bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Cultivar Interaction Effects on Nitrogen Recovery, Utilization Efficiency, and Agronomic Performance of Spring Barley
Authors: Anbessa Yadeta , Juskiw Patricia
Published: May 2012

A study was carried out at Lacombe, Alberta, to develop baseline information on nitrogen recovery, utilization efficiency, and agronomic performance of spring barley. This information may enable us to understand where the inefficiencies of N nutrition may lay and determine strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Three divergent cultivars, “Manley” (two-rowed, tall, late maturing), “Noble” (six-rowed, mid-height, intermediate maturing), and “Tukwa” (six-rowed, semidwarf, early maturing), were grown under low (0 kg ha-1), moderate (50 kg ha-1) and high (100 kg ha-1) rates of applied N fertilization. Both N recovery and utilization efficiency decreased with the increase in rate of applied N fertilizer, and NUE declined from 45 kg kg-1N under the low N treatment to 33 kg kg-1N under the moderate treatment and 24 kg kg-1N under the high N treatment. The test cultivars were comparable in N uptake, but Tukwa and Noble were more efficient in their utilization of the N taken up than Manley, particularly under high N. Subsequently, while grain yield of Tukwa and Noble had increased linearly with rate of N fertilizer, the grain yield of Manley showed a declining trend under high N. This implies that, where a high input condition is targeted, improvement in N utilization efficiency may need to be given due consideration.
Concise Review: Self-Renewal in the Central Nervous System: Neural Stem Cells from Embryo to Adult
Authors: De Filippis Lidia , Binda Elena
Published: May 2012

The recent discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain has fostered a plethora of translational and preclinical studies to investigate future therapeutic approaches for the cure of neurodegenerative diseases. These studies are finally at the clinical stage, and some of them are already under way. The definition of a bona fide stem cell has long been the object of much debate focused on the establishment of standard and univocal criteria to distinguish between stem and progenitor cells. It is commonly accepted that NSCs have to fulfill two basic requirements, the capacity for long-term self-renewal and the potential for differentiation, which account for their physiological role, namely central nervous system tissue homeostasis. Strategies such as immortalization or reprogramming of somatic cells to the embryonic-like stage of pluripotency indicate the relevance of extensive self-renewal ability of NSCs either in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, the discovery of stem-like tumor cells in brain tumors, such as gliomas, accompanied by the isolation of these cells through the same paradigm used for related healthy cells, has provided further evidence of the key role that self-renewal plays in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this review we provide an overview of the current understanding of the self-renewal capacity of nontransformed human NSCs, with or without immortalization or reprogramming, and of stem-like tumor cells, referring to both research and therapeutic studies.
Hydrotalcites Catalyze the Acidolysis Polymerization of Phenolic Acid to Create Highly Heat‐Resistant Bioplastics
Authors: Chauzar Manu , Tateyama Seiji , Ishikura Takanori , Matsumoto Keitaro , Kaneko Daisaku , Ebitani Kohki , Kaneko Tatsuo
Published: May 2012

Acidolysis polymerization has been used to prepare phenol‐derived polymers such as liquid crystalline (LC) polymers, and is catalyzed by mildly‐alkaline salts. The catalytic effects of hydrotalcites (HTs), which are natural alkalescent minerals with controllable basicity, are investigated on the acidolysis copolymerization of coumarates such as p‐coumaric acid and caffeic acid. As a result, the LC copolymer prepared in the presence of HT with a Mg/Al ratio of 3 shows higher molecular weight values than copolymers prepared in the presence of any other alkalescent salts. On the other hand, the copolymers prepared in the presence of HTs show a clear LC state where the polymer chains are oriented on the surface of the glass fibers. The resin, which is oriented by glass fiber fillers aligning along its longitudinal axis and is annealed at 300 °C for 20 min, shows a softening temperature of 305 °C while keeping a high mechanical strength of 85 MPa and a high mechanical modulus over 1 GPa.
Screening Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attachment and Differentiation on Porous Silicon Gradients
Authors: Wang Peng‐Yuan , Clements Lauren R. , Thissen Helmut , Jane Andrew , Tsai Wei‐Bor , Voelcker Nicolas H.
Published: May 2012

The profound effects that nanoscale surface topography exerts on cell behavior are highly relevant to the development of advanced biomaterials and to advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, an asymmetric anodization procedure is used to produce n‐type porous silicon (pSi) gradients with pore sizes ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers in diameter and changes in the ridge nanoroughness from a few to tens nanometers. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) adhere poorly at the regions with small pore size but high ridge roughness. Cell adhesion is increased gradually towards the large pore size but low ridge roughness end of the pSi gradients. Surface topography influences cell differentiation, but not cell proliferation. Osteogenesis of rMSCs is enhanced by porous topography with a ridge roughness lower than 10 nm, while adipogenesis of rMSCs is enhanced on the entire pSi gradient compared with flat Si substrates. The results demonstrate that the gradient format allows in‐depth screening of surface parameters that are important for the control of mammalian cell behavior, thereby advancing the development of new and improved biomaterials for orthopaedic and tissue engineering applications.
Graphene‐Based Materials for Energy Conversion
Authors: Sahoo Nanda Gopal , Pan Yongzheng , Li Lin , Chan Siew Hwa
Published: May 2012

