bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion classes: a comparative study
Authors: Alkofide Eman , Hashim Hayder
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a difference exists in intermaxillary tooth size among different malocclusion groups in Saudi patients. The study consisted of 240 pretreatment orthodontic casts (Sixty cases in each malocclusion class, in addition to normal occlusion). The results of the study shows no significant difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies for the overall ratio and anterior ratio between the different malocclusion groups, except for the anterior ratio in class III malocclusion. Further, no statistical significant difference was observed between males and females. When the mean values of the present study were compared to that of Bolton's, a significant difference was found in all the malocclusion classes.We can conclude from this study that Bolton tooth size analysis is an important diagnostic tool, and should be taken into consideration before initiation of orthodontic treatment.
Oropharyngeal airway appliance for infant with upper airway obstruction: report of a case
Authors: Shimoyama T. , Kato T. , Horie Norio , Nasu D. , Kaneko T.
Published: April 2015

A palatal appliance with oropharyngeal tube that reduces the upper airway obstructions of an elevenmonth-old male infant with severe cerebral palsy is presented. The palatal appliance was composed of the base plate, the outer guide tube that held the oropharyngeal tube inside it, and the extra outer guide tube for the suction catheter. After the setting of the appliance, respiratory distress was improved without side effects.
Stevens- Johnson syndrome: case presentation
Authors: Donta –Bakoyianni K. , Mitsea A. , Deodoropoulou-Papadimitriou K.
Published: April 2015

Erythema Multiforme (EM) is a rare mucocutaneous disease with a variety of clinical manifestations. EM it was recognized in the early 1800's, and still the etiology is unknown. It has been recently suggested erythema multiforme (EM) major and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) could be separated as two distinct clinical disorders with similar mucosal erosions, but different patterns of cutaneous lesions. In particular SJS should be used for a syndrome characterized by mucous membrane erosions and widespread small blisters that appear on erythematous or purpuric maculae, which are different from classic targets. In SJS mouth, eyes, skin, genitalia and occasionally the esophagus and respiratory track may be affected. Oral lesions may cause severe pain and usually lips may become encrusted. Concerning ocular involvement, if there is conjunctivitis or uveitis this may lead to scarring and blindness. Also, the course of disease and the prognosis are in most cases severe.
Cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth in a child treated with CO2 laser surgery: a case report
Authors: Guelmann Marcio , Britto Leandro , Katz Joseph
Published: April 2015

A case of a 10 year-old boy with gingival overgrowth due to cyclosporin therapy after heart transplantation is described. Different treatment approaches are discussed and the surgical effect of CO2 laser is illustrated. The critical role of routine professional cleaning and good oral health maintenance for the healthy status of the gingival tissue is also emphasized in this paper. Replacement of cyclosporin by tacrolimus, another immunosuppressive agent associated with minimal to none gingival overgrowth, might be considered in cases with reported recurrences.
Effectiveness of treatment with carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide in subjects affected by dental fluorosis: a clinical trial
Authors: Loyola-Rodriguez Juan Pablo , de Jesus Pozos-Guillen Amaury , Hernandez-Hernandez Felipe , Berumen-Maldonado Rocio , Patiño-Marin Nuria
Published: April 2015

Dental fluorosis is an endemic dental health problem around the world; so, it is important to develop clinical alternatives that are non-invasive and inexpensive. In this study, nightguard vital bleaching technique (NVBT), using carbamide and hydrogen peroxide as active agents, has shown itself to be effective in whitening teeth affected by dental fluorosis. Carbamide peroxide at 10 and 20% and hydrogen peroxide at 7.5% showed good clinical effectiveness in improving clinical appearence, but it is important to point out that clinical success is only in cases of class 1 to 3 of the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis. When comparing 10 and 20% concentrations of carbamide peroxide, there was no difference in the clinical effectiveness (p>0.05); but when comparing both concentrations of carbamide peroxide against hydrogen peroxide, results showed that carbamide peroxide was more effective in whitening in cases of dental fluorosis, the difference being statistically significant (p<0.05). NVBT has two advantages: it is a non-invasive technique and the relationship cost/benefit is excellent; only a few patients reported tenderness or mild tooth sensitivity.
Clinical complications associated with supernumerary teeth: report of two cases
Authors: Alonso Chevitarese Ana Beatriz , Maria Tavares Claudia , Primo Laura
Published: April 2015

The presence of supernumerary teeth can interfere in normal occlusal development. The pediatric dentist should diagnose them as soon as possible, as most of the time they are asymptomatic. The objective of this paper is to show the presence of that dental anomaly in two pediatric patients, as well as the associated clinical complications with treatment.
Biological factors in dental caries: role of saliva and dental plaque in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 1)
Authors: Hicks John , Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Flaitz Catherine
Published: April 2015

