bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Sand Bedload in Rivers by Tracking Dunes: a comparison of methods based on bed elevation time-series
Authors: Leary Kate C. P. , Buscombe Daniel
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Quantifying bedload transport is paramount to the effective management of rivers with sand or gravel-dominated bed material. However, a practical and scalable field methodology for reliably estimating bedload remains elusive. A popular approach involves calculating transport from the geometry and celerity of migrating bedforms, extracted from time-series of bed elevation profiles acquired using echosounders. Various echosounder sampling methodologies of how to extract bed elevations profiles exist. Using two sets of repeat multibeam sonar surveys with large spatio-temporal resolution and coverage, we compute bedload using three field techniques (one actual and two simulated) for acquiring bed elevation profiles: repeat multi-, single-, and multiple single-beam sonar. Significant differences in flux arise between repeat multibeam and single beam sonar. Mulitbeam and multiple single beam sonar systems can potentially yield comparable results, but the latter relies on knowledge of bedform geometries and flow that collectively inform optimal beam spacing and sampling rate. These results serve to guide design of optimal sampling, and for comparing transport estimates from different sonar configurations.
Global simulation of semivolatile organic compounds – development and evaluation of the MESSy submodel SVOC (v1.0)
Authors: Octaviani Mega , Tost Holger , Lammel Gerhard
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The new submodel SVOC for the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) was developed and applied within the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model to simulate the atmospheric cycling and air–surface exchange processes of semivolatile organic pollutants. Our focus is on four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of largely varying properties. Some new features in input and physics parameterizations of tracers were tested: emission seasonality, the size discretization of particulate-phase tracers, the application of poly-parameter linear free-energy relationships in gas–particle partitioning, and re-volatilization from land and sea surfaces. The results indicate that the predicted global distribution of the 3-ring PAH phenanthrene is sensitive to the seasonality of its emissions, followed by the effects of considering re-volatilization from surfaces. The predicted distributions of the 4-ring PAHs fluoranthene and pyrene and the 5-ring PAH benzo(a)pyrene are found to be sensitive to the combinations of factors with their synergistic effects being stronger than the direct effects of the individual factors. The model was validated against observations of PAH concentrations and aerosol particulate mass fraction. The annual mean concentrations are simulated to the right order of magnitude for most cases and the model well captures the species and regional variations. However, large underestimation is found over the ocean. It is found that the particulate mass fraction of the benzo(a)pyrene is well simulated, whereas those of other species are lower than observed.
Using Arctic ice mass balance buoys for evaluation of modelled ice energy fluxes
Authors: West Alex , Collins Mat , Blockley Ed
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over recent decades. Models predict that the Arctic will be nearly ice-free by mid-century, but the spread in predictions of sea ice extent is currently large. The reasons for this spread are poorly understood, partly due to a lack of observations with which the processes by which Arctic atmospheric and oceanic forcing affect sea ice state can be examined. In this study, a method of estimating fluxes of top melt, top conduction, basal conduction and ocean heat flux from Arctic ice mass balance buoy elevation and temperature data is presented. The derived fluxes are used to evaluate modelled fluxes from the coupled climate model HadGEM2-ES in two densely sampled regions of the Arctic, the North Pole and Beaufort Sea. The evaluation shows the model to overestimate the magnitude of summer top melting fluxes, and winter conductive fluxes, results which are physically consistent with an independent sea ice and surface energy evaluation of the same model.
Rainfall estimation from a German-wide commercial microwave link network: Optimized processing and validation for one year of data
Authors: Graf Maximilian , Chwala Christian , Polz Julius , Kunstmann Harald
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Rainfall is one of the most important environmental variables. However, it is a challenge to measure it accurately over space and time. During the last decade commercial microwave links (CMLs) operated by mobile network providers have proven to be an additional source of rainfall information to complement traditional rainfall measurements. In this study we present the processing and evaluation of a German-wide data set of CMLs. This data set was acquired from around 4000 CMLs distributed across Germany with a temporal resolution of one minute. The analyzed period of one year spans from September 2017 to August 2018. We compare and adjust existing processing schemes on this large CML data set. For the crucial step of detecting rain events in the raw attenuation time series, we are able to reduce the amount of miss-classification. This was achieved by a new approach to determine the threshold which separates a rolling window standard deviation of the CMLs signal into wet and dry periods. For the compensation of wet antenna attenuation, we compare a time-dependent model with a rain-rate-dependent model and show that the rain-rate-dependent method performs better for our data. As precipitation reference, we use RADOLAN-RW, a gridded gauge-adjusted hourly radar product of the German Meteorological Service (DWD), from which we derive the path-averaged rain rates along each CML path. Our data processing is able to handle CML data across different landscapes and seasons very well. For hourly, monthly and seasonal rainfall sums we found high agreement between CML-derived rainfall and the reference, except for the cold season with non-liquid precipitation. This analysis shows that opportunistic sensing with CMLs yields rainfall information with a quality similar to gauge-adjusted radar data during periods without non-liquid precipitation.
An evaluation of daily precipitation from a regional atmospheric reanalysis over Australia
Authors: Acharya Suwash Chandra , Nathan Rory , Wang Quan J. , Su Chun-Hsu , Eizenberg Nathan
Published: August 2019

