bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Molecular Features of Feline Foamy Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus Co-Infection in Naturally-Infected Cats
Authors: Cavalcante Liliane T. F. , Muniz Cláudia P. , Jia Hongwei , Augusto Anderson M. , Troccoli Fernando , Medeiros Sheila de O. , Dias Carlos G. A. , Switzer William M. , Soares Marcelo A. , Santos André F.
Published: December 2018

Feline foamy virus (FFV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) belong to the Retroviridae family. While disease has not been reported for FFV infection, FeLV infection can cause anemia and immunosuppression (progressive infection). Co-infection with FFV/FeLV allows evaluation of the pathogenic potential and epidemiology of FFV infection in cats with FeLV pathology. Blood and buccal swab samples from 81 cats were collected in Rio de Janeiro. Plasma was serologically tested for FeLV. DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and buccal swabs was used to PCR detect FFV and FeLV. A qPCR was developed to detect and measure FFV proviral loads (pVLs) in cats. FeLV qPCR was performed using previous methods. The median log10 pVL of FFV mono-infected individuals was lower than found in FFV/FeLV co-infected cats in buccal swabs (p = 0.003). We found 78% of cats had detectable buccal FFV DNA in FFV mono-infected and FFV co-infected FeLV-progressive cats, while in FeLV-regressive cats (those without signs of disease) 22% of cats had detectable buccal FFV DNA (p = 0.004). Our results suggest that regressive FeLV infection may reduce FFV saliva transmission, the main mode of FV transmission. We did not find evidence of differences in pathogenicity in FFV mono- and -dually infected cats. In summary, we show that FVs may interact with FeLV within the same host. Our study supports the utility of cats naturally co-infected with retroviruses as a model to investigate the impact of FV on immunocompromised mammalian hosts.
The Revisited Genome of Bacillus subtilis Bacteriophage SPP1
Authors: Godinho Lia M. , El Sadek Fadel Mehdi , Monniot Céline , Jakutyte Lina , Auzat Isabelle , Labarde Audrey , Djacem Karima , Oliveira Leonor , Carballido-Lopez Rut , Ayora Silvia , Tavares Paulo
Published: December 2018

Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPP1 is a lytic siphovirus first described 50 years ago. Its complete DNA sequence was reported in 1997. Here we present an updated annotation of the 44,016 bp SPP1 genome and its correlation to different steps of the viral multiplication process. Five early polycistronic transcriptional units encode phage DNA replication proteins and lysis functions together with less characterized, mostly non-essential, functions. Late transcription drives synthesis of proteins necessary for SPP1 viral particles assembly and for cell lysis, together with a short set of proteins of unknown function. The extensive genetic, biochemical and structural biology studies on the molecular mechanisms of SPP1 DNA replication and phage particle assembly rendered it a model system for tailed phages research. We propose SPP1 as the reference species for a new SPP1-like viruses genus of the Siphoviridae family.
A Simple Method for Estimating Field Crop Evapotranspiration from Pot Experiments
Authors: Lu Yunxuan , Ma Donghao , Chen Xiaomin , Zhang Jiabao
Published: December 2018

Pot experiments are a low-cost and easy-to-use technique for studies of soil evaporation and plant transpiration in controlled environments. However, little attention has been paid to the applicability of evapotranspiration (ET) measured in pot experiments to the field. The objective of this study was to determine whether a pot experiment can be used for measuring field ET. Evapotranspiration experiments with winter wheat and summer maize were conducted in pots and lysimeters under various water-deficit conditions. The measured ET values in the pot experiments under different water conditions were considerably different from those of the lysimeters. Causes of such differences in ET were analyzed, and a series of corrections were proposed to eliminate the effects of different crop densities, representative areas per plant, and soil moisture conditions on pot experiment results. After these corrections, the discrepancy in the total ET of wheat-maize seasons between pots and lysimeters was greatly reduced from a maximum of 117% to only approximately 10%. The relative mean square errors (RMSEs) for daily ET values also decreased from a maximum value of 4.56 mm to less than 1.5 mm for the wheat season and from a maximum value of 6.02 mm to approximately 2 mm for the maize season. Possible measures were proposed to further improve the accuracy of the corrected ET obtained from pot experiments. In sum, pot experiments can serve as a feasible tool for estimating ET in the field just with a few routine measurements at regions where large-scale weighing lysimeters, an eddy covariance device, and even meteorological data are not available. The proposed corrections can also be used for upscaling small-scale ET measurements to a large scale.
Event-Response Ellipses: A Method to Quantify and Compare the Role of Dynamic Storage at the Catchment Scale in Snowmelt-Dominated Systems
Authors: Driscoll Jessica M. , Meixner Thomas , Molotch Noah P. , Ferre Ty P. A. , Williams Mark W. , Sickman James O.
Published: December 2018

