bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frontotemporal Lobar Dementia Mutant Tau Impairs Axonal Transport through a Protein Phosphatase 1γ-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Combs Benjamin , Christensen Kyle R. , Richards Collin , Kneynsberg Andrew , Mueller Rebecca L. , Morris Sarah L. , Morfini Gerardo A. , Brady Scott T. , Kanaan Nicholas M.
Published: October 2021

Pathologic tau modifications are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, but mechanisms of tau toxicity continue to be debated. Inherited mutations in tau cause early onset frontotemporal lobar dementias (FTLD-tau) and are commonly used to model mechanisms of tau toxicity in tauopathies. Previous work in the isolated squid axoplasm model demonstrated that several pathogenic forms of tau inhibit axonal transport through a mechanism involving activation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Here, we determined that P301L and R5L FTLD mutant tau proteins elicit a toxic effect on axonal transport as monomeric proteins. We evaluated interactions of wild-type or mutant tau with specific PP1 isoforms (α, β, and γ) to examine how the interaction contributes to this toxic effect using primary rat hippocampal neurons from both sexes. Pull-down and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer experiments revealed selective interactions of wild-type tau with PP1α and PP1γ isoforms, but not PP1β, which were significantly increased by the P301L tau mutation. The results from proximity ligation assays confirmed the interaction in primary hippocampal neurons. Moreover, expression of FTLD-linked mutant tau in these neurons enhanced levels of active PP1, also increasing the pausing frequency of fluorescently labeled vesicles in both anterograde and retrograde directions. Knockdown of PP1γ, but not PP1α, rescued the cargo-pausing effects of P301L and R5L tau, a result replicated by deleting a phosphatase-activating domain in the amino terminus of P301L tau. These findings support a model of tau toxicity involving aberrant activation of a specific PP1γ-dependent pathway that disrupts axonal transport in neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTau pathology is closely associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, but the toxic mechanisms remain a debated topic. We previously proposed that pathologic tau forms induce dysfunction and degeneration through aberrant activation of a PP1-dependent pathway that disrupts axonal transport. Here, we show that tau directly interacts with specific PP1 isoforms, increasing levels of active PP1. Pathogenic tau mutations enhance this interaction, further increasing active PP1 levels and impairing axonal transport in isolated squid axoplasm and primary hippocampal neurons. Mutant-tau-mediated impairment of axonal transport was mediated by PP1γ and a phosphatase-activating domain located at the amino terminus of tau. This work has important implications for understanding and potentially mitigating tau-mediated neurotoxicity in tauopathies.
The Edited Collection and the Advancement of Late Antiquity
Authors: Mayer Wendy
Published: October 2021

In this major review essay, two recent edited collections serve as a prompt to reflect more deeply on the contribution of edited collections as a whole to the advancement of knowledge in the field of Late Antiquity. The impact of the pressures brought to bear on the genre by publishers, employers, and funders in the current academic-capitalist environment is discussed. It is argued that the genre across the majority of its subcategories continues to have significant value for the field.
Task Performance: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (I)
Authors: Gao Xingyuan , Chen Hongyan , Wu Jie , Huang Jingzhong
Published: October 2021

Task Performance is greatly significant in the field of education. The OECD defines Task Performance as the ability to function based on conscientiousness in the “Big Five” personality domains. People with high Task Performance tend to also have significant conscientiousness. In other words, they are more self-controlled, more responsible, and more persistent. As a result, they focus well on tasks and earn better grades. Task Performance includes self-control, responsibility, and perseverance.
Emotional Regulation: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (II)
Authors: Zhi Liu , Zhu Ruirui , Cui Haili , Huang Jingzhong
Published: October 2021

Recently, an article published in the Journal of East China Normal University (Education Sciences) was based on the data of 10-year-old and 15-year-old students in Suzhou City, China participating in the OECD social and emotional ability assessment. The study used descriptive statistics, difference testing, regression analysis, and other statistical methods to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the emotional regulation performance of Suzhou students.
Después de entonces. La pervivencia del exilio
Authors: Mora García José Luis
Published: October 2021

A partir de algunas ideas de María Zambrano y otros exiliados se ofrece una reflexión a modo de mirada plural sobre la experiencia del exilio que no solo afecta a quienes la sufren sino a la sociedad de la que son expulsados. En segundo lugar, se analizan las dificultades en la restauración del espacio y tiempo históricos dando cuenta de los silencios y de los esfuerzos realizados en ese complejo proceso. Finalmente, queda planteada la ambivalente experiencia humana que simboliza la expresión “el hambre y la esperanza”.
Destierro y género: condiciones e influencias del exilio mexicano en las artistas españolas tras la Guerra Civil
Authors: Barreno García Irene
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo pretende contribuir a una línea de investigación poco explorada hasta ahora: aquella que tiene por objeto de estudio la vida y obra de las artistas exiliadas en México al finalizar la guerra civil española. La experiencia del destierro influirá en estas mujeres de muy diversas formas, que afectarán tanto a su construcción identitaria en el país de llegada como a su producción artística. Pese a que la labor de la Historia del Arte debería ser la de recuperar sus testimonios, esta disciplina ha tendido a olvidarse de ellas, incluso en mayor medida que de sus compañeros varones. Se analizarán aquí por ello algunas implicaciones que tuvo el exilio particularmente para el género femenino, y se pondrán sobre la mesa distintas influencias y consecuencias que la migración tuvo para estas artistas a nivel de técnica, de soportes, de temas y de iconografías representadas.
Carreras extraordinarias. Los cardenales-embajadores Francesco y Troiano Acquaviva d’Aragona, perfiles biográficos y propuestas de estudio (1714-1747)
Authors: Ricci Roberto
Published: October 2021

