bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slow death from pollution: potential health hazards from air quality in the mgbede oil fields of southsouth Nigeria
Authors: Ijeoma Catherine Clinton-Ezekwe , Charles OSU Ikenna , Ifeanyichukwu Clinton Ezekwe , Olalekan Raimi Morufu
Published: February 2023

Background: Today, pollution is a serious issue that threatens the health of billions of people, weakens the economic security of nations, and is to blame for a significant portion of the world's burden of disease, disability, lost productivity, medical expenses, and costs associated with ecosystem damage and premature death. However, despite their enormous size, these expenses are often hidden and frequently go unnoticed as a result of pollution. This has the effect of preventing the entire costs of pollution from being understood, often going uncounted, and being used to counteract economic arguments which are biased towards pollution control. Objectives: This study investigated air quality in the Mgbede Oil Fields of South-south Nigeria. Methods: Air quality sampling points were selected purposefully to meet the objectives of the study. Portable Real-Time Monitoring Technique was used was used for measurement. Results: From the analysis of air samples, cadmium (0.005-0.008 µg/m3) and lead (0.012ug/m3) were detected within the vicinity of the gas flare. Nickel was in the range <0.002 to 0.014 µg/m3 with highest concentrations in the gas flare area. Total suspended particles were within acceptable limits (120 ug/m3) in all locations with PM10 component above standards in the vicinity of the gas flare (20.6-22.6 ug/m3). Zinc was in the range <0.002 to 0.014 ug/m3 with maximum concentrations around the gas flare site. Although these concentrations are well within the acceptable daily exposure range but could be associated with exacerbations in risks of paediatric asthma. NOx ranged between 0.038-0.058 ug/m3 in the study area and falls above standards (0.04 ug/m3) in over 80% of sampled locations. Highest concentrations (0.058 ug/m3) were found around the flare area. SO2 was only detected at concentrations above acceptable limits within the gas flare site at Ebocha. Conclusion: The study therefore concluded that air quality in the area is not only negatively influenced by continuous gas flaring but occur at levels above acceptable international standards where environmental health could be adversely affected. Relocation of all homesteads within 1km radius of the gas flare with adequate compensation for inhabitants with improvement in healthcare delivery; and the establishment of a special health insurance trust fund for long-term exposure to pollutants from oil producing activities are among recommendations. Additionally, since this public health issue necessitates environmental health policies to reduce air pollution, efforts to battle the massive air pollution issues in the Niger Delta and its environmental quality must be combined by worldwide mitigation.
Insecticidal and mosquito repellency property of essential oil from hyptis suaveolens leaves
Authors: Duniya Sheneni Victor , Joseph Bala Christiana , Sokoato Momoh Isaac
Published: February 2023

Essential oil was extracted from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens by hydro-distillation by placing 1kg of the washed fresh leaves in round bottom flasks set up with 1liter distilled water. The Mosquitocidal activity, mosquito larvae (larvicidal) and mosquito repellency effect were carried-out using standard modified methods. Percentage yield of the essential oils was gotten as 0.05%. The essential oil showed very strong larvicidal properties against mosquito larvae. There was low mortality rate at lower dose, at a concentration of 6.25ppm the mortality rate was 4% over a period of 6 hours, same concentration at 12 and 24 hours gave mortality rate of 11%. The LC50 and LC 90 at this concentration were 25.21 and 302.67 respectively. At a concentration of 12.50ppm a mortality rate of 4% was also recorded at 6 hours, at 12 and 24 hours 13% mortality were recorded, and same LC50 and LC90 with 6.25ppm. At concentration of 25.00ppm, 20%, mortality rate was recorded for 6 hours and 30% for both 12 and 24 hours, the LC50 and LC90 are 9.575 and 352.458 respectively. There were no significant differences at 50, 100 and 1000ppm, the mortality rate was 100% for the period of 6, 12 and 24 hours with LC50 and LC90 of 0.549 and 0.853 respectively. There was no record of death in the control even after 24 hours. It was observed that the amount of air that enters and leaves the cage affect the rate at which mosquitoes were repelled. In a group of mosquitoes kept in a cage with all sides open (ASO) 65% of the mosquitoes were repelled within 30 minutes while for one side open (OSO) and all sides closed (ASC), 73% and 85% of the mosquitoes were repelled within the same time frame. In a second experiment, 100% of mosquitoes were repelled from the surface of rats with shaven skin where essential oil was applied. The essential oil also demonstrated dose dependent mosquitocidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 6 and 21ppm respectively.
Vochysia rufa and glibenclamide promote effects on oxidative damage and in proteins implicated in vesicular trafficking in diabetic rat brain
Authors: da Costa Alice Vieira , Calábria Luciana Karen , Alves de Rezende Alexandre Azenha , Espindola Foued Salmen
Published: February 2023

