bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the contribution of climate change on North Atlantic underwater sound propagation
Authors: Possenti Luca , Reichart Gert-Jan , de Nooijer Lennart , Lam Frans-Peter , de Jong Christ , Colin Mathieu , Binnerts Bas , Boot Amber , von der Heydt Anna
Published: October 2023

Since the industrial revolution, oceans have become substantially noisier. The noise increase is mainly caused by increased shipping, resource exploration, and infrastructure development affecting marine life at multiple levels, including behavior and physiology. Together with increasing anthropogenic noise, climate change is altering the thermal structure of the oceans, which in turn might affect noise propagation. During this century, we are witnessing an increase in seawater temperature and a decrease in ocean pH. Ocean acidification will decrease sound absorption at low frequencies (<10 kHz), enhancing long-range sound propagation. At the same time, temperature changes can modify the sound speed profile, leading to the creation or disappearance of sound ducts in which sound can propagate over large distances. The worldwide effect of climate change was explored for the winter and summer seasons using the (2018 to 2022) and (2094 to 2098, projected) atmospheric and seawater temperature, salinity, pH and wind speed as input. Using numerical modelling, we here explore the impact of climate change on underwater sound propagation. The future climate variables were taken from a Community Earth System Model v2 (CESM2) simulations forced under the concentration-driven SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The sound modeling results show, for future climate change scenarios, a global increase of sound speed at different depths (5, 125, 300, and 640 m) except for the North Atlantic Ocean and the Norwegian Sea, where in the upper 125 m sound speed will decrease by as much as 40 m s−1. This decrease in sound speed results in a new sub-surface duct in the upper 200 m of the water column allowing ship noise to propagate over large distances (>500 km). In the case of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, this sub-surface duct will only be present during winter, leading to similar total mean square pressure level (SPLtot) values in the summer for both (2018 to 2022) and (2094 to 2098). We observed a strong and similar correlation for the two climate change scenarios, with an increase of the top 200 m SPLtot and a slowdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) leading to an increase of SPLtot at the end of the century by 7 dB.
Repeated response execution and inhibition alter subjective preferences but do not affect automatic approach and avoidance tendencies toward an object
Authors: Matsuda Izumi , Nittono Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

Background

Repeated action or inaction toward objects changes preferences for those objects. However, it remains unclear whether such training activates approach-avoidance motivation toward the objects, which leads to actual behavior. We conducted a pre-registered online experiment to examine whether approach and avoidance tendencies were affected by the experience of having executed or withheld a button-press response to a stimulus.

Methods

Participants (N = 236) performed a Go/NoGo task in which they were asked to repeatedly execute a response to a picture of a mug (i.e., Go-primed stimulus) and suppress a response to another picture of a mug (i.e., NoGo-primed stimulus). They then received one of two manikin tasks, which were implicit association tests designed to assess approach–avoidance tendencies. One manikin task measured the reaction times of moving a manikin toward or away from the Go-primed stimulus and the other picture of a mug (i.e., unprimed stimulus). The other manikin task measured the reaction times of moving a manikin toward or away from the NoGo-primed stimulus and the unprimed stimulus. The participants then rated their preference for the Go-primed, NoGo-primed, and unprimed items.

Results

The Go-primed item was evaluated as more highly preferable than the unprimed item in the Go condition, while the NoGo-primed item was evaluated as less preferable than the unprimed item in the NoGo condition. In contrast, the mean approach/avoidance reaction times in the manikin task showed no difference between the Go-primed and unprimed stimuli or between the NoGo-primed and unprimed stimuli.

Conclusion

When participants repeatedly responded or inhibited their responses to an object, their explicit preference for the object increased or decreased, respectively. However, the effect did not occur in approach-avoidance behaviors toward the object.
Planejamento orçamentário e a aplicabilidade do crédito extraordinário no Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Dimmi Yuri das Chagas , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Da Cunha Edileuza Lobato , De Lima Orlem Pinheiro , De Araújo Paulo César Diniz , De Oliveira Júnior Nilson José
Published: October 2023

