bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRC Nuclear Energy — Exploration & Exploitation — past developments and future trends
Authors: Hahn Bradley
Published: January 2017

Since the 1950's a comprehensive nuclear development program has been in effect. Recently, and especially since 1988 when industrial restructuring brought peaceful uses of nuclear energy into the new Ministry of Energy Resources, there has been increased emphasis on its use for power generating.

Proven reserves of uranium are said to be sufficient to fuel pressurized reactors with a total capacity of 15,000 MW for 30 years. By the early 90's China will have 2,100 MWinstalled electrical generating capacity from nuclear sources. Reportedly, capacity is planned to expand to 10,000 MW by the next century. An estimated 25% of the planned output will be with imported equipment.

China has comprehensive programs for nuclear materials procressing, enhanced radiation development, irradiation processes, research in physics, aerospace applications and waste processing.
The Impact of New Technologies on Nigeria's Oil Reserves
Authors: Aina Adebayo
Published: January 2017

Two key technological developments in petroleum exploration - three dimensional seismic survey (3-D Seismic) and integrated seismic interpretation workstations - have led to significant discoveries of oil and gas in the various Nigerian oil provinces where they have been introduced. These new technologies were introduced in Nigeria in the mid-1980s and have since resulted in significant additions to the country's proven crude oil and natural gas reserves.
Oil in the Commonwealth of Independent States
Authors: Shultz Chuck E.
Published: January 2017

The CIS oilpatch is experiencing decline and disarray. Underlying problems which contribute to this downturn cannot be solved without massive investment, which is unlikely in the near term. However, the CIS still offers opportunity for prudent, long-term Western investment. KomiArticOil, a joint venture between Gulf Canada, British Gas and local Russian energy associations, has operated in the Komi Republic since December 1991.
Crude Prices – Is Opec Relevant?
Authors: Verleger Philip K.
Published: January 2017

The next OPEC meeting will occur on the 20th anniversary of the first oil shock. While the 1993 meeting is unlikely to be as dramatic as the 1973 one, its long-run outcome could be just as great. Indeed, this meeting could mark another anniversary – the end of OPEC's influence on crude oil prices.

Oil-exporting nations are in deep trouble. A global recession is suppressing consumption growth and frustrating exporter attempts to boost prices. Financial conditions in exporting nations have deteriorated so much that the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has attempted to lower Saudi Arabia's credit rating. Political stability in at least three OPEC nations is precarious.

Future prospects for oil exporters appear even bleaker. New production from several satellites of the former Soviet Union (FSU) will reach the market within a few years, limiting the increase in OPEC sales, and the FSU's incremental output will be augmented by much larger exports from Iraq, where multinational oil companies may once again play a large role in developing Middle Eastern oil.

An oil price surge resulting from turmoil in Nigeria will, ironically, only serve to emphasize OPEC's loss of influence. When a cartel-like organization breaks down, the result is usually lower and more volatile prices, and so political or physical production disruptions have a greater impact on volumes supplied. In the future, these disruptions will occur more often because of the worsening financial situation in exporting countries.
Venezuelan Gas Development
Authors: Michael Harry A.
Published: January 2017

Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA) is an international energy corporation wholly owned by the Republic of Venezuela, whose principal areas of activity are petroleum, bitumen, natural gas, coal and petrochemicals. The steady expansion of PDVSA's NATURAL GAS INFRASTRUCTURE IN Venezuela and the strong performance of its subsidiaries, has contributed to increase its operational and marketing flexibility, thus allowing it to evolve from a simple exporter of crude oil and refined products to an important supplier of Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) to the world's major energy markets. In this respect Corpoven one of PDVSA's affiliated Companies has made considerable progress with the expansion of its Eastern Venezuela Cryogenic Complex. In 1994 it will produce an incremental volume of 45 thousand barrels per day of natural gas liquids from gas pipe in from northern Monagas region. Also, it has programmed the installation of two other Criogenic Plants in the next ten years, and as a result NGL exports are expected to increase from 175 thousand barrels day in 1994 to 232 thousand barrels day in 1998. Plans are also well underway for Venezuela to become a major exporter of LNG towards the turn of the century. More specifically, at the end of 1992, another PDVSA subsidiary, Lagoven, reached an agreement with Exxon, Shall and Mitsubishi to develop the Cristobal Colon LNG project, which calls for the exploitation of vast reserves of natural gas located in the Gulf of Paria, in northeastern Venezuela. The projected LNG production is in the order of 6 million tons per year.
Continuous Signaling within Partitions: Capital Structure and the FIFO/LIFO Choice
Authors: Hughes Patricia J. , Schwartz Eduardo S. , Thakor Anjan V.
Published: January 2017

