bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verifying the Australian MWA EoR pipeline II: Fundamental limits of the AusEoRPipe and the impact of instrumental effects
Authors: Line Jack Laurence Bramble , Trott Cathryn , Barry Nichole , Null Dev , Jordan Christopher H.
Published: February 2025

Detection of the weak cosmological signal from high-redshift hydrogen demands careful data analysis and an understanding of the full instrument signal chain. Here, we use the WODEN simulation pipeline to produce realistic data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) Epoch of Reionisation experiment and test the effects of different instrumental systematics through the AusEoRPipe analysis pipeline. The simulations include a realistic full sky model, direction-independent calibration, and both random and systematic instrumental effects. Results are compared to matched real observations. We find that, (i) with a sky-based calibration and power spectrum approach we have need to subtract more than 90% of all unresolved point source flux (10 mJy apparent) to recover 21-cm signal in the absence of instrumental effects; (ii) when including diffuse emission in simulations, some k-modes cannot be accessed, leading to a need for some diffuse emission removal; (iii) the single greatest cause of leakage is an incomplete sky model; and (iv) other sources of errors, such as cable reflections, flagged channels, and gain errors, impart comparable systematic power to one another and less power than the incomplete sky model.
Do Voters Pay Attention to Transnational Politics? Party Positions, Transnational Families, and Voter Perceptions
Authors: Nonnemacher Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Do voters pay attention to a party’s relationship with its party family? In this paper, I argue that transnational brands such as the party family label assigned to a party are a valuable tool for parties to use to distinguish themselves. In turn, voters can more accurately position parties on the left-right spectrum when the party embraces the ideological profile of the rest of its party family. Using the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) and the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES), the results confirm my expectations that the ideological alignment of party and party family shapes the accuracy of a voter’s perception of the party’s positions. My findings provide support for the argument that transnational brands can influence how domestic political parties are perceived. These findings have important implications for our understanding of voter responsiveness in an increasingly transnational political space the role of transnational political brands.
“Where Are Your Poets, the Monsters Ask”: Reading Verse in a Genocidal War
Authors: Finnin Rory
Published: February 2025

In this essay, Rory Finnin reviews the interventions of poetry in Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine and argues for more intellectual engagement with the concept of Russian genocide in the field of Slavic studies.
The Response of Tropical Cyclone Inner Core and Outer Rainband Precipitation to Warming in Idealized Convection‐Permitting WRF
Authors: Stansfield Alyssa M. , Rasmussen Kristen L.
Published: February 2025

Global mean and extreme tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation have been increasing over the past few decades and are expected to continue to increase into the future due to climate change. Most projections of future TC precipitation use climate models with grid spacings of 25–100 km, which are too coarse to resolve the convective structures and small‐scale precipitation processes within TCs. This work uses convection‐permitting Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations to investigate how precipitation and precipitation processes change in the inner core (IC) and outer rainbands (OR) of TCs in response to sea surface temperature (SST) warming. The simulations are idealized, with single TCs initialized from weak vortices over domain‐constant SSTs. In these simulations, TC intensity and IC precipitation greatly increase with SST warming while OR precipitation increases slightly. A greater area in the IC is occupied by deep convection more frequently in the warmer simulations, while the deep convective activity remains relatively constant with warming in the TC OR. Mixing ratios of hydrometeors and cloud ice increase with warming in both the IC and OR, while the TCs' vertical circulations deepen, melting levels rise, and mean upward velocities strengthen. This work demonstrates how analysis of three‐dimensional storm structures can provide insight into processes that change TC precipitation in different regions of the storm, and future work will include applying this analysis to more realistic convection‐permitting simulations.
Facial expressions during compound interventions of nociception, conspecific isolation, and sedation in horses
Authors: Lundblad Johan , Rhodin Marie , Hernlund Elin , Bjarnestig Hanna , Hidén Rudander Sara , Haubro Andersen Pia
Published: February 2025

Facial expressions in prey animals such as equines can convey information regarding their internal state and are therefore often used as cues for welfare and pain evaluation. The state of pain is commonly compared to a neutral state with little consideration given to other experiences that could affect the animal, although this situation is rare outside of experimental contexts. To evaluate the effect of managerial contexts on facial expressions from a nociceptive input, conspecific isolation and sedation with known physiological effects were compared to compound states of nociception. Using an anatomically based facial action coding system and a short acting pain model, patterns of facial activity could discriminate between horses experiencing conspecific isolation, sedation, and a nociceptive stimulus separately. Nociception occurring together with conspecific isolation could not be discriminated from the conspecific isolation alone, and compound nociception and sedation could not be discriminated from control. While blinking frequency demonstrated potential to be a valuable marker when evaluating a nociceptive stimulus in sedated horses, careful consideration must be given to the biological interpretation of facial expressions during situations where managerial or drug effects may be present.
Lattice stability of ultrafast-heated gold
Authors: Azadi Sam , Wark Justin S. , Vinko Sam M.
Published: February 2025

