bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Environmental Spending in China and the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Authors: Cui Lin , Hunt Alistair , Morley Bruce
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to determine whether recent environmental spending in China has enabled it to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases in the context of an Environmental Kuznets Curve-based model and promote sustainable economic development. Following the Paris Agreement in 2015, there has been a coordinated effort to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and prevent the excessive warming of the climate. The study uses annual regional data across China and a dynamic panel data approach for estimating an EKC model which includes measures of the increased use of fossil fuels and the spending across China to reduce environmental damage. The results suggest that the policies have been effective in controlling emissions across a variety of pollutants and that the EKC tends to hold in China but varies according to the pollutant. This suggests that these policies should be continued and where possible, extended.
Teachers’ Social–Emotional Competence: History, Concept, Models, Instruments, and Recommendations for Educational Quality
Authors: Lozano-Peña Gissela , Sáez-Delgado Fabiola , López-Angulo Yaranay , Mella-Norambuena Javier
Published: November 2021

Teachers’ social–emotional competencies are essential to educational quality. This study aimed to describe the theoretical background and relevance of teachers’ social–emotional competencies. We conducted a systematic review with a critical, theoretical review approach. The results showed that the concept has an increasingly complex history and followed a structured course from 1920 to present. Five main models have been identified: emotional regulation, prosocial classroom, Collaborative Association of Social Emotional Learning, Bar-On emotional intelligence, and emotional intelligence. There are measurement instruments consistent with four of the identified models; however, the model that does not have its own instrument uses different available scales. Specific recommendations are proposed to develop social and emotional competencies in educational public policies, which include school leadership, assessment, and teacher professional training. In conclusion, it is relevant to have clear guidelines that conceive and conceptualize social–emotional competence univocally. These guidelines would allow the design of instruments with a comprehensive and sufficient theoretical base that reflect the multidimensionality of the concept, provide a precise measure to assess the effectiveness of intervention programs, and enlist teachers who seek the development of the different skills that involve social–emotional competencies.
The Perception and Degree of Adoption by Urbanites towards Urban Farming
Authors: Ivascu Larisa , Frank Ahimaz David , Arulanandam Benedict Valentine , Tirian Gelu-Ovidiu
Published: November 2021

Malaysia is not shielded from the issues of food insecurity. Despite economic progression over the past few years, food insecurity is continuing to affect several vulnerable groups (Orang Asli, elderly, students, B40). It is a growing concern that should not be taken lightly, especially with the recent rise in food prices coupled with low income among vulnerable groups and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. As cities develop and expand, they stretch out and occupy former farmlands forcing farms to stop operating or move further off from the city centre. New trends like urban farming are slowly emerging, which have the potential to be a solution to the developing crises of food insecurity. This research aims to determine how relevant each of the factors, ‘confidence’ (CF), ‘societal’ (SC), ‘pleasantness’ (PL), and ‘naturalness’ (NT), are towards adopting (AD) the idea of urban farming and, if relevant, among which has the most positive impact. A mixed-method approach was used to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. One hundred and thirty-three responses were recorded and used (a significant sample size according to the G-power software). The validity and reliability of the data were also tested to affirm their quality and relevance according to the factors. The main findings revealed that ‘pleasantness’ and ‘confidence’ were strong factors for adopting urban farming, in line with Cohen’s R Square of more than 32%, which signifies a high impact toward influencing adoption. In addition, qualitative analysis shows that while positive outcomes complemented the quantitative study, practical constraints were highlighted. These constraints were space, time, supply chain, resources, tools, community and government support. Hence, this study provides two significant contributions to regulators and policymakers on urban farming (further explained in the discussions section).
The Relationships among Quality of Online Education, Learning Immersion, Learning Satisfaction, and Academic Achievement in Cooking-Practice Subject
Authors: Kim Yae-Ji , Lee Seung-Hoo
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems of online education perceived by learners in a time when non-face-to-face online lectures are conducted due to the spread of COVID-19, and suggest measures to improve educational outcomes. Therefore, the structural influence of cooking practice on the quality of online lessons, learning immersion, learning satisfaction, and the achievement felt by learners was verified. The sample of the study was a college student majoring in cooking, and a total of 509 responses were used for analysis. The results of the study are as follows: First, it was analyzed that there was a significant influence on learning immersion in the order of content, interaction, and educational environment among the quality of online classes. Second, among the quality of online classes, class content and educational environment showed positive (+) influence on learning satisfaction. Third, learning immersion and learning satisfaction showed a positive influence on academic achievement. Fourth, in the direct effect of online class quality on academic achievement, it was analyzed that only class content had a positive (+) effect. Based on the results of this study, the provision of learning materials with detailed explanations was suggested in the online cooking practice class rather than providing a simple cooking video. In addition, it was suggested that as a way to improve academic achievement of online education, it is necessary to provide content that allows learners to immerse themselves in class, as well as class content and educational environment, and consider learning satisfaction.
Tools for Embedding and Assessing Sustainable Development Goals in Engineering Education
Authors: Sánchez-Carracedo Fermín , Segalas Jordi , Bueno Gorka , Busquets Pere , Climent Joan , Galofré Victor G. , Lazzarini Boris , Lopez David , Martín Carme , Miñano Rafael , Cámara Estíbaliz Sáez de , Sureda Bárbara , Tejedor Gemma , Vidal Eva
Published: November 2021

