bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizaje-Servicio y Formación Inicial Docente: una relación transformadora entre Escuela Rural y Universidad para la promoción de las tecnologías digitales
Authors: Miró-Miró Deli , Coiduras Rodríguez Jordi , Molina-Luque Fidel
Published: October 2021

Este artículo centra su interés en los proyectos de aprendizaje-servicio protagonizados por alumnado de primaria y estudiantado universitario que realiza prácticas en formación inicial docente en escuelas rurales. El hilo conductor es la promoción de las tecnologías digitales que vertebra un itinerario de narrativas audiovisuales como medio de reflexión e intervención en el entorno comunitario con la participación de 32 escuelas rurales pertenecientes a 12 Zonas Escolares Rurales (ZER), en total, 798 escolares de primaria y 50 estudiantes del Grado de Educación Primaria. Se aborda un doble objetivo: 1) identificar aquellas categorías de mayor interés para el desarrollo de experiencias de aprendizaje-servicio en contextos rurales a partir de los datos aportados por el estudiantado universitario y 2) analizar las narraciones audiovisuales que relatan el desarrollo de los proyectos. Se plantea un diseño metodológico mixto articulando lo cuantitativo con lo cualitativo. Para el análisis de los datos cuantitativos se utiliza el software estadístico SPSS. Para el estudio de las narrativas audiovisuales se emplea un sistema de categorías adhoc: detección de necesidades, objeto, actores y promotores, destinatarios y acciones desarrolladas. Los resultados aportan un cuestionario sobre el interés en la formación inicial docente de las experiencias de aprendizaje-servicio en la escuela rural y constatan las posibilidades educativas de las narrativas digitales en procesos de diseño e implementación de acciones comunitarias para el ejercicio de una ciudadanía comprometida con la propia realidad.
Análisis de la producción científica sobre enseñanza universitaria virtual y semipresencial en revistas españolas de alto impacto
Authors: Lucas Barcia Elisa , Roa González Julián
Published: October 2021

Las transformaciones producidas por el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han provocado la virtualización total o parcial de los procesos de gestión, comunicación y enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación universitaria. El 15 % de estudiantes universitarios está matriculado en instituciones no presenciales mientras que las presenciales incluyen entornos virtuales que dan lugar a una generalización de la enseñanza semipresencial. Como consecuencia de ello, los investigadores abordan esta nueva realidad educativa desde múltiples perspectivas. Este estudio presenta una revisión analítica-cuantitativa de la producción científica sobre la educación universitaria virtual y semipresencial publicada entre 2007 y 2020 en las revistas españolas de Educación incluidas en el Journal Citation Reports en 2019. A través del uso comparado de las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, se detectan 72 estudios que cumplen los criterios establecidos y que son analizados mediante los principales indicadores bibliométricos y de análisis de contenido. Los resultados destacan el impacto de las publicaciones de la UNED, el predominio de los métodos empíricos y el uso habitual de los cuestionarios. A pesar de la escasa representación de las revisiones de la literatura científica, se encuentran entre los artículos con mayor número de citas. Este trabajo permite conocer la evolución de la producción científica, trazar el perfil de los principales autores y de sus instituciones, y analizar en detalle los métodos y técnicas de investigación empleados por los estudios mayor impacto.
Análisis de las actuaciones de familia y escuela durante la pandemia: una mirada desde la Educación Infantil
Authors: Otero-Mayer Andrea , Gutiérrez-de-Rozas Belén , González-Benito Ana
Published: October 2021

La situación generada por el COVID-19 ha puesto de manifiesto que, en educación infantil, el modelo asistencial se ha quedado atrás frente al educativo. Con esta investigación se ha analizado, en la situación excepcional de confinamiento, tanto la manera de afrontar esta situación de cierre de las aulas desde los centros educativos como las respuestas proporcionadas por las familias, teniendo en cuenta la titularidad de los centros, el ciclo impartido (primer ciclo, segundo ciclo o ambos), el año de nacimiento de los menores o el número de hijos en los hogares. Para ello, se han elaborado ad hoc dos cuestionarios contestados durante los meses de abril y mayo por 1235 docentes de esta etapa de todas las Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas de España y por 1266 familias de menores que cursan educación infantil. Los datos recogidos se han analizado mediante un examen exploratorio de las respuestas y el cálculo de los principales porcentajes asociados a las variables consideradas para, posteriormente, realizar un análisis inferencial de la información disponible, empleando la prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar los datos procedentes de las escalas Likert y la prueba Chi-cuadrado para el estudio de las variables categóricas. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el envío de tareas en función del ciclo y de la titularidad del centro, siendo los centros privados los que menos actividades han enviado. Asimismo, casi la mitad de las familias encuestadas señala que necesitan recibir más indicaciones, siendo aquellas cuyos hijos asisten a escuelas públicas las que más lo demandan. Es por esto por lo que se puede concluir que las máximas establecidas en la legislación vigente no se han cumplido en todos los casos.
Water Framework Directive (An “Open up” Tool for Public Participation in Water Policy)
Authors:   Legal Advisor ANKO SA, PhD, Department of Accounting and Finance, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, Kozani, Greece, Farmaki Polytimi
Published: October 2021

