bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of case‐based learning and traditional teaching methods in advanced breast cancer education for oncology residents in the standardized training
Authors: Gui Xinyu , Zhu Anjie , Song Guohong , Li Huiping
Published: December 2024

Case‐based learning (CBL) is a learner‐centric educational approach that fosters independent learning and exploration through case analysis, guided by teachers' heuristic instruction. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CBL versus traditional teaching methods in advanced breast cancer education for residents. In this randomized controlled trial, 40 residents undergoing standardized training in the Department of Breast Oncology at Peking University Cancer Hospital were enrolled and were equally divided into CBL and traditional teaching groups. Their performance, self‐assessment, and course satisfaction were evaluated through post‐study examinations and questionnaires. Results showed that the CBL group achieved significantly higher overall scores than the traditional teaching group (88.10 ± 3.72 vs. 85.52 ± 3.27, p = 0.025), with a notable advantage in clinical practice scores (44.54 ± 2.25 vs. 41.83 ± 2.26, p < 0.001). However, theoretical knowledge scores did not differ significantly. Furthermore, the CBL group outperformed in clinical reasoning (p = 0.018), self‐learning capabilities (p = 0.037), and problem‐solving skills (p = 0.037). Satisfaction levels were higher in the CBL group (95%) compared to the traditional group (85%) without statistically significant difference. This study demonstrates the superiority of the CBL method in enhancing the education of residents in advanced breast cancer relative to traditional teaching approaches, supporting the broader application of CBL in medical oncology education.
Electron‐Irradiated Montmorillonite/Polyethylene Composite Separator for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Kim Sungwoo , Sohel Md Amir , Kim Ji Chan , Cho Sung Oh
Published: December 2024

Separators play a significant role in the safety and performance of lithium‐ion batteries. In this study, composite separators were fabricated using montmorillonite (MMT) as a filler in a high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix, followed by electron irradiation to enhance the safety and performance of separator. Electron irradiation induces chemical bonds by crosslinking between HDPE chains, also between the MMT and HDPE. MMT features a two‐dimensional layered structure with a high surface area, providing abundant crosslinking sites. MMT is treated with a silane coupling agent, which induces layer exfoliation. The exfoliation increases the surface area of MMT, thereby providing more crosslinking sites. Additionally, the surface modification of MMT enhances its affinity with HDPE, leading to better dispersion of MMT within the HDPE matrix. Simultaneously, electron irradiation in an air atmosphere generates polar functional groups, improving the electrolyte affinity of the separator. Consequently, the safety of the MMT composite separator was significantly enhanced, exhibiting a high puncture strength of 0.52 N μm−1 and a thermal shrinkage rate of 21.4% at 135°C for 30 min. Li//LCO cells using the composite separator demonstrated superb cycle stability with a discharge retention of 98.7% and a coulombic efficiency of 99.6% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, and exhibited rate capability maintaining 74.5% of the capacity at 20 C compared to 0.5 C.
Online monitored characterization of Phocaeicola vulgatus for organic acid production using anaerobic microtiter plate cultivations
Authors: Keitel Laura , Schick Benjamin , Pohen Gino , Yordanov Stanislav , Büchs Jochen
Published: December 2024

Phocaeicola vulgatus (formerly Bacteroides vulgatus), an anaerobic gut bacterium, produces several organic acids. Research on P. vulgatus is still in its infancy. However, a detailed understanding of P. vulgatus growth and metabolism is essential for its assessment as an organic acid producer. Media variations, including different initial glucose and NH4Cl concentrations and osmolalities, are significant means to yield higher organic acid titers. Furthermore, examining different nitrogen and carbon sources is important to evaluate the potential of P. vulgatus for growth on renewable resources. Cultivations were performed in an in‐house built device for anaerobic online‐monitoring of fluorescence and scattered light in microtiter plates. Results revealed that the highest organic acid concentrations were reached while using galactose, glucose, or xylose as a carbon source, high osmolalities, and 0.25 g L−1 NH4Cl. In addition, the organic acid composition changed with changing carbon and nitrogen sources. P. vulgatus was successfully further characterized, thereby contributing to a faster characterization of other anaerobic strains and paving the way for anaerobic organic acid production.
Verhalten ausgewählter Elemente in Kleinfeuerungsanlagen
Authors: Flaig Nicole , Eichermüller Johanna , Endriss Felix , Kirchhof Rainer , Thorwarth Harald
Published: December 2024

Die Konzentrationen ausgewählter Elemente in Holzhackschnitzeln und in deren Aschen wurden nach der Verbrennung in einer Holzfeuerungsanlage mit einer Leistung von 300 kWth mittels ICP‐OES (induktiv gekoppeltes Plasma‐optische Emissionsspektroskopie) bestimmt. Mit den Analysenergebnissen wurden Massebilanzen für die einzelnen Elemente berechnet. Die Wiederfindungsraten der Elemente wurden mit Literaturdaten zur Flüchtigkeit verglichen.
A rapid turnaround time workflow for a cytological liquid biopsy assay using FNA supernatant specimens
Authors: Maher Mohamed H. , Duose Dzifa Y. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Arjuna Srividya , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita
Published: December 2024

Background

Genomic profiling is essential in the management of non–small cell lung cancer. However, this may often be challenging because of limited cytological tissue and extended turnaround time (TAT) for next‐generation sequencing (NGS). This study aims to describe a rapid TAT workflow for molecular profiling using fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) supernatants.

