bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of radionuclide contamination of materials stored in solid radwaste repository of the Chornobyl NPP
Authors:   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Mykhailov O. V. , Terzi A. K. ,   State Specialized Enterprise “Chornobyl NPP”
Published: February 2022

The composition and features of radionuclide contamination of solid radioactive waste (SRW) stored in the western “light” compartment of SRW repository (RSRW) of the SSE “Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant” (ChNPP) were studied. Representative samples of SRW taken from the top layer of materials at 1-m depth were split into four streams, and according to their physical state, they were classified into two categories: combustible (one stream) and non-combustible (three streams) ones. After relevant sample preparation was carried out, the SRW samples were investigated in the ChNPP Laboratory for water-radiochemical measurement in order to identify the radionuclides, which are subject to compulsory certification according to SRW acceptance criteria valid in the Exclusion Zone. It was stated that SRW radioactivity levels in the upper layer of western “light” compartment of SWR are, mainly, determined by radionuclide contents of 137Cs, 60Co, 90Sr, 94Nb, 235U, 238U, 241Am, 3 H and 14C. The parameters of regression dependencies and correlation coefficients between the specific activity of radionuclides in stream- and integrated (for non-combustible SRW) data samples compiled of measurement results (above the minimally detectable activity) were estimated. It was stated that the features of radionuclide contamination spectrum of the SRW in western and eastern compartments are largely similar ones, that, apparently reflects the typical properties of the ChNPP operational wastes produced in period from 1978 to 1986, and which had been stored in mothballed state in the RSRW before the accident at the ChNPP Unit 4 occurred. However, for such radionuclides as 60Co, 94Nb and 90Sr, observable levels of SRW contamination in the western compartment are significantly higher, than in the eastern one. At the same time, the specific activity of uranium isotopes 235, 238U is several times lower. It was concluded that the experimental and analytical results obtained in this work can be used as the source data for the next stage of studies — calculation of scaling factors and determination of radionuclide vectors needed to certify the difficult-to-measure radionuclides in the ChNPP SRW packages being transported to their burial.
Modeling and Visualization of the Radiation State on the Site of the Storage of Containers of CSNFSF with the Use of the Software Complex ChNPP VRDose Planner
Authors:   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Derenhovskyi V. V. , Menshenin Y. A. ,   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2022

The results of three-dimensional modeling of working conditions of personnel in radiation-hazardous conditions of the Centralized Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility (CSNFSF) of WWER type reactors of domestic NPPs, are presented using the software complex ChNPP VRDose Planner. Today, the software package ChNPP VRDose Planner, developed by the Institute of Energy Technology (Norway), is an effective tool for estimating the does load on personnel. It allows interpreting radiological information based on three-dimensional models of radiationhazardous objects where human activities are planned. The VRDose software complex allows creating virtual models of each worker and reproducing detailed technological process of performance of works with participation of the person. This creates a visual representation of the behavior of staff at all stages of work. The software complex is created for planning and implementation of works in difficult radiation conditions, allows carring out optimization of radiological protection and choosing the safest scenarios of performance of operations. Using this software package: 1) the predicted values of the dose rate on the surface of the container model and the model of the storage site were obtained; 2) the dose for the dosimeter was simulated and evaluated during the operation no. 32 “Control of gamma dose rate and neutron radiation of the loaded storage container HI-STORM at the storage site” for the time of operation on arrival and departure with the arrival and departure from the venue; 3) the contribution of the main emitting nuclides to the dose rate when measured on each side of the container is determined; 4) the possibility of its use to control the radiation impact on the environment and its minimization on the person during the construction and commissioning of the CSNFSF was assessed. By verifying the results obtained during the work on scientific and technical support of construction and commissioning of CSNFSF with the data obtained using the software package ChNPP VRDose Planner, it can be argued that they are sufficiently correlated. Given the above, the software package ChNPP VRDose Planner can be recommended for use during the work on scientific and technical support of the operation of CSNFSF and control of radiation exposure to the environment and its minimization for personnel for other design work to be performed, as part of work on the transformation of the Shelter object into an ecologically safe system, as well as in other projects of construction, operation and decommissioning of facilities using radiation and nuclear technologies.
PENTINGNYA MINAT BACA DALAM MENDORONG KEMAJUAN DUNIA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Yoni Efri
Published: February 2022