A method for quantifying the role of dynamic storage as a physical buffer between snowmelt and streamflow at the catchment scale is introduced in this paper. The method describes a quantitative relation between hydrologic events (e.g., snowmelt) and responses (e.g., streamflow) by generating event-response ellipses that can be used to (a) characterize and compare catchment-scale dynamic storage processes, and (b) assess the closure of the water balance. Event-response ellipses allow for the role of dynamic, short-term storage to be quantified and compared between seasons and between catchments. This method is presented as an idealization of the system: a time series of a snowmelt event as a portion of a sinusoidal wave function. The event function is then related to a response function, which is the original event function modified mathematically through phase and magnitude shifts to represent the streamflow response. The direct relation of these two functions creates an event-response ellipse with measurable characteristics (e.g., eccentricity, angle). The ellipse characteristics integrate the timing and magnitude difference between the hydrologic event and response to quantify physical buffering through dynamic storage. Next, method is applied to eleven snowmelt seasons in two well-instrumented headwater snowmelt-dominated catchments with known differences in storage capacities. Results show the time-period average daily values produce different event-response ellipse characteristics for the two catchments. Event-response ellipses were also generated for individual snowmelt seasons; however, these annual applications of the method show more scatter relative to the time period averaged values. The event-response ellipse method provides a method to compare and evaluate the connectivity between snowmelt and streamflow as well as assumptions of water balance.
The Influence of Karst Aquifer Mineralogy and Geochemistry on Groundwater Characteristics: West Bank, Palestine
Authors: Jebreen Hassan , Banning Andre , Wohnlich Stefan , Niedermayr Andrea , Ghanem Marwan , Wisotzky Frank
Published: December 2018

This work reports, for the first time, the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of karst aquifers in the Central West Bank (CWB) catchment in Palestine. It provides an integrated study approach by correlating the geochemistry of the lithology and hydrochemical data of groundwater samples. Mineralogical analysis showed that all of the samples were dominantly composed of either calcite CaCO3 (5–100 wt. %) or dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 (4–100 wt. %), with minor amounts of quartz and feldspar, which is supported by the inorganic carbon content (9–13 wt. %) and hydrochemical composition of the spring water samples. The whole-rock geochemical data indicated that the samples have low contents of trace elements and transition metals. In contrast, the concentrations of alkaline earth elements (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and Mn were high in the rock and groundwater samples. Generally, the trace elements of rock samples with concentrations >10 ppm included Sr (17–330 ppm), Mn (17–367 ppm), Ba (2–32 ppm), W (5–37 ppm), Cr (3–23 ppm), Zn (1.7–28 ppm), V (4–23 ppm), and Zr (1–22 ppm), while the concentrations of all the other trace elements was below 10 ppm. Ionic ratios and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggested that the chemical evolution of groundwater was mainly related to the geogenic (rock–water) interaction in the study area. This is clear in the alkaline earth elements (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) ratios, especially regarding the Sr values. The calcite rock samples had higher Sr (mean 160 ppm, n = 11) than those of the dolomite rocks (mean 76 ppm, n = 9).
Assessing the Feasibility of Soil Infiltration Trenches for Highway Runoff Control on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii
Authors: Sobotkova Martina , Dusek Jaromir , Alavi Ghasem , Sharma Laxman , Ray Chittaranjan
Published: December 2018

The coastal waters of Hawaii are extremely important for recreation as well as for the health of the marine environment. Non-point source pollution from storm runoff poses a great threat to surface water quality in Hawaii. The State of Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) includes infiltration trenches as a best management practice (BMP) option to reduce pollution caused by stormwater runoff. HDOT guidelines state that the implementation of BMPs is needed to reduce sediment and pollutant loads to streams and the ocean. In this study, the suitability of soils adjacent to highways on Oahu for the siting of infiltration trenches was examined. In addition to field surveys and in-situ tests, laboratory investigations on soil properties, infiltration experiments on undisturbed soil columns, and mathematical modeling of hydraulic functioning of the infiltration trench were conducted. Dissolved metal concentrations in highway stormwater runoff were observed to exceed the groundwater environmental action levels for all heavy metals tested, but the soils had high sorption capacity for these metals. The results of the simulations indicated that all the sampled Oahu soils, with one exception, would require less than two hours to drain a filled hypothetical trench. Therefore, these soils are suitable for construction of infiltration trenches as a possible BMP, even when clogging of soil is considered in the simulation.
Groundwater Quality and Suitability for Different Uses in the Saloum Area of Senegal
Authors: Ndoye Seyni , Fontaine Claude , Gaye Cheikh Becaye , Razack Moumtaz
Published: December 2018

Hydrogeochemical analyses were conducted on groundwater sampled from the Saloum aquifer, in southern Senegal. The objective was to identify the chemical processes that control hydrochemistry and to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Water samples were collected from 79 wells during the dry season in May 2012, and were subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics (major ions), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solid (TDS). The dominant hydrochemical facies observed for the groundwater samples are NaCl and CaHCO3. Gibbs plot depicts predominance of rock water interaction and evaporation processes controlling the water chemistry. Percentage of Na+, Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Total Hardness (TH) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) values were calculated. The results were compared with the standard guideline values recommended by the World Health Organization and agricultural water standards. The TDS in groundwater is less than 1200 mg/L and SAR values are less than 10. RSC values overall are less than 1.25 meq/L. Results show that the groundwater in the area has generally a low hardness and is fresh (95%) to brackish. The majority of groundwater samples are appropriate for domestic uses. The indexes for water irrigation compared with standard limits revealed that most of the Saloum groundwater samples fall in the suitable range for irrigation.
Effectiveness of an integrated diabetes care package at primary healthcare facilities: a cluster randomised trial in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Amir , Walley John D , Khan Nida , Hicks Joseph , Ahmed Maqsood , Khan Shaheer Ellahi , Khan Muhammad Ahmar , Khan Haroon Jehangir , Harries Anthony D
Published: December 2018

Background

There were an estimated 7 million people living with diabetes in Pakistan in 2014, and this is predicted to reach 11.4 million by 2030.

