bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior Scoliosis Correction with Intervertebral De-Tethering Releases for the Treatment of Patients 5 to 10 Years of Age with Early Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Antonacci M. Darryl , Cerrone Janet , Yung Anthony , Cuddihy Laury , Betz Randal
Published: January 2025

Anterior Scoliosis Correction (ASC) with anterior longitudinal ligament and annular disc complex (intervertebral) de-tethering releases is the authors’ multi-year advancement of their original mini-open vertebral body tethering technique to include a dual screw-line construct and multi-level intervertebral de-tethering releases. The study included patients diagnosed with early onset scoliosis, aged 5-10 years of age, Sanders stage 2 or less, Risser sign of 0, open triradiate cartilages, and a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Within a database encompassing 840 patients treated by ASC, 15 patients (17 curves) met the inclusion criteria. The average duration of follow-up for this cohort was 48.3 months (range 25 to 86 months). The mean age at the time of surgery was 8 years (range 5.7 to 10.1 years). Preoperative scoliosis curves averaged 81° (range 58° to 100°). At the most recent follow-up, the instrumented curves improved to an average of 22° (range -15° to 68°) and mean correction of 75%. Preoperative 3-D kyphosis, calculated as an average of -6° (range -23° to +20°), was improved to an average of + 28° (range ‑1° to +59°) at latest follow-up. As may be anticipated with early onset scoliosis, 11 of the 15 patients underwent a secondary surgical procedure an average of 43 months following the index procedure. Of these 11, lengthening was necessary for overcorrection in 3 patients (20%), revision or subsequent stage ASC was done for additional correction adjustment in 6 patients (40%), and spinal fusion was performed in 2 patients (13%). In conclusion, a cohort of 15 patients aged 5-10 years with early onset scoliosis treated by ASC with intervertebral de-tethering releases (initial average curve of 81°) demonstrated a substantial mean correction of 75% in the instrumented curve. Although 2/15 patients (13%) subsequently underwent posterior spinal fusion, these early outcomes suggest a potential alternative to traditional posterior growing rod system approaches and posterior spinal fusion for these young patients.
The role of nurses in national TB control programs: qualitative insights from TB Cohort Review in Wales
Authors: Barry Tamas , Hester Yvonne , Pallmann Philip , Jones Emma , Underwood Jonathan , Backx Matthijs , Barry Simon
Published: January 2025

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) cohort review was implemented nationally in Wales in 2012 as a systematic process for reviewing all notified cases of TB and evaluating outcomes to improve service delivery. Local TB teams collect outcome data, and then all notified cases are presented for discussion and expert feedback at a multi-disciplinary, all-Wales CR meeting.

Aims: Nurses are crucial in national TB control programs in low-incidence countries, carrying out resource-intensive activities such as contact tracing. This qualitative study aims to explore nurses’ experiences of cohort review, identify successes, and explore barriers to improving TB care.

Methods: Questionnaires were developed using Microsoft Forms and distributed electronically to all nurses involved in TB care across Wales. They used a mixture of Likert-scale and open-ended questions. Qualitative data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Questionnaire responses were collected from 19/23 (82.6%) nurses. Responses highlighted significant regional disparities in time and resource allocations to TB nursing teams. Thematic analysis results broadly aligned with the quantitative findings, identifying essential areas such as the lack of consultant support and the emotional impacts of presenting at meetings. Despite these challenges, nurses reported that the implementation of CR has improved TB care and fostered a stronger community of TB professionals across Wales.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the necessity of dedicated, well-resourced TB nursing teams in low-incidence countries to ensure the sustainability of high-quality TB care.
Physiological Interpretation of Cardiotocograph (CTG): The intrapartum “FIT- CAT” to aid the timely recognition of pathology-based evolution of changes on the CTG
Authors: Chandraharan Edwin
Published: January 2025

