bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alman Hukukunda Terörizm Kavramı ve Terörle Mücadele
Authors: Özaydın Özdem
Published: January 2024

There is no clear definition of terrorism in Germany. However, there are regulations in the German Criminal Code (StGB) that include the word "terrorist organization". While § 129a StGB regulates the crime of establishing a terrorist organization, § 129b StGB regulates how to punish terrorist organizations if they are based abroad. Although the aforementioned regulations are evaluated in terms of their historical dimension in this study, they are discussed in terms of the fight against terrorism. In this framework, the concept of terrorism is tried to be explained.
Karşılaştırmalı Hukukta Terörizm ve Terör Suçları
Authors: Soyaslan Gülen
Published: January 2024

Although terrorism is a frequently used concept in national and international law, it is also a notion shaped by political interests, which has led to states being unable to reach a consensus on its definition. Each state determines the scope of terrorism and terror crimes based on its own constitutional system, historical background, sociological structure, and threats that have been posed to the existence of the state throughout the history. Therefore, in order to comprehend terrorism, it is essential to assess the major crises that countries have encountered in their histories, threats to the existence of states, terrorist organizations, and the sociological structure of a country. This study will address the historical background of the concept of terrorism, its general scope, and efforts to define terrorism at the international level. It will emphasize the distinctions between terrorism and ordinary crimes, as well as its differences from guerrilla warfare. Furthermore, the definitions of terrorism and the scope of terror crimes in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Turkey will be evaluated considering the structures and terrorism issues of these states. The assessment will be made on the basis of the three common elements of terrorism definitions: terrorist acts (actus reus), terrorist purpose (mens rea), and an organization if necessary. The similarities and differences among these states will be highlighted. In this context, the recent trend in some countries’ laws towards punishing relatively remote preparatory acts of terrorism will also be discussed. Additionally, a general perspective on Turkish “Counterterrorism Law” will be outlined, and evaluations will be made regarding the scope and types of terror crimes.
Alman Federal Yüksek Mahkemesi ve Yargıtay Kararları Çerçevesinde Terör Örgütünün Onayı Olmaksızın Üyeliğe Katılmanın Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Kahraman Recep
Published: January 2024

Terrorist organisation and other organised crimes are generally differentiated in terms of purpose and method. Nevertheless, in Turkish and German law, the crimes of establishing a terrorist organisation and becoming a member of a terrorist organisation are mostly evaluated by referring to the classical crime of establishing an organisation. Within the framework of organisational requirements, a person who subordinates himself/herself to the hierarchical structure and uses his/her activities to fulfil the purpose of the organisation is called a member. Becoming a member means joining an established organisation. Although there is a minority opinion to the contrary in the doctrine and Turkish and German judicial decisions, the will to become a member depends on the approval of the organisation. It is not possible with unilateral will. According to the German Federal Court of Justice, membership of an organisation is not an accidental act. A person who consciously subordinates himself or herself to the will of the organisation and thus becomes part of the common will must be known and approved by the organisation. There are great contradictions in the decisions of the Turkish Court of Cassation. In some decisions, it is accepted that it is sufficient to carry out activities on behalf of the organisation in order to become a member, while in others it is accepted that the will to become a member cannot be unilateral for reasons such as secrecy, loyalty and discipline. In a terrorist organisation, the existence and functioning of a hierarchical structure, which expresses a concrete unity, and the establishment of control, authority and dominance over the members go hand in hand. For this reason, the will of the organisation is decisive in decisions regarding organisational requirements and it is not possible to become a member against the will of the organisation.
TCK M. 221 Hükmünün Değerlendirilmesi ve Alman Ceza Kanunu Düzenlemeleri Işığında Örgüt Faaliyeti Çerçevesinde İşlenen Amaç Suç Bakımından Da Etkin Pişmanlığın Uygulanabilirliği
Authors: Karaaslan Reşit
Published: January 2024

