bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of the Google Meet and Quiziz Applications in the Assistance and Strengthening Process of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nasution Atika Rahmah , Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani
Published: January 2022

The current Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on all fields including education. One of them is basic education, which requires teachers for online learning. The research objective is to fulfill the thematic student study service task regarding the Prevention and Management of the Impact of Covid-19 in the field of education. At this time, all learning in Indonesia is being pursued online so that there is minimal interaction. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of online learning that takes place precisely for students at Elementary School 1 Telukagung Indramayu, Indonesia. The sample of this study was 11 students of sixth grade who were selected using simple random sampling technique by considering the homogeneity of the population. The data collection instrument used a pretest - posttest which was made in the Quiziz application with the aim of making students more interested in its various features. Data analysis used descriptive statistics with computerized assistance. The results of this study indicate that online-based learning at Elementary School 1 Telukagung Indramayu, Indonesia tends to be effective and runs smoothly.
What Makes Our Students Demotivated in Learning?
Authors: Ahmad Crizjale V.
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the demotivating factors in learning. Thus, these students can be assisted in becoming successful in their studies. This study is only to determine the demotivating factors in learning of the Criminology students. The descriptive method of research was employed to determine the demotivating factors in the learning of Criminology students. The study was conducted at Notre Dame of Tacurong College (NDTC) with 90 respondents, of whom 72 were males and 18 females. Purposive sampling and statistical tools were utilized in the study. The results showed that the top three demotivating factors in learning are teachers lecture too much, students have difficulty in accomplishing classwork, and learning activities are not stimulating to hold their attention generally moderately demotivated them in their learning. Teachers play an essential role in motivating or demotivating students in learning. Other top demotivating factors are difficulties in accomplishing class works and classroom instruction. Then, learning activities are not stimulating to hold their attention. Also, all of which are teacher-related factors. It is recommended that the teachers moderately integrate other techniques to involve students in the discussion to prevent them from getting bored in the class. It is vital that students stay motivated to learn to succeed in their studies. This study is an approach to learn demotivating factors as an effort to improve students’ studies.
Instructional Materials and Alternative Teaching Practices in Physical Education
Authors: Morbo Emy A.
Published: January 2022

In physical education (PE) learning, one of the main problems faced by PE teachers is the lack of facilities and equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to find a better solution to solve this problem. This study used a descriptive evaluative and comparative research design to determine the level of achievement of the context, input, process, and product evaluation components in the learning program. This research was conducted in 3 selected schools in the Maguindanao Division-1, Philippines. The results show that books are used "widely" by sports teachers and journals are used for printed materials while electronic journals are never used for non-print references. Furthermore, overhead projectors, fitness centers, lockers, kick pads, jumping pits, punching bags, megaphones, and signage are teaching materials that have never been used in the delivery of lessons by sports teachers, local material development and alternative games are rarely used by PE teachers. Sports teachers invite alumni to help with sporting activities, and they also tap old players to help in the basketball game even though they never use beeps but only whistle. The level of use of printed materials by schools differed significantly between schools. So are results with non-printed or electronic material. In addition, researchers suggest that schools provide additional and up-to-date sports books for teachers and students, and, schools should provide other teaching materials that will assist teachers in teaching in the classroom.
Undergraduate Awareness and Perception on the Use of Digital Collaborative Tools in Facilitating Learning in Selected Universities within the Ilorin Metropolis
Authors: Nuhu Kehinde Muritala , Abdulfatai Damilola Ashiat , Onojah Amos Ochayi
Published: January 2022

The study identified the Digital Collaborative Tools used for learning among undergraduates; (i) determined undergraduates’ awareness on the use of these tools for learning; (ii) ascertained undergraduates’ perception of their use for learning; (iii) identified challenges faced on the use of Digital Collaborative Tools for learning; (iv) ascertained coping strategies of integrating these tools for learning in Ilorin metropolis; and (v) examined the influence of gender on undergraduates’ awareness of Digital Collaborative Tools for learning in Ilorin metropolis. The research adopted a descriptive research design of the survey type. The population is comprised of all undergraduate students in the Ilorin metropolis. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 200 students and a researcher-designed questionnaire was used to elicit objective responses from the subjects. Frequency counts, percentages, and mean scores were used to analyze the research questions while t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed in testing the hypotheses. The findings of this study were that Digital Collaborative Tools were used for learning among undergraduates. The study recommended that male and female teachers are to redirect their focus on the utilization of digital collaborative tools for learning.
Factors Affecting Distance Learning of the Physical Education Students of Sultan Kudarat State University, Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Escomes Erlvira Lu , Gutierrez Chiarel Jean P. , Sarabia Ian Paul  C. , Morbo Emy A. , Calixtro Jr. Vivencio L.
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the factors affecting distance learning for Physical Education students. It used a descriptive method and a survey questionnaire using a google form to gather the data of the thirty-three second-year students.  Results revealed that the said students have low motivation in doing their tasks such as assignments, reports, assessments, demonstrations, and oral recitation.  In the perception of the students in terms of social presence and social interaction, they were dissatisfied when it comes to online discussions, conversing, interacting, participating, and speaking online. The students also preferred face to face mode of learning and this implies that future researchers should conduct and make a program that will help to make the students motivated in distance learning. The school administration especially the Bachelor of Physical Education department should implement more strategies and programs to increase the level of motivation, social presence, and social interaction of the students in today's distance learning due to the pandemic condition. The Commission on Higher Education should reduce and limit the number of students in each class as to approve the limited face to face class for the Physical Education students so that they may be able to do the task with proper execution and can be a big impact on the level of motivation, social presence and social interaction of the students, especially that these students preferred face to face mode of learning than online learning.
Experts Evaluation of Flex Billboard On Study Technology for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Ochayi Onojah Amos , Olubode Olumorin Charles , Kofo Soetan Aderonke , Afolake Adedokun-shittu Nafisat , Aderogba Onojah Adenike , Emmanuel Alimi Adebayo
Published: January 2022

