bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time crustal monitoring system of Japanese Islands based on spatio-temporal seismic velocity variation
Authors: Hutapea Fernando Lawrens , Tsuji Takeshi , Ikeda Tatsunori
Published: February 2020

To continuously monitor crustal behavior associated with earthquakes, magmatic activities and other environmental effects (e.g., tides and rain precipitation), we have developed a continuous monitoring system of seismic velocity of the Japanese Islands. The system includes four main processing procedures to obtain spatio-temporal velocity changes: (1) preparing ambient-noise data; (2) creating virtual seismograms between pairs of seismometer stations by applying seismic interferometry; (3) estimating temporal velocity variations from virtual seismograms by stretching interpolation approach, and (4) mapping spatio-temporal velocity variations. We developed a data-processing scheme that removes unstable stretching interpolation results by using the median absolute deviation technique and a median filter. To map velocity changes with high stability and high temporal resolution during long-term (i.e., longer-term monitoring), we proposed the “sliding reference method”. We also developed evaluation method to select the optimum parameters related to stability and temporal resolution. To reduce computation time for continuous monitoring, we applied parallel computation methods, such as shared memory and hybrid distributed memory parallelization. Using our efficient and stable monitoring system, we succeeded to continuously monitor the spatio-temporal velocity variation of the whole Japanese Islands using ambient-noise data from 767 seismometers. Finally, we developed a web application that displays spatio-temporal velocity changes. In the monitoring results that we open through the website, we identified velocity variation (e.g., pore pressure variation) that could be related to earthquake, aftershock, magmatic activities and environmental effects in a stable manner.
Green synthesized hydroxamic acid administered in high dose disrupts the antioxidant balance in the hepatic and splenic tissues of albino rats
Authors: Otuechere Chiagoziem A. , Adewuyi Adewale , Bankole Oluwabukola
Published: February 2020

Background

Hydroxamic acids are currently being used in diverse biological activities. We investigated the effect of hydroxamic acid, synthesized from Cyperus esculentus seeds, on the antioxidant status of the liver, spleen, and kidney of Wistar rats.

Methods

Twenty male rats were randomly divided into three treatment groups using hydroxamic acid at doses of 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg and a control group using distilled water. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after a seven-day repeated oral dosing. After that, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated in the organs.

Results

Our data showed that MDA levels remained unaltered in the liver, spleen, and kidney. However, it was found that hydroxamic acid at the dose of 50 mg/kg significantly increased SOD activity but depleted CAT, GPx activities and GSH levels in the liver when compared to the control groups. In splenic tissue, SOD activity and GSH levels were significantly diminished. Contrarily, in the kidney, treatment of rats with 50 mg/kg hydroxamic acid did not affect SOD activity, but GPx activity was increased while GST activity was decreased when compared to the controls.

Conclusion

Overall, hydroxamic acid may enhance antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver and kidney. However, caution is required at higher doses to forestall oxidative stress in the hepatic and splenic tissues.
Gluten-free biscuits produced from new drought tolerant corn hybrids: processing and evaluation
Authors: Hussein Ahmed M. , Yaseen Attia A. , Esmail Ramadan M. , Mohammad Ayman A.
Published: February 2020

Background

Drought tolerance and grain quality are the main challenges in maize cultivation due to climatic changes and population growth. So, this study aims to evaluate the suitability of nixtamalized corn flour (NCF) obtained from new drought-tolerant white corn hybrids planted under drought conditions for gluten-free biscuits production. Chemical compositions of corn hybrids, pasting properties of dough, and physical and sensory characteristics of biscuits were evaluated.

Results

Protein, fat, crude fiber, and ash contents of corn hybrids differed significantly, while there were no significant differences between carbohydrate contents. NCF showed lower peak viscosity, trough value, breakdown, and final and setback viscosities as compared to raw Single Cross Giza (SC 10) flour. This indicates that nixtamalization process reduced retrogradation capability of the produced corn flours. Corn flour with the lowest retrogradation tendency was the one produced from genotype No. 5. Baking quality, sensory properties, and color attributes indicated that biscuits made from NCF of hybrids No. 2 and 5 were significantly more acceptable compared to other samples.

Conclusion

Gluten-free biscuits could be produced using NCF of all white hybrids with acceptable quality. Moreover, superior sensory characteristics of samples manufactured from genotypes No. 2 and 5 and thereby suitable for gluten-hypersensitive patients.
Bayesian seismic inversion for stratigraphic horizon, lithology, and fluid prediction
Authors: Kolbjørnsen Odd , Buland Arild , Hauge Ragnar , Røe Per , Ndingwan Abel Onana , Aker Eyvind
Published: February 2020

