bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of shear flow on the rotational diffusion of a single axisymmetric particle
Authors: Leahy Brian D. , Koch Donald L. , Cohen Itai
Published: April 2015

Understanding the orientation dynamics of anisotropic colloidal particles is important for suspension rheology and particle self-assembly. However, even for the simplest case of dilute suspensions in shear flow, the orientation dynamics of non-spherical Brownian particles are poorly understood. Here we analytically calculate the time-dependent orientation distributions for non-spherical axisymmetric particles confined to rotate in the flow–gradient plane, in the limit of small but non-zero Brownian diffusivity. For continuous shear, despite the complicated dynamics arising from the particle rotations, we find a coordinate change that maps the orientation dynamics to a diffusion equation with a remarkably simple ratio of the enhanced rotary diffusivity to the zero shear diffusion:$D_{eff}^{r}/D_{0}^{r}=(3/8)(p-1/p)^{2}+1$, where$p$is the particle aspect ratio. For oscillatory shear, the enhanced diffusion becomes orientation dependent and drastically alters the long-time orientation distributions. We describe a general method for solving the time-dependent oscillatory shear distributions and finding the effective diffusion constant. As an illustration, we use this method to solve for the diffusion and distributions in the case of triangle-wave oscillatory shear and find that they depend strongly on the strain amplitude and particle aspect ratio. These results provide new insight into the time-dependent rheology of suspensions of anisotropic particles. For continuous shear, we find two distinct diffusive time scales in the rheology that scale separately with aspect ratio$p$, as$1/D_{0}^{r}p^{4}$and as$1/D_{0}^{r}p^{2}$for$p\gg 1$. For oscillatory shear flows, the intrinsic viscosity oscillates with the strain amplitude. Finally, we show the relevance of our results to real suspensions in which particles can rotate freely. Collectively, the interplay between shear-induced rotations and diffusion has rich structure and strong effects: for a particle with aspect ratio 10, the oscillatory shear intrinsic viscosity varies by a factor of${\approx}2$and the rotational diffusion by a factor of${\approx}40$.
Markets as Mere Means
Authors: Claassen Rutger
Published: April 2015

There has been a remarkable shift in the relationship between market and state responsibilities for public services like health care and education. While these services continue to be financed publicly, they are now often provided through the market. The main argument for this new institutional division of labor is economic: while (public) ends stay the same, (private) means are more efficient. Markets function as ‘mere means’ under the continued responsibility of the state. This article investigates and rejects currently existing egalitarian liberal theories about this division of labor and it presents and defends a new theory of marketization, in which social rights and democratic decision-making occupy center-stage.
Corporate Defaults, Workouts, and the Rise of the Distressed Asset Investment Industry
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Fleming Grant
Published: April 2015

We examine the formation and growth of the distressed asset investment industry during the late twentieth century, with specific focus on the strategies of the leading firms. The distressed asset investment industry is dominated by firms based in the United States and is relatively concentrated, due in large part to early movers developing distinctive investment capabilities through participation in landmark transactions, relationship-specific resources, and exploitation of scale effects. We argue that the participation of these firms in the bankruptcy and corporate restructuring markets has resulted in private-sector workouts becoming more competitive and more efficient over the last thirty years, especially in the United States.
Is legal protection sufficient to ensure plant conservation? The Italian Red List of policy species as a case study
Authors: Rossi Graziano , Orsenigo Simone , Montagnani Chiara , Fenu Giuseppe , Gargano Domenico , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Wagensommer Robert P. , Foggi Bruno , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Domina Gianniantonio , Conti Fabio , Bartolucci Fabrizio , Gennai Matilde , Ravera Sonia , Cogoni Annalena , Magrini Sara , Gentili Rodolfo , Castello Miris , Blasi Carlo , Abeli Thomas
Published: April 2015

The conservation of species listed in the Bern Convention and European Directive 1992/43/EEC (so-called policy species) is mandatory for European Union (EU) countries. We assessed the conservation status of Italian policy species, based on the IUCN categories and criteria, to evaluate the effectiveness of existing protection measures at the national level. Among the 203 vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens evaluated, 41.9% are categorized as threatened, and one is already extinct, indicating that the protection measures for policy species are inadequate. Our results for the Italian policy species are consistent with those of an assessment at the EU level. Conservation priorities should be established at both the national and regional scales. An effective conservation strategy is needed, and in situ and ex situ actions focused on threatened species should be promoted.
Stereotyped at Seven? Biases in Teacher Judgement of Pupils’ Ability and Attainment
Authors: CAMPBELL TAMMY
Published: April 2015

There is evidence that teacher judgements and assessments of primary school pupils can be systematically biased. This paper tests the proposal that stereotyping plays a part in creating these judgement inequalities and is instrumental in achievement variation according to income-level, gender, special educational needs status, ethnicity and spoken language. Using 2008 data for almost 5,000 pupils from the Millennium Cohort Study, it demonstrates biases in teachers’ average ratings of sample pupils’ reading and maths ‘ability and attainment’ which correspond to every one of these key characteristics. Findings go on to suggest that stereotypes according to each of income-level, gender, special educational needs status and ethnicity all play some part in forming these biases. The paper strengthens the evidence that stereotyping of pupils may contribute to assessment and thereby attainment inequalities, and concludes that an increased focus on tackling this process may lead to greater parity and a narrowing of gaps.
THE CHRISTIANISATION OF THE PELOPONNESE: THE CASE FOR STRATEGIC CHANGE
Authors: Sweetman Rebecca
Published: April 2015

