bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOW TO DEMOTIVATE STAFF: A BRIEF GUIDE
Authors: Line Maurice B.
Published: May 2006

Demotivation of staff, though well developed in most places, is
still capable of improvement. Rigid grading structures and hierarchies
can help. More direct techniques include ignoring staff, forgetting they
belong to the library or who they are, brushing aside suggestions,
claiming credit for their ideas, distancing yourself from disasters,
showing no interest in staff as people, criticizing but never praising
(preferably in front of others), confusing staff, being inconsistent,
patronizing staff, giving them unclear job descriptions and reporting
lines, avoiding consultation, excluding them from any involvement, and
being negative yourself. In spite of a few dangers, these methods
infallibly bring results.
ACADEMIC LIBRARY BOOKSTOCK MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF
STOCKTAKING IN ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, BAUCHI,
NIGERIA
Authors: Nwali L.O.
Published: May 2006

Discusses stocktaking in libraries using the shelf‐list method with
particular reference to Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Library,
Bauchi, Nigeria, 1987 stocktaking exercise. Views stocktaking as an
important aspect of library stock management. Considers types of
stocktaking, advantages and disadvantages of stocktaking. Describes the
library shelf‐list, assumptions, planning and sequence involved in
stocktaking using the shelf‐list method. Suggests that the frequency of
stocktaking should depend on the size of the stock and the human and
material resources available for the exercise.
FOCUS ON ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY NEW LIBRARY
BUILDING
Authors: Antwi I.K.
Published: May 2006

Gives a brief history of the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University,
Bauchi, Nigeria. Points out that this university first had to use a
temporary building for nine years even though the facilities in it were
inadequate. Focuses on the new library building of this university
commissioned on 10 November 1990. Describes the main sections of the new
library including its facilities. Draws attention to inadequacies of the
building. Finally concludes that the new library building is by all
standards a functional one.
STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: CPI LIBRARY AND
POLICY SEMINAR, 30 OCTOBER 1991
Authors: Bakewell Ken
Published: May 2006

A summary of the Capital Planning Information seminar held in
October 1991. Outlines the main themes of the two papers presented and
the topics discussed.
TRAINING FOR AUTOMATED CIRCULATION SYSTEMS: THE NEW ZEALAND
EXPERIENCE
Authors: Thompson Valerie
Published: May 2006

With the aim of discovering the important factors in training staff
to use newly installed automated circulation systems, the appropriate
libraries in New Zealand were sent a questionnaire in 1988. This asked
how libraries had trained their staff, and the outcome of the training
in terms of satisfaction with their decisions, sparseness of mistakes
after implementation and time taken for staff to attain efficiency after
implementation. The most important factors in training were that the
vendor should be heavily involved in organizing and carrying out
training; training should be given before the system went live; staff
should be given detailed training in the whole system; and a number of
different training methods should be used. These factors were especially
important for libraries installing their first automated system, those
installing integrated systems, those with few staff, and those
installing their systems in the earlier years of automation; that is,
those libraries whose staff have the least background in the system
being installed, have the greatest need for excellent training.
ENHANCING LIFE AT THE INTERFACE
Authors: Eric Davies J.
Published: May 2006

Describes how information technology, in addition to bringing many
benefits, can also be perceived as the source of problems in the
workplace, particularly if inadequate attention is paid to the human
factor aspects of its introduction and management. Describes relevant
occupational safety legislation in the UK and emanating from the
European Communities and sources of detailed information and guidance
including government reports, books and standards specifications.
Discusses specific aspects of problems, together with their palliatives
under headings including: vision, noise, anthropometrics, environment,
radiation, repetitive strain injury, and software usability. Includes a
section on applying management forethought and planning to achieve a
generally healthier IT work ambience. Concludes with a reminder that
designing a system around people and not expecting people to adjust to a
system is sound advice, and that establishing safe and healthy working
conditions not only avoids legal problems, but is also sound management.
CHANGE MANAGEMENT FOR SCHOOL LIBRARY SERVICES
Authors: Kinnell Margaret
Published: May 2006

Describes historical development of the School Library Services in
England and Wales prior to discussing responses to the Education Reform
Act 1988. In a more business‐oriented culture and concerned with the
survival of their services, managers are seeking to innovate and to
introduce strategic planning and marketing practices. Discusses a survey
of the particular responses of a number of local authorities.
MARKETING PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES – OPPORTUNITIES FOR
CHANGE
Authors: Kinnell Margaret , MacDougall Jennifer
Published: May 2006

Analyses marketing strategies relevant to public library managers
at a time of change in the reviewing of public library services with
reference to a material questionnaire and case‐study investigation of
public library and leisure services marketing. Targeting and the role of
marketing in library services were of particular concern.
DEVELOPING MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE NOT‐FOR‐PROFIT SECTOR
Authors: Smith Gareth , Saker Jim
Published: May 2006