We have developed an efficient methodology for Bayesian prediction of lithology and pore fluid, and layer-bounding horizons, in which we include and use spatial geologic prior knowledge such as vertical ordering of stratigraphic layers, possible lithologies and fluids within each stratigraphic layer, and layer thicknesses. The solution includes probabilities for lithologies and fluids and horizons and their associated uncertainties. The computational cost related to the inversion of large-scale, spatially coupled models is a severe challenge. Our approach is to evaluate all possible lithology and fluid configurations within a local neighborhood around each sample point and combine these into a consistent result for the complete trace. We use a one-step nonstationary Markov prior model for lithology and fluid probabilities. This enables prediction of horizon times, which we couple laterally to decrease the uncertainty. We have tested the algorithm on a synthetic case, in which we compare the inverted lithology and fluid probabilities to results from other algorithms. We have also run the algorithm on a real case, in which we find that we can make high-resolution predictions of horizons, even for horizons within tuning distance from each other. The methodology gives accurate predictions and has a performance making it suitable for full-field inversions.
Time-lapse ground penetrating radar difference reflection imaging of saline tracer flow in fractured rock
Authors: Giertzuch Peter-Lasse , Doetsch Joseph , Jalali Mohammadreza , Shakas Alexis , Schmelzbach Cédric , Maurer Hansruedi
Published: February 2020

The characterization of flow and transport processes in fractured rock is challenging because they cannot be observed directly and hydrologic tests can only provide sparse and local data. Time-lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be a valuable tool to monitor such processes in the subsurface, but it requires highly reproducible data. As part of a tracer injection experiment at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS) in Switzerland, borehole reflection GPR data were acquired in a time-lapse survey to monitor saline tracer flow through a fracture network in crystalline rock. Because the reflections from the tracer in the sub-mm fractures appear extremely weak, a differencing approach has been necessary to identify the tracer signal. Furthermore, several processing steps and corrections had to be applied to meet the reproducibility requirements. These steps include (1) single-trace preprocessing, (2) temporal trace alignment, (3) correction of sampling rate fluctuations, (4) spatial trace alignment, (5) spike removal, and (6) postprocessing procedures applied to the difference images. This allowed successful tracer propagation monitoring with a clear signal that revealed two separate tracer flow paths. The GPR results are confirmed by conductivity meters that were placed in boreholes in the GTS. If sufficient data processing is applied, GPR is shown to be capable of resolving tracer flow through sub-mm aperture fractures by difference reflection imaging even in challenging surroundings where many reflectors are present.
Texture attribute analysis based on strong background interference suppression
Authors: Shen Shi’an , Chi Siqi , Chen Wenchao , Wang Xiaokai , Wang Cheng , Huang Binke
Published: February 2020

Seismic texture attributes are closely related to seismic facies and reservoir characteristics. However, when a strong reflection interface overlying or underlying one target layer exists, their seismic response will mask the seismic response of the target layer. In this case, it is difficult to use texture attributes to identify geologic structures and reservoirs in the target layer. We have adopted a novel method to analyze texture attributes based on suppressing strong background reflection interference. First, we use the difference between the seismic response of the lateral heterogeneous reservoir and the underlying or overlying strong reflection. Second, we use morphological component analysis to separate the poststack data set into two parts: the seismic response of the target lateral heterogeneous reservoir (e.g., a channel sand body) with a small spatial distribution and the underlying or overlying strong reflection interference (e.g., the seismic response of the stable sedimentary stratum) with a wide spatial distribution. Then, we apply the texture attribute analyzing algorithm based on the voxel cooccurrence matrix to the seismic response of the target lateral heterogeneous reservoir for identifying covered structures and characterizing the reservoir. Finally, we apply the adopted method to a 2D synthetic data set and a 3D real field data set to evaluate the effectiveness of our method. The results of texture attribute analysis indicate that our method provides more detailed structural characterization and useful information.
A Review of Americanism Codes in The Americans
Authors: Ocakoğlu Salih
Published: February 2020

The Americans manufactured by Swiss photographer Robert Frank. The Americans has been the most popular in the social context in many of his albums. The use of methods beyond the age of both content and form in the photographs in the album has caused criticism by American citizens and photographers. While the contextual codes are criticized for being perceived as insult by American individuals, the radical changes in the formal form of the photographs in the album (some of the photos are skewed, some of the photographs are lacking and some of them lack the frame) have been tried as freaks by art critics. This is how Robert Frank created the economic infrastructure of his work by getting a scholarship from many institutions before he began to shoot. The Americans album, which requires a very large process both temporarily and spatially. In all the states of the United States, Frank tried to explain Americanism in his photographs rather than in America. In other words, he has photographed how the United States' political, social, economic and cultural structure is represented by individuals and how it is reflected in the Americanism code. In this study, photographs selected in the American Americans album, including the American sample code, are examined. These photographs are analyzed both in terms of content and form by using semiotic analysis method. After the analysis, the structure of the building is evaluated and the meaning of the codes in the photos is examined and interpreted.
Improved tests of muon and electron flavor symmetry in muon processes
Authors: Molzon W. R.
Published: February 2020

I review the motivation for and status of searches for violation of muon and electron number conservation, concentrating on muon initiated processes. I then discuss the progress expected in the next few years, concentrating on a new experiment, E940 at BNL (the MECO experiment). It will improve the experimental sensitivity for the process μ^-Ν —> e^-N to below 10^-16 , roughly 4 orders of magnitude better than the current limit.
Perspectives of double beta and dark matter search as windows to new physics
Authors: Klapdor-Kleingrothaus H. V.
Published: February 2020