There is a need for a method that will shift the attention to the learners, while the lecturers play the role of facilitator of learning. One of the methods that can promote this learning style is Study Technology. Study technology is a student-centered learning technique that helps the learner to study successfully by providing solutions to all barriers encountered in the process of studying. This study investigated experts’ Evaluation of flex billboard on study technology for teaching and learning.  The findings established that the flex billboard is efficient to create an awareness on study technology and it can be operated without the use of electric power supply. It was however recommended that curriculum planner should include in its curriculum, orientation programmer for the pupils on study technology as this will aid or enhance learning process.
The Application of Speaking Development on the Establishment of Object Vocabulary in Student with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Rusyani Endang , Awaliah Fauzia Nur , Maryanti Rina , Husaeni Dwi Fitria Al , Ragadhita Risti , Susetyo Budi
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the increase in the results of the application of speech development to the formation of object vocabulary in deaf children. The approach used is a quantitative approach with the Single Subject Research (SSR) experimental method in the A-B-A design. The A-B-A design used has three phases: 1) Before the intervention/treatment is given, 2) when the treatment/intervention is given in the form of speech development (B), 3) after the treatment is given (A2). The results of the study showed the mean level of the baseline-1 phase (A-1) 43.43%, the intervention phase 47.07%, and the baseline-2 phase (A-2) 51.48%. Then, in the intervention phase (B) to baseline-1 (A-1), there was a 50% overlap, while in the intervention (B) to baseline-2 (A-2) there was no 0% overlap. Each session experienced an increase, although not significantly. The influence of the intervention on the formation of the object vocabulary of deaf children can still be said to be quite increasing because it has increased both before being treated and after being given treatment. Thus it can be concluded that the application of speech development is sufficient to increase the formation of object vocabulary in deaf children. The application of speech development is very important for deaf children so that deaf children are able to function their speech organs well and so that deaf children are able to communicate with other people, both the implementation of speech development is carried out in class or providing additional classes outside of class hours.
Educating and Construing the Lived Experiences of Athletes of South Cotabato in the New Normal: Proposed Intervention
Authors: Villa Edlyn Cris , Guerrero Julius , Jr Vivencio L. Calixtro
Published: January 2022

This study explored the lived experiences of athletes of South Cotabato in the new normal. This study was done: (1) to determine the challenges of the athletes, (2) to highlight the positive responses in the situation, (3) to introduce a new framework to cope with the new normal. This study is viewed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic which is best applied as athletes transition to the new normal. It employed a qualitative research design relatively with the phenomenological approach which includes multiple online in-depth interviews from five participants. The result showed that there is a decrease in the level of physical activities engaged of which is rooted in the number of challenges that athletes are experiencing. Furthermore, significant findings explained the ways of how athletes can cope up, with mobile games as a stress reliever, increased attention in home-based training, increased value in academics, strengthened family relationships, and rest. We also developed a sustainability program that assists coaches, trainers, and parents in monitoring the athletes' well-being during the quarantine period. The study concluded that it has resulted in some negative effects on the athletes’ bodies and in the development of their skills. However, there have been emergent opportunities for positive takeaways, as well. This study provides a framework for athletes and coaches to maintain optimal performance in the new normal.
Internet Literature: Increasing Information Competence in the Learning Process of Students of Class 7 Middle School
Authors: Fadillah Putri , Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Kurniawan Tedi , Bilad Muhammad Roil
Published: January 2022

Internet literacy is very influential in today's social life. Even with students who carry out the learning process at home. This research was conducted to understand the extent to which students can formulate the information needs they get from the internet, as well as knowing the improvement of student competence based on information obtained from the internet for the learning process. The research method carried out by us is qualitative descriptive using a questionnaire and a post-questionnaire as the research medium. The results obtained from this study are students experience an increase in information competence that can help during the learning process.
Strengthening Character Education of Students Through Civics Caring Apps Based on M-Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ammatulloh Mutiara Imtisyal , Permana Noviani , Firmansyah Rizwan , Sa’adah Lussy Nur , Izzatunnisa Zahra Ihsani , Muthaqin Dwi Iman
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of character education for students using M-Learning-based media containing content and display according to the needs and interests of students at the elementary school level. The method used is the Design and Development research method, with data collection carried out including literature studies, interviews, validation with experts, and questionnaires. The final results of this study are user tasks, evidence of student character changes, prototype designs, and mobile applications in providing an understanding of character values with a good user experience and displaying content that is in accordance with the needs and interests of students so that they are motivated to implement every positive character value they learn. This is because Civics Caring Apps provides customized types of text, graphics, audio, video, quizzes, animations, and interactivity to allow everyone to access various forms of media to create more meaningful programs for users. Based on the research that has been done, the online learning process (on the network) has hampered the process of internalizing character education in students. The presence of Civics Caring Apps has been proven to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the character-building process of students during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Aloe Vera as an Alternative Energy Source
Authors: Sihombing Dewa Alvario , Yulianti Lisna , Prima Eka Cahya
Published: January 2022

