bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Acute Inflammatory Markers with Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mohanan Abhina , Pottakkat BIJU , Vairappan Balasubramaniyan , Gladwin V
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas that presents as episodes of acute inflammation or chronic damage, leading to alterations in the organ’s normal structure and function. Numerous studies have focused on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in Acute Pancreatitis (AP), but similar studies in CP are rare. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of acute inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in CP patients with healthy controls, and to investigate the correlation between acute inflammatory markers and oxidative stress markers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India, from January 2018 to December 2021. Forty-five patients diagnosed with CP, based on clinical manifestations, Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) of the abdomen, and histopathology reports, were enrolled along with 45 healthy controls. Serum biochemical parameters, including inflammatory markers such as high-sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as oxidative stress parameters such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Antioxidant Status (TAO), and Total Oxidant Status (TOS), were measured. The Oxidative Status Index (OSI) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups. None of the individuals in the control group had diabetes, and their Body Mass Index (BMI) was within normal limits. Patients exhibited leukocytosis, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Although all patients presented with pain, none had recent acute pain episodes or elevated serum amylase levels. Compared to healthy individuals, CP patients showed significantly elevated serum concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, as well as OSI. Serum antioxidant (TAO) levels were significantly reduced in patients compared to controls. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were positively correlated with age, smoking and alcohol intake. There was a positive correlation between acute inflammatory markers and oxidative stress markers in patients with CP. Conclusion: Serum inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were significantly elevated in patients with CP as compared to controls, indicating key roles in patients with CP.
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN CHILDREN AND SENIORS: THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF INTERGENERATIONAL SPACES IN GRODZISKO DOLNE, POLAND
Authors: Anna Martyka  , Zuzanna Chmura
Published: September 2023

This article focuses on the design of shared spaces for children and older people to promote positive intergenerational relationships. Designing spaces appropriately can help improve the quality of life for both groups. Shared spaces can be more resource efficient and provide services tailored to the needs of children and seniors. The aim of this study is to analyse the conditions for creating such a facility in Grodzisko Dolne and to propose an architectural concept. The methodology includes a literature review, a diagnostic survey, an architectural concept and a synthesis. The results suggest that effective inclusive spaces should offer programmes that are attractive to both children and seniors in order to maximise the benefits of intergenerational interaction.
Technology Enhanced Learning: Utilization of SymboLab Manipulative Instruction and Performance of Students in Quadratic Graphs
Authors: Akpan Ekemini T. , Charles-Ogan Gladys I. , Eze Foluke B. , Okafor-Agbala Uzoamaka C. , Onyeka Edith C.
Published: September 2023

Twenty first century learners are digital citizen and technologically savvy. This demands the use of innovative teaching strategies that take leverages of the affordance of digital tools. In this study, the effects of SymboLab manipulative instruction on students’ performance in quadratic graph has been investigated. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The population of study consisted of all senior secondary one students across schools in Uyo metropolis, and a sample size of  one hundred (100) students were purposively selected from the population.  The instruments for data collection was Quadratic Performance Test.  The validated instrument by experts yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.81, by method of Kuder-Richardson-21 formula. Quasi-experimental design was used for the study. Two intact classes were assigned to experimental group and a control group. The first experimental group were taught the concept of quadratic graph using SymboLab Manipulative Instruction, while the control group were taught quadratic graph using Concrete Manipulative Instruction.  Data obtained from the study was analyzed using mean, percentages and Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that students taught quadratic graph using technology enhanced learning tool; SymboLab Manipulatives performed significantly higher than those taught using Concrete Manipulative. Gender exerted a non-significant influence on students’ performance in quadratic graph between the intervention groups. Moreover, the joint effect of gender and instructional manipulatives yield non-significant influence on students’ performance in the concept of quadratic graph. It was therefore recommended that technology enhanced learning tools such as SymboLab Manipulatives should be used to teach the concept of quadratic graphs in secondary schools.
Evaluation of the Effects of Salinity Stress on Yield Parameters of Soybeans (Glycine max) Cultivated in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Aboh Andrew, Ashieta , Ikwa Eyong, Oduba
Published: September 2023

