bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality policy in the veterinary diagnostic laboratory; the paradigm of application of Good Laboratory Practice
Authors: ATHANASIOU (Λ.Β. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ) L. V.
Published: February 2018

A quality system such as the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory is concerned with the organizational Nprocess and the conditions under which laboratory work is planned, performed, monitored, recorded, archived and reported. The key persons for applying a quality system are the Management (provides resources), the Director (overall responsibility for the technical conduct of analyses Nand for the interpretation, analysis and reporting of results) and the Quality Assurance Person (inspects operational phases and audits documents for the purpose of assuring management that the facilities, equipment, personnel, methods, practices, records and controls are in conformance not only with applicable rules and regulations but also with Standard Operating Procedures and Laboratory Protocols). Furthermore, the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that govern all aspects of daily activities at the laboratory are an essential foundation for the production of reliable data as they, by definition, describe how to perform certain routine laboratory tests or activities. The standardization of methods used for a series of critical phases, such as storage and processing of samples is required in order to eliminate systematic errors and to improve the precision, specificity and long-range stability of laboratory performance.The correct identification of all samples needs to be systematically checked. For the validation of methods used, particularly in the absence of chemical standards it is helpful to employ inter- and mainly intra laboratory controls. Finally, the disposal of chemical substances and thesafety of the personnel are also of vital interest. All these principles are applicable to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in order to promote the quality and validity of the data with ultimate goal the contribution to a reliable diagnosis.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Authors: POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ.Σ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) Z. S.
Published: February 2018

The significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has been compared to that of complete blood counts for systemic diseases. CSF changes generally follow specific patterns depending on the etiopathogenesis (inflammatory, metabolic, neoplastic) of neurological diseases, thus indicating which further diagnostic modalities should be applied. CSF collection requires operator skills and knowledge of sampling indications and contraindications. Analysis  includes physical examination (colour, clarity, viscosity), cytological and biochemical analysis, microbiological and immunologic testing. Despite its limitations, CSF analysis is a useful diagnostic tool, in particular when results are interpreted in combination with historical information, clinical examination and the findings of clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging testing.
Axial pattern skin flaps in cats: 8 cases (2000-2015)
Authors: GAVRIILIDOU (Ο. ΓΑΒΡΙΗΛΙΔΟΥ) O. , PAPAZOGLOU (Λ.Γ. ΠΑΠΑΖΟΓΛΟΥ) L. G. , KOUKI (Μ. ΚΟΥΚΗ) M. , STRANTZIA (Ε. ΣΤΡΑΝΤΖΙΑ) E. , GIANNOULI (Μ. ΓΙΑΝΝΟΥΛΗ) M. , MENTZIKOF (Λ. ΜΕΝΤΖΙΚΩΦ) L. , PINOPOULOS (Σ. ΠΙΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) S.
Published: February 2018

Eight female cats of various breeds and median age of 4.5 years, with cutaneous defects in the limbs and trunk which were managed with axial pattern flaps, are described. Skin defects were caused by trauma or tumor excision. The defects were located in the medial aspect of the thigh in 2 cats, the lateral aspect of the thigh in 2, the left axilla in 2, the sternal and inguinal area in 2 and the dorsolateral abdomen and lumbar region in 1 cat. Totally 9 flaps were used including caudal superficial epigastric flap (4), thoracodorsal flap alone (1) or combined with omentalization (1), elbow fold flap and flank fold flap (2). All flaps survived and small dehiscences were found in 2 cats. All cats were healthy after a median follow up time of 13 months. The use of axial pattern flaps is a very effective method for the coverage of large skin defects in cats.
Paraoxonase activities and oxidative status during late pregnancy and postpartum period in dairy cattle with and without retained fetal membrane
Authors: DURAK M. , YOKUS B. , ERCAN N.
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total peroxidation (TPX), oxidative stress index (OSI) and their associations with Retained fetal membrane (RFM) in late pregnancy and postpartum period. Possible relationships have been investigated between these markers and other relevant blood parameters also. Totally 266 pregnant cows were included in this study. Samples were taken in during late pregnancy and postpartum periods. The cows were divided into two groups after giving birth as RFM and Non-Retained fetal membrane (NRFM). The TAC, TPX and OSI values were not different in RFM compared to NRFM in both periods. The PON1 activities of RFM group in both periods were lower than those of the NRFM, however; these variations were not statistically significant. PON1 activities was statistically higher in the late pregnancy both RFM and NRFM groups than postpartum. This observation point out oxidative stress could not relate to pathogenesis of RFM. The PON1 activity was increased physiologically in pregnant cows, and more information is needed to determine whether PON1 may be used to identify cows at high risk of developing RFM. Decreasing serum urea/creatinine ratio, globulin and total protein concentration and increasing albumin/globulin ratio might be a parameter to contributing use in diagnosis of RFM.
Two case studies of 129/Sv testicular teratoma
Authors: SISKOS NIKISTRATOS , LELOVAS PAVLOS , STASINOPOULOU MARIANNA , KOSTOMITSOPOULOS NIKOLAOS
Published: February 2018