Dental caries is a complex disease process that afflicts a large proportion of the world's population, regardless of gender, age and ethnicity, although it does tend to affect more indivduals with a low socioeconomic status to a greater extent. The process of dental caries is dependent upon biological factors that are present within the saliva and dental plaque. There are many different agents within saliva and plaque that serve to protect the tooth surface against caries development. Salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, antimicrobial activity, microorganism aggregation and clearance from the oral cavity, immune surveillance, and calcium phosphate binding proteins all interact to inhibit or reverse demineralization of exposed tooth surfaces. Cariogenic bacteria levels within the saliva and plaque determine whether caries will occur or not, and the concentration in saliva and plaque are intimately related to the type of carbohydrate ingestion and the frequency of ingestion, as well as the oral hygiene practiced by the individual.
Alternative rehabilitation treatment for a patient with ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Valle Daniella Della , Chevitarese Ana Beatriz Alonso , Maia Lucianne Cople , Farinhas Joao Alfredo
Published: April 2015

The ectodermal dysplasia constitutes a group of hereditary disorders whose clinical manifestations can be defects in ectodermal structures. The hypohidrotic and anihidrotic are commonly types of ectodermal dysplasia.The main characteristics are dental anomalies, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis. The oral rehabilitation of this patients is important for better social living, self esteem and oral function. This paper had as objective to relate and discuss a case of anihidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, describing the positive influence of an alternative rehabilitation treatment.
Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome
Authors: Jeftha A. , Stephen L. , Morkel J. , Beighton P.
Published: April 2015

Crouzon craniostenosis [MIM 123500], is identified on the basis of the additional phenotypical manifestations of acanthosis nigricans, vertebral changes and cementomas of the jaws. Choanal atresia and hydrocephalus are other features. The molecular defect in CDSS is a point mutation in the FGFR3 gene on chromosome 4p, whereas, the mutation in the Crouzon syndrome is in the FGFR2 gene at 10q25.3-26.An affected girl aged 2 years presented at the UWC dental genetics unit with a prior diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome. Choanal atresia had necessitated a permanent tracheostomy, and hydrocephalus was managed by a shunt operation. Clinical examination revealed acanthosis nigricans in the axilliary regions, a diagnosis confirmed by a biopsy of the lesion. Eruption of the primary dentition was delayed with only six out of twenty teeth present. Radiographic examination conducted shortly after birth revealed the presence of several tooth buds in both the maxillae and the mandible. The delayed eruption of the teeth will be of significance in future orthodontic and maxillofacial measures for the improvement of the patient's facial Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome (CDSS) was separated from the classical appearance. Molecular investigations in the girl and her parents are underway. If the specific mutation in FGFR3 is observed, a positive diagnosis of CDSS will be confirmed and the status of her parents and other family members will be determined. On this basis, appropriate genetic management can be offered to the kindred.
Comparative clinical evaluation of slot versus dovetail Class III composite restorations in primary anterior teeth
Authors: Trairatvorakul Chutima , Piwat Supatcharin
Published: April 2015

This study compares the clinical characteristic evaluations of slot against dovetail class III composite restorations.Focusing on the primary anterior teeth of children aged 2 years 6 months to 5 years 3 months with the mean age of 4 years, thirty-six matched pairs of class III of slot and dovetail preparations were made by one investigator. These preparations were evaluated for marginal adaptation, anatomic form, secondary caries and marginal discoloration after 6, 12, and 24 months by another investigator with the intra-examiner reliability of 0.95 – 1 (Kappa Statistic). The results revealed no statistical significance in the difference of clinical characteristics between the two designs (p > 0.05).
Van der Woude Syndrome: a report of two cases
Authors: King N , Cheong C , Sanares A
Published: April 2015

Van der Woude syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition with high penetrance and variable expression. It consists of a cleft lip and/or palate pits on the vermilion of the lower lip, and hypodontia. Two cases of congenital lip pits with cleft lip and alveolus and an isolated cleft palate are described to illustrate the variable presentation of the clinical features and the importance of early recognition of Van der Woude syndrome because of the genetic implications.
Growth changes of general and dental health status in Taiwanese children from mixed to early permanent dentition
Authors: Tsai Hung-Huey , Sun Kuo-Ting
Published: April 2015

For this study, the general and dental health status of 463 Taiwanese children aged 9 to 12 years was evaluated. There were statistically significant increases in all measurements from Hellman's dental developmental stages IIIA to IVA except for the maximum mandibular protrusive, right lateral, and left lateral movements. Maximum bite forces had diminished in stage IIIB. Boys had larger maximum bite forces and hand-grip forces than did girls after stage IIIC. The proportion of subjects with TMD signs or symptoms increased to 60% by stage IVA.
The effect of glove contamination on the bond strength of resin to enamel
Authors: Sanders Brian , Pollock Adam , Weddell James , Moore Keith
Published: April 2015

Over the past twenty years infection control protocol has evolved and use of gloves is now mandatory. Practitioners have become aware of potential interactions between the latex gloves and many of the dental material used as well as the potential for contamination from the gloves. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of bonded restorations to enamel of uncontaminated and contaminated resin adhesive with powder free and powdered latex gloves. The results of the study demonstrated that the resin bonding agent that was in contact with either powdered or non- powdered latex gloves did not have a significant effect on the shear bond strength of the bonded restoration.
Delayed formation of a lower second premolar
Authors: da Silva Filho Omar Gabriel , de Cássia Moura Carvalho Lauris Rita , Ferrari Júnior Flávio Mauro , Okada Ozawa Terumi
Published: April 2015

