bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance and Challenges of Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism in Complex Conditions: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Progress
Authors: Miao Jiacheng , Tang Rui , Du Xing , Chen Bingkui
Published: March 2024

The Planetary Roller Screw Mechanisms (PRSMs), alongside Ball Screw Mechanisms (BSMs) and Electromechanical Actuators (EMAs), occupies a pivotal role in advancing the precision and efficiency of various industrial applications, including aerospace, automotive, and high-precision machining tools. Despite their critical advantages such as high load capacity, superior precision, and extended lifespan, the deployment of PRSMs in complex operational conditions reveals a landscape rife with challenges and opportunities for further research. This comprehensive review endeavors to dissect the multifaceted aspects of PRSMs, focusing on their mechanics and dynamics, tribology and thermal behavior, and the paramount importance of reliability and condition monitoring. By synthesizing current research findings, this paper highlights the significant advancements in understanding the static and dynamic characteristics of PRSMs, the intricate interplay between lubrication conditions and wear mechanisms, and the critical role of thermal effects on operational performance. Moreover, it delves into the dynamic models that address the impact of manufacturing imperfections, such as waviness and defects, on the reliability of these mechanisms. Despite the strides made, the review identifies critical gaps in the existing literature, particularly under conditions of extreme temperatures, large deformations, and multifaceted loads, advocating for a holistic approach to research. By proposing integrated thermo-mechanical models and emphasizing the need for empirical validations, this paper outlines a roadmap for future studies aimed at facilitating the development of more robust and reliable PRSMs, capable of meeting the demands of complex operational scenarios and advancing the field of high-precision applications in aerospace, robotics, and beyond.
Acoustic properties of surfaces covered by multipole resonators
Authors: Kanev Nikolay
Published: March 2024

Different types of resonators are used to create acoustic metameterials and metasurfaces. Recent studies focused on the use of multiple resonators of dipole, quadrupole, octupole and even hexadecapole types. This paper considers the theory of an acoustic metasurface, which is a flat surface with a periodic arrangement of multiple resonators. The sound field reflected by the metasurface is determined. If the distance between the resonators is less than a half the wavelength of the incident plane wave, the far field can be described by a reflection coefficient that depends on the angle of incidence. This allows to characterize the acoustic properties of the metasurface by a homogenized boundary condition, which is a high order tangential impedance boundary condition. The tangential impedance depending on the multiple order of the resonators is introduced. In addition, we analyze sound absorption properties of these metasurfaces, which are a critical factor in determining their performance. The paper presents a theoretical model that accounts for the multiple orders of resonators and their impact on sound absorption. The maximum absorption coefficient for a diffuse sound field, as well as the optimal value for the homogenized impedance, are calculated for arbitrary multipole orders.
Social care institutions workers of the far eastern federal district awareness on HIV-infection and its significance in providing quality services and lowering self-perceived HIV risk
Authors: Taenkova I. O. , Trotsenko O. E. , Balakhontseva L. A. , Taenkova A. A. , Bazykina E. A.
Published: March 2024

Objective of the research: to reveal level of awareness and stigmatizing factors that influence service provision, to disclose self-perceived HIV risk of social care workers and a necessity of planning events targeted at increasing their competence concerning the issues of HIV-infection. Materials and methods: by the means of a structured questionnaire, a sociological research was conducted among 386 specialists of social care institutions of 6 constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal district. Mean age of survey participants was 41.5 years, work experience – 11.2 years. Sociological (survey) and analytical research methods were utilized in the study. Results: HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of main medical and social issues of modern days. Specialists of social care institutions will inevitably meet with people living with HIV during their practice. Their insufficient awareness about HIV transmission route, stigmatization of people living with HIV cause fear and reluctance to work with such recipients of the service. Respondents rated their knowledge on the issue of HIV-infection as satisfactory in 74.7%. All participants were well aware of main routs of HIV transmission however, mother-to-child transmission was known only by 66.1% of respondents. A certain lack of knowl­edge was revealed regarding self-perceived HIV risk as well as anxiety regarding working with HIV-infected clients and high rate of alert when working with HIV-positive colleagues. However, up to 25.7% of respondents expressed their readiness to help people living with HIV. Using condoms, disposable medical instruments and personal hygiene items as well as avoiding intravenous drug use were selected by survey participants as measures of HIV-infection prevention. Conclusion: the results of the research indicate insufficient level of awareness on the issue, because of which a con­clusion can be made that there is a certain degree of stigmatization of clients living with HIV receiving social services, as well as existence of self-perceived occupational vulnerability to HIV among social workers. This reveals a necessity of further surveillance over social workers’ knowledge to define priority topics in order to increase their professional competence on the issue of HIV-infection as well as expediency of holding training seminars for specialists of social care institutions contributing to development of their practical skills in work with HIV-positive clients.
Advanced Refinement Techniques for Optimal Sugar Crystal Production
Authors: Arman Shiva  Haiqa , Hudi Lukman , Akhairunnisa Rahmaniah
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the transformation of sap into crystal sugar, emphasizing the enhancement of sugar quality through meticulous purification processes. The methodology involved a sequential observation of various production stages: milling, refining, evaporation, cooking, and finishing, each integrated with a quality assurance analysis to maintain high product standards. Critical parameters such as Brix, pol, temperature, pH, color balance, phosphate, sulfur content, and turbidity were rigorously monitored. Findings indicate that strategic control of these parameters at the purification stage significantly reduces impurities, thus ensuring the consistency and quality of the final crystal sugar product. The implications of this study suggest that systematic quality controls and precise parameter management may lead to improvements in sugar refinement processes, with potential applications in similar manufacturing environments globally.
Highlights:

