bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychrotrophs in raw milk: effect on texture, proteolysis index, and sensory evaluation of smoked provolone cheese
Authors: Gasparini Gisele B F B , Amorim Franciany R , de Souza Correa Selma , Bruzaroski Samera R , Fagnani Rafael , de Souza Cínthia H B , Damião Bruno C M , de Santana Elsa H W
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Provolone can be fresh or ripened, with its taste varying from sweet to spicy. The high psychrotrophic density of raw milk is associated with thermoresistant enzymes that can change cheese characteristics such as texture, promote sensory defects and decrease industrial yield. Two batches of provolone‐type smoked cheese were produced from chilled raw milk with 3 log cfu mL−1 (Treatment 1) and 7 log cfu mL−1 (Treatment 2) of psychrotrophs. The psychrotrophic (21 °C for 25 h) and physical‐chemical profile of the raw milk were determined. Cheeses were evaluated by fat level, primary and secondary proteolysis index, yield, protein profile (Urea‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and texture (hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, and chewiness) at 14, 30, and 60 days of storage time. Sensorially, the cheeses were evaluated (100 tasters/period) using the triangular test.

RESULTS

The treatments did not influence proteolysis index, although maturation influenced the proteolytic depth index after 60 days. The psychrotrophic population influenced αs1‐ and β‐casein fractions, while maturation time influenced αs1‐ and γ‐casein fractions. Treatment 2 induced a 3% reduction in cheese yield. Hardness and chewiness showed a linear and positive relationship with the milk's psychrotrophic load. There was a significant difference in the fat content of the cheeses, with Treatment 2 having a lower level. The triangular test showed no difference between the cheeses.

CONCLUSION

Although the larger psychrotrophic population in raw milk was associated with superior values of hardness and chewiness, as well as an increase in protein fractions indicating that proteolysis was observed, the tasters did not identify sensorial differences between the cheeses. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Some statistical memes which sound correct but aren't quite: Application to the analysis of observational databases used in learning health systems
Authors: Samsa Gregory P.
Published: February 2020

We consider four memes, correct within the context of randomized trials but requiring modification for the analysis of the observational databases typically associated with learning health systems: (a) the right answer always requires randomization; (b) a bigger database is always a better database; (c) statistical adjustment always works if based on a large enough database; and (d) always make a formal adjustment when testing multiple hypotheses. The rationale for these memes within the context of randomized trials is discussed, and the memes are restated in a fashion that is consistent with learning health systems.
Getting to the core of hard red winter wheat quality
Authors: Blakey Adrienne
Published: February 2020

As the wheat industry works to create more high‐quality food products for consumers, it is necessary for plant breeders to develop new wheat varieties with improved milling and baking characteristics that maximize production efficiency while reducing dependency on vital wheat gluten or other flour additives. The purpose of this study was twofold: (i) to test a popular belief that plant breeding, over time, has gradually produced varieties lacking the necessary characteristics—namely, dough strength—to allow migration from flour additives, and (ii) to perform a specific assessment of gluten compression‐recovery (CORE) analysis as a potential tool for wheat breeding programs to supplement industry‐standard tests such as the farinograph. The farinograph and other recording dough mixers (RDMs) are used to make breeding decisions and are crucial to the success of a breeding program, a farmer's operation, and the milling and baking industries. Through this project, we determined that gluten elasticity, a key metric of CORE analysis, increased at the rate of 1.6% per breeding generation since the introduction of the heirloom variety, Turkey, and thus countering claims that higher yielding varieties lack the gluten strength once present in breeding generations long ago. A second significant finding of this project was that CORE analysis revealed differences in gluten quality among commercial wheat varieties that were more difficult to detect with more traditional, but cumbersome, flour quality tests available through the farinograph, opening up the prospect for wheat researchers to use gluten compression‐recovery analysis as a selection tool in variety development.
Getting along And/Or Getting Ahead: Differential Hexaco Personality Correlates of Likeability and Popularity among Adolescents
Authors: de Vries Reinout E. , Pronk Jeroen , Olthof Tjeert , Goossens Frits A.
Published: February 2020

