bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motor training improves impaired cortico-cerebellar connectivity in cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Nettekoven Caroline , Draganova Rossitza , Steiner Katharina M , Goericke Sophia L , Deistung Andreas , Konczak Juergen , Timmann Dagmar
Published: July 2024

People with cerebellar degeneration show characteristic ataxic motor impairments. Despite cerebellar dysfunction, they can still improve motor performance through sensorimotor training. Yet, how such training affects functional brain networks affected by cerebellar degeneration is unknown. We here investigated neuroplastic changes in the cortico-cerebellar network after a five-day forearm movement training in 40 patients with mild to severe cerebellar degeneration and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Participants were assigned to one of four motor training conditions, varying online visual feedback and explicit verbal feedback. Anatomical and resting-state fMRI was collected on the days before and after training. To overcome the limitations of standard brain templates that fail in the presence of severe anatomical abnormalities, we developed a specific template for comparing cerebellar patients with age-matched controls. Our new template reduced the spatial spread of cerebellar anatomical landmarks by 30% relative to existing templates and tripled fMRI noise classification accuracy. Using this pipeline, we found that patients showed impaired connectivity between cerebellar motor regions and neocortical visuomotor and premotor regions at baseline compared to controls, whereas their cortico-cortical connectivity remained intact. Training with vision strengthened connectivity in the cortico-cerebellar visuomotor network contralateral to the trained arm in all participants. Cerebellar patients exhibited additional increased connectivity ipsilateral to the training arm in this network. Further, training with explicit verbal feedback facilitated connectivity between a cerebellar cognitive region and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These results indicate that motor training in cerebellar degeneration leads to enhanced functional connectivity of the cortico-cerebellar network.
Concurrent optogenetic motor mapping of multiple limbs in awake mice reveals cortical organization of coordinated movements
Authors: Khanal Nischal , Padawer-Curry Jonah , Voss Trevor , Schulte Kevin , Bice Annie , Bauer Adam
Published: July 2024

Background

Motor mapping allows for determining the macroscopic organization of motor circuits and corresponding motor movement representations on the cortex. Techniques such as intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) are robust, but can be time consuming and invasive, making them non-ideal for cortex-wide mapping or longitudinal studies. In contrast, optogenetic motor mapping offers a rapid and minimally invasive technique, enabling mapping with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, motor mapping has seen limited use in tracking 3-dimensonal, multi-limb movements in awake animals. This gap has left open questions regarding the underlying organizational principles of motor control of coordinated, ethologically relevant movements involving multiple limbs.

Objective

Our first objective was to develop Multi-limb Optogenetic Motor Mapping (MOMM) to concurrently map motor movement representations of multiple limbs with high fidelity in awake mice. Having established MOMM, our next objective was determine whether maps of coordinated and ethologically relevant motor output were topographically organized on the cortex.

Methods

We combine optogenetic stimulation with a deep learning driven pose-estimation toolbox, DeepLabCut (DLC), and 3-dimentional triangulation to concurrently map motor movements of multiple limbs in awake mice.

Results

MOMM consistently revealed cortical topographies for all mapped features within and across mice. Many motor maps overlapped and were topographically similar. Several motor movement representations extended beyond cytoarchitecturally defined somatomotor cortex. Finer articulations of the forepaw resided within gross motor movement representations of the forelimb. Moreover, many cortical sites exhibited concurrent limb coactivation when photostimulated, prompting the identification of several cortical regions harboring coordinated and ethologically relevant movements.

Conclusions

The cortex appears to be topographically organized by motor programs, which are responsible for coordinated, multi-limbed, and behavioral-like movements.
Inhibitory neurons marked by a connectivity molecule regulate memory precision
Authors: Tuñon-Ortiz Arnulfo , Tränkner Dimitri , Brockway Sarah N. , Raines Olivia , Mahnke Abbey , Grega Matthew , Zelikowsky Moriel , Williams Megan E.
Published: July 2024

