bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agreement and Consensus Between Government and Rebellion Groups During War Politics in Ampara District of Sri Lanka
Authors: Withanawasam Athula
Published: March 2021

This article is about the agreement and consensus between government and rebellion groups during war politics with special reference to Ampara district in Sri Lanka. The article argues that war causes transforming normal pattern of politics if we perceive of war as power struggle. The article further argues that to understand politics and power struggle during war requires conceptualization of war politics. Therefore, this article has attempted to conceptualize war politics and applied it to understand the nature and content of war politics in Sri Lanka in general and in Ampara district in particular during the period of protracted civil war. The data for the study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were extracted from the extensive field works while secondary data were collected from desk analysis. The above data were descriptively analyzed and presented in this paper as summaries of arguments and author’s interpretation. This study has found that war causes dual power making civilians and officers becoming clueless on whose orders were to be obeyed because war resulted in crisis of the state. The study has also found that war politics results in syndromes of incapacitated, establishment of dual power and existence of reciprocal understanding between government and rebellion groups during war. The study concludes that there is a probability of an emerging agreement and consensus between actors of governmental politics and war politics during wars to achieve their strategic objectives.
Management and Rights Amidst Plural Worlds
Authors: Van Der Drift Mijke
Published: March 2021

Sylvia Wynter discusses Eurocentric thought as a closed cognitive order. In this article, Mijke van der Drift interrogates this cognitive closure as a style of thought that is intertwined with institutions. By inverting the attention Foucault gives to the subjects under scrutiny, van der Drift shows that the focus on those that maintain the institution, the managerial class, reveals how power and knowledge configure this contraction of perception. Van der Drift argues that institutions are central to this process because it offers alignment of purpose and understanding by means of rights and discipline. Consequently, this alignment leads to an indifference to other ways of worlding that Philomena Essed and Isabel Hoving describe as “smug ignorance.” Van der Drift argues that this finds root in the institution, rather than being a harmful side effect that needs to be addressed. To contrast institutional alignment, the author sketches a pluralist ethics that offers an alternative mode of relationality and collective organization.
La recepción de pedagogía del oprimido en Argentina: una hipótesis sobre la influencia freireana en la militancia juvenil de los años ´70
Authors: Sgró Margarita
Published: March 2021

El 50 aniversario de la publicación de Pedagogía del Oprimido, inspira un sinfín de reflexiones pedagógicas, políticas, históricas. En Argentina, la presencia teórica de Paulo Freire fue decisiva para completar el terreno fértil de los movimientos emancipatorios de los años 70. Las juventudes politizadas, desarrollaban tareas que iban desde el “apoyo escolar y alimentario” en villas de emergencia (favelas en Brasil), hasta los movimientos de guerrilla urbana que habían decidido tomar el camino de la lucha armada. Eran y se percibían herederos delos Nacionalismos populares latinoamericanos, la Revolución cubana, la Teología de la liberación. En Argentina, esos movimientos tuvieran una expresión particular, su adscripción mayoritaria al Justicialismo. A comienzos de los años ’70, Pedagogía del oprimido alentó una práctica concientizadora, preparatoria del terreno para la “liberación” de los pueblos. Pero esa práctica era única y original entre las pedagogías críticas. Su originalidad residía en dos cuestiones centrales, a) el oprimido era el protagonista de su propia educación por ser portador de una “cultura” silenciada, y b) el saber debía producirse mediante un “diálogo” entre sujetos iguales. En el marco político de la revolución posible, Pedagogía del Oprimido tuvo un protagonismo casi excluyente. El autor, lo sigue teniendo aun hoy.
A pedagogia do oprimido de Paulo Freire e o ensino de filosofia com crianças
Authors: Oliveira Ivanilde Apoluceno de
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo tecemos reflexões sobre o ensino de filosofia com crianças em escola pública, tendo por base a pedagogia do oprimido de Paulo Freire, buscando verificar como os/as educadores/as promovem a formação do pensar lógico, crítico e a criatividade da criança. Este ensino é realizado em escola pública da cidade de Belém, por educadores/as populares de um Núcleo de Educação Popular vinculado a uma universidade pública do estado do Pará, como atividade de extensão. O ensino de filosofia com crianças é trabalhado pelos/as educadores/as na perspectiva de iniciação filosófica, procurando-se desenvolver as suas raízes racionais, afetivas, éticas e estéticas, visando à formação do pensar, do agir e do imaginar/criar da criança vista na sua integralidade. Neste ensino, trabalha-se com a história da filosofia, por meio de livros infantis, alguns produzidos por educadores/as do próprio núcleo, buscando desenvolver as faculdades das crianças no ato de filosofar, como o questionar e o problematizar a realidade, conceituar, pensar, argumentar com coerência lógica, agir com base em valores éticos e criar, estimulando a capacidade de imaginação das crianças e a aquisição de valores estéticos. Porém, neste estudo, o foco é para a formação do pensar lógico, crítico e criativo das crianças. Neste estudo, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica com levantamento documental, na qual foram efetivadas leituras sobre o ensino de filosofia, a educação de Paulo Freire, entre outras, bem como o levantamento de relatórios de atividades de extensão do referido Núcleo de Educação Popular, dos livros infantis produzidos pelo próprio núcleo e outros utilizados nas atividades, e como foram aplicados no ensino de filosofia com crianças na escola. Entre os resultados, destaca-se que as crianças nas atividades realizadas analisam os conteúdos, conceituam, argumentam e expressam sua visão de mundo, desenvolvendo no ensino de filosofia a capacidade do pensar crítico, lógico e criativo.
Necrofilia: repercussão ética, política e educacional – estudo em Paulo Freire e Erich Fromm
Authors: Carbonari Paulo César
Published: March 2021

