bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global random walk on grid algorithm for solving Navier–Stokes and Burgers equations
Authors: Sabelfeld Karl K. , Bukhasheev Oleg
Published: October 2022

The global random walk on grid method (GRWG) is developed for solving two-dimensional nonlinear systems of equations, the Navier–Stokes and Burgers equations.
This study extends the GRWG which we have earlier developed for solving the nonlinear drift-diffusion-Poisson equation of semiconductors (Physica A
556 (2020), Article ID 124800).
The Burgers equation is solved by a direct iteration of a system of linear drift-diffusion equations, while the Navier–Stokes equation is solved in the stream function-vorticity formulation.
Abundant dynamics of group velocity locked vector solitons from Er-doped fiber laser based on GO/PVA film
Authors: Lin Ja-Hon , Zhang Zhan-Yao , Li Zhen-Ying , Peng Peng-Chun , Song Yu-Feng , Zhang Han
Published: October 2022

With the insertion a segment of polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) inside the cavity, abundant dynamics of group velocity locked vector solitons (GVLVSs) in Er-doped fiber laser have been investigated by using graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) film as a saturable absorber (SA). The generated Kelly sidebands in emission spectra reveal peak-valley or valley-peak alternation and slightly shift in two orthogonal components, which are the characteristics of GVLVSs. Through proper adjustment of polarization controllers (PCs) inside the EDFLs cavity, versatile vector soliton dynamics such as polarization locked GVLVSs (PL-GVLVSs), polarization rotation GVLVSs (PR-GVLVSs), dual wavelength GVLVSs, bound state GVLVSs, bunch GVLVSs and harmonic mode-locking GVLVSs (HML-GVLVSs) have been observed. The separation between two emission peaks from the dual wavelength GVLVSs was controlled by the Lyot filter and related to the insertion length of PMF inside the cavity. Unlike PL-GVLVSs, the period-doubling phenomenon has been found in two orthogonal components of the PR-GVLVSs. Besides, the bound state GVLVSs were generated showing strongly modulated interference fringes in emission spectrum. For the bunch and HML GVLVSs, the number of solitons inside the cavity increased with the pump power, and it showed the quintuple solitons and the 7th HML-GVLVSs at the highest pump power.
The crystal structure of ((E)-2,4-dibromo-6-(((5-(nitro)-2-oxidophenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ
3
N,O,O′)tris(pyridine-κN)manganese(II), C28H21Br2MnN5O4
Authors: Li Ting , Qiu Keying , Tan Yuxing , Jiang Wujiu
Published: October 2022

C28H21Br2MnN5O4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.9193(14) Å, b = 9.2271(15) Å, c = 17.933(3) Å, α = 103.574(2)°, β = 91.518(2)°, γ = 98.762(2)°, V = 1415.0(4) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0347, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0864, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of N-ethyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]piperazine-1-carbothioamide, C14H18F3N3S
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Blacque Olivier , Al-Shaalan Nora H. , Tiekink Edward R. T. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: October 2022

C14H18F3N3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 4.61919(4) Å, b = 29.1507(3) Å, c = 11.27803(10) Å, β = 94.4768(8)°, V = 1513.99(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0588, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1579, T = 160 K.
The Hajdúböszörmény-Csege-halom Hoard and its Related Finds in Europe
Authors: Tarbay János Gábor
Published: October 2022

The study discusses a bronze hoard well-known through Europe from Hajdúböszörmény-Csege-halom (Hajdú-Bihar County, Hungary) which consists of weapons and a bronze vessel set. On one hand, the aim of the study is to introduce the newest results related to this unique eponymous find. On the other hand, it analyses the assemblage in a European context, characterize and interpret its supra-regional connections based on the composition and depositional features of the hoard based on conventional typo-chronology and correspondence analysis.
Exploring the links between indoor air pollutants and health outcomes in South Asian countries: a systematic review
Authors: Rafiq Laiba , Zahra Naqvi Syeda Hamayal , Shahzad Laila , Ali Syed Mustafa
Published: October 2022

Indoor air pollution (IAP) has adverse effects on the health of people, globally. The objective of this systematic review was to present the range of health problems studied in association with indoor air pollutants in South Asian countries. We searched five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CAB Direct for articles published between the years 2000 and 2020. We retrieved 5,810 articles, out of which we included 90 articles in our review. Among South Asian countries, only five countries have published results related to relationship between indoor air pollutants and adverse health conditions. All studies have shown adversity of indoor air pollutants on human’s health. We found indoor solid fuel burning as a key source of indoor air pollution in the included studies, while women and children were most affected by their exposure to solid fuel burning. More than half of the studies accounted particulate matter responsible for indoor air pollution bearing negative health effects. In the included studies, eyes and lungs were the most commonly affected body organs, exhibiting common symptoms like cough, breathing difficulty and wheezing. This might have developed into common conditions like respiratory tract infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and eye cataract. In addition to promote research in South Asian countries, future research should focus on novel digital ways of capturing effects of indoor air pollutants among vulnerable segments of the population. As a result of this new knowledge, public health agencies should develop and test interventions to reduce people’s exposure levels and prevent them to develop adverse health outcomes.
A systematic review of the effect of photobiomodulation on the neuroinflammatory response in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Xie Kangzhe , El Khoury Hala , Mitrofanis John , Austin Paul J.
Published: October 2022

