bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial proteases and its biotechnological prospects
Authors:   Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Lucknow (226025), India, Baghel Vinay Singh , Hare Vishvas Hare ,   Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Lucknow (226025), India, Katiyar Pragati ,   Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Lucknow (226025), India, Bharti Nisha ,   Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Lucknow (226025), India
Published: October 2024

Bacterial proteases, a diverse group of enzymes produced by various bacterial species, hold significant potential in biotechnology due to their unique properties and wide range of applications. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins, and their functionality under various conditions makes them highly valuable in industrial processes. The biotechnological prospects of bacterial proteases encompass several industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, leather, and detergents. In the pharmaceutical industry, bacterial proteases are instrumental in the synthesis of peptide-based drugs and the development of novel therapeutic agents. Their specific action on proteins is utilized in drug formulation and delivery systems. In the food industry, these enzymes play a crucial role in processing proteins, modifying food texture, and enhancing flavor profiles. They are also used in the production of protein-rich dietary supplements. The leather industry benefits from bacterial proteases in the eco-friendly processing of hides, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical-based methods. In detergent formulations, these enzymes contribute to effective stain removal at various temperature and pH ranges, enhancing cleaning efficiency. Recent advancements in biotechnology, including recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering, have further expanded the scope of bacterial protease applications. These technologies enable the enhancement of enzyme properties, such as stability, specificity, and activity under extreme conditions, making them more suitable for industrial applications.
ТАРИХИ ТАМЫРЛАРДАН ДИАСПОРА КӨПІРІНЕ: ШЫҒЫС ТҮРКІСТАННАН ТҮРКИЯҒА ҚАЗАҚТАРДЫҢ КӨШІ ЖӘНЕ ОНЫҢ НӘТИЖЕЛЕРІ
Authors: Қара Әбдіуақап
Published: October 2024

Бұл мақалада 1950 жылдары Шығыс Түркістаннан Түркияға қоныс аударған қазақтардың көш процесі мен оның нәтижелері қарастырылады. Шығыс Түркістандағы саяси қысымдар мен этникалық қақтығыстар 1930 жылдардан бастап қазақтардың көшуіне себеп болды. Қытай билеушілерінің әділетсіз саясаты, әсіресе Оспан батыр сияқты жетекшілердің басшылығымен көтерілістер мен көш-қон қозғалыстарын тездетті. Үдере көшкен қазақтар Тибет, Үндістан және Пәкістан арқылы ауыр сапарды бастан өткеріп, 1952 жылы Түркияға жетті. Мақала осыкөштің себептері, кезеңдері және қазақ қоғамының Түркияға қоныстану үдерісін зерттейді. Сонымен қатар, Түркиядағы қазақ диаспорасының мәдени тұтастығын сақтау жолындағы әрекеттері мен Түркия мен Қазақстан арасындағы қатынастарды нығайтудағы рөлі де атап өтіледі. Бұл көшу тек физикалық қозғалыс емес, сонымен қатар қазақтардың тіл, дін және мәдени құнды-лықтарын сақтау күресінің бір бөлігі болды. Түркияға қоныс аударған қазақтардың тәуелсіз Қазақстан мен Түркия арасындағы қатынастардың дамуына маңызды үлесіболды. Сөйтіп бұл диаспора Түркия мен Қазақстан арасындағы мәдени және саяси байланыстардың күшеюіне ықпал еткен көпір рөлін атқаруда.
DEVELOPMENT OF STATE RELIGIOUS POLICY IN KAZAKHSTAN: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES
Authors: Khamzina Zh. , Kalkayeva N. , Turlykhankyzy K.
Published: October 2024

The study provides an analysis of the evolution of state religious policy in Kazakhstan, with special emphasis on an integrated approach that combines strategic guidelines with practical measures aimed at promoting religious harmony and strengthening national security. A detailed analysis of the legal, administrative, and practical aspects of interaction between the state and religious institutions is conducted, emphasizing the critical importance of preserving the secular model of governance that promotes freedom of conscience, religious tolerance, and the prevention of interreligious conflicts. A comprehensive review of existing literature, combined with empirical data collected from various governmental and non-governmental sources, as well as a comparative analysis of the practices of other secular states, reveals significant public support for the current religious policy. However, the study also identifies key challenges facing Kazakhstan, such as the growing threat of religious extremism, demographic pressures, and the need to update the legal framework. The main findings of the work emphasize the need to develop a holistic concept of state policy in the religious sphere, including legal, methodological, and organizational measures that will effectively manage religious diversity in the country. The conclusion presents strategic recommendations aimed at further improving Kazakhstan’s religious policy, which will contribute to strengthening socio-political stability and ensuring a balanced, progressive approach to religious issues in the context of modern challenges of globalization and regional changes.
ҚАРСЫЛЫҚТІЛІ: XIX ҒАСЫРДАҒЫАҚЫН-ЖЫРАУШЫҒАРМАШЫЛЫҒЫНДАҒЫҚАЗАҚТАРДЫҢАЗАТТЫҚКҮРЕСІНІҢМӘТІНДІКТАЛДАУЫ
Authors: Калиева Е.Т.
Published: October 2024