Nuclear double beta decay provides an extraordinarily broad potential to search for beyond Standard Model physics, probing already now the TeV scale, on which new physics should manifest itself. These possibilities are reviewed here. First, the results of present generation experiments are presented. The most sensitive one of them - the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment in the Gran Sasso - probes the electron mass now in the sub eV region and has reached recently a limit of ~ 0.1 eV. This limit has striking influence on presently discussed neutrino mass scenarios. Basing to a large extent on the theoretical work of the Heidelberg Double Beta Group in the last two years, results are obtained also for SUSY models (R-parity breaking, sneutrino mass), leptoquarks (leptoquark-Higgs coupling), compositeness, right-handed W boson mass, test of special relativity and equivalence principle in the neutrino sector and others. These results are comfortably competitive to corresponding results from high-energy accelerators like TEVATRON, HERA, etc. One of the enriched 7Ge detectors also yields  the most stringent limits for  cold dark matter (WIMPs) to date by using raw data. Second, future perspectives of ßß research are discussed. A new Heidelberg experimental proposal (GENIUS) will allow to increase the sensitivity for Majorana neutrino masses from the present level of at best 0.1 eV down to 0.01 or even 0.001 eV. Its physical potential would be a breakthrough into the multi-TeV range for many beyond standard models. Its sensitivity for neutrino oscillation parameters would be larger than of all present terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments and of those planned for the future. It could probe directly the large angle, and for almost degenerate neutrino mass scenarios even the small angle solution of the solar neutrino problem. It would further, already in a first step using only 100 kg of natural Ge detectors, cover almost the full MSSM parameter space for prediction of neutralinos as cold dark matter, making the experiment competitive to LHC in the search for supersymmetry. Finally GENIUS could be used as the first real time detector of solar pp neutrinos.
Radioactive contaminants binding on pillared layered clays
Authors: Karamanis D. T. , Assimakopoulos P. A. , Gangas N. H.
Published: February 2020

The selective sorption of radioactive cesium and strontium on Pillared Layered Clays was investigated. Two reference samples were initially used in experiments, both in vitro and in vivo. An improved nanocomposite-pillared clay with different organization and structural evolution of its building blocks, was constructed, characterized by several methods and employed in exchange experiments. The results derived from the improved material administration in ruminants for strontium and cesium sorption were positive and further investigation is under way.
Liouville's theorem and quantum mechanics - time quantization and reality
Authors: Syros C. , Ioannidis G. S. , Raptis G.
Published: February 2020

The chrono-topology, as introduced axiomatically in a different context, is also supported by Liouville's theorem of statistical mechanics. It is shown that, if time is quantized, the distribution function (d.f.) becomes real. An elementary solution, g, of the classical Liouville equation has been found in phase-space and time, which can be used to construct any differentiable d.f, F(g), satisfying the same Liouville equation. The conditions imposed on F(g) are reality and additivity. The reality requirement, {Im F(g)=0) quantizes: (i) F(g) and makes it time-independent, (ii). The time variable, (iii) The energy. As a verification of chronotopology, the Planck constant h has been calculated on the basis of the time quantization. The d.f. F(g) becomes, after the time quantization, a real generalized Maxwell-Boltzmann d.f, F(g) = exp[g(p, g; l1,l2,..,lN)], depending on Ν quantum numbers. These facts are significant for quantum theory, because they uncover an intrinsic relationship between Liouville's theorem and quantum mechanics.
Norovirus genogroup correlation with acute diarrhea severity in Indonesian pediatric patients aged 1-60 months: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fardah Athiyyah Alpha , Shigemura Katsumi , Kitagawa Koichi , Agustina Nazara , Darma Andy , Ranuh Reza , Raharjo Dadik , Shirakawa Toshiro , Fujisawa Masato , Marto Sudarmo Subijanto
Published: February 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between norovirus genogroup and severity of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 31 participants aged 1-60 months admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea from April 2012 to March 2013. Norovirus genogroups (GI and II) were identified from patient stool using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Severity was measured using the Ruuska and Vesikari scoring system.

Results: In total, 91 stool samples were obtained, of which 31 (19%) were norovirus positive. Norovirus GI was found in one sample with mild diarrhea. Norovirus GII was found in 30 samples (96.8%); one sample with mild diarrhea (3.3%), 20 samples with moderate diarrhea (66.7%), and nine samples with severe diarrhea (30%).

Conclusion: Norovirus GII was the most prevalent cause of acute diarrhea and 30% of the cases manifested as severe diarrhea.
Toolkit of methodological resources to conduct systematic reviews
Authors: Roqué Marta , Martínez-García Laura , Solà Ivan , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Bonfill Xavier , Zamora Javier
Published: February 2020

Background: Systematic reviews (SR) can be classified by type depending on the research question they are based on. This work identifies and describes the most relevant methodological resources to conduct high-quality reviews that answer clinical questions regarding prevalence, prognosis, diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of interventions.

Methods: Methodological resources have been identified from literature searches and consulting guidelines from institutions that develop SRs. The selected resources are organized by type of SR, and stage of development of the review (formulation of the research question, development of the protocol, literature search, risk of bias assessment, synthesis of findings, assessment of the quality of evidence, and report of SR results and conclusions).

