bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The social and emotional wellbeing of Indigenous LGBTQA+ young people: a global perspective
Authors: Spurway K. , Soldatic K. , Briskman L. , Uink B. , Liddelow-Hunt S. , Hill B. , Lin A.
Published: July 2020

There has been scant exploration of the social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) of young Indigenous populations that identify as LGBTQA+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Asexual +). Given the vulnerability of this cohort living in Western settler colonial societies, wider investigation is called for to respond to their needs, experiences and aspirations. This paper summarizes existing research on the topic highlighting the lack of scholarship on the intersection of youth, Indigeneity, LGBTQA+ and SEWB. The paper takes a holistic approach to provide a global perspective that draws on an emerging body of literature and research driven by Indigenous scholars in settler colonial societies. The paper points to the importance of understanding converging colonial influences and ongoing contemporary elements, such as racism and marginalization that impact on young Indigenous LGBTQA+ wellbeing.
COMPUTABLE LINEAR ORDERS AND PRODUCTS
Authors: FROLOV ANDREY N. , LEMPP STEFFEN , NG KENG MENG , WU GUOHUA
Published: July 2020

We characterize the linear order types
$\tau $
with the property that given any countable linear order
$\mathcal {L}$
,
$\tau \cdot \mathcal {L}$
is a computable linear order iff
$\mathcal {L}$
is a computable linear order, as exactly the finite nonempty order types.
ON CATEGORICITY IN SUCCESSIVE CARDINALS
Authors: VASEY SEBASTIEN
Published: July 2020

We investigate, in ZFC, the behavior of abstract elementary classes (AECs) categorical in many successive small cardinals. We prove for example that a universal
$\mathbb {L}_{\omega _1, \omega }$
sentence categorical on an end segment of cardinals below
$\beth _\omega $
must be categorical also everywhere above
$\beth _\omega $
. This is done without any additional model-theoretic hypotheses (such as amalgamation or arbitrarily large models) and generalizes to the much broader framework of tame AECs with weak amalgamation and coherent sequences.
Isolas of multi-pulse solutions to lattice dynamical systems
Authors: Bramburger Jason J.
Published: July 2020

This work investigates the existence and bifurcation structure of multi-pulse steady-state solutions to bistable lattice dynamical systems. Such solutions are characterized by multiple compact disconnected regions where the solution resembles one of the bistable states and resembles another trivial bistable state outside of these compact sets. It is shown that the bifurcation curves of these multi-pulse solutions lie along closed and bounded curves (isolas), even when single-pulse solutions lie along unbounded curves. These results are applied to a discrete Nagumo differential equation and we show that the hypotheses of this work can be confirmed analytically near the anti-continuum limit. Results are demonstrated with a number of numerical investigations.
INTER-UNIVERSITY ACCELERATOR CENTRE, NEW DELHI (IUACD) RADIOCARBON DATE LIST I
Authors: Sharma Rajveer , Kumar Pankaj , Ojha Sunil , Gargari Satinath , Chopra Sundeep
Published: July 2020

A new facility for radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was established in early 2015 at the Inter-University Accelerator Centre in New Delhi, India. The facility uses a 500 kV National Electrostatic Corporation (NEC) Pelletron accelerator for AMS measurements on graphite produced using the automated graphitization equipment (AGE) interfaced with an elemental analyzer and the carbonate handling system (CHS). A precision of better than 1‰ in the ratio of 14C/12C for the modern carbon sample and the background level of 1 × 10–15 from dead carbon sample has been achieved. This is the first dedicated accelerator of India only for AMS activities. This AMS system has the capabilities to perform 10Be and 26Al measurements as well.
The ‘Colombianisation’ of Central America: Misconceptions, Mischaracterisations and the Military-Agroindustrial Complex
Authors: Ballvé Teo , McSweeney Kendra
Published: July 2020

Observers have increasingly described the drug-related violence and corruption affecting Central America as the region's ‘Colombianisation’. This narrative is not just confused and misleading; it is dangerous. The Colombianisation discourse perpetuates ineffective and destructive anti-drug policies. It also obscures the circulations and connections that make the drug trade, the drug war and their associated economies of violence possible. We do, however, recognise one form of Colombianisation that actuallyisunder way, but it is not the one imagined by security pundits. The real Colombianisation is a convergence of geopolitical and economic interests that have seized upon the geographical realignments of the drug trade to expand the same agroindustrial-military nexus in Central America that proved so ‘successful’ in Colombia.
Decent fault classification of VFD fed induction motor using random forest algorithm
Authors: Panigrahy Parth Sarathi , Santra Deepjyoti , Chattopadhyay Paramita
Published: July 2020

A data-driven approach for multiclass fault diagnosis of drive fed induction motor (IM) using stator current at steady-state condition is a complex pattern classification problem. The applied DWT-IDWT algorithm in this work is reinforced by a novel selection criterion for mother wavelet application and justifies the originality of the work. This investigation has exploited the built-in feature selection process of Random Forest (RF) classifier to resolve the most challenging issues in this area, including bearing and stator fault detection. RF has shown an outstanding performance without application of any feature selection technique because of its distributive feature model. The robustness of the results backed by the experimental verification shows an encouraging future of RF as a classifier in the area of intelligent fault diagnosis of IM.
Fingerprinting of volatile organic compounds for quick assessment of vigour status of seeds
Authors: Umarani R. , Bhaskaran M. , Vanitha C. , Tilak M.
Published: July 2020

