bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urdimbres, redes y tejidos. Espacio territorial de capacitación y reincorporación (ETCR) de Icononzo, Tolima (Colombia)
Authors:   Universidad Central, Colombia, Jaramillo Hincapié Jorge
Published: October 2020

El artículo propone discutir las prácticas sociales, económicas, comunicativas y políticas de los Espacios de Capacitación y Reincorporación como producto del Acuerdo de Paz en Colombia y dentro de los mismos, comprender de manera participativa los discursos y las prácticas que configuran las subjetividades de los excombatientes, todo ello producto de la investigación “Subjetividades y economías comunitarias, un diálogo de experiencias en el Espacio Territorial de Capacitación y Reincorporación de Icononzo, Tolima”. A lo largo del país, estos espacios se han constituido en usinas de producción, laboratorios experimentales de nuevas formas de estar y habitar el mundo, todo un entramado que permite reconocer el proceso de reinserción de cientos de hombres y mujeres que revierten su propia historia.
La verdad en el exilio. Situación de las víctimas del conflicto colombiano en España
Authors:   Comisión de la Verdad de Colombia, Sepúlveda-Giraldo Claudia , Zambrano-Quintero Liliana ,   PNUD Colombia
Published: October 2020

Una de las tareas que enmarcan el tránsito de la guerra a la paz es poner en marcha los mecanismos para garantizar la verdad, justicia, reparación y no-repetición de los hechos de violencia. En Colombia, como resultado de los Acuerdos de Paz con las FARC-EP, se instaló la Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad cuya finalidad es construir un relato holístico del conflicto armado. Uno de los elementos novedosos de esta Comisión es que recoge las historias de las victimas en el exterior. Este artículo, llama la atención sobre esta cuestión desarrollando la idea de que las personas que se ven forzadas a salir del país por razones del conflicto armado se enfrentan en el exilio a otro tipo de vulneraciones que se suman al acumulado de violaciones de derechos humanos. Para ello, se vale del caso de las personas que llegan a España para salvaguardar sus vidas y a partir de un retrato de su situación se señalan varias de las tensiones a las que se ven abocadas. Hacer explícitas estas vulneraciones contribuye a construir una verdad del exilio que ha sido poco explorada en este tipo de procesos
Por el Magdalena medio. Radios comunitarias para la paz, víctimas y la reconciliación
Authors:   Universidad del Norte Colombia, Tapias Hernández César
Published: October 2020

En este ensayo intentando resolver las siguientes cuestiones ¿Cómo ha sido el desempeño de estas radios bajo el conflicto armado? ¿Qué experiencias tienen en torno a construcción de paz y convivencia? ¿Qué redes han tejido con la comunidad y las organizaciones sociales? ¿Qué enseñanzas hay para el sector de la radio comunitaria, la reconciliación y la curación posteriores al conflicto? Como estrategia metodológica, viajo por trochas y ríos buscando procesos comunicativos y apuestas de paz. Encontré que los procesos comunicativos para la transformación social siguen siendo la base de la comunicación popular comunitaria. Se concluye que el trabajo de estas radios en medio de la guerra ha dinamizado los imaginarios de una paz hecha desde las comunidades y sus organizaciones.
Memoria, verdad y justicia en el territorio 11. Desafíos en la politización del exilio colombiano
Authors:   Diana ORTIZ MECoPa, doctoranda IDES/UNGS, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Ortiz Diana , Salamanca Carlos ,   CONICET, Instituto de Geografía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Torras Verónica ,   Directora Asociación Civil Memoria Abierta, alianza de organismos de derechos humanos de Argentina
Published: October 2020

La Comisión de la Verdad abrió la puerta al reconocimiento de miles de víctimas del exilio en el contexto del conflicto armado colombiano. La incorporación del exilio como hecho victimizante reconoce no sólo su dimensión, profundidad y alcance sino también las trayectorias organizativas y la agencia política de quienes se vieron forzados a salir del país. Describimos aquí algunas experiencias latinoamericanas previas extra-territoriales de lucha por memoria, verdad y justicia oficiales y no-oficiales. Analizamos luego la trayectoria del colectivo de exiliados/as MECoPa, y sus desafíos. Concluimos analizando ese campo que si bien no se limita al aparato de la justicia transicional colombiana, encuentra allí una oportunidad única de politización de la experiencia del exilio.
Poéticas del fin. Una escatología atómica en Nikolaus Geyrhalter y Thomas Merton. Filme-ensayo y ensayo literario
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina, Ramos Hendez Juan
Published: October 2020