Diantara berbagai masalah pendidikan di Indonesia adalah rendahnya minat baca. Kebiasaan dan budaya baca dapat mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, sehingga minat baca memainkan peran sebagai modal besar bagi setiap orang dalam mencapai kesuksesan pendidikan, meskipun memiliki karir dalam berbagai bidang. Terdapat beberapa tantangan dan kendala dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan minat baca seperti keterbatasan jumlah buku cetak, minimnya fasilitas perpustakaan dan lebih menariknya program tayangan televisi. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, tentu saja pemerintah harus melaksanakan berbagai kebijakan yang dapat mendorong minat baca siswa di sekolah dan masyarakat.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) DIKELAS IX E SMP NEGERI 1 LAREH SAGO HALABAN
Authors: Krisnamurti Krisnamurti
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model kooperatif tipe NHT pada materi Listrik Statis di kelas IX E SMP Negeri 1 Lareh Sago Halaban . Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Siswa yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas IX.E dengan jumlah siswa 29 orang terdiri dari 11 orang laki-laki dan 18 orang perempuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dengan instrumen penelitian siklus I danII masing-masing terdiri dari 4 soal berbentuk uraian . Dari hasil penelitian, rata-rata hasil belajar pada siklus I sebesar 71,15 dengan ketuntasan 60 % dan siklus II sebesar 80,13 dengan ketuntasan 78 % (KKM 70 ). Persentase pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada siklus 1 sebesar 100% dan siklus II sebesar 100%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model kooperatif tipe NHT dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi Listrik Statis.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN KOHESI DAN KOHERESI KARANGAN EKSPOSISI SISWA KELAS X SMK NEGERI 2 PADANG PANJANG
Authors: Nova Safira Laila Fitri
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini membahas kohesi dan koherensi dalam karangan eksposisi siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 2 Padangpanjang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis kohesi dan koherensi dalam karangan eksposisi siswa kelas X SMK N 2 Padangpanjang, (2) mendeskripsikan pemakaian kohesi dan koherensi dalam karangan eksposisi siswa kelas X SMK N 2 Padangpanjang.

Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa karangan eksposisi siswa kelas X SMK N 2 Padangpanjang. Data penelitian ini berupa kohesi dan koherensi dalam karangan eksposisi para siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara studi dokumentasi atau mengumpulkan dokumen yang merupakan karangan eksposisi siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 2 Padangpanjang. Data yang terkumpul diidentifikasi, kemudian dianalisis jenis-jenis kohesi dan koherensi.

Hasil penelitian dalam skripsi ini, dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal. Pertama, kohesi yang ditemukan dalam karangan eksposisi siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 2 Padangpanjang yaitu kohesi leksikal, gramatikal dan koherensi sebanyak 21 kalimat. Kohesi leksikal yang ditemukan yaitu repetisi, sinonimi, antonimi, dan hiponimi. Kohesi gramatikal yang ditemukan yaitu referensi, substitusi, dan konjungsi. Koherensi yang ditemukan dalam karangan eksposisi siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 2 Padangpanjang yaitu koherensi kausalitas, aditif, rincian, temporal, dan kronologis. Kedua, kohesi dan koherensi yang cenderung digunakan dalam karangan eksposisi siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 2 Padangpanjang yaitu kohesi konjungsi dan repetisi serta koherensi kausalitas. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kohesi, baik kohesi gramatikal maupun leksikal dan penggunaan koherensi pada karangan siswa kelas X SMK N 02 Padangpanjang memiliki peran yang sangat baik dalam pembentukan kata atau kalimat sebuah karangan, sehingga karangan dapat tersusun secara kohesi dan koherensi.
PENGUJIAN PERSYARATAN ANALISIS (UJI HOMOGENITAS DAN UJI NORMALITAS)
Authors: Usmadi Usmadi
Published: February 2022

Pengujian prasyarat analisis, merupakan konsep dasar untuk menetapkan statistik uji mana yang diperlukan, apakah uji menggunakan statistik parametrik atau non parametrik. Uji prasyarat , yakni uji homogenitas variansi populasi, uji normalitas untuk sebaran data hasil penelitian. Uji homogenitas menggunakan statistik uji Harley, uji Cohran, Uji Levene, dan uji Bartlett. Sedangkan uji linearitas menggunakan statistik uji Lilliefors,dan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE
Authors: Maryono Maryono
Published: February 2022

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini meneliti bagaimana meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan kemampuan siswa dalam penguasaan konsep substansi genetika dan pembelahan sel melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Example non example dalam mencapai kompetensi belajar biologi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII IPA-3 SMA Negeri 1 Sitiung. Adapun metode yang digunakan PTK dan diolah secara deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data menggunakan lembar observasi sebagai alat pengumpul data yang diisi oleh observer selama pembelajaran berlangsung. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Example non example dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dalam memecahkan masalah biologi khususnya materi substansi genetika dan pembelahan sel. Pada . Pada siklus I ketuntasan klasikal pertemuan I = 16 % dan pertemuan II = 45%, sedangkan pada siklus II meningkat pada pertemuan I = 77 % dan pertemuan II meningkat menjadi 97 %.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL GUIDE DISCOVERY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP MAHARAH AL-KALAM
Authors: Gusnidar Neneng
Published: February 2022

