bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Benzylamine Derivatives: Synthesis, Anti-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Evaluation and Predicted ADMET Properties
Authors: Sedibana Mmaserole R. , Leboho Tlabo C.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by the bacillus bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major contributors of ill health in the world. TB is ranked in the top 10 causes of death globally and it is the leading killer associated with a single infectious agent. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), global number of deaths associated with TB have been slowly declining with 1.3 million in reported 2016 and 2017, and 1.2 million reported in 2018 and 2019.

Objective:

The synthesis, characterisation, biological evaluations, and the prediction of ADMET properties of the novel benzylamine derivatives.

Methods:

Commercially available reagents and solvents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and Merck (South Africa). All chemicals were used as received, unless otherwise stated. The synthesised crude compounds were purified by flash silica gel column chromatography (5 – 30% ethyl acetate in hexane). The successful formation and purity of the synthesised compounds was confirmed by NMR, HRMS and melting point.

Results:

The respective organic compounds were synthesised by treating 3-ethoxysalcyladehyde, 5-bromo-3-ethoxysalcyladehyde, 5-chloro-3-ethoxysalcyladehyde with various aromatic amines and the products were obtained in good to excellent yields. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of all the products showed the appearance of the methylene signals ranging from 3.88 – 4.68 ppm and 42.25 – 52.57 ppm respectively. Additionally, most compounds showed anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity that ranged between 20 and 28 µM.

Conclusion:

A total of 36 compounds were synthesised and successfully biologically evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37RV strain. All compounds showed activity against Mtb at concentrations of > 20 µM < 28 µM with the exception of compound one that was active against Mtb at higher concentration (MIC90 > 125 µM).
Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients’ Breath during Conversation
Authors: Ito Masaaki , Mimura Tatsuya , Noma Hidetaka , Inoue Yuji , Kawashima Makoto , Mizuno Yoshinobu , Watanabe Emiko , Mizota Atsushi
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

The protracted coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented global health, social, economic, and psychological crisis. COVID-19 is transmitted via droplets, which include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by COVID-19 carriers. As a result, medical healthcare workers interacting with COVID-19 patients are at a high risk of infection. In this study, we measured the concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) in the droplets of patients during conversations.

Methods:

Thirty patients aged 20–88 years were enrolled in this study. The amounts of VOCs, formaldehyde (HCHO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) as surrogate parameters for the patient’s droplets were measured at a distance of 1 m from the patients under the following conditions: 1) no conversation with a mask on, 2) conversation with a mask on, 3) conversation without a mask on, and 4) no conversation without a mask on.

Results:

The average concentrations of TVOCs (mg/m3), HCHO (mg/m3), and CO2 (ppm) were all the lowest before the masked conversation (1.79 ± 1.72, 0.25 ± 0.25, 1193 ± 516), increased during the masked conversation (1.99 ± 1.87, 0.29 ± 0.24, 1288 ± 555), were the highest during the unmasked conversation (3.10 ± 1.86, 0.45 ± 0.28, 1705 ± 729), and decreased to baseline after the unmasked conversation (1.89 ± 1.88, 0.26 ± 0.27, 1191 ± 518, respectively). Variations in TVOC and HCHO concentrations were positively correlated with patient age (TVOC: r = 0.42, p = 0.019 and HCHO: r = 0.47, p = 0.008).

Conclusion:

Wearing a mask reduced the VOC concentrations measured during conversations more than when a mask was not worn. Therefore, wearing a mask can reduce the emission of airborne droplet-derived VOCs and thereby reduce the risk of transmission of unknown patient-derived infections.

Clinical Trial Registration no:

The Clinical Trial Registration no: (UMIN000039595)
Recovery-oriented Programmes to Support the Recovery Approach to Mental Health in Africa: Findings of PhD: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kebope Mongie Kealeboga , Eva Manyedi , Salaminah Phiri-Moloko
Published: February 2023

Background:

Researchers in the field of mental health and people living with a diagnosis of mental illness advocate recovery-oriented mental healthcare approach. Most developed countries have adopted the recovery-oriented approach in mental health facilities to care for people diagnosed with mental illness. However, Africa is left behind in implementing and adopting such a model of care.

Objective:

The objective of the review was to explore the global literature on recovery-oriented mental healthcare programmes, where they originate, are implemented, as well as identify gaps in the literature for further research.

Methods:

The scoping review utilised a refined framework of Arskey and O'Mally (2005) by Levac et al. (Levac, Colquhoun, & O'Brien, 2010). Different databases were systematically searched, and The PRISMA Flow Chart was used to select the articles included in the review.

