bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression and function of opsin genes associated with phototaxis in Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Huang Mei , Meng Jian‐Yu , Zhou Lv , Yu Chun , Zhang Chang‐Yu
Published: July 2023

Background

Zeugodacus cucuribitae is a major agricultural pest that causes significant damage to varieties of plants. Vision plays a critical role in phototactic behavior of herbivorous insects. However, the effect of opsin on the phototactic behavior in Z. cucuribitae remains unknown. The aim of this research is to explore the key opsin genes that associate with phototaxis behavior of Z. cucurbitae.

Results

Five opsin genes were identified and their expression patterns were analyzed. The relative expression levels of ZcRh1, ZcRh4 and ZcRh6 were highest in 4‐day‐old larvae, ZcRh2 and ZcRh3 were highest in 3rd‐instar larvae and 5‐day‐old pupae, respectively. Furthermore, five opsin genes had the highest expression levels in compound eyes, followed by the antennae and head, whereas the lower occurred in other tissues. The expression of the long‐wavelength‐sensitive (LW) opsins first decreased and then increased under green light exposure. In contrast, the expression of ultraviolet‐sensitive (UV) opsins first increased and then decreased with the duration of UV exposure. Silencing of LW opsin (dsZcRh1, dsZcRh2, and dsZcRh6) and UV opsin (dsZcRh3 and dsZcRh4) reduced the phototactic efficiency of Z. cucurbitae to green light by 52.27%, 60.72%, and 67.89%, and to UV light by 68.59% and 61.73%, respectively.

Conclusion

The results indicate that RNAi inhibited the expression of opsin, thereby inhibiting the phototaxis of Z. cucurbitae. This result provides theoretical support for the physical control of Z. cucurbitae and lays the foundation for further exploration of the mechanism of insect phototaxis. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Guiding model‐driven combination dose selection using multi‐objective synergy optimization
Authors: Gevertz Jana L. , Kareva Irina
Published: July 2023

Despite the growing appreciation that the future of cancer treatment lies in combination therapies, finding the right drugs to combine and the optimal way to combine them remains a nontrivial task. Herein, we introduce the Multi‐Objective Optimization of Combination Synergy – Dose Selection (MOOCS‐DS) method for using drug synergy as a tool for guiding dose selection for a combination of preselected compounds. This method decouples synergy of potency (SoP) and synergy of efficacy (SoE) and identifies Pareto optimal solutions in a multi‐objective synergy space. Using a toy combination therapy model, we explore properties of the MOOCS‐DS algorithm, including how optimal dose selection can be influenced by the metric used to define SoP and SoE. We also demonstrate the potential of our approach to guide dose and schedule selection using a model fit to preclinical data of the combination of the PD‐1 checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab and the anti‐angiogenic drug bevacizumab on two lung cancer cell lines. The identification of optimally synergistic combination doses has the potential to inform preclinical experimental design and improve the success rates of combination therapies.

Jel classificationDose Finding in Oncology
Biological and theoretical investigation of cyclohexylamine dithiocarbamate metal (II) complexes
Authors: Mahdi Wedyan H. , Faihan Ahmed S. , Jirjes Hayfa M. , Al‐Mutairi Adibah M. , Alshehri Amal M. A. , Alotaibi Sarah A. , Saleh Abdulrahman M. , Hatshan Mohammad R. , Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Kuniyil Mufsir , Shaik Baji , Adil Syed Farooq
Published: July 2023

A series of metal (II) complexes of N‐cyclohexyl amine dithiocarbamate ligand are synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The surface structural pattern of the prepared complexes were investigated by scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The prepared complexes possessed crystalline characteristic with size average ranging from 16 to 30 nm. Moreover, the biological activity of the synthesized complexes were tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the prepared complexes, copper (II) complex displayed the highest activity. In addition, molecular docking study was performed against bacterial tyrosinase enzyme which showed good binding interactions and is in agreement with the experimental findings. Furthermore, the in silico toxicity studies reveal that the complexes are mostly non‐irritant with mild toxicity. Different quantum parameters including electron affinity, ionization energy, dipole moment, hardness and vibrational frequencies were calculated for the ligand and its complexes using Gaussian 09 program and B3LYP/SDD level of theory.
Value investing via Bayesian inference
Authors: Huefner Bernd , Rueenaufer Marcel , Boesch Martin
Published: July 2023

Classic value investing à la Graham & Dodd (Security analysis: The classic, McGrawHill, New York, 1934) focuses on selecting stocks that seem cheap relative to their intrinsic value and fundamental quality. We use Bayesian inference to account for a large amount of uncertainty within intrinsic value estimation. We find that an undervalued‐minus‐overvalued factor that invests in cheap quality stocks and sells expensive junk stocks selected via Bayesian inference yields high risk‐adjusted returns and Sharpe ratios for equal‐weighted portfolios. We also find that using value‐weighted portfolios introduces size‐based dilutions and shifts the focus away from actual quality characteristics like profitability, payout, safety, and past growth. Our findings suggest that while the relative benefit of accounting for uncertainty via Bayesian inference is not large over shorter holding periods, it pays off for investment horizons longer than a month.
Selective Proteolysis of Activated Transcriptional Factor by NIR‐Responsive Palindromic DNA Thalidomide Conjugate Inhibits the Canonical Smad Pathway
Authors: Hou Min , Guo Rui , Ren Tianyu , Wang Tao , Jiang Jian‐Hui , He Jianjun
Published: July 2023

