bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aufbereiten wird effizienter
Authors: König Romy
Published: March 2016

Der Markt ist ausgereizt, die Technik ausgereift. Hersteller konzentrieren sich nun auf alles, was Kliniken sparen hilft.
Immer der gleiche Käse
Authors: Kittner Michael , Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Wenig Abwechslung, lieblos serviert, manchmal Schimmelgeschmack: Das Helios-Klinikum Berlin-Buch hat sein ehrgeiziges Verpflegungskonzept mit einem privaten Caterer für gescheitert erklärt. Als neuer Lieferant sprang der öffentliche Klinikverbund Vivantes ein. Eine ungewöhnliche Konstellation.
Der mutige Mainzer
Authors: Kittner Michael
Published: March 2016

Im Mainzer Infusionsskandal hat Norbert Pfeiffer Mitarbeitern und Öffentlichkeit zu jeder Zeit die Wahrheit gesagt. Sein Verhalten ist in der Branche fast zur Legende geworden. Doch woraus speist Pfeiffer seinen Mut und seine Aufrichtigkeit? Aus seinem protestantischen Glauben und der Einsicht, dass Lügen langfristig schädlich sind.
Gefahren managen
Authors: Beutel Jörg
Published: March 2016

Verbandsnachrichten der FKT - Fachvereinigung Krankenhaustechnik (e. V.). Diese Seiten sind nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Wunsch und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Paquet Robert
Published: March 2016

Der deutsche Export boomt. Auch die Gesundheitsbranche soll ihr Scherflein dazu beitragen. Während sich die Medizintechnik zum kräftigen Standbein entwickelt hat, werden Krankenhäuser „Made in Germany“ noch lange ein Wunschtraum der Wirtschaftspolitik bleiben. Gefragt sind Know-how-Transfer und humanitäre Hilfe.
Aber bitte mit Service!
Authors: Meixner Sarah
Published: March 2016

Die Ansprüche an die Caterer wachsen: Kliniken wünschen sich mehr als praktische und wirtschaftliche Versorgungskonzepte. Die Zufriedenheit des Patienten geht durch den Magen, so meinen sie, und setzen auf Qualität und Ambiente.
Die Ordentliche Mitgliedschaft in der FKT
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: March 2016

Verbandsnachrichten der FKT - Fachvereinigung Krankenhaustechnik (e. V.). Diese Seiten sind nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Ein Menü, das allen schmeckt
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: March 2016

Verbandsnachrichten der FKT - Fachvereinigung Krankenhaustechnik (e. V.). Diese Seiten sind nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Die Kassenfamilie als Zahlmeister
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Anfang April war Doris Pfeiffer, Vorsitzende des Spitzenverbands der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung, zu Gast im Gesundheitsausschuss des Bundestages. Gut möglich, dass es auch um die finanzielle Lage einiger ihrer Mitgliedskassen ging: beispielsweise der DAK, oder auch der KKH. Denn beide sind in Schwierigkeiten. Zu Jahresbeginn haben sie sich mit der Vereinten Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (Verdi) an einen Tisch gesetzt, um über einen so genannten „Ergänzungstarifvertrag zur Regelung der Arbeitszeit“ zu verhandeln. Bislang waren Notlagentarifverträge eher etwas für Unternehmen in krisengebeutelten Branchen, wie zum Beispiel dem Bau.
Die Augen in die Zukunft
Authors: Dirks Claudia
Published: March 2016

Deutsche Medizinprodukte sind Exportschlager. Hierzulande kommen die teuren Innovationen oft nicht zum Einsatz. Die Krankenkassen verweisen auf marginale Verbesserungen bei erheblichen Mehrkosten. In Rostock-Warnemünde wird am 27. und 28. Juni 2011 diskutiert, was Innovationen können müssen.
Von Klinikmanagern für Klinikmanager
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Die klassischen Flip-Chart-Lehrer haben ausgedient. Praxisbezug steht für Seminarteilnehmer in der Gesundheitsbranche ganz oben: Wer Teambuilding lehrt, sollte ein eigenes Team leiten, wer über Kennzahlen doziert, das alltägliche Controlling-Chaos kennen.
Geld vernünftig untergebracht
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Die Rhön-Klinikum AG hat in ihrer Bilanzpressekonferenz im April dieses Jahres wieder hervorragende Zahlen vorgelegt. Das Unternehmen erwirtschaftet eine Umsatzrendite von 5,7 Prozent. Trotz dieses Traumergebnisses schwächelt der Aktienkurs seit Jahren. Über die Gründe, die neue strategische Ausrichtung des Leistungsangebots und das Thema Führung sprach kma mit dem Vorstandsvorsitzenden Wolfgang Pföhler.
Die Pflege-Puristin
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Mit dem populären Pflegemanagement hat Christel Bienstein nichts gemein: Die Gründerin des Instituts für Pflegewissenschaft an der Universität Witten/Herdecke forscht mit ihrer Mannschaft direkt am Patientenbett und unternimmt alles, damit die Ergebnisse schnell die Basis erreichen.
Bayern hat den Nutzen längst bewiesen
Authors: Munte Axel
Published: March 2016

Die qualitätsorientierte Vergütung ist keine Utopie, meint Axel Munte. In Bayern zeigen Ärzte, KVs und Kassen mit ihrer Initiative „Ausgezeichnete Qualität“: Pay for Performance ist praktikabel und erfolgreich.
Vivantes bindet sich fest an Dobrindt
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