First principle simulations within the framework of the finite-temperature density functional formalism predict the existence of nonthermal phase transitions in gold on ultrafast timescales with increasing electron temperature. The Gibbs free energy phase diagram as a function of electronic temperature indicates two solid-solid phase transitions of fcc
$$\rightarrow$$
hcp at an electronic temperature of 1.2 eV and hcp
$$\rightarrow$$
bcc at an electron temperature of 6.8 eV, while the ion lattice remains cold at zero temperature. We present a detailed analysis of the process of phonon-hardening in ultrafast-heated gold, using finite-temperature density functional perturbation theory simulations of the phonon spectra, the quantum thermodynamic phase diagram, and the thermoelastic properties.
scCobra allows contrastive cell embedding learning with domain adaptation for single cell data integration and harmonization
Authors: Zhao Bowen , Song Kailu , Wei Dong-Qing , Xiong Yi , Ding Jun
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of single-cell technologies has created an urgent need for effective methods to integrate and harmonize single-cell data. Technical and biological variations across studies complicate data integration, while conventional tools often struggle with reliance on gene expression distribution assumptions and over-correction. Here, we present scCobra, a deep generative neural network designed to overcome these challenges through contrastive learning with domain adaptation. scCobra effectively mitigates batch effects, minimizes over-correction, and ensures biologically meaningful data integration without assuming specific gene expression distributions. It enables online label transfer across datasets with batch effects, allowing continuous integration of new data without retraining. Additionally, scCobra supports batch effect simulation, advanced multi-omic integration, and scalable processing of large datasets. By integrating and harmonizing datasets from similar studies, scCobra expands the available data for investigating specific biological problems, improving cross-study comparability, and revealing insights that may be obscured in isolated datasets.
Hydrophobic covalent organic frameworks: a green synthesis approach for efficient oil/water separation
Authors: Li Bilian , Duan Quanmei , Yang Lishen , Feng Tan , Ru Chang , Zhang Xin , Zhao Hui , Li Can-Peng
Published: February 2025

The rapid economic development has led to oil pollution and energy shortages. In this paper, a hydrophobic covalent organic framework of COF-AG was synthesized rapidly at room temperature, which has high oil–water separation performance.
Stochastic generalization models learn to comprehensively detect volatile organic compounds associated with foodborne pathogens via Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Bohong , Nambisan Anand K. , Hungund Abhishek Prakash , Jones Xavier , Yang Qingbo , Huang Jie
Published: February 2025

Ensuring food safety requires continuous innovation, especially in the detection of foodborne pathogens and chemical contaminants.
In situ modification of bismuth oxyhalide photocatalysts with natural chlorophyll for enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Li Yan , Lin Liangbin , Wu Fengrui , Xu Lihong , Zhang Yi , Xia Xinshu , Cao Changlin , Zhou Weiming , Xiao Liren , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua
Published: February 2025

Chlorella chlorophyll-sensitized BiOBr improved the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of RhB.
Restoring lung renin-angiotensin system balance through blood pressure control
Authors: Braga Gabriela Catão D. , Ribeiro-Silva Joao Carlos , Boaro Andreia , Martins Flavia Leticia , Mauad Thais , Tavares Caio A.M. , Teixeira Lisete Ribeiro , Caramelli Bruno , Girardi Adriana C.C.
Published: February 2025

Dysregulated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) signaling contributes to elevated blood pressure (BP), inflammation, and organ damage in systemic arterial hypertension (HTN). We have demonstrated that hypertensive humans and rats exhibit higher expression of classic RAS components and lower expression of counterregulatory RAS components in the lungs compared with normotensive counterparts. Here, we investigated whether BP control could restore the balance between classic [angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE)/angiotensin II (Ang II)] and counterregulatory [angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Ang (1-7)] RAS, thereby mitigating lung inflammation. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with either losartan or amlodipine, both of which effectively reduced BP. These interventions up-regulated lung Ace2 and down-regulated Ace gene expression. Pulmonary membrane ACE2 abundance and activity were higher in losartan- and amlodipine-treated SHRs than in vehicle-treated SHRs, whereas ACE protein and function remained unchanged. Drug-treated SHRs exhibited lower levels of lung Ang II and higher levels of Ang (1-7) than vehicle-treated SHRs. Rebalancing the pulmonary RAS remarkably reduced macrophage number and down-regulated pro-inflammatory genes in SHR lungs, with lower expression of lung pro-inflammatory genes correlating with lower circulating levels of ACE2. Serum analysis in healthy and hypertensive individuals supported these findings, showing higher ACE2 levels in uncontrolled compared with controlled hypertension and normotension. Collectively, these findings suggest that high blood pressure may induce lung inflammation via an ACE/ACE2 imbalance. BP control with either an RAS inhibitor or a calcium channel blocker rebalances RAS in SHR lungs and alleviates inflammation. Furthermore, this study provides a mechanistic link between inflammatory lung diseases (such as COVID-19) and hypertension as a major risk factor.
Therapeutic strategies to ameliorate mitochondrial oxidative stress in ischaemia-reperfusion injury: A narrative review
Authors: Alotaibi Khalid , Arulkumaran Nishkantha , Dyson Alex , Singer Mervyn
Published: February 2025