A pot experiment was conducted in the screen house at the Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus to evaluate the effect of different salt concentrations on the yield of three different varieties of soybeans (Glycine max). The experiment was laid in complete randomized design (CRD) with twenty replicates for each variety. Yield parameters which include number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight (g) and seed yield were measured, and data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that salinity stress led to a significant reduction in number of pods per plant over control. At 30mM Nacl which was the highest level of saline water TGX 1987-10F had a better salt tolerance level as compared to other varieties, which might be as a result of some salt tolerance genes. 100 seed weight (g) reduced significantly under salinity stress as compared with the control, but TGX 1987-10F showed better salt tolerance level as compared with other varieties. Seed yield per plant decreased significantly with increasing salinity levels and a greater reduction was observed in TGX 1448-2E and TGX 1835-10E. It was concluded that Soybean is a sensitive plant to salinity stress, but the extent of this sensitivity varies among varieties. TGX 1987-10F showed a better tolerance level as compared with other varieties. Therefore, it is recommended that TGX 1987-10F can be cultivated in saline areas.
Effect of Various Stages and Levels of Detopping on Growth, Fodder Yield and Quality of Detopped Rabi maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Nayak Navanath , Angadi, S. S.  , Shivamurthy, D.  , Hebsur, N. S.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2021-22 to study the effect of various stages and levels of detopping on growth parameters, fodder yield and quality parameters of detopped rabi maize at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications and comprising sixteen treatment combinations with one control. The main plot consisted of four stages of detopping (detopping at 15 days, 20 days, 25 days and 30 days after silking and 0sub plot consisted of four levels of detopping (detopping up to two, three, four and five leaves). The results revealed that, higher plant height (189.64 cm) was recorded when detopping was carried out at 30 days after silking with top two leaves and was followed by detopping at 15 days, 20 days and 25 days after silking with top two leaves. Whereas, higher number of green leaves (10.33) and leaf area index (4.55) were recorded when detopping was carried out 15 days after silking with two leaves and was followed by detopping at 15 days after silking with top three leaves. Detopping at 15 days after silking with top five leaves recorded higher detopped green (5821 kg ha-1) and dry fodder yield (1537 kg ha-1) and was on par with detopping at 20 days after silking with top five leaves. The control (no detopping) treatment recorded significantly higher plant height, number of green leaves, leaf area index and total dry matter production.
Effect of Elevated Temperature Interaction with Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Physiological Quality of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes under Fate Condition
Authors: S. Manjunath, , Shakuntala, N. M.  , Vanaja, M.  , Gowda Basve , Doddagoudar, S. R.  , Prabhuraj, A.
Published: September 2023

Four genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) viz., K-6, Naryani, Darani and K-9 were raised under Free Air Temperature Elevated (FATE) condition. The plants were raised in open rings with elevated temperature (+3°C) and carbon dioxide (550ppm) during rabi 2016 to investigate the effect of increased temperature and its interaction with CO2 on various seed quality parameters. The physiological parameters decreased under elevated CO2 and temperature. The results revealed that germination ranged from 81.5 to 90 per cent between four genotypes i.e., K-6, Naryani, Darani and K-9. Similarly speed of germination 49 to 83.02, shoot length 14.73 to 7.70, root length ranges from 20.80 to 9.50, and seedling vigour index 123.47 to 98.53 and seedling dry weight 0.919 to 0.100 g. Further, biochemical parameters like SOD, MDA and α amylase content increased at eT + eCO2 as compared to control treatment. Limited evidence suggests that only short periods of high-temperature stress at critical seed development stages are required to reduce seed vigour, but further research is required. The predicted environmental changes will lead to losses of seed quality particularly for seed vigour and possibly germination.
The present study shows that temperature impacts the groundnut crop’s physiological and quality parameters.
Impact of Climate Resilient Technology on Growth and Yield of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) under Submergence Condition
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Singh Pavan , Singh Hemant Kumar , Christopher Kevin , Singh Prakash , Kumar Amrendra , Kumar Anjani
Published: September 2023

The submergence of rice fields is a significant issue in India's rice production, which is further aggravated by the unpredictable monsoon rain patterns and the impact of climate change. Larger variation in rainfall patterns affected by the timing of nursery raising and transplanting later in the main field therefore, we adopted Climate Resilient Technology (CRT) for rice production, Extended seedbed durations for rice seedlings allow for adequate rainfall during the monsoon season. So that the experiment was conducted at 30 farmer’s fields of NICRA village, Khana Bari, Kishanganj, Bihar, India, in 2022 under the supervision farm science Center, Kishanganj, the experiment was framed in randomized block design with ten replications. All plots received the recommended dose of fertilizers (120:60:40 kg ha-1 N.P.K.) in equal amounts. Urea, di-ammonium phosphate, and muriate of potash were used as the sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. To determine the growth characters i.e., plant height (cm) at harvest stage, number of effective tillers hill-1, LAI, Chlorophyll concentration (SPAD) and days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded at 90 days. Yield attributes viz., After the completion of the harvest, various observations were recorded, such as the number of panicles/m2, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, the test weight in grams, and the yield. This encompassed grain yield, straw yield, biological yield in quintals per hectare, and harvest index percentage. During the field experiment, both the climate-resilient technology Swarna Sub1 and Sabour Sampans paddy varieties were tested. Swarna Sub1 was found to be significantly superior in terms of plant growth, yield attributes, and yield characteristics. under submergence conditions. The significant maximum grain yield (48 q ha-1), straw yield (84 q ha-1), biological yield (153 q ha-1), and harvest index (45%) were recorded in Swarna Sub-1.
Enhancing Yield and Biological Efficiency of Volvariella volvaceae through Non-Conventional Cultivation Methods
Authors: Gopinath V.  , Elangovan M. , Thakur Nisha , Biswas M. K.
Published: September 2023