Getting along (i.e. to be liked) and getting ahead (i.e. to be popular) are two fundamental psychological motives that have important consequences for adolescents’ well–being. Especially antisocial behavioural tendencies, which are less well covered by the Big Five than by the HEXACO model, have been shown to differentially predict likeability and popularity. In this study, possible differential relations between personality and likeability and popularity were investigated using the HEXACO Simplified Personality Inventory and sociometric measures of likeability and popularity among 552 (12 to 14 years old) adolescents. Results showed that agreeableness was the most important likeability predictor, whereas extraversion (positive), openness to experience, honesty–humility, and agreeableness (all three negative) were the most important popularity predictors. Facet–level analyses revealed that selected HEXACO facets (greed avoidance, fearfulness, social boldness, gentleness, prudence, perfectionism, aesthetic appreciation, and altruism) most strongly—and in opposite directions—differentiated in the prediction of likeability and popularity. Furthermore, none of the expected interactions but several masking and cancellation effects were observed. The results, which are also discussed in light of interpersonal circumplex, resource control strategies, hierarchical differentiation, and socioanalytic frameworks, suggest that—among early adolescents—differential personality predictors may make it difficult to both get along and get ahead. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans masked by misdiagnosis as asthma
Authors: Onay Zeynep R. , Ramasli Gursoy Tugba , Aslan Ayse T. , Sismanlar Eyuboglu Tugba , Kibar Busra S. , Pekcan Sevgi , Hangul Melih , Kose Mehmet , Budakoglu Isil I. , Gokturk Bahar
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Asthma and postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) have similar clinical findings, and PIBO may be misdiagnosed with asthma. This study aimed to determine the clinical features of PIBO in children and the causes of delay in its diagnosis.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated all patients diagnosed with PIBO in four pediatric pulmonology centers between 2007 and 2018. In total, 64 PIBO patients were retrospectively reviewed. We compared the clinical and laboratory differences between PIBO patients who had initially been misdiagnosed with asthma and correctly diagnosed with PIBO.

Results

Of the 64 patients, 22 (34.4%) had initially been misdiagnosed with asthma. Adenovirus was the most common infectious agent in children. The age upon diagnosis was older, and the symptom duration was significantly longer in patients misdiagnosed with asthma (P < .05). There were no statistical differences in terms of sex, history of prematurity, duration of hospitalization, treatment, history of oxygen or mechanical ventilation support, pulmonary function test (PFT) results and asthma‐predisposing findings between the two groups (P > .05).

Conclusions

Patients with PIBO who had initially been misdiagnosed with asthma were correctly diagnosed at older ages and had longer symptom duration. Asthma may mask PIBO diagnosis by the similarity of symptoms and the clinical response to inhaled β2‐agonist or steroid treatment. PFTs may not help clinicians because of the age of children. The delay in the diagnosis of PIBO is probably attributable to the fact that some clinicians fail to include PIBO in the differential diagnosis when there is no clinical response to asthma medication.
A New Method to Model and Predict Progression Free Survival Based on Tumor Growth Dynamics
Authors: Yu Jiajie , Wang Nina , Kågedal Matts
Published: February 2020

Progression‐free survival (PFS) has been increasingly used as a primary endpoint for early clinical development. The aim of the present work was to develop a model where target lesion dynamics and risk for nontarget progression are jointly modeled for predicting PFS. The model was developed based on a pooled platinum‐resistant ovarian cancer dataset comprising four different treatments and a wide range of dose levels. The target lesion progression was derived from tumor growth dynamics based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. The nontarget progression hazard was correlated to the first derivative of target lesion tumor size with respect to time. The PFS time was determined by the first occurring event, target lesion progression, or nontarget progression. The final joint model not only captured target lesion tumor growth dynamics but also predicted PFS well. A similar approach can potentially be used to predict PFS in future oncology studies.
Efficient Pharmacokinetic Modeling Workflow With the MonolixSuite: A Case Study of Remifentanil
Authors: Traynard Pauline , Ayral Géraldine , Twarogowska Monika , Chauvin Jonathan
Published: February 2020

MonolixSuite is a software widely used for model‐based drug development. It contains interconnected applications for data visualization, noncompartmental analysis, nonlinear mixed effect modeling, and clinical trial simulations. Its main assets are ease of use via an interactive graphical interface, computation speed, and efficient parameter estimation even for complex models. This tutorial presents a step‐by‐step pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling workflow using MonolixSuite, including how to visualize the data, set up a population PK model, estimate parameters, and diagnose and improve the model incrementally.
Disturbance impacts on porosity and hydraulic properties of vesicular horizons
Authors: Turk Judith K. , Graham Robert C.
Published: February 2020

Rapid formation of vesicular pores has been observed following disturbance of vesicular (V) horizons. This study investigates the post‐disturbance recovery of V horizons and the impact on hydraulic properties. At nine study sites, infiltration rates were measured using a tension disk infiltrometer, and intact samples were collected for analysis using high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography (CT). The V horizon material was then removed, crushed, replaced, and left to recover for 1 yr before repeating the infiltration measurement and CT analysis. Some recovery of vesicular and vugh porosity was observed at all of the study sites. However, the V horizons formed in the first year after disturbance were thinner, with smaller pores, and with a reduction in vesicle and vugh porosity from an average of 2.9% before disturbance to 0.4% after disturbance. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the V horizons was also significantly lowered, from an average of 20 cm d−1prior to disturbance to 6.6 cm d−1at 1 yr after disturbance. Vesicle and vugh porosity formed 1 yr after disturbance was positively correlated with predisturbance vesicle and vugh porosity (R2 = .57;P = 0.02) and sand percentage (R2 = .51;P = .03) and negatively correlated with silt percentage (R2 = .51;P = .03). No relationship was observed between post‐disturbance formation of vesicle and vugh porosity and precipitation events during the recovery period, clay percentage, CaCO3percentage, or saline‐sodic classification. V horizons show incipient development at 1 yr after disturbance, but porosity and hydraulic properties are significantly altered from their undisturbed state.
Breakthrough of 2‐ to 3‐μm scale U–Pb zircon dating using Cameca IMS‐1280HR SIMS
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Xian‐Hua , Li Qiu‐Li , Tang Guo‐Qiang
Published: February 2020