Quality assurance: Regular analysis of sap quality ensures consistent production standards.

Purification stage: Vital parameters such as Brix, pH, and color balance are monitored for impurity removal.

Product quality: Maintenance and adjustments based on analysis ensure high-quality crystal sugar output.

Keywords: Crystal Sugar, Cane, Crystallization
Optimizing Power Grid Stability with Enhanced Circuit Breaker Maintenance
Authors: Cahyo Chandra Darmawan Dwi , Ayuni Shazana Dhiya
Published: March 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of maintenance techniques on 20 kV Power Circuit Breakers (PMTs) using the Research and Development (R&D) method. Key performance variables assessed included contact resistance, PMT synchronism, and insulation resistance. Findings revealed that contact resistance for all phases was below 100 µΩ, indicating optimal connectivity. Synchronism testing showed time differences of 0.7 ms during opening and 1.05 ms during closing, both within acceptable limits. Furthermore, insulation resistance exceeded the 20 MΩ standard, confirming the insulation's integrity. These results suggest that regular maintenance using precise measurement techniques ensures the continued reliability and safety of MV electrical delivery systems. Highlights: Rising Electricity Demand: PT PLN (Persero) faces increasing electricity needs. Advanced Protection Solutions: Innovative equipment addresses conventional limitations. Research Insights: Findings ensure safety and reliability in medium voltage systems. Keywords: Contact Resistance, Insulation Resistance, PMCB, Synchronism Testing
Refining Sugar Production Forecasts: Analyzing Forecasting Techniques for Operational Precision
Authors: Andreyanto Muhammad Faisal , Wahyuni Hana Catur
Published: March 2024

This study compares the efficacy of moving averages and double exponential smoothing (Holt's method) in predicting sugar production, using historical data. Results reveal that double exponential smoothing outperforms moving averages, offering more accurate forecasts, particularly in contexts requiring responsiveness to data trends. These findings hold significant implications for enhancing operational efficiency and readiness in the sugar industry, guiding maintenance scheduling and production target achievement.
Highlights:

Double exponential smoothing (Holt's method) surpasses moving averages in accuracy.
Importance of forecasting in operational efficiency and maintenance scheduling.
Applicability of forecasting techniques in the sugar industry context.

Keywords: Forecasting, Moving Average, Sugar Production
Optimizing Supplier Selection in Indonesia Through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Latif Mochamad Iqbal , Wahyuning Hana Catur
Published: March 2024

This study introduces a structured multi-criteria decision-making framework using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), applied to evaluate suppliers based on quality, price, quantity of supply, and plantation area. Effective supplier selection is crucial for maintaining supply chain efficiency. By employing the Expert Choice 11 software, the AHP method quantitatively assessed each criterion, resulting in a definitive ranking of suppliers. The analysis highlighted the paramount importance of quality in supplier selection, assigning it the highest weight (0.565). The outcomes reveal that a meticulous application of AHP significantly enhances decision-making in supplier selection, suggesting its broader applicability in global supply chain management contexts to improve operational efficacy and resilience. Highlights:  Structured Evaluation: The AHP method provides a systematic approach to supplier assessment. Emphasis on Quality: Quality is the dominant criterion in supplier selection with the highest weight. Operational Improvement: Implementing AHP enhances supply chain efficiency and decision accuracy. Keywords: Supplier Selection, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Expert Choice
Evaluasi Pengelolaan Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an dalam Penguatan Hafalan dan Bacaan Siswa di SDIT Muhammadiyah Al-Kautsar
Authors: Alqudsi Zainab
Published: March 2024

