bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food procurement in English-language Canadian public schools: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Holmes Shawna
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the changes to procurement for school food environments in Canada as a response to changes to nutrition regulations at the provincial level. Interviews with those working in school food environments across Canada revealed how changes to the nutrition requirements of foods and beverages sold in schools presented opportunities to not only improve the nutrient content of the items made available in school food environments, but also to include local producers and/or school gardens in procuring for the school food environment. At the same time, some schools struggle to procure nutritionally compliant foods due to increased costs associated with transporting produce to rural, remote, or northern communities as well as logistic difficulties like spoilage. Although the nutrition regulations have facilitated improvements to food environments in some schools, others require more support to improve the overall nutritional quality of the foods and beverages available to students at school.
Creating a local food procurement community of practice: The Alberta Flavour Learning Lab
Authors: Beckie Mary Anne , Hedberg Leanne , Radies Jessie
Published: January 2019

In order for local food initiatives (LFIs) to have a transformative effect on the larger food system, greater levels of economic, organizational and physical scale are needed. One way for LFIs to reach the scale necessary to generate a more significant impact is through increased institutional procurement of local foods. But how do people and organizations come together to generate the social infrastructure required to shift food purchasing practices and processes? This field report shares the story of an innovative community of practice consisting of institutional food buyers, large-scale distributors, regional retailers, processors, producers, researchers, municipal and provincial government representatives within the Edmonton city-region that formed for the express purpose of “creating a positive community impact by getting more local foods on more local plates”. In describing the formation and first three years of the Alberta Flavour Learning Lab we examine the unique characteristics of this community of practice that has aided the development of a common framework for learning, understanding and joint action. In addition to the accomplishments to date, we also discuss the challenges faced by the Learning Lab and the strategies used to overcome them.
Disruptive innovation and operationalization in local and sustainable food systems: Examining the University of Toronto-Local Food Plus partnership
Authors: Stahlbrand Lori
Published: January 2019

This paper traces the partnership between the University of Toronto and the non-profit Local Food Plus (LFP) to bring local sustainable food to its St. George campus. At its launch, the partnership represented the largest purchase of local sustainable food at a Canadian university, as well as LFP’s first foray into supporting institutional procurement of local sustainable food. LFP was founded in 2005 with a vision to foster sustainable local food economies. To this end, LFP developed a certification system and a marketing program that matched certified farmers and processors to buyers. LFP emphasized large-scale purchases by public institutions. Using information from in-depth semi-structured key informant interviews, this paper argues that the LFP project was a disruptive innovation that posed a challenge to many dimensions of the established food system. The LFP case study reveals structural obstacles to operationalizing a local and sustainable food system. These include a lack of mid-sized infrastructure serving local farmers, the domination of a rebate system of purchasing controlled by an oligopolistic foodservice sector, and embedded government support of export agriculture. This case study is an example of praxis, as the author was the founder of LFP, as well as an academic researcher and analyst.
Self-operated vs. corporate contract: A study of food procurement at two universities in Manitoba
Authors: Bohunicky Michaela , Desmarais Annette Aurélie , Entz Meghan
Published: January 2019

Public institutions are increasingly being pressured to demonstrate how they are meeting their responsibilities and obligations to sustainability. Yet there is little academic research on food procurement at universities in Canada. This article examines issues related to procurement of local and sustainable food at two academic institutions in Manitoba: the University of Winnipeg (UW) and the University of Manitoba (UM). Following Brown et al.’s (2012) call for transformational change, we argue that the experiences at each university demonstrate that a food system transformation can best occur by moving away from corporate food service contracts. The ability to do so is dependent on a number of other factors including, but not limited to: political will of the administration, student activism and support from non-university sectors.
From contracts to culture: Exploring how to leverage local, sustainable food purchasing by institutions for food systems change
Authors: Reynolds Jennifer , Hunter Beth
Published: January 2019

In recent years, certain hospitals, schools, and campuses across Canada have shown that they can transform their practices to serve more local and sustainable food. These changes have often been led by visionary champions, and in some cases aided by supportive public policies or programs. Yet the presence of these isolated success stories has so far not proven sufficient to tip a critical mass of institutions towards sustainability. There is great potential in leveraging institutional foodservices, with an estimated $8.5 billion market sales in Canada in 2016 (fsStrategy, 2016), to shift systems towards greater sustainability. In 2014, Food Secure Canada and the McConnell Foundation launched an action-research project and embarked on a learning journey to explore two key questions: how can food service operations and procurement practices be changed to increase local, sustainable institutional procurement; and how can this work be scaled. In 2014–2016, eight institutional food projects across Canada came together as a national Learning Group. Drawing from their experiences working in different contexts and scales, our action research project identified program and policy innovations to leverage systems change. This article explores how institutions currently buy food, and reveals the systemic barriers to increasing local, sustainable food procurement. We share lessons learned about the interplay of menus, food service operations, contracts, institutional demand, and food culture that helped to overcome these barriers. We identify enabling, peer-based learning and support as particularly relevant in a national context for the scaling out, up, and deep of local, sustainable food procurement.
Greening Canada’s Arctic food system: Local food procurement strategies for combating food insecurity
Authors: Chen Angel , Natcher David
Published: January 2019

