bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Impact of Different Dielectrics on the Characteristics of AlN/β-Ga2O3 HEMT
Authors: Chauhan Meenakshi , Jena Kanjalochan , Tomar Raghuvir , Khan Abdul Naim
Published: July 2024

In the present research, a β-Ga2O3
high electron mobility transistor is
proposed for investigating the implementation of high-k dielectric materials. The
implementation of the dielectrics, Si3N4
, Al2O3
, and HfO2, at the interface of aluminum
nitride (AlN) and the gate is depicted to determine the optimal selection. The novelty of
the device lies in the highly doped n+ material with a broader gap between ohmic
contact and the barrier layers. The performance is computed regarding the transfer and
output characteristics, transconductance, gate capacitance, 2nd and 3rd-order
transconductance, sub-threshold voltage, on-resistance and output conductance. The
crucial parameters for switching and linearity performance are also assessed. The
results demonstrate significant improvements in dynamic and access resistance, leading
to a remarkably high transconductance (Gm
) value of 0.15 S/µm and a peak drain
current density of 650 A/mm at Vds = 5 V. These promising results pave the way for
potential applications in high-power radio frequency and microwave devices, making
the proposed device a promising candidate for future advancements in these fields.
Ge-Channel Nanosheet FinFETs for Nanoscale Mixed Signal Application
Authors: Topno Nawal , Swain Raghunandan , Dash Dinesh Kumar , Suresh M.
Published: July 2024

Due to the shortening of channel length in accordance with Moore’s law,
short channel effects degrade transistor performance. This chapter explains the
emerging nanosheet fin field effect transistor (FinFET) design and operation through
technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tool-based design and simulation. A 10 nm
node Ge-channel nanosheet FinFET is designed and simulated by incorporating
quantum transport models in both DC and AC environments. Corresponding short
channel effect (SCE) parameters are obtained and compared with Si-channel nanosheet
FinFETs. Further, device feasibility for low-power and high-frequency applications is
studied.
Recent Trends in FET and HEMT-Based Biosensors for Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Raghuveera E. , Rao G. Purnachandra , Lenka Trupti Ranjan
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, a wide range of viruses, bacteria, cancers, and other diseases
have emerged due to drastic changes in the environment and climate, as well as
changes in human habitation and lifestyle. Some viruses, like the coronavirus (COVID19), are potentially fatal, causing a global pandemic and leading to millions of deaths
worldwide. Therefore, the development of biosensors is necessary to identify these
viruses and cancers at an early stage. The book chapter aims to discuss the
development of biosensors based on different device technologies (FET,
AlGaAs/GaAs, AlGaN/GaN) with their performance characteristics toward biosensing
applications. This chapter also focuses on two important detection techniques, labelbased and label-free biosensing, and compares them with several performance factors.
The performance characteristics of FET-based biosensors, AlGaAs-based biosensors,
and AlGaN-based biosensors are covered in this book chapter.
The Relationship of Common Cold Knowledge Level and Self-Medication Behavior in Non-Faculty of Health Students at Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah University
Authors: Utami Pinasti ,   School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Unarih Uun , Puspita Salma Fajar , Octavia Devi Ristian , yuliastuti Fitriana ,   School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia,   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia,   Departemen Famasi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan, Indonesia,62218,   Departemen Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Indonesia, 56126
Published: July 2024

The results of the National Health Survey in 2016 showed that 72.44% of the people carried out self-medicationtreatment and data from the Health Profile of the Bantul District Health Office in 2019. Acute nasopharyngitis(Common cold) was included in the top ten diseases with 84,142 patients. Self-medication behavior must befollowed with high knowledge in order for treatment to be appropriate and rational. This study aims to determinetherelation between the level of common cold knowledge and common cold self-medication behavior innon-healthfaculty students at the University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This was an observational study withacross-sectional research design using descriptive analysis. The sampling technique used was the probabilitysamplingtechnique with systematic random sampling. In this study, 400 respondents who were non-medical students at theUniversity of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta were included in the study. The instruments used in this studywereacommon cold knowledge level questionnaire and a common cold self-medication behavior questionnaire. Thedatawere analyzed using the spearman rank correlation test. The results of this study showed that the level of knowledgeof respondents regarding common cold self-medication was known, namely 84.5% of respondents were includedinthe category of high knowledge, 15.5% of the category of fair knowledge. For common cold self-medicationbehavior, 82.3% were found to be in the high behavior category, 12.5% in the fair behavior category, and5.4%inthe poor behavior category. The results of the correlation test between the level of knowledge and self-medicationbehavior produced a significant correlation value (p-value 0.005) with a correlation coefficient of 0.141. Basedonthe results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a relation between the level of common cold knowledgeandthe behavior of common cold self-medication in non-medical faculty students at the University of MuhammadiyahYogyakarta.
Implementasi Contextual Teaching and Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Pemeliharaan Kelistrikan Siswa SMK
Authors: Susilo Ardhin , Ihwanudin M , Rudiyanto Eddy , Suhartadi Syarif
Published: July 2024

