bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional audit and survey of Open Science and Data Sharing practices at The Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Sanam , Cobey Kelly D. , Presseau Justin , Alayche Mohsen , Willis Jessie Virginia , Moher David
Published: October 2023

Background: Open science is a movement and set of practices to conduct research more transparently. The adoption of open science has been recognized to support innovation, equity, and transparency. The Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (Neuro) has committed to becoming an ‘open science’ institute, the first of its kind in Canada. Here we report on an audit of open data practices in Neuro publications and on a survey of Neuro-based researchers’ barriers and facilitators to data sharing.

Methods: In the first study, we retrieved 313 unique publications and collated all Neuro publications from 2019 and extracted information from each article pertaining to data sharing and other open science practices. We included all empirical papers and pre-prints that were reported in English. In the second study, one hundred twenty-four participants (out of 553) completed the survey, with a response rate of 22.42%. We surveyed all Neuro researchers. For the audit, we examined data sharing and open science practices. For the survey, we asked participants questions about their data sharing practices and perceptions.

Results: We found that 66.5% of these publications (n=208) included a data sharing statement. Overall, 74.5% (n=155) of articles had data that was publicly available. When examining broader open science practices, rates of compliance tended to be lower. For example, 94.9% (n=297) of publications failed to register a protocol. Among participants who had published a first or last authored paper in the past year, most participants, 53 of 74 (71.62%), reported that they had openly shared their research data. Less than half of the participants, 37.50% (n=45), reported having engaged in training related to data sharing within the last 12 months.

Conclusion: We found that half of all publications included in the audit shared data. Participants indicated an appetite for resources for learning about data-sharing signaling a willingness to perform better.
Network Pharmacology Analysis Reveals Bioactive Compounds and Potential Targets of Sea cucumber for Cervical Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ujianti Irena , Semara Lakshmi Bety , Nurusshofa Zahra , Sukarya Wawang , Indriyanti Leli
Published: October 2023

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women in many countries, and finding effective anticancer treatments for this type of cancer is challenging due to high rates of HPV infection and low vaccination rates among women of childbearing age. Studies have shown that protein oncogenes produced by HPV stimulate cell growth, promoting tumor development and treatment resistance. It explores the potential therapeutic mechanisms of Scitophus hermanii in treating cervical cancer using network pharmacology, identifying PTGS2, EGFR, and NFE2L2 as targets. Bioactive compounds in sea cucumbers, such as Gangliosides, Stichoposide and variegatuside have the potential to prevent cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor expression. The review suggests that targeting pathways could be a promising strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer. SwissADME also predicted the drug-like properties of the active chemicals in sea cucumbers. This discussion sheds new light on the potential use of marine natural products for the treatment of various types of cervical cancers.
Cerebrospinal fluid cytochemical analysis from COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders
Authors: Quispe-Aranda David , Cruz-Gonzales Gloria , Rojas-Zumaran Víctor , Hurtado-Concha Arístides , Cruz-Gonzales William , Moya-Salazar Jeel , Walttuoni-Picón Eder
Published: October 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected millions of people around the world. Most cytochemical studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have shown abnormal results. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the physical, cytological, and chemical alterations of the CSF cytochemical examination of COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders in Peru. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital. The study population consisted of 94 CSF samples obtained by lumbar puncture from inpatient patients. Likewise, the paired T-test and one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to determine the differences in the values of CSF biochemical markers. Results: The most frequent neurological disorders were encephalopathy (43%) and brain tumor (23%). The most relevant physical characteristics were cloudy and reddish fluids in the brain tumor and intracerebral hemorrhage; however, in encephalopathies, transparent-looking liquids were observed. CSF glucose from patients with encephalopathy (30%) and intracerebral hemorrhage (13%) had concentrations >70 mg/dL. Proteins >45mg/dl corresponded to 20% of patients with encephalopathy and 17% of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and brain tumor. Likewise, no differences were found in glucose concentration between neurological disorders (p>0.05); however, differences in protein concentration were observed (p=0.001). Finally, among the cytological characteristics, it was found that patients with encephalopathy (33%) and brain tumor (20%) presented a leukocyte count <5 cells/ul. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the characteristics of CSF may differ depending on the type of neurological complication experienced by patients with COVID-19.
Evaluation of comparative efficacy of cow milk treated Sida Cordifolia oil nasal administration (Ksheerbala Taila Nasya) versus Convolvulus pluricaulis oil nasal administration (Shankapushpi Taila Nasya) in the management of primary insomnia (Anidra)- a trial protocol
Authors: Gautam Dr.Annya , Ade Dr.Vinod
Published: October 2023

