bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distractor-Aware Deep Regression for Visual Tracking
Authors: Du Ming , Ding Yan , Meng Xiuyun , Wei Hua-Liang , Zhao Yifan
Published: January 2019

In recent years, regression trackers have drawn increasing attention in the visual-object tracking community due to their favorable performance and easy implementation. The tracker algorithms directly learn mapping from dense samples around the target object to Gaussian-like soft labels. However, in many real applications, when applied to test data, the extreme imbalanced distribution of training samples usually hinders the robustness and accuracy of regression trackers. In this paper, we propose a novel effective distractor-aware loss function to balance this issue by highlighting the significant domain and by severely penalizing the pure background. In addition, we introduce a full differentiable hierarchy-normalized concatenation connection to exploit abstractions across multiple convolutional layers. Extensive experiments were conducted on five challenging benchmark-tracking datasets, that is, OTB-13, OTB-15, TC-128, UAV-123, and VOT17. The experimental results are promising and show that the proposed tracker performs much better than nearly all the compared state-of-the-art approaches.
An Improved Imaging Algorithm for High-Resolution Spotlight SAR with Continuous PRI Variation Based on Modified Sinc Interpolation
Authors: Chen Shiyang , Huang Lijia , Qiu Xiaolan , Shang Mingyang , Han Bing
Published: January 2019

This paper focuses on an improved imaging algorithm for spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with continuous Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) variation in extremely high-resolution. Conventional SAR systems are limited in that a wide swath cannot be achieved with a high azimuth resolution in the meantime. This limitation can be overcome by Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) variation in a SAR system. However, there are problems such as the ambiguities of point targets or extended targets caused by nonuniform sampling. A reconstructive method, Nonuniform Discrete Fourier Transform (NUDFT) has been presented in the current literature, but it is rather computationally expensive. In this paper, a modified sinc interpolation based on NUDFT is proposed, which is used to reconstruct the uniformly sampled echo in time domain. Since the interpolation kernel length is relatively short, it is more computationally efficient. Then, the two-step processing approach combined with the modified sinc interpolation is further presented, which has much better accuracy than that combined with the conventional sinc interpolation. Both the simulated data and the extracted GF-3 data experiment demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Cortical Network Response to Acupuncture and the Effect of the Hegu Point: An fNIRS Study
Authors: Fernandez Rojas Raul , Liao Mingyu , Romero Julio , Huang Xu , Ou Keng-Liang
Published: January 2019

Acupuncture is a practice of treatment based on influencing specific points on the body by inserting needles. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the aim of acupuncture treatment for pain management is to use specific acupoints to relieve excess, activate qi (or vital energy), and improve blood circulation. In this context, the Hegu point is one of the most widely-used acupoints for this purpose, and it has been linked to having an analgesic effect. However, there exists considerable debate as to its scientific validity. In this pilot study, we aim to identify the functional connectivity related to the three main types of acupuncture manipulations and also identify an analgesic effect based on the hemodynamic response as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The cortical response of eleven healthy subjects was obtained using fNIRS during an acupuncture procedure. A multiscale analysis based on wavelet transform coherence was employed to assess the functional connectivity of corresponding channel pairs within the left and right somatosensory region. The wavelet analysis was focused on the very-low frequency oscillations (VLFO, 0.01–0.08 Hz) and the low frequency oscillations (LFO, 0.08–0.15 Hz). A mixed model analysis of variance was used to appraise statistical differences in the wavelet domain for the different acupuncture stimuli. The hemodynamic response after the acupuncture manipulations exhibited strong activations and distinctive cortical networks in each stimulus. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) between the tasks in both frequency bands. These results suggest the existence of different stimuli-specific cortical networks in both frequency bands and the anaesthetic effect of the Hegu point as measured by fNIRS.
In Transition … Where to? Rethinking Life Stages and Intergenerational Relations of Italian Youth
Authors: Magaraggia Sveva , Benasso Sebastiano
Published: January 2019

This article wants to contribute to the ongoing debate within youth studies about the frameworks and concepts that inform research on the meanings of and transitions into adulthood. It aims to contribute to debates about the changing nature of life stages and the need for new conceptual categories and definitions of adulthood and of intergenerational relations. Thus, the first question that drives our reflections is: How do the radical transformations implied in the transition to adulthood pathway change the metaphors used to describe it, the ways of defining adulthood itself, and the scope for mutual recognition amongst different generations? Indeed, intergenerational relationships acquire more complexity in a framework in which a) structural factors like the precarisation of the labour market and the aging population heighten reciprocal interdependence and b) changes in the life-course patterns distance the different generations, especially in terms of biographical sense-making. These theoretical reflections arise from empirical work done in Northern Italy, with thirty-something people who are struggling with a prolonged and de-standardised transition process, negotiating “new adult roles”, particularly in the field of parenthood). This complex transition is significant and widespread in Italian context that, as part of the group of Southern welfare states, has low levels of welfare provision and high reliance on the family as a form of support.
The Dependence of Unemployment of the Senior Workforce upon Explanatory Variables in the European Union in the Context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Stojanova Hana , Lietavcova Barbora , Vrdoljak Raguž Ivona
Published: January 2019

