bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Modern Trends of Economic Relations Between Iraq and China for the Period 2010 -2023
Authors: Hamid Awakhti Ali Salar , Foad Abdulla Ahmed Pana
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The study aims to analyze and understand the economic relations between Iraq and China in the modern era, providing insights into their development, current status, and future prospects. It seeks to identify the key factors influencing these relations and to evaluate the impact of trade, investment, and geopolitical strategies on bilateral economic ties. Additionally, the study aims to offer a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities present in the Iraq-China economic partnership.
Theoretical Framework: The study utilizes frameworks that explain bilateral economic relations, including theories on trade, investment, and geopolitical influence. It integrates insights and data from studies such as Shanshool (2022), Gul (2022), Wuthnow (2017), and Shareef (2016), providing a foundation for understanding the economic dynamics between Iraq and China.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses with a historical examination of bilateral relations between Iraq and China. Data were gathered from sources such as the Observatory of Economic Complexity (2022) for China (CHN) and Iraq (IRQ), as well as academic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to complement the financial and economic data with relevant literature. E-Views statistical software was utilized for data analysis. Linear correlation was applied to evaluate the strength and direction of relationships, with complemented by tests such as the Jarque-Bera Test, ADF Test, UR Test, Causality analysis, Cointegration, and the BPG Test.
Findings: The study provides insights into the historical development of Iraq-China relations, highlighting the challenges such as oil price volatility and political obstacles. The findings offer a detailed understanding of the contemporary economic relations between Iraq and China.
Research, Practical & Social Implications: Practical implications include recommendations for policymakers to strengthen infrastructure, streamline bureaucratic processes, and diversify investments beyond the oil sector. The study's insights can aid in formulating policies that enhance bilateral economic cooperation and address the identified challenges.
Originality/Value: The originality and value of the study lie in its comprehensive analysis of contemporary Iraq-China economic relations. It explores less-studied areas such as technological cooperation and provides practical recommendations for fostering stronger economic ties. The study's mixed-methods approach, and the use of various statistical tools ensure a robust analysis of the bilateral economic dynamics.
O efeito da pandemia na comercialização da agricultura familiar nas principais feiras de Rio Branco - AC
Authors: Silva Raiury Santos da , Plese Norma Giovanna da Silva Pereira
Published: December 2024

A agricultura familiar é um segmento que abastece os centros urbanos com comercialização nas feiras livres. Entretanto, na pandemia Covid-19, a agricultura familiar passou por um cenário desafiador com a suspensão do comércio nas feiras. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as estratégias de comércio utilizadas pelos feirantes durante a pandemia, em Rio Branco - AC. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa por meio de questionário estruturado aplicado a 50 agricultores familiares distribuídos entre as três principais feiras de Rio Branco. Os dados foram sistematizados pelo método quantitativo. Os agricultores comercializaram principalmente na feira livre e a utilização dos meios digitais foi a principal estratégia adotada pelos agricultores.
Resenha - Extensão Rural: trajetórias e desafios
Authors: Vieira dos Santos Lauana
Published: December 2024

O livro "Extensão Rural: Trajetórias e Desafios," organizado por Alberto Bracagioli e Flávia Charão-Marques, aborda a evolução e os desafios da extensão rural no Brasil, destacando sua institucionalização a partir do final da década de 1940. O texto traça um panorama histórico, desde os acordos de cooperação técnica entre Brasil e Estados Unidos, que visavam aumentar a produtividade agrícola e melhorar as condições de vida das populações mais pobres, até a criação de organizações como a Emater e a Embrater nos anos 1970. A partir da década de 1980, com influências das ideias de Paulo Freire e a redemocratização do país, a extensão rural passou a ser repensada, incorporando abordagens mais dialógicas e participativas.O livro também discute a evolução das políticas públicas de extensão rural, destacando o impacto da Constituição de 1988 e a criação da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Pnater) em 2010. Além disso, aborda os desafios contemporâneos enfrentados pela extensão rural, como a sustentabilidade, mudanças climáticas e a digitalização da vida cotidiana.A obra enfatiza a importância de valorizar o conhecimento local e de promover interações entre diferentes saberes para o desenvolvimento rural, questionando a ideia de modernização homogênea na agricultura. A necessidade de uma abordagem agroecológica, participativa e integrada, que envolva múltiplos atores e promova a sustentabilidade, é destacada como essencial para o futuro da extensão rural no Brasil. Em suma, o livro oferece uma contribuição importante para a compreensão dos desafios e potencialidades da extensão rural no contexto atual.
Assessment of the authenticity of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) flowers by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Dunilin A. D. , Trineeva O. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) is a plant widely used in official and folk medicine in many countries. Pharmacopoeia raw materials in the Russian Federation are only horse chestnut seeds. Flowers, due to the fraction of phenolic derivatives and triterpene saponins contained in them, are a promising medicinal plant raw material, presumably having a venotonizing and membrane-protective effect. To obtain medicinal herbal preparations based on horse chestnut flowers, it is required to have regulatory documentation containing a list of quality indicators, including a description of the signs of its authenticity (morphology and anatomy). Scanning electron microscopy is one of the advanced methods that have recently been increasingly used in medicine and pharmacognostic analysis. Unlike light microscopy, the method provides a three-dimensional spatial representation of diagnostically significant signs of medicinal plant raw materials.

