bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of the female of Chelis ferghana Dubatolov, 1988, an endemic moth species of the Tien Shan Range in Central Asia (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Authors: SPITSYN VITALY M. , POTAPOV GRIGORY S.
Published: June 2020

Seven Arctiine genera have recently been synonymized with the genus Chelis Rambur, 1866 using a comprehensive multi-locus phylogeny (Rönkä et al. 2016). The genus Chelis s. str. contains nine species, the ranges of which cover temperate and subtropical areas of Eurasia from the Iberian Peninsula to the Pacific Ocean coast (Dubatolov & de Vos 2010, Ortiz et al. 2016). Two species, i.e. Chelis ferghana Dubatolov, 1988 and C. strigulosa (Böttcher, 1905), are endemic to the Tien Shan Mountain Range. These taxa can be distinguished by morphological differences in the apical part of the valva.
First record of Synagelides Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka: description of four endemic species from tropical wet forest of the island
Authors: KANESHARATNAM NILANI , BENJAMIN SURESH P.
Published: June 2020

Synagelides Strand, 1906 is recorded for the first time in Sri Lanka. Four new species are described and illustrated: S. hortonensis sp. nov., S. lakmalii sp. nov., S. rosalindae sp. nov. and S. orlandoi sp. nov. A key to the four new species is given.
Taxonomy of some Boreoheptagyiini Brundin (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from the mountains of Central Asia and the Middle East, with description and DNA barcoding of new taxa
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A.  , SEMENCHENKO ALEXANDER A. , PALATOV DMITRY M.
Published: June 2020

Chironomids of the tribe Boreoheptagyiini from the mountains of Iran, China and East Kazakhstan are revised using both morphological characters and partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Using adult males, Palatovia lorestanica gen. nov. sp. nov., as well as Boreoheptagyia iranica sp. nov. both from Iran (Lorestan Province, Zagros Mountains), B. joeli sp. nov. from China (Tien Shan Mountains), and B. sarymsactyensis sp. nov. from Eastern Kazakhstan (Kazakh Mountain Altai), are described and figured. A brief redescription of the rare species B. brevitarsis (Tokunaga) from Iran (Mazandaran Province), previously known only from Japan, is also given. The DNA barcoding analysis shows well-supported genetic divergence between all studied taxa (four species of the genus Boreoheptagyia and one of Palatovia). Combining DNA barcodes obtained in this study with available sequences in GenBank, the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Boreoheptagyiini are reconstructed. In the resulting Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) tree the polyphyly of the genus Boreoheptagyia is recognized. B. iranica is placed as a sister species to P. lorestanica, despite the lack of confirmation of their morphological similarity.
Review of Tarsonemus heterosetiger Mahunka, 1974 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Tarsonemidae)—an unusual species from Central Africa warranting supraspecific recognition
Authors: MAGOWSKI WOJCIECH Ł.
Published: June 2020

Tarsonemus heterosetiger Mahunka, 1974 is redescribed and illustrated. The type and non-type material are annotated; its morphology is discussed. The collection data of the type series is also corrected. In order to accommodate its systematic distinctiveness, a new supraspecific taxon is proposed.
Two new species of Ophrynopus Konow, 1897 (Hymenoptera: Orussidae), with a new definition of the genus
Authors: VILHELMSEN LARS
Published: June 2020

Two species of Orussidae are described: Ophrynopus rufocephalus new species and Ophrynopus savinai new species. The new taxa are analyzed with an existing data set for the Orussidae of the world. The results of the analyses indicate that the generic classification within the ophrynopine clade needs to be adjusted. Argentophrynopus Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2002 new synonym and Ophrella Middlekauff, 1985 new synonym are treated as junior synonyms of Ophrynopus Konow, 1897. This results in the following additional taxonomic changes: Ophrynopus amazonicus (Westwood, 1874) combination reestablished, Ophrynopus eldorado (Vilhelmsen, 2013) new combination, Ophrynopus enigmus (Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2002) new combination, Ophrynopus gauldi (Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2002) new combination, Ophrynopus seagi (Vilhelmsen, 2016) new combination. Furthermore, Ophrynopus andrei Konow, 1897 new synonym is regarded as a junior synonym of Ophrynopus fulvostigma (Westwood, 1874). A revised key to Ophrynopus spp. is presented.
Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical ant-like spiders: Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. from Bolivian Chiquitano forest, a new country record for M. niger, and indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)
Authors: PERGER ROBERT , RUBIO GONZALO D.
Published: June 2020

Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. is described from the Bolivian Chiquitano forest, and M. niger Chickering, 1937 is recorded from Bolivia for the first time. The morphological differentiation among the closely related M. tahyinandu sp. n. and M. iguazu Rubio & Arbino, 2009 is likely attributable to the selection for specific ant mimicry. Adults of M. tahyinandu sp. n. are accurate mimics of the ant Camponotus crassus Mayr, 1862, M. iguazu of C. sericeiventris (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), and M. niger of Dolichoderus bispinosus (Olivier, 1792). This study is the first to identify ant models for morphologically closely related Castianeirinae, providing a promising starting point for future research on ant mimicry.
Frailty Score and Renal Function Impairment in Elderly Patients with Hypertension: A Correlation Study
Authors: Xie Jun , Hu Zeping , Sun Yuanyuan , Yang Linlin
Published: June 2020

To explore the correlation between frailty score and renal function impairment of elderly patients with hypertension. A total of 124 patients admitted to the Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/Hefei Second People’s Hospital between October 2017 and January 2019
with hypertension complicated with frailty were included. Patients with hypertension were divided into the Observation Group and Control Group (62 patients each). The blood pressure variability rate, renal function, and frailty score were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the correlation
between frailty score and renal function index was analyzed. The variations in the 24-h systolic and 24-h diastolic blood pressure in the Observation Group were significantly higher than those in the Control Group (P < 0.05). Levels of cystatin C, homocysteine, urea nitrogen, creatinine,
and uric acid were all higher in the Observation Group than in the Control Group, with the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, no statistical difference was observed between urea nitrogen/creatinine and hypersensitive CRP (P > 0.05). Pearson
partial correlation analyses showed that the weakness score was positively correlated with systolic pressure variation percentage, diastolic pressure variation percentage, homocysteine, cystatin C, creatinine, and urea nitrogen (P < 0.05). The scores of various dimensions of weakness
obtained via further regression analyses showed that the scores of physical frailties were positively correlated with homocysteine and cystatin C (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that frailty score, percentage of diastolic blood pressure variation, and physical weakness were
independent factors affecting cystatin C level (P < 0.05). The rate of blood pressure variability is higher and renal function damage is more common in elderly hypertension patients with frailty. Frailty score, percentage of diastolic pressure variation, and physical weakness were
independent risk factors affecting renal function.
Classification of Deep Convolutional Neural Network in Thyroid Ultrasound Images
Authors: Hui Ran , Chen Jiaxing , Liu Yu , Shi Lin , Fu Chao , Ishsay Ostfeld
Published: June 2020

Objective: To explore the application of deep convolutional neural network theory in thyroid ultrasound image system analysis and eigenvalue extraction to help medically predict the patient’s condition. Methods: The thyroid color ultrasound image dataset of our hospital
was selected as the training and test samples. The comparison experiment was designed in the deep convolutional neural network learning framework to test the feasibility of the method. Results: Image information classification based on deep neural network algorithm can predict thyroid
nodule lesions well, and has good accuracy in the classification test of benign and malignant nodules. Conclusion: The clinical application of deep learning method and thyroid ultrasound image feature value extraction and system analysis can improve the accuracy of clinical thyroid
benign and malignant classification.
A Comparative Study of Application Effects Between Coordinate Paper Positioning Assisted Probe Navigation and Probe Navigation in Glioma Surgery
Authors: Dong Feinan , Li Guifen , Panigrahi Manas
Published: June 2020

Objective: To compare the effect of coordinate paper positioning assisted probe navigation and probe navigation in glioma surgery. Methods: 20 patients with glioma probe navigation coordinate paper positioning assisted probe navigation group (Test group). The patients
were treated with probe navigation and coordinate paper positioning assisted probe navigation, respectively. Result: We made a comparison and found in the Test group was significantly reduced and the resection rate of tumors was significantly increased. The KPS (Karnofsky Performance
Status) score in the Test group was significantly increased in 1–6 months. Conclusion: Compared with probe navigation, coordinate paper positioning assisted probe navigation is more effective in glioma surgery, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
The Application of Spin Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Post-Herpetic Neuralgia and White Matter Changes
Authors: Li Tao , Long Liling , Lu Jing , Jiang Yu , Sreedher Armaghan
Published: June 2020