Testicular teratoma is classified among testicular germ cells tumors. While its incidence is relatively low among animals, in 129/Sv mice is presented in relatively high prevalence. It has been revealed that murine teratoma arises from genetically altered germ cells that undergo malignant transformation during embryogenesis. A point mutation on the 129/Sv genome has been incriminated for failing to regulate normal pathways in germ cell development leading in high teratocarcinogenic risk. For a neoplasm to be characterized as teratoma, derivatives from at least two germ cell layers have to be detected. In the present study, two cases exhibiting all three layers (mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm) are presented while the tissues observed were of epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural origin. Findings include an almost fully shaped large intestine, a structure closely resembling the heart (blood, endocardium, myocardium) and endochondral ossification.
Microbiological investigation of honey collected from Şırnak province of Turkey
Authors: ERKAN M. E. , VURAL A. , GURAN H. S. , DURMUSOGLU H.
Published: February 2018

In this study, 50 randomly selected honey samples purchased from different retail markets in Şırnak, Turkey, were investigated for microbiological quality and probable public health risks. The honey samples were tested for the presence and enumeration of vegetative and spore forms of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total mesophilic anaerobic bacteria, sulfite reducing anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus according to standard techniques. C. botulinum, C. perfringens and sulfite reducing anaerobic bacteria spores were not detected in the analyzed honey samples. The contamination rate of vegetative form of B. cereus, sulfite reducing anaerobic bacteria, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and total mesophilic anaerobic bacteria were found to be 4%, 4%, 86% and 44%, respectively. The spore form of B. cereus, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and total mesophilic anaerobic bacteria contamination rate were detected as 2%, 84% and 42%, respectively. It is concluded that, during the production, storage, and sales, honey samples may be contaminated with some microorganisms from different sources, causing important public health risks.
Mycoplasma synoviae and Reovirus: (re)emerging infectious diseases in broiler Breeders
Authors: MOREIRA F. A. , CARDOSO L. , COELHO A. C.
Published: February 2018

Broiler breeders are one of the most important components of the poultry industry. This type of birds is susceptible to several agents that interfere with the immune system and predispose to infection. If transmission of pathogens to progeny is considered, their economic impact will be amplified in the broiler farms, compromising the entire production results. Construction of multi-age farms poses a significant epidemiological risk. In fact, these farms have grown in size and density, and an ideal environment has been created for agents such as Mycoplasma synoviae and Reovirus to thrive. A general review of the scientific literature concerning M. synoviae and Reovirus in broiler breeders is presented on their epidemiology, economic importance, pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs, diagnosis, control, treatment and prevention.
Immune and other factors modulating host resistance against gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep
Authors: ARSENOPOULOS K. , SYMEONIDOU I. , PAPADOPOULOS E.
Published: February 2018

Infection of small ruminants with gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites is a significant problem with crucial impact on meat and milk production. The strategy of administrating anthelminthic drugs has been implemented for many years and has resulted in the development of resistant strains of parasites. Meanwhile, consumers demand for free of drugs products have led to the adoption of alternative control methods, which involve the selective breeding of animals, which are resistant to parasitism. The development of immunity and therefore, resistance against gastrointestinal parasites is based on the activation of specific host genes. Gene analysis has revealed areas (QTLs), which affect resistance or susceptibility of sheep to gastrointestinal infestations between animals of different breeds and between individuals of the same breed. The role of cytokines and T helper cells has been enhanced as research, strongly, supports the connection of Th2 cells with resistance and Th1 cells with susceptibility against GIN. Latest data implicates T regulatory cells and a specific cell type, Th17, in immune response mechanisms. Specific adhesion molecules (integrins, lectins, cadherins) are produced in the gut lumen in sufficient amounts and appear to boost immunity and reduce clinical signs in sheep. Additionally, the immunoglobulins IgA and IgE have been positively correlated with increased resistance against GIN. In several cases of GIN, where an increased number of eosinophils and mast cells in the intestinal epithelium have been recorded, the animals had a reduced number of parasite eggs in their feces. The genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex have been referred to as potential resistance or susceptibility markers. Other enzymes, like chitinases, enhance the resilience of animals and protect them effectively. Animal’s nutritional status is another determinant factor of immune capability against GIN in sheep, both systemic, as well as locally. Regarding the effect of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, some researchers support their direct effect against GIN, resulting in a natural reduction of their number, while others claim the indirect action in the intestinal epithelium by reducing local immunity. Consequently, the detection of genes associated with resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal infestations is promising and in line with modern requirements.
Evaluation of serum cardiac biomarkers in sheep with acute lactic acidosis
Authors: FARTASHVAND M. , HAJI-SADEGHI Y.
Published: February 2018

