bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of polar phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil by NIR and mid‐IR spectroscopy and their impact on quality
Authors: Mora‐Ruiz Maria Eugenia , Reboredo‐Rodríguez Patricia , Salvador Maria Desamparados , González‐Barreiro Carmen , Cancho‐Grande Beatriz , Simal‐Gándara Jesús , Fregapane Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

Chemometric analyses of near‐ (NIR) and middle‐infrared (mid‐IR) spectroscopy spectral data (12 500–4000 cm−1 and 4000–400 cm−1) by Partial Least Square (PLS) regression combined with analytical determination of polar phenolic compounds measured by HPLC in different varieties, geographical origin and marketplace categories olive oils—Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) “Montes de Toledo”; Galician; high quality extra virgin (“Gourmet”/“Premium”); and commercial extra virgin and olive oils—were used to generate calibration and validation models in order to be able to predict the content and profile of these minor compounds, and thereby the quality of the product. Satisfactory multivariate test set validation algorithms were obtained for virgin olive oil (VOO)'s total polar phenolic (TPP) compounds (r = 0.91), hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol secoiridoid derivatives (HtyrSec, TyrSec; r = 0.91 and 0.92, respectively). Contrary to NIRS, the chemometric analysis of the mid‐IR spectra gave no satisfactory validation models (r = 0.43, 0.54, and 0.66 for HtyrSec, TyrSec, and TPP), despite that the calibration algorithms gave even higher correlation than NIRS (r > 0.96 for all the polar phenolics studied).

Practical applications:

The results establish that NIRS is a very useful technique that allows rapid screening of VOO samples to estimate polar phenolic profile, and thereby their quality and commercial grade. Furthermore, it may give real time information about olive oil composition during processing in order to automatically control technological parameters.

NIRS is a very useful technique that allows rapid screening of VOO samples to estimate polar phenolic profile, and thereby their quality and commercial grade.
Pistachio oil: A review on its chemical composition, extraction systems, and uses
Authors: Catalán Luis , Alvarez‐Ortí Manuel , Pardo‐Giménez Arturo , Gómez Ricado , Rabadán Adrián , Pardo José E.
Published: October 2016

Pistachio is one of the preferred nuts worldwide due to the health benefits associated to its consumption. It contains 50–62% of oil that can be extracted with different methods: organic solvents, supercritical fluids, and pressure systems. The most common extraction methods to obtain virgin pistachio oils are the pressure methods (screw press or hydraulic press). Although slight variations can be found in the oil depending on the system used, the pistachio oil is characterized by the richness in unsaturated fatty acids. It also contains a high proportion of sterols compared to other nut oils, and exhibits a high antioxidant capacity. It can be used in many ways as a gourmet ingredient in the food industry and also in the cosmetic industry.

Practical applications: Pistachio oil is a valuable product from the gastronomy point of view. Knowledge on the extraction process conditions may help to produce high quality oils with minimal losses in its nutritional value, and increase the organoleptic properties, maintaining the health benefits associated to its consumption.

Changes in the extraction process conditions may originate changes in the organoleptic characteristics of pistachio oil. Thus, the modification of the extraction conditions may lead to the elaboration of different products that fit the consumers’ preferences.
Production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enriched loin and dry cured ham from pigs fed algae: Nutritional and sensory quality
Authors: Vossen Els , Raes Katleen , Van Mullem Danny , De Smet Stefaan
Published: October 2016

Dry cured hams and loins enriched with the long‐chain n‐3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were produced using three doses of algae in the diet of pigs: 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 g algae/100 g feed. Two control treatments were included: A diet containing soybean oil and a linseed oil diet high in alpha‐linolenic acid. Loins from the algae treatments contained 10–20 mg of DHA/100 g and the dry cured hams 25–56 mg DHA/100 g, which was significantly higher compared to the linseed oil treatment (4.3 mg DHA/100 g loin and 9.1 mg DHA/100 g dry cured ham) and the soybean oil treatment (2.4 mg DHA/100 g loin and 4.5 mg DHA/100 g dry cured ham). No significant differences were found among treatments for the consumer sensory analysis of the dry cured hams. The volatile compound 2‐penten‐1‐ol was 2.7‐fold higher in dry cured hams from the animals fed 1.2 g/100 g algae compared to the soybean oil treatment and 1.5‐fold higher compared to the linseed oil treatment. The dry cured hams from all algae treatments had about 1.2‐fold higher TBARS values (lipid oxidation) compared to the control treatments. The color stability and instrumental texture parameters were affected by the algae treatments, while the color and lipid stability of the loins were not affected.

Practical applications: The positive health effects of C20:5n‐3 (EPA) and C22:6n‐3 (DHA) are generally recognized and appear to be greater than for their precursor C18:3n‐3. Incorporation of ingredients rich in long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC PUFA) in livestock feeds results in the accumulation of these fatty acids in the intramuscular and subcutaneous fat of the animals and in the derived meat products. Present knowledge of the nutritional and sensory quality of pork products enriched with EPA and DHA from algae is of importance when commercialising entire carcasses of pigs fed an n‐3 LC PUFA enriched feed, as the major part of a pig carcass is processed into various meat products.