The CA3 region is central to hippocampal function during learning and memory and has a unique connectivity. CA3 pyramidal neurons are the targets of huge, excitatory mossy fiber synapses from DG axons and have a high degree of excitatory recurrent connectivity. Thus, inhibition likely plays an outsized importance in constraining excitation and shaping CA3 ensembles during learning and memory. Here, we investigate the function of a never-before studied set of dendrite-targeting, GABAergic neurons defined by expression of the synaptic adhesion molecule, Kirrel3. We discovered that activating Kirrel3-expressing GABAergic neurons specifically impairs memory discrimination and inhibits CA3 pyramidal neurons in novel contexts. Kirrel3 is required for DG-to-GABA synapse formation and variants in Kirrel3 are strong risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, our work suggests that Kirrel3-GABA neurons are a critical source of feed-forward inhibition from DG to CA3 during the encoding and retrieval of contextual memories, a function which may be specifically disrupted in some brain disorders.
Global Perspectives on Returning Genetic Research Results in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tan Ai Huey , Saffie-Awad Paula , Schumacher Schuh Artur F , Lim Shen-Yang , Madoev Harutyun , Ahmad-Annuar Azlina , Solle Justin , Wegel Claire Ellen , Doquenia Maria Leila , Dey Sumit , Periñan Maria Teresa , Makarious Mary B , Fiske Brian , Morris Huw R , Noyce Alastair J , Alcalay Roy N. , Kumar Kishore R. , Klein Christine ,   the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2)
Published: July 2024

In the era of precision medicine, genetic test results have become increasingly relevant in the care of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their families. While large PD research consortia are performing widespread genetic testing to accelerate discoveries, debate continues about whether, and to what extent, the results should be returned to patients. Ethically, it is imperative to keep participants informed, especially when findings are potentially actionable. However, research testing may not hold the same standards required from clinical diagnostic laboratories. The absence of universally recognized protocols complicates the establishment of appropriate guidelines. Aiming to develop recommendations on return of research results (RoR) practice within the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2), we conducted a global survey to gain insight on GP2 members’ perceptions, practice, readiness, and needs surrounding RoR. GP2 members (n=191), representing 147 institutions and 60 countries across six continents, completed the survey. Access to clinical genetic testing services was significantly higher in high-income countries compared to low– and middle-income countries (96.6% vs. 58.4%), where funding was predominantly covered by patients themselves. While 92.7% of the respondents agreed that genetic research results should be returned, levels of agreement were higher for clinically relevant results relating to pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in genes known to cause PD or other neurodegenerative diseases. Less than 10% offered separate clinically-accredited genetic testing before returning genetic research results. 48.7% reported having a specific statement on RoR policy in their ethics consent form, while 53.9% collected data on participants’ preferences on RoR prospectively. 24.1% had formal genetic counselling training. Notably, the comfort level in returning incidental genetic findings or returning results to unaffected individuals remains low. Given the differences in resources and training for RoR, as well as ethical and regulatory considerations, tailored approaches are required to ensure equitable access to RoR. Several identified strategies to enhance RoR practices include improving informed consent processes, increasing capacity for genetic counselling including providing counselling toolkits for common genetic variants, broadening access to sustainable clinically-accredited testing, building logistical infrastructure for RoR processes, and continuing public and healthcare education efforts on the important role of genetics in PD.
Identification of Causal Risk Factors for Pan-Cancers: a Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Du Bowen , Fan Li , Tang Chaopeng , Xu Song , Ge Jingping , Shang Xuejun
Published: July 2024

Background

Evidence from observational studies and clinical trials suggests an association between plasma protein and metabolite levels and cancers. However, the causal relationship between them is still unclear.

Methods

We collected genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of plasma protein levels from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP, 9,216 to 34,090 participants) and plasma metabolites from the GWAS Catalog (3,441 to 8,299 participants), paired with summary statistics of 99 types of cancers from FinnGen database (131,348 to 412,181 participants). We conducted univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causal association between plasma protein and metabolites and cancers.

Results

We identified 175 plasma proteins and 28 metabolites causally associated with cancers (p < 1 × 10−5). Notably, BTN2A1 is causally associated with an increased risk of bone and articular cartilage cancer (OR = 1.776, 95% CI = 1.429 - 2.207), colorectal cancer (OR = 1.200, 95% CI = 1.129 - 1.275), eye and adnexa cancer (OR = 2.686, 95% CI = 1.943 - 3.714), lip cancer (OR = 3.004, 95% CI = 2.193 - 4.114), oral cancer (OR = 1.905, 95% CI = 1.577 - 2.302), ovary cancer (OR = 1.265, 95% CI = 1.143 - 1.400), and rectum cancer (OR = 1.393, 95% CI = 1.263 - 1.536). N6- carbamoylthreonyladenosine level is causally associated with various cancers including colorectal cancer (OR = 1.800, 95% CI = 1.444 – 2.243), head and neck cancer (OR = 2.423, 95% CI = 1.665 – 3.525), hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 6.476, 95% CI = 2.841 – 14.762), oral cancer and skin cancer (OR = 1.271, 95% CI = 1.161 – 1.392). Additionally, all results are available at the online database (www.causal-risk.net).

