bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of bio-logging on body weight change of the Eurasian beaver
Authors: Robstad Christian Andre , Lodberg-Holm Hanna Kavli , Mayer Martin , Rosell Frank
Published: December 2021

Bio-logging is a common method to collect ecological data on wild animals, but might also induce stress, reduce body condition, and alter behavior. Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) are a semi-aquatic and nocturnal species that are challenging to observe in the wild. Bio-loggers are hence useful tools to study their behaviour and movements, but this raises concerns of potential negative impacts of tagging. To investigate the potential negative impacts of glue-on tags, we compared body weight change for tagged and untagged Eurasian beavers. We hypothesized that tagged beavers would gain less body weight compared to untagged beavers, and that weight change might be affected by tagging length, tag weight, water temperature and the season of tagging. Daily percentage body weight change in relation to initial body weight during the first capture was compared during 57 tagging periods (18±7 days) and 32 controls periods (64±47 days). Body weight change varied between the two groups, with untagged beavers on average gaining daily weight whilst tagged beavers on average lost weight daily, indicating a negative effect of tagging. The average reduction in percentage body weight change per day for tagged beavers was small (0.1 ± 0.3%), and with large individual variation. Neither tag weight, number of tagging days, nor season were important in explaining body weight change of tagged animals. In other words, we found that tagging reduced daily body weight during the tagging period but were unable to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for this decline. Detrimental effects of tagging have important implications for animal welfare and can introduce bias in data that are collected. This calls for careful consideration in the use of tags. We conclude that studies investigating the effects of tagging should consider individual variation in the effects of tagging and, where possible, compare tagged animals with a control group.
Nutrient and physicochemical properties as potential causes of stress in mangroves of the central Red Sea
Authors: Alhassan Abdullahi Bala , Aljahdali Mohammed Othman
Published: December 2021

Mangrove ecosystems are some of the most productive and important sinks for sediment globally. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in possible causes of stress in mangroves, such as nutrient limitation, high salinity, solar radiation and temperature. We measured different factors casing stress and determined how they influenced oxidative stress and growth biomarkers in six study sites dominated by mangroves; Al Lith, South Jeddah, Dahban, Thuwal, Rabigh and Mastorah. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were recorded in water salinities and temperatures, nitrogen and phosphorus content in sediments, and antioxidant enzyme activities in different study sites. The highest salinity (40.75 ‰) and temperature (29.32°C) were recorded in the Rabigh mangrove stand, which corresponds to the lowest dissolved oxygen (5.21 mg/L). Total organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in sediment across the study areas were in the order Rabigh>Thuwal>Dahban>Al Lith>South Jeddah>Mastorah. Total nitrogen in mangrove leaves at Rabigh was the highest and about 1.3 times higher than the total nitrogen in South Jeddah mangrove ecosystem, very different from the ratio of total nitrogen in the sediments at Rabigh and South Jeddah mangrove ecosystems. The average values of δ13C (-17.60‰) and δ15N (2.84‰) in the six mangrove ecosystems, and the highest δ13C (-13.62‰) and δ15N (4.39‰) at Rabigh in the sediments suggest that nutrient input differed among study sites. Higher nutrient levels at Rabigh mangrove ecosystem were attributed to restricted circulation, camel grazing and land runoff with agricultural waste during seasonal flooding events. However, N limitation and possibly salinity contributed to stress in Al Lith, South Jeddah, Dahban, Thuwal, Rabigh, and Mastorah mangrove ecosystems. Salinity (r = 0.9012) contribute more to stress at Rabigh.
Self-protective and self-sacrificing preferences of pedestrians and passengers in moral dilemmas involving autonomous vehicles
Authors: Mayer Maike M. , Bell Raoul , Buchner Axel
Published: December 2021

Upon the introduction of autonomous vehicles into daily traffic, it becomes increasingly likely that autonomous vehicles become involved in accident scenarios in which decisions have to be made about how to distribute harm among involved parties. In four experiments, participants made moral decisions from the perspective of a passenger, a pedestrian, or an observer. The results show that the preferred action of an autonomous vehicle strongly depends on perspective. Participants’ judgments reflect self-protective tendencies even when utilitarian motives clearly favor one of the available options. However, with an increasing number of lives at stake, utilitarian preferences increased. In a fifth experiment, we tested whether these results were tainted by social desirability but this was not the case. Overall, the results confirm that strong differences exist among passengers, pedestrians, and observers about the preferred course of action in critical incidents. It is therefore important that the actions of autonomous vehicles are not only oriented towards the needs of their passengers, but also take the interests of other road users into account. Even though utilitarian motives cannot fully reconcile the conflicting interests of passengers and pedestrians, there seem to be some moral preferences that a majority of the participants agree upon regardless of their perspective, including the utilitarian preference to save several other lives over one’s own.
Do workers accumulate resources during continuous employment and lose them during unemployment, and what does that mean for their subjective well-being?
Authors: Pavlova Maria K.
Published: December 2021

