bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Product Quality Evaluation Method (PQEM): To Understand the Evolution of Quality Through the Iterations of a Software Product
Authors: Falco Mariana , Robiolo Gabriela
Published: October 2021

Promoting quality within the context of agile software development, it is extremely important as well as useful to improve not only the knowledge and decision-making of project managers, product owners, and quality assurance leaders but also to support the communication between teams. In this context, quality needs to be visible in a synthetic and intuitive way in order to facilitate the decision of accepting or rejecting each iteration within the software life cycle. This article introduces a novel solution called Product Quality Evaluation Method (PQEM) which can be used to evaluate a set of quality characteristics for each iteration within a software product life cycle. PQEM is based on the Goal-Question-Metric approach, the standard ISO/IEC 25010, and the extension made of testing coverage in order to obtain the quality coverage of each quality characteristic. The outcome of PQEM is a unique multidimensional value, that represents the quality level reached by each iteration of a product, as an aggregated measure. Even though a value it is not the regular idea of measuring quality, we believe that it can be useful to use this value to easily understand the quality level of each iteration. An illustrative example of the PQEM method was carried out with two iterations from a web and mobile application, within the healthcare environment. A single measure makes it possible to observe the evolution of the level of quality reached in the evolution of the product through the iterations.
Synthesis and Application of Zn‑BTC/GO Nanocomposites as Highly Efficient Photocatalysts in the Dye Degradation
Authors: Nguyen Ba Manh  , Pham Thi Thu Trang  , Tran Thi Hoa  , Le Ha Giang
Published: October 2021

Nanocomposite Zn-BTC/GO (BTC: benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic, GO: graphene oxide) was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with a microwave method. Samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, EDS-mapping, BET, SEM, UV-vis DRS and XPS. SEM-image result showed nano Zn-BTC/GO particles size of 50-80 nm. Nanocomposite Zn-BTC/GO showed the a high surface area (1303 m2/g) and pore volume (1.08 cm3/g). The Zn-BTC/GO nanocomposite were tested for the photocatalytic degradation of reactive dye (Reactive Red 195) in an aqueous solution. The Zn-BTC/GO composites exhibited high photocatalytic activity. Thus, at the pH of 6.5 and the high initial concentration of 30 mg RR-195/L, removal efficiency reached the value of 96.16% after 60 min reaction. Moreover, nano Zn-BTC also showed high RR-195 removal efficiency after 3 catalytic regeneration. This contributes to sustainable development and green chemistry.
Study on application of Cr-Cu/ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for conversion of corn-cob derived glucose to hydroxymethyl furfural
Authors: Phan Huy Hoang  , Thai Dinh Cuong
Published: October 2021

Cr-Cu/ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts were prepared by ion exchanged method and were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS. The catalysts were applied to catalyze the transformation of corn-cob derived glucose into 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) under suitable reaction conditions. The effect of reaction conditions such as: catalyst dosage, temperature and reaction time on the yield of HMF product was investigated. The highest HMF yield of 32.6% was obtained when transformation carried out at suitable reaction conditions.
Analysis on Chemical Components of Woods to Predict Ethanol Production Values
Authors: Dwianto Wahyu , Fitria Fitria , Adi Danang Sudarwoko , Kaida Rumi , Hayashi Takahisa
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with analysis on chemical components of woods to predict ethanol production values. The aim is expected to give a reliable value of ethanol production, eliminating the effort needed to directly measure this ethanol production from each wood species. Since the data of wood chemical components is widely available, this result will be valuable in determining a potential use of a wood species as bio-ethanol feedstock. Saccharification and fermentation processes by enzymatic hydrolysis were applied for xylems derived from49 branch trees of Cibodas, 32 branch trees of Purwodadi, and 19 branch trees of Bali Botanical Gardens in Indonesia. Three major wood components were analysed, i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The results show varied relationships between ethanol production and chemical components of wood. The content of cellulose in wood was not exactly related to its ethanol production. This trend was also occurred for the relationship between hemicellulose and ethanol production. However, lignin content in woods gave an expected trend where the less lignin content, the higher the ethanol production.Furthermore, the ratios of cellulose-hemicelluloses and cellulose-lignin have been quantified. The result showed that the celullose-lignin ratio can potentially be used to predict the value of ethanol production which is expressed by linear regression y = 0.0616x + 0.8341; where R² = 0.4127, x = ethanol production and y = cellulose-lignin ratio. Gymnostoma sumatranum with cellulose content of 43.8% and lignin content of 24.1% (celullose-lignin ratio of 1.8) has actual ethanol production of 12.1 mg/100mg wood meal, compared to 15.7 mg/100mg wood meal resulted from above equation. Therefore, by using its cellulose-lignin ratio, the woods having high ethanol production can be screened from literatures.
The Natural Durability and Drying Properties of Ganitri Wood (Elaeocarpus sphaericus Schum)
Authors: Priadi Trisna , Sani Arizal
Published: October 2021

Ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus Schum.) is a fast-growing species that was majority planted in community-based forets in Java. This research aimed to evaluate the natural durability and drying properties of ganitri wood, hence the best uses of the wood can be achieved. The wood durability was tested in laboratory and field scales based on SNI 7207:2014  and ASTM D 1758-02 standards respectively, while the wood treatibilty evaluation used soaking method with 5% borax preservative. The wood drying property was assessed through oven drying at 100°C temperature based on Terazawa method. The resistance of the wood against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus is classified as durability class IV. Ganitri wood was very easy to be preserved with the cold soaking method.  Boron retention in ganitri was 22.87 kg.m-³, while its penetration was 27.80 mm or 94.24%. Ganitri had rather poor drying properties, which was prone to surface check. The proper drying for ganitri wood was suggested using initial and final temperatures 53°C and 83°C, respectively, while the initial and final relative humidity were 85% and 30%.
FATORES DE RISCO DA GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESCÊNCIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Avelino Calciene da Silva , Araújo Elis Célia Alves de , Alves Larissa Luz
Published: October 2021

Introdução: atualmente, considera-se que a gravidez na adolescência é um risco para as adolescentes, por se encontrarem em uma fase muito conturbada, pela sobreposição de crises que tornam a gravidez um problema social e de saúde. E, exige, assim, dos profissionais de saúde um atendimento de melhor qualidade possível para esses adolescentes no acompanhamento da gestação. Objetivo: Analisar os riscos inerentes da gravidez na adolescência no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa, no período de elaboração de março a agosto de 2021 com pesquisas de livros, revistas, periódicos, artigos científicos, fichamento de resumo e revisão final da bibliografia. Foram achados artigos nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e PubMed, no recorde temporal de 2015 a 2021.  Resultados: Por meio desta pesquisa, pôde-se observar os riscos de uma gravidez não planejada na adolescência com a falta de informação e conhecimento sobre esse assunto. Constatou-se que as adolescentes mais pobres que sofrem mais na gestação, em decorrência de não fazer o pré-natal todo mês e com o consumo de drogas para aquelas que moram nas ruas. Conclusão: A enfermagem é uma área de grande importância e tem potencial para contribuir na redução das estatísticas nos casos da gravidez na adolescência. Para isto, a enfermagem pode fazer uso das práticas educativas, envolvendo seu público alvo, desde conversa em grupos de adolescentes, quanto com a realização de parcerias com escolas, comunidade e a consulta de enfermagem.
An organic crystalline state in ageing atmospheric aerosol proxies: spatially resolved structural changes in levitated fatty acid particles
Authors: Milsom Adam , Squires Adam M. , Boswell Jacob A. , Terrill Nicholas J. , Ward Andrew D. , Pfrang Christian
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Organic aerosols are key components of the Earth's
atmospheric system. The phase state of organic aerosols is known to be a
significant factor in determining aerosol reactivity, water uptake and
atmospheric lifetime – with wide implications for cloud formation, climate,
air quality and human health. Unsaturated fatty acids contribute to urban
cooking emissions and sea spray aerosols. These compounds, exemplified by
oleic acid and its sodium salt, are surface-active and have been shown to
self-assemble into a variety of liquid-crystalline phases upon addition of
water. Here we observe a crystalline acid–soap complex in acoustically
levitated oleic acid–sodium oleate particles. We developed a
synchrotron-based simultaneous small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering
(SAXS and WAXS)–Raman microscopy system to probe physical and chemical changes
in the proxy during exposure to humidity and the atmospheric oxidant ozone.
We present a spatially resolved structural picture of a levitated particle
during humidification, revealing a phase gradient consisting of a disordered
liquid crystalline shell and crystalline core. Ozonolysis is significantly
slower in the crystalline phase compared with the liquid phase, and a
significant portion (34 ± 8 %) of unreacted material remains after
extensive oxidation. We present experimental evidence of inert surface layer
formation during ozonolysis, taking advantage of spatially resolved
simultaneous SAXS–WAXS experiments. These observations suggest that atmospheric
lifetimes of surface-active organic species in aerosols are highly phase-dependent, potentially impacting climate, urban air quality and
long-range transport of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs).
Reactive transport model of kinetically controlled celestite to barite replacement
Authors: Tranter Morgan , Wetzel Maria , De Lucia Marco , Kühn Michael
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Barite formation is of concern for many utilisations of the geological subsurface, ranging from oil and gas extraction to geothermal reservoirs.
It also acts as a scavenger mineral for the retention of radium within nuclear waste repositories.
The impact of its precipitation on flow properties has been shown to vary by many orders of magnitude, emphasising the need for robust prediction models.
An experimental flow-through column setup on the laboratory scale investigating the replacement of celestite (SrSO4) with barite (BaSO4) for various input barium concentrations was taken as a basis for modelling.
We provide here a comprehensive, geochemical modelling approach to simulate the experiments.
Celestite dissolution kinetics, as well as subsequent barite nucleation and crystal growth were identified as the most relevant reactive processes, which were included explicitly in the coupling.
A digital rock representation of the granular sample was used to derive the initial inner surface area.
Medium (10 mM) and high (100 mM) barium input concentration resulted in a comparably strong initial surge of barite nuclei formation, followed by continuous grain overgrowth and finally passivation of celestite.
At lower input concentrations (1 mM), nuclei formation was significantly less, resulting in fewer but larger barite crystals and a slow moving reaction front with complete mineral replacement.
The modelled mole fractions of the solid phase and effluent chemistry match well with previous experimental results.
The improvement compared to models using empirical relationships is that no a-priori knowledge on prevailing supersaturations in the system is needed.
For subsurface applications utilising reservoirs or reactive barriers, where barite precipitation plays a role, the developed geochemical model is of great benefit as only solute concentrations are needed as input for quantified prediction of alterations.
Diferensiasi Sunnah dan Hadis dalam Pandangan Ignaz Goldziher
Authors: Kodrat Permana Aramdhan
Published: October 2021