Conclusions

Our MR analysis reveals causal risk factors for cancers.
Exploring the neuromagnetic signatures of cognitive decline from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease dementia
Authors: Gaubert Sinead , Garces Pilar , Hipp Jörg , Bruña Ricardo , Lopéz Maria Eugenia , Maestu Fernando , Vaghari Delshad , Henson Richard , Paquet Claire , Engemann Denis
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Non-invasive, affordable, and largely available biomarkers that are able to identify patients at a prodromal stage of AD are becoming essential, especially in the context of new disease-modifying therapies. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical stage preceding dementia, but not all MCI patients will progress to AD. This study explores the potential of non-invasive magnetoencephalography (MEG) to predict future cognitive decline from MCI to AD dementia.

Methods

We analyzed resting state MEG data from the BioFIND dataset including 117 MCI patients, of whom 64 progressed to AD dementia (AD progression) while 53 remained stable (stable MCI) using multivariate spectral analyses. The patients were followed-up between 2009 and 2018. Receiver operating characteristic curves obtained via logistic regression models were used to quantify separation of patients progressing to AD dementia from stable MCI.

Results

MEG beta power, particularly over parieto-occipital magnetometers, was significantly reduced in the AD progression group compared to stable MCI, indicative of future cognitive decline. Logistic regression models showed that MEG beta power outperformed conventional metrics like the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score and structural brain measures in predicting progression to AD dementia (AUC 0.81 vs 0.71 and AUC 0.81 vs 0.75, respectively). The combination of age, education, MMSE, MEG beta power and Hippocampal volume/Total grey matter ratio achieved a 0.83 AUC, 78% sensitivity and 76% specificity. Spectral covariance matrices analyzed with Riemannian methods exhibited significant differences between groups across a wider range of frequencies than spectral power.

Discussion

These findings highlight the potential of spectral power and covariance as robust non-invasive electrophysiological biomarkers to predict MCI progression that complement other diagnostic measures, including cognitive scores, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biological biomarkers.
Erectile Dysfunction as a Novel Biomarker for The Onset of Cardiometabolic Vascular Disease Risk in the Aging Male: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Borges Julian Yin Vieira
Published: July 2024

Background and Objective

Vascular Erectile dysfunction (ED) is considered a sentinel marker for underlying cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to quantify the predictive value of ED for cardiometabolic vascular diseases (CVD) in young adults as well as aging males and to explore the temporal relationship between ED onset and the development of these diseases.

Methods

A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were studies assessing the association between ED and CVD, with effect sizes reported as odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs). Data were extracted and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses, including leave-one-out analysis, and Egger’s test for publication bias, were performed.

Key Findings and Limitations

The pooled analysis of 39 studies revealed a significant association between ED and CVD with an OR of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.28-1.57).

The temporal relationship indicates that ED precedes the onset of CVD by approximately 2 to 5 years.

Endothelial dysfunction, a common pathway in ED and CVD, was highlighted through biomarkers such as flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitric oxide (NO) levels, and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Limitations include heterogeneity among study designs and the potential for residual confounding.

Conclusions and Clinical Implications

ED is a robust predictive biomarker for CVD in aging males, with significant implications for early detection and preventive strategies. Clinicians should consider cardiovascular risk assessment in patients presenting with ED to facilitate timely intervention and improve long-term outcomes.
The rhythmic transcriptional landscape inCaenorhabditis elegans: daily, circadian and novel 16-hour cycling gene expression revealed by RNA-sequencing
Authors: Munns Jack , Newling Katherine , James Sally R. , Gilbert Lesley , Davis Seth J. , Chawla Sangeeta
Published: July 2024

The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansis an unconventional model in chronobiology, reported to exhibit physiological and behavioural circadian rhythms while lacking a defined transcriptional oscillator. The extent and importance of circadian rhythms inC. elegansremain uncertain, given a probable lack of functional conservation of key circadian proteins, relatively non-robust reported rhythms and an ambiguous diel ecology. Here, we investigated the temporal coordination of gene expression inC. eleganspost-development using RNA sequencing. Over a circadian time series, in which we synchronised nematodes to combined light and temperature cycles, we found clear evidence of daily oscillations in 343 genes using JTK_Cycle. However, rhythms were not well-sustained in constant conditions, with only 13 genes remaining significantly rhythmic. Reanalysis of previous transcriptomic data echoed this finding in identifying far fewer rhythmic genes in constant conditions, while also identifying a greater number of rhythmic genes overall. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a hierarchical clustering approach, further confirmed prevalent environmentally driven daily oscillations in the RNA-seq data. This analysis additionally revealed a novel co-expression trend in which over 1000 genes exhibited hitherto unreported 16-hour oscillations, highlighting a new facet of temporal gene expression coordination inC. elegans.
Inefficient urban-rural resource allocation and reduced tuition benefits for preschool education: an example from a Chinese county
Authors: Yang Weiyue , Jiang Quanbao
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Taking urban-rural disparity into account, this research examines the current service provision of preschool education at the local level in China.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a qualitative design, the research is based on a case study on the preschool service provision in Luochuan County in China, with data collected from semi-structured interviews with grassroots officials and residents from the county’s rural and urban regions.

