bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endothall and 2,4-D activity in milfoil hybrid (Myriophyllum spicatum × M. sibiricum) when applied alone and in combination
Authors: Ortiz Mirella F. , Nissen Scott J. , Dayan Franck E.
Published: May 2024

Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) is an invasive aquatic plant that can hybridize with the native northern watermilfoil (M. sibiricum Kom.). These milfoil hybrids (M. spicatum × M. sibiricum) are becoming more prevalent in many lakes where the invasive and the native milfoil co-occur. Hybrid plants are more vigorous than either parent with a faster growth rate and lower sensitivity to some herbicides. The aquatic herbicides endothall and 2,4-D provide two effective modes of action for management of the hybrids. For more than a decade, these two herbicides have been used in combination as an effective control option and a resistance management strategy. How this combination impacts herbicide movement and efficacy is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the activity of endothall and 2,4-D combined compared with activity applied alone. Absorption and translocation of endothall, 2,4-D, and the combination was determined in hybrid plants over a 96-h time course. Endothall accumulation was not impacted when these herbicides were applied in combination; however, 2,4-D accumulation increased by 80%, relative to when 2,4-D was applied alone. Endothall translocation from shoots to roots decreased by almost 50% when applied in combination with 2,4-D (alone = 16.7% ± 2.6%; combination = 9.2% ± 1.2%). Shoot-to-root translocation of 2,4-D also decreased when the two herbicides were applied in combination (24.8% ± 2.6% when applied alone to only 3.93% ± 0.4% when in the presence of endothall). This research demonstrates that combining herbicides can significantly impact herbicide activity in plants. Future research is needed to determine whether this reduced translocation negatively impacts operational effectiveness when these herbicides are applied in combination.
Resistance patterns and molecular basis to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides
Authors: Yang Qian , Deng Wei , Liu Longwei , Wei Tian , Yang Xia , Zhu Jinlei , Lv Min , Li Yongfeng
Published: May 2024

Digitaria ciliaris var. chrysoblephara (Fig. & De Not.) R.R. Stewart is an annual xeromorphic weed that severely infests direct-seeded rice fields in China. Herbicide resistance is emerging in D. ciliaris var. chrysoblephara owing to extensive and recurrent use of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide metamifop. In this study, a total of 53 D. ciliaris var. chrysoblephara populations randomly sampled from direct-seeded rice fields across Jiangsu Province were investigated for metamifop resistance and potential resistance-endowing mutations. Single-dose assays revealed that 17 (32.1%) populations evolved resistance to metamifop and 5 (9.4%) populations were in the process of developing resistance. The resistance index (RI) of metamifop-resistant populations ranged from 2.7 to 32.1. Amino acid substitutions (Ile-1781-Leu, Trp-2027-Cys/Ser, and Ile-2041-Asn) in ACCase genes were detected in resistant D. ciliaris var. chrysoblephara plants and caused various cross-resistance patterns to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. All of four resistant populations (YC07, YZ09, SQ03, and HA06), with different ACCase mutations, exhibited cross-resistance to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) herbicides cyhalofop-butyl (RI values: 10.0 to 19.9), fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (RI values: 53.7 to 132.8), and haloxyfop-P-methyl (RI values: 6.2 to 62.6), and the phenylpyrazoline (DEN) pinoxaden (RI values: 2.3 to 5.4), but responded differently to the cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicides clethodim and sethoxydim. It is noteworthy that four postemergence herbicides used for rice cropping, including bispyribac-sodium, pyraclonil, quinclorac, and anilofos, showed poor control effect against D. ciliaris var. chrysoblephara, suggesting few alternations for managing this weed in rice fields except ACCase inhibitors. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that the D. ciliaris var. chrysoblephara had developed resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in rice cultivation of China, and target-site amino acid substitutions in ACCase were primarily responsible for metamifop resistance.
COCON – A Multi-Cohort, Multi-Informant Panel	Study
Authors: Buchmann Marlis , Grütter Jeanine
Published: May 2024

Abstract: COCON (COmpetence and CONtext) is an interdisciplinary longitudinal multi-cohort and multi-informant study with a focus on how children, adolescents, and young adults in Switzerland master developmental tasks and transitions in the institutionalized early life course, given unequal resources and opportunities inherent in their contexts of growing up. Based on the unique features of the study and its design, the data provide strong evidence for interindividual differences in children’s and adolescents’ competence development and their associations with opportunities and demands related to different social contexts. Findings also highlight how individual agency unfolds over time and dynamically relates to the mutual influence of important socialization agents in children’s and adolescents’ lives (parents, teachers) when coping with educational transitions. Exemplary findings are discussed with regard to the conceptual framework and signature features of the study, providing novel evidence for the study of child and adolescent development and potential implications.
Nitric Oxide Concentration: A New Data Set Derived From SABER Measurements
Authors: Wang Ningchao , Mlynczak Martin G. , Emmert John T. , López‐Puertas Manuel , Funke Bernd
Published: May 2024

