bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELIMINATION OF DEFECTS OF SPATIAL DEVICES
Authors: Мудров  , Mudrov Aleksandr
Published: February 2016

The devices, built on the basis of spatial arrangements with rotational joints, having a number of advantages over known similar devices, also have specific disadvantages. These are: fluctuations of the body due to the uneven rotation of the driven member, the transfer of the uneven rotation from the slave to the driven unit and the source of drive. Several options for correcting these shortcomings, significantly improves device performance, were proposed in the article.
Absolute and Relative Subjective Civil Rights: Theoretical Issues
Authors: Sinitsyn S.
Published: February 2016

The author demonstrates that subjective rights are a precondition and the main object of legal regulation of public relations. Subjective rights are not a preference or a zone of exclusive competence of the civil law, but an object of comprehensive inter-branch legal regulation in any legal order. The author focuses on subjective civil rights and their classification into absolute and relative ones. The article considers and analyses the doctrine of absolute and relative subjective rights which dominates in the Russian and foreign jurisprudence. The author proves impossibility and groundlessness of differentiation of absolute and relative rights by the number of subjects liable, analyses general passive legal obligation, and substantiates its public rather than civil-law nature. In conclusion the author suggests his vision and understanding of absolute and relative subjective rights.
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: an overview
Authors: Davies Louise , Weickert Martin O
Published: February 2016

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET) represent a heterogeneous family of diseases of often challenging clinical management. Although many GEP-NET are slow progressing and frequently less aggressive than neoplasms of other origin, they can metastasise and reduce the life span of the patient. GEP-NET can be functioning (secreting hormones that may cause symptoms and organ damage), but some 60% are non-functioning. Thorough clinical assessment including family history, biochemical tests, radiology and nuclear medicine scans, and histological confirmation are important to tailor the optimal treatment of GEP-NET, which should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach and mainly guided by tumour grading and staging, functioning status, and location of the primary lesion.
Development and Standardization of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale: Application of Item Response Theory to the Assessment of Adaptive Behavior
Authors: Tassé Marc J. , Schalock Robert L. , Thissen David , Balboni Giulia , Bersani Henry (Hank) , Borthwick-Duffy Sharon A. , Spreat Scott , Widaman Keith F. , Zhang Dalun , Navas Patricia
Published: February 2016

The Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) was developed using item response theory (IRT) methods and was constructed to provide the most precise and valid adaptive behavior information at or near the cutoff point of making a decision regarding a diagnosis of intellectual disability. The DABS initial item pool consisted of 260 items. Using IRT modeling and a nationally representative standardization sample, the item set was reduced to 75 items that provide the most precise adaptive behavior information at the cutoff area determining the presence or not of significant adaptive behavior deficits across conceptual, social, and practical skills. The standardization of the DABS is described and discussed.
Clinical polymorphism of type 2 diabetes in children — the first study in Russia
Authors: Eremina Irina Aleksandrovna , Kuraeva Tamara Leonidovna , Zilberman Lubov Iosifovna , Mayorov Alexander Yur'evich , Koksharova Ekaterina Olegovna
Published: February 2016

Objective.To elucidate the specific features of diagnostics, clinical course and manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the children of the Russian population.Material and methods.A total of 80 children presenting with DM2 were enrolled in the study including 70 available for the dynamic examination, with the follow-up period of 2.6 years (1.5; 4.5). The general clinical examination of the patients was supplemented by measuring insulin secretion, studying HLA-polymorphism of the DQ and DR-genes, and determination of type 1 diabetes (DM1) — related specific antibodies (At).Results.The median age at diagnosis of DM2 was 13 years (11.5; 15.5). 58.8% of the children had a family history of DM2 but only 26.3% of them had classical complaints of diabetes mellitus. In 65% of the children, DM2 was diagnosed when they were passing medical examination in connection with obesity (in 51.9% with the use the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTP); 48.1% of these children had the fasting blood glucose level above 7.0 mmol/l. Ketonuria at the onset of the disease was documented in 21.3% of the patients while 85% were either obese or overweight. Antibodies (ICA and IAA) were detected in 15.2% of the children at a low titer. The HLA-genotype associated with a high risk of development of DM1 was identified in 5.5% of the cases. The glycosylated hemoglobin test revealed its mean level of 7.1% (6.3; 8.5%) at the onset of diabetes; in the majority of the children, it fell down below 6.5% within the first 3 years of the disease. During this period, insulin and C-peptide secretion remained elevated. Insulin resistance was initially documented in 81.3% of the children; the dynamic observation failed to show its appreciable decrease. Insulin therapy initiated at the onset of the disease was prescribed to 30% of the patients. After 3 years, only 8% of the children retaining endogenous insulin secretion continued to use insulin.Conclusion.The asymptomatic onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the children and adolescents emphasizes the importance of its active diagnostics during the pubertal period in the high risk groups comprising the patients with obesity and the family history of DM2. In one third of the children, the diagnosis of DM2 was possible only with the use the oral glucose tolerance test. DM2 in the children and adolescents is characterized by clinical polymorphism in the form of acute manifestations in 21% of the cases and the absence of obesity and insulin resistance in 15 and 18% respectively. This finding suggests the necessity of differential diagnostics of such cases from DM1 and MODY. Rather high insulin and C-peptide secretion persists for 3 years after the onset of DM2 in the children. Therefore, they do not need insulin therapy during this period. The presence of ICA and IAA antibodies at low titers does not compromise diagnosis of DM2.
Neurologic diseases that cause female urinary retention
Authors: Nakamura Haruka , Sakakibara Ryuji , Sugiyama Megumi , Tateno Fuyuki , Yano Masashi , Takahashi Osamu , Kishi Masa-hiko , Tsuyusaki Yohei , Tateno Hiromi , Aiba Yosuke , Ogata Takeshi , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Yamanishi Tomonori , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Tateno Akihiko , Suzuki Yasuo
Published: February 2016

