bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing planting schedules and land use through advanced weather monitoring systems
Authors: Kravtsov Kirill , Kukartsev Vladislav
Published: November 2024

This article explores the development of an information system (IS) designed to monitor weather conditions and optimize planting schedules and land use for agricultural activities. Leveraging advanced modeling techniques, the system’s architecture and processes are meticulously mapped out to ensure clarity and efficiency. The system collects weather data from ground-based sensors, satellite imagery, and drones, which is then analyzed to provide actionable insights. Key components include the WeatherDataCollector, WeatherAnalyzer, PlantingScheduleOptimizer, and NotificationManager. Sequence diagrams illustrate the interactions between these components, from data collection to analysis and dissemination of recommendations. The system enhances decision-making for farmers, improving crop yields and optimizing land use while mitigating risks associated with adverse weather conditions. By integrating robust data management and analytical capabilities, the IS provides a scalable and reliable solution for modern agriculture, driving innovation and sustainability in the sector. This work underscores the transformative potential of technology in optimizing agricultural practices and land management.
The health of forest stands growing along tourist trails in the mountain taiga zone of southern Central Siberia
Authors: Tatarintsev Andrey , Khizhniak Natalia , Kulakova Nadezhda , Fedonova Polina
Published: November 2024

The research was conducted in forests situated within the Maly Borus peak tourist trail (Gornoe Forestry of the Shushensky Bor National Park). The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the current condition of forests that are subjected to a considerable degree of recreational use. The research methods employed include forest pathology examination, establishment of recreational digression of stands, quantifying damage to the surface roots, integral assessment of forest health, and correlation analysis of the data. The recreational disturbance of the stands along the trail has reached an advanced stage. The studied mixed stands are exhibiting signs of stress and are not distinct from surrounding stands (growing further from the trail). The tree species exhibiting signs of deterioration were as follows: Siberian spruce, Siberian fir (Kav = 1.5), Silver birch (Kav = 1.6), and Siberian pine (Kav= 2.1). The highest mortality rate is observed in Siberian pine (28%), including trees of dominant status. With regard to the proportion of trees that have recently died, the level of disruption to the forests within the trail is relatively low. No significant correlation has been identified between the health of all forest-forming species and root damage. The prevalence of diseases and damage (mainly in trunks) in all species exceeds 10%, with Siberian pine exhibiting the highest incidence at 78%. The most detrimental diseases (damage) and their combinations are: in Siberian pine (trunk wound + dry side + stem rot) and in Siberian fir (fir broom rust). While the condition of the forests within the tourist trail remains relatively stable, it is imperative to implement a systematic approach to forest pathology control and to prohibit the illicit extraction of Siberian pine nuts.
Smart technologies used in vital ecological data analysis
Authors: Karakhanova Lobarkhan , Akramova Lola , Rustamova Hamida , Khalmuratova Mukhabbat
Published: November 2024

The advent of smart technologies has revolutionized ecological data analysis, offering innovative solutions to monitor, interpret, and manage ecological systems with unprecedented precision and efficiency. This paper explores the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), remote sensing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) in ecological data analysis. AI and ML algorithms facilitate the processing of vast datasets, enabling predictive modeling and pattern recognition that were previously unattainable. Remote sensing technologies provide real-time, high-resolution data on environmental parameters, enhancing our ability to monitor changes and trends in ecosystems. The IoT connects diverse data sources, creating a comprehensive network for continuous data collection and analysis. These technologies collectively enhance our capacity to address ecological challenges, from biodiversity conservation to climate change mitigation. This paper discusses case studies demonstrating the successful application of smart technologies in ecological research and management, highlighting the benefits and potential limitations. The findings underscore the transformative impact of smart technologies on ecological data analysis, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and investment in technological infrastructure to fully harness their potential. This integration of smart technologies marks a significant step forward in our ability to understand and protect the natural world.
Forest reclamation in investment policy for sustainability and resource conservation
Authors: Gayduk Vladimir , Achokh Yuri , Tereshchenko Galina , Moiseyev Pavel , Kuznetsov Denis
Published: November 2024

The article examines the role of the creation and reconstruction of reclamation protective forest plantations in the context of state investment policy aimed at achieving environmental stability and resource conservation. Special attention is paid to the strategy of integrating forest reclamation into national sustainable development programs. The author analyzes international experience, as well as government initiatives, emphasizing the importance of these measures to reduce environmental risks, improve soil fertility and strengthen biodiversity. The main economic and environmental benefits of investing in protective forest plantations are considered, including their impact on improving the microclimate, preventing erosion and sustaining water balance. The article offers recommendations for improving the efficiency of managing such projects and attracting private investors. It is concluded that there is a need for an integrated approach to the implementation of forest reclamation initiatives to ensure long-term environmental and economic well-being.
Implications of seasonal leukocyte blood formula fluctuations in stallions for breeding management
Authors: Nezalenova Anastasia , Shirokova Olga , Frolova Natalia , Romanova Alina , Borodkina Elena , Ustyantseva Anna
Published: November 2024

