bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between an exact and a heuristic neural mass model with second-order synapses
Authors: Clusella Pau , Köksal-Ersöz Elif , Garcia-Ojalvo Jordi , Ruffini Giulio
Published: December 2022

Neural mass models (NMMs) are designed to reproduce the collective dynamics of neuronal populations. A common framework for NMMs assumes heuristically that the output firing rate of a neural population can be described by a static nonlinear transfer function (NMM1). However, a recent exact mean-field theory for quadratic integrate-and-fire (QIF) neurons challenges this view by showing that the mean firing rate is not a static function of the neuronal state but follows two coupled nonlinear differential equations (NMM2). Here we analyze and compare these two descriptions in the presence of second-order synaptic dynamics. First, we derive the mathematical equivalence between the two models in the infinitely slow synapse limit, i.e., we show that NMM1 is an approximation of NMM2 in this regime. Next, we evaluate the applicability of this limit in the context of realistic physiological parameter values by analyzing the dynamics of models with inhibitory or excitatory synapses. We show that NMM1 fails to reproduce important dynamical features of the exact model, such as the self-sustained oscillations of an inhibitory interneuron QIF network. Furthermore, in the exact model but not in the limit one, stimulation of a pyramidal cell population induces resonant oscillatory activity whose peak frequency and amplitude increase with the self-coupling gain and the external excitatory input. This may play a role in the enhanced response of densely connected networks to weak uniform inputs, such as the electric fields produced by noninvasive brain stimulation.
Prognostic effect of HER2 evolution from primary breast cancer to breast cancer metastases
Authors: Löb Sanja , Linsmeier Eva , Herbert Saskia-Laureen , Schlaiß Tanja , Kiesel Matthias , Wischhusen Jörg , Salmen Jessica , Kranke Peter , Quenzer Anne , Kurz Florian , Weiss Claire , Gerhard-Hartmann Elena , Wöckel Achim , Diessner Joachim
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Therapeutic options for breast cancer (BC) treatment are constantly evolving. The Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2)-low BC entity is a new subgroup, representing about 55% of all BC patients. New antibody–drug conjugates demonstrated promising results for this BC subgroup. Currently, there is limited information about the conversion of HER2 subtypes between primary tumor and recurrent disease.

Methods

This retrospective study included women with BC at the University Medical Centre Wuerzburg from 1998 to 2021. Data were retrieved from patients' records. HER2 evolution from primary diagnosis to the first relapse and the development of secondary metastases was investigated.

Results

In the HR-positive subgroup without HER2 overexpression, HER2-low expression in primary BC was 56.7 vs. 14.6% in the triple-negative subgroup (p < 0.000). In the cohort of the first relapse, HER2-low represented 64.1% of HR-positive vs. 48.2% of the triple-negative cohort (p = 0.03). In patients with secondary metastases, HER2-low was 75.6% vs. 50% in the triple negative subgroup (p = 0.10). The subgroup of HER2-positive breast cancer patients numerically increased in the course of disease; the HER2-negative overall cohort decreased. A loss of HER2 expression from primary BC to the first relapse correlated with a better OS (p = 0.018). No clinicopathological or therapeutic features could be identified as potential risk factors for HER2 conversion.

Conclusion

HER2 expression is rising during the progression of BC disease. In view of upcoming therapeutical options, the re-analysis of newly developed metastasis will become increasingly important.
Whole exome sequencing of 28 families of Danish descent reveals novel candidate genes and pathways in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Dembic Maja , van Brakel Andersen Lars , Larsen Martin Jakob , Mechlenburg Inger , Søballe Kjeld , Hertz Jens Michael
Published: December 2022

