bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospect and Challenges of Volatile Organic Compound Breath Testing in Non-Cancer Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Zheng Weiyang , Pang Ke , Min Yiyang , Wu Dong
Published: August 2024

Breath analysis, despite being an overlooked biomatrix, has a rich history in disease diagnosis. However, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have yet to establish themselves as clinically validated biomarkers for specific diseases. As focusing solely on late-stage or malignant disease biomarkers may have limited relevance in clinical practice, the objective of this review is to explore the potential of VOC breath tests for the diagnosis of non-cancer diseases: (1) Precancerous conditions like gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett’s esophagus (BE), where breath tests can complement endoscopic screening; (2) endoluminal diseases associated with autoinflammation and dysbiosis, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and coeliac disease, which currently rely on biopsy and symptom-based diagnosis; (3) chronic liver diseases like cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which lack non-invasive diagnostic tools for disease progression monitoring and prognostic assessment. A literature search was conducted through EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases, leading to an overview of 24 studies. The characteristics of these studies, including analytical platforms, disorder type and stage, group size, and performance evaluation parameters for diagnostic tests are discussed. Furthermore, how VOCs can be utilized as non-invasive diagnostic tools to complement existing gold standards is explored. By refining study designs, sampling procedures, and comparing VOCs in urine and blood, we can gain a deeper understanding of the metabolic pathways underlying VOCs. This will establish breath analysis as an effective non-invasive method for differential diagnosis and disease monitoring.
Impact of Night Ventilation on Indoor Thermal Environment of Residential Buildings under the Dual Carbon Target: A Case Study of Xi’an
Authors: Xiang Hongyan , Li Jing
Published: August 2024

Effectively reducing the energy consumed by buildings under the dual carbon targets in China was our focus in this study. We used experimental methods to test and analyze the indoor air and average radiation temperatures in a specific apartment building in Xi’an. We compared the impact of night ventilation on the indoor thermal environment using the EnergyPlus software V9.5.0. The results showed that night ventilation is suitable for the typical summer temperatures in Xi’an when the daily temperature range is larger than 6 °C. Night ventilation technology can be used for 76 days from June to August, accounting for approximately 82.6% of this period. The indoor air and average radiation temperatures both decrease with the adoption of night ventilation, with these temperatures decreasing with an increase in the daily temperature range. When the daily temperature range increases from 3 °C to 15 °C, night ventilation can reduce the indoor average and radiation temperatures by a maximum of 1.07 and 0.47 °C, respectively, on typical meteorological days. When the daily temperature range is 15 °C, the maximum energy savings is 4.85 kWh/d, and the cost saving index for air conditioning operation is 0.065 CNY/(m2·d). With a daily temperature range of 3 °C, the air conditioning operating costs are reduced by 63.7%. Our study provides a reference for building energy conservation and the creation of comfortable indoor thermal environments under the dual carbon target: a carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.
Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Sleep and Physical Fitness among Young Female Handball Players
Authors: Guembri Mohamed Alaeddine , Racil Ghazi , Tounsi Mohamed , Aouichaoui Chirine , Russo Luca , Migliaccio Gian Mario , Trabelsi Yassine , Souissi Nizar , Padulo Johnny
Published: August 2024

Objectives: This study examines the potential impact of Ramadan fasting on sleep patterns and physical fitness in under 14 (U14) and under 17 (U17) female handball players. Methods: For this study, sixty-five female handball players’ (U14, n = 33 and U17, n = 32) sleep habits were assessed before (BR) and during the first (R1) and last weeks (R4) of Ramadan using: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Physical ability tests including balance and jumps were conducted throughout these periods.; Results: During Ramadan, both groups noted significant increases in PSQI and ISI scores during R1 (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and R4 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively) compared to before Ramadan (BR). For the U14 group, a significant increase occurred in ESS scores during R1 (p < 0.01) and R4 (p < 0.05), whereas for the U17 group, this increase was limited over the R1 period (p < 0.05). In contrast, for all physical ability parameters, both groups showed no significant difference during R1 and R4; Conclusions: During adolescence, Ramadan fasting may alter sleep patterns in young female athletes but appears to have no effect on their performance in short-duration exercises.
Improving Evidence-Synthesis for School-Based Obesity Prevention Interventions. Comment on Ginell et al. Unreliable Findings Due to Miscalculations and Errors. Comment on “Nally et al. The Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions on Obesity-Related Behaviours in Primary School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Children 2021, 8, 489”
Authors: Shrewsbury Vanessa A. , Taylor Rachael M. , Jakstas Tammie , Verdonschot Angeliek , Collins Clare E.
Published: August 2024

