bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La biodiversité en question
Authors: Blandin Patrick
Published: December 2015

L’invasion fulgurante du mot «  biodiversity  » dans les sphères scientifiques et politico-médiatiques, après la Conférence de Rio de Janeiro, en 1992, a pu faire croire à l’émergence d’un nouveau domaine scientifique. En réalité, la question de la diversité du monde vivant est constitutive de l’histoire naturelle depuis que celle-ci existe. Au cours du XX e siècle, les écologistes n’ont pas attendu la parution de l’ouvrage BioDiversity (Wilson & Peter, 1988) pour réfléchir à la façon de rendre compte de la diversité des espèces au sein des systèmes écologiques, pour s’interroger sur les processus de diversification et rechercher la signification fonctionnelle de cette diversité. Cent ans après la parution de On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection , où Darwin montrait toute l’importance des « variations », l’écologue George E. Hutchinson publiait un article lumineux sur ce que l’on pourrait appeler l’écologie de la diversification. Dès les années 1950, et jusqu’au début des années 1980, de nombreux scientifiques ont cherché à mesurer ce qui était appelé la diversité spécifique, et à la caractériser par des formulations mathématiques, tandis que d’autres exploraient les relations entre cette diversité et la stabilité des systèmes écologiques, guidés par l’intuition que des systèmes plus diversifiés devraient être plus stables. Pourtant, dès 1971, Stuart H. Hurlbert affirmait qu’à force d’avoir été définie de façon variée et disparate, la diversité spécifique était devenue un « non-concept ». Edward O. Wilson, en 1988, s’était gardé de proposer une définition précise de la biodiversité. Bien d’autres s’en chargèrent par la suite. Répétition de l’histoire ? Jacques Blondel écrivait en 1995 que le concept de « biodiversité » n’était qu’une coquille vide. Est-ce à dire que la diversité du vivant, même transformée en « biodiversité », n’est pas un concept scientifique ? L’analyse de travaux s’échelonnant des années 1950 aux années 1980 permet de cerner les questionnements sur la diversité des espèces auxquels se sont affrontés les écologistes, et de voir comment ont interagi intuitions, constructions théoriques et recherches empiriques. L’invention de la biodiversité a-t-elle fait progresser la recherche ? Un regard sur quelques publications d’après Rio permet d’ébaucher une réponse.
La biodiversité en question
Authors: Barberousse Anouk , Samadi Sarah
Published: December 2015

Les taxonomistes ont pour vocation d’inventorier et de décrire la biodiversité, mais leur tâche colossale est de plus en plus difficile à réaliser car ils sont de moins en moins nombreux. Ce n’est pas seulement la biodiversité qui est en crise, mais bien aussi la taxonomie, qui peine à fournir les éléments nécessaires à l’utilisation, par les autres biologistes, des noms d’espèces. Les techniques récentes d’analyse génétique vont-elles permettre de surmonter la crise actuelle de la taxonomie ? L’enjeu de ce chapitre est de montrer à quelles conditions cela pourra être le cas. Nous présentons le projet du Barcoding of Life qui a pour but de faciliter, et donc d’accélérer le diagnostic des espèces en utilisant des caractères moléculaires relativement faciles à identifier. Nous montrons que l’efficacité de cet instrument dépend de façon cruciale de la bonne gestion des collections d’histoire naturelle, en raison de l’importance que revêtent les spécimens conservés pour l’entreprise taxonomique. Nous proposons donc un état des lieux de la taxonomie au moment où l’initiative du Barcoding of Life prend de l’ampleur.
Chest Pain in Pediatrics
Authors: Yeh Tisha K. , Yeh Jay
Published: December 2015

Chest pain in children and adolescents frequently involves referral to a pediatric cardiologist. The etiology of chest pain in pediatrics is broad, and the vast majority of cases are not due to underlying cardiac pathology. However, evaluations are often pursued due to fear about missing a potentially serious cardiac diagnosis, which may lead to sudden cardiac death. The management of these patients can lead to extensive investigations, medical visits, and hospitalizations, which is costly and unnecessary in many cases. This article reviews noncardiac and cardiac etiologies of chest pain, highlights pertinent details of the patient history and physical examination, discusses the evaluation of patients with chest pain, and identifies when referral to a pediatric cardiologist is recommended.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(12):e274–e278.]
Participation and the Quality of Democracy in Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Camila
Published: December 2015

Taking as its starting point the debate on the contribution made by participation to the quality of democracy, this article seeks to situate the issue within the context of Portugal. In the last 40 years, Portugal has experienced three critical junctures: the April revolution, EU membership and the economic crisis. Revolutionary ideals were consigned to the background as new ideals emerged, associated with a focus on economic competitiveness. Inequality, indebtedness and insecurity have since increased, leading to responses that seek to reverse this trend. Increasing participation may be considered one interesting response: in addition to new social movements, the old movements that have remained dormant, embodied in initiatives such as the SAAL (Local Ambulatory Support Service), may revive to express support for a more inclusive society.
Informality and Informalization among Eritrean Refugees
Authors: Treiber Magnus
Published: December 2015

Transnational migration has important implications on the respective country of departure and its political dynamics. This article addresses informal practices and processes of informalization during migration from dictatorially ruled Eritrea in North-East-Africa. On the base of dense ethnography among refugees and migrants in neighboring Ethiopia the article discusses migration's cultural and social effects and sheds a light on the potential role of migrants in Eritrea's expected political transition. It will be argued that refugees and migrants are unable to fully liberate themselves from Eritrea's authoritarian political culture while seeking prosperity, democracy and human rights elsewhere. Instead they blunder into informal practices such as deceit, exploitation and denial of solidarity, which inevitably backfire on social and political life.
The Neo-Colonial State of Exception in Occupied Iraq
Authors: Whyte David
Published: December 2015