The issue of the persistence of paganism is now quite well considered; however, it is only in recent times that the same concern approached from another perspective, the multifaceted nature of the Christianisation of the Peloponnese, has become the topic of detailed discussion. It is likely that Christianisation in Achaea took place incrementally and with a variety of effects according to the location. The processes of how this took place and under what circumstances remain to be discussed in detail. As a considered and active process, understanding methods of conversion should provide insights into the nature of society at the time, particularly in terms of communications. Church location reflects a range of choices made in terms of the conversion process and therefore is fundamental to analysing religious transformation. Such insights are important, particularly given the dearth of historical sources for, and difficulties of refining, church chronologies in the Peloponnese. In the case of the Late Antique Peloponnese, a great deal is known about many individual churches as a result of quite extensive excavation of a majority of them, particularly through the work of Pallas and Orlandos. This evidence, together with the results of a survey of all the known Late Antique churches in the Peloponnese undertaken in 2012, makes possible a synthetic interpretation of all the material within the surrounding landscape. While the precise chronologies may remain elusive, this present study shows how sociological theories of conversion processes can be applied to the topographic analysis of the Late Antique churches of the Peloponnese to help determine the nature of Christianisation across the diachronic range. In this work I will present some new theories regarding processes and phases of conversion, and the implications of these in terms of understanding networks and society in the Late Antique Peloponnese.
MYCENAEAN LAPIDARY CRAFTSMANSHIP: THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF STONE VASES
Authors: Morero Elise
Published: April 2015

The first substantial corpus of developed and complex stone vases emerged on the Greek mainland in the shaft graves of Mycenae (Middle Helladic III – Late Helladic I) and was certainly, in large part, of Minoan origin. However, a Mycenaean industry appeared in the Late Helladic III period, which suggests a link with Minoan technology. Indeed, there is an extremely strong possibility that expatriate craftsmen had gradually transmitted their knowledge to local Mycenaean apprentices. A technological study of a corpus of 24 stone vases from Mycenae, dated to the Late Helladic I/II–III, enables the identification and reconstruction of the manufacturing processes and techniques involved in mainland production. It appears to be the case that a great part of the Mycenaean know-how derives from contact with Minoan craftsmanship. However, if a large number of technical elements (use of tubular drilling for the hollowing process, production of the vessels in several parts) may come from a Minoan heritage, the Mycenaeans seem to have quickly developed their own approach – with their own technological emphases, serving purely Mycenaean forms. The vase, based on separately made elements, was a Minoan approach but became properly a mainland concept, which appeared far less commonly in other regions of the eastern Mediterranean. Similarly, the single-tool approach developed for the drilling process (for hollowing the interior of the vessels and for cutting the inlay decoration of the exterior), entirely based on the use of the tubular drill, is purely a native one and is uncommon among eastern Mediterranean vessel traditions. A technological study indicates also the possible coexistence of different types of organisation in the Mycenaean workshops. Thus, the manufacturing processes used, as well as the organisation of the production, are distinct from those of other eastern Mediterranean centres, including Crete.
Currents in the Cross-Legal: Recontextualizing Terence Rattigan’s The Winslow Boy
Authors: Feldman Alex
Published: April 2015

Though Terence Rattigan’s reputation as a playwright has successfully been revived in recent years, critical responses to the plays – The Winslow Boy (1946) being a case in point – remain limited to the perspectives of British theatre history and British party politics. Paying particular attention to ‘cross-legal’ parallels between The Winslow Boy and a variety of historical and fictional analogues, Alex Feldman restores the play to a broader frame of reference, and to some of its original contexts of production and reception. First considering Rattigan’s juvenile dramatic forays into the law, including his adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities, he proceeds to explore archival evidence of The Winslow Boy’s European reception, pursuing parallels drawn by reviewers with the Nuremberg trials, the Dreyfus case, and Heinrich von Kleist’s 1811 novella, Michael Kohlhaas, re-positioning The Winslow Boy within the transnational and transhistorical legal imaginary to which it properly belongs. Alex Feldman is an Assistant Professor of English at MacEwan University in Alberta. His first book, Dramas of the Past on the Twentieth-Century Stage: in History’s Wings, was published by Routledge in 2012.
The First Female Performers: Tumblers, Flute-girls, and Mime Actresses
Authors: Hov Live
Published: April 2015

Recovering the ‘lost’ female tradition has been one of the explicit goals of feminist scholarship in theatre history. Live Hov’s essay is a contribution to that line of research, focusing on the first female performers in the ‘illegitimate’ genres of Greek and Roman theatre. By surveying a number of relevant texts, she shows how these important ‘firsts’ are a neglected area in the theatre and performance studies curriculum. Specialized works by classical scholars provide more evidence on the matter, however, and in the second part of the essay Hov sketches the professional activities and social status of the first female performers. Finally she views the topic through the concept of the gaze, showing how the female performers of antiquity were the first ‘objects’ of the gaze, which in turn contributed to the persistent notion of the promiscuous actress. Live Hov is Professor of Theatre Studies at the University of Oslo, formerly holding a similar position at the University of Copenhagen. Prior to her academic studies she was trained as an actor at the National Theatre School, Norway. Most of her publications (mainly in Norwegian and Danish) pertain to the history and function of women in theatre, to the history of opera production, and to Henrik Ibsen as a man of the theatre.
Towards a Theoretical History for Greek Tragedy
Authors: Ley Graham
Published: April 2015