The influence of seasons of the year on the leukocyte blood formula parameters in stallions was studied. The study involved 14 stallions of different breeds; the average age of animals was 9.8 ± 2.0 years. It was found that the composition of leukocytic formula in stallions can change in different seasons of the year. We observed an increase in the number of segmented neutrophils in the studied stallions in spring and summer compared to the fall-winter period. In spring and summer periods we observed a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood compared to the fall and winter periods. We found an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood in summer and fall. The number of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes in the blood of stallions by 13% and 12%, respectively, depended on the season of the year (p<0.05).
Ecological anthropology of positive eugenics of the peoples of the East
Authors: Mirzakhmedov Abdirashid , Mirzakhmedov Khurshid , Pardaeva Sevara
Published: November 2024

This article explores human ecology as a condition for high- quality demography, regulation of the social foundations of the society of modern Central Asia, which arose the problem of improving the human race. Eugenics from Plato to F. Galton has gone through an evolutionary path of searching for the fulfilment of a social order to improve social life as a living social organism. The development of the ideology of eugenics has a negative and positive character - two opposite parallels associated with Nazi barbarism and the ethno-confessional way of family life. Based on religious and national traditions and values, the author analyses the problems of improving the quality of the population, aimed at developing a harmoniously developed generation on the example of the great ancestors of the Middle Ages. According to the author, in the traditions of the peoples of Central Asia, targeted program approaches have still been preserved to improve the quality of the population by strengthening the family and marriage, which prevents celibacy, incest, sexual lack of culture, and an increase in the number of illegitimate children. In this regard, the author puts forward the Muslim demographic development programs as a condition for the spiritual and moral stability of social life, strengthening the family and marriage as a guarantor of social progress. Modern eugenics research is research conducted to strengthen the family and marriage, to raise a physically and spiritually worthy generation. The problems and prospects of the national demographic development program in the republic should be considered in the context of the ethno- confessional organization of family and marriage life, taking into account the transformation of social trends in medical education, and the obvious problem in preventing the growth of divorces, hereditary diseases, spiritual and moral deviations in the new generation of young people.
Digitalization and legislative support in intellectual property protection for fodder additive production technologies
Authors: Ruzinazarov Shukhrat , Achilova Liliya , Ismailova Rano , Men Viktoriya
Published: November 2024

This study explores the intersection of digitalization and legislative support in intellectual property protection for fodder additive production technologies, highlighting its role in driving agricultural innovation and sustainability. The literature reveals a dynamic interplay between advancements in patent law, smart technologies, and digital tools within the agricultural sector. Patent law emerges as a critical driver, with global complexities in securing patent protection posing challenges for inventors, particularly in the context of fodder additive technologies. These legal frameworks significantly influence innovation trajectories and market accessibility. Smart technologies, discussed within the framework of sustainable agriculture and the 4th Industrial Revolution, demonstrate the potential to enhance productivity while addressing ecological, economic, and social dimensions. However, concerns over market concentration and inequitable technology distribution underscore the need for inclusive legislative measures to ensure fair competition and accessibility for small producers. Case studies from Australia, Japan, and the European Union further contextualize these themes. The fragmented policy landscape in Australia highlights the need for cohesive digital governance frameworks, while Japanese studies emphasize the role of community networks in technology adoption. EU research showcases the transformative potential of digital tools in optimizing resource use, enhancing sustainability, and improving agricultural efficiency. The findings underscore the necessity of robust legislative frameworks to balance proprietary innovation and public accessibility. This study concludes that integrating digital tools with supportive policies can drive innovation, enhance sustainability, and ensure equitable benefits in agricultural technology development, paving the way for resilient and sustainable food systems.
The effect of the protein-vitamin-mineral mixture “innovation−bac” in the water supply system of broiler chickens
Authors: Zazimko Michael , Zabashta Nikolay , Golovko Elena , Sinelshchikova Irina , Izhevskaya Nataliya , Bychenko Natalia , Androsova Anastasia , Arakcheeva Elena
Published: November 2024

A study was conducted to study the effect of a new protein−vitamin−mineral mixture “Innovation−BAC” from the hydrolyzed larva of Hermetia Illucens L. as part of the drinking water of the diet on meat productivity, quality and safety of meat raw materials in the cultivation of broiler chickens of the «COBB 500» cross. The optimal doses of PVMM “Innovation−BAC” for the introduction of broiler poultry into the watering system were confirmed: 5.0 ml/10 l − up to 21 days and 10.0 ml/10 l − from 22 to 37 days of cultivation. The economic significance of the use of Innovation−BAC as part of the drinking water of the «COBB 500» cross broiler diet was realized in production tests, where the cost of poultry meat was reduced by 42.3%, which can free up resources for other production purposes on poultry farms and large complexes supplying environmentally friendly meat raw materials for food.
Determination of antibiotic susceptibility of infectious mastitis of cows and treatment
Authors: Abdurasulov Shavkat , Abdusattorov Abdusalom , Amirov Abdumumin
Published: November 2024