As researchers with substantial experience in the child obesity field [...]
Impact of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Emissions in a Custom-Built High-Pressure Combustor
Authors: Yu Qiming , Khandelwal Bhupendra
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the ongoing demand for increased efficiency and reduced emissions in turbomachinery combustion systems. A custom-built high-pressure combustor was designed and manufactured at the Low Carbon Combustion Centre (LCCC) of the University of Sheffield to investigate the impact of different aromatic hydrocarbons on emission rates. The research involved the comprehensive testing of Jet−A1 fuel and six aromatic species blends under high-pressure conditions of 10 bar. Based on the numerical CFD simulations by ANSYS 19.2, tangential dual air injection and a strategically placed V-shaped baffle plate were utilised to enhance fuel-air mixing and combustion stability. Experimental results demonstrated a negative correlation between combustion temperature and particulate matter (PM) emissions, with higher temperatures yielding lower PM emissions. Unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were also analysed. Ethylbenzene produced the highest UHC and CO emissions, while Indane exhibited the lowest levels of these pollutants, suggesting more complete combustion. O−xylene generated the highest NOx emissions, correlating with its higher combustion temperatures. This research enhances our understanding of gas turbine combustor design and the combustion behaviour of aromatic species, providing valuable insights for developing low-emission, high-efficiency gas turbine combustion technologies.
Bibliometric Analysis of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Methods in Environmental and Energy Engineering Using CiteSpace Software: Identification of Key Research Trends and Patterns of International Cooperation
Authors: Kut Paweł , Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

In the context of sustainable development and global challenges such as climate change and energy security, this paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of scientific journals on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods with an emphasis on their applications in environmental and energy engineering. The study used the CiteSpace software program 6.2.R6 Advanced to analyze citation networks and identify key publications, authors, and research topics. The simulations carried out made it possible to identify the main research centers and patterns of international cooperation, pointing to the key countries and institutions involved in MCDM research. The results of the analysis reveal the research areas of greatest interest and the main directions for future research. These results can support scientists, researchers, and policymakers in making more informed and sustainable decisions, contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Risks and Safety of CO2 Pipeline Transport: A Case Study of the Analysis and Modeling of the Risk of Accidental Release of CO2 into the Atmosphere
Authors: Bielka Paweł , Kuczyński Szymon , Włodek Tomasz , Nagy Stanisław
Published: August 2024

In the field of CO2 capture and sequestration, ensuring the safety of pipeline infrastructure is paramount to successful climate change mitigation efforts. This study investigates the dynamics of CO2 dispersion from pipeline systems, assessing not only the transport process but also the physical properties and associated hazards. Advanced simulation techniques are used to model how different states of CO2 (gas, liquid, and supercritical) and varying pipeline characteristics—such as perforation sizes, flow rates, and orientations—affect the dispersion patterns in the event of a leak. Simulations cover a range of atmospheric conditions, emphasizing the role of atmospheric stability and wind speed in shaping dispersion and defining potential impact zones. An analysis of historical pipeline accidents is included to inform risk management strategies. The results show that the orientation of the pipeline has a significant effect on dispersion, with downward leaks causing the largest impact zones, particularly under supercritical conditions. The results highlight the need for adaptive safety strategies that take into account real-time CO2 transport conditions and localized environmental data. By integrating these factors, the study recommends refining safety protocols and emergency response strategies to improve pipeline resilience and public safety against potential leaks. Key findings include the quantification of the relationship between leak parameters and dispersion areas, providing a valuable framework for future safety improvements.
Hydrogen Storage Properties of Metal-Modified Graphene Materials
Authors: Sotsky Leela , Castillo Angeline , Ramos Hugo , Mitchko Eric , Heuvel-Horwitz Joshua , Bick Brian , Mahajan Devinder , Wong Stanislaus S.
Published: August 2024

The absence of adequate methods for hydrogen storage has prevented the implementation of hydrogen as a major source of energy. Graphene-based materials have been considered for use as solid hydrogen storage, because of graphene’s high specific surface area. However, these materials alone do not meet the hydrogen storage standard of 6.5 wt.% set by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). They can, however, be easily modified through either decoration or doping to alter their chemical properties and increase their hydrogen storage capacity. This review is a compilation of various published reports on this topic and summarizes results from theoretical and experimental studies that explore the hydrogen storage properties of metal-modified graphene materials. The efficacy of alkali, alkaline earth metal, and transition metal decoration is examined. In addition, metal doping to further increase storage capacity is considered. Methods for hydrogen storage capacity measurements are later explained and the properties of an effective hydrogen storage material are summarized.
Optimal Configuration Method of Primary and Secondary Integrated Intelligent Switches in the Active Distribution Network Considering Comprehensive Fault Observability
Authors: Li Yuan , Su Shi , Hu Faping , He Xuehao , Li Botong , Zhang Jing , Chen Fahui
Published: August 2024