Background: Ayurveda, formerly known as the "Science of Life," is a distinct science and philosophy that aims to achieve comprehensive wellbeing by balancing the psychological, emotional, spiritual, and physical facets of life.  The three basic principles listed by Ayurveda to maintain good health are Food (Ahara), sleep (Nindra), and Celibacy (Bramhacharya). According to Ayurveda, it is a strong rigid support of life. Many people today depend on sleeping pills and have developed a dependence on them. Potentially harmful side effects of sleeping drugs include drowsiness during the day, constipation, dizziness, and problems maintaining equilibrium.  It is said that a vitiated Vata Dosha sets off the effects of insomnia, hence balancing Vata Dosha can provide relief in the event of Insomnia. Convolvulus Pluricaulis (Shankhpushpi) herb is a memory enhancer that can also be used as a brain tonic to stimulate brain and brain function. According to Ayurveda, the entrance to the brain is through the nose. Nasal administration refers to the practice of administering medication nasally. It is the most important therapy to treat upper clavicular disease. 

Objective: To study the evaluation of comparative efficacy of cow milk treated sida cordifolia oil nasal administration (Ksheerbala Taila Nasya) versus Convolvulus Pluricaulis Oil Nasal Administration (Shankapushpi Taila Nasya) in the Management of Primary Insomnia (Anidra)-RCT  

Protocol: In this study, a total of 128 patients will be divided into two groups. In group, A (64 patient) cow milk treated with Sida Cordifoila Oil Nasal Administration will be administered eight drops in each nostril for 15 days. The same will be used for the other 64 patients i.e., group B with Convolvulus Pluricaulis Oil Nasal Administration.  

Expected result: The result will be assessed on the objective parameter and data will be compared after the treatment.
The Brain Imaging for Global Health (BRIGHT) Project: Longitudinal cohort study protocol
Authors: Lloyd-Fox Sarah , McCann Sam , Milosavljevic Bosiljka , Katus Laura , Blasi Anna , Bulgarelli Chiara , Crespo-Llado Maria , Ghillia Giulia , Fadera Tijan , Mbye Ebrima , Mason Luke , Njai Fabakary , Njie Omar , Perapoch-Amado Marta , Rozhko Maria , Sosseh Fatima , Saidykhan Mariama , Touray Ebou , Moore Sophie E. , Elwell Clare E. ,   The BRIGHT Project team
Published: October 2023

There is a scarcity of prospective longitudinal research targeted at early postnatal life which maps developmental pathways of early-stage processing and brain specialisation in the context of early adversity. Follow up from infancy into the one-five year age range is key, as it constitutes a critical gap between infant and early childhood studies. Availability of portable neuroimaging (functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG)) has enabled access to rural settings increasing the diversity of our sampling and broadening developmental research to include previously underrepresented ethnic-racial and geographical groups in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). The primary objective of the Brain Imaging for Global Health (BRIGHT) project was to establish brain function - using longitudinal data from mother - for-age reference curves infant dyads living in the UK and rural Gambia and investigate the association between context-associated moderators and developmental trajectories across the first two years of life in The Gambia. In total, 265 participating families were seen during pregnancy, at 7–14 days, 1-, 5-, 8-, 12-, 18- and 24-months post-partum. An additional visit is now underway at 3–5 years to assess pre-school outcomes. The majority of our Gambian cohort live in poverty, but while resource-poor in many factors they commonly experience a rich and beneficial family and caregiving context with multigenerational care and a close-knit supportive community. Understanding the impact of different factors at play in such an environment (i.e., detrimental undernutrition versus beneficial multigenerational family support) will (i) improve the representativeness of models of general cognitive developmental pathways from birth, (ii) identify causal pathways of altered trajectories associated with early adversity at both individual and group level, and (iii) identify the context-associated moderators (i.e. social context) that protect development despite the presence of poverty-associated challenges. This will in turn contribute to the development of targeted interventions.
Eligibility rates and representativeness of the General Medical Services scheme population in Ireland 2016-2021: A methodological report
Authors: Mattsson Molly , Flood Michelle , Wallace Emma , Boland Fiona , Moriarty Frank
Published: October 2023