Examines the role of strategic marketing in public sector services.
Looks at the strategic marketing planning process and identifies the
barriers which hinder the utilization of synoptic marketing planning in
library services. Concludes by putting forward an incremental model of
marketing planning which it proposes is more applicable to this sector.
LEAVITT′S DIAMOND AND THE FLATTER LIBRARY: A CASE STUDY IN
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
Authors: Smith Catherine , Norton Bob , Ellis Debbie
Published: May 2006

Outlines Leavitt′s Diamond, which postulates that it is rare for
any change to occur in isolation. Of four interdependent variables
– tasks, structure, technology, and people – change to only
one or two of the variables will cause problems. Applies Leavitt′s
theory to the changes which have taken place in the Management
Information Centre of the British Institute of Management over the past
ten years, which included relocation, computerization and charging, all
of which impacted on services immediately. Changes to the organization
structure took place only much later. The case study also shows the
impact on staff and services when structure becomes the first of the
variables to be changed and concludes with some comments on the
significance of management style in managing change.
SPECIAL COLLECTION MANAGEMENT: THE PLACE OF PRINTED
EPHEMERA
Authors: Redmond Drew Paul , Dewe Michael D.
Published: May 2006

Special collections, because of their very nature, need special
consideration by library management. Discusses one part of special
collection management which needs particular consideration, namely
printed ephemera. This will perhaps be the greatest problem for local
studies departments of public libraries; special libraries, because of
their identification with their parent body, and its aims and
objectives, do not have quite the same problems. However, all libraries
concerned with acquiring printed ephemera need to consider certain
aspects of the management of this material. Outlines some of these
problems and issues, and briefly suggests possible courses of action
which can be taken, based on current research into developing a
collection policy for printed Welsh ephemera, carried out at the
Department of Information and Library Studies at the University College
of Wales, Aberystwyth in conjunction with the National Library of Wales.
CHARGING FOR PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES
Authors: Cartmill Deborah
Published: May 2006

Discusses the issue of charging for public library services.
Implementing a charge for services is viewed against a background of
increasing demand for services and falling budgets. Puts forward
arguments both for and against charging for services, and discusses the
effect which new technology is having on services, and the debate about
charging. Also discusses alternative methods for the library service to
raise additional income. Concludes that charging for services is not the
only option open to the library to raise money.
MARKETING PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES: THE GAP BETWEEN THEORY AND REALITY IN BRITAIN
Authors: Booth Jennifer
Published: May 2006

Examines the relationship between marketing theory
and actual marketing practice in British public libraries
today. Marketing theory, as applied to libraries, is
looked at first. This idealized view is then compared
with what actually happens in the public library
services of Newcastle upon Tyne and Liverpool, with
special reference to thc Central Library in eaeh case.
The conclusion is that marketing af library services in
the two cities bears little relationship to marketing
theory, and that this situation must change if library
services are to have a long future.
JOIN THE TEAM! RECRUITING FOR INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Jago Alison
Published: May 2006

Managers recruiting information professionals are often
surprised to find a lack of suitable candidates. Even
during a recession, most job seekers are currently in
work, want to change jobs for positive reasons, and are
cautious about moving to another organization. Good
candidatcs know their own worth and are choosy about
job offers. Not every job offer will be accepted. A well
worded advertisement will help to attract suitable
candidates, but a professional recruitment consultancy
may provide a shortlist of good candidates more
quickly, cheaply and efficiently. A well‐written job
description, and professionally conducted interview, will
give a good impression of the organization. No job
descriptlon and a poor interview will deter candidates
from accepting the job. Anyone responsible for
interviewing should be trained in professional
interviewing techniques. A useful summary of action
points for employers is included.
LIBRARIES FOR ALL?
Authors: Connor Clare M.
Published: May 2006

Although libraries are intended for all, many potential
customers are deterred from using services which could
be helpful to them. The library is too often regarded as
a storehouse rather than a centre for the distribution of
information. People need to be made aware of the
variety of services offered by, and the diversity of
information in, libraries. Staff need to be able to relate
to the diversity of customers they serve.
THE PIPS PROJECT AT ASTON: REVIEWING THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PUBUC INFORMATION POINTS IN THE LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES, ASTON UNIVERSITY
Authors: Smith Nick
Published: May 2006

During the academic session 1991/92, a project was
carried out to review the strategic and operational
management of the staffed public information points in
the Library and Information Services at Aston
University. Three main methods were used: an analysis
of enquiries; a staff attitudes survey; and a customer
survey. The main results which emerged were that staff
perceived that there was no‐one with overall
management responsibility for the service that an on‐going
training programme for information point staff
should be introduced; and that most customers were
satisfied with the existing quality of service and
approachability of the staff. Consequently, the Head of
Information Services has assumed strategic and
operational responsibility for the service; a rolling
training programme for staff has been introduced; and
a Quality Circle has been established to formulate a
Customer Care Policy, and to produce recommendations
for continuous improvement of the service.
APPROACHES TO LIBRARY CATALOGUES
Authors: Balaam Amanda
Published: May 2006

