bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Understanding the TVET game”
Authors: Black Sara
Published: April 2022

This case study examines the management practices of False Bay College (FBC), a TVET college deemed ‘successful’ by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), asking what local practices support this success. However, rather than seeking a-contextualised ‘best practice’ to transfer to other colleges, the case study takes a relational Bourdieusian approach as a language of description, analysing decision-making in relation to the broader contours of power and structure. In doing so, I seek to locate ‘strategy’ back into a dynamic conversation with context. Bourdieu’s framework offers a rich conceptual apparatus for considering not just False Bay, but the state of relations in the broader TVET field and how vocational education is positioned against both basic education and broader political economic forces. In considering the ‘logic of practice’ underpinning FBC’s institutional organisingand decision-making, the chapter asks how these broader practices support both ‘open learning’ as a policy imperative from DHET, as well as broader social justice concerns (cf. Nancy Fraser’s approach, the overarching framework for the Cases of Open Learning, of which this study is one). The case study’s findings suggest that institutional arrangements and activities are not specific to open learning, but aregeneric features of leadership and decision-making practice that strategise within the prevailing TVET field and its policy and resource constraints. That these practices are historically and contextually specific suggests that there is no ‘silver bullet’ to learn from FBC that would transfer to other TVET colleges without significant change in the broader educational field in South Africa.
Sosialisasi Undang-Undang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan Sebagai Sarana Pendidikan Pajak Siswa Smk Poncol Jakarta
Authors: Nurdialy Mela , Hidayati Aulia , Pratiwi Ratih
Published: April 2022

Early tax education for school students needs to be carried out to increase awareness and tax compliance. Vocational High School (SMK) students are part of the younger generation of future taxpayers. In 2021, there will be changing tax regulations with the Harmonization of Tax Law (UU HPP). The Lecturer of the Accounting Study Program at the Vocational School of IPB held community service activities by socializing the UU HPP to students majoring in Accounting at SMK Poncol Jakarta. This activity aims to increase the understanding of taxation, especially income tax and Value Added Tax, for students at SMK Poncol Jakarta. The implementation of activities uses lecture and simulation methods and evaluates activities through pre-test and post-test questionnaires to determine the success of tax socialization. Based on the test results, After the tax socialization, 90.7% of students answered that they understood about PPh and VAT; 91.67% of students know income tax (PPh), and there are 86.25% of students know VAT. Generally, tax socialization activities increase students’ understanding of taxes and UU HPP.
Upaya Mendukung Global Goals Melalui Pelatihan Budidaya Maggot Sebagai Alternatif Pakan Ikan Pada Kelompok Wanita Econatural di Kota Makassar
Authors: Kaslam Kaslam , Budiman Nur Azizah Lutfiah , Anggriani Ema , Adiba Farah
Published: April 2022

The global goals proclaimed by world leaders contain three main problems to be solved, namely poverty, inequality and the environment which are translated into 17 sustainable development goals. These seventeen programs can only be realized if people at the local level can actively participate in utilizing their potential. One small step at the local level that can be implemented is a training program on maggot cultivation as an alternative to fish feed by involving women. Maggot which is the larvae of the BSF fly has many benefits for both the economic sector and the environment. There are at least four global goals programs that are very relevant to this community service activity, namely eradicating poverty, reducing hunger, gender equality and responsible consumption and production. Maggot cultivation can be an alternative business activity for the community which is very profitable. Maggot as a quality feed for livestock indirectly contributes to food production so that it can inhibit the rate of hunger in the community. Not only men, women can also be involved in this activity, so that gender equality can be realized. In addition, maggot is also a responsible link in the production and consumption process because it is in line with environmental sustainability, namely breaking down waste to produce various kinds of organic products. Thus, maggot cultivation can be a productive alternative for the community.
Pelatihan Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda dalam Menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa Stia Setih Setio Muara Bungo
Authors: Tarjo Tarjo , Tarjo Yasmir
Published: April 2022

Research is a scientific work for final year students, therefore students are required to be able to analyze research data. The preparation of scientific papers for final year students is still constrained in terms of data processing using statistics, thus submitting it to other parties. Therefore, assistance and training are needed using an application, one of which is SPSS to analyze multiple linear regression. The obstacle faced by students so far is analyzing data with statistics. This method of community service by training and mentoring students of the business administration study program at the Setih Setio Muara Bungo School of Administration in completing the final project, targeted 30 participants, but 54 people registered. The results of this training show that it is useful to complete the task, the success rate of this training is 81.4%. In the future, there should be more practice in class so that students don't forget when doing research.
New Topological Operator over Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Atanassov Krassimir T.
Published: April 2022

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are one of the fuzzy set extensions. Over them, a lot of operations, relations, and operators are introduced. A part of the operators defined over IFSs are topological ones. In this paper, a new topological operator is defined, some of its properties are studied, and some open problems related to it are given.
 
Received: 10 March 2022 | Revised: 17 April 2022 | Accepted: 20 April 2022
 
Conflicts of Interest
Krassimir T. Atanassov is an associate editor for Journal of Computational and Cognitive Engineering, and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND TELEREHABILITATION REQUIREMENT- TURKEY STUDY
Authors: GÜN Neslişah , GÜN Mahmut Fevzi
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study was planned in order to determine the people who need physiotherapy and rehabilitation in Turkey and who may encounter obstacles in accessing services by investigating the population characteristics and to discuss the appropriateness of telerehabilitation services for these people and the need to integrate them into the health system.

