bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SLAE–CPS: Smart Lean Automation Engine Enabled by Cyber-Physical Systems Technologies
Authors: Ma Jing , Wang Qiang , Zhao Zhibiao
Published: June 2017

In the context of Industry 4.0, the demand for the mass production of highly customized products will lead to complex products and an increasing demand for production system flexibility. Simply implementing lean production-based human-centered production or high automation to improve system flexibility is insufficient. Currently, lean automation (Jidoka) that utilizes cyber-physical systems (CPS) is considered a cost-efficient and effective approach for improving system flexibility under shrinking global economic conditions. Therefore, a smart lean automation engine enabled by CPS technologies (SLAE–CPS), which is based on an analysis of Jidoka functions and the smart capacity of CPS technologies, is proposed in this study to provide an integrated and standardized approach to design and implement a CPS-based smart Jidoka system. A set of comprehensive architecture and standardized key technologies should be presented to achieve the above-mentioned goal. Therefore, a distributed architecture that joins service-oriented architecture, agent, function block (FB), cloud, and Internet of things is proposed to support the flexible configuration, deployment, and performance of SLAE–CPS. Then, several standardized key techniques are proposed under this architecture. The first one is for converting heterogeneous physical data into uniform services for subsequent abnormality analysis and detection. The second one is a set of Jidoka scene rules, which is abstracted based on the analysis of the operator, machine, material, quality, and other factors in different time dimensions. These Jidoka rules can support executive FBs in performing different Jidoka functions. Finally, supported by the integrated and standardized approach of our proposed engine, a case study is conducted to verify the current research results. The proposed SLAE–CPS can serve as an important reference value for combining the benefits of innovative technology and proper methodology.
A Force-Sensing System on Legs for Biomimetic Hexapod Robots Interacting with Unstructured Terrain
Authors: Zhang He , Wu Rui , Li Changle , Zang Xizhe , Zhang Xuehe , Jin Hongzhe , Zhao Jie
Published: June 2017

The tiger beetle can maintain its stability by controlling the interaction force between its legs and an unstructured terrain while it runs. The biomimetic hexapod robot mimics a tiger beetle, and a comprehensive force sensing system combined with certain algorithms can provide force information that can help the robot understand the unstructured terrain that it interacts with. This study introduces a complicated leg force sensing system for a hexapod robot that is the same for all six legs. First, the layout and configuration of sensing system are designed according to the structure and sizes of legs. Second, the joint toque sensors, 3-DOF foot-end force sensor and force information processing module are designed, and the force sensor performance parameters are tested by simulations and experiments. Moreover, a force sensing system is implemented within the robot control architecture. Finally, the experimental evaluation of the leg force sensor system on the hexapod robot is discussed and the performance of the leg force sensor system is verified.
Tuning Selectivity of Fluorescent Carbon Nanotube-Based Neurotransmitter Sensors
Authors: Mann Florian , Herrmann Niklas , Meyer Daniel , Kruss Sebastian
Published: June 2017

Detection of neurotransmitters is an analytical challenge and essential to understand neuronal networks in the brain and associated diseases. However, most methods do not provide sufficient spatial, temporal, or chemical resolution. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been used as building blocks for sensors/probes that detect catecholamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine. This approach provides a high spatial and temporal resolution, but it is not understood if these sensors are able to distinguish dopamine from similar catecholamine neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine or norepinephrine. In this work, the organic phase (DNA sequence) around SWCNTs was varied to create sensors with different selectivity and sensitivity for catecholamine neurotransmitters. Most DNA-functionalized SWCNTs responded to catecholamine neurotransmitters, but both dissociation constants (Kd) and limits of detection were highly dependent on functionalization (sequence). Kd values span a range of 2.3 nM (SWCNT-(GC)15 + norepinephrine) to 9.4 μM (SWCNT-(AT)15 + dopamine) and limits of detection are mostly in the single-digit nM regime. Additionally, sensors of different SWCNT chirality show different fluorescence increases. Moreover, certain sensors (e.g., SWCNT-(GT)10) distinguish between different catecholamines, such as dopamine and norepinephrine at low concentrations (50 nM). These results show that SWCNTs functionalized with certain DNA sequences are able to discriminate between catecholamine neurotransmitters or to detect them in the presence of interfering substances of similar structure. Such sensors will be useful to measure and study neurotransmitter signaling in complex biological settings.
Colorization-Based RGB-White Color Interpolation using Color Filter Array with Randomly Sampled Pattern
Authors: Oh Paul , Lee Sukho , Kang Moon
Published: June 2017

