bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 NO SISTEMA PRISIONAL BRASILEIRO: DA INDIFERENÇA COMO POLÍTICA À POLÍTICA DE MORTE
Authors: Costa Jaqueline Sério da , Silva Johnny Clayton Fonseca da , Brandão Eric Scapim Cunha , Bicalho Pedro Paulo Gastalho
Published: September 2020

Resumo No início do ano de 2020, a Covid-19 - doença causada por um novo tipo de coronavírus - foi classificada como pandemia pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e acometeu países de todos os continentes, levando a morte de centenas de milhares de pessoas. No Brasil, a doença também se espalhou rapidamente, exigindo medidas de isolamento social. Marcadas pela superlotação e infraestrutura precária, as prisões brasileiras tornaram-se alvo de preocupação de órgãos nacionais e internacionais que demandaram medidas de desencarceramento. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo analisa a proposição do Departamento Penitenciário Nacional de utilização de contêineres para abrigamento de pessoas presas, na contramão da resolução 62/2020 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, que pautou pela necessidade de redução da população privada de liberdade. Discute-se como a desconsideração por medidas de desencarceramento e a demanda por proposições ainda mais violadoras de direitos apontam para a ratificação de uma política de morte para as pessoas presas.
DIÁRIOS DE CONFINAMENTO: A EMERGÊNCIA DO NOVO NA INTIMIDADE DA RELAÇÃO EU-OUTRO-MUNDO
Authors: Pinheiro Marina Assis , Mélo Roberta de Sousa
Published: September 2020

Resumo Este trabalho discute e caracteriza as dinâmicas subjetivas e intersubjetivas das relações eu-outro(a)-mundo próprias à experiência íntima de confinamento domiciliar, a partir de diários textuais produzidos por três mulheres confinadas durante a pandemia. A partir da análise dialógica dos dados identificaram-se três estilísticas da intimidade confinada: a “introspecção da deriva”; a “performativa” e o “subjetivismo de fresta”. Estas alegorias dialógicas lançam luz sobre: (a) os principais impasses na manutenção das formas de vida pré-virais; (b) as ambiguidades enunciativas e ambivalências afetivas na construção de alternativas ao período de confinamento na dinâmica ser-com-os-outros e os-outros-em-mim; (c) as formas de vivência do tempo, na reconstrução do passado, nos modos de elaboração de futuros através também das intensidades do presente.
NARRATIVAS ENTRE CIÊNCIA E POLÍTICA NO ATIVISMO DA CLOROQUINA
Authors: Neves André Luiz Machado das , Ferreira Breno de Oliveira
Published: September 2020

Resumo A atual crise sanitária e pandêmica gerou um conjunto de tensões, tramas e embates de amplitude global e entre diferentes espaços científicos, político-partidário e econômicos. Os medicamentos hidroxicloroquina e cloroquina ganharam fama e expectativas. O que até então servia para o tratamento apenas da malária, agora tinha “possibilidade de cura” para a Covid-19. Neste artigo, buscamos compreender o debate entre ciência e política gerado através de uma pesquisa com cloroquina (CloroCovid-19), desenvolvida em Manaus, Amazonas. Por meio de uma etnografia tecida em documentos como vídeos, notas, cartas e mensagens veiculadas nas mídias sociais, fizemos a descrição e análise: (a) do que chamamos de ativismo da cloroquina em Manaus e sua ofensiva; (b) da consequente reação acadêmica frente aos ataques. Ambos os polos - pró e contra - fizeram esforços na construção de uma verdade, em que a ciência e a política se reticulam constantemente.
The British and South African approaches to asylum based on sexual orientation and gender identity
Authors: Andrade Vítor Lopes
Published: September 2020

Abstract Since the 1980’s it has been possible to claim asylum on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in some countries. Most studies on this topic focus on countries in the Global North. Therefore, there is still a lack of research that comparatively analyses the Global North with the Global South. The aim of this article is then to analyse and compare the approaches of two countries that grant refugee status on the basis of sexuality and gender identity, one in the Global North (the United Kingdom) and one in the Global South (South Africa).
Esperas y cuidados. Reflexiones en torno a la gestión del tiempo de mujeres migrantes en dos espacios urbanos de Argentina
Authors: Mallimaci Ana Inés , Magliano María José
Published: September 2020

Resumen En base a un trabajo cualitativo que acompañó diversas investigaciones sobre géneros y migraciones realizadas durante los años 2012-2018, este artículo se propone analizar la incidencia de las esperas en la vida cotidiana de mujeres migrantes procedentes de Bolivia, Paraguay y Perú en dos áreas urbanas de Argentina: Gran Buenos Aires y Gran Córdoba. La hipótesis principal es que las esperas, encarnadas en las implicancias de las gestiones con diferentes agencias estatales y de la organización del cuidado familiar, deben comprenderse como una forma de cuidado. Esto permite volver inteligible las ocupaciones cotidianas que desarrollan las mujeres migrantes a la vez que visibilizar las estrategias y márgenes de acción que despliegan ante las limitaciones que les impone el contexto social.
Emigração e transferências monetárias como estratégias de adaptação às secas no Seridó Potiguar
Authors: Correia Isac Alves , Ojima Ricardo , Barbieri Alisson Flávio
Published: September 2020