Findings

This research finds that preschool services are inefficiently delivered between the county’s rural and urban areas. While services are oversupplied in rural regions, the popular demand for urban kindergartens is inadequately addressed. Moreover, the tuition subsidy offered by the local government has drastically decreased in recent years.

Research limitations/implications

This research is confined to a single-case study, so its findings are not necessarily applicable to all Chinese localities. Nevertheless, it proves that these problems in preschool service provision can be a result of the central authority’s tight control.

Social implications

Given China’s rapid urbanization and fertility decline, this research argues that overinvestment in rural kindergartens can be a widespread phenomenon throughout China. It also suggests a decreasing popular demand for other public services, such as childcare, in Chinese rural regions. This research calls for special attention to the persistent regional discrepancy in preschool service standards and the welfare cuts after the revenue centralization reform.

Originality/value

This research contributes to a clearer picture of the current preschool service delivery by Chinese local governments, which remains largely underexplored by far. It also provides updates on the country’s long-existing urban-rural discrepancy in preschool services.
Does the combined assurance model affect tax avoidance? The case of South African companies
Authors: Boujelben Saoussen , Medhioub Nermine
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of combined assurance on tax avoidance in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is founded on a sample of 76 South African firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange over the 2014–2022 period. The authors used the feasible generalized least squares regression estimation technique to test the hypothesis. To address endogeneity issues, this study conducted a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis based on propensity score matching.

Findings

The results reveal that combined assurance negatively impacts tax avoidance. Implementing combined assurance, as an integrated risk management approach, significantly minimizes tax risk. The DID analysis provides well-founded evidence attributing the decline in tax avoidance levels to the availability of combined assurance. The inferences are robust to using alternative measures of tax avoidance, testing combined assurance impact across various tax avoidance levels and controlling for the COVID-19 effect.

Practical implications

This study presents valuable insights for firms, managers and policymakers. The findings encourage companies to bolster their risk management practices, opting for combined assurance over a sole risk monitoring mechanism. This approach enables the company to ensure better compliance with tax regulations, thereby enhancing overall efficiency. Besides, the disciplining effect of combined assurance motivates managers to make informed decisions, avoid tax avoidance strategies and safeguard corporate reputation. Moreover, this research calls upon policymakers to promote effective global regulatory frameworks for combined assurance practices.

Originality/value

The research brings original insights by exploring the influence of combined assurance on tax avoidance. This addresses a gap in the current literature that has predominantly focused on the relationship between tax avoidance and individual lines of defense.
Beyond diversity: an analysis of gender inclusion within Indian manufacturing organizations
Authors: Shivhare Amita , L Gurunathan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Organizations are increasingly emphasizing inclusive practices to leverage the valuable potential of their human resource. This study seeks to investigate the influence of organizational norms on the experiences of inclusion among women in manufacturing organizations. This study aims to comprehend how gendered perceptions of the ideal worker shape women’s sense of inclusion within the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopted a qualitative approach to understand women’s experience of inclusion in the manufacturing workplace. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to conduct semistructured interviews with 52 professionals working in the four manufacturing organizations. These employees were working in different roles as functional managers, human resource managers, diversity officers and female employees. Interviews were analyzed following a three-step coding process. ATLAS.ti software was used to analyze the data. The study draws upon Acker’s theory of “gendered organizations” and West and Zimmerman’s concept of “doing gender” to understand workplace narratives, adapting these theories to the specific context of India.

Findings

This study highlights frequent experiences of exclusion experienced by women in the workplace. This is because of a prevalent culture that prioritizes the ideal worker image within workplace narratives, serving as a significant catalyst for these experiences of exclusion. Additionally, the study underscores how apparently supportive measures, initially appearing beneficial, can inadvertently heighten women’s vulnerability to workplace exclusion.

