bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crna Gora u djelu Rebecce West Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: Putopisi kao izvor podataka u političkoj geografiji
Authors: Sanguin André-Louis
Published: July 2017

Putopisna literatura ključni je temelj na kojem je geografija nastala kao društvena pojava. Ona opisuje prostornu realnost iz perspektive pojedinca. Putopisna literatura je izvor popularnoga geografskog znanja. Godine 1941. poznata britanska spisateljica Rebecca West (1892.-1983.) objavila je kroniku svojih putovanja kroz Jugoslaviju u razdoblju od 1936. do 1938. pod naslovom Black Lamb and Grey Falcon. Njezina knjiga je odličan primjer putopisne literature kao izvora podataka u političkoj geografiji. U stvari, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon je politički odgovor Rebecce West na Balkan, a ne prikaz njezina putovanja kroz Jugoslaviju. Svojim zapažanjima West je pridonijela oblikovanju javnog mišljenja o Jugoslaviji i narodima koji u njoj žive, a koje je i danas prisutno. Nadalje, njezina knjiga imala je snažan utjecaj na razmišljanja anglosaksonskih političara o Jugoslaviji. West je izuzetno opisala Crnu Goru, njezinu povijest, ljude, tradiciju i politiku kroz opise Boke kotorske, Budve, Cetinja, Kolašina, Lovćena, Plava i Skadarskog jezera. Analizirajući odlomak iz knjige vezan uz Crnu Goru, ovaj rad se fokusira na obilježja političke geografije kroz analizu značajnih geosimbola.
Stanje okoliša slovenskog dijela Jadranskog mora
Authors: Brečko Grubar Valentina
Published: July 2017

Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea is its most northern part which occupies approximately 200 km2  and is a part of the wider Gulf of Trieste. Slovenian coast consists of 47 kilometers of mostly steep, abrasive marl and sandstone coast. Low accumulation coast is located only at the mouths of the watercourses and represents but a smaller portion, whereas the smallest part is occupied by the limestone abrasion coast. Mainland coastal region is mostly hillside and has a very diverse relief, while plains, in smaller numbers, are located only in the lower parts of the river valleys. Slovenian sea indents the mainland by two larger gulfs: the Gulf of Koper and of Piran and is predominately very shallow. The average depth is around 18 m and the largest depth is 38 m at the Madona cape near Piran. Sea bottom is mostly covered by the thick layer of sediments deposited after the abrasion of the steep cliff coast and by the accumulation of the river alluvium. Due to its shallowness the sea is exposed to high temperature fluctuations and due to the fresh water influx also to the changes of its salinity.The circulation of the sea water is mainly induced by the tide and wind activities, mostly the Bora (strong north-easterly wind) which significantly influences the vertical circulation of the water. Water current is weak and unstable. There is a large influx of nutrients into the Slovenian sea, resulting from the soil erosion, surface water influx, watercourses and direct emissions of waste waters into the sea. The consequence of the mentioned sea characteristics is a great landscape sensitivity of the coastal sea ecosystem. During summer the sea warms intensely and when accompanied by the weak water circulation, we are often witnessing the lack of oxygen in the deeper layers of the water, intensive algae growth and sea blooming, which points to exceeded self-cleaning (assimilation) capacities of the marine ecosystem.The major polluters are the coastal towns of: Koper, Izola, Piran and Portorož, nautical tourism with marines, naval traffic and the port activity of the Luka Koper. The pressures on the marine ecosystem due to the human activities are still increasing, both on the mainland and in the sea, despite some measures to reduce the pollution. According to the assessment of the Mediterranean action plan (UNEP-MAP), Slovenian coastal sea is, due to its oceanographic characteristics and the economic activities influence, ranked among the most sensitive and endangered parts of the Mediterranean. Environmental state of the Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea will try to be presented through the DPSIR model or the amended Integral Model of Geographical Study of the Environment and its Components.
Mjerenje tvrdoće vode u odabranim krškim pojavama Žumberačke gore
Authors: Buzjak Nenad , Trpčić Marina
Published: July 2017

In the paper are published the results of deteremination of total, Calcium and Magnesium water hardness from four caves, one karst spring and one sinking creek in the area of Žumberačka Gora Mt. in NW Croatia. Water hardness is a measure of carbonate rocks dissolution and corrosion. Besides, it can give a hint of undergorund water courses since the stream that flows from dolomite has higher Magnesium content and one that flows from limestone has higher Calcium ions content. Geological, geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of all features from which water samples were taken are also described.
Promjene u biološkoj i ekonomskoj strukturi stanovništva Južne Hrvatske (Dalmacije) od 1948. do 1991. godine
Authors: Glamuzina Martin , Glamuzina Nikola
Published: July 2017

This paper offers the results of the analysis of changes in biological and economic structure of the population in South Croatia (Dalmatia) from 1948 to 1991. Special attention has been paid to the development of the secondary and tertiary activity sectors and the influence of general economic progress on the population.
Demogeografski aspekt nestajanja starih i stvaranja novih naselja u delti Neretve
Authors: Glamuzina Martin
Published: July 2017