Results: Although the different types of SRs are developed following the same steps, each SR type requires specific methods, differing in characteristics and complexity. The extent of methodological development varies by type of SR, with more solid guidelines available for diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of interventions SRs.

This methodological toolkit describes the most up-to-date risk of bias instruments: Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool and Prediction model study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) for prognostic SRs, Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies tool (QUADAS-2) for diagnostic accuracy SRs, Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB-2) and Risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions studies tool (ROBINS-I) for efficacy of interventions SRs, as well as the latest developments on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

Conclusions: This structured compilation of the best methodological resources for each type of SR may prove to be a very useful tool for those researchers that wish to develop SRs or conduct methodological research works on SRs.
The Family of the Theban Priest Nesbandebdjedet
Authors: Panov Maxim
Published: February 2020

Theban tomb no. 190 is one of the scant historical sources bearing evidence of several generations of a Theban priestly dynasty living in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. Presumably, the tomb’s owner Nesbanebdjed(et) performed his duties in the Karnak Temple of Khonsu under Nectanebo II. The present publication provides an improved copy of the hieroglyphic inscriptions in TT 190 and discusses the obvious relevance of identifying people with similar names known from the monuments as Nesbanebdjed(et)’s relatives. A list of the personal names is supplied. The statues Cairo JE 37075, JE 36579 and the stelae Budapest MBA 51.1928, Prague MN P 1636 are also discussed, but the stela from Budapest was not considered as a monument belonging to the members of the family in question.
Were These Jugs and Colanders Made of Cooking Ware Fabric Intended for Cooking? Finds from the Polish Excavations of Warsaw University at Nea Paphos
Authors: Więch Monika
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to extend the standard set of ceramic vessels used for thermal processing of food with two forms: jugs and colanders. The paper presents the functional analysis of ceramic jugs and colanders made of cooking ware found in early Roman layers of the residential quarter of ancient Nea Paphos, excavated by the Polish Archaeological Mission of Warsaw University at Kato Paphos. The examination is based on the shape of the vessels, the fabric, as well as on specific traces of use visible on the pots, such as mineral deposit on the inside or soot on the outside surface.
A Fourth Century Tomb of the Followers of Mithras from the Catacomb of SS. Peter and Marcellinus in Rome
Authors: Ingle Gabriela
Published: February 2020

Despite the popularity of the cult of Mithras in Rome in the 4th century AD, the archaeological record provides evidence for only two tombs associated with the followers of Mithras. The lack of Mithraic burials is most likely linked with the pro-Christian bias towards the funerary material found in the Roman catacombs, which had dominated the catacomb scholarship since their re-discovery in the late sixteenth century. However, following a recent development in the understanding of how the subterranean cemeteries were used in antiquity, it is possible to begin a re-evaluation of the available material. An arcosolium from the Catacomb of SS. Peter and Marcellinus decorated with two separate dining scenes may shed new light on our knowledge about Mithraic burials in Rome. In the case of this particular tomb, the evidence suggests that the owner(s) of the arcosolium were most likely pagans, possibly followers of Mithras, who migrated to Rome from north of the Alps in the early 4th century AD.
A multilayer polyurethane foam dressing for pressure ulcer prevention in older hip fracture patients: an economic evaluation
Authors: Forni Cristiana , Searle Richard
Published: February 2020

Objective:

Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (PU) have a substantial negative impact on patients and continue to impose a cost burden on hospital providers. Since the incidence of fragility fracture is growing, driven by the increase in the older population, it is expected that the overall incidence of associated complications will also increase accordingly. The aim of this economic evaluation was to determine whether the use of a multilayer, silicone-adhesive polyurethane foam dressing (ALLEVYN LIFE, Smith & Nephew, UK) alongside standard prevention (SP) for the prevention of PUs in older patients with hip fractures is a cost-effective strategy, compared with SP alone.

Method:

A decision-analytic model was constructed to determine the incremental cost and effectiveness of the foam dressing strategy from the perspectives of the Italian and US hospital systems. We also performed one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results:

The foam dressing intervention was found to be cost saving and more effective than SP in both Italy and the US. Switching to foam dressing and standard prevention would result in an expected cost saving of €733 per patient in Italy and $840 per patient in the US, reducing the per-patient cost of treating PUs by 37-69% and 36–68%, respectively. The one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the strategy remains dominant over a range of values of the input variables.

Conclusion:

The foam dressing intervention is likely to be a cost-effective strategy compared with standard prevention alone.
Providing holistic care to prevent hospital admission
Authors: Nazarko Linda , Thorne Jade
Published: February 2020

Diabetes patients are twice as likely to experience depression as the general public. Diabetes can impact on mental health and subsequently impact a practitioner’s ability to manage diabetes. This article outlines a case study of a nurse consultant and a diabetic nurse specialist. Both worked with a person who has diabetes in two different NHS Trusts who collaborated to provide care and support that is seamless at the point of delivery. Such collaboration can reduce attendance at Accident and Emergency departments and acute hospital admissions, and improves the quality of care that an individual receives.
Determination of the optical properties of cholesteatoma in the spectral range of 250 to 800 nm
Authors: Wisotzky Eric L. , Arens Philipp , Dommerich Steffen , Hilsmann Anna , Eisert Peter , Uecker Florian C.
Published: February 2020