Recently, several RGB-White (RGBW) color filter arrays (CFAs) have been proposed, which have extra white (W) pixels in the filter array that are highly sensitive. Due to the high sensitivity, the W pixels have better SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) characteristics than other color pixels in the filter array, especially, in low light conditions. However, most of the RGBW CFAs are designed so that the acquired RGBW pattern image can be converted into the conventional Bayer pattern image, which is then again converted into the final color image by using conventional demosaicing methods, i.e., color interpolation techniques. In this paper, we propose a new RGBW color filter array based on a totally different color interpolation technique, the colorization algorithm. The colorization algorithm was initially proposed for colorizing a gray image into a color image using a small number of color seeds. Here, we adopt this algorithm as a color interpolation technique, so that the RGBW color filter array can be designed with a very large number of W pixels to make the most of the highly sensitive characteristics of the W channel. The resulting RGBW color filter array has a pattern with a large proportion of W pixels, while the small-numbered RGB pixels are randomly distributed over the array. The colorization algorithm makes it possible to reconstruct the colors from such a small number of RGB values. Due to the large proportion of W pixels, the reconstructed color image has a high SNR value, especially higher than those of conventional CFAs in low light condition. Experimental results show that many important information which are not perceived in color images reconstructed with conventional CFAs are perceived in the images reconstructed with the proposed method.
La « pacification » urbaine
Authors: Pacheco de Oliveira João
Published: June 2017

La police brésilienne intervient pour « pacifier » les favelas en marge des villes. Cette guerre contre la criminalité se justifie par les promesses d’amélioration des conditions de vie mais, comme la mise sous tutelle des indigènes, elle contribue à la marginalisation des populations.
Louis Figuier en Brasil: algunas consideraciones acerca de los vulgarizadores de las ciencias en el último cuarto del siglo XIX
Authors: Kodama Kaori
Published: June 2017

Este artículo pretende abordar aspectos de la historia de la divulgación científica en Brasil en el siglo XIX, a través del análisis de la circulación de algunas traducciones para el portugués de las obras del vulgarizador de la ciencia francés, Louis Figuier. Sus obras, que fueron traducidas para diversas lenguas, recibieron ediciones en Brasil y en Portugal a partir de fines de la década de 1860. En este período, ganaba terreno un modelo de divulgación de las ciencias que se alineaba con la idea de ampliación de conocimientos científicos, con énfasis en las ciencias aplicadas para no especialistas - clase trabajadora, mujeres y jovenes.
Sin embargo, ese modelo fue marcado igualmente por limitaciones y discontinuidades que reflejan cuestiones sociales de fondo, en el pasaje al siglo XX. Este trabajo pretende, destacar el papel de los traductores y editores, entendidos como mediadores de las ciencias, que tenían en vista proyectos cuyo principal enfoque era la educación.
Perception sociale des métiers de policier.ère et d’avocat.e chez des adolescent.e.s : quel impact sur leurs intentions d’orientation ?
Authors: Latour Elsa de Grenier de , Przygodzki-Lionet Nathalie , Bosscher Sabine de , Herbaj Jérôme , Salvador Bénédicte
Published: June 2017

Les représentations des métiers influencent les choix scolaires et professionnels. Afin de savoir comment le.la policier.ère et l’avocat.e sont perçu.e.s par les adolescent.e.s et dans quelle mesure leur perception impacte leurs intentions d’orientation, une étude a été menée auprès de collégien.ne.s. Elle montre d’une part que les portraits de ces praticien.ne.s du droit présentent à la fois des convergences et des divergences, d’autre part que l’attrait pour une profession ne suffit pas à déterminer une orientation vers celle-ci. Les résultats obtenus permettent d’envisager de nouvelles pistes de recherches et d’actions en milieu scolaire.
Les forums Internet comme espaces de discussion entre adolescent.e.s sur l’orientation scolaire : vers la construction d’une contre-expertise ?
Authors: Gauducheau Nadia , Marcoccia Michel
Published: June 2017

Cet article porte sur le partage de savoirs sur l’orientation scolaire entre adolescent.e.s dans les forums Internet. Il s’agit d’identifier la nature de l’aide recherchée par les adolescent.e.s dans ces forums et de mettre en évidence les discours et représentations qui apparaissent. Le corpus étudié est un ensemble de discussions menées dans le forum Ados.fr dans la rubrique « Orientation ». Les résultats montrent l’importance de la recherche de soutien social et de comparaison sociale. Ils mettent en avant une forme originale « d’expertise profane » des adolescent.e.s à propos de l’orientation, qui est dialogique, argumentative et basée sur l’expérience.
Human milk: composition and health benefits
Authors: Mosca Fabio , Giannì Maria Lorella
Published: June 2017

Breastfeeding is widely acknowledged as the normal and unequalled method for feeding infants due to its associated health benefits, both for the infant and the mother. The World Health Organization recommends that infants are exclusively breastfed up to the completion of six months of age, with  breastfeeding continuing to be an important part of the diet until the infant is at least two years old. The several health benefits associated with breastfeeding are driven by the combined action of the nutritional and bioactive components in human milk and the magnitude of the majority of the ascertained biological effects is directly dependent on breastfeeding duration.

This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge on the composition of human milk and provides an overview on its functional effects on health outcomes, focusing on the latest research results.