The author's aim has been to point out changes in population density and settlements in the Neretva Delta zone (Croatia). A special emphasis has been put on those old settlements, which were situated on the mountainous (karst-calcareous) area, and on the formation of new settlements on the junction of mountainous zone and alluvial plain, then on the alluvial plain itself. The author's intention has also been to emphasize the period when these changes happened and causes, which provoked these changes. It is incontestable that the intensity of changes is determined by contemporary economic Delta valuation expressed through modern agriculture, traffic, trade and especially port activities. All these changes have been taking place for the last thirty years since the economic aspiration in Delta moved from the mountainous area to the alluvial plain.
Karl Marx na Leitura de Enrique Dussel: interpelações críticas à luz das lutas sociais na América Latina / Karl Marx in Reading Enrique Dussel: summonses light criticism of social struggles in Latin America
Authors: Costa César Augusto , Loureiro Carlos Frederico
Published: July 2017

O propósito deste ensaio é destacar alguns pressupostos e implicações políticas da filosofia de Karl Marx na leitura de Enrique Dussel, trazendo contribuições teóricas para o processo de lutas sociais na América Latina. Temos convicção que a aproximação dos autores mencionados contribui de forma impar diante os processos libertários neste contexto. O presente trabalho está sistematizado em três tópicos, que se seguem à introdução, onde reiteramos as convergências críticas entre o filósofo argentino Enrique Dussel e o alemão Karl Marx para a compreensão da América Latina. Inicialmente, abordaremos elementos reflexivos sobre Marx na leitura filosófica de Dussel. Em seguida, situaremos o cenário de expropriações e lutas sociais no sistema-mundo moderno colonial a partir deste referencial da América Latina. Por fim, na parte conclusiva, pontuaremos as “interpelações críticas” a partir de Dussel e Marx, na perspectiva das lutas sociais latino-americanas, que se constituem em filósofos fundamentais para compreendermos o processo de expropriações e lutas sociais no âmbito latino-americano.
Socialismo Cien Años Después / Socialism One Hundred Years Later
Authors: Soto Olga Pérez , Borrego Arelys Esquenazi
Published: July 2017

A los 17 años del siglo XXI, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo reivindicar el imaginario socialista frente al fracaso del capitalismo, y de los propios errores de las diferentes experiencias de transformación social. Cien años de aniversario de la primera experiencia socialista en el mundo, se toma como motivación para reflexionar sobre las posibles temáticas de la agenda de la ciencia del socialismo; en la delimitación de la evaluación del socialismo, como proyecto histórico monumental, entre la necesidad del cambio social y el cómo hacerlo.
Dialética dos Grupos na Perspectiva da Diversidade Humana e da Sociedade de Classes / Dialectics of Groups in the Perspective of Human Diversity and Class Society
Authors: Fernandes Idilia
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo traz o conceito de diversidade humana situada no emaranhado das relações da sociedade de classes. A multiplicidade das diferenças humanas se inscreve em um mundo padronizado, mediado por relações de exploração e desigualdades, sob a égide da “lei de acumulação geral do capital”, desvendada por Marx. No capitalismo há espaço restrito para expressão das singularidades e para construção de uma estética criativa e humanizada. A padronização dos comportamentos, da produtividade e da estética são processos sociais que precisam ser enfrentados com estratégias coletivas de resistência e organização para que a vida humana seja plena de possibilidades. Na dialética dos grupos há algumas alternativas para o enfrentamento das situações de opressão sociais, acionando a dimensão coletiva dos sujeitos singulares. O conceito de grupo é apresentado em seu duplo aspecto como processo social e como uma alternativa de dispositivo instrumental para o trabalho profissional, que poderá levar a práticas emancipatórias.
Lack of association between cytomegalovirus infection and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a case-control study in Durango, Mexico
Authors: Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Sandoval-Carrillo Ada A. , Vazquez-Alaniz Fernando , Salas-Pacheco José M. , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco , Antuna-Salcido Elizabeth Irasema
Published: July 2017

It is not clear whether infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnant women. Through a case-control study design, 146 women suffering from hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (cases) and 146 age-matched normotensive pregnant women (controls) were examined for the presence of anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies with enzyme-linked immunoassays. IgM seropositive samples were further assayed by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA).

Anti-CMV IgG antibodies were found in 138 (94.5%) controls and in 136 (93.2%) cases (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–2.05; P = 0.62). High (>18 IU/ml) levels of anti-CMV IgG antibodies were found in 37.7% of the 138 seropositive controls and in 34.6% of the 136 seropositive cases (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.53–1.43; P = 0.59). Anti-CMV IgM antibodies were found in 1 (0.7%) of the controls but in none of the cases using ELFA (P = 1.0). Seropositivity to CMV was not associated with a previous preeclampsia and was similar among cases regardless their mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and mean arterial blood pressure.