Vertical profiles of nitric oxide (NO) concentration are derived between 120 and 250 km using updated NO emission rates measured by Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. The Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Radar (MSIS) 2.1 model is used to provide the required parameters of temperature, atomic oxygen number density, and molecule oxygen number density needed to derive the NO concentrations using a non‐local thermodynamic equilibrium (non‐LTE) model. The SABER NO concentration shows a significant correlation with solar activity with larger peak NO concentrations and higher altitude extent during solar maximum years compared to those during the solar minimum years. The SABER NO agrees well with the MSIS 2.1 NO at altitudes above 120 km for all latitudes, while the pronounced SABER‐MSIS NO discrepancy below 120 km is likely due to the temperature underestimation by MSIS 2.1. A detailed error analysis is presented and considers systematic and random errors in all the terms in the non‐LTE model used to derive the NO concentration. Random error in MSIS 2.1 temperature and atomic oxygen dominates the uncertainty in single NO profiles above 120 km. We estimated a systematic error up to ∼36% between 120 and 250 km during solar maximum years.
20th‐Century Antarctic Sea Level Mitigation Driven by Uncertain East Antarctic Accumulation History
Authors: Eswaran Advik , Truax Olivia J. , Fudge T. J.
Published: May 2024

Increasing snow accumulation over the Antarctic Ice Sheet may mitigate future sea level rise. However, current estimates of mitigation potential are poorly constrained due to limited records of past variability. We present an annually resolved reconstruction of Antarctic snow accumulation from 1801 to 2000 CE, employing a paleoclimate data assimilation methodology to integrate ice core records with a multi‐model ensemble of climate simulations. Our reconstruction correlates well with instrumental reanalysis, and we find that Antarctic accumulation rates increased over the 20th‐century, resulting in a modest amount (∼1 mm) of sea level mitigation. Mitigation is primarily driven by an accelerating trend since around 1970. Our results contrast with previous mitigation estimates of ∼10–12 mm; this discrepancy is due to poorly constrained baseline estimates of 19th‐century accumulation in East Antarctica. Our reconstruction suggests that the uncertainty of future sea level mitigation from increasing Antarctic accumulation has been underestimated.
A Reciprocity‐Based Efficient Method for Improved Source Parameter Estimation of Submarine Earthquakes With Hybrid 3‐D Teleseismic Green's Functions
Authors: Zang Chong , Wu Wenbo , Ni Sidao , Xu Min
Published: May 2024

Accurate source parameters of global submarine earthquakes are essential for understanding earthquake mechanics and tectonic dynamics. Previous studies have demonstrated that teleseismic P coda waveform complexities due to near‐source 3‐D structures are highly sensitive to source parameters of marine earthquakes. Leveraging these sensitivities, we can improve the accuracy of source parameter inversion compared to traditional 1‐D methods. However, modeling these intricate 3‐D effects poses significant computational challenges. To address this issue, we propose a novel reciprocity‐based hybrid method for computing 3‐D teleseismic Green's functions. Based on this method, we develop a grid‐search inversion workflow for determining reliable source parameters of moderate‐sized submarine earthquakes. The method is tested and proven on five Mw5+ earthquakes at the Blanco oceanic transform fault (OTF) with ground truth locations resolved by a local ocean bottom seismometer array, using ambient noise correlation and surface‐wave relocation techniques. Our results show that fitting P coda waveforms through 3‐D Green's functions can effectively improve the source location accuracy, especially for the centroid depth. Our improved centroid depths indicate that all the five Mw5+ earthquakes on the Blanco transform fault ruptured mainly above the depth of 600°C isotherm predicted by the half‐space cooling model. This finding aligns with the hypothesis that the rupture zone of large earthquakes at OTFs is confined by the 600°C isotherm. However, it is noted that the Blanco transform fault serves as a case study. Our 3‐D source inversion method offers a promising tool for systematically investigating global oceanic earthquakes using teleseismic waves.
Reproducibility of Equatorial Kelvin Waves in a Super‐Parameterized MIROC: 2. Linear Stability Analysis of In‐Model Kelvin Waves
Authors: Yamazaki K. , Miura H.
Published: May 2024

While low‐resolution climate models at present struggle to appropriately simulate convectively coupled large‐scale atmospheric disturbances such as equatorial Kelvin waves (EKWs), superparameterization helps better reproduce such phenomena. To evaluate such model differences based on physical mechanisms, a linearized theoretical framework of convectively coupled EKWs was developed in a form readily applicable to model evaluation by allowing background stability and diabatic heating to have arbitrary vertical profiles rather than assuming simplified ones. A system of linearized equations of convection‐coupled gravity waves was derived as a two‐dimensional model of the convectively coupled EKWs. In this work, the basic states are taken from observations, CTL‐MIROC and SP‐MIROC experiments introduced in Part 1. The tendency of convectively coupled gravity waves to grow faster under top‐heavy heating is confirmed for realistic stratification profiles, as found in previous studies under constant stratifications. A comparison of linear unstable solutions with basic states taken from SP‐MIROC and CTL‐MIROC shows that the top‐heavy heating profile in SP‐MIROC largely contributes to the enhancement of the EKW‐like unstable modes, while subtle differences of stratification profiles considerably affect EKW behaviors. The bottom‐heavy heating bias in the CTL‐MIROC likely originates from insufficient modeling of subgrid stratiform precipitation in tropical organized systems. It is desirable to incorporate such stratiform components in cumulus parameterizations to achieve better EKW reproducibility.
Composition of Stream Dissolved Organic Matter Across Canadian Forested Ecozones Varies in Three Dimensions Linked to Landscape and Climate
Authors: Orlova Julia , Amiri Fariba , Bourgeois Alyssa K. , Buttle Jim M. , Cherlet Erin , Cuss Chad W. , Devito Kevin J. , Emelko Monica B. , Floyd William C. , Foster David E. , Hutchins Ryan H. S. , Jamieson Rob , Johnson Mark S. , McSorley Hannah J. , Silins Uldis , Tank Suzanne E. , Thompson Lauren M. , Webster Kara L. , Williams Chris H. S. , Olefeldt David
Published: May 2024