Results:

From the initial 560 identified papers, 31 met the review’s inclusion criteria. The results indicated that most recovery-oriented programmes were developed in well-developed Western countries. It was evident from the included studies that the recovery-oriented mental healthcare programmes were effective for and appreciated by people diagnosed with mental illness. None of the identified and included studies discussed any developed recovery-oriented mental healthcare programme in Africa.

Implications for Nursing:

Nurses need to understand and implement the latest treatment modalities in mental health practice, and recovery-oriented care is one such practice.

Conclusion:

The review established that most recovery mental healthcare programmes are from Western high-resourced countries and have proven to be effective and appreciated by people diagnosed with mental illness. At the time of the review, no study indicated that a recovery-oriented mental healthcare programme was developed in the Sub-Saharan African context. Therefore, this calls for Africa to develop and implement a recovery-oriented programme to meet the mental health needs of people diagnosed with mental illness.
State Public Health Communications and Public Compliance during the Pre-election SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Interpreting the Effectiveness of Messaging Guidelines Utilizing Moral Foundations Theory
Authors: Hall James F.
Published: February 2023

Background:

State-level public health messaging during the pre-election coronavirus pandemic was very inconsistent. Moral motivational content of the messages, as characterized by moral foundations theory, may have contributed to the degree of compliance in particular states. More attention to this content might result in greater compliance and a lessening of the pandemic's severity.

Methods:

A comprehensive review of official state messaging in six U.S. states (California, Florida, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, and Texas) was reviewed for the number and distribution of moral foundations as described by moral foundations theory. A search was done for state-level data concerning compliance with mask-wearing and social distancing, the primary public precautionary measures during the pandemic. Rates of compliance by the state were compared with messaging content and analyzed for associations and correlations with the known partisan leanings of the states. Examples of messages with balanced moral foundations, which might be prospectively employed for greater acceptance, were presented. All data were gathered prior to the introduction of the first available vaccine.

Results:

Message review and compliance data suggested that the quantity and proportion of coronavirus-related official messages and the utilization of a balanced combination of moral foundations were associated with higher levels of compliance with the recommended public health measures and lower infection rates. The political orientations of states did not align with the use of known conservative/liberal preferred moral foundations as previously established by Moral Foundations Theory.

Conclusion:

Adjusting messaging with attention to the balanced employment of moral foundations can lead to wider acceptance of and compliance with preventive public health measures.
Smart Sewer Robot to Remove Blockages in Sewer
Authors: Nimmagadda Satyanarayana Murthy
Published: February 2023

Background:

Every system in the world is intelligent. The wastewater infrastructure is
installed underground during the construction of homes and businesses. We set up lengthy, kilometers-
long pipelines in the subsurface administrative architecture. However, due to the different discharges
into pipelines from various sources, the pipeline typically becomes blocked.

Methods:

Due to their small dimensions, these blockages are challenging to clean. Knowing the
cause of a blockage in the sewage pipeline is a problem because subterranean sewage pipelines are
measured in kilometers. This study provides a response to this utilizing a moving underground vehicle
for sewer pipes.

Results:

The robot is designed to provide assistance under difficult circumstances and to detect obstructions
in sewer networks.

Conclusion:

This proposed robot model can be used to replace the conventional method of using
manual foreagers to identify and remove obstructions.
Consequences of Co-Administration of Propofol with Clonidine and Ketamine throughout Colon Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Elshalakany Nirvana Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Analgesic effects can be further augmented with the addition of clonidine and ketamine to the TIVA propofol, providing an even more effective anesthetic without compromising patient safety. This study aims to determine whether propofol infusion combined with clonidine and ketamine is more efficient in lowering the level of IL-8, preserving operation stability, and dropping post-operative pain and morphine intake.

Methods:

We conducted a study in which two groups of 60 patients were scheduled for colorectal cancer surgery. The treated group, (group T), received premedication with clonidine, intraoperative ketamine, and propofol for sedation. As a control group, a normal saline solution was administered to the group (Group C).

Results:

Group T reported lower levels of post-operative pain than the control group (P<0.05). This suggests that group T was more effective at reducing pain than the control group. A significant difference in mean arterial blood pressure was observed between groups (P<0.05). It is worth noting that there was no statistically significant difference in IL-8 levels between the two groups postoperatively (P>0.05). There was also a lower consumption of morphine (4.09±1.78) in group T postoperatively.

Conclusion:

It was found that TIVA using propofol with clonidine and ketamine was more effective than propofol infusion alone in maintaining hemodynamic stability, reducing postoperative pain, and decreasing morphine consumption over conventional propofol infusion. As a combination, propofol, clonidine, and ketamine provide and manage the pain of patients in a synergistic manner.