 
Enteral nutrition for preterm infants: by bolus or continuous? An update
Authors: Bozzetti Valentina , Tagliabue Paolo E.
Published: June 2017

Optimization of nutritional management of preterm infants is crucial for achievement of their long-term health. Enteral nutrition is preferred to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) because the former avoids complications related to vascular catheterization, sepsis, adverse effects of TPN, and fasting. Due to the lack of ability of preterm infants to coordinate suckling, swallowing, and breathing, tube feeding is necessary for most infants less than 1500 g to ensure sufficient feeding tolerance, to support optimal growth and to reduce the risk of aspiration. Therefore, feeding by orogastric or nasogastric tube using either continuous or intermittent bolus delivery of formula or human milk is common practice for these infants. Theoretical risks and benefits of both continuous nasogastric milk feeding and intermittent bolus milk feeding have been proposed. According to the literature, continuous nutrition could be preferred in smaller infants (as those with a birthweight below 1250 g) or hemodynamically impaired infants; in stable growing infants nutrition can be administered intermittently as in healthy term infants.
Thorax Computed Tomography Findings in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Resorlu Mustafa , Arslan Muhammet , Karatag Ozan , Adam Gurhan
Published: June 2017

Objective:

Diabetes mellitus, smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity play an important role in the etiology of erectile dysfunction, particularly in cases with vascular insufficiency. These risk factors also target the lungs due to their systemic effects.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with penile vascular insufficiency determined at Doppler ultrasonography and undergoing thoracic computerized tomography for various reasons were included in this study. A history of acute thoracic trauma, pneumonic consolidation, or pelvic surgery and trauma were regarded as exclusion criteria.

Results:

Thirty-seven male patients with identified vascular insufficiency (age 54.48 ± 13.62 years) were enrolled. Mass lesions with a malignant morphology were present in two patients. The most common mediastinal/vascular pathology was atherosclerosis, while the most common parenchymal lesion was emphysematous aeration. Other findings included parenchymal fibrotic bands, atelectasis, interstitial thickening, bronchiectasis, air trapping, aortic aneurysm, a dilated pulmonary artery, hiatal hernia, and pericardial effusion.

Conclusion:

Erectile dysfunction may be an early sign of cardiovascular diseases. Care must be taken in terms of existing or potential pulmonary pathologies in these patients due to their sharing common risk factors with systemic effects.
Enhanced toxicity of aerosol in fog conditions in the Po Valley, Italy
Authors: Decesari Stefano , Sowlat Mohammad Hossein , Hasheminassab Sina , Sandrini Silvia , Gilardoni Stefania , Facchini Maria Cristina , Fuzzi Sandro , Sioutas Constantinos
Published: June 2017

Abstract. While numerous studies have demonstrated the association between outdoor exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and adverse health effects, the actual chemical species responsible for PM toxicological properties remain a subject of investigation. We provide here reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity data for PM samples collected at a rural site in the Po Valley, Italy, during the fog season (i.e., November–March). We show that the intrinsic ROS activity of Po Valley PM, which is mainly composed of biomass burning and secondary aerosols, is comparable to that of traffic-related particles in urban areas. The airborne concentration of PM components responsible for the ROS activity decreases in fog conditions, when water-soluble species are scavenged within the droplets. Due to this partitioning effect of fog, the measured ROS activity of fog water was contributed mainly by water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and secondary inorganic ions rather than by transition metals. We found that the intrinsic ROS activity of fog droplets is even greater (> 2.5 times) than that of the PM on which droplets are formed, indicating that redox-active compounds are not only scavenged from the particulate phase, but are also produced within the droplets. Therefore, even if fog formation exerts a scavenging effect on PM mass and redox-active compounds, the aqueous-phase formation of reactive secondary organic compounds can eventually enhance ROS activity of PM when fog evaporates. These findings, based on a case study during a field campaign in November 2015, indicate that a significant portion of airborne toxicity in the Po Valley is largely produced by environmental conditions (fog formation and fog processing) and not simply by the emission and transport of pollutants.
Air stagnation in China (1985–2014): climatological mean features and trends
Authors: Huang Qianqian , Cai Xuhui , Song Yu , Zhu Tong
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Air stagnation is an important meteorological measure of unfavorable air pollution conditions, but little is known about it in China. We conducted a comprehensive investigation of air stagnation in China from January 1985 to December 2014 based on sounding and surface observations from 81 stations. The stagnation criteria were revised to account for the large topographical diversity in the country. It is found that the annual mean of air stagnation occurrences is closely related to general topography and climate features. Two basins in the northwest and southwest of China, the Tarim and Sichuan basins, exhibit the most frequent stagnation occurrence (50 % of days per year), whereas two plateaus (the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the Inner Mongolian plateau) and the eastern coastal areas experience the least (20 % of days per year). Over the whole country, air stagnation is at a maximum in summer and a minimum in winter, except for Urumchi, a major city in northwestern China where stagnation maintains a rather constant value year round with a minimum in spring. There is a nationwide positive trend in stagnation occurrence during 1985–2014, with the strongest increasing centers over Shandong Peninsula in eastern China and southern Shaanxi in central China. Changes in air stagnation occurrences are dependent on three components (upper- and lower-air winds and precipitation-free days). This shows that the behavior of upper-air wind speeds is the main driver of the spatial distribution and trends in air stagnation, followed by near-surface winds and dry days, which contribute the least.
Development of a parallel robotic system for transperineal biopsy of the prostate
Authors: Pisla Doina , Tucan Paul , Gherman Bogdan , Crisan Nicolae , Andras Iulia , Vaida Calin , Plitea Nicolae
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Prostate cancer is the second deadliest form of cancer, even though it is less invasive and easily curable in early stages, due to the lack of an efficient and accurate diagnosis strategy. To date, the standard diagnosis procedure involves a blind biopsy with a high rate of false negative results. In order to overcome these limitations, the paper proposes the development of a novel parallel robotic structure for transperineal prostate biopsy that enables an accurate diagnosis through ultrasound-guided targeted tissue sampling. The robotic system consists of two parallel modules, each with 5 degrees of freedom (DOFs): one module guiding the transrectal ultrasound probe (TRUS) and the other guiding the biopsy gun. The two modules are designed to work together in order to help the physician with the tissue sampling of the prostate. The singular configurations of both robotic modules are analyzed and solutions for avoiding them are provided. The experimental model of the robotic structure is described along with the initial test results, which evaluate the robot accuracy for several medically relevant sets of coordinates.
La intensificación de la competencia en la globalización y sus efec-tos sobre la geoeconomía
Authors: Palomo Garrido Aleksandro
Published: June 2017