МақаладаРесейдіңимпериялықбасқаруынақарсыазаттықкүресіконтекстіндеXIX ғасырдағыақын-жыраудыңпоэтикалықшығармаларыныңқарсылықтытілінеталдаужүргізіледі. СүгірМырзалыұлының(XIX ғ.) 1969-1870 жылдардағы«Ереженің» өміргеенгізілуінебайланыстыдүниегекелген«Болғандаханыңқазық, биіңарқан» депбасталатынөлеңімен«Ауабіркөштікбіркүнде» шығармасы, ШыныязШонайұлының(XIX ғ.) «Жаңанизам» поэмасымен«Жебесішыныболаттансадағымның» өлеңдерімәтіндікталдауғатүскен. Бұлэтникалықорысемесәдебидереккөздердің-постколониялықпоэтиканыңжарқынмысалыретіндеұсынылған. Осышығармалармысалындаавтортарихишындықтыпостколониялыққабылдаудискурсыаясындаалыпзерттейді, осыөлеңдерменпоэмалардыекітүрліоқумүмкіндігінкөрсетеотырып, авторпатшаүкіметініңенгізген"жаңалықтарына" дегенхалықтыңкөзқарасын, психологиялықжәй-күйінсемантикалықсубтексттерменталдайды. Мәтінаралықөлшемавторлардықазақмәдениетіндегі"зар-заман" тақырыбыменбайланыстыруға, постколониалдық, поскеңестікҚазақстандаавторларқолданатынәдістердіңбірідептұжырымдауғамүмкіндікбереді. Мақсатыотаршылдыққақарсыкүресаясындатуындағанәдебишығармаларменшығармашылықтыталдауарқылыұлттықәдебиеттіңпостколониялықаспектілерінашу. Ақындаршығармашылдығынапостколониялықтәсілдіқолдануарқылыоқиғаныңжалпыкөрінісіменсолоқиғаныңжасырынжақтарынбайқауғаболады. Зерттеуөзтәуелсіздігіүшінкүрескезеңіндеқазақтардыңұлттықбірегейліктіңтілдікаспектілерінеәдебимәтіндікталдауғажүгінеді.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO DIAGNÓSTICO SOROLÓGICO (ELISA) NA TUBERCULOSE PULMONAR PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Antero Ingrid Bernardes , Silva Michel Santos da , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A tuberculose pulmonar, causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, representa um problema significativo de saúde pública global. Em crianças, o diagnóstico da tuberculose pode ser particularmente desafiador devido a sintomas menos evidentes e à dificuldade em obter amostras adequadas para exames diagnósticos tradicionais. Métodos comuns, como o teste tuberculínico (PPD) e a radiografia de tórax, frequentemente enfrentam limitações, especialmente em crianças pequenas e na detecção de formas atípicas da doença. Metodologia: Este estudo será um estudo de revisão sistemática, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do teste ELISA no diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar pediátrica com base em estudos recentes. A revisão incluirá análises de artigos de 2016 e 2024 para garantir a inclusão das informações mais atualizadas sobre o tema. Conclusão: Destaca a relevância prática do ELISA, e sugere áreas para futuras investigações. Ajuste conforme necessário para refletir as especificidades dos resultados da sua pesquisa e as conclusões derivadas dos estudos revisados.
Technical note: On the ice microphysics of isolated thunderstorms and non-thunderstorms in southern China – a radar polarimetric perspective
Authors: Zhao Chuanhong , Zhang Yijun , Zheng Dong , Li Haoran , Du Sai , Peng Xueyan , Liu Xiantong , Zhao Pengguo , Zheng Jiafeng , Shi Juan
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Determining whether a cloud will evolve into a thunderstorm is beneficial for understanding thunderstorm formation and also important for ensuring the safety of society. However, a clear understanding of the microphysics of clouds in terms of the occurrence of lightning activity has not been attained. Vast field observations and laboratory experiments indicate that graupel, which is rimed ice, is a vital hydrometeor for lightning generation and is the foundation of riming electrification. In this study, polarimetric radar and lightning observations are used to compare the ice microphysics associated with graupel between 57 isolated thunderstorms and 39 isolated non-thunderstorms, and the differences in radar parameters are quantified. Our results for the occurrence of lightning activity in clouds revealed the following results: (1) the maximum difference in graupel volume at the −10 °C isotherm height between thunderstorms and non-thunderstorms reached approximately 7.6 km3; (2) the graupel particles approached spherical shapes, with a mean differential reflectivity (ZDR) value of 0.3 dB, which likely indicated that heavily rimed graupel was present; (3) the median values of horizontal reflectivity (ZH) or ZDR at positions where the source initiation and channel of the first lightning flashes were nearly 31 dBZ or 0 dB; and (4) 98.2 % of the thunderstorms were equipped with a ZDR column, and the mean depth was ∼ 2.5 km. Our study deepens our understanding of lighting physics and thunderstorm formation.
Resolving the contributions of local emissions to measured concentrations: a method comparison
Authors: Edwards Taylor D. , Wong Yee Ka , Heong Cheol-Jeon , Wang Jonathan M. , Su Yushan , Evans Greg J.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. To accurately study the characteristics of an air pollution emitter, it is necessary to isolate the contribution of that emitter to total measured pollution concentrations. A variety of published methods exist to complete this task, like placing measurements upwind the emitter, employing a distant background measurement station, or algorithmic methods that extract a background from the time-series of measured concentrations (e.g., wavelet decomposition). In this study, we measured nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at four sites spanning Toronto, Ontario, Canada. We first characterized the spatial variability of background concentrations across the city, and then tested the accuracy of seven different algorithmic methods of estimating true measured upwind-of-emitter backgrounds near Toronto’s Highway 401 by using the data collected at a downwind site. These methods included time-series and regression methods, including machine learning (XGBoost). We observed background concentrations had notable spatial variability, except for PM2.5. When predicting backgrounds upwind the highway, we found a distant measurement station provided an accurate background only during some times of day and was least accurate during rush hours. When testing algorithmic predictions of upwind-of-highway backgrounds, we found that regression models outperformed time-series methods, with best predictions having R2 exceeding 0.75 for all four pollutants. Despite the better performance of regression models, time-series methods still provided reasonable estimates; we also found that emitter-specific covariates (e.g. traffic counts, onsite dispersion modelling) did not play an important role in regressions, suggesting backgrounds can be well-characterized by time of day, meteorology, and distant measurement stations. Based on our results, we provide ranked recommendations for choosing background estimation methods. We suggest future air pollution research characterizing individual emitters include careful consideration of how background concentrations are estimated.
Transferability of machine-learning-based modeling frameworks across flood events for hindcasting maximum river water depths in coastal watersheds
Authors: Pakdehi Maryam , Ahmadisharaf Ebrahim , Nazari Behzad , Cho Eunsaem
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Despite applications of machine learning (ML) models for predicting floods, their transferability for out-of-sample data has not been explored. This paper developed an ML-based model for hindcasting maximum river water depths during major events in coastal watersheds and evaluated its transferability across other events (out-of-sample). The model considered the spatial distribution of influential factors that explain the underlying physical processes to hindcast maximum river water depths. Our model evaluations in a six-digit hydrologic unity code (HUC6) watershed in the northeastern USA showed that the model satisfactorily hindcasted maximum water depths at 116 stream gauges during a major flood event, Hurricane Ida (R2 of 0.94). The pre-trained, validated model was successfully transferred to three other major flood events, hurricanes Isaias, Sandy, and Irene (R2>0.70). Our results showed that ML-based models can be transferable for hindcasting maximum river water depths across events when informed by the spatial distribution of pertinent features, their interactions, and underlying physical processes in coastal watersheds.
The Earthquake Risk Model of Switzerland, ERM-CH23
Authors: Papadopoulos Athanasios N. , Roth Philippe , Danciu Laurentiu , Bergamo Paolo , Panzera Francesco , Fäh Donat , Cauzzi Carlo , Duvernay Blaise , Khodaverdian Alireza , Lestuzzi Pierino , Odabaşi Ömer , Fagà Ettore , Bazzurro Paolo , Marti Michèle , Valenzuela Nadja , Dallo Irina , Schmid Nicolas , Kästli Philip , Haslinger Florian , Wiemer Stefan
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Understanding seismic risk at both the national and sub-national level is essential for devising effective strategies and interventions aimed at its mitigation. The Earthquake Risk Model of Switzerland (ERM-CH23), released in early 2023, is the culmination of a multidisciplinary effort aiming to achieve for the first time a comprehensive assessment of the potential consequences of earthquakes on the Swiss building stock and population. Having been developed as a national model, ERM-CH23 relies on very high-resolution site-amplification and building exposure datasets, which distinguishes it from most regional models to date. Several loss types are evaluated, ranging from structural–nonstructural and content economic losses to human losses, such as deaths, injuries, and displaced population. In this paper, we offer a snapshot of ERM-CH23, summarize key details on the development of its components, highlight important results, and provide comparisons with other models.
Wind farm layout optimization with alignment constraints
Authors: Malisani Paul , Bartement Tristan , Bozonnet Pauline
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Wind farm layout optimization involves placing wind turbines in a defined domain to minimize the expected production losses due to wake effects within the wind farm. Because of navigational regulations, tenders for offshore wind farms often impose so-called alignment constraints, i.e., wind turbines must be located at the intersections of a parallelogram-made grid. The shape and orientation of these parallelograms are to be optimally determined to minimize wake losses. To the authors' knowledge and despite its practical interest, the wind farm layout optimization problem with alignment constraints has not been investigated in the literature. The contributions of this paper are twofold: the first is a dedicated optimization method to handle this problem, and the second is to provide a challenging benchmark based on open data for layout optimization with alignment constraints.
Near wake behavior of an asymmetric wind turbine rotor
Authors: Yen Pin Chun , Yu Wei , Scarano Fulvio
Published: October 2024

