bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On building partnership networks in an innovation context
Authors: Franco Camila , Wanke Peter Fernandes
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to seek to fill the gaps found in the literature to understand why and how the partnerships are formed and to map the dynamics of partnership networks of Brazilian electricity companies.

Design/methodology/approach

To map the dynamics of partnership networks formed by the Brazilian electricity companies, a social network analysis technique was adopted: R statistical software was used to make calculations and plot these networks.

Findings

It was found that the partnership network had a clear potential for an increase in the number of projects; however, the partnerships for the execution of such projects were dispersed. Although the concessionaires established partnerships with diverse institutions, the latter did not intercommunicate. Moreover, when analyzing the projects with respect to the project-type investigated, the institutions engaged in specific project types can be identified; thus, there is an opportunity for concessionaires, authorized contractors and licensed companies to identify the best partners, i.e. those that already possess the expertise to execute specific projects in future partnerships.

Originality/value

The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in partnership network development dynamics to understand how such networks form, change and evolve over time.
Synthesis and characterization of alicyclic two-component waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Zhang Jizhi , Jiang Xiankai
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and characterize a series of alicyclic two-component waterborne polyurethane (2K-WPU) which is composed of non-ionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion and hydroxyl aqueous dispersion.

Design/methodology/approach

The appearances of aqueous dispersions and 2K-WPU films were observed by photographs. The micromorphology of alicyclic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The molecule structures of WPU were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The effect of NCO:OH molar ratio of two components and trimethylolpropane (TMP) content on the thermal stability, mechanical and water resistance properties of 2K-WPU films was studied.

Findings

It was found by SEM that alicyclic polyisocyanate particles in aqueous dispersion showed a kind of spherical particle appearance, in which hydrophobic polyisocyanate was encapsulated by hydrophilic ether linkages segment. FTIR showed that WPU was polymerized through mixture of polyisocyanate component and hydroxyl component and increasing NCO:OH molar ratio of two components from 1.1:1 to 1.5:1 had increased the content of urea, urethane and allophanate of 2K-WPU films. Increasing NCO:OH molar ratio had improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the 2K-WPU film, but the water resistance of the 2K-WPU film increased first and then weakened. Increasing TMP contents from 1 to 0.75 mol for 1:5 system had improved the mechanical, thermal and water resistance properties of the 2K-WPU film.

Practical implications

The investigation established a method to prepare alicyclic 2K-WPU which is composed of non-ionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion and hydroxyl aqueous dispersion. The prepared 2K-WPU film could be applied in the field of waterborne surface coating, e.g. textile, wood and synthetic leather surfaces (Hasan et al., 2017; Akindoyo et al., 2016).

Originality/value

The paper established a method to synthesize alicyclic two-component 2K-WPU. The effect of NCO:OH molar ratio and TMP content on the thermal stability, mechanical and water resistance properties of 2K-WPU films were studied.
Exclusion of invertebrates influences saprotrophic fungal community and wood decay rate in an experimental field study
Authors: Jacobsen Rannveig M. , Sverdrup‐Thygeson Anne , Kauserud Håvard , Mundra Sunil , Birkemoe Tone
Published: August 2018

Decomposer communities perform an essential ecosystem function by recycling nutrients. However, the effect of higher trophic levels on microbial decomposer communities and rate of decomposition is poorly understood. We therefore conducted an exclusion experiment to test the effect of invertebrates on fungal decomposer communities in dead wood, repeated at 30 sites in two landscapes, and measured wood density to assess effect on decay rate.

Invertebrates were excluded from recently cut logs by cages with a 1‐mm‐mesh net, and fungal communities in caged logs were compared to logs accessible to invertebrates by DNA metabarcoding analyses. Accessible logs included control logs, cage control logs and positive control logs.

We found that exclusion of invertebrates had a significant effect on fungal community composition. For example, the wood decay fungi Trametes versicolor and T. ochraceawere significantly more abundant in accessible logs than in caged logs. The strongest effect on fungal community composition, however, was attributed to differing baseline conditions in the individual trees. When accounting for these baseline differences, caged logs had significantly higher wood density than control logs after 2 years, indicating lower rates of wood decay in caged logs.

Further studies, spanning several years, are required to fully understand the influence of invertebrates on fungi and wood decay. However, our results indicate that invertebrates influence both the composition of saprotrophic communities in dead wood and their decomposition function, which is vital to forest ecosystems.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Effects of interspecific coexistence on laying date and clutch size in two closely related species of hole‐nesting birds
Authors: Møller Anders Pape , Balbontín Javier , Dhondt André A. , Remeš Vladimir , Adriaensen Frank , Biard Clotilde , Camprodon Jordi , Cichoń Mariusz , Doligez Blandine , Dubiec Anna , Eens Marcel , Eeva Tapio , Goodenough Anne E. , Gosler Andrew G. , Gustafsson Lars , Heeb Philipp , Hinsley Shelley A. , Jacob Staffan , Juškaitis Rimvydas , Laaksonen Toni , Leclercq Bernard , Massa Bruno , Mazgajski Tomasz D. , Nager Ruedi G. , Nilsson Jan‐Åke , Nilsson Sven G. , Norte Ana C. , Pinxten Rianne , Robles Hugo , Solonen Tapio , Sorace Alberto , van Noordwijk Arie J. , Lambrechts Marcel M.
Published: August 2018

Coexistence between great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus, but also other hole‐nesting taxa, constitutes a classic example of species co‐occurrence resulting in potential interference and exploitation competition for food and for breeding and roosting sites. However, the spatial and temporal variations in coexistence and its consequences for competition remain poorly understood.

