bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics and Changes of the Builders of the Ancient Tombs in Samga, Hapcheon, between the 4th and 6th Centuries, as seen from Funerary Artifacts
Authors: Yeo Chang Hyun
Published: October 2020

The ancient tombs in Samga, Hapcheon, are proof of an ancient unglazed stoneware culture that follows the production and distribution systems of the inland Haman style. The stoneware excavated from Samga’s ancient tombs share similar compositions and change patterns with Haman-style stoneware. Tombs built after the early 4th century’s type I-1 separate-pit wooden chamber tombs were strikingly different from the previous tombs of Samhan Period in terms of size and the artifacts buried therein. The type I-1 wooden chamber tombs belonged to the local rulers of the Samga area in Hapcheon. This discovery suggests the emergence of a small state in the area, away from the center of Byeonhan and Jinhan, and a glimpse of the social and economic background of the builders of the Samga’s ancient tombs of that period. The early 5th century saw a temporary emergence of similar stoneware types across the Yeongnam region. The ancient tombs in Samga also held a type of stoneware culture centered on mounted cups that characterized the transitional period until the establishment of the post-Gaya stoneware style. Before the establishment of the post-Gaya stoneware style in the early 5th century, the ancient tombs in Samga already featured large wooden chamber tombs with crushed stones covering their entire lengths. The overwhelming size of the chamber and the quality of the funerary artifacts indicate that the tombs belonged to the highest rulers of western Gyeongsangnam-do as well as Samga area. The emergence of the builders of the ancient tombs in Samga in the late 5th century represents the establishment of the stratified central-tomb-peripheral-tomb system and the emergence of multi-chamber tombs in the Sogaya region. Specifically, the same assemblage and stylistic changes centered on stoneware styles appeared, with the establishment of a weaponry system focused on iron helmets and war swords. The artifacts from gigantic multichamber tombs built on hills in this period confirm the introduction and spread of foreign culture. These artifacts also show the pattern of exchange among Gaya factions in the area and their expansion. The cultures of Aragaya and, in particular, Daegaya began in the early 6th century, as can be seen from the tombs of local rulers. However, the style of the tombs implies that the multi-chamber tombs built with methods unique to the area continued until the first half of the 6th century. The funerary artifacts found in the M-2, 3, and 4 tombs in Zone I—which include iron-plate ritual utensils with bird decorations, round-pommel swords with three-leaf patterns, and horse harnesses—show that the ancient tombs in Samga are the central tombs of Sogaya, which is further supported by the internal and external capabilities of the area.
Sal-serіlіk dástúr jáne Zákárııanyń taǵdyry [The Sal-Seri Tradition and the Fate of Zakaria]
Authors:   PhD Doctoral Student, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University  (Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan), e-mail: Esentygel73@mail.ru, Azi E.A.
Published: October 2020

One of the traditions that is peculiar only to the Kazakh people is the tradition of «Sal-Seri». Where do the roots of true art, which was clearly expressed in the middle of the XIX century, come from? What contribution did the masters of art who gave a special tone to the art of the nomadic people, who have the title «Sal-Seri», make to the tradition of the steppe? The purpose of this article is to take into account the thoughts of our leading scientists, to explore the mysterious world of Sal-Seri more deeply. There were many skilled Seri masters in the Western region of Kazakhstan. One of them was Zakaria Sagyndykuly, whose «Seri» features were studied in this article. In addition, the names of Kazakh universal masters «Sal» and «Seri» were considered, and the features of this manifestation and the reasons for the inheritance of this tradition through the centuries. Қазақ халқының өзіне ғана тән ұлттық өнерлерінің бірі – салдық, серілік дәстүр. XIX ғасыр белесінде айрықша көзге шалынар хас өнердің қайнары қайдан? «Сал-сері» деген атқа ие болып, көшпенді жұрттың өнер көшіне өзгеше рең берген, түрлі өнер иелерінің сахара мәдениетіне қосқан үлестері қандай еді? Кешегі өткен абыз ғалымдарымыздың келелі ойларын кеңеске алып, осынау ойлары бөлек сал-серілердің тылсым әлемін терең зерделеу мақсат. Қазақстанның батыс аймағында серілік құрып өткен өнерпаздар аз болмаған. Соның бірі Зәкәрия Сағындықұлының серілік қасиеттері зерделенді. Мақалада сонымен қатар қазақ халқының әмбебап өнерпаздарының атауы – «сал» мен «сері» салтының ерекше көріністері және өзегі үзілмей бүгінге ұласуының себептері қарастырылған.
Qazaq maqal-máteldepi men Abaı «qara cózderi» aracyndaǵy úndectik [The Relationship of Kazakh Proverbs and «Words of Edification» of Abay]
Authors:   Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Acting Professor of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian  National University (Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan), e-mail: aigul_73kz@mail.ru, Tupcynbaeva A.Ó. , Maldybek A.J. ,   Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor,  Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University  (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: akmaral.maldybek@ayu.edu.kz
Published: October 2020