Greek tragedy and its theatre have regularly been drawn into modern theoretical formulas about the nature of theatre making, in proposals which have often had their own cause to plead, but which have still been influential on broadly formed views of the theatre in its history. In this essay, Graham Ley argues that much incidental misrepresentation can be found in this kind of writing alongside the occasional remarkable insight, and that the attention given in modern theory to the Greek theatre is generally inadequate. The theorists discussed are Isadora Duncan, Brecht, Boal, and Hans-Thies Lehmann, with examples also taken from performance theory. Ley then goes on to examine what kind of theoretical view of the ancient Greek theatre would be most appropriate today, and offers a vision of it as a dynamic and innovative environment, looking in this second part of the essay at what can be said of early choric tragedy, of the emergence of the actor, and of the innovation of the dramatic scene building. Graham Ley has written essays on various topics over the years for New Theatre Quarterly, but this is his first piece for the journal on his specialist subject, the performance of ancient Greek tragedy.
Community structure and ecological specialization in plant–ant interactions
Authors: Barriga Paola A. , Dormann Carsten F. , Gbur Edward E. , Sagers Cynthia L
Published: April 2015

Environmental effects on species interactions can be studied by comparative analyses of network structure. For example, comparison of interaction networks among study sites can provide clues to geographic variation of host breadth. Obligate plant–ant interactions are ideal systems to explore these phenomena because they are long term and can be accurately sampled in the field. We tested two hypotheses: (1) network structure and host specialization do not vary among communities, and (2) the effects of plant extinction do not vary among communities. We sampled 10 or more plants for each of the 30 ant–plant species found in three Neotropical locations. We found that network specialization,H2′, was significantly higher than expected in random networks. The ant or plant specialization index,d′, distribution did not vary among localities, neither varied in link or asymmetry distribution. Plant extinction simulations showed that these interactions are vulnerable to plant loss, and the null model was more robust than the observed networks. This study provides a foundation on which plant and ant phylogenies can be added to explore compartment evolution.
Chemoprophylaxis and vaccination in preventing subsequent cases of meningococcal disease in household contacts of a case of meningococcal disease: a systematic review
Authors: TELISINGHE L. , WAITE T. D. , GOBIN M. , RONVEAUX O. , FERNANDEZ K. , STUART J. M. , SCHOLTEN R. J. P. M.
Published: April 2015

Household contacts of an index case of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are at increased risk of acquiring disease. In revising WHO guidance on IMD in sub-Saharan Africa, a systematic review was undertaken to assess the effect of chemoprophylaxis and of vaccination in preventing subsequent cases of IMD in household contacts following an index case. A literature search for systematic reviews identified a single suitable review on chemoprophylaxis in 2004 (three studies meta-analysed). A search for primary research papers published since 2004 on chemoprophylaxis and without a date limit on vaccination was therefore undertaken. There were 2381 studies identified of which two additional studies met the inclusion criteria. The summary risk ratio for chemoprophylaxis vs. no chemoprophylaxis (four studies) in the 30-day period after a case was 0·16 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·04-0·64, P = 0·008]; the number needed to treat to prevent one subsequent case was 200 (95% CI 111-1000). A single quasi-randomized trial assessed the role of vaccination. The risk ratio for vaccination vs. no vaccination at 30 days was 0·11 (95% CI 0·01–2·07, P = 0·14). The results support the use of chemoprophylaxis to prevent subsequent cases of IMD in household contacts of a case. Conclusions about the use of vaccination could not be drawn.
Exploring the complexity of the childhood trait–psychopathology association: Continuity, pathoplasty, and complication effects
Authors: De Bolle Marleen , De Clercq Barbara , De Caluwé Elien , Verbeke Lize
Published: April 2015

Four different models have been generally proposed as plausible etiological explanations for the relation between personality and psychopathology, namely, the vulnerability, complication, pathoplasty, and spectrum or continuity model. The current study entails a joint investigation of the continuity, pathoplasty, and complication models to explain the nature of the associations between early maladaptive traits and psychopathology over time in 717 referred and community children (54.4% girls), aged from 8 to 14 years. Across a 2-year time span, maladaptive traits and psychopathology were measured at three different time points, thereby relying on comprehensive and age-specific dimensional operationalizations of both personality symptoms and psychopathology. The results demonstrate overall compelling evidence for the continuity model, finding more focused support for pathoplasty and complication effects for particular combinations of personality symptoms and psychopathology dimensions. As expected, the continuity associations were found to be more robust for those personality–psychopathology associations that are conceptually closer, such as the emotional instability/introversion–internalizing problems association and the disagreeableness–externalizing problems association. Continuity associations were also stronger when personality was considered from a maladaptive rather than from a general trait perspective. The implication of the findings for the treatment of psychopathology and personality symptoms are briefly discussed.
A propos de l’(in)définitude des noms d’événements complexes
Authors: KNITTEL MARIE LAURENCE
Published: April 2015