This paper presents three tools developed within the framework of the project EDINSOST2-SDG, aimed at embedding and assessing the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Engineering curricula. ESD is promoted through the introduction into engineering curricula of learning outcomes related to sustainability and, specifically, to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The first tool, the “Engineering Sustainability Map”, contains ESD-related learning outcomes that any engineering student should have acquired upon completion of their studies. These learning outcomes are described according to four sustainability competencies: (1) Critical contextualization of knowledge, (2) Sustainable use of resources, (3) Participation in community processes, and (4) Application of ethical principles. The second tool, the “Sustainability Presence Map” of a degree, shows the percentage of the presence in the curriculum of each sustainability competency. The calculation of the presence of each competency is based on the effective integration of the related learning outcomes into a specific curriculum. Respective data are provided by teachers responsible for the coordination of the different subjects of the degree, collected by means of a questionnaire. The third tool presented is a questionnaire aimed at measuring the level of ESD that students perceive they have acquired through each competency. The comparison of data resulting from the Sustainability Presence Map with the data from the student questionnaire is the first step that allows the effectiveness of embedding ESD in a degree to be determined, a proper learning assessment will confirm such effectiveness. The three tools presented in this work have undergone a validation process and are currently being used in a set of engineering degrees related to the EDINSOST2-SDG project. The results of the application of these tools are part of the future research work of the authors.
The Λ and the CDM as Integration Constants
Authors: Gallagher Priidik , Koivisto Tomi
Published: November 2021

Notoriously, the two main problems of the standard ΛCDM model of cosmology are the cosmological constant Λ and the cold dark matter, CDM. This essay shows that both the Λ and the CDM arise as integration constants in a careful derivation of Einstein’s equations from first principles in a Lorentz gauge theory. The dark sector of the universe might only reflect the geometry of a spontaneous symmetry breaking that is necessary for the existence of spacetime and an observer therein.
On Unconditionally Stable New Modified Fractional Group Iterative Scheme for the Solution of 2D Time-Fractional Telegraph Model
Authors: Ali Ajmal , Abdeljawad Thabet , Iqbal Azhar , Akram Tayyaba , Abbas Muhammad
Published: November 2021

In this study, a new modified group iterative scheme for solving the two-dimensional (2D) fractional hyperbolic telegraph differential equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions is obtained from the 2h-spaced standard and rotated Crank–Nicolson FD approximations. The findings of new four-point modified explicit group relaxation method demonstrates the rapid rate of convergence of proposed method as compared to the existing schemes. Numerical tests are performed to test the capability of the group iterative scheme in comparison with the point iterative scheme counterparts. The stability of the derived modified group method is proven by the matrix norm algorithm. The obtained results are tabulated and concluded that exact solutions are exactly symmetric with approximate solutions.
Multi-Depot Joint Distribution Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Energy Consumption with Time-Dependent Networks
Authors: Hou Dengkai , Fan Houming , Ren Xiaoxue
Published: November 2021

This paper studies the multi-depot joint distribution vehicle routing problem considering energy consumption with time-dependent networks (MDJDVRP-TDN). Aiming at the multi-depot joint distribution vehicle routing problem where the vehicle travel time depends on the variation characteristics of the road network speed in the distribution area, considering the influence of the road network on the vehicle speed and the relationship between vehicle load and fuel consumption, a multi-depot joint distribution vehicle routing optimization model is established to minimize the sum of vehicle fixed cost, fuel consumption cost and time window penalty cost. Traditional vehicle routing problems are modeled based on symmetric graphs. In this paper, considering the influence of time-dependent networks on routes optimization, modeling is based on asymmetric graphs, which increases the complexity of the problem. A hybrid genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search (HGAVNS) is designed to solve the model, in which the nearest neighbor insertion method and Logistic mapping equation are used to generate the initial solution firstly, and then five neighborhood structures are designed to improve the algorithm. An adaptive neighborhood search times strategy is used to balance the diversification and depth search of the population. The effectiveness of the designed algorithm is verified through several groups of numerical instances with different scales. The research can enrich the relevant theoretical research of multi-depot vehicle routing problems and provide the theoretical basis for transportation enterprises to formulate reasonable distribution schemes.
Symmetry Analysis, Exact Solutions and Conservation Laws of a Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers Equation in 2+1-Dimensions
Authors: Bruzón María , Garrido-Letrán Tamara , de la Rosa Rafael
Published: November 2021

The Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation describes the unidirectional propagation of small-amplitude long waves on the surface of water in a channel. In this paper, we consider a family of generalized Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers equations depending on three arbitrary constants and an arbitrary function G(u). We study this family from the standpoint of the theory of symmetry reductions of partial differential equations. Firstly, we obtain the Lie point symmetries admitted by the considered family. Moreover, taking into account the admitted point symmetries, we perform symmetry reductions. In particular, for G′(u)≠0, we construct an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras for each maximal Lie algebra and deduce the corresponding (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear third-order partial differential equations. Then, we apply Kudryashov’s method to look for exact solutions of the nonlinear differential equation. We also determine line soliton solutions of the family of equations in a particular case. Lastly, through the multipliers method, we have constructed low-order conservation laws admitted by the family of equations.
Analysis and Optimal Control of φ-Hilfer Fractional Semilinear Equations Involving Nonlocal Impulsive Conditions
Authors: Guechi Sarra , Dhayal Rajesh , Debbouche Amar , Malik Muslim
Published: November 2021

The goal of this paper is to consider a new class of φ-Hilfer fractional differential equations with impulses and nonlocal conditions. By using fractional calculus, semigroup theory, and with the help of the fixed point theorem, the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions are obtained for the proposed fractional system. Symmetrically, we discuss the existence of optimal controls for the φ-Hilfer fractional control system. Our main results are well supported by an illustrative example.
Skin Lesion Extraction Using Multiscale Morphological Local Variance Reconstruction Based Watershed Transform and Fast Fuzzy C-Means Clustering
Authors: Rout Ranjita , Parida Priyadarsan , Alotaibi Youseef , Alghamdi Saleh , Khalaf Osamah Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

Early identification of melanocytic skin lesions increases the survival rate for skin cancer patients. Automated melanocytic skin lesion extraction from dermoscopic images using the computer vision approach is a challenging task as the lesions present in the image can be of different colors, there may be a variation of contrast near the lesion boundaries, lesions may have different sizes and shapes, etc. Therefore, lesion extraction from dermoscopic images is a fundamental step for automated melanoma identification. In this article, a watershed transform based on the fast fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is proposed for the extraction of melanocytic skin lesion from dermoscopic images. Initially, the proposed method removes the artifacts from the dermoscopic images and enhances the texture regions. Further, it is filtered using a Gaussian filter and a local variance filter to enhance the lesion boundary regions. Later, the watershed transform based on MMLVR (multiscale morphological local variance reconstruction) is introduced to acquire the superpixels of the image with accurate boundary regions. Finally, the fast FCM clustering technique is implemented in the superpixels of the image to attain the final lesion extraction result. The proposed method is tested in the three publicly available skin lesion image datasets, i.e., ISIC 2016, ISIC 2017 and ISIC 2018. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed method achieves a good result.
System Analysis of Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems Kill Chain in an Operational Environment
Authors: Tan Choon Seng , Van Bossuyt Douglas L. , Hale Britta
Published: November 2021

The proliferation of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) capabilities in the commercial sector is posing potentially significant threats to the traditional perimeter defense of civilian and military facilities. Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) UAS are small, cheap, and come with multiple types of functions which have growing interest among hobbyists. This has prompted the need for facility commanders to have a methodology to conduct quick evaluation and analysis of the facility and the existing Counter-Unmanned Aerial System (CUAS)’s effectiveness. This research proposes a methodology that follows a systems engineering perspective to provide a step-by-step process in conducting evaluation and analysis by employing Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tools to understand the CUAS’s effectiveness and limitations. The methodology analyzes the CUAS’s operating environment and effects of the dominant factors and impacts that CUAS may pose to other stakeholders (e.g., adjacent allied forces, civilians, etc.) within the area of operation. We then identify configuration candidates for optimizing the CUAS’s performance to meet the requirements of the stakeholders. A case study of a hypothetical airport with existing CUAS is presented to demonstrate the usability of the methodology, explore the candidates, and justify the implementation of a candidate that fits the facility and the stakeholders’ requirements.
Development and Remodeling of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Education for Emergency Medicine Residents in Resource Limited Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ienghong Kamonwon , Cheung Lap Woon , Tiamkao Somsak , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Apiratwarakul Korakot
Published: November 2021

The administration of an accurate and effective POCUS course is a crucial tool in improving health education and thus the health care system in low- to middle-income countries. The development of the ultrasound curriculum in these countries during the pandemic era is a major challenge for medical educators. Therefore, this study aims to survey the learner experience after implementing the POCUS curriculum for first-year emergency medicine residents. All learners responded to the survey. Our results demonstrated that the ultrasound rotation and our ultra-sound learning materials were useful tools which showed a positive impact on POCUS knowledge for our learners. However, some obstacles of POCUS learning were identified to assist in closing faculty development gaps, including the availability of handheld devices, as well as the re-modeling of the ultrasound rotation course, which should be managed according to the feedback we received. This study demonstrated a clear need for constant updates in higher education, medical program development, accuracy of local learning materials, and the explosion of virtual and online learning platforms during this decade.
Reactogenicity of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Young Working Age Population: A Survey among Medical School Residents, within a Mass Vaccination Campaign, in a Regional Reference Teaching Hospital in Italy
Authors: Rahmani Alborz , Dini Guglielmo , Orsi Andrea , Sticchi Laura , Bruzzone Bianca , Montecucco Alfredo , Pellegrini Luca , Manca Alessia , Domnich Alexander , Battistini Angela , Kusznir Vitturi Bruno , Zacconi Sonia , Debarbieri Nicoletta , Icardi Giancarlo , Durando Paolo
Published: November 2021