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) play a crucial physiological role in intracellular signalling. However, high levels of ROS can overwhelm antioxidant defences and lead to detrimental modifications in protein, lipid and DNA structure and function. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury is a multifaceted pathological state characterised by excessive production of mROS. There is a significant clinical need for therapies mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress. To date, a variety of strategies have been investigated, ranging from enhancing antioxidant reserve capacity to metabolism reduction. While success has been achieved in non-clinical models, no intervention has yet successfully transitioned into routine clinical practice. In this article, we explore the different strategies investigated and discuss the possible reasons for the lack of translation.
Recovering Missing Passenger Flow Data in Subway Stations via an Enhanced Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Yu Hongru , Gu Yuanli , Li Mingyuan , Deng Shejun , Lu Wenqi , Heng Yuming
Published: February 2025

To address the challenges posed by incomplete data in passenger flow prediction and organizational tasks, this paper proposes ProbSparse self‐attention conditional generative adversarial imputation net (ProbSA‐CGAIN), a novel imputation model framework built on the enhanced generative adversarial network (GAN). The model leverages conditional GANs for controlled data generation using external conditional information. It adopts a denoising autoencoder structure for reconstructing and estimating missing passenger flow data. The integration of an efficient ProbSparse self‐attention mechanism captures spatiotemporal evolution features, reducing computational complexity. Additionally, the model incorporates auxiliary conditional information to enhance data imputation accuracy by learning interdependencies among multiple data variables. Further, the model integrates local positional encoding and multi‐layer global temporal encoding, offering diverse perspectives on spatiotemporal information. Experimental evaluations with real passenger flow data demonstrate the model's superiority over advanced baseline models across various missing patterns and rates. Notably, it exhibits high stability in data restoration, particularly for datasets with higher missing rates, affirming its effectiveness in predicting and inferring missing passenger flow data based on auxiliary data and multi‐view positional information, ensuring reliable imputation. The experiments also assess the model's proficiency in attributing different spatiotemporal features, confirming its commendable training and restoration efficiency.
Verrouillages institutionnels des dynamiques d’innovation dans les systèmes agroforestiers structurés par les filières cacao et café en Haïti
Authors: Amazan Jean Fritzner , Temple Ludovic , Paul Bénédique
Published: February 2025

Cet article étudie les verrous de l’innovation dans les systèmes agroforestiers structurés par les filières cacao et café en Haïti, en questionnant l’environnement institutionnel qui régule leur régime sociotechnique. Il mobilise le cadre d’analyse multi-niveaux de l’innovation, la démarche de recherche-action participative et les données d’enquêtes. L’analyse multi-niveaux est fondée sur la théorie de l’économie institutionnelle pour étudier les verrous institutionnels au sein de ce régime sociotechnique. La recherche-action participative a été mise en œuvre à travers un processus d’innovations socio-organisationnelles basé sur deux dispositifs d’appui-conseil, l’un collectif et l’autre individuel. Les données de terrain sont issues d’entretiens individuels, d’enquêtes formelles et de consultations à dires d’experts. Les résultats ont mis en évidence l’existence de plusieurs verrous à l’adoption d’innovations : (i) le non-alignement entre deux dynamiques de production en termes de gouvernance ; (ii) le fonctionnement hiérarchisé des filières étudiées qui induit une compétitivité dans le système-acteurs, (iii) les formes institutionnelles qui concourent à la stabilisation du régime sociotechnique, bloquant ainsi le développement des niches d’innovation ; (iv) la faible implication des agriculteurs liée à la réduction des actions collectives de type « coopératif » et la non-valorisation des initiatives endogènes (stratégie et savoir-faire) dans les processus d’innovation. Ces résultats soulignent les pistes de déverrouillage par l’activation de leviers sociotechniques portant sur les innovations et les capacités des acteurs.
Features of automation of the university schedule management process through the “Class Schedule WEB application”
Authors: Firer Anna , Kopeikin Anatoly , Khramov Igor
Published: February 2025

An important direction in the management of an educational organization is the creation of optimal conditions for the academic work of students and teaching staff throughout the academic year, as well as the effective and uniform use of the university's classroom fund in compliance with all necessary rules and requirements, including sanitary and hygienic. Using Web applications to automate class schedules will significantly reduce the labor required to create and maintain class schedules. This work is aimed at researching the specifics of automating university schedule management through the Class Schedule Web application. Taking into account the identified limitations: a large number of educational programs, classrooms, teachers (including part-time students), academic groups of students, the work of specialized laboratories, etc. This system should facilitate the process of creating a schedule and keeping it up to date, reduce the likelihood of errors and provide quick access to schedule information for all interested users.
Continuum robotics: Variations, applications, and limitations
Authors: Magomedov Islam , Aygumov Timur , Dzamikhova Fatimat
Published: February 2025

The article provides a comprehensive review of continuum robotics. In today's rapidly advancing world, the development of versatile robotic structures, such as continuum robots, is increasingly important. Unlike traditional rigid-link manipulators, which are widely utilized across various industries, continuum robots are relatively less developed. This review explores the diverse structural designs of continuum robots and examines their unique advantages and limitations when implemented in different applications and scenarios.
An intelligent model for predicting the behavior of soil conditions depending on external weather conditions
Authors: Antamoshkin Oleslav , Mikhalev Anton , Menshenin Andrey , Lukishin Alexander
Published: February 2025