A zircon U–Pb dating method with a high spatial resolution of 2‐ to 3‐μm was successfully implemented by using Cameca IMS‐1280HR SIMS in this study. Homemade cathode and modified intermediate pole were used to improve the intrinsic performance of duoplasmatron ion source. An O− primary beam with intensity of approximately 3 μA and stability of 0.68% over 40 minutes was achieved and could be used continuously for more than 240 hours under high current conditions. Under Gaussian illumination mode, a 2‐ to 3‐μm O− primary beam was obtained with an intensity of approximately 200 pA. Four standard zircons, namely, 91500, Temora, Plešovice, and Qinghu, were dated using the 2‐ to 3‐μm high spatial resolution U–Pb isotopic analysis, yielding U–Pb ages consistent with their recommended values, within errors. Our work shows that zircon U–Pb dating with high accuracy and spatial resolution can be achieved, on the basis of a series of duoplasmatron modification and instrumental optimization.
Formation of High Surface Area Hierarchical Porous Carbon Via a Novel Two Step Activation Process for Fast Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Guangli , Wei Xing , Li Yingying , Mao Wenfeng , Du Guixiang , Zhang Jingbo
Published: February 2020

Produce of hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) materials that process hierarchical structure, high specific surface area and large pore volume is still a global challenge. Here we develop a novel sample two‐step activation method, which introduces Ca(OH)2 at the first step to produce the meso‐macro porous structure and KOH at the second step to create micropores, to synthesize hierarchical porous carbon using tannin extract as processor. Benefited from this method, the synthesized HPC exhibits the specific surface area of 1996.9 cm2 g−1, pore volume of 1.09 cm3 g−1, and hierarchical porous structure with micro‐meso‐macro pores. The prepared HPC with well‐developed mesopores and micropores can provides ideal channels for ion diffusion with low migration resistances, enabling an excellent power density and cycling stability for supercapacitors, and it exhibits the specific capacitance of 248 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 and maintained at 228 F g−1 at 20 A g−1. Tannin extract is cheap, easy to obtain and environmentally friendly, combined with the excellent electrochemical performances and the well‐developed two‐step method, provides a new idea for the preparation of HPC for high performance supercapacitor.
Ultrasensitive Physical, Bio, and Chemical Sensors Derived from 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐D Nanocellulosic Materials
Authors: Dai Lei , Wang Yan , Zou Xuejun , Chen Zhirong , Liu Hong , Ni Yonghao
Published: February 2020

Sensors are of increasing interest since they can be applied to daily life in different areas from various industrial sectors. As a natural nanomaterial, nanocellulose plays a vital role in the development of novel sensors, particularly in the context of constructing multidimensional architectures. This review summarizes the utilization of nanocellulose including cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacterial cellulose for sensor design, mainly focusing on the influence of nanocellulose on the sensing performance of these sensors. Special attention is paid to nanocellulose in different forms (1D, 2D, and 3D) to highlight the impact of nanocellulose constructed structures. The aim is to provide a critical review on the most recent progress (especially after 2017) related to nanocellulose‐containing sensors, since there are significantly increasing research activities in this area. Moreover, the outlook for the development of nanocellulose‐containing sensors is also provided at the end of this work.
Iron‐Gallium and Cobalt‐Gallium Tetraphosphido Complexes
Authors: Ziegler Christoph G. P. , Hennersdorf Felix , Weigand Jan J. , Wolf Robert
Published: February 2020

The synthesis and characterization of two heterobimetallic complexes [K([18]crown‐6){(η4‐C14H10)Fe(μ‐η4:η2‐P4)Ga(nacnac)}] (1) (C14H10 = anthracene) and [K(dme)2{(η4‐C14H10)Co(μ‐η4:η2‐P4)Ga(nacnac)}] (2) with strongly reduced P4 units is reported. Compounds 1 and 2 are prepared by reaction of the gallium(III) complex [(nacnac)Ga(η2‐P4)] (nacnac = CH[CMeN(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]2) with bis(anthracene)ferrate(1–) and ‐cobaltate(1–) salts. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X‐ray crystallography and feature a P4 chain which binds to the transition metal atom via all four P atoms and to the gallium atom via the terminal P atoms. Multinuclear NMR studies on 2 suggest that the molecular structure is preserved in solution.
A new theory framework for the electroweak radiative corrections in Kl3 decays
Authors: Seng Chien-Yeah , Galviz Daniel , Meißner Ulf-G.
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We propose a new theory framework to study the electroweak radiative corrections in Kl3 decays by combining the classic current algebra approach with the modern effective field theory. Under this framework, the most important $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(GFα) radiative corrections are described by a single tensor Tμν involving the time-ordered product between the charged weak current and the electromagnetic current, and all remaining pieces are calculable order-by-order in Chiral Perturbation Theory. We further point out a special advantage in the $$ {K}_{l3}^0 $$