Dysfunctional transcription factors that activate abnormal expressions of specific proteins are often associated with the progression of various diseases. Despite being attractive drug targets, the lack of druggable sites has dramatically hindered their drug development. The emergence of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has revitalized the drug development of many conventional hard‐to‐drug protein targets. Here, the use of a palindromic double‐strand DNA thalidomide conjugate (PASTE) to selectively bind and induce proteolysis of targeted activated transcription factor (PROTAF) is reported. The selective proteolysis of the dimerized phosphorylated receptor‐regulated Smad2/3 and inhibition of the canonical Smad pathway validates PASTE‐mediated PROTAF. Further aptamer‐guided active delivery of PASTE and near‐infrared light‐triggered PROTAF are demonstrated. Great potential in using PASTE for the selective degradation of the activated transcription factor is seen, providing a powerful tool for studying signaling pathways and developing precision medicines.
Identifying And Unveiling the Role of Multivalent Metal States for Bidirectional UOR and HER Over Ni, Mo‐Trithiocyanuric Based Coordination Polymer
Authors: Liu Mengying , Zou Wenhong , Cong Jing , Su Nan , Qiu Silong , Hou Linxi
Published: July 2023

Urea oxidation reaction (UOR), an ideal alternative to oxygen evolution reaction (OER), has received increasing attention for realizing energy‐saving H2 production and relieving pollutant degradation. Normally, most studied Ni‐based UOR catalysts pre‐oxidate to NiOOH and then act as active sites. However, the unpredictable transformation of the catalyst's structure and its dissolution and leaching, may complicate the accuracy of mechanism studies and limit its further applications. Herein, a novel self‐supported bimetallic Mo‐Ni‐C3N3S3 coordination polymers (Mo‐NT@NF) with strong metal–ligand interactions and different H2O/urea adsorption energy are prepared, which realize a bidirectional UOR/hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) reaction pathway. A series of Mo‐NT@NF is prepared through a one‐step mild solvothermal method and their multivalent metal states and HER/UOR performance relationship is evaluated. Combining catalytic kinetics, in situ electrochemical spectroscopic characterization, and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations, a bidirectional catalytic pathway is proposed by N, S‐anchored Mo5+ and reconstruction‐free Ni3+ sites for catalytic active center of HER and UOR, respectively. The effective anchoring of the metal sites and the fast transfer of the intermediate H* by N and S in the ligand C3N3S3H3 further contribute to the fast kinetic catalysis. Ultimately, the coupled HER||UOR system with Mo‐NT@NF as the electrodes can achieve energy‐efficient overall‐urea electrolysis for H2 production.
Reticular Chemistry of the Fcu‐Type Gd(III)‐Doped Metal–Organic Framework for T1‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Qiu Tianze , Wu Tianze , Lu Mingzhu , Xie Yuxi , Zhang Mengmeng , Luo Dan , Chen Zhenxia , Yin Bo , Zhou Yaming , Ling Yun
Published: July 2023

Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) are emerging as an important class of nanomaterials for the systematical investigation of biomedically relevant structure‐property relationship (SPR) due to their highly tailorable features. In this work, the reticular chemistry approach is shown to explore the SPR of a fcu‐type Zr(IV)‐nanoMOF for T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Isoreticular replacement of the eight‐coordinated square‐antiprismatic Zr(IV) by nine‐coordinated Gd(III) brings a stoichiometric water capped on the square‐antiprismatic site, enabling the relaxation transfer in the inner‐sphere, giving the r1 value of 4.55 mM−1·s−1 at the doping ratio of Gd : Zr = 1 : 1. Then, these isoreticular engineering studies provide feasible ways to facilitate the relaxation transfer in the second‐ and outer‐sphere of the Gd(III)‐doped Zr‐oxo cluster for the relaxation respectively. Finally, these in vitro and in vivo MRI studies revealed that the Gd(III)‐doped Zr‐oxo cluster aggregated underlying the fcu‐type framework surpasses its discrete molecular cluster for MRI. These results demonstrated that there is plenty of room inside MOFs for T1‐weighted MRI by reticular chemistry.
Formic Acid‐Regulated Defect Engineering in Zr‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks toward Fluorescence Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Chlortetracycline
Authors: Jia Pei , Wu Qiushuang , Sun Boyang , Wang Li
Published: July 2023

