bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pojęcie Boga (w obronie filozofii Spinozy)
Authors: Sołowjow Włodzimierz S.
Published: September 2014

The Polish translation from Russian of V. Solovjev’s article (1897). Solovyov justifies Spinoza before prof. A. Vvedensky who accused the author of Ethics of atheism. According to Vvedensky God as an infinite substance in Spinoza’s system has not a necessary attributes of God: the teleological activity and free will. As a consequence, that concept does not describe true God and it would be treated as atheism. Solovjev responds that the imperfect concept of God does not allow to perceived Spinoza’s philosophy as atheism.
Włodzimierza Sołowjowa i Aleksandra Wwiedienskiego spór o Spinozę
Authors: Obolevitch Teresa
Published: September 2014

The article is an introduction to the Polish translation of Vladimir Solovjev’s essay entitled The Concept of God. The Defense of Spinoza’s Philosophy. The debate between V. Solovjev and Russian Neo-Kantians A. Vvedensky (1897) is presented in the philosophico-historical context.
W kierunku indywidualności osoby
Authors: Buda Stanisław
Published: September 2014

At the beginning, the author presents some basic intuitions determining the necessity for philosopher’s reflections on not only numerical singularity, but also individuality. Then he considers briefly four selected types of individuality, namely: anything existing, the universe, a person and the Absolute. Nevertheless, for different reasons, in each of these cases it is possible to assume an impossible to fully express entity, that is, individuality. The next part develops the idea of a person’s individuality which stays directly linked with his or her permanent act of self-creation. The essence of the act would lie in a radical distinction between the person and any other human being as well as in generating the own, absolute personal otherness. At more accurate, largely speculative characteristics of this act it turns out to be necessary to redefine such categories like duty, responsibility, trust.
Między dramatyką a dialogiką
Authors: Kot Dobrosław
Published: September 2014

Józef Tischner’s philosophy of drama belongs to the tradition of philosophy of dialogue. However a “drama” (the keyword of that philosophy) origins in a different approach to philosophy of man. Whereas the dialogue is an encounter, a love, a responsibility for the Other, a lack of distance – the drama is a fight, tension, sometimes even a mortal combat. Dialogue is an opening for the Other while drama is a game between salvation and damnation. Tischner does explain fundamental human experience and human relations by this term in the same time. The tension between these two concepts is presented and considered in the paper. An analysis of contexts, where these terms appear, helps to see mutual influences and how they modify one another their meaning. The sense of dialogue changes in philosophy of drama, the drama acquires a new meaning. A term tension becomes crucial for this relation.
Romantyzm i narodziny myśli postsekularnej
Authors: Warchala Michał
Published: September 2014

The purpose of the paper is to use the concept of postsecularism to interpret some selected themes of the British and German Romanticism. Postsecularism is here understood in the sense given to this term by Jürgen Habermas, as a thought which: 1) takes Western secularization to be largely an accomplished fact, but at the same time: 2) claims that religion is an important source of meanings suitable for the secularized public sphere of (post)modern societies. The main contention of the paper is that one can find the roots of the postsecular thought thus understood in the period of Romanticism, in the works of such authors as William Wordswort, William Blake or Novalis. The Romantics assume that the main Christian intuitions, symbols or themes may be “saved”, but only within a highly idiosyncratic and heterodox conceptual framework.
Dynamizować „immanencję”
Authors: Sosnowski Maciej
Published: September 2014

The work of Agata Bielik-Robson is now linked, according to her own declarations, with contemporary postsecular philosophy. This text, which critically confronting two excerpts from her books related with the problem of “immanency”, was primarily intended to show how deep her writings are rooted rather in classical speculative thinking. Such an approach, I hope, shows at the same time that the nineteenth-century dialectics, even if it is not fully accepted by modern authors, sometimes allows to describe problems of their thinking better.
Przeciw melancholii, czyli spór Agaty Bielik-Robson z Giorgiem Agambenem a perspektywy witalizmu mesjańskiego
Authors: Zawisza Rafał
Published: September 2014

In the text Agamben’s theoretical project serves as a negative point of reference for the messianic vitalism of Agata Bielik-Robson. The aim is to indicate a tension characteristic of the “dynamic anthropology”, which could be equal to a subtle dialectics of strength and fragility, necessity and potency treated as “moments” of human being. Viewed from this perspective, Agamben’s narration seems melancholic because of its tendency to celebrate pure potentiality with a resentment towards facticity. It conceals the gnostic angst of occupying any position. As a consequence nuda vita genuinly becomes vulnerable to the sovereign power and the domination of death. Messianic vitalism not only avoids such downsides, but also is able to use them to its advantage, since it is at the same time a foundation of a concrete civilisation project and – which is more expressed in my article – a lynchpin of a sublime art of living.
Od „tragicznego” do „terapeutycznego” wymiaru filozoficznego etosu. Koncepcja filozofii w De consolatione Boecjusza
Authors: Subczak Marcin
Published: September 2014