El texto aborda la intensificación de la competencia entre los diferentes actores económicos del sistema internacional que se ha producido en la Globalización y sus correspondientes efectos sobre la geoeconomía. La expansión del comercio global se tradujo en una carrera competitiva entre los diferentes actores por hacerse con mayores cuotas de mercado. Mientras el mercado global se expandió hubo sitio para todos, pero cuando las sucesivas crisis económicas recortaron las posibilidades aumentó, entonces, la intensificación de la competencia por mantener los huecos de mercado. Algo similar ocurrió con el acceso a las, cada vez más escasas, materias primas. Por tanto, la intensificación de la competencia se traduce en un reparto de los mercados bajo creciente presión que tensa las relaciones entre los diferentes actores.
La construcción conceptual en los procesos de delimitación y de fronterización: la región platina de Sudamérica (siglos XIX y XX)
Authors: Benedetti Alejandro
Published: June 2017

El artículo toma como objeto la región platina, formada a partir de la cuenca del río de la Plata, involucrando a cinco Estados nacionales sudamericanos: la Argentina, el Brasil, Bolivia, el Paraguay y el Uruguay. Se propone reconstruir a grandes trazos el proceso de delimitación acontecido en esta región. Asimismo, busca identificar y sistematizar las principales iniciativas que llevaron a la formación de dispositivos fronterizos unilaterales y bilaterales. Se trabajó principalmente con legislación generada en esos países (leyes, constituciones) y entre ellos (acuerdos, protocolos). Se trabajará con dos nociones: delimitación y fronterización. Se logra reconstruir buena parte del sistema fronterizo regional, que permitió diferenciar los territorios, a la vez que acercarlos y mantener ciertos equilibrios de poder, a pesar de las asimetrías y las rivalidades existentes a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX.
Episteme y geografías imaginarias del terror climático: la necesidad de la geopolítica crítica para analizar el cambio climático
Authors: Tamashiro Diana
Published: June 2017

Sanjay Chaturvedi y Timothy Doyle (2015) Climate terror: a critical geopolitics of climate change. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. 247 pp. ISBN 978-0-230-00217-3.
Literature Review on Leadership in Healthcare Management
Authors: Chatterjee Rashmi , Suy Rathny , Yen Yat , Chhay Leaksmy
Published: June 2017

Health care organization is a complicated network of numerous professional groups, departments and specialists. A change is needed in order to enhance the service quality as well as the organizational performance in the health care system. However, it is difficult for most of the health care organizations to innovate; specifically in terms of managerial system and culture. A leader can act as a catalyst for achieving the effective change to remain successful in an ever changing, competitive environment. A crucial leadership gap exists in the current health care system. Numerous theories, cases, and models have influenced the current leadership strategies that can be connected to the healthcare setting. This review provides the impact of different leadership styles in organizational performances in health care management.
Conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas do município de Capão da Canoa sobre o atendimento a pacientes oncológicos
Authors: Zanini Luara , Braz Marcylene Arruda , Larentis Naiara Leites , Vinholes Julia Itzel Acosta Moreno
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: avaliar, por meio de um questionário, o nível de conhecimento do cirurgião-dentista sobre o atendimento a pacientes oncológicos. Sujeitos e método: foram distribuídos 51 questionários no município de
Capão da Canoa, RS, sendo que 23 foram respondidos. Resultados: a maioria dos profissionais usa clorexidina 0,12% como antisséptico bucal durante o atendimento a pacientes em tratamento de quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia, e não faria exodontia de terceiros molares e dentes parcialmente erupcionados nesses pacientes. Ainda, 52,17% não indicariam colocação de implantes após a terapia radioterápica, os demais indicariam, no mínimo, após um ano do tratamento. Para a realização de exodontias e evitar a osteorradionecrose, 21,73%
só fariam após 6 meses, 39,13% após 1 ano e o restante após 3 anos ou mais. Para infecções fúngicas, o medicamento mais apontado foi a Nistatina. No caso de infecções virais, a maioria não respondeu. Dos entrevistados, 43,47% não saberiam fazer o diagnóstico de mucosite, já quanto ao seu tratamento, a maioria não respondeu. A xerostomia foi a complicação bucal mais apontada entre os problemas que esses pacientes podem apresentar, sendo as infecções também bastante
citadas. Para que essas alterações possam ser diagnosticadas precocemente e se saiba como agir durante o tratamento dos pacientes oncológicos, os entrevistados responderam que é necessário verificar as condições bucais do paciente antes do início do tratamento radioterápico
e fazer contato com o médico responsável para saber do estado de saúde geral do paciente. Conclusão: muitos dentistas ainda têm dúvidas sobre o atendimento a pacientes oncológicos, não sabendo realizar um protocolo para o atendimento desses.
Tropical Moisture Exports, Extreme Precipitation and Floods in Northeastern US
Authors: Lu Mengqian , Lall Upmanu
Published: June 2017

