bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A peptide-binding domain shared with an Antarctic bacterium facilitates
Vibrio cholerae
human cell binding and intestinal colonization
Authors: Lloyd Cameron J. , Guo Shuaiqi , Kinrade Brett , Zahiri Hossein , Eves Robert , Ali Syed Khalid , Yildiz Fitnat , Voets Ilja K. , Davies Peter L. , Klose Karl E.
Published: September 2023

Vibrio cholerae,
the causative agent of the disease cholera, is responsible for multiple pandemics.
V. cholerae
binds to and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract within the human host, as well as various surfaces in the marine environment (e.g., zooplankton) during interepidemic periods. A large adhesin, the Flagellar Regulated Hemagglutinin A (FrhA), enhances binding to erythrocytes and epithelial cells and enhances intestinal colonization. We identified a peptide-binding domain (PBD) within FrhA that mediates hemagglutination, binding to epithelial cells, intestinal colonization, and facilitates biofilm formation. Intriguingly, this domain is also found in the ice-binding protein of the Antarctic bacterium
Marinomonas primoryensis
, where it mediates binding to diatoms. Peptide inhibitors of the
M. primoryensis
PBD inhibit
V. cholerae
binding to human cells as well as to diatoms and inhibit biofilm formation. Moreover, the
M. primoryensis
PBD inserted into FrhA allows
V. cholerae
to bind human cells and colonize the intestine and also enhances biofilm formation, demonstrating the interchangeability of the PBD from these bacteria. Importantly, peptide inhibitors of PBD reduce
V. cholerae
intestinal colonization in infant mice. These studies demonstrate how
V. cholerae
uses a PBD shared with a diatom-binding Antarctic bacterium to facilitate intestinal colonization in humans and biofilm formation in the environment.
Women in STEM becoming independent: Great mentors make all the difference
Authors: Van Emmenis Lucie
Published: September 2023

In this Viewpoint, we hear from a cross section of women, across multiple research fields, discussing their science and the process of setting up a lab as an independent researcher. As well as being able to celebrate the positives of becoming an independent researcher, we would also like to use this platform to discuss the unique challenges they face as women scientists in their respective scientific environments.
International comparison of activity measurements of a solution of 51Cr
Authors: Broda R , Ziemek T , Bobin Ch , Thiam Ch , Listkowska A , Lech E , Chambon L , Lourenço V , Czudek M , Saganowski P , Tymiński Z , Kołakowska E
Published: September 2023

Main text

A bilateral comparison between LNE-LNHB, France and the RC POLATOM, Poland on activity measurements of the 51Cr solution was organized in 2022 as the EURAMET project No 1554 and registered as EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Cr-51 key comparison. In both laboratories, primary activity measurements techniques based on 4π(LS)-γ coincidence and anti-coincidence counting methods were used. LNE-LNHB also performed indicative measurements in a large-well NaI(Tl) detector using the 4πγ method. The final result of the comparison in RC POLATOM was the weighted mean of the results of the 4π(LS)-γ coincidence method and the 4π(LS)-γ anti-coincidence method, and in the LNE-LNHB - the value obtained by the 4π(LS)-γ anti-coincidence method. The power-moderated mean of the final results values was calculated. An additional ampoule containing the same 51Cr solution was sent to the BIPM in order to link the results achieved in the bilateral comparison to the BIPM SIR reference system.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Percolation of ‘civilisation’ in a homogeneous isotropic universe
Authors: Alinea A L , Jadrin C J C
Published: September 2023

In this work, we consider the spread of a ‘civilisation’ in an idealised homogeneous isotropic universe where all the planets of interest are habitable. Following a framework that goes beyond the usual idea of percolation in common undergraduate computational physics textbooks, we investigate the behaviour of the number of colonised planets with time, and the total colonisation time for three types of universes. These include static, dark energy-dominated, and matter-dominated universes. For all these types of universes, we find a remarkable fit with the Logistic Growth Function for the number of colonised planets with time. This is in spite of the fact that for the matter- and dark-energy dominated universes, the space itself is expanding. For the total colonisation time, T, the case for a dark energy-dominated universe is marked with divergence beyond the linear regime characterised by small values of the Hubble parameter, H. Not all planets in a spherical section of this universe can be ‘colonised’ due to the presence of a shrinking Hubble sphere. In other words, the recession speeds of other planets go beyond the speed of light making them impossible to reach. On the other hand, for a matter-dominated universe, while there is an apparent horizon, the Hubble sphere is growing instead of shrinking. This leads to a finite total colonisation time that depends on the Hubble parameter characterising the Universe; in particular, we find T ∼ H for small H and T ∼ H
2 for large H.
Effects of CO and NO atmospheres on the morphology of Ag, Ni, and Ir nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yanshuang , Zhang Meng , Xu Wen Wu
Published: September 2023