With the depletion of conventional energy sources, the demand for renewable energy and energy‐efficient devices continues to grow. As a novel 2D nanomaterial, graphene attracts considerable research interest due to its unique properties and is a promising material for applications in energy conversion and storage devices. Recently, the fabrication of fuel cells and solar cells using graphene for various functional parts has been studied extensively. This research news summarizes and compares the advancements that have been made and are in progress in the utilization of graphene‐based materials for energy conversion.
Confined and Chemically Flexible Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Compound Semiconductors
Authors: Abou‐Ras Daniel , Schmidt Sebastian S. , Caballero Raquel , Unold Thomas , Schock Hans‐Werner , Koch Christoph T. , Schaffer Bernhard , Schaffer Miroslava , Choi Pyuck‐Pa , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana
Published: May 2012

Grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films exhibit only slightly enhanced recombination, as compared with the grain interiors, allowing for very high power‐conversion efficiencies of more than 20% in the corresponding solar‐cell devices. This work highlights the specific compositional and electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 GBs by application of appropriate subnanometer characterisation techniques: inline electron holography, electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, and atom‐probe tomography. It is found that changes of composition at the GBs are confined to regions of only about 1 nm in width. Therefore, these compositional changes are not due to secondary phases but atomic or ionic redistribution within the atomic planes close to the GBs. For different GBs in the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film investigated, different atomic or ionic redistributions are also found. This chemical flexibility makes polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films particularly suitable for photovoltaic applications.
Estimated burden of disease attributable to selected occupational exposures in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Folley Tiina J. , Nylander‐French Leena A. , Joubert Darren M. , Gibson Jacqueline MacDonald
Published: May 2012

Background

As part of an effort to strengthen occupational safety and health programs, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) commissioned a study to estimate the burden of disease attributable to occupational exposure to carcinogens, particulate matter, and noise.

Methods

We developed an innovative simulation model to estimate the occupational disease burden and facilitate future assessments as more field‐based quantitative data become available.

Results

We determined that, in 2008, an estimated 46 deaths (95% CI: 27–71) and 17,000 health‐care facility visits (95% CI: 16,000–18,000), along with 4,500 cases of noise‐induced hearing loss, were attributable to the occupational risk factors covered in this study. Lung cancer and leukemia were associated with the highest number of deaths (38), whereas asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contributed most to the health‐care facility visits (nearly 16,900). The highest estimated occupational disease burden is in construction.

Conclusion

These results will help the UAE to institute new policies for environment, health, and safety management. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:940–952, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brønsted Acid Activation Strategy in Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N‐Unprotected Imines, Enamines, and N‐Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Yu Zhengkun , Jin Weiwei , Jiang Quanbin
Published: May 2012

Asymmetric hydrogenation plays an important role in organic synthesis, but that of the challenging substrates such as N‐unprotected imines, enamines, and N‐heteroaromatic compounds (1H‐indoles, 1H‐pyrroles, pyridines, quinolines, and quinoxalines) has only received increased attention in the past three years. Considering the interaction modes of a Brønsted acid with a Lewis base, Brønsted acids may be used as the ideal activators of CN bonds. This Minireview summarizes the recent advances in transition‐metal‐catalyzed, Brønsted acid activated asymmetric hydrogenation of these challenging substrates, thus offering a promising substrate activation strategy for transformations involving CN bonds.
Microcellular extrusion of PLA utilizing solid‐state nucleation in the gas‐saturated pellet extrusion process
Authors: Miller Dustin , Kumar Vipin
Published: May 2012

In this study, we explore the use of solid‐state nucleation in polymer pellets as a means to create microcellular PLA foams in extrusion. This is achieved by using gas‐saturated PLA pellets as input to the extruder. Foam density, bubble size, and bubble density is reported and compared with microcellular foams created in the gas‐injection extrusion process. PLA pellet gas concentrations between 17 and 29 mg CO2/g PLA was found to produce quality microcellular foams in this process. Gas concentrations within this range were achieved by varying methods that included partial saturation, desorption from full saturation, and blending saturated with unsaturated pellets. This gas concentration window that produced microcellular foams was found to be independent of the saturation and desorption process used to achieve the desired concentration. We further compare the pressure drop and pressure drop rate of the gas‐saturated pellet extrusion process showing that similar foams can be produced at pressures orders of magnitude lower than the alternative gas‐injection extrusion processes. Investigations into extrusion pressures support the hypothesis that the gas‐saturated pellet extrusion process utilizes solid‐state nucleation in the feed section of the extruder to achieve high bubble density foams. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Properties and antimicrobial activities of starch–sodium alginate composite films incorporated with sodium dehydroacetate or rosemary extract
Authors: Yan Qianqian , Zhang Jinli , Dong Haizhou , Hou Hanxue , Guo Pei
Published: May 2012

Antimicrobial films were prepared with oxidized and acetylated corn starch–sodium alginate by incorporating sodium dehydroacetate or rosemary extract. Films incorporated with sodium dehydroacetate ≥ 0.1% or rosemary extract ≥ 0.3% had an anti‐Escherichia coli effect. Aspergillus niger could be effectively inhibited by the incorporation of sodium dehydroacetate ≥ 0.3%. Rosemary extract showed no inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger. Sodium dehydroacetate and rosemary extract reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break, and increased the water vapor permeability of the films. Sodium dehydroacetate made the films more greenish–yellow with the increase of sodium dehydroacetate concentration. The color of the films became darker and more reddish–yellow as rosemary extract was increased. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis revealed that sodium dehydroacetate and rosemary extract reduced starch crystallinity. The surface of the films became rougher as a result of an addition of sodium dehydroacetate and rosemary extract. These findings had potential applications in prolonging food shelf life based on different needs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The effect of citrate ester plasticizers on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(DL‐lactide)
Authors: Harte Imelda , Birkinshaw Colin , Jones Eric , Kennedy James , DeBarra Eamonn
Published: May 2012

