bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New potentiometric sensor for total phenolic assay of plant extracts
Authors: Işıldak Ömer , Yıldız İlyas
Published: May 2024

In this study, a sensitive, fast, and inexpensive new potentiometric determination method based on the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) is proposed to determine the total phenolic content in plant extracts. For this purpose, a potentiometric-based all-solid-state-contact polyvinyl chloride membrane sensor was developed. Gallic acid compound was used as the active component (ionophore) in the developed sensor and the potentiometric behavior of the sensor was characterized. The detection limit of the selective sensor to the FCR was determined as 0.022 mol L−1 and showed a linear potential change in the concentration range of 0.0039 to 0.5 mol L−1 and a fast response time of 40 to 45 s. The developed sensor was also applied to the plant extracts and the obtained measurement results were found to be in agreement with the spectrometer results in the literature.
Association of calciprotein particles with serum phosphorus among patients undergoing conventional and extended-hours haemodialysis
Authors: Nishibori Nobuhiro , Okazaki Masaki , Miura Yutaka , Hishida Manabu , Kurasawa Shimon , Imaizumi Takahiro , Kato Noritoshi , Kosugi Tomoki , Kuro-o Makoto , Kasuga Hirotake , Kaneda Fumika , Maruyama Shoichi
Published: May 2024

Background and hypothesis

Extended-hours haemodialysis (HD) is associated with better clinical outcomes than conventional HD. We investigated whether extended-hours HD and conventional HD have varying effects on blood levels of calciprotein particles (CPP) and phosphorus, which have been identified as major pathogenic molecules for vascular calcification.

Methods

Patients who underwent conventional or extended in-centre daytime HD between January and March 2020 were included. Plasma CPP levels, representing only secondary CPP (CPP-Ⅱ), were measured in pre-dialysis samples. Linear and non-linear associations between CPP and serum phosphorus levels were examined across dialysis modalities.

Results

A total of 382 participants (185 undergoing extended-hours HD and 197 undergoing conventional HD) were included in the analysis. The median age of participants was 71 years, 65% of the patients were men, and the mean phosphorus level was 5.4 mg/dL. Plasma CPP (CPP-Ⅱ) levels were lower in the extended-hours HD group than in the conventional HD group (40 018 AU vs. 75 728 AU, p < 0.01). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that extended-hours HD was associated with lower natural logarithmic plasma CPP (CPP-Ⅱ) levels: -0.64 (95% CI: -0.74 to -0.55). Restricted cubic spline function indicated that extended-hours HD was associated with lower plasma CPP (CPP-Ⅱ) levels across levels of serum phosphorus, with significant differences observed between groups, especially in hyperphosphatemic conditions (P for interaction < 0.01).

Conclusions

The extended-hours HD group had lower CPP levels than the conventional HD group despite no significant differences in serum phosphorus levels, which may contribute to better clinical outcomes in patients on extended-hours HD.
The value of the current histological scores and classifications of ANCA glomerulonephritis in predicting long-term outcome
Authors: Stella Matteo , Locatelli Laura , Sala Filippo Maria , Reggiani Francesco , Calatroni Marta , L'Imperio Vincenzo , Pagni Fabio , Maggiore Umberto , Moroni Gabriella , Sinico Renato Alberto
Published: May 2024

Background

Three different histological scores—histopathologic classification (Berden), Renal Risk Score (RRS) and the Mayo Clinic Chronicity Score (MCCS)—for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) were compared to evaluate their association with patient and kidney prognosis of ANCA-GN.

Methods

Patients aged >18 years with at least 1 year of follow-up and biopsy-proven ANCA-GN entered this retrospective study. Renal biopsies were classified according to Berden's classification, RRS and MCCS. The first endpoint was end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), defined as chronic dialysis or estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min/1.73 m2. The second endpoint was ESKD or death.

Results

Of 152 patients 84 were males, with median age of 63.8 years and followed for 46.9 (interquartile range 12.8–119) months, 59 (38.8%) reached the first endpoint and 20 died. The Kaplan–Meier curves showed that Berden and RRS were associated with first (Berden: P = .004, RRS: P < .001) and second (Berden: P = .001, RRS: P < .001) endpoint, MCCS with the first endpoint only when minimal + mild vs moderate + severe groups were compared (P = .017), and with the second endpoint (P < .001). Among the clinical/histological presentation features, arterial hypertension [odds ratio (OR) = 2.75, confidence interval (95% CI) 1.50–5.06; P = .0011], serum creatinine (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.09–1.25; P < .0001), and the percentage of normal glomeruli (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99; P = .009) were the independent predictors of ESKD at multivariate analysis. When the three scores were included in multivariate analysis, RRS (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.15–4.24; P = .017) and MCCS (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.04–3.95; P = .037) remained predictive of ESKD, but Berden (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.62–2.22; P = .691) did not.

