bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Foam Coating Approach to Produce Abrasive Structures on Textiles
Authors: Kenttä Eija , Kumar Vinay , Andersson Petter , Forsström Ulla
Published: September 2021

Abrasive materials are classified as paper, nonwoven, or plastic-based multilayer structures, which are used for different kinds of surface finishing. Currently, the production of abrasive structures on textiles is carried out by spraying a slurry of binder and abrasive particles, e.g., Al2O3or SiC, with subsequent drying and curing of the binder. The drawback of this production method is the poor runnability of the spraying process. Even small variations in the process parameters may lead to an uneven coating. Therefore, a novel coating approach was developed to produce abrasive structures with foam coating on textile substrates. The foam coating method, which is commonly used in the textile industry, has the potential to produce an even coating layer. The runnability and reliability of the foam coating process are good even with high solids. From a workplace safety perspective, another advantage of foam coating is that there are no airborne particles during the coating process. A polyamide woven cloth was foam coated with an aqueous slurry containing abrasive grains (SiC), a water-based UV-curable acrylate binder, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to adjust the slurry rheology. Stable abrasive-binder foams were generated from the slurries even at high solids of 50% using an anionic foaming agent. The cloth was foam coated and dried, and the resin was cured with a LED-UV lamp on a pilot scale. It was observed that without the addition of CNC the foam did not stay on the surface of the cloth after coating. CNC acts as a rheology modifier and co-binder, which prevent the foam from penetrating deeper into the pores of the cloth. CNC also acted as a dispersing agent: the slurry was effectively stabilized by the CNC to prevent sedimentation of the abrasive grains. An organic solvent-free composition was introduced by combining CNC with a water-based UV-resin.
Planning for Sustainable Developmentof Tourism in the Tatra National Park Buffer Zone Using the MCDA Approach
Authors: Adamczyk Joanna , Wałdykowski Piotr
Published: September 2021

This study aims to develop practice guidelines for the preparation of local regulations promoting sustainable tourism planning for the area located at the entrance to the Tatra National Park, Poland. Included in the study was a set of tourism activities put forward by the local community. These activities were divided into two priorities: sustainable tourist activities (hiking and walking, cycling, horseback riding) and investments that would have an environmental impact (downhill skiing, recreational infrastructure, commerce, catering). The analysis criteria covered the tourist attractiveness of the area and its suitability for a given activity (benefit), as well as requirements concerning the protection of nature, topographical relief, landscape, and traditional land use (cost). These criteria were evaluated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and summarized using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC). The results showed the high attractiveness of the area for both priorities. However, due to the area's unique nature, investments having an environmental impact must be limited to the vicinity of the existing built-up areas. The use of MCDA supports decision-making at the local scale, significantly enhances the transparency of the results, and facilitates communication with local communities. The comparison with the current local law provisions showed the shortcomings of the methods used to date when preparing planning instruments.
Soil Erosion Susceptibility Mapping of Imo River Basin Using Modified Geomorphometric Prioritisation Method
Authors: Nwilo Peter C. , Ogbeta Caleb O. , Daramola Olagoke E. , Okolie Chukwuma J. , Orji Michael J.
Published: September 2021

Gullies and other forms of erosion have been the greatest environmental problem and catastrophe in most high- and low-income countries. The challenge posed by soil erosion has compromised agricultural productivity, environmental biodiversity and food safety for the world's population. It is important to identify vulnerable areas to soil erosion in each region to initiate remedial measures. This study demonstrates the use of watershed morphometry coupled with weighted sum analysis (WSA) to estimate the soil erosion susceptibility of the Imo River Basin sub-watersheds (SWs) in South-Eastern Nigeria using satellite remote-sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) analysis. To this end, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 30 m spatial resolution was used to extract and analyse 18 morphometric parameters including basic, linear, shape and relief. The method of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves was used to validate the model's prediction accuracy. This morphometry-based analysis resulted in the SWs being classified into zones of low, medium, high and very high erosion susceptibility. With regard to erosion susceptibility, 41.51% of the basin (2494.68 km2) is in the very high priority zone; while 10.50%, 44.33% and 3.66% of the basin are in the high, medium and low priority zones respectively. Validation of the final erosion susceptibility map showed a prediction accuracy of 81%. The use of satellite imagery and morphometric analysis in this study was cost- and time-effective for identifying areas susceptible to soil erosion.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE BREED OF COWS ON THE QUALITY OF SOFT CHEESE MADE USING HOME TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Zakharov V.L. , Shchegolkov N.F. ,   Lipetskaya Cattle Breeding Laboratory of the All-Russian Research Institute of Tribal Affairs, Vokhmina U.A. ,   Bunin Yelets State University, Abdurahmanov P.A. ,   Yelets city station for the control of animal diseases
Published: September 2021

