bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI DAYA ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK KULIT TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum, Cav.) PADA MENCIT JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENIN
Authors: Priamsari Margareta Retno , Krismonikawati Rina Ayu
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Inflammation is a normal response to injury due to release of chemical mediators such as

prostaglandins. Solanum betaceum Cav. skin contains flavonoid compounds. This study aims to

determine the antiinflammatory power and the effect of variations in the dose of ethanolic extract

of the skin of Solanum betaceum Cav on Swiss male strain mice caragenin-induced. The ethanolic

extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin was obtained using remaseration method with 96% ethanol

solvent. Antiinflammatory power test using edema formation method with induction of caragenin

1% intraplantar 30 minutes before administration of the test material. Tests were carried out on 25

mice records which were divided into 5 groups namely negative control (0.5% CMC Na

suspension), positive control (diclofenac sodium suspension in 0.5% CMC Na dose 7 mg/kgBW)

and given suspension respectively. Dutch eggplant skin ethanolic extract in CMC Na 0.5% dose 70

mg/kgBW; 140 mg/kgBW; 280 mg/kgBW orally. The parameters observed were edema thickness

measured using calipers at 30 minute intervals for 360 minutes. The results of edema thickness difference are used to calculate the Area Under Curve (AUC) and the percentage of

antiinflammatory power (% AIP). Dat a were analyzed statistically with the One Way Anova test

and continued by the Post Hoc Test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the

ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin contains flavonoid compounds and has

antiinflammatory power. The greater the dose of ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin,

the greater the anti-inflammatory power.

Keywords: Solanum betaceum Cav., antinflammation, caragenin
Upaya Pemberantasan Buta Aksara Melalui Pelatihan Membaca Menulis Berhitung (CALISTUNG) di Kampung Pendidikan
Authors: MS Nur Hafsah Yunus , Andriani Andriani , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah
Published: March 2020

Tujuan pelatihan membaca, menulis, dan berhitung (Calistung) adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia, mengurangi tingkat kebodohan yang merupakan sumber dari kemiskinan. Diharapkan dengan adanya pelatihan membaca, menulis, dan berhitung (Calistung) dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat dengan saling memahami yang dikerjakan baik tulisan maupun fakta lisan. Metode yang digunakan adalah melalui pendekatan kepada warga buta aksara dengan menggunakan metode alpabet. Dengan demikian, Kelompok Kampung Pendidikan Desa Kuajang Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar memiliki akses untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dibidang teknologi dan informasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam kegiatan ini adalah terjadinya peningkatan kemampuan membaca, menulis, dan berhitung masyarakat Desa Kuajang sebagai salah salah satu bentuk upaya pemberantasan buta aksara pada masyarakat Desa Kuajang Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar.
Proapoptotic Mitochondrial Carrier Homolog Protein PSAP Mediates Death Receptor 6 Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Jingtian , Zhao Zhizhuang Joe , Fu Xueqi , Niu Han , Hu Chen , Dong Yunzhou , Cui Mei-Zhen , Zhang Fuqiang , Zeng Linlin , Xu Xuemin
Published: March 2020

Presenilin-associated protein (PSAP) was originally identified as a mitochondrial proapoptotic protein. To further explore the apoptotic pathway that involves PSAP, our yeast two-hybrid screen revealed that PSAP interacts with a death receptor, DR6. DR6 is a relatively less common member of the death receptor family and has been shown to mediate the neurotoxicity of amyloid-β, mutant SOD1, and prion proteins and has also been implicated in the regulation of immune cell proliferation and differentiation. Our previous study showed that DR6 induces apoptosis via a unique mitochondria-dependent pathway different from the conventional death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Thus, the interaction of DR6 with PSAP established a direct molecular link between DR6 and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. We investigated the possible role of PSAP in DR6-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, it was discovered that knockdown of PSAP strongly inhibited DR6-induced apoptosis. To further elucidate the mechanism by which PSAP mediates DR6-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, our data demonstrated that knockdown of PSAP blocked DR6-induced Bax translocation and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. Moreover, it was found that both PSAP and DR6 form complexes with Bax, but at different subcellular locations. The DR6-Bax complex was detected in the cytosolic fraction while the PSAP-Bax complex was detected in the mitochondrial fraction. The observation that knockdown of DR6 significantly reduced the amount of PSAP-Bax complex detected in mitochondria suggests a possibility that DR6-bound Bax is transferred to PSAP upon interaction with PSAP at the mitochondria, leading to cytochrome c release and eventually apoptosis.
Infants Diagnosed with Spinal Muscular Atrophy and 4 SMN2 Copies through Newborn Screening – Opportunity or Burden?
Authors: Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Vill Katharina , Schwartz Oliver , Gläser Dieter , Nennstiel Uta , Wirth Brunhilde , Burggraf Siegfried , Röschinger Wulf , Becker Marc , Durner Jürgen , Eggermann Katja , Müller Christine , Hannibal Iris , Olgemöller Bernd , Schara Ulrike , Blaschek Astrid , Kölbel Heike
Published: March 2020

Although the value of newborn screening (NBS) for early detection and treatment opportunity in SMA patients is generally accepted, there is still an ongoing discussion about the best strategy in children with 4 and more copies of the SMN2 gene. This gene is known to be the most important but not the only disease modifier.