Physiological interpretation of cardiotocograph (CTG) involves determining the combination or sequence of features of the fetal heart rate to recognise different types of fetal hypoxic or non-hypoxic (e.g., chorioamnionitis) stresses, as well as scrutinising the CTG trace to differentiate features suggestive of fetal compensatory responses from decompensation. The Fetal Monitoring Checklist was recommended in 2017, and this has been recently endorsed by the International Expert Consensus Statement on Physiological Interpretation of CTG produced by more than 50 CTG experts from over 20 countries. The aim of the Fetal Monitoring Checklist is to exclude or to identify features suggestive of pre-existing fetal compromise by assessing the oxygenation of fetal central organs, placental function and the wider clinical context. This enables the frontline clinicians to ask the question “Is THIS fetus FIT to undertake the progressively hypoxic journey of human labour?” However, some pre-existing risk factors may manifest after the onset of established labour due to the super-imposed hypoxic stress. Similarly, intra-amniotic infection following a recent spontaneous prelabour rupture of membranes may be silent during the incubation period, but it may manifest during labour. In such cases, the use of the Fetal Monitoring Checklist may lead to the clinicians concluding that the “Fetus is FIT for Labour”, although, there is increased risk of fetal compromise with the passage of time and intrapartum super-imposed hypoxic stress. The intrapartum “FIT-CAT” (FIT for labour -Clinical Anticipation Tool) is designed to aid frontline clinicians to anticipate the changes on the CTG which are likely to occur during labour, based on the identified antenatal or intrapartum risk factors. This intrapartum anticipation tool may enable the timely recognition of features on the CTG which heralds the onset of fetal decompensation in fetuses who are deemed “FIT” to commence labour with pre-existing risk factors and/or develop intrapartum risk factors. Prompt recognition and appropriate management based on individualisation of care and the understanding of the impact of clinical context on the CTG trace may help improve perinatal outcomes.
Optimization of protein extraction from mallow leaves: enhancing yield through various extraction methods
Authors: Aksoy Caf Zülal , Akyüz Ayça , Ersus Seda
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on mallow leaves as a potential protein source, aiming to enhance protein yield through various extraction methods. Firstly, frozen, vacuum-dried, and freeze-dried mallow leaves were compared in terms of protein content and the freezing (42.33%) has the highest protein content in dry basis. In order to increase protein yield, as the second step, the extraction process was carried out at different pH values (9 and 10) and the highest protein concentration of 1.535 mg/mL was detected at pH 10. Step 3 was the extraction temperature, which is performed at 55, 60 and 65 ̊C and the protein content of protein concentrates were 50.07%, 45.31% and 36.96%, respectively. In the next step, 10, 15 and 20 mL/g solvent/solid ratios were tried, and 10 mL/g had the highest protein content (53.07%). As the last step, the optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters were determined as 20 min at 100% amplitude. Finally, the protein yield reached 60% with all these process steps.
Assessment of Methanol Production Potential from Industrial By-Product Gases
Authors: Inceoglu Didem , Sakallı Selver , Afacan Zeynep , Ünal Erdal , Işık Gülsaç Işıl , Er Ömer Orçun , Ataç Özlem
Published: January 2025

As global efforts intensify to mitigate climate change, innovative strategies are being explored to convert industrial by-product gases into valuable commodities, thereby contributing to sustainable practices and reducing carbon footprints. This study focuses on the potential for methanol production from carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) present in industrial gases, using hydrogen as a reactant. Kinetic models entered in to ASPEN HYSYS were employed to predict conversion rates, which were subsequently validated through laboratory-scale experiments. The highest conversion rates achieved were 69% for CO and 10% for CO2, highlighting the feasibility of converting waste gases into methanol, a key component in the circular economy.
A Narrative Review Aligning Food Security with Food Loss and Waste Reduction
Authors: Bayar Esila , Kalyoncu Atasoy Zeynep Begüm
Published: January 2025

This study explores the critical intersection between food security, sustainable development, and food loss and waste (FLW). Anchored in Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 and 12, the research emphasizes the importance of aligning efforts to end hunger with strategies to reduce FLW. Food security requires consistent access to nutritious food, yet food insecurity persists, affecting millions worldwide, with significant consequences for health, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. The current review examines various policy approaches across different regions, highlighting how differing strategies impact the effectiveness of FLW reduction and food security enhancement. For instance, while some countries focus on legislative measures to prevent food loss, others prioritize innovative practices such as repurposing near-expiry food or investing in sustainable food systems. The study also highlights innovative practices, such as municipal restaurants in Türkiye, which provide affordable and nutritious meals while minimizing waste, and cooperative initiatives empowering women. Additionally, the role of artificial intelligence and circular economy models in reducing FLW is explored, emphasizing the need for systemic and structural reforms. Global initiatives like the Food & Agriculture Organization’s “Save Food” campaign, along with policy-driven approaches such as food banks and food waste awareness campaigns, underscore the importance of a collaborative effort between governments, private sectors, and NGOs to tackle both the symptoms and root causes of food insecurity.
The Influence of Self-Determination on Non-suicidal Self-harm (NSSH) Sufferers in Yogyakarta Students
Authors: Syafii Muhammad Hisyam , Gusti Icha Liara
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the concept of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and self-harm behavior among students in Yogyakarta. Using a quantitative approach, the analysis used is simple linear regression analysis, with the subjects of this research being 84 student respondents in Yogyakarta. The sampling technique used by researchers is purposive sampling. The instruments used by researchers are the self-determination theory approach and the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) instrument which aims to assess self-harm behavior. This instrument consists of 22 items and the relative autonomy index (RAI), namely a score that predicts an individual's level of autonomy, which consists of 94. The research results show a strong relationship. The R-squared value shows the percentage of variability in y that is explained by x. The R-squared is 0.85, which means that 85% of the variability in y is explained by x. Apart from that, in the results there is a significant (p<0.5) influence that self-determination has an influence on self-harm behavior.
Epistemological Construction of Academic Self-Efficacy in Muslim Students: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study
Authors: Qudsi Mutiara Romadhon
Published: January 2025

