bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Aspects of an old Disease. Plan, Endemic Syphilis and Pinta: the endemic Treponematoses.
Authors: De Schryver Antoon , Meheus André
Published: February 2018

Yaws and the other endemic treponematoses (bejel or endemic syphilis, pinta) are resurging in many countries of Africa. Today there are more than 2.5 million cases of these diseases, 75% of them in children. More than 100 million additional children are at risk to these disabling and disfiguring infec- tions which destroy tissue and bone. In the 1950's and 1960's, through concerted efforts and leadership of UNICEF and WHO, more than 50 million individuals in 46 countries were cured and the diseases were brought under control or even eliminated from large parts of the world. Despite this success, endemic foci remained and in the last ten years there has been an alarming resurgence of the endemic treponematoses, in particular in parts of West and Central Africa.Endemic treponematoses control is based on treatment with single-dose penicillin of the entire treponemal reservoir, and of all clinical cases and their contacts presumed to be incubating the disease. No instances of penicillin-resistance have been documented to date and these infections should be eliminated while the organisms still remain sensitive to penicillin. An endemic treponematoses control programme must be fully integrated into the primary health care system. The persistence of endemic treponematoses in an area is an indicator of failing effectiveness of primary health care. From recent consultations with Member States, WHO Collaborating Centres and expert groups, a consensus regarding the fundamental components of endemic treponematoses control has emerged. Effective disease control requires coordinated and complementary activities by WHO and Member States. The interruption of disease transmission is a feasible and realistic objective for renewed control programmes. KEYWORDS: bejel, control programmes, pinta, primary health, yaws
The Industrialisation of Zimbabwe - Past, Present and Future
Authors: Stoneman Colin
Published: February 2018

In this paper I look at Zimbabwe's moderately successful industrialisation experienHce, past, present and future. The lessons that can be drawn from this experience in comparison with what has happened in other countries, both more and less succesful, are: that there is a need for an intelligent state role; that both import substitution and export substitution are necessary; that emphasis on industry need not and must not be mean neglect of agriculture; and that the key problem is how to avoid enclave industrialisation which services urban elites but neglects the rest of the country and the region.
Cooperation with Zimbabwe
Authors: Walraet Anne
Published: February 2018

Following last year's decision by the Belgian Ministry of Development Cooperation to streamline all bilateral aid programmes to the countries of Southern Africa in order to take account of the new regional emphasis, it makes sense now to reflect on cooperation with Zimbabwe in the context of cooperation with the SADCC. The above decision was preceeded by the allocation of a regional budget of BEF 600 million for SADCC projects and is accompanied by the setting up in Harare of a field office serving as headquarters for the whole region (except Tanzania). All these innovations must be welcomed; they imply the recognition of the SADCC and are congruent with the recommendations of a joint study by the SADCC and the OECD Development Centre, dating back to 1987.
The Quaternary Stratigraphy of a Section of the Sibowe River, South-West Swaziland
Authors: Ampe Carole , Van Regenmortel Gunter
Published: February 2018

In south-west Swaziland a river terrace along the Sibowe river is formed by active river incision. A complex profile along this terrace showing alluvial and colluvial deposits reflecting changes in environmental conditions since at least the last 30 000 years is exposed. Examination of soil characteristics, relative position of the composite strata as well as river dynamics leads to a stratigraphie interpretation which has been fitted into a time frame. The basal gravel, alluvial in nature, dates from before the deposition of the Mphunga colluvium which has been deposited between 30 300 and 8490 before present. On the colluvium occurs an alluvium most probably deposited during the Early Holocene. The incision of the terrace to its present level has occurred during the Late Holocene.KEY WORDS: buried soil, colluvium, degradation, gravel deposits, lateral erosion, Swaziland
The Legacy of Mobutu
Authors: Vergaerde Geert
Published: February 2018

This article intends to give an explanation of the possible consequences for Zaire of 25 years of Mobutist regime. This is important, because during the second republic there was a constant growth of a regime sui generis with fundamental characteristics that, in the near future, will have an important influence on thepolitical, social and economic events.- The division of the enormous amount of power could result in heavy quarrels. - For years, there has not been an independent political elite, so that the formation of such an elite in a short period of time will be very difficult. - The patrimonialistic style of government has resulted in a political environment that is composed of informal networks and "dependent relations, with in the centre Mobutu. - The continuing cycle of opposition and collaboration has brought severe damage to the image and credibility of the opposition. Besides, there is a big gap between the political elite and the population. - The policy of ethnic mobilisation has increased the ethnic consciousness. - Patrimonialism and parasitism have generated a pandemic corruption in all layers of the population. - The policy of borrowing money has led to gigantic debts and the loans have not led to any development of the economic capacity. - The insecure position of the political and economic executives has created a spiral of insecurity and corruption, which, on its turn, has created an dialectic of repression. KEY WORDS: Mobutu, Political reforms, Zaire
Evaluating the Impact of a Web-Based Risk Assessment System (CareSage) and Tailored Interventions on Health Care Utilization: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Palacholla Ramya Sita , Fischer Nils C , Agboola Stephen , Nikolova-Simons Mariana , Odametey Sharon , Golas Sara Bersche , op den Buijs Jorn , Schertzer Linda , Kvedar Joseph , Jethwani Kamal
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Soaring health care costs and a rapidly aging population, with multiple comorbidities, necessitates the development of innovative strategies to deliver high-quality, value-based care.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of a risk assessment system (CareSage) and targeted interventions on health care utilization.