Seed is a fertilized mature ovule, which possesses an embryonic plant. When the dry, mature seeds are subjected to imbibition, they release a wide range of organic substances, which include low molecular weight carbonyl compounds (gases and volatiles) and water-soluble organic substances (enzymes and polysaccharides). The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are molecules of low molecular weight (300 g mol−1) and high vapour pressure (0.01 kPa at 20°C) and include diverse chemical compounds. The nature and emission kinetics of volatiles produced from seeds vary, depending on the moisture content of the seeds. Orthodox seeds stored at ‘low seed moisture content’ undergo seed deterioration, predominantly due to lipid peroxidation, initiated by autoxidation or enzymatic oxidation of unsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. This peroxidation leads to emission of volatile compounds. The quantity of VOCs emitted is positively correlated with the advancement of seed deterioration. With respect to the seed germination process, exposure of seeds to ‘high moisture conditions’ leads to increased respiration, triggers glycolysis and mobilization of storage reserves, resulting in the emission of volatile metabolic products. The quantity of VOCs emitted on commencement of metabolic activity in germinating seeds depends on (1) vigour status and (2) amount of storage reserves. Since it has been established that there is a significant difference between high and low vigour seeds with respect to quantity and profile of VOCs emitted, there is great potential for utilizing the VOC profile to obtain a quick and reproducible test of vigour status of crop seeds. In order to harness the VOC profile for quick assessment of vigour status of seeds, research has to be taken up to develop standard protocols for fingerprinting of VOCs for the purpose of seed vigour assessment and to fix the standard volatile biomarker(s) specific to crop and vigour status of seeds.
Paris in the Orient: a spatial micro-history of the French in Shanghai (1942)
Authors: Armand Cécile , Henriot Christian
Published: July 2020

In this article, we rely on a census of French residents in 1942 to conduct a quantitative micro-history of the French community in the wake of the Japanese invasion of Shanghai. On the basis of this snapshot, we examine this group from the perspective of long-term demography combined with a spatial approach drawing on the geospatial resources built over a decade in Shanghai. We argue that the system of power in the French Concession shaped the structural traits of the French population as a self-contained community. It created a politically, culturally and linguistically defined space where French nationals were presented with opportunities and even privileges. It sheds light on the social characteristics of foreign communities in a transcolonial city and on the spatial patterns they created in a non-western urban setting. Methodologically, we harness Geographical Information System tools to bridge demography and spatial history.
Insecurity and Historical Legacies in Welfare Regime Change in Southeast Asia – Insights from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand
Authors: Sumarto Mulyadi
Published: July 2020

Anchored on the global welfare regime literature, this article discusses three key themes: welfare regime change, the drivers of change and the implication of the regime change toward insecurity in Southeast Asia. This article focuses on welfare regimes in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand mainly because these countries experienced high economic growth and were correspondingly affected by the 1997-Asian financial crisis. However, their response to the crisis differed due to their distinctive historical-colonial legacies. The article argues that the regimes shifted from productivist to a more inclusive regime partly as public health programmes reached citizens previously uncovered. However, the timing, pace and direction of welfare reform met social unrest, and fundamentally brought into the fore questions of ‘ontological security’. The article concludes that the three regimes cannot substantiate a shift towards ‘secure’ welfare regimes as they continue to rely heavily on family and community for welfare provision to overcome social risk.
Chemical control of suckers in hazelnut orchards of western Oregon
Authors: de Souza Larissa Larocca , Moretti Marcelo L.
Published: July 2020

Hazelnut naturally grows as a multi-stemmed tree. The basal sprouts, known as suckers, grow throughout the season. Suckers are removed to promote a single trunk that facilitates production mechanization and increased yield. In western Oregon, herbicides are the most common method of sucker control, and at least four applications per season are performed in the spring and summer seasons. This study evaluated the efficacy of foliar-applied herbicides currently registered for sucker control in hazelnuts. Season-long and short-term field studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of herbicides to control hazelnut suckers. In the season-long studies, four consecutive applications of treatments that contained 2,4-D, glufosinate, or paraquat provided 50% to 80% control, maintained sucker height at 50 cm or less as compared to 155 cm for the nontreated control, and reduced sucker biomass by 87% as compared to the nontreated control. The short-term study results confirmed the efficacy of 2,4-D, glufosinate, and paraquat for sucker control, and in this study, carfentrazone and saflufenacil reduced sucker biomass to a level comparable to 2,4-D or glufosinate treatment. These results confirm that 2,4-D, glufosinate, paraquat, carfentrazone, and saflufenacil can be used for sucker control in hazelnut and emphasize the necessity of multiple applications during the growing season to control suckers in hazelnut. Proper herbicide selection is important to control suckers with success.
What Came First, Mud or Biostabilizers? Elucidating Interacting Effects in a Coupled Model of Mud, Saltmarsh, Microphytobenthos, and Estuarine Morphology
Authors: Brückner Muriel Z. M. , Braat Lisanne , Schwarz Christian , Kleinhans Maarten G.
Published: July 2020