The new EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60 prescribes an adaptive water governance system and has been the European Union's most comprehensive tool for the management and protection of water resources. This article analyses how WFD encourages the active involvement of “all interested parties” and represents how public participation has a key role in successful implementation. The aim of this paper is to understand the functioning and effectiveness of the new model introduced to address the lack of implementation of EU environmental rules, as WFD since its introduction in 2000, requires member states to design and implement river basin management plans via participatory processes. Moreover, we have identified that Common Implementation Strategy of WFD was designed as a tool for public participation and stakeholder involvement to river basin management planning and how participatory approaches are implemented as the new "governance" within the EU in the field of environmental policy.
Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion and Mini-screw Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion - A review
Authors:   Orthodontist, Myra Dental Clinic, Ahmedabad, India, Vaghela Vijay
Published: October 2021

This review was undertaken to compare the effects of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) and mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE). Discrepancies in the transverse relation between maxillary and mandibular dentition can result in the development of posterior cross bite. For the correction of posterior cross bite, maxillary expansion is frequently undertaken. The conventional approach for maxillary expansion includes expansion screw being anchored to the maxillary teeth and is known and rapid palatal expansion (RPE) appliance. However, RPE can only be applied in growing individuals and is not as effective in late adolescents and adults. In such patients, surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) technique is used to expand the maxillary arch. As this procedure involves surgery, it deters many patients from choosing SARPE as a treatment option. Recently a non-surgical technique of expansion of maxillary arch has been introduced that can be applied to late adolescents and adults using palatal mini-screws. This technique is known as mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE). In this review, the studies in the current literature regarding the SARPE and MARPE expansion techniques as compared to conventional RPE were included. It was observed that both SARPE and MARPE are effective methods for achieving maxillary expansion. With both techniques being effective, the advantage of MARPE over SARPE is the non-surgical approach which leads to higher patient acceptance and lower rate of complications.
High Gain Microstrip Active Antenna Utilizes as Transmitter and Receiver with Linear and Circular Polarization
Authors:   Master of Electronics and Communications, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, S. ALZAHRANI AHMED , M. AFFANDI ADNAN ,   Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
Published: October 2021

In this research paper, a high gain microstrip active antenna is operating as transmitter and receiver at the same time with linear and circular polarization operations. This proposed work contains five essential parts such as high gain and broadband applications. Firstly, mainly is dealing with passive patch antennas. These selected passive antennas enjoy both high gain and broadband applications. Part two intends to convert the selected passive patch antennas into an active antenna. Part three intended to improve the performances of the proposed active integrated antennas. Part four enhancement elements (which is known as parasitic elements) are utilized in order to increase the gain of selected antennas. Part five, this proposed active integrated antennas will be converted from linear polarization (LP) into circulation polarization (CP). All the selected antennas will simulate by using models of ADS Agilent.
The Training Skills of Military Officers in Treating Al-Istiqlal University Students from the Viewpoint of the Students Themselves
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Al-Istiqlal University, Palestine, Saber Shehadeh Amer , Taleb Dabous Mohammad ,   Associate Professor, Al-Istiqlal University, Palestine, Taleb Shwamreh Nader ,   Assistant Professor, Al-Istiqlal University, Palestine
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to know the skills of military training officers in dealing with the students of Al-Istiqlal University from the viewpoint of the students themselves. In order to achieve the aim of the study, a tool was developed to measure the extent of the availability of human and self-skills by the training officers. The tool is a questionnaire which included (33) items distributed on two axes and six domains. The study was conducted on a random sample consisting of (225) male and female students from Al-Istiqlal University students. After collecting the data of the study, they were statistically treated by using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences program (SPSS). The study reached a number of results the most important of which was that the degree of the availability of human and self-skills by the training officers from the viewpoint of the students themselves was medium. The results also showed that there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level of ( α≤ 0.05) in the degree of the availability of the self and human skills by the training officers in the security apparatuses in dealing with the students of Al-Istiqlal University from the viewpoint of the students themselves which are due to the variable of gender, whereas there were statistically significant differences in the variable of the faculty in the axis of the self-skills in favour of the medium community college as compared with the faculty of human sciences and the faculty of administrative sciences. Also there were statistically significant differences in the variable of the study year level in all the axes of the study and the total degree in favour of the first year as compared with the students of the third and fourth years, and in favour of the second year over the third year.
Afghan Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions towards Effective Teaching
Authors:   Pashto Department, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Shaikh Zayed University, Khost, Afghanista, Farid Faridullah , Nikzoy Mirza ,   Pashto Department, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Shaikh Zayed University, Khost, Afghanista, Khan Monib Wali ,   Department, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Shaikh Zayed University, Khost, Afghanistan
Published: October 2021