K

l
3

0

channel that it suffers the least impact from the poorly-constrained low-energy constants. This finding may serve as a basis for a more precise extraction of the matrix element Vus in the future.
Semi-discrete optimal transport: a solution procedure for the unsquared Euclidean distance case
Authors: Hartmann Valentin , Schuhmacher Dominic
Published: February 2020

We consider the problem of finding an optimal transport plan between an absolutely continuous measure and a finitely supported measure of the same total mass when the transport cost is the unsquared Euclidean distance. We may think of this problem as closest distance allocation of some resource continuously distributed over Euclidean space to a finite number of processing sites with capacity constraints. This article gives a detailed discussion of the problem, including a comparison with the much better studied case of squared Euclidean cost. We present an algorithm for computing the optimal transport plan, which is similar to the approach for the squared Euclidean cost by Aurenhammer et al. (Algorithmica 20(1):61–76, 1998) and Mérigot (Comput Graph Forum 30(5):1583–1592, 2011). We show the necessary results to make the approach work for the Euclidean cost, evaluate its performance on a set of test cases, and give a number of applications. The later include goodness-of-fit partitions, a novel visual tool for assessing whether a finite sample is consistent with a posited probability density.
6-Gingerol induces cell-cycle G1-phase arrest through AKT–GSK 3β–cyclin D1 pathway in renal-cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Shan , Zhang Haibao , Liu Tianjie , Yang Wenjie , Lv Wei , He Dalin , Guo Peng , Li Lei
Published: February 2020

Purpose

6-Gingerol, a major biochemical and pharmacological active ingredient of ginger, has shown anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities against various cancers. Searching for natural products with fewer side effects for developing adjunctive therapeutic options is necessary.

Methods

The effects of 6-gingerol on proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle in RCC cells were detected by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation assay, and propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively. Western blotting, an immunofluorescence assay, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to assess the expression of relevant proteins. A subcutaneous tumor model was set up to investigate the 6-gingerol effects on tumor growth in vivo, and the pharmacokinetics of 6-gingerol in mice were detected by LC/MS assays.

Results

6-Gingerol treatment exerted time- and dose-dependent inhibition of the growth and colony formation of ACHN, 786-O, and 769-P cells, leading to a concomitant induction of cell-cycle G1-phase arrest and decrease in Ki-67 expression in the cell nucleus. Western-blotting results showed that 6-gingerol reduces phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) Ser 473, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4), and cyclin D1 and, meanwhile, increases glycogen synthase kinase (GSK 3β) protein amount. Furthermore, the efficacy of 6-gingerol was demonstrated in an in vivo murine model of 786-O.

Conclusion

The above results indicate that 6-gingerol can induce cell-cycle arrest and cell-growth inhibition through the AKT–GSK 3β–cyclin D1 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that 6-gingerol should be useful for renal-cell carcinoma treatment.
Increasing the phylogenetic coverage for understanding broad-scale diversity gradients
Authors: Peters Marcell K. , Classen Alice , Müller Jörg , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf
Published: February 2020

Despite decades of scientific effort, there is still no consensus on the determinants of broad-scale gradients of animal diversity. We argue that general drivers of diversity are unlikely to be found among the narrowly defined taxa which are typically analyzed in studies of broad-scale diversity gradients because ecological niches evolve largely conservatively. This causes constraints in the use of available niche space leading to systematic differences in diversity gradients among taxa. We instead advocate studies of phylogenetically diverse animal communities along broad environmental gradients. Such multi-taxa communities are less constrained in resource use and diversification and may be better targets for testing major classical hypotheses on diversity gradients. Besides increasing the spatial scale in analyses, expanding the phylogenetic coverage may be a second way to achieve higher levels of generality in studies of broad-scale diversity gradients.
Phage vB_BveM-Goe7 represents a new genus in the subfamily Bastillevirinae
Authors: Furrer Alexandra Dominique , Bömeke Mechthild , Hoppert Michael , Hertel Robert
Published: February 2020

Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming rhizobacterium that is associated with plant roots and promotes plant growth. It was used as host to isolate phage vB_BveM-Goe7 (Goe7). Goe7 exhibits a Myoviridae morphology with a contractile tail and an icosahedral head. Its genome is 158,674 bp in size and contains 5137-bp-long terminal repeats (LTRs). It also contains five tRNA-encoding genes and 251 coding DNA sequences (CDS), of which 65 were annotated. The adsorption constant of Goe7 is 6.1 ± 0.24 × 10−8 ml/min, with a latency period of 75 min and a burst size of 114 particles per burst. A BLASTn sequence comparison against the non-redundant nucleotide database of NCBI revealed that Goe7 is most similar to Bacillus subtilis phage vB_BsuM-Goe3.
XEN Gel Stent in the management of primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Post Michał , Lubiński Wojciech , Śliwiak Dominik , Podborączyńska-Jodko Karolina , Mularczyk Maciej
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To assess the efficacy and safety of the XEN Gel Stent in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Materials and methods

Twenty eyes of 17 patients (6 males, 11 females) with primary open-angle glaucoma were implanted with XEN Gel Stent. The following data were ascertained in each participant at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months following implanting procedure: intraocular pressure, number of anti-glaucoma medications, retinal sensitivity (PS 24/2 w/w), pattern electroretinogram (ISCEV standard), as well as the number of complications.