Digitalization, robotization, artificial intelligence, and all kinds of new technologies that are known as Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution have great influence on the future of work because they will gather new jobs with new skills, and a majority of the senior workforce will probably have a lot of problems with those kinds of changes and challenges. The major objective of the paper is to recognize the dependence of the unemployment of the age category 55–64 upon selected explanatory variables. The explanatory variables were selected, and the expectations of their signs were presented in the research design. The secondary data of Eurostat and OECD 2015 has been used, covering the twenty-two member countries of the European Union (the countries that provided minimum wage were included only). The econometric analysis, specifically model specification and model quantification were the main methods used in the paper. The main outcomes and relevance of the model as well as its limitations have been compared with the findings of other authors in the discussion and implications for further research.
Cycling as the Best Sub-8-Hour Performance Predictor in Full Distance Triathlon
Authors: Sousa Caio Victor , Barbosa Lucas Pinheiro , Sales Marcelo Magalhães , Santos Patrick Anderson , Tiozzo Eduard , Simões Herbert Gustavo , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Knechtle Beat
Published: January 2019

For any triathlon distance (short, Olympic, half-distance and full-distance), competitors spend more time cycling than swimming or running, but running has emerged as the discipline with the greatest influence on overall performance at the Olympic distance. However, there is a lack of evidence on which discipline has the greatest influence on performance in the overall full-distance triathlon (3.8 km swimming/180 km cycling/42.195 km running), especially for the fastest performing athletes of all time. The total race times of 51 fastest triathletes (sub-8-hour) were studied, while for the split times, a sample of 44 participants was considered. The discipline that seemed to better predict total race time was cycling (coefficient = 0.828; p < 0.001), followed by running (coefficient = 0.726; p < 0.001) and swimming (coefficient = 0.476; p < 0.001). Furthermore, cycling was the discipline with the highest performance improvement over the years, whereas running had a slightly decrease. In conclusion, cycling seems to be the discipline with greater influence in final result for the full-distance triathlon.
A Framework for the Integration of Nature-Based Solutions into Environmental Risk Management Strategies
Authors: Accastello Cristian , Blanc Simone , Brun Filippo
Published: January 2019

Mountainous areas are expected to face increasing societal pressure due to mass tourism and the rising intensity and frequency of natural hazards triggered by climate change. Therefore, the development of proper strategies for the management of environmental risks will be crucial to ensure their liveability. Against this backdrop, concepts such as territorial resilience and Social–Ecological Systems (SES) can support the prioritisation of protective efforts. This paper presents a conceptual framework to be applied to areas subject to natural hazards. Its aim is to support the integration of different measures, with a special focus on protection forests and other Nature-based Solutions, into current risk management strategies. The framework considers (i) the definition of SES boundaries; (ii) the identification of the main goals to be achieved; (iii) the quantification of the supply and demand of the ecosystem protection service; and (iv) the development of risk management strategies able to include the management of protection forests among the adopted solutions. This framework is intended as a tool to be adopted by local and regional decision-makers as a tool to identify the areas at risk, to recognise the potential role of protection forests, and to operationalise the concept of resilience through the deployment of “grey-green” strategies.
How DMO Can Measure the Experiences of a Large Territory
Authors: Franzoni Simona , Bonera Michelle
Published: January 2019

This paper aims at providing a methodology for analyzing and measuring the experiences offered by a large territory by investigating online conversation on the “things to do” or in other words the experiences by TripAdvisor platform. Opinions and comments are able to influence the choice of the tourist destination and to raise specific expectations, in order to find corrective measures to be taken to preserve or enhance the interest of a tourist destination. By applying the methodology advanced, Destination Management Organization (DMO) can collect useful information in order to make decisions and take action to protect and/or increase the competitiveness of the destination. The empirical observation, thought the methodology described herein, was applied in the Province of Brescia, Italy, a large territory marked by the presence of different destinations and experiences and Bresciatourism—Visit Brescia, the DMO of this territory, was involved.
Health Monitoring and Safety Evaluation of the Offshore Wind Turbine Structure: A Review and Discussion of Future Development
Authors: Lian Jijian , Cai Ou , Dong Xiaofeng , Jiang Qi , Zhao Yue
Published: January 2019

