bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking stock and moving forward: A textual statistics approach to synthesizing four decades of job insecurity research
Authors: Bazzoli Andrea , Probst Tahira M.
Published: July 2022

We collected the abstracts of manuscripts examining job insecurity published between 1984 and 2019 and carried out a textual analysis to investigate the defining clusters, their development over time, and whether there was evidence of siloed knowledge. Results suggested that job insecurity research seems to be fragmented into disciplinary foci (organizational psychology, public health, economics, and sociology). Further analyses on the organizational psychology corpus, revealed 25 topics with distinct temporal trajectories: some were increasing (analytical advances and differentiation between cognitive and affective job insecurity) while other were decreasing (scale development). The remaining abstracts revealed 15 topics with more stable trajectories. Based on these results, we identified five areas for future organizational research on job insecurity: the changing labor market, the need to better understand the experiences of marginalized workers and non-work outcomes of job insecurity, the added-value of qualitative research, and the need to critically evaluate our assumptions as researchers.

Since the paper by Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt, research on job insecurity has burgeoned. Taking an interdisciplinary perspective, we collected the abstracts of all peer-reviewed manuscripts examining job insecurity published between 1984 and 2019 and carried out a textual analysis using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation and the Reinert method to investigate (a) the defining clusters of job insecurity research, (b) the development of such clusters over time, and (c) whether there was any evidence of siloed knowledge. Results suggested that indeed job insecurity research seems to be fragmented into four main disciplinary foci (organizational psychology, public health, economics, and sociology) with relatively little cross-fertilization. We conducted further analyses of the abstracts stemming from organizational research on job insecurity, revealing 25 topics with distinct temporal trajectories (e.g., “hot” topics including the increasing use of advanced analytic techniques and differentiation between cognitive and affective job insecurity) and “cold” topics including the development of job insecurity measures). The remaining abstracts revealed 15 topics with more stable research interests over time (e.g., a continued reliance on appraisal theories). Based on these results, we identified five areas for future organizational research on job insecurity based on: the changing labor market, the need to better understand the experiences of marginalized workers and non-work outcomes of job insecurity, the added-value of qualitative research, and finally the need to critically evaluate our assumptions as researchers.
Clarifying dynamics for organizational research and interventions: A diversity example
Authors: Olenick Jeffrey , Dishop Christopher
Published: July 2022

Interventions backfire for many reasons, one being that the dynamics governing a system are not well-understood. To better explain organizational phenomena, and to intervene in ways that yield desired consequences, an appreciation of the core insights from dynamics may be necessary to include into a researcher's toolkit. Although substantial buzz surrounds the term dynamics in organizational science, conceptual missteps are present in the literature, ultimately limiting its application. We provide a coherent description of what dynamics encompasses by (1) advancing a definition and of dynamics and comparing it to other longitudinal concepts, (2) proposing theoretical principles to help researchers apply dynamics concepts to their own research, and (3) demonstrating how dynamics may refine our ability to explain organizational phenomena and devise practical implications.

Organizational researchers and practitioners are faced with many complex issues and understanding how they unfold over time is difficult. Those difficulties often lead to unexpected results when we try to address those issues. Viewing organizations from a more dynamic lens can shed light on how phenomena evolve over time as governed by the iterative application of mathematical rules. Illumination of dynamics can assist with better targeting interventions and understanding their potential effects. A dynamics lens also emphasizes continuing needs to improve research methods, such as collecting longitudinal data and engaging in computational modeling. To illustrate these points, we discuss how diversity interventions in organizations may be better understood once dynamics are applied. For example, organizations wishing to improve the diversity of their work forces must focus both on why underrepresented groups enter the organization and why they might leave. Focus on only one or the other is unlikely to generate the desired effect. Once identifying the drivers of both entering and leaving and how those factors might reinforce each other, interventions to improve diversity might be better targeted.
Design and protocol of the Buprenorphine plus Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (B-OPAT) study: a randomized clinical trial of integrated outpatient treatment of opioid use disorder and severe, injection-related infections
Authors: Fanucchi Laura C. , Murphy Sean M. , Surratt Hilary , Kapadia Shashi N. , Walsh Sharon L. , Grubbs James A. , Thornton Alice C. , Nuzzo Paul , Lofwall Michelle R.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

A marked increase in hospitalizations for severe, injection-related infections (SIRI) has been associated with the opioid epidemic. Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is typically not offered to persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) and SIRI, though increasing evidence suggests it may be feasible and safe. This study evaluates the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an integrated care model combining Buprenorphine treatment of OUD with OPAT for SIRI (B-OPAT) compared with treatment as usual on key OUD, infectious disease, and health economic outcomes. B-OPAT expands and incorporates key elements of established clinical models, including inpatient initiation of buprenorphine for OUD, inpatient infectious disease consultation for SIRI, office-based treatment of OUD, and OPAT, and includes more frequent clinical outpatient visits than standard OPAT. A qualitative evaluation is included to contextualize effectiveness outcomes and identify barriers and facilitators to intervention adoption and implementation.