Al-Qur’an adalah salah satu mu’jizat yang kekal hingga hari kiamat dan dijaga keasliannya. Ruang lingkup program Al-Qur’an meliputi membaca, menulis, dan menghafal yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan serta meningkatkan kemampuan dalam menguasai bacaan dan hafalannya agar dapat mendukung pelaksanaan ibadah mahdhoh, terutama dalam ayat yang dibacakan dalam sholat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan evaluasi pengelolaan pembelajaran Al-Qur’an dalam penguatan hafalan dan bacaan siswa yang meliputi pengelolaan pembelajaran Al-Qur’an, konsep evaluasi pembelajaran Al-Qur’an, dan model atau metode evaluasi pembelajaran Al-Qur’an. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi aktif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) pengelolaan pembelajaran tahfizh dan iqra’ yang dilakukan sudah efektif dan efisien, hal itu terlihat dari jadwal kegiatan siswa yang sering berinteraksi dengan Al-Qur’an, (2) metode pembelajaran tahfizh dan tahsin mengguanakan metode Muri-Q dan metode iqra’, (3) konsep evaluasi yang digunakan sangat sederhana, efektif dan efesien, dimana perkembangan hafalan dan bacaan siswa akan terus terawasi, (4) model evaluasi yang digunakan adalah model evaluasi CIPP (contexs, input, process, product), (5) hasil evaluasi contexs menunjukan bahwa tujuan yang telah ditentukan oleh sekolah secara umum bisa dicapai.
The efficacy of Case-based learning compared with lecture-based learning in medical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Guo-Xiang , Lu Bing-rui , Shi Xu-ying , Yin Qing , Huang Shu-Hong , Sun Zhi-Gang
Published: March 2024

Objective:
In recent years, the case analysis method has gradually become more and more popular in the field of medical education. This paper comprehensively evaluates and expounds CBL, and evaluates the role of CBL in clinical medicine.
Method:
A comprehensive literature review was conducted to source relevant studies up to November 2023. The electronic databases interrogated included PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. This systematic search was designed to confirm all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that juxtaposed the efficacy of Case-Based Learning (CBL) with that of the conventional Lecture-Based Learning (LBL) across various surgical disciplines. The appraisal of methodological soundness adhered strictly to the protocols stipulated in Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Subsequent meta-analyses were executed utilizing Review Manager 5.4 software, which facilitated an empirical synthesis of the data gleaned from the selected trials.
Result:
A total of 7 RCTs were finally included, with a total sample size of 598 students. The CBL pedagogy significantly increased theoretical knowledge scores (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.26, 95%CI: 0.62 to 1.91, p < 0.0001), student satisfaction (risk ratio = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.66; p = 0.13), technology and skills scores (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.63, p < 0.0001) and overall score (SMD = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.72, p < 0.0001) compared with the LBL teaching model among the dental students. Additionally, a subgroup analysis showed significant differences in the effects of CBL on comprehensive ability scores when comparing theoretical and practical courses.
Conclusions:
Literature was identified by a certain range of reviews to describe their scholarly achievements. The results show that CBL is a positive teaching method in surgical teaching, which can improve clinical ability and student satisfaction. The article provides a framework and suggestions for learning theory for future CBL implementation.
Towards importing renewable hydrogen within planetary boundaries
Authors: Coppitters Diederik , Ghuys Nicolas , Verleysen Kevin , Limpens Gauthier , Jeanmart Hervé , Contino Francesco
Published: March 2024

In pursuit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the European Union plans to annually import ten million tonnes of renewable hydrogen. While the economic viability of hydrogen importation is established, environmental assessments are limited to comparisons and lack an evaluation of absolute sustainability. Therefore, we conducted a multi-objective optimization and absolute sustainability assessment with respect to planetary boundaries under current conditions and future scenarios, considering hydrogen, ammonia, and methane as energy carriers. Under current conditions, absolute sustainability is achievable under utilitarian sharing principles, utilizing hydrogen or ammonia as energy carrier, and relying on wind energy and storage at the source location. Looking ahead, cost-effective import pathways, powered by wind and solar energy, can achieve absolute sustainability from 2030 onward, when the world follows an optimistic sustainability pathway with ambitious climate mitigation targets. To attain absolute sustainability in other scenarios, improved practices and new materials in photovoltaic array design should be prioritized.
Analysis and identification of the common genes and molecular pathways of Systemic lupus erythematosus and Rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Li Siyuan , He Shuyan , Zhang Yan , He Yan , Yi Hongjian , Deng Biao , Huang Yangliang
Published: March 2024

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are diseases that both result from an immune response that does not correctly recognize self-antigens. In fact, the two diseases share a number of clinical manifestations, immunological features, and genetic characterizations. The aim of this study was to identify the common genetic features, immune cell composition, and molecular mechanisms of SLE and RA.
Method
Microarray data for RA and SLE in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) was downloaded. We obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for RA and SLE using ‘limma’ package of R software, and subsequently obtained common DEGs for the intersection of these two diseases. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of these common DEGs were performed. The Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed from Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) 11.0 and then hub genes were screened by Cytoscape. After verification datasets verification, we obtained five top significant genetic factors from the hub genes. Then, the immune cell infiltration characteristics analysis of RA and SLE were performed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) for RA and SLE were acquired from the Human MicroRNA Disease Database (HMDD) and their target genes were to be predicted by miRNA-target interactions database (miRTarbase). The miRNAs–mRNAs network was constructed with intersecting genes and miRNAs. At last, drug candidates for top significant genetic factors were forecasted by the Drug Signature Database (DSigDB).
Results
Using the 'limma' package of R, 232 DEGs for RA, 302 DEGs for SLE, and 52 common DEGs (44 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated) were obtained. Pathway of negative regulation of viral genome replication is most enriched in both RA and SLE. IFI44, IFI44L, IFI6, IFIT3 and PLSCR1 were finally validated as the top significant genetic factors. Dendritic cells activated infiltration was significantly associated with the five top significant genetic factors. The miRNA-mRNA network showed hsa-miR-146a may regulate three top significant genetic factors and play a critical role in RA and SLE.
Conclusions
IFIT3, IFI44, IFI44L, IFI6 and PLSCR1 were identified as relevant genetic markers for the co-occurrence of RA and SLE, which could be considered as promising clues for the treatment of them.
Exciton-Harvesting Enabled Efficient Charged Particle Detection in Zero-Dimensional Halides
Authors: Wu Yuntao , Wang Qian , Wang Chenger , Shi Hongliang , Chen Jie , Beitlerova Alena , Kucerkova Romana , Zhou Zhengyang , Li Yunyun , Nikl Martin , Sun Xilei , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: March 2024

