bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology, biology, and damage behaviors of nutsedge borer (Bactra venosana Zeller) in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN HONG-UNG , PHAN QUOC-NAM , DANG HOA-THAI , SON THI-THANH-NGA , NGUYEN HONG-NUONG , NGUYEN THI-HONG-THUY
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Nguyen HU, Phan QN, Dang HT, Son TTN, Nguyen HN, Nguyen THT. 2021. Morphology, biology, and damage behaviors of nutsedge borer (Bactra venosana Zeller) in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 733-741. Nutsedge borer, Bactra venosana Zeller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a common pest of sedge in Tra Vinh Province. To control this species, its morphology, biology, and behaviors were investigated in Tra Vinh Province. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the information related to the Bactra venosana, as a basis for developing a strategy to manage this species by means of safety solutions. The study was carried out by surveying the behavior of nutsedge borer in sedge fields and determining their morphological and biological characteristics under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the eggs were 1.06 ± 0.17 mm (in length), 0.84 ± 0.16 (in width), oval, and white after turning pale yellow. Larvae progressed through 5 instars with body length and width of 1.20 ± 0.18 mm to 11.3 ± 1.23 mm and from 0.25 ± 0.05 to 1.05 ± 0.25 mm, respectively. Newly hatched larvae were dark yellow, and pupae were pale green. The male pupa was 7.75 ± 0.68 mm long, while the female was 8.46 ± 0.93 mm long, light green, and dark brown about to mature. The male adult of B. venosana was usually gray-brown and 7.70 ± 0.60 mm in body length, whereas the female adult was silver-gray, 8.41 ± 0.86 mm. The life cycle passed 35.9 ± 2.55 days in laboratory conditions. Under field conditions, eggs were laid scattered on the surface of the host plants. Larvae bored inside the stems of sedge. Newly damaged sedge plants had no symptoms at first whose bodies got soft, turned from light green to pale yellow, and gradually wilted and died.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Khiew-Phalee chickens based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences
Authors: Phromnoi Siriwadee , Lertwatcharasarakul Preeda , Phattanakunanan Sakuna
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Phromnoi S, Lertwatcharasarakul P, Phattanakunanan S. 2021. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Khiew-Phalee chickens based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences. Biodiversitas 23: 750-756. Khiew-Phalee Chickens (Gallus gallus) is a Thai indigenous breed, locally recognized for its economic value as an important source of revenue generation. As the Khiew-Phalee chicken cannot be accurately identified by morphological characterization, molecular methods for species identification are generally thought to be complementary and more effective than relying on the method alone. Molecular characterization of Khiew-Phalee Chickens was investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene analysis. Partial sequences of the 1,037 bp Cyt b gene were determined on 55 specimens of Khiew-Phalee chickens. The breed's genetic diversity was assessed based on the number of polymorphic sites, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and average number of differences. In addition, a neighbor-joining (NJ) haplotype tree was constructed based on Kimura's two-parameter model. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of Khiew-Phalee chickens were 0.597 and 0.00068, respectively. Five haplotypes were identified from 4 polymorphic sites with polymorphism at nucleotides 501, 507, 543, and 1,095. Phylogenetic analysis with the inclusion of the Cyt b gene nucleotide sequences from Khiew-Phalee chickens and native chickens from the GenBank database showed that Khiew-Phalee chickens belonged to Gallus gallus. It was closest to the indigenous chicken in South East Asia. The phylogenetic tree indicated the genetic variability of the investigated Khiew-Phalee chicken populations. This study may help future researchers and livestock breeders to design a breeding program based on a better understanding of the genetic diversity and history of indigenous breeds.
Larvicidal activity evaluation of the chemical compounds isolated from n-hexane extract of Derris elliptica root against the Temephos-susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti larvae
Authors: SAYONO SAYONO , ANWAR RISYANDI , SUMANTO DIDIK
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Sayono S, Anwar R, Sumanto D. 2021. Larvicidal activity evaluation of the chemical compounds isolated from n-hexane extract of Derris elliptica root against the Temephos-susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti larvae. Biodiversitas 23: 757-764. Aedes aegypti is the main vector of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika diseases. Temephos resistance of this species has hampered vector control efforts worldwide. Studies proved that Derris elliptica extracts effectively controlled Aedes larvae, so the active compound needed to be isolated. This study evaluated the larvicidal activity of the chemical compounds isolated from n-hexane fractions of Tuba roots against the temephos-susceptible Ae. aegypti larvae. Six isolates were obtained from three of the seven n-hexane fractions. Three levels of concentration of each isolate were formulated for a preliminary bioassay test, and resulted in the two most active compounds, isolates 3 and 6. The final bioassay test results indicated that isolate 3 was more active than isolate 6 with LC50 and LC90 after 24 hours of exposure were 1.607 and 7.399 ppm, and after 48 hours of exposure were 0.926 and 3.206 ppm respectively. Isolate 6 also had high larvicidal activity after 48 hours of exposure, with LC50 and LC90 were 1.056 and 4.647 ppm. Further studies need to be carried out to determine the chemical structures and toxicity mechanisms of the bioactive compounds.
