bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Methodological Substantiation of Borders and Integrity in Landscape Cover and Its Components
Authors: Krenke A. N. , Sandlersky R. B. , Baybar A. S. , Puzachenko M. Yu. , Puzachenko Yu. G.
Published: April 2024

A brief review of the main models for emergence of boundaries and, in a particular case, integrity, arising from the theory of nonlinear volumetric systems. Based on the fundamental value of Kotelnikov’s reference and, accordingly, the general theory of awareness about identifying a characteristic border feature, as frequency of sampling functions in incidence along with a regular step, the unit of measurement “berg” is introduced – one full oscillation per one kilometer, essentially the identical unit “hertz” for the time series. The main provisions are illustrated by analysis of the properties of minor biogeocenoses and multispectral measurements of solar radiation reflection by SPOT 6.
Cytogenetic Homeostasis and Environmental Health (Assessment Practice)
Authors: Krysanov E. Yu. , Ordzhonikidze K. G. , Simanovsky S. A.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses possible approaches to cytogenetic homeostasis assessment in natural populations. Various cytogenetic methods, their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations related to the study of animals in their natural habitat are considered. For a reliable characterization of environmental quality, it is recommended to supplement the data obtained in natural populations with laboratory experiments using a test object. Due to a number of features, it is proposed to use the short-living fish Nothobranchius rachovii.
Hierarchy of Ecological Homeostasis as A Principle of Systemology
Authors: Rozenberg G. S. , Zinchenko T. D. , Rozenberg A. G.
Published: April 2024

The broad concept of “homeostasis” in relation not only to the organism, but also to the population, ecosystem and socio–ecological and economic systems (in the context of sustainable development) is discussed. Sustainability is a major quality of systems. Discusses the mathematical formalization and examples of various definitions of sustainability: the sustainability of Lyapunov, Lagrange (steadiness), Poisson (periodic stability), Svirezhev (hierarchical), Holling (elasticity), Fleishman (vitality), Gnedenko (reliability).
The Effect of Photoperiod Duration on Humoral Innate and Humoral Adaptive Immune Responsiveness in Campbell’s Dwarf Hamster
Authors: Khrushchova A. M. , Vasilieva N. Yu. , Shekarova O. N. , Rogovin K. A.
Published: April 2024

We studied the humoral innate immune responsiveness (HII), i.e. a hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes by complement proteins, and adaptive humoral (antibody production) immune responsiveness (AHI) to SRBC, morphological and hormonal reproductive characteristics and stress level in male Campbell hamsters kept under long-day (LD; 16D: 8N) and short-day (SD; 8D: 16N) photoperiods. The results indicate lower HII, but not AHI in SD. In SD males we observed body mass, anogenital distance, midventral gland size and level of testosterone in the peripheral blood (but not the level of cortisol) decreased. Comparison of SD non-responders, SD responders and LD individuals demonstrated a statistically significant increase of HII in SD photosensitive hamsters, but not in non-responders compared to LD. There was no link between HII and AHI, which indicates an independent photoperiodic responsiveness of different branches of the immune system in Campbell’s hamster.
Diversity of the Red Blood Parameters System in the Pigmy Field Mouse and the House Mouse (Rodentia, Muridae) in the Elbrus Region: Multivariate and Information Analyses
Authors: Emkuzheva M. M. , Puzachenko A. Yu. , Tembotova F. A. , Bottaeva Z. Kh. , Bersekova Z. A. , Chapaev A. Kh.
Published: April 2024

The variability and evenness (diversity) of the red blood parameters system was assessed for the first time using multivariate and information analysis methods in the synanthropic M. musculus and the hemisynanthropic A. (S.) uralensis in the Central Caucasus Mountains (Elbrus region). The paper introduces the concept of the actual “niche” of the red blood parameters system in the multidimensional space of the descriptive model. The niches of A. (S.) uralensis and M. musculus were clearly differentiated, and the niche volume of A. (S.) uralensis significantly exceeding that of M. musculus. Interspecific differences in the seasonal regulation of blood parameters were described, which in A. (S.) uralensis was more complex and clearly cyclical from “winter” to “autumn” season. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that, compared to M. musculus, A. (S.) uralensis realises a more flexible adaptation strategy to seasonal changes in the environment. The tested methodology of data analysis allows to consider the results of particular studies on mammalian haematopoietic regulation in the broader context of problems of biodiversity, dynamics and self-organisation of biological systems.
Thermodynamical Parametrs of Khubsugul Mountain Forests (Khordol-Sardag, Mongolia)
Authors: Sandlerskiy R. B. , Petrzhik N. M. , Jargalsaikhan T. , Shironiya I. I.
Published: April 2024

