bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a Sulfo‐Group‐Containing Rod‐Like Polysilsesquioxane with a Hexagonally Stacked Structure and Its Proton Conductivity
Authors: Kaneko Yoshiro , Toyodome Hisaya , Mizumo Tomonobu , Shikinaka Kazuhiro , Iyi Nobuo
Published: June 2014

A sulfo‐group‐containing rod‐like polysilsesquioxane with a hexagonally stacked structure (PSQ‐SO3H) was successfully prepared by oxidation and hydrolytic polycondensation of 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) in a mixed aqueous solution of NaOH and H2O2. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of the PSQ‐SO3H film exhibited three diffraction peaks with a d‐value ratio of 1:1/√3:1/2, indicating the formation of a hexagonally stacked structure. In addition, the transmission electron microscopy image of PSQ‐SO3H exhibited a striped pattern, indicating that the rod‐like PSQs were stacked in a parallel fashion. The presence of ionic side‐chains composed of the sulfonate anions and sodium cations during the hydrolytic polycondensation of MPTMS was found to be essential for the formation of this regularly structured PSQ. Finally, the proton conductivity of the PSQ‐SO3H film, determined by using complex impedance spectroscopy, was relatively high (>10−2 S cm−1) at 80 °C and 30–90 % relative humidity.
Synthesis and Surface‐Spectroscopic Characterization of Photoisomerizable glyco‐SAMs on Au(111)
Authors: Chandrasekaran Vijayanand , Jacob Hanne , Petersen Finn , Kathirvel Ketheeswari , Tuczek Felix , Lindhorst Thisbe K.
Published: June 2014

Photoisomerizable glyco‐SAMs (self‐assembled monolayers), utilizing synthetic azobenzene glycoside derivatives were fabricated. The ultimate goal of this project is to assay the influence of the 3D arrangement of sugar ligands on cell adhesion, and eventually make cell adhesion photoswitchable. However, it is a prerequisite for any biological study on the spatial conditions of carbohydrate recognition, that photoisomerization of the surface molecules can be verified. Here, we employed IRRAS and XPS to spectroscopically characterize glyco‐SAMs. In particular and unprecedented to date, we prove reversible E→Z→E isomerization of azobenzene glycoside‐terminated SAMs.
Salicylato Titanocene Complexes as Cooperative Organometallic Lewis Acid and Brønsted Acid Catalysts for Three‐Component Mannich Reactions
Authors: Wu Ya , Chen Chun , Jia Gai , Zhu Xuyang , Sun Huaming , Zhang Guofang , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei
Published: June 2014

A binary acid system has been developed that features an air‐stable organometallic precursor, titanocene dichloride, and simple organic cooperative Brønsted acids, which allowed for mild and highly efficient Mannich reactions of both aryl and alkyl ketones with excellent yields and satisfactory diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies, including 1H NMR titration, X‐ray structure analyses as well as isolation of catalytically active species, elucidated the dramatic synergistic effects of this new binary acid system.
Silica‐Encapsulated Gd3+‐Aggregated Gold Nanoclusters for In Vitro and In Vivo Multimodal Cancer Imaging
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Li Chunxia , Liao Suchan , Li Lu , Wang Tingting , Su Zhongmin , Wang Chungang , Zhao Jihong , Sui Changping , Lin Jun
Published: June 2014

Gd3+‐aggregated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) encapsulated by silica shell (Gd3+‐A‐AuNCs@SiO2 NPs) were strategically designed and prepared. The as‐prepared nanoparticles exhibit aggregation‐enhanced fluorescence (AEF), with an intensity that is up to 3.8 times that of discrete AuNCs. The clusters served as novel nanoprobes for in vitro and in vivo multimodal (fluorescence, magnetic resonance, and computed X‐ray tomography) cancer imaging
Metal‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzofurans
Authors: Ghosh Raju , Stridfeldt Elin , Olofsson Berit
Published: June 2014

Ethyl acetohydroxamate was efficiently arylated with diaryliodonium salts at room temperature under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The obtained O‐arylated products were reacted in situ with ketones under acidic conditions to yield substituted benzo[b]furans through oxime formation, [3,3]‐rearrangement, and cyclization in a fast and operationally simple one‐pot fashion without using excess reagents. Alternatively, the O‐arylated products could be isolated or transformed in situ to aryloxyamines or O‐arylaldoximes. The methodology was applied to the synthesis of Stemofuran A and the formal syntheses of Coumestan, Eupomatenoid 6, and (+)‐machaeriol B.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni3Cl2.1(OH)3.9·4H2O, the Ni Analogue to Mg3Cl2(OH)4·4H2O.
Authors: Bette Sebastian , Dinnebier Robert E. , Freyer Daniela
Published: June 2014

Ni3Cl2.1(OH)3.9·4H2O is obtained from aqueous solutions of NiCl2 and NaOH at 40 °C for three months, and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Pd5InSe.
Authors: Goetze Andre , Urban Philipp , Oeckler Oliver , Kohlmann Holger
Published: June 2014

Single‐phase Pd5InSe is prepared by chemical vapor transport of stoichiometric amounts of the elements and I2 as transport agent (evacuated silica tube, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: BaRu3Sn6 — A Tin‐Rich Stannide with Ba@Sn8 and Ru@Sn7 Building Units.
Authors: Schwickert Christian , Poettgen Rainer
Published: June 2014

BaRh3Sn6 is prepared by melting of the elements (sealed Ta tube, 1300 K, 4 h, slow cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Amorphized ZnSb‐Based Composite Anodes for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Park Min‐Gu , Lee Churl Kyoung , Park Cheol‐Min
Published: June 2014