No serological evidence of an association between CMV infection and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was found. Further research to elucidate the role of CMV in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy should be conducted.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Maleat Anhidrida terhadap Mutu Papan Partikel yang Dibuat dari Limbah Padat Gracilaria sp. dan Polietilen sebagai Perekat
Authors: Fithriani Diini , Basmal Jamal , Utomo Bagus Sediadi Bandol
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh maleat anhidrida terhadap mutu papan partikel yang dibuat dari limbah padat hasil pengolahan Gracilaria sp. Dan polietilen. Pada penelitian ini limbah padat hasil pengolahan Gracilaria sp.dicampur secara homogen pada suhu ruang dengan bahan perekat polietilen dengan perbandingan berat 1:1, dan ditambahkan maleat anhidrida dengan konsentrasi 0,6, 9, dan 12% b/b. Pembuatan papan partikel dilakukan dengan teknik pengempaan panas pada cetakan 30 x 30 x 4 cm3. Pengempaan dilakukan pada tekanan 9 kg/cm2, suhu 150°C, dengan lama waktu pengempaan 7 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan maleat anhidrida sebagai compatibilizerpada pembuatan papan partikel dari limbah padatpengolahan Gracilaria sp. dan polietilen berpengaruh pada meningkatnya kadar air, daya serap air dan pengembangan tebal serta berpengaruh pada menurunnya modulus patah  (MOR) dan modulus elastisitas papan. Pada penelitian ini pembuatan papan partikel dari limbah Gracilaria sp.dan polietilen dapat menghasilkan papan dengan sifat fisik dan mekanis yang s es uai s tandar J IS A5908 kecuali pada nilai modulus elastisitasnya.
“Heritage on Exile”
Authors: Schofield John
Published: July 2017

This short contribution is a simple reflection on the current refugee crisis, grounded in an active interest in the contributions heritage organisations can or should make towards ameliorating life-changing impacts on people directly affected by situations beyond their control. It also reflects on a career working within the UK heritage sector that can appear to me sometimes rather detached from contemporary life, or slow to respond to it. While recognising the importance of heritage in post-war reconstruction, this paper concerns the people themselves, forced to escape conflict and seek safe haven elsewhere at the moment of crisis, when they are at their most vulnerable, disorientated, traumatised and isolated. They, it seems to me, are the immediate concern. Post-war reconstruction (or debates about whether this is appropriate) can follow later.
Place making in Non-places
Authors: Soto Gabriella
Published: July 2017

This paper describes particular material phenomenon resulting from the mass movement of undocumented migrants across the border from Mexico into Arizona, with a particular focus on migrant graffiti panels found hidden beneath rural highways. I use Marc Auge’s (2006) conceptualization of ‘non-places’ as a framework for seeking to understand the meaning behind the material impact of clandestine and undocumented migration alongside and underneath the otherwise sterile spaces of official mass transit. This paper interrogates the weight and meaning behind the actions of so-called ‘illegitimate’ or ‘illegal’ migrant travelers as they build history and create a sense of place in the non-places of the borderlands, all while evading the United States border security.
Orange Life Jackets
Authors: Tyrikos-Ergas George
Published: July 2017

During summer 2015 more than 500.000 refugees reached the shore of the island of Lesvos, Greece, seeking a safe passage to Europe. Refugees were travelling packed into plastic dinghies by smugglers. They all wore life-jackets that were discarded upon arrival. This article discusses the way these life-jackets were used both by locals and widely in Europe, through their materiality, as symbolic material of two distinct and conflicting representations of the refugees and the refugee issue.
Adipose-Derived Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins Plasma Concentrations Are Increased in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Guaita-Esteruelas Sandra , Saavedra-García Paula , Bosquet Alba , Borràs Joan , Girona Josefa , Amiliano Kepa , Rodríguez-Balada Marta , Heras Mercedes , Masana Luís , Gumà Josep
Published: July 2017

Background

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that could play a role in tumor progression via its secreted adipokines. The role of adipose-derived fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) 4 and FABP5 in breast cancer is presently under study, but their circulating levels in this pathology are poorly known. We analyzed the blood concentrations of FABP4 and FABP5 in breast cancer patients to determine whether there is an association between them and breast cancer.

Materials and Methods

We studied 294 women in the oncology department with a family history of breast cancer; 198 of the women had breast cancer, and 96 were healthy controls. The levels of FABP4, FABP5, lipid profile, standard biochemical parameter, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined. We analyzed the association of FABP4 and FABP5 with breast cancer, while adjusting for demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters.