The technology of spin magnetic resonance imaging was applied to compare the differences in neural functions of pains in different stages of herpes, including the acute stage and the post-herpetic stage. Also, the occurrence of pains caused by herpes was described by neuroimaging. A
total of 12 patients with herpes were examined by the spin magnetic resonance imaging. All the patients were divided into the acute phase group (6 patients) and the post-herpetic neuralgia group (6 patients). The conditions of included patients were evaluated in accordance with the international
standards. Besides, the technology of medical imaging was used for differential statistics on the cerebral activation regions of patients in both groups. The results showed no significant differences in VAS scores between patients in both groups (P > 0.05). However, in terms of the
emotional items, the average score of the post-herpetic neuralgia group was statistically significant compared with that of the acute group (P < 0.05). The fMRI-BOLD images of cerebral signal activation detected by the spin magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed, and the results
showed FHN increase of values in all cerebral regions in the acute stage group, including the region where LFF value increased, the region where fALFF value was relatively high, and the region where ReHo value was relatively high. Therefore, the application of spin magnetic resonance imaging
in the diagnosis of post-herpetic neuralgia symptoms would have positive effects on the conditions of patients, as well as helping clinicians accurately understand the neuralgia symptoms. In summary, the research provided experimental basis for the clinical treatments of post-herpetic neuralgia
and the application of spin magnetic resonance imaging.
Intracranial Neuroimaging in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Depression by Transcranial Ultrasound
Authors: Li Jie , Ding Wenbo , Ou Shengsheng , Tan Hanzhi , Wang Yu , Wu Xinping , Zachary Bacchi
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the study was to analyze the characteristics of transcranial ultrasonography (TCS) neuroimaging in patients with Parkinson’s disease complicated with depression (PD+D) and without depression (PD-D), and to explore the value of TCS in the diagnosis and differential
diagnosis of both diseases. From September 2010 to July 2016, 50 patients with PD+D and 50 patients with PD-D who were admitted to the dyskinesia clinic and neuropsychiatric depression in our hospital were selected as the research objects, and 50 healthy adults and 50 patients with depression
were selected as the control objects. TCS examination was performed in each group, and the changes of TCS in substantia nigra (SN) and central nucleus (BR) were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the positive rates of SN in PD+D group and PD-D group were 80% and 86%, respectively,
which were significantly higher than those in depression group and control group (8.0% and 10.0%, P < 0.01). The positive rates of BR in PD+D group and depression group were 78.0% and 82.0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in PD-D group (18.0%) and control
group (10.0%), respectively (P < 0.01). To sum up, TCS, as an assistant examination method for Parkinson’s disease, is of clinical value in the diagnosis of PD+D and PD-D and their differential diagnosis by detecting the specific high echo of SN and abnormal BR echo in patients
with Parkinson’s disease.
Design and Application of Intelligent Information System for Comprehensive Management of Obstetrics and Gynecology Health Care
Authors: Zhu Hui , Gu Li
Published: June 2020

With the cross-infiltration of information technology in the field of hospital management and the application of computer network technology, the digital construction of hospitals has been gradually promoted and applied, which laid the foundation for the development of hospital nursing
management system. Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing is a discipline with strong theoretical, practical and operational skills. At the same time, the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology, the privacy of the cause and the influence of traditional ideas make nursing staff in clinical nursing
work. Was hindered. At this stage, the nursing management information system is a software system for processing nursing information established by using information science theory and computer technology method, and is an important part. It can improve the utilization of important resources
and the quality and efficiency of nursing work. Based on this, this paper develops and applies the integrated management information system for obstetrics and gynecology health care, and under the guidance of modern software engineering methods, completes the analysis, design and implementation
of the system. PowerBuilder is selected as the front-end development tool, and the network structure of the system C/S mode is realized by combining the Oracle database. As a self-developed system, it has great flexibility.
Utility of Second-Look Endoscopy with Debridement After Pediatric Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Helmen Zachary M. , Little Ryan E. , Robey Thomas
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

To determine the utility of Second-look endoscopy with debridement (SLED) after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. To compare outcomes in pediatric CF patients undergoing sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis with or without SLED. To describe findings present at the time of SLED.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review of 61 ESS procedures performed at a tertiary care pediatric center from 2013 to 2016. Data collected included demographics, SLED findings, and 6-month pre-/postoperative disease specific outcomes including incidence of sinonasal and pulmonary exacerbations and revisions.

Results:

Sixty-one cases were reviewed. SLED was performed in 38 cases on average 22.4 days postoperatively. Average preoperative Lund-Mackay score was 14.9 and 14.8 among patients undergoing ESS with and without SLED, respectively. Pre-/postoperative intranasal steroid use and extent of surgery performed was similar among all patients. At the time of SLED, rates of synechiae, polyps and maxillary antrostomy obstruction were 26.3%, 23.7%, and 7.9%, respectively. The incidence and number of days to onset of postoperative sinonasal exacerbations requiring antibiotic therapy within 6 months of ESS were 1.0 (SD 1.0) and 85 days (SD 45.7); and 1.3 (SD 1.0) and 80.4 days (SD 40.5) for patients undergoing ESS with and without SLED, respectively ( P value .33). The number of days to first pulmonary exacerbation was 113.9 (SD 45.5) and 47.4 (SD 34.1) among SLED and non-SLED patients, respectively ( P value .01). No significant difference was observed in revision rates and time to revision ESS (30% and overall average 1.4 years, respectively).

