bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quarentemas
Authors: Viana Anderson , Oliveira Marcia , Santos Julianne , Hora e Souza Olga , Borges Rafael
Published: November 2020

O presente relato de experiência discorre sobre o projeto de extensão Quarentemas. Tal projeto, elaborado e realizado no contexto da pandemia do Covid-19, propõe-se a apresentar discussões e reflexões sobre temas atuais e relevantes para discentes e ex-discentes da Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí-UFRN por meio de transmissões ao vivo na rede social Instagram. O projeto foi concebido a fim de auxiliar no enfrentamento ao isolamento social vivido no cenário atual, tendo a interdisciplinaridade como princípio norteador e organizador das discussões e a tecnologia como ferramenta de comunicação e aprendizagem. Até o momento, percebe-se, a partir do número de participantes e das interações realizadas, que o Quarentemas tem desempenhado um papel importante, servindo como forma de acesso ao conhecimento e auxiliando no equilíbrio emocional.

Palavras-chave: Enfrentamento ao isolamento social; Interdisciplinaridade; Tecnologia.
TELEATENDIMENTO NO CONTROLE DA COVID-19 NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: De Medeiros Amancio Amanda , Carmélia Monteiro Viana Jaiane , Cavalcante de Sousa Lucas , Iris Melo da Cunha Rayrane , Ângela Fernandes Ferreira Maria
Published: November 2020

Diante da magnitude da pandemia do novo coronavírus, a rotina da população em geral e dos serviços de saúde se modificou. Grande parte do atendimento à população passou a ser feito a distância, com o auxílio de ferramentas de tecnologia como telefones e computadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o serviço  de teleatendimento oferecido à população do Rio Grande do Norte, através de uma central de call-center, do site Orienta Coronavírus RN e do WhatsApp. O trabalho foi realizado por alunos, professores e profissionais da saúde de várias instituições, todos qualificados para oferecer informações confiáveis à sociedade. Dessa forma, o projeto colaborou na redução das incertezas da população sobre o COVID-19, reduzindo a busca por informações no sistema de saúde, bem como contribuindo com a formação acadêmica dos estudantes na perspectiva da interprofissionalidade.
BIBLIOTERAPIA E MEIOS DIGITAIS EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19
Authors: SANTOS GLORIA DE FÁTIMA LIMA DOS , LIMA DOS SANTOS NACIF OLIVEIRA ARIEL , PRISCILLA DOS SANTOS GUEVARA ISABEL , DOS SANTOS MILENA , COSTA RIBEIRO TAMILES
Published: November 2020

Este artigo reflete sobre a relevância da extensão em tempos de crise como um espaço de multiplicação de cuidados e de estímulo à resiliência. Objetiva descrever um relato de experiência de extensão em tempos de COVID-19 e analisar o efeito de reversibilidade da ação que visa promover a resiliência por meio da biblioterapia e, por consequência, causa nos mediadores uma atitude proativa, de atos solidários e de alteridade. A metodologia dialógica e interativa revela-se como reversível alcançando mediadores de leitura e público na promoção do bem estar e da catarse em meio ao caos. As conclusões revelam um upgrade na motivação dos mediadores, maior intensidade e compreensão da relevância de ações extensionistas como espaço de alteridade e compromisso social, político e afetivo com a comunidade assistida.
A URGÊNCIA DO ANTROPOCENO
Authors: Claudino-Sales Vanda de
Published: November 2020

As forças externas que controlam a dinâmica da Terra têm sido as astronômicas e geofísicas, durante quase toda a existência de 4,5 bilhões de anos do planeta. Nas últimas seis décadas, as forçantes antrópicas êm provocado taxas de mudança excepcionalmente rápidas. Este novo regime foi representado por uma "Equação do Antropoceno", na qual a forçante antrópica se torna comparável às forçantes naturais ou até mesmo dominante em relação a elas.. Uma das consequências das mudanças antrópicas é o aquecimento global. Os geógrafos decidiram, até agora, não tomar parte ativa dessa discussão. No entanto, a gravidade da situação exige outra atitude dos geógrafos, para ajudar a evitar uma catástrofe global de caráter ambiental e social. Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre essas situações, tendo como metodologia a análise de material sobre o tema.
Mosty nad przepaścią? W odpowiedzi Michałowi Piekarskiemu
Authors: Płotka Witold
Published: November 2020

Artykuł jest dyskusją z wybranymi elementami interpretacji pracy Witolda Płotki pt. Studia z fenomenologii poznania. Transcendentalna filozofia Edmunda Husserla a problem wiedzy, którą sformułował Michał Piekarski. W artykule pyta się o relację metody fenomenologicznej do szeroko pojętego postępowania analitycznego, wskazując na podobieństwa i różnice pomiędzy oboma podejściami. Ponadto autor przybliża rozumienie języka przez Husserla, zwłaszcza w kontekście analizy noematu.
New Approaches for the Treatment of Chagas Disease
Authors: Pandey Ramendra Pati , Nascimento Marilda Savoia , Moore Catrin E. , Raj V. Samuel , Kalil Jorge , Cunha-Neto Edecio
Published: November 2020