Amorphous ZnSb/MgO/C (I) and ZnSb/Al2O3/C (II) nanocomposite anodes are prepared via high‐energy ball milling of ZnO and Sb2O3, Mg or Al, and C in molar ratios of 2:1:5 and 6:3:10 under Ar, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxonium Ions Substituting Cesium Ions in the Structure of the New High‐Pressure Borate HP‐Cs1‐x(H3O)xB3O5 (x = 0.5—0.7).
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Neumair Stephanie C. , Heymann Gunter , Wurst Klaus , Schmedt auf der Guenne Joern , Huppertz Hubert
Published: June 2014

The new title compound is synthesized in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus from a finely ground mixture of a precursor of nominal composition “Cs4B6O11” and H3BO3 (6 GPa, 900 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Binary Lithium Indides Li22‐xIn8+x (x = 0.1), Li11‐xIn4+x (x = 1.05), and Li10‐xIn2+x (x = 1.59) with Clusters.
Authors: Chumak Ihor , Pavlyuk Volodymyr , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: June 2014

The new title compounds are prepared from the elements (Ta crucibles, 1100 °C, 15 min followed by annealing at 150 °C for one month) and characterized by single crystal XRD, density measurements, and TB‐LMTO‐ASA electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystal Growth and Size Control of Three Novel Polar Intermetallics: Eu2.94(2)Ca6.06In8Ge8, Eu3.13(2)Ca5.87In8Ge8, and Sr3.23(3)Ca5.77In8Ge8 with Crystal Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Magnetism Studies.
Authors: Woo Hyein , Nam Gnu , Jang Eunyoung , Kim Jin , Lee Yunho , Ahn Kyunghan , You Tae‐Soo
Published: June 2014

The new polar title compounds are prepared from the elements using molten In as a reactive flux (alumina or zirconia crucible, 960 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The First 2‐D Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Containing Two Types of Hexa‐CuII Sandwiched Polyoxotungstate Units and Mixed Amines.
Authors: Li Rui‐Qin , Li Yan‐Ying , Yang Bai‐Feng , He Huan , Zhao Jun‐Wei , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: June 2014

The new two‐dimensional hexa‐CuII sandwiched polyoxotungstate (III) with mixed organoamine ligands crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Cu2SnSe3 and Cu2SnSe4 Nanocrystals.
Authors: Ge Zhen‐Hua , Salvador James R. , Nolas George S.
Published: June 2014

Selective preparation of Cu2SnSe3 (I) and Cu2SnSe4 (II) nanocrystals is achieved by a one‐step solvothermal method using CuCl or CuCl2, SnCl2 or SnCl4, and SeO2 in ethylene glycol as solvent and hydrazine as reducing agent (autoclave, 180 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth, Structural, Electrical, and Magnetic Properties of Mixed‐Valent Compounds YbOs2Al10 and LuOs2Al10.
Authors: Wang Hai , et al. et al.
Published: June 2014

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared by an aluminium self‐flux method from mixtures of Yb or Lu, Os, and Al in a molar ratio of 1:2:30 (alumina ampule, 1150 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Control of the Iridium Oxidation State in the Hollandite Iridate Solid Solution K1‐xIr4O8.
Authors: Talanov Artem , Phelan W. Adam , Kelly Zachary A. , Siegler Maxime A. , McQueen Tyrel M.
Published: June 2014

Polycrystalline pellets and single crystals of KIr4O8 are prepared from mixtures of K2CO3 and Ir black with a 1:2 ratio of K/Ir (alumina crucibles, 1123—1273 K, 4—15 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Indoles to Ketimines.
Authors: Kano Taichi , Takechi Ryosuke , Kobayashi Ryohei , Maruoka Keiji
Published: June 2014

The title reaction is catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid and represents a rare example of an addition reaction to a non‐aromatic ketimine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Carbonylative [2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition Reaction: Preparation of Bicyclo[5.3.0]decadienones with Substituted Cyclopentenone Frameworks.
Authors: Mukai Chisato , Takahashi Yasuhito , Ogawa Kumiko , Hayashi Yujiro , Inagaki Fuyuhiko
Published: June 2014

The Rh(I)‐catalyzed carbonylative Pauson—Khand‐type [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of bis(allene)s with substituent at the allenic terminus produces 8‐substituted bicyclo[5.3.0]decadienone frameworks in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Triazole, Thiadiazole, and Oxadiazole Substituted Coumarins.
Authors: Reddy K. Rajasekhar , Mamatha R. , Babu M. S. Surendra , Shiva Kumar K. , Jayaveera K. N. , Narayanaswamy G.
Published: June 2014

Thiosemicarbazides undergo cyclization reactions with different reagents using conventional heating, microwave irradiation and grinding as synthetic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Opening of Vinyl Epoxides with Et3N·3HF Reagent — Formation of Allylic Fluorohydrins.
Authors: Zhang Qi , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: June 2014

A Rh‐catalyst efficiently facilitates the regioselective ring‐opening of a variety of vinyl epoxides (I) and (IV) with Et3N·HF to provide the corresponding allylic fluorohydrins (III) and (V), resp., in moderate to good yields and with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Surface‐Active Ruthenium and Rhodium Complexes in Water.
Authors: Kalsin Alexander M. , Peganova Tat'yana A. , Novikov Valentin V. , Zhamoytina Alexandra I. , Gonsalvi Luca , Peruzzini Maurizio
Published: June 2014

Several rhodium and ruthenium catalysts are investigated for this model reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Fluorination of 2‐Pyridyl Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Mu Xin , Zhang Hao , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng
Published: June 2014

A novel Cu‐catalyzed fluorination of aryl bromides with AgF as fluorine source is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Terminal Olefins.
Authors: Bronner Sarah M. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: June 2014