It was found that the overall effectiveness of the drug Mastisan in the treatment of serous, catarrhal, fibrinous, purulent and subclinical mastitis is 80% on average. It was found that the total effectiveness of the Masticide drug in the treatment of serous, catarrhal, fibrinous, purulent and subclinical mastitis is 85%, and milk yield is not completely restored in 14% of cows. Nineteen percent of serous mastitis cows treated with a masticidal drug recover in 10% to 20% of cases with incomplete recovery of milk yield due to pathological changes in the udder teats, while in purulent mastitis 65.60% of cows recover full milk yield, while the remaining 33% of cows recover. full recovery of milk productivity was observed.
Selection and creation of new high yield and promising varieties based on the use of the world gene pool of onion
Authors: Khurramov Ulugbek , Abdiyev Zafarali , Bolikulov Farkhod , Karimov Jamshid , Khudoyorova Khafiza , Omonlikov Alisher , Zokirov Kurbonalijon
Published: November 2024

In the article, using source of the world collection of onion, promising productive lines were selected and valuable economic characteristics were studied. In the process of studying the selected lines and conducting scientific research, the variety named “Gulkhan” was created, and the valuable economic characteristics of the new variety were highlighted.
Cestode Khawia sinensis (hsü, 1935) contamination of the catch fish in the water bodies of Surkhandarya region
Authors: Safarova Feruza , Chutbayeva Farida
Published: November 2024

In this article, the infection of fish found in the southern water basins of Uzbekistan by Khawia Sinensis (Hsü., 1935) belonging to the cistode class, the effect of cistode larvae on the fish organism, the cycle of development of cistode, the course of the disease according to the seasons and pathogenetic characteristics are discussed.
Biometric characteristics of watermelon plants
Authors: Zokirov Kurbonalijon , Ergashova Durdona , Yuldasheva Roila , Komilov Akhmadjon , Kadirova Dilbar , Abdullayev Dadaxon
Published: November 2024

Changing the level of mineral nutrition has a greater effect on increasing the length of the main shoot and the total length of shoots than the sowing patterns used. With all sowing patterns, with an increase in the fertilizer dose to N120P100K50 kg/ha, the length of the main shoot increases. In dense crops, the biomass of fruits increased more intensively. Most of their weight is formed by the time of the first harvest. It should be noted that for all variants, a significant part of the total dry mass is created during the period of fruit formation and, mainly, due to their growth. With a change in the sowing pattern towards thickening plants in a row to 40 cm, the number of plants per ha increases. Consequently, this leads to an increase in the total mass of plants per ha. The results of the conducted surveys showed that, when converted to hectare, the total weight of absolutely dry mass of plants in all periods of growth increased with an increase in the density of watermelon plants per ha.
Digitisation and blockchain adoption in Bulgarian animal farms
Authors: Stoyanov Konstantin
Published: November 2024

The agricultural sector’s digital transformation presents opportunities for enhancing supply chain efficiency through blockchain technology adoption. This study investigates the relationship between current digitisation levels and blockchain adoption readiness in Bulgarian animal farms, while assessing farmers’ perceptions of blockchain benefits. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires from eighty farms across poultry, pig, and beef sectors, using stratified random sampling. A composite digitisation index measured technological adoption levels, while regression analysis evaluated relationships between farm characteristics and blockchain readiness. Results revealed a moderate positive correlation between digitisation level and blockchain adoption readiness. Farmers identified traceability as the most valuable blockchain benefit, followed by transparency, while showing limited interest in cryptocurrency applications. Farm characteristics, including size and type, showed no statistically significant influence on blockchain adoption readiness, contrary to initial expectations. These findings indicate that blockchain adoption in Bulgarian animal farming depends on factors beyond digital maturity and traditional farm characteristics. The results support the development of targeted educational programs and demonstration initiatives to facilitate technological transition in Bulgarian animal farming, particularly focusing on traceability and transparency benefits.
Hypomethylation of the p53 and p16 suppressor genes in cellular aging
Authors: Kadirova D.A. , Mirhamidova P. , Shakhmurova G.A. , Alimova R.A.
Published: November 2024

Protein p53, a product of p53 gene expression, protects the integrity of the genome throughout life and promotes the cell repair in the process of cell aging. In this review, the fundamental significance of the p53 gene was analyzed in the cell aging. The review showed that hypomethylation of the promoter region of the p53 and p16 suppressor genes occurs during aging; the DNA hypomethylation is explained by the possible age-related decrease in the content of CH3-groups donor (S-adenosyl monophosphate) in the cell, and by the activity of DNA methyltransferases.
Heavy metals contamination of irrigated soils around highways
Authors: Kholikulov Sh.T. , Bobobekov I.N. , Nematov Kh.M.
Published: November 2024