This Study examines the epistemological construction of academic self-efficacy in Muslim students through a transcendental phenomenological approach. This Study is motivated by the complexity of the challenges faced by Muslim students in constructing academic self-efficacy in the contemporary era, where they must balance Islamic values ​​with modern academic demands. This Study analyzes relevant literature on academic self-efficacy and Islamic epistemology in higher education using a library research method. The results show that the epistemological construction of academic self-efficacy in Muslim students has unique characteristics that integrate spiritual dimensions with academics, reflected in the concept of tawakkal in academic efforts and learning motivation as worship. These findings have implications for the importance of developing an educational approach that accommodates the integration of Islamic spiritual values ​​in the formation of Muslim students' academic self-efficacy, as well as the need for a support system that considers the uniqueness of this epistemological construction in the development of academic programs in higher education.
IDB Behavioral Economics Group: Highlights 2024
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: January 2025

The IDB Behavioral Economics Group is an interdepartmental working group on behavioral economics. For over a decade, the IDB has been partnering with local and national governments in Latin America and the Caribbean to promote knowledge related to individual and collective decision-making. Our projects and interventions cover more than 20 countries in the region. Our work has focused on key sectors such as education, gender, health, social security, taxes, public administration, environment, road safety, and water and sanitation. Through our efforts, we hope to better serve our countries and continue improving people's lives. In this publication, you will find our project highlights for 2024.
Molecular Docking Studies of Siddha Herbal Formulations Keezharnelli Choornam and Kalarchi Choornamon CYP-17α -Hydroxylase for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Parvathy P. , Lekha G. S. , Kanagarajan A.
Published: January 2025

Background: Molecular docking has several uses in Siddha medicine, notably in herbal formulations. For Kalarchi choornam and Keezharnelli choornam, this molecular docking experiment has been conducted. Aim: Through molecular docking tests, the current study seeks to scientifically establish the effectiveness of Kalarchi and Keezharnelli choornam in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome and to identify the primary component interaction with CYP-17-hydroxylase. Methods: Auto dock 4 was used to perform docking calculations. By creating a hydrogen bond with the targets essential amino acids (Ala105, Arg239, and Asn202), phytocomponents block the PDB - 3RUK enzyme CYP-17-hydroxylase activity. These amino acid residues are in charge of substrate and inhibitor binding. Therefore, phytochemicals that block the target enzyme CYP-17-hydroxylase may be helpful in the treatment of PCOS. Results: The bioactive compounds discovered in Kalarchi and Keezharnelli choornam, including piperine, campesterol, beta-sitosterol, linoleic acid, and piperic acid, bind strongly to the target enzyme CYP-17-hydroxylase. Conclusion: The study shows that these compounds may alleviate PCOS by inhibiting the enzyme CYP-17-hydroxylase, reducing the pathogenesis of PCOS.
Exploring the Potential of Phytoconstituents for Immunomodulation as Natural Inhibitors of P-glycoprotein - A Computational Study
Authors: Roy Chandana , Ganguli Sayak , Ghosh Pratiti
Published: January 2025

Background: P-glycoprotein is an efflux transporter found on the walls of internal organs that interact with the environment, to reduce bioavailability of xenobiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs. Co-administration of herbal medicinal components as modulators or inhibitors may configure the transporter in favour of the drug, thus restricting its expulsion. Aim: The present study aims to explore such herbal medicinal components as potential p-glycoprotein inhibitors thus analyzing the possibility for retaining co-administered immunomodulatory medicines within target cells. Methods: Druggability and pharmacokinetic attributes of the natural compounds were analyzed. Molecular docking using CDOCKER program of Discovery studio (version 2019-21) was utilized to analyze the binding affinity between the natural compounds and 6C0V receptor. Molecular dynamics simulation was employed to evaluate the stability of potential binding compounds. Results: Molecular docking analyses of 462 components from 30 herbs revealed that the inhibitors viz., chelidonine, dihydroberberine, stylopine, fumariline from Chelidonium majus; akuammigine, echitamine from Alstonia scholaris; arjunone from Terminalia arjuna and pareirubrine A from Cissampelos pareira displayed strong binding affinity towards p-glycoprotein. Conclusion: These lead compounds viz., chelidonine, akuammigine and echitamine bearing the maximum binding potency, are known components of immune enhancing herbs. We propose that these molecules may be used in conjunction with immunomodulatory drugs to enhance their bioavailability.
Serviço Social e encontro com o passado: as raízes históricas da profissão no Amazonas na década de 1960
Authors: Soriano Maria Estefania da Silva , Andrade Roberta Ferreira Coelho de
Published: January 2025

Este artigo analisa o funcionamento da Escola de Serviço Social de Manaus, no estado do Amazonas – Brasil, na década de 1960, abordando a organização da formação profissional e os determinantes históricos que influenciaram sua incorporação à Universidade do Amazonas. Utilizando o método do Materialismo Histórico-Dialético, a pesquisa teve delineamento bibliográfico e documental, com importante acesso a fontes primárias que não passaram por qualquer processo de análise anterior. Foram catalogados e analisados distintos tipos de documentos localizados no Arquivo Central e no Departamento de Serviço Social da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Através do resgate histórico, os resultados revelaram que, entre 1941 e 1968, a formação teórico-prática promovida pela Escola refletia as influências franco-belga, higienista e norte-americana. A partir do ano de 1968, sob a gestão da Fundação Universidade do Amazonas, a incorporação da Escola à Universidade trouxe novos desafios e oportunidades para a expansão da formação em Serviço Social no estado do Amazonas.
Legal Consciousness in the Polish People’s Republic: The Epistemological Roots of the High Consensus Concept
Authors: Raburski Tomasz
Published: January 2025