Pembelajaran bahasa Arab sampai saat ini dihadapkan terhadap berbagai problematika, untuk itu dibutuhkan sebuah inovasi dari guru seperti penggunaan modal terbaru, bahkan tidak salah guru melakukan uji coba terhadap sebuah model pembelajaran dalam rangka mendapatkan model yang sesuai.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Guide Discovery terhadap maharah al-kalam kelas X MAN 4 Pasaman Barat. Metode yang dipakai dalam riset ini ialah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan eksperimen semu. Populasi penelitian 125 orang, dari populasi tersebut dijadikan sampel sebanyak 71 yang terdiri dari 35 kelas eksperimen dan 36 kelas kontrol, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis ialah suatu cara yang dipakai untuk menganalisis. Hasil riset yang ditemukan adalah dengan rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen yaitu 75,68 sedangkan kelas konrol dengan rata-rata 64,08 Pengujian normalitas kelas eksprimen Lhitung-0,5276< Ltabel0,1478 dan kelas kontrol Lhitung0,1473< Ltabel0,1478untukα0,5, maka data kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol berdistribusi normal. Hasil uji homogenitas data dari dua kelompok diperoleh Fhitung1,88014. Maka diperoleh kesimpulan H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas maka bisa disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh model pembelajaran guide discovery learning memberikan dampak terhadap hasil belajar bahasa Arab dalam aspek maharah al-kalam.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN SECARA DARING PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM TINGKAT SMP DI MASA PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Susanti Wati
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perencanaan, proses pelaksanaan serta kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh sekolah yang dalam hal ini adalah tenaga pendidik termasuk orang tua dan peserta didik dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran PAI di masa covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun pengumpulan data penelitian ini dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi, analisis data dilakukan dengan cara menyusun data, mengorganisasikkan data, menjabarkannya ke dalam unit-unit, melakukan sintesa, dan membuat kesimpulan. Sesuai dengan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa guru dalam merencanakan pembelajaran daring dihadapkan pada homogenitas peserta didik baik dari level ekonomis, inteligensi bahkan tempat tinggal, sehingga apa yang teah direncanakan tidak terlaksana secara maksimal, sementara pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring lebih didominasi pada pemanfaatan media WhatsApp group, kendala yang dihadapi guru terkait dengan pembelajaran PAI yang bersifat praktik sulit untuk dipahami peserta didik, begitu juga dengan materi akhlak yang tidak dapat diajarkan melalui keteladanan karena hanya menggunakan media online. Adapun kendala yang dialami oleh orang tua didominasi masalah ekonomis yang menuntut pengeluaran untuk paket data, selain itu di antaraorang tua banyak yang tidak mampu untuk menjelaskan secara langsung materi PAI kepada anak.
PENERAPAN METODE MIND MAP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII.3 MTsN 3 PADANG PARIAMAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Salvina Salvina
Published: February 2022

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan menerapakan metode mind map bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik dilaksanakan di MTsN 3 Padang Pariaman. Peserta didik berjumlah 34 orang terdiri dari 18 orang laki-laki dan 16 orang perempuan. Data penelitian didapatkan melalui observasi dan pemberian test tertulis, pegambilan data persentase nilai dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat, pada Siklus I Pertemuan ke-1 hanya 16 orang dari 34 orang atau 47% peserta didik memperoleh nilai hasil belajar di atas KKM, hasil tersebut meningkat menjadi 59% di akhir Siklus I, dan menjadi 88,24% pada akhir Siklus II. Peserta didik yang mendapat nilai di atas KKM sebanyak 30 orang dari 34 orang peserta didik. Peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tergolong sangat baik dengan nilai rata-rata dari 65,82 pada awal siklus menjadi 79,35 pada akhir siklus. Peningkatan total nilai hasil belajar adalah 25,04 dengan peningatan rata-rata nilai tertinggi pada Siklus I Pertemuan ke-1 yaitu sebesar 11,51. Peningkatan hasil belajar juga diikuti dengan ketuntasan belajar dengan peningkatan sebesar 49,78%, peningkatan ketuntasan belajar tertinggi pada Sikus II Pertemuan ke-2 yaitu sebesar 17,65%. Kesimpulan bahwa pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas melalui model pembelajaran dengan metoda mind map pada Siklus I dan Siklus II dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA pada pokok bahasan Sistem Organisasi Kehidupan dan Klasifikasi Makhluk Hidup.
PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI GEOGEBRA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMK
Authors: Hidayat Taufik
Published: February 2022

Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat membantu manusia dalam melaksanakan berbagai hal, khususnya dalam dunia dalam penggunaaan sebuah aplikasi sebagai media pembelajaran. Agar siswa dapat dengan mudah memahami konsep matematika yang diajakan guru pada tingkat SMK, Selain itu bagi guru juga membantunya dalam menunjang setiap aktivitas guru mulai dari merencanakan, pelaksanaan dan Evaluasi pembelajaran. Salah satu Aplikasi yang digunakan dalam pembelakjaran SMK adalah Geogebra, Geogebra Pertama akali dikembangkan oleh Markus Hohenwarter Pada tahun 2001.Geogebra merupakan Aplikasi yang dapat membantu guru dalam pembelajaran matematika khususnya Geometrid dan Aljabar. Dalam pemanfaatannya Geogebra sebagai Media Pembelajaran dapat dgunakan sebagai Media demonstrasi, Alat bantu Konsruksiatau Gambar, Alat bantu Ekslprorasi dan alat Konfirmasi. Aplikasi juga dapat didownload secara bebas di ww.geogebra.com. Geogebra juga dapat diinstal di komputer pribadi sehingga dapat digunakan guru kapan dan dimana saja untuk menjunjang pembelajaran matematika. Dengan harapan aplikasi Geogebra dapat membantu guru menyampaikan konsep-konsep matematika
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PEMBELAJARAN COVID 19 MELALUI SUPERVISI KLINIS PADA UPTD SD NEGERI 02 TANJUANG HARO SIKABU-KABU PD. PANJANG SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Salmianis Salmianis
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam Pembelajaran Covid 19 melalui Supervisi Klinis Pada UPTD SDN 02 Tanjung Haro Sikabu-Kabu Pd Panjang Semester genap Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah yang terdiri dari dua siklus, dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari; perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 2021. Data diolah pada setiap siklus kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik persentase. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah melalui Supervisi klinis dapat meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam pembelajaran Covid-19 di UPTD SDN 02 Tanjung Haro Sikabu-Kabu Pd Panjang. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran pada prasiklus memperoleh rata-rata sebesar 57,00, meningkat menjadi 80,00 pada siklus I, serta mengalami peningkatan menjadi 90,00 pada siklus ke II. Selanjutnya kegiatan Supervisi klinis dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pedagogik guru dalam menyusun RPP, hal ini terbukti dengan adanya peningkatan menyusun RPP sesuai masa Pandemi Covid-19 dari 68,00 pada kegiatan prasiklus, meningkat sebesar 77,00 pada siklus I, serta meningkat menjadi 90,00 pada siklus ke II. Kemampuan pedagogik guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran Covid-19 juga mengalami peningkatan yaitu 57,00 pada prasiklus, meningkat menjadi 82,00 pada kegiatan siklus I, serta menjadi 90,00 pada kegiatan siklus ke II. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah melalui Supervisi klinis dapat meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam Pembelajaran Covid-19 sehingga dapat pula meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di sekolah.
PENATAAN HAK ASASI ATAS PENDIDIKAN SAAT PANDEMI CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019 DI KOTA AMBON
Authors: S. F. Peilouw Johanis , R. Pattipawae Dazonda , J. Pieris Henry
Published: February 2022

The occurrence of the coronavirus 19 pandemic has caused all aspects of life to experience a downturn, including the fulfillment of the right to education. The purpose of the study was to study and analyze the impact of the covid 19 pandemic on the fulfillment of the right to education and to examine and analyze the arrangement of the right to education in the covid 19 pandemic in Ambon City. The research method used is normative legal research. The results of the study show that: 1) the impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic on the fulfillment of the Right to Education is that there is a gap in the process of fulfilling the right to education among students caused by students' economic problems, limited facilities to support the learning process from home, limited ability in mastering technology. 2) The structuring of the right to education in the Covid 19 pandemic in Ambon City is carried out through 2 (two) learning methods applied, namely online (online) and visits by teachers to students' homes.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM PEREDARAN OBAT DAN MAKANAN TIDAK BERIZIN YANG DIPROMOSIKAN MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Zai Charisman Jaya , Rumapea Parulian Ganda , Pakpahan Kartina , Iansyah Fauzi
Published: February 2022

The state has an obligation to protect, supervise every product that is circulated for consumption by the public. This study aims to identify and analyze the form of legal protection for consumers so that illegal drug and food circulation which is circulated through social media does not occur, analyze the criteria for drugs and food without a distribution permit, and forms of accountability for business actors who commit acts normative juridical research methodology using literature study. The data analysis of this research used a qualitative approach. Law Number 80 of 2017 concerning Drug and Food Control was established to protect the public against any drug product whose registration is not registered based on applicable regulations. Accountability for the distribution of illegal drugs can be subject to criminal sanctions based on Article 196 jo 197 of Law Number 30 of 2009 concerning health if it meets the elements of error and unlawful acts.
PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM MENJATUHKAN PUTUSAN PIDANA BERDASARKAN HASIL SIDANG LAPANGAN (Descente) PADA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI (Analisis Putusan Nomor : 15/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/Pn Jmbi dan Putusan Nomor 60/Pid.Sus-TPK/2017/PN.Mdn.)
Authors: Sriyono Dudy
Published: February 2022

Field trials or local examinations (descente), there is no normative regulation in the Criminal Procedure Code. Field hearings or local inquiries (descente) are regulated normatively in civil procedural law in Article 153 HIR (Herzeine Inlandsch Reglement). Field hearings (descente) in court proceedings in cases of corruption in the procurement of government goods and services, In case Number 15 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2019 / Pn Jambi, a field trial was conducted at the location of the object of the case, namely the Tanduk River D.I Irrigation Network, located in Sungai Tanduk Village, Kayu Aro District. Based on the results of the field review by the Panel of Judges, it was evident that the D.I Sungai Tanduk irrigation network was functioning well. The results of the field trial in the judge's decision were used as a consideration for the mitigating circumstances for the defendant. In Decision Number 60 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2017 / PN.Mdn. a field trial was held in which the Public Prosecutor presented the Auditor and the Legal Counsel for the Defendant to present the Auditor and from the results of the field trial, it was found that state financial losses amounted to IDR 75,522,786.10 (seventy-five million five thousand twenty-two seven hundred eighty-six rupiah ten cents). The judgment of the high court judges regarding the results of the field trials conducted was that the audit results were updated, independent, accepted by both parties and real facts on the ground (real) so that they were used in the verdict. Second, the Power of Evidence Against the Implementation of Field Sessions from these two decisions, it can be seen that field examinations have the same evidentiary power as a trial conducted in a courtroom, namely binding on the judge in making a decision.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP NON DISKRIMINASI KAITANNYA DENGAN KETENTUAN TINGKAT KANDUNGAN DALAM NEGERI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Brazzy Upoyo Violla , Ariananto Waluyo Adi Emmanuel
Published: February 2022