A partir de materiales artísticos que denominamos poéticas del fin, se pensarán, mediadas por la mirada, problemáticas aún latentes en la subjetividad con relación a un inminente desastre nuclear (con efectos como el cambio climático, la expulsión de material radioactivo en las plantas nucleares, y la tensión beligerante desde los inicios de la Guerra fría hasta la incursión de nuevos países en el catálogo de potencias nucleares), que se relacionan con lo que llamaremos escatología atómica, en referencia al oxímoron de un principio y final del universo profundamente entrelazados. Son precisamente este tipo de representaciones las que nos permiten indagar en este artículo sobre cuestiones inter-artísticas: la representación del paisaje en la inminente posthumanidad en el cine y la literatura y sus procedimientos (filme-ensayo y poética literaria) y la perspectiva histórica de los tiempos últimos (apocalipsis y escatología) en relación con la catástrofe. Además de la cuestión del montaje —fundamento de la teoría de un cine conceptual— y la “mirada contemplativa”, desde donde se opera el corpus conformado por el filme-ensayo Homo Sapiens (2016), de Nikolaus Geyrhalter, y las poesías y ensayos de Thomas Merton, en Incursiones en lo Indecible (1967). Palabras e imágenes que posibilitan un instante de diálogo reflexivo con el espectador, y atraviesan otros diversos materiales (Schiller, Dostoievski, Simmel, Woolf, Bresson, Tarkovski), que, como serie, se pondrán en perspectiva desde el vínculo de las artes visuales y la representación literaria.
Horizontes de esperanza en clave de africanía: concibiendo la construcción de escenarios de justicia y paz en Colombia
Authors:   Universidad de Massachusetts, Lao Montes Agustín
Published: October 2020

Escribo esta monografía en agosto del 2020, a cuatro años de los acuerdos de paz, cuando es evidente para la mayoría del país y del mundo, que no se han logrado condiciones mínimas para construir de manera sustantiva un camino hacia la paz en Colombia. El ascenso al poder ejecutivo de Ivan Duque el 7 de agosto del 2018 marcó una derrota al proceso de paz, en la medida que el nuevo presidente asumió el cargo como representante del partido político dirigido por Alvaro Uribe que explícitamente se opone a las iniciativas de paz que se efectuaron durante la presidencia de Juan Manuel Santos. En el momento que escribimos se ha agravado la violencia en territorios campesinos, Afrodescendientes, e Indigenas, se han reactivado militarmente disidencias de la FARC después de haber denunciado el proceso de paz como un fiasco, el actual gobierno se opome a entrar en diálogos con el ELN, y continúan cotidianamente los asesinatos de lideres sociales y activistas comunitarios. En fin, la ubicuidad de la violencia en Colombia es un hecho contundente y constante en la vida del país.
Presentación
Authors:   Comisión de la Verdad Colombia, Beristain Carlos , Chinas Carmen ,   Universidad de Guajalajara
Published: October 2020

Darío Fo, el gran bufón premio Nóbel de literatura, decía que la mayor conquista del poder ha sido convertir la historia en un armario viejo lleno de polvo por el que nadie se interesa. Esa desposesión de la propia vida convierte el presente en una experiencia de la que no se aprende y un horizonte que no encuentra sus caminos. Vivimos tiempos en que la verdad ha sido convertida en una versión más de la historia, una opinión, un espejo de destellos en el que no puedes mirarte. Esta revista nació con la propuesta del Centro Internacional de Estudios Superiores de Comunicación para América Latina-CIESPAL de abrir un espacio para los diálogos entre experiencias y países, alrededor del tiempo de la Comisión de la Verdad de Colombia, el proceso de paz con las ex-FARC, y la perspectiva de que la promesa para las nuevas generaciones no sea la de más guerra y más pobreza.
Narrativas desde el exilio: de los olvidos a los testimonios para una paz duradera
Authors:   Ciespal, Molina Camilo
Published: October 2020

La edición 143 de Chasqui es un aporte para la construcción de alternativas y propuestas de paz y memoria desde una reflexión regional que ratifica el compromiso del Centro Internacional de Estudios Superiores en Comunicación para América Latina-CIESPAL en el acompañamiento a la construcción de una comunicación para la paz. Concreta también el trabajo fructífero con sus coordinadores, el Dr. Carlos Beristain, Comisionado de la Verdad de Colombia y experto en procesos de reparación y posconflicto, y la Dra. Carmen Chinas, Profesora de la Universidad de Guadalajara e impulsora del Laboratorio de Paz para la búsqueda de las transiciones entre violencia y paz en América Latina.
T﻿he Commons: Economic Alternatives in the Digital Age
Authors: Papadimitropoulos Vangelis
Published: October 2020