Materials for radiation detection are critically important and urgently demanded in diverse fields starting from fundamental scientific research to medical diagnostics, homeland security, and environmental monitoring. Low-dimensional halides (LDHs) exhibiting efficient self-trapped exciton (STE) emission with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) have recently shown a great potential as scintillators. However, an overlooked issue of exciton-exciton interaction in LDHs under ionizing radiation hinders the broadening of its radiation detection applications. Here, we demonstrate an exceptional enhancement of exciton-harvesting efficiency in zero-dimensional (0D) Cs3Cu2I5:Tl halide single crystals by forming strongly localized Tl-bound excitons. Because of the suppression of non-radiative exciton-exciton interaction, an excellent α/β pulse-shape-discrimination (PSD) figure-of-merit (FoM) factor of 2.64, a superior rejection ratio of 10− 9, and a high scintillation yield of 26 000 photons/MeV under 5.49 MeV α-ray are achieved in Cs3Cu2I5:Tl single crystals, outperforming the commercial ZnS:Ag/PVT composites for charged particle detection applications. Furthermore, a radiation detector prototype based on Cs3Cu2I5:Tl single crystals demonstrates the capability of identifying radioactive 220Rn gas for environmental radiation monitoring applications. We believe that exciton-harvesting strategy proposed here can greatly boost the applications of LDHs materials.
Parsing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbial Genes Simultaneously from Metagenome by a Novel Analysis Workflow
Authors: zhang wei , Han Guomin , Zheng Yanmei , He Xingbing
Published: March 2024

Accurately predicting coding genes from metagenomic samples containing a high proportion of eukaryotic content is a current challenge. Noval reliable methods for the simultaneous prediction of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial genes could make contribution to the task. Our group evaluated gene prediction accuracy for various single organisms using MetaGeneMark and MetaEuk pipelines. Based upon the results, an innovative analysis workflow was devised. Our approach involves initially predicting eukaryotic genes using MetaEuk, followed by masking of predicted eukaryotic and partial prokaryotic genes via a Perl program. The subsequent prediction of remaining prokaryotic genes is conducted using MetaGeneMark or metaProdigal. By combining the advantages of both types of software, the new workflow achieved similar quantities and average lengths of eukaryotic genes compared to using MetaEuk alone, while the quantity of predicted prokaryotic genes and viral genes using the new workflow was 14–18% higher compared to using standalone prokaryotic gene prediction software alone. The new workflow effectively enables the rapid and precise retrieval of coding sequences from metagenomes.
A retrospective study of Kinesio Taping in rectus abdominis diastasis treatment and abdominal circumference improvement in postpartum women
Authors: Shi Wei , Niu Xiaoyu , Chen Yueyue , Chen Yu , Huang Xiaoyun , Yu Xiaojuan
Published: March 2024

Background: Rectus abdominis diastasis (RAD)is the key of rehabilitation in postpartum women. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Kinesio Taping (KT) in RAD treatment and abdominal changes.
Methods:Medical records of women with RAD who received KT treatment at the hospital were reviewed. A total of 138 women were included and their demographic characteristics were reviewed, including data before and after RAD treatment, abdominal circumference at the umbilicus and above and below the umbilicus, distance from the xiphoid to the umbilicus, distance from the umbilicus to the pubic symphysis.
Results: The width of RAD decreased from 4.58 ± 1.74 cm to 2.33 ± 0.90 cmafter KT treatment (t = P < 0.001) compared to before treatment. After treatment, the rates of women with normal, mild, moderate, and severe RAD were 28.1%, 44.6%, 26.6% and 0.7%, respectively, which showed statistical significance (P < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed in theabdominal circumference reduction at the umbilicus andabove and below umbilicus before and after KT treatment. However, no statistically significant difference was noted in terms of the changes in the distance from the umbilicus to the pubic symphysis. Astatistically significant difference was demonstrated between distance from the umbilicus to the pubicsymphysis and severity between cured and noncured groups.
Conclusions: Preliminary analysis results showed a positive effect of KT treatment in the promotion of RAD recovery and improving abdominal circumference dimension. Furthermore, RAD was positively correlated with a lower abdominal circumference and anterior abdominal injury.
Single-cell RNA sequencing combined with mendelian randomization analysis identifies putatively causal genes associated with Gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Yuan , Jia Li-hua , Yu Wei-ming , Yang Mian
Published: March 2024