This systematic review examines the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM), the application of red to near infrared light on body tissues, on the neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. The research question and search protocol were prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database. Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming ever more prevalent in the ageing populations across the Western world, with no disease-modifying or neuroprotective treatment options being available. Hence there is a real need for the development of effective treatment options for patients. Inflammatory responses and oxidative stress within the central nervous system have a strong correlation with neuronal cell death. PBM is a non-invasive therapeutic option that has shown efficacy and promising effects in animal models of neurodegenerative disease; many studies have reported neuroprotection and improved behavioural outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous study that has reviewed the anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant effect of PBM in the context of neurodegeneration. This review has examined this relationship in animal models of a range of neurodegenerative diseases. We found that PBM can effectively reduce glial activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative stress, whilst increasing anti-inflammatory glial responses and cytokines, and antioxidant capacity. These positive outcomes accompanied the neuroprotection evident after PBM treatment. Our review provides further indication that PBM can be developed into an effective non-pharmacological intervention for neurodegenerative diseases.
No Pain, No Gain? Examining the Influence of Ibuprofen Consumption on Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Grgic Jozo
Published: October 2022

This article aims to provide an overview of the effects of ibuprofen ingestion on muscle hypertrophy and determine factors that may moderate its effect. Currently, only 2 studies reported that ibuprofen has a differential effect from placebo on muscle hypertrophy. One study reported that 1,200 mg of ibuprofen augments muscle hypertrophy in older adults. Another study found that the same dose of ibuprofen attenuated muscle hypertrophy in young adults. These contrasting findings are likely explained by the differences in inflammatory levels between the age groups. Older adults generally have higher levels of inflammation, which is why an anti-inflammatory medication might have contributed to muscle hypertrophy. Studies that used lower doses of ibuprofen, such as 400 mg, did not report a negative or positive effect of ibuprofen use. More importantly, the modulating effects of ibuprofen on muscle hypertrophy should be currently considered preliminary because they have not yet been replicated. Meta-analytical data also did not find a significant difference between the effects of placebo and ibuprofen on muscle hypertrophy in middle-aged and older adults. In summary, ibuprofen use may modulate the effects of resistance training on muscle hypertrophy, but more research on the topic is needed before making any conclusive recommendations.
AS QUATRO PEDRAS DE XANGÔ: EDUCAÇÃO PATRIMONIAL DOS QUILOMBOS AGROECOLÓGICOS DE SÃO LOURENÇO DO SUL, RS
Authors: Borges Pestana Marlon , Ribeiro Fonseca Éder , Raquel Funk Tanja
Published: October 2022

O artigo traz a público alguns dos resultados das vivências tradicionais realizadas em dois quilombos de São Lourenço do Sul: Coxilha Negra e Nascentes (Boqueirão). A pesquisa tem como objetivo ampliar o conceito de Educação Patrimonial das comunidades tradicionais do campo. Trata de considerar uma atividade deles e não para eles através de uma Educação do Campo e não para o campo. As comunidades tradicionais apresentaram suas próprias demandas de Educação Patrimonial e os resultados do projeto refletem suas escolhas originais. Os povos do campo optam por processo que fortaleçam a memória e a identidade e que os empodere na formação do seu sujeito coletivo.
ESTUDANTES DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR E SITUAÇÕES URBANAS COTIDIANAS EM PEQUENAS CIDADES INTERIORANAS: O CASO DE REDENÇÃO E ACARAPE
Authors: Gomes Machado Eduardo , De Jesus Prado da Silva Nayrisson , De Souza Nogueira Jonathan , Erika Rocha Faustino Anna
Published: October 2022

A implantação de grandes equipamentos públicos de educação superior em pequenas cidades interioranas afeta as estruturas, equipamentos, serviços, fluxos e dinâmicas urbanas, potencialmente modificando os padrões de produção social do espaço urbano, a questão urbana e as próprias cidades. Aos moradores originários agregam-se centenas e até milhares de novos moradores, particularmente discentes da educação superior, vivenciando episódios e situações urbanas cotidianas. Como os estudantes vivenciam a cidade? Quais os desafios que enfrentam e como lidam com eles? Este artigo discute esses elementos, apresentando questões teórico-empíricas e achados analíticos resultantes do trabalho até aqui efetuado. A pesquisa trabalha com dados secundários e primários, e envolve observação direta de caráter etnográfico, questionários, entrevistas e análise documental.
DÓNDE HUBO FUEGO MACRORESTOS QUEDAN: PALEOETNOBOTÁNICA DE UN CERRITO DE INDIOS DEL SITIO CH2D01
Authors: Suárez Vespa Diego , Del Puerto Laura , Inda Hugo
Published: October 2022