Metal nanoparticles are widely used in multiphase catalytic reactions due to their excellent physicochemical properties, which are mainly determined by their size and shape. Therefore, predicting and controlling the shape and structure of metal nanoparticles under reaction conditions has been a popular topic of interest among researchers. In this study, we conducted a systematical investigation to the equilibrium structure of Ag, Ni, and Ir nanoparticles within a mixed gas environment of CO and NO, employing a multiscale structural reconstruction model. This model demonstrates the ability to accurately predict the equilibrium configuration of metal nanoparticles under reactive conditions. Our investigation reveals a notable presence of negative surface energy in the phase diagrams representing Ag, Ir, and Ni nanoparticle configurations. This distinctive feature signifies that the nanoparticles undergo a process of splitting. While undergoing temperature and total pressure variations, the transformation in the structure of Ni nanoparticles is comparatively less evident in contrast to that of Ag and Ir nanoparticles. This discrepancy primarily stems from the pronounced energy barrier posed by the substantial rejection of CO and NO molecules at the surface of Ni nanoparticles. Notably, the structural modifications within Ag nanoparticles manifest solely within the confines of low-temperature ranges. Furthermore, our observations underscore the significant impact exerted by the ratios of CO and NO partial pressures on both the structure and the count of active sites within the metal nanoparticles.
Fubini–Study metric and topological properties of flat band electronic states: the case of an atomic chain with s − p orbitals
Authors: Espinosa-Champo Abdiel de Jesús , Naumis Gerardo G
Published: September 2023

The topological properties of the flat band states of a one-electron Hamiltonian that describes a chain of atoms with s − p orbitals are explored. This model is mapped onto a Kitaev–Creutz type model, providing a useful framework to understand the topology through a nontrivial winding number and the geometry introduced by the Fubini–Study (FS) metric. This metric allows us to distinguish between pure states of systems with the same topology and thus provides a suitable tool for obtaining the fingerprint of flat bands. Moreover, it provides an appealing geometrical picture for describing flat bands as it can be associated with a local conformal transformation over circles in a complex plane. In addition, the presented model allows us to relate the topology with the formation of compact localized states and pseudo-Bogoliubov modes. Also, the properties of the squared Hamiltonian are investigated in order to provide a better understanding of the localization properties and the spectrum. The presented model is equivalent to two coupled SSH chains under a change of basis.
Comparative study on deep-learning-based leather surface defect identification
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Xu Daxing , Deng Jiehang , Chen Yi , Li Chuan
Published: September 2023

Detecting leather surface defects has become an important subject in industrial inspections and attracted significant attention as a challenging task. Traditional image processing techniques struggle with the detection of leather surface defects with a variety of shapes, sizes, backgrounds, and noise. Deep learning is a promising solution to this problem. This work focuses on the comparative study of 26 classical deep learning models in the field of leather surface defect type recognition. That aims to lay a foundation for the design and development of new schemes for leather defect inspection. Based on tanned leather from an enterprise, eight types of leather surface defects (cavities, pinholes, scratches, rotten surfaces, growth lines, healing wounds, folds, and bacterial wounds) were collected using an ultra-high definition whole leather imaging device. Two challenging datasets with various shapes, sizes, and colours were constructed. Extensive experimental evaluations were conducted. The deep learning model can achieve more than 95% accuracy when the defect imaging is ideal and limited. In case that the shapes, sizes, and colour of the above eight defects keep diverse, Densenet169 performed the best with a recognition accuracy of 72.5%, and ShuffleNet model with the worst performance reached 64.3%. Systematic in-depth experimental evaluation shows that deep learning models are promising in the field of leather surface defect detection, however, challenges remain.
Photovoltaic arrays fault diagnosis based on an improved dilated convolutional neural network with feature-enhancement
Authors: Gong Bin , An Aimin , Shi Yaoke
Published: September 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays are installed outdoors and prone to abnormalities and various faults under harsh natural conditions, reducing power conversion efficiency and the life of the PV modules, and even causing electric shock and fire. Current fault diagnosis methods are unable to accurately identify and locate faults in PV arrays in PV power systems, leading to increased operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, the feature-enhancement improved dilated convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for fault diagnosis of PV arrays in this paper. Firstly, aim at the problem of information loss due to data structure and spatial hierarchy within the traditional CNN, and the loss of data after down-sampling, which leads to the inability to reconstruct information, a dilated convolution is introduced to obtain a larger perceptual field while reducing the computational effort. Meanwhile, the adaptive dual domain soft threshold group convolution attention module is proposed to enhance the essential features of faults and reduce the information redundancy given the ambiguity and blindness of the feature data in PV array fault extraction. Finally, the model performance of the proposed model is validated and the operability and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified experimentally. The diagnostic results show that the average diagnostic accuracy of the proposed model is 98.95% compared with other diagnostic models, with better diagnostic accuracy and more stable diagnostic performance.
Nondestructive observation of state of water in concrete using dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Sudo Seiich , Sato Sachie , Kurihara Norihiko , Asano Megumi , Hayakawa Kenji
Published: September 2023