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common condition involving instability of the hip with multifactorial etiology. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical as undetected DDH is an important cause of long-term hip complications. Better diagnostics may be achieved through genetic methods, especially for patients with positive family history. Several candidate genes have been reported but the exact molecular etiology of the disease is yet unknown. In the present study, we performed whole exome sequencing of DDH patients from 28 families with at least two affected first-degree relatives. Four genes previously not associated with DDH (METTL21B, DIS3L2, PPP6R2, and TM4SF19) were identified with the same variants shared among affected family members, in more than two families. Among known association genes, we found damaging variants in DACH1, MYH10, NOTCH2, TBX4, EVC2, OTOG, and SHC3. Mutational burden analysis across the families identified 322 candidate genes, and enriched pathways include the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, ion-binding, and detection of mechanical stimulus. Taken altogether, our data suggest a polygenic mode of inheritance for DDH, and we propose that an impaired transduction of the mechanical stimulus is involved in the etiopathological mechanism. Our findings refine our current understanding of candidate causal genes in DDH, and provide a foundation for downstream functional studies.
Biocatalytic potential of Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis leaves peroxidase for efficient degradation of textile dyes in aqueous medium
Authors: Kalsoom Umme , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Aftab Kiran , Amin Faiza , Jesionowski Teofil , Bilal Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Dye-contaminated wastewater discharge from textile and dye manufacturing industries is reported as a world worse water polluter due to the toxic and mutagenic behavior of dyes. Peroxidase, one of the key enzymes of oxidoreductases, is widely distributed in nature and has been currently exploited in industries for various applications. Widespread applications of peroxidases are associated with their nonspecific nature towards a wide spectrum of substrates such as phenols, aromatic amines, pesticides, antibiotics, and synthetic dyes. The present study explored the potential of ammonium sulfate precipitated partially purified Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis leaves peroxidase for degradation of reactive textile dyes Remazol Turquoise Blue 133 G and Drim Red CL4BN. Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH (2–9), temperature (20–70 ℃), enzyme activity (3–24 U/mL), concentrations of H2O2 (0.4–1.4 Mm) and dye (10–100 mg/L) were optimized for enzymatic decolorization of both dyes’ solution. Studies revealed that maximum degradation (95%) of Remazol Turquoise Blue 133 G with peroxidase was achieved with 25 mg/L of initial dye concentration, in the presence of 0.8 mM hydrogen peroxide with 45 min of incubation time, at pH 3, 4, and 5, and 70 °C. Maximal decolorization (97%) of Drim Red CL4BN was obtained at pH 2.0, in 10 min of incubation time at 45 ℃ using o-dianisidine hydrochloride as a redox mediator. In conclusion, the findings illustrate the prospect of Brassica oleracea peroxidase to remediate dye pollutants and dye-based industrial effluents in a green technology theme.

Graphical abstract
An integrated building information modelling-based environmental impact assessment framework
Authors: Ismaeel Walaa S.E. , Lotfy Rodina Abd El-Raouf
Published: December 2022

The application of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies faces many challenges, especially in developing countries. This problem was investigated in the existing literature and via a designed questionnaire among local practitioners. The reasons were mainly attributed to the seclusion of the EIA process across the project’s phases, as well as the complexity of the EIA procedures. Hence, the research argues that Building Information Modelling (BIM) applications can be the key to resolve several associated problems to EIA either directly, or indirectly by streamlining Environmental Management System (EMS). Thus, a keyword-based scientometric analysis was used to define parameters and interrelations and establish network analysis for a proposed BIM-based EIA framework. The proposed framework presents scoring schemes to support three types of assessments: the efficiency of applying BIM techniques for an EIA process (Score A), proper integration of BIM techniques for different EIA steps (Score I) and proper integration of BIM techniques across project phases (Score B). It also shows the interplay of points between the three schemes via a Sankey diagram. The proposed framework was applied to compare three major construction projects in a developing country, the case of Egypt to pinpoint areas of drawbacks. The results pinpointed poor application of advanced BIM models to support sustainability analysis for EIA studies. This is in addition to imbalance of applying BIM applications across different project phases, it was notably less pronounced for the operation and maintenance stage as well as end of life scenarios. Also, poor integration of BIM tools could not support decisions related to the mitigation step. Hence, applying 6-dimensional BIM model shall enable developing mitigation measures and shall support design optimization during building operation and end of life phase. This novel approach presents the required level of verification and quality control procedure needed by decision-makers and environmental engineers to perform EIA studies and pave the way for further related research.

Graphical Abstract
A novel approach based on rough set theory for analyzing information disorder
Authors: Gaeta Angelo , Loia Vincenzo , Lomasto Luigi , Orciuoli Francesco
Published: December 2022

The paper presents and evaluates an approach based on Rough Set Theory, and some variants and extensions of this theory, to analyze phenomena related to Information Disorder. The main concepts and constructs of Rough Set Theory, such as lower and upper approximations of a target set, indiscernibility and neighborhood binary relations, are used to model and reason on groups of social media users and sets of information that circulate in the social media. Information theoretic measures, such as roughness and entropy, are used to evaluate two concepts, Complexity and Milestone, that have been borrowed by system theory and contextualized for Information Disorder. The novelty of the results presented in this paper relates to the adoption of Rough Set Theory constructs and operators in this new and unexplored field of investigation and, specifically, to model key elements of Information Disorder, such as the message and the interpreters, and reason on the evolutionary dynamics of these elements. The added value of using these measures is an increase in the ability to interpret the effects of Information Disorder, due to the circulation of news, as the ratio between the cardinality of lower and upper approximations of a Rough Set, cardinality variations of parts, increase in their fragmentation or cohesion. Such improved interpretative ability can be beneficial to social media analysts and providers. Four algorithms based on Rough Set Theory and some variants or extensions are used to evaluate the results in a case study built with real data used to contrast disinformation for COVID-19. The achieved results allow to understand the superiority of the approaches based on Fuzzy Rough Sets for the interpretation of our phenomenon.
Functional characterization of SLC39 family members ZIP5 and ZIP10 in overexpressing HEK293 cells reveals selective copper transport activity
Authors: Polesel Marcello , Ingles-Prieto Alvaro , Christodoulaki Eirini , Ferrada Evandro , Doucerain Cédric , Altermatt Patrick , Knecht Michelle , Kuhn Michael , Steck Anna-Lena , Wilhelm Maria , Manolova Vania
Published: December 2022