The potential of endophytic bacteria to suppress bacterial leaf blight in rice plants
Authors: RAHMA HALIATUR , NURBAILIS NURBAILIS , BUSNIAH MUNZIR , KRISTINA NILA , LARASATI YUMBA
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Rahma H, Nurbailis, Busniah M, Kristina N, Larasati Y. 2021. The potential of endophytic bacteria to suppress bacterial leaf blight in rice plants. Biodiversitas 23: 775-782. Endophytic bacteria are potential as biocontrol agents against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice to support sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to select and characterize 22 endophytic bacteria isolated from healthy rice, determine their ability to promote plant growth and suppress bacterial leaf blight disease in rice and also identify potential endophytic bacterial isolates. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with 24 treatments and three repetitions. The treatments used in the current study consisted of Xanthomonas oryzae infected plants and treated with endophytic bacterial isolates; infected plants without endophytic bacteria treatment (positive control), non-infected plants (negative control). Identification of potential endophytic bacteria was performed based on 16S rRNA sequences. Three out of 22 bacterial isolates, i.e., LmB1, LmA6, and LmB2 were able to suppress bacterial leaf blight disease with severity levels of 35.82%, 23.78%, and 23.78%, respectively. Based on the rice plant growth parameters, three bacterial isolates (LmA6, LmB1, and LmB35) were able to increase the growth of rice plants with an average value of 69.56%, 56.51%, and 47.82%, respectively. Two bacterial isolates, i.e., LmB 1 and LmA6 suppress the development of bacterial leaf blight disease and increase the growth of rice plants. Based on DNA sequence comparisons of DNA fragments amplified by 16S rRNA related marker of the selected bacterial isolates and database, then LmA6, LmB2, LmB1, and LmB35 had similarities with Bacillus cereus MD152 (96.87%), Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC 10792 (98.20%), Ochrobactrum intermedium strain OI1 (97.52%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain A1w2 (97.92%), respectively. Our study revealed that the indigenous endophytic bacteria from rice plants could be potential biological agents for controlling bacterial leaf blight disease and increasing plant growth.
Preference, population development, and molecular characteristics of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on shallot cultivars: A field trial scale
Authors: Supartha I Wayan , Susila I Wayan , Sumiartha I Ketut , Rauf Aunu , Cruz Latizio Beni Da Costa , Yudha I Kadek Wisma , Utama I Wayan Eka Karya , Wiradana Putu Angga
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sumiartha IK, Rauf A, Cruz LBDC, Yudha IKW, Utama IWEK, Wiradana PA. 2021. Preference, population development, and molecular characteristics of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on shallot cultivars: A field trial scale. Biodiversitas 23: 783-792. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous insect that is the main pest and is responsible for the decline in shallot production in Indonesia. This study aims to (i) analyze preferences; (ii) colonization time; (iii) population development; (iv) attack of armyworms according to plant phenology in the shallot cultivars; and (v) identification species of armyworms. The research was conducted in Bangli Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The research design used was a randomized block design with the treatment of five shallot cultivars and five replications. Molecular analysis of armyworm larvae was carried out using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method using forward Lep_F1 and reverse Lep_R1 primers at the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. Our results indicate that the period of adult pest infestation has been seen since the emergence of plants, namely 7 days after planting (dap). The colonization period begins at 21 (dap), when plants and larvae begin to grow. The development of the egg and larva population was seen when the plants totaled 21 (dap) (for eggs) and 28 dap (for larvae). The most preferred shallot cultivars are "Bali Karet" and "Bima Brebes". Armyworm larvae, including S. exigua, were identified as related to the same group as isolate larvae from China, India, Pakistan, Thailand, and Japan. These findings indicated that S. exigua preferred the two cultivars of shallots in the fields and emerged at 21 dap. This shows that insect management activities must be carried out systematically both when the shallots plants are young, pre- and post-harvest. Control with natural enemies can also be done for further research.
Effects of plant growth regulator from seaweed extracts on expression of genes regulating the oil and related metabolites productions in oil palm
Authors: KRESNAWATY IRMA , SANTOSO DJOKO , HUDIYONO SUMI
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Kresnawaty I, Santoso D,Hudiyono S. 2022. Effects of plant growth regulator from seaweed extracts on expression of genes regulating the oil and related metabolites productions in oil palm. Biodiversitas 23: 793-800. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have been used in agricultural practicesto regulate various processes, such as germination, vegetative growth, reproduction, maturation, leaf senescence and post-harvest. Seaweed extract as natural PGRs source containsauxin, cytokines, and gibberellins. Although PGRs have been used for decades, the effects of these compounds on the production of secondary metabolites, proteins and related gene-expressionare not yetwell knownin some perennial crops.To study those,treatments consist of trunk injection of oil palm trees with biostimulant that contain PGRs from seaweed extract. Effects of treatments compared were biostimulant (B), biostimulant with activator for oil accumulation (BA) and control (C). The results indicated that the biostimulant treatments affected ACCase Biotin Carboxylase and HMG-CoA genes expression ratio andwere maximum at4 weeks after treatments (WAT) for biostimulant with activators treatments and 8 WAT for biostimulants without activator. Effect of biostimulants treatments in inducing the gene expression was not significant after 8 WAT. Moreover samples with addition biostimulant in 1 and 7 had the highest values ??ofthe gibberellin (GID) gene expression. Oil accumulation showed increase in 4 WAT dan had optimum level in 8 WATbecause of activators addition, especially increased of palmitic and linoleic acid.