Results

The mean intraocular pressure reduction in a 1-year follow-up was 18% (21.56 vs. 17.69 mmHg, p < 0.001). The mean number of anti-glaucoma medications was reduced from 3.2 to 1.6 (p = 0.001). The PERG parameters at baseline and at 12 months postoperatively included a stable amplitude of P50 (2.55 µV vs. 2.65 µV, p = 0.024) and N95 (3.45 µV vs. 3.38 µV, p = ns) waves. The delta N95 and delta P50 amplitudes remained stable over the follow-up period (p = ns). The mean deviation (MD) of PS 24/2 was − 6.54 dB vs. − 8.43 dB, p = ns, whereas the pattern standard deviation (PSD) was 6.18 dB vs. 6.91 dB, p = ns. Transient hypotony within the first postoperative week occurred in 18 eyes (90%), whereas hyphema occurred in two eyes (10%). Needle revision of a filtration bleb was performed in five eyes (25%).

Conclusions

The XEN Gel Stent enables significant reduction in intraocular pressure with very low complication rates. It ensures a stabilization of the retinal function as established with the PERG.
Bacterial etiology of necrotic spots on leaves and shoots of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Poland
Authors: Mikiciński Artur , Puławska Joanna , Kałużna Monika , Trzciński Paweł , Wąsikowski Aleksander , Sobiczewski Piotr
Published: February 2020

Dark brown, spotted necrotic areas were observed on the leaves and young shoots of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) plants of cvs. Fanny and Muscat Bleu growing on plantations in Central Poland. From 35 samples of symptomatic leaf and young shoot tissues, 70 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 16 induced HR on tobacco leaves, but only two showed pectolytic activity on potato tubers and CVP medium. Pathogenicity tests performed with seven selected isolates, including the two pectolytic isolates, on young leaves of grapes cv. Fanny resulted in similar symptoms to those of the plants from which they originated and inoculated bacteria could be re-isolated, confirming Koch’s postulates. Using phenotypic tests,analysis of 16S rDNA, housekeeping genes sequences and PCR tests forsyrBandsyrDgenes presence, five of the isolates were identified asPseudomonas syringaepv.syringae, and the two pectolytic isolates asXanthomonas arboricola.
Using lead isotope ratios to distinguish between samples of diffrent uranium mines
Authors: Kupi Tebogo Gilbert , Uushona Vera , Mathuthu Manny , Coetzee Marthie , van Tonder Danel
Published: February 2020

abstract

In this work, a total of twenty samples selected for investigation originate from South Africa and Namibia uranium mines. The aim of this study was to determine whether the lead ratios measured in particular samples could be used to attribute the uranium sample to the production or reprocessing plant. Measurements were carried out using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer PerkinElmer NexION 2000. The precision obtained for the 208Pb/206Pb ratio, the 207Pb/206Pb ratio and the 204Pb/206Pb ratio values was considerably lower than 0.02% demonstrating the applicability of the technique for Pb isotope ratio studies.
No commitment to the truth
Authors: Eder Anna-Maria A.
Published: February 2020

On an evidentialist position, it is epistemically rational for us to believe propositions that are (stably) supported by our total evidence. We are epistemically permitted to believe such propositions, and perhaps even ought to do so. Epistemic rationality is normative. One popular way to explain the normativity appeals to epistemic teleology. The primary aim of this article is to argue that appeals to epistemic teleology do not support that we ought to believe what is rational to believe, only that we are permitted to do so. In arguing for that, I defend an epistemic teleological position that is radical in nature. It involves no commitment to aiming at the truth. I conclude by dispelling some worries that have been raised about my position.
Bioassessment of benthic macroinvertebrates in wetlands: a paired comparison of two standardized sampling protocols
Authors: Hanisch Justin R. , Connor Stephanie J. , Scrimgeour Garry J. , Cobbaert Danielle
Published: February 2020