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is a neglected tropical disease
with high prevalence (5.7 million in Latin America, WHO 2015), significant burden, and significant
morbimortality mostly due to severe heart disorders during the chronic phase of infection.
Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America, and medical care for the disease is the major expense
for Brazil’s Universal Healthcare System (Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). The efficacy of the available
drugs benznidazole and nifurtimox are low for the chronic phase of Chagas disease, the phase
in which most patients are diagnosed, and there are frequent side effects, and drug resistance occurs.
The rapid deployment of new drug regimens that are effective for the chronic phase treatment
is low-cost and less toxic than the currently available therapy, which is a global priority. Repurposing
drugs already in clinical use with other combinations would be the fastest and safest strategy
for treating Chagas disease patients. We hypothesize that the combined treatment using repurposing
drugs with benznidazole will be more efficacious than benznidazole alone. This needs to be tested
further both in vitro and in animal models to understand the efficacy of the treatment before performing
human clinical trials. We further hypothesize that producing nanoparticle formulation of
the drugs can reduce their toxicity and improve therapeutic use.
GLP-1RA and SGLT2i: Cardiovascular Impact on Diabetic Patients
Authors: Pablo Aschner , Evelyn Blanc , Claudia Folino , Yanina Morosán A.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Diabetes is a chronic disease with high complexity that demands strategic medical care with a multifactorial risk-reduction approach. Over the past decade, the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has entirely changed. One of the paradigm changes has been the arrival of new drugs that reduce cardiovascular risk beyond the reduction of A1C.

Objective:

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) are two groups of antidiabetics drugs, which have demonstrated superiority compared to placebo for major cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods:

We update and discuss their impact on MACE expressed as relative risk (HR hazard ratio) and as the number needed to treat (NNT) to avoid one cardiovascular event in 5 years. We include the publications of the last 10 years.

Results:

Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin and Dapagliflozin present an HR for MACE of 0.86, 0.86, 0.86 and an NNT of 38, 44, and 33, respectively (Dapagliflozin in secondary prevention). Regarding HHF (Hospitalization for Heart Failure), the HR was 0.65, 0.67, 0.73 and NNT was 44, 62, and 98, respectively. Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Liragutide, Semaglutide, Albiglutide and Dulaglutide presented for MACE an HR of 1.02, 0.91, 0.87, 0.74, 0.78, 0.88, respectively. There was no increase in the risk of HHF, but there was no benefit either.

Conclusion:

Cardiovascular benefits of the GLP-1RA and the SGLT2i are clinically significant. A number needed to treat under 50 is required to avoid one MACE in five years. These benefits have led to important changes in the Clinical Practice Guidelines and in the care of our patients with T2DM.
Multi-modal Medical Image Fusion Algorithm Based on Spatial Frequency Motivated PA-PCNN in the NSST Domain
Authors: Vanitha K. , Satyanarayana D. , Prasad M.N.G.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Image fusion has been grown as an effectual method in diseases related diagnosis
schemes. Methods: In this paper, a new method for combining multimodal medical images
using spatial frequency motivated parameter-adaptive PCNN (SF-PAPCNN) is suggested. The multi-
modal images are disintegrated into frequency bands by using decomposition NSST. The coefficients
of low frequency bands are selected using maximum rule. The coefficients of high frequency
bands are combined by SF-PAPCNN.

Methods:

In this paper, a new method for combining multimodal medical images using spatial frequency
motivated parameter-adaptive PCNN (SF-PAPCNN) is suggested. The multi-modal images
are disintegrated into frequency bands by using decomposition NSST. The coefficients of low frequency
bands are selected using maximum rule. The coefficients of high frequency bands are combined
by SF-PAPCNN.

Results:

The fused medical images is obtained by applying INSST to above coefficients.

Conclusion:

The quality metrics such as entropy ENT, fusion symmetry FS, deviation STD, mutual
information QMI and edge strength QAB/F are used to validate the efficacy of suggested scheme.
AN ANALYSIS OF CONTRIBUTING FACTORS IN NURSESâ€™ ACCURACY WHILE CONDUCTING TRIAGE IN EMERGENCY ROOM
Authors: Atmaja Ria Ramadhani Dwi , Hidayat Mohammad , Fathoni Mukhamad
Published: November 2020

Triage is aimed to arrange treatment priority to patients with different levels of urgency.These nurses who are responsible for triage must conduct standardized procedure. Hence,these nurse must acquire certain competency required to conduct triage. The competencyincludes basic knowledge, skills and attitude. Besides that, there are several contributingfactors playing significant role in triage procedure implementation, which is intrinsicfactors. Regarding to those factors, this study aimed to analyze those contributing factorsaffecting nursesâ€™ accuracy in doing triage procedure in emergency room. This studyemployed correlational analytic design accompanied with cross sectional approach. Thepopulation in this study was all nurses who worked actively in the Emergency Room atRSUD in Malang Regency and Blitar City and thirty two respondents are taken as thesamples using population total method. The data is collected using observation sheetand questionnaire. The data analyzed through Partial Least Squares (PLS). It is showedthat knowledge level (p-value 0.000), skill level (p-value 0.000), attitude (p-value 0.000),intrinsic factors (p-value 0.000) are related to nursesâ€™ accuracy in implementing triageprocedure. Therefore, based on those findings, the hospitalâ€™s management is suggested toimprove their nursesâ€™ competency in implementing triage, especially by recommendingthem to participate in advanced emergency training and triage course.
Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review
Authors: Eberle Claudia , Löhnert Maxine , Stichling Stefanie
Published: November 2020