Across northern Canada community gardens and greenhouses are being used as alternatives to imported foods that are often unaffordable, are of compromised quality, or simply unavailable in local retail outlets. Community gardens and greenhouses are seen as part of the solution to lessen local reliance on costly nutrient-poor market foods imported from the south. In spite of their acknowledged benefits, research on community gardens and greenhouses in northern Canada, including their numbers and locations, remains sparse and anecdotal. The objectives of this research were to inventory and map community gardens and greenhouses in northern Canada, encompassing Labrador, Nunavik, Nunavut, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories.  This inventory represents an initial stage of research that will determine the extent to which community gardens and greenhouses, as local procurement strategies, are meeting the food needs of northern residents. This research is part of a circumpolar research project supported by the Arctic Council’s Sustainable Development Working Group, which is examining the opportunities for the Arctic to become a self-sustaining food-producing region.
El “hysterodio”
Authors: Neuburger Roberto P.
Published: January 2019

Se expone una breve indagación psicoanalítica acerca de la pasión del odio y su relación con el deseo, sobre la base de presentaciones clínicas realizadas durante la práctica hospitalaria. Se evalúa el decurso de dicho “afecto” en la estructura histérica, que hace mención a los recursos con que la medicina encubre o ignora el descubrimiento del inconsciente. El artículo ejemplifica, además, con referencias de la literatura analítica, así como con instantes de textos de una pieza musical e historias cinematográficas. Por último, se deja en suspenso el interrogante que surge durante la intervención en la transferencia, ya sin el recurso idealizador y esquemático posfreudiano que se menciona en el transcurso del texto.
Por qué los hombres odian a las mujeres
Authors: Lutereau Luciano
Published: January 2019

En el presente artículo se consideran distintas figuras del odio hacia las mujeres: el fundamento edípico de la misoginia, el estrago en la relación madre-hija, la violencia física, la cuestión de los halagos y las nuevas formas de violencia. De esta manera, antes que presuponer un concepto unificado, se elabora una variación de acuerdo con diferentes aristas de un fenómeno complejo. Es así como puede relacionarse el odio con la violencia, pero sin reducir el uno a la otra, en particular al momento de iluminar diferentes perspectivas como la de la orientación clínica que conserva su riqueza para destacar ciertos detalles de la vida cotidiana y establecer diferentes hipótesis causales que eviten la interpretación lineal de hechos.
El odio en la clínica del duelo
Authors: Vargas Castro David Andrés
Published: January 2019

Sirviéndonos principalmente de elaboraciones freudianas, este texto busca dar cuenta de las manifestaciones del odio en el duelo. Para ello, revisaremos algunos desarrollos planteados en “Duelo y melancolía” a la luz de textos previos y posteriores. También se articulará la ambivalencia con el destino de las pulsiones y con el asesinato del padre de la horda, siendo los sueños de muerte —de personas queridas— una vía regia para el complejo de Edipo. Tomaremos a la culpa como índice del odio, ubicando tempranas articulaciones freudianas con la propuesta lacaniana de “estar de duelo por quienes hemos sido su falta”. Elisabeth von R. será un ejemplo paradigmático de este desarrollo que finalizará con algunas consecuencias para la práctica psicoanalítica.
¿Qué puede decir el psicoanálisis sobre la ética frente al fascismo?
Authors: Palma Florián Cristian Jesús
Published: January 2019

Comprender el fascismo como construcción histórica permite diferenciarlo de aquellos fenómenos que en la opinión pública, así como en algunos lugares de la academia, son etiquetados con ese nombre; permite asimismo diferenciar sus efectos y expresiones de la lógica que lo instituye en el lazo social. Las sociedades fascistas ponen en juego un goce similar al que se promueve hoy desde el mercado, generando relaciones totalitaristas similares en la subjetividad. Todo esto hace comprensible la emergencia de formas fascistas de relación en la contemporaneidad; de allí que resulte preciso entender cómo circula el goce en la vida de grupo y cuál es la singularidad que instituye el fascismo en la relación con ese goce, como un efecto de la profundización del imperativo categórico de la modernidad.
Creación de organizaciones públicas en Colombia: ¿Importan el sector y las funciones?
Authors: González Camilo Ignacio , Tanco Cruz Luisa Fernanda
Published: January 2019