A study was conducted to determine the impact of Different Non- Conventional methods of Cultivation on yield and biological efficiency of Volvariella volvaceae. Among the different methods viz., bed method, partial compost method (3 days), partial compost method (6 days), partial compost method (9 days), intact straw + partial compost, Chopped paddy straw in polythene bags, Rolled paddy straw in polythene bag were experimented on yield and biological efficiency. However, the bed method of cultivation proved its well suitability among all the methods tested and gave highest yield and biological efficiency (1920 g and 15.0%) followed by partial compost method (3 days), single layer of straw + partial compost, partial compost (6 days) which exhibited (1025 g and 10.25%), (840 g and 8.40%) and (720 g and 7.20%) respectively.  Maximum average weight of sporophore (24.6 g) was observed from bed method of cultivation which was significantly superior amongst all the methods evaluated followed by partial compost (3 days), single layer of straw + partial compost, partial compost (9 days) at 18.30 g, 16.15g and 15.5 g respectively. Smaller sizes of sporophores were noticed on partial compost (6 days) at average weight of 15 g. Average weight of sporophores noticed in chopped paddy straw and rolled paddy in polythene bag method were 12.2 g and 10 g respectively. Considering the major drawback of Volvariella that it has very low biological efficiency, bag method of cultivation was aimed to increase the biological efficiency of paddy straw mushroom.
Comparative Studies on Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of Three Milky Mushroom Varieties
Authors: Prameela M.  , Kumari A. J.
Published: September 2023

Milky mushroom (Calocybe indica P&C) is a tropical potentially new species gaining popularity and demand by the mushroom growers especially in South India.As biochemical composition of milky mushrooms are influenced by the growing environmental conditions, research pertaining to these aspects is very meagre and also to compare the nutritional and biochemical composition of three milky mushroom species so that the best species can be selected by the growers, hence the present research work has been taken up to estimate the concentration of proteins, carbohydrates and phytochemical compounds like phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in three varieties of milky mushrooms namely Calocybe indica, Calocybe gambosa and APK-2 in Mushroom Cultivation Scheme, Department of Plant Pathology, Hyderabad. The results revealed the presence of highest protein and carbohydrates content in Calocybe indica (15.9g, 2.7g) followed by APK-2 (11.2g and 2.1g) and C. gambosa (10.0g and 1.6g) and highest fats in APK-2 (2.0g), followed by C. gambosa(1.4g) and least in C. indica (1.3g) respectively. The secondary metabolites phytochemicals like phenols and tannins were highest content in C. indica (2.3 gm, 1.9mg) followed by C. gambosa (2.2gm, 1.6 mg) and next followed by APK-2 (2.1 gm, 1.5mg). Highest flavonoid content was recorded in C. indica and APK-2 of 1.5mg and least was recorded in C. gambosa of 1.4mg. Highest content of alkaloid was recorded in C. indica of 1.8mg, followed by APK-2 (1.6mg) and C. gambosa (1.5mg).
Effect of Foliar Feeding of Plant Growth Regulators and Nutrients on Leaf Nutrient Status of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Gwalior-27
Authors: Harsha  , Gupta Prashant K. , Raipuriya Sandeep , Malik Vaqar , Parihar Chitrangda , Sonaniya Pallavi
Published: September 2023

The investigation entitled “Effect of foliar feeding of plant growth regulators and nutrients on leaf nutrient status of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Gwalior-27” was carried out in the Fruit Orchard, Department of Horticulture, R.V.S.K.V.V, CoA, Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh during mrig-bahar of 2021-22. The field experiment was laid under FRBD (Factorial randomized block design) which contain 20 treatments and were replicated thrice. The result indicated that the leaf nitrogen content (%) as well as leaf calcium content (%) was affected significantly. The highest N content (2.74%) and leaf calcium content (0.75%) were found with M3 (Ca(NO3)2 2%). However, the plant growth regulators and nutrient spray individually and their interactions both had non-significant effect on both leaf P as well as K content. Maximum leaf boron content (90.67 ppm) and leaf zinc content (60.58 ppm) was obtained with M1 (Borax 0.4%) and M2 (ZnSO4 0.5%) respectively. Therefore, based on the experimental findings it can be concluded that foliar feeding of PGR’s and nutrients was an effective way for enhancing the leaf nutrient status of guava. The effect of nutrients was found to be effective in maximising the leaf N content, leaf boron content, leaf zinc content and leaf calcium content significantly. Although, foliar feeding of various concentrations of PGR’s and nutrients independently as well as their interaction effect did not impact any change in the leaf P and K content of the leaf.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Yield Contributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Laxmi Thirunahari Goda , Lal Gaibriyal M. , Bara Bineeta Michael
Published: September 2023