The aim of this article is to explore Afghan undergraduate students’ perceptions towards effective teaching at a public university. Data were collected based on a Likert scale questionnaire containing 32 items from 47 respondents. The results show that although the ability of teachers to teach and help students are vital, their attitudes towards students are considered crucial for judging their effectiveness. Most of the students perceived that a teacher who has excellent knowledge of the subject, well prepared, value students’ opinions and contribution, start sessions on time, provide both group activities and assessment briefs considered very effective. The article concludes by suggesting that notions of effectiveness are predicated less on university teachers having high academic expectations and more on the provision of a supportive environment in which teachers scaffold learning effectively and promote effective interaction with their students.
Preservation and public housing in the United States
Authors: Prudon Theodore
Published: October 2021

Public housing is an important part of the heritage of the 20th century that deserves preservation, but is in danger of being demolished or unrecognizably altered. The United States, which saw the construction of such government sponsored projects, largely between 1930 and 1975, is no exception. In the last four decades government efforts have continued to shift towards financial incentives for private initiatives for design, construction and property management. This housing legacy, if being preserved, still needs to be improved so it can continue to serve as affordable housing in the 21st century.
Kollektivhus: the Swedish model
Authors: Caldenby Claes
Published: October 2021

Today there is a new wave of co-housing internationally. Co-housing is here understood as collaborative housing, based on collaboration between residents on cooking and house maintenance, a new phenomenon since the 1980s. Sweden has a tradition since early modernism of kollektivhus, collective houses, in multi-family dwellings with employed staff managing household work. In Sweden today there are only some 40 true kollektivhus or co-housing projects, while ordinary Swedish postwar multi-family dwellings have common facilities that potentially would make them co-housing. Co-housing is often seen as a sustainable house form, but a problem is that they mainly reach middle-class residents.
Preserving a modern housing model: the restoration of Pedregulho Housing Neighborhood
Authors: Nascimento Flávia Brito do
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the history of Pedregulho Housing Neighborhood, built between 1948 and 1960 by the Department of Popular Housing in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from the first concepts to the restoration in 2015. Conceived by the urbanists Carmen Portinho and Affonso E. Reidy, it became one of the most emblematic works of modern Brazilian architecture. After years of neglect, in 2015 housing Block A of the neighborhood underwent restoration, one of the only such projects on social housing complexes in Latin America. The paper discusses the housing complex’s history, focusing on the intervention and restoration project, its criteria and challenges, and also the aims and demands by the residents during the works.
Reconstructing housing and communities: the INA-Casa Plan
Authors: Vittorini Rosalia
Published: October 2021

Among the Italian initiatives for social and material reorganization in the aftermath of WWII, the most interesting was undoubtedly the INA-Casa Plan. The plan was designed to counteract widespread unemployment in the construction sector and aimed to provide new and modern social housing to the poorer classes, thus simultaneously responding to the housing emergency. During the 14 years between 1949 and 1963, architects designed, and construction companies built a housing patrimony of remarkable quality, which now becomes an opportunity to develop strategies of urban revitalization.
The Chandigarh Sector
Authors: Bagga Sangeeta
Published: October 2021

The neighborhood unit (Sector) in Chandigarh was conceived as a self-sufficient, repeated element to create the matrix of the city along with the hierarchical circulation system defined by the 7Vs to disburse traffic in an orderly manner. This arrangement was interfaced with a designed landscape at the behest of Le Corbusier and Dr. M. S. Randhawa whose passion for bio-aesthetics realized a city where landscape and built forms created a patina of the most charming capital of the modern world. Seven decades later, the city’s flowering landscape and modernist architecture continues to make it one of the best neighborhoods in which to reside
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF MINGORA CITY, DISTRICT SWAT
Authors: RASHID AHMAD  , NAILA ASLAM  , MUHAMMAD KHALID  , ALAM ZEB
Published: October 2021

Background: The dramatic increase in the prevalence of hypertension and its complications are associatedwith significant health and financial burdens, warranting strong and comprehensive prevention efforts. Theobjective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in the adult population ofMingora city, district Swat.Methodology: In the present study, both male and female between 21-50 years of age were included. Theprevalence of hypertension was detected in 200 subjects. One hundred subjects were selected to compare theanthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of hypertensive subjects with control group.Results: The prevalence of hypertension in male subjects was 14.45 % and that in female subjects was 15.56%. Hypertensive subjects had significantly higher weight, body mass index, and both systolic and diastolicblood pressure values, as compared to control group.Conclusion: Persistently elevated blood pressure level is more frequent in the 4th and 5th decades,especially among female subjects with higher body mass index.Keywords: Weight (Wt), Height (Ht), Body mass index (BMI), Blood pressure (B.P). Mingora
OUTCOME OF THE MILLARD ROTATION- ADVANCEMENT PROCEDURE FOR THE UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP IN TWO HOSPITALS OF BANNU
Authors: HAYAT UR REHMAN  , M RAFIQ KHATTAK  , M IMRAN  , MAHID IQBAL  , M JEHANGIR KHAN
Published: October 2021

