bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic 3D print head for spatial strand extrusion of fiber-reinforced concrete: requirements, development and application
Authors: Adams Thomas , Heuer Christoph , Brell-Cokcan Sigrid
Published: March 2022

Additive manufacturing is gaining more significance in architecture and construction due to a shortage of skilled workers, resource scarcity and increasing design requirements. Over the past years, approaches for layer-wise and spatial extrusion of concrete were developed for automated, formwork free and complex concrete processing. The spatial concrete extrusion is possible due to an inert support suspension that stabilizes the strands during hydration. The process is capable for unlimited overhangs, increasing printing speed and ultra-lightweight concrete structures. Even though, for filigree and spatial framework structure, its application is highly impaired by the anisotropic strength and brittle concrete behavior requiring reinforcements. In following research, the use of fiber-reinforced concrete is investigated for spatial concrete extrusion. Compared to unreinforced concrete, fibers improve the tensile strength and ductility and can be obtained from recyclable sources. Since its structural effect is dependent on their orientation in the matrix, its processing requires a controlled extrusion and high flexibility of nozzle rotation. Therefore, a print head was developed that increases the rotation freedom of a nozzle without harming its robot reachability to improve additive manufacturing of fiber-reinforced concrete strands. This paper concludes investigations of fiber orientation in extruded strands depending on nozzle alignment, a concept and prototype of a dynamic 3D print head, which is capable of 3D rotations, and applications for filigree 3D structures, which demonstrate new possibilities for fiber-reinforced materials.
Probabilistic analysis of replicator–mutator equations
Authors: Bo Lijun , Liao Huafu
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses a general class of replicator–mutator equations on a multidimensional fitness space. We establish a novel probabilistic representation of weak solutions of the equation by using the theory of Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov (FPK) equations and a martingale extraction approach. We provide examples with closed-form probabilistic solutions for different fitness functions considered in the existing literature. We also construct a particle system and prove a general convergence result to the unique solution of the FPK equation associated with the extended replicator–mutator equation with respect to a Wasserstein-like metric adapted to our probabilistic framework.
THE COLLAPSE OF THE HILBERT PROGRAM: A VARIATION ON THE GÖDELIAN THEME
Authors: KRIPKE SAUL A.
Published: March 2022

The Hilbert program was actually a specific approach for proving consistency, a kind of constructive model theory. Quantifiers were supposed to be replaced by ε-terms. εxA(x) was supposed to denote a witness to$\exists xA(x)$, or something arbitrary if there is none. The Hilbertians claimed that in any proof in a number-theoretic systemS, each ε-term can be replaced by a numeral, making each line provable and true. This implies thatSmust not only be consistent, but also 1-consistent (${\Sigma}_1^0$-correct). Here we show that if the result is supposed to be provable withinS, a statement about all${\Pi}_2^0$statements that subsumes itself within its own scope must be provable, yielding a contradiction. The result resembles Gödel’s but arises naturally out of the Hilbert program itself.
Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Preventive Sequestration Strategy: Deployment of the Aircraft Carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76)
Authors: Mullinax Ross , Krug Allison , Harvey Kyle , Wilde Christopher , Nzegwu Uchenna , Wilcox Clifton , Rice Merrill , Lipsitz Robert
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a pre-deployment sequestration (PDS) protocol to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases on board the USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76).

Methods:

The USS Ronald Reagan includes a crew of approximately 3000 Sailors and an embarked Air Wing of 2000 personnel. The PDS was conducted in 3 waves of 14-day strict quarantines during the months of April and May 2020. Sailors were cleared to board the ship with 2 negative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) tests at days 14 and 16. The ship was sanitized before Wave 1 boarding.

Results:

From March 1, 2020, through May 31, 2020, a total of 51 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases were detected. During the 3 waves of PDS, 28 Sailors were found to be positive on exit testing (14, 11, and 3, respectively); no cases were found among the Air Wing. During the first 90 days at sea, no SARS-CoV-2 cases were detected among any of the embarked personnel.

Conclusions:

Although resource-intensive, the PDS protocol implemented for USS Ronald Reagan resulted in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-free ship during a global pandemic with unprecedented scope. Elements of this pandemic PDS protocol may be useful in other highly risk-averse environments with no tolerance for COVID-19 infections.
Mosque as a Vaccination Site for Ethnic Minority in Kanagawa, Japan: Leaving No One Behind Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kotani Hitomu , Okai Hirofumi , Tamura Mari
Published: March 2022

Ethnic minorities with different languages and religions are potentially vulnerable not only during natural hazard-related disasters, but also during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Their vaccination coverage may be lower, and vaccination strategies should prevent them from being left behind. This report presents the first case in Japan where a mosque, being the hub of foreign Muslims, was used as a vaccination site from the end of July 2021. The targeted mosque was Ebina Mosque in Kanagawa Prefecture, and most of the vaccine recipients were foreign Muslims. The mosque differed from other vaccination sites in that reservations could be made easily through the managers, and linguistic diversity (i.e., the mosque managers and mosque-related volunteers served as interpreters) and gender were considered. These efforts are likely to have removed some barriers to vaccination for ethnic minorities and contributed to “no one will be left behind.”
Shadow Rulemaking: Governing Regulatory Innovation in the EU Financial Markets
Authors: Marjosola Heikki
Published: March 2022