adis dan sunnah dipahami memiliki esensi yang sama. Namun fakta leksikal, terminologi dan historisnya berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang diferensiasi tersebut dari perspektif Ignaz Goldziher dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang didasarkan pada library research dan perspektif hermeneutik. Alhasil, Goldziher memahami bahwa hadis adalah ‘komunikasi’ yang tidak terikat pada aspek keagamaan apa pun, tapi melihatnya sebagai refleksi umat Islam terhadap perkembangan keagaamannya, walaupun ia tidak menolak keberadaan matan dan sanad. Sedangkan sunnah didefinisikan sebagai sebuah pengulangan dari pandangan Arab kuno terhadap tradisi nenek moyang mereka yang kemudian diadopsi oleh Islam. Jadi perbedaan antara keduanya yaitu hadis pada dasarnya merupakan sebuah bentuk ‘komunikasi’ atau ‘pembicaraan’ yang disandarkan pada Rasulullah SAW, sedangkan sunnah hanya sebagai sebuah sikap aktual Nabi Muhammad SAW. Implikasinya, pemahaman Goldziher ini membawa dirinya pada skeptisisme hadis sebagai sumber kedua hukum Islam.
Supporting Student Experience During the Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Sanderson Rebecca , Spacey Rachel , Zhu Xiaotong , Sterling-Morris Rhianne-Ebony
Published: October 2021

This article reports the findings from a small-scale, qualitative and phenomenological institutional research project, undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic, on the experiences of undergraduate students from groups who are traditionally under-represented in higher education in the United Kingdom.  Documenting the first two phases of a longitudinal study carried out at one university in England, the over-arching research question investigated here using semi-structured interviews was: How has the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic impacted student experiences and learning at university? Key themes identified included worry, a sense of loss, feelings of connection and support, a sense of a new geography of campus life and students' need to feel "in the loop". Evidence of changes with longer-term implications were also found, namely, an evolution in the relationship between students and their institution. A series of suggestions are presented based on the findings aimed at mitigating some of the ongoing negative effects of the pandemic on students.
ATTRACTION OF STUDENTS TOWARDS BEAUTY PRODUCTS
Authors: Ali Fouzia , Raza Ali , Izhar Syed Usman , Shoaib Muhammad , Amin Waqas , Adnan Muhammad , Mehmood Aamir
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to measure the correlation and impact of deceptive beauty advertising (Ads) with and on the buying behavior of the university students toward beauty products. Developed instrument contained nineteen questions. Five point Likert scale was used and the response rate was 94.667%. Two variables were computed; buying behavior of university students towards beauty products was dependent variable; and deceptive beauty ads were independent variable. Descriptive statistics, correlation and liner regression techniques were used with the help of SPSS 16. Positive and significant correlation and impact was found with and on the buying behavior of university students toward beauty products which means that the use of beauty products increases with the increase in deception in beauty products ads. The data were collected from university students and non-serious attitude of students were the limitations of this study. In this study, the main focus was on the buying behavior of students and beauty products ads, and it will serve as a benchmark for prospective researchers for future study.
THE MOTIVATION BEHIND SUBCONTRACTING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LARGE FIRMS AND SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE MOTOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN KENYA
Authors: Okatch Beatrice Auko , Mukulu Elegwa , Oyugi Luke
Published: October 2021