Background In Ireland, the means tested General Medical Services (GMS) scheme provides access to a range of healthcare services at no or low cost to approximately one third of the population. Individuals eligible for the GMS scheme are often a focus of research, as a population that account for a large proportion of healthcare services use. The aim of this study is to describe the eligibility rates and representativeness of the GMS scheme population over time, with respect to age group, sex, and geographical area in Ireland. Methods Population data was obtained from the Central Statistics Office (CSO), using 2016 Census figures and projected population figures for 2017-2021. GMS eligibility figures for 2016-2021 were obtained from the HSE Primary Care Reimbursement Service (PCRS). GMS eligibility rates and relative rates of eligibility were calculated for 2016-2021 by age group and sex. Additionally, 2016 eligibility rates were calculated by geographical area. Results The crude eligibility rate decreased from 36.4% in 2016 to 31.2% in 2020, with a slight increase to 31.6% in 2021. In the 75+ years age group, 78.2% of the total population were eligible for the GMS scheme in 2021. The age group with the lowest rate of eligible individuals was the 25–34 age group, with 19.5% eligible in 2021. The eligibility rate was higher among females compared to males throughout the study period. The highest eligibility rate was seen in Donegal, with a crude rate of 52.8%. Dublin had the lowest rate, with a crude rate of 29.3%. Conclusions GMS eligibility varies greatly depending on age, sex, and geographical area, and decreased between 2016 and 2021. This study uses the most up-to-date data available to provide age group, sex and area-based figures for GMS eligibility which may inform planning and conduct of research focusing on GMS-eligible individuals.
Financial incentives to improve uptake of partner services for sexually transmitted infections in Zimbabwe antenatal care: protocol for a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Martin Kevin , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Dauya Ethel , Mackworth-Young Constance RS. , Tucker Joseph D. , Simms Victoria , Bandason Tsitsi , Ndowa Francis , Machiha Anna , Bernays Sarah , Marks Michael , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis, are associated with adverse birth outcomes. Treatment should be accompanied by partner services to prevent re-infection and break cycles of transmission. Partner services include the processes of partner notification (PN) as well as arranging for their attendance for testing and/or treatment. However, due to a complex mix of cultural, socio-economic, and health access factors, uptake of partner services is often very low, in many settings globally. Alternative strategies to facilitate partner services are therefore needed. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of a small financial incentive on uptake of partner services for STIs as part of antenatal care (ANC) services in Zimbabwe. Methods and analysis This trial will be embedded within a prospective interventional study in Harare, aiming to evaluate integration of point-of-care diagnostics for STIs into ANC settings. One thousand pregnant women will be screened for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis. All individuals with STIs will be offered treatment, risk reduction counselling, and client PN. Each clinic day will be randomised 1:1 to be an incentive or non-incentive day. On incentive days, participants diagnosed with a curable STI will be offered a PN slip, that when returned will entitle their partners to $3 (USD) in compensation. On non-incentive days, regular PN slips with no incentive are provided. The primary outcome measure is the proportion of individuals with at least one partner who returns for partner services based on administrative records. Secondary outcomes will include the number of days between index case diagnosis and the partner attending for partner services, uptake of PN slips by pregnant women, adverse birth outcomes in index cases, partners who receive treatment, and intervention cost. Registration Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR202302702036850 (Approval date 18th February 2022).
Childhood life events of women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Gregory Steven , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Northstone Kate , Golding Jean
Published: October 2023

At the time of planning ALSPAC there was accumulating evidence that abuse and other childhood traumas were related to psychiatric problems later in life. In addition, the age at which such trauma occurred was likely to be important in influencing its long-term impact. Detailed data was therefore collected from enrolled women on traumatic events occurring during their own childhoods, along with their age at the time. The questionnaire entitled ‘About Yourself’ was sent out to expectant women who had enrolled in the study, which included a page in the form of a grid (an events diary) with one row per year of childhood and columns for recording where she was living at the time, who was looking after her, and any traumatic events that occurred. These free-text responses were then coded, and any events were assigned a score indicating the level of trauma the event was likely to have caused on a scale of 1 (highly traumatic) to 6 (least traumatic). This paper describes the variety of text data collected and how it was coded. The ALSPAC study has a great deal of follow-up data collected on the original respondents, as well as on their parents and grandparents, partners, offspring and their grandchildren, providing huge potential for analyses on the antecedents and outcomes of adverse childhood events across multiple generations.
Menstrual cycle features in mothers and daughters in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Sawyer Gemma , Howe Laura D. , Fraser Abigail , Clayton Gemma , Lawlor Deborah A. , Sharp Gemma C.
Published: October 2023

Problematic menstrual cycle features, including irregular periods, severe pain, heavy bleeding, absence of periods, frequent or infrequent cycles, and premenstrual symptoms, are experienced by high proportions of females and can have substantial impacts on their health and well-being. However, research aimed at identifying causes and risk factors associated with such menstrual cycle features is sparse and limited. This data note describes prospective, longitudinal data collected in a UK birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), on menstrual cycle features, which can be utilised to address the research gaps in this area. Data were collected in both mothers (G0) and index daughters (G1) across 21 and 20 timepoints respectively between 1991 and 2020. This data note details all available variables, proposes methods to derive comparable variables across data collection timepoints, and discusses important limitations specific to each menstrual cycle feature. Also, the data note identifies broader issues for researchers to consider when utilising the menstrual cycle feature data, such as hormonal contraception, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause, as well as missing data and misclassification.
The genome sequence of a hoverfly, Sphaerophoria taeniata (Meigen, 1822)
Authors: Falk Steven , Sudworth Jennifer ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Sphaerophoria taeniata (a hoverfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence is 609.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.42 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 24,213 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the Common Spotted Hoverfly, Eupeodes luniger (Meigen, 1822)
Authors: Hawkes William L.S. , Wotton Karl R. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Eupeodes luniger (the Common Spotted Hoverfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence is 616.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 4 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.45 kilobases in length.
Education and Intended Number of Children in Germany, Moldova and Norway: An International Comparison Using FReDA and GGS-II-data
Authors: Krapf Sandra , Buber-Ennser Isabella , Bujard Martin
Published: October 2023