In this study we investigated the changes of cardiac injury biomarkers in serum samples from 200 sheep with acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA) and 50 healthy controls belonging to the Ghezel breed. After clinical examination and recording of vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and hydration status), rumen fluid and venous blood samples were collected. The pH of rumen fluid was determined using a paper tape pH-meter and lactic acid concentration of serum was measured using a commercially available method. Similarly, activities of AST, LDH, CK-MB and serum concentration of cTnI were measured using special commercial kits. According to the findings serum activities of AST (p = 0.007) and CK-MB (p = 0.002) in sheep with ARLA were significantly higher than in healthy animals. Serum LDH activity in the disease group was higher than in the control group, however this difference was statistically non-significant. cTnI concentration were 0.684 ± 0.03 ng/ml in sheep with ARLA, which was significantly higher than in healthy sheep (p = 0.000). There were significant negative correlations between ruminal pH and serum lactate levels, heart rate, respiratory rate and dehydration degree. The sheep with the lowest ruminal pH (3 cases with < 4.5) had the highest levels of cTnI (2.28 to 3.06 ng/mL), and all died. It can be concluded that lactic acidosis may cause some degree of heart damage, although further studies are needed to support this speculation.
Canine Diabetic Ketosis-Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases (1997-2013)
Authors: KASABALIS (Δ. ΚΑΣΑΜΠΑΛΗΣ) D. , CHOUZOURIS (Τ.Π. ΧΟΥΖΟΥΡΗΣ) T. P. , TIMIOU (Δ.Τ. ΤΙΜΙΟΥ) D. T. , TSELEKIS (Δ.Π. ΤΣΕΛΕΚΗΣ) D. P. , SOUBASIS (Ν. ΣΟΥΜΠΑΣΗΣ) N. , PETANIDES (Θ.Α. ΠΕΤΑΝΙΔΗΣ) T. A. , SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ.Ν. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ) M. N. , MYLONAKIS (Μ.Ε. ΜΥΛΩΝΑΚΗΣ) M. E.
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the historical and clinical findings, the clinicopathological abnormalities, the occurrence and nature of concurrent diseases, the treatment and outcome of 23 dogs with diabetic ketosisketoacidosis (DK-DKA). Inclusion criteria consisted of the presence of clinical signs suggestive of diabetes mellitus (DM) along with persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. In nineteen dogs (83%) DM had not been previously diagnosed. Common presenting complaints were polyuria/polydipsia (100%), partial or complete loss of appetite (87%), depression (87%), vomiting (65 %) and weight loss (30 %). The most frequent physical examination findings included dehydration (61%), depression (61%), hypotrichosis-alopecia (39%), palpable cranial abdominal organomegaly (26%), pendulous abdomen (26%), lesions compatible with superficial pyoderma (17%), thin and hypotonic abdominal skin (17%), and hypothermia (17%). The most important clinicopathological abnormalities, apart from hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and ketonuria, included anemia (48%), leukocytosis (39%), increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (100%), lipase (56%) and alanine aminotransferase (52%), hypertriglyceridemia (90%) and hypercholesterolemia (84%). Also, 12 dogs demonstrated hypokalemia on admission or during hospitalization. A concurrent disease was identified in 74% of the cases while 26% had two or more comorbidities. The latter included pancreatitis (30%), urinary tract infections (17%), superficial pyoderma (17%), urolithiasis (13%) and hyperadrenocorticism (13%). Twenty two dogs were treated with short-acting insulin (regular or lispro) and one with intermediate-acting (lente) insulin, whereas intravenous fluid therapy was instituted in 78% of them with potassium and phosphorus supplementation in 65% and 9%, respectively. Seventeen (81%) dogs survived to be discharged, three (13%) died during hospitalization, one (4%) was euthanized and on two (9%) occasions owners declined hospitalization after the first 24 hours due to financial constrains or a poor prognosis. Mean duration of hospitalization for the survivors was 5.7 ± 2.4 days, mean time to resolution of ketonuria was 4.2 ± 1.9 days and median time of rapid–acting insulin administration was 4 days (range 2-8 days).
The influence of rodenticides in dissemination of endoparasites of dogs and cats
Authors: LEFKADITIS M.
Published: February 2018

Mice and other rodents are well known to play an important role in the biological cycle of many parasites of pets. Among the endoparasites identified in Greece which could be transmitted to dogs and/or cats from colloquially rodents are Spirocerca lupi, Ascaridae namely Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina in dogs and Ancylostoma caninum, A.braziliense, Trichinella spiralis, Echinococcus granulosus, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp and Leihsmania spp, while cats can be infested by Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma tubaeformae, A.braziliense, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Taenia taeniaformis, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp and Leihsmania spp. The route of infection of pet includes in many cases ingestion of parasite infested rodents. A number of these parasites are also of great Public Health importance because they are causing zoonotic diseases. Because of the large numbers of rodents in some areas and their role in transmitting diseases in man and animals, rodenticide programs are performed by individuals or state agencies. Rodenticides are chemical and non-chemical compound which are used to eliminate rodents. However, attention should be paid on their use and manufacturer’s instructions should be strictly followed because of the risk of accidental poisoning of pets and children. It can be conclude that prudent rodent control is essential in the prevention of parasite infection of pets and the transmission of zoonotic parasite to humans.
Surgical management of screw tail and tail fold pyoderma in dogs
Authors: VASIADOU C. , PAPAZOGLOU L. G.
Published: February 2018

