bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis kemampuan menyelesaikan soal HOTS model TIMSS dan kepercayaan diri siswa sekolah menengah pertama
Authors: Mandini Gity Wulang , Hartono Hartono
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan siswa SMP di Kabupaten Wonosobo dalam menyelesaikan soal HOTS model TIMSS dan mendeskripsikan kepercayaan diri siswa SMP di Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survei. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP di Kabupaten Wonosobo pada tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode stratified proportional random sampling dan diperoleh 99 siswa sebagai sampel yang terbagi dalam 4 sekolah, yaitu 1 sekolah kategori tinggi, 2 sekolah kategori sedang, dan 1 sekolah kategori rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan menyelesaikan soal HOTS model TIMSS siswa SMP Kabupaten Wonosobo dalam kategori sedang (85,9%). Selanjutnya dilihat untuk masing-masing indikator dari soal HOTS model TIMSS, indikator memadukan/ mensintesis, menganalisis, memberikan alasan, dan menyelesaikan masalah non-rutin berada pada kategori sedang, hanya terdapat 1 indikator yang berada pada kategori rendah yaitu menggeneralisasi. Sedangkan untuk kepercayaan diri siswa SMP di Kabupaten Wonosobo berada pada kategori sedang (56,6%). Bila dilihat untuk masing-masing aspek, bahwa aspek keyakinan akan kemampuan diri, optimis, objektif, dan bertanggung jawab berada pada kategori sedang, untuk aspek rasional dan realistis berada pada kategori rendah An analysis of junior high school students’ability in solving HOTS model TIMSS and self-confidence AbstractThe purpose of this study were to analyze the ability of junior high school students in Wonosobo to solve the HOTS model TIMSS problem and to describe the self-confidence of junior high school students in Wonosobo. This study was a survey. The population was all 8th grade of Wonosobo Junior High School in the academic year 2016/2017. Sampling used was stratified proportional random sampling method. The samples consisted of 99 students from 4 representative schools, namely 1 school for high category, 2 schools for medium cateogry, and 1school for low category. The results showed that the ability to solve the HOTS model TIMSS problem of junior high school students in Wonosobo was in the medium category (85.9%). Furthermore, for each indicator of HOTS model TIMSS problem, found that indicators integrate/ synthesize, analyze, justify, and solve non-routine problems were in medium category, there was only 1 indicator that in low category that is generalization. As for self-confidence of junior high school students in Wonosobo was in medium category (56.6%). When viewed from each aspects, aspect of belief in self-ability, optimist, objective, and responsible were in medium category, aspect of  rational and realisticis was in low category.
Keterlaksanaan standar proses pada pembelajaran matematika menurut Kurikulum 2013 pada kelas XII SMA Negeri
Authors: Paldi Jaya , Jailani Jailani
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterlaksanaan standar proses pada pembelajaran matematika menurut Kurikulum 2013 pada kelas XII SMA Negeri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed method dengan desain sequential explanatory strategy. Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah guru matematika kelas XII SMA Negeri di Kota Pekanbaru yang menerapkan Kurikulum 2013. Keterlaksanaan standar proses dinilai berdasarkan aspek perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian pembelajaran. Analisis data deskriptif menggunakan kecenderungan keterlaksanaan dalam lima kriteria, yaitu sangat baik, baik, cukup, kurang, dan sangat kurang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlaksanaan standar proses menurut Kurikulum 2013 pada kelas XII SMA Negeri di Kota Pekanbaru ditinjau dari aspek perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian pembelajaran adalah masuk pada kategori baik. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pada aspek perencanaan guru masih mengalami kendala dalam penyusunan lembar kegiatan siswa, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, serta perencanaan alokasi waktu. Pada aspek pelaksanaan pembelajaran, masih terdapat kendala yaitu pada kemauan guru untuk menerapkan pendekatan saintifik, terutama pada tahap menanya dan menalar. Adapun pada aspek penilaian, guru masih mengalami kendala terkait penilaian sikap dan keterampilan. The implementation of process standard in mathematics learning according to the Curriculum 2013 in 12th-grade of public senior high schoolAbstractThis study aimed to describe the implementation of process standard in mathematics learning according to the Curriculum 2013 in 12th-grade of public senior high school. This research was mixed-method research with a sequential explanatory strategy design. Participants in this study were mathematics teachers of 12th-grade of public senior high school in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia who applied the Curriculum 2013. The process standard was assessed based on aspects of planning, implementing, and assessment of learning. Descriptive data analysis used the tendency of implementation in five criteria, namely very good, good, enough, less, and very less. The results showed that the implementation of process standard according to the Curriculum 2013 in class 12th-grade of public senior high school in Pekanbaru City in terms of planning, implementation, and assessment of learning were included in the good category. The results of the study also showed that in the aspect of planning, the teacher was still experiencing problems in the preparation of students’ worksheet, lesson plan, and time allocation planning. In the aspect of implementing learning, there were still obstacles, namely the teacher's willingness to apply a scientific approach, especially at the questioning and reasoning stages. As for the aspects of assessment, teachers still experience obstacles related to the assessment of attitudes and skills.
Problem-solving ability of primary school teachers based on Polya's method in Mataram City
Authors: Maulyda Mohammad Archi , Hidayati Vivi Rachmatul , Rosyidah Awal Nur Khalifatur , Nurmawanti Iva
Published: April 2020