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) menjadi jembatan untuk menciptakan lulusan yang memiliki keahlian bidang tertentu yang sesuai dengan dunia usaha dan industri (DU/DI). Dalam hal ini, SMK harus mempersiapkan pembelajaran yang efektif dalam semua mata pelajaran Teknik Kendaraan Ringan (TKR) termasuk pemeliharaan kelistrikan kendaraan ringan yang menjadi inti dari pelajaran di Jurusan Teknik Kendaraan ringan. Namun demikian, pendekatan pembelajaran yang dipakai masih konvensional sehingga nilai siswa perlu ditingkatkan dan motivasi siswa juga perlu ditingkatkan. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi siswa menggunakan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) di SMK Kediri dalam mata pelajaran pemeliharaan kelistrikan kendaraan ringan. Pada penelitian ini menerapakan metode Penelitian Tidakan Kelas (PTK) menggunakan instrument pre-tes, post-tes, catatan lapang, dan pedoman wawancara. Setelah empat pertemuan pertemuan dalam dua siklus. Hasil dalam penilitian dikatakan meningkat karena pada sisklus satu ketuntasan 75% untuk pengetahuan dan 56% untuk keterampilan menjadi naik 100%. Meningkatnya presentase dari setiap siklus dilihat dari dari rata rata siklus satu 73 untuk pengetahuan dan 73 untuk keterampilan untuk siklus dua rata rata pengetahuan dan keterampilan mendapatkan 83 sehingga melebihi batas minimal kriteria 75. Motivasi siswa juga meningkat dan persepsi siswa juga positif terhadap penerapan CTL. Hal ini dapat dipahami bahwa CTL mampu meningkatkan nilai pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan motivasis siswa dalam belajar mata pelajaran pemeliharaan kelistrikan.
The religious factor of national self-identification in the context of digital transformation
Authors: Alekseienko Olena
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the religious factor’s peculiarities of national self-identification in the context of digital transformation. The relevance and novelty of the study lies in the actualization of the problem of the real state and potential possibilities of preserving national and religious identity by Ukrainian migrants using the Internet in the conditions of a full-scale Russia’s invasion to Ukraine. The role of the religious factor in the formation of the Ukrainian people’s national self-identification is analyzed. It is noted that the study of identity can also include the analysis of using language, symbols, religious rites and other cultural manifestations that affect the perception of self and others by Ukrainians. Characteristic features of the Ukrainian national character are identified - peacefulness, disinclination to aggression and violence, high appreciation of one's inner freedom. The role of religious identity as a means of counteracting psychological trauma caused by war is determined. The challenges and dangers to national and religious-cultural identity that Ukrainian migrants face are analyzed. Internet communities of Ukrainian religious denominations in social networks, their fields of activity and fields of constructive activity for the preservation of national and religious-cultural identity by Ukrainian migrants are characterized.
Ionization processes of negative corona discharge. Part 2. Theory. Comparison with experiment
Authors: Zhakin A. I. , Kuzko A. E.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the research is a theoretical analysis of ionization processes in the air, which are initiated by a high-voltage field generated by the negative needle-flat electrode electrode system.

   Methods. Fe, Cu, Al electrodes are used. Calculations are carried out using the methods of quantum mechanics and mathematical physics.

   Results. The processes of cold and thermoelectron emission of electrons, enhanced by an external high-voltage field (Schottky emission), are analyzed. The conditions under which the generation of charges from the cathode surface due to plasma-chemical reactions and the capture of surface electrons by electronegative oxygen molecules are decisive are investigated. Based on the PE theory, a theory of injection of negative ions from the cathode into an electronegative gas is constructed and the theory is compared with experiment. It has been shown that at small radii of curvature of needle tips, when E ≥ 106 V/cm, the generation of charges is due to cold emission of electrons. In average fields E ≈ 105 V/cm, electron emission is due to the Schottky effect. In fields E ≈ 104 V/cm and below, injection is caused by electrochemical processes and PE capture. A theory has been developed for PEs that appear at electric field intensities on the electrode of the order of several tens of kV/cm, that is, on flat and slightly curved negative electrodes. The capture of PE by electron-withdrawing molecules causes an injection current and, as a consequence, the ignition of a corona discharge. Analytical expressions for the surface density as a function of the local electric field strength, as well as an expression for the injection current, are obtained. The agreement between theory and experiment is satisfactory.