Screw tail is an abnormal deviation of the terminal coccygeal vertebrae resulting in tail fold pyoderma. This condition is commonly met in brachycephalic breeds, especially English bulldogs. Tail fold pyoderma, the end result of skin maceration and bacterial colonization, may create pain and discomfort in these dogs. Local antibacterial combined with systemic antibiotic therapy are aiming at decreasing the number of surface bacteria of the skin and alleviate clinical signs before surgery. Complete caudectomy will lead in permanent resolution of clinical signs with minimal complications.
Results of challenge of goats with Staphylococcus aureus into the teat of the udder
Authors: TZORA A. , VOIDAROU C. , KARAMOUTSIOS A. , SKOUFOS J.
Published: February 2018

Objective of the present study was to study the outcome of inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus into the teat duct of female goats, which simulates mammary natural infections. In total, 22 lactating goats were used in the study; 8 animals were challenged with a S. aureus strain at a depth of 2 mm into one teat duct (group A), 8 animals were challenged with the same strain at 6 mm into one teat duct (group B) and 6 animals were challenged directly into one gland cistern (group C). Challenge dose was always 1300 cfu. Animals were examined clinically before and after challenge; milk samples were collected for bacteriological and cytological examination, and milk yield measurements were also performed. Goats in group A or B developed a significantly milder response than animals in group C. It is concluded that the evidence indicates a protective role of the normal teat of the udder of goats and that the results also underline the significance of maintaining healthy teats for prevention of mastitis in dairy herds.
First detection of the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytridium dendrobatidis) in free- living anuran populations in Greece
Authors: AZMANIS P. N. , STRACHINIS I. , LYMBERAKIS P. , MARSCHANG R. E.
Published: February 2018

The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is a widespread, cosmopolitan pathogen largely affecting free-living amphibian populations. So far there are no published studies for the presence of B. dendrobatidis in Greece. In this preliminary study we sampled 59 metamorphosed anurans from four Greek wetlands. Five samples were positive for the fungus by real-time PCR. B. dendrobatidis was detected in three species (Bufo viridis, Pelophylax epeiroticus, Pelophylax ridibundus) but not in endangered endemic Karpathos water frogs (Pelophylax cerigensis). This is the first report of the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in free-living anuran populations from Greece.
Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter spp. in raw “souvlaki” marketed in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece)
Authors: SOULTOS (Ν. ΣΟΥΛΤΟΣ) N. , IOSSIFIDOU (Ε. ΙΩΣΗΦΙΔΟΥ) E. , PSOMAS (Ε. ΨΩΜΑΣ) E. , TZIKAS (Ζ. ΤΖΗΚΑΣ) Z. , LAZOU (Θ. ΛΑΖΟΥ) T.
Published: February 2018

Souvlaki is a popular Greek meat product consisting of small chunks or cubes of pork threaded on a small wooden or metal skewer. In the present study, 105 samples of raw pork souvlaki obtained from retail shops in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) were screened for the incidence of Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents; serotyping of the isolates was also performed. Of the samples tested, 1.9% were positive for Salmonella and yielded 3 serovars (S. SaintPaul, S. Fyris and S. Typhimurium); 31.4% proved positive for Listeria spp. with 6.7% yielding L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to molecular serogroups 2 (serotypes 1/2c and 3c) and 4 ( serotypes 4b, 4d, and 4e). Campylobacter spp. were not detected in any of the samples tested. The antimicrobial susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents of 11 Salmonella strains and 7 L. monocytogenes strains was also determined by disc diffusion method. Salmonella spp. were susceptible to a panel of 12 antibiotics but displayed intermediate resistance to tetracycline. L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone, partly resistant to clindamycin and cefotaxime, but sensitive to all antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human listeriosis. Our findings indicate that souvlaki could be a potential vehicle of food borne infections due to strains of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in the case of inadequate thermal processing. In addition, good hygienic practices must be applied to avoid cross-contamination during preparation or handling of the product.
Bilateral rotation flaps for the closure of a wound at the tail base of a cat
Authors: SELTZA (T. ΣΕΛΤΣΑ) J. , RABIDI (Σ. ΡΑΜΠΙΔΗ) S. , ELEKIDOU (Ε. ΕΛΕΚΙΔΟΥ) E. , DIDANGELOU (Χ. ΔΙΔΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ) C. , PAPAZOGLOU (Λ.Γ. ΠΑΠΑΖΟΓΛΟΥ) L. G.
Published: February 2018

A 2, 5 - year-old DSH female spayed cat was presented with a history of a tail base wound resulted from an abscess inflicted in a cat fight. The wound was managed initially as an open wound for 3 days and was covered with a bilateral rotation flap. One year after surgery the cat was reported to be in good health and the wound healed uneventfully.
Laboratory investigation of adult small ruminant Leptospirosis, a neglected infection in Greece: problems and recommendations
Authors: BISIAS (Α.Γ. ΜΠΙΣΙΑΣ) A. G. , KRITAS (Κ.Σ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ) C. S. , BILLINIS (Χ. ΜΠΙΛΛΙΝΗΣ) C. H. , BURRIEL R. A.
Published: February 2018