O orçamento público é norteado por projeto de lei e constituído pelo Poder Executivo. O orçamento público é regido por alguns princípios que servem para garantir que os recursos arrecadados sejam aplicados de forma correta. A elaboração de planejamentos em desalinho com as reais necessidades da comunidade favorece o surgimento de créditos extraordinários que em sua maioria não atende a urgência preconizada na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF de 1988). Quando surgem despesas que não foram previstas e que são urgentes tais como as provenientes de guerra, comoção interna ou calamidade pública o Poder Executivo através de Medidas Provisórias lança mão dos créditos extraordinários. O artigo procurou responder ao seguinte questionamento: Qual a relação existente entre planejamento orçamentário e créditos extraordinários no Brasil? Teve como objetivo geral norteador da pesquisa analisar a relação existente entre planejamento orçamentário e créditos extraordinários no Brasil, utilizando como base à literatura sobre a temática. A metodologia empregada foi bibliográfica, documental e descritiva. Buscou através da literatura abordar assuntos tais como: orçamento público, planejamento, princípios e créditos orçamentários. Teve como autores para o embasamento teórico Paludo (2017), Albuquerque (2022) e a Constituição Federal de 1988. Por fim, conclui que o processo de abertura de crédito extraordinários de maneira geral, poderá ser aperfeiçoado, observando a reflexão realizada acerca do objetivo final,  bem como, da cerne do controle da execução do orçamento, de maneira a se tornar menos propenso à influência de interesses políticos ou ocorrências de possíveis fraudes, buscando-se elaborar planejamento orçamentários eficazes.
Effect of swimming on respiratory function test and lung capacity in children with asthma
Authors: Tizar Ercan , Erdoğan Ramazan , Ayhan Savaş , Karabel Müsemma , Ensari Filiz
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to look at how swimming affects pulmonary function tests and lung capacity in children with asthma. This researcher's objective was to examine the impact of frequent swimming activities on the quality of life of children with asthma. In accordance with the stated goal, the research was carried out using an experimental design with no pretest-posttest control group. The study consisted of 20 asthmatic children aged 6-18 years. An exercise protocol encapsulating free swimming exercises for 60 minutes per session, 3 days a week for 8 weeks was applied in two groups of 10 people. The SPSS 22.0 package program was used to examine the data. The data was subjected to a normality test. For data that was judged to be regularly distributed, parametric tests were utilized. The paired-samples t test was used to compare the study group's pre-post test results. Significance level was accepted as p<0.05. According to the research findings, there was a statistically significant difference in the respiratory parameters pre-post test values of the research group was (p<0.05). In conclusion, swimming workouts appear to improve asthmatic children's development.
Screening of G6PD Deficiency in Newborns at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Assam, North East India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sonowal Bhaskar Borah , Kataki Rita Panyang , Das Alaka , Gogoi Arpita
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most frequently encountered enzymopathy in humans. It is closely linked to neonatal jaundice, chronic non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia, and acute haemolytic anaemia. G6PD deficiency is a common cause of jaundice among neonates. Aim: To screen for G6PD deficiency among newborns at a tertiary care teaching centre in Assam. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the postnatal ward of the Department of Paediatrics at Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, from June 2021 to May 2022. A randomly selected sample of 630 term neonates aged between 24 hours and 7 days of life was included in the study. A 2ml blood sample was collected in an Ethylenediamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA) vial from each neonate, and G6PD enzyme activity was estimated using the Kinetic Method with a commercially available G-six kit. Newborns with G6PD enzyme activity values less than 6.4 U/g Haemoglobin (Hb) were considered G6PD deficient. Data, including age, sex, religion, Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB/NBIL), G6PD activity, and Hb of the neonates, were entered into pre-designed forms. The data were analysed using the Chi-square test. Results: Among the 630 screened neonates, 48 were found to be G6PD deficient, of which the majority were males (34 males, 14 females), resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. The occurrence of G6PD deficiency was 7.62%. The mean G6PD enzyme activity in deficient neonates was 4.53±1.17 U/g Hb. Conclusion: This study identified a significant occurrence of G6PD deficiency in newborns, including females. The mean G6PD enzyme activity in deficient neonates was significantly lower than in normal cases.
Renal Cell Carcinoma Grossly Presenting as Cystic Lesions: A Series of Four Cases
Authors: Kalita Nizam Priya , Das Aseema , Dowerah Swagata , Nath Simanta Jyoti , Das Jayashree
Published: October 2023

Kidney cancer currently ranks as the seventh most common cancer in men and the tenth most common in women. Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC) represents the most common malignancy of the kidney, accounting for 80% of renal carcinomas. Most CCRCC develops in patients aged over 60 years, and the incidence is slightly higher in men than in women. Partial or total nephrectomy cures the majority of patients with CCRCC. In the present discussion, the authors present cases of 4 males with RCC radiographically identified as Space Occupying Lesions (SOL) to warn clinicians that these seemingly solid lesions have a cystic component as well and may harbour underlying malignancy. Grossly, upon cutting the kidney, all four cases showed solid and cystic components, two of which were multiloculated. Histopathological Examination (HPE) revealed three cases of CCRCC and one case of cystic CCRCC. It is difficult to determine preoperatively whether a cyst is malignant based solely on imaging examinations. Regarding disease prognosis, RCC with predominantly cystic components is considered less aggressive than solid RCC. Cystic RCC (CRCC) carries an excellent prognosis following surgical treatment. Partial nephrectomy should be regarded as the preferred surgical technique in the management of CRCC. In conclusion, authors would like to highlight the fact that histopathologists need to be familiar with the different types of RCC presenting with a cystic component, as these have prognostic significance. Clinicians also need to be aware that there are certain caveats in the radiological diagnosis of cystic renal neoplasms, and histopathology may often present a different picture from the radiological diagnosis.
Unveiling the Hidden Patterns: Exploring the Elusive Norm Attainability of Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Evans Mogoi N. , Okwany Isaac O.
Published: October 2023

This research paper delves into the intriguing realm of orthogonal polynomials, focusing on their ability to attain specific norm values and the conditions under which this phenomenon occurs. It explores various polynomial families, both classical and specialized, uncovering the unique characteristics that in uence norm attainability. Beyond theoretical insights, the paper delves into practical applications across multiple disciplines, offering new perspectives and problem-solving opportunities. By marrying rigorous mathematical analysis with real-world relevance, this research enriches our understanding of orthogonal polynomials while demonstrating their potential utility in diverse fields. It invites readers on a journey to unveil hidden patterns within this captivating mathematical domain.
Studies on Genetic Diversity and Variability in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes
Authors: Sheeba A. , Yogameenakshi P. , Aananthi N. , Sasikumaran S. , Vimala G.
Published: October 2023