Conclusion:

The utility of SLED among pediatric CF patients remains unclear. While debridement did not have a significant impact on sinonasal exacerbations or revision rates, pulmonary exacerbations for patients undergoing SLED were delayed. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of SLED.
Taking the Time to Understand Time at the Bottom/Base of the Pyramid
Authors: Beckett Jennifer R. , Chmielewski Danielle A. , Dembek Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

This article examines the question: How do local organizations deal with competing temporal dynamics when building and implementing base/ bottom of the pyramid (BoP) initiatives? Time has been neglected in the BoP literature to date, yet, addressing poverty in a developing country requires a complex perspective of time. An analysis of 21 semi-structured interviews with locally based organizations implementing BoP initiatives in the Philippines revealed that the organizations had an ambitemporal perspective. In particular, we discover that they harmonize multiple temporal pacers by making strategic decisions about the best mechanism of entrainment to utilize to move their community and any stakeholders to a long-term temporal horizon. We find that organizations manage this process by generating what we term a “third time” via a process of push-and-pull entrainment between the communities, the business, and the different temporal pacers. This article develops a conceptual framework for helping organizations to harmonize competing temporal dynamics to generate a bespoke “third time” for each community they work with.
Investigating the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Risk Management Practices
Authors: Lu Hao , Liu Xiaoyu , Falkenberg Loren
Published: June 2020

To date, the value of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities has primarily been measured through the company’s reputation, with little attention given to exploring whether there are internal influences between CSR and other management practices. We argue that the efficacy of CSR extends beyond a company’s reputation for managing social and environmental concerns; in particular, it can influence other business practices such as risk management. Our results suggest that (a) overall, firms with better CSR performance are more likely to adopt integrated risk management practices and (b) CSR activities that target both primary stakeholders and secondary stakeholders are equally important in facilitating the adoption of such risk management practices. Theoretically, we contribute to the CSR literature by providing a possible mechanism for risk reduction and insurance-like effects of CSR. Practically, we provide managerial implications demonstrating that the efficacy of CSR should not be viewed in isolation of other business practices.
Countering Complacency With Radical Reflection: Supporting White Teachers in the Enactment of Critical Multicultural Praxis
Authors: Durand Tina M. , Tavaras Cassandra L.
Published: June 2020

Although White teachers can be effective teachers of racially diverse students, studies continue to document factors that can undermine their success, such as color-blindness and unawareness of racial privilege. We argue that these factors contribute to a sense of complacency among White teachers regarding the implementation of culturally affirming practices. In this review, we advance an argument for the need for radically reflective practices that are necessary for the constitution of effective educational praxis for White teachers who teach in urban classrooms of mostly Black and brown students. Using Critical Multiculturalism as a framework, we address a gap in the translation of theory to practice by providing a set of process-oriented strategies that are necessary for the constitution of teacher praxis that is both radically reflective and radically hopeful, and where complacency is not an option.
Using Animal Portraiture to Activate Emotional Affect
Authors: Whitley Cameron Thomas , Kalof Linda , Flach Tim
Published: June 2020

With growing concern for biodiversity loss, conservationists are faced with increased pressure to depict animals in ways that evoke empathy and lead to conservation. In recent years, conservation photographers have called on scientists to assist them in identifying the best ways to depict animals to elicit an emotional response. Collaborating with conservation photographers, we used an original survey experiment with 1,152 participants to answer this call by comparing how individuals respond to traditional wildlife photography and animal portraiture. Those who were exposed to animal portraits reported increased empathy and decreased positive and relaxed emotions. We engage critical anthropomorphism, arguing that it is an essential tool to encourage conservation efforts and that animal portraiture may be an ideal “attention grabber,” after which wildlife images can serve as “educators.” As the first study to make this quantitative comparison, our findings have important implications for conservationists and particularly conservation photographers.
Personal, Public and Political Impacts of a New District: Survey Data from Before and After the Creation of Ghana’s Nabdam District
Authors: Fridy Kevin S , Anderson Mary R , Yen Isaac K
Published: June 2020

In June 2012 the government of Ghana added 42 new districts to the country’s system of local governance. This paper measures the impact of one new district in terms of private wealth accumulation, access to public services and political engagement. Data analysed comes from a panel survey of residents of the new district capital and two similarly sized villages, one in the new district and one just outside. Proponents of government fragmentation promise personal, public and political gains when government is brought closer to the people. Evidence weighed here suggests that these gains are largely realized by residents.
Determinants of political purges in autocracies: Evidence from ancient Chinese dynasties
Authors: Wong Stan Hok-Wui , Chan Kelvin Chun-Man
Published: June 2020