We used an extensive database on reproduction in nest boxes by great and blue tits based on 87 study plots across Europe and Northern Africa during 1957–2012 for a total of 19,075 great tit and 16,729 blue tit clutches to assess correlative evidence for a relationship between laying date and clutch size, respectively, and density consistent with effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition.

In an initial set of analyses, we statistically controlled for a suite of site‐specific variables. We found evidence for an effect of intraspecific competition on blue tit laying date (later laying at higher density) and clutch size (smaller clutch size at higher density), but no evidence of significant effects of intraspecific competition in great tits, nor effects of interspecific competition for either species.

To further control for site‐specific variation caused by a range of potentially confounding variables, we compared means and variances in laying date and clutch size of great and blue tits among three categories of difference in density between the two species. We exploited the fact that means and variances are generally positively correlated. If interspecific competition occurs, we predicted a reduction in mean and an increase in variance in clutch size in great tit and blue tit when density of heterospecifics is higher than the density of conspecifics, and for intraspecific competition, this reduction would occur when density of conspecifics is higher than the density of heterospecifics. Such comparisons of temporal patterns of means and variances revealed evidence, for both species, consistent with intraspecific competition and to a smaller extent with interspecific competition.

These findings suggest that competition associated with reproductive behaviour between blue and great tits is widespread, but also varies across large spatial and temporal scales.
Who can open the flower? Assessment of the flower opening force of mammal‐pollinated Mucuna macrocarpa
Authors: Kobayashi Shun , Hirose Euichi , Denda Tetsuo , Izawa Masako
Published: August 2018

Effective pollinators in Fabaceae species with papillionaceous flowers should have sufficient force to open the petals and expose the stamens and pistils from the keel petals. Here, we assessed the force that is required (operative force) to open the petals of the mammal‐pollinated Mucuna macrocarpa, in parallel with estimating the force of bee species. The operative force of M. macrocarpa was quantified by a digital force gauge and the force of three bee species that frequent these flowers was estimated from body mass. The operative force was 1.635 ± 0.146 (mean ± SD) newton (N). This force was far larger than that estimated for the largest bee in the study area. In addition, the operative force of M. macrocarpa was 16–409 times greater than that of bee‐pollinated plants. Our results demonstrate that the operative force of M. macrocarpa flowers is adapted to mammalian openers, preventing potential nectar robbers.
Prevalence and survival of Listeria monocytogenes in various types of cheese—A review
Authors: Gérard Amaury , El‐Hajjaji Soundous , Niyonzima Eugène , Daube Georges , Sindic Marianne
Published: August 2018

Since the publication of Regulation (EC) N°2073/2005, ready‐to‐eat (RTE) food allowing the development of Listeria monocytogenes, including cheese, has to be free of this pathogen in 25 g of product. This review was carried out to gather studies on the prevalence of the pathogen in various types of cheese in Europe, while also including data from other continents. Given that Regulation (EC) N°2073/2005 distinguishes cheeses allowing or not the survival of L. monocytogenes based on the food's pH and water activity (aw), the review also focuses on the determinants of this growth/no growth in the same types of cheese.
‘Speaking the Names’ of Family as ‘Speaking a Place’
Authors: Knight Zelda G.
Published: August 2018

Names and naming practices have been the focus of social science research for several years. Our name, as part of our identity, shapes and defines our sense of self. When clients start psychotherapy they first introduce themselves by giving their names. Sometimes they speak the names of their parents and grandparents. This speaking of the collective intergenerational familial names is termed ‘speaking the names’. This article sets out to explore and describe the experience of clients in psychoanalytic therapy of ‘speaking the names’. The methodological approach is phenomenological with a focus on experience as a legitimate unit of investigation. Transcripts of sessions with clients are analysed using thematic analysis. The main exploratory findings are that ‘speaking the names’ is a significant psychological event and it can be understood as (1) ‘speaking one's place’ within the family, (2) ‘speaking the hope’ of the family, (3) ‘speaking its lived meaning’ when the meaning of their name is unknown but appears to be lived unconsciously, and (4) ‘speaking a lost connection’ when the familial names are unknown.
Rebel Psychoanalyst Adrian Stephen: Brother of Virginia Woolf
Authors: Sayers Janet
Published: August 2018

