bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete Made of Different Alkaline Activators
Authors: Hamed Yasmin R. , Keshta Mostafa M. , Elshikh Mohamed M. Yousry , Elshami Ahmed A. , Matthana Mohamed H. S. , Youssf Osama
Published: February 2025

A major challenge in modern infrastructure is the excessive reliance on traditional Portland cement, which contributes significantly to environmental degradation and durability issues. This study addresses the need for sustainable and durable construction materials by investigating geopolymer concrete as an eco-friendly alternative, optimizing its mechanical and microstructural properties to enhance long-term performance in infrastructure applications. The performance of sustainable geopolymer concrete made with silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) and utilizing different alkaline activators (AAs) was examined in this study. The alkaline activators included sodium hydroxide (SH), potassium hydroxide (PH), and sodium silicate (SS) solutions. A total of twelve geopolymer concrete mixes were prepared and evaluated. The study considered several variables, including SF content (ranging from 10% to 100%), type of AA (SH+SS or PH+SS), AA concentration, and the AA to cementitious materials (AA/C) ratio. Workability, compressive strength, bending strength, tensile strength, and water absorption were among the mechanical characteristics of the concrete that were assessed, both in fresh and hardened states of the proposed concrete. The geopolymer concrete microstructure was also examined by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations on a few chosen mixes. The findings showed that when SF content was 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% as a replacement of FA, the concrete slump rose by 10%, 15%, 15%, and 120%, respectively. However, the compressive strength was increased only with up to 20% SF. Geopolymer concrete with PH as the alkaline activator exhibited up to 13% lower compressive strength compared to SH. The geopolymer concrete microstructure was influenced by the presence of SF, leading to the formation of ettringite. Some FA particles that remained unreacted or were only partially reacted, along with voids, were observed. The findings from this study contribute to the development of sustainable geopolymer concrete, offering a promising solution for green structural applications.
Lippia sidoides Cham. Compounds Induce Biochemical Defense Mechanisms Against Curvularia lunata sp. in Maize Plants
Authors: Dias Bruna Leticia , Ferreira Talita Pereira de Souza , Dalcin Mateus Sunti , Mourão Dalmarcia de Souza Carlos , Fernandes Paulo Ricardo de Sena , Neitzke Taila Renata , Oliveira João Victor de Almeida , Dias Tiago , Jumbo Luis Oswaldo Viteri , de Oliveira Eugênio Eduardo , Santos Gil Rodrigues dos
Published: February 2025

Corn (Zea mays L.) productivity is often compromised by phytosanitary challenges, with fungal disease like Curvularia leaf spot being particularly significant. While synthetic fungicides are commonly used, there is growing interest in exploring alternative compounds that are effective against pathogens, ensure food safety, and have low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this study, we examined the biochemical changes in corn plants treated with Lippia sidoides essential oil and its major compound, thymol. Both treatments serve as preventive measures for inoculated plants and induced resistance. We tested five concentrations of each product in in vivo experiments. After evaluating the area under the disease progress curve, we analyzed leaf samples for enzymatic activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and chitinase. Phytoalexin induction was assessed using soybean cotyledons and sorghum mesocotyls. Cytotoxicity tests revealed lower toxicity at concentrations below 50 µL/mL. Both essential oil and thymol stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species, with thymol primarily activating catalase and L. sidoides oil increasing ascorbate peroxidase levels. Both thymol and L. sidoides were also key activators of chitinase. These findings suggest that L. sidoides essential oil and thymol are promising candidates for developing biological control products to enhance plant defense against pathogens.
Chronic Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Cohort Study
Authors: Kwon Mi Jung , Kang Ho Suk , Choi Hyo Geun , Kim Joo Hee , Yoo Dae Myoung , Lee Na Eun , Han Kyeong Min , Bang Woo Jin
Published: February 2025

Objective: The association between periodontitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been controversial. This study aimed to estimate the association between recurrent periodontitis episodes and the occurrence of BPH in an adult male population in Korea. Methods: This study analyzed data from 79,497 matched cases and controls to examine the relationship between periodontitis and BPH, using Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for confounding factors. Results: The odds of BPH were significantly higher for participants with periodontitis ≥ 1 within 1 year (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.31–1.37), particularly in low-income individuals (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.38–1.48). Increased periodontitis frequency (≥2 or ≥3 within 1 year) and a CCI score ≥ 2 were associated with progressively higher odds of BPH, indicating that periodontitis may be a significant risk factor for BPH, with variations depending on socioeconomic and health status. Conclusions: The occurrence of BPH was higher in participants with a history of recurrent periodontitis episodes, with stronger associations observed in those with low income or multiple comorbidities. Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of BPH in patients with recurrent periodontitis episodes. This study’s retrospective design, reliance on ICD-10 codes without details on disease severity, and focus on Korean citizens over 40 limit its ability to establish causality and generalizability to other populations and age groups, which should be considered when interpreting the findings.
The Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Cardio Training for Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jagsz Sławomir , Sikora Marcin
Published: February 2025