This paper considers a setting in which managers have private information about the values of their firms and can communicate it to uninformed investors through the use of two signals: capital structure and inventory accounting method. We show conditions under which a separating equilibrium with debt alone does not exist. The two-signal equilibrium involves a partitioned separation in which the highest quality firms choose FIFO and the lower quality firms choose LIFO, and all firms then distinguish themselves within these two partitions through capital structure choices. The analysis helps to explain the many observed empirical regularities about firms' capital structure choices and LIFO/FIFO choices and, in addition, produces numerous testable predictions about the relation between capital structure and inventory accounting method.
Studies of the Toxicity of an Intravenous Fat Emulsion. II. Blood Chemical Changes After Administration of a Soybean Oil (FE‐S15) in Beagles
Authors: Reimold Ekkehard W.
Published: January 2017

Biochemical changes were monitored during fat infusion as part of an evaluation of the toxicity that accompanies the intravenous administration of a new soybean oil emulsion in dogs. Beagles were given FE‐S15 at 9 and 4 g/kg/day for 28 days via a central venous catheter. The total serum lipid, triglyceride, and phospholipid concentrations of the animals receiving fat in high doses increased 3 to 4 times in comparison to that of the control group; cholesterol increased 5 times. The rise of serum lipid fractions was proportionally smaller in animals receiving the low dose fat infusion. All values returned to the control range 2 wks after termination of the infusion. The serum protein level fell from 6.5 to 5.1 g/dl in animals given 9 g/kg/day fat while animals receiving 4 g/kg/day had a significant increase to 8.4.g/dl (day 27). In comparison with the control groups, the animals receiving low dose fat infusion also had a significant rise in serum albumin and, to a lesser degree, in α and β globulins. A rise in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in all dogs receiving fat infusion, but was significantly different from the controls only in animals on high dose fat infusion. None of the other monitored biochemical serum values were affected by the administered fat and there was no evidence of disturbance in liver function.
Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Depletion after Surgical Injury
Authors: Faintuch Joel , Faintuch Jacob J. , Machado Marcel C. C. , Raia Arrigo A.
Published: January 2017

Triceps skinfold (TS), arm muscle circumference (AMC) and body weight (BW) were studied prospectively in 20 adults, admitted for elective operations on the digestive tract, in order to evaluate these anthropometric parameters in planned surgical procedures performed in non‐critically ill, non‐stressed patients. Mean duration of the preoperative period was 19.2 days (range 1–38), and of the postoperative period, 14.1 days (range 6–31). Mean changes for BW were, respectively, ‐0.2% and ‐2.5%, AMC decreased ‐0.5% before operation and ‐3.4% afterwards, and TS was reduced to ‐1.9% in the preoperative phase, and to ‐8.4% postoperatively. These results are consistent with minimal anthropometric changes during the presurgical stay, with more striking decreases after operative injury. Postoperative findings were further examined in relationship to degree of surgical trauma and length of postoperative hospitalization. After the arbitrary selection of a 10% reduction as the limit for significant decrease in any of the analysed parameters, the percentage of impaired measurements was determined in the sub‐groups of medium and large operations, two consecutive procedures, as well as postoperative stay of 6 to 14 days, 15 to 21 days, and over 3 wks. Decreased parameters comprised 6.0% (2/33) of the observations after moderate surgical manipulation, 27.7% (5/18) after serious trauma, and 66.6% (6/9) after two operations. Similarly they represented 2.7% (1/36) of the findings in patients discharged within 2 weeks, 33.3% (4/12) in those staying between 2–3 weeks, and 66.6% (8/12) in the cases remaining for longer periods. Despite the limited sensitivity of anthropometric parameters in the detection of acute moderate changes in body constitution, they were useful in separating the patients undergoing medium surgical injury from those subjected to more severe metabolic stress, when only changes greater than 10% of initial value were considered.
Preparing General Education Pre-Service Teachers for Inclusion: Web-Enhanced Case-Based Instruction
Authors: Andrews Lanna
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the use of Web-enhanced instruction and an inclusion teaching case to teach pre-service teachers to adapt instruction for included limited English proficient students with disabilities. Forty participants, in 10 cooperative learning groups, analyzed the teaching case and developed an adapted lesson plan for the teacher in the case to use with the whole class and the students with disabilities. The collaborating teacher provided feedback regarding the adapted lessons online using WebCT. The participants redid the lesson after feedback. Adapted lessons were analyzed using the Adapted Lesson Analysis Guide. The analysis revealed that intense, elaborated adaptations were developed as a result of the feedback. The participants also completed the Case On-Line Project Survey and a written reflection regarding their perceptions of the project and its outcomes.
Book and Software Review
Authors: Wissick Cheryl
Published: January 2017