Provisions pertaining to active remorse/repentance play an instrumental role in counteracting criminal syndicates. Within this legal framework, Article 221 of the Turkish Penal Code (tPC) stands out as a significant clause. Specifically, pursuant to Article 221/4 tPC, individuals who either establish or lead an entity as delineated in Article 220/1 tPC, affiliate with such an entity as articulated in Article 220/2 tPC, commit offenses in the name of the entity even if not a formal affiliate as depicted in Article 220/6 tPC, or consciously and voluntarily bolster the said entity as expounded in Article 220/7 tPC, might, contingent upon certain prerequisites, avail the benefits of the provisions related to genuine contrition “even if they perpetrate an offense within the ambit of the entity’s operations.” In this academic exploration, Article 221/4 tPC is critically appraised through the lens of jurisprudential doctrine and precedents. Subsequently, the stipulations within the German Penal Code (gPC) on this matter are elucidated. It’s pivotal to recognize that the Turkish legislative framework postulates that an individual who “solely” gains from the active remorse/repentance clause would either evade conviction or receive a more clement sentence as per Article 220 tPC. Contrastingly, the tPC lacks a clause that dictates either an exoneration or a more lenient penalty for offenses executed under the auspices of organizational activities. Conversely, the German legislative body has incorporated a stipulation analogous to Article 221/4 tPC concerning the felonies of (terroristic) entities in Sections 129 and 129a (7) gPC, but with an expanded scope. Specifically, Section 46b gPC facilitates active remorse/repentance “also concerning specific objectives of offenses executed within the organizational operations.” Within the ambit of the German Penal Code, a judicial body, while adjudicating an individual’s contributions, is thereby empowered to consider both the active remorse/repentance when penalizing for organizational felonies and the active remorse/repentance when penalizing for specific objective offenses. This research, post scrutinizing the applicability of Article 221/4 tPC, delves into the merits and demerits of a framework mirroring Article 46b of the German Penal Code in combating organized crime.
Terör Suçlarında Etkin Pişmanlık
Authors: Aksan Murat
Published: January 2024

Since the institution of effective remorse is regulated in our law for certain crimes, in the communiqué, firstly, the terrorist crimes for which the institution of effective remorse can be applied have been identified. Then, the institution of effective remorse to be applied in terrorist crimes was tried to be explained. Since the concept of terrorism does not belong to substantive criminal law, the crime of terrorism is not as a type of crime but rather as a category/group of crimes. As a matter of fact, there is no discrete crime definition as a terrorist crime in our legislation. Some crimes included in the Anti-Terrorism Law are foreseen as terrorist crimes. However, in our legislation, there is no shared effective repentance institution for the category of terrorist crimes. Even no clearly regulated effective repentance is foreseen for an discrete terrorist crime. Since ATL art. 7 refers to TPC art. 314 and TPC art. 314/3 also refers to TPC art. 220, effective repentance in TPC art. 221 can only be applied to organized terrorist crimes. The communique explain that effective repentance provisions stipulated in Article 221 for persons who establish, manage or become members of an organization, or who commit a crime on behalf of the organization or knowingly and willingly aid the organization, although they are not members. These effective regret provisions have been tried to be explained separately in terms of their elements.
Terörizmin Finansmanı Suçu ile (TFÖHK m. 4/1) Silahlı Terör Örgütüne Yardım Suçunun (TCK m. 314/3, m. 220/7, m. 314/2) Ayrımı
Authors: Çakır Kerim
Published: January 2024

Terror and terrorism which prevent the sovereignty of states and individuals to live in safety, peace and prosperity threats both at national and international level. In response to this threat there are important regulations in Turkish Penal Code (TPC) numbered 5237, in Law to Fight Terrorism (Anti-Terror Law) numbered 3713 which prepared particularly and in Law on Prevention of Financing Terrorism numbered 6415 which is reflection of international conventions that we are party of. Detection, following and prevention of aid to terrorist organization and financing of terrorism is important with regard to anti-terrorism. However, it is usually confused “crime of financing of terrorism” that regulated in article 4 of Law on Prevention of Financing Terrorism numbered 6415 with “crime of aid to armed terrorist organization” that regulated in articles 220/7 and 314/2 with the reference of article 314 of TPC numbered 5237 and it seems that distinction between them objectively in the context of joinder of offences cannot be made in practice. Because of the similar regulations in the legislation, there are no uniform practice on these crimes. In this study, distinction between these crimes will be explained based on crime theory and by giving place to decisions of supreme court and ideas in doctrine as well in the study.
Örgüt Propagandası Fiilinin Örgüte Kişi Kazandırmak Şeklinde Düzenlenmesi Gerekliliği Üzerine Alman Ceza Hukuku İle Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme
Authors: Tulay M. Emre
Published: January 2024

Criminal organization, in Turkish Criminal Law, is basically defined in Art. 220 of Turkish Penal Code. For the crime of ‘armed organization’, Art. 314 of the Turkish Penal Code and for terrorist organizations, the provisions of the Anti-Terrorism Code come to the fore. But what is essential in organized crime is the formation of the structural elements listed in Art. 220 of the Turkish Penal Code. One of the typical actions foreseen in the Anti-Terrorism Code and in Art. 220 and Art. 314 of the Turkish Penal Code is 'propaganda of organization'. Due to the sensitivity of the border between the criminal act and freedom of expression, the changes made in 2013 necessitated a different interpretation of the typical action. When evaluated in itself and together with the act of aiding the organization, it should be considered to what extent the current provision is compatible with the act of propaganda and also possibilities for legal change should be evaluated. § 129 StGB and the opinions expressed regarding this provision are an important guide in the analysis of the subject.
Terör Örgütünün Propagandasını Yapma Suçu Açısından Propaganda Vasıtalarını Bulundurmanın Ceza Hukuku Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Zahit
Published: January 2024