The elaborate defect‐engineering of luminescent metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) allows them with enhanced sensing performance. A modulator‐induced defect formation strategy is adopted in this paper, and the impact of the open‐metal sites on sensing process is rationalized. It is demonstrated that the defect level can be tuned to a remarkable extent by controlling the amount of modulator. When a particular defect concentration is reached, the UiO‐66‐xFA can be acted as highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescence probes for chlortetracycline (CTE) determination with an ultralow detection limit of 9.9 nm. Furthermore, by virtue of the obvious variation in fluorescence chromaticity of probes from blue to yellow, a sensory hydrogels‐based smartphone platform is proposed for visible quantitation of CTE by identifying the RGB values. A delicate device integrated with UV lamp and dark cavity has been developed for avoiding inconsistencies of ambient light and visual errors. Finally, the sensor obtains satisfactory results in the detection of actual seafood samples, with no significant differences from those of liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry. This approach anticipates a novel route to sensitize optical sensors through the design and synthesis of moderate defects in luminescent MOFs.
Tackling the Challenges of Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries via Polymer‐Derived Strategies
Authors: Liu Qun , Yu Zhenlu , Zhang Biao
Published: July 2023

Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have gathered unprecedented interest recently benefiting from their intrinsic safety, affordability, and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, their practical implementation is hampered by low rate performance, inferior Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, and undesired parasitic reactions. Innovative solutions are put forth to address these issues by optimizing the electrodes, separators, electrolytes, and interfaces. Remarkably, polymers with inherent properties of low‐density, high processability, structural flexibility, and superior stability show great promising in tackling the challenges. Herein, the recent progress in the synthesis and customization of functional polymers in aqueous ZIBs is outlined. The recent implementations of polymers into each component are summarized, with a focus on the inherent mechanisms underlying their unique functions. The challenges of incorporating polymers into practical ZIBs are also discussed and possible solutions to circumvent them are proposed. It is hoped that such a deep analysis could accelerate the design of polymer‐derived approaches to boost the performance of ZIBs and other aqueous battery systems as they share similarities in many aspects.
Fabrication and Characterization of NiSe2 Films Prepared by SILAR Method
Authors: Akaltun Yunus
Published: July 2023

Nickel selenide thin films were grown on glass substrates at room temperature using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Optical and structural analyses of the thin films were also performed. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDAX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for structural analysis, and UV–vis spectrometer was used for optical analysis. The XRD results indicate that the NiSe2 thin films had a polycrystalline structure. As a result of the optical analysis, the bandgap value decreased from 2.56 to 2.25 eV as the thickness increased. These results suggest that increasing film thickness improves the crystal structure of NiSe2 thin films. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
CircWHSC1 serves as a prognostic biomarker and promotes malignant progression of non‐small‐cell lung cancer via miR‐590‐5p/SOX5 axis
Authors: Wu Bin , Wang Xisheng , Yu Ruilin , Xue Xingkui
Published: July 2023

Dysregulated circWHSC1 has been shown to play potential roles in diverse cancer types, including ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this study was to investigate its expression, underlying role and regulatory mechanism in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of circWHSC1 was determined by real‐time PCR. After knockdown of circWHSC1 expression in NSCLC cells, the proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using CCK‐8, colony formation, and Transwell assays, and the effects of circWHSC1 on NSCLC tumorigenesis in vivo was also investigated. With the help of luciferase reporter and pull‐down assays, we further explored the downstream mechanism of circWHSC1 in NSCLC cells. CircWHSC1 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The inhibition of circWHSC1 suppressed the malignant properties of NSCLC cells, as evidenced by the reduction of proliferation, migration and invasion. CircWHSC1 sponged miR‐590‐5p and functioned as an oncogene in NSCLC by increasing sex determining region Y‐boxprotein 5 (SOX5) expression. CircWHSC1 may contribute to the oncogenicity of NSCLC via the regulation of miR‐590‐5p/SOX5 axis, which might be a novel therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Global prevalence of Neospora caninum in rodents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hamzavi Yazdan , Salimi Yahya , Ahmadi Mobin , Adimi Parvaneh , Falahi Sahab , Bozorgomid Arezoo
Published: July 2023

Background

Neosporosis has been considered a cause of abortion in dairy and beef cattle worldwide. Rodents are reservoir hosts for several infectious diseases. It is necessary to determine the prevalence of Neospora caninum in rodents to improve the current understanding of the transmission dynamics of Neospora as well as its life cycle and risk of transmission to livestock. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to estimate the pooled global prevalence of N. caninum in different rodent species.

Methods

Published studies on the prevalence of N. caninum in different rodent species were searched in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar and the reference lists of the retrieved articles until July 30, 2022. The eligible studies were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The extracted data were verified and analysed using the random‐effect meta‐analysis.

Result

For this meta‐analysis, a total of 4372 rodents from 26 eligible studies were included. The global prevalence of N. caninum in rodents was estimated at 5% (95% CI 2%–9%), with the highest prevalence in Asia (12%; 95% CI 6%–24%) and lowest prevalence in America (3%; 95% CI 1%–14%) and Europe (3%; 95% CI 1%–6%). N. caninum was more prevalent in females (4%; 95% CI 2%–9%) than in males (3%; 95% CI 1%–11%). The most common diagnostic test was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (21 studies). The pooled prevalence of N. caninum in rodents based on the diagnostic method was as follows: immunohistochemistry: 11% (95% CI 6%–20%), NAT: 5% (95% CI 4%–7%), IFAT: 5% (95% CI 2%–13%) and PCR: 3% (95% CI 1%–9%).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed a relatively low but widespread prevalence of N. caninum infection in rodents.
Knowledge, attitudes and biosecurity practices among the small‐scale dairy farmers in Sylhet district, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Tonmoy , Ahmed Junayed , Hossain Md Tafazzal , Roy Mithu Chandra , Ashik‐Uz‐Zaman Md , Uddin Md Nazim , Rahman Md Masudur , Kabir Md Golam , Hossain Ferdaus Mohd Altaf
Published: July 2023

Background

In the context of zoonosis, Bangladesh's small‐scale dairying is yet to frame satisfactory levels due to poor biosecurity practices.