Originality/value

This study shows how broader national and industrial cultures, which are often male-dominated, can, further reinforce barriers to creating a gender-inclusive workplace. Overall, the study underscores the importance of addressing ideal worker narratives as pivotal steps toward fostering a workplace that is genuinely inclusive for women.
The juggling act: Gen Z’s approach to moonlighting and full-time work
Authors: Bhore Milind Baliram , Tapas Poornima , Gotise Piyush , Chinmulgund Avanti
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand why Gen Z indulges in moonlighting in IT organisations and to help policymakers redefine mutually beneficial policies for improving talent management, which will benefit Gen Z as well as organisations and society at large.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative technique was adopted by conducting in-depth interviews with Gen Z, who works in the IT sector of metropolitan cities in India. The interviews were transcribed and thematically coded using thematic analysis in NVivo. A model based on themes from the analysis has been proposed.

Findings

The themes derived from this study revolve around issues such as ethics, legal, self-satisfaction, money and social causes. These themes will contribute to the body of knowledge by adding new dimensions to moonlighting.

Research limitations/implications

This research has been carried out consider Gen Z moonlighting in the IT sector within India. The study can be further enhanced to other regions and sectors. It will give clarity and help avoid potential conflict situations at the workplace.

Practical implications

This research will clarify and help avoid conflict situations by redefining policies and improving talent management and retention. The results can be further tested in other organisations.

Social implications

This research draws attention of the policymakers to help create a common framework and guidelines for all stakeholders to follow with respect to moonlighting. It will open work opportunities on other platforms for interested and talented workforce and help them gain financial strength and independence.

Originality/value

Systematic thematic analysis using CAQDAS – NVivo has been carried out to elucidate Gen Z’s numerous motives for moonlighting in the IT sector. A model has been proposed based on the themes that evolved from the study, which policymakers can leverage to improve talent management in IT organisations.
Interpersonal population diversity in the bank boardroom and corporate misconduct
Authors: Vasilakis Chrysovalantis , Thornton John
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This research empirically establishes that the interpersonal population diversity of executive board members partly explains the differences in financial misconduct across US banks. It advances the hypothesis that heterogeneity in the composition of an interpersonal population and diverse traits of board members, originating from the prehistoric course of the exodus of Homo sapiens from East Africa tens of thousands of years ago, is an important factor explaining the effectiveness of executive board monitoring with respect to a bank engaging in financial misconduct. The underlying intuition is that population-fragmented societies, characterized by mistrust, preference heterogeneity and corruption, find it difficult to sustain collective integrity action.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a panel of US banks from 1998 to 2019 we find that adding directors from countries with different levels of interpersonal population diversity is positively associated with financial misconduct as measured by enforcement and class action litigation against banks by the main regulatory agencies. Furthermore, we document that the more population-diverse bank boards are more likely to commit misconduct, consistent with a mechanism of inter-generational transmission of cultural norms of mistrust and non-cooperation.

Findings

We find that adding directors from countries with different levels of interpersonal population diversity is positively associated with financial misconduct as measured by enforcement and class action litigation against banks by the main regulatory agencies. These results are robust to controlling for bank-specific variables, including other board characteristics, and to the use of instrumental variables.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that reducing financial misconduct by banks likely requires reducing the interpersonal population diversity of banks’ executive boards.

Originality/value

We show how bank boards with different interpersonal population diversity impact the likelihood of engaging in misconduct provides evidence of the microeconomic effects of interpersonal population diversity. We show the negative results of diversity that they can have on the management of a firm given that populated diverse boards are more likely to lead to higher levels of misconduct. Our evidence reveals that banks having interpersonal population fragmented boards are more likely to commit misconduct given the cultural norms of mistrust and the lack of societal cohesiveness.
An integrated ISM fuzzy MICMAC approach for unfolding the digital servitization implementation
Authors: Favoretto Camila , Mendes Glauco Henrique de Sousa , Mota Renata de Oliveira , Filho Moacir Godinho , Osiro Lauro , Ganga Gilberto Miller Devós M.D.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the interrelationships among critical factors for digital servitization (DS) implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-method research was used. Critical factors for a successful DS implementation were identified using a systematic literature review and expert interviews. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method was used to develop a hierarchical model of the identified factors, followed by the fuzzy Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliqués à un Classement (MICMAC) analysis to assess their dependence and driving powers.

Findings

A total of 23 factors for DS implementation were identified, and the ISM model was developed. Based on MICMAC analysis, the factors were also grouped under four categories (dependent, driving, autonomous and linkage). A conceptual framework is proposed, highlighting that DS implementation relies on three main layers of critical factors: crafting alignment, scaling the change and achieving results.