We present a method of observing the relaxation process reflecting the motion of water molecules masked by the contribution of electrical conduction. By using this method, we can observe the Cole–Cole-type relaxation process reflecting the motion of the bound water molecules in cement-based materials. The relaxation time and strength of this process increase with curing time, and both parameters saturate to a constant value. The curing time dependence of compressive strength can be described by a logarithmic function, and the change in compressive strength correlates strongly with the change in relaxation time. In the analysis using the τ-β
CC diagram, the trajectory of the τ-β
CC diagram shifts to the lower right as the curing progresses, and the feature of the trajectory of the τ-β
CC diagram depends on the difference in the wetting environment. Our results indicate that the state of water retained in the pore structure can be used as a probe to obtain information on the curing progress of concrete.
Exploring photovoltaic effect through simple experiments
Authors: Francisco S , Salgueiro da Silva M A , Cavadas B , Seixas T M
Published: September 2023

This work describes a laboratory practice centred around the demonstration of the photovoltaic effect and its application for renewable energy production. Several experiments are proposed to allow students to investigate how a PV cell works and how irradiance, load resistance, temperature, and light trapping mechanisms can affect its performance. Additionally, students can be introduced to the quantum nature of light and how it relates to the behaviour of semiconductor devices, by exploring how the incident light colour affects power output.
Theoretically assisted and empirical scalings in the problem of determination of internal inductance in tokamaks
Authors: Pustovitov V D
Published: September 2023

The problem of inferring the internal inductance

ℓ
i

from external magnetic measurements in tokamaks is considered. It was practically resolved in JET (Barana O et al 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
44 2271), but several questions remain to be addressed before extrapolation of that method on other tokamaks. These naturally arise because of the integral nature of

ℓ
i

determined by unknown distribution of the magnetic field inside the plasma. Without universal solutions, the quality of approximations should be examined along with potential experimental enforcements of the existing procedures. This is the main goal of the study that is fully analytical. Several relevant quantities are calculated for the large-aspect-ratio plasma with elliptical shifted magnetic surfaces. Usually the plasma elongation

K

is mentioned as a key factor in the task. Here it is explicitly shown that not only

K

, but its radial derivative too plays a role. The latter parameter did not appear in the JET scaling and in the accompanying discussions. It is also shown that the

K

-dependent term representing there the first iteration actually brings a systematic error. Therefore, several improvements to that scaling can be proposed. The study is based on the use of virial relations for the toroidal axisymmetric configurations.
A review of UTe2at high magnetic fields
Authors: Lewin Sylvia K , Frank Corey E , Ran Sheng , Paglione Johnpierre , Butch Nicholas P
Published: September 2023

Uranium ditelluride (UTe2) is recognized as a host material to unconventional spin-triplet superconductivity, but it also exhibits a wealth of additional unusual behavior at high magnetic fields. One of the most prominent signatures of the unconventional superconductivity is a large and anisotropic upper critical field that exceeds the paramagnetic limit. This superconductivity survives to 35 T and is bounded by a discontinuous magnetic transition, which itself is also field-direction-dependent. A different, reentrant superconducting phase emerges only on the high-field side of the magnetic transition, in a range of angles between the crystallographicbandcaxes. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of these high-field phases, the high-field behavior of the heavy fermion normal state, and other phases that are stabilized by applied pressure.
Bayesian inference of supernova neutrino spectra with multiple detectors
Authors: Huang Xu-Run , Sun Chuan-Le , Chen Lie-Wen , Gao Jun
Published: September 2023

We implement the Bayesian inference to retrieve energy spectra of all neutrinos from a galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN). To achieve high statistics and full sensitivity to all flavours of neutrinos, we adopt a combination of several reaction channels from different large-scale neutrino observatories, namely inverse beta decay on proton and elastic scattering on electron from Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K), charged current absorption on Argon from Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and coherent elastic scattering on Lead from RES-NOVA. Assuming no neutrino oscillation or specific oscillation models, we obtain mock data for each channel through Poisson processes with the predictions, for a typical source distance of 10 kpc in our Galaxy, and then evaluate the probability distributions for all spectral parameters of theoretical neutrino spectrum model with Bayes' theorem. Although the results for either the electron-neutrinos or electron-antineutrinos reserve relatively large uncertainties (according to the neutrino mass ordering), a precision of a few percent (i.e., ±1% ∼ ±4% at a credible interval of 2σ) is achieved for primary spectral parameters (e.g., mean energy and total emitted energy) of other neutrino species. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between different parameters are computed as well and interesting patterns are found. Especially, the mixing-induced correlations are sensitive to the neutrino mass ordering, which potentially makes it a brand new probe to determine the neutrino mass ordering in the detection of galactic supernova neutrinos. Finally, we discuss limitations and perspectives for further improvement on our results.
The magnificent ACT of flavor-specific neutrino self-interaction
Authors: Das Anirban , Ghosh Subhajit
Published: September 2023