Objectives

This study intended to reveal the degree of knowledge, attitudes and biosecurity practices among Sylhet district, Bangladesh's small‐scale dairy farmers. We also focused on the association between biosecurity practices and the incidence of non‐specific enteritis in humans.

Methods

A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted on the farmers’ KAP via personal interviews of 15 farmers from the randomly selected fifteen small‐scale dairy farms. The questionnaire was developed with 6 questions for knowledge, 6 questions for attitude and 12 questions for the practice of biosecurity measures. Alongside that, data on the number of non‐specific enteritis cases experienced by the farmers or their family members were also recorded. Spearman correlation was used to find out the correlation among KAP variables and between practice scores and non‐specific enteritis incidences.

Results

We found an insignificant (p > 0.05) influence of demographic characteristics over knowledge, attitude and biosecurity practices. Significant (p < 0.05) and strong correlations were found in knowledge–attitude (r = 0.65), knowledge–practice (r = 0.71) and attitude–practice (r = 0.64). Incidences of non‐specific enteritis and biosecurity measures’ practice were also strongly correlated (r = −0.9232) and statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that increasing knowledge and developing a good attitude are necessary to increase the adaptation of biosecurity measures as three of these factors are correlated. Moreover, farm biosecurity measures are closely related to human health.
Model‐free closed‐loop wind farm control using reinforcement learning with recursive least squares
Authors: Liew Jaime , Göçmen Tuhfe , Lio Wai Hou , Larsen Gunner Chr.
Published: July 2023

Wind farms experience significant power losses due to wake interactions between turbines. Research shows that wake steering can alleviate these losses by redirecting the flow through the farm. However, dynamic closed‐loop implementations of wake steering are rarely presented. We present a model‐free closed‐loop control method using reinforcement learning methodology known as policy gradients in combination with recursive least squares to perform real‐time wake steering in a wind farm. We present dynamic simulations of a four‐turbine wind farm row using HAWC2Farm, implementing the reinforcement learning control method for various inflow conditions and controller configurations. By controlling the three most upstream turbines, mean power gains of
 and
 (95% confidence interval) are observed in partial wake and full wake conditions respectively at 7.5% turbulence intensity. The study helps to bridge the gap between theoretical wind farm control and real‐world wind farm systems.
Improved disinfection byproduct removal using a polysulfone membrane loaded with powdered activated carbon
Authors: Hou Yizhi , Mayer Brooke K.
Published: July 2023

Powdered activated carbon was immobilized by casting it in a polysulfone polymer membrane, which was then tested for disinfection byproduct (chloroform) and bacteria (Escherichia coli) removal. The membrane prepared using 90% T20 carbon and 10% polysulfone (M20‐90) provided a filtration capacity of 2783 L m−2, adsorption capacity of 2.85 mg g−1, and 95% chloroform removal in a 10 s empty bed contact time. Flaws and cracks on the membrane surface caused by the carbon particles appeared to reduce chloroform and E. coli removal. To overcome this challenge, up to six layers of the M20‐90 membrane were overlapped, which improved chloroform filtration capacity by 94.6%, to 5416 L m−2, and increased the adsorption capacity by 93.3%, to 5.51 mg g−1. E. coli removal also increased from 2.5 logs reduction using a single membrane layer to 6.3 logs using six layers under 10 psi feed pressure. The filtration flux declined from 6.94 m3 m−2 day−1 psi−1 for a single layer (0.45 mm thick) to 1.26 m3 m−2 day−1 psi−1 for the six‐layer membrane system (2.7 mm thick). This work demonstrated the feasibility of using powdered activated carbon immobilized on a membrane to improve chloroform adsorption and filtration capacity while simultaneously removing microbes.

Practitioner Points

Powdered activated carbon was immobilized on a membrane to improve chloroform adsorption and filtration capacity while simultaneously removing microbes.

Membranes made with the smaller carbon particles (T20) delivered better chloroform adsorption performance.

Use of multiple layers of the membrane further improved chloroform and Escherichia coli removal.
Effects of rotation and electric bias in the semi‐infinite piezoelectric medium on Rayleigh wave velocity
Authors: Yuan Xiaoguang , Gao Zefeng , Hao Chaoyu , Jiang Quan
Published: July 2023