Objective: The pathogenesis of female urinary retention is not well known. Hence, we systematically investigated the frequency of diseases that underlie female urinary retention in a urodynamic laboratory.
Methods: We analyzed data from 450 consecutive female patients. Data registries included the diagnosis, lower urinary tract symptom questionnaires, urodynamic study results, and neurologic exam observations. Complete urinary retention is defined as mean post-void residual (PVR) urine volume > 100 ml with no voluntary void at all; whereas incomplete urinary retention is defined as mean PVR urine volume > 100 ml after voluntary partial void.
Results: Sixty of the 450 female patients visiting our lab (13%) had urinary retention with 4 (6.7%) of these having complete retention and 56 (93.3%) having incomplete retention. The most common underlying disease in these 60 patients was lumbar spondylosis (LS), 38.3% (with 16 patients having LS alone and 7  having LS & diabetic distal polyneuropathy [DPN]), multiple system atrophy (MSA), 18.3%, and DPN, 14.4% (with 2 patients having DPN alone and 7 having LS & DPN), followed by drug-induced retention (e.g., by antidepressants), 8.3%, acute myelitis of possible demyelinating origin, 5.0%, and other etiologies. An underactive detrusor was the major urodynamic findings in those patients.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that common etiologies for female urinary retention are neurologic, e.g., an underactive detrusor due to MSA, age-related LS, and lifestyle-related DPN. Therefore LS and DPN, both common diseases, should also become major treatment targets in order to maximize patients’ quality of life. 
Bewertung von Dolmetschleistungen im Unterricht
Authors: Błaszkowska Hanka , Stöckmann Britta
Published: February 2016

The article deals with the linguistic and paralinguistic problems that arise in the process of interpreter training and discusses the methods of assessing students’ progress. The data was collected during the practical courses in consecutive interpreting for the 3rd-year students of the Institute of Applied Linguistics in Poznań and comprises the period of five years. Additionally, different methods of evaluating students’ progress are analyzed with respect to their effectiveness and potential advantages for interpreters in training.
Measuring the Lifetime Value of a Customer in the Consumer Packaged Goods Industry
Authors: Sunder Sarang , Kumar V. , Zhao Yi
Published: February 2016

In this study, the authors propose a flexible framework to assess customer lifetime value (CLV) in the consumer packaged goods (CPG) context. They address the substantive and modeling challenges that arise in this setting, namely, (1) multiple discreteness, (2) brand switching, and (3) budget-constrained consumption. Using a Bayesian estimation, the authors are also able to infer the consumer's latent budgetary constraint using only transaction information, thus enabling managers to understand the customer's budgetary constraint without having to survey or depend on aggregate measures of budget constraints. Using the proposed framework, CPG manufacturers can assess CLV at the focal brand level as well as at the category level, a departure from CLV literature, which has mostly been firm centric. The authors implement the proposed model on panel data in the carbonated beverages category and showcase the benefits of the proposed model over simpler heuristics and conventional CLV approaches. Finally, they conduct two policy simulations describing the role of the budget constraint on CLV, as well as the asymmetric effects of pricing in this setting, and develop managerial insights in this context.
Polyherbal EMSA ERITIN Promotes Erythroid Lineages and Lymphocyte Migration in Irradiated Mice
Authors: Ibrahim Mansur , Christina Yuyun Ika , Rifa’i Muhaimin
Published: February 2016

Radiotherapy is commonly used to kill malignant cells, but it can significantly deplete hematopoietic and splenic erythroblasts. Radioprotective agents are therefore very important in clinical radiotherapy. We examined the effect of poly-herbal EMSA ERITIN on immunological responses when administered to sublethally irradiated mice with the aim of highlighting promotes erythroid lineages and lymphocytes migration in irradiated mice with the parameter are TER119+CD123+in bone marrow and SDF-1 in bone marrow and spleen organ. Normal BALB/c mice were sublethally irradiated with 600 rad. EMSA ERITIN was administered orally at different doses:(1.04, 3.125 and 9.375 mg/g body weight) for 15 days. On day 16 erythroid lineages (TER-119+CD123+) were observed in bone marrow and lymphocytes migration by the production of SDF-1 in spleen and bone marrow. Lymphocytes migration was indicated by the production of SDF-1 in spleen and bone marrow using flow cytometry analysis. EMSA ERITIN increased the generation of erythroid lineage cells marked by TER119+CD123+ and promoted lymphocyte migration by increasing SDF-1 production in bone marrow and spleen. EMSA ERITIN appears to be a powerful medicinal herb with potential as a food supplement to normalize homeostasis and erythropoiesis after radiation.
Human CYP27A1 catalyzes hydroxylation of β-sitosterol and ergosterol
Authors: Ehrhardt Maximilian , Gerber Adrian , Zapp Josef , Hannemann Frank , Bernhardt Rita
Published: February 2016

