bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental Cost of Being Asian but Living in the United States: Diminished Returns of Household Income on Cortical Surface Area in 9-10 Year Old Children
Authors: Assari Shervin , Lee Allison
Published: August 2022

Introduction: While socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as household income are known to be associated with larger cortical surface area, recent research on Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggests that family SES indicators such as household income may have weaker effects on brain function and structure for non-White (marginalized) than White (privileged) families: a pattern that reflects structural and societal inequalities deeply intertwined into the United States social fabric. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that used baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data was collected between 2016 and 2018. Overall, 6039 9–10-year-old children entered our analysis. The independent variable was household income. The moderator was race. The primary outcome was the overall cortical surface area. Age, sex, and family structure were the covariates. We used mixed effects regression models that adjusted for data analysis because ABCD data is nested into families, centers, and US states. Results: While high household income was associated with larger cortical surface area, this effect was weaker for Asian than non-Hispanic White children. This racial heterogeneity in the effects of household income on cortical surface area was documented by a statistically significant interaction between race and household income on cortical surface area. Conclusion: For American children, household income does not similarly correlate with cortical surface area of diverse racial groups. Brain development in the US is not solely a function of SES (availability of resources) but also how social groups are racialized and treated in the society. In the US, race, as a proxy of racism, limits how much SES can affect brain structures such as cerebral cortex. Due to racialization, segregation, discrimination, and marginalization, racial minority children may experience weaker effects of SES. Structural inequalities should be addressed to equalize the return of SES resources across racially diverse families.
Determining Contributory Factors to the Competitiveness of Iran’s Medical Tourism: An Importance-Performance Analysis
Authors: Ahangaran Jafar , Bhartiya Shivam Prakash , Nadalipour Zahra , Salehi Maryam
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Medical tourism is developing more rapidly, particularly in developing countries, as a tool to enhance economic growth and achieve a competitive position. The present study aims to investigate and identify contributory factors to the competitiveness of Iran’s medical tourism using importance-performance analysis. Methods: This is an applied study with a descriptive nature conducted using field studies and surveys. A conceptual model was adopted and contributory factors were extracted from previous studies. A questionnaire was designed based on extracted factors and opinions of experts who are specialists in the field of medical tourism. The statistical population consisted of tourism experts, health experts, physicians, and medical staff working in hospitals with international units. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The results showed that "medical services" were more important than the two components "special factors of tourism" and "characteristics of medical tourism destinations". It was also revealed that the current situation of "medical tourism destination characteristics" is unfavorable compared to the other two components. Conclusion: This study provided an insight into the importance and quality of performance of the factors affecting the competitiveness of medical tourism, which can be beneficial for managers and planners in Iran and other medical tourism destinations.
Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities
Authors: Singh Ridhima , Chaudhary Mansi , Chauhan Ekta Singh
Published: August 2022

