bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities and problems of using drama to engage with First Nations content and concepts in education: A systematic review
Authors: Hradsky Danielle , Forgasz Rachel
Published: June 2022

Educators around the world are increasingly considering and seeking ways to challenge their role in the colonial project. Some have turned to embodied pedagogies as a way to encourage holistic, relationships-based learning in academies which traditionally prioritise cognitive, objective knowing. This review analyses 27 studies, published between 2007 and 2020, that draw on drama-based pedagogies to engage with First Nations content and concepts in early childhood, primary, secondary, and tertiary institutions. We found that drama provides powerful but often risky and unpredictable ways to enhance student, educator, and community learning, engagement, emotions, and relationships. The educator’s role is vital to enabling or preventing outcomes which contribute to the survival, dignity, and well-being of First Nations peoples. Ethical guidelines and issues must be carefully considered by anyone attempting to work in this complex, awkward space.
Stratified state aggregation (SSA) approach in real option valuation: combining price and grade uncertainties in tin mining projects
Authors: Ardhiansyah Mohammad Rahman , Adachi Tsuyoshi , Oda Junichiro
Published: June 2022

The only source of revenue for mining is the sale of its reserves. Therefore, a particular quantity of reserves and a specific selling price will generate a certain income. However, these income determinants are very unpredictable. Theoretically, real options (RO) substitute the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach to account for this uncertainty. Generally, RO quantify the uncertainty particularly related to price volatility. However, owing to its mathematical intricacy and application, the utility of RO is minimal. In addition, historical data analysis cannot be applied for spatial uncertainty related to grade uncertainty. Conventional RO approaches, such as the Black–Scholes method and lattice valuation technique, cannot measure a project with multiple uncertainties. In addition, these methods are mathematically complex and not sufficiently flexible for practical adaptation. This study proposes originality on simulation technique called stratified state aggregation (SSA) development that combined price and grade uncertainties in estimating the value of mining projects. For case study, a tin mining project of PT Timah Tbk in Indonesia was undertaken, specifically for short-term mine planning in underwater mining operations at two mining locations. We utilized the historical data natural logarithmic analysis to determine price uncertainty and conditional simulation to evaluate grade uncertainty. Our results indicated that mining uncertainties might be modeled using RO and value-added through SSA can be used to assess multi-uncertainty and multi-stage mining (rainbow option). The SSA decision aligned with the DCF method with improvement in uncertainty assessment. In addition, incorporating management flexibility may aid in alleviating concerns regarding the continuation or termination of a project.
Contrasting yield responses at varying levels of shade suggest different suitability of crops for dual land-use systems: a meta-analysis
Authors: Laub Moritz , Pataczek Lisa , Feuerbacher Arndt , Zikeli Sabine , Högy Petra
Published: June 2022

Despite the large body of research surrounding crop growth parameters, there is still a lack of systematic assessments on how harvestable yields of different crop types respond to varying levels of shading. However, with the advent of agrivoltaic systems, a technology that combines energy and food production, shade tolerance of cropping systems is becoming increasingly important. To address this research gap, a meta-analysis with data from two experimental approaches (intercropping and artificial shading with cloths, nets or solar panels) was performed. The aim was to quantitatively assess the susceptibility of different temperate crop types to increasing levels of shading. Crop type specific yield response curves were developed as a function of reduction in solar radiation, estimating relative crop yields compared to the unshaded controls. Only studies that reported reduction in solar radiation and crop yield per area in temperate and subtropical areas were included. The results suggested a nonlinear relationship between achieved crop yields and reduction in solar radiation for all crop types. Most crops tolerate reduced solar radiation up to 15%, showing a less than proportional yield decline. However, significant differences between the response curves of the following crop types existed: Berries, fruits and fruity vegetables benefited from reduction in solar radiation up to 30%. Forages, leafy vegetables, tubers/root crops, and C3 cereals initially showed less than proportional crop yield loss. In contrast, maize and grain legumes experienced strong crop yield losses even at low shade levels. The results provide a set of initial indicators that may be used in assessing the suitability of crop types for shade systems, and thus for agrivoltaic or other dual land-use systems. Detailed yield response curves, as provided by this study, are valuable tools in optimizing the output of annual crop components in these systems.
Fetal 3D Imaging and HDlive Silhouette in Unraveling a Rare Case of Gall Bladder Anomaly with Fetal MRI Correlation
Authors: Agrawal Purvi , Suman T. P. , Banakar Sudhakar , Makam Adinarayana
Published: June 2022

Current technology and rapidly evolving Three-dimensional (3D) and Four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound techniques with advanced High Definition live (HD live) application has made Fetal medicine accomplishable. The introduction of high-frequency probes and evolution from hand swept slice acquisition to mechanically oscillating to electronically oscillating transducers with complex post-processing algorithms has led to the visualization of 3D view or real-time 3D view (4D) of fetal structures. In this review, we present a rare antenatal case of duplication of the gall bladder, highlight the utility of 3D/4D imaging and HD live Silhouette aiding in better understanding anatomical relationships, diagnosis, and implication in counseling.
Anaphylaxis to drug excipients
Authors: Pfützner Wolfgang
Published: June 2022