Citrate esters triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, and acetyl tributyl citrate were used as plasticizers for amorphous poly(D,L‐lactide) (PDLLA). The resultant compositions were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and tensile testing to investigate the properties of the blends. Glass transition temperatures (Tgs) obtained by DSC were also compared to theoretically calculated Tgs. Increasing plasticizer content decreased the resultant Tg of the blend with plasticizer efficiency enhanced as the molecular weight of the citrate ester increased. However, in blends with high plasticizer content, a lack of miscibility also occurred with increased molecular weight. Theoretical results were comparable with those obtained experimentally at compositions, which were miscible. Increasing plasticizer content increased the ductility and decreased the strength of the polymer. The addition of 10 wt % plasticizer to PDLLA decreased tensile strength by over 50% with the deterioration larger at higher concentrations of plasticizer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of a novel amphoteric chelating polymer flocculant and its performance in Cu2+ removal
Authors: Liu Lihua , Wu Jun , Ling Yulin , Li Xin , Zeng Rongjin
Published: May 2012

A novel amphoteric chelating polymer flocculant (ACPF) was synthesized. The synthesis involved the copolymerization of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide to prepare poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride‐co‐acrylamide) [P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM)], Mannich reaction of P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM) with triethylenetetramine and formaldehyde to prepare P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM)‐graft‐TETA, and xanthogenation of P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM)‐graft‐TETA with CS2 and NaOH. The removal performance of ACPF toward Cu2+ was investigated, and the ACPF structure was characterized. ACPF performance considerably improved at 121–187 mL/g intrinsic viscosity, 20.78–28.32 mol % cationic degree of P(DMDAAC‐co‐AM), and 22.11–28.44% sulphur content of ACPF. The Cu2+ removal rate was above 99% at a 1.98 : 1 molar ratio of ‐CSS− to Cu2+. This rate was 5.86% higher than that using polyacrylamide‐graft‐triethylenetetramine‐dithiocarbamate (PAM‐graft‐TETA‐DTC). The zeta potential and sedimentation rate of flocs obtained from ACPF were higher and their volume was smaller than those from sodium triethylenetetramine‐multidithiocarbamate and PAM‐graft‐TETA‐DTC at the same sulphur dosage. This result indicates that the positive charges of ACPF polymeric chains effectively neutralize excess negative charges in flocs, which benefits the bridging of flocs with negative charges to promote their formation and growth. These positive charges can also cause the flocs to become larger and tighter, thereby improving flocculation and settling performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
William Shakespeare as Psychotherapist
Authors: Coombe Paul D.
Published: May 2012

The aim of this paper is to explore how Shakespeare drew on contemporary life to assist society to manage profound loss, uncertainty and anxiety. This was achieved through providing a forum, both in the “here and now”, via the plays and other works, and through creating a body of work for future generations to mine. This evolved over time to penetrate and fertilize the global community. In these ways Shakespeare helps us all to metabolize anxiety and despair and continue to move forward in the struggle of life. The paper includes a detailed discussion of the interpretations and applications of the works and their relevance to professionals who work within the space in which suffering and despair inhabit. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic effects of a novel tylophorine analog, NK‐007, on collagen‐induced arthritis through suppressing tumor necrosis factor α production and Th17 cell differentiation
Authors: Wen Ti , Li Yangguang , Wu Meng , Sun Xiaolin , Bao Xiucong , Lin Yuquan , Hao Jianlei , Han Lin , Cao Guangchao , Wang Ziwen , Liu Yuxiu , Wu Zhenzhou , Hong Zhangyong , Wang Puyue , Zhao Liqing , Li Zhanguo , Wang Qingmin , Yin Zhinan
Published: May 2012

Objective

To analyze the effects of a novel compound, NK‐007, on the prevention and treatment of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

We determined the effect of NK‐007 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–triggered tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production by murine splenocytes and a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, intracellular cytokine staining, and Western blotting. The LPS‐boosted CIA model was adopted, and NK‐007 or vehicle was administered at different time points after immunization. Mice were monitored for clinical severity of arthritis, and joint tissues were used for histologic examination, cytokine detection, and immunohistochemical staining. Finally, stability of TNFα production and Th17 cell differentiation were studied using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry.

Results

NK‐007 significantly suppressed LPS‐induced TNFα production in vitro. Administration of NK‐007 completely blocked CIA development and delayed its progression. Furthermore, treatment with NK‐007 at the onset of arthritis significantly inhibited the progress of joint inflammation. Administration of NK‐007 also suppressed production of TNFα, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐17A in the joint and reduced percentages of IL‐17+ cells among CD4+ and γ/δ T cells in draining lymph nodes. We further demonstrated that NK‐007 acted on the stability of TNFα messenger RNA and reduced Th17 cell differentiation. In addition, it significantly inhibited levels of IL‐6 and IL‐17A in human coculture assay.