Stellaria media Linn., a member of the family Caryophyllaceae, is generally known by the name of Chickweed. This plant is extensively cultivated globally and is inherent to Africa, Asia, China, Europe, and North America. It is a well-known medicinal plant with immense therapeutic uses. Nutritional studies have revealed the presence of protein, especially 16 amino acids, vitamins, and minerals such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc. Phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids, isoflavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and anthraquinone are present in chickweed. It has multiple therapeutic potentials like anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial, anti-anxiety, and toxicity profiles. The crude extracts and their metabolites did not show any toxicity in the experimental animal. This review summarizes the nutritional, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicity studies on this plant concerning its future use in pharmacological drugs.
Screening of phytochemicals, toxicities, and activities of three Dillenia species
Authors: Siripiyasing Pornnarong , Silawong Kittiya , Thooptianrat Tikumporn , Sudmoon Runglawan , Babayan Nelly , Khondkaryan Lusine , Apresyan Lilit , Tanee Tawatchai , Chaveerach Arunrat
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Plants containing β-sitosterol and oleamide are important for various diseases. So, Dillenia indica, D. obovata, and D. pentagyna were investigated for phytochemicals, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity levels on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Hela cells. The protective effect of D. pentagyna extract on a HepG2 cell line was also investigated. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for phytochemical analysis. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction (MTT) and comet assays were performed for toxicity testing and protective effects against DNA oxidative damage. Results: The major components were oleamide and β-sitosterol at 38.464-58.247% and 5.585- 6.887% with concentration and quantity of β-sitosterol at 0.2-0.37 mg/mL and 0.42-0.964 mg/g leaf. The D. indica, D. obovata, and D. pentagyna toxicities on PBMCs showed IC50 values at >430, >430, and 350 µg/mL respectively, with no significant DNA damage (P > 0.05) compared to the negative control group. All plant extracts showed toxic activity on Hela cell with IC50 values at <0.43 µg/mL and induced significant DNA damage (P < 0.05) compared to the negative control group. Conversely, the activity of the D. pentagyna extract indicated low cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (IC50>430 μg/mL), no significant (P > 0.05) DNA damage induction, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased DNA damage level, and tremendous antioxidant effect. Additionally, a combined mixture of all plants in an equal proportion revealed no IC50 value and insignificant DNA damage. Conclusion: All the studied species contained oleamide and β-sitosterol, with toxicity on Hela cells without toxicity on PBMC. The D. pentagyna species showed high antioxidant effects and no toxicity on HepG2.
Chemopreventive effects of Costus comosus Linn against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats
Authors: Venkateswararao Rachumallu , Arul Balasubramanian , Kothai Ramalingam
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Costus comosus is a potential medicinal plant used traditionally to treat various ailments. The present study aimed to evaluate antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and the ameliorative effect of its ethanolic leaf extract against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Methods: HCC was induced by 0.01 % v/v DEN through the drinking water for 16 weeks. The animals were treated with ethanolic leaf extract of C. comosus (EECC) at 200 and 400 mg/kg for 16 weeks. In this study, tumour incidence, tumour volume, tumour burden, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, liver marker enzymes, and histological responses were measured in the animals. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed, their livers were removed and the levels of antioxidant enzymes were measured in the liver homogenate. Results: In DEN-treated animals, there were 100% tumour occurrences probably due to an imbalance in carcinogen metabolizing enzymes and cellular redox state. The oral administration of ethanolic leaf extract of C. comosus therapy at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced lipid peroxide levels and restored the increased activities of liver marker enzymes and antioxidant status to near normal. The biochemical findings corroborate histological findings, indicating that the leaf extract has a significant hepatoprotective impact in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed the promising anti-carcinogenic effects of ethanolic leaf extract of C. comosus against the DEN-induced HCC in rats.
Anti-ulcer effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oils on peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis models in rats
Authors: Shosha Nehad Naem Hamed , Fahmy Nouran M. , Singab Abdel Nasser B. , Mohamed Radwa Wahid
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Essential oils are considered a potential alternative to synthetic drugs in the management of diseases such as peptic ulcer (PU) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study is concerned with comparing the therapeutic effects of Cuminum cyminum L, Carum carvi L, and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils on PU and UC models induced by ethanol. Methods: Rats were divided into 10 groups; control groups were treated with saline and experimental groups with 500 mg/kg body weight of C. cyminum, C. carvi, or T. vulgaris essential oil. Curative effects were determined by measuring tissue oxidative markers, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the inflammatory marker prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), stomach pepsin (PEP), and colon alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Biochemical and histological examinations were done on stomach and colon tissues. Results: The current study proved the anti-ulcer effects of C. cyminum, C. carvi, and T. vulgaris essential oils. They improved the oxidative and inflammatory markers in both stomach and colon tissues and modulated stomach PEP and colon ALP activities. T. vulgaris essential oil modulated GSH and MDA levels resulting in a significant elevation in GSH levels by 120.43% and 99.46% and a significant reduction in MDA levels by 20.05% and 24.1% in PU and UC models, respectively. C. carvi essential oil was the most effective in restoring PGE2 by 71.51% compared to UC group. Results were confirmed by the morphological and histopathological changes. Conclusion: C. cyminum, C. carvi, or T. vulgaris essential oils might be used in the management of acute PU and UC.
Therapeutic potential of Ipomoea asarifolia on infected Swiss albino rats with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ojo Stephen Kayode S. , Sunmonu Gabriel Temitope , Adeoye Akinwunmi O. , Akinwunmi Christiana Fisayo , Obakunle Moses Ifeoluwa , Ojerinde Amos Olakunle , Awakan Oluwakemi J.
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Curative misuse of medicinal plants are worrisome with the paucity of histological information. This led to the investigation of Ipomoea asarifolia in Swiss albino rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Extraction was done using the cold maceration method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined using the micro-dilution method. Swiss albino rats of 6 sub-groups with 6 animals each (36 animals/organism) were administered with 0.3 ml single oral dose of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. The animals received treatment for 5 days as follows: 0.5 ml of 5% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (negative control), 250 mg/kg of amoxicillin (positive control), 2 mg/kg of whole plant extract, 4 mg/kg of whole plant extract, 2 mg/kg of leaf extract, and 4 mg/kg of leaf extract, respectively. The packed cell volume (PCV) and white blood count (WBC) of the animals were determined before and after treatment with histology examination of vital organs. Results: MIC for S. aureus was 2 mg/mL; the mortality in S. aureus group at 2 mg/kg was 66.7%. The PCV values (50.5±0.5, 45.0±1.0, and 50.5±1.5) decreased after infection, and a corresponding increase in the PCV was observed after treatment with the extracts. Also, a significant increase in the WBC values (3.40±0.35, 4.10±0.15, and 3.30±0.40) following infection and a corresponding decrease after treatment were observed. Congestion of vessels in the kidney was also observed. Conclusion: I. asarifolia has a dose-dependent antibacterial and curative activity, and could enhance innate immunity.
Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan Keuangan Bank Central Asia Syariah Menggunakan Metode CAMEL Tahun 2020-2021
Authors: Tri Lestari Indah , Shafurk Shafurak , Dandy Alhazm Dandy , Fauzul Hakim Hasibuan Fauzul
Published: August 2022

