bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury. XXI. The Legacy Resolved Stellar Photometry Catalog
Authors: Williams Benjamin F. , Durbin Meredith , Lang Dustin , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Smercina Adam , Merica-Jones Petia Yanchulova , Weisz Daniel R. , Bell Eric F. , Gilbert Karoline M. , Girardi Léo , Gordon Karl , Guhathakurta Puragra , Johnson L. Clifton , Lauer Tod R. , Seth Anil , Skillman Evan
Published: September 2023

We present the final legacy version of stellar photometry for the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey. We have reprocessed all of the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys near-ultraviolet (F275W, F336W), optical (F475W, F814W), and near-infrared (F110W, F160W) imaging from the PHAT survey using an improved method that optimized the survey depth and chip-gap coverage by including all overlapping exposures in all bands in the photometry. An additional improvement was gained through the use of charge transfer efficiency (CTE)–corrected input images, which provide more complete star finding as well as more reliable photometry for the NUV bands, which had no CTE correction in the previous version of the PHAT photometry. While this method requires significantly more computing resources and time than earlier versions where the photometry was performed on individual pointings, it results in smaller systematic instrumental completeness variations as demonstrated by cleaner maps in stellar density, and it results in optimal constraints on stellar fluxes in all bands from the survey data. Our resulting catalog has 138 million stars, 18% more than the previous catalog, with lower density regions gaining as much as 40% more stars. The new catalog produces nearly seamless population maps that show relatively well-mixed distributions for populations associated with ages older than 1–2 Gyr and highly structured distributions for the younger populations.
Atmospheric Reconnaissance of TRAPPIST-1 b with JWST/NIRISS: Evidence for Strong Stellar Contamination in the Transmission Spectra
Authors: Lim Olivia , Benneke Björn , Doyon René , MacDonald Ryan J. , Piaulet Caroline , Artigau Étienne , Coulombe Louis-Philippe , Radica Michael , L’Heureux Alexandrine , Albert Loïc , Rackham Benjamin V. , de Wit Julien , Salhi Salma , Roy Pierre-Alexis , Flagg Laura , Fournier-Tondreau Marylou , Taylor Jake , Cook Neil J. , Lafrenière David , Cowan Nicolas B. , Kaltenegger Lisa , Rowe Jason F. , Espinoza Néstor , Dang Lisa , Darveau-Bernier Antoine
Published: September 2023

TRAPPIST-1 is a nearby system of seven Earth-sized, temperate, rocky exoplanets transiting a Jupiter-sized M8.5V star, ideally suited for in-depth atmospheric studies. Each TRAPPIST-1 planet has been observed in transmission both from space and from the ground, confidently rejecting cloud-free, hydrogen-rich atmospheres. Secondary eclipse observations of TRAPPIST-1 b with JWST/MIRI are consistent with little to no atmosphere given the lack of heat redistribution. Here we present the first transmission spectra of TRAPPIST-1 b obtained with JWST/NIRISS over two visits. The two transmission spectra show moderate to strong evidence of contamination from unocculted stellar heterogeneities, which dominates the signal in both visits. The transmission spectrum of the first visit is consistent with unocculted starspots and the second visit exhibits signatures of unocculted faculae. Fitting the stellar contamination and planetary atmosphere either sequentially or simultaneously, we confirm the absence of cloud-free, hydrogen-rich atmospheres, but cannot assess the presence of secondary atmospheres. We find that the uncertainties associated with the lack of stellar model fidelity are one order of magnitude above the observation precision of 89 ppm (combining the two visits). Without affecting the conclusion regarding the atmosphere of TRAPPIST-1 b, this highlights an important caveat for future explorations, which calls for additional observations to characterize stellar heterogeneities empirically and/or theoretical works to improve model fidelity for such cool stars. This need is all the more justified as stellar contamination can affect the search for atmospheres around the outer, cooler TRAPPIST-1 planets for which transmission spectroscopy is currently the most efficient technique.
Libration- and Precession-driven Dissipation in the Fluid Cores of the TRAPPIST-1 Planets
Authors: Bansal Dhananjhay , Christie Hannah S. , Dumberry Mathieu
Published: September 2023

The seven planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 have sizes and masses similar to Earth and mean densities that suggest that their interior structures are comprised of a fluid iron core and rocky mantle. Here we use idealized analytical models to compute estimates of the viscous dissipation in the fluid cores of the TRAPPIST-1 planets induced by mantle libration and precession. The dissipation induced by the libration at orbital periods is largest for TRAPPIST-1b, of the order of 600 MW, and decreases with orbital distance, to values of 5–500 W for TRAPPIST-1h, depending on its triaxial shape. Extrapolating these results to the larger libration amplitudes expected at longer periods, dissipation may perhaps be as high as 1 TW in TRAPPIST-1b. Orbital precession induces a misalignment between the spin axes of the fluid core and mantle of a planet, the amplitude of which depends on the resonant amplification of its free precession and free core nutation. Assuming Cassini states, we show that the dissipation from this misalignment can reach a few TW for planets e and f. Our dissipation estimates are lower bounds, as we neglect ohmic dissipation, which may dominate if the fluid cores of the TRAPPIST-1 planets sustain magnetic fields. Our results suggest that dissipation induced by precession can be of the same order as tidal dissipation for the outermost planets, may perhaps be sufficient to supply the power to a generate a magnetic field in their liquid cores, and likely played an important role in the evolution of the TRAPPIST-1 system.
Two Views from the FORUM archive
Authors: Martin Jane
Published: September 2023