In addition to the therapeutic agent, drugs contain excipients such as stabilizers, preservatives, solubilizers, or dyes, some of which are identical to additives in foods. Anaphylaxis to these excipients is probably an underestimated problem. After the first descriptions of anaphylactic reactions to drug excipients appeared more than 30 years ago, the number of corresponding reports has increased significantly over the years. However, a diagnostic gap exists in the clarification of drug allergic reactions when the index product is not known and/or is not available for testing. In the present work, individual excipients are presented as examples for which publications on anaphylaxis are available. Furthermore, the options of allergological testing both in vivo and in vitro are discussed. The pathogenesis of such reactions is still unresolved in many cases, and current concepts are briefly presented in the conclusion. With increasing knowledge about anaphylaxis to drug excipients, it is assumed that these can then be recognized more often and diagnostically clarified.
Die Rolle von vaginalem DHEA bei der Behandlung des genitourinären Syndroms der Menopause
Authors: Stute Petra
Published: June 2022

Das genitourinäre Syndrom der Menopause (GSM) hat erhebliche negative Auswirkungen auf das Leben der betroffenen Frauen. Trotz der zunehmenden Zahl von GSM-Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, z. B. nichthormonelle Vaginalprodukte, vaginale Hormone (Östrogene, Dehydroepiandrosteron [DHEA], Prasteron), vaginale Lasertherapie, bleiben jedoch viele Frauen unbehandelt. Ziel eines Schweizer interdisziplinären GSM-Konsenstreffens im Jahr 2020 war es, Instrumente für das GSM-Management in der täglichen Praxis zu entwickeln: 1) einen GSM-Management-Algorithmus (personalisierte Medizin), 2) ein Kommunikationsinstrument für vaginales DHEA (Arzneimittel-Facts-Box) und 3) ein Kommunikationsinstrument zum Verständnis der Zulassungsbehörden und der Diskrepanz zwischen wissenschaftlichen Daten und Packungsbeilagen. Die Akzeptanz und Anwendbarkeit solcher Tools werden weiter untersucht werden.
Different Lengths of Percutaneous Transverse Iliosacral Screw in Geometric Osseous Fixation Pathway: A Finite-Element Analysis
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zhang Yuanzhi , Wang Shaobai , Liu Rui , Liu Gang
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate the biomechanical performances of the sacroiliac screw fixation of the first sacral vertebra with different lengths of screws using the Finite-Element Method.

Methods

First, pelvic CT images were generated from a healthy volunteer, and multislice sagittal views were produced to determine the axis for the first sacral vertebra geometric osseous fixation pathway (GOFP). Subsequently, according to the geometric size and mechanical parameters of the iliosacral screw, the screw models with the same diameter of 7.3 mm and different lengths of 80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, 110 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm and 140 mm were built. Then the seven screws were assembled with the pelvic model. The maximum von Mises stress and the shape variables were evaluated for the pelvis and the screws.

Results

Results are shown for the pelvic and GOFP screw, respectively. The simulation results show that the maximum von Mises stress in the cortex of the pelvic ring of the pelvis with the 130-mm length screw is the lowest among the pelvic models with different screws. Moreover, the peak displacement of the pelvis with the 130-mm length screw is the smallest. These results indicate that under the standing condition, a 130-mm length screw can decrease the stress concentration and result in a more effective transfer of stress within the reconstructed pelvis. In addition, the displacement of the screw with a 130-mm length is the smallest among all the considered screws. The peak von Mises stresses in the 130-mm length screw and the cortex are still within a low and elastic range below the yielding strengths of the materials.

Conclusion

Through the finite element analysis, the GOFP can be used as a safe and effective way for iliosacral screw fixation. The optimal length of the screw may be 130 mm length.
Fault diagnosis of industrial robot based on dual-module attention convolutional neural network
Authors: Lu Kaijie , Chen Chong , Wang Tao , Cheng Lianglun , Qin Jian
Published: June 2022

Fault diagnosis plays a vital role in assessing the health management of industrial robots and improving maintenance schedules. In recent decades, artificial intelligence-based data-driven approaches have made significant progress in machine fault diagnosis using monitoring data. However, current methods pay less attention to correlations and internal differences in monitoring data, resulting in limited diagnostic performance. In this paper, a data-driven method is proposed for the fault diagnosis of industrial robot reducers, that is, a dual-module attention convolutional neural network (DMA-CNN). This method aims to diagnose the fault state of industrial robot reducer. It establishes two parallel convolutional neural networks with two different attentions to capture the different features related to the fault. Finally, the features are fused to obtain the fault diagnosis results (normal or abnormal). The fault diagnosis effect of the DMA-CNN method and other attention models are compared and analyzed. The effectiveness of the method is verified on a dataset of real industrial robots.
“Dogmatism” and Dogmatism
Authors: Biro John
Published: June 2022

