bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Realms of Abandonment: Measures and Interpretations of Landscape Value/Risk in Northern Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Monsù Scolaro Antonello , Cappello Cheren
Published: June 2023

This contribution is part of the context of studies on the prospects of eco-oriented territorial rebalancing involving the settlement networks of inland areas. These are characterised by the contrast between socio-territorial disadvantage issues and opportunities to reuse physical resources within the broader framework of territorial regeneration and the revitalisation of local identities. In Italy, the region of Sardinia represents one of the most suitable operational contexts for the study of this relationship due to the presence of a natural context that dominates the urbanised areas and a deep, and in some ways still intact, cultural identity. Between nature and culture lies the issue of urban settlement structures, which are progressively being emptied due to depopulation and abandonment, and which require responses to revitalise territories integrated with the now inescapable ecological–environmental needs. This study proposes the formation of an initial platform of indicators to describe the effects of land abandonment through a multidimensional approach to highlight the potentials and weaknesses of the natural, urban, and socio-cultural heritage. The scale of observation and comparison concerns urban centres and small towns in the province of Sassari in the Region of Sardinia (Italy). The creation of an integrated set of maps highlighting deficiencies, vocations, and unexpressed potentials are the first results of the observation methodology adopted; these residual potentials can be used to design possible redevelopment and regeneration strategies based on the specific vocations of territories and urban settlements.
Methoxylated Cinnamic Esters with Antiproliferative and Antimetastatic Effects on Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Sampaio João Graciano , Pressete Carolina Girotto , Costa Adilson Vidal , Martins Felipe Terra , de Almeida Lima Graziela Domingues , Ionta Marisa , Teixeira Róbson Ricardo
Published: June 2023

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and malignant melanomas are highly lethal owing to their elevated metastatic potential. Despite improvements in therapeutic approaches, cancer treatments are not completely effective. Thus, new drug candidates are continuously sought. We synthesized mono- and di-methoxylated cinnamic acid esters and investigated their antitumor potential. A cell viability assay was performed to identify promising substances against A549 (non-small-cell lung cancer) and SK-MEL-147 (melanoma) cells. (E)-2,5-dimethoxybenzyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (4m), a monomethoxylated cinnamic acid derivative, was identified as the lead antitumor compound, and its antitumor potential was deeply investigated. Various approaches were employed to investigate the antiproliferative (clonogenic assay and cell cycle analysis), proapoptotic (annexin V assay), and antimigratory (wound-healing and adhesion assays) activities of 4m on A549 cells. In addition, western blotting was performed to explore its mechanism of action. We demonstrated that 4m inhibits the proliferation of A549 by promoting cyclin B downregulation and cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Antimigratory and proapoptotic activities of 4m on A549 were also observed. The antitumor potential of 4m involved its ability to modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway once phosphorylated-ERK expression was considerably reduced in response to treatment. Our findings demonstrate that 4m is a promising anticancer drug candidate.
Evolving Nutritional Needs in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Frantzen Theresa , Barsky Sara , LaVecchia Geralyn , Marowitz Michelle , Wang Janice
Published: June 2023

The course of cystic fibrosis (CF) as a nutritional illness is diverging since the introduction of highly effective modulator therapy, leading to more heterogeneous phenotypes of the disease despite CF genetic mutations that portend worse prognosis. This may become more evident as we follow the pediatric CF population into adulthood as some highly effective modulator therapies (HEMT) are approved for those as young as 1 year old. This review will outline the current research and knowledge available in the evolving nutritional health of people with CF as it relates to the impact of HEMT on anthropometrics, body composition, and energy expenditure, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiencies (the latter resulting in CF-related diabetes), vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and nutritional health in CF as it relates to pregnancy and lung transplantation.
[4,4′-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)-6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine] [bis (2-(diphenylphosphino) phenyl) ether] Silver(I) Hexafluorophosphate
Authors: Glykos Dimitrios , Plakatouras John C. , Malandrinos Gerasimos
Published: June 2023

A new emissive heteroleptic Ag(I) complex formulated as [AgL(POP)][PF6] (L = 4,4′-bis (4-Fluorophenyl)-6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, POP= bis (2-(diphenylphosphino) phenyl) ether) was synthesized and characterized in both the solid state (X-ray crystallography) and the solution. The compound is a yellow-green phosphor (λem = 528 nm), with moderate quantum efficiency (ΦPL = 25% in deaerated dichloromethane).
Evaluation of Hydraulic Characteristics of Electrohydraulic Proportional Valve (EHPV) for an Auto-Steering Tractor Application
Authors: Min Yi-Seo , Kim Yong-Joo , Lim Ryu-Gap , Sim Taeyong , Kim Taek-Jin , Kim Wan-Soo
Published: June 2023