Dry cured hams and loins enriched with the long‐chain n‐3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were produced using three doses of algae in the diet of pigs: 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 g algae/100 g feed (respectively, ALG0.3, ALG0.6, and ALG1.2). Two control treatments were included: a diet containing soybean oil (SOY) and a linseed oil diet high in alpha‐linolenic acid (LIN).
Antioxidant activity of deodorizer distillate fractions in rapeseed oil
Authors: Oehlke Kathleen , Harbaum‐Piayda Britta , Meyer Florian , Eggers Rudolf , Schwarz Karin
Published: October 2016

Fractions of rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate containing vinylsyringol and its dimer, which are degradation products of sinapic acid, and other phenolic compounds were investigated for their potential use as antioxidants in refined rapeseed oil. Vinylsysringol, vinylsyringol dimer (VSD), and sinapic acid could effectively inhibit the formation of hydroperoxides, propanal, and hexanal in rapeseed oil triglycerides during storage at 40°C in the dark and at 25°C under light. In the presence of tocopherol, the addition of VSD increased the oxidative stability considerably at low tocopherol concentrations (25 μM) and if the VSD concentration was 10–20 times as high as the tocopherol concentration. The addition of polyphenolic rich fractions of the deodorizer distillate to commercial rapeseed oil resulted in slightly accelerated lipid oxidation in the dark at 40°C but did not influence the formation of hydroperoxides under light at 25°C.

Practical applications: This study does not give any implications to change the process conditions during refining in a way that VSD would be removed from the oil. On the other hand, the fractions could be added for their positive health effects or as flavouring in savory products without jeopardizing the storage stability of the oil.

Fractions of rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate rich in phenolic compounds were investigated for their potential use as antioxidants in rapeseed oil. The isolated compounds effectively inhibited lipid oxidation in the dark and under light. In the presence of tocopherol, the addition of the dimer increased the oxidative stability considerably at low tocopherol and high vinly syringol dimer concentrations. The addition of polyphenolic rich fractions of the deodorizer distillate to commercial rapeseed oil resulted in slightly accelerated lipid oxidation in the dark at 40°C but did not influence the formation of hydroperoxides under light at 25°C.
Rapid labeling of amino acid neurotransmitters with a fluorescent thiol in the presence of o‐phthalaldehyde
Authors: Maddukuri Naveen , Zhang Qiyang , Zhang Ning , Gong Maojun
Published: October 2016

LIF detection often requires labeling of analytes with fluorophores; and fast fluorescent derivatization is valuable for high‐throughput analysis with flow‐gated CE. Here, we report a fast fluorescein‐labeling scheme for amino acid neurotransmitters, which were then rapidly separated and detected in flow‐gated CE. This scheme was based on the reaction between primary amines and o‐phthalaldehyde in the presence of a fluorescent thiol, 2‐((5‐fluoresceinyl)aminocarbonyl)ethyl mercaptan (FACE‐SH). The short reaction time (<30 s) was suited for on‐line mixing and derivatization that was directly coupled with flow‐gated CE for rapid electrophoretic separation and sensitive LIF detection. To maintain the effective concentration of reactive FACE‐SH, Tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine was added to the derivatization reagents to prevent thiol loss due to oxidation. This labeling scheme was applied to the detection of neurotransmitters by coupling in vitro microdialysis with online derivatization and flow‐gated CE. It is also anticipated that this fluorophore tagging scheme would be valuable for on‐chip labeling of proteins retained on support in SPE.
Novel mouse model recapitulates genome and transcriptome alterations in human colorectal carcinomas
Authors: McNeil Nicole E. , Padilla‐Nash Hesed M. , Buishand Floryne O. , Hue Yue , Ried Thomas
Published: October 2016

Human colorectal carcinomas are defined by a nonrandom distribution of genomic imbalances that are characteristic for this disease. Often, these imbalances affect entire chromosomes. Understanding the role of these aneuploidies for carcinogenesis is of utmost importance. Currently, established transgenic mice do not recapitulate the pathognonomic genome aberration profile of human colorectal carcinomas. We have developed a novel model based on the spontaneous transformation of murine colon epithelial cells. During this process, cells progress through stages of pre‐immortalization, immortalization and, finally, transformation, and result in tumors when injected into immunocompromised mice. We analyzed our model for genome and transcriptome alterations using ArrayCGH, spectral karyotyping (SKY), and array based gene expression profiling. ArrayCGH revealed a recurrent pattern of genomic imbalances. These results were confirmed by SKY. Comparing these imbalances with orthologous maps of human chromosomes revealed a remarkable overlap. We observed focal deletions of the tumor suppressor genes Trp53 and Cdkn2a/p16. High‐level focal genomic amplification included the locus harboring the oncogene Mdm2, which was confirmed by FISH in the form of double minute chromosomes. Array‐based global gene expression revealed distinct differences between the sequential steps of spontaneous transformation. Gene expression changes showed significant similarities with human colorectal carcinomas. Pathways most prominently affected included genes involved in chromosomal instability and in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Our novel mouse model therefore recapitulates the most prominent genome and transcriptome alterations in human colorectal cancer, and might serve as a valuable tool for understanding the dynamic process of tumorigenesis, and for preclinical drug testing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CFD Analysis of Steady Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer from a Pin Finned Isothermal Vertical Plate
Authors: Sahoo L. K. , Roul M. K. , Swain R. K.
Published: October 2016