Los estudios paleoetnobotánicos, que tienen una amplia trayectoria en las investigaciones de los cerritos de los indios del oriente uruguayo, se han enfocado principalmente en la recuperación e identificación de microrestos vegetales. Con el objetivo de profundizar en el conocimiento de la interrelación humano-vegetal entre los constructores de cerritos, se implementó una estrategia de recuperación de macroresiduos vegetales mediante flotación asistida de sedimentos arqueológicos de uno de los montículos del sitio CH2D01. Esto permitió la recuperación de 1308 carbonos y 840 carbonos vegetales. Entre los carporestos identificados destacan los endocarpos carbonizados de Arecaceas (N = 1193), correspondientes a las especies Butia odorata y Syagrus romanzoffiana. También se identificaron semillas pertenecientes a cuatro familias botánicas: Asteraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Poaceae y Polygonaceae.
Entre los antracorestes, se reportan nuevos registros para la arqueología de Uruguay para los rangos de género y especie: Allophylus edulis , Baccharis sp , Berberis laurina , Blepharocalyx salicifolia y Lithraea brasiliensis .
Los resultados obtenidos muestran el potencial de la flotación asistida para la recuperación de restos macro vegetales y el valor de estos últimos para la comprensión de los sistemas de subsistencia prehistóricos.
MANGUEBEAT E ARQUEOLOGIA: SERÁ QUE DÁ “SAMBA AQUI”? UM ENSAIO ETNOARQUEOLÓGICO POR ONTOLOGIAS RELACIONAIS
Authors: Borges Deminicis Rafael , Silva Alves Muniz Tiago , Alves D'Almeida Carolina
Published: October 2022

O ritual tem sido um dos temas explorados pelos estudos de sambaquis dos últimos anos e as ideias advindas da arqueologia pós-processualista têm contribuído para dar destaque ao campo imaterial dos sambaquis. Neste trabalho, apresentaremos uma análise sobre o histórico das pesquisas sobre os sambaquis no Brasil e novas perspectivas interpretativas, embasadas nos campos do neomaterialismo, comensalidade e ontologias relacionais (animistas). Enfim, buscamos a compreensão dos sambaquis através de uma etnoarqueologia que incorpore prismas relacionais, e demais contribuições advindas da etnobiologia e etnohistória. As relações intersubjetivas entre caranguejo e humano no manguezal são as nossas chaves para isso. Propomos aqui uma percepção do ambiente que observe a paisagem em sambaquis a partir de uma perspectiva relacional, não-antropocêntrica, isto é, com multiplicidade de agentes, humanos e não-humanos. Nesse caminho, com o auxílio de ontologias indígenas e o acesso a fontes etno-históricas, buscamos compreender os modos de vida humanos, e os rituais de morte, desenvolvidos nos sambaquis, nas relações intersubjetivas entre os caranguejos e comensais com o manguezal.
GRAFISMOS DAS ÁGUAS: A ARTE DAS ESTEARIAS DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Guida Navarro Alexandre
Published: October 2022

Tradicionalmente a arte ameríndia foi interpretada como uma linguagem e comunicação visual, um símbolo cognitivo da mente humana. A partir do ano 2000, novas formas de significar a arte foram construídas a partir da chamada virada ontológica. Assim, a arte começou a ser associada de maneira mais intrínseca às humanidades e à filosofia, como o perspectivismo ameríndio. A noção de arte hoje predominante na Antropologia é a que vê nela a evidência de cosmologias de diferentes mundos, habitados por diferentes seres, humanos e não-humanos. Nesse trabalho explora-se a arte abstrata das estearias da Baixada Maranhense. A paisagem aquática pode ter contribuído para a construção de cosmologias em que animais circundantes tiveram uma agência social, como a anaconda. Os artefatos recuperados em campanhas arqueológicas evidenciam uma arte abstrata inédita nas terras baixas da América do Sul, em que se destaca a cor preta nos padrões decorativos. A partir da analogia etnográfica, sugere-se que esses objetos dão ênfase à pele da anaconda, um animal mítico ancestral.
O POVOAMENTO DA COSTA ATLÂNTICA BRASILEIRA, UMA ABORDAGEM GEOARQUEOLÓGICA PARA A TRANSIÇÃO ENTRE HOLOCENO INICIAL E MÉDIO
Authors: Peretti Wagner Gustavo
Published: October 2022

A presente proposta visa situar o território brasileiro nos debates sobre o povoamento pré-histórico Sul-Americano conferindo destaque à região da costa atlântica, onde busca-se abordar cinco temáticas fundamentais:1- Introdução: o Povoamento da América do Sul Visto do Atlântico, 2- Sambaquis e Sítios Concheiros da Costa Atlântica Brasileira, 3- A Cronologia dos Sambaquis Antigos da Costa Atlântica Brasileira, 4- A Origem dos Sambaquis A Partir de Uma Perspectiva Geoarqueológica, 5- A Costa Brasileira: Paleogeografia e Evolução  e 6- O Povoamento da Costa Atlântica Brasileira, uma Abordagem Geoarqueológica para a Transição entre Holoceno Inicial e Médio. O problema é abordado através de levantamento bibliográfico, contrapondo as cronologias e os contextos culturais associados à dinâmica sedimentar e gênese do ambiente costeiro. O quadro das pesquisas atuais aponta para uma fronteira cronológica tênue com datações que se aproximam aos 8.000 anos A.P. geralmente para contextos culturais pouco detalhados, repousando sobre capas sedimentares suscetíveis às flutuações dos níveis marinhos holocênicos. Os “sítios de cultura costeira” da faixa atlântica do Brasil possuem um contexto cronológico sólido apenas para os 6 milênios compreendidos entre 7.000 A.P. e 1.000 A.P.
UMA PEQUENA HISTÓRIA SOBRE OS ESTUDOS COM INDÚSTRIAS LÍTICAS EM SAMBAQUIS NO BRASIL
Authors: Sanderson Nunes Fernandes da Silva Abrahão , Carlos da Rocha Luiz , Guida Navarro Alexandre
Published: October 2022

