The Influence of Perceived Discrimination on Heart Rate Variability in Young Black Adults
Authors: Browell Addison , Via Jeremy , Griffn Leila , Reid Jill , Simulcik Summer , Hagiwara Nao , Sutton Arnethea 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, with a disproportional precedence in Black adults. Heart rate variability (HRV) is used to help predict future CVD, with lower HRV indicative of a compromised cardiovascular system. Prior evidence has suggested that experienced racial discrimination is associated with CVD risk. However, there is limited information regarding experienced racial discrimination on HRV in young Black adults. Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether personal-level and group-level racial discrimination was associated with worse HRV in young Black adults. Methods: Black adults aged 18-25 (n=18, 44.45% female) volunteered to participate in this study, arriving at the lab at 7am in a fasted state. Following 30 minutes of rest, HRV measures were assessed using a SphygmoCor 3-lead ECG in a supine position. The HRV measure included the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the mean number of times an hour successive NN intervals exceeds 50ms (pNN50), the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), the low-frequency (LF) power domain, high-frequency (HF) power domain, and their ratio (LF:HF). Participants were given a perceived racial discrimination questionnaire that assessed personal-level and group-level discrimination. Pearson correlations were used to analyze the association between perceived racial discrimination measures and HRV measures. Results: In Black males, perceived personal-level racial discrimination was negatively associated with sympathetic activity (LF, R2 = -0.704, p = 0.023) and sympathovagal balance (LF:HF, R2 = -0.749, p = 0.013), and positively associated with parasympathetic activity (HF, R2 = 0.704, p = 0.023). Perceived group-level racial discrimination was not associated with HRV measures. Furthermore, perceived racial discrimination was not associated with HRV in Black females. Conclusion: Although decreased HRV has been associated with increased risk for CVD, higher HRV has been shown to be associated with left ventricular mass in Black adults. Therefore, HRV implications may be dependent on social determinants of health and other covariates that are associated with race/ethnicity. In the current study, higher HRV was observed in Black males who reported higher personal-level discrimination, which may be an important factor in sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac control and CVD risk. Given our preliminary findings, more research is warranted that investigates the impact of racial identity, resiliency, coping, and healthy lifestyle behaviors on mitigating the detrimental impact of perceived racial discrimination on the cardiovascular health of young Black adults.

Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Recipient from the American Physiological Society.

This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.