The motivation behind subcontracting relationships in the motor vehicle manufacturing The purpose of this study was to determine internal and external constraints to subcontracting arrangements between large firms and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the motor vehicle manufacturing industry in Kenya in order to establish the reasons for the gap in those arrangements. The sector was chosen for the study because of the government’s selection of the sector to promote subcontracting arrangements between small and medium enterprises and large firms in Kenya. Secondly, the sector was chosen because of the complexity of the motor vehicle industry with one motor vehicle comprising about 10,000 component parts, all of which would be difficult for one company to manufacture in-house. The research was mainly qualitative but quantitative data was also used. Content analysis approach was used to analyze the qualitative data and descriptive statistics to analyze the quantitative data. Data was collected from two of the three motor vehicle assembles in Kenya, nine out of thirteen franchise holders and 66 of the 72 component parts suppliers who are mainly small and medium enterprises. The results indicate that the level of subcontracting that takes place in the motor vehicle manufacturing industry is minimal. This is motivated mainly by a desire to remain in the good books of the government. The big enterprises are not willing to buy component parts from local suppliers and especially not local SME suppliers mainly due to the inability of the SMEs to supply quality products to schedule, lack of local suppliers for certain parts, the proliferation of makes and models and competition from imported second hand vehicles from Japan and Europe. The proliferation of makes and models also requires frequent technological changes which both assemblers and SMEs owners find difficult to keep up with. The study recommends that the government should reduce the age of imported second hand vehicles to not more than five years, find a way of compelling the franchise holders and assemblers to buy parts locally and put in place appropriate policies regarding the sector. SMEs should also acquire up to date technology and become more competitive.
THE BUSINESS MODEL OF A SHANZHAI MOBILE PHONE FIRM IN CHINA
Authors: Hu Jin-Li , Wan Hsiang-Tzu , Zhu Hang
Published: October 2021

This study defines Shanzhai mobile phone (ShanzhaiGi) as an indigenous innovation product supported by a group of value chain suppliers that provide good-enough products by charging reasonable prices in a rapid time frame to fulfill the needs of target customers. Through examining the business model of Shanzhai mobile phone firms, we find that the value created by them is to provide products that benefit the countryside people so that everyone can get connected. Moreover, ShanzhaiGi offers more features than premium international brands to fulfill the market demand of the masses. Shanzhai mobile phone firms capture values, sales revenues, and market shares through cost control by utilizing Shanzhai’s value chain suppliers and innovative channel management. While contrasting the business model of Tianyu (as the ‘King of Shanzhai’) with other market leaders (Nokia and Samsung), we find that the market leaders have a relatively more developed business model than Tianyu. Therefore, Tianyu should further enhance its segment, value chain relationship, and competitive strategy.
DETERMINING GAS PIPELINE OPTIMUM ROUTE BY USING INTEGRATED FAHP/GRA MODEL
Authors: Mohamadi Ali , shojaei Payam
Published: October 2021

This paper is aimed at selecting optimum route of gas pipeline over three other recommended routes in Fars state by exploiting MCDM. The main criterias used here, include technical and engineering, environmental and socio-economic criterias that are based on sustainable development. Each of these criterias has some subcriterias which we have obtained their importance by FAHP then routes were classified by GRA. One of the advantages of this project is using subjective and objective datas to order alternatives simultaneously. Results show that in spite of the first expectation, the best route is not necessarily the shortest one and by considering sustainable development criterias among these recommended routes the best one is Eghlid to Sadeh.
IMPEDIMENTS TO WOMEN’S EQUITABLE EMPLOYMENT: GLOBAL SCENARIO
Authors: Faisal Farida
Published: October 2021

The ambivalent record of progress on issues of gender equality is reflective of the impediments to women’s equitable employment. This paper presents facts on global gender inequality in general, while specifically focusing on gender discrimination in the labour market and formal organisations. The Gender Mainstreaming strategy is presented as a viable option to overcome the obstacles restricting women from attaining their productive potential.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING – A MESSIAH FOR MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING?
Authors: Shah Haider , Malik Ali , Malik Muhammad Shaukat
Published: October 2021

When management accounting was introduced as an advanced version of cost accounting after second world war its early advocates had claimed that it would make accounting more useful in assisting managers in their decision making function. As the discipline has failed to live up to the promise now strategic management accounting has been presented as a messiah for the discipline of accounting. New promises have been made that while the traditional management accounting failed to make use of strategic thinking and other qualitative aspects of management the new discipline is likely to make accounting more relevant and important for managers. The empirical evidence on successful diffusion of strategic management accounting is still not overwhelming. It is therefore yet to be seen if strategic management accounting can live up to its promise in future or not.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF MARKETING IN NIGERIA
Authors: ASIKHIA OLALEKAN , ONI-OJO E.E.
Published: October 2021

The conceptual framework of marketing as well as the laws relating to marketing activities was reviewed. In the investigation, issues pertaining to the contractual relationship, obligation as to title, description, fitness for purpose, condition for merchantable quality, sale by sample, liability in the law of deceit and negligence in the law of Tort as well as regulatory bodies set up to guide marketing activities and possibly protect the consumers in Nigeria were looked into. The article has proven the need for an improvement on this legal framework especially in the tort of Negligence.
The Relationship between the Physical Growth of the Central City and Metropolitan Socio-Economic Growth in US Metropolitan Areas from 1950 to 2000*
Authors: Park Chi Hyoung
Published: October 2021