Vaccinations are a key prevention measure in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (BioNTech/Pfizer), the first to receive authorization, was widely used in the mass vaccination campaign in Italy. Healthcare workers were identified as a priority group for vaccination, but few studies have assessed its reactogenicity among the young working age population. An online survey was conducted to investigate the adverse reactions occurring in the 7 days following the first and second vaccination doses amongst resident doctors of the University of Genoa, employed at the IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino of Genoa, between 11 January and 16 March 2021. A total of 512 resident physicians were invited to participate in the study (female = 53.2%; mean age = 28.9 years), of whom 296 (female = 53.4%, mean age = 28.9 years) and 275 (female = 55.3%, mean age = 29.1 years) completed the survey after their first and second vaccination doses, respectively. In the 7 days following the first dose, most common adverse reactions were local pain (96.3%), fatigue (42.6%), headache (33.8%), arthromyalgia (28.0%), and 5.1% reported fever, while following the second dose, participants reported local pain (93.5%), fatigue (74.9%), headache (57.5%), arthromyalgia (58.2%), and fever (30.9%), with a higher prevalence among females. Systemic (but not local) reactions increased following the second vaccination, reaching severe intensity in 9.8% of participants and causing three or more events of moderate intensity in 23.7% of participants. Adverse reactions preventing regular daily activities could cause absenteeism among workers. These results can be useful to inform populations of young individuals, set expectations, and improve adherence to vaccination campaigns.
Enhancement of the Local CD8+ T-Cellular Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BCG-Primed Mice after Intranasal Administration of Influenza Vector Vaccine Carrying TB10.4 and HspX Antigens
Authors: Vasilyev Kirill , Shurygina Anna-Polina , Zabolotnykh Natalia , Sergeeva Mariia , Romanovskaya-Romanko Ekaterina , Pulkina Anastasia , Buzitskaya Janna , Dogonadze Marine Z. , Vinogradova Tatiana I. , Stukova Marina A.
Published: November 2021

BCG is the only licensed vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. Due to its intramuscular administration route, BCG is unable to induce a local protective immune response in the respiratory system. Moreover, BCG has a diminished ability to induce long-lived memory T-cells which are indispensable for antituberculosis protection. Recently we described the protective efficacy of new mucosal TB vaccine candidate based on recombinant attenuated influenza vector (Flu/THSP) co-expressing TB10.4 and HspX proteins of M.tb within an NS1 influenza protein open reading frame. In the present work, the innate and adaptive immune response to immunization with the Flu/THSP and the immunological properties of vaccine candidate in the BCG-prime → Flu/THSP vector boost vaccination scheme are studied in mice. It was shown that the mucosal administration of Flu/THSP induces the incoming of interstitial macrophages in the lung tissue and stimulates the expression of co-stimulatory CD86 and CD83 molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The T-cellular immune response to Flu/THSP vector was mediated predominantly by the IFNγ-producing CD8+ lymphocytes. BCG-prime → Flu/THSP vector boost immunization scheme was shown to protect mice from severe lung injury caused by M.tb infection due to the enhanced T-cellular immune response, mediated by antigen-specific effector and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes.
Clinical Cohort Study in Canine Patients, to Determine the Average Platelet and White Blood Cell Number and Its Correlation with Patient’s Age, Weight, Breed and Gender: 92 Cases (2019–2020)
Authors: de Marcos Carpio Isabel , Sanghani-Kerai Anita , Solano Miguel , Blunn Gordon , Jifcovici Alexandra , Fitzpatrick Noel
Published: November 2021

Due to its easy preparation and that it is well tolerated, the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become increasingly popular in regenerative medicine. However, there are still no clear guidelines on how it should be classified or whether the individual canine patient’s clinical status can influence its quality. Objective: This study aims to show if the weight, age, sex, neutered status or breed of canine patients have any correlation with the composition of PRP. Design: A blinded count of the platelets and white blood cells (WBC) was performed from 111 samples from 92 client owned dogs undergoing treatment for degenerative joint disease (DJD). The results were analysed using Pearson correlation test, ANOVA test or Student T-test. Results: There is a positive correlation between the number of platelets and WBC in canine patients of different breeds, but there was no significant difference on the platelet number and WBC number among the different breeds. The weight of the patient is also directly correlated to the platelet number (p = 0.003) but not WBC number. WBC number was negatively correlated to the weight of the patient. The sex and age of the patient did not affect platelets and WBC number, although WBC number is increased in non-neutered male population (p = 0.003). However, it would be interesting to investigate whether the growth factors released from the platelet granules are affected by patient variables in a canine population. Conclusions: Our results show that it is possible to obtain good quality autologous PRP, irrespective of age, sex, neutered status or weight of the patient, for PRP regenerative therapy.
Topsoil Nutrients Drive Leaf Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations of a Desert Phreatophyte in Habitats with Different Shallow Groundwater Depths
Authors: Zhang Bo , Tang Gangliang , Luo Hanlin , Yin Hui , Zhang Zhihao , Xue Jie , Huang Caibian , Lu Yan , Shareef Muhammad , Gao Xiaopeng , Zeng Fanjiang
Published: November 2021