We revisit the cosmology of neutrino self-interaction and use the latest cosmic microwave background data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the Planck experiment to constrain the interaction strength. In both flavor-universal and nonuniversal coupling scenarios, we find that the ACT data prefers strong neutrino self-interaction that delays neutrino free streaming until just before the matter-radiation equality. When combined with the Planck 2018 data, the preference for strong interaction decreases due to the Planck polarization data. For the combined dataset, the flavor-specific interaction still provides a better fit to the CMB data than ΛCDM. This trend persists even when neutrino mass is taken into account and extra radiation is added. We also study the prospect of constraining such strong interaction by future terrestrial and space telescopes, and find that the upcoming CMB-S4 experiment will improve the upper limit on neutrino self-interaction by about a factor of three.
Tensile stress regulated microstructures and ferroelectric properties of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films
Authors: Huo 霍 Siying 思颖 , Zheng 郑 Junfeng 俊锋 , Liu 刘 Yuanyang 远洋 , Li 李 Yushan 育姗 , Tao 陶 Ruiqiang 瑞强 , Lu 陆 Xubing 旭兵 , Liu 刘 Junming 俊明
Published: September 2023

The discovery of ferroelectricity in HfO2 based materials reactivated the research on ferroelectric memory. However, the complete mechanism underlying its ferroelectricity remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted a systematic study on the microstructures and ferroelectric properties of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films with various annealing rates in the rapid thermal annealing. It was observed that the HZO thin films with higher annealing rates demonstrate smaller grain size, reduced surface roughness and a higher portion of orthorhombic phase. Moreover, these films exhibited enhanced polarization values and better fatigue cycles compared to those treated with lower annealing rates. The grazing incidence x-ray diffraction measurements revealed the existence of tension stress in the HZO thin films, which was weakened with decreasing annealing rate. Our findings revealed that this internal stress, along with the stress originating from the top/bottom electrode, plays a crucial role in modulating the microstructure and ferroelectric properties of the HZO thin films. By carefully controlling the annealing rate, we could effectively regulate the tension stress within HZO thin films, thus achieving precise control over their ferroelectric properties. This work established a valuable pathway for tailoring the performance of HZO thin films for various applications.
Energetic particle marginal stability profile for HL-2M integrated simulation based on neural network module
Authors: Zou Yunpeng , Chan Vincent S. , Chen Wei , Zhu Yiren , Li Zeyu , Xue Miao
Published: September 2023

A critical gradient model is employed to develop a module of energetic particle (EP) marginal stability profiles in OMFIT integrated simulations for studying EP transport. Currently, each iteration of transport evolution is approximately 10 min in the integrated simulation, whereas, the EP marginal stability profile, which serves as an input in the integrated simulation could take much longer; the reason being a combination of the TGLFEP and EPtran codes is employed in our previous investigation. To reduce the simulation time, the critical gradient is predicted by a neural network instead of the TGLFEP code, and the EPtran code is revised with parallel computing, so that the running time of this module can be controlled to within 5 min. The predictions are in good agreement with previous approaches. The integrated simulation of HL-2M with Alfven eigenmodes transported by neutral beam EP profiles indicates that EP transport reduces the total pressure and current as expected, but could also under some conditions raise the safety factor in the core, which is favorable for reversed magnetic shear and high-performance plasmas.
People can understand IPCC visuals and are not influenced by colors
Authors: Battocletti Vittoria , Romano Alessandro , Sotis Chiara
Published: September 2023

We carry out two online experiments with large representative samples of the US population to study key climate visuals included in the Sixth Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In the first study (N = 977), we test whether people can understand such visuals, and we investigate whether color consistency within and across visuals influences respondents’ understanding, their attitudes toward climate change and their policy preferences. Our findings reveal that respondents exhibit a remarkably good understanding of the IPCC visuals. Given that IPCC visuals convey complex multi-layered information, our results suggest that the clarity of the visuals is extremely high. Moreover, we observe that altering color consistency has limited impact on the full sample of respondents, but affects the understanding and the policy preferences of respondents who identify as Republicans. In the second study (n = 1169), we analyze the role played by colors’ semantic discriminability, that is the degree to which observers can infer a unique mapping between the color and a concept (for instance red and warmth have high semantic discriminability). We observe that semantic discriminability does not affect attitudes toward climate change or policy preferences and that increasing semantic discriminability does not improve understanding of the climate visual.
How atmospheric humidity drives the outgoing longwave radiation–surface temperature relationship and inter-model spread
Authors: Feng Jing , Paynter David , Wang Chenggong , Menzel Raymond
Published: September 2023