Drawing on cumulative advantage/disadvantage and conservation of resources theories, I investigated changes in economic, social, and personal resources and in subjective well-being (SWB) of workers as they stayed continuously employed or continuously unemployed. I considered age, gender, and SES as potential amplifiers of inequality in resources and SWB. Using 28 yearly waves from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP 1985–2012), I conducted multilevel analysis with observations nested within participants. A longer duration of continuous employment predicted slightly higher economic resources and thereby slightly higher SWB over time. A longer organizational tenure had mixed effects on resources and predicted slight reductions in SWB via lower mastery. A longer duration of continuous unemployment predicted marked reductions mainly in economic but also in social resources, which led to modest SWB decreases. Younger workers, women, and workers with higher SES benefited from longer continuous employment and organizational tenure more. At the between-person level, some evidence for self-selection of less resourceful individuals into long-term or repeated unemployment emerged. The highly regulated German labor market and social security system may both dampen the rewards of a strong labor force attachment and buffer against the losses of long-term unemployment.
Alone but not lonely: The relationship between COVID-19 social factors, loneliness, depression, and suicidal ideation
Authors: Rabasco Ana , Corcoran Vincent , Andover Margaret
Published: December 2021

Objective

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been concerns that social distancing may negatively impact mental health, particularly with regards to loneliness, depressive symptoms, and suicidality. The current study explored how aspects of social distancing, communication, and online support from October 2020 to December 2020 related to loneliness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation.

Method

Participants (n = 216) who self-identified as having mental health diagnoses were recruited and completed questionnaires online.

Results

Findings showed that COVID-19 related social contact, particularly electronic social contact, is associated with decreased loneliness, suicidal ideation, and depression. Online emotional support was significantly associated with decreased loneliness and depressive symptoms. Social distancing practices were not associated with increased loneliness, suicidal ideation, and depression.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the importance of leveraging electronic methods of social connection, especially among individuals who are at risk for suicide or depression.
Estudio Descriptivo: Cumplimiento del estándar de estimación de la edad gestacional en la atención prenatal en un hospital general en Ecuador
Authors: Castro Perdoná Gleici DaSilva , Carrión Ordoñez José Gonzalo , Carrión Barreto María Elisa
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Gestational dating is an important requirement for decision-making during pregnancy; the World Health Organization recommends making the first ultrasound before week 24. Gestational age can also be estimated based on menstrual history. The aim of this study was to describe the rate of compliance of the standards for estimating gestational age in a general hospital in Machala, Ecuador. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study; the universe was the total of pregnant women who attended for prenatal care to Hospital General Machala, El Oro- Ecuador, between April 2017 and March 2020. The entire universe was studied. We collected data for the variables: age, parity, last menstrual period( LMP), menstrual age, early ultrasound, reliable gestational dating. RESULTS: 47.9% of the sample was 18 to 29 years old. 83.33% (195/234) patients complied with the weeks of amenorrhea registry. 75.21% (176/234) of patients complied with the recommendation of an early ultrasound, at 24 weeks or less. 1.28% did not have any method of gestational dating. 64% (n=149) of the sample underwent the first ultrasound until week 20. Of 140 patients who complied with having both gestational dating by reliable LMP and ultrasound, in 31/140 (22.1%) the gestational age given by LMP could not be confirmed with early ultrasound. CONCLUSION: We concluded that gestational dating obtained by weeks of amenorrhea was registered n 83.33% of the patients, this rate qualifies as regular compliance. An early ultrasound was performed, at ≤ 24 weeks, as recommended by WHO, in 75% of the patients, this rate qualifies as poor compliance.
Factores predisponentes y métodos de suicidio: Mini-revisión de la actualidad
Authors: Muñoz Palomeque Santiago Andrés , Peralta Castro Luis Enrique , Vera Pulla Raúl David , Clavijo Izquierdo María Eduarda
Published: December 2021

Suicide is a major global public health problem, especially among young and middle-aged adults. According to the WHO, worldwide, approximately 800 000 people commit suicide every year. Some predisposing factors for suicide are related to the personal sphere and are universal, such as biological conditions or psychiatric pathology, childhood adversities, as well as social and community perspective: housing situation, religion, social integration and support, unemployment, stress. The highest frequencies of occurrence have been found in males and in the age groups between 15 and 25 years, or over 65 years. Regarding suicide methods, there is a predilection for hanging in most countries, and although suicide methods do not differ much from one country to another, it should be considered that they vary according to the access to lethal methods. Men are reported to commit suicide more frequently using violent methods. A greater recognition of the risk factors and suicide methods used is necessary to raise awarenes among the population and prevention.
Agensi Kepemimpinan Perempuan: Entrepreneurship Umi Waheeda Di Pesantren Al Ashriyyah Nurul Iman, Parung, Bogor
Authors: Agustin Riska Dwi
Published: December 2021

