bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xantogranuloma Múltiplo do Adulto: Relato de Caso e Breve Revisão da Literatura
Authors: Siqueira Ramos Felipe , Ferreira Flávia Regina , Mandelbaum Samuel Henrique , Da Rocha Gonçalves Fernanda
Published: December 2017

O xantogranuloma múltiplo do adulto é uma histiocitose de células não Langerhans, variante rara do xantogranuloma juvenil. A etiologia é desconhecida, afectando indivíduos adultos predominantemente abaixo dos 30 anos, sem predileção por gênero. Manifesta-se clinicamente como múltiplas pápulas ou nódulos amarelo-acastanhados disseminados. A confirmação diagnóstica se dá pelo exame anatomopatológico e pela imuno-histoquímica, que permitem ainda diferenciá- lo das histiocitoses de células de Langerhans. A involução espontânea é incomum. Relatamos um caso clássico, raro e clinicamente exuberante de xantogranuloma múltiplo do adulto e aproveitamos para realizar breve revisão da literatura sobre o tema.
Genes & Melanoma
Authors: Sanches Maria Mendonça , Soares-de-Almeida Luis , Freitas João Pedro
Published: December 2017

O cancro é uma doença do genoma, sendo a tumorigénese considerada classicamente o resultado da ativação de oncogenes e da inativação de genes supressores tumorais.O melanoma maligno, tal como outras neoplasias, tem aberrações cromossómicas frequentes e características que o distinguem de nevos pigmentados. Os progressos notórios em termos de reconhecimento de mutações e comportamento celular à distância das células do melanoma estão a proporcionar um maior leque terapêutico, com aumento na sobrevida em doentes com doença avançada.O presente artigo visa abordar as diferentes vias de sinalização celular, mais frequentemente implicadas na génese do melanoma.
Comorbilidades em Doentes com Psoríase: Revisitar as Antigas, Reconhecer as Emergentes
Authors: Ponte Pedro
Published: December 2017

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Toxidermias em Idade Pediátrica
Authors: Machado Mafalda , Cruz Maria J. , Mota Alberto
Published: December 2017

As toxidermias em idade pediátrica são frequentes, contudo existem características específicas desta faixa etária pouco estudadas. Estas diferem frequentemente das toxidermias do adulto em termos de apresentação clínica, fármacos implicados, prognóstico e tratamento. O seu reconhecimento precoce e suspensão do fármaco causador são de extrema importância para diminuição do risco de morbimortalidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é rever as principais características que diferenciam as toxidermias da criança das do adulto, de forma a facilitar o seu reconhecimento e perceber como a sua investigação pode ser melhorada.
Influência do Índice de Massa Corporal e da Dieta na Fisiopatologia da Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Oliveira Pinheiro da Silva José Pedro , Cardoso da Cunha Velho Glória Maria
Published: December 2017

Acne vulgar é uma patologia multifatorial que afeta principalmente adolescentes e jovens adultos e que se pode manifestar como lesões inflamatórias ou não inflamatórias. Esta doença acarreta morbilidade significativa, tanto física como psicológica. Está cientificamente comprovada a importância de diversos fatores, tanto genéticos como ambientais, na sua patogénese, tendo sido descritas nomeadamente associações com a dieta ocidental, índice de massa corporal excessivo e a resistência à insulina. Neste artigo é efetuada revisão da atual literatura relativa à acne vulgar, com enfoque na fisiopatologia e influência destes fatores na sua desregulação. O melhor conhecimento da fisiopatologia da acne e a avaliação crítica do papel da dieta, bem como da obesidade e da desregulação do sistema endócrino, podem contribuir para uma abordagem mais científica dos fatores exógenos que contribuem no início e agravamento desta interessante e frequente patologia.
Abordagem da Dor em Dermatologia (Parte I)
Authors: Duarte Bruno , Roberto André , Cruz Salomé , Cabete Joana
Published: December 2017

A dor é um sintoma universal em Medicina e, na Dermatovenereologia, é transversal ao domínio médico e cirúrgico da especialidade. O controlo da dor aguda peri-operatória é um indicador de qualidade dos cuidados de saúde, sendo um fator determinante de morbilidade e de satisfação do doente. O tratamento pouco eficaz da dor crónica tem repercussões significativas na qualidade de vida e a nível socioeconómico. Esta revisão contempla os princípios gerais do tratamento da dor aguda peri-operatória e da dor crónica em Dermatovenereologia. Pretende-se sensibilizar para a importância da dor e contribuir para a redução da dor não controlada e a humanização dos cuidados prestados ao doente dermatológico. Nesta primeira parte da revisão, são abordados os aspetos epidemiológicos, a definição e o modelo conceptual atual para a compreensão da dor, bem como os fundamentos do tratamento da dor aguda peri-operatória.
Sutura Tricofítica: Vantagens e Indicações Cirúrgicas
Authors: António Ana Marta , Oliveira Soares Rui
Published: December 2017