Resumo A partir de um survey urbano realizado em 2017, com representatividade para a região do Seridó Potiguar (Rio Grande do Norte), no Semiárido Nordestino, o objetivo desse artigo é entender como os programas sociais e as remessas de migrantes têm-se constituído em estratégias centrais de adaptação às secas. A metodologia consiste em estatísticas descritivas, testes estatísticos de representatividade amostral e de diferenças entre proporções. Os principais resultados mostram que as remessas enviadas pelos emigrantes foram mais presentes para famílias com níveis de renda mais baixos, de até dois salários mínimos per capita, representando um apoio fundamental para as famílias na região de origem. Os programas sociais também foram mais marcantes em famílias de menores rendas. A concentração da população na zona urbana parece interligada a esses processos, apresentando determinadas vantagens em termos de estratégias domiciliares com a busca por ocupações no mercado de trabalho urbano para incrementar a renda familiar.
O trabalho dos laboratórios, a indústria do alcatrão mineral e a hodierna concepção de atividade científica
Authors: Freitas Renan Springer de
Published: September 2020

Resumo O vínculo duradouro existente entre a indústria e a ciência tal como hoje o conhecemos só começou a se estabelecer em meados do século XIX. Neste artigo, argumento que o estabelecimento deste vínculo se deu por meio de uma alteração radical do próprio modo de conceber a atividade científica. Trata-se, então, de mostrar qual foi a nova concepção de atividade científica surgida em meados do século XIX e como ela veio a se estabelecer. Sugiro que a resposta está no entrelaçamento de duas atividades inexistentes até o século XIX: a do trabalho sistemático dos laboratórios, que só ganhou dimensão institucional na década de 1830, e a da exploração do alcatrão mineral para fins industriais, que só teve início em 1856.
Hierarquia de sintomas de Gripe relacionados à COVID-19 de acordo com sexo e cor ou raça em notificações de pacientes com Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave no Brasil
Authors: Severo Santos Joao Francisco , Dahmer Santos Dimitria
Published: September 2020

Causada pelo novo vírus Corona (SARS-CoV-2), um COVID-19 é uma doença que apresenta grande variedade de modelos e intensidades de sintomas, característicos de uma Síndrome Gripal (SG), que pode evoluir rapidamente para uma Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG). Inúmeros são os estudos sobre sintomas da COVID-19, mas poucos incorporam uma perspectiva de sexo e raça. Os objetivos desse estudo foram avaliar uma hierarquia de sintomas de SG em pacientes com SRAG causada por SARS - CoV - 2 e elaborar um modelo de previsão para casos potenciais em função do sexo e da cor / raça. A modelagem por regressão logística binária foi empregada em 405.419 registros selecionados do banco de dados do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil.Verificou-se que os homens foram mais acometidos pela doença, sendo o seu risco 15,5% superior ao das mulheres. Também morreram mais, com risco de 13,8% e 15% superior para todas as causas e para COVID-19, respectivamente. As chances de um paciente não branco morrer por todas as causas variam de 18,4% a 38,7% e por Covid-19 de 16,7% a 64,3% conforme a cor / raça. Febre, dor muscular e perda de olfato / paladar se alternam nas três primeiras posições da hierarquia de sintomas, conforme sexo e raça. A tosse foi relevante apenas para homens brancos e de garganta para homens negros. Já o vomito foi relevante apenas para mulheres negras.O melhor modelo de previsão elaborado englobou sete ajustados ajustados por idade, sexo e raça, mas foi capaz de explicar apenas 62% dos casos de COVID-19. Possivelmente a diversidade racial (miscigenação), e a desigualdade socioeconômica associada a ela, torna-se o desafio de estimar probabilidades de infecção por COVID-19,
Covid-19 - Um exercício de coordenação e articulação municipal efetiva: a experiência de Niterói
Authors: Ribeiro Conceição Mirian , Pascoal Freire Renata , Côrtes Macario Filipe , Alves Torres Oliveira Rodrigo , Maia Franco Camilla
Published: September 2020

Este artigo visa apresentar a experiência do município de Niterói na criação e coordenação das ações de enfrentamento à COVID-19. O planejamento e implementação das diferentes estratégias foi embasado na intersetoralidade como linha transversal de gestão, considerando, a partir dos fatores de impacto da pandemia na população, não apenas o aspecto unidimensional de responsabilidade do âmbito Clínico da COVID-19, mas a complexidade do cuidado das condições de vulnerabilidade, dos impactos socioeconômico das medidas de mitigação e dos determinantes sociais da saúde. Para tal, a construção de um modelo de gestão intersetorial com criação de um Gabinete de Crise formado pelos representantes de diferentes secretarias, resultou com ações que objetivaram responder às necessidades pertinentes à complexidade da vida, na comunicação contínua com a população em modo a garantir do acesso à informações e adesão da sociedade, fator central no êxito das medidas de mitigação.
Las devoluciones en caliente españolas ante el Tribunal de Estrasburgo: ¿Apuntalando los muros de la Europa fortaleza?
Authors: Sánchez Legido Ángel
Published: September 2020

