bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh pembelajaran IPA berbasis discovery learning terintegrasi jajanan lokal daerah terhadap keterampilan proses sains
Authors: Tyas Rizki Arumning , Wilujeng Insih , Suyanta Suyanta
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran IPA berbasis discovery learning terintegrasi jajanan lokal daerah terhadap keterampilan proses sains. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII SMP N1 Cangkringan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 32 peserta didik yang berasal dari satu kelas, yakni kelas VIII A. Perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Silabus, (2) Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), dan (3) Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik. Adapun instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi keterampilan proses. Aspek yang dianalisis meliputi aspek keterampilan proses sains dasar dan terintergrasi. Setelah diperoleh rata – rata skor pada tiap aspek, rata – rata skor yang diperoleh kemudian diklasifikasikan menurut kategori sangat baik, baik, kurang, dan sangat kurang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, model pembelajaran IPA berbasis discovery learning terintegrasi jajanan lokal daerah efektif meningkatkan lima aspek keterampilan proses sains dasar, yaitu keterampilan mengobservasi, mengklasifikasi, memprediksi, menarik kesimpulan, dan mengkomunikasikan, serta lima aspek keterampilan proses sains terintegrasi, yaitu menginterpretasi data, mengontrol variabel, membuat hipotesis, mendefinisikan secara operasional, serta melakukan eksperimen. Science learning based on discovery integrated regional local snacks on student science process skills AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of science learning based on discovery learning that was integrated with regional local snacks on student science process skills. This research was a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The population in this research were students of class VIII SMP N1 Cangkringan. The sample in this research was 32 students from one class, namely class VIII A. The learning tools used in this study were: (1) Syllabus, (2) Lesson Plan, and (3) Student Worksheet. The research instrument used in this research was the student science process skills observation sheet. The aspects analyzed include aspects of basic and integrated science process skills. After obtaining an average score in each aspect, the average score obtained is then classified according to the category of very good, good, low, and very low. The result shows that discovery learning integrated with regional local snacks is effective in improving five aspects of basic science process skills, namely observing, classifying, predicting, drawing conclusions, and communicating, as well as five aspects of integrated science process skills, namely interpreting data, controlling variables, make hypotheses, define operationally, and conduct experiments.
Investigation of multiple intelligence of primary school students
Authors: Nulhakim Lukman , Berlian Liska
Published: July 2020

The aim of this research is to investigate the ability of multiple intelligence (MI) of male and female students from primary school. The total sample was 71 students consisting of 35 experimental group students and 36 in the control group in a primary school in Cilegon City, 2016-2017 academic year. In this study, the experimental group consisted of male students using learning with the MI and the control group consisted of female students using learning with the MI approach. Analysis of data obtained from this study, using the Independent Sample t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The findings of this study indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the ability of MI in the experimental group and the control group, where the average score experimental group is higher. These results can be seen in the average score of MI ability in the experimental group is higher in visual-spatial, music, logical-mathematical, interpersonal and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. The average score of MI ability in the control group is higher in verbal-linguistic, naturalistic, and intrapersonal. These concluded that the results of the Investigation of Multiple Intelligence (MI) of Primary School Students in the experimental group (male students) were better than the control group (female students).
Application of PjBL with brain-based STEAM approach to improve learning achievement of students
Authors: Badriyah Nur Lailatul , Anekawati Anik , Azizah Lutfiana Fazat
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine differences in student's learning achievement consisting of learning outcomes and science process skills. This research was conducted in a special school for girls and used two experimental classes, namely experimental class-1 and experimental-2 class. The experimental class-1 is the class applied by PjBL with a brain-based STEAM approach, while the experimental class-2 is a class that uses PjBL with the STEAM approach without brain-based. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The data analysis technique used is the T-test. The brain-based learning activities applied in this study are listening to music, drinking water, doing a brain gym, working on crossword puzzles, and group determination based on the dominance of students' brains. The results showed that the average value of the N-Gain score of student learning outcomes in the experimental class-1 was 80,72. Student learning outcomes experimental class-2 is 73,12. In science process skills, the experimental class-1 students had an average N-Gain score of 72,50, while the experimental-2 class was 60,88. The conclusion is the experimental class 1 students have higher learning achievement than students in the experimental class 2.
Open-Source Technology for Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Case Study in a Neonate With Transient Congenital Hyperinsulinism (Preprint)
Authors: Braune Katarina , Wäldchen Mandy , Raile Klemens , Hahn Sigrid , Ubben Tebbe , Römer Susanne , Hoeber Daniela , Reibel Nora Johanna , Launspach Michael , Blankenstein Oliver , Bührer Christoph
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) systems has been shown to be a low-pain, safe, and effective method of preventing hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in people with diabetes of various age groups. Evidence on rtCGM use in infants and in patients with conditions other than diabetes remains limited.