Na cirurgia de transplante de cabelo, a par da preocupação com o resultado final na área transplantada, o resultado cosmético da área dadora tem merecido a atenção crescente do cirurgião de transplante capilar. No transplante de unidade folicular a técnica de encerramento da área dadora tem evoluído no sentido de produzir cicatrizes progressivamente menos visíveis, mesmo em homens com cabelo curto. A sutura tricofítica é uma técnica que promove o crescimento de cabelo através da cicatriz final tornando-a menos visível. Esta técnica tem vindo a ser aperfeiçoada no transplante de unidade folicular mas tem também interesse no tratamento de cicatrizes e encerramento de feridas operatórias em outras áreas pilosas como o couro cabeludo, os supracílios e a barba. Os autores descrevem esta técnica cirúrgica, as suas vantagens e principais aplicações na cirurgia dermatológica.
Dermatoscopia no Granuloma Facial: Relato de 2 Casos
Authors: Figueiredo Gatti Rafael , Medeiros Prohmann Caroline , Ananias David Alice , Oliveira Utiyama Thaís , De Oliveira Pozetti Eurides Maria , Antônio João Roberto
Published: December 2017

O granuloma facial é uma patologia cutânea rara, idiopática e benigna, com predomínio em homens caucasianos entre a terceira e quinta décadas de vida. Caracteriza-se histologicamente por um infiltrado inflamatório misto, em que fenômenos de vasculite e fibrose se associam, com predomínio na face, de curso crônico e lentamente progressivo. O diagnóstico baseia-se na história clinica, exame físico e histopatológico, com recente destaque para a dermatoscopia, que revela aspectos que podem possibilitar uma diferenciação inicial com outros diagnósticos (sarcoidose, lúpus eritematoso cutâneo, dentre outros). Existem várias opções terapêuticas propostas, porém com resultados pouco satisfatórios. Neste trabalho, relatamos dois casos de pacientes com lesões eritematosas faciais em que a dermatoscopia teve grande valor como ferramenta diagnóstica. O uso dessa modalidade deve crescer nos próximos anos em relação à essa patologia, já que, além de fornecer características importantes da doença, consiste em uma maneira simples e fácil de identificar o granuloma facial.
Manchas Mongólicas Múltiplas e Sobrepostas numa Criança Caucasiana
Authors: António Ana Marta , Costin Adelina , Cunha Henriqueta
Published: December 2017

A mancha mongólica é uma forma de melanose dérmica comum em recém- nascidos, tendo uma incidência e prevalência variável consoante a raça, sendo menos frequente em crianças caucasianas. Apesar de tradicionalmente interpretadas como benignas, várias publicações têm vindo a sugerir que manchas mongólicas extensas, múltiplas, presentes em locais atípicos e persistentes ao longo da primeira infância podem estar associadas a algumas doenças metabólicas. Contudo, esta associação não está ainda bem esclarecida. Por outro lado, casos pontuais reportados na literatura têm descrito um tipo particular de mancha mongólica sobreposta a outra de pigmentação diferente, não sendo conhecido o mecanismo fisiopatológico e a relevância clínica deste achado. Os autores reportam o caso de um rapaz caucasiano com 7 meses de idade com manchas mongólicas múltiplas, extensas, de agravamento progressivo nos primeiros meses de vida, uma das quais mais pigmentada sobreposta a outra, localizada na anca direita.
Alopécia Permanente Pós-Quimioterapia com Resposta Favorável ao Minoxidil Tópico
Authors: Matos Pires Eugénia , Ramos Pinheiro Rita , Lencastre André
Published: December 2017

A alopécia permanente pós-quimioterapia é um efeito adverso raro, classicamente associada a altas doses de quimioterapia sistémica com busulfan para transplante de medula óssea. Recentemente têm sido descritos casos de alopécia permanente pós-quimioterapia em doentes submetidos a quimioterapia sistémica com taxanos no carcinoma da mama. Na revisão da literatura não existem orientações terapêuticas consistentes para esta entidade com impacto importante na qualidade de vida dos doentes. Descreve-se o caso de uma doente de 38 anos que desenvolveu alopecia inaugural e permanente após quimioterapia com taxanos (docetaxel) para carcinoma da mama, com 2 anos de evolução à data da observação. Após 6 meses de tratamento tópico com solução de minoxidil 5%, em regime bidiário, assistiu-se a resposta clínica favorável. Os autores revêm o provável mecanismo patológico da alopécia permanente pós-quimioterapia, bem como os efeitos do minoxidil tópico no ciclo do cabelo, por forma a sustentar este fármaco como opção terapêutica a considerar neste tipo de alopecia.
A tricoscopia como Pista para o Diagnóstico
Authors: Kieselová Katarína , Santiago Felicidade , Guiote Victória , Henrique Martinha
Published: December 2017