Methods

A fully automated total nucleic acid extraction using the Genexus Integrated System was compared to a manual extraction using FNA supernatants from 50 patients with non–small cell lung cancer. Molecular profiling using the 50 gene Oncomine Precision Assay GX panel was performed and NGS results were compared with those of paired tissue samples.

Results

The FNA samples processed using the automated Genexus purification system (n = 42) and the manual extraction method (n = 8) showed comparable quality control metrics with a median total nucleic acid yield of 1230 ng (18–17720 ng) and 1068 ng (777–1740 ng), respectively. The Genexus purification system reduced the hands‐on time from 120 to 30 minutes, enhancing workflow efficiency and decreasing the overall TAT. Of the 50 samples extracted, NGS was performed on 26 samples: seven via manual extraction and 19 using automated extraction. NGS quality control metrics were also comparable between both extraction methods. The overall TAT of the automated NGS workflow from specimen received to test result was 24 hours, providing rapid and reliable molecular results for timely clinical decision‐making and improved patient outcomes.
Effects of Congestion in Human Lung Investigated Using Dual‐Scale Porous Medium Models
Authors: Thangavelu Aarthi , Narasimhan Arunn
Published: December 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a primary chronic respiratory disease associated with pulmonary congestion that restricts airflow and thereby affects the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood capillaries in the lungs. Dual scale—global and local—porous medium models have been developed and reported in this work, to study the effects of air‐side congestion on the blood‐oxygen content in the alveolar region of the human lung. The human lung is model as a global, equivalent, heterogeneous porous medium comprising three zones with distinct permeabilities related to their progressively complex branching structure. Airflow for each breathing cycle is determined by solving mass and momentum transfer equations across the three porous medium zones. The congestion is introduced by appropriate modification of the porous medium properties of the zones considered. The congestion‐affected air velocity reaching Zone 3 is given as input to a separate “local model” employed at several locations of the alveoli of Zone 3. The local model determines the oxygen content in the blood flow in the capillaries of the alveoli by solving suitable mass, momentum and species transport equations. The transient simulation results performed for a long duration of multiple breathing cycles, demonstrate that a normal, healthy human lung is functional for up to 40% volume congestion or when 50% of the lung is congested to about 23.5%. Increasing congestion beyond this value, quickly—within a few hours—depletes the oxygen exchange in the blood flow of the alveolar region (of Zone 3), leading to hypoxemia. The effects of congestion progression on oxygen exchange dynamics determined through the dual‐scale porous medium modelling approach provide researchers and medical professionals with in silico predictive estimates to generate treatment strategies for chronic respiratory diseases.
Tuning the Growth Pattern of Triangular Silver Nanoplates from Lateral to Vertical by Secondary Metal Addition
Authors: Kluitmann Jonas , Csáki Andrea , Fritzsche Wolfgang , Köhler Johann Michael
Published: December 2024

We are presenting an easy synthetic access to the aqueous synthesis of truncated trigonal silver nanobipyramids with tunable width and height in a facile two step synthesis. We modified a synthesis that employs seed particles with twinning faults on which silver is deposited laterally along the twinning fault, leading to flat particles. The ratio of lateral and vertical growth is adjusted by the co‐titration of further noble metal salts at nanomolar concentrations alongside the silver precursor. Thus, besides the edge lengths, the thickness and related aspect ratio of metal bipyramids can be tuned. By tracking the growth of the particles via their localized surface plasmon resonance position during the reaction using optical transmission spectroscopy, we present insights into the modification of the growth mechanism for truncated silver nanobipyramids.
Special expression of alanine‐aminotransferase1 (OsAlaAT1) improves nitrogen utilization in wheat
Authors: Jiao Bo , Wang Jiao , Dong Fushuang , Yang Fan , Liu Yongwei , Sun Lei , Chai Jianfang , Zhou Shuo
Published: December 2024

Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for crop development and growth. However, nitrogen‐based fertilizer application not only increases the cost of crop production systems, but also causes serious environmental pollution and low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cereal crops. To enhance the NUE of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the transgenic approach was used to create a new variety. In this study, the rice (Oryza sativa L.) alanine‐aminotransferase1 (OsAlaAT1), an important nitrogen assimilation enzyme affecting the NUE of plants, was transformed into wheat under the control of TaAnt1 promoter. Special expression of OsAlaAT1 enhanced the height and 1000‐kernel weight of wheat. It also affected the expression level of starch synthesis‐related genes in seeds at 10 and 15 days after pollination. Independent lines expressing OsAlaAT1 exhibited higher grain production than wild‐type plants under high‐nitrogen and, especially, low‐nitrogen supplementation. Our results suggest that OsAlaAT1 improves the NUE of wheat.
A system dynamic analysis of corporate carbon disclosure in China
Authors: Li Mengna , Pu Chenxi , Yuan Sai
Published: December 2024