This book explores the potential creation of a broader collaborative economy through commons-based peer production (P2P) and the emergent role of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The book seeks to critically engage in the political discussion of commons-based peer production, which can be classified into three basic arguments: the liberal, the reformist and the anti-capitalist. This book categorises the liberal argument as being in favour of the coexistence of the commons with the market and the state. Reformists, on the other hand, advocate for the gradual adjustment of the state and of capitalism to the commons, while anti-capitalists situate the commons against capitalism and the state. By discussing these three viewpoints, the book contributes to contemporary debates concerning the future of commons-based peer production. Further, the author argues that for the commons to become a fully operational mode of peer production, it needs to reach critical mass arguing that the liberal argument underestimates the reformist insight that technology has the potential to decentralise production, thereby forcing capitalism to transition to post-capitalism. Surveying the three main strands of commons-based peer production, this book makes the case for a post-capitalist commons-orientated transition that moves beyond neoliberalism.
Introducing the Commons
Authors: Papadimitropoulos Vangelis
Published: October 2020

This introduction outlines peer production (P2P) as a type of social relations, a technological infrastructure and a new mode of production and property, whereby participants have maximum freedom to co-operate and connect. In the last decades, the author notes that the rise of peer production has been driven by three main factors: the sustainability crisis, neoliberalism and low cost information and communication technologies (ICTs). These factors have led to three main streams of peer production: firm-hosted peer production or platform capitalism (user-centric open innovation business models; the so-called sharing and gig economy); the commons (local and digital commons, the solidarity economy); and a hybrid commons-based peer production operating on the models of platform and open cooperativism. In turn, the author establishes his post-hegemonic perspective, focusing on commons-based P2P which is facilitated today by the architectural design of the Internet. To conclude, Vangelis proposes the book’s intention as to produce a critical dialogue between the different approaches to the commons, putting forth a postcapitalist commons-orientated transition beyond neoliberalism. freedom to co-operate and connect. In the last decades, the author notes that the rise of peer production has been driven by three main factors: the sustainability crisis, neoliberalism and low cost information and communication technologies (ICTs). These factors have led to three main streams of peer production: firm-hosted peer production or platform capitalism (user-centric open innovation business models; the so-called sharing and gig economy); the commons (local and digital commons, the solidarity economy); and a hybrid commons-based peer production operating on the models of platform and open cooperativism. In turn, the author establishes his post-hegemonic perspective, focusing on commons-based P2P which is facilitated today by the architectural design of the Internet. To conclude, Vangelis proposes the book’s intention as to produce a critical dialogue between the different approaches to the commons, putting forth a postcapitalist commons-orientated transition beyond neoliberalism.
Conclusion: Reformatting the Commons
Authors: Papadimitropoulos Vangelis
Published: October 2020

In the context of autonomous and classical Marxist views.
Increasing Efficiency of Copper-Molybdenum Ore Flotation using Measurement of Pulp Absorption Capacity
Authors: Morozov V. V. , Jargalsaikhan Erdenezul , Pesriak I. V.
Published: October 2020

A promising line in development of reagent consumption automatic control systems is applying data on measuring collector concentration in the pulp aqueous phase. For effective using data on the concentration of the nonionic collector – allyl ester of amylxanthogenic acid – in the process of flotation, the studies were carried out and the method for analyzing its residual concentration in the flotation pulp liquid phase was developed. The developed spectral technique for measuring the concentration of amylxanthogenic acid allyl ester in the pulp aqueous phase showed stable results in the temperature range of 10 to 25 °С, pH range of 8.5 to 11.0. This allowed applying the technique to measuring residual concentration of AeroMX- 5140 collector in the operation of bulk sulphide flotation in copper-molybdenum ore beneficiation. The laboratory tests allowed determining connection between the indicators of residual concentration with the main indicators of copper-molybdenum flotation. The studies showed that increasing the residual concentration of the non-ionic collector occurs with increasing its consumption and pH of the pulp aqueous phase. It is shown that significant increase in metal recoveries is observed at similar residual collector concentrations: for copper, in the range of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/l, and for molybdenum and pyrite iron, at the concentrations from 0.25 to 1 mg/l. The possibility of using the nonionic collector residual concentration as the informational indicator of the flotation process has been substantiated. It is proposed to use the ore absorption capacity in relation to the collector applied as an indicator of the ore grade. It is shown that using this indicator reduces relative variance for the dependences of the yields of individual ore types and increases the accuracy of determining the composition of the processed ore as a mixture of typical ore grades. An algorithm for automated control of the consumption of flotation reagents based on the advanced control of the processed ore elemental and mineral composition was developed and tested at Erdenet GOK processing plant, with the calculation of the pulp absorption capacity in relation to the nonionic collector, including the beneficiation process indicators determination using an economically-oriented optimization criterion. The expected economic effect from the reduction of metal losses amounted to USD 145 thous.
Effect of Uncertainty in Basing Hydraulic Prop Rod on Dimensional Wear of its Basic Surfaces
Authors: Ngo Van Tuan
Published: October 2020