En N. D. y N. T. c. España, la Gran Sala del TEDH rechaza con rotundidad las dos grandes amenazas que los Gobiernos participantes habían planteado a sus facultades de control. Ni son admisibles los intentos de escindir artificialmente partes de su territorio para excluir o limitar la aplicación del Convenio, ni es aceptable tampoco excluir las actuaciones de no admisión o rechazo en frontera del alcance de la prohibición de expulsiones colectivas de extranjeros. Sin embargo, mediante el sorprendente recurso a la doctrina de la «conducta culpable», el Tribunal sienta como regla general la compatibilidad con el sistema del Convenio de las devoluciones en caliente de los inmigrantes interceptados cruzando irregularmente la frontera. La aplicación de esa doctrina se somete a condiciones muy laxamente apreciadas por el Tribunal, relativas a la existencia de vías de acceso efectivo y genuino y a que el interesado no las utilizara por razones imperiosas no atribuibles al Estado demandado. En la presente contribución se sostiene que, de esta forma, Estrasburgo no solo acepta una práctica tan cuestionable como las devoluciones sumarias, sino que también concede un amplio aval a las políticas de externalización de controles migratorios y a los mecanismos de Estado seguro.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DIRECT INSTRUCTION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PASSING BAWAH BOLA VOLI
Authors: Setiawan Anang , Kharisma Yudhi , Yohan Sandi
Published: September 2020

Direct Instruction learning model is a model that is widely used in physical education learning. However, some steps in the implementation of this this model are sometimes ignored which affects the learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Direct Instruction learning models on learning outcomes of the volleyball underpass. This research was an experimental research using One-Group Pre-test-Post-test Design. The subjects of the study were 32 students, consisting of 15 male students and 17 female students aged 13 years in average. Volleyball skill test instruments were used in this study. The results of the study show a significant increase of the average scores. The study implies that the Direct Instruction learning model would affect learning outcomes of volleyball underpass if all steps of this model are implemented
The Relationship among Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Dynamic Balance, and Sleep Patterns
Authors: Kananda Geubrina , Megawati Eka Roina
Published: September 2020

According to the World Health Organization in 2010, overweight and obesity are the fifth risk factors of the cause of death in the world. Obesity is influenced by the level of physical activity and it could cause a disturbance in dynamic balance and induce sleep disorder known as sleep apnea. Meanwhile, the lack of physical activity also affects the dynamic balance that can increase the risk of fall injury during the dynamic physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among body mass index, physical activity, the dynamic balance, and sleep patterns. The subjects of this study were 72 young adults aged 20 years in average, consisted of 47 males and 25 females. The body mass index was undertaken by dividing the body weight (kg) and height in meter square (m2). The level of physical activity was performed by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Meanwhile, the dynamic balance was measured by using the modified Bass test; while sleep patterns was measured by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. This study found that there was a significant association between BMI and dynamic balance with p value = 0.006 (p 0.05); whereas physical activity was not significantly associated to the dynamic balance (p0.05). Meanwhile, body mass index and physical activity were not significantly associated to sleep patterns (p 0.05). This study concludes that body mass index has a significant association to dynamic balance. Meanwhile, dynamic balance is highly needed in carrying out dynamic physical activity to avoid fall injury.
META ANALISIS DAMPAK LATIHAN DRY-LAND TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PERFORMA ATLET POLO AIR
Authors: Mumara Jaka , Daniel Ray Hamidie Ronald , Mulyana Boyke
Published: September 2020

This research was aimed at studying dry-land training on the performance of water polo athletes, starting from the dry-land training model to improving the performance of water polo athletes. The research method used was the quantitative methods with meta-analysis techniques. The research method presented an analysis of the publication of scientific journals in reputable international journals and reputable national journals relating to dry-land training on improving the performance of water polo athletes. The samples of this study were scientific articles that were published in an international journal, indexed in the highly reputable Scopus database category Q1/Q2 with H-Index, and articles that were published in an international journal with the Elsevier homepage with Impact Factors from 2014-2020. The instrument used in this study was the code submission sheet. The data analysis was conducted through SPSS version 21. The test result obtained significance values p 0.05, so that the dry land training model provided a valid effect size in improving the performance of water polo athletes. Therefore,   was refused. The conclusion of this study is that the dry-land training model provides a significant effect on the performance of water polo athletes. The study also concludes that the Athlete's age, exercise intensity, and compliance with training rules become the factors that affect the improvement of water polo athlete performance.
Religious Policy in Late Imperial Russia: State and Orthodox Church in the Buryat Spiritual Space
Authors: Amogolonova Darima D.
Published: September 2020