Presented results of using a thermodynamic approach to study the functioning of mountain forest biogeocenoses based on Landsat 8 OLI TIRS multispectral scanner survey for the landscapes of the northwestern Khubsugul region. Using the example of a section of the ridge. Khordol-Sardag considers the spatiotemporal variation of thermodynamic characteristics calculated within the framework of the nonequilibrium Tsallis thermodynamics model. The order parameters of the thermodynamic system (invariant states) are identified based on the principal component method. For each invariant, we assessed the contribution of relief and the leading morphometric characteristics that determine its spatial variation identified. The vertical temperature gradient in different seasons estimated. Shown that in conditions of a sharply continental climate, the thermodynamic system of mountain forests has three functional subsystems responsible for evaporation, thermal field and productivity. Shown that an increase in the mass of woody vegetation increases energy absorption and evapotranspiration, but reduces the disequilibrium of solar energy conversion.
Yury Georgievich Puzachenko (1940–2018) Biographo-Semantical Analysis
Authors: Puzachenko A. Yu. , Sandlerskiy R. B.
Published: April 2024

This issue of the journal is dedicated to Yuri Georgievich Puzachenko, an outstanding ecologist and geographer. In the presented message, we tried to trace the stages of Yuri Georgievich’s scientific path and highlight the key areas of his scientific interest: the organization and functioning of complex self-organizing non-equilibrium systems – biogeocenoses and landscapes, various aspects of biodiversity, relationships between species and environment. The research presented in the articles in this issue is devoted to these three directions.
Exoparasitic Mites – Vectors of Bacterial Symbionts Among Insects
Authors: Shaikevich E. V. , Gorbacheva A. A. , Romanov D. A.
Published: April 2024

Inherited endosymbiotic bacteria from the genera Rickettsia, Wolbachia and Spiroplasma cause the death of male offspring in ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). As a rule, bacteria are transmitted through the cytoplasm of the mother’s egg to offspring – vertically. In addition to vertical transfer, there is increasing evidence of horizontal transfer of symbionts between unrelated insect taxa. Insect parasites such as mites can be potential vectors of endosymbiotic bacteria. The parasitic mite Coccipolipus hippodamiae (McDaniel Morrill, 1969) (Acarina: Podapolipidae) occurs in natural populations of Coccinellidae. In this work, the ability of C. hippodamiae to become infected with Wolbachia and Spiroplasma from hosts and to spread bacteria among coccinellid beetles was proven for the first time.
Melanoma Cell Lines As a Basis for Vasculogenic Mimicry Model Development
Authors: Vartanian A. A. , Kosorukov V. S.
Published: April 2024

In tumors, traditional angiogenesis is observed in addition to vascular channels that lack endothelial cell lining. It is assumed that the network of such channels compensates for the insufficiently development of the blood circulatory system in the tumor and prevents early necrosis inside the tumor. A strong statistical correlation established between the presence of vascular channels in the tumor and the low survival rate of patients confirms this hypothesis. In the light of these data, the search for a low-molecular inhibitor of vascular channels formation in a tumor becomes extremely relevant. This review discusses the functional and prognostic significance of vasculogenic mimicry. Particular attention is paid to the optimization of the in vitro vasculogenic mimicry model based on the analysis of 11 melanoma cell lines obtained from metastases of patients with disseminated melanoma. In addition, the development of an in vivo vasculogenic mimicry model is being discussed.
Chronology of the Karangat Transgression of the Black Sea by Luminescence Dating
Authors: Semikolennykh D. V. , Kurbanov R. N. , Yanina T. A.
Published: April 2024

At the beginning of the Late Pleistocene within the modern Azov-Black Sea basin the Karangat transgression developed synchronously with the interglacial transgression of the world ocean. Based on the analysis of faunal complexes, the basin was characterized as the warmest and deepest basin of the Late Pleistocene with water salinity much higher than the salinity of the modern Black Sea. The most complete sequence of transgression sediments was found in the Eltigen section, located on the western coast of the Kerch Strait. The section has been examined several times. However, due to the large extent, facies variability of the section and the lack of geochronological data, there is still no consensus on how the deposits in the section correlate, to what number of phases of the Karangat transgression they correspond to, and what their age is. The aim of this work is to obtain the chronology of sedimentation of the southern (Tobechik) part of the Eltigen stratotype section, which is considered by most researchers to be the deposits of the first phase of the Karangat transgression. Seventeen luminescence dates were obtained for quartz (OSL) and feldspar (pIRIR290): nine from lagoon-marine and coastal-marine deposits and eight from the overlying loess-soil layer. Biostratigraphic analysis of the malacofauna confirmed the belonging of the marine deposits of the Karangat transgression of the Black Sea discovered in the section. The results of OSL dating showed that in the southern part of the Eltigen section, three cycles of lagoon-coastal-marine sedimentation are distinguished in the intervals of 135–130 ka years ago (MIS 6–MIS5e), 130–115 ka years ago (MIS 5e) and 115–95 ka years ago (MIS 5d-c). The accumulation of the upper subaerial strata began no earlier than 95 ka years ago.
Channel Processes Disconnectivity in Rivers Hydromorphology
Authors: Chalov R. S. , Chalov S. R.
Published: April 2024

