bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are the Accompanying Cations of Doping Anions Influential in Conducting Organic Polymers? The Case of the Popular PEDOT
Authors: Fuentes Isabel , Mostazo‐López María José , Kelemen Zsolt , Compañ Vicente , Andrio Andreu , Morallón Emilia , Cazorla‐Amorós Diego , Viñas Clara , Teixidor Francesc
Published: August 2019

Conducting organic polymers (COPs) are made of a conjugated polymer backbone supporting a certain degree of oxidation. These positive charges are compensated by the doping anions that are introduced into the polymer synthesis along with their accompanying cations. In this work, the influence of these cations on the stoichiometry and physicochemical properties of the resulting COPs have been investigated, something that has previously been overlooked, but, as here proven, is highly relevant. As the doping anion, metallacarborane [Co(C2B9H11)2]− was chosen, which acts as a thistle. This anion binds to the accompanying cation with a distinct strength. If the binding strength is weak, the doping anion is more prone to compensate the positive charge of the polymer, and the opposite is also true. Thus, the ability of the doping anion to compensate the positive charges of the polymer can be tuned, and this determines the stoichiometry of the polymer. As the polymer, PEDOT was studied, whereas Cs+, Na+, K+, Li+, and H+ as cations. Notably, with the [Co(C2B9H11)2]− anions, these cations are grouped into two sets, Cs+ and H+ in one and Na+, K+, and Li+ in the second, according to the stoichiometry of the COPs: 2:1 EDOT/[Co(C2B9H11)2]− for Cs+ and H+, and 3:1 EDOT/[Co(C2B9H11)2]− for Na+, K+, and Li+. The distinct stoichiometries are manifested in the physicochemical properties of the COPs, namely in the electrochemical response, electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity, and capacitance.
Optimization of ASE and SPE conditions for the HPLC‐FLD detection of piperazine in chicken tissues and pork
Authors: Liu Chujun , Xie Xing , Wang Bo , Zhao Xia , Guo Yawen , Zhang Yangyang , Bu Xiaona , Xie Kaizhou , Wang Yajuan , Zhang Tao , Zhang Genxi , Liu Xuezhong , Dai Guojun , Wang Jinyu
Published: August 2019

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid‐phase extraction (SPE) conditions were optimized by a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐fluorescence detector (HPLC‐FLD) method for the detection of piperazine in chicken tissues and pork. Piperazine residues were determined by precolumn derivatization with trimethylamine and dansyl chloride. Samples were extracted with 2% formic acid in acetonitrile using an ASE apparatus and purified using a Strata‐X‐C SPE column. The monosubstituted product of the reaction of piperazine with dansyl chloride was 1‐dansyl piperazine (1‐DNS‐piperazine). Chromatographic separations were performed on an Athena C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, id: 5 μm) with gradient elution using ultrapure water and acetonitrile (5:95, V/V) as the mobile phase. The calibration curves showed good linearity over a concentration range of LOQ‐200.0 μg/kg with a coefficient of determination (R2) ≥ .9992. The recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSD values) ranged from 78.49% to 97.56% and 1.19% to 5.32%, respectively, across the limit of quantification (LOQ) and 0.5, 1, and 2.0 times the maximum residue limit (MRL; μg/kg). The limits of detection (LODs) and LOQs were 0.96 to 1.85 μg/kg and 3.20 to 5.50 μg/kg, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the validation of animal products in the laboratory.
Einfluss ausgewählter Medienstrukturparameter auf das Betriebsverhalten von Ölnebelfiltern
Authors: Penner Thomas , Heikamp Wolfgang , Meyer Jörg , Dittler Achim
Published: August 2019

Die bei der Filtration von Ölnebel maßgeblichen Mechanismen und ihre Auswirkungen auf das Betriebsverhalten der Filter standen in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend im Fokus der Forschung und sind qualitativ mittlerweile weitgehend verstanden. Bisher ist jedoch wenig Systematisches bekannt über den Zusammenhang zwischen Struktureigenschaften des Filtermediums und den Betriebseigenschaften der Filter. Für die Identifikation filtrationsrelevanter Strukturparameter wurden textile Eigenschaften von Filtermedien mithilfe diverser Methoden charakterisiert. Die charakterisierten Medien wurden in Filtrationsversuchen hinsichtlich ihrer Betriebseigenschaften untersucht und miteinander verglichen.
Hightech „made in China“ ‐ ein Praxisbericht
Authors: Karau Werner
Published: August 2019

Die Nutzung chinesischer Fertigungsanlagen wird für viele westliche OEMs immer interessanter. Sie lohnt sich für spezialisierte Fertiger bei einem relativ hohen Produktmix schon in einem mittleren Stückzahlenbereich, für den die Vollautomatisierung in den USA oder Europa nicht als ökonomisch angesehen wird. Auch Prototypenhersteller eignen sich nicht als Alternative, da sie meist nicht über genügend Kapazitäten verfügen, um den notwendigen Output zu kompetitiven Preisen zu erreichen. Hier bietet sich die Gründung einer Niederlassung oder die Beauftragung von in China angesiedelten Lohnfertigern an – ein Vorgehen, das zum Teil jedoch sehr kontrovers diskutiert wird. Seine China‐Erfahrungen teilt hier Flexan, ein US‐amerikanischer Auftragsfertiger. Das Unternehmen produziert seit 2004 in China. In der Fabrik in Suzhou werden hochvolumige Elastomer‐Formteile hergestellt sowie unterschiedlichste Silikon‐Formteile im Reinraum.
Skalierbar und flexibel
Authors: Gerke Sebastian
Published: August 2019