Background: Obesity is a growing public health issue, increasing the risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity is a key factor in obesity treatment; however, the effectiveness of different exercise modalities remains unclear, especially considering age-related physiological differences. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are two commonly recommended strategies, but their impact on fat reduction across different age groups has not been thoroughly analyzed. This study aims to determine which training modality is most effective for fat reduction in individuals with obesity, considering age as a crucial factor in exercise response. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, analyzing studies published between 2014 and 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on the studies comparing HIIT and MICT effects on body composition in obese individuals of different age groups. The data extraction included training protocols, fat mass reduction, and adherence levels. The primary outcomes measured changes in body fat percentage and muscle mass retention. Results: HIIT was found to be most effective for younger individuals (18–30 years), promoting fat oxidation and muscle retention. In middle-aged adults (31–40 years), both HIIT and MICT yielded similar benefits, with MICT preferred due to better adherence. In older adults (41–60 years), MICT provided a more sustainable strategy for fat reduction and muscle preservation. However, the variability across the studies limits definitive conclusions. Conclusions: Age influences the effectiveness of HIIT and MICT for obesity treatment, highlighting the need for age-specific exercise recommendations. Future studies should standardize training protocols and assess long-term metabolic adaptations to optimize physical activity guidelines.
Hemolytic Anemia Linked to Epstein–Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Meloni Dario F. , Faré Pietro B. , Milani Gregorio P. , Lava Sebastiano A. G. , Bianchetti Mario G. , Renzi Samuele , Bertacchi Massimiliano , Kottanattu Lisa , Bronz Gabriel , Camozzi Pietro
Published: February 2025

Background: In Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis, hemolytic anemia occasionally occurs. Methods: To characterize hemolytic anemia linked to Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis, we performed a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42024597183) in the United States National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science with no restrictions on language. Only reports published since 1970 were included. Eligible were reports describing hemolytic anemia in subjects with clinical signs and microbiological markers of Epstein–Barr virus mononucleosis. Results: In the literature, we detected 56 reports released between 1973 and 2024, documenting 60 individuals (32 females and 28 males; 27 children and 33 adults) with hemolytic anemia linked to Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. The mechanism underlying anemia was categorized as cold-antibody-mediated (N = 31; 52%), warm-antibody-mediated (N = 18, 30%), mixed warm- and cold-antibody-mediated (N = 4; 6.7%), or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (N = 2; 3.3%). The remaining 5 cases (8.3%) remained unclassified. Observation alone was the chosen approach in 23% of cases (N = 14). Steroids (67%; N = 40) and blood transfusions (38%; N = 23) were the most commonly used treatment, while plasma exchange, intravenous polyclonal immunoglobulin, rituximab, and splenectomy were used less frequently. Observation was slightly but significantly (p = 0.032) more common in cases of cold-antibody-mediated anemia compared to all other cases combined. Patients recovered a median of 28 [interquartile range 21–39] days after disease onset. Two patients with warm-antibody-mediated hemolytic anemia died. Conclusions: This literature review points out that Epstein–Barr virus, like Mycoplasma pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may act as a trigger for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.
Injective Therapies for Managing Sacroiliac Joint Pain in Spondyloarthropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cerasoli Tosca , Filardo Giuseppe , Favero Antongiulio , Rinaldi Vito Gaetano , Di Maio Laura , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: February 2025

