bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Link between Environmental Toxicant Exposure and Endometriosis Re-Examined
Authors: M. Freger Shay , G. Foster Warren
Published: February 2020

Endometriosis is widely acknowledged to be an estrogen dependent disease or unknown etiology. Recognition that environmental toxicants can bind with and activate the estrogen receptor, dysregulate steroid metabolism and, in some cases, act as anti-androgenic substances (phthalate esters) has led to proposal that exposure to environmental toxicants are associated with increased risk of endometriosis. Since our last review of the subject in 2008, the literature has expanded with several epidemiological and biomonitoring studies suggesting a potential association, whereas others have been unable to demonstrate a link between exposure and enhanced risk. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review and critical appraisal of the literature published over the past decade (2009–2019). The majority of studies found dealt with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like compounds, bisphenol A and phthalate esters. Several studies suggest a potential association between exposure to environmental toxicants; however, important weaknesses in study design, methodology, and analysis together with many contradictory studies weaken confidence in these associations. Consequently, we conclude that despite a growing literature, evidence for an association between exposure to environmental toxicants and risk of endometriosis remains weak.
The Purpose of Theory
Authors: Van Den Eede Yoni ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

This paper zooms in on a recent development in the discussion between postphenomenology and critical constructivism: the attempt at working out a political philosophy in the framework of postphenomenology, specifically Peter-Paul Verbeek’s. Verbeek contrasts mediation theory to critical theory, arguing that critical theorists only “talk”; they don’t “do.” While the latter reproach postphenomenology/mediation theory for its lack of politics, Verbeek actually poses that “real” politics cannot be done by critical theorists—indeed exactly because of their not doing, that is, doing in the sense of helping to design and develop good real-world technological solutions. But this brings up pertinent questions, about whether a theory should “do” something, what that means, and whether calls for “doing” do not carry their own presuppositions with them that, if not made explicit, will bias the theory and its “use” toward certain directions. These issues are explored by way of among others an excursion into Rortyan pragmatism. Eventually, I conclude, it is perfectly acceptable that critical constructivism should “talk” and postphenomenology “do”—as long as we keep the meanings of those terms sufficiently clear.
Guidelines for borrowing special collections materials for exhibition: A draft
Authors: Library Association American
Published: February 2020

Guidelines for borrowing special collections materials for exhibition: A draft
Teaching library and information retrieval skills to academic administrators and support staff
Authors: Library Association American
Published: February 2020

Teaching library and information retrieval skills to academic administrators and support staff
Percepções de facilitadores sobre as tecnologias em saúde utilizadas em oficinas educativas com adolescentes
Authors: Gonçalves Gleice Adriana Araujo , Silva Kely Vanessa Leite Gomes da , Santos Rosely Leyliane dos , Machado Maria de Fátima Antero Sousa , Rebouças Cristiana Brasil de Almeida , Silva Viviane Martins da
Published: February 2020

Introdução: a adolescência é uma fase da vida caracterizada por situações de vulnerabilidade que predispõem os adolescentes às situações de risco. Inovações tecnológicas podem promover à saúde dos adolescentes por meio de oficinas educativas para empoderá-los acerca do cuidado com sua saúde. Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de facilitadores sobre as tecnologias em saúde utilizadas em oficinas educativas com adolescentes. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado com 14 facilitadores do projeto de extensão Adolescer com Saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, submetidos à análise de conteúdo em modalidade temática. Resultados: emergiram três categorias temáticas. Os facilitadores percebem as oficinas educativas como tecnologias em saúde adequadas e que potencializam a promoção da saúde. Apreendeu-se que a utilização das oficinas educativas pode contribuir para o êxito das ações, especialmente quando direcionadas aos adolescentes. Conclusão: os facilitadores percebem que as oficinas educativas, como tecnologias em saúde, são importantes. Evidenciou-se o uso recorrente de tecnologias leves e representam um recurso que fortalece ações de educação em saúde.
Ensino de Moda no Brasil com ênfase em Santa Catarina: análise construída pelos Paradigmas da Educação da Sociologia clássica
Authors: Favere Juliana , Scoz Emanuella , Scoz Tatiane Melissa
Published: February 2020

A proposta deste artigo tem o objetivo de relacionar os paradigmas da educação da sociologia clássica no percurso de ensino de Moda em Santa Catarina no século XX. Para tanto, foram abordadas duas questões centrais: o modelo de ensino de Moda no Brasil, com ênfase em Santa Catarina, paralelo ao modelo aceito socialmente, estudados a partir dos paradigmas da educação da Sociologia clássica, que são o do consenso, o do conflito e o compreensivo e as transformações conceituais construídas sobre a Moda ao longo das mudanças no ensino dela no século XX. Resultam algumas argumentações sobre o surgimento e as transformações do conceito construído de Moda em Santa Catarina, inicialmente para o trabalho, com os cursos técnicos, até o gradativo aparecimento nos cursos superiores de Moda a partir da década de 1970, no Brasil, e de 1990, em Santa Catarina. Analisamos o ensino de Moda em Santa Catarina a partir do surgimento dos cursos técnicos e superiores, que, tanto regularam um formato de ensino quanto foram regulados pelos paradigmas educacionais de seu tempo.
Uma proposição metodológica para leitura de fotografias de casamento
Authors: Schneid Frantieska Huszar , Michelon Francisca Ferreira
Published: February 2020

