bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Downward and upward revisions of Chinese emissions of black carbon and CO in bottom-up inventories are still required: an integrated analysis of WRF/CMAQ model and EMeRGe observations in East Asia in spring 2018
Authors: Ha Phuc Thi Minh , Kanaya Yugo , Yamaji Kazuyo , Itahashi Syuichi , Chatani Satoru , Sekiya Takashi , Hernández Maria Dolores Andrés , Burrows John Philip , Schlager Hans , Lichtenstern Michael , Poehlker Mira , Holanda Bruna
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Accurate estimates of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) emissions are required to allow efficient strategies that mitigate climate change to be developed. However, there remain large uncertainties about emissions of SLCFs from Asia. We identified and improved the constraints of combustion-related emissions of black carbon (BC) and CO using the WRF/CMAQ model (v5.0.2) and the EMeRGe airborne observation data for East Asia in spring 2018. We performed case studies of air masses containing emissions from fires near Thailand and emissions from urban areas in the Philippines and China. Chinese emissions were analysed in depth. Unlike observations at ground-based stations, the observations from aircraft used here would not have been strongly influenced by local emissions and near-surface processes. We confirmed that the GFEDv4.1s inventory provided accurate data for emissions from fires near Thailand. However, anthropogenic BC and CO emissions from the Philippines (REASv2.1) were negatively biased. Marked positive and negative differences were found for BC (+1.62 µg m−3) and CO (−400 ppbv) from the HTAPv2.2z emission inventory for Chinese air masses, consistent with the results of previous ground-based studies. The Chinese BC/CO emission ratio, 3.5±0.1 ng m−3 ppb−1, calculated using data from airborne observations in the altitude range ~0.3–1 km also agreed with the ground-based results. Linearly scaling BC emissions using an observation/model ratio (E(BC) = 0.48±0.13) gave our best estimate of 0.65±0.25 (Tg BC) yr-1. The calculated BC/CO and CO/CO2 ratios led us to estimate that emissions from China are 166±65 (Tg CO) yr-1 and 12.4±4.8 (Pg CO2) yr-1. The results suggested that downward and upward revisions of Chinese emissions of BC (−50 %) and CO (+20 %), respectively, are required in HTAPv2.2z emission inventory.
Assimilating Multi-site Eddy-Covariance Data to Calibrate the CH4 Wetland Emission Module in a Terrestrial Ecosystem Model
Authors: Kallingal Jalisha Theanutti , Scholze Marko , Miller Paul Anthony , Lindström Johan , Rinne Janne , Aurela Mika , Vestin Patrik , Weslien Per
Published: November 2024

Abstract. In this study, we use a data assimilation framework based on the Adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to constrain process parameters in LPJ-GUESS model using CH4 eddy covariance flux observations from 14 different natural boreal, temperate and arctic wetlands. The objective is to derive a single set of calibrated parameter values. The calibrated parameter values are then used in the model to validate its CH4 flux output against independent CH4 flux observations from five different types of natural wetlands situated in different locations, assessing their generality for simulating CH4 fluxes from boreal, temperate and arctic wetlands. The results show that the MCMC framework has substantially reduced the cost function (measuring the misfit between simulated and observed CH4 fluxes) and facilitated detailed characterisation of the posterior parameter distribution. A reduction of around 95 % in the cost function and approximately 50 % in RMSE against the observations were achieved. The results of validation experiment indicate that for four out of the five validation sites the RMSE was successfully reduced, demonstrating the effectiveness of the framework for estimating CH4 emissions from wetlands not included in the assimilation experiment. For wetlands above 45° N, the total mean annual CH4 emission estimation using the optimised model resulted in 28.16 Tg C y-1, and for regions above 60° N, it resulted in 7.46 Tg C y-1.
A Unified Framework for Surface Flux-Driven Cyclones Outside the Tropics
Authors: Emanuel Kerry , Alberti Tommaso , Bourdin Stella , Camargo Suzana J. , Faranda Davide , Flaounas Manos , Gonzalez-Aleman Juan Jesus , Lee Chia-Ying , Miglietta Mario Marcello , Pasquero Claudia , Portal Alice , Ramsay Hamish , Romero Romualdo
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Cyclonic storms resembling tropical cyclones are sometimes observed well outside the tropics. These include medicanes, polar lows, subtropical cyclones, Kona storms, and possibly some cases of Australian East Coast cyclones. Their structural similarity to tropical cyclones lies in their tight, nearly axisymmetric inner cores, eyes, and spiral bands. Previous studies of these phenomena suggest that they are partly and sometimes wholly driven by surface enthalpy fluxes, as with tropical cyclones. Here we show, through a series of case studies, that many of these non-tropical cyclones have morphologies and structures that resemble each other and also closely match those of tropical transitioning cyclones, with the important distinction that the potential intensity that supports them is not present in the pre-storm environment but rather is locally generated in the course of their development. We therefore propose to call these storms CYClones from Locally Originating Potential intensity (CYCLOPs). Like their tropical cousins, the rapid development and strong winds of cyclops pose a significant threat and forecast challenge for islands and coastal regions.