Aim

To assess if an integrated care package can achieve better control of diabetes.

Design & setting

The pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) was conducted from December 2014–June 2016 at 14 primary healthcare facilities in Sargodha district. Opportunistic screening, diagnostic testing, and patient recording processes were introduced in both the control 'testing, treating, and recording' (TTR) arm, and the intervention 'additional case management' (ACM) arm, which also included a clinical care guide and pictorial flipbook for lifestyle education, associated clinician training, and mobile phone follow-up.

Method

Clinics were randomised on a 1:1 basis (sealed envelope lottery method) and 250 patients recruited in the ACM arm and 245 in the TTR-only arm (age ≥25 years and HbA1c >7%). The primary outcome was mean change in HbA1c (%) from baseline to 9-month follow-up. Patients and staff were not blinded.

Results

The primary outcome was available for n = 238/250 (95.2%) participants in the ACM arm and n = 219/245 (89.4%) participants in the TTR-only arm (all clusters). Cluster level mean outcome was -2.26 pp (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -2.99 to -1.53) for the ACM arm, and -1.44 pp (95% CI = -2.34 to -0.54) for the TTR-only arm. Cluster level mean ACM–TTR difference (covariate-unadjusted) was -0.82 pp (95% CI = -1.86 to 0.21; P = 0.11).

Conclusion

The ACM intervention in public healthcare facilities did not show a statistically significant effect on HbA1c reduction compared to the control (TTR-only) arm. Future evaluation should assess changes after a longer follow-up period, and minimal care enhancement in the comparator (control) arm.
Secular Transport during Disk Dispersal: The Case of Kepler-419
Authors: Petrovich Cristobal , Wu Yanqin , Ali-Dib Mohamad
Published: December 2018

Due to fortuitous circumstances, the two giant planets around Kepler-419 have well characterized three-dimensional orbits. They are nearly coplanar to each other; the inner one has a large eccentricity (≃0.82); and the apses of the two orbits librate around anti-alignment. Such a state defies available proposals for large eccentricities. We argue that it is instead uniquely produced by a decaying protoplanetary disk. When the disk was massive, its precessional effect on the planets forced the two apses to center around an anti-aligned state. And as the disk is gradually eroded, the pair of planets are adiabatically transported to a new state where most of the eccentricity (or rather, the angular momentum deficit) is transferred to the inner planet, and the two apses are largely anti-aligned. During this transport, any initial mutual inclination may be reduced or enhanced; either may be compatible with the current constraints. So a primordial disk can drive up planet eccentricities both in resonant planet pairs (as has been shown for GJ 876) and in secularly-interacting, non-resonant pairs. The mechanism discussed here may be relevant for forming hot Jupiters and for explaining the observed eccentricities of warm and cold giant planets.
Multi-band Polarimetry of the Lunar Surface. II. Grain Size Evolutionary Pathway
Authors: Jeong Minsup , Choi Young-Jun , Kim Sungsoo S. , Kim Il-Hoon , Shkuratov Yuriy. G. , Yang Hongu
Published: December 2018

To understand grain size evolution on the lunar surface in detail, we analyze the distribution of the average grain size

for the lunar near side obtained by Jeong et al. Furthermore, we analyze the polarimetric properties of the regolith simulants SiC and JSC-1A in a laboratory. We find two characteristics of grain size evolution on the Moon. First, the lunar regolith has evolved on a specific evolutionary pathway in

space. Here, Φ is defined as the ratio of the perpendicular (

) and parallel (

) components of the reflectance. Second, we also find that the evolutionary pathway depends on the FeO abundance and selenographic latitude of the surface. The dependence on the FeO content seems to result from the different resistance to comminution of regolith materials, and the dependence on the latitude seems to result from differences in the resurfacing environment. We present the probable causes of these characteristics of grain size evolution on the lunar surface.
Magnetic Helicity Condensation and the Solar Cycle
Authors: Mackay Duncan H. , DeVore C. Richard , Antiochos Spiro K. , Yeates Anthony R.
Published: December 2018