Delayed odontogenesis of a lower second premolar is presented in a case treated without extraction and focuses on the 7-year follow-up of the delayed tooth bud. The follow-up was initiated when the crown formation was diagnosed and was finished when the tooth erupted completely into the orthodontically provided space, which enabled the orthodontic leveling and alignment of the delayed premolar. The long follow-up indicates that delayed tooth buds may develop completely and normally.
Fetal intermediate rhabdomyoma of the lip
Authors: Fernández José Martín Toranzo , Medlich Marco Antonio Metlich , López Luis Horacio Rojas , Loredo César Federico Gutiérrez , Luque Lizzete Claudia Ortiz
Published: April 2015

Fetal rhabdomyoma is a rare benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle that must be distinguished histologically from various malignant lesions, including rhabdomyosarcoma. They have recently been subdivided into two histological variants myxoid and cellular fetal rhabdomyomas. This article describes a case of an 8 month infant with a fetal rhabdomyoma in the upper lip. Illustrate the histological features and discusses the means of distinguishing these lesions from various other conditions with which they may be confused.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 179-180, 2005
Freeman-Sheldon syndrome: dental and orthodontic implications
Authors: Roberts T. , Stephen L. , Naidoo T. , Fieggen K. , Beighton P.
Published: April 2015

The manifestations of the Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (FSS) in four members of a South African family of Xhosa stock have been documented. Orofacial manifestations are a major syndromic component and warrant early, specialized orthodontic intervention. Our protocol for dental management is outlined and suggestions for holistic oro-dental care are provided.
The central giant cell granuloma in childhood: clinical case report
Authors: Mota Loyola Adriano , Vieira Fernandes Alexandre , Onorio Magalhaes Aparecido , Rodrigues Moreira Marilia
Published: April 2015

This report reviews the literature involving the central giant cell granuloma. Diagnosis and treatment are presented. The article reports the case of central giant cell granuloma, affecting the anterior region maxillary of a child, whom a conservative treatment, with cryotherapy, helped the preservation of anterior permanent teeth germs.
Long term radiographic study of bilateral second premolars with immature root treated by apexogenesis and apexification
Authors: Seo Reishi , Maki Kenshi , Hidaka Akiko , Higuchi Manabu , Kimura Mitsutka
Published: April 2015

A ten-year-old girl broke the central cusps of the mandibular second premolars. The mandibular right second premolar was treated with apexification and the left with apexogenesis. These methods were chosen in view of the presented clinical symptoms, radiographic findings, and outcome of bacterial cultures of root canal samples. At postoperative 2 years 8 months, disappearance of the focus, closure of the root canal, and formation of the root apex were observed in both mandibular premolars. The mandibular left second premolar demonstrated a nearly normal root formation and root apex morphology. Immediately beneath the extracted pulp, regular, uniform, and thick hard tissue was formed. Meanwhile, in the mandibular right second premolar, root growth was suspended, making the root short, and the contour was constructed in such a way that it encircled the distal apical area from the mesial side forming the root apex.
Flowable resin used as a sealant in molars affected by dental fluorosis: a comparative study
Authors: Pablo Loyola-Rodriguez Juan , Mendoza-Razo Veronica , Rodriguez-Juarez Fernando , Campos-Cambranis Rafael
Published: April 2015

The decline in prevalence and incidence of dental caries in developed countries over the last two decades is considered to be due mainly to the widespread use of fluoride in different forms, but simultaneously with decline in caries, an increase in dental fluorosis has been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the Conventional Sealant Technique (CST) and Enameloplasty Sealant Technique (EST) using a flowable resin as sealant in molars affected by dental fluorosis.A total of 40 extracted third molars affected by dental fluorosis were divided at random into two groups of 20 teeth each, and Tetric Flow resin was used as sealant. All teeth were studied for lateral adaptation and resin penetration by direct and indirect techniques; all samples were replicated in epoxy resin and were evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that EST allowed a deeper sealant penetration and a superior sealant adaptation than CST, both in direct and indirect evaluations by SEM. The most important variables being penetration-interface and penetration depth both being statistically significant (p<0.05). The CST did not flow into the bottom of the fissures, leaving spaces that can favor the fracture of the material and initiate the process of dental caries.We conclude that a flowable ceromer is an excellent material alternative to be used as sealant and that EST is quite necessary in molars affected by dental fluorosis, the combination of both being a reliable method to be used as primary prevention approach of dental caries in endemic areas of dental fluorosis.
Effect of oral anticipatory guidance on oral health and oral hygiene practices in preschool children
Authors: Conçalves Farias Débora , Coelho Leal Soraya , Ayrton de Toledo Orlando , Faber Jorge , Cristina Barreto Bezerro Ann
Published: April 2015

