bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konflik dan Resolusi: Peristiwa Berdarah di Tapanuli Masa Revolusi
Authors: Silaban Edward , Suprayitno Suprayitno , Nuhung Nuhung
Published: August 2024

After the proclamation of Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945, the resistance to the formation of the Republic of Indonesia among local rulers in East Sumatera, including the kings in Tapanuli, revealed the opposite. The kings and sultans was still adamant in maintaining their position and did not want to switch from an autocracy system to a democratic system because during local rulers were given many special privileges by the Dutch. Utilizing historical methods encompassing heuristic, verification, interpretation and historiography, as well as using the concept of revolution, to reveal causes and trajectory of the bloody events in Tapanuli during the Revolution. This study reveals that the violent incident in Tapanuli was driven by the Pesindo troops and the unionist from East Sumatra targeting the local kings. The resolution of the bloody conflict involved Tentara Repiblik Indonesia (TRI) and also traditional reconciliation as well as traditional reconciliation practices such as buffalo slaughtering and communal feasting.
Colonial Diplomatic Relations and the Development of Pearling Industry in the Netherlands Indies, 1894-1899
Authors: Rasyid Rangga Ardia
Published: August 2024

The pearling industry that developed in the Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia) had a particularly Australian character. This influence was especially pronounced during the time of James Clark and his Celebes Trading Company (CTC) consortium (1905-1918), which operated primarily in the Aru Islands of the southeastern Moluccas. However, even before the CTC, Anglospheric influence was evident in the Ordinances passed by the Dutch colonial government throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While discussions of transnational elements in pearling history have often focused on Australian capitalist expansion or pearling crew movements, often overlooked aspect is the role of colonial government policy. Therefore, this research primarily utilizes the abundant colonial archives housed in the Indonesian National Archive (ANRI) in Jakarta, focusing on documents related to the drafting of pearling ordinances. Additionally, Australian and Dutch newspaper archives obtained from online sites are also consulted. By examining these sources, this article highlights the use of colonial diplomatic networks in formulating a new pearling industry, particularly the correspondence between Dutch and British colonial officials. It also aims to understand how these diplomatic networks influenced the growth of the pearling business in the Netherlands East Indies. This research concludes that transnational forces played a significant role in shaping the legal structure of the Netherlands East Indies pearling industry. It demonstrates that the Dutch colonial state was not simply a passive actor reacting to external threats. Instead, it actively participated in creating the legal framework for pearl fishing in the region.
PCSP: Efficiently Answering Label-Constrained Shortest Path Queries in Road Networks
Authors: Wang Libin , Wong Raymond Chi-Wing
Published: August 2024

Shortest path queries are ubiquitous in many spatial applications. Existing solutions assign numerical weights to edges and compute the path with the minimum sum of edge weights. However, in practice, the road categories associated with edges (e.g., toll) can make shortest paths undesirable, e.g., they may use unfavorable toll roads. Augmenting each edge with a label to denote its category, we study theLabel-Constrained Shortest Path(LCSP) query that finds the shortest path under the constraint that the edge labels along the path should follow a pattern expressed by a formal language. There have been extensive LCSP solutions, but they are either inefficient in query processing or limited to special languages with low expressiveness capacity. In this paper, we propose the index calledPartially Constrained Shortest Path(PCSP), which answers each query quickly by concatenating two shortest paths that partially satisfy the constraint and support more general regular languages. We also present pruning techniques that further optimize query efficiency. Experimental comparison with the state-of-the-art index demonstrates the superiority of PCSP. It can answer each LCSP query in around 100 microseconds and runs faster than the best-known solution by up to two orders of magnitude.
Bf-Tree: A Modern Read-Write-Optimized Concurrent Larger-Than-Memory Range Index
Authors: Hao Xiangpeng , Chandramouli Badrish
Published: August 2024

A B-Tree is the most widely used range index for larger-than-memory data systems. It organizes data in pages (usually 4 KB) that efficiently align with disk IO operations, fully utilizing each IO operation to narrow down the search space. On the other hand, a B-Tree's page-based organization leads to inefficient caching and high write amplification, as it needs to cache the entire page as a whole while often only a small subset of records are hot, and it needs to write the entire page for a single record update.

The key insight of this paper is to
separate cache pages from disk pages
, i.e., a cache page is no longer a pure mirror of its disk content, but instead, it forms a judiciously chosen subset of the disk page that is worth caching, and can absorb both read and write operations in a consistent manner. Based on this insight, we propose Bf-Tree, a modern B-Tree that is
read-write-optimized
by building a new variable-length buffer pool to manage such cache pages, called
mini-pages.
Bf-Tree uses this in-memory buffer pool to support efficient record-level caching, buffering recent updates, caching range gaps, as well as mirrors of disk pages when needed. We implement a fully featured and modern Bf-Tree in Rust with 13k lines of code, and show that Bf-Tree is 2.5× faster than RocksDB (LSM-Tree) for scan operations, 6× faster than a B-Tree for write operations, and 2× faster than both B-Trees and LSM-Trees for point lookups. We believe these results firmly establish a new standard for database storage engines of the future.
Chameleon: Foundation Models for Fairness-Aware Multi-Modal Data Augmentation to Enhance Coverage of Minorities
Authors: Erfanian Mahdi , Jagadish H. V. , Asudeh Abolfazl
Published: August 2024

Potential harms from the under-representation of minorities in data, particularly in multi-modal settings, is a well-recognized concern. While there has been extensive effort in detecting such under-representation, resolution has remained a challenge.