La acción diplomática y política de los cardenales Francesco y Troiano Acquaviva d’Aragona se inserta, por su importancia y originalidad, en las relaciones entre el Papado y las monarquías borbónicas de España y Nápoles durante la primera mitad del Setecientos. Cardenales embajadores de Felipe V y Carlos III de Borbón en Roma y protectores de sus coronas en la Santa Sede, desarrollaron al más alto nivel —tanto italiano como europeo— las tradicionales carreras curiales de las familias de potentados meridionales. La obra de ambos purpurados, entrelazada con los intereses de la Iglesia y de la Casa de Borbón, se relacionó estrechamente con la salvaguardia del “Estado de Atri”, en el Abruzzo, uno de los mayores feudos del reino de Nápoles. Esto tuvo lugar merced a la estrecha correspondiencia con sus duques, Giovan Girolano II Acquaviva y Domenico Acquaviva, con lo que pudieron asegurar su titularidad y dominio pese a las problemáticas suscitadas por su posicionamiento filoborbónico tras la muerte de Carlos II de España.
supply of the Neapolitan army between the 18th and 19th centuries. Giacinto Cafiero asientive active de viveri e foraggi
Authors: Odore Angelo
Published: October 2021

This article, following the scholarship on war and society studies, “[…] aims to reconstruct the rise of Don Giacinto Cafiero, experienced merchant, and one of the most important asientist active in the Kingdom of Naples between the 1799 Revolution and the French decade (1806-1815). In detail, the article tries to clarify the tricky role of Cafiero, his commercial activity, his profits and his logistical network during the years of the “Partito Generale de Viveri e foraggi” (1800-1804). Therefore, we shall reconstruct the most important aspects of this task such as bread-making or the supplying of garrisons, fortresses and prisons. Furthermore, the description will also deal with some collateral questions including piracy issues, port administration and charter contracts.
Algunas consideraciones sobre el Centro Naval durante la Primera Guerra mundial 1914-1918
Authors: Desiderato Agustín Daniel
Published: October 2021

Las investigaciones sobre las repercusiones de la Primera Guerra Mundial en la República Argentina han sido dinámicas en los últimos tiempos, más allá de la neutralidad del país y de su distanciamiento de los principales frentes de batalla. No obstante, algunas cuestiones todavía permanecen mayormente desatendidas. Una de ellas es cómo y de qué forma la contienda impactó en las Fuerzas Armadas, en especial, en el funcionamiento de los clubes y centros militares. Para ello se tomará el caso del Centro Naval, institución que reunía a la mayor parte de la oficialidad de la Armada Argentina, entre 1914 y 1918, mediante el análisis de dos cuestiones: primero, su actividad social, a saber, los encuentros, reuniones y visitas que tuvieron lugar en sus instalaciones; segundo, la composición y el tipo de contenido que emitió su principal publicación, el Boletín del Centro Naval.
diferentes modelos forales de la UCD en la descentralización de las provincias vasco-navarras (1977)
Authors: Echevarría Pérez-Agua Juan José
Published: October 2021

En 1977, en las primeras elecciones democráticas de la Monarquía restaurada, la coalición Unión de Centro Democrático (UCD) solo se presentó en tres de las cuatro provincias vasco-navarras. Pese a ello, logró convertirse, en dicho ámbito, en la tercera fuerza electoral, tras el Partido Socialista de Euskadi-PSOE y el Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV). La formación acudió con un planteamiento favorable a la descentralización territorial, aunque no clarificado en cuanto a su marco geográfico: provincial o regional. Pese a ello, la propuesta de la UCD era no solamente foralista sino que, además, en sus dos variantes, hundía sus raíces en la foralidad. Hasta tal punto que esta posibilitó la vía autonómica provincial en Navarra, como quería la UCD de ese territorio, y la regional en las provincias vascongadas, como pretendía la de Vizcaya, pero conformado el ente unitario de un modo igualitario entre las provincias constituyentes, como logró la de Álava.
Jaunieji rašytojai sovietmečio literatūros lauke: institucinių darinių vaidmuo
Authors:   , Vasiliauskas Saulius
Published: October 2021