Why would dictators purge members of their ruling coalition? Some argue that doing so can minimize the risk to dictators’ political survival, while others contend that dictators who mount purges are motivated by the desire to share resources with fewer allies. In this study, we analyze an original dataset, compiled from biographical data on the subordinates of the founding emperors of seven ancient Chinese imperial dynasties. Analyzing the data with competing risks models, we find that military experience is a strong predictor of political purges. Emperors were less likely to execute officers who had fought in more battles, but more likely to execute commanders, especially those who had established military credentials prior to the founding of an empire. In addition, the incidence of political purges heightened toward the end of an emperor’s life, which implies that the founding emperors were concerned about the security threats against their designated successors. Potential challengers came not only from the military, but also from the aristocracy. Indeed, we find that the blood relatives of the emperors were more likely to experience a mild form of purges: deprivation of titles. These findings suggest that dictators are more likely to use purges to reduce existential threats.
Peacekeeping and development in fragile states: Micro-level evidence from Liberia
Authors: Mvukiyehe Eric , Samii Cyrus
Published: June 2020

Peacekeeping operations are integral to multilateral strategies to help establish stable, self-sustaining peace and development in countries coming out of civil war. While we know, from macro-level empirical studies, that these operations contribute to the durability of peace, the evidence on their effectiveness at the micro level remains scant. Using surveys and administrative data from postwar Liberia, we test the hypothesis that peacekeeping deployments build peace ‘from the bottom up’ through contributions to local security and local economic and social vitality. The hypothesis reflects official thinking about how peacekeeping works via ‘peacebuilding’. We create a quasi-experiment by applying coarsened exact matching to administrative data used in mission planning, identifying sets of communities that were similarly likely to receive bases. We do not find effects on local security measured in terms of physical victimization, fear of victimization, or migration patterns. We find only modest effects on socio-economic vitality. NGOs tend to work in areas where deployments are not present, contrary to the hypothesis. Thus, we are less inclined to believe that peacekeepers build peace from the bottom up, leaving macro-level mechanisms such as signaling and deterrence at the level of leaders as worthy of more attention. In terms of policy, peacekeeping missions should re-evaluate their methods for providing local security.
Social Inclusion of Preschool Children With ASD: The Role of Typical Peers
Authors: Zakai-Mashiach Mati , Dromi Esther , Al-Yagon Michal
Published: June 2020

This study examined the natural social interest of 193 (95 boys, 98 girls) typically developing preschoolers aged 41 to 77 months ( M = 61.71 months, SD = 8.48 months) toward their included peers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 16, M = 66.8, SD = 8.80). A hierarchical linear model examined the role of endogenous (within-child) and exogenous (environmental) variables in explaining typically developing children’s natural social behaviors. Results indicated the significant contribution of three variables: (a) typically developing children’s prosocial behaviors, (b) teachers’ attitudes about their training regarding inclusion, and (c) areas of inclusion support needed by the specific child with ASD. Discussion highlighted possible interactions among these variables within the social–ecological theoretical framework, for explaining peer relations of typically developing children with peers with ASD in regular preschools.
Family Wealth and the Class Ceiling: The Propulsive Power of The Bank of Mum and Dad
Authors: Toft Maren , Friedman Sam
Published: June 2020

In this article we demonstrate that those from working-class backgrounds face a powerful ‘class ceiling’ in elite occupations. Examining how class origin shapes economic returns in the Norwegian upper class (3.8% of the population), we first find that the income advantage enjoyed by those from privileged backgrounds increases sharply as they ascend the income distribution in both elite business and cultural fields. Second, we show that those from economically upper-class backgrounds enjoy the highest pay advantage in all upper-class destinations. Finally, we demonstrate the profound propulsive power provided by parental wealth. Our results indicate that this is the most important single driver of the class-origin income gap in virtually every area of the Norwegian upper class. These findings move forward an emerging literature on class-origin pay gaps beyond mean estimates to reveal the distinct ‘pay-off’ to class privilege in the very highest income-earning positions.
Investigation of temperature-responsive and thermo-physiological comfort of modified polyester fabric with Sericin/PNIPAAm/Ag NPs interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel
Authors: Liu Jinru , He Hualing , Yu Zhicai , Suryawanshi Abhijeet , Li Yongquan , Lin Xuebo , Sun Zenghui
Published: June 2020