In our SMA-NBS pilot project in Germany comprising 278,970 infants screened between January 2018 and November 2019 were 38 positive cases with a homozygous SMN1 deletion. 40% of them had 4 or more SMN2 copies. The incidence for homozygous SMN1 deletion was 1 : 7350, which is within the known range of SMA incidence in Germany.

Of the 15 SMA children with 4 SMN2 copies, one child developed physical signs of SMA by the age of 8 months. Reanalysis of the SMN2 copy number by a different test method revealed 3 copies. Two children had affected siblings with SMA Type III, who were diagnosed only after detection of the index patient in the NBS. One had a positive family history with an affected aunt (onset of disease at the age of 3 years). Three families were lost to medical follow up; two because of socioeconomic reasons and one to avoid the psychological stress associated with the appointments.

Decisions on how to handle patients with 4 SMN2 copies are discussed in the light of the experience gathered from our NBS pilot SMA program.
A PILOT STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF AN INDIGENOUS ANTICANCER FORMULATION (AC 2 COMPOUND) IN PATIENTS OF CANCER
Authors: Radheyshyam Sharma  , Anamika Soni
Published: March 2020

Cancer is second to coronary artery disease as being the commonest cause of death in the western world. As many as 2,500 persons die every day due to tobacco-related diseases in India One woman dies of cervical cancer every 8 minutes in India. In Modern medicine, the available treatment modalities viz chemotherapy and radiotherapy cause decrease in immunity, decreased Quality of life, poor tolerance to surgery and altered efficacy of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. Ancient Ayurveda classics have described about tumours as arbuda.  Ayurveda can be helpful in the management of cancer in many ways, as prophylactic, palliative, curative & supportive and no doubt it helps to improve quality of life (QOL) as adjuvant or co therapy along with chemotherapy or radio therapy & Post surgery care, to minimize the side effects of these therapies. So, the current pilot study was done to evaluate the effect of an hypothetical compound (AC Compound) in the patients of Cancer. A significant improvement in some of subjective parameters like general well being, pain, indigestion, constipation and headache was seen in patients as a result of therapy the results encourage more exploration and clinical trials in this field.

Keywords:  Immunity, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Arbuda, AC compound
La poética o retórica subalterna en la loa El divino Narciso de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Authors: Lizana Miranda Paola
Published: March 2020

En el siguiente análisis intentamos, por una parte, contextualizar la loa El divino Narciso de sor Juana Inés de Cruz dentro de los paradigmas estéticos y culturales de su época. Y por otra, reactualizar la lectura crítica de ella desde la perspectiva de una retórica o poética subalterna, entendiendo esto último como la deconstrucción literaria y su posterior reorganización de las significaciones que justificaron el colonialismo. Lo anterior  tiene por finalidad dar cuenta cómo, mediante la manipulación precisa de los códigos hegemónicos, se logra invertir los contenidos simbólicos de una de las representaciones más tempranas y persistentes del continente americano: la figura América-mujer, imagen que naturalizó y justificó su alteridad.
Para una estética de la vida cotidiana: naturaleza, potencia y cuerpo en Spinoza y Marx
Authors: Cápona González Daniela
Published: March 2020

En el presente artículo se analizan y vinculan las nociones de naturaleza, cuerpo y potencia a partir de Spinoza y Marx, en virtud de los cuales se plantea que la exteriorización del hombre y su esencia es no solo social, sino productiva en el sentido de praxis y actividad de sí mismo y lo social. En este sentido, este acto de producción en el mundo contemporáneo está enmarcado en la experiencia cotidiana de habitar la ciudad, la cual, bajo el alero del capitalismo, ha sido reducida a una estética del hábitat a partir de procesos de dominación material y subjetiva, que ostentan la estandarización de las prácticas sociales, escindiendo la potencia del hombre, invirtiendo el orden afectivo y por tanto escindiendo la corporalidad y el ámbito cognitivo de los hombres.
Un caballo de madera: Arthur Danto y la definición del arte como problema
Authors: Morales Camilo Andrés
Published: March 2020

Una de las problemáticas más recurrente y también más importante para el mundo del arte del siglo XX, tanto el filosófico como el de los artistas, fue la salida de la belleza como el único relato legitimador de un objeto del que se pretendía el estatus de arte. En tal sentido, la reflexión que Arthur Coleman Danto, filósofo del arte norteamericano (en sus orígenes –aunque no solo en ellos– filósofo analítico), ha hecho carrera como una de las posturas teóricas para enfrentarse al arte después de la belleza y, además, para sustentar la necesidad de una definición del mismo a pesar de la entropía propia del siglo XX, que implicó el advenimiento del arte como producción humana determinada tanto por la belleza como por la fealdad, el asco, la industria y un largo etcétera.
La herencia Ockhamista en la filosofía política y jurídica moderna
Authors: Miralbell Ignacio , Suazo Simón
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo trata de mostrar y demostrar la influencia del voluntarismo tardo-medieval –tanto en su versión escotista como principalmente en la ockhamista– en la filosofía política y jurídica moderna. Parte exponiendo en forma sintética los principios fundamentales de la filosofía de Ockham para luego analizar algunas de sus consecuencias, entre las que destacan el contingentismo de la ley y el individualismo metodológico.
Dampak Kepemimpinan, Budaya Organisasi dan Perilaku Kerja Inovatif Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Puskesmas
Authors: Purwanto Agus , Asbari Masduki , Prameswari Mirza , Ramdan Mohamad , Setiawan Samuel
Published: March 2020