Young Writers in the Soviet Literary Field: The Role of Institutional Structures
Viršutinio permo ichtiofaunos taksonomija, paleoekologija ir biostratigrafija Baltijos šalyse ir Lenkijoje
Authors:   , Dankina Darja
Published: October 2021

Late Permian fish from Baltic States and Poland: taxonomy, palaeoecologyand biostratigraphy
Challenges for 2030 in maternal care, newborn and under 5 years old
Authors: Reyna Lara Mauricio
Published: October 2021

The objective is to emphasize the importance on the subject of maternal morbidity and mortality, newborns, children under 5 years old, to meet the goal of transformation in the 2030 agenda towards sustainable development. One of the objective is health and well-being in order to guarantee universal access to sexual and reproductive health services, including family planning, information and education, with the integration of cross-cutting public policies and legal norms that allow the attention of the health service for women (before pregnancy, during pregnancy and after), as well as newborns and before the age of five
Improving the effectiveness of the referral process in a tertiary NICU using lean methodology concepts
Authors: Ganado Claudia Chetcuti , Dabbour Sherif , Fatin Yasin
Published: October 2021

Aim: To reduce the administrative time trainees spent when completing a patient referral to specialist teams in a tertiary Neonatal Intensive care setting. Methods: We designed a pre intervention and post intervention questionnaire completed prospectively by trainees describing the tasks they needed to undertake to complete a referral, the time perceived as ‘wasted’ and suggest potential solutions over a 2 month period between 1st June 2020 and 1st August 2020. We used Lean methodology to identify waste as steps that did not add value to quality patient care. We designed a NICU referral directory containing the standard operating steps, the appropriate proformas and contact details of receiving unit, a process algorithm and a collective consultant email address. Results: Our project achieved a reduction in the median time to complete a referral from 27.5 minutes to 6 minutes (p = 0.0087). The time perceived ‘wasted’ by trainees was reduced from 20 minutes to 0 minutes (p=0.006). Conclusion: Our project is a simple intervention and supports using Lean methodologies to identify waste and bring about quick improvements without significant capital investments. We demonstrate how front line staff can be engaged in identifying inefficiencies, suggest solutions which help in the successful adoption and sustainability of quality improvements.
TOR regulates plant development and plantmicroorganism interactions
Authors: Carrillo-Flores Elizabeth , Pazos-Solis Denni Mariana , Diaz-Bellacetin Frida Paola , Fierros-Romero Grisel , Beltran-Pena Elda , Mellado-Rojas Maria Elena
Published: October 2021

The adaptation of plants to their ever-changing environment denotes a remarkable plasticity of growth that generates organs throughout their life cycle, by the activation of a group of pluripotent cells known as shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem. The reactivation of cellular proliferation in both meristems by means of TOR, Target Of Rapamycin, depends on specific signals such as glucose and light. TOR showed a significant influence in plant growth, development and nutrient assimilation as well as in microorganism interactions such as infection resistance, plant differentiation and root node symbiosis. This review highlights the pathways and effects of TOR in the sensing of environmental signals throughout the maturing of different plant species
DYNAMICS OF GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ASSOCIATIONS WITH OBESITY
Authors:   State Scientific Institution “Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Kiev, Ukraine, Todurov I.M. , Kosiukhno S.V. ,   State Scientific Institution “Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Kiev, Ukraine, Perekhrestenko O.V. ,   State Scientific Institution “Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Kiev, Ukraine, Kalashnikov O.O. ,   State Scientific Institution “Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Kiev, Ukraine, Potapov O.А. ,   State Scientific Institution “Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Kiev, Ukraine, Plehutsa О.І. ,   State Scientific Institution “Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Kiev, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) proved to be a valuable procedure for treating obesity complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism of T2DM resolution after LSG is not yet clearly defined. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of LSG on the secretion of GLP-1 in patients with T2DM associated with obesity. Plasma GLP-1 levels were evaluated by starvation and 15, 30, 60 and 90 min after the standard carbohydrate preload for breakfast, which included 125 ml of balanced high energy Nutricia Nutridrink Protein. Evaluations were made on the eve of the procedure, for 4 days and 3 months after the operation. In 7 patients with T2DM were diagnosed for the first time, in 3 patients with diabetic history 2 years, in 1 patient – 3.5 years and in 1 patient – 10 years. Mean glycated hemoglobin before surgery was 7.7 ± 1.6%, 3 months after LSG – 5.9 ± 0.4%. The concentration of GLP-1 in 30 minutes before surgery was 6.7 ± 0.9 ng/ml. On the 4th day after LSG, the mean level of GLP-1 was 9.6 ± 0.2 ng/ml, which statistically differed from its level in the pre-operative period, and after 3 months the mean level of GLP-1 statistically increased to 13.7 ± 0.3 ng/ml. Thus LSG leads to an early and significant increase in post-prandial secretion GLP-1 in T2DM patients associated with obesity. The rapid postoperative improvement in signs of carbohydrate metabolism indicates the importance of the incretin effect LSG in the implementation of early compensation mechanisms for T2DM and explains the metabolic activity of this operation.
The features of metabolism and structural organization of dental system under conditions of experimental insulin resistance
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Guranych S.P. , Bagriy М.М. ,   Institute of the Pathology and Cytology, Clinik of Medical School of Brandenburg, Neuruppin,Germany, Guranych T.V. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Voronych-Semchenko N.М. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Peculiarities of calcium homeostasis, the activity of energy synthesis enzymes and structural organization of the dental system in rats under conditions of insulin resistance were analyzed. It was found that impaired glucose tolerance is manifested by a decreased mineralizing ability of hard tissues of alveolar processes and teeth, accompanied by a decrease in calcium content in erythrocyte mass and alveolar processes and an increase in acid phosphatase activity in blood serum. In rats with insulin resistance a decrease in the activity of lactate- and succinate dehydrogenase was detected. Degenerative changes were observed in the bone thickness of the dental area of insulin resistant rats, which were accompanied by the development of hypercellularity of the osteogenic layer of periosteum. Reactive changes in the tooth pulp were manifested by a decrease in the area of its loose connective tissue. Hyperplastic changes with the formation of unexpressed acanthotic bands developed in the oral mucosa of experimental animals, the thickness of the basal and granular layers increased against the background of a decrease in the prickle layer of epitheliocytes. In experimental group we observed a decrease in the nuclear cytoplasmic index and an increase in keratin formation in the epithelium. A narrowing of the lumen of capillaries and arterioles of the dental area, hyperplasia of endothelial cells and an increased accumulation of glycoproteins, especially in small arteries, were also detected in experimental group. Thus, altered carbohydrate metabolism leads to the metabolic changes of teeth supporting apparatus and oral mucosa, aggravating the course of insulin resistance with the development of dental system pathology.
Possible Modification of the Standard Cosmological Model to Resolve a Tension with Hubble Constant Values
Authors: Parnovsky S.L.
Published: October 2021