In this study, we compare the intended number of children in Germany, Moldova and Norway in 2020 and 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a first step, we compare the intended number of children (including children born) in the newly available Generations and Gender Survey round 2 (GGS-II) and the German FReDA-GGS data. In a second step, we estimate the number of further intended children with multinomial logistic regression models. The results reveal considerable differences across the three countries. Respondents in Moldova plan to have rather large families (on average 3.3 children, including children born), whereas individuals in Norway and Germany intend to have 2.0 and 1.8 children, respectively. In the multinomial logistic regression analyses, we find differences in the association of educational level and fertility plans by gender and country. In Germany, education is positively related to the intention to have further children. This pattern is more pronounced for women than for men. Furthermore, this association is also found among Norwegian men. In Moldova, we find only weak evidence for this association. For Norwegian women, education and the intention to have further children also seem to be unrelated. While most data about the intended number of children refer to the 2000s or earlier, we contribute to the literature by providing recent insights on the intended number of children in three European countries, including Moldova, a country that is understudied in demographic research.

* This article belongs to a special issue on “Family Research and Demographic Analysis – New Insights from the German Family Demography Panel Study (FReDA)”.
Metodología basada en la evidencia. Una nueva herramienta contra la violencia de género
Authors: Piedra Cristóbal Julio , Domínguez Contreras Álvaro
Published: October 2023

La violencia de género es una de las violaciones de los Derechos Humanos más generalizadas, devastadoras y extendidas. Su persistencia es un obstáculo para alcanzar la igualdad, el desarrollo y la paz por lo que se hace necesario llevar a cabo un abordaje, con dimensiones globales por sus graves consecuencias físicas, económicas y psicológicas sobre las mujeres y las niñas, tanto a corto como a largo plazo, al impedirles participar plenamente y en pie de igualdad en la sociedad. A pesar de los importantes avances, las actuales cifras de víctimas de la violencia machista son alarmantes, de ahí que sea necesario encontrar nuevas herramientas conducentes a paliar sus efectos. Este artículo presenta las bases principales para aplicar con éxito la metodología de la práctica basada en la evidencia (MBE) en las intervenciones sociales en casos de violencia de género en los que haya una convivencia prolongada de la mujer con su agresor, ya que esta situación aumenta considerablemente el riesgo de violencia. Dada la limitación de recursos sociales e instituciones para afrontar este problema, agravada por la crisis, resulta básico utilizarlos correctamente para implantar programas o realizar intervenciones que hayan demostrado su eficacia con anterioridad. Esta metodología ayuda a encontrar evidencias (sospecha de maltrato y condicionantes que evitan el abandono de la convivencia con el agresor) que facilitan al/a la trabajador/a social intervenir con mayor eficacia y eficiencia.
Procedimiento y rol competencial de los/as profesionales del Trabajo Social Sanitario de Andalucía ante la eutanasia como derecho subjetivo
Authors: : Jiménez Rodríguez, J.M
Published: October 2023

La eutanasia es un derecho subjetivo reconocido en el ordenamiento jurídico español tras la aprobación de su Ley. Esta permite a la persona poner fin a la vida cuando la enfermedad presenta un pronóstico fatal. Las comunidades autónomas juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo de este precepto normativo, pues son las encargadas de propiciar los mecanismos adecuados para que este derecho se consolide. En la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía esta prestación queda implantada en la Cartera de Servicios y Prestaciones del Servicio Andaluz de Salud, organismo que elabora los procedimientos y documentos afines a esta. Aquí, el médico de Atención Primaria de Salud asume el cargo de médico/a responsable. A este se le asignan competencias relacionadas con la información de la prestación, la valoración del caso, la realización del acto eutanásico, la confirmación, etc., así como la evaluación de la capacidad de la persona; cometido que puede suponer una sobrecarga asistencial. Además de un compromiso para quien no tiene tal destreza. En dicha autonomía el procedimiento de la prestación de ayuda para morir deja al margen a los/as trabajadores/as sociales sanitarios en cuestiones relativas a la Comisión de Garantía y Evaluación. Además, estos carecen de instrumentos de valoración específicos que eludan la subjetividad interpretativa. De ahí que deban abogar a la objetividad y reclamar espacios de intervención dentro de esta Comisión como equipo multidisciplinar.
El perro de apoyo a niños, niñas y adolescentes en los juzgados de familia como herramienta de evaluación psicosocial ante las crisis familiares
Authors: De Andres Sanz Amelia
Published: October 2023