The aim of the research was to establish the influence of the black mottled breed of cows com-pared to the Simmental breed on the properties of milk, the quality and yield of soft cheese made using home technology. The milk of the Simmental breed of cows is less dense, more fatty, con-tains 2.4 times fewer somatic cells, has a lower pH value, contains more organic acids when fer-mented and gives 4.43 % more cottage cheese than the milk of cross-breed animals (simmental x black-and-white breeds). Cheese according to home technology from the milk of both breeds of cows is soft, fatty and meets the requirements of state standard R 52686-2006. Cheese according to home technology from the milk of the Simmental breed has a yield of 1.7 % more, the humidity is 2.9 % less and is more saturated with lactic acid than cheese from the milk of mixed animals (simmental x black-and-white breeds).
IMPROVING THE STABILITY OF THE MOVEMENT OF TRAILED VEHICLES
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Emelyanov P.A.
Published: September 2021

Today, automobile and tractor trains with trailers are quite popular vehicles used for transporting agricultural goods in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. Road trains and trac-tors with trailers are characterized by lower performance indicators (maneuverability, stability of movement) than single vehicles. Accordingly, special requirements for safety and trouble-free op-eration are imposed on motor-tractor trains. The author of the article proposes a technical solution that provides longitudinal stability of the movement of multi-link trackless vehicles, and has, in comparison with known analogues, simplicity of design and increased efficiency in the operating conditions of multi-link tractor trains. Analytical studies have been carried out, which made it possible to justify the rational kinematic and geometric parameters of the proposed technical solu-tion. The strength parameters of the damping device installed at the coupling point of tractors and trailers, and ensuring the operational reliability of trailed dump vehicles, are determined. The re-sults of the conducted research are recommended to both domestic and foreign research institutes, design and production structures of the automotive industry for further study and refinement of the proposed device with a view to its possible introduction into practice.
THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF LIGHT BEER «EL DANTE» USING THE BREWERY «ELBRUS-2»
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Zubkova T.V.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work was to develop a technology for the production of craft light beer using the brewery "Elbrus-2". As a result of the experiment, a light beer "El Dante" was obtained, which was characterized by a sweet malt taste, with a slight hop bitterness. The beer was light in appearance, transparent with small inclusions of yeast sediment at the bottom of the bottle. In general, the re-sulting beer quality met the requirements of regulatory documents.
DETERMINATION AND ANANLIZATION OF ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS ZONES FOR THE PLACEMENT OF GREEN SPACES ON THE TERRITORY OF SCHOOL NO. 19 IN THE CITY OF YOSHKAR-OLA, PROJECT SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS
Authors:   Volga State Technological University, Anisimova M.A.
Published: September 2021

The object of research is the territory of secondary school No. 19 in Yoshkar - Ola. During the work on the project "Project for the reconstruction of landscaping and landscaping of the territory of Secondary School No. 19, the city of Yoshkar-Ola", the need for this work was identified, since new green spaces are being planted on the basis of the engineering communications plan. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need for reconstruction of green objects in this territory. The purpose of the work is to determine the influence of engineering communications on the overall design solution and to determine the zones prohibiting the planting of tree and shrub vegetation. A detailed analysis of engineering communications was carried out on the basis of an engineering and topographic plan, protective zones for green spaces were identified and calculated. It was revealed that trees and shrubs are located on the "dead zones". Recommendations and a design solution for planting new green spaces are proposed.
THE SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF WEED PLANTS ON RUDERAL HABITATS ON THE TERRITORY OF VYBORG CITY (LENINGRAD REGION)
Authors:   All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Mysnik E.N.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study was to identify the species composition of weed plants and its features on ruderal habitats on the territory of Vyborg city (Leningrad region, Vyborg district). Materials collected during the route survey of ruderal habitats on the territory of the settlement. Systemati-zation of monitoring data, floristic analysis of species composition, calculation of species occur-rence and assessment of its persistence were carried out. The specific structure is presented by 58 species, 48 genus, 18 families. Groups of 21 dominant and 15 concomitant in occurrence species are allocated. Brought species of weeds were revealed. The interrelation of species compositions of weed plants of segetal habitats of the region and ruderal habitats in the territory of the settlement is shown (17 species, identified on ruderal habitats of the city, are dominant in the fields of the region).
FORMATION OF MATERIAL AND ENERGY COSTS IN THE GRAIN-TILLAGE LINK OF CROP ROTATION DURING PLOWING, SURFACE AND ZERO (CHEMICAL) PROCESSING OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM
Authors:   agro-industrial complex Kuban Agro, Polous V.S. , Osaulenko S.N. ,   Stavropol State University, Prokopova L.O. ,   Kuban State University
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the research was to determine the material, energy and other indicators for the cul-tivation of crops of the crop rotation link using fertilizers, pesticides and effective growth stimu-lators for different-depth basic soil treatment. It was found that the crops of the grain-tillage rota-tion link, which were cultivated by plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm (control), surface treatment to a depth of 6-8 cm and zero (chemical) treatment significantly changed their productivity, and also formed various production, and therefore energy costs. The yield of oilseed flax was 1.70 t / ha, winter wheat-6.23 t / ha, mogar grain of crop sowing-0.49 t / ha, mogar hay-1.74 t / ha, peas-3.86 t/ha. The yield of these crops obtained using the no-till technology was, respectively, at 12- 3- 0 – 4 the percentage is lower than in the control. The largest net income (64090 rubles / ha), the amount of additional energy (220998 Mj) and the energy efficiency coefficient (3.5) were formed during surface tillage for crops of the crop rotation link, including due to the mogar of crop sow-ing, respectively 3370 rubles/ha and 243208 Mj. Cultivation of 4 field crops in 3 agricultural years significantly increases the economic and bioenergetic efficiency of production and can be applied in other regions.
Dyeing of cotton fabric by Caesalpinia sappan aqueous extract at different temperatures and mordants
Authors: Kannathasan K. , Kokila P.
Published: September 2021