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MENIMBANG PRINSIP ”DUTY OF CARE”: ‘PEMBELI’ MELAWAN ‘PEMBELI’ DALAM SENGKETA JUAL BELI TANAH
Authors: Putro Widodo Dwi , Zuhairi Ahmad
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAKSengketa jual beli tanah dalam perkara ini menyeret pihak penjual yang telah menjual objek yang sama kepada dua pembeli dalam dua kali transaksi. Pembeli kedua (penggugat) melayangkan gugatannya terhadap pembeli pertama (tergugat II). Posisi hukumnya dilematis. Kedua pembeli sama-sama merasa mempunyai hak atas tanah sengketa karena telah membeli objek yang sama dari penjual. Untuk membuktikan siapa pembeli yang berhak, hakim perlu mempertimbangkan asas "iktikad baik" (good faith), sebagai dasar untuk menentukan pembeli yang patut mendapat perlindungan hukum. Permasalahannya, kedua pembeli sama-sama mengklaim dirinya adalah pembeli yang beriktikad baik. Sehingga, untuk menilai siapa pembeli yang patut mendapat perlindungan hukum, hakim berpegangan pada prinsip duty of care, dengan mempertimbangkan siapa pembeli yang berhati-hati dan cermat memeriksa data yuridis dan data fisik sebelum dan saat jual beli dilakukan. Prinsip duty of care ini bersifat abstrak, maka metode penulisan yang digunakan, menelusuri dan mengkaji pendapat para ahli hukum perdata dan agraria untuk didialogkan dengan putusan-putusan hakim. Perkembangan putusan-putusan pengadilan mengenai pembeli beriktikad baik yang mengadopsi prinsip duty of care, seharusnya menjadi 'pegangan' para hakim dalam menangani kasus yang serupa, untuk menilai kapan pembeli dikategorikan sebagai pembeli beriktikad baik.Kata kunci: iktikad baik, perlindungan hukum, duty of care, data yuridis dan fisik.ABSTRACTThe dispute of land sale and purchase in this case drag the seller who had sold the same object to two buyers in two transactions. The second buyer (plaintiff) filed a lawsuit against the first buyer (defendant II). Its legal standing created a dilemma. Both buyers felt equally entitled to be the owner of the disputed land, which is the same object purchased from the seller. In providing evidence of the most eligible buyer, the judge should take into consideration the principle of "good faith" as the basis for determining the buyer deserving legal protection. The problem is that both buyers claimed that they were buyers of good faith. Therefore, to appraise which buyer deserving the legal protection, the judges adhered to principle of "duty of care" by taking into account which one of them was carefully and meticulously reading-through the juridical and physical data prior to and during the sale and purchase of the land was conducted. Given the abstract nature of the principle of "duty of care" the analysis method used in this discussion is exploring and studying the opinions of the experts of civil and agrarian law as to be juxtaposed with the decisions of the judges. The development of court decisions related to the issue of good faith buyers adopting the principle of "duty of care" should serve as a reference for the judges in handling similar cases to determine a good faith buyer.Keywords: good faith, legal protection, duty of care, juridical and physical data.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP “KEPENTINGAN TERBAIK BAGI ANAK” DALAM KASUS TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA
Authors: Ohoiwutun Y. A. Triana , Samsudi Samsudi
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAKPutusan Nomor 229/Pid.B/2012/PN.Jpr memutuskan sanksi pidana penjara terhadap anak pengguna narkotika, tanpa disertai tindakan rehabilitasi medis dan rehabilitasi sosial. Kewajiban pemeriksaan dokter ahli jiwa untuk menentukan urgensi tindakan rehabilitasi telah dikesampingkan oleh hakim di dalam memutus kasus. Permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi urgensi keterangan ahli dalam pemeriksaan ajudikasi tindak pidana narkotika dan aplikasi prinsip "kepentingan terbaik bagi anak" dalam penjatuhan sanksi terhadap anak pengguna narkotika. Metode penulisan berbasis pada penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder. Data penelitian berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif, yaitu penelitian hukum kualitatif (qualitative-legal research). Penjatuhan sanksi pidana penjara tanpa tindakan rehabilitasi terhadap anak pengguna narkotika tidak sejalan dengan tujuan pemidanaan. Prinsip individualisasi pidana dan prinsip double track system sebenarnya dapat diterapkan dalam kasus tindak pidana narkotika oleh pelaku anak. Hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi terhadap anak seharusnya berorientasi pada prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, sehingga pemidanaan terhadap anak, khususnya pidana perampasan kemerdekaan digunakan sebagai upaya terakhir (ultimum remedium).Kata kunci: keterangan ahli, pertanggungjawaban pidana, hukum pembuktian. ABSTRACTThe Court Decision Number 229/Pid.B/2012/PN.Jpr imposed sanctions of imprisonment against the children of drug users without any of medical and social rehabilitation measures. The provision on the examination of the psychiatrist to settle on the urgency of rehabilitation measures have been ruled out by the judges in deciding the case. The problems outlined embrace the urgency of testifying expert witnesses in the adjudication of narcotic crime case and the implementation of the "best interests of the child" measure in the imposition of sanction on the children of drug users. The analytical method used is based on normative legal research using secondary data sources. The research data are in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The data were analyzed qualitatively through a method of qualitative legal research. Imposing sanction of imprisonment with no rehabilitation measures on the children of drug users is inconsistent with the objective of sentencing. The principle of individualization of punishment and double track system can actually be implemented in the case of narcotic crime involving children offender. The judge in imposing sanctions on the children should be oriented to the measure of best interests of children, so that conviction for a criminal offence against children, particularly deprivation of liberty is done as a last resort (ultimum remedium).Keywords: expert witnesses, criminal responsibility, rules of evidence.