The aim of this paper is to present metaphilosophical issues in Boethius’s De consolatione. His work takes up and continues the discussion of some ways of understanding philosophy and dimensions of philosophy, the sources of which are in the ancient tradition. In this paper I am going to point out that for Boethius philosophy is an art and a way of life. Having made this assumption, two other aspects of philosophy can be considered – the “tragic” and the “therapeutic” ones. While philosophical therapy has been frequently discussed by scholars as a dimension of Boethius’s “love of wisdom”, the “tragic” and “the way of life” aspects have not been rightly appreciated in their unity. The close relationship of these ways of understanding philosophy is evidenced by the fact, that their presentation in Boethius’s work takes the form of the sequence of events. At first we can see philosophy as a way of life, next there is a tragic end, and finally we can see philosophical therapy as a reaction to the tragedy. This paper aims at resolving the problem of philosophical ethos which combines the multidimensional approach to philosophy and makes the drama of “the way of life” so closely linked to the need of consolation.
The importance of free will and the experience of duty in the thinking of Karol Wojtyła and Immanuel Kant
Authors: Waleszczuk Zbigniew
Published: September 2014

By the ignorance of the motives of the critical philosophy Kant’s, many interpreters see his aim not in the rescue, but in the destruction of metaphysics. Kant’s practical philosophy is often misunderstood, as long as the expositors deny the unconditional validity of the moral law, “the only factum of pure reason”. The article tries to point out the similarities (the importance of free will and the experience of duty) in the thinking of Karol Wojtyła and Immanuel Kant. The moral experience, the demand of duty of the categorical imperative (Kant), personalistic standard (Wojtyła), shows the importance of self-determination/will decision towards the human act. Although Wojtyła admits in his work „person and act“, that just the Kant studies have helped to emphasize the will as a self determining factor of the person and the primacy of the will to the feelings, there is no lack of interpreters who like to overemphasize the great influences of Thomism and phenomenology (such as Max Scheler) on the thinking of the Krakow philosopher. Many interpreters ignore the cantian approach without comment. The goal of the article is therefore at least begin to fill this glaring omission. Wojtyła’s and Kant’s thinking is determined by the question of the freedom of the people. In the practical affirmation of the possibility of free actions – in the deed – the morality and dignity of human, which points to the unconditional – God – immortality of man – is revealed. Also Wojtyła, in the sense of Kant, stresses that the mind itself and with its own power is unable to reach the deity and man must engage on the uncertainty and the abyss of faith, when he leaves the island of pure reason. For Wojtyła, the ability to free, responsible, self-determining act is a sign of the inviolability of personal dignity and for Kant (similar to Augustine and Thomas) a determination of each person to the realization of the highest good. The two thinkers see the people in the light of the experience of duty – commandment of love – that can materialize only through action and deed. For Kant, implicitly for Wojtyła also the deference to God is done explicitly by the act.
Zagadnienie istoty prawdy w rozprawie Martina Heideggera Bycie i czas
Authors: Rożdżeński Roman
Published: September 2014

Heidegger claimed that traditional understanding of the truth as correspondence of the proposition with the entity is grounded in more primordial phenomena. He called them “the more fundamental truth”. Heidegger pointed out that the latter also comprise of such phenomena as Entdeckend-sein der Aussage and Erschlossenheit of the human Dasein. However, Heidegger’s attempt to call these phenomena as “the fundamental truths” can be justified only when they possessed so key character as the traditional concept of the truth. The latter understands its content as a basic regulative idea which is binding for all our thinking and talking about anything real. That is why the truth is considered as a necessary condition of possibility of any authentic bond among people. This key character of the truth does not exist in the mentioned-above phenomena. Hence, the attempt to call them “the truth” seems to be unjustified and mistaken.
Aquinas’ concept of change and its consequences for corporeal creatures
Authors: Dziurosz-Serafinowicz Dominika
Published: September 2014

This paper is a presentation of Aquinas’ concept of change (lat. mutatio) and its consequences for corporeal creatures (lat. creatura corporali). Within Thomas’ philosophy, it can be proved that creatures are sentenced to unceasing change and cannot stop changing. That’s why the very purpose of change – full actualisation – is never attainable. Creatures are imperfect beings, and ex sui natura cannot attain perfection. Such a vision can lead to a conviction that the world of corporeal creatures is absurd. A short solution to the problem of absurdity is given with the use of Aquinas’ concept of participation.The structure of this paper is as follows. In the first section some basic limitations for the sake of this paper are made. In the second the concept of corporeal creatures is outlined. The third section analyses the definition of change. The fourth one presents various kinds of change. The next three are, respectively, proof of the creatures’ unceasing change, impossibility of full actualisation, and imperfection. The last one is an abbreviated presentation of the concept of participation as a reply to the question of the world’s absurdity.
W stronę relatywizmu etycznego Ludwiga Wittgensteina
Authors: Szczęch Szymon
Published: September 2014