The study focuses on the development of an intelligent system for monitoring and forecasting the condition of road surfaces in Eastern Siberia, addressing challenges posed by extreme climate fluctuations. Seasonal variations in temperature and soil moisture critically impact the load-bearing capacity of road structures, leading to accelerated wear, deformations, and safety risks. This research integrates advanced machine learning models, including LSTM, Transformer, TCN, and XGBoost, to predict changes in road conditions based on meteorological and soil data. Field measurements of soil elasticity modules were analyzed to assess seasonal impacts, with LSTM demonstrating the highest accuracy (MSE: 0.025, MAE: 0.0045). The findings confirm that freezing increases soil stability during winter, while spring thawing causes significant weakening due to over-saturation. Strengthening road bases with 30% sludge improved their durability and resilience under heavy loads. The proposed system combines real-time monitoring with predictive analytics, offering a practical tool for infrastructure management in extreme climates. Key outcomes include optimized maintenance schedules, recommendations for spring traffic restrictions, and strategies to mitigate road degradation. This work highlights the potential of machine learning in enhancing the efficiency and safety of road infrastructure, contributing to sustainable transportation in cold regions.
Data segmentation through two-level clustering with greedy approach
Authors: Kazakovtsev Vladimir , Markushin Egor
Published: February 2025

This study presents a two-level clustering method utilizing a simplified greedy procedure to enhance data processing efficiency and accuracy, particularly with large high-dimensional datasets. The two-level structure allows for the identification of broad data groups in the first stage, followed by a more granular analysis within these groups in the second stage, thereby accelerating the clustering process and improving result quality. The application of the k-means++ method did not yield the anticipated benefits compared to traditional random initialization. Such findings underscore the necessity for preliminary data analysis when selecting optimal clustering algorithms, as instances of complex methods failing to improve results are not uncommon. This work illustrates the importance of balance between method complexity and effectiveness in real-world applications and emphasizes the potential for increased resource expenditure without commensurate gains in clustering performance.
Apoptotic proteins in Leishmania donovani: in silico screening, modeling, and validation by knock-out and gene expression analysis
Authors: Kumar Ketan , Crobu Lucien , Thiam Rokhaya , Mandal Chandi C. , Sterkers Yvon , Prajapati Vijay Kumar
Published: February 2025

Visceral leishmaniasis, a life-threatening vector-borne illness that disproportionately affects children and elderly immunocompromised people, is a primary tropical neglected disease. No apoptotic partner proteins have yet been reported in Leishmania donovani, while their identification could contribute to knowledge on parasite cell death and the establishment of alternative therapeutics. We searched for mammalian Bcl-2 family protein orthologs and found one anti-apoptotic and two pro-apoptotic orthologs in L. donovani. A pro-death aquaporin protein, due to its characteristic BH3 domain known to interact with pro-apoptotic proteins in mammalian Bcl-2 family proteins, was also included in this study. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess protein-protein interactions between the identified apoptotic proteins and mimic mammalian intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The results showed that both pro-apoptotic proteins interacted with the hydrophobic pocket of the anti-apoptotic ortholog, forming a stable complex. This interaction may represent a critical event in an apoptotic pathway in L. donovani. To further characterise it, we used CRISPR-Cas9 approaches to target the identified proteins. Pure knocked population mutants, and episomal over-expressing mutant cells were exposed to apoptotic stimuli. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and quantitative expression profiling suggested that these proteins are involved in the parasite’s apoptosis and could play a role in its survival.
MacCAT-T zwischen Anspruch und Praxis – Herausforderungen bei der Beurteilung von
Einwilligungsfähigkeit bei Demenz
Authors: Rolfes Vasilija , Hinz Uta , Fangerau Heiner , Voßberg Dilara , Haupt Martin
Published: February 2025

Hintergrund Die Einwilligung ist Voraussetzung für ärztliches diagnostisches und therapeutisches
Handeln. Ein einheitliches Vorgehen bei der Überprüfung von Einwilligungsfähigkeit gibt es nicht. Für
eine strukturierte Erfassung am weitesten verbreitet ist das MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for
Treatment (MacCAT-T).

Fragestellung Bei Menschen mit Demenz ist aufgrund der Erkrankung die Einwilligungsfähigkeit
beeinträchtigt. Für die Frage, inwieweit sich strukturierte Erhebungsverfahren bei Menschen mit Demenz
sinnvoll einsetzen lassen, stellen wir mit einem Schwerpunkt auf das MacCAT-T die Funktion, Stärken und
Schwächen strukturierter Erhebungsverfahren vor und diskutieren Vorschläge zur Modifizierung und
Weiterentwicklung des Tools.