The properties of Rayleigh wave velocity are analyzed by considering the rotation and electric bias. The algebraic equation is derived for determining the piezoelectric Rayleigh wave velocity analytically and numerically for Lithium Niobate. The main results reveal that the rotation as well as electric bias has exerted an appreciable influence on the wave velocity. Particularly, the Coriolis force under the rotatory condition can decrease wave velocity considerably, and such attributes are significant for the acoustic electronics.
On buoyancy‐driven viscous incompressible flows with various types of boundary conditions
Authors: Beneš Michal , Kučera Petr , Vacková Petra
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the initial‐boundary‐value problem for time‐dependent flows of heat‐conducting incompressible fluids through the two‐dimensional channel. The boundary conditions are of two types: the so‐called “do nothing” boundary condition on the outflow and the so‐called Navier boundary conditions on the solid walls of the channel. A priori estimates play a crucial role in existential analysis, however, the considered mixed boundary conditions do not enable us to derive an energy‐type estimate of the solution. Our aim is to prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution on a sufficiently short time interval for arbitrarily large data.
Alltägliche Lebenssituation von Kindern mit sprachlichen Beeinträchtigungen als handlungstheoretisch fundierter diagnostischer Gegenstand: Entwicklung, Erprobung und Evaluation eines Analyseverfahrens für die pädagogische Sprachdiagnostik
Authors: Schlüter Saskia
Published: July 2023

Im vorliegenden Kapitel steht das im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit eigenständig entwickelte Verfahren zur Erfassung und Auswertung von Informationen zur alltäglichen Lebenssituation von Schulkindern mit sprachlichen Beeinträchtigungen im Mittelpunkt. Bei der Vorgehensweise zur Erfassung und Auswertung wird wie folgt vorgegangen: Eine diagnostizierende Person führt ein Gespräch mit dem an der Diagnostik beteiligten Kind und fragt gezielt nach alltäglichen Handlungen und Handlungsbegründungen. Das Gespräch wird protokolliert, um die Notizen für die spätere Auswertung nutzen zu können.
Zusammenfassung, Diskussion und Reflexion des gesamten theoretischen und empirischen Prozesses
Authors: Schlüter Saskia
Published: July 2023

In Kapitel 7 werden zentrale Befunde der vorliegenden Arbeit zusammengefasst, diskutiert und reflektiert. Zunächst wird eine theoretische Zusammenfassung (7.1) vorgenommen, bei der die vier theoretischen Bezugssysteme im Fokus stehen, um mit Bezug auf dieses theoretische Fundament im nachfolgenden Abschnitt die Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen (7.2) vornehmen zu können. Es werden also die erste Forschungsfrage der vorliegenden Arbeit nach der Konzeptualisierung von alltäglicher Lebenssituation sowie die zweite Forschungsfrage der vorliegenden Arbeit nach der methodischen Umsetzung der Erfassung und Auswertung von Informationen zur alltäglichen Lebenssituation von Schulkindern mit sprachlichen Beeinträchtigungen beantwortet.
Equation of state and speed of sound of isospin-asymmetric QCD on the lattice
Authors: Brandt B. B. , Cuteri F. , Endrődi G.
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We determine the QCD equation of state at nonzero temperature in the presence of an isospin asymmetry between the light quark chemical potentials on the lattice. Our simulations employ Nf = 2 + 1 flavors of dynamical staggered quarks at physical masses, using three different lattice spacings. The main results, obtained at the individual lattice spacings, are based on a two-dimensional spline interpolation of the isospin density, from which all relevant quantities can be obtained analytically. In particular, we present results for the pressure, the interaction measure, the energy and entropy densities, as well as the speed of sound. Remarkably, the latter is found to exceed its ideal gas limit deep in the pion condensed phase, the first account of the violation of this limit in first principles QCD. Finally, we also compute the phase diagram in the temperature — isospin density plane for the first time. Even though the results are not continuum extrapolated and thus not final, the data for all observables will be useful for the benchmarking of effective theories and low-energy models of QCD and are provided in ancillary files for simple reuse.
TCFHs and hidden symmetries of type IIA AdS backgrounds
Authors: Papadopoulos G. , Phillips J.
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We present the twisted covariant form hierarchies (TCFHs) of warped (massive) IIA AdS backgrounds. As a consequence we demonstrate that all Killing spinor form bilinears satisfy a generalisation of the conformal Killing-Yano equation with respect to the TCFH connections. We also explore some of the properties of TCFHs which include the reduced holonomy of the minimal TCFH connections for generic backgrounds. Furthermore, we investigate the interplay between TCFHs and hidden symmetries of probes propagating on IIA AdS backgrounds. We find that some of the Killing spinor form bilinears of near horizon geometries of a class of IIA intersecting brane configurations are Killing-Yano forms and so generate hidden symmetries for spinning particle probes.
Looking outside the box: a comparative cross-kingdom view on the cell biology of the three major lineages of eukaryotic multicellular life
Authors: Panstruga Ralph , Antonin Wolfram , Lichius Alexander
Published: July 2023

Many cell biological facts that can be found in dedicated scientific textbooks are based on findings originally made in humans and/or other mammals, including respective tissue culture systems. They are often presented as if they were universally valid, neglecting that many aspects differ—in part considerably—between the three major kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotic life, comprising animals, plants and fungi. Here, we provide a comparative cross-kingdom view on the basic cell biology across these lineages, highlighting in particular essential differences in cellular structures and processes between phyla. We focus on key dissimilarities in cellular organization, e.g. regarding cell size and shape, the composition of the extracellular matrix, the types of cell–cell junctions, the presence of specific membrane-bound organelles and the organization of the cytoskeleton. We further highlight essential disparities in important cellular processes such as signal transduction, intracellular transport, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cytokinesis. Our comprehensive cross-kingdom comparison emphasizes overlaps but also marked differences between the major lineages of the three kingdoms and, thus, adds to a more holistic view of multicellular eukaryotic cell biology.
Exceptionally Cold and Warm Spring Months in Kraków Against the Background of Atmospheric Circulation (1874–2022)
Authors: Bielec-Bąkowska Zuzanna , Twardosz Robert
Published: July 2023