The so-called paradox of dogmatism has it that it seems that one is both entitled and not entitled to ignore evidence against what one knows. By knowing something, one knows it to be true, and one also knows that there can be no non-misleading evidence against what is true. But to ignore evidence against what one believes – and, surely, one believes what one knows – is to be dogmatic, something one should not be. I argue that there is no genuine paradox here. One's attitude to evidence is governed not by what one knows but by what one thinks one knows. Thinking that one knows something does not entail that it is true. Knowing this, one knows that there may be non-misleading evidence against what one thinks one knows and should be open to examining what purports to be evidence against it.
“A Priest does not consider the toppling of the Shah as an option” The KGB and the revolution in Iran
Authors: Asinovskiy Dmitry
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the activities of the KGB residency in Iran during the 1978–79 revolution and early years of the Islamic Republic. While some foreign experts were quick to point to the KGB as behind the revolution, it soon became clear that Soviet leadership and intelligence were no less surprised with the events than their counterparts in the West. However, this does not mean that Moscow did not see the revolution as an opportunity. The KGB served as one of the principal tools of Soviet attempts to influence the domestic situation in Iran and, although it achieved little in pursuing its goals, KGB activities in Iran reveal the extent to which binary Cold War thinking limited Soviet leadership in dealing with the challenge of the Iranian revolution.
Relationship between fatty acid intake and chronic neck/shoulder/upper limb pain without elevated CRP in a Japanese population: a cross-sectional analysis of the Shika study
Authors: Asai Atsushi , Suzuki Fumihiko , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Hara Akinori , Miyagi Sakae , Kannon Takayuki , Suzuki Keita , Nakamura Masaharu , Shimizu Yukari , Nguyen Thao Thi Thu , Pham Kim Oanh , Kasahara Tomoko , Nakai Shingo , Hayashi Koichiro , Shibata Aki , Amatsu Takashi , Konoshita Tadashi , Kambayashi Yasuhiro , Tsuboi Hirohito , Tajima Atsushi , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: June 2022

Although chronic pain (CP) is classified as inflammatory or non-inflammatory, the involvement of fatty acid intake in this process has not yet been examined in detail. Therefore, the present study investigated whether the relationship between CP and fatty acid intake differs between high and low C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in middle-aged and elderly individuals in the Shika study. One-thousand and seven males and 1216 females with mean ages of 68⋅78 and 69⋅65 years, respectively, participated in the present study. CRP was quantified by blood sampling from participants who responded to a CP questionnaire. The brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) was used to assess fatty acid intake. Interactions were observed between CP and CRP on monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and eicosadienoic acid in a two-way analysis of covariance adjusted for sex, age, lack of exercise, lack of sleep, current smoking and drinking status, and BMI. MUFA (OR 1⋅359) and eicosadienoic acid (OR 1⋅072) were identified as significant independent variables for CP in a multiple logistic regression analysis, but only in the low CRP group. Only a high intake of MUFA and eicosadienoic acid was associated with chronic neck/shoulder/upper limb pain without elevated CRP. In psychogenic and neuropathic pain without elevated CRP, an increased intake of MUFA and eicosadienoic acid, a family member of n-6 fatty acids, appears to affect CP. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate this relationship.
Tiwanaku Sealings and Signet Rings: Authority Transmission in the Ancient Andes
Authors: Goldstein Paul S. , Davis Katharine M. , Baitzel Sarah , Sitek Matthew
Published: June 2022

Sealings recovered from the Omo M10 temple, a provincial center of the Andean Tiwanaku state (AD 500–1100), and from the Muru Ut Pata neighborhood of the Tiwanaku capital, as well as a signet ring from the Akapana East complex of Tiwanaku's highland capital, shed light on the hitherto undocumented use of seals and sealings in Central Andean complex society. The identification of Tiwanaku sealings related to the signet ring seal has implications for understanding the transmission of identity, authority, and authenticity over time and distance in early Andean states.
Plants in Transit Communities: Circulating Tubers and Maize in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia
Authors: Reilly Sophie , Roddick Andrew P.
Published: June 2022

Archaeologists working in the Late Formative Lake Titicaca Basin have identified several “transit communities”—villages that benefited from long-distance exchange. Some scholars suggest that such places played a key role in the development of the Middle Horizon city of Tiwanaku. In this article, we explore the movement of plant goods into transit communities during both the Late Formative (300 BC–AD 500) and Middle Horizon (AD 600–1100) periods. After presenting the current understanding of transit communities, we summarize previous work on both local plants, including tubers and quinoa, and the presence of maize. We then report on a recent microbotanical study of ceramics recovered from excavations at Late Formative Challapata (in the eastern basin) and a burial from the Middle Horizon occupation at Chiripa (in the southern basin). For the first time we identify lowland tubers in the Lake Titicaca Basin, including yuca, sweet potato, and arrowroot. These findings reveal the critical importance of microbotanical analyses for tracing regional connections and foodways in emergent Middle Horizon worlds, as well as the need for more complex interpretive models for things/plants-in-motion.
Measuring Ethnic Inequality: An Assessment of Extant Cross-National Indices
Authors: Leipziger Lasse Egendal
Published: June 2022