The paper explores the case of legal consciousness research in Poland during the period from the 1960s to the 1990s, focusing on its epistemic foundations. Three distinct traditions – Western, Soviet, and Polish – are identified, each with varying levels of scholarly consensus and diverse sources of that consensus. The study offers a concise analysis of different conceptualisations of legal consciousness. The methodological framework of the sociology of law during this era is examined, drawing from Carl. E. Schorske’s concept of “new rigorism”. The research observes a certain feature of the Polish legal consciousness research – a prevalence of tripartite distinctions. The reasons behind this phenomenon are explored and interpreted as a consequence of deep epistemic assumptions rooted in positivism.
Navigating Financial Anxiety: Insights Into Family Financial Resources During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic
Authors: Li Yiting , S. Zuiker Virginia , Zhou Xiang , Yu Hanna
Published: January 2025

The onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its effects on U.S. families are still unfolding as well as the literature examining the impact the pandemic has had on families and their finances. This study examined the financial anxiety of 273 parents with young children aged 3 to 8 years during the early months of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Specifically, this study examined the predictors of financial anxiety, including parents, children, financial practice and coping, and general anxiety disorder. Grounded in the ABC-X Model of Family Stress (Hill, 1949), results indicated that the family perspective of stressors has potential impacts on the degree of crisis the family experiences, even when they have family financial resources to cope with the stressors. Financial professionals who work with families with young children should be aware of issues these parents with various demographic backgrounds and/or financial resources are experiencing at the onset of a global pandemic and understand their perspectives on financial hardship, in addition to tailoring financial adjustments with what an individual family needs in mind.
Childbirth Educators’ Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias and Intention to Self-Monitor Behavior
Authors: Newhouse-Bailey Megan E. , Ayars Candace L.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The lead researcher surveyed certified childbirth educators (n= 266) using modified versions of the Attitudes Towards Implicit Bias Instrument (ATIBI) and the CPD-REACTION Questionnaire. Most study participants (73%) reported they have participated in implicit bias education (IBE). Using a hierarchal regression, the lead researcher evaluated if years as a childbirth educator, ATIBI scores, and participation in IBE were associated with the intention to incorporate self-monitoring of implicit bias into practice. The findings of this study show that IBE increases the intention to self-monitor in childbirth educators by way of improved attitudes toward implicit bias (adjustedR2= .430,p< .05) and suggest requirements for childbirth educators are justified.
Ser professor/a de história
Authors: Santos Alessandra Soares , Coelho Araci Rodrigues
Published: January 2025

O artigo busca promover uma reflexão sobre o processo de construção das identidades docentes de professores e professoras de História da rede pública municipal de ensino de Belo Horizonte a partir dos memoriais produzidos por eles/as em um curso de pós-graduação latu sensu. Qual o significado atribuído à docência do/a professor/a de História construído por eles/as? Qual a relação da construção deste significado com a história de vida, a formação, o contexto social e as escolhas didático-pedagógicas realizadas por eles/as? Essas são algumas das questões que orientaram a pesquisa. Concluímos que a dinâmica de construção de suas identidades envolveu tanto uma linearidade inerente ao exercício de narrar a própria vida, quanto uma preocupação com as relações entre a escola, o ensino de História e a sociedade, além de reflexões sobre  o que ensinam e como ensinam.
Sustainable Development Strategies for Enhancing Gender Welfare in Kelurahan Kalitirti, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Ashri Ramadhan
Published: January 2025

This study explores sustainable development strategies to enhance gender welfare in Kelurahan Kalitirti, Sleman, Yogyakarta, with a primary focus on women's empowerment through integrated social and economic programs. Employing a qualitative research method, data were collected via in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The findings reveal that these programs significantly increased women's participation in local economic activities. Through various initiatives, women in this community have substantially contributed to the local economy and improved their families' welfare. Furthermore, the social support and skills training provided have bolstered women's independence and opened new business opportunities. The study concludes that this community-based sustainable development approach serves as an effective, replicable model for enhancing gender welfare in other regions. This approach not only positively impacts the economy but also addresses social aspects, reducing gender disparities at the local level.
Philosophy of Nursing and Caring
Authors: Kurz Jane M.
Published: January 2025