The article describes the relationship between Kazakh Proverbs and sayings with the «Words of Edification» of Abay. The heritage of the great Abay is an inexhaustible Treasury, a spiritual source for many generations. It is difficult to assess the significance of his work in one word, but the legacy of Abay occupies a special place in the modern history, culture and literature of our people. Abay and its heritage are the most popular among the people. In his work, all problems were analyzed through the true mind and consciousness, and the main core turned into the good of life. Perceiving as a source of virtue faith, love, kindness, benevolence, he urged the people and young people to love life, respect each other and educate themselves. Abay's works cover all spheres of life of the people, linking their past, present, and future. Abay's «Words of Edification» have not lost their meaning even now, although several generations and epochs have changed, and if we consider that national characteristics and human values continue to grow and develop, we must recognize that Abay's «Words of Edification» will continue to be a valuable source of knowledge of the truth. Мaқaлaдa қaзaқ мaқaл-мәтeлдepi жәнe Aбaй «Қapa cөздepi» oй жeлiciндeгi өзapa бaйлaныc бaяндaлaды. Қaзaқ xaлқының мaңдaйынa бiткeн oйшыл дaнa Aбaйдың мұpacы – caн ұpпaққa pyxaни aзық бoлaтын capқылмac мoл қaзынa. Қазақ хaлқының бүгінгі тарихында, дәстүрі мен мәдениетінде Aбaйдың aлaтын opны айрықша, оны бір деммен, бір сөзбен жеткізу мүмкін емес. Aбaй мұpacы aдaм тipшiлiгiнiң caн-caлacын қaмтып, қaзaқ xaлқының өткeнi мeн бүгiнiн, бoлaшaғын ұштacтыpғaн өмipшeңдiгiмeн, мәңгiлiк өзeктiлiгiмeн қымбaт. Бapлық адамдық ілімді, өмір сүрудің мәнін, адамның адамдығының формуласын барлық шығарамаларына өзек еткен Aбaй мұрасы, тағлымы қазіргі таңда аса қажетті, көкейтесті мәселе болып отыр. Абай туындыларында түгел дерлік барлық мәселелер сау ақыл арқылы сарапталып, сұрыпталып, басты мазмұн өзегін өмip игiлiгiнe aйнaлдыpa бiлгeн. Ұлы жapaтылыcқa деген иман мен үмітті мaxaббaт пeн мeйipiмнiң, жaқcылықтың көзi peтiндe бaғaлay apқылы қaлың жұpтын өмipдi cүюгe, aдaмдapды aялayғa, жacтapды бiлiм aлyғa шaқыpғaн бoлaтын. Aбaйдың рухани мұрасы, қаншама заман ауысып, уақыт өзгерседе, ешуақытта құндылығы жойылмайды. Aбaй шығaрмaлaрының қaншa yaқыт өтce дe өз құндылығын жoғaлтпayының cыры адамшылық идеясында жатыр. Aл адамның aдaмшылығы кeз кeлгeн қoғaмның өзекті мәceлeci eкeнi анық.
Joǵary oqý ornynda jaratylystaný baǵytyndaǵy pánderge aǵylshyn tіlіn kіrіktіre oqytýdyń mańyzdylyǵy [The Importance of Integrated Learning of English Language to the Natural Science Subjects in High Schools]
Authors:   Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International  Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: kalipa.atemova@ayu.edu.kz, Atemova Q.T. , Qonysova A.A. ,   PhD Doctoral Student, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University  (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: www.konisova@mail.ru
Published: October 2020

Today's requirement is the formation of competitive specialists in the global market. Therefore one of the requirements of the public in the training of specialists is their compliance with international standards. For this, it is necessary to prepare a multilingual specialist. This process should be implemented through the integrated teaching of English in the Natural Sciences. Therefore, this article pays great attention to teaching subjects in the Natural Sciences in English. When teaching natural sciences through a survey questioning of future specialists, it turns out that one of the effective teaching method is CLIL technology. Examples are given, development of lesson plans, confirming the optimality of this technology. Бүгінгі күннің сұранысы әлемдік нарықта бәсекеге қабілетті мамандардың қалыптасуын керек етеді. Осы бағытта болашақ мамандарды даярлауда әлемдік талаптарды ескеру қоғам талабына айналды. Ол үшін ең алдымен көптілді маманды даярлау қажет. Бұл, әсіресе жаратылыстану бағытындағы пәндерге ағылшын тілін кіріктіре оқыту арқылы жүзеге асырылмақ. Мақалада жаратылыстану бағытындағы пәндерді ағылшын тілінде оқытудың тиімді әдістемесіне көңіл аударылады. Болашақ мамандардан сауалнамалар алу арқылы жаратылыстану пәнінде ағылшын тілін кіріктіре оқытудың жағдайы айқындалып, оның тиімді әдісі ретінде CLIL технологиясы сипатталады. Ағылшын тілін кіріктіре оқытудың әдістемесі нақтылы мысалдармен, сабақ жоспарларымен байланыстырылып баяндалады.
Ways of development of active and cognitive activity of pupils in subjects of natural sciences
Authors:   Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University (Kazakhstan, Almaty), e-mail: nazirasandibaeva@gmail.com, Sandibaeva N.А. , Makhanbetova S.E. ,   Мaster student, Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University (Kazakhstan, Almaty), Kaptagay G.A. ,   PhD, Senior Lecturer of Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University  (Kazakhstan, Almaty), e-mails: gulbanu.kaptagay@gmail.com, Kalan A. ,   PhD, Senior Lecturer of Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University  (Kazakhstan, Almaty), e-mails: kalan.a@mail.ru
Published: October 2020