Clinical Trial:

Registration no.: The trial was registered under the clinical trials registery NCTU5536362 at ClinicalTrials.gov.
New UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Molnupiravir used in the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Deshpande Mahesh , Shaikh Farhat
Published: February 2023

Background:

Antiviral drugs gained more importance due to SARS-COV-2 infection and many drugs are under investigation to end the pandemic. Molnupiravir is an investigational medicinal product being developed by Merck Sharp and Dohme in collaboration with Ridgeback for the treatment of COVID-19.

Objective:

A new, simple, and economical UV-spectrometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of Molnupiravir in a bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.

Methods:

The maximum wavelength was found to be 236 nm. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and found to be linear within the range of 10-50µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9989.

Results:

The %RSD for precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, Ruggedness, and Robustness were within the range of acceptable limits as per ICH Q2 (R1). The accuracy of the method was determined at three concentration levels and found to be 99.87%, 99.53%, and 99.84%.

Conclusion:

All parameters obtained are within acceptable limits as per ICH guidelines. The molnupiravir was exposed to thermal, photolytic, hydrolytic, and oxidative stress conditions and its stability data was determined which will be useful for further formulation development.
State and Federal Legislators’ Responses on Social Media to the Mental Health and Burnout of Health Care Workers Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: Natural Language Processing and Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Abrams Matthew P , Pelullo Arthur P , Meisel Zachary F , Merchant Raina M , Purtle Jonathan , Agarwal Anish K
Published: February 2023

Background

Burnout and the mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic have disproportionately impacted health care workers. The links between state policies, federal regulations, COVID-19 case counts, strains on health care systems, and the mental health of health care workers continue to evolve. The language used by state and federal legislators in public-facing venues such as social media is important, as it impacts public opinion and behavior, and it also reflects current policy-leader opinions and planned legislation.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine legislators’ social media content on Twitter and Facebook throughout the COVID-19 pandemic to thematically characterize policy makers’ attitudes and perspectives related to mental health and burnout in the health care workforce.

Methods

Legislators’ social media posts about mental health and burnout in the health care workforce were collected from January 2020 to November 2021 using Quorum, a digital database of policy-related documents. The total number of relevant social media posts per state legislator per calendar month was calculated and compared with COVID-19 case volume. Differences between themes expressed in Democratic and Republican posts were estimated using the Pearson chi-square test. Words within social media posts most associated with each political party were determined. Machine-learning was used to evaluate naturally occurring themes in the burnout- and mental health–related social media posts.

Results

A total of 4165 social media posts (1400 tweets and 2765 Facebook posts) were generated by 2047 unique state and federal legislators and 38 government entities. The majority of posts (n=2319, 55.68%) were generated by Democrats, followed by Republicans (n=1600, 40.34%). Among both parties, the volume of burnout-related posts was greatest during the initial COVID-19 surge. However, there was significant variation in the themes expressed by the 2 major political parties. Themes most correlated with Democratic posts were (1) frontline care and burnout, (2) vaccines, (3) COVID-19 outbreaks, and (4) mental health services. Themes most correlated with Republican social media posts were (1) legislation, (2) call for local action, (3) government support, and (4) health care worker testing and mental health.

Conclusions

State and federal legislators use social media to share opinions and thoughts on key topics, including burnout and mental health strain among health care workers. Variations in the volume of posts indicated that a focus on burnout and the mental health of the health care workforce existed early in the pandemic but has waned. Significant differences emerged in the content posted by the 2 major US political parties, underscoring how each prioritized different aspects of the crisis.
Perspectives on Challenges and Opportunities for Interoperability: Findings From Key Informant Interviews With Stakeholders in Ohio
Authors: Walker Daniel M , Tarver Willi L , Jonnalagadda Pallavi , Ranbom Lorin , Ford Eric W , Rahurkar Saurabh
Published: February 2023

Background

Interoperability—the exchange and integration of data across the health care system—remains a challenge despite ongoing policy efforts aimed at promoting interoperability.

Objective

This study aimed to identify current challenges and opportunities to advancing interoperability across stakeholders.

Methods

Primary data were collected through qualitative, semistructured interviews with stakeholders (n=24) in Ohio from July to October 2021. Interviewees were sampled using a stratified purposive sample of key informants from 4 representative groups as follows: acute care and children’s hospital leaders, primary care providers, behavioral health providers, and regional health information exchange networks. Interviews focused on key informant perspectives on electronic health record implementation, the alignment of public policy with organizational strategy, interoperability implementation challenges, and opportunities for health information technology. The interviews were transcribed verbatim followed by rigorous qualitative analysis using directed content analysis.

Results

The findings illuminate themes related to challenges and opportunities for interoperability that align with technological (ie, implementation challenges, mismatches in interoperability capabilities across stakeholders, and opportunities to leverage new technology and integrate social determinants of health data), organizational (ie, facilitators of interoperability and strategic alignment of participation in value-based payment programs with interoperability), and environmental (ie, policy) domains.

