bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain matters: unveiling the distinct contributions of region, age, and sex to glia diversity and CNS function
Authors: Seeker Luise A. , Bestard-Cuche Nadine , Jäkel Sarah , Kazakou Nina-Lydia , Bøstrand Sunniva M. K. , Wagstaff Laura J. , Cholewa-Waclaw Justyna , Kilpatrick Alastair M. , Van Bruggen David , Kabbe Mukund , Baldivia Pohl Fabio , Moslehi Zahra , Henderson Neil C. , Vallejos Catalina A. , La Manno Gioele , Castelo-Branco Goncalo , Williams Anna
Published: May 2023

The myelinated white matter tracts of the central nervous system (CNS) are essential for fast transmission of electrical impulses and are often differentially affected in human neurodegenerative diseases across CNS region, age and sex. We hypothesize that this selective vulnerability is underpinned by physiological variation in white matter glia. Using single nucleus RNA sequencing of human post-mortem white matter samples from the brain, cerebellum and spinal cord and subsequent tissue-based validation we found substantial glial heterogeneity with tissue region: we identified region-specific oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that retain developmental origin markers into adulthood, distinguishing them from mouse OPCs. Region-specific OPCs give rise to similar oligodendrocyte populations, however spinal cord oligodendrocytes exhibit markers such as SKAP2 which are associated with increased myelin production and we found a spinal cord selective population particularly equipped for producing long and thick myelin sheaths based on the expression of genes/proteins such as HCN2. Spinal cord microglia exhibit a more activated phenotype compared to brain microglia, suggesting that the spinal cord is a more pro-inflammatory environment, a difference that intensifies with age. Astrocyte gene expression correlates strongly with CNS region, however, astrocytes do not show a more activated state with region or age. Across all glia, sex differences are subtle but the consistent increased expression of protein-folding genes in male donors hints at pathways that may contribute to sex differences in disease susceptibility. These findings are essential to consider for understanding selective CNS pathologies and developing tailored therapeutic strategies.
Research in computing-intensive simulations for nature-oriented civil-engineering and related scientific fields, using machine learning and big data: an overview of open problems
Authors: Babović Zoran , Bajat Branislav , Đokić Vladan , Đorđević Filip , Drašković Dražen , Filipović Nenad , Furht Borko , Gačić Nikola , Ikodinović Igor , Ilić Marija , Irfanoglu Ayhan , Jelenković Branislav , Kartelj Aleksandar , Klimeck Gerhard , Korolija Nenad , Kotlar Miloš , Kovačević Miloš , Kuzmanović Vladan , Marinković Marko , Marković Slobodan , Mendelson Avi , Milutinović Veljko , Nešković Aleksandar , Nešković Nataša , Mitić Nenad , Nikolić Boško , Novoselov Konstantin , Prakash Arun , Ratković Ivan , Stojadinović Zoran , Ustyuzhanin Andrey , Zak Stan
Published: May 2023

This article presents a taxonomy and represents a repository of open problems in computing for numerically and logically intensive problems in a number of disciplines that have to synergize for the best performance of simulation-based feasibility studies on nature-oriented engineering in general and civil engineering in particular. Topics include but are not limited to: Nature-based construction, genomics supporting nature-based construction, earthquake engineering, and other types of geophysical disaster prevention activities, as well as the studies of processes and materials of interest for the above. In all these fields, problems are discussed that generate huge amounts of Big Data and are characterized with mathematically highly complex Iterative Algorithms. In the domain of applications, it has been stressed that problems could be made less computationally demanding if the number of computing iterations is made smaller (with the help of Artificial Intelligence or Conditional Algorithms), or if each computing iteration is made shorter in time (with the help of Data Filtration and Data Quantization). In the domain of computing, it has been stressed that computing could be made more powerful if the implementation technology is changed (Si, GaAs, etc.…), or if the computing paradigm is changed (Control Flow, Data Flow, etc.…).
RILS-ROLS: robust symbolic regression via iterated local search and ordinary least squares
Authors: Kartelj Aleksandar , Djukanović Marko
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we solve the well-known symbolic regression problem that has been intensively studied and has a wide range of applications. To solve it, we propose an efficient metaheuristic-based approach, calledRILS-ROLS.RILS-ROLSis based on the following two elements: (i) iterated local search, which is the method backbone, mainly solving combinatorial and some continuous aspects of the problem; (ii) ordinary least squares method, which focuses on the continuous aspect of the search space—it efficiently determines the best—fitting coefficients of linear combinations within solution equations. In addition, we introduce a novel fitness function that combines important model quality measures:$$R^2$$R2score,RMSEscore, size of the model (or model complexity), and carefully designed local search, which allows systematic search in proximity to candidate solution. Experiments are conducted on the two well-known ground-truth benchmark sets from literature:FeynmanandStrogatz.RILS-ROLSwas compared to 14 other competitors from the literature. Our method outperformed all 14 competitors with respect to the symbolic solution rate under varying levels of noise. We observed the robustness of the method with respect to noise, as the symbolic solution rate decreases relatively slowly with increasing noise. Statistical analysis of the obtained experimental results confirmed thatRILS-ROLSis a new state-of-the-art method for solving the problem of symbolic regression on datasets whose target variable is modelled as a closed-form equation with allowed operators. In addition to evaluation on known ground-truth datasets, we introduced a new randomly generated set of problem instances. The goal of this set of instances was to test the sensitivity of our method with respect to incremental equation sizes under different levels of noise. We have also proposed a parallelized extension ofRILS-ROLSthat has proven adequate in solving several very large instances with 1 million records and up to 15 input variables.
Main memory controller with multiple media technologies for big data workloads
Authors: Avargues Miguel A. , Lurbe Manel , Petit Salvador , Gomez Maria E. , Yang Rui , Zhu Xiaoping , Wang Guanhao , Sahuquillo Julio
Published: May 2023