Energy is a basic human need. In Indonesia, fuel oil (BBM) is the most widely used energy source in meeting national energy needs. The composition of Indonesia's national energy consumption in 2015, namely BBM: 52.50%; Gas: 19.04%; Coal: 21.52%; Water: 3.73%; Geothermal: 3.01%; and New Energy: 0.2% (Kholiq, 2015). To reduce the use of non-renewable energy, we are trying to find a solution to overcome this problem, namely by using Aloe vera as a source of electrical. This research focuses on the type of circuit and the number of sets of electrodes to produce an optimal source of electrical energy. In this research, we are using an experimental method that aims to determine whether Aloe vera can be an alternative renewable energy source. The first condition is one leaf, series circuit. The second condition, two leaves with a parallel circuit. The third condition, three-leaf with a parallel circuit. The results of this study are that the more electrodes, the more voltage is generated. By assembling in parallel, the resulting current is greater. From our study, we hope Aloe vera has potential as an alternative energy source and it can reduce the use of non-renewable energy.
Application of Augmented Reality Technology with the Fuzzy Logic Method as an Online Physical Education Lecture Method in the New Normal Era
Authors: Albar C. N. , Widiansyah M. Givaldi , Mubarok S. , Aziz M. A. , Maulana Hanhan
Published: January 2022

This research aims to create Augmented Reality about basic physics practicum tutorials on the Sound Wave Resonance module in the Department of Computer Systems at the Universitas Komputer Indonesia (UNIKOM) based on Android. The advantages of this technology can be used as a medium of online learning if there is an emergency that results in not implementing conventional learning so that learning activities remain effective. This application program is intended to facilitate the Lecturer / Laboratory Assistant in presenting the material as well as attracting student learning interest in practicum learning. The method used in this study was a qualitative method by describing the condition of the Basic Physics Laboratory in the computer engineering department, and the system development method used is the paradigm method, Waterfall. Data was collected through interviews with the Chair of the Basic Physics Laboratory. This study results obtained an information system that allows the practitioner to compare the calculations' results mathematically with the application, and practicum can understand the material easily and fun.
Eco Cooler for Cooler House without Electricity for Educational Purposes
Authors: Antonio Alvito , Hasanah Maulidah , Damayanti Novita , Devina Oryza Aprilia , Khoerunnisa Fitri , Winarno Nanang
Published: January 2022

The earth's temperature from 1981 to February 2021 has relatively increased. The increase in temperature on earth has made many people choose to use air conditioning so that the temperature in their homes is not too cold. The energy demand from air conditioning worldwide will be three times as much by 2050. Bangladesh has created a system called the Eco-Cooler as an alternative to lowering room temperature without using large electrical energy so as to save energy and costs. The eco-cooler can reduce temperatures from 1-3˚C in a room with a size of 4.2 × 4.2 × 3.3 m3 using an Eco-cooler with a bottle diameter of 6 cm and a board area of 48 × 48 cm2. This can be a good educational point for being applied in Indonesia. The advantage of using the Eco-Cooler is that it is easy to maintain, easy to use, the air is more humid, and it saves energy.
Structural Design and Strength Analysis of Lifting Machine for Home Appliance Flood Safety Tool: A Problem-based Learning
Authors: Sineri Gabriel Ayrton Andares , Octary Astrid Vanya , Ali Muchammad Fachrizal , Iza Nurlaely Rohmatul , Triawan Farid
Published: January 2022

In Indonesia, floods become an annual disaster, especially in the rainy season. The number of floods occurs in Indonesia in 2019 reached 1,277 cases. The floodwater can cause massive damage to the home appliance, especially when contacted with electronic devices. Moreover, the lifting machine comes as an excellent solution, securing the electronic device when floods come. A preliminary design of a hydraulic scissors lifter for elevating the home appliance during floods is introduced along with its static and fatigue strength analyses. The proposed design comes up with a combination of scissors lifter mechanism combined with the hydraulic jack device. The analyses in the critical components of the lifting machine - the support link and the scissors rod link - are presented. The lowest and upper conditions are assumed and resulted in a dynamic safety factor of 1.252 for the lowest position and 3.11 for the highest position. These values indicate that the proposed design offers excellent safety. Additionally, this work can be classified as teaching material for the machine element course.
Implementation of video learning media in Islamic Religious Education subjects
Authors: Anggraeni Risma , Maryanti Rina
Published: January 2022