Carbon disclosure has become an important bridge for businesses and the public to interact positively in addressing climate change. Existing research has already answered which factors affect corporate carbon disclosure, but has not yet described the interaction between multiple influencing factors and the entire process of corporate carbon disclosure. This study constructed the system dynamics model of corporate carbon disclosure based on demand and supply of information, trying to explore the process of corporate carbon disclosure and the influencing mechanism of influencing factors. The results demonstrate that information asymmetry is a prerequisite for corporate to disclose carbon information. The motivation for the company to disclose carbon information mainly stems from the information needs of external stakeholders. Among the expected impacts of the government, public, and investors, carbon disclosure strategies are most affected by government expectations. Environmental supervision promotes the speed at which companies adjust the carbon disclosure level rather than the final level of carbon disclosure. The government's penalties will not change the final level and adjustment speed of carbon information disclosure. Government rewards can effectively improve the final level of corporate carbon disclosure in the future. The conclusion provides reference and guidance for regulatory authorities to further regulate corporate carbon disclosure and create a stable and transparent capital market environment.
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in Serous Cavity Fluids: A Closer Look at This Rare Phenomenon With Diagnostic Pitfalls and Prognostic Significance
Authors: Sakshi F. N. U. , Mallikarjuna Vinay Sakaleshpura , Stewart John M. , Gan Qiong
Published: December 2024

Background

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is usually seen in the reticuloendothelial system such as the spleen and liver; however, there have been rare case reports when EMH is seen in serous fluids (SFs). The aim of this study included analyzing the cytomorphological features of EMH in SFs in correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters and recognizing potential diagnostic pitfalls as well as their prognostic significance.

Methods

Clinicopathologic parameters and radiologic and pathologic information from the patients with a cytologic diagnosis of EMH were evaluated with cytology slides.

Results

The cytomorphologic features of EMH and diagnostic pitfalls were evaluated. Seven patients with cytologically determined EMH in SF samples, including five pleural fluids, one ascitic fluid, and one cerebrospinal fluid, were identified over the past 20 years at a comprehensive cancer center. Their mean age was 67.5 years. Most patients (n = 5) had a history of advanced myelofibrosis.

Conclusions

This study uncovered methods to differentiate EMH from peripheral blood (PB) contamination in samples in the SF. PB contamination is an important differential for EMH, and cytomorphology remains a salient parameter for the diagnosis. The comparison of the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in the PB and SF helped to distinguish EMH from PB contamination when megakaryocytes were absent. The study showed that most patients died within a year of their EMH diagnosis in SF, suggesting a strong prognostic association of this finding with poor survival outcomes.
Rare Earth Acylpyrazolonates‐Synthesis, Structure, Luminescent Properties and Applications
Authors: Belousov Yuriy A. , Drozdov Andrei A. , Shikin Daniil D. , Tombesi Alessia , Pettinari Riccardo , Marchetti Fabio , Pettinari Claudio
Published: December 2024

Acylpyrazolonate derivatives of rare earth elements (REE), being a non‐mainstream class of β‐diketonates, have continued to attract chemists and materials scientists for more than half a century. The electronic structure features of these ligands make them effective sensitizers of the luminescence of various lanthanides, emitting in the visible and IR regions. Exhibiting all the typical structural types of β‐diketonates, acylpyrazolonates can form heterometallic complexes with d‐elements due to the presence of additional donor atoms. The review covers more than half a century of the history of these compounds and provides a perspective on the development of this class of compounds and their transformation into materials of the 21st century.
Chiral 2D Halide Perovskites for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting and Ultrasound Detection
Authors: Li Hongtao , Zhao Xue‐Zhou , Yang Hai‐Run , Guo Tian‐Meng , Li Wei , Feng Rui
Published: December 2024

Hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskite (HOIPs) has emerged as a great promising class of piezoelectric materials due to their solution processability, ease of structural adjustment, and high piezoelectricity. However, to date, their energy application and ultrasound detection has been relatively unexplored. Here, a pair of chiral two‐dimensional (2D) HOIPs, R‐/S‐[3MeOPEA]2PbBr4 (3MeOPEA=1‐(3‐Methoxyphenyl) ethylamine), were synthesized, and the structure, photoluminescence and piezoelectric properties are reported. Our results demonstrate these materials exhibit consistent broad PL peaks under 360 nm excitation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal their direct bandgap characteristic. Moreover, the incorporation of chirality into the structure of R‐ and S‐[3MeOPEA]2PbBr4 endows them with significant piezoelectric properties. 5 wt% R‐[3MeOPEA]2PbBr4/PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) composite film can generate a maximum open‐circuit piezoelectric voltages (Voc) of 1.98 V and short circuit currents (Isc) of 0.50 μA upon a loading force of 2 N at 10 Hz. Additionally, the device can sensitively detect ultrasound waves underwater at varying distances of 3, 6, and 9 mm, with corresponding peak‐to‐peak voltage (Vp‐p) responses of 52.3 mV, 41.1 mV, and 31.7 mV, respectively. Our research broadens the potential applications of multifunctional chiral 2D perovskite materials in the fields of piezoelectric energy harvesting and underwater ultra‐sound detection.
Retrofitting Homes: Cost of Mitigation Strategies for Improved Wildfire Resistance
Authors: Barrett Kimiko , Quarles Stephen L.
Published: December 2024