Solar filaments exhibit a global chirality pattern where dextral/sinistral filaments, corresponding to negative/positive magnetic helicity, are dominant in the northern/southern hemisphere. This pattern is opposite to the sign of magnetic helicity injected by differential rotation along east–west oriented polarity inversion lines, posing a major conundrum for solar physics. A resolution of this problem is offered by the magnetic helicity-condensation model of Antiochos. To investigate the global consequences of helicity condensation for the hemispheric chirality pattern, we apply a temporally and spatially averaged statistical approximation of helicity condensation. Realistic magnetic field configurations in both the rising and declining phases of the solar cycle are simulated. For the helicity-condensation process, we assume convective cells consisting of positive/negative vorticities in the northern/southern hemisphere that inject negative/positive helicity. The magnitude of the vorticity is varied as a free parameter, corresponding to different rates of helicity injection. To reproduce the observed percentages of dominant and minority filament chiralities, we find that a vorticity of magnitude 2.5 × 10−6 s−1 is required. This rate, however, is insufficient to produce the observed unimodal profile of chirality with latitude. To achieve this, a vorticity of at least 5 × 10−6 s−1 is needed. Our results place a lower limit on the small-scale helicity injection required to dominate differential rotation and reproduce the observed hemispheric pattern. Future studies should aim to establish whether the helicity injection rate due to convective flows and/or flux emergence across all latitudes of the Sun is consistent with our results.
Population genomic analyses of RAD sequences resolves the phylogenetic relationship of the lichen-forming fungal species Usnea antarctica and Usnea aurantiacoatra
Authors: Grewe Felix , Lagostina Elisa , Wu Huini , Printzen Christian , Lumbsch H. Thorsten
Published: December 2018

Neuropogonoid species in the lichen-forming fungal genusUsneaexhibit great morphological variation that can be misleading for delimitation of species. We specifically focused on the species delimitation of two closely-related, predominantly Antarctic species differing in the reproductive mode and representing a so-called species pair: the asexualU.antarcticaand the sexualU.aurantiacoatra. Previous studies have revealed contradicting results. While multi-locus studies based on DNA sequence data provided evidence that these two taxa might be conspecific, microsatellite data suggested they represent distinct lineages. By using RADseq, we generated thousands of homologous markers to build a robust phylogeny of the two species. Furthermore, we successfully implemented these data in fine-scale population genomic analyses such as DAPC and fineRADstructure. BothUsneaspecies are readily delimited in phylogenetic inferences and, therefore, the hypothesis that both species are conspecific was rejected. Population genomic analyses also strongly confirmed separated genomes and, additionally, showed different levels of co-ancestry and substructure within each species. Lower co-ancestry in the asexualU.antarcticathan in the sexualU.aurantiacoatramay be derived from a wider distributional range of the former species. Our results demonstrate the utility of this RADseq method in tracing population dynamics of lichens in future analyses.
A new species of Lobellina and first record of Vietnura from China (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae)
Authors: Jiang Ji-Gang , Huang Cheng-Wang , Luan Yun-Xia
Published: December 2018

A new species ofLobellinaYosii, 1956 and a key to all species of the genus is provided. It is distinguished from all known members of the genus by its unique set of morphological characters: mandible with six teeth, cephalic chaeta O present, and free from tubercle Fr, cephalic tubercle Oc with three chaetae, cephalic tubercle Di separate, and tubercle Dl with four (sometimes three) chaetae, Ant. I with eight chaetae, and claw with an inner tooth.VietnuracaeruleaDeharveng & Bedos, 2000 is recorded from China for the first time. New localities ofRambutanurahunanensisJiang & Dong, 2018 andVitronuraparaacutaWang, Wang & Jiang, 2016 from southwest China are also provided.
De l’utilisation du contre-transfert (CT) en thérapie familiale
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: December 2018

Dans cet article, l’auteur se propose de travailler le concept de contre-transfert dans son application à la thérapie familiale psychanalytique (TFP) ainsi que de couple (TPC). Il part de l’idée de Winnicott, selon laquelle le thérapeute n’est pas seulement désigné comme un objet significatif des patients, mais qu’il est attendu dans une écoute, une disponibilité et un accueil afin de « se faire utiliser ». La dissymétrie thérapeutes-patient y devient d’autant plus intéressante. L’auteur revisite les apports de différents précurseurs pour s’intéresser à ce que le CT a de spécifique auprès des familles en thérapie ; le roman familial y joue un rôle singulier, le thérapeute étant désigné comme un être non-humain ou l’autre du parent, géniteur, formateur, grand parent, objet transgénérationnel. Le thérapeute va ainsi éprouver ce qui la famille ne peut se représenter, les incertitudes, le désarroi, la sidération. L’auteur étudie également les virtualités de l’intertransfert entre cothérapeutes ; l’intertransfert devient un modèle d’élaboration qui fertilise le groupe en traitement sans que l’on s’en aperçoive. Le transfert peut s’y diversifier tout en se référant à une totalité groupale. Deux vignettes cliniques illustrent ces idées.
Les questionnaires d’évaluation des fonctionnaires allemands pendant le nazisme et lors de la dénazification
Authors: Vincent Marie-Bénédicte
Published: December 2018

L’article examine des questionnaires d’évaluation de fonctionnaires allemands membres de l’organisation nazie du Reichsbund der Deutschen Beamten entre 1933 et 1945, ainsi que des questionnaires d’épuration dans l’immédiat après-guerre jusqu’en 1948, en réinsérant cette séquence dans une histoire longue de la « fonction publique professionnelle ». Il s’agit de réfléchir aux continuités dans les pratiques et les formes de l’évaluation et de la surveillance des fonctionnaires dans une période de changements politiques radicaux avec les deux césures de 1933 et 1945.
Des connaissances aux décisions : la mise en œuvre des directives européennes sur l’eau douce et marine
Authors: Bouleau Gabrielle , Carter Caitríona , Thomas Arnaud
Published: December 2018