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key variable influencing aquatic ecosystem processes. The concentration and composition of DOM in streams depend on both the delivery of DOM from terrestrial sources and on aquatic DOM production and degradation. However, there is limited understanding of the variability of stream DOM composition at continental scales and the influence of landscape characteristics and disturbances on DOM across different regions. We assessed DOM composition in 52 streams at seven research sites across six forested ecozones in Canada in 2019–2022 using 26 indices derived from five analytical approaches: absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, liquid chromatography—organic carbon detection, Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation. Combined analyses showed clear clustering and redundancy across analytical techniques, and indicated that compositional variations were primarily related to three axes of DOM composition: (a) aromaticity, which was greater in low‐relief, wetland‐dominated catchments, (b) oxygenation, which was greater in colder and drier ecozones, and (c) biopolymer content, which was greater in lake‐influenced catchments. Variability in DOM composition among research sites was greater than variability of streams within a site and variability over time within a stream. Forest harvesting and wildfire disturbances had no common influence on DOM composition across research sites, emphasizing the need for regional studies. Our study provides a broad understanding of the variability of stream DOM composition and its associations with landscape and catchment characteristics at a subcontinental scale, and provides key insights for the choice and interpretation of DOM indices from various analytical approaches.
Bioinspired integrated triboelectric electronic tongue
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Qian Jingui , Adil Murtazt , Bi Yali , Wu Haoyi , Hu Xuefeng , Wang Zuankai , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2024

An electronic tongue (E-tongue) comprises a series of sensors that simulate human perception of taste and embedded artificial intelligence (AI) for data analysis and recognition. Traditional E-tongues based on electrochemical methods suffer from a bulky size and require larger sample volumes and extra power sources, limiting their applications in in vivo medical diagnosis and analytical chemistry. Inspired by the mechanics of the human tongue, triboelectric components have been incorporated into E-tongue platforms to overcome these limitations. In this study, an integrated multichannel triboelectric bioinspired E-tongue (TBIET) device was developed on a single glass slide chip to improve the device’s taste classification accuracy by utilizing numerous sensory signals. The detection capability of the TBIET was further validated using various test samples, including representative human body, environmental, and beverage samples. The TBIET achieved a remarkably high classification accuracy. For instance, chemical solutions showed 100% identification accuracy, environmental samples reached 98.3% accuracy, and four typical teas demonstrated 97.0% accuracy. Additionally, the classification accuracy of NaCl solutions with five different concentrations reached 96.9%. The innovative TBIET exhibits a remarkable capacity to detect and analyze droplets with ultrahigh sensitivity to their electrical properties. Moreover, it offers a high degree of reliability in accurately detecting and analyzing various liquid samples within a short timeframe. The development of a self-powered portable triboelectric E-tongue prototype is a notable advancement in the field and is one that can greatly enhance the feasibility of rapid on-site detection of liquid samples in various settings.
Neutrophil diversity is associated with T-cell immunity and clinical relevance in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Lee Seong Eun , Koo Bon Seok , Sun Pureum , Yi Shinae , Choi Na Rae , Yoon Jiyeon , Kim Seon-Young , Kim Seon-Kyu , Park Seongyeol , Lakhani Aliya , O’Keeffe Samantha , Park Junyoung O. , Kang Da Hyun , Kang Yea Eun
Published: May 2024

Neutrophil heterogeneity is involved in autoimmune diseases, sepsis, and several cancers. However, the link between neutrophil heterogeneity and T-cell immunity in thyroid cancer is incompletely understood. We investigated the circulating neutrophil heterogeneity in 3 undifferentiated thyroid cancer (UTC), 14 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) (4 Stage IV, 10 Stage I–II), and healthy controls (n = 10) by transcriptomic data and cytometry. Participants with UTC had a significantly higher proportion of immature high-density neutrophils (HDN) and lower proportion of mature HDN in peripheral blood compared to DTC. The proportion of circulating PD-L1+ immature neutrophils were significantly increased in advanced cancer patients. Unsupervised analysis of transcriptomics data from circulating HDN revealed downregulation of innate immune response and T-cell receptor signaling pathway in cancer patients. Moreover, UTC patients revealed the upregulation of glycolytic process and glutamate receptor signaling pathway. Comparative analysis across tumor types and stages revealed the downregulation of various T-cell-related pathways, such as T-cell receptor signaling pathway and T-cell proliferation in advanced cancer patients. Moreover, the proportions of CD8+ and CD4+ T effector memory CD45RA+ (TEMRA) cells from peripheral blood were significantly decreased in UTC patients compared to DTC patients. Finally, we demonstrated that proportions of tumor-infiltrated neutrophils were increased and related with poor prognosis in advanced thyroid cancer using data from our RNA-seq and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data. In conclusion, observed prevalence of circulating immature high-density neutrophils and their immunosuppressive features in undifferentiated thyroid cancers underscore the importance of understanding neutrophil dynamics in the context of tumor progression in thyroid cancer.
Subaerial weathering drove stabilization of continents
Authors: Reimink Jesse R. , Smye Andrew J.
Published: May 2024