The colour is one of the most important features in textile industry and customers requirements. Synthetic colours are available at affordable prices due to their bulk production. On the other hand, they pose undesirable taste (in case of foods) and harmful effects to ecosystem. The natural colours when used in textiles do not threat the environments and do not cause any skin allergy, toxicity and other hazards to living things as compared to the synthetic counterparts. In the present study, dyeing experiments were conducted with the aqueous extract of bark chips of Caesalpinia sappan at 60, 80 and100° C and using different mordant treatments. The fastness to washing for most of cotton fabrics showed fair grey scale rating. Among the mordants Alum, CuSo4 and Myrobalan used, the natural mordant myrobalan showed poor fastness properties compared to other two mordants. The staining tests showed that most of fabrics exhibited only slight/completely no pilling in majority of the treatments.
Behaviour of Uniaxial Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthened with Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Al-Hazragi Abd-al-Salam I. M. , Lateef Assim M.
Published: September 2021

This article investigates the behaviour of strengthened concrete columns using jacketing ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) under uniaxial loaded. The jacket was connected to the column core using shear connectors and (CFRP) fixed as a strip on the tension zone between the column cores and the jacketing. Seven column samples of square cross-section (120 x120) mm at the midsection with overall length of 1250 mm were cast using normal strength concrete (NSC) and having similar longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. The samples were made and tested under axial load at eccentricity equal to 120 mm up to failure. Test parameters were the thickness of jackets (25 and 35) mm and the width of CFRP (0,8, and 12) cm. Column specimens were tested, one of them was reference without any strengthening, and the other specimens divided into two groups (A, and B), and each group included three specimens based on the parameters. Group (A) has UHPFRC jacket thickness 25 mm and CFRP width (0,8, and 12) cm respectively, and group (B) has UHPFRC jacket thickness 35 mm and CFRP width (0,8, and 12) cm respectively. The outcomes of the article show that increasing the thickness of jacket, and width of CFRP lead to increase in the load carrying capacity about (110.5%,168.4%, and 184.2%) for group A, and (157.9%,226.3%, and 263.2%) for group B compared with the reference column due to delay in the appearance of cracks and their distribution. The mid-height lateral displacement of columns was decreased about (66.6%,42.3%, and 35.9%) for group A, and (46.15%,38.46%, and 32.3%) for group B, also the axial deformation of specimens decreased about (71.7%,60.86%, and 55.86%) for group A, and (65.5%,60.5%, and 53.4) for group B compared with the reference column. The ductility of columns that were strengthened with UHPFRC jacket only was increased about (13.67%,19.66%) for thickness(25,35) mm respectively, because of that UHPFRC jacket was contented on steel fibers, and the percentage decrease of ductility was about (5.1%,and 12%) for group (A), (1%,and 9.4%) for group (B) when bonded CFRP in the tension zone with width (8 ,and 12) cm respectively. The results show improvement in the initial and secant stiffness when, increased the thickness of jacket, and width of CFRP because of increase in the size of columns and improvement in the modulus of elasticity. The toughness increase was about (273.97%,301.55%, and 304.5%) for group A, and (453.69%,511.93%, and 524.28%) for group B compared with the reference column because of increase in the size of specimens and delay the appearance of cracks.
Radiation medical experiments in the United States (early 1930s – mid1970s)
Authors: Peshkova Kseniya Vladimirovna
Published: September 2021

The subject of this research is the period of human radiation experiments within the framework of the Manhattan Project and the Cold War. This phenomenon took place in 1945–1974.and contradicts all known standards of the United Nations that protect human rights in the United States and worldwide. Medical radiation research were conducted in stringent secrecy of the undertaken experiments and their outcome. This article employs the problem-analytical approach for analyzing the phenomenon of human radiation experiments. The research leans on the principle of historicism, according to which human radiation experiments are traced from 1930 to the emergence of the Manhattan Project, the Cold War years, until the records were declassified in 1990s. The novelty of this work is defined by the fact that the problem of antihuman radiation tests of the Manhattan Project is poorly studied in the Russian historiography. The US archival documents and literature that ensure the objectivity of this study comprise majority of the sources. The following conclusions were made:1) on the one hand, human radiation experiments were essentially directed against the population of pro-Soviet countries, but in fact carried out on the civilians of the United States of America with discriminatory orientation towards racial minorities, economically disadvantaged, seriously ill and incurable clinic patients, disabled people, mothers and children; 2) on the other hand, these experiments contributed to the development of radiation therapy for treating cancer patients, although having undermined the health of hundreds and generating incurable forms of diseases. From the scientific perspective, human radiation experiments have enriched medical science with new knowledge on various influence of radioactive elements on the human body.
The art of exhibiting chandeliers as art objects in the open air
Authors: Mitnik Margarita Andreevna
Published: September 2021