The world is changing, changing in turn the education system, so the education system should form such a quality as professionalism in everything-the ability to quickly change directions and methods of activity. There is a concept of the information society, which is interested in the fact that its citizens were able to independently, actively act, make decisions, flexibly adapt to living conditions. Accordingly, in the teaching of natural Sciences, new approaches to the eternal problems: how and what to teach, new pedagogical technologies, techniques, methods, new views on the relationship between teacher and student.
Structure and functions of forming legal competence in the educational process of professional training
Authors:   Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University (Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan), e-ma il: temirzha n55@ma il.ru, Musalimov T. , Bermukhambetova B. ,   PhD Doctoral Student, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University (Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan), e-ma il: bbbo ta go z@ma il.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6484, Praliyeva R. ,   Senior Lecturer of Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University  (Kazakhstan, Turkestan),  e-ma il: bek_ken@mail.ru
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses aspects related to the formation of professional and legal competence in the process of scientific and educational process of training bachelors of engineering and technical profile. A modern professional should be not only qualified literate, but also socially competent, and also often legally literate, be able to coordinate, manage and obey himself, resolve conflicts and be able to make decisions within the existing legal framework, etc. For this, it is advisable for a future bachelor know legislative and other regulatory legal acts, be able to use them productively in practical professional work. Purpose of the study: to determine the essence and properties of the structural components of the formation of legal competence of bachelors in the process of vocational training. When solving particular problems of theoretical research, methods were comprehensively used such as analysis of methodological, philosophical, sociological, psychological, pedagogical literature on the problem of research, study of legislative and regulatory acts on higher education and the functioning of technical institutions, synthesis and generalization of information received on subject of research. The structure of legal competence, as well as objective and subjective properties of legal competence are revealed. Legal competence is presented as a complex, integrative education, consisting of a complex system of knowledge, abilities, skills and individual qualities of a future bachelor of engineering and technical specialties. Moreover, the content of legal knowledge should be adequate to the professional activity of the future bachelor, and only if this condition is met this knowledge will contribute to the improvement of his legal competence.
Algebrada kvadrattyq fýnktsııalarǵa qatysty fızıkalyq mazmundy esepterge taldaý [Analysis of Physical Content Tasks Connecting Quadratic Functions in Algebra]
Authors:   Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University (Kazakhstan, Shymkent), e-mail: ank_56@mail.ru, Ashırbaev N.K. , Nýrmaganbetova J.A. ,   PhD Doctoral Student, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University (Kazakhstan, Shymkent), e-mail: juju456@mail.ru, Bekmoldaeva R.B. ,   Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University (Kazakhstan, Shymkent)
Published: October 2020

In this article discusses the issues of solving problems of physical content for each selected topic in the process of learning functional-graphical lines of mathematics are considered. Here, special attention is paid to the fact that solutions of problems with physical content are interconnected with functional-graphic lines of mathematics, which allows in-depth study of the chosen topic and reveal its practical content. This article discusses problems with physical content related to functions of the form , and analyzes their graphs from the point of view of physics. Мақалада, математикада функционалды-графикалық желілерді оқыту үдерісінде әрбір таңдалған тақырыпқа байланысты физикалық мазмұнды есептер шығарту мәселелері қарастырылған. Мұнда, физикалық есептер математикада өтілетін функционалды-графикалық желілер мазмұнымен өзара байланысты және қарастырылатын тақырыпты тереңдетуге, практикалық мазмұнын ашуға мүмкіндік беретіндей жағдайларына баса көңіл бөлінген. Мақалада , функцияларына қатысты физикалық мазмұнды есептер қарастырылып, олардың графиктеріне физикалық тұрғыдан талдау жүргізілген.
Bolashaq fızıka muǵalіmderіnіń ádіstemelіk quzіrettіlіgіn qalyptastyrýda oqý-ádіstemelіk tapsyrmalardy qoldaný [Use of Educational and Methodical Tasks in Formation of Methodical Competence of Future Teachers of Physics]
Authors:   PhD Doctoral Student, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University  (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: aknur.batyrbekova@ayu.edu.kz, Batyrbekova A.J.
Published: October 2020

In this article the features of application of educational and methodical tasks at formation of methodical competence of future teachers of physics are considered. Researches of scientists on competences in various areas are analyzed. There are necessary conditions for the preparation of educational and methodical tasks. As an example, there are several tasks. Methodical activity of future teachers of physics is presented in the table. The features of open and closed tasks were considered, and examples were given. Бұл мақалада болашақ физика мұғалімдерінің әдістемелік құзіреттілігін қалыптастыруда оқу-әдістемелік тапсырмаларды қолдану ерекшеліктері қарастырылады. Түрлі салалар бойынша ғалымдардың құзіреттіліктер бойынша зерттеулері талданған. Оқу-әдістемелік тапсырмаларды дайындау үшін қажетті шарттар берілген. Мысал ретінде бірнеше тапсырма келтіріледі. Болашақ физика мұғалімдерінің әдістемелік қызметі кесте бойынша берілген. Ашық және жабық тапсырмалардың ерекшеліктері қарастырылып, мысалдар берліген.
Pedagogtyń kásіbı utqyrlyǵynyń qurylymy [Structure of the Professional Mobility of the Teacher]
Authors:   PhD Doctoral Student, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University  (Shymkent, Kazakhstan), e-mail: baha7-9@mail.ru, Aıdarov B.J. , Kamalov Iý.N. ,   Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University (Kazakhstan, Shymkent), e-mail: iusubaty@mail.ru
Published: October 2020