Bank soundness level is the ability of a bank to carry out normal banking operations and be able to fulfill all its obligations properly in a manner that is in accordance with applicable banking regulations.  Bank health classification is divided into five categories, namely: very healthy, healthy, fairly healthy, less healthy and unhealthy.  In the framework of implementing the requirements for the soundness of sharia banks, the predicate of Soundness Level is adjusted to the provisions in Bank Indonesia Circular Letter No. 6/23/DPNP dated May31, 2004. This type of research refers to using quantitative descriptive analysis method.  So that in this study financial ratios use the method of analysis and assessment of Capital Asset Earnings Liqiuidity (CAMEL), CAMEL analysis reports the relationship between accounts in financial statements that reflect financial performance and banking results on aspects of Capital, Asset Quality ,  Management, Revenue , and Liquidity.  Measurements that can be made using the relevant financial ratios to describe these five aspects.  Financial ratios reflect the bank's ability to carry out the bank's core business, namely in collecting, processing, and distributing funds, fulfilling obligations to other parties, and complying with applicable banking laws and regulations.  The results of the analysis of the bank's health financial statements will also provide information about the company's weaknesses and strengths.  With these weaknesses and strengths, after being carried out in the research it will be illustrated the level of soundness of the bank using the CAMEL analysis method, this banking company has a healthy predicate.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. PERTAMINA PATRA NIAGA FUNGSI RETAIL SALES JAWA BAGIAN BARAT
Authors: Ibrahim Defri Maulana , Hasbullah Amilia
Published: August 2022

Purpose to analyze the influence of organizational culture and work environment on employee performance PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga Fungsi Retail Sales Jawa Bagian Barat. This research is included in the category of causal associative research using a quantitative approach. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 30 respondents, all of whom were employees of Pertamina Patra Niaga Fungsi Retail Sales Jawa Bagian Barat. The research method using partially and simultaneous linear regression analysis.  The results of the study indicate that collectively or individually, organizational culture and work environment have a positive and significant effect on employee performance.
VARIEDADES CRIOLLAS DE MAÍZ AZUL RAZA CHALQUEÑO. CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÓMICAS Y CALIDAD DE SEMILLA
Authors: Antonio-Miguel Manuel , Arellano-Vázquez José Luis , García-de los Santos Gabino , Miranda-Colín Salvador , Mejía-Contreras J. Apolinar , González-Cossío Félix V.
Published: August 2022

Para conocer las diferencias entre caracteres agronómicos, rendimiento de grano y calidad de semilla, se realizó una evaluación de 24 variedades de maíz (Zea mays L.) criollo de color azul raza Chalqueño, que se sembraron durante el ciclo de primavera verano del año 2000 en las localidades de Santa Lucía Coatlinchán y Montecillo, del Estado de México. Los experimentos se establecieron bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. En laboratorio e invernadero se hicieron pruebas de vigor y germinación estándar para evaluar la calidad de la semilla producida. Los caracteres agronómicos medidos fueron: días a floración femenina, intervalo entre floración masculina y femenina, altura de planta, acame, mazorcas podridas, mazorcas por planta y rendimiento. Los caracteres sobre calidad, vigor de germinación y emergencia de semilla fueron: peso de 100 semillas, germinación de plántulas normales a los 4 d, porciento de germinación total a los 7 d y plántulas emergidas a los 6 d. Se detectaron diferencias altamente significativas entre localidades para días a floración femenina y mazorcas podridas; entre variedades, para días a floración femenina, intervalo de floración,  mazorcas podridas, mazorcas por planta y rendimiento. Las variedades de mayor rendimiento fueron la 13 (Pahuacán Ayapango, Méx.) y 22 (Cocotitlán, Méx.) con 5.1 y 5.4 t ha-1; el híbrido H-139 rindió 6.5 t ha-1. En vigor de semilla las variedades 11 y 15 presentaron mayor porcentaje de germinación de plántulas normales a los 4 d con 93 y 92 %. En vigor de emergencia el H-139 fue la mejor variedad con 21.6 % de plántulas emergidas a los 6 d.
Origen racista de la institución y el concepto occidental de educación: un ejercicio deconstructivista
Authors: Molina Nelson
Published: August 2022

This article carries out a historical review of documents that, seen from a genealogical deconstructivist perspective, reveals the way in which racism has configured the institution and concept education to serve as an instrument of domination, enslavement and segregation in the West, Latin America and Colombia. This, reflecting on the Western emergence of the concept, its use during the Spanish colonization in America, and its development until today. The Education device, defined as a Western institution of physical and cognitive domination (Walsh, 2013) based on racism (Soler, 2017), that includes within its actions non-schooled formative processes (Molina, 2020) must be redesigned by ethno-education and postcolonial communities to guard against the traps of contemporary racism, incidentally, to lay the foundations of an Afro-descendant and indigenous epistemology that prints a new concept of education based on justice and equity.
E-PEER MENTORING EFFECTIVENESS: A CASE STUDY FOR MATHEMATICS COURSE AT UITM CAWANGAN KELANTAN
Authors: Ramli Masnira , Ismail Mardhiyah , Othman Suziana Aida , Mohd Kanafiah Siti Farah Haryatie , Suhaimin Mohd Faiez
Published: August 2022