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity and variability existing among the twenty two fine grain rice genotypes under study for eight significant yield attributes. Genetic diversity analysis based on D2 values suggested the grouping of 22 genotypes into eight clusters with genotypes in varying numbers. The biggest cluster, Cluster I, consisted eight genotypes succeeded by cluster II with 5 and cluster III with 3 genotypes. Distance within cluster was maximum in cluster V followed by the clusters II, III and I. Cluster III showed highest inter-cluster distance with cluster VII and cluster VIII. The traits single plant yield, grains per panicle, plant height and spikelet fertility contributed 94.8 per cent towards total divergence. Hence, these characters warrant maximum attention in hybridization programme and also during selection in the segregating generations. Simple selection procedures may be employed for characters viz., single plant yield, productive tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle and hundred seed weight with high and moderate extent of PCV and GCV.  The characters single plant yield, filled grain per panicle and hundred seed weight showing the prevalence of high heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean which reveals the presence of additive genetic effect.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) Genotypes Through D2 Statistics
Authors: Prajapati P. J. , Acharya R. R. , Parmar D. J. , Patel Parthik
Published: October 2023

One hundred and twenty-four diverse genotypes of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were used for assessment of genetic diversity in muskmelon genotypes through Mahalanobis D2 technique in Randomized Complete Block Design with two replications during the summer 2019. D2 analysis indicated wider genetic diversity among 124 genotypes of muskmelon, which were grouped into 14 clusters. In general, intra-cluster distances were lower than inter-cluster distances, indicating that genotypes included within a cluster tended to diverse less from each other. The maximum inter-cluster distance (D = 1086.24) was found between cluster III and XIV. The minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and II (D = 169.03). The intra-cluster distance (D) ranged from 0.0 (cluster- XIII and XIV) to 337.38 (cluster- XI). The cluster XI showed the highest mean values for most of the morphological parameters desirable for yield. The most productive hybrids and diverse segregating materials might come from high yielding parents with high genetic diversity. Therefore, based upon high yielding genotypes and large inter-cluster distances, crossing of the genotypes belonging to cluster XI and V might be used in hybridization programme to produce derived transgressive segregants for traits of interest to improve muskmelon.
Improved Range of Motion and Decreased Complications After Total Knee Arthroplasty with Use of Plethy Recupe Remote Patient Monitoring: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hui Timothy , Greene Hunter , Sasaura Paul , Subramanian Subu , Sharew Bereket Ayalneh , Woldebirhan Yordanos
Published: October 2023

Background: Home exercise plans (HEP) are key to recovery from surgeries, but poor compliance limits benefits.  Digital health shows promise in improving compliance.  This retrospective study compared pain, range of motion (ROM), and manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) complications after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from one clinic where one group used digital health and another did not.

Methods: Patient population was all TKA patients from 9/1/21 to 4/30/22.  For rehabilitation, 41 patients used Recupe, a digital app that instructs and monitors home exercises along with live coaching.  95 patients did not.  Age, gender, and BMI between both groups were very similar.

Results: ROM improved significantly with the use of Recupe, improving to 120 degrees after 1 month – a key ROM for function.  The non-Recupe group improved to 112 degrees in the same timeframe.

The need for MUA was significantly better for the Recupe group, where 2% required MUA versus 5% for the other group, indicating a lower risk of major complications.

Pain averaged 2.34/10 for the Recupe group after 1 month versus 2.86/10 for the non-Recupe group, though not statistically significant.

The Recupe group performed their exercises an average of 5.1 times per week.

Conclusions: The Recupe group and the Non-Recupe group both attended medical and physical therapy visits, so the significant differences in results are likely due to non-adherence of HEP by the Non-Recupe group.  This suggests that lengthened musculoskeletal recovery amongst workers may be due to non-adherence to prescribed care plans, and that digital health may improve their compliance.

Use of Recupe during rehabilitation after a Total Knee Arthroplasty results in significantly faster ROM improvement and significantly decreased risk of Manipulation Under Anesthesia.  Pain was also decreased though not to statistical significance.
Unraveling the Enhancement of Confined Water on the Li‐Ion Transport of Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Xiao Zunqiu , Li Yutong , Leng Jin , Xiang Kejia , Wei Wei , Wang Huaying , Hong Zijian , Zhang Zhongtai , Wang Shitong , Tang Zilong
Published: October 2023

Oxide solid electrolytes are attractive for the implementation of solid‐state Li‐ion batteries. However, constrained by the large ion‐transport hindrance inside the densely packed lattice, their Li‐ion conductivity can hardly reach the level of liquid electrolytes. A strategy of introducing confined water into the lattice paves a new way for enhancing the Li‐ion transport, which has been reported in the previous studies. To further verify the universality of this strategy and unravel the facilitation mechanism, here this work establishes an ideal model using Li‐H‐Cl‐O quaternary compounds with a wide electrochemical stability window. As a major kind of confined water, the content and type of ─OH groups are crucial parameters affecting the Li‐ion conductivity. Through a controllable dehydration technique, the hydrogen‐bonded ─OH groups can be mostly removed, leaving the free ─OH groups in lattice, which is beneficial to the increase of free volume and acceleration of rotation response. The 1–2 orders of magnitude enhancement of Li‐ion conductivity ensures full cells good rate and cycling performance. This work not only addresses the controversy in Li‐H‐Cl‐O about the hydrogen effect on Li‐ion transport, but also provides detailed theoretical insights for the rational design of solid electrolytes.
Implantable Flexible Sensors for Health Monitoring
Authors: Yu Aoxi , Zhu Mingye , Chen Congkai , Li Yang , Cui Haixia , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: October 2023

