bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APOBEC3F Is a Mutational Driver of the Human Monkeypox Virus Identified in the 2022 Outbreak
Authors: Suspène Rodolphe , Raymond Kyle A , Boutin Laetitia , Guillier Sophie , Lemoine Frédéric , Ferraris Olivier , Tournier Jean-Nicolas , Iseni Frédéric , Simon-Lorière Etienne , Vartanian Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2023

Background

On May 6, 2022, a powerful outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) had been reported outside of Africa, with many continuing new cases being reported around the world. Analysis of mutations among the 2 different lineages present in the 2021 and 2022 outbreaks revealed the presence of G->A mutations occurring in the 5′GpA context, indicative of APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase activity.

Methods

By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (differential DNA denaturation PCR) method allowing differential amplification of AT-rich DNA, we analyzed the level of APOBEC3-induced MPXV editing in infected cells and in patients.

Results

We demonstrate that G->A hypermutated MPXV genomes can be recovered experimentally from APOBEC3 transfection followed by MPXV infection. Here, among the 7 human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases (A3A-A3C, A3DE, A3F–A3H), only APOBEC3F was capable of extensively deaminating cytidine residues in MPXV genomes. Hyperedited genomes were also recovered in ∼42% of analyzed patients. Moreover, we demonstrate that substantial repair of these mutations occurs. Upon selection, corrected G->A mutations escaping drift loss contribute to the MPXV evolution observed in the current epidemic.

Conclusions

Stochastic or transient overexpression of the APOBEC3F gene exposes the MPXV genome to a broad spectrum of mutations that may be modeling the mutational landscape after multiple cycles of viral replication.
(Dis)possessive Borders, (Dis)possessed Bodies: Race and Property at the Postcolonial European Borders
Authors: Brito Tarsis
Published: May 2023

There has been a profusion of institutionalized practices of confiscation and destruction of migrants’ belongings during European bordering operations conducted by the police and border authorities. Clothes, shoes, money, food, mobile phones, and even water have been among the items seized by authorities, a practice that exposes migrants to multiple risks. That said, despite the pervasiveness of current (dis)possessive methods, scholars have not yet sufficiently theorized the historical and current links between property, race, and borders. This article argues that such (dis)possessive practices at Europe's borders are not simply another method of governance that emerges at Europe's borderzones. Rather, (dis)possession is seen here as central to the very (post)colonial functioning of the border itself. The argument is, on the one hand, that Europe's borders have been embedded within a (post)colonial and racial capitalist global order predicated upon multifaceted forms of (dis)possession. And, on the other hand, it is claimed that borders themselves have been sites of continual forms of colonial and racial (dis)possession. In so doing, the article shows how (dis)possession has historically allowed Europe to demarcate, reinforce, and police the status of racialized bodies as less than human and property-like, that is, as bodies available for colonial and capitalist consumption.
Effect of early vs. late maturing sire lines and creep feeding on the cortisol response, intestinal permeability, and growth performance of nursery and finishing pigs
Authors: Wensley Madie R , Woodworth Jason C , Tokach Mike D , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M , Gebhardt Jordan T
Published: May 2023

A total of 21 litters (11 early and 10 late maturing Duroc × DNA 241) resulting in 241 pigs were used in 170 d trial to determine the effect of sire lines selected for either early or late maturing growth rates and creep feeding on the cortisol concentration, intestinal permeability, and growth performance of nursery and finishing pigs. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effect of Duroc sire line (early or late maturing) and creep feeding (with or without). Creep feed was provided for 14 d prior to weaning. After weaning (approximately 21 d of age; initially 6.4 kg), no interactions were observed for blood cortisol. However, blood cortisol levels were increased (P = 0.011) in late maturing pigs compared to early maturing pigs. A lower percentage (P < 0.001) of early maturing pigs lost weight 3 d post-weaning compared to late maturing pigs. Likewise, early maturing pigs had improved (P < 0.001) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the first 3 d in the nursery and also had increased ADFI (P < 0.001) from days 2 to 14 in the nursery. Creep feeding had no effect on initial nursery performance. On day 7, after a 2-h fast, a subsample of pigs was administered an oral gavage of lactulose and mannitol dissolved in distilled water. No differences by sire line, creep feeding, or their interactions were observed in lactulose:mannitol ratio. For overall nursery growth performance, an interaction was observed for ADG (P = 0.007) and ADFI (P < 0.001), with creep feed providing a benefit in late maturing pigs, but not in early maturing pigs. Early maturing pigs had poorer gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) (P < 0.001) than late maturing pigs. For overall finishing performance, an interaction was observed for ADG (P = 0.037) and ADFI (P = 0.007), with creep feed providing a benefit in late maturing pigs, but not in early maturing pigs. This resulted in an interaction for final body weight (P = 0.005), with late maturing pigs that did not receive creep feed having decreased market weights (P ≤ 0.003) compared to the other treatments. In summary, early maturing pigs had decreased cortisol concentration at weaning and improved ADG and ADFI until approximately 100 kg, at which point late maturing pigs began to exhibit greater ADG. Late maturing pigs had improved G:F from 46 d of age until market. Interestingly, creep feeding late maturing pigs resulted in increased day 170 weight compared with providing no creep feed, whereas creep feed did not impact early maturing pigs (sire line × creep feed interaction, P < 0.005).
A comparative study on in vitro and in vivo stomach–small intestinal and large intestinal digestion of plant protein meals in growing pigs
Authors: Du Zhongyuan , Gao Lixiang , Wang Yuming , Xie Jingjing , Zeng Shuli , Zhao Jiangtao , Sa Renna , Zhao Feng
Published: May 2023