As wildfire risks increase, it is essential to retrofit the existing housing stock in wildfire‐prone areas to reduce community wildfire risk. Yet there are significant questions regarding the costs and most effective strategies to retrofit homes for improved wildfire resistance. This article identifies the costs for retrofitting homes to meet the requirements specified by Chapter 7A (Materials and Construction Methods for Exterior Wildfire Exposure) in the California Building Code. Guidance from recent research related to ignition‐resistant construction was also utilized. Construction costs were calculated as a per‐unit value and were explicit to the exterior components of the home. Detailed estimates are offered for upgrading a home's exterior walls, roof, deck, windows and doors, under‐eave areas, gutters, and near‐home landscaping. Analysis demonstrates that some of the most effective strategies to reduce structure vulnerability to wildfire can be done affordably. This analysis suggested that for a typical 2000‐square‐foot home in California, retrofitting costs can be as low as $2000 for minimal retrofits to $100,000 for the highest level of protection.
Identification of the Heptapeptide PR7 and Octapeptide SF8 With Potent Antioxidative and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity From the Fermented Dairy By‐Product “Buttermilk”
Authors: Magouz Osama , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Mehanna Nabil , Gensberger‐Reigl Sabrina , Dalabasmaz Sevim , Pischetsrieder Monika
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to identify antioxidative and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides in fermented buttermilk after simulated gastric digestion. Following isoelectric focusing fractionation, peptides of the most active fractions were identified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Subsequently, 23 peptides were synthesized and tested for antioxidative and ACE inhibitory activity. The peptide PR7 (PWDQVKR, αs2‐casein 108–114) exerted comparable antioxidative activity to ascorbic acid, whereas the peptide SF8 (SGPLRPFF, butyrophilin 427–434) efficiently inhibited ACE with an IC50 value of 1.57 µM. The binding modes of the five most active ACE inhibitors were predicted using AlphaFold2 multimer software. Molecular mechanics (MM) minimization and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of all complexes, followed by MM‐generalized born surface area (GBSA) binding energy calculations, were predicted. Notably, these peptides manifested good binding affinities to ACE. The estimated MM‐GBSA/MD binding energies correlated with the detected IC50 values [correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.79]. Post‐MD analyses over 100 ns elucidated the steadiness of the five peptides.
Serpentine Supravenous Hyperpigmentation, a Phenomenon Following the Administration of Chemotherapeutic Agents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Radkhah Hanieh , Maleki Saba , Arabzadeh Bahri Razman
Published: December 2024

Background

Serpentine supravenous hyperpigmentation (SSH) is known as a phenomenon occurring during the infusion of chemotherapy agents in the underlying veins. Chemotherapy agents have potential to cause infusion reactions when used systematically. Linear hyperpigmentation and reticular hyperpigmentation are the differential diagnosis for this phenomenon. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the serpentine supravenous dermatitis induced by chemotherapeutic agents.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science bibliometric databases on February 7, 2023. The search keywords were categorized into two groups: SSH and chemotherapy. Any combination between keywords was used for the systematic search. We included any type of article that evaluated the SSH in cancer patients after the infusion of chemotherapeutic agents, including observational studies with at least one eligible patient based on our criteria, case series, and case reports. Studies that reported SSH in non‐cancer patients or caused by any medications other than chemotherapeutic agents were excluded.

Results

Twenty‐five studies were included based on our inclusion criteria consisting of 26 patients. A total of 13 different cancers were reported in the included studies. Lung cancer was the most reported cancer. Also, the mostly reported region of this dermatitis was forearm which was reported in 13 studies. Docetaxel has been used in a total of 11 articles in this study and has independently induced serpentine supravenous dermatitis in seven studies, which is the mostly reported chemotherapeutic agent resulting into serpentine supravenous dermatitis. Most of these skin lesions were self‐limiting and with a normal histopathological finding.

Conclusion

SSH is a dermatologic reaction, which mostly occur when there is peripheral venous access for the injection of chemotherapeutic agents. The skin lesion will improve spontaneously and have a benign course with no abnormal histopathological pathological finding.
Gaps in the protection of the amphibians of Myanmar—threat status, endemism, protected area coverage and One Plan Approach conservation
Authors: Borgwerth Marie , Scholten Carolin , Lin Aung , Thura Myint Kyaw , Grismer Larry Lee , Ziegler Thomas , Rödder Dennis
Published: December 2024