With recent generative AI advancements, large language and foundation models have emerged as versatile tools across various domains. In this paper, we propose Chameleon, a system that efficiently utilizes these tools to augment a dataset with minimal addition of synthetically generated tuples to enhance the coverage of the under-represented groups. Our system applies quality and outlier-detection tests to ensure the quality and semantic integrity of the generated tuples. In order to minimize the rejection chance of the generated tuples, we propose multiple strategies to provide a guide for the foundation model. Our experiment results, in addition to confirming the efficiency of our proposed algorithms, illustrate our approach's effectiveness, as the model's unfairness in a downstream task significantly dropped after data repair using Chameleon.
Estimation model of wild fractional vegetation cover based on RGB vegetation index and its application
Authors: Dai Shaojun , Zhou Jian , Ning Xianping , Xu Jianxin , Wang Hua
Published: August 2024

An accurate survey of field vegetation information facilitates the evaluation of ecosystems and the improvement of remote sensing models. Extracting fractional vegetation cover (FVC) information using aerial images is one of the important areas of unmanned aerial vehicles. However, for a field with diverse vegetation species and a complex surface environment, FVC estimation still has difficulty guaranteeing accuracy. A segmented FVC calculation method based on a thresholding algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy and speed of FVC estimation. The FVC estimation models were analyzed by randomly selected sample images using four vegetation indices: excess green, excess green minus excess red index, green leaf index, and red green blue vegetation index (RGBVI). The results showed that the empirical model method performed poorly (validating R
2 = 0.655 to 0.768). The isodata and triangle thresholding algorithms were introduced for vegetation segmentation, and their accuracy was analyzed. The results showed that the correlation between FVC estimation under RGBVI was the highest, and the triangle and isodata thresholding algorithms were complementary in terms of vegetation recognition accuracy, based on which a segmentation method of FVC calculation combining triangle and isodata algorithms was proposed. After testing, the accuracy of the improved FVC calculation method is higher than 90%, and the vegetation recognition accuracy is improved to more than 80%. This study is a positive guide to using digital cameras in field surveys.
Application of remote sensing in monitoring land degradation: A case study of Stanari municipality (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Sabljić Luka , Lukić Tin , Bajić Davorin , Marković Slobodan B. , Delić Dragica
Published: August 2024

The subject of the research represents the application of remote sensing in monitoring land degradation in the municipality of Stanari in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The aim of the study is to identify spatial changes during the research period (2017–2023) by processing remote sensing “products.” Within the changes in land use, the focus is placed on alterations resulting from surface mineral resource mining activities. The total approved exploitation area amounts to 3841.08 ha, covering almost a quarter of the municipality (23.89%). Monitoring changes in land use was conducted through the processing of Sentinel-2 images using supervised classification (SC). The classification results were compared with the Dynamic World (DW) dataset. Results indicate significant losses in forested areas, reduced by −7.23% (DW) or −2.43% (SC) at the municipal level and −11.48% (DW) or −5.90% (SC) within the exploitation area. Spatial extents of deforestation were identified and analyzed based on processing the Hansen Global Forest Data Change dataset. The deforestation area, caused by mining activity in B&H over the research period (2001–2021), amounts to 977.94 ha, with 264.25 ha (27.02%) within the Stanari municipality. Over 90% of the cleared forest area is within the exploitation area. High erosion coefficient values (Z) were recorded within the approved exploitation area, coinciding with the spatial coverage of deforestation. Additionally, results obtained using an empirical method for studying mechanical water erosion (W
y) indicate a high intensity within the exploitation area. For the approved exploitation area, possibilities for the restoration of degraded land were analyzed, including an overview of activities conducted so far and mapping some of the previously reclaimed areas. The research contributes to a better understanding of spatial changes resulting from mining activities, and the presented data are significant for numerous practical issues, such as sustainable land use planning, spatial planning, protection of forest ecosystems, and the environment.
Understanding Environmental NGOs’ Inclusiveness: A Comparative Analysis of Two Australian Climate Action Groups
Authors: Chang Patrick
Published: August 2024