Ce travail est consacré aux articles introduisant les SN dont la tête est un nom d’événement complexe (Grimshaw, 1990). On montre d’abord que l’article défini qui, selon Grimshaw, est obligatoire avec ce type de noms, est dû à l’emploi de la construction possessive (Kayne, 1994; Zribi-Hertz, 1998), qui a pour propriété de légitimer l’article défini dès la première mention du nom. Or, le français autorise également l’indéfini avec certains NEC (une ventilation des locaux). Nous montrons que l’emploi de l’indéfini indique le caractère comptable du NEC, et signale que l’événement décrit est présenté sous l’aspect perfectif.
When the bi-directional Glenn is an unfavourable option: primary extracardiac inferior cavopulmonary connection as an alternative palliation
Authors: Dodge-Khatami Ali , Aggarwal Avichal , Taylor Mary B. , Maposa Douglas , Salazar Jorge D.
Published: April 2015

The superior cavopulmonary anastomosis – bi-directional Glenn – is the standard palliation for single ventricle physiology. When upper body systemic venous anatomic concerns such as superior caval vein stenosis, hypoplasia, or inadequate collateral tributaries are present, a Glenn may be precluded or have a high risk of poor outcome. A primary inferior cavopulmonary connection with an extracardiac conduit is an alternative palliation that provides a generous pathway for pulmonary blood flow, with the additional benefit of including hepatic venous return. We report a case of primary extracardiac inferior cavopulmonary connection in a patient unsuitable for Glenn, with successful post-operative outcome and early follow-up.
The Art and Science of Hubble's Images
Authors: Cowen Ron
Published: April 2015

How do Hubble images get their vivid colors and subtle shading?
Metagenomic and network analysis reveal wide distribution and co-occurrence of environmental antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Li Bing , Yang Ying , Ma Liping , Ju Feng , Guo Feng , Tiedje James M , Zhang Tong
Published: April 2015

A metagenomic approach and network analysis was used to investigate the wide-spectrum profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-occurrence patterns in 50 samples from 10 typical environments. In total, 260 ARG subtypes belonging to 18 ARG types were detected with an abundance range of 5.4 × 10−6–2.2 × 10−1 copy of ARG per copy of 16S-rRNA gene. The trend of the total ARG abundances in environments matched well with the levels of anthropogenic impacts on these environments. From the less impacted environments to the seriously impacted environments, the total ARG abundances increased up to three orders of magnitude, that is, from 3.2 × 10−3 to 3.1 × 100 copy of ARG per copy of 16S-rRNA gene. The abundant ARGs were associated with aminoglycoside, bacitracin, β-lactam, chloramphenicol, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, quinolone, sulphonamide and tetracycline, in agreement with the antibiotics extensively used in human medicine or veterinary medicine/promoters. The widespread occurrences and abundance variation trend of vancomycin resistance genes in different environments might imply the spread of vancomycin resistance genes because of the selective pressure resulting from vancomycin use. The simultaneous enrichment of 12 ARG types in adult chicken faeces suggests the coselection of multiple ARGs in this production system. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that samples belonging to the same environment generally possessed similar ARG compositions. Based on the co-occurrence pattern revealed by network analysis, tetM and aminoglycoside resistance protein, the hubs of the ARG network, are proposed to be indicators to quantitatively estimate the abundance of 23 other co-occurring ARG subtypes by power functions.
Metagenomic and lipid analyses reveal a diel cycle in a hypersaline microbial ecosystem
Authors: Andrade Karen , Logemann Jörn , Heidelberg Karla B , Emerson Joanne B , Comolli Luis R , Hug Laura A , Probst Alexander J , Keillar Angus , Thomas Brian C , Miller Christopher S , Allen Eric E , Moreau John W , Brocks Jochen J , Banfield Jillian F
Published: April 2015