The tensions concerning the values of Hubble constant obtained from the early and the late Universe data pose a significant challenge to modern cosmology. Possible modifications of the flat homogeneous isotropic cosmological ΛCDM model are considered, in which the Universe contains the dark energy, cold baryonic matter, and dark matter. They are based on general relativity and satisfy two requirements: (1) the value of the Hubble constant calculated from the value of the Hubble parameter at the recombination by formulas of the flat ΛCDM model, should be equal to 92% of the one based on low-redshift observations; (2) deviations from the ΛCDM model should not lead to effects that contradict astronomical observations and estimations obtained thereof. The analysis showed that there are few opportunities for the choice. Either we should consider DM with negative pressure −pdmc2 ≪ pdm < 0, which weakly affects the evolution of the Universe and the observed manifestations of DM, or we should admit the mechanism of generation of new matter, for example, by the dark energy decay.
Pediatric Fatalities Associated With Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Medications
Authors: Halmo Laurie Seidel , Wang George Sam , Reynolds Kate M. , Delva-Clark Heather , Rapp-Olsson Malin , Banner William , Bond G. Randall , Kauffman Ralph E. , Palmer Robert B. , Paul Ian M. , Green Jody L. , Dart Richard C.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

In 2008, over-the-counter cough and cold medications (CCMs) underwent labeling changes in response to safety concerns, including fatalities, reported in children exposed to CCMs. The objective of this study is to describe fatalities associated with exposures to CCMs in children <12 years old that were detected by a safety surveillance system from 2008 to 2016.

METHODS

Fatalities in children <12 years old that occurred between 2008 and 2016 associated with oral exposure to one or more CCMs were identified by the Pediatric Cough and Cold Safety Surveillance System. An expert panel reviewed all cases to determine the causal relationship between the exposure and death, if the intent of exposure was therapeutic, and if the dose was supratherapeutic. Other contributing factors related to the child’s death were also identified as part of a root cause analysis.

RESULTS

Of the 180 eligible fatalities captured during the study period, 40 were judged by the expert panel to be either related or potentially related to the CCM. Of these, the majority (n = 24; 60.0%) occurred in children <2 years old and involved nontherapeutic intent (n = 22; 55.0%). The most frequently involved index ingredient was diphenhydramine (n = 28; 70.0%). In 6 cases (n = 6; 15.0%), the CCM was administered to murder the child. In another 7 cases (n = 7; 17.5%), death followed the intentional use of the CCM to sedate the child.