Background: The most effective treatment approach for sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain in spondyloarthropathy (SpA) patients remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of different injective therapies for SIJ pain in SpA patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted up to January 2024. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies in English, including comparative and non-comparative studies, and case series. A meta-analysis was performed on the available data. The “Checklist for Measuring Quality” by Downs and Black was used to evaluate the quality of included papers. Results: A total of 17 studies involving 494 patients were included: 12 prospective case series, 1 retrospective comparative study, 2 prospective comparative studies, and 2 randomized controlled trials. Steroid injections were analyzed in 15 studies, etanercept in 1, and infliximab in 1. A meta-analysis of 375 patients receiving steroid injections showed a significant reduction in visual analog scale (VAS) scores from 8.2 pre-treatment to 3.2 (p < 0.001) at short-term follow-up, with stability at mid-term follow-up (VAS 3.3, p < 0.001) and worsening at the last follow-up (VAS 5.1, p < 0.001). The failure rate was 13% (p = 0.019), and one study reported a 12.5% complication rate. Biologic therapies showed no complications or failures, with improvements in both VAS and BASDAI scores. Conclusions: Intra-articular steroid injections are effective and safe for SIJ pain in SpA patients, although their efficacy diminishes over time, and not all patients respond to treatment. Biologic therapies have shown promising results, but further research is needed to confirm their long-term efficacy.
Variability in Corneal and Epithelial Pachymetry: A Comparison of Optopol Revo 130 and Optovue RTV XR Avanti in Healthy Patients
Authors: Wylęgała Edward , Kryszan Katarzyna , Rogacz Kamila , Bujała Katarzyna , Dugiełło Bogdan , Woźniak Przemysław , Wylęgała Adam
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The accurate measurement of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) and pachymetry is essential for diagnosing and managing corneal conditions such as keratoconus and for optimizing outcomes in refractive surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement and repeatability of measurements between two anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) devices—OCT REVO FC 130 and Optovue RTV XR Avanti—in healthy individuals. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study included 53 healthy participants. High-quality scans were performed using both devices by two trained operators. Agreement between devices was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis and Deming regression, while repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and test–retest variability (TRT). Results: Both devices demonstrated high repeatability and reproducibility across central and peripheral zones, with ICCs exceeding 0.98 for central pachymetry and stroma measurements. Repeatability and reproducibility were slightly higher for the OCT REVO FC 130 compared to the Optovue RTV XR Avanti, particularly for central measurements. Bland–Altman analysis revealed a mean difference near zero with narrow limits of agreement for most parameters, indicating strong inter-device agreement. Variability in CET measurements was higher, potentially due to the inclusion of tear film in OCT segmentation. Conclusions: The OCT REVO FC 130 and Optovue RTV XR Avanti offer comparable reliability and precision for corneal thickness measurements in healthy eyes, with the REVO demonstrating slightly better repeatability and reproducibility. These findings support the use of either device in clinical practice and research for corneal assessment.
High Risk of Revision Associated with the L-Cup Titanium Alloy Porous Coated Acetabular Component in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Minimum Follow-Up of 14 Years
Authors: Drobniewski Marek , Ruzik Kacper , Gonera Bartosz , Olewnik Łukasz , Borowski Adam , Triantafyllou George , Borowski Andrzej
Published: February 2025

Background: Hip joint pain due to arthritis is a prevalent issue in adults, often necessitating surgical intervention such as total hip arthroplasty (THA). This procedure has been celebrated for its reliability; however, successful outcomes depend on numerous factors. Current advancements are focused on improving implant design and surgical methodologies. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical and functional outcomes of uncemented total hip arthroplasty utilizing the L-Cup acetabular component. Methods: Between February 1999 and November 2010, 351 L-Cup components were implanted in 315 patients. A follow-up period ranged from 14 to 25 years. The clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified Merle d’Aubigné and Postel (MAP) classification and patient satisfaction was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: Postoperative evaluations showed significant improvement, with VAS scores decreasing from a mean of 7.2 to 2.1, indicating substantial pain alleviation. The modified MAP classification showed a significant improvement of 6.3 points throughout the follow-up period. The results revealed that 49.5% of the cases were classified as excellent, while 20.5% had poor outcomes due to prosthesis loosening. According to the Kaplan–Meier estimator, the 5-year survival rate for the acetabular component was 97.78%, with survival rates of 90.5% at 10 years, 80.45% at 15 years, and 73.79% at 20 years. Conclusions: Total hip arthroplasty is an effective treatment for advanced degenerative joint diseases. While significant postoperative improvements were documented, the observed prosthesis loosening in 20.5% of cases raises concerns about the long-term effectiveness of the L-Cup acetabular component and suggests the need for further refinement in surgical techniques and implant design.
Treatment of Sebaceous Hyperplasia by High-Frequency Focused Ultrasound (HIFU): A Comprehensive Exploration with Clinical Insights
Authors: Woźniak Bartosz , Sauer Natalia , Pogorzelska-Antkowiak Anna , Dzięgiel Piotr , Calik Jacek
Published: February 2025

Background: Sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) is a common benign condition characterized by enlarged sebaceous glands, often requiring treatment for cosmetic or symptomatic reasons. Conventional therapies include laser ablation, electrosurgery, and cryotherapy, but these may be associated with discomfort, scarring, or recurrence. High-Frequency Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a non-invasive alternative. This study evaluates the efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability of HIFU for the treatment of SH. Methods: Six patients with a total of 33 SH lesions underwent a single HIFU session at a frequency of 20 MHz. Lesion resolution was assessed clinically and dermatoscopically, while secondary outcomes included patient-reported pain levels and treatment-related side effects. Follow-up evaluations were conducted to determine therapeutic response and tolerability. Results: Post-treatment, 87.9% (n = 29) of lesions achieved complete resolution, while 12.1% (n = 4) demonstrated partial reduction in size. Patients reported minimal discomfort during the procedure, describing it as virtually painless. The side effect profile was favorable, with no significant adverse events recorded. Conclusions: HIFU at 20 MHz is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for SH, offering high rates of lesion clearance with minimal discomfort and a low risk of complications. These findings support the role of HIFU as a promising non-invasive alternative to traditional SH treatments, aligning with the trend toward less aggressive dermatological interventions. Further studies with larger cohorts and long-term follow-up are warranted to confirm these results.
Multi-Criteria Optimization of Laser Cladding: Integrating Process Parameters and Costs
Authors: Barro Óscar , Arias-González Felipe , Mejías Ana , Lusquiños Fernando , Wallerstein Daniel , del Val Jesús , Pardo Juan , Pou Juan
Published: February 2025