A new strategy to access linear amines from terminal olefin precursors is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Triarylamine Synthesis: Synthetic and Mechanistic Aspects.
Authors: Li Xin‐Le , Wu Wei , Fan Xin‐Heng , Yang Lian‐Ming
Published: June 2014

Triarylamines are prepared from aryl chlorides and diarylamines in the presence of Ni‐catalyst and iPrMgCl in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reactions of an Organozinc Reagent Derived from L‐Aspartic Acid with Monohalopyridines.
Authors: Usuki Toyonobu , Yanuma Hiroto , Hayashi Takahiro , Yamada Haruka , Suzuki Noriyuki , Masuyama Yoshiro
Published: June 2014

The palladium‐catalyzed Negishi cross‐coupling reaction is improved by using Pd2(dba)3 and P(2‐furyl)3 as the catalyst system and by removing both the undesired Zn(II) species and the insoluble Zn metal from the activated organozinc reagent via centrifugation.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Csp3—O Cross‐Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Halides with Organic Peroxides.
Authors: Chen Huan‐Huan , Wang Guang‐Zu , Han Jin , Xu Meng‐Yu , Zhao Yong‐Qiang , Xu Hua‐Jian
Published: June 2014

A novel Cu‐catalyzed coupling of aroyl peroxides with haloalkanes is described to produce benzoic acid esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Aryl(alkyl)thiolation of Unactivated Arenes.
Authors: Saravanan Perumal , Anbarasan Pazhamalai
Published: June 2014

A general palladium‐catalyzed aryl(alkyl)thiolation of various substituted unactivated arenes is accomplished for the synthesis of diverse unsymmetrical diaryl(alkyl) sulfides employing an electrophilic sulfur reagent derived from succinimide.
ChemInform Abstract: Tripod Immobilization of Triphenylphosphane on a Silica‐Gel Surface to Enable Selective Mono‐Ligation to Palladium: Application to Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Chloroarenes.
Authors: Iwai Tomohiro , Tanaka Ryotaro , Harada Tomoya , Sawamura Masaya
Published: June 2014

The new heterogeneous phosphane (POS), which is tripodally immobilized on a silica surface, selectively forms a 1:1 palladium‐ phosphane molecule.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycationic Ligands in Gold Catalysis: Synthesis and Applications of Extremely π‐Acidic Catalysts.
Authors: Carreras Javier , Gopakumar Gopinadhanpillai , Gu Lianghu , Gimeno Ana , Linowski Pawel , Petuskova Jekaterina , Thiel Walter , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: June 2014

Application of this method is exemplarily demonstrated by the synthesis of Marylaurencinol A (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Spiroacetal Core of the Cephalosporolide Family of Natural Products.
Authors: Finch Orla C. , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: June 2014

This describes the syntheses of four stereoisomeric spiroacetals, which comprise the core structures of the cephalosporolide family.
ChemInform Abstract: p‐tert‐Butylcalix[8]arene Catalyzed Synthesis of 3,5‐Dinitrothiophene Scaffolds: Antiproliferative Effect of Some Representative Compounds on Selective Anticancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Sarkar Piyali , Maiti Samares , Ghosh Krishnendu , (Bandyopadhyay) Sumita Sengupta , Butcher Ray J. , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: June 2014

Optimized reaction conditions with p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]arene as the catalyst allow the SNAr reactions of thiophene derivative (I) with amines or thiols in water to give the corresponding 2‐substituted derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles via [3 + 2]‐Annulation of Aziridines and β‐Nitroalkenes under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Wang Shaoyin , Zhu Xiancui , Chai Zhuo , Wang Shaowu
Published: June 2014

Substituted pyrroles are prepared from 2‐benzoyl‐3‐phenyl aziridines and β‐nitrostyrenes in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Promoted C—C Bond Cleavage: Facile Synthesis of 3,3‐Bipyrrole Derivatives from Dienones and Tosylmethyl Isocyanide (TosMIC).
Authors: Wang Rong , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: June 2014

This synthesis of 3,3‐bipyrroles proceeds via a van Leusen′s pyrrole synthesis followed by water mediated decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Enabled Multiple Absolute Stereocontrol in Metal‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition for Construction of Contiguous All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Imagawa Naomichi , Ooi Takashi
Published: June 2014

The new ammonium phosphine (R)‐(AMI) efficiently promotes the Pd‐catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of oxazolidinones of type (I) with di‐ and trisubstituted alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of 3‐Diazooxindoles with Indoles and Isatin‐Derived Ketimines: A Facile and Versatile Approach to Functionalized 3,3′,3′′‐Trisindoles.
Authors: Mei Liang‐Yong , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: June 2014

The new method is applicable to diversely substituted substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C3‐Acylation of Free (N—H) Indoles with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Wang Shaoyan , Li Hua , Yan Jingbo , Chi Haijun , Chen Xichao , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: June 2014

A wide range of different substituted 3‐acylindoles are obtained without strict exclusion of moisture.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles via Ag(I)‐Mediated Conjugate Addition and Cyclization Reaction of Terminal Alkynes with Amines.
Authors: Chong Qinglei , Xin Xiaoyi , Wang Chunxiang , Wu Fan , Wan Boshun
Published: June 2014

The reaction is very sensitive to steric [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Diazabicyclic Olefins to Access Heteroaryl Substituted Cyclopentenes Through C—H Activation of Phenylazoles.
Authors: Aparna P. S. , Prabha B. , Prakash Praveen , Jijy E. , Luxmi Varma R. , Radhakrishnan K. V.
Published: June 2014

Typically mono‐cyclopentyl functionalized products are obtained but 2‐phenyl benzimidazole (VI) furnishes the corresponding bis‐cyclopentenyl derivatives under similar conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Contraction of 1,3‐Diphenylbenzo[1,2,4]triazinyl Radicals to 1,2‐Diphenylbenzimidazoles.
Authors: Berezin Andrey A. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: June 2014