PROBLEM MELINDUNGI HAK BERAGAMA DAN BERKEYAKINAN BAGI KELOMPOK MINORITAS MELALUI PENGADILAN
Authors: Wijaya Endra
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAKJaminan terhadap hak untuk memeluk agama dan keyakinan sudah dijamin melalui konstitusi Indonesia, tapi jaminan konstitusional itu belumlah cukup. Penegakan hak untuk memeluk agama dan keyakinan masih perlu didukung dengan instrumen hukum lainnya, dan salah satunya ialah putusan pengadilan. Dalam konteks seperti itu, maka keberadaan Putusan Nomor 69/PID.B/2012/PN.SPG menarik untuk dicermati. Putusan tersebut berkaitan erat dengan isu penegakan hak untuk memeluk agama dan keyakinan di Indonesia, terutama bagi kelompok minoritas. Fokus permasalahan dalam tulisan ini akan diarahkan kepada persoalan bagaimanakah substansi Putusan Nomor 69/PID.B/2012/PN.SPG dilihat dari perspektif penegakan hak asasi manusia, khususnya hak asasi manusia untuk secara bebas (tanpa tekanan) memilih dan memeluk suatu agama dan keyakinan. Dalam melakukan analisis, penulis menggunakan metode kajian kepustakaan dengan bersandar pada data sekunder. Analisis akan dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan metode pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan metode pendekatan konseptual. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari analisis ialah bahwa Putusan Nomor 69/PID.B/2012/PN.SPG cenderung masih berupaya mencapai aspek keadilan prosedural. Semangat untuk mengedepankan penegakan hak asasi manusia, khususnya hak beragama dan berkeyakinan bagi kelompok minoritas, tidak tampak dalam putusan tersebut.Kata kunci: hak beragama dan berkeyakinan, kelompok minoritas, putusan pengadilan. ABSTRACTThe rights to freedom of religion and belief has been guaranteed under the Indonesian Constitution, although it is not enough. Enforcement of the right to religion and belief still needs to be supported by other legal instruments, one of which is the court ruling. In that context, Court Decision Number 69/PID.B/2012/PN.SPG is interesting to study. Decision Number 69/PID.B/2012/PN.SPG is closely related to the issue of enforcing the right to embrace religion and belief in Indonesia, especially for minority groups. The focus of the problem in this paper leads to the question of how the substance of Court Decision Number 69/PID.B/2012/PN.SPG is viewed from the perspective of human rights enforcement, especially the rights to freedom (without pressure) of religion and belief. The method of analysis employed is literature study by relying on secondary data. The analysis is conducted qualitatively by the legislation and conceptual approach. From the analysis largely it can be concluded that Court Decision Number 69/PID.B/2012/PN.SPG still tends to grasp the aspect of procedural justice. The spirit to encourage human rights enforcement, especially religious rights for minority groups is not evident in the decision.Keywords: the right to freedom of religion and belief, minority, court decision.
PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG TANPA DAKWAAN TINDAK PIDANA ASAL
Authors: Halif Halif
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAKDalam surat dakwaan Putusan Nomor 57/PID.SUS/2014/PN.SLR, penuntut umum mendakwa dengan pasal tindak pidana pencucian uang tanpa bersamaan dengan pasal tindak pidana asal, sebagaimana diatur secara limitatif dalam Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. Hal yang demikian berdampak kepada hakim dalam membuktikan unsur tindak pidana pencucian uang yang diketahui atau patut diduga hasil dari tindak pidana asal. Permasalahan yang menarik untuk dianalisis adalah 1) mengapa penentuan bentuk dakwaan menjadi penting dalam tindak pidana pencucian uang?; dan 2) bagaimanakah hakim membuktikan unsur tindak pidana pencucian uang jika tindak pidana asal tidak didakwakan? Untuk menganalisis permasalahan tersebut digunakanlah metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Penentuan bentuk dakwaan dalam tindak pidana pencucian uang menjadi dasar bagi hakim untuk menentukan sistem pembuktian dalam membuktikan unsur. Dengan pembuktian yang tepat hakim dapat membuktikan unsur tindak pidana pencucian uang. Oleh karena itu, penyusunan surat dakwaan yang tepat dalam tindak pidana pencucian uang menjadi hal yang sangat penting.Kata kunci: pencucian uang, dakwaan, pembuktian. ABSTRACTIn the accusation of Court Decision Number 57/PID.SUS/2014/PN.SLR, the prosecutor filed the accusation with the article of money laundering crime without referring to the article on the predicate crime, as regulated in Article 2 of Law on Money Laundering Crime. Such matters affect the judges in proving the elements of money laundering crime known or reasonably suspected to be the result of a predicate crime. Issues of interest to review in the analysis are: 1) why does determining the form of the accusation play important role in the money laundering crime? and 2) how does the judge prove the element of money laundering crime if the predicate crime is not accused? To analyse these problems, the juridical-normative method with legislative and conceptual approaches was used in this analysis. The accusation form determination in money laundering crime becomes the basis for the judge to determine the proof system in proving the element. With the precise proof the judge can prove the element of money laundering crime. It is therefore vey important to precisely write the accusation letter in the money laundering crime. However in proving the money laundering crime the predicate crime should be proved first. Keywords: money laundering, accusation, proof.
Effect of Number of Wire Mesh Layers and Depth Ratio on Ultimate Shear Force for Monopanel Beam Specimens
Authors: Al-Talqany Faris J.
Published: December 2017

