bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor immune cell infiltration score based model predicts prognosis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Chen Can , Li Yiwei , Miao Peiwen , Xu Ying , Xie Yaping , Chen Zhenzhen , Qian Shenxian
Published: October 2022

The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in various processes, including tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Immune signatures have been identified and verified for use in diagnosis and prognosis prediction. We used single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to evaluate tumor immune cell infiltration score (TIICs) and verify their prognostic significance in both training and validation cohorts and using this information to build a prognostic model. A total of 1281 samples were obtained for further evaluation of the immune enrichment scores of 28 immune cells, showing that Th17 cell contributed most significantly to survival. Using the median TIICs as a cutoff to divide the samples into two groups, we found that the high-TIICs group was associated with favorable outcomes in both the training and validation sets. We then constructed a prognostic model to predict the 6, 8, and 10-year survival outcomes. Further analysis showed that immune score and tumor purity were higher in the high-TIICs group, while the matrix score was lower in this group. Forty-two differentially expressed genes were identified between the two groups. This new prognostic model based on immune cell infiltration indicates the potential for TIICs in predicting prognosis and as targets for treatment.
In vitro inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by dry algae powders
Authors: Garcia-Ruiz Daniel , Villalobos-Sánchez Erendira , Alam-Escamilla David , Elizondo-Quiroga Darwin
Published: October 2022

Chlorella spp., Spirulina spp., and fucoidan dry powders, are commercialized as food supplements and are considered safe for human consumption. Their broad-spectrum antiviral properties have been studied, however, their effect against SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown. We investigated the potential antiviral activity of three algae powders: Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) and fucoidan purified from marine brown algae Sargassum spp. against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Vero cells were incubated with 70 μg/ml of each algae powder and either 50 or 100 TCID50/ml of SARS-CoV-2, in two types of experiments (pretreatment and simultaneous) and comparing two kinds of solvents (DMEM and DMSO). Chlorella vulgaris powder, inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in all assays; viral RNA was significantly reduced in supernatants at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-infection, the highest difference in viral load (8000-fold) was observed after 96 h. Arthrospira maxima powder inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection using 50 TCID50/ml for both experimental schemes, but protection percent was lower when viral inoculum was increase to 100 TCID50/ml; viral RNA decreased 48 h after infection, reaching a 250-fold difference at 72 h. Fucoidan powder partially inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection since no CPE was observed in 62.5% of trated cultures in DMEM, but the antiviral activity was increased to 100% of protection when DMSO was used as solvent. All the algae samples showed high antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with a SI above of 18. These results suggest that all three algae samples are potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of COVID-19.
A feasibility study using sodium alginate injection for penetrating abdominal trauma in a swine model
Authors: Barsky Daniel , Ben Ya’acov Ami , Avraham Linn Wagnert , Nachman Dean , Eisenkraft Arik , Mintz Yoav , Shteyer Eyal
Published: October 2022

Penetrating abdominal injury is a major cause of death in trauma. Sodium alginate hydrogel, a hemostatic agent, offers a platform for targeting both mechanical and biological injuries. The current study assessed the effect of Very Low Viscosity (high) G (VLVG) alginate following abdominal trauma in a swine model of penetrating abdominal injury. Seven anesthetized pigs were instrumented with invasive monitoring catheters and abdominal trauma was introduced by laparoscopic hepatectomy. Ten minutes after the induction of hypovolemic shock, three animals were intra-abdominally administered with VLVG alginate (study group) and four animals with saline (control group). During 8 h of continuous monitoring, various hemodynamic and biochemical variables were measured and liver biopsies for histological evaluation were taken. Hemodynamically, VLVG alginate-treated animals were more stable than controls, as reflected by their lower heart rate and higher blood pressure (p < 0.05 for both). They also had lower levels of liver enzymes and lactate, and less histopathological damage. We show that VLVG alginate might be a promising new agent for reducing penetrating intra-abdominal injury, with hemostatic and biocompatibility efficiency, and tissue preserving properties. Future effort of integrating it with a dispersal device may turn it into a valuable pre-hospital emergency tool to improve survival of trauma casualties.
Modeling fine-grained spatio-temporal pollution maps with low-cost sensors
Authors: Iyer Shiva R. , Balashankar Ananth , Aeberhard William H. , Bhattacharyya Sujoy , Rusconi Giuditta , Jose Lejo , Soans Nita , Sudarshan Anant , Pande Rohini , Subramanian Lakshminarayanan
Published: October 2022