In Industriekonzernen sind sie schon lange verbreitet: Kooperationsverträge mit Personalberatungen. Als erstes Klinikunternehmen ist nun auch Vivantes einen solchen Vertrag eingegangen. Branchenexperten werten dies als Ausdruck eines immer härter werdenden Konkurrenzkampfes um Fachkräfte.
Online-Befragung
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Das BQS-Institut für Qualität und Patientensicherheit erstellt im Auftrag des Bundesgesundheitsministeriums ein Gutachten über Pay-for-Performance-Projekte im Gesundheitswesen.
Babys mit Burn-out
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen prüfen Krankenhausabrechnungen zum Teil sehr ungenau.
Einer für alle
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: March 2016

Verbandsnachrichten der FKT - Fachvereinigung Krankenhaustechnik (e. V.). Diese Seiten sind nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Die ganz große Welle
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Mehr Öffentlichkeit kann man sich zum Start eines Geschäfts nicht wünschen. Die Website „vorsicht-operation.de” des Heidelberger Kniespezialisten Hans Pässler zu internetbasierten Zweitmeinungs­gutachten ist eingeschlagen wie eine Bombe – auch mit Unterstützung des Nachrichtenmagazins „Der Spiegel”. Verbände und Fachgesellschaften sind aufgebracht.
Kommunale in Kauflaune
Authors: Gaede Kirsten , Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Mit neuem Selbstbewusstsein treten erfolgreiche Kliniken der öffentlichen Hand auf dem Markt auf und tun etwas, was bisher nur privaten zugetraut wurde: Sie übernehmen andere. In Bieterverfahren haben sie oft sogar bessere Chancen – gerade weil sie kommunal sind.
Negativ-Überraschungen
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Es war die tief greifendste Reform des Bilanzrechts seit 20 Jahren. Die ersten nach dem neuen Gesetz gestrickten Jahresabschlüsse zeigen, dass viele Bilanzen künftig unerwartet schlechter ausfallen, vor allem wegen langfristiger (Pensions-)Rückstellungen.
Nachhaltig, energieeffizient und sicher
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: March 2016

Verbandsnachrichten der FKT - Fachvereinigung Krankenhaustechnik (e. V.). Diese Seiten sind nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Exotische Kooperation
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Während sich die außenpolitischen Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und dem Iran abgekühlt haben, scheinen die Verbindungen zwischen Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft beider Staaten zu prosperieren.
Naht das Ende von Mediclin?
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Es ist das alte bekannte Bild: Die Märkte ängstigen sich um den Euro und die Konjunktur und verkaufen weiter fleißig Aktien. Dax und MDax haben seit Anfang September um weitere 6 Prozent an Wert verloren, sodass sich das Minus seit Jahresanfang für den Dax auf 25 und für den MDax auf 20 Prozent kumuliert.
Behandlungen der Zukunft
Authors: Meixner Sarah
Published: March 2016

Telemedizin kann Distanzen überwinden. Telekonsultation, -diagnostik, -monitoring und -therapie haben ihren Nutzen bewiesen. Die Telechirurgie bleibt Sonderfall.
Neuanfang mit 63 Jahren
Authors: König Romy
Published: March 2016

Der Vollblutwissenschaftler Jürgen Schölmerich wollte raus aus der Lame-Duck-Phase und ist kurz vor dem Pensionsalter ins Management gewechselt. Nun ist er Chef der Uniklinik Frankfurt, wo er sich mit operativen und strategischen Fragen genauso leidenschaftlich beschäftigt wie zuvor mit Darmerkrankungen.
Bahr beruft Petra Thürmann als Ratgeberin
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Im Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der Entwicklung im Gesundheitswesen gibt es ein neues Gesicht: Bundesgesundheitsminister Daniel Bahr (FDP) hat die Wuppertaler Pharmakologieprofessorin Petra Thürmann in das siebenköpfige Beratergremium der Bundespolitik berufen.
Schweres Erbe
Authors: Dirks Claudia
Published: March 2016

Der Ausstieg von Andreas Lange aus den Vereinsaktivitäten des BVITG war ein Vorbote, der Spekulationen auslöste.
Kooperation mit Vamed verlängert
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Bis mindestens 2015 werden das Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) und die Vamed Deutschland ihre beiden gemeinsamen Servicegesellschaften weiterbetreiben.
Länder mischen wieder mit
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid , Paquet Robert
Published: March 2016

Nach Jahren zentralistischer Gesundheitspolitik wittern die Länder mit dem Versorgungsstrukturgesetz wieder Morgenluft. Sie sollen mehr Beteiligungsrechte bekommen, um die medizinische Versorgung vor Ort gestalten zu können. Den kleinräumigen Versorgungslösungen steht eine in Teilen zentralistische Finanzierung der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung gegenüber. Dies könnte bald für Ernüchterung sorgen.
Nah und leistungsfähig
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Das kleine Krankenhaus Maria Hilf in Brilon zeigt, wie moderne Gesundheitsversorgung von morgen aussieht – ohne Fördergelder und komplizierte Versorgungsverträge. Ein zur Nachahmung empfohlenes Modell.
Das neue Selbstbewusstsein der Verkäufer
Authors: Gaede Kirsten , Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Aufatmen bei den großen Krankenhauskonzernen: Es gibt endlich wieder Übernahmekandidaten. Doch die Träger wissen um den Kaufdruck der Konzerne und verstehen es, durch manchen Schlingerkurs bei den Verhandlungen die Preise in die Höhe zu treiben.
Dussmann reinigt jetzt auch OP-Besteck
Authors: König Romy
Published: March 2016