Conclusions

Interoperability, although technically feasible for most providers, remains challenging for technological, organizational, and environmental reasons. Our findings suggest that the incorporation of end user considerations into health information technology development, implementation, policy, and standard deployment may support interoperability advancement.
Personal Health Libraries for People Returning From Incarceration: Protocol for a Qualitative Study
Authors: Foumakoye Marisol , Britton Meredith Campbell , Ansari Emile , Saunders Monya , McCall Terika , Wang Emily A , Puglisi Lisa B , Workman T Elizabeth , Zeng-Treitler Qing , Ying Yin , Shavit Shira , Brandt Cynthia A , Wang Karen H
Published: February 2023

Background

Individuals released from carceral facilities have high rates of hospitalization and death, especially in the weeks immediately after their return to community settings. During this transitional process, individuals leaving incarceration are expected to engage with multiple providers working in separate, complex systems, including health care clinics, social service agencies, community-based organizations, and probation and parole services. This navigation is often complicated by individuals’ physical and mental health, literacy and fluency, and socioeconomic status. Personal health information technology, which can help people access and organize their health information, could improve the transition from carceral systems to the community and mitigate health risks upon release. Yet, personal health information technologies have not been designed to meet the needs and preferences of this population nor tested for acceptability or use.

Objective

The objective of our study is to develop a mobile app to create personal health libraries for individuals returning from incarceration to help bridge the transition from carceral settings to community living.

Methods

Participants were recruited through Transitions Clinic Network clinic encounters and professional networking with justice-involved organizations. We used qualitative research methods to assess the facilitators and barriers to developing and using personal health information technology for individuals returning from incarceration. We conducted individual interviews with people just released from carceral facilities (n=~20) and providers (n=~10) from the local community and carceral facilities involved with the transition for returning community members. We used rigorous rapid qualitative analysis to generate thematic output characterizing the unique circumstances impacting the development and use of personal health information technology for individuals returning from incarceration and to identify content and features for the mobile app based on the preferences and needs of our participants.

Results

As of February 2023, we have completed 27 qualitative interviews with individuals recently released from carceral systems (n=20) and stakeholders (n=7) who support justice-involved individuals from various organizations in the community.

Conclusions

We anticipate that the study will characterize the experiences of people transitioning from prison and jails to community settings; describe the information, technology resources, and needs upon reentry to the community; and create potential pathways for fostering engagement with personal health information technology.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/44748
Machine Learning–Based Time in Patterns for Blood Glucose Fluctuation Pattern Recognition in Type 1 Diabetes Management: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Chan Nicholas Berin , Li Weizi , Aung Theingi , Bazuaye Eghosa , Montero Rosa M
Published: February 2023

Background

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for diabetes combines noninvasive glucose biosensors, continuous monitoring, cloud computing, and analytics to connect and simulate a hospital setting in a person’s home. CGM systems inspired analytics methods to measure glycemic variability (GV), but existing GV analytics methods disregard glucose trends and patterns; hence, they fail to capture entire temporal patterns and do not provide granular insights about glucose fluctuations.

Objective

This study aimed to propose a machine learning–based framework for blood glucose fluctuation pattern recognition, which enables a more comprehensive representation of GV profiles that could present detailed fluctuation information, be easily understood by clinicians, and provide insights about patient groups based on time in blood fluctuation patterns.

Methods

Overall, 1.5 million measurements from 126 patients in the United Kingdom with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) were collected, and prevalent blood fluctuation patterns were extracted using dynamic time warping. The patterns were further validated in 225 patients in the United States with T1DM. Hierarchical clustering was then applied on time in patterns to form 4 clusters of patients. Patient groups were compared using statistical analysis.

Results

In total, 6 patterns depicting distinctive glucose levels and trends were identified and validated, based on which 4 GV profiles of patients with T1DM were found. They were significantly different in terms of glycemic statuses such as diabetes duration (P=.04), glycated hemoglobin level (P<.001), and time in range (P<.001) and thus had different management needs.

Conclusions

The proposed method can analytically extract existing blood fluctuation patterns from CGM data. Thus, time in patterns can capture a rich view of patients’ GV profile. Its conceptual resemblance with time in range, along with rich blood fluctuation details, makes it more scalable, accessible, and informative to clinicians.
Using User-Centered Design to Facilitate Adherence to Annual Lung Cancer Screening: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study for Intervention Development
Authors: Hirsch Erin A , Studts Jamie L
Published: February 2023

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with the majority of lung cancer occurrence diagnosed after the disease has already metastasized. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography can diagnose early-stage disease, especially when eligible individuals participate in screening on a yearly basis. Unfortunately, annual adherence has emerged as a challenge for academic and community screening programs, endangering the individual and population health benefits of LCS. Reminder messages have effectively increased adherence rates in breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screenings but have not been tested with LCS participants who experience unique barriers to screening associated with the stigma of smoking and social determinants of health.