The article provides information on the influence of the Tashkent-Termiz M-39 highway of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the amount of copper, zinc and lead in the irrigated meadow soils around the road. The total amount of copper, zinc and lead in the soil has increased due to the emissions of motor vehicles traveling on the highway. Heavy metal pollution has a maximum value at a distance of 20 m from the road. In the Tashkent-Termiz direction, lead in the soil on the left side of the road has a maximum value of 68.2 mg/kg at a distance of 25 m from the road; and the maximum value of copper and zinc was determined at a distance of 20 m from the road and they are 85.3, respectively; equal to 127.4 mg/kg. The total amount of copper, zinc and lead decreases with distance from the above mentioned distances. Heavy metals accumulate mainly in the upper layer rich in organic matter of the studied soils and decrease toward the lower layers according to a certain law.
Using of Tenebrio molitor larvae to study the toxicity of heavy metals
Authors: Zhurlov Oleg
Published: November 2024

Studies of environmental pollution by heavy metals associated with the outpouring of mine waters onto the soil surface and the flushing of heavy metal solutions into reservoirs from the dumps of copper ores are relevant for the mining regions of the Urals. The use of
Tenebrio molitor larvae to study the “chronic” toxicity of water contaminated with heavy metals will contribute to the study of a longer-term temporary effect of exposure to heavy metals. Contamination of wheat bran contaminated with heavy metals and microscopic fungi contributed to a significant increase in larval biomass and a reduction in the metamorphosis periods of Tenebrio molitor beetle. Standardization of methods for biotesting the “chronic” toxicity of high concentrations of heavy metals in water and soil, using of Tenebrio molitor beetle, with a full cycle of transformation, is a promising area of research.
Digital economy for biodiversity: Harnessing technology to preserve ecosystems and genetic diversity
Authors: Khabibullaev Abduboriy
Published: November 2024

This study examines the intersection of digital technology and biodiversity conservation, highlighting the dynamic interplay between technological innovation and ecological preservation. A systematic review of 200+ articles from 2015 to 2023 was conducted using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. The review focused on themes including the role of partnerships, technological advancements, and public engagement in conservation efforts. Research methods encompassed both qualitative and quantitative analyses of chosen studies. The study identified recurring themes, including the merging of genomics and AI for monitoring biodiversity, the impact of digital platforms on societal engagement, and the challenges associated with data governance and fairness. Findings revealed the potentially transformative nature of digital technologies in conservation, especially in improving data collection, species monitoring, and participatory governance. For instance, machine learning was utilized for wildlife monitoring, and digital media platforms were employed to raise public awareness. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited resources, data disparities, and an excessive reliance on technology without consideration of socio-cultural contexts were also recognized. The conclusion emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and inclusive governance models to ensure the effective integration of technology in biodiversity conservation. The study underscores the importance of drawing on diverse data sources, cultivating partnerships, and addressing socio-economic obstacles to fully capitalize on the benefits of digital innovations in conservation strategies. Future research should concentrate on equitable and sustainable digital approaches to biodiversity preservation.
Diagnostic clinique de la dysplasie de la hanche chez le chien
Authors: Cabon Quentin , Carozzo Claude
Published: November 2024

La dysplasie de la hanche chez le jeune ainsi que chez l’adulte peut se traduire par des signes généraux ainsi que par des signes locaux.
Chez le jeune chien, la boiterie se manifeste souvent par une démarche chaloupée et est principalement secondaire à la laxité articulaire.
Chez le chien adulte, la boiterie est caractérisée par des raideurs au relever, une diminution des amplitudes articulaires et de l’appui. Elle est le signe des modifications arthrosiques secondaires à la dysplasie.
Des anomalies d’aplomb sont fréquemment observées chez les animaux dysplasiques, se traduisant principalement par un écartement des membres pelviens chez le jeune animal et une hyperextension du tarse chez l’adulte.
L’examen orthopédique est fondamental dans le diagnostic clinique de la dysplasie de hanche. Les signes évocateurs recherchés sont une douleur lors de l’hyperextension et des rotations interne et externe de la hanche, ainsi qu’une perte d’amplitude de mouvements.
La réalisation de tests spécifiques de la hanche, sous tranquillisation ou sous anesthésie, optimise l’examen orthopédique : il s’agit principalement du test d’Ortolani et du test de Bardens. Un test positif est alors la preuve d’une laxité articulaire.
D’autres tests, comme le test de Barlow, permettent d’évaluer la qualité du recouvrement acétabulaire. Le test d’Ortolani, lorsqu’il est réalisé à l’âge de 4 mois, offre une bonne sensibilité et une bonne spécificité pour le diagnostic de laxité articulaire (donc de la dysplasie) et pour la prédiction de l’évolution arthrosique.
Comment réaliser un diagnostic radiographique de la dysplasie de la hanche chez le chien
Authors: Cabon Quentin , Fau Didier
Published: November 2024

L’examen radiographique de la hanche est complémentaire de l’examen orthopédique. Afin d’obtenir une évaluation précise, les radiographies des hanches doivent être réalisées sous tranquillisation ou sous anesthésie en raison d’un positionnement parfois douloureux. L’examen radiographique standard, réalisé avec les membres pelviens en extension, permet de diagnostiquer précocement des cas sévères.