Stimuli-responsive polymers applied to traditional textiles have received widespread attention. In this work, a new type of polymer-modified polyester fabric was prepared with interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel. The IPN hydrogel comprised of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), silk sericin (SS), and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The presence of the IPN hydrogel on the surface of fibers can change the wettability of polyester fabric, in response to temperature. The thermal behavior of IPN hydrogel was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). DSC results indicated that the IPN hydrogel exhibits temperature-responsive behavior and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was around 32.9℃. The decomposition temperature of modified polyester fabric (400.5℃) was better than the original polyester fabric (335℃). TG results indicated that the polymer-modified fabric possessed higher thermal stability than the original polyester fabrics. The thermo-physiological comfort of modified polyester fabric was characterized by water contact angle and vertical wicking test. Above the LCST, the wettability of the polymer-modified polyester fabric would decrease because of the volume phase transition of IPN hydrogel. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the modified temperature-sensitive fabric against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was also investigated, and the antibacterial activity for both microorganisms exceeded 95%. This study provided a feasible route to fabricate the temperature-responsive textile with great antibacterial performance.
Synthesis of 4-arylazo-2-(N-pyrazolylcarboxamido)thiophene disperse dyes for dyeing of polyester and their antibacterial evaluation
Authors: Al-Azmi Amal , John Elizabeth
Published: June 2020

The current article aims to synthesize some new arylazo-thiophenes for dyeing polyester fabrics and screen their antimicrobial activities. The new 4-arylazo-2-( N-pyrazolylcarboxamido)-thiophene dyes 4a–e were prepared by the reaction of 2-acetyl-2-arylazo-thioacetanilide derivative 1 with 2-chloro- N-(3-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)acetamide derivative 2. The structures of these prepared analogues were established via Fourier-transform infrared and 1H/13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The synthesized dyestuffs were applied to polyester fabrics after establishing the optimal dyeing conditions at 130 ºC, high pressure, 3% shade, and liquor ratio 20:1 at pH 5. Furthermore, the dyed fabrics obtained under these optimal conditions resulted in proper colorfastness toward washing, rubbing, sublimation and perspiration, and were adequate for light fastness. They showed respectable antibacterial effectiveness against two bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative) bacteria. The dyed fabric with dye 4d displayed the best antibacterial activities with percentage reduction of 88% and 76% against S. aureus and S. typhimurium bacteria, respectively.
Negotiating racialised (un)belonging: Black LGBTQ resistance in Toronto’s gay village
Authors: Rosenberg Rae Daniel
Published: June 2020

This article explores the ways in which homeless Black queer and trans youth embody and perform everyday acts of temporal and spatial resistance in Toronto’s gay village. By analysing interviews, mental maps and photographs from my research with homeless lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and Two-Spirit (LGBTQ2) youth, I present how homeless Black queer and trans youth counter the whiteness and anti-Black racism they frequently experience in the village through acts of remembering and placemaking. Specifically, I argue that despite the small-scale reach of the everyday resistance that manifests in our interviews, temporal and spatial resistance challenge the whitewashing of Toronto’s gay village, which is particularly crucial in a moment when the village is centred in conversations of anti-Black racism in the city’s queer community. Engaging in these forms of everyday resistance illustrates the ways in which homeless Black LGBTQ youth instruct their own placemaking in an otherwise uninhabitably racialised neighbourhood, shift narratives of their experiences in processes of knowledge production and spark processes of their own politicisation and community building.
Tourism Demand Forecasting: A Decomposed Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Zhang Yishuo , Li Gang , Muskat Birgit , Law Rob
Published: June 2020

Tourism planners rely on accurate demand forecasting. However, despite numerous advancements, crucial methodological issues remain unaddressed. This study aims to further improve the modeling accuracy and advance the artificial intelligence (AI)-based tourism demand forecasting methods. Deep learning models that predict tourism demand are often highly complex and encounter overfitting, which is mainly caused by two underlying problems: (1) access to limited data volumes and (2) additional explanatory variable requirement. To address these issues, we use a decomposition method that achieves high accuracy in short- and long-term AI-based forecasting models. The proposed method effectively decomposes the data and increases accuracy without additional data requirement. In conclusion, this study alleviates the overfitting issue and provides a methodological contribution by proposing a highly accurate deep learning method for AI-based tourism demand modeling.
Analyzing the Bidirectional Relationship between Tourism Growth and Economic Development
Authors: Pulido-Fernández Juan Ignacio , Cárdenas-García Pablo Juan
Published: June 2020

After having demonstrated the relationship between tourism and economic growth, tourism-led economic growth (TLGH), and economic-driven tourism growth (EDTG), the scientific literature was concerned with studying the relationship between tourism and economic development, limiting itself to analyzing a possible unidirectional relationship between tourism, economic growth, and economic development.

In this context, the aim of this article is to determine if the relationship between tourism and economic development is bidirectional given that, although tourism can be a tool for economic development, it is also true that a higher level of economic development influences tourism growth. Using a sample of 143 countries, and applying confirmatory factor analysis together with a structural equations model, the bidirectional relationship is confirmed.