In this column, Windy Schweder, doctoral student at the University of South Carolina has reviewed the possibilities of wearable technology for persons with disabilities. Ms. Schweder became interested in wearable technology in 1999 and pursued the use of it as a study for her dissertation. In Spring 2000, she submitted a grant to Xybernaut ( http://www.xybernaut.com ) for the study of wearable computer and multimedia technologies. In Fall 2000, she was provided a MA IV Deluxe computer. Given the futurist nature of wearable technology, I asked Ms. Schweder to discuss wearable technology and compare it to personal digital assistants (PDAs).
Effects of Video-Based and Applied Problems on the Procedural Math Skills of Average- and Low-Achieving Adolescents
Authors: Bottge Brian A. , Heinrichs Mary , Chan Shih-Yi , Mehta Zara Dee , Watson Elizabeth
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of video-based, anchored instruction and applied problems on the ability of 11 low-achieving (LA) and 26 average-achieving (AA) students to solve computation and word problems. A repeated-measures design with staggered baselines was used to compare the performance of two groups of LA students and one group of AA students across three instructional conditions: (a) baseline instruction, (b) anchored instruction, and (c) instruction with applied problems. The performance of all three groups was higher during anchored instruction than during the baseline condition, but no differences were found between instruction with applied problems and the baseline condition. Qualitative analyses revealed that some LA students made fewer errors on computation and word problems during the anchored condition, whereas other students continued to make the same procedural mistakes. The findings suggest that some LA students can improve their procedural math skills as they work on solving engaging problems but other students need more explicit instruction to improve their computation skills and basic math understanding.
Effects of Computer-Based Cognitive Mapping on Reading Comprehension for Students with Emotional Behavior Disorders
Authors: Blankenship Tracy L. , Ayres Kevin M. , Langone John
Published: January 2017

Three students with behavior disorders who exhibited difficulty with reading in content area courses learned to use a computer program to create cognitive maps of the reading material required for class. Using a modified multiple-probe design across behaviors or stimulus sets, replicated across students, allowed for the evaluation of student performance on written and oral quizzes covering content area information. All students improved reading comprehension of content material with this intervention, and were able to read their textbooks independent of teacher assistance or tutelage. These findings are significant because students who previously struggled with learning class material from text-based presentation can successfully accomplish these tasks given cognitive mapping reading strategy and access to a computer to create the cognitive maps.
The Impact of Cognitive Organizers and Technology-Based Practices on Student Success in Secondary Social Studies Classrooms
Authors: Boon Richard T. , Burke Mack D. , Fore Cecil , Spencer Vicky G.
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the impact of cognitive organizers, with the integration of technology, Inspiration 6 software, compared to a traditional textbook instruction format on content-area learning in high school inclusive social studies classes. Twenty-nine tenth-grade students in general education and 20 students with mild disabilities were randomly assigned to receive instruction using a cognitive organizer or traditional textbook instruction format. A pretest/posttest treatment control group design was used to examine the effectiveness of cognitive organizers. Dependent measures included a 35-item open-ended production pre/posttest of declarative social studies knowledge to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Students in the cognitive organizer condition significantly outperformed students in the traditional textbook instruction condition. Limitations of the study, implications for practice for both general and special education teachers, and future research are discussed.
Making India Globally Competitive
Authors: Sheth Jagdish
Published: January 2017

The fast-paced economic and political changes across the world are forcing India to be more globally-oriented. This paper traces these global changes in a historical perspective and examines how India can be integrated into the global economy. It discusses the primary growth engines at different phases of the world growth cycle and suggests the main area around which there is a need to reengineer the country for global competitiveness. While Western Europe and the US/Canada engineered the 18th and the 19th century growth respectively, the author sees the large emerging nations as the 21st century growth engines and purchasing power parity (PPP) as the new measure of economic growth.

As India integrates into the world economy, there is a need for it to reposition itself as a country. From the domestic-oriented, self-sufficient license raj, it has come a long way to become a globally-oriented economy focusing on those key sectors of the economy where it has a resource advantage over other nations. The objective is to offer better products at lower prices. Exports to the most demanding markets, after all, are the key to success for a globally competitive economy. To achieve this objective, India needs to reengineer itself in the following areas: Industrial policy through ideology-free policy; privatization of public enterprises; incentives for quality; innovation and productivity; employment through growth; intellectual property rights; and environment policy. International trade through convertible currency anchored to dollar; target exports to selective markets; balanced trade with anchor partners; and focus on selective exports based on comparative advantage. Domestic industry through industry consolidation for scale efficiency; globalization of domestic markets; investment in quality and innovation; process reengineering; and reduction in unorganized sector. National infrastructure through upgradation of transport and logistics; information infrastructure capital markets; financial institutions; special economic zones and energy reliability.