Earth’s silica-rich continental crust is unique among the terrestrial planets and is critical for planetary habitability. Cratons represent the most imperishable continental fragments and form about 50% of the continental crust of the Earth, yet the mechanisms responsible for craton stabilization remain enigmatic1. Large tracts of strongly differentiated crust formed between 3 and 2.5 billion years ago, during the late Mesoarchaean and Neoarchaean time periods2. This crust contains abundant granitoid rocks with elevated concentrations of U, Th and K; the formation of these igneous rocks represents the final stage of stabilization of the continental crust2,3. Here, we show that subaerial weathering, triggered by the emergence of continental landmasses above sea level, facilitated intracrustal melting and the generation of peraluminous granitoid magmas. This resulted in reorganization of the compositional architecture of continental crust in the Neoarchaean period. Subaerial weathering concentrated heat-producing elements into terrigenous sediments that were incorporated into the deep crust, where they drove crustal melting and the chemical stratification required to stabilize the cratonic lithosphere. The chain of causality between subaerial weathering and the final differentiation of Earth’s crust implies that craton stabilization was an inevitable consequence of continental emergence. Generation of sedimentary rocks enriched in heat-producing elements, at a time in the history of the Earth when the rate of radiogenic heat production was on average twice the present-day rate, resolves a long-standing question of why many cratons were stabilized in the Neoarchaean period.
Tumor-repopulating cells evade ferroptosis via PCK2-dependent phospholipid remodeling
Authors: Li Zhe , Xu Zhi-min , Chen Wei-peng , Du Xiao-jing , Ou Chun-xian , Luo Zi-kang , Wang Rong , Zhang Chu-qing , Ge Chao-dong , Han Meng , Wang Fudi , He Rong-Rong , Sun Wan-yang , Ma Jun , Liang Xiao-yu , Liu Zhuo-wei
Published: May 2024

Whether stem-cell-like cancer cells avert ferroptosis to mediate therapy resistance remains unclear. In this study, using a soft fibrin gel culture system, we found that tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs) with stem-cell-like cancer cell characteristics resist chemotherapy and radiotherapy by decreasing ferroptosis sensitivity. Mechanistically, through quantitative mass spectrometry and lipidomic analysis, we determined that mitochondria metabolic kinase PCK2 phosphorylates and activates ACSL4 to drive ferroptosis-associated phospholipid remodeling. TRCs downregulate the PCK2 expression to confer themselves on a structural ferroptosis-resistant state. Notably, in addition to confirming the role of PCK2-pACSL4(T679) in multiple preclinical models, we discovered that higher PCK2 and pACSL4(T679) levels are correlated with better response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as lower distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cohorts.
Paleo-geomorphic features of pre-Jurassic and its oil-controlling effect in Wuqi–Dingbian area
Authors: Wang Guicheng , Wang Xiaolin , Xie Licheng , Huang Ruili
Published: May 2024

The Fuxian-Yan10 layers are the main oil-producing reservoirs of Jurassic in Wuqi–Dingbian area of Ordos Basin. However, due to the lack of understanding of the pattern and distribution characteristics of oil reservoirs, the benefits of exploration and development are restricted. In order to provide theoretical guidance for the study of similar geological features, based on the analysis of paleogeomorphic features and evolution, the analysis focuses on the influence of palaeo-geomorphology on oil reservoir distribution, and summarizes the main types of reservoir models in the study area. The results show that there are four types of palaeo-geomorphic units in the Wuding area: palaeo-river, slope, highland and interriver hill. In the study area, the Jurassic paleogeomorphology controls the sedimentary development and distribution from Fuxian Formation to Yan 9 Formation. The compacted structure and lithologic barrier provide good trapping conditions for the paleogeomorphic oil. Moreover, the swampy coal measures and mudstone at the top of Yan 9 play a sealing role for oil accumulation, and the bottom water was obviously driven. In addition, the pre-Jurassic deep valley was the main channels for oil migration. On this basis, it is concluded that there are four reservoir-forming models in Wuding area: slope type, river hill type, ancient river type and highland type.
Effects of train speed and passenger capacity on ground vibration of underground suburban railways
Authors: Cao Shusen , Li Dong , Li Zhimin , Wang Hongkai , Yin Jili , Chen Chao , Wang Futong
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explore the optimal driving speed for ground vibration in suburban railway underground sections. We focused on the ground surface of suburban railway underground sections and developed a 3D finite element dynamic coupling model for the tunnel–soil system. Subsequently, considering factors such as train speed and passenger load, we analyzed the propagation characteristics of ground vibration responses in urban railway underground sections. The research results indicate a significant amplification phenomenon in the peak power spectrum of measurement points near the tunnels in underground sections. The high-frequency components of the power spectrum between measurement points are noticeably higher between the two tunnels. Furthermore, as the train speed increases, this amplification phenomenon becomes more pronounced, and the power spectrum of each measurement point mainly concentrates on several frequency bands, with the amplitude of the power spectrum near the prominent frequencies also increasing. However, when the train speed is between 100 and 120 km/h, the impact on the amplitude of the power spectrum at measurement points above the running tunnel is minimal. Additionally, the amplitude of the middle-to-high frequency components in the power spectrum increases with the increase in passenger numbers. The impact on the peak acceleration amplitude at each measurement point is minimal when the train speed is 80 km/h or below. However, once the train speed exceeds 80 km/h, the peak acceleration amplitude above the running tunnel rapidly increases, reaching its maximum value at 113 km/h, and then gradually decreasing.
A green, facile, and practical preparation of capsaicin derivatives with thiourea structure
Authors: Chen Lina , Gao Zhenhua , Zhang Ye , Dai Xiandong , Meng Fanhua , Guo Yongbiao
Published: May 2024