Abstract. An accurate representation of spatio-temporal characteristics of
precipitation fields is fundamental for many hydro-meteorological analyses
but is often limited by the paucity of gauges. Reanalysis models provide
systematic methods of representing atmospheric processes to produce datasets
of spatio-temporal precipitation estimates. The precipitation from the
reanalysis datasets should, however, be evaluated thoroughly before use
because it is inferred from physical parameterization. In this paper, we
evaluated the precipitation dataset from the Bureau of Meteorology
Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia (BARRA) and
compared it against (a) gauged point observations, (b) an interpolated
gridded dataset based on gauged point observations (AWAP – Australian Water Availability Project), and (c) a global
reanalysis dataset (ERA-Interim). We utilized a range of evaluation metrics
such as continuous metrics (correlation, bias, variability, and modified
Kling–Gupta efficiency), categorical metrics, and other statistics (wet-day
frequency, transition probabilities, and quantiles) to ascertain the quality
of the dataset. BARRA, in comparison with ERA-Interim, shows a better
representation of rainfall of larger magnitude at both the point and grid scale
of 5 km. BARRA also more closely reproduces the distribution of wet days and
transition probabilities. The performance of BARRA varies spatially, with
better performance in the temperate zone than in the arid and tropical
zones. A point-to-grid evaluation based on correlation, bias, and modified
Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE′) indicates that ERA-Interim performs on par or
better than BARRA. However, on a spatial scale, BARRA outperforms
ERA-Interim in terms of the KGE′ score and the components of the KGE′ score. Our
evaluation illustrates that BARRA, with richer spatial variations in
climatology of daily precipitation, provides an improved representation of
precipitation compared with the coarser ERA-Interim. It is a useful
complement to existing precipitation datasets for Australia, especially in
sparsely gauged regions.
Improving hydrological projection performance under contrasting climatic conditions using spatial coherence through a hierarchical Bayesian regression framework
Authors: Pan Zhengke , Liu Pan , Gao Shida , Xia Jun , Chen Jie , Cheng Lei
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Understanding the projection performance of hydrological models under
contrasting climatic conditions supports robust decision making, which
highlights the need to adopt time-varying parameters in hydrological
modeling to reduce performance degradation. Many existing studies model
the time-varying parameters as functions of physically based covariates;
however, a major challenge remains in finding effective information to
control the large uncertainties that are linked to the additional parameters
within the functions. This paper formulated the time-varying parameters for
a lumped hydrological model as explicit functions of temporal covariates and
used a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) framework to incorporate the spatial
coherence of adjacent catchments to improve the robustness of the projection
performance. Four modeling scenarios with different spatial coherence
schemes and one scenario with a stationary scheme for model parameters
were used to explore the transferability of hydrological models under
contrasting climatic conditions. Three spatially adjacent catchments in
southeast Australia were selected as case studies to examine the validity of
the proposed method. Results showed that (1) the time-varying function
improved the model performance but also amplified the projection uncertainty
compared with the stationary setting of model parameters, (2) the proposed HB
method successfully reduced the projection uncertainty and improved the
robustness of model performance, and (3) model parameters calibrated over
dry years were not suitable for predicting runoff over wet years because of
a large degradation in projection performance. This study improves our
understanding of the spatial coherence of time-varying parameters, which
will help improve the projection performance under differing climatic
conditions.
Influence of light-absorbing particles on snow spectral irradiance profiles
Authors: Tuzet Francois , Dumont Marie , Arnaud Laurent , Voisin Didier , Lamare Maxim , Larue Fanny , Revuelto Jesus , Picard Ghislain
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Light-absorbing particles (LAPs) such as black carbon or mineral dust are some of the main drivers of snow radiative transfer. Small amounts of LAPs significantly increase snowpack absorption in the visible wavelengths where ice absorption is particularly weak, impacting the surface energy budget of snow-covered areas. However, linking measurements of LAP concentration in snow to their actual radiative impact is a challenging issue which is not fully resolved. In the present paper, we point out a new method based on spectral irradiance profile (SIP) measurements which makes it possible to identify the radiative impact of LAPs on visible light extinction in homogeneous layers of the snowpack. From this impact on light extinction it is possible to infer LAP concentrations present in each layer using radiative transfer theory. This study relies on a unique dataset composed of 26 spectral irradiance profile measurements in the wavelength range 350–950 nm with concomitant profile measurements of snow physical properties and LAP concentrations, collected in the Alps over two snow seasons in winter and spring conditions. For 55 homogeneous snow layers identified in our dataset, the concentrations retrieved from SIP measurements are compared to chemical measurements of LAP concentrations. A good correlation is observed for measured concentrations higher than 5 ng g−1 (r2=0.81) despite a clear positive bias. The potential causes of this bias are discussed, underlining a strong sensitivity of our method to LAP optical properties and to the relationship between snow microstructure and snow optical properties used in the theory. Additional uncertainties such as artefacts in the measurement technique for SIP and chemical contents along with LAP absorption efficiency may explain part of this bias. In addition, spectral information on LAP absorption can be retrieved from SIP measurements. We show that for layers containing a unique absorber, this absorber can be identified in some cases (e.g. mineral dust vs. black carbon). We also observe an enhancement of light absorption between 350 and 650 nm in the presence of liquid water in the snowpack, which is discussed but not fully elucidated. A single SIP acquisition lasts approximately 1 min and is hence much faster than collecting a profile of chemical measurements. With the recent advances in modelling LAP–snow interactions, our method could become an attractive alternative to estimate vertical profiles of LAP concentrations in snow.
Water tracks intensify surface energy and mass exchange in the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys
Authors: Linhardt Tobias , Levy Joseph S. , Thomas Christoph K.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The hydrologic cycle in the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) is mainly controlled by surface energy balance.
Water tracks are channel-shaped high-moisture zones in the active layer of permafrost soils and are important solute and water pathways in the MDV.
We evaluated the hypothesis that water tracks alter the surface energy balance in this dry, cold, and ice-sheet-free environment during summer warming and may therefore be an increasingly important hydrologic feature in the MDV in the face of landscape response to climate change.
The surface energy balance was measured for one water track and two off-track reference locations in Taylor Valley over 26 d of the Antarctic summer of 2012–2013. Turbulent atmospheric fluxes of sensible heat and evaporation were observed using the eddy-covariance method in combination with flux footprint modeling, which was the first application of this technique in the MDV.
Soil heat fluxes were analyzed by measuring the heat storage change in the thawed layer and approximating soil heat flux at ice table depth by surface energy balance residuals. For both water track and reference locations over 50 % of net radiation was transferred to sensible
heat exchange, about 30 % to melting of the seasonally thawed layer, and the remainder to evaporation. The net energy flux in the thawed layer was zero.
For the water track location, evaporation was increased by a factor of 3.0 relative to the reference locations, ground heat fluxes by 1.4, and net radiation by 1.1, while sensible heat fluxes were reduced down to 0.7. Expecting a positive snow and ground ice melt response to climate change in the MDV, we entertained a realistic climate change response scenario in which a doubling of the land cover fraction of water tracks increases the evaporation from soil surfaces in lower Taylor Valley in summer by 6 % to 0.36 mm d−1. Possible climate change pathways leading to this change in landscape are discussed. Considering our results, an expansion of water track area would make new soil habitats accessible, alter soil habitat suitability, and possibly increase biological activity in the MDV. In summary, we show that the surface energy balance of water tracks distinctly differs from that of the dominant dry soils in polar deserts. With an expected increase in area covered by water tracks, our findings have implications for hydrology and soil ecosystems across terrestrial Antarctica.
Extensão universitária: o impacto de um projeto de extensão na formação profissional dos discentes na educação superior
Authors: Canon Carolina Andréa Soto , Pelegrinelli Gisela
Published: August 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar qual o impacto de um projeto de Extensão na formação profissional dos discentes numa Instituição de Educação Superior Privada do Distrito Federal. O projeto do Núcleo de Práticas Jurídicas, “Van Cidadã” do curso de Direito e Serviço Social, é uma unidade móvel de atendimento que visita as comunidades carentes de todo o Distrito Federal levando cidadania, informação, conhecimento, orientação e assistência jurídica gratuita. Para analisar a percepção dos participantes de um projeto de extensão, foi elaborado um questionário com questões relacionadas ao significado e a relevância de exercitar a extensão na vida acadêmica e para a formação profissional. A análise obtida no trabalho aponta que a grande maioria dos entrevistados diz saber o que é um projeto de extensão universitária ou ação extensionista. Da mesma forma, os discentes têm ciência que são aplicados projetos de extensão universitária na Instituição onde estudam. Contudo, ainda há uma minoria dos participantes da pesquisa que relatam dúvidas quanto ao projeto de extensão oportunizar ao acadêmico a prestação de serviços à comunidade e também a preparação para o mercado de trabalho. O atendimento ao público foi a maior contribuição na formação profissional segundo os entrevistados, pois é possível adquirir experiência e despertar novos estudos para o desenvolvimento do trabalho em equipe. Por fim, foi possível observar que os participantes indicariam o Projeto Van Cidadã para os alunos do próximo semestre.
Determinação da qualidade de vinhos artesanais produzidos na Mesorregião do Noroeste Rio-Grandense
Authors: Ambrósio Natália , Venquiaruto Luciana Dornelles , Dallago Rogério Marcos , Franzin Rozelaine De Fatima , Krause João Carlos , Tres Bethina Pascuetti , Nyari Nadia Ligiamara Dewes
Published: August 2019