This experiment evaluated the difference between computer-controlled simulated digestion and in vivo stomach–small intestinal or large intestinal digestion for growing pigs. Five diets including a corn–soybean meal basal diet and four experimental diets with rapeseed meal (RSM), cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower meal (SFM), or peanut meal (PNM) were assigned to each group of five barrows installed terminal ileal cannula or distal cecal cannula in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Ileal digesta and feces were collected for the determination of digestibility of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) as well as digestible energy (DE) at terminal ileum and total tract. The large intestinal digestibility and DE were calculated by the difference between measurements obtained at the terminal ileum and those obtained from total tract. In vitro stomach–small intestinal digestibility and DE for diets and plant protein meals were determined by stomach–small intestinal digestion in a computer-controlled simulated digestion system (CCSDS). The in vitro large intestinal digestibility and DE of diets were determined in a CCSDS using ileal digesta and enzymes extracted from cecal digesta of pigs. The in vitro large intestinal digestibility and DE of four plant protein meals were determined by the difference between stomach–small intestinal and total tract digestion in the CCSDS. For the experimental diets, the in vitro ileal digestibility and DE were not different from corresponding in vivo values in basal diet and PNM diet, but greater than corresponding in vivo values for diets with RSM, CSM, and SFM (P < 0.05). No difference was observed between in vitro and in vivo large intestinal digestibility and DE in five diets. For the feed ingredients, the in vitro ileal digestibility and DE did not differ from corresponding in vivo ileal values in RSM and PNM but were greater than the in vivo ileal values in CSM and SFM (P < 0.05). The in vitro large intestinal GE digestibility and DE were not different from in vivo large intestinal values in RSM, CSM, and PNM, but lower than in vivo large intestinal values in SFM. This finding may relate to the higher fiber content of plant protein meals resulting in shorter digestion time of in vivo stomach–small intestine thus lower digestibility compared to in vitro, indicating it is necessary to optimize in vitro stomach–small intestinal digestion time.
Validation of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool Sibling Module Follow-Up Version
Authors: Davis Kathryn A , Alderfer Melissa A , Pariseau Emily , Lewis Amanda M , Kazak Anne E , Muriel Anna C , Long Kristin A
Published: May 2023

Objective

Psychosocial screening is recommended to connect siblings of youth with cancer to psychosocial services, but the lack of validated sibling-specific screening tools is a barrier to routine screening. The current study aimed to validate and establish a clinical cutoff for the recently developed Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) Sibling Module follow-up version to address this barrier.

Methods

Parents (N = 246) completed the PAT Sibling Module follow-up version for all siblings within their families ages 0–17 years (N = 458) at three time points between 6- and 24-month post-cancer diagnosis. For one target sibling within each family aged 8–17 years, parents also completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the target sibling completed the Child PTSD Symptom Scale. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses examined internal consistency and convergent and predictive validity. Receiver operator characteristic analyses were used to establish a maximally sensitive and specific clinical cutoff.

Results

Internal consistency was acceptable for all age versions (Kuder-Richardson 20s ≥ 0.79), except for the ages 0–2 version, which had low internal consistency at 18 months post-diagnosis (Kuder-Richardson 20 = 0.57). Convergent (r values >0.7, p values <.001) and predictive (r values >0.6, p values <.001) validity were strong at each time point. An optimal clinical cutoff of 0.32 was identified (range: 0.00–1.00).

Conclusions

The PAT Sibling Module follow-up version is a reliable and valid screener for sibling psychosocial risk following cancer diagnosis. Validation of a sibling-specific screener and establishment of a clinical cutoff are necessary first steps to addressing siblings’ unmet psychosocial needs and improving trajectories of sibling functioning.
The application of simultaneous mainstem bronchus dilation with pulmonary artery stenting in the context of hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Hasan Salman S , Skaribas Elena E , Islam Elaijah , Allen David Z , Yuksel Sancak
Published: May 2023