In the article, the author aims to bring to readers a generalized structure of professional mobility of future teachers for the successful implementation of tasks defined in the course of professional training of professional training specialists from the author's point of view. During the implementation of this goal, the main components of professional mobility of future teachers of vocational training are defined and the main concepts are formulated. In the life of the person can be mobile, flexible to change and creative self-realization in the framework of the acquired profession. But only if he has certain personal and professional qualities. It is formulated that the structural elements of professional mobility are: the quality of the individual; human activity; the process of transformation of the individual and the environment; types of mobility (vertical and horizontal); characteristics (objective, subjective and characterological). Автор мақалада кәсіптік оқыту мамандарын кәсіби даярлау барысында анықталған міндеттерін табысты жүзеге асыру үшін, болашақ педагогтардың кәсіби ұтқырлығының жалпы құрылымын авторлық көзқарас тұрғысынан оқырмандарға жеткізуді мақсат етеді. Осы мақсатты жүзеге асыру барысында болашақ кәсіптік оқыту педагогтарының кәсіби ұтқырлығының негізгі құрылымын құраушылар анықталып, негізгі ұғымдар айқындалды. Адам өмірінде меңгерген мамандығы шеңберінде икемді түрде жаңғырып, шығармашылық тұрғыдан өзін-өзін жетілдіре алатындай ұтқыр бола алады. Бірақ ол үшін белгілі бір жеке және кәсіби қасиеттерге ие болуы керек. Кәсіби ұтқырлықтың құрылымдық элементтері: жеке тұлға сапасы; адамның іс-әрекеті; адамның өзін және қоршаған ортаны түрлендіру процесі; ұтқырлық түрлері (тік және көлденең); сипаттамалары (объективтік, субъективтік және мінезін зерттеу) екендігі тұжырымдалды.
Soǵystan keıіngі jyldardaǵy Qazaqstan shyǵarmashylyq odaqtarynyń quramy men qurylymy [Composition and Structure of Kazakhstan Creative Unions in the Postwar Years (after the Second World war)]
Authors:   Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University (Kasakhstan, Kyzylorda), e-mail: dastan.satbai@mail.ru, Sátbaı T.Ia.
Published: October 2020

The article examines the structure and composition of creative unions in Kazakhstan in the post-war years. In the post-war period, creative unions of writers, artists, architects and composers continued to function in the country. These unions were created in the 1930s, that is, before the great Patriotic war. In 1957–1958, the Union of journalists and cinematographers was additionally created, so the number of creative unions in the Republic reached six. The quantitative and qualitative composition of Creative Unions in Kazakhstan grew rather slowly. The reason for this was the constant lack of professional staff, and secondly, representatives of traditional Kazakh art were excluded from the activities of creative Unions, for the simple reason that they were not professionals by Soviet standards. In Soviet times, poets-improvisers, representatives of oral professionals by Soviet standards. In Soviet times, poets-improvisers, representatives of oral literature, masters of applied arts, melodists-composers were not recognized as professionals. The article also examines the national composition of the creative unions of the Republic. Мақалада соғыстан кейінгі жылдардағы Қазақстан шығармашылық одақтарының құрамы мен құрылымы қарастырылады. Соғыстан кейінгі жылдары жазушылардың, суретшілердің, композиторлар мен сәулетшілердің шығармашылық одақтары жұмыс жасап жатты. Бұл одақтар 30-жылдары, яғни соғысқа дейінгі жылдары құрылған болатын. 1957–58 жылдары бұларға қосымша журналистер мен кинематографистер одағы құрылды, сөйтіп олардың саны алтауға жетті. Қазақстан шығармашылық одақтарының сандық және сапалық құрамы баяу өсті. Өйткені маман кадрлар тұрақты жетіспеді, екіншіден, кеңестік өлшемдер бойынша дәстүрлі қолданбалы қазақ қол өнерінің өкілдері кәсіби мамандар болып саналмағандықтан шығармашылық одақтар қызметінің аясынан тысқары қалды. Кеңес жылдары суырыпсалма ақындар, ауыз әдебиетінің өкілдері, қолданбалы өнер, мелодист-композиторлар кәсіби мамандар болып саналмады. Мақалада сондай-ақ республика шығармашылық Одақтарының ұлттық құрамы қарастырылады.
Uly Jіbek joly boıyndaǵy Hanqorǵan qalashyǵynyń orta ǵasyrlardaǵy kórіnіsі jáne qazіrgі jaǵdaıy [Contemporary Condition, Medieval View and Location of the Great Silk Road City Khankorgan]
Authors:   Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International  Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: elmira.zulpkharova@ayu.edu.kz, Zulpyharova E.Ý. , Baltabaeva A.Iý. ,   Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International   Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: alyona.baltabayeva@ayu.edu.kz
Published: October 2020