Defining Antarctic polynyas in satellite observations and climate model output to support ecological climate change research
Authors: Landrum Laura L. , DuVivier Alice K. , Holland Marika M. , Krumhardt Kristen , Sylvester Zephyr
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Antarctic polynyas are key components of Antarctic marine ecosystems, influencing light and nutrient availability and open water access for marine predators. Thus, changes in the physical characteristics of polynyas can influence how these ecosystems respond to a changing climate. Here, we explore how to identify polynyas using satellite and Earth System Model data, and we assess the impacts of using different polynya-identification metrics (sea ice concentration or thickness). Our results show optimal metrics for polynya definition will depend on the temporal and spatial resolution of the data, as well as the season and region of interest. These results highlight the importance of identifying polynyas on grids of the same type and resolution when comparing polynyas from different data products. We find that sea ice thickness is more suitable for identifying polynyas in model data in winter months in contrast to spring months when both sea ice thickness and concentration may be suitable metrics. We then use the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) to investigate ecosystem function within polynyas and find that there is enhanced phytoplankton productivity in modeled polynya features in both hindcast and fully coupled simulations, with springtime polynyas remaining an important control on Antarctic productivity under future climate change.
Coupling ocean currents and waves for seamless cross-scale modeling during Medicane Ianos
Authors: Causio Salvatore , Shirinov Seimur , Federico Ivan , De Cillis Giovanni , Clementi Emanuela , Mentaschi Lorenzo , Coppini Giovanni
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This study investigates the effects of a two-way wave-circulation coupled modeling framework during extreme weather events, with a particular focus on Medicane Ianos, one of the most intense cyclones occurred in the Mediterranean Sea. By utilizing a high-resolution unstructured numerical grid, the study explores wave-current interactions in both open ocean and coastal environments. To this scope, we developed the first external coupler dealing with the SHYFEM-MPI circulation model and the WAVEWATCH III wave model. The interactions considered in this framework include sea-state dependent momentum flux, radiation stress, Doppler shift, dynamic water depth for waves, and effective wind speed. The study adoptes a rigorous validation of the formulations using idealized benchmarks tailored for these specific processes. Afterwards, the modeling framework was employed in real-case simulations of Medicane Ianos. The model is calibrated, and the ocean variables are rigorously validated against in-situ and Earth Observation (EO) data, including satellite-based measurement. The study found that wave-induced surge components contribute from 10 to 30 % of the total water level during the storm, and that sea-state dependent momentum during a Medicane can influence the vertical structure of the ocean up to 100 m. The accuracy of the wave model improves by around 3 % in terms of RMSE when coupled with a circulation model. This study underscores the importance of such coupled models in accurately forecasting Medicanes, storm surges, and their impacts, particularly as climate change intensifies extreme events in the Mediterranean Sea.
Spatially separate production of hydrogen oxides and nitric oxide in lightning
Authors: Jenkins Jena M. , Brune William H.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The atmosphere’s most important oxidizer, the hydroxyl radical (OH), is generated in abundance by lightning, but the contribution of this electrically generated OH (LOH) to global OH oxidation remains highly uncertain. Part of this uncertainty is due to the abundant nitric oxide (NO) also generated in lightning, which could rapidly remove the LOH before it can oxidize other pollutants in the atmosphere. However, evidence from a previous laboratory study indicated LOH is not immediately consumed by NO, possibly because LOH’s production is spatially separated from the NO production in lightning flashes. This hypothesis of spatially separate OH and NO production is further tested here in a series of laboratory experiments, where the OH decays were measured from spark discharges in air which had increasing amounts of NO added to it. The LOH decayed faster as more NO was added to the air, indicating that the LOH was reacting with the added NO, and not the spark NO. Thus, LOH from lightning flashes is not immediately consumed by the electrically generated NO but is available to oxidize other pollutants in the atmosphere and contribute to global OH oxidation. Subsequent modelling of the laboratory data also supports the spatially separate production of LOH and NO, and further suggests that substantial HONO is also produced by sparks and lightning in the atmosphere.