To examine the potential causal genes for gastric cancer (GC) susceptibility and effective disease prognosis biomarkers. In this research, public single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were applied to analyze different cell types and to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) was employed to integrate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to investigate potential genes that causally associated with GC. Besides, a systematic SMR analysis with methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) was conducted to reveal the methylation regulatory relationship of GC-related pathogenic genes. In addition, bioinformatic tools including GeneMANIA, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), KM-plotter and immune infiltration analysis were used to further explore the biological mechanisms and functions of the candidate genes in GC. Seven cell types and 1707 cell type-specific DEGs were identified by scRNA-seq analysis. Using the SMR and HEIDI test, we screened out 9 genes by integrating GWAS with eQTL analysis from gastric tissue and 26 genes from whole blood. Based on the DEGs identified by scRNA-seq and SMR analysis, 4 positively related genes(HLA-DQB1、PSMB9、RPS18 and TAF1C)were prioritized as candidate GC-causal genes.KM-plotter indicated that aberrant expression of the candidate genes was significantly associated with the prognosis of GC patients. Immune infiltration analysis provides a theoretical basis for these candidate genes to become potential immunotherapeutic targets. These findings may give novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of GC and provide potential biomarkers for therapeutic interventions of GC.
Emulating Brain-like Rapid Learning in Neuromorphic Edge Computing
Authors: Stewart Kenneth , Neumeier Michael , Shrestha Sumit Bam , Orchard Garrick , Neftci Emre
Published: March 2024

Achieving personalized intelligence at the edge with real-time learning capabilities holds enormous promise to enhance our daily experiences and assist in decision-making, planning, and sensing.
Yet, today's technology encounters difficulties with efficient and reliable learning at the edge, due to a lack of personalized data, insufficient hardware capabilities, and the inherent challenges posed by online learning.

Over time and across multiple developmental phases, the brain has evolved to efficiently incorporate new knowledge by gradually building on previous knowledge.
In this work, we emulate this process in digital neuromorphic technology emulating the neural and synaptic processes of the brain by means of two stages of learning.
Initially, a meta-training phase trains the learning hardware's hyperparameters for one-shot learning by deploying a differentiable simulation of local three-factor synaptic plasticity rules implemented in the neuromorphic chip.
This meta-training process refines the synaptic plasticity and related hyperparameters to align with the specific dynamics inherent in the hardware and the given task domain.
During the subsequent deployment stage, these optimized hyperparameters enable fast, data-efficient and accurate learning of new classes.
We demonstrate our approach using event-driven vision sensor data and the Intel Loihi neuromorphic processor with its plasticity dynamics, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy on learning new categories in one-shot in real-time among three distinct task domains.
Our methodology can be deployed with arbitrary plasticity models and can be applied to situations demanding quick learning and adaptation at the edge, such as navigating unfamiliar environments, or learning unexpected categories of data through user engagement.
Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer: A multicenter retorospective ovservational study (NAPOLEON-2)
Authors: Kodama Tomoko , Imajima Takashi , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Otsuka Taiga , Kawahira Masahiro , Nakazawa Junichi , Hori Takeshi , Shibuki Taro , Arima Shiho , Ido Akio , Miwa Keisuke , Okabe Yoshinobu , Koga Futa , Ueda Yujiro , Kubotsu Yoshihito , Shimokawa Hozumi , Takeshita Shigeyuki , Nishikawa Kazuo , Komori Azusa , Otsu Satoshi , Hosokawa Ayumu , Sakai Tatsunori , Sakai Kenji , Oda Hisanobu , Kawahira Machiko , Arita Shuji , Honda Takuya , Taguchi Hiroki , Tsuneyoshi Kengo , Kawaguchi Yasunori , Fujita Toshihiro , Sakae Takahiro , Shirakawa Tsuyoshi , Mizuta Toshihiko , Mitsugi Kenji
Published: March 2024

Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid (NFF) is a standard regimen after gemcitabine-based therapy for patients with unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer. However, there are limited clinical data on its efficacy and safety in the real-world. We therefore initiated a retrospective and prospective observational study (NAPOLEON-2). The results of the retrospective part were reported herein. In this retrospective study, we evaluated 161 consecutive patients who received NFF as second-or-later-line regimen. The main endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the other endpoints were response rate, disease control rate, progression-free survival (PFS), dose intensity, and adverse events (AEs). The median age was 67 years (range, 38–85 years). The median OS and PFS were 8.1 and 3.4 months, respectively. The objective response and disease control rates were 5% and 52%, respectively. The median relative dose intensity was 81.6% for nanoliposomal irinotecan and 82.9% for fluorouracil. Grade 3 or 4 hematological and nonhematological AEs occurred in 47 and 42 patients, respectively. Common grade 3 or 4 AEs included neutropenia (24%), anorexia (12%), and leukocytopenia (12%). Subanalysis of patients treated with second-line and third-or-later-line demonstrated no statistical significant difference in OS (7.6 months vs. 9.1 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–1.35;p= 0.68). In conclusion,NFF has acceptable efficacy and safety profile even in real-world clinical settings. The prospective study is in progress to validate these findings.
The effects of AgNO3 combined with temperature stress on the transcriptome of Gentiana rigescens and the accumulation of gentiopicroside
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Chunyu , Wang Mengqi , Gu Yunxia , Zhou Xuhong , Liu Xiaoli
Published: March 2024