Thirty children (6 to 18 months), enrolled in a dental program since birth, make up the intervention group. Control group consisted of thirty children who were of similar age and gender but had never been to a dental office. The presence of visible dental plaque and the performance of oral hygiene differed statistically between both groups. The dental program was effective in reducing visible dental plaque, and in establishing oral health habits among parents and young children.
An assessment of a new reminder therapy technique for ceasing digit sucking habits in children
Authors: Al-Emran Dr. Sulaiman , Al-Jobair Dr. Asma
Published: April 2015

Twenty-one digit-sucker children aged 4-12 old years participated in the assessment of a new reminder therapy technique called "long sleeve sleeping gown".The result of this study indicated that fifteen children (71.4%) out of 21 were able to stop digit-sucking habits after the application of long sleeve's gown during child's bedtime for 6 weeks. The children who failed to cease this digit-sucking habit (28.6%) were found to not accept to complete the trial period or their mothers thought that they were too young to stop the habit. Among the success group no child was reported to return to digit-sucking 3 months after implementation of long sleeves gown.
An esthetic point of view in very young children
Authors: Kapur Aditi , HS Chawla , Goyal Ashima , Gauba Krishan
Published: April 2015

Extensive carious breakdown of primary anterior teeth to the cervical level and their loss in very young children invariably leads to lack of confidence and self-esteem and may cause psychological problems. The present paper deals with the management of three such cases by means of biological restorations, anterior fixed space maintainer and over-dentures.
Postsurgical use of prosthetic palatal appliances. Two case reports.
Authors: Artopoulou Ioli-Ioanna , Higuera Stephen , Martin Jack , Stal Samuel , Chambers Mark
Published: April 2015

Patients with cleft lip or palate encounter a myriad of difficulties in their early years of life, some of which begin at birth. The defect often impairs suckling and deglutition in the neonate. It can hinder appropriate speech development and may impose undue social and psychological stresses. Surgical and orthodontic interventions are essential and prosthetic palatal appliances play an important role not only throughout the patient's treatment course, but also in the treatment of unfavorable surgical sequelae.
Orthodontic treatment of an impacted dilacerated maxillary incisor: A case report
Authors: Cozza Paola , Marino Alessandra , Condo Roberta
Published: April 2015

Dilaceration is one of the causes of permanent maxillary incisor eruption failure. It is a developmental distortion of the form of a tooth that commonly occurs in permanent incisors as result of trauma to the primary predecessors whose apices lie close to the permanent tooth germ.We present a case of post-traumatic impaction of a dilacerated central maxillary left incisor in a young patient with a class II malocclusion.
Spontaneous eruption of an occult incisor fragment from the lip after eight months: Report of a case
Authors: Rao Dinesh , Hegde Sapna
Published: April 2015

Large majorities of dental traumas are associated with soft-tissue injury and tooth fragments. They are often found embedded in the oral soft tissues, most commonly the lip. Early detection and complete removal of such fragments is critical in order to prevent infection and scarring. Adequate communication between medical and dental professionals involved is of considerable value in the management of such cases. This report presents a case of spontaneous extrusion of an occult incisor fragment from the lower lip, eight months after trauma.
Skeletal maturation analysis by morphological evaluation of the cervical vertebrae
Authors: César Almada Santos Eduardo , Antônio Bertoz Francisco , de Moraes Arantes Flávia , Maria Pizzo Reis Patrícia , Pinheiro de Magalhães Bertoz André
Published: April 2015

The determination of skeletal maturation by morphological evaluation of the cervical vertebrae was evaluated in a 100 cephalograms. The analysis showed that this method was reproducible for assessing the individual's growth curve.
Effect of fluoride- and nonfluoride-containing resin sealants on mineral loss of incipient artificial carious lesion.
Authors: Vatanatham Kwanrudee , Trairatvorakul Chutima , Tantbirojn Daranee
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in mineral loss of incipient enamel artificial carious lesions that were sealed with fluoride- or nonfluoride-containing resin sealant. Two artificial lesions (2x2 mm2 each) were created on buccal surface of 60 premolars by using Carbopol demineralizing solution. Lesions in the first group (30 teeth) was sealed with Delton® and Delton®Plus, the second group (30 teeth) was sealed with Helioseal® and Helioseal®F. All teeth were immersed in artificial saliva for 7 days and sectioned through the lesions. The cross-sectioned surfaces were polished and then subjected to Vickers hardness measurement at 20 mm from the resin-enamel interface, and every 10 mm inwards across the lesion to the underlying sound enamel. Mineral content was converted from hardness number. Mean mineral loss was calculated and was compared between lesions sealed with fluoride- or nonfluoride-containing sealants. Mean±SD of mineral loss for Delton, Delton Plus, Helioseal and Helioseal-F were 1423±441, 1287±421, 1223±284, and 1165±267 VPM.mm, respectively. Paired t-test showed that the mineral loss of incipient enamel carious lesions sealed with fluoride-containing sealants, Delton Plus and Helioseal-F, were not significantly different from those of nonfluoride-containing sealants, Delton and Helioseal (P>0.05).
The Attitude of parents toward behavior management techniques in pediatric dentistry
Authors: Alammouri Mahmoud
Published: April 2015

Purpose: investigate the parental attitude toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry

Methods and materials: Parents watched a videotape that showed these techniques and then filled a questionnaire.