This article offers an evaluation of cross-national measures of ethnic socio-economic inequality. It demonstrates that the measures differ in important ways regarding empirical scope, conceptualization, measurement and aggregation. Despite significant advances in the measurement of ethnic inequality, all measures have shortcomings, such as limited and biased coverage, as well as measurement error from the underlying data sources. Moreover, the empirical convergence between conceptually similar measures is strikingly low: some of the measures show no or even negative covariation. Four replication studies also indicate that extant measures of ethnic inequality are generally not interchangeable. Scholars should therefore take the various features highlighted in this evaluation into account before employing any of them. Based on this conclusion, the article offers multiple suggestions for improving existing measures and developing new ones.
Diversity and distribution of ectoparasite taxa associated with Micaelamys namaquensis (Rodentia: Muridae), an opportunistic commensal rodent species in South Africa
Authors: Stevens L. , Stekolnikov A. A. , Ueckermann E. A. , Horak I. G. , Matthee S.
Published: June 2022

South Africa boasts a rich diversity of small mammals of which several are commensal and harbour parasites of zoonotic importance. However, limited information is available on the parasite diversity and distribution associated with rodents in South Africa. This is particularly relevant for Micaelamys namaquensis (Namaqua rock mouse), a regionally widespread and locally abundant species that is often commensal. To address the paucity of data, the aims of the study were to record the ectoparasite diversity associated with M. namaquensis and develop distribution maps of lice and mites associated with M. namaquensis and other rodents in South Africa. Micaelamys namaquensis individuals (n = 216) were obtained from 12 localities representing multiple biomes during 2017–2018. A total of 5591 ectoparasites representing 5 taxonomic groups – fleas, lice, mesostigmatid mites, chiggers and ticks was recorded. These consisted of at least 57 taxa of which ticks were the most speciose (20 taxa). Novel contributions include new host and locality data for several ectoparasite taxa and undescribed chigger species. Known vector species were recorded which included fleas (Ctenocephalides felis, Dinopsyllus ellobius and Xenopsylla brasiliensis) and ticks (Haemaphysalis elliptica, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus simus). Locality records indicate within-taxon geographic differences between the 2 louse species and the 2 most abundant mite species. It is clear that M. namaquensis hosts a rich diversity of ectoparasite taxa and, as such, is an important rodent species to monitor in habitats where it occurs in close proximity to humans and domestic animals.
A fast and accurate transfer alignment method without relying on the empirical model of angular deformation
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Xinlong , Ding Xiaokun , Wei Qing , Shen Liangliang
Published: June 2022

This paper, in allusion to the limitations of traditional transfer alignment methods based on the external measurement equipment or the empirical model of angular deformation, proposes a rapid and accurate transfer alignment method without relying on the empirical angular deformation model. Firstly, the relationship between the actual angular deformation and the angular velocities measured by the gyroscopes in the master and slave inertial navigation systems (INSs) is derived to roughly estimate the angular deformation. Secondly, according to the error characteristics of gyroscopes, the error model of angular deformation is established. Thirdly, expanding the angular deformation error instead of the installation error angle, flexure angle and flexure angle rate into the state vector, a low-order transfer alignment filtering model independent of the empirical angular deformation model is established. The proposed method not only gets rid of the dependence on an empirical angular deformation model, but also realises the rapid and accurate initial alignment of the slave INS without adding any external measurement equipment. The simulations and experiments evidence the validity of the proposed transfer alignment method.
Powder X-ray structural analysis and bandgap measurements for (CaxSr2−x)MnWO6 (x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 1.75)
Authors: Wong-Ng Winnie , Yang Yuqi , Lan YuCheng , Liu Guangyao , Kafle Amrit , Liu Weifang , Hou Jie , Windover Donald , Huang Qing , Krylyuk Sergiy , Kaduk James A.
Published: June 2022

The structure, powder diffraction patterns and bandgap measurements of a series of manganese- and tungsten-containing alkaline-earth double perovskites (CaxSr2−x)MnWO6 (x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 1.75) have been investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of this series of compounds measured at room temperature have been submitted to be included in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). These compounds crystallize in monoclinic space group P21/n (No.14). From (Ca1.75 Sr0.25)MnWO6 to (Ca0.25Sr1.75)MnWO6, lattice parameters a range from 5.6729(2) Å to 5.6774(4) Å, b from 5.5160(2) Å to 5.6638(4) Å, c from 7.8741(3) Å to 8.0051(4) Å, V from 240.39(2) Å3 to 257.410(12) Å3, and Z = 2. These compounds are pseudo-tetragonal. They all consist of distorted MnO6 and WO6 octahedra with rotational mismatch angles and tilt angles with respect to each other. For (CaxSr2−x)MnWO6, as x increases, the mismatch angles for MnO6 octahedra increase from 7.96 (6)° to 13.12(8)° and from 9.28(7)° to 14.87(9)° for WO6 octahedra. Correspondingly, the tilt angles range from 11.60(15)° to 14.20(3)° for MnO6, and from 13.34(2)° to 16.35(3)° for WO6. Bandgap measurements suggest that these compounds to be direct-allowed semiconductors with bandgaps ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 eV, indicating that members of (CaxSr2−x)MnWO6 are potential photocatalysts and photovoltaic materials that absorb visible light of the solar spectrum.
A myth of modernity: the market hall reforms in China, 1900s–1940s
Authors: Wang Gang
Published: June 2022