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of Millard's method in patients with unilateral cleft lip in two hospitalsof district Bannu.METHODS: This study was performed from Nov 2009 to Dec 2011 . Eighteen patients with Unilateralcleft lips were selected. The age range was 4-15 months. All patients underwent Millard procedure. Thesurgery was performed by different surgeons in the ENT and Pediatric Surgery department in Khalifa GulNawaz and DHQ Hospitals Bannu.Results: The total number of patients successfully operated in our study was 18 with 12 (66.6%) males and 6(33.3) females with a ratio of 2: 1. Patients with complete cleft lip were 15(62.5%) while three (12.5%) werefound with incomplete cleft lip. Wound infection was observed in 2 (11.1%) patients inspite of antibioticcover. Three (16.6%) patients had post-operative vermilion notch. Postoperative follow-up of 6 monthsrevealed the good results with an acceptable scar, good preservation of philtrum dimple and column, fullvermilion and lengthened columella and good alar cartilage reposition.Conclusions:Millard's technique is useful for repairing unilateral cleft lip in rebuilding nasal floor, theCupid' bow and in correction of the columella deviation, except for a relatively insufficient lip height andcolumella length at the operated side. Therefore it is concluded that the Millard method is an ideal procedurefor unilateral cleft lip repair.Key words: Unilateral cleft lip, Millard's procedure, vermilion notch
MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME OF DEPRESS SKULL FRACTURE
Authors: LIAQAT ALI  , TAJ MUHAMMAD KHAN  , ALAM ZEB  , SHAHID ALAM
Published: October 2021

