bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Reformism and Revolution: the Muslim Brotherhood and the Student Movement in Egypt in the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Pioppi Daniela
Published: December 2023

The article presents an overview of the formation, organisation and political role of the Muslim Brotherhood student movement in the Egyptian contentious political scene of the 1930s and 1940s up to the 1952 military coup, by combining the rich secondary literature of the period with the Brotherhood’s internal sources. The reconstruction focuses on the fact that the Muslim Brotherhood – as any mass organisation – was far less homogeneous than what is normally claimed by both internal and external sources, both sharing a general overstating of internal discipline and absolute obedience, especially during Ḥasan al-Bannā’s charismatic leadership (1928–1949). The students of the Muslim Brotherhood were clearly channelling bottom-up pressures for more radical political action, sometimes ignoring directives from above and influencing the trajectory of the larger movement. In the warming political context of the late 1940s, Islamist students were acting independently, for instance taking the initiative to build tactical alliances with other student organisations even those belonging to the antagonist leftist/progressive camp, thus actively contributing to creating the momentum that led to the 1952 Revolution. However, and despite the clear message from its base, the Brotherhood leadership ended up by always opting for a moderate and cautious course, avoiding head-on confrontation with the government even at the cost of multiple crises and defections.
Nāzilat dār al-akābir e il tentativo di riconciliazione sociale in Tunisia
Authors: Nicosia Aldo
Published: December 2023

In Nāzilat dār al-akābir (“The misfortune of the house of notables”, 2020), Amīra Ġanīm (1978) creates a fiction that fascinates Tunisian and Arab readers, reopening at the same time the debate on the significance of the historical character of al-Ṭāhir al-Ḥaddād (1899–1935), one of the most revolutionary social reformers of the 20th century. The misfortune to which the title refers is linked to the discovery of a mysterious letter sent by al-Ḥaddād to a young scion of a family of notables from the Tunis medina, Lallā Zubayda. The find raises the suspicion of an illicit love story between the two protagonists, triggering a series of heavy reactions and cascading events.

To bring out the weight of al-Ḥaddad’s positions on colonial powers and the women’s rights issues, Ġanīm supports her fiction with historical documentation. Through the role of eleven narrators she manages to connect important events of almost a century ago with contemporary ones, up to the revolution against the Ben Ali regime and beyond it.

In the article I intend to argue how Lallā Zubayda and her faithful maid, Luwīza, represent the two faces of the same country, symbols of a Tunisia martyred by patriarchal powers, colonialism and erroneous post-colonial policies, which have created the objective conditions for various internal clashes. The implicit message of the novel would be an urgent call towards a social reconciliation between social classes after an acute reflection on Tunisian identity and women’s rights, in a period of difficult political transition.
Developing the Tokelau National Health and Physical Education Curriculum: A case study
Authors: Trask Suzanne , Manuele Pule , Borne Losa , Galy Olivier , Potter Barry , Bay Jacquie
Published: December 2023

Background:

National school curriculum statements detail what it is important to learn and are highly context- and discipline-specific. The health and physical education (H&PE) learning areas have multiple learning purposes, and facilitating this in curriculum design is a significant and challenging task.

Objective:

There is little reporting on ‘behind-the-scenes’ practices of H&PE curriculum writing, despite this being a key mechanism by which the shaping of curricula occurs. This article offers a descriptive case study of curriculum development for the Tokelau National Curriculum H&PE learning area for Years 0–13. Prior to 2021, this learning area did not formally exist in the Tokelau National Curriculum Framework.

Design, Setting and Methods:

The case reports on the processes and decisions of a multi-national transdisciplinary writing team from Tokelau, New Zealand and New Caledonia. We explore the questions: ‘Why the need for an H&PE curriculum, and who is it for?’ Document collection and team-based interviews formed the basis for deductive descriptive analysis of the writing processes.

Results:

Three key themes were developed. Related to ‘why’, findings illustrate the importance of formalising H&PE learning, representing knowledge, skills and capabilities useful for present and future generations of young people in Tokelau. Considering ‘for whom’, findings emphasise the involvement of the community in curriculum decisions, and the inclusion of distinctive features aligned with community values, needs and aspirations.