With the depletion of fossil energy, offshore wind power has become an irreplaceable energy source for most countries in the world. In recent years, offshore wind power generation has presented the gradual development trend of larger capacity, taller towers, and longer blades. The more flexible towers and blades have led to the structural operational safety of the offshore wind turbine (OWT) receiving increasing worldwide attention. From this perspective, health monitoring systems and operational safety evaluation techniques of the offshore wind turbine structure, including the monitoring system category, data acquisition and transmission, feature information extraction and identification, safety evaluation and reliability analysis, and the intelligent operation and maintenance, were systematically investigated and summarized in this paper. Furthermore, a review of the current status, advantages, disadvantages, and the future development trend of existing systems and techniques was also carried out. Particularly, the offshore wind power industry will continue to develop into deep ocean areas in the next 30 years in China. Practical and reliable health monitoring systems and safety evaluation techniques are increasingly critical for offshore wind farms. Simultaneously, they have great significance for strengthening operation management, making efficient decisions, and reducing failure risks, and are also the key link in ensuring safe energy compositions and achieving energy development targets in China. The aims of this article are to inform more scholars and experts about the status of the health monitoring and safety evaluation of the offshore wind turbine structure, and to contribute toward improving the efficiency of the corresponding systems and techniques.
The Influence of Management Innovation and Technological Innovation on Organization Performance. A Mediating Role of Sustainability
Authors: Zhang Yongan , Khan Umair , Lee Seoyeon , Salik Madiha
Published: January 2019

Organizations have several objectives, including competitiveness, high profit and long-term survival. However, sustainability has become a diligent act of business and non-business organizations because it moves organizations toward superior performance. Sustainability does not come itself; it requires enough resources and capabilities. Extant studies have examined the factors that influence sustainability, but have rarely touched on innovation in this perspective. The present study examines the influence of management innovation and technological innovation on organization performance with the mediating role of sustainability. To test the model, we applied structural equation modeling in the analysis of a moment structures (AMOS) on the empirical evidence collected from 304 Pakistani CEOs and top managers. The results indicate that management innovation and technological innovation significantly positively contribute to sustainability and organization performance. Sustainability plays a partial mediating role between management innovation and organization performance and also a partial mediating role between technological innovation and organization performance. We recommend CEOs and top managers to give due attention to management innovation and technological innovation to enhance sustainability and survive the long run. Implications are discussed.
Supermarket-Led Development and the Neglect of Traditional Food Value Chains: Reflections on Indonesia’s Agri-Food System Transformation
Authors: Vetter Thomas , Nylandsted Larsen Marianne , Bech Bruun Thilde
Published: January 2019

The rapid expansion of modern food retail encapsulated in the so-called ‘supermarket revolution’ is often portrayed as a pivotal driving force in the modernization of agri-food systems in the Global South. Based on fieldwork conducted on horticulture value chains in West Java and South Sulawesi, this paper explores this phenomenon and the concerted efforts that government and corporate actors undertake with regard to agri-food value chain interventions and market modernization in Indonesia. The paper argues that after more than 15 years of ‘supermarket revolution’ in Indonesia, traditional food retail appears not to be in complete demise, but rather adaptive and resilient to its modern competitors. The analysis of local manifestations of supermarket-led agricultural development suggests that traditional markets can offer certain advantages for farmers over supermarket-driven value chains. The paper further identifies and discusses two areas that have so far been neglected by research and policymaking and which warrant further investigation: (i) the simultaneous transformations in traditional food value chains and their relation to modern markets, and (ii) the social and environmental performances of modern vis-à-vis traditional food value chains.
Mechanical Degradation and Thermal Decomposition of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Polymer-Modified Cement Mortar (PCM) Exposed to High-Temperature
Authors: Kim Hyung-Jun , Park Jae-Yeon , Suh Heong-Won , Cho Beom-Yeon , Park Won-Jun , Bae Sung-Chul
Published: January 2019

A polymer-modified cement mortar (PCM) is widely used as a repair material for reinforced concrete (RC) structures owing to its excellent strength and durability. However, considering the maintenance of the RC structures and the use period of the structures, the change in the physical properties of the PCM should be evaluated when exposed to various high-temperature environments, such as fires. In this study, the degradation of the mechanical properties (compressive strength and modulus of elasticity), thermal decomposition of the PCM in various high-temperature environments, and the change in the pore structure of the PCM after exposure to high temperatures were quantitatively investigated. A mechanical property evaluation of PCM was performed under three heating conditions: (i) heating in a compression tester, (ii) heating the specimen in an oven to a predetermined temperature and then moving it to a compression tester preheated to the same temperature, and (iii) cooling to room temperature after heating. In the experiment, a PCM specimen was prepared by changing the polymer–cement ratio (polymer content) of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), the most commonly used polymer, to perform a high-temperature sectional test from 200 to 800 °C. In addition, to investigate the change in the PCM mechanical properties in the high-temperature region, in terms of the pyrolysis of EVA, the porosity change and mass change were examined using thermal analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Before heating, the compressive strength of the PCM increased with the EVA content up to 10 % of the polymer–cement ratio. Under the cooling conditions after heating up to 200 °C, the mechanical performance of the PCM was restored, whereas the degradation of the mechanical properties of the PCM without cooling was more pronounced. Furthermore, the mass loss, heat flow, and the total porosity of the PCM increased as the EVA content increased, which is correlated with the degradation of the mechanical properties of the PCM.
Millennials’ Awareness and Approach to Social Responsibility and Investment—Case Study of the Czech Republic
Authors: Formánková Sylvie , Trenz Oldřich , Faldík Oldřich , Kolomazník Jan , Sládková Jitka
Published: January 2019