Este artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as indústrias líticas identificadas em sambaquis no Brasil. Evidencia a formação de períodos diferentes no tratamento com esses materiais, implicando na percepção das abordagens e sumarizando os dados apresentados. Como resultado, observa-se que revisitar coleções arqueológicos de materiais líticos oriundas dos sambaquis ainda se configura como um grande cenário a ser explorado pela arqueologia brasileira, sobretudo pelo grande potencial informativo que esses sítios e sua cultura material carregam.
COTIDIANO E RITUAL NO PASSADO PRÉ-COLONIAL DO SUL NO AMAPÁ: AS ESTRUTURAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS DOS SÍTIOS CURIAÚ MIRIM I E LARANJAL DO JARI I (VII AO XVII AD)
Authors: Gambim Júnior Avelino , Juliane Souza de Lima Jelly
Published: October 2022

A arqueologia do Amapá é conhecida principalmente pelos sítios cerimoniais e cemitérios. Recentemente, os sítios habitação passaram a ser alvo de estudos sistemáticos que visam a compreender o passado pré-colonial da região. Este artigo pretende refletir sobre práticas cotidianas e rituais realizados em duas antigas aldeias do sul no Amapá, por meio de dados qualitativos principalmente de artefatos e restos humanos que foram identificados nas estruturas arqueológicas. A materialização dos descartes nas estruturas arqueológicas durante o passado pré-colonial evoca uma visão contracartesiana das relações que ocorreram nesses lugares. Assim, emergem práticas relacionadas à rememoração dos mortos, sociabilidades e relações com seres visíveis e invisíveis entre os séculos VII ao XVII AD.
DECIPHERING EAST-SIDE SOUTH AMERICANS INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS DYNAMICS
Authors: Holl Augustin
Published: October 2022

The impressive results of the editorial project featured in this dossier on theprehistory of the Amazon viewed from the Atlantic flank of South America outlinea scientific and ethical success story. The works presented can be seen as a vindication of Max Planck (1950) sinical views of change in science. “A new scientific truthdoes not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, butrather because its opponents eventually die and a new generation grows up that isfamiliar with it” He re-emphasized the some view in another part of the same book,asserting that “an important scientific innovation rarely makes its way by gradually winning over and converting its opponents: it rarely happens that Saul becomesPaul. What does happen is that its opponents gradually die out, and that the growinggeneration is familiarized with the ideas from the beginning: another instance of thefact that the future lies with the youth”. Thomas Kuhn (1962) “Structure of scientificRevolutions” provided a rational explanation and helped understand what happensin the mind of working researchers, scientists and scholars.
Decreased Modulation of Population Correlations in Auditory Cortex Is Associated with Decreased Auditory Detection Performance in Old Mice
Authors: Shilling-Scrivo Kelson , Mittelstadt Jonah , Kanold Patrick O.
Published: October 2022

Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) affects one-third of the world's population. One hallmark of presbycusis is difficulty hearing in noisy environments. Presbycusis can be separated into two components: the aging ear and the aging brain. To date, the role of the aging brain in presbycusis is not well understood. Activity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) during a behavioral task is because of a combination of responses representing the acoustic stimuli, attentional gain, and behavioral choice. Disruptions in any of these aspects can lead to decreased auditory processing. To investigate how these distinct components are disrupted in aging, we performedin vivo2-photon Ca2+imaging in both male and female mice (Thy1-GCaMP6s×CBA/CaJmice) that retain peripheral hearing into old age. We imaged A1 neurons of young adult (2-6 months) and old mice (16-24 months) during a tone detection task in broadband noise. While young mice performed well, old mice performed worse at low signal-to-noise ratios. Calcium imaging showed that old animals have increased prestimulus activity, reduced attentional gain, and increased noise correlations. Increased correlations in old animals exist regardless of cell tuning and behavioral outcome, and these correlated networks exist over a much larger portion of cortical space. Neural decoding techniques suggest that this prestimulus activity is predictive of old animals making early responses. Together, our results suggest a model in which old animals have higher and more correlated prestimulus activity and cannot fully suppress this activity, leading to the decreased representation of targets among distracting stimuli.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAging inhibits the ability to hear clearly in noisy environments. We show that the aging auditory cortex is unable to fully suppress its responses to background noise. During an auditory behavior, fewer neurons were suppressed in the old relative to young animals, which leads to higher prestimulus activity and more false alarms. We show that this excess activity additionally leads to increased correlations between neurons, reducing the amount of relevant stimulus information in the auditory cortex. Future work identifying the lost circuits that are responsible for proper background suppression could provide new targets for therapeutic strategies to preserve auditory processing ability into old age.
TECHNICAL COMPETENCIES OF OIL AND GAS CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGERS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Razi P.Z. , Saad M.S.H. , Jamaludin O.
Published: October 2022