The article is a commentary on Rush Rhees’s paper Some developments in Wittgenstein’s view of ethics which appeared in “The Philosophical Review” in 1965. Rhees’s article falls into two parts. The first one features mainly the author’s comments on Wittgenstein’s Lecture on ethics, whereas in the second one Rhees relates a discussion on ethics which he had with Wittgenstein in the late period of the latter’s life. It is the second part that I focus on in my article and I consider points where Wittgenstein’s view of ethics has changed. Two most significant traits of his new approach are: the shift from analysing Ethics in itself to analysing various systems of ethics, and relativism. I discuss possible causes and consequences of this standpoint and its relation to Wittgenstein’s earlier thoughts about ethics.
Istnienie dzieła sztuki a jego tożsamość hermeneutyczna według Hansa-Georga Gadamera
Authors: Sołtysiak Marek
Published: September 2014

The first part of the article attempts to reconstruct Gadamer’s ideas concerning auto – presentation as the ontological essence of a work of art. It also addresses the claim that relates art to the nature of truth. The second part of the article touches on the analysis of the autonomy of a work of art and connected with it – its hermeneutical identity. For Gadamer, this hermeneutical identity of the work of art is characterized by three main features: The first, and principal feature, is the consistency of a repetition of the same features of each presentation that is, the repetition of an established truth concerning reality. The second feature is the continuity of the presentation of the work of art in relation to the tradition of its interpretation. While the third feature contained within a work of art is its occasional character, that is, the specific reason for its origin and its purpose.
Depresja jako „choroba na śmierć”
Authors: Kunisz Krzysztof
Published: September 2014

Depression is not a popular philosophical problem, despite the fact that it is one of the most frequent psychopathologies nowadays. The aim of the article is to consider the problem of depression as a philosophical one in terms of Cheshire Calhoun’s analytic work on depression and S.ren Kierkegaard’s philosophy of despair and anxiety. The author shows that the state of depression is connected to the sick man’s failure to be a living being due to the process that Calhoun calls “the defeat of an agency”. Calhoun claims that a man stops to be an active person because his will is disengaged due to his feeling of estrangement from his normative outlook of self-conception, his disbelief in the effectiveness of instrumental reasoning and lack of confidence in one’s security from misfortune and harm. The permanent state of this defeat leads to being disengaged from one’s very roots of being a motivated person. At this point living the being is opened to despair and anxiety, which are the means of creating a state of being as a “defeated agency”. The analysis of Kierkegaard’s work brings a new perspective of depression. A depressed person is one who is possessed by despair and anxiety. The analysis of different forms of despair and anxiety bring new light to the process of becoming depressed. It shows that the depressed person is in a permanent state of being “cut off” from life. This perspective leads to the conclusion that depression could be seen as Kierkegaard’s „Sickness Unto Death”.
Prevalence and Associated Factors for the Development of Anterior Open Bite and Posterior Crossbite in the Primary Dentition
Authors: Sousa Raulison Vieira de , Ribeiro Gabriella Lima Arrais , Firmino Ramon Targino , Martins Carolina Castro , Granville-Garcia Ana Flávia , Paiva Saul Martins
Published: September 2014

The aim of the study was to verify the prevalence of anterior open bite (AOB) and posterior cross-bite (PC) in the primary dentition and the association with sociodemographic factors, presence and duration of nutritive and non-nutritive habits. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 732 preschoolers in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Clinical exams were performed by three calibrated examiners (Kappa: 0.85-0.90). A questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data as well as nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits was administered to parents/caregivers. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Poisson regression analysis (α=5%). The prevalence of AOB and PC was 21.0% and 11.6%, respectively. AOB was significantly associated with the three-year-old age group (PR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.24-1.52), enrollment in public school (PR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.01-1.17) and duration of pacifier sucking ≥36 months (PR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.30-1.53). PC was associated with pacifier use (PR: 1.11; 95%CI: 1.05-1.17) and duration of breastfeeding <12 months (PR: 1.05; 95%CI: 1.00-1.10). Socioeconomic factors appear not to be related to AOB or PC in the primary dentition, except type of preschool. Breastfeeding should be encouraged for longer periods and the use of pacifier beyond 3 years of age represents a predisposing factor for both types of malocclusion, especially AOB.
Association between Trauma to Primary Incisors and Crown Alterations in Permanent Successors
Authors: Soares Fernanda Cunha , Cardoso Mariane , Bolan Michele
Published: September 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sequelae in permanent teeth that had their predecessors traumatized and investigate associated factors. The study was carried out with clinical and radiographic data from 137 patient charts of the Traumatized Patient Care Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil), totalizing 253 teeth. Data were gathered on gender, age at the time of trauma, type of trauma, type of post-trauma sequelae, trauma recurrence and crown alteration in the permanent successors. No statistically significant associations were found between permanent successor's crown alteration and gender, age at the time of trauma, post-trauma sequelae or trauma recurrence (p>0.05). Significant associations were found between severe trauma (crown fracture with pulp exposure, lateral luxation, intrusion and extrusion) in the primary incisors and permanent successor's crown alteration (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed an association between severe trauma to the primary incisors and permanent successor's crown alteration (OR: 4.1 - IC: 1.7-10.1). Alterations in the crown of permanent successors are associated with severe trauma to the primary incisors, as primary teeth affected by severe trauma have a fourfold greater chance of exhibiting permanent successor crown alteration in comparison to primary teeth that had minor trauma.
Effect of Acidic Solutions on the Surface Degradation of a Micro-Hybrid Composite Resin
Authors: Münchow Eliseu A. , Ferreira Ana Cláudia A. , Machado Raissa M. M. , Ramos Tatiana S. , Rodrigues-Junior Sinval A. , Zanchi Cesar H.
Published: September 2014