OBJECTIVE

This case study describes the off-label use of rtCGM and the use of an open-source app for glucose monitoring in a newborn with prolonged hypoglycemia secondary to transient congenital hyperinsulinism during the perinatal period.

METHODS

The Dexcom G6 rtCGM system (Dexcom, Inc) was introduced at 39 hours of age. Capillary blood glucose checks were performed regularly. In order to benefit from customizable alert settings and detect hypoglycemic episodes, the open-source rtCGM app xDrip+ was introduced at 9 days of age.

RESULTS

Time in range (45-180 mg/dL) for interstitial glucose remained consistently above 90%, whereas time in hypoglycemia (<45 mg/dL) decreased. Mean glucose was maintained above 70 mg/dL at 72 hours of life and thereafter. Daily sensor glucose profiles showed cyclic fluctuations that were less pronounced over time.

CONCLUSIONS

While off-label use of medication is both common practice and a necessity in newborn infants, there are few examples of off-label uses of medical devices, rtCGM being a notable exception. Real-time information allowed us to better understand glycemic patterns and to improve the quality of glycemic control accordingly. Severe hypoglycemia was prevented, and measurement of serum levels of insulin and further lab diagnostics were performed much faster, while the patient’s individual burden caused by invasive procedures was reduced. Greater customizability of threshold and alert settings would be beneficial for user groups with glycemic instability other than people with diabetes, and for hospitalized newborn infants in particular. Further research in the field of personal and off-label rtCGM use, efficacy studies evaluating the accuracy of low glucose readings, and studies on the differences between algorithms in translating raw sensor data, as well as customization of commercially available rtCGM systems, is needed.
Determinants of non-adherence to home injury prevention practice among parents of under-five children in North Seberang Perai district, Penang: A mixed-methods study protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Abdul Nurul , Kadir @ Shahar Hayati , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Mohd Nazan Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Unintentional injury is a global burden of disease that occurs everywhere, including our home. Young children are most vulnerable to home injuries because they are still developing their physical and psychological skills and spent most of their time at home. Despite being largely preventable, three consecutive national surveys show no reduction in the rate of injury among children under-five. More surprising, children from high-income families were found to have the highest incidence of injury, contradicting the findings from other countries.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify the determinants of a non-adherence to unintentional home injury prevention practice among parents of under-five children in North Seberang Perai district, Penang.

METHODS

This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study consists of two phases starting with a quantitative study looking into respondents and their child’s sociodemographic status and their home injury prevention practice, followed by a qualitative study that interview parents with a low level of home injury prevention practice. In phase I, the parent or primary caregiver of a child age less than five years old who age 18 or older and is a Malaysian will be included in the study while being disabled or having a severe psychiatric disorder or having the index child diagnosed with chronic disease will make them not eligible to participate in the study. Derived using two population means formula, a sample size of 495 parents will be sampled among those with under-five children following up at the Maternal Child Health Department in the health clinics of North Seberang Perai using stratified systematic sampling. Independent t-test/Mann Whitney U, simple linear regression and multiple linear regression will be used for data analysis. The sample will be stratified according to household income to look for associated factors and determinants of low prevention practice. In phase II, parents with a low score from the quantitative study will be selected to participate in the qualitative study using purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview using the help of an interview guide will be carried out and recorded with a voice recorder. Thematic analysis approach will be used to analyse the qualitative data.

RESULTS

The study has been registered under the National Medical Research Registry and awaiting ethical approval.

CONCLUSIONS

It is hoped that findings from this study can shed light on the barriers faced by under-five parents in carrying out preventive measures at home.
Administering Virtual Reality Therapy to Manage Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients With Dementia Admitted to an Acute Care Hospital: Results of a Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Appel Lora , Kisonas Erika , Appel Eva , Klein Jennifer , Bartlett Deanna , Rosenberg Jarred , Smith Christopher NC
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

As virtual reality (VR) technologies become increasingly accessible and affordable, clinicians are eager to try VR therapy as a novel means to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, which are exacerbated during acute care hospitalization, with the goal of reducing the use of antipsychotics, sedatives, and physical restraints associated with negative adverse effects, increased length of stay, and caregiver burden. To date, no evaluations of immersive VR therapy have been reported for patients with dementia in acute care hospitals.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the feasibility (acceptance, comfort, and safety) of using immersive VR therapy for people living with dementia (mild, moderate, and advanced) during acute care hospitalization and explore its potential to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

METHODS

A prospective, longitudinal pilot study was conducted at a community teaching hospital in Toronto. The study was nonrandomized and unblinded. A total of 10 patients aged >65 years (mean 86.5, SD 5.7) diagnosed with dementia participated in one or more research coordinator–facilitated sessions of viewing immersive 360° VR footage of nature scenes displayed on a Samsung Gear VR head-mounted display. This mixed-methods study included review of patient charts, standardized observations during the intervention, and pre- and postintervention semistructured interviews about the VR experience.