Conclusion

RRS and MCCS scores were independent predictors of kidney survival together with high serum creatinine and arterial hypertension at diagnosis, while Berden classification was not.
Interaction of general obesity and abdominal obesity with frailty in patients with chronic kidney disease: a nationally representative analysis
Authors: Yang Changyuan , Qin Xindong , Qiu Jiamei , Avesani Carla Maria , Cai Qingqing , Xia Ai , Lu Yi , Shen Lingshan , Duan Ruolan , Zhong Jingyi , Yang Zhenhua , Liu Xusheng , Lindholm Bengt , Lu Fuhua , Su Guobin
Published: May 2024

Background

General and abdominal obesity are prevalent, with established associations to frailty in the elderly. However, few studies have investigated these associations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), yielding inconsistent results.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analysed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003–2018). Frailty was evaluated by the 36-item frailty index. General obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2; abdominal obesity was identified if waist circumference (WC) reached 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women. The associations of general and abdominal obesity with frailty were analysed using weighted multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines. The interaction of general and abdominal obesity with frailty was examined.

Results

A total of 5604 adult patients (median age 71 years, 42% men) with CKD were included in this analysis, with a median estimated glomerular filtration rate of 57.3 ml/min/1.73 m2. A total of 21% were frail with general obesity and 32% were frail with abdominal obesity. Neither general nor abdominal obesity alone was associated with frailty. There was an interaction between general and abdominal obesity with frailty. Compared with individuals with normal BMI and WC, those with both general and abdominal obesity, rather than either alone, exhibited significantly increased odds of frailty {odds ratio [OR] 1.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.95]}. General obesity was associated with being frail only when CKD patients had abdominal obesity [OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.08–2.36)].

Conclusions

There may be an interaction between general and abdominal obesity with frailty in patients with CKD. Interventions aimed at preventing frailty should consider both aspects.
Hydric physiology and ecology of a federally endangered desert lizard
Authors: Weaver Savannah J , Axsom Ian J , Peria Lindsay , McIntyre Tess , Chung Justin , Telemeco Rory S , Westphal Michael F , Taylor Emily N
Published: May 2024

Animals can respond to extreme climates by behaviourally avoiding it or by physiologically coping with it. We understand behavioural and physiological thermoregulation, but water balance has largely been neglected. Climate change includes both global warming and changes in precipitation regimes, so improving our understanding of organismal water balance is increasingly urgent. We assessed the hydric physiology of US federally endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizards (Gambelia sila) by measuring cutaneous evaporative water loss (CEWL), plasma osmolality and body condition. Measurements were taken throughout their active season, the short period of year when these lizards can be found aboveground. Compared to a more mesic species, G. sila had low CEWL which is potentially desert-adaptive, and high plasma osmolality that could be indicative of dehydration. We hypothesized that throughout the G. sila active season, as their habitat got hotter and drier, G. sila would become more dehydrated and watertight. Instead, CEWL and plasma osmolality showed minimal change for females and non-linear change for males, which we hypothesize is connected to sex-specific reproductive behaviours and changes in food availability. We also measured thermoregulation and microhabitat use, expecting that more dehydrated lizards would have lower body temperature, poorer thermoregulatory accuracy and spend less time aboveground. However, we found no effect of CEWL, plasma osmolality or body condition on these thermal and behavioural metrics. Finally, G. sila spends considerable time belowground in burrows, and burrows may serve not only as essential thermal refugia but also hydric refugia.
Role of multimodality cardiac imaging for evaluation of intramyocardial dissection, from dissecting haematoma to false-pseudoaneurysm: a case series
Authors: Carrión-Sánchez Irene , Tejada-González Carlos , Gómez-Delgado Jennifer , Párraga Rocio , Cobiella Javier , de Agustín Jose Alberto , Pozo-Osinalde Eduardo , García-Lledó Alberto
Published: May 2024

Background

Intramyocardial dissection (ID) is an extremely rare myocardial infarction mechanical complication. Although both clinical and imaging assessment of this rare condition remains a challenge, recent multimodality imaging techniques may help to confirm and to assess the progressive nature of the disease. Diagnosis may be reached in different stages, from as early as the intramyocardial dissecting haematoma to the severe false-pseudoaneurysm.

Case summary

This series describes five cases of ID and provides insights into imaging findings and clinical course of this extremely uncommon condition. Our patients represented a wide range of clinical stages, from asymptomatic course to cardiogenic shock. The imaging diagnostic approach was very different from case to case and involved techniques such as echocardiography, cardiac CT, and cardiac magnetic resonance.

Discussion

Intramyocardial dissection is a challenging condition in terms of diagnosis and clinical management associated with high morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the different nomenclature found in the literature may be confusing. This case series supports the need of a terminology standardization and a multimodal imaging approach, which might be determinant for an accurate differential diagnosis and a suitable therapeutic management.
A rare case report of an acquired aortopulmonary artery fistula after Bentall procedure: multimodality imaging approach may be the key?
Authors: Barki Monica , Sacchi Stefania , Marcolin Cecilia , Ajello Silvia , Scandroglio Anna Mara
Published: May 2024

Background

The acquired communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Its diagnosis is challenging and may require a multimodality imaging approach.