In Umkehrosmose‐ und Nanofiltrationsanlagen zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung übernehmen leistungsfähige Filtermembranen mehrere wichtige Aufgaben wie die Entfernung von Mikroorganismen, Partikeln, Salzen und anderen Inhaltsstoffen. Daher ist die sichere überwachung ihrer Funktion für eine hohe Wasserqualität und einen zuverlässigen Betrieb unerlässlich. Die Stadtwerke Pforzheim setzen dafür bei ihrer neuen Umkehrosmoseanlage ein skalierbares und flexibles Permeat‐Monitoring‐System ein, das schon kleinste Leckagen oder Membranbrüche in kürzester Zeit detektiert, dokumentiert und meldet. Das sorgt nicht nur jederzeit für sauberes Trinkwasser, sondern erspart dem Anlagenbetreiber aufwändige manuelle Probenahmen.
Auf der sicheren Seite
Authors: Biberian Ariane
Published: August 2019

Die Mitarbeiter im Chemiewerk von Dow in Stade tragen seit mehr als zehn Jahren fast ausschließlich Schutzanzüge von DuPont Personal Protection, Luxemburg. Der Chemiekonzern plant die Ausweitung auf andere deutsche Standorte. Dies ermöglicht nicht nur eine Senkung der Kosten durch Nutzung von Synergieeffekten, sondern dient vor allem dazu, die Sicherheit aller Mitarbeiter durch die Harmonisierung der verwendeten Produkte weiter zu verbessern.
Schlüssel zum Erfolg: Service 4.0
Authors: Tappe Michael
Published: August 2019

Nur wer sicherstellt, dass seine Systeme möglichst ohne unerwünschte und in der Regel teure Stillstandszeiten einsatzbereit sind, kann sich in hart umkämpften Märkten behaupten und wirtschaftlich gegen den Wettbewerb bestehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund kommt
Schaumbildung im Griff
Authors: Vormoor Michaela
Published: August 2019

Effiziente Produktion und minimale Kosten ‐ so oder so ähnlich lassen sich die Herausforderung vieler Chemieunternehmen sicherlich beschreiben. Daher wird ein kosteneffektiver und sicherer Anlagenbetrieb entlang des kompletten Wertschöpfungsprozesse und während des gesamten Lebenszyklus angestrebt. Diesen Herausforderungen müssen sich aber nicht nur Chemieunternehmen stellen, sondern sie gewinnen auch für Chemiepark‐Betreiber immer mehr an Bedeutung. Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und eine gezielte Prozessoptimierung mit Hinblick auf Reduktion der Betriebskosten ist dabei das ständige Ziel. Eine wirtschaftliche Lösung zur optimalen Zudosierung von Entschäumer wurde nun im Infrapark Baselland durch die Nutzung der Heartbeat Technology von Endress+Hauser realisiert.
An improvised indexing technique for XML data over multiple channels in wireless environment: (1, Xm) method
Authors: Goel Vikas , Gautam Deepali , Gupta Amit , Kumar Sachin
Published: August 2019

Wireless broadcasting is the new emerging standard for disseminating the information. It also exploits the feature of mobile computing environment, i.e., an asymmetric environment where the bandwidth of downloading is much higher than the bandwidth of uploading. Due to the small devices, created to hold the feature of portability, various difficulties are imposed on the system. The mobile client follows some energy restricted traits to be efficient. Those traits are access time and tuning time. Access time basically tells the efficiency of the system by specifying how fast a user may get data. But tuning time measures the battery life of the device. In this paper, we have proposed (1, Xm) method to deal with these. Here, Xm basically implies the XML data passing on to the multiple channels. In this technique, we have sent data by indexing onto two different channels: index and data channel. We have analyzed the performance of the proposed indexing technique. To prove its validity, the improved results are compared with the former indexing techniques analytically and experimentally.
Development of a switching and focusing mechanism of shock wave and expansion wave using the discharge phenomena of electrically induced microbubbles
Authors: Ichikawa Keita , Yamanishi Yoko
Published: August 2019

A novel needle‐free injection system by electrically induced microbubbles has been developed. First of all, we evaluated the depth of injected reagent for evaluating injection performance. Then, the cavitation‐induced shock wave has been focused to magnify the injection performance by semispherical reflector. We successfully visualized the shock wave by the schlieren method and succeeded in measuring the pressure of focused shock wave and expansion wave by hydrophone.
Bichromophoric Properties of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Bridged by Boron Dipyrromethenes: Synthesis, Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, Computational Evaluation, and Plasmid DNA Photoreactions
Authors: Swavey Shawn , Wertz Ashlee , Erb Jeremy
Published: August 2019