β-Sitosterol and ergosterol are the equivalents of cholesterol in plants and fungi, respectively, and common sterols in the human diet. In the current work, both were identified as novel CYP27A1 substrates by in vitro experiments applying purified human CYP27A1 and its redox partners adrenodoxin (Adx) and adrenodoxin reductase (AdR). A Bacillus megaterium based biocatalyst recombinantly expressing the same proteins was utilized for the conversion of the substrates to obtain sufficient amounts of the novel products for a structural NMR analysis. β-Sitosterol was found to be converted into 26-hydroxy-β-sitosterol and 29-hydroxy-β-sitosterol, whereas ergosterol was converted into 24-hydroxyergosterol, 26-hydroxyergosterol and 28-hydroxyergosterol.
Development of 1RM Prediction Equations for Bench Press in Moderately Trained Men
Authors: Macht Jordan W. , Abel Mark G. , Mullineaux David R. , Yates James W.
Published: February 2016

Macht, JW, Abel, MG, Mullineaux, DR, and Yates, JW. Development of 1RM prediction equations for bench press in moderately trained men. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2901–2906, 2016—There are a variety of established 1 repetition maximum (1RM) prediction equations, however, very few prediction equations use anthropometric characteristics exclusively or in part, to estimate 1RM strength. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an original 1RM prediction equation for bench press using anthropometric and performance characteristics in moderately trained male subjects. Sixty male subjects (21.2 ± 2.4 years) completed a 1RM bench press and were randomly assigned a load to complete as many repetitions as possible. In addition, body composition, upper-body anthropometric characteristics, and handgrip strength were assessed. Regression analysis was used to develop a performance-based 1RM prediction equation: 1RM = 1.20 repetition weight + 2.19 repetitions to fatigue − 0.56 biacromial width (cm) + 9.6 (R
2 = 0.99, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 3.5 kg). Regression analysis to develop a nonperformance-based 1RM prediction equation yielded: 1RM (kg) = 0.997 cross-sectional area (CSA) (cm2) + 0.401 chest circumference (cm) − 0.385%fat − 0.185 arm length (cm) + 36.7 (R
2 = 0.81, SEE = 13.0 kg). The performance prediction equations developed in this study had high validity coefficients, minimal mean bias, and small limits of agreement. The anthropometric equations had moderately high validity coefficient but larger limits of agreement. The practical applications of this study indicate that the inclusion of anthropometric characteristics and performance variables produce a valid prediction equation for 1RM strength. In addition, the CSA of the arm uses a simple nonperformance method of estimating the lifter's 1RM. This information may be used to predict the starting load for a lifter performing a 1RM prediction protocol or a 1RM testing protocol.
Neo-royalism and the Future of the Thai Monarchy
Authors: Chachavalpongpun Pavin
Published: February 2016

The concept of neo-royalism—being sacred, popular, and democratic—has served as a formula of success during King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s long reign. However, in the twilight of the Bhumibol era and with the obviously less able Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn waiting to succeed, this concept poses a potentially dangerous trap for the monarchy and its entire network.
Music, Landscape, and the Sound of Place
Authors: Grimley Daniel M.
Published: February 2016

One of the most poignant scenes in Ken Russell’s 1968 film Delius: Song of Summer evocatively depicts the ailing composer being carried in a wicker chair to the summit of the mountain behind his Norwegian cabin. From here, Delius can gaze one final time across the broad Gudbrandsdal and watch the sun set behind the distant Norwegian fells. Contemplating the centrality of Norway in Delius’s output, however, raises more pressing questions of musical meaning, representation, and our relationship with the natural environment. It also inspires a more complex awareness of landscape and our sense of place, both historical and imagined, as a mode of reception and an interpretative tool for approaching Delius’s music.

This essay focuses on one of Delius’s richest but most critically neglected works, The Song of the High Hills for orchestra and wordless chorus, composed in 1911 but not premiered until 1920. Drawing on archival materials held at the British Library and the Grainger Museum, Melbourne, I examine the music’s compositional genesis and critical reception. Conventionally heard (following Thomas Beecham and Eric Fenby) as an imaginary account of a walking tour in the Norwegian mountains, The Song of the High Hills in fact offers a multilayered response to ideas of landscape and nature. Moving beyond pictorial notions of landscape representation, I draw from recent critical literature in cultural geography to account for the music’s sense of place. Hearing The Song of the High Hills from this perspective promotes a keener understanding of our phenomenological engagement with sound and the natural environment, and underscores the parallels between Delius’s work and contemporary developments in continental philosophy, notably the writing of Henri Bergson.
Assembled Landscapes
Authors: Browning Joseph
Published: February 2016