The performance of the electrohydraulic proportional control valve (EHPV) employed in a tractor’s automatic steering system directly influences the steering performance. To develop a highly reliable EHPV, it is essential to analyze the hydraulic characteristics of the EHPV for several working conditions of tractors. This study aimed to measure and analyze the hydraulic characteristics of the EHPV according to tractor working conditions. The flow rate and pressure data of the EHPV were computed through the valve measuring system, and the required power was computed. The experimental conditions were selected based on engine rotational speed and tractor steering angle. As a result, it was discovered that the flow rate, pressure, and power all increased when the engine rotation speed and steering angle conditions increased. Furthermore, the rates of increase in flow rate, pressure, and power based on the increase in the steering angle were higher than when the engine rotation speed increased. In the regression analysis results between the two variables and the hydraulic characteristics of EHPVs, the steering angle demonstrated a higher correlation than the engine rotation speed. In conclusion, the steering angle and engine rotational speed are the major variables in the hydraulic characteristics of EHPVs, and the influence of the steering angle is greater.
The CanSat Compendium: A Review of Scientific CanSats
Authors: Chun Carrington , Tanveer M. Hassan , Chakravarty Sumit
Published: June 2023

In recent years, CubeSats have gained popularity as secondary payloads in space missions due to their uniquely small size and minimal weight. This allows for the quick and inexpensive development of high-risk, high-reward investigations. The success of cube-shaped CubeSats has led to the development of a new class of small-scale and low-cost scientific platforms known as CanSats, which maintain a unique cylindrical shape. CanSats offer an even more economical alternative for conducting high-risk investigations, although they are typically constrained by having to operate within Earth’s atmosphere, which contributes to their reduced costs. However, the ability to test and improve space-bound hardware makes the CanSat a potential intermediary technology for continued space exploration. This survey paper seeks to provide a technical definition of CanSats and summarize the current state of the art in CanSat-based research. This paper covers the history of CanSats, their current mainstream applications, and their potential impact on the technology pipeline for space exploration. CanSats have proven to be versatile in various applications, including Earth science, aeronautics, and educational purposes. The lower cost of CanSats provides a wider range of researchers and educational institutions access to near-space science. Therefore, this paper also aims to explore the potential future applications of CanSats, particularly as an intermediary technology for testing and improving space-bound hardware, with potential benefits for future space missions. The findings from this survey could help to guide the further research and development of CanSats, as well as help to shape future space exploration efforts.
Adaptive L0 Regularization for Sparse Support Vector Regression
Authors: Christou Antonis , Artemiou Andreas
Published: June 2023

In this work, we proposed a sparse version of the Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm that uses regularization to achieve sparsity in function estimation. To achieve this, we used an adaptive L0 penalty that has a ridge structure and, therefore, does not introduce additional computational complexity to the algorithm. In addition to this, we used an alternative approach based on a similar proposal in the Support Vector Machine (SVM) literature. Through numerical studies, we demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposals. We believe that this is the first time someone discussed a sparse version of Support Vector Regression (in terms of variable selection and not in terms of support vector selection).
The Whitham Modulation Solution of the Complex Modified KdV Equation
Authors: Zeng Shijie , Liu Yaqing
Published: June 2023

This paper primarily concerns the Whitham modulation equation of the complex modified Korteweg–de Vries (cmKdV) equation with a step-like initial value. By utilizing the Lax pair, we derive the N-genus Whitham equations via the averaging method. The Whitham equation can be integrated using the hodograph transformation. We investigate Krichever’s algebro-geometric scheme to propose the averaging method for the cmKdV integrable hierarchy and obtain the Whitham velocities of the integrable hierarchy and the hodograph transformation. The connection between the equations of the Euler–Poisson–Darboux type linear overdetermined system, which determines the solutions of the hodograph transformation, is constructed through Riemann integration, which demonstrates that the Whitham equation can be solved. Finally, a step-like initial value problem is solved and an exotic wave pattern is discovered. The results of direct numerical simulation agree well with the Whitham theory solution, which shows the validity of the theory.
Role of Percutaneous Ablation in the Management of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Charalampopoulos Georgios , Iezzi Roberto , Tsitskari Maria , Mazioti Argyro , Papakonstantinou Olympia , Kelekis Alexis , Kelekis Nikolaos , Filippiadis Dimitrios
Published: June 2023