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric fatalities associated with CCMs occurred primarily in young children after deliberate medication administration with nontherapeutic intent by a caregiver.
The discovery of Coptodon guineensis (Günther, 1862) (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in the Moulay Bousselham lagoon extends the species’ range 1000 km northward in Morocco 
Authors: Ainou Hala , Louizi Halima , Rahmouni Imane , Pariselle Antoine , Benhoussa Abdelaziz , Berrada Rkhami Ouafae , Agnèse Jean-François
Published: October 2021

Two specimens of Coptodon guineensis (Günther, 1862) were unexpectedly found in the Canal de Nador, Moulay Bousselham lagoon, almost 1000 km north of the Aabar River the northernmost river previously recorded. To confirm this identification nineteen measurements were recorded from each specimen and compared with other specimens of C. guineensis from Morocco and Mauritania. The COI gene was partially sequenced and compared with formerly published sequences of Coptodon species of the region. Both morphology and DNA revealed no differences with specimens from known populations of C. guineensis in Morocco.
Profil Komunikasi Matematika Tulis Siswa SMP dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau dari Kepribadian Extrovert dan Introvert
Authors: Permatasari Dwi , Setianingsih Rini
Published: October 2021

Communication is important in mathematics learning. This study aims to describe the written mathematics communication profile of junior high school students in solving mathematics problems reviewed from extrovert-introvert personality. The subjects of this study consist of one introvert student and one extrovert student, while the instruments used were the Myers Briggs Type Indicators personality questionnaire, math ability tests, and written mathematics communication tests. The results of this study revealed that introvert student fulfilled the accuracy and completeness aspect at the stage of understanding the problems, devising a plan, and carrying out the plan. Meanwhile, the extrovert students fulfill the accuracy aspect only at the stage of understanding the problem. Besides that, extrovert students fulfill the completeness aspect at the stage of carrying out the plan and looking back. Introvert and extrovert students do not fulfill the fluency aspect. So that introvert students' written mathematics communication is better than extrovert students.
Kemampuan Argumentasi Peserta Didik dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Pembuktian Kongruensi Segitiga Ditinjau dari Perbedaan Gender
Authors: Sholihah Nadia Ummi , Sadieda Lisanul Uswah , Sutini Sutini
Published: October 2021

This research aims to describe the argumentative abilities of male and female students to solve the triangular congruence proof problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects used in this research were 4 students of class X-MIPA1 at MAN Sumenep consisting of 2 male students and 2 female students. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling type quota sampling. Data collection techniques used written tests and interviews, then analyzed based on the indicators of Toulmin's argumentative ability consisting of claims, evidence, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. The results showed that there were differences in the argumentation skills possessed by male and female students, as shown in the following data: (1) Male students were at level 1 in conveying their arguments with the fulfilled indicator being a claim. Male students tend to be more careless in solving problems, but they rely more on their verbal skills in answering. (2) Female students are able to reach level 3 in conveying their arguments with the indicators that are fulfilled are claim, evidence, and warrant. Female students tend to be thorough in working on questions and rely more on their symbolic abilities in answering.
Effects of climate change and its impact on some variables that influence the quality of life of populations in Latin America
Authors: Garcia-Mogollón Ana Milena , Malagón-Sáenz Elizabeth , Garcia-Pacheco Nancy Patricia , Garcia-Mogollón Javier Mauricio
Published: October 2021

This article provides a bibliographic review of the effects of climate change on various currently prevailing topics deemed critical. Humanity faces enormous challenges in the areas of agricultural production, food security, sustainable development, the environment, and their relationships and impact on poverty.
         It is essential to adapt the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Latin American and Caribbean countries in order to fulfill proactive actions for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Each Country must develop its own solutions according to the best interests of their citizens and country.
A review of topics including climate change and its affiliation with social progress indexes, unemployment, intensity of deprivation, and indicators of sustainable development are key to inspiring companies to adopt good corporate social responsibility practices. A longitudinal design was applied to the non-experimental research in order to examine changes throughout time over populations of people living in LAC countries. An analysis of the changes that occurred to populations over time was divided into three sections.
Split Memory: World War I Memorialisation Practices in the Weimar Republic
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Baranov Nikolay N.
Published: October 2021