Background

According to the World Health Organization, the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing dramatically and DM comprises a large part of the global burden of disease. At the same time, the ongoing digitalization that is occurring in society today offers novel possibilities to deal with this challenge, such as the creation of mobile health (mHealth) apps. However, while a great variety of DM-specific mHealth apps exist, the evidence in terms of their clinical effectiveness is still limited.

Objective

The objective of this review was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of mHealth apps in DM management by analyzing health-related outcomes in patients diagnosed with type 1 DM (T1DM), type 2 DM (T2DM), and gestational DM.

Methods

A scoping review was performed. A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for studies published between January 2008 and October 2020. The studies were categorized by outcomes and type of DM. In addition, we carried out a meta-analysis to determine the impact of DM-specific mHealth apps on the management of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Results

In total, 27 studies comprising 2887 patients were included. We analyzed 19 randomized controlled trials, 1 randomized crossover trial, 1 exploratory study, 1 observational study, and 5 pre-post design studies. Overall, there was a clear improvement in HbA1c values in patients diagnosed with T1DM and T2DM. In addition, positive tendencies toward improved self-care and self-efficacy as a result of mHealth app use were found. The meta-analysis revealed an effect size, compared with usual care, of a mean difference of –0.54% (95% CI –0.8 to –0.28) for T2DM and –0.63% (95% CI –0.93 to –0.32) for T1DM.

Conclusions

DM-specific mHealth apps improved the glycemic control by significantly reducing HbA1c values in patients with T1DM and T2DM patients. In general, mHealth apps effectively enhanced DM management. However, further research in terms of clinical effectiveness needs to be done in greater detail.
Integrating Patient Priorities with Science by Community Engagement in the Kidney Precision Medicine Project
Authors: Tuttle Katherine R. , Knight Richard , Appelbaum Paul S. , Arora Tanima , Bansal Shweta , Bebiak Jack , Brown Keith , Campbell Catherine , Cooperman Leslie , Corona-Villalobos Celia P. , Dighe Ashveena , de Boer Ian H. , Hall Daniel E. , Jefferson Nichole , Jolly Stacey , Kermani Asra , Lee Simon C. , Mehl Karla , Murugan Raghavan , Roberts Glenda V. , Rosas Sylvia E. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Miller R. Tyler ,   for the Kidney Precision Medicine Project
Published: November 2020

The Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) is a multisite study designed to improve understanding of CKD attributed to diabetes or hypertension and AKI by performing protocol-driven kidney biopsies. Study participants and their kidney tissue samples undergo state-of-the-art deep phenotyping using advanced molecular, imaging, and data analytical methods. Few patients participate in research design or concepts for discovery science. A major goal of the KPMP is to include patients as equal partners to inform the research for clinically relevant benefit. The purpose of this report is to describe patient and community engagement and the value they bring to the KPMP. Patients with CKD and AKI and clinicians from the study sites are members of the Community Engagement Committee, with representation on other KPMP committees. They participate in KPMP deliberations to address scientific, clinical, logistic, analytic, ethical, and community engagement issues. The Community Engagement Committee guides KPMP research priorities from perspectives of patients and clinicians. Patients led development of essential study components, including the informed consent process, no-fault harm insurance coverage, the ethics statement, return of results plan, a “Patient Primer” for scientists and the public, and Community Advisory Boards. As members across other KPMP committees, the Community Engagement Committee assures that the science is developed and conducted in a manner relevant to study participants and the clinical community. Patients have guided the KPMP to produce research aligned with their priorities. The Community Engagement Committee partnership has set new benchmarks for patient leadership in precision medicine research.
Pensar desde la epistemología feminista. Algunas pistas para recoger la genealogía de las mujeres en las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Araiza Díaz Alejandra
Published: November 2020

La ciencia moderna ha representado una serie de quiebres con respecto a la figura del mundo medieval, lo que la ha convertido en una empresa transformadora. No obstante, también ha sido un discurso y un sistema de exclusión que se ha extendido hasta el surgimiento de las ciencias sociales. Las mujeres y otras subjetividades se han quedado confinadas en los márgenes del quehacer científico. El objetivo en el presente texto es hacer un recorrido genealógico -y en clave feminista- por la historia de la ciencia para rescatar las experiencias de las mujeres y sus trastrocamientos al quehacer científico -desde una perspectiva de género- con el fin de apostar por una ciencia (social) feminista.
El diagnóstico de la modernidad desde la mirada femenina y feminista: el caso de Marianne Schnitger y su propuesta teórico-metodológica
Authors: Vollbert Romero Amada , García Crisóstomo Mariana
Published: November 2020