This paper explores the immediate post-conflict period following the 2003 Coalition invasion of Iraq, analysing the political strategy of economic exceptionalism violently and illegally imposed by the Coalition partners. The government of occupation, Coalition Provisional Authority, (CPA) ensured the disbursal of revenue and the accumulation of profits at an accelerated rate with few administrative controls or mechanisms of accountability. In the case of the post-invasion transformation of Iraq, routine corporate criminality, facilitated by the government of occupation, is revealed as an important means of producing and reproducing (neo) colonial power relations. The systematic corruption of the reconstruction economy unfolded in a liminal space opened up by the suspension of law. This neo-colonial ‘state of exception' became the mode of domination that sough political and social transformation as part of the ‘reconstruction' process in post-Saddam Iraq.
Characterizaton and Volumetric Studies of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanofluids at Different Temperatures
Authors: Asghar Jamal Muhammad , Bin Yousaf Ammar , Khosa Muhammad Kaleem , Usman Muhammad , Khan Majid
Published: December 2015

Magnetite nanofluid has been prepared in citric acid based medium. Their stability and polydispersity level have been characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry.The volumetric properties such as apparent molar volume, partial molar volume and isentropic compressibility of nanofluid have been measured at temperature range from 298.15K to 313.15K at atmospheric pressure. The obtained results were interpreted in terms of particle-particle and particle-fluid interactions, and compared with commercially available magnetite nanofluid in terms of particle size difference. It was observed that the influence of particle size on measured volumetric parameters is significant for any practical applications of fluid flow. The differences in measured quantities were determined qualitatively by considering the state of aggregation / particle size distribution of the nanofluids.
Cutting Edge: Role of NK Cells and Surfactant Protein D in Dendritic Cell Lymph Node Homing: Effects of Ozone Exposure
Authors: Ge Moyar Qing , Kokalari Blerina , Flayer Cameron H. , Killingbeck Sarah S. , Redai Imre G. , MacFarlane Alexander W. , Hwang Jin W. , Kolupoti Anisha , Kemeny Michael D. , Campbell Kerry S. , Haczku Angela
Published: December 2015

The roles of NK cells, surfactant protein D (SP-D), and IFN-γ, as well as the effect of ozone (O3) inhalation, were studied on recirculation of pulmonary dendritic cells (DC) to the mediastinal lymph nodes. O3 exposure and lack of SP-D reduced NK cell IFN-γ and lung tissue CCL21 mRNA expression and impaired DC homing to the mediastinal lymph nodes. Notably, addition of recombinant SP-D to naive mononuclear cells stimulated IFN-γ release in vitro. Because NKp46, a glycosylated membrane receptor, was necessary for dose-dependent SP-D binding to NK cells in vitro and DC migration in vivo, we speculate that SP-D may constitutively stimulate IFN-γ production by NK cells, possibly via NKp46. This mechanism could then initiate the IFN-γ/IL-12 feedback circuit, a key amplifier of DC lymph node homing. Inhibition of this process during an acute inflammatory response causes DC retention in the peripheral lung tissue and contributes to injury.
Beneficial Effects of CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotide Treatment on Trauma and Secondary Lung Infection
Authors: Wanke-Jellinek Lorenz , Keegan Joshua W. , Dolan James W. , Guo Fei , Chen Jianfei , Lederer James A.
Published: December 2015

Although Streptococcus pneumoniae is usually found as a commensal in healthy individuals, it can act as a pathogen in trauma patients, causing such complications as early-onset pneumonia and sepsis. We discovered that treating mice with an A-class CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) at 2 h after traumatic injury significantly improved mouse survival following early-onset secondary lung infection with S. pneumoniae. This study used mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight) and Luminex technologies to characterize the cellular immune response to secondary S. pneumoniae lung infection at 1 and 3 d postinfection. We found increased expression of CD14, CD64, and PD-L1 on F4-80+ and F4-80+CD11c+ macrophages, CD11c+ dendritic cells, and CD14+CD172a+ cells after burn-injury and infection, supporting previous reports of innate immune cell activation in sepsis. CpG-ODN treatment at 2 h after burn-injury reversed these effects; improved pathogen clearance; and led to an increased expression of CD25, CD27, MHCII, and IL-17 on or in TCRγδ cells at 1 d postinfection. At 3 d postinfection, CpG-ODN treatment increased the expression of PD-L1 on innate cell subsets. Furthermore, we analyzed cytokine levels in lung-washout samples of TCRγδ cell–depleted (TCRγδ−) mice to demonstrate that the effects of CpG-ODN on cytokine expression after burn-injury and S. pneumoniae infection rely on functional TCRγδ cells. In summary, we demonstrate that cytometry by time-of-flight provides an effective strategy to systematically identify specific cellular phenotypic responses to trauma and bacterial pneumonia and to discover changes in immune system phenotypes associated with beneficial immunotherapy.
Salmonella Virulence Factor SsrAB Regulated Factor Modulates Inflammatory Responses by Enhancing the Activation of NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lei Lei , Wang Wenbiao , Xia Chuan , Liu Fenyong
Published: December 2015