Composite resins may undergo wear by the action of chemical substances (e.g., saliva, alcohol, bacterial acids) of the oral environment, which may affect the material's structure and surface properties. This study evaluated the effect of acidic substances on the surface properties of a micro-hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z-250). Eighty specimens were prepared, and baseline hardness and surface roughness (KMN0 and Ra0, respectively) were measured. The specimens were subjected to sorption (SO) and solubility (SL) tests according to ISO 4049:2009, but using different storage solutions: deionized water; 75/25 vol% ethanol/water solution; lactic acid; propionic acid; and acetic acid. The acids were used in two concentrations: PA and 0.02 N. pH was measured for all solutions and final hardness (KMN1) and surface roughness (Ra1) were measured. Data were analyzed with paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=5%). All solutions decreased hardness and increased the Ra values, except for the specimens stored in water and 0.02 N lactic acid, which maintained the hardness. All solutions produced similar SO and SL phenomena, except for the 0.02 N lactic acid, which caused lower solubility than the other solutions. Ethanol showed the highest pH (6.6) and the 0.02 N lactic acid the lowest one (2.5). The solutions affected negatively the surface properties of the composite resin; in addition, an acidic pH did not seem to be a significant factor that intensifies the surface degradation phenomena.
Can Inorganic Bovine Bone Grafts Present Distinct Properties?
Authors: Desterro Fernanda de Paula do , Sader Márcia Soares , Soares Glória Dulce de Almeida , Vidigal Jr Guaracilei Maciel
Published: September 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of 3 mineralized bovine inorganic biomaterials and correlate them with the dissolution rate. Bio-Oss(r), GenoxInorgânico(r), and Bonefill(r) were examined using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area (BET), calcium/phosphorous molar ratio and a dissolution assay. Bio-Oss(r) showed a micro- and nanoporous structure consisting of 15-nm hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallites; Genox(r), a microporous structure composed of 39-nm HA crystallites; and Bonefill(r), micro- and nanoporous structure of indeterminable crystallite size. FTIR analysis showed that Bio-Oss(r) and Genox(r) were composed of calcium phosphate. The absorption bands of phosphate were poorly defined in Bonefill(r). By XRD, Bio-Oss(r) was shown to contain peaks related to the carbonated HA, whereas Genox(r) only contained peaks corresponding to HA. The broad bands in Bonefill(r) indicated low crystallinity. Bio-Oss(r) showed a greater surface area and calcium release rate than that of Genox(r). Although all biomaterials were of bovine origin, the different manufacturing processes result in materials with different physicochemical properties and may influence the biological and clinical response.
Antibacterial Power of Sodium Hypochlorite Combined with Surfactants and Acetic Acid
Authors: Giardino Luciano , Estrela Carlos , Mohammadi Zahed , Palazzi Flavio
Published: September 2014

The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the antibacterial power of 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid, 5.25% NaOCl and two commercially available NaOCl modified with surfactants in bovine root dentin. A total of 120 dentin tubes prepared from intact bovine incisors were infected for 21 days with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly divided into six groups as follows: 5.25%NaOCl; Hypoclean; Chlor-Xtra; 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid; infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes (negative control). At experimental times of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, dentin chips were collected using sequential round burs with increasing diameters in separate test tubes containing 3 mL of freshly prepared BHI. Statistical analysis were performed using parametric methods (one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, α=0.01). After culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. All the NaOCl solutions showed small number of CFU over 28 days. ChlorXtra and Hypoclean had the smallest number of CFU at all times with greater antimicrobial efficacy than 5.25% NaOCl and 1% NaOCl solution with 1% acetic acid.
Analysis of Factors Associated with Orthodontic Microscrew Failure
Authors: Dobranszki Adriano , Faber Jorge , Scatolino Isabela Von Muehlen Carvalho , Dobranszki Nara Pereira d´Abreu Cordeiro , Toledo Orlando Ayrton de
Published: September 2014