Cholesteatoma of the ear can lead to life-threatening complications and its only treatment is surgery. The smallest remnants of cholesteatoma can lead to recurrence of this disease. Therefore, the optical properties of this tissue are of high importance to identify and remove all cholesteatoma during therapy. In this paper, we determine the absorption coefficient µ
a
and scattering coefficient µ
s
′ of cholesteatoma and bone samples in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 800 nm obtained during five surgeries. These values are determined by high precision integrating sphere measurements in combination with an optimized inverse Monte Carlo simulation (iMCS). To conserve the optical behavior of living tissues, the optical spectroscopy measurements are performed immediately after tissue removal and preparation. It is shown that in the near-UV and visible spectrum clear differences exist between cholesteatoma and bone tissue. While µ
a
is decreasing homogeneously for cholesteatoma, it retains at the high level for bone in the region of 350 nm to 580 nm. Further, the results for the cholesteatoma measurements correspond to published healthy epidermis data. These differences in the optical parameters reveal the future possibility to detect and identify, automatically or semi-automatically, cholesteatoma tissue for active treatment decisions during image-guided surgery leading to a better surgical outcome.
Dual-gate transistor amplifier in a multimode optomechanical system
Authors: Chen Yao-Tong , Du Lei , Liu Yi-Mou , Zhang Yan
Published: February 2020

We present a dual-gate optical transistor based on a multimode optomechanical system, composed of three indirectly coupled cavities and an intermediate mechanical resonator pumped by a frequency-matched field. In this system, two cavities driven on the red mechanical sidebands are regarded as input/ouput gates/poles and the third one on the blue sideband as a basic/control gate/pole, while the resonator as the other basic/control gate/pole. As a nonreciprocal scheme, the significant unidirectional amplification can be resulted by controlling the two control gates/poles. In particular, the nonreciprocal direction of the optical amplification/rectification can be controlled by adjusting the phase differences between two red-sideband driving fields (the pumping and probe fields). Meanwhile, the narrow window that can be analyzed by the effective mechanical damping rate, arises from the extra blue-sideband cavity. Moreover, the tunable slow/fast light effect can be observed, i.e, the group velocity of the unidirectional transmission can be controlled, and thus the switching scheme of slow/fast light effect can also utilized to realize both slow and fast lights through opposite propagation directions, respectively. Such an amplification transistor scheme of controllable amplitude, direction and velocity may imply exciting opportunities for potential applications in photon networks and quantum information processing.
Investigation of speckle suppression beyond human eye sensitivity by using a passive multimode fiber and a multimode fiber bundle
Authors: Lapchuk Anatoly , Le Zichun , Guo Yanyu , Dai Yanxin , Liu Zongshen , Xu Qiyong , Lu Zhiyi , Kryuchyn Andriy , Gorbov Ivan
Published: February 2020

A method of speckle suppression without any active device is expected for pico-projectors. The effectiveness of the passive method of speckle reduction using a single multimode fiber and a multimode fiber bundle was actually measured and theoretically analyzed. The dependences of the speckle contrast and speckle suppression coefficient on the parameters of multimode fiber and projection systems were investigated. Our results shown that the efficiency of speckle suppression was limited because only the radial direction of the objective lens aperture was used. An improvement using both of the radial and azimuthal directions of the objective lens aperture is required.
Ultrafast-laser-ablation-assisted spatially selective attachment of fluorescent sensors onto optical fibers
Authors: Kamaljith Vikram , Tanner Michael G. , Wood Harry A. C. , Harrington Kerrianne , Choudhury Debaditya , Bradley Mark , Thomson Robert R.
Published: February 2020

A robust method to selectively attach specific fluorophores onto the individual cores of a multicore fiber is reported in this Letter. The method is based on the use of ultrafast laser pulses to nanostructure the facet of the fiber core, followed by amine functionalization and sensor conjugation. This surface-machining protocol not only enables precise spatial selectivity, but it also facilitates high deposition densities of the sensor moieties. As a proof of concept, the successful deposition of three different fluorophores onto selected cores of a multicore fiber is demonstrated. The protocol was developed to include attachment of a fluorescence-based pH sensor using the ratiometric carboxynapthofluorescein.
Optically computed optical coherence tomography for volumetric imaging
Authors: Wang Yahui , Kang Qi , Zhang Yuanwei , Liu Xuan
Published: February 2020

We describe an innovative optically computed optical coherence tomography (OC-OCT) technology. The OC-OCT system performs depth resolved imaging by computing the Fourier transform of the interferometric spectra optically. The OC-OCT system modulates the interferometric spectra with Fourier basis function projected to a spatial light modulator and detects the modulated signal without spectral discrimination. The novel, to the best of our knowledge, optical computation strategy enables volumetric OCT imaging without performing mechanical scanning and without the need for Fourier transform in a computer.
Endoscopic pyrometric temperature sensor
Authors: Vilches Sergio , Ataman Çağlar , Zappe Hans
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate a pyrometric contact-less temperature sensor using a flexible fused silica fiber of 360 µm diameter able to measure down to 30°C with a precision better than 1°C at 10 Hz. Silica fibers, as opposed to dedicated mid-IR fibers, are non-degrading, low-cost, and bio-compatible. The large bandwidth (up to several kilohertz) and the broad temperature range (up to 235°C) of the sensor can be instrumental for time-resolved analysis and control of laser ablation and electrothermal surgery procedures.
Chip-scale blue light phased array
Authors: Chul Shin Min , Mohanty Aseema , Watson Kyle , Bhatt Gaurang R. , Phare Christopher T. , Miller Steven A. , Zadka Moshe , Lee Brian S. , Ji Xingchen , Datta Ipshita , Lipson Michal
Published: February 2020