Inspired in part by a paper in the British Journal of Psychotherapy by the psychoanalyst Malcolm Pines, describing the Cambridge and Bloomsbury background of the psychoanalyst, Adrian Stephen, in this paper I draw on the writings of his older sister, Virginia Woolf, and on other data as means of highlighting and explaining aspects of his life and work. In particular, I discuss his rebellion against their father, Leslie Stephen; his subsequent rebellion against authority before and during the First World War; and his involvement in psychoanalysis and politics during his medical and psychoanalytic training in the 1920s. I go on to explain how his opposition to tyranny informed his approach to psychoanalysis as means of freeing patients from the control exerted over them by their phantasies. And I show how, during the Second World War, he resisted dominance by Ernest Jones and Edward Glover of the British Psycho‐Analytical Society, and how in his post‐war clinical work he extended Freud's moral version of the super‐ego into an account of it as a wish‐fulfilling agency of the mind.
Symbolic Equation and Symbolic Representation: An Appraisal of Hanna Segal's Work
Authors: Hinshelwood R.D.
Published: August 2018

Hanna Segal's original paper in 1957 on symbol‐formation is a classic. It makes clinical observations of concrete symbolic equation and theorized the contrast with normal representation. In the process of developing the most accurate and most useful theory of symbol‐formation that psychoanalysis possesses, Segal brought the psychoanalytic symbol into connection with the wider meaning of symbols in linguistics and other academic disciplines. It is less well known that she modified the theoretical conceptualization of her observations in the light of Bion's development of the theory of container‐contained. Perhaps because of the clinical usefulness, little serious criticism has been made of either the original theory or its modification. In this paper, an appraisal will be made of these major conceptualizations. This paper looks again at the theory she used to make the distinction between normal symbols ‘proper’, or representations, and the concrete symbolic equation associated with the primitive or psychotic defences.
Comparison of healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating dapagliflozin versus sitagliptin
Authors: Parker Emily D. , Wittbrodt Eric T. , McPheeters Jeffrey T. , Frias Juan P.
Published: August 2018

Aims

To compare healthcare costs and utilization in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who initiated dapagliflozin (DAPA) with costs and utilization in those who initiated sitagliptin (SITA) in a real‐world setting.

Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective study of health plan enrollees in two US commercial claims databases or Medicare Part D. The study population comprised adult patients with T2D who initiated DAPA or SITA between January 1, 2014 and April 30, 2015. DAPA and SITA initiators were propensity‐score‐matched, and healthcare utilization and costs during the 1‐year follow‐up period were compared. Analyses were conducted separately for patients with evidence of oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) monotherapy use at baseline.

Results

A total of 2722 patients were included in each matched cohort. Follow‐up unadjusted all‐cause costs ($16 065 and $17 281; P = 0.135) and diabetes‐related costs ($9697 and $9354; P = 0.539) were similar in the DAPA and SITA cohorts. Higher office and outpatient visit costs in the SITA group were offset by higher pharmacy costs in the DAPA group. In the subgroup of 1804 patients with OAD monotherapy use at baseline, patients in the SITA group had higher total all‐cause costs compared with those in the DAPA group ($14 884 vs. $12 353; P = 0.026).

Conclusion

Patients who initiated DAPA or SITA had similar all‐cause and diabetes‐related healthcare costs over 1 year of follow‐up. In the subgroup of patients treated with OAD monotherapy at baseline (84% metformin monotherapy), those who initiated DAPA as add‐on therapy had lower costs than patients who added SITA.
Clonal damselflies (Ischnura hastata) are not significantly affected by mite parasitism
Authors: Cordero‐Rivera A. , Vieira V. , Utzeri C.
Published: August 2018

We studied parasitism rate by the terrestrial mite Leptus killingtoni Turk (Acari: Erythraeidae) on asexual parthenogenetic damselflies, Ischnura hastata (Say), and sexual Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) on Pico island (Azores, Portugal). We sampled 52 water bodies on the island and recorded whether Ischnura specimens were parasitized. Half of the water bodies had either dried up or were almost dry or did not have Ischnura populations. In the remaining 23 ponds, mite parasitism was extremely low, with only 3.6% of I. hastata females bearing one or more mites. Ischnura pumilio was rare on the island (61 specimens examined) and had also very few parasites (9.8% parasitism). We examined the biology of the mite and its effects on the host, by studying mite attachment behavior and seasonal abundance, in an intensive study of one pond (Lagoa do Landroal). At this pond, mite prevalence peaked at the start of the sampling period, with 32% of females of I. hastata parasitized and decreased continuously until the end of the study, when only 2% were parasitized. The analysis of mark–recapture histories of 1 748 females of I. hastata indicates that mites did not affect female survival or recapture rate. Our results suggest that L. killingtoni is unlikely to represent a significant selective factor for odonates on the island of Pico, if its density is as low as during the period of our study, although it could be relevant when it is locally abundant or during periods of outbreak.
Effects of turbidity on foraging of juvenile black and white crappies
Authors: Andree Sara R. , Wahl David H.
Published: August 2018