Dalam dunia layanan jasa kesehatan yang kompetitif saat ini, banyak organisasi menghadapi perubahan yang cepat, termasuk Puskesmas. Oleh karena itu Puskesmas harus fokus pada perilaku kerja inovatif (KI) untuk mendapatkan keunggulan kompetitif. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh kepemimpinan transformational dan iklim organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai Puskesmas melalui perilaku kerja inovatif sebagai mediasi dengan mengambil Puskesmas di Pati Jawa Tengah Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel acak sederhana melalui elektronik terhadap populasi karyawan Puskesmas di Kabupaten Pati di Indonesia. Hasil kuesioner yang dikembalikan dan valid adalah 92 sampel. Pemrosesan data menggunakan metode SEM dengan perangkat lunak SmartPLS 3.0. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala likert. Hasil peneliian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transformational dan iklim organisasi memberikan efek positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Puskesmas, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui mediasi perilaku kerja inovatif. Perilaku kerja yang inovatif memiliki efek positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja  pegawai. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah model untuk membangun kinerja pegawai dalam lingkup Puskesmas melalui kepemimpinan transformational dan iklim organisasi dengan pembelajaran organisasi sebagai mediasi.
Pluralisme Agama Bukan Nihilisme: Respon Untuk Kaum Fundamentalis
Authors: Moh. Shofan
Published: March 2020

This article will see the problem of pluralism through multi- dimensional approach. The plural society is not only the characteristic of modern industrial society, but also the characteristic of Islamic society, since the Prophet (PBUH) era. Normatively, al-Quran clearly rejects the exclusif way of life. In todays life, admitting diversity but having no will to create harmony will cause an unendless problem. Pluralism is the divine design which must be applied in manner and action. This must not stop in the discourse, but more practical. Human being is not merely a homo pluralist, who appreciate the diversity, but homo multiculturalist, who believe that in a plural relation there must be build real actions based on equality and justice.
Oposisi Anwar Ibrahim Dan Politik Malaysia
Authors: Herdi Sahrasad
Published: March 2020

Anwar Ibrahim's political future to lead Malaysia is more opened. Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that he wins the coming election. On behalf of the opposition alliance he leads, Anwar will launch  his campaign for the Justice Party, and he would join hands with the pluralists and Chinese race-based parties in Malaysia. In one posting on Twitter on 9/1/2012, Anwar vowed to overthrow the Malaysian government, what the so-called a corrupt regime Under Anwar Ibrahim's opposition movement, there is a strong tendency that the livelihood of Malaysian society, especially in the field of political education, is experiencing a stage of "silent reform" (reform silently) that is structured and led by the educated middle class with the main objective to uphold democracy, clean and good governance.
Powering The World With Hydrogen
Authors: Theresia Asteria
Published: March 2020

The global energy consumption has been on the rise worldwide as developing nations begin to industrialize and as consumers in developed nations buy more energy consuming appliances to make life more comfort- able. If the current trends continue, we may face an energy shortage in future. The phrase "hydrogen economy" refers to programs at using hydrogen as an energy carrier to replace hydrocarbon fuels and reduce emissions pro- duced by their consumption. Technologies such as fuel cells developed for cars, buses, power generation and other applications, along with the infra- structural implications of their broad and increasing use, are being de- monstrated in many countries around the world. Activities related to the hydrogen economy are covered on a country by country basis, where applicable.
Perang Wacana Islam Liberal Versus Islam Fundamental
Authors: Herdi Sahrasad
Published: March 2020

One of the new phenomenon in religious discourse in Indonesia is the discourse war between liberal Islam versus fundamental Islam. The birth of Liberal Islam has attracted response from fundamental Islam in which the latter use oftenly a hard, crude and rouge language to corner the liberal muslim. This article try to trace back the wrestle and contestation between liberal and fundamental muslim in public sphere to snatch away structure of political opportunity. Whether or not this contestation continues, to some extent this depend on the liberal and fundamental muslim themselves in spreading their influence and teaching in the grassroot level and public sphere.
The Theoretical Reflection of Islamo-Fascism and Darul Islam Movement in Indonesia
Authors: Al Chaidar  , Teuku Syahrul Ansari  , Irfan Iryadi  , Dedy Tabrani
Published: March 2020