Aim. The aim of the study was to study the morphology of the surface of horse chestnut flowers by scanning electron microscopy.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was dried whole flowers of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), collected in the Voronezh region in 2023 at the beginning of flowering. The pieces of flowers were pre-sprayed with silicon on an automatic spraying unit Q150R ES (Quorum Technologies Ltd., Great Britain). Micrographs were obtained using the JSM-6510LV electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Japan).

Results and discussion. The micrographs obtained during the analysis showed diagnostically significant features of the flower structure: the epidermal cells of the corolla petals are polygonal, irregularly shaped, some elongated with sinuous folds. Pollen grains can be collected in cluster-like clusters, located separately or found singly. The surface of the corolla petal is covered with numerous often twisting hairs having a rough-warped structure and a cone-shaped base with a clearly defined attachment point. The surface of the staminate filaments is striated, with longitudinal folds with single unicellular hairs. The anther has a folded shape, its surface is lined with scaly epidermal cells with rough and thickened walls. The surface of the calyx, including the pedicel, is also densely pubescent with numerous trichomes.

Conclusion. The scanning electron microscopy method was used for the first time to study the morphological and anatomical features of horse chestnut flowers. The structure of the main diagnostically significant structures of this LRS has been clarified. The morphology of the epidermis surface of the petals of the corolla and calyx, trichomes, pollen filaments, anthers and pollen grains of flowers has been determined. It has been established that carbon and oxygen are the predominant elements of the raw materials.
Mi lesz veled drága Riska?
Authors: Vágány Judit Bernadett , Erdeiné Késmárki-Gally Szilvia
Published: December 2024

A kistermelői tehéntejtermelés sokáig fontos szerepet játszott Magyarországon. Az ország vidéki területein alig volt olyan település, amely ne tudta volna ellátni magát friss tehéntejjel. A szarvasmarhatartás elsősorban a kettős hasznosítású magyartarka fajtára épült. Az ország kedvező földrajzi helyzete lehetővé tette, hogy a családok megtermeljék az állatok ellátásához szükséges takarmányt, így biztosítva megélhetésüket. A gazdaságok élén generációk váltották egymást. A gazdálkodás nagyban hozzájárult a vidéki lakosság megélhetéséhez és a vidék népességmegtartó képességéhez. Magyarországon az elmúlt évtizedekben jelentősen megváltozott a helyzet. A kisüzemi tejtermelést felváltotta a nagyüzemi tejtermelés. Az ágazatban jelentős koncentráció ment végbe, és ez a folyamat várhatóan a jövőben is folytatódni fog. A kisgazdaságok a generációváltás folyamatában is nehézségekbe ütköztek: a fiatalabb generáció számára a gazdálkodás már nem annyira vonzó. A fiatalabb generáció már inkább kisebb erőfeszítést igénylő munkát szeretne kevesebb megkötéssel. A tejcsarnokok is eltűntek, így szinte lehetetlenné vált az alapanyag eljuttatása a tejfeldolgozóhoz. A megmaradt kisgazdaságok elsősorban a helyi igények kielégítésére koncentrálnak. A szekunder kutatásunk során a KSH, Eurostat, a NÉBIH és az Agrárközgazdasági Intézet (AKI) adatai alapján vizsgáljuk a témát, majd egy komplex kutatás részeredményeit mutatjuk be: 21 interjút készítettünk jelenleg is működő vagy a közelmúltban felszámolt tejtermelő gazdaságok vezetőivel. Őket a tejtermelés helyzetéről és a generációváltásról kérdeztük. Tanulmányunkban a kistermelői tehéntejtermelés helyzetét és a tejtermelő gazdaságokban végbemenő generációváltás folyamatát vizsgáljuk.
The effect of education types on knowledge level in natural disaster information transfer
Authors: Batu Mikail , Oz Mustafa , Karaaslan İlknur Aydoğdu , Yanık Akan , Kayacan Şehriban , Dıvrak Ebru
Published: December 2024

This study explores the most effective educational methods for conveying information about natural disasters in large institutions like universities. Focusing on a sample of 405 students from Ege University (Turkey), it examines whether knowledge levels about natural disasters vary based on demographic factors such as gender, faculty, and class year. The findings reveal significant differences in knowledge based on these demographics. The study also shows that disaster education enhances overall knowledge and reduces these demographic disparities. Additionally, it compares the effectiveness of different communication tools—face-to-face, brochures, and videos—demonstrating that face-to-face and video-based methods are more effective than brochures in delivering disaster-related information.
Three-dimensional printing-guided percutaneous transcatheter replacement in coarctation of the aorta: a retrospective study
Authors: He Qing , Xu Chennian , Liu Yang , Jin Ping , Zhai Mengen , Qiao Rui , Tian Zhiyuan , Cui Bin , Yang Jian
Published: December 2024

Background

To evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and assistant effect of 3D printed aortic model in the treatment on congenital coarctation of the aorta (CoA) in adolescents and adults.