The oil and gas business is one of the most important and largest industries in the world. Despite the industry's large economic contribution, the output of major projects has not met expectations, particularly with regard to cost and schedule goals. project managers should possess sufficient technical knowledge and skill to perform their jobs, especially in the oil and gas industry. This paper aims to assess the level of technical competencies for oil and gas construction project managers in Malaysia.Data were collected from 75 respondents from different organisations that are involved with oil and gas construction projects in Malaysia by using a questionnaire. The current level of construction project managers in the oil and gas construction in Malaysia are mostly competent and have the most satisfied rating in determining appropriate construction methods, followed by project scheduling, directing and monitoring the project's progress. Hopefully, this study can help the industry sector, especially in oil and gas, to find competent technical PMs to ensure the project can be delivered well.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND VOID CONTENT OF PORTLAND CEMENT PERVIOUS CONCRETE- OKPS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Jaafar M.F.M. , Ghazali N. , Muthusamy K.
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, in Malaysia, there are flooding issues during heavy rain. The drainage system is not capable to smoothly manage the wastewater. This is caused by the increase in infrastructure and construction. It was recommended to use pervious concrete (PC) as an alternative for this issue. However, PC is not environmental-friendly due to the presence of non-renewable material in its production. The use of oil palm kernel shells in PC is considered the best alternative. A series of PC-OPKS mixes were designed up to 20% levels of replacement of OPKS to Portland cement PC. It was found that OPKS10 enhanced the strength but was lower than the control PC. The results also exhibited that PC-OPKS significantly and positively affect the void content. Based on RSM analysis, the inclusion of OPKS in PC has a strong relationship with strength and void content. Obviously, PC-OPKS features a lower compressive strength but greater void content when compared to PC alone.
PERFORMANCE CONCRETE CONTAINING COAL BOTTOM ASH ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES UNDER ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AND VARIOUS COOLING METHOD
Authors: Embong R. , Albiajawi M. , Syameer Harudin A.I.
Published: October 2022

In recent years, excessive quantities of industrial by-products dumped from coal-thermal power plants have resulted in environmental contamination and landfills. Recycling industrial waste will help to minimise the consumption of cement in concrete. Hence, carbon dioxide emission from cement production can be reduced simultaneously. The current trend in the construction industry has also highlighted the use of silica-rich supplementary cementitious materials from industrial wastes in concrete production. Numerous studies have also validated the properties of these potential waste materials. Yet, there is less information on coal bottom ash (CBA) performance in concrete exposed to elevated temperature as partial cement replacement. Therefore, this study was done to investigate the strength performance of CBA subjected to elevated temperature with a different cooling method. Several tests were conducted to examine the performance of CBA concrete at elevated temperatures of 200º C, 400º C and 600º C; compressive strength, visual appearances and mass loss. The test of concrete specimens with a replacement proportion of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% is measured and compared with those of the control concrete specimens. Replacement level of 5% with CBA had shown comparable strength value with the control specimen, even after the elevated temperature up to 600º C. In addition, the characteristics of CBA particles having high water absorption properties have strongly influenced the overall strength performance in concrete. Therefore, it is strongly suggested to reduce the particle size of CBA before being utilised in concrete.
Regulation Negotiation
Authors: Duda Paula A.
Published: October 2022

This article examines the use of regulation negotiation as an alternative to traditional rule making processes in state level bureaucracies. Direct observation of the Special Protection Water Program regulation negotiations at the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection from January, 1995 through August, 1996, shows that regulation negotiation can only be applied to issues with clearly defined policy alternatives, a limited number of affected parties and a distinct but not imminent deadline. All parties must be willing to bargain or negotiated agreement will not be reached. On a positive note, a survey of regulation negotiation participants revealed that agency administrators, environmental advocacy groups, and the regulated business community all perceive real benefits in the process.
Would You Vote for Colin Powell?
Authors: Gresham April , Maranto Robert
Published: October 2022

Sigelman et al (1995), Williams (1990), and Sonenshein (1990) find that whites stereotype African-American candidates as less competent and more liberal than white candidates. Yet increasing numbers of African-Americans win election in white constituencies. We used a natural experiment, the media boom for a Colin Powell presidential bid in 1994, to test the degree to which various race-related attitudes affected Powell support among white voters. We conducted a phone survey of 350 white Pennsylvania residents from June to November 1994. Powell had as much support as any Republican. Powell support was unrelated to conservatism, party, and affirmative action. For Democrats, Powell support was related to attitudes toward NAFTA and immigration. For Republicans, Powell support was related to authoritarianism and populism. We conclude with speculation about future directions for research.
What's Local about Local Television News?
Authors: Hale Matthew
Published: October 2022

Because capturing and analyzing local television news broadcasts is difficult, most research on campaign ocverage by local television stations centers on a single candidate race and a limited number of news broadcasts. This article expands existing research by examining all prime time election coverage by Philadelphia's four network affiliates in the final 30 days of the 2004 campagin. These stations virtually abandoned coverage of local and statewied races in favor of the presidential contest. Most coverage focused on campaign stategy rather than issues, but there is little evidence of direct bias favoring either Democrats or Republicans. Although stations generally ignored nonpresidential elections, they gave a fair amount of coverage to the mechanics of voting, which may provide voters with valuable locally based election information.
Evidence That Young Children Are Falling Through the Safety Net
Authors: Chilton Mariana , Chyatte Michelle , Gracely Edward
Published: October 2022