We compared a rapid bioassessment protocol (Traveling Sweep Approach [TSA]) with a more conventional time intensive protocol (Composite Transect Approach [CTA]) to describe macroinvertebrates in wetlands in Alberta, Canada. We collected one macroinvertebrate sample using each protocol from 16 wetlands and compared abundance, catch per unit effort, and relative abundance between sample protocols. We also quantified and compared the logistics required to implement each protocol. The macroinvertebrate communities differed statistically between protocols for all three response variables; however, the differences were generally small and communities similar. The CTA protocol tended to yield higher variability in the samples, likely driven by the way these samples are collected and composited, which may introduce an unwanted source of variation when the primary monitoring objective is to assess effects of human activities over time and between sites. The CTA protocol also required significantly greater investment of time (ca. 50% greater processing time), money (ca. 1.9 times sample processing cost), and resources to execute (e.g., requirement for watercraft). Both protocols provided adequate characterization of macroinvertebrate communities in wetlands, but differences in variability and resources for deployment and processing are important considerations when choosing a sampling protocol. The rapid time-limited sweep protocol (TSA) appears to be a viable monitoring approach given that macroinvertebrate communities identified by each protocol were relatively similar but were collected using the TSA protocol at a lower cost.
Review of concepts in therapeutic decision-making in HER2-negative luminal metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Alvarez-Lopez I. , Bezares S. , Dalmau Portulas E. , García-Martínez E. , García-Sáenz J. Á. , Gil-Gil M. , Martínez de Dueñas E. , Ribelles N. , Santaballa Bertrán A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) requires a therapeutic approach that takes into account multiple factors, with treatment being based on anti-estrogen hormone therapy (HT). As consensus documents are valuable tools that assist in the decision-making process for establishing clinical strategies and optimize the delivery of health services, this consensus document has been created with the aim of developing recommendations on cretiera for hormone sensitivity and resistance in HER2-negative luminal MBC and facilitating clinical decision-making.

Methods

This consensus document was generated using a modification of the RAND/UCLA methodology, which included the definition of the project and identification of issues of interest, a non-exhaustive systematic review of the literature, an analysis and synthesis of the scientific evidence, preparation of recommendations, and external evaluation with a panel of 64 medical oncologists specializing in breast cancer.

Results

A Spanish panel of experts reached consensus on 32 of the 32 recommendations/conclusions presented in the first round and were accepted with an approval rate of 100% about definition of metastatic disease not susceptible to local curative treatment, definition of hormone sensitivity and hormone resistance in metastatic luminal disease and therapeutic decision-making.

Conclusion

We have developed a consensus document with recommendations on the treatment of patients with HER2-negative luminal MBC that will help to improve therapeutic benefits.
Geometric Properties of Measures Related to Holomorphic Functions Having Positive Imaginary or Real Part
Authors: Luger Annemarie , Nedic Mitja
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we study the properties of a certain class of Borel measures on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

that arise in the integral representation of Herglotz–Nevanlinna functions. In particular, we find that restrictions to certain hyperplanes are of a surprisingly simple form and show that the supports of such measures cannot lie within particular geometric regions, e.g., strips with positive slope. Corresponding results are derived for measures on the unit poly-torus with vanishing mixed Fourier coefficients. These measures are closely related to functions mapping the unit polydisk analytically into the right half-plane.
Radiation Oncology Training in Poland: Multi-institutional Survey
Authors: Napieralska Aleksandra , Tomasik Bartłomiej , Spałek Mateusz , Chyrek Artur , Fijuth Jacek
Published: February 2020

To evaluate the quality of radiation oncology training in Poland and to identify difficulties and needs of radiation oncology trainees (ROTs), an anonymous online survey using Google Forms was conducted in November 2018. All ROTs from Poland (n = 154) were invited to complete the survey. The survey consisted of 30 questions and regarded aspects such as satisfaction from training, cooperation with the supervisor, and education. During the study period, 105 ROTs from 22 Polish cities responded (the response rate was 68%). Almost 85% were satisfied with the choice of specialty, 43% with training and 81% with the teaching place. Clinical cooperation with the supervisor was described as difficult by 25%. With education, 38% of responders experienced obstacles and another 25% stated that educational cooperation with their supervisor was none. “Good practice” understood as treatment according to the latest guidelines or internal protocols were reported by 71%. Obligatory traineeships were shorter than recommended according to 67% of the responders, usually due to shortage of medical staff. Almost two-thirds of ROTs work only in clinics, while 34% perform both clinical and scientific work. The responders suggested that the introduction of organ-specified courses is an appropriate modification of the current program. Noteworthy, current diagnostic imaging and physics courses are not sufficient for the majority of participants (81% and 80%, respectively). Radiation oncology training is conducted relatively well in Poland. Some hospitals need to improve clinical and educational cooperation between trainees and their supervisors.
Women and Gender in the Mines: Challenging Masculinity Through History: An Introduction
Authors: Romano Rossana Barragán , Papastefanaki Leda
Published: February 2020