Effector proteins encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity islands play a key role in promoting bacterial intracellular survival, colonization, and pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the function of the virulence-associated effector SrfA (SsrAB regulated factor) both in macrophages in vitro and in infected mice in vivo. SrfA was secreted into the cytoplasm during S. Typhimurium infection and disassociated IL-1R–associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) from the IRAK-1–Toll interacting protein (Tollip) complex by interacting with Tollip. The released IRAK-1 was phosphorylated and subsequently activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, which enhanced the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The coupling of ubiquitin to endoplasmic reticulum degradation aa 183–219 domain of Tollip is the binding region for SrfA, and both the MDaa207–226 and CTaa357–377 regions of SrfA mediate binding to Tollip and NF-κB signaling activation. Deletion of SrfA in S. Typhimurium had no notable effects on its replication but impaired the induction of NF-κB activation in infected macrophages. The mice infected with srfA-deficient bacteria exhibited a decreased inflammatory response and an increased survival rate compared with those infected with wild-type S. Typhimurium. We conclude that SrfA is a novel Salmonella virulence effector that helps modulate host inflammatory responses by promoting NF-κB signaling activation.
Mevalonate Biosynthesis Intermediates Are Key Regulators of Innate Immunity in Bovine Endometritis
Authors: Healey Gareth D. , Collier Christine , Griffin Sholeem , Schuberth Hans-Joachim , Sandra Olivier , Smith David G. , Mahan Suman , Dieuzy-Labaye Isabelle , Sheldon I. Martin
Published: December 2015

Metabolic changes can influence inflammatory responses to bacteria. To examine whether localized manipulation of the mevalonate pathway impacts innate immunity, we exploited a unique mucosal disease model, endometritis, where inflammation is a consequence of innate immunity. IL responses to pathogenic bacteria and LPS were modulated in bovine endometrial cell and organ cultures by small molecules that target the mevalonate pathway. Treatment with multiple statins, bisphosphonates, squalene synthase inhibitors, and small interfering RNA showed that inhibition of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase (squalene synthase), but not 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase or farnesyl diphosphate synthase, reduced endometrial organ and cellular inflammatory responses to pathogenic bacteria and LPS. Although manipulation of the mevalonate pathway reduced cellular cholesterol, impacts on inflammation were independent of cholesterol concentration as cholesterol depletion using cyclodextrins did not alter inflammatory responses. Treatment with the isoprenoid mevalonate pathway-intermediates, farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, also reduced endometrial cellular inflammatory responses to LPS. These data imply that manipulating the mevalonate pathway regulates innate immunity within the endometrium, and that isoprenoids are regulatory molecules in this process, knowledge that could be exploited for novel therapeutic strategies.
TRPV4-Mediated Detection of Hyposmotic Stress by Skin Keratinocytes Activates Developmental Immunity
Authors: Galindo-Villegas Jorge , Montalban-Arques Ana , Liarte Sergio , de Oliveira Sofia , Pardo-Pastor Carlos , Rubio-Moscardo Fanny , Meseguer José , Valverde Miguel A. , Mulero Victoriano
Published: December 2015

As an organism is exposed to pathogens during very early development, specific defense mechanisms must take effect. In this study, we used a germ-free zebrafish embryo model to show that osmotic stress regulates the activation of immunity and host protection in newly hatched embryos. Mechanistically, skin keratinocytes were responsible for both sensing the hyposmolarity of the aquatic environment and mediating immune effector mechanisms. This occurred through a transient potential receptor vanilloid 4/Ca2+/TGF-β–activated kinase 1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Surprisingly, the genes encoding antimicrobial effectors, which do not have the potential to cause tissue damage, are constitutively expressed during development, independently of both commensal microbes and osmotic stress. Our results reveal that osmotic stress is associated with the induction of developmental immunity in the absence of tissue damage and point out to the embryo skin as the first organ with full capacities to mount an innate immune response.
Subclinical onychomycosis in patients with type II diabetes
Authors: Elbendary Amira , El Tawdy Amira , Zaki Naglaa , Alfishawy Mostafa , Rateb Amr
Published: December 2015

Fungal organisms could be present in the nail without any clinical manifestations. As onychomycosis in diabetics has more serious complications, early detection of such infection could be helpful to prevent them. We aim in this study to assess the possibility of detecting subclinical onychomycosis in type II diabetic patients and addressing possible associated neuropathy. A cross sectional, observational study included patients with type II diabetes with normal big toe nail. All were subjected to nail clipping of the big toe nail, followed by staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Periodic-Acid-Schiff (PAS) stains and examined microscopically. A total of 106 patients were included, fungal infection was identified in eight specimens, all were uncontrolled diabetes, and six had neuropathy. Using the nail clipping and microscopic examination with PAS stain to detect such subclinical infection could be an applicable screening test for diabetic patients, for early detection and management of onychomycosis.
A teacher’s engagement with learner errors in her Grade 9 mathematics classroom
Authors: Gardee Aarifah , Brodie Karin
Published: December 2015

How errors are dealt with in a mathematics classroom is important as it can either support or deny learner access to mathematical knowledge. This study examines how a teacher, who participated in a professional development programme that focused on learner errors, engaged with mathematical errors in her Grade 9 classroom. Data were collected over a twoyear period in the form of videotapes and were analysed qualitatively. Our findings illustrate that this teacher dealt with four types of mistakes: slips, errors derived from misconceptions, language-related errors and errors that occurred from the incorrect usage of the calculator. She dealt with these by correcting, probing or embracing them. We found that, over time, this teacher dealt with more errors and corrected and embraced errors in different ways. We recommend that teachers use their professional knowledge to decide when, why and how it is appropriate to correct, probe or embrace errors in light of their knowledge of the content and their learners.
Exploring boot camps for ‘gatekeeper’ service courses in mathematics
Authors: Campbell Anita
Published: December 2015

