bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloning gene fragment containing sequences of B gene activates anthocyanin biosynthesis in local sticky corn cultivars (Zea mays subsp. ceratina (Kuelshov) Zhuk)
Authors: Nhàn Phạm Thị Thanh , Đức Lê Hoàng , Ngà Nguyễn Thị Thu , Bình Lê Trần
Published: April 2018

Sticky corn (Zea mays subsp. ceratina (Kuelshov) Zhuk) is one of the widely grown plants in Vietnam, especially in mountainous regions. The local cultivars play an important role for people living in regions with water limitation and mountain slopes. Anthocyanin is considered a sign of the stress caused by drought. The expression of the structural genes and enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in parts of maize require the presence of transcription factors belonging to MYB, Myc (or bHLH) and WD40. Genes of the MYB family regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis have been studied including C1 (Colored Aleurone 1), P1 (Purple), Pl (Purple leaf). Similarly, genes of Myc family (or bHLH) have been studied including B, R, Sn and Lc (Leaf color). Locus B (or b1) consist of alleles B- I, B- Peru, B-Bolivia. These proteins activate structural genes CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, Bz, in which CHS, DFR and F3H are key genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis. This paper analyzed the sequence of a segment of B gene that activates anthocyanin biosynthesis. We have cloned and determined the sequence of a part of genes B from NH and BS1 maize cultivars. The sequence consists of 801 nucleotides encoding 267 amino acids. The deduced protein of segments of gene B has 9 amino acid position changes among NH, BS1 and b1 gene on GenBank. The sequence of a segment of B gene in NH and BS1 had high similarity with genes b1, B1 and B- Peru (98.8%, 99.1% and 98.8%).
The resistant ability to weevils and the characteristics of VrPDF1 gene of some mungbean cultivars (Vigna radiata L.Wilczek)
Authors: Thao Hoàng Thị , Tường Hồ Mạnh , Lan Nguyễn Thị Ngọc , Thanh Nguyễn Vũ Thanh , Sơn Nguyễn Văn , Mậu Chu Hoàng
Published: April 2018

Plant defensins play a role against the seed-feeding insects. Defensin associates with the center of α-amylase activity in the gut of weevils, thus inhibiting the digestion of starch by weevils. In this study, the resistance of eight mungbean cultivars to weevils was evaluated by the method of artificial weevils infection. The Tam TH cultivar had lowest index of susceptibility to weevils (634.63) and DX22 cultivar had highest index (1058.72), and the highest resistance to weevils was found in Tam TH and DX22 was found to have the lowest resistance. VrPDF1 genes isolated from mungbean cultivars are 356 bp in length with two exons interrupted by an intron. The coding region of the VrPDF1 gene is 228 bp in length, encoding 75 amino acids. The comparative results of the nucleotide sequence of cDNA between Tam TH  and DX22 showed that there was a difference in 13 nucleotides and comparison of amino acid sequences of the deduced protein indicated that there was a difference in 9 amino acids. Within the intron region of the VrPDF1 genes there was difference in 5 nucleotides. The genetic distance based on nucleotide sequences of the coding region of VrPDF1 gene of DX22 and seven other mungbean cultivars is 6.2% and based on the amino acid sequence deduced is 7.7%. The coding region of the VrPDF1 gene of DX22 was used to create a transformation vector aimed at creating weevil-resistant transgenic mungbean.
Research on in vitro micropropagation of Lilium brownii F.E. Brown
Authors: Sâm Vũ Hoài , Quỳnh Bùi Đức , Hương Nguyễn Thị , Khiêm Nguyễn Văn
Published: April 2018

Lilium brownii Brown belonging Lilium genus and Liliaceae family is well-known as a popular medicinal species, as well as food source and beautiful ornamental flowers. The specie has unique and ornamental floral characteristics such as light and elegant fragrance and perianth color rapidly changing from yellowish cream to white during anthesis. In traditional medicine, it is used for treatment cough, sedation diuretic, bronchitis... In nature, it can be found in subtropical climate moutainous areas in the North such as Sa Pa, Bat Xat, Mu Cang Chai; Sin Ho and Phong Tho, Quang Ba and Dong Van. In recent years, this species has been listed in the Red List for medicinal plants in Vietnam due to over-exploitation. The only effective strategy for sustaible conservation this species is in vitro micropropagation. In this study, in vitro plant regeneration and micropropagation of L. brownii was established from bubles and stem nodes. After surface sterilization with 0.1% HgCl­2 in 10 minutes, healthy young shoots were obtained from initial bubles and stem nodes on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP or 0.5 mg/l NAA, respectively.  Bulblets also were formed from young shoot on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA. The highest number of 4.5 bulblets per an explant was recorded from longitude-divided bubbles on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.2 mg/l BAP after 60 days in culture. The regererated plants produced quality roots on half strength MS supplemented with the combination of 1.0 mg/ l NAA and 0.2 mg / l BAP. More than 90% of rooted plants in vitro were survival on artificial soil TN1 in the nursery.
The genetic basis of psoriasis
Authors: Liên Nguyễn Thị Kim , Hoàng Nguyễn Huy
Published: April 2018