Flexible sensors, as a significant component of flexible electronics, have attracted great interest the realms of human–computer interaction and health monitoring due to their high conformability, adjustable sensitivity, and excellent durability. In comparison to wearable sensor‐based in vitro health monitoring, the use of implantable flexible sensors (IFSs) for in vivo health monitoring offers more accurate and reliable vital sign information due to their ability to adapt and directly integrate with human tissue. IFSs show tremendous promise in the field of health monitoring, with unique advantages such as robust signal reading capabilities, lightweight design, flexibility, and biocompatibility. Herein, a review of IFSs for vital signs monitoring is detailly provided, highlighting the essential conditions for in vivo applications. As the prerequisites of IFSs, the stretchability and wireless self‐powered properties of the sensor are discussed, with a special attention paid to the sensing materials which can maintain prominent biosafety (i.e., biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioresorbability). Furthermore, the applications of IFSs monitoring various parts of the body are described in detail, with a summary in brain monitoring, eye monitoring, and blood monitoring. Finally, the challenges as well as opportunities in the development of next‐generation IFSs are presented.
Catalyzing Artificial Photosynthesis with TiO2 Heterostructures and Hybrids: Emerging Trends in a Classical yet Contemporary Photocatalyst
Authors: Ruan Xiaowen , Li Shijie , Huang Chengxiang , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang , Ravi Sai Kishore
Published: October 2023

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) stands out as a versatile transition‐metal oxide with applications ranging from energy conversion/storage and environmental remediation to sensors and optoelectronics. While extensively researched for these emerging applications, TiO2 has also achieved commercial success in various fields including paints, inks, pharmaceuticals, food additives, and advanced medicine. Thanks to the tunability of their structural, morphological, optical, and electronic characteristics, TiO2 nanomaterials are among the most researched engineering materials. Besides these inherent advantages, the low cost, low toxicity, and biocompatibility of TiO2 nanomaterials position them as a sustainable choice of functional materials for energy conversion. Although TiO2 is a classical photocatalyst well‐known for its structural stability and high surface activity, TiO2‐based photocatalysis is still an active area of research particularly in the context of catalyzing artificial photosynthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and emerging trends in TiO2 heterostructures and hybrids for artificial photosynthesis. It begins by discussing the common synthesis methods for TiO2 nanomaterials, including hydrothermal synthesis and sol–gel synthesis. It then delves into TiO2 nanomaterials and their photocatalytic mechanisms, highlighting the key advancements that have been made in recent years. The strategies to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2, including surface modification, doping modulation, heterojunction construction, and synergy of composite materials, with a specific emphasis on their applications in artificial photosynthesis, are discussed. TiO2‐based heterostructures and hybrids present exciting opportunities for catalyzing solar fuel production, organic degradation, and CO2 reduction via artificial photosynthesis. This review offers an overview of the latest trends and advancements, while also highlighting the ongoing challenges and prospects for future developments in this classical yet rapidly evolving field.
Mathematical Model and Parameter Analysis of the Sintering Process for Ternary Cathode Materials
Authors: Ma Boyang , Dou Ruifeng , Peng Hailong , He Xueli , Zheng Mingzhao , Sun Weili , Chen Zhaodong , Liu Xunliang , Wen Zhi
Published: October 2023

The ternary cathode material LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 is widely used in lithium batteries, and the sintering process plays a crucial role in its production. Proper configuration of sintering kiln parameters directly affects the quality of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. However, determining optimal working conditions through onsite trials is time‐consuming and expensive. A predictive model for the sintering furnace of ternary cathode material is developed. The predictive model incorporates chemical reactions, thermal conduction inside the saggars, and convective and radiative heat transfer within the furnace. It comprehensively analyzes the relationship between furnace temperature and material temperature. Radiative heat transfer within the furnace is calculated using the Monte Carlo method, and convective heat transfer properties on the surface of the saggars are obtained through computational fluid dynamics simulations. Heat transfer inside the saggars is resolved using the finite difference method. The model accounts for the effects of operational and structural parameters. Onsite experiments validate the accuracy of the model, with a simulation error of <±10% under typical working conditions. Leveraging this model, the effects of loading quantity, moving velocity, and saggar size on the sintering of ternary cathode materials are compared. Optimization recommendations are proposed to enhance production capacity.
The impact of old‐age pension on nutritional outcomes: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Ren Yanjun , Liu Weigang , Huo Xuexi , Glauben Thomas
Published: October 2023

Extensive studies have discussed the economic and welfare effects of social pensions worldwide, while scant attention has been paid to their nutritional effects, especially in emerging economies. Using multitopic longitudinal survey data of households and individuals in Kyrgyzstan covering four waves of 2012, 2013, 2016, and 2019, this study aims to examine the impact of an old‐age pension on the nutritional outcomes of the elderly and shed light on their underlying mechanisms. Our empirical identification rests on a propensity score matching with difference‐in‐differences estimation design to address the endogeneity problem of receiving an old‐age pension. Overall, the results indicate that receiving an old‐age pension has a significant and negative impact on body mass index and the probability of being overweight for males, while no significant impact of the old‐age pension has been observed for females. Receiving an old‐age pension has no significant effect on expenditure of food consumption, calorie intake, and macronutrient intake, while it significantly reduces the ratio of protein intake to total calorie intake. We also observe significant heterogeneity in the nutritional effect of an old‐age pension across various education levels and income levels; the negative nutritional effect is more salient for elderly individuals who are relatively poor or who have lower education. Our findings provide profound implications for policies targeting improving the nutritional status of rural residents in emerging economies through the implementation of the old‐age pension [EconLit Citations: H55, I15, I38].
Enantio‐ and Regioselective Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Dearomatization of Pyridines
Authors: Pappoppula Mukesh , Olsen Kathryn L. , Ketelboeter Devin R. , Aponick Aaron
Published: October 2023