Problem-solving is an important competency that must be owned by students. Problem-solving skills can facilitate students in understanding, connecting, and using mathematical concepts. Even so, mistakes in solving mathematical problems are still made by students. One reason is the lack of habituation of problem-solving in learning mathematics. Teachers who have good problem-solving skills will find it easier to teach and do an activity about problem-solving in learning mathematics. The purpose of this study is to describe the problem-solving ability of primary school teachers based on Polya’s method. This research method is descriptive-qualitative. The research subjects were primary mathematics teachers who taught in Mataram City, Indonesia. Each research subject solved three mathematical problems correctly and the problem-solving process will be analyzed based on Polya's method. The results obtained are teachers from city and suburb schools doing three indicators, namely identifying information on the problem, carrying out the procedure according to plan, and doing calculations correctly. Indicators of problem-solving that are not done are writing problem questions, making mathematical models, and writing final conclusions.Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Guru Sekolah Dasar Berdasarkan Metode Polya di Kota MataramAbstrakPemecahan masalah adalah salah satu kompetensi yang cukup penting. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami, menghubungkan, dan menggunakan konsep-konsep matematika. Meskipun begitu, kesalahan dalam pemecahan masalah matematika masih dilakukan oleh siswa. Salah satu sebabnya adalah kurangnya pembiasan pemecahan masalah pada pembelajaran matematika di sekolah. Guru yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang baik, akan lebih mudah mengajarkan dan membiasakan pemecahan masalah pada pembelajaran matematika di sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada guru SD di Kota Mataram. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah guru matematika SD yang mengajar di pusat dan pinggiran Kota Mataram. Masing-masing subjek penelitian menyelesaikan tiga masalah matematika dengan benar dan akan dianalisis proses penyelesaian masalahnya berdasarkan metode Polya. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah guru dari sekolah kota dan pinggiran melakukan tiga indikator, yakni mengidentifikasi informasi pada masalah, melakukan prosedur penyelesaian sesuai rencana, dan melakukan perhitungan dengan benar. Indikator penyelesaian masalah yang tidak dilakukan adalah  menuliskan pertanyaan masalah, membuat model matematika, dan menuliskan kesimpulan akhir.
Predicting Ectopic Pregnancy Using Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Levels and Main Cause of Infertility in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Treatment: Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Xu Huiyu , Feng Guoshuang , Wei Yuan , Feng Ying , Yang Rui , Wang Liying , Zhang Hongxia , Li Rong , Qiao Jie
Published: April 2020

Background

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a serious complication of assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, there is no acknowledged mathematical model for predicting EP in the ART population.

Objective

The goal of the research was to establish a model to tailor treatment for women with a higher risk of EP.

Methods

From December 2015 to July 2016, we retrospectively included 1703 women whose serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels were positive on day 21 (hCG21) after fresh embryo transfer. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression was used to predict EP, intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), and biochemical pregnancy (BCP).