It is a perennial challenge for different political organisations, including environmental NGOs (ENGOs), to accommodate diverse social and political groups’ interests, opinions, and experiences. Without sufficient inclusiveness, ENGOs struggle to help create social and political change at a much faster pace, with climate action in Australia being a key example. In this regard, this paper argues that inclusiveness needs to encompass three dimensions, diversity, equity, and procedural justice, which are critical to managing internal tensions, disagreements, and conflicts. Evidence from two different ENGOs, the Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) and Extinction Rebellion Australia (XR Aus), shows that despite different types of organisational structures and resource availability, there are different challenges and opportunities for the two ENGOs in trying to establish and maintain higher inclusiveness. While diversity remains challenging to both groups, XR Aus’s self-organising and decentralisation have much easier access to decision-making and autonomous participation than ACF. However, it remains to be seen if XR Aus could harass its organising features to establish and maintain a higher level of procedural justice. These findings are relevant not only to issues in climate action problems but also to other collective action problems such as ethnics equality, domestic violence, income disparity, and gun control.
Green chemistry for all: three principles of Inclusive Green and Sustainable Chemistry Education
Authors: da Silva Júnior Carlos Alberto , Girotto Júnior Gildo , Morais Carla , Jesus Dosil Pereira de
Published: August 2024

The three principles of Inclusive Green and Sustainable Chemistry Education (IGSCE) are presented to guide the reflection, design, and implementation of potentially inclusive materials and approaches. These principles refer to (i) embracing student-centered learning, (ii) promoting teaching in the five levels of representation in chemistry, and (iii) adapting the curriculum to empower students to apply their academic skills effectively to real-life situations through supportive teaching and social guidance. Educational elements conducive to potentially inclusive classrooms and their interconnections are identified and discussed. These include using the Triangular Bipyramid Metaphor (TBM) to facilitate academic inclusivity for individuals with and without disabilities, such as those who are deaf and blind. Further, the importance of ensuring that all students, regardless of their abilities, can fully participate in the educational experience is highlighted, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG #4) to achieve inclusive education and lifelong learning opportunities. Green chemistry should be available to everyone, not just a few. It promotes sustainable development and deserves global recognition and support. The change agents targeted by these three principles of IGSCE include, but are not limited to, educators, researchers, teachers, and students in secondary and university education.
Studio Art Therapy Learning Ecology: Crossing Borders between Art, Education, Health, and Therapy
Authors: Grushka Kathryn
Published: August 2024

Studio Art Therapy is a unique learning ecology with border crossings between visual arts therapies and art studio practice, education, and health. The increased fluidity between research and practice spaces, art therapy, and arts health are elaborated as a concept, theorized with the western Deleuzoguattarian philosophy. Connections and differentiations between art making and art as therapy are revealed in a discussion of an empirical research project Art, Visual Narrative, and Wellbeing Project (AVNAW). Studio art therapy focuses on body, meaning, and healing. It speaks to the value of people making art, reflecting and talking about their making processes alone and together through an autoethnographic visual narrative approach to artmaking. The paper asks how studio visual artmaking can activate individual productive desire to adapt toward becoming well through artmaking. Care, community, belonging, and resilience are core to a studio art therapy learning ecology that responds to real-life experiences in the support of personal care and wellbeing.
The Art of Planting Rice as a Meditative Practice: Sensemaking and Equanimity about Societal Disruption through Performance Art
Authors: Jodog I Made , Bendell Jem
Published: August 2024

The impact of COVID-19 on Bali, Indonesia, decimated a significant part of the economy, resulting in unemployment and underemployment, which increased economic difficulties and related anxiety. Many people returned to small-holder farming to sustain their families. Away from farming, meditation is widely recognized as a means for equanimity and coping better with anxiety. In solidarity with the return to farming in Bali, the lead author of this paper created a performance art experience involving the planting of rice as a meditative practice. This paper summarizes the process and what was learned during the experience, using elements of qualitative research. The analysis affirms the role of artistic expression in supporting people’s sensemaking about societal disruption, with implications for social learning and mental well-being.
Brief and Diverse Excitotoxic Insults Increase the Neuronal Nuclear Membrane Permeability in the Neonatal Brain, Resulting in Neuronal Dysfunction and Cell Death
Authors: Suryavanshi Pratyush , Langton Rachel , Fairhead Kimberly , Glykys Joseph
Published: August 2024

Neuronal cytotoxic edema is implicated in neuronal injury and death, yet mitigating brain edema with osmotic and surgical interventions yields poor clinical outcomes. Importantly, neuronal swelling and its downstream consequences during early brain development remain poorly investigated, and new treatment approaches are needed. We explored Ca2+-dependent downstream effects after neuronal cytotoxic edema caused by diverse injuries in mice of both sexes using multiphoton Ca2+imaging in vivo [Postnatal Day (P)12–17] and in acute brain slices (P8–12). After different excitotoxic insults, cytosolic GCaMP6s translocated into the nucleus after a few minutes in a subpopulation of neurons, persisting for hours. We used an automated morphology-detection algorithm to detect neuronal soma and quantified the nuclear translocation of GCaMP6s as the nuclear to cytosolic intensity (N/Cratio). Elevated neuronalN/Cratios occurred concurrently with persistent elevation in Ca2+loads and could also occur independently from neuronal swelling. Electron microscopy revealed that the nuclear translocation was associated with the increased nuclear pore size. The nuclear accumulation of GCaMP6s in neurons led to neocortical circuit dysfunction, mitochondrial pathology, and increased cell death. Inhibiting calpains, a family of Ca2+-activated proteases, prevented elevatedN/Cratios and neuronal swelling. In summary, in the developing brain, we identified a calpain-dependent alteration of nuclear transport in a subpopulation of neurons after disease-relevant insults leading to long-term circuit dysfunction and cell death. The nuclear translocation of GCaMP6 and other cytosolic proteins after acute excitotoxicity can be an early biomarker of brain injury in the developing brain.
Dopamine and Norepinephrine Differentially Mediate the Exploration–Exploitation Tradeoff
Authors: Chen Cathy S. , Mueller Dana , Knep Evan , Ebitz R. Becket , Grissom Nicola M.
Published: August 2024

Dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) have been repeatedly implicated in neuropsychiatric vulnerability, in part via their roles in mediating the decision-making processes. Although two neuromodulators share a synthesis pathway and are coactivated under states of arousal, they engage in distinct circuits and modulatory roles. However, the specific role of each neuromodulator in decision-making, in particular the exploration–exploitation tradeoff, remains unclear. Revealing how each neuromodulator contributes to exploration–exploitation tradeoff is important in guiding mechanistic hypotheses emerging from computational psychiatric approaches. To understand the differences and overlaps of the roles of these two catecholamine systems in regulating exploration, a direct comparison using the same dynamic decision-making task is needed. Here, we ran male and female mice in a restless two-armed bandit task, which encourages both exploration and exploitation. We systemically administered a nonselective DA antagonist (flupenthixol), a nonselective DA agonist (apomorphine), a NE beta-receptor antagonist (propranolol), and a NE beta-receptor agonist (isoproterenol) and examined changes in exploration within subjects across sessions. We found a bidirectional modulatory effect of dopamine on exploration. Increasing dopamine activity decreased exploration and decreasing dopamine activity increased exploration. The modulatory effect of beta-noradrenergic receptor activity on exploration was mediated by sex. Reinforcement learning model parameters suggested that dopamine modulation affected exploration via decision noise and norepinephrine modulation affected exploration via sensitivity to outcome. Together, these findings suggested that the mechanisms that govern the exploration–exploitation transition are sensitive to changes in both catecholamine functions and revealed differential roles for NE and DA in mediating exploration.
Changes in redox network expression during Caco-2 cell differentiation into enterocytes
Authors: Zhu Wei , Cremonini Eleonora , Oteiza Patricia I
Published: August 2024

Graphical abstract

Objective

This work characterized fluctuations in cell components involved in the regulation of cell redox homeostasis during Caco-2 cell differentiation into enterocytes.

Methods

Caco-2 cells were differentiated for 10 days. Gene expression of NADPH oxidases; enzymes that metabolize superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, proteins involved in the production and/or regeneration of glutathione, thioredoxin, and in NADPH production, and NRF2-dependent genes were measured by qPCR at 0, 1, 4, 7, and 10 days post-confluence.

Results

NADPH oxidase 1 mRNA levels decreased with Caco-2 cell differentiation, in agreement with its role in regulating cell proliferation. NADPH oxidase 4, DUOX2, superoxide dismutase 1, and catalase mRNA levels increased with differentiation. NRF2 mRNA levels increased with differentiation up to day 4 post-confluence, reaching a plateau until day 10. A similar pattern was observed for the NRF2-regulated genes: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, glutathione reductase 1, and thioredoxin reductase 1. On the contrary, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit mRNA levels decreased after reaching a maximum 4 days post-confluence. This and the finding of a correlation between glutathione reductase 1 and thioredoxin reductase 1 mRNA levels suggest that recycling of glutathione and thioredoxin is more relevant than their synthesis during Caco-2 cell differentiation.

Conclusion

Results support the relevance of redox homeostasis for cell fate decisions and in preparing enterocytes to interact with their environment.

Significance statement

Current findings resemble changes in redox components previously characterized in vivo. This stresses the concept that Caco-2 cells are an appropriate model to be used to evaluate redox-regulated mechanisms in human enterocytes.
Essential Elements of Principal Leadership: A Literature Review of the Leadership Qualities of Primary and Secondary Principals
Authors: Chen Xuan , Chen Hong
Published: August 2024

Amidst ongoing educational reform around the world, the leadership qualities of primary and secondary principals have captured the increased interest of researchers. This article aims to explore the essential components of principal leadership by conducting a literature review of relevant research both in China and other countries. The survey finds that despite the variations in the definitions of principal leadership in different regions and at different times, there are still certain shared key elements in them. It summarizes the core qualities of principal leadership at the basic education level in terms of personal traits, the capacity to influence people, and the ability to make sustainable organizational improvements.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN BERBASIS GENRE PADA PEMBELAJARAN BIPA DARING
Authors: Fauzi Fakhri , Kartika-Ningsih Harni
Published: August 2024