This paper examines Rusk’s central city elasticity theory that the expansion of central city borders from annexations and consolidations relates to economic growth and development in US metropolitan areas. The theory, as explored and discussed in the literature appeared to lack an adequate and full range of empirical data to deeply or fully understand the relationship between his central city elasticity theory and metropolitan geo- and socio-economic conditions. Two major findings are that: central city elasticity levels are strongly supported over all five dependent variables for metropolitan geo- and socio-economic conditions for the both 92 central and 244 non-central neighboring cities. Accordingly, Rusk’s central city elasticity theory that metropolitan socio-economic conditions depend on the growth of central cities is championed. In conclusion, Rusk’s central city elasticity theory is an important contribution to explaining the relationship between central and non-central neighboring cities in US metropolitan areas
E-government Strategic Plan Implementation in Tanzania: Learning from Challenges and Experiences from Kenya, Korea, India and Malaysia
Authors: Lupilya Emmanuel Constantine
Published: October 2021

For the past two years, the implementation of e-government strategic plan in Tanzania has been in a mixed approach resulting from lack of conceptual understanding: firstly, is the lack of a conceptual framework as a baseline for e-government strategic plan implementation. Secondly, is the mixture of understanding the two concepts, the institutional accountability and institutional ownership. The failure to understand these two concepts obscures the institutional process efforts to implement the e-government strategic plan. The study pointed out that such complexities continue to disrupt the institutional efforts in dealing with competing conflicts of interest, corruptions and delays between institutions process, resources and the enhancement of guidelines factors. Thirdly, is the idea that the implementation of the e-government strategic plan can be explained in view of mono-tasking; in a sense that tasks of developing the e-government strategic plan focusing on the guidelines, the institutional process, and enhancing the resource factors are reduced into a single task. In additional, the failure of e-government strategic plan was regarded as a linear timeline factor: for instance, there is a persisting lack of guidelines, resources and institutional process framework in the development of the specific sectorial guidelines. The aim of this research is twofold: First, is to identify factors that affect the successful implementation of the e-government strategic plan. Second is to suggest a conceptual framework for implementing the e-government strategic plan in the context of Tanzania. To do so, the current study examines these factors using a descriptive cases drawn from four countries: Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, and India. The study analyzed different models from these cited countries and suggests a spectacular method on how the e-government conceptual framework can be established within their effort of achieving the e-government strategic plan. The study concluded that a conflict of interest, IT/e-government system ownership and accountability, within the institutions and the private sector were the stumbling block to forward the implementation of the e-government strategy plan. For the success of implementing the e-government strategic plan more efficiently therefore, ties with guidelines, resources and institutional process that should be monitored by e-government task force to eliminate barriers and forge ahead to results oriented. The proposed conceptual framework is inevitable to address the problems that a parasite to the implementation of the e-government strategic plan in Tanzania.
Looking Inside the Black Box: The Importance of Causal Mechanism and Treatment Effect Heterogeneity in Experimentally Evaluated Criminal Justice Interventions*
Authors: Na Chongmin
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses limitations of the “black-box” experimental archetype by highlighting the narrowness of outcome-focused approaches. For a more complete understanding of the nuanced implications of policies and programs, this study calls for an investigation of causal mechanism and treatment effect heterogeneity in experimentally evaluated interventions. This study draws on two distinct but closely related empirical studies, one undertaken by Na and Paternoster (2012) and the other by Na, Loughran, and Paternoster (2015), that go beyond the estimation of a population average treatment effect by adopting more recent methodological advancements that are still underappreciated and underutilized in evaluation research.
Reconciling the Return Predictability Evidence under Structural Breaks
Authors: Park Cheolbeom
Published: October 2021

This study shows that the poor out-of-sample performance of the realtime adjusted dividend-price ratio reported in Lettau and Nieuwerburgh (2008) is mainly a result of the gap period between the occurrence of a break and its detection, which implies that the poor out-of-sample performance of the adjusted dividend-price ratio is due to the requirement in Bai and Perron’s (1998) procedure that breaks must be away from the boundaries of the sample. A substantial improvement in the out-of-sample performance of the adjusted dividend-price ratio during the gap period is shown with the use of Andrews’s (2003) procedure in the real-time adjustment of the dividend-price ratio. The newly suggested procedure for the adjusted dividend-price ratio in this study has better out-ofsample performance than the simple sample mean, although it is not significant.
What Motivates Software Piracy in China: Q-Methodology Perspective
Authors: Kim Chanwoo , Xuewen Mao , Park Hyosung , Jung Kwangho
Published: October 2021