This study presents a novel approach in the laser cladding optimization field by integrating economic analysis with performance optimization. Despite extensive research on laser cladding technical performance, its economic evaluation—particularly when merged with productivity assessment—has scarcely received attention. This work addresses this gap by integrating an economic and productivity analysis with a standard performance evaluation through the employment of a multi-criteria optimization approach to balance technical and economic performances. To achieve this objective, a multi-parametric optimization via response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function analysis has been developed. Results indicate that the employment of desirability analysis after RSM modeling is a valuable approach for laser cladding analysis, allowing the particular weighting of each result and providing the possibility of selecting processing parameters depending on the specific objective at any given time.
Genomic Analysis of Penicillium griseofulvum CF3 Reveals Potential for Plant Growth Promotion and Disease Resistance
Authors: Yang Jianfei , Zang Wenshuai , Chen Jie , Lu Dongying , Li Ruotong , Li Ciyun , Chen Yinhua , Liu Qin , Niu Xiaolei
Published: February 2025

Penicillium griseofulvum CF3 is a fungus isolated from healthy strawberry soil, with the potential to promote the growth of plants and enhance their resistance to diseases. However, the genome sequence of P. griseofulvum CF3 remains unclear. Therefore, we performed the whole-genome CCS sequencing of P. griseofulvum CF3 using the PacBio Sequel II platform. The assembled genome comprised 104 contigs, with a total length of 37,564,657 bp, encoding 13,252 protein-coding genes. Comprehensive functional annotation was performed using various BLAST databases, including the non-redundant (Nr) protein sequence database, Gene Ontology (GO), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG), and the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZy) database, to identify and predict protein-coding genes, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell (Antismash) analysis identified 50 biosynthetic gene clusters involved in secondary metabolite production within the P. griseofulvum CF3 genome. The whole-genome sequencing of P. griseofulvum CF3 helps us to understand its potential mechanisms in promoting plant growth and enhancing disease resistance, paving the way for the application of the CF3 strain in sustainable crop production.
“Women Will Never Be Equal to Men”: Examining Women Journalists’ Experiences of Patriarchy and Sexism in South Africa
Authors: Govender Genevieve , Muringa Tigere P.
Published: February 2025

Research shows that gender transformation policies and programmes within the media industry have done little to curtail sexism and patriarchal values in news reporting. This study’s term ‘patriarchy’ refers to the systemic structures of masculine dominance entrenched in societal, cultural, and institutional norms. This systemic understanding is complemented by exploring individual acts that perpetuate sexism, understood as both explicit and implicit forms of discrimination based on gender. Within newsrooms, where considerable studies have been conducted, data show alarming evidence of extensive sexism and patriarchal values, which are often nuanced and embedded into daily operations. Significantly, the current body of research argues that the problems experienced within the newsroom manifest a societal issue. However, there is a need for more research that turns the spotlight specifically on how newsmakers interact with women reporters in the field. This paper investigates how sexism and gender-based power imbalances affect female journalists’ professional experiences and roles in South Africa. The paper uses qualitative methods to explore how gender inequality and male dominance influence female journalists’ roles, opportunities, and treatment within the profession. This paper contributes to the current discourse by arguing that deeply ingrained societal and cultural patriarchal norms significantly shape and restrict the professional lives of women reporters. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with eleven (n = 11) reporters drawn from various SABC radio reporters across the nine provinces in South Africa. The study’s findings detailed multiple layers of discrimination and harassment experienced by reporters when engaging with newsmakers. Evidenced in the research is how entrenched societal and cultural values limit and influence the productivity of the reporters and impede their freedom to tell stories effectively. Besides the documented glass ceilings that stunt the upward progression of female reporters, the study posits the existence of invisible walls that hinder their transversal advancement within their designated scope of reporting.
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Different Farming Measures on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Farmland in China
Authors: Wang Siya , Wei Xinyu , Luan Xiaobo , Li Jiabei , Yang Yuxin , Pang Jie , Gao Fei
Published: February 2025