The article describes the appearance, modern state, and history of the Khankorgan city study – as a cultural monument of the Sairam region of the Middle Ages during the formation of the Kazakh Khanate. Supplementary, the goal of the article is to fill the gaps in history by studying ancient monuments. Khankorgan is a medieval city (Sairam district of Turkestan region) on the northwestern outskirts of the settlement of the same name (now Madani) on the left bank of the Arys river. It is built on a low floodplain on the left bank of the river. In general, it is recorded as a historical, cultural, and architectural monument of the territory of the modern Turkestan region. This article examines some of the little-studied historical features of the Khankorgan. Мақалада Сайрам ауданының тарихи-мәдени ескерткіші Ханқорған қалашығының орта ғасырлардан Қазақ хандығы тұсы кезеңі аралығындағы көрінісі мен тарихына сипаттама беріліп, қалашықтың зерттелу тарихы қарастырылған. Сонымен қатар, сонау көнеден жеткен ескерткіштерді зерттей отырып, тарих қоржынын толықтыра түсу мақаланың міндеті болып табылады. Ханқорған қалашығы Арыс өзенінің сол жағалауында орналасқан аттас елді мекенінің (қазіргі атауы Мадани) солтүстік-батыс шетіндегі ортағасырлық қала (Сайрам ауданы, Түркістан облысы). Ол сол жағалау бөлігінің аласау жайылма үстіне өзен аңғарына жақын салынған. Жалпы қазіргі Түркістан облысы аумағының тарихи-мәдени және сәулет ескерткіштерін жазбаға түсірген. Бұл мақалада Ханкорған қаласының аз зерттелген тарихи ерекшеліктері қарастырылады.
Sovershenstvovanıe mehanızma okazanııa gosýdarstvennyh ýslýg v oblastı pervıchnoı medıko-sanıtarnoı pomoı [Improvement of the Mechanism of Providing Public Services in the Field of Primary Health Care]
Authors:   Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor City Polyclinic No. 17 in Almaty (Kazakhstan, Almaty), Tajıeva A.E. , Abılkaıyr N.A. ,   PhD Doctoral Student, Higher School of Public Health in Almaty (Kazakhstan, Almaty), e-mail: abilkaiyr.nazerke@gmail.com
Published: October 2020

The article examines the features of the provision of public services in the field of primary health care in general, as well as a detailed analysis of the existing mechanism for the provision of public services in health care in Kazakhstan. Based on the identified shortcomings, the ways of their solution are proposed. The recommendations developed within the framework of this study can contribute to the formation of effective institutional and legal basis for the functioning of an effective model of health care in Kazakhstan, capable of fully satisfying the needs of the population. В статье исследованы особенности оказания государственных услуг в сфере первичной медико-санитарной помощи в целом, а также проведен подробный анализ действующего в Казахстане механизма оказания государственных услуг в здравоохранении. Исходя из выявленных недостатков, предложены пути их решения. Разработанные рекомендации в рамках данного исследования могут способствовать формированию действенной институционально-правовой основы для функционирования эффективной модели здравоохранения Казахстана, способной в полной мере удовлетворять запросы населения.
Analysis of the surface of healthy and fluorotic human enamel using microhardness test
Authors: Monjarás Ávila Ana Josefina , Zavala Alonso Veronica , Morales Alcocer Grace , Martínez Castañón Gabriel Alejandro , Patiño Marín Nuria , Ramírez González Jorge
Published: October 2020

The microhardness is an essential property of tooth enamel; there may be many factors that alter or diminish this quality causing weakness, one of which is dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was evaluate the surface microhardness of fluorotic enamel compared with healthy enamel. Two hundred forty extracted human molars were classified into four groups: Healthy (H), mild (MI), moderate (MO) and severe (S) fluorosis according to the Dean index. All samples were analyzed by Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Average, standard deviation and ranges were calculated for quantitative variables, the ANOVA and Tukey test was used to identify differences between groups. The mean values of surface microhardness in HVN were: H, 333.4; MI, 290.3; MO, 266.1; S, 252.0. The differences between mean surface microhardness among healthy group and fluorotic groups were statistically significant (p
Effectiveness of a combined silver nanoparticles/fluoride varnish in dental remineralization in children: in vivo study
Authors: Butrón-Téllez Girón Claudia , Mariel-Cárdenas J. , Pierdant-Pérez M. , Hernández-Sierra J.F. , Morales-Sánchez J.E. , Ruiz F.
Published: October 2020

Dental caries is an infectious disease that can occur in children, sometimes as soon as the teeth eruption starts. Nanotechnology provides effective strategies in prevention and treatment of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the addition of silver nanoparticles to a fluoride varnish for the remineralization of primary teeth with white spot lesions. A trial was carried out in children with dental demineralization (white spot lesions) on both maxillary dental teeth. One of the teeth received three applications of a fluoride varnish with silver nanoparticles, and the other one, three applications of the same varnish without the silver nanoparticles. We measured the mineral content of the teeth with a laser cavity detection device (DIAGNOdent®) before the first application of the varnishes, and 3 months after the last application. The results show significant differences between teeth treated with silver nanoparticles. Teeth have been treated with fluoride varnish added with silver nanoparticles  seemed to enhance dental structure than teeth treated with conventional varnish, and this effect was also found between basal and final measurements in this group. The fluoride varnish added with silver nanoparticles seems to be more effective in the dental remineralization. This strategy may be used as a prophylactic measure to avoid development of caries.
Physico-chemical and mechanical thermo-rheological characterization of three varieties of triticale starches
Authors: Correa-Pacheco Zormy Nacary , González-Fuentes P.A. , Tramón-Pregnan C.L. , Solorzano-Ojeda S.C. , Zúñiga-Quintana A. , Sabino Gutiérrez M.A. , Jiménez-Pérez J.L.
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, starch is an excellent biodegradable option instead of synthetic polymers, to avoid contamination. In this work, triticale starch from three varieties (Faraón, Peteroa and Aguacero) was isolated and the physico-chemical and thermo-rheological properties were evaluated. Also, mechanical properties of thermoplastic films using this starch were assessed. From the physico-chemical analysis it was found that the moisture, protein and lipids contents were slightly different among starches. Amylose value was similar. Thermo-rheological behavior measured by Mixolab® revealed that initial water uptake was higher for Faraón variety due to the grain morphology observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Values for gelatinization temperature obtained were 82.2 °C for Faraón starch, followed by Peteroa (72.0 °C) and finally Aguacero (65.6 °C). From the mechanical properties, Faraón thermoplastic starch (TPS) films showed the highest value of Young’s modulus (1.90 ± 1.09 MPa) for the composition 50/25/25  (starch/glycerol/water). The highest elongation at break (64.77 ± 14.14 %) was obtained for Peteroa composition 50/35/15 (starch/glycerol/water).  Then, triticale mainly used to feed animals more than for human consumption, could be good alternative for preparing biodegradable films with potential applications in agriculture and food packaging.
Efecto del aporte térmico en la resistencia a la corrosión de un recubrimiento de acero inoxidable martensítico depositado por soldadura
Authors: Carreón Garcidueñas Héctor Guillermo , Medina Flores Ariosto , Huape Padilla Engelbert , Béjar Gómez Luis
Published: October 2020