Many Vochysiaceae species are widely used in folk medicine to treat some diseases. Vochysia rufa, popularly known as “quina-doce”, has been used in folk medicine to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Although the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects and phytochemical profile of Vochysia rufa have already been elucidated, further studies are needed on the effects of this treatment in specific tissues, such as the brain. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Vochysia rufa in diabetic rat brains and for this purpose, oxidative stress markers and the expression/localization of proteins implicated in vesicular trafficking were evaluated. Thirty-two rats were randomized into four groups (non-diabetic, diabetic non-treated, diabetic treated for 43 days with glibenclamide - 6 mg/kg or Vochysia rufa - 500 mg/kg). The extract was administered by gavage for 43 days. Analyses were conducted of enzymes concentration and activity in the brain. The protein levels and localization of myosin-Va, CaMKII, synapsin, SNAP-25 and GLUT4 were also analyzed. Vochysia rufa extract decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, total sulfhydryl and lipid peroxidation levels and increased glutathione S-transferase levels. Additionally, Vochysia rufa treatment increased the expression of myosin-Va, CaMKII and also synapsin, which were confirmed by immunolocalization. The treatment with aqueous extract of Vochysia rufa reduces oxidative stress on diabetic rat and protecting the brain from damage caused by hyperglycemia.
Pepper yield according to different types of organic fertilization
Authors: Soquir Jeque Domingos Armando , Pedro César , Ivo Mulhanga Arsênio Daniel , Júlio Zevo Ivan Natividade , Lampi Dique José Eulário , Rabeca Suagiba Santa Helena Carlitos , Viandro Klinarda Bernardo , Charimba Alcides Mario
Published: February 2023

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most economically important vegetables in the world market, being very demanding in terms of soil fertility and, as the soils in Mozambique have, in general, low fertility, organic fertilization is used. To make them compatible with the demands of the culture. The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of fertilization with bovine and swine manure in terms of plant height, plant architecture, number of fruits per plant and fruit production. They were evaluated in an experiment, in the “dry” crop of 2016, at the agricultural research center of the Zambeze University in Tete-Mozambique province. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications and plots of three rows of four meters. From each plot, fifteen plants were measured regarding plant height, number of fruits per plant and fruit production. The data were submitted to statistical processing using Sisvar software, through which normal distribution of data was confirmed, in each variable analysis of variance was performed in the Turkey multiple category test at 5% significance in consideration of the phonological indicators of the culture. The analysis of variance of all parameters evaluated, in the comparison of the averages, there were no significant differences in plant height, number of fruits per plant, and fruit production in both fertilizations, there was a significant difference in the architecture of the plant showing a higher average size when swine manure was applied. From the results shown above, we can infer that fertilization (swine manure) can be one of the alternatives when it is intended to obtain plants with erect architecture, although fruit production for both fertilization is not significant.
The effects of lithological formations of the monotonous landscape in the Niger delta region
Authors: Clinton Aloni
Published: February 2023

The Niger Delta is an area criss-crossed by network of Rivers and streams, its distributaries flood, erode transport and shape their channels, thereby determining the surrounding land-use and soil characteristics, as well as the lithological formations. The physical characteristics of the region is classified into five ecological zones of mangrove forest and coastal vegetation, freshwater swamp forest zone, lowland rainforest, derived savannah zone. Its geomorphologic factors are composed of sediment deposits washed from the inland and the flood plain of the region has river channels such as Orashi river, whereby the stream energy directed from side to side of the river channel, results in the widening of the valleys. Also the meteorological factors as a result of rainfall excesses are determined primarily by the amount, duration, intensity and time distribution of rainfall. In the Niger Delta the mean annual rainfall ranges between 3000mm to 4000mm that results into the wide distribution of swamps within the area, while the soil factor is being influenced by the climate, vegetation, lithology (rock type) and topography, thus the lithological formations along Orashi river are essentially alluvial and friable, do not resist any erosional tendencies, but rather tend to succumb and aggravate the situation.
Weeds as Reservoirs of Viruses in Agrobiocenoses of Cereal Crops in Ukraine
Authors:   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyrychenko A.M. , Bohdan M.M. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Snihur H.O. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Shcherbatenko I.S. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

This review examines current knowledge on the prevalence of weeds and feral grass specie as possible reserves of plant viruses in the agroecosystems of Ukraine. Studies concerning mainly virus infection of wheat and barley and weeds distributed in the agrosystems of cereal crops and their impact on virus epidemiology have been summarized in this paper. In addition, great attention is focused on the primary sources of the main causative agents of wheat and barley viral diseases, namely Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), Winter wheat Russian mosaic virus (WWRMV), High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV), Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and Brome mosaic virus (BMV) as well as the main factors contributing to the spread of these viruses in agrocenoses.
Editorial: How Precious is Our Water?
Authors: Copping Leonard G.
Published: February 2023

The world needs to stop and think about how it grows crops to supply the food we all need before it is too late and how it uses water to do this and how much water it does use. But is the world ready and willing to do this? Let us hope so.
The 7th International Akademie Fresenius Conference on Worker, Operator, Bystander and Resident Exposure and Risk Assessment Was Held on 13–14th December 2022
Authors: Matthews Graham
Published: February 2023

The conference began with a presentation by Frederique Istace, Scientific Officer at EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) concerning the first update of the EFSA Open Guidance in 2014, initiated by an EC Mandate in 2017 and adopted on 30 November 2021. Changes included Inclusion of
GH scenarios Update of mixing/loading data Rounding of coefficients in formulas Optional calculation of air concentration Inclusion of soil-borne residue approach Pro-rata calculation of dermal absorption Inclusion of safe re-entry period calculation Combined exposure for different active
substances in one product.
The Association of Applied Biology Held a Meeting to Discuss "Bringing Biocontrol and IPM to Market"
Authors: Matthews Graham
Published: February 2023