As a result of the new approach to municipal food supply adopted in European cities, the market hall first appeared in China in the foreign concessions in Shanghai in the late nineteenth century. While some municipal governments across China had stimulated an increase in the number of market halls constructed from the beginning of the early twentieth century, the introduction of market halls did not achieve the effects that the authorities expected. Although market hall reforms in Suzhou, Hangzhou and Chengdu were different in detail, they were similar inasmuch as market halls did not become a regular feature of the daily life of the three cities. However, municipal governments continued to promote the market hall reforms despite their limited achievements and resistance from the public. The main purpose of Chinese municipal governments to promote market halls was not to solve practical problems, but to establish the market hall as a symbol of modernity. While the concessions in Shanghai managed by the westerners had already initiated a form of modernity, other Chinese cities responded by exhibiting a particular appreciation of the myth of modernity, and Chinese cities underwent as swift a process of modernization as the foreign concessions.
EDS Microanalysis of Unhydrated Blast Furnace Slag Grains in Field Concrete with Different Service Life
Authors: Zhang Yu , Saravanakumar Karthikeyan , Çopuroğlu Oğuzhan
Published: June 2022

Because the essential quality metrics of blast furnace slag are based on its oxide composition, the determination of chemical compositions of unhydrated slag grains in an aged concrete could be useful for understanding its past performance and in predicting the remaining service life of existing slag-bearing concrete. In this research, the authors explored the feasibility of using standard-based energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis, in tandem with electron imaging, as a tool for quantitative measurement of the chemical composition of blast furnace slag grains in cement/concrete. In the experimental study, seven concrete samples representing various service life durations were collected in the Netherlands. The microanalysis results of the samples revealed that the change in slag chemistry is insignificant for samples B (1985) to F (2006); however, elevated CaO and SiO2 contents are found in slag used for sample G (2015), opposite to that of Al2O3 and MgO. After discussing compositional characterization, the paper discusses favorable microanalysis protocols for acceptable elemental quantification accuracy. It was concluded that quantitative EDS microanalysis is a strong tool to characterize the chemical composition of unhydrated slag used in field concrete, which could potentially contribute to understanding the correlations between composition and long-term performance in slag concrete structures.
ON THE TEMPERED FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS OF HYPERBOLIC CURVES OF GENUS OVER
Authors: Tsujimura Shota
Published: June 2022

Letpbe a prime number. In the present paper, we prove that the moduli of hyperbolic curves of genus$0$over an algebraic closure of the field ofp-adic numbers may be completely determined by their tempered fundamental groups.
International criminalization and the historical emergence of international crimes
Authors: Randhawa Suwita Hani
Published: June 2022

This article examines international criminalization, the process by which particular acts come to be established as international crimes in world politics. While international legal scholars suggest international criminalization constitutes a legal process that centres on international legal codification, this article argues, by drawing upon the insights of constructivist International Relations scholarship, that it is better conceived as a social process. More specifically, the process of international criminalization involves the development of an international social consensus on international criminality, which takes hold in international society following diplomatic negotiations between social actors. Furthermore, international criminalization embraces a two-stage process that requires, firstly, the emergence of an international criminal norm and secondly, the translation of that norm into an international legal proscription. Using these conceptual insights, the article analyses, through a close analysis of international archival documents, the historical emergence of genocide, in order to demonstrate how its proposed conceptualization of international criminalization can better explain how and why this act was specifically established as an international crime. In doing so, the article offers an alternative account of genocide's criminalization which, unlike the existing literature, goes some way towards uncovering the processes of social construction that informed its establishment as an international crime.
Helping on Social Media
Authors: van Steen Tommy , Müller Barbara C. N. , Li Shuang , Loman Jeroen G. B. , Buijzen Moniek
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Direct persuasion (i.e., providing people with arguments in favor of a certain behavior) can activate resistance in the receiver and, thus, result in a hampered influence attempt. More promising techniques to influence people’s behavior are self-persuasion (SP; i.e., asking people to generate arguments themselves) and the question–behavior effect (QBE; i.e., asking people to predict their future behavior), which can be easily implemented in social media settings. As both rely differently on message elaboration and focus on different outcomes, we investigated whether SP or QBE is more effective in a social media setting to increase helping behavior. In a between-subjects design, participants viewed an online Facebook group related to United World Schools and either (a) read arguments regarding helping others (direct persuasion), (b) provided arguments regarding helping others (SP), or (c) stated whether they intended to help others (QBE), while their message elaboration was assessed. We hypothesized that both SP and QBE would positively impact attitudes and levels of helping behavior compared to the direct persuasion condition. Additionally, we hypothesized that QBE and SP are equally effective in changing behavior, but that SP is more effective than QBE in changing attitudes toward helping, especially when participants strongly elaborate on their own arguments regarding the positive aspects of helping. Results showed no evidence of SP and QBE influencing attitudes toward helping and helping behavior. For behavioral intentions, some, albeit limited, evidence was found that SP and QBE can have an effect.
Land Management Explains the Contrasting Greening Pattern Across China‐Russia Border Based on Paired Land Use Experiment Approach
Authors: Chen Tiexi , Dolman Han , Sun Zhanli , Zeng Ning , Gao Haiyang , Miao Lijuan , Wei Xueqiong , Li Chaofan , Han Qifei , Shi Tingting , Wang Guojie , Zhou Shengjie , Liang Chuanzhuang , Chen Xin
Published: June 2022