O trabalho é um recorte da metodologia da tese de doutorado (em andamento) Memórias costuradas: o traje da noiva em fotografias de casamento (1920-1969). A metodologia estrutura-se em estudo de caso com revisão bibliográfica, análise das fontes visuais (fotografias de casamento) e entrevistas. O acervo pesquisado não se encontra em um lugar público, organizado e catalogado, mas sim no privado, no íntimo. A escolha de 81 fotografias, se deu por optar apenas por fotografias em preto e branco, com a presença apenas do casal no registro e quase todas em pé, para a melhor visualização dos trajes. Foram utilizados diversos autores de áreas distintas que auxiliaram no entendimento das informações extraídas das imagens e foram todos de suma importância para a compreensão das diversas áreas trabalhadas (conservação e preservação, fotografia, museologia, moda e memória). Foi feita uma dissecação de cada fotografia para melhor entender a teia deste acervo. Assim, foi elaborado um roteiro para a leitura das fotografias, que priorizou os seus dados concretos. Com base nas fichas de análise fotográfica utilizadas por Mauad (1996), Bruno e Samaian (2007), Nacif (2007), Sant’Anna (2010) e Schneid (2018), foram construídas fichas para catalogar os retratos do presente estudo. O foco está na definição da roupa dos noivos, mas todos os outros elementos presentes na cena retratada são explorados, bem como a materialidade da fotografia, fotógrafo e contexto em que foi tirada. O presente texto mostra todo o processo metodológico desta análise.
As dimensões técnico-criativa e técnico-produtiva da modelagem no Design de Moda
Authors: Bilmaia Emidio Lucimar de Fátima , Menezes Marizilda dos santos
Published: February 2020

este artigo apresenta amodelagem do vestuário conceituada em duas dimensões e finalidades, bem como os aspectos e saberes à ela relacionados, sobretudo vinculada à práticas contemporâneas dos projetos de design demoda. A partir de um escopo teórico, associado a experiência profissional e docente, conduz uma reflexão, que vai de encontro com a necessidade de repensar a área de modelagemcomo um dos desdobramentos ou especializações do design de moda, e que por isso, não é coerente tratá-la como uma atividade puramente técnica e mecânica concretizada, nas fases finais dos projetos desta área.
Ethics at the Intersection of Crisis Translation and Humanitarian Innovation
Authors: Hunt Matthew , O’Brien Sharon , Cadwell Patrick , O’Mathúna Dónal P.
Published: February 2020

Language and its translation are important operational concerns in humanitarian
crisis response. Information sharing, coordination, collaboration and
relationship-building all revolve around the ability to communicate effectively.
However, doing so is hampered in many humanitarian crises by linguistic
differences and a lack of access to adequate translation. Various innovative
practices and products are being developed and deployed with the goal of
addressing these concerns. In this theoretical paper, we critically appraise the
ethical terrain of crisis translation and humanitarian innovation. We identify
ethical issues related to three broad themes. First, we foreground questions of
justice in access to translation and its prioritisation in contexts of
widespread and pressing needs. Second, we consider the relationship between
humanitarian ethics and the ethics of crisis translation. We argue for the
importance of attending to epistemic justice in humanitarian crisis response,
and consider how Ricoeur’s conception of linguistic hospitality provides
insights into how relationships in humanitarian settings can be understood
through the lens of an ethics of exchange while also acknowledging the steep
asymmetries that often exist in these contexts. Finally, we identify issues
related to how translation innovations intersect with humanitarian values and
humanitarians’ ethical commitments.
Energy efficient synaptic plasticity
Authors: Li Ho Ling , van Rossum Mark CW
Published: February 2020

Many aspects of the brain’s design can be understood as the result of evolutionary drive toward metabolic efficiency. In addition to the energetic costs of neural computation and transmission, experimental evidence indicates that synaptic plasticity is metabolically demanding as well. As synaptic plasticity is crucial for learning, we examine how these metabolic costs enter in learning. We find that when synaptic plasticity rules are naively implemented, training neural networks requires extremely large amounts of energy when storing many patterns. We propose that this is avoided by precisely balancing labile forms of synaptic plasticity with more stable forms. This algorithm, termed synaptic caching, boosts energy efficiency manifold and can be used with any plasticity rule, including back-propagation. Our results yield a novel interpretation of the multiple forms of neural synaptic plasticity observed experimentally, including synaptic tagging and capture phenomena. Furthermore, our results are relevant for energy efficient neuromorphic designs.
The CHORD protein CHP-1 regulates EGF receptor trafficking and signaling in C. elegans and in human cells
Authors: Haag Andrea , Walser Michael , Henggeler Adrian , Hajnal Alex
Published: February 2020