Conclusion

For its effects on the development and progression of CIA and for its therapeutic effect on CIA, NK‐007 has great potential to be a therapeutic agent for human rheumatoid arthritis.
Diet‐induced obesity significantly increases the severity of posttraumatic arthritis in mice
Authors: Louer Craig R. , Furman Bridgette D. , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Olson Steven A. , Guilak Farshid
Published: May 2012

Objective

Obesity and joint injury are primary risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) that involve potential alterations in the biomechanical and inflammatory environments of the joint. Posttraumatic arthritis is a frequent long‐term complication of intraarticular fractures. Obesity has been linked to primary OA and may potentially contribute to the development of posttraumatic arthritis by a variety of mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to determine whether diet‐induced obesity influences the severity of posttraumatic arthritis in mice and to examine the interrelationships between joint degeneration and serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines and adipokines that are involved in this response.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were fed either normal chow (13% fat) or a high‐fat diet (60% fat) starting at 4 weeks of age. At 16 weeks of age, half of the mice in each group were subjected to a closed intraarticular fracture of the left knee. At 8 weeks postfracture, knee OA was assessed by cartilage and synovium histology in addition to bone morphology. Serum cytokine concentrations were determined with multiplex assays.

Results

Fractured knee joints of mice receiving a high‐fat diet showed significantly increased OA degeneration compared with nonfractured contralateral control knees, while fractured knee joints of mice receiving a low‐fat diet did not demonstrate significant differences from nonfractured contralateral control knees. A high‐fat diet increased serum concentrations of interleukin‐12p70 (IL‐12p70), IL‐6, and keratinocyte‐derived chemokine while decreasing adiponectin concentrations. Joint injury also increased IL‐12p70 concentrations in mice receiving a high‐fat diet. Systemic levels of adiponectin were inversely correlated with synovial inflammation in control limbs.

Conclusion

Diet‐induced obesity significantly increased the severity of OA following intraarticular fracture. Obesity and joint injury together can alter systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐12p70.
Reactive oxygen species–mediated killing of activated fibroblasts by arsenic trioxide ameliorates fibrosis in a murine model of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Kavian Niloufar , Marut Wioleta , Servettaz Amélie , Nicco Carole , Chéreau Christiane , Lemaréchal Hervé , Borderie Didier , Dupin Nicolas , Weill Bernard , Batteux Frédéric
Published: May 2012

Objective

In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), activated fibroblasts produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that stimulate their proliferation and collagen synthesis. By analogy with tumor cells that undergo apoptosis upon cytotoxic treatment that increases ROS levels beyond a lethal threshold, we tested whether activated fibroblasts could be selectively killed by the cytotoxic molecule arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in a murine model of SSc.

Methods

SSc was induced in BALB/c mice by daily intradermal injections of HOCl. Mice were simultaneously treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of As2O3.

Results

As2O3 limited dermal thickness and inhibited collagen deposition, as assessed by histologic examination and measurement of mouse skin and lung collagen contents. As2O3 abrogated vascular damage, as shown by serum vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 level, and inhibited the production of autoantibodies, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), and IL‐13 by activated T cells. These beneficial effects were mediated through ROS generation that selectively killed activated fibroblasts containing low levels of glutathione.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that treatment with As2O3 dramatically improves skin and lung fibrosis in a mouse model of SSc, providing a rationale for the evaluation of As2O3 treatment in patients with SSc.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis criteria in early psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Coates Laura C. , Conaghan Philip G. , Emery Paul , Green Michael J. , Ibrahim Gamal , MacIver Helen , Helliwell Philip S.
Published: May 2012

Objective

To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) Study Group criteria in early psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and to compare them with the sensitivity and specificity of the Moll and Wright criteria.

Methods

The CASPAR Study Group criteria were applied to patients with early PsA (<24 months symptom duration) and to control patients with other new‐onset inflammatory arthritides. Both groups were naive to all disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. The gold standard diagnosis was confirmed by the consulting rheumatologist using radiography and magnetic resonance imaging where required. Proportions of patients and control patients meeting the criteria were compared using McNemar's tests.

Results

We recruited a total of 111 patients with early PsA and 111 control patients with other forms of inflammatory arthritis (82 with rheumatoid arthritis, 13 with undifferentiated arthritis, 9 with spondylarthritis, 4 with inflammatory osteoarthritis, and 3 with crystal arthritis) to the study. The sensitivity of the CASPAR Study Group criteria in classifying early PsA was 87.4% compared to 80.2% for the Moll and Wright criteria. The specificity for both criteria was 99.1%. When considering different cut points for the CASPAR Study Group criteria, the best cut point for classification remained a score of ≥3 as in the original CASPAR Study Group analysis. Considering a score of ≥2 gave a higher sensitivity of 99.1% but resulted in a drop in specificity to 94.6%. Regression analysis determined that psoriasis and rheumatoid factor negativity were the most important features that differentiated PsA, followed by nail psoriasis and current or previous dactylitis.