A copper‐catalyzed dearomative alkynylation of pyridines is reported with excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities. The synthetically valuable enantioenriched 2‐alkynyl‐1,2‐dihydropyridine products afforded are generated from the readily available feedstock, pyridine, and commercially available terminal alkynes. The three‐component reaction between a pyridine, a terminal alkyne, and methyl chloroformate employs copper chloride and StackPhos, a chiral biaryl P,N‐ ligand, as the catalytic system. Under mild reaction conditions, the desired 1,2‐addition products are delivered in up to 99 % yield with regioselectivity ratios up to 25 : 1 and enantioselectivities values of up to 99 % ee. Activated and non‐activated terminal alkynes containing a wide range of functional groups are well tolerated. Even acetylene gas delivered mono‐alkynylated products in high yield and ee. Application of the methodology in an efficient enantioselective synthesis of the chiral piperidine indolizidine, coniceine, is reported.
Asymmetric Radical Oxyboration of β‐Substituted Styrenes via Late‐Stage Stereomutation
Authors: Yuan Xiuping , Zhang Yiliang , Li Yanfei , Yin Jianjun , Wang Simin , Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian
Published: October 2023

Herein, we report an unprecedented copper‐catalyzed highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective radical oxyboration of β‐substituted styrenes. The lynchpin of success is ascribed to the development of a late‐stage stereomutation strategy, which enables enantioenriched cis‐isomers among a couple of early‐generated diastereomers to be converted into trans‐isomer counterparts, thus fulfilling high diastereocontrol; while the degree of enantio‐differentiation is determined by the borocupration process of the C=C bond. This reaction provides an efficient protocol to access enantioenriched trans‐1,2‐ dioxygenation products. The value of this method has further been highlighted in a diversity of follow‐up stereospecific transformations and further modifying complex molecules.
Constructing Intrapenetrated Hierarchical Zeolites with Highly Complete Framework via Protozeolite Seeding
Authors: Liu Yinghao , Wang Xingxing , Li Junyan , Zhang Qiang , Niu Zijian , Wang Sen , Gao Yanjing , Gao Mingkun , Bai Risheng , Zhou Yida , Fan Weibin , Terasaki Osamu , Xu Jun , Yu Jihong
Published: October 2023

Creation of intrapenetrated mesopores with open highway from external surface into the interior of zeolite crystals are highly desirable that can significantly improve the molecular transport and active sites accessibility of microporous zeolites to afford enhanced catalytic properties. Here, different from traditional zeolite‐seeded methods that generally produced isolated mesopores in zeolites, nanosized amorphous protozeolites with embryo structure of zeolites were used as seeds for the construction of single‐crystalline hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites with intrapenetrated mesopores (mesopore volume of 0.51 cm3 g−1) and highly complete framework. In this strategy, in contrast to the conventional synthesis, only a small amount of organic structure directing agents and a low crystallization temperature were adopted to promise the protozeolites as the dominant growth directing sites to induce crystallization. The protozeolite nanoseeds provided abundant nucleation sites for surrounding precursors to be crystallized, followed by oriented coalescence of crystallites resulting in the formation of intrapenetrated mesopores. The as‐prepared hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites exhibited ultra‐long lifetime of 443.9 hours and a high propylene selectivity of 47.92 % at a WHSV of 2 h−1 in the methanol‐to‐propylene reaction. This work provides a facile protozeolite‐seeded strategy for the synthesis of intrapenetrated hierarchical zeolites that are highly effective for catalytic applications.
Unravelling the Roles of Solvophobic Effects and π⋅⋅⋅π Stacking Interactions in the Formation of [2]Catenanes Featuring Di‐(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Building Blocks
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Wen , Lu Ye , Sun Li‐Ying , Dutschke Patrick D. , Gan Ming‐Ming , Zhang Le , Hepp Alexander , Han Ying‐Feng , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: October 2023

A series of [2]catenanes has been prepared from di‐NHC building blocks by utilizing solvophobic effects and/or π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. The dinickel naphthobiscarbene complex syn‐[1] and the kinked biphenyl‐bridged bipyridyl ligand L2 yield the [2]catenane [2‐IL](OTf)4 by self‐assembly. Solvophobic effects are pivotal for the formation of the interlocked species. Substitution of the biphenyl‐linker in L2 for a pyromellitic diimide group gave ligand L3, which yielded in combination with syn‐[1] the [2]catenane [3‐IL](OTf)4. This assembly exhibits enhanced stability in diluted solution, aided by additional π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. The π⋅⋅⋅π stacking was augmented by the introduction of a pyrene bridge between two NHC donors in ligand L4. Di‐NHC precursor H2‐L4(PF6)2 reacts with Ag2O to give the [Ag2L42]2 [2]catenane [4‐IL](PF6)4, which shows strong π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions between the pyrene groups. This assembly was readily converted into the [Au2L42]2 gold species [5‐IL](PF6)4, which exhibits exceptional stability based on the strong π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions and the enhanced stability of the Au‐CNHC bonds.
A Dual‐Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer for Multi‐Level Encryption and Transient Information Display
Authors: Wang Hong‐Qin , Tang Yuqi , Huang Zi‐Yang , Wang Fang‐Zhou , Qiu Peng‐Fei , Zhang Xinfang , Li Cheng‐Hui , Li Quan
Published: October 2023

Information security has gained increasing attention in the past decade, leading to the development of advanced materials for anti‐counterfeiting, encryption and instantaneous information display. However, it remains challenging to achieve high information security with simple encryption procedures and low‐energy stimuli. Herein, a series of strain/temperature‐responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are developed to achieve dual‐modal, multi‐level information encryption and real‐time, rewritable transient information display. The as‐prepared polydomain LCEs can change from an opaque state to a transparent state under strain or temperature stimuli, with the transition strains or temperatures highly dependent on the concentration of long‐chain flexible spacers. Information encrypted by different LCE inks can be decrypted under specific strains or temperatures, leading to multi‐level protection of information security. Furthermore, with the combination of the phase transition of polydomain LCEs and the photothermal effect of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), we achieved a repeatable transient information display by using near‐infrared (NIR) light as a pen for writing. This study provides new insight into the development of advanced encryption materials with versatility and high security for broad applications.
Über die Detonationsgeschwindigkeit des Methans und Dizyans im Gemisch mit Sauerstoff und Stickstoff
Authors: Döring W. , Schön G.
Published: October 2023