Countries that are members of the GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), including Indonesia, have agreed to apply the principle of non-discrimination in the activities of buying and selling goods between countries. Today's modern products are owned by everyone, namely mobile phones or computers. The product is an attraction to improve the economy of a country. Indonesia, which has ratified the GATT agreement contained in Law Number 7 of 1994 concerning Ratification of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization also has regulations in Law Number 25 of 2017 concerning Investment which regulates the level of domestic content for business actors from abroad who will invest in the sector of selling mobile phone and computer products so that it contradicts the agreed principle of non-discrimination. This paper uses a normative approach with analytical techniques using hermeneutic analysis and interpretation methods. The author finds that there are no laws and regulations governing the exception to the principle of non-discrimination.
ANALISIS YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA ILLEGAL LOGGING DITINJAU DARI PERBANDINGAN HUKUM INDONESIA, FILIPHINA, DAN MALAYSIA
Authors: Erlianto Reviansyah , Siwi Galih Raka , Donri Wahyu
Published: February 2022

Globalisasi tentu membawa dampak terhadap perkembangan pembangunan pada setiap negara, khususnya pada daerah yang memiliki potensi sumber daya yang berlimpah, oleh karena itu dilaksanakannya kegiatan pengalihfungsian hutan yang dilakukan atas izin negara melalui pemerintah. Namun dalam pratiknya ditemukan beberapa tindakan yang dilakukan sebagian oknum untuk mengeksploitasi kawasan hutan secara berlebih demi meraup keuntungan yang nantinya diklasifikasikan kedalam tindak pidana pembalakan liar (Illegal Logging). Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini ialah memahami eksistensi negara dalam pengawasan dan pengelolaan kawasan hutan, serta membandingkan tindak pidana pembalakan liar di Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filiphina ditinjau dari peraturan perundang-undangan pada masing-masing negara. Metode penelitian hukum normatif berupa data sekunder, serta penulis melakukan perbandingan hukum antara hukum Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filiphina yang dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil yang diperoleh, bahwa tindak kejahatan pembalakan liar merupakan tindak pidana yang besar dan terorganisir, ketiga negara dalam regulasinya telah mengutuk semua tindakan yang berhubungan dengan perusakan lingkungan termasuk pembalakan liar, lemahnya penegakan hukum menjadi faktor penyebab kejahatan ini terulang setiap tahunnya.
KONSEP CYBERBULLYING DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto
Published: February 2022

This research is a normative legal research that aims to analyze the modus operandi of cyberbullying and analyze cyberbullying in the perspective of criminal law in Indonesia and other countries. The method in this study is a normative research method. The results of the study analyzed that the modus operandi of cyberbullying is various forms of bullying or bullying that is carried out through the internet. The modus operandi can be categorized into exclusion; flaming; impersonation/fake profiles; trickery; fraping; dissing; and cyberstalking. In Indonesia, cyberbullying is still not specifically regulated or limited. So the handling still depends on Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Likewise in the Criminal Code the crime of cyberbullying is only limited to insults and defamation. An adequate discussion regarding cyberbullying is contained in Arkanas Regulation (AR Code) AR Code 5-71-217 (2015) in points (b), (c) and (d) as well as in the EU's Criminal Law in Conclusion of the Council 2009/C62 /05 of 27 November 2008 and the 2011/92/EU Directive on combating inappropriate treatment in cyberspace.

This research is a normative legal research that aims to analyze the modus operandi of cyberbullying and analyze cyberbullying in the perspective of criminal law in Indonesia and other countries. The method in this study is a normative research method. The results of the study analyzed that the modus operandi of cyberbullying is various forms of bullying or bullying that is carried out through the internet. The modus operandi can be categorized into exclusion; flaming; impersonation/fake profiles; trickery; fraping; dissing; and cyberstalking. In Indonesia, cyberbullying is still not specifically regulated or limited. So the handling still depends on Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Likewise in the Criminal Code the crime of cyberbullying is only limited to insults and defamation. An adequate discussion regarding cyberbullying is contained in Arkanas Regulation (AR Code) AR Code 5-71-217 (2015) in points (b), (c) and (d) as well as in the EU's Criminal Law in Conclusion of the Council 2009/C62 /05 of 27 November 2008 and the 2011/92/EU Directive on combating inappropriate treatment in cyberspace.
PROSPEK AMANDEMEN UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR NEGARA RI TAHUN 1945 TERKAIT MASA JABATAN PRESIDEN PERSPEKTIF PADA PEMILU 2024
Authors: Roza Darmini
Published: February 2022