The Earth’s global radiation budget depends critically on the relationship between outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and surface temperature (

T

s

). Using the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis dataset, we find that although OLR appears to be linearly dependent on

T

s

over a wide range, there are significant deviations from the linearity in the OLR–

T

s

relationship for regions warmer than 270 K 

T

s

, which covers 89% of the surface of Earth. While the AMIP runs of CMIP6 models largely capture the overall OLR–

T

s

relationship, considerable discrepancies are found in clear-sky OLR at given

T

s

ranges. In this study, we investigate physical mechanisms that control the clear-sky OLR–

T

s

relationship seen in reanalysis and CMIP6 models by using accurate radiative transfer calculations. Our study identifies three key mechanisms to explain both the linearity and departure from linearity of the clear-sky OLR–

T

s

relationship. The first is a surface contribution, controlled by the thermal emission of the surface and the infrared opacity of the atmosphere, accounting for 60% of the observed clear-sky OLR–

T

s

linear slope. The second is changes in atmospheric emission induced by a foreign pressure effect on water vapor and other greenhouse gases, which accounts for 30% of the linear slope in a clear-sky condition. The third is changes in atmospheric emission induced by variations in relative humidity (RH), particularly in the mid-troposphere (250 to 750 hPa), which determines the non-linearity in the clear-sky OLR–

T

s

relationship and adds to the remaining 10% of the slope. The inter-model spread in mid-tropospheric RH explains a large fraction of the differences in clear-sky OLR across CMIP6 models at given surface temperatures. Furthermore, the three key mechanisms outlined here apply to the OLR–

T

s

relationship in all-sky conditions: clouds disguise the surface contribution but increase the atmospheric contribution, retaining a similar linear slope to the clear-sky condition while amplifying the non-linear curvature.
Diagnosing observed extratropical stationary wave changes in boreal winter
Authors: Sun Wanying , Wang Lei
Published: September 2023

Stationary waves are time-averaged zonally asymmetric component of the climatological mean atmospheric circulation, primarily due to the unevenly distributed topography and diabatic heating. Stationary waves are subject to influence from long-term external forcing. In this study, the temporal evolution of the winter (January) Northern Hemisphere stationary waves during 1961–2020 is diagnosed with the fifth generation European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data (ERA5), which shows an overall strengthening in amplitude and an eastward shift in phase. A stationary wave model is used to attribute the stationary wave response to changes in the zonal mean basic state (ΔZM) and the zonally asymmetric diabatic heating forcing (

Δ

q
∗

). The pattern of stationary wave changes is well captured by the response to ΔZM alone, whereas the contribution of

Δ

q
∗

to the amplitude increases in height and becomes dominant in the stratosphere.

Δ

q
∗

is also found to be important in driving stationary wave changes in the North Pacific and Western Europe regions. Furthermore, changes in tropospheric stationary waves are probably a result of internal variability, whereas stratospheric changes are more likely to be driven by external forcing.
Continuous phase transition induced by non-Hermiticity in the quantum contact process model
Authors: He Wen-Bin , Jin Jiasen , Iemini Fernando , Lin Hai-Qing
Published: September 2023

Non-Hermitian (NH) quantum system recently have attracted a lots of attentions theoretically and experimentally. However, the results based on the single-particle picture may not apply to understand the property of NH many-body system. How the property of quantum many-body system especially the phase transition will be affected by the non-Hermiticity remains unclear. Here we study NH quantum contact process (QCP) model, whose effective Hamiltonian is derived from Lindbladian master equation. We show that there is a continuous phase transition induced by the non-Hermiticity in QCP. We also determine the critical exponents β of order parameter, γ of susceptibility and study the correlation and entanglement near phase transition point. We observe that the order parameter and susceptibility display infinitely singularity even for finite size system, since non-Hermiticity endow many-body system with different singular behavior from classical phase transition. Moreover our results show that the phase transition have no counterpart in Hermitian case and belongs to completely different universality class.
Gleason’s theorem for composite systems
Authors: Frembs Markus , Döring Andreas
Published: September 2023

Gleason’s theorem (Gleason 1957 J. Math. Mech.
6 885) is an important result in the foundations of quantum mechanics, where it justifies the Born rule as a mathematical consequence of the quantum formalism. Formally, it presents a key insight into the projective geometry of Hilbert spaces, showing that finitely additive measures on the projection lattice

extend to positive linear functionals on the algebra of bounded operators

. Over many years, and by the effort of various authors, the theorem has been broadened in its scope from type I to arbitrary von Neumann algebras (without type