Los poderes públicos, como garantes de las familias, tienen la labor de asegurar la asistencia y la protección a los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) y, principalmente, cuando se encuentran ante situaciones de crisis familiares y tienen que asistir a los Juzgados de Familia (JF) para que un juez o jueza resuelva sobre su futura organización familiar. Los operadores jurídicos que trabajamos en estos juzgados podemos aminorar la amalgama de sentimientos que les genera y que les cuesta gestionar. Este artículo recoge mi experiencia como trabajadora social forense que impulsó y confió en esta herramienta de evaluación que comenzó hace más de ocho años, y que facilita el paso de los NNA por el juzgado cuando son evaluados por los Equipos Técnicos de los Juzgados de Familia (ETJF).
Análisis de las percepciones de satisfacción en usuarios/as derivadas de las intervenciones y servicios ofrecidos en un centro de atención a la infancia
Authors: Delgado Campo Rafael
Published: October 2023

El presente artículo pretende analizar las percepciones de satisfacción en usuarios/as derivados/as de las intervenciones y servicios ofrecidos en un Centro de Atención a la Infancia, integrante de la Red de Protección de Menores del Ayuntamiento de Madrid; abrir interrogantes en relación a las mismas y realizar algunas refle-xiones a partir de las cuales concretar la participación de los/as usuarios/as y reflejarla en sucesivas líneas de intervención. Supone, por tanto, un medio de procurar la participación de los/as progenitores/as, tutores/as, guardadores/as o acogedores/as en los proyectos de intervención social a desarrollar por los Servicios Sociales Especializados en Familia e Infancia de acuerdo con la modificación del sistema de protección a la infancia y la adolescencia. Pretende, finalmente, la escucha y acogida de los estados de opinión de los miembros del grupo familiar como una forma de colaborar a la restauración del lazo social y contribuir a la consecución de la preservación familiar.
Journal scan
Authors: Welyczko Nikki
Published: October 2023

A brief overview of recently published articles on gastroenterology, hepatology and stoma care
New data on alien aphid species from Pakistan (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: AMIN MUHAMMAD , MAHMOOD KHALID , BODLAH IMRAN , HASSAN MUHAMMAD ASGHAR , QASIM MUHAMMAD , SARWAR ZAHID MAHMOOD , ULLAH ZAFAR
Published: October 2023

Pakistan’s predominantly exotic aphid fauna of over 300 species is chronologically based on sporadic patchy researches. Present study, conducted in the aphidologically uncharted Poonch division of Azad Kashmir during 2017–2018, yielded 12 new alien species. Of these, Aphis (Aphis) sambuci; Hyperomyzus pallidus; Neomyzus circumflexus; Pleotrichophorus chrysanthemi; Uroleucon ambrosiae, and Uroleucon compositae are invasive species, while Aphis (Aphis) asclepiadis; Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus; Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) victoriae; Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) gei; Nasonovia (Nasonovia) ribisnigri, and Sitobion (Sitobion) africanum are non-invasive alien species. Among these, Aphis sambuci, Pleotrichophorus chrysanthemi, Aphis asclepiadis, Macrosiphoniella victoriae and Neomyzus circumflexus are new records for Pakistan. Systematics, diagnosis, host plants, study area and general distribution of the encountered alien aphid species are presented herewith. The present study also scrutinizes invasive-species/biogeographic status of nine lately documented new aphid species in the country. Out of 21 species in 18 genera, pooled under latter two parameters, 14 invasive species in 10 genera were found invasive. Palearctic elements with a total of 14 species in 11 genera dominated the data while Afrotropical, cryptogenic, Nearctic, and Oriental regions had two species in as such genera each.
Flora da Bahia: Leguminosae – Cenostigma (Caesalpinioideae: Caesalpineae)
Authors: Oliveira Filipe Gomes dos Anjos , Ribeiro Carolina Lima , Queiroz Luciano Paganucci de
Published: October 2023

É apresentado um estudo florístico do gênero Cenostigma (Leguminosae) no estado da Bahia, Brasil. São reconhecidas sete espécies amplamente distribuídas e cinco variedades: C. bracteosum, C. laxiflorum, C. macrophyllum, C. microphyllum, C. nordestinum, C. pluviosum (C. pluviosum var. cabralianum, C. pluviosum var. intermedium, C. pluviosum var. paraense, C. pluviosa var. peltophoroides e C. pluviosum var. sanfranciscanum) e C. pyramidale. O presente trabalho inclui chaves de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, fotos e mapas da distribuição das espécies e variedades no estado.
Experimental investigation on the aero-optical effects of supersonic gas films with various cooling fluids
Authors: Yao Xu , Hao-Lin Ding , Bo Zhang , Shi-He Yi
Published: October 2023

