bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemicelluloses Extraction of Bagasse with NaOH/Borax
Authors: Wang Zhong Liang , Liu Yu Xin , Peng Jin Hui , Zhang Rui Qi
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the hemicelluloses extraction of bagasse with NaOH/borax was studied, and some parameters which may affect the hemicelluloses yield and properties were discussed, such as alkali charge, borax charge, liquid-to-solid ratio, temperature and time of extraction. The compositions and characteristics of hemicelluloses were analyzed by FT-IR, GC, GPC. The results showed that compared with the conventional alkali extraction, the hemicelluloses dissolution rate was increased and degradation degree of the hemicelluloses was decreased with NaOH/borax. When the alkali charge was 65%(based on NaOH)and borax charge was 7% at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 15:1 at 90 °C for 180 min, the dissolution rate of hemicelluloses up to 84.5% (to the hemicelluloses content in material).
Study on Culture and Mutational Screening of Pholiota Adipose
Authors: Xie Sheng Quan , Quan Yan Ling , Liu Yi Sheng , Zhang Chun Guang
Published: December 2012

Appropriate seeding medium was chosen in the paper : potatoes 50g , wood chips25g, glucose10g, peptone5g, KH2PO41.0g, MgSO4 0.5g, Vitamin B1 a little, 500ml water. wood chips 80％, Bran 17％, Gypsum powder 2％, Sucrose 1％, Feed-water ratio 1：1. Pholiota adipose was cultured at 15°C-18°C, relative moisture 60%-80% for 15-25days. The spore of Pholiota adipose was mutagenesis with Nitrite，5minutes，Nitrite 0.1mol/L，Strong ability to obtain mycelium of Pholiota adipose. The strain mutagenesis by 0.05mol / L sodium nitrite could grow mutagenicity colony, When sodium nitrite concentration was higher than 0.1mol / L, the mycelium of Pholiota adipose began to dissolve.
Comparison of Four Different Extraction Methods of Oil from Macadamia integrifolia
Authors: Zhu Bing Qing , Lin Li Jing , Li Ji Hua , Lv Guo Ti , Huang Mao Fang
Published: December 2012

Four different extraction methods, solvent extraction, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction, were used to extract oil from Macadamia integrifolia, which also named Macadamia nut oil. Fatty acid compositions of Macadamia nut oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the highest extraction rate was 74.63% via Soxhlet extraction, while supercritical CO2 extraction was 70.53%, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction was 57.19% and Solvent extraction was 50.37%. Six unsaturated fatty acids, including Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid, E-11-Hexadecenoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, E-9-Octadecenoic acid and 9-eicosenoate, were identified in the oil by GC-MS．The relative extraction rate of unsaturated fatty acids were 36.53%, 44.21%, 60.62%, 56.81%, respectively. Though the extraction rate was the highest via Soxhlet extraction, the relative content of Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid were both higher extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction than Soxhlet extraction, which were 15.38% and 1.55%,. As supercritical CO2 extraction has no solvent residual problem, it would be the trend of the development inSubscript text the future to extract Macadamia nut oil.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel
Authors: Tang Yu Qin , Zhao Yi Tao
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this study was to select the optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for the extraction of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Que (P. eryngii ). The main factors that affect the extraction yield of polysaccharides such as solid:liquid ratio, ultrasonic power, extraction time and extraction temperature were studied individually. An orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction parameters. It was found that UAE method was a reliable, simple and effective method for fast extraction of polysaccharides from P. eryngii. The optimum UAE conditions were as followings: Solid:liquid ratio of 1:35, Ultrasonic power of 55 W, Extraction time of 30 min and extraction temperature of 45°C.
Research Status and Prospect of Water and Fertilizer Effect on Coffee
Authors: Liu Xiao Gang , Wang Xin Le , Yang Qi Liang
Published: December 2012

Planting in mountain land and sloping fields，production of coffee is restricted by drought and undernutrition, therefore scientific mode of water and fertilizer is the basis guarantee of high quality and yield. To seek quantitatively optimized decision of irrigation and fertilizer of coffee in tropical and subtropical district, perfect the theory of efficiency use of water and fertilizer in coffee, and realize ecological agriculture developing target of high quality and yield, this paper summarizes the effect of water and fertilizer on growth, physiological characteristic, yield and quality, and put forward some scientific questions need to be further studied such as pattern of water consumption and optimization management of water and fertilizer under water saving irrigation.
Effects of Mowing Strength on the Chemical Composition Content in Saussurea involucrata Kar. Et Kir.
Authors: Chen Yan Rui , Wang Xiao Jun , Aidarhan Nurbolati· , Zhao Bing , Yuan Xiao Fan , Li Yan
Published: December 2012