Case summary

A 67-year-old Caucasian man, admitted for acute respiratory failure unresponsive to medical therapy and non-invasive ventilation, was diagnosed with an aortopulmonary fistula (APF) complicating a pseudoaneurysm of the aortic root. This condition developed after Bentall cardiac surgery, which entailed the use of a straight Dacron aortic graft coupled with a mechanical prosthesis. A multimodal imaging approach, combining echocardiography and computed tomography angiography, was diagnostic and supported the development of a surgical treatment strategy. The patient underwent successful surgical closure of the APF and correction of the aortic pseudoaneurysm.

Discussion

Aortopulmonary fistula can result in rapid clinical deterioration if left untreated. The combination of echocardiography and computed tomography angiography techniques allowed for the diagnosis and surgical correction of the APF.
Examining the typical hemodynamic performance of nearly 3000 modern surgical aortic bioprostheses
Authors: Klautz Robert J M , Rao Vivek , Reardon Michael J , Deeb G Michael , Dagenais Francois , Moront Michael G , Little Stephen H , Labrousse Louis , Patel Himanshu J , Ito Saki , Li Shuzhen , Sabik Joseph F , Oh Jae K
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this analysis was to assess the normal haemodynamic performance of contemporary surgical aortic valves at 1 year postimplant in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement for significant valvular dysfunction. By pooling data from 4 multicentre studies, this study will contribute to a better understanding of the effectiveness of surgical aortic valve replacement procedures, aiding clinicians and researchers in making informed decisions regarding valve selection and patient management.

METHODS

Echocardiograms were assessed by a single core laboratory. Effective orifice area, dimensionless velocity index, mean aortic gradient, peak aortic velocity and stroke volume were evaluated.

RESULTS

The cohort included 2958 patients. Baseline age in the studies ranged from 70.1 ± 9.0 to 83.3 ± 6.4 years, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk of mortality was 1.9 ± 0.7 to 7.5 ± 3.4%. Twenty patients who had received a valve model implanted in fewer than 10 cases were excluded. Ten valve models (all tissue valves; n = 2938 patients) were analysed. At 1 year, population mean effective orifice area ranged from 1.46 ± 0.34 to 2.12 ± 0.59 cm2, and dimensionless velocity index, from 0.39 ± 0.07 to 0.56 ± 0.15. The mean gradient ranged from 8.6 ± 3.4 to 16.1 ± 6.2 mmHg with peak aortic velocity of 1.96 ± 0.39 to 2.65 ± 0.47 m/s. Stroke volume was 75.3 ± 19.6 to 89.8 ± 24.3 ml.

CONCLUSIONS

This pooled cohort is the largest to date of contemporary surgical aortic valves with echocardiograms analysed by a single core lab. Overall haemodynamic performance at 1 year ranged from good to excellent. These data can serve as a benchmark for other studies and may be useful to evaluate the performance of bioprosthetic surgical valves over time.

Clinical trial registration number

NCT02088554, NCT02701283, NCT01586910 and NCT01531374.
Twenty-first century customs fraud: how to effectively enforce EU sustainability requirements on imports
Authors: Pauwelyn Joost
Published: May 2024

Countries increasingly adopt measures to make their economy more sustainable. These measures range from pricing carbon and protecting forests to promoting renewable energy and banning forced labour. This article examines how countries can effectively enforce such sustainability requirements on imports. Based on two case studies—the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)—and other developments in EU customs law and practice, this article shows that customs inspection of elements that cannot be physically detected in the imported product as such is neither unique nor new. Similar challenges arise when dealing with massive inflows of small e-commerce consignments or having to check the origin or value of products. Indeed, for customs enforcement more generally, the trend is one away from physical inspection of products on a transaction basis at the point of entry, toward verification and control of firms before and especially after release of the goods. To implement this ‘product-to-firm’ shift, four back-up features are, however, crucial, focusing on data, penalties/circumvention, cooperation, and resources.
Chromothripsis: an emerging crossroad from aberrant mitosis to therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Ejaz Umer , Dou Zhen , Yao Phil Y , Wang Zhikai , Liu Xing , Yao Xuebiao
Published: May 2024

Chromothripsis, a type of complex chromosomal rearrangement originally known as chromoanagenesis, has been a subject of extensive investigation due to its potential role in various diseases, particularly cancer. Chromothripsis involves the rapid acquisition of tens to hundreds of structural rearrangements within a short period, leading to complex alterations in one or a few chromosomes. This phenomenon is triggered by chromosome mis-segregation during mitosis. Errors in accurate chromosome segregation lead to formation of aberrant structural entities such as micronuclei or chromatin bridges. The association between chromothripsis and cancer has attracted significant interest, with potential implications for tumorigenesis and disease prognosis. This review aims to explore the intricate mechanisms and consequences of chromothripsis, with a specific focus on its association with mitotic perturbations. Herein, we discuss a comprehensive analysis of crucial molecular entities and pathways, exploring the intricate roles of the CIP2A–TOPBP1 complex, micronuclei formation, chromatin bridge processing, DNA damage repair, and mitotic checkpoints. Moreover, the review will highlight recent advancements in identifying potential therapeutic targets and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with chromothripsis, paving the way for future therapeutic interventions in various diseases.
Cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence among police officials: findings from a cross-sectional study in Kerala, India
Authors: Greeshma J , Mini G K , Marthanda Pillai A , Irazola Vilma
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Police officials’ stressful and physically demanding activities reportedly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study explored the prevalence of CVD risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and overweight among police officials in Kerala, India.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 police officials in selected police stations in the Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. The World Health Organization STEPs questionnaire for noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance was used to collect information. We collected STEP 1 (demographics, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet) and STEP 2 (weight, height, and blood pressure) data. Multivariable analysis was done to identify factors associated with hypertension.