The number and diversity of the European Supervisory Authorities’ (ESAs) soft law acts continue to grow. The recent reform of the ESAs’ founding regulations added two new instruments to their toolbox, “questions & answers” (Q&A) and “no action letters,” both invented and already used by the ESAs in their supervisory practices. The reformed regulations continue to encourage the ESAs to pursue their tasks by developing new instruments and convergence tools. The article assesses the ESAs’ rulemaking and regulatory innovation from a broad governance perspective, asking what type of procedural controls and review mechanisms would best facilitate beneficial forms of regulatory innovation while also controlling its excesses. It is argued that the main shortcoming of the present regime is not the lack of adequate procedural controls so much as the incomplete system of legal remedies. Flexibility should be preserved, but more credible judicial controls are needed to check the ability of soft law to bypass legislative processes.
Feasibility of a school-based mental health program implementation to improve the status of depression and quality of life of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in urban Bangladesh: MENTHOL study
Authors: Naheed Aliya , Islam Md. Saimul , Brooks Meredith B. , Fawzi Mary C. Smith , Ashraf Mir Nabila , Ahmed Helal Uddin , Uddin M. M. Jalal , Koly Kamrun Nahar , Galea Jerome T. , Akhter Shaheen , Nelson Charles , Hossain Saima Wazed , Munir Kerim M.
Published: March 2022

Background

We assessed the feasibility of implementing psychological counseling services (PCS) for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) integrated within special education settings in urban Bangladesh.

Method

In two special education schools for ASD in Dhaka City, trained female psychologists screened mothers using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). PCS was administered to all the mothers irrespective of a diagnosis of depression. Mothers with a PHQ-9 score >4 who met criteria for a major depressive episode (MDE) based on the DSM-IV Structured Interview Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) were also administered skill-building training through monthly home visits to support ASD care. The level of depression was assessed by the Depression Measurement Scale (DMS), and quality of life (QoL) was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of EQ5D5L scale before and after PCS.

Result

Among 188 mothers enrolled in the study, 81 (43%) received PCS, and 27.1% (22) had MDE. In the first month, 73 sessions were scheduled and 60 completed (85%). In the last month, 53 sessions were scheduled and 52 completed (98%). The mean DMS score decreased from 79.5 ± 23 to 60 ± 20 (p = 0.004), and DMS scores were significantly higher among mothers with MDE (97.8 ± 12.1 v. 69.9 ± 22.1; p < 0.001) compared to those without MDE (72.7 ± 22.6 v. 56.1 ± 18.1; p = 0.003). The mean VAS score improved from 70.3 ± 14.1 to 80.2 ± 13.3 (p = 0.001) between the first and the last session. Changes in DMS were negatively correlated with changes in VAS scores (β: −0.213, 95% CI 0.370 to −0.056).

Conclusion

Within special education schools for ASD in urban Bangladesh, it was feasible to administer an integrated program of PCS for mothers of children with ASD by trained psychologists who were able to screen and intervene to reduce their level of depression and improve their quality of life.
Advancing and translating knowledge: a systematic inquiry into the 2010–2020 mental health and psychosocial support intervention research evidence base
Authors: Nemiro Ashley , Jones Theresa , Tulloch Olivia , Snider Leslie
Published: March 2022

Background and study objectives

MHPSS is increasingly seen as a critical component to effective and responsible humanitarian programming. This review examines the extent to which MHPSS research generated since 2010 has contributed to the public health evidence base and how this has influenced and impacted programming and policy in humanitarian settings.

Methods

This mixed-method study included a scoping literature review (n= 50) and a consultation process with qualitative key informant interviews (n= 19) and online survey responses (n= 52) to identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors for the two areas of inquiry and to understand the broader context in which knowledge is generated and taken up. The interviews were thematically analysed and the survey responses were descriptively analysed.

Results

The review identified a rapidly growing evidence base that has evaluated a range of MHPSS interventions. However, few studies examined long-term impacts of interventions, there was limited direct evidence on outcomes for children and adolescents and whole family approaches, and there were minimal replications of the same approach that could test efficacy across settings and population groups. A general shift was identified in the consultation process away from a focus on disorder towards the more positive aspects of wellbeing. However, there remained a mismatch in many studies included in the literature review, whereby the interventions were broad, community-based but the outcome measures used still focused on changes in symptoms of mental disorders.