Two new π‐extended dipyrrins containing isoquinolpyrrole and phenanthro‐fused pyrrole have been synthesized by solvent free reactions with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a catalyst. The boron‐dipyrrin (BDP) of the isoquinolpyrrole was synthesized by standard procedures followed by synthesis of the bis‐ruthenium(II) BDP analog. The spectroscopic properties of this complex were investigated, showing the typical intra‐ligand charge transfer transitions (ILCT) along with the Ru(dπ) to ligand(π*) metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions. An intense transition at 608 nm with molar absorptivity greater than 100,000 m–1 cm–1 associated with the ππ* transition of the BDP‐core is observed. The less stable bis‐RuII BDP complex from the phenanthro‐fused dipyrrin was also synthesized giving the typical spectra associated with RuII‐phenanthroline complexes in addition an intense absorption at 618 nm from ππ* transition of the BDP‐core. The spectroscopic properties of this complex were correlated to density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) theoretical calculations. This complex shows interesting dual emission of both the Ru(bpy)2phen and the BDP‐core components at 601 nm and 641 nm respectively upon excitation of the lower energy MLCT transition at 453 nm. In acetonitrile solutions both bis‐RuII‐BDP complexes generate significant singlet oxygen when irradiated with low energy light. In aqueous solutions both complexes are capable of photo‐nicking plasmid DNA when irradiated within the photodynamic therapy (PDT) window with the phenanthrol‐fused bis‐RuII‐BDP complex showing greater photoreactivity.
Preparation of Functionalized Acylsilanes by Diol Cleavage of Cyclic 1,2‐Dihydroxysilanes
Authors: Zimdars Patrick , Böhlig Kristin , Metz Peter
Published: August 2019

We report a study on diol cleavage of cyclic 1,2‐dihydroxysilanes for the preparation of functionalized acylsilanes. Sodium periodate turned out to be an efficient reagent for this transformation, resulting in good to excellent yields. The method is characterized by mild reaction conditions, and sometimes simple aqueous workup of the reaction mixture was sufficient to obtain the acylsilanes in high purity. An acyclic 1,2‐dihydroxysilane was readily cleaved as well.
Sleep restriction does not potentiate nocebo‐induced changes in pain and cortical potentials
Authors: Ree Anbjørn , Nilsen Kristian Bernhard , Knardahl Stein , Sand Trond , Matre Dagfinn
Published: August 2019

Background

The increased pain sensitivity following reduced sleep may be related to changes in cortical processing of nociceptive stimuli. Expectations shape pain perception and can inhibit (placebo) or enhance (nocebo) pain. Sleep restriction appears to enhance placebo responses; however, whether sleep restriction also affects nocebo responses remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine whether sleep restriction facilitates nocebo‐induced changes in pain and pain‐evoked cortical potentials.

Methods

In an experimental study with a crossover design, the sensitivity to electrically induced pain was determined in 53 nurses under two sleep conditions, after habitual sleep and after two consecutive nights at work. Nocebo was induced by conditioning one‐third of the pain stimuli. Pain‐elicited cortical event‐related potentials were recorded by electroencephalography (EEG). Data were analysed both in the time domain (N2P2 amplitude) and in the time–frequency domain (ERP magnitude). Sleepiness and vigilance were also assessed.

Results

Both nocebo alone and sleep restriction alone increased the sensitivity to electrically induced pain. However, no interaction effect was found. Moreover, the magnitude of the pain‐elicited responses increased after sleep restriction and decreased after nocebo expectation, suggesting that nocebo is probably not an underlying mechanism for the commonly observed hyperalgesia induced by sleep restriction.

Conclusions

The present work addresses whether sleep restriction, known to increase the sensitivity of the pain system, facilitates nocebo‐induced hyperalgesia. Our findings suggest that this is not the case, indicating that the increased sensitivity of the pain system following nocebo and sleep restriction are mediated by different cortical mechanisms.
Removal of phosphate and nitrate ions aqueous using strontium magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite: Isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies
Authors: Sereshti Hassan , Zamiri Afsharian Elham , Esmaeili Bidhendi Mehdi , Rashidi Nodeh Hamid , Afzal Kamboh Muhhammad , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: August 2019

Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle decorated graphene oxide (GO) was modified with strontium nanoparticles (MGO‐Sr) and applied for enhanced removal of phosphate and nitrate ions from river and sewage water samples. The nanocomposite's features were investigated using Fourier transform‐infrared spectrometry, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The effective parameters, adsorption efficiency, regeneration, and field application of MGO‐Sr were also studied. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic models were applied for evaluation of experimental adsorption process. The data was in well comply with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order comparing with other models. Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was obtained equal to 238.09 mg/g for phosphate and 357.14 mg/g for nitrate. Van't Hoff thermodynamic predicted an exothermic nature for adsorption process followed by a physisorption mechanism. The prepared nanocomposite provided a high‐removal efficiency toward phosphate and nitrate ions in river and sewage water. Hence, it is applicable in water remediation process.
Optimization of a DI diesel engine to reduce emission and boost power by exergy and NLPQL method
Authors: Taghavifar Hadi , Anvari Simin
Published: August 2019