The influence of the mowing agronomic measure on the quality of Saussurea involucrata was studied in Urumqi, Xinjiang using the method of combining biotechnology with botany, in order to reveal the effect of mowing strength on flavonoids and polysaccharide content in S. involucrata. The results show that S. involucrata has strong regeneration ability after mowing and it can be mown four times in a year. And the flavonoids content decreases while its polysaccharide content increases generally under different mowing times. In addition, the flavonoids content decreases in general, while its polysaccharide content reduces at first and then greatly increases with mowing frequency increases at the same study area. However, their flavonoids content meets medicinal quality standards of pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China in 2010 (flavonoid≥0.15％). For S. involucrate with longer growth period in whole life, it can get higher production of chemical composition by mowing. The results have important application value in production practice. It can provide a case of mowing scheme for the sustainable efficient use and quality control for the medicinal materials of S. involucrate.
Extraction, Purification, Structural Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Alliums Cepa L. var. agrogatum Don
Authors: Zhang Hai Yue , Li Peng , Jia Fan , Liu Man , Wei Ying
Published: December 2012

The five extracts from Allium cepa L. var. agrogatum Don (ACAD) were determined for their total antioxidant activity by T-AOC kit. The highest antioxidant capacity of the extracts was ethanol fraction. Then the ethanol extracts were purified by AB-8 resin column and polyamide resin column successively. The refined samples were analyzed with HPLC by comparing with quercetin. Moreover, three different methods was selected for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of the reduction of scavenging activity of the stable DPPH radical, the hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion O2-•radical.Results shown that ACAD exhibited the highly efficient antioxidant activity in all the studied. Thus the results indicated that it could be used as functional food and antiatheroscloresis products.
Biodiversity and Ecoadaptability of Legumes
Authors: Wang Hao Ming , He Hui Chao , Wang Zi Qiang
Published: December 2012

This review emphasizes on discussing the diversity and ecoadaptability of the environment on botanical features, nitrogen fixation and biochemical components of Leguminosae, especially legumes in the Papilionoideae. Though these features such as hard seeds, nitrogen fixation and anti-nutritional compounds (ANCs) are disadvantageous in the aspects of agronomy, photosytherate accumulation and the processing and consuming of seed respectively, but these may have very important functions in germplasm existence, multiplying and survive to the different circumstances, that had kept to the abundant and distribute ecosystem adaptability of these species extensively. It is important and realistic to discover and utilize of tolerance and resistance to the stress circumstances of Leguminosae, study and inquiry into its adaptability mechanism, for keeping biodiversity and tolerance breeding of these plants.
Changes in Quality Attributes and Storage Life of Mango during Storage
Authors: Wongmetha Orathai , Ke Lih Shang
Published: December 2012

The quality attributes and storage life of ‘Irwin’ mango fruit can be effectively maintained with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application and/or chitosan coating. Mango was treated with 5 µl l-1 1-MCP for 12 h, dipped with 0.5 % chitosan, 5 µl l-1 1-MCP combine with 0.5 % chitosan and untreated (control) then stored at 10°C. Application of chitosan coating delayed electrolyte leakage (EL) while1-MCP maintained firmness, EL and extended storage life at 32 days after storage. Therefore, using application of 1-MCP in mango at 10°C is a feasible technology for maintains quality and prolongs storage life in order to expand marketability and export options.
Investigation and Consideration on Co-Management at Dawan Village in Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ni
Published: December 2012

Community-based management(co-management) is a new nature resources management mode for nature resources protection since 90's of 20 centuries. Dawan village, which is adjacent to Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve located in Mei county of Shaanxi Province, China, is one of the first experimental villages to implement co-management. Based on the investigation, the problems of co-management in Dawan village was analyzed. Accordingly, suggestions were proposed to improve co-management in law, investment, residents’ perception and participation, incentive, NGO’s role, and monitoring system aspects.
Studies on the Toxicity of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Chorella Vulgaris by 3D-QSAR Using CoMFA and CoMSIA Methods
Authors: Wang Cui Hua , Yang Sheng Long , Lu Chao , Yu Hong Xia , Wang Lian Shen , Wu Yang
Published: December 2012

By using CoMFA and CoMSIA methods, the new quantitative structures of 25 aromatic hydrocarbons and the 96 hr-EC50 data with C. vulgaris have been investigated to obtain more detailed insight into the relationships between molecular structure and bioactivity. Compared to CoMFA (the average Q2LOO option =0.610), CoMSIA (the average Q2LOO =0.736) has the better results with robustness and stability. CoMSIA analysis using steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and H-bond donor and acceptor descriptors show H-bond donor is the common factor for influencing the toxicity, the steric and electrostatic descriptors are next and the hydrophobic descriptor was last. From the contour maps, the number of benzene ring is more crucial for the compound toxicity and the compounds with more benzene ring make toxicity increased. Under the same number of benzene ring, the kind of substituent group and the formed ability of H-bond are the other parameters to influencing the aromatic hydrocarbons toxicity.
Purification of α-Linolenic Acid from Flaxseed Oil by Silver-Silica Gel Chromatography Column
Authors: Guo Jian Xia , Wang Chang Lu , Wu Zhi Jian
Published: December 2012