Compact beam steering in the visible spectral range is required for a wide range of emerging applications, such as augmented and virtual reality displays, optical traps for quantum information processing, biological sensing, and stimulation. Optical phased arrays (OPAs) can shape and steer light to enable these applications with no moving parts on a compact chip. However, OPA demonstrations have been mainly limited to the near-infrared spectral range due to the fabrication and material challenges imposed by the shorter wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate the first chip-scale phased array operating at blue wavelengths (488 nm) using a high-confinement silicon nitride platform. We use a sparse aperiodic emitter layout to mitigate fabrication constraints at this short wavelength and achieve wide-angle beam steering over a 50° field of view with a full width at half-maximum beam size of 0.17°. Large-scale integration of this platform paves the way for fully reconfigurable chip-scale three-dimensional volumetric light projection across the entire visible range.
Laser-micromachined zebra-patterned graphene as a mode locker with adjustable loss
Authors: Morova Yagiz , Eun Bae Ji , Rotermund Fabian , Sennaroglu Alphan
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we describe a novel, to the best of our knowledge, device based on micro-structured graphene, referred to as zebra-patterned graphene saturable absorber (ZeGSA), which can be used as a saturable absorber with adjustable loss to initiate femtosecond pulse generation. Femtosecond laser micro-machining was employed to ablate monolayer graphene on an infrasil substrate in the form of stripes with a different duty cycle, resulting in the formation of regions with variable insertion loss in the 0.21%–3.12% range. The mode-locking performance of the device was successfully tested using a

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:

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r
s
t
e
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laser, operating near 1250 nm. In comparison with mode locking using non-ablated graphene, the ZeGSA device with regions of decreasing graphene, enabled improved power performance where the mode-locked output power increased from 68 mW to 114 mW, and the corresponding pulse duration decreased from 62 to 48 fs at the same incident pump power of 6.3 W. These experiments indicate that ZeGSA shows great potential as a laser mode locker with adjustable loss and that it should find applications in the development of femtosecond lasers over a broad spectral range.
All-fiber Mamyshev oscillator with high average power and harmonic mode-locking
Authors: Poeydebat Etienne , Scol Florent , Vanvincq Olivier , Bouwmans Geraud , Hugonnot Emmanuel
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental demonstration of high-order harmonic mode-locking of an all-fiber Mamyshev oscillator. The laser is entirely realized using standard step-index fiber. It delivers time-stable pulse trains with average powers reaching more than 100 mW at the fundamental mode-locked repetition rate (7.7 MHz) and 1.3 W at the 14th harmonic (107.8 MHz).
Spectroscopy and high-power laser operation of a monoclinic Yb3+:MgWO4 crystal
Authors: Loiko Pavel , Chen Mengting , Serres Josep Maria , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Lin Haifeng , Zhang Ge , Zhang Lizhen , Lin Zhoubin , Camy Patrice , Dai Shi-Bo , Chen Zhenqiang , Zhao Yongguang , Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin , Mateos Xavier
Published: February 2020

Monoclinic (wolframite-type) monotungstate crystals are promising for rare-earth doping. We report polarized room- and low-temperature spectroscopy and efficient high-power laser operation of such a

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+

:

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4

crystal featuring high stimulated emission cross section (

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=

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.

2

×

10

−
20

c
m

2

at 1056.7 nm for light polarization

E

|

|

N
m

), large Stark splitting of the ground state (

765

c
m

−
1

), large gain bandwidth (26.1 nm for

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|

|

N
g

), and strong Raman response (most intense mode at

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c
m

−
1

). A diode-pumped

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b

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+

:

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g
W
O

4

laser generated 18.2 W at

∼

1056

n
m

with a slope efficiency of

∼

89

%

and a linearly polarized laser output.
Az Iskola a határon történetszemlélete
Authors: Szávai János
Published: February 2020

Az Iskola a határon többféle értelmezési lehetőséget nyit meg olvasója előtt. A regény történelemszemléletét a kimondottak és az elhallgatottak együtt alakítják. Kőszeg ostroma és Bébének a Mohács felé közeledő hajón kifejtett gondolatmenete az ellenálló, a kitartó, a túlélő mintául állítása. Ezt a felfogást erősíti a két legfontosabb elhallgatás is: sem 1956, sem Trianon nem jelenik meg a szövegben, de a kortárs olvasó nem vonatkoztathat el ettől a két katasztrófától.De a túlélés nem lehet minta. A vereség, mint ahogy a három főszereplő sorsa is jelzi, morális katasztrófához vezet. A fiúk egyik fő olvasmánya Pascal Gondolatai, Medvét sorozatosan janzenistának csúfolják. Márpedig Pascal világa: az ember nyomorúsága Isten nélkül.
Using creativity, co-production and the common third in a communication skills module to identify and mend gaps between the stakeholders of social work education
Authors: Reith-Hall Emma
Published: February 2020