The root and rhizome of Gentiana rigescens are used as important traditional Chinese medicine and ethno medicine, with gentiopicroside is the major bioactive compounds. In order to explore the effects of temperature and heavy metals stress on the gentiopicroside, we investigated the accumulation of gentiopicroside and the transcriptional response of G. rigescens when exposed to a combination of AgNO3 and temperature stress. AgNO3 (100 µmol/L) was sprayed onto sterile Gentiana rigescens seedlings and cultured at three temperatures (22°C, 10°C and 34°C); control plants were sprayed with sterile water and cultured at 22°C. Gentiopicroside levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the differential expression of genes in the gentiopicroside biosynthesis pathway in response to different treatments was analyzed by an IIIumina Hiseq 6000 system. Analysis showed that the levels of gentiopicroside in response to a combination of AgNO3 and temperature treatment were significantly higher than that of those in the control; the 100µmol/L AgNO3 and 10°C treatment group had the highest levels of gentiopicroside. A total of 135 197 unigenes were identified by transcriptome sequencing, with an average length of 1351 base pairs (bp). A total of 238 unigenes, encoding 19 key enzymes, were identified in the gentiopicroside biosynthesis pathway. The combination of 100µmol/L AgNO3 and 10°C treatment led to the largest number of differentially expressed transcription factors when compared with the control. Our research provides key biological information for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of gentiopicroside in response to the combination of AgNO3 and temperature stress.
Transient Pulsed Discharge Preparation of Graphene Aerogel Supported Asymmetric Cu Cluster Catalysts Promote CO2 Reduction to Ethanol
Authors: Chen Wenxing , Liu Kaiyuan , Shen Hao , Sun Zhiyi , Zhou Qiang , Liu Guoqiang , Sun Zhongti , Gao Xin , Chen Pengwan
Published: March 2024

Precisely designing asymmetrical structure is an efficient strategy to optimize the performance of metallic catalysts for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reactions. Herein, a transient high-density current induced by pulsed discharge is used to rapidly construct graphene aerogel (GAs) supported asymmetric Cu cluster catalysts. Cu atoms decomposed by CuCl2 are converged on graphene surfaces in GAs together with oxygen originating from the intense current and instantaneous high temperature. The atomic and electronic structures of Cu nanoclusters exhibit asymmetric distribution due to lattice distortion and O-doping in Cu crystals. Typically, in CO2 reduction reactions, the selectivity and activity of ethanol are related to the asymmetric structure and strong interfacial interaction of Cu-O/C moieties, exhibiting an ideal Faradaic efficiency (ethanol 75.3% and C2+ products 90.5%) at -1.1 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Meanwhile, the benefit of the strong interaction between Cu nanoclusters and GA supports, the catalyst exhibits long-term stability. In situ XAFS reveals that the Cu4-Cu/C2O1 interaction displays the effective active sites in CO2RR. The pathways of corresponding products and the reaction mechanism on Cu4-Cu/C2O1 moieties are revealed through the in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the calculation of density functional theory. This work gives a new solution to solve the challenge for balancing the activity and stability of asymmetric-structure catalysts toward energy conversion reactions.
RETRACTED: Exploring Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Inter-Domain Ecological Networks of biological community in a Marine Ranching Habitat: Implications for fishery resources conservation
Authors: Lei Zeng , Guobao Chen , Tingting Zheng , Yuxiang Chen , jie Yu , Wuhui Li
Published: March 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Identification and validation of M2 macrophage-related differential genes in DLBCL
Authors: Cui Hongxia , Lou Xiaoli , Wang Zhiming , Xia Wei , Zhang Yongsheng , Sui Yiqun , Zhang Xinyun , Li Bingzong
Published: March 2024