The problem of historical memory and the politics of memory, the formation and evolution of memorial culture has become relevant in the context of the “mnemonic turn” in historiography, which began in the 1980s and continues until now. The events of World War I and its consequences in the interwar period occupied a central place in the communicative memory of the Germans and were the main object of historical politics in the Weimar Republic. For obvious reasons, there could be no place for triumphal memory in Germany. The memory of heroes acquired a special emotional meaning and pushed the grief memory version into the background, which was a natural compensation for the catastrophic defeat. Attempts by the official authorities and parties of the Weimar coalition to create a common memorial space of the last war for national consolidation and their own legitimisation ended in failure. In the conditions of a deep socio-political split in society on the brink of civil war, the opposing groups created and spread their own versions of the memory of war, not only competing, but also directly hostile to each other. At the same time, its main carriers were veteran organisations of various party affiliations. They were characterised by a specific memorial culture of admiration for the idealised image of the front-line soldier and disdain for the ones in the rear. As a result, the most significant places of memory, i.e. the Tannenberg Memorial in East Prussia and the Neue Wache building in Berlin never acquired national significance. In the confrontation between conflicting versions of memory, the advantage remained on the side of the conservative, nationalist, and anti-republican forces.
Syntactic Organisation of A. D. Kantemir’s Poems
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Patroeva Natalja V.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify and characterise the typological features of the “syntactic portrait” of A. D. Kantemir in the aspects of identification of the “average” poetic syntactic norm of the epoch, as well as in close connection of the grammar of an individual verse with the features of genre differentiation, architectonics of poetic works, and versification. The article refers to the data of the first volume of the Syntactic Dictionary of 18th-Century Russian Poetry. Revealing the syntactic dominants of Antiochus Kantemir’s style, including the background of the general literary norm of the era, as well as in the aspect of the connection between the “syntactic portrait” of the reformer poet and the peculiarities of the genre differentiation of the versification and architectonics of his poetic works, sheds light on the essence of Kantemir’s linguistic programme. His syllabics is particularly complex from the point of view of its construction: on average, 80 percent of sentences are polypredicative. The long line length of the syllabic texts requires the verse to be filled with various distributors and complicators of the sentence, including participle clauses. The verse of the satires tends to include definite-personal, generalised-personal, and indefinite-personal one-member sentences, imperative, and interrogative statements. Kantemir introduces constructions that originate in living speech into the structure of the verse: the nominative of the theme and infinitive of the theme, insertion, and introductory modal and connecting syntagmata. Referring to antique and French classic patterns, Kantemir the rhetorician often uses such figures of speech as rhetorical questions, periods, inversions, repetition, and amplification. Kantemir’s grammar formed under the influence of various literary traditions — Ancient Greek, Latin, Old Church Slavonic literature, European Baroque, and Western Russian syllabics — and is synthetic in its origin and a very complex and strictly organised system, intended primarily for the embodiment of educational ideas and the construction of polemical discourse. The logically complex course of the author’s reflection naturally mirrors the equally logically “difficult” syntax.
Reception of Russian Literature in China’s Contemporary Digital Space
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Dolgachev Fedor L. , Nesterova Olga A. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow
Published: October 2021

This article studies translated Russian literature as a factor of the development of contemporary Russian-Chinese intercultural communication. The authors examine the main traits of the reception of Russian literature in contemporary China, the mechanisms of the transformation of the interest of the Chinese public at large in the works of Russian writers, and the reasons for the sustainable role of Russian classic literature (A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, F. Dostoyevsky, L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, M. Gorky, M. Sholokhov, and N. Ostrovsky) as a basic element of the image of Russia. The authors identify the reasons why the Russian literature of the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries whose translations are available in China (some of them have received the Best Foreign Novel of the Twenty-First Century award) has not managed to change the established structure of priorities remaining at the periphery of contemporary processes of intercultural communication. It is demonstrated that the reception of classical and contemporary Russian literature in China has followed two scenarios, i.e. “profound” and “superficial”. The study of works of Chinese literary critics and cultural figures (Liu Wenfei, Wang Jiezhi, Cui Guoxin, etc.) makes it possible to identify the main criteria for the selection and perception of literary works in the conceptual, ethical and stylistic domains, and the domains of plot and imagery. It is emphasised that 21st-century Russian literature, which has lost its function as a model for emulation and a standard for copying, is interesting to Chinese specialists and readers as a corpus of texts that reflects aesthetic issues and ethnocultural regional traits without generating qualitatively new worldviews. The authors present the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of digital resources (Baidu, Sogou, etc.) that reveal the main features of the contemporary perception of Russian literature by Chinese Internet users.
Russian Dialects as a Resource for Finniс Historical Lexicology
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History, Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, Petrozavodsk, Mullonen Irma I.
Published: October 2021

This article proposes a reconstruction of a number of Vepsian and Ludic Karelian derivatives of lexemes, referring to the dialectal vocabulary of the Russian dialects of Obonezhye region. Having been lost from the aforementioned Finnic languages due to the Russification of the population living along the transit waterways used for the development of Obonezhye region since the time of Veliky Novgorod, they have survived as substratum or borrowed units in geographically adjacent Russian dialects. Vepsian and Karelian language data are traditionally used for the etymological interpretation of the Russian dialect lexicon. The reverse approach, i.e. the involvement of Russian dialects as a resource for Finnic etymological studies has not been widely used. When reconstructing, it is important to consider such parameters as the area of the Russian word, aiming at a well-defined Finnic language etymon; patterns of phonetic substitution and adaptation of specific Finnic sounds and sound combinations into Russian dialects; the existence of a word and its semantics in related languages. Additional opportunities are provided by the use of toponymic data due to the massive character and good preservation of toponyms. The article reconstructs several Vepsian and Ludic derived lexemes which have not been recorded in dictionaries or other sources. Among them, there are lexemes with suffixes -(e)k and -(e)h (*katek ‘thin ice’, *torek ‘noise, crackling, rumbling’, *čapek ‘overgrown undercut’, räbeh ‘damp low place in the forest’), Vepsian verbal name *kütm <* kütkim ‘leash for cattle’ with the -im suffix, Ludic term *hörpäk ‘stake with branches for drying hay’ with the suffix -äk and Vepsian landscape term *pugend ~ *pugond ‘swift with a narrow bed on the river’, in which the suffix -nd (< -nto) is embodied. The source of Russian dialectal data is the monumental publication Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary. Vocabulary of Contact Regions (2019) prepared by S. А. Myznikov. A lot of work was done in it to find Finnic roots for Russian lexemes. The author of the dictionary had natural difficulties in attributing Russian dialect lexemes, for which their Vepsian or Karelian etymon did not survive. The interpretations presented in the article, along the way, clarify, supplement, and sometimes correct the etymology of the Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary.
On the Etymology of Lexemes with the Root ринд-/рынд- in the Northern Russian Dialects
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Feoktistova Lyubov A.
Published: October 2021