Reports on an investigation to compare the various forms of
catalogue available in Liverpool City Libraries and Liverpool
John Moores University Library. The information was
gathered through interviews with 52 lecturers and students at
Liverpoo John Moores University. The interview questions
were concerned with the use of the library catalogues which
were available; the effects of the online public aceess catalogue
(OPAC) on searches; the effects of previous experience of an
OPAC: and catalogue preference. Reveals that nearly all the
library users interviewed had used the OPAC; that many of
them had changed the way in which they searched for
references; and that the majority preferred the OPAC and did
not continue to use the microfichc catalogue.
ATTITUDES TO AN ONLINE PUBLIC ACCESS CATALOGUE IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY
Authors: Burton Peter A. , Hawkins Andrew M.
Published: May 2006

Describes an investigation of attitudes to the LION (Library
Integrated Online Network) online public access catalogue at
LiverpooI Polytechnic Library (now Liverpool John Moores
University) using observation and a questionnaire survey of 55
library users. Suggests that the reaction to the automation of
the library catalogue was positive and it appears to have
improved service to users, but more user education and
guidance would result in a further improvement.
STRUCTURES, EFFICIENCY AND MOTIVATION AMONG LIBRARIANS
Authors: Thapisa A.P.N.
Published: May 2006

Analyses the relationship between motivation, organizational
structures and work design. Advocates the work team
approach rather than bureaucratic management and introduces
the triple‐tier, dual‐concept organizational structure. Describes
the features of an effective payment system. Concludes that,
to motivate employees, it is first necessary to study job
content with a view to enriching it.
Keeping Management′s Door Open: How to Establish an
Open‐door Policy that Works
Authors: Shenhar Aaron
Published: May 2006

Suggests that an open‐door policy is one of the means organizations
use to improve communication with employees, enhance trust and
motivation, and reduce the need for unionization, though it is
problematic and difficult to implement. Points out that a major
difficulty is employees′ perceptions of the barriers that exist between
them and management; additional obstacles involve behavioural as well as
organizational issues. Discusses the pay‐offs associated with open‐door
policies, together with the difficulties and dangers involved. Outlines
the elements which characterize an effective policy and describes
examples of policies that have been demonstrated to work in practice.
Culture′s Consequences: Management in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bjerke Bjorn , Al‐Meer Abdulrahim
Published: May 2006

Analyses the Saudi Arabian culture in terms of Hofstede′s four
dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and
masculinity. Bases the analysis on a survey of Saudi Arabian MBA
students and their co‐workers. Saudi Arabia is a “typical”
Moslem country, except for the fact that it scores very high on
“power distance”. Discusses the Saudi culture′s consequences
in terms of effective management behaviour, intuition, and
organizational structures and questions the applicability of American
management theories in the Saudi context.
International Management Games: Laboratories for
Performance‐based Intercultural Learning
Authors: Bernard Keys J. , Wells Robert , Edge Al
Published: May 2006

Reviews briefly the history of management games and outlines the
main parts of a game. Lists the best known international management
games being utilized in the United States. Provides a complete
description of the Multinational Management Game (MMG) along with case
histories of management development experiences with MMG in Korea, the
Pacific Asian Management Programme, The University of Hawaii, The Japan
American Institute of Management Science, a programme in Hungary, and an
Executive MBA Programme in the United States. Includes excerpts from
student experiences within game play and a short review of research
validating games as learning environments.
Leadership in Australia and Its Organizational Outcomes
Authors: Sarros James C. , Woodman Don S.
Published: May 2006

Current changes in Australian and world economic and social
climates have implications for business leadership, particularly at the
middle and senior management levels. Surveys business executives
attending a well‐known Australian management college during 1991 and
1992 and provides an overview of how leadership responds to and
interprets these changes. Identifies five main leadership attributes,
namely: vision and creativity; setting and achieving objectives;
confident decision making; team building; and charisma. Associates these
attributes with 16 organizational outcomes such as: organization
innovation, direction setting and motivated workforce, among others. The
overall results indicate that further research is needed to examine the
extent to which team building and charisma as leadership attributes
interact with and predict organization outcomes. Also discusses the
practical implications of the findings.
Facilitating a Mentorship Programme
Authors: Barton Cunningham J.
Published: May 2006

Provides a perspective for creating a more formalized mentoring
programme and for developing a culture of mentoring within an
organization. Describes certain principles which are applicable to all
such programmes, derived from interviews with those who have been
mentors and proteges. Identifies two steps in the process of developing
a mentoring programme: defining the organization′s need for mentoring;
and designing and implementing the mentoring programme. Elaborates on
the components of these two steps. Concludes that a healthy mentoring
programme should involve people when they are needed, and use them
appropriately in assisting personnel development.
More Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Snell Robin
Published: May 2006