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural fields is crucial for mitigating climate change and promoting sustainable agriculture. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 82 domestic experimental studies to assess the effects of fertilization, tillage, and straw return on CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions across different regions in China. The key findings include: fertilization measures: split fertilization increased CH4 and N2O emissions, whereas a single application had the strongest impact on CO2 emissions. The application of carbon alone or in combination with NPK reduced GHG emissions, while the combination of nitrogen and farmyard manure significantly increased CH4 and CO2 emissions. Tillage measures: tillage generally reduced CH4 and CO2 emissions but increased N2O emissions. No-tillage effectively suppressed CH4 emissions, while rotary tillage significantly reduced CO2 emissions. Straw return: straw returning through rotary tillage led to the highest increase in CH4 and CO2 emissions, whereas direct straw return most notably enhanced N2O emissions. This study provides insights into optimizing agricultural practices to mitigate GHG emissions and offers guidance for sustainable and low-carbon agricultural development.
The Scale Effect of Street View Images and Urban Vitality Is Consistent with a Gaussian Function Distribution
Authors: Yin Jie , Chen Ran , Zhang Ruixiang , Li Xiang , Fang Yuan
Published: February 2025

Street view images are often used to assess the impact of the built environment on urban vitality from an eye-level perspective. However, the influence of analyzing scale on the accuracy of assessment results is often ignored. To find the appropriate scale, we need to quantify the scale effect of street view images and urban vitality. Therefore, in this study, Shenzhen is selected as the study area. Urban vitality is characterized by Weibo check-in records. VGG19 is employed to learn the features of street view images and performs regression analysis of the image features and Weibo check-in records in different sizes of grids (100 m, 150 m, …, 1000 m). Finally, we fit the scale effect of their correlation via a function. We find that as the scale increases, the correlation between street view images and urban vitality tends to increase and then decrease, which is consistent with the distribution law of a Gaussian function. This study provides a basis for selecting appropriate scales of the correlation between street view images and urban vitality.
Effects of Green–Gray–Blue Infrastructure Adjustments on Urban Drainage Performance: Time Lag and H–Q Curve Regulation
Authors: Yu Yang , Yao Yi , Li Chentao , Li Dayang
Published: February 2025

With the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events, enhancing urban drainage systems’ regulation capacity is crucial for mitigating urban flooding. Existing studies primarily analyze infrastructure impacts on peak flow delay but often lack a systematic exploration of time-lag mechanisms. This study introduces the time-lag parameter, using the hysteresis curve of the water level–flow rate relationship to quantify drainage system dynamics. An SWMM-based drainage model was developed for the Rongdong area of Xiong’an New District to evaluate the independent roles of green, gray, and blue infrastructures in peak flow reduction and time-lag modulation. The results indicate that green infrastructure extends the horizontal width and reduces the vertical height of the hysteresis curve, prolonging time lag and making it effective for small-to-medium rainfall. Gray infrastructure enhances drainage efficiency by compressing the hysteresis curve horizontally and increasing its vertical height, facilitating rapid drainage but offering limited peak reduction. Blue infrastructure, by lowering outlet water levels, improves drainage capacity and reduces time lag, demonstrating adaptability across various rainfall scenarios. This study systematically quantifies the role of each infrastructure type in time-lag regulation and proposes a collaborative optimization strategy for urban drainage system design.
Global Pattern of Vegetation Homogeneity and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Dong Pinliang , Jung Chuleui
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in texture-based metrics have improved the representation of landscape heterogeneity, yet global-scale analyses of the relationship between vegetation homogeneity and land surface temperature (LST) remain limited. This study addresses this gap by examining the correlation between Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)-derived texture metrics and LST worldwide. We used texture-based metrics from the EVI to assess landscape homogeneity, with LST data from the 2015 MODIS MOD11A1 V6.1 product at a 1 km spatial resolution. Correlation analyses and nonlinear regression models were applied to explore how EVI homogeneity relates to LST across latitudes. Our findings reveal a significant positive correlation between EVI homogeneity and LST, with the strongest association in the Northern Hemisphere (R2 = 49.3%), followed by a moderate relationship in the Southern Hemisphere (R2 = 21.1%). In tropical regions (−10° to 10° latitudes), the association is weaker but still significant (R2 = 15.1%). The distribution of EVI homogeneity follows a Gaussian curve, peaking in mid-latitudes (from −35° to −15° in the Southern Hemisphere and from 15° to 35° in the Northern Hemisphere), while tropical regions exhibit consistently low homogeneity with minimal variation. Our results indicate that regions with higher EVI homogeneity, representing less fragmented vegetation, tend to experience higher LST, whereas areas with more fragmented vegetation (lower homogeneity) exhibit cooler temperatures. Our findings offer valuable insights into the role of vegetation structure in regulating surface temperature across diverse ecosystems. The study highlights the potential for texture-based metrics to enhance environmental monitoring, contributing to improved climate adaptation strategies and sustainable land management practices globally.
The Role of Urinary Microbiome Analysis in the Diagnostic Approach and Management of Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shaker Pouyan , Roshani Zohreh , Timajchi Ehsan , Sharifi Zahra , Nikzadfar Goli Sarah , Broumand Behrooz , Shafiee Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2025