This article attempts to find out the origin of a number of homonyms, as well as their correlates (phonetic, lexical-semantic variants, and derived words), i.e ри́нда / ры́нда, ры́н(д)ега / ры́нюга, ринь / рынь, etc. They are recorded in the Northern Russian dialects in independent and related (as part of phraseological phrases) use in two areas, i.e. the north-western regions of Arkhangelsk region and Belozerye. The main source of dialect material is the card catalogue of the Dictionary of Dialects of the Russian North, which makes it possible to take into account a number of additional parameters during the etymologisation and semantic reconstruction of dialecticisms: the exact geographical reference, the number of fixations, etc. From the point of view of semantics, these dialecticisms can be divided into five groups: the natural sphere (meteorology), various spheres of human activity (fishing, cooking, clothing (with some conditionality)), as well as human behaviour. The linguistic geography data indicate the borrowed character of the lexemes and the Finno-Ugric languages as the source languages of borrowing. For the lexemes of each group, a source is found in the Finnic languages (Karelian and/or Veps) or Sami, taking into account information about the former settlement of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the specified territory, as well as the correlation и // ы and the origin of the phoneme ы in the dialecticisms studied.
Biometry in Umbu fruits from the semi-arid region of Paraiba
Authors: Pereira Fábio Rodrigo Araújo , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Pessoa Angela Maria dos Santos , Vasconcelos Erika Socorro Alves Graciano de
Published: October 2021