Identifies four separate and distinct patterns through which
managerial and micropolitical styles may be acquired by means of
modelling. Each of these patterns is illustrated by examples drawn from
research in two British‐based organizations, which invited managers to
describe how they had learned and developed in the workplace. Discusses
the plausibility of each pattern along with its potential advantages and
disadvantages. Concludes by pointing out that the choice and use of
particular patterns of modelling is imbued with an ethical stance, and
that there is a need for greater clarity about what is entailed in
learning through modelling.
Reflections on Management, Education and Vision
Authors: Lloyd Bruce
Published: May 2006

Sir Peter Parker has been a leading British figure in management,
in management education and development for many years. In this
conversation with Bruce Lloyd, Sir Peter reflects on the social,
political, economic and international context of management and
organizational development. His gentle, sometimes understated,
commentary, masks a restless energy and an enthusiasm for change.
Putting Leadership Theory to Work: A Conceptual Framework
for Theory‐based Leadership Development
Authors: Popper Micha , Lipshitz Raanan
Published: May 2006

Offers a conceptual framework which relates leadership development
to theories of leadership. The framework suggests that programmes of
leadership development should include three components: developing
self‐efficacy in the domain of leadership, developing awareness of
different modes of motivating others in correspondence with different
theories of leadership, and developing specific leadership skills (e.g.
giving feedback). Also discusses the “added value” of such
programmes to how leaders develop on their own. Specific principles for
designing programmes for different types of leadership are outlined.
Towards a Neo‐classical Theory of Institutional Failure
Authors: Pitelis Christos
Published: May 2006

Aims to explore the possibility of developing a neoclassical theory
of institutional failure, based on “transaction costs”.
Critically assesses the role of institutions in General Equilibrium
theory and concludes that, with the exception of the market (price
mechanism), this is institution‐free. This is unsatisfactory, given the
importance of the firm and the state, in particular, which have received
wide attention recently in the theory of transaction costs. It is
claimed that General Equilibrium theory can be given microfoundations
based on transaction costs. This provides the possibility of a
neo‐classical theory of institutional failure. It also has important
implications on the nature and scope of economic theory in general and
the plan versus markets debate in particular.
An Error‐correction Approach to Demand for Money in Five African Developing Countries
Authors: Simmons Robert
Published: May 2006

Applies an error‐correction model to demand for money in five African economies: Congo, Côte d′Ivoire, Mauritius, Morocco and Tunisia. Attention is given to a set of opportunity cost variables including expected inflation, domestic interest rate, foreign interest rate and expected exchange‐rate depreciation. The empirical results show that the domestic interest rate plays a significant role in the demand for money functions for three of the five countries and external opportunity cost variables are significant for one of the others. The results show some diversity in money demand behaviour in the countries studied, but the error correction mechanism is always significant and in four out of five cases there is a short‐run inflation impact. The equations are subjected to a battery of tests and found to be statistically well‐behaved.
Causality between Technical and Allocative Efficiencies: An Empirical
Testing
Authors: Kalirajan K.P. , Shand R.T.
Published: May 2006

In production economics, one of the most interesting questions is that of
the causal relationship between technical
efficiency and allocative efficiency. This as yet remains a puzzle without a
unique answer. There are a few theoretical analyses conceptualizing the
relationship, but consensus has not yet been reached, and empirical tests are
rare. Presents the empirical results of applying Granger’s (1969) and
Sims’ (1972) causality tests using time series data on technical and
allocative efficiencies of random samples of Indian farmers. These causality
tests, with respect to technical and allocative
effciences show that there is unidirectional causality from
technical efficiency to allocative efficiency, and that the causative process is
not bidirectional.
The Canadian Market‐determined Bank Rate and the Bilateral
Canada/US Spot Exchange Rate
Authors: Apel Emmanuel
Published: May 2006

Innovations – the unanticipated component – of the
Canadian market‐determined bank rate announcements have an immediate
impact on the bilateral Canadian/US dollar spot exchange rate, with the
sign of the impact depending on market perceptions of the monetary
policy regime in which the central bank is operating. The expected bank rate changes do not have a significant impact on the spot
rate. Moreover, a test of the “news” impact on the
Canadian/US dollar must include the relationship between the latter and
Deutschmark/ US$ spot rate, which is a proxy for the movement of
the US dollar against major offshore currencies.
Population Ageing and Intergenerational Conflict: A
Post‐Keynesian View
Authors: Jackson William A.
Published: May 2006