METHODS

This is a two-arm randomized controlled trial recruiting 370 participants from a pool of high-risk patients receiving care at a home health agency. CareSage is a risk assessment system that utilizes both real-time data collected via a Personal Emergency Response Service and historical patient data collected from the electronic medical records. All patients will first be observed for 3 months (observation period) to allow the CareSage algorithm to calibrate based on patient data. During the next 6 months (intervention period), CareSage will use a predictive algorithm to classify patients in the intervention group as “high” or “low” risk for emergency transport every 30 days. All patients flagged as “high risk” by CareSage will receive nurse triage calls to assess their needs and personalized interventions including patient education, home visits, and tele-monitoring. The primary outcome is the number of 180-day emergency department visits. Secondary outcomes include the number of 90-day emergency department visits, total medical expenses, 180-day mortality rates, time to first readmission, total number of readmissions and avoidable readmissions, 30-, 90-, and 180-day readmission rates, as well as cost of intervention per patient. The two study groups will be compared using the Student t test (two-tailed) for normally distributed and Mann Whitney U test for skewed continuous variables, respectively. The chi-square test will be used for categorical variables. Time to event (readmission) and 180-day mortality between the two study groups will be compared by using the Kaplan-Meier survival plots and the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression will be used to compute hazard ratio and compare outcomes between the two groups.

RESULTS

We are actively enrolling participants and the study is expected to be completed by end of 2018; results are expected to be published in early 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Innovative solutions for identifying high-risk patients and personalizing interventions based on individual risk and needs may help facilitate the delivery of value-based care, improve long-term patient health outcomes and decrease health care costs.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03126565; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03126565 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6ymDuAwQA).
Game Addiction Scale Assessment Through a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adult Men: Item Response Theory Graded�Response Modeling (Preprint)
Authors: Khazaal Yasser , Breivik Kyrre , Billieux Joel , Zullino Daniele , Thorens Gabriel , Achab Sophia , Gmel Gerhard , Chatton Anne
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

The 7-item Game Addiction Scale (GAS) has been validated under standard confirmatory factor analysis and exhibits good psychometric properties. Whether this scale satisfies the necessary conditions for consideration by item response theory (IRT) modeling remains unknown. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) recently proposed criteria, in its section 3, to define internet gaming disorder (IGD) to promote research on this possible condition.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to (1) analyze GAS in the context of IRT (graded-response) modeling; (2) investigate differential item functioning (DIF), a feature of IRT modeling, in 2 subsamples; and (3) contribute to the ongoing (IGD) debate related to the validity of the DSM-5 criteria using GAS items as a proxy.

METHODS

We assessed 2 large representative samples of Swiss men (3320 French-speaking and 2670 German-speaking) with GAS.

RESULTS

All items comprised high discrimination parameters. GAS items such as relapse, conflict, withdrawal, and problems (loss of interests) were endorsed more frequently in more severe IGD stages, whereas items related to tolerance, salience (preoccupation), and mood modification (escape) were endorsed more widely among participants (including in less severe IGD stages). Several DIF effects were found but were classified as negligible.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the analyses partly support the relevance of using IRT to further establish the psychometric properties of the GAS items. This study contributes to testing the validity of the IGD criteria, although cautious generalization of our findings is required with GAS being only a proxy of the IGD criteria.
The Analysis on Sino-Us Development under Trump Administration
Authors: Feng Tianrun
Published: February 2018

The Sino-US relationship was normalized in 1979, and 1st January 2017 marks the 38th anniversary of formal diplomatic relations. Since the US-China diplomatic relationship established, they have been on through zigzags. Two governments seek cooperation in various areas, enhancing close relationships and maintaining a smooth and positive momentum of development, and have achieved a historic progress. With China’s peaceful rise and the US’s eastward shift, the relations are in face of dramatic structural contradictions and the dander of “Thucydides Trap”. Meanwhile, as the core national interests conflict intensified, a new round of strategic suspicion has been stimulated. The “Trump Administration” gives new challenges and opportunities to both countries in economy and security areas, and both government are in face of the co-exist situation of “certainty” and “uncertainty”. In the short term, two governments share both conflicts and cooperation, and in the long term, relations are forging ahead in the difficulties.
A Study on the Level of Acceptance towards the Islamic Home Financing: Empirical Study in Malaysia
Authors: Khong Yeen Lai, , Tai Lit Cheng, , Tan Kok Eng,
Published: February 2018

This paper offers a conceptual understanding of the Islamic housing loan (BaiBithaman Ajil) with a special focus on the operational matters and the factors that affect the acceptance of Bai-Bithaman Ajil. Approach: This paper incorporates relevant findings and issues surrounding the acceptance and implementation of the Islamic housing loan Findings: This paper offer more insights on the challenges faced by Islamic banking institutions to deal with both muslim and non-muslim markets in terms of the marketability of the product especially multi-racial society.
Swedish Preschool Teachers Perspectives on Multilingual Children’s Emergent Literacy Development
Authors: Norling Martina , Sandberg Gunilla
Published: February 2018