Mud accretion and establishment of biostabilizers, such as microphytobenthos and saltmarsh vegetation, govern the development of estuarine morphology. Mud facilitates saltmarsh survival and microphytobenthos growth, which in turn promotes sedimentation and reduces mud erosion. Consequently, an increasing extent and thickness of mud cover might lead to a stabilization of large‐scale estuarine morphology. To disentangle the interactions between saltmarsh establishment, microphytobenthos colonization, and mud layer formation, we use our novel eco‐morphodynamic model applied to the Western Scheldt estuary. Our model shows that presence of dynamic saltmarsh vegetation and microphytobenthos enhances predictions of mud location in the computations compared to field data. Saltmarsh establishment is partly determined by the antecedent mud content in the bed, resulting in varying emerging vegetation coverage between model experiments of a generic saltmarsh and a saltmarsh species that requires prior mud for establishment. In contrast to microphytobenthos enhancing seasonal mud accretion during their growth period, saltmarshes promote largest accretion when lower biomass and high water levels are present. Interestingly, thick long‐term mud is enhanced despite the biostabilizers seasonal growth. The combination of saltmarsh and microphytobenthos leads to expanding saltmarsh cover and mud area. Generally, mud layer thickness is governed by the ratio of hydroperiod and maximum flow velocity that is mediated by the biostabilizers. On estuary scale, the presence of intertidal vegetation leads to increased mud volumes in the intertidal. Mud layers are enhanced in extent by a mud‐dependent species and in thickness by a generic species. Thus, local biostabilization alters large‐scale morphology controlling long‐term estuarine development.
Comparing Methods of Uncertainty Estimation in Optimal Fingerprinting
Authors: Trenary L. , DelSole T. , Tippett M.K.
Published: July 2020

The performances of different uncertainty estimates in multipattern optimal fingerprinting are compared. The comparisons are performed in a perfect model context using the Canadian Earth System Model Large Ensemble to provide a clean comparison in the absence of model error or inconsistencies in internal variability. Performance is quantified in terms of the accuracy (correct coverage) of the confidence intervals for the fingerprint scaling factors. Sensitivity to temporal and spatial smoothing is tested. The most accurate method for interval estimation differs between variables, with a maximum likelihood method being most accurate for temperature and a bootstrap method being most accurate for precipitation. These differences can only partially be explained in terms of a relevant measure of signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Linkage Between the Vertical Evolution of Clouds and Droplet Growth Modes as Seen From FY‐4A AGRI and GPM DPR
Authors: Chen Yilun , Li Weibiao , Chen Shumin , Zhang Aoqi , Fu Yunfei
Published: July 2020

Based on matched scans from the FY‐4A satellite's Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) and the NASA/JAXA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory's Dual‐frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR), the microphysical mechanisms of the derived vertical evolution of cloud effective radius (Re) and its correspondence with precipitation droplet growth modes are revealed in this study. The results show that there were two turning points in the Re vertical evolution, which divided the Re profile into solid‐phase, mixed‐phase, and liquid‐phase zones from top to bottom. There were also two turning points in the upper layer of DPR reflectivity, which showed good correspondence with Re turning points in both height and physical sense. The main droplet growth modes in the three zones are nucleation/glaciation, deposition, and riming, respectively. The linkage between Re vertical evolution and droplet growth modes would be useful in real‐time monitoring of cloud microphysical processes.
Powering the Galilean Satellites with Moon‐Moon Tides
Authors: Hay Hamish C. F. C. , Trinh Antony , Matsuyama Isamu
Published: July 2020

There is compelling evidence for subsurface water oceans among the three outer Galilean satellites and evidence for an internal magma ocean in the innermost moon, Io. Tidal forces from Jupiter periodically deform these bodies, causing heating and deformation that, if measured, can probe their interior structures. In addition to Jupiter‐raised tides, each moon also raises tides on the others. We investigate moon‐moon tides for the first time in the Galilean moons and show that they can cause significant heating through the excitation of high‐frequency resonant tidal waves in their subsurface oceans. The heating occurs both in the crust and ocean and can exceed that of other tidal sources and radiogenic decay if the ocean is inviscid enough. The resulting tidal deformation can be used to constrain subsurface ocean thickness. Our understanding of the thermal‐orbital evolution and habitability of the Jovian system may be fundamentally altered as a result.
Toward Global Stochastic River Flood Modeling
Authors: Wing Oliver E. J. , Quinn Niall , Bates Paul D. , Neal Jeffrey C. , Smith Andrew M. , Sampson Christopher C. , Coxon Gemma , Yamazaki Dai , Sutanudjaja Edwin H. , Alfieri Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