The objective of this study was to examine whether factors such as insertion site, patient's facial pattern, microscrew features, type of tooth movement desired, level of experience handling orthodontic microscrews and operator expertise were associated with failure of microscrews. After the approval of an ethics committee, 166 patients of one practice signed an informed consent and received 293 microscrews randomly distributed by 3 operators with different levels of practical experience and expertise in handling microscrews. The microscrews were observed in a period of 365 days or as long as orthodontic forces had to be applied and independent variables were recorded. Analysis by the chi-square test did not produce enough evidence as to allow the assertion that there was an association between the variable "failure" and the variables "maxilla" (p=0.4775), "face" (p=0.1081), "facial pattern" (p=0.7522), "microscrew length" (p=0.9113), "desired movement" (p=0.0584), and "operator" (p=0.5785). The variable "insertion side" was significantly associated with "failure" (p=0.0022). In a 365-day survival analysis, the Log Rank test yielded a p-value of 0.00178 for the curve of variable "insertion side," and showed no significant differences for other variables. With a total success rate of 87.38%, the only variable found to be significant was "insertion side" (p=0.0022), with 3.088 more likelihood of a microscrew failing if placed on the left side than on the right side. The procedure of inserting microscrews involved a rapid learning curve for an inexperienced operator, which justifies their placement by orthodontists.
Effect of Surface Treatment of Fiberglass Posts on Bond Strength to Root Dentin
Authors: Valdivia Andréa Dolores Correia Miranda , Novais Veridiana Resende , Menezes Murilo de Sousa , Roscoe Marina Guimarães , Estrela Carlos , Soares Carlos José
Published: September 2014

This study evaluated the influence of the surface treatments of fiberglass posts on bond strength to root dentin using push-out test. Forty bovine incisor roots were endodontically treated. The surface of the fiberglass posts (Exacto #2, Angelus) were treated using 4 different protocols (n=10): Control - 70% ethanol for 1 min; 37% phosphoric acid for 1 min; 10% hydrofluoric acid for 1 min; and 24% hydrogen peroxide for 1 min. After a silane coupling agent was applied for 1 min and all posts were cemented using self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem, 3M-ESPE). The roots were sectioned and two 1-mm-thick slices were obtained from each third: cervical, middle and apical. The specimens were subjected to the push-out test with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD tests (=0.05). The surface treatment (p<0.001) and root third region (p=0.007) factors were significant. The retention to root canal was affected by surface treatment type. The post surface treatment with 24% hydrogen peroxide for 1 min yielded significantly higher bond strength when the fiberglass posts were cemented with RelyX Unicem.
Cryosurgery as an Effective Alternative for Treatment of Oral Lesions in Children
Authors: Rezende Karla Mayra , Moraes Paulo de Camargo , Oliveira Luciana Butini , Thomaz Luiz Alexandre , Junqueira José Luiz Cintra , Bönecker Marcelo
Published: September 2014

Children can exhibit a wide variety of oral pathologies, such as oral lesions, bone lesions, tumors, cysts and cutaneous lesions. Different techniques have been described for the treatment of these lesions, but all of them are invasive. This paper presents a series of cases that demonstrate the clinical efficacy of cryosurgery as an alternative to invasive surgical treatments of the most common oral lesions in children. This technique has been well tolerated by patients due to the absence of anesthesia, rapid healing and minimal bleeding. Cryotherapy has many applications in oral medicine and is an extremely useful alternative in patients to whom surgery is contraindicated due to age or medical history. It is a simple procedure to perform, minimally invasive, low-cost and very effective in pediatric dentistry clinic.
Prevalence of Subgingival Staphylococcus at Periodontally Healthy and Diseased Sites
Authors: Santos Bruna Rafaela Martins dos , Demeda Clarissa Favero , Silva Eutália Elizabeth Novaes Ferreira da , Britto Maria Helena Marques Fonseca de , Lima Kenio Costa , Melo Maria Celeste Nunes de
Published: September 2014

Staphylococci are considered members of the transient oral microbiota and are seldom isolated from the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of subgingival staphylococci in healthy and periodontal disease sites. Sterile endodontic paper points were used to isolate subgingival staphylococci in periodontally healthy and periodontally diseased sites in 30 adult subjects (n=540 sites). Staphylococcus spp were identified by an automated method and confirmed by conventional biochemical tests. All the samples were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococci. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, chi-square and Fisher's exact test at 5% significance level. A total of 86.7% of the subjects harbored these microorganisms in 11.7% of their periodontal sites. The most frequently isolated species was S. auricularis, which was isolated from 31.4% of the periodontal sites, followed by S. epidermidis, isolated from 21.4% of them. There was no statistically significant difference between the frequencies of these species isolated either from the healthy and the diseased sites (p>0.153). Although staphylococci are present in the subgingival environment and contribute to the pathogenic synergism involved in periodontal diseases, the results suggest that they do not participate directly in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
In Vitro Microstructural Analysis of Dental Implants Subjected to Insertion Torque and Pullout Test
Authors: Valente Mariana Lima da Costa , Lepri Cesar Penazzo , Reis Andréa Candido dos
Published: September 2014

The change in the implant microstructure during handling may reduce the potential of surface treatment on the osteoinduction and, therefore, on the osseointegration. The aim of this study was to evaluate by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) the effect of insertion torque and pullout test on the microstructure of dental implants with different shapes. Four shapes of implants (n=8) were selected: conical with surface treatment (COTS), cylindrical with surface treatment (CTS), cylindrical with double surface treatment (CTSD) and cylindrical with machined surface (CSU). Before and after performing the mechanical tests, the screw surfaces were subjected to analysis of chemical composition by EDX. The results obtained by the microstructural analysis showed presence of three main chemical elements: Ti, C and O. There was a significant change in the concentration of Ti and C. The implant with double surface treatment (CTSD) showed the greatest Ti reduction and the greatest C increase. It may be concluded that the mechanical manipulation may alter the implant surfaces as regards their microstructure. Therefore, surgical planning should take into consideration the choice of surface treatment because the characteristics of the implants may be modified as they are inserted and removed from the bone site.
Development of Intracanal Formulation Containing Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Bruniera João Felipe Bonatto , Silva-Sousa Yara Teresinha Corrêa , Lara Marilisa Guimarães , Pitondo-Silva André , Marcaccini Andrea Marcia , Miranda Carlos Eduardo Saraiva
Published: September 2014