This study is a part of a small research project designed as action research project. The aim of this study in which six preschool teachers participated in focus group interviews, is to increase understanding about preschool teachers’ didactic work to create conditions for multilingual children’s emergent literacy development in preschool. The preschool teachers’ descriptions show that multilingualism is seen as part of everyday life and not for specific occasions. In the analysis of the preschool teachers’ statements, four important conditions for literacy development emerge; learning environment, language practices, text practices and play activities. In terms of support for multilingual children, preschool teachers say that cooperation with parents has a significant role for children’s emergent literacy development.
This study highlights the importance of paying attention to multilingual children’s emergent literacy processes already in preschool.
Foundations to Algebraic Mastery
Authors: Holmes Vicki-Lynn , Spence Karla , Finn Jane , Ingram Shelia McGee , Horton Libbey
Published: February 2018

Realizing that Algebra 1 is a gatekeeper to not only higher mathematics, but STEM careers in general (Blanchard & Muller, 2015; Stoelinga & Lynn, 2013), it is imperative that our students master the content matter. To this end, four essential components to ensuring success for Algebra 1 students have been identified: (a) basic skill development, (b) computational ease, (c) step-by-step scaffolding, and (d) the extensive use of the Explain-Practice-Assess (EPA) Strategy (Holmes, Spence, Finn, & Ingram, 2017). In this article, each of these four components is described in detail with accompanying examples. These examples model evidenced-based practices and provide a very useful guide for algebra teachers in their own classrooms.
Canadians’ Family Meal Status: A Comparison between Anglophones and Francophones
Authors: Ahmadi Davod
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we studied Anglophones and Francophones’ family meal such as, frequency of family meals, shopping for groceries, selecting foods based on nutrition labels, personal cooking abilities, and types of foods used when preparing meals. We also investigated the association between the amounts of minutes eating meals at home and some socio-demographic characteristics. Data from Canadian Community Health Survey: Food Skill 1 on 2012 and General Social Survey: Time Use was analyzed. A decreasing trend was found for the more amount of time spent on meals at home for Anglophones and Francophones in the last two decades. However, Francophones still spent more amounts of time on meals at home compared to their Anglophone counterparts.
SAXAGLIPTIN LEVELS AND ITS PHARMACOKINETIC APPLICATION IN PRESENCE OF SUCRALOSE IN ANIMALS SERUM BY HPLC METHOD: A RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors: Dayyih Wael Abu , Tamimi Lina , Mallah Eyad , Mansour Kenza , Arafat Tawfiq , Bustami Mona
Published: February 2018

Objective: It is to develop a simple, valid and rapid chromatographic method for quantification of saxagliptin in rats serum in order to study saxagliptin pharmacokinetic parameters in sucralose fed rats simultaneously to detect any interaction possibility between saxagliptin and sucralose in rats. Methods: In our developed method of analysis, mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer (pH =4) and methanol (70:30) v/v at flow rate of 1 ml/min with UV detection at 230 nm., C8 column of separation was used with temperature of 40 C ° using injection volume of 50 µl, samples run time was 10 min, and sildenafil citrate was used as internal standard. saxagliptin was given to rats orally of (2g/kg) dose while sucralose was given with (11 mg/kg/day) dose.Results: A successful HPLC method was validated and developed to determine saxagliptin in rats serum, overall intra-day precision and accuracy were reasonable with coefficient of variation percentage CV % values range (o.14-4.03) and accuracy % range (99.5-104), while inter-day precision and accuracy showed accepted precision with CV% range (0.15-2.81) and accuracy % range (99.9-116). The coefficient of correlation was 0.99949 with reasonable sensitivity and selectivity. Combination effect of saxagliptin with sucralose on saxagliptin serum profile was demonstrated as strong statistical effect according to Cohen’s d and significant P values too.Conclusion: A successful HPLC method was validated and developed to quantify saxagliptin in rats serum, combination effect of saxagliptin with sucralose over all time intervals of saxagliptin serum profile was demonstrated as strong statistical effect.
IMPACT OF METFORMIN AND SERRATIOPEPTIDASE IN OBESE PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Ateia Yasir Abbas , Al-edanni Mohammed Sh. , Al-qurtas Mohammed Ismail
Published: February 2018

Objective: Knee osteoarthritis is a common disabling chronic disease globally. Many pharmacological agents have been used efficiently in treatment of knee osteoarthritis. This study aims to evaluate metformin and serratiopeptidase together in treatment and stop of osteoarthritis progression by different mechanisms. Methods: Present study was a randomized clinical trial study conducted in Al-Kindi teaching hospital through the period from 1st January to 30th of May, 2017 on two groups of 80 osteoarthritis patients (group I; treated with metformin 850 mg oral tablets) and (group II; treated with metformin 850 mg oral tablets and serratiopeptidase 20 mg oral tablets). Parameters of two groups were compared with those of 40 normal healthy controls. Results: Patients in group II showed a highly significant reduction in pain scores post-treatment (p<0.001). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels were significantly lowered among patients in group II treatment (p<0.001). Lower inflammatory parameters levels were observed among healthy controls and the parameters levels of group II patients were lower than those of group I patients. Conclusion: Metformin and serratiopeptidase regimen was efficient and safe in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
ASSESSING THE THERAPEUTIC ROLE OF JOSHANDA: PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Shamsi Tooba Naz , Parveen Romana , Sajida Archoo , Ahmad Afaque , Fatima Sadaf
Published: February 2018