Results

The variables included in the final predicting model were (hCG21, ratio of hCG21/hCG14, and main cause of infertility). During evaluation of the model, the areas under the receiver operating curve for IUP, EP, and BCP were 0.978, 0.962, and 0.999, respectively, in the training set, and 0.963, 0.942, and 0.996, respectively, in the validation set. The misclassification rates were 0.038 and 0.045, respectively, in the training and validation sets. Our model classified the whole in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection–embryo transfer population into four groups: first, the low-risk EP group, with incidence of EP of 0.52% (0.23%-1.03%); second, a predicted BCP group, with incidence of EP of 5.79% (1.21%-15.95%); third, a predicted undetermined group, with incidence of EP of 28.32% (21.10%-35.53%), and fourth, a predicted high-risk EP group, with incidence of EP of 64.11% (47.22%-78.81%).

Conclusions

We have established a model to sort the women undergoing ART into four groups according to their incidence of EP in order to reduce the medical resources spent on women with low-risk EP and provide targeted tailor-made treatment for women with a higher risk of EP.
The Role of YouTube and the Entertainment Industry in Saving Lives by Educating and Mobilizing the Public to Adopt Behaviors for Community Mitigation of COVID-19: Successive Sampling Design Study
Authors: Basch Charles E , Basch Corey H , Hillyer Grace C , Jaime Christie
Published: April 2020

Background

Effective community mitigation through voluntary behavior change is currently the best way to reduce mortality caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study builds on our prior study based on the scientific premise that YouTube is one of the most effective ways to communicate and mobilize the public in community mitigation to reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Objective

Because of the rapidly changing nature of YouTube in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a follow-up study to document how coverage of preventive behaviors for effective community mitigation has changed.

Methods

A successive sampling design was used to compare coverage of behaviors to mitigate community transmission of COVID-19 in the 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos in January 2020 and March 2020.

Results

Videos in the January and March samples were viewed >125 million times and >355 million times, respectively. Fewer than half of the videos in either sample covered any of the prevention behaviors recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but many covered key prevention behaviors and were very widely viewed. There were no videos uploaded by entertainment television in the January sample, but this source comprised the majority of videos and garnered the majority of cumulative views in the March sample.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the incredible reach of YouTube and the potential value of partnership with the entertainment industry for communicating and mobilizing the public about community mitigation to reduce mortality from the COVID-19 viral pandemic.
Predicting smartphone addiction among Chinese workers: The role of work-related smartphone usage, psychological factors, and managerial support (Preprint)
Authors: Li Li , Lin Trisha T. C. , Bautista John Robert , Bautista John Robert
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

With the intensifying dependency relationship between employees and their smartphones for work reasons, employees’ smartphone addiction may be affected by work-related factors.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine how duration of work-related smartphone use, habit, psychological factors (i.e., social anxiety, smartphone self-efficacy, and job stress), and managerial support relate to organizational workers’ smartphone addiction.

METHODS

A cross-sectional online survey were conducted with 527 full-time organizational workers in Mainland China. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between independent and dependent variables.

RESULTS

The results revealed that work-related smartphone use, habit, social anxiety, job stress, and managerial support were positively correlated with smartphone addiction. However, smartphone self-efficacy has no significant association with smartphone addiction among organizational workers.

CONCLUSIONS

Employees with longer duration of smartphone usage at work, a habit of using smartphone, higher social anxiety and higher job stress, and being encouraged by their managers to use smartphone at work are more risky in developing addiction symptoms towards smartphone.
Controlling Ingredients for Healthier Meat Products: Clean Label
Authors: Chin Koo , Kim Geun Ho , Kim Ha Eun
Published: April 2020