Terrorism is a phenomenon that needs to be combated both nationally and internationally. In this respect, the fight against terrorism is an issue closely related to criminal law. In our legislation, not only the destructive activities of terrorist organisations involving force and violence, but also the propaganda of these organisations are sanctioned. This is because propagandising terrorist activities is among the aims of terrorism. Article 7, paragraph 2 of the Anti-Terrorism Law No. 3713, regulated as "Making propaganda of a terrorist organisation in a way that legitimises or praises the methods of the terrorist organisation that involve force, violence or threats, or encourages resorting to these methods", and the type of crime called the crime of making propaganda of a terrorist organisation has been established for this purpose. Propaganda, which can be defined in many different ways, is mostly instrumental. Our study aims to evaluate the possession of propaganda means in terms of criminal law in regard to crime of making propaganda of a terrorist organisation. In this context, it will be endeavoured to explain what the concepts of propaganda and means of propaganda mean and to provide information on how the possession of propaganda means is evaluated in the doctrine and judicial decisions. Finally, in the light of this information, our opinion on how the issue should be handled in terms of criminal law will be given.
Terör Örgütünün Faaliyeti Çerçevesinde İşlenen Suçların Soruşturulması ve Kovuşturulmasında Tanıkların Kimliğinin Gizli Tutulması – AİHM Kararları Işığında Uygulamanın İncelenmesi
Authors: Turhan Faruk , Belci Ozancan
Published: January 2024

In the investigation and prosecution of crimes committed within the framework of the activities of a terrorist organisation, it has been accepted to apply witness protection measures against persons whose life, physical integrity or property of themselves and their relatives listed in the law are faced with a grave and serious danger due to their testimony and whose protection is mandatory. It is obvious that these measures impose a significant limitation on the right to interrogate or have interrogated prosecution witnesses, which is guaranteed under Article 6/3-d of the European Convention on Human Rights. It is certain that the defence will face extraordinary difficulties if the identity of the witness is kept secret and his/her voice and image are altered.The European Court of Human Rights has set out in its judgements the criteria that must be met in order not to violate the defendant's right to a fair trial, despite the use of secret witness statements in sentencing. Especially after 2016, it is seen that in the investigation and prosecution of crimes alleged to have been committed within the framework of the activities of a terrorist organisation, the statements of witnesses whose identity is kept secret are frequently relied upon, these witnesses are heard in a separate environment outside the hearing, certain limitations are imposed on the right of the defendant and defence counsel to ask questions, and there are serious problems in practice.In this study, the extent to which the criteria of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the use of secret witness statements in the conviction of the accused in the investigation and prosecution of terrorism offences are taken into consideration in practice, and whether the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Witness Protection Law are sufficient to meet the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights are examined.
Terör Örgütü ve Terör Örgütünün Faaliyetleri Çerçevesinde İşlenen Suçlarda Gizli Koruma Tedbirlerinin Uygulanması
Authors: Kaymaz Seydi
Published: January 2024

Obtaining evidence related to criminal organizations, including terrorist organizations, is very challenging. This is because secrecy is fundamental within these structures, there is a hierarchical relationship among members, and a certain level of discipline is maintained. Therefore, obtaining evidence related to organized crime and criminal organizations requires the application of more sophisticated and covert measures. In this study, topics such as monitoring communication decided and conducted secretly, the appointment of covert investigators, and the use of technical tools for surveillance measures in cases of terrorist organization crimes and organized crimes will be examined.
Alman Federal Finansal Hizmet Sağlayıcıları Denetleme Kurumu’nun (BaFin) Terörizmin Finansmanının Önlenmesine Dair Yetkileri ve Uygulamaları
Authors: Ölmez Gökhan
Published: January 2024

This study analyses the practice developed by the German Federal Financial Service Providers Supervisory Authority (BaFin), which supervises the entire financial system in Germany, within the framework of the prevention of the financing of terrorism. BaFin, as an actor of the multi-component system adopted in Europe for combating laundering of assets arising from crime and financing of terrorism, identifies the current financing of terrorism risks in the German financial system, both internationally and nationally, and concretises the analysis of concrete risk sources and internal security measures to be taken by the relevant obligors in order to combat these risks. Within the scope of its supervisory activity, BaFin monitors whether the relevant obligors fulfil the obligations imposed on them and in case of a breach of obligation, various sanctions are imposed by BaFin against the obligor in question. The application of financial risk management system in connection with the prevention of financing of terrorism is the subject of this study.
Türk Ceza Hukukunda Özel Tehlikeli Suçlu Kavramı ve Özel Tehlikeli Suçlulara Özgü İnfaz Rejimi
Authors: Özbek Veli Özer
Published: January 2024