This article examines the exhibition of chandeliers in the open air. The subject of this research is the projects that display the actual texture and functionality of the historical models of chandeliers, as well as their modern interpretations within the independent art projects that use structural and stylistic elements of chandeliers as part of the topic or material for the viewers’ reflection. For more in-depth analysis of the chandelier as the object of exposition in the open air, the author explored the websites and exhibition catalogues, methodological textbooks, articles and books that demonstrate methods of presenting the objects of decorative and applied art. Similar projects were found. Based on the extensive sampling, the author conducted typological analysis of such projects was carried out, considering the environmental effects and concepts, namely ecological, which underlie the particular solutions. The conclusion is made that open space of the city and garden allow displaying classical chandeliers and various interpretations of ceiling lighting to wide audience, emphasize the texture of the material, and demonstrate the aesthetics of lighting devices not as a historically reserved or subordinate to some household concept, but as aesthetics that expands the customary concepts associated with space.
Afrikalı Falaşalar: Falaşaların Etnik Köken Teorileri ve Dini Kimlikleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz
Authors: KURAN Neslihan
Published: September 2021

Falaşalar (Beta Israel) ile ilgili çalışma yapan araştırmacılar, topluluğun köken sorununun kapsamını fark edecektir. Bir yandan Şabat’ı gözeten diğer yandan vaftiz olan bir toplulukla karşı karşıyayız. Bu tür biblikal-İbrani unsurlar Falaşaların hangi topluluğa ait olabilecekleri konusunu biraz daha çıkmaza sokmaktadır. Falaşa tarihinin büyük bir kısmının belirsiz olmasına ve topluluğun birincil yazılı kaynağı olmamasına rağmen, Falaşa köken çeşitli şekillerde açıklanmaya çalışıldı. Gizemli hikayeler ve çeşitli mitlerin yanı sıra belki de en ilginç olanı kayıp kabile torunları iddiasıdır. Yüz yıldan fazladır süren Falaşaların kayıp kabile bağlantılı Yahudiliği problemi ile Falaşalar yerine çeşitli Yahudi örgütleri meşgul oldu. Ne İsrail parlamentosunun Dönüş Yasası altında Falaşaları Yahudi olarak tanıma kararı ne de binlerce Etiyopyalı Falaşa’nın İsrail’e göç etmesi kesin statüleriyle ilgili tartışmaları sona erdirdi. Yahudi kimliklerine yönelik tartışmalar hala çözüme kavuşmuş değildir. Çalışmada, Falaşa’nın Halaka veya legal statülerinden ziyade, onların kökenine ilişkin iddialara göz atacağız. Yahudilikle bağlarını yakalamaya çalışıp, bünyesindeki biblikal-İbrani unsurları nasıl ve ne şekilde elde etmiş olabileceklerini incelemeye çalışacağız.
Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının Barış İnşası Fonksiyonları ve Türk STK’larının Barış İnşa Edici Kapasitesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: İŞBİLİR Alptekin Cihangir
Published: September 2021

Sivil toplum kuruluşlarının uluslararası ilişkilerdeki yeri ve uluslararası karar alma mekanizmalarına etkisi henüz çok belirgin olmamasına ve merkezî rolleri bulunmamasına rağmen, özellikle destekleyici fonksiyonları da yadsınamaz bir gerçek olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Barış inşası sahasında ve çatışmaların çözülmesi safhalarında koruma, gözlemleme, savunma, kolaylaştırıcılık, sosyalleşme, sosyal uyum, hizmet sağlama ve radikalleşme ile mücadele fonksiyonlarını icra edebilen sivil toplum kuruluşları; devletlerin tavrı, şiddet seviyesi, medya etkisi, bağışçıların ve diasporanın durumu ve dış aktörlerin etkisine bağlı olarak bu fonksiyonları gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Kendi içinde de ihtisaslaşmayı ve profesyonelleşmeyi gerektiren bu fonksiyonları uygulayabilme kapasitesine sahip olan sivil toplum kuruluşlarının sayısında son yıllarda uluslararası ölçekte artış gözlemlenmektedir. Türkiye’deki STK’ların dağılımında ise barış inşası fonksiyonları açısından henüz yeterli kapasite bulunmamaktadır. Bu kapasite inşa edildiği takdirde elit seviye diplomasiyi takviye edecek yeni ve çok yollu sivil bir inisiyatif alanından söz edebilmek mümkün olabilecektir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle sivil toplum kuruluşlarının barış inşa fonksiyonları teorik olarak analiz edilecek ve bu çerçeveye göre Türk STK’ların barış inşa edici kapasitesi tartışılmaya çalışılacaktır.
Yeni Dünya Düzeninde Türk Dış Politikası
Authors: YILDIRIM Umut Turgut
Published: September 2021