En el presente artículo se pone a prueba la relación que existe entre la creación de organizaciones públicas en Colombia, las funciones que estas ejercen y el sector de política pública al que pertenecen. Asimismo, se examina si esta relación está mediada por los diferentes estilos de reforma que, desde 1990, han buscado favorecer a organizaciones públicas que ejercen ciertos tipos de funciones en ciertos sectores de política pública. Para esto, se realizó un mapeo de organizaciones públicas en Colombia desde 1990 hasta el 2015. La información recolectada se analizó por medio de una regresión logística. Los resultados muestran que en Colombia solo las funciones de formulación de políticas públicas y de regulación en sectores económicos explican la creación de organizaciones públicas, y que se ha privilegiado la creación de entidades con poca autonomía legal.
Contabilidad, Política y Estado: propuestas de implantación del método de partida doble en la Contabilidad Pública española y las negativas consecuencias de su rechazo (1849-1894)
Authors: Guzmán-Raja Isidoro , Gutiérrez-Hidalgo Fernando
Published: January 2019

El objeto del artículo es el estudio de los diferentes intentos de implantación del métodocontable de partida doble en la contabilidad pública española durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, a cuyo fin es objeto de examen la normativa perfilada por los distintos gobiernos españoles a lo largo del citado periodo. En el trabajo se exponen y analizan las razones de los fracasos de dichas propuestas, pudiéndose concluir que dicho objetivo no pudo ser alcanzado debido a la apatía de la clase política de la época por el citado método contable, dado que su aplicación perjudicaba indirectamente sus intereses.
From Utopia to Reality: Trans-Formation of Pedagogical Knowledge in English Language Teacher Education
Authors: Quintero Polo Álvaro Hernán
Published: January 2019

In this article the author reports on a study of some English language student-teachers’ trans-formations of knowledge about language education. The question that guided the study was: How are English language student-teachers’ formative pedagogical and research experiences portrayed in a transformative and critical outlook for initial teacher education? Reflections, perceptions, and conceptions served as data and were collected by means of diaries, interviews, and degree projects or monographs. From the analysis of data, two main themes emerged: “Going Back and Forth from Utopia to Reality” and “EFL Student-Teachers as Novice Critical Researchers”. A conclusion was that the participants’ trans-formations mediated by pedagogical and research agendas represented alternatives with high levels of sensitivity towards socially associated issues in language education.
Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development... Now in Scopus!
Authors: Cárdenas Melba Libia , Nieto Cruz María Claudia
Published: January 2019

We are pleased to open this edition with this good news: Starting this year, the contents of the journal will be indexed in Scopus database. Let us remember that Scopus is the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature in the world. It includes scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. In the Colombian context, Scopus is considered a key database, which has a great impact in the evaluation of the quality and visibility of the journals. Being part of it becomes a parameter for the classification of academic journals in the national indexing system.
Investigation of Intercultural Competence: CDA of EFL Students’ Baseline Portfolios
Authors: Hazaea Abduljalil
Published: January 2019

In monocultural classes, Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students have to acquire not only linguistic competence but also to develop Intercultural Competence (IC) when they read and write in English. This article investigates IC scattered in EFL students’ baseline portfolios collected in an enrichment critical reading class at the Preparatory Year of Najran University. IC is operationalised as intercultural attitude, intercultural knowledge and intercultural skills evident as discourses in intercultural texts. The data comprises semi-structured interview and intercultural assignment, which is an encounter discourse to intercultural text. A qualitative empirical research design was used to analyze the data through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) techniques. The findings indicate that IC is underdeveloped. Most of the participants represent negative attitude towards intercultural communication. They also lack appropriate intercultural knowledge and effective intercultural skills. The findings suggest that EFL teaching and learning practices need to shift towards a more intercultural perspective.
The Knowledge and Practices of Women of Child Bearing Age towards Safe Motherhood in Ekiti State
Authors: A.S. (Ph.D) Okhakhume , V.A Okhakhume
Published: January 2019

Knowledge about safe motherhood practices could help reduce pregnancy related health risks. This study examined knowledge of safe motherhood among women of childbearing age in Ekiti state of Nigeria.

The study employed, a cross sectional descriptive research to investigate the knowledge, and practice of women of child bearing age towards safe mother-hood in Ekiti State.  The target populations were women of child bearing age in the Public Health Institutions in Ekiti state.

The results revealed that the knowledge of safe motherhood practices among Child Bearing Mothers (CBMs) were considered adequate (77.9%).  Also, the result further indicated that immunization practices of CBMs was excellently adequate (97.6%) since it met the above acceptable standard by WHO.  Additionally, the nutritional practices among CBMs were considered adequate (77.2%). Further, the competency of the health personnel according to CBMs was very adequate (80.8%) since it met the above acceptable standard by WHO.  Moreover, availability and accessibility of facilities for safe motherhood according to CBMs was a little above average (55.4%).  The result further showed that maternal educational level had significant effect on all the safe motherhood practices, Knowledge of SM [F(5,157)=6.026, p<.001]; Nutritional practices of SM [F(5,157)=8.848, p<.001]; Immunization practices of SM [F(5,157)=12.366, p<.001]; Personal hygiene practice [F(5,157)=2.934, p<.05]; Competency of the health personnel [F(5,157)=6.913, p<.001];  Factors that determine underutilization of SM [F(5,157)=2.436, p<.05]; Availability and accessibility for SM [F(5,157)=4.331, p<.001] & Family planning practice of SM [F(5,157)=11.039, p<.001].

Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that there were adequate knowledge of safe motherhood practices among CBMs in Ekiti State.  Secondly, there were adequate nutritional practices among CBMs in Ekiti State.  Thirdly, the immunization practices among CBMs in Ekiti State were excellently adequate. Finally, the personal hygiene practices among CBMs in Ekiti State were more than adequate.  It was therefore recommended that health educators, institutions and other health professional should design better educational strategies to improve health education practices among CBMs in the area of study. Secondly, seminars and workshop should be organized for CBMs to improve their utilization of MCH services.
Role of Education of Diabetes to Controlling Plasma Glucose, BMI, Cholesterol, Blood Pressure in Central Hospital Nampula.
Authors: Varma MD Dr Madhumati
Published: January 2019

Mozambique is located on the East Coast of Africa. In this country, obesity, poor knowledge regarding diabetes, and a lack of awareness of the complications of diabetes are prevalent. Furthermore, most of the population utilizes traditional healers for the treatment of diabetes. There are unhealthy food habits, a sedentary lifestyle in the urban population, and increased economic growth among office-related professions, which is one of the risk factors that cause diabetes and its complications. Currently, no study has been conducted for patients on the effects of education in various modalities of diabetes. Accordingly, there is an extreme need to educate diabetic patients to improve their control of diabetes and to reduce its complications.   Adequate medical management and proper lifestyle measures should start directly at the time of the diagnosis of diabetes, which can result in the diabetic individual living a life just as cheerful as that of a non-diabetic person. However, this objective requires proper counselling of the patient specifically at the time of diagnosis, which can be achieved by well-planned educational programs that target the newly diagnosed diabetic individual and create awareness about diabetes.  In central hospital Nampula in diabetic OPD, three education sessions were organized, at an interval of one month (baseline, first follow up and second follow up). Each participant was evaluated in each session regarding their BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose, cholesterol concentrations. The statistical analysis showed strong significantly positive correlation effects with glucose to BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol on controlling each of these parameters. Prior to the commencement of the baseline education session, an evaluation of the evolution of patient knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus (the pretest) was performed. At the end of the second follow up, a posttest was performed, which showed strong significant increases in the knowledge of diabetes.
Deoxidizing effect on the low-alloyed steel's nonmetallic inclusion's compositions
Authors: Serov G. V. , Komissarov A. A. , Tikhonov S. M. , Sidorova E. P. , Kushnerev I. V. , Mishnev P. A. , Kuznetsov D. V.
Published: January 2019

The investigating results are given in the article for the deoxidizing effect on the non-metallic inclusion compositions tubes steels melted in the vacuum induction furnaces with periclase lining. The oxygen thermodynamic activity was calculated for the lanthanum, cerium, alumina and yttrium melts during four heats. The magnesia spinel inclusion's formation condition was evaluated depending on the deoxidizer's used and on the deoxidizing depth. It was shown how the reduced alumina concentration during the steel ladle treatment governs the non-metal inclusions' compositions and on the possibility of their modification during the commercial tubes steels melting.
The periclase-chromite refractory decomposition by the action of the pulverized coal and gas medium in course of copper-sulfide raw materials processing
Authors: Klyushnikov A. M. , Selivanov E. N. , Pikulin K. V. , Belyaev V. V. , Lebed' A. B. , Udoeva L. Yu.
Published: January 2019

The investigating results are given for the periclase-chromite refractories' composition and structure which are in contact with the pulverized coal and gas medium in the coppersulfide smelting furnaces. The high-temperature burnt copper concentrate and the sulfur dioxide gas suspensions combined action changes the surface and deep refractories layers chemical composition, with that the impurities content reach the value in weight percent: Fe 54,0, Cu 7,2, Zn 6,4, S 1,8. The refractory's surface layer saturation with the iron and non-ferrous metals oxides decreases the porosity and gives rise to low-melting compositions and eutectics. The refractory decomposition is induced by the shelling of the refractory surface layers with the filled porous taking place in course of the heating-cooling cycling because of the phase's thermal linear expansion coefficients. When the spent refractory disposal, it is feasible to separate mechanically the surface layer for the non-ferrous metals extracting, the rest part can be used for obtaining the refractory powder of various purpose.
The fused corundum's chemical purity improving by means of high-temperature roasting
Authors: Belyaev G. E. , Vlaskin M. S. , Grigоrenko A. V. , Zhuk A. Z. , Lipatova I. A. , Shkol'nikov E. I.
Published: January 2019