This article examines the folding together of music and landscape in some recent albums featuring the shakuhachi, a Japanese bamboo flute that today animates an active and international music scene. Through analysis of the texts, images, and sounds on these albums, I explore the re-imagining of the shakuhachi’s musical geography as the instrument reaches new players and places in Europe, Australia, and North America. Using recordings that incorporate environmental sounds alongside the shakuhachi, I examine ideas about the perceived authenticity of particular sounds, performance spaces, and recording aesthetics. These recordings unsettle our thinking about the relationship between music and landscape in several ways. First they document performers’ connections with particular sites, yet complicate any notion that the shakuhachi is related to a single place or nation, signalling a distinctly contemporary sense of place. Second, the centrality of mediation in these artistic projects makes technology crucial to the production of the natural and renders the naturalness of the shakuhachi audible in new ways. Third, the use of environmental sounds provokes questions about agency and the boundaries between human and non-human sound-making. By treating these albums as assemblages of material, social, technological, and natural elements, I reveal the lively and complex character of otherwise everyday musical objects.
Intraflagellar transport proteins 172, 80, 57, 54, 38, and 20 form a stable tubulin‐binding IFT‐B2 complex
Authors: Taschner Michael , Weber Kristina , Mourão André , Vetter Melanie , Awasthi Mayanka , Stiegler Marc , Bhogaraju Sagar , Lorentzen Esben
Published: February 2016

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) relies on the IFT complex and is required for ciliogenesis. The IFT‐B complex consists of 9–10 stably associated core subunits and six “peripheral” subunits that were shown to dissociate from the core structure at moderate salt concentration. We purified the six “peripheral” IFT‐B subunits of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as recombinant proteins and show that they form a stable complex independently of the IFT‐B core. We suggest a nomenclature of IFT‐B1 (core) and IFT‐B2 (peripheral) for the two IFT‐B subcomplexes. We demonstrate that IFT88, together with the N‐terminal domain of IFT52, is necessary to bridge the interaction between IFT‐B1 and B2. The crystal structure of IFT52N reveals highly conserved residues critical for IFT‐B1/IFT‐B2 complex formation. Furthermore, we show that of the three IFT‐B2 subunits containing a calponin homology (CH) domain (IFT38, 54, and 57), only IFT54 binds αβ‐tubulin as a potential IFT cargo, whereas the CH domains of IFT38 and IFT57 mediate the interaction with IFT80 and IFT172, respectively. Crystal structures of IFT54 CH domains reveal that tubulin binding is mediated by basic surface‐exposed residues.
Aortic valve calcium score for paravalvular aortic insufficiency (AVCS II) study in transapical aortic valve implantation
Authors: Haensig Martin , Lehmkuhl Lukas , Linke Axel , Kiefer Philipp , Mukherjee Chirojit , Schuler Gerhard , Gutberlet Matthias , Mohr Friedrich-Wilhelm , Holzhey David
Published: February 2016

Background: Transapical aortic valve implantation (TAAVI) has evolved into a routine procedure for select high-risk patients. The aim was to study the impact of native aortic valve calcification on paravalvular leaks in cardiac contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT).
Methods: The degree and distribution of valve calcification were quantified using an Aortic Valve Calcium Score (AVCS) for each cusp separately (3mensio Valves). To reduce an artificial increase of the AVCS due to the presence of contrast material, we used thresholds for density [mean aortic density + 2*SD] and volume [0, 3, 5, 25, and 50 mm3] of calcification.
Results: 111 consecutive patients prior to TAAVI with preoperative CT aged 79.8 ± 5.8 years were included using the Edwards Sapien prosthesis. Paravalvular leaks were significantly associated with eccentric calcified plaques (r [Spearman] = 0.37; χ2-statistic = 15.4; P = .002), presence of LVOT calcium (r [Spearman] = 0.28; χ2-statistic = 11.3; P = .009), and the commissural gap at the anatomic ventriculo-arterial junction (r [Spearman] = 0.41-0.63; χ2-statistic = 50.8-53.0;
P = .002-≤.001). There was no significant association between the total AVCS and PV leaks (r [Spearman] = 0.076; χ2-statistic = 1.471; P = .240, 120 kV, 850 hounsfield units) with no additional use of a volume-based threshold.
Conclusion: Asymmetry of leaflet calcium distribution, LVOT calcium, and the commissural gap between leaflets were significantly associated with paravalvular leaks. Moreover, quantification of aortic valve calcification in contrast enhanced CTs shows only a weak correlation with paravalvular leakage and is therefore not reliable as a predictor, respectively.
Physically Active Math and Language Lessons Improve Academic Achievement: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mullender-Wijnsma Marijke J. , Hartman Esther , de Greeff Johannes W. , Doolaard Simone , Bosker Roel J. , Visscher Chris
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVES:

Using physical activity in the teaching of academic lessons is a new way of learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an innovative physically active academic intervention (“Fit & Vaardig op School” [F&V]) on academic achievement of children.