O artigo faz uma reflexão sobre a necrofilia para compreender em parte o que tem sido o modo de agir de políticos e cidadãos/as no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. Busca em Paulo Freire, na Pedagogia do Oprimido, e na sua fonte, Erich Fromm, O Coração do Homem, subsídios para esta compreensão. Ensaia aspectos da repercussão ética, política e educacional e indica algumas aprendizagens necessárias para o enfrentamento da necrofilia. A tese básica é a de que a necrofilia alimenta práticas que são destrutivas da vida e que se exacerbam em momentos de grave crise, como o da pandemia.
Job Satisfaction and Intention of Primary Healthcare Workers to Leave: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Local Government Area in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adeniran Adeyinka , Oluwole Esther O. , Ojo Omobola Y.
Published: March 2021

The increased intention of healthcare workers to leave the health sector is one of the many negative impacts of job dissatisfaction and poor working conditions among healthcare workers in Nigeria. This study assessed the level of job satisfaction and the intention of leaving the country or medical practice among primary healthcare workers in Lagos, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional among 235 respondents, selected using a multistage sampling method. An adapted self-administered questionnaire from the Minnesota questionnaire short form and the Job Description Index (JDI) was used for data collection. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Descriptive statistics were performed while Chi-square was used to determine the association between categorical variables and the level of significance was set at p <0.05.  About half (50.6%) of the healthcare workers were satisfied with their jobs. Highest score 37.00 (32-40) for job satisfaction was found in the domain of management process; while the lowest score 16.00 (13-20) was found in the salary domain. The majority of the healthcare workers 201(85.5%) had the intention of leaving Nigeria for a better opportunity abroad. Healthcare workers were satisfied with the management process but dissatisfied with pay. Targeted interventions to improve the morale of healthcare workers at the primary healthcare level is recommended.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 10 No. 2
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: March 2021

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: jfr@ccsenet.org

Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 2

Ammar Eltayeb Ali Hassan, University of Tromsø, Norway

Bernardo Pace, Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Italy

Cheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United States

Diego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain

Elke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria

Jose Maria Zubeldia, Clinical Regulatory Consultant for the HIV & Hepatitis C initiative at Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Spain

Leonardo Martín Pérez, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Argentina

Marco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Italy

Marta Mesias, Spanish National Research Council, Spain

Mohd Nazrul Hisham Daud, Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Malaysia

Olutosin Otekunrin, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria

Rozilaine A. P. G. Faria, Federal Institute of Science, Education and Technology of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Tanima Bhattacharya, Novel Global Community Education Foundation, Australia

Teodora E. Coldea, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Xingjun Li, Academy of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, China
Seasonal Flexibility in the European Natural Gas Market
Authors: Riepin Iegor , Musgens Felix
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on seasonal demand swings in the European natural gas market. We quantify and compare the role of different flexibility options (domestic production, gas storage, and pipeline and LNG imports) to assess European demand fluctuations in monthly resolution. We contribute to the existing literature on seasonal flexibility by addressing the problem with a mathematical gas market optimization model. Our paper provides valuable empirical insights into the decline of gas production in northwestern Europe. Furthermore, we focus on how specific flexibility features differ between pipeline supplies and LNG supplies and between gas imports and storage dispatch. In terms of methodology, we construct a bottom-up market optimization model and publish the complete source code (which is uncommon for gas market models). Furthermore, we propose a new metric—the scaled coefficient of variation—to quantify the importance of supply sources for seasonal flexibility provision.
Exploring the growth and development of restorative justice in Bangladesh
Authors: Asadullah Muhammad , Morrison Brenda
Published: March 2021