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant global health issue that impacts mainly middle-aged women, severely affecting their quality of life. Emerging research highlights the urinary microbiome’s complex role in the etiology and management of UI, with microbial dysbiosis potentially influencing symptom severity and treatment outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the urinary microbiome’s role in diagnosing and managing UI, focusing on variations in microbial composition across UI subtypes. We identified 21 studies, mostly employing 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize urinary microbiota and their associations with various UI subtypes, including urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), overactive bladder (OAB), and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The findings revealed distinct microbial patterns, such as reduced Lactobacillus levels and increased Gardnerella prevalence, particularly in UUI. Altered microbiome profiles correlated with symptom severity, with reduced Lactobacilli suggesting a protective role in maintaining urinary health. Specific microbial species, including Actinotignum schaalii and Aerococcus urinae, emerged as potential biomarkers for UI diagnosis. Despite promising findings, limitations such as small sample sizes, variability in microbiome profiling methods, and insufficient causal evidence underscore the need for further research.
Multistrain Probiotics and Telomere Length in Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Week Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chaithanya Venkata , Kumar Janardanan , Vajravelu Leela Kakithakara , Baig Habeeb Ali , Soliman Mohamed , Alenezy Awwad , Shalaby Naglaa M.
Published: February 2025

Background: This 24-week randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the impact of multistrain probiotic supplementation on telomere length in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The study also assessed secondary outcomes including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods: A total of 124 participants with T2DM were randomly assigned to either a probiotic group (n = 62) or a placebo group (n = 62). Participants in the probiotic group consumed a supplement containing fourteen live microbial strains, including Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, L. salivarius, L. paracasei, L. gasseri, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. lactis, B. breve, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Saccharomyces boulardii, with each strain providing 2.148 billion CFUs per capsule, totaling 30 billion CFUs. The placebo group received vitamin B12 capsules without probiotics. The primary outcome was telomere length, and secondary outcomes included hs-CRP and HbA1c levels. Data were analyzed using intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) methods. Results: The probiotic group exhibited a statistically significant decrease in telomere shortening compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). The hs-CRP levels decreased more significantly in the probiotic group (p < 0.001), suggesting potential anti-inflammatory effects. The HbA1c levels improved in the probiotic group, with a reduction of 0.44% (p = 0.004). An age-stratified analysis revealed more substantial improvements in the 30–49 years cohort, which showed greater reductions in telomere shortening, inflammatory markers, and metabolic indicators compared to the 50–69 years group. Conclusions: Multistrain probiotic supplementation shows potential benefits in reducing telomere shortening and improving glycemic control. However, further long-term studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications of probiotics in T2DM. Trial registration: This trial was registered at the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2023/07/055647).
An Experimental Investigation of the Electrical Tribological Characteristics of a Copper–Silver Alloy Contact Wire/Novel Pure Carbon Slider
Authors: Pan Like , Yang Caizhi , Xing Tong , Yu Qun
Published: February 2025

The sliding electric contact that is established between the catenary wire and pantograph slider serves as the primary mechanism through which contemporary high-speed railway trains obtain their driving energy. The wear resistance of both the sliders and contact wires significantly influences their service life. This paper reports an experimental investigation into the electrical tribological characteristics of a copper–silver alloy contact wire in conjunction with a novel pure carbon slider, conducted under AC 300–500 A at sliding velocities ranging from 150 to 250 km/h. The experimental tests reveal that the coefficient of friction changes from 0.20 to 0.28, and the wear rate of the sliders varies from 0.0028 to 0.0147 g/km. The observed wear mechanisms for the slider encompass arc ablation, abrasive wear, delamination wear, and adhesive wear.
Theoretical Estimation Based on CT Images and Experiments on the Sound Absorption Coefficient of Foam Materials with Removed Membrane
Authors: Sakamoto Shuichi , Satoh Takamasa , Tanabe Kaito , Maruyama Koki , Himori Yusei
Published: February 2025