Results

The mean age of participants was 42 years (range: 30-55 years) and the majority were men (83.5%). Current use of tobacco or alcohol was reported by 22.7% of the participants. The prevalence of overweight was 64.7% and physical inactivity was 35.1%. Self-reported prevalence of diabetes was 7.5% and of hyperlipidemia was 11.4%. Hypertension prevalence was 40.4%. Among hypertensives, 35.9% were aware, 20.4% were treated, and 5.8% had controlled blood pressure. The control rate was 28.6% among treated hypertensives. When controlling for age, diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 3.57; 95% CI: 1.16-10.90), and overweight (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.06-3.35) participants were more likely to have hypertension compared with their counterparts.

Conclusions

Police officers have a high prevalence of significant CVD risk factors such as hypertension, physical inactivity, and being overweight. These findings reinforce the need for interventions addressing the above risk factors to prevent CVD in this population.
Competition for engineering tenure-track faculty positions in the United States
Authors: Roy Siddhartha , Velasco Brenda , Edwards Marc A
Published: May 2024

How likely are engineering PhD graduates to get a tenure-track faculty position in the United States? To answer this question, we analyzed aggregated yearly data on PhD graduates and tenure-track/tenured faculty members across all engineering disciplines from 2006 to 2021, obtained from the American Society of Engineering Education. The average likelihood for securing a tenure-track faculty position for engineering overall during this 16-year period was 12.4% (range = 10.9–18.5%), implying that roughly 1 in 8 PhD graduates attain such positions. After a significant decline from 18.5 to 10.9% between 2006 and 2014 (R2 = 0.62; P < 0.05), a trend consistent with a period of rising competition, the outlook has since stabilized between 11.3 and 12% (R2 = 0.04; P > 0.05). Given that most engineering PhD graduates will never secure a tenure-track faculty position, emphasizing alternative career tracks during doctoral training could align expectations better with reality.
Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and the risk of erectile dysfunction: a study from NHANES 2001-2004
Authors: Wu Xu , Zhang Yuyang , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xiansheng
Published: May 2024

Background

The monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) has become a novel inflammation marker with a possible association with erectile dysfunction (ED); however, there are fewer studies exploring the association between MHR and ED.

Aim

This study sought to explore the association between MHR and ED.

Methods

This study population was drawn from participants in two 2-year cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2002 and 2003-2004). MHR was calculated as the ratio of monocyte count (103 cells/μL) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL). The relationship between MHR and ED was explored using survey-weighted logistic regression models with MHR as a continuous variable and divided into tertiles (tertile 1 [T1]: <0.01; T2: 0.01-0.014; T3: >0.014). We also used a smooth curve fit (penalized spline method) to characterize the dose-response relationship between MHR and ED. In addition, subgroup analyses based on age, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease were performed to further analyze the data. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to further assess the stability of the results.

Outcomes

The main outcome measure was the difference in ED prevalence between MHR levels.

Results

A total of 1361 participants were enrolled, with 513 (T1), 438 (T2), and 410 (T3) participants in the 3 MHR groups. After adjusting for all potential covariates, survey-weighted logistic regression analyses showed a significant association between MHR and ED (odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-3.05). When MHR was used as a categorical variable, the adjusted OR for ED prevalence increased significantly with increasing MHR after adjusting for all potential covariates (T3 vs T1: OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.29-3.55). The dose-response curves showed that the prevalence of ED increased with increasing MHR.

Clinical Implications

Easy to access and low cost, MHR is a convenient clinical tool that helps clinicians in the prevention and treatment of ED.

Strengths and Limitations

The present study is the first to examine the association between MHR and ED nationally representative data. However, the study population was derived from a U.S. database, so the findings are limited to the U.S. population.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that MHR levels were independently associated with ED and that ED patients had higher MHR levels, suggesting that MHR may be a valuable predictor for identifying people at higher risk for ED.
Evaluation of Elnady preserved tissues as a teaching aid for undergraduate animal science courses
Authors: Daniel Jay A , Kukor Isabella
Published: May 2024