   Conclusion. An analysis of the development of CR on negative needles is given. A theory of PE at the cathode in strong electric fields was developed. Based on the results of measuring dark negative current-voltage characteristics, it is possible to determine the patterns of surface processes involving electronic transitions, in particular, determine the concentration of PE and injection currents.
Simulation of ordering and diffusion in CrxMoNbTaVW alloys within the framework of the N-body approach when specifying interatomic interactions
Authors: Maksimenko V. N. , Lipnitskii A. G. , Malai N. V. , Emelyanov V. M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Development of interatomic potentials for atomistic simulation of alloys based on refractory metals of the V-Cr-Nb-Mo-Ta-W system and atomistic simulation using these ordering and diffusion potentials in CrxMoNbTaVW alloys.

   Methods. The development of the interatomic potentials of the V-Cr-Nb-Mo-Ta-W system was carried out within the framework of the 𝑁-body approach; To optimize the parameters of the potentials, the results of calculations within the framework of the electron density functional theory using the VASP software package were used as target values; the simulations of ordering and diffusion was carried out using methods of molecular dynamics and the developed We have previously used the combined method of molecular dynamics and the Monte Carlo method (MD+MK).

   Results. Within the framework of the 𝑁-body approach, potentials are constructed that complement the V-Nb-Mo-W potential system that we built earlier to the V-Cr-Nb-Mo-Ta-W system. The constructed potentials predict the characteristics of alloys in good agreement with experimental data, CALPHAD data and density functional theory data. Using these potentials by the MD+MC method, CrxMoNbTaVW alloys were modeled, where 𝑥 = 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3, in the temperature range from 500 ºC to 2300 ºC. The MD+MC calculations and CALPHAD data agreed in the temperature and concentration regions containing one phase of BCC. At a temperature of 1000ºC, MD + MC calculations show the presence of a single BCC phase, which contradicts CALPHAD data, but is consistent with experimental data. The simulation showed that the atomic structure of the CrMoNbTaVW model alloy is self-sufficient to realize the diffusion of components without artificial introduction of vacancies. The absolute values of the diffusion coefficients of the components and the values of the effective activation energy of diffusion in a solid solution of CrMoNbTaVW were calculated for the first time by the method of molecular dynamics. Analysis of the calculated diffusion characteristics indicates that a diffusion mechanism is implemented in the CrMoNbTaVW alloy, which includes coordinated movement of atoms of various grades.

   Conclusion. The development of methods for atomistic simulations of alloys based on refractory metals of the V-Cr-Nb-Mo-Ta-W system and the results of atomistic simulation of ordering and diffusion in CrxMoNbTaVW alloys have shown their importance for explaining and predicting heat resistance caused by diffusion processes in multicomponent alloys at high temperatures.
Age Is a Risk Factor for Olaparib Dose Modification and Discontinuation in Patients With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: INUI HIROAKI , SATO MASAYASU , YOSHIDA HIROYUKI
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, is widely used as maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer. Dose modification, such as dose reduction and treatment interruption, are frequently performed to manage adverse events (AEs) of olaparib. By identifying patients at high risk for dose modification before administration, interventions related to appropriate control of AEs can be implemented. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors of olaparib dose modification and its clinical usefulness. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients with ovarian cancer who received olaparib were included in this retrospective cohort study. Associations between patients’ characteristics and dose modification were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. We also examined whether risk factors of dose modification were associated with treatment discontinuation due to AEs. Results: Twenty-five (41.7%) patients required dose modification. Patients who required dose modification were significantly older (p=0.018) and tended to be more underweight (p=0.078) than those who did not require dose modification. In multivariate analysis, increasing age was significantly associated with dose modification (odds ratio=1.056; 95% confidence interval=1.002-1.112; p=0.034). The optimal cutoff of age as a risk factor for dose modification, calculated from receiver operating characteristic curves, was 65.0 years. Patients aged 65.0 years and older were significantly more likely to discontinue olaparib owing to AEs (p=0.0437). Conclusion: Age is a risk factor of olaparib dose modification due to AEs. Older patients, who frequently require dose modification, are more likely to discontinue olaparib, suggesting that strict management of AEs is particularly necessary in this patient group.
Attempt to Substitute the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® Test by Histopathological Factors and MUC1 Protein Expression
Authors: NOZAKI YUKA , HORIMOTO YOSHIYA , SEMBA RYOKO , UEKI YUKO , ISHIZUKA YUMIKO , ONAGI HIROKO , HAYASHI TAKUO , KAWATE TAKAHIKO , ISHIKAWA TAKASHI , WATANABE JUNICHIRO
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® test (ODx) is a gene profiling assay predicting the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage hormone receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. Meanwhile, to avoid unnecessary financial burden on the patient, many studies have attempted to establish alternatives to ODx using conventional clinicopathological factors, but these have not yet been successful. Thus, we retrospectively investigated clinicopathological factors to establish alternatives to ODx. Patients and Methods: Data from 114 Japanese women who underwent ODx were retrospectively examined to investigate the relationship between ODx recurrence score (RS) and clinicopathological features, including MUC1 staining patterns on immunohistochemical assessment. An RS of 0-25 was defined as low, and 26-100 as high. Results: Ninety patients (79%) had low RS and 24 patients (21%) had high RS. Univariate analysis revealed that low tumor grade, high progesterone receptor (PgR) expression, and low Ki67 labeling index (LI) were significantly associated with low RS (p=0.025, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). Tumors with an apical pattern of MUC1 staining also frequently had a low RS (p=0.024). In multivariate analysis, PgR expression and Ki67 LI were independent factors associated with RS (p<0.001, for both). When the ODx results were categorized with a combination of these two factors, only 2% of the PgR-high and Ki67-low group (one in 51 cases) had a high RS. Conclusion: PgR expression and Ki67 LI were independent factors correlated with RS. MUC1 staining pattern also has the potential to be a useful marker. We believe that it is crucial to continue attempts to identify patients who are unlikely to benefit from ODx.
Cachexia Index Is a Prognostic Indicator in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Systemic Chemotherapy
Authors: MIMURA YOSHIHISA , NAIKI TAKU , SUGIYAMA YOSUKE , TASAKI YOSHIHIKO , ODAGIRI KUNIHIRO , ETANI TOSHIKI , NAGAI TAKASHI , IIDA MOEKO , KIMURA YUKA , ITO NANAMI , HOTTA YUJI , YASUI TAKAHIRO , FURUKAWA-HIBI YOKO
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Cancer cachexia is associated with poor prognosis in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). The objective of the study was to assess the cachexia index (CXI), which is a new indicator assessing the status of cancer cachexia, as a prognostic indicator for mUC patients treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: The study included 55 patients with mUC who underwent GC chemotherapy between 2008 and 2022 as first-line chemotherapy. The CXI at the start of chemotherapy was determined as follows: CXI=(serum albumin × skeletal muscle mass index)/ (neutrophil count/lymphocyte count). Patients were categorized into two groups based on a median CXI value (CXI-high and CXI low). We used Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess the association between the CXI and overall survival (OS). Results: At the start of GC chemotherapy, significant differences were not found in patients' characteristics. The median OS was significantly shorter in the CXI-low group [10.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI)=5.1-12.8)] than in the CXI-high group [22.3 months (95% CI=13.6-NA), p<0.05]. Multivariate analysis revealed that low CXI was a predictor of a poor prognosis [hazard ratio (HR)=2.25, 95% CI=1.12-4.52, p<0.05]. Conclusion: CXI might be useful as a prognostic indicator for patients with mUC undergoing first-line GC chemotherapy.
Challenges and Facilitation Approaches for the Participatory Design of AI-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Rambach Tabea , Gleim Patricia , Mandelartz Sekina , Heizmann Carolin , Kunze Christophe , Kellmeyer Philipp
Published: July 2024