A monopanel is the system building witch consists of two thin ferrocement block as a faces and  between them a bushy layer of low strength, density and cost as a core made from lightweight material for example from polystyrene foam as using in this investigation  or any material as an insulation .

The simple structural idealization of a monopanel system is that the core provides transverse trusses between the faces that prevent flexural ,shear force and compression. Transverse trusses made of steel bars having a diameter of 3.2 mm, which make available as tie reinforcement to prevent the thin ferrocement skins from local buckling, have been used in the present work. These transfer system consist of two longitudinal bars connected by inclined steel bar forming trusses shape making an angle equals to 60o with the longitudinal bars.

The main object of this research is to present an experimental investigation on the behavior and load carrying capacity of monopanel beams. The experimental work includes testing six groups of  monopanel beams, and has been investigated the effect of a different depths of monopanel beams and number of layer of wire mesh of skin faces (one or two layers )  on the behavior and the ultimate load capacity. Also comparison of these results with the ACI code 318M-08 formulations have been made.
The Rhythm of Divorce by The Wife is A Legal Study of Sussio in the City of Diwaniya
Authors: حنيوي وسن حمودي
Published: December 2017

Divorce as a form of familial dissociation has occupied an important position in the issues of modern societies . For it has influential effect on the stability of the family and social building that women are considered the backbone of it . The Iraqi society like all societies ,is suffering  today from the increase in the rates of divorce ,statistics show that women hold the big part in the issue of divorce. Women either go to court and ask for a lawyer to go through divorce or ask directly from their husbunds for divorce giving up all her rights . this makes women being the first to ask for divorce which was proved by the personal status courts . Beacuase  of the danger of such phenomena this study tries to shed light on the reasons behind it through investigating and interviewing (125)divorced women in the city of Al- Dewniya the study is divided into two sections . the first section is concerned with the theoretical part which contains three chapter one deals with the definition, limitation and the problem of the study . The second chapter shows the right for women to ask for divorce throughout xhistory .The last chapter deals with the reasons behind the women asking for divorce.

The second section deals with the practical side of the study Chapter one is all about the social research methodology while the second chapter is concerned with the analysis and discussion of the results that were obtained through the interview . Results of the study showed important facts concerning this very serious issue some of them are   

1.there is a relation between early marriage and the increase in the rates of divorce among women who asked fmooor it less than age 18 .

2.the effect of the family is not only on determining their daughters marriages but also their divorced .

3.the reasons behind women asking for divorce were a lot but the most prominent one 100% was the abuse wives witness by their husbands . then the husbands being reluctant to bay expenditure, also the husband practicing harmful behavior like drinking alcohol and drugs and marital cheating .

4.Results also proved that wives asking for divorce in the courts had already tried a lot to settle out their problems trying to come to a compromise in a friendly way .

Finally the study had some recommendations like a total review is very urgent for the personal status legislation especially laws concerning  family abuse against wives , putting laws against early marriage ,putting  laws against polygamy and increasing incomes of those who are poor.
Facilitating a More Efficient Commercial Review Process for Pediatric Drugs and Biologics
Authors: Rykhus Ryan , Shepard Zachary , Young Alix , Frisby Hadley , Calder Kailee , Coon Collin , Falk Justin , McAndrews Sydney , Turner Aspen , Chang Christina , Michelsohn Johanna , Petch Raegan , Dieker Sarah , Markworth Benjamin , Alamo-Perez Kevin , Hosack Aaron , Berg Jacob , Schmidt Christian , Storsberg Joachim , Brown Mark
Published: December 2017

Over the past two decades, the biopharmaceutical industry has seen unprecedented expansion and innovation in concert with significant technological advancements. While the industry has experienced marked growth, the regulatory system in the United States still operates at a capacity much lower than the influx of new drug and biologic candidates. As a result, it has become standard for months or even years of waiting for commercial approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. These regulatory delays have generated a system that stifles growth and innovation due to the exorbitant costs associated with awaiting approval from the nation’s sole regulatory agency. The recent re-emergence of diseases that impact pediatric demographics represents one particularly acute reason for developing a regulatory system that facilitates a more efficient commercial review process. Herein, we present a range of initiatives that could represent early steps toward alleviating the delays in approving life-saving therapeutics.
Characterization of Polyphenolic Content in the Aquatic Plants Ruppia cirrhosa and Ruppia maritima —A Source of Nutritional Natural Products
Authors: Hasle Enerstvedt Kjersti , Lundberg Anders , Jordheim Monica
Published: December 2017

Herein, the polyphenolic content in extracts of Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande and Ruppia maritima L.was fully characterized for the first time. High amounts of the main compound chicoric acid (CA) (≤30.2 ± 4.3 mg/g) were found in both Ruppia species. In addition, eight flavonoids, namely the 3-O-glucopyranosides and 3-O-galactopyranosides, as well as malonylated 3-O-glycosides of quercetin and isorhamnetin, were isolated and identified. The antioxidant activity of Ruppia cirrhosa extracts and isolated compounds was investigated spectrophotometrically by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging assay. IC50 values were 31.8–175.7 μg/mL for Ruppia cirrhosa extracts and 12.1–88.4 μg/mL for isolated flavonoids. Both individual and total phenolic and flavonoid content were quantified in crude extracts using analytical HPLC. The relative high amount of total flavonoids ranged from 5.9 to 14.7 mg/g in both species, with concentrations of individual flavonoids ranging from 0.4 to 2.9 mg/g dry weight. The content of chicoric acid was twofold more in Ruppia maritima than in Ruppia cirrhosa. Seasonal variation of the quantitative content in Ruppia cirrhosa was examined. Total flavonoid content ranged from 8.4 mg/g in October to 14.7 mg/g in August, whereas the highest concentration of chicoric acid was observed in March (29.2 mg/g).
Regional Heritability Mapping Provides Insights into Dry Matter Content in African White and Yellow Cassava Populations
Authors: Okeke Uche Godfrey , Akdemir Deniz , Rabbi Ismail , Kulakow Peter , Jannink Jean‐Luc
Published: December 2017