METHODS:

Using physical activity to teach math and spelling lessons was studied in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Participants were 499 children (mean age 8.1 years) from second- and third-grade classes of 12 elementary schools. At each school, a second- and third-grade class were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention group participated in F&V lessons for 2 years, 22 weeks per year, 3 times a week. The control group participated in regular classroom lessons. Children’s academic achievement was measured before the intervention started and after the first and second intervention years. Academic achievement was measured by 2 mathematics tests (speed and general math skills) and 2 language tests (reading and spelling).

RESULTS:

After 2 years, multilevel analysis showed that children in the intervention group had significantly greater gains in mathematics speed test (P < .001; effect size [ES] 0.51), general mathematics (P < .001; ES 0.42), and spelling (P < .001; ES 0.45) scores. This equates to 4 months more learning gains in comparison with the control group. No differences were found on the reading test.

CONCLUSIONS:

Physically active academic lessons significantly improved mathematics and spelling performance of elementary school children and are therefore a promising new way of teaching.
Validation of a food frequency questionnaire designed for adolescents in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: MASCARENHAS Jean Márcia Oliveira , SILVA Rita de Cássia Ribeiro , MACHADO Maria Ester Pereira Conceição , SANTOS Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles , MARCHIONI Dirce Maria Lobo , BARRETO Maurício Lima
Published: February 2016

Objective: This study assessed the validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire used to assess food intake in adolescents in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Seventy adolescents enrolled in public schools aged 11 to 17 years participated in this study. The dietary intake of the adolescents was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the mean value of three-day food record, used as the reference method. The mean (and standard deviation) energy and nutrient intakes estimated from the Food Frequency Questionnaire and food records were calculated. The paired Student's t test was used to determine differences between the data. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficient and Kappa statistics were used to measure the strength of the association between the two instruments. There was variation in the crude unadjusted (r=0.61-0.73) and deattenuated (r=0.33-0.99) Pearson correlation coefficients. After adjusting for energy, the crude and deattenuated coefficients ranged from r=0.53-0.81 and r=0.27-0.99, respectively. The intake of energy and most nutrients were found to be adequate, except for fiber (r=0.27) and calcium (r=0.33), which showed a weak correlation. Kappa statistics showed good correlation between all values varying from r=0.47 to 0.73. Conclusion: It is considered that an average r value greater than 0.40 indicates a good correlation, the results obtained indicate the good ability of the Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess individuals according to their usual intake of most nutrients.
Psychosocial factors and physical activity as predictors of fruit and vegetable intake in college students
Authors: TASSITANO Rafael Miranda , MARTINS Clarice Maria de Lucena , CABRAL Poliana Coelho , MOTA Jorge , TENÓRIO Maria Cecíla Marinho , SILVA Giselia Alves Pontes da
Published: February 2016

Objective: To analyze whether psychosocial factors and physical activity are predictors of fruit and vegetable intake in young adults attending college. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of students from a public university in the Brazilian Northeast (n=717). Fruit and vegetable intake was measured by a Food Frequency Questionnaire containing 21 items. The psychosocial factors for behavior change, measured by a questionnaire, were: behavior change strategy, self-efficacy, perceived barriers and facilitators in decision making, and social support. The level of physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was the intake prediction model using a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: The median fruit and vegetable intake was 2.0 servings/day. In adjusted analysis, behavior change strategy (R²=0.31), self-efficacy (R²=0.03), friends' support (R²=0.02), and physical activity (R²=0.03) explained 39% of the fruit and vegetable intake variance in men. Behavior change strategy (R²=0.03), self-efficacy (R²=0.13), perceived barriers (R²=0.08), and physical activity (R²=0.02) explained 26% of the fruit and vegetable intake variance in women. Fruit and vegetable intake would increase by one serving for every extra 35 and 47 minutes of physical activity men and women, respectively, practice a day. Conclusion: The main predictors of fruit and vegetable intake are behavior change strategies, self-efficacy, and physical activity.
Should We Give Routine Postoperative Intravenous Fluids after Cleft Surgery?
Authors: Onyekwelu O. , Seaward J. , Beale V.
Published: February 2016

Objective

In 2012, the James Lind Alliance, together with the Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland and the Cleft Lip and Palate Association, set priorities for unanswered questions in cleft management. One of these priorities included postoperative fluid management. The authors’ postoperative regimen does not include intravenous fluids unless the child fails to achieve adequate oral intake by the first evening postoperatively. This audit evaluated whether this is appropriate and safe practice.

Methods

All patients undergoing cleft-related surgery by a single surgeon in a single center during August 2011 to August 2012 were included. Patient age, weight, and surgery type were recorded together with fluid requirement, length of stay, and any returns to theater or readmissions.