Heat transfer behavior with both the conductive and nonconductive fins have been analyzed by examining variations of the local and average Nusselt numbers in two‐dimensional flow. The main objective of this study is to quantify and compare the natural convection heat transfer enhancement of fin array with different fin aspect ratio and at different angles of inclination. It is found that significant heat transfer augmentation is obtained for both conductive and nonconductive fins. For conductive fins 20% higher augmentation factor is obtained when the fin aspect ratio is 6, angle of inclination is 60° and the pitch‐to‐length ratio is 0.2. For nonconductive fins, 10% higher augmentation factor is obtained when fin aspect ratio is 8, angle of inclination is 45° and pitch‐to‐length ratio at 0.5. A general correlation has been developed to predict the average Nusselt number and heat transfer augmentation factor for conductive and nonconductive fin arrays as a function of different fin configurations.
The Future of Structural Chemistry Nucleates in the Present
Authors: Braga Dario
Published: October 2016

A personal view of nearly four decades of structural chemistry is presented. The rise of molecular crystal engineering as an independent cross‐disciplinary field of research at the intersection of crystallography with supramolecular chemistry and solid‐state reactivity is discussed in light of the development of theoretical and instrumental tools and the need for novel molecular materials. The exchange of ideas and experience within the structural chemistry community has played a fundamental role in reaching the present high level of understanding of the factors that control crystal formation and stability. Crystal‐oriented synthetic strategies, including solvent‐free mechanochemical methods, have been developed, as well as screening methods and computational approaches. Some drawbacks and limitations are also discussed. The wealth of multiple crystal forms, from single‐molecule crystals to solvates, co‐crystals, salts and ionic co‐crystals, and their polymorphs, is both an open challenge to the crystal engineering paradigm and a source of discovery and innovation.
Prediction of B Cell Epitopes Among Hantavirus Strains Causing Hemorragic Fever With Renal Syndrome
Authors: Kalaiselvan Sagadevan , Sankar Sathish , Ramamurthy Mageshbabu , Ghosh Asit Ranjan , Nandagopal Balaji , Sridharan Gopalan
Published: October 2016

Hantavirus infections are now recognized to be a global problem. The hantaviruses include several genotypic variants of the virus with different distributions in varying geographical regions. The virus genotypes seem to segregate in association with certain manifestations specific for each syndrome. They primarily include HFRS, HCPS, febrile illness with or without mild involvement of renal diseases. In the course of our study on hantavirus etiology of febrile illnesses, we recovered a hantavirus strain identified by nPCR. This has been sequenced to be Hantaan‐like virus (partial S segment). The current manuscript is focused on understanding the N protein coded by S segment in terms of variation of amino acid sequences of the virus genotypes associated with HFRS. The diagnosis of this infection is achieved by PCR testing of serum/plasma or demonstration of IgM/IgG in serum. The limitations of PCR are temporal often not positive after 7 days of onset of infection. IgM detection is possible around this period and up to 21 days. IgG detection is less definitive in acute infections. Here, we report characterization of the sequence diversity of HFRS strains, 3D structure of Hantaan N protein, and B‐cell epitopes on this molecule. We predicted a 20 amino acid sequence length peptide by using BepiPred online server in IEDB analysis resource program. We suggest this peptide may be used for development of geographic region‐specific immunoassays like EIAs for antibody detection, monoclonal antibody development, and immunoblots (line immunoassay). J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1182–1188, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological Fluid Flow Moderates Fibroblast Responses to TGF‐β1
Authors: Nithiananthan Sadhvi , Crawford Aileen , Knock Johnathan Cooper , Lambert Daniel W. , Whawell Simon A.
Published: October 2016

Fibroblasts are the major cellular component of connective tissue and experience mechanical perturbations due to matrix remodelling and interstitial fluid movement. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) can promote differentiation of fibroblasts in vitro to a contractile myofibroblastic phenotype characterised by the presence of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) rich stress fibres. To study the role of mechanical stimulation in this process, we examined the response of primary human fibroblasts to physiological levels of fluid movement and its influence on fibroblast differentiation and responses to TGF‐β1. We reported that in both oral and dermal fibroblasts, physiological levels of fluid flow induced widespread changes in gene expression compared to static cultures, including up‐regulation of genes associated with TGFβ signalling and endocytosis. TGF‐β1, activin A and markers of myofibroblast differentiation including α‐SMA and collagen IA1 were also increased by flow but surprisingly the combination of flow and exogenous TGF‐β1 resulted in reduced differentiation. Our findings suggest this may result from enhanced internalisation of caveolin and TGF‐β receptor II. These findings suggest that a) low levels of fluid flow induce myofibroblast differentiation and b) fluid flow antagonises the fibroblast response to pro‐differentiation signals such as TGF‐β1. We propose that this may be a novel mechanism by which mechanical forces buffer responses to chemical signals in vivo, maintaining a context‐specific fibroblast phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 878–890, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retracted: New collaborative platform for managing users in using the spectrum bands on cognitive radio networks
Authors: Kiani Farzad
Published: October 2016