Methods

From December 2018 to December 2023, a total of 10 patients with congenital coarctation of aorta underwent percutaneous balloon dilatation covered stent implantation in the department of cardiovascular surgery, Xijing Hospital. There were 6 males and 4 females whose average age was (27.68 ± 13.45) years. One case complicated with ventricular septal defect (VSD). The CT data of aorta were collected before operation, and the aorta was reconstructed by Mimics software and printed with 3D printing technology. The operation simulation was performed before operation to determine the best operation plan. The clinical data during hospitalization and follow-up were analyzed.

Results

All the patients of CoA were successfully treated with percutaneous balloon dilatation covered stent implantation. The narrowest average diameter of CoA increased from (4.35 ± 2.61) mm before operation to (16.84 ± 1.99) mm immediately after operation (P < 0.05). The mean transconstrictive systolic pressure difference decreased from (81.29 ± 18.72) mmHg before operation to (15.52 ± 7.47) mmHg after operation (P < 0.05). The mean systolic blood pressure of the right upper limb decreased from (182.05 ± 38.99) mmHg preoperatively to (141.95 ± 32.11) mmHg postoperatively (P < 0.05). The mean systolic blood pressure of the lower limb increased from (121.52 ± 27.84) mmHg preoperatively to (131.81 ± 32.39) mmHg postoperatively (P < 0.05). Two patients with PDA and VSD underwent interventional occlusion at the same time without shunt. During the period of hospitalization and follow-up, there were significant cardiovascular complications.

Conclusions

Percutaneous balloon dilatation covered stent implantation is effective in the treatment of adolescents and adults with CoA in the short and medium term, with fewer complications, and the long-term effect needs furthshdie1er study.
A bibliometric analysis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (2014–2024)
Authors: Liu Shao-Jia , Yang Xin-Qing , Lu Hong-Qiao , Zhang Kun-Chi , Tang Yong-Jiang , Xu Yu
Published: December 2024

Background

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized bulge of the abdominal aorta, which mainly manifests as a pulsatile mass in the abdomen. Once an abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures, the patient's life is seriously endangered. Surgery is the preferred treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm. At present, there has been no comprehensive review of the current status of abdominal aortic aneurysm research. Therefore, this study aimed to identify global trends in abdominal aortic aneurysm research over the last 10 years through bibliometric analysis and to inform clinical practice, research funding allocation, and decision-making.

Methods

We downloaded research articles and reviews on abdominal aortic aneurysm from 1 January 2014, to 1 March 2024, from the Web of Science core collection. CiteSpace (version 6.2.1), RStudio and VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) were used for visual analysis of regional distribution, institutions, authors, keywords and other information.

Results

The number of documents on abdominal aortic aneurysm research increased continuously and has stabilized in recent years. A total of 9,905 publications from 67 countries were published from 1 January 2014, to 1 March 2024. A total of 2,142 (29.52%) studies were from the United States, 1,293 (13.05%) were from China, and 919 (9.28%) were from the United Kingdom. A total of 205 studies were conducted at Stanford University, 172 were conducted at Harvard Medical School, and 165 were conducted at the Mayo Clinic. The top three coauthorship authors were Schermerhorn, Marc L (114); Golledge, Jonathan (102); and De Vries, Jean Paul P.M. (74). The most cocited reference was Chaikof EL, 2018, J Vasc Surg, v67, p. 2; the most cocited journal was the Journal of Vascular Surgery; and the most cocited author was Lederle, FA. “Abdominal aortic aneurysm” was the most frequently used author keyword (2,492). Twenty-five references with strong citation bursts were identified by “CiteSpace”. “Artificial intelligence”, “clinical outcomes” and “bridging stent” were the primary keywords of emerging research hotspots.

Conclusion

This is the first bibliometric study to comprehensively summarize the research trends in abdominal aortic aneurysm research. This information can help us to identify the current research hotspots and directions. This study will provide extensive help for future research.
Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal factors behind diabetic nephropathy: evidence, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Huang Qinchuan , An Chen , Tang Shiyun , Leng Yulin , Zhang Yaowen , Wan Bin , Han Yutong , Luo Yue , Xie Chunguang
Published: December 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as the most serious minor vascular complication of diabetes, imposes a significant socioeconomic and medical cost around the world, and its prevention and treatment are a major challenge in the current medical community. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials have revealed protective and risk factors for some DN. However, the conclusions of these researches may be influenced by several types of confounding. Mendelian randomization is a new epidemiological method mainly used to infer the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Many Mendelian randomization studies have found potential causal relationships between DN and some diseases and lifestyle habits, thus providing valuable data for future mechanistic studies as well as the development and implementation of clinical prevention strategies. As a result, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the published Mendelian randomization study of DN, using the bibliometric research method, analyze the current research status and hot spots, and further summarize the genetic evidence about the potential protection of DN and risk factors to provide new inspiration for the etiology of DN and as a reference for clinical intervention.
Ovarian sensitivity index affects clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist in vitro fertilization cycles
Authors: Hsu Chao Chin , Hsu Isabel , Dorjee Sonam , Chen Yi Chun , Chen Tzu Ning , Chuang Yu Lin
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of ovarian sensitivity index (OSI) and clinical parameters in IVF treatments.