Conclusion:

The case study illustrates the requisite coming together of different groups and expertise in the creation of a curriculum, a synthesis of pre-existing and new knowledge and experiences. The focus on health promotion and health and physical literacies exemplifies the everyday use of school curriculum goals to support community health.
Lifetimes of Vulnerability: Childhood Adversity, Poor Adult Health, and the Criminal Legal System
Authors: Henderson LeShae
Published: December 2023

On average, incarcerated people have higher rates of poor health, mental illness, and histories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) than the general population. This mixed-methods analysis examines the relationship between ACEs and poor adult health among a sample of formerly incarcerated people. The quantitative analysis (N = 122) shows childhood adversity is associated with various health conditions in adulthood, although the strength of this relationship varies by the kinds of ACEs respondents encountered. The qualitative analysis of life history timelines (N = 42) reveals two pathways relating ACEs to poor health and legal system involvement: (1) violence and victimization and (2) drug use as a coping mechanism. Unaddressed mental health challenges in the aftermath of adversity emerged as an important precursor to both pathways. Prisons lack a meaningful consideration of these early life events and the social structures that result in the high rates of vulnerable people in its care.
The death of thought: Reading Bataille in the ruins of a university
Authors: Allen Ansgar
Published: December 2023

This paper takes on and explores the disturbing and perhaps counter-intuitive notion that the university is the place where the intellect goes to die. This idea is explored alongside Georges Bataille’s suggestion that the death of thought might actually be a worthy pursuit and only thought which seeks its own limits is worth striving for. The deleterious effects of the university upon thought are nonetheless contrasted to Bataille’s own attempts to take thought to the point of its expiration. The key difference between the ‘teaching of death’ that Bataille has in mind, and the enactment of the death of thinking that the university achieves is this: Bataille seeks, however impossibly, to bring death “into the field of vision”. Academic knowledge production, by contrast, with its systematism, its rigor, its proceduralism and its subsumption by work, merely abandons the thinking subject to the inevitable result, which for Bataille, is unthinking servility, a premature, utterly suppressed, and domesticated, death-in-life.
Psychometric Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for Saudi Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alreshidi Salman M.
Published: December 2023

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic-language Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among Saudi caregivers of patients with chronic diseases. Using a cross-sectional design, 94 Saudi caregivers (37 male and 57 female) in the medical city participated in the study. A comparative assessment was conducted on 4 models proposed in the existing PHQ-9 literature to gauge their compatibility through confirmatory factor analyses. This study evaluates convergent validity through a correlation analysis, examining the relationship between the PHQ-9 and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Among the various models we examined, the single-factor structure of the PHQ-9 displayed the best fit with the data we gathered. Notably, the Cronbach alpha coefficient for the PHQ-9 registered at .81, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Factor loadings spanned a range from .39 to .76. The convergent validity of the PHQ-9 and DASS-21 was deemed satisfactory. It is established that the PHQ-9 serves as an effective tool for depression screening among Saudi caregivers in Saudi Arabia. Its strengths lie in its demonstrated validity, dependability, brevity, and convenience of administration, positioning it as a valuable resource for preventative measures and performance assessment within mental health settings.
Incremental Validity of MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 Scores in Public Safety Candidate Pre-employment Psychological Evaluations
Authors: Whitman Megan R. , Holmes Kaci , SUE ELIAS Laura , Cappo Bruce M. , Ben-porath Yossef S.
Published: December 2023

This study evaluated the incremental validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) and the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO PI-3) scores in predicting California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training dimension (i.e., the POST-10) ratings in public safety ( n = 754) pre-employment psychological evaluations (PPEs). Although research has supported the use of the MMPI and NEO PI instruments separately, no study has evaluated the use of these abnormal- and normal-range tests in conjunction, consistent with the POST Manual requirement of use of clinical and normal-range personality measures. The MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 were completed during PPE. Problem ratings in the POST-10 dimensions were rated using information from the assessing psychologist’s report. MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 scores incremented one another in nearly every hierarchical ordinal logit regression model conducted to predict the ratings for five dimensions. Clinical implications and limitations, including potential criterion contamination especially for NEO PI-3 scores, are discussed.
In the ear of the viewer: Toward an auditory dominance in early word learning
Authors: Havy Mélanie
Published: December 2023

In everyday life, children hear but also often see their caregiver talking. Children build on this correspondence to resolve auditory uncertainties and decipher words from the speech input. As they hear the name of an object, 18- to 30-month-olds form a representation that permits word recognition in either the auditory (i.e. acoustic form of the word with no accompanying face) or the visual modality (i.e. seeing a silent talking face). Continuing on this work, we ask whether this ability already exists at a younger age. Using a cross-modal word learning task, French-learning 14-month-old infants were taught novel word–object mappings. During learning, they experienced the words auditorily. At test, they experienced the words either in the auditory or the visual modality. Results revealed successful word recognition in the auditory modality only. This suggests that as opposed to older children, 14-month-old infants only interpret novel auditorily learned words auditorily. This finding is discussed in line with the perceptual and lexical achievements that may influence infants’ capacity to navigate from the auditory to the visual modality during word learning.
Gender similarities and differences in early childhood development in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Rey-Guerra Catalina , Yousafzai Aisha K. , Dearing Eric
Published: December 2023