Abstract. With symmetric rotors, tip vortex helices develop regularly before interacting, following the leapfrogging instability. This instability can occur earlier when the helices are radially offset by using blades of different lengths. This study investigates the spatio-temporal development of near-wake behavior for rotors with a significant blade length difference. Large eddy simulations with an actuator line model were conducted on a modified NREL 5MW wind turbine under both laminar and turbulent inflow conditions, to evaluate the impact of blade length differences ranging from 5 to 30 %. The study analyzed the development of tip vortex helices, the onset of leapfrogging, vortex merging, and, ultimately, their three-dimensional breakdown. The analysis is corroborated using a simplified two-dimensional point vortex model. The results show that the leapfrogging process begins immediately downstream of the vortex release when blades of different lengths are considered. The instability growth rate obtained from the 2D vortex model agrees with the LES results. Although the rotor asymmetry accelerates the leapfrogging and, in some conditions, also the vortex merging process, it proves insufficient to cause a large-scale breakdown of the helix system and, therefore, enhance wake recovery. Inflow turbulence, however, plays a larger role in wake recovery, promoting the breakdown of tip helical vortices regardless of rotor symmetry.
Force-partitioning analysis of vortex-induced vibrations of wind turbine tower sections
Authors: VimalKumar Shyam , De Tavernier Delphine , von Terzi Dominic , Belloli Marco , Viré Axelle
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of wind turbine towers during installation is an aero-structural problem of significant practical relevance. Vibrations may happen in the tower structure, especially when the rotor-nacelle assembly is not yet attached to the tower or if the rotor blades are not yet connected to the tower-nacelle assembly. The complexity of aeroelastic phenomena involved in VIV makes modelling and analysis challenging. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the fundamental mechanisms causing the onset and sustenance of vortex-induced vibrations. To gain more understanding of the nature of vibrations, a methodology is established that distinguishes between different components of the forces at play. This approach allows for identifying how various force components impact the oscillation of a rigid body. The method is executed using the OpenFOAM open-source software. Numerical simulations are conducted on a two-dimensional smooth cylinder at both subcritical and supercritical Reynolds numbers to establish a correlation between wind turbine tower vibrations and the force mechanism. The analysis involves performing unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations using the modified pimpleFoam solver with the k–ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. Both fixed and free-vibrating cases are studied for smooth cylinders. For the high-Reynolds-number cases, a setup matching the tower top segment of the IEA 15 MW reference wind turbine was chosen. Studying the flow around a cylinder at a subcritical Reynolds number reveals that the primary force involved is the vortex-induced force. The combined force due to viscosity, added mass, and vorticity contributes most to the overall force. For a freely vibrating cylinder with a single degree of freedom in the crossflow direction, the analysis indicates that the force component associated with the cylinder's motion is crucial and significantly affects the total force. Moreover, analysing the energy transfer between the fluid and the structure, a positive energy contribution by the vortex-induced force is observed on or before the dominant Strouhal velocity. This confirms observations at low Reynolds numbers in the literature that the vortex shedding predominantly contributes to the initiation of oscillations during VIV. The kinematic force contributes to the energy transfer of the system, but the mean energy transfer per cycle is negligible.
Persons in Context. A Model to Represent Observations and Reconstructions of Historical Persons in Linked Data
Authors: Woltjer Pieter E. , Zandhuis Ivo , Coret Bob , Lindeman Mark , Balkenende Jeroen D. , Zijdeman Richard L. , Mourits Rick J.
Published: October 2024