En este artículo se propone una crítica en clave feminista al diagnóstico de la modernidad elaborado por los clásicos varones de la disciplina sociológica. Partimos del punto de vista feminista como fundamento epistemológico que defiende la idea de que todo conocimiento en tanto que práctica social está situado, y por tanto, existen posiciones más fiables que otras para la construcción del conocimiento, en este caso, la posición de las mujeres. Como ejemplo y tipo ideal de la masculinización de la disciplina desde su fundación tomaremos el caso de la socióloga Marianne Schnitger (1870-1954), con el objetivo de desentrañar las avenencias y diferencias de la autora con sus coetáneos varones. El análisis está elaborado no sólo a través de los temas con los que los clásicos han construido dicho diagnóstico, sino también poniendo en cuestión los presupuestos teórico-metodológicos de éstos, y dando piea lo que nosotras llamamos la metodología schnitgeriana. De esta manera buscamos observar la especificidad de la autora frente a otros sociólogos de su época y poner de relieve la mirada femenina y feminista en las problemáticas sociales que les fueron comunes.
Marianne Schnitger: pionera del estudio del proceso de individualización de la mujer
Authors: Bacca Mejía Ángela Margoth
Published: November 2020

La noción de individualización ha estado presente desde los inicios de la Sociología

como disciplina, pero en la actualidad ha adquirido un protagonismo sin precedentes.Los autores contemporáneos que se ocupan de la individualización no siempre dialogan con la tradición precedente y, cuando lo hacen, recuperan generalmente, y con razón, a Durkheim y Simmel. Marianne Schnitger, contemporánea de estos dos autores, no es tenida en cuenta, aunque haya participado en las discusiones durante este periodo fundacional de la Sociología y haya debatido con los dos autores mencionados en temas que hoy, a la luz de los procesos de individualización contemporánea, resultan claves, relacionados con el hecho de que se hayan extendido para incluir a la mujer. El artículo propone un diálogo entre los planteamientos de Schnitger sobre los cambios en la condición de la mujer en la primera década del siglo XX y los trabajos sobre la individualización de Beck y Beck-Gernsheim, que engloban bajo la fórmula de dejar de “vivir para los demás” para “vivir la propia vida”.
A fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público: uma análise a partir do princípio da equidade
Authors:   Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil, Bessa Rebelo Maria Augusta , Nogueira Leite Freitas Yan ,   Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil, Helena Laranja Bandeira Rejane ,   Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil, Neves Quadros Larissa ,   Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil, Coelho Gome Andressa s ,   Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil, Coelho Gomes Andréia ,   Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil, Ribeiro Barbosa Isabelle ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brasil, Maria Rebelo Vieira Janete ,   Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
Published: November 2020

Introdução: A fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público representa uma importante medida de saúde pública para prevenção da cárie dentária, devendo ser monitorada quanto ao teor de fluoreto em dose ideal, bem como em relação ao seu alcance populacional na perspectiva de reduzir as desigualdades e proporcionar benefícios em saúde bucal. Objetivo: O estudo avaliou a equidade na distribuição de água fluoretada na cidade de Manaus/AM, por meio da relação entre indicadores contextuais de desenvolvimento municipal e os teores de fluoreto na água de abastecimento dos bairros que compõem os distritos sanitários da cidade. Método: Realizou-se estudo ecológico transversal no período de 2016 a 2018. Amostras de água foram coletadas mensalmente de cada distrito sanitário, cujas concentrações de fluoreto foram determinadas utilizando-se um eletrodo específico. Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM), mortalidade Infantil,número de crianças fora da escola e expectativa de vida representaram os indicadores contextuais do município, obtidos a partir do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise descritiva, estatística bivariada e análise espacial. Resultados: Observou-se grande variação nos teores de fluoreto das amostras, das quais 50,02% apresentaram concentrações de fluoreto inadequadas e as maiores concentrações predominaram nas amostras coletadas no segundo semestre do ano. A distribuição espacial indicou que os bairros com melhores valores de IDHM, mortalidade infantil, número de crianças fora da escola e expectativa de vida apresentaram melhor concentração de fluoreto na água de abastecimento. Conclusões: Evidenciou-se a ausência de equidade na distribuição de água fluoretada, sugerindo que o acesso à água fluoretada reflete as desigualdades sociais presentes na própria cidade.
Editorial
Authors:   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil, Iuri Alves de Sousa Artur , Dias Vieira da Costa Ana Flávia ,   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil, Passos Guimarães Rabelo Claudia ,   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil, Fontenele Martins Mary Anne ,   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil
Published: November 2020

Uma série de desafios surgem diuturnamente para a vigilância sanitária, como recentemente, a pandemia COVID-19 pelo SARS-CoV-2. O enfrentamento destes desafios, além da execução das atividades rotineiras intrínsecas à vigilância sanitária, requer a implementação de ferramentas de gestão, que facilitem o planejamento, a execução e a avaliação, de forma a favorecer o ganho na eficiência e na eficácia, favorecendo a transformação dos processos executados pela vigilância, que tem como objetivo a promoção e proteção da saúde dos cidadãos e da sociedade. Nesse contexto, este número temático da revista Vigilância Sanitária em Debate: Sociedade, Ciência & Tecnologia (Visa em Debate) é inédito na produção do conhecimento e incentiva a institucionalização das práticas avaliativas no Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (SNVS): da proposta teórico-metodológica à vivência prática, trazendo uma série de experiências e resultados de trabalhos desenvolvidos no campo da avaliação.
Hardening mechanisms for rails metal during long-term operation
Authors: Ivanov Yu. F. , Kormyshev V. E. , Gromov V. E. , Yuriev A. A. , Glezer A. M. , Rubannikova Yu. A.
Published: November 2020