Results: Tell-Show-Do, Positive Reinforcement, and Distraction were highly approved. Voice Control, Parent Separation, and Nonverbal Communication were moderately approved. The Hand-Over-Mouth, Nitrous Oxide Sedation, Conscious Sedation, and General Anesthesia were least approved.

Conclusion: The general parental attitudes were positive regarding the behavioral management techniques.
Bond Strength Analysis of Intracanal Posts used in Anterior Primary Teeth: an in vitro study.
Authors: Luiz Pinheiro Sérgio , Strazzeri Bönecker Marcelo José , Antonio Duarte Danilo , Carlos Pettorossi Imparato José , Oda Margareth
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this in vitro study is to assess the bond strength of three different posts used to restore primary anterior teeth. These posts were made by composite resin, 0.7mm alpha-shaped orthodontic wire and dentin posts. Thirty roots of extracted primary anterior teeth, with initial physiological resorption, were mounted in a container filled with self cured resin and were endodontically treated. Thirty posts were prepared using three different materials: 10 composite resin posts (Z100), 10 alpha-shaped orthodontic wire and 10 dentin posts. A bulk of composite resin (Z100) was made over the posts using a circular Teflon bisected strip. The specimens were stored in 37°C water solution for 24 hours before tensile bond strength tests in 0,5mm/min speed were performed (Instron model 4442 test machine- Instron Corporation). The results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test and there were no significant statistical differences among the three types of posts assessed (p=0.8666). The dentin posts technique might be considered an alternative for rehabilitation in pediatric dentistry. because of the possibility of natural resorption.
The Use of Popsicles after Dental Treatment with Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ram Diana , Efrat Jacob , Michovitz Naama , Moskovitz Moti
Published: April 2015

The purpose of the study was to assess how children felt after dental treatment when receiving a popsicle or a toy. Each patient received either a popsicle or a toy after dental treatment on the first visit, and the other on the second visit. A significant difference (p=0.0235) was found 10 minutes and thereafter 30 minutes after dental treatment. More children reported feeling better when they received a popsicle than when they received a toy.
Getting to Know the Early Childhood Caries Through Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Volschan Bartira Cruxên
Published: April 2015

This study aimed to perform a social diagnosis of a cross-section of a low-income population as a means of developing prevention strategies for Early Childhood Caries. The subjects of the study were 65 children from 0 to 5 years of age and their mothers. The methodology used was the Qualitative Analysis of Surveyed Data technique. The results showed that social factors as well as behavioral and educational conditions of this disease were related.
Occulocerebrocutaneous Syndrome: a case report
Authors: Cohen Lindsey , Fancher Amber , MacLaren Jill , Lim Crystal
Published: April 2015

Occulocerebrocutaneous syndrome is a rare condition characterized by orbital cysts and skin tags. The presence of supernumerary teeth has not previously been associated with this syndrome. A primary supernumerary tooth with a permanent supernumerary successor was found in this case. This highlights the importance of very careful examination when assessing children with syndromes.
Clinical Evaluation of FUJI VII Sealant Material:
Authors: Ganesh M , Tandon Shobha
Published: April 2015

200 children of the age groups of 3-5 years and 6-7 years were selected for sealant application, each consisting of 100 children. The clinical retention of Fuji VII was tested in both primary and permanent molar teeth at time intervals of 6 months, 12 months and 24 months follow-up and compared with a resin based sealant, Concise. Results demonstrated that there was no difference in the performance of the materials in primary and permanent teeth.
Propylthiouracil (PROP) - A Tool to Determine Taster Status in Relation to Caries Experience, Streptococcus Mutans Levels and Dietary Preferences in Children
Authors: Verma Priya , Shetty Vabitha , Hegde Amitha
Published: April 2015

Purpose: Dental caries remains the single most common disease of childhood that is neither self-limiting nor amenable to short term pharmacological management. Hence, there is a need to identify and institute preventive measures for those children who are at a greater risk for developing dental caries to determine the prevalence of tasters and non tasters among the group of school aged children. To compare and contrast the prevalence of dental caries, S.mutans levels and dietary preferences in children with different genetic sensitivity levels to the bitter taste of PROP.

Method: A total no of 500 children belonging to the age group of 6-12 years of both sexes were recruited from A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences in Mangalore, India. PROP sensitivity test was carried out to determine the inherent genetic ability to taste a bitter or sweet substance. Estimation of Streptococcus mutans levels were done, a questionnaire was given to evaluate their dietary habits and the caries experience was recorded. Collected data were tabulated and subjected for statistical analysis using Pearson Chi – square test of significance.

Results: The results suggested that there was increase in the caries experience and S.mutans levels among the group of non tasters as compared to tasters. Tasters tended to be sweet dislikers and non tasters tended to be sweet likers. On the whole tasters had a healthier dentition as compared to non tasters.

