bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deficit of Inhibition as a Marker of Neuroplasticity (DEFINE Study) in Rehabilitation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study Protocol
Authors: Simis Marcel , Imamura Marta , Sampaio de Melo Paulo , Marduy Anna , Battistella Linamara , Fregni Felipe
Published: August 2021

Background: Brain plasticity is an intrinsic property of the nervous system, which is modified during its lifetime. This is one mechanism of recuperation after injuries with an important role in rehabilitation. Evidence suggests that injuries in the nervous system disturb the stability between inhibition and excitability essential for the recuperation process of neuroplasticity. However, the mechanisms involved in this balance are not completely understood and, besides the advancement in the field, the knowledge has had a low impact on the rehabilitation practice. Therefore, the understanding of the relationship between biomarkers and functional disability may help to optimize and individualize treatments and build consistent studies in the future.

Methods: This cohort study, the deficit of inhibition as a marker of neuroplasticity study, will follow four groups (stroke, spinal cord injury, limb amputation, and osteoarthritis) to understand the neuroplasticity mechanisms involved in motor rehabilitation. We will recruit 500 subjects (including 100 age- and sex-matched controls). A battery of neurophysiological assessments, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging, is going to be used to assess plasticity on the motor cortex before and after rehabilitation. One of the main hypotheses in this cohort is that the level of intracortical inhibition is related to functional deficits. We expect to develop a better understanding of the neuroplasticity mechanisms involved in the rehabilitation, and we expect to build neurophysiological “transdiagnostic” biomarkers, especially the markers of inhibition, which will have great relevance in the scientific and therapeutic improvement in rehabilitation. The relationship between neurophysiological and clinical outcomes will be analyzed using linear and logistic regression models.

Discussion: By evaluating the reliability of electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and magnetic resonance imaging measures as possible biomarkers for neurologic rehabilitation in different neurologic disorders, this study will aid in the understanding of brain plasticity mechanisms in rehabilitation, allowing more effective approaches and screening methods to take place.
Clinical Presentation and Causes of Non-traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: An Observational Study in Emergency Patients
Authors: Müller-Jensen Leonie , Ploner Christoph Johannes , Kroneberg Daniel , Schmidt Wolf Ulrich
Published: August 2021

Introduction:Diagnosing non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is often challenging. However, clear discrimination from non-spinal pathologies, e.g., “myelopathy-mimics” (MMs), is critical in preventing long-term disability and death. In this retrospective study we (1) investigated causes of NTSCI, (2) identified clinical markers associated with NTSCI and (3) discuss implications for NTSCI management.

Methods:Our sample consisted of 5.913 consecutive neurological and neurosurgical patients who were treated in our emergency department during a one-year period. Patients with a new or worsened bilateral sensorimotor deficit were defined as possible NTSCI. We then compared clinical and imaging findings and allocated patients into NTSCIs and MMs.

Results:Of ninety-three included cases, thirty-six (38.7%) were diagnosed with NTSCI. Fifty-two patients (55.9%) were classified as MMs. In five patients (5.4%) the underlying pathology remained unclear. Predominant causes of NTSCI were spinal metastases (33.3%), inflammatory disorders (22.2%) and degenerative pathologies (19.4%). 58.6% of NTSCI patients required emergency treatment. Presence of a sensory level (p= <0.001) and sphincter dysfunction (p= 0.02) were the only significant discriminators between NTSCI and MMs.

Conclusion:In our study, one-third of patients presenting with a new bilateral sensorimotor deficit had NTSCI. Of these, the majority required emergency treatment. Since there is a significant clinical overlap with non-spinal disorders, a standardized diagnostic work-up including routine spinal MRI is recommended for NTSCI management, rather than an approach that is mainly based on clinical findings.
Circular RNA FNDC3B Protects Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells From Ferroptosis and Contributes to the Malignant Progression by Regulating miR-520d-5p/SLC7A11 Axis
Authors: Yang Jie , Cao Xing-Hua , Luan Ke-Feng , Huang Yun-Dong
Published: August 2021