This study explores why Chinese consumers use pirated software programs and how they think about their illegal use, relying on Q methodology. We developed 32 Q statements that outline reasons for using pirated software and surveyed 30 respondents from public officials, and software companies employees to students, professors, researchers, and the public. We developed four Q factors to describe four types of response to the use of pirated software. One group addresses a normative legal response, the second makes an economic utility argument, the third calls for punishing violators, and the fourth claims that they find themselves facing an uncomfortable dilemma in having to choose between the cheapness of illegal software and its illegality. Chinese respondents believe that government intervention can reduce the extent of illegal use (normative legal) and that intellectual property should be protected (economic utility). Furthermore, they acknowledged that the illegal use of software is a socio-structural problem across all social groups rather than a problem of a specific demographic group, such as a group of teenagers. Future research is required to explore not only whether or not perceptions regarding the use of illegal software vary from country to country but also how Confucian culture and norms are related to attitudes about the widespread use of counterfeit products in Asian countries.
Heterogeneous Impact of Geographic Barriers on Provider Choice Evidence from New York County’s Health Market*
Authors: Lee Jae Bok , Roh Chul-Young , Woolley Jonathan A
Published: October 2021

Health services should be accessible regardless of citizens’ gender, age, race, or insurance type, and geographic barriers should not interfere with this access. This article aims to assess the heterogeneous impacts of geographic barriers on inpatients’ hospital choices and to examine whether they vary according inpatients’ socioeconomic or insurance status. Using data on providers and inpatients obtained from the New York State Bureau of Health Informatics Office of Quality and Patient Safety for New York County (New York City’s borough of Manhattan) for 2009, we employed a discrete choice model. Our findings reveal that geographic barriers limit inpatients’ choices of hospitals more when they are of low socioeconomic status.
Bureaucratic Responses to the Cross Pressures of Political Neutrality in Relation to Cultural Orientation and Role Perception: The Case of Korean Civil Servants*
Authors: Park Chun-Oh , Han Seungjoo
Published: October 2021

Relying on the premise that variations in civil servants’ responses to the dilemma of political neutrality might arise from preferences reflecting the unique cultural characteristics of their countries and their role perceptions, this study investigates whether such factors affect the response choices of Korean civil servants to the cross pressures of political neutrality. Although this study focuses on Korea, its findings, implications and theoretical underpinnings may be generalizable to other contexts, as the study explores dilemmas civil servants in most countries commonly face in administrative practice.
The International Competitive Relationships of Three Leading Countries in the Global Shipbuilding Industry
Authors: Hwang Inyoung , Park J. Hun
Published: October 2021

South Korea, China, and Japan are three dominant countries in the global shipbuilding industry, and the competition between them has become more complex over time. The International Maritime Organization environmental regulations and the wave of Industry 4.0 have made the global shipbuilding industry more technology intensive than before. However, after the financial crisis of 2008, China’s labor-intensive strategy outperformed the technology-intensive competitive strategy adopted by Japan and South Korea, and China was ranked first with the largest market share. This study sets out to explore whether China’s labor-intensive strategy will remain superior to the technology-intensive one of Japan and South Korea. Specifically, we investigate how competitive relationships between the three countries changed after the 2008 global financial crisis. We also forecast how many ships each country will complete in through 2026. To analyze this dynamic competitive system, we use the three-dimensional Lotka-Volterra model, drawing on annual data reporting the number of ships built. The findings suggest that China has gained a competitive advantage over Japan since the 2008 global financial crisis, while South Korea has maintained a mutualistic relationship with both Japan and China. Our forecast suggests that China may lose its competitive advantage in the near future, if China does not embrace a more technology-intensive approach.
Job Switch From the Private Sector to the Public Sector: The Characteristics of the Switchers
Authors: Kwon Namho
Published: October 2021

While significant attention has been directed to the job switchers from the public sector to the private sector, there have been few studies about the job switchers in the opposite direction. This paper examines whether sector switchers’ characteristics from the private to the public sector are different from stayers. It is related to a broader set of questions that ask how employees’ characteristics and sector switching are related. The empirical analysis using the National Survey of College Graduates (2003, 2006, 2010, and 2013) shows the switchers’ characteristics. First, females and unmarried employees were more likely to switch their jobs from the private to the public sector from 2003 to 2006. However, these gender and marriage status differences became insignificant from 2010 to 2013. Second, black employees were more likely to move from the private to the public sector for the whole period. Third, the more educated employees seemed to have more freedom to change their private to public careers. Fourth, employees with experience in government-funded projects were more likely to switch jobs from the private to the public. Fifth, workers who showed a low satisfaction level in job security and considered PSM as an essential job principle were more likely to shift across sectors from the private to public. This paper’s findings highlight a neglected sector switch from private to public and open a window into the extent and characteristics of employees who switch their jobs from the private to the public sector.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Bioadhesive Tablet of Candesartan Cilexetil Using 32 Factorial Designs
Authors: Dev Asish , Lohagaonkar Nihar , Deshmukh Mansi
Published: October 2021

Objective: The objective of the work is to formulate candesartan cilexetil floating bioadhesive tablets which can considerably improve the bioavailability of medicine underneath the condition of redoubled continuance of drug in abdomen.
Methods: Floating bioadhesive tablet was ready by direct compression of chemical compound like HPMCE15 and Carbopol934p together.
Result: After analysis of different evaluation parameter and drug release, F4 batch was selected as promising formulation for delivery of candesartan cilexetil floating bioadhesive tablets with 91.22% drug release at 12th h.
Conclusion: Among the further batches, the F4 batch was selected as an optimized batch as a result of the pre-compression and post-compression parameters results area unit satisfactory.