Psoriasis is a chronic dermatitis disease. Although the disease is not dangerous but it affects patients’s life in many aspects and involving a large number of people in the world. Besides that, psoriasis related to many other diseases such as metabolic disorder, diabetes, cardiovascular disease or can develop into servere arthritis and psoriasis arthritis leading to joint deformities. HLAC gene located on chromosome 6 (locus PSORS1) is known to have an important role in the susceptibility of disease. Besides, investigations showed that psoriasis is controlled by many loci and genes. By using traditional methods and genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been identified 13 loci and many genes involved of disease. However, the role of each locus and gene influence to the susceptibility of disease, presentation of disease, time onset and the links with other diseases have not yet been defined clearly. Among the relevant loci, the PSORS1 locus still considered the main influence on the susceptibility of disease. Noteworthy, the factors of age, gender and race have influences to the disease manifestation of different loci. The studies also provides evidences of the relation of proriasis and increasing risk cardiovascular, hypertension, diabetes and other diseases. So that, by understanding the genetic basis of the disease, the doctors and patients can get orientation in prevention, treatment and minimizing the impact of the disease. In this article, we give a clearer view of the genetic basis of psoriasis.
Construction of vector and transformation of drought-responsive gene OsNAC1 into J02 (Oryza sativa L. Japonica) rice
Authors: Hằng Phạm Thu , Hiếu Đàm Quang , Nghĩa Phan Tuấn , Hội Phạm Xuân
Published: April 2018

NAC (including NAM - no apical meristem, ATAF1/2 - Arabidopsis transcription activation factor and CUC2 - cup-shaped cotyledon), which is the largest plant transcription factor family, plays an important role in development and stress responses in plants. Protein of this family is characterized by a highly conserved DNA binding domain, known as NAC domain in the N-terminal region. In contrast, the C-terminal region of NAC proteins, usually containing the transcriptional activation domain, is highly diversified both in length and sequence. More than 100 members of this family have been identified in rice. However, only a few of them have been functionally characterized, especially in rice. Gene encoding transcription factor OsNAC1 has been proved to play an important role in drought stress in plants. The CaMV35S promoter derived from the common plant virus, cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), is a component of transgenic constructs in more than 80% of genetically modified (GM) plants. It is the promoter of choice for plant genetic engineering, as it is a strong and constitutive promoter. In this study, an expression vector harboring OsNAC1 in the form of CaMV35S:OsNAC1:Nos was constructed and transferred into J02 (Oryza sativa L. Japonica) rice plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The presence of the transgene was confirmed by PCR using OsNAC1 specific primers. T0 CaMV35S:OsNAC1:Nos transgenic lines were selected from transgenic plants. The obatained results are expected to be further exploited for development of stress tolerant rice varieties in the future.
Characteristics of defensin1 gene and designing structure to create resistant transgenic corn lines to weevils
Authors: Thủy Vì Thị Xuân , Thu Lò Thị Mai , Tường Hồ Mạnh , Sơn Lê Văn , Thanh Nguyễn Vũ Thanh , Mậu Chu Hoàng
Published: April 2018

Plant defensins are multifunctional proteins, inhibiting the growth of fungal, anti-bacterial, altering membrane channels, inhibiting activity of trypsin and α-amylase. Plant defensin consists of 18 groups in which the group 1 includes  defensins to inhibit either α-amylase enzyme or trypsin. Defensins bind to the active site of α-amylase in the weevil gut, thus inhibit starch digestion in weevils. In this report, we present the results of cloning and determining the ZmDEF1 gene sequence isolated from mRNA and DNA of Sonla province local maize and LVN99 hybrid maize cultivar. The coding region of ZmDEF1 gene isolated from some maize samples had the size of 243 nucleotides, encoding 80 amino acids. Gen ZmDEF1 isolated from DNA had the size 345bp consists of two exons and one in tron (102 bp). The nucleotide sequences of ZmDEF1 gene (DNA) of the samples have 6 positions nucleotide difference, on exon 1 has two points difference (position 43, 53), on intron has a difference (position 150), on exon 2 has 3 nucleotide site difference (203, 263 and 297 position). Deduced amino acid sequences of defensin of the Sonla local maize sample has 8 cysteines to make 4 disulfide bridges, while LVN99 hybrid maize has 7 cysteines, which can formed only 3 disulfide bridges. Transformation vector pBetaPhaso-ZmDEF1 has been designed successfully, in which ZmDEF1 is controlled by seed specific Phasoline promoter. The correct insertion and expression of ZmDEF1 was examinated in transgenic tobacco plants throught PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. These results provide an firm evident for using the designed transformation vector to produce transgenic maỉze lines with an improved resistant ability  to weevils.
The effects of intensities, lighting periods of red led and blue led on growth, development on in vitro chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. CV. “Jimba”)
Authors: Tùng Hoàng Thanh , Sang Nguyễn Thanh , Tuấn Nguyễn Xuân , Nam Nguyễn Bá , Huy Nguyễn Phúc , Hiền Vũ Thị , Luận Vũ Quốc , Nhựt Dương Tấn
Published: April 2018

In this study, the influence of different LED lighting intensities, different lighting periods of red LED and blue LED on growth, development and chlorophyll a and b synthesis on in vitro Chrysanthemum were presented. Shoot tips were inoculated and were put under 70% red LED: 30% blue LED lighting condition with different LED lighting intensities: 30, 45 and 60 µmol.m-2.s-1; different LED lighting periods: weekly intermittent lighting with red LED/blue LED (blue LED or red LED lighting for the first week), intermittent lighting with red LED/blue LED for each two weeks (blue LED or red LED lighting for the first two weeks). After 6 weeks of cultured, the results showed that LED lighting source with intensity 60 µmol.m-2.s-1 had the best stimulation on growth and development of Chrysanthemum; however, under intensity 45 µmol.m-2.s-1, chlorophyll a and b content still were the highest. In addition, weekly intermittent lighting with red LED and blue LED (blue LED was lighted at the first week) gave the best results on growth and development of Chrysanthemum. Thus, the most suitable LED lighting intensity for growth and development of in vitro Chrysanthemum was 60 µmol.m-2.s-1, and weekly intermittent lighting with red LED and blue LED (blue LED was lighted at the first week) will promote the growth and development of in vitro Chrysanthemum. The survival rates, growth and development of plants under 70% red LED: 30% blue LED and 50% red LED: 50% blue LED were higher than those of plants under Florescent, after 4 weeks of cultured in the greenhouse.
Using biomass of heterotrophic marine microalga Schizochytrium for improving docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6-3) in chicken eggs
Authors: Anh Hoàng Thị Lan , Quỳnh Hoàng Thị Hương , Việt Trần Quốc , Hồng Nguyễn Thị , Huyền Ninh Thị , Hồng Đặng Diễm
Published: April 2018