A statistically and physically based framework is put forward to investigate the relationship between Tropical Moisture Exports (TMEs), extreme precipitation and floods in the Northeastern United States (NE-US). We found that the NE-US floods in the four seasons are closely related to TMEs and four major moisture sources of TMEs in the tropics account for approximately 85% of all the TMEs that enter the NE-US. The seasonality and interannual variation of the birth processes in the four source regions determine their contribution to the NE-US. Moisture born in Gulf of Mexico (GP) and Gulf stream (GS) are the year-around sources, with some winter contribution from Pineapple Express (PE) region, and West Pacific (WP) region contributes the least. The overall order of their contribution to NE-US is GP>GS>PE>WP. Seasonal association between TMEs birth and ENSO are also found. The seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric circulation patterns also play an important role in determining the TMEs’ entrance to NE-US. Strong influence of active TMEs periods on the occurrence of extreme rainfall is also identified. We show that the extreme daily precipitation events are dominated by extreme TMEs’ entering the NE-US in every season.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol. 9, No. 1
Authors: Luo Lesley
Published: June 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol. 9, No. 1
Electrocoagulation of whey acids: anode and cathode materials, electroactive area and polarization curves
Authors: Prieto Garcia Francisco , Callejas Hernandez Judith , Prieto Mendez Judith , Marmolejo Santillan Yolanda
Published: June 2017

Anode (Al and Fe) and cathode (graphite and Ti/RuO2) materials have been tested for electrocoagulation (EC) and purification of the acid whey. The electroactive areas (EA) of electrodes were calculated by the double layer capacitance method. Experiments were performed by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and polarization experiments. Among cathodic materials, the Ti/RuO2 electrode showed higher EA (2167 cm2) than graphite (1560 cm2). The Fe anode was found more stable than Al with greater charge transfer carried out in less time. Correlation of these results with those obtained during preliminary tests confirmed high removals (79 %) in 8 h. For the Al electrode, 24 h were required to achieve efficiency of 49 %.
Differing attitudes for various population groups towards homeless people
Authors: Krajewska-Kułak E. , Wejda U. , Kułak-Bejda A. , Łukaszuk C. , Repka B. , Guzowski A. , Cybulski M. , Stelcer B. , Jasiński M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction: People who are homeless are most often unable to acquire and maintain regular, safe, secure, and adequate housing, or they lack a “fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence”. Purpose: To assess the attitude of secondaryschool students, high-school students, university students, and working adults towards homeless people. Materials and methods: A survey of 420 randomly selected middle school students (n=120), high school students (n=100), university students (n=100), and working adults (n=100) was conducted. Nearly half of the participants reported a fear of homeless people. Results: According to the majority of respondents, a homeless person collects scrap metal and waste paper, and also begs. The first words that come to mind when a majority of people think of the homeless were: poor, unhappy, dirty, lonely, and smelly. The participants reported the main reasons for homelessness to be: joblessness, family problems, alcohol, helplessness, and avoiding work. The majority of respondents argued that social and legal problems are the main reasons that it is difficult for homeless people to extricate themselves from their situation. The groups surveyed had a variety of opinions about homelessness. According to most respondents, a homeless person is a poor, miserable, lonely, childless man with a vocational education who begs, collects scrap metal and waste paper, and is also usually dirty and smelly. Conclusions: In the survey groups, respondents’ opinions about homelessness varied.
The assessment of empathic understanding and control of emotions in parents of children with autism
Authors: Ślifirczyk A. , Krajewska-Kułak E. , Brayer A. , Sobolewski M. , Maciorkowska E.
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Problems of families with autism are generally not visible or manifested, but without support, they become economically and educationally inefficient. Purpose: To assess the degree of empathic understanding of the child and the degree of emotional control by parents. Materials and methods: The study included 30 families from Poland, 25 from Belarus and 28 from France. We used Empathy Understanding Others questionnaire (KRE) and The Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS). Results: The most common difficulty reported in the care of a child was gaining his/her independence (66.7% in Poland, 84% in Belarus, 78.6% in France). Parents from Poland more often (26.7%) than others (12% in Belarus, 3.6% in France) pointed out that the disability of a child caused that their friends turned their back to them. 40% of parents from Poland, 60% from Belarus and 57.1% from France claimed that the spouses accept the disability of the child. The disability induced in parents mainly fatigue (76.7% from Poland, 44% from Belarus, 71.4% from France). The level of empathy in Polish (64.2 ± 6.2) and French parents (64.8 ± 11.6) was almost identical, and the highest was among Belarusian parents (70.3 ± 8.3). Overall rate of CECS of the surveyed parents was at the average level (from Poland 47.4 ± 4.9; from Belarus 44.8 ± 6.1, from France 48.1 ± 6.0). Conclusions: Nurses evaluated their own preparation for educational activities usually very low. In the majority they would not want to take up the difficult role of educators of parents of autistic children. Due to a potential contact of a nurse with a child with autism and the child’s family, it is advisable to extend the knowledge of nurses in the care of a child with autism.
Existing well known and new psychoactive illicit drugs with a broad ranging hazardous potential. A detailed report on one’s experiences
Authors: Brack J
Published: June 2017