This study aimed to synthetize, characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles to be used in the development of a root intracanal formulation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained by reduction of silver nitrate with sodium borohydride and characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle formulation was evaluated by determinations of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against different bacterial species by the microdilution method, according to recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Three potential vehicles, hydroxyethylcellulose, Carbomer and polyethylene glycol were tested as carriers for formulations containing AgNPs. The efficiency of the synthesis method chosen to produce AgNPs was demonstrated by four characterization techniques. The nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against all species tested. Incorporation of AgNPs into all experimental vehicles produced stable formulations but the one in hydroxyethylcellulose presented better physical proprieties. The results indicate that silver nanoparticles are potential antiseptic agents to be used in root canals and incorporation in adequate vehicles may favor a broader application.
Evaluating sugarcane families by the method of Dynamic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (DTOPSIS)
Authors: Zhao Peifang , Todd James , Zhao Jun , Liu Jiayong , Yao Li , Hou Chaoxiang , Zan Fenggang , Xia Hongming , Yang Kun , Wu Caiwen , Chen Xuekuan
Published: September 2014

Enlarging the quantity of seedlings of elite families and discarding inferior sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families could improve sugarcane breeding and selection efficiency. The feasibility of using the method Dynamic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (DTOPSIS) method was explored to identify superior sugarcane families. Data on 5 traits: Brix, millable stalks per stool (MS), stalk diameter (SD), plant height (PH), and percent pith were collected from two family trials having 17 families and two check cultivars at two sites including plant-cane and first-ratoon crops. The rest of the seedlings were planted into field for routine selection in the regular program. The DTOPSIS method calculates a comprehensive index (Ci) which expresses the closeness of a solution to the ideal solution and was used in this study to test the distance of each family to the ideal family. The Ci of the families was compared to the family selection rate in the regular program by determining the selection rate at Stage 1 to Stage 4 for each family in the regular program. The result indicated that the Ci values calculated from family trials were significantly (p<0.01) correlated to the selection rate at Stage 2 (r=0.8059), Stage3 (r=0.7967), and Stage 4 (r=0.8202), and indicating that promising clones were selected from families with higher Ci values in the family trial. Thus, it could be feasible to use DTOPSIS to determine elite sugarcane families and to eliminate inferior families and thereby, increasing the variety selection efficiency.
Grain yield and agronomic traits in soybean according to crop rotation systems
Authors: Santos Henrique Pereira dos , Fontaneli Renato Serena , Pires João , Lampert Evandro Ademir , Vargas Ana Maria , Verdi Amauri Colet
Published: September 2014

The effects of crop rotation systems (CRS) on soybean yield and agronomic characteristics were evaluated from 1996/1997 to 2010/2011 at Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo (RS), Brazil. Four soil management systems (SMS) were compared, namely: 1) no tillage, 2) minimum tillage, 3) conventional tillage using a disk plow and a disk harrow, and 4) conventional using a moldboard and a disk harrow - and three CRS: system I (wheat/soybean), system II (wheat/soybean and common vetch/corn or sorghum) and system III (wheat/soybean, white oats/soybean and common vetch/corn or sorghum). This is a split-plot, randomized, complete block design with three replications. SMS were assigned in the main plot and CRS systems in the split-plots. This work addressed only data on crop rotation systems. There were no significant differences between the CRS for number of grains per plant, 1,000 grain weight and first pod height in soybean. The crop rotation for a summer, with corn or sorghum, propitiates a higher soybean yield compared with the other systems and monoculture soybean. The combination of conservation systems (no tillage and minimum tillage) and CR resulted in a higher soybean yield. The lowest grain yield and grain weight per plant were obtained in monoculture soybean.
Efeitos do PEG 3350 e de uma solução enteral, associados ou não ao Ringer lactato, e do NaCl 0,9% sobre a glicose, o lactato, o cortisol e a insulina de equinos hígidos
Authors: Gomes C.L.N. , Ribeiro Filho J.D. , Farias S.K. , Donner A.C.
Published: September 2014