Keith Walters welcomed delegates and chaired the first session on "New Solutions", aimed to attract presentations on latest developments and novel Biocontrol/IPM approaches nearing completion or recently launched. Lauren Diepenbrock (University of Florida) started the session
in which 'Rebuilding of IPM in growing citrus' was described. Before Huanglongbing (HLG) in the good old days, farmers may have used an oil spray and they used spider webs between trees. HLG is a bacterial disease Liberibacter asiaticus, first detected in 2005 that caused yellow
shoots, twig dieback, stunted growth, and overall tree decline with misshapen fruits. Another pest from 1998 was the Asiatic citrus psyllid (ACP – Diaphorina citri) that is the vector of Candidactus liberator, causal agent of HLB. With many natural enemies including ladybirds,
lacewings, syrphids, spiders, ants and other parasitoids, but from 1998–2016, in Citrus Health Management areas, farmers used insecticides, including neonicotinoids, but although this achieved solid returns, it was not going to last and there was a need to return to IPM, by incorporating
non-insecticidal management options and reduce insecticide inputs. A new tool was to apply kaolin clay to reduce psyllid infestation and increase plant health. Another new idea was to protect individual trees with Exclusion bags to prevent ACP access to trees and improve scouting for pests.
While successful with young trees, more research is needed to improve the return on investment.
Chemical Control of Fleabane Resistant to 2,4-D
Authors: Albrecht Leandro P. , Heimerdinger Natalia , Albrecht Alfredo Junior P. , Silva André Felipe M. , Piccin Emanuele S. , da Silva Lucas M. , Larini Willian Felipe M.
Published: February 2023

Conyza spp. (fleabane) are among the main weeds found globally. They have an annual life cycle and herbaceous size, high seed production, are found in different agricultural environments, such as grain crops (Photo 1). Fleabane control can be hindered by one or more of the following
factors: high propagule production, wind propagation of propagules, herbicide resistance. For example, a single fleabane plant can produce more than 200,000 seeds in a year. In Brazil, there are cases of Conyza sumatrensis with multiple resistance to the herbicides chlorimuron and glyphosate,
simple resistance to paraquat, in addition to cases of simple or multiple resistance to these and other herbicides (photosystem II inhibitors and synthetic auxins). Also in Paraguay, a country that borders Brazil, there is a report of a biotype with triple resistance to the herbicides paraquat,
chlorimuron and glyphosate. In addition to this scenario of difficulties in control and cases of resistance, only 2.7 fleabane plants m–2 can reduce soybean productivity by 50%. These cases of fleabane resistance to herbicides make their management difficult, due to the loss of control
tools. One of the main problems in this regard is resistance to 2,4-D, due to the complex rapid necrosis resistance. Rapid necrosis is an uncommon response to 2,4-D herbicide and this response is related to environmental conditions during application (temperature and light). After application
of 2,4-D, necrotic symptoms occur rapidly in the leaves, in some situations within less than an hour after application. The rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after application of 2,4-D causes lipid peroxidation and the production of ROS is related to the occurrence of necrosis
in C. sumatrensis. Rapid necrosis resembles a programmed cell death response. However, these symptoms do not lead to plant death, with subsequent plant recovery one to two weeks after application, in addition to disrupting sequential application with burndown herbicides. Considering
this setback, alternatives to be used to control fleabane iinclude the use of other synthetic auxins, such as dicamba, triclopyr, halauxifen or fluroxypyr, or even other herbicides, such as atrazine and mesotrione, which are adopted in maize cultivation or in the off-season. These herbicides
can be used in the first application in a mixture with glyphosate, in which the control is complemented by the sequential application of glufosinate. These herbicides mixed with glyphosate are believed to be effective in controlling 2,4-D-resistant fleabane in the first application of pre-sowing
soybean desiccation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate in mixtures with dicamba, triclopyr, halauxifen/diclosulam, fluroxypyr/clethodim, 2,4-D or atrazine/mesotrione, with sequential application of glufosinate, in the control of 2,4-D resistant fleabane
in soybean pre-sowing.
Assessment of Anthropometric Data of Children Died at Perinatal Period
Authors: Moiseeva Karina E. , Ivanov Dmitry O. , Yur’ev Vadim K. , Berezkina Elena N. , Shevtsova Kseniya G. , Alekseeva Anna V. , Kharbedia Shalva D.
Published: February 2023

Background. Despite the decrease in fetoinfantile losses, the levels of perinatal mortality and stillbirth remain quite high. One of the medical criteria for viability is the anthropometric indicators of the child, therefore, their relevant medical and statistical assessment may allow us to establish potential opportunities for reducing the loss of viable children at perinatal period.

Objective. The aim of the study is to assess anthropometric data of children died at perinatal period.

Methods. We have analyzed 277 cases of children deaths at ante- and intranatal periods and 197 cases of newborns deaths during first 7 days of life. Assessment of anthropometric data of children died at perinatal period was presented via the method of sigmal deviations and the centile method.