Currently, 41% of amphibian species are threatened with extinction, leading to the ongoing amphibian crisis. In Myanmar, the amphibian diversity is still poorly understood, and, as a result, many conservation gaps remain. To increase the knowledge about Myanmar's amphibians and thus provide an opportunity to fill the gaps in conservation in the country, we assess the species in greater detail. To do so, we compile a species list of the amphibians of Myanmar through various sources and evaluate their threat status using the IUCN Red list. We perform richness analyses to compare the distribution areas of the amphibian species of Myanmar to the distribution of the protected areas (PAs) in the country. We evaluate the representation of Myanmar's amphibians in zoos worldwide through the Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS) to check the implementation of the One Plan Approach to Conservation. Our results suggest that there are 152 amphibian species extant in Myanmar, of which 25 are endemic to the country. 4.6% (n = 7) of all species are classified as threatened, but counting those with insufficient available data as possibly threatened increases the number to 44.1% (n = 67). Of them, 40 species are not covered by any of Myanmar's PAs. That includes 28.6% of the threatened, 35.7% of the potentially threatened, and 48% of the endemic species. According to the ZIMS database, none of Myanmar's threatened, potentially threatened, or endemic amphibian species are kept in any zoo or aquarium worldwide, suggesting that the One Plan Approach is not sufficiently implemented as a conservation measure for Myanmar's amphibians. With this study, we show conspicuous gaps in the protection of Myanmar's amphibians and provide a list of the 36 most threatened species, recommending a possible prioritization for upcoming conservation actions.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention opioid guideline revisions and pharmacy practice: An opinion of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pain and Palliative Care Practice and Research Network
Authors: Emshoff Jessica B. , Theken Katherine N. , Juba Katherine M. , Trombetta Dominick P. , Denham Hannah , Carr Megan , Love Nancy , Page Mackenzie , Uebbing Emily , Lehr Victoria Tutag
Published: December 2024

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revised their Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain in 2022. This opinion paper was prepared by members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Pain and Palliative Care Practice and Research Network (PRN) and provides an overview of updates to the 2022 guidelines, highlighting major changes from the 2016 guidelines and calling attention to the opportunities and challenges for pharmacists in providing patient‐centered care with opioids for pain management. While this paper represents the opinion of the ACCP Pain and Palliative Care PRN, it does not necessarily represent an official ACCP commentary, guideline, or statement of policy or position.
Attention Versus Handshakes: Pathways of Influence in China's Foreign Aid and Loans
Authors: Lu Lucie , Williams Miles
Published: December 2024

Numerous studies show that China uses its ODA‐like overseas development financing to promote soft power and improve its international image. In this study, we seek to understand how. We examine the role of Chinese state‐sponsored media and diplomacy as complements to Chinese foreign aid. We propose that the coverage of aid recipients in Xinhua articles targeted at foreign audiences, as well as the number of diplomatic visits from Beijing hosted by a recipient government, increase in proportion to the amount of aid these countries receive from China. In contrast, we propose either a null or reverse relationship in the case of OOF‐like flows from China, which tend to be more associated with loans and business‐oriented interests. To test these hypotheses, we use AidData's Chinese development finance dataset and its recently released diplomacy dataset, along with meta‐data from millions of Xinhua news articles between 2002 and 2017. The analysis provides partial support for our argument, but the results deviate from our expectations in interesting ways. First, while aid (ODA) recipients receive more coverage in Xinhua, they are not disproportionately more likely to host missions from Beijing. Conversely, while loan (OOF) recipients are not more likely to receive coverage in Xinhua, they are more likely to host diplomatic visits. These results suggest that China likes to publicize its role as a donor for image building, but seeks closer ties with its debtors to further bilateral relationships.
HCC Model Induced by P53 and Pten Knockout in HBV‐Transgenic Mice Mirrors Human HCC at the Transcriptome Level
Authors: Chen Zhao , Yang Jing , Song Yang , Chen Xiangmei , Duan Yuan , Wang Jingzhou , Liu Yongzhen , Guan Guiwen
Published: December 2024

With a multitude of HCC mouse models available, choosing the one that most closely resembles human HCC can be challenging. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive transcriptomic similarity analysis of widely used HCC mouse models. In this study, RNA‐seq was performed on a model induced by double knockout of P53 and Pten via CRISPR/Cas9 in HBV‐transgenic mice. Additionally, RNA‐seq data from 2345 various other models induced by different methods were collected from GEO databases. The gene expression profiles, immune microenvironments, and metabolic pathways of these models were compared with those of human HCC. The analysis revealed distinct transcriptomic features among the different models. The HBV + P53&Pten KO model demonstrated the highest overall similarity to human HCC across various parameters. It shared a high degree of overlap in differentially expression genes (DEGs) between tumor and non‐tumor tissues with human HCC, exhibited a transcriptome profile and immune cell infiltration pattern closely resembling human HCC, and showed metabolic alterations similar to those in human HCC. Conversely the DEN + CCl4‐induced model showed the lowest similarity to human HCC in transcriptome profiles and DEGs and exhibited a distinct immune microenvironment with high NK cell infiltration, with minimal metabolic differences between tumor and non‐tumor tissues. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate HCC mouse models for research. The HBV + p53&Pten KO model emerged as the most promising due to its remarkable similarity to human HCC across various aspects.
A model of near‐sea ice phytoplankton blooms
Authors: Lester C. W. , Wagner T. J. W. , McNamara Dylan E.
Published: December 2024