The HarvestPlus program for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) fortifies cassava with β‐carotene by breeding for carotene‐rich tubers (yellow cassava). However, a negative correlation between yellowness and dry matter (DM) content has been identified. We investigated the genetic control of DM in white and yellow cassava. We used regional heritability mapping (RHM) to associate DM with genomic segments in both subpopulations. Significant segments were subjected to candidate gene analysis and candidates were validated with prediction accuracies. The RHM procedure was validated via a simulation approach and revealed significant hits for white cassava on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 10, 17, and 18, whereas hits for the yellow were on chromosome 1. Candidate gene analysis revealed genes in the carbohydrate biosynthesis pathway including plant serine–threonine protein kinases (SnRKs), UDP (uridine diphosphate)‐glycosyltransferases, UDP‐sugar transporters, invertases, pectinases, and regulons. Validation using 1252 unique identifiers from the SnRK gene family genome‐wide recovered 50% of the predictive accuracy of whole‐genome single nucleotide polymorphisms for DM, whereas validation using 53 likely genes (extracted from the literature) from significant segments recovered 32%. Genes including an acid invertase, a neutral or alkaline invertase, and a glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase were validated on the basis of an a priori list for the cassava starch pathway, and also a fructose‐biphosphate aldolase from the Calvin cycle pathway. The power of the RHM procedure was estimated as 47% when the causal quantitative trait loci generated 10% of the phenotypic variance (sample size = 451). Cassava DM genetics are complex and RHM may be useful for complex traits.
Polychaetes of Greece: an updated and annotated checklist
Authors: Faulwetter Sarah , Simboura Nomiki , Katsiaras Nikolaos , Chatzigeorgiou Giorgos , Arvanitidis Christos
Published: December 2017

The last annotated checklist of marine polychaetes in Greece was published in 2001. Since then, global taxonomic progress, combined with many new species records for Greece, required a thorough review of the taxonomic, nomenclatural and biogeographic status of the national species list. This checklist revises the status of all extant polychaete species reported from the Greek Exclusive Economic Zone since 1832. The work was undertaken as part of the efforts on compiling a national species inventory (Greek Taxon Information System initiative) in the framework of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure.

This checklist comprises an updated and annotated inventory of polychaete species in Greek waters, compiled from literature reports, online databases, museum collections and unpublished datasets. The list provides information on 836 species-level taxa from Greece, of which 142 are considered questionable. An additional 84 species reported in the past are currently considered absent from Greece; reasons for the exclusion of each species are given. Fourteen species are reported here for the first time from Greek waters. At least 52 species in the present list constitute in fact a complex of cryptic or pseudo-cryptic species. Forty-seven species are considered non-native to the area. In addition to the species-level taxa reported in this checklist, eleven genera have been recorded from Greece with no representatives identified to species level. One replacement name is introduced. For each species, a comprehensive bibliographic list of occurrence records in Greece and the synonyms used in these publications are provided as supplementary material. Where necessary, the taxonomic, nomenclatural or biogeographic status is discussed. Finally, the findings are discussed in the wider context of Mediterranean polychaete biogeography, taxonomic practice and worldwide research progress.
Gouverner par le marché
Authors: Nay Olivier
Published: December 2017

Cet article s’intéresse aux relations entre gouvernement et marché dans les politiques de développement. Il montre que l’essor des mécanismes marchands dans la mise en œuvre de l’aide internationale est un phénomène institutionnel lié aux nouvelles stratégies d’intervention des États bailleurs du développement. Nous avançons tout d’abord l’idée que l’intégration des arènes de gouvernement et des espaces du marché a été largement encouragée par les réformes de gouvernance impulsées par les États au nom d’une meilleure efficacité de l’aide. Nous montrons ensuite que la prolifération des normes privées internationales utilisées dans les pratiques de développement renvoie, pour partie, à un processus de délégation d’autorité par lequel des États confient à des organismes privés un pouvoir d’édicter des normes, tout en conservant des moyens d’en contrôler la pleine effectivité. Au final, le marché constitue, pour les États bailleurs, une nouvelle modalité de conduite de leur politique internationale, transférant une partie de la charge de l’aide au développement aux acteurs privés, tout en leur offrant, en retour, l’ouverture de nouveaux marchés rémunérateurs.
Aménager, subvertir et contester l’ordre électoral
Authors: Mitsushima Nagisa
Published: December 2017

Paris, 1815 : l’introduction du suffrage bouleverse les mécanismes de domination. L’article montre le rôle qu’a eu en France la philanthropie dans l’acclimatation du système représentatif, tant pour le roi qui cherche à ménager ses aristocraties dans ce moment d’incertitude que pour l’aristocratie libérale qui s’en saisit pour subvertir l’ordre électoral. Mode d’action privilégié de la haute noblesse, la philanthropie devient, dans un contexte de radicalisation partisane, une modalité essentielle de la contestation.
Corps travaillés dans la lutte. Fabriquer des lutteurs de làmb à Dakar
Authors: Fanoli Francesco
Published: December 2017