Im November gab der Dienstleistungskonzern Dussmann den Kauf eines italienischen Sterilgutversorgers bekannt und kündigte an, demnächst auch in Deutschland OP-Besteck aufbereiten zu wollen. kma sprach mit Dussmann-Vorstand Axel Gränitz über die Aussichten im Aufbereitungsmarkt.
Marktbewegungen
Authors: Dirks Claudia
Published: March 2016

Diejenigen, die dachten, dass die Hygieneskandale der vergangenen Zeit den Kritikern der Wiederaufbereitung von Medizinprodukten in die Hände spielen, werden derzeit eines Besseren belehrt.
Innovationen auf Herz und Nieren geprüft
Authors: Ehrhardt Jana
Published: March 2016

Den Einen geht es nicht schnell genug, die Anderen haben die Ruhe weg. Hersteller, Krankenhäuser und Patienten fordern mehr Tempo bei der Einführung neuer Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsmethoden. Krankenkassen und der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss halten dagegen: Echte Innovationen sind so selten wie Goldstaub. Mit dem Versorgungsstrukturgesetz kommt jetzt die Erprobungsregelung für nicht-medikamentöse Produkte.
Vom Einzelkämpfer zum Leitwolf
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: March 2016

Das Medizinstudium ist nicht mehr zeitgemäß, darin sind sich Experten einig. Doch wie es in Zukunft aussehen soll, ist umstritten. Das Institut Arbeit und Technik warnt: Wenn die Ärzte ihre Ausbildung nicht erneuern, bleiben sie hoch spezialisierte Einzelkämpfer mit schwindendem Einfluss.
Wider den ganz normalen Wahnsinn
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: March 2016

Verbandsnachrichten der FKT - Fachvereinigung Krankenhaustechnik (e. V.). Diese Seiten sind nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Gute Ernte
Authors: Sure Reinfried , Paulus Sebastian
Published: March 2016

Verbandsnachrichten der FKT - Fachvereinigung Krankenhaustechnik (e. V.). Diese Seiten sind nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Comparing a new laser strainmeter array with an adjacent, parallel running quartz tube strainmeter array
Authors: Kobe Martin , Jahr Thomas , Pöschel Wolfgang , Kukowski Nina
Published: March 2016

In summer 2011, two new laser strainmeters about 26.6 m long were installed in N-S and E-W directions parallel to an existing quartz tube strainmeter system at the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa, Thuringia/Germany. This kind of installation is unique in the world and allows the direct comparison of measurements of horizontal length changes with different types of strainmeters for the first time. For the comparison of both data sets, we used the tidal analysis over three years, the strain signals resulting from drilling a shallow 100 m deep borehole on the ground of the observatory and long-period signals. The tidal strain amplitude factors of the laser strainmeters are found to be much closer to theoretical values (85%-105% N-S and 56%-92% E-W) than those of the quartz tube strainmeters. A first data analysis shows that the new laser strainmeters are more sensitive in the short-periodic range with an improved signal-to-noise ratio and distinctly more stable during long-term drifts of environmental parameters such as air pressure or groundwater level. We compared the signal amplitudes of both strainmeter systems at variable signal periods and found frequency-dependent amplitude differences. Confirmed by the tidal parameters, we have now a stable and high resolution laser strainmeter system that serves as calibration reference for quartz tube strainmeters.
Comparing allosteric transitions in the domains of calmodulin through coarse-grained simulations
Authors: Nandigrami Prithviraj , Portman John J.
Published: March 2016

Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca2+-binding protein consisting of two structurally similar domains with distinct stabilities, binding affinities, and flexibilities. We present coarse grained simulations that suggest that the mechanism for the domain’s allosteric transitions between the open and closed conformations depends on subtle differences in the folded state topology of the two domains. Throughout a wide temperature range, the simulated transition mechanism of the N-terminal domain (nCaM) follows a two-state transition mechanism while domain opening in the C-terminal domain (cCaM) involves unfolding and refolding of the tertiary structure. The appearance of the unfolded intermediate occurs at a higher temperature in nCaM than it does in cCaM consistent with nCaM’s higher thermal stability. Under approximate physiological conditions, the simulated unfolded state population of cCaM accounts for 10% of the population with nearly all of the sampled transitions (approximately 95%) unfolding and refolding during the conformational change. Transient unfolding significantly slows the domain opening and closing rates of cCaM, which can potentially influence its Ca2+-binding mechanism.
State-specific tunneling lifetimes from classical trajectories: H-atom dissociation in electronically excited pyrrole
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Domcke Wolfgang , Farantos Stavros C. , Grebenshchikov Sergy Yu.
Published: March 2016