RESULTS

All recruited participants (N=10) completed the study. Of the 10 participants, 7 (70%) displayed enjoyment or relaxation during the VR session, which averaged 6 minutes per view, and 1 (10%) experienced dizziness. No interference between the VR equipment and hearing aids or medical devices was reported.

CONCLUSIONS

It is feasible to expose older people with dementia of various degrees admitted to an acute care hospital to immersive VR therapy. VR therapy was found to be acceptable to and comfortable by most participants. This pilot study provides the basis for conducting the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of VR therapy on managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in acute care hospitals.
Reasons People Who Use Opioids Do Not Accept or Carry No-Cost Naloxone: Qualitative Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bennett Alex S , Freeman Robert , Des Jarlais Don C , Aronson Ian David
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Many people use opioids and are at risk of overdose. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to counter the effects of opioid overdose. There is an increased availability of naloxone in New York City; however, many who use opioids decline no-cost naloxone even when offered. Others may have the medication but opt not to carry it and report that they would be reluctant to administer it if they were to witness an overdose.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to better understand why people who use opioids may be reluctant to accept, carry, and administer naloxone, and to inform the development of messaging content that addresses barriers to its acceptance and use.

METHODS

We conducted formative qualitative interviews with 20 people who use opioids who are 18 years and older in New York City. Participants were recruited via key informants and chain referral.

RESULTS

Participants cited 4 main barriers that may impede rates of naloxone acceptance, possession, and use: (1) stigma related to substance use, (2) indifference toward overdose, (3) fear of negative consequences of carrying naloxone, and (4) fear of misrecognizing the need for naloxone. Participants also offered suggestions about messaging content to tackle the identified barriers, including messages designed to normalize naloxone possession and use, encourage shared responsibility for community health, and elicit empathy for people who use drugs. Taken together, participants’ narratives hold implications for the following potential messaging content: (1) naloxone is short-acting, and withdrawal sickness does not have to be long-lasting; (2) it is critical to accurately identify an opioid-involved overdose; (3) anyone can overdose; (4) naloxone cannot do harm; and (5) the prompt administration of the medication can help ensure that someone can enjoy another day. Finally, participants suggested that messaging should also debunk myths and stereotypes about people who use drugs more generally; people who use opioids who reverse overdoses should be framed as lay public health advocates and not just “others” to be managed with stigmatizing practices and language.

CONCLUSIONS

It must be made a public health priority to get naloxone to people who use opioids who are best positioned to reverse an overdose, and to increase the likelihood that they will carry naloxone and use it when needed. Developing, tailoring, and deploying messages to address stigma, indifference toward overdose, fear and trepidation about reversing an overdose, and fear of police involvement may help alleviate fears among some people who are reluctant to obtain naloxone and use the medication on someone in an overdose situation.
Evaluation of the Impact of Short Duration Music Listening on Autonomic State (Preprint)
Authors: Elvin Garry , Patel Paras , Sice Petia , Riachy Chirine , Shang Yilun , Osborne Nigel , Rauch Laurie , Bentley Edward
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Heart rate variability (HRV), or the variation in the time interval between consecutive heartbeats, is a proven measure for assessing changes in autonomic activity. An increase in variability suggests an upregulation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Music was shown to have an effect on the limbic system, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. However, there have been relatively few empirical investigations on the effect of music on HRV compared to mean heart rate (HR). Also, the majority of studies have been experimental rather than interventional, reporting significant changes in HRV as a function of musical characteristics, such as tempo, genre, and valence.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the impact of short duration music listening on the autonomic nervous system response of healthy adults.

METHODS

Six participants (three males and three females) were tested to investigate the effect of listening to music on HR and HRV. Electrocardiographic (ECG) data was recorded at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz using an eMotion Faros 360 device produced by Bittium Biosignals. The data was collected while the participants listened to four pre-selected songs in a random order separated by a relaxation period of 5 minutes. Data was then cleaned and processed through Kubious HRV 2.0 software. Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test was carried out for the time and frequency domains.

RESULTS

For all but one song that is shorter than 3 minutes (song 1), we observed a statistically significant increase in Standard Deviation of the RR intervals (SDRR) (song 1: P=.125, r=.333; song 2: P=.023, r=.575; song 3: P=.014, r=.635; song 4: P=.014, r=.635) and in the Low Frequency (LF) component of the cardiac spectrogram (song 1: P=.300, r=.151; song 2: P=.038, r=.514; song 3: P=.014, r=.635; song 4: P=.014, r=.635) with a large effect size r, indicating increased HRV. No significant change in mean HR was observed (song 1: P=.173 r=-.272; song 2: P=.058, r=-.454; song 3: P=.125, r=-.333; song 4: P=.232. r=-.212).