Flaxseed oil contains significant amounts of essential fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA) with a content of 61% of the total fatty acid. ALA is attracting increasing attention because of their importance to human health. ALA has various physiological activities whose absence in the diet is responsible for the development of a wide variety of abnormalities. Highly purified ALA is required on pharmaceutical applications. This work reports as recovery of highly purified ALA from flaxseed oil by means of a process, which involves simultaneous oil saponification–extraction, followed by the ethyl esterification of fatty acids. Thereafter, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were concentrated by molecular distillation method, and ethyl esters below ALA were fractionated from ethyl–PUFA concentrate by mean of open column chromatography with silver–silica gel as stationary phase. The recovery in the combined process was 79%, and the final purity was 94.7%. Therefore, highly pure PUFA ALA could be procured by argentated silica gel chromatography column.
Influence of Pigment Extraction on Pb(II) Biosorption of Cladophora and Spirogyra Algae Powder
Authors: Lee Yi Chao , Chang Shui Ping , Lee Chih Sheng , Kao Nien Hsin
Published: December 2012

The Cladophora and Spirogyra genera are classified within the green algae division. Species belonging to these genera comprise large filamentous algae, possess significant biomass, and are found in freshwater around the world. These characteristics give Cladophora and Spirogyra high potential to be developed as biological materials. For this study, we harvested fresh Cladophora and Spirogyra and produced algae powder using two of conventional procedures: with pigment extraction and without pigment extraction. The resulting algae powders were subjected to Pb(II) biosorption, and the differences in biosorption rates were subsequently analyzed. Our study found the following: (i) significant differences in cell structure, cell wall thickness, the type and content of cell composition, and the quantity of epiphytes between Cladophora and Spirogyra. This variation influenced the functional groups within the resulting algae powders and their binding sites, which further led to different levels of Pb(II) adsorption. (ii) Glacial acetic acid, a compound commonly employed in pigment extraction procedures, affected the functional groups and the binding sites of the resulting algae powders. For Cladophora algae powder, Pb(II) biosorption was reduced by 16.6 %; whereas for Spirogyra algae powder, Pb(II) biosorption was reduced by 19.8 %. (iii) The pigment extraction procedure exerted the most significant influence on the carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups in algae powder. (iv) The pigment extraction procedure is not suitable for the preparation of algae powders which will be used for metal ion biosorption.
Wetlands Change Simulation Using Cellular Automata at Multi-Scales
Authors: Yu Huan , Kong Bo , Zhang Shu Qing , Pan Xin
Published: December 2012

Wetlands are extremely valuable natural resources, the simulation of wetland landscape spatial-temporal evolution can reveal the mechanisms and laws of landscape succession, achieve the sustainable landscape use and provide wetland conservation and management decision support. Thesis takes the inland freshwater wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain for experimental region, carries out experiment of wetland landscape changing process simulation using Cellular Automata, results show that visual effects of simulation and prediction are both good, and the total accuracy of points to points are also above 79% under each scale, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of wetland landscape spatial-temporal evolution simulation using Cellular Automata; scale has influence on transition rule mining, visual effects and accuracy of simulation results, and statistics of landscape index, then scale effect is obvious during wetland landscape spatial-temporal evolution simulation using Cellular Automata, accuracy and contagion index are both showed as exponential distribution with the scale rising, which provides reference for simulation scale selection.
Spectral Discrimination of Coral Reef Benthic Substance and Implications for Environmental Protection
Authors: Xu Bing , Zhang Ying
Published: December 2012

Spectral reflectance of benthic substance is a fundamental parameter to coral reef environmental protection by remote sensing technology. It collected in situ a total of 44 spectral reflectance of healthy coral, fine sand, dead coral, sand mixed with coral rubble, and sea grass in Leizhou peninsula, China. Analyses of spectral reflectance revealed that there exist three distinct spectral zones, the high reflectance zone (400-580nm), the attenuation zone (580-720nm) and low reflectance zone (720-850nm). The reflectance between 400 to 580nm band range can be used to discriminate coral reefs and other substances efficiently. Meanwhile, water depth and quality has great influence on coral reef spectrum. By using spectral response function, analyses of simulated reflectance spectra for several remote sensors (ETM+, SPOT5, IKONOS, Quick bird) indicate that narrowband multispectral sensors have the ability to discriminate different benthic substances. The research demonstrates that basic reef benthic classes are spectrally identifiable and differentiable; it establishes the basis of utilizing remote sensing technology for environmental protection of coral reef ecosystem.
A GIS-Based Environmental Justice Analysis of Ambient Air Pollution: a Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Peng Fen , Zou Bin
Published: December 2012

Using general loglinear analysis and GIS spatial analysis, we evaluated the socio-economic inequities in exposure to SO2 in the urban and rural areas at census scale. The results show that differences of exposure inequities among socioeconomic groups exist in the urban and rural areas. Further studies are needed to analyze the impacts of scales and statistical methods on the accuracy of air pollution exposure justice assessment.
A Novel Liquid Mixture in Iron Chemical-Biological Process Using Immobilized Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Wang Yu Jian , Li Hongyu , Wei An , Li Da Ping
Published: December 2012