Capsaicin derivatives with thiourea structure (CDTS) is highly noteworthy owing to its higher analgesic potency in rodent models and higher agonism in vitro. However, the direct synthesis of CDTS remains t one or more shortcomings. In this study, we present reported a green, facile, and practical synthetic method of capsaicin derivatives with thiourea structure is developed by using an automated synthetic system, leading to a series of capsaicin derivatives with various electronic properties and functionalities in good to excellent yields.
Association between organic nitrogen substrates and the optical purity of d-lactic acid during the fermentation by Sporolactobacillus terrae SBT-1
Authors: Thitiprasert Sitanan , Jaiaue Phetcharat , Amornbunchai Nichakorn , Thammakes Jesnipit , Piluk Jirabhorn , Srimongkol Piroonporn , Tanasupawat Somboon , Thongchul Nuttha
Published: May 2024

The development of biotechnological lactic acid production has attracted attention to the potential production of an optically pure isomer of lactic acid, although the relationship between fermentation and the biosynthesis of highly optically pure d-lactic acid remains poorly understood. Sporolactobacillus terrae SBT-1 is an excellent d-lactic acid producer that depends on cultivation conditions. Herein, three enzymes responsible for synthesizing optically pure d-lactic acid, including d-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH; encoded by ldhDs), l-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH; encoded by ldhLs), and lactate racemase (Lar; encoded by larA), were quantified under different organic nitrogen sources and concentration to study the relationship between fermentation conditions and synthesis pathway of optically pure lactic acid. Different organic nitrogen sources and concentrations significantly affected the quantity and quality of d-lactic acid produced by strain SBT-1 as well as the synthetic optically pure lactic acid pathway. Yeast extract is a preferred organic nitrogen source for achieving high catalytic efficiency of d-lactate dehydrogenase and increasing the transcription level of ldhA2, indicating that this enzyme plays a major role in d-lactic acid formation in S. terrae SBT-1. Furthermore, lactate racemization activity could be regulated by the presence of d-lactic acid. The results of this study suggest that specific nutrient requirements are necessary to achieve a stable and highly productive fermentation process for the d-lactic acid of an individual strain.
Adaptive temporal compression for reduction of computational complexity in human behavior recognition
Authors: Huang Haixin , Wang Yuyao , Cai Mingqi , Wang Ruipeng , Wen Feng , Hu Xiaojie
Published: May 2024

The research on video analytics especially in the area of human behavior recognition has become increasingly popular recently. It is widely applied in virtual reality, video surveillance, and video retrieval. With the advancement of deep learning algorithms and computer hardware, the conventional two-dimensional convolution technique for training video models has been replaced by three-dimensional convolution, which enables the extraction of spatio-temporal features. Specifically, the use of 3D convolution in human behavior recognition has been the subject of growing interest. However, the increased dimensionality has led to challenges such as the dramatic increase in the number of parameters, increased time complexity, and a strong dependence on GPUs for effective spatio-temporal feature extraction. The training speed can be considerably slow without the support of powerful GPU hardware. To address these issues, this study proposes an Adaptive Time Compression (ATC) module. Functioning as an independent component, ATC can be seamlessly integrated into existing architectures and achieves data compression by eliminating redundant frames within video data. The ATC module effectively reduces GPU computing load and time complexity with negligible loss of accuracy, thereby facilitating real-time human behavior recognition.
Novel nanostructure approach for antibiotic decomposition in a spinning disc photocatalytic reactor
Authors: Fallahizadeh Saeid , Rahimi Mahmood Reza , Gholami Mitra , Esrafili Ali , Farzadkia Mahdi , Kermani Majid
Published: May 2024