SRAM and DRAM memory technologies have been dominant in the implementations of memory subsystems. In recent years, and mainly driven by the huge memory demands of big data applications, NVRAM technology has emerged as a denser memory technology, enabling the design of new hybrid DRAM/NVRAM memory hierarchies that combine multiple memory media technologies to balance memory capacity, latency, cost, and endurance. Two main approaches are being applied to the design of hybrid memory hierarchies: the hybrid address space approach, which relies on the programmer or the operating system to choose the memory technology where each memory page should be stored; and the (only) NVM address space approach, where a faster technology (e.g. commodity DRAM) is needed to acts as a cache of NVRAM to boost the performance. This approach presents architectural challenges such the organization of metadata (e.g. cache tags) and the selection of the proper technology for each memory component. In contrast to existing approaches, this work proposes a memory controller that leverages novel memory technologies such as eDRAM and MRAM to mitigate NVRAM bus contention and improve the performance of the NVM address space. The devised solution proposes a two-level cache hierarchy in the memory controller: a SRAM sector cache and a (x)RAM cache. The (x)RAM cache, much denser, helps significantly reduce the number of accesses to NVRAM. Experimental results show that implementing the (x)RAM cache with eDRAM or MRAM is the best performing approach. Moreover, the eRAM is able to improve the SRAM cache miss penalty by up to 50% and 80%, and overall system performance by 15% and 23%.
Post-neoadjuvant treatment pancreatic cancer resectability and outcome prediction using CT, 18F-FDG PET/MRI and CA 19–9
Authors: Yoo Jeongin , Lee Jeong Min , Joo Ijin , Lee Dong Ho , Yoon Jeong Hee , Yu Mi Hye , Jang Jin-Young , Lee Sang Hyub
Published: May 2023

Background

CT prediction of resectability and prognosis following neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains challenging. This study aims to determine whether addition of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) postiron emission tomography (PET)/MRI and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19–9 to contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) can improve accuracy of predicting resectability compared to CECT alone and predict prognosis in PDAC patients after NAT.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 120 PDAC patients (65 women; mean age, 66.7 years [standard deviation, 8.4]) underwent CECT, PET/MRI, and CA 19–9 examinations after NAT between January 2013 and June 2021. Three board-certified radiologists independently rated the overall resectability on a 5-point scale (score 5, definitely resectable) in three sessions (session 1, CECT; 2, CECT plus PET/MRI─no FDG avidity and no diffusion restriction at tumor-vessel contact indicated modification of CECT scores to ≥ 3; 3, CECT plus PET plus CA 19–9─no FDG avidity at tumor-vessel contact and normalized CA 19–9 indicated modification of CECT scores to ≥ 3). Jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristic method and generalized estimating equations were used to compare pooled area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of three sessions. Predictors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed using Cox regression analyses.

Results

Each session showed different pooled AUC (session 1 vs. 2 vs. 3, 0.853 vs. 0.873 vs. 0.874, p = 0.026), sensitivity (66.2% [137/207] vs. 86.0% [178/207] vs. 84.5% [175/207], p < 0.001) and specificity (67.3% [103/153] vs. 58.8% [90/153] vs. 60.1% [92/153], p = 0.048). According to pairwise comparison, specificity of CECT plus PET/MRI was lower than that of CECT alone (adjusted p = 0.042), while there was no significant difference in specificity between CECT alone and CECT plus PET plus CA 19–9 (adjusted p = 0.081). Twenty-eight of 69 patients (40.6%) with R0 resection experienced tumor recurrence (mean follow-up, 18.0 months). FDG avidity at tumor-vessel contact on post-NAT PET (HR = 4.37, p = 0.033) and pathologically confirmed vascular invasion (HR = 5.36, p = 0.004) predicted RFS.