A trajectory method of calculating tunneling probabilities from phase integrals along straight line tunneling paths, originally suggested by Makri and Miller [J. Chem. Phys. 91, 4026 (1989)] and recently implemented by Truhlar and co-workers [Chem. Sci. 5, 2091 (2014)], is tested for one- and two-dimensional ab initio based potentials describing hydrogen dissociation in the 1B1 excited electronic state of pyrrole. The primary observables are the tunneling rates in a progression of bending vibrational states lying below the dissociation barrier and their isotope dependences. Several initial ensembles of classical trajectories have been considered, corresponding to the quasiclassical and the quantum mechanical samplings of the initial conditions. It is found that the sampling based on the fixed energy Wigner density gives the best agreement with the quantum mechanical dissociation rates.
Design and characterization of a microelectromechanical system electro-thermal linear motor with interlock mechanism for micro manipulators
Authors: Hu Tengjiang , Zhao Yulong , Li Xiuyuan , Zhao You , Bai Yingwei
Published: March 2016

The design, fabrication, and testing of a novel electro-thermal linear motor for micro manipulators is presented in this paper. The V-shape electro-thermal actuator arrays, micro lever, micro spring, and slider are introduced. In moving operation, the linear motor can move nearly 1 mm displacement with 100 μm each step while keeping the applied voltage as low as 17 V. In holding operation, the motor can stay in one particular position without consuming energy and no creep deformation is found. Actuation force of 12.7 mN indicates the high force generation capability of the device. Experiments of lifetime show that the device can wear over two million cycles of operation. A silicon-on-insulator wafer is introduced to fabricate a high aspect ratio structure and the chip size is 8.5 mm × 8.5 mm × 0.5 mm.
Pressure-induced ferroelectricity and enhancement of Mn-Mn exchange striction in GdMn2O5
Authors: Yin L. H. , Jang D. H. , Park C. B. , Shin K. W. , Kim Kee Hoon
Published: March 2016

We report the effects of hydrostatic pressure up to p ∼ 1.73 GPa on the multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties of GdMn2O5 single crystals. The ferroelectric (FE) polarization can be enhanced at low pressures, while it decreased after reaching a maximum at p ∼ 1.30 GPa. This pressure induced variation of polarization can be ascribed to the combined results of Mn–Mn and Gd–Mn exchange striction under pressure. Our results show that the polarization induced by Mn–Mn interaction increases monotonously with increasing pressure and finally saturates above p ≳ 1.30 GPa. Interestingly, we find that a new FE phase appears in the temperature range of 31 K–38 K with pressure p ≳ 0.88 GPa. This new FE phase can be suppressed by magnetic field, but stabilized by pressure. The pressure-temperature (p–T) phase diagram of GdMn2O5 was obtained. Our analyses suggest that the pressure-induced new FE phase could arise from a non-collinear, incommensurate magnetic structure.
10.4% Efficient triple organic solar cells containing near infrared absorbers
Authors: Meerheim Rico , Körner Christian , Oesen Benjamin , Leo Karl
Published: March 2016

The efficiency of organic solar cells can be increased by serially stacked subcells with spectrally different absorber materials. For the triple junction devices presented here, we use the small molecule donor materials DCV5T-Me for the green region and Tol2-benz-bodipy or Ph2-benz-bodipy as near infrared absorbers. The broader spectral response allows an efficiency increase from a pure DCV5T-Me triple cell to a triple junction containing a Ph2-benz-bodipy subcell, reaching 10.4%. As often observed for organic photovoltaics, the efficiency is further increased at low light intensities to 11%, which allows improved energy harvesting under real outdoor conditions and better performance indoor.
Low-temperature FCC to L1 phase transformation in CoPt(Bi) nanoparticles
Authors: Abel Frank M. , Tzitzios Vasilis , Sellmyer David J. , Hadjipanayis George C.
Published: March 2016

This work is focused on the effects of Bi substitution on the synthesis of CoPt nanoparticles with the L10 structure using a modified organometallic approach. The structural and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles have been studied and compared directly with those of CoPt nanoparticles synthesized by the same technique but in the absence of Bi substitution. The as-synthesized particles at 330 °C have an average size of 11.7 nm and a partially ordered L10 phase with a coercivity of 1 kOe. The coercivity is increased to 9.3 kOe and 12.4 kOe after annealing for 1 hour at 600 and 700 °C. The structural and magnetic properties suggest that Bi promotes the formation of ordered L10 phase at low temperatures leading to the development of high coercivities.
Response of single bacterial cells to stress gives rise to complex history dependence at the population level
Authors: Mathis Roland , Ackermann Martin
Published: March 2016

Significance

The ability to memorize information from the past is well known in complex organisms. Less is known about whether unicellular organisms such as bacteria also store information about past events and use these “memories” to inform their current behavior. We used an experimental setup that allowed us to follow single bacterial cells through repeated exposure to salt stress and asked whether past exposure allowed cells to cope better with the stress. Although the responses of individual cells were largely independent of past events, we saw the emergence of memory-like behavior at the level of the population. These results reveal differences in how past events can modulate the behavior of individuals and groups of bacteria.
Origin and prediction of free-solution interaction studies performed label-free
Authors: Bornhop Darryl J. , Kammer Michael N. , Kussrow Amanda , Flowers Robert A. , Meiler Jens
Published: March 2016