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy with increasing mortality and high recurrence. Ferroptosis is an emerging programed cell death and plays an essential role in tumorigenesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported as a type of critical regulators in OSCC development. In this study, we identified the function of circular RNA FNDC3B (circFNDC3B) in regulating ferroptosis during the malignant progression of OSCC. Our data demonstrated that the silencing of circFNDC3B by shRNA inhibited GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression and enhanced ROS, iron, and Fe2+ levels in OSCC cells. CircFNDC3B knockdown reinforced erastin-induced inhibitory effect on OSCC cells. The depletion of circFNDC3B repressed cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis of OSCC cells. Mechanically, circFNDC3B was able to increase SLC7A11 by targeting miR-520d-5p. The overexpression of SLC7A11 reversed circFNDC3B depletion or miR-520d-5p-induced ferroptosis phenotypes of OSCC cells. Moreover, tumorgenicity assays in nude mice showed that the depletion of circFNDC3B repressed OSCC cell growth in vivo. Taken together, we concluded that circFNDC3B attenuated ferroptosis of OSCC cells and contributed to OSCC progression by regulating the miR-520d-5p/SLC7A11 axis. CircFNDC3B, miR-520d-5p, and SLC7A11 may serve as potential therapeutic targets of OSCC.
Oleic Acid and Insulin as Key Characteristics of T2D Promote Colorectal Cancer Deterioration in Xenograft Mice Revealed by Functional Metabolomics
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Di , Lv Bo , Hou Xiaoying , Liu Qiwei , Liao Chuyao , Xu Ruijie , Zhang Yuxin , Xu Fengguo , Zhang Pei
Published: August 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers with high mortality worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), known as a risk factor of CRC, can promote the deterioration of CRC, but the underlying mechanism is elusive. In this study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between CRC and T2D from the perspective of small-molecule metabolism. First, a list of common dysregulated metabolites in CRC and T2D was obtained by retrieving existing metabolomics publications. Among these metabolites, oleic acid (OA) was found to be able to promote the proliferation and migration of colon carcinoma cell HCT116. Further experiments proved that insulin could significantly strengthen this promotion and showed a synergistic effect with OA. Mechanism study found that OA and insulin acted synergistically through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2/c-Myc/cyclin D1 pathway. In addition, the combination of ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor palbociclib showed a remarkable inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, the current study found that OA plays an important role in CRC development by using a functional metabolomics approach. More importantly, insulin and OA were confirmed to synergistically promote the deterioration of CRC in vitro and in vivo via ERK1/2/c-Myc/cyclin D1 pathway. Our findings may shed light on CRC treatment among the T2D population.
A Systematic Review to Clarify the Prognostic Values of CD44 and CD44+CD24- Phenotype in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: Lessons Learned and The Road Ahead
Authors: Abdoli Shadbad Mahdi , Hosseinkhani Negar , Asadzadeh Zahra , Derakhshani Afshin , Karim Ahangar Noora , Hemmat Nima , Lotfinejad Parisa , Brunetti Oronzo , Silvestris Nicola , Baradaran Behzad
Published: August 2021

As a unique population of tumor bulk, cancer stem cells have been implicated in tumor relapse and chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, understanding the phenotype of cancer stem cells can pave the way for introducing novel molecular targeted therapies for treating TNBC patients. Preclinical studies have identified CD44+CD24-/low as a cancer stem cell phenotype; however, clinical studies have reported seemingly controversial results regarding the prognostic values of CD44 and CD44+CD24-/low phenotype in TNBC patients. To critically review the clinicopathological significance and prognostic values of CD44 and CD44+CD24-/low phenotype in TNBC patients, the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to obtain the relevant records published before 20 October 2020. Based on nine included studies, CD44 and CD44+CD24-/low phenotype are associated with inferior prognosis in TNBC patients. Moreover, these cancer stem cell markers have been associated with advanced tumor stage, tumor size, higher tumor grade, tumor metastasis, and lymphatic involvement in TNBC patients. Our evidence has also indicated that, unlike the treatment-naïve TNBC patients, the tumoral cells of chemoradiotherapy-treated TNBC patients can upregulate the CD44+CD24-/low phenotype and establish an inverse association with androgen receptor (AR), leading to the inferior prognosis of affected patients. In summary, CD44 and CD44+CD24-/low phenotype can be utilized to determine TNBC patients’ prognosis in the pathology department as a routine practice, and targeting these phenotypes can substantially improve the prognosis of TNBC patients.
An Integrative Metabolomic and Network Pharmacology Study Revealing the Regulating Properties of Xihuang Pill That Improves Anlotinib Effects in Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Chunyu , Wang Zhihong , Chen Wei , Cao Bo , Zhang Mingyu , Gu Qiong , Qi Shuya , Fei Xiaofei , Shi Yafei , Li Xingjie , Li RuiSheng , Wang Jiabo , Li Guohui
Published: August 2021