Paper ini mengkaji pada agensi perempuan dalam melakukan kepemimpinan di pesantren. Fokus pada tipologi kepemimpinan Nyai di pesantren dengan strategi memimpin pesantren. Paper ini sekaligus memperkuat paper yang menjelaskan tentang perempuan yang memiliki peran besar dalam merawat, melestarikan, dan melakukan kepemimpinan. Perempuan dalam hal ini adalah Umi Waheeda dalam kesibukan pengajar, imam sholat, penceramah, dan pemimpin dalam pengambil keputusan. Salah satu keputusan yang menarik adalah pelaksanaan entrepreneurship di pesantren baik putra atau putri. Paper ini merupakan studi kasus tentang agensi perempuan sebagai pemimpin pesantren dari warisan kepemimpian suami. Umi Waheeda berhasil menciptakan strategi perubahan dengan fungsi pelatihan santri guna basic income pesantren dalam sosio entrepreneurship. Paper ini mempertegas bahwa konsep gender bukan hanya factor utama dalam menentukan kepemimpinan tapi masih banyak factor utama yang lain.[The paper examines women's agencies in taking leadership in Islamic boarding schools. Focus on Nyai leadership typology in pesantren with a strategy to lead the pesantren. The paper is also strengthen literature review that describes women who have a big power in caring for, preserving and taking leadership. The woman in this case is Umi Waheeda who is busy teaching, prayer priests, lecturers, and leaders in decision-making. One of the interesting decisions is the implementation of entrepreneurship in Islamic boarding schools both boys and girls. The paper is a case study of the agency of women as pesantren leaders from the past responsible of husbands' leadership. Umi Waheeda succeeded in creating a change strategy with the function of training santri for the basic income of pesantren in socio-entrepreneurship. The paper emphasizes that the concept of gender is not only the main factor in determining leadership but there are many other main factors.]
Solidaritas Janda: Pemberdayaan Perempuan di PJJI Armalah Yogyakarta
Authors: Rohinah Rohinah , Anisah Nisfi
Published: December 2021

Status Janda dapat menyebabkan subordinasi dan marginalisasi. Hal ini Nampak jelas pada perempuan yang sering mengalami pengucilan sosial dan perampasan ekonomi. Janda bukan hanya nasib kurang beruntung, miskin, dan orangtua tunggal akan tetapi sikap didiskriminasi adalah pemicu dari hilangnya hak ekspresi. Status janda juga menjadi sasaran kecurigaan dan tuduhan kejahatan moral. Paper ini bertujuan mengetahui spirit pendirian komunitas persaudaraan Janda-Janda Indonesia (PJJI) Armalah Yogyakarta serta program kegiatan dan program pendampingan atau advokasi. Hal tersebut mengeksplorasi kemungkinan agensi perempuan dan destigmatisasi dalam mobilisasi jejaring sosial pada penekanan nilai kehormatan sosial sebagai seorang ibu. Paper menunjukkan tata cara kerja PJJI Armalah yang fokus pada Janda dalam hak keadilan yang berlandaskan spirit cinta kasih dan persamaan kesejahteraan dalam nilai Pancasila. Hal ini mendorong para janda dalam sikap berani dan mandiri dalam kebenaran.[A widow condition talks the subordination and marginalization on Social frame. The Woman in status is especially evident in seeing the experience of social exclusion and economic deprivation. Widows are not only unlucky, poor, and single parents, but the attitude of being discriminated against is the trigger for the loss of the right to expression. The status of the widow was also putting to suspicion and allegations of moral crimes. This paper aims to find out the spirit of the establishment of the organization's human rights on persaudaraan Janda-Janda Indonesia (PJJI) Armalah Yogyakarta. It is as well as activities in advocacy programs. It explores the possibility of female agency and destigmatization in the social framework for the Social honor value as women and mothers. The paper shows the work procedures of PJJI Armalah which focuses on widows in the right of justice based on the spirit of love and equality. It puts welfare in the values of Pancasila. The idea encourages widows to be courageous and independent in righteousness.]
Status Hukum Khitan Perempuan (Perdebatan Pandangan Ulama dan Permenkes RI No.1636/MENKES/PER/XI/2010)
Authors: Azizah Aisyatul
Published: December 2021