Significance

Chemical and biomedical sciences depend heavily on interaction assays, particularly those providing structural insights. Here, we show interferometric, free-solution, label-free studies report conformation and hydration changes, and present a new way for interpreting these methods. Intrinsic property changes are the mechanism allowing for unprecedented sensitivities (picomolar to femtomolar) in complex milieu, even when individual binding partners are undetectable. We establish that the existing theory for label-free assay methods such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is not applicable and propose a model for the free-solution response function (FreeSRF), validated and highly predictive when combined with quality structural data and reliable calculations of solvent-addressable surface area. The model allows for interpretation of solution-phase, label-free interactions and could facilitate obtaining structural information from a simple mix-and-read assay.
First‐Year Density and Growth as They Relate to Recruitment of White Perch to the Adult Stock in Oneida Lake, New York, 1968–2011
Authors: VanDeValk Anthony J. , Forney John L. , Brooking Thomas E. , Jackson James R. , Rudstam Lars G.
Published: March 2016

Recruitment of fish to the adult stock is often determined early in life, and identifying relationships between first‐year abundance and subsequent recruitment has significant implications for monitoring and management. Despite the importance of White Perch Morone americana as both predator and prey in systems where they are abundant, relatively little has been published on their early life history, and their recruitment patterns are generally not well understood. We use data over a period of 44 years to investigate factors related to first‐year density and growth of White Perch and their recruitment to the adult stock in Oneida Lake, New York. Simple linear regression was used to examine the relationships between select physical and biological factors and first‐year density and growth of White Perch estimated from Miller high‐speed sampler and trawl surveys and estimates of year‐class recruitment to the adult stock determined from gill‐net surveys. Akaike's information criterion corrected for small sample size was then used to compare different model structures for predicting age‐0 White Perch density and growth and recruitment to the adult stock. Year‐classes that were dense at the larval stage tended to have higher densities as juveniles and higher recruitment to the adult stock. Year‐classes with higher first‐year densities grew slower and experienced higher mortality, but mortality did not compensate for the higher initial densities. The model that best explained White Perch recruitment to the adult stock was composed of larval density and predator biomass, indicating White Perch year‐class strength is at least partly determined at the larval stage or earlier in Oneida Lake, and later interactions serve largely to modify initial differences.

Received July 29, 2015; accepted December 1, 2015
SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) Slx5 regulates proteolysis of centromeric histone H3 variant Cse4 and prevents its mislocalization to euchromatin
Authors: Ohkuni Kentaro , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Fulp Alyona , Lawrimore Josh , Au Wei-Chun , Pasupala Nagesh , Levy-Myers Reuben , Warren Jack , Strunnikov Alexander , Baker Richard E. , Kerscher Oliver , Bloom Kerry , Basrai Munira A.
Published: March 2016

Centromeric histone H3, CENP-ACse4, is essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Stringent regulation of cellular levels of CENP-ACse4restricts its localization to centromeres. Mislocalization of CENP-ACse4is associated with aneuploidy in yeast and flies and tumorigenesis in human cells; thus defining pathways that regulate CENP-A levels is critical for understanding how mislocalization of CENP-A contributes to aneuploidy in human cancers. Previous work in budding yeast shows that ubiquitination of overexpressed Cse4 by Psh1, an E3 ligase, partially contributes to proteolysis of Cse4. Here we provide the first evidence that Cse4 is sumoylated by E3 ligases Siz1 and Siz2 in vivo and in vitro. Ubiquitination of Cse4 by the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) Slx5 plays a critical role in proteolysis of Cse4 and prevents mislocalization of Cse4 to euchromatin under normal physiological conditions. Accumulation of sumoylated Cse4 species and increased stability of Cse4 in slx5∆ strains suggest that sumoylation precedes ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of Cse4. Slx5-mediated Cse4 proteolysis is independent of Psh1, since slx5∆ psh1∆ strains exhibit higher levels of Cse4 stability and mislocalization than either slx5∆ or psh1∆ strains. Our results demonstrate a role for Slx5 in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of Cse4 to prevent its mislocalization and maintain genome stability.
Intratracheal Administration of Small Interfering RNA Targeting Fas Reduces Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury*
Authors: Del Sorbo Lorenzo , Costamagna Andrea , Muraca Giuseppe , Rotondo Giuseppe , Civiletti Federica , Vizio Barbara , Bosco Ornella , Martin Conte Erica L. , Frati Giacomo , Delsedime Luisa , Lupia Enrico , Fanelli Vito , Ranieri V. Marco
Published: March 2016

Objectives:

Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Fas-mediated apoptosis is one of the pathologic mechanisms involved in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that the inhibition of Fas gene expression in lungs by intratracheal administration of small interfering RNA could reduce lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in an ex vivo model reproducing the procedural sequence of lung transplantation.

Design:

Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Subjects:

C57/BL6 mice weighing 28–30 g.

Interventions:

Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in lungs isolated from mice, 48 hours after treatment with intratracheal small interfering RNA targeting Fas, control small interfering RNA, or vehicle. Isolated lungs were exposed to 6 hours of cold ischemia (4°C), followed by 2 hours of warm (37°C) reperfusion with a solution containing 10% of fresh whole blood and mechanical ventilation with constant low driving pressure.

Measurements and Main Results:

Fas gene expression was significantly silenced at the level of messenger RNA and protein after ischemia-reperfusion in lungs treated with small interfering RNA targeting Fas compared with lungs treated with control small interfering RNA or vehicle. Silencing of Fas gene expression resulted in reduced edema formation (bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration and lung histology) and improvement in lung compliance. These effects were associated with a significant reduction of pulmonary cell apoptosis of lungs treated with small interfering RNA targeting Fas, which did not affect cytokine release and neutrophil infiltration.