Regarding the prevalence of illicit psychoactive drugs about one third of the adults in Germany are experienced with such kind of drugs. Consumption of classical illegal drugs like heroin and cocaine seems to be unchanged. This article focuses essentially on ‘natural and synthetic drugs’ with respect to (i) injecting drug users (IDU) with the potential of spreading blood borne infections such as, e.g., HBV, HCV and HIV and (ii) people actively participating in sexual exposure settings where psychotropic drugs are concomitantly used. Entactogenic [1,2] drugs are also in demand in these settings especially for sexual stimulation. The addressed issues are to highlight the complexity of the misuse of illicit psychotropic drugs in Germany, and then both targeting directly the individual, temporally limited as well as permanently following hazards of health; furthermore, the indirect consequences are the increasing spread of STIs (sexually transmitted infections) that poses the next relevant issues for public health and social importance. The drugs discussed here are no longer restricted to the most-atrisk populations [3] but have been expanded to include the general population
Private Governance, State Regulation and Employment Standards: How Political Factors Shape their Nexus in Australian Horticulture
Authors: Underhill Elsa , Rimmer Malcolm
Published: June 2017

The global weakness of collective bargaining and state regulation has spawned growing interest in employment protection though private governance. However, scepticism about the efficacy of unsupervised codes of conduct has triggered debate about external discipline through state regulation. This article seeks to contribute to debates about the processes that shape the nexus between private governance and state regulation.

It is based on an empirical study of Australian harvest workers who formally benefit from state regulation of pay and occupational health and safety (OHS). However, industry changes have undercut standards. Product market pressures from supermarkets squeeze growers’ capacity to pay. Also, the labour market is increasingly supplied by vulnerable Asian temporary migrants (including undocumented workers), often supplied to growers by unscrupulous temporary work agencies. While pay and OHS practices vary, many harvest workers are exploited. Nor is private governance (which extends to horticulture through the codes of conduct of supermarkets and peak temporary work agency bodies) effective. All codes draw their standards from minimum legal employment conditions, and all possess loopholes allowing breaches to escape attention and rectification.

In 2015, media and political attention fell on the working conditions of temporary migrants in horticulture. Government inquiries found evidence of exploitation, but were divided over solutions. Progressive politicians (influenced by unions) favoured stronger state enforcement powers and temporary work agency licensing. Conservative politicians (influenced by business lobbies) claimed these steps would fail, and favoured the status quo. Political reform therefore stalled.

This study illustrates the importance of political processes in shaping the nexus between state regulation and private governance. In this case, a political stalemate leaves both regulation and governance deficient. Lacking protection from either source, harvest workers remain exposed to exploitative employment conditions.
Protection for Migrant Workers under Evolving Occupational Health and Safety Regimes in China
Authors: Li Mankui
Published: June 2017

Migrant workers in China are a distinctive group due to the existence of the hukou system under which they continue to face restrictions on housing, education, and health care in urban areas. The equal employment legislation does not solve the discrimination problems. Compared with their urban counterparts, migrant workers are more vulnerable, in terms of both precarity of employment and the occupational hazards that they are exposed to, and badly need OHS protection. Any weakness of OHS regime will have a disproportionately adverse effect on migrant workers.

China’s OHS regime has been through constant evolution. The old prevention structure, which separated occupational health from occupational safety, was proved to be less effective in protecting migrant workers. In recognition of its deficiencies, China’s top legislature made adjustments to the OHS legal framework by enacting and updating a series of laws. The new prevention structure, unifying the occupational health administration and the occupational safety administration, represents a step forward in terms of OHS protection for migrant workers.