Leptospirosis is in Greece a neglected infection. Small ruminants and specifically sheep are accidental hosts of Leptospira spp, but they could also be disseminators of pathogenic serovars. Thus, the objective was to investigate leptospirosis of adult small ruminants coming from areas in Southern Greece, where accidental evidence had showed that leptospirosis could be an important infection for man and animals. For this purpose, blood and kidney samples were collected at slaughter from adult females. Collected samples were examined with a commercial serological screening kit, the microagglutination test ( MAT), histology and PCR. One hundred ten serum and 110 tissue samples were collected. Of the examined serum samples 55 (50%) were suspect for leptospirosis in the screening kit and 28 (25.45%) were MAT positive. Of the tissue samples 38 (34.5%) were PCR positive and 30 (27.2%) showed various degrees of microscopic kidney lesions. The serovars identified by the MAT were Tarassovi (10 animals), Autumnalis (8 animals), Zanoni (4 animals), Hebdomadis and Javanica (2 each), Bratislava and Hardjio prajitno (one each). The conclusion is that small ruminants and specifically sheep (98 animals) are disseminators of pathogenic Leptospira spp. serovars in areas where they predominate and climatic factors favor the survival of the pathogen.
Human metapneumovirus - what we know now
Authors: Shafagati Nazly , Williams John
Published: February 2018

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection, particularly in children, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. HMPV, which is closely related to avian metapneumovirus subtype C, has circulated for at least 65 years, and nearly every child will be infected with HMPV by the age of 5. However, immunity is incomplete, and re-infections occur throughout adult life. Symptoms are similar to those of other respiratory viral infections, ranging from mild (cough, rhinorrhea, and fever) to more severe (bronchiolitis and pneumonia). The preferred method for diagnosis is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as HMPV is difficult to culture. Although there have been many advances made in the past 16 years since its discovery, there are still no US Food and Drug Administration-approved antivirals or vaccines available to treat HMPV. Both small animal and non-human primate models have been established for the study of HMPV. This review will focus on the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical manifestations in humans as well as the animal models of HMPV pathogenesis and host immune response.
НОВЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ОЦЕНКУ КАЧЕСТВА ЕСТЕСТВЕННОНАУЧНОЙ И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТОВ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ СРЕДНЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Kamaleeva Alsu Raufovna , Gruzkova Svetlana Yur’evna , Shigapova Natal’ya Vyacheslavovna
Published: February 2018

В статье анализируется проблема отбора новых адаптированных обучающих технологий и методов оценивания интегративных качеств студентов в рамках требований новых образовательных стандартов среднего профессионального образования. Рассматривается точка зрения отечественных и зарубежных ученых на понимание термина «педагогическая технология». Отмечаются методологические требования к педагогическим технологиям. Приводится структура технологии обучения. Описываются этапы освоения педагогической технологии и уровни оценки ее эффективности без использования и при использовании информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Подробно рассматриваются: методика формирования универсальных учебных действий, которая применяется для оценки результата учебной деятельности у первокурсников, а также в старших классах общеобразовательной школы; сквозная технология, которая ориентирует на оценку степени сформированности у студентов общих и профессиональных компетенций, в форме числовых характеристик, начиная со второго и последующих курсах обучения в СПО; метод пролонгированного оценивания с помощью балльно-рейтинговой системы, позволяющий пошагово отслеживать у обучающихся уровень знаний, умений, сформированности того или иного практического опыта, готовности и способности выполнять ту или иную деятельность на протяжении всего периода изучения соответствующей учебной дисциплины; методика расчета абсолютной успеваемости, а также показателя полного усвоения учебного материала.Цель – анализ методов и педагогических технологий, позволяющих получить более объективную количественную оценку результатов обучения и успеваемости студентов.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовался теоретический анализ методов и технологий применяемых для оценивания результатов обучения студентов.Результаты: Описано применение педагогических технологий и методов определения числовых характеристик интегративных качеств студентов с учетом специфики учебного курса.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты будут полезны педагогам дисциплин естественнонаучного и профессионального цикла в системе среднего профессионального образования.
Missing data may lead to changes in hip fracture database studies
Authors: Basques B. A. , McLynn R. P. , Lukasiewicz A. M. , Samuel A. M. , Bohl D. D. , Grauer J. N.
Published: February 2018

Aims

The aims of this study were to characterize the frequency of missing data in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database and to determine how missing data can influence the results of studies dealing with elderly patients with a fracture of the hip.

Patients and Methods

Patients who underwent surgery for a fracture of the hip between 2005 and 2013 were identified from the NSQIP database and the percentage of missing data was noted for demographics, comorbidities and laboratory values. These variables were tested for association with ‘any adverse event’ using multivariate regressions based on common ways of handling missing data.

Results

A total of 26 066 patients were identified. The rate of missing data was up to 77.9% for many variables. Multivariate regressions comparing three methods of handling missing data found different risk factors for postoperative adverse events. Only seven of 35 identified risk factors (20%) were common to all three analyses.