Phreatophytes are deep-rooted plants that reach groundwater and are widely distributed in arid and semiarid areas around the world. Multiple environmental factors affect the growth of phreatophytes in desert ecosystems. However, the key factor determining the leaf nutrients of phreatophytes in arid regions remains elusive. This study aimed to reveal the key factors affecting the ecological stoichiometry of desert phreatophytes in the shallow groundwater of three oases at the southern rim of the Taklimakan Desert in Central Asia. Groundwater depth; groundwater pH and the degree of mineralization of groundwater; topsoil pH and salt concentration; topsoil and leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations of phreatophytic Alhagi sparsifolia grown at groundwater depths of 1.3–2.2 m in the saturated aquifer zone in a desert–oasis ecotone in northwestern China were investigated. Groundwater depth was closely related to the mineralization degree of groundwater, topsoil C and P concentrations, and topsoil salt content and pH. The ecological stoichiometry of A. sparsifolia was influenced by depth, pH and the degree of mineralization of groundwater, soil nutrients and salt concentration. However, the effects of soil C and P concentrations on the leaf C and N concentrations of A. sparsifolia were higher than those of groundwater depth and pH and soil salt concentration. Moreover, A. sparsifolia absorbed more N in the soil than in the groundwater and atmosphere. This quantitative study provides new insights into the nutrient utilization of a desert phreatophyte grown at shallow groundwater depths in extremely arid desert ecosystems.
Mitigating Drought Conditions under Climate and Land Use Changes by Applying Hedging Rules for the Multi-Reservoir System
Authors: Li Zejun , Huang Bensheng , Yang Zhifeng , Qiu Jing , Zhao Bikui , Cai Yanpeng
Published: November 2021

Climate and land use changes have substantially affected hydrologic cycles and increased the risk of drought. Reservoirs are one of the important means to provide resilience against hydrologic variability and achieve sustainable water management. Therefore, adaptive reservoir operating rules are needed to mitigate their adverse effects. In this study, the Hanjiang River Basin in southeast China was selected as the study area. Future climate and land use projections were produced by the Delta method and CA-Markov model, respectively. Future climate forcings and land use patterns were then incorporated into a distributed hydrologic model to evaluate river flow regime shifts. Results revealed that climate and land use changes may lead to severe drought conditions in the future. Lower flows are shown to be more sensitive to environmental changes and a decline of monthly flows could reach up to nearly 30% in the dry season. To address the threat of increasing drought uncertainties in the water supply system, the aggregation-decomposition method incorporated with hedging rules was applied to guide the multi-reservoir operation. Parameters of optimal hedging rules were obtained by a multi-objective optimization algorithm. The performance of hedging rules was evaluated by comparison to standard operating policies and conventional operating rules with respect to reliability, resiliency, vulnerability, and sustainability indices. Results showed that the multi-reservoir system guided by hedging rules can be more adaptive to the environmental changes.
Pumping Station Design in Water Distribution Networks Considering the Optimal Flow Distribution between Sources and Capital and Operating Costs
Authors: Gutiérrez-Bahamondes Jimmy H. , Mora-Meliá Daniel , Iglesias-Rey Pedro L. , Martínez-Solano F. Javier , Salgueiro Yamisleydi
Published: November 2021

The investment and operating costs of pumping stations in drinking water distribution networks are some of the highest public costs in urban sectors. Generally, these systems are designed based on extreme scenarios. However, in periods of normal operation, extra energy is produced, thereby generating excess costs. To avoid this problem, this work presents a new methodology for the design of pumping stations. The proposed technique is based on the use of a setpoint curve to optimize the operating and investment costs of a station simultaneously. According to this purpose, a novel mathematical optimization model is developed. The solution output by the model includes the selection of the pumps, the dimensions of pipelines, and the optimal flow distribution among all water sources for a given network. To demonstrate the advantages of using this technique, a case study network is presented. A pseudo-genetic algorithm (PGA) is implemented to resolve the optimization model. Finally, the obtained results show that it is possible to determine the full design and operating conditions required to achieve the lowest cost in a multiple pump station network.
Vertebral heart score and cardiothoracic ratio in Wistar rats
Authors: DOĞAN Elif , OKUR Sıtkıcan , HAYIRLI Armağan , OKUMUŞ Zafer
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the Vertebral Heart Size (VHS) and Cardio-Thoracic Rate (CTR) in normal Wistar Rats. The size of the organs in the chest cavity and the size of the heart can be measured by taking thorax radiographs. Thorax radiographs of 85 male Wistar rats were taken under anesthesia, and VHS and CTR were calculated in the digital environment. The mean VHS was 7.22 mm in the right lateral position and 7.34 mm in the left lateral position. In the radiography taken in the ventrodorsal position (P = 0.3530), the mean CTR was calculated as 0.89 mm. Also, no significant correlation was measured between VHS and CTR. In conclusion, our study results can be reference values, as no previous study has been found for Wistar rats.
Canceral Imaginaries
Authors: McCormack Donna
Published: November 2021