Cognitive (or smart) Radio Networks (CRNs) are an innovative approach to wireless engineering in which radios are designed with an unprecedented level of intelligence and agility. The CRNs have imperative component as called spectrum sensing. These networks can enable the secondary users (SUs) for reusing or detecting of idle spectrum bands through this component. This paper proposes a new collaborative platform of this spectrum to employ in resource‐constrained CRNs. In this case, each SU has a certain transmission cost that it is subtracted from a limited resource budget. Deciding and managing of licensed SUs that can transmit without exceeding the resource budget is the paper goal. To handle of a wide variety of resources the proposed schema creates a general platform. These resources can be limited data rate, limited tolerable interference, etc. This platform is based on modeling the CRN as a normal graph. Our simulation results show that the proposed platform has many advantageous features such as achieving fairness amongst SUs, reasonable amount of message exchange, favoring SUs that have reliable connectivity with the Primary User (PU), in addition to high detection rate.
Predictors of knee joint loading after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Wellsandt Elizabeth , Khandha Ashutosh , Manal Kurt , Axe Michael J. , Buchanan Thomas S. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn
Published: October 2016

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury results in altered knee joint mechanics which frequently continue even after ACL reconstruction. The persistence of altered mechanical loading of the knee is of concern due to its likely role in the development of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). Joint contact forces are associated with post‐traumatic OA development, but evaluation of factors influencing the magnitude of contact forces after ACL injury is needed to advance current strategies aimed at preventing post‐traumatic OA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of knee joint contact forces after ACL reconstruction. Thirty athletes completed standard gait analysis with surface electromyography 6 months after ACL reconstruction. An electromyographic‐driven musculoskeletal model was used to estimate joint contact forces. External knee adduction moment was a significant predictor of medial compartment contact forces in both limbs, while vertical ground reaction force and co‐contraction only contributed significantly in the uninvolved limb. The large influence of the knee adduction moment on joint contact forces provides mechanistic clues to understanding the mechanical pathway of post‐traumatic OA after ACL injury.

Statement of Clinical Significance: This study provides critical information in improving the understanding of mechanisms influencing the development of post‐traumatic OA after ACL injury. Further work is needed to identify additional driving factors of joint loading in the ACL‐injured limb and develop treatment strategies to avert the deleterious consequences of post‐traumatic OA. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:651–656, 2017.
Using an enzymatic galactose assay to detect lactose glycation extents of two proteins caseinate and soybean protein isolate via the Maillard reaction
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Peng , Zhao Xin‐Huai
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Glycation of food proteins via the Maillard reaction has been widely studied in the recent years; however, the amount of saccharide connected to proteins is usually not determined. An enzymatic galactose assay was proposed firstly in this study to detect lactose glycation extents of caseinate and soybean protein isolate (SPI) during the Maillard reaction at two temperatures and different times.

RESULTS

The separated glycated proteins were hydrolysed to release galactose necessary for the enzymatic assay and glycation calculation. Caseinate and SPI both obtained the highest lactose glycation extents at 100 °C or 121 °C by a reaction time of 180 or 20 min. Short‐ and long‐time reaction resulted in lower glycation extents. During the reaction, three chemical indices (absorbences at 294/490 nm and fluorescence intensities) of reaction mixtures increased continually, but another index reactable NH2 of glycated proteins showed the opposite trend. In general, changing profiles of the four indices were inconsistent with those profiles of lactose glycation extents of glycated proteins, implying practical limitation of the four indices in studies.

CONCLUSION

This proposed enzymatic assay could directly detect lactose glycation of the two proteins, and thus was more useful than the four chemical indices to monitor glycation of the two proteins. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of different agricultural wastes for the production of fruiting bodies and bioactive compounds by medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Lin Qunying , Long Liangkun , Wu Liangliang , Zhang Fenglun , Wu Shuling , Zhang Weiming , Sun Xiaoming
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

In commercial production of Cordyceps militaris (a famous Chinese medicine), cereal grains are usually utilized as cultivation substrates. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of agricultural wastes as substitute materials in the low‐cost production of C. militaris. Cottonseed shells (CS), corn cob particles (CCP), Italian poplar sawdusts (IPS) and substrates spent by Flammulina velutipes (SS) were employed to cultivate C. militaris, using rice medium as control.

RESULTS

CS and CCP were suitable for fruit body formation of C. militaris, with yields of 22 and 20 g per bottle respectively. Fruit bodies grown on CCP showed the highest levels of cordycepin and adenosine, up to 9.45 and 5.86 mg g−1 respectively. The content of d‐mannitol in fruit bodies obtained on CS was 120 mg g−1 (80% of the control group), followed by that on CCP, 100 mg g−1. Fruit bodies cultivated on CCP displayed a high crude polysaccharide level of 26.9 mg g−1, which was the closest to that of the control group (34.5 mg g−1).