Hunger is still lurking in Pennsylvania. But it can be addressed and treated by policymakers and legislators. This paper gives an overview of the empirical evidence that federal and state policymakers have a direct impact on the health and wellbeing of young children through the statewide implementation of safety net programs such as the Food Stamp Program, Women, Infants and Children Supplemental Nutrition Program, and Low Income Heat and Energy Assistance. Food insecurity, known as the lack of access to enough food for an active and healthy life, is strongly associated with increased hospitalizations, poor child health, developmental risk and maternal depression. The Philadelphia GROW Project research in Philadelphia demonstrates that food insecurity and its negative health consequences are prevalent and damaging to the lives of children and their parents in the Commonwealth. The continuing food insecurity in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania is having a damaging affect not only on the wellbeing of young children, but also on the purse strings of Pennsylvania. Policymakers and legislators have the opportunity to turn this trend around with sound, evidence-based decision making as they carry out their legislative agendas. We end this paper with recommendations for how key decision-makers can have an immediate and lasting impact on improving the lives of low-income families with young children.
Objecting to Public Health
Authors: Gallagher Dennis , Kolker Jennifer
Published: October 2022

No abstract.
Pennsylvania Medical Assistance
Authors: Lave Judith R. , Potter Margaret A.
Published: October 2022

No abstract.
Utilization of Private Resources to Supplement Government Resources in Case of Emergency
Authors: Moran Christopher J.
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Regional Response to All-Hazards Events
Authors: Noll Gregory G.
Published: October 2022

No abstract
The State Role in Emergency Management
Authors: Cigler Beverly A.
Published: October 2022

No abstract.
The Disenfranchisement of Black Pennsylvanians in the 1838 State Constitution
Authors: Latzko David A.
Published: October 2022

Delegates to Pennsylvania's state constitutional convention in 1837-38 approved an amendment limiting the right to vote to "white freemen." Some scholars argue that simple racism explains this decision. Others emphazie the partisan nature of the issue of black suffrage or the economic rivalry between blacks and whites for jobs. This article quantitatively examines the factors affecting how convention delegates voted on black suffrage. The delegates' political affiliation and the share of free blacks in the populations of the delegates' home counties are robust determinants of how the delegates voted. Democrats voted to disenfranchise black Pennsylvanians. Delegates from counties with proportionally large black populations opposed disenfranchisement.
COMMONWEALTH Matters
Authors: Leckrone, J. Wesley
Published: October 2022

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Backmatter
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: October 2022

Backmatter
Nominalism and Conceptualism in Hobbes's Political Theory
Authors: Whiteside Kerry H.
Published: October 2022

Hobbes developed two theories of language, each with peculiar implications for his views on reason and truth, and each applied throughout his political philosophy. As a nominalist, Hobbes argues that individuals subsume particular things under general names by an act of will. Nominalism supports his view of the moral anarchy of the state of nature, and helps justify an arbitrary sovereign. Conceptualism allows Hobbes to picture the sovereign as a rational rule-creator and his subjects as rule-followers. Either theory, however, taken alone, contradicts important parts of Hobbes's political project. The contradictions between the two theories result from difficulties inherent in the attempt to reconcile reason and passion in politics.
Implementation of Title IX
Authors: Force George T.
Published: October 2022

Title IX of the Higher Education Act is to provide women with legal protection against discrimination in educational programs and activities, including intercollegiate athletics. The purpose of this research is to examine the attitudes and perceptions of male and female sport leaders toward Title IX and the specific democratic value, equality, which underlays it. This article reports the findings of an attitudinal survey of sport leaders in selected public institutions of higher education in Pennsylvania. The survey addressed the sport Ieaders' attitudes toward political and social equality and the enforcement issue of Title IX. The thesis of this report is that so long as there is a gap between persons' support for democralic values and the abstract and their actual behavior, enforcement of Title IX will remain controversial and equality between the sexes will not be achieved.
Patterns of Campaign Finance in Pennsylvania's 1982 Legislative Election
Authors: Eisenstein James
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes sources of contributions to virtually all candidates for Pennsylvania legislative office in 1982 who reported raising or spending more than $250 in any of six reporting periods. Contributions totaling nearly $7,750,000 were examined. Almost half came in amounts greater than $250. About 20% came from contributions of $50 or less from individuals: an equal proportion came from individuals giving between $50 and $250. Political Action Committee contributions received special scrutiny. About 27% of all money raised came from PACs, split evenly between Republicans and Democrats. But PAC money heavily favored incumbents by a three to one margin. In sharp contrast to political party contributions, PACs gave almost as much to candidates assured of victory or even unopposed as to those in close races. Labor PACs gave about as much as professional PACs, but were outspent two to one by business PACs. Overall, PACs accounted for nearly 37% of incumbents' receipts, suggesting their role is greater than in U.S. Congressional elections.
Independent Judges in a Democracy
Authors: O'Neill Timothy J.
Published: October 2022