The experiments were carried out to show that it was possible to raise the chemical purity of the electrically fused alumina powders by means of the high-temperature (about 1750 °C) vacuum (about 10–5 mm Hg) roasting. Three samples of the commercial fused corundum were heat-treated, the samples having different size grading and impurity composition, after the treatment the impurity level turned out to be ten times as less: the samples were almost completely cleared off Na, Mg, K, Mn, Cu and Zn impurities, the iron content decreased by the factor of 8‒10. It was determined that the samples were built up of the porous pellets of the size of 16‒60 microns, formed out of the solid micro-particles of the size of 0,4‒0,7 microns. The pellets' specific surface area was within the 2,8 and 3,3 cm/gram.
Metakaolin test for the chemically bound water
Authors: Vdovin K. N. , Pivovarova K. G. , Ponamareva T. B. , Feoktistov N. A.
Published: January 2019

The technique is presented for the chemically bound water determination in metakaolin (the mass fraction of water being within 0,5 and 5 %) using the ELTRA (Germany) CW-800M infrared spectrometer analyzer at 900 °C. The analysis of one sample lasts within 5 and 6 minutes, this allows to control for the metakaolin the incoming samples and not to pass the defective product into operation. It was shown that the analysis for the water can be carried out at 600°C, given that the analysis lasts 20‒22 minutes. The developed technique of the metakoalin test for chemically bound water has the acceptable accuracy and convergence.
Highly porous granulated corundum aggregate prepared out of alumina-polystyrene-foam mixture. Part 8. The well-targeted drying and firing schedulers for the raw corundum pellets
Authors: Sokov V. N.
Published: January 2019

The results of the raw corundum pellets drying condition investigation confrmed completely the supposition that the alumina-polystyrene-foam mixtures have the low sensitivity to the drying conditions. This fact allowed to combine the drying and the fring in one thermal vessel. As the vigorous evolution of the hydrolysis products and the polystyrene foam burning can damage the raw pellets, the heating rate should be set so that to give the gaseous products time to diﬀuse out of the material without breaching its structure. The well-targeted fring scheduler is proposed in the article.Ill.5.
The current status and industrial perspectives of the kyanite application in the refractory and foundry facing materials
Authors: Zavertkin A. S. , Shchiptsov V. V.
Published: January 2019

The investigating results are given for the kyanite concentrate using in both the refractory and the facing materials for the iron founding and for the stone casting, as well as for the Investment shells in the precision steel casting.Ill.2. Ref. 20. Tab. 2.
The assignment of abrasive-jet machining condition for the Si3N4-ceramic components processing taking into account the surface layer's different phases' stress state
Authors: Kuzin V. V. , Fedorov M. Yu. , Volosova M. A.
Published: January 2019

The inﬂuence of the force and thermal actions specifc to the abrasive-jet machining on the stress conditions which diﬀerent phases were subjected to in the Si3N4-ceramics's surface layer was investigated in the article. On base of the defned regularities the approach was proposed to select the abrasive-jet machining conditions for of both the frst and last processing operations.Ill. 5. Ref. 27. Tab. 1.
The Al2O3-3D-ceramics' structure changing when sintering
Authors: Bogdanov S. P. , Sychev M. M. , Lebedev L. A.
Published: January 2019

It was proposed to regard the ceramic products with periodic topology as the systems having the multilevel organized structures. The development of the structure was studied at diﬀerent scales levels after the sintering at 1700 °С for the corundum ceramics prepared by 3D-printing. The peculiarities of the geometry change were shown for the 3d-printed layered structure, for the material's grain structure and for the crystal lattice parameters of the α-Al2O3grains.Ill. 5. Ref.8.
Investigation on microstructural, physical and mechanical properties of AA6082/(SiC + + Graphite) hybrid composites
Authors: Sharma P. , Dabra V. , Sharma S. , Khanduja D. , Sharma N. , Sharma R. , Saini K.
Published: January 2019

The current research work prominences on the development of hybrid aluminium (AA6082) matrix composites (HAMC) reinforced with diﬀerent weight percentages of (silicon carbide (SiC) + graphite (Gr)) ceramic particulates by conventional stir casting process. The weight percentage of combined ceramic powder is varied from 5 to 15 wt. % in a stage of 5 wt. %. The microstructures, physical properties such as density and porosity as well as mechanical properties like hardness and tensile strength of the fabricated hybrid composites are analyzed. The scanning electron micrographs reveal the uniform distribution of (SiC + Gr) ceramic particulates in the aluminium matrix. The uniform distribution of reinforcement particles has also been verifed with the help of elemental maps of diﬀerent element present in the hybrid composites. Density and porosity of hybrid composite increases from 2,69 to 2,72 g/cm3and from 0,37 to 1,20 %, both the hardness as well as ultimate tensile strength have enhanced from 49,5 to 85 VHN and from 161,5 to 187 MPa respectively with a reduction in percentage elongationfrom 8,6 to 5,3 with rise in weight percentage of (SiC + Gr) ceramic particulates in the aluminium matrix from 0 to 15 wt. % respectively.Ill. 8. Ref. 49. Tab. 1.
Traditional Chinese Medicine for Helicobacter Pylori infection: An Evidence Assessment for Systemic Reviews and Meta-analysesl v1
Authors: Si Xiao-bei , Wang Shuai , Zhang Xu-min , Lan Yu
Published: January 2019