As the demand for power supply stability and reliability in the active distribution network (ADN) increases, the primary and secondary integrated intelligent switch (PSIIS) has become the primary choice for smart grid transformation in many weak infrastructure areas. However, the number of PSIISs that can be configured is often limited. It is necessary to comprehensively utilize the measurement data and sectional capabilities of PSIISs through the optimal configuration method to find the optimal configuration scheme. Therefore, fault observability-related indexes (FORIs) are proposed based on the functional characteristics of PSIISs. These indexes include fault type observability, fault location observability, fault current distribution characteristics observability, transition resistance observability, and weak infrastructure area observability. An optimization configuration model of PSIISs considering the comprehensive fault observability (CFO) is constructed. The adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is selected as the model-solving method. Subsequently, an optimal configuration method of PSIISs considering CFO is proposed. Finally, an example analysis is conducted in MATLAB to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. This optimal configuration method aims to maximize the use of a limited number of PSIISs by considering CFO, and the AGA proves to be an effective tool in solving the optimal configuration scheme.
Evaluation of Medium-Deep Geothermal Resources Based on Seismic Imaging Technology: A Case Study of the Midu Basin in Yunnan Province
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Xuebin , Xu Chao , Li Chuan , Tan Hui , Yu Ziye , Zhang Yunpeng
Published: August 2024

The effective utilization of medium-high temperature geothermal energy is pivotal in reducing carbon emissions and plays a crucial role in developing clean energy technologies. The MiDu geothermal field, situated in the southeastern region of Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, lies within the Mediterranean–Himalayan high-temperature geothermal belt and is characterized by abundant geothermal resources. However, due to its considerable depth, exploration poses significant risks, resulting in a total utilization rate of less than 0.5% of the total reserves. This study employs natural seismic data to perform a tomographic analysis of the geothermal system in the Midu basin. By examining the P-wave velocity (Vp) and the velocity ratio of P-waves and S-waves (Vp/Vs) at various depths, the findings reveal that the basin comprises two distinct structural layers: the thrust basement of the Mesozoic and Paleozoic eras and the strike–slip extensional sedimentary layer of the Cenozoic era. A low-velocity anomaly in the central basin corresponds to the loose Cenozoic sedimentary layer. In contrast, high-velocity anomalies at the basin edges correlate with boundary faults and the Mesozoic–Paleozoic strata. Below a depth of 4 km, the Red River Fault and MiDu Fault continue to dominate the basin’s structure, whereas the influence of the Malipo Fault diminishes. The MiDu Fault exhibits higher thermal conductivity than the Yinjie Fault. It interfaces with multiple carbonate and basalt formations characterized by well-developed pores and fractures, making it a crucial conduit for water and a control point for geothermal storage. Consequently, the existence of medium-high temperature (>90 °C) geothermal resources for power generation should be concentrated around the Midu fault on the western side of the basin, while the Yinjie fault area is more favorable for advancements in heating and wellness.
Sea Bass Fish Head Broth Treated by Thermo-Ultrasonication: Improving the Nutritional Properties and Emulsion Stability
Authors: Lei Huanqing , Liu Xinling , Zhao Wei , Lin Songyi , Lin Jiawei , Li Jian , Zeng Xinan , Han Zhong
Published: August 2024