Objective: Joshanda, a polyherbal Unani formulation is extensively used as a common home remedy for the treatment of a cough and cold accompanied by pharyngeal inflammation and fever. This study aimed to analyze phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity.Methods: The study investigated the presence of phyto-compounds in joshanda and antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory activities by various in vitro standard methods using ascorbic acid, ampicillin, and aspirin respectively as standard drugs.Results: Joshanda aqueous extract revealed the presence of tannins, phenols, flavonoids glycosides, terpenoids, and alkaloids and absence of sterols, saponins, xanthoprotiens, and carboxylic acid. Joshanda showed the highest inhibition against B. subtilis (% MGI 99.000±0.577) and least inhibition against P. aeruginosa (%MGI of 84.102±0.491). Joshanda extract, ascorbic acid demonstrated highest % DPPH radical scavenging of 98.379±0.313%, 98.843±0.443% and a minimum of 36.210±1.174%, 83.192±0.422%. Results showed H2O2 scavenging activity of 0.047±0.001 μg/ml per minute degradation of H2O2. FRAP value was observed in joshanda and ascorbic acid with a maximum of 0.945±0.024, 0.687±0.047 mmol and minimum of 0.171±0.036, 0.059±0.005 mmol respectively. Joshanda extract showed the highest albumin denaturation inhibition of 14.069±0.350% and the lowest of 1.880±0.194% at extract volume of 1000 µl and 100 µl respectively. The extract demonstrated the highest proteinase inhibition of 24.003±0.291 % and the lowest of 4.959±0.254% comparable to aspirin. Joshanda had no potent anticandidal activity up to 1 mg/ml.Conclusion: Results clearly suggested that joshanda is a potent phytodrug and can also be used as a strong reactive oxygen species scavenger, might be used as anti-arthritic and strong natural antibiotic agent for effective treatment of various oxidative stressed disorders.
MESUAFERRIN A-BIOACTIVE FLAVONOID ISOLATED FROM THE BARK OF MESUA FERREA L. AGAINST PHOSPHOLIPASE A2, CYCLOOXYGENASE AND LIPOXYGENASE: AN IN VITRO, IN VIVO AND IN SILICO APPROACH
Authors: K. Krishna Chaithanya , K. Gopalakrishnan V. , Hagos Zenebe , D. Govinda Rao
Published: February 2018

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of isolated bioactive flavonoid Mesuaferrin-A from the bark of Mesuaferrea L. by in vitro, in vivo and in silico approach.Methods: To evaluate the effect of isolated bioactive flavonoid Mesuaferrin-A on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes (PLA2, COX-2 and 5-LOX) using in vitro methods, followed by carrageenan-induced paw edema model by in vivo and to determine the binding orientation and interactions of Mesuaferrin-A onarachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes (PLA2, COX-2 and 5-LOX) crystal proteins using molecular docking (in silico) studies.Results: Mesuaferrin-A exhibited a dose-dependent significant 5-LOX inhibitory and considerable COX-2 inhibitory activity by in vitro, The inhibitory activities of 5-LOX and COX-2 at 100µg/ml were found to be 78.67%, 81.03% with IC50 values of 45.22µg/ml and 35.74µg/ml respectively. Whereas Mesuaferrin-A showed less PLA2 inhibitory activity. Mesuaferrin-A showed 68.34% inhibitory activity at 400 mg/kg body weight at the late phase of carrageenan-induced paw edema, and In silico studies demonstrated that Mesuaferrin-A strongly binds with 5-LOX and COX-2, these strong binding affinity of Mesuaferrin-A on active site amino acids of 5-LOX and COX-2 may be responsible for inhibition of enzyme activity. Mesuaferrin-A showeda comparable 5-LOX and COX-2 inhibition activity with (positive control).Conclusion: It was concluded that Mesuaferrin-A act as 5-LOX and COX dual inhibitor, from the results it was suggests that Mesuaferrin-A, may be an effective preventive and therapeutic approach for patients with inflammatory-related diseases.
Indonesian EFL Teachers' Conceptions of Critical Thinking
Authors: Ilyas Hamzah Puadi
Published: February 2018

This study aims to investigate the Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers’ conceptions of critical thinking. 59 teachers coming from three different provinces (Jakarta, Banten, West Java) in Indonesia participated in this study by answering open-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire asked two questions. The first question asked whether the participant recognised the term ‘critical thinking.’ The second question asked how the participant conceptualised critical thinking. The study found that only one teacher who never heard the term critical thinking. With regard to the conceptions of critical, there were some emerging themes such as analysis, evaluation, criticism, creativity, problem solving, reflection, curiosity, and even Bloom’s taxonomy. Findings of this study are similar to the critical thinking conceptions proposed by Western academics.
Class teachers’ experiences in implementing innovative teaching methods within the in-service training programmes
Authors: Vujacic Milja , Djevic Rajka , Stanisic Jelena
Published: February 2018