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital diagnosis that necessitates immediate intervention at the beginning of life to ensure survival past infancy and to optimize left-side cardiac function. Often, these required procedures can lead to deleterious side effects and resultant complications. In this case report, we present a 15-month-old patient with HLHS who underwent multiple procedures, including two aortic arch surgeries. After the interventions, the patient experienced left main pulmonary bronchus compression along with pulmonary artery stenosis. In this case, we outline an approach to performing vascular dilation without compromise of airway patency.
Rare serosal cystic gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor with extensive intestinal metaplasia in an adherent gastric mucosa; a case report in a 65-year-old male
Authors: Rehman Pir Muneeb , Sahrish Fariha , Iqbal Sahar , Tariq Tuba , Shoaib Muhammad , Rubab Sehrish , Imran Muhamad , Niazi Mehwish , Irum Saima , Aqeel Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Gastrointestinal (GI) intestinal stromal tumors account for 60% of mesenchymal GI tract tumors commonly located in the stomach and small intestine, predominantly solid tumors that rarely undergo cystic degeneration. A 65-year-old patient with increasing upper abdominal swelling and a computed tomography scan abdomen showed a large unilocular 17 × 16 × 15 cm lesion. A colossal cystic swelling in the lesser omentum, anterior to the stomach, was found upon exploration. Histopathological examination showed a spindle cell tumor turned out to be CD117 positive and S100 negative on immunostains. The tumor was moderate risk gastric gastrointestinal intestinal stromal tumor (GIST) based on the site; Stomach, Size >10 cm; Mitosis <5/5 mm2 according to risk assessment of GIST, 2006. GISTs are predominantly solid tumors and rarely undergo cystic transformation. The primary differential diagnoses of spindle cell neoplasm are GISTs, Leiomyoma, Leiomyosarcoma and Schwannoma. These spindle cell neoplasms are differentiated by applying a panel of Immunohistochemical stains, CD117, SMA and S100.
Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with colorectal cancer: case report
Authors: Al Ameer Ahmed Y , Alqawba Amirah Hassan , Alqarni Dalia Hamed Eid , Alsaluli Reema Mesfer A , Aboregela Adel Mohamed , Alqarni Saad A
Published: May 2023

The association between colorectal cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism has been reported as case reports in the literature. There are few data regarding the molecular explanation of such coexistence. Here we report a case with synchronous pathologies of primary hyperparathyroidism and colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the patient has a positive family history of the same two pathologies in one of his first-degree relatives. We reviewed the literature to clarify and explain the relationship between these two diseases. We aimed to shed light on the coexistence of such conditions and to clarify if there is a relation between them or if it is just a coincidence.
The Ethics of Analytic Listening
Authors: Lemma Alessandra
Published: May 2023

Chapter 4 considers the ethical complexity of psychoanalytic listening, addressing the questions of neutrality, objectivity, and power. Drawing on the work of the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, it suggests that the essence of ethical listening involves preparedness for the ‘Other’, and it discusses how this otherness always demands something that conflicts with the therapist’s desire and narcissism. The Other primarily demands space in the therapist’s mind: this is what the therapist promises to offer but even in the best of circumstances, at some stage, the therapist will fall short of this promise because narcissism is not a developmental phase—it is a permanent feature of being human. The potential for iatrogenic effects in psychoanalytic work is therefore significant.
The SNR of a transit
Authors: Kipping David
Published: May 2023

Accurate quantification of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a given observational phenomenon is central to associated calculations of sensitivity, yield, completeness, and occurrence rate. Within the field of exoplanets, the SNR of a transit has been widely assumed to be the formula that one would obtain by assuming a boxcar light curve, yielding an SNR of the form $(\delta /\sigma _0) \sqrt{D}$. In this work, a general framework is outlined for calculating the SNR of any analytic function and it is applied to the specific case of a trapezoidal transit as a demonstration. By refining the approximation from boxcar to trapezoid, an improved SNR equation is obtained that takes the form $(\delta /\sigma _0) \sqrt{(T_{14}+2T_{23})/3}$. A solution is also derived for the case of a trapezoid convolved with a top-hat, corresponding to observations with finite integration time, where it is proved that SNR is a monotonically decreasing function of integration time. As a rule of thumb, integration times exceeding T14/3 lead to a 10 per cent loss in SNR. This work establishes that the boxcar transit is approximate and it is argued that efforts to calculate accurate completeness maps or occurrence rate statistics should either use the refined expression, or even better numerically solve for the SNR of a more physically complete transit model.
Cyclic processes in the uterine tubes, endometrium, myometrium, and cervix: pathways and perturbations
Authors: Holdsworth-Carson Sarah J , Menkhorst Ellen , Maybin Jacqueline A , King Anna , Girling Jane E
Published: May 2023