Die Detonationsgeschwindigkeiten einiger Gemische des Methans und Dizyans mit Sauerstoff und Stickstoff, welche von Dixon gemessen wurden, werden unter Berücksichtigung der Dissoziation der Gase in den Schwaden berechnet. Es wird gezeigt, daß die beobachtete Abnahme der Detonationsgeschwindigkeit mit wachsendem Sauerstoffgehalt und ihre geringe Änderung beim Ersetzen eines Teiles des Sauerstoffes durch Stickstoff nicht von der unvollständigen Erreichung des chemischen Gleichgewichtes in der Reaktionszone herrührt, sondern auf die verschiedenartigen Einflüsse der Dissoziation des Kohlendioxyds, des Sauerstoffes und des Stickstoffes zurückzuführen ist. An Hand eines ins einzelne gehenden Bildes von der Struktur der Reaktionszone werden die Abweichungen zwischen den theoretischen und experimentellen Ergebnissen qualitativ gedeutet.
Über den Reaktionsmechanismus der Kohleverbrennung bei Atmosphärendruck
Authors: Baetke F. W.
Published: October 2023

Bei hoher Strömungsgeschwindigkeit (30–100 m/sec) lieferten Verbrennungsversuche mit trockner, durch Kohlekanäle gesaugter Luft im Abgas hauptsächlich CO neben unverbrauchtem Sauerstoff. Verminderter Gesamtdruck oder Halogenzusatz ergaben Abgase mit relativen CO‐Ausbeuten pCO/ (PCO+PCO2) von 0,9 bis 0,95.

Es wird daher angenommen, daß bei Atmosphärendruck primär Kohlenoxyd gebildet wird. Dieses kann unter bestimmten Versuchsbedingungen auch bei geringeren Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten unverbrannt im Abgas erhalten werden.
Über die chemischen Potentiale von Gitterbausteinen
Authors: Lange Erich
Published: October 2023

Es wird auf die Notwendigkeit hingewiesen, bei der Verwendung chemischer Potentiale von Gitterbausteinen die z.T. erheblichen Energieunterschiede verschiedener spezifischer Lagen zu beachten, z.B. der Zwischengitterplätze, der Gitterinnenplätze und der wiederholbaren Ecklagen an der Gitteroberfläche. Am Beispiel eines Atomgitters werden einige μ‐Aussagen, Reaktionsarbeiten für Lagenänderungen und Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen angegeben.
Experimente zum Primärprozeß der Photosynthese
Authors: Witt H. T.
Published: October 2023

Bei Anregung der Photosynthese mit Blitzlicht wurden mit einer besonderen Apparatur kurzzeitige optische Absorptionsänderungen beobachtet. In Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen physikalischen und chemischen Parametern zeigen diese Absorptionsänderungen Eigenschaften, die auf einen unmittelbaren Zusammenhang mit dem Primärprozeß hinweisen. Mit dieser Methode ist es möglich, den Primärprozeß der Photosynthese getrennt vom Gesamtprozeß zu untersuchen.
Das Göttinger Integralprogramm
Authors: Preuss H.
Published: October 2023

Bei der Berechnung von Moleküleigenschaften nach der Quantenmechanik sind eine Reihe langwieriger Integrationen erforderlich, die die Rechnungen stark belasten. Es ist daher sehr wünschenswert, die Integrale schon tabelliert vorliegen zu haben. Dieses Ziel verfolgt das hiesige Integralprogramm mit besonderer Hilfe der elektronischen Rechenmaschinen G 1 und G 2. Zur Zeit sind die Tabellen aller Wechselwirkungsintegrale mit gleichen Abschirmzahlen in den verwendeten Slater‐Funktionen und die Einelektronen‐integrale bei verschiedener Abschirmzahl sowie eine Reihe von Hilfsfunktionen fertiggestellt. Alle Tabellen werden in einigen Bänden im Springer‐Verlag veröffentlicht.
Die Struktur der Einschlußverbindungen des Phenols
Authors: Stackelberg M. V. , Hoverath A. , Scheringer Ch.
Published: October 2023

Die isomorphen Verbindungen des Phenols mit X, HCl, HBr, HJ, H2S, H2Se, SO2, CO2, COS, CS2, CH3Br, CH2Cl2, CH3CHF2, CH2CHF kristallisieren in der rhomboedrischen Raumgruppe C32i — R 3 mit den Gitter‐konstanten a = 12,05 Å, α = 86,0° bis 85,0° (letzteres bei länglichen Gastmolekeln: SO2, CO2). Die Zelle enthält 12 Phenolmolekeln und normalerweise 4 Gastmolekeln, bei sehr kleinen Gastmolekeln (HCl, HBr) mehr, bei großen (CS2) weniger.