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an invasive cancer accounting for <1% of all cancers and 10–15% of primary liver cancers. Intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) is associated with poor survival rates and high post-surgical recurrence rates whilst most diagnosed patients are not surgical candidates. There is a growing literature suggesting percutaneous ablative techniques for the management of patients with iCCA measuring ≤3 cm with contraindications to surgery as well as for recurrent or residual tumors aiming to provide local cancer treatment and control. Most used ablative therapies for iCCA include radiofrequency and microwave ablation with irreversible electroporation, cryoablation and reversible electroporation (electrochemotherapy) being less commonly encountered techniques. Due to the infiltrative margins of the lesion, there is a need for larger safety margins and ablation zone; multi-apparatus ablation or other variations of the technique such as balloon-assisted approaches can be utilized aiming to increase size of the zone of necrosis. The present review paper focuses upon the current role of percutaneous ablative techniques for the therapeutic management of iCCA. The purpose of this review is to present the current minimally invasive ablative techniques in the treatment of iCCA, including local control and survival rates.
Cooling the Cochlea: Slowing Down Metabolism May Be a Way of Protecting Hearing from Surgical Trauma
Authors: Bell Andrew , Jedrzejczak W. Wiktor
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: This narrative review of the literature explores the effect of body temperature on hearing. In particular, its focus is on extended high frequency (EHF) hearing—the range beyond the standard audiometric limit of 8 kHz. Such high frequencies are the first to be affected by noise-induced hearing loss, and so monitoring them can provide an early warning sign of incipient damage. Materials and Methods: This review builds on a personal literature database of 216 references covering the general topic of EHF hearing; the procedure was to then identify papers related to whole-body or cochlear cooling. A starting point was the paper by Munjal et al. who in 2013 reported changes of up to 15–30 dB in the EHF thresholds of subjects who had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) surgery, which typically involves mild to moderate hypothermia—cooling of the blood—to reduce cellular oxygen demand and minimise tissue damage. Results: Reviewing the surrounding literature, we find that although CBP surgery by itself can impair hearing thresholds, lower body and cochlear temperatures in general provide neuroprotective effects. A connection between hearing loss and CBP surgery has been periodically documented, but the mechanism behind it has yet to be conclusively identified. Conclusions: The observations reviewed here tend to confirm the otoprotective effects of cooling. We consider that the high sensitivity of EHF thresholds to temperature is a major factor that has not been sufficiently recognised, although it has important implications for otological research and practice. Two important inferences are that, first, monitoring EHF thresholds might have considerable value in audiology, and, second, that lowering temperature of the cochlea during cochlear implantation might provide substantially better hearing preservation, as some researchers have already suggested.
Influence of Restorative Material on the Distribution of Loads to the Bone in Hybrid Abutment Crowns—In Vitro Study
Authors: Martins Rafael Garcia , Castro Tayna Silva de , Dib Luciano Lauria , Gehrke Sergio Alexandre , Mesquita Alfredo Mikail Melo
Published: June 2023

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the load transmitted to the peri-implant bone by seven different restorative materials in single-unit rehabilitations with morse taper implants using a strain gauge. Materials: In a polyurethane block that simulated type III bone, a morse taper platform implant was installed (3.5 × 11 mm) in the center and 1 mm below the test base surface, and four strain gauges were installed around the implant, simulating the mesial, distal, buccal and lingual positions. Seven similar hybrid abutment crowns were crafted to simulate a lower premolar using different materials: 1—PMMA; 2—glass ceramic over resin matrix; 3—PEEK + lithium disilicate; 4—metal–ceramic; 5—lithium disilicate; 6—zirconia + feldspathic; 7—monolithic zirconia. All groups underwent axial and oblique loads (45 degrees) of 150 N from a universal testing machine. Five measurements (n = 5) were performed with each material and for each load type; the microdeformation data underwent statistical analysis. The data were obtained in microdeformation (με), and the significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the evaluation among the materials under either the axial load or the oblique load at 45 degrees. In turn, in the comparison between axial load and oblique load, there was a difference in load for all materials. Conclusion: The restorative material did not influence the load transmitted to the bone. Furthermore, the load transmitted to the bone was greater when it occurred obliquely at 45° regardless of the material used. In conclusion, it appeared that the different elastic modulus of each material did not influence the load transmission to the peri-implant bone.
The Effect of Cooling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy during Submerged Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Wakchaure Kiran , Chaudhari Rakesh , Thakur Ajaykumar , Fuse Kishan , Lopez de Lacalle Luis Norberto , Vora Jay
Published: June 2023

Submerged friction stir welding (SFSW) is a new modification of friction stir welding. In this paper, 6 mm thick 6061Al-T6 alloy plates were welded using the friction stir technique under normal air and submerged water conditions at 108 mm/min welding speeds and a rotational rate of 900 rpm. The cooling water temperature in SFSW varied at 0 °C, 35 °C, and 80 °C to clarify the effect of water temperature. The characteristic hourglass-shaped stir zone was observed in the macrostructure of all the samples. All the samples exhibited defect-free joints. The results revealed that the finer grain size of 2.43 μm was at 0 °C. The macrostructure of SFSW joints separated into the shoulder-driven zone and pin-driven zone due to the low-temperature difference between the environment and water media and the high heat absorption capacity of the water, which caused a more substantial cooling rate during water-submerged welded joints. The microhardness distribution of all the joints showed typical “W” shape characteristics. The microhardness for all submerged samples was higher than in normal air conditions due to the higher thermal cycling effect in submerged conditions. Improved dynamic recrystallization in the joint welded at 80 °C resulted in the highest tensile strength (~249 MPa) and microhardness (~95 HV).
Effects of Micro-Arc Oxidation Surface Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Electron-Beam-Welded Joints
Authors: Ma Yinghe , Wu Peng , Mei Jinhui , Yu Zhen , Yang Jianguo , He Yanming , Li Huaxin , Lv Chuanyang , Ren Sendong , Xu Jianping , Cai Zhihui , Chu Paul K.
Published: June 2023