Global flood models integrate flood maps of constant probability in space, ignoring the correlation between sites and thus potentially misestimating the risk posed by extreme events. Stochastic flood models alleviate this issue through the simulation of flood events with a realistic spatial structure, yet their proliferation at large scales has historically been inhibited by data quality and computer availability. In this paper, we show, for the first time, the efficacy of modeled river discharge reanalyses in the characterization of flood spatial dependence in the absence of a dense stream gauge network. While global hydrological models may show poor correspondence with absolute observed river flows, we find that the rate at which they can simulate the joint occurrence of relative flow exceedances at two given locations is broadly similar to when a gauge‐based statistical model is used. Evidenced over the United States, flood events simulated using observed gauge data from the U.S. Geological Survey versus those generated using modeled streamflows have similar (i) distributions of site‐to‐site correlation strength, (ii) relationships between event size and return period, and, importantly, (iii) loss distributions when incorporated into a continental‐scale flood risk model. Extremal dependence is generally quantified less accurately on larger rivers, in arid climates, in mountainous terrain, and for the rarest high‐magnitude events. However, local‐scale errors are shown to broadly cancel each other out when combined, producing an unbiased flood spatial dependence model. These findings suggest that building accurate stochastic flood models worldwide may no longer be a distant aspiration.
Temporal aiming
Authors: Pacheco-Peña Victor , Engheta Nader
Published: July 2020

Deflecting and changing the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves are needed in multiple applications, such as in lens–antenna systems, point-to-point communications and radars. In this realm, metamaterials have been demonstrated to be great candidates for controlling wave propagation and wave–matter interactions by offering manipulation of their electromagnetic properties at will. They have been studied mainly in the frequency domain, but their temporal manipulation has become a topic of great interest during the past few years in the design of spatiotemporally modulated artificial media. In this work, we propose an idea for changing the direction of the energy propagation of electromagnetic waves by using time-dependent metamaterials, the permittivity of which is rapidly changed from isotropic to anisotropic values, an approach that we calltemporal aiming. In so doing, here, we show how the direction of the Poynting vector becomes different from that of the wavenumber. Several scenarios are analytically and numerically evaluated, such as plane waves under oblique incidence and Gaussian beams, demonstrating how proper engineering of the isotropic—anisotropic temporal function of εr(t) can lead to a redirection of waves to different spatial locations in real time.
Recent advances in 2D, 3D and higher-order topological photonics
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Jacob Zubin , Rho Junsuk
Published: July 2020

Over the past decade, topology has emerged as a major branch in broad areas of physics, from atomic lattices to condensed matter. In particular, topology has received significant attention in photonics because light waves can serve as a platform to investigate nontrivial bulk and edge physics with the aid of carefully engineered photonic crystals and metamaterials. Simultaneously, photonics provides enriched physics that arises from spin-1 vectorial electromagnetic fields. Here, we review recent progress in the growing field of topological photonics in three parts. The first part is dedicated to the basics of topological band theory and introduces various two-dimensional topological phases. The second part reviews three-dimensional topological phases and numerous approaches to achieve them in photonics. Last, we present recently emerging fields in topological photonics that have not yet been reviewed. This part includes topological degeneracies in nonzero dimensions, unidirectional Maxwellian spin waves, higher-order photonic topological phases, and stacking of photonic crystals to attain layer pseudospin. In addition to the various approaches for realizing photonic topological phases, we also discuss the interaction between light and topological matter and the efforts towards practical applications of topological photonics.
Implication of 5-HT7 receptor in prefrontal circuit assembly and detrimental emotional effects of SSRIs during development
Authors: Olusakin Jimmy , Moutkine Imane , Dumas Sylvie , Ponimaskin Evgeni , Paizanis Eleni , Soiza-Reilly Mariano , Gaspar Patricia
Published: July 2020

Altered development of prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits can have long-term consequences on adult emotional behavior. Changes in serotonin homeostasis during critical periods produced by genetic or pharmacological inactivation of the serotonin transporter (SERT, or Slc6a4), have been involved in such developmental effects. In mice, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), administered during postnatal development cause exuberant synaptic connectivity of the PFC to brainstem dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) circuits, and increase adult risk for developing anxiety and depressive symptoms. SERT is transiently expressed in the glutamate neurons of the mouse PFC, that project to the DRN. Here, we find that 5-HTR7 is transiently co-expressed with SERT by PFC neurons, and it plays a key role in the maturation of PFC-to-DRN synaptic circuits during early postnatal life. 5-HTR7-KO mice show reduced PFC-to-DRN synaptic density (as measured by array-tomography and VGLUT1/synapsin immunocytochemistry). Conversely, 5-HTR7 over-expression in the developing PFC increased PFC-to-DRN synaptic density. Long-term consequences on depressive-like and anxiogenic behaviors were observed in adults. 5-HTR7 over-expression in the developing PFC, results in depressive-like symptoms in adulthood. Importantly, the long-term depressive-like and anxiogenic effects of SSRIs (postnatal administration of fluoxetine from P2 to P14) were not observed in 5-HTR7-KO mice, and were prevented by co-administration of the selective inhibitor of 5-HTR7, SB269970. This study identifies a new role 5-HTR7 in the postnatal maturation of prefrontal descending circuits. Furthermore, it shows that 5-HTR7 in the PFC is crucially required for the detrimental emotional effects caused by SSRI exposure during early postnatal life.
Neuroethics at the interface of machine learning and schizophrenia
Authors: McFarlane Jacob , Illes Judy
Published: July 2020