Method: In October 2020, information pages of official institutions and organizations in Turkey were scanned. The general demographic indicators of the Turkish people by years, addiction and mobilization levels, major diseases in the population and the number of hospital admissions were investigated and recorded.

Results: In Turkey, the elderly population is increasing every year, and with the increase in the elderly population, the dependency ratio and the incidence of chronic diseases increase. While hospital admissions have increased each year, they have decreased during the COVID 19 period. According to the characteristics of the Turkish population, the number of people who need physiotherapy and rehabilitation is high. It is expected that the need will increase and there will be problems in accessing rehabilitation services in the coming years.

Conclusion: In societies that are aging and have barriers to access to health services, the need for telerehabilitation applications will increase. In these societies, telerehabilitation practices should be integrated into the health system
Animal Classification Using CNN with VGG-16 Architecture
Authors: Samiya Khan  , Sanjana Singh  , Sadaf Almas  , Prof. Abdul Razzaque
Published: April 2022

Proficient and solid observing of wild animals right at their habitat is fundamental. This venture fosters a calculation to distinguish the animals in untamed life. Since there are enormous number of various animals physically recognizing them can be a troublesome task. This calculation orders animals in light of their pictures so we can screen them all the more effectively. Animal recognition and grouping can assist with forestalling creature vehicle mishaps, follow animal and forestall robbery. This can be accomplished by applying powerful profound learning algorithms. It shows that the proposed procedure positively affect arrangement exactness.
Wind Analysis of a Multi Storied Structure
Authors: Mr. Mayur B. Wanjari  , Prof. G. D. Dhavale  , Prof. R. S. Kedar
Published: April 2022

Due to growing population and plenty much less availability of land, multistoried homes are constructed that could serve many people in a whole lot much less vicinity. purpose of this challenge is to evaluation and designs (G+13) multistory building the usage of E-TABS. targets are to offer right recognition concerning proper format and info of the constructing. planning is finished the usage of AutoCAD, Designs has included Load calculations, manually and the structure is evaluation using E-TABS. Codes refer for those tasks are NBC IS (456-2000). Concrete blend use is M30. The metal power for all individuals is of grade Fe-415 & Fe500. For reading the shape, the masses are very vital which can be calculated using IS (875). The restriction kingdom technique is the technique which has been followed. The manual design is a difficult technique and consumes extra time. The challenge motive is to offer the general experience inside the region of planning, layout and to gain the knowledge in a practical way.
Remote Quantification of the Trophic Status of Chinese Lakes
Authors: Li Sijia , Xu Shiqi , Song Kaishan , Kutser Tiit , Wen Zhidan , Liu Ge , Shang Yingxin , Lyu Lili , Tao Hui , Wang Xiang , Zhang Lele , Chen Fangfang
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Assessing eutrophication in lakes is of key importance, as this parameter constitutes a major aquatic ecosystem integrity indicator. The trophic state index (TSI), which is widely used to quantify eutrophication, is a universal paradigm in scientific literature. In this study, a methodological framework is proposed for quantifying and mapping TSI using the Sentinel Multispectral Imager sensor and fieldwork samples. The first step of the methodology involves the implementation of stepwise multiple regression analysis of the available TSI dataset to find some band ratios, such as blue/red, green/red, and red/red, which are sensitive to lake TSI. Trained with in situ measured TSI and match-up Sentinel images, we established the XGBoost of machine learning approaches to estimate TSI, with good agreement (R2 = 0.87, slope = 0.85) and fewer errors (MAE = 3.15 and RMSE = 4.11). Additionally, we discussed the transferability and applications of XGBoost in three lake classifications: water quality, absorption contribution, and reflectance spectra types. We selected the XGBoost to map TSI in 2019–2020 with good quality Sentinel-2 Level-1C images embedded in ESA to examine the spatiotemporal variations of the lake trophic state. In a large-scale observation, 10-m TSI products from investigated 555 lakes in China facing eutrophication and unbalanced spatial patterns associated with lake basin characteristics, climate, and anthropogenic activities. The methodological framework proposed herein could serve as a useful resource toward a continuous, long-term, and large-scale monitoring of lake aquatic ecosystems, supporting sustainable water resource management.
The The dialogic nature of regulation in collaborative digital argumentative writing practices
Authors: Paba Zuany Luz , Diana De Castro Daza  , Nancy Ramírez Roncancio
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the dialogic nature of regulating perspectives on a controversial topic during students’ argumentative writing in remote teaching. The emerging collaborative writing processes mediated by digital technology are importantly changed as responses to physical distancing in education, as demanded by the measures of biosecurity established by the national government to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Our analysis is framed in a sociocultural perspective, which contributes to our understanding of the concepts related to dialogism, regulation, positionings on a topic, collaborative writing, and digital technology as a tool for dialogic interaction. Our qualitative, idiographic study analyzes the argumentative utterances produced by a dyad of students enrolled in a Textual Production course at a Colombian public university who write a critical commentary over four (4) weeks using Google Docs application. The findings indicate that the participants discuss and negotiate decisions in the group writing situation and that during this dialogic interaction, the ideas are influenced by the thoughts of the other. When they communicate with each other, their discourses regulate their positionings on the social situation that is the subject of the dialogue. It is also possible to identify both the possibilities of the pedagogical mode and its potential limitations for dialogic interaction, which synchronously and asynchronously facilitate or restrict the performance of the joint writing activity. It can be concluded that within the framework of remote teaching, digital technology has become a flexible mode of pedagogical practice that supports dialogic interaction, enables regulation among peers for discussion, negotiation, and positioning on a topic, and facilitates the construction of collective knowledge that emerges in argumentative collaborative writing.
Early childhood teachers’ beliefs and practices about the inclusion of children with Autism in Jamaica
Authors: Bariffe Camielle , Pittas Evdokia
Published: April 2022