Exploring the growth and development of restorative justice in Bangladesh

Although restorative justice is a new concept in Bangladesh (BD), resolving wrongdoing outside the criminal justice system is not a new practice. Community-based mediation, known as salish, has been practised for centuries – withstanding colonisation, adaptation and distortion. Other practices, such as village courts and customary justice, are also prevalent in Bangladesh. Of these, village courts are currently the most widely practised in Bangladesh. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ Bangladesh) formally introduced restorative justice in 2013 with the support of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), NGOs, academics and government agencies. Most of the literature on community-based justice practice focuses on village courts; academic, peer-reviewed research on restorative justice in Bangladesh is scarce. This qualitative study explores the growth and development of restorative justice in Bangladesh. Using in-depth qualitative interviews and survey, the study retraces the genesis of restorative justice in Bangladesh. In recent times, GIZ Bangladesh has been key to the development of restorative justice, which was further expanded by UNDP’s Activating Village Courts project, as well as a graduate course on restorative justice at the University of Dhaka. This study also finds contentious themes raised by the key informants, specifically the role of INGOs, government and community.
Sustained restorative dialogue: exploring a proactive restorative process to help address campus sexual harm
Authors: Giles-Mitson Amy
Published: March 2021

Sustained restorative dialogue exploring a proactive restorative process to help address campus sexual harm

Campus sexual harm is a widespread problem that demands approaches that focus on prevention, alongside those that respond to specific incidents of harm. This article presents the outcomes of a proactive initiative – a sustained restorative dialogue – that uses restorative circle practice in the university setting to better understand the issue of sexual harm, and identify practical steps that focus on its reduction. Speech data from post hoc interviews with participants of the dialogue is analysed in order to demonstrate the outcomes of the process, and highlight the value of using a dialogic model to address the issue on campus. Findings suggest that the process has very real potential for enhancing understanding and awareness and increasing communication on the topic, these being important precursors to transforming the cultural norms and campus climates that foster sexual harm.
15 years of implementation of the Act on property left beyond the Bug River: An attempt to summarize
Authors: Korzeniewska - Lasota Anna
Published: March 2021

The Act on the Exercise of the Right to Compensation for Property Left Beyond the Current Borders of the Republic of Poland, adopted on 8 July 2005, was intended to complete the process of compensation for real properties left in the former eastern voivodeships of the interwar Republic of Poland. The implementation of the Act lasts for 15 years now and will probably not end before the year 2030. The article addresses the most important factors that have contributed to the prolongation of the compensation payment process, and thus the final settlement of the obligations resting upon Poland towards people who lived on the former Polish territories beyond the Bug River, known in the Polish language as “Zabużanie”. The analysis is based primarily on the information obtained from voivodes (who are the bodies of primary jurisdiction in the proceedings for confirmation of the right to compensation), the Ministry of the State Treasury and the Ministry of the Interior and Administration. An analysis of statement of reasons for the judgements has proven to be essential as well.
Fiduciary transfer of real property
in consumer transactions
Authors: Zaradkiewicz Kamil
Published: March 2021

Article 3871 on property transfer as a form of collateral security was added to the Civil Code by
virtue of the Act of 14 May 2020 Amending Certain Acts in Respect of Shield Measures in Connection
with the Outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus (promulgated in the official journal “Dziennik
Ustaw”, item 879). Under this provision, contracts on transfer of property as a collateral security,
where the property in question is a real property used for the purpose of satisfying housing needs,
which is transferred to secure claims under this or any other contract not directly related to business
operations or pursuit of the profession by a natural person, are invalid. The sanction of invalidity
provided for in Article 3871 of the Civil Code applies only to those contracts, where the value of
the real property is higher than the value of financial claims secured by transfer of property plus
the value of maximum interest for delay on this value for a period of 24 months, or if the value of
financial claims secured by the real property has not been not determined. Only such a contract
on transfer of property as a collateral security that was not preceded by an appraisal of the market
value of the real property by an expert appraiser, is invalid.
This solution is rightly criticised as unclear and excessively prescriptive. Furthermore, it may in practice
give rise to numerous problems of interpretation. It fails to solve numerous problems associated
with fiduciary transfer, including its general admissibility or its connection with the institution of
a registered pledge. It is reasonable to consider, as de lege ferenda postulate, the introduction of
a general prohibition of this type of fiduciary transfer or its normative regulation in the form of an
independent legal institution. In the latter case, legal solutions aimed at protecting both the debtor
and other persons, i.e. creditors, should be adopted, in particular with a view to eliminate the socalled
“excessive collateralisation” that happens in practice.
The importance of international lump sum indemnity agreements
in the context of communalisation of land in Warsaw under
the Warsaw Decree
Authors: Olas Ewa
Published: March 2021