Pressure to increase the throughput of university students in ethical ways has been a catalyst for innovations to improve learning and student success. Student dropout occurs mostly in the first year of study and poor performance is a major contributor to dropout even if the underlying reason for the poor performance is not academic under-preparedness. This article discusses the design and implementation of a mathematics tutored reassessment programme (TRP or ‘boot camp’) to improve the pass rate of students writing supplementary examinations for first year engineering mathematics. Interviews with students and tutors suggest that the TRP cultivated positive affective changes in students. A notable result from this case study was that students who qualified for a reassessment with marks in the range 40%–44% (and who would not normally have been granted a supplementary examination) outperformed students qualifying with marks of 45%–49%, for whom attendance at the TRP was optional. Theoretical motivations for five principles guiding the design of the TRP are discussed.
Wetenschap en sciëntisme in de populaire wetenschap
Authors: de Ridder Jeroen
Published: December 2015

Science and Scientism in Popular Science Writing

If one is to believe recent popular scientific accounts of developments in physics, biology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, most of the perennial philosophical questions have been wrested from the hands of philosophers by now, only to be resolved (or sometimes dissolved) by contemporary science. To mention but a few examples of issues that science has now allegedly dealt with: the origin and destiny of the universe, the origin of human life, the soul, free will, morality, and religion. My aim in this paper is threefold: (1) to show that these claims stem from the pervasive influence of a scientistic epistemology in popular science writing, (2) to argue that this influence is undesirable because it ultimately undermines not only the important role of popular science reporting in society but also the public’s trust in science, and (3) to offer suggestions on how popular science writing can be improved.
Correlation of BAW and SAW properties of langasite at elevated temperatures
Authors: Schulz M. , Mayer E. , Shrena I. , Eisele D. , Schmitt M. , Reindl L. M. , Fritze H.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. The full set of electromechanical data of langasite (La3Ga5SiO14) is determined in the temperature range from 20 to 900 °C using differently oriented bulk acoustic wave resonators. For data evaluation a physical model of vibration is developed and applied. Thereby, special emphasis is taken on mechanical and electrical losses at high temperatures. The resulting data set is used to calculate the properties of surface acoustic waves. Direct comparison with experimental data such as velocity, coupling coefficients and propagation loss measured using surface acoustic wave devices with two different crystal orientations shows good agreement.
The Influence of Neighborhood Poverty on Blood Glucose Levels: Findings from the Community Initiative to Eliminate Stroke (CITIES) program
Authors: Cathorall M. L. , Xin H. , Aronson R. , Peachey A. , Bibeau D. L. , Schulz M. , Dave G.
Published: December 2015

Objectives:  To examine the relationship between both individual and neighborhood level characteristics and non-fasting blood glucose levels.Study design: This study used a cross sectional design using data from the Community Initiative to Eliminate Stroke Program in NC (2004-2008).  A total of 12,809 adults nested within 550 census block groups from two adjacent urban counties were included in the analysis.Methods:   Participants completed a cardiovascular risk factor assessment with self-reported demographics, stroke-risk behaviors, and biometric measurements.  Neighborhood level characteristics were based upon census data.  Three multilevel models were constructed for data analysis.Results:  Mean blood glucose level of this sample population was 103.61mg/dL.  The unconditional model 1 suggested a variation in mean blood glucose levels among the neighborhoods (τ00 = 13.39; P < .001).  Both models 2 and 3 suggested that the neighborhood composite deprivation index had a significant prediction on each neighborhood’s mean blood glucose level (¡01= .69; P < 0.001,¡01= .36; P = .004).  Model 3 also suggested that across all the neighborhoods, on average, after controlling for individual level risk factors, deprivation remained a significant predictor of blood glucose levels.Conclusions:  The findings provide evidence that neighborhood disadvantage is a significant predictor of neighborhood and individual level blood glucose levels.  One approach to diabetes prevention could be for policymakers to address the problems associated with environmental determinants of health.
From Powerlessness to Control: Psychosis, Spirit Possession and Recovery in the Western Desert of Egypt
Authors: Rashed M. A.
Published: December 2015

This article explores an aspect of the cultural modulation of recovery in psychosis. It begins with the idea that recovery hinges on the ability of subjects to relate to their distressing experiences in ways that expand rather than diminish agency.  Based on fieldwork in the Dakhla oasis of Egypt and subsequent analysis, it is argued that interpretations of psychosis as spirit possession offer a broader range of intentionality than biomedical interpretations and therefore broader possibilities of relating to psychotic states. Modes of relating to spirits may take active or passive forms, the former consistent with the recovery goal of symptom control. Factors constitutive of the active, agency-expanding mode of relating include: the nature of spirits; the values and beliefs of the subject; the broader cultural/religious discourses which may make it either more or less likely for the subject to achieve the desired state of control over symptoms.
The Common Cold, Influenza and Immunity in Post-Pandemic Times: Lay representations of Self and Other among older people in Sweden
Authors: Lundgren B.
Published: December 2015