The paper analyses the situation that took the most expressed forms since the late 19th century and reflected strengthening criticism from the Orthodox Church against both the Buddhist clergy and the Russian state. The contradictions between the state and the Orthodox policies were caused by differences in principles, since when giving Buddhism some legitimacy the government was guided by the interests of Russia in the east of the Empire, while the Orthodox Church saw its task in suppressing the influence of the Buddhist clergy through the soonest religious and ideological homogenisation of Buryats with the ethnic Russian population
Modern Approaches to the History of Altai in the 18th – Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Bobrov Denis S. , Goncharov Iurii M. , Demchik Evgenia V. , Skubnevsky Irina V. , Skubnevsky Valerii A.
Published: September 2020

This article is the result of the historiographical analysis concerning the history of the Altai development, Altai being a significant region of modern Siberia and Russia. The authors present the main directions of studying the Altai history of the 18th – early 20th centuries, as well as scientific and methodological approaches used by historians in the last two decades. The examination includes such directions of studying Altai history, practiced in the last two decades, as frontier development, history of management, socio-economic development, agrarian colonization, history of entrepreneurship, social and gender studies, etc. The general state of historical science associated with the growth of public interest in history, review of theoretical and methodological foundations of historical research determined the development of historical Siberian studies concerning Altai in this period. Consequently, the historical study of Altai in the modern (post-Soviet) research shows the importance of modern history-oriented regional studies. Moreover, the development of the historical studies regarding such a large and major region as Altai in the last 20 years evinces the existence of a multidimensional regionaloriented scientific school in Russian historiography
Formation of Immigrant Neighbourhoods in Sweden: a Case-Study of Rinkeby, Stockholm
Authors: Egorova Tatiana D. , Ivanova Nataliya S. , Varshaver Evgeni A.
Published: September 2020

The article describes the pattern of the formation of immigrant neighbourhoods in Sweden based on the neighbourhood of Rinkeby in Stockholm as an example. The research involves an analysis of related published studies and empirical data, which made it possible to analyse the urban history of Stockholm and synthesise the causes, premises and the timeline of Rinkeby’s development, including the Million Homes Programme and the consequences of the state housing policies on the neighbourhood. The article considers the infrastructural features of the neighbourhood nowadays, including the immigrant-oriented facilities and institutions and the prevalence of non-profit municipal rental housing, as well as the demographic characteristics of its inhabitants, including the classification of the population by the time of settlement in the neighbourhood. Finally, the article explores possible reasons for Swedes to avoid settlement in Rinkeby, such as low prestige, high percentage of immigrants in the population, high crime rate etc., as well as possible causes for further attractiveness of Rinkeby for immigrants, including shorter housing queues, immigrant infrastructure and culture in the neighbourhood
The Philosophical Category of the Ideal in the Models of the Future State of the Religious Extremists
Authors: Izluchenko Tatiana V. , Gergilev Denis N. , Bardakov Andrei V.
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the philosophical category of the ideal in the models of the future state structure, which are developed by the religious extremists in the context of modern social reality as the implementation of the ideal. The research is based on the activities of the Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami terrorist organization in Siberia. It is aimed at identifying the components of the religious extremist associations’ ideology of constructing a model of an ideal state. The socio-philosophical analysis of the ideology provisions and the hermeneutical approach to the manifestations of extremism serve the basis of the research methodology. The extremist ideas in religion are deviations from the norm and can arise in any religious tradition, thus expanding the scope of interpretations of religious law and positioning the existing situation in the religious community as untrue and distorted. The future state is represented by the extremists as an ideal social structure established on the principle of justice and in accordance with sacred precepts. The conflict of such worldview ideas as “it should be so” and “it is so” as well as the “perfectionist illusion” about an ideal society imply the possibility of creating an ideal world in modern social reality. Violence is understood as a necessary means to achieve this goal if other methods are ineffective. The authors characterize the similarities between the models of an ideal society developed by the religious extremism and the utopias in terms of content and interpretation, as well as religious extremist consciousness and utopian thinking in terms of structure and orientation. The ideologies of extremist associations embrace the understanding of the principle of justice, the idea of exclusivity, the model of the ideal, and the theological foundations of social actions. The tendency of thinking to utopian ideas, the intuitive assumption of the existence of an ideal, just society, and the conflict between “the proper” and “the existing” contribute to the spread of extremist ideas. Extremism uses the properties of consciousness: religiousness and thinking in absolute categories (in a destructive aspect in order to add naturalness to its ideas) and religious ideas (in order to justify illegal activities with a sacred will). The actions of the members of the extremist associations are given the status of free personal choice regarding the fulfillment of religious prescriptions and the divine will to create a world just society
Socio-Cultural Adaptation of Tuvan Students in Educational Environment of Tomsk
Authors: Khomushku Olga M. , Kukhta Maria S. , Raitina Margarita Yu.
Published: September 2020

This study is relevant owing the modern world, which is focused on a multiethnic educational space maintenance. The article reveals the stages of Tuvan students’ adaptation in Tomsk’s educational space. Using a systemic approach, different levels of sociocultural adaptation – ethnopsychological, social, linguistic and religious – are unveiled. The authors investigate the process of developing new types of cognitive and educational activities of Tuvan students in the universities of Tomsk and propose methods to create an unlimited interaction in a multi-ethnic educational environment
Study of Recreation Forms During the Period of the Great Patriotic War by the Method of Oral History
Authors: Lushnikova Olga L. , Lushnikov Viktor K.
Published: September 2020