A quantitative comparative analysis of the mechanisms of hardening of the surface layers of differentially hardened 100-m rails is carried out. It was based on structure formation, phase composition, defect substructure regularities revealed by the methods of modern physical materials science. The studies were carried out at different depths of up to 10 mm in the rail head along the central axis and along the axis of symmetry of the fillet in the initial state and after various periods of extremely long-term operation (passed tonnage of 691.8 and 1411 mln. tons brutto). The contributions due to the friction of the matrix lattice, interphase boundaries, dislocation substructure, presence of carbide particles, internal stress fields, solid-solution hardening of the pearlite component of the steel structure are estimated.
Increasing the short-term mechanical properties of nickel alloys of grades SLZhS5-VI and ZhS32-VI due to program hardening combined with the aging process
Authors: Olenin M. I. , Gorynin V. I. , Turkboev A. , Makhorin V. V.
Published: November 2020

A method for improving the mechanical properties of nickel monocrystalline alloys of the SLZhS5VI and ZhS32-VI brands used for gas turbine blades by means of program hardening combined with aging is considered. The mechanical properties of nickel alloys of grades SLZhS5-VI and ZhS32-VI after homogenization, quenching and aging, combined with programmed hardening, have been determined.
On the thermocyclic tests of corset shape samples as a promising method for studying thermal fatigue
Authors: Degtyareva S. P.
Published: November 2020

The dynamics of deformation and fracture of the corset shape flat samples under cyclic heating was analyzed. These tests allow us to trace metallographic changes in the substructure of the material that is a result of its plastic deformation. The cracks appear in the first test cycles, regardless of the length of their thermal cycle mode. It means that the material is currently in a state favorable for cracking, according to the commonly accepted terminology. The damage accumulation specific for the development of thermal fatigue was completed in the first few cycles, and possibly in the zero half-cycle of tests. Test results could be explained by an excessively large plastic deformation in the cycle and confirmed by the evaluation calculation. We believe that deformation under cyclic heating in the central part of the corset shape samples is of a different mechanism if compared with cylindrical Coffin samples. Deformation occurs as a result of “external force”, which is created by the shoulders of the sample itself. The analysis showed that the range of plastic deformation changes on corset shape samples is more considerable than in the Coffin method, and it is more consistent with what is happening. It seems that thermocyclic tests of corset shape samples are promising for studying the destruction in real products subjected to cyclic heating, so it is necessary to identify dangerous zones and simulate them in corset samples. Published results of thermocyclic tests of the ZhS32 alloy were used to demonstrate the features of fracture development in corset shape samples. For a visual representation of the process in semi-cycle tests, a deformation diagram has been developed, which is useful when planning the thermocyclic tests.
The Methods nd Materials for Promoting Reading Literacy Skills for 6 to 7 Year Old Children
Authors:   University of Latvia, Tubele Sarmīte , Serova Kristīne ,   University of Latvia
Published: November 2020

This article summarizes the methods and materials for promoting literacy skills for 6 to 7 year old children. It is essential to promote reading literacy as the ability to read is one of the basic needs in modern society. It has been proved that the ability to read is correlated with one’s cognitive development, in particular with the ability to distinguish phonemes. These methods and materials are aimed at the improvement of the phonological awareness and they seek to raise a child’s interest to read. A total of 33 children, 12 parents, 5 teachers and 4 speech and language therapists participated in this study. The research included 26 training lessons. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the developed material as a reading literacy promotion tool for 6 to 7 year old children. The following research methods were used: the analysis of the scientific literature and the evaluation of the children’s reading performance. During the research the following observation was made: the most significant improvement in the reading performance was demonstrated by the first grade children as compared to kindergarten children with a linear improvement results. When interpreting the results, the following aspects should be taken into consideration: a child’s overall cognitive development, the school’s curriculum and the child’s environment.
Cultural Aspects of Sustainable Development in Teacher Education
Authors:   University of Latvia, Briška Ilze , Siliņa-Jasjukeviča Gunta ,   University of Latvia
Published: November 2020

Education for sustainable development (ESD) cannot be realized without a teacher, who thinks systematically and critically, reflects cultural and sustainable values, is authentic, self-conscious, creative, self-confident, and communicative. The aim of this study is to analyze the cultural aspect of sustainable development (SD) in education and to interpret the opportunities and risks for successful development towards the sustainability in teacher education and through the findings to make connections to general education. To reach the goal, qualitative research was conducted. The data was obtained through interviews; teacher educators were asked to share their beliefs, expectations, and experiences about the incorporation of SD into teacher education. The data were proceeded by hermeneutic analysis of text. As a result of the analysis, various combinations of study content and methods related to the cultural aspects of SD in teacher education practice were generalized. The research results identified possibilities for the development of SD through cultural aspects in teacher education.
Differentiated Activities in the Context of Inclusive Education to Enhance the Acquisition of the English Language at Primary School
Authors:   University of Latvia, Latkovska Evija , Zustrupa Endija ,   Torņkalna Private Secondary School
Published: November 2020