The design and manufacture of efficient diesel engines, which can convert the majority of fuel combustion into a mechanical rotation movement is still growing. Simultaneous investigation of optimum engine configuration and the second law of thermodynamics consideration can best achieve this goal. A baseline 1.8 Ford diesel engine is simulated via AVL Fire software and then the multiobjective nonlinear programming by quadratic Lagrangian method have been applied to find the global optimal design. Then for exergy analysis of the baseline and optimized engine characteristics, a FORTRAN developed code is used. Two basic optimization cases are detected for exergy assessment that are RunID41 (feasible design) and RunID35 (infeasible design) among 55 run points. It was determined that the optimum feasible solution should characterize with low inner wall diameter (Di) with wider half spray cone angle to avoid wall collision in order to stay in the constraint zone and feasible area. The results of exergy also indicates that RunID41 is fuel efficient since the fuel burnt exergy of three design of ID41, ID35, and baseline are 719.52, 694.77, and 643.07 J, respectively. It has also been pointed out that the feasible optimum gives the higher thermo‐mechanical exergy, work exergy, and total exergy, while the infeasible optimum yields a higher heat release rate exergy and chemical exergy as there are no restrictions of injection and combustion chamber geometry set by the designer.
Examination of heat transfer performance of a nonimaging hybrid compound parabolic collector in low latitude and cloudy region
Authors: Oloketuyi Idowu S. , Ajide Olufemi O. , Odesola Folorunsho I. , Oyewola Olanrewaju M. , Adaramola Muyiwa S.
Published: August 2019

This work investigates the characteristics of nonimaging hybrid compound parabolic collector (HCPC) for enhancement of heat transfer to the reactor of solar adsorption refrigeration system (SARS) in low latitude and cloudy region. A HCPC is simulated and developed to heat cylindrical reactor of SARS. The HCPC is used to heat the reactor with solar energy during high insolation while auxiliary heating system is used during low insolation. Simulation results show that the reactor adsorbent (activated carbon) is heated to average temperatures between 70 and 85°C when the solar radiance is between 350 and 450 W/m2. However, the experimental results are observed to be slightly deviated from the simulated results due to environmental factors, such as wind speed, cloud, and dust, which cannot be correctly predicted. It is inferred that HCPC is effective in heating SARS cylindrical reactor to start adsorption refrigeration process in low latitude and cloudy region.
Optimization and assessment of an off‐grid photovoltaic–diesel–battery hybrid sustainable energy system for remote residential applications
Authors: Shezan SK. A.
Published: August 2019

Due to the increasing demand for electricity for the ecotourism areas like Malaysia, alternative energy sources are being required. In this research article, an investigation for the comprehensive off‐grid photovoltaic (PV)–diesel–battery hybrid alternative energy system design with an energy backup of a 5‐kW diesel generator is represented. From the simulation and optimization results, it can be observed that 38 kW hr/day load demand combined with 5‐kW peak load for 37 family units for an ecotourism areas of Malaysia can be fulfilled by establishing the proposed hybrid PV–diesel–battery energy system. It can also be observed from the optimization outcomes that the proposed hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is the most economically feasible energy system and the levelized cost of energy (COE) is nearing U.S. $0.895/kW hr and net present cost (NPC) is U.S. $158,206, and the COE and NPC have been minimized according to the current market price. After collecting meteorological data, a complete simulation has been conducted with the other parameters to achieve an optimal solution of the PV–diesel–battery hybrid alternative energy system. The decrement of the CO2 emission can be compared to the existing results with the other conventional and HRESs. The simulation results from Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable software have been validated by using Photovoltaic System Tools (PVSYST) renewable energy platform. The analyzed energy system will be applicable where the meteorological conditions are the same.
Optimization of the cationizing condition in salt‐free reactive dyeing of cotton fabric with the pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process using response surface methodology
Authors: Yu Chengbing , Lu Yilin , Tao Kaixin , Xi Ziwei
Published: August 2019

Response surface methodology is widely used in the optimization of dyeing conditions. Herein, the color strength and dye fixation rate of the cotton fabric dyed by pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam (PIPS) process were determined and compared to by conventional pad‐dry‐pad‐steam (PDPS) process. Then the response surface methodology and central composite design were used to optimize the cationizing conditions during the pad‐irradiation step of the process to obtain high color strength during the subsequent salt‐free reactive dyeing of the cotton fabric via a pad‐steam process. The obtained experimental data were fitted to the second‐order polynomial equation, and response surface plots and contour plots were used to identify the optimal cationizing condition, the 3‐chloro−2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride concentration of 104 g/L, the microwave irradiation power of 537 W, the treatment time of 6 min, and the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride of 1.02. The results showed that the experimental color strength of the cotton fabrics was in close agreement with the value predicted by the model and the optimal cationizing condition was obtained precisely.
The Effect of Major Ions and Dissolved Organic Matter on Complexation and Toxicity of Dissolved Thallium to Daphnia magna
Authors: Nagel Andrew H. , Cuss Chad W. , Goss Greg G. , Shotyk William , Glover Chris N.
Published: August 2019