Zinc is the second most prevalent metal element present in living organisms, and control of its concentration is pivotal to physiology. The amount of zinc available to the cell cytoplasm is regulated by the activity of members of the SLC39 family, the ZIP proteins. Selectivity of ZIP transporters has been the focus of earlier studies which provided a biochemical and structural basis for the selectivity for zinc over other metals such as copper, iron, and manganese. However, several previous studies have shown how certain ZIP proteins exhibit higher selectivity for metal elements other than zinc. Sequence similarities suggest an evolutionary basis for the elemental selectivity within the ZIP family. Here, by engineering HEK293 cells to overexpress ZIP proteins, we have studied the selectivity of two phylogenetic clades of ZIP proteins, that is ZIP8/ZIP14 (previously known to be iron and manganese transporters) and ZIP5/ZIP10. By incubating ZIP over-expressing cells in presence of several divalent metals, we found that ZIP5 and ZIP10 are high affinity copper transporters with greater selectivity over other elements, revealing a novel substrate signature for the ZIP5/ZIP10 clade.
The impact of a multimodal professional network on developing social capital and research capacity of faculty at historically black colleges and universities
Authors: Ives Jillian , Drayton Brian , Hobbs Kathryn , Falk Joni
Published: December 2022

This qualitative case study examined how a multimodal professional network environment (STEM for all Video Showcase) affected five STEM educational researchers’ capacity to engage in grant funded research at U.S. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Guided by the social capital and professional network literature as a conceptual framework, we analyzed data from surveys, interviews, and online discussion posts. We aimed to understand HBCU-based researchers’ supports and barriers in writing and/or conducting grant funded research in STEM education, and ways in which the multimodal professional network experience supported their research and professional networking, if at all. We found that organizational structures shaped participants’ social capital as well as their grant funded research activities. Further, participating in a multimodal professional network enabled participants to further develop their research capacity and to also expand their collegial networks. We offer recommendations for institutions to support the research endeavors of their faculty and suggest ways in which organizations using or developing professional multimodal networks can enhance faculty research development.
A case study: temporal trends of environmental stressors and reproductive health of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from a site in the Potomac River Watershed, Maryland, USA
Authors: Walsh Heather L. , Gordon Stephanie E. , Sperry Adam J. , Kashiwagi Michael , Mullican John , Blazer Vicki S.
Published: December 2022

Decades of poor reproductive success and young-of-the-year survival, combined with adult mortality events, have led to a decline in the smallmouth bass (SMB; Micropterus dolomieu) population in sections of the Potomac River. Previous studies have identified numerous biologic and environmental stressors associated with negative effects on SMB health. To better understand the impact of these stressors, this study was conducted at the confluence of Antietam Creek and the Potomac River from 2013 to 2019 to identify temporal changes associated with SMB reproductive health. Surface water samples were collected and analyzed for over 300 organic contaminants, including pesticides, phytoestrogens, pharmaceuticals, hormones and total estrogenicity (E2Eq). Adult SMB were collected and sampled for multiple endpoints, including gene transcripts associated with reproduction (molecular), histopathology (cellular), and organosomatic indices (tissue). In males, biomarkers of estrogenic endocrine disruption, including testicular oocytes (TO) and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) were assessed. Numerous agriculture-related contaminants or land use patterns were associated with gene transcript abundance in both male and female SMB. Positive associations between pesticides in the immediate catchment with TO severity and E2Eq with plasma Vtg in males were identified. In males, the prevalence of TO and detectable levels of plasma Vtg, liver vitellogenin transcripts (vtg) and testis vtg were high throughout the study. Peaks of complex mixtures of numerous contaminants occurred during the spring/early summer when spawning and early development occurs and to a lesser extent in fall/winter during recrudescence. Management practices to reduce exposure during these critical and sensitive periods may enhance reproductive health of these economically important sportfishes.
Integrated Participatory Approach Reveals Perceived Local Availability of Wild Edible Plants in Northwestern Kenya
Authors: Oluoch Wyclife Agumba , Whitney Cory W. , Termote Céline , Borgemeister Christian , Schmitt Christine B.
Published: December 2022

Availability is a crucial aspect of wild edible plants (WEPs) consumption by indigenous communities. Understanding the local perception of this availability helps to determine, which contribution WEPs can make to rural communities. We used an integrated participatory approach to investigate important parameters and themes that influenced the perception of availability of woody WEPs. We demonstrate the approach in three communities in Turkana County, Kenya. By availability, we referred to the ease of accessing, harvesting, transporting, and processing WEPs for consumption. We conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs). We asked FGD participants to list, score, and discuss availability. We used logistic regression and mixed-content analysis to identify important parameters and themes, respectively. The most important WEPs were the toothbrush tree (Salvadora persica L.), Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.), and mbamba ngoma (Balanites rotundifolia (Tiegh.) Blatt.). Distance, seasonality, price, and adequacy of harvested WEPs for household consumption were important parameters. Culture and tradition, distribution of WEPs, seasonality, and climate change emerged as important themes. We showed the importance of using an integrated participatory approach when assessing the perception of WEPs’ availability by local communities and could be used in comparable arid and semi-arid areas with semi-nomadic pastoralists across Africa.
Don’t Look Up! Individual Income Comparisons and Subjective Well-Being of Students in Thailand
Authors: Dufhues Thomas , Möllers Judith , Jantsch Antje , Buchenrieder Gertrud , Camfield Laura
Published: December 2022

Empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that an individual’s position in an income stratum—more than the absolute income level—determines subjective well-being. However, studies on subjective well-being suffer from a critical methodological weakness: they use exogenously defined reference groups. Our study addresses this point by applying an innovative new survey instrument. We ask respondents to identify individual reference persons for income comparisons. We find that these reference persons come from a range of social groups. Interactions between personality traits and the direction of income comparisons lead to different levels of subjective well-being. This highlights the importance of collecting information on personality traits in research on subjective well-being. We conclude that questions about self-defined individual income comparisons can be a valuable and straightforward addition to future surveys.
Generalised Latent Assimilation in Heterogeneous Reduced Spaces with Machine Learning Surrogate Models
Authors: Cheng Sibo , Chen Jianhua , Anastasiou Charitos , Angeli Panagiota , Matar Omar K. , Guo Yi-Ke , Pain Christopher C. , Arcucci Rossella
Published: December 2022

Reduced-order modelling and low-dimensional surrogate models generated using machine learning algorithms have been widely applied in high-dimensional dynamical systems to improve the algorithmic efficiency. In this paper, we develop a system which combines reduced-order surrogate models with a novel data assimilation (DA) technique used to incorporate real-time observations from different physical spaces. We make use of local smooth surrogate functions which link the space of encoded system variables and the one of current observations to perform variational DA with a low computational cost. The new system, named generalised latent assimilation can benefit both the efficiency provided by the reduced-order modelling and the accuracy of data assimilation. A theoretical analysis of the difference between surrogate and original assimilation cost function is also provided in this paper where an upper bound, depending on the size of the local training set, is given. The new approach is tested on a high-dimensional (CFD) application of a two-phase liquid flow with non-linear observation operators that current Latent Assimilation methods can not handle. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed assimilation approach can significantly improve the reconstruction and prediction accuracy of the deep learning surrogate model which is nearly 1000 times faster than the CFD simulation.
Elementary Belief Revision Operators
Authors: Chandler Jake , Booth Richard
Published: December 2022

Discussions of the issue of iterated belief revision are commonly accompanied by the presentation of three “concrete” operators: natural, restrained and lexicographic. This raises a natural question: What is so distinctive about these three particular methods? Indeed, the common axiomatic ground for work on iterated revision, the AGM and Darwiche-Pearl postulates, leaves open a whole range of alternative proposals. In this paper, we show that it is satisfaction of an additional principle of “Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives”, inspired by the literature on Social Choice, that unites and sets apart our three “elementary” revision operators. A parallel treatment of iterated belief contraction is also given, yielding a family of elementary contraction operators that includes, besides the well-known “conservative” and “moderate” operators, a new contraction operator that is related to restrained revision.
Bayesian A-optimal two-phase designs with a single blocking factor in each phase
Authors: Vo-Thanh Nha , Piepho Hans-Peter
Published: December 2022

Two-phase experiments are widely used in many areas of science (e.g., agriculture, industrial engineering, food processing, etc.). For example, consider a two-phase experiment in plant breeding. Often, the first phase of this experiment is run in a field involving several blocks. The samples obtained from the first phase are then analyzed in several machines (or days, etc.) in a laboratory in the second phase. There might be field-block-to-field-block and machine-to-machine (or day-to-day, etc.) variation. Thus, it is practical to consider these sources of variation as blocking factors. Clearly, there are two possible strategies to analyze this kind of two-phase experiment, i.e., blocks are treated as fixed or random. While there are a few studies regarding fixed block effects, there are still a limited number of studies with random block effects and when information of block effects is uncertain. Hence, it is beneficial to consider a Bayesian approach to design for such an experiment, which is the main goal of this work. In this paper, we construct a design for a two-phase experiment that has a single treatment factor, a single blocking factor in each phase, and a response that can only be observed in the second phase.
Timescale standard to discriminate between hyperbolic and exponential discounting and construction of a nonadditive discounting model
Authors: Matsushita Yutaka
Published: December 2022