The involvement of stakeholders – academics, service users and carers, students and practitioners – is thought to improve the quality of social work education, although few approaches and strategies for achieving this have been articulated. Even service-user and carer involvement, which is firmly embedded within social work courses in the UK, would benefit from being better theorised and researched. This paper considers how creativity, co-production and the common third helped social work academics from an English university and service users and carers from a local user-led organisation to design, deliver and evaluate a communication skills module for social work students. In spite of some challenges, effective and supportive relationships have developed, with a range of benefits becoming increasingly apparent. However, the strengths of this partnership highlighted gaps in the relationships with other stakeholders. In a conscious effort to overcome paternalistic traditions of transmission-oriented teaching, some gap-mending strategies were developed to involve students in the module’s design, delivery and evaluation. It is proposed that social pedagogy, with its focus on social inclusion and social justice, might help fulfil a current aim of British higher education, to work with students as partners and increase meaningful involvement and collaboration.
TRANSIÇÃO MIGRATÓRIA E URBANA NO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO - 1950 a 2010
Authors: Castiglioni Aurelia Hermínia
Published: February 2020

Os efeitos das transformações socioeconômicas e dos percursos dos processos de transição ocorridos no Espírito Santo, a partir da metade do século XX, resultaram em novos modelos migratórios e de urbanização. Este estudo se propõe a analisar a progressão e as modificações nos modelos de migração e de urbanização no Espírito Santo, em particular na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória - RMGV, decorrentes da evolução conjunta do processo de desenvolvimento e das transições demográfica, migratória, urbana e econômica, na segunda metade do século XX e início do século atual. A análise dos níveis, da evolução dos processos focalizados e de suas inter-relações é feita a partir de indicadores demográficos construídos com dados censitários produzidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. Os resultados mostram que a dinâmica demográfica do Espírito Santo evoluiu da fase caracterizada por crescimento elevado da população e acentuada migração rural-urbana a uma nova etapa, de redução conjunta do crescimento natural ou vegetativo, dos movimentos rural-urbanos e do crescimento da população da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória, atualmente cenário de forte migração intra e interurbana e de deslocamentos para trabalho e estudo, que ocorrem principalmente entre os municípios que a formam.
O SISTEMA DE CAPACIDADE DE USO DA TERRA COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA ANÁLISE DE AREA RURAL DEGRADADA
Authors: Scudeller Zanatta Felipe Augusto , Lupinacci Cenira Maria , Boin Marcos Norberto
Published: February 2020

Neste trabalho avalia-se o sistema de capacidade de uso da terra como instrumento para análise de área rural degradada no Oeste Paulista. Para tanto, como objeto de estudo selecionou-se um conjunto de subbacias do ribeirão Areia Dourada, localizadas no Município de Marabá Paulista (SP), as quais se encontram totalmente antropizadas para uso agrícola, restando da mata nativa origináriaem menos de 1% de toda área. Nessas subbacias, seguindo os procedimentos apresentados por Lepsch et al. (1983), foram mapeadas os declives, as características pedológicas (profundidade, textura e permeabilidade), as formas erosivas lineares (sulco, ravina e voçoroca), e a partir desses mapeamentos elaborou-se a carta de capacidade de uso das terras. Avaliou-se esse zoneamentoda capacidade de uso a partir da dinâmica erosiva e do uso e cobertura superficial da terra, de maneira a identificar suas limitações e potencialidades. Como resultado, constatou-se que apenas no limite de cada propriedade privada não se faz possível o entendimento sistêmico da problemática erosiva, limitando o zoneamento à localização das formas, quando se faz necessário considerar a conectividade entre os processosnos distintos níveis topográficos, bem como a necessidade de avaliar outros elementos, como geologia e formas de relevo, para melhor adequação do zoneamentoàs características e problemática do estudo.
GEODIVERSIDADE E ANTROPOGEOMORFOLOGIA: POSSIBILIDADES PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO DO GEOPATRIMÔNIO EM ÁREAS DE MINERAÇÃO
Authors: Von Ahn Mauricio Mendes , Simon Adriano Luís Heck
Published: February 2020