Dangerous criminality emerges with dangerous criminals. The determination of this characteristic of the offence and the offender is within the field of criminology. The concepts of dangerous criminal or highly dangerous (high risk) criminal should be understood as concepts presented to determine the how the sanctions and execution regime should be regulated in the field of criminal law and execution law. In Turkish criminal law, the concept of "dangerousness" is included in two main legislations: Turkish Penal Code (TPC) and Law on the Execution of Sentences and Security Measures (LESSM). When the provisions of the TPC and the LESSM are analyzed, it is seen that the specific execution regime to be applied to the groups of criminals who can be described as "dangerous" is not limited to Article 108 of the LESSM but is disseminated in various provisions. The most important problem for dangerous/high dangerous offenders is reintegration into society. Two main institutions stand out in the LESSM regarding to reintegration into society: rehabilitation and probation. However, it is unclear whether these institutions, especially in terms of dangerous criminals have achieved their objectives in Turkey or whether there is really a success in recovery and reintegration into society since there is not enough data available. At least, academia does not have sufficient data to make any assessment. The Ministry should be faster and more transparent in sharing up-to-date data.
Terör Suçlarında Kabul Edilen Farklı İnfaz Düzenlemelerinin Ayrımcılık Yasağı ile Bağlantılı Olarak Kişi Özgürlüğü ve Güvenliği Hakkı Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Turan Hüseyin
Published: January 2024

Article 19 of the Constitution and Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights (Convention) stipulate that everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. However, the situations in which persons may be deprived of their liberty are also listed in a limited manner in the same articles. The first exception to the deprivation of the right to liberty and security is the execution of sentences restricting liberty decided by the courts. In this respect, the execution of prison sentences as a result of convictions by judicial bodies is, as a rule, not considered a violation of the right to liberty and security. There is no explicit regulation regarding the execution of sentences in Article 19 of the Constitution and Article 5 of the Convention. However, the fact that everyone has the right to liberty and security and that the limitations to this right are set out in detail in the aforementioned articles means that no one can be arbitrarily deprived of this right. As a consequence of that, the execution of a conviction by a competent court and the period of detention in a prison may be considered within the scope of this right. In addition, acting in accordance with the decision of the criminal courts is a necessity in order to protect this right. In principle, Article 19 of the Constitution and Article 5 of the Convention does not guarantee a convicted person the right to benefit from conditional release or probation. However, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has stated that the situation may differ when the competent authorities, having no discretionary power, are obliged to apply such a measure to any individual who meets the conditions of entitlement laid down by law. In this framework, the probation measures and conditional release in Articles 105/A, 107 and 108 of the Law No.5275 on the Execution of Sentences and Security Measures (Execution Law) are considered within the scope of the execution of a conviction. In terms of benefiting from these measures, some differences are accepted for those convicted of terror crimes in the Law on Execution of Sentences and the Anti-Terror Law No. 3713. In this study, whether this difference poses a problem in terms of the prohibition of discrimination within the framework of Article 10 of the Constitution and Article 14 of the Convention is examined together with the right to liberty and security of person.
Terör Suçlarından Hükümlü Olanların Koşullu Salıverilme Şartları
Authors: Karakehya Hakan
Published: January 2024

Conditional release is an institution of execution law that frequently occupies the public agenda. This institution, which has been criticized for providing a de facto permanent amnesty for convicts, becomes much more controversial, especially for crimes that threaten the social order more seriously, such as terrorist crimes. Although there are theoretical justifications such as increasing the motivation of convicts towards rehabilitation, the most common actual use of conditional release is to make room for new convicts in overcrowded prisons. In fact, the first discovery of this institution was to achieve the same purpose. In this paper, after defining the concepts of conditional release and terrorist crime, the conditions under which conditional release will occur in terrorist crimes will be examined. In this context, different views in the doctrine, judicial precedents and especially the decisions of the ECHR on the subject will be used.
Hapis Cezasının Konutta İnfaz
Authors: Koç Ziya
Published: January 2024

Execution at home is a special execution procedure recognized by law. It is essential that the prison sentence be served at the convict's home instead of being served in prison. Within the framework of the conditions stipulated in the law, execution at home may be decided before or after the execution of the sentence begins. The authority and discretion to decide on this issue belongs to the execution judge. There are some benefits to serving a prison sentence in residence. The most important of these is the reduction of the number of convicts in the penal structure. Likewise, first-time offenders or minors should be kept away from the negative conditions of penal institutions. In this sense, execution at home seems to be an important option. Execution regulations at home are included in comparative law as well as in our law. It is observed that similar objectives are pursued in the laws of various countries.
Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararları Çerçevesinde Terör Suçundan Hükümlü ve Tutuklu Olan Kişilerin Mektuplarının Denetlenmesi
Authors: Çelik Başbozkurt Özlem
Published: January 2024