Je 6 Phenolmolekeln sind zu einem Ring verbunden, indem die Sauerstoffatome über Wasserstoffbrücken zu einem ebenen Sechseck verkettet sind. Die an den Sauerstoffatomen hängenden 6 Phenylreste sind aus der Sechseckebene abwechselnd nach oben und nach unten herausgeklappt. Je zwei solche Sechsringe liegen im Abstand von 5,6 Å parallel übereinander. Diese Zwölfergruppen besetzen die Ecken der Elementarzelle (Normale der Sauerstoffring‐Ebenen in [111]‐Richtung). Im Inneren dieser Zwölfergruppe befindet sich der Hohlraum I. Art, der von einer Gastmolekel besetzt wird. Die größeren, in 1/2 1/2 1/2 liegenden, nach [111] gestreckten Hohlräume II. Art werden von 3 (bis 4) Gastmolekeln besetzt. Große Molekeln (CS2) besetzen nur die Hohlräume II, wobei in I Luftmolekeln aufgenommen werden können.

Es handelt sich um ausgesprochene Käfigverbindungen. Die Struktur ist der der Hydrochinon‐Einschluß‐verbindungen analog.
Untersuchungen über das H+‐Ionengrenzstromgebiet
Authors: Breiter M.
Published: October 2023

Das H+‐Ionengrenzstromgebiet wurde mittels stationärer potentiostatischer Stromspannungskurven und mittels kathodischer Einschaltvorgänge in stark verdünnten schwefelsauren Lösungen mit Fremdsalzüberschuß und ohne Fremdsalzzusatz an anodisch vorbehandelten glatten Pt‐Elektroden untersucht. Die in schwach schwefelsauren Lösungen mit Fremdsalzüberschuß bei H2‐Bespülung aufgenommenen kathodischen und anodischen Stromspannungskurven stimmen gut mit den unter der Voraussetzung berechneten Kurven überein, daß die Diffusion der H+‐Ionen und der H2‐Moleküle geschwindigkeitsbestimmend ist. Aus den Bezugsspannung‐Zeit‐Kurven kathodischer galvanostatischer Einschaltvorgänge von der Ruhespannung U = 0 aus wird die Übergangszeit τH+, innerhalb der die H+‐Ionenkonzentration an der Elektrodenoberfläche auf annähernd den Wert der H+‐Ionenkonzentration des neutralen Wassers absinkt, in Abhängigkeit von der kathodischen Stromdichte ik in schwach schwefelsauren Lösungen verschiedener H+‐Ionenkonzentration mit Fremdsalzüberschuß und ohne Fremdsalzzusatz ermittelt. Aus dem experimentellen Befund ik√rdτH+ = const für Lösungen mit Fremdsalzüberschuß und ohne Fremdsalzzusatz läßt sich schließen, daß die der H+‐Ionenabscheidung vorgelagerte Dissoziation von Wassermolekülen in H+‐Ionen und OH−‐Ionen in den untersuchten Lösungen praktisch ungehemmt abläuft. Der Einfluß des sich in Lösungen ohne Fremdsalzzusatz innerhalb der Diffusionsschicht ausbildenden elektrischen Potentialabfalls auf die Übergangszeiten τH+ wird diskutiert. Die Bezugsspannung‐Zeit‐Kurven anodischer galvanostatischer Einschaltvorgänge ergeben, daß die Belegung der Elektrodenoberfläche mit adsorbierten H‐Atomen an aktiven Pt‐Elektroden in schwach schwefelsauren Lösungen in ähnlicher Weise mit wachsender Bezugsspannung von U = 0 aus abnimmt wie in konzentrierteren Lösungen. Aus den anodischen Bezugsspannung‐Zeit‐Kurven in Lösungen mit Fremdsalzüberschuß läßt sich, wie ein Vergleich mit den unter der Annahme reiner Konzentrationsüberspannung berechneten Bezugsspannung‐Zeit‐Kurven zeigt, auf eine geringe Ionisierungshemmung der adsorbierten H‐Atome in H+‐Ionen schließen. Trotz der relativ geringen H+‐Ionenkonzentration in den verwendeten schwach schwefelsauren Lösungen ist der Einfluß der Durchtrittsreaktionen auf die Geschwindigkeit der kathodischen H+‐Ionenabscheidung bzw. der anodischen H2‐Auflösung an aktiven Pt‐Elektroden vernachlässigbar gegen den Einfluß der Transportvorgänge.
Die Geschwindigkeit der Oxydation (Korrosion) des Titans in geschmolzenem Salz und die Zusammensetzung der Oxydationsprodukte
Authors: Straumanis M. E. , Chiou Ch.
Published: October 2023

Wird metallisches Titan unter geschmolzenem NaCl in Gegenwart von Luft erhitzt, so oxydiert sich das Metall sehr schnell. Der Sauerstoff diffundiert hierbei durch die flüssige Salzschmelze zum Metall, wo er sich löst. Sobald die Oberflächenschicht eine Sauerstoff konzentration von etwa 6,2 Gew.‐%, der Zusammen‐setzung von TiO0.2 entsprechend, erreicht hat, bröckelt die Schicht vom Metall und wird im geschmolzenen Salz dispergiert. Diese TiOx‐Partikeln sind besonders aktiv, indem sie sich auf den Wänden des Tiegels oder auf manche, in die Schmelze getauchten Metalle in Form einer zusammenhängenden Ti‐Schicht abscheiden. Das Losbrechen der TiOx‐Oberflächenschicht vom kompakten Titan verursacht die schwere Korrosion des letzteren. Die Gewichtsverluste sind lineare Funktionen der Zeit und Temperatur und die Korrosions‐geschwindigkeiten betragen 0,00607 bei 880°, 0,0104 bei 950° und 0,0136 g h−1 cm−2 bei 1000 °C. Die niedrige Aktivierungswärme nach Arrhenius (19,140 cal mol−1, berechnet aus den Geschwindigkeiten) erklärt die Leichtigkeit des Oxydationsprozesses. Allein, die Reaktion könnte auch von nur scheinbarer nullter Ordnung sein.
Beobachtungen bei der Diffusion im System Gold‐Silber
Authors: Ruth V.
Published: October 2023

Nach einer kontinuierlichen Messung der Kirkendall‐Wanderung im System Gold‐Silber, die Karger mit einer Stabwaage durchführte, erfolgt die Verschiebung der markierten Schweißebene unstetig. Dieser Sachverhalt läßt vermuten, daß an dem Kirkendall‐Effekt die Verlagerung größerer Kristallbereiche beteiligt ist. An Hand der vorliegenden Beobachtungen einer Anzahl von Oberflächeneffekten, die bei der Metalldiffusion im System Gold‐Silber auftreten, konnte diese Vermutung erhärtet werden.