O vinho é uma bebida obtida da fermentação alcoólica da uva madura e fresca ou do suco de uva fresco. Sua definição bioquímica é caracterizada como bebida proveniente da fermentação alcoólica dos açúcares de suco de uva pelas leveduras e, em alguns casos, pelas bactérias lácticas. A presente pesquisa objetiva conhecer a realidade da qualidade de vinhos artesanais comercializados em feiras de produtores ou adquiridos diretamente em propriedades rurais. Pretende--se analisar quantitativamente, por meio de análises físico-químicas, determinados parâmetros, como: o teor alcoólico e a acidez total de vinhos tintos e brancos produzidos e comercializados na Mesorregião do Noroeste Rio-Grandense. A região em estudo possui uma significativa quantidade de produtores rurais que produzem vinhos para agregar valores às atividades desenvolvidas nas suas propriedades. Os vinhos artesanais são amplamente consumidos na região pesquisada por questões culturais, devido à sua qualidade sensorial diferenciada e também pelos benefícios que traz a saúde, quando consumidos de forma moderada. No caso do vinho, a determinação de acidez e teor alcoólico fornece um dado importante do estado de conservação do produto, umavez que, na produção artesanal do vinho, um dos principais problemas está relacionado com a acidificação precoce do produto mediante a transformação do álcool em ácido acético, já que não há um efetivo controle na hora da fabricação, bem como na conservação do produto, uma vez que as boas práticas de fabricação pouco são conhecidas ou praticadas.
Políticas feministas da vida, palavras finais
Authors: Maizza Fabiana , Vieira Suzane De Alencar
Published: August 2019