Teacher in-service training is one of the ways to introduce innovative
solutions to teaching, whereby obtaining an insight into teachers?
experiences proves to be vital for understanding this process. In our
country, the studies dealing with this problem are fairly rare. Using this as
a starting point, the aim of our study was to obtain an insight into class
teachers? experiences in implementing innovative teaching methods during the
in-service training programmes whose focus was on encouraging the cooperation
and creativity of students during classes. This study is a part of a more
extensive experimental research that was conducted at a primary school in
Belgrade within the Trefoil educational model. The sample included eight
first-grade and second-grade class teachers, whose conversations, which took
place during ten meetings of the teachers? board, were analysed. A
qualitative thematic content analysis was used in data processing. The
results indicate that the previous knowledge and experience of class
teachers, as well as their implicit pedagogical beliefs, are important
factors which determine the successfulness of the implementation of
innovative solutions in teaching. The implementation of innovative methods in
teaching and the exchange of experiences with colleagues and the facilitator
during the in-service training have contributed to the re-examination of
class teachers? implicit pedagogical beliefs and the shift in their work with
respect to motivation, effectiveness, cooperation with colleagues and
implementing a differentiated approach in teaching. Class teachers?
perceptions also point towards the positive changes when it comes to
students? motivation and their more active positioning during classes. The
key implications of the current study refer to the necessity of intensifying
the long-term programmes in our in-service teacher training system that would
create the necessary conditions for a more successful implementation of
innovative solutions in teaching. Finally, it is also pointed out to the
limitations of the current study.
Art teachers’ competencies in the context of their involvement in school work and proactive role in the society
Authors: Korac Isidora , Gajic Olivera
Published: February 2018

The authors? starting point in this paper is analysing the changes in the
perception of teaching profession, as well as the need for professional
engagement of art teachers in school work and pro-active role in the society,
while emphasizing the issues of professionalisation of their work, identity
and key competencies. The aim of the research was to determine what
competencies of art teachers are needed for school work and professional and
proactive role in the society and what the possibilities of their
professional development are. The research sample included 220 art teachers
working in primary and secondary school. Results indicate that initial
teacher education to large extent determines their teaching preferences, as
well as that many respondents recognise art teachers? competencies as
essential for their work at school and social community. It is noted that a
small number of art teachers participate in school projects, experimental
programmes, teachers? associations, and that they are largely involved only
in the work of school teams. It can be concluded that their professional
development needs to be focused towards the development of sensitivity for
the identification and understanding of different professional and social
patterns and roles, towards social interaction and involvement in various
school teams and teachers? associations, through which they can provide
themselves with a source of support and resources for their work.
Leisure from the youth perspective: A qualitative analysis of high school students’ time diary
Authors: Pesic Jelena , Videnovic Marina
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we explore high school students? intrapersonal experiences
regarding their leisure activities, and whether it is justified, on the basis
of their perception, to make a distinction between active and passive
leisure. The data were collected by 24-hour time diary method (description of
experiences regarding the stated activities) and the thematic content
analysis method was applied. The comments embedded in students? descriptions
(unit of analysis) were classified into four categories: aims/importance of
activities, mental effort, motivational value and experience of engagement.
The sample of 922 high school students was structured by the region, age
(I-IV grade) and type of school (grammar and vocational schools). As
expected, extracurricular activities and hobbies are significantly more often
described as mentally demanding and important for the development of
competencies and identity, compared to passive leisure activities - watching
entertainment shows and movies, reading for pleasure, listening to music and
playing computer games. For these latter activities, there are significantly
more positive comments on their motivational value. There is no significant
difference regarding the experience of engagement, partly because of the
unexpectedly large number of positive comments on watching entertainment
shows and movies. The implications of these findings are discussed from the
perspective of positive youth development.
Modelo canónico, problemas fundamentales y gobernanza urbana
Authors: Porras Sánchez Francisco Javier
Published: February 2018

Las literaturas de la gobernanza han generado categorías con diversos grados de utilidad para entender el gobierno, incluyendo el de las ciudades. Sin embargo, el término tiene tantos significados y es usado tan inconsistentemente que sus aportes son difíciles de sistematizar, obstaculizando la generación de teorías pertinentes y buenas prácticas. Para ponderarlas adecuadamente, es indispensable considerar los problemas fundamentales que comparten tales literaturas. El artículo argumenta que la cooperación, la auto-organización, la rendición de cuentas, el timoneo efectivo y la interdisciplinariedad se encuentran en el centro de la gobernanza y en la raíz de muchos problemas urbanos.

Recibido: 25/06/2017 • Aceptado: 31/08/2017
Una revelación más acá de la luz: lo divino como fenómeno invisible en la filosofía de la religión de Michel Henry
Authors: Llorente Cardo Jaime
Published: February 2018

La «fenomenología material» de Michel Henry constituye uno de los más destacados intentos de pensar lo invisible en el contexto de la filosofía contemporánea. El presente estudio pretende mostrar las implicaciones filosóficas y teológicas que se derivan de la descripción de Henry acerca del paradójico modo de aparecer de Dios. Dios solamente se muestra en lo invisible, es decir, en la Vida absoluta inmanente y esa vida trascendental constituye la auto-revelación de Dios mismo. Una revelación que acontece más allá (o «más acá») del mundo objetivo y que, por ello, torna superflua y absurda toda hipotética demostración o prueba de la existencia de Dios al modo «metafísico» tradicional. 