The greening of the Earth over the last decades is predominantly indicated by the enhancements of leaf area index (LAI). Quantifying the relative contribution of multiple determinants, especially changes in climate and in land management changes (LMC), remains an arduous challenge. To solve this problem, we develop a simple yet novel data‐driven method, called the Paired Land Use Experiment (PLUE), for mesoscale analysis. Using PLUE, we analyze vegetation development of the Sanjiang Plain, a transboundary plain between China and Russia, with roughly homogeneous climate but with distinct land management practices across the border‐intensified agricultural development on China side (CNSP) versus largely little‐disturbed natural vegetation on Russia side (RUSP). Both CNSP and RUSP LAI show significant trends (p < 0.05), with the annual variability reaching values of 9.8 × 10−3 yr−1 and 11.3 × 10−3 yr−1, respectively. However, in CNSP, the LAI increase is concentrated in the middle of the year, especially in five 8‐day periods from 26 June to 28 July. During this period, the LAI trend of CNSP is much higher than that of RUSP, at 92.7 × 10−3 yr−1 (p < 0.01) and 43.8 × 10−3 yr−1 (p < 0.01), respectively. Meanwhile, LAI decreased in CNSP at the begging and end of the growing season. The results show that different LMC practices lead to notably different seasonal variability in vegetation changes. The PLUE method offers a new potential tool in driver identification of vegetation greenness change based on observations. We argue for the necessity of parameterizing these different LMC in Earth system models.
Mesocrystalline Architecture in Hyaline Foraminifer Shells Indicates a Non‐Classical Crystallisation Pathway
Authors: Arns A. I. , Evans D. , Schiebel R. , Fink L. , Mezger M. , Alig E. , Linckens J. , Jochum K. P. , Schmidt M. U. , Jantschke A. , Haug G. H.
Published: June 2022

Calcareous foraminifer shells (tests) represent one of the most important archives for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction. To develop a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between environmental parameters and proxy signals, knowledge of the fundamental processes operating during foraminiferal biomineralization is essential. Here, we apply microscopic and diffraction‐based methods to address the crystallographic and hierarchical structure of the test wall of different hyaline foraminifer species. Our results show that the tests are constructed from micrometer‐scale oriented mesocrystals built of nanometer‐scale entities. Based on these observations, we propose a mechanistic extension to the biomineralization model for hyaline foraminifers, centered on the formation and assembly of units of metastable carbonate phases to the final mesocrystal via a non‐classical particle attachment process, possibly facilitated by organic matter. This implies the presence of metastable precursors such as vaterite or amorphous calcium carbonate, along with phase transitions to calcite, which is relevant for the mechanistic understanding of proxy incorporation in the hyaline foraminifers.
Difficult and complicated oral ulceration: an expert consensus guideline for diagnosis
Authors: Zeng Xin , Jin Xin , Zhong Liang , Zhou Gang , Zhong Ming , Wang Wenmei , Fan Yuan , Liu Qing , Qi Xiangmin , Guan Xiaobing , Yan Zhimin , Shen Xuemin , Wu Yingfang , Fan Lijie , Wang Zhi , He Yuan , Dan Hongxia , Yang Jiantang , Wang Hui , Liu Dongjuan , Feng Hui , Jiao Kai , Chen Qianming
Published: June 2022

The complexity of oral ulcerations poses considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to oral specialists. The expert consensus was conducted to summarize the diagnostic work-up for difficult and complicated oral ulcers, based on factors such as detailed clinical medical history inquiry, histopathological examination, and ulceration-related systemic diseases screening. Not only it can provide a standardized procedure of oral ulceration, but also it can improve the diagnostic efficiency, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
Enhancing spatiotemporal focusing of light deep inside scattering media with Time-Gated Reflection Matrix
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Li Huanhao , Zhong Tianting , Lai Puxiang
Published: June 2022

Time-gated reflection matrix (RM) has been successfully used for optical imaging deep inside scattering media. Recently, this method was extended to enhance the spatiotemporal focusing of light ultra-deep inside scattering media. This is achieved by calibrating the decomposition of the RM with the Tikhonov regularization parameter to convert multiply scattered photons that share the same time of flight with the singly scattered photons into singly scattered photons. Such a capability suggests a reshaping to the interaction mechanism between light and scattering media, which may benefit or inspire wide optical applications that desire enhanced spatiotemporal focusing of light at depths inside scattering media.
Childhood maltreatment mediates the effect of the genetic background on psychosis risk in young adults
Authors: Marchi Mattia , Elkrief Laurent , Alkema Anne , van Gastel Willemijn , Schubart Chris D. , van Eijk Kristel R. , Luykx Jurjen J. , Branje Susan , Mastrotheodoros Stefanos , Galeazzi Gian M. , van Os Jim , Cecil Charlotte A. , Conrod Patricia J. , Boks Marco P.
Published: June 2022