In the 21st century one of the reasons for teachers to pursue continuous professional development is experiencing demanding situations in their lessons, because the concept of mixed-ability teaching has broadened schools being open to diversity. Consequently, different pupils learn together in comprehensive schools and have equal rights to quality education. That also regards language learning. In the present article the authors look upon a situation in which a teacher of English in a comprehensive school has to deal with groups of primary school pupils who have varied needs and preferences for learning a foreign language both academically and socially (for example, having problems with reading and understanding the read material, focusing and keeping attention, working in pairs or groups). Therefore, the use of differentiated activities to enhance primary school pupils’ acquisition of the English language is explored. The chosen research method is a case study in which 14 primary school pupils take part. Data collection methods used in the research are observation (a teacher’s diary to notice the pupils’ strengths and weaknesses of learning English and checklists to gather the evidence of the pupils’ learning achievement) and document analysis (test evaluation forms to record the pupils’ learning results and progress). The analysis of the gathered data shows that the use of the chosen differentiated activities, which are based on the ideas of mixed-ability teaching and inclusive education, has helped the pupils improve the acquisition of the English language The results of the case study allow the authors to conclude that the varied needs and preferences pupils have for learning a foreign language are a compelling reason for teachers to find new ways of teaching to be able to help each learner prosper.
Trends in Development of Physical Ability of Students Without Prior Athletic Training
Authors:   University of Latvia, Parandjuks Rihards
Published: November 2020

The research aims to focus on the fitness of students who have not undertaken athletic training. Studies in this field have not been extensive as attention has been focused on athletes representing universities. However, the number of athletes in a university is significantly lower than that of students without prior athletic training – only about 10% of all students are athletes. This research shows that notable progress in physical ability can be achieved among students who have not yet undertaken physical training. Methodology: physical testing of 30 students after eight weeks of a training program. The obtained results were processed and analyzed with the Windows Exel program.
Mobile Learning Games for Dyslexic Young Adults
Authors:   University of Latvia, Tūbele Sarmīte
Published: November 2020

This article is devoted to revealing the theoretical background of dyslexia in young adults to substantiate the chosen approach for mobile learning games. Education in the 21st century has changed just the same as young adult learners; especially those who have some developmental problems, such as developmental dyslexia. If they are lucky to encounter smart teachers, understanding parents, siblings and peers, they succeed in the education system, they reach learning goals and are satisfied with their life quality. If there are gaps between regulations, rules and the real situation, learners lose interest in learning and especially in reading, they do not achieve their learning goals and sometimes they even experience school failure. Educators have to think about new methods, new approaches to diminish the possibilities of failure, to renew interest in learning (and especially in reading) to achieve education goals and to ensure the possibility for better life quality. The article deals with theoretical findings in differences of dyslexia in young adults and the role of technologies and educational mobile games in the learning process.
Legal Aspects of Parental Responsibility in the Education of a Child
Authors:   Rīga Stradiņš University, Erdmanis Rihards
Published: November 2020

In the Latvian education system, the legal relationship between parents and the school is important. The child’s parents are obliged to take the child to school. It means that the State implements an education policy in line with both the findings based on educational science and that the child’s right to education is ensured at least at the basic school level. In Latvia, education law as a branch of law is an underdeveloped field. The legal relationship between children’s parents and the educational institution has been little studied from the legal science perspective. Thus, in this study, the author analyzes the role of the institute of parental responsibility in the field of education, using the methods of interpretation of general science and law – historical, grammatical and teleological methods. It is found that the special legal regulation of Latvia determines specific parental responsibilities and rights in providing education for their child. Teachers do not become substitutes for the child’s parents, but have a duty to do so as responsible and caring parent would do to their children. Parental authority does not end when the child enters the school premises, but it is limited to the extent that the educational institution fulfills its responsibilities by ensuring an educational process in accordance with the child’s interests and human rights.
Effectiveness of National Governance as a Condition for Effective Foreign Policy
Authors: Shamakhov V. A.
Published: November 2020

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Aplikasi K-means cluster untuk pengelompokan unit kerja yang beresiko Covid-19 pada industri layanan kesehatan
Authors: Sukma Dias Irawati , Manurung Hasiholan
Published: November 2020