L’observation d’une ligne de Morgan est également un marqueur précoce. Cette vue permet d’évaluer les modifications arthrosiques de la hanche.

L’évaluation de la laxité articulaire, notamment chez le jeune chien, implique d’effectuer des radiographies en distraction. Plusieurs techniques sont décrites, dont certaines nécessitent un matériel spécifique. Ces radiographies en distraction permettent la mesure d’un indice de distraction.
De nombreuses études s’accordent sur le fait que l’indice de distraction est fortement prédictif de l’évolution arthrosique d’une hanche, et est supérieur au test d’Ortolani, à l’examen radiographique standard ou encore à la mesure de l’angle de Norberg-Olsson.

L’examen radiographique en contrainte peut être réalisé dès l’âge de 16 semaines.

L’évaluation radiographique du rebord acétabulaire dorsal est également importante lorsque une double ou triple ostéotomie du bassin est envisagée chez le jeune animal. Des vues spécifiques ont été aussi décrites.
Analysing the potential of serious games to raise new research questions on social-ecological systems
Authors: Lombard Latune Julie , Berthet Elsa T. , Fouqueray Timothée , Souchère Véronique , Frascaria-Lacoste Nathalie
Published: November 2024

As transdisciplinary approaches are increasingly required to study social-ecological systems (SES) and address the complex relationships between humans and nature, this paper explores the potential of serious games (SG) as tools that can help researchers in formulating new research questions. We draw on a comparative case study of six SG to explore the extent to which these games can facilitate the generation of new research questions on SES. We highlight three key potential properties of these tools: enabling researchers to identify (i) knowledge gaps, (ii) mismatches between theoretical expectations and observations (‘anomalies’), and (iii) overlooked social-ecological interactions, which can change the researchers’ representations of the systems under study. Our comparative study shows that SG have the capacity to generate novel research questions that integrate both people and nature within social-ecological systems.
Arzthaftung – Abgrenzung und Einordnung verschiedener Behandlungsfehler
Authors: Maus Christian
Published: November 2024

Der Behandlungsfehler ist der zentrale Begriff des Arzthaftungsrechts und dabei Grundlage und Grenze der Arzthaftung, nicht aber selber Haftungstatbestand1. Zu den aus dem Behandlungsvertrag resultierenden Pflichten des Arztes gehören u.a. die Aufklärung des Patienten, die fachgerechte Behandlung und die Dokumentation der Behandlung. Einer Pflicht, einen möglich Schaden des Patienten zu ersetzen, unterliegt der Behandler aber nur bei einem Verstoß gegen seine Aufklärungs- oder Behandlungspflichten, während ein Dokumentationsfehler keinen eigenständigen Haftungstatbestand darstellt.2 Behandlungsfehlerhaft handelt der Arzt, wenn die Behandlung nicht den zum Zeitpunkt der Behandlung bestehenden, allgemein anerkannten fachlichen Standards entspricht, § 630a Abs. 2 BGB. Zu der Vielzahl an (möglichen) Behandlungsfehlertypen gehören u.a. der Diagnosefehler und die unterlassene Befunderhebung, ebenso wie die Anwendung von Neulandmethoden einen Behandlungsfehler darstellen kann.
Early Surgical Outcomes in Infective Endocarditis Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Jang-Sun , Sales Virna L. , Moter Annette , Eichinger Walter
Published: November 2024

Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with extremely high surgical mortality. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, hospitals restructured their intensive care units and outpatient services to prioritize COVID-19 care, which may have affected the outcomes of patients requiring urgent procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on surgical outcomes of IE patients in Southern Germany.

Methods This observational, community-based study compared two cohorts of surgical candidates: a pandemic cohort from March 2020 to November 2021 (n = 84) and a pre-pandemic cohort from August 2018 to March 2020 (before the lockdown, n = 94). Preoperative status and postoperative in-hospital complications were analyzed and compared between the groups.

Results The pandemic cohort experienced longer symptom onset to diagnosis intervals (14.5 versus 8 days, p = 0.529). A higher incidence of definite IE was observed after the lockdown according to the modified Duke criteria (82.1% versus 68.1%, p = 0.035). Patients presented with more severe symptoms post-lockdown (NYHA Class III: 50% versus 33%; Class IV: 22.6% versus 11.7%, p = 0.001). Postoperative complications, such as re-thoracotomy due to bleeding and hemofiltration for acute renal failure, were significantly more frequent after the lockdown (p < 0.05). However, in-hospital survival rates did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdown measures were associated with delayed diagnoses and worse perioperative outcomes for surgical IE patients, highlighting the need for improved management strategies during public health crises.
LncRNAs, RNA Therapeutics, and Emerging Technologies in Liver Pathobiology
Authors: Anwar Abid A. , Jalan-Sakrikar Nidhi , Huebert Robert C.
Published: November 2024