Originality/value

The ISM and fuzzy MICMAC methods used in this study provided valuable insights into the interrelationship among the identified DS factors through a conceptual framework. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is one of the first to identify critical factors influencing DS implementation and develop hierarchical relationships among them.
Why does the nexus between finance and income inequality break in times of financialisation? Empirical evidence for the European Union countries
Authors: Barradas Ricardo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the current debate between the mainstream and the non-mainstream literature on the effect of the growth of finance on the level of income inequality, for which the empirical evidence has also been providing mixed results.

Design/methodology/approach

We estimate a linear model and a non-linear model by employing a panel autoregressive distributed lag approach and relying on the dynamic fixed-effects estimator because of the existence of variables that are stationary in levels and stationary in the first differences.

Findings

Our findings confirm that finance, economic growth, educational attainment and degree of trade openness have a positive long-term effect on the level of income inequality in the European Union countries, whilst government spending has a negative impact in the short term.

Research limitations/implications

Our findings imply that policy makers should rethink the functioning of the financial system in order to restore a supportive relationship between finance and income inequality and adopt public policies that are more in favour of the poor in order to constrain the growth of income inequality in the European Union countries.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that, simultaneously, focuses on the European Union countries, assesses the nexus between finance and income inequality, uses three different variables as proxies for the level of income inequality (the Gini coefficient, the top 1% income share and the top 10% income share), measures the variables that are proxies for the level of income inequality in terms of pre-tax and pre-transfer values and as post-tax and post-transfer values, takes into account four different variables as proxies for the role of finance (credit, credit-to-deposit ratio, liquid liabilities and stock market capitalisation) and identifies the long-term and short-term determinants of income inequality.
The impact of geopolitical risk and COVID-19 pandemic stringency on Sukuk issuance in Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria Nor Balkish , Musa Kazi , Kabir Mohammad Rokibul , Sobhani Farid A. , Abdillah Muhammad Rasyid
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impacts of global geopolitical risks (GPRs) and COVID-19 pandemic stringency on the size of Sukuk issuance in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the issue, this paper collected yearly data for the Sukuk issuance from the DataStream, and the rest of the variables, including the control variables from the World Bank, were from 2018 to 2022. Several econometric approaches have been used, that is, ordinary least square (OLS), two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moment (GMM) with fixed effects and random effects in examining the impacts.

Findings

The results demonstrate that global GPRs negatively impact the size of Sukuk issuance due to the investment risk during the high global geopolitical conflicts, war and rampant terrorism. Besides, the COVID-19 pandemic-related stringency also similarly affects the country's Sukuk issuance market because of the long-time lockdown measures, border closures, travel restrictions and low access to the market. The control variables also demonstrate similar results except for the gross domestic products, which shows positive and significant impacts on the Sukuk market of Malaysia.

Originality/value

The study's policy implications for Sukuk investors and issuers stress the importance of disclosing risk mitigation procedures, strengthening the regulatory framework and raising investor knowledge to attract and protect investors in the Sukuk sector.
How do dual sustainable-labeling strategies enhance products’ perceived value?
Authors: Casteran Gauthier , Ruspil Thomas
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to understand how dual sustainable-labeling strategies influence perceived value dimensions (i.e. quality, emotional, social and price) across vice vs virtue products and level of consumers’ consideration of future consequences.

Design/methodology/approach

Two online experiments are conducted with private label brands: one with organic and Fairtrade labels and one with organic and local labels. For each experiment, a conditional process analysis was used with the labeling strategy (i.e. no label vs organic label vs Fairtrade/local label vs organic label + Fairtrade/local label) as the independent variable, the product types (i.e. vice vs virtue) and level of consideration of future consequences as moderators, the dimensions of perceived value (quality, emotional, social and price) as the dependent variables.

Findings

Dual sustainable-labeling strategies lead to higher positive perceived value levels on all dimensions compared to no-labeling strategy. They however do not necessarily lead to higher levels compared to mono-labeling strategies such as organic labeling strategy (except for social dimension). Additionally, the positive effect of dual sustainable-labeling is lower for virtue products compared to vice products and is stronger for consumers with high level of consideration of future consequences for vice products for the social-value dimension.