Temperature variability in southern Europe over the past 16,500 years constrained by speleothem fluid inclusion water isotopes
Authors: Bernal-Wormull Juan Luis , Moreno Ana , Dublyansky Yuri , Spötl Christoph , Giménez Reyes , Pérez-Mejías Carlos , Bartolomé Miguel , Arriolabengoa Martin , Iriarte Eneko , Cacho Isabel , Edwards Richard Lawrence , Cheng Hai
Published: November 2024

Abstract. In the Northern Hemisphere, the last 16.5 kyr were characterized by abrupt temperature transitions during stadials, interstadials, and the onset of the Holocene. These changes are closely linked to large-scale variations in the extent of continental ice-sheets, greenhouse gas concentrations, and ocean circulation. The regional impact of these rapid climate changes on Southwestern European environments is recorded by various temperature proxies, such as pollen and chironomids preserved in lake sediments. Speleothems and their fluid inclusions serve as valuable proxies, offering high-resolution chronologies and quantitative records of past temperature changes. These non-biogenic quantitative temperature records are essential to assess whether climate models can accurately simulate regionally divergent climatic trends and for understanding global and regional climate mechanisms in the past. Here, we present a record from five speleothems from two caves on the northeastern Iberian Peninsula (Ostolo and Medukilo caves). Using hydrogen isotopic composition of fluid inclusions, we developed a δ2H/T transfer function in order to reconstruct regional temperatures over the past 16.5 kyr (Ostolo-Mendukilo Fluid Inclusion Temperature record [OM-FIT]). Our findings reveal an increase of 6.0 ± 1.9 °C at the onset of Greenland Interstadial 1, relative to the cold conditions of the preceding Greenland Stadial 2.1a. Also, the OM-FIT record shows a temperature decline of approximately 5.3 ± 1.9 °C during the early phase of Greenland Stadial 1. The end of this cold phase and the onset of the Holocene are marked by a rapid warming of about 3–4 °C and reaching a maximum at 11.66 ± 0.03 kyr BP. The OM-FIT record also exhibits abrupt events during the last deglaciation and the Holocene, which are also reflected in the δ18O values of the calcite, including Heinrich Event 1, Greenland Interstadial 1d, and the 8.2 kyr event.
Relating North Atlantic Deep Water transport to ocean bottom pressure variations as a target for satellite gravimetry missions
Authors: Shihora Linus , Martin Torge , Hans Anna Christina , Hummels Rebecca , Schindelegger Michael , Dobslaw Henryk
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a salient feature of the climate system, observed for its strength and variability with a wide range of offshore installations and expensive sea-going expeditions. Satellite-based measurements of mass changes in the Earth system, such as from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, may help monitor these transport variations at large scale, by measuring associated changes in ocean bottom pressure (OBP) at the boundaries of the Atlantic remotely from space. However, as these signals are mainly confined to the continental slope and small in magnitude, their detection using gravimentry will likely require specialised approaches. Here we use the output of a fine-resolution (1/20°) regional ocean model to assess the connection between OBP signals at the western boundary of the North and South Atlantic. We find that North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) transports in the ~1–3-km depth range can be reconstructed using spatially averaged OBP signals with correlations of 0.75 (0.72) for the North (South) Atlantic and root-mean-square errors of ~1 Sverdrup on monthly to interannual time scales. We further create a synthetic dataset containing only OBP signals due to NADW transport anomalies at the western boundary, which can be included in dedicated satellite gravimetry simulations to assess the AMOC detection capabilities of future mission scenarios and to develop specialised recovery strategies that are needed to track those weak signatures in the time-variable gravity field.
Mapping rangeland health indicators in eastern Africa from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Soto Gerardo E. , Wilcox Steven W. , Clark Patrick E. , Fava Francesco P. , Jensen Nathaniel D. , Kahiu Njoki , Liao Chuan , Porter Benjamin , Sun Ying , Barrett Christopher B.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Tracking environmental change is important to ensure efficient and sustainable natural resources management. Eastern Africa is dominated by arid and semi-arid rangeland systems, where extensive grazing of livestock represents the primary livelihood for most people. Despite several mapping efforts, eastern Africa lacks accurate and reliable high-resolution maps of rangeland health necessary for many management, policy, and research purposes. Earth observation data offer the opportunity to assess spatiotemporal dynamics in rangeland health conditions at much higher spatial and temporal coverage than conventional approaches, which rely on in situ methods, while also complementing their accuracy. Using machine learning classification and linear unmixing, we produced rangeland health indicators – Landsat-based time series from 2000 to 2022 at 30 m spatial resolution for mapping land cover classes (LCCs) and vegetation fractional cover (VFC; including photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and bare ground) – two important data assets for deriving metrics of rangeland health in eastern Africa. Due to the scarcity of in situ measurements in the large, remote, and highly heterogeneous landscape, an algorithm was developed to combine high-resolution WorldView-2 and WorldView-3 satellite imagery at < 2 m resolutions with a limited set of ground observations to generate reference labels across the study region using visual photo-interpretation. The LCC algorithm yielded an overall accuracy of 0.856 when comparing predictions to our validation dataset comprised of a mixture of in situ observations and visual photo-interpretation from high-resolution imagery, with a kappa of 0.832; the VFC returned a R2=0.795, p < 2.2×10-16, and normalized root mean squared error (nRMSE) = 0.123 when comparing predicted bare-ground fractions to visual photo-interpreted high-resolution imagery. Our products represent the first multi-decadal Landsat-resolution dataset specifically designed for mapping and monitoring rangelands health in eastern Africa including Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia, covering a total area of 745 840 km2. These data can be valuable to a wide range of development, humanitarian, and ecological conservation efforts and are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7106166 (Soto et al., 2023) and Google Earth Engine (GEE; details in the “Data availability” section).