The following two articles are taken from the FORUM archive. First published in the autumn of 1981, they offer a restatement of comprehensive principles in the context of the educational policies of the incoming Conservative government from 1979. The first thing Margaret Thatcher's
education secretary, Mark Carlisle, did was to repeal Labour legislation that required non-selective planning. Bolton, Essex, Kent and Kingston upon Thames withdrew proposals to go comprehensive immediately.
 For reasons of ideology – the 1977 green paper Education in Schools
made it clear that there was no evidence that education standards had fallen and that more children were better educated than before comprehensive education became national policy – the 1980 Education Act reflected right-wing desires to return to selective education, to support
private education, to introduce market forces into education, via parental choice. It also removed the obligation on local authorities to provide free school milk and meals for children, except for those from families on supplementary benefit, in order to save money.
 In the face
of present realities, the FORUM editorial board felt clarity was needed to provide direction and purpose. This was the backdrop against which Clyde Chitty and Roger Seckington wrote and their words reflect the language of the time. Unequal opportunities and the underachievement of
children from racial and ethnic minorities had become a serious policy issue, partly due to race riots, or urban disorders as they were termed, in various parts of Britain, notably Brixton in London and Toxteth in Liverpool in April 1981.
Pandemic: An opportunity for implementing early years pedagogy beyond reception in England
Authors: Armstrong-Jegorova Chloe
Published: September 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic confronted practitioners with many challenges. For those of us working in early years and key stage 1, it also provided opportunities to sustain child-centred and play-based approaches to learning for longer than is usually the case. This reflective article draws
on direct experience to argue for the importance of such approaches to learning, and to advocate their value in year 1 (and beyond) as well as in reception.
Penser la plateforme Uber au prisme de l’épistémologie de la communication organisationnelle
Authors: Parrini-Alemanno Sylvie , El Bourkadi Salma
Published: September 2023

Nous considérons les plateformes numériques marchandes comme de nouvelles formes organisationnelles, marquées par un organizing managérial et caractérisées par une forte dimension matérielle (par opposition à humaine). Nous observerons les processus info-communicationnels qui régissent la plateforme du transport de personnes VTC (véhicule de transport avec chauffeur) Uber et sa nature sociotechnique, les incidences sur les acteurs humains qui y participent, ses modalités spécifiques de médiation à partir de l’éclairage de deux approches de la communication dite organisationnelle : la Communication Constitutive des Organisations (CCO) et les Approches Communicationnelles des Organisations (ACO). Des entretiens semi-directifs de type récit de vie montrent une hyper-rationalisation par des procès informationnels organisants.
Maintenir les soignants des EHPAD en poste par la satisfaction des besoins fondamentaux
Authors: Roussillon Soyer Claude
Published: September 2023

Cet article, en mobilisant la théorie de l’auto-détermination, a pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet médiateur de la motivation autonome dans la relation négative entretenue entre les trois besoins fondamentaux d’autonomie, de compétence, d’appartenance sociale et l’intention de quitter le métier de soignant. Les résultats de l’étude, sur un échantillon de 303 soignants en EHPAD (Établissement d’Hébergement pour Personnes Agées Dépendantes), contribuent à clarifier empiriquement et dans un même modèle ces liens supposés théoriquement. Cette étude a également pour intérêt de considérer séparément l’effet des trois besoins fondamentaux pour mettre en avant leurs effets différenciés sur la motivation autonome et l’intention de quitter. La finalité de l’étude vise à proposer un management innovant basé sur la satisfaction des trois besoins fondamentaux comme gage de motivation, afin d’éviter durablement des comportements de retrait et maintenir en poste les soignants.
Des sœurs dans la guerre. Poursuivre les activités de soins en Indochine française (1939-1946)
Authors: de Rugy Marie
Published: September 2023

Si l’historiographie consacrée à la Seconde Guerre mondiale en Indochine est désormais riche, elle n’aborde pas la place des congrégations féminines missionnaires, leur expérience de la guerre et les recompositions de leurs activités durant la période. C’est pour commencer à combler ce manque que cet article, fondé essentiellement sur les archives des Franciscaines Missionnaires de Marie et des Filles de la Charité, se concentre sur les activités de soins des sœurs. Trois périodes apparaissent : jusqu’à l’invasion japonaise du 9 mars 1945, les continuités coloniales l’emportent, alors que la Révolution nationale est appliquée en Indochine ; l’occupation japonaise accroît les pénuries et la nécessité d’y faire face mais, par le statut spécial qui leur est accordé, les sœurs sont moins touchées que la population européenne. C’est surtout la prise du pouvoir du Viêt Minh, après la révolution d’août 1945, qui entraîne les recompositions les plus importantes.
Le secteur spatial européen pris dans une tenaille stratégique
Authors: Wohrer Paul
Published: September 2023