Originality/value

Prior research has focused on the effect of multi-labeling strategies on willingness to pay with mixed results. This study brings insights to literature by testing the impact of dual sustainable-labeling strategies on the dimensions of perceived value as well as the moderating effects of the product types and consideration of future consequences.
Unlocking the secrets of daily app switching: a comprehensive guide to mastering both intra-app and inter-app search strategies
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Hongli
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to provide insights into the daily search strategies of users, which can inform the enhancement of search experiences across multiple applications. By understanding how users navigate and interact with different apps during their search processes, the study seeks to contribute to the design of more intuitive and user-friendly app systems.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a mixed-methods approach to analyze users' daily search strategies in a natural cross-app interactive environment. Data collection was conducted using the Critical Incident Technique and the Micro-Moment Time Line, involving 204 participants to capture their real-time search experiences. Open coding techniques were utilized to categorize sequential search tactics, while the PrefixSpan algorithm was applied to identify patterns in frequently applied search strategies.

Findings

The study findings unveil a comprehensive framework that includes a variety of intra-app search tactics and inter-app switching tactics. Five predominant search strategies were identified: Iterative querying, Selective results adoption, Share-related, Recommended browsing, and Organizational results strategies. These strategies reflect the nuanced ways in which users engage with apps to fulfill their information needs.

Originality/value

This research represents a pioneering effort in systematically identifying and categorizing daily search strategies within a natural cross-app interaction context. It offers original contributions to the field by combining intra-app and inter-app tactics, providing a holistic view of user behavior. The implications of these findings are significant for app developers and designers, as they can leverage this knowledge to improve app functionality and user manuals, ultimately enhancing the overall search experience for users.
What does it mean to be responsible for Canadian Cannabis firms? An examination of CSR identity through social media disclosure
Authors: Ben Youssef Nourhene , Arroyo Pardo Paulina
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The study aims to examine the extent of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of Canadian cannabis firms and how they view responsibility. It also explores how cannabis firms build their CSR-based organizational identity through Twitter.

Design/methodology/approach

Deductive and inductive content analyses were carried through on tweets for a sample of 18 firms listed on the Canadian marijuana index during the legalization period of the recreational use of cannabis.

Findings

The results of this study show that cannabis firms approach responsibility by focusing on consumer and community/local development and by raising awareness and providing product information. The findings also highlight that the firms build their organizational identity mainly around their products’ medical benefits, the scientific efforts behind product development and the continual stigmatization they experience. At the industry level, cannabis firms attempt to build a harmonized identity to neutralize stigma.

Originality/value

This study allowed for a comprehensive understanding on how cannabis firms position themselves within an emergent sin industry and how they create their CSR identity through Twitter. It advances our understanding on the meaning of responsibility about the specific and distinctive features of the cannabis industry. From the methodology side, this study developed two content analysis tools: a coding instrument and a dictionary. These tools could be useful for conducting future studies related to the CSR disclosure of cannabis firms worldwide.
Exploring the impact of carbon emission disclosure on firm financial performance: moderating role of firm size
Authors: Bedi Ankita , Singh Balwinder
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Based on stakeholder and legitimacy theory, this paper aims to investigate the impact of carbon emission disclosure on firm financial performance. Further, the study attempts to explore the potential moderating effect of firm size on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on BSE 100 Indian firms for the period of 2018–2019 to 2020–2021. The association between carbon emission disclosure and firm financial performance, along with the moderating role of firm size, has been explored through regression models.

Findings

The present study confirmed the significant and negative association between carbon emission disclosure and firm financial performance. Furthermore, results reveal that firm size positively moderates the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and firm financial performance.

Social implications

Carbon emission disclosure helps corporate organizations advance the issues of climate change disclosure both nationally and globally.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first of its kind to explore the potential moderating effect of firm size on the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and firm financial performance. The current study provides significant novel insights into sustainability, climate change and finance literature.
Additive manufacturing of copper parts using extrusion and sinter-based technology: evaluation of the influence of printing parameters and debinding method
Authors: Pellegrini Alessandro , Lavecchia Fulvio , Guerra Maria Grazia
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This work is focused on the realization of copper parts using the material extrusion additive manufacturing debinding and sintering (MEX+D&S) technology.

Design/methodology/approach

A highly filled filament with 90 Wt.% of copper is used to realize nine different combinations varying the printing speed and the flow rate. The following thermal debinding and sintering are performed at 483 °C and 1057 °C, respectively, burying the samples in specific refractory powder and carbon. The green and sintered density are measured and an inspection at optical microscope is implemented for a detailed internal analysis of the defects.

Findings

The samples, that reported the highest values of the green density, become the worst in the sintered condition due to evident swelling defect generated by the entrapped polymer during the thermal debinding. On the other hand, the parts with the lower values of green density allowed to achieve a satisfying density value without significant external defects.