Iron chemical-biological process was widely applied in desulfurization and hydrometally. 9K medium is used usually in this process. However, 9K medium is regarded as an optimal medium for suspended A. ferrooxidans culture. Iron oxidation rate is slow and some precipitation would be formed when the medium is used in this process. In this paper, a novel liquid mixture for iron chemical-biological process was reported: (NH4)2SO4 1 g/L, K2HPO4 0.2 g/L, KCl 0.15、iron 17 g/L with initial pH 1.8. A verification test indicated that Fe2+ oxidation rate was 6.1 g/(L•h), which was better than the results obtained in previous experiments. At the same time the precipitation formed is very small compared with all the experiments. So the liquid mixture may apply in this chemical-biological process better.
Changing Information Extraction of Coastal Accretion-Erosion from High Resolution Satellite Images
Authors: Gu Yan , Zhang Ying , Wang Zheng Jun
Published: December 2012

Methods for extracting information about coastline, mean high tide line and mean low tide line from satellite images are investigated based on the satellite images which have a spatial resolution of 10m and were obtained in the coastal area of Yancheng of Jiangsu province in 2006, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The evolution of the coastal zone influenced by human activities such as harbor construction and sea reclamation for farming is analyzed. The results show that (1) comparing with low resolution RS images, the high resolution images can be used to extract more subtle culture features, from which the mean high tidal line can be extracted; (2) by combing with the tidal level of the day and based on the high tidal line extracted already, the instantaneous water line on the images and leaner relationship among them, the mean low tidal line may possibly be worked out; (3) it has been being in an accretion status since 2006, with an increasing magnitude every year, while the mean low tide line was in a dynamic balance status from 2006 to 2008, but was eroded by 840m from 2008 to 2009, being very distinct in its change.
The Application of GIS Techniques in Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations: Part I a Review
Authors: Wei Zhi Yuan , Qi Zhi Ping
Published: December 2012

The soil testing and fertilization recommendation technology can prevent improper fertilization and low utilization ratio of fertilizers. GIS spatial analysis module can reduce high costs and increase efficiency of conventional soil testing and fertilization. The purpose of this study comments on the previous researches of GIS application in soil testing and fertilization, has put forward the advantages and inevitable disadvantages, and demonstrates the efficiency of soil resource information database to improve the technology of soil testing and fertilization. It can notably cut down the costs and improve practicability of models when the spatial soil nutrient database is introduced into the development of soil testing and fertilization.
Designing and Development of the Aerial Surveying Digital Data Management Information System Based on Two-Tier C/S Structure Model
Authors: Ma De Ying , Lai Hong Bin
Published: December 2012

It’s necessary for surveying and mapping departments to manage aerial surveying digital data. How to manage increasing data automatically has become an urgent problem to be settled.The framework designing of the aerial digital data management information system is deeply dissertated and discussed in this paper. Then the system based on two-tier C/S structured model, using the Borland's Delphi development tool, Microsoft’s SQL Server 2000 ultra-large databases and SuperMap Objects graphical components is established, using parts of present data collecting from the aerial photographic surveying department.Compared with traditional systems, this aerial digital data management system has a good nature.It realize the automation management and operation easily.
The Study of Dynamic Changes of Sea Ice in Antarctic Nearly a Decade under the Context of Global Warming
Authors: Li Hai Ying , Peng Hong Chun , Zhu Yun
Published: December 2012

This paper aimed to research the changes in sea-ice extent of the Antarctic region using moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sea ice data. The procedure include: MODIS sea ice data, image layering, information extraction, data synthesis, estimation of sea ice extent. The results showed that: the sea ice has obviously seasonal dynamical changes, and been divided into freezing and melting periods; but the inter-annual variations of sea ice range is not obvious; In summary, the sea ice range displayed decreasing trend in the whole study area, but that showed different tendency in different year and waters area.
Massive 3D Models Automatically Optimize and Application of Network Research
Authors: Dou Hua Cheng , Cheng Liang Yong , Deng Shi Jun , Wang Ling , Han Xiao Hui
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the simplification method of 3D model by triangle-deletion and single piece generated by 3D Ground. The method achieve automated batch build LOD (level of detail models) library, an effective solution to high-precision mass application of large-scale 3D model and successfully applied to 3D digital city of Tianjin network system construction. The method of 3D digital city construction and application of large amounts of data has important reference value and promotional value.
Study on Methods of Retrieval of Sea Surface Temperature by Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Peng Hong Chun , Li Hai Ying , Gao Hao
Published: December 2012

This article taking coastal waters of Lianyungang as the research area, and by using MODIS images during 15 April and 1 May, 2012 as source data, and the results of sea surface temperature were extracted by band operation, and by using changes in the different time of SST, spatial variation and comparative analysis to verify the accuracy of the two algorithms. Both the two split-window algorithm can get the sea surface temperature of coastal waters of Lianyungang well, and the result was reliable, and the inversion precision of SST can meet the application requirements in the general ocean applications. Not enough is the two split-window algorithm only worked under clear sky conditions, and can not get the sea surface temperature where the sea under cloud; at the zone of connected to the land and sea, universal SST algorithm was not as good as the Qin Zhihao split-window algorithm, but it has a few parameters, and the advantages of easy operation process of the desired intermediate.
Comparison Operator Edge Detection Based on Remote Sensing of Marine Oil Spill
Authors: Sun Mei Ping , Shi Chun Yan , Li Hai Ying
Published: December 2012