Conclusion

Combination of CECT, PET and CA 19–9 increased area under the curve and sensitivity for determining resectability, compared to CECT alone, without compromising the specificity. Furthermore, 18F-FDG avidity at tumor-vessel contact on post-NAT PET predicted RFS.
On the quadrants of the thing-world relations: a critical revision of Hartmut Rosa’s resonance theory in terms of thing-world
Authors: Cheng Tsuo-Yu
Published: May 2023

The most valuable contribution of Hartmut Rosa’s social theory is the extension of the scope of Critical Theory from the individual world and the social world to the thing-world. However, Rosa’s analysis of the thing-world is somewhat insufficient. The present article provides an attempt to apply new materialism to the thing-world to compensate for the missing elements of Rosa’s resonance theory. An examination and integration of two of the most representative theories of new materialism, namely agential realism and object-oriented ontology, yield four types (or quadrants) of thing-world relations based on intra-action or inter-action and on inclusion or exclusion: namely resonance, alienation, appropriation, and catastrophe. This quadrant can provide a clearer criterion for resonance in Rosa’s Critical Theory, and manifest that the problem in contemporary society we have to concern might exclusion instead of alienation.
Repair using the pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap for refractory anastomotic leakage after total esophagectomy
Authors: Oga Yoko , Okumura Tomoyuki , Miwa Takeshi , Numata Yoshihisa , Matsumoto Shigeki , Kaneda Koji , Kimura Nana , Fukasawa Mina , Nagamori Masakazu , Mori Kosuke , Takeda Naoya , Yagi Kenta , Ito Miki , Nagaoka Yasuhiro , Takeshita Chitaru , Watanabe Toru , Hirano Katsuhisa , Igarashi Takamichi , Tanaka Haruyoshi , Hashimoto Isaya , Shibuya Kazuto , Hojo Shozo , Yoshioka Isaku , Abe Hideharu , Satake Toshihiko , Fujii Tsutomu
Published: May 2023

Background

The pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap (PMMF) is a pedicled flap often used as a reconstruction option in head and neck surgery, especially in cases with poor wound healing. However, applying PMMF after esophageal surgery is uncommon. We report here, the case of a successfully repaired refractory anastomotic fistula (RF) after total esophagectomy, by PMMF.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old man had a history of hypopharyngolaryngectomy, cervical esophagectomy, and reconstruction using a free jejunal graft for hypopharyngeal carcinosarcoma at the age of 54. He also received conservative treatment for pharyngo-jejunal anastomotic leakage (AL), then postoperative radiation therapy. This time, he was diagnosed with carcinosarcoma in the upper thoracic esophagus; cT3rN0M0, cStageII, according to the Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer 12th Edition. As a salvage surgery, thoracoscopic total resection of the esophageal remnant and reconstruction using gastric tube via posterior mediastinal route was performed. The distal side of the jejunal graft was cut and re-anastomosed with the top of the gastric tube. An AL was observed on the 6th postoperative day (POD), and after 2 months of conservative treatment was then diagnosed as RF. The 3/4 circumference of the anterior wall of the gastric tube was ruptured for 6 cm in length, and surgical repair using PMMF was performed on POD71. The edge of the defect was exposed and the PMMF (10 × 5 cm) fed by thoracoacromial vessels was prepared. Then, the skin of the flap and the wedge of the leakage were hand sutured via double layers with the skin of the flap facing the intestinal lumen. Although a minor AL was observed on POD19, it healed with conservative treatment. No complications, such as stenosis, reflux, re-leakage, were observed over 3 years of postoperative follow-up.

Conclusions

The PMMF is a useful option for repairing intractable AL after esophagectomy, especially in cases with large defect, as well as difficulties for microvascular anastomosis due to previous operation, radiation, or wound inflammation.
Impact of COVID-19 on quality of life in Peruvian older adults: construct validity, reliability and invariance of the COV19—Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) measurement
Authors: Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Carbajal-León Carlos , Vilca Lindsey W. , Reyes-Bossio Mario , Gallegos Miguel , Esteban Renzo Carranza , Noe-Grijalva Martin , Gallegos Walter L. Arias , Delgado-Campusano Mariel , Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia Águeda
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present study was to translate into Spanish and evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) applied to a sample of Peruvian older adults (N = 298; 58.1% women, 41.9% men, mean age 65.34 years [SD = 11.33]). The study used techniques from the Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). The findings confirmed the single factor structure of the COV19-QoL, high internal consistency reliability, measurement invariance by gender, and all items demonstrated adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. In this sense, the items allow adequate discrimination between low, medium and high levels of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life. In addition, a greater perceived impact of the pandemic on quality of life is necessary to answer the higher response options of the COV19-QoL. In conclusion, the COV19-QoL is a valid measurement scale of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of Peruvian older adults.
Network analysis of Iranian's health insurance ecosystem before and after the introduction of Universal Health Insurance law
Authors: Rahimisadegh Rohaneh , Noori Hekmat Somayeh , Mehrolhassani Mohammad Hossein , Jafari Sirizi Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The policy-making process in health reform is challenging due to the complexity of organizations, overlapping roles, and diversity of responsibilities. The present study aims to investigate and analyze the network of actors in the Iran health insurance ecosystem regarding the laws before and after the adoption of the Universal Health Insurance (UHI).