The development of technology in the world of education brings various positive and negative impacts. In this regard, the use of technology in learning in the modern era has led to various kinds of innovations, which are marked by the use of video as a learning medium. This study aims to explore the video-based learning process as a learning medium, as well as to analyze teacher and student perceptions of these activities. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with three data collection techniques, namely interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on this, the researchers found findings in the form of, the application of video as a learning medium received a good response from teachers and students, one of which was an interesting activity because in addition to being educational. In addition, the results showed that with the use of video as a learning medium, students became more focused and enthusiastic, but in this use, it was found that students were not very comfortable due to problems in several ways, one of which was the low quality of the video causing audio and visual elements of the material. Islamic Religious Education Learning is not delivered optimally.
Effectiveness of Arduino Uno as A Teaching Model on Constructing Automatic Hand Washer
Authors: Apellido Kerbykiel , Magbanua M. , Catolos C. , Bernan B. , Friales F.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the construction of an Arduino-based automatic washer. Arduino Uno was used since it can be used as a teaching model. The results showed that the overall appearance of its size, portability, eye-catching, and neatness is acceptable. In terms of releasing the water, soap, and the screen display, it is reasonable because the average means are acceptable. Lastly, the product’s overall performance in terms of its function and appearance is generally better than good and average. The product is valuable, and it was accepted by many. However, the researchers should work on its appearance and function since it’s not perfect. The study’s impact will give better awareness for future users as it will be easy for them to wash their hands as well as no need to hold the product as a result of the fast transmission of pathogens.
The Influence of Junior High School Students' Musical Preferences on the Learning of Basic Music Theory
Authors: Novrizal Ricko Salza , Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Kurniawan Tedi , Bilad Muhammad Roil
Published: January 2022

At this time, many types of music emerged and exposure to them was helped by the rapid information received from social media. This research aims to determine whether different musical preferences affect the learning of basic music theory in junior high school students. This research method uses quantitative research. The result of this study is that there are differences in results between students with different musical preferences. Students with rock music preferences experienced a change in knowledge of musical elements from 10 to 70% and students with pop music preferences from 44 to 67%. Students with rock music preferences experienced bigger and more drastic changes, it was because the population with rock music preferences was less than pop music preferences.
Effect of Webinar Multimedia Platform on Students’ Academic Performance in Selected Educational Technology Concepts in University of Ilorin
Authors: Nuhu Kehinde Muritala , Onojah Amos Ochayi
Published: January 2022

The study investigated the effect of Webinar Multimedia Platform in selected Educational Technology Concept on Students’ Academic Performance in the University of Ilorin. A descriptive study design was adopted for the measurement of respondent’s opinions on the issue related to webinar multimedia tools and students’ academic performance. The study population constitutes 50 students in the Educational Technology Department at the University of Ilorin considering t-test statistical tools. The findings of the study revealed that (i) There was no significant difference between the performance of undergraduates taught selected educational technology concepts using Webinar and those that were taught with the conventional lecture method in favor of the experimental group; (ii) There was no significant difference in the mean score’s performance of male, and (iii) female students that were exposed to Webinar, (iv)           The students that were exposed to Webinar had positive reactions toward the use of Webinar, and (v) There was no significant difference between male and female students’ reactions towards the use of Webinar. The study concluded that Webinar was used and found effective for learning the selected Educational Technology concepts. The two hypotheses that were tested were retained. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that Webinar is a very effective supplementary tool that will enhance students’ academic performance.
The Effectiveness of Learning Videos as a Source of Digital Literacy on Poster Learning in Elementary Schools
Authors: Maulid Maulana Nur , Sakti Asri Wibawa
Published: January 2022

Learning in elementary schools tends to focus on teachers so it is less empowering for students. Of course, this makes the low level of literacy process in student learning the purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of the use of video media as digital literacy on poster learning in elementary school. This study uses quantitative research methods using the pre-experimental method of design type one group pre-test and post-test. The subjects in the study were 10 grade III elementary school students consisting of 5 male students and 5 female students. The results of the study showed that the knowledge of students and students about poster material before and after the implementation of video media as digital literacy is remembered. Because learning videos are very helpful to students in understanding poster material. It can be concluded that the delivery of material through this video can indirectly improve digital literacy for students.
Analysis of Elementary School Students’ Leisure Time during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mugianti Dinnida Sulistiani , Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Kurniawan Tedi , Bilad Muhammad Roil
Published: January 2022

Unforeseen circumstances in the form of the COVID- 19 disease outbreak have brought urgent changes to various sectors. The government's recommendation to stay at home and physical and social distancing must be followed by a change in the face-to-face learning mode to online so that a lot of free time is left at home. The purpose of this study was to analyse the planning of activities carried out in free time for elementary school students’ during the covid-19 pandemic. The study used a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method in the form of a one-group pre-test - post-test design. The results of the research show that the average post-test score of students’ is 84.7%, greater than the average pre-test score of 69.3% which has a difference of 15.4%. Therefore, it is hoped that students’ can plan positive activities to fill their spare time during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Lateralverhalten elastischer Bahnen vereinfacht modelliert
Authors: Brandenburg GÜnther
Published: January 2022

Das seitliche Verlaufen von durchlaufenden Bahnen in der Papier-, Kunststoff- und Textilindustrie wird mit Hilfe von Bahnkantenregelungen korrigiert. Im textdata wird die ausgedehnte Bahn durch eine Harfe von Fäden ohne Querkopplungen in einem System angetriebener und nicht angetriebener, umschlungener Walzen angenähert. Für zwei Grenzfälle: Faden unter Zugspannung bei vernachlässigten Biegespannungen und Faden bei Biegung unter Vernachlässigung der Zugspannung, werden aus kinematischen Beziehungen und der Kontinuitätsgleichung der Kontinuumsmechanik nichtlineare Differenzialgleichungen gewonnen, die nur schwach miteinander gekoppelt sind. Eine Linearisierung ergibt, dass sich der durchlaufende Faden im Zweiwalzensystem als ein Verzögerungsglied erster Ordnung darstellen lässt. In Teil 2 wird die Methode auf reale Drei- und Vierwalzensysteme erweitert.
Lateralverhalten elastischer Bahnen vereinfacht modelliert
Authors: Brandenburg GÜnther
Published: January 2022