Reconstruction of historical persons and family ties is the bread and butter of many researchers and genealogists. With the increasing digital availability of historical person records, the scope and depth of person reconstructions speaks to the imagination of researchers and genealogists. Yet, the lack of standardisation in the description of historical person data has hurt the interoperability and sustainability of both small and large databases. Persons in Context, or PiCo, presents a data model for historical person records within the Resource Description Framework (RDF). RDF or Linked Data is specifically designed for clear, unambiguous information exchange between multiple parties over the internet. We show how reuse of existing ontologies and concentric description are the building blocks of a flexible, straightforward, and stringent data model that emphasises provenance.
Motives, Constraints and the Influence of the Context for the Presence of the
Female Public in Football Stadiums in Pernambuco – Brazil
Authors: Silva Mykaelly Beatriz da Costa , Barros Filho Marcos , Maciel Jorge Eduardo , Miranda Yves , Pedroso Carlos Augusto Mulatinho de Queiroz
Published: October 2024

Sports activities play a significant role in the utilization of leisure time, being highly sought after for both participation and attendance at events. Understanding the factors influencing individuals to attend games is crucial for sports organizations to attract more consumers and enhance club notoriety. Motivations, identification, and expectations can influence spectators' decisions to attend games. Men and women exhibit distinct personality traits that influence their motivation to attend games. Despite challenges, Brazilian teams are investing to increase engagement and establish a closer relationship with their fans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the motives, constraints, and contextual characteristics for the presence of female audiences in football stadiums in Pernambuco, Brazil. The methodology employed in this study was quantitative, exploratory, and survey-based, with the sample comprising 249 female fans aged 18 or older, who had attended at least one game of their supported team. The data collection instrument was a 19-dimension questionnaire covering internal and external motives, constraints, and contextual characteristics regarding female attendance at football stadiums. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Internal consistency of dimensions was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha test, with values equal to or greater than 0.60 considered acceptable. Subsequently, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using stadium attendance intention as the dependent variable to examine the predictive relationship of motives, constraints, and context. Results indicated escapism and drama as the primary motives for stadium attendance, while self-fulfillment and stadium location exhibited the highest means considering contextual variables. Conversely, other fans were identified as the primary constraints. Multiple linear regression revealed that team identification exhibited a positive and significant relationship with intentions to attend stadiums, whereas other leisure alternatives demonstrated a negative relationship.
Keywords: Marketing; Women; Motivation; Brazil.
Educomunicación en estudiantes adolescentes
Authors: González-Quiñones Fidel , Tarango Javier , Castro-Cobos Raul
Published: October 2024