Background: In recent years, many studies reported the anti-Hp effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Based on these studies, there had been many relevant systemic reviews and meta analyses with variable results Aim: This overview aims to investigate the general characteristics and assess the methodological quality of these systemic reviews/meta ana lyses (SR/MAs). Methods: We included systemic reviews/meta analyses with comparison of Chinese medicine and western medicine on helicobacter pylori infection by searching databases of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chinese VIP Information (VIP), Chinese Medical Databases (CMB) and Wan-Fang Database until December 16th, 2018. AMSTAR and PRISMA tools were adopted to assess the methodological quality and reporting characteristics respectively.
Viral load alters behavior of the honey bee parasite Varroa destructor v1
Authors: Giuffre Carl , R. Tarpy David , R. Lubkin Sharon
Published: January 2019

The invasive mite Varroa destructor has negatively impacted global apiculture by being a vector for many viruses of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Until now, most studies have been limited to varroa-honey bee or virus-honey bee interactions. The aim of this study is to bridge the important research gap of varroa-virus interactions by correlating varroa behavior with viral load. Ten-minute video recordings of 200 varroa mites were analyzed, and average speeds of the mites were compared to individual qPCR viral loads for deformed wing virus (DWV) and sacbrood virus (SBV). Statistical models reveal that colony, DWV, and SBV all play a significant role in mite behavior, suggesting that the varroa-virus interaction needs to be an integral part of future studies on honey bee pathogens.
SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' TYPES OF THINKING IN LEARNING MATHS
Authors: Reihenova Austra
Published: January 2019

One of the most important tasks of education is to develop research skills aimed at the students' research activity in the study process. Involving students in research activities will enable them to learn to invent, understand and learn new knowledge, to argue their thoughts, to make decisions, to develop their interests and to realize opportunities. The theoretical basis of the study is the learning cognitive and constructivist approach. The topicality of the article relates to the transformations to be made in the education system, as the education system in Latvia and its content have to change. The aim of the article is to raise the issue of the goals of the productive activity of the mathematical school subject and the development of research skills, so that the pupil can transfer the knowledge and skills acquired creatively to solving problem situations of related subjects. The questionnaire of teachers and pupils with open questions, as well as research work in mathematics by students, are used in the article for obtaining data. Data analysis is a case study analysis method.
THERMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF GAS LIQUEFACTION CYCLES FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS
Authors: YILMAZ Ceyhun
Published: January 2019

In this paper presents an analysis of the thermodynamic cycles the
most commonly used for the liquefaction of gases in order to evaluate and
compare their performance under given working conditions and system component
efficiencies. The cycles considered are simple Linde-Hampson cycle, precooled
Linde-Hampson cycle, Claude cycle, and Kapitza cycle. First and second law
relations are investigated for each cycle and performance parameters are
evaluated. Thermodynamically performances criteria are compared of cycles with
respect to the each other. Cycles are model in the computer environment and
analyzed with Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software program. Cycles of the
liquefaction fractions, coefficient of performances and second law of
efficiencies are calculated for the liquefaction of different gases. Second law
efficiencies are calculated as 13.4%, 21.8%, 62.9%, and 77.2% for simple
Linde-Hampson cycle, pre-cooled Linde-Hampson cycle, Claude cycle, and Kapitza
cycle, respectively. Claude and Kapitza cycles give better performance but
simple and precooled Linde-Hampson cycle has the advantages of the simplicity
of their setup. 
Prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in a tribal area of Maharashtra
Authors: Lunge Vasant Ramraoji
Published: January 2019