Methods

The present study was done by sequential exploratory mixed method research, consisting of two distinct phases. During the qualitative phase, the actors and issues pertaining to the laws of the Iranian health insurance ecosystem from 1971 to 2021 were identified through a systematic search of the laws and regulations section of the Research Center of the Islamic Legislative Assembly website. Qualitative data was analyzed in three steps using directed content analysis. During the quantitative phase, in order to draw the communication network of the actors in Iran's health insurance ecosystem, the data related to the nodes and links of the networks was collected. The communication networks were drawn using Gephi software and the micro- and macro-indicators of network were calculated and analyzed.

Results

There were 245 laws and 510 articles identified in the field of health insurance in Iran from 1971 to 2021. Most of the legal comments were on financial matters and credit allocation, and the payment of premiums. The number of actors before and after the enactment of the UHI Law was 33 and 137, respectively. The Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Iran Health Insurance Organization were found the two main actors in the network before and after the approval of this law.

Conclusions

Adopting a UHI Law and delegating various legal missions and tasks, often with support to the health insurance organization, have facilitated the achievement of the law objectives. However, it has created a poor governance system and a network of actors with low coherence. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested to reduce actor roles and separate them for better governance and to prevent corruption in health insurance ecosystem. Introducing knowledge and technology brokers can be effective in strengthening governance and filling the structural gaps between actors.
A brazilian nationwide multicenter study on deficiency of deaminase-2 (DADA2)
Authors: Melo Adriana , de Carvalho Luciana Martins , Ferriani Virginia Paes Leme , Cavalcanti André , Appenzeller Simone , Oliveira Valéria Rossato , Neto Herberto Chong , Rosário Nelson Augusto , de Oliveira Poswar Fabiano , Guimaraes Matheus Xavier , Kokron Cristina Maria , Maia Rayana Elias , Silva Guilherme Diogo , Keller Gabriel , Ferreira Mauricio Domingues , Vasconcelos Dewton Moraes , Toledo-Barros Myrthes Anna Maragna , Barros Samar Freschi , Neto Nilton Salles Rosa , Krieger Marta Helena , Kalil Jorge , Mendonça Leonardo Oliveira
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2) is a rare autoinflammatory disease provoked by mutations in the ADA2 gene inherited in a recessive fashion. Up to this moment there is no consensus for the treatment of DADA2 and anti-TNF is the therapy of choice for chronic management whereas bone marrow transplantation is considered for refractory or severe phenotypes. Data from Brazil is scarce and this multicentric study reports 18 patients with DADA2 from Brazil.

Patients and methods

This is a multicentric study proposed by the Center for Rare and Immunological Disorders of the Hospital 9 de Julho - DASA, São Paulo - Brazil. Patients of any age with a confirmed diagnosis of DADA2 were eligible for this project and data on clinical, laboratory, genetics and treatment were collected.

Results

Eighteen patients from 10 different centers are reported here. All patients had disease onset at the pediatric age (median of 5 years) and most of them from the state of São Paulo. Vasculopathy with recurrent stroke was the most common phenotype but atypical phenotypes compatible with ALPS-like and Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) was also found. All patients carried pathogenic mutations in the ADA2 gene. Acute management of vasculitis was not satisfactory with steroids in many patients and all those who used anti-TNF had favorable responses.

Conclusion

The low number of patients diagnosed with DADA2 in Brazil reinforces the need for disease awareness for this condition. Moreover, the absence of guidelines for diagnosis and management is also necessary (t).
Role of ultrasonographic measurement of the fetal epicardial fat pad and cardiac interventricular septal thickness in predicting the outcome and prevent various complications of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ghuman Gurnoor Kaur , Bagri Neha , Chandra Ranjan , Malik Amita , Misra Ritu , Gaikwad Harsha S.
Published: May 2023

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical conditions affecting pregnancy and increasing the risk for maternal and perinatal complications. The present study aimed at determining the role of ultrasonographic measurement of fetal epicardial fat pad thickness (f EFT) and fetal cardiac interventricular septal thickness (f IVST) at 24–32 weeks of gestation in the prediction of GDM.

Results

A prospective observational case–control study was conducted including a total of 35 GDM patients and 35 normal pregnancies who were subjected to ultrasonographic measurement of the f EFT and f IVST at 24–32 weeks of gestation. Statistical analysis and the receiver operating characteristic curves were used to find out the cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of these two parameters for the prediction of GDM. When an f EFT value of 1.3 was accepted as a cutoff value, GDM could be predicted with a sensitivity of 68.6% and specificity of 91.4%, PPV of 88.9%, NPV of 74.4% and diagnostic accuracy of 80%. When an f IVST value of 2.6 was accepted as a cutoff value, GDM could be predicted with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 77.14%, PPV of 77.8%, NPV of 79.4% and diagnostic accuracy of 78.5%.

Conclusion

The ultrasonographic measurements of fetal epicardial fat pad thickness and fetal cardiac interventricular septal thickness were statistically significantly higher in GDM pregnancies (pvalue < 0.0001) as compared to the controls. Thus, these two parameters can serve as excellent ultrasonographic markers in the prediction of GDM.
Emerging therapeutic potential of curcumin in the management of dermatological diseases: an extensive review of drug and pharmacological activities
Authors: Kumar Bhumika , Aggarwal Rohan , Prakash Udai , Sahoo Pravat Kumar
Published: May 2023

Background

Curcumin is a bright colored polyphenolic moiety which is derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa of family Zingiberaceae. Its simple molecular structure, high efficacy, variable therapeutic effects and multidimensional use make it ideal for various treatment regimens.