Source-specific bias correction of US background and anthropogenic ozone modeled in CMAQ
Authors: Skipper T. Nash , Hogrefe Christian , Henderson Barron H. , Mathur Rohit , Foley Kristen M. , Russell Armistead G.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. United States (US) background ozone (O3) is the counterfactual O3 that would exist with zero US anthropogenic emissions. Estimates of US background O3 typically come from chemical transport models (CTMs), but different models vary in their estimates of both background and total O3. Here, a measurement–model data fusion approach is used to estimate CTM biases in US anthropogenic O3 and multiple US background O3 sources, including natural emissions, long-range international emissions, short-range international emissions from Canada and Mexico, and stratospheric O3. Spatially and temporally varying bias correction factors adjust each simulated O3 component so that the sum of the adjusted components evaluates better against observations compared to unadjusted estimates. The estimated correction factors suggest a seasonally consistent positive bias in US anthropogenic O3 in the eastern US, with the bias becoming higher with coarser model resolution and with higher simulated total O3, though the bias does not increase much with higher observed O3. Summer average US anthropogenic O3 in the eastern US was estimated to be biased high by 2, 7, and 11 ppb (11 %, 32 %, and 49 %) for one set of simulations at 12, 36, and 108 km resolutions and 1 and 6 ppb (10 % and 37 %) for another set of simulations at 12 and 108 km resolutions. Correlation among different US background O3 components can increase the uncertainty in the estimation of the source-specific adjustment factors. Despite this, results indicate a negative bias in modeled estimates of the impact of stratospheric O3 at the surface, with a western US spring average bias of −3.5 ppb (−25 %) estimated based on a stratospheric O3 tracer. This type of data fusion approach can be extended to include data from multiple models to leverage the strengths of different data sources while reducing uncertainty in the US background ozone estimates.
On the importance of discharge observation uncertainty when interpreting hydrological model performance
Authors: Aerts Jerom P. M. , Hoch Jannis M. , Coxon Gemma , van de Giesen Nick C. , Hut Rolf W.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. For users of hydrological models, the suitability of models can depend on how well their simulated outputs align with observed discharge. This study emphasizes the crucial role of factoring in discharge observation uncertainty when assessing the performance of hydrological models. We introduce an ad hoc approach, implemented through the eWaterCycle platform, to evaluate the significance of differences in model performance while considering the uncertainty associated with discharge observations. The analysis of the results encompasses 299 catchments from the Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies Great Britain (CAMELS-GB) large-sample catchment dataset, addressing three practical use cases for model users. These use cases involve assessing the impact of additional calibration on model performance using discharge observations, conducting conventional model comparisons, and examining how the variations in discharge simulations resulting from model structural differences compare with the uncertainties inherent in discharge observations. Based on the 5th to 95th percentile range of observed flow, our results highlight the substantial influence of discharge observation uncertainty on interpreting model performance differences. Specifically, when comparing model performance before and after additional calibration, we find that, in 98 out of 299 instances, the simulation differences fall within the bounds of discharge observation uncertainty. This underscores the inadequacy of neglecting discharge observation uncertainty during calibration and subsequent evaluation processes. Furthermore, in the model comparison use case, we identify numerous instances where observation uncertainty masks discernible differences in model performance, underscoring the necessity of accounting for this uncertainty in model selection procedures. While our assessment of model structural uncertainty generally indicates that structural differences often exceed observation uncertainty estimates, a few exceptions exist. The comparison of individual conceptual hydrological models suggests no clear trends between model complexity and subsequent model simulations falling within the uncertainty bounds of discharge observations. Based on these findings, we advocate integrating discharge observation uncertainty into the calibration process and the reporting of hydrological model performance, as has been done in this study. This integration ensures more accurate, robust, and insightful assessments of model performance, thereby improving the reliability and applicability of hydrological modelling outcomes for model users.
A comprehensive uncertainty framework for historical flood frequency analysis: a 500-year-long case study
Authors: Lucas Mathieu , Lang Michel , Renard Benjamin , Le Coz Jérôme
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The value of historical data for flood frequency analysis has been acknowledged and studied for a long time. A specific statistical framework must be used to comply with the censored nature of historical data, for which only floods large enough to induce written records or to trigger flood marks are usually recorded. It is assumed that all floods which exceeded a given perception threshold were recorded as written testimonies or flood marks. Conversely, all years without a flood record in the historical period are assumed to have had a maximum discharge below the perception threshold. This paper proposes a binomial model that explicitly recognizes the uncertain nature of both the perception threshold and the starting date of the historical period. This model is applied to a case study for the Rhône River at Beaucaire, France, where a long (1816–2020) systematic series of annual maximum discharges is available along with a collection of 13 historical floods from documentary evidence over 3 centuries (1500–1815). Results indicate that the inclusion of historical floods reduces the uncertainty of 100- or 1000-year flood quantiles, even when only the number of perception threshold exceedances is known. However, ignoring the uncertainty around the perception threshold leads to a noticeable underestimation of flood quantile uncertainty. A qualitatively similar conclusion is found when ignoring the uncertainty around the historical period length. However, its impact on flood quantile uncertainty appears to be much smaller than that of the perception threshold.