Conventional wastewater treatment processes are often unable to remove antibiotics with resistant compounds and low biological degradation. The need for advanced and sustainable technologies to remove antibiotics from water sources seems essential. In this regard, the effectiveness of a spinning disc photocatalytic reactor (SDPR) equipped with a visible light-activated Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2@CuO/ZnO core–shell (FSNCZ CS) thin film photocatalyst was investigated for the decomposition of amoxicillin (AMX), a representative antibiotic. Various characterization techniques, such as TEM, FESEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, and UV–Vis-DRS, were employed to study the surface morphology, optoelectronic properties, and nanostructure of the FSNCZ CS. Key operating parameters such as irradiation time, pH, initial AMX concentration, rotational speed, and solution flow rate were fine-tuned for optimization. The results indicated that the highest AMX decomposition (98.7%) was attained under optimal conditions of 60 min of irradiation time, a rotational speed of 350 rpm, a solution flow rate of 0.9 L/min, pH of 5, and an initial AMX concentration of 20 mg/L. Moreover, during the 60 min irradiation time, more than 69.95% of chemical oxygen demand and 61.2% of total organic carbon were removed. After the photocatalytic decomposition of AMX, there is a substantial increase in the average oxidation state and carbon oxidation state in SDPR from 1.33 to 1.94 and 3.2, respectively. Active species tests confirmed that ·OH and ·O2− played a dominant role in AMX decomposition. The developed SDPR, which incorporates a reusable and robust FSNCZ CS photocatalyst, demonstrates promising potential for the decomposition of organic compounds.
Metagenomic evaluation of peanut rhizosphere microbiome from the farms of Saurashtra regions of Gujarat, India
Authors: Hirpara Krunal R. , Hinsu Ankit T. , Kothari Ramesh K.
Published: May 2024

The narrow zone of soil around the plant roots with maximum microbial activity termed as rhizosphere. Rhizospheric bacteria promote the plant growth directly or indirectly by providing the nutrients and producing antimicrobial compounds. In this study, the rhizospheric microbiota of peanut plants was characterized from different farms using an Illumina-based partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate microbial diversity and identify the core microbiome through culture-independent (CI) approach. Further, all rhizospheric bacteria that could grow on various nutrient media were identified, and the diversity of those microbes through culture-dependent method (CD) was then directly compared with their CI counterparts. The microbial population profiles showed a significant correlation with organic carbon and concentration of phosphate, manganese, and potassium in the rhizospheric soil. Genera likeSphingomicrobium, Actinoplanes, Aureimonas _A, Chryseobacterium,members fromSphingomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,Pseudomonadaceae,Enterobacteriaceaefamily, and Bacilli class were found in the core microbiome of peanut plants. As expected, the current study demonstrated more bacterial diversity in the CI method. However, a higher number of sequence variants were exclusively present in the CD approach compared to the number of sequence variants shared between both approaches. These CD-exclusive variants belonged to organisms that are more typically found in soil. Overall, this study portrayed the changes in the rhizospheric microbiota of peanuts in different rhizospheric soil and environmental conditions and gave an idea about core microbiome of peanut plant and comparative bacterial diversity identified through both approaches.
Comparison of vestibular function in hereditary hearing loss patients with GJB2, CDH23, and SLC26A4 variants
Authors: Tsukada Keita , Nishio Shin-ya , Takumi Yutaka , Usami Shin-ichi
Published: May 2024

To investigate the association between hereditary hearing loss and vestibular function, we compared vestibular function and symptoms among patients with GJB2, SLC26A4, and CDH23 variants. Thirty-nine patients with sensory neural hearing loss (11 males and 28 females) with biallelic pathogenic variants in either GJB2, SLC26A4, or CDH23 were included in this study (13 GJB2, 15 SLC26A4, and 11 CDH23). The patients were examined using caloric testing and cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP and oVEMP). We also compared vestibular function and symptoms between patients with these gene variants and 78 normal-hearing ears without vestibular symptoms as controls. The frequency of semicircular canal hypofunction in caloric testing was higher in patients with SLC26A4 variants (47%) than in those with GJB2 (0%) and CDH23 variants (27%). According to the cVEMP results, 69% of patients with GJB2 variants had saccular hypofunction, a significantly higher proportion than in those carrying other variants (SLC26A4, 20%; CDH23, 18%). In oVEMP, which reflects utricular function, no difference was observed in the frequency of hypofunction among the three genes (GJB2, 15%; SLC26A4, 40%; and CDH23, 36%). Hence, discernable trends indicate vestibular dysfunction associated with each gene.
The GATAD2B-NuRD complex drives DNA:RNA hybrid-dependent chromatin boundary formation upon DNA damage
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Ajit Kamal , Wu Yupei , Zhu Wei-Guo , Gullerova Monika
Published: May 2024

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal form of DNA damage. Transcriptional activity at DSBs, as well as transcriptional repression around DSBs, are both required for efficient DNA repair. The chromatin landscape defines and coordinates these two opposing events. However, how the open and condensed chromatin architecture is regulated remains unclear. Here, we show that the GATAD2B–NuRD complex associates with DSBs in a transcription- and DNA:RNA hybrid-dependent manner, to promote histone deacetylation and chromatin condensation. This activity establishes a spatio-temporal boundary between open and closed chromatin, which is necessary for the correct termination of DNA end resection. The lack of the GATAD2B–NuRD complex leads to chromatin hyperrelaxation and extended DNA end resection, resulting in homologous recombination (HR) repair failure. Our results suggest that the GATAD2B–NuRD complex is a key coordinator of the dynamic interplay between transcription and the chromatin landscape, underscoring its biological significance in the RNA-dependent DNA damage response.
Control of spin on ferromagnetism and thermoelectric properties of K2GeMnX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) halide perovskites: emerging candidates for semiconductor spintronics and thermoelectric applications
Authors: Sofi Mudasir Younis , Khan Mohd Shahid , Khan M. Ajmal
Published: May 2024