Le secteur spatial européen traverse une période difficile, marquée par la perte temporaire de ses capacités autonomes d’accès à l’espace, par la forte concurrence américaine et par la transformation du marché des satellites. L’Union européenne est aussi en retard dans le domaine numérique et la valorisation des données spatiales lui échappe largement. Dans ce contexte tendu, où les États-Unis et la Chine investissent massivement, un réveil européen est nécessaire – au risque d’un abandon de souveraineté.
Pacifique Sud : les Îles Salomon entre Pékin et Washington
Authors: Perrot Sophie , Cadenza Academic translations
Published: September 2023

Alors que les tensions entre les États-Unis et la Chine s’intensifient, les États de la région indopacifique subissent des pressions croissantes pour choisir leur camp. Les États insulaires du Pacifique Sud s’imposent comme une nouvelle arène de confrontation. Un cas exemplaire à cet égard est celui des Îles Salomon, traditionnellement alliées à l’Australie et aux États-Unis, qui ont fait la une de l’actualité internationale en 2022 après avoir signé un pacte de sécurité avec la Chine.
Changer le changement : vers un changement à l’échelle
Authors: Autissier David
Published: September 2023

En 70 ans (depuis 1950), la conduite du changement est devenue une pratique gestionnaire courante dans la plupart des organisations du fait du rôle croissant des changements et des attentes du corps social en termes d’accompagnement. En fonction des périodes qui caractérisent les besoins de changement des organisations, les théories, démarches et outils ont évolué. Nous proposons un aperçu de ces grandes étapes de la conduite du changement pour nous interroger sur les questions actuelles et le nouveau paradigme qui va structurer la notion de changement dans les organisations. Cette réflexion s’inscrit dans les démarches actuelles des chaires Essec Changement et Innovation Managériale avec le programme Néo-Change.
Performances, records et olympismes alternatifs durant l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Dumas Clément
Published: September 2023

Cet article propose une histoire comparée des performances sportives, en prenant comme objet d’étude les olympiades alternatives de l’entre-deux-guerres, organisées par des mouvements sportifs en rupture avec le Comité International Olympique pour des motifs institutionnels et politiques. L’analyse de la presse et des bulletins publiés par les mouvements affinitaires (féminin, juif et ouvrier) montre que la performance et sa quantification constituent des leviers d’affirmation et de légitimation. La comparaison chiffrée des résultats révèle un niveau athlétique inférieur à celui du mouvement olympique, en raison des fragilités structurelles des mouvements sportifs alternatifs, même si des performances ponctuellement de haut niveau sont réalisées, en raison de structures et de méthodes d’entraînement plus avancées dans certains États. Comme l’illustrent les exemples des sportifs soviétiques et des sportives dont la féminité est remise en question, les records établis dans les olympiades alternatives éveillent les passions sportives, révélatrices des tensions politiques et sociales de l’entre-deux-guerres.
Feasibility of Nurse-led Development of Custom Virtual Reality Experiences for Health Care Interventions
Authors: Sauers Brody , Dyal Brenda W. , Johnson-Mallard Versie , Ezenwa Miriam O. , Halan Shiva , Fillingim Roger B. , Kalyanaraman Sriram , Wilkie Diana J.
Published: September 2023

Background:

The immersive and interactive nature of virtual reality (VR) renders it a potential pedagogical approach for nursing education. A bottleneck for exploiting VR advantages has been the complexity of creating new experiences; however, recent advances with VR hardware and software enable novice users to create compelling experiences.

Method:

A case study describes an undergraduate nursing student with minimal technical skills using off-the-shelf VR software to create a pain management VR experience.

Results:

Using off-the-shelf hardware and software platforms eliminates the need to work with computer code. The team created a virtual environment and the objects in it through easy manipulation with click-and-drag techniques and by toggling simple settings.

Conclusion:

The insights gained from this case suggest nurse educators can create simple yet powerful VR experiences themselves, which can greatly enhance existing tools for nursing education.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(4):261–264.]
Use of Simulation to Integrate Behavioral Health Into Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Programs
Authors: Strauch Kimberly A. , Renz Susan M. , DeMutis Kathleen O. , Sochalski Julie
Published: September 2023

Background:

Identifying and treating acute and chronic behavioral health conditions is integral to primary care practice, yet primary care nurse practitioner (NP) training models do not meet the demand for integrated behavioral health practices. Simulation offers an effective pedagogical tool for integrating behavioral health training in primary care.

Method:

With support from federal funding and external consultants, new didactic and complementary simulation curricula in integrated behavioral health care were introduced in the primary care and psychiatric mental health NP programs at a school of nursing. Two rounds of this curricular innovation were implemented and evaluated across specialties.

Results:

Ninety-seven students participated in the training and reported enhanced behavioral-health assessment and hand-off skills, greater confidence in applying core content, and improved communication skills.