Material und Methode Mittels der Literaturdatenbank Pub-Med wurde unter Berücksichtigung der
PRISMA Richtlinien eine systematische Literaturrecherche und -analyse zu Arbeiten durchgeführt, die seit
dem Jahr 2010 veröffentlicht wurden. Ergebnisse Das MacCAT-T ist zwar bei verschiedenen Diagnosen valide
und reliabel anwendbar, kann aber die Gedächtnisproblematik bei Menschen mit Demenz nicht umfassend
berücksichtigen. Es erfasst vornehmlich kognitive Funktionen. Entscheidungen beruhen jedoch auch auf
Emotionen, Intuitionen und Werten, die durch das MacCAT-T nicht erfasst werden. Kommunikative
Einschränkungen bei Demenzkranken werden ausgeblendet.

Schlussfolgerungen Es wird empfohlen, bei Menschen mit Demenz Informationen in einfacher Sprache
zu vermitteln, zu verschriftlichen und zu visualisieren. Die Entwicklung und Ausarbeitung eines
abgestuften Vorgehens bei der Prüfung von Einwilligungsfähigkeit sind angezeigt. Die dabei zu
bestimmenden Abstufungen des Umfangs und der Tiefe der Prüfung sollten sich am Schweregrad der kognitiven
Störungen, dem Nutzen/Risiko-Verhältnis der vorgeschlagenen ärztlichen Maßnahme und dem individuellen
Profil von affektiven Funktionen und wertebasierten Prägungen orientieren.
Kernel regression methods for prediction of materials properties: Recent developments
Authors: Thant Ye Min , Wakamiya Taishiro , Nukunudompanich Methawee , Kameda Keisuke , Ihara Manabu , Manzhos Sergei
Published: February 2025

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in chemical physics and materials science. One major area of thrust is machine learning of properties of molecules and solid materials from descriptors of chemical composition and structure. Recently, kernel regression methods of various flavors—such as kernel ridge regression, Gaussian process regression, and support vector machine—have attracted attention in such applications. Kernel methods allow benefiting simultaneously from the advantages of linear regressions and the superior expressive power of nonlinear kernels. In many applications, kernel methods are used in high-dimensional feature spaces, where sampling with training data is bound to be sparse and where effects specific to high-dimensional spaces significantly affect the performance of the method. We review recent applications of kernel-based methods for the prediction of properties of molecules and materials from descriptors of chemical composition and structure and related purposes. We discuss methodological aspects including choices of kernels appropriate for different applications, effects of dimensionality, and ways to balance expressive power and reliability of the model in high-dimensional feature spaces and with sparse data. We also discuss kernel regression-based hybrid ML approaches.
An optimally designed virtual impactor integrated with a quartz crystal microbalance sensor for submicron particulate matter classification and detection
Authors: Wang Yong , Meng Hui , Hu Luoke , Leng Longlong
Published: February 2025

Long-term exposure to particulate matter, especially submicron particulate matter (PM1), poses significant health risks by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This paper reports an optimally designed virtual impactor (VI) integrated with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for the classification and detection of PM1 particles. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were employed to optimize the included angles and outlet size of the VI’s flow channels, minimizing eddy formation and reducing airflow impact on the sidewalls of the flow channels, thereby enhancing the durability of the VI. The VI was fabricated using 3D printing, and its optimization effectiveness was validated by assessing particle wall loss. The performance of the PM1 detection system was examined by classifying SiO2 particles ranging from 0.2 to 2 µm using the VI and detecting PM1 particles with the QCM sensor. Results showed that after classification, the majority of particles in the major flow channels were PM1. The frequency shift of the QCM sensor showed a linear correlation with the mass of particles deposited on its surface. Moreover, the system’s performance was found to be comparable to that of commercial instruments.
Thermal analysis in peristaltic pumping: Effects of surface roughness and channel geometries
Authors: Kumar Ashvani , Bhardwaj Anjali , Tripathi Dharmendra
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the thermal analysis of couple stress fluid flow driven by peristaltic pumping, focusing on the impact of surface roughness and channel geometry on fluid flow behavior and thermal properties. The analytical model examines the heat transfer behavior of couple stress fluid flow across smooth and rough surfaces, quantifying flow characteristics such as axial velocity, pressure gradient, and skin friction. A parametric analysis is conducted to examine the effects of key parameters, including the Grashof number, heat source parameter, and couple stress parameter, on flow characteristics and thermal properties. This study reveals that surface roughness and channel geometry significantly affect fluid flow behavior, altering thermal properties such as temperature distribution, heat transfer rate, and entropy generation. The findings provide insight into optimizing fluid flow and thermal management in microfluidic devices and cooling channels, particularly by reducing resistance. Key output parameters for these enhancements include reduced entropy generation, improved axial velocity, optimized pressure distribution, and better heat transfer efficacy. This study provides a benchmark for future research exploring various geometries of channel obstructions, surface modulations, and rheological properties of fluids with diverse thermal boundary conditions. The results have significant implications for the development of efficient biomedical devices and industrial applications.
The overall thermal performance enhancement in an internal cooling channel by the hierarchical-truncated rib scheme
Authors: Zhang Ben-Xi , Wang Li-Qian , Lu Wei , Zhu Kai-Qi , Wang Yi-Bo , Wang Shao-Yu , Yang Yan-Ru , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: February 2025