Result

Of the 79 patients included, none required readmission or return to theater, and the mean length of stay was 1.72 days. Nineteen patients (24%) required intravenous fluids, but these tended to be the older children in the group (P value .034). In the youngest patients undergoing primary lip repair, only 1 of 20 required intravenous fluids.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that, especially in the younger patients, omitting intravenous fluids as a postoperative routine is associated with a shorter length of stay without an increased complication rate. The authors advocate early postoperative feeding and the return to physiological fluid balance.
Recruiting and Retaining African American Custodial Grandparents in University-Sponsored Research: An Opening Dialogue
Authors: Whitley Deborah M.
Published: February 2016

Studies on recruitment and retention of grandparents raising grandchildren into community-based research have received scant attention by scholars. The lack of attention is especially troubling considering the continuing growth of this family group, as well as the large proportion of custodial grandparents who are ethnically diverse and vulnerable to various health and psychological risks. Limited attention to recruitment and retention methods leads to reduced understanding of the full value of service interventions for custodial grandparents and the grandchildren they are raising. This article describes the recruitment and retention methods used in one longstanding research study involving African American custodial grandparents. The merits of establishing a research agenda on this topic are reviewed, along with specific suggestions for extending this line of inquiry.
Creatividad matemática: Momentos de insight en estudiantes de 4º de ESO
Authors: Sánchez Francisco , Fiol Maria LluÃ¯sa
Published: February 2016

Las investigaciones en creatividad matemática son escasas en comparación con otros ámbitos de la educación matemática, debido a que en general se presentan los desarrollos y resultados formales pero se dice muy poco acerca de los procesos creativos matemáticos que los han generado.La resolución de problemas geométricos tradicionalmente llamados de Insight, constituye uno de los ejes principales que puede ayudar a los estudiantes a desarrollar y fomentar su potencial creativo en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas. En este artículo nos proponemos identificar, describir y caracterizar las evidencias que promueven momentos de Insight en un grupo de estudiantes de 4º de ESO. Utilizamos inicialmente una metodología cuantitativa y posteriormente una cualitativa. Esta metodología cualitativa utiliza el análisis de las resoluciones de 3 problemas geométricos potencialmente de Insight perceptivo, las contestaciones del cuestionario de respuestas y las explicaciones dadas en la entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis nos ha permitido identificar y caracterizar evidencias explicitadas y no explicitadas en la ocurrencia del Insight. Otorgamos un papel especialmente relevante por un lado, a la celeridad en que se produce la ocurrencia súbita del Insight y por otro a la componente emocionalmente positiva que determina la vivencia afectiva de su experiencia.
Implementing the Critical Friend Method for Peer Feedback among Teaching Librarians in an Academic Setting
Authors: Hultman Özek Yvonne , Edgren Gudrun , Jandér Katarina
Published: February 2016

Objective – The role of the academic librarian has become increasingly educative in nature. In this study, the critical friend method was introduced among teaching librarians in an academic setting of medicine and health sciences to ascertain whether this approach could be implemented for feedback on teaching of these librarians as part of their professional development.

Methods – We used a single intrinsic case study. Seven teaching librarians and one educator from the faculty of medicine participated, and they all provided and received feedback. These eight teachers worked in pairs, and each of them gave at least one lecture or seminar during the study period. The performance of one teacher and the associated classroom activities were observed by the critical friend and then evaluated and discussed. The outcome and effects of critical friendship were assessed by use of a questionnaire.

Results – The present results suggest that use of the critical friend method among teaching academic librarians can have a positive impact by achieving the following: strengthening shared values concerning teaching issues; promoting self-reflection, which can improve teaching; facilitating communication with colleagues; and reducing the sense of “loneliness” in teaching. This conclusion is also supported by the findings of previous studies.

Conclusion – The critical friend method described in this study can easily be implemented and developed among teaching librarians, provided that there is support from the organization. This will benefit the individual teaching librarian, as well as the organization at large.
Analyzing the MISO Data: Broader Perspectives on Library and Computing Trends
Authors: Allen Laurie , Baker Neal , Wilson Josh , Creamer Kevin , Consiglio David
Published: February 2016

Objective – To analyze data collected by 38 colleges and universities that participated in the Measuring Information Services Outcomes (MISO) survey between 2005 and 2010.

Methods – The MISO survey is a Web-based quantitative survey designed to measure how faculty, students, and staff view library and computing services in higher education. Since 2005, over 10,000 faculty, 18,000 students, and 15,000 staff have completed the survey. To date, the MISO survey team has analyzed the data by faculty age group and student cohort. Much of the data analysis has focused on changes in the use, importance, and satisfaction with services over time.

Results – Analysis of the data collected during 2008-2010 reveals marked differences in how faculty and students use the library. The most frequently used services by faculty are the online library catalog (3.39 on a 5-point scale), library databases (3.34), and the library website (3.29). In contrast, the most frequently used services by students are public computers in the library (3.61) and quiet work space in the library (3.29). Faculty reported a much higher use of online resources from off campus. Analysis of data from schools where the survey was administered more than once during 2005-2010 reveals that both faculty and students increased their utilization of databases over time. All other significant faculty trends reflected declines in usage, whereas, with the exception of use of the library website, all other student trends reflected no change or increased usage.