The field of ribonucleic acid (RNA) biology has revealed an array of noncoding RNA species, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which play crucial roles in liver disease pathogenesis. This review explores the diverse functions of lncRNAs in liver pathology, including metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, alcohol-related liver disease, and cholangiopathies such as primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. We highlight key lncRNAs that regulate lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and oncogenesis in the liver, demonstrating their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Emerging RNA-based therapies, such as mRNA therapy, RNA interference, and antisense oligonucleotides, offer approaches to modulate lncRNA activity and address liver disease at a molecular level. Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines are simultaneously enabling the identification and functional characterization of novel lncRNAs, driving innovation in personalized medicine. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in liver disease and emphasizes the need for further research into their regulatory mechanisms and clinical applications.
Corneal Stress Distribution Using the Procedure of Goldmann Applanation Tonometry, as Tested on a Human Cornea Model
Authors: Gonzalez-Toscano Javier , Gonzalez Francisco
Published: November 2024

Objective To assess the effect of corneal thinning and changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) on the distribution of corneal stress induced by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).

Methods A 2D model of a human cornea was created using a computer-aided design and finite element analysis software, employing previously reported corneal biomechanical properties. The GAT procedure was simulated, and the magnitude and distribution of stress in the corneal stroma were obtained for several corneal thicknesses, stiffnesses, and IOP.

Results A significant increase in stress was found in the outer and inner layers of the central cornea and in the inner layers of the surrounding central region. The maximal stress value was observed in the central outer layers when the stiffness was doubled, as in our theoretical baseline cornea (125.16 kPa). Minimal stress was observed in the central inner layers for a central corneal thickness of 300 µm (28.17 kPa). The thickness and stiffness of the cornea significantly influenced the magnitude of the stress, whereas the stress distribution in the cornea did not show significant changes. The change in IOP did not induce significant changes in either stress magnitude or stress distribution.

Conclusions The changes and distribution of corneal stress when a GAT procedure is performed support the idea that variations in corneal thickness and stiffness induce changes in corneal biomechanics that may be relevant for IOP readings. These findings are relevant for assessing IOP in corneas that have undergone surgical procedures or have diseases that alter their layers.
Kinesio Taping does not Enhance Jump Performance and Muscle Activity
in Female Athletes
Authors: Makaracı Yücel , Ruiz-Cárdenas Juan D. , Pamuk Ömer , Nas Kazım , Demiray Zeynep , Duysak Hüseyin , Gruet Mathieu
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Kinesio Taping (KT) application on
the single-leg counter-movement jump (CMJ) and surface electromyographic (sEMG)
activity in trained female athletes, in both resting and fatigued states. In
this single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial, twenty-four healthy
trained female athletes were randomly assigned to either the KT (n=12) or the
sham tape group (n=12). KT was applied using an inhibition technique on rectus
femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles of
the dominant leg. A single-leg CMJ test and sEMG activity were recorded at
baseline (no tape), as well as at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours after taping.
To induce acute neuromuscular fatigue, a 30-second repetitive CMJ test was used
to evaluate KT in fatigued states. In the resting states, both groups exhibited
improvements in jump height, power, mean velocity, and sEMG activity (%EMGmax)
over time, with no significant between-group differences. The single-leg CMJ
performance was similarly decreased after the muscle fatigue protocol in both
groups, showing no between-group differences. Our findings suggest that KT
treatment does not appear to influence jumping performance, sEMG activity, or
muscle fatigue in female athletes.
Phonetic variation of initial stop consonants in Malaysian English
Authors: Ng Bee Kee , Chiew Poh Shin
Published: November 2024

In multiracial and multilingual Malaysia, Malaysian English (MalE) is not a homogeneous variety. Thus, the present
study examines the phonetic implementation of voicing contrast in MalE across three major ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese and
Indian, and compares the results with their first languages (L1s) and British English due to the historical ties. Voice onset time
(VOT) and closure duration are measured and analysed in within-group and between-group comparisons. Findings reveal evident L1
influence on the initial stop production of Malaysian bilingual speakers, and simultaneous influence of British English due to
long-term language contact. The influence of Malay as the national language is also observed. While VOT appears to play a role in
discriminating between voiced and voiceless initial stop consonants, closure duration does not reflect equivalent significant
effects. Hence, the phonetic and phonological features of MalE in multilingual Malaysia offer insights into one of the Englishes
spoken beyond the Inner Circle.
Mechanics of elliptical JKR-type adhesive contact
Authors: Giudici Andrea , Vella Dominic , Griffiths Ian
Published: November 2024