En el proceso de colada continua, los rodillos se utilizan para la contención, soporte, conducción y transporte de la losa. Para extender substancialmente la vida útil de los rodillos, la superficie está cubierta con una capa resistente al desgaste llamada revestimiento duro el cual es aplicado por medio de soldadura de recargue, para mejorar las superficies que se encuentran sometidas a desgaste severo, oxidación o corrosión de los rodillos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar el efecto del aporte térmico por medio de técnicas electroquímicas de un acero inoxidable martensítico 414N aplicado como revestimiento duro en agua de mar sintética. El proceso de soldadura para la aplicación de los recargues fue por medio de soldadura de arco con electrodo tubular (FCAW) variando el voltaje del arco. Las técnicas electroquímicas fueron polarización potenciodinámica (PP) y espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS). Los resultados indican que todos los recargues presentan una estructura martensítica de listón, donde 26 V presentó un 5.44% de ferrita, 28 V 5.33% y 30 V 5.0%, se puede observar que con un alto aporte térmico empleado se obtiene la menor cantidad de ferrita. De los resultados electroquímicos se puede observar, para 30 V se tiene el comportamiento más activo teniendo un Ecorr de -535 mV/ECS, siendo para 26 V y 28 V los valores más nobles (-380 mV/ECS y -425 mV/ECS) respectivamente. Para los 28 y 30 V se presentan potenciales de ruptura de la pasividad (313 mV/ECS y 132 mV/ECS) respectivamente.
Management Prospects for COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Jilani Uzma Aamir , Rahman Ishrat , Jilani Syed Aamir
Published: October 2020

Although the number of active COVID-19 cases have been fallen in some countries, the threat of the pandemic is still impending in many parts of the world and the pace of recovery is still uncertain. SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has expanded very quickly since the beginning of 2020 and has now taken approximately a million lives all around the globe. Sadly, there is yet to be an approved treatment for COVID-19 as it may take a few years to establish a definitive treatment and a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to review the preventive and curative measures currently under investigation for COVID-19 and the targeted pathogenic features of the SARS-CoV-2. To manage the clinical implications of COVID-19, and to alleviate SARS-CoV-2, the main focus is on supportive therapy, symptom control, antiviral drugs, and immunomodulation. Intense research activities for therapeutic interventions are in progress worldwide to evaluate the benefit of such drugs.
Împrejmuiri și porți din lemn în zonele etnografice din Nordul Transilvaniei
Authors:   Muzeul de Etnografie și Artă Populară Baia Mare, Ciocan Janeta , Coman Mirela ,   Universitatea Tehnică Cluj-Napoca
Published: October 2020

L'étude analyse les clôtures et les portes de quatre zones ethnographiques: Ţara Chioarului, Ţara Lăpuşului, Ţara Maramureşului et la zone Codru. Pour les enceintes sont analysés autant les matériaux de construction que les techniques utilisées pour leur élevage. Compte tenu de leur importance dans l’ensemble d’une ferme paysanne, les portes occupent une place extrêmement importante dans l’ouvrage. Il y a aussi des similitudes que des différences en ce qui concerne la façon de percevoir l’importance de la porte d’accès dans la cour de la ferme en fonction de la zone ethnographique. La porte de Ţara Maramureşului est présentée en détail, l’auteur faisant l’analyse de ses motifs décoratifs et de leur signification, grâce à son importance, autant comme élément distinctif du point de vue de la hiérarchie sociale que, surtout, au caractère spectaculaire de ses éléments constructifs.
Considerații privind potențialul identitar al arhitecturii rurale tradiționale
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Goia Ioan Augustin
Published: October 2020

L'auteur considère que le sentiment individuel d'appartenance à une communauté circonscrite spatialement et culturellement est généré par certains facteurs, qu'il énumère. Il remarque l'existence d'une tendance contemporaine d'attribuer à l'espace rural traditionnel un potentiel identitaire supérieur à l'espace urbain, parce que ce dernier a généré des valeurs culturelles semblables sur des aires beaucoup trop larges. La tendance mentionnée est générée, en principal, par l'existence, dans des espaces ruraux restreints, d'un certain rapport caractéristique, parfois unique, entre le paysage naturel et l'architecture ''organique'', rapport généré par des relations géographiques, sociales, économiques et culturelles distinctes. Vu que ce rapport se détériore au fur et à mesure i n s i t u, l'auteur considère que les musées ethnographiques en plein air, ont l'obligation de compléter les informations spécifiques du terrain, en fournissant aux visiteurs des repères culturels véridiques, à valeur identitaire réelle.
Restaurarea și conservarea unei traiste ciobănești din colecția Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Toader Vasilica Daniela , Troșan Laura ,   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei
Published: October 2020