The consumers’ demand for food products of superior health quality are growing. Many researches have been conducted to enhance nutritional value of foods as meat, eggs, and milk. Eggs are considered the most convenient way to supply bioactive nutrients. While protein and total lipid concentrations of eggs are not readity altered, fatty acid composition, mineral and vitamin contents can be modified by feeding the hens with certain dietary ingredients. In this study, we investigated the effect of adding microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6 biomass in basal diet on egg production and egg quality parameters, especially docosahexaenoic acid content (DHA, C22:6w-3) of laying hens. Total number of 60 line G3 laying hens (mix between line HA and Hungary, 51-60 weeks of age) were randomly allotted into one of three groups by 20 hens each (KPCS, KP1 and KP2). All groups of hens were fed basal diets of standard ingredients while feed of KP1 and KP2 group of hens was supplemented with S. mangrovei PQ6 biomass as a source of w-3 fatty acid in amount of 1 and 5 % respectively. The obtained results have shown that, after trial 10 weeks, addional microalgal biomass in the diet of hens did not effect on egg production and normal egg quality parameters (egg weight, ratio of yolk and albumen, Haugh unit, yolk color). However, adding 5% microalga biomass in diet improved markedly DHA content in egg (reached up to 234.19 mg/egg) compared to that in control (52.85 mg/egg) and 1% level of microalgal biomass in basal diet (54.15 mg/egg).
Optimization of β-D-galactosidase rapid enzyme assay using Escherichia coli ATCC 8739
Authors: Tu Le Thi Anh , Le Le Ba
Published: April 2018

The bacterial enzyme, β-D-galactosidase, catalyzes the breakdown of the complex sugar lactose into its components - galactose and glucose-  simple sugars. The glycolysis of lactose by β-D-galactosidase is a point of attack for studies of the biochemical problem in disaccharide utilization and the genetic basis of enzyme constitution β-D galactosidase. The aim of the present study was to focus on optimization of a rapid enumeration method based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactoside (MUGal) for toxicity test using Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 8739 as a model. This rapid assay is based on the assumption that β-D-galactosidase is one marker for E. coli ATCC 8739. The enzymatic activity of E. coli ATCC 8739 was measured in a 25-minute assay. The effects of pH, temperature, nutrition, and substrate concentrations on enzyme activity were investigated. The enzyme β-D-galactosidase was shown to be induced with the inducer isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The high level of production of β-D-galactosidase was found at bacteria incubated in tryptic soy broth without dextrose with IPTG. The optimum pH and temperature for β-D-galactosidase activity of E. coli ATCC 8739 was found to be 6.8 and 44.5 oC, respectively. The enzyme activity detected increased when raising the concentrations of the substrate (MUGal). The good linear correlation between logarithms of enzyme activities and CFU showed following supported the use of this method for toxicity experiments. Enzymatic methods and reference plate counts were significantly correlated. This method is sensitive, simple to perform and can be used as an alternative for traditional methods in detecting cell viability.
Lipid biosynthesis of ten thraustochytrid strains isolated from mangrove Xuan Thuy, Nam Dinh
Authors: Đào Phạm Thị Bích , Tuấn Nguyễn Đình , Khoa Trần Đăng , Huyên Chử Thị , Thành Đỗ Hoàng , Hà Nguyễn Thị Hoài
Published: April 2018

The features of polyunsaturated fatty acid-PUFA structures were corresponded to each separate functions  as adjusting the cellular physiology and gene expression. Therefore, lack of PUFA could lead to abnormalities in skin, kidney, neural networks, immune responses and inflammation; cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory and reproductive systems. In fish oil, PUFA content were low, thus it was difficult to produce on a large scale. Therefore, the exploration of PUFA sources particularly as arachidonic acid-AA, eicosapentaenoic acid EPA, docosapentaenoic acid-DPA/DHA attracted many researches. Heterotrophic microalgae Thraustochytrids were capable of producing high amounts of DHA and PUFA composition varied. DHA can be synthesized by the metabolism of AA, EPA and DPA. The different types of PUFA reflected relationships in classification. Ten heterotrophic microalgae thraustochytrids isolated from mangrove Xuan Thuy, Nam Dinh contain fatty acid composition varied from C12 to C28. Especially, they had two important fatty acids of PUFA as EPA and DPA. Polyunsaturated fatty acids - PUFA content of ten thraustochytrid strains were from 28.95 to 49.62% total lipid. DPA compared to other PUFA were high for all thraustochytrid strains studied, accounting 20.22 to 39.35% TFA. Ten thraustochytrid strains had the highest growth with carbon source as glucose, total lipid reached 7 to 12.35 % dry weight biomass after 72 hours. Growth rate and lipid biosynthesis in organic nitrogen source were higher than in inorganic nitrogen sources. The best source of nitrogen for growth and lipid biosynthesis of ten thraustochytrid strains is yeast extract, total lipid were 8.57 to 18.87% dry weight biomass after 72 hours.
Table of contents (Volum 14 Number 3 (2016))
Authors: Biotechnology Journal Of
Published: April 2018