The classic Johnson Kendall Roberts theory describes the short-ranged adhesive contact of elastic bodies, but is only valid for axisymmetric contact. A theory for non-axisymmetric contact, which relies on approximating the contact region as an ellipse, was proposed by Johnson and Greenwood (JG). The theory includes the effects of adhesion via Griffith’s criterion applied only at the semi-major and semi-minor axes of the contact ellipse. Although JG’s work is in good agreement with numerical and experimental results for quasi-circular contacts, the agreement worsens as the eccentricity of the contact region increases. In this paper, we show that including the effects of adhesion by instead minimizing the sum of elastic and surface energy yields results that are in excellent agreement with previous numerical simulations over the full range of contact eccentricities.
Edge-aware interactive refinement network for strip steel surface defects detection
Authors: Dong Xianguo , Li Yanan , Fu Liangqing , Liu Jun
Published: November 2024

Detection of surface defects in strip steel is crucial in industrial automation to ensure steel quality. Recently, learning-based detection methods have gained prominence among researchers for their robust capabilities. However, accurately delineating clear area boundaries remains a challenge, particularly in the complex backgrounds of steel surfaces. In this paper, we propose the edge-aware Interactive Refinement Network (EAIRNet) to address this challenge. EAIRNet comprises three core modules: a Multiscale Feature Extractor, a Sal-Edge Interactive Module, and a regional attention guided module (RAGM). Firstly, our network extracts multiscale features using ResNet from the steel surface environment. Subsequently, features from encoder’s stage 3–5 are integrated to derive edge features. The SEIM facilitates interaction between salient and edge features in the decoder stage, thereby enhancing the network’s focus on defect area boundaries and refining detection precision. Additionally, we introduce the RAGM to improve the focus of shallow decoder layers on defect areas. Our EAIRNet’s effectiveness is proven through comprehensive experimental results on the public dataset named SD-Saliency-900, in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.
Fast multi-fidelity Gaussian processes with derivatives for complex system modeling
Authors: Jia Jia-Xing , Lian Feng , Feng Wen-Hui , Liu Xia , Fan Zi-En
Published: November 2024

Accurately obtaining physics model information is essential for comprehending the mechanisms of physical dynamics. However, the inherent complexity of these models, especially in scenarios involving turbulence and irregular terrains, often requires significant computational resources to acquire high-fidelity (HF) data. While deep learning-based approaches have demonstrated considerable potential, they generally necessitate large volumes of training data and often face challenges in efficiently integrating physical information, such as derivatives. Leveraging the concept of multi-fidelity (MF) surrogate model and Gaussian processes (GPs), we introduce a novel approach, fast MF GPs with derivatives, in which the posterior mean of the low-fidelity (LF) model replaces the prior mean of the HF model, with the relationship between the two encapsulated by an unknown function. To speed up convergence during likelihood function optimization, we also initialize the kernel of the HF model using the best hyperparameters from the LF model. This model seamlessly integrates derivative information, facilitating accurate reconstruction of general physical models by synthesizing data from multiple fidelities, including derivatives. To address computational demands, we incorporate kernel approximation techniques based on structured kernel interpolation with derivatives. The effectiveness of our proposed method is validated through three case studies: (1) solving a partial differential equation describing fluid or scalar transport in a 1D domain, (2) reconstructing a high-resolution local turbulence velocity field using the Johns Hopkins forced isotropic turbulence dataset, and (3) predicting the surface of a rugged mountainous area while finding the peak via Bayesian optimization. Comparative analysis against four other algorithms underscores the superiority of our approach across multiple fields and highlights its significant potential for engineering applications.
Field emission from flipped and patterned vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Olsen S C , Vandyke B , Vanfleet R R , Robinson V
Published: November 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess many unique properties that make them ideal for field emission. However, screening due to high density and poor substrate adhesion limits their application. We tested the field emission of various patterned vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays adhered to copper substrates using carbon paste. After many fabrication steps to improve uniformity, we found that the field emission was dominated by individual CNTs that were taller than the bulk VACNT arrays. After testing a sample with silver epoxy as the binder, we found that the failure mechanism was adhesion to the substrate. Using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, we found that the carbon paste migrated into the VACNT bulk volume while the silver epoxy did not. The migration of carbon paste into the volume may explain why the carbon paste had greater adhesion than the silver epoxy.
Optimization studies on output stabilization time and graphene oxide concentration in graphene-based flexible micro-supercapacitor
Authors: G S Sangeetha Gopan , Abraham Nelsa , R S Harikrishnan , S Rani , Xavier T S
Published: November 2024

Miniature energy storage devices are vital for developing flexible and wearable electronics. This paper discusses the fabrication of flexible laser-induced graphene-based micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) using graphene oxide (GO) coated polyimide film as the precursor for laser scribing. The areal capacitance of the MSCs was assessed daily after applying a H2SO4/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel electrolyte. The capacitance displayed a substantial increase in the early days before stabilizing at a consistent value. The stabilization time was evaluated through systematic experimentation conducted over ten consecutive days. The experiments showed that the capacitance stabilized after six days. Various concentrations of GO were used to assemble the MSCs, and their performance was evaluated to determine the optimal concentration. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the supercapacitor fabricated with the optimum concentration of GO exhibited the lowest resistance. The optimized MSC displayed an areal capacitance of 10.07 mF cm−2 at a current density of 13 µA cm−2. The device could maintain a reliable output at different bending states and retain 87.9% of its original capacitance after 5000 charge-discharge cycles, highlighting its suitability for flexible and self-powered systems.
Optical effects in unmagnetized cold plasmas by a chiral axion factor
Authors: Ribeiro Filipe S , Silva Pedro D S , Ferreira Jr Manoel M
Published: November 2024