The Shepherd`s bag, made by hand, at the beginning of the 19th century in the village Jucul de Mijloc, Cluj county, has been exhibited in a glass showcase in the main Hall of the Museum since 2006. The leather is dehydrated, some parts are detached, torn, some tacks and buttons are missing, and some of them are corroded. The restauration processes started with leather hydration by exposure in essential oils of cedar, savory and tea tree mixture dissolved in distilled water, in drying closet, at room temperature, about 1 month. The detached parts were assembled with rabbit glue, 3-5% in warm distilled water. Metal corrosion products were mechanically removed from buttons, tacks and other metallic decoration made from brass and conserved with Paraloid B 72, 3% in solvents mixture.
Focul în simbolistica neoliticului
Authors:   Universitatea „Lucian Blaga”, Sibiu, Lazarovici Gheorghe
Published: October 2020

Fire is presented generally after 5 issues: the usual fire, thunderbolt, Sun, fire of penetration or absorption, fire of destruction. There are several objects containing symbols, signs or sacred scenes related with fire. Some of them represent ideograms, other mithogrames, representing means of communication between man and divinity in Heaven. It is necessary to remind of these messages, especially those discovered on small cult altars used for burning the offerings: Ocna Sibiului, Turdaş, Karanovo, Gradešnica etc. On other objects, such as the ceramic fragment discovered at Lozna, man sent arrow to the Sun (god of light and of diurnal heat). Sanctuary 2 at Parţa occupies an important place in the Neolithic man's relationship with chthonian and celestial deities, helping us to decipher the religious beliefs of those times.
Impact of the eruption of Mt Pinatubo on the chemical composition of the stratosphere
Authors: Kilian Markus , Brinkop Sabine , Jöckel Patrick
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This article describes the volcanic effect of the Mt Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 on the ozone (O3) and methane (CH4) distribution in the stratosphere, as simulated with the chemistry–climate model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry: ECHAM5, version 5.3.02; MESSy, version 2.51). In this study, the effects of volcanic heating and heterogeneous chemistry on the chemical composition, caused by the volcanic aerosol, are separated. Global model simulations over the relevant period of the eruption from 1989 to 1997 with EMAC in T42L90MA resolution with specified dynamics and interactive chemistry were performed. The first simulation (VOL) contains the volcanic perturbation as an additional aerosol load and thus simulates the interaction of the aerosol with the chemistry and the radiation. The second simulation (NOVOL) neglects the eruption and represents the undisturbed atmosphere. In the third simulation (CVOL) the volcanic aerosol only interacts with the heterogeneous chemistry, such that volcanic heating is omitted. The differences between the simulation results VOL−NOVOL describe the total effect of the Mt Pinatubo eruption on the chemical composition, VOL−CVOL the stratospheric heating effect, and CVOL−NOVOL the chemical effect of the aerosol on the heterogeneous chemistry. The post-volcanic stratosphere shows a decrease in the O3 column in the tropics and an increase in the midlatitudes and polar regions, lasting roughly 1 year. This change in the ozone column is solely a result of the heating effect. The subsequent decrease in the ozone column is related to the chemical effect. The contribution of the catalytic loss cycles (NOx, HOx, ClOx, and BrOx) on the depletion of O3 is analysed in detail. In the tropics, CH4 increases in the upper stratosphere because of stronger vertical transport.
Using 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes to distinguish water mass distribution in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Mears Chantal , Thomas Helmuth , Henderson Paul B. , Charette Matthew A. , MacIntyre Hugh , Dehairs Frank , Monnin Christophe , Mucci Alfonso
Published: October 2020

Abstract. As a shelf-dominated basin, the Arctic Ocean and its biogeochemistry are
heavily influenced by continental and riverine sources. Radium isotopes
(226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra, and 223Ra), are transferred from the
sediments to seawater, making them ideal tracers of sediment–water exchange
processes and ocean mixing. As the two long-lived isotopes of the radium
quartet, 226Ra and 228Ra (226Ra with a t1∕2 of 1600 years and 228Ra with a t1∕2 of 5.8 years) can provide insight into the water mass
compositions, distribution patterns, as well as mixing processes and their
associated timescales throughout the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). The
wide range of 226Ra and 228Ra activities, as well as of the
228Ra∕226Ra, measured in water samples collected during the
2015 GEOTRACES cruise, complemented by additional chemical tracers –
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (AT), barium (Ba), and
the stable oxygen isotope composition of water (δ18O) –
highlight the dominant biogeochemical, hydrographic, and bathymetric features
of the CAA. Bathymetric features, such as the continental shelf and shallow
coastal sills, are critical in modulating circulation patterns within the
CAA, including the bulk flow of Pacific waters and the inhibited eastward
flow of denser Atlantic waters through the CAA. Using a principal component
analysis, we unravel the dominant mechanisms and apparent water mass
end-members that shape the tracer distributions. We identify two distinct
water masses located above and below the upper halocline layer throughout
the CAA and distinctly differentiate surface waters in the eastern
and western CAA. Furthermore, we highlight water exchange across
80∘ W, inferring a draw of Atlantic water (originating from Baffin
Bay) into the CAA. This underscores the presence of an Atlantic water “U-turn”
located at Barrow Strait, where the same water mass is seen along the
northernmost edge at 80∘ W as well as along the southeasternmost
confines of Lancaster Sound. Overall, this study provides a stepping stone
for future research initiatives within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago,
revealing how quantifying disparities in the distributions of radioactive
tracers can provide valuable information on water mass distributions, flow
patterns, and mixing within vulnerable areas such as the CAA.
Precipitation Patterns and Rainfall Erosivity Return Period Under Savanna Conditions in Formosa, Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Andrade Aline Franciel de , Machado Roriz Luciano , Rezende Cássia Cristina , Ferreira Elizabete Alves , Carvalho Daniel Fonseca de , Águas Murilo Alceu de , Correchel Vladia
Published: October 2020