Das seitliche Verlaufen von durchlaufenden Stoffbahnen in der Papier-, Kunststoff- und Textilindustrie wird mihilfe von Bahnkantenregelungen korrigiert. In Teil 1 wurde die ausgedehnte Bahn durch eine Harfe von Fäden ohne Querkopplungen in einem System aus zwei angetriebenen Walzen angenähert. Zwei Grenzfälle wurden behandelt: Ein Faden unter Zugspannung bei vernachlässigten Biegespannungen und ein Faden bei Biegung unter Vernachlässigung der Zugspannung. Ein Faden mit vorherrschender Zugspannung stellt demnach ein Verzögerungsglied 1. Ordnung dar, das dieselbe Zeitkonstante aufweist, wie sie für das Longitudinalverhalten charakteristisch ist. Bei Biegung wird die Zeitkonstante kleiner, ohne dass sich die Systemordnung ändert. Der erreichbare Fadenversatz relativ zu einer Schwenkwalze vermindert sich. Im folgenden Teil 2 werden ein Drei- und ein Vierwalzensystem untersucht, das letztgenannte nur für den Fall überwiegender Zugspannung. Für diese industrie-üblichen Systeme werden nicht angetriebene Schwenkwalzen zwischen angetriebenen Klemmstellen zu Grunde gelegt.
Effizientes Testen heterogener Leitsystemkonfigurationen
Authors: Hoernicke Mario , Greifeneder Jürgen , Barth Mike
Published: January 2022

Die Simulation als Mittel zum Testen der Leitsystem-Konfiguration hat sich über die letzten Jahre etabliert. Aufgrund des hohen manuellen Aufwands fokussieren simulationsbasierte Testmethoden meist auf den funktionalen Bereich, wobei ausschließlich die Steuerungslogik, nicht aber die Konfiguration der Subsysteme getestet wird. Der Beitrag stellt eine Methode vor, mit der die Vorteile simulationsbasierter Tests um die Möglichkeiten aktueller Hardware-Emulatoren erweitert werden. Hierzu wird ein Framework präsentiert, welches die für einen Subsystemtest notwendigen Emulatoren integriert und automatisch konfiguriert.
Bus-ID: Orientierung für Blinde an der Haltestelle
Authors: Meister Rando , Fay Alexander , Cory Dennis , Ehring Christian
Published: January 2022

Blinde und sehbehinderte Menschen werden im Alltag mit vielen Arten von Barrieren konfrontiert. Das Forschungsprojekt Bus-ID zeigt durch eine RFID-basierte Orientierungshilfe eine Lösung für die barrierefreie Gestaltung von Verkehrsanlagen im öffentlichen Raum auf. Erste Feldtests des Prototypen an einer Bushaltestelle sowie an einem signalisierten Fußgängerüberweg wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit sehbehinderten und blinden Testteilnehmern durchgeführt, um die Gebrauchstauglichkeit zu überprüfen. Die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse der technischen und sozialwissenschaftlichen Erhebungen werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Energieeffizienz in der Fertigung bewerten
Authors: Christiansen Lars , Linnenberg Tobias , Fay Alexander , Seitz Christian , MÜller Andreas W.
Published: January 2022

Um energietechnische Aspekte eines automatisierten Produktionssystems zu betrachten und zu bewerten, bedarf es eindeutiger semantischer Zuordnungen. Der Beitrag schildert, wie hierfür, basierend auf ausgewählten Begriffen und Zusammenhängen, die Energie-Ontologie OntoEnergy entwickelt wurde. Diese erlaubt in Verbindung mit dem formalisierten Prozessmodell des Produktionssystems ein energieorientiertes Prozessmodell abzuleiten. Mit dem energieorientierten Prozessmodelle und einem Simulationsmodell wurde der Energiebedarf einer realen Versuchsplattform untersucht. Der Energiebedarf lässt sich anhand zweier Kennzahlen differenziert betrachten und bewerten.
Komponentenkapselung und -selbstbeschreibung
Authors: Herfs Werner , Lohse Wolfram , Özdemir Denis , Malik Adam
Published: January 2022

Die Kapselung heterogener Automatisierungskomponenten durch webbasierte Standards, wie Websockets nach dem RFC 6455-Standard, ermöglicht im Vergleich zu SOAP oder REST, Antwortzeiten signifikant zu verringern sowie bidirektionale ereignisbasierte Server-Client-Verbindungen aufzubauen. Eine zusätzliche XML-basierte Komponentenselbstbeschreibung eröffnet Potenziale, anwendungsspezifische Ablaufbeschreibungssprachen automatisiert zu generieren. Die Anwendung wird im Beitrag am Beispiel der Automatisierung biotechnologischer Prozesse demonstriert.
Schnittstellen für das integrierte Engineering
Authors: Tauchnitz Thomas
Published: January 2022