Conclusion:

Thoughtfully designed simulation offers an important tool for developing integrated behavioral health competencies that will help prepare future primary care clinicians meet the needs of patients and communities.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(2):128–133.]
Multi-message multi-receiver signcryption scheme based on blockchain
Authors: Yang Xiao Dong , Wang Wen Jia , Shu Bin , Li Mei Juan , Liu Rui Xia , Wang Cai Fen
Published: September 2023

In conventional message communication systems, the practice of multi-message multi-receiver signcryption communication encounters several challenges, including the vulnerability to Key Generation Center (KGC) attacks, privacy breaches and excessive communication data volume. The KGC necessitates a secure channel to transmit partial private keys, thereby rendering the security of these partial private keys reliant on the integrity of the interaction channel. This dependence introduces concerns regarding the confidentiality of the private keys. Our proposal advocates for the substitution of the KGC in traditional certificateless schemes with blockchain and smart contract technology. Parameters are publicly disclosed on the blockchain, leveraging its tamper-proof property to ensure security. Furthermore, this scheme introduces conventional encryption techniques to achieve user identity privacy in the absence of a secure channel, effectively resolving the issue of user identity disclosure inherent in blockchain-based schemes and enhancing communication privacy. Moreover, users utilize smart contract algorithms to generate a portion of the encrypted private key, thereby minimizing the possibility of third-party attacks. In this paper, the scheme exhibits resilience against various attacks, including KGC leakage attacks, internal privilege attacks, replay attacks, distributed denial of service attacks and Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks. Additionally, it possesses desirable security attributes such as key escrow security and non-repudiation. The proposed scheme has been theoretically and experimentally analyzed under the random oracle model, based on the computational Diffie-Hellman problem and the discrete logarithm problem. It has been proven to possess confidentiality and unforgeability. Compared with similar schemes, our scheme has lower computational cost and shorter ciphertext length. It has obvious advantages in communication and time overhead.
The antioxidant activity, total phenolic and monomeric anthocyanin content of Gymnema sylvestre leaf aqueous extract
Authors: Abhiram G. , Briyangari A. , Sivakanesan R.
Published: September 2023

The Gymnema sylvestre is a widely recognized medicinal plant, particularly for its effectiveness in treating diabetes. Aim of this study is to measure the antioxidant property, polyphenol and anthocyanin content of G. sylvestre aqueous extract using various in-vitro techniques. The aqueous extract was prepared and total phenolic compounds (TPC), DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability, total antioxidant activity using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferric reducing power and monomeric anthocyanin content were estimated. Correlation analyses were performed for TPC and anthocyanin against the antioxidant activity. The TPC was 4.55±0.34 mg g-1 of fresh leaf weight (FLW) and the IC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging ability was 2.40 mg mL-1 of leaf extract concentration. The percentage of inhibition strongly correlated (R2 = 0.99) with the concentration of the leaf extract. The total antioxidant power of the leaf extract was 21.06±1.74 μmol g-1 of FLW.The ferric-reducing power showed a positive correlation with the leaf concentration (R2 = 0.99). The anthocyanin content of the leaf extract was 167.84±1.45 mg per 100 g of leaf. The TPC and anthocyanin exhibited strong positive correlations with total antioxidants and DPPH, but a weak correlation with reducing power. The antioxidant properties of leaf extract could be ascribed to the presence of TPC and anthocyanin as it showed a strong correlation with antioxidant activity. This is the first study that reported the anthocyanin content of G. sylvestre leaf extract. This study found G. sylvestre leaf water extract has antioxidant properties and contains a significant amount of TPC and monomeric anthocyanin.
Assessing environmental impacts of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers in Sri Lankan paddy fields through life cycle analysis
Authors: Kahandage P. D. , Rupasinghe C. P. , Ariyawansha K. T. , Piyathissa S. D. S.
Published: September 2023

The application of fertilizer is a very important activity in paddy cultivation as it is one of the yield-determining factors. But the use of chemical fertilizer is a matter of debate as it is suspected as a cause of many prevailing health problems and comparatively large amounts of environmental pollution. Therefore, the focus of this study was to carry out a proper life cycle analysis on the application of chemical and agricultural waste-based organic fertilizers considering all the important steps such as collection of raw material, manufacturing, transportation, and application fields. The integration application of chemical and organic fertilizers was considered with two different ratios. Characterized results reveal that chemical fertilizer application has the highest impact on all selected categories, while organic fertilizer application has lower impact.The combination of chemical and organic fertilizers shows that reducing the proportion of chemical fertilizers reduces environmental impacts. Additionally, the study identifies the processes that significantly contribute to each impact category, such as urea production for climate change and freshwater ecotoxicity, and composting and field application for human toxicity and terrestrial acidification. Normalized results show that switching to organic fertilizers could reduce up to 82.4% of the current environmental impact. Therefore, an integrated approach will give more benefits in many ways. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and farmers in making informed decisions regarding sustainable fertilizer management.
Subcutaneous Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Administration Induces Innate Training in Monocytes in Preweaned Holstein Calves
Authors: Samuel Beulah E R , Maina Teresia W , McGill Jodi L
Published: September 2023

The bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, administered to prevent tuberculosis, is a well-studied inducer of trained immunity in human and mouse monocytes. We have previously demonstrated that aerosol BCG administration induces innate training in calves. The current study aimed to determine whether s.c. BCG administration could induce innate training, identify the cell type involved, and determine whether innate training promoted resistance to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection, a major cause of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned calves. A total of 24 calves were enrolled at 1–3 d of age and blocked by age into two treatment groups (BCG, n = 12; control, n = 12). BCG was given s.c. to preweaned calves. The control calves received PBS. We observed a trained phenotype, demonstrated by enhanced cytokine production in response to in vitro stimulation with LPS (TLR-4 agonist) in PBMCs and CD14+ monocytes from the BCG group 2 wk (IL-1β, p = 0.002) and 4 wk (IL-1β, p = 0.005; IL-6, p = 0.013) after BCG administration, respectively. Calves were experimentally infected via aerosol inoculation with BRSV strain 375 at 5 wk after BCG administration and necropsied on day 8 postinfection. There were no differences in disease manifestation between the treatment groups. Restimulation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells isolated on day 8 after BRSV infection revealed enhanced IL-1β (p = 0.014) and IL-6 (p = 0.010) production by the BCG group compared with controls. In conclusion, results from our study show that s.c. administration of the BCG vaccine can induce trained immunity in bovine monocytes and influence cytokine production in the lung environment after BRSV infection.
Impedance control and test of an automatic rotational orthosis for walking with arm swing
Authors: Fang Juan , Tan Bilibin , Zhang Wei , Xie Le , Yang Guo-Yuan
Published: September 2023

Neurological damage after stroke and spinal cord injury often results in walking impairments. The theory of interlimb neural coupling implies that synchronized arm swing should be included during gait training to improve rehabilitation outcomes. We previously developed an automatic rotational orthosis for walking with arm swing (aROWAS), which produced coordinated interlimb movement when running in passive mode. The current case-series study had three aims: to develop impedance control algorithms for generating flexible movement in the aROWAS system, to validate its technical feasibility, and to investigate interlimb muscle activity when using it. A force-free controller was developed to compensate for gravity and friction, and an impedance controller was developed to produce a flexible movement pattern. Experiments were performed on three able-bodied volunteers to evaluate the feasibility of the flexible aROWAS system and muscle activity in their upper and lower limbs was recorded. In force-free mode, the leg rig was static but easily moved by small external forces, and the subjects reported very little resistance when attempting to walk synchronously in the aROWAS system. In impedance mode, the leg rig performed the pre-defined gait pattern, but the joint trajectories were adaptable to external forces. All participants produced earlier hip extension and greater knee flexion during active walking than during passive walking. Furthermore, the arm and lower limb muscles simultaneously produced higher electromyography activity. The control algorithms enabled the aROWAS system to produce walking-like coordinated joint performance in the upper and lower limbs, and also allowed for some degree of adjustment in response to voluntary input from the users. Stronger interlimb muscle activity was produced when participants walked actively in the system. This aROWAS system has the technical potential to serve as an effective tool for investigating interlimb neural coupling and as a novel testbed for walking rehabilitation with synchronized arm swing.
Complex oral rehabilitation using complete fixed denture prosthesis in atrophic maxillae
Authors: Dias Pedro Aryel Carvalho , Bazan Lucas Castilho , Hoshino Isis Almela Endo , Anchieta Rodolfo Bruniera
Published: September 2023

This study aims to show a surgery-prosthetic resolution of complex atrophic maxillae with bone grafts, implants, and fixed implant prostheses in an elderly patient with radiographic follow-up. This article describes the clinical case of an elderly woman, 65 years old, who lost all superior teeth when she was 25 years old and had severe atrophic maxillae. Due to the maxillae, bone situation was planned an osteotome for sinus floor elevation and an allogeneic bone graft followed. After 16 months of bone integration, seven osseointegrated implants were placed. After 6 months of implant osseointegration, a complete fixed implant denture. Is it possible to conclude that using advanced surgical and prosthetic planning is possible to recover the esthetic and function of a severe and complex clinical case.
A clinical and radiological comparison of microsurgically assisted and macrosurgical approach for implant placement: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Cherukuri Aswani , George Joann Pauline , Prabhuji M. L. V. , Kamble Apeksha
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives:

Several minimally invasive techniques for the preservation/reconstruction of papilla around implants and natural teeth have been employed; most of these surgeries require magnification for precision. The aim of this prospective study was to compare and evaluate the esthetic outcome and remodeling of the interdental peri-implant soft-tissue postmicrosurgical approach of implant placement.

Materials and Methods:

The study population consisted of 20 patients with a single edentulous area in the anterior region. In a parallel arm study design, the edentulous areas were randomly selected for implant placement either by a microsurgical (test) or macrosurgical (control) approach. The clinical parameters mesial and distal papillary height (MPH and DPH), mid-buccal height (MBH), crestal bone level (CBL), papillary index score (PIS), pink esthetic score (PES), surgical time taken, and the patient-reported outcome measures using visual analog scale (VAS) score were assessed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the implant placement.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference with respect to MPH, DPH, CBL, and MBH between both the groups at 1st-year follow-up. At 1-year follow-up, PIS was significantly better in test group; however, PES was better in control group. VAS for pain was significantly higher for control group on the day of implant placement. The surgical time taken was significantly lower in the test group.