Population ageing has been seen as creating economic problems,
which are often described as a worsening intergenerational conflict for
resources. A rising demographic dependency ratio is said to increase the
“burden” on the working population, by forcing sacrifices in
their consumption. Such apparently intuitive ideas are based on the
assumption of a binding aggregate resource constraint, as would occur if
resources were fully utilized. From a post‐Keynesian perspective,
however, unemployment and excess capacity are normal to the functioning
of capitalist economies, and resources are not in general fully
utilized. Argues that the Keynesian process of national income
determination precludes any immediate relationship between population
ageing and the “burden” imposed on income recipients. Below
full employment, a rising dependency ratio is not guaranteed to reduce
the expenditure share of income recipients or raise their tax rates. An
exclusive emphasis on intergenerational conflict can give a misleading
impression of the consequences of population ageing.
The World Demand for UK Tobacco
Authors: Ensor Tim
Published: May 2006

The decline in cigarette consumption within developed countries
makes the exploitation of new markets particularly important to tobacco
companies. UK data on exports is used to show that, by splitting the
sample into three groups, income and prices have significant but
different effects on cigarette import demand according to country type.
Additionally the extent to which firms vary prices according to these
internal circumstances in an effort to increase total consumption is
examined. Stresses that, while exports to newly industrializing and oil
exporting countries have risen most dramatically, markets in Less
Developed Countries are also a fertile source of future sales and may
provide a focus for future policy co‐ordination.
Import Competition, Government Subsidies, and Trade with
Developing Countries
Authors: Ahmad Jaleel
Published: May 2006

Highlights the important characteristics of current programmes of
industrial adjustment in import‐competing industries in the OECD
countries, with particular reference to the textiles, clothing, and
footwear (TCF) sectors. Assesses the implications of investment
subsidies to the TCF sectors for trade relations with developing
countries. Concludes that, unlike trade barriers that are, at least in
principle, temporary in nature, investment subsidies have fostered
permanent obstacles to the growth of trade between the developed and the
developing countries.
Higher Education and Progressive Taxation: Equity,
Efficiency and Majority Voting
Authors: Creedy John , Francois Patrick
Published: May 2006

Examines, using a simple model, the choice of appropriate
contributions of taxes and fees used to finance higher education. A
two‐period model is developed in which individuals in cohort invest in
higher education in the first period, and the interdependences between
educational choice and the tax system are considered. The implications
of majority voting and the maximization of a social welfare function,
allowing for a trade‐off between equity and efficiency, are examined in
progressive and proportional tax systems.
A Differential Game Model of Canada′s Pacific Halibut
Fishery
Authors: Chappell David , Dury Karen , Straker Christine
Published: May 2006

Models Canada′s Pacific halibut fishery as a non‐zero‐sun
non‐co‐operative differential game. Optimal harvesting level are derived
under the criterion of profit maximization. Show that optimal aggregate
steady‐state fishing effort and yield increase with the number of
fishermen harvesting the stock. The model provides a better explanation
of what has actual occurred in this fishery than an optimal control
model, which may be considered as a game with one player.
Do Self‐fulfilling Expectations of Currency Devaluation
Improve the Balance of Payments?
Authors: Lai Ching‐chong , Chang Wen‐ya
Published: May 2006

Analyses how the status of balance of payments follows se\ill\
fulfilling expectations of currency devaluation. It is found that before
a currency devaluation, whether the economy w\ill\ experience a
balance‐of‐payments surplus or deficit crucial depends on the degree of
capital mobility.
Employment in Manufacturing: A Long‐run Relationship and
Short‐run Dynamics
Authors: MacDonald R. , Murphy P.D.
Published: May 2006

Examines the behaviour of UK employment in manufacturing over the
period 1964 to 1986. The use of cointegration techniques allows the
separation of a long‐run equilibrium relationship for employment from
its short‐run dynamics. The estimated model demonstrates a high degree
of parameter stability both within and outwith the sample period used
for estimation. Given the noted sensitivity of other employment
equations to system shocks, the model′s performance pre – and
post‐1979 is particularly noteworthy.
Organizational Structure and Firm Performance: An
Intertemporal Perspective
Authors: Ingham Hilary
Published: May 2006

Since the seminal contributions of Chandler and Williamson, a
substantial body of research in industrial organization has examined the
performance benefits of the organizational innovation of
divisionalization. While existing empirical work has, for the most part,
utilized a static framework to analyse the performance effects of
divisionalization, adopts a dynamic approach, thereby allowing the
intertemporal nature of any such performance benefits to be examined.
Presents results from the UK manufacturing industry; the model estimated
uses a spline function to incorporate differing organizational regimes
over time. The results obtained are less supportive of the benefits of
divisionalization than certain of the earlier empirical studies; thus
the evidence presented lends no support to the view that organizational
change provides unambiguous performance benefits for the firm.
Perceptions of Market Efficacy, Transaction Costs, and
Vertical Disintegration in Offshore Oil Gathering
Authors: Paul Hallwood C.
Published: May 2006

Sample‐survey information is used to assess aspects of the
predictive competence of the transaction‐cost paradigm. The extent of
vertical disintegration by oil companies in offshore oil gathering is
shown to be consistent with the revealed efficacy of the markets in
intermediate goods and services. Market efficacy is assessed in relation
to oil company perceptions of and other information relating to these
markets.
Does Long‐run Purchasing‐power Parity Hold within the European Monetary System?
Authors: Bleaney Michael
Published: May 2006