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is performed on Ti-6Al-4V electron-beam-welded joints, and the microstructure, phase composition, and corrosion resistance of the joint and surface coating are investigated systematically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as electrochemical and stress corrosion analyses. SEM analyses revealed that the joint undergoes a phase transformation. The coating morphology of the joint and base materials is similar, but the joint coating is denser and thicker. XRD analyses recognize the rutile and anatase phases in the coating. Polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) corrosion tests reveal that the MAO treatment results in a decrease of two orders of magnitude in the corrosion current density of the welded joint and an increment of corrosion resistance. Stress corrosion evaluation reveals that a dense layer is exposed to protect the joint after long-term exposure to a high-stress corrosion environment. No stress corrosion-induced cracking or defects are observed in the joints, indicating the corrosion resistance of the joint has significantly improved.
High Versus Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet for Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kotzakioulafi Evangelia , Bakaloudi Dimitra Rafailia , Chrysoula Lydia , Theodoridis Xenophon , Antza Christina , Tirodimos Ilias , Chourdakis Michail
Published: June 2023

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT-2) presents with a growing incidence, and its complications contribute mainly to cardiovascular disease and overall mortality. DMT-2 prevention and early stage management include lifestyle modification by adopting healthy eating patterns and increasing physical activity levels. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with beneficial effects on human health and has been found effective for preventing and managing DMT-2. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate whether the level of MD adherence plays a role in DMT-2 prevention and to what extent. A systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was conducted until November 2022, and related observational studies fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included. The literature search concluded with 24 studies in the qualitative analysis and 23 studies in the quantitative analysis. Of those, 18 cohort studies were eligible for meta-analysis with hazard ratio as effect size and five studies providing odds ratio as effect size. The cohort studies included 248,140 participants with a mean follow-up of 10.8 years (3 to 22 years). Individuals with high adherence to MD presented an 11% and 18% decrease in risk and odds, respectively, of developing DMT-2 compared to those with low MD adherence (HR 0.89, 95%CI 0.83 to 0.95) and (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.72 to 0.93). In studies where the follow-up was longer than 10 years, the 12% decrease in the risk of developing DMT-2 remained (HR 0.88 95%CI 0.84 to 0.92), whereas in studies where follow-up was less than 10 years, no difference between groups with different levels of adherence was found. Long-term high MD adherence is associated with a reduced risk of developing DMT-2, but further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Humoral Immunity of Unvaccinated COVID-19 Recovered vs. Naïve BNT162b2 Vaccinated Individuals: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Joseph Gili , Cohen Carmit , Rubin Carmit , Murad Havi , Indenbaum Victoria , Asraf Keren , Weiss-Ottolenghi Yael , Segal-Lieberman Gabriella , Kreiss Yitshak , Lustig Yaniv , Regev-Yochay Gili
Published: June 2023

To study the differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the response to vaccination, we characterized the humoral immune kinetics of these situations. In this prospective longitudinal study, we followed unvaccinated COVID-19-recovered individuals (n = 130) and naïve, two-dose BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals (n = 372) who were age- and BMI-matched for six months during the first pandemic year. Anti-RBD-IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and avidity were assessed monthly. For recovered patients, data on symptoms and the severity of the disease were collected. Anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs titers at peak were higher after vaccination vs. after infection, but the decline was steeper (peak log IgG: 3.08 vs. 1.81, peak log NAbs: 5.93 vs. 5.04, slopes: −0.54 vs. −0.26). Peak anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs were higher in recovered individuals with BMI > 30 and in older individuals compared to individuals with BMI < 30, younger population. Of the recovered, 42 (36%) experienced long-COVID symptoms. Avidity was initially higher in vaccinated individuals compared with recovered individuals, though with time, it increased in recovered individuals but not among vaccinated individuals. Here, we show that while the initial antibody titers, neutralization, and avidity are lower in SARS-CoV-2-recovered individuals, they persist for a longer duration. These results suggest differential protection against COVID-19 in recovered-unvaccinated vs. naïve-vaccinated individuals.
Endogenous CO2 Overpressure Effect on Higher Alcohols Metabolism during Sparkling Wine Production
Authors: González-Jiménez María del Carmen , Mauricio Juan Carlos , Moreno-García Jaime , Puig-Pujol Anna , Moreno Juan , García-Martínez Teresa
Published: June 2023