The use of tissue specimens for undergraduate instruction is a very valuable tool. However, fresh tissue specimens are not always available and many common preservation techniques can result in discoloration, offensive odors, and/or dangerous chemical residues. The Elnady Technique was developed as a means to produce tissue specimens that “are realistic, durable, have no offensive odor, and are dry, soft and flexible” (Elnady, F.A. 2016 The Elnady Technique: An innovative, new method for tissue preservation. Altex. 33:237-242. doi:10.14573/altex.1511091). Briefly for soft tissue, specimens were preserved by fixing in formalin. The tissue specimen was then dehydrated with a series of acetone baths. Once the tissue was fully dehydrated, the specimen was impregnated in glycerin. Excess glycerin was then removed by draining followed by immersion in cornstarch. Cornstarch residue was removed with a soft brush, and the specimen was stored in a plastic bag. Multiple specimens (including the female reproductive tract of the cat, goat, horse, and sow; digestive tract of cat, chicken, and dog; 1-day-old lamb stomach; goat rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum; and sheep heart and kidney) have been preserved and used in various animal science course laboratories (126 laboratory sections and 1,696 students at Berry College). Some of the specimens have been in use for seven years and are still in usable condition. Anonymously surveyed Berry College Animal Science Faculty strongly agreed or agreed that Elnady preserved tissues are a useful teaching aid (n = 5). The Elnady Technique has proven to be a useful means of preserving tissue samples used in undergraduate animal science courses.
Emergence and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 in New York
Authors: Gámbaro Fabiana , Duerr Ralf , Dimartino Dacia , Marier Christian , Iturrate Eduardo , Mulligan Mark J , Heguy Adriana , Dellicour Simon
Published: May 2024

The recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 variant was first detected in New York City (NYC) and rapidly became the predominant variant in the area by early 2023. The increased occurrence of circulating variants within the SARS-CoV-2 XBB-sublineage prompted the modification of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech. This update, implemented in mid-September 2023, involved the incorporation of a monovalent XBB.1.5 component. Considering that NYC probably played a central role in the emergence of the XBB.1.5 variant, we conducted phylogeographic analysis to investigate the emergence and spread of this variant in the metropolitan area. Our analysis confirms that XBB.1.5 emerged within or near the NYC area and indicates that XBB.1.5 had a diffusion velocity similar to that of the variant Alpha in the same study area. Additionally, the analysis of 2,392 genomes collected in the context of the genomic surveillance program at NYU Langone Health system showed that there was no increased proportion of XBB.1.5, relative to all cocirculating variants, in the boosted compared to unvaccinated individuals. This study provides a comprehensive description of the emergence and dissemination of XBB.1.5.
DNAJC24 acts directly with PCNA and promotes malignant progression of LUAD by activating phosphorylation of AKT
Authors: Liu Dongming , Zuo Ran , Liu Wei , He Yuchao , Wang Yu , Yue Ping , Gong Wenchen , Cui Jinfang , Zhu Fuyi , Luo Yi , Qi Lisha , Guo Yan , Chen Liwei , Li Guangtao , Liu Zhiyong , Chen Peng , Guo Hua
Published: May 2024

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of highly conserved proteins found in a wide range of organisms. In recent years, members of the HSP family were overexpressed in various tumors and widely involved in oncogenesis, tumor development, and therapeutic resistance. In our previous study, DNAJC24, a member of the DNAJ/HSP40 family of HSPs, was found to be closely associated with the malignant phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its relationship with other malignancies needs to be further explored. Herein, we demonstrated that DNAJC24 exhibited upregulated expression in LUAD tissue samples and predicted poor survival in LUAD patients. The upregulation of DNAJC24 expression promoted proliferation and invasion of LUAD cells in A549 and NCI‐H1299 cell lines. Further studies revealed that DNAJC24 could regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by affecting AKT phosphorylation. In addition, a series of experiments such as Co‐IP and mass spectrometry confirmed that DNAJC24 could directly interact with PCNA and promoted the malignant phenotypic transformation of LUAD. In conclusion, our results suggested that DNAJC24 played an important role in the progression of LUAD and may serve as a specific prognostic biomarker for LUAD patients. The DNAJC24/PCNA/AKT axis may be a potential target for future individualized and precise treatment of LUAD patients.
IL‐10‐induced modulation of macrophage polarization suppresses outer‐blood‐retinal barrier disruption in the streptozotocin‐induced early diabetic retinopathy mouse model
Authors: Lee Seok Jae , Noh Sung‐Eun , Jo Dong Hyun , Cho Chang Sik , Park Kyu‐Sang , Kim Jeong Hun
Published: May 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with ocular inflammation leading to retinal barrier breakdown, vascular leakage, macular edema, and vision loss. DR is not only a microvascular disease but also involves retinal neurodegeneration, demonstrating that pathological changes associated with neuroinflammation precede microvascular injury in early DR. Macrophage activation plays a central role in neuroinflammation. During DR, the inflammatory response depends on the polarization of retinal macrophages, triggering pro‐inflammatory (M1) or anti‐inflammatory (M2) activity. This study aimed to determine the role of macrophages in vascular leakage through the tight junction complexes of retinal pigment epithelium, which is the outer blood‐retinal barrier (BRB). Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), a representative M2‐inducer, can decrease inflammatory macrophages and alleviate outer‐BRB disruption. We found that modulation of macrophage polarization affects the structural and functional integrity of ARPE‐19 cells in a co‐culture system under high‐glucose conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intravitreal IL‐10 injection induces an increase in the ratio of anti‐inflammatory macrophages and effectively suppresses outer‐BRB disruption and vascular leakage in a mouse model of early‐stage streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. Our results suggest that modulation of macrophage polarization by IL‐10 administration during early‐stage DR has a promising protective effect against outer‐BRB disruption and vascular leakage. This finding provides valuable insights for early intervention in DR.
Clinical remission in severe asthma: lights and shadows on an ambitious goal
Authors: Pelaia Corrado , Zannoni Eleonora , Paoletti Giovanni , Marzio Valentina , Heffler Enrico , Carrón-Herrero Alejandra
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review

The aim of this study was Describe the latest evidence related to the concept of clinical remission in patients with severe asthma, focusing on the lights and shadows of this concept.