Abstract Umbu fruits from four municipalities of Paraíba were morphologically characterized in order to identify promising genotypes for fresh consumption and agro-industrial use. We used 400 fruits from parent plants located in São Vicente do Seridó, Queimadas, Boqueirão, and Cabaceiras and 40 commercial fruits from two open fairs in Campina Grande, PB. The experimental unit consisted of ten fruits. The fruits were analyzed for total mass (MTF), length (LC), diameter (DF), fresh matter (MMF), yield (RF), and presence of hairs. In the endocarps, mass (ME), length (CE), diameter (DE), and width (LE) were the evaluated parameters. A completely randomized design was adopted, the data were subjected to variance analysis, and the means were compared by the Tukey test and principal component analysis. The fruits from Queimadas and São Vicente do Seridó showed the best morphological characters with regard to mass, length, diameter, fresh matter, and fruit yield, and were the most promising for agro-industrial commercialization. The fruits from Boqueirão showed the highest endocarp mass. Most fruits showed hairs on the peel, except the commercial ones. Four groups of municipalities were formed, with the fruits from Queimadas showing the largest size, while the fruits from São Vicente de Seridó and Soledade showed the highest yield.
Lipid profile of subcutaneous fat, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of gilts fed with diets supplemented with ractopamine, organic chromium or subjected to energetic feed restriction
Authors: Marçal Danilo Alves , Kiefer Charles , Alencar Stephan Alexander da Silva , Farias Taynah Vieira Aguiar , Santos Luana Cristiane dos , Viana Luiz Henrique , Cavalheiro Leandro Fontoura
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: This study identified the effects of dietary supplementation with ractopamine, chromium picolinate, chromium yeast, or an energetic feed restriction on the growth performance and lipid profile of subcutaneous fat, in late finishing gilts. Twenty genetically similar gilts with initial body weight of 105.35 ± 4.77 kg and a final body weight of 131.37 ± 5.58 kg were distributed in a completely randomized block design with five treatments (control; ractopamine: 20 ppm; chromium picolinate: 0.48 ppm; chromium yeast: 0.80 ppm; and energetic feed restriction: -150 kcal kg-1 of metabolizable energy), with four replicates of one animal each. The experimental diets were isonutritives, except for the metabolizable energy level of the diet fed to the group subjected to energy restriction. There were no effects on the growth performance and carcass characteristics. Ractopamine and organic chromium (picolinate and yeast) supplementation increased the concentration of total polyunsaturated fatty acid. The proportion of α-linolenic fatty acids were higher when the diets were supplemented with ractopamine or chromium yeast. The energy restriction increased the n-6:n-3 ratio and reduced α-linolenic acid concentration. Therefore, ractopamine, chromium picolinate, chromium yeast supplementation, and energetic feed restriction did not affect the growth performance or carcass characteristics but altered the lipid profile of subcutaneous fat in finishing gilts. Ractopamine and organic chromium supplementation increased PUFA in the fat of finishing female pigs.
Control of Microdochium albescens in pre-germinated and dryland rice seeds
Authors: Scheidt Bruno Tabarelli , Ferreira Evandro Zacca , Martins Flávio Chupel , Berghetti Juliano , Pieri Marília Michalski De , Casa Ricardo Trezzi
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: The fungus Microdochium albescens can interfere in the germination of seeds and in the death of rice seedlings; however, there is not technical indication for its control by seed treatment. This research evaluated the efficiency of fungicides in the treatment of pre-germinated and dryland rice seeds in the control of M. albescens. Seeds of the cultivars, Epagri 109, SCS116 Satoru, SCS121 CL and SCS122 Miura were treated with the following fungicides (g a.i./100 kg of seeds): fluazinam + thiophanate methyl (9.45 + 63), pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl (5 + 45), carboxin + thiram (60 + 60), metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole + fludioxonil (3 + 22.5 + 3.75), carbendazim + thiram (45 + 105), carbendazim (45). Seeds without fungicide treatment constituted the control. The treated seeds were sown in potato-sucrose-agar (PSA) culture medium and incubated at 25 ± 2 °C and photoperiod of 12 hours for 14 days. Treated seeds were also submitted to the germination test. Fluazinam + thiophanate methyl and metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole + fludioxonil showed greater control of M. albescens, not differing statistically between them, in the five cultivars and in the two cultivation systems. The tested fungicides provided seed germination above 90% in the four cultivars.
Inclinations of greenhouse farmers in Turkey toward agricultural insurance
Authors: Kutlar Ilkay , Akcaoz Handan
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: This study is explored the reasons why greenhouse farmers take out and do not take out agricultural insurance as well as the farmers’ inclinations toward agricultural insurance and the factors that affect them so that agricultural insurance can be improved. In this context, three districts of Antalya where greenhouse farming is intensively carried out, namely Aksu, Serik and Kumluca, were selected as the research location, and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 200 farmers, 100 of which had agricultural insurance and 100 of which did not. The farms were divided into two groups, namely, those with and without insurance, according to the data obtained. The potential statistical relationship between some selected features of the farms under study and the farmers with and without insurance was identified by chi-square test. Furthermore, the inclinations, views and opinions of farmers with and without agricultural insurance concerning agricultural insurance were evaluated using a Likert scale. Among the reasons why farmers take out agricultural insurance are insuring their crop, avoiding any potential loss, securing their income and presence of disaster risk. The main reasons why farmers do not take out agricultural insurance is the registration and share problems of their lands.
Comparative study between ketamine-S-dexmedetomidine and ketamine-S-midazolam-methadone in the anesthesia of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella)
Authors: Caramalac Simone Marques , Souza Andreza Futado de , Caramalac Silvana Marques , Albuquerque Verônica Batista de , Azuaga Lucas Bezerra da Silva , Frazílio Fabrício de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: Anesthetic protocols have been developed to obtain the most effective and safe association in wildlife. This study compared the anesthetic effects and cardiorespiratory parameters of ketamine-S (+) (10 mg/kg)/dexmedetomidine (0.020 mg/kg) (KD ) and ketamine-S (+) (10 mg/kg)/midazolam (0.5 mg/kg)/methadone (1.0 mg/kg) (KMM ) in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella). Eight capuchin monkeys were randomly assigned to KD (n = 4) or KMM (n = 4) to evaluate induction, immobilization, and recovery scores, heart and respiratory rate parameters, besides systolic, mean, diastolic arterial pressure and arterial blood gas. There was no difference (P = 0.56) in the quality of induction, immobilization, and anesthetic recovery between the protocols. The time for anesthetic induction was 4 ± 1 min in the KD group and 5 ± 1 min in the KMM group, and these values were statistically equal (P = 0.28). The mean immobilization time in the KD and KMM groups were 35 ± 13 and 33 ± 15 min, respectively. Heart rate was lower in animals in the KD group (P < 0.001), while respiratory rate (P = 0.03), and mean blood pressure (P = 0.046) were higher than that of the animals in the KMM group. Respiratory acidosis occurred in the KMM group, with lower pH (7.25±0.047; P = 0.0055) and higher pCO2 (51 ± 6;mmHg; P = 0.008). Both protocols exhibited good induction quality, immobilization, and anesthetic recovery, despite cardiorespiratory and blood gas alterations observed, which warrants monitoring of cardiorespiratory variables during KD or KMM chemical restraint.