Keywords: Candesartan cilexetil, Floating bioadhesive tablets, Polymer, Total floating time.
The Effect of Repeat Tax Amnesty and Tax Penalty Policy on Taxpayer Compliance
(An Experimental Study)
Authors: Riasning Ni Putu , Bagus Amlayasa Anak Agung , Datrini Luh Kade
Published: October 2021

This study aims to (1) examine the effect of repeated tax amnesty knowledge on taxpayer compliance, (2) examine the effect of tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance based on threats to taxpayer compliance decisions, and (3) examine differences in taxpayer compliance based on taxpayer knowledge, on the re-implementation of tax amnesty and the effect of tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance decisions. This study used a 2 x 2 factorial experimental research design between subjects by using 119 participants from accounting students from the Faculty Economic and Busines Warmadewa University. The results showed that both the knowledge of taxpayers on the re-implementation of tax amnesty and the effect of tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance decisions can affect taxpayer compliance. Besides that too, there is an interaction between taxpayer knowledge on the re-implementation of tax amnesty and the effect of tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance decisions where if the taxpayer is in a condition not aware of the repeated application of the tax amnesty, taxpayers who also receive high tax sanctions will show the highest degree of compliance, compared to subjects in other situations. Hypothesis testing using a different test t test with the help of the SPSS 26.0 program. The expected research output is that the results of this research will be published in the proceedings of the Warmadewa of University Research Institute.

Keywords: Recurring tax forgiveness, tax sanctions, tax compliance.
MANAGING THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG TEACHERS
Authors: Zhulamanova D. B. , Zhulamanov A. K.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the importance and relevance of managing the process of professional development of young teachers in the country. The process of adapting a teacher to the profession and becoming a specialist is characterized as one of the most important stages. The purpose of the study was to create motivation to stay in school and improve their professional skills by managing an important moment in the life of a teacher. In accordance with the research topic, the analysis of the scientific literature was carried out. In order to identify the difficulties that a graduate of a pedagogical institution faces when employmed at school, a survey was conducted and it was found out what motives can serve as a reason for further development in an educational organization as a teacher. Based on the collected data, methods and techniques for managing the process of professional development of young teachers on the basis of personnel management were proposed. The specific ways of replenishment of school personnel by young specialists, specific features and ways of training qualified, educated specialists-teachers are shown. Specific methods and ways of strengthening their professional skills and experience have been identified. The methods of educating young specialists as professionally seasoned, real teachers capable of management are proposed.
Long-Acting Moxidectin for the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Preweaned Beef Calves in Tropical Areas
Authors: Reckziegel Guilherme Henrique , Conde Mario Henrique , Freitas Mariana Green de , Nakatani Matheus Takemi Muchon , Borges Dyego Gonçalves Lino , Moro Elio , Borges Fernando De Almeida
Published: October 2021

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in beef calves in the preweaning period can be an underestimated problem, and an adequate control program can result in increased productivity. In the current scenario of anthelmintic resistance, clinical studies with highly effective molecules with a prolonged period of action can contribute to the development of technologies applied in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 10% moxidectin formulation (10%MOX), administered to calves aged 4–5 months, in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes and weight gain until the time of weaning. The study was divided into 2 stages. The first stage was carried out on a farm, with a randomized block design based on fecal egg counts (FEC), live weight, number of calvings of the mother, breed of the calves, and pickets. In the second stage, the study was repeated on 10 other farms, following a completely randomized design, to confirm the results obtained in the first stage. In all experiments there was a treated group and a placebo group. In the first stage, the effectiveness of 10%MOX in the FECRT performed on the 38th day post-treatment was 98.49%, and the treated animals still had lower FEC averages and a 9.4 kg increase in weight at weaning compared to those from the placebo group. In the second stage, the average increase in weight gain was 6.1 kg, confirming the results of the first stage. The study demonstrated effective control of GINs and improvement in the productive performance of calves treated in the preweaning phase, using 10% moxidectin.
La enfermedad en las comunidades ashéninkas el susto y el choque de aire
Authors: Gualima Padilla Rosendo
Published: October 2021

El autor describe los síndromes culturales desde la concepción ashéninka del Alto Ucayali: susto, choque de aire, cutipo, mal de gente, hechicería, brujería, pusanga y berbaje. Luego se centra en la curación de dos de estos: el choque de aire y el susto. Además señala que la salud se concibe no solo como la ausencia de enfermedad, sino como el equilibrio en las relaciones con los espíritus, conla comunidad humana y los difuntos.
Historia de la comunidad asháninka El Milagro y escuela: historia oral y memoria
Authors: Alva Mendo Jacobo , Jacobo Díaz Enrique
Published: October 2021