CONCLUSION

CS and CCP are effective substrates for the production of fruit bodies and bioactive compounds by C. militaris. This study provides a new approach to decreasing the cost of C. militaris cultivation and dealing with these agricultural wastes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategies for narrowing the maize yield gap of household farms through precision fertigation under irrigated conditions using CERES‐Maize model
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Wang Guangyao , Chu Qingquan , Chen Fu
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Nitrogen (N) application significantly increases maize yield; however, the unreasonable use of N fertilizer is common in China. The analysis of crop yield gaps can reveal the limiting factors for yield improvement, but there is a lack of practical strategies for narrowing yield gaps of household farms. The objectives of this study were to assess the yield gap of summer maize using an integrative method and to develop strategies for narrowing the maize yield gap through precise N fertilization.

RESULTS

The results indicated that there was a significant difference in maize yield among fields, with a low level of variation. Additionally, significant differences in N application rate were observed among fields, with high variability. Based on long‐term simulation results, the optimal N application rate was 193 kg ha−1, with a corresponding maximum attainable yield (AYmax) of 10 318 kg ha−1. A considerable difference between farmers' yields and AYmax was observed. Low agronomic efficiency of applied N fertilizer (AEN) in farmers' fields was exhibited.

CONCLUSION

The integrative method lays a foundation for exploring the specific factors constraining crop yield gaps at the field scale and for developing strategies for rapid site‐specific N management. Optimization strategies to narrow the maize yield gap include increasing N application rates and adjusting the N application schedule. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
New concepts in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: Implications for liver transplantation
Authors: Putignano Antonella , Gustot Thierry
Published: October 2016

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a recently defined syndrome that occurs frequently in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with a poor short‐term prognosis. Currently, management of patients with ACLF is mainly supportive. Despite medical progress, this syndrome frequently leads to multiorgan failure, sepsis, and, ultimately, death. The results of attempts to use liver transplantation (LT) to manage this critical condition have been poorly reported but are promising. Currently, selection criteria of ACLF patients for LT, instructions for prioritization on the waiting list, and objective indicators for removal of ACLF patients from the waiting list in cases of clinical deterioration are poorly defined. Before potential changes can be implemented into decisional algorithms, their effects, either on the benefits to individual patients or on global transplant outcomes, should be carefully evaluated using objective longterm endpoints that take into account ethical considerations concerning LT. Liver Transplantation 23 234–243 2017 AASLD
The Synergistic Effect of Cationic Moieties and GRGDSF‐Peptides in Hydrogels on Neural Stem Cell Behavior
Authors: Sallouh Muhammad , Jarocki Marvin , Sallouh Omar , Degen Patrick , Faissner Andreas , Weberskirch Ralf
Published: October 2016

This article reports the behavior of embryonic neural stem cells on a hydrogel that combines cationic, non‐specific cell adhesion motifs with glycine‐arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid‐serine‐phenylalanine (GRGDSF)‐peptides as specific cell adhesion moieties. Therefore, three hydrogels are prepared by free radical polymerization that contains either a GRGDSF‐peptide residue (P1), amino ethylmethacrylate as a cationic residue (P2), or a combination of both motifs (P3). For each gel, cross linker concentrations of 8 mol% is used to have a comparable gel stiffness of 8–9 kPa. The cell experiments indicate a synergistic effect of the non‐specific, cationic residues, and the specific GRGDSF‐peptides on embryonic neural stem cell behavior that is especially pronounced in the cell adhesion experiments by more than doubling the number of cells after 72 h when comparing P3 with P2 and is less pronounced in the proliferation and differentiation experiments.

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Gelatin Porous Scaffolds as Delivery Systems of Calcium Alendronate
Authors: Panzavolta Silvia , Torricelli Paola , Casolari Sonia , Parrilli Annapaola , Amadori Sofia , Fini Milena , Bigi Adriana
Published: October 2016

The systemic administration of bisphosphonates (BPs) for the treatment of metabolic diseases characterized by abnormal bone loss suffers from several adverse side effects, which can be reduced by implementation of alternative modes of administration. In this work, glutaraldehyde cross‐linked gelatin scaffolds are proposed as delivery systems of calcium alendronate monohydrate (CaAL•H2O). The 3D highly porous scaffolds display a relevant interconnected porosity (>94%), independently from CaAL•H2O content (0, 3, and 6 wt%). At variance, pore size varies with composition. The relative increase of the number of smaller pores on increasing BP content is in agreement with the parallel significant increase of the compressive modulus and collapse strength. The scaffolds exhibit a sustained CaAL•H2O release profile, and a significant amount of the drug is retained in the scaffolds even after 14 d. In vitro tests are carried out using cocultures of osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC). The evaluation of differentiation markers is performed both on the supernatants of cell culture and by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicate that BP containing scaffolds support osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, whereas they inhibit osteoclast viability and activity, displaying a promising beneficial role on bone repair processes.