Recent findings

The idea of clinical remission in severe asthma patients brings about a significant shift in the way asthma is treated and managed. Although there has yet to be unanimous agreement among various scientific societies on the precise definition, this concept can be extremely useful in advancing the treatment of the disease.

Asthma is a common respiratory condition that affects more than 300 million people globally. It has variable symptoms and severity levels, with about 10% of patients experiencing severe asthma. While there have been advancements in treatment, severe asthma poses significant challenges. Recent approaches have focused on achieving clinical remission, which goes beyond symptom control to address underlying inflammation and biological processes. Clinical remission criteria include the absence of symptoms, reduced medication usage, and normalized inflammatory markers. Various biologic therapies show promise, with some patients achieving remission. However, remission's definition varies globally, hindering standardization and a valid comparison. Standardizing remission criteria and refining predictive factors are crucial for effective asthma management. Overall, achieving clinical remission offers hope for improved long-term outcomes in severe asthma patients.
Increased 1-Year Revision Rates Among Left-Sided Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures
Authors: Gu Alex , Doe Keli , Bracey Lauren , Agarwal Amil , Raffa Taylor , Farley Benjamin , Fraychinaud Thomas , Knapp Brock , Tabaie Sean , Debritz James , Sterling Robert
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:

To compare 1-year revision rates among left-sided and right-sided intertrochanteric femur fractures.

METHODS:

Design:

Retrospective.

Setting:

120+ contributing centers to multicentered database.

Patient Selection Criteria:

Patients who sustained intertrochanteric femur fracture (ITFF) and had a cephalomedullary nail (CMN) from 2015 to 2022 were identified. Patients were then stratified based on left-sided or right-sided fracture. Patients were excluded if younger than 18 years with <1-year follow-up. The intervention investigated was CMN on left or right side.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:

One-year revision surgery, comparing CMN performed on left or right side for ITFFs.

RESULTS:

In total, 113,626 patients met inclusion criteria, with 55,295 in the right-sided cohort and 58,331 in the left-sided cohort. There was no difference between cohorts with respect to age, gender, diabetes, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, or congestive heart failure (P > 0.05 for all). Patients who sustained a left ITFF and treated with a CMN were more likely to have revision surgery at 1 year (Left: 1.24%, Right: 0.90%; OR: 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.1.33) or develop a nonunion or malunion (Left: 1.30%, Right: 0.98%; OR: 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14–1.52). The most common revision surgery conducted for both cohorts was conversion total hip arthroplasty (Left: 70.4% and Right: 70.0%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients who sustained a left intertrochanteric femur fracture and were treated with a CMN were more likely to undergo revision at 1 year due to nonunion. There were no differences in demographics and comorbidities between cohorts. Though left-sided versus right-sided confounding variables may exist, the difference in nonunion rate may be explained by clockwise torque of the lag screw used in most implants. Increased awareness, implant design, and improved technique during fracture reduction and fixation may help lower this disproportionate nonunion rate and its associated morbidity and financial impact.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Two Weeks Versus One Week of Maximal Patient-Intensivist Continuity for Adult Medical Intensive Care Patients: A Two-Center Target Trial Emulation*
Authors: Admon Andrew J. , Cohen-Mekelburg Shirley , Opatrny Megan , Lee Kathleen T. , Law Anica C. , Gershengorn Hayley B. , Valley Thomas S. , Prescott Hallie C. , Wiktor Michael J. , Neeluru Jayashree , Cooke Colin R. , Weissman Gary E.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:

To compare outcomes for 2 weeks vs. 1 week of maximal patient-intensivist continuity in the ICU.

DESIGN:

Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:

Two U.S. urban, teaching, medical ICUs where intensivists were scheduled for 2-week service blocks: site A was in the Midwest and site B was in the Northeast.