The paper concerns the recreation forms of the population of the South of Krasnoyarsk Krai during the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of this work is to give the general idea of recreation forms at that time. There are a lot of quantitative studies devoted to recreation in wartime, however, qualitative researches are more valuable for a deeper understanding of life in that period. The method of oral history is more relevant for this purpose because it allows exploring the direct people’s experience in the past. The article is based on the interview data of 26 persons (aged 78–88 years) collected in the period of 2011–2017. The analysis allowed outlining a general view of wartime recreation in the South of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Firstly, the study revealed diverse forms of recreation. These are reading books in libraries, listening to the radio, going to the theaters and circus (both local and visiting), and mobile cinemas. Evening dancing parties to live concertina, accordion or bayan music, and in some places to the brass band can be called a special form of recreation. Secondly, this study found differences between urban and rural recreation. Rural people had fewer opportunities for recreational activities. For example, in rural areas most libraries were closed due to the lack of funding. Thirdly, interpersonal communication, which allowed people to relax, to have rest and to share their experiences and emotions with other people, played a very important role
Woman’s Status in the Kalmyk and Buryat Buddhist Tradition: History and the Current State
Authors: Ulanov Mergen S. , Badmaev Valeriy N. , Radionov Andrey V.
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the problem of the woman’ status in the history of Buddhism of the Mongol-speaking peoples of Russia, such as the Kalmyks and the Buryats. Special attention is paid to the female clergy issue in the religious history of these indigenous groups. The authors note that with the spread of Buddhism, women in Buryatia and Kalmykia acquired a higher social and religious status, which is enshrined in legal documents. At the same time, in the traditional Kalmyk and Buryat society a woman was generally excluded from active social life and could not make a career in the religious sphere. In the 20th century, the position of Kalmyk and Buryat women in the society underwent significant societal changes. The Soviet state sought to involve the women of Kalmykia and Buryatia into building a new society, actively fighting against the Buddhist religion and conducting the nation-wide atheistic propaganda. All these contributed to the significant decrease in the religiosity of the population in these regions, including its female part. Today, the position of women in the religious life of Kalmykia and Buryatia is characterized as ambivalent. On one hand, in traditional Buddhist organizations women can only occupy the positions of worshipers, secular employees, or perform certain religious duties during rites. On the other hand, the women’s role in the laity is more significant. They take an active part in the life of Buddhist communities and organizations, study Buddhist philosophy and medicine. Buddhist activists in modern Buddhist communities in these regions of Russia make a great contribution to the revival of Buddhism. Even though the majority of the Buddhist clergy is made up by men, these are women who constitute the majority of lay practitioners both in Kalmykia and Buryatia
Can EU Civil Society Elites Burst the Brussels Bubble? Civil Society Leaders’ Career Trajectories
Authors: Lindellee Jayeon , Scaramuzzino Roberto
Published: September 2020

The Brussels-based civil society organizations (CSOs) have been conceived by the EU to act as a bridge between the bureaucratic elites and the citizens of Europe. The institutionalized presence of the major EU-based CSOs has, however, called their legitimacy into question, as exemplified by notions such as ‘revolving doors’ implying homogeneous social, educational, and professional backgrounds shared by both EU officials and CSO leaders. This article therefore asks the following questions: To what extent do the leaders of EU-based CSOs merely reproduce the types of capital that mirror those of the political elites in the so-called ‘Brussels bubble’? To what extent do the CSO leaders bring in other sets of capital and forms of recognition that are independent of the Brussels game? How can we explain differences in the salience of EU capital found across policy areas, types of leadership positions, and types of organizations? Empirically, this article qualitatively analyzes the career trajectories of 17 leaders of EU-based peak CSOs that are active in social and environmental policy areas. Despite the highly integrated and institutionalized characteristics shared by all organizations, we find diversity in the composition of the leaders in terms of the extent to which their career trajectories are embedded in the EU arena.
Organizational Identity of Think Tank(er)s: A Growing Elite Group in Swedish Civil Society
Authors: Åberg Pelle , Einarsson Stefan , Reuter Marta
Published: September 2020

Think tanks, defined as organizations that produce policy research for political purposes (McGann, 2007; Medvetz, 2008), are an increasingly ubiquitous type of policy actor world-wide. In Sweden, the last 20 years’ sharp increase in think tank numbers (Åberg, Einarsson, & Reuter, 2019) has coincided with the decline of the traditional Swedish corporatist model based on the intimate involvement of the so-called ‘popular movements’ in policy-making (Lundberg, 2014; Micheletti, 1995). Contrary to the large, mass-membership based and democratically organized movement organizations, think tanks are small, professionalized, expert-based, and seldom represent any larger membership base. Their increasingly important role as the ideological greenhouses in Swedish civil society might, therefore, be interpreted as an indication of an increasingly elitist and professionalized character of the latter. But what is a think tank? The article explores how a shared understanding of what constitutes a think tank is constructed by think-tankers themselves. In the study, interviewed think tank executives and top-level staff reflect upon their own organizations’ missions and place in the Swedish policy system.
STUDY OF THE AIR POLLUTION STATE MONITORING AND DIRECTIONS FOR ITS IMPROVEMENT IN KIEV CITY
Authors: Dyachuk V.A. , Bashtannik M.P. , Kiptenko E.M. , Kozlenko T.V. , Nadtochii L.M.
Published: September 2020