Volum 14 Number 3 (2016)
Identification of mutation in the RET gene in a patient with medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Hà Nguyễn Hải , Yến Trần Thị Hải , Nhung Vũ Phương , Thương Ma Thị Huyền , Tôn Nguyễn Đăng , Hải Nông Văn
Published: April 2018

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a type of tumors drived from thyroid parafollicular cells (C-cells), comprises 5–10% of all thyroid malignancies. About 25% of MTC cases occur as an autosomal dominant heredited disorder which is mostly caused by activating mutations of RET pro-oncogen and they occur as components of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes (MEN 2A and 2B) or familial MTC. The guidelines for genetic testing in MTC of the European Thyroid Association recommend that exons 5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16 should always be screened starting in patients. This study aims to identify the genetic causes of a male patient diagnosed with MEN2 and pheochromocytoma. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of patient. Eight recommened exons (5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16) of the RET gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced by Sanger method on the ABI 3500 genetic annalyzer. The results showed a heterozygous C to T transition at nucleotide 2753 in exon 16 of the RET gene. The c.2753 C>T transition resulted in a missense mutation of methionine to threonine (p.M918T) in the RET protein. This mutation was located in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of protein and has been reported in 95% of MEN2B cases, therefore, it would be the causative mutant of our patient. Our patient harboring a pM918T germline mutation and there is a 50% probability that he will pass this mutation to a child. Thus, his six-year-old boy with normal health status was advised to have the genetic test for this mutation. The results showed that he had not inherited the mutation c.2753T> C from his father.
Assessment of bacterial cellulose membrane produced by Acetobacter xylinum used as scaffold for mouse fibroblast culture
Authors: Anh Nguyễn Thị Kim , Dương Hoàng Thùy , Hòa Trần Thị Khánh , Kiều Nguyễn Thị Thanh
Published: April 2018

In recent years, bacterial cellulose material has been considered as a potential biotechnological product for biomedical applications. Previous studies described some special properties of bacterial cellulose, such as water holding capacity, high polymerization, high crystallization, high purity, and strength. In this study, bacterial cellulose membrane produced by Acetobacter xylinum was examined for its possibility to use as a scaffold for cell to grow. Firstly, mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose membrane including strength, stress at break, strain at break, and modulus were analyzed. Secondly, cellulose fiber structure was observed with scanning electron microscope. Lastly, biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose membrane was investigated for application as scaffold for cell culture. The results showed that bacterial cellulose membrane had fine fibres arranged to form 3-D porous structured hydrogel. Also, the mechanical qualities of material were suitable for using as a biomaterial. Fibroblast cells isolated from mouse’s skin and tail bone were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. Cells then collected and sew into bacterial cellulose membrane placed in cell culture disk. At different time points at 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days after sowing the cells, it is clearly seen that cells can adhere, grow and expand on the surface of cellulose membrance placed on cell culture disk, as comparible as cells cultured in disk without cellulose membrance. In conclusion, bacterial cellulose membrane is a suitable material for cell culture as a scaffold. The results observed from this study might be suggestions for next investigations on using bacterial cellulose membrane as scaffold for tissue engineering.
Study of the biological effect of oligochitosan prepared by γ-CO-60 irradiation method on Spirulina platensis
Authors: Luân Lê Quang , Xô Dương Hoa
Published: April 2018

Chitosan with initial molecular weight (Mw) about 193 kDa and the deacetylation degree of about 80% was irradiated by gamma rays from a Co-60 source in powder state for degradation. The results on Mw estimation by gel permeation chromatography method indicated that oligochitosan products with Mw from 3.7 to 28.9 kDa were successfully prepared by irradiation of chitosan samples at doses from 300 to 2000 kGy. The prepared oligochitosans were then supplemented into the cultivated media for investigation of the biological effect on the cyanobacteria (blue – green alga) namely Spilurina platensis. The obtained results indicated that all of radiation degraded chitosan samples showed a growth promotion effect on the enhancement of fresh and dried biomass S. platensis after 7 days supplementation. The oligochitosan product with Mw ~ 15,4 kDa obtained from the irradiation dose of 500 kGy displayed the best growth promotion effect for the tested alga and the optimum concentration for supplementation of this product was found at 100 ppm. In addition, The supplementation with 100 ppm of the oligochitosan product enhanced 49.5% the fresh biomass and 59.1% the dried biomass of the tested alga after 7 days cultivating. The addition of oligochitosan also increased the dried matter, protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents of the harvested alga product in 7.0, 23.3, 27.3 and 37.5%, respectively. It can be seen that the oligochitosan product prepared from natural organic compound by gamma Co-60 irradiation method promised to be potential used as a safe and highly effective growth promoter for alga to biomass production of S. platensis.
Qualification and quantification of huperzine a from Huperia serrata in Da Lat, Lam Dong province
Authors: Ngọc Vũ Thị , Hạnh Phạm Thị , Anh Lê Thị Lan , Đạt Nguyễn Tiến , Thủy Lê Thị Bích
Published: April 2018