Conclusion

The evidence base for MHPSS has grown significantly over the last 10 years. However, several knowledge gaps remain, as does the divide between research and practice. Moving forward, MHPSS intervention research needs to be more responsive to the needs on the ground.
Sedigheh Vasmaghi: A new voice of Iranian religious reformism
Authors: Akbar Ali
Published: March 2022

This article explores the ideas of Iranian reformist scholar Sedigheh Vasmaghi and her contribution to religious reformist thought in Iran. As this article demonstrates, a significant aspect of Vasmaghi's work concerns how she understands the extent to which the legal aspects of the Qurʾān and the associated rulings found infiqhliterature are relevant to the conditions of the modern world. This article investigates Vasmaghi's ideas about the Qurʾān and her contextualist approach to interpretation, arguing that her views on Islam's socio-legal rulings are rooted in her approach to the Qurʾān. As the article will demonstrate, Vasmaghi's ideas add to the work of other prominent Iranian reformist scholars such as Abdolkarim Soroush, Muhammad Mujtahed Shabestari, Mohsen Kadivar and Hassan Yousefi Eshkevari, but her approach is also subject to criticism, in particular her manner of differentiating between the mutable and immutable aspects of religion.
The onset of zonal modes in two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Winchester Philip , Howell Peter D. , Dallas Vassilios
Published: March 2022

We study the stability of steady convection rolls in two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection with free-slip boundaries and horizontal periodicity over 12 orders of magnitude in the Prandtl number

$(10^{-6} \leq Pr \leq 10^6)$

and 6 orders of magnitude in the Rayleigh number

$(8{\rm \pi} ^4 < Ra \leq 10^8)$

. The analysis is facilitated by partitioning our modal expansion into so-called even and odd modes. With aspect ratio

$\varGamma = 2$

, we observe that zonal modes (with horizontal wavenumber equal to zero) can emerge only once the steady convection roll state consisting of even modes only becomes unstable to odd perturbations. We determine the stability boundary in the

$(Pr,Ra)$

plane and observe remarkably intricate features corresponding to qualitative changes in the solution, as well as three regions where the steady convection rolls lose and subsequently regain stability as the Rayleigh number is increased. We study the asymptotic limit

$Pr \to 0$

and find that the steady convection rolls become unstable almost instantaneously, eventually leading to nonlinear relaxation osculations and bursts, which we can explain with a weakly nonlinear analysis. In the complementary large-

$Pr$

limit, we observe that the zonal modes at the instability switch off abruptly at a large, but finite, Prandtl number.
Ambipolar electrostatic field in dusty plasma
Authors: Hadid L.Z. , Shebanits O. , Wahlund J.-E. , Morooka M.W. , Nagy A.F. , Farrell W.M. , Holmberg M.K.G. , Modolo R. , Persoon A.M. , Tseng W.L. , Ye S.-Y.
Published: March 2022

We study the effect of negatively charged dust on the magnetic-field-aligned polarisation electrostatic field ($\boldsymbol {E}_{\parallel }$) using Cassini's RPWS/LPin situmeasurements during the ‘ring-grazing’ orbits. We derive a general expression for$\boldsymbol {E}_{\parallel }$and estimate for the first timein situ$\lVert \boldsymbol {E}_{\parallel } \rVert$(approximately$10^{-5} \, \text {V}\, \text {m}^{-1}$) near the Janus and Epimetheus rings. We further demonstrate that the presence of the negatively charged dust close to the ring plane ($\vert \text {Z} \vert \lesssim 0.11 \, \text {R}_{s}$) amplifies$\lVert \boldsymbol {E}_{\parallel } \rVert$by at least one order of magnitude and reverses its direction due to the effect of the charged dust gravitational and inertial forces. Such reversal confines the electrons at the magnetic equator within the dusty region, around$0.047 \, \text {R}_{s}$above the ring plane. Furthermore, we discuss the role of the collision terms, in particular the ion–dust drag force, in amplifying$\boldsymbol {E}_{\parallel }$. These results imply that the charged dust, as small as nanometres in size, can have a significant influence on the plasma transport, in particular ambipolar diffusion along the magnetic field lines, and so their presence must be taken into account when studying such dynamical processes.
Is the neuroscientist's grandmother in the notebook? Integrated information and reference frames in the search for consciousness
Authors: Riva Giuseppe
Published: March 2022

This commentary suggests that the physical substrate of integrated information is dependent on the reference frame used to observe it. Furthermore, it uses a thought experiment – can a neuroscientist, locked in a closed room and connected through Zoom with his grandmother to demonstrate that the consciousness of his grannie is NOT in the PC? – to underline the problems that neglecting reference frames may cause to consciousness research.
Measures of differentiation and integration: One step closer to consciousness
Authors: Massimini Marcello , Sarasso Simone , Casarotto Silvia , Rosanova Mario
Published: March 2022

Interpreting empirical measures of integration and differentiation as indices of cortical performance and memory consolidation during wakefulness rather than consciousness per se is inconsistent with the literature. Recent studies show that these theory-inspired measures can dissociate from such processes and reliably index the brain's capacity for experience. We consider this as a positive trend in consciousness research.
“It's All for the Child”: The Discontents of Middle-class Chinese Parenting and Migration to Europe
Authors: Beck Fanni , Nyíri Pál
Published: March 2022