The intracellular trafficking of growth factor receptors determines the activity of their downstream signaling pathways. Here, we show that the putative HSP-90 co-chaperone CHP-1 acts as a regulator of EGFR trafficking in C. elegans. Loss of chp-1 causes the retention of the EGFR in the ER and decreases MAPK signaling. CHP-1 is specifically required for EGFR trafficking, as the localization of other transmembrane receptors is unaltered in chp-1(lf) mutants, and the inhibition of hsp-90 or other co-chaperones does not affect EGFR localization. The role of the CHP-1 homolog CHORDC1 during EGFR trafficking is conserved in human cells. Analogous to C. elegans, the response of CHORDC1-deficient A431 cells to EGF stimulation is attenuated, the EGFR accumulates in the ER and ERK2 activity decreases. Although CHP-1 has been proposed to act as a co-chaperone for HSP90, our data indicate that CHP-1 plays an HSP90-independent function in controlling EGFR trafficking through the ER.
Moving proteins along in the cilium
Authors: Petriman Narcis Adrian , Lorentzen Esben
Published: February 2020

The structures of the bovine and human BBSome reveal that a conformational change is required to recruit the complex to the ciliary membrane.
Improving sustainable use of genetic resources in biodiversity archives
Authors: Tuschhoff E. J. , Hutter Carl R. , Glor Richard E.
Published: February 2020

Tissue sample databases housed in biodiversity archives represent a vast trove of genetic resources, and these tissues are often destructively subsampled and provided to researchers for DNA extractions and subsequent sequencing. While obtaining a sufficient quantity of DNA for downstream applications is vital for these researchers, it is also important to preserve tissue resources for future use given that the original material is destructively and consumptively sampled with each use. It is therefore necessary to develop standardized tissue subsampling and loaning procedures to ensure that tissues are being used efficiently. In this study, we specifically focus on the efficiency of DNA extraction methods by using anuran liver and muscle tissues maintained at a biodiversity archive. We conducted a series of experiments to test whether current practices involving coarse visual assessments of tissue size are effective, how tissue mass correlates with DNA yield and concentration, and whether the amount of DNA recovered is correlated with sample age. We found that tissue samples between 2 and 8 mg resulted in the most efficient extractions, with tissues at the lower end of this range providing more DNA per unit mass and tissues at the higher end of this range providing more total DNA. Additionally, we found no correlation between tissue age and DNA yield. Because we find that even very small tissue subsamples tend to yield far more DNA than is required by researchers for modern sequencing applications (including whole genome shotgun sequencing), we recommend that biodiversity archives consider dramatically improving sustainable use of their archived material by providing researchers with set quantities of extracted DNA rather than with the subsampled tissues themselves.
Optimization of aeration enhanced surfactant soil washing for remediation of diesel-contaminated soils using response surface methodology
Authors: Ayele Befkadu Abayneh , Lu Jun , Chen Quanyuan
Published: February 2020

Surfactant-enhanced soil washing has been used for remediation of organic pollutants for an extended period, but its effectiveness and wide application was limited by the high concentration of surfactants utilized. In this work, the efficiency of conventional soil washing performance was enhanced by 12–25% through the incorporation of air bubbles into the low concentration surfactant soil washing system. Surfactant selection pre-experiment using aerated and conventional soil washing reveals Brij 35 > TX100 > Tween 80 > Saponin in diesel oil removal. Optimization of the effect of time, surfactant concentration, pH, agitation speed, and airflow rate in five levels were undertaken using Response Surface Methodology and Central composite design. The optimum degree of variables achieved was 90 min of washing time, 370 mg/l of concentration, washing pH of 10,535 rpm of agitation speed and 7.2 l/min of airflow rate with 79.5% diesel removal. The high predicted R2 value of 0.9517 showed that the model could efficiently be used to predict diesel removal efficiency. The variation in efficiency of aeration assisted and conventional soil washing was variable depending on the type of surfactant, organic matter content of the soil, particle size distribution and level of pollutant weathering. The difference in removal efficiency of the two methods increases when the level of organic matter increases and when the particle size and age of contamination decreases.
Gaps-In-Noise Test Performance in Children with Speech Sound Disorder and Cognitive Difficulty
Authors: Jung Yu Kyung , Lee Jae Hee
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives: The Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) test is a clinically effective measure of the integrity of the central auditory nervous system. The GIN procedure can be applied to a pediatric population above 7 years of age. The present study conducted the GIN test to compare the abilities of auditory temporal resolution among typically developing children, children with speech sound disorder (SSD), and children with cognitive difficulty (CD).Subjects and Methods: Children aged 8 to 11 years-(total n=30) participated in this study. There were 10 children in each of the following three groups: typically developing children, children with SSD, and children with CD. The Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology was conducted as a clinical assessment of the children’s articulation and phonology. The Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) was administered as a screening test for general cognitive function. According to the procedure of Musiek, the pre-recorded stimuli of the GIN test were presented at 50 dB SL. The results were scored by the approximated threshold and the overall percent correct score (%).Results: All the typically developing children had normal auditory temporal resolution based on the clinical cutoff criteria of the GIN test. The children with SSD or CD had significantly reduced gap detection performance compared to age-matched typically developing children. The children’s intelligence score measured by the K-WISC-III test explained 37% of the variance in the percent-correct score.Conclusions: Children with SSD or CD exhibited poorer ability to resolve rapid temporal acoustic cues over time compared to the age-matched typically developing children. The ability to detect a brief temporal gap embedded in a stimulus may be related to the general cognitive ability or phonological processing.
Role of Functional Conflict on Employee Engagement through Effective Negotiation in Banking Sector of Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Khushk Amir Ali
Published: February 2020

Aims: Conflict is an inevitable part of human life; however, the functional conflict is considered positive in professional life as it encourages competition and enhances employee performance due to employee engagement. Conflict in the workplace can take place in any forms but the major conflict studied in this paper is task conflict and relationship conflict. This research aims to evaluate the role of task conflict and relationship conflict towards negotiation as an intervening variable, leading towards employee engagement in the banking sector of Hyderabad.