The present paper deals with five main structural levels of channel processes and channel patterns due to disconnectivity of fluvial processes. River braiding is related to existence of point, bar, channel (island), anabranching and large distributary channels (located in the deltas of large and largest rivers). Meandering is related to sinuosity of the flow and formation of complex loop and large meanders, the dimensions of which are larger than those corresponding to the water content of the river, and the meanders of the meandering belts. Due to the instability of the straight flow, the structural levels of the straight single channel are distinguished by their size: pool hollows on the riffles, reaches between adjacent bends and segments of braided channel, sections between single branches and stretched stretch areas along the bedrock banks or in the incised channel. Each structural level is related to the previous one forming scaling sequence (middle and side channels are the basis for the formation of branches and bends, etc.), representing genetic series, although in some cases they may have a different origin (intra-floodplain intercepts, relics of delta branches, etc.). The meandering process happens over various scales in both braided and straight channels. The formation of structural levels is governed by river size, geology, effective discharges and local drivers.
New Data on the Age of the Early Khvalynian Transgression of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Kurbanov R. N. , Belyaev V. R. , Svistunov M. I. , Butuzova E. A. , Solodovnikov D. A. , Taratunina N. A. , Yanina T. A.
Published: April 2024

This study presents results of the first detailed absolute chronology of the Early Khvalynian transgression of the Caspian Sea based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. Study was carried out for special facies of the Khvalyninan deposits–Chocolate Clays, widely distributed in the Northern Caspian Lowland. In the studied reference sections of the Lower Volga region (Srednyaya Akhtuba, Raygorod, Leninsk), Chocolate Clays are of considerable thickness, three subfacies are distinguished in their structure: a unit of interbedded sands and loams; unit of unified dense clays; and a unit of characteristic clays with thin interlayers of silt, forming a characteristic fine-platy structure. The first unit reflects the conditions of the initial penetration of the Khvalynian waters into the studied area, the second unit reflects conditions of a deep-sea bay, while the third unit reflects the time of regression, with a significant influence of alluvial processes on sedimentation. OSL chronology was obtained for both quartz and feldspar grains using modern measuring protocols. Our dating results clearly indicate that formation of the Lower Khvalynian marine deposits in the northern part of the Lower Volga region took place between 27 and 14 ka. New data on the age of the Khvalynian deposits are further confirmed by dating of the overlying Kastanozem soils (9.6–0.7 ka) and the underlying loess-paleosol series (37–19 ka). High-resolution luminescence dating for the first time distinguished four stages in the development of the Khvalynian transgression in the Lower Volga region: the initial penetration of waters to a level of ~5 m (27 ka); stage of stabilization and gradual level rise from ~5 to ~7 m (27–20 ka); the stage of active sea level rise and movement of the coastline northward (16–15 ka); and the final regressive phase with a drop in sea level (15–14 ka).
The Climate of Zonal Plain Landscapes of Russia during the Modern Global Warming in Summer
Authors: Titkova T. B. , Zolotokrylin A. N.
Published: April 2024

Changes in climate parameters and surface characteristics were considered between 1961–1990 and 1991–2020 climate periods on the plains of the European part of Russia and Western Siberia in different landscape zones in summer. Zonal landscapes with a significant change in climate parameters in the 1991–2020 period of warming were identified, connections between changes of climate parameters and landscape characteristics were determined, climate trends of parameters in particular landscape zones were considered. In the 1991–2020 summer period of warming, significant changes in climate parameters were identified in subboreal landscapes from forest steppe to semi-desert on the European part of Russia. A pronounced warming, a decrease of precipitation total, evaporation and soil water are noted. In Western Siberia in arctic and boreal landscapes, a warming in June and August is observed, which led to an increase of evaporation and soil draining. In boreal landscapes of the European part of Russia and subboreal landscapes of Western Siberia, significant changes in climate parameters did not occur. The analysis of connection between evaporation with soil water and temperature with precipitation in landscape zones indicates about its reliance on landscape zone. Temperature has the most impact on evaporation and topsoil water, it is positive in arctic and boreal landscapes and negative in subboreal ones. Precipitation has the most positive impact in subboreal landscapes. In boreal landscapes, a significant temperature rise may be insufficient for a significant increase of evaporation, apparently due to the impact of dense vegetation cover with a slow heat exchange. In subboreal landscapes, a significant temperature rise leads to a significant negative response of evaporation due to a quick heat exchange.
Decarbonization through Nature’s Solutions: National Policy and International Practice
Authors: Ptichnikov A. V. , Shvarts E. A.
Published: April 2024