Lung cancer ranks as a leading cause of death. Although targeted therapies usually trigger profound initial patient responses, these effects are transient due to drug resistance and severe side effects. Xihuang Pill (XHW) is a popular Chinese medicine formula that might benefit cancer patients when used as a complementary therapy. However, its underlying mechanism when combined with anticancer drugs is not clearly understood. Here, we used an integrated strategy to reveal the regulatory properties of XHW in increasing the antitumor activity of anlotinib in lung cancer. We evaluated the anti-lung cancer effect of XHW combined with anlotinib in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). We applied untargeted metabolomics to identify the differences metabolism and found that XHW improved the effects of anlotinib on lung cancer. The components and targets related to the effects of XHW treatment on lung cancer were obtained through network pharmacology. Then, by integrating the biologically active components of XHW and anlotinib as well as the treatment-responsive metabolites and their related targets, an interaction network was constructed to evaluate the combination therapy. Finally, important protein candidates for this response were verified by immunohistochemistry of tumor tissues. The results showed that XHW significantly improved the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on tumor growth in LLC-bearing mice. Additionally, 12 differentially-abundant metabolites were identified by untargeted metabolomics in the XHW/anlotinib group compared with the XHW or anlotinib groups, and they were mainly enriched in fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways. Anlotinib, 23 components in Shexiang, 2 components in Niuhuang, 30 components in Ruxiang and 60 components in Moyao work together to act on 30 targets to regulate hexadecanoic acid (also named palmitic acid), linoleic acid, lactosylceramide, adrenaline, arachidonic acid and lysoPC(18:1(9Z)). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that XHW combined with anlotinib reduced the expression of PDGFRA in tumors. Overall, the key metabolites of XHW that enhances the efficacy of anlotinib were regulated by a multicomponent and multitarget interaction network. Our results suggested that anlotinib combined with XHW may be a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.
Unilateral Subfrontal Approach for Giant Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: Single Center Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Xiao Feng , Shen Jie , Zhang Luyuan , Yang Jiqi , Weng Yuxiang , Fang Zebin , Zhang Chao , Ye Hongxing , Zhan Renya , Zheng Xiujue
Published: August 2021

Background

Microsurgical Transcranial approach (mTCA) is the primary choice for the resection of giant Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas (TSM). The objective of this study is to explore surgical details of unilateral subfrontal approach.

Methods

Ten patients with giant TSM treated by unilateral subfrontal approach were included from January 2018 to June 2021. Demographic characteristics, surgical data, post-procedure complications and outcomes of patients have been descriptive analyzed, combined with systematic literature review to explore the surgical details and the prognosis of unilateral subfrontal approach.

Results

Ten patients include six male and four females, age range from 35 to 77 years, duration of visual impairment from 1 to 12 months, were all performed unilateral subfrontal approach. Nine patients achieved radical resection (Simpson grades I-II) through post-operative imaging confirmation, and Simpson IV resection was performed in the remaining one due to cavernous sinus invasion. The postoperative visual acuity was improved or maintained in 8 patients. Visual acuity decreased in 2 cases, including 1 case of optic nerve atrophy and the other case of optic canal not opening. Five cases with frontal sinus opened were repaired during the operation and there was no postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage or intracranial infection. One patient suffered from postoperative anosmia, one patient developed left limb weakness, but their symptoms have improved in the follow-up.

Conclusion

Summarize the experience of our center and previous literature, unilateral forehead bottom craniotomy is a feasible surgical approach for giant tuberculum sellae meningioma. Intraoperative application of EC glue and pedicled fascia flap to repair the frontal sinus can prevent complications associated with frontal sinus opening. Optic canal unroofing has huge advantage in visual improvement.
Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): Is There a Difference?
Authors: Grewal Manpreet K. , Gregory Melissa J. , Jain Amrish , Mohammad Dunya , Cashen Katherine , Ang Jocelyn Y. , Thomas Ronald L. , Valentini Rudolph P.
Published: August 2021

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Study Design: We performed a retrospective chart review of 113 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with or without MIS-C admitted at Children's Hospital of Michigan (CHM) from March to August 2020. Patient demographic details, laboratory data, imaging studies, echocardiography reports, and treatment data were collected.

Results: Of the 92 patients included in the final analysis, 22 (24%) developed AKI with 8/22 (36%) developing stage 3 AKI. The prevalence of AKI was much higher in patients with MIS-C 15/28 (54%) vs. those with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection 7/64 (11%), (p < 0.001). Overall, when compared to patients without AKI, patients with AKI were older in age (11 vs. 6.5 years, p = 0.007), African American (86 vs. 58%, p = 0.028), had MIS-C diagnosis (68 vs. 19%, p < 0.001), required ICU admission (91 vs. 20%, p < 0.001), had cardiac dysfunction (63 vs. 16%, p < 0.001), required inotropic support (59 vs. 6%, p < 0.001) and had a greater elevation in inflammatory markers. In a multivariate analysis, requirement of inotropes [Odds Ratio (OR)−22.8, p < 0.001], African American race (OR-8.8, p = 0.023) and MIS-C diagnosis (OR-5.3, p = 0.013) were the most significant predictors for AKI. All patients had recovery of kidney function, and none required kidney replacement therapy.