Some recent research has reported results more favourable to long‐run purchasing‐power parity (PPP) for exchange rates within the European Monetary System (EMS) than for those outside it. This is inconsistent with the predictions of theories that regard the EMS as a means of acquiring anti‐inflation credibility for the governments of relatively high‐inflation countries. Results of tests on a wide range of intra‐EMS exchange rates suggest a tendency to under‐adjust for cumulative price differentials, and that the DM‐FF rate is atypical in its adherence to long‐run PPP.
Experience and the Decision to Participate in the Labour
Market: Results from a Conditional Logit Model
Authors: Miller Carole F.
Published: May 2006

Presents results from cross‐section and conditional logit models
estimating the probability of participation by married women. One
version of each specification uses potential experience and the other a
measure of the number of years worked in the market since the age of 18.
A series of cross‐section logit models, representing a threshold
analysis of the decision to work in the market, appears to be
inappropriate, when unmeasured characteristics influence the probability
of participation. Hence, reports results from a conditional logit model
controlling for fixed effects. These results confirm the cross‐section
findings regarding the limitation of potential experience. The results
suggest that potential experience reflects the negative effects of
ageing on the probability of participation rather than the positive
impact of training or tastes for market work.
Post‐Soviet Reform in Latvia: Early Progress and Future
Prospects
Authors: Martinsons Maris G. , Valdemars Krisjanis
Published: May 2006

After the rapid and dramatic demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, 15
newly autonomous republics are restructuring their economies after
decades of central Communist planning. The three Baltic states of
Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia had successful market‐oriented economies
during more than two decades of independence between World Wars I and II
and were comparatively strong performers within the USSR after being
occupied in 1940. A case study of Latvia looks at the historic factors
and political issues which are shaping the current reform process. A
contrast of state‐run, collective and private enterprises is used to
illustrate the rapid changes which now place Latvia at the forefront
among post‐Soviet reformers. This analysis of the early progress and
problems forms a foundation for considering the reform prospects across
the former Soviet Union and leads to a suggestion that the results in
Latvia will play a bell‐wether role.
The Post‐war Japanese Economy and Schumpeter′s Corporatist
Principle
Authors: Patrick Raines J. , Leathers Charles G.
Published: May 2006

Joseph A. Schumpeter advocated a corporatist principle of economic
organization enunciated by Pius XI in the encyclical Quadragesimo
Anno. Schumpeter insisted that a corporatism of associations could
provide social leadership and economic co‐ordination to ensure a stable,
high employment economy, while maintaining individual freedom. To
implement a corporatist system, moral reform would be necessary.
Recently, economists have asserted that post‐war Japan approximates to
Schumpeter′s corporatist model. Suggests that Japan′s post‐war economy
is in conflict with two of the fundamental features of Schumpeter′s
corporatism. First, the problem of resource allocation is often solved
by bureaucratic intervention rather than by co‐ordination by private
producers. Second, Japanese morals and ethics emphasize group efforts
rather than Schumpeter′s requisite individual egoistic ethic. Concludes
that the practicality of Schumpeter′s corporatism is not substantiated
by post‐war Japan.
Early ornamental plasterwork: Part 2
Authors: Schofield Jane
Published: May 2006

Discusses the techniques of repair and conservation of early
lime‐based plasterwork. Considers the problems of cracks in plaster,
detachment of plates of plaster, the breaking up of plaster, and the
stages in the repair of wall panels and overmantles and the re‐hanging
of ceilings. Concludes that since old plaster cannot be reproduced,
careful consideration procedures are necessary, although complete
plasterwork is best left alone.
The environmental control of timber decay
Authors: Hutton T.C. , Lloyd H. , Singh J.
Published: May 2006

Points to the decline of “craftsmanship” as a factor
leading to the demise of the ability to control timber decay in an
environmentally‐friendly fashion. Considers pesticides and other
chemical‐based treatments as a lower‐cost, relatively recent, but often
unsuccessful remedy to timber decay. Outlines major timber‐decay
problems: dry rot, wet rot and woodboring insects, and their detection
techniques. Includes diagrams and detailed discussion on remedial
treatments. Concludes that timber decay cannot be effectively treated
without an understanding of the interaction of the external environment,
building materials, design and content, and the activities within and
occupants of a building, and that manipulation of a single variable
(timber decay organisms) is bound to be unsuccessful without such
understanding.
Fountain refurbishment: practical pointers
Authors: Roberts Eric
Published: May 2006