This review leads the 2023 Call for Papers in MHR: ‘Cyclical function of the female reproductive tract’ and will outline the complex and fascinating changes that take place in the reproductive tract during the menstrual cycle. We will also explore associated reproductive tract abnormalities that impact or are impacted by the menstrual cycle. Between menarche and menopause, women and people who menstruate living in high-income countries can expect to experience ∼450 menstrual cycles. The primary function of the menstrual cycle is to prepare the reproductive system for pregnancy in the event of fertilization. In the absence of pregnancy, ovarian hormone levels fall, triggering the end of the menstrual cycle and onset of menstruation. We have chosen to exclude the ovaries and focus on the other structures that make up the reproductive tract: uterine tubes, endometrium, myometrium, and cervix, which also functionally change in response to fluctuations in ovarian hormone production across the menstrual cycle. This inaugural paper for the 2023 MHR special collection will discuss our current understanding of the normal physiological processes involved in uterine cyclicity (limited specifically to the uterine tubes, endometrium, myometrium, and cervix) in humans, and other mammals where relevant. We will emphasize where knowledge gaps exist and highlight the impact that reproductive tract and uterine cycle perturbations have on health and fertility.
Running Causation Aground
Authors: Andersen H K
Published: May 2023

The reduction of grounding to causation, or each to a more general relation of which they are species, has sometimes been justified by the impressive inferential capacity of structural equation modelling, causal Bayes nets, and interventionist causal modelling. Many criticisms of this assimilation focus on how causation is inadequate for grounding. Here, I examine the other direction: how treating grounding in the image of causation makes the resulting view worse for causation. The distinctive features of causal modelling that make this connection appealing are distorted beyond use by forcing them to fit onto grounding. The very inferential strength that makes causation attractive is only possible because of a narrow construal of what counts as a causal relation; as soon as that broadens, the inferential capacity markedly diminishes. Making causation suitable for application to grounding spoils what was appealing about causation for this task in the first place. However, grounding need not appeal to causation: causal modelling does not have exclusive claim to structural equation modeling or other formal techniques of modelling structure. I offer a case in favour of a different kind of metaphysical frugality, which tend towards narrow, more restrictive construals of relations like causation or grounding, because then each relation behaves more homogenously. This more homogenous behavior delivers stronger inferential power per relation even though there may be more relations to which one is committed.
Establishing clinical remission criteria for giant cell arteritis: Results of a Delphi exercise carried out by an expert panel of the Japan Research Committee of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare for Intractable Vasculitis
Authors: Sugihara Takahiko , Yoshifuji Hajime , Uchida Haruhito A , Maejima Yasuhiro , Watanabe Yoshiko , Tanemoto Kazuo , Umezawa Natsuka , Manabe Yusuke , Ishizaki Jun , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Nagafuchi Hiroko , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Niiro Hiroaki , Ishii Tomonori , Nakaoka Yoshikazu , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: May 2023

Objective

To develop a proposal for giant cell arteritis remission criteria in order to implement a treat-to-target algorithm.

Methods

A task force consisting of 10 rheumatologists, 3 cardiologists, 1 nephrologist, and 1 cardiac surgeon was established in the Large-vessel Vasculitis Group of the Japanese Research Committee of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare for Intractable Vasculitis to conduct a Delphi survey of remission criteria for giant cell arteritis. The survey was circulated among the members over four reiterations with four face-to-face meetings. Items with a mean score of ≥4 were extracted as items for defining remission criteria.

Results

An initial literature review yielded a total of 117 candidate items for disease activity domains and treatment/comorbidity domains of remission criteria, of which 35 were extracted as disease activity domains (systematic symptoms, signs and symptoms of cranial and large-vessel area, inflammatory markers, and imaging findings). For the treatment/comorbidity domain, ≤5 mg/day of prednisolone 1 year after starting glucocorticoids was extracted. The definition of achievement of remission was the disappearance of active disease in the disease activity domain, normalization of inflammatory markers, and ≤5 mg/day of prednisolone.

Conclusion

We developed proposals for remission criteria to guide the implementation of a treat-to-target algorithm for giant cell arteritis.
‘
Two Sides of the Same Coin
’—A Proposed Model for Delivering a Whole System Serial Crime Reduction Plan
Authors: Halford Eric
Published: May 2023

This article describes how existing and newly emerged research can be combined to develop a more systematic model for responding to serial crimes. We believe that the model offers police services a more efficient and effective way to optimize the deployment and scheduling of police resources, and their associated activity, to combat serial offending. We suggest that the likely subsequent prevention and reduction of demand achieved will go some way to alleviate the impact of serial offending behavior. To develop our model, we draw upon criminological literature including theories of routine activity, rational choice, and situational crime prevention. By incorporating existing methods of hotspot identification, and combining these with processes to identify and respond to serial offending, we propose a six-stage, Dual Offender—Victim, Crime Prevention and Reduction model, that includes (1) crime linkage to identify serial offending; (2) near-repeat pattern analysis to identify the areas experiencing, and at immediate risk of victimization; (3) THE prediction of future, spatially displaced hotspots at high risk of victimization; (4) geographical profiling to identify the area of the likely home or base of the offender; (5) suspect mapping, ranking, targeting, and early intervention; and (6) tracking of spatial displacement, and offender management to maintain model effectiveness.
Deep TL: progress of a machine learning aided personal dose monitoring system
Authors: Derugin Evelin , Kröninger Kevin , Mentzel Florian , Nackenhorst Olaf , Walbersloh Jörg , Weingarten Jens
Published: May 2023