The role of women as mineworkers and as household workers has been erased. Here, we challenge the masculinity associated with the mines, taking a longer-term and a global labour history perspective. We foreground the importance of women as mineworkers in different parts of the world since the early modern period and analyse the changes introduced in coal mining in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the masculinization and mechanization, and the growing importance of women in contemporary artisanal and small-scale mining. The effect of protective laws and the exclusion of women from underground tasks was to restrict women's work more to the household, which played a pivotal role in mining communities but is insufficiently recognized. This process of “de-labourization” of women's work was closely connected with the distinction between productive and unproductive labour. This introductory article therefore centres on the important work carried out in the household by women and children. Finally, we present the three articles in this Special Theme and discuss how each of them is in dialogue with the topics addressed here. Many thanks also to Marie-José Spreeuwenberg for her invaluable engagement.
Social structure and demography of a remnant Asian elephantElephas maximuspopulation and the implications for survival
Authors: Hale Lauren J. , Shi Kun , Gilbert Tania C. , Peh Kelvin S.-H. , Riordan Philip
Published: February 2020

The Asian elephantElephas maximusis at risk of extinction as a result of anthropogenic pressures, and remaining populations are often small and fragmented remnants, occupying a fraction of the species' former range. Once widely distributed across China, only a maximum of 245 elephants are estimated to survive across seven small populations. We assessed the Asian elephant population in Nangunhe National Nature Reserve in Lincang Prefecture, China, using camera traps during May–July 2017, to estimate the population size and structure of this genetically important population. Although detection probability was low (0.31), we estimated a total population size of c. 20 individuals, and an effective density of 0.39 elephants per km2. Social structure indicated a strong sex ratio bias towards females, with only one adult male detected within the population. Most of the elephants associated as one herd but three adult females remained separate from the herd throughout the trapping period. These results highlight the fragility of remnant elephant populations such as Nangunhe and we suggest options such as a managed metapopulation approach for their continued survival in China and more widely.
Inhibitory components of retinal bipolar cell receptive fields are differentially modulated by dopamine D1 receptors
Authors: Mazade Reece E. , Eggers Erika D.
Published: February 2020

During adaptation to an increase in environmental luminance, retinal signaling adjustments are mediated by the neuromodulator dopamine. Retinal dopamine is released with light and can affect center-surround receptive fields, the coupling state between neurons, and inhibitory pathways through inhibitory receptors and neurotransmitter release. While the inhibitory receptive field surround of bipolar cells becomes narrower and weaker during light adaptation, it is unknown how dopamine affects bipolar cell surrounds. If dopamine and light have similar effects, it would suggest that dopamine could be a mechanism for light-adapted changes. We tested the hypothesis that dopamine D1 receptor activation is sufficient to elicit the magnitude of light-adapted reductions in inhibitory bipolar cell surrounds. Surrounds were measured from OFF bipolar cells in dark-adapted mouse retinas while stimulating D1 receptors, which are located on bipolar, horizontal, and inhibitory amacrine cells. The D1 agonist SKF-38393 narrowed and weakened OFF bipolar cell inhibitory receptive fields but not to the same extent as with light adaptation. However, the receptive field surround reductions differed between the glycinergic and GABAergic components of the receptive field. GABAergic inhibitory strength was reduced only at the edges of the surround, while glycinergic inhibitory strength was reduced across the whole receptive field. These results expand the role of retinal dopamine to include modulation of bipolar cell receptive field surrounds. Additionally, our results suggest that D1 receptor pathways may be a mechanism for the light-adapted weakening of glycinergic surround inputs and the furthest wide-field GABAergic inputs to bipolar cells. However, remaining differences between light-adapted and D1 receptor–activated inhibition demonstrate that non-D1 receptor mechanisms are necessary to elicit the full effect of light adaptation on inhibitory surrounds.
MUSIC, MORALITY AND SYMPATHY IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH SERMON
Authors: LEE JONATHAN RHODES
Published: February 2020

While the furrows of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century religious writing on music have been deeply ploughed, eighteenth-century English sermons about music have received relatively slight scholarly attention. This article demonstrates that the ideas of sympathy and sensibility characteristic of so much eighteenth-century thought are vital to understanding these sermons. There is an evolution in this literature of the notion of sympathy and its link to musical morality, a development in the attitude towards music among clergy, with this art of sympathetic vibrations receiving ever higher approbation during the century's middle decades. By the time that Adam Smith was articulating hisTheory of Moral Sentiments(1759) and Handel's oratorios stood as a fixture of English musical life, religious thinkers had cast off old concerns about music's sensuality. They came to embrace a philosophy that accepted music as moral simply because it made humankind feel, and in turn accepted feeling as the root of all sociable experience. This understanding places the music sermon of the eighteenth century within the context of some of the most discussed philosophical, social, literary, musical and moral-aesthetic concepts of the time.
MUSICAL EXPRESSION: LESSONS FROM THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY?
Authors: VARWIG BETTINA
Published: February 2020

This article outlines a number of potential contributions that a consideration of early eighteenth-century conceptions of musical expressivity might make to certain present-day philosophical and psychological accounts of musical emotions and their expression. Taking as its central case study a performance by Christian Gerhaher in Peter Sellars's 2014 staging of J. S. Bach'sSt John Passion, the article calls for closer attention to both the historical specifics of music's expressive capacities and the corporeal dimension of performance (past and present). It argues that a more sustained engagement with these domains can productively complicate some fundamental assumptions that underpin current approaches to musical expression.
Dual energy metabolism of the Campylobacterota endosymbiont in the chemosynthetic snail Alviniconcha marisindica
Authors: Miyazaki Junichi , Ikuta Tetsuro , Watsuji Tomo-o , Abe Mariko , Yamamoto Masahiro , Nakagawa Satoshi , Takaki Yoshihiro , Nakamura Kentaro , Takai Ken
Published: February 2020