Khitan bagi laki-laki adalah wajib. Hal ini berbeda dengan khitan perempuan. Permasalahan ini menuai kontroversi baik terkait praktik dan status hukum. Polemik besar bergulir pasca Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) berfatwa No. 9A tahun 2008. Legal himbauan ini mengatur pelarangan khitan terhadap perempuan. Pelarangan juga dimaklumatkan WHO (World Health Organitation), badan kesehatan dunia ini mengungkapkan dampak negatif pada praktik khitan perempuan. Data 140 juta perempuan mengalami pendarahan, gangguan buang air kecil, kista, dan kemandulan akibat berkhitan. LSM kemudian memvonis khitan perempuan berbahaya. Larangan tanpa tegas pada khitan perempuan juga diterbitkan kementerian Kesehatan yang membatalkan Permenkes Nomor 1636/MENKES/PER/XI/2010 dengan Permenkes Nomor 6 Tahun 2014. Hal ini menjadikan aturan khitan perempuan kurang jelas dimasyarakat. Dalam status Hukum Positif dan agama,tidak ada pelarangan maupun penganjuran secara mutlak. Namun demikian, khitan perempuan merupakan tradisi yangdipercaya sebagai penyempurna agama dalamajaran pada prilaku kesopanan. Di Indonesia, khitan perempuan dirayakan khusus dan sebagai argumen pelestarian adat dan budaya.[Circumcision for men is mandatory in Islamic Syari’ah. It is different from female circumcision. The issue is reaping controversy both practice and legal status. Public polemics is one reason in the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) fatwa No. 9A of 2008. The law stipulates the prohibition of female circumcision. The prohibition is announced by the WHO (World Health Organization), the world health agency that reveals negative things in female circumcision. Data on 140 million women experienced bleeding, urination problems, cysts, and infertility due to circumcision. NGOs is the next convicted female circumcision as a dangerous practice. Health Ministry also published an unequivocal prohibition on female circumcision, which canceled the Ministry rule (Permenkes) No. 1636 / MENKES / PER / XI / 2010 with Permenkes No. 6/2014. It makes the concept of rules for female circumcision less clear in society. In the status of positive law and religion, there is no absolute prohibition or recommendation. However, female circumcision is a culture believed as a religious accomplishment to make polite women. In Indonesia, female circumcision is special celebrations and argument for the preservation of tradition and culture.]
An Informetric Analysis of Relationship between Open Access Presence and Ranking of African Universities
Authors: Ezema Ifeanyi J. , Ugwuanyi Richard N.C
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between open access presence and ranking of African universities. It adopted descriptive informetric to examine open access presence of African countries using Directory of Open Access Repositories (DOAR) and Research Gate scores (RGs) of the universities. Data was also extracted from the Journal Consortium (an African university ranking organisation) for metrics on African university ranking. Data on African open access presence was correlated with university rankings. Findings reveal that only twenty-four countries in Africa have records in DOAR and Research gate. Four of the countries (South Africa, Egypt, Kenya and Nigeria) contribute more over 85% of open access records in Africa and the same produced 68% of the top 100 universities in Africa. The study found a highly significant positive but moderate correlation between open access presence and ranking of African universities. It concludes that African universities need to review their science policy in line with open access initiative to enhance the visibility and ranking of the university globally.
Evaluating the Performance of Engineering’s Students in Mathematic Subject based on Academic Decision-Making Techniques
Authors: Mhawes Abbas Atwan , Saedi Ahmed Yousif Falih , Al-Aqbi Ali Talib Qasim , Salman Lamees Abdalhasan
Published: December 2021

Data mining is characterized as a quest for useful knowledge via large quantities of data. Some basic and most common techniques for data extraction are association rules, grouping, clustering, estimation, sequence modeling. For a wide range of applications, data mining techniques are used. Techniques of data analysis are essential to the preparation and implementation of the administration of the learning system, including behavioral guidance and personal behavior appraisal. The article applies data analytical methods to the role of student classification. Several tests are used for the interpretation of the findings. In keeping with the methodology proposed in the paper, the classification using cognitive skills provides more detailed results than the findings of other study published. Five algorithms were used (J48, Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perception, K Star and SMO). This essay discusses and measures the application of the various algorithms so that factors affecting the success and failure of students can be identified, student performance can be estimated, and the significant consequences of the mathematics system for the second university year can be identified. However the number of exams can be minimized using data mining techniques. In terms of time and consequences, this shortened analysis plays a key role.
Problems of Inconsistency and Didactic Functions of ICT Tools in Computer Science Courses
Authors: Davletova Ainash , Kopeev Zhanat , Yermagambetova Madina , Kasymova Akmaral , Balgozhina Gulmira , Tazhigulova Almira
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to consider problems of continuity of computer science education at the school and university levels. This article analyses the main reasons for the lack of continuity at the tertiary level. The continuity of learning providing the interrelation between different levels of life-long learning is one of the approaches to solve the problem of improving the quality and efficiency of the educational process. The results of the study reveal that different levels of computer science training for school leavers are needed to solve this problem. In respect to the analysis of the main conditions for planning the teaching process, differentiated teaching is recommended as a good solution to the situation.
Estimating the Impact of Devaluation the Exchange Rate on Inflation: A Cause Study of Iraq Using ARDL Model
Authors: Fawaz Niam A. , Hamaad Saad A.
Published: December 2021