Conclusão do Dossiê Ecologia e Feminismo
High-energy Lateral Compression Type 1 Injuries of the Pelvis: A Spectrum of Injury
Authors: Tejwani Nirmal , Stevens Nicole M. , Ganta Abhishek
Published: August 2019

Lateral compression type 1 pelvic fractures comprise a spectrum of injuries of varying stability. The clinician should be cognizant of signs and symptoms of instability including complete sacral fractures, bilateral ramus fractures, displacement greater than 1 cm, high-energy mechanism, and inability to bear weight. Management of these injuries is controversial, but the clinician should consider examination under anesthesia and potentially surgical stabilization.
Innovative connections for precast concrete moment resisting frames
Authors: Behnamfar Farhad , Rafizadeh Hadi , Omidi Mortza
Published: August 2019

This research work presents new details for moment connections in precast concrete structures satisfying both design and practice criteria. In this paper the results of the numerical study on the connections are presented. For the analysis, the ANSYS software is selected because of its diversity in nonlinear analysis. By calculating the monotonic load-displacement curve of each connection, the connections are evaluated for their stiffness, strength, and ductility.

The compressive strength of the connection concrete is taken to be 30, 35 and 40 MPa, for each round of analysis. The results of the analysis show that the proposed connections are stiff enough to be moment resisting and to be emulating an equivalent monolithic, or basic connection. It is illustrated that the connections are stronger but somewhat less ductile than the basic connection regardless of the concrete strengths examined. Moreover, it is shown that in each precast connection while increasing the compressive strength of concrete does not affect the connection stiffness considerably, it increases the ultimate load and ductility of the connection. As a main result of this study, the suggested connection details are categorized based on their stiffness, strength, and ductility. The suggested connections can be used in moment resisting precast concrete buildings based on the desired strength and ductility.
Multinationals and Transparency in Foreign Direct Liability Cases
Authors: Enneking Liesbeth F.H.
Published: August 2019

Multinationals and Transparency in Foreign Direct Liability Cases

On 30 January 2013, the The Hague district court rendered a final judgment with respect to a number of civil liability claims against Royal Dutch Shell (RDS) and its Nigerian subsidiary Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC) that had been pursued by four Nigerian farmers and the Dutch NGO Milieudefensie in relation to various oil spills from SPDC-operated pipelines in the Nigerian Niger Delta. This case is the first Dutch example of a broader, worldwide trend towards similar transnational civil liability procedures against multinational corporations for harm caused to people and planet in developing host countries. This worldwide trend towards so-called ‘foreign direct liability cases’ and the Dutch Shell Nigeria case in particular raise many interesting socio-political as well as legal questions. This article will focus on the question what the prospects are for plaintiffs seeking to pursue such claims before a Dutch court when it comes to obtaining evidence under the Dutch civil procedural regime on the production of exhibits. This is a highly relevant question, since the proceedings in the Dutch Shell Nigeria case seem to indicate that the relatively restrictive Dutch regime on the production of exhibits in civil procedures may potentially impose a structural barrier on the access to remedies before Dutch courts of the victims of corporate violations of people and planet abroad.
The Conflict Minerals Rule
Authors: Vytopil A.L.
Published: August 2019