Cet article compare l’effet d’une forme de « participation performative » sur la nature et l’usage de savoirs lors de la mise en œuvre de la Directive-cadre sur l’eau (DCE) par comparaison avec la mise en œuvre de la Directive-cadre stratégie milieu marin (DCSMM) en Nouvelle Aquitaine. Les deux directives promeuvent une approche écosystémique à l’égard de la participation, mais donnent peu d’éléments sur sa mise en pratique. Pour saisir comment les acteurs ont agi, d’une façon comparative, nous mobilisons un nouveau cadre conceptuel (les 4A) qui distingue : (1) l’Acquisition des connaissances et des ressources politiques, (2) leur Agrégation, (3) leur usage dans l’Argumentation de la décision et (4) leur Accumulation. Les résultats montrent comment les différentes formes de médiation en lien avec une approche écosystémique peuvent construire deux nouveaux types de « publics » dans la gouvernance de l’eau.
Légitimité des savoirs citoyens dans la gestion participative des territoires de l’eau
Authors: Crémin Émilie , Linton Jamie , Jacquin Natacha , Perrin Jacques-Aristide
Published: December 2018

Alors que la participation du public est devenue une prescription réglementaire, nous questionnons ici la légitimité et la place accordée aux savoirs citoyens dans la gestion participative des territoires de l’eau. Pour répondre à ces questions, cet article présente un projet de recherche participative impliquant des habitants de la rivière Dordogne. Plusieurs outils ont été mobilisés (ateliers, cartes, entretiens) pour engager la participation du public, identifier et comprendre la construction des savoirs citoyens. L’ensemble de cette recherche a fait l’objet d’un tournage et a donné lieu à la réalisation d’un film utilisé, une fois monté, comme un outil de recherche. Les séances de projection ont permis de poursuivre le débat. L’analyse des données produites met en évidence une pluralité de savoirs et une diversité d’usages de la rivière que nous présentons dans l’article. Néanmoins, le sentiment d’attachement à cet espace contribue à la construction d’une identité riveraine commune. Face à une gestion dominée par les « savoirs experts », le recours aux savoirs des citoyens et leurs mobilisations dans des outils participatifs permettraient de mieux politiser des enjeux concernant l’aménagement de la Dordogne. La prise en compte légitime de ces savoirs permettrait d’assurer l’appropriation des territoires de l’eau par les populations riveraines.
Révélation des ressources spécifiques territoriales et inégalités de développement
Authors: Colletis Gabriel , Pecqueur Bernard
Published: December 2018

Le texte se propose d’actualiser des publications plus anciennes à propos des facteurs de la concurrence spatiale ( Colletis et Pecqueur, 1993, 2005). Nous montrons comment les notions de ressource territoriale et de patrimoine territorial permettent de comprendre le processus de construction du territoire et d’analyser la pertinence des politiques publiques locales qui s’y rattachent. La ressource territoriale trouve sa place dans une relecture de la mondialisation et de son corollaire, la proximité géographique.
Dynamiques de proximité : pistes de réflexion pour un enrichissement des modèles
Authors: Gallaud Delphine
Published: December 2018

Pendant longtemps, les travaux des deux écoles de la proximité, ont porté sur des analyses en statique de l’articulation des proximités. Mais, depuis les années 2000, elles ont proposé chacune un modèle d’analyse des dynamiques. L’école hollandaise ( Balland et al., 2015) analyse l’évolution jointe des réseaux d’innovation et des cinq types de proximités définis par Boschma (2005). Torre (2010) a proposé un modèle centré sur la dynamique d’articulation des proximités au cours des projets d’innovation en coopération. Toutefois, ces deux modèles ne proposent qu’un type de dynamique. L’article vise à enrichir le modèle de Torre (2010), qui décrit la trajectoire de coopération allant jusqu’au bout du projet, en incluant les trajectoires interrompues et les trajectoires de reconduction des coopérations. L’approvisionnement des selfs des lycées illustre ces dynamiques.
Literature and Psychedelics: a Pharmacological Subversion of Authentic Life. With an example from William S. Burroughs
Authors: Patoine Pierre-Louis
Published: December 2018

Nous explorons dans cet article la manière dont la « vie authentique » se constitue à travers un style de conscience normé, que la pratique de la littérature et de certains psychotropes conteste. Cette exploration se consacre plus précisément aux hallucinogènes dits « psychédéliques » et à The Wild Boys , que William S. Burroughs publie en 1971. Cette analyse comparée s’appuie sur la notion platonicienne de pharmakon , et sur la prise en compte des spécificités neurophysiologiques de la littérature et des substances psychédéliques. Nous concluons en observant que l’usage que fait Burroughs de l’ekphrasis agit comme une drogue psychédélique, perturbant la conscience séquentielle habituelle et libérant la sensation et le désir des contraintes normatives de la production et de la reproduction promues à l’époque moderne.
Total Elbow Arthroplasty Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for the Management of Distal Humerus Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Schindelar Lili E. , Rondon Alexander J. , Ilyas Asif M.
Published: December 2018