The state of air pollution monitoring in Kyiv city was investigated. There were discussed the relevance of observation system optimization, advantages and disadvantages of the current monitoring network for air pollution in the urban atmosphere. The united complex approach was used for justification of mentioned optimization, which was combined with emission inventories databases, meteorological air pollution potential characteristics, ratified ground-based measurements data of main pollutants, and demographic urban features. The paper discusses main meteorological parameters which drive pollutants’ dispersion. Analysis provide evidence of its huge impact for the pollution regime formation and tendency to the decline of air quality, which must be taken in consideration during optimization for atmospheric air monitoring. The process of optimization for atmospheric air monitoring takes into account the orographic urban features used mainly for the purpose of statistically valid data provision. Therefore, in small microclimatic zones the monitoring sites are located within relief bodies, which are representative for the area. The research estimates results of boundary pollutants’ content caused by middle and high stationary emission sources, defined from the methodology connected with combined IEM diffusive model. Analysis of observations confirms the accuracy of defined structure for urban pollution fields. The combine usage of modeling results and observations allows increasing of atmospheric air quality estimations and helps to optimize the network with minimal amount of necessary representative sites.
Two-way communication retrial queue with unreliable server and multiple types of outgoing calls
Authors: Nazarov Anatoly A. , Paul Svetlana V. , Lizyura Olga D.
Published: September 2020

Retrial queue under consideration is the model of call center operator switching between input and outgoing calls. Incoming calls form a Poisson point process. Upon arrival, an incoming call occupies the server for an exponentially distributed service time if the server is idle. If the server if busy, an incoming call joins the orbit to make a delay before the next attempt to take the server. The probability distribution of the length of delay is an exponential distribution. Otherwise, the server makes outgoing calls in its idle time. There are multiple types of outgoing calls in the system. Outgoing call rates are different for each type of outgoing call. Durations of different types of outgoing calls follow distinct exponential distributions. Unsteadiness is that the server crashes after an exponentially distributed time and needs recovery. The rates of breakdowns and restorations are different and depend on server state. Our contribution is to obtain the probability distribution of the number of calls in the orbit under high rate of making outgoing calls limit condition. Based on the obtained asymptotics, we have built the approximations of the probability distribution of the number of calls in the orbit.
Calculation of the normal modes of closed waveguides
Authors: Malykh Mikhail D. , Divakov Dmitriy V. , Egorov Alexandre A. , Kuziv Yaroslav Yu.
Published: September 2020

The aim of the work is the development of numerical methods for solving waveguiding problems of the theory of waveguides, as well as their implementation in the form of software packages focused on a wide range of practical problems from the classical issues of microwave transmission to the design of optical waveguides and sensors. At the same time, we strive for ease of implementation of the developed methods in computer algebra systems (Maple, Sage) or in software oriented to the finite element method (FreeFem++). The work uses the representation of electromagnetic fields in a waveguide using four potentials. These potentials do not reduce the number of sought functions, but even in the case when the dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability are described by discontinuous functions, they turn out to be quite smooth functions. A simple check of the operability of programs by calculating the normal modes of a hollow waveguide is made. It is shown that the relative error in the calculation of the first 10 normal modes does not exceed 4%. These results indicate the efficiency of the method proposed in this article.
Simulation of non-stationary event flow with a nested stationary component
Authors: Pleshakov Ruslan V.
Published: September 2020

A method for constructing an ensemble of time series trajectories with a nonstationary flow of events and a non-stationary empirical distribution of the values of the observed random variable is described. We consider a special model that is similar in properties to some real processes, such as changes in the price of a financial instrument on the exchange. It is assumed that a random process is represented as an attachment of two processes - stationary and non-stationary. That is, the length of a series of elements in the sequence of the most likely event (the most likely price change in the sequence of transactions) forms a non-stationary time series, and the length of a series of other events is a stationary random process. It is considered that the flow of events is non-stationary Poisson process. A software package that solves the problem of modeling an ensemble of trajectories of an observed random variable is described. Both the values of a random variable and the time of occurrence of the event are modeled. An example of practical application of the model is given.
Charge diffusion in homogeneous molecular chains based on the analysis of generalized frequency spectra in the framework of the Holstein model
Authors: Tikhonov Dmitry A. , Sobolev Egor V. , Lakhno Victor D.
Published: September 2020