Higher alcohols produced by yeast during the fermentation of sparkling wine must have the greatest impact on the smell and taste of wine. At present, the metabolic response to methanol and higher alcohols formation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under endogenous CO2 overpressure has not been fully elucidated. In this work, a proteomics and metabolomics approach using a OFFGEL fractionator and the LTQ Orbitrap for the protein identification, followed by a metabolomic study for the detection and quantification of both higher alcohols (GC-FID and SBSE-TD-GC-MS) and amino acids (HPLC), was carried out to investigate the proteomic and metabolomic changes of S. cerevisiae in relation to higher alcohols formation under a CO2 overpressure condition in a closed bottle. The control condition was without CO2 overpressure in an open bottle. Methanol and six higher alcohols were detected in both conditions, and we have been able to relate to a total of 22 proteins: 15 proteins in the CO2 overpressure condition and 22 proteins in the control condition. As for the precursors of higher alcohols, 18 amino acids were identified in both conditions. The metabolic and proteomic profiles obtained in both conditions were different, so CO2 overpressure could be affecting the metabolism of higher alcohols. Furthermore, it was not possible to establish direct correlations in the condition under CO2 overpressure; however, in the condition without pressure it was possible to establish relationships. The data presented here can be considered as a platform that serves as a basis for the S. cerevisiae metabolome–proteome with the aim of understanding the behavior of yeast under conditions of second fermentation in the production of sparkling wines.
Is There Any Difference in the In Situ Immune Response in Active Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis That Respond Well or Poorly to Meglumine Antimoniate Treatment or Spontaneously Heal?
Authors: Leite-Silva Jéssica , Oliveira-Ribeiro Carla , Morgado Fernanda Nazaré , Pimentel Maria Inês Fernandes , Lyra Marcelo Rosandiski , Fagundes Aline , Miranda Luciana Freitas Campos , Valete-Rosalino Claudia Maria , Schubach Armando Oliveira , Conceição-Silva Fátima
Published: June 2023

Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis can either respond well or poorly to the treatment or heal spontaneously; It seems to be dependent on the parasite and/or host factors, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We evaluated the in situ immune response in eighty-two active lesions from fifty-eight patients prior to treatment classified as early spontaneous regression (SRL-n = 14); treatment responders (GRL-n = 20); and non-responders (before first treatment/relapse, PRL1/PRL2-n = 24 each). Immunohistochemistry was used to identify cell/functional markers which were correlated with the clinical characteristics. PRL showed significant differences in lesion number/size, clinical evolution, and positive parasitological examinations when compared with the other groups. SRL presented a more efficient immune response than GRL and PRL, with higher IFN-γ/NOS2 and a lower percentage of macrophages, neutrophils, NK, B cells, and Ki-67+ cells. Compared to SRL, PRL had fewer CD4+ Tcells and more CD163+ macrophages. PRL1 had more CD68+ macrophages and Ki-67+ cells but less IFN-γ than GRL. PRL present a less efficient immune profile, which could explain the poor treatment response, while SRL had a more balanced immune response profile for lesion healing. Altogether, these evaluations suggest a differentiated profile of the organization of the inflammatory process for lesions of different tegumentary leishmaniasis evolution.
Infectious Agents Induce Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Deregulation in Primary Liver Cancers
Authors: Catalano Teresa , Selvaggi Federico , Esposito Diana Liberata , Cotellese Roberto , Aceto Gitana Maria
Published: June 2023

Interaction between infectious agents and liver tissue, as well as repeated and extreme biological events beyond adaptive capacities, may result in pathological conditions predisposing people to development of primary liver cancers (PLCs). In adults, PLCs mainly comprise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Various infectious agents in the hepatic microenvironment can destabilize normal liver cell functions by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway components. Among them, hepatotropic viruses B, C, and D are involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling dysregulation. Other microbial agents, including oncogenic viruses such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV), bacteria, e.g., Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Salmonella Typhi, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the fungus Aspergillus flavus, and liver flukes such as Clonorchissinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, may induce malignant transformation in hepatocytes or in target cells of the biliary tract through aberrant Wnt signaling activation. This review focuses on new insights into infectious agents implicated in the deregulation of Wnt signaling and PLC development. Since the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a driver of cancer following viral and bacterial infections, molecules inhibiting the complex axis of Wnt signaling could represent novel therapeutic approaches in PLC treatment.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention
Authors: Pustijanac Emina , Buršić Moira , Talapko Jasminka , Škrlec Ivana , Meštrović Tomislav , Lišnjić Dubravka
Published: June 2023

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, can cause serious infection of the central nervous system in humans, resulting in potential neurological complications and fatal outcomes. TBEV is primarily transmitted to humans through infected tick bites, and the viral agent circulates between ticks and animals, such as deer and small mammals. The occurrence of the infection aligns with the seasonal activity of ticks. As no specific antiviral therapy exists for TBEV infection, treatment approaches primarily focus on symptomatic relief and support. Active immunization is highly effective, especially for individuals in endemic areas. The burden of TBEV infections is increasing, posing a growing health concern. Reported incidence rates rose from 0.4 to 0.9 cases per 100,000 people between 2015 and 2020. The Baltic and Central European countries have the highest incidence, but TBE is endemic across a wide geographic area. Various factors, including social and environmental aspects, improved medical awareness, and advanced diagnostics, have contributed to the observed increase. Diagnosing TBEV infection can be challenging due to the non-specific nature of the initial symptoms and potential co-infections. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management, prevention of complications, and effective control measures. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the molecular structure of TBEV, its transmission and circulation in natural environments, the pathogenesis of TBEV infection, the epidemiology and global distribution of the virus, associated risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches. By improving understanding of these aspects, we aim to enhance knowledge and promote strategies for timely and accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and the implementation of effective control measures against TBEV infections.
Microbiota Profile of the Nasal Cavity According to Lifestyles in Healthy Adults in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Toro-Ascuy Daniela , Cárdenas Juan P. , Zorondo-Rodríguez Francisco , González Damariz , Silva-Moreno Evelyn , Puebla Carlos , Nunez-Parra Alexia , Reyes-Cerpa Sebastián , Fuenzalida Loreto F.
Published: June 2023