Methods:

B-OPAT is a single-site, randomized, parallel-group, superiority trial recruiting 90 adult inpatients hospitalized with OUD and SIRI who require at least 2 weeks of intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. After screening, eligible participants are randomized 1:1 to either discharge once medically stable to an integrated outpatient treatment care model combining Buprenorphine and OPAT (B-OPAT) or to Treatment As Usual (TAU). The primary outcome measure is the proportion of urine samples negative for illicit opioids in the 12 weeks after discharge from the hospital. Key secondary OUD outcomes include self-reported number of days of illicit opioid abstinence and 12-week retention in buprenorphine treatment. The infection outcomes are completion of recommended IV antibiotic therapy, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) complications, and readmission related to primary SIRI.

Conclusions:

The B-OPAT study will help address the important question of whether it is clinically effective and cost-effective to discharge persons with OUD and SIRI to an integrated outpatient care model combining OUD treatment with OPAT relative to TAU (Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04677114).
The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001: A case study in poor legislative drafting
Authors: Gallagher Cathal T
Published: July 2022

The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 (MDRs) create exemptions to the offences of possession, production, supply, and administration of controlled drugs (CDs), which are necessary to allow healthcare professionals to treat patients without rendering themselves liable to prosecution for various offences under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.

As the scope of healthcare in the UK grows to include extended roles for an increasing number of professions, so must the law be amended to allow for these. The MDRs were poorly drafted in their original form, and this has been compounded by twenty years of equally poor amendments, leading to a degree of inaccuracy and ambiguity that is no longer acceptable. These regulations both lack internal consistency, and fail to align with the Human Medicines Regulations, such that neither healthcare professionals, their regulators, nor their representative bodies agree on either the spirit or letter of the law.

There are fewer than 30 active regulations in the MDRs, of which more than half contain ambiguities originating from poor drafting. While these could be clarified by a further series of amendments, the time is right to learn from previous mistakes and start over afresh.
Climate migration, resilience and adaptation in the Anthropocene: Insights from the migrating Frafra to Southern Ghana
Authors: Amo-Agyemang Charles
Published: July 2022

Climate-induced indigenous migration has become a radical adaptation vision in the Anthropocene. The article focuses on the problematic of representation of indigenous traditional knowledge and imagination in the Anthropocene, in Frafra ethnic group especially. The article does so by critically examining how indigenous traditional knowledge politicise anthropogenic climate change and migration conceived as a struggle between regimes of governing. It analyses alternative approaches to adaptation and resilience, from the Western scientific knowledge and modernist ontologies, often relying on the engagement of local communities, actively produced through the possibility of the existence of multiplicity in the sense of contemporaneous plurality, understood as a relational outcome and contingent relation. I argue that indigenous traditional knowledge approaches to resilience and adaptation in the Anthropocene disrupt, contest and subvert modernist discourses of climate-induced migration. It is suggested that contemporary discourses of resilience and adaptation appear to be drawing to a close as it lacks an adequate agential, transformative and also opening up alternative possibilities.
Remote visits for people with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria: The TELE MS randomized controlled trial
Authors: Altmann Patrick , Leutmezer Fritz , Ponleitner Markus , Ivkic Dominik , Krajnc Nik , Rommer Paulus Stefan , Berger Thomas , Bsteh Gabriel
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Continuous monitoring is the hallmark of managing chronic disease. Multiple sclerosis (MS), in particular, requires patients to visit their treating neurologists typically twice a year, at least. In that respect, the COVID-19 pandemic made us rethink our communication strategies. This study determined satisfaction with remote visits for people with MS (pwMS) by comparing non-inferiority to conventional visits.

Methods

TELE MS was a randomized controlled trial that was open to any person with MS. We randomized a volunteer sample of 45 patients. We compared satisfaction with remote visits (via phone or via videochat) with conventional outpatient visits. The primary endpoint was patient satisfaction determined by the Telemedicine Perception Questionnaire (TMPQ, min: 17 and max: 85 points) with the hypothesis of non-inferiority of televisits to conventional visits. Physician satisfaction measured on the PPSM score (Patient and Physician Satisfaction with Monitoring, min: 5 and max: 25 points) was the secondary endpoint.

Results

The trial met both endpoints. Mean (SD) TMPQ scores in the individual groups were 58 (6.7) points for conventional visits, 65 (7.5) points for phone visits, and 62 (5.5) points for video visits. Physician satisfaction over the whole cohort was similarly high. Median (range) PPSM scores were 23 (16–25) for the whole cohort, 19 (16–25) for conventional visits, 25 (17–25) for phone visits, and 25 (16–25) for video visits.