We live in a new era with contradictory views on society, industries, and the whole world. Raising consumerism is compensated by raising the responsibility of the new generation, the so-called Millennials. The paper deals with the awareness of Millennials of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and their attitude to sustainable and responsible investment (SRI). The research is focused specifically on students of economically oriented higher education institutions (HEI), studying in the Czech Republic. For the purpose of general awareness of the term CSR, a sample of 1073 HEI students from different institutions was analyzed and evaluated. For the evaluation of their attitude to SRI, 213 respondents from Mendel University in Brno were interviewed. The research brought surprising results—bachelor’s degree students have a better awareness of the term than master’s degree students. This surprising fact can be explained by the fact that CSR courses have been incorporated into studies in recent years. Another important finding from the second research is that 57% of respondents are willing to sacrifice part of their return in the case of an investment in socially responsible instruments. This fact can be used for the design of an investment strategy offered by investment institutions.
Land Use Change Trends and Their Driving Forces in the Kilombero Valley Floodplain, Southeastern Tanzania
Authors: Msofe Nangware , Sheng Lianxi , Lyimo James
Published: January 2019

Land use change (LUC) driven by human activities and natural factors has resulted in the global loss of native biodiversity and the alteration of ecological processes and services across different ecosystems. It is thus necessary to analyze the trends and driving factors that influence land use changes. In this study, moderate resolution Landsat images were freely downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) archives, analyzed using the random forest (RF) algorithm and mapped in ArcGIS 10.2 software to examine the LUC trends from 1990 to 2016 in the Kilombero valley floodplain (KVFP), Tanzania. Participatory rural appraisals (PRA) and household questionnaire surveys were used to assess the potential drivers of LUC. The results show that, from 1990 to 2016, the agricultural land and grassland increased by 11.3% and 13.3%, respectively, while the floodplain wetland area decreased from 4.6% in 1990 to 0.9% in 2016. Based on a questionnaire survey, the intensification of human activities was identified as the proximate driver while population growth, a growing market demand and price incentives for agricultural and forest products coupled with improved infrastructure and biophysical factors such as soil properties, climate variability and terrain characteristics were identified as the underlying drivers of LUC. However, there is interplay among these factors acting simultaneously as well as differently that influence land use changes. Based on these findings, future sustainable land management strategies should include the introduction of the alternative environmentally friendly sources of livelihood, such as beekeeping, the promotion of community participation and education on the importance of sustainable wetland management.
A Robust Single-Valued Neutrosophic Soft Aggregation Operators in Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Authors: Jana Chiranjibe , Pal Madhumangal
Published: January 2019

Molodtsov originated soft set theory that was provided a general mathematical framework for handling with uncertainties in which we meet the data by affix parameterized factor during the information analysis as differentiated to fuzzy as well as neutrosophic set theory. The main object of this paper is to lay a foundation for providing a new approach of single-valued neutrosophic soft tool which is considering many problems that contain uncertainties. In present study, a new aggregation operators of single-valued neutrosophic soft numbers have so far not yet been applied for ranking of the alternatives in decision-making problems. To this propose work, single-valued neutrosophic soft weighted arithmetic averaging (SVNSWA) operator, single-valued neutrosophic soft weighted geometric averaging (SVNSWGA) operator have been used to compare two single-valued neutrosophic soft numbers (SVNSNs) for aggregating different single-valued neutrosophic soft input arguments in neutrosophic soft environment. Then, its related properties have been investigated. Finally, a practical example for Medical diagnosis problems provided to test the feasibility and applicability of the proposed work.
Periodic Orbits of Third Kind in the Zonal J2 + J3 Problem
Authors: de Bustos M. Teresa , Fernández Antonio , López Miguel A. , Martínez Raquel , Vera Juan A.
Published: January 2019

In this work, the periodic orbits’ phase portrait of the zonal J 2 + J 3 problem is studied. In particular, we center our attention on the periodic orbits of the third kind in the Poincaré sense using the averaging theory of dynamical systems. We find three families of polar periodic orbits and four families of inclined periodic orbits for which we are able to state their explicit expressions.
Some Similarity Solutions and Numerical Solutions to the Time-Fractional Burgers System
Authors: Zhang Xiangzhi , Zhang Yufeng
Published: January 2019

In the paper, we discuss some similarity solutions of the time-fractional Burgers system (TFBS). Firstly, with the help of the Lie-point symmetry and the corresponding invariant variables, we transform the TFBS to a fractional ordinary differential system (FODS) under the case where the time-fractional derivative is the Riemann–Liouville type. The FODS can be approximated by some integer-order ordinary differential equations; here, we present three such integer-order ordinary differential equations (called IODE-1, IODE-2, and IODE-3, respectively). For IODE-1, we obtain its similarity solutions and numerical solutions, which approximate the similarity solutions and the numerical solutions of the TFBS. Secondly, we apply the numerical analysis method to obtain the numerical solutions of IODE-2 and IODE-3.
Quantum Gravity on the Computer: Impressions of a Workshop
Authors: Glaser Lisa , Steinhaus Sebastian
Published: January 2019