The Conflict Minerals Rule

This article discusses Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act in respect of the transparency certain American companies are to provide in respect of conflict minerals and the Rule drawn up by the Securities and Exchange Commission following this legislation. It explains the requirements it poses on companies. Moreover, it highlights some of the societal criticism in respect of the Securities and Exchange Commission Rule, the legal challenge of this Rule and the subsequent court verdict by the District Court for the District of Columbia. Finally, it elaborates upon private regulatory initiatives that could provide viable alternatives to conflict minerals legislation, and it concludes that for the Netherlands, private regulation would probably be more effective than legislation comparable to Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act.
A guide to applying the Good Publication Practice 3 Guidelines in the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Hesp Blair , Arai Katsuhisa , Chu Magdalene , Chuah Stefanie , Curameng Jose Miguel , Kamat Sandeep , Ma Zhigang , Sakko Andrew , Fernandez Hazel
Published: August 2019

Numerous recommendations and guidelines aim to improve the quality, timeliness and transparency of medical publications. However, these guidelines use ambiguous language that can be challenging to interpret, particularly for speakers of English as a second language. Cultural expectations within the Asia-Pacific region raise additional challenges. Several studies have suggested that awareness and application of ethical publication practices in the Asia-Pacific region is relatively low compared with other regions. However, guidance on applying ethical publication practice guidelines in the Asia-Pacific region is lacking. This review aims to improve publication practices in the Asia-Pacific region by providing guidance on applying the 10 principles of the Good Publication Practice 3 (GPP3) guidelines and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship. Recommendations are provided for encore presentations, applying the ICMJE authorship criteria in the context of regional cultural expectations, and the role of study sponsors and professional medical writers. Ongoing barriers to compliance with guidelines are also highlighted, and additional guidance is provided to support authors submitting manuscripts for publication. The roles of regional journals, regulatory authorities and professional bodies in improving practices are also discussed.
Reproducible research into human semiochemical cues and pheromones: learning from psychology’s renaissance
Authors: Wyatt Tristram D
Published: August 2019

As with other mammals, smell in the form of semiochemicals is likely to influence the behaviour of humans, as olfactory cues to emotions, health, and mate choice. A subset of semiochemicals, pheromones, chemical signals within a species, have been identified in many mammal species. As mammals, we may have pheromones too. Sadly, the story of molecules claimed to be ‘putative human pheromones’ is a classic example of bad science carried out by good scientists. Much of human semiochemicals research including work on ‘human pheromones’ and olfactory cues comes within the field of psychology. Thus, the research is highly likely to be affected by the ‘reproducibility crisis’ in psychology and other life sciences. Psychology researchers have responded with proposals to enable better, more reliable science, with an emphasis on enhancing reproducibility. A key change is the adoption of study pre-registration which will also reduce publication bias. Human semiochemicals research would benefit from adopting these proposals.
Hole in One: an element reduction approach to modeling bone porosity in finite element analysis
Authors: Santaella Beatriz L , Tseng Z. Jack
Published: August 2019

Finite element analysis has been an increasingly widely used tool in many different science and engineering fields over the last decade. In the biological sciences, there are many examples of its use in areas as paleontology and functional morphology. Despite this common use, the modeling of porous structures such as trabecular bone remains a key issue because of the difficulty of meshing such highly complex geometries during the modeling process. A common practice is to mathematically adjust the boundary conditions (i.e. model material properties) of whole or portions of models that represent trabecular bone. In this study we aimed to demonstrate that a physical, element reduction approach constitutes a valid protocol to this problem in addition to the mathematical approach. We tested a new element reduction modeling script on five exemplar trabecular geometry models of carnivoran temporomandibular joints, and compared stress results of both physical and mathematical approaches to trabecular modeling to models incorporating actual trabecular geometry. Simulation results indicate that that the physical, element reduction approach generally outperformed the mathematical approach. Physical changes in the internal structure of experimental cylindrical models had a major influence on the recorded stress values throughout the model, and more closely approximates values obtained in models containing actual trabecular geometry than solid models with modified trabecular material properties. Therefore, we conclude that for modeling trabecular bone in finite element simulations, maintaining or mimicking the internal porosity of a trabecular structure is recommended as a fast and effective method in place of, or alongside, modification of material property parameters to better approximate trabecular bone behavior observed in models containing actual trabecular geometry.
Redescription ofHargeria rapax(Harger, 1879) and description ofH. chetumalensisa new species from the Mexican Caribbean (Crustacea, Peracarida, Tanaidacea, Leptocheliidae) based upon morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: Jarquín-González Jani , Carrera-Parra Luis F.
Published: August 2019