Hydraulic power cylinders are the main bearing elements of powered supports at mining enterprises, ensuring reliable fixation of the roof in the required working position, as well as providing advancement of the support in the face. Thus, hydraulic power cylinders ensure stoping safety, so strict requirements are im-posed on them both in terms of workmanship and operational reliability. To ensure reliability and efficiency of powered support operation in faces, it is necessary to ensure stable service life of their hydraulic props, which mainly depends on the quality of manufacturing of mating surfaces and the accuracy of assembling functional joints. The required accuracy of hydraulic prop joints is achieved by selective assembly, which allows ensuring the specified technical requirements and service life of the joints. At the same time, along with the issues of ensuring the accuracy of assembling the props to provide proper safety of the face operation, it is extremely important to identify and analyze the causes of dimensional wear of critical parts of the joints, leading to decreasing service life of the hydraulic props in the course of exploitation. In the paper, using the methods of the analytical theory of bases, the reasons for formation of positional variations of the parts of the powered support hydraulic prop joints in the course of assembling and operation of the unit are identified and described. It was found that arising mismatches and formation of local stress zones on the cylinders, pistons and rods, characterized by intense wear, occurs due to the uncertainty of basing (positioning) of rod and piston in hydraulic cylinder. The dependencies allowing calculating deviation of the rod axis from the required position, taking into account the initial clearance gap in the joints and the adopted design parameters of the hydraulic cylinder, have been obtained.
Assessment of environmental hazard of accumulated mineral processing waste of closed mining enterprises in the Amur river region and Primorye
Authors: Krupskaya L. T. , Orlov A. M. , Golubev D. A. , Kolobanov K. A. , Filatova M. A.
Published: October 2020

The subject of research was technogenic waste systems formed in the last century due to the activities of presently closed mining enterprises in the Amur River Region and Primorye of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Experimental studies allowed to establish that toxic sulphidized mineral processing waste accumulated for the 20th century in tailings storage facilities (TSF) in large quantities produce negative impact on the environment. It was revealed that their conservation and reclamation were not carried out. However, they pose huge threat not only to the environment, but also to public health. In this regard, the research goal was to assess environmental hazard of the accumulated toxic waste and substantiate the possibility of mitigating their negative impact on biosphere components and human health. Based on the research goal, the following tasks were set: 1) analysis and generalization of the existing experience of studying the problem in Russia and abroad; 2) identification of the main sources of crisis situations at closed mining enterprises, indicators and criteria for as sessing the environmental hazard of the accumulated mineral processing waste; 3) assessment of the environmental hazard of the accumulated mineral processing waste; 4) development of principles and measures aimed at ensuring environmental safety of TSF comprising toxic waste. The following methods were used: physical-chemical, bio logical, as well as mathematical modeling, GIS technologies, etc.Based on the study of the TSF current state, assessment of the level of technogenic environment pollution, and patent search, the authors substantiate the need for effective solution to this problem. It was found that the waste belongs to the second hazard class (highly hazardous). The excess of 4 to 46 times above the regional background indicators (metal concentrations), and more than 200 times above MPC was revealed. It has been proven that the TSF surface does not naturally run wild for 30 years. Patent search and our own experimental research allowed developing measures to ensure environmental safety of sulfidized tin ore processing waste, novelty of which was confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation.
Ensuring Wall Stability in the Course of Blasting at Open Pits of Kyzyl Kum Region
Authors: Zairov Sh. Sh. , Urinov Sh. R. , Nomdorov R. U.
Published: October 2020

Involvement of deep deposits in mining predetermined the trend of development of open pit mining towards increasing the depth of open pits. The main limitation imposed on drilling and blasting in the near-contour zone of an open pit is the need to protect the pit walls and engineering structures on the walls from seismic effects of huge blasts. As practice shows, the most effective and proven method of protecting pit walls is the use of blasting by presplitting method, creation of a shielding gap and a shielding layer of blasted rock mass, i.e. pre-splitting of the pit walls, preceding the huge blast. Therefore, the study of stress-strain state of the near-contour rock mass, determination of the parameters of blastholes for edge pre-splitting (preliminary shielding gap formation) in open pits is an urgent task. The analysis of the pit wall design and stress-strain state of rock mass at Kokpatas deposit exploited by Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine allowed to determine the model, as well as the method for calculating stress-strain state of the rock mass. When assessing stability of the pit walls, an approach known as the displacement method was used. Applying the boundary integral equations method allowed to develop an algorithm for calculating stresses in the rock mass for the conditions of Kokpatas deposit. A technique has been developed for experimental studies of blasting contour blasthole charges (blasting by pre-splitting method) using models, allowing to study fracturing on volumetric models and wave interaction by the method of high-speed video recording of the blasting process in transparent models, as well as to determine the parameters of stress waves during blasting in samples of real rocks. A method for formation of stable pit wall slopes, an excavator method for bench pre-splitting on ultimate envelope (contour) of a pit, and a method for initiating blasthole charges in the near contour zone of a pit have been developed and implemented in the industry.
Issues of Multi-Motor Electric Drive Dynamics through the Example of Converter Tilting Mechanism
Authors: Borisenko V. F. , Sidorov V. A. , Zemlyansky A. I.
Published: October 2020