Conclusions:

Fas expression silencing in the lung by small interfering RNA is effective against ischemia-reperfusion injury. This approach represents a potential innovative strategy of organ preservation before lung transplantation.
Inhibition of Plexin C1 Protects Against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury*
Authors: König Klemens , Granja Tiago , Eckle Veit-Simon , Mirakaj Valbona , Köhler David , Schlegel Martin , Rosenberger Peter
Published: March 2016

Objectives:

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a disease pattern that is associated with an acute inflammatory reaction. It is well known that neutrophils play an essential role in the early phase of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and determine the extent of tissue damage. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury can result in organ failure, which is linked to high mortality. Recent data indicate that the neuronal guidance receptor Plexin C1 is involved in the control of the acute inflammatory response and, as such, modulates the transmigration of neutrophils. Hence, we investigated the functional role of Plexin C1 in a mouse model of early hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Design:

Animal study.

Setting:

University experimental laboratory.

Subjects:

Wild-type, PLXNC1
−/− and chimeric mice.

Interventions:

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury or sham operation.

Measurements and Main Results:

We found that the functional inhibition of Plexin C1 in wild-type mice treated with an anti-Plexin C1 antibody and a Semaphorin 7A peptide reduced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, as measured by the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate, and alanine aminotransferase. This reduction in ischemia-reperfusion injury was accompanied by reduced numbers of neutrophils in ischemic hepatic tissue and reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Experiments using Plexin C1 receptor–deficient (PLXNC1
−/−) mice also demonstrated decreased hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies of chimeric mice revealed that the hematopoietic Plexin C1 knockout is crucial for reducing the extent of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Conclusions:

These results describe a role for Plexin C1 during ischemia-reperfusion injury, highlight the role of hematopoietic Plexin C1 in the development of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and suggest that Plexin C1 is a potential drug target.
Epistasis and the dynamics of reversion in molecular evolution
Authors: McCandlish David M. , Shah Premal , Plotkin Joshua B.
Published: March 2016

Recent studies of protein evolution contend that the longer an amino acid substitution is present at a site, the less likely it is to revert to the amino acid previously occupying that site. Here we study this phenomenon of decreasing reversion rates rigorously, and in a much more general context. We show that, under weak mutation and for arbitrary fitness landscapes, reversion rates decrease with time for any site that is involved in at least one epistatic interaction. Specifically, we prove that, at stationarity, the hazard function of the distribution of waiting times until reversion is strictly decreasing for any such site. Thus, in the presence of epistasis, the longer a particular character has been absent from a site, the less likely the site will revert to its prior state. We also explore several examples of this general result, which share a common pattern whereby the probability of having reverted increases rapidly at short times to some substantial value before becoming almost flat after a few substitutions at other sites. This pattern indicates a characteristic tendency for reversion to occur either almost immediately after the initial substitution or only after a very long time.
Evolutionary consequences of DNA methylation in a basal metazoan
Authors: Dixon Groves , Bay Line K , Matz Mikhail V
Published: March 2016

Gene body methylation (gbM) is an ancestral and widespread feature in Eukarya, yet its adaptive value and evolutionary implications remain unresolved. The occurrence of gbM within protein coding sequences is particularly puzzling, because methylation causes cytosine hypermutability and hence is likely to produce deleterious amino acid substitutions. We investigate this enigma using an evolutionarily basal group of Metazoa, the stony corals (order Scleractinia, class Anthozoa, phylum Cnidaria). We show that gbM correlates with breadth and abundance of transcription and with slow sequence evolution. We also show a strong correlation between gbM and codon bias due to systematic replacement of CpG bearing codons. We suggest that the ancestral function of gene body methylation is tied to selective pressure for accurate and stable gene expression, and that mutation caused by gbM may be a previously unrecognized driver of adaptive codon evolution.
Characterization of new RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase II transcriptional promoters in the Bovine Leukemia Virus genome
Authors: Van Driessche Benoit , Rodari Anthony , Delacourt Nadège , Fauquenoy Sylvain , Vanhulle Caroline , Burny Arsène , Rohr Olivier , Van Lint Carine
Published: March 2016

Bovine leukemia virus latency is a viral strategy used to escape from the host immune system and contribute to tumor development. However, a highly expressed BLV micro-RNA cluster has been reported, suggesting that the BLV silencing is not complete. Here, we demonstrate thein vivorecruitment of RNA polymerase III to the BLV miRNA cluster both in BLV-latently infected cell lines and in ovine BLV-infected primary cells, through a canonical type 2 RNAPIII promoter. Moreover, by RPC6-knockdown, we showed, for the first time, a direct functional link between RNAPIII transcription and BLV miRNAs expression. Furthermore, both the tumor‐ and the quiescent-related isoforms of RPC7 subunits were recruited to the miRNA cluster. We showed that the BLV miRNA cluster was enriched in positive epigenetic marks. Interestingly, we demonstrated thein vivorecruitment of RNAPII at the 3’LTR/host genomic junction, associated with positive epigenetic marks. Functionally, we showed that the BLV LTR exhibited a strong antisense promoter activity and provided evidence for a collision between RNAPIII and RNAPII convergent transcriptions. Our results provide new insights into alternative ways used by BLV to counteract silencing of the viral 5’LTR promoter.
N,N,N′,N′,N′′,N′′-Hexamethylguanidinium di-μ3-chlorido-tetra-μ2-chlorido-decachloridotetrabismuthate acetonitrile disolvate
Authors: Tiritiris Ioannis , Knobloch Georg , Saur Stefan , Kantlehner Willi
Published: March 2016