Conclusion

The CASPAR Study Group criteria are more sensitive than the Moll and Wright criteria in classifying early PsA. Although their sensitivity for early PsA is lower than that for established disease, the CASPAR Study Group criteria are valid for use as inclusion criteria for trials in early PsA.
Derivation of islet‐like cells from mesenchymal stem cells using PDX1‐transducing lentiviruses
Authors: Talebi Samira , Aleyasin Ahmad , Soleimani Masoud , Massumi Mohammad
Published: May 2012

Pancreatic duodenum homeobox protein‐1 (PDX1) is a master regulatory gene in pancreatic development. Reprogramming of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising tool for producing insulin‐producing cells. In this study, lentivirus harboring PDX1 (LV‐PDX1) has been used for persistence gene expression in MSCs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of lentivirus to introduce the PDX1 gene into MSCs to produce insulin‐secreting cells and apply it for treatment of hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow, characterized, and transduced by LV‐PDX1. Significant expressions of PDX1, neurogenin3, glucagon, glucose transporter2 (Glut2), and insulin were detected by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (P < 0.05). PDX1 and insulin were detected at the protein level by immunofluorescence analysis. PDX1 could trigger a gene expression cascade that involved pancreatic endocrine differentiation and also revealed the glucose sensing ability by expressing Glut2 in high‐glucose medium. The insulin secretion of MSCsPDX1+ in the high‐glucose medium was 1.75‐fold higher than that secreted in the low‐glucose medium (P < 0.05). MSCsPDX1+ implanted into diabetic rats could decrease the blood glucose level from 485 mg/dL to the normal level in 3 days. This study showed MSCsPDX1+ have the potential to be used as a viable resource in cell‐based gene therapy of type 1 diabetes.
Advance organizers in a gross anatomy dissection course and their effects on academic achievement
Authors: Chung Eun‐Kyung , Nam Kwang‐Il , Oh Sun‐A , Han Eui‐Ryoung , Woo Young‐Jong , Hitchcock Maurice A.
Published: May 2012

We presented two kinds of advance organizers (AOs), video clips and prosection, for a gross anatomy dissection course and compared their effects on academic achievement and student perception of the learning experience. In total, 141 students at Chonnam National University Medical School were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 (n = 70) was provided with video clips AO, whereas Group 2 (n = 71) was provided with prosection AO, the use of cadaveric specimens dissected by the course instructor. Student self‐assessment scores regarding the learning objectives of upper limb anatomy improved significantly in both groups. Academic achievement scores in Group 2 were significantly higher than those in Group 1, although the self‐assessment scores were not significantly different between the groups. Additionally, students in Group 2 responded significantly more positively to the statements about perception of the learning experience such as helping them understand the course content and concepts, decreasing anxiety about the dissection course, and participating actively in the dissection. It would seem that the application of prosection as an AO improved academic achievement and increased student engagement and satisfaction. This study will contribute to designing effective AOs and developing a teaching and learning strategy for a gross anatomy dissection course. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charles‐pierre denonvilliers (1808–1872): Renowned anatomist, plastic surgeon, and influential member of French society
Authors: Charran Ordessia , Muhleman Mitchel , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios
Published: May 2012

Charles‐Pierre Denonvilliers was one of the most influential and prolific French anatomists and surgeons of the 19th century. Born in Paris and educated at the Paris Faculty of Medicine in 1826, he steadily created a reputation for himself in the field of medicine. Starting in 1833, Denonvilliers lectured with exquisite clarity and scientific accuracy in surgery and anatomy. Not only did he make a name for himself in this arena but also as an anatomist of high caliber based on his anatomical dissections and presentations. These talents and skills afforded Denonvilliers the opportunity to acquire different other titles and positions throughout his career. His reputation as a plastic surgeon, anatomist, and lecturer coupled with his status and influence made his sudden death in 1872, an occasion of bereavement for the French medical profession. Clin. Anat. 26:788–792, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Andrew Fyfe the elder (1752(4)–1824): Not all good anatomists are good teachers
Authors: Shoja Mohammadali M. , Mortazavi Martin M. , Malakpour Mehran , Loukas Marios , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: May 2012

The history of teaching anatomy in Scotland is rich. One Scottish anatomist who has received little attention, however, is Andrew Fyfe the elder. Unfortunately, very little is written on the life and contributions of this early anatomist. He is considered to have been a great anatomist of his day, but a poor teacher of anatomy. Herein, we review the life of this early anatomist whose works have been compared to those of well‐known Scottish anatomists such as the Monros and brothers John and Charles Bell. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organocatalyst Efficiency in the Michael Additions of Aldehydes to Nitroalkenes in Water and in a Ball‐Mill
Authors: Veverková Eva , Poláčková Viera , Liptáková Lucia , Kázmerová Eva , Mečiarová Mária , Toma Štefan , Šebesta Radovan
Published: May 2012

The enantioselective organocatalytic Michael addition in aqueous solution was compared with the reaction performed under solvent‐free ball‐milling conditions. A range of pyrrolidine‐derived organocatalysts were tested in the addition of aldehydes to nitroalkenes. Both procedures afforded good yields, diastereoselectivities, and enantioselectivities. The best catalyst in aqueous media was O‐lauroyl‐trans‐4‐hydroxyproline, whilst the ball‐milling technique was most‐efficient with α,α‐diphenyl‐2‐pyrrolidinemethanol trimethylsilyl ether.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Flexibility of the Cu2ZnSnS4 Absorber in Low‐Cost Photovoltaic Cells: From the Stoichiometric to the Copper‐Poor Compounds.
Authors: Choubrac L. , Lafond A. , Guillot‐Deudon C. , Moelo Y. , Jobic S.
Published: May 2012