Marine microbial communities experience daily fluctuations in light and temperature that can have important ramifications for carbon and nutrient cycling. Elucidation of such short time scale community-wide dynamics is hindered by system complexity. Hypersaline aquatic environments have lower species richness than marine environments and can be well-defined spatially, hence they provide a model system for diel cycle analysis. We conducted a 3-day time series experiment in a well-defined pool in hypersaline Lake Tyrrell, Australia. Microbial communities were tracked by combining cultivation-independent lipidomic, metagenomic and microscopy methods. The ratio of total bacterial to archaeal core lipids in the planktonic community increased by up to 58% during daylight hours and decreased by up to 32% overnight. However, total organism abundances remained relatively consistent over 3 days. Metagenomic analysis of the planktonic community composition, resolved at the genome level, showed dominance by Haloquadratum species and six uncultured members of the Halobacteriaceae. The post 0.8 μm filtrate contained six different nanohaloarchaeal types, three of which have not been identified previously, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy imaging confirmed the presence of small cells. Notably, these nano-sized archaea showed a strong diel cycle, with a pronounced increase in relative abundance over the night periods. We detected no eukaryotic algae or other photosynthetic primary producers, suggesting that carbon resources may derive from patchily distributed microbial mats at the sediment-water interface or from surrounding land. Results show the operation of a strong community-level diel cycle, probably driven by interconnected temperature, light abundance, dissolved oxygen concentration and nutrient flux effects.
Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling
Authors: Fauset Sophie , Johnson Michelle O. , Gloor Manuel , Baker Timothy R. , Monteagudo M. Abel , Brienen Roel J.W. , Feldpausch Ted R. , Lopez-Gonzalez Gabriela , Malhi Yadvinder , ter Steege Hans , Pitman Nigel C.A. , Baraloto Christopher , Engel Julien , Pétronelli Pascal , Andrade Ana , Camargo José Luís C. , Laurance Susan G.W. , Laurance William F. , Chave Jerôme , Allie Elodie , Vargas Percy Núñez , Terborgh John W. , Ruokolainen Kalle , Silveira Marcos , Aymard C. Gerardo A. , Arroyo Luzmila , Bonal Damien , Ramirez-Angulo Hirma , Araujo-Murakami Alejandro , Neill David , Hérault Bruno , Dourdain Aurélie , Torres-Lezama Armando , Marimon Beatriz S. , Salomão Rafael P. , Comiskey James A. , Réjou-Méchain Maxime , Toledo Marisol , Licona Juan Carlos , Alarcón Alfredo , Prieto Adriana , Rudas Agustín , van der Meer Peter J. , Killeen Timothy J. , Marimon Junior Ben-Hur , Poorter Lourens , Boot Rene G.A. , Stergios Basil , Torre Emilio Vilanova , Costa Flávia R.C. , Levis Carolina , Schietti Juliana , Souza Priscila , Groot Nikée , Arets Eric , Moscoso Victor Chama , Castro Wendeson , Coronado Euridice N. Honorio , Peña-Claros Marielos , Stahl Clement , Barroso Jorcely , Talbot Joey , Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães , van der Heijden Geertje , Thomas Raquel , Vos Vincent A. , Almeida Everton C. , Davila Esteban Álvarez , Aragão Luiz E.O.C. , Erwin Terry L. , Morandi Paulo S. , de Oliveira Edmar Almeida , Valadão Marco B.X. , Zagt Roderick J. , van der Hout Peter , Loayza Patricia Alvarez , Pipoly John J. , Wang Ophelia , Alexiades Miguel , Cerón Carlos E. , Huamantupa-Chuquimaco Isau , Di Fiore Anthony , Peacock Julie , Camacho Nadir C. Pallqui , Umetsu Ricardo K. , de Camargo Plínio Barbosa , Burnham Robyn J. , Herrera Rafael , Quesada Carlos A. , Stropp Juliana , Vieira Simone A. , Steininger Marc , Rodríguez Carlos Reynel , Restrepo Zorayda , Muelbert Adriane Esquivel , Lewis Simon L. , Pickavance Georgia C. , Phillips Oliver L.
Published: April 2015

While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few ‘hyperdominant’ species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region.
Diffusivity of the uncinate fasciculus in heroin users relates to their levels of anxiety
Authors: Wong N M L , Cheung S-H , Chan C C H , Zeng H , Liu Y-P , So K-F , Lee T M C
Published: April 2015

Heroin use is closely associated with emotional dysregulation, which may explain its high comorbidity with disorders such as anxiety and depression. However, the understanding of the neurobiological etiology of the association between heroin use and emotional dysregulation is limited. Previous studies have suggested an impact of heroin on diffusivity in white matter involving the emotional regulatory system, but the specificity of this finding remains to be determined. Therefore, this study investigated the association between heroin use and diffusivity of white matter tracts in heroin users and examined whether the tracts were associated with their elevated anxiety and depression levels. A sample of 26 right-handed male abstinent heroin users (25 to 42 years of age) and 32 matched healthy controls (19 to 55 years of age) was recruited for this study. Diffusion tensor imaging data were collected, and their levels of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Our findings indicated that heroin users exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression, but the heroin use-associated left uncinate fasciculus was only related to their anxiety level, suggesting that association between heroin and anxiety has an incremental organic basis but that for depression could be a threshold issue. This finding improves our understanding of heroin addiction and its comorbid affective disorder and facilitates future therapeutic development.
Modelling Schizophrenia: Strategies for Identifying Improved Platforms for Drug Discovery
Authors: Waddington John L. , O’Tuathaigh Colm M. P.
Published: April 2015

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by a variety of perceptual, motivational, and cognitive deficits, and is caused by the complex interplay of both genetic and environmental factors. The boundaries of this diagnostic category are arbitrary and likely to reflect the intersection of several domains of psychopathology found in psychotic illness. The failure to consistently replicate associations between susceptibility gene candidates and schizophrenia, as well as the absence of a clear neuropathological signature, has limited the capacity to generate and validate preclinical models that reflect the underlying pathobiology of the disorder. However, studies indicate that mice with either constitutive or conditional single risk gene mutations have the potential to both identify gene–phenotype, gene × environment [G × E]–phenotype, and gene × gene–phenotype relationships, and inform on the molecular mechanisms that underlie these relationships.
Phase behavior of skin lipid mixtures: the effect of cholesterol on lipid organization
Authors: Mojumdar E. H. , Gooris G. S. , Bouwstra J. A.
Published: April 2015

The lipid matrix in thestratum corneum(SC), the upper layer of the skin, plays a critical role in the skin barrier.
Biosourced mesoporous carbon with embedded palladium nanoparticles by a one pot soft-template synthesis: application to Suzuki reactions
Authors: Peter Clovis , Derible Antoine , Becht Jean-Michel , Kiener Julien , Le Drian Claude , Parmentier Julien , Fierro Vanessa , Girleanu Maria , Ersen Ovidiu
Published: April 2015

Tannin-based mesoporous carbons embedding palladium nanoparticles synthesized by a one pot soft-template route present an excellent catalytic activity for Suzuki reactions.
Enhancement of cancer specific delivery using ultrasound active bio-originated particles
Authors: Yoon Young Il , Ju Kook Yun , Cho Hee-Sang , Yu Kyeong Nam , Lee Jae Jun , Ahn Gook Jun , Lee Soo-Hong , Cho Myung Haing , Lee Hak Jong , Lee Jin-Kyu , Yoon Tae-Jong
Published: April 2015