Thallium (Tl) is a trace element associated with base metal mining and processing, but little is known regarding how its toxicity is influenced by water chemistry. In the present study, the 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) of Tl to Daphnia magna was determined in a standard laboratory water, and toxicity was reassessed under conditions of varying cation (Ca2+, K+, Na+), anion (Cl–, HCO–3), and dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations. The calculated 48-h LC50 of 1.86 mg Tl/L was consistent with previous work on Tl toxicity to D. magna. At the 48-h LC50 concentration, changes in water chemistry had no statistically significant effect on mortality, although there was a trend toward lower Tl toxicity with elevated water K+. Test waters containing 10 mM CaCl2 did not support control survival. The measurement of Tl complexation with DOM using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation confirmed the outcomes of biogeochemical speciation modeling: Tl speciation was relatively unaffected by water chemistry, and the majority of Tl remained in the ionic form across all treatments. These data indicate that Tl toxicity is largely independent of speciation, a property that will greatly simplify risk assessments for this metal in freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2472–2479. © 2019 SETAC
Sex‐specific SNP‐SNP interaction analyses within topologically associated domains reveals ANGPT1 as a novel tumor suppressor gene for lung cancer
Authors: Yao Shi , Dong Shan‐Shan , Ding Jing‐Miao , Rong Yu , Zhang Yu‐Jie , Chen Hao , Chen Jia‐Bin , Chen Yi‐Xiao , Yan Han , Dai Zhijun , Guo Yan
Published: August 2019

Genetic interaction has been recognized to be an important cause of the missing heritability. The topologically associating domain (TAD) is a self‐interacting genomic region, and the DNA sequences within a TAD physically interact with each other more frequently. Sex differences influence cancer susceptibility at the genetic level. Here, we performed both regular and sex‐specific genetic interaction analyses within TAD to identify susceptibility genes for lung cancer in 5204 lung cancer patients and 7389 controls. We found that one SNP pair, rs4262299‐rs1654701, was associated with lung cancer in women after multiple testing corrections (combined P = 8.52 × 10−9). Single‐SNP analyses did not detect significant association signals for these two SNPs. Both identified SNPs are located in the intron region of ANGPT1. We further found that 5% of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients have an alteration in ANGPT1, indicated the potential role of ANGPT1 in the neoplastic progression in lung cancer. The expression of ANGPT1 was significantly down‐regulated in patients in lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. We checked the interaction effect on the ANGPT1 expression and lung cancer and found that the minor allele “G” of rs1654701 increased ANGPT1 gene expression and decreased lung cancer risk with the increased dosage of “A” of rs4262299, which consistent with the tumor suppressor function of ANGPT1. Survival analyses found that the high expression of ANGPT1 was individually associated with a higher survival probability in lung cancer patients. In summary, our results suggest that ANGPT1 may be a novel tumor suppressor gene for lung cancer.
Mesozoic Weideshan granitoid suite and its relationship to large‐scale gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China
Authors: Song Ming‐Chun , Zhou Jian‐Bo , Song Ying‐Xin , Wang Bin , Li Shi‐Yong , Li Jie , Wang Shan‐Shan
Published: August 2019

The Jiaodong Peninsula in China underwent ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphism in the Triassic and extensive magmatism in the Jurassic–Cretaceous, resulting in the formation of large‐scale gold deposits. This makes it an ideal site to study the destruction of the eastern North China Craton (NCC) as well as regional gold mineralization processes. The Weideshan granitoid suite is widely distributed in the Jiaodong Peninsula, with geochemical and isotopic data indicating that it formed through migmatization of crust‐derived silicic magma and mantle‐derived intermediate magma. This makes it different from the Jurassic Linglong suite, and the Cretaceous Guojialing and Laoshan suites in the Jiaodong Peninsula, although they have evolutionary continuity. U–Pb age estimates, from SHRIMP and LA‐ICP‐MS zircon dating, suggest that the Weideshan granitoid suite formed between 118.0 and 110.5 Ma, around the same time as the Jiaodong gold deposit, suggesting that the ore‐forming event was enabled during the stage of magmatic activity that formed the Weideshan suite, rather than during that which formed the Linglong or Guojialing suites. The initiation of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatism reflects a regional switch from a collisional system with crustal thickening (compression) between the NCC and Yangtze Craton (YC) to lithospheric thinning (extension) during the subduction of the Pacific Plate. The upwelling of the Weideshan suite and the relevant extension structures that developed during this switching process provided favourable conditions for large‐scale gold mineralization.
Provenance, tectonic setting, and source area weathering of Middle Jurassic siliciclastic rocks of Chari Formation, Jumara Dome, Kachchh Basin, Western India: Sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical constraints
Authors: Khan Zuhi , Quasim M.A. , Amir Mohd , Ahmad A.H.M.
Published: August 2019