Turbidity can fluctuate rapidly during the early life of fishes, impacting foraging behaviours. For piscivores, turbidity may hinder foraging, whereas planktivores and juvenile fishes may increase foraging activity and decrease antipredator behaviours in moderate levels of turbidity. Black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and white crappie (P. annularis) population trends are often related to changes in turbidity. Yet effects of turbidity on juvenile foraging of these species are unknown and may differ between species. To evaluate effects of three turbidity levels (0, 25 and 50 NTU) on juvenile crappie foraging, controlled experiments compared (a) consumption and size selection for a single prey and (b) selection, total consumption and energetic value of diets when offered three distinct prey options. Overall, black crappies exhibited universally greater diet biomass than white crappies. Black crappies displayed higher prey consumption and were more size selective of a single‐prey type, whereas white crappies were less size selective and maintained uniform consumption as turbidity increased. Selection patterns for three prey types were similar among species and turbidity levels, with Chaoborus preferred and Chironomus avoided. However, black crappies also avoided Daphnia, whereas white crappies consumed them neutrally. Overall, turbidity did not impair foraging of juvenile crappies. Turbidity‐driven fluctuations in prey base paired with predator interactions likely also contribute to observed growth and abundance fluctuations in natural systems.
Characterization of proliferative, glial and angiogenic responses after a CoCl2‐induced injury of photoreceptor cells in the adult zebrafish retina
Authors: Medrano Matias Pedro , Pisera Fuster Antonella , Sanchis Pablo Antonio , Paez Natalia , Bernabeu Ramon Oscar , Faillace Maria Paula
Published: August 2018

The adult zebrafish is considered a useful model for studying mechanisms involved in tissue growth and regeneration. We have characterized cytotoxic damage to the retina of adult zebrafish caused by the injection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) into the vitreous cavity. The CoCl2 concentration we used primarily caused injury to photoreceptors. We observed the complete disappearance of cones, followed by rods, across the retina surface from 28 to 96 hr after CoCl2 injury. The loss of 30% of bipolar cells was also observed by 50 hr after lesion (hpl). CoCl2 injury provoked a strong induction of the proliferative activity of multipotent Müller glia and derived progenitors. The effect of CoCl2 on retina cells was significantly reduced by treatment with glutamate ionotropic receptor antagonists. Cone photoreceptor regeneration occurred 25 days after injury. Moreover, a single dose of CoCl2 induced vascular damage and regeneration, whereas three injections of CoCl2 administered weekly provoked neovascular‐like changes 20 days after injury. CoCl2 injury also caused microglial reactivity in the optic disc, retina periphery and fibre layer. CoCl2‐induced damage enhanced pluripotency and proneural transcription factor gene expression in the mature retina 72 hpl. Tumour necrosis factor alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor mRNA levels were also significantly enhanced by 72 hpl. The injury paradigm we have described in this work may be useful for the discovery of signalling molecules and pathways that participate in the regenerative response and it may serve as a model to screen for compounds that could potentially treat aberrant angiogenesis.
Retinal vascular density in multiple sclerosis: a 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Lanzillo R. , Cennamo G. , Moccia M. , Criscuolo C. , Carotenuto A. , Frattaruolo N. , Sparnelli F. , Melenzane A. , Lamberti A. , Servillo G. , Tranfa F. , De Crecchio G. , Brescia Morra V.
Published: August 2018

Background and purpose

Vascular pathology is increasingly acknowledged as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). Vascular density (VD) is reduced in the eyes of patients with MS on optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. We performed a 1‐year prospective study to estimate VD variations over time and possible clinical correlates.

Methods

A total of 50 patients with MS underwent spectral domain‐OCT and OCT angiography at baseline and after 1‐year follow‐up. Mixed‐effect linear regression models were used to assess variations of each OCT measure and its relation to treatment and clinical outcomes.

Results

We observed an increase in parafovea VD (coefficient, 1.147; 95% confidence interval, 0.081–2.214; P = 0.035). Reduction in parafovea VD was associated with increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale score (coefficient, −0.969; 95% confidence interval, −1.732/−0.207; P = 0.013).

Conclusions

Retinal VD can improve over time in MS, particularly in patients experiencing disease stability. Longer follow‐up, inclusion of early MS cases and combination with conventional markers of MS severity (i.e. brain atrophy) are needed to better define VD as a potential new biomarker.
Hemodialysis‐related headache and how to prevent it
Authors: Gozubatik‐Celik G. , Uluduz D. , Goksan B. , Akkaya N. , Sohtaoglu M. , Uygunoglu U. , Kircelli F. , Sezen A. , Saip S. , Karaali Savrun F. , Siva A.
Published: August 2018

Background and purpose

Hemodialysis (HD) may have some adverse effects on the nervous system. Headache is the most commonly reported neurological symptom amongst HD patients. Our aim was to determine the frequency, clinical characteristics and triggering factors of HD‐related headache (HRH) and to evaluate preventive strategies for reducing HRH.

Method

In all, 494 patients were included. Comparative controls (CC) were classified within the same patients without headache. Arterial systolic/diastolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were correlated before/after one HD. The urea reduction ratio during the dialysis session was determined.