Conclusion: The PROP test proved to be a useful tool in determining the genetic sensitivity levels of bitter taste. Knowledge of an individuals taste perception can help us in identifying the children who are at higher risk for dental caries.
Oral-health Workshop Targeted at 0-5-yr. old Deprived Children's Parents and Caregivers: Effect on Knowledge and Practices
Authors: Martignon S , González M , Santamaría R , Jácome-Liévano S , Muñoz Y , Moreno P
Published: April 2015

One-session oral-health workshop was targeted at 770 parents and 60 caregivers of 0-5-year-old low-income children. Lower plaque scores (Silness & Löe-modified index) were observed in test-group-(TG) children after 1 and 6-months (Median=0) than control-group-(CG) (Median=1)(p<0.05), with a significant improvement from baseline among the TG (p<0.05). The questionnaire showed improvement in the TG parents/caregivers' knowledge after 1- 6-months regarding white-spot lesion visual recognition; with respect to the practices, these improved after 1-6, but decreased after 6-months.
Dental Findings and Treatment in Consanguinity Associated Congenital Chronic Familial Neutropenia
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Cogulu Dilsah , Kardesler Levent , Kütükçüler Necil
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this report is to describe dental findings and treatment of an 11-year old male patient and a 5-year old female patient, children of first cousins, suffering from severe benign congenital chronic familial neutropenia. This case report emphazises the importance of differential diagnosis of immunodeficiencies including congenital chronic familial neutropenia in the background of severe periodontal diseases and/or diffuse carious lesions in children.
Developmental Changes of Pharyngeal Airway Structures from Young to Adult Persons
Authors: Tsai Hung-Huey
Published: April 2015

This cross-sectional study investigated developmental changes of pharyngeal airway structures. The materials were comprised of 120 lateral cephalometric radiographs and were divided into three stages according to the dental age. Results indicated that the upper pharyngeal depth increased with age, whereas, the lower pharyngeal depth was established early in life. The pharynx increases its capacity predominantly by vertical expansion. The developmental changes in pharyngeal structures were significantly greater in males than in females.
Short Resin-posts Bonding to Primary Dentin. Microleakage and Micro-morphological an in vitro study.
Authors: Ferreira M , Kummer T , Vieira R , Calvo M
Published: April 2015

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the adhesion of two bonding systems (Single Bond and Adper Prompt L Pop, 3M ESPE) to short resin posts in the root dentin of primary teeth. Statistical analysis (Mann Whitney) revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the materials (p= 0.75), but the Single Bond group presented a wider resin-dentin inter-diffusion zone (RDIZ). Both groups showed long resin tags. It was concluded that although Single Bond produced a wider adhesive interface than Adper Prompt L Pop, leakage levels occurred in both systems.
Effect of Formaldehyde on Rat Liver in Doses Used in Pulpotomies
Authors: Cortés O. , Fernández J , Boj J. , Canalda C.
Published: April 2015

Many studies have questioned the toxic effects of formocresol, one of which is its systemic distribution. This study focused on determining whether there was risk of acute hepatic lesion after the use of intravenous formaldehyde in doses for multiple pulpotomies in rats. Histological and biochemical changes were evaluated. Results showed that very high doses of formaldehyde injected into rats, doses that were much higher than those given for multiple pulp treatments in a single session in Pediatric Dentistry, showed no signs of liver toxicity.
Chemical Versus Conventional Caries Removal Techniques in Primary Teeth: A Microhardness Study
Authors: Pires Corrêa Fernanda Nahás , Oliveira Rocha Rachel de , Rodrigues Filho Leonardo Eloy , Muench Antônio , Delgado Rodrigues Célia Regina Martins
Published: April 2015

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the remaining dentinal surface after carious tooth tissue removal with a low speed conventional bur and two chemomechanical methods, (PapacárieTM and Carisolv®), using the microhardness test. It was concluded that the hardness of the remaining dentin after carious tissue removal was lower than that obtained on healthy dentin, without significance between the different means of carious tissue removal (p<0.05).
Dimensional Changes in Dental Arches After Treatment with a Prefabricated Functional Appliance
Authors: Ramirez-Yañez G , Sidlauskas A , Junior E , Fluter J
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the T4K, a prefabricated functional appliance, on the transverse and anterior-height dimensions of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. Dimensions before and after treatment were measured on the sample, then, natural growth was subtracted from the treatment effects and compared with twice the error of the method. A clinically significant increase of both dimensions was observed in the maxilla and mandible when Class II malocclusion patients were treated with the T4K. Therefore, this retrospective study demonstrates that T4K is a valid treatment choice at an early age when transverse expansion is part of the treatment goal.
Considerations for the Use of Enteral Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Yasny Jeffrey , Asgari Ali
Published: April 2015