In response to an increase in the prevalence of compassion fatigue, nurse educators can guide nurses to use reflective practice and create a personal philosophy of nursing. Watson’s Human Caring Theory provides the foundation for caring for self by this reflective activity. Studies have shown that a reflective practice is associated with improved caring, communication, critical thinking, and positive well-being. There are 4 steps to writing a philosophy of nursing. Educators can provide guiding questions to help the writing process. Nurses at all stages of their career will benefit from this reflective activity.
Antibacterial and antifungi activity of pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb)leaf ethanolic extract and its n-heksan and etil acetate fraction
Authors: Setiyanto Riyan , Suhesti Iin , Utami Annisa Dwi
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang: Pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) merupakan tanaman yang sering dimanfaatkan daunnya sebagai bahan tambahan makanan, umumnya sebagai bahan pewarna hijau dan pemberi aroma(Mardiyaningsih and Aini, 2014). Daun Pandan wangi telah dikenal masyarakat sebagai obat herbal, diantara adalah efektif menyembuhkan diare(Jacky, Putri and Azizah, 2019),  antioksidan(Suryani et al., 2018) serta untuk mencegah pertumbuhan sel kanker(Mardiyaningsih and Aini, 2014). Daun Pandan Wangi mengandung alkaloid yang memiliki potensi aktivitas antibakteri dan antifungi(Faras, Wadkar and Ghosh, 2014).
Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri serta antifungi dari ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi etil asetat terhadap bakteri  Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan jamur Candida albicans.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan untuk uji adalah metode disc diffusion. Pengujian antibakteri dan antifungi dilakukan dengan replikasi sebanyak 3 kali.
Hasil: Zona hambat yang terbentuk diukur kemudian dianalisa menggunakan statistik dengan menggunakan menggunakan SPSS 22 dengan metode One Way Anova atau Kruskall Wallis.
Kesimpulan:  Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun pandan wangi didalam pelarut ethanol 70% intermediate terhadap Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Kata kunci : daun pandan wangi, metode disc diffusion, ethanol 70%, fraksi etilasetat, n-heksan
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT BIJI KESUMBA, FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT KUNYIT, DAN KOMBINASINYA
Authors: Asniati Asniati , Rahmalia Winda , Sayekti Endah
Published: January 2025

Background: Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize free radicals so they can prevent degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular, carcinogenesis and other diseases. Natural ingredients such as kesumba seeds and turmeric contain natural pigments that have antioxidant activity. Kesumba seeds contain bixin and turmeric contains curcumin, each of which is antioxidant compound that can protect cells in the body and prevent oxidative stress due to free radicals.
Objective: To determine the effect of the combination ratio of the ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds and the ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric on antioxidant activity.
Method: Extraction was carried out by maceration method and followed by fractionation. Qualitative test of the content of compounds in each extract and fraction of kesumba seeds and turmeric was carried out using the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The antioxidant activity test of each ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds (FB)and ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric (FK) and their combination were carried out using the DPPH method.
Results: The research results showed that each combination  in the ratio of ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds  (FB) to ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric (FK) that is (1:0), (3:7), (1:1), (7:3) and (0:1) each had an antioxidant activity of 242.95; 65.78; 42.48; 108.81 and 51.46 mg/L. The combination ratio of FB:FK that is  (1:1) has an effect on increasing antioxidant activity. This combination provides a synergistic effect which can increase antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 42.48 mg/L.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the combination of  ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds  (FB) to ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric (FK) has an effect on increasing antioxidant activity in the ratio of FB:FK (1:1) with an IC50 value of 42.48 mg/L which is included in the very strong antioxidant category.
Anticancer chemotherapies targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: a review on molecular insights
Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh Huong , Tran Thi-Kieu-Trinh , Nguyen Vu-Quynh-Nhu , Pham Thuy-Loc , Nguyen Thi-Thuy , Ngo Thi-Kieu-Diem , Vu Thi-Tram , Pham Thi-Phuong-Thao , Ha Hai-Anh
Published: January 2025

Background: The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, a highly conserved signaling axis involved in diverse physiological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and homeostasis balance, has been implicated in human cancer development and progression. Notably, various cancer types, such as colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, thyroid cancer, desmoid tumors, ovarian tumors, and multiple myeloma, have demonstrated associations with specific Wnt-activating mutations, emphasizing the widespread influence of the Wnt pathway in diverse malignancies. Objective: This review highlights the inhibitors targeting the Wnt ligand-receptor interface, focusing on their preclinical and clinical evaluations in various cancer types. Additionally, we explore small-molecule design strategies, focusing on inhibitors of β-catenin, GSK-3, and Porcupine. Method: Conducted as a narrative review, we collected and analyzed relevant papers from PubMed/Google Scholar and clinical trials associated with Wnt pathway inhibitors from clinicaltrial.gov. A total of 61 papers and 24 clinical trials were reviewed, providing an overview of the molecular insights within the research landscape of this field. Result: Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implicated in the progression of several solid tumors and hematological malignancies, highlighting the urgent need for targeted anticancer interventions. Our discussion on the inhibitors targeting the Wnt ligand-receptor interface highlights promising outcomes in both preclinical and clinical settings. This paper also presents the chemical structures of these compounds, detailing their interactions with key Wnt signaling components and their potential to disrupt aberrant signaling. The strategies for small-molecule design targeting the Wnt signal are discussed, highlighting inhibitors targeting β-catenin, GSK-3, and Porcupine. The complex chemical structures of these compounds are elucidated, showcasing their specific interactions with key components of the Wnt signaling pathway and their potential to disrupt aberrant Wnt signaling in diverse cancer types. The emerging directions and future prospects in Wnt pathway research demonstrate the importance of utilizing big data and artificial intelligence for drug development. Conclusion: The review delves into the potential inhibition of the disheveled protein as a promising target for cancer therapy, proposing novel molecular design strategies based on recent discoveries. Keywords: Wnt signaling pathway, β-catenin inhibitors, GSK-3 inhibitors, porcupine inhibitors, Disheveled protein inhibitors
Pharmacological and molecular mechanism of Syzygium polyanthum leaves as antihypertensive with network pharmacology approach
Authors: Tirtanirmala Prisnu , Mun'im Abdul , Firdayani
Published: January 2025