We analyzed numerically computed velocity autocorrelation functions and generalized frequency spectra of charge distribution in homogeneous DNA sequences at finite temperature. The autocorrelation function and generalized frequency spectrum (frequency-dependent diffusion coefficient) are phenomenologically introduced based on the functional of mean-square displacement of the charge in DNA. The charge transfer in DNA was modeled in the framework of the semi-classical Holstein model. In this model, DNA is represented by a chain of oscillators placed into thermostat at a given temperature that is provided by the additional Langevin term. Correspondence to the real DNA is provided by choice of the force parameters, which are calculated with quantum-chemical methods. We computed the diffusion coefficient for all homogenous DNA chains with respect to the temperature and found a special scaling of independent variables that the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient for different homogenous DNA is almost similar. Our calculations suggest that for all the sequences, only one parameter of the system is mainly responsible for the charge kinetics. The character of individual motions contributing to the charge mobility and temperature-dependent regimes of charge distribution is determined.
THE FORMATION OF SPECIAL RIGIDITYAS A THEORETICAL AND LEGAL CONCEPT
Authors: Menshikova A. G. , Dumanskaya E. I.
Published: September 2020

The article provides a historical analysis of the legislative consolidation of the sign of «special cruelty» and related categories. The legal role of this feature at different stages of the formation of criminal law is determined. The authors consider scientific ideas regarding the interpretation of the concepts of «special cruelty», «torture», «torture» and other forms of cruel behavior in the doctrine of criminal law and law enforcement practice of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. In conclusion, the continuity of the norms of the current criminal law in the application and determination of the sign of «special cruelty» is revealed, similar features and significant differences are determined.
THE SEIZURE OF NON-CASH FUNDS THROUGH THE USE OR THREAT OF VIOLENCE
Authors: Bashkov A. V.
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the issue of qualification of theft of non-cash funds through the use of violence or the threat of its use. It is proposed to Supplement the current resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court on November 30, 2017 No. 48 «On judicial practice in cases of fraud, misappropriation and embezzlement» explanation of the qualification of violent methods of taking non-cash funds.
LEGAL CONTENT OF CATEGORY“PREPARATION FOR PERFORMANCE OF AN INTENTIONAL CRIME”
Authors: Lapshin V. F. , Nadiseva E. H.
Published: September 2020

The implementation of criminal liability for an unfinished crime, interrupted at the stage of preparation, is not consistent with the basic criminal law requirements, since the act committed at the stage of preparation, clearly does not contain any signs of a crime or its composition. At the same time, the imposition of punishment is carried out in accordance with the sanction of the norms of the Special part of the criminal code, which indicates the existence of an act not actually committed by the convicted person. This allows us to raise questions about the legality and necessity of bringing a person to criminal responsibility for an act recognized as preparation for the Commission of an intentional crime. The analysis of provisions of the current criminal legislation, sources of scientific literature, and also materials of judicial practice on criminal cases about incrimination of preparatory actions, allowed to draw a conclusion according to which attraction of the person to responsibility for Commission of the act characterized as preparation for Commission of crime, contradicts the principle of legality and justice. In this regard, it is proposed to change the current criminal legislation, eliminating the rules on the preparation of the Institute of unfinished crime.
EVOLUTION OF PUNISHMENT IN RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW:PROBLEMS OF CONSISTENCY AND IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Rozenko S. V.
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the evolution of punishment in Russian criminal law and scientific doctrine. The article considers the dynamics of development and improvement of the definition of punishment in the Soviet and Russian criminal legislation. The refusal of punishment in punishment is analyzed, which is explained by the development of several trends of mitigation of punishment. Changes in many provisions on punishment confirm that this institution has a social and legal necessity and importance for society and the state. Is considered a long process of exclusion from the punishment uncharacteristic of regulations and the formation of the criminal code of legal structure, where the punishment has ceased to be an obligatory consequence of the crime, as embodied and other measures of criminal-legal nature, like legal consequences of the crime. The essence of criminal punishment is recognized as a historically variable category, since it is determined by the objectives of criminal policy implemented by the state. Punishment includes legal restriction of the person, its rights and freedoms, but it is caused by system interaction with other measures of criminal-legal character.
19. YÜZYILDA MEKTEB-İ MÜLKİYE MEZUNLARININ DEVLET KADEMELERİNDE İSTİHDAM EDİLMELERİ ÜZERİNE ÖRNEKLER
Authors: Özkan Ela
Published: September 2020