Genre-based Approach (GBA) is a teaching method that has long been implemented in the English learning context as well as other foreign language learning contexts. In this study, we examined the application of GBA in an online BIPA (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing or Indonesian for Foreign Language Speakers) class by observing the classroom interaction patterns. The objective of this research is twofold. It is to investigate the extent to which the genre-based approach is applied and to discover the application of genre-based stages Building Knowledge of Field and Modelling in one online BIPA class. This study employed a qualitative discourse analytic method, specifically classroom discourse analysis following pedagogic register framework from systemic functional linguistics. The data were collected from the recordings of online BIPA class in two sessions, focusing on the stage of Building Knowledge of the Field and Modelling. The results indicate a variety of learning activities and a tendency of classifying a language skill to a specific stage from the GBA. These variations of activities and the classification of language skills suggest that there is a modification of the stage of genre-based approach in online BIPA class which is distinctive to that of other offline implementations.
Perspektif Najwa Shihab dalam Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Kajian Wacana Kritis Nourman Fairclough
Authors: Faznur Lutfi Syauki , Rasyid Yumna , Anwar Miftahulkhairah , D'Agostino Matteo
Published: August 2024

Tragedi Kanjuruhan yang terjadi pasca pertandingan Arema FC vs Persebaya menuai perhatian banyak masyarakat dalam dan luar negeri. Tragedi yang telah menghilangkan korban dalam jumlah yang banyak mengakibatkan beberapa tokoh ikut berbicara, salah satunya adalah Najwa Shihab, seorang news anchor dan presenter talkshow professional yang memiliki kompetensi komunikasi yang sangat baik Ketika melakukan praktik komunikkasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi Najwa Shihab dalam menanggapi tragedi Kanjuruhan yang di kemas dalam kajian wacana kritis yang dikembangkan oleh Nourman Fairclough. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan pendekatan teoritis analisis wacana kritis Nourman Fairclough. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji melalui tiga tradisi Nourman Fairclough analisis teks discourse practice, dan sociocultural practice . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya temuqn mengenai representasi masyarakat terhadap pertaaggungjawaban tragedi Kanjuruhan.  Aspek kebahasaan diksi dan penggunaan kalimat yang digunakan oleh Najwa Sihab telah menempatkan representasi masyarakat Indonesia terhadap ketidakbecusan pelaksana sepak bola. Keberpihakan Najwa Sihab pada korban tragedi Kanjuruhan yang menyebabkan produksi teks yang dihasilkan menimbulkan citra negatif terhadap pihak tertentu.
REKOGNISI KOMPETENSI BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIF GURU DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Syamsiyah Nur , Leksono Robertus Pujo
Published: August 2024

Pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi menyebabkan hilangnya tradisi berpikir kritis dan rendahnya kreativitas siswa. Hilangya tradisi tersebut disebabkan karena siswa kurang distimulasi dan dievaluasi oleh pihak sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan rekognisi kompetensi berpikir kritis dan kreatif yang dimiliki oleh guru Bahasa Indonesia SMA/MA di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru Bahasa Indonesia di 20 SMA/MA Negeri dan Swasta di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan survei. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Rekognisi Guru Bahasa Indonesia di kota Tangerang Selatan dalam pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi covid 19 adalah laku kognitif secara sadar akan ancaman dari luar berupa tantangan abad 21 yang bermuara pada revolusi industri 4.0. 2) Berdasarkan analisis soal MCR (Multiple-Choise with Reason) tampak dari hasil rerata skor yang diperoleh bahwa guru SMA di Tangsel sudah menstimulasi siswa untuk berpikir kritis. 3) Guru Bahasa Indonesia sudah menstimulasi siswa untuk berpikir kreatif ditunjukkan dengan sisitem evaluasi yang diberikan melalui pembuatan soal esay. Secara keseluruhan dari 6 sekolah yang diteliti 3 sekolah yakni SMAN 1 Ciputat, SMA Kharisma Bangsa, dan SMKN 7 Tangsel memperoleh skor 100. Sementara itu, tiga sekolah lainnya yakni MAN 1 Serpong skor 95, MA Islamiyah Ciputat skor 95 dan SMK Kesehatan Nusantara skor 90.
Pemaknaan dan Simbolisasi Ikan dalam Khazanah Naskah Melayu: Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes
Authors: Putra Ragil , Buduroh Mamlahatun
Published: August 2024