In an internal cooling channel, the overall thermal performance enhancement is studied under various hierarchical-truncated rib schemes via the computational fluid dynamics simulation. The simulation result shows that in a wide Reynolds number range, the low-pressure recirculation region behind ribs is significantly compressed by the linearly decreased rib height. Hence, with the linearly decreased rib height, the pressure drop penalty is significantly less under the hierarchical rib scheme than that under the non-hierarchical rib scheme, resulting in the overall thermal performance enhancement under the hierarchical rib scheme. In comparison with other hierarchical rib schemes, the distribution of smooth fluid flows, transverse vortices, and spanwise vortices is better under the hierarchical fractal-truncated rib scheme. Hence, under the hierarchical fractal-truncated rib scheme, there is better thermal performance. The overall thermal performance under the hierarchical fractal-truncated rib scheme is further enhanced by optimizing the distribution of smooth fluid flows, transverse vortices, and spanwise vortices. As a result of the optimized distribution, the best thermal performance is simultaneously realized by the optimized gap length and the optimized rib spacing in the wide Reynolds number range, which is composed of the significant heat transfer enhancement and the extreme flow loss reduction.
Research on dynamic ablative behavior of contact during breaking of DC circuit breaker
Authors: Guo Ze , Ma Chuanjun , Guo Zixu , Liu Hang , Chen Xiangji
Published: February 2025

During the circuit breaker’s breaking process, an arc is generated, which exerts an ablative effect on the contacts and significantly impacts the electrical life of the circuit breaker. Therefore, studying the ablation mechanism of arcs is crucial for enhancing the breaking performance and extending the electrical life of circuit breakers. To investigate the ablation effect of arcs on contacts, a double-break DC circuit breaker model was developed. Utilizing magnetohydrodynamics theory, FLUENT software was employed to simulate the arc motion, establish the energy balance equation for arcing and contacts, analyze the ablation mechanism during arc ignition, and calculate the mass loss of contacts during a single arc event. An experimental platform was established to conduct electrical life tests on the circuit breaker. The ablation mass loss was measured through these tests. The results indicate that under identical breaking conditions, the experimental outcomes align with the simulation results. Building on this, the influence of the breaker’s breaking speed on contact ablation was examined. Simulation results reveal that the arc ablation at the end of the contact is most severe during the combustion process, and as the breaking speed increases, the extent of arc ablation on the contact gradually diminishes.
A design study of deployable wing for a reusable shuttle
Authors: Fan Chuning , Qiao Xiaotao , Chow Jun
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the rise of the commercial space market, there has been an increasing amount of research and breakthroughs in the field of reusable shuttles, making it a strategic focus for leading spacefaring nations. This paper presents a design of a deployable wing mechanism for a typical reusable spacecraft, enabling the shuttle to be stowed within the fairing after folding. A methodology for validating the design’s feasibility is outlined. By subjecting the critical components of the folding mechanism to structural verification and conducting a rational assessment of the weight increment introduced by the entire system, the rationality of the design has been successfully confirmed.
Study on the influence of Leading-edge gap with drooped spoiler on civil aircraft
Authors: Cheng Changfu , Liu Cangsong , Mao Jun , Wu Dawei
Published: February 2025

For the Adaptive Dropped Hinge Flap (ADHF), there exists a gap between the spoiler and the fixed wing when the spoiler is deflected, which affects the aerodynamic characteristics of the airplane. Numerical simulations are conducted on multi-segment wings with a deflected spoiler, focusing on the aerodynamic effects of the gap around multi-segment airfoils with spoiler deflection. The results show that the gap of the drooped spoiler has a significant influence on the characteristics of lift and drag, reducing the lift line slope of the linear segment, and decreasing the maximum lift coefficient. Also, the presence of the gap causes the stall angle of attack to decrease. Additionally, this effect diminishes with the decrease in the deflection angle of the spoiler.
Development of a high overload resistant micro inertial measurement unit
Authors: Li Yuhu , He Jin , Hao Chunzhao
Published: February 2025

A stepped vibration reduction scheme with double-layer structure anisotropic vibration reduction was creatively proposed, and the stepped vibration reduction design of damping pads and energy-absorbing materials was creatively carried out. A high-overload resistant micro-inertial measurement unit was creatively designed. Compared with the traditional high-overload single impact curve simulation, this paper quantitatively divides the impact duration into microsecond and millisecond stages, and studies the maximum stress and maximum deformation of the high-overload micro-inertial measurement unit through segmented multiple simulations. The simulation results show that the inertial measurement unit meets the index requirement of 20,000 g impact within 12 milliseconds. When the impact curve is in the microsecond stage, the maximum stress and maximum deformation of the high-overload resistant micro-inertial measurement unit reach the peak value. It is suitable to use stress wave theory to analyze the maximum stress and maximum deformation. The artillery test was carried out to determine the damage mechanism of the gyroscope chip. The artillery impact has a large high-frequency component, and the inertial module damping structure is insufficient to reduce the vibration of the high-frequency impact, resulting in the fracture of the gyroscope detection sensitive beam. Further vibration reduction protection design was carried out, and the final data met the requirements of various indicators, which has universal significance for further research on vibration reduction technology.
Research on high-precision measurement technology for aircraft large-scale tooling assembly
Authors: Zheng Weitao , Bi Xiuwen , Yang Feng , Wei Junjie , Jie Lurui
Published: February 2025