Devletlerin dış politikalarını bölgesel ve küresel çapta cereyan eden ilişkiler ağından bağımsız düşünmek günümüz konjonktürünün gereklilikleri doğrultusunda gittikçe zorlaşan bir hal almıştır. Özellikle güçler dengesi sistemine adapte olmuş Soğuk Savaş döneminin sona ermesi ve liberal demokrasinin piyasa ekonomisiyle entegrasyonu üzerine konumlanan yeni dünya düzeni düşüncesinin oluşması da bu süreci hızlandıran gelişmeler olarak okunabilmektedir. Bu eser yeni dünya düzeni bağlamında Türk dış politikasının (TDP) tarihsel perspektifle inceleyen; Soğuk Savaş öncesi ve sonrası gelişmeleri TDP analizi temelinde örneklerle analiz ederek Türk dış politikasının yaşadığı değişim ve dönüşümler üzerine tespit ve tahlillerde bulunan bir eser niteliğindedir.
İran'ın Direniş Ekseninde Süleymani Kırılması: Ortadoğu'da Vekalet Savaşlarında Yeni Dönem
Authors: ŞAHİN Berfin Lara
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada Göktuğ Sönmez, Gökhan Batu ve Pınar Demirci tarafından yazılan "İran'ın Direniş Ekseninde Süleymani Kırılması: Ortadoğu'da Vekalet Savaşlarında Yeni Dönem" adlı eser incelenmiştir.
Antioxidant capacity of snack cookies made from mango and pineapple fermentation
Authors: Rompies R. , Mayulu N. , Nurkolis F. , Kepel B.J. , Natanael H. , Faradila F.
Published: September 2021

Mango (Mangifera indica) and pineapple (Ananas Comosus) are tropical fruits that
contain many nutrients, one of which is antioxidants and polyphenols. Lots of studies have
shown that fermented fruit is higher in antioxidants and health benefits. Antioxidants have
been reported to be an alternative to enhance body immunity and possibly become an Anti
-SARS-CoV-2. One of the antioxidants that are easily found in vitamin C. This study is to
process the fermented mango and pineapple fruits into cookies and to test the antioxidant
content (especially Vitamin C) in vitro. There were three variations of the formulation,
mango: pineapple: CO2 free water. Sample 1 (1: 0.5: 0.5), sample 2 (2: 1: 1) and sample 3
(3: 2: 2). Then, all product samples were inoculated with Lactobacillus paracasei 5% b/v
for 14 days under anaerobic conditions to get simpler mangoes and pineapple food fibre.
The fermented products were made into flour with a freeze dryer. Sample variation is
done to determine the average significance of the antioxidant content in it. The next step
was Vitamin C analysis from 3 samples of cookies sample using Titration Iodometric
Method, to determine the amount of Vitamin C (mg/100 g) and also the antioxidant
activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The amount of vitamin C obtained in
Sample 1 was 100.20 mg/100 g respectively with antioxidant activity is 35.33%. Sample 2
was 95.75 mg/100 g respectively with antioxidant activity is 30.60%. Sample 3 was
107.90 mg/100 g respectively with antioxidant activity is 44.70%. The formulation with
the highest amount of cookies sample containing vitamin C is S3. There was a significant
difference (P<0.05) that determined vitamin C levels between sample formulations. The
mean ash content of the three samples was 2.02±0.04% and water content were 1.60±
0.15%. The average vitamin C levels in the three sample cookies were 101.28±6.14
mg/100 g. Sample 3 indicated the best antioxidant activity towards 2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in the amount of 44.70%. Therefore, fermented mango and
pineapple have a great potential to be developed into healthy snack cookies. The vitamin
C and antioxidants content in cookies from the fermentation of mango and pineapple may
be a great substitute for snacks since antioxidants has the ability to improve immunity and
anti-inflammatory response. These cookies are also good prebiotics for the gut
microbiome which plays a good role in the immune system.
Optimization of moromi fermentation parameters to nutritional content of oyster mushrooms sauce (Pleurotus spp.) by using response surface methodology
Authors: Giang N.T.N. , Khai T.V. , Thuy N.M.
Published: September 2021

Oyster mushrooms are used as raw materials for sauce because of their enhanced
nutritious and sensory flavour. The study was aimed to select the optimal parameters of
moromi fermentation of oyster mushrooms sauce. Optimizing moromi fermentation from
oyster mushrooms by response surface method (RSM) was conducted with 3 factors
including salt concentration (15-25% w/v), the brine ratio [150-250% (compared to raw
materials, v/w)] and fermentation time (50-70 days). The central composite design used
for optimizing the effect of salt concentration, amount of brine and fermentation time
showed that the parameters were in agreement with the quadratic regression models well
with R2
>0.95. Based on the response surface plots, the optimal parameters of moromi
fermentation were salt concentration 20% (w/v), brine ratio 190% (compared to raw
materials, v/w) and 60 days of fermentation time. In the optimized condition, the chemical
composition (reducing sugar, amino protein, total acids) and the bioactive compounds (βglucan, total phenolic, total flavonoid) (per kg of dry matter) of fermentation sauce were
258.94 g, 204.76 g, 99.06 g, 86.57 g, 108.32 mg TAE and 93.78 mg QE, respectively
Effect of different traditional thermal processing methods on the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of the marginalized indigenous mung bean (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Adeoye J.K. , Oyetayo V.O.
Published: September 2021