Conclusions

Televisits in multiple sclerosis yield a high level of satisfaction for both patients and treating physicians. This concept for remote patient monitoring adopted during the current pandemic may be communicable to other chronic diseases as well. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04838990
Parent and/or Grandparent Attendance at Residential School and Dimensions of Cultural Identity and Engagement: Associations with Mental Health and Substance Use among First Nations Adults Living off Reserve
Authors: Hahmann Tara , Perri Amanda , Masoud Huda , Bombay Amy
Published: July 2022

Limited studies have assessed how parent and/or grandparent attendance at residential schools is associated with mental health and substance use among First Nations peoples living off reserve, while also considering how cultural dimensions relate to these outcomes. Analyses of the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey revealed that the odds of self-reported diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders, past-year heavy drinking, and frequent marijuana use were significantly higher among First Nations adults living off reserve who had either a parent and/or grandparent who attended residential schools, even when controlling for covariates. In predicting diagnosed mood disorder, positive cultural identity affect and cultural engagement moderated the effect of parent residential school attendance while cultural exploration moderated the effect of two generations of attendance. Cultural exploration was a protective factor for grandparent residential school attendance in relation to past-year frequent marijuana use. Interventions that are trauma-informed and culturally-based should be considered for this population.
Investigating nuclear-armed North Korea's “strategic” challenge and options for the United States and South Korea
Authors: Park Hwee-rhak
Published: July 2022

This study analyzes the challenge of North Korea, which has managed to have a strategic level of nuclear weapons and suggests a few options for the United States and South Korea to address this challenge. For this purpose, it examines the theoretical backgrounds of the extended deterrence and minimal deterrence strategies, as well as the contrasting perceptions of North Korea's nuclear armament. Then, it analyzes the competition between U.S. extended deterrence and North Korea's minimal deterrence strategy and evaluates a few possible options to deal with the current strategic level of the North Korean nuclear threat. Through its analysis, this study ascertained that North Korea developed its nuclear weapons to make the United States leave South Korea and to reunify Korea on its terms. North Korea adopted a minimal deterrence strategy to counter-deter the U.S. extended deterrence and came to have considerable capabilities to implement the strategy, such as ICBMs, SLBMs, and potentially SSBNs. The United States and its allies in Northeast Asia should clearly recognize the opportunity cost of failed denuclearization negotiations and consider more options than strengthening the current U.S. extended deterrence posture. They need to seriously discuss the establishment of another nuclear-sharing system in Northeast Asia and should not exclude the nuclear weapons development option of South Korea.
Comparison of the Marginal and Internal Discrepancy of Metal-Ceramic Restorations Produced by Milling for Soft Metal, Direct Metal Laser Sintering and Casting Methods: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Aydın Nazlı , Ekren Orhun , Kocak Elif Figen , Ucar Yurdanur
Published: July 2022

Aim:

To evaluate the effect of ceramic firing cycles on the internal and marginal discrepancy of restorations fabricated using conventional lost wax casting (LW), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), and milling for soft metal (MS).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 45 restorations were produced by LW, DMLS, and MS methods ( n = 15), according to the digital impression on the metal die representing the prepared first molar. The internal discrepancy (ID) was measured through the silicon weight method and the marginal discrepancy (MD) was measured using a light microscope. ID and MD measurements were repeated following the metal manufacturing, ceramic application, and glazing. Statistical analyses were conducted by means of two-way analysis of variance and Tukey-HSD ( α = 0.05) tests.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were found between the fabrication methods ( P ≤ 0.001) both for MD and ID. The mean MD values of the restorations were 31.4 ± 13.8 µm for MS, 20.8 ± 14.4 µm for LW, and 7.3 ± 6 µm for DMLS. A statistically significant increase was observed in the mean MD values of metal frameworks ( P ≤ 0.001) following ceramic and glaze applications. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the ceramic and the glaze applied stages ( P = .072). The mean ID values were 37 ± 5.7 mg for LW, 28 ± 6.1 mg for DMLS, and 21.6 ± 7.3 mg for MS. Unlike the manufacturing method, ceramic firing cycles had no effects on the ID ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

MS had the highest mean MD, but it had the lowest ID. The ceramic firing had a significantly negative effect only on MD.
Book review: Adam Michael Auerbach, Demanding Development: The Politics of Public Goods Provision in India’s Urban Slums
Authors: Rana Manjesh
Published: July 2022

Adam Michael Auerbach, Demanding Development: The Politics of Public Goods Provision in India’s Urban Slums (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), 304 pp., ₹663.
Book review: Bidyut Chakrabarty and Rajendra Kumar Pandey, Reconceptualizing Indian Democracy: The Changing Electorate
Authors: Kumar Radhika
Published: July 2022