While it is an important necessity for convicted and detained persons to communicate with the outside world for the purpose of rehabilitation, it is possible that the person may use such communication for the purpose of causing a crime to be committed, endangering the security of the execution institution or communicating with other members of the organisation. In Article 22 of the Constitution, the reasons for limiting the freedom of communication, especially the reasons of public order and prevention of crime, draw attention at this point. It is important to establish a balance between the exercise of the right to communication by these persons and the necessity to restrict communication, and it is regulated that the right may be restricted only for certain reasons. The reasons for limitation and the limitation procedure are regulated in the Constitution and the Execution Law No. 5275, as well as in the Execution Regulation and the Execution Regulation. In these regulations, special provisions on the communication of convicts and detainees with their lawyers and especially the registration of the letters of terrorism and organised crime convicts in UYAP are important. In practice, it is observed that in some cases, measures are taken to prevent the person from exercising his/her right even though the restriction is not necessary. Therefore, this interference has been the subject of individual applications to the Constitutional Court many times. In particular, the correspondence of convicted and detained persons convicted of terrorism offences may face a direct intervention without evaluating whether the correspondence is of an organisational nature. Again, the prevention of these persons from exchanging letters with their lawyers and the recording of their letters in UYAP has been and is on the agenda of the Constitutional Court many times. In this study, in the light of the applications made by persons convicted and detained for terrorism offences, these issues will be tried to be put forward with concrete examples.
Sempozyum Genel Değerlendirme ve Sonuç Raporu
Authors: ÖZGENÇ İzzet
Published: January 2024

Sempozyum Genel Değerlendirme ve Sonuç Raporu
Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture – A review
Authors: Pavankumar Challa , Kukreja Sarvjeet , Ramya Kalakanti
Published: January 2024

There is a sharp decline in Indian agricultural production from 3.6% in 1985- 1995 to nearly 2% in 1995- 2005. To reach the goal of 4% increment in agricultural production we must use sustainable agricultural practices keeping in view of the environment. Nanotechnology is emerged as a new solution which counters the growing harmful consequences of conventional farming techniques that neither increase the output nor bring the environment back to its original position. Nanotechnology uses different particle sizes varying from 1-100 nanometres and can deliver the nutrients precisely. The different applications of nanotechnology in agriculture like nano fertilizers, nano pesticides etc are gaining interest amongst farmers and scientists. This has the potential in reducing the chemical fertilizers and pesticides, in minimising nutrient loss via leaching and to enhance the yields through precise nutrient management, Nanotechnology is also utilised at various phases of agricultural practices like packaging, processing, storing, and agricultural goods transit. Food security, agriculture, and natural resources are important areas to focus on for sustainability, susceptibility, and human existence on this planet. Following the implementation of sustainable agriculture, the nanotechnology in agricultural fertilizers and pesticides is an encouraging and alternative solution to pest control and nutrient management. This paper gives brief information about how nanotechnology works and helps to overcome the problems related to agriculture.
Isolation of Urease Producing Bacteria to Produce Biocement via MICP Process
Authors: Rayate P.S. , Kale A.S. , Kadbhane A. S. , Waggh K.R.
Published: January 2024

In the present study alkaliphilic bacteria, isolated from paddy field i.e. rich in urea was used for production of biocement. Urea hydrolysis is carried out by enzyme urease and is the most effective way of the generating calcium carbonate via producing CO3+ and NH3+. Ammonia increases the pH in the environment causing Ca2+ and Co3+ to precipitate in the form of calcium carbonate, which can be used as biocement. It is one of the mechanisms of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). Among the 5 isolates, potent urease producer which can tolerate urea up to 3.5% was used for the study. Tap and Borewell water having hardness of 22 mg/ml and 17 mg/ml was used for the biocement production. Urease activity was calculated using electrical conductivity method and it was in the range of 1.602-1.901 mS/min. In vitro biocement was produced by isolate (B) by incubating it for 7 days and the biomass precipitated was filtered, air dried and analysed by SEM and FTIR. The present ecofriendly approach can be potentially useful for removal of water hardness along with production of biocement.
Effect of System of Rice Intensification and organic manure on growth and yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Shreya Medha , Debbarma Victor
Published: January 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm during Kharif season 2022, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The objective was to study the effect of System of Rice Intensification and organic manure on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The result showed that treatment six (T6) [25 cm x 25 cm + FYM (18t/ha)] recorded significantly higher plant height (86.73 cm), maximum number of tiller/plant (21.77), plant dry weight (29.98 g), crop growth rate at 80 -100 days after transplant (DAT) (4.98 g/m2/day), relative growth rate at 80 -100 DAT (0.0146 g/g/day), higher number of panicles /plant (13.33) higher number of grains / panicle (155.67) higher test weight (24.92g), higher grain yield (5.73t/ha), higher straw yield (6.13 t/ha) harvest index (48.24%) compared to other treatment combination.
Assessing the Impact of Seedling Age and Number in Enhancing Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Yield Performance under Delayed Transplanting Conditions
Authors: Borah Indrani Debasmita , K. Singh Aditya , Borah Shibani Ritusmita , Devi Okram Ricky , Laishram Bibek , Raj Akarsha , Singh Shubham
Published: January 2024