Middle-class parents in China are increasingly torn between the need to secure their child's future in an environment where competition starts in kindergarten and parenting ideologies focusing on the child's individuality, creativity and freedom. Our study, based on ethnographic fieldwork among middle-class Chinese migrants in Budapest, shows that one result of this tension is a new wave of emigration that is justified in terms of securing a relaxed, healthy and free environment for the child. These migrants consciously reject what they see as a materialistic and dehumanizing social environment in China and pursue a “European” lifestyle that they imagine as wholesome and human-centred; yet while they rejoice in the “happiness” of their children, they retain a deep-seated anxiety about their children's future. Thus, the search for a mentally and physically wholesome environment consonant with China's discourse of national revitalization becomes decoupled from its original agenda and triggers a new trend in international mobility. This study illustrates how the broader tensions in the relationship between China's middle class and the state are externalized to the global stage.
TopoTEM: A Python Package for Quantifying and Visualizing Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Data of Polar Topologies
Authors: O'Connell Eoghan N , Moore Kalani , McFall Elora , Hennessy Michael , Moynihan Eoin , Bangert Ursel , Conroy Michele
Published: March 2022

The exotic internal structure of polar topologies in multiferroic materials offers a rich landscape for materials science research. As the spatial scale of these entities is often subatomic in nature, aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the ideal characterization technique. Software to quantify and visualize the slight shifts in atomic placement within unit cells is of paramount importance due to the now routine acquisition of images at such resolution. In the previous ~decade since the commercialization of aberration-corrected TEM, many research groups have written their own code to visualize these polar entities. More recently, open-access Python packages have been developed for the purpose of TEM atomic position quantification. Building on these packages, we introduce the TEMUL Toolkit: a Python package for analysis and visualization of atomic resolution images. Here, we focus specifically on the TopoTEM module of the toolkit where we show an easy to follow, streamlined version of calculating the atomic displacements relative to the surrounding lattice and thus plotting polarization. We hope this toolkit will benefit the rapidly expanding field of topology-based nano-electronic and quantum materials research, and we invite the electron microscopy community to contribute to this open-access project.
Transformation of Mitochondrial Architecture and Dynamics in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) During Hibernation
Authors: Huang Yufei , Chu Xiaoya , Zhang Yafei , Yang Sheng , Shi Yonghong , Chen Qiusheng
Published: March 2022

Hibernation is a biological status during which hibernating animals acclimatize themselves to reduced energy consumption through extreme but governed decline in self-metabolism. The role of mitochondria (Mt) in metabolic suppression during hibernation has already been elaborated in different organs and species. Nonetheless, the concretely changing process of mitochondrial architecture and the mechanism underlying this transformation during hibernation remains unclear. Herein, the present study was aimed at clarifying the detailed alteration of mitochondrial morphology and its potential role in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) during different stages of hibernation. Compared with the nonhibernation period, the mitochondrial architecture was changing from round to crescent, and lipid droplet (LD)/Mt interaction was enhanced during hibernation, as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further ultrastructural analysis uncovered that mitochondrial fusion was promptly accelerated in the early stage of hibernation, followed by mitochondrial fission in the middle stage, and mitophagy was boosted in the late stage. Moreover, gene and protein expression related to mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitophagy accorded closely with the mitochondrial ultrastructural changes in different stages of hibernation. Taken together, our results clarified that the transformation of mitochondrial architecture and mitochondrial dynamics are of vital importance in maintaining internal environment homeostasis of Pelodiscus sinensis.
Diagnostik von Traumafolgestörungen
Authors: Gysi Jan
Published: March 2022

Mit dem „Trauma-Dissoziations-Achsenmodell“ durch diagnostische Ansätze navigieren und nichts übersehen! Zu Diagnostik und Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen wurden in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten enorme Fortschritte erzielt. Zugleich hat die Forschung zu den verschiedenen Formen von Traumafolgestörungen unser Wissen zu Trauma und Dissoziation deutlich verbessert. Als Folge davon wurden in der ICD-11 wesentliche Veränderungen eingeführt. Angesichts der Fülle an neuen Erkenntnissen in der Psychotraumatologie kann die Übersicht über die verschiedenen posttraumatischen Symptome und Störungen jedoch herausfordernd sein. Dieses Werk unterstützt mit brillant strukturierten farbigen Übersichten und zahlreichen Querverweisen sowohl unerfahrene als auch erfahrene Diagnostiker, die Vielfalt der zu bedenkenden oder auszuschließenden Diagnoseoptionen zu überblicken und nichts zu übersehen. Nach einer Einführung in das „Trauma-Dissoziations-Achsenmodell“ werden fünf Achsen als systematisierte Diagnostik von Traumafolgestörungen anhand von Fallbeispielen, Differentialdiagnosen, Empfehlungen, Entscheidungspfaden und Fragebögen basierend auf ICD-11 -dargestellt: •Achse I: Persönlichkeitsstörungen (u.a. mit Borderline-Muster) •Achse II: Spezifisch belastungsbezogene Störungen (u.a. mit PTBS, kPTBS und Trauerstörung) •Achse III: Strukturelle Dissoziation der Persönlichkeit (Dissoziative und partielle dissoziative Identitätsstörung) •Achse IV: Dissoziative Symptome (u.a. mit den dissoziativ-neurologischen Symptomstörungen, der dissoziativen Amnesie und der Depersonalisations-Derealisations-Störung) •Achse V: Komorbide Störungen (z.B. Depression, Sucht, Essstörungen) Viele zusätzliche praxisnahe Hinweise ermöglichen die richtige Diagnose und geben wichtige Hinweise für die Therapie: Droht intrafamiliäre oder externe Gewalt? Ist die existenzielle Sicherheit während der Therapie gewährleistet? Laufen juristische Verfahren im Hintergrund? Alle im Buch vorgestellten Fragen finden sich auf einen Blick als hilfreiches Kompendium am Ende des Buches. Als spezielles Plus: In einem separaten Kapitel werden die besonderen diagnostischen Aspekte auch für Berichte an Strafverfolgungsbehörden dargestellt. „Hier wird ein integrierender Zugang zum großen, wichtigen und immer noch faszinierenden Gebiet der Traumafolgestörungen vorgelegt, der bisher unverbundene Bestandteile klinischen Wissens zusammenbringt - so wie ich es noch aus keinem der international publizierten Fachbücher zu diesem Themenkreis kenne.“ Auszug aus dem Geleitwort von Prof. Dr. Dr. Andreas Maercker, Psychologisches Institut, Universität Zürich
Mapping Water, Energy and Carbon Footprints Along Urban Agglomeration Supply Chains
Authors: Ding Yakui , Li Yongping , Zheng Heran , Ma Yuan , Huang Guohe , Li Yanfeng , Shen Zhenyao
Published: March 2022