Bidyut Chakrabarty and Rajendra Kumar Pandey, Reconceptualizing Indian Democracy: The Changing Electorate (New Delhi: SAGE, 2020), 258 pp., ₹1,050.
Immigrant Healthcare Experiences and Impacts During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Bajgain Bishnu Bahadur , Jackson Jeanette , Aghajafari Fariba , Bolo Carmelle , Santana Maria-Jose
Published: July 2022

Primary Health Care is a gateway of healthcare services. The COVID-19 pandemic has modified the process of delivering care. We aimed to assess Albertan's healthcare experiences during the pandemic and compared experiences between Albertans that were born in and outside Canada. A cross-sectional online survey (experiences and impacts of COVID-19) was conducted in October 2020, 16 years, and older Albertans. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were performed using STATA. Of 10 175 study participants, 10% were born outside Canada. Demographics were significantly different between the 2 groups ( P < .05). Results revealed that Canadian-born were more likely to report worse mental and physical health status (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17-1.56), and higher stress, anxiety, and depression during the pandemic (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.16-1.60) than those born outside Canada. However, Canadian-born reported a trend toward better virtual care experiences (AOR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94-1.44). Albertans reported negative health impacts due to delay in care during the pandemic and vaccine hesitancy for COVID-19, which was not significantly difference among the cohorts ( P > .05). The study findings can inform primary healthcare providers and policymakers that could be used to develop quality improvement strategies.
Health-related Quality of Life in Hormone Receptor-Positive Early Breast Cancer: Analyses From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare Health Outcomes Survey
Authors: Nabulsi Nadia A , Naing Khatija W , Deng Huiwen , Cueto Jenilee , Asfaw Alemseged A , Hubbard Colin C , Zhou Jifang , Lee Inyoung , Mitra Debanjali , Calip Gregory S , Law Ernest H
Published: July 2022

This study describes health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older Medicare beneficiaries with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (eBC). Women aged ≥65 years diagnosed with stage I-III HR+ eBC between 1997 and 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare Health Outcomes Survey Data Resource were included. HRQoL was measured using the Short Form Health Survey including physical/mental component summary (PCS/MCS) scores and subscales. Patient surveys  ≤ 24 months post-diagnosis were matched to non-cancer controls. Mean differences in HRQoL were compared using analysis of covariance. Among 1880 HR+ eBC patients versus 5640 matched non-cancer controls, eBC patients surveyed  ≤ 6 months post-diagnosis (n  =  530) scored lower on component scores (PCS mean difference  =  1.6 [95%CI: 0.6-2.6]; MCS mean difference  =  2.0 [95%CI: 1.0-3.0]) and multiple subscales. Among women surveyed 19 to 24 months post-diagnosis (n  =  402), mean differences in HRQoL were modest (PCS: 1.2 [95%CI: 0.1-2.4]; MCS: −1.5 [95%CI: −2.7 to −0.3]). Most differences in HRQoL following diagnosis of eBC did not indicate statistical significance or minimally important difference, emphasizing that preservation of HRQoL is an important and realistic goal among patients with eBC.
Immigration status and utilization of secondary preventive treatment after ischemic stroke
Authors: Mkoma George F , Johnsen Søren P , Iversen Helle K , Andersen Grethe , Norredam Marie
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The objective of the study was to assess use and persistence of secondary preventive treatment after ischemic stroke comparing immigrants and Danish-born residents.

Patients and methods:

A cohort of patients discharged with ischemic stroke (IS) diagnosis ( n = 106,224) by immigration status was identified from the Danish Stroke Registry between 2005 and 2018. We investigated use (claiming at least one prescription in 180 days post-discharge according to information from the Register of Medicinal Products Statistics) and persistence of treatment within 180 days thereafter using multivariable logistic regression and Fine and Gray models.

Results:

Overall, 82,078 Danish-born residents (80.6%) and 3589 (80.7%) immigrants with IS used at least one of the recommended preventive medications post-discharge. Immigrants had lower odds of use of anticoagulants and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) (odds ratio (OR), 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53–0.82 and OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75–0.98, respectively) but had higher odds of use of beta-blockers (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02–1.53) than Danish-born residents after adjustment for age at stroke, sex, sociodemographic factors, duration of residence, stroke severity, and comorbidities. The odds were most evident among immigrants originating from non-Western countries. Persistence of medication use did not differ between immigrants and Danish-born residents after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities.