Results. Anthropometric data of premature infants died at perinatal period in 90–94% of cases corresponded to the physical development for children of this gestational age. Anthropometric data of full-term children died during the first 168 hours of life, in 70.0% of cases, corresponded to 3–6 corridors of physical development (P10–P90), in 20.0% of cases — 7–8 corridors. 58.3% of full-term children died at perinatal period have harmonious development which significantly exceeds the proportion of children with sharply disharmonious development (19.5%) and with disharmonious development (22.2%). 79.0% of all neonatal deaths occur in the first 72 hours of life (for the early neonatal period), while losses on the first day account for 54.0% of all deaths in children during the first week.

Conclusion. This study has shown that the anthropometric data of children died at perinatal period significantly corresponded to the standard indicators established for children of this gestation age.
Chronic Diarrhea as a Debut Manifestation of Crohn’s Disease in Infant: Clinical Case
Authors: Konovalova Anna M. , Pechkurov Dmitry V. , Tyazheva Alena A.
Published: February 2023

Background. Chronic diarrhea can be a symptom of a wide variety of diseases, either of which requires special therapy approaches. The diagnosis of rare causes of chronic diarrhea is especially difficulty as it may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with very early (under 1 year of age) debut.

Clinical case description. Boy E. had chronic diarrhea manifested on the first year of life. Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed at the age of 1.5 years, then the diagnosis was changed to Crohn’s disease at the age of 2.5 years. The results of 6-years-follow-up of the patient were presented, as well as analysis of diagnosis and treatment difficulties was carried out.

Conclusion. The clinical case of Crohn’s disease with diarrhea as the leading clinical manifestation at the disease onset is described. Sequential diagnostic search allowed us to establish the diagnosis of IBD and to exclude other causes of chronic diarrhea that determined the correct therapeutic strategy.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Children: Literature Review
Authors: Burtsev Evgeniy A. , Bronin Gleb O.
Published: February 2023

Relevant information on Langerhans cell histiocytosis development and course in children is presented. The current concepts of disease pathogenesis, principles of its severity evaluation, patients stratification into risk groups, as well as of clinical course features are described. Modern approaches to the disease treatment via targeted therapy are summarized and analyzed.
contribuição do cooperativismo para inclusão produtiva de agricultores familiares
Authors: Neves de Sousa Diego , Ribeiro de Jesus Maria Eduarda
Published: February 2023

O cooperativismo é uma alternativa viável para potencializar a inclusão produtiva de agricultores familiares ao proporcionar inovação na produção, distribuição e comercialização em mercados. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a percepção de mediadores sociais quanto à contribuição do cooperativismo para a inclusão produtiva de agricultores familiares no estado do Tocantins. Para tal, utilizou-se de duas técnicas de coleta de dados: análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Conclui-se que a filiação de agricultores familiares em um empreendimento cooperativo possibilita lograr melhores resultados do que se alcançaria individualmente, adquirindo mais condições de se incluírem produtivamente ao acessarem mercados, políticas públicas e serviços de extensão rural. Isto vai de encontro com a ideia de inclusão produtiva voltada para a “produção de novidades” em que o destaque está na rede sociotécnica do cooperativismo ao propiciar ações de sustentabilidade ambiental, potencializar laços de reciprocidade entre os cooperados e promover o surgimento de novidades técnicas e organizacionais.
Hierarchical distinctions in the production and perception of nuclear tunes in American English
Authors: Cole Jennifer , Steffman Jeremy , Shattuck-Hufnagel Stefanie , Tilsen Sam
Published: February 2023

In Autosegmental-Metrical models of intonational phonology, different types of pitch accents, phrase accents, and boundary tones concatenate to create a set of phonologically distinct phrase-final nuclear tunes. This study asks if an eight-way distinction in nuclear tune shape in American English, predicted from the combination of two (monotonal) pitch accents, two phrase accents, and two boundary tones, is evident in speech production and in speech perception. F0 trajectories from a large-scale imitative speech production experiment were analyzed using bottom-up(k-means) clustering, neural net classification, GAMM modeling, and modeling of turning point alignment. Listeners’ perception of the same tunes is tested in a perceptual discrimination task and related to the imitation results. Emergent grouping of tunes in the clustering analysis, and related classification accuracy from the neural net, show a merging of some of the predicted distinctions among tunes whereby tune shapes that vary primarily in the scaling of final f0 are not reliably distinguished. Within five emergent clusters, subtler distinctions among tunes are evident in GAMMs and f0 turning point modeling. Clustering of individual participants’ production data shows a range of partitions of the data, with nearly all participants making a primary distinction between a class of High-Rising and Non-High-Rising tunes, and with up to four secondary distinctions among the non-Rising class. Perception results show a similar pattern, with poor pairwise discrimination for tunes that differ primarily, but by a small degree, in final f0, and highly accurate discrimination when just one member of a pair is in the High-Rising tune class. Together, the results suggest a hierarchy of distinctiveness among nuclear tunes, with a robust distinction based on holistic tune shape and poorly differentiated distinctions between tunes with the same holistic shape but small differences in final f0. The observed distinctions from clustering, classification, and perception analyses align with the tonal specification of a binary pitch accent contrast {H*, L*} and a maximally ternary {H%, M%, L%} boundary tone contrast; the findings do not support distinct tonal specifications for the phrase accent and boundary tone from the AM model. 
Définir le structuralisme tchèque
Authors: Bílek Petr A. , Kubíček Tomáš
Published: February 2023