The experiment’s findings demonstrated that seedlings of 40 days old and planted in groups of four established themselves well and grew more swiftly than seedlings of other ages and numbers. This is probably due to improved LAI efficiency and higher tillers, which allowed for the retention of more plants till harvest, increasing plant dry weight, hence, consequently resulted in much greater yield.
Response of Toria (Brassica campestris var. Toria) to Integrated Nutrient Management in Central Plain Region of Punjab, India
Authors: Balana Saania , Kumar Rajesh , Rana Navjot , Singh Mandeep , Saini Sahil
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2022-23 at the Department of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University in Phagwara, Jalandhar (Punjab). The objective was to explore the implications of integrated nutrient management on the growth, yield and economic feasibility of toria. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of twelve different treatments. Results revealed that treatment T2 (50% RDF + 50% RDN through Vermicompost) attained the highest values in plant height (61.05 cm, 120.21cm and 140.97 cm), number of primary (7.62 and 9.84) and secondary (8.17 and 11.34) branches, dry matter accumulation (8.30 g plant-1, 28.34 g plant-1 and 65.53 g plant-1) at all observation stages of the experiment which are statistically at par with treatment T3. In terms of yield attributes and yield of toria, treatment T2 (50% RDF + 50% RDN through Vermicompost) produce5d maximum number of siliquae (201.62), seeds per siliqua (11.87), seed yield (1450 kg ha-1), stover yield (2848 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4413 kg ha-1) which were in statistical terms, at par with treatment T3 (50% RDF + 50% RDN through FYM). The influence of different integrated plant nutrient management, treatment T2 (50% RDF + 50% RDN through Vermicompost) showed maximum value of gross returns (90,953 Rs ha-1). However, in terms of net returns (51,041 Rs ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.53), T1(RDF 100%) exhibit the greatest values. Furthermore, the control plots showed least values over other treatments at all the observation stages of the experiment.
Impact of nutrition garden on availability of Child nutrition requirement under Dibrugarh District, Assam, India
Authors: Saikia S.B. , D. Sharmah  , S. Baruah  , S. Sarma  , S. Paul
Published: January 2024

In present day context fulfilling the nutritional requirement of a person as per RDA is lacking due to various reasons such as adulteration in food, lack of awareness in nutrition of food items, method of cultivation of crops, preparation of recipes which leads to under nutrition in many individuals in the society. The present study was conducted in 2019-20, 2021-22 in Dibrugarh district to find out the impact of nutritional garden in Anganwadi centres. The result of the study revealed an improvement in availability and utility of vegetables from the gardens for beneficiaries of the centres. The per capita availability of all the nutrients increased especially in protein from 4.54% to 50%. The knowledge level of anganwadi workers and helpers increased highest in post harvest management and value addition from 30% to 93% after attending training programme, awareness programmes and interactions with targeted beneficiaries. Establishment of nutrition garden in anganwadi centres contributes to nutrient availability above 50 % in protein, vitamin A & vitamin C and increased vegetable consumption (45.00 %) in the selected centres.
Investigation on Effect of Sowing Dates and Cutting Management on Physiological Characteristics of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) variety JD – 1
Authors: Uikey Pragya , Nair Reena , Sharma Ankita , Arya Shikha , Nath Srishti
Published: January 2024

Agronomic practices, genetics and environmental factors explicitly affect growth, development and yield of crop plant, so study of these factors is crucial. The present study was conducted at Vegetable Research Centre, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur, (M.P.) to study effect of sowing dates and cutting management on different parameters of coriander var. Jawahar Dhaniya - 1. The experiment was laid out on factorial randomized block design with 2 factors viz. Sowing date and cutting management. The investigation consisted of five level of sowing date (20 October, 30 October, 9 November, 19 November and 29 November) and four level of cutting management (0 cutting,1 cutting, 2 cutting and 3 cutting). Analysis of variance showed that effect of sowing dates and cutting management on physiological parameters i.e., Dry matter production, Light transmission ratio (LTR), Energy interception (EI), Total chlorophyll content, Leaf area index (LAI) and Crop growth rate (CGR) is significant
Environmental Impact Assessment using Social Network Analysis and Data Mining
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Mishra Mohit , Kr Pathak Amit , Kr Dubey Dharmendra , Singh Brahmpal
Published: January 2024