The oleaginous yeast Pichia manshurica isolated from Lansium domesticum fruit in Thailand and its fatty acid composition of single cell oil
Authors: PLANONTH SONGSAK , CHANTARASIRI AIYA
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Planonth S, Chantarasiri A. 2022. The oleaginous yeast Pichia manshurica isolated from Lansium domesticum fruit in Thailand and its fatty acid composition of single cell oil. Biodiversitas 23: 801-809. Oleaginous microbes can accumulate intracellular lipids or single cell oils (SCOs) in quantities higher than 20% of their biomass. They can be a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, biofuels, and oleochemicals. Studies concerning efficient oleaginous yeasts isolated from the natural environments remain scarce. Therefore, this study isolated and screened for efficient oleaginous yeasts from the surfaces of longkong fruit (Lansium domesticum) samples in Thailand. Their intracellular SCOs were extracted using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method and quantitatively analyzed. The SCO-accumulating yeasts (produce the amount of SCOs <20 % of their biomass) genetically identified were Candida jaroonii, Meyerozyma caribbica, Kodamaea ohmeri, and Pichia sp., while the oleaginous yeasts (produce the amount of SCOs >20% of their biomass) identified were Pichia manshurica and Hanseniaspora opuntiae. Several isolated yeasts were designated as rare oleaginous microbes. The P. manshurica strain Y2 was considered as the most effective oleaginous yeast with a SCO content of 43.03% (w/w). The fatty acids in the accumulated SCO of this strain were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) that consisted of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and palmitoleic acids. These fatty acids could be further applied in the production of third-generation biodiesel, cocoa butter equivalents, and related high-value oleochemicals.
Insights into the genome sequence of the glyphosate-degrading bacterium Enterobacter sp. Bisph1
Authors: BENSERRADJ OUAFA , BENSLAMA OUIDED , GHORRI SANA
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Benserradj O, Benslama O, Ghorri S. 2021. Insights into the genome sequence of the glyphosate-degrading bacterium Enterobacter sp. Bisph1. Biodiversitas 23: 817-882. Glyphosate is by far the most extensively utilized herbicide in the world, and because of its negative effects on the environment and animal health, finding microorganisms with the ability to degrade this herbicide is one of the scientists’ top priorities. Enterobacter sp. Bisph1 was isolated during prospecting glyphosate-degrading bacteria from a sandy soil of the region of Biskra in Algeria. To better understand the involvement of this strain in the degradation of glyphosate, a sequencing of the 4.5 MB genome of Enterobacter sp. Bisph1, as well as an annotation, and analysis of its genome sequence were performed in this study. Genomic DNA was sequenced on a MiSeq sequencer llumina using paired-end sequencing with the Nextera XT protocol. The genome of strain Enterobacter sp. Bisph1 comprises one chromosome of 4,578,487 bp with a GC content of 53.6%. Its 4,330 genes (78.13%) were assigned a putative function. The genome contains two intact phages and no CRISPR was found. The genome inspection also revealed the presence of the carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond lyase coding genes clusters that consists of eight genes phnFHIJKLMP. The draft genome of the Enterobacter sp. Bisph1 provides insight into the role of this strain as an important agent of bioremediation of glyphosate by examining the genes known to encode the biodegradation enzymes of this herbicide. The sequencing of the genome of Bisph1 allows a better understanding of the taxonomy of this strain within the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Morphological characteristics of local rice in Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: CHANIAGO NOVERINA , SULIANSYAH IRFAN , CHANIAGO IRAWATI , ROZEN NALWIDA
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Chaniago N, Suliansyah I, Chaniago I, Rozen N. 2021. Morphological characteristics of local rice in Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 883-894. The preservation of local rice is essential to preventing genetic drain. In Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra, Indonesia, local rice is in great abundance. A total of 23 Deli Serdang local rice were collected and studied from coastal to highland areas. This study aims to determine the morphological characteristics of 23 local rice genotypes of Deli Serdang and to obtain superior characters to be developed into superior local varieties. A completely randomized design with three replicates was used in this study. Morphological characteristics of 23 local rice genotypes obtained various characters. The culm length was short to very long; culm diameter was thin to thick; the leaf-blade length was long to very long; leaf-blade width was intermediate to broad; culm number was low to high. The auricle, ligule, and collar were almost completely whitish, except for Sijambi yellowish-green and green, 2-cleft acute ligule shape. The harvest age was medium to deep. The grains were white, straw, gold, brown, brown spots, brown lines, and black. The pericarps were white, light brown, red, and black. Most of the organs indicated broad genetic variability having the opportunity to be developed into superior local varieties. All local rice was scattered into five groups based on morphological markers with a similarity of 32.12%.