Results

Breast cancer patients had a 24.8% (p < .0001) and 11.4% (p < .05) higher blood concentration of FABP4 and FABP5, respectively. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 was positively associated with age, body mass index (BMI), FABP5, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc), non-high-density lipoprote in cholesterol (non-HDLc), Apolipoprotein B 100 (ApoB100), triglycerides, glycerol, glucose, and hsCRP (p < .05), and was negatively associated with HDLc (p < .005) in breast cancer patients. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 was positively associated with BMI, FABP4, VLDLc, triglycerides, glycerol, and hsCRP (p < .05), and was negatively associated with HDLc and Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) (p < .05) in breast cancer patients. Using a logistic regression analysis and adjusting for age, BMI, hsCRP, non-HDLc, and triglycerides, FABP4 was independently associated with breast cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 1.091 [95% CI: 1.037–1.149]). Moreover, total cholesterol, VLDLc, non-HDLc, ApoB100, triglycerides, and hsCRP were significantly increased in breast cancer patients (p < .005). In contrast, the non-esterified fatty acids concentrations were significantly decreased in breast cancer patients (p < .05).

Conclusion

Circulating FABP4 and FABP5 levels were increased in breast cancer patients compared with controls. The positive association of FABP4 with breast cancer was maintained after adjusting for important covariates, while the association with FABP5 was lost. Our data reinforce the role of adipose tissue and their adipokines in breast cancer. Despite these data, further studies must be performed to better explain the prognosis or diagnostic value of these blood parameters and their possible role in breast cancer.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Microwave Ablation Combined with Iodine-125 Seed Implantation in Local Control of Recurrent Retroperitoneal Liposarcomas: Initial Clinical Experience
Authors: Lu Mingjian , Yao Wang , Zhang Tao , Fan Wenzhe , Zhong Zhihui , Li Jiaping , Zhang Fujun
Published: July 2017

Introduction

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and short-term efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) combined with iodine-125 (125I) seed implantation in recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcomas (rRPLs).

Materials and Methods

From September 2012 to March 2015, 11 patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Eleven tumors (median, 9 cm; range, 5.5–12.5 cm) were treated with computerized tomography-guided MWA for 11 sessions and 125I seed implantation for 18 sessions. 125I seed implantation was performed 4 weeks after MWA.

Results

There were no procedure-related deaths. Post-MWA pain (grade ≥2) was the most common complication (6 of 11 patients, 54.5%), and fever (grade ≥2) was observed in two patients. Reversible nerve injury, defined as transient limb paresthesia or leg weakness, was observed in one patient. There were fewer complications associated with the 125I seed implantation procedure compared with the MWA procedure. All 11 patients who underwent the MWA procedure achieved a partial response (PR), according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, 1 month post-ablation; after 125I seed implantation was performed, a complete response was observed in three, five, and six target tumors in 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusion

In selected patients with rRPLs, MWA combined with 125I seed implantation is feasible and safe with favorable local control efficacy.
Die reg van die homoseksuele ouer om beheer en toesig oor 'n kind te verkry in die lig van die bepalings van die Grondwet
Authors: Kotze Antoinette
Published: July 2017

The problematic nature of the right of a homosexual parent to vest custody over a child is biarticulated: the nature and extent of custody disputes as well as the issues of discrimination based on sexual orientation are relevant. Homosexual orientation is emotional and controversial, all the more when it is accompanied by custody disputes. In this context the constitutional protection given to human rights and the constitutional provisions containing constitutional values are of paramount importance. The contents of these provisions have direct consequences for custody disputes and homosexual parenthood. In the pre-constitutional dispensation, the court gave judgement in Van Rooyen v Van Rooyen 1994 2 SA 325 (W) on the awarding of access rights to a homosexual parent. With regard to the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 108 of 1996 and trends in relevant foreign law, the decision in the Van Rooyen case is subjected to criticism. Since the commencement of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 200 of 1993, no South African court has given judgement on this issue. The aim of this contribution is to set out an autochthonous frame of reference considering the provisions of the Constitution, case law and comparative foreign law in an attempt to resolve the issue under discussion.
State duties of protection and fundamental rights
Authors: Starck Christian
Published: July 2017

Duties of protection are duties of the state to protect certain legal interests of its citizens. They cover the interests of life, health, freedom and property and also protect some other interests and certain constitutionally recognised institutions. State duties of protection must be considered in connection with fundamental rights. The foundations of modern constitutionalism and attendant procedures are essential to develop guidelines for a constructive critique of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. This is done with reference to the recent history of France, Germany and England. The historical excursus reveals that a single theory underlies the variety of constitutional states. The development of the constitutional state gave rise to the significance of the preservation of freedom through the maintenance of law and the separation of powers. This has given rise to various legal devices, based also in part on experience with moderate rule and earlier theories of the imperium limitatum.

A textual analysis of the German Basic Law is undertaken to determine whether and how the duties of protection are expressly created. Furthermore, the duties that have been discovered in the Basic Law by the Federal Constitutional Court are considered. These duties include the protection of human life and health, personal freedom, the right to autonomous development of one's personality, freedom of science, research and teaching, marriage and the family, children, mothers, professional freedom, property and the protection of German nationals against foreign states. Finally the justification of such duties and the constitutional control of the manner of protection are considered.