Background

In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of artificial intelligence (AI)–based clinical decision support systems (CDSS). However, there are barriers to the successful implementation of such systems in practice, including the lack of acceptance of these systems. Participatory approaches aim to involve future users in designing applications such as CDSS to be more acceptable, feasible, and fundamentally more relevant for practice. The development of technologies based on AI, however, challenges the process of user involvement and related methods.

Objective

The aim of this review is to summarize and present the main approaches, methods, practices, and specific challenges for participatory research and development of AI-based decision support systems involving clinicians.

Methods

This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute approach to scoping reviews. The search for eligible studies was conducted in the databases MEDLINE via PubMed; ACM Digital Library; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health; and PsycInfo. The following search filters, adapted to each database, were used: Period January 01, 2012, to October 31, 2023, English and German studies only, abstract available. The scoping review will include studies that involve the development, piloting, implementation, and evaluation of AI-based CDSS (hybrid and data-driven AI approaches). Clinical staff must be involved in a participatory manner. Data retrieval will be accompanied by a manual gray literature search. Potential publications will then be exported into reference management software, and duplicates will be removed. Afterward, the obtained set of papers will be transferred into a systematic review management tool. All publications will be screened, extracted, and analyzed: title and abstract screening will be carried out by 2 independent reviewers. Disagreements will be resolved by involving a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool prepared for the study.

Results

This scoping review protocol was registered on March 11, 2023, at the Open Science Framework. The full-text screening had already started at that time. Of the 3,118 studies screened by title and abstract, 31 were included in the full-text screening. Data collection and analysis as well as manuscript preparation are planned for the second and third quarter of 2024. The manuscript should be submitted towards the end of 2024.

Conclusions

This review will describe the current state of knowledge on participatory development of AI-based decision support systems. The aim is to identify knowledge gaps and provide research impetus. It also aims to provide relevant information for policy makers and practitioners.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/58185
The Use of Natural Language Processing Methods in Reddit to Investigate Opioid Use: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Almeida Alexandra , Patton Thomas , Conway Mike , Gupta Amarnath , Strathdee Steffanie A , Bórquez Annick
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The growing availability of big data spontaneously generated by social media platforms allows us to leverage natural language processing (NLP) methods as valuable tools to understand the opioid crisis.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to understand how NLP has been applied to Reddit (Reddit Inc) data to study opioid use.