Este artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar as possibilidades de inserção da abordagem antropogeomorfológica no estudo das formas do relevo associadas aos geossítios em áreas de mineração a céu aberto, a fim de subsidiar ações de geoconservação e promoção desse geopatrimônio. Foram analisados conceitos que colaboraram com as discussões sobre a conservação da natureza abiótica, seja ela natural ou antropogênica, bem como os reflexos imediatos sobre a biodiversidade. Ponderações sobre a possível relação da abordagem antropogeomorfológica com os princípios da geoconservação foram realizadas, considerando as áreas sob forte intervenção antropogênica, vinculadas às atividades de mineração a céu aberto. Conclui-se que é extremamente importante compreender a ação humana e a escala temporal de organização espacial das formas do relevo em geossítios situados em áreas de mineração a céu aberto. A herança deste processo de intervenção pode ser caracterizada a partir da análise antropogeomorfológica pautada na cartografia geomorfológica, que remete a todo um processo histórico de uso e ocupação pelas atividades de mineração e que podem ser interpretados cientificamente, pedagogicamente, culturalmente e economicamente por ações de geoturismo.
O COMÉRCIO DE TERRAS E A EXTRAÇÃO DA RENDA FUNDIÁRIA URBANA EM CIDADES DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DAS CIDADES DE BOA SAÚDE, LAGOA SALGADA E SERRA CAIADA-RN
Authors: De Moura Francisco Aracildo , Da Costa Ademir Araújo , Dos Santos José Erimar
Published: February 2020

Esta pesquisa discute o parcelamento de terras a partir dos loteamentos existentes nas cidades de Boa Saúde, Lagoa Salgada e Serra Caiada no Rio Grande do Norte, onde o comércio de terras vem ocorrendo intensamente. Assim, buscamos compreender as motivações para que a terra venha sendo posta a venda por meio de lotes, o que tem impulsionado, principalmente, a extração da renda fundiária urbana nas cidades em tela. Nesse contexto, analisamos a terra enquanto provedora e sua função social para o povo até a aprovação da Lei de Terras aqui no Brasil, a qual reconfigura o modo de acesso à terra, colocando-a como produto. A terra, transformada em produto passível de uso e de troca, a posse desse bem, possibilita que o seu proprietário faça a extração das diferentes rendas: de monopólio, diferencial e absoluta, a depender das características existentes na terra posta no mercado. Observando as características dos loteamentos analisados em cada cidade, nos conduziu a compreensão de como vem se dando o processo de parcelamento e loteamento de terras em cidades potiguares.
DA FRAGMENTAÇÃO À DESINTEGRAÇÃO DA GESTÃO TERRITORIAL: PERSPECTIVAS A PARTIR DAS ÁGUAS NA BACIA DO ALTO RIO DAS VELHAS – MG
Authors: Lemos Rodrigo Silva , Magalhães Junior Antônio Pereira
Published: February 2020

O artigo discute como diferentes instâncias e instrumentos de planejamento e de gestão territorial possuem interdependências e interfaces que muitas vezes não são plenamente entendidas em suas inter-relações, consolidando um modelo de segregação da gestão que pode gerar fragmentação ou desintegração das diferentes políticas territoriais. A dinâmica das águas e das bacias hidrográficas podem demonstrar esses afastamentos e suas consequências, possibilitando o encontro e o diálogo entre as diferentes políticas, ao construir uma possível política das águas. A partir de entrevistas e da realização de grupo focal com gestores territoriais, o artigo ressalta que é fundamental retomar a compreensão das pessoas gestoras e das instâncias em uma dimensão de autonomia técnica e institucional para a construção e valorização de perspectivas de Estado que reconheçam as necessidades de compreensão dos diferentes territórios de planejamento e de gestão.
FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF SQUARE CFT BEAMCOLUMNS WHEN DAMAGED WITH CONCRETE CRACKS
Authors: Fujioka Daijiro , Kido Masae , Liu Mao , Ikeda Hiroki
Published: February 2020

The lateral stiffness of CFT beam-columns is considered to decrease because of the damage by the concrete crack or yielding of the materials however the relationship between two phenomena is not clear. It is necessary to clarify the strength when the CFT columns damaged by the concrete crack for evaluating the lateral stiffness of CFT beam-columns properly. The purposes of this study are to calculate the flexural crack strength of a square CFT section and to compare them with the yield strength. The analysis is carried out as follows; 1) assuming the stress-strain relationships of materials and the strain and stress distribution of the cross-section, 2) setting the limit of the tensile strain of concrete and 3) calculating the relation between the axial force and the bending moment when the strain of concrete reaches the limit tensile strain. Parameters are width-thickness ratio, the yield strength of a steel tube and compressive strength of concrete. As a result of the analysis, we showed that the axial force ratio is 0.2 ~0.3 when the flexural crack strength and the yield strength are the same. It is concluded that the lateral stiffness decreases because of the crack of concrete-and not from the yielding of materials--when the axial force ratio is smaller than 0.2~0.3.
REMAINING STRENGTH EVALUATION OF FERRY BRIDGE CORRODED LOCALLY
Authors: Takami Fumiya , Fujii Katashi
Published: February 2020

This paper presents the results of a nonlinear finite element analysis to determine the remaining ultimate strength of a ferry bridge with local corrosion at the girder flange. The ultimate strength decreases with the corrosion thinning of the flange, when the corrosion damage locates at the center of the span. On the other hand, when the corrosion damage exists near the support, the ultimate strength did not decrease, which shows the repair of the flange thinning near the support is not so effective in strength rehabilitation of the bridge. The reason of these facts is; the collapse of the bridge is due to bending moment in the former case, but in the latter, it is due to not bending moment but shear force, therefore, flange thinning does not concern with the shear strength. Thus, rational maintenance will be possible after clarifying the collapse mode and the remaining strength of the bridge.