In a final section a critique of relevant constitutional jurisprudence is undertaken. It is argued that claims to protection cannot be directly binding law. They presuppose legislation. If statutory protection is connected with infringements of third-party fundamental rights, the principle of proportionality can be adopted to test whether the protection is effective. Insofar as protection can be achieved without infringements of rights, one must attempt to test the effectiveness of protection by some other means. Where the legislature omits to protect at all, the court should limit itself to establishing the existence of a duty and to querying its non-fulfilment. The Court may not pass protective regulations or impose a duty to pass specific regulations. Where general statutory norms apply, protective duties can be realised through the socalled indirect third-party effect of fundamental rights. In its reaching its decision, the German Federal Constitutional Court is responsible for preserving the political discretion of the legislature in protecting interests and remembering the structural distinction between "hard" defensive rights and "soft" protective duties in order to prevent the erosion of the directly binding nature of defensive rights.
House of Traditional Leaders: Role, Problems and Future
Authors: Du Plessis Willemien , Scheepers T E
Published: July 2017

A national House of Traditional Leaders and provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders have been established in terms of Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993.  The role of Traditional leaders at provincial and national level in the National House of Traditional Leaders and the Provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders has not yet been clearly defined in South Africa.

The National and Provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders experience various problems that hamper their functioning.  The purpose of this paper is to discuss the significant role of the National House of Traditional Leaders and the Provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders as Constitutional institutions at national and provincial levels and to make proposals regarding their future role and functioning.

It can be expected of Constitutional institutions to function properly and effectively. 

That is, however, not the case with the National House and the various provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders. In the rural areas are the poorest of the poor.  This is a result not only of the former apartheid policy but also of a lack of interest by former governments to invest in rural areas.  Attention and investment were focused mostly on the development of urban areas.  People in rural areas had no voice.  It should be ensured that their comments on legislation are for example taken seriously and are not discarded as a mere formality.

The 1996 Constitution gives them this voice, but for the intended institutions to function properly, they must be effective.

In this article a brief overview of the recognition of traditional institutions in the 1993 and 1996 Constitutions is given, whereafter the National House and Provinical Houses of Traditional Leaders are discussed with regard to their composition, role and the problems they experience in order to make recommendations with regard to their problems and future role.
The significance of a philosophical approach in constitutional adjudication with reference to the Prince case
Authors: Eloff Zachi
Published: July 2017

The entrenchment of a Bill of Rights in a supreme Constitution in South Africa means that constitutionalism will become central in a new emerging jurisprudence.  The constitutional requirement that the courts promote “the values which underlie an open and democratic society based on freedom and equality2 implies that the interpretive task will be radically different from what it was under the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty.  The duty imposed on the courts by section 39(1)(a) and 7(1) will compel them to make value choices and to make those values explicit through clear and transparent articulation.
Adjudicating socio-economic rights – transforming South African society: A response to Linda Jansen Van Rensburg’s paper
Authors: Ngwena Charles
Published: July 2017

It is trite to say that the adjudication of socio-economic rights is a new enterprise in South African jurisprudence, as it is to the jurisprudence of many other jurisdictions. Professor van Rensburg’s paper seeks to analyse the influence of political, socio-economic and cultural considerations on the interpretation and application of socio-economic rights in the Bill of Rights. The pivots for discussion are the decisions of the Constitutional Court in the Soobramoney,1 Grootboom2 and Treatment Action Campaign3 cases which, thus far, are the only cases in which the Constitutional Court has substantively determined the nature and parameters of socio-economic rights and obligations under the South African Constitution. My response is somewhat deferential in that I largely concur with many of the observations that Professor van Rensburg makes. In some respects, however, I have attempted to bring into the analysis of Soobramoney, Grootboom and Treatment Action Campaign not so much new insights, but rather different emphases. Likewise, my response is constructed around the three cases. I begin with Soobramoney.
Some comments on the current (and future) status of Muslim personal law in South Africa
Authors: Rautenbach Christa
Published: July 2017

The state law of South Africa consists of the common law and the customary law. However, in reality there exist various cultural and religious communities who lead their private lives outside of state law. For example, the Muslim community in South Africa is a close-knit community which lives according to their own customs and usages. Muslims are subject to informal religious tribunals whose decisions and orders are neither recognised nor reviewable by the South African courts.

The non-recognition of certain aspects of Muslim personal law causes unnecessary hardships, especially for women. A Muslim woman is often in a "catch two" situation. For example, on the one hand her attempts to divorce her husband in terms of Muslim law may be foiled by the relevant religious tribunal and, on the other hand, the South African courts may not provide the necessary relief, because they might not recognise the validity of her Muslim marriage. 

Increasingly, South African courts are faced with complex issues regarding the Muslim community. The last few years there has been a definite change in the courts' attitude with regard to the recognition of certain aspects of Muslim personal law. Contrary to pre1994 court cases, the recent court cases attempt to develop the common law to give recognition to certain aspects of Muslim personal law. This article attempts to give an overview of the recent case law that dealt with issues regarding the recognition of aspects of Muslim personal law. 