The crystal structures of Cu2ZnSnS4 and the nonstoichiometric Cu‐poor phase Cu1.71Zn1.18Sn0.99S4 are determined by single crystal and powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure Determination of Solar Cell Materials: Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Using X‐Ray Anomalous Dispersion.
Authors: Nozaki Hiroshi , Fukano Tatsuo , Ohta Shingo , Seno Yoshiki , Katagiri Hironori , Jimbo Kazuo
Published: May 2012

The crystal structure of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films obtained by vapor phase sulfurization is determined by synchrotron XRD measurements using the anomalous dispersion effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Investigation of Hydrogen Adsorption in All‐Metal Aromatic Clusters.
Authors: Srinivasu K. , Ghosh Swapan K. , Das R. , Giri S. , Chattaraj P. K.
Published: May 2012

The hydrogen adsorption properties of the all‐metal aromatic systems Be3M2, Mg3M2, and Al4M2 (M: Li, Na, K) are explored using ab initio quantum chemical DFT and MP2 computations.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Structure, and Photoluminescence Properties of New Layered Borates KBaRE(B3O6)2 (RE: Y, Eu, and Tb).
Authors: Zhao Sangen , Yao Jiyong , Zhang Erpan , Zhang Guochun , Zhang Jianxiu , Fu Peizhen , Wu Yicheng
Published: May 2012

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of K2CO3, BaCO3, Y2O3, Eu2O3, Tb4O7, and H3BO3 (Pt crucible, 750—800 °C, 120 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Chalcogenolate Complexes as Precursors to ZnE and Mn/ZnE (E: S, Se) Clusters.
Authors: Khadka Chhatra B. , Eichhoefer Andreas , Weigend Florian , Corrigan John F.
Published: May 2012

Mn(II) is incorporated into well‐defined ZnS and ZnSe cluster frameworks by a low temperature synthetic method.
ChemInform Abstract: Colloidal Synthesis of Wurtzite Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanorods and Their Perpendicular Assembly.
Authors: Singh Ajay , Geaney Hugh , Laffir Fathima , Ryan Kevin M.
Published: May 2012

Wurtzite Cu2ZnSnS4 nanorods with sizes of 11 x 35 nm are synthesized in high yield by injecting a mixture of 1‐dodecanethiol and tert‐dodecyl mercaptan into a mixture of Cu(acac)2, Zn(OAc)2, Sn(OAc)4, trioctylphosphine oxide, and 1‐octadecene (150—160 °C, 15—30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Squaramide‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Addition of Malononitrile to Chalcones.
Authors: Yang Wen , Jia Yang , Du Da‐Ming
Published: May 2012

Title reaction provides access to the corresponding γ,γ‐dicyano ketones in moderate to high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 96% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of α‐Iminoamides with Activated Olefins.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Esguevillas Maria , Adrio Javier , Carretero Juan C.
Published: May 2012

The Cu(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of α‐iminoamides (III) with activated alkenes in the presence of Segphos ligands leads to 2‐amido‐pyrrolidine derivatives with high exo‐diastereo‐ and excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Diels—Alder Adducts of p‐Substituted Methyl Thiocinnamates and Cyclopentadiene.
Authors: Camilo Fernanda F. , Gruber Jonas
Published: May 2012

A strong complexation of the dienophil carbonyl oxygen with the boron atom is proposed to be responsible for the high diastereo selectivity (100% d.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Gold/Palladium Catalytic Systems.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Lothschuetz Christian , Doepp Rene , Ackermann Martin , De Buck Becker Janosc , Rudolph Matthias , Scholz Christian , Rominger Frank
Published: May 2012

Substrates containing an aryl iodide and an allenoate ester undergo gold‐induced cycloisomerization to vinylgold(I) species (III) which are further converted into tricyclic product (IV) by intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Detailed Study of the Intramolecular Hydroamination of N‐(ortho‐Alkynyl)aryl‐N′‐substituted Trifluoroacetamidines and Bromodifluoroacetamidines.
Authors: Zhu Jiangtao , Xie Haibo , Chen Zixian , Li Shan , Wu Yongming
Published: May 2012

The intramolecular hydroamination of title fluoroalkyl‐substituted acetamidines is studied in the presence of gold and copper catalysts, under basic conditions as well as in the presence of iodine.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones Using TBHP as an Oxidant over LaMO3 (M: Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe) Perovskites.
Authors: Singh Savita J. , Jayaram Radha V.
Published: May 2012

The used catalyst can be recycled and reactivated for up to six consecutive cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Methodology for the Oxidation of Sulfides with Fe(III) Catalysts.
Authors: Chakraborty Debashis , Malik Payal , Goda Vinod Kumar
Published: May 2012

A variety of sulfides is converted into the corresponding sulfoxide derivatives under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Reduction of C—N Multiple Bonds Using Sodium Borohydride and an Amorphous Nickel Catalyst.
Authors: Liu Shouxin , Yang Yihua , Zhen Xiaoli , Li Junzhang , He Huimin , Feng Juan , Whiting Andrew
Published: May 2012

A wide variety of oximes, imines, hydrazones and nitriles is efficiently reduced to the corresponding amines using sodium borohydride in the presence of amorphous nickel as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Regioselective Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Derivatives.
Authors: Zhao Qiwu , Curran Dennis P. , Malacria Max , Fensterbank Louis , Goddard Jean‐Philippe , Lacote Emmanuel
Published: May 2012

The reduction of ketones, esters and the imine (XXIV) under mild conditions is achieved with diphenylsilane in the presence of TAC.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Unactivated Alkyl Halides with Allylic Carbonates.
Authors: Dai Yijing , Wu Fan , Zang Zhenhua , You Hengzhi , Gong Hegui
Published: May 2012