Losses of soil and nutrients affect a large part of agricultural areas in tropical regions, regardless of the level of technology adopted. This study evaluated the physical attributes and erosivity indices associated with rainfall patterns and return periods in the region of Formosa, State of Goiás, Brazil. Using series of pluviographic (2002-2008) and pluviometric (1975-1998) data from a station located at municipality of Formosa, the erosive potential (EI30 and KE>25), rainfall patterns (advanced, intermediate and delayed) and the erosivity associated with the rainfall return periods were determined. The average annual rainfall of the region was 1,391.6 mm with 87.4% of the rains concentrated in October to March. The average annual values of EI30 and KE>25 corresponded to 8,041.6 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1 and 125.7 MJ ha-1 year-1, respectively. The months of the year did not differ based on rainfall pattern. The advanced hydrological pattern had the highest frequency of occurrence, followed by the delayed and intermediate patterns. The highest EI30 and KE>25 indices for individual rainfall seasons occurred under the intermediate and the advanced patterns in February and under the intermediate pattern in October for the index KE>25. The average annual erosivity index (R factor of USLE) (8041.6 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1) is expected to occur at least once every 1.89 years, corresponding to a probability of occurrence of 52.84%. The average annual values of EI30 estimated for the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years were 8,230, 10,225, 10,889, 11,222, 11,421 and 11,488 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1, respectively.
Multi-objective optimization identifies trade-offs between self-sufficiency and environmental impacts of regional agriculture in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Authors: Buschbeck Christian , Bitterich Larissa , Hauenstein Christian , Pauliuk Stefan
Published: October 2020

Regional food supply, organic farming, and changing food consumption are three major strategies to reduce the environmental impacts of the agricultural sector. In the German Federal State of Baden-Württemberg (population: 11 million), multiple policy and economic incentives drive the uptake of these three strategies, but quantitative assessments of their overall impact abatement potential are lacking. Here, the question of how much food can be produced regionally while keeping environmental impacts within political targets is tackled by comparing a scenario of maximum productivity to an optimal solution obtained with a multi-objective optimization (MO) approach. The investigation covers almost the entirety of productive land in the state, two production practices (organic or conventional), four environmental impact categories, and three demand scenarios (base, vegetarian, and vegan). We present an area-based indicator to quantify the self-sufficiency of regional food supply, as well as the database required for its calculation. Environmental impacts are determined using life cycle assessment. Governmental goals for reducing environmental impacts from agriculture are used by the MO to determine and later rate the different Pareto-efficient solutions, resulting in an optimal solution for regional food supply under environmental constraints. In the scenario of maximal output, self-sufficiency of food supply ranged between 61% and 66% (depending on the diet), and most political targets could not be met. On the other hand, the optimal solution showed a higher share of organic production (ca. 40%–80% com¬pared to 0%) and lower self-sufficiency values (between 40% and 50%) but performs substantially better in meeting political targets for environmental impact reduction. At the county level, self-sufficiency varies between 2% for densely populated urban districts and 80% for rural counties. These results help policy-makers benchmark and refine their goalsetting regarding regional self-sufficiency and environmental impact reduction, thus ensuring effective policymaking for sustainable community development.
Walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814 found north of Spitsbergen indicates a Pacific-Atlantic connection in the species
Authors: Byrkjedal Ingvar , Langhelle Gunnar
Published: October 2020

A small (36.5 cm) female walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814 was caught north of Spitsbergen in2011. The specimen had a high number of pyloric caeca (n=109), indicating a Pacific origin. The record is the firstevidence of a possible input to the small Atlantic population of walleye pollock from the large populations on thePacific side.
Samen wonen om te integreren
Authors: Huisman Carla , Czischke Darinka
Published: October 2020

Living together in order to facilitate integration - How mixed housing projects stimulate interaction between refugees and Dutch residents

The integration of refugees in the Netherlands has been suboptimal for years. After receiving a residence permit, refugees are distributed across the country and dispersed over neighborhoods. However, since the 2015 refugee crisis, the municipality of Amsterdam has adopted a different approach. Here, refugees that have been granted residence live together with Dutch young adults in projects where they share facilities and play a role in managing the project. To what extent can such mixed housing projects help the integration of refugees? The Startblok Riekerhaven, which was the first project, was studied for a year with qualitative research. The findings show that mixed housing projects can stimulate the formation of social connections. In this way they can contribute to the integration of refugees in the Netherlands. Given the suboptimal results of the current dispersal policy, this is relevant for science and policy.