Invited perspectives: safeguarding the usability and credibility of flood hazard and risk assessments
Authors: Merz Bruno , Blöschl Günter , Jüpner Robert , Kreibich Heidi , Schröter Kai , Vorogushyn Sergiy
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Flood hazard and risk assessments (FHRAs) and their underlying models form the basis of decisions regarding flood mitigation and climate adaptation measures and are thus imperative for safeguarding communities against the devastating consequences of flood events. In this perspective paper, we discuss how FHRAs should be validated to be fit for purpose in order to optimally support decision-making. We argue that current validation approaches focus on technical issues, with insufficient consideration of the context in which decisions are made. To address this issue, we propose a novel validation framework for FHRAs, structured in a three-level hierarchy: process based, outcome based, and impact based. Our framework adds crucial dimensions to current validation approaches, such as the need to understand the possible impacts on society when the assessment has large errors. It further emphasizes the essential role of stakeholder participation, objectivity, and verifiability in assessing flood hazard and risk. Using the example of flood emergency management, we discuss how the proposed framework can be implemented. Although we have developed the framework for flooding, our ideas are also applicable to assessing risk caused by other types of natural hazards.
New insights into combined surfzone, embayment, and estuarine bathing hazards
Authors: Stokes Christopher , Poate Timothy , Masselink Gerd , Scott Tim , Instance Steve
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Rip currents are the single largest cause of beach safety incidents globally, but where an estuary mouth intersects a beach, additional flows are created that can exceed the speed of a typical rip current, significantly increasing the hazard level for bathers. However, there is a paucity of observations of surfzone currents at estuary mouth beaches, and our understanding and ability to predict how the bathing hazard varies under different wave and tide conditions are therefore limited. Using field observations and process-based XBeach modelling at an embayed, estuary mouth beach, we demonstrate how surfzone currents can be driven by combinations of estuary discharge and wave-driven bathymetric and boundary rip currents under various combinations of wave and tide forcing. While previous studies have demonstrated the high hazard that rip currents pose, typically during lower stages of the tide, here we demonstrate that an estuary mouth beach can exhibit flows reaching 1.5 m s−1 – up to 50 % stronger than typical rip current flows – with a high proportion (> 60 %) of simulated bathers exiting the surfzone during the upper half of the tidal cycle. The three-dimensional ebb shoal delta was found to strongly control surfzone currents by (1) providing a conduit for estuary flows that connect to headland boundary rips and (2) acting as a nearshore bar system to generate wave-driven “river channel bathymetric rips”. Despite significant spatio-temporal variability in the position of the river channels on the beach face, it was possible to hindcast the timing and severity of past bathing incidents from model simulations, providing a means to forewarn bathers of hazardous flows.
Życie konsekrowane w służbie poszukiwania sensu według Benedykta XVI
Authors: Pagacz Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

Artykuł przedstawia znaczenie życia konsekrowane w służbie poszukiwania sensu według Benedykta XVI. W swoim nauczaniu papież zwraca uwagę na zjawisko współczesnego kryzysu sensu i wartości, a zarazem przypomina o wpisanym głęboko w naturę ludzką pytaniu o sens istnienia. Życie konsekrowane jest (i było od samych początków) poszukiwaniem Boga: quaerere Deum. Osoba poświęcona Bogu na własność stawia w centrum swego życia Chrystusa, „odwieczny Sens”, i całkowicie powierza Mu siebie. Zgodnie z nauczaniem Benedykta XVI życie konsekrowane, będące drogą specjalnego naśladowania Chrystusa i poddania Jemu całej egzystencji, jest świadectwem odnalezienia sensu życia i stanowi pomoc dla poszukujących go.
Przekłady biblijne nazw należących do kategorii pojęciowej ptactwa w Księdze Hioba 28,7 z bazowym komponentem leksykalnym ostříže i kobuza – na materiale czeskim i polskim
Authors: Hampl Lubomír
Published: November 2024

Autor w niniejszym artykule zwraca uwagę na kwestie tłumaczeniowe związane zwłaszcza z wykorzystaną leksyką awifaunistyczną, jaka pojawia się na kartach Biblii w analizowanym fragmencie Hi 28,7 w wybranych 12 czeskich i 18 polskich przekładach Pisma Świętego. W przeprowadzonej konfrontatywno-leksykalnej analizie opisuje on nie tylko podobieństwa, ale przede wszystkim zauważalne różnice, czyli zmiany w ekwiwalencji nazw ptaków oraz jak i w jakiej formie językowej owa kategoria pojęciowa jest wykorzystywana w przekładzie przez bliskoznacznie synonimiczne leksemy – w zależności od wersji tłumaczeniowej. Zwrócono uwagę na marginalne występowanie leksemu czeskiego ostříž. Pozostałe ptaki wymieniane w Hi 28,7 mają w czeskich i polskich przekładach biblijnych tak różne odpowiedniki leksykalne, że sprawia to wrażenie chaosu i daleko idącej dowolności w tłumaczeniu awifaunistycznych nazw.
HUVECs-derived exosomes increase neovascularization and decrease limb necrosis in hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Ismail Muhamad T. , Anggrahini Dyah W. , Haryana Sofia M. , Setianto Budi Y.