The pandemic of COVID-19 infection is an epidemic that is of major concern now more than the dengue epidemic that continues to occur today. The focus of risk, especially on medical and non-medical personnel working specifically in health services, is very high because it deals directly with co-19 patients or other patients who are likely to suffer but have not been detected with other illnesses. Related to this, the human resources working in the health service are affected as well as the health conditions and habits that are carried out daily that affect the level of risk that might occur. Covid-19 positive patients who must be hospitalized usually have acute respiratory distress which can be fatal. Identification of patients with Covid-19 infection is usually obtained after laboratory examinations which in less than half are based on congenital (comorbid) diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and those related to the heart and blood vessels.
The Association between Cigarette Smoking and Efavirenz Plasma Concentration using the Population Pharmacokinetic Approach
Authors: Chow Ngah Kuan , Wong E-Jinq , Low Lee Lee , Ghadzi Siti Maisharah Sheikh , Harun Sabariah Noor , Khan Amer Hayat
Published: November 2020

Aim: Efavirenz is still widely used as the preferred first-line
antiretroviral agent in the middle- and low- income countries, including
Malaysia. The efavirenz population pharmacokinetic profile among
HIV-positive smokers is still unknown. We aimed to assess the
association of smoking with efavirenz and the differences in HIV
clinical outcomes. Methods: A total of 154 stable HIV-positive patients
on efavirenz in northern Malaysia were recruited with a sparse sampling
for this multicentre prospective cohort study. The association between
smoking and efavirenz pharmacokinetic parameters was determined using
the non-linear mixed-effect model (NONMEM). A mixture model of clearance
was adopted to describe the metaboliser status because genetic data is
unavailable. The effect of smoking on HIV clinical markers (CD4, CD4 /
CD8 ratio and viral blips) for at least two years after the
antiretroviral initiation was also investigated. Results: Our data were
best fitted with a one-compartment mixture model with first-order
absorption without lag time. Smoking significantly associated with
higher clearance (CL/F) (β = 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07
to 1.91), while weight affected both CL/F and volume (V/F). From the
mixture model, 20% of patients were in the slow clearance group, which
mimic the genotype distribution of slow metaboliser. An efavirenz dose
reduction is not recommended for smokers ≥60kg with normal metabolism
rate. Smoking significantly associated with slower normalisation of CD4
and CD4 / CD8 ratio. Conclusion: HIV-positive smokers presented with
significantly higher efavirenz clearance and unfavourable clinical
outcomes. Close monitoring of adherence and clinical response among
smokers is warranted.
Characteristics of climatic variation from the perspective of “the Silk Road Economic Belt”
Authors: Qiang Anfeng , Wang Ni , Xie Jiancang , Wei Jiahua , Wei Xia
Published: November 2020

The variance tendency of climatic and spatial-temporal equilibrium
characteristics of major cities along the SREB were systematically
described through moving mean method, Kriging interpolation method,
Bernaola-Galvan algorithm and correlation analysis based on monthly
scale data of global weather stations released by the National Climatic
Data Center website since 1951. Some conclusions cloud be drawn: (1) The
precipitation showed a downward trend in other districts with
significant seasonal differences except the Europe. The annual
precipitation was “N” type distribution in Central Asia, while showed
an “inverted V” and a “positive V” distribution in the East Asia and
West Asia respectively, and the precipitation change was relatively
gentle in Europe. The dominant factors affecting climate were different
in different districts. (2) The temperature continued to increase in all
districts and the seasonal temperature presented unimodal distribution,
the alternation of drying and wetting was obvious in each districts as
well as the temperature was complex and changeable in Europe. (3) The
mutation point of temperature was detected by using Bernaola-Galvan
algorithm in all districts, but the timing of the mutation was not
synchronous and the mutation point of precipitation was not detected
except in Europe. (4) The precipitation was decreasing from west to east
in space, and the temperature showed the morphological distribution
characteristics of of low in the middle but high on both sides. (5) The
change of temperature were more sensitive than precipitation, the
precipitation in Central Asia was inversely correlated with other
districts, however, there was a high positive correlation between
temperature in all districts. The inversely correlation between
temperature and precipitation was the most significant in Central Asia.
A second-line escalating treatment strategy for children with severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia: A retrospective data from a single-center
Authors: FU lingling , Ma Jie , Gu Hao , Ma Jingyao , Wei Yunyun , Chen Zhenping , Wu Runhui
Published: November 2020

Objective: To analyze the effect of a novel second-line escalating
treatment strategy (high-dose dexamethasone (HDD), low-dose rituximab to
eltrombopag) for children with severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia
(SCITP). Materials and Methods: This study was a single-center,
retrospective cohort study. The second-line escalating strategy included
3 steps: Step I (6 courses high-dose dexamethasone: HDD), Step II (HDD
combined with low-dose rituximab), and Step III (eltrombopag). Results:
A total of 30 cases (18 males and 12 females) were included; the median
age was 8.83 (1.42-13.9) year-old, the duration time of ITP was 20.5
(12.0-96.0) months, and the platelet counts were 15 (3-29) ×109/L. After
the median 14 (12-37) months’ treatment, the remission rate was 36.7%
(11/30), and the sustained response (SR) rate was 68.2% (15/22). In
eltrombopag (step III) cases, 47.5% (8/17) maintained platelet
≥50×109/L, 37.5% (3/8) dose tapering, and 25% (2/8) were successfully
discontinued from medication. The number of patients at 12th, 24th, and
36th months was 30, 7, and 2, with the total response (TR) and remission
rates of 80% (36.7%), 57.1% (28.6%), and 50% (50%), respectively.
The total relapse rate was 26.7% (8/30)，three cases(75%, 3/4)from
Step II and 5 cases (41.7% ,5/12)from Step III, none in Step I.
Conclusion: The new second-line escalating strategy for children SCITP
has an effective improving rate with 36.7% remission and 68.2% SR;
30% could benefit and retain stable response from HDD treatment.
Combined treatment with eltrombopag can reduce the relapse rate of
low-dose rituximab.
Reactivation cytomegalovirus leading to acute myocardial infarction- a first reported case in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Yousaf Zohaib , Albaz Nadeen , Abdelmajid Alaaeldin , Sabobeh Taher , Elzouki Abdel-Naser
Published: November 2020