Computer simulations allow us to explore non-perturbative phenomena in physics. This has the potential to help us understand quantum gravity. Finding a theory of quantum gravity is a hard problem, but, in the last several decades, many promising and intriguing approaches that utilize or might benefit from using numerical methods were developed. These approaches are based on very different ideas and assumptions, yet they face the common challenge to derive predictions and compare them to data. In March 2018, we held a workshop at the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (NORDITA) in Stockholm gathering experts in many different approaches to quantum gravity for a workshop on “Quantum gravity on the computer”. In this article, we try to encapsulate some of the discussions held and talks given during this workshop and combine them with our own thoughts on why and how numerical approaches will play an important role in pushing quantum gravity forward. The last section of the article is a road map providing an outlook of the field and some intentions and goalposts that were debated in the closing session of the workshop. We hope that it will help to build a strong numerical community reaching beyond single approaches to combine our efforts in the search for quantum gravity.
Computing Neutron Capture Rates in Neutron-Degenerate Matter
Authors: Knight Bryn , Caballero Liliana
Published: January 2019

Neutron captures are likely to occur in the crust of accreting neutron stars (NSs). Their rate depends on the thermodynamic state of neutrons in the crust. At high densities, neutrons are degenerate. We find degeneracy corrections to neutron capture rates off nuclei, using cross sections evaluated with the reaction code TALYS. We numerically integrate the relevant cross sections over the statistical distribution functions of neutrons at thermodynamic conditions present in the NS crust. We compare our results to analytical calculations of these corrections based on a power-law behavior of the cross section. We find that although an analytical integration can simplify the calculation and incorporation of the results for nucleosynthesis networks, there are uncertainties caused by departures of the cross section from the power-law approach at energies close to the neutron chemical potential. These deviations produce non-negligible corrections that can be important in the NS crust.
Contribution of Excessive Supply of Solid Material to a Runoff-Generated Debris Flow during Its Routing Along a Gully and Its Impact on the Downstream Village with Blockage Effects
Authors: Chen Ming-liang , Liu Xing-nian , Wang Xie-kang , Zhao Tao , Zhou Jia-wen
Published: January 2019

On 8 August 2017, a runoff-generated debris flow occurred in the Puge County, Sichuan Province of southwestern China and caused huge property damage and casualties (25 people died and 5 people were injured). Emergency field investigations found that paddy fields, dry land, residential buildings and roads suffered different degrees of impact from the debris flow. This paper reveals the formation process of the debris flow by analyzing the characteristics of rainfall precipitation and sediment supply conditions in the study area and it approaches the practical application of hazard prevention and mitigation constructions. Doppler weather radar analysis indicates that a very high intensity rainfall occurred in the middle and upper zones of the basin, illustrating the importance of enhancing rainfall monitoring in high-altitude areas. The abundant supply of deposits in gully channels is among the significant causes of a transformation from mountain floods to large-scale debris flows. It was also found that the two culverts played an important role in the movement affecting the processes of debris flows which has substantially aggravated the destructive outcome. The excessive supply of solid material and local blockage with outburst along a gully must receive significant attention for the prediction of future debris flows, hazard prevention and mitigation measures.
Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis: A Comparison between Continuous and Event-Based Modeling of Streamflow Based on the Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran (HSPF) Model
Authors: Xie Hui , Shen Zhenyao , Chen Lei , Lai Xijun , Qiu Jiali , Wei Guoyuan , Dong Jianwei , Peng Yexuan , Chen Xinquan
Published: January 2019

Hydrologic modeling is usually applied to two scenarios: continuous and event-based modeling, between which hydrologists often neglect the significant differences in model application. In this study, a comparison-based procedure concerning parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis is presented based on the Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran (HSPF) model. Calibrated parameters related to base flow and moisture distribution showed marked differences between the continuous and event-based modeling. Results of the regionalized sensitivity analysis identified event-dependent parameters and showed that gravity drainage and storage outflow were the primary runoff generation processes for both scenarios. The overall performance of the event-based simulation was better than that of the daily simulation for streamflow based on the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE). The GLUE analysis also indicated that the performance of the continuous model was limited by several extreme events and low flows. In the event-based scenario, the HSPF model performances decreased as the precipitation became intense in the event-based modeling. The structure error of the HSFP model was recognized at the initial phase of the rainfall-event period. This study presents a valuable opportunity to understand dominant controls in different hydrologic scenario and guide the application of the HSPF model.
The Impact of Recreational Activities on Aquatic Vegetation in Alpine Lakes
Authors: Dynowski Piotr , Senetra Adam , Źróbek-Sokolnik Anna , Kozłowski Jacek
Published: January 2019