Cet article vise à dépasser une distinction simpliste entre aspects « mystiques » et pragmatiques des « techniques du corps » des lutteurs de làmb (lutte avec frappe) à Dakar, en saisissant leurs effets en termes de subjectivation. En décrivant des stratégies de contrôle de l’incorporation des puissances externes (alliés et forces « mystiques ») et de la circulation des informations sensibles, des prises de lutte et des pratiques de l’« invisible » mises en œuvre par les membres d’une écurie (gymnase d’entraînement), nous saisirons l’imbrication entre ces deux aspects. Enfin, nous examinerons la contribution de ces techniques à la production de dispositions et de contraintes morales centrales dans le monde de la lutte avec frappe.
Atti Sociali
Authors: Italiana Società Entomologica
Published: December 2017

non disponibile
Breviclypeus, a new South African Trichiina genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)
Authors: Ricchiardi Enrico , Perissinotto Renzo , Clennell Lynette
Published: December 2017

A new genus, Breviclypeus gen. nov., endemic to South Africa, is erected. The type species is here designated to be Agenius rufipennis Gory & Percheron 1833 (comb. nov.). A second species, Campulipus plagosus (Pèringuey, 1885) is recognized to belong into this new genus (comb. nov.). Consequently, the genus Campulipus Kirby, 1827 is now represented by three species only, Campulipus limbatus (Olivier, 1789), Campulipus clavus (Schaum, 1844) and Campulipus suturalis (Waterhouse, 1885). A fourth taxon, Agenius nobilis J. Thomson, 1878 is here transferred to Campulipus (comb. nov.) and synonymized with C. limbatus (syn. nov.) The two genera not only exhibit key morphological differences, but also occupy different habitats and diverge substantially in their ecology. An updated key of the genera of South African Trichiina is also provided. A separate key is provided for the genus Breviclypeus.
Two new African and Madagascan species of the genus Holochlora (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae)
Authors: Massa Bruno
Published: December 2017

Two new species, Holochlora mauritiana and H. ingrischi from the island of Mauritius and Zimbabwe, respectively, are described. Along with a third species, H. biloba Stål, 1874 from Madagascar, they are the sole African representatives of the mostly Oriental genus Holochlora Stål, 1873, including ca. 60 taxa distributed from India to China. Preliminary hypotheses on biogeographical and evolutionary origin of Afro-Madagascan Holochlora species are shortly discussed.
Strange loves: a remarkable case of aberrant copulation in beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Di Giulio Andrea , Gisondi Silvia , Molfini Marco , Riccieri Alessandra , Scarparo Giulia , Bologna Marco Alberto
Published: December 2017

A case of copulation between two mimic and repellent beetle species (a male of Timarcha fracassii, and a female of Meloe autumnalis), belonging to distinct families (Chrysomelidae, Meloidae), is recorded.
Nutritional problems of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after hospital discharge
Authors: Lista Gianluca , Meneghin Fabio , Bresesti Ilia , Cavigioli Francesco
Published: December 2017

The last decades have seen significant improvements in the care of premature infants. The introduction of new approaches, especially in the ventilatory management, have led to significant increase of survival rate of low and extremely low gestational age infants. These populations of neonates, however, often experience prolonged mechanical ventilation, which is widely recognized to be closely related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development. The management of BPD, which is a multifactorial disease, requires a multidisciplinary approach and remains challenging for all the physicians involved. In fact, short and long-term sequelae are not only related to pulmonary performances but include neurological impairment and growth deficiency. A proper nutrition management since the very first days has shown to significantly contribute to the optimal maturation and functionality of the lung. In this paper, we aim to give an overall of the main principles of nutrition in infants born prematurely, with specific regard to the interventions, which could be relevant in infants affected by BPD.
Large vessel vasculitis: is it more common than usually assumed?
Authors: Cimmino M.A. , Camellino D.
Published: December 2017

Not available
Seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus & West Nile virus in Alappuzha district, Kerala
Authors: Balakrishnan Anukumar , Thekkekare Romy Jose , Sapkal Gajanan , Tandale Babasaheb V.
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:

Several outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) have been reported in Alappuzha district, Kerala State, India, in the past. The aetiology of these outbreaks was either inconclusive or concluded as probable Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection based on clinical presentation. The role of West Nile virus (WNV) in AES outbreaks was also determined. However, the extent of WNV infection has not been studied in this region previously. A population-based cross-sectional serosurvey study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of JEV and WNV in Alappuzha district.

Methods:

A total of 30 clusters were identified from 12 blocks and five municipalities as per the probability proportional to size sampling method. A total of 1125 samples were collected from all age groups. A microneutralization assay was performed to estimate the prevalence of JEV and WNV neutralizing antibodies in the sample population.

Results:

Of 1125 serum samples tested, 235 [21.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 15.2-27.8%] and 179 (15.9%, 95% CI: 9.6-22.3%) were positive for neutralizing antibodies against WNV and JEV, respectively. In addition, 411 (34.5%, 95% CI: 26.7-42.2%) were positive for cross-reactive antibodies against flaviviruses.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The study showed the seroprevalence of WNV and JEV antibodies in the surveyed area and the WNV seroprevalence was greater than JEV. It is necessary to create awareness in public and adopt suitable policy to control these diseases.
Coexistence of metallo-beta-lactamase-encoding genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mohanam Lavanya , Menon Thangam
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:

The emergence and rapid spread of carbapenem resistance mediated by metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is of major concern due to limited therapeutic options. This study was aimed at detecting the presence of MBL and its association with integrons in imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates and to determine their genetic relatedness.