The need for new knowledge about lay representations of contagions, immunity, vaccination, common colds, and influenza has become clear after the A(H1N1) pandemic and the resulting challenges regarding pandemic preparedness. This article analyses written responses from 67 persons, mostly women, to a semi-structured questionnaire about colds and the flu. Three themes are discussed: “Common cold and flus as ritualized experiences”, “Me, my body, and my immune defense”, and “Regulations of space, place, and behaviors.” Overall, the narratives were about trust, value, and respect in the body, in lived experiences, and in the capacity to ‘help’ and ‘nurture’ the immune system, but also about the feeling of powerlessness when perceiving inadequacies in other people’s parallel interpretations and actions. Pandemic preparedness policies need to acknowledge the multiple ‘immunity talk’ in the responses to create productive, ongoing relations with the ‘Other’, that rely on people’s trust and resilience, rather than on people´s fear.
Some Aspects Of Diminished Responsibility In Republic Of Belarus
Authors: Igumnov Sergey , Nestsiarovich Anastasiya
Published: December 2015

The article provides the review of the current approach to diminished responsibility in Republic of Belarus including the majordefinitions, legislative acts and forms of its practical realization. The authors also provide the recommended algorithms of proper methodology of expert conclusion formation basing on the analysis of contribution of legislative and medical criterions of diminished responsibility in certain situations and particularities of the diagnosis.
Naujagimius nužudžiusių moterų ekspertinių tyrimų Valstybinėje teismo psichiatrijos tarnyboje prie SAM 1994 – 2014 m. duomenų analizė
Authors: Martinkienė Vaiva , Dembinskas Algirdas , Germanavičius Arūnas
Published: December 2015

Vaikžudystė yra sukrečiantis žiaurumu fenomenas, todėl visuomenėje vyrauja nuomonė, kad ją įvykdyti gali tik psichiškai nesveiki asmenys. Visoms neonaticidus (naujagimio nužudymus per 24 valandas nuo gimimo) įvykdžiusioms moterims Lietuvoje teismo sprendimu yra atliekamos teismo psichiatrijos ekspertizės Valstybinėje teismo psichiatrijos tarnyboje. 1994-2014m. laikotarpiu iš viso ištirtos 59 moterys, tik 15,3% iš jų buvo nustatyti psichikos sutrikimai, dėl kurių teismas jas pripažino nepakaltinamomis. Didžiajai daliai naujagimius nužudžiusių moterų teismo psichiatrijos ekspertizės metu buvo nustatyti asmenybės sutrikimai, nesąlygojantys būsenų, kurių metu asmuo negali suvokti savo veiksmų esmės ir jų valdyti. Tyrimo duomenys parodė, kad didesnė dalis kūdikius nužudžiusių moterų buvo netekėjusios, turėjo vaikų iki kūdikio nužudymo, nužudymą įvykdė aktyviais metodais ir dažniausiai rėmėsi „nenorimo vaiko“ motyvu. Įvertinus analizės duomenis, siūlomos prevencinės priemonės, kurios galėtų pasitarnauti ateityje mažinant neonaticidų skaičių Lietuvoje.
Nukentėję nepilnamečiai nuo seksualinių nusikaltimų – psichologinio (ekspertinio) tyrimo svarba atpažinti klaidingus įtarimus
Authors: Prižginė Dovilė , Šiaulytė Agnė
Published: December 2015

Seksualinės prievartos prieš vaikus atvejus yra sudėtinga tirti, nes dažnai vaikai yra ne tik pagrindiniai, bet ir vieninteliai liudytojai bylose. Ypač sudėtinga vertinti, kai įtarimai dėl seksualinės prievartos pareikšti vaiko tėvui arba motinai tėvų skyrybų kontekste. Šiuo straipsniu siekta 1) apžvelgti literatūrą šia tema, 2) apžvelgti veiksnius, turinčius įtakos vaikui, kaip patikimam liudytojui, tokiose bylose, 3) atvejo analizės tyrimo metodo pagrindu išanalizuoti Vaikų ir paauglių teismo psichiatrijos skyriuje 2009-2014 metais atliktų kompleksinių teismo psichiatrijos- psichologijos ekspertizių duomenis, kai įtarimai dėl seksualinės prievartos pareikšti nukentėjusiųjų tėvui arba motinai, apimant ir tėvų skyrybų kontekstą.
Dažnai tiems patiems pacientams atliekamų galvos smegenų kompiuterinės tomografijos tyrimų priežastys
Authors: Ratkūnas Vytenis , Palubinskienė Natalija , Lukoševičius Saulius
Published: December 2015

Straipsnyje pateikiamos dažniausios galvos smegenų kompiuterinės tomografijos (KT) tyrimų, atliktų Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų (LSMUL KK) skubiosios pagalbos skyriuje (SPS) tiems patiems pacientams, priežastys; šis tyrimas jiems atliekamas dažniau nei vieną kartą per metus. Apžvelgiama literatūra, susijusi su visų pacientų galvos smegenų KT tyrimo atlikimo dažnio mažinimu ir racionalizavimu. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti, ar yra ryšys tarp galvos smegenų KT tyrimų dažnio ir priežasčių (indikacijų) bei stacionarizavimo dažnio. Tyrimui atsitiktine tvarka atrinktas 131 pacientas, iš kurių 123 pacientų (830 galvos smegenų KT) duomenys panaudoti tyrime. Statistinio reikšmingumo lygmuo buvo pasirinktas a = 0,05. Galvos smegenų KT tyrimų vidutiniškai atlikta po 6,75 (±3,939) vienam žmogui. 52,8 proc. pacientų buvo atlikta daugiau nei 5 KT tyrimai. Dažniausios priežastys: trauma 56,63 proc. ir galvos smegenų kraujotakos sutrikimai 28,55 proc. Statistiškai reikšmingo ryšio tarp SPS atliekamų tyrimų skaičiaus ir stacionarizavimų skaičiaus nėra.
Geoterminio vandens ir sapropelio procedūrų įtaka gyvenimo kokybei
Authors: Rapolienė Lolita
Published: December 2015