Study Design/ Methodology: This paper is based on quantitative research in which a deductive tactic is adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data by using a single (mono-method) technique. 152 respondents participated in the survey from the banking sector of Hyderabad out of which 140 valid cases were taken for this research. To test and analyze the data; statistical tests and descriptive analyses were done using SPSS software.

Results: The outcome of the research revealed that task conflict is not the strong predictor of intervening variable i.e. negotiation whereas, relationship conflict is a strong predictor of negotiation and can influence employee engagement.

Conclusion: To test the relationship between independent variables (IV) i:e (task conflict and relationship conflict) and dependent variable (DV) (employee engagement) through intervening variable i:e negotiation. Although this research considered two independent variables one of the variables in this study is found to have negative relation i:e Task Conflict (TC) whereas, relationship conflict is considered positive and is a strong predictor of intervening variable i:e negotiation which has an effect on employee engagement. Finding from this research helps identify the relationship between variables and contributes well to the research objectives.
Development of a novel murine heart failure model overexpressing human renin and angiotensinogen
Authors: Hara Tomoya , Yamamura Takeshi , Murakami‐Asahina Mirei , Matsumoto Hirokazu , Takeyama Michiyasu , Kanagawa Ray , Nishimoto Tomoyuki
Published: February 2020

Renin is the rate‐limiting enzyme of the renin–angiotensin system cascade, which drives the pathophysiological progression of heart failure. Species differences in the amino acid sequence of the catalytic domain of renin limit evaluations of the potency and efficacy of human renin inhibitors in animal models, and a high dose of inhibitors is usually needed to show its organ‐protective effects in rodents. In the present study, we developed a novel murine heart failure model (triple‐tg) to enable us to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of renin inhibitors at more relevant doses for humans, by cross‐breeding calsequestrin transgenic (CSQ‐tg) mice with human renin and human angiotensinogen double‐transgenic mice. The triple‐tg mice exhibited increased plasma renin activity, worsened cardiac hypertrophy, and higher mortality compared to CSQ‐tg mice. Triple‐tg mice treated with 10 mg·kg−1 of TAK‐272 (imarikiren/SCO‐272), an orally active direct renin inhibitor, exhibited improvements in heart failure phenotypes, such as cardiac hypertrophy and survival rate; however, a dose of 300 mg·kg−1 was required to improve symptoms in CSQ‐tg mice. Our results suggest that this newly generated triple‐tg heart failure model is useful to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of human renin inhibitors at clinically relevant doses, thereby minimizing the concerns of off‐target effects related to much higher drug exposure than that achieved in clinical study.
Plan composition and actual conditions of official university residences in former Showa‐Cho during the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Yawen , Shimizu Takafumi
Published: February 2020

In 1895 (Meiji 28), Taiwan was ceded from the Qing dynasty to become a Japanese territory, and it remained a Japanese colony for the next 51 years, until 1945. During this period, many “Japanese‐style houses” were built throughout Taiwan for Japanese immigrants. As senior civil servants, the faculty members of the Taipei Imperial University were provided with official residences. However, as the number of immigrants increased, the number of official residences did not increase proportionally, and a housing shortage ensued. As the demand for individual residences gradually increased, the residents themselves took the initiative, proposing and developing a residential area. The former Showa‐Cho area was selected as a suitable location for official university residences primarily intended for the faculty members of the Taipei Imperial University because it was within walking distance of the educational institutions. This study clarifies the background, process, and reasons for building official university residences in former Showa‐Cho, from the time when the faculty members of the Taipei Imperial University arrived in Taiwan until individual residences were built in 1929. Further, the features and composition of the plans and as the actual conditions of the official residences built by the Taipei Imperial University are examined.
Clinical Features of Systemic Sclerosis–Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Systemic Sclerosis Overlap Syndromes
Authors: Fairley Jessica L. , Hansen Dylan , Proudman Susanna , Sahhar Joanne , Ngian Gene‐Siew , Walker Jenny , Strickland Gemma , Wilson Michelle , Morrisroe Kathleen , Ferdowsi Nava , Major Gabor , Roddy Janet , Stevens Wendy , Nikpour Mandana ,   for the Australian Scleroderma Interest Group
Published: February 2020

Objective

To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of systemic sclerosis–mixed connective tissue disease (SSc–MCTD) and SSc overlap syndrome.