Conclusion:

The present controlled clinical study demonstrated that in implant placement, a microsurgical approach did not show any substantial difference when compared with the conventional macroscopic approach.
Morphologic, Radiographic, and Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Teeth Subjected to High Temperatures: An In vitro Forensic Study
Authors: Geethika M. Sai , Naik N.Purnachandra Rao , Kiran A. Ravi , Samatha Y. , Kumar B. Naveen , Shruthi P. , Saranu Sethu Manjusha , Pavani K. , Marpuri Sanjana
Published: September 2023

Background

To evaluate morphologic, radiographic, and stereomicroscopic changes of teeth when subjected to specific high temperatures in both direct heat and gradual heat and to compare the changes among two heat groups and also among different types of teeth.

Materials and Methods

An in vitro study was conducted on 90 healthy extracted human teeth, in which the teeth were divided into two groups. Group 1 (45) was subjected to direct heat and Group 2 (45) was subjected to gradual heat. Group 1 and Group 2 were further subdivided into three subgroups (A) anteriors, (B) premolars, and (C) molars each consisting of 15 teeth. Teeth were subjected to temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C in a muffle electric furnace. The color changes were noted using the Revised Munsell soil color chart and the radiographic and stereomicroscopic changes were evaluated. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

Teeth in direct heat showed more destructive changes at lower temperatures, i.e., 400°C and 600°C when compared to gradual heat where changes are observed at 600°C and 800°C. Among different types of teeth, anteriors and premolars showed more changes when compared to molars.

Interpretation and Conclusion

It can be concluded that dental evidence may provide clues to solve the mystery in fire investigations as dental structures are the last to be destroyed under extreme conditions, whether temperature, acid, or putrefaction.
Improving Evidence-Based Practice in Forensic Medicine: Validation of INtegration of Forensic Epidemiology and the Rigorous EvaluatioN of Causation Elements and Principles of Evidence-Based Reporting in FORensic Medicine-Pathology version in Indonesia
Authors: Meilia Putri Dianita Ika , Herkutanto  , Purwadianto Agus , Sampurna Budi , Abdullah Murdani , Soemantri Diantha , Kekalih Aria
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Expert opinions presented in legal proceedings should be scientifically accountable, which is known as evidence-based practice (EBP). Although forensic medical expert opinions are essential in legal proceedings, the methods used to formulate them are not always evidence based or based on standard methods. In forensic medicine, EBP has not been explicitly applied, including in Indonesia. One potential approach to formulate evidence-based expert opinions is called INtegration of Forensic Epidemiology and the Rigorous EvaluatioN of Causation Elements (INFERENCE). In addition, there is also no universal guideline for making forensic pathological reports. One prospective guideline is named the Principles of Evidence-based Reporting in FORensic Medicine-Pathology version (PERFORM-P).

Methods

This article describes the validation process of INFERENCE and PERFORM-P in Indonesia. This study uses a mixed method through three interrelated phases, i.e., (1) a cross-sectional survey to determine the characteristics of Indonesian forensic doctors and their current practice, (2) the adaptation and validation process of the two tools through a review by the Indonesian College of Forensic Medicine, and (3) a one-group pre–postintervention study to assess the validity and reliability of forensic medical expert opinions formulated using Indonesian-INFERENCE (i-INFERENCE) and reported using Indonesian-PERFORM-P (i-PERFORM-P).

Results and Discussion

In general, both tools received a positive reception and can potentially be used in the Indonesian setting with some additions/clarifications in the user manuals. Participants envision that both tools will be most useful in complex cases.

Conclusions

By obtaining the i-INFERENCE and the i-PERFORM-P, it is hoped that Indonesian forensic medical doctors are better equipped in analyzing and reporting complex cases, and the implementation of EBP can be improved.
Coronary Dominance Pattern: An Angiography-based Preliminary Report from Eastern India
Authors: Bagchi Avishek
Published: September 2023

We did a retrospective analysis of 102 coronary angiograms for coronary dominance. Right-dominant circulation was seen in 62 (60.8%) patients, whereas left-dominant and codominant circulation was seen in 25 (24.5%) and 15 (14.7%) patients, respectively. Regarding gender variations, among males 71.42% had right-dominant circulation, where it was left dominant in 20.63% and codominant in 7.93%. For females, right-dominant circulation was present in 43.59% of patients, and left-dominant and codominant circulation was present in 30.77% and 25.64% of patients, respectively.
The Role of Admission Platelet Count and B-type Natriuretic Peptide in Predicting in Hospital Morbidity in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Seaoud Elshaimaa Aly M. Elsadek , Abdelbasit Mohamed Salah , Nabil Baher , Shawky Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Context:

Platelets play a major role in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the potential correlation between admission platelet count (PLT) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) with the development of severe heart failure during the first 24 h post primary PCI (post-PPCI) in patients admitted with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Settings and Design:

This was cross-sectional follow-up study.