Quantitative and qualitative diversity of chili (Capsicum spp.) genotypes
Authors: SAHID ZULFIKAR DAMARALAM , Syukur Muhamad , Maharijaya Awang , Nurcholis Waras
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A, Nurcholis W. 2022. Quantitative and qualitative diversity of chili (Capsicum spp.) genotypes. Biodiversitas 23: 895-901. The diversity of chili species in tropical climate areas, especially Indonesia, is very diverse. Information on the performance of chili both quantitatively and qualitatively is needed to form the basis for future research. This study aimed to obtain qualitative and quantitative character information on several chili genotypes. The results showed that there were differences in chili genotypes based on qualitative and quantitative characters. The genotype that excelled quantitatively in terms of fruit weight was CK 12. In addition, this genotype had a square fruit shape that was absent in other genotypes. The highest number of fruit in this study was indicated by pure lines F8 145291-14-9-3-12-1-1 and Bara. Cluster analysis based on quantitative characters (HCA Analysis) grouped all genotypes into three major groups where the CK 12 genotype separated into one group of its own. The information in this study is very useful for research and development of chili plants.
Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Syzygium zollingerianum leaves extract
Authors: SUJANA PUTU KRISNA WIDYANTARA , WIJAYANTI NASTITI
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Sujana PKW, Wijayanti N. 2022. Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Syzygium zollingerianum leaves extract. Biodiversitas 23: 916-921. The genus Syzygiumis known as a medicinal plant that has broad bioactive properties due to the abundance of bioactive compounds. Syzygium zollingerianum (Miq.) Amshoff could be considered as one of the important species to study because recent reports indicate that this species only grows in Indonesia and studies on its health benefits are still very limited. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical content of the ethanolic extract of S. zollingeranumleaves and to evaluate its antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects on Vero cell lines. Phytochemical content was analyzed using spectrophotometry, DPPH assay was used to determine antioxidant activity and MTT assay was carried out to determine its cytotoxicity. The results of the spectrophotometric test showed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins in the ethanolic extract of S. zollingeranum leaves. The ability to inhibit free radicals was very strong with antioxidant activity index (AAI) of 68.75 ± 31.386 and IC50 of 0.57 ± 0.211 µg/mL. The results of cytotoxicity examination showed that S. zollingerianumleaves extract has moderate cytotoxicity against Vero cells (101.42 ± 6.823 µg/mL). This study showed that S. zollingerianum leaves extract has great potential as a source of natural exogenous antioxidants and conservation for the sustainability of this plant needs to be considered.
Genetic diversity of commercial sea cucumbers Stichopus (Echinoderm: Stichopodidae) based on DNA Barcoding in Karimunjawa, Indonesia
Authors: Sulardiono Bambang , Hartoko Agus , Aini Arifah Nur , Wulandari Dyah , Budiharjo Anto
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Sulardiono B, Hartoko A, Aini AN, Wulandari D, Budiharjo A. 2021. Genetic diversity of commercial sea cucumbers Stichopus (Echinoderm: Stichopodidae) based on DNA Barcoding in Karimunjawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 922-927. DNA barcoding has proven a sufficient tool for species identification in varied groups of marine invertebrates, including crustaceans, mollusks, polychaetes, and echinoderms. The outdated system of morphological identification of the Stichopus spp. group is generally based on color patterns, causing confusion in identification. This study aimed to investigate genetic diversity, confirm the species identification, and examine phylogenetic relationships of the Stichopus genus (Echinoderm: Stichopodae) in the Karimunjawa Sea, by analyzing DNA sequence variation at cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) in mitochondrial DNA and internal transcribed spacers (ITS). This genetic information is very helpful in inventorying and mapping commercial sea cucumber resources in Karimunjawa to support conservation efforts. Three types of sea cucumbers from the genus Stichopus were found, with different local names, namely Crengek gamete, Pace gamete, and Kuning gamete. The results of DNA extraction from the three samples showed that the DNA from soft bone tissue had a better level of purity and concentration than body tissue. The COI phylogenetic tree analysis showed that these samples with different local names were closely related to Stichopus monotuberculatus. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve the resources of the S. monotuberculatus in the management of Karimunjawa sea.
Morphological diversity and phenetic relationship of wild and cultivated Begonia based on morphology and leaf venation
Authors: PERMATA DARA AYU , SUSANDARINI RATNA
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Permata DA, Susandarini R. 2021. Morphological diversity and phenetic relationship of wild and cultivated Begonia based on morphology and leaf venation. Biodiversitas 23: 928-937. Begonia is an ornamental plant with intense cultivation and hybridization practices because of the uniqueness and beauty of its leaves. Begonia with a very large number of species is interesting to study, especially because Indonesia is one of the resource centers of this genus diversity as indicated by the increasing number of new species found every year. This study aimed to explore the morphological diversity of wild and cultivated Begonia and reveal the phenetic relationships of the species and hybrids based on morphology and leaf venation patterns. In this study, we used 19 Begonia samples belonging to five species collected from their natural habitat and 14 species and hybrids obtained from the nurseries. Morphological observations of living specimens and examination on microscopic slides of cleared leaf resulted in 28 characters which were used to determine phenetic relationships using cluster analysis. The high variability of leaf venation patterns described in this study disclosed the micromorphological diversity of Begonia which has not been widely exposed. The results of morphological observations showed high variabilities in leaf color, leaf shape, and petiole color. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicated that the grouping of species was mainly determined by the existence of trichomes on leaf surfaces and petiole, leaf venation pattern, leaf variegation, and leaf shape. The grouping of species resulting from cluster analysis can be used in the selection of potential parents to produce new Begonia hybrids through crossing experiments.