Conclusion:

Modest disparities in use of standard guideline recommended secondary preventive medications were observed when comparing immigrants and Danish-born residents with ischemic stroke. Furthermore, no differences in persistence of medication therapy were observed.
Educational Attainment, Literacy and Health Status of Scheduled Caste Students in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Kumar Bushan , Geelani Syed Zahoor Ahmad , Bhat Gh. Jeelani
Published: July 2022

The issue of the reservation system and its impression on scheduled castes and scheduled tribes have generated considerable debate. It is crucial to comprehend how far the scheduled castes, a socially marginalized minority, fall behind the rest of India in terms of human development. This article aims to examine the many human development elements, such as the educational attainment of the scheduled caste community in Jammu and Kashmir. Secondary data have been gathered for this purpose from the Chief Educational Office Doda and Unified District Information for the Education System. The population and literacy data eventually came from the Census 2011, and the health data came from the National Family Health Survey (2019–2020). This study displays the literacy and health-related elements of the scheduled caste population. The study also relates the scheduled caste status to other social groups in Jammu and Kashmir.
Status and Survival of Dalit Women-headed Households: Socio-economic Analysis
Authors: Yoganandham G  , Sankar Jayendira P , Sasintha G
Published: July 2022

In both developing and developed countries, women play a primary source of the social-economic support of the families. Unless there is no adult male living in the family permanently, Dalit women are not considered the head of the household. Gender bias exists when it is stated that the head of the family must always be an adult male, even if a woman’s socio-economic contribution to household upkeep is equal to or higher than a man’s. Most female-headed households are unplanned, as humans rather than natural forces established them. When males leave the family or divorce for any reason, the Dalit woman is left with the massive task of looking after the children. The Dalit women-headed households belonged to a wide area to analyse the Ranipet district of Tamil Nadu. Women, on the other hand, are unaware of their rights. It is especially true for low-income women. They are also discouraged from obtaining legal help due to a lack of financial resources and the duration of the legal process. It is possible to conclude that regulations alone will not be sufficient to prevent discrimination against Dalit women. Hence, the researcher analyses the socio-economic conditions and the status and survival of women’s headed households in the Ranipet district of Tamil Nadu.
Ontological and quantitative analyses of the kokuji characters of the Japanese writing system
Authors: Bossard Antoine
Published: July 2022

Except its two kana syllabaries and the Latin alphabet, the Japanese writing system is mainly based on Chinese characters and local, made-in-Japan characters. While the former, called kanji characters, are ubiquitous in Japanese, the latter, called kokuji characters, remain largely unknown and thus infrequently used. It is then meaningful and interesting to investigate these local characters, and that in a global manner, that is considering them as a whole rather than focusing on particular instances such as often done in previous works. To this end, in this paper we first conduct a formal, ontological discussion of the kokuji characters so as to identify common properties and patterns, and second we realise a quantitative analysis thereof according to several criteria. The obtained results clearly exhibit trends, which are subsequently discussed.
Sacrifice to the wind gods in late Shang China – religious, paleographic, linguistic and philological analyses: An integrated  approach
Authors: Li Fa , Takashima Ken-ichi
Published: July 2022

There is a bewildering array of rituals and sacrifices performed by the aristocratic, ruling elite in late Shāng China  (c. 13th–11th centuries BC). They range from major, regularly scheduled, ritual observances to unscheduled rituals and sacrifices directed to the ancestors and the nature gods such as the wind, rivers, mountains and other deities. They were often accompanied with apotropaic prayers. What might have been their rationale is a question that remains to be answered. Sacrificing to the wind gods, for example, is often encountered in oracle-bone inscriptions. Scholars do not seem to have examined the deeper, ontological problem of the raison d’être of various rituals and sacrifices. A closer reading of the inscriptions containing fēng 風 ‘wind’, fèng 鳳 ‘phoenix’ and other collocated words may restore their original meanings.

This paper distinguishes the ‘wind’ as a natural phenomenon from the ‘wind god’, even though they are written by the same graph. It also distinguishes between dì fēng 禘風 ‘dì-sacrifice to the wind (god)’ and níng fēng 寧風 ‘appease (unwanted) winds’. Identifying collocations of the words involved is an effective way for the distinctions we will be making. The paper also explores the need for the wind sacrifices accompanied by various other sacrifices. By addressing these issues, the paper is intended to stimulate further, in-depth discussion of the ritual and sacrificial system of late Shāng China. It covers a wide-ranging topic on late Shāng religious beliefs. They are analyzed in terms of paleography, linguistics and philology in an integrated manner.
Factors Influencing Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nurse Retention: A Scoping Review
Authors: Macintyre Madeleine R. , Brown Brandon W. J. , Schults Jessica A.
Published: July 2022