Methods

We included patients from the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study who met American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology criteria for SSc. Three mutually exclusive groups were created: SSc–MCTD, SSc overlap, and SSc only. Univariate comparison of clinical features was performed by analysis of variance or chi‐square test. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan‐Meier (KM) curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results

Of 1,728 patients, 97 (5.6%) had SSc–MCTD, and 126 (7.3%) had SSc overlap. Those with MCTD–SSc were more commonly Asian (18.3% versus 10.1% in SSc overlap, and 3.6% in SSc only; P < 0.0001) and younger at disease onset (38.4 years versus 46.5 or 46.8 years, P < 0.0001). Those with SSc–MCTD or SSc overlap were more likely to have limited cutaneous SSc. All 3 groups had similar frequency of interstitial lung disease (ILD), although pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was less common in SSc overlap. Synovitis and myositis were more common in SSc overlap and SSc–MCTD than in SSc only. KM curves showed better survival in SSc–MCTD than SSc overlap or SSc only (P = 0.011), but this was not significant after adjustment for sex and age at disease onset. SSc‐specific antibodies were survival prognostic markers, with antinuclear antibody centromere or anti‐RNP conferring better survival than anti–Scl‐70 or anti–RNA polymerase III (P = 0.005). Patients with SSc–MCTD and SSc overlap had lower mortality following diagnosis of ILD and PAH than patients with SSc only.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into the clinical characteristics of patients with SSc–MCTD, SSc overlap, and SSc only and shows that anti‐RNP antibodies are associated with better survival than anti–Scl‐70 and anti‐RNA polymerase III antibodies.
Nanoconfinement Effects on Redox Probe Transport in Lipid Assemblies on and in Mesoporous Silica Thin Films
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Guilfoil Emma , He Yuxin , Nagpure Suraj , Islam Syed Z. , Khan M. Arif , Rankin Stephen E. , Knutson Barbara L.
Published: February 2020

Redox probe transport through supported lipid bilayers and nanopore‐confined lipid assemblies on silica thin films is examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These supported lipid systems are emerging biomimetic separation and sensor platforms. The ability to quantify the accessibility of the pore structure of the mesoporous silica thin films is demonstrated, which is essential for the incorporation of carriers into the lipids for selective solute transport. Redox probe molecules with varying hydrophilicity are used to compare ion transport in supported lipid pore‐spanning bilayers (enveloped bilayers) and novel lipid filled pores of mesoporous silica thin films. The films feature orthogonally oriented 8–10 nm cylindrical nanopores formed by deposition of P123‐templated silica sols onto chemically modified fluorine‐doped tin oxide. Nanopore accessibility is confirmed by EIS with hydrophilic probe 1,1′‐ferrocenedimethanol (FDM). Filling the pores with lipid 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine results in a superior barrier (with roughly 1/9 the permeability) to transport of FDM compared to fragile enveloped lipid bilayers deposited by vesicle fusion. The pore‐confined lipids not only provide a better barrier to FDM, but also a better pathway for the transport across the films of a hydrophobic redox probe 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium dibromide, with an ideal transport selectivity of 11 compared to FDM.
Facile and Green Strategy for Designing Ultralight, Flexible, and Multifunctional PVA Nanofiber‐Based Aerogels
Authors: Zhu Jie , Lv Shasha , Yang Tonghui , Huang Tao , Yu Hao , Zhang Qinghua , Zhu Meifang
Published: February 2020

Polymer nanofiber aerogels are highly flexible and elastic. However, their preparation in a simple, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly manner remains challenging. Herein, a green strategy for preparing an ultralight poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber aerogel by electrospinning and freeze‐drying is reported. A simple thermal crosslinking method is used to make a mechanically robust material that can withstand up to 1000 times its own weight, i.e., no toxic crosslinking agents or organic solvents are used in any part of the fabrication process. The optimal aerogel has high porosity (99.1%), and consequently excellent thermal insulation performance and low thermal conductivity (0.033 W m−1 K−1). Furthermore, the flexibility and hierarchical micronano structure of the aerogel qualify it as a promising candidate for air filters and intelligent wearable sensors.
Charge‐Transfer‐Controlled Growth of Organic Semiconductor Crystals on Graphene
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen Ngan , Lee Hyo Chan , Yoo Min Seok , Lee Eunho , Lee Hansol , Lee Seon Baek , Cho Kilwon
Published: February 2020

Controlling the growth behavior of organic semiconductors (OSCs) is essential because it determines their optoelectronic properties. In order to accomplish this, graphene templates with electronic‐state tunability are used to affect the growth of OSCs by controlling the van der Waals interaction between OSC ad‐molecules and graphene. However, in many graphene‐molecule systems, the charge transfer between an ad‐molecule and a graphene template causes another important interaction. This charge‐transfer‐induced interaction is never considered in the growth scheme of OSCs. Here, the effects of charge transfer on the formation of graphene–OSC heterostructures are investigated, using fullerene (C60) as a model compound. By in situ electrical doping of a graphene template to suppress the charge transfer between C60 ad‐molecules and graphene, the layer‐by‐layer growth of a C60 film on graphene can be achieved. Under this condition, the graphene–C60 interface is free of Fermi‐level pinning; thus, barristors fabricated on the graphene–C60 interface show a nearly ideal Schottky–Mott limit with efficient modulation of the charge‐injection barrier. Moreover, the optimized C60 film exhibits a high field‐effect electron mobility of 2.5 cm2 V−1 s−1. These results provide an efficient route to engineering highly efficient optoelectronic graphene–OSC hybrid material applications.
Nanodrug with ROS and pH Dual‐Sensitivity Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis via Multicellular Regulation
Authors: Lin Liteng , Gong Hengye , Li Rui , Huang Jingjun , Cai Mingyue , Lan Tian , Huang Wensou , Guo Yongjian , Zhou Zhimei , An Yongcheng , Chen Zhiwei , Liang Licong , Wang Yong , Shuai Xintao , Zhu Kangshun
Published: February 2020