The use of air quality monitoring networks to inform urban policies is critical especially where urban populations are exposed to unprecedented levels of air pollution. High costs, however, limit city governments’ ability to deploy reference grade air quality monitors at scale; for instance, only 33 reference grade monitors are available for the entire territory of Delhi, India, spanning 1500 sq km with 15 million residents. In this paper, we describe a high-precision spatio-temporal prediction model that can be used to derive fine-grained pollution maps. We utilize two years of data from a low-cost monitoring network of 28 custom-designed low-cost portable air quality sensors covering a dense region of Delhi. The model uses a combination of message-passing recurrent neural networks combined with conventional spatio-temporal geostatistics models to achieve high predictive accuracy in the face of high data variability and intermittent data availability from low-cost sensors (due to sensor faults, network, and power issues). Using data from reference grade monitors for validation, our spatio-temporal pollution model can make predictions within 1-hour time-windows at 9.4, 10.5, and 9.6% Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) over our low-cost monitors, reference grade monitors, and the combined monitoring network respectively. These accurate fine-grained pollution sensing maps provide a way forward to build citizen-driven low-cost monitoring systems that detect hazardous urban air quality at fine-grained granularities.
Strong modulation of carrier effective mass in WTe2 via coherent lattice manipulation
Authors: Soranzio Davide , Savoini Matteo , Beaud Paul , Cilento Federico , Boie Larissa , Dössegger Janine , Ovuka Vladimir , Houver Sarah , Sander Mathias , Zerdane Serhane , Abreu Elsa , Deng Yunpei , Mankowsky Roman , Lemke Henrik T. , Parmigiani Fulvio , Peressi Maria , Johnson Steven L.
Published: October 2022

The layered transition-metal dichalcogenide WTe2 is characterized by distinctive transport and topological properties. These properties are largely determined by electronic states close to the Fermi level, specifically to electron and hole pockets in the Fermi sea. In principle, these states can be manipulated by changes to the crystal structure. The precise impact of particular structural changes on the electronic properties is a strong function of the specific nature of the atomic displacements. Here, we report on time-resolved X-ray diffraction and infrared reflectivity measurements of the coherent structural dynamics in WTe2 induced by femtosecond laser pulses excitation (central wavelength 800 nm), with emphasis on a quantitative description of both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrational modes. We estimate the magnitude of these motions, and calculate via density functional theory their effect on the electronic structure. Based on these results, we predict that phonons periodically modulate the effective mass of carriers in the electron and hole pockets up to 20%. This work opens up new opportunities for modulating the peculiar transport properties of WTe2 on short time scales.
Older Barbary macaques show limited capacity for self-regulation to avoid hazardous social interactions
Authors: Rathke Eva-Maria , Mundry Roger , Fischer Julia
Published: October 2022

According to the Strength-and-Vulnerability-Integration (SAVI) model, older people are more motivated to avoid negative affect and high arousal than younger people. To explore the biological roots of this effect, we investigate communicative interactions and social information processing in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) living at ‘La Forêt des Singes’ in Rocamadour, France. The study combines an analysis of the production of (N = 8185 signals, 84 signallers) and responses to communicative signals(N = 3672 events, 84 receivers) with a field experiment (N = 166 trials, 45 subjects). Here we show that older monkeys are not more likely to specifically ignore negative social information or to employ avoidance strategies in stressful situations, although they are overall less sociable. We suggest that the monkeys have only a limited capacity for self-regulation within social interactions and rather rely on general avoidance strategies to decrease the risk of potentially hazardous social interactions.
A ventral stream-prefrontal cortex processing cascade enables working memory gating dynamics
Authors: Yu Shijing , Rempel Sarah , Gholamipourbarogh Negin , Beste Christian
Published: October 2022

The representation of incoming information, goals and the flexible processing of these are required for cognitive control. Efficient mechanisms are needed to decide when it is important that novel information enters working memory (WM) and when these WM ‘gates’ have to be closed. Compared to neural foundations of maintaining information in WM, considerably less is known about what neural mechanisms underlie the representational dynamics during WM gating. Using different EEG analysis methods, we trace the path of mental representations along the human cortex during WM gate opening and closing. We show temporally nested representational dynamics during WM gate opening and closing depending on multiple independent neural activity profiles. These activity profiles are attributable to a ventral stream-prefrontal cortex processing cascade. The representational dynamics start in the ventral stream during WM gate opening and WM gate closing before prefrontal cortical regions are modulated. A regional specific activity profile is shown within the prefrontal cortex depending on whether WM gates are opened or closed, matching overarching concepts of prefrontal cortex functions. The study closes an essential conceptual gap detailing the neural dynamics underlying how mental representations drive the WM gate to open or close to enable WM functions such as updating and maintenance.
Decoding the transcriptome of calcified atherosclerotic plaque at single-cell resolution
Authors: Alsaigh Tom , Evans Doug , Frankel David , Torkamani Ali
Published: October 2022

Atherogenesis involves an interplay of inflammation, tissue remodeling and cellular transdifferentiation (CTD), making it especially difficult to precisely delineate its pathophysiology. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing and systems-biology approaches to analyze the transcriptional profiles of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in calcified atherosclerotic core (AC) plaques and patient-matched proximal adjacent (PA) portions of carotid artery tissue from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Our results reveal an anatomic distinction whereby PA cells express inflammatory mediators, while cells expressing matrix-secreting genes occupy a majority of the AC region. Systems biology analysis indicates that inflammation in PA ECs and VSMCs may be driven by TNFa signaling. Furthermore, we identify POSTN, SPP1 and IBSP in AC VSMCs, and ITLN1, SCX and S100A4 in AC ECs as possible candidate drivers of CTD in the atherosclerotic core. These results establish an anatomic framework for atherogenesis which forms the basis for exploration of a site-specific strategy for disruption of disease progression.
Machine learned synthesizability predictions aided by density functional theory
Authors: Lee Andrew , Sarker Suchismita , Saal James E. , Ward Logan , Borg Christopher , Mehta Apurva , Wolverton Christopher
Published: October 2022