This article examines the carceral imaginaries that emerge from the late capitalist structure of organ donation as an issue of short supply. This piece explores this issue through the lens of spatial segregation, arguing that carceral imaginaries are spaces of luxury where donors are segregated from recipients and are thereby legally murdered. The focus is Ninni Holmqvist’s novel The Unit (2008) where the future is structured through gender equality but reproductive normativity. Donors are segregated away in the luxurious unit because they have not repro- duced. Having not produced future generations of labourers, these donors must contribute to the nation by donating their body parts to the reproductive – and therefore productive – members of the nation. Focusing on Sweden’s history of eugenics and on gender equality, this article argues that the very space of care, namely the clinic, which facilitates life-saving treatments also subjects whole populations to violence and death through reproductive norms. Finally, it sug- gests that space is both that through which bodies move, but also the body itself. That is, the segregation of the body’s parts and the idea that space may be divided by borders are mutually constitutive and found both the restrictions of bodily movement through space and murder as the gift of life.
2021 YILI AĞUSTOS AYI ÖNCESİNDE AFGANİSTAN’DAKİ TÜRKİ MİLLETLERİN DURUMLARI VE DİLLERİ
Authors: AKYUZ Murat
Published: November 2021

Afghanistan is one of the ancient lands where many nations and ethnic groups coexist. In this geography, besides the Turkic tribes such as the Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kyrgyz, and Kazakhs who speak their native languages even today, there are also tribes like the Hazaras, the Aimaqs, and the Galchays who – having forgotten their mother tongues – speak Persian or Pashto. In Afghanistan, where the Turkic dynasties generally ruled before 1747, the Pashtuns became the dominant ethnic community with the proclamation of the Afghan state in 1747. The turbulent history and political life of Afghanistan have deeply affected the Turkic communities, as have all Afghan peoples. The Turkic peoples were occasionally forbidden to receive education in their native tongues, while it was also aimed to change the demographic structure by resettling Pashtuns in some regions. The Soviet occupation and the ensuing civil war claimed thousands of lives and forced millions of people to leave their country. Between 2001 and 2021, the administration in Afghanistan changed hands once again as supported by the Western states; yet, there was partial relief for the Turkic peoples during this period. The developments in August 2021 dragged these people into uncertainty again. In this study, the situation of the Turkic peoples living in Afghanistan and the languages ​​they use before August 2021 were assessed by providing the available information.
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОФІЛАКТИКА СУЇЦИДАЛЬНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ ОБДАРОВАНИХ УЧНІВ
Authors: Трубавіна І. М. , Байдала В. І.
Published: November 2021

Вивчено й удосконалено теоретичні засади проблеми соціально-педагогічної профілактики суїцидальної поведінки обдарованих учнів. За допомогою методів теоретичного узагальнення, системного аналізу та синтезу 1) визначено основні ситуації, що провокують ризик виникнення суїцидальної поведінки в обдарованих учнів; 2) обґрунтовано профілактичні заходи, спрямовані на усунення суїцидонебезпечних ситуацій для обдарованих учнів. Результати дослідження дають підстави стверджувати, що: 1. Основними ситуаціями, які можуть провокувати суїцидальну поведінку обдарованих учнів є: конфлікти в особистісній, навчальній сфері, сімейних відносинах, пов’язані з антисоціальною поведінкою суїцидента, станом психічного і фізичного здоров’я, матеріально-побутовими труднощами тощо. 2. Специфіка цих ситуацій для обдарованого учня полягає в тому, що скоєння обдарованими учнями суїцидів може бути обумовлено наявністю таких чинників як несподівана невдача, нездатність пережити почуття образи, сорому, почуття провини перед батьками, ставлення до своїх рішень як до єдино правильних, уражене самолюбство, втрата уваги, нерозділена любов, постановка завищених цілей, завищені вимоги з боку батьків, непереносимість ситуації програшу тощо. 3. Соціально-педагогічні профілактичні заходи з обдарованими учнями можуть здійснюватися в межах, як трирівневої, так і чотирирівненої моделей соціально- педагогічної профілактики суїцидальної поведінки. 4. У межах цих моделей загальні заходи профілактичного впливу спрямовані на широку аудиторію і передбачають просування цінностей здоров’я і життя шляхом розробки та впровадження різних освітніх програм, спрямованих на підвищення обізнаності про суїцид. Спеціальні заходи профілактичного впливу передбачають індивідуальну профілактику, яка реалізується за допомогою корегуючого, регулюючого, стримуючого впливу, спрямованого на
конкретні прояви суїцидальної поведінки і чинники, що її провокують.
When “Face-to-Face” is No Longer an Option: Classroom Management Challenges During the Covid-19 Pandemics
Authors: Manea Claudia-Neptina , Gări-Neguț Oana
Published: November 2021