Background: Nursing staff retention is an ongoing concern within pediatric hematology/oncology settings globally. Work-related stressors cause emotional burden, psychological distress, and burnout to which nurses respond by leaving their workplace. Consequently, workplace culture and functionality are negatively impacted, quality of care reduces, and potential harm to patients increases. This paper aims to identify the “most” influencing factors for intention to leave among pediatric hematology/oncology nurses. Methods: A systematic search was undertaken on 29 July 2021 across five electronic databases, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Joanna Briggs Institute, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science, using MeSH and keywords related to pediatric hematology/oncology nurse retention. Results: The initial search yielded 283 articles. Following abstract and full-text review, nine articles met inclusion criteria. Across all studies, strong links between health service organizational factors (e.g., unit acuity and time constraints), clinician demographics (e.g., age, education, experience, and coping mechanisms), and nursing retention within pediatric hematology/oncology settings were observed. Direct patient care and long-term relationships with pediatric hematology/oncology patients were identified as the most frequent and intense stressors, while also presenting the most rewarding aspect of the nurse's work. Discussion: Clinician burnout and retention were found to be complex and multifaceted organizational and individual issues, which most importantly evolved from accumulative exposure to specialty-specific stressors. Interventions to prevent clinician burnout and improve staff retention, therefore, need to comprise individual and organizational level strategies specific to the healthcare context.
Inflammation accelerates BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL development through upregulation of AID
Authors: Zhang Ping , Qin Mengting , Wang Yang , Chen Xiaodong , Miao Yinsha , Yuan Meng , Zhou Wen , Li Dandan , Wang Dan , Wang Mengying , Ai Li , Ma Yunfeng , Dong Yanying , Ji Yanhong
Published: July 2022

Inflammation contributes to the initiation and disease progression of several lymphoid malignancies. BCR-ABL1-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL) is triggered by the malignant cloning of immature B cells promoted by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. However, it is unclear whether the mechanism driving the disease progression of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL involves inflammatory stimulation. Here, we evaluate BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL cells’ response to inflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that LPS promotes cell growth and genomic instability in cultured BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL cells and accelerates the BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL development in a mouse model. We show that the LPS-induced upregulation of activation-induced deaminase (AID) is required for the cell growth and disease progression of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL. Moreover, AID modulates the expression of various genes that are dominated by suppressing apoptosis genes and upregulating DNA damage-repair genes. These genes lead to facilitation for BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL progression. The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors significantly reduce AID protein level and delay the disease progression of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL upon inflammatory stimulation. The present data demonstrate the causative role of AID in the development and progression of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL during inflammation, thus highlighting potential therapeutic targets.
Incidence and predictors of priapism events in sickle cell anemia: a diary-based analysis
Authors: Idris Ibrahim M. , Abba Akib , Galadanci Jamil A. , Aji Sani A. , Jibrilla Atiku U. , Rodeghier Mark , Kassim Adetola , Burnett Arthur L. , DeBaun Michael R.
Published: July 2022

We conducted one of the first prospective studies to test the hypothesis that the clinical history of priapism underestimates priapism incidence compared with a priapism pain diary. Eligibility criteria were men with sickle cell anemia (SCA) between 18 and 40 years of age who have had at least 3 episodes of priapism in the past 12 months. Seventy-one men with SCA completed the diary for at least 3 months. The first 3 months of the priapism diary were included in the analysis. A total of 298 priapism episodes were recorded, and 80% (57 of 71) of the participants had at least 1 priapism event. Priapism severity was reported in the range of moderate to the worst imaginable pain in 81.5% (263 of 298), and a total 57 participants (80%) had a median pain rating of 6 (interquartile range: 5-8) on a scale from 1 to 10. The monthly incidence rate of priapism per participant based on history versus self-report pain diary was 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-2.1) and 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.6), respectively (P < .001). For participants that had a prior priapism episode, 80% had another episode during the 3-month interval follow-up. The median time to that second episode was 27.5 days. Major priapism occurred in 9.9% of episodes and was associated with the sum of all prospective priapism events. Men with SCA and at least 3 priapism episodes in the past 12 months are at significant risk for recurrent priapism in the following 3 months.
Circulating proteins as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer
Authors: Veyssière Hugo , Bidet Yannick , Penault-Llorca Frederique , Radosevic-Robin Nina , Durando Xavier
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and among the leading causes of cancer death in women. It is a heterogeneous group of tumours with numerous morphological and molecular subtypes, making predictions of disease evolution and patient outcomes difficult. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to help clinicians choose the best treatment for each patient. For the last years, studies have increasingly focused on biomarkers obtainable by liquid biopsy. Circulating proteins (from serum or plasma) can be used for inexpensive and minimally invasive determination of disease risk, early diagnosis, treatment adjusting, prognostication and disease progression monitoring. We provide here a review of the main published studies on serum proteins in breast cancer and elaborate on the potential of circulating proteins to be predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.
Golgi-Localized OsFPN1 is Involved in Co and Ni Transport and Their Detoxification in Rice
Authors: Kan Manman , Fujiwara Toru , Kamiya Takehiro
Published: July 2022

Cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) are beneficial and essential elements for plants, respectively, with the latter required for urease activity, which hydrolyzes urea into ammonium in plants. However, excess Co and Ni are toxic to plants and their transport mechanisms in rice are unclear. Here, we analyzed an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized rice mutant, 1187_n, with increased Co and Ni contents in its brown rice and shoots. 1187_n has a mutation in OsFPN1, which was correlated with a high Co and Ni phenotype in F2 crosses between the parental line and mutant. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 mutants exhibited a phenotype similar to that of 1187_n, demonstrating that OsFPN1 is the causal gene of the mutant. In addition to the high Co and Ni in brown rice and shoots, the mutant also exhibited high Co and Ni concentrations in the xylem sap, but low concentrations in the roots, suggesting that OsFPN1 is involved in the root-to-shoot translocation of Co and Ni. The growth of 1187_n and CRISPR/Cas9 lines were suppressed under high Co and Ni condition, indicating OsFPN1 is required for the normal growth under high Co and Ni. An OsFPN1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was localized to the Golgi apparatus. Yeast carrying GFP-OsFPN1 increased sensitivity to high Co contents and decreased Co and Ni accumulation. These results suggest that OsFPN1 can transport Co and Ni and is vital detoxification in rice.
Cyclic-di-GMP stimulates keratinocyte innate immune responses and attenuates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a murine skin wound infection model
Authors: Gao Shuai , Khan Abidullah , Chen Xuhong , Xiao Guohui , van der Veen Stijn , Chen Yin , Lin Xu’ai
Published: July 2022

Background

Staphylococcus aureusis a leading cause for morbidity and mortality associated with skin and burn wound infections. Therapeutic options for methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) have dwindled and therefore alternative treatments are urgently needed. In this study, the immuno-stimulating and anti-MRSA effects of cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), a uniquely bacterial second messenger and immuno-modulator, were investigated in HaCaT human epidermal keratinocytes and a murine skin wound infection model.

Results

Stimulation of HaCaT cells with 125 μM c-di-GMP for 12 h prior to MRSA challenge resulted in a 20-fold reduction in bacterial colonization compared with untreated control cells, which was not the result of a direct c-di-GMP toxic effect, since bacterial viability was not affected by this dose in the absence of HaCaT cells. C-di-GMP-stimulated or MRSA-challenged HaCaT cells displayed enhanced secretion of the antimicrobial peptides human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1), hBD-2, hBD-3 and LL-37, but for hBD1 and LL-37 the responses were additive in a c-di-GMP-dose-dependent manner. Secretion of the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8 was also elevated after stimulation of HaCaT cells with lower c-di-GMP doses and peaked at a dose of 5 μM. Finally, pre-treatment of mice with a 200 nmol dose of c-di-GMP 24 h before a challenge with MRSA in skin wound infection model resulted in a major reduction (up to 1,100-fold by day 2) in bacterial CFU counts recovered from challenged skin tissue sections compared PBS-treated control animals. Tissue sections displayed inflammatory cell infiltration and enhanced neutrophil influx in the c-di-GMP pre-treated animals, which might account for the reduced ability of MRSA to colonize c-di-GMP pre-treated mice.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that c-di-GMP is a potent immuno-modulator that can stimulate anti-MRSA immune responses in vivo and might therefore be a suitable alternative prophylactic or therapeutic agent for MRSA skin or burn wound infections.
Assessing the ability of an instrumental variable causal forest algorithm to personalize treatment evidence using observational data: the case of early surgery for shoulder fracture
Authors: Brooks John M. , Chapman Cole G. , Floyd Sarah B. , Chen Brian K. , Thigpen Charles A. , Kissenberth Michael
Published: July 2022

Background

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) using observational databases has been suggested to obtain personalized evidence of treatment effectiveness. Inferential difficulties remain using traditional CER approaches especially related to designating patients to reference classes a priori. A novel Instrumental Variable Causal Forest Algorithm (IV-CFA) has the potential to provide personalized evidence using observational data without designating reference classes a priori, but the consistency of the evidence when varying key algorithm parameters remains unclear. We investigated the consistency of IV-CFA estimates through application to a database of Medicare beneficiaries with proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) that previously revealed heterogeneity in the effects of early surgery using instrumental variable estimators.

Methods

IV-CFA was used to estimate patient-specific early surgery effects on both beneficial and detrimental outcomes using different combinations of algorithm parameters and estimate variation was assessed for a population of 72,751 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with PHFs in 2011. Classification and regression trees (CART) were applied to these estimates to create ex-post reference classes and the consistency of these classes were assessed. Two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimators were applied to representative ex-post reference classes to scrutinize the estimates relative to known 2SLS properties.