I
2

factors). Here, we prove a generalisation of Gleason’s theorem to composite systems. To this end, we strengthen the original result in two ways: first, we extend its scope to dilations in the sense of Naimark (1943 Dokl. Akad. Sci. SSSR
41 359) and Stinespring (1955 Proc. Am. Math. Soc.
6 211) and second, we require consistency with respect to dynamical correspondences on the respective (local) algebras in the composition (Alfsen and Shultz 1998 Commun. Math. Phys.
194 87). We show that neither of these conditions changes the result in the single system case, yet both are necessary to obtain a generalisation to bipartite systems.
Application of value chain analysis to corn (Zea mays) commodities in Indonesia: Integrative review
Authors: Jayadi Faisal , Latief Rindam
Published: September 2023

Analysis of the value chain begins with raw materials and finishes with a product that is ready for commercialization. The objective of this article review is to determine how chain analysis (value chain) is used to corn commodities in Indonesia. In the analysis of the corn value chain, farmers, middlemen, inter-island traders, the feed industry, and breeders are considered stakeholders. After the feed has undergone the drying process and been converted into feed, the profit margin is the highest at IDR 1,600, while the profit margin for middlemen or breeders purchasing directly from farmers ranges from IDR 350 to IDR 1,000.
Characteristics of sago and pectin edible film with the addition of chitosan and its use in hard candy wrappers
Authors: Layuk Payung , Winanda Elisa , Lintang Meivie , Lukas Amos , Ramlah Sitti , Ola La Onu La
Published: September 2023

Biodegradable packaging is currently indispensable to reducing the use of plastics. The edible film is a type of food packaging that is safe, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the characteristics of edible films of sago and pectin with different concentrations of chitosan. Comparison of sago and pectin (2:1) with 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% of chitosan concentrations and 1% w/w and 1% glycerol b/v in each treatment. Observations were made on the solubility of the film, thickness, elongation, tensile strength, and color. Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of chitosan affected the thickness and color of the edible film but not elongation, tensile strength, and solubility. The best treatment was found at a concentration of 1% chitosan resulting in a film thickness of 0.115 mm, yellowish white color with a value of 6, a solubility of 98.80%, elongation of 5.75%, and tensile strength of 24.84 KPa. Edible film as a hard candy wrapper can reduce hygroscopic properties by 7.58% per hour.
Analysis of BPP readiness in realizing the Kostratani program
Authors: Yatim Hertasning , Yatim Herwin , Bakri R , Zahrah A
Published: September 2023

The Strategic Command for Agricultural Development (KOSTRATANI) at BPP is the center of the movement that will determine the success of agricultural development through coordination, synergy, and harmonization of agricultural development activities in the sub-districts. This study aims to analyze the readiness of BPP in realizing the KOSTRATANI program. The research method is quantitative descriptive. Based on the results of the study, the P value <0.05 of each variable with a variable value of <0.05, indicating the validity of the instrument and the reliability test showing that each variable is said to be reliable (reliable) because the respondents’ answers to the questions are consistent or stable. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the readiness of the institution has a ready level, the readiness of human resources has a ready level, information readiness has a ready level, the readiness of information technology infrastructure has a ready level, and the readiness of the external environment has a ready level.
Feasibility analysis of white oyster mushroom cultivation in UD. Yusy Berkah Abadi Banyuwangi
Authors: Imroni I , Hardiansyah M Y , Bachtiar R R , Istanti A , Halil  , Utami S W , Dungga N E
Published: September 2023

A company called UD. Yusy Berkah Abadi makes fresh white oyster mushrooms and oyster mushroom logs. This business is situated in Banyuwangi District’s Setail Village, Genteng Sub-district. This study aimed to examine the financial and non-financial viability of oyster mushroom cultivation and the viability of sensitive oyster mushroom cultivation. Market, technical, managerial, legal, and environmental aspects comprise the non-financial aspects. In contrast, financial aspects include NPV, IRR, R/C Ratio, B/C Ratio, BEP, and Payback Period, followed by sensitivity analysis in which the price was increased by 10%, decreased by 5%, the production was increased by 10%, decreased by 5%, the production cost was decreased by 10%, and the production cost was increased by 1%. The findings of this study suggested non-financial aspects of UD. Yusy Berkah Abad was estimated based on all aspects, while financial aspects were feasible based on the value of NPV -IDR. 24.685.810, IRR 2%, and BEP units and rupiah of oyster mushroom logs 37.312 pcs and IDR. 93.285.481. Meanwhile, non-financial aspects were determined to be unfeasible.
The potential of seaweed in increasing revenue of farmer in Bantaeng District
Authors: Reflin Entengo , Ramadhan A S , Arief A A
Published: September 2023