A bio-available microbubble, liposome, and Fe3+ chelated melanin nanoparticle complex with a dual ultrasound and T1-w magnetic resonance imaging modality has been synthesized for the specific targeting of cancer cells.
Sustainable synthesis of a catalytic active one-dimensional lanthanide–organic coordination polymer
Authors: Mendes Ricardo F. , Silva Patrícia , Antunes Margarida M. , Valente Anabela A. , Almeida Paz Filipe A.
Published: April 2015

Rationalization of the synthetic conditions allowed the predictable fast sustainable preparation of [La2(H3nmp)2(H2O)4]·4.5H2O having a 1D coordination polymer.
The cascade synthesis of quinazolinones and quinazolines using an α-MnO2 catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wang Min , Zhang Chaofeng , Zhang Zhixin , Lu Jianmin , Wang Feng
Published: April 2015

Heterogeneously catalyzed synthesis of quinazolinones or quinazolines is reported in this study.
Challenges of modelling real nanoparticles: Ni@Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ramos-Sanchez G. , Praserthdam S. , Godinez-Salomon F. , Barker C. , Moerbe M. , Calderon H. A. , Lartundo L. A. , Leyva M. A. , Solorza-Feria O. , Balbuena P. B.
Published: April 2015

Core–shell nanoparticle properties strongly dependent on cluster size and composition.
Wavelength-selective cleavage of photoprotecting groups: strategies and applications in dynamic systems
Authors: Hansen Mickel J. , Velema Willem A. , Lerch Michael M. , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L.
Published: April 2015

Wavelength-selective deprotection is an attractive method to control multiple functions in one system using light.
Facile structure design based on C3N4for mediator-free Z-scheme water splitting under visible light
Authors: Zhao Guixia , Huang Xiubing , Fina Federica , Zhang Guan , Irvine John T. S.
Published: April 2015

A mediator-free Z-scheme overall water splitting photocatalyst system is achieved through the use of C3N4(H2generation catalyst) and WO3(O2generation catalyst) composite from a hydrothermal method, and Pt as co-catalyst under visible light (λ> 420 nm).
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on Co/AlSBA-15: effects of hydrophilicity of supports on cobalt dispersion and product distributions
Authors: Cho Jae Min , Ahn Chang Il , Pang Changhyun , Bae Jong Wook
Published: April 2015

The increased C2–C4selectivity on the Co/AlSBA-15 was mainly attributed to the formation of small cobalt particles with a stronger metal–support interaction on the outer surface acid sites of the AlSBA-15 due to a higher hydrophilicity of the Al-incorporated SBA-15.
Correction: Simple hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous spinel NiCo2O4 nanoparticles and their catalytic behavior in CH3OH electro-oxidation and H2O2 electro-reduction
Authors: Ding Rui , Qi Li , Jia Mingjun , Wang Hongyu
Published: April 2015

Correction for ‘Simple hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous spinel NiCo2O4 nanoparticles and their catalytic behavior in CH3OH electro-oxidation and H2O2 electro-reduction’ by Rui Ding et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2013, 3, 3207–3215.
Exceptionally rapid CO release from a manganese(i) tricarbonyl complex derived from bis(4-chloro-phenylimino)acenaphthene upon exposure to visible light
Authors: Carrington Samantha J. , Chakraborty Indranil , Mascharak Pradip K.
Published: April 2015

Both in solid state and in solution, the manganese carbonyl complex [MnBr(CO)3(BIAN)] rapidly releases CO upon illumination with visible light. This complex could find use in delivery of rapid flux of CO to biological targets.
A stepwise assembly of a molecular box from 16-electron half-sandwich precursors [Cp*M(pdt)] (M = Rh, Ir)
Authors: Liu Jing-Jing , Lin Yue-Jian , Jin Guo-Xin
Published: April 2015

The coordinatively unsaturated 16-electron half-sandwich precursors [Cp*M(pdt)] (M = Rh and Ir, pdt = pyrazine-2,3-dithiol) have been synthesized. Their bridging and unsaturated attributes are further used in stepwise assembly reactions with binuclear blocks to give a closed molecular box.
Synthesis and characterization of group 4 metal alkoxide complexes containing imine based bis-bidentate ligands: effective catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of lactides, epoxides and polymerization of ethylene
Authors: Roymuhury Sagnik K. , Chakraborty Debashis , Ramkumar Venkatachalam
Published: April 2015

A series of group 4 complexes containing imine based bis-bidentate ligands were synthesized and used as catalysts for various polymerizations.
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with mixed micellar mobile phases of Brij-35 and sodium dodecyl sulphate: a method for the analysis of basic compounds
Authors: Ruiz-Angel M. J. , Peris-García E. , García-Alvarez-Coque M. C.
Published: April 2015

Mixed micellar systems of Brij-35 and sodium dodecyl sulphate without an organic solvent allow the analysis of polar and moderately polar basic compounds, giving rise to a type of more sustainable RPLC.
Predicting genetic interactions from Boolean models of biological networks
Authors: Calzone Laurence , Barillot Emmanuel , Zinovyev Andrei
Published: April 2015