Childhood maltreatment (CM) and genetic vulnerability are both risk factors for psychosis, but the relations between them are not fully understood. Guided by the recent identification of genetic risk to CM, this study investigates the hypothesis that genetic risk to schizophrenia also increases the risk of CM and thus impacts psychosis risk. The relationship between schizophrenia polygenetic risk, CM, and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) was investigated in participants from the Utrecht Cannabis Cohort (N = 1262) and replicated in the independent IMAGEN cohort (N = 1740). Schizophrenia polygenic risk score (SZ-PRS) were calculated from the most recent GWAS. The relationship between CM, PRS, and PLE was first investigated using multivariate linear regression. Next, mediation of CM in the pathway linking SZ-PRS and PLE was examined by structural equation modeling, while adjusting for a set of potential mediators including cannabis use, smoking, and neuroticism. In agreement with previous studies, PLE were strongly associated with SZ-PRS (B = 0.190,p = 0.009) and CM (B = 0.575,p < 0.001). Novel was that CM was also significantly associated with SZ-PRS (B = 0.171,p = 0.001), and substantially mediated the effects of SZ-PRS on PLE (proportion mediated = 29.9%,p = 0.001). In the replication cohort, the analyses yielded similar results, confirming equally strong mediation by CM (proportion mediated = 34.7%,p = 0.009). Our results suggest that CM acts as a mediator in the causal pathway linking SZ-PRS and psychosis risk. These findings open new perspectives on the relations between genetic and environmental risks and warrant further studies into potential interventions to reduce psychosis risk in vulnerable people.
Exploring pharmacological options for adolescent depression: a preclinical evaluation with a sex perspective
Authors: Ledesma-Corvi Sandra , Hernández-Hernández Elena , García-Fuster M. Julia
Published: June 2022

There is an urgent need for developing novel pharmacological treatment options for adolescent depression, and to ensure an optimal translational outcome to the clinic, sex should be included as a biological variable in preclinical studies. In this context, the present study compared the antidepressant-like potential of ketamine and cannabidiol, with the clinical standard fluoxetine, in adolescent rats exposed to maternal deprivation (as a model of early-life stress), while including a sex perspective. Moreover, changes in drug efficacy over time were evaluated by re-exposing rats to the same dose regimens during adulthood. Antidepressant-like responses were scored through a battery of distinctive tests (forced-swim, novelty-suppressed feeding, and sucrose preference) across time. The main results proved an antidepressant-like potential for ketamine and cannabidiol in adolescent rats, although their efficacy was dependent on sex and prior stress exposure, as well as on treatment length and the behavioral feature analyzed. In general, while all tested antidepressants in male rats improved certain affective-like features, female rats were mainly unresponsive to the treatments performed (except for certain benefits induced by ketamine), demonstrating the need for further characterizing proper treatments for this particular sex. Moreover, when rats were re-exposed in adulthood to the same drug regimens as in adolescence, a drop in efficacy was observed. These findings may have translational ramifications in that ketamine or cannabidiol could be moved forward as antidepressants for the adolescent depressed population, but not before further characterizing their potential long-term safety and/or beneficial vs. harmful effects for both sexes.
Measurable residual disease analysis in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients with ABL-class fusions
Authors: Venn Nicola C. , Huang Libby , Hovorková Lenka , Muskovic Walter , Wong Marie , Law Tamara , Heatley Susan L. , Khaw Seong Lin , Revesz Tom , Dalla Pozza Luciano , Shaw Peter J. , Fraser Chris , Moore Andrew S. , Cross Siobhan , Bendak Katerina , Norris Murray D. , Henderson Michelle J. , White Deborah L. , Cowley Mark J. , Trahair Toby N. , Zuna Jan , Sutton Rosemary
Published: June 2022

Background

ABL-class fusions including NUP214-ABL1 and EBF1-PDGFRB occur in high risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with gene expression patterns similar to BCR-ABL-positive ALL. Our aim was to evaluate new DNA-based measurable residual disease (MRD) tests detecting these fusions and IKZF1-deletions in comparison with conventional immunoglobulin/T-cell receptor (Ig/TCR) markers.

Methods

Precise genomic breakpoints were defined from targeted or whole genome next generation sequencing for ABL-fusions and BCR-ABL1. Quantitative PCR assays were designed and used to re-measure MRD in remission bone marrow samples previously tested using Ig/TCR markers. All MRD testing complied with EuroMRD guidelines.

Results

ABL-class patients had 46% 5year event-free survival and 79% 5year overall survival. All had sensitive fusion tests giving high concordance between Ig/TCR and ABL-class fusion results (21 patients, n = 257 samples, r2 = 0.9786, P < 0.0001) and Ig/TCR and IKZF1-deletion results (9 patients, n = 143 samples, r2 = 0.9661, P < 0.0001). In contrast, in BCR-ABL1 patients, Ig/TCR and BCR-ABL1 tests were discordant in 32% (40 patients, n = 346 samples, r2 = 0.4703, P < 0.0001) and IKZF1-deletion results were closer to Ig/TCR (25 patients, n = 176, r2 = 0.8631, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

MRD monitoring based on patient-specific assays detecting gene fusions or recurrent assays for IKZF1-deletions is feasible and provides good alternatives to Ig/TCR tests to monitor MRD in ABL-class ALL.
A calcium-based plasticity model for predicting long-term potentiation and depression in the neocortex
Authors: Chindemi Giuseppe , Abdellah Marwan , Amsalem Oren , Benavides-Piccione Ruth , Delattre Vincent , Doron Michael , Ecker András , Jaquier Aurélien T. , King James , Kumbhar Pramod , Monney Caitlin , Perin Rodrigo , Rössert Christian , Tuncel Anil M. , Van Geit Werner , DeFelipe Javier , Graupner Michael , Segev Idan , Markram Henry , Muller Eilif B.
Published: June 2022