The Figure showcases high thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) values at 300 K for K2GeMnCl6, K2GeMnBr6, and K2GeMnI6 (1.01, 1.00 and 0.99), highlighting their significant potential for renewable energy applications.
A binding-triggered hybridization chain reaction cascade multi-site activated CRISPR/Cas12a signal amplification strategy for sensitive detection of α-synuclein
Authors: Wan Zhenzhuo , Lu Jiahao , Lu Lu , Zhao Weichong , Jiang Wei
Published: May 2024

A binding-triggered hybridization chain reaction cascade multi-site activated CRISPR/Cas12a signal amplification strategy for sensitive detection of α-synuclein. This work provides a promising analysis tool for the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
Non-viral vector-based genome editing for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Fang Tianxu , Chen Guojun
Published: May 2024

Non-viral vector-based CRISPR-Cas-mediated immunoengineering in tumor cells and immune cells for cancer immunotherapy.
Isomer-specific photofragmentation of C3H3+ at the carbon K-edge
Authors: Reinwardt Simon , Cieslik Patrick , Buhr Ticia , Perry-Sassmannshausen Alexander , Schippers Stefan , Müller Alfred , Trinter Florian , Martins Michael
Published: May 2024

Individual fingerprints of different isomers of C3H3+ cations have been identified by studying photoionization, photoexcitation, and photofragmentation of C3H3+ near the carbon K-edge.
Thermal and protonation-induced electron transfer coupled spin transition in a discrete [Fe2Co3] Prussian blue analogue
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Nandi Monojit , Kharel Ranjan , Mukherjee Moubani , Konar Sanjit
Published: May 2024

The work presents a rationally designed cyanide bridged [Fe2Co3] pentanuclear complex integrated with protonation sites, where the electronic states can be triggered by both thermal and chemical stimuli. This provides a promising approach for multi-stimuli responsive switchable molecular materials.
Thermal processes in anisotropic metal complexes induced by non-adiabatic switching of magnetic field
Authors: Palii Andrew , Tsukerblat Boris
Published: May 2024

We analyze the thermal processes in magnetically anisotropic metal complexes under the action of non-adiabatic switching of magnetic field. The results can be used for studying the magnetic anisotropy and  may have practical implementation  as a method of cooling.
New insights into pure zwitterionic hydrogels with high strength and high toughness
Authors: Yin Haiyan , You Min , Shi Xinlei , Yu Hui , Chen Qiang
Published: May 2024

Highlighting the synergistic effect between liquid–liquid phase-separation and entanglement in pure polyzwitterionic hydrogels with high strength and toughness.
Pre-programmable pneumatic actuator: leveraging mechanical anisotropy of nonwoven fabrics with an integrated tensile sensor
Authors: Qiu Sheng , Zhang Hongwei , Cheng Jiazhe , Shi Shuo , Lam Yintung , Li Wenfang , Li Haoyun , Wang Hongbo , Sun Fengxin , Jia Hao
Published: May 2024

Drawing inspiration from lobster antennae, we propose a scalable and cost-effective method to create fabric-based pneumatic actuators using nonwoven fabric with exceptional mechanical anisotropy toward versatile soft robotic applications.
A series of potent BODIPY photosensitisers featuring tellurophene motifs at boron
Authors: Campbell Jacob W. , Tung Matthew T. , Taylor Breanna B. , Beharry Andrew A. , Thompson Alison
Published: May 2024

Nine new BODIPYs appended with tellurophenes at boron are presented alongside photochemical and photosensitisation properties.
Insights into the origin of Co-based bimetallic catalysts with a para-structure exhibiting ORR and OER bifunctional activities
Authors: Zhu Yuxi , Han Chaoling , Chen Zhenqian
Published: May 2024

The development of non-precious metal catalysts with oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) bifunctional activities is of great significance for the development of fuel cells.
Achieving strong second harmonic generation effects induced via dimensional increase of PbX6 octahedra and halogen substitutes in (C10H11N3)PbX4 (X = Cl or Br)
Authors: Zhang Li-Ling , Ding Qingran , Wang Peihan , Zhang Yanqiu , Liu Qing-Yan , Wang Yu-Ling , Luo Junhua
Published: May 2024

The second harmonic generation effect and birefringence of (C10H11N3)BX4 perovskites are considerably enhanced via structural evolution and halogen substitution strategies.
Visible-light-mediated substituent-controlled regiodivergent (2 + 2)/(3 + 2) cycloadditions for the synthesis of aza-analogs of β-lactam and γ-fused lactam derivatives
Authors: Zuo Wei-Fang , Zhang Yang , Luo Yulin , Li Xiang , Zhan Gu , Zhou Jin , Pang Qiwen , Yang Qian-Qian , Han Bo
Published: May 2024

Substituent-controlled regiodivergent synthesis of aza-analogs of β-lactam and γ-fused lactam derivatives via the visible-light-induced Wolff rearrangement of α-diazoketones and azo esters.
Background and Rationale for a Transitional Intervention for Debilitating Hyperacusis
Authors: Formby Craig , Secor Carrie A. , Cherri Dana , Eddins David A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

This report provides the experimental, clinical, theoretical, and historical background that motivated a patented transitional intervention and its implementation and evaluation in a field trial for mitigation of debilitating loudness-based hyperacusis (LH).