In the present study, the effects of fermentation, roasting, boiling, and boiling with potash
on the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of unsprouted mung bean seed was
investigated. Mung bean (Vigna radiata), an underutilized bean was subjected to different
processing methods such as boiling, boiling with potash, roasting, and fermentation.
Chemical properties such as proximate, mineral, amino acid, and anti-nutrient analyses
were done. A total of seventeen amino acids were assayed in mung bean subjected to
different processing methods. The ordinary boiling method had the most significant
(P<0.05) retention in the amino acid content of mung bean seed. The result of the
statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant increase (P>0.005) in the
glutamic acid content of mung bean subjected to different processing methods.
Fermentation slightly increased the protein content from 25.45 to 25.70%, while the
roasted sample had the lowest protein content of 22.15%. There was a fluctuation in the
mineral content of processed mung bean. Roasting significantly increased the antinutritional (tannin) content from 0.057 to 0.094 mg/g, while saponin was reduced
significantly from 35.73 to 6.67 mg/g. This study has shown that mung bean is on average
high in protein content which can serve as a good supplement for dietary protein.
Moreover, fermentation and boiling methods may better enhance the nutritional
composition of mung bean in terms of retention of protein and reduction of antinutritional factors.
Fatty acid profiles of Phaseolus species
Authors: Adewole E. , Ojo A. , Oludoro O. , Osasona I.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to identify and profile the fatty acids present in the Phaseolus
species using an online Osiris server software. Phaseolus species (pinto beans, lima beans
and kidney beans) were bought in King’s market, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria and were air
-dried and ground. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists protocol were used for
proximate; mineral analysis was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer;
extraction of oil was done using Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were characterized
using gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer and identified compounds were
screened for their chemical properties using online Osiris server. The oil extract for pinto
beans revealed fatty acids in increasing order of percentage quality: Myristic acid,
octadecenoic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid. Identified fatty acids in kidney beans
were in decreasing order of palmitic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid and
capric acid. Lima beans had highest palmitic acid and arachidic acid the lowest. However,
from the results of all the Phaseolus species, linoleic acid was found only in kidney beans
with quality of 11.87%. The identified fatty acids showed high toxicity properties and they
exhibited negative drug-likeness. The chemistry of the identified compounds all showed
that they exhibited various chemical properties. In conclusion, this study had revealed the
presence of fatty acids in the selected food crops and their various chemical profiles have
been discovered
Physicochemical characteristic of modified edible film made from gelatine of sea bass (Lates calcarifer) residue with palmitic acid and soybean protein isolate treatment
Authors: Agustini T.A. , Nurohman W. , Raharjo D.P.K. , Wijayanti I. , Romadhon D. , Widayat  , Suzery M.
Published: September 2021

The use of fish waste as raw material in producing gelatin becomes important when it is
related to the halal perspective. Sea bass skin contains high protein, especially collagen
protein which can be used as the main component of edible film. An edible film made
from gelatin of fish skin usually lacks water vapour transmission due to its hydrophilic
properties. Modification of formula in producing an edible film from fish gelatin with the
addition of lipid such palmitic acid (PA treatment) and soybean protein isolate (SPI
treatment) can affect the characteristics of the edible film resulted. This study was aimed
to evaluate the chemical (solubility, water vapour permeability) and physical
characteristics (thickness, tensile strength, per cent elongation, SEM) of an edible film
made from gelatin with the addition of palmitic acid and soybean protein isolate with
different concentration. The results showed that edible films with SPI addition yield the
best film thickness (<2.5 mm) while PA addition resulted in better tensile strength of the
films (>3.92 MPa) according to the Japanese Industrial Standard. The per cent elongation
of both films with PA (21.3-34.44%) and SPI (36.06-117.53%) addition decreased with
increasing concentration, but SPI generally gave higher elongation compared to PA. The
addition of SPI gave lower solubility and higher water vapour transmission values
compared to PA, however, the addition of 4.5% of PA gave the lowest water vapour
transmission (5.416 g/m2
h). Therefore, the best treatment in this study was concluded to
be 4% of SPI addition based on the best thickness, per cent elongation, water vapour
transmission and solubility results.
Nutritional and phytochemical profiles of common pepper (Capsicum spp.) foliage consumed as leafy vegetables in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Amaechi N.C. , Udeogu E. , Okoronkwo C.U. , Irondi C.P.
Published: September 2021