Für Planung und Betrieb von prozesstechnischen Anlagen wird eine Vielzahl von Software-Werkzeugen verwendet. Der manuelle Austausch und Abgleich der Daten ist aufwendig und fehlerbehaftet. Das integrierte Engineering ermöglicht eine effiziente und konsistente Datenbasis für den gesamten Lebenszyklus. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass weder eine zentrale Datenbank noch individuelle Schnittstellen zwischen allen beteiligten Systemen zum gewünschten Erfolg führen. Vielmehr wird ein Vorgehen zur schrittweisen Standardisierung vorgeschlagen, das auf der Definition von Objekten und ihren Attributen basiert. Ein kooperativer Standardisierungsansatz führt zügig zum integrierten Engineering.
Advanced Position Control für Servoachsen
Authors: Zirn Oliver , Katthän Lukas , Kreutzer Michael
Published: January 2022

Strukturelastizitäten und flexible Übertragungsglieder sind der Flaschenhals für die Regelgüte von Servoachsen. Besondere Bedeutung kommt dabei der Einstellung des PI-Geschwindigkeitsreglers zu. In diesem Beitrag werden analytische Einstellregeln für eine optimale Vibrationsdämpfung vorgestellt. Für elastische Antriebsketten gibt es eine Zustandsreglerergänzung von einem führenden Hersteller von Automatisierungskomponenten mit der Bezeichnung Advanced Position Control (APC). Damit lassen sich Lastvibrationen vermindern, wenn die Lastposition ausreichend aufgelöst erfasst wird. Das praxisnahe Vorgehen zur Reglereinstellung an Werkzeugmaschinen wird aufgezeigt und der APC-Ansatz mit einem allgemeineren Konzept der Zustandsreglerergänzung verglichen.
Redundanz für verfügbare Systeme
Authors: Gamer Thomas , Stattelmann Stefan
Published: January 2022

Verfügbarkeit ist in der Automation ein nicht zu vernachlässigender Aspekt bei Design und Betrieb von Systemen. Ausfälle können zu unvorhergesehenen Problemen führen und verursachen meist hohe Kosten. Daher werden Redundanzkonzepte häufig in industriellen Applikationen und Systemen angewandt. Um derartige Konzepte entwerfen sowie effizient und effektiv umsetzen zu können, geben die Autoren im Beitrag auf Basis hierarchisch strukturierter Designelemente Leitlinien zur Definition von Anforderungen sowie zu Auswahl und Design eines passenden Redundanzmusters. Am Beispiel von Software-basierter Standby-Redundanz werden außerdem existierende Implementierungsalternativen aufgezeigt und analytisch ausgewertet. Auch hierbei ergeben sich Leitlinien zur Auswahl einer geeigneten Alternative.
Schutzzielorientiertes Design der Sicherheitsleittechnik
Authors: Ding Yongjian
Published: January 2022

Safety instrumentation and control in nuclear power plants has to be systematically designed and revisable in order to meet the highest safety requirements. A safety objective oriented design process is presented in combination with the defence in depth philosophy. The approach is applicable for the construction of new plants like the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR) and for the comprehensive refurbishment of existing plants. Its success has been demonstrated in several domestic and international I&C projects.
Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme in der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Chan Rachel , Krauss Michael
Published: January 2022

Trotz kurzer Abwicklungzeiten, beschränkter Ressourcen und komplexer Systemfunktionalitäten ist es durch Simulation möglich, höhere Qualitätsstandards bei Automatisierungsapplikationen zu erzielen. Simulation, und damit die virtuelle Inbetriebnahme, ist ein Kernelement der Vision des integrierten Engineerings, da sich so mehr Effizienz in der Planung und beim Betrieb von Anlagen erreichen lässt. Der Beitrag beschreibt, wie durch die Umsetzung einer virtuellen Inbetriebnahme in einer Batch-Anlage ein effektives Engineering und ein früherer Start-up erreicht werden konnte.
Einsatz robotergeführter Patientenliegen
Authors: Duffe André , Arenbeck Henry , Abel Dirk
Published: January 2022

Variiert die Gewebelage schnellteilender Tumorzellen während der Radiotherapie als Konsequenz nicht abstellbarer physiologischer Vorgänge, wie durch Atmung, so lässt sich eine optimale Dosisverteilung nicht gewährleisten. Bestenfalls kann eine Anpassung des Fokusbereichs an die statistische Positionsverteilung des Tumorgewebes vorgenommen werden, wobei jedoch auch gesundes Gewebe hohen Strahlendosen ausgesetzt wird. In einem Voruntersuchungsprojekt wurden bereits die Grundlagen für die Technologie einer robotergeführten Patientenliege für den Einsatz in der Radiotherapie entwickelt. Mit deren Hilfe ergab sich eine signifikante Reduktion der Strahlenbelastung gesunder Gewebebestandteile aufgrund von Bewegungen physiologischen Ursprungs.
Modellbasierter Entwurf in der Anwendung
Authors: Stelter Percy Stefan , Büchau Bernd , Gröbe Gerald
Published: January 2022