Methods

IVF data files between January 2011 and December 2020 in a single unit were included. The primary outcome measure was the correlation between the OSI and clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. A generalized linear model was employed to assess group differences while controlling for age. Correlations between the OSI and clinical parameters were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test.

Results

In total, 1,627 patient data were reviewed, comprising 1,160 patients who received GnRH antagonists and 467 who received GnRH agonists. There was no difference in the incidence of premature ovulation and LH surge in women receiving either GnRH antagonists or agonists. A higher number of mature oocytes and good embryos were obtained in the GnRH agonist cycles. No differences were observed in pregnancy and live birth rates between both groups. Regarding the correlation of the OSI with clinical parameters, serum anti-Müllerian hormone, cycle day 2 follicle-stimulating hormone, LH, and estradiol concentrations, numbers of larger follicles, fertilization rate, and the incidence of premature LH surge were positively correlated with the OSI. Whereas the body mass index, mature oocytes obtained, embryo transfer number, and dose of GnRH antagonists were negatively correlated with the OSI. In the GnRH antagonists group, an OSI of 225.75 significantly distinguished pregnancy from non-pregnancy (p < 0.001), with an AUC of 0.615, and an OSI of 208.62 significantly distinguished live births from non-live births (p < 0.001), with an AUC of 0.637. As for the GnRH agonist group, an OSI of 228 significantly distinguished live births from non-live births, (p =0.020) with an AUC of 0.569.

Conclusion

We demonstrated the capability of employing OSI to distinguish the clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes in IVF cycles.
The role of fecal microbiota transplantation in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment
Authors: Wang Huimei , Li Shuo , Zhang Luping , Zhang Nan
Published: December 2024

In contemporary microbial research, the exploration of interactions between microorganisms and multicellular hosts constitutes a burgeoning field. The gut microbiota is increasingly acknowledged as a pivotal contributor to various disorders within the endocrine system, encompassing conditions such as diabetes and thyroid diseases. A surge in research activities has been witnessed in recent years, elucidating the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and disorders of the endocrine system. Simultaneously, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a focal point, garnering substantial attention in both biomedical and clinical spheres. Research endeavors have uncovered the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of FMT across diverse diseases, with particular emphasis on its application in addressing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated com-plications. Consequently, this manuscript accentuates the intimate connection between the gut microbiota and disorders within the endocrine system, with a specific focus on exploring the potential of FMT as an intervention in the therapeutic landscape of T2DM and its complications. Furthermore, the article scrutinizes concerns inherent in treatment modalities centered around the gut microbiota, proposing viable solutions to address these issues.
Association between changes in thyroid hormones and incident type 2 diabetes using joint models of longitudinal and time-to-event data: more than a decade follow up in the Tehran thyroid study
Authors: Amirabadizadeh Alireza , Mehran Ladan , Amouzegar Atieh , Asgari Samaneh , Khalili Davood , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: December 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant public health challenge, contributing to considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, which necessitates urgent preventive measures. Thyroid disorders, prevalent in many individuals, are intricately linked to metabolic health, yet studies on their relationship with T2DM yield inconsistent results—some suggesting an increased risk with abnormal thyroid hormone levels, while others indicate potential protective effects. This study investigated the association between changes in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Data from 1938 individuals aged ≥20 in the Tehran Thyroid Study cohort were used, spanning four examination cycles from 1999 to 2012, with three-year intervals. TSH and FT4 levels were log-transformed and modeled as time-varying exposures to study their association with incident T2DM.

Results

During a median follow-up of 9.43 years, 135 new T2DM cases were identified. The multivariable-adjusted joint model (JM) revealed that each unit increase in log-transformed TSH level was associated with a 25% decrease in T2DM incidence [HRs (95% CI): 0.75 (0.64-0.90)]. Conversely, each unit increase in FT4 level showed a marginally significant higher risk [1.06 (0.99-1.13); p-value=0.06].