This study regarding the theoretical reflection of Islam-fascism and Darul Islam movement in Indonesia. History of Islam in Indonesia is also the history of power struggle (caliphate) which has not been completed until now. At that time Islam respecting plurality and respect the existing culture. The spirit of pluralism and tolerance enforced developed with enriched intellectual repertoire. Increasingly repressive and hegemonic states, bulldoze people across ethnic, class, and layers. Political regimentation of Suharto's New Order devastated spirit of nationality and humanity. Therefore, the intellectuals and the elite of Islam must find a way out of the crises of social, economic, and political ideology today, so that no reform has stagnated, so that this nation does not disintegrate. Giddens called political "third way" to emphasize the "no rights without responsibilities". In the era of the Prophet of Islam, "no rights without responsibilities" that accentuated in the Medina Charter, which guarantees the freedom, equality and justice. In the Islamic era Cordova, Spain, spirit and conception" Medina Charter" that then make their community a pluralistic, cosmopolitan, multicultural and universal, so they are willing to learn and accept everything of value from the experiences of other communities.
Universal Values and Muslim Democracy
Authors: Anwar Ibrahim
Published: March 2020

This study deals with Universal Values and Muslim Democracy. This essay draws upon speeches that he gave at the New York Democ- racy Forum in December 2005 and the Assembly of the World Movement for Democracy in Istanbul in April 2006. The emergence of Muslim democracies is something significant and worthy of our attention. Yet with the clear exceptions of Indonesia and Turkey, the Muslim world today is a place where autocracies and dictatorships of various shades and degrees continue their parasitic hold on the people, gnawing away at their newfound freedoms. It concludes that the human desire to be free and to lead a dignified life is universal. So is the abhorrence of despotism and oppression. These are passions that motivate not only Muslims but people from all civilizations.
Effect of Thickness on Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of Copper (Cu) Doped Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) Thin Films by Vacuum Evaporation Method
Authors: Rahman MM , Das C , Rahaman MM , Hussain KMA , Choudhury S
Published: March 2020

Effect of thickness on structural, optical and morphological properties of 2% copper (Cu) doped zinc selenide (ZnSe) thin films, grown onto chemically and ultrasonically cleaned glass substrate by thermal evaporation method in high vacuum (~10-6 Torr) were studied. Films of 100, 200, 300 and 400 nm thickness were prepared at 200℃ substrate temperature where annealing temperature and annealing time was fixed at 100℃ and 1 hour respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibited polycrystalline nature indicating the zinc-blende structure with a preferential orientation along the (111) plane of cubic phase. The grain size was found to be 19.27 nm. Dislocation density and microstrain were also found as 2.691 × 10-3 nm-2 and 1.85 × 10-3 respectively. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) study confirmed the growth of grains and their distribution over the entire surface of the films. All the films were characterized optically by UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer in the photon wavelength ranging from 300 to 1000 nm. The optical transmittance and reflectance were utilized to compute the absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and band gap energy of the films. The calculated band gap energy was found to increase (2.99 to 3.94 ev) with varying thickness. The maximum transmittance was found to be 87.65% for the 400 nm film.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 2, 159-168, 2019
Evolution of Ukrainian Annual National Program since 2015 as response to changing information environment and hybrid threats
Authors: Izhutova Iryna
Published: March 2020

This article aims at researching the evolution and change of structure and content of the Ukrainian Annual National Program (ANP) since 2015 as response to ongoing hybrid warfare and addressing new hybrid threats. Strategic Communications are in focus of the research. It is underscored the flexibility of the program in line with ongoing reforms in Ukraine which cover all the spheres.
Method for designed and adaptation of complex organization and technical systems
Authors: Horbenko Volodymyr , Korshetc Olena , Korolyuk Natalia , Nevgad Sergey
Published: March 2020

The results of the researches published in the article will be useful to specialists who study the problems of the organization and synthesis a complex organizational and technical systems (COTS) and their management. The article discusses the existing approaches to determining the forms of applying and methods for completing tasks of the COTS in various industries (fields) of activity. The analysis of the mutual relations among the forms of applying and methods for completing tasks of the COTS with their levels, tasks and capabilities is carried out. The main dependencies between the forms of applying and the ways of completing the tasks of COTS are determined. A new methodological approach to the synthesis and formalization of the structure, the definition of forms of applying and ways for completing tasks of SOTS is proposed.

Based on the analysis of existing views on the research topic, it was determined that the lack of a unified approach does not give a clear answer how the functioning conditions, volume of tasks, available capabilities of COTS and its elements affect the definition of the forms of applying and ways of completing tasks at different levels of the COTS structure in each specific industry (sphere) of activity.

The published results indicate that the effectiveness of the COTS functioning will depend of the industry (sphere) of activity, the forms of its applying and methods of completing tasks, which, in turn, is the realization of the capabilities of the system and its elements of a certain level of structure. It is determined that the discrepancies in the capabilities of the COTS elements to perform a certain amount of tasks are the basis for justifying the direction to improvement (adaptation) of the COTS existing structure.