Kachchh Basin is well known for its Jurassic sediments and hydrocarbon prospects, but geochemically, these sediments remained less explored. Here, we present petrography, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Middle Jurassic sandstone and shale of the Chari Formation exposed at Jumara Dome, Kachchh Basin, to understand their provenance, tectonic setting, source area weathering, and paleoclimate. Petrographic analysis shows that the sandstone consists of abundant quartz, feldspar (K‐feldspar and plagioclase), mica (muscovite and biotite), and lithic fragments. The X‐ray diffraction analysis of both sandstone and shale reveals the presence of abundant quartz, and lesser amount of kaolinite, illite, and chlorite. The presence of these clay minerals was also attested by scanning electron microscope analysis. Based on framework composition and geochemistry, the sandstone is classified as arkose to subarkose and shale as graywackes. Detrital modes and geochemical data suggest the derivation of these clastic rocks from a felsic source, partially influenced by sediment recycling and deposited in a passive margin setting in a rifted basin. Values of weathering indices including chemical index of alteration, plagioclase index of alteration, chemical index of weathering, and index of compositional variability indicate that the rocks of Jumara Dome are mature and the source area has undergone a moderate to high degree of chemical weathering under warm and humid climatic conditions. The petrography, bulk mineralogy, scanning electron microscope analysis, and geochemical composition in conjunction with paleocurrent data affirm the supply of detritus for Jumara Dome from the Aravalli Craton situated to the east and northeast and Nagar Parkar Massif situated to the north and northwest of the basin. This study endorses the formation of Transgondwanan seaway route during the Late Oxfordian, which caused a marine transgression onto the land.
The role of microglia in ischemic preconditioning
Authors: McDonough Ashley , Weinstein Jonathan R.
Published: August 2019

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an experimental phenomenon in which a brief ischemic stimulus confers protection against a subsequent prolonged ischemic event. Initially thought to be due to mechanistic changes in neurons, our understanding of IPC has evolved to encompass a global reprogramming of the Central Nervous System (CNS) after transient ischemia/reperfusion that requires innate immune signaling pathways including Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and Type I interferons. Microglia are the CNS resident neuroimmune cells that express these key innate immune receptors. Studies suggest that microglia are required for IPC‐mediated neuronal and axonal protection. Multiple paradigms targeting TLRs have converged on a distinctive Type I interferon response in microglia that is critical for preconditioning‐mediated protection against ischemia. These pathways can be targeted through administration of TLR agonists, cytokines including interferon‐β, and pharmaceutical agents that induce preconditioning through cross‐tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptomic analyses and single cell RNA studies point to specific gene expression signatures in microglia that functionally shift these mutable cells to an immunomodulatory or protective phenotype. Although there are technological challenges and gaps in knowledge to overcome, the targeting of specific molecular signaling pathways in microglia is a promising direction for development of novel and effective pharmacotherapies for stroke. Studies on preconditioning in animal models, including nonhuman primates, show promise as prophylactic preconditioning treatments for selected at risk patient populations. In addition, our growing understanding of the mechanisms of IPC‐mediated protection is identifying novel cellular and molecular targets for therapeutic interventions that could apply broadly to both acute stroke and chronic vascular cognitive impairment patients.
Causes of regional variation in Dutch healthcare expenditures: Evidence from movers
Authors: Moura Ana , Salm Martin , Douven Rudy , Remmerswaal Minke
Published: August 2019

We assess the relative importance of demand and supply factors as determinants of regional variation in healthcare expenditures in the Netherlands. Our empirical approach follows individuals who migrate between regions. We use individual data on annual healthcare expenditures for the entire Dutch population between the years 2006 and 2013. Regional variation in healthcare expenditures is mostly driven by demand factors, with an estimated share of around 70%. The relative importance of different causes varies with the groups of regions being compared.
Could the infiltration of the thyroarytenoid muscle define the pT2 glottic carcinoma?
Authors: Lionello Marco , Bertolin Andy , Nardello Ennio , Giacomelli Luciano , Canal Fabio , Rizzotto Giuseppe , Marioni Gino , Lucioni Marco
Published: August 2019

Background

The involvement of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle by glottic cancer may be related to an impaired vocal cord mobility, which is classified as cT2 disease. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the prognostic significance of TA muscle involvement in early glottic cancer treated with transoral laser microsurgery (TLM).

Methods

A review was conducted on a cohort of 209 patients consecutively treated with TLM for early glottic carcinoma. Univariate analysis was used to examine the prognostic meaning of clinical and pathological parameters.

Results

The statistical analysis showed that TA muscle infiltration correlated significantly with a worse prognosis in terms of recurrence rate and disease‐free survival, and this was confirmed even in the subcohort with pT1a glottic cancer.

Conclusions

Our preliminary findings suggest that it could be considered as a criterion for upstaging a glottic cancer from pT1 to pT2.
Revisiting Fama–French factors' predictability with Bayesian modelling and copula‐based portfolio optimization
Authors: Zhao Yang , Stasinakis Charalampos , Sermpinis Georgios , Fernandes Filipa Da Silva
Published: August 2019

This study is investigating the predictability of the five Fama–French factors and explores their optimal portfolio allocation for factor investing during 2000–2017. Firstly, we forecast each factor with a pool of linear and nonlinear models. Next, the individual forecasts are combined through dynamic model averaging, and their performance is benchmarked by the best performing individual predictor and other forecast combination techniques. Finally, we use the generalized autoregressive score model and the skewedtcopula method to estimate the correlation of assets. The generalized autoregressive score performance is also compared with other traditional approaches such as dynamic conditional correlation model and asymmetric dynamic conditional correlation. The performance of the constructed portfolios is assessed through traditional metrics and ratios accounting for the conditional value‐at‐risk and the conditional diversification benefits approach. Our results show that combining Bayesian forecast combinations with copulas is leading to significant improvements in the portfolio optimization process, and forecasting covariance accounting for asymmetric dependence between the factors adds diversification benefits to the obtained portfolios.
Exploring a model for infant and early childhood mental health consultation in early childhood home visiting
Authors: Lambarth Callie H. , Green Beth L.
Published: August 2019