Ethical discourse around machine learning analysis of free speech for the detection of schizophrenia has largely focused on consent and personal privacy. We focus here on additional ethics concerns and principles that must be addressed to move the pendulum of risk over to benefit and propose solutions to achieve that shift.
Neural dynamics during the vocalization of ‘uh’ or ‘um’
Authors: Sugiura Ayaka , Alqatan Zahraa , Nakai Yasuo , Kambara Toshimune , Silverstein Brian H. , Asano Eishi
Published: July 2020

People occasionally use filler phrases or pauses, such as “uh”, “um”, or “y’know,” that interrupt the flow of a sentence and fill silent moments between ordinary (non-filler) phrases. It remains unknown which brain networks are engaged during the utterance of fillers. We addressed this question by quantifying event-related cortical high gamma activity at 70–110 Hz. During extraoperative electrocorticography recordings performed as part of the presurgical evaluation, patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy were instructed to overtly explain, in a sentence, ‘what is in the image(subject)’, ‘doing what(verb)’, ‘where(location)’, and ‘when(time)’. Time–frequency analysis revealed that the utterance of fillers, compared to that of ordinary words, was associated with a greater magnitude of high gamma augmentation in association and visual cortex of either hemisphere. Our preliminary results raise the hypothesis that filler utterance would often occur when large-scale networks across the association and visual cortex are engaged in cognitive processing, including lexical retrieval as well as verbal working memory and visual scene scanning.
Weak rTMS-induced electric fields produce neural entrainment in humans
Authors: Zmeykina Elina , Mittner Matthias , Paulus Walter , Turi Zsolt
Published: July 2020

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a potent tool for modulating endogenous oscillations in humans. The current standard method for rTMS defines the stimulation intensity based on the evoked liminal response in the visual or motor system (e.g., resting motor threshold). The key limitation of the current approach is that the magnitude of the resulting electric field remains elusive. A better characterization of the electric field strength induced by a given rTMS protocol is necessary in order to improve the understanding of the neural mechanisms of rTMS. In this study we used a novel approach, in which individualized prospective computational modeling of the induced electric field guided the choice of stimulation intensity. We consistently found that rhythmic rTMS protocols increased neural synchronization in the posterior alpha frequency band when measured simultaneously with scalp electroencephalography. We observed this effect already at electric field strengths of roughly half the lowest conventional field strength, which is 80% of the resting motor threshold. We conclude that rTMS can induce immediate electrophysiological effects at much weaker electric field strengths than previously thought.
Ovary and uterus related adverse events associated with statin use: an analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Jiao Xue-feng , Li Hai-long , Jiao Xue-yan , Guo Yuan-chao , Zhang Chuan , Yang Chun-song , Zeng Li-nan , Bo Zhen-yan , Chen Zhe , Song Hai-bo , Zhang Ling-li
Published: July 2020

Experimental studies have demonstrated statin-induced toxicity for ovary and uterus. However, the safety of statins on the functions of ovary and uterus in real-world clinical settings remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify ovary and uterus related adverse events (AEs) associated with statin use by analyzing data from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). We used OpenVigil 2.1 to query FAERS database. Ovary and uterus related AEs were defined by 383 Preferred Terms, which could be classified into ten aspects. Disproportionality analysis was performed to assess the association between AEs and statin use. Our results suggest that statin use may be associated with a series of ovary and uterus related AEs. These AEs are involved in ovarian cysts and neoplasms, uterine neoplasms, cervix neoplasms, uterine disorders (excl neoplasms), cervix disorders (excl neoplasms), endocrine disorders of gonadal function, menstrual cycle and uterine bleeding disorders, menopause related conditions, and sexual function disorders. Moreover, there are variabilities in the types and signal strengths of ovary and uterus related AEs across individual statins. According to our findings, the potential ovary and uterus related AEs of statins should attract enough attention and be closely monitored in future clinical practice.
Nonlocal chiral symmetry breaking in curvilinear magnetic shells
Authors: Sheka Denis D. , Pylypovskyi Oleksandr V. , Landeros Pedro , Gaididei Yuri , Kákay Attila , Makarov Denys
Published: July 2020

The concept of curvature and chirality in space and time are foundational for the understanding of the organic life and formation of matter in the Universe. Chiral interactions but also curvature effects are tacitly accepted to be local. A prototypical condensed matter example is a local spin-orbit- or curvature-induced Rashba or Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. Here, we introduce a chiral effect, which is essentially nonlocal and resembles itself even in static spin textures living in curvilinear magnetic nanoshells. Its physical origin is the nonlocal magnetostatic interaction. To identify this interaction, we put forth a self-consistent micromagnetic framework of curvilinear magnetism. Understanding of the nonlocal physics of curved magnetic shells requires a curvature-induced geometrical charge, which couples the magnetic sub-system with the curvilinear geometry. The chiral interaction brings about a nonlocal chiral symmetry breaking effect: it introduces handedness in an intrinsically achiral material and enables the design of magnetolectric and ferrotoroidic responses.
Effects of plant oils with different fatty acid composition on cardiovascular risk factors in moderately hypercholesteremic Chinese adults: a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-designed trial
Authors: Chen Chao-Gang , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhe-Qing , Ye Yan-Bin , Zhuo Shu-Yu , Zhou Quan , Chen Yu-Ming , Su Yi-Xiang , Zhang Bo
Published: July 2020