Main body

It has been used for centuries for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial characteristics which makes it ideal in the determent and treatment of skin inflammation, psoriasis, acne, premature skin aging and skin cancers. It also exhibits antiviral, antiulcer, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, antibacterial, hypocholesteremia and antifungal, benefits making it a perfect multifunctional moiety for treating numerous disorders. Curcumin offers protection against skin damage induced by persistent UVB exposure. Curcumin has substantial therapeutic potentials against various skin conditions like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, wound healing efficiency any many more. It illustrates a multiplicity of important medicinal properties which has a great potential in treating various dermatological diseases.

Conclusion

The study seeks to provide a comprehensive update on curcumin and its exceptional medicinal profile, which can be efficaciously and appropriately utilized in treating skin conditions like psoriasis, acne, dermatitis, scleroderma, skin cancers, skin aging, fungal infections and wounds.
Management of mucormycosis coexisting with aspergillosis in pediatric age group – a case report
Authors: Gopal Ashish , Singh Ishwar , Arora Nikhil , Patel Ditixaben J. , Jain Pooja Nakhat , Negi Sakshi , Mandal Shramana
Published: May 2023

Background

Mucormycosis is a highly infectious deadly disease if left untreated. This disease is usually seen more in people having immunocompromised conditions like diabetes mellitus, steroid use, and neutropenia. Its presence along with Aspergillus is quite uncommon in the pediatric age group. This report will add information regarding such coexisting fungal disease in the pediatric age group and its further management.

Case report

In this study, investigators are presenting a case of mucormycosis coexisting with aspergillosis in 3-month-old male child who presented with a palatal defect. He underwent both medical management with liposomal amphotericin B and surgical debridement for necrotic foci removal.

Conclusion

This case report deals with the management of coexisting mucormycosis with aspergillosis using a combination of surgical and medical management.
The need for environmentally realistic studies on the health effects of terrestrial microplastics
Authors: Mills C. Lauren , Savanagouder Joy , de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz Marcia , Noonan Michael J.
Published: May 2023

Plastic pollution is now so widespread that microplastics are regularly detected in biological samples surveyed for their presence. Despite their pervasiveness, very little is known about the effects of microplastics on the health of terrestrial vertebrates. While emerging studies are showing that microplastics represent a potentially serious threat to animal health, data have been limited to in vivo studies on laboratory rodents that were force fed plastics. The extent to which these studies are representative of the conditions that animals and humans might actually experience in the real world is largely unknown. Here, we review 114 papers from the peer-reviewed literature in order to understand how the concentrations and types of microplastics being administered to rodents in lab studies compare to those found in terrestrial soils. From 73 in vivo lab studies, and 41 soil studies, we found that lab studies have heretofore fed rodents microplastics at concentrations that were hundreds of thousands of times greater than they would be exposed to in nature. Furthermore, health effects have been studied for only 20% of the microplastic polymers that are known to occur in soils. Plastic pollution is arguably one of the most pressing ecological and public health issues of our time, yet existing lab-based research on the health effects of terrestrial microplastics does not reflect the conditions that free-ranging vertebrates are actually experiencing. Going forward, performing more true-to-life research will be of the utmost importance to fully understand the impacts of microplastics and maintain the public’s faith in the scientific process.

Graphical Abstract
Parameterize walkable urban forms considering perceptual qualities
Authors: Abdeldayem Walid S. , Morgan Sherif , Bakr Sawsan , Abdelhamid Ayman
Published: May 2023

Establishing new cities and communities to absorb the growth of the population is an urban regime for urban development; especially in developing countries like Egypt. Despite the massive construction done in new cities, people, as well as activities, are still attracted to traditional ones, where livability and walkability are well distinguished. That is all connected to what people perceive from the designed built environment. Much literature addresses this subjective relationship by specifying, measuring, and evaluating. Recent ones have correlated certain physical features and perceptual qualities related to walkability. This research aims to specify more this relationship by deducting design parameters that quantify perceptual walkable urban form. It measures 5 streets in 6 areas, which are already attracting walking and diverse activities in Greater Cairo. The research uses SPSS software to generate averages and ranges which represent values to describe certain urban form elements, the research concluded that different types of urban typologies endorse certain perceptual qualities more than others as well as present guiding design parameters for urban form elements that would help generate a well-perceived walkable urban form.
Log-constrained inversion based on a conjugate gradient-particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Zou Guangui , Liu Yanhai , Teng Deliang , Gong Fei , She Jiasheng , Ren Ke , Han Chengyang
Published: May 2023