Gender differences in early childhood development are under-researched in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where almost 90% of the world’s young children live. This study examines the direction, magnitude, and variation of gender similarities and differences in 3- and 4-year-olds’ early childhood development in 71 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Moreover, we explore whether country-level gender inequality correlates with gender differences in early development. We analyzed Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) data from UNICEF’s Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys and the Demographic and Health Surveys between 2010 and 2019 ( n = 226,980). Using logistic regression, we estimated children’s odds of being developmentally on track in literacy-numeracy, approaches to learning, social-emotional, and physical domains. We also used meta-analytic regression to examine associations between early childhood development and country-level indicators of gender inequality. In approximately one-half of LMICs, odds of being developmentally on track did not significantly differ for girls and boys; in countries with significant differences, girls were more likely to be on track than boys (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.18–1.24], p < .001). Differences favoring girls were largest in the social-emotional domain (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = [1.24–1.30], p < .001). Country-level gender development index explained a substantial amount of variation in gender differences across countries. Overall, findings suggest that when gender differences exist, girls are more likely than boys to be developmentally on track, particularly in the social-emotional domain and in countries with greater gender equality.
Exploring music integration: Early childhood and elementary teacher practices
Authors: Gee Jennifer L
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine early childhood and elementary classroom teachers’ music integration practices. The study included 395 California early childhood and elementary educators. Using a survey administered via Qualtrics, I assessed the frequency of music integration in their classrooms. The findings revealed that participants integrated music into language arts (51.9%), math (43.0%), morning carpet time (51.9%), and free time (50.4%). Significant differences occurred between gender and frequency of music integration into physical education; age and other subjects; age and classroom activities; years of teaching experience and classroom activities; and formal training in music and language arts, history-social science, spelling, and classroom activities. The study also addresses potential implications for further research in this area.
Negative speaks louder than positive: Negative implicit partner evaluations forecast destructive daily interactions and relationship decline
Authors: Sakman Ezgi , Zayas Vivian
Published: December 2023

Romantic relationships are affectively complex. Any given interaction consists of both rewarding and aversive features. Recent work has shown that implicit partner evaluations (IPEs)—evaluations spontaneously triggered when one thinks about one’s partner—are also affectively complex. Does such complexity in IPEs help individuals navigate rewarding and aversive aspects inherent in interactions? The present work examined the proposition that negative IPEs uniquely forecast aversive daily relationship behaviors, whereas positive IPEs uniquely forecast rewarding daily relationship behaviors. Individuals self-identified as in a heterosexual romantic relationship completed measures to assess their implicit and explicit partner evaluations at two time points, spanning a three-month period, as well as a daily diary component. Time-1 negative IPEs forecasted perceiving and enacting negative behaviors during a 14-day daily diary, which, in turn, predicted deterioration in explicit partner and relationship evaluations 3-months later. The predictive ability of negative IPEs remained even after statistically controlling for positive IPEs and explicit evaluations. Positive IPEs were weak and inconsistent predictors of outcomes. The findings shine a spotlight on the differential functions of positive and negative IPEs, the importance of assessing negative IPEs independently from positive IPEs, and the role of negative IPEs in predicting destructive relationship experiences.
Prevalence, clinical presentation, and risk factors of chronic venous disease in Cameroon: A general population-based study
Authors: Ngatchou William , Barche Blaise , Temgoua Mazou , Metouguena Serge Erwich , Jutcha Ivan , Mvondo Charles Mve , Kamdem Félicité , Dzudie Anastase , Ndjoh Samuel , Johne Marcel , Metogo Junette , Ndom Marie Solange , Sango Joseph , Ngo Yon Carole , Moulium Sidick , Lade Viche , Kuaté Liliane Mfeukeu , Menanga Alain Patrick , Sobngwi Eugène , Njock Richard , Blazquez Silvestra Barrena , Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Chronic venous disease is a global public health problem, with high morbidity and economic distress. There is scarcity of data on this disease in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

We conducted the first population-based study over a period of 20 months from 1st February 2020 to 30th September 2021 in the 10 regions of Cameroon. A stratify sampling method was chose to select study site. Socio-demographic data, personal and family history, anthropometric parameters, clinical signs, illustrative images, CEAP (Clinical-Etiological-Anatomical-Pathophysiological) classification revised in 2004, VCSS (venous Clinical Severity Score) and risk factor assessment score were used to construct the survey form. Chi-squared test and Fischer exact test were used to compare the prevalence of chronic venous disease across different potential risk factors (sex, age category, previous history of deep vein thrombosis, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, obesity). Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratio for risk factors associated with chronic venous insufficiency. Statistical analyses were done with R version 4.2 for Linux and the threshold for statistical significance was 0.05.