The universities closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic led to the sudden shift from classrooms to virtual learning and most of the students are unable to be physically around in the campus. This situation has caused some significant problems in teaching and learning not only to the lecturers, but it also affects the students especially in learning mathematics. Hence, the E-Peer Mentoring Program is conducted via online platform as a proactive measure to facilitate the students in learning mathematics. The objectives of this research paper are: first, to determine the significant mean difference between E-Peer Mentoring Program effectiveness and gender, second, to determine the relationship between leadership skills, mentor-mentee relationships, and communication methods between mentor-mentees towards E-peer Mentoring Program effectiveness, and third, to determine the most important factors that contribute to the E-Peer Mentoring Program effectiveness. The questionnaires were distributed to 80 students involved in this program. The findings showed that the E-Peer Mentoring Program effectiveness among student’s gender is equal whereas the gender stereotype on how they viewed this program do not apply for these students. The findings also revealed that there were significant positive relationships between leadership skill, mentor-mentee relationships and communication methods between mentor-mentees towards the program effectiveness. From these three factors, only the mentor-mentee relationships and communication methods between mentor-mentees were perceived as the most important factors that contributed to the program effectiveness. This suggests that the good relationship between mentor and mentees and effective communication between them had proven to have positive impacts to the program effectiveness.
In vitro Inhibitory Effect on Alpha Amylase Enzyme by Polyherbal Dip Tea in Diabetes
Authors: F.P Mohsina , Quazi Aamer , I.P Faheem , A Kamal Mohammad , Mukim M  , Ahmed Rather Gulzar , Pati bhinandan
Published: August 2022

The presentstudy aims to preparenovel polyherbal formulations in aunique and accessible tea bag form and also analysesthe antidiabetic potentials in vitro.Material and method:The formulation wasmade from Ichnocarpus frutescens(IC), Ficusdalhousiae (FD),Cretevamagna (CM),Alpiniagalanga (AG)andSwertiachirata (SC)herbs andused in this study. Indian medicinal plants i.e.,polyherbalwere subjected to progressivephytochemical analysis and testswere carried outfor the determination of α-amylase inhibitionactivity.The Phytochemical analysis revealedthepresence of Alkaloids,Tannins,Anthraquinone, Flavonoids,Saponinand reducing sugar, as the active compounds. The tea infusions of the aforementioned plants were prepared in differentformulations like F1, F2, F3, and F4. The formulations weretested for antidiabetic activity in vitro through the inhibition of alpha-glycosidase.Results: TheF3 (91.6%) and F4 (92.7%) showedthehigher inhibition data againstporcine pancreatic α-amylase among the Fourformulations. The minimum% alpha-amylase inhibition was recordedin F2 (90.4%)amongthe medicinalactiveplants studied.Conclusion: Hyperglycaemia level is reducedvia a controllable condition of starch breakdown through pancreaticα-amylase inhibitors.Best results were obtained by the infusion containing The F2 formulation which showed significant antidiabetic activity.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.
Formulation of Silver Nanoparticle of Cassia angustifoliaby Using Green Synthesis Method and Screening for In-Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Annaso. Patil Priyanka , Dalvi Shubdha , Dhaygude Vishwajit , D. Shete Sanmati
Published: August 2022

The main objectives in developing nanoparticles as a delivery system are to manage particle size, surface characteristics, and the release of pharmacologically active substancesto achieve the drug's site-specific action at the appropriate rate and dose. They can help boost medication stability and have helpful controlled release features, for example.Nowadays researchers are movingtowards the green chemistry approach which is an alternative routethat is eco-friendly, cheap and fast; in that plant extracts and microorganisms are used in the reduction of the metal salt which is fast gaining demand in the field of nanobiotechnology. In this study, silver nitrate was reduced to its “nanosilver form”through a one-step synthesis protocol using an extract of Cassia Angustifolia.Three different batches namely batch A, B, C of varying temperature and another three batches namely D,E,F of varying pH were synthesized. The prepared nanoparticles were optimized and characterized by practical yield determination, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size determination and measurement of zeta potential. The synthesized nanoparticles were screened for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.Result found that the percentage practical yield of synthesized nanoparticles waswithin the range of 6.41-52.61%. The drug entrapment efficiency was found to be 99.875%. AgNPs inhibited protein denaturation and showed 75.52% inhibition at 500μg ml-1 whereas standard drug Aspirin exhibited 65.03% protein denaturation.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.
Geleneksel Sokak Karakterini Oluşturan Fiziksel Bileşenlerin Bahtiyar Yokuşu ve Hacı Osman Sokak Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KISAKÜREK Şule , ABACIOĞLU GİTMİŞ Esra
Published: August 2022