Pepper foliage is consumed as a secondary plant part and as a traditional leafy vegetable
in some climes. The six commonly consumed pepper species namely Cayenne, Anaheim,
Bell, Bird’s eye, Scotch Bonnet and Habanero were analysed for their nutrient and
phytochemical contents on a fresh weight basis. Proximate composition, vitamins were
evaluated while minerals were analysed by the dry ash extraction method. Phytochemicals
namely alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids were analysed by gravimetry; tannin and
phenols by spectrometry; oxalate by titrimetry and hydrogen cyanide were analysed by
alkaline picrate assay. Results indicated a significant difference (p<0.05) in the nutrient
and phytochemical contents of the pepper foliage. Moisture ranged between 86.90 to
88.6% while their energy densities ranged between 34.33 to 45.66 kcal/100 g. Anahiem
had the highest crude protein while Scotch Bonnet had the highest carbohydrate contents
of 3.50% and 2.70% respectively. Bird's eye, Bell and Scotch Bonnet had the highest ash,
fat and crude fibre contents respectively. The order of concentration of vitamins in the
pepper foliage was in this order: Vitamin C > Vitamin A > Vitamin E > Vitamin B2 >
Vitamin B1 > Vitamin B3. Scotch Bonnet had the highest calcium and magnesium
contents, Cayenne had the highest phosphorus, potassium and iron contents while
Anahiem and Bell had the highest zinc and sodium contents respectively. The
phytochemical profile indicated that oxalate content of the foliage ranged between 0.14 to
0.28 mg/100 g and this classifies them as low oxalate vegetables. Bird's eye had the
highest hydrogen cyanide content (9.45 mg/100 g) while Cayenne had the highest phytate
content (12.72%). Results indicated the presence of tannins, alkaloids, phytosterols,
phenols, flavonoids and saponins. These phytochemicals in the pepper foliage can be
beneficial for human wellbeing based on their health-promoting effects.
The effect of powdered spices formula on antioxidant activity and sensory quality of solid brem
Authors: Maramy N.V. , Handayani B.R. , Zaini M.A.
Published: September 2021

Solid brem is one of Indonesian traditional food. The low level of antioxidant content
might be increased by adding powdered spice formula which is rich in phenolic
compounds. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of powdered spices
formula on antioxidant activity and sensory quality of solid brem. The formulation of
powdered spices was ginger, turmeric, cloves, nutmeg, pepper, and cinnamon in a ratio of
3: 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments of
adding powdered spices formula (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) and three replications were used as
the method. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5%
significance level using Co-Stat software and tested further by Orthogonal Polynomial
Method (OPM) or using Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The result showed that
adding powdered spices formula on solid brem had a significant different effect on
antioxidant activity, water activity, pH value, physical quality (texture and color), and
sensory quality (hedonic) on color, taste, texture, and melting in the mouth. The addition
of 4% of the spices formula is recommended to produce the best quality of solid brem
with the following characteristic: 80.51% of antioxidant activity, 15.71 mg GAE/g of
material total phenol, 40.90% Brix of total dissolved solids, 0.55 water activity (Aw), 3.44
pH value, 9.08 N texture value (physical), and 84.68 oHue color value (physical). The
product had light yellow; slightly spicy, solid and rather smooth texture, and melting in
the mouth. The high content of antioxidant activity in the product proved the potential of
using powdered spices in improving the antioxidant activity of solid brem.
Let us breathe. An investigation into uncertain landscapes
Authors:   , Di Leva Francesca
Published: September 2021

Let us Breathe, is practice-based landscape design research. With a performative approach to knowledge creation, it explores ways to encounter and engage uncertain and vulnerable urban landscapes in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Uncertainty in the landscape and holding uncertainty in design process is the problem around which the research pivots. The inquiry is sited in a residential estuarine and wetland landscape subject to population growth along with the impacts of flooding and rising sea-levels. Drawing on the creativity of ‘non-solutionist’ thinking, design is used as an investigative lens to consider future spatial and relational possibilities across all forms of life. The research thus asks what happens to the practice of design of the landscape when uncertainty is embraced? To this end the research moves against practices that by default seek to contain water bodies and preserve the primary of terrestrial occupation for human needs. What has been discovered through the design process is a relational shift towards engaging and presenting living landscapes beyond the transactional, such asecosystem services, but of equal value.
You, me, and that god damn lighthouse over there!
Authors:   , Pringle Bligh
Published: September 2021

The ‘gaze’ has been traditionally established as the primary way tourists consume space. However, recent research proposes ‘the performance’ as an alternative mode of touring that doesn’t centre around just the visual, and looks to design for tourists to ‘perform; opposed to simply ‘gaze’. This thesis examines the relationship between tourists and existing tourism objects, focussing on the lighthouses of New Zealand as an architecture that has the potential for repurposing or developing for consumption as tourism. A ‘design through research’ methodology has been employed using ‘camp’ as a lens of exploration. Iterative design experiments that involve, physical modelling, drawing, collage, photography and digital modelling explore different conceptual opportunities for the lighthouse and with ultimate goal of creating a stage for tourists to perform upon. Developed through three distinct design phases, the first, looks at the lighthouse and transforms it into a theme park, adopting humour and a satirical approach to comment on mass-tourism and kitsch consumption, treating the lighthouse as a collective of activities that makes a single experience. The second takes an intimate approach to what makes a lighthouse. Here the camp lens is removed and the light is analysed through photographic strategies and model making. This seeks to find a real ‘authenticity’ to contribute to the final design phase, exploring ‘camp’ by its absence. The final phase, is ‘the stage complete’, an architecture that encloses the lighthouse, re-adapting camp design methods to explain that story and attract tourists with its camp aesthetics.
Lumana'i
Authors:   , Hunt Savanah
Published: September 2021