Based on the proposed methodological approach, the directions of further research are defined: the creation of tasks system for COTS elements at all levels in various industries (fields) of its activity; the formation a single system for COTS forms of applying and all its elements, taking into account the tasks defined for each specific industry (sphere) of activity; study of the mutual relations between tasks, opportunities, forms of applying, the influence of internal and external factors, as interacting entities, with the aim of determining ways to complete tasks by the COTS elements of various levels.
Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Anisakis typica Larvae in Two Species of Threadfin Bream, Nemipterus hexodon and N. japonicus, from the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Tunya Rattanachai , Wongsawad Chalobol , Wongsawad Pheravut , Chai Jong-Yil
Published: March 2020

The third stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis typica were detected in 2 species of threadfin bream, Nemipterus hexodon and N. japonicus, from the Gulf of Thailand, and were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Total 100 threadfin breams, 50 Nemipterus hexodon and 50 N. japonicus, were examined with naked eyes after the opening of abdominal cavity with scissors. Almost all infected larvae remained alive and active even the fish were transported for 1-2 days. Anisakid larvae were exclusively distributed in the body cavity and rarely in the liver. The prevalence of A. typica L3 were 68.0% and 60.0% in N. hexodon and N. japonicus and their infection intensities were 3.5 and 4.2 per fish infected each. Morphological and morphometric analysis were performed by viewing specimens under both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Interestingly, the protruded mucron of Anisakis typica under SEM showed a distinct cylindrical shape that differed from the cone shape of A. simplex. The protruded mucron could be used to identify A. typica L3 larvae in the future. A comparison of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA nucleotide sequences of these species revealed high blast scores with A. typica. Conclusively, it was confirmed that A. typica L3 are prevalent in threadfin breams from the Gulf of Thailand, and their morphological and molecular characters are something different from those of other anisakid larvae, including A. simplex and A. pegreffii.
Identification and Molecular Analysis of Ixodid Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Infesting Domestic Animals and Tick-Borne Pathogens at the Tarim Basin of Southern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhao Li , Lv Jizhou , Li Fei , Li Kairui , He Bo , Zhang Luyao , Han Xueqing , Wang Huiyu , Johnson Nicholas , Lin Xiangmei , Wu Shaoqiang , Liu Yonghong
Published: March 2020

Livestock husbandry is vital to economy of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. However, there have been few surveys of the distribution of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne pathogens affecting domestic animals at these locations. In this study, 3,916 adult ixodid ticks infesting domestic animals were collected from 23 sampling sites during 2012-2016. Ticks were identified to species based on morphology, and the identification was confirmed based on mitochondrial 16S and 12S rRNA sequences. Ten tick species belonging to 4 genera were identified, including Rhipicephalus turanicus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Rh. bursa, H. asiaticum asiaticum, and Rh. sanguineus. DNA sequences of Rickettsia spp. (spotted fever group) and Anaplasma spp. were detected in these ticks. Phylogenetic analyses revealed possible existence of undescribed Babesia spp. and Borrelia spp. This study illustrates potential threat to domestic animals and humans from tick-borne pathogens.
Dysentery Caused by Balantidium coli in China
Authors: Yu Peixia , Rong JianRong , Zhang Yan , Du Jingjing
Published: March 2020

Balantidium coli human infection predominantly occurs in tropical and subtropical regions in the world. Human case is extremely rare in China. This report details a case of B. coli infection in a 68-year-old man in China, who presented with history of abdominal pain, tenesmus, diarrhea with blood and was diagnosed as B. coli-caused dysentery. Our case indicates possible occurrence of Balantidium coli-related disease in cooler climates. This case is presented not only because of its rarity but also for future references.
Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis on Imported Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri Malaria Cases from West and South Africa during 2013-2016
Authors: Shin Hyun-Il , Ku Bora , Kim Yu Jung , Kim Tae Yun , Cho Shin-Hyeong , Lee Sang-Eun
Published: March 2020

Majority of the imported malaria cases in Korea is attributed to Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections, whereas P. malariae and P. ovale infections are very rare. Falciparum and ovale malaria are mostly imported from Africa, while most of the vivax malaria cases are imported from Southeast Asia. Here, we report 6 Korean imported ovale malaria cases (4 males and 2 females) who had visited in Africa during 2013-2016. These subjects were diagnosed with P. ovale based on microscopic findings, Plasmodium species-specific nested-PCR, and phylogenetic clade using 18S rRNA gene sequences. We identified 2 P. ovale subtypes, 1 P. ovale curtisi (classic type) and 5 P. ovale wallikeri (variant type). All patients were treated with chloroquine and primaquine, and no relapse or recrudescence was reported for 1 year after treatment. With increase of travelers to the countries where existing Plasmodium species, the risk of Plasmodium infection is also increasing. Molecular monitoring for imported malaria parasites should be rigorously and continuously performed to enable diagnosis and certification of Plasmodium spp.
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Restricts the Intracellular Growth of Toxoplasma gondii by Inducing SIRT1-Mediated Autophagy in Macrophages
Authors: lee Jina , Choi Jae-Won , Han Hye Young , Kim Woo Sik , Song Ha-Yeon , Byun Eui-Baek , Byun Eui-Hong , Lee Young-Ha , Yuk Jae-Min
Published: March 2020