Hızlı nüfus artışı, sanayileşme, sosyal yaşam koşullarındaki değişimler, bilinçsiz müdahale ve restorasyonlar, koruma amaçlı imar planlarının yetersiz olması ve hızlı teknolojik gelişmeler kentlerde bir kimlik kargaşasının oluşmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu kontrolsüz kentleşme ve yenidünya şartlarına uyum sağlama çabası sonucunda kentlerin mekânsal kimliğini yansıtan dokularda tahribatlar yaşanmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak kentlerimizin geleneksel sokak dokuları da bozulma eğilimine girmektedir. Kahramanmaraş’ın geleneksel sokaklarında da bu bozulma gözlenebilir. Son yıllarda kimlik kavramının gündemde olması ile, yerel yönetimlerin kentlerin tarihini canlandırmak üzere yaptıkları çalışmalarda bir artış söz konusudur. Bu durum, geleneksel kentsel mekân ve konutların koruma ve onarım çalışmalarına görsel ve kültürel açıdan daha anlaşılabilir olmasını sağlayan diğer fiziksel bileşenlerin dâhil edilmesi gerekliliğini arttırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Kahramanmaraş’ın geleneksel sokaklarının en belirgin iki örneği olan Bahtiyar Yokuşu ve Hacı Osman Sokak karakterlerinin oluşumuna katkıda bulunan fiziksel bileşenlerin ve niteliklerinin belirlenmesi üzerine kurgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemi üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Öncelikle çalışma kapsamında, sokakların karakterini belirleyen fiziksel bileşenler hakkında detaylı bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu taramalarda, konut-avlu/bahçe-sokak düzeninin geleneksel sokak karakterini oluşturan bileşenler arasında en dışavurumcu unsurlar olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında, araştırma alanının fiziksel bileşenlerinin nitelik ve nicelikleri belirlenmiştir. Son aşamada ise, geleneksel sokak dokusuna katkıda bulunan fiziksel bileşenlerin ilişkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Kahramanmaraş’ın geleneksel sokak dokusunu tarihi konutlar şekillendirmekte olup bu dokuyu karakterize eden en önemli fiziksel bileşenin ise kapı (%86) olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana (canela-de-velho), the new trend plant from the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Iglesias Diego Tavares , Fonseca Rúbia Santos
Published: August 2022

Miconia albicans (canela-de-velho) is a species widely distributed in the Cerrado. In recent years, its leaves have been commercialized for the preparation of medicinal teas. The genus Miconia is highly diverse in the Cerrado, and the high morphological similarity of the species often results in misidentification, even by specialists. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the identification of M. albicans, and its distinction from other Cerrado species with morphological similarity. In addition, a literature review of the species was performed in search of studies on potential biological and pharmacological activity. Nineteen samples of plants marketed as "canela-de-velho" and/or Miconia albicans were acquired from fairs in six municipalities in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species were properly identified and conflicting characters were determined. Based on these characters, a survey of all species with morphological similarity in Cerrado was carried out. Thirteen species similar to M. albicans were found, and an illustrated identification key was developed. As for the review of biological activity, only M. albicans presents anti-inflammatory activity identified by one study. M. albicans and six of the 13 identified species showed cytotoxicity at high concentration levels in studies with in vitro and in vivo analyses. M. albicans accumulates aluminum in the leaves, which are the organs used to prepare the infusion. Currently, there are no clinical trials to validate the use of M. albicans as herbal medicine.  Indiscriminate use and lack of scientific evidence, besides not producing the desired results, can cause adverse effects.
Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cells by a closed tube sulfurization under saturated sulfur vapor pressure
Authors: Htay Myo Than , Imai Osamu , Kosaka Kazutomo , Momose Noritaka , Hashimoto Yoshio
Published: August 2022

CdS/Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) heterojunction thin-film solar cells were fabricated via a closed tube sulfurization under saturated sulfur vapor pressure. A significant improvement in the crystalline quality of the CZTS polycrystalline thin-film was achieved when the Cu–Zn–Sn metallic-alloy thin-film was sulfurized under saturated sulfur vapor pressure of 4.3 atm at 590 °C due to efficient suppression of re-evaporation of Zn and Sn species during the growth process. Accordingly, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density of the CdS/CZTS heterojunction device were enhanced resulting in the improvement of power conversion efficiency by over 1.7 times compared to the best cell fabricated by the conventional processes under unsaturated sulfur vapor pressure of 1.5 atm.
Pengembangan Desain Alat Pemotongan Kripik Singkong Dalam Peningkatan Produksi (Studi Kasus Pada UMKM di Pemalang)
Authors: Saputro Yoyo , Saksono Deky Yudha
Published: August 2022