DLBCL is the most prevalent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with 30-40% of patients are refractory or relapse after conventional immunotherapy. Growing evidence indicate that alterations in tumor microenvironment (TME) play a pivotal role in DLBCL progression, including polarization of macrophages to M2 phenotype, fostering tumor immunosuppressive status. Therefore, exploring molecular TME biomarkers in DLBCL is essential.
In this study, we analyzed association between M2 macrophages with gene expression by CIBERSORT algorithm in 420 samples from the GSE10846 dataset.
GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed these differential genes involving in cytokine-mediated signaling pathways and cytokine activity. Univariate COX regression analysis determined 28 prognostic-related differential genes, with Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1a) being positively correlated.
A LASSO logistic regression model was then established with superior sensitivity and specificity. High-risk patients exhibited worse outcomes and GSEA analysis identified several pathways associated with the low-risk group, involving cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.
Moreover, risk scores were significantly correlated with immune checkpoint genes.
RT-qPCR and immunostaining analyses on clinical sample and co-culture experiments further confirmed the downregulation of HIF1a in samples with higher content of M2 macrophages and adverse prognosis.
These findings highlight the importance of M2 macrophages and MDGs in DLBCL prognosis and suggest the potential clinical utility in predicting patient outcomes.
Liquiritin Ameliorates Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in SD Rats by Inhibiting NLRP3-MMP-9- mediated Reversal of Aquaporin-4 Polarity in The Glymphatic System
Authors: Jia Shuai-ying , Li Jiang , Xu Wen-mei , Yan Wei , Lin Jing-yan
Published: March 2024

Despite advancements in diabetes treatment, the management of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) remains challenging. Our previous research indicated a significant correlation between the expression and distribution of Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the spinal glymphatic system and PDN. However, the potential role and mechanism of liquiritin in PDN treatment remain uncertain. This study established a rat model of PDN using a combination of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-fat, high-sugar diet. Rats were treated with liquiritin and MCC950 (an NLRP3 inhibitor). We monitored fasting blood glucose, body weight, and mechanical allodynia periodically. The glymphatic system's clearance function was evaluated using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and changes in proteins including NLRP3, MMP-9, and AQP4 were detected through immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques. The results indicate that after treatment, PDN rats showed improvements in all measured parameters. Consequently, liquiritin may alleviate PDN by modulating AQP4 expression through the NLRP3-MMP-9 pathway.
Deep Learning for Green Chemistry: An AI-Enabled Pathway for Biodegradability Prediction and Organic Material Discovery
Authors: Gbadago Dela Quarme , Hwang Gyuyeong , Lee Kihwan , Hwang Sungwon
Published: March 2024

The increasing global demand for eco-friendly products is driving innovation in sustainable chemical synthesis, particularly the development of biodegradable substances. Herein, a novel method utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the biodegradability of organic compounds is presented, overcoming the limitations of traditional prediction methods that rely on laborious and costly density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We propose leveraging readily available molecular formulas and structures represented by simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) notation and molecular images to develop an effective AI-based prediction model using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, including deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM) learning algorithms, capable of extracting meaningful molecular features and spatiotemporal relationships. The model is further enhanced with reinforcement learning (RL) to better predict and discover new biodegradable materials by rewarding the system for identifying unique and biodegradable compounds. The combined CNN-LSTM model achieved an 87.2% prediction accuracy, outperforming CNN- (75.4%) and LSTM-only (79.3%) models. The RL-assisted generator model produced approximately 60% valid SMILES structures, with over 80% being unique to the training dataset, demonstrating the model's capability to generate novel compounds with potential for practical application in sustainable chemistry. The model was extended to develop novel electrolytes with desired molecular weight distribution.
Evaluating the Performance and Robustness of PIR and QIR Maintenance strategies Using Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Cheikh Khamiss , Boudi EL Mostapha , Rabi Rabi , Mokhliss Hamza
Published: March 2024

In the literature, maintenance plan efficacy is often assessed based on the long-term predicted maintenance cost rate, indicating a performance-centric approach. However, this criteria doesn't account for the fluctuation in maintenance costs over renewal cycles, and typical solutions may not be adequate from a risk management standpoint, a robustness viewpoint. This study tries to rethink standard solutions considering both performance and robustness, and thus, offer more suitable maintenance options.Specifically, using the long-term expected maintenance cost rate as the performance metric and the variance of maintenance cost per renewal cycle as the robustness metric, the study examines two representatives of time-based and condition-based maintenance approaches: a block replacement strategy and a periodic inspection and replacement strategy. Mathematical cost models are created based on the homogeneous Gamma degradation process and probability theory.Comparative study of both maintenance techniques demonstrates that the higher-performing approach carries a larger amount of risk. Consequently, a full examination of both performance and resilience is required in selecting a more dependent maintenance option. These maintenance solutions, together with the employment of the Monte Carlo Method, are contrasted against each other using a unique criteria that analyzes the degree of performance and robustness of each adaptation in maintenance decision-making.
The structural studies of Escherichia coli CyaY at ambient and cryogenic temperatures
Authors: DeMirci Hasan , Shafiei Alaleh , Baldir Nilufer , Destan Ebru , Na Jongbum , Kim Jin Hae
Published: March 2024