Results

A total of 175 patients (35.4%) with a mean age of 57.3 ± 15.7 years were diagnosed with HRH. HRH was more common in males (P < 0.001). Headache was started a mean of 2.90 ± 0.86 h after the HD. The common localization of pain was reported to be bifrontal in 41.7% (n = 73). The mean duration of headache was 6.22 ± 7.8 h, with a duration of ≤4 h reported by 64.0% of patients. The mean Visual Analog Scale score was 5.64 ± 2.05. The differences between pre/post‐dialysis BUN values were 94.6 ± 31.1 in HRH patients and 86.8 ± 28.5 in the CC group (P = 0.006). The systolic blood pressure difference between the pre/post‐dialysis measurements was 22.4 ± 16.5 mmHg in HRH patients and 12.8 ± 19.4 mmHg in CC(P < 0.001). Patients with HRH had significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure pre‐dialysis values (systolic, P = 0.002; diastolic, P < 0.001). The differences in systolic/diastolic blood pressure between pre/post‐dialysis were higher in the HRH group (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Regulating the frequency and timing of dialysis may provide better management in HRH with high BUN levels and high pre‐dialysis blood pressure.
Narrating Bodies into Existence: Negotiating the Necessity of Corporeality and Relationality for Subject Construction in Thomas Glavinic's novel Lisa (2011)
Authors: Pfleger Simone
Published: August 2018

This essay examines how Austrian author Thomas Glavinic's novel Lisa (2011) challenges the necessity of corporeal presence as a precondition for becoming a subject with a legible and stable identity. Focusing on protagonist Tom's storytelling and his descriptions of Lisa, the mysterious criminal who is haunting him, this essay argues for an ontology of fluidity as an analytical framework for interrogating the ways in which relationality enables character construction through narration. Taking the concept of ‘relationality’ as its point of departure, this analysis of Glavinic's novel emphasizes how the text critically questions the necessity of physical presence as a precondition for existence as a subject and critiques normative conceptions of what constitutes an accepted and acceptable social body.
Effectiveness of a comprehensive educational programme for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to identify individuals in the Udupi district with bleeding disorders: A community‐based survey
Authors: Badagabettu S. , Nayak D. M. , Kurien A. , Kamath V. G. , Kamath A. , George A.
Published: August 2018

Introduction

The awareness and knowledge on bleeding disorders is generally poor among the rural population. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) serve as the facilitators between the rural community and the health care system. Training of ASHAs in screening of rural population for early identification of bleeding disorders can enable prompt referral, timely detection and management of bleeding disorders.

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an ASHA training programme for identification of suspected bleeding disorder cases.

Methods

A population‐based, cross‐sectional survey was implemented by 586 Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in rural Udupi district, who underwent a structured training programme on identification of bleeding disorders. A survey record book with a screening tool on assessment of bleeding symptoms was given to each ASHA. The screening tool consisted of symptoms related to bleeding disorders and family history of bleeding disorders. Using the screening tool, ASHAs carried out a door‐to‐door survey. After screening, those who reported with bleeding symptoms were referred by the ASHAs to the investigator, who conducted further assessment. A detailed bleeding history was documented and bleeding symptom assessment was carried out using bleeding assessment tool (BAT) at the haemophilia treatment centre. Further coagulation assessments were carried out as per the treatment centre protocol. This paper highlights the evaluation of an ASHA training programme on identification of individuals with bleeding symptoms in the rural population.

Results

A total of 586 trained ASHAs surveyed a population of 318 214 in rural Udupi district. Out of the 124 cases reported by ASHAs, 29 bleeding disorder cases were identified; haemophilia (A and B) was the most commonly found bleeding disorder 22 (75.8%), followed by von Willebrand disease (vWD) 3 (10.3%) and 4 (13.8%) immune‐mediated thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), with an overall prevalence of 2.2/10 000 population.

Conclusion

Training ASHA health care workers, who are the most important link between the community and health services, resulted in increased awareness among the public for the early detection of bleeding disorders.
Developing support strategies for burn care nurses through an understanding of their experiences: A meta‐ethnographic study
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Agyei Bediako Frank , Allotey Gabriel , Kyei Baffour Prince
Published: August 2018

Aim

To build a comparative understanding of nurses' experiences with caring for burned patients with the goal of eliciting possible support strategies.

Background

Considering the stressful nature of burns nursing, there is a need to develop support strategies for burn care nurses.

Design

This meta‐ethnographic study used Noblit and Hare's approach and followed PRISMA guidelines.

Data sources

The search databases included PsycINFO, EbscoHost, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed from 1990 to 2017.

Review methods

Qualitative studies were included in the review if they examined burn care nurses' experiences. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme quality assessment tool was used to appraise each study.

Results

Ten papers (six articles and four theses) published between 1998 and 2014 met the criteria for inclusion. Three key concepts were generated from the synthesis: becoming a burns nurse, work environment, and nurses' emotional responses. The relationships between the concepts were noted to be reciprocal, from which a line of argument was developed using Schutz notion of constructs.

Conclusion

There is a need to establish structures that can encourage burn care nurses to verbalise their feelings as well as strengthen the nursing team.
Ice water test in multiple sclerosis: A pilot trial
Authors: Hüsch Tanja , Reitz André , Ulm Kurt , Haferkamp Axel
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To investigate the significance of the ice water test in patients with multiple sclerosis and to evaluate a novel ice water test nomogram in a large patient cohort.