The article gives an idea of the modern international approach to use of natural and climatic solutions (NCS) for decarbonization and achieving carbon neutrality. It is concluded that the existing or planned implementation of state regulation in the field of NCS is clearly not enough to unlock the potential of NCS in Russia as a possible leader in the promising new market for the next decades. To realize this potential, significant focused work required to fine-tune the regulation and re-prioritization of public forest management, from extracting wood from forests for processing purposes to monetizing ecosystem services for forest carbon sequestration. The target for increasing greenhouse gas removals in land use, land use change and forestry presented in the Strategy for Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions Socioeconomic Development until 2050 was analyzed for its achievability based on the activities and projects presented in section 3 of the Strategy operational plan (first version). It is concluded that the Strategy operational plan in terms of ecosystem solutions raises a lot of questions due to its poor compliance with modern ideas about ecosystem adaptation and mitigation, the use of NCS, etc. This part of the Strategy operational plan requires significant revision and adaptation to modern requirements. It will also require a significant refinement of the currently implemented Federal Project Forest Conservation and the state program Forestry Development for their integration into the Strategy. The first step along this path could be the calculation of the carbon footprint and carbon additionality of forestry activities carried out in relation to the baseline scenario, and the correction of forest restoration activities.
Forecasting the Carbon Stock Dynamics in the Soils of Cultivated Croplands in European Russia in the Context of the Low-Carbon Development
Authors: Romanenkov V. A. , Meshalkina Yu. L. , Gorbacheva A. Yu. , Dobrovolskaya V. A. , Krenke A. N.
Published: April 2024

Soil organic carbon sequestration potential in the cropland top soil layer (0–30 cm) of European Russia was assessed based on soil-ecological zoning using one of the most common global models of soil organic matter the Rothamsted dynamic carbon model (RothC) and open-access global databases such as Climatic Research Unit (CRU) TS v4.05, 1901−2020, SoilGrids250m 2.0 and time-series MODIS (MOD13A1.006 Terra Vegetation Indices) NDVI and EVI. Data from the national Soil Organic Carbon Map at 0–30 cm depth were used to estimate the current carbon stocks. FAO unified technical specifications and guidance for the generation of national Soil Carbon Sequestration Map was used as the current study mapping approach. The average rate of carbon sequestration by natural zones under the business-as-usual scenario ranged from 0.076 to −0.002 t/ha per year, decreasing from northern taiga zone to semidesert. A 5% increase in carbon input due to carbon-conservation technologies adoption can result in a twofold increase in carbon capture, and a 20% increase in carbon capture can result in a fivefold increase. A two-fold increase in the rate of C sequestration from the southern taiga with a maximum in the broad-leaved forests zone, followed by 1.5 times decrease or more in the steppe and dry-steppe zone was found with increasing carbon input to the soil. The FAO methodology determines, with a spatial resolution of 1 km, contour lines that have the highest and lowest potential for carbon stock changes when adopting sustainable soil management.
Long-Term Changes Reconstruction in Two Upper Volga Reservoirs Based on the Bottom Sediments Comprehensive Analysis Data
Authors: Razumovskii L. V. , Kushnareva T. N. , Razumovskii V. L. , Anisimova A. V.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a new research program for assessing long-term transformations occurring in reservoirs. To assess the prospects of the proposed studies, the Ivankovo and Rybinsk reservoirs were selected due to their advanced age, the power of accumulated deposits, and the degree of study. The novelty of the research consisted of the joint analysis of the results of phytoplankton complexes biomonitoring and the analysis of the diatom complexes species composition from the bottom sediments columns. At the same time, the analysis of the waters and samples chemical composition from the bottom sediments columns was carried out. The absence of redeposition processes during the formation of sediments at the sampling points was confirmed by the method of taxonomic proportions graphical analysis in diatom complexes. This determines the reliability of the diatom and chemical analysis results’ comparison of the bottom sediments. The results of the water quality assessment by two indexes are considered according to the monitoring data: the saprobity index S and the integral water quality index QI. The expected seasonal repeatability of the numerical values of S and QI is stated. Similar calculations were carried out for indicator species from diatom complexes in the bottom sediments columns samples. The processes of water quality deterioration according to the above-mentioned indexes are noted. As a result of the research conducted, the optimal location of bottom sediments column sampling points in the Rybinsk and Ivankovo reservoirs was established. During the formation of reservoirs, the lakes located on their territory were flooded. The resulting morphometric bottom relief determined those relict lakes’ locations as zones of stable sedimentation. According to the comprehensive studies results, long-term negative processes caused by anthropogenic load have been confirmed in the investigated reservoirs.
Valdai Hills as the Cradle of the Volga River
Authors: Tishkov A. A.
Published: April 2024