Another issue, which eventuates from the current situation, is whether the South African legal order should continue to have a dualistic legal order or whether we should opt for a unified legal order or even a pluralistic legal order. In order to address this issue, some comments on the current status of Muslim personal law will be made and, finally, in order to contribute to the debate regarding the recognition of Muslim personal law, optional models for the recognition of Muslim personal law will briefly be evaluated.
Ontwikkeling van die gemenereg in die lig van artikel 39(2) en 173 van die Grondwet
Authors: Harms LTC
Published: July 2017

Die onderwerp van hierdie voordrag is wydlopend en voortydig. Toe Professor Wigmore in 1914 met 'n vergelykbare onderwerp genader is, het hy wyslik die aanbod van die hand gewys:[1]

The law is so obviously in a seething change that one might as well expect to analyze a chemical reaction while the test tube is over the flame.

Oor deliktereg (law of torts) het hy bygevoeg:

The old-time doctrines of liability are changing so fast that it is difficult to keep up with them . . . certainly many existing books may be sold for old paper.

'n Mens kan met reg vra of die ius connubiorum van Brouwer en die Law of Husband and Wifevan Professor Hahlo nie nou "Seksuele Verhoudingsreg" geword het nie. Is onregmatigheid en skuld vereistes vir deliktuele aanspreeklikheid of hang dit maar daarvan af of die verweerder die staat is of versekering dra? Leer u nog steeds u studente dat 'n kontrak 'n tweesydige verbintenis is? Dit is mos 'n losse driesydige verhouding waartoe die regter 'n party is? Leer u hulle steeds dat dit op wilsooreenstemming gebaseer is in plaas van willekeur? Die verkorte LLB kan dan nog meer verkort word
Risk Management And Liability For EnvironmentalL Harm Caused By GMOS – The South African Regulatory Framework
Authors: Feris L
Published: July 2017

Biotechnology is still relatively new and as with any new technology, it carries some level of risk.  This necessitates appropriate risk assessments and appropriate risk management.  One element of risk management however, is taking into account that during the production, development, transport or release of a GMO it may cause injury to person, property or the environment, regardless of risk management procedures.  This calls for the existence of a liability regime that will place some legal responsibility on the party responsible for the harm.   

This paper assesses the South African regulatory framework of relevance to GMOs, which is composed of a fragmented set of laws that deals with risk assessment, risk management and liability for damage to the environment.  It discusses the GMO Act as the principle legislation regulation GMOs and also the recent amendment thereof and also consider other legislation such as the ECA, NEMA and NEMA Biodiversity Act in an attempt to determine whether the regulatory framework addresses risk management and liability in an effective and adequate manner.  It comes to the conclusion that South Africa does not as yet have a satisfactory legal regime that provides for risk management and liability in the context of GMOs.
The Role Played by the South African Human Rights Commission's Economic and Social Rights Reports in Good Governance in South Africa
Authors: Horsten D
Published: July 2017

The preamble of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution) contains the commitment to, amongst other things, establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights, lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which government is based on the will of the people and every citizen is equally protected by law and improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person.  One of the methods used to achieve these objectives is the inclusion of enforceable socio-economic rights in the Chapter 2 Bill of Rights.

 

Despite numerous debates surrounding the issue of enforceability of socioeconomic rights, it has become evident that these rights are indeed enforceable.  Not only does section 7(2) of the Constitution place the state under an obligation to respect, protect, promote and fulfil all rights in the Bill of Rights, including socio-economic rights, but the Constitutional Court has in various decisions passed judgment on issues relating to socio-economic rights, underpinning the fact that these rights are indeed enforceable.

 

The fact that socio-economic rights have been included in the Bill of Rights and are enforceable is, however, not sufficient to achieve the aims set out in the preamble.  In order for these rights to be of any value to the people they seek to protect, they need to be implemented. One of the ways in which the implementation of these rights is monitored is by means of the South African Human Rights Commission's annual Economic and Social Rights Reports.  The aim of this contribution is to assess these reports and to establish the degree to which they contribute to good governance in South Africa with reference to, inter alia, the constitutional mandate of the South African Human Rights Commission, the reporting procedure and the evaluation of reports.
Effectiveness of diathermy in patients with low back and pelvic pain referred to lower limb: A pilot study
Authors: Rodríguez Sanz David , Martinez Pascual Beatriz , Fernandez Martinez Silvia , De la Cueva Reguera Monica , Díez Vega Ignacio , Calvo Lobo Cesar
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Low Back and pelvic pain is a major problem and a common cause of disability and health care utilization. To evaluate diathermy efficacy for low back and pelvic pain treatment.Methods: Reports of 20 multifidus in subjects with a previous low back and pelvic pain diagnosis. A randomized trial blinded with two randomized groups, group A diathermy, group B sham diathermy to check efficacy of diathermy.Results: Diathermy group don´t show significate differences versus sham group due to be apply as an isolated technique but this technique rarely is reported in this way and is frequently associated to perturbational training or a kinesiotherapy program during his activation. A better correlation was achieved by diathermy in Tensomiography values.Conslusions: Further studies are necessary to improve knowledge about physical effects of diathermy due to this technique is frequently associated with a kinesiotherapy program to get better results in patients with prevalent illness as lumbar and pelvic pain referred to lower limb.
Preparation and Studies of Electrodeposited CuSe Thin Films
Authors: Kassim A. , Zainal Z. , Saravanan N. , Vikneshwari R. , Malathi S.
Published: July 2017