Methods

A total of 201 ice water tests of patients with multiple sclerosis were retrospectively evaluated. Incontinence episodes in 24 h and sex were correlated with the ice water test. Furthermore, an ice water test nomogram was developed in order to categorize the detrusor overactivity in severity degrees. Descriptive statistics were carried out for population characteristics. Correlations of categorical variables were calculated by the χ2‐test. The independent t‐test was carried out for correlations of continuous variables. Furthermore, the data were evaluated in the novel ice water test nomogram.

Results

The patient population consisted of 141 (70.1%) women and 60 (39.9%) men. A clinically positive ice water test (maximum detrusor pressure >15 cmH2O) was identified in 75 patients (37.3%). Significantly more men presented a clinically positive ice water test (P = 0.006). In 16.5%, the ice water test unmasked an involuntary detrusor contraction, although routine cystometry did not show any detrusor overactivity. The ice water test nomogram could be successfully applied. The incontinence episodes and maximum detrusor pressure correlated positively with a higher categorization in the nomogram. Therapeutic interventions and follow‐up controls could be successfully illustrated by the nomogram.

Conclusions

The ice water test is a simple tool for unmasking non‐identified detrusor overactivity in neurogenic bladder dysfunction. A severity categorization of the detrusor overactivity can be facilitated by the use of the ice water test nomogram. After further validation, the ice water test could be ultimately used in future as objective assessment for bladder dysfunction.
Endoscopic findings corresponding to multiple Lugol‐voiding lesions in the esophageal background mucosa
Authors: Matsuno Kenshi , Ishihara Ryu , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ohmori Masayasu , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Inoue Shuntaro , Iwatsubo Taro , Nakahira Hiroko , Matsuura Noriko , Shichijyo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Takashi Kanesaka , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Matsunaga Takashi
Published: August 2018

Background and Aim

Multiple Lugol‐voiding lesions (LVLs) on Lugol chromoendoscopy can predict the development of metachronous multiple cancers in the esophagus and the head and neck regions. However, Lugol chromoendoscopy sometimes causes adverse events such as chest pain and discomfort. We therefore investigated the endoscopic findings on narrow band imaging (NBI) or blue laser imaging (BLI) that correspond to the presence of multiple LVLs in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

First, we investigated the NBI/BLI findings corresponding to individual small LVLs (one‐to‐one correspondence). Second, we investigated the association between the grade of multiple LVLs and the five endoscopic findings, including multiple foci of dilated vessels (MDV), multiple small brownish areas without microvascular irregularity, and a nonuniform color tone.

Results

One‐to‐one correspondence of endoscopic findings was analyzed in 106 small LVLs. The main findings matched with small LVLs were a focus of dilated vessels (44 lesions), a small brownish area (17 lesions), and a small brownish area with a focus of dilated vessels (19 lesions). The relationship between multiple LVLs and each finding assessed by NBI/BLI was assessed in 155 patients. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the presence of MDV was the only finding independently associated with multiple LVLs (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The presence of MDV in the noncancerous background esophageal mucosa was significantly associated with multiple LVLs. This pilot study demonstrates that MDV has the potential to be a new risk factor for the development of metachronous multiple esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibits intraplaque haemorrhage by normalization of plaque neovessels
Authors: de Vries M. R. , Parma L. , Peters H. A. B. , Schepers A. , Hamming J. F. , Jukema J. W. , Goumans M. J. T. H. , Guo L. , Finn A. V. , Virmani R. , Ozaki C. K. , Quax P. H. A.
Published: August 2018

Background

Plaque angiogenesis is associated with atherosclerotic lesion growth, plaque instability and negative clinical outcome. Plaque angiogenesis is a natural occurring process to fulfil the increasing demand of oxygen and nourishment of the vessel wall. However, inadequate formed, immature plaque neovessels are leaky and cause intraplaque haemorrhage.

Objective

Blockade of VEGFR2 normalizes the unbridled process of plaque neovessel formation and induces maturation of nascent vessels resulting in prevention of intraplaque haemorrhage and influx of inflammatory cells into the plaque and subsequently increases plaque stability.

Methods and Results

In human carotid and vein graft atherosclerotic lesions, leaky plaque neovessels and intraplaque haemorrhage co‐localize with VEGF/VEGFR2 and angiopoietins. Using hypercholesterolaemic ApoE3*Leiden mice that received a donor caval vein interposition in the carotid artery, we demonstrate that atherosclerotic vein graft lesions at t28 are associated with hypoxia, Hif1α and Sdf1 up‐regulation. Local VEGF administration results in increased plaque angiogenesis. VEGFR2 blockade in this model results in a significant 44% decrease in intraplaque haemorrhage and 80% less extravasated erythrocytes compared to controls. VEGFR2 blockade in vivo results in a 32% of reduction in vein graft size and more stable lesions with significantly reduced macrophage content (30%), and increased collagen (54%) and smooth muscle cell content (123%). Significant decreased VEGF, angiopoietin‐2 and increased Connexin 40 expression levels demonstrate increased plaque neovessel maturation in the vein grafts. VEGFR2 blockade in an aortic ring assay showed increased pericyte coverage of the capillary sprouts.