Many ingredients are incorporated in the manufacture of meat products. Some of them are necessary to improve flavor, taste, and texture of meat products. However, excessive addition of processing ingredients such as fat, sodium, and other curing agents might cause health problems such as obesity, diabetes, and chronic diseases. Therefore, it is recommended that the minimum amount necessary of these ingredients be incorporated in the manufacture of meat products. This review summarizes minimum levels of key ingredients for the manufacture of meat products with maximum palatability. Functional ingredients that should be added in the process of meat products are also discussed. Thus, the reduction of undesirable ingredients and the addition of functional ingredients could be achieved to develop healthier meat products for consumers.
ОГЛАШАВАЊЕ УСМЕРЕНО КА ДЕЦИ: МАТЕРИЈАЛИЗАМ И ПРОУЗРОКОВАНИ КОНФЛИКТИ СА РОДИТЕЉИМА
Authors: Popović Šević Nevenka , Šević Aleksandar , Živković Radmila
Published: April 2020

Nowadays children are highly influenced by advertising messages, most notably for their naivety towards the outside world, the absence of critical attitude and non-possession of appropriate information about the advertised product. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of audio-visual and print advertising in the creation of materialistic values and conflicts of parents with younger and older elementary school children. The sample consists of 338 pupils from primary schools in Belgrade and 158 parents of children included in the study. A survey with multiple choice questions and the Likert scale has been applied. It has been partially confirmed that the exposure to an advertising message inevitably leads to a conflict between the child and a parent (primarily due to the increased number of requests for children who would like to possess the previously advertised products). The results also show that exposure to the advertising message causes a child to frequently request parents to purchase desired products (which is important for the determination of the degree of child depression facing the lack of buying the desired product). Finally, advertising aimed at the youngest ones stimulates and increases the materialistic values in children. The above-mentioned negative effects of advertising to children can be minimized by better legal framework, intensive monitoring and control of commercials, greater responsibility of the media and the introduction of media literacy into the educational process.
ДЕТЕРМИНАНТНА ОБЕЛЕЖЈА АДОЛЕСЦЕНТНОГ ЧЛАНА НАВИЈАЧКЕ ГРУПЕ
Authors: Милојевић Саша , Мијалковић Саша , Јанковић Бојан
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to answer the question of whether there are common characteristics of adolescents who join club fan groups on the basis of the data collected during the research conducted from 2012 to 2014 on the sample comprising of secondary school students from the territory of the Republic of Serbia from 12 cities that had first division football clubs in the 2012/2013 season. 3662 students were surveyed. The analysis of the collected data showed that a young member of a fan group could be described as a male adolescent who participated in clashes because of football, who was abused illicit drugs and who was apprehended by the police and against whom criminal charges for violence in football stadiums were filed.
РАЗВОЈ ПРИМАРНЕ ПРЕВЕНЦИЈЕ СЕКСУАЛНОГ НАСИЉА У СВЕТУ
Authors: Симеуновић-Патић Биљана
Published: April 2020

Although the issues of etiology and control of sexual violence have attracted considerable scientific attention over the past decades sexual victimization is still a serious problem in many countries around the world affecting particularly young females. Along with the tightening of repressive responses toward sexual crimes and improvements of victim protection, assistance and support measures there is a rising interest for development of prevention programs, including a long neglected primary prevention interventions. Bearing in mind the nature of sexual victimisation, its severe and long-lasting consequences and its huge dark figure, primary prevention appears to be optimal, cost-effective and most promising response in this moment, regardless of the common scepticism around the effectiveness and evaluation of primary prevention initiatives. The paper discusses the scope and significance of primary prevention within the spectrum of societal responses toward sexual violence, as well as the importance of socio-ecological platform for sexual violence prevention comprising of the measures that target both the individuals and communities aiming to change cultural norms and attitudes supportive of sexual violence and violence against women. Particular attention is paid to contemporary prevention approaches and models based on empirical evidence on risk and protective factors, and to evidentially effective primary prevention interventions.
МОТИВАЦИЈА РАДНЕ СНАГЕ КАО ФАКТОР ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ
Authors: Žarevac Bošković Milica
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to point to the possibility of increasing the productivity of companies without increasing their operating costs. Most of the identified incentive factors that affect productivity require a certain increase in costs for the company. However, concerning employee motivation, certain exemptions from the “rules” were found: productivity growth inevitably precedes the increase in costs. The complexity regarding the motivation of the workforce is explained by a simple fact: the motivation of the workforce is directly linked to a human - thus far the most complex being created, who creates, consumes, feels, yearns and suffers ... Only an (economic) organism composed of healthy, satiated cells (happy, motivated workers) can be healthy and productive, and, as such, sustainable over the long term period. Results of the research suggest that the company’s management, by introducing the “SM” model presented in this paper and by conducting a simple analysis of the employees’ satisfaction with the income level could determine, in accordance with their capabilities, the optimal way to increase the motivation of the employees without necessarily increasing the operating costs and, implicitly, increase productivity, which is the main contribution of this work, both from the scientific and practical point of view.
Transformaciones en educación médica: innovaciones en la evaluación de los aprendizajes y avances tecnológicos (parte 2)
Authors: Luna de la Luz Veronica , González-Flores Patricia
Published: April 2020