Therefore, although tourism growth and economic development face different challenges, if public policies work in a coordinated manner, they may contribute significantly to improving economic development in countries that are configured as tourist destinations.
Clinical impact of multi-parameter continuous non-invasive monitoring in hospital wards: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Lin , Joshi Meera , Khan Sadia N , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara
Published: June 2020

Objective

Delayed response to clinical deterioration as a result of intermittent vital sign monitoring is a cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the clinical impact of multi-parameter continuous non-invasive monitoring of vital signs (CoNiM) in non-intensive care unit patients.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of primary studies. Embase, MEDLINE, HMIC, PsycINFO and Cochrane were searched from April 1964 to 18 June 2019 with no language restriction.

Setting

The search was limited to hospitalised, non-intensive care unit adult patients who had two or more vital signs continuously monitored.

Participants

All primary studies that evaluated the clinical impact of using multi-parameter CoNiM in adult hospital wards outside of the intensive care unit.

Main outcome measures

Clinical impact of multi-parameter CoNiM.

Results

This systematic review identified 14 relevant studies from 3846 search results. Five studies were classified as Group A – associations found between measured vital signs and clinical parameters. Nine studies were classified as Group B – comparison between clinical outcomes of patients with and without multi-parameter CoNiM. Vital signs data from CoNiM were found to associate with type of presenting complaint, level of renal function and incidence of major clinical events. CoNiM also assisted in diagnosis by differentiating between patients with acute heart failure, stroke and sepsis (with sub-clustering of septic patients). In the meta-analysis, patients on multi-parameter CoNiM had a 39% decrease in risk of mortality (risk ratio [RR] 0.61; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.39, 0.95) when compared to patients with regular intermittent monitoring. There was a trend of reduced intensive care unit transfer (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.67, 1.11) and reduced rapid response team activation (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.26–1.43). A trend towards reduced hospital length of stay was also found using weighted mean difference (WMD –3.32 days; 95% CI -8.82–2.19 days).

Conclusion

There is evidence of clinical benefit in implementing CoNiM in non-intensive care unit patients. This review supports the use of multi-parameter CoNiM outside of intensive care unit with further large-scale RCTs required to further affirm clinical impact.
Attitude dynamics aiding for three-dimensional passive target tracking of strap-down seeker based on instrumental variable Kalman filter
Authors: Xiao Yingchao , Zhou Jun , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2020

The accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) passive target tracking under strap-down system is usually affected by the measurement accuracy of attitude angular rate and attitude angle. In order to save the problem, a novel 3D passive target tracking method based on instrumental variable Kalman filter (IVKF) aided by the attitude dynamic is proposed. At first, the maneuvering target motion model is established based on the “current” statistical model and the filtering equation of MEMS inertial measurement unit (IMU) is also set up. Then, linearize the nonlinear state equations and replace the nonlinear measurement equations with pseudolinear equations. The 3D pseudolinear Kalman filter (PLKF) algorithm is derived according to the linear Kalman filter (KF). To counter the severe bias problems with PLKF, bias compensation and recursive instrumental variable (IV) methods are considered. In order to enhance observability of the system, a 3D motion tracking sliding-mode guidance law is deduced. Finally, some mathematical simulations were made to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results show the effect of the measurement accuracy and complexity of the algorithm are reduced, which proves the validity of the method.
A Dissectional Study of the Level of Anterior Commissure of the Larynx
Authors: Ortug Gursel , Liman Zafer , Ortug Alpen
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

Precise knowledge of the level of the vocal fold as projected on the external thyroid cartilage is of critical importance for the performance of many surgical approaches. This study aims to identify the level of the anterior commissure, as well as the lengths of the vocal muscle and arytenoid cartilage in Turkish population.

Materials and Method:

Specimens were collected after autopsy from the Council of Forensic Medicine. One hundred human larynges (52 men, 48 women; age range: 25-80 years) were dissected under a stereomicroscope. Projection of the vocal fold was analyzed in relation to the superior thyroid (A) and the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage (B). Then, the larynx was dissected parallel to the level of the vocal fold to measure the length of the vocal muscle (C) and the length of the interarytenoid space (D).

Results:

The mean value of the “a” was 9.15 ± 1.99 mm in male and 9.38 ± 3.43 mm in female. Mean value of the “b” was 10.54 ± 1.73 mm and 8.88 ± 1.81 mm in male and female, respectively. The mean value of the parameter corresponding the length of vocal muscle which was “c” was found 15.00 ± 3.18 mm in male and 12.88 ± 4.12 mm in female. The mean value of the interarytenoid space “d” was 8.31 ± 1.76 mm in male and 8.13 ± 1.90 mm in female. Comparing between genders, no statistical differences were observed in parameters of a, c, d, a + b, a + b/2 ( P > .05). However, the difference with female and male for the parameters of b and c + d was statistically significant ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that the anterior commissure projects slightly above the midline height for male and at the level to slightly below in female subjects in Turkish population.
Povidone-Iodine Use in Sinonasal and Oral Cavities: A Review of Safety in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Frank Samantha , Capriotti Joseph , Brown Seth M. , Tessema Belachew
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Approaches to nasal and oral decontamination with povidone-iodine (PVP-I) have been published to reduce nosocomial spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The safety of PVP-I topically applied to the nasal and oral cavity is addressed by a literature review. The specific efficacy of PVP-I against coronaviruses and its potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 is discussed.