Objective

This research aims to use a theory-informed, multiphase, and mixed methods approach with LCS experts and participants to develop a set of clear and engaging reminder messages to support LCS annual adherence.

Methods

In aim 1, survey data informed by the Cognitive-Social Health Information Processing model will be collected to assess how LCS participants process health information aimed at health protective behavior to develop content for reminder messages and pinpoint options for message targeting and tailoring. Aim 2 focuses on identifying themes for message imagery through a modified photovoice activity that asks participants to identify 3 images that represent LCS and then participate in an interview about the selection, likes, and dislikes of each photo. A pool of candidate messages for multiple delivery platforms will be developed in aim 3, using results from aim 1 for message content and aim 2 for imagery selection. The refinement of message content and imagery combinations will be completed through iterative feedback from LCS experts and participants.

Results

Data collection began in July 2022 and will be completed by May 2023. The final reminder message candidates are expected to be completed by June 2023.

Conclusions

This project proposes a novel approach to facilitate adherence to annual LCS through the development of reminder messages that embrace content and imagery representative of the target population directly in the design process. Developing effective strategies to increase LCS adherence is instrumental in achieving optimal LCS outcomes at individual and population health levels.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/46657
Infusion therapy as an important element of anesthetic strategy for the wounded with hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Raboshchuk O.V. , Khytriy G.P. , Moshkivskyi V.M. , Khodakivskyi M.A.
Published: February 2023

Hemorrhagic shock remains the main cause of death of the wounded in all wars and military conflicts. A key aspect in modern anesthetic strategy for the wounded with hemorrhagic shock is the strategy of a balanced infusion therapy. It consists in restricting the infusion of crystalloids and colloids and the earliest possible transfusion of blood products to a wounded person with massive hemorrhage. Currently, the main option for blood transfusion both in civilian health care facilities and in medical facilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is the use of the so-called component blood transfusion therapy, i.e. transfusion of packed red blood cells and fresh-frozen plasma. This approach is absolutely justified for elective surgical and somatic patients, but has a number of significant disadvantages in the treatment of wounded with massive hemorrhage. In addition, blood transfusion in the conditions of hostilities, disasters and emergency situations has additional logistical (quick availability) and safety (risk of errors when combining blood groups) requirements for blood preparations. Therefore, the issue of alternative, relative to component therapy, variants of transfusion therapy in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock becomes especially relevant.
The role of clinical models in understanding the etiology of pneumonia
Authors: Hodosh E .M. , Shcherban M.H. , Bezrodna A.I.
Published: February 2023

The etiology of pneumonia has changed since the beginning of the antibiotic era. Clinical and etiological classifications and protocols recommend immediate empiric antibiotic treatment after diagnosing. However, recommendations for antibiotic treatment, on the one hand, and clinical misunderstanding of the etiology, on the other, gave rise to this review, reflecting the significance of clinical radiological and laboratory epidemiological models in detecting the etiology of pneumonia. We conducted a systematic review of domestic and English-language literature on the etiology of pneumonia. We reviewed articles on the etiology of various forms of pneumonia. We have studied many cases as well as the works that are cited and found as a result of the search.
Abstracts of the British-Ukrainian Symposium (BUS-14) “Multidisciplinary approach in anesthesiology and intensive care: from theory to practice” (December 16–17, 2022, Kyiv, in a hybrid format)
Authors: Authors No
Published: February 2023

No abstract
Abstracts of the research and practice conference with international participation “Actual infectious diseases. Modern aspects of clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention” (November 24–25, 2022)
Authors: Authors No
Published: February 2023

No abstract
Citizens with More Educational Experience are Less Likely to Engage in Illegal and Criminal Activities
Authors: Gong Xi
Published: February 2023

Multitudinous factors cause crime engagement to decrease. However, policymakers are paying increasing attention to education as the key strategy to combat crimes. Therefore, this essay argues that citizens with more educational experience are less likely to engage in illegal and criminal activities. In the form of a literature review, there are three claims proposed which supported by an abundance of relevant evidence. Firstly, education is conducive to employment, thereby reducing the crime rate. Secondly, education inhibits citizens’ desire to engage in delinquency. Thirdly, schools prevent young people from committing crimes. In addition, prior researchers also put forward a main counterargument that education may have a light risk of promoting crime. Combining these three claims and refutation, this essay concluded that more educational experience is beneficial to efforts to reduce engagement in illegal and criminal activities, but not absolute. Moreover, I also proposed some personal recommendations to policymakers and researchers.
Keynes’s Theory, Based on an Imprecise, Interval Valued Approach to Probability, Rejected Ramsey’s Emphasis on the Importance of the Use of Mathematical Expectations in Decision Theory
Authors: Brady Michael Emmett
Published: February 2023