Présenter le structuralisme tchèque à son apogée, dans les années 1930-1940, est une tâche multiple. Il faut d’une part esquisser au moins à grands traits le contexte dans lequel la pensée structuraliste tchèque s’est développée, où se mêlent sources nationales et impulsions internationales venues de la théorie de la littérature. La combinaison de ces deux composantes, leur articulation et leur modification complexes sont à l’origine de la singularité du structuralisme tchèque. Il faut en même temps éclairer le sens des notions fondamentales qui constituent l’apparat conceptuel systématique servant à l’analyse du texte littéraire comme phénomène complexe qui n’existe que dans une tension dynamique permanente…
Du structuralisme
Authors: Mukařovský Jan
Published: February 2023

J’aimerais tenter ici un panorama assez succinct de l’état actuel de la théorie de l’art en Tchécoslovaquie. Je ne m’intéresse pas aux éléments bibliographiques ou biographiques, ni même à une vue d’ensemble. Je pense que le plus utile que je puisse faire dans le bref exposé qui va suivre est d’envisager un peu plus précisément le concept qui caractérise, semble-t-il, l’état actuel de la théorie de l’art en Tchécoslovaquie, à savoir le concept de structure [struktura]…
Sur la traduction en tchèque de Chklovski, Théorie de la prose
Authors: Mukařovský Jan
Published: February 2023

L’ouvrage de Chklovski nous arrive avec un retard considérable et s’inscrit donc dans un contexte scientifique, littéraire et culturel tout à fait différent de celui de sa rédaction. En outre, il faut tenir compte des différences entre les milieux russe et tchèque. D’où la difficulté à aborder cette œuvre, y compris pour ceux qui veulent s’y confronter honnêtement parce qu’ils savent qu’il s’agit d’un écrit incontournable, quel que soit le jugement, positif ou négatif, qu’on porte sur lui…
Introduction à Mai de Mácha
Authors: Mukařovský Jan
Published: February 2023

L’analyse esthétique d’une œuvre d’art a pour tâche de rechercher dans l’œuvre les propriétés qui créent son efficacité esthétique. À cette fin, il est nécessaire de mettre au centre de nos investigations l’œuvre elle-même, comme phénomène sui generis, débarrassé de tous les rapports qui le relient à d’autres ordres de phénomènes, tel, par exemple, le rapport de l’œuvre d’art à son créateur ou bien à la réalité extérieure qui en a été à l’origine, voire lui a servi de sujet. Mais cet isolement de l’œuvre ne veut pas dire nier les rapports dont nous faisons abstraction. Il est seulement méthodique: il découle du constat selon lequel il faut chercher la cause de l’effet esthétique dans l’œuvre elle-même…
La dénomination poétique et la fonction esthétique de la langue
Authors: Mukařovský Jan
Published: February 2023

La communication présente a pour but de délimiter par rapport aux autres espèces de dénomination la dénomination poétique. Sous ce terme, nous comprenons toute dénomination paraissant dans un texte à fonction esthétique dominante, non seulement la dénomination figurée, puisque d’une part la dénomination figurée dépasse largement les limites de la poésie, et cela non seulement sous forme d’image pétrifiée, mais aussi comme image fraîchement créée (cf. l’image émotionnelle), et que d’autre part la dénomination figurée n’est pas la seule possible dans une œuvre poétique : on trouve même des écoles poétiques bornant son usage au minimum…
L’esthétique de la langue
Authors: Mukařovský Jan
Published: February 2023

Les considérations sur l’esthétique de la langue sont d’ordinaire de caractère normatif: on se demande comment embellir l’expression linguistique individuelle ou dans quelle direction orienter les efforts en faveur de la culture linguistique. Dans la recherche linguistique l’attention esthétique ne se limite certes pas à des considérations sur l’esthétique de la langue mais s’applique aussi aux ouvrages de stylistique…
Analysis of induction and maintenance immunosuppression choices in the US during the first year post kidney transplant for patients over 70
Authors: Amy H White , John Hunton , Saleema Karim , Allison Wells , Hanna Jensen , Darby Derringer , Misha Karr , Sathyanand Kumaran , Lyle Burdine
Published: February 2023

Rates of kidney transplantation in patients over 70 years of age have steadily increased over the last 20 years, however age-appropriate immunosuppression regimens in the elderly remain unclear. Investigators utilized the SRTR database to evaluate elderly kidney transplant recipients’ outcomes against a younger population. Post-transplant outcomes measured at an approximately 1-year time interval included graft survival, patient survival, rejection, malignancy, and serum creatinine. Elderly patient survival was improved for those patients that were on dialysis for less than 1 year (95.4% vs. 91.4% p < .01). Patients able to be maintained on CNI immunosuppression regimens also had improved graft survival compared to those managed with other immunosuppression (95.5% vs. 91.1%, p < .01). Patients maintained on mTOR inhibitors had the lowest patient survival (85.5% vs. 92.6%, p < .01). The choice of induction therapy did not affect long term patient or graft survival. These results translated to investigators’ own centers in patients over 60. Results for the SRTR database showed that minimizing time on dialysis prior to transplant improved graft and patient survival, while the type of induction agent had minimal effect on all outcomes at the time of follow-up. The results also support the use of CNI’s and belatacept for maintenance immunosuppression but did not encourage the use of mTOR inhibitors.
El Archivo de Acción Católica Española (A.C.E.) en la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca
Authors: Huete Caballo Ana Isabel , Sánchez González Ángeles
Published: February 2023