Liver fibrosis currently represents a global health problem without effective pharmacotherapeutic strategies. The clinical translation of polydatin, a promising natural anti‐fibrotic drug candidate with broad anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities, remains a major challenge due to its limited water solubility and tissue absorption. Herein, a polydatin‐loaded micelle (PD‐MC) based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pH dual‐sensitive block polymer PEG‐P(PBEM‐co‐DPA) is developed. The micelle exerts great potential in improving the biocompatibility of polydatin and shows highly efficient liver‐targeted drug release in response to the fibrotic microenvironment. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that PD‐MC can significantly suppress inflammatory response and oxidative stress, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, and avert activation of macrophages and hepatic stellate cells. More excitingly, the blank micelle itself promotes the hepatic ROS consumption at the pathologic site to provide anti‐inflammatory benefits. These favorable therapeutic virtues of targeting multiple cell types endow PD‐MC with remarkable efficacy with minimal side effects in liver fibrosis treatment. Thus, PD‐MC holds great potential to push forward the clinical application of polydatin in pharmacotherapeutic approaches against liver fibrosis.
Economics of pulse crop frequency and sequence in a wheat‐based rotation
Authors: Khakbazan Mohammad , Gan Yantai , Bandara Manjula , Huang Jianzhong
Published: February 2020

Pulse crops (PC) have become an essential part of cropping systems in the northern Great Plains. Despite agronomic benefits of rotating pulses with cereal crops, knowledge of the economics of PC frequency and sequence in a rotation is limited. A field study was conducted from 2010 to 2014 at three locations in western Canada to evaluate the effects of rotating a cereal crop with a range of PC at different frequencies and sequences on the economic returns and risk of both the entire rotation and each individual crop. Crops in rotation included spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (W), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (P), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (C), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) (L), and Oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.) (M). Thirteen 4‐yr‐cycle crop rotation treatments, along with a continuous wheat treatment as a baseline, were included. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates at each site‐year. The net revenue (NR) was defined as the income remaining after paying all monetary, land and ownership, and labor costs. Crop rotation had a significant effect on average annual NR. The most profitable rotations were L–L–L–W and P–M–L–W. These rotations provided CAN$330 and $235 yr–1 ha–1 higher NR, respectively, than the baseline, and were most preferable by risk‐averse producers. The economic ranking of the rotations remained the same with different crop price scenarios. Preceding PC also had a positive impact on the succeeding wheat crop NR.
Introduction to the special issue on welfare conditionality in Australia
Authors: Parsell Cameron , Vincent Eve , Klein Elise , Clarke Andrew , Walsh Tamara
Published: February 2020

Conditionality in Australia’s welfare state has sustained a significant academic critique, including the critique published in this journal. In this Special Issue of the Australian Journal of Social Issues, we contribute to the existing critical literature on welfare conditionality. This Special Issue aimed to provide empirical scrutiny into welfare reform and conditionality in Australia. The articles extend our understanding of welfare conditionality’s underpinnings and its lived effects. These case studies illuminate the aspects of welfare conditionality that have not received enough attention: the role of technology, the question of mobility, the relationship with housing and the little thought given to the state’s role in mutual obligation. What is clear is that the individualisation of structural problems is not just a theoretical and political misstep ripe for critique, but leads to the formulation of policies that impact marginalised people’s capacity to shape life on their own terms. Through different empirical foci, all papers in this Special Issue demonstrate how welfare conditionality is put forward as a solution to address the consequences of structural disadvantage.
An Unprecedented Antimony(III) Borate with Strong Linear and Nonlinear Optical Responses
Authors: Liu Youchao , Liu Xiaomeng , Liu Shuai , Ding Qingran , Li Yanqiang , Li Lina , Zhao Sangen , Lin Zheshuai , Luo Junhua , Hong Maochun
Published: February 2020

Antimony(III) borates with a stereochemical active lone pair remained unknown, although the first antimony borate was reported more than twenty years ago. Now, the first antimony(III) borate in a closed system is successfully synthesized, namely SbB3O6. Remarkably, SbB3O6 not only exhibits an exceptional linear optical response, that is, birefringence of Δn=0.290 at the wavelength of 546 nm, which is the largest among borates, but also has a strong nonlinear optical response of 3.5 times larger than the benchmark KH2PO4, exceeding those of most borates. Theoretical calculations reveal that the coexistence of strong linear and nonlinear optical responses in SbB3O6 should be attributable to the synergistic effect of π‐conjugated B−O anionic groups and Sb3+ with stereochemically active lone pair. This work provides a new class of optical bi‐functional materials with potential prospects in integrated optical devices.
Programmed Locomotion of an Active Gel Driven by Spiral Waves
Authors: Ren Lin , Wang Liyuan , Gao Qingyu , Teng Rui , Xu Ziyang , Wang Jing , Pan Changwei , Epstein Irving R.
Published: February 2020