The article examines the current context of teaching online or in a hybrid environment and provides recommendations pertaining to some of the classroom management techniques primary and secondary school teachers might find useful in their activities during the COVID 19 pandemics.
The main aims of this article are to analyse the challenges posed by online teaching in relation to class management; to provide a toolkit for educators in relation to class management in an online teaching environment; and to better understand how the various learning styles of the students should be responded to by teachers as part of their classroom management techniques.
The methodology which the current paper relies on involves both a critical analysis of classroom management techniques currently employed in traditional (i.e., face-to-face) and online education, as well as empirical methods pertaining to our own daily activities as educators (observation, questionnaires, conversation, dialogue, self-assessment of the learning outcomes, evaluation sheets). Building upon such methods, we formulate practical recommendations as to how an efficient classroom management should be handled to ensure that online teaching is performed at its best during the COVID-19 pandemics.
The following results were attained as part of our research: the identification of the main challenges that the educators must deal with when managing the online class; a potential toolkit for the educators when managing their class in an online environment; a clearer understanding on how to best approach all students according to their styles of learning.
The conclusions allow asserting that the educators have an essential role in adapting the online class management to the learning styles of the students and to the concrete particularities of e-learning during de COVID-19 pandemics, creating an optimum environment for the teaching and learning process.
Quality of Professional Psychologist Training in Online Space
Authors: Nalyvaiko Oleksii , Lykhoshvai Kseniia
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the definition of the basic provisions of training psychologists in the conditions of forced distance learning. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main qualities that a future psychologist should have, and to consider the impact of online learning (forced distance learning) on their quality and formation. The main objectives include: analyze theoretical framework of modern training of a psychologist; analyze the role of digital and online technologies in teaching future psychologists; analyze the answers given by student psychologists during a survey aimed at determining the role of online learning; propose recommendations for improving the learning process of future psychologists in a distance / blended learning.
Among the research methods used, the following methods of scientific research were defining: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological sources, governmental documents on the topic of research for the theoretical substantiation of the research problem, modeling of the data obtained. The authors also conducted a survey.
The results of the study show that based on the analysis of the answers received from psychology-students, we can draw several main conclusions: most students would prefer classroom or blended learning; main difficulties faced by students: technical / internet problems, motivation (self-organization), difficulties in communicating with teachers; a significant part of students do not have practical skills and relevant information on working in the online space. Based on the analysis of the obtained results and own experience of work and study at the School of Psychology, recommendations are provided for first-year students and teachers in online learning.
In conclusion, in the context of improving the quality of training of future psychologists in distance and blended learning, we recommend implementing from the first semesters of study in university courses aimed at familiarizing students with the norms of behavior in the digital space.
Şeker Pancarında Kullanılan İki Farklı Triazol Fungisidin Toprak Mikrobiyal Solunumuna Etkileri
Authors: KOÇAK Burak , CENKSEVEN Şahin
Published: November 2021

Tarımda fungisitlerin uygulanması toprak mikroorganizmaları gibi hedef olmayan organizmalara zararlı etkileri olabilir. Bu çalışmada, şeker pancarı yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan iki farklı fungisidin [Difenoconazole (D) ve Difenoconazole+Propiconazole (DP)] kısa dönemde toprakta mikrobiyal solunumuna olan toksisiteleri belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla fungisitlerin tavsiye edien tarla dozları (D1 için 30 ml/da ve DP1 için 50 ml/da) ile bu dozların 5 (D5 ve DP5) ve 10 katı (D10 ve DP10) daha önce pestisit uygulanmamış topraklara karıştırılmıştır. Toprak+fungisit karışımları sabit sıcaklık (28°C) ve nemde (tarla kapasitesinin %80’i kadar) 42 gün boyunca inkübe edilerek toprakların mikrobiyal solunumları belirlenmiştir. Her iki fungisitin tüm dozları kontrole göre toprak mikrobiyal solunumunu tüm inkübasyon süresince önemli bir biçimde azaltmıştır (P
Ambiente y bienestar social en la ciudad: experiencias y renovados desafíos para las estrategias urbanas
Authors: Fedele Javier
Published: November 2021