Results

A total of 6578 participants were included in the study, with a mean age of 41.09 ± 16.02 years with female predominance (54.3%). The prevalence of chronic venous disease was 21.8% (95% CI: 20.8–22.9) and the prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency (C3–C6) was 7.02% ( n = 462). Night cramps (43.2%), oedema (21.7%), lower limbs pain (20.4%) mostly worsens by walking and heavy legs (16.2%) were more common symptoms. The mean total venous clinical severity score was 0.69 ± 1.76 and this score had a significant positive correlation with C classification ( p < .001). In the multivariate analysis, the following factors were independently associated with CVD: Male gender (aOR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.04–1.56; p = .021), retired people (aOR: 46.9; 95% CI: 12.6–174.5; p < .001), hypertension (aOR: 289.5; 95%CI: 169.69–493.1; p < .001), diabetes (aOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.21–3.96; p = .009), obesity (aOR: 10.22; 95%CI: 7.67–13.62; p < .001). Smoking appears as a protective factor (aOR: 0.18; 95%CI: 0.10–0.30; p < .001).

Conclusion

Chronic venous disease is frequent in Cameroon and main traditional cardiovascular risk factors are associated to this condition. Systematic screening of the CVD in these specific groups could reduce the burden of the disease and its economic impact.
Perceiving the outlier in the crowd: The influence of facial identity
Authors: Ping Yuting , Ouyang Yiyun , Zhang Manhua , Zheng Wen
Published: December 2023

The accurate perception of groups with outliers can help us identify potential risks. However, it is unclear how outliers affect the perception of group emotion. To address this question, we conducted a study on group emotion perception in the context of facial identity. We presented 74 participants with pictures of crowds, and asked them to evaluate the valence ratios and intensity of the crowd by means of the Emotional Aperture Measure. The results revealed that outlier emotions were often overestimated within crowds. Moreover, we found that the emotional expression of a close friend modulated the perception of outliers. Specifically, when a close friend expressed the group emotion, participants overestimated the outlier less than when a close friend expressed the outlier emotion. These results suggest that people can detect outliers within groups, and that their perception of group emotion is influenced by close friends. Thus, we provide evidence that facial identity affects group emotion perception.
Public and professional involvement in a systematic review investigating the impact of occupational therapy on the self-management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gavin James P , Rossiter Laura , Fenerty Vicky , Leese Jenny , Adams Jo , Hammond Alison , Davidson Eileen , Backman Catherine L
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Public and health professional involvement (PHPI) is essential in healthcare research yet uncommonly integrated into systematic reviews. We incorporated and evaluated PHPI in a mixed methods review of occupational therapy for self-management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods:

Public partners were living with or caring for someone with RA. Our steering group comprised two public, two professionals (one occupational therapist, one rheumatologist), and one reviewer who planned the review’s PHPI (August 2021). Involvement was evaluated from public and health professional (PHP) perspectives using a survey and workshops (August–October 2022) exploring reasons for involvement, challenges and learning opportunities.

Results:

Alongside the steering group, 16 public and 6 professionals were involved throughout the review. Five public refined the search strategy, with three assisting in subsequent review activities. PHPs helped interpret findings during three public ( n = 12) and one professional workshop ( n = 4). Three occupational therapists and one public co-authored (ED) publications. In evaluation, PHPs felt valued and that their involvement was well-integrated. The researchers underestimated the time required for communicating and conducting PHPI in the review.

Conclusions:

PHPI is worthwhile, feasible and can be integrated within a systematic review. PHP partners considered participation valuable; researchers must prioritise time to prepare and communicate PHPI activities.
“Cowboy up”: Gender, labor, and workforce housing in Colorado ski country
Authors: Frydenlund Shae
Published: December 2023

Workforce housing does not reproduce all workers equally. So, what kind of workers does “workforce” housing reproduce? Whose reproduction is prioritized, whose is devalued, and how? A case study of housing access and design in three elite Vail Resorts enclaves in Colorado shows that workforce housing prioritizes the reproduction of a young, flexible androcentric workforce who can be cheaply and easily housed. Extending McIntyre and Nast’s theorization of racial subsidies, I argue that resort capital awards unearned gendered subsidies to privileged workers and instantiates what Susanne Soederberg calls “displaced survival,” or recursive dislocation, for women workers and those with dependents. I detail how twin processes of displaced survival and gendered subsidy emerge in resort communities using data from interviews, survey, ethnographic observation, autoethnography, and municipal records. By attending to the lived experiences of workers in this niche industry, this paper contributes to literature on geographies of exclusion and expands scholarly understandings of how the gendered political economy of labor is sedimented in housing regimes.
New insights into the link between pro-environmental attitudes and household food waste behaviours in China: Moderating effect of shopping distance
Authors: Wen Hong-Xing , Wu Xiao-Qing , Cui Ting , Yang Zhen-Ni , Chen You-Hua
Published: December 2023