Pasaulyje geoterminiai ištekliai, tokie kaip karštosios versmės ar geoterminis vanduo, užima svarbią vietą sveikatingumo ir sveikatinimo sektoriuose. Balneoterapijos procedūros (terminis vanduo ir peloidai) turi terminį, mechaninį, cheminį ir imunologinį komponentą, kaip ir psichologinį poveikį žmogaus organizmui. Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti aukštos mineralizacijos geoterminio vandens ir sapropelio poveikį gyvenimo kokybei. Metodika. Tyrimas atliktas 2015 metais su 103 dalyviais, kurių amžiaus vidurkis buvo 39 metai. Dalyviai gavo 10-15 aukštos mineralizacijos 27,6 g/l geoterminio vandens, jo kombinacijos su sapropelio aplikacijomis, sapropelio įvyniojimo arba sapropelio vonių 15-40 min. procedūras. Su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės vertinimui naudotas SF-36 klausimynas. Skaičiavimai atlikti naudojant statistinį programų paketą SPSS 20. Rezultatai: nustatyta, kad fizinį aktyvumą statistiškai reikšmingai padidina kombinuotos sapropelio ir geoterminio vandens mišinio vonios (p=0,041); energingumą- 15 min. geoterminio vandens vonios (p=0,009), jų kombinacija su sapropelio aplikacijomis (p=0,004) ir sapropelio įvyniojimai (p=0,015); socialinę funkciją- sapropelio įvyniojimai (p=0,05); emocinę būklę pagerina geoterminio vandens ir sapropelio aplikacijų procedūros (p=0,019); bendrą sveikatą- 20 min. geoterminio vandens procedūros (p=0,05). Teigiamas geoterminių vonių poveikis išlieka iki 4 mėnesių po procedūrų (p=0,035). Išvada: geoterminio vandens ir sapropelio procedūros, tiek kartu, tiek atskirai reikšmingai pagerina bendrą sveikatą, funkcinę būklę ir gyvybingumą.
Farmacijos specialistų požiūris į vaistininkų padėjėjų profesines veiklas visuomenės vaistinėse
Authors: Kizevičienė Edita , Daukšienė Jurgita , Jonaitienė Laimutė
Published: December 2015

Šio straipsnio autoriai atliko tyrimą tikslu nustatyti farmacijos specialistų požiūrį į dirbančių šiuolaikinėje Lietuvos visuomenės vaistinėje vaistininko padėjėjų darbo įnašą, teikiant farmacinę paslaugą ir kitas vykdomas vaistinėje veiklas. Pasirinktos vaistinės, kuriose Kauno kolegijos studentai, būsimieji vaistininko padėjėjai, atliko profesinės veiklos praktikas. Anketinės apklausos metodu, prašant respondentų išreikšti savo nuomonę 10 įverčių sistemoje, išryškinta šių vaistinių farmacijos specialistų nuomonė apie vaistininko padėjėjo veiklos indėlį parduodant vaistinių prekes ir nereceptinius vaistus savitarnos skyriuje, parduodant receptinius vaistus, tvarkant vaistų ir vaistinių prekių atsargas ir jų išdėstymą oficinoje, gaminant vaistus, bendradarbiaujant ir bendraujant su pacientais. Nustatyta, kad pagrindinėse vaistinės veiklose vaistininko padėjėjas atlieka tas pačias veiklas ir panašiu darbo indėliu kaip ir vaistininkas. Apskaičiuotas vaistininko padėjėjų darbo indėlį nurodantis taškas vidutiniškai artimiausias visiems statistinės eilutės elementams – vidurkis, parduodant vaistinių prekes ir nereceptinius vaistus savitarnos skyriuje, vidurkis svyruoja nuo 4,73 iki 5,55, parduodant receptinius vaistus - nuo 3,18 iki 6,58, tvarkant vaistų ir vaistinių prekių atsargas ir jų išdėstymą oficinoje – nuo 4,66 iki 6,34, gaminant vaistus - nuo 3,29 iki 6,51, bendradarbiaujant su sveikatos priežiūros specialistais, bendraujant su pacientais - nuo 4,45 iki 4,95.
El concepto de “posesión común originaria” en la doctrina kantiana de la propiedad
Authors: Tomassini Fiorella
Published: December 2015

Los primeros parágrafos de la sección “El derecho privado” (§§ 1-17) de la Doctrina del derecho de Kant incluyen el conjunto de los elementos sistemáticos que conciernen a la justificación de los derechos relativos a la propiedad. El propósito central de este trabajo es analizar la función sistemática del concepto de “posesión común originaria” en la doctrina kantiana de la propiedad, con especial interés en el sentido novedoso que adquiere ese concepto —que pertenecía a la tradición del derecho natural— en su reformulación como un “concepto práctico de la razón, que contiene a priori, el principio según el cual tan solo los hombres pueden hacer uso del lugar sobre la tierra siguiendo leyes jurídicas” (RL, 262).
Motivation and Vocabulary Breadth in CLIL and EFL Contexts. Different age, Same Time of Exposure
Authors: Fernández-Fontecha Almudena
Published: December 2015