Methods:

One hundred and forty-six patients admitted with STEMI. At the time of admission, blood samples were drawn to measure PLT and BNP level. Twenty-four h after reperfusion, patients were assessed using Killip score, and a transthoracic echo was done to determine ejection fraction (EF) using modified Simpson’s rule.

Statistical Analysis:

Comparison between parametric quantitative independent groups done by t-test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve was calculated to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PLT in diagnosing severe heart failure (Killip III and IV) Confounding bias has been addressed through a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results:

we found a significant negative correlation between admission PLT and left ventricular EF measured 24 h post-PPCI and a positive correlation between PLT and both BNP and CKMB level measured at admission (P = 0.001, 0.004 and P = 0.007, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed a platelet cut-off value of 290 × 103 to diagnose severe heart failure (Killip’s grades III and IV) (sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 83.1%.).

Conclusion:

BNP and PLT are easy, inexpensive blood tests that can be used as predictors of heart failure post-STEMI.
What We Learned from Steroid Therapy in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yalçi A , Doğan E , Kapici MA , Demirkıran BÇ , Filiz M , Artuk C
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has become the greatest worldwide public health threat. Although different treatment recommendations are offered for COVID-19 infection, steroid treatment remains important.

Aim:

We aimed to demonstrate the effect of pulse steroid therapy (PST) on inflammatory markers and patient outcomes in moderate/severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the patients 18 years and older hospitalized in our hospital’s COVID-19 clinics between April 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020, and July 1, 2021, to November 30, 2021. Patients in the moderate/severe COVID-19 pneumonia category, according to the World Health Organization COVID-19 guidelines, were included in the study. The demographic characteristics of the patients, treatments, inflammatory markers, and patient outcomes (need for intensive care, length of hospital stay, high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) requirement, mechanical ventilation (MV), and mortality rates) were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Patients who received PST had more advanced age (P < 0.01), more comorbidities (P < 0.001), and more HFNO need (P < 001) compared with the patients who did not receive PST. There was no statistically significant difference between clinical outcomes: the need for intensive care, length of hospital stay, need for MV, and mortality rates (P = 0.54, P = 0.3, P = 0.14, and P = 0.09, respectively). When we evaluated the unvaccinated patients, there was a statistically significant difference in the MV need and mortality rates between those who received PST and those who did not (P = 0.017, P = 0.014, respectively).

Conclusion:

It was observed that PST provided similar mortality, ICU, and MV requirements in patients with older age and comorbidities. Lower MV requirements and mortality were observed in the unvaccinated group receiving PST compared with the unvaccinated group not receiving steroids. PST is still promising in COVID-19 infection, and more studies are needed for standard doses and applications.
Immunization of Children in Africa: Strides and Challenges
Authors: Olawuyi Dimeji Abdulsobur , Esanju Daniel Olaloye , Olowolayemo Samuel Adedolapo , Asogwa Chukwuebuka Stanley , Salako Olajire Oluwagbenga , Kolajo Anjolaoluwa Esther , Akano Olatokun Shamsudeen , Ibekwe Jonas Paul , Mbey Adaeze Nancy , Raji Abayomi Hassan
Published: September 2023

Background:

The African continent is behind by a wide margin in the childhood vaccination race which contributes significantly to the high childhood morbidity and mortality rate from vaccine-preventable diseases in the continent. Some African countries are still struggling to achieve routine immunization coverage for all recommended expanded program on immunization vaccines.

Aim:

In this study, we aimed to identify the barriers hindering childhood immunization in Africa and to identify the remarkable progress made so far.

Materials and Methods:

Peer-reviewed articles published in English that focused on the barriers to childhood immunization in Africa and the progress made so far was reviewed. This was achieved by searching relevant search terms in PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, and CINAHL databases dating back from January 2000 to June 2022.

Result:

A total of 30 papers were reviewed. The barriers include parents’ education status, economic status, and gender/age; place of birth and place of residence; cultural beliefs and religious affiliations; fear of contracting diseases and lack of trust in health public institutions; vaccine awareness and delivery; and dose-specific delays. The achievements include international support and oriented actions, plans for technological integration and its implementation, and domestic immunization-oriented actions and research work.

Conclusion:

Childhood immunization is still low in Africa with the majority of the countries yet to realize the global immunization targets. Technologies and immunization-related interventions have been implemented to support Africa but more concerted effort and aid are required to reduce vaccine-preventable deaths to the bare minimum.
Outcome of Flexible Ureteroscopy and Holmium Laser Lithotripsy in the Management of Renal Stones: A two-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Akpayak Idorenyin Cletus , Ikeh Chukwudum Dennis
Published: September 2023

Background:

Over the decades, the management of renal stones has shifted from the undesirably invasive open nephrolithotomy to the more effective and less invasive approaches with lower morbidity. These less invasive options include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous lithotripsy, and flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS).

Aim:

This study seeks to evaluate the outcomes of flexible ureterorenoscopy with holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (holmium:YAG) laser lithotripsy for the treatment of renal stones <2.0 cm in our patients.