This article aims at analysing the legal effects of international lump sum indemnity agreements
entered into by Poland with states whose citizens and other entities had been deprived of their real
properties by virtue of the Decree of 26 October 1945 on the Ownership and Use of Land Within
the Boundaries of the Capital City of Warszawa (the so-called “Warsaw Decree”). Firstly, it presents
the circumstances of agreements’ execution, their legal consequences under the public international
law as well as their subjective and objective scope. Secondly, the article describes the impact of
international lump sum indemnity agreements on civil law relations in Poland and the sphere of administrative
law and administrative procedure. It also identifies one of the main problems regarding
interpretation of international lump sum indemnity agreements in domestic proceedings concerning
real properties in Warsaw.
Technical and legal considerations as the premises for taxation of
business real property with real property tax
Authors: Tetłak Karolina
Published: March 2021

The subject of the article is an analysis of the issues of considering technical aspects for the purpose
of real estate taxation. Until the end of 2015, the lack of a legal definition of the concept of
“technical considerations” for not using real estate in business activities caused doubts as to its
correct interpretation. Despite the appearance of objectivity, in the jurisprudence on real estate tax,
technical considerations were interpreted with reference to the underlying causes of poor technical
condition within the meaning of construction law. As of 1 January 2016, the concept of technical
considerations was replaced with the requirement to issue a decision ordering the demolition of
a building structure. The issuance of the decision is an objective premise for the classification of real
property as not related to conducting business activity and results in a lower tax rate. Technical considerations
are, in turn, an objective condition for issuing a demolotion decision by the construction
supervision authority. Replacing the premise of technical considerations with the requirement to
obtain a demolition order leads to the actual consideration of technical aspects and the objectification
of the criteria for taxing real estate related to business activities.
Selected problems of train motion optimization
Authors: Szkopiński Janusz
Published: March 2021

The optimization of train movement on the basis of the criterion of minimizing the traction energy consumption is currently an important issue of the conducted analyzes and research, which is mainly due to the achieved traction energy savings of 5% to 10%. The assumptions concerning the way of running the train so far were based on theses, the key evaluation criterion of which was to obtain the minimum train running time. Taking into account the development of railway traffic control and management systems, e.g. the ERTMS / ETCS system, including the possibility of transmitting information about the route parameters and operating conditions to the traction vehicle on the section preceding the movement of a given train, takes on importance the criterion of minimizing energy consumption, thus it is necessary to verify the theses in question. The article formulates formulas for determining the time and distance traveled by a train depending on the traction characteristics of the vehicle as well as the resistance to motion resulting from the track infrastructure, train parameters and its speed. The traction force was determined by interpolating the train characteristic through the quadratic function for specific train speed ranges, along with determining the possible calculation error based on the boundaries with a line from above and below in such a way the characteristic will between these curves. The resistance force was adopted on the basis of the research institute (formerly: COBiRTK) formula used on the Polish railway network. The result of the analysis is obtaining more favorable solutions in terms of the minimum consumption of traction energy than one if use criterion of the minimum train running time. The conclusion of the study is the confirmation of the need to verify the theses in question regarding the way of running the train.
Digital Twin of the ECTS application
Authors: Kochan Andrzej
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the concept of a digital twin for the ETCS application. The ERTMS system is a technical solution aimed at ensuring interoperability of the railway system in the field of signalling within the European Union. It is also an important factor in the digitisation and automation of railways. Due to its complexity, it needs solutions to support its activities in all phases of the life cycle, in particular design, implementation, maintenance and operation. A digital twin is a virtual representation of a real system. According to many definitions, this mapping should be as close to identical as possible. Such a mapping should, by definition, accompany the real system throughout its lifetime, providing a consistent description of the current state and history of its operation. This mapping should be the primary source of information about the real system for all stakeholders interested in its operation. This paper presents the basic assumptions of the Digital Twin of the ETCS application in terms of its structure and its application to the verification of its correctness.
Opodatkowanie voucherów turystycznych wydawanych
na podstawie ustawy o szczególnych rozwiązaniach
związanych z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem
i zwalczaniem COVID-19, innych chorób zakaźnych
oraz wywołanych nimi sytuacji kryzysowych w świetle
regulacji dyrektywy 2006/112/WE i ustawy o podatku
od towarów i usług
Authors: Szot Przemysław
Published: March 2021

Celem artykułu jest omówienie skutków podatkowych emisji voucherów turystycznych. Przedstawiony jest rys
historyczny opodatkowania bonów jednego i różnego przeznaczenia. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że vouchery turystyczne
powinny być postrzegane jako bony różnego przeznaczenia. Niejednoznaczny pozostaje moment rozpoznania
obowiązku podatkowego, może bowiem dojść do sytuacji, w której powstanie on w momencie wyboru przez
podróżnego konkretnej usługi lub wykonania tej usługi przez podatnika. Niewykorzystanie bonu różnego przeznaczenia
nie powinno powodować powstania obowiązku podatkowego ze względu na brak wzajemnego świadczenia
ze strony podatnika. Jednakże organy podatkowe mogą przyjąć inn ą wykładnię.
Kamienie milowe poprawy ściągalności podatku
akcyzowego w latach 2016-2021
Authors: Sarnowski Jan , Lewandowski Mateusz
Published: March 2021