Seaweed farmers have not benefited much from seaweed marketing activities, especially in dry form. Marketing of seaweed in Bantaeng Regency in general has not been maximized, the community has not been able to properly market their seaweed crops. The seaweed cultivating community is tied to traders, where when the community takes seaweed cultivation needs from traders, the farmers are obliged to submit their harvest to the traders, that’s where the trader’s profit plays on the price of seaweed, collectors take seaweed at market prices, so that the price received by farmers far from the general price. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of income, costs and margins at each of the Cottonii and Gracilaria SP seaweed marketing institutions and to analyze the efficiency strategy for marketing seaweed in Bantaeng Regency. Data analysis was carried out by means of descriptive and quantitative analysis, after which the collected data was tabulated and analyzed. The results of this study are the need for zoning of coastal areas to expand the cultivation area so that seaweed production can increase. The use of technology such as digital marketing and collaboration with the government is expected to help farmers sell their crops.
Bio-stimulants derived from seaweed enhance true shallot seed (TSS) growth
Authors: Saadah I R , Rahayu A , Sahat J P , Wulandari A W , Jayanti H , Susilowati D N , Azmi C , Handayani T
Published: September 2023

The obstacles that farmers face by using the True Shallot Seed (TSS) due to the germination ability. In a laboratory level, the application of bio-stimulants was tested to enhance the TSS germination. Two types of bio-stimulants namely Bio A and Bio B with 16 treatment were tested with the TSS. Hypocotyl length, speed of seed germination, germination percentage, seedling growth rate, number of dead seeds and abnormal seeds, number of fungi-infected and bacteria-infected seeds were all measured. The results showed that soaking in Bio A for 1-3 hours reduced 38%-46% of seeds attacked by seed-borne bacteria compared to the control. The Bio B treatment had a better effect on the speed of seed germination and germination percentage parameters, compared to Bio A.
The development strategy of subsistent or semi commercial maize farming system
Authors: da Silva H , Sondakh J O M , Seran Y L , de Rosari B , Kotta N R E
Published: September 2023

Subsistent/semi commercial farmers were very slow to adopt the new technology of maize cultivation, although the new introduction technology could be done by farmers, economies and compatible with farmer’s socio-culture. Generally, that was caused introduction technology need high inputs (i.e. superior seed maize varieties, fertilizer, and pesticides), and other sides orientation of maize cultivation by subsistent/semi commercial farmers for food security, farmers limited money to bought inputs, and inputs shop in sub district/village levels was nothing. The consequence was introduction of new technology could not extend and farmers back to existing technology after character building had finished. The research was conducted on 3 (three) farmer’s group and planted area 15 hectares of maize in South Timor Tengah district, East Nusa Tenggara province in 2017-2018. The research showed the problems could be overcome by guiding of new technology to farmers/farmer’s group among 1-2 times planting and building of new institutional i.e. clinic of technology on village level. Extension workers and group of farmer’s group (GAPOKTAN) manage clinic of technology. The clinic function was to inform new agricultural information to farmers/farmer’s group and be responsibility to supplying of inputs. To guarantee the continuity maize farming system, farmers need loan assistance with semi grand system. Farmers/farmers group borrow inputs from the clinic of technology and it refund by maize product after harvesting. The clinic of technology did maize processing and sold maize in early rainy season. The clinic of technology built maize seed industry unit in village level and bought inputs (fertilizer and pesticides Farmer’s household lack of food, although improving of technology cultivation in ENT province had done) from agricultural shop on district/province level. This strategy could guarantee sustainability maize farming system and potential to develop in other village.
Fortification of carrot (Daucus carota L.) and snakehead fish (Channa striata) in bagea product for nutrition fulfillment patients of type II diabetes mellitus (DM)
Authors: Nurlela  , Mahendradatta M , Asfar M
Published: September 2023

Sago (Metroxylon sago) is generally found in central and eastern Indonesia. The nutritional content of sago flour per 100 grams is 94 g of carbohydrates, 0.2 g of protein, 0.2 g of fat, 14 g of water content, and 355 cal of calories. Sago flour also has a low glycemic index of <55. One of the sago product developments is Bagea, typical Sulawesi cookies made from sago that can be fortified with local natural resources such as carrots and snakehead fish flour. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best composition, to determine the chemical characteristics of the bagea products produced after fortification, and to analyze the glycemic index and glycemic load levels of the bagea so that it is safe for consumption by people with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The stages of this study were sample preparation, bagea making with two treatment factors in the form of variations in the concentration of snakehead fish flour (10%, 15%, 20%) and variations in physical treatment in the form of carrots (flour, puree, juice) of 15 grams each. The results obtained were the best formulation of 85% sago flour: 15% snakehead fish flour with fortification treatment of carrot flour, carrot juice, and carrot puree of 15 grams each. The conclusion obtained was that bagea (85% sago flour: 15% snakehead fish flour) with fortification treatment of carrot juice and carrot puree has a high IG category (>70). However, it is still safe to be consumed by DM Type II sufferers with a BG value of 9.44 each for bagea fortification of carrot juice and 9.60 for bagea fortification of carrot puree (low BG<10) if consumed as much as 20grams/serving dose.
Influence of natural resources and infrastructure on travel intention to Tikus Island, Indonesia
Authors: Novanda R R , Wibowo H E , Khaliqi Mu , Sinaga F H , Darmansyah D , Amiruddin A , Rani Mellya Sari I.
Published: September 2023