With the trend of aircraft component assembly moving towards integration, large size, and high precision, more stringent requirements are being placed on assembly fixtures. This paper conducts a technical study on high-precision measurement techniques for large-scale aircraft assembly tooling. It analyzes the measurement error of points based on laser trackers and the error of changing stations in the measurement unit. By locally establishing a networked measurement system composed of laser trackers to form a measurement unit, an optimized multi-lateral measurement algorithm is adopted to calibrate the reference. The calibration accuracy of the reference as a whole is improved through a ring-closed global optimization algorithm, establishing a global measurement coordinate system. The precision of the large-scale measurement field is verified through experiments, and based on this, a method for constructing the measurement field for large-scale assembly fixtures is analyzed and summarized.
Research on evaluation model of satellite health of space launch site based on parameter statistics
Authors: Tong Fei , Yan Qingqing , Huang Fuqiang , Li Jing , Ling Yang , Lin Yiyong
Published: February 2025

In order to evaluate the health status of the satellite before launch at the space launch site, a satellite evaluation model based on parameter statistics is proposed. By analyzing the satellite test process, the general test items are obtained. The weight factor of the importance of the test item through scoring is set by multiple experts. By subdividing the qualitative and quantitative evaluation items and constructing the calculation model of the healthy degree and stability degree, a set of evaluation methods for the stage healthy degree of the satellite launch site is obtained. After many practices and revisions, the research results can quantitatively evaluate the overall health status of the satellite at the launch site stage, provide a decision basis for whether the satellite meets the launch conditions before launch, and effectively support the satellite test and evaluation work.
Study on the deformation measuring method under tensile loads of silicon nitride Fiber-reinforced quartz ceramic matrix composites in the High-temperature environment of 1,100°C
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Chen Lichun , Liu Xiaofei
Published: February 2025

With the adoption of the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method in the high-temperature deformation measuring under tensile loads of silicon nitride fiber-reinforced quartz ceramic matrix composites, a deformation measuring technique suitable for the high-temperature environment of 1, 100°C was established. In the high-temperature tensile experiment, a high-temperature furnace was used to heat the sample, and an electronic universal experimental machine was used to apply tensile loads to the sample. A visual camera system equipped with filters was used to measure the deformation of materials at high temperatures. A comparison was made with the data obtained from the contact strain test, and results indicated that this non-contact optical measurement method is simple in principle, highly anti-interference, and highly accurate in measurement. It can also be used to measure the deformation of materials under thermal mechanical loads and holds good prospects in the aerospace field.

CLC No.: TB96 Document code: A
Extended affine Lie algebras, affine vertex algebras, and general linear groups
Authors: Chen Fulin , Li Haisheng , Tan Shaobin , Wang Qing
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we explore natural connections among the representations of the extended affine Lie algebra

s
l

N

^

(

C

q

)

\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_N}(\mathbb {C}_q)

with

C

q

=

C

q

[

t
0

±
1

,

t
1

±
1

]

\mathbb {C}_q=\mathbb {C}_q[t_0^{\pm 1},t_1^{\pm 1}]

an irrational quantum

2
2

-torus, the simple affine vertex algebra

L

s
l

∞

^

(
ℓ
,
0
)

L_{\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_\infty }}(\ell ,0)

with

ℓ
\ell

a positive integer, and Levi subgroups

G
L

I

\mathrm {GL}_{\mathbf {I}}

of

G
L

ℓ

(

C

)

\mathrm {GL}_\ell (\mathbb {C})

. First, we give a canonical isomorphism between the category of integrable restricted

s
l

N

^

(

C

q

)

\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_N}(\mathbb {C}_q)

-modules of level

ℓ
\ell

and that of equivariant quasi

L

s
l

∞

^

(
ℓ
,
0
)

L_{\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_\infty }}(\ell ,0)

-modules. Second, we classify irreducible

N

\mathbb N

-graded equivariant quasi

L

s
l

∞

^

(
ℓ
,
0
)

L_{\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_\infty }}(\ell ,0)

-modules. Third, we establish a duality between irreducible

N

\mathbb N

-graded equivariant quasi

L

s
l

∞

^

(
ℓ
,
0
)

L_{\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_\infty }}(\ell ,0)

-modules and irreducible regular

G
L

I

\mathrm {GL}_{\mathbf {I}}

-modules on certain fermionic Fock spaces. Fourth, we obtain an explicit realization of every irreducible

N

\mathbb N

-graded equivariant quasi

L

s
l

∞

^

(
ℓ
,
0
)

L_{\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_\infty }}(\ell ,0)

-module. Fifth, we completely determine the following branchings: (i) The branching from
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L Subscript ModifyingAbove German s German l Sub Subscript normal infinity Subscript With caret Baseline left-parenthesis script l comma 0 right-parenthesis circled-times upper L Subscript ModifyingAbove German s German l Sub Subscript normal infinity Subscript With caret Baseline left-parenthesis script l prime comma 0 right-parenthesis">