Przez wiele lat przedsiębiorcy prowadzący działalność na rynkach paliw płynnych i tytoniu borykali
się z problemem nieuczciwej konkurencji ze strony podmiotów działających w szarej strefie. Na rynek wprowadzano
znaczne ilości wyrobów po cenie, która nie była możliwa do osiągnięcia przez podmioty wywiązujące się z
wynikających z przepisów prawa zobowiązań podatkowych. Dopiero konsekwentnie wdrażane od 2016 roku
zmiany o charakterze „uszczelniającym” doprowadziły do istotnej poprawy ściągalności podatku akcyzowego.
Zmiany te były postulowane przez podatników, dla których „uszczelnienie” akcyzy oznaczało przywrócenie na
rynku warunków uczciwej konkurencji. Proces likwidacji luk w przepisach akcyzowych trwa do dzisiaj. Ma charakter
ciągły i wynika z konieczności reagowania na nowe wyzwania wynikające z pojawiania się na rynku nowych
towarów stanowiących zamienniki dla produktów akcyzowych, z otwierania nowych ścieżek dystrybucji oraz ze
zmieniającej się praktyki działania podatkowych przestępców.
Regimes de Verdade e Discursos na Manutenção de uma Matemática como Instrumento de Exclusão
Authors: Chaves Rodolfo , Cezar Mariana dos Santos , Teixeira Bea Karla Flores Machado
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo apresentamos, como resultado de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, alguns regimes de verdade, sustentados por mitos positivistas. Na investigação, tomamos resíduos de enunciação relativos à Matemática e a discursos que a tomam como dispositivo de controle, logo, de exclusão social. Para tal, utilizamos o método de análise da produção de significados, pertinente ao Modelo dos Campos Semânticos, com o objetivo de produzir significados a regimes de verdade que envolvem discursos voltados à manutenção de uma concepção de Matemática universalista. Como resultado constituímos três núcleos, com suas respectivas estipulações locais, objetos, legitimidades e interlocutores. Daí, verificamos que o núcleo das antíteses aos regimes de verdade positivistas encontra-se diametralmente oposto ao núcleo do Index librorum prohibitorum, e suas estipulações locais são antíteses às estipulações dos dois primeiros núcleos apresentados. Verificamos, ainda, que as estipulações locais do núcleo do Index librorum prohibitorum são sustentadas por mitos positivistas que, acrescidos da ideologia da competência, formam um substrato que nutre sistemas de exclusão dos discursos. Tais discursos, por sua vez, acabam por sustentar as estipulações locais do núcleo das antíteses aos regimes de verdade positivistas.
Potential Biogas Production Generated by Mono- and Co-digestion of Food Waste and Fruit Waste (Durian Shell, Dragon Fruit and Pineapple Peel) in Different Mixture Ratio under Anaerobic Condition
Authors: Muenmee Sutharat , Prasertboonyai Kanyarak
Published: March 2021

This work investigated the potential of generating biogas from mono-digestion of various substrates such as food and fruit waste (e.g., durian shell, dragon fruit peel and pineapple peel) and co-digestion in different combinations of a co-substrate as food waste as well as different types of fruit waste (durian shell, dragon fruit peel and pineapple peel). The mixture of food waste and fruit waste ratio varied as follows: 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75, which was based on weight. The batch experiments were carried out using 125 ml anaerobic digesters and were incubated for 50 days. For a mono-substrate, food waste produced the highest amount of methane gas (60.63 ± 1.02 ml/gvs) followed by durian shell (34.93 ± 1.30 ml/gvs), pineapple peel (31.70 ± 1.60 ml/gvs), and dragon fruit peel (30.12 ± 1.20 ml/gvs), respectively. The highest amount of methane gas came from food waste mixed with durian shell (FW75:D25), and it was on a higher level than food waste mixed with dragon fruit peel (FW75:DF25) and pineapple peel (FW75:P25). The highest methane gas production of co-digestion which was observed at the proportion of food waste and durian shell was 75:25 and produced higher content of methane gas than the highest methane gas production of mono-digestion (food waste) according to the high organic compound and optimum pH value in the system. The results showed that the co-digestion of durian shell and food waste improved methane production and reduced the startup time compared with their mono-digestion. On the other hand, pineapple peel was not suitable for co-digestion with food waste due to a decreasing pH value in the system.
Industrial Ecology for Optimal Food Waste Management in a Region
Authors: Stunžėnas Edgaras , Kliopova Irina
Published: March 2021