Many heavy machines and mechanisms of mining and metallurgical industry, for example, basic-oxygen converters (BOCs), are equipped with multi-motor electric drive. Reducing the influence of the disadvantages characteristic of a branched multi-connected system is possible by creating control systems based on mathematical models of the considered electromechanical systems (EMS). The full mathematical model takes into account the number of EMS motors, gear backlashes, elasticity of shafting, the effect of dissipative forces, etc. Disadvantage of this approach is complexity of such models, which leads to high computational costs and time expenditure for their implementation. To analyze dynamic processes arising under acceleration and deceleration conditions of the electromechanical system of the converter tilting mechanism, it is proposed to use a simplified equivalent simulation model, which would take into account changing the EMS natural oscillation frequency for any operation conditions based on process and design features. Based on the simulation model analysis, it was concluded that it is necessary to assess mechanical loads in the system by comparing their current and basis values, as well as taking into account the damping properties of the electric drive. To reduce dynamic loads, it is proposed to form a law of changing the control voltage using an intensity generator, which reduces the risks of occurrence of elastic moments, significantly exceeding those permissible for this class of mechanisms. The results of thermal and vibration diagnostics for assessing malfunctions of key units of the converter tilting mechanism, as well as assessing the system behavior based on the Matlab Simulink model with varying shafting elasticity and normalized gear backlashes, showed significant effect of the latters on the dynamic loads.
Philosophical and Biomedical Foundations of Personalized Medicine
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Khmelevskaya Svetlana , Ocheredko Elena ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The subject of the research is the philosophical (ontological, epistemological, philosophical-anthropological and social-philosophical) foundations of personalized medicine, the biomedical foundations of which are methods of therapy and prevention of diseases based on the individual characteristics of the patient. The authors highlight the preventive nature of personalized medicine - to prevent the patient's diseases based on certain diagnostic methods and using a system of preventive measures, as well as its focus on improving the effectiveness of treatment for a specific patient. The value of personalized medicine is that it allows to determine precisely the causes of a particular disease or to assess a person's predisposition to certain diseases, to apply preventive measures to minimize the risks of diseases; to use personalized methods of treatment and correction of the conditions of a particular patient, as well as biomarkers for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. The philosophical foundations of personalized medicine, on the one hand, contain certain philosophical attitudes related to medicine in general, and on the other hand, reflect specific features determined by new technologies that modern medicine possesses. In particular, the article points to a change in the concept of personalization in connection with the disclosure of its content at the genomic level. The authors emphasize that personalized medicine raises a number of new problems of a philosophical nature: the approach to a person as a set of data about his or her body, the possible increase in social inequality due to the lack of general availability of the results of personalized medicine, and so on. The article substantiates the idea that improving and reducing the cost of sequencing technologies will help make new methods of treating diseases more accessible to the general population. Further personification of medicine will occur due to obtaining more and more objective information about patients, increasing the number of subgroups in the typology of patients, offering them variable methods of treatment, as well as due to the increasing involvement of a patient in the treatment processes, based on a better understanding of his/her “existential presence analytics”.
Realities and Prospects of Knowledge Humanization in the Context of Biotechnological Development
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Ilyushenko Nadezhda
Published: October 2020

In the article the author describes the transformations provoked by the transition from politics and economics to biopolitics and bioeconomics. The author notes the impact of these changes on the development of modern scientific knowledge (commercialization of science, commodification of the results of scientific research, dehumanization of knowledge in general). One of the article points concerns the ambivalence of the consequences caused by modern trends in the production and use of scientific knowledge. The key contradictions are: the contradiction between the price and value of the human body and life of the individual as such; the contradictions related to the attitude to human and non-human entities. The possibilities of a positive response to new challenges in the development of science and the application of its results are in the field of humanization of scientific knowledge, which is interpreted as strengthening the axiological and ethical components of modern science, overcoming the technocratic and highly professional style of thinking of scientists and specialists. The article gives the assessment of difficulties in solving the problem of humanization of scientific knowledge from the standpoint of classical humanism. The author provides the overview of concepts that are based on criticism of traditional humanism and that let develop ethical answers to modern challenges in the field of humanization of knowledge and practice of its use in conditions of biocapitalism and growing progress in the field of biotechnological development. In particular, the principles of approaches methodologically proceeding from the following orientations, are analyzed: first, based on the denial or preservation of the key pathos of humanism and its principles; second, bringing out the “new” humanism from theistic or secular foundations. Theistic and non-theistic versions of “renewed” humanism, posthumanism and transhumanism are analyzed. The author describes essential difference between posthumanistic and transhumanistic orientation. The author draws a conclusion about the prospects of using these approaches to solve the problem of humanization of scientific knowledge.
Development of Patients’ Subject-Oriented Approach Through Practices of Their Participation in Ethical Expertise of Medical Cases
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Sinyukova Natalia
Published: October 2020