Diversity and status of day butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in different plant associations of the Edough Forest Massif (Northeastern Algeria)
Authors: LAREF NARIMAN , REZZAG-BEDIDA RANIA , BOUKHEROUFA MEHDI , SAKRAOUI RYM , HENADA RANIA LINA IKRAM , HADIBY RACHAD , SAKRAOUI FERIEL
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Laref N, Rezzag-Beddida R, Boukheroufa M, Sakraoui R, Henada RLI, Hadiby R, Sakraoui F. 2021. Diversity and status of day butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in different plant associations of the Edough Forest Massif (Northeastern Algeria). Biodiversitas 23: 954-961. The current study seeks to evaluate the biodiversity and the structure of the Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera stand in the Edough mountain range, Northeastern Algeria. The main objective is to analyse specific and dynamic fluctuations depending on the forest species and assess their functional role. The resulting work was conducted during the 2021 spring season at the Ain Bocal Natural Site, characterized by a succession of four forest species in a sampling corridor approximately 2 km long. The sampling strategy was based on the linear transect method derived from the British BMS Butterflies Monitoring Scheme method, where 390 individuals were counted to calculate and analyse the stand structure parameters. We were also able to carry out the taxonomic identification of 13 species belonging to four families, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae and Papilionidae. Overall, the results revealed that the Mixed Algerian Oak Forest (Zean Oak Forest) is the richest in species, followed by Cork Oak Forest, Algerian Oak Forest and Maritime Pine Forest. The forest of the Edough, by its composition in habitats and ecological niches, allows the installation of the lepidopterological biodiversity.
Biomonitoring of air pollution by lichen diversity in the urban area of Setif, Algeria
Authors: BELGUIDOUM AMINA , HAICHOUR RIMA , LOGRADA TAKIA , RAMDANI MESSAOUD
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Belguidoum A, Haichour R, Lograda T, Ramdani M. 2021. Biomonitoring of air pollution by lichen diversity in the urban area of Setif, Algeria. Biodiversitas 23: 970-981. The use of living organisms in air quality monitoring has received increasing attention in recent years. Lichens, pioneer and colonizing organisms, are directly sensitive to environmental changes. This results in a loss of vitality or complete destruction of the thallus. The objective of this study is to assess and map the air quality of the Setif region, Algeria by lichens, using bio-indication indices. For air quality assessment, lichen species frequency, the Shannon-Wiener index, Atmospheric Purity Index (IAP), and Air Quality Index (IAQ) were used. Sixty stations were sampled across the region, representing the various level of landscape factors and anthropogenic activities. The study recorded 54 lichen species in urban areas of Setif belonged to 29 genera and 19 families, of which crustose and foliose, were the most common in the region. The pollution indicators (IAP, IAQ) showed an important correlation between them and a difference between rural and urban ecosystems. Anthropized urban areas showed very high air pollution. This is probably due to industrial and agricultural activities, but especially to gas emissions from vehicles. The majority of studied stations belonged to an area with very high atmospheric pollution. In addition, the presence of the species Xanthoria parietina in all the stations studied facilitates to use of it as a reliable biomonitor of plant tolerance to pollutants in urban ecosystems.
Biofilm formation by mercury resistant bacteria from polluted soil small-scale gold mining waste
Authors: NURFITRIANI SISKA , ARISOESILANINGSIH ENDANG , NURAINI YULIA , HANDAYANTO EKO
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Nurfitriani S, Arisoesilaningsih E, Nuraini Y, Handayanto E. 2021. Biofilm formation by mercury resistant bacteria from polluted soil small-scale gold mining waste. Biodiversitas 23: 992-999. Small-scale gold mining has a major impact on living things and the environment due to mercury contamination. Bacteria are known to have a defense mechanism in mercury-contaminated soil. The biofilm produced by bacteria helps them survive and protect them from environmental stresses. This study aimed to find mercury-resistant bacteria capable of forming biofilms from mercury-contaminated soil in small-scale gold mining. Samples for bacterial isolation were mercury-contaminated soil from three gold processing sites in Lombok, Indonesia. The obtained mercury-resistant bacteria were tested to form biofilms on the media according to the test dose. The bacterial biofilms formed were observed, and each biofilm's adsorption capacity was measured. The three bacteria with highest adsorption values were identified molecularly using 16S rDNA. The results showed that most mercury-resistant bacteria were able to form biofilms at a dose of 25 ppm. However, only four bacteria were able to produce biofilms at a dose of 50 ppm. Biofilms of three bacteria had the highest adsorption values, ranging between 2.78-3.5. The three bacteria were identified as Bacillus toyonensis (JGT-F1), Burkholderia cepacia (PJT-K), and Microbacterium chocolatum (PJT-D). This study indicates that biofilm-producing bacteria are one of the remediation agents and can be used in mercury bioremediation.