The prospect of amendments carried out by a country shows that the country is following developments that the present will certainly not be the same in the future. Indonesia, which has undergone the replacement of the Constitution and the Amendment to the Law, has appointed Indonesia as a country to be better than in the past. Article 37 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia becomes the Fundamental Basis. Related to legal issues and discourses on the terms of office of the President and Vice President for three periods which have led to polemics for and against, however, if it is related to the opportunities that exist in the MPR as a State Institution, amend Article 7 of the Constitution regarding the terms of office of the President and Vice President and fulfill the provisions of Article 37 of the Law. The Constitution and the people's approval so that the past history in this country does not repeat itself, meaning that it is normatively legal for the 2024 Election.
UPAYA HUKUM KEBERATAN ATAS PUTUSAN BADAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN (BPSK) DALAM KASUS PENARIKAN UNIT KENDARAAN MELALUI PIHAK EKSTERNAL (DEBT COLLECTOR) (Studi Putusan Nomor 03/PTS/BPSK/2020/PN.Padang dan Putusan Nomor 07/PDT/BPSK/2020/PN.Padang)
Authors: Alamsyah Bustanul
Published: February 2022

Broadly speaking, BPSK decisions should be viewed as decisions that have permanent legal force. However, when compared to the principle (res judicata pro vitatate habetur) with Article 56 Paragraph (2) of the UUPK, it turns out that the parties can still file an objection to the District Court. The incident was caused by the weak position and authority given by UUPK to BPSK, especially regarding decisions that are final and binding. One of the factors that cause objections to the decision of the dispute settlement agency outside the court is in determining the type of dispute resolution that will be taken by the parties. The objection is that the settlement of the case should be resolved through BANI or the PN, but in this case the dispute resolution is resolved at BPSK. Based on the number of cases that have been resolved by the Padang City BPSK and the number of cases decided by the Padang City BPSK, it continues to the Padang Class IA District Court, starting from 2018 as many as 15 cases, in 2019 as many as 26 cases, then in 2020 as many as 61 cases. This shows an increase. Meanwhile, the number of cases decided by the Padang City BPSK continued to the Padang Class IA District Court, from 2018 there were 14 cases, in 2019 there were 3 cases, in 2020 there were 3 cases. This shows a decline. Based on the research and discussion, it can be seen that: First, the mechanism for objecting to the BPSK decision in the Class IA Padang District Court can be carried out if one of the litigants considers that the BPSK decision is unsuccessful so that they can file an objection to the Class IA Padang District Court with a note that after fulfilling the requirements the objection applicant may file an objection and the submission of the objection is still within the specified grace period, namely 14 (fourteen) days from the announcement of the BPSK decision and if the District Court accepts the objection, a decision will be given within 21 (twenty one) days at the latest. Second, the analysis of the judge's decision Number 03/PTS/BPSK/2020/PN.Padang and the judge's decision Number 07/PDT/BPSK/ 2020/ PN.Padang which was previously processed at BPSK Padang City, is an objection to the arbitration decision entered in The PN Padang Class IA cannot be said to be a new lawsuit or an appeal, the objection is a legal remedy taken specifically to object to the arbitration decision of the consumer dispute settlement body out of court.
COUNTERING RADICALISM THOUGHT ON ISLAM A Study of Ibrahim M Abu Rabi's Thought
Authors: Mustamsikin Muh. , Hamzah Ghufron
Published: February 2022

The terrorist event and the destruction of the sea alms tradition in Bantul recently were quite surprising, because as we know that Yogyakarta is rich in cultural traditions. The phenomenon of violence with greater religious motives also occurred in Indonesia, such as the Bali Bombing on October 12, 2002, and more violent was the September 11, 2001 event at the WTC United States. The question is why does an understanding arise that justifies acts of terrorism in the name of religion? What is the solution offered by Ibrahim M Abu Rabi 'in responding to the phenomenon of terrorism in the name of religion? This paper will explain the thoughts of Ibrahim M Abu Rabi 'about the importance of re-examining the nature of Islamic thought when there are many Western accusations that the teachings of Islam legalize acts of violence and terrorism. Abu Rabi took three approaches in starting his study; (1) starting with the historical development of Islamic modernization, (2) education in the Islamic world, and (3) contemporary elites and the rise of religion in the Arab world. The philosophical, critical theological, socio-historical, and anthropological approaches to the study of Islam that were implied by Abu Rabi to bring Islam to the advanced conditions become accumulated in interconnected integrative ways of thinking.

Keywords: Ibrahim M Abu Rabi ', Radicalism, Terorism, and Integrative Interconnection.
التربية الإسلامية والتسامح : شيئان متكاملان
Authors: GRISSA HICHEM
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This article tries to uncover the relationship between education and tolerance, the points in common between the two and the mutual influence between them. By using descriptive analysis method, the writer elaborates matters related to education, such as basics, elements, media and methods. In terms of tolerance, the writer traces the roots of these words in Arabic and the extent to which they are related to the meaning of the vocabulary (tolerance) in English.