Treatment of benzotriazinyl radicals (I) and (III) with Zn powder in acetic acid leads to a reductive ring contraction to afford the N‐phenylbenzimidazoles (II) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(PPh3)4‐Catalyzed Direct ortho‐Fluorination of 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles with an Electrophilic Fluoride N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI).
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Ye Changqing , Pu Shouzhi , Cao Banpeng
Published: June 2014

The halogenation of 2‐furan benzothiazole fails.
ChemInform Abstract: Programmed Synthesis of Arylthiazoles Through Sequential C—H Couplings.
Authors: Tani Satoshi , Uehara Takahiro N. , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Itami Kenichiro
Published: June 2014

A programmed synthesis of all substitution patterns of arylthiazoles (2‐aryl, 4‐aryl, 5‐aryl, 2,4‐diaryl, 2,5‐diaryl, 4,5‐diaryl, and 2,4,5‐triaryl‐derivatives) via sequential C—H coupling reactions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of Aryl Chlorides, a Convenient Method for the Synthesis of New Potential Triazolic Fungicides.
Authors: Herrera Cano Natividad , Santiago Ana N.
Published: June 2014

The Stille cross‐coupling reaction and the Suzuki reaction are used to synthesize aryl derivatives of triadimefon (I) and cyproconazole (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyfunctional Triethoxysilanes by ′Click Silylation′.
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Mangat Satinderpal Singh , Singh Jandeep , Arora Aanchal , Sharma Ramesh K.
Published: June 2014

The Cu‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of γ‐azidopropyltriethoxysilane with a wide range of alkynes or bis‐alkynes to give 1,2,3‐triazoles (III) or bis‐triazoles (V) in good to excellent yields is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO Catalyzed Cross‐Rauhut—Currier/Transesterification Reactions of Activated Alkenes with Phenyl Acrylates: Scope and Mechanistic Insight.
Authors: Liu Wen , Zhao Gang
Published: June 2014

The title reaction affords highly substituted pyran‐2‐ones (III) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetracyclic Chromenones via Platinum(II) Chloride Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Enediyne—Enones.
Authors: Sivaraman Mahalingam , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: June 2014

A mechanism for the regioselective 6‐endo‐dig cyclization is also proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Pot Diastereoselective Synthesis of Six Membered Cyclic (E)‐endo‐Aldonitrones via Intramolecular Cyclization of ω‐Alkenyl Oximes.
Authors: Mehra Vishu , Kumar Vipan
Published: June 2014

Tandem condensation‐intramolecular cyclization of 2‐azetidinones (I) with hydroxylamine results in an efficient synthesis of six‐membered cyclic (E)‐endo‐aldonitrones.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Assembly of Phenanthridines from Aryl Ketone O‐Acetyloximes and Arynes Through C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Tang Chen‐Yu , Wu Xin‐Yan , Sha Feng , Zhang Fei , Li Hao
Published: June 2014

Phenanthridines are prepared from various O‐acetyloximes and in situ generated arynes through a C‐H bond activation/insertion/cyclization/elimination sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Elucidation of Carbene Ambiphilicity Leading to the Discovery of Reversible Ammonia Activation.
Authors: Moerdyk Jonathan P. , Blake Garrett A. , Chase Daniel T. , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: June 2014

A broad range of substrates [(I) and (IV)] undergoes the ammonia activation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Sulfamate‐Derived Cyclic Imines with Allenoates: Synthesis of Sulfamate‐Fused Tetrahydropyridines.
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhang Lei , Li Zhen , Liu Honglei , Wang Bo , Xiao Yumei , Guo Hongchao
Published: June 2014

A [4 + 2] cycloaddition of sulfamate derived cyclic imines with a series of allenoates is developed using diphenyl(propyl)phosphane as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: New Tetracyclic 1,4‐Oxazepines Constructed via Practically Simple Tandem Condensation Strategy from Readily Available Synthons.
Authors: Sapegin Alexander V. , Kalinin Stanislav A. , Smirnov Alexey V. , Dorogov Mikhail V. , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: June 2014

The process consists of nucleophilic aromatic substitution, Smiles rearrangement, and denitrocyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Z)‐N‐Alkenyl‐β‐arylselanyl Imidazoles via Additive‐Free Nucleophilic Addition of Imidazole to Arylselanylalkynes.
Authors: Soares Liane K. , Lara Renata G. , Jacob Raquel G. , Lenardao Eder J. , Alves Diego , Perin Gelson
Published: June 2014

The addition proceeds with high regio‐ and E/Z‐selectivity to produce (Z)‐alkenes as only isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Possible Biosynthetic Origin of 1/8/9‐Orthoester Moiety in Phragmalins.
Authors: Hu Sheng‐Mou , Luo Jun , Yang Lei , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: June 2014

An efficient and concise method for the preparation of compounds (I) from tabulalin is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of (‐)‐Lentiginosine via an anti,syn‐Oxazine.
Authors: Kim Gun‐Woo , Jin Tian , Kim Jin‐Seok , Park Seok‐Hwi , Lee Kun‐Hee , Kim Seong‐Soo , Myeong In‐Soo , Ham Won‐Hun
Published: June 2014

The compound is synthesized from a chiral 1,3‐oxazine using Wittig reaction followed by a cyclization as key features over ten steps with an overall yield of 15.7%.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid and Efficient Access to Renieramycin‐Type Alkaloids Featuring a Temperature‐Dependent Stereoselective Cyclization.
Authors: Liu Hao , Chen Ruijiao , Chen Xiaochuan
Published: June 2014