PATIENTS:

Patients 18 years old or older admitted to a study ICU between March 1, 2017, and February 28, 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

We applied target trial emulation to compare admission during an intensivist’s first week (as a proxy for 2 wk of maximal continuity) vs. admission during their second week (as a proxy for 1 wk of maximal continuity). Outcomes included hospital mortality, ICU length of stay, and, for mechanically ventilated patients, duration of ventilation. Exploratory outcomes included imaging, echocardiogram, and consultation orders. We used inverse probability weighting to adjust for baseline differences and random-effects meta-analysis to calculate overall effect estimates. Among 2571 patients, 1254 were admitted during an intensivist’s first week and 1317 were admitted during a second week. At sites A and B, hospital mortality rates were 25.8% and 24.2%, median ICU length of stay were 4 and 2 days, and median mechanical ventilation durations were 3 and 3 days, respectively. There were no differences in adjusted mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.01 [95% CI, 0.96–1.06]) or ICU length of stay (–0.25 d [–0.82 d to +0.32 d]) for 2 weeks vs. 1 week of maximal continuity. Among mechanically ventilated patients, there were no differences in adjusted mortality (OR, 1.00 [0.87–1.16]), ICU length of stay (+0.06 d [–0.78 d to +0.91 d]), or duration of mechanical ventilation (+0.37 d [–0.46 d to +1.21 d]) for 2 weeks vs. 1 week of maximal continuity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Two weeks of maximal patient-intensivist continuity was not associated with differences in clinical outcomes compared with 1 week in two medical ICUs.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of psoriasis patients with COVID-19: A retrospective, multicenter cohort study in China
Authors: Liu Yanhua , Xu Zhongrui , Zhou Jian , Chen Aijun , Zhang Junling , Kang Xiaojing , Jiang Xian , Lyu Chengzhi , Shi Chunrui , Shi Yuling , Liu Xiaoming , Li Fuqiu , Yang Bin , Huang Yongmei , Yu Chen , Wang Gang
Published: May 2024

Background:

Limited information exists regarding the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on psoriasis patients. The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with the prognosis of psoriasis following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods:

A retrospective, multicenter study was conducted between March and May 2023. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related psoriasis outcomes. The study included 2371 psoriasis patients from 12 clinical centers, with 2049 of them having been infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Results:

Among the infected groups, lower exacerbation rates were observed in individuals treated with biologics compared to those receiving traditional systemic or nonsystemic treatments (22.3% [236/1058] vs. 39.8% [92/231] vs. 37.5% [140/373], P <0.001). Psoriasis progression with lesions (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 8.197, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 5.685–11.820, compared to no lesions), hypertension (adjusted OR = 1.582, 95% CI = 1.068–2.343), traditional systemic (adjusted OR = 1.887, 95% CI = 1.263–2.818), and nonsystemic treatment (adjusted OR = 1.602, 95% CI = 1.117–2.297) were found to be associated with exacerbation of psoriasis after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not biologics (adjusted OR = 0.931, 95% CI = 0.680–1.274, compared to no treatment), according to multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions:

A reduced risk of psoriasis exacerbation after SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed with biologics compared to traditional systemic and nonsystemic treatments. Significant risk factors for exacerbation after infection were identified as existing psoriatic lesions and hypertension.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT05961605).
Exploring the seasonal variation of anorectal disease: A comprehensive study
Authors: Basak Fatih
Published: May 2024

Background

The occurrence of medical illnesses varies with the seasons, which are influenced by the environment. This variation can be valuable for healthcare administrators in effectively allocating resources. Although seasonal variation has been extensively studied in infectious and surgical diseases, it has received limited attention in the case of perianal diseases. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the seasonal variation specifically in hemorrhoids and fissures.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis on patients admitted with hemorrhoids and fissures between January 2010 and December 2019. To assess seasonality, we utilized the chi-square goodness-of-fit test, a statistical method widely recognized for its ability to determine if observed data aligns with expected frequencies. By adjusting for variations in the number of days between seasons, we aimed to ensure accurate and reliable results.

Results

Overall, 49,046 patients were admitted with hemorrhoids, and 33,480 patients were admitted with anal fissures during the study period. The frequency of admitted hemorrhoids varied between months (minimum: June, n = 3865; maximum: March, n = 4591; P < 0.001) and seasons (minimum: summer, n = 11,771; maximum: spring, n = 12,989; P = 0.03). The frequency of admitted anal fissures also varied between months (minimum: June, n = 2356; maximum: March, n = 3244; P < 0.001) and seasons (minimum: summer, n = 7180; maximum: winter, n = 9246; P = 0.04). Age and gender distribution across months and seasons were similar (P > 0.05 for each).

Conclusions

Our research findings confirm that there is a seasonal variation in the occurrence of hemorrhoids and fissures. Specifically, we have observed that the spring and winter seasons have the highest number of cases for each condition, whereas the summer season has the lowest. These results highlight the importance of considering seasonal factors when studying these medical conditions.
Sigmoid volvulus and concomitant clinical entities
Authors: Atamanalp Sabri Selcuk , Disci Esra , Peksoz Rifat
Published: May 2024

Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is common in elders. For this reason, most geriatric comorbidities accompany SV. Additionally, SV may associate with a great number of physiological or pathological entities. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the kind and the incidence of such comorbidities as well as to discuss their pathophysiology. To obtain all SV-related reports in worldwide data, an electronic search of the last 57 years' literature (from 1967 to date) was made in Web of Science and PubMed databases by using “sigmoid volvulus” heading. Additionally, we evaluated our results including 1071 patients treated in a 57-year period from June 1966 to July 2023. We noted comorbid entities in each case. Tens of physiological or pathological clinical entities may accompany SV. Some entities may be the cause or result of SV, whereas some others may mimic SV or mimicked by this disease. Moreover, some factors may predispose to SV, whereas some others may initiate it. Some of these comorbidities have cause and effect relations, whereas some others are coincidental. However, the relationship between SV and some comorbid entities as well as underlying pathologies is not clear enough.
Exploring the relationship between anemia in pregnancy and infant mortality: a narrative review
Authors: Khan Hira A. , Qamar Khulud , Salman Yumna , Shakir Amaima , Butt Malaika S. , Tharwani Zoaib H. , Malikzai Abdullah
Published: May 2024