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a crucial process for evaluating and mitigating the potential environmental impacts of human activities. Traditional EIA methods often focus on direct physical impacts, but fail to capture the complex social interactions and behaviors that contribute to environmental degradation or sustainability. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in leveraging social network analysis and data mining techniques to enhance EIA by incorporating social dynamics into the assessment process. This research abstract proposes an innovative approach that harnesses social network analysis and data mining to improve environmental impact assessment. By analyzing social networks and link data, such as online interactions, collaboration patterns, and information sharing, this research aims to identify influential actors, communities, and behavioral patterns that are significant in shaping environmental outcomes. The research will employ various data mining techniques, including network analysis, machine learning, and statistical modeling, to extract meaningful insights from the collected social network and link data. These insights will be used to develop predictive models that can anticipate the potential environmental impacts of specific activities or interventions. The findings of this research have the potential to inform policy decisions, shape sustainable development strategies, and promote environmentally conscious behaviors within communities. By incorporating social network analysis and data mining into the EIA process, stakeholders can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the social dynamics that drive environmental impacts and take proactive measures to mitigate negative effects. Ultimately, this research aims to bridge the gap between traditional environmental assessments and the complex social systems that influence environmental outcomes, leading to more effective and sustainable decision-making processes.
Effect of microbial inoculated crop residue recycling on soil properties and field pea yield
Authors: Shinde Reshma , Shahi Dhirendra Kumar , Mahapatra Prabhakar , Naik Sushanta Kumar , Singh Chandra Shekhar , Verma Shikha , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: January 2024

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of crop residue (CR) recycling and microbial culture application on the yield and nutrient uptake in field pea crop. The experiments were designed in factorial RBD with 15 treatments consisting of three crop residues and five microbial treatments to crop residue having two replications each. Application of paddy straw @ 5.0 t/ha and inoculating Trichoderma viridi with 1% nitrogen increased the crop yield by 11.75% over the control, enhanced the total nutrient uptake, and improved the soil’s properties. Thus, crop residue application with microbial inoculation and nitrogen supplementation can be an effective in situ residue management approach in field pea.
A Review Study of the diversity of fishes in the Western Ghats of India
Authors: S. Kolwalkar  , P. Deb
Published: January 2024

The states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu are all traversed by the Western Ghats. The Narmada-Tapi, the Northern Deccan Plateau, the Southern Deccan Plateau, the Southern Eastern Ghats, and the Western Ghats are the five main ecoregions or categories that the freshwater rivers and streams in the Western Ghats fall under. With about 140,000 species of macroscopic fungi, plants, and animals, this freshwater contains ecosystems with some of the highest levels of biological diversity on Earth, accounting for around 12% of all documented species in rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Currently, there are about 18,000 species of fish found in fresh water, and each year, hundreds of new species are discovered. There have been 290 species of freshwater fish studied from the Western Ghats, which are divided into 11 orders, 33 families, and 106 genera. Few of these can also survive in habitats with brackish or salt water. Cyprinidae (72 species), Balitoridae (34 species), Bagridae (19 species), are the families in this area with the highest number of species. The present review study elaborates on the diversity of fishes in the western ghats.
Combining Ability Analysis for Yields and Its Components in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Parveen Shama , Singh P.K. , Sachan Vedant
Published: January 2024

Present investigation was carried out in Kharif 2022 to assess the magnitude than the general combining ability (GCA) effects for all the characters, indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene action for characters under study. The results indicate the presence of substantial variability in the selected materials for the study. The estimated components of variance for specific combining ability (SCA) effects were larger in magnitude than the general combining ability (GCA) effects for all the characters, indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene action for these characters. The estimates of GCA effects showed that the parents 418 R and 1358 R were good combiner for all the traits studied except number of grains/cm2 and fodder yield/ plant, respectively. The hybrids MS- 88004 A x 418 R and MS-863 A x 260 R were found superior with high SCA effects for seven important traits including grain yield as well as fodder yield per plant. Whereas, the crosses namely; MS-98222 A x 1358 R, MS-841 A x UCC-23 R, MS-841 A x 1404 R and MS-94555 A x 268 R registered higher SCA effects for the six important economic traits, including grain yield per plant. The crosses namely; MS-98222 A x 1358 R, MS-841 A x UCC-23 R, MS-841 A x 1404 R and MS-94555 A x 268 R registered higher SCA effects for six important economic traits, including grain yield per plant. These crosses were identified as superior and can be effectively utilized for hybrid breeding program.
A Linear Programming Approach to Sustain Groundwater by Optimization of Cropping Plan
Authors: Prasath G. Arun , D. Velmurugan  , R. Venkataraman  , S. Sathiyamurthi
Published: January 2024