This article finds that education, both from an epistemological and axiological perspective, is closely related to tolerance. For example, in terms of understanding. Education in a simple sense is the process of forming students to become better. This process, of course, requires an adequate attitude of tolerance from educators in dealing with students. Likewise in the elements of education, such as universality, egalitarianism, graduation, comprehensive, realistic, sustainable. The application of these educational elements cannot be realized except through a tolerant view and attitude. Where the simplistic definition of tolerance is not imposing punishment on the party who should get it, not demanding the rights of the party that should have been obtained due to humanitarian considerations. This is the highest meaning of education too.
The Added Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Chain to Existing Diagnostic Methods and Biomarkers in a Mixed Memory Clinic Cohort of Consecutive Patients
Authors: Gleerup Helena Sophia , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Høgh Peter
Published: February 2022

The added value of neurofilament light chain (NfL) to the existing diagnostic methods is unknown, although a plethora of studies have shown increased levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood in many neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. The added value of CSF NfL was determined in a mixed memory clinic cohort of consecutive patients for 136 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ( n = 69), mild cognitive impairment ( n = 24), non-AD ( n = 34), and also healthy controls ( n = 9). This study found no increase in the diagnostic accuracy of the etiological diagnoses but knowing the CSF NfL value led to increased diagnostic certainty for the specialist in neurology.
Dynamic tensile properties of porcine knee ligament
Authors: Tran Dat Trong , Guang Zhan Yao , Tsai Liren
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The knee plays an essential role in movement. There are four major ligaments in the knee which all have crucial functionalities for human activities. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee, especially in athletes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic tensile response of the porcine ACL at strain rates from 800 to 1500 s−1 for simulations of acute injury from sudden impact or collision. METHODS: Split Hopkinson Tension Bar (SHTB) was utilized to create a dynamic tensile wave on the ACL. Stress–strain curves of strain rates between 800 s−1 to 1500 s−1 were recorded. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the elastic modulus of the porcine ACL at higher strain rates was six to eight times higher than that of porcine and human specimens at quasi-static strain rate. However, the failure stress was quite similar while the strain was much smaller than that at the lower strain rate. CONCLUSIONS: ACL is highly strain rate sensitive and easier to break with lower failure strain when the strain rates increased to more than 1000 s−1. The stress–strain curves indicated that the sketching crimps at the slack region did not happen but switched to the sliding process of collagen fibers and was accompanied by some ruptures, which can develop into tears when strain and stress were large enough. On the other hand, the viscoelastic properties of the ligament, depending on the proteoglycan matrix and the cross-link, showed a limited value in the studied strain rate range.
Postoperative changes in rib cage deviation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Wang Dongmin , Kang Xuewen , Ma Zhanjun , Ma Ying’ping , Hu Xuchang , Ma Bing , He Xuegang , Wang Shixiong , Gao Bingren
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Scoliosis causes changes in the thorax, but it is unclear what type of changes occur in the thoracic profile after scoliosis surgery. OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in rib cage deviation in the postoperative period after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery. METHODS: Forty-four patients with AIS with a main right thoracic curvature underwent posterior surgical fusion (PSF), and radiological parameters of the spine and thorax were evaluated. RESULTS: The correction rates of main thoracic curve (MT)-Cobb angle at immediate after surgery and postoperative follow-up (2 years) were 64% and 66%, respectively. At these two postoperative time points, the correction rates of height of thoracic vertebrae 1 to 12 (T1T12) were 10% and 12%; the correction rates of Rib-vertebra angle difference (RVAD) were 59% and 52%; the correction rates of Apical rib hump prominence (RH) were 58% and 76%; while the correction rates of Apical vertebral body-rib ratio (AVB-R) were 23% and 25%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that all these radiological parameters at the two postoperative time points were significantly different from the preoperative values (p< 0.001). There were significant correlations between MT-Cobb angle and T1-T12 height (p< 0.001), RVAD (p< 0.001), RH (p< 0.001), and AVB-R (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Posterior spinal fusion appears to be effective at correcting scoliosis, and the correction of rib cage deviation also plays an important role.
Ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation of glenohumeral joint combined with acupotomy for treatment of frozen shoulder
Authors: Xu Huajun , Zhang Yingchun , Wang Caishan
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Frozen shoulder (FS), also known as shoulder adhesive capsulitis, is a musculoskeletal disorder associated with pain and functional disability. There is a lack of evidence on the optimal treatment strategy for FS. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation of glenohumeral joint combined with acupotomy for treatment of FS. METHODS: In this prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled study, 63 FS patients were recruited, and equally allocated to treatment group and control group. The treatment group was treated with ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation of glenohumeral joint combined with acupotomy, while the control group was only treated with ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation of glenohumeral joint. The pain and mobility of shoulder, overall efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: At baseline, no significant difference in all characteristic value was found between the treatment group (n= 33) and control group (n= 30). Three months after operation, the joint’s Active Range of Motion (AROM) and Constant-Murley Scale (CMS) scores in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) thickness and the rate of hypoechoic thickening in rotator cuff space in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (all P< 0.05). The amount of injection volume at the third hydrodilatation was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (15.8 ± 4.7 vs 12.2 ± 5.2, P= 0.03). After 2 times of treatment, the volume increment of glenohumeral joint Δ2 in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group (3.5 ± 1.8 vs 1.2 ± 1.6, P< 0.001). There were significant differences in the effective rate between the two groups (93.94% vs. 76.67%, P= 0.04). CONCLUSION: The ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation of glenohumeral joint combined with acupotomy may benefit FS patients.
Machine learning analyses of highly-multiplexed immunofluorescence identifies distinct tumor and stromal cell populations in primary pancreatic tumors1
Authors: Vance Krysten , Alitinok Alphan , Winfree Seth , Jensen-Smith Heather , Swanson Benjamin J. , Grandgenett Paul M. , Klute Kelsey A. , Crichton Daniel J. , Hollingsworth Michael A.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a formidable challenge for patients and clinicians. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution of 31 different markers in tumor and stromal portions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identify immune cell populations to better understand how neoplastic, non-malignant structural, and immune cells, diversify the TME and influence PDAC progression. METHODS: Whole slide imaging (WSI) and cyclic multiplexed-immunofluorescence (MxIF) was used to collect 31 different markers over the course of nine distinctive imaging series of human PDAC samples. Image registration and machine learning algorithms were developed to largely automate an imaging analysis pipeline identifying distinct cell types in the TME. RESULTS: A random forest algorithm accurately predicted tumor and stromal-rich areas with 87% accuracy using 31 markers and 77% accuracy using only five markers. Top tumor-predictive markers guided downstream analyses to identify immune populations effectively invading into the tumor, including dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and multiple immunoregulatory subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Immunoprofiling of PDAC to identify differential distribution of immune cells in the TME is critical for understanding disease progression, response and/or resistance to treatment, and the development of new treatment strategies.
An integrated low-cost system for object detection in underwater environments
Authors: Foresti Gian Luca , Scagnetto Ivan
Published: February 2022