Patients and Methods:

Records of 23 patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopy and holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy between October 2020 and September 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients who had the flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for renal stones <2.0 cm for various indications were the subjects of this study. All patients had computed tomographic urography preoperatively to locate the stone. Stone-free rate (SFR) was deduced from no stone detected on imaging and resolution of the patient’s preoperative complaints related to the renal stones at follow-up. Data on patients’ demographics, indication for the surgery, location of the stone, size of the stone, preoperative double J (DJ) placement, postoperative DJ stent placement, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and the SFR were retrieved and subjected to the statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 23 patients had fURS and laser lithotripsy during the two-year study period. All the patients had solitary stone in the renal unit operated. The mean stone size for all the patients was 1.3 cm (range: 0.5–1.9 cm). Fifteen (65.2%) patients had DJ stent preoperatively. Postoperative DJ stent was placed in all our patients. Four (17.4%) patients had Grade 1 ureteric injury while none had high Grades (2, 3, and 4) ureteral injuries. Two (9.5%) patients had intraoperative bleeding, 1 (4.8%) had transient haematuria postoperatively while 2 (9.5%) patients had urinary tract infection. The SFR was 91.3% in a single surgery. Two patients (8.7%) had residual fragments in the lower calyx.

Conclusion:

Flexible ureteroscopy and laser holmium lithotripsy give a satisfactory SFR, with few complications. It is a safe and effective treatment modality for the treatment of stones <2.0 cm in the renal pelvicalyceal system.
О сумме цифр разложений пары последовательных чисел по линейной рекуррентой последовательности
Authors: Shutov Anton Vladimirovich
Published: September 2023

Получены асимптотические формулы для количества натуральных чисел $n$, не превосходящих $X$, у которых суммы цифр разложений $n$ и $n+1$ по некоторым линейным рекуррентным последовательностям имеют заданную четность. Библиография: 16 названий.
О достаточных условиях состоятельности локально-линейных ядерных оценок
Authors: Linke Yuliana Yurievna
Published: September 2023

Доказана состоятельность классических локально-линейных ядерных оценок в непараметрической регрессии
при более слабых ограничениях на элементы дизайна (регрессоры), чем были известны ранее. Полученные в работе условия
универсальны относительно стохастической природы дизайна, который может быть как фиксированным регулярным, так и случайным, при этом не обязательно состоящим из независимых или слабо зависимых случайных величин. Достаточные условия как
поточечной, так и равномерной состоятельности классических локально-линейных оценок формулируются в терминах асимптотического поведения числа элементов дизайна, попавших в ту или иную окрестность точек из области задания регрессионной функции.
Библиография: 57 названий.
Следы пространств Соболева на кусочно регулярных по Альфорсу-Давиду множествах
Authors: Tyulenev Alexander Ivanovich
Published: September 2023

Пусть $(\operatorname{X},\operatorname{d},\mu)$ - метрическое пространство с равномерно локально удваивающей мерой $\mu$. При $p \in (1,\infty)$ предположим, что $(\operatorname{X},\operatorname{d},\mu)$
допускает слабое локальное $(1,p)$-неравенство Пуанкаре. Мы даем харакетризацию следов пространства Соболева первого порядка $W^{1}_{p}(\operatorname{X})$ на подмножествах $S$ пространства $\operatorname{X}$, которые могут быть представлены как конечное объединение $\bigcup_{i=1}^{N}S^{i}$, $N \in \mathbb{N}$, регулярных по Альфорсу-Давиду множеств $S^{i} \subset \operatorname{X}$, $i \in \{1,…,N\}$, различной коразмерности. Кроме того, мы в явной форме вычисляем соответствующие нормы в пространствах следов с точностью до некоторых универсальных констант.
Библиография: 22 названия.
Assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics Reynolds-Averaged
Navier–Stokes Models for Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics
Authors: Kanagalingam Sivamoorthy , William Youhanna E.
Published: September 2023

Since the steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Reynolds-averaged
Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models offer low-cost and sensible accuracy,
they are frequently utilized for bluff bodies’ external aerodynamics
investigations (e.g., upwind, crosswind, and shape optimization). However, no
firm certainty is made regarding the best model in terms of accuracy and cost.
Based on cost and accuracy aspects, four RANS turbulence models were studied,
which are Spalart–Allmaras, realizable k-ε, RNG k-ε, and SST k-ω. Ahmed body
with a 25° slant angle benchmark case was introduced for this investigation. Two
grids were generated to satisfy the near-wall treatment of each turbulence
model. All grid settings were proposed and discussed in detail. Fluid-structure
analysis was performed on five different planes. Regarding flow field
prediction, realizable k-ε and renormalization group (RNG) k-ε models
demonstrated a remarkable consistency with experimental data, while Menter’s
shear stress transport (SST) k-ω showed a poor agreement. The obtained
computational values of drag and lift coefficients were compared with
experimental results. All investigated RANS turbulence models had reported
results in excellent agreement with experimental drag coefficient values. The
SST k-ω model has underestimated lift coefficient value with an error of about
−45% with experimental value. Only realizable k-ε and RNG k-ε presented an error
<10% for predicting drag and lift coefficients.