Frataxin is a 23 KDa mitochondrial iron-binding protein that is involved in biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters. A deficiency in frataxin can lead to Friedreich's ataxia, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The bacterial ortholog of eukaryotic mitochondrial frataxin, CyaY, is thought to play a role in iron-sulfur cluster assembly as an iron supplier, making it an important target for study. Here, we present the first ambient temperature X-ray crystal structure of CyaY protein from Escherichia coli, obtained using the Turkish Light Source “Turkish DeLight”. Furthermore, we determined the cryogenic structure under the same experimental conditions, allowing a detailed comparison between the two structures. This study reveals the structural characteristics of CyaY at near-to-physiological temperature and highlights the importance of temperature dependency in protein structure characterization and providing new insights into protein dynamics.
Surface hydrodynamic variations and their forcing mechanisms over the past ~412,000 years from the western equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Kumar Brijesh , Govil Pawan , Agrawal Shailesh , Kumar Pankaj , Verma Divya , Khan Hidayatullah
Published: March 2024

Indian Ocean's tropical region receives the most insulation and is influenced by factors such as the intensity of trade winds, global walker circulations, and teleconnections. The western equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO) is crucial for studying the variability of Indian monsoons in the past. To better understand the changes in mixed layer hydrodynamics and productivity over the past ~ 412 ka, we examined the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (G. ruber) oxygen and carbon isotope record (δ18OG.ruber, δ13CG.ruber) in core VM29045-PC taken from the WEIO (6° 00’ S, 69° 02’ E; 2860 m water depth). The chronology was established using five radiocarbon (14C) dates and δ18OG.ruber compared with global isostack LR04. The values of δ18OG.ruber were lower during Marine isotopic stage (MIS )11, MIS 5, and MIS 1, indicating higher SST, precipitation, and a strong summer monsoon. In contrast, MIS 10 and MIS 2 showed much higher values corresponding to cool and dry periods. The cooling intensities and interstadial cycles in MIS 10 and MIS 2 would be due to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)/ equatorial westerly wind variability. The record (δ18OG.ruber and δ13CG.ruber) was compared globally with the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP), Southern Agulhas Bank (SAB), and southeast Atlantic (SEA), which showed coherency with Indian and other Ocean basins and interstadial warming during the glacial periods MIS 10 and MIS 2. It showed less cooling during MIS 6, MIS 8, and lower productivity. Higher productivity was observed during mid-MIS 10 and 9, and MIS 3 − 1, corresponding to higher δ13CG.ruber values.
Can Airflow Manipulation Disrupt the Transmission of COVID-19 Variants and Highly Infectious Droplets?
Authors: Saad Mina A. , Hassan Amr Ali , Hanafy Ahmed A. , Salem Mahmoud H. , William Micheal A.
Published: March 2024

In the ongoing battle against new variants of COVID-19 and airborne-transmitted diseases, the focus on indoor air quality, particularly in enclosed spaces, has intensified. This study utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling to investigate how different air distribution setups can impact the spread of airborne COVID-19 particles. Air distribution systems are at the forefront of this research, specifically examining supply and exhaust diffuser placements and their effects on droplet dispersion dynamics. Results reveal a promising reduction (10–21%) in residual droplet mass over a 10-second period when exhaust diffusers are strategically located above cough sources. This underscores the pivotal role of ventilation design in curbing airborne transmission. Furthermore, the analysis sheds light on variations (2.7–8.9%) in droplet Sauter mean diameter across different configurations, underscoring the significance of airflow patterns in dictating droplet size distribution and infection control efficacy. The study also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social distancing measures, showcasing a substantial decrease (82–89%) in viral concentration at a 2-meter distance, despite ventilation imperfections. In summary, this study highlights the critical role of ventilation design in combating airborne COVID-19 transmission within office environments. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing airflow patterns, enhancing overall safety measures, and informing effective strategies to tackle the pandemic.
Permeability of tight carbonate rocks from sensitivity-driven Evolutionary Polynomial Regression
Authors: Gomes Ruan G. S. , Gomes Guilherme J. C. , Vrugt Jasper , Vargas Euripedes
Published: March 2024

The permeability (K) of tight carbonate rocks is important to maximize the efficiency of hydrocarbon production and overall reservoir management. While such property is crucial for engineering design, conducting experimental tests to determine K can be both time-consuming and expensive. As such, reliable and high-fidelity models derived with soft computing techniques become useful for estimating K. Using a data set containing samples from 130 data points published in the literature, this work developed a sensitivity-driven evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) model to predict K. The model computes the permeability, log10K (mD), as a function of three explanatory variables: porosity, ϕ (-), formation factor, F (-), and the characteristic pore throat diameter, dPT (m). One unique feature of our approachis that it considers the physical meaning of the variables that influence the investigated phenomenon during the construction of the model. Verification of the methodology was carried out using split-sampling cross-validation. The developed model showed attributes such as parsimony (lower number of parameters and input variables), good predictive capability (accurate tracking observed log10K), generalization ability (preserving physical meaning), and robustness (consistent performance under cross-validation). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the model can adequately simulate the increase in K with increasing ϕ and dPT, as well as its capacity to capture the non-linear relationship between log10K and F. Comparison of simulated K-values with results of models published in the literature, further validated the ability of our optimum EPR model structure. The proposed model shows potential as a promising method to estimate the permeability of tight carbonate rocks.