Background: The respiratory microbiome is dynamic, varying between anatomical niches, and it is affected by various host and environmental factors, one of which is lifestyle. Few studies have characterized the upper respiratory tract microbiome profile according to lifestyle. We explored the association between lifestyles and microbiota profiles in the upper respiratory tract of healthy adults. Methods: We analyzed nasal samples from 110 healthy adults who were living in Santiago, Chile, using 16S ribosomal RNA gene-sequencing methods. Volunteers completed a structured questionnaire about lifestyle. Results: The composition and abundance of taxonomic groups varied across lifestyle attributes. Additionally, multivariate models suggested that alpha diversity varied in the function of physical activity, nutritional status, smoking, and the interaction between nutritional status and smoking, although the significant impact of those variables varied between women and men. Although physical activity and nutritional status were significantly associated with all indexes of alpha diversity among women, the diversity of microbiota among men was associated with smoking and the interaction between nutritional status and smoking. Conclusions: The alpha diversity of nasal microbiota is associated with lifestyle attributes, but these associations depend on sex and nutritional status. Our results suggest that future studies of the airway microbiome may provide a better resolution if data are stratified for differences in sex and nutritional status.
The Gut Microbiota of Farmed and Wild Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Evaluation of Feed-Related Differences Using 16S rRNA Gene Metabarcoding
Authors: Mugetti Davide , Pastorino Paolo , Beltramo Chiara , Audino Tania , Arillo Alessandra , Esposito Giuseppe , Prearo Marino , Bertoli Marco , Pizzul Elisabetta , Bozzetta Elena , Acutis Pier Luigi , Peletto Simone
Published: June 2023

The gut microbiota has become a topic of increasing importance in various fields, including aquaculture. Several fish species have been the subject of investigations concerning the intestinal microbiota, which have compared different variables, including the intestinal portions, the environment, and diet. In this study, the microbiota of farmed and wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were analyzed, in which the wall and content of the medial portion of the intestine were considered separately. A total of 66 fish (age class 2+) were sampled, of which 46 were wild and 20 were farmed brook trout, in two different years. Microbiota data were obtained using a 16S metabarcoding approach by analyzing the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the corresponding 16S rRNA. The data showed that the core microbiota of these species consist of Proteobacteria (Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Firmicutes (Bacilli and Clostridia), and, only for farmed animals, Fusobacteria. The latter taxon’s presence is likely related to the fishmeal-based diet administered to farmed brook trout. Indeed, alpha and beta diversity analysis showed differences between wild and farmed fish. Finally, statistically significant differences in the microbiota composition were observed between the intestinal walls and contents of wild fish, while no differences were detected in reared animals. Our work represents the first study on the intestinal microbiota of brook trout with respect to both farmed and wild specimens. Future studies might focus on the comparison of our data with those pertaining to other fish species and on the study of other portions of the brook trout intestine.
Gestational Viral Infections: Role of Host Immune System
Authors: Beltrami Silvia , Rizzo Sabrina , Schiuma Giovanna , Speltri Giorgia , Di Luca Dario , Rizzo Roberta , Bortolotti Daria
Published: June 2023

Viral infections in pregnancy are major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Infections can develop in the neonate transplacentally, perinatally, or postnatally (from breast milk or other sources) and lead to different clinical manifestations, depending on the viral agent and the gestational age at exposure. Viewing the peculiar tolerogenic status which characterizes pregnancy, viruses could exploit this peculiar immunological status to spread or affect the maternal immune system, adopting several evasion strategies. In fact, both DNA and RNA virus might have a deep impact on both innate and acquired immune systems. For this reason, investigating the interaction with these pathogens and the host’s immune system during pregnancy is crucial not only for the development of most effective therapies and diagnosis but mostly for prevention. In this review, we will analyze some of the most important DNA and RNA viruses related to gestational infections.
Responses of Zooplankton Community Pattern to Environmental Factors along the Salinity Gradient in a Seagoing River in Tianjin, China
Authors: Sun Xuewei , Zhang Huayong , Wang Zhongyu , Huang Tousheng , Tian Wang , Huang Hai
Published: June 2023