Anemia is a multivariate and highly prevalent health concern among the worldwide population. However, owing to the socioeconomic conditions of Pakistan and physiological changes that take place during pregnancy, an exceptionally high percentage of pregnant Pakistani females suffer from anemia with the most common cause being iron deficiency. Unsurprisingly, many complications for both mother and child have been recorded in association with this issue, such as postpartum hemorrhage, low birthweight, stunted development, and still birth. Given the situation, it is imperative to strengthen operational measures while introducing more effective strategies to improve health status among pregnant women.
Association between vaginal microbiota and vaginal inflammatory immune markers in postmenopausal women
Authors: Byrne Elizabeth H. , Song Hoseung , Srinivasan Sujatha , Fredricks David N. , Reed Susan D. , Guthrie Katherine A. , Wu Michael , Mitchell Caroline M.
Published: May 2024

Objective

In premenopausal individuals, vaginal microbiota diversity and lack ofLactobacillusdominance are associated with greater mucosal inflammation, which is linked to a higher risk of cervical dysplasia and infections. It is not known if the association between the vaginal microbiota and inflammation is present after menopause, when the vaginal microbiota is generally higher-diversity and fewer people haveLactobacillusdominance.

Methods

This is a post hoc analysis of a subset of postmenopausal individuals enrolled in a randomized trial for treatment of moderate-severe vulvovaginal discomfort that compared vaginal moisturizer, estradiol, or placebo. Vaginal fluid samples from 0, 4, and 12 weeks were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (microbiota) and MesoScale Discovery (vaginal fluid immune markers: IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, IL-10, IL-9, IL-13, IL-8, IP10, MIP1a, MIP1b, MIP3a). Global associations between cytokines and microbiota (assessed by relative abundance of individual taxa and Shannon index for alpha, or community, diversity) were explored, adjusting for treatment arm, using linear mixed models, principal component analysis, and Generalized Linear Mixed Model + Microbiome Regression-based Kernel Association Test (GLMM-MiRKAT).

Results

A total of 119 individuals with mean age of 61 years were included. At baseline, 29.5% of participants had aLactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota. Across all timepoints, alpha diversity (Shannon index,P= 0.003) was highly associated with immune markers. Individual markers that were associated withLactobacillusdominance were similar to those observed in premenopausal people: IL-10, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8 (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.01), IL-13 (FDR = 0.02), and IL-2 (FDR = 0.09). Over 12 weeks, change in alpha diversity was associated with change in cytokine concentration (Shannon,P= 0.018), with decreased proinflammatory cytokine concentrations observed with decreasing alpha diversity.

Conclusions

In this cohort of postmenopausal individuals,Lactobacillusdominance and lower alpha diversity were associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory immune markers, as has been reported in premenopausal people. This suggests that after menopause lactobacilli continue to have beneficial effects on vaginal immune homeostasis, despite lower prevalence.
Operating Room Waste Generated From Corneal and Conjunctival Surgeries
Authors: Thakur Shambhawi , Sheppard John D. , Eslani Medi , Pavilack Mark A. , Philippy Brian , Ramanathan Gautam C. , Cheung Albert Y.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The purposes of this study were to bring awareness to the surgical waste generated from corneal and conjunctival surgeries and to compare those findings with the waste generated from cataract surgeries.

Methods:

This was an observational prospective pilot cohort study at a tertiary corneal/anterior segment private practice. All waste related to cataract, cornea, and conjunctival surgical procedures (including anesthesia waste and corneal tissue storage) was weighed. The primary outcome was total waste generated while other outcomes included surgical setting (ambulatory surgical center, hospital, and minor operating room) and comparison of corneal/conjunctival surgeries with cataract surgery.

Results:

Surgical waste data were collected from 119 surgeries (82 corneal/conjunctival surgeries and 37 cataract surgeries). Hospital surgeries produced more waste than ambulatory surgical center and minor operating room surgeries. Penetrating keratoplasty (2.22 kg, P = 0.483) and Descemet stripping only (2.11 kg, P = 0.326) procedures generated comparable mean waste with cataract surgery (2.07 kg) while endothelial keratoplasties produced more (P < 0.001, 0.002). (Deep) anterior lamellar keratoplasty results depended on the surgical setting. All conjunctival surgeries produced less waste than cataract surgery.

Conclusions:

In comparison with cataract surgery, keratoplasties overall produced comparable or more waste while conjunctival surgeries produced less waste. The surgical setting and type of anesthesia played a substantial role in the amount of waste generated. Assessing waste production from different ophthalmic surgeries may increase awareness of the negative environmental impact of surgical waste and promote practice or legal changes to improve environmental sustainability.