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Preparation of Designed Poly(trimethylene carbonate) Meniscus Implants by Stereolithography: Challenges in Stereolithography
Authors: van Bochove Bas , Hannink Gerjon , Buma Pieter , Grijpma Dirk W.
Published: October 2016

Three‐armed poly(trimethylene carbonate) macromers with a relatively high molecular weight of 28.9 kg mol−1 are prepared by ring opening polymerization and subsequent functionalization with methacrylate end groups. A resin suitable for processing by stereolithography is developed using propylene carbonate as a diluent, a photoinitiator, and a dye to control the curing characteristics. The difficulties in building designed structures with digital light processing stereolithography and the ways of optimizing the resin compositions are described in detail. Using an optimized resin composition, which contained 50 wt% macromer, 50 wt% diluent, 0.05 wt% (relative to the macromer) dye, and 5 wt% (relative to the macromer) photoinitiator, designed 3D porous structures with a gyroid pore network geometry are manufactured. By varying pore sizes and porosities between, respectively, 300 and 1000 μm and 60% and 90%, cylindrical porous poly(trimethylene carbonate) network structures with compression moduli of 85–2320 kPa are prepared. A porous poly(trimethylene carbonate) network meniscus implant is designed on the basis of computed tomography imaging data. By adjusting the characteristics of the gyroid pore architecture, an implant with a compression modulus close to 400 kPa, which fits the compression modulus of human meniscal tissue, is manufactured by stereolithography.

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A Zr‐ and Cr(III)‐containing conversion coating on Al alloy 2024‐T3 and its self‐repairing behavior
Authors: Cai C. , Liu X.‐Q. , Tan X. , Li G.‐D. , Wang H. , Li J.‐M. , Li J.‐F.
Published: October 2016

A zirconium‐ and Cr(III)‐containing conversion coating on Al alloy 2024‐T3 was prepared in solution containing Cr2(SO4)3 and K2ZrF6. Its composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS), and its corrosion resistance was investigated using polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and salt spray exposure. An artificial scratch cell was used to investigate its “self‐repairing” effect by EIS and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition to Al, the conversion coating contained Zr, Cr, O, and F. The conversion coating provided obvious corrosion protection for the Al alloy 2024‐T3. The EIS measurement and corrosion morphology observation of bare samples (i.e., uncoated samples) in the artificial scratch cell confirmed that the conversion coating possessed “self‐repairing” effect. XPS analysis showed that Cr(III) species, but not Zr species were transported from the conversion coating to the nearby bare area as in a scratch.
A novel methodology to study localized corrosion under atmospheric simulated corrosion conditions: Toward a continuous monitoring of the corrosion damage on AA2024
Authors: Oltra R. , Colard L. , Bonzom R.
Published: October 2016

There is a need to develop instrumented witness plates which would be possible to expose in natural environments after laboratory validation. In conventional laboratory scale test chambers, the main difficulty remains the access of any kind of sensor to the tested metallic target for continuous monitoring. It is proposed to generate a well‐controlled spray by an ultrasonic nozzle focused on the surface of very thin AA2024 foils positioned in a compact test cell which renders possible the access to the backside of the target. Validation in terms of corrosion damage of remote sequential experimental procedure using an ultrasonic nozzle programmed to pulse is illustrated.
Comparison of corrosion behaviors of low‐alloy steel exposed to vapor‐saturated H2S/CO2 and H2S/CO2‐saturated brine environments
Authors: Liu Z.‐G. , Gao X.‐H. , Du L.‐X. , Li J.‐P. , Li P. , Misra R. D. K.
Published: October 2016

In this paper, immersion experiments were carried out to compare corrosion behaviors of low‐alloy steel exposed to both H2S/CO2 environments in terms of corrosion kinetics, corrosion products, macroscopic/microscopic surface morphology, cross‐section morphology, and elemental distribution. The experimental results demonstrated that the corrosion kinetics of both the corrosion environments was similar. The distinctive corrosion environment accelerated the formation of different corrosion products. The corrosion products of vapor‐saturated H2S/CO2 environment were mackinawite, cubic iron sulfide, and greigite, while, the ones of H2S/CO2‐saturated brine environment were mackinawite and cubic iron sulfide. The surface formation process was also similar. The vapor‐saturated H2S/CO2 environment promoted the formation of fine crystals compared with H2S/CO2‐saturated brine environment. Molybdenum accumulated in the inner layer in both the corrosion environments. Two schematic models of corrosion process are proposed based on the experimental data.
Darcy's laws for non‐stationary viscous fluid flow in a thin porous medium
Authors: Anguiano Maria
Published: October 2016

We consider a non‐stationary Stokes system in a thin porous medium Ωϵ of thickness ϵ which is perforated by periodically solid cylinders of size aϵ. We are interested here to give the limit behavior when ϵ goes to zero. To do so, we apply an adaptation of the unfolding method. Time‐dependent Darcy's laws are rigorously derived from this model depending on the comparison between aϵ and ϵ. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary low‐fat soy milk powder retards diabetic nephropathy progression via inhibition of renal fibrosis and renal inflammation
Authors: Jheng Huei‐Fen , Hirotsuka Motohiko , Goto Tsuyoshi , Shibata Masayuki , Matsumura Yasuki , Kawada Teruo
Published: October 2016

Scope

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end‐stage renal disease. Here, we examined the effect of long‐term consumption of a low‐fat soy milk powder (LFSMP) on the diabetic kidney structure and function.