Keynes spent chapter 12 of the General Theory emphasizing two major points that were extremely important in long run decision making, confidence and expectations. Keynes saw that the technical analysis of the role of confidence in decision making had been overlooked in economics. Keynes corrected this lacuna in the General Theory. Confidence was defined as a function of Keynes’s evidential weight of the argument, V, where V=V (a/h) =w,0?w?1,just as the term “very uncertain”, used three times on p.148 of the General Theory, was defined as a function of a slight amount of information, a definition that is identical to Keynes’s definition of “very uncertain” on p.310 of his A Treatise on Probability. w equaled the degree of the completeness of the relevant information upon which the probabilities were based. Keynes’s definition of V can be found on p.315 of his A Treatise on Probability in chapter 26, titled “The application of probability to conduct”. His discussion of the completeness of the evidence can be found on pp.313-315.The second major point was Keynes’s completely overlooked discussion of the reasonable calculation of probabilities, based on approximate and inexact measures like interval valued probability and his decision weight, c, which he called a conventional coefficient of weight and risk, c, versus the unreasonable calculation of probabilities based on strict or exact mathematical expectations calculations as advocated by Frank Ramsey. The heart of Ramsey’s theory is a reliance on betting quotients and mathematical expectations based on precise probability.
The Text Analysis of National Education Policy 2020
Authors: Gong Xi , Wen Jiahui
Published: February 2023

This paper first briefly introduces the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) document formulated by the Indian government and the five education theories (traditional academic theory, learner-centred theory, human capital theory, social efficiency theory and social reconstruction theory) in the field of education. Through relevant literature review, five educational theories or ideologies are proven that they cannot be fully applied in pedagogy. As such, this paper proposes a refutation perspective for each educational theory, showing my adequate understanding and critical awareness of education research. After that, these five significant educational theories are used to analyse the NEP contents from pages 1 to 32. Combining my direct observation and thematic coding of NEP text with the focus ideas of five education theories, the final result of this paper illustrates that social efficiency theory is most dominant in NEP; thereby, the Indian government needs to consider how to balance their education ideology. At the end of this work, I show personal consideration regarding the NEP measures that target India’s current focus social issues: Indian educators still must test and justify the rationality and effectiveness of these education policies formulated in NEP by future practices.
“Não é que os conhecimentos especializados não sirvam, mas que eles deixam buracos na sua visão de mundo”
Authors: Ferreira Arthur Arruda Leal , Cukierman Henrique , Da Costa Marques Ivan
Published: February 2023

Foi pela vivência de pesquisa no exterior que Ivan da Costa Marques tomou consciência da dependência tecnológica do Brasil. Foi na pesquisa no Brasil que ele vivenciou a reserva do mercado de minicomputadores como uma linha de fuga da dependência tecnológica, o que para ele seria, para o Brasil, uma aproximação autônoma da modernidade. Foi refletindo sobre como o sucesso dessa linha de fuga se transformou em fracasso que da Costa Marques se deu conta de que as explicações disciplinares, fossem da engenharia, da economia ou mesmo da sociologia, tinham sempre hipóteses e opções implícitas de valores que tendiam a reforçar o modo de ver dos países ditos desenvolvidos. Depois, continuando a estudar e pesquisar sobre as limitações dessa linha de fuga, chegou aos Estudos de ciência, tecnologia e sociedade e situou os Estudos de ciência, tecnologia e sociedade como uma poderosa ferramenta daqueles que estão engajados na superação da colonialidade nas periferias do Ocidente.
The Persistence of Sexism and Racism at Universities: Exploring the Imperceptibility and Unspeakability of Workplace Harassment and Discrimination in Academia
Authors:   , Guschke Bontu Lucie
Published: February 2023