Published: November 2024

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is the most severe manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and imposes a significantly high burden due to its high risk of mortality and amputation. Revascularization is the first-line treatment for CLTI; however, the amputation rate remains high, and approximately one-third of patients are not eligible for this treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)-derived exosomes on neovascularization and the degree of necrosis in a hindlimb ischemia model and to study the biological processes underlying their mechanisms. This is an in vivo experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Forty BALB/c mice were randomized to receive injections of exosomes, conditioned media, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) one day after unilateral double ligation. A sham-operated group was also included as a control. Capillary density, arteriole lumen diameter, and histopathological necrosis were measured after seven days, while clinical necrosis was observed daily. MicroRNA profiling, in silico analysis, and transcriptomic analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression were performed to determine the possible biological processes. No amputation was found in the exosome group, as well as in the conditioned media and sham-operated groups, compared to three out of seven mice (43%) in the PBS group. The capillary density was higher in the exosome than in the PBS group (p=0.026). The arteriole lumen diameter in the exosome group was larger than in the PBS (p=0.033) and sham-operated (p=0.034) groups. The scores of clinical necrosis and histopathological necrosis in the exosome group were lower than the PBS group (p=0.005), while the histopathological necrosis scores were also lower but statistically insignificant. In silico analysis showed improvement in neovascularization and necrosis, possibly through energy regulation, PI3K/AKT and TGF-β activation, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and tyrosine kinases receptors. HUVEC exosomes were associated with lower VEGF mRNA expression, which may indicate a more effective compensatory mechanism under ischemic conditions. The exosome group had the lowest VEGF mRNA expression compared to other groups, although the difference was not statistically significant. This study highlights that HUVECs-derived exosomes improve neovascularization and decrease necrosis in a hindlimb ischemia mice model, potentially by modulating several possible mechanisms.
Impacts of COVID-19 on malaria elimination strategies in Asia: A scoping review
Authors: Arisanti Risalia R. , Saputri Grace ND. , Ahmad Riris A. , Utarini Adi
Published: November 2024

The global malaria program has faced setbacks due to disruptions in health services caused by COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these challenges, Asia that primarily comprised of low and middle-income countries (LMICs), continues to make strides towards malaria elimination. This scoping review explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria control programs in Asian countries with varying levels of malaria endemicity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was applied to search for articles published between January 2020 and May 2024 that examined the impact of COVID-19 on malaria control programs in Asia on six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, WHO COVID-19 Research Database, Garuda and Sinta). The findings of these articles were organized into five themes: epidemiology and surveillance, case management (including diagnosis and coinfection), vector control, prevention, and program management. Overall, 54 articles from countries with various endemicity levels were included. These studies focused on malaria epidemiology, surveillance, and case management, with few studies on vector control. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected malaria control differently in different regions. In malaria-free, low-, and high-endemic countries, malaria cases were reduced mainly due to strict public health measures such as travel restrictions, quarantines, and COVID-19-related stigma, which reduced clinic attendance. Conversely, increased malaria cases owing to increased imports, relapses of malaria cases triggered by COVID-19, social conflicts, and underreporting have contributed to this surge. The priority shift to COVID-19 has affected malaria centers, resulting in personnel shortages, budget limits, and an increased number of malaria cases and outbreaks. The pandemic has also spurred innovative malaria prevention methods, such as using social media to raise awareness in China. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a mixed impact on the number of malarial cases reported across Asia. The three main factors were travel restrictions, COVID-19-related stigma, and shifting priorities to COVID-19. Integrating malaria control and COVID-19 strategies, strengthening the healthcare system, developing flexible malaria control strategies during crises, and developing innovative solutions could mitigate these impacts.
Технологический брокеридж в регионах: современное состояние и перспективы
Authors: Иванова Ольга Петровна , Тумин Валерий Максимович , Трифонов Владимир Александрович
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена актуальному вопросу решения задачи технологического развития в регионах РФ. При этом анализ показывает, что развитие рынка технологического брокериджа в регионах РФ находится в стадии становления, крайне мало теоретико-методологических разработок, посвященных вопросам технологического посредничества в целях ускорения технологического развития страны и отдельных регионов. Целью данного исследования является выявление потребности в создании и развитии в регионах технологических брокеров, обеспечивающих осуществление инжиниринга, трансфера технологий и интеллектуальных прав, а также разработка перспективной модели портфеля услуг регионального технологического брокера. Для изучения проблемы был проведен опрос, в котором приняли участие 55 предприятий Новгородской области. В результате исследования обоснована необходимость создания в регионах технологических брокеров, осуществляющих специализированный вид деятельности, использующий знания и способности выстраивать высокоэффективные коммуникации в сфере науки, инжиниринга, производства и коммерциализации инновационных разработок для решения проблем технологического развития предприятий и роста плотности инноваций. Выделены ключевые черты технологического брокера, сформирована перспективная модель его портфеля услуг. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в развитие концепции открытых инноваций для ускорения темпов обновления технологий в промышленном производстве регионов.