Background: About 304 million persons are living in the known endemic areas and are exposed to the risk of filariasis. About 22 million persons are harboring microfilaria in their blood and 16 million persons show clinical manifestations. The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in a tribal area.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out. Night blood smears were obtained between 9-11.30 pm by finger prick method and thick smears were prepared and usual staining procedure was performed. 451 people out of (enumerated) 565 could be covered excluding infants. Diethyl carbamazine (DEC) provocative test was performed the next day by administering 100 mg DEC orally and collecting blood sample after one hour with usual method. DEC could be administered to only 200 individuals in spite of utmost efforts to ensure cooperation.Results: Out of 451 persons examined, 20 (4.4%) were showing clinical manifestations. Overall microfilaria rate was 14.4%. Total endemicity rate was 17.3%. The lowest number of microfilaria was seen in 5 in 20 cumm of blood while the highest count was 78 in the 20 cumm of the blood. 13 smears (20%) showed that microfilaria count was in the range of 41-50. Maximum average infestation rate was 33.3 per 20 cumm of the blood. The most prominent clinical manifestation seen was hydrocele in males constituting 35% of the total clinical cases.Conclusions: The prevalence of filariasis in this tribal area was high. Mf rate was 14.4%. Endemicity rate was 17.3%. Hydrocele was the commonest clinical manifestation.
A study on functional and radiological outcome of complex tibial plateau fractures by posteromedial plating
Authors: Manikandan N. , Saravanakumar K. P.
Published: January 2019

Background: In orthopaedic practice, three column concept and fixation for proximal tibia are becoming popular as it was proved that fixation of posterior column is a must for proper weight transmission and stability. This study demonstrates the use of the posteromedial surgical approach to the knee in treating patients with complex tibial plateau injuries with a posteromedial column fracture. The aim of the study was to study the functional and radiological outcome of complex tibial plateau fracture by posteromedial plating.

Methods: This is a prospective study involving 20 patients with complex tibial condyle fractures with posterior column fractures. Preoperative computed tomography is taken with radiography for complete evaluation of fracture fragments even in the coronal plane. Fractures were classified as Schatzker type 4 or above with a posteromedial split depression. Plating is done with posteromedial locking compression for buttressing posteromedial fragment. The outcome of surgery was evaluated using the Oxford knee scoring system. Longest follow up of study is 2 years.

Results: All fractures healed within 6 months without any secondary displacements or secondary osteoarthritis. Out of 20 patients 16 patients have the postoperative anatomic reduction (0 mm step off) 2 had an acceptable reduction of <2 mm step off. At 4-12 months median range of flexion 135*(125-145*). The mean Oxford knee score was 25-33.

Conclusions: Fixation of posteromedial fragment in a complex tibial condyle fracture is a must as it involves posterior column. Using a locking compression plate provides perfect fracture fixation and thereby more stability to knee joint & better functional outcome.
Lifitegrast Ophthalmic Solution 5.0% for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: Overview of Clinical Trial Program
Authors: Chan Clara C , Prokopich C. Lisa
Published: January 2019

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common inflammatory disorder of the ocular surface. Millions of people are affected by DED worldwide. Lifitegrast is a novel drug designed to inhibit DED-associated ocular inflammation. Four clinical trials have shown that lifitegrast is well tolerated and effective in improving symptoms and signs of DED over 12 weeks. A fifth trial showed long-term safety over 1 year. Lifitegrast has been in clinical use for more than one year in the United States and was recently approved in Canada (in December 2017). In this review, we discuss lifitegrast’s novel mechanism of action and provide an overview of its clinical trial program.
Modulation of Macrophage Polarization for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Jamalpoor Zahra , Asgari Alireza , Lashkari Mohammad Hossein , Mirshafiey Abbas , Mohsenzadegan Monireh
Published: January 2019

Innate immune cells play a crucial role in bone development and repair. Macrophages are the main effector cells in immune responses to implants and are indispensable for bone healing success. The heterogeneity and plasticity of macrophages make them a prime target for immune system modulation to enhance bone repair and regeneration. It is believed that the polarization of macrophage phenotype towards the anti-inflammatory M2, rather than the inflammatory M1 phenotype, promotes osteogenesis. Tissue-engineered bioimplants are potentially capable of producing signals to modulate macrophage polarization. Therefore, development of smart immunomodulatory bioimplants via manipulation of their properties seem a promising strategy for tuning immune responses to optimize bone repair without any unwanted inflammatory reactions. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the currently available studies performed on the effects of macrophage polarization, especially towards M2 phenotype, both in bone repair and in bioimplant-stimulated osteogenesis. Moreover, this literature highlights the need to focus future studies on the development of smart immunomodulatory implants capable of switching macrophage polarization-enhancing bone implant-host tissue integration.
Effects of Viola tricolor Flower Hydroethanolic Extract on Lung Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Chronic Asthma
Authors: Harati Elham , Bahrami Maryam , Razavi Alireza , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Mohammadian Maryam , Rastegar Tayebeh , Sadeghipour Hamid Reza
Published: January 2019