This PhD dissertation investigates the reproduction of sexist and racist harassment and discrimination in workplaces at Danish universities. It contributes to feminist organization studies by exploring: (1) How does the dis/organization of Danish universities enable the reproduction of inequalities, specifically in form of sexist and racist harassment and discrimination? (2) What allows sexist and racist workplace harassment and discrimination to be reproduced both on an institutional-structural and an interactional-individual level? (3) How are sexist and racist harassment and discrimination reproduced intersectionally, and what is distinct in how they are reproduced? Data from the Danish university context provides the empirical basis for the study. The author conducted in-depth interviews with academic faculty at all eight Danish universities. Interviewees were not required to have personal experiences with harassment and discrimination. An approach of anti-narrative research operationalized through embodied queer listening was developed and used in both data generation and analysis to methodologically acknowledge and engage with the interviewees’ vulnerabilities as well as autonomy in relation to organizational norms and power structures. It further allowed engaging with both discursive and affective aspects of data generation and analysis. The findings of the study are structured in six analytical chapters. These outline (I) contextual mechanisms within the Danish academic system that facilitate harassment and discrimination, (II) the unspeakability of racism when speaking of harassment and discrimination, (III) the imperceptibility of harassment, that is, how harassment often becomes affectively noticed before becoming named as such, (IV) ten (de)legitimization strategies that allow harassment and discrimination to persist, (V) expectations in how to speak up about harassment experiences, and finally (VI) insights on the reporting process and its challenges. The dissertation contributes to research on harassment and discrimination within feminist organization studies, developing both theoretical and empirical insights. Overall, it maintains and details how harassment and discrimination are reproduced in a context of in/formality leading to a reproduction of inequality underneath a layer of unspeakability which leads to a lack of responsibility. Finally, implications for organizational practice are discussed, suggesting that organizations need to recognize anti-harassment and anti-discrimination as ongoing, relational organizational practices rather than a goal to be achieved, respond with autonomy-fostering care to the vulnerability involved in harassment experiences, and be able to ‘stay with the trouble’ in addressing the affective ambiguities of harassment and discrimination.
The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small and medium-sized enterprises in the developing market
Authors: Kabashi Shyqeri , Kabashi Nexhmije
Published: February 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyse the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kosovo. So, this is a research problem. Our research is based on Ramaj et al.’s (2022) research. The research was conducted with 84 SMEs in Pristina and Fushë Kosovë, with the major part in the capital. Consequently, the Government of Kosovo should pay attention to the design of oriented policies and promote SMEs’ development. It still has to make efforts to create a more favorable business climate, for business development as a whole and SMEs, especially in this extremely difficult period at the time of COVID-19. Given that it is the last 2 years since the outbreak of the pandemic has had a great economic impact on the country, thus we have approached the research on this topic and through it, we will try to give this research a clear overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo. Our findings will help us to see the main challenges that SMEs have during the pandemic times. Our results confirm that COVID-19 in Kosovo affects not only the health of the population but also hits the economy.
Vapor-liquid phase equilibria behavior prediction of water/organic-organic binary mixture using machine learning
Authors: Sun Guanlun , Zhao Zhenyu , Sun Shengjie , Ma Yiming , Li Hong , Gao Xin
Published: February 2023

Basic thermodynamic data plays an important role in chemical
applications. However, the traditional acquisition of thermodynamic data
through experiments is laborious. Thermodynamic data prediction is
considered as an alternative to the experiments, especially when
qualitative analysis is needed prior to experimental studies. In this
work, we report a successful machine-learning based approach to predict
the fundamental thermodynamics characteristics of vapor-liquid
equilibrium (VLE) process. A new dataset of the VLE experimental data of
210 kinds of binary mixture with screened descriptors were constructed.
The obtained results show that the VLE characteristics of the target
system can be fully revealed for a pre-analysis by ML methods and the RF
model has more excellent predictive ability on the VLE behavior than the
ANN model. This work pioneers the development of the generalized model
on the prediction of the VLE data and provide useful information for
mechanistic study on the VLE phenomenon.
Numerical investigation of multi-scale flow hydrodynamics in the gas-solid-liquid system with multi-inlet configuration
Authors: Yu Hongshi , Sun Haoran , Yang Shiliang , Hu Jianhang , Wang hua
Published: February 2023

In this work, volume of fluid method coupled with discrete element
method are established to explore the multi-scale flow hydrodynamics in
the gas-liquid-solid system with multi-inlet configuration. The
numerical method is well validated by experimental measurements. The
results reveal that: (i) the squeezing effect of the densely packed
particles largely determines the multi-channel flow pattern by affecting
the initial size, shape and moving direction of the bubbles newly
detached from the dense bed; (ii) in the two-channel system, the
unbalanced radial squeezing effect of particles leads to
parenthesis-shape bubble ascending path; (iii) due to bubble collision
and breakup, the volume, velocity, chord length and aspect ratio of
bubbles all have a wide distribution and exhibit a characteristic of
chaotic and nonlinear. The findings obtained provide meaningful insights
for the understanding of multi-channel flow behaviors in
gas-solid-liquid reactors.
Of Catarrh and Catharsis
Authors: Stafler Patrick , Landau Eddie , Blau Hannah
Published: February 2023

The ancient Greeks took the entertainment of their crowds very seriously
and used drama as a way of investigating the world they lived in. The
theatrical re-enactment of suffering and grief in front of a large
audience was to foster compassion, as well as a cathartic release of
emotion that was restorative through a deeply felt interconnection
between actors and audience. When our patients encounter tragedy, we are
also drawn into their ordeal and experience it first hand. Such it was
with Rose.
Community support intensity in urban settings: an empirical, place based model
Authors: Verma Nitish
Published: February 2023