Background: In Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, Syzygium polyanthum leaves (SPL) have been traditionally used by society to reduce high blood pressure. However, the molecular mechanism behind this effect still remains unclear.Objective: This study aims to explore the antihypertensive molecular mechanisms of SPL using a network pharmacology approach.Method: Previous studies have investigated some bioactive compounds contained in SPL. Those studies identified 57 bioactive compounds, of which 31 were filtered for further analysis. Target proteins from SPL and disease were identified using GeneCards. Then, 62 selected target proteins which overlapped through Venn diagrams would be analyzed using Cytoscape software to produce compounds-target proteins’ network. Protein-protein interactions were assessed using STRING and visualized by Cytoscape. GO Function and KEGG Pathways were obtained using ShinyGo.Results: The results of this study revealed pathways associated with hypertension through the cellular senescence pathway with target proteins mTOR, ERK (also known as MAPK), p53, CycD, and IL6. The chemical constituents associated with these target proteins are hydroxychavicol, farnesol, naphthalene, phloretin, pyrogallol, and decanal, which were identified as compounds closely related to the target protein of hypertension.Conclusion: The bioactive compounds in SPL play a significant role in regulating hypertension by influencing various target genes, particularly those associated with cellular senescence. Keywords: Antihypertensive, bay leaf, cellular senescence, network pharmacology, Syzygium polyanthum
UJI STABILITAS FISIK DAN EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PADA PERESEPAN PUYER ERITROMISIN CHEWABLE TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Herawati Mutiara , Indrati Oktavia , Romadhonsyah Fitra , Purbaningtias Tri Esti , Dini Sekti Kartika , Rahmadani Yusi , Mardatillah Wahidatun
Published: January 2025

Intisari
Latar belakang: Eritromisin sering diresepkan untuk pasien pediatrik karena tersedia dalam bentuk tablet kunyah. Pada beberapa kondisi tablet kunyah dibuat puyer untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan pasien dalam mengonsumsi obat. Perubahan bentuk sediaan tablet kunyah menjadi puyer dapat memperluas permukaan obat sehingga berisiko mempengaruhi stabilitas fisik sediaan dan efektivitasnya terhadap suatu bakteri.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas fisik puyer dan efektivitas puyer eritromisin terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus pada hari ke-1 sampai ke-14.
Metode: pengujian ini dilakukan dengan membuat puyer eritromisin dalam dosis 200 mg yang biasa diberikan untuk pasien pneumonia dengan dosis 50 mg/kgBB/hari. Puyer akan diuji stabilitas fisiknya melalui uji organoleptis dan kelembapan. Selanjutnya puyer diuji efektivitasnya menggunakan metode difusi
cakram (Kirby Bauer) dengan mengukur diameter zona hambat puyer eritromisin 25,65 μg yang mengandung eritromisin 15 μg terhadap bakteri E.coli dan S.aureus.
Hasil: pengujian ini dilakukan dengan membuat puyer eritromisin dalam dosis 200 mg yang biasa diberikan untuk pasien pneumonia dengan dosis 50 mg/kgBB/hari. Puyer akan diuji stabilitas fisiknya melalui uji organoleptis dan kelembapan. Selanjutnya puyer diuji efektivitasnya menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby Bauer) dengan mengukur diameter zona hambat puyer eritromisin 25,65 μg yang mengandung eritromisin 15 μg terhadap bakteri E.coli dan S.aureus.
Kesimpulan: stabilitas fisik puyer dan efektivitas puyer terhadap bakteri E.coli dan S.aureus mengalami perubahan antara hari ke-1 hingga hari ke-14. Namun demikian, puyer tetap bersifat stabil secara fisik dan efektif terhadap suatu bakteri. 
Kata kunci: eritromisin, puyer, stabilitas fisik, efektivitas
Antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of neonatal outcomes: a scoping review
Authors: Febrianti Yosi
Published: January 2025

Background: Depression is a frequently encountered issue during pregnancy and postpartum. Both depression itself and the use of antidepressant medications can have implications for the infant's well-being. Studies have linked maternal depression to adverse outcomes like preterm birth, low birth weight, fetal growth restriction, and potential cognitive and emotional challenges for the child after birth. On the other hand, exposure to antidepressants during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, a decrease in birth weight, and congenital malformations. Objectives: In light of these considerations, a scoping review was conducted to examine recent research findings concerning antidepressant use during pregnancy.Methods: This study was a scoping review. Pubmed and Scopus databases were used to search for all relevant studies published from 2019 until 2023. Studies were excluded if they were case reports, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses. Finally, all eligible articles were assessed for their outcomes. Results: The use of SSRIs and duloxetine antidepressants in perinatal women was linked to preterm birth and smaller gestational sizes compared to controls, according to three cohort studies. Congenital malformation was also associated with duloxetine, mirtazapine, and atomoxetine use during pregnancy (3 cohort studies). Conclusions: Recognizing the potential risks to the infant and the risk of leaving maternal depression untreated is crucial when making the decision to use antidepressants during pregnancy. This underscores the importance of a thoughtful and informed approach to managing depression in pregnant women.Keywords: Antidepressant, drug safety, perinatal depression, pregnancy
The role of pharmacists at the implementation of transformational leadership in the central sterilization installation of hospitals
Authors: Nugroho Dwi Agung Nugroho , Kusuma Aris Perdana
Published: January 2025