According to worker citizenship theory, China’s OHS regime can be categorized as a direct state regulation model. It carries with it both the strengths and weaknesses of direct state regulation models. On the participation rights dimension, the lack of consultative joint OHS committees and the lack of effective collective bargaining shut migrant workers out from the decision-making process on OHS matters. On the social rights dimension, the gendered and aged-based approach becomes a hindrance for female migrant workers and young migrant workers. Furthermore, levels of enforcement vary considerably across different periods and areas, subject to the ever-changing priorities on the government’s agenda. Migrant workers are still facing tremendous obstacles and challenges in obtaining access to adequate protection under the current OHS regime in China. Future reform measures should focus on delivering OHS protection for migrant workers in the informal sector, strengthening participation, and centralizing OHS administration, especially enforcement.
Workplace Death at Sea: Chinese Surviving Families’ Experiences of Compensation Claims
Authors: Shan Desai
Published: June 2017

Seafaring remains one of the most adventurous yet dangerous forms of work. Compared to shore-based industrial workers, seafarers suffer a risk of fatality that is up to 11 times higher. Workplace fatality is proved to be harmful to the social, financial and health conditions of surviving families. Although there has been an increase in attention given to the improvement of seafarers’ health and working conditions at sea, the effects of death at sea on surviving families has remained neglected by both researchers and policymakers.

Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted with eight surviving family members in 2013 and 2014, this study investigates seafarers’ surviving families’ experiences of raising death compensation claims in China, which has the world’s largest population of seafarers. The work-related fatalities occurred between 2005 and 2013. At the time of the study, 2.4 years had elapsed on average since the deaths took place. All research participants reported considerable difficulties in communicating with crewing agencies and contacting ship owners when making compensation claims.

This study shows that surviving families are in a vulnerable position when in conflict with companies. It also reveals that weak state prevention forces surviving families to defend their rights through protests. The absence of regulation over organizations involved in foreign-related employment relationships exacerbates the economic loss and mental harm suffered by surviving families following the occurrence of workplace fatalities. Furthermore, current legal and administrative procedures are unable to restore justice and provide therapeutic help for surviving families. Consequently, surviving families have suffered considerable financial loss and additional psychological harm in claim processes.
Une typologie de la comorbidité en santé mentale au travail : résultats de l’étude SALVEO
Authors: Dansereau Véronique , Beauregard Nancy , Marchand Alain , Durand Pierre
Published: June 2017

But Cette étude s’intéresse à la comorbidité en santé mentale au travail. Précisément, des liens concomitants entre l’épuisement professionnel (cynisme, épuisement émotionnel, inefficacité professionnelle) et la consommation de substances psychoactives (consommation d’alcool épisodique excessive, consommation hebdomadaire à risque d’alcool, consommation de médicaments psychotropes) sont examinés.

Méthodes L’étude s’appuie sur des données transversales provenant de l’enquête SALVEO composée de 1966 travailleurs de la province du Québec, Canada. Des analyses en classes latentes ont été utilisées afin de dégager des profils types correspondant à des formes distinctes de comorbidité de santé mentale au travail. Des régressions multinomiales logistiques ont été effectuées sur les profils types en considérant des covariables issues de l’environnement de travail et hors travail, ainsi que des caractéristiques individuelles des travailleurs.

Résultats Quatre profils types ont été identifiés : 1– « Épuisement professionnel sévère et consommation de médicaments psychotropes » ; 2– « Consommation d’alcool à risque et cynisme » ; 3– « Épuisement émotionnel et inefficacité professionnelle » ; et 4– « État relativement sain ». Comparativement à tous les profils types observés, celui associé au profil type « Épuisement professionnel sévère et consommation de médicaments psychotropes » présente le plus grand nombre de facteurs de risque cumulés (environnementaux, individuels).

Conclusion La comorbidité en santé mentale au travail existe dans les milieux de travail québécois. La sévérité des différentes formes de comorbidité identifiées tend à refléter un effet cumulé de caractéristiques néfastes de l’environnement de travail et hors travail ainsi que des caractéristiques individuelles des travailleurs.
El totus orbis y el ius gentium en Francisco de Vitoria: el equilibrio entre tradición e innovación | Totus orbis and ius gentium in Francisco de Vitoria: the balance between tradition and innovation
Authors: Fernandez Ruiz-Galvez Encarnacion
Published: June 2017

Resumen: El artículo examina dos conceptos centrales en la doctrina internacional de Vitoria: la idea de orbe como comunidad universal de todos los hombres y de todos los pueblos unidos por el vínculo de la común naturaleza humana, y el ius gentium como Derecho universal de la humanidad que rige en todo el orbe. El trabajo destaca el equilibrio entre tradición (universalismo cosmopolita de raíces estoicas y cristianas y iusnaturalismo clásico) e innovación (ideas de derechos naturales, de igualdad e independencia de todos los pueblos y concepción de la comunidad internacional como una comunidad jurídica) y la antropología no individualista que subyace a la doctrina internacional de Vitoria.  Abstract: The article analyzes two central concepts in the international doctrine of Vitoria: the idea of the orb as a universal community of all human beings and of all peoples united by the bond of common human nature, and ius gentium as the universal law of humanity rules around the world. The work highlights the balance between tradition (cosmopolitan universalism of Stoic and Christian roots and classical natural ius) and innovation (ideas of natural rights, equality and independence of all peoples and conception of the international community as a legal community) and the non-individualistic anthropology that underlies the international doctrine of Vitoria.
La apropiación del dominio público y las posibilidades de acceso a los bienes culturales | The appropriation of the public domain and the possibilities of access to cultural goods
Authors: Ramos Toledano Joan
Published: June 2017