Despite numerous discussions between scholars and policymakers, food waste (FW) remains a great concern. European Union alone discards 88 million tons of edible food annually, and when energy, inputs from technosphere and nature, labour, waste management of edible as well as inedible parts are assessed, it amounts to significant environmental and economic impacts. Additionally, food waste is considered a social problem and a matter of food security. Since food waste is a problem of the whole foodstuff supply chain, a holistic approach for its management must be taken. For this reason, an industrial ecology (IE) concept can provide a systemic approach that might be an interesting solution for tackling issues associated with such a biogenic food waste stream. The application of IE brings novelty to the research, because the IE approach is typically used for heavy industry that is concentrated in close proximity. The idea behind the IE approach is to prevent as much food waste as possible, then exploit homogenous sub-products for value added product (either food product or not), and, eventually, to obtain energy (or value added products) via fermentation and produce organic fertilizers of a great agronomical value. The results of investigation showed that numerous prevention and technological solutions can be applied to reduce environmental impact, and when available practises are coupled with IE elements, it brings the management approach close to natural ones. The key IE elements in the model are dematerialization and industrial symbiosis; however, other elements, such as restructuration of energy systems and policy alignment, are also present. As a result of the model application, an economically sound, zero food waste management could be obtained in a region
Biosorption of Cu and Zn in a Batch System via Dried Macroalgae Halimeda opuntia and Turbinaria turbinata
Authors: Madkour Amany , Dar Mahmoud
Published: March 2021

Biosorption is the most favourable technique for the treatment of heavy metals as it is fast, powerful, and low cost, it takes place in a wide range of temperatures as well as it can be used for almost all types of heavy metals. In this study, the biosorption technique adsorbs Cu2+ and Zn2+ on the dried macroalgae (Halimeda opuntia and Turbinaria turbinata) in a batch system. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process are initial metal ion concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 25 mg/L), pH between (4.5 and 5.2), biomass dosage (1 gm) and agitation speed 150 rpm applied at contact time (30, 60 and 120 min). The significant-high average removals of Cu2+ by H.opuntia (> 96%) were recorded in concentrations of 10, 15 and 25 ppm at 120 min and the highest average removals by T.turbinata (81.07%, 78.32% and 74.7%) were recorded in concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 ppm at 120 min. The lowest average removal of Cu2+ 89.22% was recorded by H.opuntia and 49.9% was recorded by T.turbinata in a concentration of 25 ppm at 30 min. In the same way, significant-high average removals (>94%) were recorded in a concentration of 10 ppm at 120 min for H.opuntia and in a concentration of 5 ppm by at 60 min for T.turbinata. In conclusion, the dead biomass of marine algae can provide a promising and low-cost technique for removing heavy metal pollutants in medical industries.
Packet Analysis: a Model Implementation of a Special Communication Protocol Using Micro Programming
Authors: Chaaban Yaser
Published: March 2021

Communication protocols are used in telecommunication systems. These protocols are defined as rules, which enable the entities of communicating systems to transfer information usually as packages. Additionally, each standard communication protocol has uniquely-defined structure and consequently a special pattern of network packets. Here, it is worth mentioning that communication protocols are implemented in different ways, in the system software layer or in hardware layer (silicon chipsets). This paper presents the implementation of a special communication protocol called "Packet Analysis", which is used in the Hardware project "Minimax machine". This implementation is a software that can be written using a special simulator "Minimax simulator", which is the target execution environment. That simulator was successfully developed for micro programming and hardware simulations. In this regard, this study develops an algorithm that represents a step toward simulating communication protocols using micro-programming. The flow chart designed here gives an overview of how the "Packet Analysis" algorithm works (designed protocol), which in turn describes all steps in details. As a result, the entire system of this research paper was implemented and tested with various input values. Additionally, the implemented proposed solution (implemented protocol) was evaluated by two metrics (quantitative measures) using test-benches so that its statistics will be trustworthy for research. Other results of this study showed that there is a lot of scope for optimization in the solution presented in this research paper. This leads in turn to optimize the proposed implementation and to consider implementation alternatives.
An Efficient Technique for Disease Prediction by Using Enhanced Machine Learning Algorithms for Categorical Medical Dataset
Authors: Anusuya Veera , Gomathi V
Published: March 2021