This work investigated the underlying mechanism of thermo-ultrasonic treatment to improve the nutritional properties and emulsion stability of sea bass fish head broth. The effects of ultrasonication on the processing of fish broth were compared with boiling water treatment. The nutritional properties of fish broth mainly include protein, fat, total sugar, 5′-nucleotide and free amino acid content. To achieve a similar effect of nutrient extraction, the thermo-ultrasonic treatment required a shorter time (30 min) than boiling water (120 min). The water-soluble protein, fat and total sugar contents were at their maximum at 120 min of the thermo-ultrasonic treatment. In particular, the fat content increased with the time of thermo-ultrasonic treatment from 0.58% to 2.70%. The emulsion structure of the fish soup was characterized by measuring its color and particle size, using optical microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and determining its storage stability. Thermo-ultrasonic treatment reduced the particle size of the fish broth emulsion and the fat globules became smaller and more homogeneous. Ultrasonication not only accelerated the nutritional and flavor content of the fish head broth, but also reduced the particle size and enhanced the stability of the emulsified system of the fish broth. The fish head tissue was more severely disrupted by the cavitation effect of an ultrasound, and nutrients migrated more and faster. This was mainly due to the cavitation and mechanical breaking force of the ultrasound on the fish head tissue and the fat globules of the fish broth. Altogether, these findings suggest that the thermo-ultrasonic treatment technique is useful for processing nutrient-rich, storage-stable and ready-to-eat fish head broth.
Influence of Different Packaging Materials on the Composition of the Headspace of Rennet Cheeses under Different Modified Atmosphere Conditions
Authors: Zulewska Justyna , Lobacz Adriana , Bialobrzewski Ireneusz , Grochowina Adam , Kaminska Anna
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different packaging materials on the composition of the headspace (CO2 and O2) of rennet cheeses packed in unit packaging under different modified atmosphere (MAP) conditions during a storage period of 90 days at 2 °C and 8 °C. The packaging materials comprised different combinations of BOPP—biaxially oriented polypropylene; PET—polyester; PE—polyethylene; PP—polypropylene; EVOH—ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer; PET—polyethylene terephthalate; and PA—polyamide. As the properties of the packaging material (foil) affect the gas conditions inside the packaging, it is important to study whether the modifications, i.e., properties and thickness, of the foils will result in significant differences in the composition of the headspace of packed cheeses. The CO2 content in the headspace of Gouda cheese packages ranged from 35% to 45%, while for Maasdamer and Sielski Klasyczny cheese, it varied between 55% and 65%. Throughout the storage period, the O2 content in the headspace of cheeses packaged in tested foils (1–5) did not exceed 0.5%. The type of foil used did not influence the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the End-of-Life Nursing Competency Scale for Clinical Nurses
Authors: Kim Ji-yeon , Kim Hyun-sun , Kang Mi-jung , Oh Hee-young , Jo Mi-rae
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to develop and establish psychometric properties of the End-of-Life Nursing Competency Scale for Clinical Nurses. The initial items were derived from an in-depth literature review and field interviews. The content validation of these items was assessed over three rounds by experts in end-of-life nursing care. The study included 437 clinical nurses from four hospitals in S, E, and D cities in South Korea. The final exploratory factor analysis resulted in a scale consisting of 21 items with the following five factors that explained 68.44% of the total variance: Physical care—imminent end-of-life, legal and administrative processes, psychological care—patient and family, psychological care—nurses’ self, and ethical nursing. The final model with these five subscales was validated through confirmatory factor analysis. Both item convergent-discriminant validity and known-group validity, which compared two groups based on clinical experience (p < 0.008) and working department (p < 0.008), were satisfactory. The internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach’s α, ranged from 0.62 to 0.89 for the subscales and was 0.91 for the total scale. This scale has been validated as a reliable and effective instrument for clinical nurses to self-assess their end-of-life nursing competencies in a clinical setting.
Spiritual Care for Cancer Patients at the End-of-Life
Authors: Bacoanu Gema , Poroch Vladimir , Aniței Maria-Gabriela , Poroch Mihaela , Froicu Eliza Maria , Hanganu Bianca , Ioan Beatrice-Gabriela
Published: August 2024

Background: Spiritual care for patients at the end of life is an important element in their holistic care. The aim of this study is to assess the opinions of cancer patients with limited prognosis about the importance of faith in fighting illness and the factors contributing to a better adjustment to illness and to their self-reconciliation and spiritual well-being. Material and Methods: This study used a specially designed questionnaire for cancer patients with limited prognosis. The 30 respondents were patients with an estimated prognosis of less than 1 month, cared for in a unit with palliative and home care beds. Results: The patients emphasized the importance of family as a supporter in the fight against disease (90%), followed by faith (66.7%) and a care team (63.3%). The most common concerns expressed were related to the course of their disease, family distress, fear of death, and the Russian–Ukrainian war. Conclusion: Family and faith represent important factors in supporting and caring for a patient at the end-of-life. Patients who felt spiritually at peace and were supported in their faith by family and a priest had a better spiritual state.
Patient Perspectives on Social and Identity Factors Affecting Multiple Myeloma Care: Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Neparidze Natalia , Godara Amandeep , Lin Dee , Le Hoa H. , Fixler Karen , Shea Lisa , Everson Stephanie , Brittle Christine , Brunisholz Kimberly D.
Published: August 2024

Patients living with multiple myeloma (MM) have a substantial disease burden and face multiple barriers to care. Building upon our previous research using mixed methods, this focus group research aimed to identify patients’ priorities regarding specific social and identity-related needs, map these prioritized needs to the disease journey, and describe patient-generated ideas to improve patient support. Participants noted that patients with MM need a range of emotional, social, and financial support throughout the disease journey. They identified initial MM diagnosis and treatment adherence as two critical points in the MM journey where patients need the most support and assistance. The findings of this research suggest that overall, patients with MM need comprehensive support, ideally from a multidisciplinary team consisting of health care providers, patient advocates, social workers, and psychologists to help patients understand their disease and treatment options, make informed treatment decisions, adhere to treatment, and ultimately reduce their disease burden and improve outcomes. This research revealed that patients with MM need varying types and levels of support, with the most common needs including information on disease and treatment, connections to financial resources and support systems, assistance with navigating insurance options, and transportation and logistical support for medical appointments.
The Design of Health Promoting Outdoor Environments for People with Young-Onset Dementia—A Study from a Rehabilitation Garden
Authors: Oher Nina , Tingberg Jonna , Bengtsson Anna
Published: August 2024