Business opportunities in the field of marine tourism on Tikus Island are very potential. So it is important to analyze how the intention of visitors in traveling to Tikus Island is to describe business opportunities and business opportunity strategies. Intentions show how interested visitors are and how infrastructure and resource factors influence it. So that business opportunities can be analyzed from the factors forming the intensity of tourism on Tikus Island. The research was conducted in the city of Bengkulu, namely the coastal pier for the Tikus Island. The research location was chosen purposively because this location is a gathering place for visitors who will go to the Tikus Island. The sampling method is based on accidental sampling. Respondents in this study were those who have visited or will visit Tikus Island. The number of research respondents was 100 people according to the standard analysis tool Model-Partial Least Square analysis (SEM-PLS). The sampling method is based on accidental sampling. Based on the results of data processing, it was found that infrastructure and natural resourcess has a significant effect on travel intention to Tikus Island. Exploring small Islands through marine tourism involves traveling to areas that are still natural and largely unpolluted or disturbed. The entire infrastructure must be prepared in the framework of tourism development. Infrastructure development needs to start right away. This is due to the fact that infrastructure is crucial to company continuity. The presence of complete facilities can affect visitor satisfaction.
Farmers’ perceptions of the accessibility of cattle feed in Aceh Tamiang Regency
Authors: Yusriani Yenni , Usrina Nora , Fitriawaty  , Hayanti Sari Yanti , Fadhlirrahman Latief M.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine the accessibility of the ease or difficulty of cow farmers in obtaining animal feed. The research was conducted in Air Tenang Village, Karang Baru District, Aceh Tamiang Regency, Aceh Province, from January-December 2019. The method of purposive sampling is a method of taking with a specific purpose, considering that the breeder’s sample has the necessary information for its research. Respondents were thirty-five farmers, with the provision of ownership of 3-5 cow, and had at least two years of breeding experience. Accessibility to the observed feed source is related to the origin of the feed, the distance of the location of the feed source and or travel time, the purchase of feed, the availability of labour and the time required to find feed. The results of the study are reported descriptively. The results showed that the average of the five changes observed, namely the origin of the feed, distance and travel time, labour availability, and time for finding and purchasing feed, obtained a consecutive score of 0.79; 0.78 ; 0.83; 0.80 and 0.83 with a total score of 4.02. From the results of the study conducted, it was found that accessibility to cow feed sources in Air Tenang Village, Karang Baru District, Tamiang Regency was categorized as easy.
Methane gas emissions (CH4) in paddy fields in Minasatene District, Pangkep Regency: Microbial abundance against increased methane gas
Authors: Fadlilah A , Jayadi M , Nathan M
Published: September 2023

Global warming caused by various human activities results in increased concentrations of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This causes the problem of climate change. One of the sources of Indonesia’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comes from the agricultural sector. Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas and has a global warming potential 25 times greater than CO2. Paddy fields contribute to GHG emissions due to the condition of the rice fields which are always flooded which produce gases such as CO2, N2O and Methane (CH4). This study aims to determine the effect of microbial abundance on increasing emissions of methane gas (CH4) in paddy fields. This research was conducted by collecting samples in the field with variations at 30th, 60th, and 90th day after planting (DAP). The results of laboratory analysis showed that the results of C-Organic analysis were 1.45-2.56%, the results of soil microbial abundance analysis for the total bacterial population ranged from 1.2 x 104 - 6.3 x 105 (CFU/g) and the results of analysis flux of CH4 at 30thDAP sampling from the three sample points ranged from 2.13 - 11.29 (mg/m2/hour). For the 60thDAP sample from the three sample points it ranges from 10.01 - 22.77 (mg/m2/hour). For the 90thDAP sample from the three sample points it ranges from 21.98 - 25.54 (mg/m2/hour). The results of the analysis of methane (CH4) emissions in one growing season show different values of methane emissions at different locations and sampling times.
The use of waste bones of rabbitfish (Siganus sp.) for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite
Authors: Fendi F , Abdullah B , Suryani S , Raya I , Tahir D
Published: September 2023

This study obtained hydroxyapatite (HA) material by extracting waste bones from rabbitfish (Siganus sp.). The fish bones used are obtained from the waste bones of rabbitfish (Siganus sp.); besides being readily available in nature, they also reduce unwanted environmental impacts. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were used to analyze the hydroxyapatite (HA) produced by the sintering process. Samples produced at sintering temperatures of 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C, and 1000 °C had stoichiometric molar ratios of (Ca/P) that were, respectively, 1.728, 1.875, 1.759, 1.758, and 1.696. These results are consistent with the hydroxyapatite stoichiometric ratio (Ca/P = 1.67), and SEM was used to examine the measurement morphology of hydroxyapatite. This study reveals that bone waste from rabbitfish can be a source of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.