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs driven by T cell activation. Viola tricolor L. as a traditional medical herb could suppress activated T lymphocytes and has been used empirically for asthma remedy. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of Viola tricolor and its underlying mechanism on asthma characteristics induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in mice.
BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, Ovalbumin (OVA) control, OVA mice treated with Viola tricolor (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (3 mg/kg). All mice except normal controls were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Asthmatic mice were treated orally in the last 7 days of OVA challenge. The total and differential leukocyte counts, Interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. H&E staining for lung inflammation was performed.
Viola tricolor treatment at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased IL-4 level but did not considerably affect the IFN-γ level. Therefore, it effectively reduced asthma characteristics including infiltration of leukocytes particularly eosinophil and peribronchial inflammation as compared to dexamethasone. However, Viola tricolor at 100 mg/kg had the most prominent inhibitory effect on the IL-4 level and also markedly increased IFN-γ level. As result, it prevented further reduction of inflammatory parameters in this group compared to the Viola tricolor-treated group at 200 mg/kg. Our study demonstrated that Viola tricolor has anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production and validated its empirical usage in traditional medicine.
Modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Annexin A2 in Response to 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-Butanone -Induced Inflammation via Swimming Training
Authors: Barzegari Ali , Mirdar Shadmehr , Ranayi Mohammad
Published: January 2019

The nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone) is one of the strongest carcinogens in tobacco which is involved in induction of lung cancer by changing the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and annexin A2 expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in resting levels of annexin A2 and VEGF in lung tissues of rats exposed NNK after 12 weeks of aerobic submaximal swimming training.
For this purpose, 46 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups consist of training, training + NNK, NNK, saline and control. NNK-induced groups received NNK subcutaneously one day per week at a rate of 12/5 mg per kg body weight and the training groups performed submaximal swimming training for 12 weeks. The levels of VEGF and annexin A2 in lung tissue were measured respectively by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. To analyze the data; ANOVA and Tukey's test were used at a significance level of p<0.05.
Findings indicated that 12 weeks submaximal swimming training decreased the levels of VEGF and annexin A2 in lung tissue significantly when compared to NNK group (p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between VEGF and annexin A2 levels in all study groups (p≥0.05).
Generally, it could be confirmed that regular submaximal aerobic training plays an important role in inhibition of the effects of lung inflammation induced by NNK via decreased levels of VEGF and annexin A2.
Effect of Kaempferol on Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) Protein Expression in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Kang Da Rae , Belal Shah Ahmed , Choe Ho Sung , Shin Dae Keun , Shim Kwan Seob
Published: January 2019

Kaempferol, a phytochemical found in many edible plants, is known to alleviate diseases such as cancer, allergy, and inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether kaempferol could reduce omega-6 and ovalbumin-mediated allergic reactions at lung and trachea in BALB/c mice.
Mice were allocated into five groups: 1) control group (CON); 2) positive control group with orally administration of omega-6 (POS); 3) bovine serum albumin (BSA) sensitization group (with BSA injection and ovalbumin inhalation); 4) BSA+K10 group: BSA injection, 10 μg/g of kaempferol administration and ovalbumin inhalation; and 5) BSA+K20 group: BSA injection, 20 μg/g of kaempferol administration and ovalbumin inhalation.
Results revealed that serum histamine level was the highest (p<0.01) in BSA group. In lung tissue and trachea, cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the BSA group compared to that in other groups. However, phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (p-cPLA2) expression in the trachea was not significantly different among groups.
Taken together, results of this study suggest that kaempferol might be useful for alleviating inflammation reaction associated with Cox2 expression. However, the exact mechanism of action involved in the effect of kaempferol on inflammatory response remains unclear.
Assessment of the Inhibitory Effects of Ficin-hydrolyzed Gelatin Derived from Squid (Uroteuthis duvauceli) on Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Animal Model
Authors: Shahidi Sogol , Jamili Shahla , Ghavam Mostafavi Pargol , Rezaie Sassan , Khorramizadeh Mohammadreza
Published: January 2019

Marine novel natural products have been applied for cancer therapy. Enzyme-digested gelatin hydrolysates have proven to serve as promising sources of potent biologically active peptides.
Potential anti-breast cancer properties of the extracted Ficin-digesterd gelatin hydrolysate from Indian squid (Uroteuthis duvauceli) was extensively characterized by cellular and animal models. Gelatin was extracted from squid skin, hydrolyzed by Ficin, and characterized by standard physico-chemical methods. Ficin-digested gelatin hydrolysate was used at various doses of 0-0.1 mg/mL for assessment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells versus HUVEC normal cells. Cytotoxicity, phase-contrast morphological examination, apoptosis/necrosis, clonal-growth, cell-migration, Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) zymography, and Western blotting were used for cellular assessments. For animal studies, breast tumor-induced BALB/c mice received hydrolyzed gelatin regimen, followed by tumor size/growth and immune-histochemical analyses.
Significant inhibition of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with no cytotoxicity on HUVEC cells were detected. Apoptosis was increased in cancer cells, as revealed by elevated ratio of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in both cancer cells were diminished. In mice, gelatin hydrolysate prevented weight loss, decreased tumor size, induced p53, and down-regulated Ki67 levels.
These findings suggest that Ficin-digested gelatin hydrolysate could be a beneficial candidate for novel breast cancer therapies.