En un artículo previo sobre innovación en educación médica, se presentó la revisión crítica de la literatura sobre las perspectivas curriculares y los métodos didácticos considerados como innovadores en el último siglo. En esta segunda parte, se exponen los métodos de evaluación y los planteamientos teóricos que han dado pauta a sistematizar su instrumentación en los diferentes escenarios de educación médica y cuya implementación ha impactado en la acreditación, certificación y mejora de la profesión médica. Asimismo, se analiza de qué manera las herramientas tecnológicas han contribuido a innovar en los procesos de formación de los médicos.
Integration of tracking sensor technology into the information modeling of buildings and structures
Authors: Sivak Tatyana A. , Kvasha Pauline Yu.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The issue of communication of information model of structure with real building is under consideration. This matter includes damage and various impacts both inside and outside the building tracking tools and techniques. With the help of the adoption of information modeling technologies in the Russian construction industry, maintenance and reconstruction of structures will reach a new level. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the technology of communication of the information model with the real building, which is carried out by means of nanosensors installed throughout the structure. Materials and Methods. Available research papers about integration of BIM into the process of real construction are analyzed and the urgency and necessity of development of the given industry in the modern world are proved. Results. Application of information model in reconstruction of architectural engineering sites is investigated. The technique of real model scanning of a building for the creation of information model is presented. The examples of nanosensors use for synchronization of the real construction site with its information model are given. The importance of orientation in the building using GIS and BIM communication has been established. In this review, I would like to show the importance of information modeling for Russia. Conclusions. The opportunity to combine such technologies as photogrammetry, laser scanning and ReCap software features with automated monitoring of images taken from various devices is presented. It was concluded that it is possible to integrate a single information field into the area of laser scanning and the area of combination of technologies of detection and determination of light range and BIM construction. It is proposed to combine technologies of detection and cloud access to information models with radio-frequency identifiers. Possibility of integration of three technologies is revealed: BLE-sensors, RFID-scanners and automated image monitoring in the area of BIM damage assessment after earthquakes.
Open-air museums. Project of museumification of stockade fragments in the Omsk fortress
Authors: Chekmareva Elena V. , Chekmareva Tatyana V.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The author’s architectural project of museumification of fragments of the fortress jail of Omsk fortress, where the world-famous Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky served hard labor, is proposed. The implemented project will become an open-air Museum in the future. The main idea of the project is to recreate the fragments of the jail on an authentic Foundation in the center of Omsk. On the eve of the 200th anniversary of the birth of F. M. Dostoevsky, in 2021, the project is relevant not only for the region but also for the entire world community. Museumification of fragments of the jail, preserving the historical and cultural heritage and ensuring the continuity of generations, will contribute to the cultural development of Omsk, and attract many tourists to the region.

Materials and methods. Scientific publications, normative and archival documents: description, copies, drawings, drawings, literary work of F.M. Dostoevsky “Notes from the Dead house” and his letters to his brother; implemented projects analogues; General scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization); methods: comparison, classification; design method, including pre-design analysis, development: concept and architectural drawings, 3D-visualization and mock-up visualization of fragments of the fortress of Omsk.

Results. The author’s project of museumification of fragments of the fortress of Omsk fortress — historically authentic tourist object. For popularization and speedy implementation of the project, the created layout, as a more visual presentation of the architectural project, is exposed for public discussion by Omsk citizens in the resurrection Cathedral of the Omsk fortress.