METHODS

We systematically searched for peer-reviewed studies and conference abstracts in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, ACL Anthology, IEEE Xplore, and Association for Computing Machinery data repositories up to July 19, 2022. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating opioid use, using NLP techniques to analyze the textual corpora, and using Reddit as the social media data source. We were specifically interested in mapping studies’ overarching goals and findings, methodologies and software used, and main limitations.

RESULTS

In total, 30 studies were included, which were classified into 4 nonmutually exclusive overarching goal categories: methodological (n=6, 20% studies), infodemiology (n=22, 73% studies), infoveillance (n=7, 23% studies), and pharmacovigilance (n=3, 10% studies). NLP methods were used to identify content relevant to opioid use among vast quantities of textual data, to establish potential relationships between opioid use patterns or profiles and contextual factors or comorbidities, and to anticipate individuals’ transitions between different opioid-related subreddits, likely revealing progression through opioid use stages. Most studies used an embedding technique (12/30, 40%), prediction or classification approach (12/30, 40%), topic modeling (9/30, 30%), and sentiment analysis (6/30, 20%). The most frequently used programming languages were Python (20/30, 67%) and R (2/30, 7%). Among the studies that reported limitations (20/30, 67%), the most cited was the uncertainty regarding whether redditors participating in these forums were representative of people who use opioids (8/20, 40%). The papers were very recent (28/30, 93%), from 2019 to 2022, with authors from a range of disciplines.

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping review identified a wide variety of NLP techniques and applications used to support surveillance and social media interventions addressing the opioid crisis. Despite the clear potential of these methods to enable the identification of opioid-relevant content in Reddit and its analysis, there are limits to the degree of interpretive meaning that they can provide. Moreover, we identified the need for standardized ethical guidelines to govern the use of Reddit data to safeguard the anonymity and privacy of people using these forums.
Falls Prevention in Rural Communities: A Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Funk Megan , Bacsu Juanita-Dawne , D’Souza Melba Sheila , Virani Anila , Rahemi Zahra , Smith Matthew Lee
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Falls are a critical source of injury, hospitalization, and leave many older adults unable to return home, especially in rural communities with limited healthcare services.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this scoping review is to explore the literature about falls prevention from the perspectives of older adults living within a rural context. This review protocol aims to identify the search parameters and methodology that will be used in the scoping review.

METHODS

This scoping review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s five step methodological framework. We will search for relevant peer-reviewed English language literature from five databases including: CINAHL, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, PsychINFO, and Scopus. The reference lists of relevant articles will be hand-searched to identify articles.

RESULTS

This protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (osf.io/sx8vt) on June 26, 2024. The scoping review’s data collection and analysis will be conducted from September to December 2024. Results from the review will be distributed through publication in a peer-reviewed journal article, conference presentation, webinar, and a rural community workshops.

CONCLUSIONS

Understanding rural older adults’ perspectives of falls prevention is critical to supporting independence and healthy aging in rural communities. This review’s findings about falls prevention may have important implications for rural community leaders, policymakers, and health practitioners working to support falls prevention in rural communities.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable.
Responsive Asthma Care for Teens (ReACT): An Evaluation of the Usability of an Adaptive Mobile Health Intervention for Adolescents with Asthma (Preprint)
Authors: Cushing Christopher , Leslie-Miller Calissa , Koskella-Staples Natalie , Ortega Adrian , Scherbinin Helenna , Prabhakaran Shreekala , Fedele David
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Adolescent asthma is a significant contributor to youth morbidity and is known to be best managed through consistent medication use and symptom management. However, adolescents often struggle to accurately perceive their symptoms and consistently use their medication at the recommended rate, risking worsened symptoms and impaired quality of life. The Responsive Asthma Care for Teens (ReACT) system is a project directed at identifying and supporting the various reasons adolescents may be struggling with asthma management. By integrating both software and hardware elements to monitor medication adherence, ReACT provides a personalized support plan to eventually increase asthma management and subsequently, quality of life.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to conduct a proof-of-concept assessment of the ReACT system following an initial pilot study and adjusting for the feedback received. In addition to assessing the acceptability and usability of the current version, this study aims to assess whether the proposed ReACT system shows indication of improvement in medication adherence as a result of the personalized support plans.

METHODS

Participants in the study were five 15-17 year-old adolescents recruited using a combination of consent-to-contact forms delivered via an in-person asthma clinic and Qualtrics panels. As a part of this study, participants were asked to meet with the study team three times over the course of the month. After completing initial surveys on stress, problem solving, and asthma related quality of life, participants were oriented on the ReACT platform and asked to interact with it as normal. After the month, participants conducted an interview discussing the system and completed surveys assessing their opinions on acceptability and usability.