Cassava is a tuber plant that can grow in tropical areas with hot and humid climates. In tropical climates cassava is needed for its growth process so that this plant cannot grow at temperatures below 10 c. Cassava is a tuber or tree root that can grow on sandy to clay soil, as well as on low fertility soil. The length of cassava ranges from 15-30 cm with a relatively different diameter, which is 2-5 cm. Cassava has a skin consisting of two layers, the first layer is the outer skin while the second layer is the inner skin with white or yellowish flesh. In its production so far, cassava cutting is still using human power (manual). It would be better if the production of cassava cutting increased without ignoring the existing human aspects. Therefore, a machine is needed as a human tool in increasing the productivity of cassava cutting. Significant results or not, can later be observed from the data obtained before and after using the machine. A significant increase after the experiment was carried out means that the cassava cutting machine was able to help the existing cutting process. This can be seen later by using SPSS calculations.
Implementasi Website Rahayu River Tubing sebagai Media Promosi dan Reservasi bagi Wisatawan
Authors: Adhinata Faisal Dharma , Rakhmadani Diovianto Putra , Segara Alon Jala Tirta , Ramadhan Nur Ghaniaviyanto
Published: August 2022

Community service aims to implement website-based information technology as a media for promoting Rahayu River Tubing tourism and its reservation. The attractions offered are Tubing, Pangasinan Waterfall, Pengkol Hill, and Pedestal View. Before this website, promotions were only carried out on social media, and reservations were still manual by contacting the manager directly. This community service method is by identifying problems, developing the Rahayu River Tubing website at the address http://rahayurivertubing.com, and evaluating activities. This activity was attended by 15participants from the manager and tour guide held at the Rahayu River Tubing basecamp. At the end of the activity, feedback is given to evaluate this community service activity.There are five statements on the questionnaire with an average result of 99%. These results indicate that community service partners are delighted with the socialization and training on the use of the Rahayu River Tubing tourism website.
Pengemasan Produk Olahan Ikan Julung-julung (Hemiramphus sp) untuk Peningkatan Ekonomi Kelompok Nelayan di Kampung Palareng
Authors: Sarapil Costantein Imanuel , Kumaseh Eunike Irene , Ikhtiagung Ganjar Ndaru
Published: August 2022

The smoked halfbeak or better known as Roa fish is the raw material for making Sambal Roa, namely souvenirs typical of North Sulawesi. Palareng Village, South Central Tabukan Subdistrict, Sangihe Islands Regency is one of the villages that produce the halfbeak. The Partner Group is an economically productive partner group, which has a business in catching, processing, and selling Roa fish. The selling price of halfbeak sold raw is on average, Rp. 1000, - / 4 tails, meaning Rp. 250, - / head. The selling price of smoked halfbeak or Roa fish is Rp. 750, - / head. Meanwhile, the price of packaged halfbeak is usually Rp. 1000, - / fish. Partner problems in developing their business are the production aspect where there are limited tools for packaging, the marketing aspect in that there is no wider marketing step, and the management aspect where there is no product management team in the partner group. The purpose of this PKM activity is to empower fishery resources, especially halfbeak (Hemiramphus sp), empower fishermen's groups in Palareng Village, produce fishery processing product permits (P-IRT: Home Industry Products) by the Sangihe Islands District Health Office, and increase economic income of fishing groups in Palareng Village. The methods of implementing PKM are surveys, fish processing counselling, packaging of processed products, P-IRT (Home Industry Products) management and marketing management. Procurement of packaging facilities in the form of a vacuum sealer, helps the community in Palareng Village, especially the halfbeak processing group in marketing processed fish products that are more effective and efficient and increase income. The amount of partner income in selling packaged halfbeaks can reach IDR 1,000,000 - IDR 2,000,000 per trip. Increase in fishermen's income by 25%.
A REVIEW ON THYROID EYE DISEASE
Authors: Bhatnagar Arushee , Chaudhari Dinesh Mohan , N Renjen Pushpendra , Hasan Urusa
Published: August 2022

Graves orbitopathy (GO) is associated with thyroid autoimmunity
(AITD) and is highly complex. It is dened by the expansion and
remodelling of the orbital tissue due to inammation of retrobulbar
tissues, increased adipogenesis, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
accumulation in the extraocular muscles. GO is an extrathyroidal
manifestation of Graves' disease (GD) and can also be seen with
Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Euthyroid Graves' Orbitopathy. (1) GO
results from a complex interaction of endogenous (unmodiable) and
exogenous/environmental (modiable) risk factors. The former
include age, gender, and genetic factors. As described in a previous
section of this manuscript, GO tends to be more severe in men, in
whom it occurs at an older age than in women. Several modiable risk
factors for the occurrence/progression have been identied. The
modiable risk factors may include smoking, hyperthyroidism/
hypothyroidism, radioiodine treatment, oxidative Stress, TSH-
Receptor Antibody Levels and hypercholesterolemia (2). The GO is
usually mild and rarely progresses to the severe course can be managed
by restoring the euthyroid state.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF GALLSTONE DISEASE IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Kour Irneet , Mehta K S , K. Gupta Ravinder , S Bhadwal Abhai , Sharma Vikas
Published: August 2022