Conclusion: Children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C are at risk for AKI, with the risk being significantly greater with MIS-C. The pathogenesis of AKI in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be a combination of both renal hypo-perfusion and direct renal parenchymal damage whereas in MIS-C, the renal injury appears to be predominantly pre-renal from cardiac dysfunction and capillary leak from a hyperinflammatory state. These factors should be considered by clinicians caring for these children with a special focus on renal protective strategies to aid in recovery and prevent additional injury to this high-risk subgroup.
Searching for the one(s): Using Probiotics as Anthelmintic Treatments
Authors: Saracino Maria Priscila , Vila Cecilia Celeste , Baldi Pablo César , González Maglio Daniel Horacio
Published: August 2021

Helminths are a major health concern as over one billion people are infected worldwide and, despite the multiple efforts made, there is still no effective human vaccine against them. The most important drugs used nowadays to control helminth infections belong to the benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles (levamisole) and macrocyclic lactones (avermectins and milbemycins) families. However, in the last 20 years, many publications have revealed increasing anthelmintic resistance in livestock which is both an economical and a potential health problem, even though very few have reported similar findings in human populations. To deal with this worrying limitation of anthelmintic drugs, alternative treatments based on plant extracts or probiotics have been developed. Probiotics are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as live microorganisms, which, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. It has been proven that probiotic microbes have the ability to exert an immunomodulatory effect both at the mucosa and the systemic level. The immune response against gastrointestinal helminths is characterized as a type 2 response, with high IgE levels, increased numbers and/or activity of Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and alternatively activated macrophages. The oral administration of probiotics may contribute to controlling gastrointestinal helminth infections since it has been demonstrated that these microorganisms stimulate dendritic cells to elicit a type 2 or regulatory immune response, among other effects on the host immune system. Here we review the current knowledge about the use of probiotic bacteria as anthelmintic therapy or as a complement to traditional anthelmintic treatments. Considering all research papers reviewed, we may conclude that the effect generated by probiotics on helminth infection depends not only on the parasite species, their stage and localization but also on the administration scheme.
Non-palm Plant Volatile α-Pinene Is Detected by Antenna-Biased Expressed Odorant Receptor 6 in the Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Ji Tianliang , Xu Zhi , Jia Qingchen , Wang Guirong , Hou Youming
Published: August 2021

The majority of insects rely on a highly complex and precise olfactory system to detect various volatile organic compounds released by host and non-host plants in environments. The odorant receptors (ORs) are considered to play an important role in odor recognition and the molecular basis of ORs, particularly in coleopterans they are relatively poorly understood. The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive pests of the global palm industry. Although feeding and egg oviposition behaviors of RPW can be repelled by some non-palm plant volatiles, such as α-pinene, geraniol, or 1-octen-3-ol, there is limited understanding of how RPW recognizes the non-host plant volatiles. In this study, three candidate RferOrs were identified from the Rfer-specific clade, and the tissue expression analysis used was mainly expressed in the antennae of both sexes. Functional characterization of RferOr6, RferOr40, and RferOr87 was analyzed by using the Xenopus oocyte expression system, and the results indicated that RferOr6/RferOrco was narrowly tuned to α-pinene. The behavioral experiment showed that α-pinene at the concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/μl can cause a significantly repelled behavioral response of RPW. In conclusion, this study reveals that RferOr6 is an antenna-biased expressed OR used by RPW to detect the volatile compound α-pinene in non-palm plants, and our results provide a foundation for further in vivo functional studies of Or6 in RPW, including in vivo knockout/knockdown and feeding/ovipositing behavioral studies of RPW and further pest control.
Differences in Fracture Healing Between Female and Male C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Haffner-Luntzer Melanie , Fischer Verena , Ignatius Anita
Published: August 2021

Background

Mice are increasingly used in fracture healing research because of the opportunity to use transgenic animals. While both, male and female mice are employed, there is no consensus in the literature whether fracture healing differs between both sexes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze diaphyseal fracture healing in female and male C57BL/6J mice, a commonly used mouse strain in bone research.

Methods

For that purpose, 12-week-old Female (17–20 g) and Male mice (22–26 g) received a standardized femur midshaft osteotomy stabilized by an external fixator. Mice were euthanized 10 and 21 days after fracture and bone healing was analyzed by biomechanical testing, μCT, histology, immunohistochemistry and qPCR.

Results

Ten days after fracture, Male mice displayed significantly more cartilage but less fibrous tissue in the fracture callus compared to Female mice, whereas the amount of bone did not differ. At day 21, Male mice showed a significantly larger fracture callus compared to Female mice. The relative amount of bone in the fracture callus did not significantly differ between both sexes, whereas its tissue mineral density was significantly higher in Male mice on day 21, indicating more mature bone and slightly more rapid fracture healing. These results were confirmed by a significantly greater absolute bending stiffness of the fractured femurs of Male mice on day 21. On the molecular level, Male mice displayed increased active β-catenin expression in the fracture callus, whereas estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression was lower.