Huperzine A, an alkaloid, was originally isolated from Huperzia serrata. This compound potentially enhances the memory in animal, hence, it has been approved as a drug for the clinical treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, a major disease affecting the elderly population throughout the world. Because Huperzine A is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, the presentation of Huperzine A in brain inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, thus, leading to the increase in concentration of acetylcoline. In Vietnam, H. serrata distributed in Sapa (Lao Cai) and Da Lat (Lam Dong), this species provide valuable pharmaceutical materials to the treatment for Alzheimer’s diseases. In this research, we evaluated the availability of Huperzine A in Huperzia serrata, which was collected from Da Lat (Lam Dong) in two seasons: Spring and Autunm. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) method was used to preliminary qualitative analysis. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were used for determining Huperzine A content in samples. In the result, Huperzine A is almost existed in leaves of Da Lat Huperzia serrata and equivalent levels of Chinese Huperzia serrata. The Content of Huperzine A was different between two collection samples in Spring and Autumn, by analyze HPLC data, the samples was harvested in Autumn contents 92.5 µg.g-1dry sample and the spring is 75.4 µg.g-1 dry sample. Therefore, the content of Huperzine A in Huperzia serrata’s leaves sample is  harvested in the fall compared with samples collected in the spring is higher 17.1 µg.g-1dry samples.
Vector construction to enhance GP5 antigen expression of virus PRRS in plant cells
Authors: Sen Đào Thị , Mai Nguyễn Chi , Liên Lê Quỳnh , Linh Trần Mỹ , Hà Chu Hoàng , Vân Nguyễn Tường
Published: April 2018

Plant vaccine is a new tool to enrich available vaccine resources for protection of human and animal health. Plant vaccine offers several advantages over current conventional vaccines, including that storage and transportationare convenient after lyophilization, production costs are low, and the contamination of mammalian pathogens is avoided. However, the low expression of foreign genes in plant still exists that limits the application of this kind of vaccine. Presently, plant virus-based expression vectors represent a technology that enables high levels of recombination proteins to be produced efficiently in plant cells. In this study, a modified TMV-based vector to elevate glycoprotein GP5 of PRRSV in plant cells without negative effects in the development of plant cells was developed. Gene encoded GP5 was replaced CP of TMV and the whole was regulated by the heat shock protein Hsp 18.2 promoter. Transgenic BY-2 cells carrying pHsp-TMV-GP5 showed the normal development compared to the ones harbouring pCB-35S-TMV-GP5. The results showed that the Hsp-TMV-GP5 construct do not have a negative effect on viability of transgenic plant cells. A further study will be carried out to investigate the expression of GP5 in stable transgenic plant cells to confirm the benefit of the modified expression vector in development of rapid and cost-effective antigens in plant cell suspension culture.
Investigation of explants sterilization process, effect of light intensity and concentration of agar for callus induction of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) doty (Rhodophyta) in vitro
Authors: Mơ Vũ Thị , Reddy CRK
Published: April 2018

Objective of this study was to ascertain the optimum condition for callus induction of K. alvarezii (Doty) in vitro such as to determine the explants sterilization process, the effect of intensity of light and the concentration of agar. Fresh thalli treated with 0.5% - 1% detergent for 5 mins followed by 0.5% - 1% betadine for 2 – 3 mins and incubated with 0.5% - 1% broad spectrum antibiotic mixture in PES medium for 1 day produced 95 – 98% bacteria free healthy explants.  Two independent experiments with light intensity and agar contentration of the environment were carried out at 5 different levels of 0, 5, 25, 50, 70 µmol photon.m2.s-1 and 9 agar concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%; 1.0%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%. The highest callus induction rate was (96 ± 3.5 – 98 ± 2.1%) at 5 - 25 µmol photon.m-2.s-1 and (87 ± 5.8% – 90 ± 5.0%) in 1% - 3% agar concentration after 2 weeks of explants. The highest callus living rate was 98% at the light intensity of 25 µmol photon.m-2.s-1 and (75 ± 5.7 – 84 ± 1.1%) in 0.75 – 1.5% agar concentration after 2 months of explants. The highest callus re-induction rate was 50 – 55% at the light intensity of 5 – 25 µmol photon.m-2.s-1 and 60 – 65% in 1 – 1.5% agar concentration. Callus was not observed in dark condition (0 µmol photon.m-2.s-1). These calluses, that were strong, big and had filamentous type, will be a good material for the next production stage of embryonic callus production and seedling regeneration from micropropagules.
Isolation of insect parasitic fungi Corrdyceps spp. rich in bioactive beauvericin from Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An
Authors: Lan Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Thúy Đinh Thị Ngọc , Bình Nguyễn Thị Thanh
Published: April 2018

Insect parasitic fungi Cordyceps sp. B6 was isolated as single spores from fungi on the host insect pupae of Lepidoptera, collected at Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An, Vietnam. Cordyceps B6 strain was identified by the method of molecular biology, in which the DNA of the strain was extracted, cleaned and used as a template to amplify the gene segment using primers for ITS1 and ITS2. ITS gene segment of the strain was sequenced and compared to sequences in the GeneBank database using BLAST (NCBI). With the similarity of 99% compared to the corresponding gene fragment of Cordyceps takaomontana, Cordyceps B6 strain was identified as C. takaomontana. C. takaomontana B6 was best activated with liquid medium CT1 containing glucose 20 g/l, yeast extract 5 g / l, peptone 10 g/l, KH2PO4 1 g/l, 0.5 g MgSO4/l . In this medium, the density could reach 5 x 106 spores cells/ml after 7 days of culture. When surface fermentation performed in appropriate conditions (25 °C, pH= 7, light intensity 200 lux, humidity 80%), the fresh weight of 18.72 g/vial of spore cells  and 2.09 mg of active  beauvericin per gram of  freeze-dry weight were obtained after 45 days  of culture. With a high concentration of active beauvericin, C. takaomontana B6 could be considered as a potential source for development of functional food and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.
Survival of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus in acidic environment is enhanced in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Han Le Nguyen , Dao Dong Thi Anh
Published: April 2018