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that dynamic changes in serum thyroid hormones are associated with the development of T2DM. Rising TSH and decreasing FT4 over time are associated with a lower risk of diabetes. These findings suggest a complex interplay between thyroid function and the risk of T2DM, emphasizing the importance of monitoring thyroid hormone levels as a part of T2DM prevention strategies.
ATP5J regulates microglial activation via mitochondrial dysfunction, exacerbating neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Ren Naixin , Zhang Hutao , Li Tao , Ji Huafang , Zhang Zhen , Wu He
Published: December 2024

Microglial-mediated neuroinflammation is crucial in the pathophysiological mechanisms of secondary brain injury (SBI) following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Mitochondria are central regulators of inflammation, influencing key pathways such as alternative splicing, and play a critical role in cell differentiation and function. Mitochondrial ATP synthase coupling factor 6 (ATP5J) participates in various pathological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation. However, the role of ATP5J in microglial activation and neuroinflammation post-ICH is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ATP5J on microglial activation and subsequent neuroinflammation in ICH and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We observed that ATP5J was upregulated in microglia after ICH. AAV9-mediated ATP5J overexpression worsened neurobehavioral deficits, disrupted the blood-brain barrier, and increased brain water content in ICH mice. Conversely, ATP5J knockdown ameliorated these effects. ATP5J overexpression also intensified microglial activation, neuronal apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in surrounding tissues post-ICH. ATP5J impaired microglial dynamics and reduced the proliferation and migration of microglia to injury sites. We used oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) to stimulate BV2 cells and model ICH in vitro. Further in vitro studies showed that ATP5J overexpression enhanced OxyHb-induced microglial functional transformation. Mechanistically, ATP5J silencing reversed dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1) upregulation in microglia post-OxyHb induction; reduced mitochondrial overdivision, excessive mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and reactive oxygen species production; restored normal mitochondrial ridge morphology; and partially restored mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain activity. ATP5J silencing further alleviated OxyHb-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Our results indicate that ATP5J is a key factor in regulating microglial functional transformation post-ICH by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolism, thereby positively regulate neuroinflammation. By inhibiting ATP5J, SBI following ICH could be prevented. Therefore, ATP5J could be a candidate for molecular and therapeutic target exploration to alleviate neuroinflammation post-ICH.
Three distinct gamma oscillatory networks within cortical columns in macaque monkeys’ area V1
Authors: Drebitz Eric , Rausch Lukas-Paul , Domingo Gil Esperanza , Kreiter Andreas K.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

A fundamental property of the neocortex is its columnar organization in many species. Generally, neurons of the same column share stimulus preferences and have strong anatomical connections across layers. These features suggest that neurons within a column operate as one unified network. Other features, like the different patterns of input and output connections of neurons located in separate layers and systematic differences in feature tuning, hint at a more segregated and possibly flexible functional organization of neurons within a column.

Methods

To distinguish between these views of columnar processing, we conducted laminar recordings in macaques’ area V1 while they performed a demanding attention task. We identified three separate regions with strong gamma oscillatory activity, located in the supragranular, granular, and infragranular laminar domains, based on the current source density (CSD).

Results and Discussion

Their characteristics differed significantly in their dominant gamma frequency and attention-dependent modulation of their gramma power and gamma frequency. In line, spiking activity in the supragranular, infragranular, and upper part of the granular domain exhibited strong phase coherence with the CSD signals of their domain but showed much weaker coherence with the CSD signals of other domains.

Conclusion

These results indicate that columnar processing involves a certain degree of independence between neurons in the three laminar domains, consistent with the assumption of multiple, separate intracolumnar ensembles. Such a functional organization offers various possibilities for dynamic network configuration, indicating that neurons in a column are not restricted to operate as one unified network. Thus, the findings open interesting new possibilities for future concepts and investigations on flexible, dynamic cortical ensemble formation and selective information processing.
CT-3D MERGE fusion imaging improves image quality compared with CT and 3D MERGE in patients with lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Li Hongyi , Liu Hailong , Xiao Mengqiang , Du Xiaodan , Zhang Meng , Ye Jingzhi , Lei Ming , Chen Jun , Chen Jie
Published: December 2024

Background

CT-routine MRI fusion imaging has recently become available to evaluate spinal anatomy before surgery. Due to the 3-5 mm slice thickness and non-isotropic of routine MRI sequence, the CT-routine MRI fusion imaging is not good. The MRI multiple recalled gradient echo (MERGE) sequence is potentially useful in diagnosis of lumbar degeneration disease due to the better nerve roots visualization, 1 mm slice thickness and its isotropy.

Purpose

The present study aimed to evaluate the image quality of CT-3D MERGE fusion images compared with CT and 3D MERGE images in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

Fifty-nine patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent both lumbar CT and MRI including 3D-MERGE and routine lumbar MRI sequences were evaluated. All CT, 3D MERGE and CT-3D MERGE fusion images were separately assessed by two radiologists using five-point Likert scoring method based on five aspects: display of bony structure, intervertebral discs, nerve roots, overall anatomical details and image artifacts. Furthermore, two observers documented the sacral slope (SS), L4/5 intervertebral space heights (ISH), width and height of L4/5 intervertebral foramen (FW and FH) on CT and CT-MERGE fusion images.