Until now,Hargeriawas considered a monospecific leptocheliid genus, with the speciesHargeria rapaxconsidered a taxon with a wide distribution, from the Northwestern Atlantic to the Mexican Caribbean. Herein, after a detailed revision of type and topotype materials and specimens collected from the Mexican Caribbean, a new speciesH. chetumalensissp. nov. is described, and the redescription ofH. rapaxis provided. Also, we found a significant genetic divergence between the two species based on the nucleotide sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I, which support the morphological data. The morphological features used to recognize both species are also adequate to link males, females, and juvenile stages, although these species have a high intraspecific polymorphism.
Knowledge and Attitudes on Practices of Occupational Safety and Health in the Informal Non-food Manufacturing Sector in Kampala City, Uganda
Authors: Wekoye Stephen Aurice , Moturi Wilkister Nyaora , Makindi Stanley Maingi
Published: August 2019

The informal non-food manufacturing sector is an engine of growth and development in both developed and developing countries. The sector is unregulated and unregistered in official government statistics. However this particular sector is faced with occupational safety and health hazards without preventive measures. The study assessed knowledge and attitudes on practices of occupational safety and health in the informal non-food manufacturing sector in Kampala City, Uganda. It adopted across sectional survey design that involved both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. A total of 424 firms were sampled from the 6 clusters of the informal sector. Respondents were moderately knowledgeable on hazards with 39.7% compared to 25.5% who reported high level of exposure. Overall the knowledge on occupational safety and health hazards was inadequate while attitude especially on the use of PPE was poor. There was a high level on knowledge towards hazard control measures by complying with the safety measures (PPE 52.6% and good housekeeping 54.4%) although no significant difference was observed in their adherence to control measures. Attitude towards the use of control measures was found to moderate with PPE 62.9% and good housekeeping 61.1% Creation of awareness, training, and application of Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, inspection and enforcement by the relevant regulatory agency as well as proactive multi-media strategies to improve the situation is recommended.
Growth and Development of Passion Fruit Seedlings under Irrigation with Salt Water and Biofertilizer
Authors: Mesquita Francisco De Oliveira , Rodrigues Patricya Lorenna De Brito , Meireles Ana Célia Maia , Cardoso José Leonardo Noronha , Ribeiro Thiago De Souza , Souto Antônio Gustavo de Luna , Azevedo Francisco Roberto de , Medeiros Salomão De Sousa , Batista Rafael Oliveira
Published: August 2019

The yellow passion fruit is a plant climbing botanically that has a good geographical distribution in Brazil, with more than 150 species in the country. The presence of salts in soil and irrigation water is one of the main obstacles in agriculture in the world, caused by low rainfall and high evapotranspirative rates causing the salts to accumulate in the soil. However, alternatives have been sought to try to mitigate such limitations of seedling production, such as the use of biofertilizers in the soil. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the growth and development of yellow passion fruit seedlings under the effects of irrigation water salinity and the use of bovine biofertilizer on the substrate. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the Center for Agrarian Sciences and Biodiversity, from october/2017 tomarch/2018, in county of Crato-Ceara, Brazil. The substrate used was the first 20 cm material of a yellow Red Argisol. The experimental design was completely randomized design (C.R.D) in a factorial scheme 5x2, referring to the electrical conductivity values ​​of the irrigation water: 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, in the soil without and with common biofertilizer, with three replicates. The biofertilizer, after being diluted in non-saline water (0.5 dS m-1) in the ratio of 1:3, was applied only once to 10% of the substrate volume two days before sowing. The increase in the salinity of irrigation water negatively affected the initial behavior of the passion fruit seedlings in terms of growth and development, especially in the treatments that did not receive the organic feed.
Projeto Juventude Semeando Terra Solidária: Avanços e Limites
Authors: Zuanazzi Natanael Ricardo , Martins Suely Aparecida
Published: August 2019

A discussão em torno de temáticas como trabalho, educação e movimentos sociais se apresenta com considerável importância e nos remete a análise de um processo de formação que envolve ambos os temas, o Projeto Juventude Semeando Terra Solidaria. Nos propomos neste trabalho analisar tal projeto desenvolvido pela FETRAF-SUL/CUT em parceria com a UFFS e o MDA, procurando contextualizara temática de estudo debatendo sobre o processo histórico e dialético de reestruturação produtiva, destacando seus desdobramentos na agricultura brasileira, debatendo como esse contexto influenciou e influencia para a divisão das classes sociais e a relações de classe no campo brasileiro. Analisando como essas relações anteriormente citadas influenciam especificamente sobre o projeto objeto deste estudo, identificamos que: A percepção da FETRAF-SUL/CUT sobre a categoria de agricultor familiar não está bem definida teoricamente; A opção teórica da FETRAF-SUL/CUT não parte de forma clara do materialismo histórico dialético; Esta indefinição teórica é determinante para sua ação política; O Projeto Juventude Semeando Terra Solidária assume um projeto de desenvolvimento que indica a manutenção de uma proposta de agricultura e não a superação de um modelo produtivo; Embora os limites teóricos apresentados, é um processo de formação que, mesmo não contemplando de forma integral, mas se concretiza como um grande avanço para a FETRAF/SUL-CUT, pois embora seu posicionamento teórico é confuso e não definido, será em ambientes formativos que o mesmo irá se definir.
Teoria, política e conjuntura nos editoriais da Revista Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate
Authors: Da Costa Neto Pedro Leão
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo é propor um balanço introdutório dos Editoriais da revista “Germinal: marxismo e educação em debate” procurando indicar como o seu projeto editorial se manifesta ao longo de dez anos.
Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate: 10 anos!!
Authors: Orso Paulino José
Published: August 2019