In the changing climate, exceptionally warm (EWMs) and dry spring months are increasingly observed. At the same time, exceptionally cold months (ECMs) are less frequent, although their impact on a warming climate becomes significant. Due to the role that such climatic anomalies play in the environment and their effects on human activity, it is very important to explain the causes of their occurrence. For this reason, in this study, the authors have attempted to determine the circulation conditions favourable to the occurrence of extremely cold (ECM) and warm (EWM) spring months in Kraków in the years 1874–2022. The study used the average temperature of individual spring months (March–May), as well as types of atmospheric circulation and air masses from the daily Calendar of Atmospheric Circulation Types for southern Poland. A distinct increase in spring air temperature (0.181 °C/10 years) and its individual months (0.162–0.191 °C/10 years) was confirmed. It was accompanied by a significant increase in the occurrence of EWM and a decrease in ECM. It was also found that the direction of air advection and the related temperature characteristics of air masses have the greatest impact on the occurrence of exceptionally cold or warm months. A slight positive effect of zonal circulation on the temperature increase at the beginning of the spring season and the advection of air from the south in April and east in May was found. In the case of the coldest months (ECMs), low temperatures most often developed in the presence of advection from the NW-N-NE directions.
Crosstalk between immune checkpoint and DNA damage response inhibitors for radiosensitization of tumors
Authors: Classen Sandra , Petersen Cordula , Borgmann Kerstin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This review article is intended to provide a perspective overview of potential strategies to overcome radiation resistance of tumors through the combined use of immune checkpoint and DNA repair inhibitors.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the terms (“DNA repair* and DNA damage response* and intracellular immune response* and immune checkpoint inhibition* and radio*”) until January 31, 2023. Articles were manually selected based on their relevance to the topics analyzed.

Results

Modern radiotherapy offers a wide range of options for tumor treatment. Radiation-resistant subpopulations of the tumor pose a particular challenge for complete cure. This is due to the enhanced activation of molecular defense mechanisms that prevent cell death because of DNA damage. Novel approaches to enhance tumor cure are provided by immune checkpoint inhibitors, but their effectiveness, especially in tumors without increased mutational burden, also remains limited. Combining inhibitors of both immune checkpoints and DNA damage response with radiation may be an attractive option to augment existing therapies and is the subject of the data summarized here.

Conclusion

The combination of tested inhibitors of DNA damage and immune responses in preclinical models opens additional attractive options for the radiosensitization of tumors and represents a promising application for future therapeutic approaches.
Hirnabszess als Komplikation bei pulmonaler Manifestation einer HHT
Authors: Müller May Cathleen , Weiler-Normann Christina , Meyer Mathias , Schramm Christoph , Buescher Gustav
Published: July 2023

Bei einer 43-jährigen Patientin mit einem komplikativen Verlauf eines Hirnabszesses konnte im Martin Zeitz Centrum für Seltene Erkrankungen die Diagnose „hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie“ (HHT) gestellt werden. Ursächlich für den Hirnabszess zeigten sich HHT-typische pulmonale arteriovenöse Malformationen (AVM). Bei Patient:innen mit kryptogenem Hirnabszess sollte regelhaft ein Screening auf pulmonale AVM und HHT durchgeführt werden. Die vorliegende Kasuistik verdeutlicht den hohen Stellenwert der ausführlichen Anamnese sowie die interdisziplinäre Behandlung bei komplexen Verläufen seltener Erkrankungen.
Transient stability analysis of DFIG-based wind farm-integrated power system considering gearbox ratio and reactive power control
Authors: Shabani Hamid Reza , Hajizadeh Amin , Kalantar Mohsen , Lashgari Mahmoud , Nozarian Mahdi
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, integration of large-scale wind farms (WFs) into power systems is experiencing rapid growth. As this rapid integration can affect transient stability significantly, employing doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines, which have shown better behavior regarding system stability, has attracted much attention. This research contributes to the literature by investigating the transient stability of the power system with increasing penetration of DFIG-based WFs. In the proposed framework, the current-balance form is utilized for the network equations, and in this way, transient stability is performed using time-domain simulation. According to the simulation results, when the rate of wind power generation exceeds 0.7 per-unit, the increasing trend of the critical clearing time (CCT) is reversed and the CCT decreases greatly with the increased wind power penetration. In addition, the reactive power compensation by DFIG, the gearbox ratio, the power system strength, and DFIG parameters are comprehensively investigated as effective parameters on transient stability. Since the rated rotor speed of DFIG significantly impacts the electrical torque and machine currents, the reduction of the rated rotor speed due to the change of the gearbox ratio has been investigated as one of the effective factors to improve the transient stability. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving power system transient stability.
High-temperature behavior of quartz-in-garnet system revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Morana Marta , Angel Ross J. , Alvaro Matteo , Mihailova Boriana
Published: July 2023

Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth crust and therefore quartz inclusions in garnet are of great interest for elastic geobarometry, an approach that exploits the elastic properties of the mineral pair to back-calculate the conditions of inclusion entrapment. However, the high-temperature behavior of quartz inclusions close to the $$\alpha$$
α
–$$\beta$$
β
transition boundary has not been studied experimentally. We have therefore performed in situ high-temperature Raman spectroscopy on a quartz-in-garnet system up to 1000 K, and have also collected an improved reference data set for the temperature dependence of the Raman scattering of free quartz. Our results show that the $$\alpha$$
α
-to-$$\beta$$
β
phase transition is hindered by the stress imposed by the host on the quartz inclusion, resulting in a thermosalient effect of the whole host-inclusion system or a mechanical cracking of the host mineral.
Experience and perceptions among rheumatoid arthritis patients following a telehealth-delivered dietary intervention: a qualitative study
Authors: Raad Tala , Griffin Anne , George Elena S. , Larkin Louise , Fraser Alexander , Kennedy Norelee , Tierney Audrey
Published: July 2023

The effects of dietary modifications have been assessed in people living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with consistent benefits reported from clinical trials. However, the lived experience of making and sustaining positive dietary changes for people with RA remains unknown. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of adults with RA and their perceptions of a 12-week telehealth-delivered dietary intervention and to assess the acceptability of the programme. Qualitative data was collected via four online focus groups with participants who had just completed a 12-week dietary intervention programme delivered through telehealth methods. Thematic analysis was used to code and summarize the identified key themes. Twenty-one adults with RA (47.5 ± 12.3 years, 90.5% females) were included in this qualitative study. Overarching themes included: (a) motivation to join the programme, (b) benefits of the programme, (c) factors influencing adherence to dietary prescription, and (d) advantages and disadvantages of telehealth. The study demonstrated that a dietary intervention delivered through telehealth methods by a Registered Dietitian (RD) appears to be well-accepted and may be used to complement face-to-face care for people with RA. The identified factors influencing the adoption of a healthier eating pattern will aid in the development of future dietary interventions for a RA population.
On efficiency in disagreement economies
Authors: Heyerdahl-Larsen Christian , Walden Johan
Published: July 2023

We analyze multiple-beliefs based efficiency measures in economies with risk and disagreement, including belief neutral efficiency and inefficiency, incomplete knowledge efficiency, efficiency based on unanimity, and utility aggregators that minimize Bergson welfare functions over multiple beliefs. We provide equivalence results under technical conditions that are satisfied in several work-horse economies, including the exchange economy and a standard economy with a linear production technology. We also provide several examples for which these measures differ. Our results show that the further away one gets from the standard exchange economy, the more the different multiple-beliefs based measures differ in the allocations they identify as efficient, in general. Consequently, the more important the choice of efficiency measure becomes.
CAS FGOALS-f3-L Model Datasets for CMIP6 DCPP Experiment
Authors: Hu Shuai , Wu Bo , Wang Yiming , Zhou Tianjun , Yu Yongqiang , He Bian , Lin Pengfei , Bao Qing , Liu Hailong , Chen Kangjun , Zhao Shuwen
Published: July 2023

The outputs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS-f3-L) model for the decadal climate prediction project (DCPP) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are described in this paper. The FGOALS-f3-L was initialized through the upgraded, weakly coupled data assimilation scheme, referred to as EnOI-IAU, which assimilates observational anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) and upper-level (0–1000-m) ocean temperature and salinity profiles into the coupled model. Then, nine ensemble members of 10-year hindcast/forecast experiments were conducted for each initial year over the period of 1960–2021, based on initial conditions produced by three initialization experiments. The hindcast and forecast experiments follow the experiment designs of the Component-A and Component-B of the DCPP, respectively. The decadal prediction output datasets contain a total of 44 monthly mean atmospheric and oceanic variables. The preliminary evaluation indicates that the hindcast experiments show significant predictive skill for the interannual variations of SST in the north Pacific and multi-year variations of SST in the subtropical Pacific and the southern Indian Ocean.
Chest configuration in children and adolescents with infantile nephropathic cystinosis compared with other chronic kidney disease entities and its clinical determinants
Authors: Müller Sophia , Kluck Rika , Jagodzinski Celina , Brügelmann Malina , Hohenfellner Katharina , Büscher Anja , Kemper Markus J. , Fröde Kerstin , Oh Jun , Billing Heiko , Thumfart Julia , Weber Lutz T. , Acham-Roschitz Birgit , Arbeiter Klaus , Tönshoff Burkhard , Hagenberg Martina , Pavičić Leo , Haffner Dieter , Zivicnjak Miroslav
Published: July 2023

Background

Infantile nephropathic cystinosis (INC) is a systemic lysosomal storage disease causing intracellular cystine accumulation, resulting in renal Fanconi syndrome, progressive kidney disease (CKD), rickets, malnutrition, and myopathy. An INC-specific disproportionately diminished trunk length compared to leg length poses questions regarding the functionality of the trunk.