The development of new biomedical technologies has contributed to changing, blurring the boundaries between the norm and pathology of a human being. It is about a gap in the notions of norm and pathology, illness and treatment that are accepted in scientific communities. As a framework of the emerging humanistic scientific paradigm the principles of a subject-oriented approach to the patient are being developed, aimed at maintaining the patient's control over the recovery process, at developing his/her subject position, which implies his/her active and responsible participation in the treatment process and in medical decision-making. Formation of the considered approach in medical institutions is connected with the development of new institutions and practices. The author shows that the procedural model of the institute of medical cases ethical expertise is aimed at developing a subject-oriented approach in clinical practice. At the same time, the patient, as a participant of ethical expertise, acquires the experience of reflexive reasoning and, thus, enabling the possibility and capability for a patient to be involved in the process of treatment management on a new basis. The article presents some results of the author's study of the procedural model of ethical expertise in German medical settings in the context of describing the main gaps and problems associated with the implementation of the subject-oriented approach. The research was conducted using the methods of semi- formalized interview, substantial analysis of research and methodological literature. As the study has shown, the main problems of the subject-oriented approach implementation in the practice of ethical expertise are related to the trends of bureaucratization and commercialization of this practice in the hospital environment. It seems that the issue of developing an appropriate language ensuring equal participation of the subjects of the expertise is important. Prospects for humanization of this practice are seen to be connected with the inclusion of representatives of patient communities and self-help groups of patients in this practice.
Is There Any Chance for European Nation in Modern Europe?
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Management – the branch of RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Yudina Tatyana
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this article is to consider the possibility of emergence of a European nation in modern Europe, the formation of European identity. The EU consists of the EU member states, where national identity is an entrenched concept. The article considers the correlation of national identity and European identity, as well as the possibility of transformation, addition or replacement of one by another. The EU is a new form of political entity, which has supranational, transnational and interstate characteristics, which can contribute to the development of various forms of identities and belonging. The purpose of this article is to consider the politics of recognition as a starting point for research on European national identity. The politics of identity pursued in Europe does not necessarily lead to the victory of national identity over European one. The citizens of these countries have a set of different identities, and the process of European integration facilitates the process of coexistence of different types of identities, and there may even be a competition between these two identities: national and European. The author analyzes the changes taking place in modern European society and the reasons that influence the development of events. These questions relate to the deep feelings and beliefs of the population of these countries, therefore, consideration of these issues must be given close attention. The author suggests analyzing this issue from within, using the research of the Europeans themselves. For analysis, the material of the ARENA Center for European Studies and the works of its leader John Eric Fossum, a professor at the University of Oslo and other researchers on this issue are used. The author explores the scope of the concept of national identity at the present stage, its characteristics and its change. A comparative analysis helps to determine the characteristics of the European identity and prospects for its formation. The article discusses four scenarios, each of which contains a certain structure of institutions and a method of recognizing identity; all this helps to understand the ongoing processes and prospects for the development of identity policy in the EU. All these scenarios to a certain extent characterize the state of affairs in modern Europe.
Carnival Time: Russian Higher Education and Science in the Postmodern Era
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Orekhovsky Petr , Razumov Vladimir ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