In recent years, marine oil spill is frequent and seriously threats to the sustainable development of coastal areas and marine environment. Large Marine oil spill is difficult to clean up and pollution range is large, lasting for a long time, for the biological and ecological environment destruction, particularly serious. It is very important to take corresponding measures that how to quickly master the location of the oil spill when this event occurs. Satellite remote sensing has advantages of large, multi-temporal, all-weather, real-time, quick and economic and has become an important means of monitoring marine oil spill, playing an important role in the monitoring of marine oil spill treatment. This paper illustrates by Penglai 19-3 oil spill accident, using MODIS remote sensing data, the use of the Robert operator, Sobel operator, Laplacian operator and LOG operator to extract the oil spill edge, and extraction accuracy of the comparison and analysis.
Research on Catalytic Degradation of Organic Wastewater Using CoFeMgO Non Homogeneous Fenton
Authors: Jia Ruo Kun , Yang Chao , Lin Song Zhu
Published: December 2012

Methyl orange stimulated wastewater was treated using non-homogeneous Fenton reaction. First the effect of catalyst composition on the treatment was investigated and then further investigation of the impact of reaction conditions on the degradation effect in the catalytic process was carried out. It showed the optimal conditions of treating methyl orange wastewater(100ml) of 10mg/L, The optimal conditions for catalyst preparation through experiments above were: proportion of the elements in the catalyst was Co0.5Fel.0(MgO)2.5, this article examined the impact of reaction conditions on the catalytic properties of the catalytic process. It turned out that on the condition that the amount of catalyst was 0.9g/L hydrogen peroxide concentration was 2.5ml/L, within the scope of application in a wide pH (4~14), catalyst degradation efficiency was significantly superior to conventional homogeneous Fenton system and methyl orange removal efficiency was above 95%.
The Driving Forces of Landscape Pattern in Coastal Urban Belt in Liaoning
Authors: Hu Hai De
Published: December 2012

Based on field investigation and social-economical data, in combination with the 1992 and 2007 Landsat TM remote sensing images of Coastal Urban Belt in Liaoning, this paper analyzed the driving forces of landscape pattern in the study area. From 1992 to 2007, the landscape pattern in the study area experienced a significant change. The rapid population growth, economic development and infrastructure construction had exerted strong influences on these changes of landscape pattern, and thus leading to a deeper level of landscape fragmentation
Research of Suzhou City’s Expansion Changes Based on Multi-Temporal TM Images
Authors: Gu Feng Yun , Ma Xiao Yu , Xie Hong Quan
Published: December 2012

Taking the Landsat TM/ETM+ images of Suzhou City in 1995 and 2003 as data resource, the expand changes of the construction land were researched. Computer supervised classification and GIS spatial analysis methods were used to extract the Suzhou City construction land information, and the construction land expansion distribution map of Suzhou City from 1995 to 2003 was obtained. Last urban expansion speed, compactness and fractal dimension index were combined to analyze the Suzhou City’s expansion change characteristics. The results showed that, from 1995 to 2003 Suzhou city in a stage of rapid development of urban expansion, the spatial form is increasing complexity, the expand trend is for ancient city center to radiation spread all around, among them with the eastern and northern expansion is most obvious.
A Study on the Scale of Land Renovation Based on Low-Carbon Limited in Guangzhou
Authors: Ding Yi , Wang Hong Mei , Zheng Yan Min , He Yu Ting , Wang Hai Yun , Liu Guang Sheng
Published: December 2012

The paper established low-carbon optimization model of regional construction land structure. The model combined with Markov model and Linear Program model can integrate factors related to economic, social, CO2 emissions and construction land require. This model was validated through a land-renovation case in Guangzhou. Based on its regional development strategy and social-economic situation, we obtained three different levels of low-carbon emissions of construction land optimization scheme, and quantitatively determined land renovation scale. The result of the research shows that the scale of town and industrial land renovation is 751.39 ha, and residential land renovation for 734.67 ha in Guangzhou. The quantitative determination scale of land renovation preliminary research has certain feasibility and reference value based on low-carbon optimization model. Results from this research would help government make wise decisions in the near future to mitigate urban CO2 emissions and construction land scale while maintain economic social development.
The Uranium Biosorption by Chlorella Pyrenoidosa and its Physiological Responses to Uranium
Authors: Sun Jia , Yu Guo Ping , Li Yue
Published: December 2012

The effect of uranium at various concentration on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the resistance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to uranium were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the content of O2- and the activity of CAT arose when the concentration of uranium varied at the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L. Uranium had no negative effect on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at the concentration of 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L, however, had positive effect to some extent. And the rise of the content of O2- and the activity of CAT was followed by rapidly returning to the normal level. The uranium at the concentration of 1.0 mg/L prolonged the lag period of the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa arose negatively, the content of O2- also arose to an unreturnable level and the activity of CAT was lower than CK when the concentration of uraniumm varied at the range of 5.0 to 10.0 mg/L. The uranium biosorption rate by Chlorella pyrenoidosa reached to the highest value of 70.43%when concentration of uraniumm was 0.5 mg/L. Chlorella pyrenoidosa is resistant to uranium of low concentration（≤1.0mg/L）and its biosorption rate is rather high, which indicated good prospect in its future application.
The Leaching Effect of Cement Hydration Products
Authors: Cheng Yu Kuan , Huang Wei Hsing
Published: December 2012