A wide variety of primary and secondary unactivated alkyl halides is smoothly allylated with allylic carbonates in the presence of Ni—N,N,N‐tridentate pyridine complexes to generate E‐alkenyl products, exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Divergent Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopropanes via Iodoform Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Dingyuan , Zhang Rui , Xiang Dexuan , Zhang Ning , Liang Yongjiu , Dong Dewen
Published: May 2012

A direct one‐pot conversion of acetylcyclopropanes into cyclopropylamides is achieved by iodoform oxidation in the presence of ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of Enynes with Glyceraldehyde: An Available Carbonyl Source Derived from Sugar Alcohols.
Authors: Ikeda Keiichi , Morimoto Tsumoru , Tsumagari Takayuki , Tanimoto Hiroki , Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Kakiuchi Kiyomi
Published: May 2012

Optically active glyceraldehyde acetonide (II) is employed for the Rh‐catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of various enynes to produce bicyclic cyclopentenone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted One‐Pot Preparation of Fluorinated Propargylamines and Their Chemical Transformation.
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Lei , Zhang Jian‐Min , Shang Wen‐Li , Lu Bei‐Qiong , Jin Jian‐An
Published: May 2012

Various propargylamines of type (X) or (XI) are prepared by a three‐component reaction under conditions C).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of vic‐Halohydrins via L‐tert‐Leucine‐Catalyzed syn‐Selective Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Umehara Atsushi , Kanemitsu Takuya , Nagata Kazuhiro , Itoh Takashi
Published: May 2012

A convenient protocol is developed for the highly regio‐ and stereoselective aldol reaction of chloroacetone with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Transfer Reduction of Carboxylic Acids Using SmI2—H2O—Et3N.
Authors: Szostak Michal , Spain Malcolm , Procter David J.
Published: May 2012

The reagent can be used as 6:18:18, 6:36:36 or 6:48:48 mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Amidoborane, a Highly Chemoselective Reagent for the Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones to Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Xu Weiliang , Zhou Yonggui , Wang Ruimin , Wu Guotao , Chen Ping
Published: May 2012

Highly chemoselective reduction of carbonyl group in the presence of C—C double bond is readily achieved by lithium amidoborane under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of α‐Monofluoromethyl Alcohols: Nucleophilic Monofluoromethylation of Aldehydes Using TMSCF(SO2Ph)2.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Shao Nan , Zhang Zhe , Ni Chuanfa , Wang Fang , Haiges Ralf , Olah George A.
Published: May 2012

α‐Trimethylsilyl‐α‐fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane (II) is found to be a novel, viable nucleophilic monofluoromethylating reagent for aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Henry Reaction of Fluorinated Nitro Compounds.
Authors: Hu Huawei , Huang Yangen , Guo Yong
Published: May 2012

Nitroaldol reaction of fluorinated nitro compounds with various aldehydes results in the diastereoselective formation of anti‐β‐fluoro‐β‐nitroalcohols, in general.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Mediated Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Intermolecular β‐Arylation on Allylic Alcohols: Synthesis of Functionalized Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Krishna J. , Reddy A. Gopi Krishna , Ramulu B. Venkat , Mahendar L. , Satyanarayana G.
Published: May 2012

β‐Arylation of aromatic allylic alcohols with iodides (II) proceeds under both conventional heating or microwave irradiation to give unexpectedly β‐allylic alcohols as major or sole products.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of Aminocyclopropanes with Aldehydes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Aminotetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Benfatti Fides , de Nanteuil Florian , Waser Jerome
Published: May 2012

The reaction tolerates aromatic, aliphatic and alkenic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unique Approach to Catalyst‐Free, One‐Pot Synthesis of Spirooxindole‐Pyrazolines.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Zohreh Nasrin
Published: May 2012

A novel synthesis of title compounds (III) is achieved via in situ generation of 1,1‐bishydrazino‐2‐nitroethylene and subsequent trapping by 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxindoles via Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Ju Xuhui , Liang Yan , Jia Pingjing , Li Weifei , Yu Wei
Published: May 2012

The cyclization of α‐bromoanilides bearing an electron‐withdrawing group in α‐position towards oxindoles (II), (IV), (VI)/(VII) and (IX) is efficiently achieved under visible light irradiation in the presence of photoredox catalyst Ir(ppy)3.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Alkenyl‐2‐silyloxyindoles: An Enabling, Yet Understated Progeny of Vinylogous Carbon Nucleophiles.
Authors: Rassu Gloria , Zambrano Vincenzo , Tanca Rossella , Sartori Andrea , Battistini Lucia , Zanardi Franca , Curti Claudio , Casiraghi Giovanni
Published: May 2012

The title alkenyl(siloxy)indoles (III) serve as suitable substrates in the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction with aromatic aldehydes to furnish hydroxylated alkylideneoxindoles (V) in good yields with virtually complete γ‐site selectivity and high Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Donor—Acceptor—Donor Materials via Au‐Catalyzed Double Cascade Cyclization.
Authors: Ferrara Giovanni , Jin Tienan , Oniwa Kazuaki , Zhao Jian , Asiri Abdullah M. , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: May 2012