Of these, domestic infrastructure is the weakest link. The Indian industries must reposition themselves from the diversified domestic corporations to focused global enterprises. To be a global hub, they need quality and reputation and must, therefore invest in design and research, create brand equity, increase productivity, leverage human capital, get access to low cost capital, and organize global supply chain. The author concludes with the following observations: India is destined to become a major economic power in the 21s century. India's future, however, will depend on the geopolitical realignment of nations and the emergence of ‘triad’ markets. Design is a very strong competitive advantage for India. Public enterprises should not be disinvested and should instead be encouraged to go global along with the private enterprises not just through exports but through mergers and acquisitions. The Indian industries must reposition themselves from the diversified domestic corporations to focused global enterprises.
Brand Relationships and Switching Behaviour for Highly Used Products in Young Consumers
Authors: Sahay Arvind , Sharma Nivedita
Published: January 2017

Consumer-brand relationships is an evolving area of study. The purpose of this study is to: establish that brand relationships postulated in the literature exist along all dimensions for young consumers in the emerging market context investigate the influence of peers, family, and brand relationships on switching intentions amongst young consumers examine the impact of price changes on switching intentions in the context of brand relationships.

This is an empirical study focusing on the brand relationships amongst young consumers in the age range of 13 to 25 years in an emerging economy. Data were collected from 214 respondents from the SEC A and B categories in a city in Western India through a questionnaire administered in the presence of the researchers. The results indicate that: young consumers do form relationships with brand(s) on all the six dimensions of consumer brand relationship that have been postulated in the literature love and passion dimension of brand relationship is stronger amongst teenagers as compared to young adults.

The second part of the paper looks at the influence of the social groups like family and peers on the switching behaviour in presence of brand relationship dimensions where, we found that family has a relatively stronger influence than peers. Finally, it looks at the effect of price comparison on brand relationship. It is found that consumers do compare price irrespective of how strong the brand relationship is. This may be an artifact of the higher price consciousness in the Indian environment that is found amongst consumers across income groups. The future directions and limitations are discussed at the end.
Establishing A Framework of Transformational Grassroots Military Leadership: Lessons from High-Intensity, High-Risk Operational Environments
Authors: Bangari Ravindra Singh
Published: January 2017

Today's institutions and organizations, especially, the military in the recent security scenario, are faced with complex, dynamic, and turbulent environments. This empirical study, based on operational military environments, draws upon contextual learning through grounded research, which could hold prescriptive guidelines for leaders required to operate in extreme contexts. The research specifically studies junior and middle level military leadership in “high-intensity, high-risk operational combat environments” over extended time duration, as they go about establishing transformational paradigms to face up to their professional demands.

From this empirical research-in-progress, a nine-factor leader framework emerges, which defines successful grassroots transformational leadership appropriate for this emerging environment, characterized by increasing complexity of work-environment, changing nature of team-/collaborative- work, and the followers� needs for affiliation, achievement, and empowerment.

The emergent leader framework enumerates the following characteristics for a successful leader: Strive for professional excellence and competence in team-building �Grounded� visionary Lead by personal example Empower the subordinates Sincerity of purpose Impeccable moral integrity Genuine care and concern for the command Compassionate approach towards all in general Self-sacrificing and self-effacing personal qualities.

The findings incorporate a large variety of converging and overlapping behaviours at multiple levels, seeking to engage the followers continuously towards professional excellence, greater empowerment, and self-leadership.

The paper concludes that both leadership and followership are in the process of being fundamentally redefined, egged on by the curious mix of technological progress and social change, emerging environmental turbulence, and increasing individual selfawareness. It also proposes a measurement instrument for further operationalization of the leader framework. One promising direction for future investigation is the study of emerging leader frameworks in the context of wider social and cultural change.
Impact of Organizational Culture on Commitment of Employees: An Empirical Study of BPO Sector in India
Authors: Dwivedi Sulakshna , Kaushik Sanjay , Luxmi
Published: January 2017

Retention of employees has become a critical issue in the corporate arena. With the increasing trend of frequent job switching among employees, it is a big challenge for HR Managers today to fulfill the aspirations of each and every employee and to bring congruence between organizational and individual goals. In the BPO sector of India where attrition rate is as high as 55 percent (ASSOCHAM, 2011), the situation is even more difficult for HR Managers.

But the big question is how to make employees feel committed to their organizations especially in such a dynamic work environment where attrition rate is so high and job poaching is the order of the day. An extensive review of literature reveals that employees' ‘commitment‘ to the organization is a function of their interaction and relationship with that organization and, to a great extent, a manifestation of the attitude of management towards the employees. This belief is based on the premise that member's identity with the organization is a result of a set of carefully designed policies within the cultural pattern of the organization.

An attempt has been made in this research to study the BPO sector to see whether the organizational culture and commitment level of employees differ across the different strata of employees in the BPO sector and finally to explore the relationship between organizational culture and commitment. The research was carried out in 15 BPO units in and around Chandigarh — Chandigarh, Panchkula, and Mohali which covered three strata of BPO units based on the number of employees and from all the three level of employees, i.e. top, middle, and lower level of employees.