Gallstone disease is a fairly common disease prevalent in the society. Knowledge about the disease in the pediatric population is less. Children have
prevalence of about 15-20% in western societies. The study was conducted in departments of Pediatrics and Surgery of ASCOMS and Hospital
between November 2019 to October 2020. 100 pediatric patients who were identied having cholelithiasis constituted the study. A detailed medical
history, feeding history and family history were taken. Clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Sonography of abdomen was
done for the diagnosis of the disease.A total of 100 children were involved in the study among which 44 were males while 56 were females most of
them belonged to the age group of 6-15 years. The most common clinical presentation was right upper quadrant pain which was seen in the 44
children followed by decreased appetite, dyspepsia and nausea, vomiting. On general physical examination pallor was the most common problem
detected with 38 children having pallor. The various risk factors were assessed and in 24 cases no risk factors were identied which was followed by
being overweight and family history having 21 cases each. Ultrasonography was performed on all these cases. We concluded that gallstone disease
is fairly more common in the female children with no risk factor associated being the most common cause followed closely by family history and
overweight. The most common presentation being the right upper quadrant pain and on ultrasonography being the presence of gall bladder sludge
and multiple caliculi in the gallbladder.
PULMONARY FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN PATIENT WITH COVID-19
Authors: Kant Tejas , Narain Upma , Hajela Daya
Published: August 2022

Background: The incidence of pulmonary fungal infections in patients with COVID-19 disease is not well described. Isolation and identication
of these infections may improve patient's outcome. Therefore, the objective of the study is to nd out the incidence of pulmonary fungal co-
infections and to isolate and identify the fungal pathogens in COVID positive patients.
Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Tejas Microdiagnostics during 30 April 2021 to 30 June 2021. A total of 59
patients with severe COVID-19 infection requiring admission in SRN Hospital, Prayagraj were included in the study. Sputum specimen was sent
for culture and sensitivity to Tejas Microdiagnostics within eight hours of admission for the evaluation of fungal infections.
Results: Out of 59 COVID positive cases, 53 cases were identied with fungal infections. The mean age of patients with infections was 61.29 +
7.84 years with males being about 73.6% and females about 26.4%. The pulmonary fungal infection comprised of Candida glabrata (13.21%),
Candida tropicalis (33.96%), Candida albicans (9.43%), Candida cruzi (15.09%), Candida parapsilosis (18.87) Mucour (3.77%), Penicillium
(1.89%), Rhizopus (1.89%) Aspergilluss fumigatus (1.89). Mortality was observed in 7.5% cases.
Conclusion: Our study illustrates that 89.8 % COVID positive patients were infected with pulmonary fungal infections. The reason for such a high
incidence can be the wide spread use of empirical antibiotics and steroids which may increased the risk of fungal infections in patients with
COVID-19. Isolation and identication of such infections is prudent and may reduce the morbidity and mortality of the patients.
COMBINED EFFECT OF GENTAMYCIN, AMPICILLIN WITH N – ACETYLCYSTEINE AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS BIOFILM : AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Nair Nayana , A Saraf Prahlad , Totad Shrishail , P. Yadahalli Rashmi , Vanaki Sneha , Chigadani Pradeep
Published: August 2022

Biolm-related infections pose a major problem in the society from both an economical and health perspective. Persisting biolms inside the root
canal system after root canal therapy may result in re-infections and persistent apical periodontitis. Enterococcus Faecalis (E.Faecalis) has been
found in 38% of the failed root canal-treated teeth.
Aim: Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial efcacy of Gentamycin (GMC), Ampicillin (AMP) and their combination with N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
in root canals infected with E.Faecalis.
Methods And Materials: 60 extracted single rooted human teeth were prepared and randomly divided into six groups: Calcium hydroxide (CH),
Gentamycin (GMC), Ampicillin (AMP), Gentamycin and N-acetylcysteine (GMC+NAC), Ampicillin and N-acetylcysteine (AMP+NAC) and
Normal Saline as a positive control. According to the name of the groups, intracanal medicaments were placed into the canals and the teeth were
restored with a temporary lling. After one week, intracanal medicament was removed and the nal count of bacteria was measured. Antibacterial
effect of medicament was assessed by measuring the percentage reduction in the colony counts and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The
Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the overall antibacterial efcacy of the intracanal medicaments at
signicance level of 0.05.
Result & Conclusion: Comparatively the combination of Ampicillin and NAC has a higher disruptive effect on biolms when compared to
calcium hydroxide.
A STUDY ON ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH LEFT ATRIAL SIZE
Authors: Kumar Yadav Ankit , Mittal Mahim , Sarkari Madhavi
Published: August 2022