Plant oil for cooking typically provides 40% to 50% of dietary fat, 65% of linoleic acid, 44% of α-linolenic acid and 41% of oleic acid in the Chinese diet.
Active learning effectively identifies a minimal set of maximally informative and asymptotically performant cytotoxic structure–activity patterns in NCI-60 cell lines
Authors: Nakano Takumi , Takeda Shunichi , Brown J.B.
Published: July 2020

Despite increased complexity over biochemical assays and substantial data imbalance, AL automatically identifies subsets of compounds which maximize prediction on external cytotoxic readouts. Systematic queries deduce reasons and perspectives.
Hierarchical CoP@Ni2P core–shell nanosheets for ultrahigh energy density asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Liang , Yan Ming , Sun Lin , Liu Yu , Bai Hongye , Shi Weidong
Published: July 2020

A Ni2P nanosheet-modified ZIF-67-derived hierarchical CoP electrode was successfully fabricated on carbon paper with high electrochemical capacitance.
Organoselenium chemistry-based polymer synthesis
Authors: Li Qilong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Zijun , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Jian , Zhu Xiulin
Published: July 2020

Novel synthesis of selenium containing polymers with pre-determined structures and applications thereof.
Advances in the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of quaternary carbon containing cyclobutanes
Authors: Wen Kai-Ge , Peng Yi-Yuan , Zeng Xing-Ping
Published: July 2020

The advances in the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of quaternary carbon containing cyclobutanes are described.
Determination of association constants and FRET in hydrazide-based molecular duplex strands
Authors: Gao Shi-Chang , Wan Kang , Fang Xu , Li Yong-Xue , Xue Min , Yang Yong
Published: July 2020

The association constants for the hydrazide-based molecular duplex strands can be determined via monitoring the pyrene excimer emission. By mixing pyrene and perylene labelled oligomers, supramolecular substitution reactions induced efficient FRET.
Facile synthesis of SnO2nanoparticle intercalated unzipped multi-walled carbon nanotubesviaan ultrasound-assisted route for symmetric supercapacitor devices
Authors: Krishnaveni Murugesan , Wu Jerry J. , Anandan Sambandam , Ashokkumar Muthupandian
Published: July 2020

SnO2nanoparticle intercalated unzipped multi-walled carbon nanotubesviaan ultrasound-assisted route for symmetric supercapacitor devices.
Attenuating ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat cardiac transplantation by intracoronary infusion with siRNA cocktail solution
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Jin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Duan Wu , Dai Chen , Han Zhenyi , Wang Meixi , Zhang Bo , Wei Lai , Chen Zhishui , Chen Dong
Published: July 2020

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase-8, and complement component 5a receptor (C5aR) are known to play a crucial role in the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in cardiac transplantation. We hypothesized that the intracoronary infusion of TNF-α, caspase-8, and C5aR small interfering RNAs (siRNA) would protect cardiac allograft function and improve graft survival from I/R injury-induced organ failure. I/R injury of cardiac allograft was induced by syngeneic rat cardiac transplantation, in which the transplanted hearts were infused with saline or different amounts of siRNA cocktail solution targeting TNF-α, caspase-8, and C5aR via coronary arteries, and subsequently subjected to 18 h of preservation at 4°C in histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate (HTK) solution. The effects of siRNA cocktail solution on prolonged cold I/R injury were determined by assessing graft survival, histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The perfused siRNA cocktail solution successfully knocked down the expression of TNF-α, caspase-8, and C5aR in vitro and in vivo. Approximately 91.7% of control hearts that underwent 18 h of cold ischemia ceased their function after transplantation; however, 87.5% of cardiac allografts from the highest dose siRNA cocktail solution-pretreated hearts survived >14 days and exhibited minimal histological changes, with minimal cellular infiltration, interstitial edema, and inflammation and maximal reduced MPO activity and MDA concentration in the cardiac allograft. We demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of infusion of TNF-α, caspase-8, and C5aR siRNA via the intracoronary route as a promising strategy for gene silencing against I/R injury in cardiac transplantation.
Endostatin attenuates heart failure via inhibiting reactive oxygen species in myocardial infarction rats
Authors: Xu Xuguang , Jiang Tingbo , Li Yong , Kong Liusha
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether endostatin overexpression could improve cardiac function, hemodynamics, and fibrosis in heart failure (HF) via inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS). The HF models were established by inducing ischemia myocardial infarction (MI) through ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Endostatin level in serum was increased in MI rats. The decrease in cardiac function and hemodynamics in MI rats were enhanced by endostatin overexpression. Endostatin overexpression inhibited the increase in collagen I, collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP9 in the hearts of MI rats. MI-induced cardiac hypertrophy was reduced by endostatin overexpression. The increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anions, the promoted NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) activity, and the reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in MI rats were reversed by endostatin overexpression. Nox4 overexpression inhibited the cardiac protective effects of endostatin. These results demonstrated that endostatin improved cardiac dysfunction and hemodynamics, and attenuated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy via inhibiting oxidative stress in MI-induced HF rats.
Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with increased colorectal cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Guanghai , Xue Mei , Zhao Yongjie , Han Youkui , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Judong , Li Chao , Xu Jing
Published: July 2020