Despite the fact that a supersonic cooling gas film can efficiently
insulate aerodynamic heating, its interaction with the mainstream
generates a sophisticated flow structure which may cause significant
aero-optical ramifications. This study aims to analyze the fluid
structure and wavefront distortion of supersonic gas film when
subjected to varying nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) by employing two
distinct cooling refrigerants, namely CO2 and air. Within the NPR range of 0 to
2, a linear relationship exists between the wavefront distortion of
both CO2 and air films, while the CO2 film exhibits higher wavefront
distortion than the air. Additionally, the influence of condensation
on the discrepancies in aero-optical effects of the two refrigerants
is discussed.
Symmetrical dual-sideband oppositely chirped differential FMCW LiDAR
Authors: Zhi Yanan , Sun Yujiao , Zou Yu , Xu Bijun , Tian Kehan
Published: October 2023

A differential FMCW LiDAR for high-precision distance measurements of remote non-stationary targets is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The required positive and negative symmetrically oppositely chirped laser beams are generated synchronously through a fixed-frequency laser by employing externally unified broadband optical phase modulation and symmetrical dual-sideband optical filtering. After coaxial transmission and reception, orthogonally polarized optical beat signals containing target distance and vector velocity data are de-chirped separately by optical in-phase and quadrature demodulations and then synchronously received by four-channel photoelectric balance detectors. After differential processing of the received beat signals and a fast Fourier transform, it is possible to implement real-time simultaneous range and vector velocity measurements. The inherent symmetrically oppositely chirped optical frequency make it possible to measure the target distance immune to the internal random phase noise introduced by the spectral linewidth of the frequency-swept laser and the external random phase noise introduced by atmospheric turbulence, speckle, and vibration. Meanwhile, the measurement of the target velocity is immune to the nonlinearity of the frequency-swept laser. These results encourage an approach to overcome the barriers of coherence length, nonlinearity, and external noise, and implement simultaneous real-time ranging and velocimetry of long-range, rapid-moving targets.
Near-resonant twin-beam generation from degenerate four-wave mixing in hot 133Cs vapor enabled by field-dressed energy levels
Authors: Wang Dan , Lu Weiqing , Han Jingya , Zhang Yao , Liu Yi , Zhou Haitao , Wu Jinze , Zhang Junxiang
Published: October 2023

Squeezed light near an atomic resonance is beneficial for efficient atom-light quantum interfaces. It is desirable but challenging to directly generate in atoms due to excess noise from spontaneous emission and reabsorption. Here, we report on the use of energy-level modulation to actively control atomic coherence and interference in degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and then to enhance the DFWM gain process for the generation of near-resonant squeezed twin beams. With this technique, we obtain a −2.6 dB intensity-difference squeezing detuned 100 MHz from the D1 F = 4 to F’ = 4 transition of 133Cs.
Magnetic-field-induced splitting of Rydberg Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Autler-Townes spectra in 87Rb vapor cell
Authors: Li Xinheng , Cui Yue , Hao Jianhai , Zhou Fei , Wang Yuxiang , Jia Fengdong , Zhang Jian , Xie Feng , Zhong Zhiping
Published: October 2023

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting of 87Rb vapor under the combined influence of a magnetic field and a microwave field. In the presence of static magnetic field, the effect of the microwave field leads to the dressing and splitting of each m
F
state, resulting in multiple spectral peaks in the EIT-AT spectrum. A simplified analytical formula was developed to explain the EIT-AT spectrum in a static magnetic field, and the theoretical calculations agree qualitatively with experimental results. The Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor performance was enhanced by making use of the splitting interval between the two maximum absolute m
F
states separated by the static magnetic field, which was attributed to the stronger Clebsch-Gordon coefficients between the extreme m
F
states and the frequency detuning of the microwave electric field under the static magnetic field. The traceable measurement limit of weak electric field by EIT-AT splitting method was extended by an order of magnitude, which is promising for precise microwave electric field measurement.
On-chip Er-doped Ta2O5 waveguide amplifiers with a high internal net gain
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Liu Ruixue , Wang Wei , Yan Kunlun , Yang Zhen , Song Maozhuang , Wu Duanduan , Xu Peipeng , Wang Xunsi , Wang Rongping
Published: October 2023

We designed and fabricated a double-layered structure Er3+:Ta2O5 waveguide and investigated its optical amplification performance in C band. The pump laser threshold for zero gain at 1533 nm was 2.5 mW, and the internal net gain was ∼4.63 dB/cm for a lunched pump power of 36.1 mW at 980 nm and signal input power of −30.0 dBm (1 µW). The relationship between the internal gain and the signal input power was also investigated, and a large internal net gain of 10.58 dB/cm was achieved at a signal input power of ∼−47.1 dBm. The results confirm the potentials of the use of Ta2O5 as a host material for optical waveguide amplification.
Generation and characterization of ultrabroadband polarization–frequency hyperentangled photons
Authors: Lu Hsuan-Hao , Alshowkan Muneer , Myilswamy Karthik V. , Weiner Andrew M. , Lukens Joseph M. , Peters Nicholas A.
Published: October 2023