La Educomunicación se ha convertido en una disciplina sólida en la formación de ciudadanos ante el exceso de generación de contenidos mediáticos y cuya condición de validez, genera distintos trastornos de información en los ecosistemas de comunicación. Esta propuesta expone resultados respecto a la influencia del uso de la radio y el podcast como herramientas para la enseñanza de la educación sexual en jóvenes adolescentes que cursan la Educación Media Superior (EMS), a través de una investigación tipo mixta dominante cuantitativa, basada en un diseño no experimental, cuyo análisis del fenómeno es descriptivo y transeccional. La recogida de datos proviene de un muestreo probabilístico de 348 sujetos participantes provenientes de cinco instituciones educativas ubicadas en una ciudad mexicana con una marcada influencia de la radio como medio fundamental para consumo de contenidos por la ciudadanía. El estudio se divide en tres secciones: (1) datos sociodemográficos; (2) percepciones hacia la educación sexual recibida en el aula; y (3) percepciones hacia la radio y el podcast como recursos de educación sexual. Los hallazgos principales de la investigación se orientan a la alta aceptación del podcast como un medio eficaz para promover la educación sexual, esto por encima de la radio y de la formación recibida en el aula, calificando estas opciones como de bajo impacto.
Impact of Literature in English Language Teaching - Challenges and Opportunities: A Literature Review
Authors: Satriani Satriani , Kisman Kisman , Hamma Rosmiati , Amaluddin Amaluddin , Larekeng Siti Hajar
Published: October 2024

The integration of literature into English language teaching (ELT) is increasingly recognized for its ability to enhance linguistic skills and cultural awareness. This literature review aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for best practices in applying literature within ELT across various educational contexts. Employing a literature review methodology, the study examines both primary and secondary sources, including recent articles, conference papers, and other relevant documents obtained from academic databases and online search engines such as Google Scholar and ERIC. The review process involves selecting pertinent publications, collecting and analyzing data, discussing related topics, integrating supporting information, and drawing conclusions. The findings reveal that while integrating literature into ELT presents certain challenges, such as selecting appropriate texts and addressing varied student proficiency levels, it also offers significant opportunities for enriching language instruction. Additionally, various effective strategies for integrating literature into ELT across different countries are identified. The study highlights the potential of literature to improve English language teaching and provides recommendations for leveraging literary resources to maximize educational benefits.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A PERSONALIZED TUTOR IN LANGUAGE LEARNING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Sangkala Ismail , Mardonovna Nargiza Sulaymanova
Published: October 2024

This systematic review comprehensively examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in personalized language learning. By analyzing existing research, the study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, challenges, and potential of AI-powered tutoring systems. Findings indicate that AI offers significant benefits, including tailored instruction, increased engagement, and improved accessibility. However, the review also highlights concerns such as data privacy, algorithm bias, and the need for human interaction. Overall, AI presents promising opportunities for enhancing language education, but careful consideration of ethical implications and technological limitations is essential for its successful implementation.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNING CASE STUDY OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM IN CLASS A EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Hasni Hasni , Sampelolo Rigel
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of information technology in interactive learning among college students. Data was obtained through the questionnaire, showing that information technology in interactive learning is very effective. Most students responded positively to accessibility, flexibility, interactivity, engagement, self-support, and variety of learning materials. Expressly, 100% of students agreed with the questions about these benefits. However, there were differences of opinion on several aspects. Regarding the suitability of learning speed and style, only 72.7 % of students felt that this system was suitable for their needs, while 27.3% thought it needed more. In addition, 90.9 % of students stated the ease of use and effectiveness of interaction, but some were still dissatisfied with these aspects. The conclusion of this study shows that although most students feel positive benefits from using information technology in learning, several areas need improvement, such as adjusting the speed and style of knowledge and the system's ease of use. Recommendations from this study include increasing system flexibility, optimizing interface design, and providing additional support for students. These findings can be a reference for developers of interactive learning systems and educational institutions who want to integrate information technology into the learning process more effectively.
Aracı Hizmet Sağlayıcılarının Hukuki Sorumluluğu
Authors: Demir Bahadır
Published: October 2024