Health-promoting outdoor environments designed for people living with dementia (PLwD) has proved to be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for treatment of symptoms and improved well-being. However, for individuals with Young-Onset Dementia (YOD), who have particular symptoms and needs, the content and design of these environments are underexplored. This study aimed to explore the needs of individuals with YOD in a garden setting, to generate design-related knowledge for ‘dementia-friendly’ outdoor environments, while contributing to the field of Evidence-Based Design (EBD). An 8-week long nature-based program was carried out in Alnarp’s rehabilitation garden, a specifically developed garden based on research from e.g., landscape architecture, environmental psychology and medical science. The study used a triangulation of qualitative methods including six participants with YOD and a multidisciplinary team of five staff members. Content analysis was used for all gathered data, including 17 semi-structured interviews with participants with YOD and with staff. Data collection and analysis was performed based on the evidence-based Quality Evaluation Tool (QET). The study led to a target group adapted version of the QET for people with YOD containing 20 developed environmental qualities for designers to pursue in therapeutic gardens, including the additional quality of Calmness. A progression was noted, as a result of perceived positive effects during the intervention, indicating possible change and development of the group’s needs and preferences in the outdoors.
A Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Monkeypox Virus A23 Protein on HEK293T Cells
Authors: Wang Yihao , Li Yihan , Li Mingzhi , Wang Keyi , Xiong Jiaqi , Wang Ting , Wang Yu , Guo Yunli , Kong Lingbao , Li Meifeng
Published: August 2024

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a cross-kingdom pathogen infecting both humans and wildlife, which poses a significant health risk to the public. Although MPXV attracts broad attention, there is a lack of adequate studies to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with viral infections. In this study, a high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach was used to explore the transcriptional and metabolic responses of MPXV A23 protein to HEK293T cells. The protein–protein interactions and signaling pathways were conducted by GO and KEGG analyses. The localization of A23 protein in HEK293T cells was detected by immunofluorescence. A total of 648 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in cells by RNA-Seq, including 314 upregulated genes and 334 downregulated genes. Additionally, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detected 115 cellular proteins that interact with the A23 proteins. Transcriptomic sequencing analysis revealed that transfection of MPXV A23 protein modulated genes primarily associated with cellular apoptosis and DNA damage repair. Proteomic analysis indicated that this protein primarily interacted with host ribosomal proteins and histones. Following the identification of the nuclear localization sequence RKKR within the A23 protein, a truncated mutant A23ΔRKKR was constructed to investigate the subcellular localization of A23 protein. The wild-type A23 protein exhibits a significantly higher nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, exceeding 1.5, in contrast to the mutant A23ΔRKKR, which has a ratio of approximately 1. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the A23 protein was mainly localized in the nucleus. The integration of transcriptomics and proteomics analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between MPXV A23 protein and the host. Our findings highlight the potential role of this enzyme in suppressing host antiviral immune responses and modulating host gene expression.
Role of Different Variants of Leptin Receptor in Human Adrenal Tumor Types
Authors: Klimont Anna , Ruciński Marcin , Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Szyszka Marta , Blatkiewicz Małgorzata , Wierzbicki Tomasz , Karczewski Marek , Janicka-Jedyńska Małgorzata , Ruchała Marek , Komarowska Hanna
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of leptin receptor isoforms in adrenal tumors. In a single-center study, 96 patients (19 with adrenal cortical carcinoma and 77 with benign tumors) underwent an adrenalectomy. A total of 14 unaffected adrenal gland tissues from kidney donors were used as controls. Fasting blood samples were collected for laboratory tests, and mRNA expressions of leptin receptor isoforms were assessed by RT-qPCR. The study analyzed correlations between mRNA expressions and clinical data and measured NCI-H295R cell proliferation via a real-time cell analyzer. All adrenal lesions expressed leptin receptor isoforms. Significantly lower LepR1 expression was observed in carcinoma tissues than in adenomas and controls (p = 0.016). Expressions of LepR3&LepR6 were correlated with overall survival (p = 0.036), while LepR2&LepR4 and LepR5 expressions were inversely related to morning serum cortisol levels (p = 0.041). Leptin reduced NCI-H295R cell proliferation (p < 0.0001). The study highlights the diagnostic and prognostic significance of leptin receptor isoforms in adrenal tumors. Specifically, LepR1 may serve as a diagnostic marker for carcinomas, while LepR3&LepR6 have potential use as prognostic markers.
In Vitro Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Heme Synthesis Pathway and Protoporphyrin IX Production
Authors: León Daniela , Reyes María Elena , Weber Helga , Gutiérrez Álvaro , Tapia Claudio , Silva Ramón , Viscarra Tamara , Buchegger Kurt , Ili Carmen , Brebi Priscilla
Published: August 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) treats nonmelanoma skin cancer. PDT kills cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by interaction among cellular O2, photosensitizer and specific light. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is a photosensitizer produced from methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) by heme group synthesis (HGS) pathway. In PDT-resistant cells, PDT efficacy has been improved by addition of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of EGCG properties over MAL-TFD and PpIX production on A-431 cell line. EGCG’s role over cell proliferation (flow cytometry and wound healing assay) and clonogenic capability (clonogenic assay) was evaluated in A-431 cell line, while the effect of EGCG over MAL-PDT was determined by cell viability assay (MTT), PpIX and ROS detection (flow cytometry), intracellular iron quantification and gene expression of HGS enzymes (RT-qPCR). Low concentrations of EGCG (<50 µM) did not have an antiproliferative effect over A-431 cells; however, EGCG inhibited clonogenic cell capability. Furthermore, EGCG (<50 µM) improved MAL-PDT cytotoxicity, increasing PpIX and ROS levels, exerting a positive influence on PpIX synthesis, decreasing intracellular iron concentration and modifying HGS enzyme gene expression such as PGB (upregulated) and FECH (downregulated). EGCG inhibits clonogenic capability and modulates PpIX synthesis, enhancing PDT efficacy in resistant cells.
Brain Region-Specific Expression Levels of Synuclein Genes in an Acid Sphingomyelinase Knockout Mouse Model: Correlation with Depression-/Anxiety-Like Behavior and Locomotor Activity in the Absence of Genotypic Variation
Authors: Brazdis Razvan-Marius , Zoicas Iulia , Kornhuber Johannes , Mühle Christiane
Published: August 2024