In the 20th century, it is evident that there is a massive evolution of chronic diseases. The data mining approaches beneficial in making some medicinal decisions for curing diseases. But medical data may consist of a large number of data, which makes the prediction process a very difficult one. Also, in the medical field, the dataset may involve both the small database and extensive database. This creates the study of a complex one for disease prediction mechanism. Hence, in this paper, we intend to use a practical machine learning approach for disease prediction of both large and small datasets. Among the various machine learning procedures, classification, and clusters method play a significant role. Therefore, we introduced the enhanced classification and clusters approach in this work for obtaining better accuracy results for disease prediction. In this proposed method, a process of preprocessing is involved, followed by Eigen vector extraction, feature selection, and classification Further, the most suitable features are selected with the use of Multi-Objective based Ant Colony Optimization (MO-ACO) from the extracted features for increasing the classification and clusters. Here we have shown the novelty in every stage of the implementation, such as feature selection, feature extraction, and the final prediction stage. The proposed method will be compared with the existing technique on the measure of precision, NMI, execution time, recall, and Accuracy. Here we conclude with the solution having more accuracy for both small and large datasets.
Elastic Responses of a Composite Shell Structure Subjected to Impact Loading
Authors: HER Shiuh-Chuan , LIAO Ching-Chun
Published: March 2021

Received 17 December 2019; accepted 17 June 2020

This work investigated the elastic responses of a composite laminate shell subjected to a transverse low-velocity impact. The governing equation based on the equations of motion of both the impactor and target was developed to detetrmine the impact force. The displacement of the shell subjected to unit impulse loading was solved using the finite element method. A non-linear differential equation in terms of the indentation depth was derived by incorporating the Hertzian contact law and theory of convolution. Runge-Kutta method was employed to solve the non-linear integro-differential equation, leading to the determination of the impact force at the point of contact between the impactor and the composite shell. The elastic responses including the displacement and stress of the composite laminate shell were evaluated using the finite element method by exerting the impact force on the apex of the composite shell. Present approach was verified with the analytical, experimental and numerical results reported in the existing literatures. The influences of stacking sequence of the composite laminate shell on the impact responses were examined through a series of parametric studies. In addition, impact responses of the spherical shells with different materials such as steel, aluminum and glass were studied.
Influences of Waste Concrete Powder on the Strength Development and Hydration Products of Mortar Containing Fly Ash
Authors: YANG Huashan , CHE Yujun
Published: March 2021

During recycling waste concrete, a large amount of waste concrete powder (WCP) is generated. However, efficient utilization of WCP remains an unresolved issue. This paper investigates the influences of WCP on the properties and hydration products of cement mortar containing fly ash (FA). This study used two different types of WCPs. One was made from an ordinary Portland cement mortar, and the other was derived from a Portland cement mortar. WCP replaced 10%, 20%, and 30% of FA. The water requirement, setting time, flow index, strength, hydration products, and microstructure of FA mortar incorporating WCP were investigated. Test results indicate that the WCP has no significant influence on the performances and hydration products of FA mortar. By adequately combining WCP and FA, the FA mortar with required performances could be reached.
Justice in Migration: Are Human Rights Enough?
Authors: Stilz Anna ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2021

Gillian Brock’s Justice for People on the Move is an important contribution to the migration literature. While I agree with many of Brock’s arguments, I focus here on a few key points of difference between us. I press three interrelated concerns about Brock’s view: first, the practical implications of her assessment of the state-system’s current illegitimacy remain too unclear. Second, Brock’s human rights-based theory neglects the importance of citizens’ democratic agency, in a way that may have paternalistic implications. Third, Brock’s view is tolerant of inequalities of wealth and power that may enable relations of exploitation, as we see by examining her advocacy of guestworker schemes. The article draws attention to those places where Brock’s view faces hard questions, and explains why I might have answered some of these questions differently.
The Other as Categorical Imperative: Levinas’s Reading of Kant
Authors: Keintzel Brigitta ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2021

For Kant and Levinas, the categorical imperative is the only possible formula for universalization. It has a structural necessity. Its claim is ultimate, valid without exception, and therefore reason-based. What differentiates Levinas from Kant is Kant’s assumption that “pure reason, practical of itself” is “immediately lawgiving.” Levinas contradicted this form of reason legislating itself as an end in itself: according to Levinas, reason has no self-generated power. Although both agree that the achievement of an ethical insight depends on “passivity,” in contrast to Kant Levinas does not consider this “passivity” to be part of a conceptual insight. Its place is outside the subject. Instead of an “archetype” that already exists in the subject, Levinas advocates the conception of a counter-image whose form is based on the face. This face is not speechless. His speech is based on a universalizable commandment, namely the commandment: You shall not kill me. In its full extent, this claim can only be understood via a body-based understanding of the categorical imperative.
What can Moral Psychology Contribute to the Understanding of an Ethics of Care?
Authors: Hansson Mimmi Norgren , Lindström Niclas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2021