The structure of foam sound absorbers is not strictly regular, and it is difficult to create a geometric model. In this study, a method for estimating the sound absorption properties of foam sound absorbers with the membrane removed was proposed based on computed tomography (CT) scan images: the circumference of the structure and the cross-sectional area of the voids in the foam cross-section were determined from CT scans of foam materials. The propagation constant and characteristic impedance at the voids were obtained by approximating the foam material cross-section as the clearance between two planes, and the transfer matrix method was used to calculate the normal incident sound absorption coefficient. Further, the sound absorption coefficient was theoretically derived using the effective density with the measured tortuosity applied and compared with the experimental value using a two-microphone impedance measuring tube. By extracting the skeletal part of foam materials by using image processing and removing the residual noise in CT images, and then varying the correction factor for the skeleton surface area, the theoretical value of the sound-absorbing foam without a membrane was closer to the measured value.
Fracture Mechanical Properties of Double-Edge Cracked Flattened Brazilian Disc Samples Under Compressive Loads
Authors: Hua Wen , Zhang Wenyu , Dong Shiming , Li Jianxiong , Huang Jiuzhou , Luo Ping , Zhu Zhanyuan
Published: February 2025

The shear-based fracturing of deep fractured rocks under compression-shear loading is one of the most prevalent failure modes due to the existence of in situ stress. In order to study the shear fracture mechanical properties of fractured rocks, a double-edge cracked flattened Brazilian disc (DCFBD) sample was developed by introducing two platforms into a double-edge cracked Brazilian disc (DCBD). Extensive finite element analyses were conducted on DCFBD samples to determine the stress intensity factors (SIFs) and T-stress. A comprehensive dataset of SIFs and T-stress was obtained, which provided accurate descriptions of the compression-shear fracture tests performed on this specimen. Furthermore, the effects of the load distribution angle γ, dimensionless crack length α, and crack inclination angle θ on dimensionless SIFs YI, YII, and T-stress T* were discussed. It showed that the effect of load distribution angle γ on the dimensionless SIFs YI and YII can be disregarded when the dimensionless crack length α ≥ 0.60 and load distribution angle γ ≤ 20°. However, it should be considered for the T-stress for larger crack inclination angles. Moreover, it was experimentally validated that the DCFBD samples with appropriate crack lengths and load distribution angles can achieve shear (true mode II) fracture, as demonstrated through a series of fracture tests conducted on these specimens. The results will advance the development of rock shear fracture testing technology.
An Experimental and Numerical Study on the Mechanical Properties and Damage Evolution of Cemented Tailings Backfill Under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Yuan Congxiang , Wang Houqiang , Liu Zhixiang , Zhang Shuangxia , Yan Mengyang , Liang Xiaodie , Liu Zhiwei , Liu Weijun
Published: February 2025

A comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behavior of backfill under compression is crucial for optimizing its design, improving stope stability and enhancing resource recovery. Laboratory testing and numerical simulation were conducted to study the mechanical properties and damage mechanism of cemented tailings backfill (CTB) with different cement-to-tailings (c/t) ratios under uniaxial compression. Laboratory testing was used to investigate the strength and deformation characteristics, macroscopic failure modes, and energy evolution patterns of CTB, while simulation with Particle Flow Code (PFC) was employed to explore the distribution of microcracks and mesoscopic damage mechanisms. A constitutive model accounting for the initial compaction stage was proposed, validated, and applied to practical engineering. The results show that as the c/t ratio decreases, the failure mode of CTB transforms from shear failure to combined tensile–shear failure, and tensile failure. Mesoscopically, a higher c/t ratio leads to more bond contacts, which increases the bearing capacity and consequently causes more cracks to damage CTB. From an energy standpoint, the damage mechanism of CTB is further analyzed and the development of energy is characterized by four stages. Moreover, to explore the failure mechanism of CTB, an innovative constitutive model was proposed and verified through experiments. The matching coefficients, based on the novel constitutive model, indicate that CTB with a c/t ratio of 1:6 is qualified for all current mining depths, and a c/t ratio of 1:10 is sufficient to depths below 300 m.
The Study of Soliton Mode-Locked and Bound States in Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Based on Cr2S3 Saturable Absorbers
Authors: Li Dong , Zhai Ruizhan , Wu Yongjing , Liu Minzhe , Zhao Kun , Yang Qi , Dong Youwei , Li Xiaoying , Wu Xiaoyang , Jia Zhongqing
Published: February 2025