CONCLUSIONS

Listening to pre-selected songs of longer duration than 3 minutes 30 seconds is associated with significant increases in HRV measures, especially SDRR and LF. Music thus has the potential to overcome autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation and thereby benefit health and wellbeing.
Prevalence of Postoperative Pain Following Hospital Discharge: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Park Rex , Mohiuddin Mohammed , Arellano Ramiro , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther , Klar Gregory , Gilron Ian
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Pain is one of the most common, feared, and unpleasant symptoms associated with surgery. However, there is a clear gap in patient care after surgical patients are discharged from hospital, resulting in poorly controlled postoperative pain. Inadequate pain management after discharge can have detrimental effects on quality of life and lead to the development of chronic postsurgical pain. The severity of postoperative pain before discharge is well described, but less emphasis has been placed on assessing pain at home after hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this review is to summarize the prevalence of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain within the first 1 to 14 days after hospital discharge.

METHODS

A detailed search of epidemiological studies investigating postoperative pain will be conducted on MEDLINE and EMBASE from their inception until the date the searches are run. The primary outcome will be the proportion of patients reporting moderate-to-severe postoperative pain at rest and with movement within the first 1 to 14 days after hospital discharge. The secondary outcomes will include a comparison of postoperative pain after discharge between patients who underwent ambulatory and inpatient surgery, and adverse outcomes attributable to poor pain control after hospital discharge (eg, readmission to hospital, emergency room or other unplanned medical visits, or a decrease in quality of life).

RESULTS

The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020194346). The search strategies for MEDLINE and EMBASE have been completed. The final results are expected to be published in May 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review is expected to synthesize evidence describing the prevalence of postoperative pain after hospital discharge. Available epidemiological evidence may help inform the magnitude of the problem of postoperative pain at home after hospital discharge.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020194346; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=194346

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/22437
Self-Management Apps for People With Epilepsy: Systematic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Alzamanan Mohsen Zaied , Lim Kheng-Seang , Akmar Ismail Maizatul , Abdul Ghani Norjihan
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Patients with epilepsy (PWEs) are motivated to manage and cope with their disorder themselves (ie, self-management [SM] is encouraged). Mobile health (mHealth) apps have multiple features that have a huge potential to improve SM of individuals with chronic disorders such as epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to review all freely available apps related to the SM of PWEs and to determine the SM domains covered in these apps.

METHODS

We performed a search of apps on Google Play and App Store using the keywords “epilepsy” or “seizures” from May to August 2018. Apps were included if they were free and in English language. We excluded apps with installation-related issues and not related to epilepsy self-management (eSM).

RESULTS

A total of 22 eSM apps were identified in our search: 6 of these run only on iOS, 7 only on Android, and 9 run on both operating systems. Of the 11 domains of SM, seizure tracking and seizure response features were covered by most apps (n=22 and n=19, respectively), followed by treatment management (n=17) and medication adherence (n=15). Three apps (Epilepsy Journal, Epilepsy Tool Kit, and EpiDiary) were installed more than 10,000 times, with features focused specifically on a few domains (treatment management, medication adherence, health care communication, and seizure tracking). Two apps (Young Epilepsy and E-Epilepsy Inclusion) covered more than 6 SM domains but both had lower installation rates (5000+ and 100+, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Both Android and iOS mHealth apps are available to improve SM in epilepsy, but the installation rate of most apps remains low. The SM features of these apps were different from one another, making it difficult to recommend a single app that completely fulfills the needs of PWEs. The common features of the apps evaluated included seizure tracking and seizure response. To improve the efficacy and availability of these apps, we propose the following: (1) involve the stakeholders, such as physicians, pharmacists, and PWEs, during the development of mHealth apps; (2) assess the efficacy and acceptance of the apps objectively by performing a usability analysis; and (3) promote the apps so that they benefit more PWEs.
Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study (Preprint)
Authors: Li Sophie H , Graham Bronwyn M , Werner-Seidler Aliza
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Insomnia and sleep disturbance are pervasive and debilitating conditions affecting up to 40% of adolescents. Women and girls are at greater risk of insomnia, yet differences in treatment responsiveness between genders have not been adequately investigated. Additionally, while women report greater symptom severity and burden of illness than men, this discrepancy requires further examination in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in sleep symptom profiles and treatment response in adolescents.