Methods:

A review was performed utilizing PubMed and Cochrane Databases. All citations in protocols for nasal and oral PVP-I use regarding COVID-19 were independently reviewed.

Results:

Povidone-iodine has been safely administered for up to 5 months in the nasal cavity and 6 months in the oral cavity. Concentrations less than 2.5% in vitro do not reduce ciliary beat frequency or cause pathological changes in ciliated nasal epithelium, upper respiratory, or mucosal cells. Adverse events with oral use have not been reported in conscious adults or children. Allergy and contact sensitivity is rare. Chronic mucosal use up to 5% has not been shown to result in clinical thyroid disease. PVP-I is rapidly virucidal and inactivates coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).

Conclusions:

Povidone-iodine can safely be used in the nose at concentrations up to 1.25% and in the mouth at concentrations up to 2.5% for up to 5 months. Povidone-iodine rapidly inactivates coronaviruses, including SARS and MERS, when applied for as little as 15 seconds. There is optimism that PVP-I can inactivate SARS-CoV-2, but in vitro efficacy has not yet been demonstrated.
Why Otolaryngologists Get Excluded From Medicare and Medicaid
Authors: Gad Bishoy , Warren Christopher , Paskhover Boris
Published: June 2020

The List of Excluded Individuals and Entities (LEIE) is a federally updated and available list of providers who have been excluded from participating from federal healthcare programs. With over 40 year’s worth of exclusion history, we were able to isolate and identify otolaryngologists who were excluded and the most common cause, albeit exceptionally rare, was revocation of their medical license due to negligence.
Pro-Labor Institutions and Corporate Employment Efficiency
Authors: Jung Boochun , Kang Tony , Lee Woo-Jong , Zhou Gaoguang (Stephen)
Published: June 2020

We examine how labor-friendly institutional features (i.e., laborism) relate to corporate investment efficiency in labor in a sample of firms from 33 countries over 1996–2012. We consider three dimensions of laborism—the presence of a left-leaning government, rigidity of employee protection laws, and collectivist culture. Our evidence shows that firms operating in stronger laborism countries make less efficient labor investment decisions, which is consistent with higher labor adjustment costs associated with laborism.
Aspiration and Inspiration: Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage for Toxicity Assessment
Authors: Poitout-Belissent Florence , Grant Shawn N. , Tepper Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2020

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a simple procedure that is used to investigate drug efficacy or lung toxicity. It is sensitive to lung changes and less invasive than histological evaluation. It can be performed repeatedly at interim time points or as a terminal procedure. Airborne contaminants and purposely inhaled compounds, resident and inflammatory cells, as well as different cellular soluble products can be harvested in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) and measured. Bronchoalveolar lavage can also be an important tool to understand drug exposure and its metabolism in the lung, although it should be rigorously performed and interpreted with caution, especially in the context of regulated toxicology studies. This review focuses on the methods and uses of BAL in animal research, primarily in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as for the assessment of drugs, pollutants, and chemical lung toxicity. Methods of collecting and analyzing BALF and parameters affecting variability are discussed in detail. Improved automated methods for cell counting and analysis of the inflammatory cellular differential using hematology analyzers, common markers of lung injury, and new methodologies are described. Correlation between BALF and histological evaluation should not be considered as repetitive but as complementary assessments in the context of efficacy and toxicity studies.
Secondary task type, exposure frequency, and their combined effects on second language vocabulary learning through reading
Authors: Kida Shusaku
Published: June 2020

The type of processing-resource allocation (TOPRA) model predicts that the semantic processing of new second language (L2) words can impede the learning of their forms while structural processing can promote it. Using this framework, the present study examined the effects of processing type (semantic, structural, control), exposure frequency (one exposure, three exposures), and their combination on the learning of new L2 words through reading. Adult Japanese learners of English read a reading text that contained 10 target words, five of them were repeated only one time whereas the other five were repeated three times. They were asked to answer some comprehension questions as their primary task, and the participants in the semantic and structural processing groups were asked to perform the secondary vocabulary processing tasks (pleasantness rating and phonological recording, respectively) to further process target word meanings or forms. The unexpected first language (L1)-to-L2 and L2-to-L1 cued recall were administered. The positive effects of structural processing and exposure frequency were demonstrated in L1-to-L2 cued recall. The results further suggested that effects of vocabulary processing type and exposure frequency vary depending on how vocabulary gain is measured.