Die Wulst‐ und Talzone in der Umgebung der Schweißnaht wurde in Abhängigkeit von der Glühdauer und ‐temperatur gemessen. Einige Oberflächenerscheinungen wurden mikrophotographisch untersucht: Die Ausbildung von kristallin geformten Löchern und von „Kanälchen”︁ auf der Seite der silberreicheren Legierung und auf der Seite der goldreicheren Legierung die Entstehung von Rissen längs der Korngrenzen und eine der Lochbildung analoge Erscheinung des Kristallwachstums. Ferner konnte in der Diffusionszone eine ausgeprägte Riffelbildung und eine Erhöhung der Sintergeschwindigkeit festgestellt werden.
Undescended superior parathyroid: A case report
Authors: Sina Elliott M. , Han Chihun J. , Cottrill Elizabeth E.
Published: October 2023

Aberrant migration of parathyroid glands from their embryologic origin may result in undescended parathyroid glands. We present a case of an ectopic parathyroid adenoma at the level of the pyriform sinus. A 41‐year‐old female was evaluated for primary hyperparathyroidism. Following non‐localizing ultrasound and planar sestamibi imaging, the patient underwent SPECT/CT and 4‐D computed tomography demonstrating evidence of an ectopic parathyroid adenoma. The surgical approach was modified based on the location. Following extirpation, PTH fell from 80 to 16 pg/mL, and the 15‐min post‐excision level remained stable at 14pg/mL, indicating a biochemical cure. While rare, undescended parathyroid adenoma should be considered when preoperative imaging fails to identify a target adenoma or after unsuccessful surgery. The combined use of 99m Tc‐MBI or 4D CT and other anatomical scans may improve diagnostic accuracy. Due to the potential need to perform a second incision to conduct a four‐gland exploration, preoperative patient discussion regarding surgical risks may differ from that of a standard parathyroidectomy.
Listeria meningitis diagnosed by blood culture with fever, neurological symptoms, and no meningeal irritation signs
Authors: Tago Masaki , Hirata Risa , Hirakawa Yuka , Makio Seijiro , Oishi Toru , Nakamura Masahiko , Yamashita Shun , Tokushima Yoshinori , Tokushima Midori , Katsuki Naoko E. , Aihara Hidetoshi , Fujiwara Motoshi
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Listeria can cause neurological symptoms in immunocompromised and older patients. Additionally, it is impossible to rule out meningitis by the absence of typical meningeal irritation signs. Therefore, patients with fever and neurological impairments should be rapidly examined for blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures to rule out Listeria meningitis.

A woman in her 90s developed fever, dysarthria, and transient disturbance of consciousness. Physical examination revealed no meningeal irritation signs. Listeria monocytogenes were detected in her blood culture the following day. Because of an increased number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid, she was diagnosed with Listeria meningitis.
Rapidly and successful improvement of nail psoriasis with risankizumab
Authors: Orsini Diego , Pacifico Alessia , Iacovelli Paolo , Frascione Pasquale , De Simone Paola , Assorgi Chiara , Pigliacelli Flavia
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

This clinical case demonstrates quick resolution of nail psoriasis in a patient treated with risankizumab, highlighting the role of IL‐23 in the pathogenesis of nail psoriasis.
A life‐threatening presentation of postgastrectomy exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: A case report
Authors: Rahimipour Anaraki Shiva , Gholizadeh Mesgarha Milad , Bahadorizadeh Leyla , Hassanzadeh Morteza
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Physicians must be alert for the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency diagnosis through the follow‐up of postgastrectomy patients, regardless the severity and lag time. Urgent albumin and pancreatic enzyme replacement should be considered when diagnosed.

It is documented that exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) can develop after gastrectomy. Steatorrhea, malnutrition, and weight loss are common symptoms of the disease; however, it is usually mild to moderate postgastrectomy. This article reports a case of EPI manifested by hypoalbuminemia leading to dyspnea and anasarca, which are not typical symptoms of postgastrectomy EPI. A 61‐year‐old man with a history of gastric adenocarcinoma treated by total gastrectomy and chemoradiotherapy was admitted to the hospital with dyspnea and anasarca. Despite being diagnosed as a case of malignancy recurrence in another hospital, based on the symptoms described, no evidence of malignancy was found. His ascites and pleural effusion were determined to be caused by hypoalbuminemia. In addition, he claimed steatorrhea, and his stool elastase was lower than expected. EPI was diagnosed based on his medical history, paraclinical tests, and examinations. He remained asymptomatic for 1 year after being treated with albumin and pancreatic enzymes. Postgastrectomy EPI may be severe enough to cause steatorrhea or hypoalbuminemia. Hence, regardless of the severity of the presentation, physicians must be alert for this diagnosis throughout the follow‐up of patients with a history of gastrectomy. Urgent albumin and pancreatic enzyme replacement should be considered when diagnosed.