Numerous studies have found a positive connection between learners’ motivation towards foreign language and foreign language achievement. The present study examines the role of motivation in receptive vocabulary breadth (size) of two groups of Spanish learners of different ages, but all with 734 hours of instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL): a CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) group in primary education and a non-CLIL (or EFL) group in secondary education. Most students in both groups were found to be highly motivated. The primary CLIL group slightly overcame the secondary non-CLIL group with respect to the mean general motivation but this is a non-significant difference. The secondary group surpass significantly the primary group in receptive vocabulary size. No relationship between the receptive vocabulary knowledge and general motivation is found in the primary CLIL group. On the other hand, a positive significant connection, although a very small one, is identified for the secondary non-CLIL group. We will discuss on the type of test, the age of students and the type of instruction as variables that could be influencing the results.
Latina Super-heroines: Hot Tamales in Tights vs. Women Warriors, Wrestlers and Guerrilla Fighters of La Raza
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Carolina
Published: December 2015

The year 1977 saw the making of the first Latino superhero by a Latino artist. From the 1980s onwards it is also possible to find Latina super-heroines, whose number and complexity has kept increasing ever since. Yet, the representations of spandexed Latinas are still few. For that reason, the goal of this paper is, firstly, to gather a great number of Latina super-heroines and, secondly, to analyze the role that they have played in the history of American literature and art. More specifically, it aims at comparing the spandexed Latinas created by non-Latino/a artists and mainstream comic enterprises with the Latina super-heroines devised by Latino/a artists. The conclusion is that whereas the former tend to conceive heroines within the constraints of the logic of Girl Power, the latter choose to imbue their works with a more daring political content and to align their heroines with the ideologies of Feminism and Postcolonialism.
Sherman Alexie’s "The Toughest Indian in the World": Amalgamating the Oral and the Written Traditions
Authors: Ibarrola Armendariz Aitor
Published: December 2015

This article argues that The Toughest Indian in the World (2000) by Native-American author Sherman Alexie combines elements of his tribal (oral) tradition with others coming from the Western (literary) short-story form. Like other Native writers — such as Momaday, Silko or Vizenor — , Alexie is seen to bring into his short fiction characteristics of his people’s oral storytelling that make it much more dialogical and participatory. Among the author’s narrative techniques reminiscent of the oral tradition, aggregative repetitions of patterned thoughts and strategically-placed indeterminacies play a major role in encouraging his readers to engage in intellectual and emotional exchanges with the stories. Assisted by the ideas of theorists such as Ong (1988), Evers and Toelken (2001), and Teuton (2008), this article shows how Alexie’s short fiction is enriched and revitalized by the incorporation of oral elements. The essay also claims that new methods of analysis and assessment may be needed for this type of bicultural artistic forms. Despite the differences between the two modes of communication, Alexie succeeds in blending features and techniques from both traditions, thus creating a new hybrid short-story form that suitably conveys the trying experiences faced by his characters.
La comunicación política en tiempos de crisis: una comparación entre Italia y España
Authors: Semenzin Silvia
Published: December 2015

La época actual de crisis económica ha conllevado una crisis de tipo político también, que tiene como consecuencia una perdida de confianza por parte de los ciudadanos hacia las instituciones y los partidos tradicionales, que supuestamente actuarían como garantes de sus intereses. En Italia y España, dos países que se encuentran en situaciones parecidas, esto ha llevado al surgimiento de dos movimientos que han sabido explotar muchas de las herramientas que la comunicación política ofrece hoy en día, llegando a una considerable popularidad. Podemos y Movimento 5Stelle representan dentro de la comunicación política una autentica revolución y marcan para ella una era completamente nueva.
La existencia de necesidades de información y comportamiento informativo en los entrenadores en deportes de combate
Authors: Vázquez-Moctezuma Salvador Enrique
Published: December 2015

Este trabajo tiene como propósito esencial, realizar un acercamiento para detectar e identificar las necesidades de información y el comportamiento informativo de entrenadores en deportes de combate. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario a instructores de aikido, boxeo, esgrima, judo, karate, kendo, lima lama, lucha y taekwondo seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por causalidad. En general encontramos que los principales temas de interés entre los instructores son: los programas de entrenamiento, nutrición y dietas de entrenamiento. Por otra parte, los entrenadores son más propensos a utilizar su experiencia, internet y cursos para obtener información. En contraste se nota que la biblioteca y los libros son poco usados.
Una revisión de la Cadena Datos-Información-Conocimiento desde el Pragmatismo de Peirce
Authors: Guillén Miguel A. , López Ayuso Belén , Paniagua Enrique , Cadenas J. Manuel
Published: December 2015

La Cadena Datos-Información-Conocimiento (DIC), denominada “Jerarquía de la Información” o “Pirámide del Conocimiento”, es uno de los modelos más importantes en la Gestión de la Información y la Gestión del Conocimiento. Por lo general, la estructuración de la cadena se ha ido definiendo como una arquitectura en la que cada elemento se levanta sobre el elemento inmediatamente inferior; sin embargo no existe un consenso en la definición de los elementos, ni acerca de los procesos que transforman un elemento de un nivel a uno del siguiente nivel. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de la Cadena Datos-Información-Conocimiento examinando las definiciones más relevantes sobre sus elementos y sobre su articulación en la literatura, para sintetizar las acepciones más comunes. Se analizan los elementos de la Cadena DIC desde la semiótica de Peirce; enfoque que nos permite aclarar los significados e identificar las diferencias, las relaciones y los roles que desempeñan en la cadena desde el punto de vista del pragmatismo. Finalmente se propone una definición de la Cadena DIC apoyada en las categorías triádicas de signos y la semiosis ilimitada de Peirce, los niveles de sistemas de signos de Stamper y las metáforas de Zeleny.
El hombre metrosexual como Narciso contemporáneo: el papel del discurso publicitario actual en la construcción de la masculinidad
Authors: Heredero Díaz Olga , García Carrizo Jennifer
Published: December 2015