RESULTS

On a four-point scale, participants reported high acceptability (mean 3), would use ReACT again (mean 4), recommend it to a friend (mean 3.75), and that ReACT was helpful (mean 3.5). At post-intervention adolescents demonstrated pre-post changes in problem-solving ability (Cohen d=0.43), motivation (Cohen d=0.84), and asthma-related stress (school Cohen d=0.91; leisure Cohen d=0.67; responsibility Cohen d=0.56).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest ReACT is an acceptable and usable mHealth intervention to improve adolescent asthma self-management through promising results for improving self-regulation, problem-solving, and ultimately asthma control. As the system continues improving from participant feedback and a larger sample size, ReACT hopes to aid adolescent development while delivering highly personalized support to best aid each individual user.
Bupati or Regent? Martanagara of Bandung 1893–1918
Authors: Pratama Raistiwar
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to unfold the dual roles of being local rulers in Indonesia during early twentieth century by reading closely various collections of colonial archives kept at the National Archives of the Netherlands, contemporary newspapers online provided by Delpher and onsite by the Library of Leiden University, and the autobiography of the man himself written in his own mother tongue, Sundanese. It is a rather common view that the Dutch government had been applied indirect ruling policy, but creative responds of the local rulers towards the one-sided policy were rarely considered to be important. By using concept of “middleman” the dual roles of Martanagara of Bandung might shed a light to understand some local rulers’ perspective. His roles both as regent and bupati put himself between two confusing and different worlds but he managed to do so. Ahead of Max Weber’s three ideal types, Martanagara succeeded applying his own ideal types by serving his foreign rulers and at the same time towards his local inhabitants.
Resisting Colonialism, Reclaiming Identity: The Role of Negritude and Pan-Africanism
Authors: Panda Dr. Asit
Published: July 2024

This article explores Negritude and Pan-Africanism, two pivotal movements that emerged as responses to colonial oppression and the marginalization of African identity. Negritude, originating in the early 20th century, celebrated black culture and heritage as a form of resistance against colonial assimilation. Pan-Africanism, with its broader political scope, sought to unify people of African descent across the globe, advocating for collective self-reliance, cultural pride, and political independence. Through a comparative analysis, the article examines these movements' historical contexts, key figures, and philosophical underpinnings, highlighting their contributions to the assertion of African identity and resistance against imperialism. The enduring impact of Negritude and Pan-Africanism on contemporary African socio-political landscapes is also discussed, demonstrating their shortcomings and relevance in ongoing struggles for equality and empowerment. This study underscores the importance of these movements in shaping a cohesive narrative of resistance and self-assertion within the African diaspora.
Assessing the Impact of Pomegranate Juice on Liver Tissue in Male Rats Exposed to a Commercial Energy Drink
Authors: Al-Muslhi Ayaat Saadi Matar , H. Ali Loay
Published: July 2024

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on some biochemical and histological variables resulting from dosing male rats with the energy drink Red Bull. In this study, 28 white male rats were used, divided into four groups, each involving seven animals, according to the following: G1 was given a physiological solution (5 ml/kg) and a standard diet for 120 days; G2 was given a dose of the energy drink Red Bull (volume 1 ml per 100 g); G3 was given pomegranate juice (5 ml/kg) first; then Red Bull; and G4 was given Red Bull first; and after six weeks, he was given pomegranate juice. The results showed that Red Bull consumption significantly elevated RBS, AST, ALT, TC, and TG levels. Pomegranate juice has the ability to reduce the concentration of RBS, AST, ALT, TC, and TG. Histological changes in the liver of animals that were given the Red Bull energy drink were represented by congestion of the central vein, degeneration, and necrosis of liver cells, with severe infiltration of inflammatory cells and a thick wall of the central vein (TW), as well as amyloid (AM) deposition, compared to the negative control group. The results of the histological examination showed that pomegranate juice could repair cellular tissue in the liver and make it similar to the tissue of a control normal group, denoting the possibility of using it in the diet and in treating atherosclerosis and heart disease. Keywords: Pomegranate juice, liver, rats, energy drink, rat model, atherosclerosis, heart disease.
ANALISIS DANA TRANSFER PEMERINTAH PUSAT DALAM MEMENGARUHI INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI DAERAH OTONOMI KHUSUS
Authors: Nurmansyah Fajar , Tandean Vivi Adeyani
Published: July 2024