At the Field Experimentation Centre of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 20 rice genotypes, including one check variety, were assessed in order to research genetic variability, heritability, genetic progress, correlation, and path coefficient for 13 quantitative features. In Kharif 2022, the experiment was carried out utilising a Randomised Block Design with three replications. Over the NDR 359 (check), BRRI DHAN-75 (26.133) and A.K.DHAN (23.067) demonstrated a greater yield. Number of spikelets per hill, Number of panicles per hill, Biological yield, Number of tillers per hill, Grain yield per hill, Harvest index, Panicle length, Test weight, Days to maturity, and Plant height all had high to moderate estimations of GCV, PCV, and Genetic Advance as Percent Mean. Estimates of heritability ranging from high to moderate, genetic progress for the quantity of spikelets per panicle, biological yield,plant height, and days to 50% blooming. At both the phenotypic and genotypic levels, grain yield showed a strong positive connection with biological yield, the number of spikelets per panicle, and harvest index. Harvest index and biological yield showed both genotypic and phenotypic positive significant direct influences on grain yield per hill. Thus, in the current experimental materials, these qualities are recognised as the effective and prospective for indirect selection for the increase of rice yield.
Characterization of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm for Early Seedling Vigour-related Traits under Direct Seeded Condition
Authors: Basima Suroora K. P.  , Saraswathi R. , Suresh R. , Renganayaki P. R. , Sritharan N.
Published: September 2023

In pursuit of boosting rice production while maintaining economic feasibility within resource constraints, the shift from the traditional puddled-transplanted rice system to direct-seeded rice is gaining significance. Early seedling vigour (ESV) is an important character crucial for direct-seeded rice to outcompete and suppress weed growth. This study evaluated hundred rice germplasm accessions for their early seedling vigour-related traits. Mesocotyl and coleoptile lengths, chlorophyll content, alpha-amylase, speed of emergence, shoot and root characteristics, and vigour indices exhibited notable variability as indicated by their high PCV and GCV. Moreover, they were predominantly under the influence of additive gene effects, as illustrated by their high heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean. This suggests that these traits are heritable and could be effectively exploited through selective breeding efforts. Positive correlations were found between seedling vigour and traits like emergence (%), speed of emergence, chlorophyll content, and alpha-amylase activity. Based on PCA, Vigour index-I, II, total seedling length, and chlorophyll contents were regarded as major discriminators in rice germplasm for direct seeded traits. The superior genotypes for seedling vigour such as Honduras and Gharib, could be used as donors in the rice breeding programs to develop direct seeded rice cultivars.
Survival Strategies in the Economic Recession at Firm Level: The Case of Large Scale Construction Companies in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayalath Chandana
Published: September 2023

As a form of business, construction contracting is heavily sensitive to recessions in the economy. As in many other countries, the Sri Lankan construction industry has also suffered a high proportion of business failures due to the current economic recession. Hence, the aim of this research is to delineate the commercial strategies adopted by construction companies in Sri Lanka to endure short term survival in the recession. A comprehensive literature survey was carried out to reveal these strategies in different contexts. A questionnaire survey was subsequently administered among the large scale contractors to gauge their responses using the Mean Item Score (MIS) and the Relative Importance Index (RII). The study concludes that Cut non-essentials and dispense the indispensable, De-scaling/De-scoping, Minimizing wastage, Getting clear on basic costs and adjust the profit margin with a sense and Slowing down the progress are among the first five strategies found to have been prioritized at contracting firms. Along with 43 strategies, the study recommends that there is a need for firms to network and collaborate to share resources, in order to survive in business during the fierce conditions of the economy.
Advancing Cloud Technology Security: Leveraging High-Level Coding Languages like Python and SQL for Strengthening Security Systems and Automating Top Control Processes
Authors: Olabanji Samuel Oladiipo
Published: September 2023

In today's dynamic business environment, staying ahead of competitors requires the integration of cutting-edge technologies into organizational processes. Cloud Computing, a transformative technological advancement, offers a promising avenue for achieving operational efficiency and innovation. This paper explores the integration of Cloud Computing with two powerful coding languages, Python and SQL, to enhance cloud security and automate control processes. Cloud Computing's adoption has revolutionized resource management through virtualization and diverse computing models. However, it also introduces security challenges like data breaches and unauthorized access. Python and SQL emerge as essential tools for addressing these challenges and automating various control processes. Python's versatility empowers organizations to establish sophisticated security protocols and automate tasks such as intrusion detection, anomaly detection, real-time monitoring, and computer vision. On the other hand, SQL's role involves automating control processes like resource provisioning, scaling, backup, recovery, access control, and database management.

Integrating Python and SQL offers a holistic approach to cloud security enhancement. However, challenges such as skill set requirements, code quality, integration, maintenance, scalability, monitoring, and data privacy must be addressed. Fortunately, solutions like Snowpark, dbt, Hex, and Dataiku provide platforms that unify various programming languages, fostering collaboration and streamlining tasks. This convergence of Cloud Computing with Python and SQL presents numerous benefits. Automation enhances efficiency, reduces human error, and ensures consistent control process execution. This synergy allows organizations to achieve scalability, cost savings, improved security, and comprehensive monitoring and reporting.