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects approximately one third of the human popu- lation worldwide. Considering the toxicity and side effects of anti-toxoplasma medications, it is important to develop effec- tive drug alternatives with fewer and less severe off-target effects. In this study, we found that 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4- HBA) induced autophagy and the expression of NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Interestingly, treatment of BMDMs with 4-HBA significantly reduced the number of macrophages infected with T. gondii and the proliferation of T. gondii in infected cells. This effect was impaired by pretreating the macrophages with 3-methyladenine or wortmannin (selective autophagy inhibitors) or with sirtinol or EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitors). Moreover, we found that pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 prevented 4-HBA-mediated expres- sion of LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II) and the colocalization of T. gondii parasitophorous vacuoles with autophagosomes in BMDMs. These data suggest that 4-HBA promotes antiparasitic host responses by activating SIRT1- mediated autophagy, and 4-HBA might be a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.
Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of Echinostoma revolutum from Red-Crowned Crane (Grus japonensis)
Authors: Ran Rongkun , Zhao Qi , Abuzeid Asmaa M. I. , Huang Yue , Liu Yunqiu , Sun Yongxiang , He Long , Li Xiu , Liu Jumei , Li Guoqing
Published: March 2020

Echinostoma revolutum is a zoonotic food-borne intestinal trematode that can cause intestinal bleeding, enteritis, and diarrhea in human and birds. To identify a suspected E. revolutum trematode from a red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) and to reveal the genetic characteristics of its mitochondrial (mt) genome, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and complete mt genome sequence of this trematode were amplified. The results identified the trematode as E. revolutum. Its entire mt genome sequence was 15,714 bp in length, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and one non-coding region (NCR), with 61.73% A+T base content and a significant AT preference. The length of the 22 tRNA genes ranged from 59 bp to 70 bp, and their secondary structure showed the typical cloverleaf and D-loop structure. The length of the large subunit of rRNA (rrnL) and the small subunit of rRNA (rrnS) gene was 1,011 bp and 742 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic trees showed that E. revolutum and E. miyagawai clustered together, belonging to Echinostomatidae with Hypoderaeum conoideum. This study may enrich the mitochondrial gene database of Echinostoma trematodes and provide valuable data for studying the molecular identification and phylogeny of some digenean trematodes.
Pengaruh model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan video dan problem based learning terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa
Authors: Wabula Mira , Papilaya Pamella Mercy , Rumahlatu Dominggus
Published: March 2020

The low motivation and cognitive learning outcomes of students can be caused by errors in the selection and use of learning models in the class. This study aims to determine the effect of discovery video learning and problem-based learning model (PBL) on motivation and learning outcomes of class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Ambon. The research method used was a quasi-experimental research design using a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The sample used was grade X MIPA-6 and X MIPA-7 students. The instrument used was a questionnaire containing 30 items to measure motivation and 60 multiple choice questions to measure cognitive learning outcomes. Motivational data and student learning outcomes were analyzed with the ANCOVA test. The results showed that there was no effect of the discovery-assisted learning model and the PBL learning model on student motivation (p> 0.742). But there is an influence of learning models of learning with the help of the discovery and PBL learning models on cognitive learning outcomes (p <0.003). The conclusion of this study, the discovery learning model and PBL learning model do not affect motivation but affect cognitive learning outcomes.
Glasstexts: Seeing Through Rossetti's Material Word
Authors: Roe Dinah
Published: March 2020

Rossetti's relationship to the material has always received critical attention, most recently in the work of Matthew Polotsky and Brian Donnelly. Eric Fontana has investigated the speech acts in his poems, but no work has considered words themselves as material objects in Rossetti's poetry. Focusing exclusively on instances of glass inscription in Rossetti's poems, I show how the poet's material words recognise reading and writing as visual experiences we sometimes forget we are having. By analysing inscribed glass in three key Dante Gabriel Rossetti poems, ‘Words On The Window-Pane’, ‘Jenny’, and ‘Rose Mary’, I investigate the ways in which Rossetti's glasstexts assume the duality of the surfaces on which they appear, arguing that they draw our attention to words as both things and pictures of things. I suggest that scratched, scrawled and engraved words enhance the contradictions and complications inherent in glass, and intensify the complex interplay between transitivity and reflection that defines the experience of reading itself. I also argue that these glasstexts are of their historical moment because, as Isobel Armstrong has shown, they are preoccupied with surface markings that betray glass as visible mediation, revealing its dual function as medium and barrier.
Current Trends in Kombucha: Marketing Perspectives and the Need for Improved Sensory Research
Authors: Kim Juyoung , Adhikari Koushik
Published: March 2020

Kombucha is a fermented functional beverage that started as a homemade beverage and grew into a commercial product in the U.S. by the turn of this century. The number of companies producing kombucha, as well as the variety of kombucha products, is increasing rapidly. The scientific research on kombucha also got active along with the growth in the market. The topics of kombucha research can be grouped into the substrate used in fermentation, the microbial composition of the cultures, processing methods, chemical composition, the health benefits and health risks associated with consumption, the utilization of symbiotic cultures of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBYs), etc. There are several already published in-depth scientific reviews covering these topics. Even with the sensory characteristics of kombucha being a critical aspect of the beverage, there are not many publications covering the sensory and consumer research on this beverage. This review paper aims to provide the current market status of kombucha and to show a need for scientific sensory and consumer research studies to help the kombucha researchers and industry working on this fast-growing beverage.
Three-Dimensional Model of Dorsal Root Ganglion Explant as a Method of Studying Neurotrophic Factors in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Klimovich Polina , Rubina Kseniya , Sysoeva Veronika , Semina Ekaterina
Published: March 2020