The recent development within moral psychology has contributed to change the understanding of how people in general make moral judgements. The results suggest that moral judgements typically involve two cognitive processes, rapid emotional responses and slow acts of rational thinking, where the significance of the latter traditionally has been overemphasized. It is possible to argue that the division in moral psychology has a counterpart in an ethics of care which distinguishes between intuitive acts of natural care and deliberate choices of ethical care. The purpose of this paper is thus to discuss if and how the recent development within moral psychology can be used to understand an ethics of care as a moral pedagogical model. We will argue that the findings in moral psychology can contribute to the interpretation and application of an ethics of care which can benefit the understanding of both theories in an educational context.
Challenges and complications of maternal obesity in pregnancy
Authors: Lacković Milan , Filimonović Dejan , Nikolić Dejan
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related health problems is increasing worldwide, especially among woman and man of reproductive age where obesity is designated as one of the most important global health threats in 21st century. Pregnancy in obese woman is considered as a high-risk pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are distinct risk factors with differing associated adverse outcomes, and they could also carry a cumulative negative impact on pregnancy course. Pre-pregnancy obesity is the anthropometric parameter most strongly correlated with perinatal complications. Maternal complications following obesity include antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum complications, such as pregnancy related hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, venous thromboembolism, labor dystocia, labor induction, instrumental and cesarean delivery. Fetal complications related to maternal obesity might include increased prevalence of congenital anomalies, growth abnormalities, prematurity and stillbirth. Prepregnancy overweight and obesity is a potentially modifiable risk factor compromising pregnancy outcome. Among all complications that might arise during pregnancy and that could not be predicted and therefore prevented, pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity management control can significantly reduce potential pregnancy complications. Pre-conceptual counseling should provide an awareness of this arising medical condition in a timely manner and provide risk reduction of complications following pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive GWG.
Influência de diferentes intervalos de processamento de milho doce sobre características quantitativas e qualitativas
Authors: Richieri Rodrigo da Silva , Costa Franciso Gilderlan Silva , Silva Juliana Nascimento , Megguer Clarice Aparecida , Campos Luiz Fernandes Cardoso , Nascimento Abadia dos Reis
Published: March 2021

O milho doce se diferencia do milho comum devido a menores concentrações de amido em relação à sacarose em seu endosperma, característica essa que confere a cultivares deste segmento um sabor adocicado único para essa espécie vegetal. Devido à alta perecibilidade deste produto, recomenda-se que o intervalo entre a colheita e seu processamento seja o menor possível, a fim de preservar tanto características quantitativas como as de ordem qualitativa. Portanto, objetivou-se com esse trabalho estudar os efeitos ocorridos em ordem quantitativa e qualitativa em milho doce quando este é colhido e submetido ao processamento tardio, ou seja, em períodos não recomendados. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Adotou-se como períodos de processamento das espigas 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24 horas após a colheita. Características como peso fresco da espiga com palha, sem palha, somente do sabugo e somente dos grãos oriundos do processamento foram anotados bem como seu rendimento industrial. Também foram avaliados a umidade da amostra, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, teor de sacarose e de açúcares redutores. Durante os períodos de armazenamento pós-colheita e pré-processamento das espigas de milho doce não foi verificado ganhos ou perdas em caráter quantitativo. Verificou-se uma redução de 15,6% na concentração de sólidos solúveis, em função do período de processamento.
Respostas agronômicas da pimenta malagueta a doses de nitrogênio
Authors: Silva Ricardo Barros , Barbosa Wemerson Saulo da Silva , Santos Wellington Manoel dos , Albuquerque Neto João Cardoso de , Santos Neto Antônio Lucrécio dos , Souza Ademária Aparecida de , Martins Gleica Maria Correia , Oliveira José Dailson Silva de
Published: March 2021

A pimenta malagueta possui grande importância econômica e social para produtores devido sua crescente procura por agroindústrias que confeccionam molhos. Apesar disso, estudos sobre o manejo nutricional da pimenta malagueta são escassos, logo a adubação em cultivos é realizada, principalmente, de forma empírica. Diante disso, este trabalho objetivou verificar a influência de doses de nitrogênio na produtividade de pimenta malagueta. O experimento foi conduzido entre agosto de 2016 e maio de 2017 na área experimental do Campus Arapiraca, da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Arapiraca, AL. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e seis doses de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 kg ha-1 N). A aplicação do N ocorreu de forma parcelada aos 108, 142, 172 e 202 dias após o plantio (DAP), utilizou-se ureia como fonte de N. A colheita de frutos iniciou-se 90 DAP, sendo realizada em uma frequência semanal. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura de planta (m), diâmetro do dossel (cm), índice SPAD, número de frutos e produtividade (t ha-1). As doses não influenciaram na altura de plantas e diâmetro do dossel. O maior índice SPAD (53,11), maior produção de frutos totais ao final do período de colheita (2.773 frutos por planta-1) e maior produtividade (26,25 t ha-1) foram verificados com 500 kg ha-1 de N.