Environmental attitude, value and awareness are widely believed to help reach the goal of cutting global food waste, but these psychological and cognitive factors are not always good predictors of wasteful behaviours. Notably, it is still unclear how the role of pro-environmental attitude (PEA) in reducing household food waste (HFW) changes with grocery shopping distance. To this end, using 7319 households survey data from China, this study investigates the moderating effect of shopping distance on the link between PEA and HFW behaviour. The results of Tobit regressions show that PEA is an important predictor of actual HFW behaviour in the absence of the constraint of shopping distance. However, the expansion of shopping distance will weaken the positive role of PEA in reducing HFW. It indicates that, due to the temporal and financial constraints generated by shopping distance, there is a certain degree of hypothetical deviation between the wasteful behaviours that individuals actually exhibit and their stated PEA. Our findings, from the perspective of the moderating effect of shopping distance, explain why some individuals deviate from their stated PEA in HFW behaviour, which provides a new insight into the generation of ‘attitude–behaviour’ gap. Therefore, policy interventions that merely enhancing environmental education may have limited effect on reducing food waste; instead, the promotion of citizen environmental ethics should be combined with efforts to improve the accessibility of retail infrastructures.
One Size Fits All? Exploring Motivation for Public Employees With a Job Fit Framework and Response Surface Analysis
Authors: Oelberger Carrie , Eaton Alyce , Choi Jung Ho
Published: December 2023

To advance tailored recruitment, management, and on-the-job socialization, we present a complementary “job fit” framework that integrates intrinsic, extrinsic, relational, and prosocial job design attributes. Employing polynomial regression models and response surface analysis, we capture and display three-dimensionally whether, when, and how the match (or mismatch) between employee preferences and experiences relates to job satisfaction. Using a large, cross-national sample of public employees, we illustrate this framework and methodology through analysis of matched preferences, experiences, and job satisfaction across six job attributes. We identified that public employees’ varied experiences of job attributes have differential impacts on job satisfaction, contingent upon preferences for the attribute. The only attribute we identified that was insensitive to employee preferences was job security. We find, for example, that working with others is associated with decreased job satisfaction for those that prefer working alone. These findings support the motivating potential of complementary “job fit” and provide nuanced attention to appropriate methodologies and a broader range of job design attributes.
Physical Intimate Partner Violence and Emotional Harm in Five U.S. States
Authors: Semenza Daniel C. , Ziminski Devon , Anestis Michael D.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between physical intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and four related aspects of emotional well-being: threat sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, impulse control, and access to resources for emotional regulation. We draw on a transactional model of IPV and emotional regulation to theorize how invalidation and partner threats in relationships can generate harmful emotional outcomes. We used representative data collected for residents living in five U.S. states: Colorado, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Texas. Our analytic sample included individuals who reported having been in a romantic relationship in the past year ( N = 2,501). Data were collected using a probability-based web panel, between April 29 and May 15, 2022. Following the presentation of descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations, we developed a series of four multivariate models (ordinary least squares [OLS], negative binomial) to analyze the association between IPV victimization and each emotional outcome. All models adjusted for pertinent demographic and geographic control measures. Physical IPV victimization was associated with increased intolerance of uncertainty and heightened threat sensitivity. IPV victimization also corresponded with poorer impulse control and fewer resources for emotional regulation. Overall, our results demonstrate that experiences of physical IPV victimization are linked to poorer emotional outcomes. These outcomes can be harmful to broader mental health and potentially impact long-term well-being. The findings underscore the importance of mental health screenings that extend beyond assessments of diagnostic-level functions and allocating resources toward alleviating other clinically relevant factors that might arise from or even prompt additional exposure to physical IPV.
The random thermo-elastic nonlinear vibration analysis of porous FGM nano-beams using the first order perturbation theory
Authors: Chandel Vikram Singh , Talha Mohammad
Published: December 2023