This study aims to assess how the allocation of transfer funds from the Central Government to Local Government impacts the Human Development Index (HDI) across Indonesia's autonomous regions. The funds analyzed include the Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DTK), Specific Purpose Grants (DAK), Local Incentive Fund (DID), and Village Fund. The study spans from 2017 to 2022, covering six years following a change in budget classification for the Transfer to Local Government fund. Data was primarily sourced from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) at the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The analysis employs panel data using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) to handle cross-sectional and time-series data. Results indicate a significant positive effect of the Special Allocation Fund (DTK), comprising Specific Purpose Grants (DAK) and Local Incentive Fund (DID), on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesia's autonomous regions, with a p-value below the significance level of 0.05. However, the General Allocation Fund (DAU) shows no significant effect, with a p-value exceeding 0.05. Additionally, the Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH) and Village Fund partially affect the Human Development Index (HDI).
Valuation of Hotel Property in Nsukka Urban, Nigeria: Problems and Countermeasures
Authors: Emeafor Obinna F. , Chikwuado Emenike, Kingsley
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The focal objective of this study is to review valuation of hotel property in nsukka urban, Nigeria: problems and countermeasures, looking at hotel property as a hospitality and tourism facility that requires skills, concepts and technicalities that makes it physically, socially and economically attractive to customers at the same time fulfilling motive for its ownership. The study appraises hotel property and factors that militates it from commanding its proper open market value after valuation. Data were analyzed using scaling radial list analysis (SRLA), secondly, Data was processed by coding using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 software in determining any statistical significance. While descriptive statistics; Chi-square and Pearson r. are method used. It’s in our believe system, that our findings, conclusion and recommendation made from this research study will be a useful tool to hospitalists and tourism professional as well as estate surveyor and valuers and other related professionals in delivering their professional responsibility ensuring that cost value and quality are not compromised
5G Resource Allocation for Efficient Usage of Bandwidth using Machine Learning
Authors: Yousuf Adnan
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The rapid evolution of telecommunications technology has ushered in the era of 5G networks, offering unparalleled speed, minimal latency, and enhanced connectivity. This study comprehensively analyzes the performance of 5G networks, focusing on critical Quality of Service (QoS) metrics and innovative resource allocation strategies. Through meticulous examination and real-world simulations, our research reveals that 5G networks typically achieve a tenfold increase in data transfer rates compared to their 4G counterparts. Moreover, our findings demonstrate a substantial 30% reduction in latency, underscoring the efficiency and responsiveness of 5G technology. Additionally, our investigation delves into advanced resource allocation strategies, introducing a novel approach that optimizes network resources and leads to a 15% enhancement in overall network efficiency. These conclusions are substantiated by empirical data obtained from extensive field tests and simulations, providing compelling evidence of the project's impact on 5G network performance. As global adoption of 5G accelerates, the insights gleaned from this study are poised to shape the future of telecommunications, offering valuable guidance to network operators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders as they navigate towards a more efficient and reliable 5G ecosystem..
Effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) on In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Firat Aysun
Published: July 2024

Objective: Obesity is known to have negative impaction on reproductive health and ovarian functions. It may alter endocrine axis and quality of oocytes, and indirectly effect the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Methods: Medical records of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were applied for IVF between 2018 and 2024 were reviewed. Demographics, indications for reproductive treatment, IVF outcome parameters and the factors contributing to morbidity of treatment were recorded. Student’s test with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and  Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the variables. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: 186 patients with PCOS were divided as lean (BMI<25 kg/m2, control), overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI>30 kg/m2). Mean ages and primary infertility rates were similar (both, p>0.05), but duration of infertility was longer in overweight and obese patients (p<0.05). Although patients with higher BMI required more induction dose for the cycle, number of retrieved oocytes did not change significantly, with achieved chemical and clinical pregnancy (each, p>0.05). Moreover, fertilization rates of transferred oocytes and rates of adverse outcomes during pregnancies were similar in the groups (each, p>0.05). Although overweight and obese patients with PCOS required more gonadotropin induction for IVF cycle (2311 vs 1920 vs 1752 IU, respectively, p<0.05), the numbers of metaphase II and fertilized oocytes were seen to be similar with increasing BMI (each, p>0.05).
Conclusion: There is longer infertility duration and a higher requirement for gonadotropins in overweight and obese patients with no effect of BMI on most of IVF parameters such as retrieved oocyte, clinical pregnancy, obstetric complication and delivery rate.
Autism in Iraqi Children: Investigating the CNTNAP2 rs7794745 Polymorphism in the Middle Euphratesv
Authors: AL-Safar Safa ’a R. , AL-Zubaidy Haydar F. S.
Published: July 2024

Objectives: This study aims to determine if the CNTNAP2 gene polymorphism at the rs7794745 locus is associated with autism spectrumdisorder (ASD) by comparing its frequency in autistic children and healthy controls.
Methods: The case-control study involved a total of 150 samples, comprising 80 individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and 70 healthy children. These participants, both male and female, had an average age of 3.5 ± 3 years for autistic individuals and4.2 ± 3 years for healthy children. Genomic analysis was performed by amplifying and scrutinizing DNA sequences through the utilizationof polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzymes. Specifically, the genotyping of the CNTNAP2 gene at the rs7794745 locus wasaccomplished using the PCR-RFLP method. To facilitate genotyping, the isolation of DNA from peripheral blood cells sourced from healthychildren and patients.
Results: Our findings indicated a statistically non-significant low-frequency distribution (P-value > 0.05) of the rs7794745 SNP in ASDpatients compared to healthy children.
Conclusion: The study’s findings propose that there is no correlation between the rs7794745 polymorphism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Immunological Assessment of Key Biomarkers in Stage III Breast Cancer
Authors: Turki Salwa Ghazi
Published: July 2024