Conclusion

Inhibition of intraplaque haemorrhage by controlling neovessels maturation holds promise to improve plaque stability.
Implementing an early childhood oral health program in a federally qualified health center in North Carolina
Authors: Quinonez Rocio B. , Rozier R. Gary , Mattison Katrina , Joshi Neha , Preisser John S.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To examine the Baby Oral Health Program's (bOHP) influence on dental visits for children 0 to 3 years and overall dental visits in four federally qualified health center (FQHC) clinics.

Methods

Using an interrupted time series study design, administrative data were obtained for the year prior and following the intervention. The intervention included dental staff training on early childhood oral health, quality improvement, and monthly visits during the follow‐up intervention period. Analysis included descriptive and segmented regression using aggregate patient visit data.

Results

A total of 10,400 patients made 26,416 visits over the study period; 1,187 (11 percent) were children ≤3 years. Visit counts in the youngest age group increased 70 percent following the intervention. When controlling for the naturally increasing trend, the intervention added 8.7 (95 percent CI: 4.7, 12.8) early childhood patient‐visits per clinic in the last month of the intervention period. The increase in visit counts in the youngest age group had no significant effect on other ages, except for a decline relative to the natural trend in patient‐visits among 35–50 year olds (−32.3 less visits) following the intervention. The proportion of visits for all ages by ≤3 year olds increased from 5 to 8 percent following the intervention.

Conclusions

bOHP increased dental visits among children ≤3 years but the finding might be attributable to clinic changes coinciding with bOHP implementation that were not controlled with the study design. Additional studies are needed in populations experiencing challenges accessing dental care.
Freeing long‐period prices from the uniform profit rate hypothesis: A general model of long‐period positions
Authors: D’Agata Antonio
Published: August 2018

Modern long‐period literature defines long‐period prices as prices yielding a uniform profit rate. This definition relies on the assumption of free competition, which is not essential in defining long‐period prices, the reproducibility of the economic system being the essential condition. A definition of long‐period prices based only on reproducibility is then proposed and a model developed. The existence of long‐period price vectors is obtained in a variety of situations yielding differential or uniform profits rates. Our analysis shows that the long‐period approach is “robust” with respect to the elimination of the significant but problematic assumption of uniform profit rates. Our model provides also a formalization of Smith’s view of domestic and international division of labour.
Involvement of lipid transfer proteins in resistance against a non‐host powdery mildew in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fahlberg Per , Buhot Nathalie , Johansson Oskar N. , Andersson Mats X.
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY

Non‐specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are involved in the transport of lipophilic compounds to the cuticular surface in epidermal cells and in the defence against pathogens. The role of glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored LTPs (LTPGs) in resistance against non‐host mildews in Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated using reverse genetics. Loss of either LTPG1, LTPG2, LTPG5 or LTPG6 increased the susceptibility to penetration of the epidermal cell wall by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). However, no impact on pre‐penetration defence against another non‐host mildew, Erysiphe pisi (Ep), was observed. LTPG1 was localized to papillae at the sites of Bgh penetration. This study shows that, in addition to the previously known functions, LTPGs contribute to pre‐invasive defence against certain non‐host powdery mildew pathogens.
Progressive politics in an era of anti‐politics
Authors: Glaser Eliane
Published: August 2018

The way forward for the left in the new political landscape
Managers, not markets
Authors: Dutta Sahil Jai , Knafo Samuel , Lane Richard , Wyn‐Jones Steffan
Published: August 2018

Neoliberal policy owes less to the ideology of free markets than it does the management and planning techniques born in cold war America
Searching for an alternative economic model
Authors: Rodrik Dani , Perez Carlota , Nesvetailova Anastasia , Harris Donald J , Macfarlane Laurie , Perrons Diane
Published: August 2018

Responses to the IPPR Commission on Economic Justice
The great reversal
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

How neoliberalism turned the economic aspirations of classical liberalism upside down in favour of capital interests
The central effects of buspirone on abdominal pain in rats
Authors: Panteleev S. S. , Sivachenko I. B. , Lyubashina O. A.
Published: August 2018

Background

Buspirone, a partial agonist of the 5‐HT1a receptor (5‐HT1aR), owing to potential antinociceptive properties may be useful in treatment of abdominal pain in IBS patients. The pain‐related effects of buspirone are mediated via the 5‐HT1aRs, specifically located within the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). The most animal studies of the 5‐HT1aR involvement in pain control have been carried out with somatic behavioral tests. The 5‐HT1aR contribution in visceral pain transmission within the VLM is unclear. The objective of our study was to evaluate the 5‐HT1aR contribution in abdominal pain transmission within the VLM.

Methods

Using animal model of abdominal pain (urethane‐anaesthetized rats), based on the noxious colorectal distension (CRD) as pain stimulus we studied effects of buspirone (1.0‐4.0 mg kg−1, iv) on the CRD‐induced VLM neuron and blood pressure responses as markers of abdominal pain before and after the 5‐HT1aR blockade by antagonist, WAY 100,635.