The asymmetric unit of the solvated title compound, (C7H18N3)4[Bi4Cl16]·2CH3CN, comprises two cations, one half [Bi4Cl16]4−ion and one acetonitrile molecule. OneN,N,N′,N′,N′′,N′′-hexamethylguanidinium ion shows orientational disorder and two sets of N- and C-atom positions were found, with an occupancy ratio of 0.941 (2):0.059 (2). The second cation is not disordered. The C—N bond lengths in the two guanidinium ions range from 1.334 (17) to 1.341 (17) Å, indicating double-bond character and pointing towards charge delocalization within the NCN planes. The four BiIIIions are coordinated by six chloride ions in distorted octahedral manner. Two [Bi2Cl8]2−dimers are fused together, forming a centrosymmetric tetranuclear [Bi4Cl16]4−cluster. The bond lengths of bismuth to the terminal chlorides [2.4982 (7)–2.5509 (6) Å] are shorter than those of the double and triply bridging ones [2.7052 (6)–3.0320 (6) Å]. The acetonitrile solvent molecule is disordered over two positions, with an occupancy ratio of 0.818 (4):0.182 (4) for the two orientations. The crystal structure is stabilized by a three-dimensional network of C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds.
4-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Authors: Suchetan P. A. , Suneetha V. , Naveen S. , Lokanath N. K. , Krishna Murthy P.
Published: March 2016

In the title compound, C7H5BrO3, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the carboxylic acid group is 4.8 (4)°, and an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond closes anS(6) ring. In the crystal, carboxylic acid inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H...O hydrogen bonds generateR22(8) loops. Short Br...Br contacts [3.4442 (5) Å] between the molecules of the adjacent dimers leads to a one-dimensional architecture.
The entrepreneurial role within a global firm operating in a niche market
Authors: Duarte Alonso Abel
Published: March 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance of entrepreneurial role from the perspective of a global, family-owned firm located in Uruguay and operating in a niche market.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study adopts role theory as its theoretical framework. Face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with the firm’s ownership/management. The data were analysed using content analysis.

Findings

During the interviews, the importance of entrepreneurs’ role was highlighted in various ways. For instance, role emerged in the form of re-developing a business vision, executing strategies and ideas, anticipating events, innovating and internationalising. Together, these key elements helped build entrepreneurial resilience in light of emerging issues. An alignment with various perspectives of role theory, including “functional”, “symbolic interactionist” and “structural” was identified.

Practical implications

The role of the succeeding generation of the firm’s ownership not only is fundamental in reinforcing an entrepreneurial path established by the firm’s founder but also is critical in building upon the earlier foundation, continue innovating and adapting to contemporary challenges in a very dynamic business environment.

Originality/value

The present study makes an original contribution, by examining the significance of entrepreneurial role through the lens of role theory. In this context, the case of a medium-sized, global Latin American family business is investigated.
Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS
Authors: Matthews Lucy M. , Sarstedt Marko , Hair Joseph F. , Ringle Christian M.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

Part I of this article (European Business Review, Volume 28, Issue 1) offered an overview of unobserved heterogeneity in the context of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), its prevalence and challenges for social sciences researchers. This paper aims to provide an example that explains how to identify and treat unobserved heterogeneity in PLS-SEM by using the finite mixture PLS (FIMIX-PLS) module in the SmartPLS 3 software (Part II).

Design/methodology/approach

This case study illustrates the application of FIMIX-PLS using a popular corporate reputation model.

Findings

The case study demonstrates the capability of FIMIX-PLS to identify whether unobserved heterogeneity significantly affects structural model relationships. Furthermore, it shows that FIMIX-PLS is particularly useful for determining the number of segments to extract from the data.

Research limitations/implications

Since the introduction of FIMIX-PLS, a range of alternative latent class techniques has appeared. These techniques address some of the limitations of the approach relating to, for example, its failure to handle heterogeneity in measurement models, or its distributional assumptions. This research discusses alternative latent class techniques and calls for the joint use of FIMIX-PLS and PLS prediction-oriented segmentation.

Originality/value

This article is the first to offer researchers, who have not been exposed to the method, an introduction to FIMIX-PLS. Based on a state-of-the-art review of the technique, the paper offers a step-by-step tutorial on how to use FIMIX-PLS by using the SmartPLS 3 software.
Linking teacher competences to organizational citizenship behaviour
Authors: Kasekende Francis , Munene John C. , Otengei Samson Omuudu , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine relationship between teacher competences and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) with empowerment as a mediating factor.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study took a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical design. Using cluster and random sampling procedures, data were obtained from 383 usable questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS and Analysis of Moment Structures.

Findings

– Results indicated that planning, continuous assessment and initiating as operant teacher competences were significantly and positively related to empowerment. Also, empowerment was significantly and positively related to OCBs. Similarly, empowerment came out as a full mediator of the relationship between the teacher competences and OCBs.