Al-Attas in one of his sub-chapters mentions the use of the word 'Ikan Tunggal' (Unique Fish) in one of Hamza Fansuri's works entitled Sha’ir Jawl fasal fl bayan ‘Ilm al-Suluk wa’l-Tawhid. "Ikan Tunggal" or Unique Fish is a symbol of the Spirit, or can be interpreted as 'soul' or 'al-Ruh'. The problem discussed is whether the meaning of "ikan" brought by Hamza Fansuri affects the meaning of "ikan" in Malay texts or not. The corpus data used comes from the Malay Concordance Project by utilizing the direct search and chronological order features to bring up the word "ikan" in different texts and periods. This is qualitative research and the collected data would be analyzed with descriptive methods. All the collected data would be interpreted one by one according to the context in the text itself and with some addition to the secondary data, which is another research to support the arguments. The results of this paper conclude that the concept of "ikan" brought by Hamza Fansuri was not immediately accepted and followed by Malay authors and copyists because they still have their own variety. However, two works are excluded from interpreting "ikan" with such a concept, namely "ikan" as a sign in a dream and "ikan" as a catastrophic phenomenon from Allah SWT.Keyword: Hamzah Fansuri; Al-Attas; Ikan; Naskah Melayu; Semiotics; Roland Barthes.
Back to Future: 2024–2025 Influenza Vaccine Coding
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: August 2024

This article reviews the codes for trivalent influenza vaccines, including the following: Codes for trivalent vaccine productsReporting National Drug Codes (NDCs)Reporting immunization administrationCounseling without administration
ICD-10-CM Update Preview: Code Changes for October 2024
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: August 2024

This article previews diagnosis code changes that will be implemented on October 1, 2024, and are likely to affect reporting of pediatric conditions, including changes to codes reported for the following conditions: Anorexia, binge eating, and bulimiaCongenital malformation of aortic and mitral valvesDuffy phenotypeFanconi anemiaFistula of anal and rectal regionsKleefstra syndromeSepsis aftercareSocial determinants of health
Memes de internet como mapas de eventos políticos y herramientas de participación política digital: el caso de la ministra de salud del gobierno de Costa Rica (2022-2023)
Authors: Obando Reyes Fernando J.
Published: August 2024

El siguiente artículo propone a los memes de internet como insumos comunicacionales digitales capaces de mapear elementos clave en eventos políticos específicos. Su objetivo es demostrar que los memes de internet son una herramienta de participación política digital fundamental para los sujetos en red que expresan su opinión de manera constante en plataformas socio-digitales a través de “cuentas de memes”. Para centrar la discusión en un caso concreto se ha elegido un hecho de gran cobertura mediática en Costa Rica: la segunda comparecencia de la Exministra de salud, Joselyn Chacón Madrigal, ante la Asamblea Legislativa y su posterior renuncia.  Este evento estuvo precedido y seguido por una gran cantidad de memes de internet, sin embargo, con el fin de generar una delimitación, se revisaron 2 cuentas de memes de internet en Instagram (“Meme Amplio” y “Memenoticias”) de las cuales se seleccionaron 17 memes a los que se les aplicó un ejercicio de Análisis Crítico del Discurso. Como principal resultado, se demuestra que los memes de internet son “mapas imperfectos” y con limitaciones analíticas, pero que permiten ubicar actores políticos relevantes asociados al evento explorado, así como mensajes eclécticos que juegan con diferentes capas emocionales, siendo la humorística una de las más importantes pero no la única. Aunado a esto, se ubica que los memes de internet y las “cuentas de memes” se involucran con una dimensión de participación política en la cual se genera un espacio que permite el encuentro de ideas similares y seguimientos diferenciados a eventos políticos. Se concluye que los memes de internet pueden ser vistos como repertorios de acción conectiva los cuales a pesar de sus limitaciones coadyuvan a la participación política en internet y ponen de manifiesto la paradoja entre lo efímero y lo duradero en el contexto digital.
Origen de los sismos sentidos en Costa Rica durante el año 2023
Authors: Línkimer Lepolt , Fallas Carolina , Arroyo Ivonne G.
Published: August 2024

Los 153 sismos sentidos en Costa Rica durante el 2023 pueden agruparse en cuatro categorías de acuerdo con su origen: fallamiento en las placas cabalgantes Caribe y Panamá, zonas interplacas de la subducción de Coco y Caribe, deformación interna de la placa Coco subducida y fallamiento del límite entre las placas Coco y Nazca. La sismicidad sentida representa solo el ~3 % del total de 4438 eventos localizados por la Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN) en el 2023, los cuales, equivalen en conjunto a la energía liberada por un terremoto de magnitud momento (Mw) 6,6. Los sismos ocasionados por fallamiento superficial ocurrieron en fallas de todos los tipos y geometrías, mientras que los ocasionados por subducción fueron de tipo inverso y los asociados con el límite Coco-Nazca de desplazamiento de rumbo. Los mecanismos focales en los sismos por deformación interna de la placa Coco fueron oblicuos con componentes normales o inversas. Los sismos sentidos de mayor tamaño del 2023 fueron cuatro eventos de Mw 6,4-6,5 con epicentros en países vecinos, por lo que se percibieron de forma leve en Costa Rica. La intensidad máxima observada en el 2023 fue de VI, debido a dos sismos (Mw 5,5 y 5,2) originados por fallamiento en las placas cabalgantes.
The germs of environmental protection in Roman law
Authors: Kranjc Janez
Published: August 2024