Cathodic electrodeposition in the presence of sodium dodecyl-sulphate in aqueous solution was used to prepare CuSe thin film deposited on titanium substrates. The effect of deposition potential, concentration
and deposition time were studied to determine the optimum condition for the electrodeposition process. The films were characterized by X-ray diffractrometry. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study
the morphology of the deposits. The photoresponse of the films prepared was analysed using linear sweep voltammetry in the presence of sodium thiosulphate.
Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Electrical Properties of Organic Orange Dye Complex Films
Authors: Karimov Kh.S. , Sayyad M.H. , Ahmed M.M. , Khan M.N. , Karieva Z.M. , Moiz S.A. , Shah M. , Zakaullah Kh. , Turaeva M.A.
Published: July 2017

In this study the effect of temperature and humidity on electrical properties of organic orange dye (OD) complex with vinyl-ethynyl-trimethyl-piperidole (VETP) have been examined. Thin films of OD (C17H17N5O2) and VETP (C12H19NO) complex were deposited from 10 wt.% (5 wt.% of each matter) solution in mixture of distilled water (80%) and spirit. The films were grown at room temperature under normal gravity conditions, i.e., 1 g and in a spin coater at an angular speed of 300 RPM. The Cu/OD-VETP/Cu surface type samples were fabricated and their low frequency (10 Hz) AC electric characteristics were evaluated for the temperature range 30-95 °C at ambient humidity of 45-80%. It was observed that at normal conditions the conductivity of the samples is temperature dependent and shows semi-conductive behavior with activation energy of 0.55 eV. It was found that with increase in humidity the resistance of the samples decreases and at humidity values equal to 60-70% the irreversible transition from semi-conductive to conductive state takes place. It is supposed that in the former state the conductive matrix is formed due to incorporation of the water molecules into OD-VETP complex.
Development of Solid Gas Generating Compositions to Ensure Non Explosiveness of Spent Orbital Stages of Liquid Rocket of Space Launch Vehicles
Authors: Trushlyakov V. , Zharikov K. , Lempert D.
Published: July 2017

The choice is discussed of solid gas generating compositions for venting by hot combustion products a fuel tank of the spent orbital stage of a space launch vehicle with a main liquid rocket engine. Non explosiveness is achieved via eliminating the
possibility of freezing the drainage system when products of gasification (vapours of a propellant component + the remains of a gas boost + the hot products of combustion of solid gas generating compositions) are discharged from the tank into surrounding space. There are imposed requirements, constraints, and criteria for selecting solid gas generating compositions. When considering tank with the residues of liquid oxygen belonging to orbital spent stage of the launch vehicle «Zenith» the ways are shown how to ensure explosion safety, which on the basis of proposed approaches by selecting solid gas generating compositions (SGC) which generate oxygen and
nitrogen. As a criterion of choice of SGC the total mass of the gasification system is adopted, which includes the SGC mass for gasification of liquid propellant residues, the mass of the gas generator and the mass of system to supply the combustion products of SGC into the tank. It is proposed use of residual heat in the condensed phase of the SGC combustion products to heat up the drainage system, which will increase the probability of a trouble-free operation of the drainage system.
The Influence of Small Additives of Alcohol Vapors on Combustion of Hydrogen and Methane in Air
Authors: Azatyan V.V. , Bolodiyan I.A. , Kopilov S.N. , Shebeko Yu.N. , Kalachev V.I.
Published: July 2017

The results of investigation of combustion of hydrogen-air and methane-air mixtures in the presence of small additives of ethanol, isopropanol, propenol in horizontal tubes are presented. The additives reduce the upper limits of flame propagation and the rate of flame propagation. The difference of inhibiting efficiencies
of these alcohols corresponds to their ability to break the reaction chains of hydrogen and methane combustion processes. In the mixtures, containing less than 15% of hydrogen the suppression of combustion does not occur.
Orange Dye Thin Film Resistive Hygrometers
Authors: Moiz S.A. , Karimov Kh.S. , Gohar N.D.
Published: July 2017