Introduction-Atrial brillation is characterized by disorganized, rapid and irregular atrial activation with loss of atrial contraction and an irregular
ventricular rate determined by atrio-ventricular nodal conduction. Atrial brillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia and major public
health problems. The present study aimed to nd out possible underlying etiologies for atrial brillation.
Method- In this study, total of 100 patients of age >18 years with patients with clinically and electrocardiographically proven atrial brillation were
included. However, patients of age <18 years with Arrhythmia other than atrial brillation were excluded. The etiology of atrial brillation is
evaluated using electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiogram, and correlation with the ndings of parasternal long-axis view of left atrial
size.
Results- The majority of patients were between the ages of 49 and 55, with a mean age of 50.74 ±15.3. Additionally, the male/female ratio in the
overall enrolled cases was 23:27, indicating female dominance. The mean body mass index and initials of the patients were gathered. The mean size
of the left atrium was 5.00±1.10. Majority of the patients fell in 5-6 cm left atrial size with rheumatic heart disease diagnosis followed by 4-5 cm left
atrial size with dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosis.
Conclusion- Most patients had rheumatic heart disease, as opposed to dilated cardiomyopathy or ischaemic heart disease. The systemic
hypertension, age, electrolytes imbalance and obesity are the major leading cause to causes the arrhythmic changes. Statistically, a signicant
difference association of diagnosis with left atrial size were observed.
HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS AND ITS REPLICATION CYCLE
Authors: Bajpai Ritika
Published: August 2022

Human papilloma virus an Infected cell division and basal cell start the
procedure of keratinocyte differentiation that the triggers a strongly
orchestrated pattern to the productive infection of the viral gene
infection (1). Ds DNA genome present in to the nuclei where in the
epithelial cell dividing Cervical disease divided in to the high and low
reason of the subset mucosa infective(2). Mostly high risk HPV
infection during lifetime but cervical disease and cancer immune
system recognizes and clear the virus (3). In men high risk human
papilloma virus predomenentially a subset of or pharyngeal cancer and
the women more than 99.7% in cervical cancer (4) .cancer progression
is due to the persistent infection with the high risk human papilloma
virus.one of the most common part cancer at the molecular level,
cancer progression is due to the high expression of the viral
oncoproteins E6 and E7, inhibit apoptosis and also accumulation of
DNA damage and activate the cell cycle (5, 6)
“COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND FENTANYL TO ATTENUATE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO LARYNGOSCOPY AND INTUBATION.”
Authors: Hrishikesh Shah , Babu .S. M Suresh , Mishra Effisha , Shah S K
Published: August 2022

ntroduction- Endotracheal intubation includes laryngoscopy and intubation, which often evokes cardiovascular responses characterized by
increase in arterial pressure, changes in heart rate and disturbance in cardiac rhythm, which are transient variable and unpredictable.The present
study was conducted and evaluated to compare the efcacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in attenuating sympathoadrenal response which
includes heart rate and arterial blood pressure changes during tracheal intubation. 100 adult patients of either sex belonging to ASAMethods-
grade I, II, III belonging to age riagroup 18 to 80 years were posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. . Total 100 adult patients were
randomly divided into 2 groups with 50 patients in each group. Group D-Inj Dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kg 10minutes before laryngoscopy. Group F-
Inj Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg 10 minutes before laryngoscopy .In predetermined time heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean
arterial pressure were observed and compared in both groups. There was rise in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressureResults-
mean arterial pressure immediately after intubation, 1min.2min, 3min, 5min and 10 min after intubation Dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kgConclusion-
iv produces more favourable hemodynamic response while fentanyl 2mcg/kg less effective for attenuating pressor response to laryngoscopy and
endotracheal intubation.
SONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF NEONATES AND INFANTS FOR SUSPECTED DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF HIP AND IT'S ASSOCIATION WITH RISK FACTORS
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Bhandari Anu , Mendiratta Kuldeep Kumar
Published: August 2022

Many modalities are available to diagnose DDH, the ultrasonogram has gained acceptance widely because it can image the cartilaginous portion of femoral head and acetabulum without any radiation risk to the infants. Ultrasound is easily available, non-invasive in nature and does not require any sedation to baby. To study the role of ultrasound in diagnosis of development dysplasia of hip in neonates and infants. Materials AndPurpose: Methods: Our study was a hospital based prospective study conducted at S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur (Raj). Total 120 neonates and infants with suspected DDH included, ultrasonography scan of hip joint was done in both transverse and longitudinal planes using linear microarray probe. By Graf technique alpha and beta angle was calculated. Out of 120 term infants with suspicion of DDH 6 term infantsResults: (5%) were having DDH ndings and 114 term infants (95%) were having normal ultrasound ndings. 102(85%) term infants were having GRAF type I and 13(10.8%) term infants were GRAF type IIa in right hip. Similarly, 102(85%) term infants were having GRAF type I, 12(10%) term infants have GRAF type IIa in left hip. In our study 6 term infants (5%) were having dysplasia (IIB and above) and 114 term infants (95%) were having normal ultrasound ndings (GRAF I & IIA). Universal clinical screening with USG of hip can aid in early diagnosis of DDHConclusion: in new-borns. Large population-based studies from developing countries need to look in its cost-effectiveness into consideration.