El Archivo de la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca conserva y custodia documentación histórica desde la época medieval. El Archivo de Acción Católica Española constituye una parte notable de la documentación conservada y custodiada en el Archivo y es un referente a nivel internacional de fuentes de primer orden para el estudio de la sociedad española del siglo XX. En este artículo se muestra la gran riqueza de sus fondos archivísticos y las grandes posibilidades de investigación que tiene. El trabajo técnico archivístico realizado en su documentación facilita la consulta de la misma para investigadores y usuarios en general, y con el mismo se contribuye a difundir la riqueza documental de un legado patrimonial custodiado en Salamanca, colaborando además de esta manera con la transferencia de conocimiento y el acercamiento de los documentos al público en general.
Measuring photophysiological traits of diatoms from Rapid Light Curves using a Water-PAM v1
Authors: Argyle Phoebe
Published: February 2023

This is a brief protocol for how to measure ETRmax, alpha (α) and Ik for microalgae cultures using the Rapid Light Curve protocol included in the WinControl software used with a Walz Water-PAM instrument. Based on the protocol developed in: Ralph, P.J., Gademann, R., 2005. Rapid light curves: a powerful tool to assess photosynthetic activity. Aquat. Bot. 82(3), 222-237. This method was used in: Argyle, P. A., Walworth, N. G., Hinners, J., Collins, S., Levine, N. M., & Doblin, M. A. (2021). Multivariate trait analysis reveals diatom plasticity constrained to a reduced set of biological axes. ISME Communications, 1(1), 59. Argyle, P. A., Hinners, J., Walworth, N. G., Collins, S., Levine, N. M., & Doblin, M. A. (2021). A high-throughput assay for quantifying phenotypic traits of microalgae. Frontiers in microbiology, 12, 706235.
Measuring neutral lipids in fixed diatom cells using BODIPY 505/515 v1
Authors: Argyle Phoebe
Published: February 2023

This protocol is for the measuring neutral lipids in fixed diatom cells using BODIPY 505/515, as developed on the centric diatom Thalassiosira spp. This protocol has been used in the following publications: Argyle, P. A., Walworth, N. G., Hinners, J., Collins, S., Levine, N. M., & Doblin, M. A. (2021). Multivariate trait analysis reveals diatom plasticity constrained to a reduced set of biological axes.ISME Communications,1(1), 59. Argyle, P. A., Hinners, J., Walworth, N. G., Collins, S., Levine, N. M., & Doblin, M. A. (2021). A high-throughput assay for quantifying phenotypic traits of microalgae.Frontiers in microbiology,12, 706235.
A High-Throughput Assay for Quantifying Phenotypic Traits of Microalgae v1
Authors: Argyle Phoebe
Published: February 2023

This outlines a workflow for measuring 10 phenotypic traits of centric diatoms using a variety of methodologies. This method is described in: Argyle, P. A., Hinners, J., Walworth, N. G., Collins, S., Levine, N. M., & Doblin, M. A. (2021). A high-throughput assay for quantifying phenotypic traits of microalgae. Frontiers in microbiology, 12, 706235.
Use of systemic antibiotics in patients with COVID-19 in Colombia. A cross-sectional study v1
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge
Published: February 2023

Abstract Antibiotics are frequently prescribed to patients with COVID-19. The aim was to determine the pattern of use of systemic antibiotics in a group of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Colombia in the 2020-2022 period. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study designed to identify antibiotics prescription patterns for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in 8 clinics in Colombia. The AWaRe tool of the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to classify the antibiotics. A total of 10,916 patients from 181 cities were included. The median age of the patients was 57 years, and 56.4% were men. A total of 29.7% of the patients required intensive care unit (ICU) care, and 20.2% required invasive mechanical ventilation. A total of 57.5% received antibiotics, especially ampicillin/sulbactam (58.8%) and clarithromycin (47.9%). Most of the antibiotics were classified as Watch (65.1%), followed by Access (32.6%) and Reserve (2.4%). Men (OR:1.29; 95% CI:1.17-1.43), older adults (OR:1.67; 95%CI:1.48-1.88), patients with dyspnea at admission (OR:1.26; 95%CI:1.13-1.41), rheumatoid arthritis (OR:1.94; 95%CI:1.17-3.20), and high blood pressure (OR:1.45; 95%CI: 1.29-1.63), patients treated in-hospital (OR:5.15; 95%CI: 4.59-5.77), patients admitted to the ICU (OR:10.48; 95%CI:8.82-12.45), patients treated with systemic glucocorticoids (OR:3.60; 95%CI:3.21-4.03) and vasopressors (OR:2.10; 95% CI: 1.60-2.75), and patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.82-3.09) were more likely to receive a systemic antibiotic.Most of the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 received antibiotics despite evidence showing that bacterial coinfection is rare. Antibiotics from the Watch group predominated, a practice that goes against WHO recommendations.
Measuring growth rates of diatom cells in culture v1
Authors: Argyle Phoebe
Published: February 2023