The network representation of the cell fate decision model (Calzoneet al., 2010) is used to generate a genetic interaction network for the apoptosis phenotype. Most genetic interactions are epistatic, single nonmonotonic, and additive (Dreeset al., 2005).
Dimer-on-mirror SERS substrates with attogram sensitivity fabricated by colloidal lithography
Authors: Hakonen Aron , Svedendahl Mikael , Ogier Robin , Yang Zhong-Jian , Lodewijks Kristof , Verre Ruggero , Shegai Timur , Andersson Per Ola , Käll Mikael
Published: April 2015

Nanoplasmonic substrates with optimized field-enhancement properties is a key component in the continued development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) molecular analysis but are challenging to produce inexpensively in large scale.
A new reversal mode in exchange coupled antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic disks: distorted viscous vortex
Authors: Gilbert Dustin A. , Ye Li , Varea Aïda , Agramunt-Puig Sebastià , del Valle Nuria , Navau Carles , López-Barbera José Francisco , Buchanan Kristen S. , Hoffmann Axel , Sánchez Alvar , Sort Jordi , Liu Kai , Nogués Josep
Published: April 2015

Ferromagnetic dots coupled to a thin antiferromagnet reverseviaa distorted viscous vortex state.
Fluorinated hydroxypiperidines as selective β-glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Le Guen Clothilde , Mena-Barragán Teresa , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Gueyrard David , Pfund Emmanuel , Lequeux Thierry
Published: April 2015

Synthesis and glucosidase inhibitory activity of piperidines revealed a reverse selectivity between F- and H-alkenes.
Biofunction-assisted aptasensors based on ligand-dependent 3′ processing of a suppressor tRNA in a wheat germ extract
Authors: Ogawa Atsushi , Tabuchi Junichiro
Published: April 2015

We developed a novel type of biofunction-assisted aptasensor that utilizes ligand-dependent maturation of a suppressor tRNA probe and the subsequent expression of a reporter gene in a wheat germ extract.
Effect of phenolic compounds on the oxidative stability of ground walnuts and almonds
Authors: Salcedo Cecilia L. , Nazareno Mónica A.
Published: April 2015

This study reports the shift of phenolic compound role from antioxidant to prooxidant in the thermal oxidation of ground walnuts and almonds.
Synthesis and characterization of new hydrodesulphurization Co–Mo catalysts supported on calcined and pyrolyzed bone
Authors: Yazdani M. Emami , Monjezi B. H. , Mokfi M. , Bozorgzadeh H. , Gil A. , Ghiaci M.
Published: April 2015

A series of cobalt–molybdenum catalysts supported on calcined bone (hydroxyapatite, HAP) and pyrolyzed bone (hydroxyapatite–carbon, HAP–C) have been prepared by an impregnation method.
Aluminatesulfonic acid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and application as a new and recyclable nanocatalyst for the Biginelli and Biginelli-like condensations
Authors: Nasr-Esfahani Masoud , Taei Mahbube
Published: April 2015

A new, efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst, aluminatesulfonic acid, was prepared and used as a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of a variety of Biginelli and Biginelli-like products under solvent-free conditions.
BSA capped Au nanoparticle as an efficient sensitizer for glioblastoma tumor radiation therapy
Authors: Chen Na , Yang Weitao , Bao Yun , Xu Hualin , Qin Songbing , Tu Yu
Published: April 2015

Radiation therapy has shown encouraging treatment efficacy on many types of tumors.
Constructing a zwitterionic ultrafiltration membrane surface via multisite anchorage for superior long-term antifouling properties
Authors: Zhu Junao , Su Yanlei , Zhao Xueting , Li Yafei , Zhang Runnan , Fan Xiaochen , Ma Yanyan , Liu Yuan , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: April 2015

A novel zwitterionic membrane surface was constructed which exhibited stable antifouling ability by the formation of multisite anchorage covalent bonds.
A new method to determine the new C-Met inhibitor “Cabozantinib” in dosage form and human plasma via micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetry
Authors: Darwish Hany W. , Abdelhameed Ali S. , Bakheit Ahmed H. , Alanazi Amer M.
Published: April 2015

A highly sensitive and simple micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of cabozantinib (CBZ) in its pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma without any derivatization.
Fabrication of intelligent poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/silver nanoparticle composite films with dynamic surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhao Xiaomei , Zhang Yan , Zhang Wenqi , Ren Tianrui , Chen Zhihong , Wang Feng , Yang Haifeng
Published: April 2015

An intelligent PNIPAAm/AgNP composite film with dynamic SERS effect was fabricated by the simple assembly of silver nanoparticles on the surface of photo-polymerized PNIPAAm filmviaelectrostatic interaction.
Introduction of α-MnO2nanosheets to NH2graphene to remove Cr6+from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhang Li , Tian Yaxi , Guo Yaopeng , Gao Hui , Li Haizhen , Yan Shiqiang
Published: April 2015

The planar structure of the designed α-MnO2–NH2–RGO hybrid was prepared and characterized and used to remove hexavalent chromium ions (Cr6+) from aqueous solutions.
Environmentally benign bio-inspired synthesis of Au nanoparticles, their self-assembly and agglomeration
Authors: Raliya Ramesh , Biswas Pratim
Published: April 2015

The synthesis and characterization of stable gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from gold chloride in soluble protein extracts of tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) leaves is demonstrated.
Influence of earth-abundant bimetallic (Fe–Ni) nanoparticle-embedded CNFs as a low-cost counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Saranya K. , Subramania A. , Sivasankar N.
Published: April 2015