Objective: To find outcome of Depressed Skull Fracture.Study Design: DISCRIPTIVE STUDY.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted from March 2007- Feb 2010 in Saidu TeachingHospital Swat.Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty seven patient with Depressed Skull Fracture wereincluded in this study. All patients came through casualty Department, from Malakand division, X ray skullwere done in casualty in all cases. CT Brain was performed in 89 cases (70.7%), patients with fire arm injury,penetrating injury, conservatively treated Depressed Skull Fracture were excluded from the study. Casesoperated for depressed skull fracture were included in our study,Results: A total 127 patients were operated. There were 75 male (59.0%) and 52 female patients (40.0%).Compound Depressed Skull Fracture were found in 101 patients (79.5%) close Depressed Skull Fracturewere 26 cases (20.4%).The bones involved were frontal in 14 Patients (20.4%) 41 cases were Parietal(32.2%) 25 were temporal (19.6%) 12 was occipital (9.4%) and 35 was miscellaneous/Multiple Fracture(27.5%). Indication for surgery was Depressed Skull Fracture more than five millimeter in all openDepressed Skull Fracture, leaking cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), oozing brain matter along with DepressedSkull Fracture. Post operatively 101 patients (79.52%) have full neurological recovery, 5 patient(3.93%)hemi paretic, 5 patient dysphasic (3.93%) 14 Patients (11.2%) develop . complication likemeningitis , pneumonia and abscesses , 2 patient (1.57%) were vegetative state.Key Words: Depressed Skull Fracture * Road traffic accident * Head injury *
ASSOCIATION OF VARICOCELE WITH OLIGOSPERMIA AND AZOSPERMIA
Authors: NAIK ZADA  , SHAFI ULLAH KHAN  , RIAZ AHMAD KHAN
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of abnormal semen parameters among patients presenting withvaricocele1METHODS:It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Urology Institute ofkidney diseases Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar and Cenna hospital Saidu Sharif Swat. The studywas carried out on 139 human subjects with clinical evidence of varicocele between age range of 15-45years.The diagnosis of varicocele was based on palpable and/or visible scrotal lump of testicular veins(pampiniform plexus) and was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination. Semen analysis was carriedout in all these patients and information wascollected on pre designed proforma.RESULTS:The study included a total of 139 patients with varicocele. The mean age of patient was 30 years(15-45) among the patients having symptoms of varicocele. The Mean ±SD for duration of varicocelesymptoms was 9.32 ± 9.70 months. 6.5% (n=9) patients were having azoospermia and 20.1% (n=28)patients had oligozoospermia.CONCLUSION: Patients with varicocele have poor seminal parameters in terms of sperm count i.e.oligozoospermia and azoospermia responsible for male factor infertility in majority ofcases.KEYWORDS:varicocele;seminal parameters;sperm count, infertility
RENAL BIOPSY IN PAEDIATRIC POPULATION
Authors: AHMAD ZEB KHAN  , RIAZ GUL  , AZIZ AHMAD
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To find out the pattern of glomerulopathies in paediatric population, undergoing renalbiopsy at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.METHODS: This was a prospective study carried out at the department of Nephrology at Khyber TeachingHospital, Peshawar from June 2010 till June 2012. Ultrasound guided percutaneous renal biopsies werecarried out in patients with the finding of; 1 ) Nephrotic range proteinuria in children. 2) Non-Nephroticrange proteinuria with evidence of hypertension / haematuria / deranged renal function or active sedimentson urine microscopy. 3) Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in children (patients not responding to steroidin eight weeks time) and 4) Children with nephrotic syndrome who were not tolerant of steroid therapy orwere considered for immunosuppressive drugs.RESULT: A total of 155 renal biopsies were done. Out of these 90 were male patients and 65 were females.The most common histopathological lesion among children population was minimal change disease(42.66%) followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (25.33%) and membranous GN (16.0%). Weobserved that nephrotic range proteinuria was most prevalent in minimal change disease and membranousGN followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. While non-nephrotic range proteinuria was mostlyseen in patients with membranoprolifirative GN.CONCLUSION: In paediatric population, minimal change disease is the most common encounteredglomerulopathy, followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosisand membranous GN.KEY WORDS: Nephrotic syndrome, Renal biopsy, Proteinuria, Glomerulopathy
TO STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GLYCOSYLATED HAIR PROTEIN AND HBA1C FOR ASSESSMENT OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II
Authors: HARESH KUMAR  , MONA RANI  , MOHAMMAD HANIF  , KHEMOMAL A. KARIRA  , MOHAMMAD MUNIB  , MUHAMMAD ILTAF  , NUSRATULLAH KHAN  , SHAHEENA
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Hair is a dead tissue and is composed of keratin and related proteins. Hair is a protein offew growing cells at the base of the hair root. If the patient is diabetic glycosylation occurs in these growingcells.Since the extent of glycation of hair protein varies with the distance from the hair root, we hypothesizedthat glycation of hair protein might provide insight into blood glucose level over a period of several mouthsto one year.So hemoglobin Ale (HbAIc) may be established as an indicator of long-term blood glucosecontrol in diabetic patients. It is formed by non-enzymatic reaction of glucose with Hb.The objective of thisstudy was to estimate the furosine(an intermediate in the breaking down of amadori compounds likeglycosylated proteins) level by HPLC of glycosylated hair proteins, to find interrelation of fasting glucosewith HbAIc and furosine in diabetic patients, to determine the efficacy of Glycosylation of HbA,c andfurosinemay be a reliable marker in diabetic patients.STUDY DESIGN: This study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry Basic Medical SciencesInstitute (BMSI) Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi.METHODS: A total of 200 subjects were included in the study. 100 diagnosed type II and 100 controlnormal subjects. Hair from the scalp 12 cm long and 50 mg in weight was collected from each subject tomeasure furosine level. Furosine level was determined by HPLC and HbAIc, FBSand serumprotein byenzymatic kit method.RESULTS: When the mean values were compared with that of control it depicted significantly high level(0.001) of furosine, HbAIc and FBS.CONCLUSION: The furosine, HbAIc and FBS levels increases in diabetic patients while total serumprotein were unaffected. Weight and BMI increases in diabetic but height was unaffected.KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus type II, furosine, HbAIc, fasting blood sugar, glycation ofhair protein
STUDIES ON THE ASSOCIATION OF URINARY 8-EPI-PROSTAGLANDIN F2A WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG PATIENTS OF MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION
Authors: NUSRATULLAH KHAN  , MOHAMMAD HANIF  , NAGEEN YUSUF  , MOHAMMAD MUNIB  , KHEMOMAL A KARIRA  , ABDUL SAMAD  , HARESH KUMAR  , SHAHEENA
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the urinary 8-epi-Prostaglandin F2a, fasting blood glucose, serum totalcholesterol, serum HDL-c, serum LDL-c and prothrombin time in myocardial reperfusion patients andcontrol subjects. Emphasis was given on correlation of urinary 8-epi-Prostaglandin F,a with biophysicaland biochemical parameters of blood.STUDY DESIGN: This study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical SciencesInstitute (BMSI), Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC) Karachi in collaboration with NationalInstitute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) Karachi.SUBJECT AND METHODS: A total of 200 subjects were included in this study. Written consent wastaken from all the subjects. Patient group comprised of 100 subjects which were diagnosed cases of anginaand myocardial reperfusion who visited the NICVD, Karachi. 100 healthy subjects having no anycardiovascular symptoms, age range 30 to 60 years of either sex were from general population. Their bloodand urine samples were collected.RESULTS: The result of our study showed that all the biochemical parameters in patients increasedsignificantly when compared to control except HDL-c which was significantly decreased. When theseparameters were correlated with urinary 8-epi PGF,a it was found that the fasting blood glucose (FBG),Cholesterol and LDL-c were positively correlated with highly significances. However the HDL-c and PTshowed nosignificant correlation vs urinary 8-epi-PGF,a.CONCLUSION: In the present study urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2a, fasting blood glucose, totalcholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c and prothrombin time were analyzed in patients of myocardial reperfusion. Wefound significant changes when values of these parameters were compared between patient and controlgroups. We concluded that not only urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2a but also lipid and lipoprotein in additionto prothrombin time were also disturbed in patients with myocardial reperfusion.KEYWORDS: 8-epi-prostaglandin F,a, myocardial reperfusion, metabolic syndrome, prothrombin time,lipids, lipoproteins.
AN AUDIT OF 90 CASES OF CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY AT TEACHING HOSPITALS
Authors: MAHID IQBAL  , MUHAMMAD ISMAIL KHAN  , IHSANULLAH  , SHARAFAT ALI  , MAQBOOL UR REHMAN  , GULSHAN HUSSAIN
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Cervical lymphadenopathy is the enlargement of cervical lymph nodes beyond 1cmin diameter. It may be due to various causes and can involve different age group and sites.OBJECTIVE: To find out various causes of cervical lymphadenopathies in the study group.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted at Departments of ENT,Head and Neck Surgery, Saidu Teaching Hospital Swat , from April 2010 to June 2013. Patients havingenlarged lymph nodes, of either sex and of any age were included in the study for the determination offrequency of various diseases in cervical lymphadenopathy. Clinically diagnosed cases of cervicallymphadenopathy as well as those patients not willing for admission were excluded from the study. Fineneedle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done in all patients for the diagnosis of various diseases.Specific investigations like pus for AFB/culture and excisional/incisional biopsy employed in patients inwhom FNAC was inconclusive.RESULTS: Out of 90 patients, 47 (53%) females and 43 (47%) were males. Most of the patients werebetween 1-10 years. Chronic granulomatous diseases especially the tuberculous cervicallymphadenopathy was the most common histological diagnosis in 32(36%) patients, lymphoma 22(24%), reactive hyperplasia in 20(22%), metastasis to cervical lymph nodes inl5 (17%), and nonspecific lymphadenitis in 2(1%) case.CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis is still the commonest cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in this regionafter excluding reactive hyperplasia.KEY WORDS: Cervical lymphadenopathy; histopathology; causes.
Trends in the Economic Development of Democratic Kampuchea (1975-1979)
Authors: Kupriyanov Denis Ye.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to examine individual historical stages of Cambodia's economic development to establish the basis for further improvement of the economic system. The purpose of the research was to analyse analytically the development of the economy of Democratic Kampuchea and the role of friendly countries in it. The study on the stated subject was conducted using general scientific theoretical research methods, in particular, methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparison. The article examines the economy of Democratic Kampuchea in the middle of the second half of the 70s. It is determined that after gaining full independence from the French colonialists, followed by the struggle for independence against the Americans, and then the Khmer Rouge era, there was a need to restore and improve the country's economy. The study described the general state of the key industries of Democratic Kampuchea, in particular, light, food, agricultural engineering, heavy, electronic, construction, forestry, chemical, rubber, and military; the principles of conducting trade relations with the countries of the socialist and capitalist camps, and the development features of agriculture under the rule of the Khmer Rouge. The results of the analysis showed that during this period the republic managed to restore agriculture and ensure its subsequent growth, and the updated industry was already fully functioning with the help of the friend countries. The practical value of the study is determined by the integral characteristic of the economic system of Democratic Kampuchea, which contributes to the functional solution of the economic problems of modern Cambodia
Content and Functional Purpose of the Duty in Modern Conditions
Authors: Pohrishchuk Halyna B. , Voloshchuk Ruslan Ye.
Published: October 2021