We propose a novel low-cost integrated system prototype able to recognize objects/lifeforms in underwater environments. The system has been applied to detect unexploded ordnance materials in shallow waters. Indeed, small and agile remotely controlled vehicles with cameras can be used to detect unexploded bombs in shallow waters, more effectively and freely than complex, costly and heavy equipment, requiring several human operators and support boats. Moreover, visual techniques can be easily combined with the traditional use of magnetometers and scanning imaging sonars, to improve the effectiveness of the survey. The proposed system can be easily adapted to other scenarios (e.g., underwater archeology or visual inspection of underwater pipelines and implants), by simply replacing the Convolutional Neural Network devoted to the visual identification task. As a final outcome of our work we provide a large dataset of images of explosive materials: it can be used to compare different visual techniques on a common basis.
The placement of linear transducers affects the magnitude but not the intra-session reliability of kinematic variables during the bench press exercise
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Miras-Moreno Sergio , García-Vega Agustín J. , García-Ramos Amador
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:

While linear transducers are the most accurate velocity monitoring devices, the horizontal motion of the barbell seems to affect its measurement error.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the effect of cable inclination of the GymAware and T-Force linear transducers on the intra-session reliability and magnitude of kinematic variables during the Smith machine bench press exercise.

METHODS:

Twenty-eight resistance-trained males performed 2 blocks of 12 repetitions (4 repetitions at 40-60-80%1RM). In half of the repetitions with each load the two measuring systems were either vertically aligned with the barbell or positioned 15-cm away from the vertical projection of the barbell.

RESULTS:

Displacement and mean velocity variables were recorded with a high and comparable intra-session reliability regardless of the cable position and measuring system (CV[Formula: see text] 1.79–8.38%; ICC[Formula: see text] 0.69–0.98). The inclined cable position provided a lower displacement and mean velocity than the vertical cable position and the differences were comparable using both the GymAware ([Formula: see text] 1.52 cm; [Formula: see text] 0.05 m[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]) and T-Force ([Formula: see text] 1.53 cm; [Formula: see text] 0.04 m[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]).

CONCLUSIONS:

These results indicate that repeatable findings of kinematic variables can be obtained regardless of the cable position, but for comparative purposes, the cable position should remain constant from the start to the end of the lifts.
Gut Microbiota as a Hidden Player in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Choi Hyunjung , Lee Dongjoon , Mook-Jung Inhee
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is accompanied by cognitive impairment and shows representative pathological features, including senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Recent evidence suggests that several systemic changes outside the brain are associated with AD and may contribute to its pathogenesis. Among the factors that induce systemic changes in AD, the gut microbiota is increasingly drawing attention. Modulation of gut microbiome, along with continuous attempts to remove pathogenic proteins directly from the brain, is a viable strategy to cure AD. Seeking a holistic understanding of the pathways throughout the body that can affect the pathogenesis, rather than regarding AD solely as a brain disease, may be key to successful therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of the gut microbiota in causing systemic manifestations of AD. The review integrates recently emerging concepts and provides potential mechanisms about the involvement of the gut-brain axis in AD, ranging from gut permeability and inflammation to bacterial translocation and cross-seeding.