Conclusion

Missing data is an important issue in national database studies that researchers must consider when evaluating such investigations. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:226–32.
The impact of external fixation on mortality in patients with an unstable pelvic ring fracture
Authors: Ohmori T. , Kitamura T. , Nishida T. , Matsumoto T. , Tokioka T.
Published: February 2018

Aim

There is not adequate evidence to establish whether external fixation (EF) of pelvic fractures leads to a reduced mortality. We used the Japan Trauma Data Bank database to identify isolated unstable pelvic ring fractures to exclude the possibility of blood loss from other injuries, and analyzed the effectiveness of EF on mortality in this group of patients.

Patients and Methods

This was a registry-based comparison of 1163 patients who had been treated for an isolated unstable pelvic ring fracture with (386 patients) or without (777 patients) EF. An isolated pelvic ring fracture was defined by an Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) for other injuries of < 3. An unstable pelvic ring fracture was defined as having an AIS ≥ 4. The primary outcome of this study was mortality. A subgroup analysis was carried out for patients who required blood transfusion within 24 hours of arrival in the Emergency Department and those who had massive blood loss (AIS code: 852610.5). Propensity-score matching was used to identify a cohort like the EF and non-EF groups.

Results

With the use of propensity-score matching using the completed data, 346 patients were matched. When the propensity-score matching was adjusted, EF was associated with a significantly lower risk of death (p = 0.047). In the subgroup analysis of patients who needed blood transfusion within 24 hours and those who had massive blood loss, EF was associated with a significantly lower risk of death in patients who needed blood transfusion within 24 hours (p = 0.014) and in those with massive blood loss (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

The use of EF to treat unstable pelvic ring fractures was associated with a significantly lower risk of death, especially in patients with severe fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:233–41.
Three groups of dissatisfied patients exist after total knee arthroplasty: early, persistent, and late
Authors: Clement N. D. , Bardgett M. , Weir D. , Holland J. , Gerrand C. , Deehan D. J.
Published: February 2018

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to assess whether patient satisfaction one year after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) changed with longer follow-up. The secondary aims were to identify predictors of satisfaction at one year, persistence of patient dissatisfaction, and late onset dissatisfaction in patients that were originally satisfied at one year.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective cohort consisting of 1369 patients undergoing a primary TKA for osteoarthritis that had not undergone revision were identified from an established arthroplasty database. Patient demographics, comorbidities, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, and Short Form 12 (SF-12) questionnaire scores were collected preoperatively, and one and five years postoperatively. In addition, patient satisfaction was assessed at one and five years postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of satisfaction at one and five years.

Results

The overall rate of satisfaction did not change from one (91.7%, n = 1255) to five (90.1%, n = 1234) years (p = 0.16). Approximately half (n = 53/114) of the patients who were dissatisfied at one year became satisfied with their TKA at five years, whereas 6% (n = 74/1255) of those who were satisfied at one year became dissatisfied at five years. At one year, patients with lung disease (p = 0.04), with depression (p = 0.001), with back pain (p <  0.001), undergoing unilateral TKA (p = 0.001), or with a worse preoperative WOMAC pain score (p = 0.04) were more likely to be dissatisfied. Patients with gastric ulceration (p = 0.04) and a worse WOMAC stiffness score (p = 0.047) were at increased risk of persistent dissatisfaction at five years. In contrast, a worse WOMAC pain score (p = 0.01) at one year was a predictor of dissatisfaction in previously satisfied patients at five years.

Conclusion

Three groups of dissatisfied patients exist after TKA: ‘early’ dissatisfaction at one year, ‘persistent’ dissatisfaction with longer follow-up, and ‘late’ dissatisfaction developing in previously satisfied patients at one year. All three groups have different independent predictors of satisfaction, and potentially addressing risk factors specific to these groups may improve patient outcome and their satisfaction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:161–9.
Editorial
Authors: Iucci Cecilia
Published: February 2018

Editorial
Reforma universitaria y extensión, marcas en el pensamiento universitario de José Luis Romero
Authors: Escudero Eduardo
Published: February 2018

Reforma universitaria; Extensión; Pensamiento universitario; José Luis Romero
Extensión universitaria e innovación social: reflexiones en torno a los vínculos entre la universidad y los actores sociales
Authors: Beltramino Tamara , Theiler Julieta
Published: February 2018

Innovación social; Extensión universitaria; Espacios microsociales
Desarrollo de la extensión en las universidades estatales costarricenses. Influencias, modelos y desafíos actuales
Authors: Chaves Bolaños Sandra , Campos Catherine Lara , Villalobos Araya Adriana
Published: February 2018

Extensión; Universidad sociedad; Transformación social; Modelos de extensión
La integralidad en la Universidad de la República: un análisis de los dispositivos implementados en el Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte
Authors: Bandera Gonzalo , Benelli Leticia , Morales Selene , Piedracueva Maximiliano
Published: February 2018

Integralidad; Instituciones; Dispositivos
La planificación estratégica de la extensión universitaria. Los desafíos de construir indicadores para la intervención
Authors: Bentolila Lía Cecilia
Published: February 2018

Extensión; Evaluación; Indicadores; Construcción social
Prácticas Sociocomunitarias de estudiantes de Geografía con organizaciones sociales de Sierras Chicas, Córdoba
Authors: Ensabella Beatriz , Chiavassa Sergio
Published: February 2018