Since the end of the twentieth Century to the present, society has been undergoing deep systemic changes, which are accompanied by crisis phenomena. But the crisis affects society as a whole and science and education, as its components, in different ways. What hopes of the society should be associated with science and education? Communities of intellectuals (universities) go through the following stages in their formation: classical, modern, postmodern. Postmodernism brings polycentrism, fragmentation, deconstruction, stylization, collage, modeling and simulacra, and serialization to universities and research organizations. If classical and modernist views on intellectuals and Universities assumed that their activities were aimed at producing new knowledge and a new person, the postmodern transformation significantly changed academic communities and their environment. In order to better understand the essence of what happened, the authors refer to the phenomenon of carnival in the interpretation of M. M. Bakhtin. The most important sign of carnival is that everything is not what it seems. According to the sophists of antiquity, intellectual activity becomes a paid service. Is it appropriate to say that in a modern University teaching becomes a form of spiritual prostitution? Yes, it is appropriate, provided that the carnival of what is happening in the Russian University of the XXI century is determined by the change of roles and priorities of teachers, students, and support staff. The intensity and specificity of the carnival in a particular University depends on the specifics of the decision about the purpose of the University: issuance (sale) of a state-issued diploma, production of knowledge and/or training of qualified specialists. A serious external factor that reduces the authority of teachers and scientists is strengthening of trends towards relatively autonomous development of technologies and technics, which is clearly expressed in the phenomenon of the “revolution of interfaces”. Society is also changing, becoming the “society of the spectacle”, where the development of science, theater and professional sports has more and more similar characteristics. The crisis in science and education has always been a feature of postmodernism, an existential problem of intellectuals, which leads many of them to leave the walls of universities and scientific institutions.
Motor Skills in the Structure of Physical Fitness of 7-Year-Old Boys
Authors: Ivashchenko Olha , Berezhna Hanna , Cieślicka Mirosława
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the weight of motor skills in the structure of motor fitness of 7-year-old boys.  Materials and methods. The study participants were 38 7-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The research methods used in the study include analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics.  Results. The level of fitness of the 7-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility” and “movement coordination”, inhomogeneous – by the development of arm strength and vestibular stability. The 7-year-old boys’ motor fitness is determined by their physical development, the level of general physical fitness and the level of motor skills development. A graphic representation of a two-factor model of testing results shows that analysis identifies two sets of data with high correlation coefficients. The first set includes tests No. 2, 1, 4, and 5, which characterize physical development, agility and endurance; the second – the level of proficiency in exercises No. 14, 13, 12, and the result of test No. 7 “Mixed hang rope pull-ups”. Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, the study found that the level of proficiency in exercises determines the variation of testing results by 28.437%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The development of “agility” and “movement coordination” ensures the formation of motor skills, and the development of arm strength and vestibular stability is the reserve in training boys aged 7 which will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the educational process.
Comparative Analysis of Motor and Functional Fitness of 6th Grade Boys of an Underfilled School Under Quarantine Conditions
Authors: Hladka Viktoriia
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine the dynamics of motor and functional fitness of 6th grade boys of an underfilled school during the school year under quarantine conditions. Materials and methods. The study involved 6th grade boys (n = 6), who were 11 years old at the beginning of the experiment. The study used methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results, analysis of scientific and methodological literature, testing to assess schoolchildren’s motor and functional fitness. Study results. The indices of the 6th grade students’ motor fitness deteriorated significantly after quarantine. A comparative analysis of the arithmetic mean of the indices showed that in shuttle run 4x9 m (agility) the results deteriorated by 3%, push-ups (strength) by 24.1%, pull-ups (strength) by 41.6%, bent arm hang (strength) by 18.8%, standing long jump (speed and strength qualities) by 1.29%, trunk bend in lying support (flexibility) by 41.5%.  As of September 2020, the indices of functional fitness of the 6th grade students also decreased. A comparative analysis of the arithmetic mean of the indices showed that in Shtange test the results deteriorated by 12.6%, and in Genchi test by 14.3%. The introduced quarantine measures and distance learning have negatively affected the schoolchildren’s motor and functional fitness. Conclusions. During the school year, the boys show a positive dynamics of results, and after quarantine measures there is negative dynamics, due to the lack of physical education classes. The testing results indicate the possibility of improving physical education classes, increasing motor activity, enhancing the level of motor fitness, based on the sensitive period of children’s development and individual approach to each school student.
Optimization of Teaching Boys Aged 10 Mae-Geri (Front Kick) Technique in Kyokushin Karate
Authors: Marchenko Svitlana , Kovalenko Kateryna
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study was to substantiate the influence of selected factors on the effectiveness of teaching a series of tasks aimed at motor skills development in boys aged 10. Materials and methods. The study involved 32 boys aged 10. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. To achieve the objective set, the following research methods were used: study and analysis of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical observation, timing of learning tasks; pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics, methods of mathematical experiment planning. During training, a method of algorithmic instructions was used. Results. Regression dependence is observed throughout the entire period of performing the series of learning tasks. The constructed mathematical models adequately describe the obtained data. The calculated regression coefficients are statistically significant (Fр < Fkр). Throughout the experiment, the factor X1 “number of sets” had a constant positive effect on the target feature (Y). The percentage contribution in the first series of learning tasks was 87.8%, in the second – 32.3%, in the third – 55.1%, in the fourth – 77.2%, in the fifth – 68.9%, in the sixth – 54.03%. The factor X2 “rest interval” had a negative effect starting from the second series – 67.3%, the third – 40.4%, the fourth – 19.3%, the fifth – 30.6%, the sixth – 45.05%. The effect of first-order interaction (X1X2) was not observed during all the series of learning tasks. Conclusions. The optimal modes of performing the series of tasks for teaching boys aged 10 the Mae-geri (front kick) in Kyokushin karate are the following: series 1 – 3 sets, rest interval 60-120 s; series 2 – 1-3 sets, rest interval 60 s; series 3 – 3 sets, rest interval 60 s; series 4 – 3 sets, rest interval 60–120 s; series 5 – 3 sets, rest interval 60 s; series 6 – 3 sets, rest interval 60 s.
Didactics: Methodological Approaches to Determining the Content of Physical Education Teacher Training
Authors: Ivashchenko Olha , Muszkieta Radosław , Potop Vladimir
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study was to develop methodological approaches to determining the content of physical education teacher training.  Materials and methods. The study involved 62 students of the School of Physical Education, who studied according to the 2001-2005 curriculum. To solve the tasks set, the study used both philosophical and general scientific research methods, including: dialectical method (principle of historicism, principle of systematicity, principle of dialectical contradiction, principle of unity of quality and quantity, principle of dialectical negation, principle of development, principle of causality); systems approach; factor and discriminant analysis. Results. The results of performance analysis show an average level of proficiency in learning material. By the coefficient of variation, the grades in History of Modern World, Culturology, Gymnastics, TMPE, 3rd year vary considerably (>33%). The students’ performance in Therapeutic Physical Training, Fundamentals of Ecology, Thesis has an average level of variability. By most indicators, the students are assessed as a homogeneous group. The analysis of similarities (h2) showed that the most informative indicators of the quality of students’ training are the grades in the following subjects: Teaching Practice (middle school) (0.817); Biomechanics (0.772); Qualification Examination (0.764); Teaching Practice (senior school) (0.763).  Conclusions. Factor and discriminant analysis provided objective information on the quality of physical education teacher training. The results of factor analysis do not confirm the objectivity of empirical identification of four groups of academic subjects of the curriculum. The factor structure of the curriculum indicates the need to change the content of education, aimed at improving the training of highly qualified teachers. The training of a physical education teacher should include the following blocks of subjects: professional theoretical and practical training, natural sciences, theory and methods of physical education of schoolchildren, special training in the chosen sport. The results of discriminant analysis show that physical education teacher training is aimed at developing knowledge, abilities and skills in the sections: 1) Means and Methods of Physical Education; 2) Theory and Methods of Motor Abilities Development; 3) Theory and Methods of Teaching Motor Actions.
Умные земли Секреты успеха образовательных сверхдержав
Authors: Крехан Люси
Published: October 2020