Objective: To investigate the predictive role of some immune parameters in progressive and diagnostic of stage III breast cancer BC patient.
Methods: The study was conducted at Specialized Oncology Center – Tikrit City, and the Oncology of Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad city, Iraq, on 80 blood samples, 50 samples from women with stage III breast cancer, and 30 samples for control group (healthy women), the age range (25–50) year. The collect serum assessed by ELIZA, and the data analyzed by Independent-Samples T test spss. While AUC is measured by MedCalc.
Results: Serum levels of all parameters were dramatically higher in patients group compared to control except in IL-23 which exhibitedslight elevation statically not significant. The (AUC) for the associated ROC curve of CA15-3 (1), TGF-β (1) and IL-10 (1) were the largest.AUC is valuable diagnostic parameters to predict of progressive and diagnostic of the disease, followed by TNF-α (0.997), IL-6 (0.974), IL-17 (0.890), IL-8 (0.838), CTL-4 (0.819) and finally the lowest on was IL-23 (0.616).
Conclusion: Increasing levels of the measured parameters are an essential predictor of progressive and diagnostic of the disease.
Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bawazir Yasser , Mustafa Mohammad , Almusally Bushra , Hassan Rola , Jali Ibtisam , Alsolaimani Roaa , Mukhtar Deyaa A. , Alharazi Mohammed K. , Bokhari Ammar Assadullah
Published: July 2024

Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine various markers in patients with FMS, including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR),platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet distribution width (PDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV).
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,involving the examination of inflammatory markers, such as PDW, NLR, and MPV. The results were evaluated with IBM SPSS version 25, and a P-value of <0.05 was used to reject the null hypothesis.
Results: In total, 396 participants were included in this study: 235 in the FMS group and 161 in the control group. MPV, PDW and NLR values are 10.31 ± 1.6 fL, 124.57 ± 70.0, 2.30 ± 3.2, respectively. The PDW in the control group (12.47 ± 2.5) was significantly higher than that in the FMS group (11.84 ± 2.4) (P = 0.003). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Vitamin D levels (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the control group than in the FMS group, with values of 31.71 and 24.2 and 75.60 and 39.4, respectively. No significant differences were found in MPV and NLR values between the FMS and control groups.
Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that PDW and PLR are important inflammatory markers that may be beneficial in FMSdiagnosis.
Protecting coherence from the environment via Stark many-body localization in a Quantum-Dot Simulator
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Buča Berislav
Published: July 2024

Semiconductor platforms are emerging as a promising architecture for storing and processing quantum information, e.g., in quantum dot spin qubits. However, charge noise coming from interactions between the electrons is a major limiting factor, along with the scalability of many qubits, for a quantum computer. We show that a magnetic field gradient can be implemented in a semiconductor quantum dot array to induce a local quantum coherent dynamical ℓ−bit exhibiting the potential to be used as logical qubits. These dynamical ℓ−bits are responsible for the model being many-body localized. We show that these dynamical ℓ−bits and the corresponding many-body localization are protected from all noises, including phonons, for sufficiently long times if electron-phonon interaction is not non-local. We further show the implementation of thermalization-based self-correcting logical gates. This thermalization-based error correction goes beyond the standard paradigm of decoherence-free and noiseless subsystems. Our work thus opens a new venue for passive quantum error correction in semiconductor-based quantum computers.
Wigner Analysis of Particle Dynamics and Decoherence in Wide Nonharmonic Potentials
Authors: Riera-Campeny Andreu , Roda-Llordes Marc , Grochowski Piotr T. , Romero-Isart Oriol
Published: July 2024

We derive an analytical expression of a Wigner function that approximately describes the time evolution of the one-dimensional motion of a particle in a nonharmonic potential. Our method involves two exact frame transformations, accounting for both the classical dynamics of the centroid of the initial state and the rotation and squeezing about that trajectory. Subsequently, we employ two crucial approximations, namely the constant-angle and linearized-decoherence approximations, upon which our results rely. These approximations are effective in the regime of wide potentials and small fluctuations, namely potentials that enable spatial expansions orders of magnitude larger than the one of the initial state but that remain smaller compared to the relevant dynamical length scale (e.g., the distance between turning points). Our analytical result elucidates the interplay between classical and quantum physics and the impact of decoherence during nonlinear dynamics. This analytical result is instrumental to designing, optimizing, and understanding proposals using nonlinear dynamics to generate macroscopic quantum states of massive particles.