The exchange rate tool is one of the most important macroeconomic tools that affect many variables, including the general level of prices, investment, import and export. In the case of a deteriorating economy such as the Iraqi economy, which suffers from a high import rate of final goods and intermediate goods, which are considered inputs to production processes, means exit Foreign exchange to abroad that affects the position of the balance of payments and its imbalance. It is very abnormal for countries to reduce the value of their currency exchange for financing reasons related to financing their public budget deficit without taking into account macroeconomic variables. All of these matters reflect a clear confusion of the fiscal and the monetary policies. The results of the current study by using the ARDL model have proven the direct impact of currency devaluation on inflation.
Kajian Pustaka: Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat untuk Mencari Fasilitas Kesehatan dalam Penanganan Penyakit Tuberkulosis
Authors: Mbeong Ireneus Pape No , Erawati Meira
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The knowledge and behavior of the community in seeking health facilities for the treatment of tuberculosis were studied separately by previous researchers, so it is necessary to do a literature review to get a complete picture of this phenomenon. This study aims to obtain an overview of knowledge about tuberculosis and the behavior of people seeking health facilities in the treatment of tuberculosis in various previous studies.Methods: The study was a literature review. The sample of this study was eight articles, with inclusion criteria i.e. published in journals in the last 10 years, descriptive research, and full text. The articles were obtained through the search engines Science Direct, Scopus and Ebsco Host. The literature analysis was carried out by means of a narrative review and presented in a table.Results: The level of public knowledge about the causes of tuberculosis, signs and symptoms of the disease, modes of transmission, ways to prevent transmission, as well as knowledge that tuberculosis can be cured varied from low to high levels of knowledge. People take advantage of government and private health services, buy drugs at pharmacies, and go to traditional healers/traditional healers to get treatment for tuberculosis.Conclusion: There are still public misunderstandings about tuberculosis and obstacles in utilizing health facilities for the treatment of tuberculosis. Therefore, health education and counseling need to be improved so that public knowledge related to tuberculosis is getting better and has a positive impact on the behavior of seeking health facilities in the treatment of tuberculosis. It is necessary to conduct further studies on the factors that underlie people's behavior in seeking health facilities in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Kajian Literatur: Intervensi Religius Islam dan Dampaknya pada Pasien Stroke
Authors: Utami Suciari Tri , Handayani Fitria
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Stroke becomes the main factor of longterm disability. Changes in physical condition increase the risk of psychological disorders. Indonesian citizen has Islam religion mostly. The study of Islamic religious intervention was few. Religious interventions had been conducted however no review described the Islamic religious interventions and the impacts. This study aimed to describe the intervention of Islamic religious and its impacts among stroke patients. Methods: The research method used scoping review using databases such as Sciendirect, CINAHL, Medline, Taylor & Francis, JSTOR, PubMed, and search engine Google Advance. The criteria for the articles reviewed were articles in English or Indonesian with the SINTA index 1-2, articles published on 2010-2020, articles accessed in full text, method was quasi experiment or randomized control trial, articles were original research. The key words were Islamic spiritual or religious and stroke. Search results obtained five articles that required the inclusion criteria. Results: Review found that memorizing of Al Qur’an, listening Al Qur’an, motivation and prayer, salah prayer and Quranic teaching. Impacts of Islamic spiritual and religious intervention have positive impact in patient’s physiological and psychological such as increased functional communication, independence, improvement of neurological clinical outcome, motoric function, balance, motivation, quality of life, and decreased the anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Islamic spiritual or religious intervention in stroke survivor was the part nursing care that promising improved clinical outcome.
Dramaturgia fotografii. Między teorią a osobistym doświadczeniem (przypadek Rolanda Barthes’a)
Authors: Górska Irena
Published: December 2021

The article discusses Roland Barthes’ experience of photography and presents its distinctive dramaturgy, which emerges from the reflections of the author of The Light of Image. It is played out between attempts at a theoretical grasp of the essence of photography and a personal, intimate experience of being photographed, but also of being a spectator looking at various photographs. Barthes places this experience in two basic perspectives. The first is connected with the process of taking photographs and the second with the experience of the spectator. This also includes the experience of photography with one’s own image, which according to the author, is always an experience of oneself as someone else, and the experience of searching for “the truth of photography”, especially important in the context of the photographs of his deceased mother. It is significant in Barthes’s concept that he is talking about traditional photography which had a completely different character and performed different functions to digital images do today. Moreover, as the author notes, Barthes’s theoretical findings would be untenable in relation to digital photography.
Ku teatrowi agonistycznemu. Pippa Delbona Waleczność rycerska w Teatrze San Carlo
Authors: Woźniak Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The author aims to outline the dramatic work of the Italian director Pippo Delbon as establishing a theater of agon. From the state of research, she analyzes the staging of Pietro Mascagni’s Cavalleria rusticana and formulates the theory of Delbonos’s theater of agon based on M. de Certeau’s and W. Świątkowska’s papers and the theories of dramaturgy of Anna Krajewska and Dariusz Kosiński.
Interprète simultané par rapport à l’image
Authors: Woroch Justyna
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to signal the possible relationships between the simultaneous interpreter and the image in its widest sense. In this communicative situation, attention is first paid to the text of the oral presentation, the meaning of which is conveyed by the interpreter. However, this meaning is also made up of visual elements that the interpreter faces and which make the interpretation inter-semiotic and multimodal. Three different types of simultaneous interpreter/image relationships will be outlined: firstly, the whole interpreting communicative situation can become an image if remote interpretation is necessary, secondly, it is the speaker who can be understood as an image, thirdly, the speaker can refer to previously prepared images. Then, by means of a pilot study, it will be checked whether and how experienced simultaneous interpreters relate the speaker to the picture when the picture presented is not redundant with what is being said, but complements the speech. The main question is whether and how it will be verbalized. Possible ways of extending the study will also be discussed.
Extensive Leukoencephalopathy in Spastic Paraplegia Type 4: Possible Role of Cerebral Autosomal Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephelopathy
Authors: Jung Jin Ho , Seo Jung Hwa , Lee Sukyoon , Heo Young Jin , Kim Donghyun , Chung Eun Joo , Oh Seong-il
Published: December 2021