Выбор руководством предприятий пищевой промышленности внедряемых цифровых технологий для решения стратегических, тактических и операционных задач
Authors: Малиновский Максим Олегович , Анисимов Александр Юрьевич
Published: November 2024

В условиях цифровой экономики повышение конкурентоспособности предприятий пищевой промышленности зависит от качества управления, на которое, в свою очередь, оказывает влияние уровень цифрового развития, достигаемый как внедрением цифровых технологий, так и повышением цифровых компетенций сотрудников. Целью исследования является поиск теоретического обоснования выбора руководством предприятий пищевой промышленности цифровых технологий для принятия управленческих решений. Теоретико-методической основой исследования являются труды ученых в области цифровой трансформации промышленного сектора. Для достижения цели исследования использовались общенаучные методы изучения экономических явлений, методы статистического анализа. Информационную базу исследования составили статистические данные, публикуемые Росстатом. В исследовании предложена классификация цифровых технологий с точки зрения целей и уровней управления. Предложенная классификация дополняет современную теорию цифровой трансформации и позволяет обеспечить рациональный подход к выбору внедряемых цифровых технологий с точки зрения поставленных перед предприятием стратегических, тактических и оперативных задач. Исследование вносит вклад в понимание проблем цифровизации пищевой промышленности и позволяет выявить ключевые аспекты, которые необходимо учитывать при внедрении цифровых технологий в данном секторе. Результаты исследования позволили выявить наиболее используемые на предприятиях пищевой промышленности цифровые технологии, определить основные трудности, с которыми сталкиваются предприятия пищевой промышленности при использовании и внедрении цифровых технологий, и оценить результативность их внедрения.
Bulanık K-En Yakın Komşuluk Algoritmasında Lempel-Ziv Mesafe Ölçütünün Etkisi: Büyüme Faktörlerinin Sınıflandırılması Örneği
Authors: Çifci Berk Tolga , Kabadayı Ramazan , Kandemir Çavaş Çağın
Published: November 2024

Hücresel olaylar, proteinlerin eylemleri sonucunda gerçekleşir. Amino asitlerin farklı dizilimleri farklı protein yapılarının oluşmasına neden olur. Yapılarına göre hücresel olaylardaki aktiviteleri de değişiklik gösterir. Bu nedenle protein dizilerinin yapısal veya işlevsel olarak sınıflandırılması hücresel olaylardaki rolleri hakkında bilgi edinmek için oldukça değerlidir. Büyüme faktörleri; hücreler üzerinde çoğalma, farklılaşma, onarım ve bakım gibi birçok süreçte yer alan proteinlerdir. Büyüme faktörlerinin in vivo çalışmaları kısa yarı ömre, zayıf bir dayanıklılığa yol açar. Biyoenformatik alanı temelinde literatürde NGF ve BDNF’nin sınıflandırılmasıyla ilgili herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır Büyüme faktörlerinin biyoenformatik alanında incelenmesi düşük maliyetle, daha hızlı sonuçlara ulaşılmasını sağlayabilir. Nörotrofinler; sinir hücrelerinin büyümesi, çoğalması, farklılaşması ve fonksiyonları üzerinde etkili olan büyüme faktörü ailelerinden biridir. Çalışmalar, her ne kadar nörotrofin ailesinin üyeleri olan NGF ve BDNF’ye dair bilgiler sunsa da hücresel ve moleküler işlevlerinin hala iyi anlaşılmadığını da göstermektedir. Biyoenformatik alanında yaygın olarak kullanılan k-En Yakın Komşuluk (KNN) algoritmasının performansı önemli ölçüde kullanılan mesafeye bağlıdır. Bulanık KNN (FKNN) algoritması için de mesafe ölçümleri, bulanıklık derecesini hesaplamak için önemlidir. Çalışmamızda, ortak bir atadan gelen ve çok benzer yüksek dereceli protein yapısına sahip olan NGF ve BDNF’nin, ayrıca NT-3’ün bulanık sınıflandırılması yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada, FKNN algoritmasında test verisi ile eğitim verileri arasındaki mesafeyi ölçmek için protein sekanslarının Lempel-Ziv karmaşıklık değerlerine dayalı mesafe ölçümünün kullanılması önerilmektedir. Uniprot veri tabanından alınan verilerle birlikte FKNN algoritmasında Lempel-Ziv uzaklığı kullanıldığında K komşu sayısının 12 olması karşılığında, sınıflandırma performansı %83 olarak elde edilmiştir. Öklid Uzaklığı kullanıldığında elde edilen en yüksek sınıflandırma performansı ise %75’tir. Maksimum doğruluk oranını elde ettiğimiz noktada Öklid uzaklığını kullandığımızda algoritmamızın çalışma süresi 0.0054 ms iken Lempel-Ziv uzaklığı kullandığımızda 0.0038 ms’dir. Literatürde NGF ve BDNF’nin sınıflandırılmasıyla ilgili herhangi bir çalışma bulunmaması sebebiyle, elde edilen bulgular, makine öğrenmesi tekniklerinin nörotrofinlerin sınıflandırılmasında ilk kez uygulanması açısından bir yenilik sunmaktadır.