A number of health benefits have been proved for probiotic bacteria by many studies and probiotics are increasingly incorporated into foods. However, these market preparations have shown low viability of probiotics in human digestion. Therefore, providing viable probiotic cells to the colon and maintaining their metabolic activity against severe conditions of human digestion are increasingly interested by many recent scientific researches. In this trend, our research showed that by creating a physical barrier, the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) in Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) suspension can effectively protect probiotic cells from stresses of digestion. After 150 minutes in simulated gastric juice, the survival of LA is significant improved (p<0.05) by forming cell-cell contact with SC cells. The LA-only cells show that most cells die with viability of 0% due to low pH medium, compared with 11.025 ± 1.127% of LA+SC mixture. Besides, we found that the cell concentration ratio at 1:10 between SC and LA cells performs highest protective effects on the probiotic in the acidic environment with 10.122 ± 1.348% LA viability. This concentration ratio is the critical value because when the SC concentration is increasingly higher (SC÷LA concentration ratios higher than 1÷10), LA viability shows no significantly different increase. We also found that yeast cells with oxidized carbohydrates on cell’s surface have many adverse impacts on co-aggregation (4.003 ± 0.115% after 240-minute treatment) while non-viable yeast cells with damaged and denatured protein on cell’s surface still maintains a high percentage of co-aggregation with LA (26.050 ± 0.259% after 240-minute treatment).
Cloning cDNA sequence coding the KSA-1 lectin from red alga Kappaphycus striatum cultivated in Vietnam
Authors: Hung Le Dinh , Trung Dinh Thanh
Published: April 2018

The red alga Kappaphycus striatum is economically important food species and extensively cultivated in Vietnam. This cultivated alga may thus now contribute as a source of not only carrageenan, but also other bioactive compounds for biochemical and medicinal uses. KSA-1 lectin from this alga has been evaluated for biochemical properties, including high-mannose binding specificity, N-terminal amino acid sequence and molecular mass. In this study, we have cloned the cDNA clone encoding the lectin KSA-1. The full-length sequence of cDNA clone of KSA-1 lectin encoded a polypeptide of 268 amino acids including initiating methionine, with four tandemly repeated domains of about 67 amino acids, and sharing 43% sequence identity. The primary structure and the amino acid residues interact with mannopentaose core structure per a repeat domain of the KSA-1 lectin highly resemble and match those of anti-virus the lectin family in lower organinsms, including bacteria [BOA from Burkholderia oklahomensis EO147, MBHA from Myxococcus xanthus and PFA from Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1], cyanobacteria [OAA from Oscillatoria agardhii] and red algae [ESA-2 from Eucheuma serra, EDA-2 from Eucheuma denticulatum, KAA-1 and KAA-2 from Kappaphycus alvarezii and KSA-2 from K. striatum]. Analysis of predicted secondary structure of KSA-1 showed twenty β-strands. Each repeated domain comprises the five β-strands and matches with number of β-strands of BOA lectin. Therefore, the red alga K. striatum could be a good source for application in biomedicine and biochemistry as materials for production of the functional lectin(s).
Preparation of antibacterial polypropylene grafted acrylic acid and immobilized silver nanoparticles by γ-irradiation method
Authors: Viet Dang Hoang , Xo Duong Hoa , Luan Le Quang
Published: April 2018

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are now being widely used as antibacterial agents due to their strong bactericidal properties and low toxicity on mammalian cells. In this study, γ-rays irradiation method was used to synthesize AgNPs from silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution and to graft acrylic acid (AAc) onto porous polypropylene (PP). Porous PP grafted with AAc (PP-g-AAc) was then immobilized with AgNPs for preparing the antimicrobial materials (PP-g-AAc/AgNPs). The results demonstrated that the grafting yield of AAc onto PP increased by the increasing of irradiation dose as well as AAc concentration. The PP-g-AAc samples with grafting degrees from 1.2 to 29.8% were immobilized with AgNPs (d ~ 10 nm, 500 ppm) to obtain antimicrobial properties. The immobilized Ag contents were from 132 to 392 ppm and corresponded to the PP-g-AAc samples at grafting degrees from 1.2 to 29.8%. The in vitro antibacterial properties of PP-g-AAc/AgNPs materials on E. coli were evaluated and the results indicated that the bactericidal efficiency (η) increased by the increase of Ag contents in the tested materials. The germicidal activities against E. coli of PP-g-AAc/AgNPs containing 363 ppm Ag were found to be nearly 100% after treating in 30 min. In addition, the inhibition zone of this PP-g-AAc/AgNPs on E. coli was also found up to 28 mm in diameter. Thus, γ-rays radiation demonstrated a strong capability in grafting functional groups (AAc) onto porous PP. Furthermore, the porous PP grafted with AAc and immobilized with AgNPs might potentially be used for elimination of bacteria in water filtering.
Identification of white rot fungus CP9 and its potential application in biopulping
Authors: Lien Nguyen Thi Hong , Hieu Nguyen Van , Hong Luong Thi , Anh Hy Tuan , Thao Phan Thi Hong
Published: April 2018