A flexible protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of renieramycin‐type alkaloids, such as Renieramycin G (III) and Jorunnamycin A (IV), in which the spontaneous lactamization of (I) after N‐deprotection is employed to construct the pentacyclic framework is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of an Anthrabenzoxocinone 1.264‐C from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.264 and Absolute Configuration Determination of the Anthrabenzoxocinones.
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Liu Ning , Huang Ying , Chen Yihua
Published: June 2014

Based on the determination of the absolute configuration of compound (I) the configuration of several other anthrabenzoxocinones is assigned.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Bulk Synthesis of Stable, Near Unit‐Cell Sized Oxide Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle Blends Using KO2.
Authors: Sutto Thomas E.
Published: June 2014

Bulk quantities of nm‐sized oxides or hydroxides of Mg, Y, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Tl, Pb, and Ce, and nanoparticulate blends of the lithium cathode material LiCoO2, the multiferroic compound BiMnO3+δ, and the superconducting YBa2Cu3O7‐γ are prepared from aqueous solutions of sulfates, chlorides, acetates, or nitrates and a 2‐fold molar excess of KO2 (pH 7, <90% yields).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Features of Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric Ferrites and Chromites Exhibiting Magnetically Driven Ferroelectricity
Authors: Saha Rana , Sundaresan A. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: June 2014

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Noble Metal Nanoparticle@Metal Oxide Core/Yolk‐Shell Nanostructures as Catalysts: Recent Progress and Perspective
Authors: Li Guodong , Tang Zhiyong
Published: June 2014

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supplemental Literature Review of Binary Phase Diagrams: Ag‐Ho, Ag‐Tb, Ag‐Y, Cd‐Na, Ce‐Sn, Co‐Dy, Cu‐Dy, Cu‐Sn, Ir‐Pt, Mg‐Pb, Mo‐Ni, and Sc‐Y
Authors: Okamoto H.
Published: June 2014

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Art of Using Ionic Liquids in the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials
Authors: Duan Xiaochuan , Ma Jianmin , Lian Jiabiao , Zheng Wenjun
Published: June 2014

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Supported Heavier Group 14 Elements: Recent Progress and Challenges
Authors: Prabusankar Ganesan , Sathyanarayana Arruri , Suresh Paladugu , Naga Babu Chatla , Srinivas Katam , Metla Bhanu Prakasa Rao
Published: June 2014

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Allylic/Benzylic Oxidation Strategies with Molecular Oxygen: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Chen Kexian , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Yong , Li Haoran
Published: June 2014

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Are Ionic Liquids a Proper Solution to Current Environmental Challenges?
Authors: Cevasco Giorgio , Chiappe Cinzia
Published: June 2014

Review: [91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Road Towards Electroactive Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Dogru Mirjam , Bein Thomas
Published: June 2014

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Non‐metal‐assisted Trifluoromethylation and Perfluoroalkylation Reactions of Organic Substrates
Authors: Barata‐Vallejo Sebastian , Torviso M. Rosario , Lantano Beatriz , Bonesi Sergio M. , Postigo Al
Published: June 2014

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Single‐Enantiomer Bioactive Molecules: A Brief Overview
Authors: Rouf Abdul , Taneja S. C.
Published: June 2014

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Molecular Catalysts for Selective CH Functionalization
Authors: Bischof Steven M. , Hashiguchi Brian G. , Konnick Michael M. , Periana Roy A.
Published: June 2014

Review: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Microwaves in Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems
Authors: Horikoshi Satoshi , Serpone Nick
Published: June 2014

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies to Obtain High Content of Monoacylglycerols
Authors: Zhong Nanjing , Cheong Ling‐Zhi , Xu Xuebing
Published: June 2014

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthetic Studies of Pestalotiopsin A and Related Caryophyllene‐Type Sesquiterpenoids
Authors: Takao Ken‐ichi , Tadano Kin‐ichi
Published: June 2014

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Environment‐Friendly Synthesis of Bioactive Pyrazoles
Authors: Pizzuti Lucas , Barschak Alethea G. , Stefanello Francieli M. , Farias Marilia D. , Lencina Claiton , Roesch‐Ely Mariana , Cunico Wilson , Moura Sidnei , Pereira Claudio M. P.
Published: June 2014

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Scalable Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aziridination Reaction
Authors: Smith David T. , Njardarson Jon T.
Published: June 2014

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromones as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: A Review
Authors: Keri Rangappa S. , Budagumpi Srinivasa , Pai Ranjith Krishna , Balakrishna R. Geetha
Published: June 2014

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Dakin—West Analogue Reaction: Improvements and Applications
Authors: Behbahani Farahnaz K. , Daloee Toktam Sheibani
Published: June 2014

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Approaches to Stoichiometric Phosphine‐Mediated Organic Reactions
Authors: Xu Silong , Tang Yuhai
Published: June 2014

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bio(chemo)technological Strategies for Biomass Conversion into Bioethanol and Key Carboxylic Acids
Authors: de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. , Miranda Leandro S. M. , Luque Rafael
Published: June 2014

Review: 188 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cosensitization of Ruthenium—Polypyridyl Dyes with Organic Dyes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Numata Youhei , Zhang Shufang , Yang Xudong , Han Liyuan
Published: June 2014

Review: [36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Porous Coordination Polymers Showing Unique Guest Adsorption Behaviors
Authors: Matsuda Ryotaro
Published: June 2014

Review: 150 refs.
Chemical Oxygen Demand Elimination and Decolorization of Textile Industrial Effluent by an Indigenous Fungal Species Aspergillus foetidus
Authors: Singh Lakhvinder , Sharma Praveen , Pavankumar Asalapuram Ramachandran
Published: June 2014