Tourism pressure on protected areas with attractive landscapes leads to environmental modifications. Eutrophication poses the main threat to the quality of water in alpine lakes. Even small inflows of biogenic elements can disrupt the ecological balance of these ecosystems. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that recreational activities and easy access to alpine lakes contribute to changes in their ecological status. This hypothesis was verified by analyzing the presence of hydromacrophytes in two lakes of the Tatra National Park (Poland). The analysis was carried out along segments of hiking trails which were evaluated for accessibility to the studied lakes. Underwater surveys were carried out during scuba diving expeditions in 2012–2016. Submerged vegetation was evaluated in both lakes. This is the first study in Poland and one of the few projects in the world to have relied on such extensive support from scuba divers to generate highly accurate measurements. The study demonstrated that lake bottoms were extensively covered by Potamogeton friesii in the vicinity of trail segments with easy access to lakes. Our results show that tourism pressure contributes to the growth of aquatic vegetation in some areas of alpine lakes. We relied on our findings to propose several modifications to the routes of the evaluated tourist trails to minimize the impact of anthropogenic pressure on the studied lakes.
Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au25(glutathione)18 catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation
Authors: Shahin Zahraa , Ji Hyewon , Chiriac Rodica , Essayem Nadine , Rataboul Franck , Demessence Aude
Published: January 2019

Au25(SG)18 (SG – glutathione) clusters deposited on ZrO2 nanoparticles have been used as a catalyst for benzyl alcohol oxidation. Calcination was performed at different temperatures to study the ligand and particle size effect on the catalytic activity. In contrast to most gold nanoclusters which have to be completely defunctionalized for maximum catalytic activity, the partially defunctionalized Au25(SG)18@ZrO2 catalyst, thermally treated at 300 °C, exhibits full conversion of benzyl alcohol within 15 h under atmospheric pressure with 94% selectivity towards benzaldehyde.
EFFICIENCY OF A BRAKING PROCESS EVALUATING THE ROUGHNESS OF ROAD SURFACE
Authors: Bogdevičius Marijonas , Vladimirov Oleg
Published: January 2019

Transport traffic safety depends on many factors; one of them being the efficiency of the vehicle braking. The efficiency of the vehicle depends on the reaction of the driver, the braking system, the quality of tires, the characteristics of the road surface. The vehicle with the hydraulic braking system and a disc brake with the wheel has been investigated. The dynamic models of the disk brake assembly and the wheel have been constructed. The braking distances of the vehicle with a hydraulic ABS on the asphalt concrete pavement with shortwave roughness and different initial velocity are obtained.
NAVIGATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF SHIPS
Authors: Paulauskas Vytautas
Published: January 2019

This paper describes new methodology of creating the criteria for assessing navigational risk. Various factors influencing the navigational risk assessment are described. The method of calculating and evaluating ship risk probability is presented in this paper. Practical methods of ship navigational risk probability and assessment with the explanation for particular regions are described. The paper concludes with identifying sea regions with more risk based on a large number of factors.
RESEARCH INTO THE APPLICATION OF BIODIESEL IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Lebedevas Sergejus , Vaicekauskas Andrius
Published: January 2019

The material of this publication presents the results of a complex research into the application of standard rapseed methyl ester (RME) and new types of biodiesels produced from waste of vegetable oil and animal fat in the transport sector of Lithuania. The analytical analysis of physical, chemical and thermodynamical properties of biodiesels is performed and its results are evualated during the formation of tasks of experimental motor tests and research into mathematical modelling. Their influence for the paramaters of a working process and exploiting characteristics such as power, fuel economy, reliability and harmful emission of gases is evaluated.
LONG-TERM OXIDATION STABILITY OF GASOLINE ON ACCOUNT OF MIR MONITORING
Authors: Andziulis Arunas
Published: January 2019

The problem of oxidation stability of petroleum products often arises under the protracted transportation or tankage of products in the maritime terminal storages or in the national repositories for a prolonged time. So, this paper presents the results of study of auto‐oxidation kinetics of hydrocarbons in the gasoline, carried out by applying the method of middle range IR spectroscopy (MIR) monitoring aimed at the prediction of fuel oxidation stability. The results of study enabled to propose the virtual chemometrical model based on the MIR spectrum analysis which was applicable for testers which register the changes in concentration of olefins. As the object of research there was taken the gasoline which was carrying JV; > 50–90 of different structures of C2‐C10 olefins in unordered set of hydrocarbons which degrade the petroleum product.
REDUCING FUEL CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSION IN MOTOR CARS
Authors: Mickūnaitis Valentinas , Pikūnas Alvydas , Mackoit Igor
Published: January 2019

The paper considers the problem associated with the dependence of fuel consumption and CO2 emission by automobiles on their characteristics such as mass, class, engine displacement, transmission and type of fuel used. Automobiles of various classes offered in Lithuanian market were investigated from the above perspective. The main factors determining different average fuel consumption and CO2 emission by these motor cars were identified. Some measures of reducing automobile fuel consumption and CO2 emission are offered.
Retours sur capital(e)
Authors: Bréant Hugo
Published: January 2019