A grand challenge of materials science is predicting synthesis pathways for novel compounds. Data-driven approaches have made significant progress in predicting a compound’s synthesizability; however, some recent attempts ignore phase stability information. Here, we combine thermodynamic stability calculated using density functional theory with composition-based features to train a machine learning model that predicts a material’s synthesizability. Our model predicts the synthesizability of ternary 1:1:1 compositions in the half-Heusler structure, achieving a cross-validated precision of 0.82 and recall of 0.82. Our model shows improvement in predicting non-half-Heuslers compared to a previous study’s model, and identifies 121 synthesizable candidates out of 4141 unreported ternary compositions. More notably, 39 stable compositions are predicted unsynthesizable while 62 unstable compositions are predicted synthesizable; these findings otherwise cannot be made using density functional theory stability alone. This study presents a new approach for accurately predicting synthesizability, and identifies new half-Heuslers for experimental synthesis.
Interfacial profile of axial nanowire heterostructures in the nucleation limited regime
Authors: Leshchenko E. D. , Johansson J.
Published: October 2022

We report thermodynamic modeling of the formation of axial III–V nanowire heterostructures grown by the self-catalyzed and Au-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid methods.
Interaction of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with supported phospholipid bilayers as model biomembranes
Authors: Galluzzi Massimiliano , Marfori Lorenzo , Asperti Stefania , De Vita Alessandro , Giannangeli Matteo , Caselli Alessandro , Milani Paolo , Podestà Alessandro
Published: October 2022

The cytotoxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) is receiving increasing attention due to their potential biological and environmental impact. We have used atomic force microscopy to investigate the interaction of ILs with supported phospholipid bilayers, as models of biomembranes.
Theoretical insights into the separation of Am(iii)/Eu(iii): designing ligands based on a preorganization strategy
Authors: Lei Xia-Ping , Wu Qun-Yan , Wang Cong-Zhi , Lan Jian-Hui , Chai Zhi-Fang , Nie Chang-Ming , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: October 2022

The extraction behaviors of Am(iii) and Eu(iii) were investigated using phenanthroline and bipyridine ligands based on a preorganization strategy.
Polarity and moisture induced trans-grain-boundaries 2D/3D coupling structure for flexible perovskite solar cells with high mechanical reliability and efficiency
Authors: Yan Ying , Wang Ruiting , Dong Qingshun , Yin Yanfeng , Zhang Linghui , Su Zhenhuang , Wang Chenyue , Feng Jiangshan , Wang Minhuan , Liu Jing , Ma Hongru , Feng Yulin , Shang Wenzhe , Wang Zhiyong , Pei Mingzhu , Wang Yudi , Jin Shengye , Bian Jiming , Gao Xingyu , Liu Shengzhong , Shi Yantao
Published: October 2022

Precise control of the growth of 2D perovskites on 3D perovskites to form “trans-grain boundaries” 2D/3D structure for the preparation of flexible perovskite solar cells with a certified PCE up to 22.1% and excellent mechanical stability.
Demixing the miscible liquids: toward biphasic battery electrolytes based on the kosmotropic effect
Authors: Kim Won-Yeong , Kim Hong-I , Lee Kyung Min , Shin Eunhye , Liu Xu , Moon Hyunseok , Adenusi Henry , Passerini Stefano , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Sang-Young
Published: October 2022

A biphasic liquid electrolyte based on the kosmotropic effect is presented to fulfill the requirements of anodes and cathodes. Kosmotropic anions enable demixing of aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes, improving redox kinetics at cathodes and Zn2+ cyclability at anodes.
Few-layer graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic efficiency: the role of narrow bandgap and nitrogen-vacancies
Authors: Huang Qiang , Liu Yang , Bai Wenhui , Hong Jiahui , Ai Yuejie , Chen Zhe
Published: October 2022

A 1.4 nm graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst was fabricated for organic contaminant degradation and the photocatalytic mechanism with nitrogen vacancies and few-layer structure was revealed.
Stoichiometry dependent phase evolution of co-evaporated formamidinium and cesium lead halide thin films
Authors: Heinze Karl L. , Wessel Patrick , Mauer Melissa , Scheer Roland , Pistor Paul
Published: October 2022

Ensuring single-phase growth during evaporation of perovskite absorbers for solar cells is a critical step towards industrialization, since the mechanisms of δ-phase suppression need to be fully understood.
Snapshot imprinting as a tool for surface mapping and identification of novel biomarkers of senescent cells
Authors: Piletska Elena , Thompson Dana , Jones Rebecca , Cruz Alvaro Garcia , Poblocka Marta , Canfarotta Francesco , Norman Rachel , Macip Salvador , Jones Donald J. L. , Piletsky Sergey
Published: October 2022

An effective snapshot imprinting procedure was developed for analysis of proteins expressed by a cell or tissue. As an example, the proteins differentially expressed by senescent cells were identified and compared with standard proteomics technique.
Cobalt doped titania-carbon nanosheets with induced oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic degradation of uranium complexes in radioactive wastes
Authors: Alhindawy Islam G. , Mira Hamed I. , Youssef Ahmed O. , Abdelwahab Saad M. , Zaher Ahmed A. , El-Said Waleed A. , Elshehy Emad A. , Abdelkader Amr M.
Published: October 2022