Home‐visiting programs have experienced a rapid expansion as a strategy for providing support to vulnerable families with young children. As the evidence base for home‐visiting effectiveness has grown, the need for providing additional support to home visitors in addressing attachment issues and working with families with mental health concerns has become clear. One model for providing this support is Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (IECMHC). This study contributes to the nascent evidence base for mental health consultation in home‐visiting programs, and describes the results from a pilot study of a model that incorporates another evidence‐based approach to early childhood mental health, Early Childhood Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports (ECPBIS) as a framework for consultation. We present data collected in a pilot project implementing an IECMHC–ECPBIS model within a Healthy Families America home‐visiting program, including a description of the approach and home‐visiting staff outcomes over a 24‐month period. Home visitors reported significant increases in knowledge of children's mental health, knowledge of adult mental health, confidence in involving parents as partners, and program leadership around addressing early childhood mental health issues. Program and staff benefits suggest promise for this enhanced home‐visiting program model.
Convolutional neural networks for reconstruction of undersampled optical projection tomography data applied to in vivo imaging of zebrafish
Authors: Davis Samuel P. X. , Kumar Sunil , Alexandrov Yuriy , Bhargava Ajay , da Silva Xavier Gabriela , Rutter Guy A. , Frankel Paul , Sahai Erik , Flaxman Seth , French Paul M. W. , McGinty James
Published: August 2019

Optical projection tomography (OPT) is a 3D mesoscopic imaging modality that can utilize absorption or fluorescence contrast. 3D images can be rapidly reconstructed from tomographic data sets sampled with sufficient numbers of projection angles using the Radon transform, as is typically implemented with optically cleared samples of the mm‐to‐cm scale. For in vivo imaging, considerations of phototoxicity and the need to maintain animals under anesthesia typically preclude the acquisition of OPT data at a sufficient number of angles to avoid artifacts in the reconstructed images. For sparse samples, this can be addressed with iterative algorithms to reconstruct 3D images from undersampled OPT data, but the data processing times present a significant challenge for studies imaging multiple animals. We show here that convolutional neural networks (CNN) can be used in place of iterative algorithms to remove artifacts—reducing processing time for an undersampled in vivo zebrafish dataset from 77 to 15 minutes. We also show that using CNN produces reconstructions of equivalent quality to compressed sensing with 40% fewer projections. We further show that diverse training data classes, for example, ex vivo mouse tissue data, can be used for CNN‐based reconstructions of OPT data of other species including live zebrafish.
Long noncoding RNA HAS2‐AS1 promotes tumor progression in glioblastoma via functioning as a competing endogenous RNA
Authors: Zhang Liqun , Wang Hong , Xu Meijie , Chen Fangyu , Li Wenkui , Hu Haotian , Yuan Quan , Su Yue , Liu Xiaoxuan , Wuri Jimusi , Yan Tao
Published: August 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a refractory tumor with poor prognosis and requires more effective treatment regimens. It has been confirmed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) substantially regulate various human disease including GBM. However, the biological roles and its underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be further investigated. In this study, the biological function and potential molecular mechanism of lncHAS2‐AS1 in GBM were explored. It was discovered that HAS2‐AS1 was elevated in glioma tissues and correlated with the prognosis of patients with glioma. Reduction of HAS2‐AS1 suppressed the migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. The transcription factor STAT1 could raise HAS2‐AS1 by binding to its promoter region. Besides, HAS2‐AS1 could adjust PRPS1 via sponging miR‐608 in a direct manner. On the whole, the results of this study evidence that HAS2‐AS1 is an oncogene and a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
Protein kinase C‐α upregulates sodium channel Nav1.9 in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons in an inflammatory arthritis pain model of rat
Authors: Bai Qian , Shao Jinping , Cao Jing , Ren Xiuhua , Cai Weihua , Su Songxue , George Sanjeeth , Tan Zhiyong , Zang Weidong , Dong Tieli
Published: August 2019

Previous studies have found that increased expression of Nav1.9 and protein kinase C (PKC) contributes to pain hypersensitivity in a couple of inflammatory pain models. Here we want to observe if PKC can regulate the expression of Nav1.9 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pain model. A chronic knee joint inflammation model was produced by intra‐articular injection of the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Nociceptive behaviors including mechanical, cold, and heat hyperalgesia were examined. The expression of Nav1.9 and PKCα in DRG was detected by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The in vitro and in vivo effects of a PKC activator (phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate [PMA]) and a PKC inhibitor (GF‐109203X) on the expression of Nav1.9 were examined. Moreover, the effects of PKC modulators on nociceptive behaviors were studied. Increased mechanical, heat, and cold sensitivity was observed 3 to 14 days after CFA injection. Parallel increases in messenger RNA and protein expression of Nav1.9 and PKCα were found. Immunofluorescence experiments found that Nav1.9 was preferentially colocalized with IB4+DRG neurons in RA rats. In cultured DRG neurons, PMA increased Nav1.9 expression while GF‐109203X prevented the effect of PMA. PMA increased Nav1.9 expression in naïve rats while GF‐109203X decreased Nav1.9 expression in RA rats. In naïve rats, PMA caused mechanical and cold hyperalgesia. On the other hand, GF‐109203X attenuated mechanical and cold hyperalgesia in RA‐pain model. Nav1.9 might be upregulated by PKCα in DRG, which contributes to pain hypersensitivity in CFA‐induced chronic knee joint inflammation model of RA pain.
Nanoclay montmorillonite as an adsorbent for CO2 capture: Experimental and modeling
Authors: Khajeh Mojtaba , Ghaemi Ahad
Published: August 2019