The objective of present work is to study the nonlocal nonlinear thermo-elastic vibrations of porous nanobeams made up of functionally graded material (FGM) with random material properties. The mechanical properties of the nano-beam are calculated using a porosity based power law model by assuming the cosine type porosity distributions. The randomness present in the material properties cause the mechanical characteristics of the nano-beams to be random, hence first order perturbation theory has been employed to take care of this randomness. The Reddy’s beam theory in association with the Eringen’s non classical elasticity has been used to account for nonlocal effects, and Von-karman nonlinearity has been employed to take care of geometric nonlinearity. The governing equations are derived from the minimum potential energy principle and solved them using the finite element method. To validate the present model, a convergence and comparison study has been performed. Further, the effects of amplitude ratio, aspect ratio, uncertain material properties, size parameter, porosity, thermal environment, and gradation of material on the stochastic behavior of the porous FGM nano-beams are demonstrated. As a result of the present research, the significance of considering thermal environment, porosity, and random material properties has been revealed for the design of nanodevices and systems to be more reliable.
Parametric study in analysing the effect of spinning on the deformable projectiles undergoing impact
Authors: Pranay V , Panigrahi SK
Published: December 2023

Projectiles spin as they move through the air due to the rifled barrels. The projectile consists of both translational and rotational velocities called spinning when the projectile reaches the target. In this parametric study dealing with influencing factors such as residual velocity, residual mass, residual energy etc. in analysing the effect of spinning on deformable projectiles undergoing impact are carried out based on the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using commercial LS-DYNA software. The projectile and the target materials are considered deformable and modelled based on Johnson-Cook (JC) strength and failure models. Initially, the model is validated by using the experimental results available in the literature. The validated model is extended to study the effect of above cited parameters including projectile materials and target obliquity etc. on projectile spinning. In the present research, steel and lead materials are considered for the projectile. Al 7075-T651 material is considered for the target. The residual energy which is a function of residual mass and residual velocity has been computed for the projectile with different materials. It has been found that the projectiles made up of lead experienced more damage with the spin compared to steel. Accordingly, the lead material is not suitable for the projectile with spinning. Hence, the subsequent analysis is extended with the projectile made up of steel only and allowed to impact the target with different orientations. It has been observed that the projectile path is slightly deviating when it is impacted on an inclined target compared to normal impact conditions. So, the energy required to defeat the target with spin and without spin is evaluated to understand the spinning effectiveness. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that, for 90° target inclination, 1x spin is favourable compared to without spin that is, 0x. As the target inclination is decreased further, 2x spin is preferred compared to no spinning.
Failure analysis of pipelines with corrosion defects under landslide
Authors: Hu Gang , Lu Zengkai , Li Hu , Guo Junyu , Shen Kunrong
Published: December 2023

As the total mileage of the pipeline and the years of operation are increasing, the threat of landslide and corrosion defects to the safety of pipeline operation is also increasing. In this paper, based on the nonlinear elastoplastic theory, a pipe-soil coupling model is established to determine the maximum stress location of the pipeline containing corrosion defects under the action of landslide, on the basis of this location, the internal pressure of pipeline operation and the factors such as landslide width and landslide displacement are analyzed. Through multivariate linear regression, the equation of the maximum stress of the pipeline with the change of landslide width and displacement is fitted. The results show that in the landslide area, the operating pressure has less influence on the safety of the pipeline and the existence of corrosion defects will lead to sudden stress changes here, which will lead to the perforation of the pipeline; with the increase of the landslide width and landslide displacement, the plastic deformation area will appear in the middle of the pipeline, which means that the pipeline in this area is prone to bending, rupture and flattening and other failures, and the safety of the pipeline has a greater risk. In the non-slippery area, the maximum stress of the pipeline will increase with the increase of operating pressure, landslide width, and landslide displacement. Through multiple linear regression, the correlation coefficients of fitting the maximum stress of the pipeline with the expressions of landslide width and displacement are 0.959 and 0.996 respectively to prove the reliability of the formula.
Investigation on passenger car CRDI engine for optimization of its fuel and operating parameters for lower emissions fuelled with diesel, biodiesel and higher alcohol blends
Authors: Subramani Saravanan , Kumar Paul Durai , Jayenthiran Vignesh , Iyamperumal Meenakshi Sundaram
Published: December 2023

In the present examination it was attempted to analyse the influence of jatropha methyl ester along with butanol and operating parameters of a three-cylinder automotive passenger car common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine on its performance and emission features. Design of experiments methodology was adopted to design the experiments for the present work. NOx, smoke and brake thermal efficiency were the responses and torque, speed, percentage biodiesel in the diesel/biodiesel blend and percentage of higher alcohol blend were the factors for the work. Percentage influence of each factor on the responses and the optimum combination levels of factors was obtained through Taguchi parametric design. From the analysis it was observed that among the torque and speed, the influence of torque is more in the performance and emission features of the tested engine. Also, addition of butanol influences the engine characteristics when compared with that of biodiesel. Among the operating and fuel parameters tested, operating parameters of the engine show their dominant role in lowering the NOx and smoke emission with better BTE with a percentage contribution of 76 when compared to the fuel parameters contribution of 24%
Research on fault diagnosis method of linear vibration screen based on fused RP-improved CNN
Authors: Fan Wei , Feng Tianteng , He Yuezhou , Chen Fangtao
Published: December 2023