The role of the Valdai Hills and the Valdai Lake area in ensuring the fullness of the sources of the Volga River and its current trends against the background of climate change is presented. It is shown that the “water-making functions” of the upland landscape are initially determined by two general properties of the relief: its invariance as a “framework of life” and its changeable evolution under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors. The “Cradle of the Volga” in relation to the Valdai Hills and specifically the Baltic-Caspian watershed is a set of conditions that allow the formation of runoff in the upper reaches of the river. Among the main ones that determine the conservation of runoff in the average annual volume are the state of rivers, lakes, and swamps, the minimization of anthropogenic impacts (regulation of runoff, plowing, catchment, deforestation, development and pollution of the coastline, etc.), and, in general, nature protected areas (creation of them at the source of the river). Based on the materials from the monitoring of the climate and hydrological regime of the region carried out by the Valdai branch of the State Hydrological Institute (Valdai), the main trends of the Volga River runoff factors in the upper reaches have been identified. The share of water-regulating, water-saving, and assimilation functions in the total volume of ecosystem services in the landscapes of the Valdai Hills is shown. It is concluded that the modern growth of recreational impact on the catchments of the sources of the Volga River can reduce the positive effect of the functioning of nature protected areas on them. The priority issues in preserving the “cradle of the Volga” should be the regulation of recreational loads on the landscapes of the Valdai Hills, rehabilitation of disturbed forest ecosystems, and monitoring of the volume and quality of runoff.
Sediment Yield in the Caucasus Mountains and Its Trends as a Reflection of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impact
Authors: Golosov V. N. , Tsyplenkov A. S.
Published: April 2024

The sediment runoff of mountain rivers is an important characteristic that reflects the intensity of denudation in various altitudinal zones, as well as the spatial and temporal features of its changes. The Caucasus region, which includes the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, is characterized by significant territorial contrast associated with differences in the geological and geomorphological structure, seismo-tectonic activity, climate, which together determine the lifestyle of the local population and the features of anthropogenic impact on landscapes. The paper presents the results of estimates of the contemporary rates of denudation of the region, obtained on the basis of processing a database on the flow of suspended sediments of rivers at 194 gauge stations with a duration of observations of more than 10 years. To identify the influence of the main natural and anthropogenic factors on the sediment runoff of rivers, calculated and published data on spatially distributed indicators characterizing individual factors or their combinations were used. Statistical processing of dependencies between individual indicators and sediment runoff of rivers was carried out. It has been established that the mean suspended sediment yield (SSY) for the region is 446 t km–2 yr–1. It reaches its maximum values (SSY 1500 t km–2 year–1) in the Eastern Caucasus, where it has remained high in recent decades and continues to grow in a number of river basins. For other parts of the Greater Caucasus, a trend of decreasing sediment runoff was revealed, due to a decrease in the glacial supply of rivers and, more locally, a decrease in the area of arable land in the mountains.
Genetic Types of Kamchatka Rural Settlements
Authors: Antonov E. V. , Safronov S. G.
Published: April 2024

The process and the results of Russian colonization traditionally attract the attention of specialists in various scientific fields. The development of the settlement system is both an important part and an indicator of this process. Based on data from various static and literary sources, genetic types of Kamchatka rural settlements. Although most of the more than 320 rural settlements in Kamchatka currently no longer have a population, their composition and geography are of interest for analyzing the logic of development and prospects for further settlement pattern transformation. In recent decades, it has been largely associated with the adaptation of the initial functions of rural settlements to modern conditions. During the Soviet period, the most important from the point of view of settlement development, there were multidirectional processes in Kamchatka: extensive quantitative growth associated with the development of local fish resources and agricultural areas has been replaced by several stages of “optimization” of the settlement network. Compared with other regions of Asian Russia, settlements associated with mining development were relatively poorly represented here. In the northern part of the region, after the elimination of most seasonally inhabited settlements of indigenous residents, a rare and not very stable network of stationary settlements was formed. All these processes have led to the formation of a fairly wide set of genetic types of rural settlements on the peninsula for territories with focal settlement pattern—from commercial and forestry to agricultural, related to agricultural development, and suburban. The further evolution of the region’s rural settlement pattern will depend on the preservation of viable elements of the original functions of settlements, the preservation of the social core of residents, and the maintenance of the housing stock and infrastructure created at previous stages.
Moscow Oblast: Territorial Structure of Post-Soviet Transformations
Authors: Makhrova A. G. , Nefedova T. G. , Treivish A. I.
Published: April 2024