Conclusions. Museumification of fragments of the fortress of Omsk fortress is classified as a complex open-air Museum. The profile of the exhibited objects of the Museum is fortification (military-historical museums) and literary (literary-memorial museums). To obtain the status of an open-air Museum and tourist attraction, all the principles of museumification of historical and cultural heritage are taken into account: historical significance, preservation, information content, accessibility and modern significance.
Assessment tools for environmental and economic efficiency of design decisions in civil engineering
Authors: Avilova Irina P. , Krutilova Maria O. , Naumenko Vyacheslav V.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. When implementing investment and construction projects in the field of civil engineering, most of the design decisions affecting the environmental and economic efficiency are taken at the initial stages of the project implementation. Existing methods of environmental audit in construction, legislatively and methodologically substantial at the analysis of environmental impact of construction site at the stages of operation and recycling, do not standardize and do not regulate ecological damage, earlier accumulated during production of building materials and products, and also caused during construction and assembly works. The offered principle of environmental and economic efficiency consists of the analysis and quantity and price accounting of environmental factors during the selection of building materials, and also building machines and mechanisms already at a stage of site design.

Materials and Methods. The information base of the research is analytical and statistical information of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat), Federal State Information System of Pricing (FSI SP). Results and methods of theoretical and scientific and practical researches of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of state regulation and stimulation of resource saving, sustainable development and green building; environmental and economic analysis of construction products cost are used.

Results. The proposed principle makes it possible to make changes in the design of buildings from the point of view of environmental friendliness and energy consumption, taking into account the impact on the environment at the stage of construction. The result of the research is the analysis of natural resource intensity of construction products in the standard housing construction, applied methodology for evaluation of the eco-cost of construction resources used in civil engineering.

Conclusions. The considered principle will enable to implement a sustainable approach in planning and implementation of investment and construction projects, which will significantly reduce environmental pollution from the point of view of minimizing the carbon impact from the construction industry and will contribute to improving the environmental and economic situation in Russia.
Research of performance characteristics of membrane modules for wastewater treatment
Authors: Makisha Nikolay A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The study focuses on the operation of a standalone membrane bioreactor applicable as an alternative to submerged membrane modules widely used as part of small capacity wastewater treatment facilities.

Materials and methods. An ultra-filtration membrane was used to perform the research in a laboratory environment. The liquid, exposed to research, represented synthetic wastewater, whose composition was similar to the one of urban wastewaters, and it had varied concentrations of suspended solids (MLSS). The membrane element, produced by Raifil (Republic of Korea), that has capillary ultra-filtration membranes, was used in the experiments. The membrane pore size is 1 micron. The total membrane filter area is one square meter. This membrane module has standard characteristics (pore size, material), typical for ultra-filtration membranes; therefore, we can assume that any further results will not demonstrate any substantial discrepancies, if ultra-filtration membranes made by other manufacturers are used to conduct experiments.

Results. The author describes a methodology for the optimization of pressure and MLSS values used in the process of membrane treatment. The author obtained the pressure values at which the amount of suspended solids in the filtered material shows a sharp rise, which means a slip of suspended solids into the filtrate, or a slip of contaminants. The author also identified the operating parameters that ensure maximal capacity.

Conclusions. These findings help to outline a roadmap for further research into the optimization of membrane bioreactors (both standalone and submerged units) used in wastewater treatment.
EL BIOFLOC COMO ALTERNATIVA SUSTENTABLE EN LA PISCICULTURA: UNA REVISIÓN
Authors: Klinger-Garcia Juan Sebastian , Burgos-Arcos Alvaro Javier
Published: April 2020