Most legal institutions of modern civil law have their origins, at least in principle, in Roman law. This can also be seen in cases and legal reasoning related to the environment since certain rudiments or precursors of modern environmental law can be found in the writings of classical Roman jurists. Nevertheless, it would be an overstatement to speak of Roman environmental law. The focus of Roman classical jurists was on the protection of concrete property rights, mainly in neighborhood contexts. Only a few cases show that the underlying motive of legal argument was the protection of public interest, which brings these cases closer to the idea of modern environmental law.
Error management theory and the ability to bias belief and doubt
Authors: Fox Nathan J.
Published: August 2024

Error Management Theory (EMT) suggests that cognitive adaptations evolved to minimize the cost of false negative and false positive errors in detections of consequential environmental conditions. These adaptations manifest as biases tailored to specific environmental conditions. This paper proposes that the same selection pressure fostered the evolution of a self-biasing ability, allowing us to minimize such costs based on experience and culturally transmitted information. The research indicates that this ability specifically applies to productions of belief or doubt about the existence of an environmental condition that is not adequately perceptible to the senses, e.g., doubt that the man is being honest. A model of this self-biasing process, rooted in signal detection theory, is developed and its explanatory reach is demonstrated through many diverse examples from epistemological and social psychological literatures. These examples feature an evidentiary standard for belief that appears too high or low, or seems to have modulated. This study aims to correct and to significantly enhance EMT by introducing this evolved self-biasing ability.
Spray drift reduction management in agriculture: A review
Authors: Khan Fraz Ahmad , Khorsandi Farzaneh , Ali Muddassir , Ghafoor Abdul , Raza Khan Rana Ahsan , Umair Muhammad , Shahzaib  , Rehman Abdul , Hussain Zahid
Published: August 2024

The spray is the primary method to apply pesticides to the crops. To provide enough coverage and deposition on target surfaces, the drop size produced during spray application must be precisely calibrated; nevertheless, it must not be too tiny to cause the undesirable phenomena known as “spray drift”. Spray drift is the movement of droplets in the atmosphere during or after spraying. The negative effect of spray drift can harm human health, livestock, and adjacent crops or can cause environmental pollution. To address this problem, a lot of work has been done. Previous studies on spray drift reduction approaches including factors promoting drift, drift measuring technologies, drift prediction models, and drift reduction technologies, were reviewed in this paper. Based on the literature review, future research and developments are projected. This review may provide guidance and reference to researchers for further development and improvement in drift reduction technologies.
The relationship between athletes’ grit, mental toughness, and sport resilience
Authors: Mendizabal Bengie
Published: August 2024

Background and Study Aim. Several studies have been conducted on athletes’ grit, mental toughness, and sports resilience. However, such studies have not been documented for athletes in the Higher Education sector in the Philippines. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between grit, mental toughness, and sports resilience among student-athletes at a selected state university.
Material and Methods. The respondents for this study were student-athletes from Bulacan State University in the Philippines. Data were collected from male and female university student-athletes who participated in regional and national competitions. Purposive sampling procedures were employed to select participants from among 358 student-athletes. A total of 264 participants (male, n = 162, 61.4%; female, n = 102, 38.6%) took part in the study. Data collection involved the use of a questionnaire consisting of four sections. Section A sought the student-athlete’s demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and sports event. Section B consisted of the Grit Scale with 12 item questions. Section C comprised the Mental Toughness Questionnaire with 14 items to assess the student-athletes’ mental toughness. Section D consisted of the Resilience Scale for Athletes with 27 items. Using SmartPLS4, a factor analysis was performed to determine if the questionnaires were applicable in the current cultural context. This statistical analysis also assessed the reliability and validity of the instruments. Lastly, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS ver. 29) was used to perform multiple regression analysis.
Results. It was observed that grit and mental toughness predict sports resilience [F(2, 261) = 62.553, p < .001]. Furthermore, the R² = .324 indicates that the model accounts for 32.4% of the variance in sports resilience. The coefficients were also regressed to determine the direct influence of each independent variable. It was found that grit predicts sports resilience (β = .250, t = 5.000, p < .001), indicating a direct relationship. Moreover, it was observed that mental toughness predicts sports resilience (β = .314, t = 5.325, p < .001), suggesting that mental toughness directly influences sports resilience.
Conclusions. The results of this study highlight the vital role that mental toughness and grit play in helping athletes develop sports resilience. Future research should examine the differences in mental toughness and grit among athletes with different athletic statuses. Limitations and recommendations for further research are also presented.
Relationship between ball speed in instep and inside foot kicks and anthropometric, motor, and anaerobic performance parameters in male football players
Authors: Karadenizli Zeynep İ. , Zileli Raif , Özkamçı Hüseyin
Published: August 2024