The photocatalytic degradation of uranium–arsenazo complex followed by photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent uranium to insoluble tetravalent uranium via the synthesized Co@TiO2-C photocatalyst under UV irradiation.
Impact of fluorination on the energy level alignment of an FnZnPc/MAPbI3 interface
Authors: Oleiki Elham , Javaid Saqib , Lee Geunsik
Published: October 2022

The impact of fluorination of ZnPc on interfacial hole transfer.
Advances in nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery for liver cancer and liver-associated infectious diseases
Authors: Chung Seokhwan , Lee Chan Mi , Zhang Miqin
Published: October 2022

Nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery can increase the effectiveness of mRNA-based therapeutics and vaccines. These nanoparticles can deliver mRNA to treat liver diseases such as hepatocarcinoma and hepatotropic infections.
Photo-induced synthesis and antitumor activity of marine zygosporamide analogs containing the isoindolinone fragment
Authors: Zhao Lishuang , Deng Yuanhao , Ji Yuxin , Guan Fujing , Bao Yujun , Li Xuewei , Wei Liguo
Published: October 2022

Two novel marine zygosporamide analogs with the isoindolinone fragment were synthesized, and the binding of the compounds with the EGFR protein of liver cancer cells was studied with the aim of explaining the bioactivity difference.
The ‘emodin family’ of fungal natural products–amalgamating a century of research with recent genomics-based advances
Authors: de Mattos-Shipley Kate M. J. , Simpson Thomas J.
Published: October 2022

A large and diverse family of fungal compounds are those related to the anthraquinone emodin. By viewing this family as a whole and combining our genetic and chemical understanding, we gain detailed insights into their biosynthetic origins.
Rapid electrophoretic deposition of biocompatible graphene coatings for high-performance recording neural electrodes
Authors: Dong Miheng , Coleman Harold A. , Tonta Mary A. , Xiong Zhiyuan , Li Dan , Thomas Sebastian , Liu Minsu , Fallon James B. , Parkington Helena C. , Forsythe John S.
Published: October 2022

A thin graphene oxide(GO) coating was electrophoretically deposited on Pt/Ir neural electrodes. Followed by electrochemical reduction, the rGO coated electrodes exhibited excellent biocompatibility and improved in vivo neural recordings.
Surface-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer of fluoromonomers: an efficient tool to improve interfacial adhesion in piezoelectric composites
Authors: Bouad Vincent , Ohno Kohji , Addad Ahmed , Marin Adeline , Donzel Nicolas , Barrau Sophie , Lyskawa Joël , Ladmiral Vincent
Published: October 2022

Baryum titanate/P(VDF-co-TrFE) piezoelectric composites with sturdy interfaces thanks to surface-initiated RAFT polymerization prepared fluoropolymer brushes.
A MOF chemosensor for highly sensitive and ultrafast detection of folic acid in biofriendly medium, paper strips and real samples
Authors: Mukherjee Srijan , Ghosh Subhrajyoti , Biswas Shyam
Published: October 2022

A new dansyl functionalized Zr(iv) MOF was used for ultra-fast (<5 s), highly sensitive (detection limit: 1.3 nM) and selective fluorescence sensing of folic acid in bio-fluids, real samples and paper strips.
ZIF-67/wood derived self-supported carbon composites for electromagnetic interference shielding and sound and heat insulation
Authors: Ma Xiaofan , Guo Hongtao , Zhang Chunmei , Chen Donghe , Tian Zhiwei , Wang Yifan , Chen Yiming , Wang Shiwei , Han Jingquan , Lou Zhichao , Mei Changtong , Jiang Shaohua
Published: October 2022

Co/C@WC composites showed better electromagnetic shielding performance and also exhibited sound insulation, temperature resistance and good mechanical performance.
Rapid synthesis of spirodienones via electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization in flow
Authors: Li Nan , Shi Zhaojiang , Yuan Yaofeng , Li Zhen , Ye Ke-Yin
Published: October 2022

An electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization in flow has been developed, featuring the use of electrons as the clean oxidant in a minimum amount of electrolytes to afford diverse spirodienones in a short reaction time.
Low-temperature CO oxidation over Rh/Al2O3 in a stagnation-flow reactor
Authors: Alghamdi Nawaf M. , Gautam Ribhu , Gascon Jorge , Vlachos Dionisios G. , Sarathy S. Mani
Published: October 2022

This study provides thorough, novel experimental data for low-temperature CO oxidation on Rh/Al2O3 in a stagnation-flow reactor.
Visible-light-induced dual catalysis for N-α C(sp3)–H amination and alkenylation of N-alkyl benzamides
Authors: Li Long-Hai , Gu Xin-Tao , Shi Min , Wei Yin
Published: October 2022

The amination and alkenylation of the C(sp3)–H bond at the N-α position of secondary benzamides were both realized by using N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) imidate esters as substrates under a dual photoredox-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst.
Pattern enrichment analysis for phage selection of stapled peptide ligands
Authors: Miki Takayuki , Namii Keigo , Seko Kenta , Kakehi Shota , Moro Goshi , Mihara Hisakazu
Published: October 2022

To effectively identify helical peptide binders from a phage library, we developed “pattern enrichment analysis,” which finds the enriched three-residue patterns by comparison with a control sample.
Tyrosine bioconjugation with hypervalent iodine
Authors: Declas Nina , Maynard John R. J. , Menin Laure , Gasilova Natalia , Götze Sebastian , Sprague Jakob L. , Stallforth Pierre , Matile Stefan , Waser Jerome
Published: October 2022

A tyrosine bioconjugation for the introduction of hypervalent iodine onto biomolecules is described. The transformation was applied to peptides and proteins and was used to modify native streptavidin to enable thiol-mediated cellular uptake.
Xanthone-based solvatochromic fluorophores for quantifying micropolarity of protein aggregates
Authors: Wang Lushun , Hsiung Chia-Heng , Liu Xiaojing , Wang Shichao , Loredo Axel , Zhang Xin , Xiao Han
Published: October 2022

Using a single atom substitution approach, we have developed a series of solvatochromic fluorophores that respond solely to polarity. The utility of these fluorophores is demonstrated by quantifying the polarity of misfolded and aggregated proteins.
Identification of potential M2 macrophage-associated diagnostic biomarkers in coronary artery disease
Authors: Li Kunlin , Kong Ruize , Ma Lijing , Cao Yu , Li Wei , Chen Rui , Gong Kunmei , Jiang Lihong
Published: October 2022

Background: M2 macrophages have been reported to be important in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, the present study aims at exploring the diagnostic value of M2 macrophage-associated genes in CAD.

Methods: Transcriptome profile of CAD and control samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The proportion of immune cells was analyzed using cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to screen the relevant module associated with M2 macrophages. Differential CAD and control samples of expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the limma R package. Functional enrichment analysis by means of the clusterProfiler R package. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest (RF) algorithms were carried out to select signature genes. Receiver operating curves (ROC) were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of selected signature genes. The expressions of potential diagnostic markers were validated by RT-qPCR. The ceRNA network of diagnostic biomarkers was constructed via miRwalk and Starbase database. CMap database was used to screen candidate drugs in the treatment of CAD by targeting diagnostic biomarkers.

Results: A total of 166 M2 macrophage-associated genes were identified by WGCNA. By intersecting those genes with 879 DEGs, 53 M2 macrophage-associated DEGs were obtained in the present study. By LASSO, RF, and ROC analyses, C1orf105, CCL22, CRYGB, FRK, GAP43, REG1P, CALB1, and PTPN21 were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers. RT-qPCR showed the consistent expression patterns of diagnostic biomarkers between GEO dataset and clinical samples. Perhexiline, alimemazine and mecamylamine were found to be potential drugs in the treatment of CAD.

Conclusion: We identified eight M2 macrophage-associated diagnostic biomarkers and candidate drugs for the CAD treatment.
Stable routing protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle ad‐hoc networks based on DQN‐OLSR
Authors: Zeng Youjun , Zhou Jie , Liu Youjiang , Cao Tao , Yang Dalong , Liu Yu , Shi Xianhua
Published: October 2022

In unmanned aerial vehicle ad‐hoc network (UANET), the network topology changes with time due to the movement of the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which brings great challenges to the design of the routing protocol. In traditional routing protocols, when UANET topology changes, nodes cannot dynamically update neighbour nodes and topology information, and routing table calculation cannot accurately reflect the actual transmission path. As a result, network cannot meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements such as low end‐to‐end delay, high throughput and low packet loss rate. This paper proposes a dynamically optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol based on Deep Q‐Network algorithm (DQN‐OLSR). In this protocol, each node first adjusts the sending interval of Hello messages adaptively in real time, according to the position and speed information of its neighbour nodes. Then the protocol uses the DQN algorithm to dynamically adjust the flooding interval of topology control (TC) messages to improve the routing update capability of nodes. The simulation verifies that the UANETs under this protocol have higher throughput and less packet loss rate than ad‐hoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV), grid routing protocol (GRP) and OLSR protocols, at different movement speeds in random waypoint (RWP) and random walk mobile models. Under nomadic as well as pursue mobile models, DQN‐OLSR performs consistently with OLSR QoS performance, with the best performance among all four protocols. By further adding positioning errors to the nodes, it shows that the proposed protocol has good robustness, and the QoS performance degradation keeps within a low level.
Interconnection of severe obesity, gastric intestinal metaplasia, gastric cancer, bariatric surgery and the necessity of preoperative endoscopy
Authors: Kermansaravi Mohammad , Valizadeh Rohollah , Farazmand Behnood
Published: October 2022

Obesity is a growing challenge around the globe accounting for approximately 1.7 billion adults with reduced life expectancy of 5–20 years and these patients are at greater risk for various cancers. Bariatric surgery is one efficient an approved treatment of severe obesity for losing weight and to decrease associated health complications. Besides correct indications and contraindications as well as the various risks of individual bariatric surgical procedures, many more variables influence decision-makings, such as patient’s family history of diseases, as well as individual patient-specific factors, patient and family socioeconomic and nutrition status, and professionalism of a bariatric surgical unit and the presence of intestinal metaplasia that is the replacement of columnar epithelial cells by intestinal architecture and morphology. Patients with severe obesity undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and biopsy prior to bariatric surgery may present with gastric IM because regular follow-up to early diagnosis of any subsequent pathological changes is necessary and reveals the importance of addressing interconnections between pre-existing conditions and outcomes. However, there is currently no unified recommendation about preoperative EGD before bariatric surgery. With this short review, we point out the necessary knowledge that undermines why the responsibility for a patient with severe obesity cannot be divided across various disciplines, and why we recommend that EGD always be performed preoperatively.
De la physiognomonie à la dento-génique
Authors: Choukroun Marc Gérald
Published: October 2022