Recibido: 15/03/2017 • Aceptado: 31/08/2017
El realismo real como marco de una filosofía primera para abordar el problema de la demostración de la existencia de Dios
Authors: Sierra Lechuga Carlos
Published: February 2018

El problema filosófico de la «demostración de la existencia de Dios» nos ha movido a mostrar que la labor de la filosofía consiste en ser primera: su trabajo no está en averiguar, a toro pasado, cómo los diversos saberes han de encontrarse, sino en cómo –previamente a su «separación»– comparten un surgir común: la realidad en su aparecer. Por ello, esbozaremos el estado germinal de una filosofía a la que intitulamos «realismo real». Con ella atenderemos «fenomenológicamente» a cómo surgen las cosas: 1) aclarando qué es aparecer, 2) elucidando qué es realidad, 3) notando que la realidad aparece de distintos modos, a saber, la existencia, la consistencia y la subsistencia y 4) según estos modos de realidad, enmarcaremos el problema de la «existencia» de Dios en el realismo real. Tales elucidaciones son, a la vez, un epígrafe al desarrollo de la filosofía primera, aquí germinalmente presentada.

Recibido: 25/10/2016 • Aceptado: 31/08/2017
Reseña: Cappuccio, M.; T. Froese, T, eds. 2014. Enactive Cognition at the Edge of Sense-making. Making Sense of Non-sense. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. New Directions in Philosophy and Cognitive Science, 317 pp.
Authors: Vizcaya Susana Ramírez
Published: February 2018

Reseña de Cappuccio, M.; T. Froese, T, eds. 2014. Enactive Cognition at the Edge of Sense-making. Making Sense of Non-sense. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. New Directions in Philosophy and Cognitive Science, 317 pp.
Reseña: Bernhard Waldenfels, Exploraciones fenomenológicas acerca de lo extraño. Edición de Gustavo Leyva, Anthropos/UMSNH, Barcelona/Morelia, 2015, 333 pp.
Authors: Sánchez Muñoz Rubén
Published: February 2018

El texto es una reseña crítica acerca de las líneas y temas fundamentales de este libro de Waldenfels. El ella se describen las experiencias de extrañeza y propiedad a partir del cuerpo, el olvido, la cultura, entre otros.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI SIKAP TERHADAP LARANGAN MEROKOK PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Prasetya Ryan Christian , Utami Margaretha Sih Setija
Published: February 2018

Konsumsi tembakau atau rokok memiliki dampak negatif bagi kesehatan

baik bagi yang mengonsumsi secara langsung (perokok aktif) maupun

secara tidak langsung (perokok pasif). Berbagai gerakan yang mendukung

mengenai pengurangan rokok telah dilakukan oleh berbagai lembaga di

dunia, salah satunya Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.

Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan tujuan memberikan

gambaran mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi sikap mahasiswa

terhadap larangan merokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan 100 orang sampel

yang tersebar dari tahun angkatan 2012 hingga 2015. Analisis data yang

digunakan adalah metode statistik nonparametrik terhadap delapan variabel

penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang

signifikan memengaruhi sikap mahasiswa terhadap larangan merokok

adalah behavioral belief, jenis kelamin, orang lain yang dianggap penting,

status merokok dan niat untuk berhenti merokok. Sedangkan, kebudayaan

dan media massa tidak memengaruhi secara signifikan.
BURNOUT DITINJAU DARI EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT PADA KARYAWAN
Authors: Christianty Theresia Olga Vania , Widhianingtanti Lucia Trisni
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara employee

engagement dengan burnout. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini

adalah terdapat hubungan negatif antara employee engagement dengan

burnout pada karyawan PT BPR Restu Group. Metode yang digunakan

dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara penelitian kuantitatif dan dengan

menggunakan skala burnout dan employee engagement. Penelitian ini

menggunakan teknik analisis korelasi product moment. Hasil nilai rxy= -

0,671 (p
Duas odes horacianas e uma imitação camoniana
Authors: Vasconcellos Paulo
Published: February 2018

As odes I, 4 e IV, 7 de Horácio apresentam elementos comparáveis não apenas do ponto de vista do conteúdo como também do ponto de vista da forma, apesar da diferença de metro e de tom. Neste breve artigo, examinamos essas semelhanças e mostramos como Camões imitou, em uma ode, os dois poemas ao mesmo tempo.
Tres especies nuevas de Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae; Pteridophyta) para Costa Rica y Colombia.
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Alexander Francisco
Published: February 2018

En este artículo tres especies nuevas de Hymenophyllum Sm. son descritas e ilustradas para Costa Rica y Colombia: H. densipilosum A. Rojas, H. hastatum A. Rojas e H. multicristatum A. Rojas. Todas las especies aquí descritas están relacionadas a H. plumosum Kaulf. por la lámina densamente pelosa en ambas superficies, los tricomas estrellados y la presencia de alas o crestas en la superficie dorsal de las venas. La primera especie difiere de H. plumosum por lámina 1-pinnada-bipinnatífida a 2-pinnada-pinnatisecta, relativamente más ancha, la lámina más densamente pilosa, los pelos de haz blanquecinos a dorados y adpresos y distribuida a mayor elevación. La segunda especie se diferencia de H. plumosum por lámina menos densamente pelosa, pinnas equiláteras y hastadas con dos grandes lóbulos basales y alas del lado dorsal de la lámina más anchas. La tercera especie se distingue de H. plumosum porque presenta lámina oblanceolada, pinnas más marcadamente incisas, haz de la lámina menos densamente peloso y venas dorsalmente con (2-) 4-5 alas paralelas y seccionadas en crestas.
Novedades en Jamesonia y Tryonia (Pteridaceae) para el Neotrópico.
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Alexander Francisco
Published: February 2018