Conclusion

These results suggest that Male mice display more rapid fracture healing with more prominent cartilaginous callus formation. This might be due to the higher weight of Male mice, resulting in increased mechanical loading of the fracture. Furthermore, Male mice displayed significantly greater activation of osteoanabolic Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which might also contribute to more rapid bone regeneration.
Identification of a New Giant Emrbryo Allele, and Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis of Giant Embryo Development in Rice
Authors: Hu Zejun , Xiong Qiangqiang , Wang Kai , Zhang Lixia , Yan Ying , Cao Liming , Niu Fuan , Zhu Jinyan , Hu Jinlong , Wu Shujun
Published: August 2021

Rice embryos are rich in high-quality protein, lipid, vitamins and minerals, representing the most important nutritional part of brown rice. However, the molecular mechanism of rice embryo development is poorly understood. In this study, two rice cultivars with contrasting embryo size (the giant embryo cultivar Dapeimi and the normal embryo cultivar 187R) were used to explore excellent genes controlling embryo size, and the developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) (NIL-D, which has the giant embryo phenotype, and its matching line, NIL-X) were used to explore transcript and metabolic properties in the earlier maturation stage of giant embryo development under natural conditions. The map-based cloning results demonstrated that Dapeimi is a novel allelic mutant of the rice GIANT EMBRYO (GE) gene, and the functional mutation site is a single cytosine deletion in the exon1. A total of 285 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 677 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between NIL-D and NIL-X. The analysis of DAMs indicated that plants lacking GE mainly promoted energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism pathways in the rice embryo. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that 300 pairs of gene-metabolites were highly correlated. Among them, OsZS_02G0528500 and OsZS_12G0013700 were considered to be key genes regulating L-Aspartic acid and L-Tryptophan content during rice giant embryo development, which are promising to be good candidate genes to improve rice nutrition. By analyzing rice embryo development through a combination of strategies, this research contributes to a greater understanding of the molecular mechanism of rice embryo development, and provides a theoretical foundation for breeding high-nutrition varieties.
More Experience, Less Loneliness? Exploring the Effect of Experiential Purchases on the Alleviation of Loneliness
Authors: Yang Bingcheng , Yu Hongyan , Yu Yu
Published: August 2021

Over the past few decades, researchers have explored the effects of experiential purchases and material purchases on happiness and provided a range of evidence that consumers yield greater happiness from experiential purchases compared with material purchases. However, limited research is known about the relationship between these two types of purchases within the broader context of negative emotion. Specifically, the current research focuses on the effect of experiential purchases on loneliness alleviation to replenish this research stream. Three experiments were conducted to explore the effect of experiential purchases (vs. material purchases) on alleviating loneliness. The results showed that experiential purchases have a stronger effect on loneliness alleviation than material purchases, which is mediated by relationship enhancement. In addition, purchases of social nature moderate the effect of experiential purchases on loneliness. Social experiential purchases lead to a higher degree of relief of loneliness. On the contrary, for the solitary experiential purchases, the effect of experiential purchases on loneliness is less tight. The current research supplements the research on negative emotions of experiential purchases and expands the research area of experiential purchases, which also provides new insights into coping strategies of loneliness.
Good or Bad? The Ambivalent Leader-Follower Relationships
Authors: Zhao Qinglin , Zhou Wenxia
Published: August 2021

Researchers have emphasized the positive and negative influences of ambivalent leader-follower relationships, but it is not clear when the ambivalent relationship is associated with good or bad influences. To answer this question, we reviewed the definition and identified 10 different types of ambivalent leader-follower relationships. Further, we demonstrate that the negative outcomes (more inflexibility, disengagement, and worse performance) can be explained by the workplace stressor perspective, and that the positive outcomes (more flexibility, engagement, and better performance) can be explained by paradox view. Finally, drawing from conservation of resources (COR) theory, we integrate workplace stressor framework and the paradox view to address when the ambivalent leader-follower relationship is beneficial or detrimental for followers. We proposed that the degree of ambivalence, support from the third party, and integrative complexity of follower will influence the possible positive or negative influences. Limitations and future directions were also discussed.
Innovative Strategies of Training Mechanism of Higher Education for New Entrepreneurial Talents
Authors: Wei Fengyun
Published: August 2021