The duty as a source of budget formation and a regulator of foreign trade activity contributes to improving the macroeconomic situation and the state's entry into the international trade community. Therefore, the study of the essence and functional purpose of the duty becomes particularly relevant since it makes it possible to increase the efficiency of its functioning in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to consider the tax and foreign trade nature of the duty, establish its essence and specific characteristics, identify the main functions and substantiate changes in the roles of duty functions in modern conditions. The specifics of the scientific tasks that make up the subject of research required the use of a set of special methods (general scientific and private scientific, theoretical and empirical), the use of which helped identifying the content of the duty, consider its functional purpose and establish the reasons for the weakening of the role of duty functions in different countries of the world. In the course of the study, two approaches to the interpretation of the essence of duty were established: as a tax and as a specific foreign trade payment. The author's definition of the duty was proposed and its main essential characteristics were clarified. It has been established that there are no unified approaches to the definition of duty functions in the scientific literature, and only two main ones (fiscal and regulatory) are substantiated. It was also covered that due to the entry of most countries into the World Trade Organisation and the establishment of restrictions on the growth of customs rates, the regulatory function of the duty is weakening. It was established that in developed countries, due to international restrictions on the application of custom rates, the role of the fiscal function of duty has decreased. It was determined that in less developed countries, in conditions of limited budget revenue sources, the fiscal function of duty continues to be the main one. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that clarifying the content and functions of duty in modern conditions makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of customs tariff regulation to protect national interests during the intensification of international integration processes
Conceptual Approaches to the Development of a Strategy for Innovation and Investment Activity in a Food Enterprise
Authors: Kryvonohova Iryna H.
Published: October 2021