Under the presupposition that human time perception is distorted in intertemporal choice, this study constructs a time scale in the framework of axiomatic measurement. First, the conditions (homogeneity of degree one or two) to identify the form of a time scale are proposed so that one can determine whether the hyperbolic or exponential is a more suitable function for modeling people’s discounting. Homogeneity of degree one implies that subjective time delay is measured by a power scale and its discount function becomes a power-exponential type, whereas homogeneity of degree two implies that subjective time delay is measured by a log scale and its discount function becomes a hyperbolic type. Second, a method is shown for constructing a model that can reflect subadditive and superadditive discounting. A non-commutative and non-associative concatenation operation is provided to generate a time string consisting of subdivided durations that incorporates the effect of repeated delay with a subdivided duration. The discounting model is yielded by substituting these strings in an exponential model equipped with a generalized time scale, and the determination of subadditivity or superadditivity depends on whether the discount function value of a product by the non-commutative and non-associative operation is, respectively, smaller or greater than that of a product by an operation of the usual extensive structure.
Simulation and Evaluation of Water Resources Management Scenarios Under Climate Change for Adaptive Management of Coastal Agricultural Watersheds
Authors: Lyra Aikaterini , Loukas Athanasios
Published: December 2022

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of climate change on water resources management and groundwater quantity and quality in the coastal agricultural Almyros Basin, in Greece. Intensive groundwater abstractions for irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for crop production maximization, have caused a large water deficit, nitrate pollution, as well as seawater intrusion in the Almyros aquifer system. Multi-model climate projections for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5) from the Med-CORDEX database for precipitation and temperature have been used to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the study area. The multi-model climate projections have been bias-corrected with Delta, Delta change of Mean and Variance, Quantile Delta Change, Quantile Empirical Mapping, and Quantile Gamma Mapping methods, and statistically tested to find the best GCM/RCM multi-model ensemble. Simulation of coastal water resources has been performed using an Integrated Modelling System (IMS) that contains connected models of surface hydrology (UTHBAL), groundwater hydrology (MODFLOW), nitrate leaching/crop growth (REPIC), nitrate pollution (MT3DMS), and seawater intrusion (SEAWAT). The results indicate that the best climate multi-model ensemble consists of three (3) climate models for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 using the Quantile Empirical Mapping bias-correction method. The IMS was applied for historical and future periods with observed and simulated meteorological inputs (e.g. precipitation and temperature) and various irrigation and agronomic scenarios and water storage works development (i.e. reservoirs). The results indicate that at least deficit irrigation and deficit irrigation along with rain-fed cultivation schemes, combined with or without the development and operation of reservoirs, should be applied to overcome the degradation of groundwater quality and quantity in the study basin. Based on the findings of this work, the water resources management should be adaptive to tackle the water resources problems of the Almyros Basin.
A Study on the Bending of Laminated Glass Under Blast Loading
Authors: Samieian M.A. , Cormie D. , Smith D. , Wholey W. , Blackman B.R.K. , Dear J.P. , Hooper P.A.
Published: December 2022

Background

The bending behaviour of laminated glass plays an important role in determining its overall response to blast loading. It is costly and difficult to characterise the bending behaviour by carrying out full-scale blast tests, therefore an alternative method is required.

Objective

The objective of this study is to understand the response of laminated glass under high-rate bending in the laboratory at rates representative of blast loading.

Methods

In this paper a novel testing method is presented in which laminated glass strips of 700 mm long by 60 mm wide are tested up to speeds of 10 m/s in the laboratory. The laminated glass is accelerated to speeds comparable to blast loading and then brought to rest at its edges to mimic impulsive blast loading conditions. Different interlayer thickness, impact speeds, and boundary conditions were explored. Additionally, modelling methods were used to study the flexural rigidity of post-cracked laminated glass.

Results

From the experiments it was found that the interlayer thickness plays a key role in determining whether the dominant failure mechanism is de-bonding of interlayer from the glass or interlayer tearing. In addition, it was found that by allowing the frame to bend under loading, the laminated glass can carry greater loads without failure. Finally, an iterative method was used to quantify the flexural rigidity of post-cracked laminated glass depending on the speed of travel. This is a novel finding as it is usually assumed that laminated glass behaves like a membrane in the post-cracked phase of the response.

Conclusion

In modelling and design of laminated glass structures under blast loading, post-crack flexural rigidity must be taken into account. Additionally, having novel frame designs to add further load bearing capacity to the framing members, plays a key role in reducing the load intensity on the laminated glass structure.
Status quo der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung in Inklusionsbetrieben. Potenziale und Herausforderungen für die Zukunft
Authors: Efimov Ilona , Kordsmeyer Ann-Christin , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund

Inklusionsbetriebe beschäftigen nach §§ 215–218 SGB IX 30–50 % Menschen mit Behinderungen auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt und sind seit dem 01.01.2018 verpflichtet, Maßnahmen zur betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) anzubieten.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der Artikel soll eine Übersicht zum aktuellen Stand der Forschung zur BGF in Inklusionsbetrieben bieten und Potenziale für die Praxis ableiten.

Material und Methoden

Mithilfe einer explorativen Literaturrecherche werden bisher verfügbare Erkenntnisse zur Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation von Menschen mit Behinderungen und Leitungskräften aus Inklusionsbetrieben sowie die Umsetzung, Herausforderungen und Bedarfe im Bereich der BGF zusammengefasst. Aus den Erkenntnissen werden Forschungslücken identifiziert und praktische Implikationen abgeleitet.