Results reveal that employees of smaller BPOs perceive their culture a shade better than medium or larger BPOs. And, as far as overall commitment is concerned, employees of smaller BPOs have significantly more commitment level than employees of medium or larger BPOs. As organizational culture is better in smaller BPOs and so is the commitment, these findings give us a cue that organizational culture has definite impact on commitment of employees. Further results reveal that commitment of employees is particularly sensitive to six dimensions of organizational culture viz. proaction, confrontation, trust, authenticity, experimentation, and collaboration. But, the results failed to support the relationship between autonomy and openness with commitment. Further, findings reveal that the focal point in the development of any strategy is directed towards impacting the commitment of employees towards their organizations
Coping with a Vibration Exposed Workforce
Authors: McGeoch Kenneth L.
Published: January 2017

In view of legislation, including European Community Directives and Health and Safety Guidance Notes, companies with vibration exposed workforce require to have a policy to meet these demands.

It is important to have a clear order of priorities when instituting such a policy. The introduction of medical surveillance should not be the first action.

A written policy should include several sections. These are:- identification and assessment of the hazard, steps which can be taken to obviate or mitigate the risk, creation of awareness of this risk and finally medical surveillance of exposed workers to monitor the effectiveness of the policy.

Each of these sections is examined. The Stockholm Classification is discussed and the use of objective tests, to aid accurate staging of employees with symptoms, is considered in detail.
Monte Carlo Calculation: Thermodynamic Functions in Zeolites. I. Theoretical Fundamentals
Authors: Fiedler K. , Grauert B.
Published: January 2017

A Monte Carlo method for calculating thermodynamic functions of zeolitic adsoption systems is presented, which is different from the method of Metropolis et al. (1949; 1953). The method is based on emphasizing sampling strategy for representing the canonical measure by means of a trajectory averaging. The method allows the calculation of free energy, energy and other derived thermodynamic functions directly from the histogram as well as the calculation of the empirical dispersion and the bias.
Equilibrium Adsorption of Two-Component Organic Solutes from Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbon
Authors: Seidel A. , Reschke G. , Friedrich S. , Gelbin D.
Published: January 2017

The adsorption equilibria of the mixtures phenol-indol, indol- p-nitrophenol ( pNP), α-picoline-phenol from aqueous solution on activated carbon, mainly Hydraffin 71 and BHT 023/82 have been studied. Significant displacement of one solute by the other was observed. The designation of the more strongly adsorbed component depends on the relative concentration of the two solutes in the mixture and on the pH. Predictive equations for calculating mixture equilibria solely on the basis of single solute isotherms do not agree well with the experimental values; the introduction of empirical parameters determined by curve-fitting is necessary. A multi-Redlich-Peterson equation is derived, which yields a satisfactory representation of most of the present binary solute adsorption data.
Mathematical and Experimental Modelling of Adsorption in Fixed Bed. II. Experimental Investigation of Nonisothermal Single Solute Adsorption and a Priori Adsorber Simulation
Authors: Rajniak P. , Ilavský J.
Published: January 2017

The adsorption separation process of n-heptane on a molecular sieve in a fixed bed adsorber is investigated. Experimental concentration and temperature breakthrough curves are obtained using different gas inlet concentration and temperature, different bed length and gas mixture flow rate. The mentioned experimental data are simulated a priori by means of a two-phase mathematical model. The model parameter values used in the simulations are estimated either through available semiempirical correlations or by independent experimental runs. An example of predicted and experimental concentration and temperature breakthrough curves comparison is presented.
Comparative Study of Backpropagation and Improved Counterpropagation Neural Nets in Structural Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Kaveh A. , Iranmanesh A.
Published: January 2017

The present paper, describes the applications of two artificial neural networks, namely the backpropagation neural net (BPN) and the improved counterpropagation neural net (CPN) to the analysis and design of large scale space structures. Different aspects of these nets and parameters affecting the performance of each net is investigated. Two examples are studied, both of which are oriented towards structural optimization. A comparison is made on the performance of these nets The improved CPN is trained faster than BPN, especially when large scale problems are involved. The responses of BPN and improved CPN are compared for the same input.
Investigation into a New Type of Multi-Reciprocal Grid
Authors: Saidani M. , Baverel O. , Cross-Rudkin P.S.M.
Published: January 2017

The paper investigates the behaviour of a new type of space structure. The new multi-reciprocal grid (MRG) structure is generated by mutually supporting members with only two members intersecting at any time. Although the concept itself is very old, it has been extended to create a variety of fascinating three-dimensional grids. A scientific basis for the generation of the geometry of these grids is established and discussed. The new structure is demountable, transportable, and quick to re-assemble. The new structure may be particularly useful in emergency situations where rapid construction of shelters is needed.
Spontaneous Lesions in the Aorta of the Common Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus)
Authors: Wright L. J.
Published: January 2017