Prospective rice varieties for high yield performance on modified ratoon salibu cultivation
Authors: ZARWAZI LALU M. , Junaedi Ahmad , SOPANDIE DIDY , SUGIYANTA SUGIYANTA , PURWONO PURWONO , SAKAGAMI JUN-ICHI
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Zarwazi LM, Junaedi A, Sopandie D, Sugiyanta, Purwono, Sakagami J-I. 2022. Prospective rice varieties for high yield performance on modified ratoon salibu cultivation. Biodiversitas 23: 1065-1071. Modified Ratoon Salibu (MRS) differs from ratoon (Conventional Ratoon, CR). This research aims to investigate some rice varieties re-grown as CR and MRS after main crops are harvested. The experiment was conducted at Kuningan Experimental Station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research, using rice varieties as the main plot (Hipa 18, Hipa 19, Inpari 42, Inpari 43, IPB 3S, and Batang Piaman), and ratoon cultivation system as a sub-plot (CR and MRS), evaluated in the first (1) and second (2) generation after the main crop. The result showed that the growth character of MRS on plant height, stem diameter, blade-leaf size, root volume was significantly higher than that of CR. Furthermore, the yield component and yield were also significantly higher in MRS than CR. The CR yielded about 56.9 and 10.8 % of the main crops for R1 and CR2, respectively, whereas MRS yielded 121.0 and 93.8% of the main crops for MRS1 and MRS2, respectively. This finding could be a scientifically proven of local wisdom “Salibu” indigenous knowledge in Tanah Datar District of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Therefore, MRS could be recommended for suitable varieties and environmental conditions as the sustainable farming alternative to increase Cropping Index while still reaching high productivity.
Ecosystem services research trends in Indonesia: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Firdaus Najmi , SUPRIATNA SUPRIATNA , Supriatna Jatna
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Firdaus N, Supriatna, Supriatna J. 2022. Ecosystem services research trends in Indonesia: a bibliometric analysis. Biodiversitas 23: 1105-1117. Among the world's mega-biodiversity countries in the tropics, Indonesia has experienced the most severe deforestation in recent decades. It is alarming that the rate is potentially disrupting the future provision of ecosystem services. On the other hand, there is a paucity of research on ecosystem services in Indonesia, and its current state is unknown. This study provided an overview of ecosystem services research trends in Indonesia from 1998 to 2020 using bibliometric and science mapping analysis of 298 published works from the Scopus database. Since 2013, publications on the topic have increased and grown exponentially, with environmental science dominating the subjects, followed by agriculture and biology, and the social sciences. Biodiversitas and Ecosystem Services are the most prolific journals for publishing results, while Science and Ecological Economics have the most citations. Being the most productive in publications, Indonesia and the United States are also engaged the most in research collaborations. Ecosystem services research in Indonesia is closely linked to biodiversity, deforestation, and oil palm. Furthermore, oil palm, sustainability, and land-use change are promising topics to address in the coming years. This study suggests that the dynamics of ecosystem services research in Indonesia call for further developments in improving the quality of impactful research through interdisciplinary approaches, international collaboration, and the engagement of diverse stakeholders and policy-makers related to the field, to increase the benefits of sustainable ecosystem services in the future.
Bioprospecting of bacterial symbionts of sponge Spongia officinalis from Savu Sea, Indonesia for antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: PRASTIYANTO MUHAMMAD EVY , KARTIKA APRILIA INDRA , DARMAWATI SRI , RADJASA OCKY KARNA
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Prastiyanto ME, Kartika AI, Darmawati S, Radjasa OK. 2022. Bioprospecting of bacterial symbionts of sponge Spongia officinalis from Savu Sea, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia for antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 23: 1118-1124. Marine sponge Spongia sp. has been reported to have potential as an antibacterial agent. However, less information on the potential of bacterial symbionts of Spongia sp. as an antibacterial agent has been documented. The present investigation involves isolating bacterial symbionts of sponge Spongia officinalis and the characterization of antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Spongia officinalis was collected from Savu Sea, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia and its symbionts were isolated with Zobell marine agar media. The overlay method was used to screen the antibacterial activity against selected six MDR bacteria. Antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone. Identification of active bacterial symbionts was carried out based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed that four out of 10 symbionts showed antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria with an inhibition index ranging from 4.8 to 12.6 mm. Prastiyanto-1A and Prastiyanto-1E isolates demonstrated antibacterial activity against ESBL- Escherichia coli and ESBL + CRE- Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Pratiyanto-2A isolate showed antibacterial activity against MRSA, while Prastiyanto-4A isolates showed antibacterial activity against CRPA. The selected four isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus simplex using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and BLASTn analysis. These results provide information about the potential of bacterial symbionts of S. officinalis as natural antibacterial sources against MDR bacteria.