Originality/value

The realization of copper parts through laser-based additive manufacturing technologies shows several troubles related to the rapid heat transfer and the high reflectivity of copper, which is a hinder of the absorption of the laser power. The MEX+D&S becomes an easier and economical alternative for the realization of copper parts. The internal inspection of the samples revealed the need for the improvement on the process chain, adopting a different debinding process to open channels during the thermal debinding to avoid the entrapment of the polymer.
CSR for internal social enhancement: exploring employees’ perceptions of publicly endorsed art and culture projects
Authors: Magri Carlotta , Bertacchini Federico , Marchini Pier Luigi , Mozzoni Isabella
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to bridge a gap in literature by exploring the impact of art and culture projects on primary internal stakeholders (i.e. employees), focusing on the micro-foundations of corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis uses a qualitative approach, using a single-case study and semi-structured interviews. The single-case study focuses on art and culture projects developed by companies participating in the public contest promoted by Parma City of Culture 2020. The analysis relies on the information gathered from interviews with the employees who were involved in the projects of seven of the winning companies.

Findings

The results suggest that employees positively assess their participation in CSR activities based on art and culture projects. Specifically, through their direct involvement in the competition employees manage to experience meaningfulness and they attribute intrinsic motives to these types of activities.

Originality/value

This study analyses the effectiveness of a publicly endorsed CSR initiative oriented towards internal social enhancement based on art and culture projects, leveraging the unique case of Parma City of Culture 2020. The findings might be beneficial to both companies and regulators aiming to achieve internal social enhancement. This study contributes to existing literature on the social dimension of CSR by emphasising the key role of art and culture projects in the organisational context and by opening new avenues for future research.
Corporate social responsibility and job pursuit intention: the role of job seekers’ perception on employer prosocial orientation, value congruence and employer attractiveness
Authors: Song Bee Lian , Liew Chee Yoong , Tee Poh Kiong , Wong Ling Chai
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and job pursuit intention (JPI), and the role of job seekers’ perception on employer prosocial orientation, value congruence and employer attractiveness in this relationship. CSR is measured based on internal and external CSR.

Design/methodology/approach

By adopting quantitative approach, data was obtained through survey questionnaire from 420 bachelor’s degree university fresh graduates from five universities in Malaysia who are actively seeking for jobs. Data was analysed using structural equation modelling technique.

Findings

Research findings show that internal and external CSR positively impact job seekers’ perception of employer prosocial orientation. Job seekers’ perception towards employer prosocial orientation has a significant positive impact on value congruence. Value congruence has a significant positive influence on employer attractiveness. Finally, employer attractiveness has a significant positive impact on JPI.

Practical implications

The findings are useful for human resources management. Organisations (employers) should focus on effective internal and external CSR practices through a prosocial orientation approach to attract the best talents and create a strong position in the job market.

Originality/value

This study extends the Signalling Theory and P-O Fit theory by applying them to an entirely different context of CSR and JPI, by incorporated the holistic job seekers’ psychological processes of the recruitment signals (internal and external CSR), signalling process and person-organisation fit (perception on employer prosocial orientation, value congruence and employer attractiveness) thoroughly.
The future of events in the tourism industry: the case of the “Best of the Best Things to Do 2023” on TripAdvisor
Authors: Ertaş Çağdaş , Karakan Halil Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to use TripAdvisor data to identify which themes and events will attract more interest in the future of tourism activities and to provide guidance to the industry accordingly.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used qualitative case study approach. To identify key themes in the top-rated activities, thematic analysis of user-generated content was conducted through MAXQDA 2020 Analytics Pro software.

Findings

The findings of this study indicate a growing trend in tourist preferences, with a notable increase in the popularity of wellness activities such as spa treatments and yoga retreats. Tourists also highly prefer cultural experiences like local festivals and historical tours, adventure activities such as hiking and water sports, and food-related activities like cooking classes and wine tastings. There is a significant trend towards sustainable and environmentally friendly tourism activities. These results underscore the need to cater to diverse tourist interests in developing future tourism offerings.

Practical implications

Developing innovative events, using data-driven marketing strategies, involving local communities, and catering to diverse preferences can enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of the tourism sector.

Social implications

Understanding tourists' tendencies towards cultural, adventurous and sustainable experiences helps tourism operators and managers to create offers that satisfy tourists while promoting environmentally friendly practices. This shift promotes cultural preservation, environmental protection and community involvement.

Originality/value

This study uniquely analyzes top-rated TripAdvisor activities to identify key trends in tourist preferences, highlighting the growing demand for cultural, adventurous, gastronomic, and sustainable tourism.