Femtosecond fiber lasers are widely utilized across various fields and also serve as an ideal platform for studying soliton dynamics. Bound-state solitons, as a significant soliton dynamic phenomenon, attract widespread attention and research interest because of their potential applications in high-speed optical communication, all-optical information storage, quantum computing, optical switching, and high-resolution spectroscopy. We investigate the effects of pump power variations on the formation of mode-locked solitons and bound-state solitons in a femtosecond fiber laser with a Cr2S3 saturable absorber (SA) through numerical simulations while observing the transition, formation, and break-up process of bound soliton pulses. By optimizing the cavity structure and adjusting the net dispersion, the mode-locked soliton is obtained based on this SA. This is the narrowest solitons produced by this SA to date, exhibiting the smallest time-bandwidth product. Moreover, stable double-bound solitons and unique (2 + 1) triple-bound solitons are successfully obtained. The diverse bound-state solitons not only demonstrate the excellent nonlinear absorption properties of Cr2S3 as a saturable absorber but also expand the scope of applications for Cr2S3 saturable absorbers in fiber lasers.
Mechanism of Pit Formation on Surface of Superconducting Niobium Cavities During Buffered Chemical Polishing
Authors: Wang Zheng , Chen Jinfang , Huang Yawei , Zong Yue , Xing Shuai , Wu Jiani , Wu Xiaowei , Dong Pengcheng , Xia Runzhi , Wang Xiaohu , He Xuhao , Zhao Miyimin , Chen Zhaoxi , Liu Xuerong , Wang Dong
Published: February 2025

Superconducting radio-frequency niobium cavities processed using buffered chemical polishing (BCP) sometimes show typical W-shaped pits on their surface, which may greatly limit their performance. However, the causes of such pits and effective solutions are not fully understood. In this study, we reproduced the formation of W-shaped pits on the cavity surface through niobium sample BCP experiments, directly observed the sample surface’s evolution during the polishing process and the polished surface’s morphology, and analyzed the cause of W-shaped pits in detail: the formation and attachment of bubbles on the niobium surface during the BCP process. Then, we systematically investigated the effects of different process parameters on the bubbles and pits, including the acid ratio, temperature, and flow rate. We also investigated how the formation of bubbles and pits was affected by the Nb facing orientation and grain size. This study provides insights into the mechanisms by which bubbles and W-shaped pits are formed on niobium surfaces, and highlights possible directions for reducing pit defects in Nb cavities processed using BCP treatment.
Thermal Barrier Coating on Diamond Particles for the SPS Sintering of the Diamond–ZrO2 Composite
Authors: Jaworska Lucyna , Stępień Michał , Witkowska Małgorzata , Skrzekut Tomasz , Noga Piotr , Podsiadło Marcin , Tyrała Dorota , Konstanty Janusz , Kapica Karolina
Published: February 2025

The aim of this work was to obtain a protective ZrO2 coating on diamond particles, which was to protect diamond from oxidation and graphitization, enabling sintering of diamond at higher temperatures and lower pressures than its thermodynamic stability in atmospheric conditions. The coatings were obtained by mixing diamond with zirconium and oxidizing in air or oxygen. Mixtures of diamond and 80 wt% zirconium were sintered by SPS method at temperatures of 1250 °C and 1450 °C. To stabilize the tetragonal structure of ZrO2, 3 mol% Y2O3 was added to zirconium before the milling process. The composition of powder phases, morphology, and microstructures of sintered materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Diffraction studies show the presence of zirconium monoclinic and tetragonal oxides in coatings, after oxidation in air, and in oxygen. Oxidation in oxygen flow is possible for lower temperatures (75 °C), which results in the presence of unreacted zirconium. In ZrO2 doped with yttria after the oxidation process in oxygen, there is no monoclinic ZrO2. It is possible to sinter the ZrO2–diamond composite at 1250 °C using the spark plasma sintering method without graphitization of the diamond. The sintered material consists of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 structures.
Research Status and Development Trends of Joining Technologies for Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Chen Biao , Sun Hang , Ye Yuchen , Ji Chunming , Pan Shidong , Wang Bing
Published: February 2025

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are composite materials made by using structural ceramics as matrix and reinforcing components such as high-strength fibers, whiskers, or particles. These materials are combined in a specific way to achieve a composite structure. With their excellent properties, including high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance, CMCs are widely used in the aerospace, automotive, energy, defense, and bio-medical fields. However, large and complex-shaped ceramic matrix composite parts are greatly influenced by factors such as the molding process, preparation costs, and consistency of quality, which makes the joining technology for CMCs increasingly important and a key trend for future development. However, due to the anisotropic nature of CMCs, the design of structural components varies, with different properties in different directions. Additionally, the chemical compatibility and physical matching between dissimilar materials in the joining process lead to much more complex joint design and strength analysis compared to traditional materials. This paper categorizes the joining technologies for CMCs into mechanical joining, bonding, soldering joining, and hybrid joining. Based on different joining techniques, the latest research progress on the joining of CMCs with themselves or with metals is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each joining technology are summarized, and the future development trends of these joining technologies are analyzed. Predicting the performance of joining structures is currently a hot topic and challenge in research. Therefore, the study systematically reviews research combining failure mechanisms of ceramic matrix composite joining structures with finite element simulation techniques. Finally, the paper highlights the breakthroughs achieved in current research, as well as existing challenges, and outlines future research and application directions for ceramic matrix composite joining.