The variability and uncertainty of the external environment inherent in business activities determine a high level of risk and enhancing the role of strategic planning as a special tool for adapting to the external environment. The purpose of the scientific research was to form a conceptual approach to the process of developing a strategy for innovation and investment activity of a food enterprise. During the study of the study’s theoretical basis, it was determined that the issues of strategic planning of the enterprise as a whole and individual economic functions, in particular innovation, were developed by many foreign and Ukrainian researchers. However, for the most part in the literature, innovation and investment strategies are considered separately, at the same time they are closely related, and the implementation of an innovation project can be considered as an implementation of an investment project. In recent times, the concept of innovation and investment activity has appeared in the literature, but the methodology for rational organization of such activity has not been sufficiently developed. In the course of the research, three main approaches to developing a strategy for innovation and investment activity were described, also our own fourth approach was formulated. The analysis of methodological principles that are the basis for building strategies for innovation and investment activity was also carried out. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the strategy development process depends on the creation of a system of its information support. At the same time, increasing the productivity of innovation and investment activities of individual enterprises will help to increase the number of enterprises engaged in such activities, which will have a positive impact on the country’s economy as a whole. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the considered strategies of innovation and investment activity can be used in the activities of relevant enterprises
Current Trends in the Demographic Development of the Population of Small Villages in Zakarpattia Region
Authors: Miklovda Vasyl P. , Pitiulych Mykhailo I. , Hoblyk Volodymyr V. , Pitiulych Mykhailo M.
Published: October 2021

One of the dominant features of modern civilisation is the growing correlation between economic growth and the quality of its human potential, the level and condition of which are vital components of national wealth and the driving force of economic prosperity. Hence the increased attention to the analysis of current trends in demographic development of the population. This particularly concerns the lower administrative-territorial level, because it is there that the demoreproducing processes are developed and the life processes of the population take place. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the main trends of demographic development of the population of small rural settlements of Zakarpatska Oblast and identify factors that generate depopulation phenomena and, consequently, formulate recommendations for minimising the impact of said factors on the demographic processes among the rural population. In accordance with the set purpose, the study analyses the main trends in the demographic development of the population of small rural settlements in the Zakarpatska Oblast over the past 30 years. The demo-reproducing processes were studied considering the population structure in terms of natural and economic zones of the region, covering small villages of lowland, foothill, and mountain natural and economic zones. It was established that vertical zoning affects not only the conditions of business affairs and entrepreneurial activity of the population, but also the dynamics of natural population growth. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the dynamics of change in the population living in small settlements. The study identifies the main reasons that determine the strengthening of depopulation in small villages of the mountain natural economic zone. The authors prove the fact of decrease in the population density of small villages with their remoteness from regional centres and cities. The paper also features an analysis of changes in the age and sex structure of the population of small rural settlements, as well as identifies factors that deform the sex and age structure of the population, the effect of which in the near future will lead to decrease in the number of the economically active population and increase in budgetary expenditures for the maintenance of retired persons. The authors provide sound justification of the necessity of measures aimed at ensuring the effective implementation of demographic policy, thereby improving the quality of the human potential of the rural population, as well as preserving and reproducing its life and labour potential
Factors of Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture of Ukraine: Evidence from the Enterprises of the Kharkivska Oblast
Authors: Strapchuk Svitlana І. , Mykolenko Olena P.
Published: October 2021

Reducing the negative impact of agricultural enterprises' activities on the environment with an increase in food demand can be achieved by implementing sustainable intensification measures, where the key measure is an increase in crop yields while reducing the use of resources. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors of sustainable intensification of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine by building a model of the interdependence of yield on the level of diversity of agricultural crops, application of organic fertilisers, availability of animal husbandry on the farm, labour costs, mineral fertilisers and depreciation, the use of fuel materials per 1 ha and the level of payback of costs. During the scientific study, a sample of 516 enterprises of the Kharkivska Oblast that grow agricultural products was processed; some of them are engaged in animal husbandry. Using the correlation and regression analysis method, data was analysed and processed using specialised Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21 software. The paper presents a model of the dependence of the yield of agricultural enterprises of the Kharkivska Oblast on numerous factors that were selected based on the theoretical provisions of the sustainable intensification of agriculture. It was found out that the diversity of agricultural crops, the application of organic fertilisers, the availability of animal husbandry on the farm, and labour costs are considerable factors and have both a positive and negative impact on yield. The model applied the effect of interaction between two factors, which showed the greatest impact on the dependent variable. The study provides reasoning for the availability of the highest yield among enterprises that additionally engage in economic activities for raising animals, as well as specialise in the production of various crops. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the provision of proposals on the areas of sustainable intensification of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine
Orta Çağ’da Sistersiyen Ekonomisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: YAVAŞ Halil
Published: October 2021