Background: Pharmacists in hospitals have a role that is not only limited to the pharmacy installation and management but also contributes to the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) installation. The issue of sterilization and cleanliness of instruments and linen in hospitals is the responsibility of the CSSD to support the sustainability of quality services in hospitals. Although related to sterility, most of the staff of the installation CSSD in Indonesia are high school graduates with minimal health knowledge and are often transferred from other installations due to problems. Some hospitals combine CSSD with laundry; in contrast to the pharmacy installation, which actively involves pharmacists and pharmaceutical technical personnel, compliance with regulations and provisions is more highly respected compared to personnel in the CSSD installation.Objective: This study aims to analyse the application of transformational leadership style in CSSD installations in hospitals, while highlighting the lack of leadership studies in pharmacy and the effectiveness of leadership in managing installation performance in hospitals with non-health personnel.Methods: The methods used include direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires with samples consisting of installation leaders and staff CSSD in hospitals. We explore the factors influencing and challenges faced in implementing transformational leadership in a hospital CSSD environment.Results: The questionnaire results showed that the transformational leadership scores of the leaders were high, and most employees were satisfied with the implementation of transformational leadership. Some management concepts have been applied to improve performance, but many have not been able to provide change due to a lack of response from employees.Conclusion: A leader in CSSD installation must be flexible in adopting a leadership style that suits the situation and conditions; the application of leadership style must consider internal factors such as human resources quality and organizational structure as well as external factors that are hospital management and budget support.
Protection of Muslim Consumers’ Right To Information on Imported Food Without Halal Labeling
Authors: Riana Fatimah Azzahrani  , Retno Wulansari
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the protection of Muslim consumers’ right to information on imported food without halal labels and to investigate the responsibility of business actors for providing such information. Imported food offers a wide variety of options from around the world that can be enjoyed by Muslim consumers. However, not all imported food is guaranteed to be halal, which raises concerns among Muslim consumers. This research adopts a normative juridical approach, utilizing a statutory approach. The findings reveal that legal protection for Muslim consumers regarding the right to information on imported food without halal labels has been pursued by establishing halal product assurance institutions, BPOM supervision, halal certification regulations, and MUI halal certification. Nevertheless, its implementation remains suboptimal. Additionally, business actors have not fulfilled their responsibility to include halal labels on imported products. Consequently, when losses occur, business actors fail to provide compensation for the damages suffered by Muslim consumers.Keywords: Consumer Protection, Halal Label, Imported Food, Responsibility
AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perlindungan hak konsumen muslim atas informasi makanan impor tanpa label halal dan untuk mengetahui tanggung jawab pelaku usaha dalam menyediakan informasi tersebut. Makanan impor menawarkan berbagai macam pilihan dari seluruh dunia yang dapat dinikmati oleh konsumen Muslim. Namun, tidak semua makanan impor terjamin kehalalannya, sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran di kalangan konsumen Muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen muslim terkait hak atas informasi makanan impor tanpa label halal telah diupayakan dengan membentuk lembaga jaminan produk halal, pengawasan BPOM, peraturan sertifikasi halal, dan sertifikasi halal MUI. Namun demikian, implementasinya masih belum optimal. Selain itu, pelaku usaha belum memenuhi tanggung jawabnya untuk mencantumkan label halal pada produk impor. Akibatnya, ketika terjadi kerugian pelaku usaha tidak memberikan ganti rugi atas kerugian yang diderita oleh konsumen muslim.Kata kunci: Perlindungan Konsumen, Label Halal, Pangan Impor, Tanggung Jawab
A Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis Based on a New Expression of the Completed Zeta Function
Authors: Zhang Weicun
Published: January 2025