Distal humerus fractures, which are challenging injuries seen in geriatric patients, are often repaired using open reduction and internal fixation or total elbow arthroplasty. This updated meta-analysis, which includes more recent open reduction and internal fixation techniques, examined outcomes following distal humerus fractures repaired using open reduction and internal fixation vs total elbow arthroplasty. Although distal humerus fractures treated with total elbow arthroplasty achieved statistically higher functional scores relative to those treated with open reduction and internal fixation, this difference was not clinically significant. Furthermore, the authors found no early difference in the use of either open reduction and internal fixation or total elbow arthroplasty in the management of distal humerus fractures. Choice of treatment should be based on patients' long-term demands and anticipated need for implant longevity. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(1):22–27.]
Occlusion Outside the Norm: A Unique Case of the Pulseless, Well-Perfused Hand Following Closed Humeral Shaft Fracture
Authors: Bohlen Hunter L. , Gargiulo Dominic J. , Thon Steven G.
Published: December 2018

Transient arterial injury is a common complication encountered in the management of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures, often presenting as a pulseless hand that appears well perfused, also known as the “pink, pulseless hand.” Arterial injuries in pediatric humeral shaft fractures, on the other hand, are exceedingly rare, especially in closed fractures. The authors report a rare case of a humeral shaft fracture presenting as a pink, pulseless hand. Although this complication was initially managed according to supracondylar protocol, the patient's neurologic status deteriorated. This prompted vascular assessment with computed tomography angiography, revealing a complete occlusion of the brachial artery. At this more proximal level, there is significant risk for compromise of the collateral circulation. The patient was eventually treated successfully with open reduction of the fracture followed by brachial artery repair. Although watchful waiting may be appropriate in the management of this entity for supracondylar fractures, more aggressive management was indicated for this patient because of the occlusion occurring prior to the bifurcation of the brachial artery. The lack of collateral circulation makes improvement in this injury pattern unlikely. This report emphasizes that suspected vascular injury following humeral shaft fractures should be evaluated with computed tomography angiography. If an occlusion is identified, it should be treated aggressively with immediate open fracture reduction and evaluation by a vascular team for possible repair vs grafting. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(2):e279–e281.]
Tomographic and Biomechanical Scheimpflug Imaging for Keratoconus Characterization: A Validation of Current Indices
Authors: Steinberg Johannes , Siebert Marlene , Katz Toam , Frings Andreas , Mehlan Juliane , Druchkiv Vasyl , Bühren Jens , Linke Stephan J.
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:

To analyze the potential benefit of the newly developed Tomography and Biomechanical Index (TBI) for early keratoconus screening.

METHODS:

In this retrospective study, the discriminatory power of the corneal tomography Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD-D) index and the newly developed Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) and TBI to differentiate between normal eyes, manifest keratoconus eyes (KCE), very asymmetric keratoconus eyes with ectasia (VAE-E), and their fellow eyes with either regular topography (VAE-NT) or regular topography and tomography (VAE-NTT) were analyzed by applying the
t
test (for normal distribution), Wilcoxon matched-pairs test (if not normally distributed), and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The DeLong test was used to compare the area under the ROC (AUROC). Further, the cut-offs of the analyzed indices presented in a study by Ambrósio et al. from 2017 were applied in the study population to enable a cross-validation in an independent study population.

RESULTS:

All indices demonstrated a high discriminative power when comparing normal and advanced keratoconus, which decreased when comparing normal and VAE-NT eyes and further when analyzing normal versus VAE-NTT eyes. The difference between the AUROCs reached a statistically significant level when comparing TBI versus BAD-D analyzing normal versus all included keratoconic eyes (
P
= .02). The TBI presented with the highest AUROCs throughout all conducted analyses when comparing different keratoconus stages, although not reaching a statistically significant level. Applying the cut-offs presented by Ambrósio et al. to differentiate between normal and VAE-NT in the study population, the accuracy was reproducible (accuracy in our study population with an optimized TBI cut-off: 0.72, with the cut-off defined by Ambrósio et al. 0.67).

CONCLUSIONS:

The TBI enables karatoconus screening in topographical and tomographical regular keratoconic eyes. To further improve the screening accuray, prospective studies should be conducted.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(12):840–847.]
Outcomes for Hyperopic LASIK With the MEL 90
®
Excimer Laser
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Day Alexander C. , Vida Ryan S.
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:

To report the outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia using the Triple-A ablation profile with the MEL 90 excimer laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany).

METHODS:

This retrospective analysis included 1,383 eyes treated by LASIK for hyperopia using the Triple-A ablation profile with the MEL 90 at London Vision Clinic, London, United Kingdom, between September 2013 and December 2016. Inclusion criteria were attempted hyperopic correction of +0.25 diopters (D) or higher and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/40 or better. Patients were observed for 1 year after surgery. Standard outcomes analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

One-year data were available for 1,350 (97%) eyes. Mean attempted spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) was +2.77 ± 1.34 D (range: +0.13 to +6.50 D) and mean cylinder was −0.67 ± 0.66 D (range: 0.00 to −5.00 D). Mean age was 54 ± 11 years (range: 21 to 75 years), and 57% were female. Postoperative spherical equivalent was ±0.50 D in 73% and ±1.00 D in 93% of eyes. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 75% of eyes, relative to 93% with preoperative CDVA of 20/20 or better. One line of CDVA was lost in 17% of eyes and two lines were lost in 0.6% of eyes. There was a clinically insignificant but statistically significant increase (
P
< .01) in contrast sensitivity at 3 and 6 cycles per degree (cpd) and no change for 12 and 18 cpd.