Well-logging-constrained impedance inversion is an effective process for predicting the thickness and bifurcation of coal seams. Wavelet changes in a complex region achieve the best match between the inverse and source wavelets, affecting the accuracy of the inversion solution and the ability to obtain accurate inverted acoustic impedance (AI) data. We have conducted the joint inversion of wavelet and AI data using iterative methods, which combined the conjugate-gradient (CG) method and particle-swarm-optimization (PSO) algorithm. The Marmousi AI model was used to prove the reliability of the method. The CG-PSO algorithm achieved excellent results compared with the statistical wavelet pickup method. The wavelet obtained by the CG-PSO algorithm is preferred for inversion operations. We applied a new method to invert field data and predict the thickness and bifurcation of coal seams in the karst region. The results find that the wavelet spectrum obtained by the CG-PSO matches the spectrum map of the coal seam in the Yuwang colliery. We determined the distribution of the thickness and bifurcation of the 101 panel, Yuwang Colliery, Yunnan Province. The average error of the predicted coal thickness is 0.17 m (14.4%), which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The method provides insights into the AI inversion of constrained waves in complex regions.
Implementing Innovation: Informatics-Based Technologies to Improve Care Delivery and Clinical Research
Authors: Osterman Travis J. , Yao James C. , Krzyzanowska Monika K.
Published: May 2023

Improving technology has promised to improved health care delivery and the lives of patients. The realized benefits of technology, however, are delayed or less than anticipated. Three recent technology initiatives are reviewed: the Clinical Trials Rapid Activation Consortium (CTRAC), minimal Common Oncology Data Elements (mCODE), and electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes. Each initiative is at a different stage of maturity but promises to improve the delivery of cancer care. CTRAC is an ambitious initiative funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to develop processes across multiple NCI-supported cancer centers to facilitate the development of centralized electronic health record (EHR) treatment plans. Facilitating interoperability of treatment regimens has the potential to improve sharing between centers and decrease the time to begin clinical trials. The mCODE initiative began in 2019 and is currently Standard for Trial Use version 2. This data standard provides an abstraction layer on top of EHR data and has been implemented across more than 60 organizations. Patient-reported outcomes have been shown to improve patient care in numerous studies. Best practices for how to leverage these in an oncology practice continue to evolve. These three examples show how innovative has diffused into practice and evolved cancer care delivery and highlight a movement toward patient-centered data and interoperability.
Predicting Acute Care Events Among Patients Initiating Chemotherapy: A Practice-Based Validation and Adaptation of the PROACCT Model
Authors: Stein Jacob N. , Dunham Lisette , Wood William A. , Ray Emily , Sanoff Hanna , Elston-Lafata Jennifer
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE

Acute care events (ACEs), comprising emergency department visits and hospitalizations, are a priority area for reduction in oncology. Prognostic models are a compelling strategy to identify high-risk patients and target preventive services, but have yet to be broadly implemented, partly because of challenges with electronic health record (EHR) integration. To facilitate EHR integration, we adapted and validated the previously published PRediction Of Acute Care use during Cancer Treatment (PROACCT) model to identify patients at highest risk for ACEs after systemic anticancer treatment.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort of adults with a cancer diagnosis starting systemic therapy at a single center between July and November 2021 was divided into development (70%) and validation (30%) sets. Clinical and demographic variables were extracted, limited to those in structured format in the EHR, including cancer diagnosis, age, drug category, and ACE in prior year. Three logistic regression models of increasing complexity were developed to predict risk of ACEs.

RESULTS

Five thousand one hundred fifty-three patients were evaluated (3,603 development and 1,550 validation). Several factors were predictive of ACEs: age (in decades), receipt of cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunotherapy, thoracic, GI or hematologic malignancy, and ACE in the prior year. We defined high-risk as the top 10% of risk scores; this population had 33.6% ACE rate compared with 8.3% for the remaining 90% in the low-risk group. The simplest Adapted PROACCT model had a C-statistic of 0.79, sensitivity of 0.28, and specificity of 0.93.

CONCLUSION

We present three models designed for EHR integration that effectively identify oncology patients at highest risk for ACE after initiation of systemic anticancer treatment. By limiting predictors to structured data fields and including all cancer types, these models offer broad applicability for cancer care organizations and may offer a safety net to identify and target resources to this high risk.
Endometriosis: Cell Death and Cell Signaling Machinery
Authors: Carbone Ginearosa , Nelson Katherine , Baumgartner Claire , Bode Ann M , Takahashi Akimasa , Chefetz Ilana
Published: May 2023

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disorder defined as the deposition and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, including but not limited to the pelvic peritoneum, rectovaginal septum, and ovaries. Endometriosis is a substantial contributor to pelvic pain and subfertility and has been associated with an increased incidence of certain cancers, including ovarian. Appropriate treatment of endometriosis can reduce morbidity, but generally is used only to address symptoms, since no cure currently exists. Multifactorial etiologies for endometriosis have been proposed, with significant evidence for genetic, immune, and environmental causes. Recent advances suggest that molecular signaling and programmed cell death pathways are involved in endometriosis, suggesting avenues for future curative treatments. The goal of this review is to examine the pathologic processes of endometriosis, focusing on cell signaling and cell death pathways, stem cells, treatment regimens, and future directions surrounding this gynecologic disorder.
The Center Cannot Hold
Authors: Hanchey Jenna N.
Published: May 2023