Double cascade cyclization of arenyl tetraynes gives benzothiadiazole derivatives and related compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Un‐Catalyzed Tandem Knoevenagel—Michael Reaction for the Synthesis of 4,4′‐(Arylmethylene)bis(1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ols) in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Tale Nilesh P. , Tiwari Girdharilal B. , Karade Nandkishor N.
Published: May 2012

The condensation of aldehydes with two equivalents of pyrazolone (I) in refluxing water gives diarylmethanes (III) in moderate yields without the need for any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized 2,3‐Dihydroisoxazoles by Domino Reactions in Water and Unexpected Ring‐Opening Reactions of 2,3‐Dihydroisoxazoles.
Authors: Li Ping , Teng Bo‐Tao , Jin Fa‐Gen , Li Xin‐Sheng , Zhu Wei‐Dong , Xie Jian‐Wu
Published: May 2012

A convenient synthesis of trisubstituted dihydroisoxazoles (II), (V) and (VIII) is presented, involving the reaction of benzylidenemalononitriles with hydroxylamine in basic medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiazolidine‐Fused Heterocycles via exo‐Mode Cyclizations of Vinylogous N‐Acyliminium Ions.
Authors: Stojanovic Milovan , Markovic Rade , Kleinpeter Erich , Baranac‐Stojanovic Marija
Published: May 2012

The 6‐exo cyclization of vinylogous N‐acyliminium ions with tethered O‐, S‐, and N‐nucleophiles proceeds smoothly to afford fused thiazolidines (II) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Xanthone Formation from 2‐Aryloxybenzaldehydes via Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC).
Authors: Wang Ping , Rao Honghua , Hua Ruimao , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: May 2012

Without any preactivation of the aldehyde function, xanthone scaffolds bearing various functionalities can be generated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Copper(II)‐Catalyzed, Sequential Michael‐Aldol Reaction for the Preparation of 1,2‐Dihydroquinolines.
Authors: Wagner Anna M. , Knezevic Claire E. , Wall Jessica L. , Sun Victoria L. , Buss Joshua A. , Allen LeeAnn T. , Wenzel Anna G.
Published: May 2012

MeCN functions as a labile ligand for the copper and as an agent to minimize the hydrolytic catalyst poisoning.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted 1,4‐Dihydroquinolines by [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Benzyne with 1‐Azadienes.
Authors: Stokes Sean , Bekkam Markondaiah , Rupp Madeline , Mead Keith T.
Published: May 2012

The N‐tosylated products can be easily transformed into quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Protocols Mutually Applicable to 4‐Oxoquinolines and 4‐Oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridines: Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐2‐substituted and 1‐Aryl‐3‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐quinolines and 4‐Oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridines.
Authors: Awasaguchi Ken‐ichiro , Hayashi Hiromi , Kawai Hyouei , Tominaga Hiroko , Sato Yuichiro , Hayashi Kazuya , Todo Yozo
Published: May 2012

Various 2‐substituted 4‐oxoquinoline and 4‐oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives are prepared from the key intermediates (I) and (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Synthesis of Heterocycles from Alcohols.
Authors: Watson Andrew J. A. , Maxwell Aoife C. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: May 2012

Cyclization of o‐aminobenzamide (I) with various benzylic and aliphatic alcohols proceeds smoothly under Ru‐catalyzed hydrogen transfer conditions to afford quinazolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Imidazo/Benzoimidazoquinazolinones by Sequential Ullmann‐Type Coupling and Intramolecular C—H Amidation.
Authors: Xu Hao , Fu Hua
Published: May 2012

The title reaction uses inexpensive CuI—L‐proline as catalyst and oxygen as environmentally friendly and economical oxidant and provides the (benz)imidazoquinazolinone products in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antiproliferative Evaluation of Pyrimido[5,4‐c]quinoline‐4‐(3H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Ai Yong , Liang Yong‐Ju , Liu Jian‐Chao , He Hong‐Wu , Chen Yu , Tang Chu , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Fu Li‐Wu
Published: May 2012

Novel pyrimidoquinolone derivatives (VI),(XI),(XII), and (XIII), substituted at positions 2 and 3, are synthesized by using three synthetic routes and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against a panel of six human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (L)‐4‐Fluorotryptophan.
Authors: Konas David W. , Seci Drilona , Tamimi Safa
Published: May 2012

Key step in the synthesis of (L)‐4‐fluorotryptophan (V) is a diastereoselective alkylation of the Schollkopf chiral auxiliary (III) with a fluorinated electrophile.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approach to Flavonols via Base‐Mediated Cyclization: Total Synthesis of 3,5,6,7‐Tetramethoxyflavone
Authors: Kraus George A. , Gupta Vinayak , Kempema Aaron
Published: May 2012

The novel four‐step synthesis of flavones (VI) involves a LDA‐mediated cyclization/isomerization/elimination sequence as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Heronamycin A: A New Benzothiazine Ansamycin from an Australian Marine‐Derived Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Raju Ritesh , Piggott Andrew M. , Khalil Zeinab , Bernhardt Paul V. , Capon Robert J.
Published: May 2012

Investigations for cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity reveal only modest effects against Bacillus subtilis strains.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification and Development of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxadiazole as Potential Candidate for Treatment of XDR and MDR Tuberculosis.
Authors: Bakal Ravi L. , Gattani Surendra G.
Published: May 2012

With a view to synthesizing a better agent for todays XDR and MDR tuberculosis, a series of tractable small molecules having an oxadiazole core is obtained in four steps from appropriately substituted ethyl esters.