In view of the need for more cross-sectional studies in different socio-geographical contexts to investigate teachers’ perceptions regarding inclusion, the present study sets to explore early childhood teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion in a context where research on this topic is limited; Kingston, Jamaica. The target group consisted of nine (N=9) early childhood teachers working with children with Autism in an established pre-primary inclusive setting. Teachers’ qualitative responses, elicited through semi-structured interviews, were analysed through Content Analysis. Results showed that teachers generally uphold positive beliefs towards inclusion. A key theme that emerged from the data is that in-service training and teaching experience positively influence practices and beliefs as well as differentiated instruction. This study makes theoretical and practical educational contributions. The research provides an understanding of inclusion in Jamaica and contributes to the limited body of literature available on Autism in the country. In practice, this study contributes to policy decision-making in the attempt of facilitating greater in-service training within early childhood institutions in order to develop the skills of educators and facilitate greater inclusive principles.
L18R a peptide with potential against melanoma
Authors: Eric Almeida Xavier  , Fabrício Castro Machado
Published: April 2022

Peptides have fantastic functions like defensins that make up the natural defense in different species from vertebrates to bacteria. Another fantastic example are prions that cause transmissible diseases devoid of nucleic acid. So, because of their high specificity, peptides can be used for different therapeutic goals. In this work we describe in vitro action of a peptide named L18R this sequence is part of a group of four distinct sequences that were previously tested and showed activity against fungi and tumors, which motivated us to investigate this activity against murine B16F10 melanoma. Thus, has been demonstrated that L18R had activity against tumor, for interfering in cell viability, migration and in cell cycle. To conclude, the present work suggests a functional molecule against tumor.
Rizobakteri Uygulamalarının Kuraklık Stresi Altında Yetiştirilen Fasulyenin (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Bitki Gelişimi Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇİRKA Mustafa , KULAZ Haluk , TUNÇTÜRK Rüveyde
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada, rizobakterilerin kurak şartlarda yetiştirilen fasulyenin (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bazı biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik özellikler üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi için yapılmıştır. Tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre faktöriyel düzende 4 tekerrür olarak kurulan denemede, bitki materyali olarak Akman-98 fasulye çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, kontrol grubu (B0), azot fikse edici (B1), fosfor çözücü (B2) ve azot fikse edici + fosfor çözücü (B3) rizobakteri uygulamaları ile kurulmuştur. Araştırmada NS (Normal su=%100), K1 (Kuraklık 1 =%50) ve K2 (Kuraklık 2 =%25) olacak şekilde üç farklı kuraklık stresi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, yaprak alanı (cm2), klorofil oranı (µg/cm2), yaprak sıcaklığı (°C), yaprak dokularında bağıl su içeriği (%), yaprak dokularında iyon sızıntısı (%), yaprak dokularında membran dayanıklılık indeksi (%) ve malondialdehit içeriği (nmol/g) incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda faktörlerin ortak etkileşimi neticesinde yaprak alanında en yüksek değer (55.31 cm2) ile B1xNS uygulamasından alınırken en düşük değerler (30.61 cm2 ve 32.20 cm2) ise B1xK1 ve B3xK2 uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Klorofil oranı incelendiğinde yüksek değer 41.33 (µg/cm2) ile B0xK1 uygulamasından ve en düşük değer ise 28.83 (µg/cm2) ile B3xK2 uygulamasından alınmıştır. Çalışmada yaprak dokularında iyon sızıntısına ait en yüksek değer %34.36 ile B3xK3 uygulamasından, en düşük değer ise %28.27 ile B1xK1 uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Denemede yaprak dokularında membran dayanıklılık indeksine ait en yüksek değerler (%78.55 ve %78.51) B0xK2 ve B2xK3 uygulamalarından ve en düşük değerler (%68.57, %67.84 ve %68.98) ise sırasıyla B1xK2, B2xK1 ve B3xK3 uygulamalarından alınmıştır. Ancak daha gerçekçi sonuçların elde edilebilmesi için bu gibi çalışmaların tarla şartlarında da çalışılması gerekmektedir.
RESENHA DO LIVRO THE PALGRAVE HANDBOOK OF AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION AND MEDIA ACCESSIBILITY
Authors: Moura Willian Henrique Cândido
Published: April 2022