Despite recent advances in next-generation sequencing, the underlying etiology of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy has been difficult to elucidate. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a representative hereditary adult-onset leukoencephalopathy associated with vasculopathy. Leukoencephalopathy in spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) is known to be rare, but it might be underestimated because most spastic paraplegia with leukoencephalopathy is rarely considered. We report a case of co-occurring SPG4 and CADASIL. A 61-year-old male presented with sudden visual impairment after a headache. He showed a spastic gait and had a family history with similar symptoms. An SPG4 gene mutation and a pathogenic variant in the NOTCH3 gene were found. This case shows that the diverse and complex clinical manifestations of patients with extensive leukoencephalopathy are related to more than one gene mutation. We also suggest the necessity for relevant genetic tests in the diagnosis of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy.
Caribou and reindeer migrations in the changing Arctic
Authors: Joly Kyle , Gunn Anne , Côté Steeve D. , Panzacchi Manuela , Adamczewski Jan , Suitor Michael J. , Gurarie Eliezer
Published: December 2021

Caribou and reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, are the most numerous and socio-ecologically important terrestrial species in the Arctic. Their migrations are directly and indirectly affected by the seasonal nature of the northernmost regions, human development and population size; all of which are impacted by climate change. We review the most critical drivers of Rangifer migration and how a rapidly changing Arctic may affect them. In order to conserve large Rangifer populations, they must be allowed free passage along their migratory routes to reach seasonal ranges. We also provide some pragmatic ideas to help conserve Rangifer migrations into the future.
Understanding the dynamics of Arctic animal migrations in a changing world
Authors: Davidson Sarah C. , Ruhs Emily Cornelius
Published: December 2021

This is submitted as an introduction to the special collection on, “Arctic Migrations in a Changing World”.
GNSS time and frequency transfers through national positioning, navigation and timing infrastructure
Authors: Thongtan Thayathip , Sawatdiaree Sivinee , Satirapod Chalermchon
Published: December 2021

GNSS signals have been a practical time transfer tool to realise a Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and set civilian clocks around the world with respect to this atomic time standard. UTC time scale is maintained by the International Bureau of Weights and Measurements (BIPM) adjusted to be close to a time scale based on the Earth’s rotation. In Thailand, the official atomic time clocks are maintained by the National Institute of Metrology Thailand (NIMT) to produce UTC(NIMT) and Thailand standard time which is always 7 hours ahead of UTC(NIMT) because of the time zone differences between Greenwich and Bangkok. National Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) infrastructure comprises of GNSS geodetic receivers uniformly distributed to continually observe GNSS signals, mainly for geodetic survey applications both real-time and post-processing services. NIMT is involved in order to provide time link to UTC and to determine the characteristics of GNSS receiver internal clocks; namely, fractional frequency offset and frequency stabilities by applying the GNSS time transfer techniques of common-view algorithms. Monitored time differences with respect to UTC(NIMT) are achieved from selected 4 ground stations in different parts of the country with observations of 21 days in order to determine the frequency stability at 1-day and 7-day modes. GNSS standard log files; in RINEX format, at these receivers are transformed into a time transfer standard format; CGGTTS, used to compute the time differences between two stations, the fractional frequency offset and the frequency stability. Averaged fractional frequency offsets are

2.8
×

10

−
13

Hertz/Hertz

2.8\times {10^{-13}}\hspace{2.38387pt}\text{Hertz/Hertz}

and computed Allan deviation is around

1.5
×

10

−
13

Hertz/Hertz

1.5\times {10^{-13}}\hspace{2.38387pt}\text{Hertz/Hertz}

for an averaging time of 1 day. The comparison of the national time scale and receiver clock offsets of every receivers in this national GNSS PNT infrastructure could be accomplished through common-view time transfer using GNSS satellites to maintain the time link of geodetic active control points to UTC as well as to determine receiver internal clock characteristics.
Data on Digital Transformation in the German Socio-Economic Panel
Authors: Fedorets Alexandra , Kirchner Stefan , Adriaans Jule , Giering Oliver
Published: December 2021

Public debates and current research on “digitalization” suggest that digital technologies could profoundly transform the world of work. While broad claims are common in these debates, empirical evidence remains scarce. This calls for reliable data for empirical research and evidence-based policymaking. We implemented a data module in the Socio-Economic Panel to gather information on digitalization in three domains: artificial intelligence (AI), platform work, and digitalized workplace. This paper describes the existing approaches to measure technological exposure, the challenges in operationalization of digital transformation in a household survey, the implemented questionnaire items, and the research potential of this new data.
International Academy of Perinatal Medicine (IAPM) guidelines for screening, prediction, prevention and management of pre-eclampsia to reduce maternal mortality in developing countries
Authors: Stefanovic Vedran
Published: December 2021