Active media that host spiral waves can display complex modes of locomotion driven by the dynamics of those waves. We use a model of a photosensitive stimulus‐responsive gel that supports the propagation of spiral chemical waves to study locomotive transition and programmed locomotion. The mode transition between circular and toroidal locomotion results from the onset of spiral tip meandering that arises via a secondary Hopf bifurcation as the level of illumination is increased. This dynamic instability of the system introduces a second circular locomotion with a small diameter caused by tip meandering. The original circular locomotion with large diameter is driven by the push‐pull asymmetry of the wavefront and waveback of the simple spiral waves initiated at one corner of gel. By harnessing this mode transition of the gel locomotion via coded illumination, we design programmable pathways of nature‐inspired angular locomotion of the gel.
Coagulation performance of cationic polyelectrolyte/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared under LED irradiation
Authors: Mardani Atefeh , Mohamadnia Zahra , Kazemi Foad
Published: February 2020

A series of acrylic‐based cationic polyelectrolyte nanocomposites including water‐soluble monomers acrylamide (AAm) and 2‐acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DAC) with different mole percent of DAC (30, 40, and 45%) in feed were produced using TiO2 nanoparticles (0.018, 0.037, and 0.11 wt%) as photoinitiator in the aqueous solution of monomers and named as p(ADT)1–9. The LED light at 365 nm was used for photocatalysis activation of TiO2 nanoparticles. Structure and morphology of the synthetic polyelectrolyte were characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, TGA, FESEM‐EDX, and TEM. The other properties of synthetic polyelectrolyte such as molecular weight, viscosity, charge density, AAm/DAC molar ratio in copolymers, reactivity ratio values for the AAm and DAC monomers, and polymerization degree were measured. Furthermore, coagulation performance of these polyelectrolytes was investigated in soil suspension (1,000 ml, initial turbidity = 1,715 NTU). The prepared nanocomposites enhanced the coagulation of soil suspension up to 99.5% in low dosages. The best turbidity removal efficiencies (TRE) between 99.5–99.77% were achieved by p(ADT)3 conatining 30% DAC and 0.11 wt% TiO2. Decreasing the temperature from room temperature to 0°C led to an increase in TRE from 98 to 99.8%. Also, increasing the pH from 4 to 12 led to a decrease in TRE from 99.86 to 94%.
Research of polylactide porous hollow nanofiber membrane with high selective absorption characteristics
Authors: Ryu Yeon Sung , Kim Seong Hun
Published: February 2020

A porous hollow fiber membrane using polylactide (PLA), a representative bio‐derived polymer, was successfully fabricated. The use of high surface area fabrics can effectively absorb liquids, making it possible to impart selective absorbency to fabrics made of hydrophobic PLA. In this study, a porous PLA fabric was developed by applying the porosity of the fiber surface depending on the solvent, and the change was confirmed by morphological image analysis. To increase the total surface area effectively, hollow fibers were fabricated with coaxial electrospinning to maintain the pores of the surface while having a hollow space, and the changed oil absorption based on the fiber structure was measured. To enhance the selective absorption of the fabric to the oil, a coating process using nanoparticle was added. Dodecyltrichlorosilane‐treated silica became superhydrophobic by attaching special functional groups to the surface of the particles. The treated silica was coated on the surface of the fabric to provide the functionality. To confirm the selective absorbency of the coated fabric, changes in oil and water absorption were analyzed, and the performance of the fabric was demonstrated. The fabricated PLA porous hollow fiber membranes are expected to replace existing products in the fields of tissue engineering, biofilters, and environment‐friendly fabrics.
Untersuchung der Langzeitstabilität von Silica basiertem hydrophobem Superisolationsmaterial in Bauanwendungen
Authors: Gärtner Gabriele , Menzel Frank
Published: February 2020

Um die Marktanforderung nach immer besserer Dämmleistung der Gebäudehülle zu erfüllen, wurden hocheffiziente Dämmmaterialien, auch bekannt unter dem Namen Superisolationsmaterial (Super Insulation Materials), entwickelt. Das sind Materialien mit einer bis zu 10‐mal geringeren Wärmeleitfähigkeit von herkömmlichen Dämmstoffen. Allerdings sind diese Materialien teuer und ihre Lebensdauer bei wechselnden hygrothermischen Einflüssen noch nicht hinreichend untersucht, was bereits im internationalen Forschungsprojekt Annex 65 der Internationalen Energieagentur (IEA) beschrieben wurde.

Der Hydrophobierungsprozess an synthetischem amorphen Siliziumdioxid SAS ist jedoch seit Langem bekannt und wird zur Hydrophobierung von Pulvern in verschiedenen Industrieanwendungen eingesetzt. Deshalb war der erste Schritt in der vorliegenden Studie die Langzeitstabilität von hydrophoben Pulvern zu evaluieren, um dann die Langzeitstabilität entsprechend hydrophobierter Formkörper zu untersuchen und zu bewerten.
Kondensationsrisikobewertung in der Planung von Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktionen
Authors: Junghanns Mike , Rehner Christian , Schmid Fabian , Teich Martien
Published: February 2020

Der Feuchteschutz bei Bauwerken und von Konstruktionen ist essentiell, da nicht nur langfristig Schäden an der Konstruktion ausgeschlossen, sondern auch nutzungsgerechte Raumbedingungen erreicht werden sollen. Die Folgen eines unzureichenden Feuchteschutzes würden die funktionale oder ästhetische Qualität des Bauwerks negativ beeinflussen.