Çalışmamızda, Sistersiyen tarikatının Orta Çağ Avrupası’ndaki (1100-1450) ekonomik faaliyetlerini ele alacağız. Bu tarikat, bataklık, kumsal ve çalılıklardan oluşan atıl durumdaki arazileri değerlendirmesi ve yeni tarım teknikleri geliştirmesiyle adını duyurmuştur. Öyle ki ilerleyen dönemde, Avrupa’nın en önemli şarap ve yün üreticilerinden birisi olurken, elde ettikleri ürünlerin ticaretini de bizzat kendileri yapmışlardı. Sistersiyen ekonomisinin temel unsurlarından birisi laik biraderlerdir. Bunlar ruhban sınıfı dışından olup manastır bünyesinde hizmet eden dindar kişilerdir. Makalemizde Sistersiyen tarikatını bazen Benedikten ve Kluni tarikatları ile kıyaslayacağız. Bu kıyaslamada onların diğer tarikatlara göre ne kadar çalışkan oldukları anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak olumlu ifadelerin yanı sıra özellikle dönem kaynaklarında onlara yönelik yapılan eleştirilere de değineceğiz. Çünkü Sistersiyenler aşırı bir şekilde hırslı ve açgözlü olmakla suçlanmışlardı. O zamanki dini yapıların gösterişli yaşam sürmelerine tepki olarak ortaya çıkmış olmalarına karşın üç kuşak sonra kendileri de benzer bir duruma düşmüşlerdi. Bu eleştirilere rağmen Sistersiyen tarikatı Avrupa’daki tarımın iyileştirilmesinde ve Baltık bölgesinin kolonizasyonlaştırılmasında önemli misyonlar üstlenmişti. Makalemizin sonlarında, onların bu çalışmaları ile Anadolu’da Beylikler ve Osmanlı’nın kuruluş dönemindeki dervişlerin benzer faaliyetlerine değinip, bazı karşılaştırmalarda bulunacağız.
Televizyon Haberlerinde Gerçeğin Yitimi: Yeniden Üretilen Savaş ve Çatışma Haberlerinin Profesyonel Gazetecilerin Gözüyle Analizi
Authors: EKŞİOĞLU SARILAR Naciye Beril
Published: October 2021

Modernleşmenin yaklaşık iki yüzyıllık macerasında teknolojik gelişmeler insanın algılarını değiştirmiş, göze ve dolayısıyla görüntüye büyük bir önem atfetmiştir. 19. yüzyıldan itibaren kamusal insanın izleyiciye evirilmesiyle; görmek, eylemde bulunmanın önüne geçmiştir. Etkinliğini kaybeden insan edilgen izleyiciye dönüşmüştür. Jean Baudrillard’ın teorisinden yola çıkarak, bilgi edinme aracı olan haber gerçeklikten yoksun yeni bir gerçeğe, televizyon stüdyolarında hiper-gerçeklik (hyperreality) olarak inşa edilmektedir. Bunun bir örneği de stüdyo ortamında artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarıyla sunulan haberlerde görülmektedir. Baudrillard’ın “suret artık gerçeğin kopyası değil, gerçeğin ta kendisidir” tezinden hareketle burada tartışılan konu; bizatihi gerçeğin yansıtılmasına odaklanan, politik kararları etkilemesi beklenen haberin, artırılmış gerçeklik stüdyolarında hazırlanmış ve “oyunlaştırılmış” bir sunumla, kamuoyunun demokratik hak ve taleplerinin ifadesi olan bilgi edinme hakkını karşılayabilecek olup, olmamasıdır? Dolayısıyla çalışmada televizyonlardaki artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarıyla “yeniden üretilen” savaş/çatışma haberciliğinin analizine odaklanılmıştır. Artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları bahsiyle literatür taraması yapıldığında, çalışmaların genel izleğini tanımlamalar ve uygulamanın birçok sektöre yaptığı katkılar oluşturmaktadır. Genel çalışmaların aksine, bu çalışma artırılmış gerçeklik özelinde teknolojik uygulamaların her sahada müspet ifadesini bulamayacağı varsayımına dayanmakta ve bunu savaş/çatışma haberciliğinin televizyon stüdyoları sunumu üzerine temellendirmektedir. Bu minvalde çatışma/savaş muhabirliğinde uzmanlaşmış gazetecilerle, bir okur temsilcisiyle, bir haber sunucusuyla ve savaş ortamlarının tanıklığını yapmış iki akademisyenle derinlemesine mülakatlar yapılarak artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının izleyicide yaratabileceği etkiler sorgulanmıştır.
Osmanlı Sefaret Heyetinde Bir Ermeni: Arutin Efendi ve Ermeni Harflerle Türkçe Yazdığı Seyahatnâmesi
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Hilal
Published: October 2021

Arutin Efendi, Sultan I. Mahmud (1730- 1754)’un saray müzisyeni iken yine Sultan I. Mahmud tarafından 1736’da İran’a Nadir Şah nezdine gönderilen sefaret heyetinde görevlendirilmiştir. Arutin Efendi, bu elçilik sırasında ve akabinde altı yıl daha kaldığı İran’daki gözlemlerini Ermeni harfleriyle Türkçe olarak yazdığı Tahmas Kulu Han’ın Tevarihi isimli seyahatnamesinde aktarmıştır. Bu sefaret heyeti son derece hassas ve önemli bir misyona sahip olmasına rağmen, söz konusu sefaretle ilgili bir sefaretname bulunmamaktadır. Arutin Efendinin sanatkâr kişiliği ile yaptığı dikkatli gözlemleri ve tespitleri o dönemdeki Osmanlı-İran ilişkilerinin diplomatik seyrinin aydınlatılmasına imkân tanımaktadır. Bu bağlamda makale söz konusu dönemdeki Osmanlı-İran diplomatik ilişkilerini hem Arutin Efendi’nin seyahatnamesi hem de bu sefaretle ilgili arşiv kaynaklarına dayanarak incelemekte ve bu konuda bazı tespitlerde bulunmaktadır.