We generate ultrabroadband photon pairs entangled in both polarization and frequency bins through an all-waveguided Sagnac source covering the entire optical C- and L-bands (1530–1625 nm). We perform comprehensive characterization of high-fidelity states in multiple dense wavelength-division multiplexed channels, achieving full tomography of effective four-qubit systems. Additionally, leveraging the inherent high dimensionality of frequency encoding and our electro-optic measurement approach, we demonstrate the scalability of our system to higher dimensions, reconstructing states in a 36-dimensional Hilbert space consisting of two polarization qubits and two frequency-bin qutrits. Our findings hold potential significance for quantum networking, particularly dense coding and entanglement distillation in wavelength-multiplexed quantum networks.
Ge2Sb2Te5-based efficient switching between a cross-polarization conversion and a circular-to-linear polarization conversion
Authors: Bai Yuanyuan , Ouyang Chunmei , Zhang Shoujun , Yao Zhibo , Liu Kuan , Liu Shilei , Ma Jiajun , Li Yanfeng , Cao Tun , Tian Zhen
Published: October 2023

The terahertz (THz) band has a great potential for the development of communication technology, but it has not been fully utilized due to the lack of practical devices, especially actively controllable multifunctional devices. Here, we propose and demonstrate a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST)-based metamaterial device, where an actively controllable function is experimentally verified by inducing the crystallization process with thermal activation. Cross-polarization conversion in the reflection mode and circular-to-linear polarization conversion in the transmission mode are obtained under crystalline and amorphous GST conditions, respectively. The combination of GST and THz waves has a wide range of applications and will further advance the THz field.
Crossed grating sensing refractive index change in the non-laboratory environment
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Chai Yuwei , Liu Hao , He Zhigang , Kang Guoguo
Published: October 2023

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been widely applied to refractive index (RI) sensing for their extremely high sensitivity to the surrounding RI change. Many efforts have been devoted to narrowing the linewidth of the SPP mode and enhancing the sensitivity of SPP sensors. However, most reported SPP-based RI sensing platforms could only operate in a laboratory environment for their bulky volume or sophisticated measuring systems. In this context, we have developed a miniaturized and portable RI sensing platform based on a 2D crossed grating coupled SPP sensor that can work under a non-laboratory environment. The crossed grating is fabricated by the laser interference lithography (LIL) method, which is cost-effective and reproductive. A series of glucose solutions with different concentrations have been used as analytes to verify the sensing performance of the fabricated crossed grating.
Fiber-end suspended polymer micro-rod inscribed with Bragg grating for highly sensitive ultrasonic detection
Authors: Yin Huanhuan , Shao Zhihua , Wang Ruohui , Qiao Xueguang
Published: October 2023

A suspended polymer rod grating is fabricated on a fiber end for highly sensitive ultrasonic detection. Initially, the uniform polymer waveguide is prepared via the interconnection of holey fibers and the photopolymerization of an ultraviolet glue. A femtosecond laser point-by-point technique is then employed to form periodic grating structures inside the customized waveguide. A final uncovered micro-rod is achieved based on different corrosion resistances of the polymer waveguide and the fiber cladding. The polymer rod presents uniform morphology and controllable size with the support of the constructed air-hole microchannel. The self-alignment and the self-adhesion between the polymer waveguide and the fiber core contribute to the stable efficient optical coupling at the fiber-to-polymer joint. When applied to ultrasonic waves, the decreased size and low Young’s modulus of the suspended rod provide benefits for the interaction between the polymer grating and the ultrasound strain. This sensor exhibits a noise equivalent pressure of 33 Pa and −10 dB bandwidth of 7.6 MHz. After packing with a waterproof adhesive, the polymer rod shows sufficient robustness for long-term operation. This Letter proposes a new, to the best of our knowledge, strategy for the fabrication of advanced polymer probes in multifunctional sensing.
Distilling identifiable and interpretable dynamic models from biological data
Authors: Massonis Gemma , Villaverde Alejandro F. , Banga Julio R.
Published: October 2023