China's urban population will increase by 268 million from 2010 to 2030, with the consumption of a large number of resource‐intensive products. Quantitative analysis of the environmental impacts (water, energy and carbon) of urban agglomerations can make trade‐offs among water conservation, energy use, climate change mitigation, and urban development. In this study, a multi‐layer water‐energy‐carbon production path analysis (MWPPA) model is developed for identifying the key final demands, sectors and supply chain paths of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PUA). Results show that, water, energy and carbon‐emission intensities respectively reduced by 27.3%, 35.6% and 27.6% in 2015, compared to the levels in 2012. More than half of the water‐energy‐carbon (WEC) footprints are export‐driven, where Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Foshan dominate the WEC footprints of PUA. Results also disclose that Shenzhen is the main recipient of water‐energy, while Jiangmen and Huizhou are the main providers of water and energy, respectively. Policy makers are suggested that each industry actively integrate into global value chains in order to leverage its comparative advantage, and Huizhou should take full advantage of its fossil base to form a complete industry chain from the R&D end to the production end around the energy industry.
Anomaly Based Synoptic Analysis and Model Prediction of Six Dust Storms Moving From Mongolia to Northern China in Spring 2021
Authors: Qian Weihong , Leung Jeremy Cheuk‐Hin , Ren Jingjing , Du Jun , Feng Yerong , Zhang Banglin
Published: March 2022

Six dust storms that originated from Mongolia and moved to northern China in Spring 2021 are investigated by the anomaly variable‐based analysis method, which is compared to the traditional total‐variable based analysis method. Strong surface wind is a force to form dust storms as commonly known in current practice. However, dust area depicted by total‐wind model product analysis and operational forecast has a large bias to observation even for leading 24 hr. The analysis method of anomaly based variables showed that the domain of an airborne dust storm observed from satellite images is usually located between two neighboring convergence lines of 850 hPa anomalous winds. This connection of dust storm associated with the anomalous wind convergence extends southwestward from an anomalous cyclone and moves from Mongolia to northern China or Northeast China. It is thermodynamically associated with an anomalous thermal contrast, which has a spatial structure of wind, temperature, and geopotential height anomalies in the troposphere. We further found that numerical weather prediction products of the ECMWF model are able to indicate the anomalous wind pattern with lead times of 4–8 days by applying the anomaly based analysis approach. Therefore, this approach can not only depict dust area better but also reveal predictors much easier compared to the traditional total‐variable or full‐field‐based analysis method.
Permafrost Thermal Dynamics and Cryostratigraphy at Villum Research Station, Station Nord, Eastern North Greenland (81°N)
Authors: Strand S. M. , Christiansen H. H. , Gilbert G. L.
Published: March 2022

We provide the northernmost permafrost thermal analysis in Greenland through the ground temperature time series (2014–2021) and cryostratigraphy of two 20‐m deep boreholes (SN1 and SN2) at Villum Research Station, Station Nord (81°N). Three sedimentary units are identified in the stratigraphy: glacial, glaciomarine, and beach deposits. These sandy and gravelly deposits are interpreted to comprise a deglaciation and isostatic emergence sequence. Ice‐poor epigenetic permafrost grew downwards into the deposits following subaerial exposure. Relatively high salinity values (up to 70 ppt) are observed in the glaciomarine unit, resulting in freezing point depressions between 0 and −4°C. The Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø study area has a polar tundra climate and is unique compared to other high Arctic areas because of a thick (>1 m), long‐lasting snow cover. This snow cover results in relatively high permafrost temperatures for the climate and latitude and the warmest known permafrost north of 80°N. Over the seven‐year study period, average 20 m permafrost temperature was −7.87°C at SN1 and −7.06°C at SN2. The warming rate at 20 m depth was 0.07°C/year at SN1 and 0.05°C/year at SN2, rates which are similar to those of other high Arctic sites. Active layer thickness, extrapolated from the temperature measurements, varied between 0.5 and 1.16 m. The interplay between snow dynamics and seasonal air temperature controls ground thermal regime in the study area. Air temperatures during autumn and midwinter, the fastest warming seasons, influence the ground thermal regime through the gradually developing, dense snowpack.
Pharmaceuticals Found in Rivers on All Continents
Authors: Wilkerson Jordan
Published: March 2022