With the development of the social economy, more and more talents are required in economic construction and innovation. The study aims to cultivate new entrepreneurial talents and promote the overall development of new ventures. First, the entrepreneurial ability of new entrepreneurial talents is analyzed, and the feasibility of improving the entrepreneurial ability of new entrepreneurial talents is verified. Second, the architecture is designed for improving the entrepreneurial ability of new entrepreneurial talents. About 350 employees in 20 ventures in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province are randomly selected as the subjects for a questionnaire survey (QS). Three-fifty questionnaires are distributed and 300 are collected. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze the 300 valid questionnaires. Then, the relationship between the psychological states of new entrepreneurial talents and their entrepreneurial ability is explored, and the influencing factors in the development of new entrepreneurial talents are analyzed. The results show that the number of employees in most ventures is between 250 and 400 and the age of the employees in the tested new ventures is between 35 and 40. More than one-third of employees are managers and over 86% of them have a degree of bachelor or above. The scores of the scale of the psychological state of new entrepreneurs are high. This shows that most of the new entrepreneurs have a high educational level, strong motivation for entrepreneurial success, and great self-confidence, which are essential in the process of innovative training. Therefore, the talent training of new entrepreneurial talents should be based on a high educational level and focused on practice.
Creative Collaboration and Collaborative Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Barrett Margaret S. , Creech Andrea , Zhukov Katie
Published: August 2021

Studies of creativity emerging from cultural psychology and social psychology perspectives challenge individualist conceptions of creativity to argue that social interaction, communication, and collaboration are key elements in creativity. In recent work creative collaboration has been proposed to be “distributed” between audiences, materials, embodied actions, and the historico-socio-cultural affordances of the creative activity and environment, thus expanding the potentialities of creative collaboration beyond instances of direct human interaction and engagement. Music performance, improvisation and composition may be viewed as exemplary “laboratories” of creative collaboration through the combined elements of audiences, materials, embodied actions and historico-socio-cultural affordances and constraints. This article reports the findings of a systematic literature review of creative collaboration and collaborative creativity in music. We sought to identify what has been currently investigated in relation to these terms and concepts in music, with what methodologies and in what settings. Findings indicate that studies were undertaken in higher education, professional development and professional practice predominantly, leading to an emergent phenomenon of interest, collaborative creative learning. Musical genres were jazz, popular, western classical, contemporary and world musics across the musical processes of composing, improvising and performing. Studies in higher education and professional development settings focused on identifying those practices that supported learning rather than the nature of collaborative creative approaches or the outcomes of creative collaboration. Participants were primarily male, with small sample sizes. Methodologies were largely qualitative with an emphasis on case study using observation, interview and reflective diary methods. Further areas for research include: the investigation of gendered approaches to creative collaboration, collaborative creativity, and collaborative creative learning; the use of more diverse research methodologies and methods and techniques including large-scale quantitative studies and arts-based and arts-led approaches; and the investigation of more diverse music settings.
Evading the Entrepreneurship: A Study to Discover Implementable Online Approaches to Avoid Greenhouse Consequences
Authors: Feng Lian , Wenting Hu , Akhter Tazeem , Albasher Gadah , Aamir Alamzeb , Imran Asma
Published: August 2021

Greenhouse gases emissions due to climate change are a continuous threat to the global world, mainly relying on the pervasive consumption of numerous products, including synthetic and non-synthetic products. This research focused on the green purchase intentions of students in Pakistan towards different products, which are related to minimising the greenhouse effect and are available for sale on numerous e-commerce websites, ultimately proceeding to green entrepreneurship. The main objective of this study was to determine which methodology was better among product listing, social media advertising, and online virtual community to enhance customer online green purchase intention while considering online information about the greenhouse effect as a mediating variable. The AMOS 24 was used for this research. SEM was performed with the help of bootstrap methodology. The research was conducted on 280 students at different educational institutes in Pakistan, using a simple random sampling technique. A finding of this study suggested that all three methods positively impacted the green purchase intention of consumers and green entrepreneurship, but online virtual communities could be considered in a more effective way to enhance the green purchase intention of its targeted customers.
Using the Ball-in-Bowl Metaphor to Outline an Integrative Framework for Understanding Dysregulated Emotion
Authors: Nowak Ulrike , Wittkamp Martin F. , Clamor Annika , Lincoln Tania M.
Published: August 2021

Dysregulated emotion plays an important role for mental health problems. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, researchers have focused on the domains of strategy-based emotion regulation, psychophysiological self-regulation, emotion evaluations, and resulting emotion dynamics. So far, these four domains have been looked at in relative isolation from each other, and their reciprocal influences and interactive effects have seldom been considered. This domain-specific focus constrains the progress the field is able to make. Here, we aim to pave the way towards more cross-domain, integrative research focused on understanding the raised reciprocal influences and interactive effects of strategy-based emotion-regulation, psychophysiological self-regulation, emotion evaluations, and emotion dynamics. To this aim, we first summarize for each of these domains the most influential theoretical models, the research questions they have stimulated, and their strengths and weaknesses for research and clinical practice. We then introduce the metaphor of a ball in a bowl that we use as a basis for outlining an integrative framework of dysregulated emotion. We illustrate how such a framework can inspire new research on the reciprocal influences and interactions between the different domains of dysregulated emotion and how it can help to theoretically explain a broader array of findings, such as the high levels of negative affect in clinical populations that have not been fully accounted for by deficits in strategy-based emotion regulation and the positive long-term consequences of accepting and tolerating emotions. Finally, we show how it can facilitate individualized emotion regulation interventions that are tailored to the specific regulatory impairments of the individual patient.
What Can You Do With a Bachelor's in Public Health? A Case Study of Graduate Outcomes From the University of Hawai‘i
Authors: Nelson-Hurwitz Denise C. , Tagorda Michelle , Kehl Lisa , Patil Uday
Published: August 2021