Personal dosemeters using thermoluminescence detectors can provide information about the irradiation event beyond the pure dose estimation, which is valuable for improving radiation protection measures. In the presented study, the glow curves of the novel TL-DOS dosemeters developed by the Materialprüfungsamt NRW in cooperation with the TU Dortmund University are analysed using deep learning approaches to predict the irradiation date of a single-dose irradiation of 10 mGy within a monitoring interval of 41 d. In contrast of previous work, the glow curves are measured using the current routine read-out process by pre-heating the detectors before the read-out. The irradiation dates are predicted with an accuracy of 2–5 d by the deep learning algorithm. Furthermore, the importance of the input features is evaluated using Shapley values to increase the interpretability of the neural network.
Radiological assessment of irrigation water used in Rustenburg, South Africa
Authors: Olagbaju Oluwadamilare P , Wojuola Olarenwaju B , Tshivhase Makondelele V
Published: May 2023

Water is an essential input in agricultural production, which is why it plays an important role in food security. According to the World Bank, water irrigated agriculture represents about 20% of the total cultivated land and 40% of the total food produced globally. This makes water a direct and indirect route of radiation exposure to humans via contact, ingestion and consumption of agricultural products. Radiological assessment of irrigation water around Rustenburg, one of the mining and industrial cities in South Africa, is investigated in this study. The activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in irrigation water samples were determined using the total mass elemental concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium, measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The activity concentrations of 238U and 40K range from 1.24 × 10−04 to 1.09 × 10−02 Bq/l, and 7.07 × 1000 to 1.32 × 10+01 Bq/l, with mean activity concentrations of 2.78 × 10−03 and 1.16 × 10+01 Bq/l, respectively. The activity concentration of 232Th was found below the detection level in all sampled irrigation water. Estimated annual effective dose because of ingestion because of 238U and 40K was also found to be below 120 μSv/y for 238U and 232Th, 170 μSv/y for 40K and a total of 290 μSv/y by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. The estimated radiation dose and lifetime cancer risk indices indicate insignificant radiological risk, making the irrigation water safe for domestic and agriculture purposes.
A daily examination of executive functioning and chronotype in bedtime procrastination
Authors: Carlson Steven E , Suchy Yana , Baron Kelly Glazer , Johnson Kimberley T , Williams Paula G
Published: May 2023

Study Objectives

Bedtime procrastination, or delays in bedtime not attributable to external obligations, is a behavioral tendency that undermines sleep and is conceptualized as a consequence of poor self-regulation. Prior studies investigating the mechanistic role of self-regulation in bedtime procrastination relied on cross-sectional methods and self-reported self-regulation. The present study examined the association between bedtime procrastination and both objective and self-reported executive functioning (EF) as indices of self-regulation, as well as the moderating role of chronotype, using methods that examined these associations at the daily level.

Methods

A total of 273 young adult participants (78% female; Mage = 24.4) completed daily measures of objective EF (i.e., Stroop task), self-reported EF (i.e., self-reported cognitive, behavioral, and emotional regulation difficulties), and bedtime procrastination over 14 days, in addition to measures of chronotype. Multilevel models were constructed to examine the associations between bedtime procrastination and EF, as well as EF-chronotype interactions.

Results

Poorer daily objective EF and self-reported behavioral regulation were associated with greater same-night bedtime procrastination. Additionally, poorer subjective cognitive and emotional regulation were associated with greater average bedtime procrastination across 14 days. Later chronotypes reported greater bedtime procrastination than early chronotypes.

Conclusions

The present study provides support for the association between EF and bedtime procrastination, but finds no evidence for the moderating role of chronotype in this association. Results suggest that some EF processes may be more relevant to bedtime procrastination than others. Current findings have implications for assessment and intervention for this consequential sleep-relevant behavioral tendency.
Polish family foundation—a grand finale of a long saga
Authors: Krzywański Tomasz , Gajdziński Krzysztof
Published: May 2023

In January 2023, the Polish parliament passed the Act on the Family Foundation. After years of using private foundations in other European countries, Polish entrepreneurs finally have a domestic tool created for family succession. The purpose of the article is to assess, with a comparative approach, how the Polish legislator managed to regulate this institution against well-established solutions from other European countries. This article describes how the foundation operates and focuses on tax and international aspects of the new foundation law.
Cryptoactifs et appel public à l’épargne en zone CEMAC
Authors: Zogo Willy Stéphane
Published: May 2023