The barrier for low-level radioactive wastes repositories calls for the use of concrete. In a underground situation, the repository may be subject to intrusion of various elements from the external environment and may cause concrete deterioration and reduces its durability. This study focuses on the effect of leaching of concrete as simulated in the laboratory to assess the durability in long term use of concrete materials. The basic mixture of cement, mortar and concrete were used to produce test specimens that were exposed to different conditions such as pure water and substitute ocean water to simulate calcium loss under different circumstances. The possible mechanism of calcium loss and potential influence on concrete durability were then carefully examined. The results of the extensive laboratory experiments show that : (1) concrete materials has better resistance against calcium leaching as compared to mortar and cement paste based on the SEM-EDS measurements on the Ca/Si ratio; (2) the increase in duration of exposure of cement mortars resulted in increases in the porosity of the specimen as exhibited by the decreases of bulk density; (3) microstructural observation showed that mortar samples in ammonium nitrate solution experience accelerated leaching, resulting in the severe deterioration of the region near the exposed surface.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Atractylodes Lancea Plantlets In Vitro under Different Inorganic Nitrogen Levels
Authors: Wu Yan You , Zhao Kuan , Chen Ying , Jing Pang , Xu Hong Cheng
Published: December 2012

In order to determine the nitrogen use efficiency of plantlets in vitro under different nitrogen source, near infrared spectroscopy technique and image analysis technique with multi-references were used to obtain the successive information of nitrogen consumption. The Logistic and nonlinear hyperbolic equations were used for fitting the relationship of biomass of plantlet in vitro and culture time, nitrogen utilization of plantlets and culture time, and nitrogen utilization of plantlets and biomass of plantlet in vitro. The models of growth prediction, nitrogen utilization and nitrogen use efficiency of plantlets in vitro were established. The nitrogen use efficiency of Atractylodes lancea plantlets in vitro sub-cultured in different nitrogen source and levels were measured, which decreased with the increase of culture time. Ammonium (0.096 g L-1) / nitrate (0.555 g L-1) was the preferred nitrogen sources combination for the growth of Atractylodes lancea plantlets in vitro.
Preparation of Waterborne Epoxy Resin Emulsion
Authors: Zhou Hao Ran , Liu Xiao Jiao , Guo Cui , Yang Yun Fei
Published: December 2012

Waterborne epoxy resin was prepared through introducing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the main chain of epoxy resin with the bisphenol epoxy resin, toluene diisocyanate and 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid by self-emulsification. Analyzed the structure of products via Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, then to test the water-soluble and stability. And the best conditions of reaction were determined through studying the influence of material ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature to products. The result shows that the synthesized waterborne epoxy resin has favorable stability and water-dispersion.
Borax Modify Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin as Wood Adhesives
Authors: Lin Rui Hang , Zhu Xiao Feng , Wang Xiao Bo , Gao Zhen Zhong
Published: December 2012

A modified phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was synthesized under alkaline condition in varying proportion of borax up to 21% (w/w). All the prepared resin were characterized by free phenol content, free formaldehyde content as well as hydroxymethyl content. It was proved by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) that B-O bond had been successfully introduced into the structure of PF resin. Thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and different scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the thermodynamic characteristics of the PF resin. The result showed that when the mass fraction of borax was 9wt.% of PF resin, the heat resistance was the best and the curing temperature of the modified PF resin was higher than that of the unmodified PF resin.
Study on Adsorption Property of Collagen Fiber Loaded Hyperbranched Polyamide-Amine Toward Cr (VI)
Authors: Wang Xue Chuan , Zhang Fei Fei , Qiang Tao Tao
Published: December 2012

Collagen fiber loaded hyperbranched polyamide-amine(CF-HBPN) was prepared by the crosslinking power of glutaraldehyde. The structure of CF-HBPN before and after adsorption was characterized and analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. The CF-HBPN was effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic of the adsorption process were studied. The experimental results were fitted using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm was better in describing the adsorption process. Two kinetic models, the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, were used to analyze the kinetic data. The pseudo-second order model was proven to be better in describing the adsorption behavior.
Research on the Correlation between Mercury and Sulfur Content in Coals
Authors: Liu Qian Yan , Zhang Yi Ran , Zhao Li Li , Yan Yu Yu , Li Qi Fen , Wu Jiang , Ren Jian Xing , Zheng Shuai , Li Yun Si , Zhang Ru Xin
Published: December 2012

To reduce mercury emission in the flue gas at coal-fired power plant, it is very important and meaningful to research the mercury content and the existing status of other elements in coal. In this paper, mercury and sulfur content including their relevant relations of existing speciations from five coal samples were studied. Experimental method was based on U.S. EPA Method 7471 and experimental apparatus was automatic mercury analysis system Hydra AA. The results showed that in these 5 coal samples, the range of mercury content was from 0.284μg/g to 0.663μg/g and the average content was 0.401μg/g. The range of sulfur content was from 0.688% to 5.546% and the average content was 2.30% . The existing status of mercury and sulfur in coal was very complex. Under normal circumstances, when there was high sulfur content in coal, there was also high mercury content. However, the low sulfur coal may be of high mercury content.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclic Carbonate from CO2
Authors: Zhang Wu Ying , Liu Hong Bo , Lin Feng
Published: December 2012