This research note tests the proposition that different local selection processes recruit judges with different outlooks about tile roles they aught to perform Wi democratic officials and as legal professionals. Based on interviews with ninety-four state and local trial judges in California, Louisiana, and Massachusetts, I conclude that there is no statistically significant relationship between selection process and role orientation.
Gender Differences in Public Policy Attitudes
Authors: Skok James E.
Published: October 2022

Persistent differences between men and women in regard to their public policy attitudes have been found by various researchers. In this article, a state-wide survey in Pennsylvania is used to compare attitudes of men and women in the state with those at the national level. Using these data, three hypotheses frequently offered to explain attitude differences are subjected to evaluation. The major finding is that the male-female differences in policy attitudes may be related both to the sex-role behaviors leamed by children and to economic conditions experienced in later life.
Immigrants, Ethnic Lobbies and American Foreign Policy
Authors: Klinger Janeen M.
Published: October 2022

The United States is so obviously an immigrant nation that this fact is assumed to be significant for the contuct of its foreign policy. This article examines the assumption and whether the recent change in immigration patterns away from Europe and towards Asia as the point of origin may portend a significant shift in the orientation of U. S. foreign policy. This article also describes the effect that immigration groups and ethnic lobbies have had on U.S. foreign policy in the past, extrapolating generalizations from earlier experiences that may apply to the latest group of immigrants.
Partisan Goals and Redistricting
Authors: Patterson Kelly D. , Armon Bruce D.
Published: October 2022

Past research efforts in congressional redistricting have focused on party bias in redistricting plans without ever directly measuring the attitudes of the state legislators. In this study we specifically measure the goals that state legislators would like to achieve as they formulate a congressional redistricting plan. Overall, state legislators possess the party loyalty necessary to produce partisan plans, but a number of conflicting demands placed upon them inhibit the full realization of party objectives.
The Forgotten Bill of Rights
Authors: Fitzpatrick Gerard. J.
Published: October 2022

Although the Bill of Rights has become a sacred part of American constitutionalism, the meaning of liberty has changed significantly since the eighteenth century. Liberty two centuries ago was generally understood in communitarian terms: the people as a whole sought bills of rights to protect themselves against the usurpations of their rulers. Today Liberty is seen primarily in individual terms: the few, particularly unpopular and vulnerable minorities, invoke the Bill of Rights to secure themselves against the power of the many. Eighteenth century bills of rights thus rested upon a theory of liberty no longer remembered, a theory the author calls our 'forgotten bill of rights".
Utilización de los recursos genéticos en un país que es centro de origen
Authors: Pastor-Soplin Santiago H. , Velásquez Dora , Rivas Emma
Published: October 2022

La producción peruana de cacao representa aproximadamente el 2% de la producción mundial; con una contribución muy reconocida por la calidad y diversidad de sus sabores y aromas. De milenario origen amazónico y probada utilización de hace por lo menos 5200 años, este cultivo recién ha sido visible para el desarrollo agrario en las dos últimas décadas, cuando se le ha utilizado con relativo éxito en la sustitución de cultivos ilegales de coca ¿Y qué tanto está contribuyendo la academia a la cadena de valor del cacao? Con carácter exploratorio, se registró y analizó una muestra de 44 tesis que tenían como objeto de estudio el cacao, obtenido por sus autores en los centros de producción y parcelas de productores. La mayor parte de estas tesis (41) estuvieron destinadas a obtener títulos profesionales, dos para optar el grado de magister y uno para obtener el grado de doctorado. Estas tesis se realizaron en universidades de 13 departamentos del Perú, contando Lima con el mayor número de tesis (12). Once tesis abarcaron actividades de investigación del germoplasma para la transformación y/o la innovación del cacao, confiriéndole así valor agregado con potencial uso comercial. Estas investigaciones estuvieron relacionadas con cuatro sectores productivos con un claro potencial comercial en el mercado global de recursos genéticos. En ningún caso, las investigaciones se realizaron bajo la seguridad jurídica del sistema de acceso a recursos genéticos y participación justa y equitativa de beneficios del Protocolo de Nagoya.
First record of the invasive dwarf surf clam Mulinia lateralis (Say 1822) in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Britzke Ricardo , Nirchio Mauro , Solano-Motoche Galo , Siccha-Ramirez Raquel
Published: October 2022

Mulinia lateralis is a native bivalve from the Western Atlantic Ocean, distributed from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in Canada to Yucatan in Mexico. Based on morphological and genetic data of specimens collected in shrimp farms, in this work, we confirm the presence of M. lateralis in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Presence and its consequences of this invasive bivalve in the region is discussed.
A timely efficient and robust multi-source and multitemporal routine for determination of surface water area in large water reservoirs
Authors: Facco Douglas Stefanello , Guasselli Laurindo Antonio , Zanotta Daniel Capella , Chimelo Ruiz Luis Fernando
Published: October 2022