Public offering (IPO) is a key mechanism in the functioning of the financial market. In the CEMAC zone, the related rules are plural and challenged by technological and financial developments such as crypto-assets. The present paper aims to demonstrate that, before the July 2022 reform of the financial market regulation, COSUMAF had a questionable legitimacy to regulate, and therefore to prohibit, fundraising involving crypto-assets. However, after this reform, the new provisions bring to the perimeter of the IPO some correctives that must nevertheless be well adjusted.
11Poetics
Authors: MacEachern Jessi
Published: May 2023

This chapter begins with an overview of 2022’s monumental place in the study of poetics, as marked by the centenary anniversary of T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land and the publication of Dionne Brand’s Nomenclature: New and Collected Poems. From the retrospective celebration of literary modernism and the projective appraisal of new diasporic writing, this review then goes on to examine several new works in the field of poetics, including one journal article and five books. These works are investigated according to four major topics: 1. The Poetics of Inconvenience; 2. World-Building Poetics; 3. The Poetics of Articulation; and 4. Typewriter Poetics; before 5. Ending with a Joke. The case studies of the year’s work in poetics are wide in their array, such that they include modernist sound writing, suicidal ideations in film and literature, and digital trans of color bioart. Ultimately, however, these works are united by one tendency, which is to extend the field of poetics across populations, nations, and disciplines. What these works do is ‘loosen’ the concept of poetics: ‘to make it available to transition’ (Berlant, On the Inconvenience of Other People, p. 12), in order ‘to provide dimension, texture, and resonance for emergent and ongoing’ (p. 13) forms in the field.
Not All Acidovorax Are Created Equal: Gibberellin Biosynthesis in the Turfgrass Pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae
Authors: Ogonkov Andrei , Brosius Paula Emily , Zeng Quan , Sasso Severin , Nagel Raimund
Published: May 2023

In recent years Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae was identified as a major cause of bacterial etiolation and decline (BED) in turfgrasses and has become a growing economical concern for the turfgrass industry. The symptoms of BED resemble those of “bakanae,” or foolish seedling disease, of rice ( Oryzae sativa), in which the gibberellins produced by the infecting fungus, Fusarium fujikuroi, contribute to the symptom development. Additionally, an operon coding for the enzymes necessary for bacterial gibberellin production was recently characterized in plant-pathogenic bacteria belonging to the γ-proteobacteria. We therefore investigated whether this gibberellin operon might be present in A. avenae subsp. avenae. A homolog of the operon has been identified in two turfgrass-infecting A. avenae subsp. avenae phylogenetic groups but not in closely related phylogenetic groups or strains infecting other plants. Moreover, even within these two phylogenetic groups, the operon presence is not uniform. For that reason, the functionality of the operon was examined in one strain of each turfgrass-infecting phylogenetic group ( A. avenae subsp. avenae strains KL3 and MD5). All nine operon genes were functionally characterized through heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and enzymatic activities were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All enzymes were functional in both investigated strains, thus demonstrating the ability of phytopathogenic β-proteobacteria to produce biologically active GA4. This additional gibberellin produced by A. avenae subsp. avenae could disrupt phytohormonal balance and be a leading factor contributing to the pathogenicity on turf grasses.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Evaluating patients with vertigo
Authors: Ritz Howard
Published: May 2023

Dizziness and vertigo are among the most common complaints in medicine. Patients often provide vague descriptions of symptoms, making clinicians' jobs challenging. However, a patient with vertigo also can be one of the most rewarding encounters of a clinician's day. In most cases, a focused history and bedside vestibular testing provide enough information to make a diagnosis and identify patients for appropriate referral. Canalith repositioning maneuvers often resolve symptoms, leaving patients and clinicians satisfied.
Inclusion and Belonging at the Bedside and Beyond
Authors: Johnson Rolanda L. , Steed Julia
Published: May 2023

Inclusive work environments lead to a sense of belonging and improve retention.
Hospice Nurse Ethics and Institutional Policies Toward Medical Aid in Dying
Authors: Abbott Jean , Kerwin Jeanne , Holden Constance , Battin Margaret Pabst , Miller Charles , Pope Thaddeus Mason
Published: May 2023

A significant number of hospices in U.S. jurisdictions where medical aid in dying is legal have implemented policies that require nurses to leave the room when a patient ingests aid-in-dying medication. Two questions with ethical implications arise from these policies: (1) Is it ethically supportable for a hospice to require that staff leave the room while a patient ingests aid-in-dying medication? and (2) Does this requirement compromise the nurse's professional commitment to the patient and family?