Methods and results

KKAy mice were fed a casein‐, LFSMP‐, or high‐fat soy mixture powder (HFSMP)‐based diet for 4 months. Plasma and urine were subjected to a biochemical assay every 2–4 wk. Renal morphology and protein expression were evaluated by histochemical staining and western blots. Although HFSMP‐based diet showed no protective effect on DN. LFSMP‐fed mice exhibited lower water intake, urine output, and urinary albumin, and glucose excretion. Furthermore, strong preservation of renal structural proteins and low urinary N‐acetyl‐beta‐d‐glucosaminidase activity were observed in LFSMP‐fed mice, indicating alleviation of renal injury. LFSMP‐fed mice showed a lesser degree of mesangial matrix expansion, of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and of myofibroblast differentiation. Finally, milder renal inflammation was found in LFSMP‐fed mice, as evidenced by a decrease in urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein‐ 1 excretion and lesser macrophage infiltration into the tubulointerstitium.

Conclusion

The present data suggests that long‐term consumption of LFSMP but not HFSMP retards DN progression via suppressing renal injury, myofibroblast differentiation, and renal macrophage infiltration in diabetic condition.
Psychometric properties of the dimensional anxiety scales for DSM‐5 in a Brazilian community sample
Authors: DeSousa Diogo A. , Moreno André L. , Osório Flávia L. , Crippa José Alexandre S. , LeBeau Richard , Manfro Gisele G. , Salum Giovanni A. , Koller Silvia H.
Published: October 2016

The DSM‐5 highlights the use of dimensional assessments of mental health as a supplement to categorical diagnoses. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the DSM‐5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales in a Brazilian community sample. Dimensional scales for generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobia were administered to 930 adults aged 18 to 70, 64.2% female. Psychometric properties investigated were: unidimensionality; measurement invariance; internal consistency; composite reliability; test–retest reliability; convergent and divergent validity; category thresholds and item performance analyses. Analyses revealed unidimensionality for all scales except for specific phobia. Measurement invariance, high internal consistency and composite reliability, and convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated. Test–retest reliability was high for all scales but generalized anxiety disorder. Item‐based analyses evidenced that none of the items were very easy to endorse and that the scales offered more information about subjects with high severity estimates of anxiety. The DSM‐5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales are a valid and reliable alternative to assess anxiety symptomatology in community settings, although further evaluation is needed, especially for specific phobia. The scales seem to be more useful for characterizing dimensionality of symptoms for subclinical or clinical cases than for slight or mildly anxious subjects.
Words. Words. Words. Tips for sizzling content
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: October 2016

In the marketing and communications world, we talk about web content. A lot. Much of what we discuss centers on strategy, though. What about the words themselves?
Students Speak/Resources
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2016

Students Speak

Online degree program allows student to continue career growth

Resources

First‐time grad student enrollment up

Costs to covering tuition with cards

For‐profits disadvantage black students
Raising Seoul's global competitiveness: developing key performance indicators
Authors: Cho Seong‐Ho
Published: October 2016

This paper develops a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) for Seoul city administration, inaugurated in 2006. Proper establishment and application of the KPIs into its administration would not only help in accomplishing municipal leadership's strategic initiations but also enhance Seoul's global competitiveness. At the same time, the KPIs can be a good communication tool through which the leadership and city customers can communicate with each other.
Genotypes and phenotypes of protein S deficiency in Thai children with thromboembolism
Authors: Komwilaisak Patcharee , Sasanakul Werasak , Chuansumrit Ampaiwan , Kanjanapongkul Somjai , Wangruangsathit Somporn , Lusawat Apasri , Charoenkwan Pimlak , Sirachainan Nongnuch
Published: October 2016

The prevalence of protein S (PS) deficiency in Asian patients with venous thromboembolism is around 8–30%, higher than that in Caucasian populations. The present study reports the genotypes (including one novel mutation) and phenotypes of children with PS deficiency at a tertiary care institute. A total of six patients were included, three with arterial ischemic stroke, two with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and one with deep vein thrombosis. PS mutations were identified in four patients: p.R355C, p.G336D, p.E67A, and p.N188KfsX9. p.N188KfsX9 is a novel mutation with less than 20% PS activity noted in heterozygotes.
Current controversies in prenatal diagnosis 2: for those women screened by NIPT using cell free DNA, maternal serum markers are obsolete
Authors: Yaron Yuval , Hyett Jon , Langlois Sylvie
Published: October 2016

What's already known about this topic?

Multiple studies have shown a strong association between abnormal levels of serum markers used for aneuploidy screening and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Despite this strong association, given a low detection rate and high false positive rate, the predictive accuracy of these biomarkers still falls short of the ideal for clinically useful screening tests.

What does this study adds?

This report summarizes an oral debate presented at the 20th International Conference on Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy in Berlin, Germany, on 12 July 2016.