Arctic phytoplankton spring blooms have increased in magnitude and extent over the past two decades, particularly in waters near the sea ice edge. We develop an idealized model of phytoplankton dynamics that takes into account the role of sea ice meltwater flux and its impact on surface mixed layer depth. Satellite observations feature a characteristic peak in phytoplankton concentration at around 100 km from the ice edge. Model dynamics capture this peak and overall structure of the phytoplankton distribution. In the model, the characteristic spatial scale emerges from a balance of exponential growth near the ice edge, horizontal advection, and increased decay with distance from the ice as the mixed layer deepens. Observations and data further agree in that meltwater impacts phytoplankton concentrations up to 1000 km from the ice edge. Results suggest that reduced meltwater input under future sea ice retreat may suppress spring phytoplankton blooms in the region.
Multiphoton Microscopy Assessment of Healing From Tendon Laceration and Microthermal Coagula in a Rat Model
Authors: Montague Jenna E. , Hutchens Gabrielle V. , Howard Caitlin C. , Rice Photini F. S. , Besselsen David G. , Slayton Michael , Utzinger Urs , Barton Jennifer K. , Sawyer Travis W.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To study the healing response of rat Achilles tendon when lacerated or treated with intense therapeutic ultrasound (ITU) via utilization of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging and histology.

Materials and Methods

The right Achilles tendon of each Sprague Dawley rat within a cohort was partially lacerated. 1 to 2 days post‐surgery, each rat received ITU treatment of the Achilles tendon on either the right or left leg. Rats were euthanized in groups at 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days posttreatment and their tendons were explanted, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and placed on slides for imaging. Slides from each time point were imaged using a laboratory built MPM with a 780 nm Ti:Sapphire laser. The resulting second harmonic generation (SHG) and two‐photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) signals were captured, assessed, and compared to brightfield microscopy images of the same section subsequently stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

Results

At early timepoints, 2PEF images show the presence of red blood cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells and formation of a fibrin clot at laceration sites, and attraction of fibroblasts to ITU coagula. SHG images indicate an absence of organized collagen in both types of lesions. At later timepoints, new organized collagen can be seen at the laceration sites, and the concentration of inflammatory cells has noticeably decreased. Automated detection of red blood cells and infiltrative cells, as well as analysis of SHG signal intensity and homogeneity was performed at laceration locations. Results show that all quantities except SHG signal intensity approach normal values by day 28. Thus, combined analysis of 2PEF and SHG images elucidates tendon healing processes that align with and complement histological findings.

Conclusion

These results indicate that multiphoton imaging can effectively visualize the healing response to mechanical (laceration) and thermal (ITU) injury, including the organization of new collagen which is more difficult to visualize with histology.
Suicide prevention program in tribal community saving lives
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2024

An Arizona‐based community‐driven suicide prevention program is providing case management support and training for the Indigenous community and organizations in addressing alarming rates of suicide through a partnership with the Johns Hopkins Center for Indigenous Health and the Bloomberg American Health Initiative.
Low‐Profile Beam‐Steering Metasurface Lens Antenna Utilizing Defocused Array Feed Without Amplitude–Phase Network
Authors: Fu Zi‐Hao , Yang Xue‐Song
Published: December 2024

The present study introduces a low‐profile beam‐steering metasurface lens antenna (MLA) that is excited by a defocused array antenna (DAA), eliminating the need for amplitude and phase excitation modulation. First, we modify an ultrathin Huygens' unit cell to provide greater angular stability, which is intended for use in beam‐steering lens antennas. Subsequently, we analyze the effect of the focal–diameter ratio (F/D) on the beam‐steering performance of the lens. Further, a one‐dimensional (1D) MLA equipped with a DAA is modeled. Based on this model, we investigate the influence of DAA distance from the lens, DAA diameter, and F/D on radiation directivity and scanning capability. By adjusting the distance between the DAA and the lens, sub‐arrays located in different regions of the DAA can be excited with uniform amplitude and phase, enabling dual‐polarized single‐beam scanning radiation. This excitation technique eliminates the need for amplitude and phase modulation networks, thereby reducing beam‐steering costs and the complexity of the feed network. Finally, a 1010 MLA prototype excited by a 52‐unit dual‐polarized DAA is simulated and fabricated. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the proposed MLA achieves a scanning range of ± 15°/± 16° in the E/H‐plane at 10.3 GHz, with a gain fluctuation of less than 2.35/2.25 dB.
A Terpyridine Based 1,2,3‐Triazol‐1,4‐diyl‐Fluoroionophore‐A Fluorometric Study Towards 3d Metal Ions in Acetonitrile
Authors: Schwarze Thomas , Müller Holger , Sperlich Eric , Kelling Alexandra , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we report on the sensing role of the 1,2,3‐triazol unit in a 1,4‐diyl arrangement in a fully π‐conjugated fluorescent probe 1 (cf. Scheme 1) towards the fluorometric detection of 3d metal ions. The 1,2,3‐triazol‐1,4‐diyl‐fluoroionophore 1 was designed in a donor(D)‐acceptor(A) arrangement with a 1,2,3‐triazol unit as a π‐linker between a terpyridine (A) ionophore and a diethylaminocoumarin (D) fluorophore to study the fluorescence behavior towards the divalent 3d metal ions Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. This fluoroionophore 1 is based on an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and shows a moderate quantum yield (φf) of 0.508 in acetonitrile. A modulation of the ICT process in 1 through Fe2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ leads to a small red shift of the lowest energetically lying absorption UV/Vis absorption band and to a very strong 3d metal ion induced fluorescence quenching. It should be considered, that the installation of a 1,2,3‐triazole unit as a fully π‐linker in ICT probes originates no ratiometric fluorescence response towards Fe2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+.
Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE‐J) Scale
Authors: Hatakeda Junichi , Shimazaki Hiroumi , Kuramochi Izumi , Iwayama Takayuki , Kobayashi Sayaka , Matsuki Hideyuki , Yoshimasu Haruo , Lim Kheng Seang
Published: December 2024

Aim

This study aimed to develop and validate a Japanese version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE‐J) Scale to measure attitudes towards epilepsy among the general Japanese population.