Accumulating evidence suggests an involvement of sphingolipids, vital components of cell membranes and regulators of cellular processes, in the pathophysiology of both Parkinson’s disease and major depressive disorder, indicating a potential common pathway in these neuropsychiatric conditions. Based on this interaction of sphingolipids and synuclein proteins, we explored the gene expression patterns of α-, β-, and γ-synuclein in a knockout mouse model deficient for acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide, and studied associations with behavioral parameters. Normalized Snca, Sncb, and Sncg gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR in twelve brain regions of sex-mixed homozygous (ASM−/−, n = 7) and heterozygous (ASM+/−, n = 7) ASM-deficient mice, along with wild-type controls (ASM+/+, n = 5). The expression of all three synuclein genes was brain region-specific but independent of ASM genotype, with β-synuclein showing overall higher levels and the least variation. Moreover, we discovered correlations of gene expression levels between brain regions and depression- and anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity, such as a positive association between Snca mRNA levels and locomotion. Our results suggest that the analysis of synuclein genes could be valuable in identifying biomarkers and comprehending the common pathological mechanisms underlying various neuropsychiatric disorders.
An AIS Base Station Credibility Monitoring Method Based on Service Radius Detection Patterns in Complex Sea Surface Environments
Authors: Wang Xiaoye , Wang Yalan , Fu Leyun , Hu Qing
Published: August 2024

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) utilizes base stations to manage vessel traffic and disseminate waterway information. These stations broadcast maritime safety data to vessels within their service radius using VHF signals. However, the emergence of “spoofing base stations” poses a significant threat to maritime safety. These impostors mimic legitimate AIS base stations by appropriating their Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) information, interacting with vessels, potentially leading to erroneous decisions, or guiding vessels into hazardous areas. Therefore, ensuring the credibility of AIS base stations is critical for safe vessel navigation. It is essential to distinguish between genuine AIS base stations and “spoofing base stations” to achieve this goal. One criterion for identifying AIS spoofing involves detecting signals beyond the expected service radius of AIS base stations. This paper proposes a method to monitor the credibility of AIS base stations through a service radius detection pattern. Furthermore, the method analyzes the impact of hydrological and meteorological factors on AIS signal propagation in complex sea surface environments. By integrating empirical data, it accurately describes the mathematical relationship and calculates the service radius of AIS base station signals. Analyzing vessel position coordinates, decoding base station position messages, and computing distances between vessels and AIS base stations allows for matching with the AIS base station’s designated service radius and propagation distance. This approach enables precise identification of AIS spoofing base stations, thereby facilitating robust monitoring of AIS base station credibility. The research outcomes provide a foundational framework for developing high-credibility AIS base station services within integrated maritime navigation and information systems.
An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Interfacial Waves on the Evolution of Sliding Zones in a Liquefied Seabed
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Li Xingyu , Zhang Hong , Wang Yueying , Zhang Qiang , Wei Haoqiang , Guo Xingsen
Published: August 2024