Mechanistic dynamical models allow us to study the behavior of complex biological systems. They can provide an objective and quantitative understanding that would be difficult to achieve through other means. However, the systematic development of these models is a non-trivial exercise and an open problem in computational biology. Currently, many research efforts are focused on model discovery, i.e. automating the development of interpretable models from data. One of the main frameworks is sparse regression, where the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) algorithm and its variants have enjoyed great success. SINDy-PI is an extension which allows the discovery of rational nonlinear terms, thus enabling the identification of kinetic functions common in biochemical networks, such as Michaelis-Menten. SINDy-PI also pays special attention to the recovery of parsimonious models (Occam’s razor). Here we focus on biological models composed of sets of deterministic nonlinear ordinary differential equations. We present a methodology that, combined with SINDy-PI, allows the automatic discovery of structurally identifiable and observable models which are also mechanistically interpretable. The lack of structural identifiability and observability makes it impossible to uniquely infer parameter and state variables, which can compromise the usefulness of a model by distorting its mechanistic significance and hampering its ability to produce biological insights. We illustrate the performance of our method with six case studies. We find that, despite enforcing sparsity, SINDy-PI sometimes yields models that are unidentifiable. In these cases we show how our method transforms their equations in order to obtain a structurally identifiable and observable model which is also interpretable.
Integrated information theory (IIT) 4.0: Formulating the properties of phenomenal existence in physical terms
Authors: Albantakis Larissa , Barbosa Leonardo , Findlay Graham , Grasso Matteo , Haun Andrew M. , Marshall William , Mayner William G. P. , Zaeemzadeh Alireza , Boly Melanie , Juel Bjørn E. , Sasai Shuntaro , Fujii Keiko , David Isaac , Hendren Jeremiah , Lang Jonathan P. , Tononi Giulio
Published: October 2023

This paper presents Integrated Information Theory (IIT) 4.0. IIT aims to account for the properties of experience in physical (operational) terms. It identifies the essential properties of experience (axioms), infers the necessary and sufficient properties that its substrate must satisfy (postulates), and expresses them in mathematical terms. In principle, the postulates can be applied to any system of units in a state to determine whether it is conscious, to what degree, and in what way. IIT offers a parsimonious explanation of empirical evidence, makes testable predictions concerning both the presence and the quality of experience, and permits inferences and extrapolations. IIT 4.0 incorporates several developments of the past ten years, including a more accurate formulation of the axioms as postulates and mathematical expressions, the introduction of a unique measure of intrinsic information that is consistent with the postulates, and an explicit assessment of causal relations. By fully unfolding a system’s irreducible cause–effect power, the distinctions and relations specified by a substrate can account for the quality of experience.
Content framing role on public sentiment formation for pre-crisis detection on sensitive issue via sentiment analysis and content analysis
Authors: Watimin Nurul Hidayah , Zanuddin Hasmah , Rahamad Mohamad Saleeh , Yadegaridehkordi Elaheh
Published: October 2023

Social media has been tremendously used worldwide for a variety of purposes. Therefore, engagement activities such as comments have attracted many scholars due its ability to reveal many critical findings, such as the role of users’ sentiment. However, there is a lacuna on how to detect crisis based on users’ sentiment through comments, and for such, we explore framing theory in the study herein to determine users’ sentiment in predicting crisis. Generic content framing theory consists of conflict, economic, human interest, morality, and responsibility attributes frame as independent variables whilst sentiment as dependent variables. Comments from selected Facebook posting case studies were extracted and analysed using sentiment analysis via Application Programme Interface (API) webtool. The comments were then further analysed using content analysis via Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scale and statistically evaluated using SEM-PLS. Model shows that 44.8% of emotion and reactions towards sensitive issue posting are influenced by independent variables. Only economic consequences and responsibility attributes frame had correlation towards emotion and reaction at p<0.05. News reporting on direction towards economic and responsibility attributes sparks negative sentiment, which proves that it can best be described as pre-crisis detection to assist the Royal Malaysian Police and other relevant stakeholders to prevent criminal activities in their respective social media.
Epidemiology of unintentional childhood injuries in urban and rural areas of Nepal- A comparative study
Authors: Pathak Pratiksha , Joshi Sunil Kumar
Published: October 2023

Unintentional injuries are one of the leading causes of ill health, disability & death among the children and young adults worldwide. As these injuries are strongly related to social determinants, the burden falls mainly upon the Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) like Nepal. Thus, the main objective was to explore the epidemiology of unintentional childhood injuries in urban and rural areas of Kavrepalanchok district. A cross sectional analytical study was done in Bethanchok rural municipality and Dhulikhel municipality of Kavrepalanchok district. The respondents were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The details of injuries sustained within the past 12 months were included. A total of 667 children aged 1–16 years were surveyed, among which 26% from rural and 17.2% from urban areas had unintentional injuries in the past 12 months. Falls were the most common mode of injury in both the areas. Similarly, the proportion of burn was more in rural area (16.1%) whereas, Road Traffic Injuries were more in urban area (12.5%). Majority of the injuries occurred at home (54.5%) while the child was playing (64.1%). Factors like child’s gender and place of residence affected the occurrence of unintentional injuries (p<0.05). Out of total injured children, 18 of them had not recovered and 11 were left with some form of permanent disability. As the rate and pattern of unintentional childhood injuries in the rural and urban area differ, the prevention strategies should focus on risk factors that apply to both the areas and awareness should be created among the parents and primary caregivers about the fact that childhood injuries are predictable and preventable.