As institutions increasingly d on Cloud Computing to drive innovation and competitiveness, the importance of fortifying these systems against evolving threats cannot be overstated. Integrating Python and SQL represents a pivotal juncture in achieving this goal. By harnessing their combined power, organizations can create robust security mechanisms, streamline operations, and promote cross-functional collaboration. As the digital landscape evolves, embracing this approach is crucial for sustaining success in a rapidly changing environment.
Long-term Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Concrete Utilizing Self-Cementing Fly Ash as A Sole Binder Material
Authors: Wattimena Oswyn Karsten , Antoni Antoni , Hardjito Djwantoro
Published: September 2023

Self-cementing fly ash, containing calcium oxide (CaO) of about 20%, has successfully become a sole binder material in concrete through hydration. A very low water-to-fly ash ratio, e.g., below 0.20, is the main key to achieving the high compressive strength of concrete. This study explores the strength evolution, long-term compressive strength, and mechanical properties of concrete that utilize self-cementing fly ash as a sole binder material. Remarkably, the long-term compressive strength continues to develop over a year, reaching nearly 50 MPa at 365 days, a 34% increase from the 28-day strength. While the other mechanical properties are slightly lower than predictions from empirical formulas for Portland cement concrete, promising results are observed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images highlight surface-restricted hydration products in self-cementing fly ash, rather than full dissolution of fly ash particles.
Seismic Responses of Concrete Building Subjected to Out-of-phase Ground Motions
Authors: Karyanto Yohanes , Rosidi Dario , Pudjisuryadi Pamuda
Published: September 2023

Seismic performance of a building is commonly evaluated by applying same design ground motions at each building foundation. However, local soil conditions beneath a building likely vary, and these variations could result in out-of-phased design ground motions at each of the foundation locations. In this study, building’s responses during earthquakes were analyzed and compared using same and out-of-phase ground motions. The building is 10-story, 90m-wide, reinforced concrete structure supported on isolated footings with tie beams. Dynamic time response analyses were performed using five earthquake records which were scaled to a design response spectrum for a location in Surabaya. Seismic modification factor, R, of 8 was used. The results indicate that the use of out-of-phase ground motions does not have significant impacts on building inter-story drifts; it results, however in significantly higher column base shears and tie beam axial forces compared to those calculated using same ground motions.
US Pediatric Primary Care Physician Workforce in Rural Areas, 2010 to 2020
Authors: Ramesh Tarun , Yu Hao
Published: September 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the growth and distribution of the general pediatrician and family medicine physician workforce from 2010 to 2020 across the US and identifies the sociodemographic characteristics of counties lacking this workforce.
Change in Purpose in Life Before and After Onset of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Luchetti Martina , Stephan Yannick , Terracciano Antonio
Published: September 2023

Importance

Purpose in life is a critical aspect of psychological well-being that is associated with better cognitive outcomes across the continuum of dementia. To our knowledge, the natural history of purpose with onset of cognitive impairment has yet to be evaluated.

Objective

To evaluate changes in purpose in life prior to and after onset of cognitive impairment.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used assessments of purpose in life and cognitive status from March 2006 to May 2021 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and from May 2011 to November 2021 in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).

Exposure

Cognitive impairment at each wave based on established thresholds in HRS and NHATS.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was purpose in life, measured with the Ryff Measures of Psychological Well-Being in HRS and a validated item in NHATS.

Results

In HRS, 22 668 participants provided 50 985 assessments of purpose across all waves. In NHATS, 10 786 participants provided 53 880 assessments of purpose across all waves. In HRS, 58.3% of participants were female, with mean (SD) age of 64.76 (10.41) years at baseline; in NHATS, 57.4% were female, with mean (SD) age of 76.82 (7.71) years at baseline. Across waves, 6794 HRS participants (30%) and 4446 NHATS participants (41.2%) were in the cognitive impairment range. Accounting for demographic covariates and normative change in purpose, multilevel modeling indicated that standardized purpose in life declined significantly prior to onset of cognitive impairment (estimate for 10 years) in both HRS (b = −0.12; 95% CI, −0.17 to −0.07; P < .001) and NHATS (b = −0.10; 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.01; P = .03). Purpose declined significantly more rapidly following onset of cognitive impairment, with a standardized decline nearly 3 times larger compared with prior to impairment in HRS (b = −0.35; 95% CI, −0.41 to −0.29; P < .001) and 4 times larger in NHATS (b = −0.44; 95% CI, −0.53 to −0.34; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, purpose in life declined with emergence of cognitive impairment. The decline before onset was too small to be useful to detect impending impairment in clinical settings. The steeper decline following impairment suggests that individuals are aware that their purpose is declining. Purpose may be an intervention target following cognitive impairment to maintain well-being and to reduce or slow emergence of behavioral symptoms associated with low purpose.
Simultaneous vs Staged Cardiac Intervention in High-Acuity Liver Transplant
Authors: Horwitz Julian K. , Noguchi Daisuke , Ebaid Samer , Benharash Peyman , Honda Henry , Farmer Douglas G. , Kaldas Fady M.
Published: September 2023