Since the development of a Bachelor of Arts in public health, a common question among prospective students, faculty, and community members has been asked: “What will students do after graduation?” While national data on graduates are abundant, community inquiries sought more detailed profiles of local graduates. To address this need, data on 224 graduates of the Bachelors of Arts in Public Health (BAPH) degree at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa were collected through alumni outreach efforts and professional online profile searches. Data were compiled into a summary presentation and program “resume”. Findings indicated roughly 30% of BAPH graduates pursued graduate-level education and 43% were employed within a year of graduation. Employment in local NGOs and healthcare organizations was common, while bureaucratic challenges limited hiring at public agencies. A review of job titles suggested graduates were employed in program coordination or support staffing. Local program profiles, such as this one, complement national employment data. Moreover, these efforts may foster interest among prospective students and support from faculty, administrators, and employers.
Pragmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Qualitative Analysis of Human Resource Constraints in a Resource-Limited Country context—Ethiopia
Authors: Mussie Kirubel Manyazewal , Gradmann Christoph , Yimer Solomon Abebe , Manyazewal Tsegahun
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Existing evidence suggests that drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a huge public health threat in high-burden TB countries such as Ethiopia. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the challenges of healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in providing DR-TB care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 18 HCWs purposively selected from 10 healthcare facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We then transcribed the audiotaped interviews, and thematically analysed the transcripts using Braun and Clark’s reflexive thematic analysis framework.

Results: We identified five major themes: 1) inadequate training and provision of information on DR-TB to HCWs assigned to work in DR-TB services, 2) fear of DR-TB infection, 3) risk of contracting DR-TB, 4) a heavy workload, and 5) resource limitations.

Conclusion: Our findings highlight major human resource constraints that current DR-TB care policies need to foresee and accommodate. New evidence and best practices on what works in DR-TB care in such resource-limited countries are needed in order to address implementation gaps and to meet global TB strategies.
Construction and Interpretation of Production and Market Metrics Used to Understand Relationships with Dietary Diversity of Rural Smallholder Farming Households
Authors: Verger Eric O. , Gaillard Cédric , Jones Andrew D. , Remans Roseline , Kennedy Gina
Published: August 2021

Indicators of agricultural production diversity and market access and/or participation have often been used to try to understand how agricultural production and markets influence dietary diversity of rural smallholder households. Based on a standardized search strategy, 37 studies investigating the association between an indicator of agricultural production diversity and any indicator of dietary diversity were reviewed. The characteristics of the indicators of agricultural production diversity, as well as indicators of market access and/or participation, were assessed. This review demonstrated the wide range of indicators; four types and 14 subtypes of indicators of agricultural production diversity were found in the 37 studies, and three types and 14 subtypes of indicators of market access and/or participation were found in 25 studies. While diversity of measurement ideas allows flexibility, it precludes comparability with other studies and might make it difficult to build a robust body of evidence of the impact of agriculture at farm household level on food security, diet, and nutrition.
Impacts of Low Disturbance Liquid Dairy Manure Incorporation on Alfalfa Yield and Fluxes of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane
Authors: Sherman Jessica , Young Eric , Jokela William , Cavadini Jason
Published: August 2021

Surface applied liquid dairy manure application (i.e., broadcasting) after alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) harvest is a common practice. Low disturbance manure incorporation (LDMI) may offer multiple benefits including lower ammonia (NH3), greenhouse gas (GHG) and hydrologic nutrient losses compared to broadcast. However, few studies have simultaneously quantified LDMI impacts on alfalfa yield, NH3 and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We measured NH3, nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) fluxes for liquid dairy manure treatments applied to alfalfa plots for broadcast and LDMI over three seasons (2014 to 2016) in central Wisconsin, USA. There were minor differences in alfalfa yield and nitrogen (N) uptake across treatments and years. Shallow disk injection and aerator/band reduced NH3 loss by 95 and 52% of broadcast, respectively, however both substantially increased N2O fluxes (6 and 4.5 kg ha−1 year−1 versus 3.6 kg ha−1 year−1 for broadcast, respectively). The magnitude and timing of N2O fluxes were related to manure application and precipitation events. Average CH4 fluxes were similar among methods and increased with soil moisture after manure application. Results highlight the importance of quantitatively evaluating agri-environmental tradeoffs of LDMI versus broadcast manure application for dairy farms.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli in Dairy Calves: A 15-Year Retrospective Analysis and Comparison of Treated and Untreated Animals
Authors: Formenti Nicoletta , Martinelli Chiara , Vitale Nicoletta , Giovannini Stefano , Salogni Cristian , Tonni Matteo , Scali Federico , Birbes Laura , D’Incau Mario , Guarneri Flavia , Pasquali Paolo , Alborali Giovanni Loris
Published: August 2021