Today, the tendency to use mineral adsorbents has increased due to its low cost for removal of the flue gas of fossil‐fuel power plants. In this research, the optimization of the CO2 adsorption process using the sodium‐montmorillonite adsorbent was investigated. The response surface methodology (RSM), combined with central composite design, was used to assess the effects of process variables and their interaction on the response (CO2 adsorption capacity) to achieve the optimal conditions. According to the analysis of variance, temperature and pressure parameters are the variables that affect the CO2 adsorption capacity. Moreover, one semi‐empirical correlation was established to calculate the optimum operating conditions of the CO2 adsorption process. The optimal variables of the process obtained from numerical optimization are 25°C and 9 bar for temperature and pressure, respectively. Based on the optimal conditions, the adsorption capacity of 100.67 mg/g was achieved. Furthermore, additional experiments were performed to examine the isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models of absorption. Kinetic studies showed that adsorption was in accordance with the second‐order reaction. Equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Hill, and D‐R isotherm models at different temperatures. The D‐R isotherm provides the best description for the adsorption experimental data.
New organic‐pillared zincophosphate and interpenetrating‐layered zinc coordination polymer: Crystal growth on tarbuttite‐like sheets with surface‐active carboxylic acid groups
Authors: Hung Ling‐I , Yi Hsiang‐Yi , Shih Yu‐Chieh , Chen Pei‐Lin , Wang Sue‐Lein
Published: August 2019

For the first time, crystal growth of two novel distinct structures is observed to emerge from parent tarbuttite‐like zincophosphate sheets, which feature uncoordinated carboxylic acid (─COOH) groups protruding on the surface. A prior study revealed that the ─COOH groups could be modified through mechanochemical reaction to alter the wettability of bulk solid. In this study, the modification of ─COOH groups via amidation in solutions was conducted to tune the wettability to more hydrophobic. A further study in the reactivity of the zincophosphate toward various organic amines resulted in crystal growth of two novel compounds, thereby, a 2D coordination polymer with parallel interpenetrating square lattice (sql) topology and a 3D framework of organopillared zincophosphate were discovered. Intriguing structure transformation involved disassembling and assembling of not only commonly seen molecular units but also zincophosphate polyhedra and clusters: in the former case from rare 5‐coordinate zinc to 4‐coordinate zinc, and in the latter case from original positively charged tarbuttite‐like ZnPO sheets to amine‐pillared neutral sheets composed of unique edge‐sharing Zn2N2O4(H2O)2 dimers.
miR‐140‐5p is negatively correlated with proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis in malignant melanoma by targeting SOX4 via the Wnt/β‐catenin and NF‐κB cascades
Authors: Zhao Ge , Yin Yakun , Zhao Bin
Published: August 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been validated as critical regulators in the development of melanoma. miR‐140 was abnormally downregulated in uveal melanoma samples. However, the expression level and roles of miR‐140‐5p remain unclear in melanoma for now. We speculate that miR‐140‐5p is abnormally expressed and may play an important role in melanoma. The expressions of miR‐140‐5p and SOX4 messenger RNA were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays. Western blot assays were employed to detect the expression levels of SOX4, Ki67, MMP‐2, MMP‐7, p‐β‐catenin, c‐Myc, cyclin D1, p65, and IκBα. Luciferase reporter assays were employed to elucidate the interaction between SOX4 and miR‐140‐5p. MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) and transwell invasion assays were applied to evaluate capabilities of cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. Xenograft models of melanoma were established to verify the role and molecular basis of miR‐140‐5p. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were employed to measure the Ki67 and SOX4 at the protein level in xenografted melanoma tissues. Herein, these observations showed that, miR‐140‐5p was abnormally downregulated in melanoma tissues and cells, while SOX4 was upregulated. miR‐140‐5p directly targeted SOX4 and inhibited its expression in melanoma cells. miR‐140‐5p overexpression repressed melanoma cell proliferation and invasion and its effects were partially restored SOX4 overexpression. Moreover, miR‐140‐5p hindered melanoma growth in vivo by downregulating SOX4. Mechanistically, miR‐140‐5p suppressed activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin and NF‐κB pathways by targeting SOX4. Our study concluded that miR‐140‐5p hindered cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis by targeting SOX4 via inactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin and NF‐κB signaling pathways in malignant melanoma, which provides an underlying molecular mechanism for the treatment for melanoma with miRNAs.