METHODS

Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) treatment responsiveness, as indexed by changes in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, was compared in boys and girls (aged 12-16 years; N=49) who participated in a pilot evaluation of the Sleep Ninja smartphone app. Gender differences in self-reported baseline insomnia symptom severity (ISI), sleep quality (PSQI), and sleep characteristics derived from sleep diaries were also examined.

RESULTS

Compared with boys, we found that girls reported greater symptom severity (P=.04) and nighttime wakefulness (P=.01 and P=.04) and reduced sleep duration (P=.02) and efficiency (P=.03), but not poorer sleep quality (P=.07), more nighttime awakenings (P=.16), or longer time to get to sleep (P=.21). However, gender differences in symptom severity and sleep duration were accounted for by boys being marginally younger in age. Treatment response to CBT-I was equivalent between boys and girls when comparing reductions in symptom severity (P=.32); there was a trend showing gender differences in improvements in sleep quality, but this was not statistically significant (P=.07).

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrate the presence of gender differences in insomnia symptoms and severity in adolescents and suggest further research is required to understand gender differences in insomnia symptom profiles to inform the development of gender-specific digital interventions delivered to adolescents.
Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener
Authors: Nasruddin Nasruddin , Susanto Tri
Published: July 2020

This research aims to study the mechanical properties of natural rubber composites with nitrile butadiene rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. Composite fillers consisted of kaolin, and softener using used cooking oil. The study was carried out by the method of mastication, vulcanization, and maturation of the compound into rubber vulcanizates. The vulcanization and mastication process is carried out in the open mill. The maturation of the compound into rubber vulcanizates from the results of mastication and vulcanization was carried out using semi-automatic heat press and press at a temperature of 130 °C ± 2 °C for 17 min. Based on data from testing the mechanical properties of five samples from five formulas, the mechanical properties of composite rubber are affected by the ratio of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, kaolin, and used cooking oil as a softener. The difference in the results of vulcanizates rubber testing of natural rubber composites with synthetic rubber is not only influenced by the ratio of the composite, but also by the degree of cross-linking between the material molecules.
Selective Determination of Acidic Drugs in Water Samples Using Online Solid Phase Extraction Liquid Chromatography with Alginate Incorporated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Extraction Sorbent
Authors: @ Othman Nurzaimah Zaini , Mohamad Hanapi Nor Suhaila , Saim Nor’ashikin , Wan Ibrahim Wan Nazihah , Anis Ahmad Lutfi
Published: July 2020

A rapid and effective method is developed for selective determination of five selected acidic drugs (salicylic acid, naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid) in water samples by using online solid phase extraction (Online-SPE) prior to liquid chromatography diode array detector (LC-DAD) analysis. In this study, Alginate incorporated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Alg-MWCNT) beads were prepared and utilized as solid phase extraction sorbent. Optimization of online SPE-LC operating parameters such as valve switching time, composition of acetonitrile and buffer pH was conducted using Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to evaluate the interactive effects of these three variables. Under the optimized conditions (valve switching time: 1.5 min, composition of acetonitrile: MSA, 60:40 and buffer pH: pH 2), the method showed good linearity (1–500 μg L−1) with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9971–0.9996 and low limits of detection ≤ 0.018 µg L–1. The method showed high relative recoveries in the range of 75–110% for river water and tap water samples, respectively with RSDs of ≤ 7.8 (n = 3). This method was successfully applied to the determination of acidic drugs in river and tap water samples. In addition, Alg-MWCNT sorbent offered high degree of selectivity and efficiency for online SPE-LC-DAD analysis.
The Effect of Bioactive Polyphenols from Anacardium occidentale Linn. Leaves on α-Amylase and Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activities
Authors: Abdullah Thaidi Nur Imanina , Mat Jusoh Hanapi , Ghazali Ahmad Badruddin , Susanti Deny , Haron Normah
Published: July 2020

Anacardium occidentale Linn. (A. occidentale L.) leaves possess bioactive polyphenols which are associated with antidiabetic potency for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, free, soluble ester, and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions from young and mature leaves of A. occidentale L. were extracted. Subsequently, all fractions were investigated for their inhibitory effect on α-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activities. Both free (72.45 ± 3.6%) and soluble ester (83.40 ± 4.7%) phenolic fractions in the mature leaves extracts had significantly demonstrated greater α-amylase inhibitors than the young leaves. Likewise, soluble ester (4.09 ± 0.34 µg/mL) and insoluble-bound (4.87 ± 0.32 µg/mL) phenolic fractions in the mature leaves extracts were significantly more effective in inhibiting DPPIV than the young leaves. As for fractions comparison, insoluble-bound derived from the young leaves extract was a more potent α-amylase inhibitor than free and soluble ester phenolic fractions (p < 0.0001). Besides, soluble ester and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions showed a stronger inhibitor of DPPIV than the free phenolic (p < 0.001), irrespective of the maturity of the leaves. In conclusion, this study showed that A. occidentale L. extracts possessed antidiabetic properties, which may potentially be used as an alternative treatment for T2DM management.
Dispersibility of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube in a Polyanionic Surfactant Based on UV-Vis Analysis
Authors: Irmawati Yuyun , Khaerudini Deni Shidqi , Indriyati Indriyati , Mardiyati Mardiyati , Yudianti Rike
Published: July 2020