Methods

Thus, we prospectively investigated thoracic dimensions and proportions, as well as their clinical determinants in 44 pediatric patients with INC with CKD stages 1–5 and 97 age-matched patients with CKD of other etiology between the ages of 2–17 years. A total of 92 and 221 annual measurements of patients with INC and CKD, respectively, were performed, and associations between anthropometric and clinical parameters were assessed using linear mixed-effects models.

Results

Patients with INC exhibited altered chest dimensions that were distinct from CKD controls, characterized by markedly increased chest depth to height and chest depth to chest width ratio z-scores (> 1.0), while those of patients with CKD were only mildly affected (z-score within ± 1.0). Ratio z-scores differed significantly between both patient groups from 2–6 years of age onward. The degree of chest disproportion in INC patients was significantly associated with both the degree of CKD and tubular dysfunction (e.g., low serum phosphate and bicarbonate) across three different age groups (2–6, 7–12, and 13–17 years).

Conclusion

Our data show an INC-specific alteration in thoracic shape from early childhood onward, which is distinct from CKD of other etiologies, suggesting early childhood subclinical changes of the musculoskeletal unit of the thoracic cage, which are associated with kidney function.

Graphical abstract
The effective threshold dose of etanercept in patients with methotrexate-resistant rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chen Fangfang , Lang Yitian , Geng Shikai , Wang Xiaodong , Lu Liangjing , Ye Shuang , Zhang Le , Li Ting
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was advanced by biological agents, yet costly. This study aims to identify the effective threshold dose of etanercept (ENT) and cost-effectiveness in methotrexate (MTX)-resistant RA in real world.

Methods

Eligible patients had an inadequate response (DAS28-ESR > 3.2) to initial MTX monotherapy, and subsequently received etanercept. The effective cut-off value of cumulative dose was identified to maintain remission response (DAS28-ESR < 2.6) at month 24 by using restricted cubic splines. Remission rate, low disease activity (LDA) rate, glucocorticoid exposure, safety, and cost-effectiveness were compared between the saturated and non-saturated dose groups divided by the cut-off dose.

Results

Seventy-eight (14.2%) of 549 enrolled patients were eligible, and 72 patients completed follow-up. The 2-year cumulative cut-off dose that maintained remission response at 24 months was 1975 mg. And the recommended threshold dosing strategy of etanercept was twice weekly (BIW) for the first 6 months, every week (QW) for the next 6 months, and every 2 weeks (Q2W) and every month (QM) for the second year. Greater net changes in DAS28-ESR score were observed in the ENT saturated dose group than in the non-saturated dose group (average change 0.569, 95%CI 0.236–0.901, p = 0.001). The proportion of patients achieving remission (27.8% vs 72.2%, p < 0.001) and LDA (58.3% vs 83.3%, p = 0.020) in the non-saturated group was both significantly lower than that in the saturated group at 24 months. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the saturated group referred to the non-saturated group was 5791.2 $/QALY.

Conclusions

In refractory RA patients, the effective cumulative cut-off dose of etanercept for sustained remission at 24 months was calculated as 1975 mg, and receiving saturated dose was more effective and cost-effective than with non-saturated dose.

Key Points• The effective cumulative cut-off dose of etanercept for sustained remission at 24 months in RA patients is calculated as 1975 mg.• Receiving saturated dose of etanercept is more effective and cost-effective than with non-saturated dose in refractory RA patients.
Tropical medians by transportation
Authors: Comăneci Andrei , Joswig Michael
Published: July 2023

Fermat–Weber points with respect to an asymmetric tropical distance function are studied. It turns out that they correspond to the optimal solutions of a transportation problem. The results are applied to obtain a new method for computing consensus trees in phylogenetics. This method has several desirable properties; e.g., it is Pareto and co-Pareto on rooted triplets.
Identification of RNA-binding protein YBX3 as an oncogene in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chen , You Zhijie , He Yihui , Chen Xin
Published: July 2023

Y box binding protein 3 (YBX3) is an indispensable factor for protein synthesis, cellular growth, and proliferation, and is intricately involved in the progression of diverse tumor types. The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of YBX3 in the prognosis, immune infiltration, and progression of clear cell renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The expression level of YBX3 in ccRCC tissues was compared using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Logistic regression and multivariate Cox analyses were subsequently employed to scrutinize the association between YBX3 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. The TIMER 2.0 tool was also utilized to quantify the degree of immune cell infiltration of YBX3. Kaplan Meier analysis was performed to assess the correlation between YBX3 and the survival rate. A high expression level of YBX3 was significantly correlated with the tumor pathological stage, histological grade, TNM stage, and the abundance of aDC, pDC, Th1, and Treg immune cells. Higher expression of YBX3 in advanced ccRCC was found to be associated with a lower overall survival rate in the M0, N0, and T2 subgroups. In vitro, after the silencing of YBX3 in A498 cells and overexpression of YBX3 in ACHN cells, cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, cell cycle assays, and flow cytometric apoptotic analysis were performed to evaluate the role of YBX3 in the progression of ccRCC. YBX3 was found to be intricately associated with the progression and prognosis of ccRCC, and may serve as an effective treatment target for ccRCC or a biomarker for prognosis prediction.