Practical implications

– The study is relevant in that heads of schools will ensure they set up and implement human resources policies and practices that are favorable to building empowerment and OCB. School heads will be able to closely adhere to planning, initiating and continuous assessment rules in order to promote teacher empowerment and OCB. Government could appraise school heads based on whether they can successfully implement operant competence related rules on the employees

Originality/value

– The findings theoretically reconceptualize competences from the objectivist to the constructivist perspective. Planning, initiating, continuous assessment and empowerment make significant variations in OCB. The study demonstrates that empowerment translates the inputs of teacher competence into OCB.
The meanings of work in a public work scheme in South Africa
Authors: Wiltshire Anne Hilda
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to link theories on the meaning of work with the meanings participants in a public work scheme attribute to work, in a context of high national and local unemployment and precarious employment.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study followed a qualitative strategy to allow participants to express their own meanings of work through a work-life history approach. Findings from eight interviews are substantiated by two focus groups and thematically analysed.

Findings

– Analysis of the findings revealed a high correlation with Kaplan and Tausky’s typology of the meanings of work (1974). The implication of this grounded approach is that this study expands the typology from six to eight factors. In this manner, work in a public work scheme not only has meaning as an economic activity, a structured routine, intrinsic satisfaction, interpersonal experiences, social status and a morally correct activity, but is also gendered and an opportunity for training.

Originality/value

– Apart from expanding Kaplan and Tausky’s typology on the meanings of work (1974), this study highlights the added-value of public work schemes, in that, by providing the unemployed with the opportunity to work, they also improve their quality of life in a number of aspects.
Monetary policy, financing constraints and investment efficiency
Authors: Han Dongping , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to analyze the different impacts of monetary policy on the financing constraints of diverse enterprises from China by introducing the concepts of external and internal management factors, and on the investment efficiency of these enterprises with the help of “Hayek Triangle”.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on the concept of human action, this paper builds an empirical model which is remarkably different from previous related researches and conducts an empirical test by using the chosen sample data of 312 Chinese listed private companies from 2003 to 2012.

Findings

– This paper shows that owing to the differences of management capacity of diverse enterprises, under the condition of the governmental micro-economic intervention in the allocation of credit funds, the loose monetary policy relieves the financing constraints confronted by the enterprises with better external management capacity, and aggravates the financing constraints confronted by the enterprises with better internal management capacity. This paper also shows that the loose monetary policy will distort the market interest rate signal, which in turn falsely directs the enterprises to divert resources from short-term to long-term investment projects.

Research limitations/implications

– These findings mean that under the condition of the loose monetary policy, contrasted with the private enterprises with better internal management capacity, the investment efficiency of the private enterprises with better external management capacity will be lowered because they are able to acquire more credit funds preferentially and readily.

Practical implications

– This paper argues that the government should strengthen the ex-post property rights protection for financial transactions, reduce the micro-economic intervention in the credit funds allocation and improve the marketization level of the financial deals. Also, the government should prudently regulate macro-economy by monetary policy.

Originality/value

– This paper is mainly based on the market process theory of Austrian School, and therefore initiates a totally new perspective for the research of corporate financing.
Dependence and extreme correlation among US industry sectors
Authors: Sukcharoen Kunlapath , Leatham David J.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the degree of dependence and extreme correlation (i.e. tail dependence) among US industry sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper makes use of both conventional measures of dependence (the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rho and Kendall’s tau) and copula measures of extreme correlations (including the same-direction and cross-tail dependence coefficients) to explore sector diversification opportunities. The paper splits the full sample in three periods, namely, 1995 to 2000, 2001 to 2006 and 2007 to 2012, to access the extent to which the dependence results change through time.

Findings

– This research provides three important findings. First, the degree of dependence and same-direction extreme correlations are high, whereas the cross-extreme correlations are considerably low. Second, the sector pairs offering the best and worst tail diversification change across sample periods. Third, the traditional dependence measures suggest that benefits for sector diversification have decreased over all sample periods, while the potential for sector diversification during extreme events has just started to disappear in the most recent period.

Practical implications

– An investor should consider both the normal co-movements and extreme co-movements among sector indices to maximize diversification benefits.

Originality/value

– Given the limited empirical investigations of the degree of dependence and extreme correlation at a sector level, the results from this research should provide additional and valuable information for both investors and empirical researchers about portfolio diversification and risk management.
The inverse of a terror event? Stock market response to pro-active action
Authors: Afik Zvika , Lahav Yaron , Mandelzweig Lior
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to study and document the effect of counter-terrorism on stock returns. The authors select a sample of pro-active defense operations, performed by the Israeli military and government agencies, with significant media coverage, including leading international channels.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors use the event study methodology to assess the effect of each operation on the Israeli equity market. The theoretical background of this work is the recent behavioral literature on anomalies in the formation of asset pricing and in investors’ decision-making.

Findings

– The authors find generally a statistically significant positive equity market reaction, on average, to prominent successful operations. The initial market response is usually negative and then changes according to the type of event, its specific circumstances and expected ramifications.

Originality/value

– Unlike the vast prior literature on terror effects, the authors believe that this is the first paper to study the market reaction to prominent counter-terrorism operations.