CONCLUSIONS:

LASIK for hyperopia with the MEL 90 excimer laser was found to satisfy accepted criteria for safety, efficacy, and stability.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(12):799–808.]
Safety and Efficacy of a New Phakic Posterior Chamber IOL for Correction of Myopia: 3 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Vasavada Viraj , Srivastava Samaresh , Vasavada Shail A. , Sudhalkar Aditya , Vasavada Abhay R. , Vasavada Vaishali A.
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the outcomes of a new posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (IPCL; Care Group, Baroda, India) to correct myopia.

METHODS:

This prospective, observational case series included 30 eyes undergoing implantation of the IPCL for high myopia (> −8.00 diopters [D]). Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, refraction, vault, endothelial cell loss, and adverse events were evaluated 3 years after implantation of the IPCL for high myopia.

RESULTS:

The mean spherical equivalent decreased from −16.50 ± 5.62 D preoperatively to −0.89 ± 1.27 D at 3 years. The mean UDVA and CDVA were 0.38 ± 0.21 and 0.24 ± 0.09 logMAR. No eye lost any lines and 49% of eyes gained one line or more of CDVA. One eye (3.3%) developed anterior subcapsular cataract, but did not require cataract surgery at 3 years of follow-up. Two eyes (6.6%) developed a mild transient increase in intraocular pressure, which required topical medication only for 3 months. The percentage of endothelial cell loss at 3 years was 9.73% ± 6.72%. The IPCL vault tended to reduce with time, from a mean of 626.66 ± 188.98
μ
m at 1 month to 540.22 ± 210.76
μ
m at 3 years. No vision-threatening complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implantation of the new posterior chamber phakic IOL is an effective alternative to correct high myopia, showing good outcomes at 3 years.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(12):817–823.]
Las ciudades latinoamericanas como objeto de estudio o marco espacial de análisis
Authors: Luque Azcona Emilio José
Published: December 2018

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la presencia de estudios relativos al medio urbano latinoamericano en los artículos publicados por la revista Anuario de Estudios Americanos, durante el período comprendido entre los años 1944 y 2018. Con ello pretendemos poner de relieve el aporte y la relevancia de estas investigaciones, en el contexto de las realizadas sobre historia urbana de América Latina por investigadores de diferentes disciplinas, tanto desde la propia región como desde universidades y centros de investigación de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y Europa.
Monolinguisme, plurilinguisme et translinguisme chez Paul Celan
Authors: Weissmann Dirk
Published: December 2018

Cet article se propose d’aborder le problème du plurilinguisme dans l’œuvre du poète germanophone Paul Celan (1920-1970), en examinant la genèse de son poème « Huhediblu », publié en 1963 dans le recueil Die Niemandsrose (La Rose de personne). Si la version publiée du poème comporte un certain nombre d’éléments hétérolingues, l’examen des brouillons permet de montrer que le plurilinguisme a joué un rôle éminemment créateur dans l’écriture de ce texte. Celui-ci est en effet d’abord né en marge d’extraits de poèmes en langue étrangère, et sa genèse repose sur de complexes processus translingues. Le titre même du poème, néologisme condensant la forme et le fond du texte, est le résultat d’une rencontre, d’une confrontation, d’une hybridation entre les langues. On peut ainsi parler de l’existence d’une véritable trame plutilingue qui a présidé à la naissance de ce poème, trame qu’on suivra à travers les différentes étapes de sa genèse.
Vers une génétique de la critique : le cas de Georges Poulet
Authors: Valentine Colton
Published: December 2018

Traditionnellement, la critique génétique retrace les métamorphoses d’un ouvrage littéraire, voire poétique ou fictif, à travers ses brouillons et ses variantes publiées. Dans « Vers une génétique de la critique : le cas de Georges Poulet », on s’interroge sur les conséquences d’une adaptation de cette méthode aux ouvrages de la critique littéraire. À cette fin, on aborde l’étude du cas de Georges Poulet, l’écrivain belge connu pour ses Études sur le temps humain. En s’appuyant sur la richesse des archives au Fonds Georges Poulet à Berne, on cherche, premièrement, à codifier les étapes de la « procédure critique » de Poulet : le recueil de citations, leur catégorisation thématique, et leur intégration dans l’écriture du critique. Ensuite, on constate que cette procédure soutient et explique certains principes idiosyncratiques de sa « critique d’identification », comme, par exemple, le retrait du contexte de la citation et des distinctions génériques, ainsi que la supposition que chaque œuvre est unifiée de façon organique. Finalement, on explore la façon dont cette praxis elle-même autorise une telle approche génétique de l’œuvre de Poulet. En conclusion, on réfléchit à la mesure dans laquelle ce cas pourrait fournir un socle théorique pour d’autres études de ce genre – et on se demande si une « génétique de la critique » ajoute par définition un mandat de mimétisme : une exigence d’imitation par rapport au cadre théorique de l’œuvre sondée.
NON-INVASIVE PREDICTION MODEL FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO PREDICT SEPSIS IN NEONATES
Authors: Thakur Jyoti , Pahuja S. K. , Pahuja Roop
Published: December 2018