The article written for the centenary of G.M. Lappo deals with Moscow oblast, which was one of his key regions. Moscow’s influence on the oblast territories is examined, including with the help of data from mobile operators. The main emphasis on the changes in territorial structures of Moscow oblast is based on a multiscale approach and detailed statistics. It is shown that, with the development of rapid transport in the post-Soviet period, the Moscow urban agglomeration continued to expand its area. The scope of the seasonal pulsation of its limits and population, linked with growing commuting, is determined. It is proved that the second-rank urban agglomerations maintain their role as local attractive centers. Multidirectional territorial shifts in population, industry, agriculture, trade, and services over the past 30 years are identified and presented on maps and graphs. In the 1990s, the highest concentration was typical for industry, but it has become the lowest by 2020. Retail and services have come forward, especially along the Moscow Ring Road, where the demands of the growing capital city and oblast population are joined. The previously dispersed agriculture has also been concentrated, which is associated with its transition to the industrial path of development within the framework of large enterprises, which does not cancel the development of small forms of farming and the expansion of dacha land use. Complex polyscale spatial and sectoral shifts are revealed, both when comparing Moscow oblast with Moscow and when analyzing the distribution of structural types (agrarian, industrial or service). The directions of these shifts in different periods between 1990 and 2020 are shown. The potential of Moscow oblast, comparable to that of St. Petersburg, is the result not only and not so much of its removal from Moscow but of the attraction of the population and activities to it. However, in the construction, trade, logistics and, especially, dacha booms, there are also signs of a “splash” of metropolitan activity, which confirms the words of G.M. Lappo that the growth of Moscow oblast “from the city” alternates and combines with its growth “from the area.”
The Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Mountain Dark Coniferous Forests in the South of Priyenisei Siberia in the Сlimate Change
Authors: Nazimova D. I. , Koshkarova V. L. , Danilina D. M. , Konovalova M. E.
Published: April 2024

Sustainable management of forest resources in mountainous areas requires the development of regional databases and a modern ecological and geographical basis for forecasting the near future of mountain forests. In the Priyenisei part of the Sayans, the authors carried out multidisciplinary studies on mountain profiles in various regions. Based on geoinformation systems for the three key mountain territories (Stolby, Sayano-Shushensky, Tanzybey) the series of landscape-typological maps with numerous parameters of basic climatic conditions (heat, moisture supply, degree of continentality, etc.) in each altitudinal belt were created. The conception and results of studies that have direct access to the regional forecast and forest management planning in the context of global climate changes is present. The concept of forest forecast, developed by the authors, leads to their past, modern state, the degree of damage caused by fires and cuttings, as well as to the ambiguous character of climate change in mountain landscapes. At this stage, the task includes the studying of space-temporal changes in dark coniferous ecosystems in the mountains of the Priyenisei Siberia. Materials of information systems of various scales were used from the AIS “Biom” for Siberia to regional geographic information systems of the Priyenisei Siberia. The databases include blocks of information on biodiversity, climate, stationary observations for a 60-year period, satellite images and cartographic materials of various scales, ecological characteristics of coniferous forest-forming species: Siberian pine, fir, spruce, Scotch pine, larch, and others. The methods of paleogeography, climatic ordination, information analysis, geoinformation-based mapping, and others were used. The most probable reaction of dark coniferous species, including Siberian pine, to the warming of the climate, predicted by climatic models, is shown. The measures are suggested to preserve valuable coniferous stands in the mountains and restoration of their areal.
The Compton Energy Loss of Electrons in Storage Rings
Authors:   Department of Physical Electronics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Pardy Miroslav
Published: April 2024

We examine, in general, the energy loss of electrons caused by the Compton scattering of electrons on black body photons in the storage rings. We derive the scattering rate of electrons in the Planckian photon sea and then the energy loss of electrons per unit length. We discuss possible generalization of our method in particle physics and consider a possible application of our formulas in case of motion of charged particles in the relic cosmological radiation.
THE ELECTRON-POSITRON PAIR PRODUCTION IN MODERN QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS
Authors:   Department of Physical Electronics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Pardy Miroslav
Published: April 2024

The probability of the emission of the electron-positron pairs is calculated from the vacuum-to-vacuum amplitude in such a way that the modified propagation function of photon is applied. The quantum entanglement of the electronpositron pairs is not analysed. In cosmology, pair production is the heuristic explanation of the Hawking radiation. The pair production process is explained here with the pedagogical simplicity.
The Aeolian harp sound from the Madelung model of quantum mechanics
Authors:   Department of Physical Electronics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Pardy Miroslav
Published: April 2024

According to Madelung, Bohm and Vigier, Wilhelm, Rosen and others, the original Schroedinger equation can be transformed into the hydrodynamical system of equations by using the so called Madelung ansatz. We derive in such quantum hydrodynamics, the non-relativistic and relativistic Strouhal number from the so called von Karman's vortex street. The relativistic derivation of this formula follows from the addition formula for velocities. The Strouhal friction tones are generated also during the motion of cosmic rays in relic photon sea, during the motion of bolids in atmosphere, during the Saturn rings motion in the relic black-body sea, during the motion of bodies in superfluid helium and so on.
Carbonado Diamonds and the Application of their Unique Properties
Authors:   SPBGU “Saint Petersburg State University” Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Iushkina Nadezhda
Published: April 2024