Pyramidal cells (PCs) form the backbone of the layered structure of the neocortex, and plasticity of their synapses is thought to underlie learning in the brain. However, such long-term synaptic changes have been experimentally characterized between only a few types of PCs, posing a significant barrier for studying neocortical learning mechanisms. Here we introduce a model of synaptic plasticity based on data-constrained postsynaptic calcium dynamics, and show in a neocortical microcircuit model that a single parameter set is sufficient to unify the available experimental findings on long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of PC connections. In particular, we find that the diverse plasticity outcomes across the different PC types can be explained by cell-type-specific synaptic physiology, cell morphology and innervation patterns, without requiring type-specific plasticity. Generalizing the model to in vivo extracellular calcium concentrations, we predict qualitatively different plasticity dynamics from those observed in vitro. This work provides a first comprehensive null model for LTP/LTD between neocortical PC types in vivo, and an open framework for further developing models of cortical synaptic plasticity.
POWR1 is a domestication gene pleiotropically regulating seed quality and yield in soybean
Authors: Goettel Wolfgang , Zhang Hengyou , Li Ying , Qiao Zhenzhen , Jiang He , Hou Dianyun , Song Qijian , Pantalone Vincent R. , Song Bao-Hua , Yu Deyue , An Yong-qiang Charles
Published: June 2022

Seed protein, oil content and yield are highly correlated agronomically important traits that essentially account for the economic value of soybean. The underlying molecular mechanisms and selection of these correlated seed traits during soybean domestication are, however, less known. Here, we demonstrate that a CCT gene, POWR1, underlies a large-effect protein/oil QTL. A causative TE insertion truncates its CCT domain and substantially increases seed oil content, weight, and yield while decreasing protein content. POWR1 pleiotropically controls these traits likely through regulating seed nutrient transport and lipid metabolism genes. POWR1 is also a domestication gene. We hypothesize that the TE insertion allele is exclusively fixed in cultivated soybean due to selection for larger seeds during domestication, which significantly contributes to shaping soybean with increased yield/seed weight/oil but reduced protein content. This study provides insights into soybean domestication and is significant in improving seed quality and yield in soybean and other crop species.
Wafer-scale solution-processed 2D material analog resistive memory array for memory-based computing
Authors: Tang Baoshan , Veluri Hasita , Li Yida , Yu Zhi Gen , Waqar Moaz , Leong Jin Feng , Sivan Maheswari , Zamburg Evgeny , Zhang Yong-Wei , Wang John , Thean Aaron V-Y.
Published: June 2022

Realization of high-density and reliable resistive random access memories based on two-dimensional semiconductors is crucial toward their development in next-generation information storage and neuromorphic computing. Here, wafer-scale integration of solution-processed two-dimensional MoS2 memristor arrays are reported. The MoS2 memristors achieve excellent endurance, long memory retention, low device variations, and high analog on/off ratio with linear conductance update characteristics. The two-dimensional nanosheets appear to enable a unique way to modulate switching characteristics through the inter-flake sulfur vacancies diffusion, which can be controlled by the flake size distribution. Furthermore, the MNIST handwritten digits recognition shows that the MoS2 memristors can operate with a high accuracy of >98.02%, which demonstrates its feasibility for future analog memory applications. Finally, a monolithic three-dimensional memory cube has been demonstrated by stacking the two-dimensional MoS2 layers, paving the way for the implementation of two memristor into high-density neuromorphic computing system.
Cell-free prototyping enables implementation of optimized reverse β-oxidation pathways in heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria
Authors: Vögeli Bastian , Schulz Luca , Garg Shivani , Tarasava Katia , Clomburg James M. , Lee Seung Hwan , Gonnot Aislinn , Moully Elamar Hakim , Kimmel Blaise R. , Tran Loan , Zeleznik Hunter , Brown Steven D. , Simpson Sean D. , Mrksich Milan , Karim Ashty S. , Gonzalez Ramon , Köpke Michael , Jewett Michael C.
Published: June 2022

Carbon-negative synthesis of biochemical products has the potential to mitigate global CO2 emissions. An attractive route to do this is the reverse β-oxidation (r-BOX) pathway coupled to the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Here, we optimize and implement r-BOX for the synthesis of C4-C6 acids and alcohols. With a high-throughput in vitro prototyping workflow, we screen 762 unique pathway combinations using cell-free extracts tailored for r-BOX to identify enzyme sets for enhanced product selectivity. Implementation of these pathways into Escherichia coli generates designer strains for the selective production of butanoic acid (4.9 ± 0.1 gL−1), as well as hexanoic acid (3.06 ± 0.03 gL−1) and 1-hexanol (1.0 ± 0.1 gL−1) at the best performance reported to date in this bacterium. We also generate Clostridium autoethanogenum strains able to produce 1-hexanol from syngas, achieving a titer of 0.26 gL−1 in a 1.5 L continuous fermentation. Our strategy enables optimization of r-BOX derived products for biomanufacturing and industrial biotechnology.