Bei Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktionen liegt der Fokus des Feuchteschutzes zunächst auf einem korrekt ausgeführten Korrosionsschutz der Stahlbauteile, da sie das primäre und oft auch das sekundäre Tragwerk bilden. Die Einfassung der Glaselemente wird üblicherweise durch eloxierte oder beschichtete Aluminium‐Profil‐Systeme erreicht, die hinsichtlich des Korrosionsschutzes unproblematisch sind. Die Beachtung einer korrekten thermischen Trennung, das Fügen von Bauteilen und die fertigungstechnische Qualität entscheiden bei solchen Metallbaukonstruktionen über eine fachgerechte und einwandfreie Ausführung. Das ist wichtig, da bei derartigen Konstruktionen die Kondensation und Tauwasserbildung in der Konstruktion oder an Bauteiloberflächen negative Auswirkungen, wie Wasserablagerungen am Glas oder Tropfenbildung hat und in der Folge andere Gewerke schädigen kann.

Die Einschätzung, inwieweit ein solches Risiko besteht, wird im Planungsprozess typischerweise durch Berechnungen vorgenommen. Bei einer beispielhaften Gitternetzschalenkonstruktion für ein nordamerikanisches Projekt wurden ergänzende messtechnische Untersuchungen an Großmustern, sogenannten Mock‐ups, durchgeführt, um unter anderem eine bessere Einschätzung zum Kondensationsverhalten zu erhalten.

Der vorliegende Artikel vergleicht die thermischen Berechnungen an kritischen Details mit den entsprechenden messtechnischen Untersuchungen und zeigt Gründe für Unterschiede und Aussagegenauigkeiten auf. Ergänzend sind relevante Normen und Richtlinien zur Kondensatrisikobewertung für Europa und Nordamerika zusammengefasst und der messtechnische Aufbau dargestellt.
Energiebedarf versus Energieverbrauch unter Einbeziehung von Langzeitmessungen zum Temperaturverlauf
Authors: Ackermann Thomas
Published: February 2020

Wie der Vergleich des Energiebedarfs mit dem Energieverbrauch von sieben exemplarisch ausgewählten Wohngebäuden zeigt, liegen die Werte beim Bedarf in der Regel über den Angaben für den Verbrauch. Dies ist nicht nur auf den anzusetzenden Bezug – Bedarf oder Verbrauch – zurückzuführen, sondern bei Bedarfsberechnungen kommt erschwerend hinzu, dass der Ansatz von DIN V 18599 immer schlechtere Ergebnisse liefert als der Bezug auf DIN V 4108‐6 in Verbindung mit DIN V 4701‐10. Außerdem zeigt eine Analyse von Langzeitmessungen der Raum‐ und Außenlufttemperaturen an 33 Standorten in der Bundesrepublik, dass die wirklichen, zeitlich veränderlichen Temperaturläufe in Gebäuden deutlich von den standardisierten, zeitlich konstanten Werten nach Norm abweichen.
Stay cool during power struggles
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: February 2020

Regardless of whether you work as a faculty member or elsewhere in higher education, I have an anecdote about overcoming power struggles that may be of use to your department.
Create effective video surveillance with systematic approach
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: February 2020

FAIRFAX, Va. — The Middle Tennessee State University Police Department has solved numerous crimes with the help of approximately 600 video cameras located across campus. Officers have also shown allegations to be false, and even solved the mystery of how a car reported stolen showed up in a different parking spot (officers concluded the car was towed by mistake and then returned).
Effects of annealing time on structure and properties of sweet potato starch
Authors: Hu Aijun , Wang Xiaoyi , Li Lu , Xu Tingting , Zheng Jie
Published: February 2020

Background and objectives

Sweet potato starch is an important industrial raw material, but it is not applied widely because of its disadvantages including high regeneration rate and poor paste stability. In this study, the starches were incubated at 50°C for 1, 3 and 5 days, their structure and properties were determined, and annealing (ANN) time effects on sweet potato starch were investigated.

Findings

X‐ray diffraction revealed that both native and annealed sweet potato starches had the A‐type crystalline pattern. After ANN for 3 days or less, the relative crystallinity, short‐range order and enthalpy of starch decreased slightly due to partial gelatinization, however long ANN for 5 days resulted in their increase. ANN increased the pasting temperature (To, Tp, Tc), narrowed the gelatinization temperature range (Tc‐To), and promoted an increasingly significant reduction in peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback with the increase in ANN time. Also, ANN increased the cumulative particle size of sweet potato starch granule.

Conclusion

5 days' ANN treatment had the greatest effect on the starch, while short‐time ANN for 1 day and 3 days had only the little effect. Right ANN time could obviously improve the starch structure and properties, like good thermal stability and weak retrogradation.

Significance and novelty

This study provides valuable conclusions from the ANN time level, confirms that long‐time ANN is very necessary, and creatively proved by the short‐range order and cumulative particle size.
Cavitary lesions emerged rapidly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia
Authors: Kawakami Naoki , Ohara Shin , Namkoong Ho
Published: February 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa should be highly considered as a causative pathogen, when patients deteriorate rapidly despite community‐acquired pathogen, and the radiological findings display a rapid emergence of cavitary lung lesions especially among patients at high risk of P aeruginosa pneumonia.