(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl-2-methylprop-2-enoate (DOMA) was synthesized from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and carbon dioxide, which can be further polymerized into water-based non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU). The structure of DOMA was characterized by IR spectra, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis. The effects of the catalysts, reaction temperature, pressure and duration on the yield of DOMA were enquired in detail. It was shown that TBAB and ZnI2 used as catalysts, reaction temperature, pressure and duration set as 110°C, 1.2 MPa and 4 hr respectively, the yield could reach 76.5%.
Preparation of TiO2/AC and Investigation of its Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zhang Xiu Fang , Yang Zuo Zheng , Dong Xiao Li , Zhang Xin Xin , Ma Chun , Ma Hong Chao , Xue Mang , Shi Fei
Published: December 2012

TiO2/AC composite was prepared by sol-gel method. The effect of annealed temperature and loading (or doping) ratio of AC on photocatalytic performances of TiO2/AC composite was explored. The optimum preparation conditions were 400 °C (annealed temperatur) and 2% (loading (or doping) ratio of AC). The experimental results of MB removal showed that the photocatalytic ability of TiO2/AC composite prepared under optimum conditions was higher than that of TiO2, which could be attributed to strong adsorption capacity, efficient photoproduced electron-hole separation, and higher light response.
Preparation of Porous BiVO4 and its Photocatalytic Degradation of MB under Simulated Sunlight
Authors: Zhang Xiu Fang , Du Lu Lu , Dong Xiao Li , Zhang Xin Xin , Ma Chun , Ma Hong Chao , Xue Mang , Shi Fei
Published: December 2012

Porous BiVO4 was fabricated by hydrothermal method with P123 as the template. SEM revealed there were many pores in porous BiVO4. DRS analysis indicated that the absorbance of BiVO4 was enhanced by constructing porous structure. The results of MB removal showed that the degradation rate with porous BiVO4 was 3.05 times as much as that with BiVO4. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the enhanced absorbance ability and promoted surface reactions.
Investigation into the Blocking Effect of Reactive Dye Combinations in Exhaust Dyeing of Cotton
Authors: Suwanruji Potjanart , Sidarkote Rakchanok , Suesat Jantip
Published: December 2012

The blocking effect of reactive dye combinations during the exhaust dyeing of cotton was studied using C.I. Reactive Yellow 176, C.I. Reactive Red 239 and C.I. Reactive Black 5. In the exhaust dyeing of binary reactive dye combinations, reverse order of dyeing was carried out at the dye concentration of 1%owf. After the shade of dyed cottons were evaluated, we found that the combination of C.I. Reactive Yellow 176 and C.I. Reactive Black 5 exhibited a blocking effect. The blocking took place readily in the dyebath. Therefore, C.I. Reactive Blue 250 was used to replace C.I. Reactive Black 5 because of the similarity of their chromophores and reactive groups. The results showed less blocking effect, indicating low interaction between the dyes in the combination.
Road-Related Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment and Economic Evaluation
Authors: Qin Xiao Chun , Dong Bo Chang , Shen Yi , Shao She Gang
Published: December 2012

60%~70% of air pollutants are vehicle emissions. With the soaring increasing of Vehicle Population, automobile exhaust is becoming the leading cause of air pollution. In this paper space-time variation rule of road-related atmospheric pollution is analyzed based on the characteristics of air pollution on the road. And the basic methods of road-related air pollution health risk assessment are determined in the analysis of the relationship of road-related air pollution and health. The economic evaluation of road-related air pollution is also made which would provide the methods for reference in the related research on road air pollution.
A Study on the Ecological Risk of Polluted River Sediments in Rural Area
Authors: Chao Lei , Chen Su , Lang Xian Ming , Hu Cheng
Published: December 2012

In order to fully understand the heavy metal and mineral oil in sediments of Tiaozi River and their potential ecological hazard levels, sediment samples at upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tiaozi River are collected. Various heavy metals, such as Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, and mineral oil are tested, and the toxicological analysis of sediments at various sampling points is conducted. Results show that all sediments have pollutants accumulated. Content of mineral oil is 2400-4900mg•kg-1, content of Cu is 16.84-56.06 mg•kg-1, content of Pb is 9.72-19.93mg•kg-1, content of Cd is 0.32-1.05 mg•kg-1, and content of Cr is 27.35-57.95 mg•kg-1. Sediments have varying growth inhibitions or stimulatory effects on higher plants, and acute lethal effect on earthworms. Root elongation inhibition ratio of seed germination is -9.52 %～19.05 %, 14 d maximum mortality of earthworms is 55 %. In general, the long term water pollution has led to accumulation of river sediments and strong eco-toxicity, and farm-oriented channel dredging sediments have toxic hazards on soil – plant ecosystem.
Removal of Vapor-Phase Elemental Mercury over a CuO/AC Catalyst
Authors: Wang Jun Wei , Kong Xue Jun , Du Rong Bin , Dong Yanjie
Published: December 2012