Earth-abundant bimetallic (Fe–Ni) nanoparticle-embedded carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been prepared by electrospinning technique and used as counter electrode (CE) material for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Fabrication of superhydrophobic thin films on various substrates using SiO2 nanoparticles coated with polydimethylsiloxane: towards the development of shielding layers for gas sensors
Authors: Park Eun Ji , Kim Bo Ra , Park Dae Keun , Han Sang Wook , Kim Dae Han , Yun Wan Soo , Kim Young Dok
Published: April 2015

Superhydrophobic membranes with high gas permeability were prepared and characterized.
Control interfacial properties and tensile strength of glass fibre/PP composites by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) chains on glass fibre surface
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Hao Bin , Zhang Yagang
Published: April 2015

The interfacial adhesion increased as the grafted PEG chains became longer.
Fabrication of highly durable hydrophobic PBZ/SiO2 surfaces
Authors: Parveen A. Shakila , Thirukumaran P. , Sarojadevi M.
Published: April 2015

PBZ/Si nanohybrids possessing both hydrophobic character and good thermo-mechanical properties have been prepared and discussed in this paper. H-bonding interactions play an important role in enhancing the properties of PBZ/Si hybrids.
Rabbit ears concepts of water lone pairs: a reply to comments of Hiberty, Danovich, and Shaik
Authors: Clauss A. D. , Ayoub M. , Moore J. W. , Landis C. R. , Weinhold F.
Published: April 2015

We respond to recent comments (Hibertyet al., 2015) on our earlier article (Clausset al., 2014) concerning “rabbit ears” depictions of lone pair orbitals in water and other species.
Folic acid–polydopamine nanofibers show enhanced ordered-stacking via π–π interactions
Authors: Fan Hailong , Yu Xiang , Liu Yang , Shi Zujin , Liu Huihui , Nie Zongxiu , Wu Decheng , Jin Zhaoxia
Published: April 2015

Hybrid nanofibers of polydopamine and folic acid show strong π–π interactions because of the existence of cyclic tetramers, which were observed in MALDI-TOF MS characterizations. The strong interaction between these oligomers in FA–PDA nanofibers promotes the formation of large domains with graphite-like ordered-stacking.
Black nanostructured Nb2O5 with improved solar absorption and enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Cui Houlei , Zhu Guilian , Xie Yian , Zhao Wei , Yang Chongyin , Lin Tianquan , Gu Hui , Huang Fuqiang
Published: April 2015

Oxygen-deficient black Nb2O5 nanochannels are successfully prepared, and studied as efficient photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting for the first time.
New aspects in bis and tris(dipyrrinato)metal complexes: bright luminescence, self-assembled nanoarchitectures, and materials applications
Authors: Sakamoto Ryota , Iwashima Toshiki , Tsuchiya Mizuho , Toyoda Ryojun , Matsuoka Ryota , Kögel Julius F. , Kusaka Shinpei , Hoshiko Ken , Yagi Toshiki , Nagayama Tatsuhiro , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: April 2015

This review summarizes recent progress in bis and tris(dipyrrinato)metal complexes, focusing on luminescence intensification, supramolecules and nanostructures, and materials applications.
Self-assembled wafer-like porous NaTi2(PO4)3 decorated with hierarchical carbon as a high-rate anode for aqueous rechargeable sodium batteries
Authors: Zhao Baidan , Wang Qiuyue , Zhang Sen , Deng Chao
Published: April 2015

Wafer-like porous NaTi2(PO4)3/C composite decorated by hierarchical carbon exhibits superior high rate capability and cycling stability as an anode in aqueous rechargeable sodium battery.
Fabrication of polymer brush surfaces with highly-ordered perfluoroalkyl side groups at the brush end and their antibiofouling properties
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Xiang , Cao Xinyu , Xu Jianquan , Zuo Biao , Zhang Li , Wang Xinping , Yang Juping , Yao Yanqing
Published: April 2015

The protein-resistant performance was enhanced greatly by constructing a polymer brush surface with perfectly close-packed perfluoroalkyl groups.
Effects of fluorination on the electrochromic performance of benzothiadiazole-based donor–acceptor copolymers
Authors: Neo Wei Teng , Ong Kok Haw , Lin Ting Ting , Chua Soo-Jin , Xu Jianwei
Published: April 2015

Fluorination of electron acceptors in donor–acceptor type conjugated polymers leads to a substantial enhancement in the long-term redox stability of electrochromic devices.
Reliable transformerless battery energy storage systems based on cascade dual‐boost/buck converters
Authors: Liu Chuang , Kan Jiankun , Zhi Yuemei , Li Wei , Sun Jiajun , Cai Guowei , Wang Jianyuan
Published: April 2015

In this study, the cascade dual‐boost/buck half‐bridge and full‐bridge bidirectional ac–dc converters are proposed for grid‐tie transformerless battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The proposed converter contains the advantages of the traditional cascade H‐bridge (CHB) converter. However, compared with CHB converter, there is no shoot‐through issue in the proposed converter, which is more reliable for BESS. In addition, a unified control scheme is proposed for active‐power control and individual state‐of‐charge‐balancing control of BESS, which is very modular and easy to implement. At the end, a laboratory BESS is constructed and tested combining a cascade two‐unit dual‐boost/buck half‐bridge converter with nine lead–acid series‐connected battery units. Experimental results obtained from the laboratory system verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed BESS and unified control scheme.