Los sistemas ambientales y sociales que sustentan la vida urbana parecen enfrentar importantes desafíos a partir del costo de la pandemia, el efecto del cambio climático y la persistencia de la exclusión social. Ante estos desafíos, algunos estudios y prácticas indagados en el artículo pulsan las posibilidades de renovar los enfoques y métodos de la planificación urbana. El interrogante es cómo planificar una forma urbana sensible simultáneamente con los sistemas ambientales y sociales que soportan los espacios construidos. Esto es, cómo regular la urbanización para que no altere el funcionamiento biológico de los sistemas de soporte vital por impactos ambientales, o destruya por mercantilización de sus relaciones los sistemas de promoción social de igualdad y derechos basados en el estado de bienestar. Por ello, convocan interés las prácticas que ensayan incorporar articuladamente métricas sobre el desempeño del servicio ecosistémico y aspectos sociales en los procesos de planificación y participación ciudadana. La crisis de la pandemia ha puesto en evidencia una vez más la interconexión entre la problemática ambiental y social, implicando a las ciudades ya que ambiente y bienestar social son componentes que sustentan estructuras y vidas urbanas de calidad.
Ciudades latinoamericanas: la necesidad de ser capaces de gestionar una nueva agenda urbana
Authors: Grandinetti Rita María , Nari Patricia Olga
Published: November 2021

La crisis surgida a partir de la pandemia de COVID-19 permite, a la vez que obliga, a repensar todo lo que se daba por definido en políticas y gestión en dos sentidos: modifica las agendas públicas, reconfigurando las directrices y planos de acción y, paralelamente, actúa como un revelador de las capacidades necesarias para la gestión de políticas en contextos altamente inciertos. Por lo tanto, constituye una inigualable oportunidad para revisar las agendas de políticas locales y las capacidades necesarias para gestionarlas (Meijer y Webster, 2020; Oszlak, 2020; Mazzucato y Kattel, 2020). Además de una oportunidad, es una exigencia urgente. No parecería haber tiempos en la ciudadanía para nuevas esperas.El artículo propone avanzar en la caracterización de la agenda urbana emergente en América Latina a raíz de las vicisitudes generadas por la pandemia de COVID-19, y de las capacidades públicas para llevarlas adelante. Plantea el estado de situación de los temas de agenda y las capacidades locales en la región e infiere lineamientos para su fortalecimiento. Se apoya en la revisión de la bibliografía de referencia y en información de tipo secundaria. Se aporta una perspectiva vincular, novedosa entre las agendas públicas y las capacidades necesarias.
Implementation Of ADFGVX Cipher And RSA On TXT And Doc File Security
Authors: Siregar Al Zimy
Published: November 2021

In data communication, the aspect of security and confidentiality data is needed. To maintain the security and confidentiality of the data is by using cryptography. Cryptography is the science of mathematical techniques related to aspects of information security such as data confidentiality, data authenticity, data integrity, and authentication data. Text security is done by a hybrid cryptography in a text file that is first performed using ADFGVX Cipher encryption, then the results of ADFGVX Cipher encryption is encrypted using the RSA. Testing primes using the Fermat algorithm. Implementation of the system using C# programming language in Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. The system on RSA was tested with a maximum key length of 256 bits to 32 bits intervals.
El diálogo interdisciplinario para una ética armónica en la Declaración de Cartagena
Authors: García Brito Abril , Iturbe Sánchez José Mariano
Published: November 2021

En el presente artículo se analizará la Declaración de Cartagena desde una perspectiva filosófica, utilizando como metodología una hermenéutica diatópica, la cual toma los puntos comunes entre la multiplicidad de disciplinas, que permitan una interpretación legítima del ser humano y su nutrición. Es por ello por lo que en esta ocasión se parte del cuarto principio de la Declaración, el cual busca el diálogo interdisciplinario que, desde una interpretación filosófica, solicita no reducir al ser humano a un objeto de estudio o una suerte de especialización temática. Dicho análisis lleva a proponer una ética de la armonía entre las disciplinas. Palabras clave: interdisciplinariedad, diálogo, ética, Declaración de Cartagena.
Bioética en investigación en nutrición clínica
Authors: Maza Moscoso Claudia Patricia , Mayen Víctor Alfonso , González Patzán Luis Demetrio
Published: November 2021

La bioética es el estudio sistemático de la conducta humana en los campos de las ciencias biológicas y de la atención de la salud. La nutrición clínica es parte de las ciencias de la salud, y los profesionales de la nutrición deben considerarse dentro del marco bioético internacional como parte de la comunidad científica. La investigación científica constituye la única manera de resolver las preguntas científicas de forma rigurosa, integral y sistemática; es por esto por lo que la investigación en nutrición clínica debe regirse por los principios de la bioética, y los protocolos de investigación en nutrición clínica deben seguir todos los principios de las buenas prácticas clínicas de investigación plasmados en la Declaración de Helsinki. Palabras clave: investigación, nutrición clínica, bioética, autonomía, beneficencia, no maleficencia, justicia, Declaración de Helsinki.