Tres especies nuevas de Jamesonia Hook. & Grev. para el Neotrópico son descritas aquí: J. erecta A. Rojas, J. panamensis A. Rojas y J. retroflexa A. Rojas. La primera especie se caracteriza por rizoma robusto y ascendente; frondas cortas y ascendentes; lámina estrecha; rachis rectoo a levemente flexuoso, lámina adaxialmente glabra y abaxialmente con pelos glandulares. La segunda especie tiene distintivamente estípite atropurpúreo a negro, lustroso y glabro; lámina 1-pinnada-pinnatifida o hasta 2-pinadas basalmente, con base truncada; segmentos terminales con dientes agudos, pelos sobre la superficie abaxial rígidos e hialinos, y distribuidos a 1850-2200 m. La tercera especie es reconocida por la lámina oblonga; rachis pardo y flexuoso; pinnas ascendentes; pínnulas retroflexas; segmentos apicales que terminan en particiones ampliamente dicotómicas; venas terminado en puntas oscuras y distribuidas a mayor distribución altitudinal (3500 m). En el género Tryonia se describe a T. macrophylla A. Rojas, y difiere de T. myriophylla (Sw.) Schuettp., J. Prado & A.T. Cochran. por rizoma y base del estípite escamosos; estípite y raquis pardo-rojizo; frondas largas (150-200 cm), conocidas de Colombia y distribuidas a mayor distribución altitudinal (2450-2740 m). Seguidamente se combina a Gymnogramma glandulifera Hieron. bajo el género Jamesonia y se registra para Costa Rica y Mesoamérica a Jamesonia rufescens (Fée) Christenh.
Novedades en Pteris L. (Pteridaceae) para Costa Rica.
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Alexander Francisco
Published: February 2018

A new species of Pteris from Costa Rica is described here. Pteris arbelaeziana A. Rojas that differs from P. muricatopedata A. Arbeláez because it has longer rhizome and stipe scales, pinnate blade and distributed at high elevations. Pteris caridadiae Testo & J. E. Watkins differs from Pteris livida Mett. by its narrower rhizome and stipe scales, the stipe scales densely covering throughout, basal pinnae bifurcate with smaller basiscopic pinna and shorter apical pinna in relation with lateral ones.
Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of medicinally used tree ferns Alsophila cuspidata and Cyathea microdonta
Authors: Longtine Charlie , Tejedor Adrian
Published: February 2018

Medicinal plants are important components of traditional medicine and sources of novel antimicrobial compounds against drug resistance pathogen strains. This study tested the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of medicinally used Neotropical tree ferns Cyathea microdonta and Alsophila cuspidata against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Highest antimicrobial activity was observed in ethanolic extracts, and extracts were more active against gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria.  No difference was observed in antimicrobial activity between species or between extracts made from the leaves, stipe, or caudex.  These results suggest that the traditional use of tree fern mucilage as a topical agent for cuts and leishmaniasis lesions may reduce risk of secondary infection with skin bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, and that Neotropical Cyatheaceae are a potential source of novel antimicrobial compounds.
El compejo Jamesonia flexuosa (Pteridaceae) para el neotrópico
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Alexander Francisco
Published: February 2018

Los estudios del autor en el género Jamesonia Hook. & Grev. para el Neotrópico han resultado en la validación y combinación de tres taxa pertenecientes al grupo de frondas grandes y escandentes con ejes comúnmente flexuosos, considerados principalmente como Jamesonia flexuosa (Kunth) Christenh. Las especies aquí reconocidas y combinadas son Jamesonia refracta (Kunze ex Klotzsch) A. Rojas, J. retrofracta (Grev. & Hook.) A. Rojas y J. galeana (A.F. Tryon) A. Rojas. Adicionalmente se ofrece una clave para el grupo en el neotrópico.
Une Nouvelle station d’Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. en Oranie (Algerie Occidentale).
Authors: Medjahdi Boumediene , Letreuch-Belrouci Assia , Babali Ibrahim
Published: February 2018

New station of  Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. in Oranie (Western of Algeria)Mots clés :  Ophioglossum lusitanicum, ptéridophytes, Région de Tlemcen, Ouest algérienKey words :  Ophioglossum lusitanicum, Ptéridophyte, Region of Tlemcen, the algerian West
Endlose Kälte - Witterungsverlauf und Getreidepreise in den Burgundischen Niederlanden im 15. Jahrhundert
Authors: Camenisch Chantal
Published: February 2018