Les traits du visage peuvent-ils donner lieu à des inférences sur le caractère de la personne ? Depuis les Grecs de nombreuses tentatives ont été présentées, sans cependant correspondre à des recherches scientifiques qui impliquent des biostatistiques. En revanche si les études correspondent à des représentations culturelles, historiques et sociales, il est possible de s'intéresser à ces correspondances comme étant symboliques et influençant le jugement arbitraire des sujets. Il est possible alors de construire une cartographie de la morphologie dentaire et des expressions qu'elle engendre auprès du public. Cette tentative a été dénommée la dentogénique par Frush et Fisher[13].
The Synthesis of Novel P,N-Ferrocenylpyrrolidine-Containing Ligands and Their Application in Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation – A Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigation
Authors: Guiry Patrick J. , Brennan Therese B. , Müller-Bunz Helge
Published: October 2022

The synthesis of a series of planar chiral P,N-ferrocenylpyrrolidine-containing ligands, with varying substituents at the phosphorus donor atom, is described. The phosphorus donor atom was introduced via a diastereoselective ortho-directed metalation of N-methylpyrrolidinyl ferrocene followed by a quench with various chlorophosphines. These P,N systems are very active in Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of 1,3-diphenylpropenyl acetate with dimethylmalonate (conversions of up to 100%) and demonstrated good levels of enantioselectivity (up to 85% ees). Good selectivity for the (R)-enantiomer was observed and mechanistic studies, involving X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopic experiments, were employed to help rationalize the observed stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Factors Associated with Early Career Research Productivity after Ophthalmology Residency
Authors: Wieder Matthew S. , He Catherine H. , Pahl Daniel A. , Parsikia Afshin , Mbekeani Joyce N.
Published: October 2022

Background Few studies have evaluated associations between ophthalmology trainee characteristics and performance with postgraduate research productivity.

Purpose This article evaluates factors associated with post-residency research productivity among U.S. ophthalmology graduates.

Methods Publicly available information of residents graduating between 2009 and 2014 from 30 randomly selected U.S. ophthalmology programs was collected from June to September 2020. Differences in publications between the 5 years post-residency and pre-residency/residency period were used as metrics of productivity. Residents with incomplete records were excluded.

Results A total of 758 of 768 residents, 306 females (40.4%) and 452 males (59.6%), met inclusion criteria. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) number of pre-residency publications was 1.7 (4.0), residency was 1.3 (2.2), and post-residency was 4.0 (7.3). Mean (SD) H-index was 4.2 (4.9). Top-ranked residency (p = 0.001), Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) medical honor status (p = 0.002), U.S. medical school graduates (p < 0.001), and academic career (p < 0.001) were all associated with higher pre-/post-residency mean publication difference. Pursuing fellowship training also was associated with higher total publications (p < 0.001). Of all pre-residency degrees, PhD had the greatest odds of high postgraduate publications (defined as > 4). There was a positive correlation between both pre-residency/residency and post-residency publications (rho = 0.441; p < 0.001) and between mean difference of pre-residency/post-residency publications for residents at a program and that program's Doximity rank (rho = 0.497; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed, academic career choice (odds ratio [OR] = 3.38; p < 0.001), Heed fellowship (OR = 3.12; p = 0.031), > 2 residency publications (OR = 2.89; p < 0.001), AOA status (OR = 2.0; p = 0.004), and top-ranked residency programs (OR = 1.89; p = 0.007), had greatest odds of > 4 postgraduation publications.

Conclusion Higher post-residency productivity was associated with multiple factors, with choice of an academic career, Heed fellowship, and residency productivity playing key roles.
Chordoma of the Clivus with Metastasis to Femur
Authors: Matmusaev Maruf , Nagatani Tetsuya , Kishida Yugo , Ansari Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Chordomas are aggressive and invasive tumors that are notoriously famous for their recurrence and metastasis. They present with diverse manifestations, usually with lower cranial nerve involvement. Here, we present the first reported case of chondroid chordoma with femur metastasis. A 71-year-old lady presented to us with a headache and diplopia. MRI of the brain revealed an enhanced broad and destructive mass in the infrasellar region with complete destruction of the clivus, right cavernous sinus. She underwent multiple surgeries along with gamma knife and proton therapy. The patient later presented with a trochanteric fracture and needed a hip replacement. Biopsy curettage of the femur lesion revealed a chondroid chordoma of the femur. The patient died later of a chest infection. Multimodality treatment is required in chordoma management, including surgery, gamma knife, and proton therapy. A firm discerning eye is required in the elderly toward metastatic spread to the femur in cases presenting with fractures of long bones.
Developing the VA Geriatric Scholars Programs' Clinical Dashboards Using the PDSA Framework for Quality Improvement
Authors: Burningham Zachary , Lagha Regina Richter , Duford-Hutchinson Brittany , Callaway-Lane Carol , Sauer Brian C. , Halwani Ahmad S. , Bell Jamie , Huynh Tina , Douglas Joseph R. , Kramer B. Josea
Published: October 2022

Background Involving clinician end users in the development process of clinical dashboards is important to ensure that user needs are adequately met prior to releasing the dashboard for use. The challenge with following this approach is that clinician end users can undergo periodic turnover, meaning, the clinicians that played a role in the initial development process may not be the same individuals that use the dashboard in future.