The health problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) involves several species. AMR surveillance is essential to identify its development and design control strategies; however, available data are still limited in some contexts. The AMR profiles of 2612 E. coli strains isolated over a period of 15 years (2002–2016) from calf enteric cases were analyzed to determine the presence of resistance and their temporal dynamics. Furthermore, the AMR profiles and the presence of the major virulence genes of 505 E. coli strains isolated from 1-week- and 2-week-old calves, 406 treated with antimicrobials and 99 untreated, were analyzed and compared to investigate the potential effects of treatment on AMR and strain pathogenicity. Resistance to tetracycline (90.70%) was the most common, followed by resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (77.70%) and flumequine (72.10%). The significantly higher percentage of AMR and virulence gene expression recorded in treated calves, combined with the statistically higher resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in E. coli with K99, corroborates the notion of resistance being induced by the frequent use of antimicrobials, leading to treatments potentially becoming ineffective. The significantly higher resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol in isolates from 1-week-old calves suggests the role of the environment as a source of contamination that should be investigated further.
Effect of a Trace Mineral Injection on Performance and Trace Mineral Status of Beef Cows and Calves
Authors: Willmore Carmen J. , Hall John B. , Drewnoski Mary E.
Published: August 2021

The objective was to determine the effects of an injectable trace mineral (TMI; Multimin 90) containing copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) on trace mineral status and the resulting impacts on reproduction of beef cows and the growth of their calves. Beef cows (n = 200) were assigned to receive TMI or no injection (CON) prior to calving and breeding over two consecutive years. Calves born to cows receiving TMI also received TMI at birth in both years and at 49 ± 1.3 days of age in year 1. The TMI increased (p = 0.01) liver Zn and tended (p = 0.06) to increase liver Cu concentrations. Short-lived effects of TMI on Se were observed. Liver Cu and Zn would have been considered adequate and Se marginal in the CON. Pregnancy due to artificial insemination and overall pregnancy rate did not differ (p ≥ 0.36) between treatments. Use of TMI did not increase calf pre-weaning gain. These data indicate that TMI does not improve the reproductive performance of beef cows with adequate trace mineral status or the pre-weaning performance of their calves.
Human-Dog Relationship during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy
Authors: d’Angelo Danila , Chirico Andrea , Sacchettino Luigi , Manunta Federica , Martucci Maurizio , Cestaro Anna , Avallone Luigi , Giordano Antonio , Ciani Francesca
Published: August 2021

The SARS-CoV2 pandemic forced an abrupt interruption of social contacts and interpersonal affective relationships all over the world, according to national directives. Many considerable inconveniences occurred with important repercussions also on the emotional state of people and their pets. We carried out a national survey to evaluate the human-dog relationship in a social isolation context using an adapted version of Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale, the perception of the dogs’ discomfort by their human owners, and the resilience of the dog through the quantification of symptoms, in time of the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results highlighted that the human-dog interaction was similar during quarantine; however, there was lower owner’s perception of a dog’s cost during the quarantine than before it.
Application of Non-Destructive Methods: Biomarker Assays in Blood of White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) Nestlings
Authors: Bjedov Dora , Mikuška Alma , Lackmann Carina , Begović Lidija , Mikuška Tibor , Velki Mirna
Published: August 2021

White stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings can provide quantitative information on the quality of the surrounding environment by indicating the presence of pollutants, as they depend on locally foraged food. This study represents the first comparison of biomarkers in two fractions of white stork nestling blood: plasma and S9 (the post-mitochondrial fraction). The aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as to establish a novel fluorescence-based method for glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection in plasma and S9. Considering the enzymatic biomarkers, lower variability in plasma was detected only for AChE, as CES, GST, and GR had lower variability in S9. Enzyme activity was higher in plasma for AChE, CES, and GST, while GR had higher activity in S9. Regarding the fluorescence-based method, lower variability was detected in plasma for GSH and ROS, although higher GSH detection was reported in S9, and higher ROS was detected in plasma. The present study indicated valuable differences by successfully establishing protocols for biomarker measurement in plasma and S9 based on variability, enzyme activity, and fluorescence. For a better understanding of the environmental effects on nestlings’ physiological condition, biomarkers can be measured in plasma and S9.