Mesafeli sözleşmelerin tarafları, satıcı veya sağlayıcı ile tüketicidir. Ancak mesafeli sözleşmenin tarafı olmasalar da aracı hizmet sağlayıcıları, oluşturdukları sistem aracılığıyla mesafeli sözleşmelerin kurulmasını sağlamaktadırlar ve mevzuatta öngörülen hâllerde tüketiciye karşı belirli yükümlülükleri bulunmaktadır. Aracı hizmet sağlayıcılarla ilgili olarak, kanun koyucu 7392 sayılı Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun ile Kat Mülkiyeti Kanununda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun ile TKHK m. 48’de birtakım değişiklikler yapmıştır. Ayrıca, bu değişikliklere bağlı olarak 31932 sayılı Mesafeli Sözleşmeler Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik’te de düzenlemeler yapılmıştır.
Söz konusu değişikliklerle birlikte, aracı hizmet sağlayıcılarının tüketicilere karşı mevzuatta belirtilen düzenlemeler çerçevesinde satıcı veya sağlayıcılarla birlikte müteselsilen sorumlu tutulması öngörülmüştür. Ancak yapılan bu düzenlemelerin bir kısmı, 6502 sayılı TKHK’nin amacına uygun olmayan hükümler içermekte, bazıları ise TKHK’deki mevcut hükümlerle çelişkiler ihtiva etmektedir. Çalışmamızda bu hususlar üzerinde durulmuş ve çözüm önerileri sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Философская компаративистика Вильгельма Хальбфасса
Authors: Бурмистров Сергей Леонидович
Published: October 2024

Немецко-американский индолог Вильгельм Хальбфасс (1940–2000) известен как исследователь культуры и философии Индии, но его воззрения на возможности сравнительного изучения философии исследованы пока очень слабо. Между тем сравнительное изучение философских систем, возникших в разных культурах, невозможно без анализа терминологии, используемой в этих культурах для постановки и обсуждения экзистенциальных проблем. Именно эту задачу и ставил перед собой В. Хальбфасс. Цель исследования – показать суть и особенности методологии философской компаративистики В. Хальбфасса. Выявлено, что основой его метода является анализ контекста употребления базовых терминов, обозначающих различные аспекты культурного и экзистенциального опыта личности, которая сформировалась в той или иной культуре. В частности, индийская культура характеризуется строгой иерархичностью, а структура философских систем древней и средневековой Индии изоморфна структуре традиционного индийского общества с его системой варн (социальных страт) и ашрамов (стадий жизненного пути человека). На принципе иерархичности строится и индийская ксенология (стратегии восприятия и оценки иных культур и народов): в ней тот, кто находится вне системы варн и ашрамов, не считается вполне человеком и на этом основании игнорируется. Кроме того, в исследовании определено значение методологии философской герменевтики Х.-Г. Гадамера для философской компаративистики и показаны возможности герменевтического подхода к анализу текстов, возникших в неевропейских культурах.
Tasa de egreso hospitalario por esguince de ligamentos cruzados en el periodo 2019 - 2022 en Chile
Authors: Santander Olave Joaquín , Peña Bravo Antonia , Vargas Cornejo Javiera , Eterovic Ortiz Javiera , Millan Puerta Junior
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior, son una lesión de rodilla frecuente y significativa en personas que realizan deportes. Objetivo: Describir la tasa de egreso hospitalario por esguince de ligamentos cruzados en el periodo 2019-2022 en Chile. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, a partir de datos del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información en Salud, e Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Análisis descriptivo de tasa de egresos hospitalarios por esguince de ligamentos cruzados en pacientes desde 10 años entre 2019-2022 en Chile, según sexo, edad y días de estadía hospitalaria. No requirió evaluación por comité de ética. Resultado: Se estudiaron un total de 7.697 casos, determinando TEH del periodo de 12,66 casos por 100.000 habitantes, registrando en 2022 tasas más elevadas. Con predominio en sexo masculino y pacientes entre 20-44 años. El promedio de estadía hospitalaria fue 1,39 días, siendo el año con mayor estadía el 2019, con estadías más prolongadas en pacientes mayores de 80 años. Discusión: Las fluctuaciones en la TEH durante el periodo estudiado podrían atribuirse a la pandemia por COVID-19, que redujo la actividad física durante el periodo. Los principales afectados fueron hombres jóvenes (20-44 años), relacionado con actividad física más intensa. Personas de 80 años y más, tuvieron estadías hospitalarias más largas, probablemente por comorbilidades y complicaciones postoperatorias. Conclusión: Las lesiones por esguince de ligamentos cruzados en Chile respetan patrones internacionales, observándose un predominio en población masculina joven.
O Estado do Multiculturalismo e Inclusão na Pesquisa Científica: Reflexões de 2021 a 2022
Authors: Bulhões Carlos Gabriel Araújo , Leão Marcelo Franco
Published: October 2024