19. yüzyıl Osmanlı Devletinde Tanzimat Fermanı’nın ilan edilmesi batılılaşma yolunda atılan önemli bir adımdır. Bu süreçten en fazla etkilenen kişilerin başında devlet kademesinde görev alan idareciler olmuştur. Nitekim idari kadrolarda artık iyi tahsilli ve yabancı dil bilgisi olan kişilere ihtiyaç duyulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu kişilerin yetiştirilmesi aşamasındaki girişimlerden ilki II. Mahmut döneminde Mekteb-i Maârif-i Adliyye ve Mekteb-i Ulûm-i Edebiyye okullarının açılmasıyla başlamış, Abdülmecit zamanında açılan Mekteb-i Fünûn-ı Mülkiyye’nin kurulmasıyla da devam etmiştir. Amaç, okullarda donanımlı kişiler yetiştirmek, bunun için de kişileri yetenekleri ölçüsünde belirli sınavlara tabi tutmaktır. II. Abdülhamit döneminde ise Mekteb-i Fünün-u Mülkiyenin ismi ve içeriği değiştirilerek daha kapsamlı bir okul olan Mekteb-i Mülkiye-i Şahane açılmıştır. Bu okul, hem ders içeriği hem de uygulamaları sayesinde 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı Devletinde bilgi ve kültür seviyesi yüksek, görev alacağı işe hâkim idareciler yetiştirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu okuldan mezun olacak idareci adaylarının istihdamı ve görev alacakları süreçte yapmaları gerekenler hususundaki düzenlemelere de oldukça önem verilmiş, bunun için görev alacakları yerlerdeki vazifeleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Mektebi-i Mülkiyeden mezun olan kişilerin istihdamı hususunda özellikle idari alanda yöneticilik üzerine atamaların olduğu, ancak bunun dışında Hariciye Nezareti, Maarif Kalemi ve Dâhiliye dairesi gibi pek çok kurumda görev aldıkları tespit edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Mekteb-i Mülkiye’den mezun olan kişilerin hangi kurumlarda görev aldıkları ve göreve atanma sürecinde nasıl bir uygulamaya tabi tutuldukları üzerine tespitler örneklerle açıklanacaktır.
Ten years of the Russian metabolomics: history of development and achievements
Authors: Lokhov P.G. , Balashova E.E. , Trifonova O.P. , Maslov D.L. , Archakov A.I.
Published: September 2020

Metabolomics is one of the omics sciences, the technologies of which are widely used today in many life sciences. Its application influenced the discovery of new biomarkers of diseases, the description of biochemical processes occurring in many organisms, laid the basis for a new generation of clinical laboratory diagnostics. The purpose of this review is to show how metabolomics is represented in the studies of Russian scientists, to demonstrate the main directions and achievements of the Russian science in this field. The review also highlights the history of metabolomics, existing problems and the place of Russian metabolomics in their solution.
Mass-spectrometric MRM analysis of FDA-verified proteins in the blood plasma of healthy volunteers
Authors: Novikova S.E. , Farafonova T.E. , Tikhonova O.V. , Shushkova N.A. , Pyatnitsky M.A. , Zgoda V.G. , Ponomarenko E.A. , Lisitsa A.V. , Grigoryev A.I. , Tutelyan V.A. , Archakov A.I.
Published: September 2020

The proteomic composition of a biological sample serves as the most important feature of a biological object, and it allows discriminating normal and pathological conditions. Targeted mass spectrometric analysis, namely, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using synthetic isotopically-labeled internal standard (SIS), is the main alternative to the ELISA method for the analysis of diagnostically significant proteins. Based on the MRM results, a prototype test system has been developed; it employs the targeted mass spectrometric method for multiplex, quantitative analysis of FDA-verified proteins in whole blood plasma. Using this approach, it was possible to measure the content of 42 proteins in 31 samples in a concentration range spanning five orders of magnitude. The interindividual variability for 30 of the 42 registered proteins was less than 40%. The largest scatter was observed for haptoglobin (68%), immunoglobulin heavy constant delta IGHD (90%), angiotensin (72%), sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG (100%) and lipoprotein-(a) (136%). The obtained results on the concentration of proteins correlate with published data (Hortin et al., 2008, Clinical Chemistry, 54, 1608) with R2=0.84. The developed prototype test system based on targeted mass spectrometric analysis of proteins can be considered as an alternative to methods using monoclonal antibodies.
An Attempt to Foster and Enhance Students’ Speaking Skills by Using VoiceThread Videos within a Flipped Lesson Plan
Authors: Corsi García Luisa Josefa
Published: September 2020

My testimony presents a description of an in-class flip lesson plan that uses VoiceThread videos, and which was applied in two different courses of the Academic English Program at the University of Los Andes. First, I provide a general overview of the teaching context. Next, I describe the pre- and in-class activities. Then I present my insights and perceptions about the teaching interaction dynamics and learning culture, which shifted from teacher-centered to student-centered and thus generated a radical change in my students’ attitude and behavior. Subsequently, I explain some aspects to be considered for future practices. Finally, I provide an overall conclusion.
Study of transcanalicular endonasal laser DCR: Our experience
Authors: Bhojak Ashish , Thanth Ashok , Trivedi Nitin
Published: September 2020

Surgical classical DCR with external approach is considered as mainstay treatment with higher success rates for nasolacrimal duct obstructions. But In certain conditions, Transcanalicular endonasal laser DCR is proven more advantageous than classical DCR due to less complications like bleeding and low morbidity with acceptable success rate. The purpose of this study is to study the success rate and complications of Transcanalicular laser-assisted endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. We present our experience of transcanalicular enonasal laser DCR done in 50 patients with 6 month follow-up period. Diode laser was used to create ostium in all cases. Success rate of surgery is defined by patent sac syringing at each follow-up visit in most cases. Complications observed like bleeding, lid edema and pain are minor and easily manageable. At the end of our study, the final success rate is around 60% which is acceptable and comparable to other studies. Transcanalicular laser-assisted DCR, is a newer approach for nasolacrimal duct obstruction with good success rate and minimal complications with Shorter surgical time, faster recovery and better cosmesis than external classical DCR.