This cohort study examines mortality, survival, and other outcomes among adults who underwent combined cardiac surgery and liver transplant, coronary revascularization prior to liver transplant, or isolated liver transplant.
Pediatric Cervical Spine Injury Following Blunt Trauma in Children Younger Than 3 Years
Authors: Luckhurst Casey M. , Wiberg Holly M. , Brown Rebeccah L. , Bruch Steven W. , Chandler Nicole M. , Danielson Paul D. , Draus John M. , Fallat Mary E. , Gaines Barbara A. , Haynes Jeffrey H. , Inaba Kenji , Islam Saleem , Kaminski Stephen S. , Kang Hae Sung , Madabhushi Vashisht V. , Murray Jason , Nance Michael L. , Qureshi Faisal G. , Rubsam Jeanne , Stylianos Steven , Bertsimas Dimitris J. , Masiakos Peter T.
Published: September 2023

Importance

There is variability in practice and imaging usage to diagnose cervical spine injury (CSI) following blunt trauma in pediatric patients.

Objective

To develop a prediction model to guide imaging usage and to identify trends in imaging and to evaluate the PEDSPINE model.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included pediatric patients (<3 years years) following blunt trauma between January 2007 and July 2017. Of 22 centers in PEDSPINE, 15 centers, comprising level 1 and 2 stand-alone pediatric hospitals, level 1 and 2 pediatric hospitals within an adult hospital, and level 1 adult hospitals, were included. Patients who died prior to obtaining cervical spine imaging were excluded. Descriptive analysis was performed to describe the population, use of imaging, and injury patterns. PEDSPINE model validation was performed. A new algorithm was derived using clinical criteria and formulation of a multiclass classification problem. Analysis took place from January to October 2022.

Exposure

Blunt trauma.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcome was CSI. The primary and secondary objectives were predetermined.

Results

The current study, PEDSPINE II, included 9389 patients, of which 128 (1.36%) had CSI, twice the rate in PEDSPINE (0.66%). The mean (SD) age was 1.3 (0.9) years; and 70 patients (54.7%) were male. Overall, 7113 children (80%) underwent cervical spine imaging, compared with 7882 (63%) in PEDSPINE. Several candidate models were fitted for the multiclass classification problem. After comparative analysis, the multinomial regression model was chosen with one-vs-rest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.903 (95% CI, 0.836-0.943) and was able to discriminate between bony and ligamentous injury. PEDSPINE and PEDSPINE II models’ ability to identify CSI were compared. In predicting the presence of any injury, PEDSPINE II obtained a one-vs-rest AUC of 0.885 (95% CI, 0.804-0.934), outperforming the PEDSPINE score (AUC, 0.845; 95% CI, 0.769-0.915).

Conclusion and Relevance

This study found wide clinical variability in the evaluation of pediatric trauma patients with increased use of cervical spine imaging. This has implications of increased cost, increased radiation exposure, and a potential for overdiagnosis. This prediction tool could help to decrease the use of imaging, aid in clinical decision-making, and decrease hospital resource use and cost.
Automated evaluation for rapid implementation of knowledge‐based radiotherapy planning models
Authors: Harms Joseph , Pogue Joel A. , Cardenas Carlos E. , Stanley Dennis N. , Cardan Rex , Popple Richard
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Knowledge‐based planning (KBP) offers the ability to predict dose‐volume metrics based on information extracted from previous plans, reducing plan variability and improving plan quality. As clinical integration of KBP is increasing there is a growing need for quantitative evaluation of KBP models. A .NET‐based application, RapidCompare, was created for automated plan creation and analysis of Varian RapidPlan models.

Methods

RapidCompare was designed to read calculation parameters and a list of reference plans. The tool copies the reference plan field geometry and structure set, applies the RapidPlan model, optimizes the KBP plan, and generates data for quantitative evaluation of dose‐volume metrics. A cohort of 85 patients, divided into training (50), testing (10), and validation (25) groups, was used to demonstrate the utility of RapidCompare. After training and tuning, the KBP model was paired with three different optimization templates to compare various planning strategies in the validation cohort. All templates used the same set of constraints for the planning target volume (PTV). For organs‐at‐risk, the optimization template provided constraints using the whole dose‐volume histogram (DVH), fixed‐dose/volume points, or generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD). The resulting plans from each optimization approach were compared using DVH metrics.

Results

RapidCompare allowed for the automated generation of 75 total plans for comparison with limited manual intervention. In comparing optimization techniques, the Dose/Volume and Lines optimization templates generated plans with similar DVH metrics, with a slight preference for the Lines technique with reductions in heart V30Gy and spinal cord max dose. The gEUD model produced high target heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Automated evaluation allowed for the exploration of multiple optimization templates in a larger validation cohort than would have been feasible using a manual approach. A final KBP model using line optimization objectives produced the highest quality plans without human intervention.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Air Pollution Purification and Detection
Authors: Jin Yehao , Liu Huali , Feng Mengchu , Ma Qinglang , Wang Bo
Published: September 2023