Neurotrophic factors play a key role in the development, differentiation, and survival of neurons and nerve regeneration. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of certain neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF, and GDNF) on axon growth and migration of Nestin-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive cells using a 3D model of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explant culture in Matrigel. Our method generally represents a convenient model for assessing the effects of soluble factors and therapeutic agents on axon growth and nerve regeneration in R&D studies. By analyzing the DRG explants in ex vivo culture for 21 days, one can evaluate the parameters of neurite outgrowth and the rate of cell migration from the DRG explants into the Matrigel. For the current study, we used Nestin-GFP-expressing mice in which neural precursors express Nestin and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the same promoter. We revealed that GDNF significantly (two fold) stimulated axon outgrowth (p < 0.05), but not BDNF or NGF. It is well-known that axon growth can be stimulated by activated glial cells that fulfill a trophic function for regenerating nerves. For this reason, we evaluated the number of Nestin-GFP-positive cells that migrated from the DRG into the Matrigel in our 3D ex vivo explant model. We found that NGF and GDNF, but not BDNF, stimulated the migration of Nestin-GFP cells compared to the control (p < 0.05). On the basis of the aforementioned finding, we concluded that GDNF had the greatest stimulating potential for axon regeneration, as it stimulated not only the axon outgrowth, but also glial cell migration. Although NGF significantly stimulated glial cell migration, its effect on axon growth was insufficient for axon regeneration.
Expression of Interleukin-6 and the Interleukin-6 Receptor Predicts the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Nakamura Koichi , Nakamura Tomoki , Iino Takahiro , Hagi Tomohito , Kita Kouji , Asanuma Kunihiro , Sudo Akihiro
Published: March 2020

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) affects the key parameters of oncogenesis, which increases the cell resistance to apoptosis, the proliferation of cancer cells, angiogenesis, invasion, malignancy, and the ability of tumor cells to respond to anticancer therapy. This study aimed to elucidate the association between IL-6 and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression in tissues and clinical outcomes in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) because, to our knowledge, this has not been done before. We enrolled 86 patients with histologically-proven localized STSs who underwent surgical resection. The cohort included 48 men and 38 women, with a mean age of 65.6 years. The mean follow-up duration was 40.5 months. The expression of IL-6 and IL-6R was immunohistochemically determined. We analyzed prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS). High IL-6 expression was observed in 23.3% (20/86), high IL-6R expression in 44.2% (38/86), and high expression of both in 16.3% (14/86) of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that a high expression of both IL-6 and IL-6R was a prognostic factor for OS and MFS. We found that this high expression indicated that the patient had a poor prognosis for OS and MFS.
Machine-Learning Methods for Computational Science and Engineering
Authors: Frank Michael , Drikakis Dimitris , Charissis Vassilis
Published: March 2020

The re-kindled fascination in machine learning (ML), observed over the last few decades, has also percolated into natural sciences and engineering. ML algorithms are now used in scientific computing, as well as in data-mining and processing. In this paper, we provide a review of the state-of-the-art in ML for computational science and engineering. We discuss ways of using ML to speed up or improve the quality of simulation techniques such as computational fluid dynamics, molecular dynamics, and structural analysis. We explore the ability of ML to produce computationally efficient surrogate models of physical applications that circumvent the need for the more expensive simulation techniques entirely. We also discuss how ML can be used to process large amounts of data, using as examples many different scientific fields, such as engineering, medicine, astronomy and computing. Finally, we review how ML has been used to create more realistic and responsive virtual reality applications.
Theoretical Study of a Class of Organic D-π-A Dyes for Polymer Solar Cells: Influence of Various π-Spacers
Authors: Trang Nguyen Van , Dung Tran Ngoc , Cuong Ngo Tuan , Hai Le Thi Hong , Escudero Daniel , Nguyen Minh Tho , Nguyen Hue Minh Thi
Published: March 2020

A class of D-π-A compounds that can be used as dyes for applications in polymer solar cells has theoretically been designed and studied, on the basis of the dyes recently shown by experiment to have the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE), namely the poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-butylhexylthio)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-TZNT] (PBDTS-TZNT) and poly[4,8-bis(4-fluoro-5-(2-butylhexylthio)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-TZNT] (PBDTSF-TZNT) substances. Electronic structure theory computations were carried out with density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods in conjunction with the 6−311G (d, p) basis set. The PBDTS donor and the TZNT (naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis(2-octyl-[1,2,3]triazole)) acceptor components were established from the original substances upon replacement of long alkyl groups within the thiophene and azole rings with methyl groups. In particular, the effects of several π-spacers were investigated. The calculated results confirmed that dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d] silole (DTS) acts as an excellent π-linker, even better than the thiophene bridge in the original substances in terms of well-known criteria. Indeed, a PBDTS-DTS-TZNT combination forms a D-π-A substance that has a flatter structure, more rigidity in going from the neutral to the cationic form, and a better conjugation than the original compounds. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap of such a D-π-A substance becomes smaller and its absorption spectrum is more intense and red-shifted, which enhances the intramolecular charge transfer and makes it a promising candidate to attain higher PCEs.
A Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on EEMD-WSST Signal Reconstruction and Multi-Scale Entropy
Authors: Ge Jianghua , Niu Tianyu , Xu Di , Yin Guibin , Wang Yaping
Published: March 2020