The rise of a new pan-Pasifika identity suggests optimistically that New Zealand is becoming more Pasifika today. With significant importance to reflect the Pasifika identity into our built and urban environments in Aotearoa, there is much discussion surrounding how ‘Pasifika’ can be accurately interpreted through spatial practices. Cultural design frameworks are tools that designers and non-designers can adopt and apply into conceptual developments of architectural projects to accurately reflect Indigenous culture. Spatial Frameworks for Mātauranga Māori are constructed by the collaboration of iwi/hapū and designers to gain a better understanding about the unique contexts and characteristics of the people and place. These frameworks aid development and achieve better quality urban environments by creating spaces and places that are suitable to Māori. The frameworks are composed by a series of cultural principles that are derived from core values and concepts of the indigenous group. The principles guide culturally appropriate design processes and responses and are used a strategic foundation to generate spaces.

This thesis is grounded upon the experience of what it is like living in Aotearoa as a Pasifika person. This design-through-research project investigates how Pasifika principles can be integrated into the development of a Pasifika design framework to inform accurate spatial concepts for the Pasifika community in Aotearoa. The project assesses existing design frameworks for Mātauranga Māori to inform the approach for developing a new framework for Pasifika. This research aims to articulate existing Pasifika principles as outcome-orientated design guidelines that may be applied to reflect the identity of Pasifika. The research proposes a series of spatial guidelines for better-designed environments for Pasifika communities in Aotearoa. The proposition explores how cultural principles can help resolve spatial issues within our cities’ planning and design processes.
LUMANA'I
Authors:   , Hunt Savanah
Published: September 2021

The rise of a new pan-Pasifika identity suggests optimistically that New Zealand is becoming more Pasifika today. With significant importance to reflect the Pasifika identity into our built and urban environments in Aotearoa, there is much discussion surrounding how ‘Pasifika’ can be accurately interpreted through spatial practices. Cultural design frameworks are tools that designers and non-designers can adopt and apply into conceptual developments of architectural projects to accurately reflect Indigenous culture. Spatial Frameworks for Mātauranga Māori are constructed by the collaboration of iwi/hapū and designers to gain a better understanding about the unique contexts and characteristics of the people and place. These frameworks aid development and achieve better quality urban environments by creating spaces and places that are suitable to Māori. The frameworks are composed by a series of cultural principles that are derived from core values and concepts of the indigenous group. The principles guide culturally appropriate design processes and responses and are used a strategic foundation to generate spaces.

This thesis is grounded upon the experience of what it is like living in Aotearoa as a Pasifika person. This design-through-research project investigates how Pasifika principles can be integrated into the development of a Pasifika design framework to inform accurate spatial concepts for the Pasifika community in Aotearoa. The project assesses existing design frameworks for Mātauranga Māori to inform the approach for developing a new framework for Pasifika. This research aims to articulate existing Pasifika principles as outcome-orientated design guidelines that may be applied to reflect the identity of Pasifika. The research proposes a series of spatial guidelines for better-designed environments for Pasifika communities in Aotearoa. The proposition explores how cultural principles can help resolve spatial issues within our cities’ planning and design processes.
How do mathematics teachers and learners perceive the role of oral interaction in the teaching and learning of English language learners (ELLs) in year 10 mathematics classes?
Authors:   , McKee Sara
Published: September 2021

New Zealand has recently reached a population of five million. Many of these five million are from non-English-speaking-backgrounds. Consequently, many students from language backgrounds other than English find themselves in content classrooms where English is the dominant language. One of these content classrooms is secondary school mathematics.

This qualitative investigation uses exploratory case study, with two sub-units to examine how mathematics teachers and learners perceive the role of oral interaction in the learning of junior (year 10) mathematics. Data were gathered from two classes in one large coeducational school in the greater Wellington region. Data were collected through two interviews with two teachers, one teacher aide, and five English Language Learner (ELL) students from two year 10 mathematics classrooms. Additional data gathered were gathered through observations, narrative field notes, and artifacts. Data were then analysed using thematic analysis.

There were four key findings. The first of these findings was the importance of personal experiences of learning and using an additional language for staff. These experiences shaped the way staff interacted with ELLs and made them empathetic to the language learners. An additional finding was the significance of relationships in classrooms between teaching staff and ELLs, as well as ELLs and their classmates. The ELLs reported that they flourished when they felt comfortable and confident in their classroom environment. A dominant theme was understanding the language demands of mathematics. Students and staff recognised the importance of moving beyond vocabulary, to learning the language of mathematical concepts. The staff discussed the affordances and hindrances for language learning in the classroom. Staff also recognised the challenges for ELLs in accessing the curriculum, and acknowledged 5 that full participation was not always achieved. The final finding was that the teacher had a role in supporting oral language for learning mathematics in the classroom.

The findings suggest that teachers need support in recognising the role of language in their subject areas including how to promote oral language. This study recommends that preservice teacher education should include opportunities for teaching discipline specific language in content areas, particularly in mathematics