Approximately 800 women die from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications around the world every day, 99% of which occur in developing countries. In majority of cases deaths are related to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. The purpose of new adjusted and simplified IAPM guidelines is specifically lowering maternal mortality by decreasing preventable deaths in developing countries (particularly in remote rural areas) by using rather cheap medicines used to control chronic and gestational hypertension, prevent pre-eclampsia in high-risk pregnancies and treat severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. IAPM guidelines should be implemented and evaluated in each developing country respecting specific problems, needs and resources. It is of essential importance to: 1. Identify specific high-risk pregnancies, 2. Commence timely appropriate ASA and calcium supplementation, 3. Organize basic antenatal care and adequate referral of pregnancies with early onset of pre-eclampsia to the appropriate institutions and ensure induction of labour in well-equipped delivery facility for women with near-term and term pre-eclampsia 4. Ensure magnesium sulphate availability to prevent severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia-related maternal deaths, and 5. Identify specific barriers for implementation of these guidelines and correct them accordingly. Only by systematic implementations of these guidelines, we may have a chance to decrease the mortality of pre-eclampsia an its complications as a killer number one of mothers in developing countries.
WindMelt
Authors: Kalchschmid Vincent , Hartmann Christoph , Angerer Kerstin , Roth Stefan , Rösch Martin , Hohmann Andrea , Günther Daniel , Volk Wolfram
Published: December 2021

Durch den zunehmenden Ausbau der regenerativen Energieerzeugung entstehen immer häufiger Netzengpässe, es steht also mehr Strom zur Verfügung als das Netz transportieren kann. Über das sogenannte Einspeisemanagement, werden die Anlagen dann häufig abgeschaltet. Um die Energiewende ökologisch und ökonomisch zu gestalten, ist es jedoch erforderlich, alternative Lösungen zu finden und zu etablieren. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird beschrieben, welche Potenziale sich durch das Aufschmelzen von Aluminium direkt am Windrad, mit anschließendem Flüssigmetalltransport zu Gießereien ergeben können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Ansatz zur Direktnutzung von Windstrom sowohl eine attraktive Möglichkeit zur Dekarbonisierung der energieintensiven Gießereibranche bietet als auch Kostenvorteile für die Gießereien und dezentralen Schmelzdienstleister erwirken kann.
Personaleinsatzplanung in der Logistik
Authors: Haid Charlotte , Unruh Charlotte , Pröger Isabel , Fottner Johannes , Büthe Tim
Published: December 2021

Die Digitalisierung führt zu vielfältigen Veränderungen in der Logistik. Immer mehr Daten stehen zur Verfügung, die detaillierte Prognosen über Maschinen oder Bedarfe ermöglichen. Mitarbeiterdaten erlauben es Unternehmen, prozessuralen Mehrwert durch die Bewegungs- oder Leistungsanalyse des Arbeitstages zu erreichen. Dies kann aber für die Mitarbeiter nachteilige Konsequenzen haben. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der dem entgegenwirkt, indem die Mitarbeiterpräferenzen in die Personaleinsatzplanung einbezogen werden. In der menschzentrierten, d. h. am Wohlbefinden der Mitarbeiter ausgerichteten, Entwicklung des Systems werden insbesondere ethische Bedenken frühzeitig aufgenommen und berücksichtigt. Fairness, Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit, Autonomie und der Schutz der Privatsphäre der Mitarbeiter sind Leitsätze, die die Gestaltung des Systems bestimmen.
Wertstromkinematik – Produktionssysteme neu gedacht
Authors: Kimmig Andreas , Schöck Moritz , Mühlbeier Edgar , Oexle Florian , Fleischer Jürgen
Published: December 2021

Industrie 4.0 gilt als einer der Trends des letzten Jahrzehnts, stellt bisher jedoch im Wesentlichen eine digitale Innovation dar. Für eine volle Ausschöpfung des Potenzials müssen auch hardwareseitig die Produktionsmaschinen und -systeme der Zukunft grundlegend neu gedacht werden. Das Forschungsvorhaben Wertstromkinematik (kurz: WSK) setzt an dieser Stelle an. Dieses neuartige Produktionskonzept sieht die Gestaltung ganzer Produktionen anhand der Verkettung mehrerer Maschinen einer baugleichen, roboterähnlichen Kinematik vor. Die daraus resultierende Wandlungsfähigkeit ermöglicht eine volle Ausschöpfung des Potenzials von Industrie 4.0. Nachdem im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags der Schwerpunkt auf der Planung und Steuerung der roboterähnlichen Kinematiken lag, steht in dem hier vorliegenden zweiten Teil die Planung ganzer Produktionsanlagen im Fokus.
Hyperconnected Ecosystems für industrielle Netzwerke
Authors: Jäkel Frank-Walter , Gering Patrick , Knothe Thomas
Published: December 2021