A method for measuring growth rates in diatoms, based on work with Thalassiosira spp. Used in: Argyle, P. A., Walworth, N. G., Hinners, J., Collins, S., Levine, N. M., & Doblin, M. A. (2021). Multivariate trait analysis reveals diatom plasticity constrained to a reduced set of biological axes. ISME Communications, 1(1), 59. Argyle, P. A., Hinners, J., Walworth, N. G., Collins, S., Levine, N. M., & Doblin, M. A. (2021). A high-throughput assay for quantifying phenotypic traits of microalgae. Frontiers in microbiology, 12, 706235.
A retrospective comparative study on stapler verses hand sewn technique in gastrointestinal anastomosis of twenty-five cases each
Authors: Mehta Anuj , Sharma Praveen , Pancholi Mukesh , Patel Parth
Published: February 2023

Background: In gastrointestinal surgery after resection of bowel loops, anastomosis of the bowel loops forms the main part of the surgery. The evolution of mechanical sutures by stapler devices is a technological advancement which helps anastomosis of bowel loops with less tissue injury and decreased time duration of procedure. Objective of current study was to compare the hand sewn anastomosis with stapler anastomosis in various types of elective gastrointestinal surgeries.
Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted in department of general surgery at New Civil Hospital, Surat. The study included 50 patients of either gender and different age groups.
Results: Out of 50 patients, 7 patients had Benign Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO), 18 patients had Post corrosive esophageal stricture, 5 patients had obstruction, 6 patients had post ileostomy status, 5 patients had carcinoma of ascending colon, 1 patient had carcinoma of caecum, 4 patients had ileo-caecal growth, 3 patients had carcinoma of descending colon, and 1 patient had sigmoid colon growth. In stapler anastomosis group Mean Total operative time was (156.20±45.21) mins whereas in handsewn anastomosis group Mean Total operative time was (188.40±48.32) mins with p value of 0.019.
Conclusions: In this study, one distinct advantage of staplers was the consistent reduction in operating time. However, no significant difference was found between the stapler and hand-sewn groups with respect to other parameters such as restoration of intestinal function, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications like leakage, fistula or stricture formation.
Role of cadexomer iodine ointment as debriding agent in 50 cases of skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Singh Amarbir , Garg Abhay
Published: February 2023

Background: The management of skin and soft tissue infections is a tedious job to tackle as many factors play important roles in wound healing. Wounds can be better managed and healed faster if infection is removed and the way to eliminate infection is by use of antiseptics, antibiotics and solutions over wounds along with the use of systemic antibiotics. In this study, we used cadexomer iodine ointment for management of various types of wounds.
Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. After screening, 50 patients with various types of wounds (venous leg ulcers, postoperative infected wounds, infected traumatic wounds, controlled diabetic wounds, ulcers with slough, abscesses left for healing by secondary intention after operation) were taken and cadexomer iodine was applied when the wound was infected and had visible slough with pus discharge.
Results: Majority of the patients (about 88%) were free of visible slough in about a week and in about two weeks, all patients (100%) were free from visible slough. 74% patients have complete closure of the wound and 22% patients have reduction in total wound surface area between 75-99% in 4 weeks period.
Conclusions: Under controlled conditions, cadexomer iodine is a good topical agent for debridement of wounds which are infected and have a visible slough along with pus discharge. It also helps in healing the wound.
Evaluation of the chemical, cytological and bacteriological compositions of surgical smoke and evaluation of purification of smoke by ultraviolet light and various filters in laparoscopic surgeries
Authors: Varghese Varsha , Shah Shashank , Pradhan Prafulla , Phalgune Deepak
Published: February 2023

Background: The present study aimed to assess the cytological, bacterial and chemical composition of laparoscopic surgical smoke and the evaluation of purification of surgical smoke by smoke purifying device containing ultraviolet (UV) light and various filters.
Methods: Sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery lasting >45 min were included in this randomized controlled study. The patients were divided into two groups: group A-smoke passing through smoke purifying device and group B-smoke without passing through smoke purifying device. Sample for cytological, bacteriological and chemical analysis were collected from both the groups. The primary outcome measures were to find the cytological, bacteriological and chemical composition of surgical smoke. The secondary outcome measure was evaluation of purification of surgical smoke by smoke purifying device containing ultraviolet light and various filters. Intergroup comparison of categorical and continuous variables was done using the Chi square test/Fisher’s exact test and unpaired t test respectively.
Results: The present study shows the group A wherein smoke evacuating device containing various filters were used has no bacterial growth as well as no cells seen on cytological evaluation as compared to the group B wherein 21/30 (70.0%) cases had few lymphocytes and 3/30 (10.0%) cases had coagulase-negative Staphylococci wherein smoke evacuation device was not used. However, the chemical composition was comparable in both the groups.
Conclusions: The smoke evacuation and filtration device, filtrates and clears the smoke of cells and bacteria as it passes through it.
Epidural spinal cord compression metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: report of a rare case
Authors: Sutantio Alicia A. , Soetojo Bagus W. , Dwipayana Rady
Published: February 2023