Epidemiological studies have suggested inconclusive associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess these associations. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for eligible studies. Subgroup analyses based on study geographic location, publication year, length of follow-up time, sample size, and stage were conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Dose–response relationships and pooled hazard ratios (HR) for overall and CRC-specific survival comparing the highest versus the lowest categories of circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed. Overall, 17 original studies with a total of 17,770 CRC patients were included. Pooled HR (95% confidence intervals) comparing highest versus lowest categories were 0.64 (0.55–0.72) and 0.65 (0.56–0.73) for overall and CRC-specific survival, respectively. Studies conducted in the U.S.A., with median follow-up time ≥ 8 years, larger sample size, and including stage I-III patients showed a more prominent association between 25(OH)D concentrations and overall survival. The dose–response analysis showed that the risk of all-cause mortality was reduced by 7% (HR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.95), and the risk of CRC-specific mortality was reduced by 12% (HR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93) for each 20 nmol/l increment of 25(OH)D concentration. This meta-analysis provides evidences that a higher 25(OH)D concentration is associated with lower overall mortality and CRC-specific mortality.
Relationship between lncRNA-Ang362 and prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Hui , Gong Huichao , Liu Yingwu , Feng Limin
Published: July 2020

The severity and complexity evaluation of coronary artery disease in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) require objective and accurate prognosis indexes. We assessed the relationship between lncRNA-Ang362 and prognosis of CHD patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Clinical follow-up data of CHD patients were prospectively collected. LncRNA-Ang362 levels were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazard models. Finally, 434 patients were included in the follow-up cohort. The median follow-up time was 24.8 months (6.7–40). The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was 13.6%. The high expression group significantly tended to be smoker and higher body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, creatinine, and uric acid levels compared with the low expression group. According to the SYNTAX grade, the high-risk and medium-risk groups had significantly higher lncRNA expression levels than the low-risk group. The univariate COX regression analysis indicated that high lncRAN-Ang362 expression significantly increased the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in CHD patients after PCI (hazard risk (HR) = 3.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–7.92). Multivariate analysis found high lncRNA-Ang362 expression was independently related to worse prognosis in CHD patients after PCI (HR = 2.83, 95%CI: 1.34–6.02). Plasma lncRNA-Ang362 may be a prognosis factor in CHD patients after PCI. The patients with higher lncRNA-Ang362 expression usually have poor prognosis.
Manualtherapeutische Bestimmung der Anstiege des Bindegewebswiderstands bei Narben und Narbenplatten
Authors: Koller Thomas
Published: July 2020

Bei der Behandlung von großen mechanisch inhomogenen Narbenplatten (z. B. bei schwerstbrandverletzten Patienten) ist eine wundheilungsadaptierte Dosierung von außerordentlicher Bedeutung. Voraussetzung für die Anpassung der Behandlungsdosierung ist das Erkennen der Anstiege des Bindegewebswiderstands, um so eine Überdosierung und eine daraus folgende neue Entzündungsphase zu vermeiden. In dieser Pilotstudie ließen sich die beiden Anstiege des Bindegewebswiderstands signifikant auseinanderhalten.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de las fractura de pared posterior de acetábulo. Resultados a corto y mediano plazo
Authors: Villalón Ignacio E. , Cancino Jaime , Bravo Óscar , Vigueras Cristóbal , Piriz Julio , del Río Javier
Published: July 2020

Objetivo Evaluar los resultados radiológicos a corto y mediano plazo de pacientes operados de fractura de pared posterior de acetábulo, describir la morfología de la fractura, presencia de lesiones asociadas y la necesidad de artroplastia total de cadera (ATC) durante la evolución.

Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo de una serie consecutiva de 40 pacientes operados entre julio de 2012 y julio de 2017 por fractura de pared posterior de acetábulo. Treinta y siete hombres y tres mujeres con una edad promedio de 41 años fueron operados (mediana de seguimiento 17,7 meses). Se registró el mecanismo del accidente y presencia de lesiones asociadas. Se registraron el número de fragmentos que presentaba la fractura, presencia de impactación marginal, compromiso de la cabeza femoral, presencia de fragmentos intra-articulares y complicaciones postoperatorias. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el test de Wilcoxon.

Resultados Todos los casos fueron secundarios a un accidente de alta energía. Un 70% de los pacientes presentó luxación posterior. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó una fractura entre 2 y 5 fragmentos (70%), 47,5% de los pacientes presentó impactación marginal, 37,5% compromiso de la cabeza femoral en zona de carga, 30% fragmentos intra-articulares. La complicación que más frecuente se observó fue la artrosis post-traumática la cual se presentó en un 22,5%. Cinco pacientes (12,5%) requirieron ATC.

Conclusión Aunque se categorizan dentro de los patrones simples, las fracturas de pared posterior son lesiones complejas. La tomografía axial computada preoperatoria es esencial para determinar lesiones intra-articulares dada su alta frecuencia y también permite realizar un buen plan preoperatorio.
Valor diagnóstico de las clasificaciones outerbridge e ICRS para la clasificación artroscópica de lesiones condrales de rodilla
Authors: Tuca María , Pineda Tomás , Oyarce Javier , Etchegaray Felix , Figueroa David
Published: July 2020

Objetivos Determinar el rendimiento de las clasificaciones de Outerbridge (OB) e International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS).