Das Hyperconnected Ecosystems für industrielle Netzwerke wird definiert als die Vernetzung aller relevanten Informationen und deren Erreichbarkeit jederzeit und von überall (hyperconnected). Barrieren zwischen Netzwerkpartnern bzgl. Datenbereitstellung und Zugriff werden reduziert und an aktuelle Anforderungen ausgerichtet. Die Evolution des Netzwerkes wird durch dessen dynamische Anpassbarkeit und flexible Einbindung von Diensten ermöglicht. Schlussendlich soll jede erforderliche Information an jedem Ort sofort in einer bearbeitbaren Form und möglichst ohne Aufwand verfügbar sein. Die Metapher des sozialen Netzwerks, in denen sich Partner finden und nach Bedarf Daten und Leistungen austauschen, dient als Basis für die Strukturen im Netzwerk. Dabei müssen industrielle Anforderungen nach Sicherheit, Souveränität und Transparenz integriert werden. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Vision eines Hyperconnected Ecosystem für industrielle Netzwerke und erste Ansätze zu dessen Umsetzung.
Control of thermal regime of thermoelectric coolers inuniform temperature field
Authors: Zaykov Vladimir P. , Mescheryakov Vladimir I. , Zhuravlov Yurii I.
Published: December 2021

The possibility of using a complex of thermoelectric coolers to control the thermal regime of heat-loaded elements of radio electronic equipment, the parameters of which significantly depend on the temperature conditions of operation, is considered.The analysis was carried out for conditions of the same level of cooling of semiconductor elements for typical temperature drops, rangeof dissipation power, current modes of operation, and geometry of thermoelement legs.It is shown that it is rational to use distributed active cooling systems to ensure the required thermal regime of spatially distributed heat-loaded elements with different dissipation power. To ensure the required thermal conditions, it is proposed to use both individual and group variants of the structure layout: heat-loaded element-thermoelectric cooler-radiator.The developed mathematical models of the relationship between the number of thermoelements and the thermal load, the power consumption with the temperature difference and the operating current are analyzed. Models of the main operational characteristics of coolers that are significant for control systems are presented: the relative failure rate and the time to reach a stationary mode.The results of calculations of the main parameters, reliability indicators and dynamic characteristics for an individual version of the layout of thermoelectric coolers with different dissipation power and current operating modes are presented. The group diagram of the arrangement of the object-cooler with series connection and located on the same heat sink and their comparative analysis is considered. When choosing the current mode, it is necessary to take into account the mutual influence and weight of each of the limiting factors, by varying which, when designing the complex and thermoelectric coolers, it is possible to choose compromise modes of operation.
Informational aspectsatmodel of power consumption by main drainage facilities of iron-ore mining enterprises
Authors: Sinchuk Oleg N. , Strzelecki Ryszard , Sinchuk Igor O. , Kupin Andriy I. , Beridze Tаtiana М. , Budnikov Кyrylo V.
Published: December 2021

The work investigates into variable informational approaches to modeling power consumption by main drainage facilities of ore mining enterprises with underground mining method. Methodological recommendations for using the models are also designed. The research deals with general methodological approaches to model formation with both power consumption indices fordrainage facilities and corresponding costs. Logistics of model formationis substantiated, namely,combination of classic multifactor regression modeling with modern digital modeling methods –automated control systems used for drainage facilities.Principles of building fuzzy logic controllers and algorithms of their functioning under multichannel control are determined in detail. Theimproved fuzzy logic-based variant is proposed and combined,with correlation analysis,to provide the basis for developing algorithms of the automated control systemsof electric power consumption. There is an example of developinga “road map”for implementinga generalized algorithm forautomated control systemspower flowsfor two current cases –a selective tariff with limiteddaily contract-based powerconsumption and that witha variable tariff.It is established that application of the two-rate hourly tariff with its conditional distribution (Night/Peak) instead of thethree-ratetariff(Night/Half-Peak/Peak) on a single-use basis leads to a thirteen percentincrease ofdailypowercostswith a single-channel controloftheore flow and a sevenpercent increase withtwo-channel control(ore flow and drainage simultaneously). The use of fuzzylogiccontrollers enables minimizing these losses.
Fatigue Characteristic and Weibull Analysis of Sustainable Rubberwood Flour/Recycled Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Mustafa Z. , Nawi T. M. I , Fadzullah S.H.S.M. , Shamsudin Z. , Malingam S. D. , Ratanawilai T.
Published: December 2021

Although there is a perpetual interest in natural fibre composite, the fatigue data and their durability behaviour is still lacking, thus limiting their potential use in high-end applications. In this study, wood polymer composite made from rubberwood flour and recycled polypropylene was subjected to a tension-tension fatigue test in order to investigate their fatigue characteristic. Hysteresis loop was captured in order to establish their stress to number of failure (S-N) curve. The fatigue strength of the composite strongly depends on the stress amplitude. At the lowest stress level, the fatigue life of the composite exceeds the 1.5 million cycles limit, suggesting that the endurance limit for composite materials to be 11.06 MPa. The residual modulus and energy dissipated are plotted as a function of number of fatigue cycles. As the cycles progress, the residual modulus fall and dissipated energy increase indicated the cyclic damage in the composite structure. Two parameters Weibull probability were used to statically analyse the fatigue life and reliability of the rubberwood/recycled polypropylene composite. The S-N curve was plotted at different reliability index (RI = 0.1, 0.368, 0.5, 0.9, 0.99) using Weibull data. This data is used to identify the first failure time and design limits of the materials.