Methods

The study employed a cross‐sectional design using an online survey of 537 participants from the general public in Japan, with follow‐up surveys at 2 weeks and 3 months. The PATE Scale was translated following standard guidelines and validated by conducting confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the complete data set to assess the original two‐factor structure of the PATE Scale. Internal consistency assessment, and convergent validity testing with the Modified Epilepsy Stigma Scale (M‐ESS), Perceived Devaluation Discrimination Scale (PDDS), and Epilepsy Knowledge Scale (EKS) were carried out.

Results

CFA confirmed the two‐factor structure of the PATE‐J, comprising “Personal Domain” and “General Domain.” The model showed acceptable fit indices (χ²(76) = 607.974, comparative fit index = 0.849, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.820, root‐mean‐square error of approximation = 0.114, standardized root‐mean‐square residual = 0.078) and high reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.87 for Personal Domain and 0.75 for General Domain). Strong correlations with the M‐ESS (r = 0.713, p < 0.001), and weaker correlations with the PDDS, along with a negative correlation with the EKS (r = −0.306, p < 0.001), highlighted the PATE‐J's distinctiveness. No significant associations were found between demographic factors and PATE‐J scores.

Conclusion

The PATE‐J demonstrates strong psychometric properties and cultural relevance for measuring public attitudes toward epilepsy in Japan. Its validated two‐factor structure supports cross‐cultural comparisons and provides a reliable tool for assessing public attitudes, informing interventions, and guiding education campaigns.
The Role of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluating Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Partially‐Blinded Retrospective Study of a Prostatectomy Patient Cohort With Whole Gland Histopathology Correlation and Application of PI‐RADS or TNM Staging
Authors: Sridhar Sajeev , Abouelfetouh Zeyad , Codreanu Ion , Gupta Nakul , Zhang Shu , Efstathiou Eleni , Karolyi Daniel K. , Shen Steven S. , LaViolette Peter S. , Miles Brian , Martin Diego R.
Published: December 2024

Background

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the current Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI‐RADS v2.1) is considered optional, with primary scoring based on T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Our study is designed to assess the relative contribution of DCE MRI in a patient‐cohort with whole mount prostate histopathology and spatially‐mapped prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) for reference.

Methods

We performed a partially‐blinded retrospective review of 47 prostatectomy patients with recent multi‐parametric MRI (mpMRI). Scans included T2WI, DWI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, and DCE imaging. Lesion conspicuity was scored on a 10‐point scale with ≥ 6 considered “positive,” and image quality was assessed on a 4‐point scale for each sequence. The diagnostic contribution of DCE images was evaluated on a 4‐point scale. The mpMRI studies were assigned PI‐RADS scores and tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) T‐stage with blinded comparison to spatially‐mapped whole‐mount pathology. Results were compared to the prospective clinical reports, which used standardized PI‐RADS templates that emphasize T2WI, DWI and ADC.

Results

Per lesion sensitivity for PCa was 93.5%, 82.6%, 63.0%, and 58.7% on T2WI, DCE, ADC and DWI, respectively. Mean lesion conspicuity was 8.5, 7.9, 6.2, and 6.1, on T2W, DCE, ADC and DWI, respectively. The higher values on T2WI and DCE imaging were not significantly different from each other but were both significantly different from DWI and ADC (p < 0.001). DCE scans were determined to have a marked diagnostic contribution in 83% of patients, with the most common diagnostic yield being detection of contralateral peripheral zone tumor or delineating presence/absence of extra‐prostatic extension (EPE), contributing to more accurate PCa staging by PI‐RADS or TNM, as compared to histopathology.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that DCE may contribute to lesion detection and local staging as compared to T2WI plus DWI‐ADC alone and that lesion conspicuity using DCE is markedly improved as compared to DWI‐ADC. These findings support modification of PI‐RADS v2.1 to include use of DCE acquisitions and that a TNM staging is feasible on mpMRI as compared to surgical pathology.
Microphysical variation of precipitation traveling inward along the principal rainband of typhoon Ampil (2018)
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Bao Xuwei , Li Qingqing , Lin Limin , Deng Lin
Published: December 2024