Ergebnisse

Die Übersichtsarbeit zeigt auf, dass Inklusionsbetriebe für Beschäftigte mit Behinderungen eine Vielzahl an Ressourcen bereitstellen, um den Arbeitsanforderungen am ersten Arbeitsmarkt zu begegnen. Leitungskräfte hingegen erleben die Bewältigung von sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Anforderungen im Inklusionsbetrieb als Arbeitsanforderung ihrer Tätigkeit. Bisherige Forschungsergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Netzwerkbildung von kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen das Potenzial bietet, BGF in Inklusionsbetrieben zu fördern.

Schlussfolgerung

Der Artikel elaboriert die Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation von Beschäftigten und Leitungskräften in Inklusionsbetrieben sowie den Status quo von BGF-Maßnahmen in Inklusionsbetrieben. Der aktuelle Stand der Forschung verdeutlicht, dass noch ein großer Bedarf zur Implementierung und Evaluation von BGF-Maßnahmen in Inklusionsbetrieben besteht. Identifizierte Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung von BGF in Inklusionsbetrieben sollten in der Praxis entsprechend adressiert werden.
Bergson, Pan(en)theism, and ‘Being-in-Life’
Authors: Leung King-Ho
Published: December 2022

Recent philosophy has witnessed a renewed interest in the works and ideas of Henri Bergson (1859–1941). But while contemporary scholarship has sought to rehabilitate Bergson’s insights on time, memory, consciousness, and human freedom, comparatively little attention has been paid to Bergson’s relationship to pantheism. By revisiting the ‘pantheism’ controversy surrounding Bergsonian philosophy during Bergson’s lifetime, this article argues that the panentheistic notion of ‘being-in-God’ can serve as an illuminating framework for the interpretation of Bergson’s philosophy. By examining the ‘pantheist’ readings of Bergson and comparing and contrasting Bergson’s philosophy of life with Spinoza’s panentheistic metaphysics, this paper shows that an account of ‘being-in-Life’ is key to Bergson’s metaphysical outlook as well as his account of philosophy as a practice of ‘intuitive’ thinking. In so doing, this paper highlights some of the implicit religious motifs not only in Bergson’s metaphysical outlook but also in his conception of the task of philosophy.
Fractionation of executive functions in adolescents from Iran: invariance across age and socioeconomic status
Authors: Segura Isis Angelica , Panjeh Sareh , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Nouri Ali , Miranda Monica Carolina , Esmaeili Fattaneh , Seyedi Heliya , Pompéia Sabine
Published: December 2022

Executive functions (EFs) are cognitive skills that regulate thoughts and behavior. The seminal EF unity and diversity theoretical framework proposes the existence of three correlated EF latent domains (inhibition, updating, and switching) that become distinguishable from a certain moment during adolescence, but it is unclear how age and socioeconomic status (SES) affect these abilities. Here, we assessed 407 9-15-year-old Iranians of variable SES using an open-access battery of executive function tests that includes two tasks of each EF domain and allows for sociocultural adaptations regarding language and stimuli. Various EF model configurations proposed in the literature were tested (one, two and three EF latent factor, nested and bifactor-S-1 models) using confirmatory factor analyses. In addition, to explore the unbiased effects of age and SES, we performed invariance testing (across age and SES) using multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model to the best fitting model solution. The three-correlated EF factor model had the best fit and was mostly invariant across age and SES, with all three EF latent traits improving with age, while SES exerted only minimal positive effects on shifting and updating. We concluded that the three separable EF domains, found in adults and adolescents of other ages from different populations, can already be detected from the beginning of adolescence when culturally and psychometrically appropriate EF tasks are used. Additionally, these abilities continue to improve with age and are little affected by SES, suggesting that the unity and diversity framework is useful to study the cross-country generality of EF development.
Stages of Concern: Vorerfahrungen, Interessen und Einstellungen von Lehrkräften in Bezug auf Lehr-Lernplattform-gestütztem Unterricht in den Naturwissenschaften
Authors: Stürmer-Steinmann Tatjana K. , Fischer Julian A. , Scholz Rüdiger , Kerres Michael , Neumann Knut , Weßnigk Susanne
Published: December 2022