Editores Avaliam 10 anos da Revista
Determinações e Contradições na Produção de Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate - notas para estudos futuros!!
Authors: Peixoto Elza Margarida de Mendonça
Published: August 2019

Um periódico que reivindica o marxismo completa 10 anos de existência em um momento de crise mundial do capitalismo, cujas classes que dele tiraram vantagem absoluta, com a força dos que agonizam, atacam ferozmente as bases de todo e qualquer projeto que lhe seja antagônico: as práticas e a história dos movimentos sociais, dos povos de/em luta, da classe trabalhadora; a teoria marxista e o comunismo como projeto histórico. Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate pode sobreviver? Cumpre o desafio do balanço do papel da revista nestes 10 anos.
Chemically Exfoliated VSe2 Monolayers with Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: Yu Wei , Li Jing , Herng Tun Seng , Wang Zishen , Zhao Xiaoxu , Chi Xiao , Fu Wei , Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Zhou Jun , Dan Jiadong , Chen Zhongxin , Chen Zhi , Li Zejun , Lu Jiong , Pennycook Stephen J. , Feng Yuan Ping , Ding Jun , Loh Kian Ping
Published: August 2019

Among van der Waals layered ferromagnets, monolayer vanadium diselenide (VSe2) stands out due to its robust ferromagnetism. However, the exfoliation of monolayer VSe2 is challenging, not least because the monolayer flake is extremely unstable in air. Using an electrochemical exfoliation approach with organic cations as the intercalants, monolayer 1T‐VSe2 flakes are successfully obtained from the bulk crystal at high yield. Thiol molecules are further introduced onto the VSe2 surface to passivate the exfoliated flakes, which improves the air stability of the flakes for subsequent characterizations. Room‐temperature ferromagnetism is confirmed on the exfoliated 2D VSe2 flakes using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and magnetic force microscopy (MFM), where the monolayer flake displays the strongest ferromagnetic properties. Se vacancies, which can be ubiquitous in such materials, also contribute to the ferromagnetism of VSe2, although density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that such effect can be minimized by physisorbed oxygen molecules or covalently bound thiol molecules.
Machine learning predictions of electronic couplings for charge transport calculations of P3HT
Authors: Miller Evan D. , Jones Matthew L. , Henry Mike M. , Stanfill Bryan , Jankowski Eric
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this work is to lower the computational cost of predicting charge mobilities in organic semiconductors, which will benefit the screening of candidates for inexpensive solar power generation. We characterize efforts to minimize the number of expensive quantum chemical calculations we perform by training machines to predict electronic couplings between monomers of poly‐(3‐hexylthiophene). We test five machine learning techniques and identify random forests as the most accurate, information‐dense, and easy‐to‐implement approach for this problem, achieving mean‐absolute‐error of 0.02 [× 1.6 × 10−19 J], R2 = 0.986, predicting electronic couplings 390 times faster than quantum chemical calculations, and informing zero‐field hole mobilities within 5% of prior work. We discuss strategies for identifying small effective training sets. In sum, we demonstrate an example problem where machine learning techniques provide an effective reduction in computational costs while helping to understand underlying structure–property relationships in a materials system with broad applicability.
Exploiting Cofactor Versatility to Convert a FAD‐Dependent Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenase into a Ketoreductase
Authors: Xu Jian , Peng Yongzhen , Wang Zhiguo , Hu Yujing , Fan Jiajie , Zheng He , Lin Xianfu , Wu Qi
Published: August 2019

Cyclohexanone monooxygenases (CHMOs) show very high catalytic specificity for natural Baeyer–Villiger (BV) reactions and promiscuous reduction reactions have not been reported to date. Wild‐type CHMO from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 was found to possess an innate, promiscuous ability to reduce an aromatic α‐keto ester, but with poor yield and stereoselectivity. Structure‐guided, site‐directed mutagenesis drastically improved the catalytic carbonyl‐reduction activity (yield up to 99 %) and stereoselectivity (ee up to 99 %), thereby converting this CHMO into a ketoreductase, which can reduce a range of differently substituted aromatic α‐keto esters. The improved, promiscuous reduction activity of the mutant enzyme in comparison to the wild‐type enzyme results from a decrease in the distance between the carbonyl moiety of the substrate and the hydrogen atom on N5 of the reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor, as confirmed using docking and molecular dynamics simulations.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Functionalization of Unactivated Indole C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: Ma Dengke , Zhang Zhihan , Chen Min , Lin Zhenyang , Sun Jianwei
Published: August 2019