Suggests refurbishment of the many disused public fountains
(estimated at up to 2000 in the UK) can be achieved at a fraction of the
cost of creating new water displays. Briefly reviews deterioration
points – statuary, perimeter walls, pool walls and floor, pumping
equipment, pipeworks, pump screens, nozzles and valves, filtration, wind
– and water‐controls, winter protection and electrical safety.
Concludes that programmed maintenance, and the establishment of specific
maintenance responsibility, is crucial for public display fountain
operation.
Glass and glazing systems: their role in fire protection
Authors: Howe Stuart
Published: May 2006

Considers the attributes of glass in fire protection. Briefly
reviews the three main types of fire resisting glasses; wired glass,
heat treated fire glass and insulating glass. Suggests that
fire‐resistance is a function of the glazing system used, incorporating
glass, design and framing. Concludes with the benefits of steel‐based
glazing.
Czechoslovakia – Part I
Authors: Catt Richard
Published: May 2006

Describes something of the history and geography of Czechoslovakia
before describing, with photographs, some of the most interesting and
important buildings in the country. Points to some opportunities (as at
1991) for west European property developers.
English/French building terms for surveyors
Authors: Foulds N.J. , Adams P.F.
Published: May 2006

Provides a glossary of some (around 150) English‐French and
French‐English building and surveying terms. References the Technical
help to Exporters service, and three specialist dictionaries dealing
with architectural, real estate and building terms. Illustrates possible
pitfalls of poor translation – ′hydraulic rams′ being translated
in one firm′s technical literature as ′watery sheep.′
Satisfactory housing standards?
Authors: Davies Hilary
Published: May 2006

Reiterates the standard for fitness of human habitation set by the
1989 revision of the 1985 Housing Act, section 604, and the major
changes brought about by the revision, (including hot and cold water
supply to both sink basin and bath or shower, and ventilation
standards). Suggests changes in the standard have caused a rise in the
number of technically ′unfit′ properties from 5.6 per cent to up to 15
per cent of the UK′s housing stock. Concludes by questioning the need
for and use of housing standards, suggesting that the market might more
effectively dictate standards in practice, excepting the poorest sectors
of the community, where standards should be both set and rigourously
enforced.
Dry rot in the refurbished building
Authors: Wilde Ronald
Published: May 2006

Examines the problem of dry rot appearing during a refurbishment
contract. Discusses investigation techniques for dry rot, and the role
and management of specialist treatment firms. Concludes that
professional surveyors are potentially at risk from negligence suits if
their advice does not set out a clear picture of risks faced by their
clients, stating that the acceptance of a risk “on behalf
of” a client, without seeking their opinion, is inappropriate.
Czechoslovakia – Part II
Authors: Catt Richard
Published: May 2006

Continues the discussion begun in part one of the article
(Structural Survey 10.1) with some of the problems faced by
Czechoslovakia following the separation of that country from the old
Soviet Union. Reviews the post‐war construction industry, concluding
with a suggestion of the development opportunities awaiting developers,
particularly in Prague, though counselling caution.
Collapses of historic buildings
Authors: Lowndes Michael
Published: May 2006

Draws on the sudden collapse of two listed buildings in
Westminster, London in 1990, to conclude that old buildings, built on a
cellular basis, are at risk of instability from any change. Lists seven
general precautions developers should take when dealing with historic,
cellular‐constructed buildings.
The role of the expert witness in construction disputes
Authors: Handford Paul , Ellum Patrick
Published: May 2006

Discusses the importance of the expert witness in construction
disputes between a building′s owner and the contractor and engineer.
Examines the technical issues the judge must resolve, the things
involved in being an expert witness, and the qualities an expert witness
should possess. Concludes that the expert witness should have the
ability to advise the client, and should leave the team if the evidence
cannot assist the client.
The inspection of boilers and lifts
Authors: Giles Roger
Published: May 2006

Summarizes the regulations, statutes, health and safety
legislation, council licensing requirements and British standards that
affect the inspection of boilers and lifts. Suggests safety, efficiency,
and monitoring inspections to ensure continued running of lifts and
boilers. Concludes that regular inspections both ensure safety and save
time and money.
Developments in masonry arch assessment
Authors: Broomhead S.F.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the methods of arch assessment used by British Rail to
assess the infrastructure of the bridges they own. Explains the Modified
MEXE Method, and describes the mechanism, elastic and finite element
methods. Concludes that new computer packages will result in better
bridge stock management through greater feedback to assessment
programmes.
The restoration and repair of sash windows
Authors: Webb Paul
Published: May 2006

Considers the repair, replacement and decoration of historic sash
windows at Uppark, a National Trust mansion in Hampshire. Examines the
specific aspects of the project, as well as generic principles and
components of sash windows such as proportions, weights, and
lubrication. Discusses the particular requirements of secondary glazing
when dealing with historic windows.
Lessons from Project Disasters
Authors: Kharbanda Om P. , Stallworthy Ernest A.
Published: May 2006