A quarter of 258 observed rivers had unsafe levels of at least one drug. The findings raise concerns about Earth’s aquatic life and the global threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Inhibition of lung microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptides ameliorates acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: D’Alessandro-Gabazza Corina N. , Yasuma Taro , Kobayashi Tetsu , Toda Masaaki , Abdel-Hamid Ahmed M. , Fujimoto Hajime , Hataji Osamu , Nakahara Hiroki , Takeshita Atsuro , Nishihama Kota , Okano Tomohito , Saiki Haruko , Okano Yuko , Tomaru Atsushi , Fridman D’Alessandro Valeria , Shiraishi Miyako , Mizoguchi Akira , Ono Ryoichi , Ohtsuka Junpei , Fukumura Masayuki , Nosaka Tetsuya , Mi Xuenan , Shukla Diwakar , Kataoka Kensuke , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Hirose Masaki , Arai Toru , Inoue Yoshikazu , Yano Yutaka , Mackie Roderick I. , Cann Isaac , Gabazza Esteban C.
Published: March 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an incurable disease of unknown etiology. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with high mortality. Excessive apoptosis of lung epithelial cells occurs in pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbation. We recently identified corisin, a proapoptotic peptide that triggers acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we provide insights into the mechanism underlying the processing and release of corisin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an anticorisin monoclonal antibody ameliorates lung fibrosis by significantly inhibiting acute exacerbation in the human transforming growth factorβ1 model and acute lung injury in the bleomycin model. By investigating the impact of the anticorisin monoclonal antibody in a general model of acute lung injury, we further unravel the potential of corisin to impact such diseases. These results underscore the role of corisin in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis and acute lung injury and provide a novel approach to treating this incurable disease.
Free electrons can induce entanglement between photons
Authors: Baranes Gefen , Ruimy Ron , Gorlach Alexey , Kaminer Ido
Published: March 2022

Entanglement of photons is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which stands at the core of quantum technologies such as photonic quantum computing, communication, and sensing. An ongoing challenge in all these is finding an efficient and controllable mechanism to entangle photons. Recent experimental developments in electron microscopy enable to control the quantum interaction between free electrons and light. Here, we show that free electrons can create entanglement and bunching of light. Free electrons can control the second-order coherence of initially independent photonic states, even in spatially separated cavities that cannot directly interact. Free electrons thus provide a type of optical nonlinearity that acts in a nonlocal manner, offering a way of heralding the creation of entanglement. Intriguingly, pre-shaping the electron’s wavefunction provides the knob for tuning the photonic quantum correlations. The concept can be generalized to entangle not only photons but also photonic quasiparticles such as plasmon-polaritons and phonons.
Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy data of mitochondria and lysosomes in cardiomyoblasts under normal and galactose-adapted conditions
Authors: Opstad Ida S. , Godtliebsen Gustav , Ströhl Florian , Myrmel Truls , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh , Agarwal Krishna , Birgisdottir Åsa Birna
Published: March 2022

This three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3DSIM) dataset was generated to highlight the suitability of 3DSIM to investigate mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs) in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts in living or fixed cells. MDVs act as a mitochondria quality control mechanism. The cells were stably expressing the tandem-tag eGFP-mCherry-OMP25-TM (outer mitochondrial membrane) which can be used as a sensor for acidity. A part of the dataset is showing correlative imaging of lysosomes labeled using LysoTracker in fixed and living cells. The cells were cultivated in either normal or glucose-deprived medium containing galactose. The resulting 3DSIM data were of high quality and can be used to undertake a variety of studies. Interestingly, many dynamic tubules derived from mitochondria are visible in the 3DSIM videos under both glucose and galactose-adapted growth conditions. As the raw 3DSIM data, optical parameters, and reconstructed 3DSIM images are provided, the data is especially suitable for use in the development of SIM reconstruction algorithms, bioimage analysis methods, and for biological studies of mitochondria.
Variations in microanatomy of the human modiolus require individualized cochlear implantation
Authors: Pietsch Markus , Schurzig Daniel , Salcher Rolf , Warnecke Athanasia , Erfurt Peter , Lenarz Thomas , Kral Andrej
Published: March 2022

Cochlear variability is of key importance for the clinical use of cochlear implants, the most successful neuroprosthetic device that is surgically placed into the cochlear scala tympani. Despite extensive literature on human cochlear variability, few information is available on the variability of the modiolar wall. In the present study, we analyzed 108 corrosion casts, 95 clinical cone beam computer tomographies (CTs) and 15 µCTs of human cochleae and observed modiolar variability of similar and larger extent than the lateral wall variability. Lateral wall measures correlated with modiolar wall measures significantly. ~ 49% of the variability had a common cause. Based on these data we developed a model of the modiolar wall variations and related the model to the design of cochlear implants aimed for perimodiolar locations. The data demonstrate that both the insertion limits relevant for lateral wall damage (approximate range of 4–9 mm) as well as the dimensions required for optimal perimodiolar placement of the electrode (the point of release from the straightener; approximate range of 2–5mm) are highly interindividually variable. The data demonstrate that tip fold-overs of preformed implants likely result from the morphology of the modiolus (with radius changing from base to apex), and that optimal cochlear implantation of perimodiolar arrays cannot be guaranteed without an individualized surgical technique.
Characterizing the performance of human leg external force control
Authors: Kudzia Pawel , Robinovich Stephen N. , Donelan J. Maxwell
Published: March 2022

Our legs act as our primary contact with the surrounding environment, generating external forces that enable agile motion. To be agile, the nervous system has to control both the magnitude of the force that the feet apply to the ground and the point of application of this force. The purpose of this study was to characterize the performance of the healthy human neuromechanical system in controlling the force-magnitude and position of an externally applied force. To accomplish this, we built an apparatus that immobilized participants but allowed them to exert variable but controlled external forces with a single leg onto a ground embedded force plate. We provided real-time visual feedback of either the leg force-magnitude or force-position that participants were exerting against the force platform and instructed participants to best match their real-time signal to prescribed target step functions. We tested target step functions of a range of sizes and quantified the responsiveness and accuracy of the control. For the control of force-magnitude and for intermediate step sizes of 0.45 bodyweights, we found a bandwidth of 1.8 ± 0.5 Hz, a steady-state error of 2.6 ± 0.9%, and a steady-state variability of 2.7 ± 0.9%. We found similar control performance in terms of responsiveness and accuracy across step sizes and between force-magnitude and position control. Increases in responsiveness correlated with reductions in other measures of control performance, such as a greater magnitude of overshooting. We modelled the observed control performance and found that a second-order model was a good predictor of external leg force control. We discuss how benchmarking force control performance in young healthy humans aids in understanding differences in agility between humans, between humans and other animals, and between humans and engineered systems.
A novel kernel based approach to arbitrary length symbolic data with application to type 2 diabetes risk
Authors: Nwegbu Nnanyelugo , Tirunagari Santosh , Windridge David
Published: March 2022

Predictive modeling of clinical data is fraught with challenges arising from the manner in which events are recorded. Patients typically fall ill at irregular intervals and experience dissimilar intervention trajectories. This results in irregularly sampled and uneven length data which poses a problem for standard multivariate tools. The alternative of feature extraction into equal-length vectors via methods like Bag-of-Words (BoW) potentially discards useful information. We propose an approach based on a kernel framework in which data is maintained in its native form: discrete sequences of symbols. Kernel functions derived from the edit distance between pairs of sequences may then be utilized in conjunction with support vector machines to classify the data. Our method is evaluated in the context of the prediction task of determining patients likely to develop type 2 diabetes following an earlier episode of elevated blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg. Kernels combined via multi kernel learning achieved an F1-score of 0.96, outperforming classification with SVM 0.63, logistic regression 0.63, Long Short Term Memory 0.61 and Multi-Layer Perceptron 0.54 applied to a BoW representation of the data. We achieved an F1-score of 0.97 on MKL on external dataset. The proposed approach is consequently able to overcome limitations associated with feature-based classification in the context of clinical data.
Effects of melatonin and metformin in preventing lysosome-induced autophagy and oxidative stress in rat models of carcinogenesis and the impact of high-fat diet
Authors: Kurhaluk Natalia , Tkachenko Halyna
Published: March 2022