Treating an uncooperative, uncontrollable child can be unpleasant for all parties involved. Despite the dentist's best efforts to employ traditional techniques, the behavioral management of challenging pediatric dental patients often requires more than "tell, show, do." Consequently, pre-operative pharmacological intervention may be necessary. Enteral sedation may be the optimal adjunct for the dental treatment of such a challenging patient population. However, it must be utilized with caution and is not an appropriate treatment modality for all. This paper will present various considerations for the safe, appropriate and effective use of enteral sedation in contemporary pediatric dentistry. With the strong demand for this service, properly trained practitioners can broaden their practice and provide a win-win scenario for themselves and their patients.
Cytotoxicity, Histopathological, Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of an Endodontic Iodoform-Based Paste Used in Pediatric Dentistry: A Review
Authors: Cerqueira Daniella Ferraz , Volpi Mello-Moura Anna Carolina , Santos Elaine Marcílio , Guedes-Pinto Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2015

This review aims at describing and comparing materials commonly used in root canal therapy, the cytotoxicity,histopathological, microbiological and clinical aspects of a iodoform-based paste (Guedes-Pinto Paste-GPP) used in endodontic treatment of primary teeth. GPP has shown excellent biocompatibility to pulp fibroblasts and mild inflammatory reactions, having been well-tolerated by the periapical and connective tissues. Moreover, GPP bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against many oral microorganisms were also demonstrated. Regarding clinical trials, the GPP technique has achieved success rates when considering clinical and radiographic examinations. In the face of all the above mentioned results, this paper would like to propose the use of this endodontic material as a root canal filling for primary teeth.
Assessment of Intranasal Midazolam Administration with a Dose of 0.5 mg/ Kg in Behavior Management of Uncooperative Children
Authors: Mazaheri Romina , Eshghi AliReza , Bashardoost Nasrollah , Kavyani Naser
Published: April 2015

Aim: Intranasal midazolam has been used to induce conscious sedation in children with negative and aggressive behavior. The main goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intranasal administration of midazolam (with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg) in behavior management of uncooperative children. Materials and methods: Thirty healthy, difficult children of 3-5 years were evaluated. At the beginning of each session, ordinary techniques of behavior management to treat patients were applied. In cases of unsatisfactory responses, intranasal midazolam was immediately employed. To determine the efficacy of the drug,child behavior was evaluated before and after administration of midazolam using Houpt rating scale of general behavior. Results: A statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the patients' behavior before and after administration of intranasal midazolam. Conclusions: this drug is effective in sedation and reduction of the anxiety of children under treatment.
Effect of Various Mouthwashes on the Levels of Interleukin-2 and Interferon-γ in Chronic Gingivitis
Authors: Sharma Shivalal , Saimbi C. , Koirala Bandana , Shukla Rakesh
Published: April 2015

The aim of this double blind study was to evaluate the effect of various mouthwashes: Chlorhexidine, Essential oil, Azadirachta indica (Neem) extract, and Povidone iodine on gingival tissue interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in patients with chronic gingivitis. A total of 80 patients (42 boys, 38 girls; mean age 16.0 ± 1.8 years) were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into four groups of 20 each: Group I- Azadirachta indica (Neem) extract, Group II - Essential oil, Group III - Povidone iodine, and Group IV - Chlorhexidine. They were instructed to use these mouthwashes for two weeks. Plaque and gingival indices scores, and IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the gingival tissues were measured at baseline and after two weeks of mouthwash use. Results showed the reduction of plaque and gingival indices, and IL-2 and IFN-γ level with Chlorhexidine, Essential oil, and Povidone iodine, which were found to be statistically significant. Although Neem reduced the level of plaque and gingival indices, and IL-2 and IFN-γ to a certain level, it was not statistically significant. Therefore, Chlorhexidine, Essential oil, and Povidone iodine mouthwashes can be used as an adjunct to oral prophylaxis in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in patients with chronic gingivitis.
Chemo-Mechanical Removal of Caries in an Adolescent Patient Using a Papain Gel: Case Report
Authors: Bussadori S , Guedes C , Hermida Bruno M , Ram D
Published: April 2015

The chemo-mechanical model of caries removal has been introduced as an alternative method of caries removal and is indicated to overcome the inconvenience of using burs and local anesthesia, causing less discomfort to the patient, and preserving healthy dental structure. Papacarie® is a papain gel composed basically of papain, chloramines, and toluidine blue. Papain interacts with exposed collagen by the dissolution of dentin minerals through bacteria, making the infected dentin softer, and allowing its removal with non-cutting instruments without local anesthesia and burs. This paper proposes the use of a papain-based gel for the removal of active caries with infected tissue followed by a glass ionomer restoration in an adolescent patient. Removal of caries tissue with Papacarie® proved to be efficient, easy and comfortable for the patient.
Eruption Cysts in the Neonate
Authors: Ricci Hérica Adad , Parisotto Thaís Manzano , Aparecida Giro Elisa Maria , de Souza Costa Carlos Alberto , Hebling Josimeri
Published: April 2015