Os fluxos migratórios e a globalização permitiram a coexistência de diversas culturas em um único território, possibilitando relações de trocas entre os indivíduos. No entanto, também possibilitaram práticas xenofóbicas e excludentes. Neste cenário, emergem discussões acerca de uma sociedade multicultural. Entre o exposto, esta pesquisa objetiva investigar como o multiculturalismo tem sido tratado na produção científica, utilizando uma abordagem descritiva e exploratória do tipo estado do conhecimento. Para tanto, foi utilizada como fonte de dados a base de periódicos Scientific Electronic Library Online - (SciELO), com recorte para artigos publicados nos anos de 2021 e 2022. Foram encontrados e analisados nove artigos que abordam a problemática. Os resultados revelaram uma tendência de multiculturalismo colonial, o qual reconhece a existência de outras culturas, mas adota posturas para marginalização e inferiorização das mesmas, resultando em práticas como o racismo e a xenofobia. Em síntese, os principais sujeitos dessa problemática são migrantes e refugiados. A adoção de práticas pedagógicas multiculturais e a criação de políticas públicas indicam ser uma das soluções para a construção de uma sociedade inclusiva culturalmente. Este estudo contribui para uma compreensão dessas dinâmicas multiculturais e necessárias para a construção de um futuro justo e igualitário para todos. Por fim, são necessários mais estudos que busquem compreender as necessidades e dificuldades das culturas marginalizadas pelo multiculturalismo colonial.
INFLUENCE OF PLASMA LIQUID-PHASE ALLOYING ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TUNGSTEN ALLOYS
Authors: Ryskulov A. E. , Amanzhulov B. S. , Ivanov I. A. , Uglov V. V. , Zlotsky S. V. , Temir A. M. , Kurakhmedov A. E. , Sapar A. D. , Ungarbayev Y. O. , Koloberdin M. V.
Published: October 2024

This study is devoted to studying the influence of plasma liquid-phase alloying on the physical and mechanical properties of the surface layer of tungsten and its alloys. Experimental samples of tungsten with copper and zirconium coatings were exposed to compression plasma flows (CPF). The elemental composition of the samples was determined by energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and lattice deformation and residual stresses were assessed using X-ray diffraction. The results of EDS showed that plasma exposure leads to the formation of a homogeneous alloy of tungsten and zirconium in a near-surface layer. Treatment of tungsten by CPF causes an increase in the level of lattice deformation. In the surface layer of W-CPF tensile stresses with a value up to 6 GPa were observed, while for the system alloyed with copper W-Cu, compressive stresses tending to zero were observed. For the W-Zr system, the maximum tensile stresses reached around 5–6 GPa. It has been established that the introduction of copper into tungsten significantly reduces the level of residual internal stresses compared to alloying with zirconium. The results obtained may contribute to the development of new tungsten alloys with improved performance characteristics for use in fusion energy and other fields.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GAS EMISSION FROM GRAPHITE TILES OF THE KTM TOKAMAK
Authors: Zhenis K. , Chektybaev B. Zh. , Kusainov A. T. , Polkovnikov V. S. , Olkhovik D. A.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the results of experiments on the research of gas release from graphite tiles in a KTM tokamak. The methodology of the experiment and the design of the experimental vacuum stand are described in detail. The dependences of the gas release from graphite tiles over time during their annealing to a temperature of 200 ℃ with constant pumping using a high-vacuum pump, simulating the annealing conditions in a KTM vacuum chamber, are presented. The work also includes a mass spectrometric analysis of the composition of the vacuum medium in the vacuum chamber of the experimental stand before heating and after cooling the vacuum chamber (VC). An analysis of experimental data is presented and estimates of the maximum residual pressure in the KTM VC are given.
RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF WATER RESOURCES TO ASSESS THE IMPACT BY PRECIPITATION ON THEIR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION (Beskaragai vil., Abai region)
Authors: Nadeyeva A. M. , Mamyrbayeva A. S. , Aidarkhanova A. K. , Larionova N. V. , Aidarkhanov A. O. , Maden B. Ye.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents findings of water resources of Beskaragai village, Abai region. Macro-, micro-component and isotopic compositions of waters, general chemical parameters were obtained. It has been established that the isotopic composition of waters (2H and 18O) varies widely and is characterized by a constant “light” isotopic composition of groundwater. The studied water samples are classified as fresh and slightly subsaline according to the degree of mineralization. By the acidity level – neutral and slightly alkaline. According to the degree of hardness – soft, medium hard and hard. The ion composition of waters of the hydrocarbonate – sulfate – chloride and sodium – magnesium – calcium group is dominant.
ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIOACTIVE RELEASES FROM NPP WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF REACTORS DURING NORMAL OPERATION AS WELL
Authors: Mukusheva M. K. , Spiridonov S. I. , Mikailova R. A.
Published: October 2024

System analysis was conducted to examine the atmospheric emissions from Russian nuclear power plants with various types of reactors during normal operation, as well as the emissions for design and beyond-design accident scenarios. Through many years of study, the main radionuclides that contribute to the total activity were identified. The composition of emissions from postulated accidents at the boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) has been analyzed. The obtained results are considered as initial data for calculating the dose load on the population from NPP releases and formation of lists of the main dose-forming radionuclides. The necessary components of such calculations are models parameterized on regional data. Ranking in the system “radionuclide – environmental component” is considered as an important stage for developing the Regulation for Environmental Monitoring of the NPP location area.
OPERATING FEATURES OF A PULSE ARC PLASMA ACCELERATOR IN VACUUM
Authors: Аmrenova A. U. , Zhukeshov A. M. , Abdybay U. B. , Мoldabekov Zh. M.
Published: October 2024