Results

There was insufficient evidence to show a difference in bony structure score between CT and CT-3D MERGE fusion images (p = 0.22), but it was significantly higher than that of MERGE (p < 0.001). The scores of intervertebral discs and nerve roots between MERGE and fusion images were not statistically different (p = 0.19 and 0.88), which were higher than CT (all p < 0.001). The overall anatomical detail score of fusion imaging was higher than CT and MERGE (p < 0.001). No significant difference of image artifacts score was found among CT, MERGE and fusion images (p = 0.47). There was no significant difference in SS, ISH, FW, FH values between CT and fusion images (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion

CT-3D MERGE fusion images exhibit superior image quality to both CT and 3D MERGE for the simultaneous observation of bony structures, intervertebral discs, and nerve roots.
Risk of malignancy and the use of disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis: exploring the role of DMT in a multi-center study
Authors: Bayounis Mohammed , Bin Mahfooz Mohammed , Assiri Mohammed , Alghamdi Yousef , Alturki Fahad , Almutairi Mahdi , Alshelawy Abdullah , Alosaimi Mohammed , Almutawa Faisal , Alammar Abdulrahman , Alyahya Yahya , Khojah Osama , Makkawi Seraj , Al Malik Yaser
Published: December 2024

Background

The potential link between disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and malignancy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has generated significant concern, particularly given the immunosuppressive nature of these treatments. Conflicting evidence in the literature has left this issue unresolved, underscoring the need for definitive research to inform clinical practice. This study addresses this gap by examining cancer occurrence among MS patients on DMTs treated at two tertiary-care centers in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives

To report and analyze cases of malignancy in MS patients treated with DMTs and identify associated risk factors, including demographic characteristics, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, treatment duration, and cumulative DMT exposure. The study also seeks to contribute to the development of evidence-based cancer screening protocols for MS patients at elevated risk.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on medical records of MS patients treated with DMTs at two tertiary-care centers in Saudi Arabia from June 2015 to December 2023. The study included 860 patients, with data collected on demographics, MS subtype, DMT usage, and subsequent cancer diagnoses. A comprehensive literature review, covering publications from February 1976 to May 2024, supplemented the review to contextualize findings within the broader research landscape.

Results

Among the 860 MS patients on DMTs, 10 (1.16%) developed malignancies, predominantly female (80%), with an average age of 50.9 years. The majority had relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) (90%), with interferon beta (70%) and ocrelizumab (60%) being the most frequently used DMTs. The median duration of DMT exposure prior to cancer diagnosis was 52 months. The observed malignancies included gynecological cancers, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with 60% diagnosed at advanced stages (III-IV).

Conclusion

This case series highlights instances of malignancy among MS patients undergoing DMTs, suggesting a potential link that warrants further investigation. The findings underscore the need for vigilant cancer screening and patient education as integral components of MS management. The literature review reinforces the necessity for ongoing research to better understand the risks associated with DMTs, aiding in the development of more informed clinical guidelines. Further large-scale, longitudinal studies are crucial to elucidate the causality and guide safer treatment strategies.
Comprehensive predictive model for cerebral microbleeds: integrating clinical and biochemical markers
Authors: Wang Lijing , Li Yao , Hu Yadong , Ling Li , Jia Nan , Chen Yajing , Meng Yanan , Jiang Ye , Li Ning
Published: December 2024

Background

Cerebral Microbleeds (CMBs) serve as critical indicators of cerebral small vessel disease and are strongly associated with severe neurological disorders, including cognitive impairments, stroke, and dementia. Despite the importance of diagnosing and preventing CMBs, there is a significant lack of effective predictive tools in clinical settings, hindering comprehensive assessment and timely intervention.

Objective

This study aims to develop a robust predictive model for CMBs by integrating a broad range of clinical and laboratory parameters, enhancing early diagnosis and risk stratification.

Methods

We analyzed extensive data from 587 neurology inpatients using advanced statistical techniques, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and logistic regression. Key predictive factors such as Albumin/Globulin ratio, gender, hypertension, homocysteine levels, Neutrophil to HDL Ratio (NHR), and history of stroke were evaluated. Model validation was performed through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA).

Results

The model demonstrated strong predictive performance with significant clinical applicability. Key predictors identified include the Albumin/Globulin ratio, homocysteine levels, and NHR, among others. Validation metrics such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis confirmed the model’s utility in predicting CMBs, highlighting its potential for clinical implementation.

Conclusion

The comprehensive predictive model developed in this study offers a significant advancement in the personalized management of patients at risk for CMBs. By addressing the gap in effective predictive tools, this model facilitates early diagnosis and targeted intervention, potentially reducing the incidence of stroke and cognitive impairments associated with cerebral microbleeds. Our findings advocate for a more nuanced approach to cerebrovascular disease management, emphasizing the importance of multi-factorial risk profiling.
Handgrip strength and body mass index exhibit good predictive value for sarcopenia in patients on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Li Hongyan , Zheng Yuanhua , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaotian , Luo Wei , Zhu Weiyi , Zhang Yaqing
Published: December 2024

Aim

The diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) in clinics is limited owing to its relatively complicated process and the need for expensive assessment equipment. This study aimed to develop and validate sex-specific nomogram models based on body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength, and other routine follow-up examination indicators to predict sarcopenia in patients on PD.