Am Beispiel der Automatisierung einer Sortierstation einer Flaschenabfüllanlage wird ein modellbasierter Entwurf mittels Matlab/Simulink, Stateflow und einer erforderlichen Toolbox zur automatischen Codegenerierung durchgeführt. Als Zielsystem wird das M1-System der Firma Bachmann eingesetzt. Im Beitrag wird der Entwurf für zwei Teilprozesse der Station Sortieren beschrieben und umgesetzt. Abschließend wird das Ergebnis der Automatisierung der Teilprozesse durch einen modellbasierten Entwurf bewertet, was die Umsetzbarkeit und Effizienz, sowie die Portierbarkeit auf andere Zielsysteme betrifft.
Dezentrale Intelligenz für modulare Automation
Authors: Holm Thomas , Obst Michael , Fay Alexander , Urbas Leon , Albers Thomas , Kreft Sven , Hempen Ulrich
Published: January 2022

Grundgedanke einer modularen Anlagenarchitektur ist es, den Aufwand zur Integration eines Moduls in die Gesamtanlage zu minimieren. Dies lässt sich erreichen, indem Aufwände in das Engineering des Modullieferanten verlagert werden. Das Engineering der Gesamtanlage besteht dann aus zwei voneinander getrennten Engineeringprozessen: Der Modullieferant projektiert das Modul, der Anlagenbetreiber nutzt Module im Integrations-Engineering. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Architektur für die einfache Integration eines Moduls und eine Informationsmodellierung zur Übertragung der zur Integration notwendigen Ergebnisse des Modulengineerings vor. Diese werden in einem Informationsträger gespeichert.
Trends der Technik und des Engineering
Authors: Kegel Gunther , Schaudel Dieter
Published: January 2022

Mit verstärkter Modularisierung ihrer Anlagen reagieren die Prozessindustrien auf neue Herausforderungen im globalen Wettbewerb. Für die Prozessautomatisierung hat dies tief greifende Konsequenzen für die Planung und das Engineering (kürzer, flexibler, standardisiert), für die Grundstruktur der Leittechnik (modular, skalierbar, standardisiert), für die Integration der Feldgeräte („seamless“, Hoffnungsträger FDI) und für die Sensoren und Aktoren im Feld (mehr, kleiner, kommunikationsfähig, energie- und kommunikationsautark). Laboranalyse wird zur Prozessanalyse (in time, spezifisch, robust). „Industrie 4.0“ fordert und ermöglicht mehr und bessere Prozesssimulationen, neue Geschäftsmodelle, Servicekonzepte und Datenanalysewerkzeuge und wird den Betrieb und die Anforderungen an die dort tätigen Menschen grundlegend verändern – in der Prozessautomatisierung allerdings zeitlich später als in anderen Automatisierungen. Der vermehrte Einsatz standardisierter drahtloser Techniken („Wireless“) und von Ethernet, die sichere Übertragung und Haltung von Daten und Informationen („Security“) sowie der belegbare Nutzen für die Betreiber und die Umwelt entscheiden wesentlich über die Akzeptanz und Geschwindigkeit der Transformation.
IT-Sicherheit in der Automatisierung
Authors: Schwibach Martin , Sieber Peter
Published: January 2022

Automation Security gewinnt in der Prozessautomatisierung immer mehr an Bedeutung. Jede neue Lösung muss den Anforderungen Zuverlässigkeit und Verfügbarkeit Nachhaltigkeit und Investitionssicherheit gerecht werden. Gleichzeitig dringen ITTechnologien aus dem Office-Bereich zunehmend in die Automatisierungstechnik vor und erlauben dort kostengünstige und leistungsfähige Lösungen. Durch Trends wie Industrie 4.0 wird die Nutzung von Internettechnologien in der Automatisierung forciert. Mit diesen Entwicklungen und ihren Vorteilen gehen Risiken für die ITSicherheit einher. Der Beitrag beschreibt, wie Hersteller, Integratoren und Anwender diese Problematik gezielt angehen können und welche neuen Strategien dafür erforderlich sind.
Remote Operations in der Prozessautomatisierung
Authors: Birk Joachim
Published: January 2022

Der aus der Production IT kommende Technology Push sowie der durch den anstehenden demografischen Wandel verursachte Market Pull generieren eine hohe Innovationsrate in der Automatisierungstechnik verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit Remote Operations, also der Hochautomatisierung und Fernsteuerung von Anlagen. Das ist ein Kernthema unter den Aktivitäten im Rahmen von Operational Excellence. Durch diese Entwicklungen und Industrie 4.0 entsteht ein verstärktes Spannungsfeld zwischen Automatisierung und IT.
Lebenszyklen von Entitäten einheitlich verwalten
Authors: Evertz Lars , Epple Ulrich
Published: January 2022

Die gezielte Erfassung und Auswertung aller in einem Unternehmen anfallenden Information kann den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg drastisch erhöhen. Dabei kann die Information als Eigenschaft verschiedener Entitäten aufgefasst werden. Wenn diese Entitäten über den gesamten Lebenszyklus verfolgt werden, so ergibt sich ein durchgängiges Informationsbild. Im Beitrag wird ein Konzept für ein System behandelt, mit dem sich ein solches Informationsbild aufbauen lässt. Kernanforderungen an das System sind dabei dynamisch veränderliche Entitätenmodelle, eine Schnittstelle in die reale Welt und eine gemeinsame, systemübergreifende Semantikbasis. Eine prototypische Implementierung des Konzepts wird vorgestellt.
Steuerungsarchitektur für kollaborierende Roboter
Authors: Höcherl Johannes , Bottke Christian , Schlegl Thomas
Published: January 2022