O livro The Palgrave Handbook of Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility, editado pelos professores Łukasz Bogucki e Mikołaj Deckert, e publicado pela editora Palgrave Mcmillan (BOGUCKI; DECKERT, 2020), apresenta uma coletânea de artigos escritos por experts em tradução audiovisual e acessibilidade de mídia, buscando atualizar as discussões sobre o assunto e indicar novas possibilidades de temas de pesquisa na contemporaneidade. Esta resenha tem o objetivo de apresentar a obra, de maneira geral, para os leitores e pesquisadores de tradução audiovisual e acessibilidade de mídia no Brasil, além de discutir a relevância da publicação para a área.
CONVERGÊNCIA DIGITAL NO TELEJORNALISMO: ANÁLISE DO JORNAL NACIONAL NO TWITTER
Authors: Alves Marcelli , Bueno Thaísa , Santos Danielle Carolina dos
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho analisa como o Jornal Nacional utiliza o Twitter para promover seu conteúdo televisivo. Verificou-se o perfil no Twitter do programa durante 51 dias de 2019, totalizando 685 tweets. O conteúdo analisado se refere às publicações interativas direcionadas para os internautas nas redes sociais e aos conteúdos transportados da televisão. A pesquisa é baseada na metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo (AC). Os resultados apontam que a presença do Jornal Nacional no Twitter é um efeito da migração de audiência e que a participação do telejornal nas redes sociais fortalece a sua presença em telas diversas.
APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A CONSTRUÇÃO PUBLICITÁRIA DE NEYMAR NO COMERCIAL “UM NOVO HOMEM TODO DIA”
Authors: Barth Mauricio , Sanfelice Gustavo Roese
Published: April 2022

Após a eliminação do Brasil na Copa do Mundo 2018, Neymar e a marca Gillette publicizaram o comercial “Um novo homem todo dia”, onde o atleta rebate críticas sobre suas atitudes. O jogador admitiu, em alguns pontos da peça publicitária, que exagerou em certos comportamentos, mas, na maior parte do tempo, tentou mostrar suas dores e lutas da vida de atleta. Com base nesse cenário, este trabalho estabeleceu como objetivo analisar como se apresenta, do ponto de vista imagético, a construção do jogador no referido comercial. Utilizando-se da Retórica da Imagem de Barthes (1964), elencaram-se os keyframes “A queda: dor e sofrimento em campo”, “Apenas um menino” e “O renascimento: um novo homem”, que buscam, entre outros pontos, humanizar o atleta Neymar, demonstrando que, apesar dos percalços, o jogador aprendeu com seus equívocos e, agora, é um novo homem.
TRADUÇÃO AUDIOVISUAL ACESSÍVEL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES CEARENSES NO PERÍODO DE 2009 A 2019
Authors: Oliveira Sarah Maria de , Souza Aline Nunes de , Vieira Patrícia Araújo
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho é uma revisão integrativa que analisou teses e dissertações que trataram da legendagem para surdos e da janela de Libras, no Ceará, no período de 2009 a 2019. Os procedimentos desta pesquisa se embasam na revisão integrativa de literatura enquanto abordagem metodológica. A análise quantitativa evidenciou a necessidade de mais pesquisas serem realizadas na área, pois apenas sete trabalhos foram encontrados na área de LSE (e nenhum na área de Janela de Libras). Ademais, a análise qualitativa sugere que os parâmetros de legendagem que asseguram a boa compreensão da mensagem pelo surdo precisam ser mais bem observados.
O INTÉRPRETE DE LÍNGUA DE SINAIS DA TV CÂMARA: UMA ATUAÇÃO MULTIFACETADA
Authors: Aguayo Alexis Pier , Gorovitz Sabine
Published: April 2022

A presente reflexão aborda o perfil do intérprete de Língua de Sinais Brasileira (ILS) no âmbito do poder legislativo federal, mais especificamente daquele que atua em janela de libras na Tv Câmara. Trata-se de investigar as especificidades profissionais e técnicas da sua atuação em contraste com os requisitos de contratação formulados pela Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil e demais documentos que norteiam seu exercício. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar as habilidades que compõem a competência desse intérprete com base em alguns modelos, notadamente o proposto por Cavallo (2019). Para fundamentar esta pesquisa, recorremos também a outros autores dos Estudos da Interpretação, como, DIRIKE (2015; 2018), GILE (1998), BALESTRO E GOROVITZ (2021), PÖCHHACKER (2015), WADSENSJÖ (1998), entre outros. Em termos de percurso metodológico, a pesquisa foi conduzida de forma qualiquantitativa, através de análise bibliográfica e documental. Foram avaliados de forma contrastiva os documentos que norteiam a atuação do ILS no ambiente da Tv Legislativa, de modo a identificar a congruência tanto entre eles quanto com relação às habilidades identificadas como necessárias no âmbito deste fazer profissional. Conclui-se que a atuação desse intérprete se pauta nos aspectos técnicos e práticos da atuação do Intérprete de Conferência, apesar de sua natureza de intérprete comunitário, com vocação de assegurar os direitos da Comunidade Surda do Brasil.
Entrepreneurship and Innovation: The Coevolution of Two Fields
Authors: Alerasoul Sayed Alireza , Tiberius Victor , Bouncken Ricarda B.
Published: April 2022