The intimal surface of the aortic arch of 16 of 20 male common brown hares and 10 of 14 females had raised pale yellow to grey-white plaques up to 6 mm in diameter. These lesions were characterised by necrosis and calcification mainly in the tunica media and were not related to the age of the hares. In the hare this vascular disease may develop after injury to the connective tissue during obliteration of the ductus arteriosus. Although these aortic lesions were not the ‘spontaneous’ atherosclerotic variety they were morphologically similar to those in rabbits.
Cutaneous Neoplasms in Dogs Associated with Canine Oral Papillomavirus Vaccine
Authors: Bregman C. L. , Hirth R. S. , Sundberg J. P. , Christensen E. F.
Published: January 2017

A spectrum of proliferative cutaneous lesions occurred in 12 dogs at the injection site of live canine oral papillomavirus (COP) vaccine, suggesting a viral etiology for the masses. Lesions included epidermal hyperplasia, epidermal cysts, squamous papilloma, basal cell epithelioma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of tumor sections revealed nuclei which stained for group-specific papillomavirus antigen in five of 12 masses. Electron microscopic examination of tumor sections did not reveal virions. In transmission studies, macerated tumor tissue did not produce oral papillomas on the scarified mucosa of puppies; this procedure did protect the puppies from development of lesions when challenged with infectious papilloma material. These findings are evidence that COP can induce hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions in sites other than oral, pharyngeal, and ocular mucosa.
Cutaneous Lymphosarcoma of Helper/Inducer T-Cell Origin in a Calf
Authors: Zwahlen R. D. , Tontis A. , Schneider A.
Published: January 2017

A calf with a lymphoproliferative disease resembling human mycosis fungoides, had multiple, ulcerated skin nodules with enlarged regional lymph nodes. Tumor cells were 10–15 μm in diameter and had round to oval nuclei without indentations. Mitoses were regularly present. Pautrier's microabscesses were in the epidermis, and T-cell areas of regional lymph nodes were infiltrated by neoplastic cells. Demonstration of the T-helper/inducer origin of neoplastic lymphocytes suggested classification in analogy with human mycosis fungoides.
Canine Ovarian Neoplasms: A Clinicopathologic Study of 71 Cases, Including Histology of 12 Granulosa Cell Tumors
Authors: Patnaik A. K. , Greenlee P. G.
Published: January 2017

In a retrospective study of 71 primary ovarian tumors in the dog, epithelial tumors (46%) were more common than sex cord stromal (34%) and germ cell tumors (20%). There were more adenocarcinomas (64%) than adenomas. Sex cord stromal tumors were equally divided into Sertoli-Leydig (12/24) and granulosa cell tumors (12/24). There were equal numbers (7/14) of dysgerminomas and teratomas among the germ cell tumors. Most teratomas (6/7) were malignant. Most granulosa cell tumors were solid; two were mostly cystic. Patterns included sheets of round and ovoid to spindle-shaped cells separated by thin, fibrovascular stroma; neoplastic cells formed rosettes or Call-Exner bodies. In some areas, neoplastic cells were in cords or columns and formed cyst-like structures. Four granulosa cell tumors were macrofollicular, having cysts lined with granulosa cells. Median ages of dogs with different ovarian neoplasms were similar; all were more than 10 years old, except the dogs with teratoma (mean age, 4 years). Most neoplasms were unilateral (84%), except the Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, many of which were bilateral (36%). Size of ovarian neoplasms varied (2 cm3 to 15,000 cm3). Twenty-nine percent of neoplasms metastasized; adenocarcinomas (48%) and malignant teratomas (50%) had the highest rates, and distant metastasis was more common in malignant teratoma. Endometrial hyperplasia was in 67% of the dogs; it was most common in dogs with sex cord stromal tumors (95%). Uterine malignancy was not seen in dogs with granulosa cell tumors, although hyperplastic endometrium was in all dogs with this tumor. Cysts in the contralateral ovaries were most common in dogs with sex cord stromal tumors.
The Land of Milk and Honey
Authors: Levine Etan
Published: January 2017

Although the familiar phrase ‘a land oozing milk and honey’ is traditionally understood as being a hyperbolic description of lush fertility, this study attempts to demonstrate that it is a meliorative expression signifying uncultivated land. Such topography is well suited for pasturing, but not for agriculture. This unirrigated land produces natural vegetation according to the vicissitudes of annual precipitation, thereby allowing only a tenuous subsistence economy. Although ‘a land oozing milk and honey’ is markedly superior to wilderness regions, it is markedly inferior to irrigated agricultural areas. Consequently, rather than being an invariable blessing, a ‘milk and honey’ economy in biblical literature frequently signifies the aftermath of catastrophe and the disruption of a thriving agricultural society. It is the very precariousness of the ‘land oozing milk and honey’ that makes Israel's obeying its Covenant with God an absolute necessity for continued survival in the Promised Land. The phrase is invariably used with reference or allusion to the Covenant, for Israel's subsistence is conditional upon its ongoing loyalty and God's reciprocal bestowal of rainfall to assure the natural vegetation required to sustain life.
Wills, Inheritance and the Moral Order in the 17Th-Century Agenais
Authors: Hanlon Gregory , Carruthers Elspeth
Published: January 2017

