Infant- and family-centred developmental care for preterm newborns in neonatal care
Authors: Detollenaere Jens , Benahmed Nadia , Costa Elena , Christiaens Wendy , Devos Carl , Van Den Heede Koen 
Published: January 2025

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND.12 -- 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF ATTACHMENT BUILDING BETWEEN PARENTS AND NEWBORN 12 -- 1.2 WHAT DO INTERNATIONAL CHARTERS AND STANDARDS RECOMMEND? 13 -- 1.2.1 Convention on the Rights of the Child 13 -- 1.2.2 European Association for Children in Hospital .13 -- 1.2.3 European Standards of Care for Newborn Health 14 -- 1.3 DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 16 -- 1.3.1 Definition of infant- and family-centred developmental care (IFCDC) 16 -- 1.3.2 IFCDC delivery: related concepts and models .17 -- 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND METHODS 22 -- 1.5 SCOPE .23 -- 2 ORGANISATION OF NEONATAL CARE IN BELGIUM 23 -- 2.1 LOCAL NEONATAL CARE FUNCTION (N* FUNCTION) AND N* WARD 24 -- 2.1.1 Definition 24 -- 2.1.2 Licensing standards regarding staffing .24 -- 2.1.3 Architectural and functional licensing standards 25 -- 2.1.4 Current supply 25 -- 2.2 NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE SERVICE (NIC SERVICE) 26 -- 2.2.1 Definition 26 -- 2.2.2 Licensing standards regarding staffing .26 -- 2.2.3 Architectural and functional licensing standards 26 -- 2.2.4 Programming standards and minimum activity standards 27 -- 2.2.5 Current supply 27 -- 2.3 REGIONAL PERINATAL CARE FUNCTION (P* FUNCTION) 27 -- 2.3.1 Definition 27 -- 2.3.1 Licensing standards regarding staffing .27 -- 2.3.2 Architectural and functional licensing standards 28 -- 2.3.3 Current supply 28 -- 2.4 SUMMARY OF THE CURRENT ORGANISATION OF NEONATAL CARE .29 -- 2.5 REVENUE SOURCES OF HOSPITALS .30 -- 2.6 MEASURES FOR PARENTS 30 -- 2.6.1 Maternity leave 30 -- 2.6.2 Paternity/coparent leave 31 -- 2.6.3 Medical assistance leave .32 -- 2.6.4 Rooming-in 32 -- 3 PROFILE OF HOSPITALISED PRETERM NEWBORNS .33 -- 3.1 KEY POINTS .33 -- 3.2 INTRODUCTION .33 -- 3.3 METHODS 34 -- 3.3.1 Administrative databases .34 -- 3.4 RESULTS DATA ANALYSIS .34 -- 3.5 IMPACT OF COVID-19 45 -- 4 INTERVENTIONS TO PROVIDE NEONATAL INFANT- AND FAMILY-CENTRED DEVELOPMENTAL CARE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IN HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES 46 -- 4.1 KEY POINTS .46 -- 4.2 INTRODUCTION .46 -- 4.3 METHODS 47 -- 4.4 RESULTS 48 -- 4.4.1 Characteristics of the included trials 50 -- 4.4.2 Interventions 59 -- 4.5 CONCLUSION 81 -- 5 PARENTS PERSPECTIVES ON FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS OF IFCDC 82 -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION .82 -- 5.2 METHODS 82 -- 5.2.1 Design 82 -- 5.2.2 Sampling and selection .82 -- 5.2.3 Data collection tools 83 -- 5.2.4 Data analysis 84 -- 5.2.5 Ethical committee approval .84 -- 5.3 RESULTS 84 -- 5.3.1 Characteristics of the participants 84 -- 5.3.2 Advantages of anticipating preterm birth .87 -- 5.3.3 Difficulties for mothers of a preterm baby during maternity stay .89 -- 5.3.4 Difficulties for fathers of a preterm baby 91 -- 5.3.5 Informational, emotional and instrumental support help parents cope with the distress of having a preterm newborn 93 -- 5.3.6 Partnership between parents and neonatal staff is built on their availability and support 96 -- 5.3.7 Active involvement is much appreciated but not yet perfect 97 -- 5.3.8 Parents suffered the most from being separated from their child .101 -- 5.3.9 Challenges and opportunities regarding (breast)feeding and skin-to-skin care 109 -- 5.3.10 Improvements suggested by parents 118 -- 5.3.11 Conclusion and discussion 122 -- 6 HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS EVALUATION OF IFCDC .124 -- 6.1 KEY POINTS 124 -- 6.2 METHODS 125 -- 6.2.1 Online focus groups .125 -- 6.2.2 Sampling and selection 127 -- 6.2.3 Data collection and analysis 128 -- 6.3 RESULTS .128 -- 6.3.1 The importance of infant- and family-centred developmental care (IFCDC) 128 -- 6.3.2 Core principles of IFCDC 129 -- 6.3.3 Description of IFCDC in practice 132 -- 6.3.4 Conditions to put IFCDC successfully in practice .141 -- 6.4 KEY POINTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS 167 -- 7 IFCDC IMPLEMENTATION IN EUROPEAN BEST PRACTICES .170 -- 7.1 KEY POINTS 170 -- 7.2 METHODS 171 -- 7.3 KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 171 -- 7.3.1 Neonatal care in Sweden 171 -- 7.3.2 Karolinska University Hospital 172 -- 7.4 CENTRE HOSPITALIER DE VALENCIENNES, VALENCIENNES, FRANCE .175 -- 7.4.1 Neonatal care in France .175 -- 7.4.2 Centre Hospitalier Valenciennes 176 -- 7.5 HOSPITAL 12 DE OCTUBRE, MADRID, SPAIN .179 -- 7.5.1 Neonatal care in Spain 179 -- 7.5.2 Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre 179 -- 7.6 SOPHIAS CHILDRENS HOSPITAL, ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTRE, ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS 182 -- 7.6.1 Neonatal care in the Netherlands .182 -- 7.6.2 Sophias Childrens Hospital 182 -- 7.7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 184