As the primary consumers in aquatic organisms, zooplankton play an important role in aquatic ecosystems. It is valuable for management and researchers to have an insight into the responses of zooplankton community patterns to environmental factors. In this study, RDA and variation partitioning analysis were adopted to determine the important environmental factors affecting zooplankton abundance and biomass, as well as the relative importance of different environmental factors. The findings reveal that TN (total nitrogen), WD (water depth), pH, and SAL (salinity) were all important abiotic factors shaping the zooplankton community pattern in the study area. TN affected protozoa by influencing Stentor amethystinus, while the effects of WD on copepods may have been mainly induced by the responses of Calanus sinicus and Paracyclopina nana. By inhibiting Stentor amethystinus and Vorticella lutea, pH significantly affected protozoa. In addition, Rotifera and copepods were affected by SAL mainly through the responses of Brachionus calyciflorus, Calanus sinicus, and Ectocyclops phaleratus. Importantly, fundamental alternations in the variation trends of zooplankton abundance and biomass along the salinity gradient were found when the salinity was approximately 4–5. By combining these results with the findings on phytoplankton responses to salinity in previous studies, it can be concluded that salinity may influence the river ecosystem by influencing zooplankton abundance and biomass rather than phytoplankton.
Modelling of the Solidifying Microstructure of Inconel 718: Quasi-Binary Approximation
Authors: Kropotin Nikolai , Fang Yindong , Yu Chu , Seyring Martin , Freiberg Katharina , Lippmann Stephanie , Pinomaa Tatu , Laukkanen Anssi , Provatas Nikolas , Galenko Peter K.
Published: June 2023

The prediction of the equilibrium and metastable morphologies during the solidification of Ni-based superalloys on the mesoscopic scale can be performed using phase-field modeling. In the present paper, we apply the phase-field model to simulate the evolution of solidification microstructures depending on undercooling in a quasi-binary approximation. The results of modeling are compared with experimental data obtained on samples of the alloy Inconel 718 (IN718) processed using the electromagnetic leviatation (EML) technique. The final microstructure, concentration profiles of niobium, and the interface-velocity–undercooling relationship predicted by the phase field modeling are in good agreement with the experimental findings. The simulated microstructures and concentration fields can be used as inputs for the simulation of the precipitation of secondary phases.
A Study of the Chemical Composition, Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Bulgarian Tanacetum parthenium Essential Oil
Authors: Lechkova Borislava , Karcheva-Bahchevanska Diana , Ivanov Kalin , Todorova Velislava , Benbassat Niko , Penkova Nadya , Atanassova Pepa , Peychev Lyudmil , Hrischev Petar , Peychev Zhivko , Terziev Dimitar , Ivanova Stanislava
Published: June 2023

Background: Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. (T. parthenium) is an aromatic perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, also known as feverfew. It is widely distributed in various regions of Europe and other parts of the world. The plant has a rich background in the traditional medicine of many nations and has been used as a remedy for fever, pain, inflammation, asthma, rheumatism, menstrual disorders, etc. Methods: GC–MS analysis was conducted to determine the chemical composition of the isolated essential oil (EO). Using the method proposed by Litchfield and Wilcoxon, the average lethal dose (LD50) of the EO on Wistar rats was determined for two routes of administration: oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.). The subacute toxicity of the EO was also tested by oral administration of a daily dose of 1.0 g/kg body weight (BW) for 28 days. The toxicity of the EO was evaluated by observing and evaluating changes in behavior, body weight, basic hematological and serum biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes of the internal organs. Results: Thirty-seven volatile organic compounds representing 94.58% of the total oil composition were tentatively detected in the obtained T. parthenium EO. The dominant compounds were camphor (45.47%), trans-chrisantenyl acetate (21.65%), camphene (9.48%), and cis-isogeraniol (5.42%). The results showed that the EO was not toxic when administered in acute oral doses. The acute mean lethal dose for intraperitoneal administration was LD50 i.p. = 2.13 g/kg BW. In the subacute study involving administration of an oral dose of EO for 28 days, there were a number of changes in the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of the blood compared with the control group of animals. However, no symptoms of toxicity, changes in the body weight of the rats, death, or pathological changes in the histological indicators of the examined organs—brain, heart, stomach, liver, spleen and kidney—were found. Extrapolating the results obtained from the rat experiments, we can state that the EO is safe for use in doses below 1 g/kgBW for a period not exceeding one month.
Lipophilic Fe(III)-Complex with Potent Broad-Spectrum Anticancer Activity and Ability to Overcome Pt Resistance in A2780cis Cancer Cells
Authors: Abeydeera Nalin , Stilgenbauer Morgan , Pant Bishnu D. , Mudarmah Khalil , Dassanayake Thiloka M. , Zheng Yao-Rong , Huang Songping D.
Published: June 2023