Organizaciones sociales; Conflictos ambientales; Territorio; Práctica Sociocomunitaria
El reformismo entre dos siglos. Historia de la UNL
Authors: Suárez Fernando Manuel
Published: February 2018

Esta obra que se inscribe dentro de uno de los subgéneros más tradicionales de la disciplina histórica: la historia institucional. Sin embargo, desde un principio, las autoras logran escapar a los corsés de este tipo de historiografía, sin por ello quitar del centro a su objeto de estudio: la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Por lo tanto, el trabajo muestra los rasgos propios de una obra conmemorativa institucional, pero esto no va en desmedro de un abordaje profundo, atento a la complejidad de los procesos analizados y sólidamente documentado. El libro se divide en tres extensos capítulos que recorren los diferentes subperíodos de la historia institucional de la UNL y un anexo final referido a cada una de las facultades que conforman dicha casa de estudios.
Integración docencia y extensión 2. Otra forma de enseñar y de aprender
Authors: Boruchalski Valeria
Published: February 2018

Integración docencia y extensión 2 propone continuar el camino iniciado por el primer libro y visibilizar, en esta oportunidad, las experiencias que articulan extensión y docencia en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL). El foco está puesto en el desarrollo de las Prácticas de Extensión de Educación Experiencial (PEEE) en tanto dispositivo de intervención y transformación social.Nueve artículos dan forma al ejemplar en cuya trama se ponen de manifiesto diferentes miradas a través de las voces de los protagonistas. Los tres primeros textos que lo componen se encuentran, además, en el número 6 de la Revista de Extensión Universitaria +E, editada por la misma Universidad. Con la intención de resignificar las formas de enseñar y aprender, la obra recupera los relatos de quienes participan, se involucran y les dan sentido a las prácticas de extensión.
Notes from the Editors, February 2018
Authors: The Editors -
Published: February 2018

buy this issueA recent article by the economist Riccardo Bellofiore includes a significant treatment of Paul Sweezy's dynamic theory of monopoly capital. But the essay's most noteworthy contributions, in our view, relate to Harry Magdoff and Sweezy's role in the 1970s and '80s in developing a theory of financialization, and what their analysis can tell us about our current situation.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Patriarchies East and West
Authors: Whitehead Judith
Published: February 2018

Sara Farris's In the Name of Women's Rights is a brave monograph that analyzes the way that the discourses of Europe's right-wing nationalists, government agencies, and liberal feminists converge in their representations of Muslim and non-western immigrant women, relegating these communities to commodified spheres of social reproductive work.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Infinite Towers of Galois Defect Extensions of Kaplansky Fields
Authors: Blaszczok Anna
Published: February 2018

We give conditions for Kaplansky fields to admit infinite towers of Galois defect extensions of prime degree. As proofs of the presented facts are constructive, this provides examples of constructions of infinite towers of Galois defect extensions of prime degree. We also give a constructive proof of the fact that a henselian Kaplansky field cannot be defectless-by-finite.
Refinements of the Hermite–Hadamard Inequality in NPC Global Spaces
Authors: Conde Cristian
Published: February 2018

In this paper we establish different refinements and applications of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality for convex functions in the context of NPC global spaces.
Multi Ping-Pong and an Entropy Estimate in Groups
Authors: Tarchała Katarzyna , Walczak Paweł
Published: February 2018

We provide an entropy estimate from below for a finitely generated group of transformation of a compact metric space which contains a ping-pong game with several players located anywhere in the group.
Improved Milk Glutamine Level and Growth Performance of Suckling Piglets by Glutamine Supplementation in Maternal Diet
Authors: Yang X.F. , Qin J.F. , Wang L. , Gao K.G. , Zheng C.T. , Huang L. , Jiang Z.Y.
Published: February 2018

Glutamine plays an important role in neonatal growth and health. It is unknown whether supplementing the lactating sows’ diet with glutamine will benefit the growth performance and intestinal development of suckling piglets through increasing content of milk glutamine. A total of 24 lactating sows (Large White) were fed diets supplemented with/without 1% glutamine throughout the 21-d lactation. Feed intake of the sows was recorded, blood and milk samples were collected. Piglets were weighed at birth and weaning, one piglet randomly selected from each litter was sacrificed for morphological analysis of the small intestine. Average daily feed intake of the sows did not differ between control and glutamine groups. Concentrations of total protein and urea nitrogen in sows’ serum was increased by glutamine at d 14 of lactation (P<0.05). Contents of glutamine in both plasma and milk of sows were significantly increased by glutamine supplementation throughout lactation (P<0.01). Concentrations of proline, citrulline, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and arginine in sows’ plasma were increased by glutamine supplementation (all P<0.05). Milk yield was increased by glutamine supplementation at d 14 and 21 of lactation (P<0.05). Supplementing the lactating sows’ diet with glutamine increased average daily gain (P=0.006), weaning weight (P=0.032), as well as villous height and ratio of villous height:crypt depth in duodenum of the suckling piglets (both P<0.05). Collectively, supplementing lactating sows’ diet with 1% glutamine significantly improved the growth performance of suckling piglets through elevating milk yield and glutamine content in the milk.
The Association Between Novel Polymorphisms of Gremlin Genes and Egg-Laying Performance Traits in Chinese Village Dagu Hens
Authors: Tyasi Thobela Louis , Qin Ning , Liu Dehui , Niu Xiaotian , Zhu Hongyan , Xu Rifu
Published: February 2018