In The Center Cannot Hold Jenna N. Hanchey examines the decolonial potential emerging from processes of ruination and collapse. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in rural Tanzania at an internationally funded NGO as it underwent dissolution, Hanchey traces the conflicts between local leadership and Western paternalism as well as the unstable subjectivity of Western volunteers—including the author—who are unable to withstand the contradictions of playing the dual roles of decolonializing ally and white savior. She argues that Western institutional and mental structures must be allowed to fall apart to make possible the emergence of decolonial justice. Hanchey shows how, through ruination, privileged subjects come to critical awareness through repeated encounters with their own complicity, providing an opportunity to delink from and oppose epistemologies of coloniality. After things fall apart, Hanchey posits, the creation of decolonial futures depends on the labor required to imagine impossible futures into being.
Composition and structure of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) assemblages along a vegetational gradient at Itacolomi State Park, southern Brazil
Authors: Nepomucena Thiago Coelho , Barreto Carlos , Paula Alexandre Silva de
Published: May 2023

Heteroptera are insects highly abundant and rich in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Despite their use as bioindicators and biocontrol agents, this group is not charismatic and thus is often not included in environmental assessments. Minas Gerais is a state in Southern Brazil with high level of species endemism where parks such as the Itacolomi State Park are suggested biodiversity hotspots. In this study we evaluated the composition, abundance and species richness of Heteroptera along a vegetational gradient (climax, early succession and rupestrian field). Samples were collected between December 2010 and October 2011, totalling 336 hours over 28 sampling events across all four seasons. One thousand individuals of 38 morphospecies were collected. Abundance was significantly higher in the Summer and lower in the Winter, and it was the highest in the rupestrian field. Richness and diversity also varied across seasons, but not between sites. The most abundant morphospecies was Euchilocoris sp. (22.1%), followed by Neostenotus sp. (21.4%), both in the Miridae family. Combining the high number of singletons identified in our study (8 spp.) with the accumulation curves that show new species records still being added in our last sampling season, we suggest that there are likely more species that were not collected. Despite the fact that our specimens were only identified to the genus level in most cases, this is the first study to characterize the Heteroptera fauna at Itacolomi State Park, as the park management plan did not include hemipterans.
Immigration and Entrepreneurship: The Role of Enclaves
Authors: Marinoni Astrid
Published: May 2023

Immigration has proven to be a major force driving entrepreneurial dynamics. In this paper I investigate how the geographical distribution of immigrants within a given country, and in particular the presence of “enclaves,” affects the relationship between immigration and entrepreneurship. I examine the impact of Polish immigration to Great Britain following the unprecedented migration wave caused by the European Union enlargement in 2004. I address omitted variable concerns by using information on the location of historical Polish military settlements and the occupational composition and growth of Polish immigration in Ireland to construct instruments for enclaves and location choices of immigrants. The econometric results indicate, on the one hand, that immigration does increase immigrant entrepreneurship, but not in existing immigrant enclaves. On the other hand, immigrant entrepreneurs outside enclaves tend to achieve worse growth outcomes than those in enclaves. Further analyses provide an explanation to these findings due to blocked labor markets and to the higher prevalence of “necessity entrepreneurship” outside of enclaves. These results offer new insights to understand the influence of geography on entrepreneurship in the presence of immigration.

This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4776 .
Abstract book of the 21st ECIM Congress
Authors: EJCRIM Editorial Office
Published: May 2023

Abstract book of the 21st European Congress of Internal Medicine (ECIM) joint with the 12th International Congress of Internal Medicine, 15-18 March, 2023, Athens, Greece.
Divergent Elbow Dislocation Associated with Ipsilateral Fractures of Ulnar Diaphysis and Radial Styloid Process in Adult: A Case Report
Authors: Hassini Lassaad , Mhiri Amir , Khalifa Mohamed Ali , Grissa Yamen , Mtaoumi Mourad , Bouattour Karim
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The divergent elbow dislocation represents a rare lesion where the proximal radioulnar joint is torn and the distal part of the humerus goes between the radius and the ulna, the forearm dislocates posteriorly. Case Report: We report the case of a 37-year-old male patient who had a traumatic divergent dislocation of the left elbow, associated with ipsilateral fractures of the ulnar diaphysis and the radial styloid process. The elbow joint was reduced under general anesthesia with internal fixation of the ulnar diaphysis fracture and a pinning of the radial styloid fracture. At 3 years of follow-up, the fractures were consolidated and the elbow was stable with a satisfying mobility. Conclusion: The aim of our case report is to underline the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of this complex lesion. Keywords: Elbow dislocation, forearm, fracture, radio-ulnar joint, ulna.
High-resolution multi-z confocal microscopy with a diffractive optical element
Authors: Zhao Bingying , Koyama Minoru , Mertz Jerome
Published: May 2023