Local custom regulating successoral practice is inadequate when confronted with the testaments themselves. With a sample of 313 wills from the confessionally mixed community of Layrac-en-Brulhois, France, (1606–1707) the authors distinguish the different patterns of succession and link them to the social attitudes of which they are the instrument, underlining the basic coherence and unity of local practice across time and across confessional and social boundaries. The flexibility allowed individual testators was used to protect the elderly foremost, to enhance individuals' welfare over estate consolidation, and to mete out justice in a world of dearth and insecurity.
New Evidence on the Timing of Early Life Course Transitions
Authors: Stevens David A.
Published: January 2017

This article is a description and analysis of the timing of early life course transitions in the twentieth century. Using data from national microdata samples of the census for 1900, 1910, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980, the study investigates the timing of seven transitions to adulthood, relationships between pairs of transitions, and how changes in these patterns affected the behavior of several population subgroups. The results show that youth in the second half of the century made the transition to adulthood earlier and followed a more prescribed and compressed schedule of transitions than their early-twentieth-century counterparts. The period of greatest change came after the Second World War, but by 1980 the trend toward earlier and increasingly age-graded familial transitions appeared to have reversed. Between 1900 and 1980 there is also a homogenization of experience among subgroups.
Women's Unpaid Labour in Neo-Liberal India
Authors: Mazumdar Indrani
Published: January 2017

This paper explores trends in women's unpaid labour across the national employment surveys of 1993-1994, 1999-2000 and 2004. It argues that unpaid labour by women in production constitutes an important element in understanding how restricted employment opportunities have affected women across the period of neo4iberal reforms in India. It shows how employment trends and patterns in recent times appear to have thrown up many socially regressive trends in the sphere of women's work.
(MIS) Representing the Dalit Woman: Reification of Caste and Gender Stereotypes in the Hindi Didactic Literature of Colonial India
Authors: Gupta Charu
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the complex social and literary narratives that functioned in the name of the Dalit woman in late colonial north India. It does so by scrutinizing a literary genre of the period, namely didactic literature and domestic manuals in Hindi, which principally addressed themselves to middle class, high caste Hindu women. However, this paper examines ways in which Dalit women got represented in this literature, as that became a potent ground for identity formation and social positioning for upper caste Hindus. The Dalit woman here was not just a footnote, but a constitutive footnote, perceived in a binary opposition to the upper caste woman. In different ways this literature and the material culture around it was involved with a gendered casteist discourse committed to constructing, and in fact institutionalizing, stable categories of pativratas (ideal wives) and kutnis (vamps). Through the lens of representation, this paper attempts to highlight the grave mismatch between rhetoric and reality. Further, an exploration of this genre reveals that the representation of women was sharply divided along caste and class lines, reinforcing not just a caste hierarchy but a female hierarchy among upper caste and Dalit women.
Patriarchies of the Community: Women and Oral Traditions in Verrier Elwin's The Baiga
Authors: Prasad Archana
Published: January 2017

Debates in environmental and tribal studies have often posited the egalitarian community as a democratic alternative against the modern state. One of the characteristics of these alternatives has been the idea that tribal women enjoy high status and freedom of choice as compared with the women of caste Hindu societies. However, many of these depictions are based on interpretations of earlier anthropological documentation of tribal practices and tradition. Therefore, an evaluation of the status of tribal women within the community requires an interrogation of these texts and the traditions that they record. In this context this essay interrogates Verrier Elwin ‘s The Baiga to analyse the status of Baiga women and the patriarchal processes to which they are subjected. It argues that the oral traditions can themselves act as devices for the legitimating patriarchal power within the community and that the process of recording of such traditions can make the anthropologist a catalyst in this process.
Debating Women's Health: Reflections in Popular Hindi Print-Culture
Authors: Sharma Madhuri
Published: January 2017

This paper tries to delineate the intervention of ‘educated section’ of Bañaras with Western medicine, scientific knowledge about reproduction, reproductive organs and mechanical means of contraception and the manner in which it was discussed in the public sphere. In this context, this study explores the way women have been represented, shown or projected in the twentieth century in popular Hindi print culture. It further shows how scientific knowledge about reproduction was invoked in public? What were the debates about norms of marriage, procreation and pleasure? For this purpose, this paper examines Premchand's Godan, medical tracts published in Hindi and advertisements of contraceptives and aphrodisiacs placed in Hindi newspapers and journals. It argues that this intervention generated a rich corpus of medical tracts in Hindi which familiarize the scientific notion about body, sex and reproduction among ‘the masses* or those within the broad circumference of a reading public. Nevertheless, their main concern was only about a healthy mate progeny and man ‘s pleasure thus marginalizing woman. The ‘educated section ‘, in their engagement at various levels, sought a new pedagogical role in public life by disseminating this knowledge in paternalistic form to women and married couples. However their primary agenda was to build a ‘strong’, ‘virile' and ‘masculine’ nation. Women were expected to be ‘good’ wives and mothers, and reproduce/nourish healthy male children for this nation. On the basis of our exploration one can perhaps argue that the tracts and the debates opened issues related to sex/sexual pleasure and sexuality to the public domain.
Engendering Citizenship: An Agenda for a Praxis of Citizenship
Authors: Roy Anupama
Published: January 2017