Когда Люси Крехан работала школьным учителем в неблагополучном районе Лондона, у нее вызывала неприятие постоянно меняющаяся государственная политика, якобы основанная на уроках передовых систем образования. Ее заинтересовало, что же на самом деле происходит в школах тех стран, ученики которых получают высшие оценки по чтению, математике и естествознанию. Она отправилась в Финляндию, Японию, Сингапур, Китай и Канаду, чтобы поработать учителем в школах этих стран, погрузиться в другие культуры и обнаружить то, что невозможно увидеть на схемах и графиках. Проживая в домах местных учителей и посещая уроки, она беседовала с педагогами, авторитетными руководителями учебных заведений, школьными дворниками и охранниками, старшеклассниками и родителями. Крехан рассказывает о том, как в этих странах обучаются дети с разными способностями, о мерах, используемых правительствами для повышения привлекательности профессии учителя, о том, как методы воспитания в семье и соответствующие установки влияют на образовательные результаты детей, и предлагает ответы на три важнейших вопроса: как эти страны добились таких высоких оценок; чему могут научиться у них остальные; и какова цена этого успеха? Книга адресована исследователям школьного образования, руководителям учебных заведений, педагогам и психологам.
Экономические истоки диктатуры и демократии. 3-е изд.
Authors: Асемоглу Дарон , Робинсон Джеймс А.
Published: October 2020

Научный бестселлер экономистов Дарона Асемоглу и Джеймса А. Робинсона посвящен разработке концептуальных оснований для анализа создания и консолидации демократии. Авторы исходят из внешне простого тезиса о том, что различные социальные группы предпочитают различные политические институты из-за того, как они распределяют политическую власть и ресурсы. Так, демократию предпочитает большинство граждан, но ей противятся элиты. Однако диктатура нестабильна, когда граждане могут создавать угрозу общественных беспорядков и революции. В ответ на это, когда цена репрессий существенно высока и обещания уступок не вызывают доверия, элиты могут быть вынуждены создать демократию. Через демократизацию элиты вызывающим доверие образом передают политическую власть гражданам, обеспечивая социальную стабильность. Демократия консолидируется, когда у элит нет сильных стимулов для ее свержения. Эти процессы зависят от силы гражданского общества, структуры политических институтов, природы политических и экономических кризисов, уровня экономического неравенства, структуры экономики и формы и масштаба глобализации.
Top-down proteomics data analysis on the NRTDP TDPortal v1
Authors: Camarillo Jeannie , Kelleher Neil
Published: October 2020

This method describes how to analyze data on TD Portal, a top-down proteomics search tool from the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics.