Study of the effect of bioorganic calcium hydroxyapatite and sodium glauconite in experimental aflatoxicosis and T-2 toxicosis
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering N. I. Vavilova, Saratov, Russia, Melnikova Darya I. , Agaltsov Valery A. ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering N. I. Vavilova, Saratov, Russia, Khaptsev Zaur Yu. ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering N. I. Vavilova, Saratov, Russia, Padilo Larisa P. ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering N. I. Vavilova, Saratov, Russia, Navolokin Nikita A. ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Russia, Chernykh Oleg Yu. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia; North Caucasus Zonal Veterinary Research Institute (SKZNIVI) is a branch of Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, Russia, Shevchenko Alexander N. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia, Belousov Vasiliy I. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Koba Igor S. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2025

For the experiment, 25 white mongrel rats were used, which were divided into 5 groups (4 experimental and 1 control). For 10 days, the animals were fed grain containing mycotoxins (Aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin). The first group was fed grain containing Aflatoxin B1. The second group was fed grain containing Aflatoxin B1 with the addition of a mixture of hydroxyapatite and glauconite. The third group was fed grain containing T-2 toxin. The fourth group was fed grain containing T-2 toxin with the addition of a mixture of hydroxyapatite and glauconite. The fifth control group was fed mycologically pure grain. During clinical observation of animals, changes in the behavior of the first and third groups were revealed. The rats became sluggish, sedentary, noted frequent defecation, respiratory rhythm disturbances (shortness of breath) and polydipsia. While in the second and fourth experimental groups, no deviations (changes) were noticed. After 10 days, a control slaughter and autopsy of laboratory animals from four experimental groups and rats of the control group was carried out. Subsequently, histological sections of the tissues of internal organs were prepared and described.
In the samples of the first group, it was revealed: pronounced fullness of blood vessels and sinusoids of the liver, moderate dystrophy of hepatocytes in the liver. There is moderate fullness of blood vessels and vascular glomeruli in the kidneys, the space between the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule is free. Moderate dystrophy of the epithelium of convoluted tubules in the form of swelling. There are clear boundaries between red and white pulp in the spleen, and the fullness of the red pulp. In the stomach, the integumentary epithelium of the mucosa and gland is without pathology. In the intestine, the mucosa is preserved, the goblet cells are preserved.
In the second group, it was revealed: pronounced fullness of blood vessels and sinusoids of the liver in the liver, and the phenomenon of blood separation in individual vessels. There is moderate fullness of blood vessels and vascular glomeruli in the kidneys, the space between the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule is free. Moderate dystrophy of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules. There are clear boundaries between red and white pulp in the spleen, and the fullness of the red pulp. In the stomach, the integumentary epithelium of the mucosa and gland is without pathology. In the intestine, the mucosa is preserved, the goblet cells are preserved.
In the third group, it was revealed: pronounced vascular fullness and moderate fullness of liver sinusoids in the liver. There is pronounced fullness of blood vessels and vascular glomeruli in the kidneys, the space between the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule is narrowed. Moderate dystrophy of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules. There are clear boundaries between red and white pulp in the spleen, and the fullness of the red pulp. In the stomach, the integumentary epithelium of the mucosa and gland is without pathology. In the intestine, the mucosa is preserved, the goblet cells are preserved.
In the fourth group, it was revealed: Pronounced fullness of blood vessels and sinusoids of the liver in the liver, and the phenomenon of blood separation in individual vessels. There is moderate fullness of blood vessels and vascular glomeruli in the kidneys, the space between the Shumlyansky- Bowman capsule is free. Moderate dystrophy of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules. There are clear boundaries between red and white pulp in the spleen, and the fullness of the red pulp. In the stomach, the integumentary epithelium of the mucosa and gland is without pathology. In the intestine, the mucosa is preserved, the goblet cells are preserved.
In rats of all groups, vascular fullness was noted in the internal organs, the most pronounced fullness was in the third group, and moderate dystrophy of tissue cells of internal organs was also observed. Also, the space between the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule was narrowed in the kidney tissues of the third group. In the tissues of the spleen of rats in all groups, there were clearly formed follicles and a full-blooded red pulp. Normal structure was noted in the tissues of the intestine and stomach. Significant pathological changes were noted in rats of the third group, however, all changes are by definition insignificant and reversible.
The use of organic calcium hydroxyapatite and inorganic sodium glauconite as enterosorbents in experimental mycotoxicoses caused by aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin indicates a decrease in the negative effect of the studied toxins on the rat body.