Redefining Packaging Solutions: The Advantages of Split-layer Packaging for Waste Reduction and Climate Action
Authors: Ciawi Yenni , Tonyes Silvia Gabrina , Dwipayanti Ni Made Utami
Published: November 2024

The widespread use of multilayer packaging in industries such as food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics is driven by its ability to provide superior protection against environmental factors. However, the complex composition of multilayer packaging, involving bonded layers of different materials, presents substantial challenges for recycling, leading to low recycling rates and significant landfill accumulation. This study explores the potential of double packaging, which employs easily separable layers, as a solution to enhance recycling efficiency and mitigate environmental impacts. Primary recycling methods, including mechanical and chemical processes, are examined alongside advanced techniques like solvent-based and enzymatic recycling. Design considerations for double packaging are analyzed, emphasizing the use of minimal materials and adhesives, strategic sealing, and clear labeling to facilitate recyclability. Case studies from the food, beverage, and cosmetics sectors highlight the practical benefits of double packaging, demonstrating improvements in recycling rates, cost-effectiveness, and consumer compliance. The findings suggest that double packaging significantly simplifies the recycling process, reduces dependency on landfills, and lowers greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing the need for virgin materials. Effective implementation requires industry collaboration, regulatory support, economic incentives, investment in innovative recycling technologies, and robust consumer education programs. Double packaging emerges as a viable strategy for advancing sustainable packaging solutions and promoting a circular economy.
Economic Impacts of Carbon Taxation Modeled Through Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Bohr Tamara , Caro Casey , Corbett Samuel
Published: November 2024

The urgency of addressing climate change has led to the implementation of various policy measures, with carbon taxation emerging as a significant tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines the economic impacts of carbon taxation through advanced deep learning techniques, highlighting the effectiveness of these models in capturing the complex, non-linear relationships between carbon emissions and various economic indicators. The study reveals that carbon taxation has both short-term and long-term economic implications. In the short term, industries reliant on fossil fuels may face increased operational costs and potential job losses, while the renewable energy sector experiences growth as employment opportunities shift. Over the long term, carbon taxation fosters structural changes within the economy, promoting innovation and investment in sustainable technologies. Furthermore, the environmental benefits associated with reduced carbon emissions can lead to significant cost savings in healthcare and environmental remediation, indicating that the advantages of carbon taxation extend beyond economic metrics alone. The study also identifies gaps in the current literature and suggests that future research should refine models to analyze the economic impacts of carbon taxation more effectively. This includes addressing data limitations and exploring the potential biases in existing datasets. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence in economic modeling presents opportunities for real-time data analysis and the exploration of other environmental policies, such as renewable energy subsidies and emissions trading systems. Ultimately, this research contributes to the understanding of how innovative modeling approaches can inform effective and equitable carbon taxation policies, driving sustainable economic growth in the face of climate change.
A Multi-Model Approach to Legal Judgment Prediction Using Advanced Knowledge Integration Techniques
Authors: Leung Chu , Mehrnia Ben
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a multi-model approach to legal judgment prediction, emphasizing the integration of advanced knowledge techniques to enhance predictive accuracy and interpretability. As the volume of legal data continues to grow, traditional prediction methods often fall short in capturing the complexities of legal reasoning and case outcomes. By combining various modeling strategies, including rule-based systems and machine learning algorithms, this research demonstrates how a multi-model framework can leverage the strengths of different methodologies to provide more reliable predictions. Furthermore, the incorporation of knowledge integration techniques, such as knowledge graphs and Large Language Models (LLM), enriches the predictive models by offering contextual insights and improving feature selection. The findings indicate that this innovative approach not only improves the accuracy of legal predictions but also fosters transparency and trust among legal practitioners. Ultimately, this study lays the groundwork for future research in legal judgment prediction, advocating for the continued exploration of hybrid models and the application of emerging technologies to address the evolving challenges within the legal landscape.
Research on the Impact of ESG Performance on Corporate Risk Taking
Authors: Zhang Weiru , An Zhiyu
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the findings of an empirical investigation into the relationship between improvements in ESG performance and the level of enterprise risk-taking. The analysis is based on a sample of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022. The results demonstrate that an enhancement in ESG performance markedly diminishes the extent of corporate risk-taking. The impact mechanism test illustrates that the advancement of ESG performance will curtail the executive's overconfidence, thereby impeding the enterprises risk-taking. In this context, the financing constraint exerts a "masking effect", whereby the inhibition effect of CEO overconfidence outweighs the promotion effect of financing constraints.
Analysis of Incentive Compatibility Mechanism for Content Services of Gas Companies under the Background of Universal Service
Authors: Huang Jie , Liu Qinghua
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the issue of gas billing has attracted widespread attention from the public, leading to a crisis of trust in gas public goods and services. From the perspective of universal service, based on the characteristics of the gas supply industry under monopoly conditions, this paper analyzes the reasons for the lack of motivation of gas companies to provide perfect content services, and uses incentive theory to explore the incentive compatibility mechanism of gas companies' content services, in order to promote gas companies to use the Internet, big data, cloud computing technology to provide consumers with perfect content services, so as to enhance social harmony and stability.