Der Beitrag präsentiert ein prototypisches Robotersystem zur sicheren Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration. Anhand einer Anwendung wird eine normgerechte Risikobeurteilung aufgezeigt. Wichtige Kenngrößen zur Bestimmung des Leistungsgrades sicherheitsrelevanter Steuerungsfunktionen werden berechnet. Der Steuerungsentwicklungsprozess und die entwickelte Steuerungsarchitektur werden beschrieben. Zudem werden Sicherheitsanforderungen validiert und die Ergebnisse diskutiert.
Pleurotus pulmonarius (FR.) Quél Crude Aqueous Extract Ameliorates Wistar-Kyoto Rat Thoracic Aortic Tissues and Vasodilation Responses
Authors: Mohd Yahaya Noor Fazila , Aminudin Norhaniza , Abdullah Noorlidah
Published: January 2022

Pleurotus pulmonarius crude aqueous (CA) extract was previously reported to have therapeutic potential, thus its ability to alleviate serum total cholesterol, vasodilation, and improve the aortic tissue structure in hypercholesterolemia rat model was studied. Eight groups of Wistar-Kyoto rats were involved including normal (G1), hypercholesterolemia (G2), treatment (G3 to G5) and prevention (G6 to G8). Two doses of CA; 0.5 g/kg body weight (BW), 2.0 g/kg BW, and simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW were orally fed to the rats (G3 to G8). Treatment groups were induced with hypercholesterolemia and later treated with CA/simvastatin, while prevention groups were given both hypercholesterolemia-diet and CA/simvastatin simultaneously. The thoracic aortic rings (TAR) were subjected to contractility study and histopathology examination. In organ bath analysis, pre-contracted TAR of G1 with phenylephrine (PE) achieved 60% vasodilation response towards acetylcholine (ACh) whereas TAR of G2 unable to respond to ACh. G3 to G5 groups failed to dilate when induced with ACh whereas G6 to G8 groups showed a slight improvement. The repeated precontracted TAR of G1 and G2 significantly dilated with the presence of CA and simvastatin. TAR of G1 achieved 100% vasodilation at 3.0 mg/mL CA and 2.4 mg/mL simvastatin. TAR of G2 achieved 73% vasodilation at 6.0 mg/mL CA whereas 76.8% dilation recorded for simvastatin at 4.8 mg/mL. Histopathological examination found that CA was able to improve the structure of the aortic cells. These observations suggest that CA helps to improve tissue condition and vasodilation of the hypercholesterolemic aorta.
Distribution Serovar and Risk Factors on the Incidence of Canine leptospirosis After Flood in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Retnowati Ambar , Indrawati Agustin , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Safika Safika , M Noor Susan
Published: January 2022

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, which has become a serious problem, especially in areas with high rainfall. Massive leptospirosis occurs after heavy rains or floods. This study aims to analyze the types and distribution of leptospira bacteria serovars and risk factors for leptospirosis in post-flood dogs. The research was conducted from January to March 2020 at the Ragunan Animal Hospital and independent clinics in Jakarta, Bekasi, Depok and South Tangerang. This study used a cross-sectional study of serum samples from 24 dogs suspected of leptospirosis. Diagnostic techniques are based on questionnaires and clinical symptom evaluation, physical examination and biochemical analysis, serum and hematology, and the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) test. The sample criteria were dogs with leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, azotemia with Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and high keratin. The sample then tested the MAT. Measurement of risk factors in the form of variable questionnaires with laboratory test results using the Chi-square test. Leptospira serovars were identified as bataviae (9 samples), icterohaemorrhagiae (6 samples), tarassovi (4 samples) and javanica (2 samples). The distribution of leptopsira serovars in the study area is quite diverse. Risk factors that increase the incidence of leptospirosis in dogs are the maintenance system (OR 17.50), history of contact with rats (OR 9.625), flood-affected areas (OR 3.50) and drinking water sources (OR 1.643). Floods can be a medium for transmitting leptospira bacteria to dogs. Risk factors such as rearing systems, poor sanitation and a history of contact with rats can increase the incidence of leptospirosis in dogs in areas with high rain intensity. The role of dog owners is needed in preventing the incidence of leptospirosis in dogs.
AC Susceptibility and Electrical Properties of PbS added Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8 Superconductor
Authors: M.J. Masnita , Awang Rozidawati , Abd-Shukor R.
Published: January 2022

The Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8 (Bi-2212) phase is an interesting superconductor. Although it’s transition temperature is lower than Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223), it has a better high field performance at low temperatures. This report is regarding the effects of lead sulfide on Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8 superconductor. Samples of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8(PbS)x for x = 0.0 to 10.0 wt.% were prepared via the solid-state-reaction route. The Bi-2212 was the majority phase in all samples with x ≤ 1.0 wt.% showing more than 95%. Scanning electron micrographs showed increase in grain size as PbS content was increased. The x = 0 sample exhibited the highest T c-zero at 72 K and Tc-onset 83 K. The imaginary part of the AC susceptibility showed that the peak temperature, Tp increased from 59 K for x = 0 to 66 K for x = 0.6 wt.% sample. This research showed that PbS increased the flux pinning of Bi-2212 for x ≤ 1.0 wt.% although the transition temperature was suppressed.