The Brazilian electrical system has gone through conflicts resulting from recent water crisis. Timely indicators are crucial for properly acting in order to mitigate upcoming problems. In this work we evaluate the potential of Reservoir Water Level (RWL) and Surface Water Area (SWA) indices for estimating physical parameters in the management of water resources. We tested Landsat 8 (L8) and Sentinel-2 (S2) optical image time series, Sentinel-1 (S1) radar, spectral indices and validation with Jason-3 (J3) altimetry. The methodology was developed in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) operational routine, which streamlined the SWA mapping. The best results were between S2 and NDWI and threshold 0, with R² = 0.88 and RMSE of 11.59 km². As main limitations, we highlight the cloud cover for the optical images, which can decrease the temporal sampling, as well as the SAR backscatter response in the presence of bare soil and aquatic vegetation. We could attest that periodic remote sensing data are particularly useful for timely updating spatial variations of RWL and SWA in reservoirs.
Застосування методу розсіяння світла для вивчення поверхневої структури гідрогелю
Authors: Zabashta Yu.F. , Kovalchuk V.I. , Svechnikova O.S. , Bulavin L.A.
Published: October 2022

Дослiджено спричинене золь-гель переходом розсiяння свiтла у водних розчинах гiдроксипропiлцелюлози з домiшками iонiв натрiю i калiю. Встановлено, що пiсля завершення переходу виникає вiдбиття свiтла, пов’язане iз формуванням поверхнi гiдрогелю. Запропоновано молекулярну модель спостереженого явища. У припущеннi, що розсiяння свiтла описується законом Релея, ми отримали рiвняння, за допомогою яких обчислено фрактальнi показники поверхневої структури гiдрогелю. Показано, що додавання iонних домiшок у полiмерний розчин приводить до набухання молекулярних клубкiв та зменшення фрактальної розмiрностi поверхнi гiдрогелю.
Understanding the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Hospitalized Adolescent Males
Authors: Hunt Jane Alyce , Randell Kimberly A , Mermelstein Sarah , Miller Melissa K , Masonbrink Abbey R
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES

To describe sexual behaviors and acceptability of receiving sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services among hospitalized adolescent males.

METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional survey of hospitalized adolescents. Eligible participants were males aged 14 to 20 years admitted at 2 academic medical centers. Outcome measures included reported healthcare utilization, sexual health behaviors (eg, sexual activity), contraception use, and acceptability of SRH discussions during a hospitalization.

Results

Among 145 participants, 42% reported a history of vaginal sex, 27% current sexual activity, 12% early sexual debut, and 22% 4 or more prior sexual partners. At last sex, condom use was reported by 63% and use of reversible contraception by 36%. Nearly half (45%) agreed that hospital-based SRH discussions were acceptable, particularly among those with history of sexual activity (P < .01). Some (12%) reported they had not accessed care in the past year when they felt they should.

Conclusions

Hospitalized males in our study had similar rates of sexual activity as compared with the general population but had higher rates of early sexual debut and number of prior partners, which are independently linked with negative sexual health outcomes (eg, sexually transmitted infections). Our participants found SRH discussions to be generally acceptable. These findings reveal opportunities to screen for unmet SRH needs and provide SRH education and services for adolescent males in the hospital.
Clinical Assessment of Late Health Outcomes in Survivors of Wilms Tumor
Authors: Foster Kayla L. , Salehabadi Sedigheh Mirzaei , Green Daniel M. , Xing Mengqi , Ness Kirsten K. , Krull Kevin R. , Brinkman Tara M. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Chemaitilly Wassim , Dixon Stephanie B. , Bhakta Nickhill , Brennan Rachel C. , Krasin Matthew J. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Mulrooney Daniel A.
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to clinically characterize the health, neurocognitive, and physical function outcomes of curative treatment of Wilms tumor.

METHODS

Survivors of Wilms tumor (n = 280) participating in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort, a retrospective study with prospective follow-up of individuals treated for childhood cancer at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, were clinically evaluated and compared to age and sex-matched controls (n = 625). Health conditions were graded per a modified version of the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Standardized neurocognitive testing was graded by using age-adjusted z-scores. Impaired physical function was defined by age- and sex-matched z-scores >1.5 SD below controls. Modified Poisson regression was used to compare the prevalence of conditions and multivariable logistic regression to examine treatment associations.

RESULTS

Median age at evaluation was similar between survivors and controls (30.5 years [9.0–58.0] and 31.0 [12.0–70.0]). Therapies included nephrectomy (100%), vincristine (99.3%), dactinomycin (97.9%), doxorubicin (66.8%), and abdominal (59.3%) and/or chest radiation (25.0%). By age 40 years, survivors averaged 12.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.7–13.8) grade 1–4 and 7.5 (CI: 6.7–8.2) grade 2 to 4 health conditions, compared to 4.2 (CI: 3.9–4.6) and 2.3 (CI: 2.1–2.5), respectively, among controls. Grade 2 to 4 endocrine (53.9%), cardiovascular (26.4%), pulmonary (18.2%), neurologic (8.6%), neoplastic (7.9%), and kidney (7.2%) conditions were most prevalent. Survivors exhibited neurocognitive and physical performance impairments.

CONCLUSIONS

Wilms tumor survivors experience a threefold higher burden of chronic health conditions compared to controls and late neurocognitive and physical function deficits. Individualized clinical management, counseling, and surveillance may improve long-term health maintenance.