A fault diagnosis method based on fused RP (recurrence plot) and improved CNN (convolutional neural networks) is proposed for the traditional fault diagnosis method of linear vibrating screen manually designed and optimized features with feature quality uncertainty. A deep convolutional neural network combination model (MDCNN) with high-level feature fusion is designed. The collected multi-source vibration signals were converted into black and white recurrence plot, and fusion into three-channel RGB recurrence plot. Fault diagnosis was classified by the combination model of deep convolution neural network with high level feature fusion. The results show that the recurrence plot of homologous multi-sensor signals contains more information about the characteristics of the vibrating screen than the original colorful signal map or the Gram Point Field, which contributes to the feature learning and classification of MDCNN, with an average recognition accuracy of 97.59% under strong vibrating sift-5db noise. Compared with manifold classical neural network models, the MDCNN model is proved to be effective, stable and small space occupying.
Coordinated adaptive cruise control with integration of driving behaviors based on prediction for surrounding vehicles status
Authors: Wang Jian , Pan Chaofeng , Li Zhongxing
Published: December 2023

The adaptive cruise is an important vehicle control process for unmanned vehicles. This paper studies coordinated adaptive cruise control (ACC) of energy-saving in an intelligent networked environment, aiming to integrate control for common driving behaviors (cruising, following, lane-changing) by hierarchical control. The decision-making layer for integrating three driving behaviors is designed to improve the economy and passing time. Respectively, cruising strategy is optimized by considering efficient working area of motor; following strategy is constructed by dynamically adjusting the following distance with the state changes of the surrounding vehicles; lane-changing strategy is developed by considering the motor working efficiency of target speed. To improve the predictability of decision-making, non-linear autoregressive neural network (NARX) is introduced to predict the surrounding vehicle state. Furthermore, receiving the control reference from the decision layer, the controller is designed to realizes the tracking control of vehicle speed and following distance based on model predictive control (MPC), which is co-optimized for tracking, economy, and comfort. Eventually, the effectiveness of the coordinated ACC control is verified based on the hardware in the loop (HiL) test. The experiment results show that the vehicles with coordinated ACC can shorten the passing time and reduce the driving energy consumption to a certain extent, especially in the medium and low speed conditions.
Driving intention prediction algorithm based on TPA-LSTM for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Wu Yanhong , Gao Jianbo , Wu Huateng , Wei Hanbing
Published: December 2023

To avoid the potential risk triggered by the failure of the conflict arbitration of autonomous vehicles, a driving intention prediction method based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network involving Temporal Pattern Attention (TPA) is proposed. To be more specific, the TPA is embedded into the LSTM network to improve predictive accuracy. Furthermore, for evaluating the risk of the candidate trajectory, a risk assessment based on the velocity obstacle method which considers influence factors such as time to collision and collision energy loss is proposed. Finally, the proposed trajectory prediction algorithm is verified with the Next Generation Simulation data set and actual vehicle experiment. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Method.
Comparison and experiment validation of fatigue data editing methods for vehicle component
Authors: Xu Jingwei , Liu Xiangnan
Published: December 2023

Fatigue data editing (FDE) is an effective scheme to shorten the time of durability bench testing of vehicle components. In this paper, four existing FDE method for vehicle components were evaluated and compared. Moreover, a novel FDE method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm was proposed. In this method, the VMD algorithm was used to decompose the fatigue data into several intrinsic mode function (IMF) components. The instantaneous energy spectrum of the fatigue data was obtained using the Hilbert transform to analyze the IMF components. Then, the damaging segments were extracted to obtain the edited fatigue data. Fatigue data measured at powertrain mount was used for method comparative study. Results indicate that the time compression ratio of the VMD-based method is about 16.09%, which is larger than that of other editing methods. Furthermore, the experiment data shows that the editing effect of the proposed method were encouraging.
Road segment and driving schedule effects in real-time operation on electric vehicle performance and operating cost analysis
Authors: Gurusamy Azhaganathan , Ashok Bragadeshwaran
Published: December 2023