The arguments for and against abandoning serum markers for the prediction of adverse obstetrical outcomes in women having had NIPT to screen for common aneuploidies are discussed.
Personality and Other Lifelong Influences on Older–Age Health and Wellbeing: Preliminary Findings in Two Scottish Samples
Authors: Harris Mathew A. , Brett Caroline E. , Starr John M. , Deary Ian J. , Johnson Wendy
Published: October 2016

Recent observations that personality traits are related to later–life health and wellbeing have inspired considerable interest in exploring the mechanisms involved. Other factors, such as cognitive ability and education, also show longitudinal influences on health and wellbeing, but it is not yet clear how all these early–life factors together contribute to later–life health and wellbeing. In this preliminary study, we assessed hypothesised relations among these variables across the life course, using structural equation modelling in a sample assessed on dependability (a personality trait related to conscientiousness) in childhood, cognitive ability and social class in childhood and older age, education, and health and subjective wellbeing in older age. Our models indicated that both health and subjective wellbeing in older age were influenced by childhood IQ and social class, via education. Some older–age personality traits mediated the effects of early–life variables, on subjective wellbeing in particular, but childhood dependability did not show significant associations. Our results therefore did not provide evidence that childhood dependability promotes older–age health and wellbeing, but did highlight the importance of other early–life factors, particularly characteristics that contribute to educational attainment. Further, personality in later life may mediate the effects of early–life factors on health and subjective wellbeing. © 2016 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
Cu2ZnSnS4 photovoltaic cell with improved efficiency fabricated by high‐temperature annealing after CdS buffer‐layer deposition
Authors: Tajima Shin , Umehara Mitsutaro , Hasegawa Masaki , Mise Takahiro , Itoh Tadayoshi
Published: October 2016

To improve the photovoltaic properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) cells, we investigated the effect of both the thickness of the deposited CdS layers and the post‐annealing temperature following CdS deposition on the photovoltaic properties of CZTS cells using a two‐layer CZTS structure. By depositing a thin CdS layer (40 nm) followed by high temperature annealing (603 K), we observed a remarkable increase in the short‐circuit current density because of the enhancement of the external quantum efficiency in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm. The best CZTS cell exhibited a conversion efficiency of 9.4% in the active area (9.1% in the designated area). In addition, we also fabricated a CZTS cell with open‐circuit voltage of 0.80 V by appropriately tuning the composition of the CZTS layers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Pharmacology ofCitrus bergamia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mannucci Carmen , Navarra Michele , Calapai Fabrizio , Squeri Raffaele , Gangemi Sebastiano , Calapai Gioacchino
Published: October 2016

Citrus bergamiaRisso et Poiteau (“Bergamot”) originated from the Mediterranean ecoregion (southern Italy, Calabria). Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is used in perfumes, cosmetics, and for stress reduction. Juice fromC. bergamiahas been used for hyperlipidemia. We evaluated literature published onC. bergamiaclinical applications. Clinical trials onC. bergamianot combined with other substances, published in English, were searched. We selected ten articles, six describing BEO effects on stress, three reporting effects of polyphenolic fraction ofC. bergamiajuice in hyperlipidemia and the last describing BEO effects in chronic psoriasis. Clinical studies were analyzed following Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for herbal therapy. Studies were conducted on small sample sizes and not have high quality level. Analysis indicates that BEO aromatherapy could be safe and useful to reduce stress symptoms. One study suggests its potential supportive role in ultraviolet B therapy against psoriasis. Supplementation with polyphenols from bergamot juice reduces plasma lipids and improves lipoprotein profile in moderate hyperlipidemia. Effectiveness and safety ofC. bergamiacannot be definitively drawn because of publication bias and low quality level of the majority of studies. Further large‐scale trials with rigorous design are required to define the role ofC. bergamiain clinical practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the formation of the [2(iohexol) + Mg]2+ complex and its fragmentation in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Guo Mengzhe , Yin Dengyang , Han Jie , Li Xiao , Zhang Liyan , Du Yan , Wang Haibo , Guo Cheng , Tang Daoquan
Published: October 2016

Rationale

Mass spectrometry has been developed as one of the common tools for the analysis of the organometallic systems in the gas phase over decades. The study of the fragmentation of organics‐metal complexes has attracted much attention since the interesting dissociation pathways exhibited by these compounds are usually different from the protonated analogues.

Methods

In this work, iohexol complexed with different dications such as Mg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ have been investigated by electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, deuterium‐labeling experiments and an analogue of iohexol were utilized to confirm the reaction mechanisms. A computational chemistry method was used to identify the coordination conformation between iohexol and metal ions in the gas phase. UV detection was also used to identify the interaction between iohexol and metal ions in the liquid phase.

Results

A special gas‐phase open‐loop reaction of iohexol induced by Mg2+, leading to the formation of [iohexol + Mg – H – HI ‐ C3H4O]+, was observed in the collision‐induced dissociation of [2(iohexol) + Mg]2+ complexes. Moreover, theoretical calculation shows the proposed coordination configuration of iohexol/Mg2+ complexes. The Mg2+ could have tetrahedral coordination with two iohexol molecules.

Conclusions

The percent study is a case for better understanding the formation of a typical organic/metal complex and its gas‐phase fragmentation reaction. In addition, it provides useful information for researchers working on analysis or structural elucidation of complicated compounds which contain the iohexol analogues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.