This article reviews the origins of this common policy, as well as nursing codes of ethics and professional organization policy statements as they relate to nursing commitments to patients. It finds that an institutional policy requiring nurses to leave the room while a patient ingests aid-in-dying medication risks violating professional nursing standards, reinforces stigma regarding medical aid in dying, and potentially abandons patients and loved ones at a critical time in their passage toward a desired and legal death. The authors describe a case that depicts these three potential risks, concluding that even if such policies are not legally prohibited by state aid-in-dying statutes, hospices should eliminate them or at least be transparent about the practice and its rationale before accepting patients who request medical aid in dying.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Cummings Jo Ann F.
Published: May 2023

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an area of growing concern for the health care community, as evidenced by its identification as a Healthy People 2030 objective and as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. In the past, nurses may have identified patients who cut or harmed themselves as having suicidal intent, yet NSSI is increasingly recognized and investigated as a separate disorder. This article provides an overview of NSSI, including information about risk factors, clinical assessment, and preventive efforts.
Shorter Scrubbing, Drying Times Preferred for Needleless Connect or Disinfecting
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: May 2023

According to this study:

Comparing three different products for disinfecting needleless connectors showed that all were more effective than sterile water, but nurses preferred using chlorhexidine gluconate with isopropyl alcohol wipes.
Pharmacotherapeutics for dyslipidemia management
Authors: El Hussein Mohamed Toufic , Sharma Aditi , Parmar Komal , Shelat Krupa
Published: May 2023

Effective management of dyslipidemia is of paramount importance to prevent cardiovascular (CV) complications. Using current clinical practice guidelines is recommended to correct lipid levels and prevent further pathologic processes. This article presents an overview of treatment options for patients with dyslipidemia and CV disease, with a special focus on the following drug classes: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also called statins), cholesterol absorption inhibitors (ezetimibe), bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, icosapent ethyl, and PCSK9 inhibitors.
Association of the United States Affordable Care Act Dependent Coverage Provision with Labor Neuraxial Analgesia Use
Authors: Guglielminotti Jean , Daw Jamie R. , Landau Ruth , Friedman Alexander M. , Li Guohua
Published: May 2023

Background

Providing continuous health insurance coverage during the perinatal period may increase access to and utilization of labor neuraxial analgesia. This study tested the hypothesis that implementation of the 2010 Dependent Coverage Provision of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, requiring private health insurers to allow young adults to remain on their parent’s plan until age 26 yr, was associated with increased labor neuraxial analgesia use.

Methods

This study used a natural experiment design and birth certificate data for spontaneous vaginal deliveries in 28 U.S. states between 2009 and 2013. The intervention was the Dependent Coverage Provision, categorized into pre- and postintervention periods (January 2009 to August 2010 and September 2010 to December 2013, respectively). The exposure was women’s age, categorized as exposed (21 to 25 yr) and unexposed (27 to 31 yr). The outcome was the labor neuraxial analgesia utilization rate.

Results

Of the 4,515,667 birth certificates analyzed, 3,033,129 (67.2%) indicated labor neuraxial analgesia use. For women aged 21 to 25 yr, labor neuraxial analgesia utilization rates were 64.9% during the preintervention period and 68.9% during the postintervention period (difference, 4.0%; 95% CI, 3.9 to 4.2). For women aged 27 to 31 yr, labor neuraxial analgesia utilization rates were 64.9% during the preintervention period and 67.7% during the postintervention period (difference, 2.8%; 95% CI, 2.7 to 2.9). After adjustment, implementation of the Dependent Coverage Provision was associated with a 1.0% (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.2) absolute increase in labor neuraxial analgesia utilization rate among women aged 21 to 25 yr compared with women aged 27 to 31 yr. The increase was statistically significant for White and Hispanic women but not for Black and Other race and ethnicity women.

Conclusions

Implementation of the Dependent Coverage Provision was associated with a statistically significant increase in labor neuraxial analgesia use, but the small effect size is unlikely of clinical significance.

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Affirming Practices With LGBTQIA+ Patients Seeking Speech and Hearing Care
Authors: Clark Emilie K. , Koenig Ashley L.
Published: May 2023

Due to heightened risks of healthcare discrimination as well as ongoing worldwide attacks on their rights and liberties, LGBTQIA+ people need safe and affirming environments to access their medical care. Studies have found that 8% of all LGBTQ individuals and 22% of transgender individuals avoid seeking health care when they need it due to fears of discrimination. Audiologists and speech pathologists must take a hard look at their practices to ensure that both LGBTQIA+ patients and staff are welcome, safe, and affirmed. This article proposes both short- and long-term interventions to patient interactions, office environments, and patient paperwork that can be easily implemented in most practices to ensure that LGBTQIA+ individuals are safe and comfortable to seek the care they need.
Pericytes may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry into the nervous system
Authors: Kang Zijian , Wang Jing , Meng Tong , Zhang Hao , Xu Da , Gong Haiyi , Chang Zhenyan , Li Zifu , Cui Xingang , Xiao Jianru , Qureshi Adnan I. , Zhou Wang , Liu Jianmin , Xu Huji
Published: May 2023

Objective:

Although the neurological and olfactory symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 have been identified, the neurotropic properties of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remain unknown. We sought to identify the susceptible cell types and potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the central nervous system, olfactory system, and respiratory system.