Both entrepreneurship and innovation play a key role for business growth and economic development and are conceptually highly intertwined. Both fields have received extensive attention that has resulted in a large number of publications. The aim of this work is to provide an overview on the coevolution of entrepreneurship and innovation over the last decades, with particular attention to recent research trends. To track the evolution at the intersection of both fields, we employ a bibliometric analysis, which allowed us to identify the key concepts, the backbone of research, and to provide a systematic classification of main research themes diagnosed including: 1) entrepreneurial innovation and digital transformation, 2) sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship, 3) product innovation and knowledge, 4) entrepreneurial orientation and leadership, and 5) regional entrepreneurship and innovation (innovative entrepreneurship and historical roots). The findings of this bibliometric review are reported in the form of a knowledge graph that represents the results obtained in terms of the knowledge base (key terms), knowledge domains, and knowledge evolution (themes and bursts), based on which themes for future research are suggested.
Strategic Orientation and Sustainable Competitive Performance of Family Firms: Evidence of an Emerging Economy
Authors: Khan Rizwan Ullah , Salamzadeh Yashar , Abbasi Munir A. , Amin Ali , Sahar Noor E.
Published: April 2022

This study tried to shed light on the relationship between strategic orientations and sustainable competitive performance with the mediating effect of strategic flexibility of family-owned SMEs in an emerging economy. This study is significant because family firms need a more flexible and quick organizational structure to respond effectively to external market demands. For achieving fruitful insights, data was collected from family-owned manufacturing firms operating in Islamabad and Rawalpindi verified from Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA). In addition, structured questionnaires were used to collect the data from top management through an online source; for testing the hypotheses, Smart PLS-SEM was deployed. The finding suggests that strategic flexibility firmly explains the mechanism to support the relationship between both strategic orientations (entrepreneurial and market) and sustainable competitive performance. Thus, our study suggests several recommendations to the policymaker and governmental bodies to support the family-owned firms in modifying existing resources according to the market demand.
Health problems in children
Authors: Tiwari Niharika , Lachyan Abhishek , Furqan Saima , Mannan Gaurav
Published: April 2022

Children in India face health issues and are afflicted by illnesses and disorders. There are a variety of factors that contribute to these issues. It is the parents' primary obligation to ensure that their children receive good nourishment and education and that the home environment is created in such a way that it promotes the health and well-being of the children in an acceptable manner. The causes of health problems, the prevalence of childhood health problems, child health interventions, and strategies to avoid health problems among children are the key topics covered in this study paper. It is critical that individuals from deprived, marginalized, and socioeconomically backward areas of society raise awareness about these initiatives. Individuals of all classifications, backgrounds, and occupations must be aware of health issues affecting children and how to address them.
Assessment of effects of antihypertensive agents on the quality of life in diabetic hypertensive patients
Authors: Panda Bijan Kumar , Jena Parsuram , Jena Dhaneswari
Published: April 2022

Background: Hypertension affects a significant number of population and many of these affected individuals have no symptoms. The present study was conducted to assess effects of antihypertensive agents on the quality of life in diabetic hypertensive patients. Materials & Methods: 96 diabetic hypertensive patients of both genders were randomly divided into 4 groups based on antihypertensive medicines- group I comprises those taking amlodipine (2.5–10 mg/day), group II taking ramipril (2.5–10 mg/day), group III taking telmisartan (40–80 mg/day) and group IV taking combination of ramipril (1.25–5 mg/day) and telmisartan (20–40 mg/day) (RT). Parameters such as blood pressure (BP), pulse rate, blood sugar level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and QOLID-Punjabi version (PV) questionnaire at baseline and then at the 24th week of therapy. QoL of the patients was assessed by using the QOLID questionnaire Results: Group I had 12 males and 12 females, group II had 14 males and 10 females, group III had 15 males and 9 females and group IV had 10 males and 14 females.
Comparison of the effectiveness of savlon antiseptic with povidone-iodine for acinetobacter baumannii infected wounds in white rats (Rattus Norvegicus)
Authors: Pradnyana I Nyoman Esha , Zarasade Lobredia , Noer M Sjaifuddin
Published: April 2022

Wound washing with antiseptic liquid is one step in the management of chronic wounds. In infected wounds, washing with antiseptic is expected to reduce bacterial colonies and help eradicate infection. One of the important pathogenic bacteria is Acinetobacter Baumannii. These opportunistic germs can form colonies, especially in patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, treatment in the ICU, and on skin affected by burns. Antiseptic commonly used to wash wound are Savlon and Povidone-iodine 10%. Both antiseptic are broad spectrum antisepctic, kill gram negative and gram positive bacteria. However Savlon could caused skin irritation. Therefore dilution is needed to prevent this effect. This study was intended to determine the difference and comparison of the effectiveness of Savlon and Povidone iodine antiseptic to bacterial growth on wound infected by Acinetobacter Baumannii.  This study is an experimental study with a randomized controlled trial without blinding. The wound research procedure was made on the right and left sides of the rat's back with a size of 1x1 cm each. Wounds that have been contaminated with Acinetobacter Baumannii are left for 4 hours. After 4 hours the wound will be washed and irrigated. The wound that has been made is closed with a transparent dressing.
COVID 19 SONRASI DIŞ TİCARETTE YENİ ANLAŞMALAR
Authors: ADIGÜZEL Selminaz
Published: April 2022

2020 yılında WHO tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilen Covid 19 sonrası, uluslararası ticarette dengeler değişti. ABD'de Johns Hopkins Üniversitesi ‘nin yaptığı bir araştırmaya göre, Covid 19 virüsü Aralık ayında Çin'de ortaya çıktığından beri, dünya çapında 11,3 milyondan fazla COVID-19 vakası rapor edildi ve geri kazanımlar 6,1 milyonu aştı. (Rehinov, 2021). Küresel ticarette yeni ticaret yolları, yeni ticari birliklerinin oluşumuna sebep olan COVID-19, dünyadaki gelişmiş gelişmekte olan ülkelerin GSYIH sını etkilemiş, gelişmekte olan ülkeler için giderek artan bir endişe kaynağı haline gelmiştir. İthalata yönelik tarifeler ve diğer kısıtlamalar, ürünlerin gelişmekte olan ülkelere akışını bozmuştur. Covid-19 Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika'da öldürücü iken, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde vaka sayısı artmaktadır. Uluslararası ticarete yön veren uluslararası örgütlerin verilerini incelediğimizde uluslararası ticaret anlaşmalarının sağlık malzemeleri ve tarım sektörüne yoğunlaştığını görmekteyiz. Pandemide can kayıplarının artması, aşı milliyetçiliği ve sağlık sektöründe acil müdahale malzemelerinin eksikliği, ülkeleri, işbirliği yapmaya zorlamış her ülke kendi ülke vatandaşının sağlığını ön plana almıştır. Araştırmamızda DTO, Avrupa Birliğinin yanısıra Türkiye Amerika, Japonya Çin İngiltere gibi ülkelerin ticaret anlaşmaları ele alınmıştır.
Sağlık krizi ortaya çıktıkça, ticaret politikası, çözümü için uluslararası ticaretin önemi ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu araştırmada uluslararası ticaret anlaşmalarının pandemi döneminde ticaretteki engelleri nasıl çözdüğü, sübvansiyonların, ticaretteki engellerin kaldırılmasında pandeminin olumlu etkileri, insan sağlığı söz konusu olduğunda evrensel bir değer olan yaşama hakkı sağlık hizmetlerinden yararlanma hakkı konusuna aykırı olarak hareket eden gelişmiş ülkelerin aşı patentini almada fikri sınai haklar konusunda Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’ne baskı yaptığı, DTÖ’nün gelişmiş ülkelerin lehine kararlar alıp almadığı konularına yer verilerek uluslararası ticaret anlaşmalar çerçevesinde ekonomik işbirlikleri ele alınmıştır. Literatür taranarak uluslararası ticaret anlaşmaları konusu ve tarafları incelenmiştir. 1990'da 50'den bugüne 300'den fazla anlaşma var. En önemlisi, bu anlaşmaların çoğu, ticaretin ötesinde entegrasyonu veya “derin” entegrasyonu sağlamayı hedefleyerek erişimlerini tarifelerin çok ötesine genişletmiştir. Bu derin ticaret anlaşmalarının ticareti ve ticaret dışı sonuçları nasıl etkilediğine ve COVID-19 sonrası bir dünyada ticari ilişkileri nasıl şekillendirebilecekleri konusu bu araştırmanın amaçları arasında yer almaktadır.
Double Embryony in Garcinia Gummi-Gutta (Clusiaceae): An Important Medicinal tree species of the Western Ghats
Authors: Gunaga Rajesh , Masude Bhagywanta , Vasudeva R.
Published: April 2022

Seedling abnormality is one of the natural phenomena reported in many tropical tree species. In this paper, abnormality like double embryony is reported for the first time in Garcinia gummigutta. Seed lots collected from only one tree (out of 90 trees) from five populations of this species in the Western Ghats showed this abnormality.
Preorientation Curriculum: An Approach for Preparing Students with Heterogenous Backgrounds for Training in a Master of Biostatistics Program
Authors: Neely Megan Lee , Troy Jesse D. , Gschwind Gerald T. , Pomann Gina-Maria , Grambow Steven C. , Samsa Gregory P.
Published: April 2022

We describe an innovative preorientation curriculum (POC) for a Master of Biostatistics (MB) program. The goal of the POC is to fill critical skills gaps for students entering the MB program from heterogeneous backgrounds so they are prepared to engage in the program’s rigorous, fast-paced training upon arrival. To achieve this goal, we introduce a structured approach to thinking that forms the foundation of a sound mental map of Biostatistics, which will assist students in their subsequent efforts to master the discipline. Based on constructivist principles, the POC covers mathematical and statistical theory, data analysis methods, programming, and statistical practice through a sequence of instruction that encourages reflection, extension, and connection between topics. The POC is modular, self-paced, and offered online via a cloud-hosted interactive learning management system (LMS). Students are required to complete the curriculum prior to the MB program orientation. We describe the rationale, design, features, and initial evaluation of the POC. Finally, to help programs interested in designing similar curricula, we provide a detailed instruction sequence description of one topic.
Ontologinen luokittelu ilmastonmuutoskeskustelun analysoinnissa – poliittinen kuluttajuus Suomi24-foorumilla
Authors: Kousa Ilona
Published: April 2022