Les réinstallations des émigré·e·s dans leur pays d’origine semblent s’accélérer ces dernières années. La nécessité de préparer son retour, de s’appuyer sur des ressources à la fois économiques et scolaires, rendent ce processus particulièrement sélectif. Si cet article souligne les logiques inégalitaires de ces migrations, il démontre avant tout le rôle prégnant du capital social dans ce phénomène. La possession d’un capital social en migration, mais surtout dans le pays d’origine, renforce les propensions au retour et accélère les réinstallations des émigré·e·s. L’article plaide donc pour une approche du capital social en migration qui soit plus attentive à sa dimension socialisatrice. Les émigré·e·s reviennent d’autant plus qu’ils ont été socialisé·e·s, par l’exemple et par la pratique, à la migration de retour par leur entourage familial et amical.
Déplacements
Authors: Bidet Jennifer
Published: January 2019

Dans quelle mesure la mobilité spatiale, le déplacement dans l’espace géographique, peut-elle être lue comme une matérialisation d’une mobilité sociale, d’un déplacement dans l’espace social ? Et dans quelle mesure ce déplacement géographique peut-il même être un facteur de mobilité sociale ? C’est en partant de ces questions classiques mais encore peu approfondies dans le cas des migrations internationales que cet article propose de réfléchir à l’appréhension de dynamiques sociales à une échelle dépassant les frontières de l’État-nation. À rebours d’analyses des parcours migratoires trop centrées sur l’adaptation culturelle, il s’agit de réfléchir aux outils permettant d’appréhender les trajectoires migratoires comme des trajectoires sociales se déployant sur plusieurs espaces sociaux définis par défaut comme nationaux. S’il convient d’une part de reconstituer des trajectoires complètes de migration, tenant ensemble l’objectivation de la position sociale de départ et celle d’arrivée, et les interrelations entre les deux, il apparaît nécessaire d’autre part de dépasser l’échelle des trajectoires individuelles ou collectives pour penser les relations et intersections entre les espaces sociaux dans lesquels se déploient ces trajectoires.
Le diagnostic psychologique de l’enfant : de nos principes scientifiques à nos pratiques professionnelles
Authors: Sultan Serge , Béliveau Marie-Julie
Published: January 2019

Cet article vise à identifier les grands défis qui sont posés par le diagnostic psychologique de l’enfant et à formuler des recommandations pour le développement de la pratique dans ce domaine. À partir des données probantes et de l’usage actuel de l’examen multiméthodes multi-informants, nous soutiendrons donc que le grand défi actuel n’est pas tant de faire appel à des techniques validées, mais d’intégrer les informations de l’examen dans une formulation de cas fidèle et valide. Étant donné le rôle majeur des biais de jugement auxquels nous sommes soumis, nous devons, en conséquence, développer une pratique probe de l’examen, fondé sur des garde-fous. Ces garde-fous s’appuient sur des compétences et une expérience autoréflexive que nous devons acquérir et maintenir en formation initiale et enrichir au cours de formations continues. Les cliniciens ont un grand rôle à jouer pour que les progrès scientifiques permettent une amélioration de la qualité du diagnostic psychologique de l’enfant.
Le benchmarking au service de l’égalité ?
Authors: Blanchard Soline
Published: January 2019

En 2013, le ministère des Droits des femmes lance, en partenariat avec un cabinet de conseil en gouvernance et un magazine économique, le Palmarès de la féminisation des instances dirigeantes du SBF 120, classement annuel des plus grandes entreprises françaises réalisé à partir d’indicateurs sur l’accès des femmes aux plus hauts postes. Cet article s’intéresse à la genèse et au processus d’élaboration de cet instrument inédit dans l’histoire de l’action publique pour l’égalité entre les sexes. Dans un contexte d’extension du benchmarking à un nombre croissant de sphères sociales et de thématiques, il analyse comment des protagonistes opérant dans des champs variés (économique, journalistique et politico-administratif) ont pu se rencontrer et faire converger leurs logiques d’action et leurs intérêts propres pour coproduire cet instrument. Si cette étude de cas éclaire certaines évolutions contemporaines de l’action publique pour l’égalité, elle montre aussi que, en contexte de New Public Management , la diffusion d’instruments incitatifs d’inspiration gestionnaire n’est pas forcément contradictoire avec le maintien d’instruments juridiques contraignants.
Territorialiser la politique de l’éolien maritime en France
Authors: Evrard Aurélien , Pasquier Romain
Published: January 2019