An investigation on electrical properties of organic semiconductor, Orange Dye (OD), C17H17N5O2, resistive hygrometers was made in present study. Organic thin films were deposited on substrate by different thin film deposition methods, such as by vacuum evaporation method (Aluminum/Orange Dye/Aluminum), by spin-coater method from solution (Gold/Orange Dye/Gold), and in normal gravity condition by placing drops of OD solutions over the surface of tissue paper (Tin metal/Orange Dye in tissue paper/Net metal). As OD is also temperature sensitive, that is why to compensate temperature effect for the measurement of humidity dependent electrical properties, special arrangement was provided over the same substrate, but encapsulated from humidity environment. The AC (frequency of 10 Hz) and DC resistances were evaluated from current-voltage characteristics of all samples of resistive hygrometers, measured in the temperature interval range of 20-70 °C and relative humidity range of 30-80%. It was observed that the resistance of the OD decreases with a rise in temperature. Similarly, OD resistance is observed to decrease with increase in humidity level. The relative resistance ratio to relative humidity was found 30 and 12 for the samples deposited by vacuum evaporation and from solution by spin coater respectively. Humidity dependent on electrical properties of these resistive hygrometer make them attractive for use in development of industrial humidity meters.
Internationalismen – fremd oder doch nicht so fremd? – Zur Betonung internationaler Wörter im Deutschen – Didaktische Implikationen
Authors: Żytyńska Małgorzata
Published: July 2017

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Fremdes oder Eigenes in der Satzstruktur? – Zu einigen kognitiven Aspekten der Verbalklammer im Deutschen
Authors: Sakowski Krzysztof
Published: July 2017

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Literary Competitions Organised by the Ministry of Culture and Arts in 1949–1950 in the Light of Archive Records
Authors: Budrowska Kamila
Published: July 2017

The subject of this paper are these literary competitions organized by Ministry of Culture and Arts in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Analysys of the materials from archivesenabled to tackle the issues: these competitions are one of the many aspect of stalinism offensive. Competitions encouraged writers for moving problems of socialist realism, they enforced artists for submission in accordance with Government of country.In article characterized six competitions. Most curious was “Third competition on mass song”, in which took part important writer Tadeusz Różewicz.
Theatre and Drama of Socialist Realism in the Context of Cryptotexts (Based on MKiS and WUKPPiW Material)
Authors: Wiśniewska-Grabarczyk Anna
Published: July 2017

The main goal of the article is to offer a description of cryptotexts of theatre staging handbooks and dramatic works created in Poland during the socialist realism period. A cryptotext is a secret text which is the result of a purposeful act of subterfuge. In the article, I present selected cryptotexts – reviews produced in the Ministry of Culture and Art (MKiS) and censorship reviews of the dramatic works submitted for evaluation to the Voivodship Control Bureau for Press, Main Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows (WUKPPiW). The archives contain evaluation of works which have been published in subsequent years as well as those which remained only in their draft form. Analysis of the evaluations of ministry officials reveal the mechanisms for allowing and withholding submitted dramatic works and a theatre staging handbook which shows the practices of publishing theatrical works. An analysis of different evaluations of the same text allows for a hypothesis that the main aim of cryptotexts was the evaluation of ideological correctness of submitted works. Despite this main function it is possible to point out specific passages in the statements by the WUKPPiW officials which are similar to statements of Ministry officials. In both cases the evaluation pertains to the content and the planned fulfilment of the work and plays mainly a didactic function.
Censorship Towards the Subject of the Warsaw Uprising in Belles-Lettres in 1956–1958
Authors: Kloc Agnieszka
Published: July 2017

Right from the beginning, the subject of the Warsaw Uprising was often manipulated or even entirely erased from public discourse under the Stalinist regime. It was only after the liberalization of culture and the easing of censorship-related repressions that the said topic returned in literature. The paper focuses on the censorship bureau’s approach to the image of the Uprising presented by writers. Moreover, it attempts to specify – on the basis of specific examples – the kind of content that was accepted, rejected or amended. The juxtaposition of censors’ documents and the content of the published works allows for the examination of the depth of censors’ interventions and their methods of manipulating historical facts. Those areas of special interest include: presentation of the division among the insurgents who were supposed to belong either to the brave ordinary soldiers or the passive leadership, as well as the attitude towards the People’s Army, the First Polish Army, the Home Army or the Red Army, with special regard for its passiveness during the Uprising.
The Issa Valley in Censorship Documents. On the Thaw Reception of Czesław Miłosz’s Novel
Authors: Woźniak-Łabieniec Marzena
Published: July 2017

Czesław Miłosz’s The Issa Valley [Dolina Issy] was published in the Paris Literary Institute in 1955 and soon after started paving its way to readers in the author’s native country, in spite of the censorship. This article traces back the novel’s reception in the so-called Thaw (post-Stalin) period (1955–1957) in the light of official domestic publications and the documents of the Censorship Office. Those years saw publication of several argumentative and favourable essays on the novel (by e.g. I. Sławińska, J. Błoński, J. Zawieyski). The censors banned just one extensive discussion text on The Issa Valley, by Jarosław-Marek Rymkiewicz, and this owing to where it was published. A ban on publishing the poet’s works in a nonserial form was maintained. In that transitional period, new directives were coming from the communist-party headquarters, and the censors would often consult the heads of departments they reported to, or the Central Censorship Office directly. The situation grew severer by 1958, with the poet’s name being consistently removed from most publications.