The sliding process of liquefied submarine landslides is generally regarded as being induced by the coupling of excess pore pressure accumulation and shear stress under surface wave action. However, the significant role of interfacial waves formed over the seabed surface upon liquefaction has been largely ignored. The characteristics of interfacial waves and their effect on the development of a seabed sliding zone are poorly understood. Wave flume experiments were conducted to observe the occurrence and evolution of the interfacial wave and sliding zone, combined with image analysis to extract interfacial wave parameters. The results show that the shear action of interfacial waves can cause progressive liquefaction sliding of the seabed and the formation of a sliding zone. The specific location and thickness of the sliding zone are always dynamically changing during the liquefaction development process and are consistent with the liquefaction depth. The wave height of liquefaction interfacial waves increases with liquefaction depth, and the maximum ratio of interfacial wave height to surface wave height can reach 0.175, corresponding to a maximum longitudinal width ratio of the sliding zone of 0.25. The continuously developing interfacial waves transfer the energy of surface waves to deeper areas, expanding the limit depth of sliding zone evolution. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of seabed instability and sliding disasters under extreme storm conditions.
Mechanical Properties of Additive-Manufactured Composite-Based Resins for Permanent Indirect Restorations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pot Giny Judith , Van Overschelde Patricia Anna , Keulemans Filip , Kleverlaan Cornelis Johannes , Tribst João Paulo Mendes
Published: August 2024

The introduction of 3D printing technology in dentistry has opened new treatment options. The ongoing development of different materials for these printing purposes has recently enabled the production of definitive indirect restorations via 3D printing. To identify relevant data, a systematic search was conducted in three databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Additionally, a manual search using individual search terms was performed. Only English, peer-reviewed articles that encompassed in vitro or in vivo research on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed composite materials were included, provided they met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After screening 1142 research articles, 14 primary studies were selected. The included studies mainly utilized digital light processing (DLP) technology, less commonly stereolithography (SLA), and once PolyJet printing technology. The material properties of various composite resins, such as VarseoSmile Crown Plus (VSC) and Crowntec (CT), were studied, including Vickers hardness, flexural strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength, tensile strength, fracture resistance, and wear. The studies aimed to compare the behavior of the tested additive composites to each other, conventional composites, and subtractive-manufactured materials. This scoping review examined the mechanical properties of composites used for 3D printing of definitive restorations. The aim was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on this topic and identify any gaps for future research. The findings suggest that 3D-printed composites are not yet the first option for indirect restorations, due to their insufficient mechanical properties. Due to limited evidence, more research is needed in this area. Specifically, there is a need for clinical trials and long-term in vivo research.
Injection 3D Printing of Doubly Curved Ceramic Shells in Non-Synthetic Particle Suspensions
Authors: Tabakova Vesela , Klug Christina , Schmitz Thomas H.
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the application of non-synthetic particle suspensions as a support medium for the additive manufacturing of complex doubly curved ceramic shells with overhangs between 0° and 90° using clay paste. In this method, the build-up material is injected within a constant volume of air-permeable particle suspension. As the used clay paste does not solidify right after injection, the suspension operates like a support medium and enables various print path strategies. Different non-synthetic suspension mixtures, including solid and flexible components such as quartz sand, refractory clay, various types of wood shavings, and cotton flocks, were evaluated for their ability to securely hold the injected material while allowing drying of the water-based clay body and its shrinkage. The balance between grain composition, added water, and the compressibility of the mixture during printing and drying played a pivotal role in the particle suspension design and assessment. Furthermore, the moisture absorption of the particle suspension and the structural integrity of the layer bond of the fired ceramics were also assessed. The examined additive manufacturing process not only enables the production of meso-scale doubly curved ceramic shells with average overhang of 56° but also introduces a new practice for designing specialized surfaces and constructions.
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Protects against Sepsis-Induced Intestinal Damage by Regulating the SCFA/GPRs Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Yajie , Deng Huan , Xiao Lin , Pan Yisheng
Published: August 2024

This study explores whether Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) can preserve the integrity of the intestinal barrier by modulating the metabolism pathway of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in a C57BL/6J mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute enteritis and a model of a Caco-2 monolayer. The study involved establishing a septic shock model in mice through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Clinical scores and intestinal permeability were meticulously documented. Immunofluorescence was utilized to localize the tight junction proteins. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to assess the expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) signaling. Additionally, the supplement of acetate and butyrate with Caco-2 monolayers to elucidate the potential of EcN in augmenting the intestinal barrier primarily via the modulation of SCFAs and qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of tight junction proteins and the activation of the GPRs protein signaling pathway. EcN mitigated the clinical symptoms and reduced intestinal permeability in the colon of LPS-induced mice. It also enhanced the production of SCFAs in the gut and upregulated the expression of SCFA receptor proteins GPR41 and GPR43 in the colon tissue. Our findings reveal that EcN activates the SCFA/GPRs pathway, thereby preserving intestinal barrier function and alleviating inflammation in a mouse sepsis model.
Does Bidens pilosa L. Affect Carbon and Nitrogen Contents, Enzymatic Activities, and Bacterial Communities in Soil Treated with Different Forms of Nitrogen Deposition?
Authors: Liu Yingsheng , Du Yizhuo , Li Yue , Li Chuang , Zhong Shanshan , Xu Zhelun , Wang Congyan , Du Daolin
Published: August 2024