Wood-rotting fungi represent an important component of forest ecosystems. Among them, white-rot fungi are the most efficient lignin degraders. Biopulping using white-rot fungi in pretreatment of the materials, is one of the solutions to overcome disadvantages of traditional production methods. Today, the isolation and screening of lignin degrading fungi capable for application in biopulping are of keen interest in Vietnam. The use of non–wood, plant fibres in pulp and paper industry, special, agricultural residuces such as rice and wheat straw, sugarcane baggase, cornstalks etc is the new production toward, potential, serving sustainable development. The fungus CP9, which possessed high ligninolytic activity, was identified and studied in pretreatment of rice straw for biopulping. The fruiting bodies of strain CP9 were effuse on trunk. The hymenium was porous and brown white with short tubes, the white mycelia penetrated wood block. The colony was off-white, blossom, irregularly circular. The mycelia were thick and closely bound together. Beside lignin, this fungus could degrade other substrates such as casein, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. Biological and morphological characteristics of the fungus CP9 suggested its placement in subdivision Basidiomycota. Combined with the results of phylogenetic analysis, which showed 99% similarity of the fungus with species Leiotrametes lactinea, our strain was named as Leiotrametes lactinea CP9. This fungus could grow well on rice straw under solid state fermentation. Pretreatment of rice straw using L. lactinea CP9 was based on the activity of fungal lignin peroxidase and laccase. After 20 days, the residual enzyme activity was of 21.6 and 18.4 nkat/g material for lignin peroxidase and laccase, respectively. Pretreatment significantly improved the quality of straw, as lignin loss of 38% while cellulosic fibers were comparatively well preserved.
Effect of cultural conditions on antimicrobial activity of marine-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Trinh Phan Thi Hoai , Ngoc Ngo Thi Duy , Tien Phi Quyet , Ly Bui Minh , Van Tran Thi Thanh
Published: April 2018

Marine fungi are a potential source of structurally diversified bioactive secondary metabolites that are not found in terrestrial sources. In our continuous investigation to search new antimicrobial agents from marine-derived fungi, we isolated fungal strain 045-357-2 from a soft coral sample collected from Ca Na bay, Ninh Thuan, Vietnam. The strain showed high antibacterial activity and was selected for further study. According to Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA molecular methods, the fungus was identified as Penicillium chrysogenum 045-357-2 and had a 100% homology (600/600 bp) with a GenBank sequence from a reference P. chrysogenum strain (NCBI accession no. EF200090). In the present investigation, the fungus was studied on effect of different culture incubation period, pH and salinity for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Candida albicans. The ethyl acetate extracts of culture medium of the fungal isolate were determined antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion assay. The results showed that the optimum antimicrobial activity of the fungal strain P. chrysogenum 045-357-2 was obtained in medium containing 20 g rice, 20 mg yeast extract, 10 mg KH2PO4 , and 40 mL natural seawater at 30oC on the 14th day of incubation. The strain also exhibited highest antimicrobial activity in the medium at initial pH 6.0 – 8.0 and salinity of 35 g/L. The findings indicate that cultural conditions significantly influenced on antimicrobial activity of the studied fungus. The optimization is potential use for further study on the mass cultivation and isolation of bioactive compounds for this fungus.
Effects of maturity stages and fermentation of cocoa beans on total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities in raw cocoa powder
Authors: Yen Dang Thi Kim , Ha Nguyen Vu Hong
Published: April 2018

Consumption of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and cocoa products is associated with numerous health benefits due to their high levels of polyphenols and antioxidant capacities. In this study, changes of total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant capacities (AC) of raw cocoa powder at four maturity stages, under different fermentation methods and fermentation duration of cocoa beans were investigated. The TPC and AC were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/ABTS assay, respectively. In term of maturity stages, the powder of unfermented cocoa beans harvested from the stage one contained significantly lower levels of TPC (6.39 ± 0.02 g CE/100 g DM) and AC (26.82 ± 0.13 mol TE/100 g DM) than those from the beans harvested from the stage two, three and four. For all maturity stages studied, fermenting cocoa beans increased antioxidant capacities of the raw cocoa powder. Cocoa fermentation using the commercial enzyme Pectinex® Ultra SP-L resulted in lower TPC but higher AC in comparison to those treated without enzymes, however prolonged fermentation time in cocoa beans significantly reduced TPC and AC in the powder. Strong correlations between TPC and AC of fermented samples with (R = 0.923) and without enzyme supplement (R = 0.942) were obtained. Two-way anova analyses showed that changes of TPC and AC of cocoa beans were dependent on maturity stages, fermentation methods and fermentation duration. As a conclusion, fermentation of cocoa beans harvested at the maturity stage two and three was found to be optimum for the high levels of AC and TPC attainment; fermented beans with commercial enzyme could be utilized to reduce labor cost by shortening the fermentation duration.
Aromatic hydrocarbon degradation of biofilm formed by microorganisms on cellulose material at 50 litre modules
Authors: Cong Le Thi Nhi , Mai Cung Thi Ngoc , Tuan Do Van , Quyen Dong Van
Published: April 2018