Removal of vapor-phase elemental mercury (Hg0) over an activated coke (AC) and activated coke supported CuO catalyst (CuO/AC) were studied under N2+HCl atmosphere. This paper describes the influences of CuO loading, reaction temperature, Hg0 concentration and space velocity on Hg0 removal over CuO/AC. It was found that CuO/AC had a higher Hg0 removal capability than that of AC, which can be attributed to the oxidation activity of CuO. The capability of CuO/AC for Hg0 removal increased with an increase of CuO loading (1-20 wt.%). The Hg0 removal capability was the highest at around 180 °C in the temperature range of 120-200 °C, which can be due to the co-effect of adsorption and oxidation. As Hg0 concentration and space velocity decreased, the Hg0 removal efficiency increased.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Urban Surface Dust and Soil in Shanghai, China: Profiles, Possible Sources and Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Chen Zu Yi , Ma Jing , Wu Ming Hong , Lei Jian Qiu
Published: December 2012

The compositional profiles and health risks of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed with urban surface dust and soil samples from industrial, traffic and green areas in Shanghai. The total concentration of ∑8PBDE in urban surface dust ranged from 1.90 to 162 ng/g with a mean value of 29.6 ng/g, while the total concentration of ∑8PBDE in urban surface soil ranged from 1.09 to 39.9 ng/g with a mean value of 9.46 ng/g. ∑PBDEs have a higher concentration in urban dust samples as compared to urban soil samples. Cancer risks were calculated by Average Daily Dose (ADD) for human exposure to urban surface dust and soil containing PBDEs. Concentrations in Shanghai were 3.66×10-4 and 5.85×10-5 for children, and 1.58×10-4 and 6.44×10-5 for adults. Meanwhile, the health risk assessment has indicated that the intake of PBDEs via ingestion and dermal contact were higher than that via inhalation.
Water Poverty Theory and its Application in Urban Water Security
Authors: Gong Li , Jin Chun Ling
Published: December 2012

This paper discussed the conception, intension and basic theory of the water security, introduced the Water Poverty Index(WPI) composed by the Resource (R), Access (A), Use (U), Capacity (C) and Environment (E), then applied the WPI into the water security evaluation problem in Lanzhou city. The evaluation results show that the water poverty theory is available in the urban water application.
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxic Effects of Organic Extracts from Traffic-Related Particulate Matter in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Shang Yu , Fan Lan Lan , Zhang Ling
Published: December 2012

Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. However, the direct impact of the traffic-related PM on the cytotoxicity and genotoxic damage in vascular endothelial cells is less well known. The aim of the present study is to assess whether exposure to the organic extracts of traffic related-PM (oTRP) can induce cytotoxicity, DNA damage and oxidative stress in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The cell viability was determined by MTT assay after treatment with oTRP for 24 h. The injury of the cell plasma membrane was evaluated by testing the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage in cell culture supernatant. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined to evaluate the level of oxidative stress in cells. DNA damage was measured by alkaline Comet assay. The results showed that significantly dose-dependent cytotoxicity and DNA damage was detected in HUVEC after treated with oTRP for 24 h. A concomitant decrease in SOD activity was observed, suggesting that oTRP may mediate genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in HUVEC through the oxidative stress pathway. These results indicate that organic extracts of traffic related-PM has a potency to cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell death and plasma membrane damage in HUVEC, thus may be participated in the development of cardiovascular diseases through damaging vascular endothelial cells.
Directional Blasting Demolition of Thick-Wall Brick Chimney with 65 Meters High
Authors: Li Hong Wei , Guo Zi Ru , Liu Wei , Han Ti Fei
Published: December 2012

According to the environmental conditions on the blasting spot,the blasting notch shape and the blasting parameters were reasonably chosen,and series safety measures were reasonably adopted,which made a sixty-five-meter brick chimney to be demolished successfully.
Risk Evaluation for Bird Strike in Zhengzhou Airfield Based on the Danger Level to Aircraft
Authors: Zhao Fang Ran , Yuan Zhong Yuan , Zhang Tian Wang
Published: December 2012

Bird environment in different airfield is quite different, which results the causes of bird strike have significant differences. It should be based on the actual bird environment information and analysis results in different airfield, to develop practical prevention measures for bird strike. Through the investigations of bird situations in Zhengzhou airfield, combining with regularity and characteristics of the previous bird strike events, the five factors evaluation model of bird strike risk is initially built. Evaluation system for bird risk is built based on the principle of entropy method empowered. Based on the evaluation model of bird strike risk, the risk values and integrated risk values (IRV) of different bird species can be calculated in Zhengzhou airfield. The airfield birds are classified with the difference of bird strike risk according to the IRV. Specifically preventive proposals and measures are put forward based on bird strike risk classification for the different bird species. The results show that bird species of highest risk account for more than 20%, and higher risk more than 26%. Countermeasures of bird strike prevention are proposed with the results of risk classification. First it should be taken preventive measures, which focus on 7 bird species of IRV≥0.4. Second it should be paid attention to the prevention of 9 bird species on 0.3≤IRV<0.4.