To this days, carbonado diamonds remain a subject of discussion, and scientists are still studying their properties to understand what else they are capable of in their applications. Carbonado diamonds are extremely rare and occur in very limited quantities, which only increases interest in them.
Implementation of Choral Management in the System of Conducting and Choral Training of Students’
Authors:   Dragomanov Ukrainian State University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yarmoliuk Olena
Published: April 2024

The article examines the current state of educational activity, outlines the prospects for its further development in view of the influence of general world trends. An analysis of the features of the current labor market was carried out, the current requirements for the professional qualifications of future personnel in the art and teaching field and their compliance with the requests of employers and stakeholders were clarified. The content of the key elements of conducting and choral training of students of professional pre-higher and higher education is defined, the expediency of implementing the method of forming choral management skills in the process of their professional training is argued.
Effects of Celebrities Endorsement on Consumer Purchase Intentions for Soft Drink Products in Tanzania
Authors: Swallehe Omary
Published: April 2024

RESEARCH PURPOSE: The study attempted to find an answer to the effect of celebrity endorsement on customer purchase intention for soft drinks in Tanzania.

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATION: The current study is built on the three main aspects of celebrity endorsement: (source attractiveness, source expertise, and match-up). It was hypothesized that source attractiveness, Source expertise, and match-up positively affect consumer purchase intention of soft drinks in Tanzania.

METHOD AND DESIGN: The study employed a cross-sectional research design whereby data was collected from 450 customers of soft drinks in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Descriptive analysis and Stepwise multiple regression models were used to analyze the data collected for this study.

MAIN RESULTS: The current study found that celebrity endorsement positively impacts consumer buying intention because it ensures the attainment of product recognition, advertisement, promotions, and others, which automatically assures consumers of buying intent. Apart from that, with the relationship between celebrity endorsement and consumer buying intention, all three predicting variables tested on the dependent variable have been found positive with a significant effect statistically on the consumers buying intent. However, of the three explanatory variables, celebrity attractiveness has more weight in explaining the impact than the other two variables.

THEORETICAL/METHODOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS: This paper contributes to the body of literature by showing that many studies employ only two models (Source attractiveness and source expertise) in studying celebrity endorsement as independent variables. Match-up being utilized as a moderating variable, the current study has employed all three variables as independent variables, resulting in a 56.7% ability of the variables to explain the variance of the dependent variable.
Change in power and fuel consumption when engine cylinders are partially disabled in a wheeled vehicle
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Higway University, Molodan Andrii , Polyanskyi Oleksandr ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Higway University, Dubinin Yevhen ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Higway University, Artomov Mykola ,   State University of Biotechnology, Pushkarenko Oleh ,   State University of Biotechnology
Published: April 2024

The provided calculation methodology enables the evaluation of how disconnected cylinders affect engine power, overall efficiency, and fuel consumption. The study establishes that disconnecting cylinders leads to a proportional decrease in engine power. This means that an engine generating 154,5 kW power reduces to 113,4 kW with two disabled cylinders and goes down to 70,3 kW when four cylinders are disconnected. Reducing fuel consumption is especially notable at idle, showing a 27% drop after disabling half of the cylinders. However, fuel efficiency declines as the engine load increases until it reaches zero at the engine load factor. Discrepancies between the experimental and calculated data on fuel consumption and power are minimal, at around 7-8% during maximum load. Diesel engines have the potential to improve efficiency by shutting down certain cylinders, but the actual fuel savings depend on several factors, including the number of active cylinders, engine configuration, load, and mechanical losses incurred by the shutdown cylinders. A method for analyzing additional energy losses in the engine caused by forced and natural vibrations of motor-transmission systems in wheeled vehicles has been improved. The analysis utilizes the Meander function in the context of harmonic moment and Fourier series. This text describes a method for determining the power of mechanical losses and energy for pumping strokes, while considering changes in the temperature regime in disconnected engine cylinders at increased torque irregularity. It also determines the permissible number of disconnected cylinders, taking into account their effect on power and reliability of wheeled machines. This paper presents a method for evaluating the dependability of fundamental engine components in the context of increased torque irregularity resulting from the disconnection of some cylinders.
Improving the quality of wheeled vehicle stability assessment using constraint theory
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Polyanskyi Olexandr , Dubinin Yevhen ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Korobko Andrii ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Baidala Vladyslava ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University
Published: April 2024