Groundwater is the predominant source of irrigation in several places where there are less surface water sources like river, streams, dams etc., Groundwater is available at the ease of disposal, which paves way for its continuous pumping. This continuous pumping of groundwater in some places exceeds annual quantity of groundwater recharge and the region is termed as over exploited region. Coimbatore district is one among them, where groundwater is extracted beyond its recharge and the district has 26 over-exploited firkas among the total 38 firkas. Hence Coimbatore district in the Western Agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu is purposively selected for this study. The objective of the study is to calculate the quantity of water available from different sources for irrigation, to compute the water requirements of different crops and to optimise cropping area for sustaining groundwater with increased profits. The study was based on secondary data with the application of CROPWAT software to compute crop water requirements and Linear programming for sustainable groundwater use in the study area. Total water available for irrigation from different sources and potential irrigable area by the sources were calculated. As area to be irrigated by dams and tanks reduces, there arises the need for excess groundwater causing overexploited regions. Hence optimised cropping area to sustain groundwater was computed. The results were to reduce the area under paddy and sugarcane and to increase the areas of less water consuming crops like pulses, millets, groundnut, maize, etc. The study concludes that the gap between potential irrigable area by dams and tanks and actual area irrigated by them to be reduced, bridged and optimized cropping plan may be followed to sustain groundwater.
Water Productivity of Irrigated Agriculture in Different Irrigation Environments of Tamil Nadu: Potential Areas for Improvement
Authors: T.M. Kamesh  , Kumar D. Suresh , A. Vidhyavathi  , K. Nagarajan  , M.R. Duraisamy
Published: January 2024

Water Productivity (WP) refers to the efficiency with which water resources are utilized to achieve desired outcomes, such as agricultural production, industrial processes, or domestic use. Irrigated agriculture in World Cropland is accounted as only 16 per cent but those lands yield some 36 per cent of the total world yield water supply for use in irrigated lands may be limited as a result of increased water use. The objective of the study is to explore the scope for water productivity enhancement in irrigated agriculture of different irrigation environments in Tamil Nadu. Purposive and multi-stage sampling technique is followed for the selection of study area and sample respondents. The Physical Water Productivity (PWP) and Economic Water Productivity (EWP) of a purely irrigated crop are estimated under different irrigation methods/ technologies. In order to know the potential of water control in improving crop water productivity, the incremental changes in crop yield and crop water productivity to irrigation were analyzed. The results indicates that PWP are 0.4 kg of paddy, 0.45 of groundnut and 0.5 kg of black gram in tank irrigation environment, 1.7 kg of maize, 5.26 kg of tapioca, 0.26 kg of sorghum in well irrigation environment, 0.2 kg of paddy, 0.35 kg of turmeric, 5.16 kg of sugarcane and 1.04 kg of banana in canal irrigation environment. The EWP are Rs. 1.61 for paddy, Rs. 2.98 for groundnut and Rs. 18.42 in black gram in tank irrigation environments, Rs. 5.78 in maize, Rs. 4.69 in tapioca and Rs. 9.03 in sorghum in well irrigation environments and Rs. 0.98 in paddy, Rs. 9.69 in turmeric, Rs. 1.66 in sugarcane and Rs. 3.43 in a banana crop of canal irrigation environments. The regression values for the yield response to irrigation dosage are quite tiny. It is possible to claim that irrigation alone cannot fully account for fluctuations in yield. There are three basic types of irrigation dose responses for yield and water production. In the first instance, the yield and applied water have a positive but shaky connection, while the reaction of the WP to applied water is inverse and exponential. The second scenario is one in which there is a substantial and positive correlation between applied water and yield,
Do Green bonds enhance stock returns and financial performance: A literature Review
Authors: Lamba Ashu
Published: January 2024

The aim of the research is to present a literature review in the background of green bonds. The literature review has been carried out to understand the view on the effect of issue of green bonds on the stock prices and financial performance. Most research studies show more pronounced evidence of issue of green bonds producing a favourable stock reaction. There is conflicting evidence suggesting the issuance of green bonds enhances the financial success of the firms
Green Hotels and their effect on Urban Sustainability
Authors: Rajak  , Reddy Pavan , Yash  , Patil Sushant , Sahare Homraj Anandrao , Upadhyay Hina
Published: January 2024

The environment and resources have been depleted as a result of increased urbanization and industrialization. One of the industries with the fastest growth in terms of economy is Tourism. Although it is beneficial in case of providing employment, business opportunities and also boosts the economy of the country.It also contributes to the environmental problems. The study revealed that about 2% of 5% of global carbon-di-oxide emission is by the tourism sector. A significant portion of the tourism sector is comprised of the hotel industry.As the hotel industry is resource intensive, it faces the challenge of energy conservation, waste management, and water management. On the other side, customers are looking forward to choosing eco-friendly practices, and the pressure is now enhanced on the hoteliers to adopt eco-friendly policies to achieve a green image to attract customers. Many Hotels have started sustainable growth strategies so that they contribute to social responsibility besides gaining profits. Apart from this government officials have to implement strict policies and guidelines in order to encourage the hoteliers to achieve sustainable goals.This paper summarizes green hotels, their challenges, their sustainable practices, green hotel rating tools, and their benefits for hotels.