Este estudo objetivou avaliar e comparar a glicose e o lactato plasmáticos, bem como a insulina e o cortisol séricos, em éguas hígidas, não gestantes, tratadas com: polietilenoglicol 3350 (PEG); ou polietilenoglicol 3350 associado ao Ringer lactato (PEG+RL); ou solução isotônica poliônica enteral (SIPE); ou solução isotônica poliônica enteral associada ao Ringer lactato (SIPE+RL); ou solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% (NaCl). A avaliação laboratorial foi realizada nos tempos: imediatamente antes do início dos tratamentos (T0h); com seis horas (T6h) e ao final dos tratamentos (T12h); com 24 (T24h) e 48 horas (T48h) após T0h. Não ocorreu alteração significativa no lactato plasmático. Ocorreu apenas um discreto aumento nos valores da glicose e da insulina no tratamento SIPE, ocasionado pela presença de maltodextrina. O cortisol aumentou nos animais de todos os tratamentos, porém menor nos animais do SIPE. Conclui-se que os tratamentos não alteraram os valores da glicose, do lactato e da insulina em éguas hígidas e que a hidratação enteral em fluxo contínuo realizada no tratamento SIPE ocasionou menos estresse nos animais.
Cloning, expression and characterization of SeM protein of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and evaluation of its use as antigen in an indirect ELISA
Authors: Moraes C.M. , Conceição F.R. , Rocha A.S.R. , Santos Júnior A.G. , Ribas L.M. , Vargas A.P.C. , Nogueira C.E.W. , Gil-Turnes C. , Leite F.P.L.
Published: September 2014

Strangles is an economically important horse disease caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. The diagnosis can be confirmed either directly by bacterial isolation and PCR or by ELISA, which is an indirect method based on the detection of serum antibodies. The aim of this study was to clone, express and characterize the SeM protein of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, evaluate its use as antigen in indirect ELISA and determine its performance to distinguish sera of negative, vaccinated and positive animals. This was initially performed by cloning the gene encoding the SeM protein and its expression in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, the protein produced was characterized and used as antigen in ELISA. Serum samples for evaluation were taken from 40 negative foals, 46 horses vaccinated with a commercial vaccine against strangles and 46 horses diagnosed with the disease. The test showed high specificity and sensitivity, allowing discrimination between negative and positive, positive and vaccinated animals, and vaccinated animals and negative sera. Thus, it was concluded that the protein produced rSeM, which can be used as antigen for disease diagnosis, and the described ELISA might be helpful to evaluate the immune status of the herd.
Crescimento vascular em membrana do saco vitelínico e desenvolvimento embrionário de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) expostas a campo magnético de baixa frequência
Authors: Silva M.M.S. , Almeida T.H.S. , Costa E.V.L. , Silva J.E.S. , Nogueira R.A.
Published: September 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar a influência do campo magnético (CM) de baixa frequência na membrana do saco vitelínico (MSV) e no desenvolvimento do embrião de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) em 72 horas de incubação. Ovos fertilizados foram expostos a nove horas consecutivas de CM, sendo um grupo a partir das 48 horas e o outro a partir das 63 horas de incubação. A quantificação da vascularização da MSV foi determinada pela obtenção da dimensão fractal por meio dos métodos de box-counting e de dimensão de informação, enquanto o peso corporal e o percentual de comprimento cefálico dos embriões foram utilizados como parâmetros de desenvolvimento embrionário. O CM não causou diferenças significativas na densidade vascular da MSV nem no desenvolvimento embrionário, quando comparados ao grupo controle.
Dinâmica da população de coliformes durante a compostagem automatizada de dejetos líquidos de suínos
Authors: Sá M.F. , Aita C. , Doneda A. , Pujol S.B. , Cantú R.R. , Jacques I.V.C. , Bastiani G.G. , Oliveira P.D. , Lopes P.D.
Published: September 2014

Microrganismos presentes em dejetos de suínos podem contaminar o meio ambiente. Embora a compostagem seja preconizada como um método eficiente para reduzir este potencial poluidor dos dejetos, existem poucas informações de pesquisa sobre tal processo. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência da compostagem automatizada dos dejetos líquidos de suínos (DLS) na redução da população de coliformes, usados como indicadores de poluição fecal. Os DLS foram adicionados periodicamente, durante 106 dias, em substrato constituído pela mistura, em partes iguais, de maravalha e serragem. Foram efetuadas 14 adições de DLS, e em cada adição as leiras de compostagem eram revolvidas por meio de uma máquina especialmente desenvolvida para este fim. Foram avaliados dois tratamentos com três repetições, sendo um com e outro sem adição de ácido fosfórico aos dejetos, até pH 6,0. A adição de ácido visou reduzir as perdas de N por volatilização de amônia (NH3) durante a compostagem. A avaliação da população de coliformes foi feita pela técnica do número mais provável (NMP), com uso do caldo Fluorocult, incubado a 37ºC por 24h e posterior leitura em luz ultravioleta. A população de coliformes fecais não foi afetada pela adição de ácido fosfórico. O processo de compostagem automatizada foi eficiente na redução de coliformes fecais, cuja população original passou de 4,2x1010 para 1,2 x 105 ao final da compostagem (156 dias) sem adição de ácido e de 3,8x1010 para 2,3x104 na compostagem com adição de ácido. Essa remoção de coliformes fecais, promovida pela compostagem automatizada dos dejetos líquidos de suínos, corresponde a 99,99 %.
Fatores ambientes e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos do perímetro escrotal na raça Nelore
Authors: Gressler S.L. , Gressler M.G.M. , Bergmann J.A.G.
Published: September 2014