Die pandemiebedingten Maßnahmen haben den Wert der Digitalisierung im Bildungssektor deutlich gemacht. Digitale Unterrichtseinheiten auf Lehr-Lernplattformen können dazu einen entscheidenden Beitrag leisten. In der hier vorgelegten Studie werden Daten aus dem Sommer 2019 zu der affektiv-kognitiven Auseinandersetzung von naturwissenschaftlichen Lehrkräften mit digitalen Unterrichtseinheiten auf Lehr-Lernplattformen sowie deren Nutzung und Fortbildungswünsche neu analysiert (N = 83). Die Erhebung der affektiv-kognitiven Auseinandersetzung erfolgte mit dem standardisierten Instrument Stages of Concern (SoC). Mithilfe einer Clusteranalyse werden drei spezifische SoC-Profile in Bezug auf den Einsatz digitaler Unterrichtseinheiten auf einer Lehr-Lernplattform identifiziert. Dabei wird deutlich, dass allen Profilen die Beschäftigung mit der Auswirkung auf den Unterricht und auf die Schülerinnen und Schüler gemein ist. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass der Einsatz von Lehr-Lernplattformen vor der Pandemie eher traditionell geprägt war (Subgruppe, N = 44 für Lehrkräfte mit Zugang in der Schule zu einer Lehr-Lernplattform). Zusammenhangsanalysen zeigen des Weiteren, dass zwischen der Nutzungsart und den SoC-Profilen kein Zusammenhang festzustellen ist, ein solcher aber zwischen der Nutzungshäufigkeit und den SoC-Profilen besteht
Hessenberg–Sobolev Matrices and Favard Type Theorem
Authors: Pijeira-Cabrera Héctor , Decalo-Salgado Laura , Pérez-Yzquierdo Ignacio
Published: December 2022

We study the relation between certain non-degenerate lower Hessenberg infinite matrices $${\mathcal {G}}$$
G
and the existence of sequences of orthogonal polynomials with respect to Sobolev inner products. In other words, we extend the well-known Favard theorem for Sobolev orthogonality. We characterize the structure of the matrix $${\mathcal {G}}$$
G
and the associated matrix of formal moments $${\mathcal {M}}_{{\mathcal {G}}}$$

M
G

in terms of certain matrix operators.
Use of a mHealth Mobile Application to Reduce Stress in Adults with Autism: a Pre-Post Pilot Study of the Stress Autism Mate (SAM)
Authors: Hoeberichts Kirsten , Roke Yvette , Niks Irene , van Harten Peter N.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Adults with autism often need support to detect their stress and to apply adequate coping strategies for dealing with daily stress. The personalized mobile application Stress Autism Mate (SAM) is developed for and by adults with autism to detect and cope with daily life stress. SAM measures stress four times daily, generates an overview of the patients’ stress level and gives personalized advice to reduce stress.

Methods

With a pre-to post-treatment design, the level of perceived stress, coping self-efficacy and self-rated quality of life (QoL) was assessed at baseline (pre-test), after the four-week intervention (post-test) and after eight-week follow-up. Data was analysed using multilevel analysis taking within subject variance into account.

Results

At post-test measurement, there was a significant decrease in perceived stress. At post-test as well as follow-up, a significant improvement in coping self-efficacy and improvement in self-rated QoL was seen.

Conclusions

The results of this pilot study suggest that the personalized mHealth tool SAM can support adults with autism in detecting stress, improving their stress coping skills and improving their self-rated quality of life. In practice, SAM can be seen as an external stress monitor that can easily be integrated in the lives of adults with autism, to detect and cope with stress.
Microstructure-related properties of explosively welded multi-layer Ti/Al composites after rolling and annealing
Authors: Solecka Monika , Mróz Sebastian , Petrzak Paweł , Mania Izabela , Szota Piotr , Stefanik Andrzej , Garstka Tomasz , Paul Henryk
Published: December 2022

The processes of rolling and annealing of explosively welded multi-layered plates significantly affect the functional properties of the composite. In current research, fifteen-layered composite plates were fabricated using a single-shot explosive welding technique. The composites were then rolled up to 72% to reduce layer thickness, followed by annealing at 625 °C for varying times up to 100 h. Microstructure evolution and chemical composition changes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the composite were evaluated by tensile testing, while the strengths of individual layers near the interface were evaluated by micro-hardness measurements. After explosive welding, the wavy interfaces were always formed between the top layers of the composite and the wave parameters decreasing as the bottom layers approach. Due to the rolling process, the thickness of Ti and Al layers decreases, and the waviness of top interfaces disappeared. Simultaneously, the necking and fracture of some Ti layers were observed. During annealing, the thickness of layers with chemical composition corresponding to the Al3Ti phase increased with annealing time. A study of growth kinetic shows that growth is controlled by chemical reaction and diffusion. The results of micro-hardness tests showed that after annealing, a fourfold increase of hardness can be observed in the reaction layers in relation to the Ti, while in relation to Al, the increase of hardness is even 15 times greater.
Turbulence drag modulation by dispersed droplets in Taylor–Couette flow: the effects of the dispersed phase viscosity
Authors: Wang Cheng , Yi Lei , Jiang Linfeng , Sun Chao
Published: December 2022

The dispersed phase in turbulence can vary from almost inviscid fluid to highly viscous fluid. By changing the viscosity of the dispersed droplet phase, we experimentally investigate how the deformability of dispersed droplets affects the global transport quantity of the turbulent emulsion. Different kinds of silicone oil are employed to result in the viscosity ratio,

$\zeta$

, ranging from

$0.53$

to

$8.02$

. The droplet volume fraction,

$\phi$

, is varied from 0 % to 10 % with a spacing of 2 %. The global transport quantity, quantified by the normalized friction coefficient