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of commons tumours that found in Indonesia. NPC metastases on central nervous system (CNS) are rare case. Quick diagnose and proper therapy have greatly affected on prognosis of patient outcomes. Here we reported a case of NPC metastasis to epidural space in a 46-year-old woman with therapy approach using 3 scoring systems specifically Abdurahman score, Tokuhasi score, and Tomita score and patient has a good outcome.
Small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting as a life-threatening emergency
Authors: Gandhi Khushbu , Deshmukh Mukteshwar , Nandagawali Pankaj , Gadade Gopal , Hatwar Ghanshyam , Rai Vaishak M. , Dhawale Sachin
Published: February 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare stromal neoplasm, which represents the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by indolent clinical symptoms, although it can present as a life-threatening emergency. Here in, we present a case of primary small bowel GIST treated at our department. A 58-year-old male patient presented to our emergency department with a diffuse abdominal pain of acute onset. Patient presented with symptoms and signs of acute intestinal obstruction. Imaging studies revealed a mass at mid ileum, with multiple air fluid levels. Intra-operatively, a mass of 12×9 cm was found at mid ileum on antimesenteric border with 3600 volvulus of adjacent ileum. En bloc resection was performed. Histopathology report was suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Large benign chondroid syringoma of the lower limb-an uncommon presentation of a rare disease
Authors: Vinod Ashwin , John George Mathews , V. B. Ranjith , V. Devanarayan
Published: February 2023

Chondroid syringoma (CS) is a sporadic skin appendage tumor that manifests as slow-growing, subcutaneous, non-tender, non-ulcerating dermal nodules, most often in the head and neck. The tumor is more common in men, has a biphasic age distribution, and usually attains a size of 0.5 to 3 cm. Larger lesions up to 9 cm in size have been recorded in the literature, with the majority of them containing malignancies. Rare cases of malignant CS have been described, with local recurrence and metastasis. We report a case of an 85-year-old man presenting with complaints of a significantly large swelling in the inner aspect of his right thigh for the past 25 years. Clinical and radiological differential diagnoses of a large uncomplicated dermoid cyst, sebaceous cyst, epidermal inclusion cysts, neurogenic tumours, or myxoid tumours with cystic degeneration were suggested. Under general anaesthesia, the lesion was completely excised with a 1 cm margin of healthy surrounding tissue. The histopathological examination of the complete surgical specimen was consistent with CS. Patient has been on regular follow-up and has shown excellent response to treatment, with no evidence of recurrence, metastasis, or disfigurement. With this paper, we report a case of benign CS in an unusual location, attaining a huge size (>10 cm) and, even then, not turning malignant. We hope to add to the current knowledge on CS, allowing for early and accurate diagnosis and successful disease management.
Congenital uterovaginal prolapse in a newborn: a case report
Authors: Suman Bijay K. , Ram J. Singh  , Verma Harshit , Sinha Amit K.
Published: February 2023

Congenital uterovaginal prolapse in a newborn is a rare entity. It is usually associated with neural tube defects. Some cases are managed conservatively while others require more invasive management.
An unusual case of difficult appendicectomy
Authors: Baruah Arijit Rumu , Baruah Shyamanta Madhab , Bhuyan Rupak
Published: February 2023

Vermiform appendix is a tubular lymphoid organ situated about 2 cm below the ileocecal junction on the caecum. The different anatomical positions of the appendix is due to differential growth of the caecum at the time of development. Appendix is now considered to be an important part of the immune system with a distinct function within the gut associated lymphoid tissue and also has a role in bowel repair. Acute appendicitis is probably the most common surgical emergency in the world. Post-ileal appendicitis does not have usual symptoms and signs of appendicitis which makes it difficult for diagnosis and increases the rate of complications. We presented such a case of post-ileal appendicitis which led to a difficult appendicectomy.
A case of recurrent intussusception in young adult female: Peutz Jegher syndrome
Authors: Gupta Brajesh B. , Jadhav Ganesh D. , Bhingare Pravin , Dakhore Sanjay , Kodape Amit , Gupta Shweta , Jain Manali , Deshmukh Karishma
Published: February 2023

Peutz Jegher syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant inherited polyposis syndrome, in which multiple characteristic polyps occur in the gastro-intestinal tract associated with mucocutaneous pigmentation especially of vermillion border of the lips. Small bowel obstruction is presenting complaint in half of the cases-intussusception due to polyp being lead point is the high risk for obstruction. A 21 year old female patient with presented to emergency department with complaining of intermittent episodes of abdominal pain and multiple episodes of billious vomiting since 7 days. Patient had history of exploratory laparotomy 10 years back for similar complaints. On examination, melanocytic pigmentation present over vermillion border and palmar aspect. Enhanced computed tomography reveals telescoping of the distal jejunum to proximal ileal loops s/o jejuno-ileal intussusception with ileo-ileal intussusception were noted. On surgical decision, patient again underwent exploratory laparotomy which revealed intussusception with non-viable small bowel segment were found, Small bowel resection was performed and jejuno-ileal anastomosis was done. Patient follow up was maintained to go with colonoscopic evaluation. In conclusion, recurrent intussusception is a rare cause of acute abdomen in adults. A high index of suspicion and appropriate investigations are helpful in prompt diagnosis. Thorough evaluation intra operative and then regular periodic follow up is required in such cases for early detection of disease before complication occurs.