Antibacterial activity of bacteria isolated from earthworm (Pheretima sp.) gut against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro experiments supported by computational docking
Authors: HUSAIN DIRAYAH RAUF , WARDHANI RIUH , ERVIANI ANDI EVI
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Husain DR, Wardhani R, Erviani AE. 2022. Antibacterial activity of bacteria isolated from earthworm (Pheretimasp.) gut against Salmonella typhiand Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro experiments supported by computational docking. Biodiversitas 23: 1125-1131. Bacteria have a diverse ecology niche as the effect of a long evolutionary process. They can live along with other organisms as endosymbiont. Research into endosymbiont bacteria began because of their ability to increase host resistance, especially to pathogens. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial ability of endosymbiont bacterial isolates of earthworms Pheretimasp., Bacillus brevis, and Bacillus choshinensis that inhabit Pheretimasp. were isolated.The isolates were grown on tryptic soy broth media for 24 hours. The isolates were then purified using tryptic soy agar and biochemically tested to ensure both isolates are endosymbiotic bacteria. Antimicrobial activity was tested using agar diffusion methods in pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. Amoxicillin and chloramphenicol were used as positive controls. The inhibitory test results showed that incubation for 15 days effectively assessed pathogenic bacteria growth inhibition, marked by the largest inhibition zone (21.32 mm for Salmonella typhi and 16.88 mm for Staphylococcus aureus). They were very effective at inhibiting Salmonella typhiand Staphylococcus aureus growths.Endosymbiotic compounds’ had a potential as antimicrobial. The in silico test supports the inhibitory test, which concluded that endosymbiont isolates can be an antimicrobial characterized by low-binding affinity values (-8,6 on tyrocidine) on molecular docking analysis.
Moisture content, density, and allometric model for estimating above-ground biomass of Peronema canescens trees in the private forest
Authors: KHAN KAMRAN , LISTYANTO TOMY , SORAYA EMMA
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Khan K, Listyanto T, Soraya E. 2022. Moisture content, density, and allometric model for estimating above-ground biomass of Peronema canescens trees in the private forest. Biodiversitas 23: 1132-1139. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively measure the above-ground biomass (AGB) of Peronema canescens Jack species in a private forest in Indonesia using a destructive method and to develop an allometric model for the same. Six trees were sampled for above-ground biomass and their components (stem, branch, and leaves) were weighted and measured. Regression analysis was used for developing the allometric equation by using predictor variables of diameter at breast height (DBH), squared diameter at breast height together with height (DBH2H), and diameter and height separately (D & H). The average AGB of six sampled trees was 0.264 (26.38%) tons per tree. The fit allometric equation AGB = 0.254(DBH2H)0.886 was developed for estimating above-ground biomass of P canescens and it had 99.2% accuracy. The implications and recommendations were provided based on the results of the study.
Biological aspects of brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) from Taka Bonerate National Park, District of Selayar Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Fatma Fatma , Mallawa Achmar , Najamuddin Najamuddin , Zainuddin Mukti , Ayyub Fachrie Rezka
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Fatma, Mallawa A, Najamuddin, Zainuddin M, Ayyub FR. 2022. Biological aspects of brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) from Taka Bonerate National Park, District of Selayar Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1140-1153. Knowledge regarding biological aspects of fishes such as the brown-marbled grouper can provide important information for fisheries management. This research was conducted from February 2020 to February 2021 to determine the length-weight relationship, condition factor, gonad maturity stage and spawning pattern, size at first maturity and feeding habits of brown-marbled groupers in Taka Bonerate National Park. The sample caught comprised 1042 brown-marbled groupers with a total length (TL) range of 23-97 cm and a weight range of 0.5-17.6 kg. The length-weight equation was W: 0.0001?L2.5955 (R²: 0.8935). For male brown-marbled grouper (n: 569), TL range was 47-97 cm, weight range 1.65-17.60 kg, regression equation W: 0.0002?L2.4731 (R²: 0.7716), condition factor range 0.56-2.36 (mean 1.236±1.019), and length at first maturity 66.34 cm. For female brown-marbled grouper (n: 473) TL range was 23-73 cm (mean 46.84 cm), weight range 0.50-6.6 kg (mean 2.23 kg), regression equation W: 0.0007?L2.1057 (R²: 0.7416), condition factor range 0.55-2.17 (mean 1.225±1.018), and length at first maturity 45.43 cm. The growth pattern was negative allometric with regression coefficient b < 3 for both sexes separately and combined. The majority of both male and female fish caught had mature gonads with indications of a partial spawning pattern. The fish diet was carnivorous, predominantly piscivorous (74%), with gut contents comprising 64% unidentified fish and 26% unidentified decapod crustaceans. Over-exploitation of fish can cause negative impacts on populations, so the relationship between length and weight, condition factors and maturity level gonad of fish can be used in fisheries management.
Short Communication: Dextran production using Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains isolated from Borassus flabellifer sap
Authors: MA'UNATIN ANIK , HARIJONO HARIJONO , ZUBAIDAH ELOK , RIFA'I MUHAIMIN
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Ma'unatin A, Harijono, Zubaidah E, Rifa'i M. 2022. Short Communication: Dextran production using Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains isolated from Borassus flabellifer sap. Biodiversitas 23: 1154-1158. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a carbohydrate polymer secreted by several bacteria in their growth period, including Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Dextran is a type of EPS produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides and is used widely in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potency of two strains of L. mesenteroides isolated from Borassus flabellifer L. (lontar) sap, namely L. mesenteroides N5 and N7 for dextran production using the MRS broth medium supplemented with sucrose at varying concentrations of 5, 10, and 15% (w/v). The results showed that L. mesenteroides N5 produced dextran of 14.53 g/L in medium with 15% sucrose, while L. mesenteroides N7 yielded 13.16 g/L at 10% sucrose. The characteristics of selected dextran showed that it contains 89.93% total carbohydrate, 2.33% protein and has a surface structure with tight pore for dextran N5 while the dextran N7 contains 87.84% total carbohydrates, 2.22% protein and has looser porous surface structure.