Described here is a direct catalytic asymmetric functionalization of unactivated alkyl indoles using organocatalysis. In the presence of an effective chiral urea catalyst and a phosphoric acid additive, the intermolecular C−C bond formation between alkyl indoles and trifluoropyruvates proceeded with high efficiency and enantiocontrol. Unlike previous asymmetric C(sp3−H) functionalizations of α‐azaarenes, this process does not require the use of either a strong base or an electron‐deficient substrate. The excellent enantiocontrol is particularly noteworthy in view of the severe background reaction as well as the complete inability of other types of catalysts evaluated. Control experiments, kinetic studies, and DFT calculations provided important insights into the mechanism.
Synthesis and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of biodegradable poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐ethylene succinate)s
Authors: Li Wenxu , Guan Xinmei , Zhan Yifei , Xiao Hongyan , Lin Shaojian , Lan Jianwu
Published: August 2019

In the current work, a series of biodegradable poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐ethylene succinate)s (P[ET‐co‐ES]s) were prepared via a traditional melting polycondensation method. First of all, the structures of prepared copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared measurements. Meanwhile, the thermal properties of prepared samples were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measurements, respectively. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of the P(ET‐co‐ES)s were evaluated, the tensile strength of P(ET‐co‐ES)s decreased with increasing of PES content in copolymer, however, corresponding P(ET‐co‐ES)s exhibited better elongation at break. Next, the biodegradability of P(ET‐co‐ES)s was evaluated using lipase as degrading enzyme. The results presented that the biodegradability of P(ET‐co‐ES)s improved with PES content, the corresponding results were supported by scanning electron microscopy test. Finally, the Mo's modified Avrami equation was employed to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of prepared copolymers. The results showed the addition of the PES component improved the crystallization properties of the prepared P(ET‐co‐ES)s. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48422.
Enabling High Performance Potassium‐Based Dual‐Graphite Battery Cells by Highly Concentrated Electrolytes
Authors: Münster Patrick , Heckmann Andreas , Nölle Roman , Winter Martin , Beltrop Kolja , Placke Tobias
Published: August 2019

This work studies an advanced potassium dual‐graphite battery (DGB) cell system based on a highly concentrated electrolyte (HCE), i. e., potassium bis(fluorosulfonylimide) (KFSI) in ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC). Structural and electrochemical properties of the designated KFSI/EMC electrolyte are investigated and discussed at different concentrations (1.0 M–4.0 M). Ionic aggregation at high salt concentrations leads to enhanced electrochemical stability and pushes the oxidative stability limit beyond 5 V vs. K|K+. Based on those results, the electrochemical performance with graphite as positive and negative electrode active material in graphite||K metal cells is presented. For potassium intercalation into graphite, an impressive capacity retention and rate capability is found for the EC‐free HCEs (EC=ethylene carbonate), outperforming potassium electrolytes used in the literature. New insights into the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are presented and confirm improved electrochemical performance. Additionally, high salt concentrations in the electrolyte stabilize the aluminium (Al) current collector and enable reversible intercalation of FSI anions into the graphite positive electrode. Furthermore, reversible cycling in DGB cells is shown and a capacity fading mechanism based on parasitic side reactions causing K+ ion accumulation in the negative electrode, followed by K metal plating, is comprehensively evaluated.
Oleaginous yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii shows fermentative metabolism of sugars in the biosynthesis of ethanol and converts raw glycerol and cheese whey permeate into polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Fabricio Mariana Fensterseifer , Valente Patricia , Záchia Ayub Marco Antônio
Published: August 2019

We studied the biotechnological potential of the recently isolated yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii BI281A to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids and ethanol, comparing products yields using glucose, raw glycerol from biodiesel synthesis, or whey permeate as substrates. The yeast metabolism was evaluated for different C/N ratios (100:1 and 50:1). Results found that M. guilliermondii BI281A was able to assimilate all tested substrates, and the most efficient conversion obtained was observed using raw glycerol as carbon source (C/N ratio 50:1), concerning biomass formation (5.67 g·L−1) and lipid production (1.04 g·L−1), representing 18% of dry cell weight. Bioreactors experiments under pH and aeration‐controlled conditions were conducted. Obtained fatty acids were composed of ~67% of unsaturated fatty acids, distributed as palmitoleic acid (C16:1, 9.4%), oleic acid (C18:1, 47.2%), linoleic acid (C18:2 n−6, 9.6%), and linolenic acid (C18:3 n−3, 1.3%). Showing fermentative metabolism, which is unusual for oleaginous yeasts, M. guilliermondii produced 13.7 g·L−1 of ethanol (yields of 0.27) when growing on glucose medium. These results suggest the promising use of this uncommonly studied yeast to produce unsaturated fatty acids and ethanol using cheap agro‐industrial residues as substrates in bioprocess.