This study reports the biodegradation capability of an indigenous fungal species Aspergillus foetidus for decolorization and removal of chemical oxygen demand from textile effluent. Model designed experiments were performed to construct the quadratic model and high regression coefficients between variables and responses indicated suitability of the model. Further, the experimental conditions were optimized for fungal species A. foetidus 8796 to show its efficiency to remove color from textile effluents. Aspergillus foetidus  8796 revealed up to 91.3% of color removal activity and 82.58% of chemical oxygen demand removal capability under the optimal conditions of this study. The extracellular enzymatic activities of this fungal species evidenced an excellent evaluation of experimental data to propose A. foetidus, as a cost effective solution to treat the effluents from textile industry.
Facile Zeolite Synthesis from Municipal Glass and Aluminum Solid Wastes
Authors: Terzano Roberto , D'Alessandro Caterina , Spagnuolo Matteo , Romagnoli Marcello , Medici Luca
Published: June 2014

A clean and cheap procedure for the synthesis of zeolites is presented, using glass and aluminum wastes as starting materials. The products are aluminosilicate materials with a high cation exchange capacity (CEC: 259–389.5 meq/100 g) containing 25–30% of crystalline zeolites. Since the synthesized materials are free of potentially toxic elements, they could be safely used for environmental and agricultural applications. More specifically, a material containing 30% of zeolite A has been synthesized at 60°C in one week, using NaOH as mineralizing agent. About 15% of zeolite A has been obtained at room temperature in six months. When KOH was employed, 25% of edingtonite has been produced in the final material after one week at 90°C. All the materials have been characterized for crystallinity, crystal morphology, particle size, pore size, surface area, and CEC. The whole process has been designed with the aim to recycle useful waste materials and reduce at minimum energy consumption and the production of harmful greenhouse gases.
Application of the Artificial Neural Network and Neuro‐fuzzy System for Assessment of Groundwater Quality
Authors: Khaki Mahmoud , Yusoff Ismail , Islami Nur
Published: June 2014

One of the most important aspects of the evaluation of any aquatic system is the simulation of water quality parameters. Recently, artificial intelligence methods have been broadly applied to simulate hydrological processes. This study evaluates the potential of applying the neuro‐fuzzy system and neural network to simulate total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity levels, by employing the values of other existing water quality parameters. Consideration of these results will be important for implementing and adopting a water quality prediction model which is able to provide a useful tool for the management of water resources. In this study, water quality data were analyzed from five sampling stations over six years from 2008 to 2013, in the Langat Basin, Malaysia. An assessment of the model's performance was carried out through the correlation coefficient and mean squared error obtained from the model computation and measurement values of the dependent variables. Consequently, a close agreement between these values and their respective measured values in the quality of the groundwater were found. Accordingly, artificial intelligence approaches and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system models in particular are capable of interpreting the behavior of water quality parameters.
Therapeutic Strategies for Metabolic Diseases: Small‐Molecule Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT) Inhibitors
Authors: Naik Ravi , Obiang‐Obounou Brice W. , Kim Minkyoung , Choi Yongseok , Lee Hyun Sun , Lee Kyeong
Published: June 2014

Metabolic diseases such as atherogenic dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, obesity, and type II diabetes are emerging as major global health problems. Acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is responsible for catalyzing the final reaction in the glycerol phosphate pathway of triglycerol synthesis. It has two isoforms, DGAT‐1 and DGAT‐2, which are widely expressed and present in white adipose tissue. DGAT‐1 is most highly expressed in the small intestine, whereas DGAT‐2 is primarily expressed in the liver. Therefore, the selective inhibition of DGAT‐1 has become an attractive target with growing potential for the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes. Furthermore, DGAT‐2 has been suggested as a new target for the treatment of DGAT‐2‐related liver diseases including hepatic steatosis, hepatic injury, and fibrosis. In view the discovery of drugs that target DGAT, herein we attempt to provide insight into the scope and further reasons for optimization of DGAT inhibitors.
The development of a financial toxicity patient‐reported outcome in cancer: The COST measure
Authors: de Souza Jonas A. , Yap Bonnie J. , Hlubocky Fay J. , Wroblewski Kristen , Ratain Mark J. , Cella David , Daugherty Christopher K.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Considering patients' experience is essential for optimal decision‐making. However, despite increasing recognition of the impact of costs on oncology care, there is no patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) that specifically describes the financial distress experienced by patients.

METHODS

The content for a comprehensive score for financial toxicity (COST) was developed with a stepwise approach: step 1) a literature review and semistructured, qualitative interviews with patients for content generation; step 2) patients' assessment of the items for importance to their quality of life; step 3) pilot testing assessing interitem (IIC) and item–total (ITC) correlations to identify redundancy (Spearman rho, >0.7) and statistically unrelated content (P > .05); and step 4) exploratory factor analysis. Sociodemographic data were collected.

RESULTS

In total, 155 patients with advanced cancer who were receiving treatment (20 patients in step 1, 35 patients in step 2, and 100 patients in steps 3 and 4) participated in the PROM development. In step 1, the literature was reviewed, and 20 patients generated 147 items, which were reduced to 58 items because of redundancy. In step 2, 35 patients rated the 58 items on importance, and 30 items were retained. In step 3, 46 patients assessed the 30 items, 14 items were excluded because of high IIC, and 3 were excluded because of nonsignificant ITC. In step 4, 2 items were discarded because of poor loadings in a factor analysis of 100 patients, resulting in an 11‐item PROM.