Methods

From March 2023 to February 2024, 699 eligible patients were recruited from the PD centers of two tertiary hospitals in southeastern China. Routine follow-up examination indicators such as age, BMI, biochemical indicators, dialysis adequacy, handgrip strength, and five-repetition sit-to-stand test, were used as potential predictive variables. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to separately determine the predictive factors for men and women. Nomogram models were constructed based on the results of the multivariate analyses, which were internally validated using a bootstrap re-sampling method (n = 2000). Predictive performance was validated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

The prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese patients on PD was 13.92%. The nomogram models based on multivariate analyses revealed both handgrip strength and BMI as independent predictors of sarcopenia in men and women on PD. The bootstrap-corrected area under the ROC curves of the models was 0.924 (95% CI: 0.888–0.959) and 0.936 (95% CI, 0.906–0.966) for men and women, respectively. The calibration curves of both models demonstrated high consistency between the observed and anticipated values.

Conclusion

The two nomogram models based on BMI and handgrip strength demonstrated good predictive ability for sarcopenia in male and female patients on PD. Subsequently, these may be used as convenient and inexpensive methods for the early detection and timely management of sarcopenia in patients on PD.
The dark and potentially bright sides of work-avoidance goal orientation
Authors: Ebert Thea , Först Rieke , Bipp Tanja
Published: December 2024

Goal orientations represent a key approach for explaining employee motivation and performance. While a trichotomous framework (learning, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goal orientations) dominates the work literature, goals regarding the work process, for example, minimal work expenditure, fall outside the scope. This is reflected in a lack of theoretical differentiation and validated instruments for assessing work avoidance goals in the work context. However, a minimization of effort among employees can pose a risk to the goals of many organizations. Therefore, we extend goal orientation theory at work by building on educational research and introducing the dimension of work avoidance goal orientation to the work context. In three studies of German employees (N1 = 115, N2 = 224, N3 = 121), including cross-sectional and cross-lagged data, we developed a reliable and construct-valid scale to assess work-avoidance goal orientation at the workplace. Furthermore, we reveal contradicting implications from an organizational (prediction of absenteeism/withdrawal behaviors) and an individual perspective (protecting influences in the form of reduced demands), thereby offering starting points for future research and organizational practices that seek to better differentiate in the lower performance and motivation ranges of employees.
β-caryophyllene sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to chemotherapeutics and inhibits cell malignancy through targeting MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Basheer Irum , Wang Hai , Li Guangyue , Jehan Shah , Raza Ali , Du Chentao , Ullah Najeeb , Li Dangdang , Sui Guangchao
Published: December 2024

Background

β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a naturally occurring bicyclic sesquiterpene extracted from various plants, and widely used as a medicinal agent for various diseases. During hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, cancer cells generally exhibit increased cell proliferation due to mutations or aberrant expression of key regulatory genes. The current study determines the cytotoxic effects of BCP alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (DDP) on HCC cells, and elucidates the underlying mechanism of BCP to exert its anticancer activities.

Materials and methods

HepG2, SMMC-7721 HCC cells, and HL-7702 normal liver cells were treated with BCP, DOX, and DDP individually or combinatorially. Cell proliferation assay, flow cytometric assay, and Western blot were employed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of these treatments. Transwell assays were used to examine BCP’s effects on HCC cell migration and invasion. RNA-seq analysis was used to determine BCP’s primary target genes in HepG2 cells. Integrative analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of RNA-seq data with an HCC TCGA dataset identified BCP-targeted genes that were verified by RT-qPCR analysis. Ectopic gene expression, cell viability, and colony formation assay were performed to validate the primary targets of BCP.

Results

BCP selectively inhibited HCC cell proliferation while exhibited relatively low toxicity in normal liver cells; however, DOX and DDP showed higher toxicity in normal cells than that in HCC cells. In combinatorial treatments, BCP synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity of DOX and DDP in HCC cells but this effect was markedly reduced in HL-7702 cells. BCP treatment reduced migration and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, RNA-seq analyses of BCP-treated HepG2 cells identified 433 protein-coding DEGs. Integrative analyses revealed five BCP-targeted DEGs regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Among these five genes, three displayed a significantly positive correlation of their expression with the overall survival of HCC patients. As a primary target, PGF was significantly downregulated by BCP treatment, and its exogenous expression desensitized HCC cells to BCP-mediated inhibition.