An evaluation of an agroforestry system with 2-year-old sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and shade-tolerant upland rice
Authors: TSANIYA SAHIDA HAURANI , WIJAYANTO NURHENI , WIRNAS DESTA
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Tsaniya SH, Wijayanto N, Wirnas D. 2022. An evaluation of an agroforestry system with 2-year-old sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and shade-tolerant upland rice. Biodiversitas 23: 1159-1166. Sengon is tree species that is often cultivated with upland rice in agroforestry systems. The main obstacle of rice development in agroforestry systems are competition between plants for sunlight and nutrients. 2-year-old sengon has a wider canopy and longer roots, increasing competition between sengon and rice. Planting upland rice in this condition requires strategies, such as selecting shade-tolerant rice varieties and rice plantations inside bamboo. This study aimed to evaluate the agroforestry system of sengon and shade-tolerant upland rice when the sengon plants were two years old and evaluate the effectiveness of using bamboo to reduce the competition between sengon and upland rice. This research was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021 in the Cikabayan Forest, IPB University, Bogor, West Java. This study one-factor completely randomized design to analyze the growth of sengon provenances and a three-factor completely randomized design with three replications to analyze the growth and yield of rice. The first factor was the cultivation system (Solomon F1 agroforestry, Solomon F2 agroforestry, local sengon agroforestry, and rice monoculture), the second factor was the planting method (using bamboo and without bamboo), and the third factor was rice varieties (Rindang 1 Agritan and Rindang 2 Agritan). The results showed that Solomon and local sengon in this study had a growth that was not significantly different and had low diversity. The results also showed that 2-year-old sengon spacing 3 m x 1.5 m caused great shade and high competition, leading to low rice yields.
Short Communication: Terpenoids isolated from Lansium domesticum fruit peel induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in T-47D cell lines
Authors: FADHILAH KHUSNUL , WAHYUONO SUBAGUS , ASTUTI PUJI
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Fadhilah K, Wahyuono S, Astuti P. 2022. Short Communication: Terpenoids isolated from Lansium domesticum fruit peel induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in T-47D cell lines. Biodiversitas 23: 1167-1171. One of the characteristics of cancer cells is uncontrolled proliferation. This can be caused by aberrant in the proteins that play a role in the process of apoptosis and cell cycle. Lamesticumin A and 2-ethyl,3-(1’-hydroxy-2’-menthene) propenal have been isolated from ethyl acetate extract of L. domesticum fruit peel had cytotoxicity against T-47D cells. However, the study on how these terpenoids induce cell death is still unknown. Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of the compounds in cell cycle modulation and apoptotic induction. The terpenoid compounds induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S phase in a dose dependent manner. Compound 1 synergized the effect of doxorubicin in inducing cell death through mechanism involving the cell cycle. Compound 1 revealed better activity in killing T-47D cells rather than compound 2. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of these compounds in promoting cell death of breast cancer.
Occurrence of soil-inhabiting entomopathogenic fungi within a conventional and organic farm and their virulence against Spodoptera litura
Authors: AFANDHI AMINUDIN , CHOLIQ FERY ABDUL , FERNANDO ITO , MARPAUNG YOSEP MINAR ALBERT NANDUS , SETIAWAN YOGO
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Afandhi A, Choliq FA, Fernando I, Marpaung YMAN, Setiawan Y. 2022. Occurrence of soil-inhabiting entomopathogenic fungi within a conventional and organic farm and their virulence against Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas 23: 1172-1180. Naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are important components in agroecosystems as they serve as biocontrol agents of insect and mite pests. However, some cultivation practices may have deleterious effects on EPF. In this study, the occurrence of soil-inhabiting EPF was investigated between a conventional and organic farm. EPF was baited using Tenebrio molitor larvae, and their virulence was tested against Spodoptera litura larvae. The results showed a higher occurrence of EPF in the organic farm than the conventional farm, with Aspergillus sp., Beauveria sp., and Gliocladium sp. were exclusively found in organic soils. Among the twenty-five EPF isolates obtained, only four isolates were avirulent against S. litura larvae. Isolates belonging to Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Paecilomyces genera caused high mortality of S. litura larvae ranging from 40 to 65%. There was a significant positive relationship between the conidial viability of EPF and larval mortality. Since virulent isolates were found in conventional soils, efforts in preserving EPF prevalence are needed through the implementation of appropriate cultivation practices. The synthetic agrochemicals exclusion, organic fertilizers application, and crop rotation practiced in the organic farm should be integrated into any other agroecosystems as a form of conservation biological control strategies to strengthen the pest control service provided by EPF.