There has been recent interest in the development of fluorescence microscopes that provide high-speed volumetric imaging for life-science applications. For example, multi-z confocal microscopy enables simultaneous optically-sectioned imaging at multiple depths over relatively large fields of view. However, to date, multi-z microscopy has been hampered by limited spatial resolution owing to its initial design. Here we present a variant of multi-z microscopy that recovers the full spatial resolution of a conventional confocal microscope while retaining the simplicity and ease of use of our initial design. By introducing a diffractive optical element in the illumination path of our microscope, we engineer the excitation beam into multiple tightly focused spots that are conjugated to axially distributed confocal pinholes. We discuss the performance of this multi-z microscope in terms of resolution and detectability and demonstrate its versatility by performing in-vivo imaging of beating cardiomyocytes in engineered heart tissues and neuronal activity in c. elegans and zebrafish brains.
Adaptive optimization technology of a conformal infrared dome based on the Von Karman surface under hypersonic conditions
Authors: Ju Lin , Liu Bo , Fan Zhigang , Zhang Wenzhi , Shi Xiaotian
Published: May 2023

With the advent of the hypersonic era, diverse combat methods of hypersonic precision-guided weapons have been gradually developed. This study focuses on the precise design of a conformal infrared dome to accommodate different working conditions. To achieve this, an adaptive optimization technology for configuring conformal infrared domes is proposed, employing a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The technology enables the dome to dynamically balance its aerodynamic and imaging performance, taking into account the specific characteristics of each working condition. Moreover, it streamlines the design process of the conformal infrared domes. By optimizing the design with von Karman surfaces, we can overcome the limitations associated with the traditional quadric configuration. In order to evaluate its performance, a comparison was made with a conventional ellipsoid dome. The results indicate that, under the same working conditions, the air drag coefficient of the optimized infrared dome is reduced by 34.29% and that the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the distorted image from the infrared detection system is increased by 1.7%. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of the optimization method to balance aerodynamic performance and optical performance. Hopefully, our new method will improve the comprehensive performance of the infrared dome as well as the guidance capability of infrared detection technology.
Rare earth metals detection and recognition based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Tian Liping , Shen Lingbin , Tian Dongpeng , Ge Yifan , Sun Zhongmou , Liu Yuzhu
Published: May 2023

The rapid detection and identification of the electronic waste (e-waste) containing rare earth (RE) elements is of great significance for the recycling of RE elements. However, the analysis of these materials is extremely challenging due to extreme similarities in appearance or chemical composition. In this research, a new system based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and machine learning algorithms is developed for identifying and classifying e-waste of rare-earth phosphors (REPs). Three different kinds of phosphors are selected and the spectra is monitored using this new developed system. The analysis of phosphor spectra shows that there are Gd, Yd, and Y RE element spectra in the phosphor. The results also verify that LIBS could be used to detect RE elements. An unsupervised learning method, principal component analysis (PCA), is used to distinguish the three phosphors and training data set is stored for further identification. Additionally, a supervised learning method, backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) algorithm is used to establish a neural network model to identify phosphors. The result show that the final phosphor recognition rate reaches 99.9%. The innovative system based on LIBS and machine learning (ML) has the potential to improve rapid in situ detection of RE elements for the classification of e-waste.
AlGaAs soliton microcombs at room temperature
Authors: Wu Lue , Xie Weiqiang , Chen Hao-Jing , Colburn Kellan , Xiang Chao , Chang Lin , Jin Warren , Liu Jin-Yu , Yu Yan , Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Bowers John E. , Suh Myoung-Gyun , Vahala Kerry J.
Published: May 2023

Soliton mode locking in high-Q
microcavities provides a way to integrate frequency comb systems.
Among material platforms, AlGaAs has one of the largest optical
nonlinearity coefficients, and is advantageous for low-pump-threshold
comb generation. However, AlGaAs also has a very large thermo-optic
effect that destabilizes soliton formation, and femtosecond soliton
pulse generation has only been possible at cryogenic temperatures.
Here, soliton generation in AlGaAs microresonators at room temperature
is reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The
destabilizing thermo-optic effect is shown to instead provide
stability in the high-repetition-rate soliton regime (corresponding to
a large, normalized second-order dispersion parameter D 2/κ).
Single soliton and soliton crystal generation with sub-milliwatt
optical pump power are demonstrated. The generality of this approach
is verified in a high-Q silica
microtoroid where manual tuning into the soliton regime is
demonstrated. Besides the advantages of large optical nonlinearity,
these AlGaAs devices are natural candidates for integration with
semiconductor pump lasers. Furthermore, the approach should generalize
to any high-Q resonator material
platform.
Visible femtosecond fiber laser
Authors: Lord Marie-Pier , Olivier Michel , Bernier Martin , Vallée Réal
Published: May 2023

Femtosecond fiber lasers have revolutionized the industry of laser technology by providing ultrashort pulses of high brightness through compact, affordable, and reliable setups. In this work, we extend the scope of application of such sources by reporting, to our knowledge, the first femtosecond fiber laser operating in the visible spectrum. The passively mode-locked ring cavity is based on nonlinear polarization evolution in a single-mode Pr3+-doped fluoride fiber and runs in an all-normal dispersion regime. Compressed pulses at 635 nm have a duration of 168 fs, a peak power of 0.73 kW, and a repetition rate of 137 MHz.