Après avoir incarné un modèle de décentralisation de la production et de la politique énergétiques, les énergies renouvelables s’inscrivent de plus en plus dans une logique de concentration industrielle et recentralisation décisionnelle. Celle-ci est particulièrement visible dans le domaine de l’éolien maritime, qui fait l’objet d’une politique volontariste conduite par l’État français mais mobilise également des acteurs locaux de nature diverse. Cet article propose d’analyser la nature de leurs interactions, en comparant la mise en œuvre de deux projets de grands parcs éoliens offshore en Bretagne et Normandie. Il croise les approches en termes de « gouvernance territoriale » et de « gouvernement à distance » et montre que la politique française de l’éolien offshore repose de plus en plus sur une forme hybride de gouvernance, où injonctions normatives descendantes et mobilisations ascendantes s’entrechoquent selon des logiques différenciées. Certes, l’État tient à sa disposition une palette d’instruments d’action publique (appels d’offres, instruments cartographiques, procédures de concertation et débat public, etc.) lui permettant de piloter à distance ces projets, pourtant présentés comme étant ancrés dans les territoires. Toutefois, ces derniers ne sont pas de simples récepteurs passifs : les acteurs locaux se réapproprient de façon stratégique ces dispositifs de pilotage à distance, en essayant de reconstruire « leur » territoire en fonction de leurs intérêts et de leurs représentations.
La vertu du sacrifice collectif. Antagonisme et valeurs morales dans le discours d’austérité en Italie et en Espagne (2010-2013)
Authors: Borriello Arthur
Published: January 2019

Le discours d’austérité, à travers la dépolitisation des enjeux économiques et la négation de l’existence de politiques économiques alternatives, va à l’encontre de la primauté du politique et de l’irréductibilité de l’antagonisme – tous deux susceptibles, cependant, de réapparaître dans les périodes de crise et de dislocation sociale. Cet article analyse la façon dont ce discours, à défaut de pouvoir éliminer toute trace d’antagonisme, le dévie vers des figures extérieures abstraites et l’exprime en termes moraux afin de préserver l’unité du corps social. L’analyse porte sur un corpus de 302 interventions de trois chefs de gouvernement italiens et espagnols (Mario Monti, José Luis Zapatero et Mariano Rajoy) entre 2010 et 2013, et combine lexicométrie et analyse des métaphores.
L’interprétation de la « part langagière » des conflits au travail : le juge et le linguiste
Authors: Debono Marc
Published: January 2019

À travers l’examen de la question des conflits au travail à l’Université française et leur judiciarisation, cette contribution s’intéresse au rôle joué par l’examen des corpus linguistiques dans l’évaluation de possibles infractions pénales. Une analyse scientifique de la « part langagière » (Boutet 2001) du conflit au travail qui viendrait informer, voire influencer, la qualification des faits par le juge est-elle vraiment souhaitable ? Dans la continuité de travaux antérieurs, l’objet de cette réflexion est de dépasser les déclarations en matière d’éthique des experts linguistes en cours de justice (ne pas prendre partie, neutralité, etc. : garde-fous autant illusoires que systématiquement mis en avant dans ces évaluations), pour affirmer la nécessité d’une prise de position épistémologique – et donc politique – sur le statut et l’interprétation de cette part langagière du conflit au travail, soumise au juge et, parfois, à des experts.
Immigrant gender and international trade
Authors: Bowen Harry P. , Pédussel Wu Jennifer
Published: January 2019

Cet article élargit l'analyse de Bowen et Wu (2013) en postulant que le genre d'immigration a un impact sur le mode de production et le commerce international (CI) tel que plus la proportion d'immigrants féminins (hommes) est élevée, plus il est probable que l'immigration et le commerce seront des compléments (substituts). L'enquête empirique soutient la prédiction que l’immigration féminine et le CI sont complémentaires tandis que l'immigration masculine et le CI sont des substituts. Cela pourrait impacter les politiques d'immigration.
Une approche institutionnelle du lien migration et commerce de services
Authors: Baudassé Thierry , Montalieu Thierry , Rabaud Isabelle
Published: January 2019

Nous analysons le lien entre exportations de services et immigration. Notre échantillon observe la migration de 191 pays vers 20 membres de l’OCDE en 2000, 2005 et 2010. Nous montrons qu’une part plus élevée de migrants dans une population accroît les exportations de services. Cet effet ressort particulièrement lorsque les immigrés proviennent de pays avec une faible qualité de régulation et de règles de droit. Leur connaissance profonde des usages locaux de leurs pays d’origine leur donne des compétences complémentaires à celles des natifs. 0n peut dire que le canal du coût à l’échange est pertinent.
Comment sortir de la crise des migrants ?
Authors: Issifou Ismaël
Published: January 2019

Les instabilités politiques à travers le monde ont entraîné l’afflux des réfugiés et migrants vers l’Europe ces dernières années. Ces vagues migratoires, qualifiées de crise des migrants de par leur ampleur, pèsent de manière inégale sur les pays européens et divisent les décideurs politiques dans leurs approches pour y faire face. Cet article propose d’inscrire la crise des migrants dans un contexte plus général des entraves à la globalisation et des défaillances institutionnelles dans les pays d’origine des migrants, afin d’analyser des stratégies pouvant aider à sortir de manière pérenne de cette crise.