Results

IV-CFA uncovered substantial early surgery effect heterogeneity across PHF patients, but estimates for individual patients varied with algorithm parameters. CART applied to these estimates revealed ex-post reference classes consistent across algorithm parameters. 2SLS estimates showed that ex-post reference classes containing older, frailer patients with more comorbidities, and lower utilizers of healthcare were less likely to benefit and more likely to have detriments from higher rates of early surgery.

Conclusions

IV-CFA provides an illuminating method to uncover ex-post reference classes of patients based on treatment effects using observational data with a strong instrumental variable. Interpretation of treatment effect estimates within each ex-post reference class using traditional CER methods remains conditional on the extent of measured information in the data.
Methodology for the development of National Multidisciplinary Management Recommendations using a multi-stage meta-consensus initiative
Authors: Hardman John C. , Harrington Kevin , Roques Tom , Sood Sanjai , Jose Jemy , Lester Shane , Pracy Paul , Simo Ricard , Repanos Costa , Stafford Frank , Jennings Chris , Winter Stuart C. , Wheatly Hugh , Homer Jarrod , Kumar B. Nirmal , Paleri Vinidh
Published: July 2022

Background

Methods for developing national recommendations vary widely. The successful adoption of new guidance into routine practice is dependent on buy-in from the clinicians delivering day-to-day patient care and must be considerate of existing resource constraints, as well as being aspirational in its scope. This initiative aimed to produce guidelines for the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (HNSCCUP) using a novel methodology to maximise the likelihood of national adoption.

Methods

A voluntary steering committee oversaw 3 phases of development: 1) clarification of topic areas, data collection and assimilation, including systematic reviews and a National Audit of Practice; 2) a National Consensus Day, presenting data from the above to generate candidate consensus statements for indicative voting by attendees; and 3) a National Delphi Exercise seeking agreement on the candidate consensus statements, including representatives from all 58 UK Head and Neck Multidisciplinary Teams (MDT). Methodology was published online in advance of the Consensus Day and Delphi exercise.

Results

Four topic areas were identified to frame guideline development. The National Consensus Day was attended by 227 participants (54 in-person and 173 virtual). Results from 7 new systematic reviews were presented, alongside 7 expert stakeholder presentations and interim data from the National Audit and from relevant ongoing Clinical Trials. This resulted in the generation of 35 statements for indicative voting by attendees which, following steering committee ratification, led to 30 statements entering the National Delphi exercise.

After 3 rounds (with a further statement added after round 1), 27 statements had reached ‘strong agreement’ (n = 25, 2, 0 for each round, respectively), a single statement achieved ‘agreement’ only (round 3), and ‘no agreement’ could be reached for 3 statements (response rate 98% for each round). Subsequently, 28 statements were adopted into the National MDT Guidelines for HNSCCUP.

Conclusions

The described methodology demonstrated an effective multi-phase strategy for the development of national practice recommendations. It may serve as a cost-effective model for future guideline development for controversial or rare conditions where there is a paucity of available evidence or where there is significant variability in management practices across a healthcare service.
Validation of remote height and weight assessment in a rural randomized clinical trial
Authors: Forseth Bethany , Davis Ann M. , Bakula Dana M. , Murray Megan , Dean Kelsey , Swinburne Romine Rebecca E. , Fleming Kandace
Published: July 2022

Background

The purpose of this study is to describe and assess a remote height and weight protocol that was developed for an ongoing trial conducted during the SARS COV-2 pandemic.

Methods

Thirty-eight rural families (children 8.3 ± 0.7 years; 68% female; and caregivers 38.2 ± 6.1 years) were provided detailed instructions on how to measure height and weight. Families obtained measures via remote data collection (caregiver weight, child height and weight) and also by trained staff. Differences between data collection methods were examined.

Results

Per absolute mean difference analyses, slightly larger differences were found for child weight (0.21 ± 0.21 kg), child height (1.53 ± 1.29 cm), and caregiver weight (0.48 ± 0.42 kg) between school and home measurements. Both analyses indicate differences had only minor impact on child BMI percentile (− 0.12, 0.68) and parent BMI (0.05, 0.13). Intraclass coefficients ranged from 0.98 to 1.00 indicating that almost all of the variance was due to between person differences and not measurement differences within a person.

Conclusion

Results suggest that remote height and weight collection is feasible for caregivers and children and that there are minimal differences in the various measurement methods studied here when assessing group differences. These differences did not have clinically meaningful impacts on BMI. This is promising for the use of remote height and weight measurement in clinical trials, especially for hard-to reach-populations.

Trial registration

Clinical. Registered inclinicaltrials.gov(NCT03304249) on 06/10/2017.