Menschliche Gesellschaften sind in hohem Mass dem Klima und dem Witterungsverlauf ausgesetzt. Dies gilt insbesondere für die vorindustrielle Zeit. Im vorliegenden Band stellt die Autorin eine umfangreiche und detaillierte Klimarekonstruktion für den Raum der Burgundischen Niederlande im 15. Jahrhundert vor. Diese umfasst einerseits detaillierte Beschreibungen aus zeitgenössischen Quellen und andererseits Temperatur- sowie Niederschlagsindices in saisonaler Auflösung.
Die Klimarekonstruktion dient als Untersuchungsgrundlage für die Frage nach dem Einfluss des Witterungsver­laufes auf die Wirtschaft in den Burgundischen Niederlanden. Getreidepreise stellen im Spätmittelalter den zuverlässigsten Konjunkturbarometer dar und sind darüber hinaus in grosser Zahl überliefert. Getreide – ein unverzichtbares Grundnahrungsmittel und wichtiges Massenhandelsgut – ist einen Grossteil des Jahres auf den Äckern direkt der Witterung ausgesetzt. Eine statistische Auswertung von Preisreihen verschiedener Getreidearten und den saisonalen Indices zeigt den teilweise sehr engen Zusammenhang beider Grössen auf. Allerdings stellt der Witterungsverlauf nur einen von vielen Faktoren dar, die Einfluss auf die ­Getreidepreiskonjunktur nehmen. Diese anderen Faktoren werden detailliert vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Drei Phasen mit sehr hohen Getreidepreisen – die Hungerkrisen der zweiten Hälfte der 1430er, zu Beginn der 1480er und im Übergang der 1480er zu den 1490er Jahren – fallen im Verlaufe des 15. Jahrhunderts auf. Die Autorin legt dar, welche weiteren relevanten Faktoren im zeitlichen und geographischen Umfeld dieser Hungerkrisen neben dem Witterungsverlauf eine Rolle für den exzessiven Getreidepreisanstieg spielten.
Examining the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale in the Italian Context: A Factorial Validity Study
Authors: Fraire Michela , Longobardi Claudio , Prino Laura Elvira , Sclavo Erica , Settanni Michele
Published: February 2018

Introducción . Un número creciente de estudios sugiere que la calidad de las relaciones entre maestros y niños es un factor determinante en la competencia de los niños, en el desarrollo social -emocional, en el funcionamiento de la conducta y en las habilidades académicas . La mayor parte de la investigación sobre las relaciones alumno-maestro se ha basado en estas percepciones de la relación. Un instrumento utilizado para evaluar estas percepciones es la Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS). Hasta ahora, sólo unos pocos estudios se han centrado en la validez transcultural de la STRS. De momento, sólo un estudio ha examinado la validez factorial confirmatoria en los Estados Unidos. En el contexto europeo, otros investigadores han examinado y confirmado la aplicabilidad de la STRS en España, Grecia y en los Países Bajos.Método. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la validez factorial de la Escala de relación profesor-alumno (STRS) en un contexto escolar italiano formado por 1256 niños, con una edad comprendida entre los 3 y los 9 años y 210 profesores.Resultados. La estimación de las variables obtenidas a través del análisis factorial confirmatorio identifica ítems con cargas factoriales bajas, lo cual sugiere una revisión del contenido de dichos ítems en la versión original del STRS, que abarca 28 ítems. El análisis factorial evidencia que la eliminación de 6 ítems de la escala encaja bien con el modelo, lo cual indica que los restantes 22 ítems miden con validez y fiabilidad los constructos de la muestra entera: cercanía (α = .85), conflicto (α = .92) y de-pendencia (α = .69).Discusión y Conclusiones. Estas conclusiones se atribuirían a la diferencia entre los conocimientos culturales de los profesores italianos y el contexto cultural originario de la STRS. Este estudio otorga nuevos elementos para la investigación de la validez de constructo y la investigación sustantiva utilizando la STRS, dado que la STRS se utiliza extensivamente en intervención e investigación sobre educación infantil. Según los resultados obtenidos, el cuestionario resulta ser un instrumento válido para estudiar la relación profesor-alumno, ya sea como escala de monitorización de una relación dada, ya sea como método para ayudar a los profesores a conseguir una mayor conciencia de sus habilidades educativas.
Motherhood in Children's Drama: Selected Cases from Collections on Shona Children's Literature
Authors: Makaudze Godwin
Published: February 2018

Motherhood is a construct that is highly criticised especially by feminist scholarships for its alleged subordination, marginalisation and oppression of women. Motherhood as a position and its associated responsibilities are lamented and excoriated as the root causes of women's disempowerment, docility and invisibility in society. Feminists also conceive motherhood as a position of the feminine that has little influence and is fraught with physical and emotional weaknesses. Using Africana womanist literary theory, this paper is an analysis of motherhood as conceived and conveyed through selected pieces of drama from Scheu, Hamutyinei and Musa's Mitambo yavadiki navakuru, and Gelfand's Growing up in Shona society: From birthto marriage, which are collections of Shona children's literature, with the intent to ascertain this ethnic group's attitude to and perception of the position, its roles and significance. The paper observes that among the Shona, motherhood is far from being an oppressive and disempowering position – it is a position associated with admiration, power, influence and affluence, important responsibilities, and hence, with visibility and significance. More so, it is not limited to femaleness; it is a fluid and flexible concept that allows even males to assume the same position and social responsibilities. The paper concludes that observations and assertions by Western-oriented scholarships need to be critically examined before being accepted as universal truths, and that indigenous cultures should be researched to establish their perceptions and conceptualisation of reality. It recommends that the appreciation of indigenous cultures' conceptualisation of reality be approached from the point of view of participants of the culture in question, not outsiders.