Although iron is essential for all forms of life, it is also potentially toxic to cells as the increased and unregulated iron uptake can catalyze the Fenton reaction to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to lipid peroxidation of membranes, oxidation of proteins, cleavage of DNA and even activation of apoptotic cell death pathways. We demonstrate that Fe(hinok)3 (hinok = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropyl-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one), a neutral Fe(III) complex with high lipophilicity is capable of bypassing the regulation of iron trafficking to disrupt cellular iron homeostasis; thus, harnessing remarkable anticancer activity against a panel of five different cell lines, including Pt-sensitive ovarian cancer cells (A2780; IC50 = 2.05 ± 0.90 μM or 1.20 μg/mL), Pt-resistant ovarian cancer cells (A2780cis; IC50 = 0.92 ± 0.73 μM or 0.50 μg/mL), ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3; IC50 = 1.23 ± 0.01 μM or 0.67 μg/mL), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231; IC50 = 3.83 ± 0.12 μM or 2.0 μg/mL) and lung cancer cells (A549; IC50 = 1.50 ± 0.32 μM or 0.82 μg/mL). Of great significance is that Fe(hinok)3 exhibits unusual selectivity toward the normal HEK293 cells and the ability to overcome the Pt resistance in the Pt-resistant mutant ovarian cancer cells of A2780cis.
Phase-Controlled Cobalt Catalyst Boosting Hydrogenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Dimethylfuran
Authors: Yang Kaixuan , Chen Naimeng , Guo Xiaomiao , Zhang Ruoqi , Sheng Xiaoyu , Ge Hui , Zhu Zhiguo , Yang Hengquan , Lü Hongying
Published: June 2023

The search for non-noble metal catalysts for chemical transformations is of paramount importance. In this study, an efficient non-noble metal catalyst for hydrogenation, hexagonal close-packed cobalt (HCP-Co), was synthesized through a simple one-step reduction of β-Co(OH)2 nanosheets via a temperature-induced phase transition. The obtained HCP-Co exhibited several-times-higher catalytic efficiency than its face-centered cubic cobalt (FCC-Co) counterpart in the hydrogenation of the C=C/C=O group, especially for the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) hydrogenation (8.5-fold enhancement). Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that HMF molecules were adsorbed more firmly on the (112_0) facet of HCP-Co than that on the (111) facet of FCC-Co, favoring the activation of the C=O group in the HMF molecule. The stronger adsorption on the (112_0) facet of HCP-Co also led to lower activation energy than that on the (111) facet of FCC-Co, thereby resulting in high activity and selectivity. Moreover, HCP-Co exhibited outstanding catalytic stability during the hydrogenation of HMF. These results highlight the possibility of fabricating hydrogenation catalysts with satisfactory catalytic properties by precisely tuning their active crystal phase.
Phosphate-Induced Reaction to Prepare Coal-Based P-Doped Hard Carbon with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Improved Sodium-Ion Storage
Authors: Deng Limin , Tang Yakun , Liu Jingmei , Zhang Yue , Song Wenjun , Li Yuandong , Liu Lang
Published: June 2023

The use of coal as a precursor for producing hard carbon is favored due to its abundance, low cost, and high carbon yield. To further optimize the sodium storage performance of hard carbon, the introduction of heteroatoms has been shown to be an effective approach. However, the inert structure in coal limits the development of heteroatom-doped coal-based hard carbon. Herein, coal-based P-doped hard carbon was synthesized using Ca3(PO4)2 to achieve homogeneous phosphorus doping and inhibit carbon microcrystal development during high-temperature carbonization. This involved a carbon dissolution reaction where Ca3(PO4)2 reacted with SiO2 and carbon in coal to form phosphorus and CO. The resulting hierarchical porous structure allowed for rapid diffusion of Na+ and resulted in a high reversible capacity of 200 mAh g−1 when used as an anode material for Na+ storage. Compared to unpretreated coal-based hard carbon, the P-doped hard carbon displayed a larger initial coulombic efficiency (64%) and proportion of plateau capacity (47%), whereas the unpretreated carbon only exhibited an initial coulombic efficiency of 43.1% and a proportion of plateau capacity of 29.8%. This work provides a green, scalable approach for effective microcrystalline regulation of hard carbon from low-cost and highly aromatic precursors.
Interface Coordination Engineering of P-Fe3O4/Fe@C Derived from an Iron-Based Metal Organic Framework for pH-Universal Water Splitting
Authors: Fan Minmin , Li Peixiao , Liu Baibai , Gong Yun , Luo Chengling , Yang Kun , Liu Xinjuan , Fan Jinchen , Xue Yuhua
Published: June 2023

Developing electrocatalysts with high energy conversion efficiency is urgently needed. In this work, P-Fe3O4/Fe@C electrodes with rich under-coordinated Fe atom interfaces are constructed for efficient pH-universal water splitting. The introduction of under-coordinated Fe atoms into the P-Fe3O4/Fe@C interface can increase the local charge density and polarize the 3d orbital lone electrons, which promotes water adsorption and activation to release more H*, thus elevating electrocatalytic activity. As a donor-like catalyst, P-Fe3O4/Fe@C displays excellent electrocatalytic performance with overpotentials of 160 mV and 214 mV in acidic and alkaline electrolytes at 10 mA cm−2, in addition to pH-universal long-term stability.