The degree of carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion in an ink solution plays a critical role in the performance of CNT based devices. This is a challenging task in the CNT utilization due to strong van der Waals interaction affecting the CNT bundles. A good dispersion degree can be achieved, for instance, by lowering the van der Waals interaction with the strategy of non-covalent interaction between polyanionic surfactant and the CNT surface. Herein, a simple and quick technique to disperse multiwall CNT (MWCNT) by using a polyanionic dispersant, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), is reported. The dispersion degree of MWCNT in aqueous solution during the sonication process was studied using UV-Vis analysis. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was also applied to further investigate the interaction between CMC and MWCNT. The result shows that the maximum dispersion of MWCNT was achieved with a maximum absorbance in the UV-Vis spectra. Higher CMC concentration resulted in a higher viscosity of the solution, thus it increased the sonication duration in obtaining the maximum dispersion. By varying the MWCNT concentration at a constant CMC concentration of 0.25 wt.%, a homogenous MWCNT dispersion was obtained up to 0.2 wt.%. The encapsulation of a thin CMC layer on the MWCNT surface with a thickness of 1.5–3 nm was evidenced by TEM micrograph analysis.
Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel and Galvanized Steel after Exposure in Eretan and Ciwaringin, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Priyotomo Gadang , Nuraini Lutviasari , Prifiharni Siska , Royani Ahmad , Sundjono Sundjono , Gunawan Hadi , Zheng Meng
Published: July 2020

The investigation of corrosion for carbon steel and galvanized steel has been conducted in the marine atmosphere of Eretan and Ciwaringin Districts, West Java Province. The exposure time of the field test was up to 200 days, and their corrosion rates are determined according to weight loss method. The objective of the work is to elucidate the corrosion behavior of those alloys which is affected by distances from coastline and environmental condition. The magnitude of corrosion rate for carbon steel was 20 times as high as that for galvanized steel in both districts The distance from coastline has significantly affected for the magnitude of corrosion rate, where that both alloys in Ciwaringin is lower than that in Eretan. The deposition of chloride ion in Eretan and Ciwaringin Districts were 4.305 mg/m2 day and 1.863 mg/m2 day, respectively, where the higher chloride ion can tend to increase the corrosion rates. Relative humidity (RH) which is over 60% has essential role for corrosion process as well as rainfall. The uniform corrosion attack was observed both alloys after exposure. The corrosion product phases of galvanized steel exhibits as zincite, hydrozincite and simonkolleite in Eretan as the typical coastline atmosphere phases but not in Ciwaringin. The formation of rust product for both metals lead the decrease of further corrosion attack due to the barrier between metal and environment. The usage of galvanized steel is remarkable to minimize corrosion attack compared to that of carbon steel in tropical coastline.
Identification of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) Inhibitor: Pharmacophore-based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Arba Muhammad , Sufriadin Malindo , Tjahjono Daryono Hadi
Published: July 2020

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) is a validated drug target for the treatment of cancer. The present study aims to search for new inhibitors of PI3Kδ by employing pharmacophore modelling using LigandScout Advanced 4.3 software. The three hydrogen bond acceptors and two hydrophobic features were proposed as a pharmacophore model using LASW1976 structure. The model was then validated using the Area Under Curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and GH score. It was used to screen new molecules in the ZINC database, which resulted in 599 hits. All 599 hits were then docked into PI3Kδ protein, and five best hits were submitted to 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations. Each hit complexed with PI3Kδ underwent minor conformational changes as indicated by the values of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF). Furthermore, prediction of the binding free energy using Molecular Mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) method showed that five hits, i.e., Lig25/ZINC253496376, Lig682/ZINC98047241, Lig449/ZINC85878047, Lig554/ZINC253389510, and Lig199/ZINC12638303, had lower binding energy compared to LASW1976. This result indicated their potentials as new inhibitors of PI3Kδ.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cu(II) in Analytical Sample Using a New Chromogenic Reagent (HPEDN)
Authors: Raafid Esraa , Al-Da’amy Muneer A. , Kadhim Salih Hadi
Published: July 2020