Conclusion – As the MISO survey has continued and expanded over the years, the usefulness of rich comparable data from a set of peer institutions over time has increased tremendously. In addition to providing a rich source of data, MISO can serve as a model for how a group of schools can collaborate on a share assessment tool that meets the needs of individual institutions and provides a robust, aggregated dataset for deeper analysis.
Recording Database Searches for Systematic Reviews - What is the Value of Adding a Narrative to Peer-Review Checklists? A Case Study of NICE Interventional Procedures Guidance
Authors: Craven Jenny , Levay Paul
Published: February 2016

This paper discusses the value of open and transparent methods for recording systematic database search strategies, showing how they have been applied at the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom (UK).

Objective – The objectives are to: 1) Discuss the value of search strategy recording methods. 2) Assess any limitations to the practical application of a checklist approach. 3) Make recommendations for recording systematic database searches.

Methods – The procedures for recording searches for Interventional Procedures Guidance at NICE were examined. A sample of current methods for recording systematic searches identified in the literature was compared to the NICE processes. The case study analyses the search conducted for evidence about an interventional procedure and shows the practical issues involved in recording the database strategies.

The case study explores why relevant papers were not retrieved by a search strategy meeting all of the criteria on the checklist used to peer review it. The evidence was required for guidance on non-rigid stabilisation techniques for the treatment of low back pain.

Results – The analysis shows that amending the MEDLINE strategy to make it more sensitive would have increased its yield by 6614 articles. Examination of the search records together with correspondence between the analyst and the searcher reveals the peer reviewer had approved the search because its sensitivity was appropriate for the purpose of producing Interventional Procedures Guidance. The case study demonstrates the limitations of relying on a checklist to ensure the quality of a database search without having any contextual information.

Conclusion – It is difficult for the peer reviewer to assess the subjective elements of a search without knowing why it has a particular structure or what the searcher intended. There is a risk that the peer reviewer will concentrate on the technical details, such as spelling mistakes, without having the contextual information. It is beneficial if the searcher records correspondence on key decisions and reports a summary alongside the search strategy. The narrative describes the major decisions that shaped the strategy and gives the peer reviewer an insight into the rationale for the search approach.
An Examination of Library Anxiety at Cape Breton University
Authors: Lawless Lenard J.
Published: February 2016

Objective – Library anxiety as a phenomenon has been discussed for decades. While it is generally recognized, seeing its effects within a specific institution can often be difficult. This study examined the presence and degree of library anxiety among students at Cape Breton University in Canada.

Methods – A modified version of the Library Anxiety Scale (LAS) was provided to the students via an online survey. Invitations to take the survey were sent to students by email and via the Student Union’s social networking site.

Results – The average score on the LAS showed only mild anxiety levels among all the respondents. When categorizing the results by either program of study or program year, the results vary from no to mild anxiety. Little variation was seen between the sexes, with both males and females scoring close to the overall average of mild anxiety.

Conclusions – With no segments of the student body scoring in the moderate to severe levels, the overall LAS scores for Cape Breton University’s students appear to be in a range that could be considered “normal.”
Value of Libraries: Relationships Between Provision, Usage, and Research Outcomes
Authors: Jubb Michael , Rowlands Ian , Nicholas David
Published: February 2016

Objective – To explore the relationships in the United Kingdom between library expenditures, levels of usage, and research outcomes, focusing on the provision and use of e-journals.

Methods – The project used a mixture of top-down and bottom-up approaches. It involved a close study of the behaviors of researchers in eight universities and two research institutes across a range of six subject areas, along with a parallel gathering and analysis of data for all U.K. universities and colleges, covering various library indicators together with data on article downloads and a range of measures of research performance. The work was undertaken in two stages and was completed in 2010. The first stage involved detailed mining of the publishers’ logs from Elsevier’s Science Direct and from Oxford Journals to generate fine-grained insights into the information-seeking behavior of scholars from the case study institutions, together with an initial analysis of the U.K.-wide data. The second stage involved a survey and interviews with a wide range of researchers as well as librarians from the case study institutions, together with further analysis of the U.K.-wide data.

Results – Strong variations were found between users, not only in different disciplines but also in different institutions. Some, but not all, of the variations seemed to be related to the size and research intensity of the institution. Analyses of the U.K.-wide data show that levels of library expenditure influence subsequent levels of use of e-journals. While the modeling does not show strong direct linkages in either direction between library expenditure and research performance, it does show a strong positive feedback loop between the use of e-journals and research performance.

Conclusion – There is a need both to broaden the focus beyond e-journals and for more detailed work to test hypotheses and understand the dynamics of the relationships between different variables over time.
Impact of the Reading Buddies Program on Reading Level and Attitude Towards Reading
Authors: Dolman Hayley , Boyte-Hawryluk Serena
Published: February 2016

Objective – This research examines the Reading Buddies program at the Grande Prairie Public Library, which took place in July and August of 2011 and 2012. The Reading Buddies program pairs lower elementary students with teen volunteers for reading practice over the summer. The aim of the study was to discover how much impact the program would have on participating children’s reading levels and attitudes towards reading.

Methods – During the first and last sessions of the Reading Buddies program, the participants completed the Elementary Reading Attitudes Survey (ERAS) and the Graded Word Recognition Lists from the Bader Reading and Language Inventory (6th ed., 2008). Participants were also asked for their grade and sex, and the program coordinator kept track of attendance.