Existen diferentes definiciones del concepto de masculinidad. Por un lado están las normativas, que la entienden como lo que los hombres deberían ser y, por otro, los enfoques semióticos, que la definen como no-feminidad. Partiendo de este último enfoque y teniendo en cuenta que la feminidad ha evolucionado en los últimos años junto con la sociedad desdibujando la frontera entre lo que forma parte del rol femenino y lo que no, se puede afirmar que han surgido a partir de los renovados modelos de feminidad, diferentes y nuevas masculinidades entre las que se encuentra la del hombre metrosexual. Es en este tipo de masculinidad en concreto en la que se centra la presente investigación y en cómo se construye la narración de dicha masculinidad en el discurso publicitario actual recurriendo a la figura mítica de Narciso. Así, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica y de un análisis de contenido, se pretende analizar la influencia de la publicidad en la aparición del hombre metrosexual como nueva masculinidad en respuesta a la transformación de la feminidad, a la par que confirmar la presencia de la figura de Narciso como recurso en la construcción de la masculinidad en la publicidad actual.
MOOC (Massive Online Open Courses) como método-plataforma educativa en el ámbito universitario
Authors: Caldera-Serrano Jorge , León-Moreno José Antonio
Published: December 2015

Se describen y analizan los MOOCs (Massive Online Open Course) como método de difusión de información y documentación en los ámbitos educativos universitarios. Para ello se describe que son los MOOCs, mostrando su pujanza y su reciente aparición y desarrollo, y describiendo las muchas potencialidades y posibilidades que plantean, al igual que se describen los principales problemas. El desarrollo y utilidad de los MOOCs se ha planteado especialmente en el ámbito universitario, siendo utilizado como mecanismo para facilitar cursos en línea con el fin de difundir conocimiento científico y como método de marketing y financiación en las instituciones de educación superior.
Analysis of texturometric properties of selected traditional and commercial sausage
Authors: Zajác Peter , Čurlej Jozef , Barnová Miroslava , Čapla Jozef
Published: December 2015

Food texture is one of the main features that affect the consumer's judgment. Instrumental texture analysis is suitable method for objective assessment of the texturometric characteristic of food. In this experimental work we have analysed textural properties of different traditional and commercial sausages originating from Slovakia. Twenty sausages were classified in four groups. Group 1 (traditional home-made sausages purchased directly from a producer), Group 2 (traditional sausages purchased from butchery), Group 3 (non-traditional sausages purchased from a supermarket) and Group 4 (non- traditional sausages purchased from a hypermarket). Once taken, samples were immediately transported to the laboratory. Samples were analysed immediately and after the storage 72 h at 25 °C and 80% relative humidity. Samples were analysed with texturometer TA-XT2 plus and we have used the Warner-Bratzler probe. The main reason of this experiment was to find differences for two selected textural parameters, firmness and toughness of the fresh and stored sausages. The average firmness and toughness of fresh sausages before storage were 1.83 kg and 12.86 kg.s-1 respectively. These values were increased after the storage. The average firmness and toughness of stored sausages were 2.74 kg and 19.23 kg.s-1 respectively. It means, storage affects the textural properties of sausages (p <0.05). We were observed decrease of the water activity after the storage. The loss of free water was 5.1% higher in the case of commercial sausages. Also, the protein content, fat content and minerals elements content were analysed. The content of overall protein was 5.8% higher in the traditional sausages. The fat content in commercial sausages was 3.36% higher in comparison to traditional sausages. The sensory quality of traditional sausages was better than commercial sausages.
Dependence among total polyphenols content, total antioxidant capacity and heavy metals content in potatoes
Authors: Musilová Janette , Bystrická Judita , Volnová Beáta , Lednický Pavol
Published: December 2015

Polyphenols belong to the most significant compounds with antioxidant effects in potatoes. Their content depends on several factors. The most important factor is the variety of potatoes and the conditions of their growing such as temperature, rainfall, altitude, agronomic and chemical characteristics of the soil. We have compared two potato cultivars in the study which have been grown in the Slovak localities Dolné Obdokovce and Vrbová nad Váhom (cv. Agria) and Nitra, Radošina and Vrbová nad Váhom (cv. Impala). In lyophilized samples of potatoes total polyphenols content in ethanolic extracts using Folin-Ciocalteu agens and in methanolic extracts total antioxidant capacity using DPPH were spectrophotometrically determined. The average total polyphenols content in the potato variety Impala was 604.26 ±120.70 mg.kg-1 dry matter (DM) and 529.37 ±59.35 mg.kg-1 DM in the variety Agria. The average value of total antioxidant capacity, expressed in % inhibition, was 8.44 ±1.68% in the potato variety Impala and 8.09 ±1.14% in Agria. The results obtained were evaluated by One-way analysis of variance ANOVA (LSD-test), using Statistical Analysis Software Statgraphics. Mutual correlations among the total polyphenols content, total antioxidant capacity and heavy metals concent (Pb, Ni, Cd - determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method: Cd, Pb: GF-AAS and Ni F-AAS) were evaluated using the correlation and regression analysis (Microsoft Excel). Statistically significant interdependence (p <0.05) was only confirmed between the Cd content and total antioxidant capacity in both cultivars, or between the Ni content and total antioxidant capacity in the variety Impala.