Virtual street audits are increasingly used by social service providers,
community leaders and social workers to support place-based decisions in
urban settings. Analytical tools can potentially augment decision making
by making relevant information accessible in context to place-based
interventions aimed at improving community wellbeing. I investigated if
it was possible to discover a quantitative stochastic model that can be
a reasonable fit with empirical data about the relationship between
physical urban locations and the volumes of public services supplied to
those locations. I analysed the dataset of San Jose’s Police Department
call centre data spanning 10 years. I found that the Borel-Tanner
distribution is a reasonable fit in 7 out of 10 trials conducted in this
study. Relatively few urban sites were attributed to a large proportion
of service volumes.  There was  high spatial concentration within ‘high
needs’ sites. A significant proportion of these sites persist over the
10 year period.  I plotted these sites on a map to demonstrate their
applicability to virtual audit applications.
Three votive plaques from Upper Moesia
Authors: Nikolic Dragana
Published: February 2023

The article proposes a new reading and interpretation of three inscriptions
engraved on small bronze plaques in the shape of tabula ansata from the
Danubian limes in Upper Moesia - two from Pincum and one from Viminacium,
associating the inscribed objects with the cult of Jupiter Dolichenus. The
revised inscriptions also provide new data on the Roman units stationed on
the Upper Moesian Danube bank, as two of the dedicators are identified as
members of the ala Flaviana.
The opening of the Italian legation in Belgrade in 1879 and relations between Serbs and Italians in the 19th century
Authors: D’Alessandri Antonio
Published: February 2023

This essay focuses on the opening of the Italian diplomatic Legation in
Belgrade in 1879 after the Serbia?s independence. This new beginning of the
Serbian-Italian political relations is seen in the framework of the
reorientation of the Italian foreign policy after the fall of the French
Second Empire and the rise of the Imperial Germany. A great role in this
process was played by Count Giuseppe Tornielli Brusati di Vergano, former
Secretary General of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Italian Kingdom.
He was entrusted to open the Italian Legation in Belgrade and in Bucharest,
thus inaugurating a new phase of the Italian action in South-eastern Europe
and the Eastern affairs. This question is analyzed in a broader
chronological space such as the long tradition of cultural and political
exchanges between Serbs and Italians during the epoch of the national
Risorgimento.
Yugoslav-Italian foreign trade relations 1919-1939 and the Yugoslav industry: The import of textile products from Italy
Authors: Rafailovic Jelena
Published: February 2023

Yugoslav-Italian relations between two world wars, besides the
diplomatic-political, also had a very significant economic aspect. Italy
was one of the most important foreign trade partners of the Kingdom of
Yugoslavia, and this paper will explore the trade exchange between the two
countries, especially the import of materials necessary for the textile
industry, which substantially contributed to the positive balance of trade.
Beside a quantitative analysis of statistical data regarding foreign trade,
the paper also looks at the impact of political and economic events on the
trade relations between the two countries, as well as the relation between
the industrialization of Yugoslavia and changes in foreign trade.
Relations between the PCI and the league of communists from the second post-war period to the mid-1960s
Authors: Costantini Emanuela
Published: February 2023

The relations between Tito and Togliatti and their respective parties were
conditioned by the omnipresent influence that Communist party of Soviet
Union had on both partners. During the period of Stalin?s rule, the Italian
communist were staunch Stalinists, thus Tito?s split with Stalin and the
issue of Trieste were the main obstacles in bilateral relations.
Khrushchev?s destalinization process opened new possibilities for inter
party relations across the Adriatic, which however continued to be
conditioned by the strategy of their Soviet comrades. Khrushchev?s lessening
of the control over ?sister? parties give more space for Italians to learn
more about Yugoslav path to communism. Nevertheless, the PCI continued to
follow the Moscow line, while PCY looked to create its own based on
nonaligned movement and self-management, which continued to be closely
watched but not applied by PCI during Togliatti?s time in office.
Belgrade 1969-1972. The uncertainties and hardships of the Yugoslav experiment in the eyes of a newly graduated Italian scholarship holder
Authors: Dogo Marco
Published: February 2023

Half a century ago, the author of this paper, a recent graduate, received an
exchange scholarship from the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for a
research visit to Belgrade on the subject of self-management and the theory
of the state. At that time, the central, and by no means merely theoretical,
problem of Yugoslavian society was how to respond to the impact of the
market on the system of self-management. In addition to the production
structure, this question also affected the relations between the republics
and the political centre of the state. Two serious crises were to be decided
by the decisive intervention of the charismatic leader, who put an
authoritarian model from another era back into force. The young scholar
observed and did not understand much, but in return became familiar with a
lively and hospitable city. Critical reflections would come in the years to
follow.