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of porous crystalline material, are identified as a promising candidate for tackling the most formidable global challenges due to their unique and intriguing properties including well‐defined porous crystal structure, large specific surface area, and vast tunable chemical and physical property. Air pollution resulting from various toxic gases, volatile organic compounds, and fine particulate matters has posed a big threat to human health and ecological sustainability. In recent years, various MOFs are studied and shown great potential as active materials for air pollution control in both pollutant detection and air quality remediation. In this review, the most recent research progress for MOFs‐based materials for air pollution control is summarized. The discussion is categorized based on the different approaches for air quality control with a focus on the performance correlations to the structure and functionality of MOFs. In addition, the technical merits and downsides of each approach are discussed based on their application scenarios. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research directions in this field are proposed.
Contrasting Miscibility of Ionic Liquid Membranes for Nearly Perfect Proton Selectivity in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Lee Jungho , Kim Seulwoo , Park Kyobin , Koo Hansol , Park Chanui , Park Yuwon , Lee Won Bo , Lee Young Joo , Lee Kyu Tae
Published: September 2023

Ion‐selective membranes are widely used in various energy storage applications. However, conventional polymer‐based ion‐selective membranes, such as Nafion, are not perfectly ion‐selective, leading to a significant permeation of undesirable ionic species. As the imperfect ion‐selectivity of membranes leads to the failure of energy storage devices, much effort is devoted to improving membrane ion‐selectivity. Herein, an immiscible liquid‐state membrane is introduced for aqueous redox flow batteries. As hydrophobic ionic liquids are immiscible with aqueous catholyte and anolyte solutions, they separate the two without crossover. This property renders them suitable for use as a membrane for aqueous redox flow batteries. In addition, ionic liquids with long side alkyl chains, such as 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (HMIM‐TFSI), are miscible with sulfuric acid, whereas transition metal sulfates remain insoluble in HMIM‐TFSI. For this reason, HMIM‐TFSI is selectively permeable to protons and remains impermeable to transition metal cations. As a result, the HMIM‐TFSI membrane is almost perfectly proton‐selective, leading to negligible permeability of unfavorable ionic species, such as transition metal cations. Eventually, the HMIM‐TFSI membrane shows the excellent electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries, such as negligible self‐discharge over 2800 h, high Coulombic efficiency (≈99%), and stable capacity retention over 100 cycles.
Fast and Long‐Lasting Potassium‐Ion Storage Enabled by Rationally Engineering Strain‐Relaxation Bi/Bi2O3 Nanodots Embedded in Carbon Sheets
Authors: Liu Xi , Sun Zhefei , Sun Yingjuan , Lin Haoxiang , Chen Zhisong , Chen Xiaoxuan , Niu Li , Zhang Qiaobao , Li Hongyan
Published: September 2023

Bismuth (Bi)‐based materials merit high theoretical volumetric specific capacity (3800 mAh mL⁻1) but suffer from huge volume variations and sluggish reaction kinetics during cycling. Herein, the optimal framework of Bi/Bi2O3 nanodots enriched in suitable outer amorphous carbon sheets (Bi/Bi2O3 NDs@CSs) is first proposed to alleviate volume variations and accelerate stable charge transport to boost K+ storage performance. The introduction of proper Bi2O3 not only provides an efficient K+ adsorption path, but also effectively buffers volume changes via conversion reaction. Accordingly, the as‐prepared anode exhibits a remarkable rate capability (149.3 mAh g−1 at 60 A g−1, 42% capacity retention with a 120‐fold current‐density increase) and extraordinary durability (1800 cycles at 5.0 A g−1, 95% capacity retention), among the best rate and cycling performance to date in potassium ion batteries (PIBs) anodes. Theoretical calculations reveal the feasible structures of Bi/Bi2O3 NDs@CSs with double protection of carbon sheets and Bi2O3 are conducive to enhance charge transfer and efficiency of electrochemical reaction. Substantial in situ/ex situ characterizations and finite element simulation further unveil high reversibility and robust mechanical behavior of Bi/Bi2O3 NDs@CSs, favorable for the reinforcement of structural stability. This study provides new insights into developing high‐performance and durable Bi‐based anodes for PIBs.
Cell Activities on Viscoelastic Substrates Show an Elastic Energy Threshold and Correlate with the Linear Elastic Energy Loss in the Strain‐Softening Region
Authors: Piazza Francesco , Sacco Pasquale , Marsich Eleonora , Baj Gabriele , Brun Francesco , Asaro Fioretta , Grassi Gabriele , Grassi Mario , Donati Ivan
Published: September 2023

Energy‐sensing in viscoelastic substrates has recently been shown to be an important regulator of cellular activities, modulating mechanical transmission and transduction processes. Here, this study fine‐tunes the elastic energy of viscoelastic hydrogels with different physical and chemical compositions and shows that this has an impact on cell response in 2D cell cultures. This study shows that there is a threshold value for elastic energy (≈0.15 J m−3) above which cell adhesion is impaired. When hydrogels leave the linear stress–strain range, they show softening (plastic) behavior typical of soft tissues. This study identifies a correlation between the theoretical linear elastic energy loss in the strain‐softening region and the number of cells adhering to the substrate. This also has implications for the formation of vinculin‐rich anchorage points and the ability of cells to remodel the substrate through traction forces. Overall, the results reported in this study support that the relationship between cell activities and energy‐sensing in viscoelastic substrates is an important aspect to consider in the development of reliable ex vivo models of human tissues that mimic both normal and pathological conditions.
Intriguing Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Crystalline Porous Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhu Yu‐Qi , Wang Xing‐Huo , Wu Ming‐Xue
Published: September 2023

Organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have become a hot topic in the field of luminescence wherein the crystalline porous organic frameworks (metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs))‐based RTP materials are receiving considerable attention. Beyond all doubt, crystalline porous organic frameworks‐based RTP materials perfectly integrate the advantages of crystalline porous organic frameworks and RTP materials. This review provides a timely and brief outline for the development of crystalline porous organic frameworks RTP materials including the construction strategy of MOFs/HOFs/COFs‐based RTP materials and their RTP performance as well as potential applications. Moreover, the conclusion and outlook are also discussed to present the challenges and prospects for further development of high‐performance MOFs/HOFs/COFs‐based RTP materials.
Synergy of Epitaxial Layer and Bulk Doping Enables Structural Rigidity of Cobalt‐Free Ultrahigh‐Nickel Oxide Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yang‐Yang , Liang Zhiming , Liu Zhi‐Chao , Liu Sheng , Ban Chunmei , Li Guo‐Ran , Gao Xue‐Ping
Published: September 2023

Cobalt‐free ultrahigh‐nickel layered oxide cathodes hold great promise for reducing the cost and enhancing the energy density of Li‐ion batteries. However, the increasing Ni content and the elimination of Co could cause severe interfacial and structural degradation, leading to poor electrochemical performance of ultrahigh‐nickel layered oxide cathodes. Here, a Co‐free oxide, LiNi0.96Al0.03Ca0.01O2 (NAC), where Ca acts as pillar ions at the surface and Al works as an oxygen stabilizer across the bulk, is presented. An epitaxial layer rich in segregated Ca can effectively inhibit adverse surface reconstruction at high states of charge, together with the oxygen stabilization of bulk phase by doping Al, significantly reinforcing the structural rigidity of the layered oxide during cycling. The fabricated NAC cathode material exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance in terms of high cycling stability with 93% capacity retention over 500 cycles and a material‐level energy density of ~800 Wh kg−1. This study provides an efficient and feasible strategy to design and stabilize ultrahigh‐nickel oxides for lithium‐ion batteries.
Highly Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activation on Electron‐Enriched Ruthenium Dual‐Atom Sites Catalysts for Enhanced Water Purification
Authors: Xu Shizhe , Mi Xueyue , Wang Pengfei , Mao Yueshuang , Zhou Qixing , Zhan Sihui
Published: September 2023

By rationally adjusting the coordination environment and constructing the more electron‐enriched active site in single‐atom catalysts, the effect of heterogenous peroxymonosulfate (PMS)‐based Fenton‐like reactions can be effectively improved, yet remains a severe challenge. In this study, the electron‐rich Ru dual‐atom site is successfully immobilized onto N‐doped carbon (Ru2N6‐C) for PMS activation in water purification. The presence of electron‐rich Ru dual‐atom sites not only provides more electrons for PMS but also facilitates the formation of a Yeager adsorption configuration on the catalyst surface, which enhances O─O bond cleavage and leads to an increase in •SO4− and •OH generation. Moreover, the Ru2N6‐C catalyst exhibits exceptional durability and reliability, achieving an ultra‐high efficiency with a turnover frequency of 153.95 min−1 M−1 for the naproxen degradation. A membrane reactor is further developed for the purification of wastewater, which is expected to provide a viable approach to controlling water pollution through the design of metal dual‐atom sites carbon‐based catalysts.
Highly Coherent Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers in Diamond via Rational High‐Pressure and High‐Temperature Synthesis and Treatment
Authors: Zhang Xiaoran , Liu Kang‐Yuan , Li Fengjiao , Liu Xiaobing , Duan Shuai , Wang Jia‐Ning , Liu Gang‐Qin , Pan Xin‐Yu , Chen Xin , Zhang Ping , Ma Yanming , Chen Changfeng
Published: September 2023

The high‐pressure and high‐temperature (HPHT) diamonds with well‐controlled defects and low stress offer an ideal host substrate for the fields of quantum information science; however, fabrication of quantum‐grade HPHT diamonds remains a pressing challenge. Here, a major advance in generating highly coherent nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, a promising spin defect in diamonds, via tailored HPHT synthesis and postgrown annealing treatment is reported. The resulting well‐dispersed single NV− centers in type‐IIa diamonds exhibit long spin coherence times comparable to that of the reported chemical vapor deposition diamonds. Moreover, high‐density NV− ensembles in 〈100〉‐grown type‐Ib diamonds with superb zero‐phonon lines considerably sharper than those of native NV− centers in as‐grown diamonds, together with low splitting of resonances are produced. These findings demonstrate a superior synthesis and optimization protocol for creating high‐quality NV− centers avoiding lattice damage in diamond to meet the stringent requirements for a wide range of emerging quantum technologies.