CONCLUSIONS

The content for a financial toxicity PROM was developed in 155 patients. The provisional COST measure demonstrated face and content validity as well as internal consistency and should be validated in larger samples.Cancer2014;120:3245–3253.©2014 American Cancer Society.
BODIPY‐Bridged Push–Pull Chromophores for Nonlinear Optical Applications
Authors: Ulrich Gilles , Barsella Alberto , Boeglin Alex , Niu Songlin , Ziessel Raymond
Published: June 2014

A set of linear and dissymmetric BODIPY‐bridged push–pull dyes are synthesized. The electron‐donating substituents are anisole and dialkylanilino groups. The strongly electron‐accepting moiety, a 1,1,4,4‐tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐diene (TCBD) group, is obtained by insertion of an electron‐rich ethyne into tetracyanoethylene. A nonlinear push–pull system is developed with a donor at the 5‐position of the BODIPY core and the acceptor at the 2‐position. All dyes are fully characterized and their electrochemical, linear and nonlinear optical properties are discussed. The linear optical properties of dialkylamino compounds show strong solvatochromic behavior and undergo drastic changes upon protonation. The strong push–pull systems are non‐fluorescent and the TCBD‐BODIPY dyes show diverse photochemistry and electrochemistry, with several reversible reduction waves for the tetracyanobutadiene moiety. The hyperpolarizability μβ of selected compounds is evaluated using the electric‐field‐induced second‐harmonic generation technique. Two of the TCBD‐BODIPY dyes show particularly high μβ (1.907 μm) values of 2050×10−48 and 5900×10−48 esu. In addition, one of these dyes shows a high NLO contrast upon protonation–deprotonation of the donor residue.
An Energy Investigation into 1D/2D Oriented‐Attachment Assemblies of 1D Ag Nanocrystals
Authors: Lv Weiqiang , Yang Xuemei , Wang Wei , Niu Yinghua , Liu Zhongping , He Weidong
Published: June 2014

In the field of oriented‐attachment crystal growth, one‐dimensional nanocrystals are frequently employed as building blocks to synthesize two‐dimensional or large‐aspect‐ratio one‐dimensional nanocrystals. Despite recent extensive experimental advances, the underlying inter‐particle interaction in the synthesis still remains elusive. In this report, using Ag as a platform, we investigate the van der Waals interactions associated with the side‐by‐side and end‐to‐end assemblies of one‐dimensional nanorods. The size, aspect ratio, and inter‐particle separation of the Ag precursor nanorods are found to have dramatically different impacts on the van der Waals interactions in the two types of assemblies. Our work facilitates the fundamental understanding of the oriented‐attachment assembling mechanism based on one‐dimensional nanocrystals.
Multistimuli‐Responsive Supramolecular Gels: Design Rationale, Recent Advances, and Perspectives
Authors: Sun Zhifang , Huang Qiyu , He Ting , Li Zhengyuan , Zhang Yi , Yi Lunzhao
Published: June 2014

This manuscript presents a brief overview of recent advances in multistimuli‐responsive supramolecular gels (MRSGs). The synthesis of MRSGs with faster and smarter responsive abilities to a variety of external stimuli, such as redox reagents, pH changes, ligands, and coupling reagents, is one key issue for the upgrade of current molecular motors, signal sensors, shape memory devices, drug delivery systems, display devices, and other devices. However, the design rules of MRSGs are still not well understood. The lack of information about the relationship between the spatial structure and gelation behavior of existing gelators means that the knowledge required to design new gelators by the addition of functional moieties to well‐known gelators is lacking. Insights into the gelation pathway of known gelators may bring inspiration to researchers who want to exploit elegant designs and specific building blocks to obtain their own MRSGs with predictable stimuli‐responsive abilities.
Enhanced Phosphorescence Emission by Incorporating Aromatic Halides into an Entangled Coordination Framework Based on Naphthalenediimide
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Virginia , Sola Llano Rebeca , Furukawa Shuhei , Takashima Yohei , López Arbeloa Iñigo , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: June 2014

Phosphorescence emission at room temperature is turned on in an entangled porous coordination polymer (PCP) with naphthalenediimide (NDI) as chromophore, by incorporating halogenated guests into the pores. The phosphorescent efficiency is drastically increased by the incorporation of aromatic halide guests in comparison with the incorporation of nonaromatic derivatives. Aromatic halide guests trigger a structural transformation, which allows a strong interaction with the NDI ligand in the framework through charge‐transfer complexation, and provides an extra population process of the triplet state. The long‐lived photoinduced triplet states, with an emission wavelength in the red region of the visible spectrum, demonstrated by this PCP, may open the door for potential uses, for example, as singlet‐oxygen generators or for bio‐imaging applications.
Ab Initio MP2 and Density Functional Theory Computational Study of AcAlaNH2 Peptide Hydration: A Bottom‐Up Approach
Authors: Lanza Giuseppe , Chiacchio Maria A.
Published: June 2014

AcAlaNH2⋅n H2O (n=1–13) complexes have been proposed as models to account for water solvent effects on the molecular properties of N‐acetyl‐L‐alanine amide. Ab initio computations are planned to evaluate peptide–water interactions and to provide a means for approximating relative effects of the short‐range many‐body interactions arising in real solution without introducing any external parameters intended to quantify empirical or semiempirical potential‐energy functions. The present bottom‐up approach reveals the formation of compact ring clusters of water molecules strongly bonded to peptidic polar groups throughout hydrogen bonds. The explicit coordination of water molecules around the peptide renders the fully extended (FE) and polyproline II (PPII) conformers more stable with respect to the 310 helix or γ turn. The alternance of donor and acceptor groups on both sides of the FE and PPII conformers allows for synergy and extensive H‐bonding.
The Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide by Single and Double Oxygen Transfer Paths
Authors: Troiani Anna , Rosi Marzio , Salvitti Chiara , de Petris Giulia
Published: June 2014