Disturbances of the dental development may result in anomalies, which may be apparent as soon as the child is born. Eruption cysts are rarely observed in neonates considering that at this stage of the child's life teeth eruption is uncommon. Thus, the aim of this report is to describe a case of eruption cysts in a neonate. A male neonate was brought to the emergency service with the chief complaint of an elevated area on the anterior region of the inferior alveolar ridge. The lesion was clinically characterized as a compressive and floating swelling. Through a radiographic exam two mandibular primary incisors could be seen superficially located. Due to the patient's age and the initial diagnosis of eruption cysts the conduct adopted was clinical surveillance. Forty-five days after the first visit the lesions had significantly decreased in size, and completely disappeared after 4 months. At that age, both mandibular central incisors were already in the oral cavity exhibiting small hypoplastic areas in the incisal edges. The clinical and radiographic follow-up of eruption cysts in neonates appears to be an adequate conduct without differing from that recommended for older children.
Oral Health Care of Children: Gynecologists and Pediatricians'Perspective
Authors: Subramaniam Priya , Girish Babu K , Babu P Suresh , Naidu Premila
Published: April 2015

Gynecologists, pediatricians and other medical professionals are more likely to see expecting mothers and infants much earlier than dentists. Thus, it is essential for these specialists to be aware of the infectious nature of dental caries and its associated risk factors and make appropriate decisions regarding timely and effective intervention. Objective: To know the perception of gynecologists and pediatricians towards oral health care of children. Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted. Results: The present study shows that the pediatrician is more actively involved in the oral health care of children as compared to gynecologists in Bangalore city, India. Conclusion: Pediatricians and gynecologists need to update themselves on recent recommendations, regarding infant oral health so as to ensure that all their patients receive timely preventive and restorative dental care.
Use of Laser fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscope to Evaluate Remineralization of Incipient Enamel Lesions Remineralized by Topical Application of Casein Phospho Peptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) Containing Cream
Authors: Pai Deepika. , Bhat Sham , Taranath Abhay , Sargod Sharan , Pai Vinita
Published: April 2015

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralization of incipient enamel lesions by the topical application of Casein PhosphoPeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) using laser fluorescence and scanning electron microscope.

Sixty caries free extracted teeth were used in the study. Forty teeth were used as test samples, ten as positive and ten as negative controls. The samples were demineralized and then remineralized by the topical application of CPP-ACP for a period of 14 days. The remineralization was evaluated with the use of laser fluorescence and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of this study showed that the laser fluorescent readings of test samples after remineralization were highly significant (p <0.001). A significant number of test samples observed under SEM showed high scores of remineralization.
Application of Computed Tomography for Supernumerary Teeth Location in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Raupp Suziane , Kramer Paulo Floriani , Willhelm de Oliveira Helena , Miranda da Rosa Francinne , Faraco Junior Italo Medeiros
Published: April 2015

Conventional radiographs provide bi-dimensional images of three-dimensional structures limiting optimal treatment planning. To overcome this deficiency, Computed Tomography (CT) has been used as a diagnostic method in Medicine and Dentistry. CT allows for supernumerary teeth location, the establishment of positional relations with other teeth, and the assessment of surrounding bone thickness; thus, facilitating surgical access and technique choice while reducing the procedure time, of great importance in pediatric dental care. The aim of this study was to present the possibility of applying CT for supernumerary teeth location, through the case report of a five-year-old female patient presenting two supernumerary teeth in the anterior palatal area. In conclusion, CT appears to be an excellent image diagnostic method for locating unerupted supernumerary teeth, providing precise information for planning and performing the surgical approach, while reducing operatory time and post-operatory complications; factors of extreme importance when treating young children.
Early Treatment of a Class II, Division 2 Malocclusion with the Trainer for Kids (T4K): A Case Report
Authors: Ramirez-Yañez German , Paulo Faria
Published: April 2015

This paper reports a Class II, division 2 malocclusion case successfully treated at an early age and in a relatively short period of time using the Trainer for Kids (T4K), a prefabricated functional appliance. Skeletal changes observed in the before and after treatment cephalic radiographs were compared with the expected changes produced by the patient's natural growth. The functional appliance's effects resulting in the outcomes observed in this clinical case, as well as the importance of identifying the etiological factors when treating a malocclusion will be discussed.
The Use of Fluoride Varnish in Children: A Critical Review with Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Miller Elizabeth , Vann, Jr William
Published: April 2015

This paper expands upon the recent report of the expert panel commissioned by the American Dental Association's Council on Scientific Affairs by offering evidence-based clinical recommendations for professionally applied topical fluoride. The authors strongly support the panel's recommendation that clinicians should rely upon caries risk criteria for determining those children who will receive a topical fluoride treatment. In this paper, the authors will take a position that when clinicians have made a decision to use topical fluoride therapy, fluoride varnish should be the only consideration for children ages 0-6 and children of all ages who have special health care needs that limit their attention span and/or cooperation. The authors offer an accompanying rationale based on dosage reduction and efficacy, that fluoride varnish should be the topical fluoride of choice for children ages 6-12. The authors expand upon the recent panel recommendations by examining published clinical trials to determine the best clinical techniques for varnish use. The authors offer clinicians the following recommendations prior to varnish use: a pre-application rubber cup or tooth brush prophylaxis, the application of varnish to dry teeth and post-operative instructions to include both no tooth brushing and a soft diet for 12 hours.