Objectives Here, we summarize our Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA)-guided clinical dashboard development process for the VA Geriatric Scholars Program (GSP) and the value of continuous, iterative development. We summarize dashboard adaptations that resulted from two PDSA cycles of improvement for the potentially inappropriate medication dashboard (PIMD), one of many Geriatric Scholars clinical dashboards. We also present the evaluative performance of the PIMD.

Methods Evaluation of the PIMD was performed using the system usability scale (SUS) and through review of user interaction logs. Routine end users that were Geriatric Scholars and had evidence of 5 or more dashboard views were invited to complete an electronic form that contained the 10-item SUS.

Results The proportion of Geriatric Scholars that utilized the PIMD increased for each iterative dashboard version that was produced as a byproduct from feedback (31.0% in 2017 to 60.2% in 2019). The overall usability of the PIMD among routine users was found to be above average (SUS score: 75.2 [95% CI 70.5–79.8]) in comparison to the recommended standard of acceptability (SUS score: 68)

Conclusion The solicitation of feedback during dashboard orientations led to iterative adaptations of the PIMD that broadened its intended use. The presented PDSA-guided process to clinical dashboard development for the VA GSP can serve as a valuable framework for development teams seeking to produce well-adopted and usable health information technology (IT) innovations.
Attention and counter-framing in the Black Lives Matter movement on Twitter
Authors: Klein Colin , Reimann Ritsaart , Quintana Ignacio Ojea , Cheong Marc , Ferreira Marinus , Alfano Mark
Published: October 2022

The social media platform Twitter platform has played a crucial role in the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. The immediate, flexible nature of tweets plays a crucial role both in spreading information about the movement’s aims and in organizing individual protests. Twitter has also played an important role in the right-wing reaction to BLM, providing a means to reframe and recontextualize activists’ claims in a more sinister light. The ability to bring about social change depends on the balance of these two forces, and in particular which side can capture and maintain sustained attention. The present study examines 2 years worth of tweets about BLM (about 118 million in total). Timeseries analysis reveals that activists are better at mobilizing rapid attention, whereas right-wing accounts show a pattern of moderate but more sustained activity driven by reaction to political opponents. Topic modeling reveals differences in how different political groups talk about BLM. Most notably, the murder of George Floyd appears to have solidified a right-wing counter-framing of protests as arising from dangerous “terrorist” actors. The study thus sheds light on the complex network and rhetorical effects that drive the struggle for online attention to the BLM movement.
Non-linear stimulated Raman back-scattering burst driven by a broadband laser
Authors: Liu Q. K. , Zhang E. H. , Zhang W. S. , Cai H. B. , Gao Y. Q. , Wang Q. , Zhu S. P.
Published: October 2022

A new evolution pattern for broadband laser excited stimulated Raman back-scattering (BSRS) in the kinetic regime is proposed by numerical simulations. It is found that the change of coherence of different frequency beamlets will cause the fluctuation of laser intensity, generating an ensemble of random intensity pulses and leading to an intermittent excitation of BSRS. The kinetic inflation and intense amplification of scattered light are observed due to the synergism between these pulses, which cause a burst of instantaneous reflectivity. The synergistic effect is highly bandwidth-dependent. Under the bandwidth similar to the existing broadband laser facilities, these bursts will generate over-expected scattered light and hot electrons. Fortunately, a large bandwidth laser can still inactivate the synergy mechanism and mitigate the scattering effectively. We formulated a theoretical model to predict the inactivate point, and the calculation Δω/ω0=2.57% is in good agreement with the numerical results.
Complementarity analysis of consequent-pole bearingless flux reversal motor windings with different pitch matchings
Authors: Yang YiFei , Liu Jie , Wang RenZhong , Wang HongBin
Published: October 2022

First, a topology of a consequent-pole bearingless flux reversal (CPBFR) motor suitable for flywheel battery magnetic suspension support systems is proposed, and the specific forms of different winding pitches are analyzed. Then, the phenomenon of winding complementarity, which is unique to certain permanent magnet bearingless motors, is explained theoretically. The magnetic density distribution characteristics of the no-load air gap of the consequent-pole permanent magnet rotor are given, and the influence of different winding pitches on the no-load induced potential as well as the influence of different winding pitches on no-load induced potential harmonics are revealed. Finally, the working feasibility of the CPBFR motor is verified from the perspective of magnetic field distribution and the magnetic line of force.
Implementation of an integrated respiratory palliative care service for patients with advanced lung disease
Authors: McDonald Julie , Marco David , Howard Rebecca , Fox Euan , Weil Jennifer
Published: October 2022