Results – There were 37 Reading Buddies participants who completed both the pre- and post-tests for the study. On average, the program had a small positive effect on participants’ reading levels and a small negative effect on their attitudes towards reading. There was a larger range of changes to the ERAS scores than to the reading test scores, but most participants’ scores did not change dramatically on either measure.

Conclusions – Although findings are limited by the small size of the data-set, results indicate that many of the Reading Buddies participants maintained their reading level over the summer and had a similar attitude towards reading at the end of the program. On average, reading levels increased slightly and attitudes towards reading were slightly more negative. Many factors could not be taken into account during the study (e.g., the amount of reading done at home). A study with a control group that did not participate in the program could help to assess whether the program helped to combat summer learning loss.
Library Instruction and Academic Success: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of a Library Instruction Program
Authors: Bowles-Terry Melissa
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objectives – This study examines the connection between student academic success and information literacy instruction. Locally, it allowed librarians to ascertain the institution’s saturation rate for information literacy instruction and identify academic programs not utilizing library instruction services. In a broader application, it provides an argument for a tiered program of information literacy instruction and offers student perspectives on improving a library instruction program.

Methods – Focus groups with 15 graduating seniors, all of whom had attended at least one library instruction session, discussed student experiences and preferences regarding library instruction. An analysis of 4,489 academic transcripts of graduating seniors identified differences in grade point average (GPA) between students with different levels of library instruction.

Results – Students value library instruction for orientation purposes as beginning students, and specialized, discipline-specific library instruction in upper-level courses. There is a statistically significant difference in GPA between graduating seniors who had library instruction in upper-level courses (defined in this study as post-freshman-level) and those who did not.

Conclusions – Library instruction seems to make the most difference to student success when it is repeated at different levels in the university curriculum, especially when it is offered in upper-level courses. Instruction librarians should differentiate between lower-division and upper-division learning objectives for students in order to create a more cohesive and non-repetitive information literacy curriculum.
Formulating the Evidence Based Practice Question: A Review of the Frameworks
Authors: Davies Karen Sue
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Formalized Curiosity: Reflecting on the Librarian Practitioner-Researcher
Authors: Wilson Virginia
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Polityka fiskalna a polityka prawa
Authors: Zirk-Sadowski Marek Aureliusz
Published: February 2016

Niniejsze studium poddaje krytyce instrumentalną wizję polityki fiskalnej. Głęboką strukturą tej koncepcji jest idea homo oeconomicus, uczestnika gry rynkowej poddanego racjonalności instrumentalnej. Jednakże podstawowym problemem polityki budżetowej ujętej instrumentalnie jest zagadnienie efektywności, ze względu na niemożliwość skwantyfikowania celów publicznych, gdyż te są z reguły jakościowe. Stąd spór o istotę polityki fiskalnej staje się również problem teorii i filozofii prawa, a zamyka się m.in. w pytaniu o możliwość wpływania i sterowania rzeczywistością społeczną za pomocą normy prawnej. Powstają zatem na gruncie tej dziedziny prawoznawstwa różne koncepcje polityki prawa. Niniejsze studium opowiada się za jej dyskursywno-komunikacyjnym ujęciem.
Granica miękka jak skała
Authors: Żelichowski Ryszard
Published: February 2016

Spór o przebieg granicy lądowej, morskiej i powietrznej pomiędzy Gibraltarem i Hiszpanią sięga hiszpańskiej wojny sukcesyjnej i traktatu zawartego w Utrechcie w 1713 r. Choć w jego wyniku Gibraltar został przekazany Wielkiej Brytanii, Hiszpania nigdy nie pogodziła się z jego utratą. Brak dokładnego opisu tego, co właściwie zostało przekazane Wielkiej Brytanii w traktacie z Utrechtu oraz określenia granic wód terytorialnych jest przyczyną długotrwałego sporu pomiędzy tymi dwoma państwami. Z upływem czasu poszerzył się on o kształt drogi powietrznej dla lotnictwa wojskowego i cywilne[1]go, łączącej Gibraltar z pozostałymi państwami Europy. Artykuł omawia skutki traktatu dla obecnych stosunków pomiędzy Gibraltarem, Hiszpanią i Wielką Brytanią.
Uwagi na temat procesu kształtowania granic wsi w Polsce do końca XVIII wieku w kontekście morfogenetycznym
Authors: Figlus Tomasz
Published: February 2016

W artykule omówiono w zarysie proces kształtowania granic wsi w Polsce w średniowieczu i epoce nowożytnej. Analizy następstwa stosowanych procedur delimitacji oraz demarkacji granic w krajobrazie kulturowym wsi dokonano w świetle odpowiednio wyselekcjonowanego materiału źródłowego w konfrontacji z wynikami dotychczasowych badań geograficzno-historycznych w tym zakresie. W pracy podjęto także problem powiązania kwestii formowania granic z zagadnieniem pochodzenia form osadniczych w ujęciu morfogenetycznym. Pozwoliło to na wykrycie wielu prawidłowości i dało podstawę do ustalenia współzależności w sferze osadnictwa wiejskiego w okresie staropolskim.