The vacuum pulse arc plasma accelerator was designed especially for obtaining metal plasma streams also its performance under vacuum level variation in chamber was accurately explored. By using axial symmetric electrodes, the formation of firstly glow discharge after arc discharge has shown at the cathode and subsequent plasma acceleration with anodic potential. With a high vacuum level rate that equaled to 10−4 mbars, the plasma compression to the system axis and plasma electromagnetic pinch was clearly observed. Also presented installation accompanying the high-velocity stream generation process, that goes above the observed normal speed of the main stream. This work contains the discussion of plasma generation mechanisms and its features of acceleration, and conditions for receiving coverings at the unit under various vacuum levels. Designed unit presented on this work is characterized by its structure simplicity and almost effectiveness.
Pampa Dissolution：An Alternative Method for Oral NDA Formulation Development
Authors: Chou Joe , Lai Roger , Chou Jason , Fu Shelly , Wang Wei-Hsuan
Published: October 2024

The success of a new drug development relies not only on early-stage drugs screening and preclinical animal studies but also PK/PD prediction prior to clinical study. In drug dosage design, the oral formulation is still the most commonly needed due to its convenience in administration. A number of recent reports in new drugs development have pointed out that PBPK modeling of ADME may lead to better prediction of bioavailability. In order to improve the development of NDA oral formulation, an alternative method using FDA approved PK data base and PAMPA Dissolution is proposed upon “similar PK parameters, similar PK profile” which is believed to potentially shorten the research time and reduce the clinical risk in NDA formulation development.
Advancements in Herbal Mouthwash
Authors: Yadav Manish , Bhalsane Karuna , Borse Snehal , Gujarathi Hindavi , Rasal Mehul , G. Bhamare Vaibhav
Published: October 2024

Several herbal/chemical-based types of mouthwash are accessible to us nowadays. Selection of suitable mouthwash can be done by conferring the risk and benefits and conditions of the oral cavity. As written in the literature, nature offers us many medicinal materials with antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Herbal mouthwashes are in high demand as they are effective in combating oral germs and in the treatment of many other oral diseases of the human body. Plaque management is essential for maintaining good oral hygiene. Herbal medicine can be used as an alternative to treat oral diseases with little or no side effects. Recently, herbal mouthwashes are formulated according to the different needs of the customers which has led to different manufacturing processes and techniques for the development of mouthwash. The market revenue of herbal mouthwash has been set to eventually grow in the coming years. An increase in technological advancements paved a way for innovative formulations and new patented products. This review will discuss intimately the benefits and advancements of herbal mouthwash in contrast to chemical mouthwash.
Oral NDA Research from AI Prediction to Clinical Drug Formulation
Authors: Chou Joe , Lai Roger , Chou Jason , Fu Shelly , Chang Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Recent advancements in AI drug prediction have dramatically improved new drug candidate screening, facilitating more efficient identification of potential compounds. The success of a new drug application (NDA) relies on early-stage drug prediction and screening, preclinical studies，and PK/PD simulation prior to clinical study, underscoring the importance of accurate predictive models. Several essential databases, like Protein Data Bank (PDB), OpenTarget, PubChem, and ChemBL, SwissTarget etc., have made new drug searches easier with the help of fast AI computation, streamlining the drug discovery process. In drug dosage design, the oral formulation is still the most commonly needed due to its convenience in administration, emphasizing the significance of optimizing oral drug formulations for efficacy and patient compliance. Recent reports in oral new drug development have pointed out that PBPK modeling may lead to better prediction of ADME, offering a promising avenue for enhancing the understanding of drug behavior in the body. In addition, an alternative method using a FDA-approved PK database and PAMPA dissolution is also proposed to improve the development of NDA oral formulation, providing complementary approaches for formulation optimization. Therefore, a better prediction of an NCE from AI screening to clinical drug formulation could be conducted to enhance the success rate of oral NDA formulation development, fostering advancements in drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy.
Ipilimumab plus decitabine for patients with MDS or AML in posttransplant or transplant-naïve settings
Authors: Garcia Jacqueline S.
Published: October 2024

Recurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after transplant has exceedingly poor outcome. In a prior study at our center, single agent CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor (ipilimumab) generated remissions in cases of AML with low disease burden at relapse with induction of graft-versus-host disease. We asked if we could augment the rate of remission with combination decitabine plus ipilimumab in patients regardless of disease burden and if the alloreactive environment generated after transplant was required for response. In the context of a phase 1 multi-site clinical trial supported by the NCI/ETCTN, we enrolled and treated 48 patients with decitabine/ipilimumab in cohorts separated by transplantation status to assess for safety and preliminary efficacy. We also collected blood/bone marrow from each patient at the same time points before, on-therapy and at time of relapse when relevant to study the local and systemic tumor immune infiltrates. We discovered that immune-related adverse events were frequent and manageable in most patients, the recommended phase 2 dose was the same regardless of transplant status, and we identified responders in both cohorts. Multiplex immunofluorescence (MIF) analyses of paired sequential bone marrows revealed increases in CD4+ T cells after ipilimumab, but we did not consistently observe increases in activated CD8+ T cells among responders. Immune monitoring using Cytof revealed increases in T regulatory cells after ipilimumab but no correlation with response. Transcriptome-based analyses and MIF revealed differences in AML patients with leukemia cutis (skin) compared to those with marrow involvement, including infiltration of memory T cells and higher expression of CTLA-4 and FOXP3. Altogether, detailed immune and molecular correlatives identified potential mechanisms of response and resistance to combination therapy in advanced MDS/AML patients.