Electric two-wheelers (E2W) are getting attraction as personal commuting vehicles owing to their key features like zero tailpipe emissions and lower energy consumption. However, the driving range, maximum speed and load-carrying capacity are the major hurdles associated with the E2W penetration rate in modern mobility. Likewise, these performance characteristics are varying based on the powertrain size, driving and atmospheric conditions. To address these challenges, The present study is focused on evaluating the operating regions of E2W powertrain components under three major road segments including rural, highway and urban at different driving schedules such as morning, afternoon and evening. The speed, acceleration and time-related driving parameters for the selected driving routes and trip timings are calculated to study their influence on the performance of E2W along with ambient conditions. Further, this research work is extended to compare the operating cost and CO2 emission of E2W with spark-ignition two-wheeler (SI-2W) based on real-time driving conditions. The energy consumed per km for E2W is 47.10, 40.53 and 41.63 Wh/km for morning, afternoon and evening driving trips. Similarly, the battery state of charge is recorded about 14%, 30% and 27% respectively at the end of the trips. Also, the results revealed that higher energy is consumed on the morning driving schedule due to higher average speeds with unfavourable ambient conditions. On the other way around, the CO2 emission, operating cost per trip and 100 km of E2W are 6.4, 6.5 and 2.4 times lesser than SI-2W.
Investigating the onset and steady-state conditions of a diaphragm thermoacoustic stirling engine
Authors: Zare Shahryar , Tavakolpour-Saleh A.R. , Hosseininia Amirhossein , Sangdani Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2023

This work investigates the onset and steady-state conditions of diaphragm thermoacoustic Stirling engines using the averaging-based Lyapunov technique for the first time. First, the diaphragm thermoacoustic Stirling engine is introduced. Next, the startup conditions, including the onset condition and existence of a stable limit cycle (steady-state) of the engine are studied based on the alteration of the mass connected to the diaphragm of SUTech-SR-3 in the range of 88.2 g to 121.2 g. The simulation results obtained from the averaging-based Lyapunov technique show the engine can run only in the mass range of 90.4 g to 119 g. On the other hand, to validate the simulation outcomes, this assessment is carried out experimentally. The practical results confirm the extracted outcomes from this method. Based on the allowable range acquired from this technique, the effect of the change in the value of the mass connected to the engine diaphragm on the operating frequency is investigated experimentally. This work shows that the employed method can be a helpful means to investigate the startup conditions of the diaphragm thermoacoustic Stirling engines.
Reconstructing a palaeotsunami: Geomorphological and cultural change associated with a catastrophic 15th century event, Kāpiti Coast, Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: McClintock Jodie , Goff James , McFadgen Bruce
Published: December 2023

An understanding of the geomorphological processes instigated by seismic-related catastrophes such as tsunamis is important to our understanding of their potential impacts on both past and present human populations. Due to the relative scarcity of human records of such events in prehistory, it is necessary to rely on the geological record to identify and interpret the environmental changes caused by such catastrophes. A multi-proxy analysis of geological and geomorphological data is used to identify a local signal of a region-wide 15th century palaeotsunami that inundated the SW North Island coast of Aotearoa/New Zealand. A comparison with regional geological and archaeological evidence enriches our understanding of the nature and extent of this event and its impact on human settlement that complements similar findings in other countries.
Impact of organisational, environmental, technological and human factors on cloud computing adoption for university libraries
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan Mallam , Ahmad Kamsuriah , Sallehudin Hasimi
Published: December 2023

Cloud computing has emerged as a transformative technology in many industries, including academia. As large information repositories, university libraries stand to benefit significantly from the increasing use of cloud computing. University library services especially in developing countries have been limited to what can be provided within the physical premises, potentially leading to a less flexible and less accessible information service delivery model. This situation is driven by the existing technology divide and the myriad challenges associated with information technology (IT) adoption, such as political instability, deficiencies in IT infrastructure, regulatory policies, organisational constraints, and government initiatives or support. To enhance the efficient service delivery of university libraries through the adoption of innovative IT, a thorough study to consider organisational, environmental, technological, and human issues is needed because it can be used as guidelines to assist university libraries in leapfrogging their efforts as a motivation for adopting cloud computing technology for efficient service delivery. The present study examines the success factors contributing to the adoption of cloud computing in university libraries. In light of the abovementioned factors, a review of 25 papers was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach for study selection. The review’s findings demonstrate that various factors significantly influence cloud computing adoption in university libraries. Organisational factors, including top management support, training and education, organisational intention, and readiness, speed up the adoption process. Environmental factors, including competitive pressure, regulatory policies, government support, and service provider support, also impact the adoption of cloud computing. Technology-related factors, including relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity, must be considered for successful adoption. Furthermore, the extent to which cloud computing finds acceptance within university libraries is notably shaped by human factors, encompassing elements such as the attitudes and perceptions of staff towards IT change, the internal IT proficiency within the institution, and the prior technological experiences of the staff. Based on the findings, this study recommends formulating a comprehensive framework that considers all these constituent factors to facilitate the wider adoption of cloud computing in university library settings. Such a framework should focus on providing robust top-level management support, enhancing staff education and training, considering the influence of environmental factors, addressing pertinent technological challenges, and cultivating a pro-change mindset among library personnel