Gremlin (GREM1, GREM2) genes are the known bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) inhibitors, but their genetic diversity in animal species remains unknown. The current study was conducted to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chicken GREM1 and GREM2 genes, and their association with egg production traits using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. The results discovered novel SNPs and, among these variations, C/T transition at position 436 in exon 1 of the GREM1 gene leads to synonymous substitution of amino acids, and T/C transition at position 690 in the coding region of the GREM2 gene leads to a non-synonymous substitution of amino acids (valine acid 114-to-alanine acid). Association analysis established that at the age of 43, 57 and 66 wks, hen-house egg production (HHEP) was more highly significantly associated (P<0.05) with the AA genotype in the GREM1 gene. In the GREM2 gene, the TC genotype was remarkably linked with higher HHEP at the age of 30, 57 and 66 wks. Our results provide evidence that the GREM1 and GREM2 genes have potential effects on HHEP in chickens. SNPs determined in this work may be utilised as favourable potential DNA markers for improving of egg-laying performance traits.
Self-Directed Later Life Learning: Individual and Social Contexts
Authors: Salomėja Šatienė
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the study was to investigate how self-directed later life learning is utilized and interpreted by older adults in their particular environments. The following questions were raised: What are the opportunities for older adults’ engagement in self-directed learning in their environments? How older adults realize their self-directed learning in response to the opportunities provided by their environments? Thematic analysis was used as research method to analyse participants’ experiences and meanings they attribute to self-directed learning in their actual environments. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 older adults engaged in their self-directed learning pursuits. The findings from the study showed that older adults’ engagement in generativity-based activities, interest-based activities and social networks are contexts of self-directed learning in later life; these contexts support older adults’ self-directed learning by providing learning impetus, opportunities and resources; realization of self-directed learning is influenced by ageing-related changes and individual circumstances of older adults.
From Military Leaders to Administrative Experts: The Biography of the “Treacherous Minister” Temüder and his Ancestors
Authors: Cho Wonhee
Published: February 2018

Temüder (d. 1322) was an influential Mongol official of the Yuan dynasty in the early fourteenth century. The compilers of the Yuanshi listed him as one of the six “treacherous ministers,” and it is easy to simply dismiss him accordingly. However, a closer examination of the life of Temüder himself and his ancestors reveals how the Mongol elites adapted and changed throughout time, and specifically how the earlier generation of military leaders transformed into administrative experts in civil administration and fiscal reform. Based on his biography in the Yuanshi, supplemented with a few scattered records from literary collections of Han-Chinese contemporaries and Persian-language sources, this article reconstructs the lives of Temüder, his ancestors, and his sons. In addition to balancing Temüder’s overwhelmingly negative image, this article ultimately shows how the ruling outsiders – here, the Mongol elites exemplified by the case of Temüder – also gained new expertise to further consolidate their rule over China, and provides a more complex and nuanced perspective for understanding the mid- to late-Yuan period.
‘Han’ Cultural Mobility under Mongol Rule: Biographies of the Jia 賈 Family
Authors: Humble Geoffrey
Published: February 2018

There are several intriguing aspects to the Yuanshi biography of Jia Shira (d. c.1268). Two substantial Chinese inscriptions run in parallel with the text, allowing an unusual level of comparison between sources and thus insight into the Yuanshi compilers’ editorial priorities. The primary subject, though referred to as a Hanren (and therefore allowed to leave Qaraqorum’s northern climate), is exclusively identified by the Mongolian nickname Shira (‘golden/yellow’), due to the colour of his facial hair. All of Shira’s descendants, while being ‘Han’ and remembered in formal Chinese inscriptions, are recorded under Turco-Mongol names, and the texts highlight generosity in famine relief to people in the Mongol heartland alongside more typical tropes of concern for a ‘Chinese’ populace. The selective deployment of cultural elements thus differs from other biographical narratives in a number of key aspects. While none of its subjects are of great fame, the texts draw together key themes in Yuan historiography, linking events and personalities through a Mongol century from Shira’s introduction to Sorqaqtani Beki in 1224, via cooking for Qubilai and managing expenses for Ayurbarwada, to the 1323 execution and subsequent rehabilitation of Shira’s great-grandson Tügen Buqa.
International capital mobility and structural transformation
Authors: Kim Kyungsoo , Oh Wankeun , Song E. Young
Published: February 2018

This study examines the role of international capital mobility in shaping the relation between economic growth and structural transformation. We build a small open economy Ramsey model with two goods, tradables and nontradables. We show that if the long-run autarky interest rate of a small open economy is higher than the world interest rate, the employment and value-added shares of the tradables sector will rise over time. In the opposite case, the shares will fall. Because the autarky interest rate increases with the rate of technological progress, our result suggests that cross-country differences in the rate of technological progress may be a significant factor in accounting for diverse patterns of structural changes among countries.