Biofilms are defined as community of microorganisms which are irreversibly or reversibly attached on solid surfaces. These microorganisms are embedded in a self-produced exopolysaccharide matrix, and exhibit different growth and bioactivity compared with planktonic cells. With their high biomass density, stability, and potential for biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds contained in oil contaminated wastewater such as aromatic hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons are the main constituents of petroleum and its refined products. These compounds are also quantitatively the main environmental pollutants worldwide. In this report, cellulose material was used as a carrier for forming biofilm by microorganisms to remove of these components. Cellulose material is considered as inexpensive, available, sustainable, little waste production and can be recycled. As a result, the microorganisms were successful to adhere on cellulose material at 50 liter module with cell density of 4.3x108 CFU/ml after 7 day-incubation. Under the scanning electron microscope with the 1500 magnification, the microbial cells had a very high density, closely linked together and firm adhesion on the cellulose material. The mixture species biofilm attached on cellulose carrier at 50 liter module had the ability to degrade 80.1, 78.3, 60.0, 98.5 and 91.2% of anthracene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenol and pyrene after 7 days, respectively. The obtained results showed that biofilm formed by multiple bacterial strains attached on cellulose material may considerably increase the degrading efficiency of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. The results also indicated that cellulose material is suitable carrier to choose in removal of aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated wastewater. These results are considered as new approach to apply microbial films on cellulose material to degrade oil polluted waste-water in the environment.
Yukarı Kızılırmak Havzası’nda ırmak sularının tarımda sulama amaçlı kullanım özelliklerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: Koç Hakan , Doğru Derya , Han Emre
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Yukarı Kızılırmak Havza sınırları içerisinde,  Kızılırmak’ın, tarımsal sulama amaçlı kullanım özelliklerini Wilcox ve ABD tuzluluk diyagramlarına göre belirlemek ve bu havza sınırları içerisindeki Kızılırmak’ın kimyasal özelliklerine etki eden coğrafi faktörleri tespit etmektir. Araştırma sahasından veriler birincil kaynaklardan (su numunesi, toprak numunesi ve kayaç numunesi) ve ikincil kaynaklardan (meteorolojik veriler, Devlet Su İşleri 19. Bölge Sivas Müdürlüğünden alınan su analiz raporları vb.) temin edilmiştir. Su numunelerin tarımda sulama amaçlı kullanılıp kullanılamayacağını belirlemek için Wilcox ve ABD tuzluluk diyagramlarından yararlanılmıştır. Toprak analiz sonuçları betimsel analiz yöntemine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sivas Meteoroloji İl Müdürlüğünden alınan meteorolojik veriler, Thornthwaite iklim sınıflaması yöntemine göre değerlendirilmiş ve su bilançoları hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda aşağıdaki bulgu ve sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: 1. Alınan su numunelerinden Yukarı Kızılırmak Havza sınırlarındaki ırmak suyunun, Wilcox ve ABD tuzluluk diyagramlarına göre değerlendirmeleri sonucunda, Kızılırmak suları kaynağında yumuşak ve içilebilir durumda iken Zara ilçesinde başlayarak özellikle de Hafik ilçesinden sonra Kayseri il sınırına kadar sulama suyu olarak kullanılması şüpheli uygun değil veya kullanılmaması uygun olmayan sular sınıfına girmektedir. 2. Araştırma sahasından alınan kayaç numuneleri değerlendirildiğinde; Zara'dan Kayseri il sınırına kadar ise havzanın büyük bir kısmının jips serilerinden oluşması suların çok yüksek tuzlu ve acı olmasına neden olmuştur. Bu durum Kızılırmak sularının tarımda sulama amaçlı kullanımını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. 3. Kızılırmak ve onu besleyen kollara yağış yaz mevsimlerinde yeterince yağış girmediğinden dolayı Kızılırmak sularındaki tuzlar seyrelememekte ve bölgede yaşanan kuraklık Kızılırmak'ta ki tuz miktarını yaz aylarında artırmaktadır. Bu durum Kızılırmak suyunun yaz aylarında tarımsal sulama amaçlı yeterinde yararlanılamamasına sebep olmaktadır.
1949 Sonrası Hariçte Doğu Türkistan Davası ve Tayvan Yönetiminin Tutumu
Authors: KUL Ömer
Published: April 2018

1949 yılında Doğu Türkistan’ın Komünist Çin işgaline

uğramasıyla vatanlarından ayrılan ve büyük çoğunluğu Türkiye’ye yerleşen Doğu

Türkistanlılar, davalarını dünya kamuoyuna duyurabilmek için büyük bir çaba ve

yoğun bir çalışma içerisine girmiştir. Doğu Türkistanlıların, Komünist Çin'e

karşı azmi, gayreti ve heyecanını kendi siyasi beklentileri doğrultusunda

kullanmak isteyen Tayvan yönetimi, aynı zamanda Doğu Türkistanlıların birlik,

beraberlik ve kararlılığını ortadan kaldırmak için sinsi bir politika uygulamıştır.

Tayvan yönetiminin sinsi siyasetine alet olan bir kısım Doğu Türkistanlılar,

davalarına zarar vermekle kalmamış, daha kötüsü birbirlerine düşmüştür.

Önceleri sözlü olarak yapılan karalama kampanyaları daha sonra yazılı basın

yoluyla iftiralara kadar varmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, Tayvan yönetiminin bir kısım Doğu

Türkistanlıları kendi politik çıkarları için nasıl suiistimal ettiği ve zaman

içerisinde bir kısım Doğu Türkistanlıların nasıl birbirlerine düştükleri ortaya

konulmaya çalışılmıştır. 
Geleneksel Ekolojik Bilgi Bağlamında Çanakkale Halk Botaniği
Authors: YOLCU Mehmet Ali
Published: April 2018

Doğa bilgisi

genellikle karmaşık bir ampirizmin ürünü olmakla birlikte bu deneyimden

beslenen bilgi, kültür ve doğa karşıtlığında ortaya çıkan sınırların muğlaklığı

noktasında geleneksel toplumların çevresel uyum becerilerini bize

göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda geleneksel ekolojik bilgi; kültürel aktarım

araçlarıyla kuşaktan kuşağa iletilen, ekolojinin bir parçası olan nesnelerle

ilgili insanın bilgi ve inanç birikiminin bir yansıması olarak karşımıza

çıkmaktadır. İnsan ve çevre ilişkisine dayalı ortaya çıkan geleneksel ekolojik

bilginin bir alt kolu olan halk botaniği, bitkilerin adlandırılmalarından

kullanım biçimlerine, bitkilerle ilgili inançlardan büyüsel uygulamalara kadar

bir dizi konuyu kapsamaktadır. Çanakkale yöresinde Güney Marmara ikliminin

etkisiyle yetişen çeşitli ot, ağaç ve mantar türlerinin insanların günlük

hayatında önemli işlevleri bulunmaktadır. Yörenin bitki örtüsü hem Kaz Dağları

hem de Marmara ve Ege denizi etkisi nedeniyle zengindir. Makalede geleneksel

ekolojik bilgi çerçevesinde Çanakkale yöresinde halk botaniği unsurları

incelenmiştir.