Discussion

BCP inhibits malignant properties of HCC and synergistically sensitizes the anticancer activity of DOX and DDP. In HCC cells, BCP primarily targets the PGF gene and MAPK signaling pathway.
Character-interested binary-like image learning for text image demoiréing
Authors: Zhang Zhanpei , Liang Beicheng , Ren Tingting , Fan Chengmiao , Li Rui , Li Mu
Published: December 2024

Despite the fact that the text image-based optical character recognition (OCR) methods have been applied to a wide range of applications, they do suffer from performance degradation when the image is contaminated with moiré patterns for the sake of interference between the display screen and the camera. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel network for text image demoiréing. Specifically, to encourage our study on text images, we collected a dataset including a number of pairs of images with/without moiré patterns, which is specific for text image demoiréing. In addition, due to the statistical differences among various channels on moiré patterns, a multi-channel strategy is proposed, which roughly extracts the information associated with moiré patterns and subsequently contributes to moiré removal. In addition, our purpose on the text image is to increase the OCR accuracy, while other background pixels are insignificant. Instead of restoring all pixels like those in natural images, a character attention module is conducted, allowing the network to pay more attention on the optical character-associated pixels and also achieving a consistent image style. As a result from this method, characters can be more easily detected and more accurately recognized. Dramatic experimental results on our conducted dataset demonstrate the significance of our study and the superiority of our proposed method compared with state-of-the-art image restoration approaches. Specifically, the metrics of recall and F1-measure on recognition are increased from 56.32%/70.18% to 85.34%/89.36%.
Investigating a new alarming outbreak of flavescence dorée in Tuscany (Central Italy): molecular characterization and map gene typing elucidate the complex phytoplasma ecology in the vineyard agroecosystem
Authors: Pedrelli Athos , Carli Marco , Panattoni Alessandra , Pellegrini Elisa , Rizzo Domenico , Nali Cristina , Cotrozzi Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

Flavescence dorée (FD) is a major grapevine disease in Europe, despite the quarantine status of its causal agent [FD phytoplasma (FDp)] and the mandatory monitoring and vector control practices. As alarming FD epidemic outbreaks continue to appear in Tuscany (Central Italy), a 4-year survey was carried out in the main wine-growing areas of the region, where FD presence was investigated in both primary and secondary FDp hosts and vectors, i.e., Vitis vinifera (VV), Clematis vitalba (CV), Alnus glutinosa (AG), Scaphoideus titanus (ST), and Dictyophara europaea (DE). This work i) confirmed FD diffusion in almost the whole of Tuscany and even with an increased occurrence rate (approximately 50% of the samples tested positive); ii) highlighted a complex FDp ecology also in the Tuscan vineyard agroecosystem, as FDp was reported not only in VV and ST but also in secondary vectors (DE) and hosts (AG and CV); iii) reported nine FDp strains (three of which were novel) belonging to all the three methionine aminopeptidase (map) clusters, i.e., map-FD1, map-FD2, and map-FD3, with the map-FD3/M51 genotype mostly reported in not only VV but also DE and CV; and iv) further confirmed a complex FDp ecology in the vineyard agroecosystem, also by phylogenetic analyses carried out at both Italian and European levels, which also showed some relations between the Tuscan FDp strains and those reported in the Balkan and the French scenarios. We believe that the outcomes reported here will be useful in preventing and controlling the spread of harmful FD.
Identification and analysis of major latex protein (MLP) family genes in Rosa chinensis responsive to Botrytis cinerea infection by RNA-seq approaches
Authors: Chen Haoyuan , Li Qingkui , Cheng Peilei , Yan Taotao , Dong Chunlan , Hou Zhe , Zhu Peihuang , Huang Changbing
Published: December 2024

Roses (Rosa chinensis) are among the most cherished ornamental plants globally, yet they are highly susceptible to infections by Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold disease. Here we inoculated the resistant rose variety ‘Yellow Leisure Liness’ with B. cinerea to investigate its resistance mechanisms against gray mold disease. Through transcriptome sequencing, we identified 578 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were significantly upregulated at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-inoculation, with these genes significantly enriched for three defense response-related GO terms. Further domain analysis of the genes in these GO terms reveal that 21 DEGs contain the Bet v 1 family domain, belonging to the major latex protein (MLP) gene family, suggesting their potential key role in rose disease resistance. Furthermore, we systematically identified 46 RcMLP genes in roses and phylogenetically categorized them into two distinct subfamilies: group I and II. Genomic duplication analysis indicates that tandem duplication is the main driver for the expansion of the RcMLP family, and these genes have undergone by purifying selection. Additionally, detailed analyses of gene structure, motif composition, and promoter regions reveal that RcMLP genes contain numerous stress-responsive elements, with 32 RcMLP genes harboring fungal elicitor/wound-responsive elements. The constructed potential transcription factor regulatory network showed significant enrichment of the ERF transcription factor family in the regulation of RcMLP genes. Gene expression analysis reveal that DEGs are mainly distributed in subfamily II, where four highly expressed genes (RcMLP13, RcMLP28, RcMLP14, and RcMLP27) are identified in a small branch, with their fold change exceeding ten folds and verified by qRT-PCR. In summary, our research results underscore the potential importance of the RcMLP gene family in response to B. cinerea infection and provide comprehensive basis for further function exploration of the MLP gene family in rose resistance to fungal infections.