The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) is proved based on a new expression of the completed zeta function ξ(s), which was obtained through paring the conjugate zeros ρi and ρ ¯ i in the Hadamard product, with consideration of the multiplicities of zeros, i.e. ξ ( s ) = ξ ( 0 ) ∏ ρ ( 1 − s ρ ) = ξ ( 0 ) ∏ i = 1 ∞ ( 1 − s ρ i ) ( 1 − s ρ ¯ i ) = ξ ( 0 ) ∏ i = 1 ∞ ( β i 2 α i 2 + β i 2 + ( s − α i ) 2 α i 2 + β i 2 ) m i where ξ ( 0 ) = 1 2 , ρ i = α i + j β i and ρ ¯ i = α i − j β i are the complex conjugate zeros of ξ(s), 0 < αi < 1 and βi ≠ 0 are real numbers, mi ≥ 1 is the multiplicity of ρi, finite and unique (see Lemma 9 and Lemma 10), 0 < |β1 | ≤ |β2| ≤ ⋯. Then, according to the functional equation ξ(s) = ξ(1 − s), we have ∏ i = 1 ∞ ( 1 + ( s − α i ) 2 β i 2 ) m i = ∏ i = 1 ∞ ( 1 + ( 1 − s − α i ) 2 β i 2 ) m i Owing to the divisibility of the infinite product of polynomial factors and the uniqueness of mi , the above equation is equivalent to (see Lemma 3 for details) ( 1 + ( s − α i ) 2 β i 2 ) m i = ( 1 + ( 1 − s − α i ) 2 β i 2 ) m i , i = 1 , 2 , 3 , … , ∞ which is further equivalent to α i = 1 2 , 0 < | β 1 | < | β 2 | < | β 3 | < ⋯ , i = 1 , 2 , 3 , … , ∞ Thus we conclude that the RH is true.
Golden Angle Modulation in Complex Dimension Two
Authors: Hu Kejia , Li Hongyi , Zhao Di , Jiang Yuan
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a new geometric-shaping design for golden angle modulation (GAM) based on the complex geometric properties of open symmetrized bidisc, termed Bd-GAM, for future generation wireless communication systems. Inspired from the circular symmetric structure of the GAM, we construct the modulation schemes, Bd-GAM1 and Bd-GAM2. However, the optimization problem is hard to solve analytically, we consider this problem in the domain of symmetrized bidisc. Specifically, we joint the complex geometrics properties of symmetric bidisc and MI-optimized probabilistic modulation scheme. The symmetric bidisc is a bounded domain on which the Carathe´odory distance and the Kobayashi distance coincide. We can use the pseudo-metric mD in unit disc D to get the Kobayashi pseudo-distance and Carathe´odory pseudo-distance. With minimum SNR and entropy constraint, Bd-GAM1 and Bd-GAM2 can overcome the shaping-loss. This study finds that each constellation point of Bd-GAM has a unique phase and gain. Compared with the existed golden angle modulation introduced, the new design improves the mutual informaiton (MI), and the distance between adjacent constellation points.
Improved Order Tracking in Vibration Data Utilizing Variable Frequency Drive Signature
Authors: Sawalhi Nader
Published: January 2025

Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) are widely used in industry as an efficient means to control the rotational speed of AC motors by varying the supply frequency to the motor. VFD signatures can be detected in vibration signals in the form of sidebands (modulations) induced on tonal components (carrier frequencies). These sidebands are spaced at twice the “pseudo line” VFD frequency, as the magnetic forces in the motor have two peaks per current cycle. VFD-related signatures are generally less susceptible to interference from other mechanical sources, making them particularly useful for deriving speed variation information and obtaining a “pseudo” tachometer from the motor’s synchronous speed. This tachometer can then be employed to accurately estimate the speed profile, and to facilitate order tracking in mechanical systems for vibration analysis purposes. This paper presents a signal processing technique designed to extract a pseudo tachometer from the VFD signature found in a vibration signal. The algorithm was tested on publicly available vibration data from a test rig featuring a two-stage gearbox with seeded bearing faults operating under variable-speed conditions with no load; i.e. with minimal slip between the induction motor’s synchronous and actual speed. The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using VFD signatures both to extract an accurate speed profile and to effectively perform order tracking, leading to the identification of bearing faults. This approach offers an accurate and reliable tool for the analysis of vibration in mechanical systems driven by AC motors with VFDs. However, it is important to note that some inaccuracies may occur at higher motor slip levels under heavy or variable loads due to the mismatch between the synchronous and actual speeds. Slip-induced variations can further distort tracked order frequencies, compromising the accuracy of vibration analysis for gear mesh and bearing defects. These issues will need to be addressed in future research.
Feasibility Study of a PET Detector with Wavelength-Shifting Fiber Readout
Authors: Georgadze Anzori Sh.
Published: January 2025

We designed and evaluated performance of a high resolution large-area detector for positron emission tomography (PET) based on a crystal assembly readout using wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers, offering a cost-effective alternative to the direct readout of monolithic crystals with photodetectors. The considered detector geometries are made up of 4×4 assembly of LuY2SiO5:Ce (LYSO) crystal scintillators, each with surface area of 50×50 mm2 and thickness 7 or 15 mm optically coupled together using optical adhesive. The crystal assembly is coupled with orthogonal wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers of square cross-section placed on the top and bottom of the assembly. To evaluate the characteristics of the novel detector we used the GEANT4 to perform optical photon transport in the crystal assembly and WLS fibers. The simulation results show that best position resolution achieved is around 1.6 mm FWHM and 3.8 mm FWTM for crystal thickness 7 mm and 1.5 mm FWHM and 4.8 mm FWTM for crystal thickness 15 mm. Compared to direct photosensor readout, WLS fibers can drastically reduce the number of photosensors required while covering a larger sensitive detection area. In proposed detector design 2N photodetectors are used to cover the same image area instead of N2 with direct readout. This design allows for the development of a compact detector with an expanded effective field of view and reduced cost.