Imbalanced glucose tolerance and insulin resistance remain important as high cancer risk factors. Metformin administration to diabetic patients may be associated with a reduced risk of malignancy. The combined effects of the hormone melatonin and metformin in oncology practice have shown positive results. The relevance of our study is to find out the role of specific biomarkers of lysosome destruction and oxidative stress data in carcinogenesis models. The present study was designed to investigate the comparative synergic effect of peroral antidiabetic metformin (MF) and pineal hormone melatonin (MEL) administered alone and in combination in two different rat’s models of mammary tumour proliferation in vivo (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, NMU or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, DMBA). We have studied the processes of lysosomal destruction (alanyl aminopeptidase AAP, leucyl aminopeptidase LAP, acid phosphatase AcP, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase NAG, β-galactosidase β-GD and β-glucuronidase β-GR) caused by evaluated oxidative stress in three types of tissues (liver, heart, and spleen) in female Sprague–Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet (10% of total fat: 2.5% from lard and 7.5% from palm olein). Our results revealed an increase in the activity of the studied lysosomal enzymes and their expression in a tissue-specific manner depending on the type of chemical agent (NMU or DMBA). MANOVA tests in our study confirmed the influence of the three main factors, type of tissue, chemical impact, and chemopreventive agents, and the combinations of these factors on the lysosomal activity induced during the process of cancerogenesis. The development and induction of the carcinogenesis process in the different rat models with the high-fat diet impact were also accompanied by initiation of free-radical oxidation processes, which we studied at the initial (estimated by the level of diene conjugates) and final (TBARS products) stages of this process. The combined effects of MEL and MF for the two models of carcinogenesis at high-fat diet impact for AAP, LAP, and AcP showed a significant synergistic effect when they impact together when compared with the effects of one substance alone (either MEL or MF) in the breast cancer model experiments. Synergistic effects of limiting destructive processes of lysosomal functioning β-GD enzyme activity we obtained in experiments with MEL and MF chemoprevention for both models of carcinogenesis for three tissues. The statistical SS test allowed us to draw the following conclusions on the role of each lysosomal parameter analyzed as an integral model: NAG > AcP > β-GD > β-GR > AAP > LAP.
Potential risk assessment for safe driving of autonomous vehicles under occluded vision
Authors: Wang Denggui , Fu Weiping , Song Qingyuan , Zhou Jincao
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to explore how autonomous vehicles can predict potential risks and efficiently pass through the dangerous interaction areas in the face of occluded scenes or limited visual scope. First, a Dynamic Bayesian Network based model for real-time assessment of potential risks is proposed, which enables autonomous vehicles to observe the surrounding risk factors, and infer and quantify the potential risks at the visually occluded areas. The risk distance coefficient is established to integrate the perception interaction ability of traffic participants into the model. Second, the predicted potential risk is applied to vehicle motion planning. The vehicle movement is improved by adjusting the speed and heading angle control. Finally, a dynamic simulation platform is built to verify the proposed model in two specific scenarios of view occlusion. The model has been compared with the existing methods, the autonomous vehicles can accurately assess the potential danger of the occluded areas in real-time and can safely, comfortably, and effectively pass through the dangerous interaction areas.
Renalase and its receptor, PMCA4b, are expressed in the placenta throughout the human gestation
Authors: Wang Melinda , Silva Tatiana , Toothaker Jessica M. , McCourt Blake T. , Shugrue Christine , Desir Gary , Gorelick Fred , Konnikova Liza
Published: March 2022

Placental function requires organized growth, transmission of nutrients, and an anti-inflammatory milieu between the maternal and fetal interface, but placental factors important for its function remain unclear. Renalase is a pro-survival, anti-inflammatory flavoprotein found to be critical in other tissues. We examined the potential role of renalase in placental development. PCR, bulk RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence for renalase and its binding partners, PMCA4b and PZP, were performed on human placental tissue from second-trimester and full-term placentas separated into decidua, placental villi and chorionic plates. Quantification of immunohistochemistry was used to localize renalase across time course from 17 weeks to term. Endogenous production of renalase was examined in placental tissue and organoids. Renalase and its receptor PMCA4b transcripts and proteins were present in all layers of the placenta. Estimated RNLS protein levels did not change with gestation in the decidual samples. However, placental villi contained more renalase immunoreactive cells in fetal than full-term placental samples. RNLS co-labeled with markers for Hofbauer cells and trophoblasts within the placental villi. Endogenous production of RNLS, PMCA4b, and PZP by trophoblasts was validated in placental organoids. Renalase is endogenously expressed throughout placental tissue and specifically within Hofbauer cells and trophoblasts, suggesting a potential role for renalase in placental development and function. Future studies should assess renalase’s role in normal and diseased human placenta.
Estimating the density of deep eutectic solvents applying supervised machine learning techniques
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Mohammadjavad , Khosravi Marzieh , Hajipour Khire Masjidi Behnam , Samimi Behbahan Amin , Bagherzadeh Ali , Shahkar Amir , Tat Shahdost Farzad
Published: March 2022

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are recently synthesized to cover limitations of conventional solvents. These green solvents have wide ranges of potential usages in real-life applications. Precise measuring or accurate estimating thermophysical properties of DESs is a prerequisite for their successful applications. Density is likely the most crucial affecting characteristic on the solvation ability of DESs. This study utilizes seven machine learning techniques to estimate the density of 149 deep eutectic solvents. The density is anticipated as a function of temperature, critical pressure and temperature, and acentric factor. The LSSVR (least-squares support vector regression) presents the highest accuracy among 1530 constructed intelligent estimators. The LSSVR predicts 1239 densities with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.26% and R2 = 0.99798. Comparing the LSSVR and four empirical correlations revealed that the earlier possesses the highest accuracy level. The prediction accuracy of the LSSVR (i.e., MAPE = 0. 26%) is 74.5% better than the best-obtained results by the empirical correlations (i.e., MAPE = 1.02%).
Demonstration of multiple quantum interference and Fano resonance realization in far-field from plasmonic nanostructure in Er3+-doped tellurite glass
Authors: Lozano C. G. , Silva O. B. , Ferri F. A. , Rivera V. A. G. , Marega E.
Published: March 2022

It is crucial to control the tuning and improve the emission of a quantum emitter at the nanoscale. We report multiple Fano resonances in metallic nanostructures on an Er3+-doped tellurite glass. Periodic nanoslits were fabricated with a focused gallium ion beam on a gold thin film deposited on the tellurite glass. Is proposed a coupling function with Fano line-shape form, and the asymmetric parameter q for each resonance wavelength in the 515 to 535 nm region was calculated. This asymmetric resonance effect is a consequence of the quantum interaction between the continuum state, generated in the nanostructure, and the Stark splits of the $$^2$$

2

H$$_{11/2}$$

11
/
2

state.