Foram analisadas mensurações de perímetro escrotal (PE) obtidas aos 365 (PE365, n = 8.564), 455 (PE455, n = 7.463) e 550 (PE550, n = 4.447) dias de idade, com o objetivo de estimar parâmetros genéticos e verificar a adequação do ajuste do modelo de análise de PE para os efeitos de peso ou ganho de peso (GP). Os parâmetros foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, com o aplicativo MTDFREML, sob modelo animal e com a inclusão de 54.987 animais na matriz de parentesco. A inclusão no modelo dos efeitos de peso e do GP não influenciou os valores de estimativa de herdabilidade (h2) nas três idades. As h2 variaram de 0,50 a 0,59, dependendo do modelo, sem diferenças importantes entre as três idades estudadas. Os resultados indicaram a possibilidade de ganho genético no PE por meio da seleção direta para esta característica. A melhor idade para seleção do PE seria aos 365 dias.
Sertolioma unilateral como causa de morte súbita por hemorragia interna em ganso Anser cygnoides
Authors: Sesterhenn R. , Ferreira T.Z. , Fallavena L.C.B. , Pianta C. , Moraes H.L.S. , Kindlein L.
Published: September 2014

Um ganso adulto macho (Anser cygnoides), da família Anseriformes, de idade desconhecida, proveniente de uma criação da Universidade Luterana do Brasil, foi encontrado morto, sem apresentar histórico clínico, e foi submetido à investigação post mortem no Setor de Patologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário. Com base nos achados de necropsia e no exame histopatológico, definiu-se como causa da morte do animal hemorragia interna em razão da ruptura de vasos sanguíneos em uma neoplasia no testículo direito (sertolioma), com metástase no fígado.
Ecobiometria ocular de cães glaucomatosos
Authors: Tramontin M.H. , Montiani-Ferreira F. , Froes T.R.
Published: September 2014

Foram estudados olhos glaucomatosos de cães referidos no serviço de diagnóstico por imagem. Os pacientes foram submetidos à ultrassonografia em modo B de alta resolução para realização de biometria ocular, por meio da qual foram realizadas as seguintes medidas: espessura central da córnea, profundidade da câmara anterior, espessura da lente e profundidade da câmara vítrea. Para tal, foi realizada contenção física e instilado colírio anestésico. Foram aferidas a PIO e a paquimetria da córnea e, em seguida, foi realizada a ultrassonografia em modo B nos dois olhos. Além da diferença óbvia de PIO, maior nos bulbos glaucomatosos, os resultados mostraram-se estatisticamente significativos em dois parâmetros: aumento da profundidade da câmara vítrea nos casos de glaucoma crônico (1,24±0,26cm; P=0,01) quando se comparou aos olhos controle e aumento da espessura da córnea também nos casos de glaucoma agudo (0,987±0,28cm; P=0,027), quando se comparou aos olhos controle e aos olhos com glaucoma crônico. Observou-se que a câmara vítrea é a estrutura intraocular que mais contribui no processo de expansão de volume do bulbo (buftalmia) durante o glaucoma.
Uso de modelos lineares mistos na avaliação genética de escores visuais: estudo de simulação
Authors: Duitama L.O. , Farah M.M. , Utsunomiya A.T.H. , Ono R.K. , Pires M.P. , Fonseca R.
Published: September 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação da metodologia de modelos lineares mistos em características de escores visuais por meio de simulação, considerando-se duas estruturas populacionais (com e sem seleção), dois níveis de herdabilidade (0,1 e 0,4) e quatro níveis de conectabilidade (8, 20, 38 e 60%). As populações com e sem seleção estavam constituídas por 6660 e 3360 animais, respectivamente, dos quais os últimos 2460 animais tinham fenótipo para o escore visual. Assumiu-se uma variável contínua adjacente ao escore visual, a partir da qual foram definidos os intervalos correspondentes a cada categoria de escore visual. O processo de simulação foi feito por meio do software R, e a estimação de parâmetros e predição de valores genéticos pelo software Wombat, sob modelo animal, considerando-se modelos com e sem efeitos fixos. Os critérios de avaliação foram: o erro quadrático médio (EQM) para a herdabilidade e as correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos verdadeiros e preditos. As estimativas da herdabilidade apresentaram-se próximas do valor verdadeiro nos cenários sem seleção (0,084-0,101 e 0,367-0,389), no entanto este resultado não ocorreu quando houve seleção, pois a herdabilidade apresentou-se subestimada (0,032 e 0,278). As correlações apresentaram-se maiores nos cenários sem seleção e com herdabilidade de 0,4 (0,86-0,89). Em todos os cenários simulados, a inclusão do efeito fixo no modelo melhorou as estimativas de herdabilidade e as correlações entre os valores genéticos verdadeiros e preditos. O nível de conectabilidade afetou a correção dos efeitos fixos feita pela atribuição dos escores. Em conclusão, a metodologia dos modelos lineares mistos pode ser utilizada na estimação de parâmetros e predição de valores genéticos de escores visuais em populações sem seleção, entretanto não se apresenta adequada em populações sob seleção.