Presenta una reflexión sobre la construcción de la historia de la comunidad asháninka El Milagro ubicada en el valle de Marankiari, distrito de Satipo en la selva central peruana, recogida por un docente originario del pueblo asháninka. Discute cuatro aspectos vinculados a la historia y la memoria, el primero está referido a las fuentes y la constitución en archivo oral en situaciones de subjetividad; el segundo, el análisis del documento reconstruido y presentado como historia de la comunidad; el tercero, el uso pedagógico de la historia reconstruida desde la memoria de originarios en el contexto de la demanda de una escuela rural caracterizada y bajo la égida de la política de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe; y finalmente, unas notas desde los enfoques de la historia oral y la memoria que
Fabiola Luna Pineda (1952-2021)
Authors: Regan Jaime
Published: October 2021

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University Students’ Assessment of a Service-Learning Project for Developing Teaching Materials
Authors: López Juan Lucas Onieva , Leyton John Ramírez , Cremades Raúl , Ortega Soledad
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study is to determine the opinions of university students undergoing primary school teacher training to develop language teaching material for patients from the Children’s Hospital of Málaga, Spain, using the Service Learning (SL) methodology. Students evaluated this methodology by answering a 16-question questionnaire validated by external researchers. Academic performance was analysed using the Student’s t-test by comparing grades between an intervention and a control group. The results indicated improvements in several areas, including: the level of engagement, transversal competencies, academic performance, level of student satisfaction, and acquisition of teaching material related to the subject.
Ankara İlinde Yapılan Etnobotanik Çalışmaların, Covid-19 Pandemisi Üzerinde Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKILLIGÖZ Yelda , BAŞARAN Ahmet
Published: October 2021

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından 2019 yılında ilan edilen Kovit-19 pandemisi, yüksek oranda ölüme neden olmuştur. Koronavirüslere, özellikle SARS-CoV-2’ ye karşı birçok aşı ve ilaç geliştirme çalışması devam etmektedir. Geleneksel tıpta, yüzyıllardır kullanılmakta olan halk ilacı ve gıda olarak bitkilerden elde edilen ekstraktları ya da etken maddeleri üzerinde sözü edilen virüslerle ilgili olarak yapılmış aktivite çalışmaları da mevcuttur. Bu süreçte, doğal ilaçlar, koronavirüs kaynaklı antiviral hastalıkların tedavisinde kısa vadeli alternatif olarak etki gösterebilirler. Bu derlemede iki aşamalı araştırma yapılmıştır. Bunlardan biri Ankara ilinin Altındağ-Bağlum-Kılıçlar; Beypazarı-Ayaş-Güdül; Çubuk Çayı-Tatlar arası; Güdül, Haymana, Polatlı (Avşar-Şabanözü- Çile Dağı) ve Yenimahalle-Kazan bölgelerinde yapılan etnobotanik çalışmalar sonunda yayımlanmış bitkilerin derlenmesi olmuştur. Daha sonra, antiviral çalışmalardan; RNA virüslerine karşı etkili olanlar belirlenmiştir. Her iki aşama sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, Ankara bölgesinde yapılan etnobotanik çalışmalar esas alınarak RNA virüslere karşı etkili olan bitkiler tablo halinde gösterilmiştir.
Actual Tendencies in the Legislative Regulation of the Higher Education in Bulgaria
Authors: Andreeva Andriyana , Dimitrova Darina
Published: October 2021

In the present article is made a normative analysis of the Bulgarian legislation in the sphere of higher education in the part of the recent legislative amendments. The reform in the in the area of higher education is a process, started directly after the democracy changes in the country, which encompasses several sub-stages. The authors focus towards examination of the actual amendments in the normative regulation and based on it point out the contemporary tendencies in this area. On the one side is examined the internal normative regulation, on the other side the Bulgarian higher schools are examined in the context of harmonization of the domestic law with the Law of the European Union. Based on the analysis are made conclusions and summaries, directed to the practical appliance and improvement of the legal regulation.
Preferences and Orientations of Social Work Students towards Methods and Forms of Professional Practice
Authors: Mehandzhiyska Ginka
Published: October 2021

This article presents results from research on preferences of social work students (n=60) towards particular methods and forms when practicing their profession. A conceptual model has been applied, where measurements and analysis lead to identification of two methodological orientations: micro- and macro-orientation. Based on research data conclussions are made about the profile of the students' interests for practicing the social work profession in particular areas and settings. Presented analysis concludes that social work education prepares professionals with profiles relevant to the needs of social work practice.
Career Guidance and Counseling and Personal Career Management – New Competencies for Pedagogical Specialists
Authors: Sharlanova Valentina
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes main documents from the legislation of secondary education. The new function of pedagogical specialists „career guidance and counseling“ has been highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the professional portfolio as a tool for career development. The problem of the formation of career guidance and counseling competences and career management competencies is outlined. Good practices in basic university training of pedagogues in relation to the formation of these competences are presented. These include updating curricula and programs, introducing new courses. Recommendations and conclusions are formulated.