Coastal areas are frequently hit by tropical cyclones (TCs), causing loss of life and property. Previous studies have identified that heavy rain events in coastal areas were mainly caused by TC rainbands rather than the rapidly dissipating eyewalls. For example, the quasi‐stationary and long‐lasting principal rainband relative to the TC vortex is more capable of producing persistent localized heavy precipitation. Unlike previous studies that focused on the thermodynamic structure in the rainbands of TCs, this study investigates the microphysical characteristics and their impact on the distribution of intense precipitation in a principal rainband of typhoon Ampil (2018). Using polarimetric radar observations, a size‐sorting radar signature was found inward along the principal rainband of Ampil. In detail, larger (smaller) average differential reflectivity ZDR (specific differential phase KDP) was evident in the upwind zone. The largest KDP and a maximum of horizontal reflectivity ZH (indicating heavy precipitation) were located in the transition zone, while the smallest values of the three polarimetric variables were observed in the downwind zone. The evolution of dynamics and convection along the principal rainband was discussed to explain the microphysical differences in various portions of the principal rainband and the reason why the most intense precipitation occurred in the transition zone.
Who Is More Likely to Become a Sustainable Corporation? An Empirical Research Based on Corporate Sustainability Performance
Authors: Lin Yongsheng , Zhang Yifan , Wang Feng , Dong Zhanfeng
Published: December 2024

To achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs), it is imperative to discern the catalysts behind corporate sustainability performance (CSP) to attain sustainability. However, these drivers were commonly perceived as following parallel trajectories, neglecting their hierarchical progression nature and leading to misinterpretation when identifying their internal influencing mechanisms. Therefore, this paper employed a three‐layer hierarchical linear models (3 L‐HLM) on a sample comprising 6139 listed companies worldwide to investigate the factors influencing a firm's CSP outcomes from the external context and internal strength perspectives. Our findings reveal that country‐level sustainability performance and corporate financial performance (CFP) positively impact CSP, while sector‐level pollution degree negatively affects CSP. Furthermore, country‐level and sector‐level sustainability indirectly promote CSP by moderating the CFP‐CSP relationship, highlighting the context‐dependent nature of the improvement effect driven by CFP. Our study delivers policy implications for governments, investors and other stakeholders to further enhance sustainable development.
Photonic Inks with Dual‐Layer Security Features by Encapsulation of Color Tunable Fluorescent Dyes in PMMA Colloidal Microspheres
Authors: Lekshmanan Lekshmi , Pillai Adarsh S. , Thomas Meghana M. , Sukumaran Priyanka A. , Saif Safna , Thankamani Priya R. , Surendran Kuzhichalil P. , Pillai Saju , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: December 2024

To counter economic terrorism by preventing counterfeit currency, documents and high‐value commercial products, new‐generation security inks with multiple safety features are required. Herein, color‐tunable pyrylium and pyridinium dye‐encapsulated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloidal microspheres are reported to exhibiting brilliant emission and photonic properties. A combination of the PMMA colloidal photonic ink having structural color variation and the dye‐encapsulated colloidal photonic ink with fluorescence modulation is used for security labeling. The angle‐dependent structural color variations, a remarkable 250‐fold fluorescence enhancement, non‐toxicity, and the rare earth‐free formulation have made the ink novel and suitable for dual‐layer high‐security printing. Covert security patterns and labels are made overt under 365 nm UV light, while also exhibiting angle‐dependent structural color. The increased level of security with developed photonic colloidal inks is demonstrated with dual‐layer screen‐printed images and patterns on flexible substrates.
Tribological Roles of Glass‐Based Lubricants in Hot Rolling of Steel
Authors: Wang Long , Ta Thi , Tieu Kiet A.
Published: December 2024

Glass‐based lubricants are essentially alkaline‐based inorganic polymers composed of alkaline elements and glass‐forming compounds (phosphates, borates, silicates) which are accountable for their polymeric nature. At high working temperature, the lubricants generally melt, wet the oxidized steel surface, and provide a viscous fluid‐like lubrication. This article provides a brief review of previous findings on the tribology of glass lubricants (polyphosphate, borate, silicate) in hot rolling, particularly their antioxidation and descaling behavior. Thermally driven and tribochemical reactions determine friction, wear, antioxidation, and descaling behavior. Then, the performance of glass lubricants is discussed from the perspective of experiment and modeling.
Atomic‐Scale Study on Core–Shell Cu Precipitation in Steels: Atom Probe Tomography and Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Shen Xiao , Wang YiXu , Xu Zigan , Zou Bowen , Liotti Enzo , Dronskowski Richard , Song Wenwen
Published: December 2024

In the present work, the atomic interactions among Cu, Al, and Ni elements in body‐centered cubic (BCC) ‐iron matrix, focusing on the formation mechanism of nano‐sized core–shell Cu precipitates, are investigated. In this study, using a combination of atom probe tomography, density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations, insights into the atomic‐scale migration tendencies of these elements in the supersaturated solid solution surrounding Cu precipitate in the martensite phase of a medium‐Mn steel are provided. In the results, it is shown that Ni and Al atoms are not expelled by Cu atoms but are instead attracted to the bcc‐iron matrix, forming a stable co‐segregation in the outer shell. This phase effectively surrounds the nano‐sized Cu precipitate and prevents its rapid growth, contributing to improved mechanical properties. In these findings, a theoretical method is offered for developing Cu‐contaminated circular steels by utilizing DFT calculations to unravel bonding preferences and assess the potential for forming a stable precipitation phase around nano‐sized Cu precipitates.