Unmagnetized cold plasma modes are investigated in the context of the chiral Maxwell-Carroll-Field-Jackiw (MCFJ) electrodynamics, where the axion chiral factor acts retrieving some typical properties of magnetized plasmas. The Maxwell equations are rewritten for a cold, uniform, and collisionless fluid plasma model, allowing us to determine the dispersion relation, new refractive indices, and propagating modes. We find four distinct refractive indices modified by the purely timelike CFJ background that plays the magnetic conductivity chiral parameter role associated with right-circularly polarized (RCP) and left-circularly polarized (LCP) waves. For each refractive index, the propagation and absorption zones are determined and illustrated for some specific parameter values. Modified RCP and LCP helicons are found in the low-frequency regime. The optical behavior is investigated, revealing that the chiral factor induces birefringence, measured in terms of the rotatory power (RP). The dichroism coefficient is carried out for the absorbing zones. The negative refraction zones may enhance the involved RP, yielding RP sign reversion, a feature of rotating plasmas and MCFJ chiral plasmas. Charge density oscillations and Langmuir waves are also discussed, revealing no modified dispersion relation due to the chiral axion factor.
Shallow donor states and interlevel transitions in gapped graphene bilayers
Authors: Djotyan A P , Moulopoulos K , Avetisyan A A
Published: November 2024

A variational calculation for the energies of the ground and first excited states of a shallow donor impurity in bilayer graphene (BLG) with an open energy gap is presented in this study. It is shown that the binding energies of the lowest states and the distance between them can be tuned in the region of few tens of meV by changing the gap and tight binding parameter

γ
1

, which is responsible for the nearest neighboring interlayer coupling. Based on the results obtained, the optical transition of an impurity electron from the ground to the first excited state in BLG is investigated. We find that the oscillator strength of the transition between the lowest energy states

1
S
→
2

P
x

of a shallow donor also depends on the gap and tight binding parameter

γ
1

, but is not sensitive to the value of the cutting parameter of the soft Coulomb potential that is proposed. The transitions between shallow impurity levels in BLG can serve as an alternative tunable source of terahertz radiation. The possibility to tune the energy levels of hydrogenic-like impurities can open new ways for either the creation of coherent superpositions of the energy states or the coherent population transfer between them by applying laser pulses.
Calibration of syndrome measurements in a single experiment
Authors: Wimmer Christian , Szangolies Jochen , Epping Michael
Published: November 2024

Quantum error correction can reduce the effects of noise in quantum systems, e.g. in metrology or most notably in quantum computing. Typically, this requires making measurements that provide information about the errors that have occurred in the system. However, these syndrome measurements themselves introduce noise into the system, for example by using noisy gates. A complete characterization of the measurements is very costly. Here we describe a calibration method to obtain the syndrome statistics taking into account the additional noise sources. All calibration data are extracted from a single experiment in which the syndrome measurement is performed twice in a row. Thus, our method allows an accurate evaluation of syndrome measurements with significantly less effort than existing methods. We give examples of the application of this method to noise estimation and error correction. Finally, we discuss the results of experiments performed on an IBM quantum computer.
Efficient adders for nano computing: an approach using QCA
Authors: Qureshi Vaseem Ahmed , Khan Angshuman , Arya Rajeev
Published: November 2024

This research paper presents a detailed evaluation of Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) digital adder designs utilizing advanced analytical tools, specifically QCADesigner, QCAPro, and QCADesigner-E. The study introduces novel adder designs that significantly enhance cell efficiency, reduce latency, and optimize cost. The study underscores the benefits of using coplanar crossovers to reduce fabrication complexity and avoid additional cell layers, which helps maintain high polarization levels and operational efficiency. The proposed full adder, built using a three-input XOR gate, shows a significant 88% reduction in QCA-specific cost (QSC) and a 0.5 clock cycle reduction in latency compared to the best-optimized existing designs. This improvement is achieved by integrating a single majority gate and MMV gate, removing the need for inverters and consuming 144.2 meV of energy. This design offers a major enhancement over previous designs, which lack such thorough evaluations. Additionally, the proposed ripple carry adder uses 40 fewer cells, achieves a 0.75 clock cycle reduction in latency over the best available design, provides an 81% improvement in QSC, and demonstrates a fully scalable and reliable circuit suitable for nanocomputing applications. Furthermore, the study introduces a single-bit carry look-ahead adder based on half-adder instantiation, with the proposed four-bit carry look-ahead adder achieving a 14% improvement in QCA-specific cost, highlighting its innovative features and practical advantages for advanced QCA circuits.