Methods:

We collected single-cell RNA data from normal brain and nasal epithelium specimens, along with bronchial, tracheal, and lung specimens in public datasets. The susceptible cell types that express SARS-CoV-2 entry genes were identified using single-cell RNA sequencing and the expression of the key genes at protein levels was verified by immunohistochemistry. We compared the coexpression patterns of the entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the spike protein priming enzyme transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS)/cathepsin L among the specimens.

Results:

The SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and the spike protein priming enzyme TMPRSS/cathepsin L were coexpressed by pericytes in brain tissue; this coexpression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In the nasal epithelium, ciliated cells and sustentacular cells exhibited strong coexpression of ACE2 and TMPRSS. Neurons and glia in the brain and nasal epithelium did not exhibit coexpression of ACE2 and TMPRSS. However, coexpression was present in ciliated cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts in tracheal tissue; ciliated cells and goblet cells in bronchial tissue; and alveolar epithelium type 1 cells, AT2 cells, and ciliated cells in lung tissue.

Conclusion:

Neurological symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 could be associated with SARS-CoV-2 invasion across the blood-brain barrier via pericytes. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2-induced olfactory disorders could be the result of localized cell damage in the nasal epithelium.
Mutation-specific Mismatch Repair–deficient Benign Endometrial Glands in Endometrial Biopsies and Curettings Are a Biomarker of Lynch Syndrome and Associate With Endometrial Carcinoma Development
Authors: Hegazy Shaymaa , Brand Randall E. , Dudley Beth , Karloski Eve , Lesnock Jamie L. , Elishaev Esther , Pai Reetesh K.
Published: May 2023

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common extraintestinal cancer in Lynch syndrome (LS). Recent studies have demonstrated mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency can be detected in benign endometrial glands in LS. We performed MMR immunohistochemistry in benign endometrium from endometrial biopsies and curettings (EMCs) from a study group of 34 confirmed LS patients and a control group of 38 patients without LS who subsequently developed sporadic MLH1-deficient or MMR-proficient endometrial carcinoma. MMR-deficient benign glands were only identified in patients with LS (19/34, 56%) and were not identified in any control group patient (0/38, 0%) (P < 0.001). MMR-deficient benign glands were identified as large, contiguous groups in 18 of 19 cases (95%). MMR-deficient benign glands were identified in patients with germline pathogenic variants in MLH1 (6/8, 75%), MSH6 (7/10, 70%), and MSH2 (6/11, 55%) but not in patients with variants in PMS2 (0/4). MMR-deficient benign glands were seen in all EMC samples (100%) but in only 46% of endometrial biopsy samples (P=0.02). Patients with MMR-deficient benign glands were significantly more likely to have endometrial carcinoma (53%) compared with LS patients with only MMR-proficient glands (13%) (P=0.03). In conclusion, we demonstrated that MMR-deficient benign endometrial glands are frequently identified in EMB/EMC in women with LS and are a specific marker for LS. Women with LS with MMR-deficient benign glands were more likely to have endometrial carcinoma suggesting that MMR-deficient benign glands may be a biomarker of increased risk of endometrial carcinoma development in LS.
Geographical Associations of HIV Prevalence in Female Sex Workers From Nairobi, Kenya (2014–2017)
Authors: Shaw Souradet Y. , Reed Neil , Wanjiru Tabitha , Muriuki Festus , Munyao Julius , Akolo Maureen , Tago Achieng , Gelmon Lawrence , Kimani Joshua , McKinnon Lyle R.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Kenya's HIV epidemic is heterogeneously distributed. Although HIV incidence in Kenya has shown signs of recent decline, focused interventions are still needed for female sex workers (FSWs). Geospatially informed approaches have been advocated for targeted HIV prevention. We quantified heterogeneity in HIV burden in Nairobi-based FSWs by place of origin within Kenya and hotspots and residence within Nairobi.

Methods:

Data were collected as part of enrolment in the Sex Workers Outreach Program in Nairobi between 2014 and 2017. Prevalence ratios were used to quantify the risk of HIV by high-prevalence counties using modified Poisson regression analyses. Crude and fully adjusted models were fitted to the data. In heterogeneity analyses, hotspots and residences were aggregated to the Nairobi constituency level (n = 17). Inequality in the geographic distribution of HIV prevalence was measured using the Gini coefficient.

Results:

A total of 11,899 FSWs were included. Overall HIV prevalence was 16%. FSWs originating from a high-prevalence country were at 2-fold increased risk of living with HIV in adjusted analysis (prevalence ratio 1.95; 95% CI: 1.76 to 2.17). HIV prevalence was also highly heterogeneous by hotspot, ranging from 7% to 52% by hotspot (Gini coefficient: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.50). By contrast, the constituency of residence had a Gini coefficient of 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.10), suggesting minimal heterogeneity by residence.

Conclusion:

HIV prevalence in FSWs is heterogeneous by place of work within Nairobi and by county of birth within Kenya. As HIV incidence declines and financial commitments flatline, tailoring interventions to FSWs at highest HIV risk becomes increasingly important.