Background and Rationale:

Barriers for ameliorating LH, which is differentiated here from other forms of hyperacusis, are delineated, including counterproductive management and treatment strategies that may exacerbate the condition. Evidence for hyper-gain central auditory processes as the bases for LH and the associated LH-induced distress and stress responses are presented. This presentation is followed by an overview of prior efforts to use counseling and therapeutic sound as interventional tools for recalibrating the hyper-gain LH response. We also consider previous efforts to use output-limiting sound-protection devices in the management of LH. This historical background lays the foundation for our transitional intervention protocol and its implementation and evaluation in a field trial.

Conclusions:

The successful implementation and evaluation of a transitional intervention, which we document in the outcomes of a companion proof-of-concept field trial in this issue, build on our prior efforts and those of others to understand, manage, and treat hyperacusis. These efforts to overcome significant barriers and vexing long-standing challenges in the management and treatment of LH, as reviewed here, are the pillars of the transitional intervention and its primary components, namely, counseling combined with protective sound management and therapeutic sound, which we detail in separate reports in this issue.
Molecular gas scaling relations for local star-forming galaxies in the low-M* regime
Authors: Hagedorn B. , Cicone C. , Sarzi M. , Saintonge A. , Severgnini P. , Vignali C. , Shen S. , Rubinur K. , Schimek A. , Lasrado A.
Published: May 2024

We derived molecular gas fractions (fmol = Mmol/M*) and depletion times (τmol = Mmol/SFR) for 353 galaxies representative of the local star-forming population with 108.5 M⊙ < M* < 1010.5 M⊙ drawn from the ALLSMOG and xCOLDGASS surveys of CO(2−1) and CO(1−0) line emission. By adding constraints from low-mass galaxies and upper limits for CO non-detections, we find the median molecular gas fraction of the local star-forming population to be constant at log fmol = −0.99−0.19+0.22, challenging previous reports of increased molecular gas fractions in low-mass galaxies. Above M* ∼ 1010.5 M⊙, we find the fmol versus M* relation to be sensitive to the selection criteria for star-forming galaxies. We tested the robustness of our results against different prescriptions for the CO-to-H2 conversion factor and different selection criteria for star-forming galaxies. The depletion timescale τmol weakly depends on M*, following a power law with a best-fit slope of 0.16 ± 0.03. This suggests that small variations in specific star formation rate (sSFR = SFR/M*) across the local main sequence of star-forming galaxies with M* < 1010.5 M⊙ are mainly driven by differences in the efficiency of converting the available molecular gas into stars. We tested these results against a possible dependence of fmol and τmol on the surrounding (group) environment of the targets by splitting them into centrals, satellites, and isolated galaxies, and find no significant variation between these populations. We conclude that the group environment is unlikely to have a large systematic effect on the molecular gas content of star-forming galaxies in the local Universe.
Stabilité mécanique à long terme des cavités salines de stockage d’hydrogène
Authors: Djizanne Hippolyte , Brouard Benoit , Hévin Grégoire , Lekoko Carelle
Published: May 2024

L’étude de la stabilité mécanique des cavités salines servant au stockage de l’hydrogène est un sujet important dans le contexte de la transition énergétique. Alors que l’hydrogène émerge comme un vecteur énergétique clé pour le stockage d’énergie décarbonée, comprendre les réponses mécaniques des cavités salines autour des pressions d’exploitation est essentiel. Cet article présente une analyse détaillée des effets des pressions maximales et minimales constantes sur une période de 30 ans sur la perte de volume par fluage, la contrainte effective, le facteur de sécurité des cavités salines vis-à-vis de l’apparition de la dilatance ainsi que la subsidence en surface. En utilisant une modélisation géomécanique couplée, cet article explore l’intégrité structurelle d’une cavité soumise à des conditions de chargement extrêmes sur une longue période, fournissant des informations essentielles pour le dimensionnement, l’exploitation et la maintenance des futurs sites de stockage souterrain d’hydrogène gazeux.
Numerical modeling of phase transformations of Ti6Al4V during electrical discharge machining
Authors: Marzougui Ons , Ben Moussa Naoufel , Ghanem Farhat
Published: May 2024

Conventional machining of Ti6Al4V parts with complex shapes is often a tough task due to its low thermal conductivity and its high strength-to-density ratio. Thus, electrical discharge machining (EDM) comes as a better alternative that surpasses these manufacturing difficulties. In this work, a coupled thermo-mechanical model was built using the FEM software package Abaqus to estimate the sublayers final microstructure of a Ti6Al4V machined workpiece. The proposed numerical model aims to replicate a single-spark electrical discharge machining process. Phase transformations kinetic laws of the biphasic titanium alloy and heat flux distribution subroutines were implemented. XRD analysis, metallurgical sample preparation and optical microscope imaging were performed to investigate electrical discharge machining effects on Ti6Al4V part and to validate the numerical proposed model. Close agreement was found between experimental investigation results and numerical outcomes. The numerical model considers the remaining amount of 10% of β phase redeposited at the end of the discharge phase additionally to the martensitic phase α’.