Methods:

A total of 213 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from two tertiary care centres and tested against anti-pseudomonal antibiotics by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, followed by the detection of MBL production by combined disk method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of meropenem was determined by E-test. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of bla
SPM
, bla
IMP, bla
VIM, bla
NDM, bla
GIM and bla
SIM. PCR was carried out to characterize the variable region of class 1 integron. Transcongujation assay was carried out for the confirmation of plasmid-mediated resistance. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (ERIC)-PCR was performed for determining the genetic relatedness among P. aeruginosa isolates.

Results:

Of the 213 P. aeruginosa isolates, 22 (10%) were found to be carbapenem resistant and these were from pus 18 (82%), urine 2 (9%), sputum 1 (5%) and tracheal wash 1 (5%). Among 22 isolates, 18 (81.8%) were found to be MBL producers by phenotypic method and MIC range of meropenem was 8 to >32 µg/ml. PCR amplification showed that 20 (91%) isolates carried any one of the MBL genes tested: bla
VIM and bla
NDM in seven (32%) and six (27%) isolates, respectively; bla
VIM and bla
NDM in three (14%); bla
IMP and bla
NDM in two (9%); bla
VIM and bla
IMP in one (5%) isolate. The bla
VIM, bla
IMP and bla
NDM were found to co-exist in one isolate. None of the isolates were positive for bla
SPM, bla
SIM and bla
GIM. All 22 isolates carried class I integron. Of the 20 MBL-positive isolates, transconjugants were obtained for 15 isolates. ERIC-PCR analysis showed all isolates to be clonally independent.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our results showed 10.3 per cent of carbapenem resistance among P. aeruginosa isolates, and the coexistence of MBL-encoding genes among P. aeruginosa mediated by class I integron.
Characterization of antimicrobial resistance markers & their stability in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Kumar Yashwant , Sharma Anshu , Mani Kavaratty Raju
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:

Typhoid fever is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries including India. Resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents is an emerging global problem that has serious impact on the treatment of disease. There are many factors associated with the emergence of resistance. Most important of them is the acquisition and further transmission and spread of resistance markers among various bacterial species. Therefore, we conducted this study to characterize the resistance plasmids in terms of their transferability and stability among Salmonella
enterica serovar Typhi.

Methods:

Six multidrug-resistant S. Typhi isolates were evaluated for the stability and transfer of resistance markers. The resistance plasmids were also checked for the presence of RepHI1A replicon.

Results:

All resistance markers were found to be transferred to the recipient through conjugation and transformation, except for nalidixic acid. None of the resistance plasmid was found to harbour RepHI1A replicon and therefore, did not belong to incompatibility group IncHI1. Resistance markers were found to be highly stable in all the isolates during serial passages and storage as stab cultures at different temperatures for different time periods.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Resistance markers for chloramphenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin and trimethoprim were transferred through conjugation as well as transformation whereas that for nalidixic acid was not transferred in any of the isolates. Markers for chloramphenicol and streptomycin resistance were found to be most stable during various storage conditions. Presence of small-sized non-IncHI1 resistance plasmids is a matter of concern due to their capability to exist inside the host, thereby increasing the possibility of their transmission and spread among S. Typhi and other bacterial species.
Discursive Heterogeneity in Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham’s Travel Account Mogreb-El-Acksa: A Journey in Morocco (1898)
Authors: Aammari Lahoucine
Published: December 2017

Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham is a less-examined British traveller who made his peregrinations into Western Barbary, or the “Land of the Furthest West,” in the late nineteenth century, the era of full-blown empire. He reveals his solid support for the British Empire and its complex discursive apparatuses. Expressing his Orientalist desire to know Moroccans as Other, this traveller claims an epistemological mastery and narrative invasion over the field of his observation. However, the traveller is not a wholly root-and-branch imperialist; he is caught between narrative mastery and a fantasy of Western Barbary as a toponym, where his different desires can be validated and an image of Moroccan society as an impenetrable, concealed domain of inaccessibility and total invisibility. These paradoxical viewpoints reveal certain discursive “heterogeneities, inconsistencies and slippages” (Lowe 1991, 7) within Graham’s travel account Mogreb-El-Acksa: A Journey in Morocco (1898).
Biomass burning emissions disturbances on the isoprene oxidation in a tropical forest
Authors: Santos Fernando C. , Longo Karla M. , Guenther Alex B. , Kim Saewung , Gu Dasa , Oram Dave E. , Forster Grant L. , Lee James , Hopkins James R. , Brito Joel F. , Freitas Saulo R.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We present a characterization of the chemical composition of the atmosphere of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest based on trace gases measurements carried out during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) airborne experiment in September 2012. We analyzed the observations of primary biomass burning emission tracers, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), isoprene, and its main oxidation products, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR), and hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH). The focus of SAMBBA was primarily on biomass burning emissions, but there were also several flights in areas of the Amazon forest not directly affected by biomass burning, revealing a background with a signature of biomass burning in the chemical composition due to long-range transport of biomass burning tracers from both Africa and the eastern part of Amazonia. We used the [MVK + MACR + ISOPOOH] / [Isoprene] ratio and the hydroxyl radical (OH) indirect calculation to assess the oxidative capacity of the Amazon forest atmosphere. We compared the background regions (CO