The article considers the problem of assessing the stability of wheeled vehicles, which is an important characteristic that affects traffic safety and the economic performance of wheeled vehicles. The paper analyzes existing decision-making algorithms using the theory of constraints in assessing the stability of wheeled vehicles, considering five types of logic trees and establishing rules for their application to analyze the dynamic stability of vehicles. It was found that these algorithms have limited accuracy due to the lack of consideration of all factors that affect the stability of wheeled vehicles, or cannot take these factors into account with sufficient accuracy. Based on this, rules for using logical trees for a more accurate study of the stability of wheeled vehicles have been developed, which allow taking into account more factors that affect the stability of wheeled vehicles with greater accuracy. Using the solutions obtained in this work, it is possible to significantly expand the scope of measurements, allowing for a more objective analysis of vehicle parameters in various operating conditions. A study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the developed rules using various data sets, which included information on the parameters of wheeled vehicles and the results of dynamic stability tests. The results of the study showed that the developed rules can significantly improve the accuracy of assessing the stability of wheeled vehicles. Recommendations for improving the quality of tests for the dynamic stability of wheeled vehicles have been developed, which relate to the choice of test parameters and data processing methods. It is emphasized that the use of the theory of constraints can significantly improve the quality of tests for the dynamic stability of wheeled vehicles by providing appropriate approaches and methodologies to improve this process. The research results presented in this article are important for improving traffic safety and economic efficiency of wheeled vehicles.
TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP AND JOB SATISFACTION IN THE NURSING PROFESSION: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Rizzo Carla , Marti Flavio , Perrozzi Luca , Mauro Lucia
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Healthcare organisations require optimal leadership to achieve goals and deliver high-quality services. Leadership is the ability to influence employee behaviour and beliefs and is an essential element of a successful organisation. Improving job satisfaction is a key objective in addressing the challenges related to achieving and maintaining quality standards, ensuring patient satisfaction and staff retention. Similarly, transformational leadership has positive effects on nurses' job satisfaction and promotes organisational wellbeing in the workplace. Objective: The purpose of the review is to describe transformational leadership and job satisfaction in the nursing profession through a narrative revision. Materials and methods: The bibliographic research was carried out between September 2022 and March 2024 by consulting databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycInfo, with time limits of 12 years and Italian and English language filters. All items deemed relevant have been stored and managed with the Zotero IT platform. Results: 16 studies were examined: 1 comparative study, 5 descriptive correlational studies, 1 meta-analysis, 1 systematic review, 4 cross-sectional studies, 2 mixed method studies and 2 unspecified studies. The results of this study are consistent with transformational leadership theory, which highlights the leader's role in providing employees with supportive work environments that result in higher levels of job satisfaction and efficiency. Conclusions: The skills of a transformative leader, such as the ability to listen, provide support, and promote fairness and recognition, are fundamental to increasing nurses' job satisfaction and sustaining environments with a high level of quality of care. Healthcare managers must protect the quality of work undertaken by staff, implementing strategies that can improve nurses' working conditions.
Designed and Analysed of Three Distinct Composite Material-Based Mano Leaf Spring using ANSYS
Authors: Anand Kumar Pandey  , Nikhil Bajpai
Published: April 2024

The leaf spring is an important component in vehicles because it provides a comfortable ride and stability to the vehicle. The need to replace leaf springs with stronger and more lasting leaf springs is a key challenge in the transportation and automotive industries. In addition to offering ride comfort and stability, traditional steel leaf springs have a significant impact on the weight of the car. Fibre reinforced polymeric composites, therefore, are appropriate materials for various applications due to their many exceptional properties, including high wear resistance, high strength, long fatigue life, corrosion resistance, and low density. Fiber-reinforced polymeric composites find extensive application in several technical sectors, such as automotive, aviation, military, and marine industries. The utilization of composite materials has become imperative in the automotive industry to attain weight reduction without compromising material strength, as fuel consumption and CO2 emissions have to be reduced. In this paper, three different types of composite-based mono leaf springs were designed and examined. The results of the investigations showed that the 0° unidirectional glass fiber system was unable to correctly produce the required spring rate. Consequently, many combinations of carbon and glass hybrid systems were studied. The analysis showed that the desired spring rate was produced by the material configuration of [0°6G / 0°2C / 0°22G] S. When the final results were contrasted with the FEA findings, it was found that they concurred.
Communication Directors and Public Relations Professionals in Public School Districts
Authors: Lopez Sonja , Combs Julie
Published: April 2024

A school district’s need to satisfy the school community’s expectations for current, accurate information and manage a social media presence has increased the necessity for superintendents to employ public relations professionals. As such, these professionals are a recent addition to many school districts’ administrative teams. However, few research studies were located that focused on public relations professionals or communication directors in public schools. The purpose of this literature review was to identify empirical studies and professional association resources that provided historical, contextual, and relevant information about communication directors in school districts. Based on the findings, we uncovered three themes related to the history, roles and responsibilities, and standards for public relations professionals. Such information can help practitioners support communication functions and help researchers identify needed lines of inquiry.