L

s
l

∞

^

(
ℓ
,
0
)
⊗

L

s
l

∞

^

(

ℓ
′

,
0
)

L_{\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_\infty }}(\ell ,0)\otimes L_{\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_\infty }}(\ell ’,0)

to

L

s
l

∞

^

(
ℓ
+

ℓ
′

,
0
)

L_{\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_\infty }}(\ell +\ell ’,0)

for quasi modules. (ii) The branching from

s
l

N

^

(

C

q

)

\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_N}(\mathbb {C}_q)

to its Levi subalgebras. (iii) The branching from

s
l

N

^

(

C

q

)

\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_N}(\mathbb {C}_q)

to its subalgebras
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="ModifyingAbove German s German l Subscript upper N Baseline With caret left-parenthesis double-struck upper C Subscript q Baseline left-bracket t 0 Superscript plus-or-minus upper M 0 Baseline comma t 1 Superscript plus-or-minus upper M 1 Baseline right-bracket right-parenthesis">

s
l

N

^

(

C

q

[

t
0

±

M
0

,

t
1

±

M
1

]
)

\widehat {\mathfrak {sl}_N}(\mathbb {C}_q[t_0^{\pm M_0},t_1^{\pm M_1}])

.
Introduction
Authors: Dyck Corey W.
Published: February 2025

The conflict between Christian Wolff and the figures of the Pietist movement constitutes the key intellectual controversy of the first half of the eighteenth century in Germany, and yet this controversy is widely overlooked by historians of the period. In this Introductory chapter, I consider the reasons for this neglect, which I identify as a reductive view of Wolff as a mere Leibnizan systematizer, a prejudicial conception of the Pietists as anti-philosophical, and a narrow focus on the many, frequently unedifying, texts exchanged in the course of the dispute. Accordingly, I propose to redress this neglect in this monograph in the follow ways. First, I draw attention to the broader context for Wolff’s metaphysics, outside of Leibniz, and connect it to his own early efforts to articulate the proper method of science. Second, I offer a sympathetic presentation of the philosophical bona fides of Pietism, particularly through a detailed consideration of the thought of Joachim Lange who, I contend, succeeds in offering a novel philosophical alternative to Wolff’s metaphysics. Finally, I contend that the true historical impact, and philosophical significance, of the controversy between Wolff and the Pietists is only appreciated once we also bring into consideration the various philosophers, beyond those immediate disciples and inflexible partisans immersed in the polemics, who worked to resolve the various tensions by refining, revising, and even synthesizing the metaphysical positions at issue.
Wolff and the Refinement of the Mathematical Method
Authors: Dyck Corey W.
Published: February 2025

Christian Wolff produced a distinctive and highly influential metaphysical system, but to understand the true character of Wolff’s metaphysics, we first need to understand the circumstances in which Wolff developed it and the place it occupied in his early philosophical and scientific project. In this chapter, many of the principal and marginal texts from the years 1703–1718 are considered with an eye to understanding the intellectual context for Wolff’s turn to metaphysics. These early texts include his first philosophical dissertations and publications, but also his more narrowly scientific and mathematical writings, as well as his reviews in the Acta eruditorum and his correspondence with Leibniz. Over the course of considering these largely neglected pieces, what will emerge will serve as the basis for a completely new and comprehensive portrait of Wolff, one that illustrates how firmly situated his metaphysics is within his broader scientific ambitions.
Healthcare and Community Organizations Implementing Evidence-Based Dementia Caregiving Programs: Findings from Best Programs for Caregiving
Authors: Cannon Rachel M , Bass David M , Powers Sara M , Minyo Morgan J , Fete Zoe F , Huth Megan K
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

A major success in implementation science is the delivery of evidence-based dementia support programs for family/friend caregivers by service organizations. Best Programs for Caregiving (BPC) launched in 2020 as an online resource profiling 42 evidence-based programs being delivered as regular services. Data collected in 2018-2019 describes the number, characteristics, and experiences of organizations delivering BPC programs.

Research and Design Methods

Data came from structured surveys of program developers and organizations delivering BPC programs. Descriptive analyses profile programs and organizations.

Results

In 2018-2019, 350 organizations were reported as implementing 37 BPC programs, serving an estimated 40,000 caregivers and persons living with dementia. Most delivery organizations were healthcare systems (n = 77, 23.8%), AAAs (n = 77, 23.8%), or Alzheimer’s/Dementia Associations (n = 39, 12.0%). Eighteen funding sources were used to cover program-delivery costs, which most commonly were the Older Americans Act Title III E (n = 60, 34.3%) and non-ACL grants (n = 49, 28.0%). The most common challenges with delivering programs were marketing (n = 124, 69.8%) and engaging caregivers (n = 118, 66.3%), despite high satisfaction with program training and support.

Discussion and Implications

More organizations than previously known were delivering evidence-based BPC programs. Delivery experiences varied widely, with top challenges highlighting the need to increase knowledge of the availability of dementia caregiving support programs. Findings offer benchmarks for assessing the future availability and reach of evidence-based dementia caregiving programs to meet the needs of the increasing number of families caring for individuals living with dementia.