Resumen: Las normas de propiedad intelectual y copyright prevén un periodo de protección otorgando unos derechos económicos exclusivos y temporales. Pasado un plazo determinado, las obras protegidas entran en lo que se denomina dominio público. Éste suele ser considerado como el momento en el que los bienes culturales pasan a estar bajo el dominio y control de la sociedad en conjunto. El presente trabajo pretende argumentar que, dado nuestro actual sistema económico, en realidad el dominio público funciona más como una posibilidad de negocio para determinadas empresas que como una verdadera opción para que el público pueda acceder a las obras. Abstract: The legislation of continental intellectual property and copyright provide for a period of protection granting exclusive and temporary economic rights. After a certain period, protected works enter into what is called the public domain. This is often considered as the moment in which the cultural goods come under the control and domain of society as a whole. The present paper pretends to argue that, given our current economic system, the public domain actually functions more as a business opportunity for certain companies than as a real option for the public to access artistic and intellectual works.
“NA ORLA NEGRA DO SEU NEGRO MANTO...” A INTERPRETAÇÃO DAS CORES EM "A RUA DOS CATAVENTOS", DE MARIO QUINTANA
Authors: Menegotto Roberto Rossi , Arendt João Claudio
Published: June 2017

No presente artigo, abordamos a presença das cores no livro A Rua dos Cataventos, livro de estreia de Mario Quintana. A partir da exposição da importância das tonalidades como portadoras de função estética, analisamos nove sonetos em que elas são mencionadas e interpretamos o que suas significações podem implicar para a experiência do eu-lírico. O amparo bibliográfico buscado é multidisciplinar, sendo oriundo de Estudos Literários, Comunicação Social e Artes Visuais, com autores como Heller (2013), Farina (1990), Chevalier e Gheerbrant (1999), Mukarovsky (1988) e Bordini (2006).
CASTILHO E A EMPRESA "REVISTA UNIVERSAL LISBONENSE"
Authors: Da Cruz Eduardo
Published: June 2017

Pretende-se analisar o papel do poeta António Feliciano de Castilho (1800-1875) como redator da Revista Universal Lisbonense a partir de seus editoriais, mudanças na publicação e correspondência com alguns colaboradores. Apesar do apagamento de seu nome na história da literatura portuguesa, o valor dessa publicação no campo literário português do romantismo passou incólume, graças às ações que esse escritor desempenhou para firmar esse título como marco cultural.
CAMPO O LITERÁRIO EM CONVERGÊNCIA: PROBLEMAS DOS LIMITES E DAS DEFINIÇÕES DA ARTE LITERÁRIA NO CONTEXTO CONVERGENCIAL
Authors: Andrade Mario Lousada de
Published: June 2017

O conceito de campo literário, tal como apresentado por Pierre Bourdieu (1996), tem sido comumente recuperado pelas correntes da Estética da Recepção e da Sociologia da Literatura para o mapeamento de um campo literário específico, atuando como um campo efetivo de consolidação de autores e obras legitimamente reconhecidos como literários. A definição de campo literário, segundo Bourdieu (1996), contempla um espaço formado por literatos – contistas, poetas, romancistas e dramaturgos – que exercem relações entre si e com o campo de poder. O presente trabalho, propõe uma nova compreensão para este conceito, levando em consideração o atual cenário cibercultural e convergencial, tal como apresentados por Pierre Lévy (1999) e Henry Jenkins (2009). A proposta parte da hipótese de que as novas formas ficcionais, originadas nesse contexto, são objetos autênticos e, ao serem inseridas como objetos de estudo no campo literário, devem ser pensadas não simplesmente como suportes para levar o indivíduo a chegar na leitura literária, mas sim pensadas, a priori, como produtos dotados de cargas significativas – poética e ideologicamente – que atualizam o conceito de leitura ficcional.
O LATIM EM MARCAS E RÓTULOS COMERCIAIS: ANÁLISE DA UTILIDADE DE DETERMINADOS VOCÁBULOS
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Soares de
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho objetiva a análise de marcas e rótulos comerciais como forma de identificar o uso da Língua Latina, isto é, demonstrar que, apesar de não ser falada por um povo na atualidade, essa língua sobrevive por meio de vocábulos empregados funcionalmente. Selecionou-se, para tanto, um corpus misto e aleatório composto por dez marcas de produtos diversos nomeados por palavras latinas, as quais se pretende explicar com base na gramática desse idioma. Com isso, tenciona-se a promoção de uma análise comprobatória de que, em alguns casos, a Língua Latina não se limita a vestígios e traços históricos, sendo utilizada plenamente na contemporaneidade.