In the continuing endeavour to work towards ever better management, experience plays a crucial role. We learn from success, but we can learn much more from failure. Further, it is far better and cheaper when we learn from other people′s failures rather than our own. This monograph assesses the requirements of project management in relation to industrial projects, illustrating the factors that can result in failure by means of a series of case studies of completed and abandoned projects worldwide that have failed in one way or another. The key roles played by project planning and project cost control in meeting and overcoming the practical problems in the management of industrial projects are examined in detail. In conclusion the lessons that can be learned are evaluated and presented, so that we may listen and learn –ifonly we will.
Computer‐aided Waste Detection: New Potential for Energy
Saving
Authors: Vesma Vilnis
Published: May 2006

Describes a novel management method for the detection and diagnosis
of avoidable waste of consumable resources. The method is implemented on
a personal computer and, although mainly applied to energy consumption,
has very wide potential application.
Change and the Quality of Management
Authors: Groggins Brian , Millar Ian
Published: May 2006

Change is inevitable but too often ignored, particularly with
respect to management development. Innovative, but not necessarily
revolutionary, programmes were implemented through a collaborative
programme between industry and local business schools. Content directly
related to business strategies, performance and continuous improvement
increases team building and team performance and supports improvement in
quality, employee involvement, financial control and productivity. The
collaborative programme, through a drip‐feed approach – half day,
full day or residential modules at three‐to‐six week intervals, with
clearly defined assignments based on individual and group management
issues were completed between modules. Accreditation was achieved and
allowed participants to move towards a formal Certificate in Management
qualification.
The Computer Revolution in Organizational Management
Authors: Fanaeian‐Nour Afsaneh , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

Reviews the impact of computers on the business world. Suggests
that organizational structure is now dictated by advances in the field
and that information technology is changing the fundamental nature of
industry. Discusses the future goals of the computer industry and the
effects the expected computer revolution will have on organizational
management. Briefly discusses office and factory automation, integrated
computer systems, microcomputers and fifth‐generation computers.
Includes two case studies to illustrate how computers have been used in
a bakery chain and a hospital in Taiwan.
User Evaluation of Expert Systems
Authors: Rees Patricia L.
Published: May 2006

Puts forward a framework for carrying out user evaluations of
expert systems, which is based on user evaluations carried out in a
large British company over a period of three years. The aim of this
framework is to ensure that the aims of the expert system designers and
the users of the system are congruent. This in turn will make it more
likely that the expert system will be a success. The framework covers
aspects such as user type, updating knowledge, training, the value of
the system and the human/computer interface.
Systematic Investment Analysis
Authors: Nkasu Michael M.
Published: May 2006

Explores approaches to the assessment of capital investment
proposals, and proposes a systematic investment analysis model to
classify projects, and to show the relationship between factors
influencing an analysis as well as to indicate the range of information
necessary for a satisfactory assessment. Also discusses criteria for
acceptance of proposals to spend capital on productivity improvement
methodologies presented in the form of decision trees.
Claims for Direct Manipulation Interfaces Investigated
Authors: Jordan Patrick W.
Published: May 2006

Reports an empirical study investigating claims made for computer
systems with direct manipulation interfaces – that they are easier
to learn than systems with command‐driven interfaces, and that users
form more positive attitudes towards them. Sixteen temporary secretaries
were set tasks on a word processor using either a direct manipulation,
or a command‐driven operating system. Comparisons were made between
subjects via objective measures of performance (such as time and
errors), and measures of attitude towards the system being used
(quantified via questionnaires). Concludes that the results support the
claims, but that the advantages of direct manipulation interfaces are
partly subject to the context in which a system is used.
Managing Computer Programmers Effectively
Authors: Partridge John R. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

Discusses particular characteristics of computer programs and how
management can ensure that their needs are met in relation to the
computer hardware and software environment and general rules of good
management, with special emphasis on communication and motivation.
A review of recent literature: XXI
Authors: Barwick Margaret
Published: May 2006

Discusses organisation, automation and performance measurement
aspects of interlibrary loan department management, and developments in
charging for and the preservation of ILL items. Highlights the problems
of ILL in developing countries, and changes and developments in the rest
of the world. Considers electronic document delivery systems, the effect
of technological advances on libraries and the “Burgundy
effect”.
Access versus holdings policy with special reference to the
University of East Anglia
Authors: Baker David
Published: May 2006

Examines the relationship between the traditional hard‐copy based
library and the concept of online full‐text document delivery.
Identifies key strategic issues facing libraries and librarians in the
UK higher education environment. Concludes with a number of basic action
points which academic libraries need to address in conjunction with
users, document supply centres, authors and publishers.
Document supply and distance education library service
Authors: Shillinglaw Noel
Published: May 2006

Examines the document supply issues connected with distance
learning, particularly in the South African context. Considers distance
learning itself, the role of the library, and new approaches to text
delivery: electronic software, print delivery and software, and
electronic storage of text in databases. Concludes that the
document/text delivery system should enable both students and lecturers
to achieve their aims at acceptable cost, without denying access to any
student.