Majority of global neonatal deaths is due to sepsis. A vast portion of these deaths occurs in developing countries due to inaccessibility of hospitals or lack of resources. Blood culture is the test to confirm sepsis, but it requires the presence of laboratory and is time-consuming. Therefore, we require simple, easy to use methods to predict sepsis in homes. Majority of the available prediction models need invasive parameters and hence become useless in the rural areas of developing countries where laboratory facilities do not exist. Non-invasive prediction models overcome these challenges to predict neonatal sepsis in places where there is a scarcity of laboratories. The aim and objective of this study are as follows: (i) to develop a practical, non-invasive prediction-model for neonatal sepsis which can be used in the rural areas of developing countries and to validate its performance. (ii) To compare the prognostic performance of the non-invasive prediction model with invasive prediction model and (iii) to create a prototype of the hardware which calculates the probability of the sepsis in neonates and sends the real-time data to the cloud. For this retrospective analysis, we extracted the data of 1446 neonates from Medical Information Mart for Intensive care III (MIMIC) database. Using stepwise logistic regression analysis, we developed and validated two prediction models. These two models were named as model NI and model O. Model O contains invasive as well as non-invasive parameters whereas model NI contains only non-invasive parameters. Model NI performed equally well in comparison to Model O despite using different predictors. The area under ROC curves for model NI and model O were 0.879 (95% CI: 0.857 to 0.899) and 0.861 (95% CI: 0.838 to 0.881) respectively. Both models were statistically significant with [Formula: see text]-value[Formula: see text].
Changing the Conversation
Authors: Raby Rosalind Latiner
Published: December 2018

Community college literature uses three distinct narratives to explain why few community colleges offer education abroad and why limited numbers of community college students study abroad. This chapter explores the viability of these narratives and counters them by showing that non-traditional community college students understand the role of education abroad to enhance their personal and professional growth, are capable of making sound decisions, and are able to balance work, school, and family. The chapter concludes with a discussion on how weak institutional choices remain the most important element that negatively impacts the choice to study abroad.
Opening the Door to Study Abroad From Community Colleges
Authors: Baer Julie
Published: December 2018

Drawing upon data from Open Doors®, this chapter highlights the unique characteristics of study abroad from community colleges over the past decade. It explores patterns in destinations, durations, and student characteristics for study abroad at community colleges over this time period. Through lessons learned from IIE's Heiskell Award winners and Generation Study Abroad (GSA) community college commitment partners, the chapter will conclude with best practices from community colleges that have made commitments to increase and diversify their study abroad programs.
Good Practices and Program Standards
Authors: Smith Carola , Hubbard Ann
Published: December 2018

With education abroad having evolved into a professional field and recognized program standards and good practices having been established, there are unique considerations that community colleges must consider regarding program development, implementation, and practices that require a particular approach to best meet the needs of both community college students and two-year institutions. By examining the nine areas of the standards of good practice developed by the Forum on Education Abroad, a narrative on each will be presented to address both their relevance and application to community colleges. Currently, with the greatest growth in U.S. education abroad occurring in short-term programming and with faculty-led programming being the most common type offered by community colleges, this review has timely relevance for the field.
Lessons Learned
Authors: Tangpricha Taryn Gassner
Published: December 2018

This chapter conducts a case study of Delaware Technical Community College as it grew its programs from 2009 to present. Despite directive from the President, support and engagement was not widespread across the state: varying by campus, division, department, and instructor. Study abroad leadership was tasked with aligning the program with the college's mission, vision, and strategic directions, and building support internally and externally to boost student enrollment in the study abroad program. By targeting three key groups of stakeholders—students, faculty, and community members—and supporting shared values towards a mutual benefit, Delaware Technical Community College was able to grow its study abroad enrollment by over 400% from 2010 to 2018.
Thinking Globally About Social Justice
Authors: Viggiano Tiffany
Published: December 2018

Scholars have identified community colleges as ideal institutions to facilitate global justice through their involvement in internationalization activities such as study abroad. This chapter explores the meaning of humanism as it relates to study abroad at the community college. Using Andreotti, Stein, Pashby, and Nicolson's Paradigms of Discourse, the chapter describes the ways in which humanism can be defined in a variety of ways based on one's own goals. The chapter also grounds a rationale for study abroad at the community college within critical humanism by applying Young's Social Connections Model. Finally, the chapter applies the critical humanist rationale to begin to question the relationship between community college study abroad initiatives: Who is included in the community mission? Whose cultures come to be understood from involvement in study abroad? How are U. S. cultures represented by study abroad?
Big Data and Doctoral Research
Authors: Berry Richard C. , Johnston Lucy
Published: December 2018

This chapter explores opportunities and challenges that are presented to doctoral candidates (and indeed all researchers) through access to big data. The authors consider what big data is and what it is not, and how working with big data differs from traditional research design and analysis. They provide examples of the opportunities that big data offers in terms of the combination of diverse data sets, sources, and types and how it can provide new perspectives on inter-disciplinary challenges. They also highlight some of the challenges for the use of big data, both for the individual researcher and for institutions. The authors advocate for the need to embrace these challenges but without foregoing data integrity and the expert use and interpretation of data.