Citizenship's constitutive outsiders denote differential and layered inclusions, signifying the physical and notional boundaries demarcating citizenship. While examining the gendered nature of citizenship which is manifested in layered inclusions, this paper outlines an agenda for democratic citizenship. Engendering citizenship, it proposes, has at its core a practice of citizenship that involves opening up spaces in a public world of action, for continual re-examination of forms and terms of membership. Moving beyond legal-formal frameworks, this paper examines the manner in which ‘people's practices of citizenship’ evolve at the intersection of contending and dialectical practices of citizenship, and particular strands of liberatory citizenship that emerge there from. For a practice of citizenship to emerge at all sites of systemic and structural exclusion and violence, it is important that the public domain of action is reclaimed by citizens. This domain of action which is always potentially ‘there’ gets continually re-constituted as and when the radical ‘people’ articulate themselves in the ‘disturbed zones of citizenship’ as women, workers, dalits, etc., and emerge as citizens, in the process of this articulation.
Serial Notching of the Platysma Bands, Updated
Authors: Saylan Ziya
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

A traditional platysmaplasty almost always results in hardening and scarring at the submental region. In an attempt to avoid these complications, the author has developed a technique for serially notching the platysma bands.

Materials and Methods:

Patients demonstrate their platysma bands so that they can be marked with a distance of 3–4 cm between every incision. After injecting local anesthesia with epinephrine 1 mL to each incision site, a stab incision is made with a number 11 blade horizontal to the platysma band. Multiple incisions are necessary for a better result. The skin must be pinched together with the muscle between the thumb and index finger. The notching is done with an electrocautery and needle and repeated at the sites marked along the muscle. The wounds are covered with sterile dressings.

Results:

Serial notching of platysma bands was performed on 102 patients (10 men [9.8%] and 92 women [90.2%]). Only 5 hematomas (5%) were observed. Apart from the cases of hematoma, the other 97 cases were satisfactory (98%). In 78 cases (76.5%), the doctors also performed an S-lift or a facelift and witnessed better results. In most of the cases (80 cases, 81%), a submental liposuction was also necessary.

Discussion:

This technique alone, or combined with liposuction of the neck and with surgeries of the mid to lower face such as posterior necklift, S-lift, short scar facelift, or a conventional facelift, will eliminate platysma bands, especially in older patients. Since using this technique, we have not been required to perform platysma plication (platysmaplasty). This kind of notching of the platysmal bands is mainly done with liposuction. No special and expensive instruments are required, recovery time is very short, scarring is minimal and the sutures can be removed after a few days. If multiple and serial incisions and notching are done, no depressions and retracted muscles will be palpable or visible. It causes no major swelling and bruising of the neck. Also, only 1 case of hematoma was observed and there were no other complications. This technique is a very good adjuvant to a neck or lower facelift in older patients and in some younger patients Type I, II, and III).
The Effect Of Interviewer Attitude on Survey Cooperation
Authors: Lemay Michael , Durand Claire
Published: January 2017

Research to improve the quality of social surveys has shown that methodological factors have a significant impact on respondent cooperation. The research presented here is inspired by the sociology of work and studies the impact of interviewers' sense of motivation and “self-efficacy” in convincing respondents to answer surveys. To do so, a survey of interviewers working for three private pollsters was conducted during the Canadian federal election campaign of November 2000. The results indicate some evidence of relationships between motivation, sense of self-efficacy (and associated behaviour), and interviewer performance. However, some of the results could be better explained by differences in training. In addition, the lack of a better measure of performance may also explain the weakness of the results. Future studies should examine performance measurement and try take into account how performance changes over time. Surveys, Interviewers, Interviewer Performance, Interviewer Attitudes, Measurement of Interviewer Performance.
Public Relations Education in the UK
Authors: Keen Clive N.
Published: January 2017

This article discusses how higher education and the public relations industry finally did start talking to one another. It shows that both had a great deal to gain from such discussions, but that they still took place more by luck than planning. Finally, it suggests ways in which relations between higher education and new industries could be put on a more systematic basis.
Telecommunication in the Arab World
Authors: Bakry Saad Haj
Published: January 2017

This article considers the question of collaboration between Arab universities and the telecommunication industry, and how this can enhance future telecommunication development in the Arab world.
Strategic Management, Technology Transfer and Licensing
Authors: Fairley Charles
Published: January 2017

As a companion to the previous article this article considers the role of licensing from the point of view of SMEs to show how the identification and uptake of licences can be improved and how licence or technology providers can help this process.