$c_{f,\phi }/c_{f,\phi =0}$

, shows a weak dependence on the turbulent intensity due to the vanishing finite-size effect of the droplets. The interesting fact is that, with increasing

$\zeta$

,

$c_{f,\phi }/c_{f,\phi =0}$

first increases and then saturates to a plateau value which is similar to that of the rigid particle suspension. By performing image analysis, this drag modification is interpreted from the point of view of droplet deformability, which is responsible for the breakup and coalescence effect of the droplets. The statistics of the droplet size distribution show that, with increasing

$\zeta$

, the stabilizing effect induced by interfacial tension becomes substantial and the pure inertial breakup process becomes dominant. The measurement of the droplet distribution along the radial direction of the system shows a bulk-clustering effect, which can be attributed to the non-negligible coalescence effect of the droplet. It is found that the droplet coalescence effect could be suppressed as

$\zeta$

increases, thereby affecting the contribution of interfacial tension to the total stress, and accounting for the observed emulsion rheology.
Spontaneous suppression of inverse energy cascade in instability-driven 2-D turbulence
Authors: van Kan Adrian , Favier Benjamin , Julien Keith , Knobloch Edgar
Published: December 2022

Instabilities of fluid flows often generate turbulence. Using extensive direct numerical simulations, we study two-dimensional turbulence driven by a wavenumber-localised instability superposed on stochastic forcing, in contrast to previous studies of state-independent forcing. As the contribution of the instability forcing, measured by a parameter

$\gamma$

, increases, the system undergoes two transitions. For

$\gamma$

below a first threshold, a regular large-scale vortex condensate forms. Above this threshold, shielded vortices (SVs) emerge within the condensate. At a second, larger value of

$\gamma$

, the condensate breaks down, and a gas of weakly interacting vortices with broken symmetry spontaneously emerges, characterised by preponderance of vortices of one sign only and suppressed inverse energy cascade. The latter transition is shown to depend on the damping mechanism. The number density of SVs in the broken symmetry state slowly increases via a random nucleation process. Bistability is observed between the condensate and mixed SV-condensate states. Our findings provide new evidence for a strong dependence of two-dimensional turbulence phenomenology on the forcing.
Swimming in potential flow
Authors: Glisman Alec , Brady John F.
Published: December 2022

The well-known self-propulsion, or swimming, of a deformable body in Stokes flow (i.e. at low Reynolds number) can be understood and modelled from the variation in the configuration-dependent hydrodynamic resistance tensor throughout the period of deformation. Remarkably, at the other extreme of high Reynolds number, a deformable body may also self-propel without doing any net work on the fluid in potential flow. As a body deforms, the mass of fluid displaced – the so-called added mass – depends on the instantaneous body configuration, and a net displacement is possible over a period of deformation. This potential swimming takes a form identical to that for Stokes swimmers with the configuration-dependent added mass replacing the hydrodynamic resistance tensor. Analytical insight into the swimming of a deformable body is obtained through an expansion of the nonlinear spatial dependence of the hydrodynamic interactions and connections between previous studies of swimming in Stokes flow to those in potential flow are made.
On Separation of Powers and Obfuscation in US Supreme Court Opinions
Authors: Lempert Daniel
Published: December 2022

A longstanding debate in American judicial politics concerns whether the US Supreme Court anticipates or responds to the possibility that Congress will override its decisions. A recent theory proposes that opinions that are relatively hard to read are more costly for Congress to review, and that as a result, the Court can decrease the likelihood of override from a hostile Congress by obfuscating its opinions (i.e., writing opinions that are less readable when congressional review is a threat). I derive a straightforward but novel empirical implication of this theory; I then show that the implication does not in fact hold. This casts serious doubt on the claim that justices strategically obfuscate opinion language to avoid congressional override. I also discuss sentence tokenization as a source of measurement error in readability statistics for judicial opinions.
Left, right, or both? Long-run returns from Bordeaux
Authors: Tolhurst Tor N.
Published: December 2022

As the market for fine-wine investing matures, basic questions of portfolio strategy remain unexplored. I evaluate how adding fine wine from the superstar châteaux of Bordeaux's Right Bank might complement the traditional focus on the five first-growths of Bordeaux's Left Bank. Fundamentals for the Right Bank's superstars are attractive: they produce roughly an order of magnitude less, face different production conditions, and receive equally impressive critical reviews. However, they receive far less attention than their Left Bank counterparts. To examine returns over the long run, I hand-collected 10,885 prices for eight wines from an archive of 391 Sherry-Lehmann catalogs, a New York City retailer, which began at the end of Prohibition. Using these historical price records, I compare the real returns from investing in the five Premier Cru to a portfolio that adds three superstar châteaux from the Right Bank: Ausone, Cheval Blanc, and Petrus. I find the geometric-average annual return was 6.78% in real terms from 1938 to 2017 for the joint portfolio, less than 0.01% different, but with better risk-reward as measured by the Sharpe ratio. Additionally, I find the life cycle of aging is substantially different across the two Banks, which could provide further diversification benefits for the strategic investor.