Objectives This study describes the model of care provided by an integrated respiratory and palliative care service for patients with advanced lung disease, and assesses the potential impact of the service on acute hospital utilisation and cost. Methods This study implemented an integrated specialist care service at a single tertiary teaching hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The service provided disease-orientated care, alongside symptom management and advance care planning, and comprised both outpatient clinic (OPC) and home visit (HV) capacity for those with barriers to accessing OPC. Acute hospital utilisation and hospital cost were analysed with a paired t-test 90 days before/after the first physician review. Results Between April 2017 and 2019, 51 patients received 59 HVs, whereas between July 2018 and 2020, 58 patients received 206 OPC reviews. Acute hospital admissions decreased by 51% in the HV cohort (P < 0.05) and by 46% in the OPC cohort (P = 0.01); total bed days of acute admissions decreased by 29% in the HV cohort (P = n.s.), and by 60% in the OPC cohort (P < 0.05); and specialist outpatient clinic attendances decreased in the OPC cohort by 55% (P < 0.01). There was a decrease in hospital cost for the HV cohort by 3% (cost savings of A$18 579), and in the OPC cohort by 23% (cost savings of A$109 149). Conclusions This model of care provided specialist respiratory management with seamless integration of palliative care, with the capacity for home visits. There was a decrease in acute hospital utilisation and overall cost savings observed in both HV and OPC cohorts.
Watering of wetlands on Indigenous Country in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Costanza-van den Belt Milo , Rao Rohit , Colloff Matthew J. , Pittock Jamie , Moggridge Bradley
Published: October 2022

Context Water managers in the Murray–Darling Basin increasingly recognise the cultural and environmental benefits generated by Indigenous co-management of environmental water. However, traditional knowledge and values are subsidiary to western technical and scientific perceptions when prioritising environmental water use. Aims and methods We mapped the locations and volumes of Commonwealth Environmental Water Office environmental watering events onto the wetlands within the land area represented by different state-determined Indigenous organisations and discuss how this relates to the varied nature and extent of Indigenous engagement in environmental watering decisions. Key results Between 2014–15 and 2018–19, one organisation had nearly 13% of the area of wetlands watered, but the average was less than 3%. In all, 18 of the 26 organisations received no environmental water. Conclusions The distribution of environmental flows does not meet the cultural needs of Indigenous nations due to physical restrictions and policy limitations. Yet, there are clear environmental and cultural co-benefits where Indigenous peoples have developed partnerships with environmental water managers. Developing stronger partnerships and increasing Indigenous water entitlements from the current 0.17% of issued entitlements would maximise these benefits in catchments where environmental water is prioritised. Implications The reviews of the Water Act and the Basin Plan scheduled for 2024–26 present opportunities to implement reforms.
Early Stage Animal Hoarders: Are These Owners of Large Numbers of Adequately Cared for Cats?
Authors: Ramos D. , da Cruz N.O. , Ellis S.L.H. , Hernandez J.A.E. , Reche-Junior A
Published: October 2022

Animal hoarding is a spectrum-based condition in which hoarders are often reported to have had normal and appropriate pet-keeping habits in childhood and early adulthood. Historically, research has focused largely on well-established clinical animal hoarders with little work targeted towards the onset and development of animal hoarding. This study investigated whether a Brazilian population of owners of what might typically be considered an excessive number (20 or more) of cats were more likely to share the commonly reported psychological and demographic profile of animal hoarders than owners of 1-2 cats drawn from the same population. Psychological traits measured were attachment to pets (Lexington Pet Attachment Scale, LAPS), anxiety and depression (Hospitalized Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), and hoarding behavior (Saving Inventory-Revised, SI-R). Owners of 20 or more cats were significantly older, scored significantly higher pet attachment scores, and displayed significant positive relationships between hoarding behavior and anxiety. Such a profile demonstrates greater similarities to clinical animal hoarders than to typical cat owners on these particular measures, although additional disparities with clinical animal hoarders exist in the areas of functioning, veterinary care and home organization. Taking this information together, the studied population may represent the understudied group of early stage animal hoarders. However, external factors such as culture and societal animal control policies should not be overlooked as alternative explanations for pet keeping at levels that might be considered excessive.
Children’s Preferences for Infantile Features in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Borgi Marta , Cirulli Francesca
Published: October 2022

A number of authors suggest that children exhibit a natural interest towards animals, and different intervention programs have shown the presence of an animal being able to increase children’s attentiveness and motivation levels. Nonetheless, few research efforts have been devoted to the identification of specific animal characteristics able to attract and engage children. It has been hypothesized that the presence of infantile features in the most common pets (and their appeal for humans) is involved in our motivational drive to pet-keeping and pet-caretaking. This study was aimed at assessing children’s preference for faces of pets with presence (or absence) of infant features and the generalization of this response to an inanimate object, a teddy bear. Children (n = 272) aged 3 to 6 years participated in the study and were tested on a forced-choice task, using paired photographic stimuli. Children’s preferences for different species (dogs and cats) and for animal over non–animal stimuli were also obtained and the effects of sex, age, and pet ownership analyzed. Overall, children showed a preference for more infantile cats, but no differences were found when they were asked to choose between dog faces. Moreover, children showed a preference for animal over non-animal stimuli and for dogs over cats. Factors such as sex, age, and familiarity with animals (i.e. ownership) were able to modulate their responses. Results and their implications for the child-animal bond are discussed.