Some deep-sea chemosynthetic invertebrates and their symbiotic bacteria can use molecular hydrogen (H2) as their energy source. However, how much the chemosynthetic holobiont (endosymbiont-host association) physiologically depends on H2 oxidation has not yet been determined. Here, we demonstrate that the Campylobacterota endosymbionts of the gastropod Alviniconcha marisindica in the Kairei and Edmond fields (kAlv and eAlv populations, respectively) of the Indian Ocean, utilize H2 in response to their physical and environmental H2 conditions, although the 16S rRNA gene sequence of both the endosymbionts shared 99.6% identity. A thermodynamic calculation using in situ H2 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations indicated that chemosynthetic symbiosis could be supported by metabolic energy via H2 oxidation, particularly for the kAlv holobiont. Metabolic activity measurements showed that both the living individuals and the gill tissues consumed H2 and H2S at similar levels. Moreover, a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative transcript analyses, and enzymatic activity measurements showed that the kAlv endosymbiont expressed the genes and enzymes for both H2- and sulfur-oxidations. These results suggest that both H2 and H2S could serve as the primary energy sources for the kAlv holobiont. The eAlv holobiont had the ability to utilize H2, but the gene expression and enzyme activity for hydrogenases were much lower than for sulfur-oxidation enzymes. These results suggest that the energy acquisitions of A. marisindica holobionts are dependent on H2- and sulfur-oxidation in the H2-enriched Kairei field and that the mechanism of dual metabolism is controlled by the in situ H2 concentration.
Correction: Lung epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles activate macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses via ROCK1 pathway
Authors: Moon H. -G. , Cao Y. , Yang J. , Lee J. H. , Choi H. S. , Jin Y.
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Advanced tsunami detection and forecasting by radar on unconventional airborne observing platforms
Authors: Mulia Iyan E. , Hirobe Tomoyuki , Inazu Daisuke , Endoh Takahiro , Niwa Yoshihiro , Gusman Aditya Riadi , Tatehata Hidee , Waseda Takuji , Hibiya Toshiyuki
Published: February 2020

Sustaining an accurate, timely, and global tsunami forecast system remains a challenge for scientific communities. To this end, various viable geophysical monitoring devices have been deployed. However, it is difficult to implement new observation networks in other regions and maintaining the existing systems is costly. This study proposes a new and complementary approach to monitoring the tsunami using existing moving platforms. The proposed system consists of a radar altimeter, Global Navigation Satellite Systems receiver, and an adequate communication link on airborne platforms such as commercial airplanes, drones, or dedicated high-speed aircraft, and a data assimilation module with a deterministic model. We demonstrated, through twin-data experiment, the feasibility of the proposed system in forecasting tsunami at the Nankai Trough of Japan. Our results demonstrated the potential of an airborne tsunami observation as a viable future technology through proxy observations and rigorous numerical experiments. The wide coverage of the tsunamigenic regions without a new observation network is an advantage while various regulatory constraints need to be overcome. This study offered a novel perspective on the developments in tsunami detection and forecasting technology. Such multi-purpose observation using existing platforms provides a promising and practical solution in establishing sustainable observational networks.
DNA methylation landscape of triple-negative ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) progressing to the invasive stage in canine breast cancer
Authors: Beetch Megan , Harandi-Zadeh Sadaf , Yang Tony , Boycott Cayla , Chen Yihang , Stefanska Barbara , Mohammed Sulma I.
Published: February 2020

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer unresponsive to traditional receptor-targeted treatments, leading to a disproportionate number of deaths. Invasive breast cancer is believed to evolve from non-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Detection of triple-negative DCIS (TN-DCIS) is challenging, therefore strategies to study molecular events governing progression of pre-invasive TN-DCIS to invasive TNBC are needed. Here, we study a canine TN-DCIS progression and investigate the DNA methylation landscape of normal breast tissue, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), DCIS and invasive breast cancer. We report hypo- and hypermethylation of genes within functional categories related to cancer such as transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, signal transduction, and cell migration. DNA methylation changes associated with cancer-related genes become more pronounced at invasive breast cancer stage. Importantly, we identify invasive-only and DCIS-specific DNA methylation alterations that could potentially determine which lesions progress to invasive cancer and which could remain as pre-invasive DCIS. Changes in DNA methylation during TN-DCIS progression in this canine model correspond with gene expression patterns in human breast tissues. This study provides evidence for utilizing methylation status of gene candidates to define late-stage (DCIS and invasive), invasive stage only or DCIS stage only of TN-DCIS progression.