The sensitive, accurate and rapid spectrophotometric method that can be used for determination of Cu(II) in the analytical samples using a new chromogenic reagent azo-Schiff base 1-((4-(1-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)ethyl)-phenyl)diazenyl) naphthalene-2-ol (HPEDN). The synthesized new (azo-Schiff base) ligand was complexed with copper(II) and characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, IR spectra, 1H-NMR, 13CN-MR spectra, Molar electrical connectivity, and measuring of their melting points. Then obtained complex showed a brown color with maximum absorption at λmax = 500 nm at pH = 9. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration in the range of 1.7 to 5.4 μg/mL. The molar absorption and Sandell’s sensitivity values of Cu(II) complex were found to be 0.5038 × 104 L mol–1 cm–1 and 0.0039 μg cm–2, respectively. Structure of the prepared complex was investigated by using the continuous variation, mole ratio method and slope analysis method. The obtained results showed that the complex has (1:2) (M:L) molar ratio and these results showed that this method were more sensitive, more precise and accuracy through the calculation of (Re, Erel, R.S.D)%. The most important interferences were due to, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Pd2+, Fe3+ and these were studied, and suitable masking agents were used. This method was applied for the determination of Cu(II) in alloy. The obtained results were compared with flame atomic absorption spectrometry method and these results were in a good agreement in these two cases.
Coating of Pd and Co on Mordenite for a Catalyst of Hydrotreating of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid into Biofuel
Authors: Hapsari Maya Tri , Trisunaryanti Wega , Falah Iip Izul , Permata Media Laila
Published: July 2020

The catalytic activity of Co and Pd loaded on mordenite (MOR) was evaluated in the hydrotreatment of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) into biofuel. Metals were loaded into MOR as support via wet impregnation process. The Co content was varied as 2, 4, and 6 wt.% to produce Co(1)/MOR, Co(2)/MOR, Co(3)/MOR catalysts. The micro-mesoporous structure of the catalyst was confirmed by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement. AAS were used to analyze the amount of metal that is successfully loaded in the catalysts. Hydrotreating of the CNSL was conducted in a semi-batch reactor at 450 °C with hydrogen flow (20 mL/min) for 2 h. The liquid product was analyzed using GC-MS. The activity of Co/MOR was compared with the activity of Pd/MOR as a noble metal. The result of the hydrotreatment process showed a decrease of liquid product in the sequence of Co(3)/MOR > Co(2)/MOR > Pd/MOR > Co(1)/MOR > MOR. The Co(3)/MOR catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of liquid hydrocarbon than the others (61.8 wt.%), comprising predominantly by gasoline compounds with over 25.21 wt.% conversion.
Improved Maleic Anhydride Grafting to Linear Low Density Polyethylene by Microencapsulation Method
Authors: Rahayu Iman , Zainuddin Achmad , Hendrana Sunit
Published: July 2020

A common graft copolymerization method usually results in a low degree of grafting due to its poor inter-component interactions. A monomer microencapsulation method should be useful to enhance the current graft copolymerization technique. The maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was successfully synthesized by monomer microencapsulation without using a direct method in order to find a high degree of grafting. The results showed that the degree of grafting of the LLDPE synthesized by microencapsulation (5.9%) was higher than that achieved with the direct method (5.0%).
Synthesis, Characterization and Docking Study of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Authors: El-Saidi Manal Mohamed Talaat , El-Sayed Ahmed Ali , Pedersen Erik Bjerregaard , Tantawy Mohamed Abdelhamid , Mohamed Nadia Ragab , Gad Wafaa Ahmed
Published: July 2020

New compounds 5 and 9 using DNA bases e.g. Adenine 1 and Guanine 6 derivatives have been synthesized. The use of simple methods to synthesize compounds 5 and 9 were done using pyrimidine as an alternative DNA base ring. Another design to synthesize new simple pyrimidine rings utilizing thiourea and ethylcyano acetate to afford 6-amino-2-thiouracil was adopted. The reaction of thiouracil 10 with chloro cyano or chloro ester and ketone, resulted in the formation of adduct compounds 18-21, rather than the formation of compound 17. All the synthesized compounds were subjected to docking study, in order to gain insights into their binding modes against cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK-2) that is involved heavily in cell cycle regulation and receptor protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) which is involved in cell apoptosis. These targets were selected based on their key roles in cancer progression via the regulation of the cell cycle and DNA replication. Molecular-docking analyses showed that compound 14e was the best docked ligand against both targets, as it displayed the lowest binding energy, critical hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the targets.
Structural Change of Apoferritin as the Effect of pH Change: DLS and SANS Study
Authors: Patriati Arum , Suparno Nadi , Sulungbudi Grace Tjungirai , Mujamilah Mujamilah , Putra Edy Giri Rachman
Published: July 2020