Método Estudio de test diagnóstico, diseño y recolección de datos prospectivo. Siete traumatólogos sub-especialistas observaron un mismo video donde se exponían 30 lesiones condrales bajo visión artroscópica, para luego clasificarlas según OB e ICRS y consignar el tratamiento de elección para cada una de las lesiones, eligiendo entre 6 alternativas: observación, debridamiento mecánico o térmico, microfractura, OATS o terapias biológicas. Tras 7 días, los evaluadores debían repetir el mismo procedimiento.

Resultados La concordancia entre los observadores fue débil para clasificación de ICRS (k 0,25 p < 0,001) y moderada para la clasificación de OB (k 0,45 p < 0,001). La concordancia intra-observador para ICRS oscilaba entre moderada y excelente (k promedio de 0,67), y para la clasificación de OB entre buena y excelente (k promedio 0,83). Ninguna de las dos clasificaciones mostró correlación con la experiencia del cirujano. En la elección de tratamiento, la concordancia entre observadores fue débil (k 0,33 p < 0,001), sin embargo, la concordancia intra-observador fue en todos los casos buena o excelente (k 0,82), mostrando una correlación directamente proporcional a la experiencia del cirujano. La capacidad de discriminación terapéutica, evaluada mediante una regresión logística, mostró un área bajo la curva roc en el rango del no-efecto.

Conclusión Ambas clasificaciones mostraron una baja correlación inter-observador y una elevada concordancia intra-observador. En ambas categorías, Outerbridge fue más concordante que ICRS. En cuanto al tratamiento, ninguna de las dos clasificaciones logra unificar criterios quirúrgicos.

Nivel de evidencia Nivel I (test diagnóstico).
Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect with Infective Endocarditis in a Neonate
Authors: Bharathi Lakshmi V.S.
Published: July 2020

This is the case of a new born baby with complete atrioventricular (AV) canal defect with common atrium and vegetations on the common AV, pulmonary, and aortic valves.
Spreader Graft for Severe Deviation of Nasal Septum with Obstruction of the Internal Nasal Valve: Clinical and Functional Results
Authors: Albergo Leandro , Desio Ernesto , Revelli Velia Elena , Acosta Micaela B.
Published: July 2020

Difficulty in nasal ventilation is one of the most frequently occurring problems in otorhinolaryngology and its correct diagnosis is the key step to solve it. The dysfunctions in the valve area are a frequent cause of chronic nasal obstruction, though commonly ignored. The objective of the study is to analyze the clinical and functional outcomes in a group of patients with septal deviations and valve compromise treated with spreader graft with endonasal approach. Thirty-five patients with septal deviation with compromise of the internal nasal valve (INV; area II of Cottle), treated with spreader graft and a minimum follow-up of 12 months, were included for analysis. Patients were evaluated with video nasosinusal endoscopy, photography, the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire, and rhinomanometry (RM). Postoperative complications were recorded. The results obtained in the pre- and postoperative NOSE scores showed significant differences (p = 0.001), as also in pre- and postoperative RM tests (p < 0.001). Two complications were reported in the 35 patients; thus the complication rate in our sample was 6%. The use of spreader grafts, with endonasal approach, as nasal septum's tutors improved perpendicular septal deviations with compromise of the INV (area II), reaching an effective functional improvement in the nasal airway, with low rate of complications.
Aplicación móvil en el diagnóstico de dolor de hombro para médicos generales
Authors: Marsalli Michael , Sepúlveda Oscar , De La Paz Joaquín
Published: July 2020

Objetivo Evaluar la concordancia diagnóstica durante la evaluación inicial de pacientes con dolor de hombro entre: (1) Traumatólogos especialistas en hombro realizando una evaluación convencional y (2) un médico general utilizando una nueva aplicación móvil.

Materiales y Método Se diseñó una aplicación móvil para asistir a médicos generales a realizar una evaluación del dolor de hombro entregando una hipótesis diagnóstica. Se diseñó un estudio de concordancia diagnóstica. Se evaluó un grupo de 60 pacientes, quienes consultaron por primera vez con un especialista en hombro. Primero, todos fueron evaluados por un médico general utilizando la aplicación. Se registró la hipótesis diagnóstica entregada por la aplicación. Luego, el especialista realizó una evaluación con anamnesis y examen físico, registrando su hipótesis diagnóstica. Se realizó una prueba Kappa para determinar la concordancia entre ambos evaluadores.

Resultados La concordancia global entre los especialistas y la aplicación móvil utilizada por el médico general fue sustancial (k = 0,74; p < 0,001). La concordancia fue casi perfecta para el Pinzamiento subacromial, dolor cervical, lesión acromioclavicular, inestabilidad de hombro, y el pinzamiento interno.

Conclusión La concordancia diagnóstica durante la evaluación inicial de pacientes con dolor de hombro entre traumatólogos especialistas y un médico general utilizando una aplicación móvil fue sustancial.

Nivel de Evidencia Tipo III.