The oxidation of SO2 by nonmetal oxoanions in the gas phase is investigated in an experimental and theoretical study of the structure of the species involved and the reaction kinetics and mechanism. SO3, SO3.− and SO4.− are efficiently produced by reaction of OnXO− anions (X=Cl, Br, and I; n=0 and 1) with SO2; XO− ions mainly react to give SO3 by oxygen‐atom transfer, whereas OXO− ions mainly give SO3.− by oxygen‐anion transfer. On descending the halogen group from chlorine to iodine, the SO3/SO3.− ratio decreases and increases for reactions involving XO− and OXO− anions, respectively, whereas the formation of SO4.− is particularly significant with OIO−. Kinetic factors play a major role in the reactions of OnXO−, depending on the halogen atom and its oxidation state.
Dithienopyrrole‐/Benzodithiophene‐Based Donor–Acceptor Polymers for Memristor
Authors: Wang Cheng , Liu Gang , Chen Yu , Liu Shanshan , Chen Qibin , Li Runwei , Zhang Bin
Published: June 2014

Two new donor (D)–acceptor (A) copolymers, poly({4,4′‐[4,4′‐(9H‐fluorene‐9,9‐diyl)bis(4,1‐phenylene)]bis(oxy)diphthalonitrile}‐alt‐[dithieno [3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole]) (P1) and poly({4,4′‐[4,4′‐(9H‐fluorene‐9,9‐diyl)bis(4,1‐phenylene)]bis(oxy)diphthalonitrile}‐alt‐([1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)) (P2), have been designed and synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction. The dipole moment of P1 (10.71 Debye) is larger than that of P2 (6.59 Debye). A strong dipole moment helps to sustain the conductive charge‐transfer state. To evaluate the nonvolatile memristive performance of P1 and P2, the corresponding memory device can be fabricated with the configuration of platinum (50 nm)/polymer (100 nm)/platinum (150 nm)/silicon. In contrast with the P2‐based device with almost negligible switching and memristive behavior, the P1‐based memristor exhibits a maximum ILRS/IHRS ratio of about 10 (ILRS and IHRS are the current values in the low‐resistance state (LRS) and high‐resistance state (HRS), respectively) at ±2.0 V. Distinguishable from the bistable resistive switching, showing abrupt resistance or conductance jumps, the electrical transition observed in the memristor demonstrates a smoother tuning of the sample conductance during the voltage sweeping processes. In addition, changes in the surface morphology of P1 and P2 are also observed under an applied bias voltage of 100 mV.
Occurrence and consequences of differences in the cation/anion ratios during classical resolution: D‐/L‐serine benzyl ester 2,3‐toluyl‐D‐tartrate
Authors: Sistla V.S. , von Langermann Jan , Lorenz H. , Seidel‐Morgenstern A.
Published: June 2014

Differences in physical‐chemical properties of diaste‐reomeric salts allow the separation into the respective salts and subsequently into enantiomers by crystallization. Within this study unusual deviations in the cation‐/anion‐ratio of a diastereomeric salt pair were observed and characterized. While the n‐salt (L‐serine benzyl ester 2,3‐toluyl‐D‐tartrate) crystallizes in a ratio of two cations and one anion, the p‐salt (D‐serine benzyl ester 2,3‐toluyl‐D‐tartrate) consists of only one cation and one anion. Consequently the classical definition of a diastereomeric salt pair does not apply. In this contribution all differences in relevant thermodynamic properties of the unusual resulting diastereomeric salt pair are presented and discussed.
Recognition for Sustained Corporate Social Responsibility: Female Directors Make a Difference
Authors: Landry Erynne E. , Bernardi Richard A. , Bosco Susan M.
Published: June 2014

This study examines a sample of 341 corporations that were ranked in the Fortune 500 in all seven years from 2006 through 2012. We compiled data from multiple corporate recognition lists including the following: the Most Admired Companies, the Most Ethical Companies, the Best Companies to Work for, and the Best Corporate Citizens. Our findings indicate that the higher the percentage of women on a company's board of directors, the more likely the company is to appear on these lists. We also found that the average percentage of women directors for the listed companies was significantly higher than the average percentage of women directors for the companies that did not appear on any of these lists over the period from 2006 through 2012. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Monitoring Structural Dynamics of In situ Spray‐Deposited Zinc Oxide Films for Application in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sarkar Kuhu , Braden Erik V. , Pogorzalek Stefan , Yu Shun , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: June 2014

The spray‐deposition technique is an effective and scalable method to deposit zinc oxide nanostructures, which are used as active layers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in the present study. The dynamics of structural evolution are studied with grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering during in situ spraying. Nanostructured films obtained through multiple spray shots provide suitable structural length scales, morphologies, and film thicknesses; this leads to reasonable performance in a DSSC with the highest short‐circuit current density reported so far.
Edge Radial Electric Field Formation after the L‐H Transition on JT‐60U
Authors: Kamiya K. , Matsunaga G. , Honda M. , Miyato N. , Urano H. , Kamada Y. , Ida K. , Itoh K. , the JT‐60 team
Published: June 2014

Spatio‐temporal measurements of the impurity ion temperature, density, and rotation profiles around the plasma edge region have been made in the JT‐60U tokamak, allowing the determination of radial electric field, Er, with the key dimensionless parameter (poloidal Mach number, Upm) at the L‐H transition in a number of operational regimes. We found that there is variation in the L‐H transition in terms of its time‐scale; not only “hard” type transition with a faster time‐scale than that seen in the plasma transport (as represented by an energy confinement time, τE) as seen in the many conventional tokamaks, but also “soft” one with a slow time‐scale (≈τE) is possible solution, including a complex multi‐stage Er transition in the later H‐phase. The most important point is that the critical condition for the L‐H transition predicted by ion‐orbit loss model could be applicable only for “hard” transition (occurred at Upm ≥ 1), and not necessary for “slow” one (occurred even at Upm < 1). Characteristics of the turbulent density fluctuation with the frequency range of 100 kHz at the plasma edge region, in addition to a uniform toroidal MHD oscillation (i.e., n = 0), during ELM‐free H‐phase are also reported. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)