Artikkeli tarkastelee poliittista kuluttajuutta sosiaalisen median ilmastonmuutoskeskustelun kontekstissa. Lähestyn ilmiötä hermeneuttisella tutkimusotteella kulutuskulttuurin tutkimuksen näkökulmasta. Tutkimusmenetelmä yhdistää ontologian opettamiseen perustuvaa automatisoitua etäluentaa laadulliseen lähiluentaan ja tulkinnalliseen analyysiin. Tutkimusaineistoa ovat sosiaalisen median tietokantapalvelusta poimitut ilmastonmuutosta koskevat kommentit, jotka on julkaistu Suomi24-keskustelupalstalla vuosina 2015–2019. Aineiston suuren koon vuoksi käytän sen sisältämien aiheiden luokittelussa automaattista tekstianalyysiä, jonka tuloksia tulkitsen laadullisesti. Määrällisiä ja laadullisia piirteitä yhdistävä tutkimusmenetelmä mahdollistaa yhtäältä kokonaiskuvan hahmottamisen ja toisaalta merkitysten syvällisen ymmärtämisen. Tarkastelen Suomi24-foorumin kuluttamista koskevaa ilmastonmuutoskeskustelua kulutushyödykkeisiin liittyvien teemojen kautta, joista selvästi yleisin on autoiluun liittyvä keskustelu. Havaintojeni mukaan Suomi24-foorumin ilmastonmuutoskeskustelua hallitsevat ilmastoskeptikot, jotka vähättelevät ilmastonmuutosta ja sen torjunnan keinoja. Heidän kommenteissaan toistuu kaksi kuluttajan stereotyyppiä: ilmastoskeptikoiden omaa viiteryhmää edustava ”tolkun kuluttaja” ja vastapuolen viiteryhmää edustava ”ilmastovouhottaja”. Stereotyypit rakentuvat muun muassa kuluttamiseen ja sosio-ekonomisiin tekijöihin liittyvien vastakkainasettelujen kautta.
Fish diversity in Pakistan and common threats
Authors: Mehboob Riffat
Published: April 2022

Fishes are one of the most diverse group of vertebrates with more than 33000 species. Owing to variety of landscape, rivers and lakes provide the best habitat for fishes in Pakistan. They are identified on the basis of several visual characters. With advancements in machine learning, researchers from Pakistan have used a Fish-Pak data set to identify various fishes in local market [1]. Common fishes found in Pakistan are Rohu, Thaila, Mrigal, silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout. In last four decades, several alien fish species like Cyprinus sp. Oreochromis sp. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Carassius Auratus, Aristichthys nobilis and Ctenopharyngodon idella have been introduced directly or indirectly in our natural river systems. Recent survey reports a total of 64 exotic species of fishes in Punjab, Pakistan. These alien fishes destroy habitat of native species and negatively impact fish fauna [2].
According to WWF survey, 86 species of the fish fauna is of special concern of fishes while 34 species have been declared as endemic. Furthermore, number of species having special IUCN status are 11, commercially important are 31, very rare species are only 8 in Pakistan.
Population of economically important species is declining due to overexploitation, pollution and habitat fragmentation. Industrial and municipal waste has been associated with metal contamination in muscle mass of fishes, which make them a hazard to consume [3]. Similarly, marble effluents are also a threat to fish population [4]. Therefore, possible measures for fish conservation needs special attention for its sustainable use and diversity.
Transfrontier Shipments of Waste: A Bureaucrat's Dream?
Authors: O'Keeffe Jacqui
Published: April 2022

In the April 1999 edition of European Environmental Law Review, AME Veldkamp analysed the implementation of Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 on the Supervision and Control of Shipments of Waste within, into and out of the European Community (the "European Shipments Regulation") and the difficulties faced by Member States in seeking to develop "transnational enforcement cooperation".

Anyone involved with the movement of waste within, through, into or from Western Europe and in particular the European Community ("EC"), is faced with a myriad of legislation at international, European (and in some cases regional) and national levels. Not only is the volume of legislation daunting, but there appears to be no one coherent system of regulation. Recent attempts to simplify the procedure have, at least in the short term, only succeeded in making matters more complex.

The new Annex V to the European Shipments Regulation, introduced by Regulation 2408/98, governs the ban on exports of waste to non-OECD countries, and uses three systems for classifying waste: the Basel Convention, the OECD Control System and the hazardous waste list under the Hazardous Waste Directive (Council Directive 91/689/EEC). Annex V exposes the weaknesses in a system riddled with cross reference and contradiction. "Waste" for the purposes of Annex V, will be banned if "it displays any of the properties listed in Annex III to Directive 91/689/EEC taking into account as regards H3 to H8 of the said Annex, the limit values laid down in Decision 94/904/EC as provided for in Article 1(4) second indent of Directive 91/689/EEC and in the header of Annex II to Regulation (EEC) No 259/93".