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic organism. We report a young,
healthy, immunocompetent female with no apparent cardiovascular risk
factors presenting with acute myocardial infarction. She had CMV viremia
and went on to develop CMV-colitis and hepatitis. This report highlights
that CMV can cause clinically significant multi-organ disease in
immunocompetent-patients
Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease-2019 From The Pediatric Emergency Room
Authors: berksoy emel , Kanik Ali , Çiçek Alper , Bardak Şefika , Demir Gülşah , Elibol Pelin , Yılmaz Nisel , Çelik Tuğçe , Gökalp Gamze , Çiftdoğan Dilek Yilmaz
Published: November 2020

We describe the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of
children with COVID 19 in comparison with those of
not-laboratory-confirmed cases. We conducted a cross-sectional study on
the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and laboratory
characteristics, and outcome of 422 children (aged 0–18 years) with
suspected and confirmed COVID 19 admitted to the pediatric emergency
department from March 23rd to July 23rd, 2020. Of the 422 children with
suspected COVID-19 included in this study, COVID-19 was PCR-confirmed in
78 (18.4%). Fever (51.2%) and cough (43.5%) were the most prominent
symptoms in children with confirmed cases. The clinical status of the
patients with confirmed COVID-19 was significantly milder than that of
those with suspected COVID-19. The proportion of COVID-19 pneumonia
cases was 44.4%, 5.5%, 18.7%, and 8.5% for the age groups of ≤ 1,
2–6, 7–12, and ≥ 12 years, respectively. Of the 422 children, 128
(30.3%) underwent nasopharyngeal PCR testing for other respiratory
viral pathogens; 21 (16.4%) were infected with viral pathogens other
than severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2. Only one
patient (4.7%) with confirmed COVID-19 had coinfection with respiratory
syncytial virus and rhinovirus. The areas under the receiver-operating
characteristics curves were 0.812 for WBCs, 0.752 for neutrophils, 0.717
for lactate dehydrogenase, and 0.708 for lymphocyte for predicting
COVID-19 (p ≤ 0.001). Fever and cough or other clinical symptoms or
signs should not be considered hallmarks of COVID 19. In this study, the
WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were predictive of COVID-19
positivity.
Log-ratio analysis of microbiome data with many zeroes is library size dependent
Authors: Beest Dennis te , Nijhuis Els , Mohlmann Tim , braak Caro Ter
Published: November 2020

Microbiome composition data collected through amplicon sequencing are
count data on taxa in which the total count per sample (the library
size) is an artifact of the sequencing platform and as a result such
data are compositional. To avoid library size dependency, one common way
of analyzing multivariate compositional data is to perform a principal
component analysis (PCA) on data transformed with the centered
log-ratio, hereafter called a log-ratio PCA. Two aspects typical of
amplicon sequencing data are the large differences in library size and
the large number of zeroes. In this paper we show on real data and by
simulation that, applied to data that combines these two aspects,
log-ratio PCA is nevertheless heavily dependent on the library size.
This leads to a reduction in power when testing against any explanatory
variable in log-ratio redundancy analysis. If there is additionally a
correlation between the library size and the explanatory variable, then
the type 1 error becomes inflated. We explore putative solutions to this
problem.
Open-Source Molecular Modeling Software in Chemical Engineering Focusing on the Molecular Simulation Design Framework
Authors: Cummings Peter , McCabe Clare , Iacovella Christopher , Ledeczi Akos , Jankowski Eric , Jayaraman Arthi , Palmer Jeremy , Maginn Edward , Glotzer Sharon , Anderson Joshua , Siepmann Ilja , Potoff Jeffrey , Matsumoto Raymond , Gilmer Justin , DeFever Ryan , Singh Ramanish , Crawford Brad
Published: November 2020

Molecular simulation has emerged as an important sub-field of chemical
engineering, due in no small part to the leadership of Keith Gubbins. A
characteristic of the chemical engineering molecular simulation
community is the commitment to freely share simulation codes and other
key software components required to perform a molecular simulation under
open-source licenses and distribution on public repositories such as
GitHub. Here we provide an overview of open-source molecular modeling
software in Chemical Engineering, with focus on the Molecular Simulation
Design Framework (MoSDeF). MoSDeF is an open-source Python software
stack that enables facile use of multiple open-source molecular
simulation engines, while at the same time ensuring maximum
reproducibility.