Background and Study Aim. Football performance often depends on the ability to execute powerful and precise kicks. Understanding the factors influencing ball speed can help optimize training methods. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between ball speed in instep and inside foot kicks and some anthropometric, motor characteristics, and anaerobic performance parameters in male football players.
Material and Methods. This study was conducted with 17 volunteer football players from the university football team. Their average age was 23.11 ±1.61 years. They had an average height of 177.52 ±6.14 cm, an average body weight of 76.25 ±5.74 kg, and an average body mass index of 24.20 ±1.55 kg/m². Participants underwent measurements for various anthropometric characteristics, including height, leg length, body weight, and thigh and leg circumferences. Motor characteristics measured included 30m sprint speed, vertical jump height, horizontal jump distance, and leg and grip strength. Anaerobic power was calculated using the Lewis formula. To determine ball speed, a radar (Sports Radar 3300) was used. The Shapiro-Wilk test determined the normality distribution, and the Levene test assessed variance homogeneity. Since the data showed parametric characteristics, Pearson correlation analysis was used. Statistical significance was initially set at p<0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.
Results. According to the findings, statistically significant differences were found between instep kick ball speed and inside foot kick ball speed (r = 0.65). Significant differences were also observed between leg length and shoe size (r = 0.61), and between anaerobic power and leg length (r = 0.67), thigh circumference (r = 0.51), and leg circumference (r = 0.53) (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found among other parameters (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. No significant relationships were found between ball speed in instep and inside foot kicks and anthropometric, motor, and anaerobic parameters in university male football players. This result may be attributed to the varying levels of the club teams to which the players of the university football team belong.
Acute effects of whole-body vibration during dynamic lunge movement on jump and sprint performances
Authors: Kale Mehmet , Tolali Ali Berkay , Togram Tolga , Basoglu Umut Davut
Published: August 2024

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of whole-body vibration applied to the dominant and non-dominant leg during repetitive lunge movements on jump and sprint performance. Material and Methods. Thirty-five male students from the Faculty of Sport Sciences voluntarily participated in the study. Participants performed squat jumps and countermovement jumps, and a 30-m sprint test on a non-motorized treadmill as pre- and post-tests. Participants were divided into the experimental group (n = 19, age: 22.0 ± 1.9 years, height: 177.7 ± 6.3 cm, body weight: 75.5 ± 12.6 kg) and the control group (n = 16, age: 21.9 ± 1.9 years, height: 173.4 ± 4.1 cm, body weight: 67.7 ± 7.1 kg). In the experimental group, a whole-body vibration of 50 Hz frequency and 4 mm amplitude was continuously applied to the dominant front leg. This was done on the whole-body vibration platform for 60 seconds throughout the repetitive lunge movement. At the end of the time, the leg was changed, and whole-body vibration was applied to the non-dominant leg using the same method. The control group performed the same movement without whole-body vibration. Pre- and post-test results were compared with an independent sample t-test within the group and a paired sample t-test between the groups. The statistical significance level was determined as p ≤ 0.05. Results. The experimental group showed statistically significant pre-test and post-test differences in 30-m sprint power, non-dominant leg power, and non-dominant leg horizontal force parameters (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). It was determined that performing dynamic lunge movements with the dominant and non-dominant legs using whole-body vibration significantly increased mean power and non-dominant leg horizontal force. Conclusions. The acute effect on power, particularly on non-dominant leg power and non-dominant leg horizontal force during the 30-m sprint, was significant. This showed that whole-body vibration can be used as a short-term training method. In studies aiming to determine the acute and chronic effects of exercises with whole-body vibration on various performance parameters, it is important to focus on the frequency and amplitude differences in certain protocols.
Sibling Rivalry: Timbulnya Kecemburuan Sosial yang Disebabkan Oleh Perbedaan Gender atau Rentang Usia Kelahiran (Kasus Pada Usia 3-6 tahun)
Authors: Kamil Nurhusni , Saputri Indri Dewi , Zahrah Faiqatuz , Mufida Aina Yulifa'atun
Published: August 2024

Competition between sibling relationships is inevitable. A little competition created between siblings is normal throughout the life span. This shows that the closeness between the two is close enough to give rise to many problems. However, this is not always good if it continues. Although in the end conflicts like this will disappear over time when each child reaches adulthood. Sibling rivalry starts from childhood. Every child who is not born as an only child will know about competition between siblings. This causes several changes in behavior towards a more negative direction. One of the negative attitudes produced by children is social jealousy between siblings which results in sudden and unusual changes in behavior. There are two factors that are generally known among the public, namely gender differences and birth age ranges. This research aims to find out and identify the factors that cause sibling rivalry in sibling relationships based on gender differences and birth age range. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research with a case study approach. The sample used in this study was 8 children with classifications, namely 4 pairs of children of the same gender and 4 pairs of children of different genders. The data collection technique used was in-depth and unstructured interviews submitted to each parent. For data analysis techniques using Miles and Huberman analysis techniques including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of the research show that the problematic competition that occurs between siblings which causes social jealousy is caused by the close birth age range between one child and another. This is the cause of social jealousy that often occurs between sibling relationships. So arguments often easily arise over trivial things.