Although the Basel ban has been implemented by European legislation it has not yet been brought into force at an international level. A controversial proposal for developing countries and exporters from the OECD, the ban exposes the weaknesses of the waste shipment system, and the lack of redress for a party aggrieved by a decision based on diverse definitions of "waste", "hazardous waste", "recovery" or "disposal", or on the absence of a definition. In this article, the evolution of the European and international systems for shipments of waste are discussed, uncovering a legislative maze.
The Landfill Directive: How Will the UK Meet the Challenge?
Authors: Morris Claire , Forster Malcolm
Published: April 2022

An examination of the impact of the Landfill Directive in the UK; an overview of the Directive; the extent of the UK's reliance on landfill; the UK Government's waste strategy; the main challenges for the UK, in particular, meeting the targets for the reduction of biodegradeable municipal waste; conclusion that the UK is unlikely to experience operational difficulties (UK landfills are already strictly regulated) but that compliance with the targets will be tough.
A Long Way from Basel Clarity: Implications of the Basel Convention for the Consumer Electronics Sector
Authors: Tupper Stephen , Young Graeme , Garman Julie
Published: April 2022

An overview of the maze that is the international regulation of trade in hazardous wastes and how it is likely to frustrate producers attempting to meet the take-back and waste recovery obligations foreseen in the European Commission's latest draft of its Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment.
The Harmonization, Codification and Integration of Environmental Law: A Search for Definitions
Authors: Faure Michael
Published: April 2022

Background - the need to define and distinguish the concepts of harmonization, codification and integration and the benefits of doing so. Various notions of harmonization: of the substantive law and of procedures; coordination; codification; internal and external integration distinguished. Recent examples of harmonization: the Dutch Environmental Management Act; the Flemish Draft Decree on Environmental Policy; harmonization as a policy goal at the European level, and the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive. Suggested definitions of integration, harmonization, codification and coordination.
Hungarian Environmental Law and Biodiversity Protection
Authors: Savoia Remo
Published: April 2022

A review of the state of the law on biodiversity protection in Hungary. Current ecological conditions. Early measures, going back to 1961, embracing a number of surprisingly modern principles. The recent legislation, on general environmental protection rules; nature conservation; the protection of forests; the regulation of hunting and the protection of wild fauna, and on genetic technology. The principles underlying the Hungarian legislation. Relationship with EU biodiversity strategy and the process of harmonisation.
The Precautionary Principle Introduced in Belgian Jurisprudence: The Need for Consistency
Authors: Larmuseau Isabelle
Published: April 2022

The source of the precautionary principle in international and Community law; its incorporation in Belgium at regional level by the Flemish Region only; incorporation at federal level in respect of the marine environment and the relationship between the precautionary principle and the "duty-to-care" obligation. The recent emergence and development of the principle in the jurisprudence: the cases of the Drogenbos and Wilrijk incineration plants; the Terlamen-Zolder racecourse case; the Electrobel case concerning permits for installing an electricity cable; whether the diversity of views will make for certainty or uncertainty in the case law.
Managing Electronic Waste in the European Community's Member States: The Proposed EC Directive and National Take Back Schemes
Authors: Bergkamp Lucas
Published: April 2022

In the Summer of 2000, following nearly a decade of discussions and more than three years of haggling over legal texts, the European Commission formally proposed legislation on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). This legislation would make producers responsible for the take-back, recovery, and treatment of virtually all end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment. This article reviews the Commission's WEEE proposal, and national take-back schemes of the EC member states. It highlights similarities and differences between EC and national provisions. In light of this analysis, it discusses the WEEE directive's legal basis and its environmental protection and harmonisation objectives. The author concludes that the proposed WEEE directive would likely achieve neither its environmental protection nor its harmonisation objective.
Waste Legislation in the European Union
Authors: Gallego Gorka
Published: April 2022

As we embark upon the Sixth Environmental Action Programme two articles look at the development of waste legislation and ask how important is the environment for Europe nowadays; what level of environmental protection do we have now; and how do we deal with the waste we produce in Europe? This first of the articles includes an overview of environmental policy and the law, and the definition of waste.
Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Who Makes the Binding Decisions?
Authors: Lavranos Nikos
Published: April 2022

Due to the fact that the EC has legislated in most areas of environmental law, it is also competent to implement most Conferences/Meetings of Parties COP/MOP) decisions. Practice within multilateral environmental agreements MEAs), especially as regards the adjustment procedure of annexes/appendices, prove that adjustments can de facto result in substantive changes of the legal obligations of the contracting parties that could not have been foreseen, and this even against the will of a minority of parties. In this article the author shortly describes the legal structure that is common to most MEAs; discusses the question whether COPs/MOPs can be categorised as organs of an international organisations; and finally turns to the issue of communitarisation of binding decisions adopted within MEAs.
Waste Legislation in the European Union
Authors: Gallego Gorka
Published: April 2022

As we embark upon the Sixth Environmental Action Programme two articles look at the development of waste legislation and ask how important is the environment for Europe nowadays; what level of environmental protection do we have now; and how do we deal with the waste we produce in Europe? This second of the articles includes an examination of the transport of waste and liability for environmental damage together with some concluding observations.
The European Commission's Green Claims Guidelines
Authors: Bergkamp Lucas
Published: April 2022

Consumers are becoming more interested in the environmental aspects of the products they are buying. To meet this demand for information, producers are increasingly making "green claims" about their products. To provide guidance and set more detailed rules for green claims, the European Commission has prepared Green Claims Guidelines. This article discusses these guidelines.