The deposition of nitrogen in soil may be influenced by the presence of different nitrogen components, which may affect the accessibility of soil nitrogen and invasive plant–soil microbe interactions. This, in turn, may alter the success of invasive plants. This study aimed to clarify the influences of the invasive plant Bidens pilosa L. on the physicochemical properties, carbon and nitrogen contents, enzymatic activities, and bacterial communities in soil in comparison to the native plant Pterocypsela laciniata (Houtt.) Shih treated with simulated nitrogen deposition at 5 g nitrogen m−2 yr−1 in four forms (nitrate, ammonium, urea, and mixed nitrogen). Monocultural B. pilosa resulted in a notable increase in soil pH but a substantial decrease in the moisture, electrical conductivity, ammonium content, and the activities of polyphenol oxidase, β-xylosidase, FDA hydrolase, and sucrase in soil in comparison to the control. Co-cultivating B. pilosa and P. laciniata resulted in a notable increase in total soil organic carbon content in comparison to the control. Monocultural B. pilosa resulted in a notable decrease in soil bacterial alpha diversity in comparison to monocultural P. laciniata. Soil FDA hydrolase activity and soil bacterial alpha diversity, especially the indices of Shannon’s diversity, Simpson’s dominance, and Pielou’s evenness, exhibited a notable decline under co-cultivated B. pilosa and P. laciniata treated with nitrate in comparison to those treated with ammonium, urea, and mixed nitrogen.
The Anti-Constipation Effect of Bifidobacterium Longum W11 Is Likely Due to a Key Genetic Factor Governing Arabinan Utilization
Authors: Di Pierro Francesco , Zerbinati Nicola , Cazzaniga Massimiliano , Bertuccioli Alexander , Palazzi Chiara Maria , Cavecchia Ilaria , Matera Mariarosaria , Labrini Edoardo , Sagheddu Valeria , Soldi Sara
Published: August 2024

Recent investigations have highlighted, both experimentally and clinically, that probiotic strains equipped with arabinofuranosidase, in particular abfA and abfB, favor regular intestinal motility, thus counteracting constipation. By analyzing the gene expression and the proliferative response in the presence of arabinan of the probiotic B. longum W11, a strain previously validated as an anti-constipation probiotic, we have speculated that its response mechanism to arabinan can effectively explain its clinical action. Our approach could be used in the future to select probiotics endowed with arabinofuranosidase-related anti-constipation effects.
Different Narratives: The Pingli Missionary Case in Wenshi Ziliao and Private Expression
Authors: Pang Boyi
Published: August 2024

Wenshi Ziliao (Cultural and Historical Materials) are spaces where contemporary Chinese official discourse and local self-expression are coordinated. But these spaces are extremely limited on religious issues. The Pingli missionary case in the Shaanxi Wenshi Ziliao is seen as an anti-imperialist patriotic movement. However, by re-examining this conflict through the analysis of other materials, this article finds that the outbreak of the Pingli case is closely related to local power structures, the conditions of missionaries and Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions (P.I.M.E.), and the socio-cultural atmosphere. These hidden stories, although overlooked by the compilers of Wenshi Ziliao, are re-emphasized by priests of the local church, revealing attempts by Christians to continually adjust their self-expression in response to official discourse under the contemporary Chinese church–state relationship.
Innovations in Biosensor Technologies for Healthcare Diagnostics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Applications, Recent Progress, and Future Research Challenges
Authors: Hemdan Mohamed , Ali Mohamed A. , Doghish Ahmed S. , Mageed Sherif S. Abdel , Elazab Ibrahim M. , Khalil Magdy M. , Mabrouk Mostafa , Das Diganta B. , Amin Alaa S.
Published: August 2024

This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of biosensor technologies and their critical roles in disease biomarker detection and therapeutic drug monitoring. It provides an in-depth analysis of various biosensor types and applications, including enzymatic sensors, immunosensors, and DNA sensors, elucidating their mechanisms and specific healthcare applications. The review highlights recent innovations such as integrating nanotechnology, developing wearable devices, and trends in miniaturisation, showcasing their transformative potential in healthcare. In addition, it addresses significant sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and data security challenges, proposing strategic solutions to overcome these obstacles. It is envisaged that it will inform strategic decision-making, drive technological innovation, and enhance global healthcare outcomes by synthesising multidisciplinary insights.
Correction: Oliveira et al. Effect of Polymer Hydrophobicity in the Performance of Hybrid Gel Gas Sensors for E-Noses. Sensors 2023, 23, 3531
Authors: Oliveira Ana Rita , Costa Henrique M. A. , Ramou Efthymia , Palma Susana I. C. J. , Roque Ana Cecília A.
Published: August 2024

In the published publication [...]