Results

The CRD induced a significant increase in VLM neuron activity up to 201.5 ± 18.0% and depressor reactions up to 68 ± 1.8% of baseline. Buspirone (1.0‐4.0 mg kg−1, iv) resulted in an inhibition of the CRD‐induced neuron responses which were changed inversely with dose increase and decreased depressor reactions directly with dose increase. These effects were antagonized by intracerebroventricular WAY 100,635.

Conclusion

Buspirone exerts complex biphasic action on the pain‐related VLM neuron activity inversely depending on dose. The final effect of buspirone depends on the functional balance between of activation the pre‐ and postsynaptic 5‐HT1aRs in mediating pain control networks.
Plato's Revenge: Moral Deliberation As Dialogical Activity
Authors: Morgan Andrew
Published: August 2018

In this article I offer an account of normative thought inspired by Plato's proposal in the Theaetetus that judgement is ‘speech spoken … silently.’ After arguing that force conventionalism is the speech act theory best suited for modeling dialogic inner speech, I close the article by sketching the picture of normative thought that results. Though I defend a particular theory of normative speech elsewhere, the core insights of this article can be used by other theorists as well. The arguments offered here also serve as an important step forward for the more general program of using social speech to better understand thought.
BvCOLD1: A novel aquaporin from sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) involved in boron homeostasis and abiotic stress
Authors: Porcel Rosa , Bustamante Antonio , Ros Roc , Serrano Ramón , Mulet Salort José M.
Published: August 2018

Beta vulgaris(sugar beet) is one of the most important industrial crops. Screening of a cDNA library for sugar beet genes able to confer cold tolerance upon overexpression in yeast identified a novel aquaporin, which we namedBvCOLD1. The amino acid sequence of BvCOLD1 indicated that an acidic protein (pI 5.18) is similar to tonoplast intrinsic protein aquaporins. RNA expression analysis indicated thatBvCOLD1is expressed in all sugar beet organs. Confocal microscopy of a green fluorescent protein‐tagged version localized BvCOLD1 in the endoplasmic reticulum in yeast and in plant cells. Experiments in yeast showed that BvCOLD1 has an important role in transporting several molecules, among them is boron, one of the most limiting micronutrients for sugar beet cultivation. TransgenicArabidopsis thalianaplants overexpressingBvCOLD1showed enhanced tolerance to cold, to different abiotic stresses, and to boron deficiency at different developmental stages. Searches in databases only retrievedBvCOLD1orthologues in genomes from the Chenopodioideae, a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae family that includes the closely related cropSpinacea oleraceaand halotolerant plants such asSalicornia herbaceaorSuaeda glauca. Orthologues share a conserved sequence in the carboxy terminus, not present in other aquaporins, which is required for the functionality of the protein.
The Myo‐inositol pathway does not contribute to ascorbic acid synthesis
Authors: Ivanov Kavkova E. , Blöchl C. , Tenhaken R.
Published: August 2018

Ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in plants predominantly occurs via a pathway with d‐mannose and l‐galactose as intermediates. One alternative pathway for AsA synthesis, which is similar to the biosynthesis route in mammals, is controversially discussed for plants. Here, myo‐inositol is cleaved to glucuronic acid and then converted via l‐gulonate to AsA. In contrast to animals, plants have an effective recycling pathway for glucuronic acid, being a competitor for the metabolic rate. Recycling involves a phosphorylation at C1 by the enzyme glucuronokinase.

Two previously described T‐DNA insertion lines in the gene coding for glucuronokinase1 show wild type‐like expression levels of the mRNA in our experiments and do not accumulate glucuronic acid in labelling experiments disproving that these lines are true knockouts. As suitable T‐DNA insertion lines were not available, we generated frameshift mutations in the major expressed isoform glucuronokinase1 (At3g01640) to potentially redirect metabolites to AsA.

However, radiotracer experiments with 3H‐myo‐inositol revealed that the mutants in glucuronokinase1 accumulate only glucuronic acid and incorporate less metabolite into cell wall polymers. AsA was not labelled, suggesting that Arabidopsis cannot efficiently use glucuronic acid for AsA biosynthesis.

All four mutants in glucuronokinase as well as the wild type have the same level of AsA in leaves.
Resilience of Critical Infrastructures: Review and Analysis of Current Approaches
Authors: Curt Corinne , Tacnet Jean‐Marc
Published: August 2018

In crisis situations, systems, organizations, and people must react and deal with events that are inherently unpredictable before they occur: vital societal functions and thus infrastructures must be restored or adapted as quickly as possible. This capacity refers to resilience. Progress concerning its conceptualization has been made but it remains difficult to assess and apply in practice. The results of this article stem from a literature review allowing the analysis of current advances in the development of proposals to improve the management of infrastructure resilience. The article: (i) identifies different dimensions of resilience; (ii) highlights current limits of assessing and controlling resilience; and (iii) proposes several directions for future research that could go beyond the current limits of resilience management, but subject to compliance with a number of constraints. These constraints are taking into account different hazards, cascade effects, and uncertain conditions, dealing with technical, organizational, economical, and human domains, and integrating temporal and spatial aspects.