Feature extraction is one of the challenging problems in fault diagnosis, and it has a direct bearing on the accuracy of fault diagnosis. Therefore, in this paper, a new method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), wavelet semi-soft threshold (WSST) signal reconstruction, and multi-scale entropy (MSE) is proposed. First, the EEMD method is applied to decompose the vibration signal into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and then, the high-frequency IMFs, which contain more noise information, are screened by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Then, the WSST method is applied for denoising the high-frequency part of the signal to reconstruct the signal. Secondly, the MSE method is applied for calculating the MSE values of the reconstructed signal, to construct an eigenvector with the complexity measure. Finally, the eigenvector is input to a support vector machine (SVM) to find the fault diagnosis results. The experimental results prove that the proposed method, with a better classification performance, can better solve the problem of the effective signal and noise mixed in high-frequency signals. Based on the proposed method, the fault types can be accurately identified with an average classification accuracy of 100%.
Landauer’s Principle in a Quantum Szilard Engine without Maxwell’s Demon
Authors: Aydin Alhun , Sisman Altug , Kosloff Ronnie
Published: March 2020

Quantum Szilard engine constitutes an adequate interplay of thermodynamics, information theory and quantum mechanics. Szilard engines are in general operated by a Maxwell’s Demon where Landauer’s principle resolves the apparent paradoxes. Here we propose a Szilard engine setup without featuring an explicit Maxwell’s demon. In a demonless Szilard engine, the acquisition of which-side information is not required, but the erasure and related heat dissipation still take place implicitly. We explore a quantum Szilard engine considering quantum size effects. We see that insertion of the partition does not localize the particle to one side, instead creating a superposition state of the particle being in both sides. To be able to extract work from the system, particle has to be localized at one side. The localization occurs as a result of quantum measurement on the particle, which shows the importance of the measurement process regardless of whether one uses the acquired information or not. In accordance with Landauer’s principle, localization by quantum measurement corresponds to a logically irreversible operation and for this reason it must be accompanied by the corresponding heat dissipation. This shows the validity of Landauer’s principle even in quantum Szilard engines without Maxwell’s demon.
Separation of BTX Fraction from Reservoir Brines by Sorption onto Hydrophobized Biomass in a Fixed-Bed-Column System
Authors: Knapik Ewa , Chruszcz-Lipska Katarzyna , Stopa Jerzy , Marszałek Marta , Makara Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Oily brine from the gas and oil industries remains the most difficult wastewater to treat due to its complex chemical composition, which includes aromatic hydrocarbons. Even at low concentrations, the presence of BTX (benzene, toluene, xylenes) can be extremely harmful to aquatic ecosystems. Fixed-bed adsorption columns are recommended for oily water treatment due to their flexibility and easy operation. In this research, pine sawdust modified with polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) and hydrophobic nanosilica was applied as a sorbent in a filtration system. The surface modification of raw fiber allowed to change its morphology and increase the roughness of it. The Yoon–Nelson, Bohart–Adams, Clark, and Belter models were applied to simulate continuous biosorption. The Bohart–Adams model strongly correlated with the experimental data and described the whole dynamic behavior of the column. The effect of feed flow rate (10–50 mL/min) on breakthrough characteristics was determined. Both the breakthrough and saturation time decreased as the flow rate increased. This study indicated that hydrophobized pine sawdust is an effective low-cost potential biosorbent for the removal of BTX fraction from produced water in continuous column mode.
An Analytical Solution for Transient Productivity Prediction of Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells in Tight Gas Reservoirs Considering Nonlinear Porous Flow Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wan Jifang , Mu Langfeng , Shen Ruichen , Jurado Maria Jose , Ye Yufeng
Published: March 2020

Multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHW) is one of the most effective technologies to develop tight gas reservoirs. The gas seepage from tight formations in MFHW can be divided into three stages: early stage with high productivity, transitional stage with declined productivity, and final stage with stable productivity. Considering the characteristics and mechanisms of porous flows in different regions and at different stages, we derive three coupled equations, namely the equations of porous flow from matrix to fracture, from fracture to near wellbore region, and from new wellbore region to wellbore then an unstable productivity prediction model for a MFHW in a tight gas reservoir is well established. Then, the reliability of this new model, which considers the multi-fracture interference, is verified using a commercial simulator (CMG). Finally, using this transient productivity prediction model, the sensitivity of horizontal well’s productivity to several relevant factors is analyzed. The results illustrate that threshold pressure gradient has the most significant influence on well productivity, followed by stress sensitivity, turbulence flow, and slippage flow. To summarize, the proposed model has demonstrated a potential practical usage to predict the productivity of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells and to analyze the effects of certain factors on gas production in tight gas reservoirs.