Apoferritin is a complex protein potential for drug delivery application. The advantage of apoferritin lies in its core-shell structure, its nano size, and its pH-sensitivity. This study was aimed to characterize the structure of apoferritin due to the pH alteration effect in a solution using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Both DLS and SANS can observe protein size in solution near its physiological condition. The results show that apoferritin possesses a core-shell structure with a diameter of around 12–13 nm at pH 7. The dissociation of apoferritin occurs at pH 1.9. The SANS data shows the apoferritin at pH 1.9 was dissociated into the smaller oligomer. The structure of this smaller oligomer has a different configuration than the configuration of apoferritin subunits at pH 7. It can cause the failure of reassembly of apoferritin if the apoferritin is neutralized back to pH 7 after dissociation from pH 1.9.
Employing an R Software Package rsm for Optimizing of Genistein, Daidzein, and Glycitein Separation and Its Application for Soy Milk Analysis by HPLC Method
Authors: Riswanto Florentinus Dika Octa , Desra Alni , Sari Rinjani Mustika , Thomas Valentino , Rohman Abdul , Pramono Suwidjiyo , Martono Sudibyo
Published: July 2020

Soy milk, one of the soybean products, become more popular in recent years due to its benefit for human health. Biological activities of soybean products have been widely studied according to the presence of isoflavone aglycones content, including genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. Hence, it is important to develop an effective and efficient analytical method to provide guidance regarding appropriate isoflavone intake levels for soy milk. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and optimized in this study employed by R statistical software with the package of rsm. A C18 column was used for HPLC separation with the detection at 260 nm. Optimized condition for HPLC separation has been achieved with the mobile phase of methanol: water (63.26:36.74), a flow rate of 0.81 mL/min, and a column temperature of 45.31 °C. These conditions were applied in the HPLC system and successfully tested for the system suitability. Quantitative estimation was performed and resulted that the genistein, daidzein, and glycitein content in soy milk samples were 6.372, 6.273, and 2.853 µg/mL, respectively.
O que está por trás da Responsabilidade Social Corporativa do setor extrativo?
Authors: Jardim Wanderley Luiz
Published: July 2020

Resenha do livro Políticas territoriais, empresas e comunidades: o neoextrativismo e a gestão empresarial do “social” organizado por Henri Acselrad.
ANALISIS TATA KELOLA RESTRIBUSI PARKIR SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Muazzinah Muazzinah , Ade Amuji
Published: July 2020

This study aims to learn how to manage public roadside parking in an effort to increase Local Revenue from parking fees in Banda Aceh City and obstacles to managing public roadside parking in Banda Aceh City. This research method uses qualitative research methods with the type of descriptive research. The informants of this study consisted of the Banda Aceh City Transportation Agency, parking attendants, and the community. Data collection techniques are done by interview, observation, and documentation. The results of research that can be published on roadside parking by the Banda Aceh City Transportation Office have been classified as transparent because any information about roadside parking can be accessed directly by the public through the Banda Aceh City Transportation Department website but it is still lacking in transparency. Accountability Management of roadside parking is also full of responsibility because every service officer and parking attendant is given training and guidance and even supervision. The responsibility for parking management also exists because of the existence of faith in the form of reports with the help of community members who issue them. Parking management independence is seen as a compilation of decisions without personal interests so that one party is not interrelated if there is a parking attendant who has a problem. Monitoring activities of parking attendants and cracking down on parking attendants who have problems without any maintenance difference. The obligation to manage parking always takes into account the interests of the field and the community based on the principle of equality and fairness.
ZAKAT SEBAGAI SARANA BANTUAN BAGI MASYARAKAT BERDAMPAK COVID-19
Authors: Saputra Hijrah
Published: July 2020

The Signing of a National Disaster (Covid-19) as a National Disaster through Presidential Decree Number 12 of 2020 Determination of Non-Disaster in the Spread of Covid-19 as a National Disaster. All efforts that are being made right now are being carried out by the government through social measures to distribute the outbreak virus, of course, it will have an impact on the community in taking the call. The "Simalakama" option. Staying at home incapacitated, supported, then threatened with death. Or get out of the house to make a living to meet the needs of the family, threatened by the coronavirus, then threatened with death. This study discusses the role of zakat as a means of helping people who consider Covid-19. The research method used is descriptive qualitative data collection from articles, media, and libraries. The results of this study To overcome this Co-19 pandemic, zakat becomes one of the means to help people who face this disaster. Even the government through the Indonesian Ulema Consultative Council (MUI) has issued its fatwa so that zakat mal can be issued as soon as possible and must wait for a full year, as well as the nature of zakat issued at the end of Ramadan can be issued at the beginning of Ramadan. Thus, asking for zakat can be adjusted to the people who need assistance in this Covid-19 epidemic.