En la práctica de la producción piscícola, bajo los sistemas de cultivos convencionales, se presenta un cuello de botella al utilizar grandes volúmenes de agua, el cual es un recurso que al pasar el tiempo su disponibilidad es cada vez más limitada, además de aumentar la contaminación por parte de los vertimientos y aumento en el costo de producción por alimento no consumido. Por lo anterior la búsqueda de nuevas posibilidades de producción piscícola más amigables con el ambiente, socialmente incluyentes y rentables, es cada vez más indispensable. Una de las alternativas que empiezan a cautivar el interés de los piscicultores es el sistema de producción súper-intensivo con tecnología Biofloc (BFT), la cual se sustenta en aprovechar la acumulación de residuos de los alimentos, materia orgánica y compuestos inorgánicos tóxicos a través de microorganismos presentes en los medios acuáticos y la utilización de pequeñas áreas de terreno. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión acerca de la tecnología del Biofloc como una alternativa sustentable para la producción acuícola.
EFECTIVIDAD DE LA LECHE COMO VÍA DE TRANSMISIÓN DE Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis A TERNEROS DE LECHERÍA
Authors: Almeida-Rosero Marcela
Published: April 2020

La paratuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta al ganado bovino, su largo periodo de incubación y rápida diseminación a nivel individual y de rebaño, dificultan su control, por estas razones ha sido difícil dimensionar la extensión de esta infección en rebaños lecheros en el sur de Chile. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer cuan efectiva es la transmisión vía leche de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) a terneros en los primeros 90 días de vida. Se alimentaron 10 terneros provenientes de hatos libres de MAP con leche de vacas nodrizas infectadas confirmadas por cultivo y serología que fueron analizadas previamente en el laboratorio, los terneros fueron separados en dos grupos, el primero “A” recibió leche con una carga conocida de la bacteria (106/mL) y el grupo “B” (grupo control) recibió sustituto lácteo. A partir del primer mes de vida se analizaron muestras de materia y suero sanguíneo en los dos grupos de terneros, así como semanalmente se estudió la leche para confirmar la presencia de la bacteria en el grupo correspondiente. Como resultado, al tercer y cuarto mes post inicio del estudio uno de los individuos del grupo A fue detectado como positivo al cultivo de materia fecal de forma consecutiva, la presencia de MAP fue confirmada por PCR, uno de los terneros del mismo grupo fue positivo a ELISA en el mes cuarto y quinto del estudio. Se pudo concluir que, los terneros expuestos a una carga alta de MAP en leche, la transmisión de la infección vía leche fue 100% efectiva y el progreso de ésta fue más rápido de lo informado en la literatura. El presente estudio confirma que los terneros sometidos a una alta presión de infección podrían infectarse a temprana edad y convertirse en una fuente de infección de otros terneros.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CALIDAD FORRAJERA DE UN SISTEMA SILVOPASTORIL ALTOANDINO EN NARIÑO
Authors: Galvez-Cerón Arturo L. , Erazo-Gómez Jair A.
Published: April 2020

Teniendo en cuenta las adversidades climáticas que limitan la producción animal y su oferta alimentaria, es necesario reorientar la producción forrajera hacia sistemas ganaderos arborizados que brinden abundancia, calidad y estabilidad en épocas críticas, y que garantice armonía con el entorno. La investigación se realizó en la vereda Meneses, Villamoreno, Buesaco, Nariño, Colombia, con temperatura promedio de 15ºC, precipitación de 1.035 mm anuales y una altitud de 2.483 msnm. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la oferta forrajera de un sistema silvopastoril (SSP), en zona de bosque húmedo montano bajo (bh-MB), con la inclusión de especies forrajeras arbustivas, distribuidas en tres tratamientos; T1: Acacia decurrens × A. decurrens, T2: A. decurrens × Tithonia diversifolia, T3: A. decurrens × Sambucus nigra, y el testigo (T0): una pastura convencional compuesta en su mayoría por Cenchrus clandestinus, Agrostis scabrifolia, Holcus lanatus e Hypochaeris radicata. Se evaluaron algunas propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo, composición florística y fenología, determinación de diversidad y abundancia de especies mediante índices de Simpson y Shannon, producción de biomasa comestible, calidad nutricional mediante métodos de la AOAC y Goering y Van Soest, y presencia de metabolitos secundarios. Los factores físicos, químicos y biológicos tuvieron resultados similares entre tratamientos, con mayor producción de materia seca en T1 y T2, mejorando la oferta alimentaria con la incorporación de arbustivas. Los resultados estadísticos arrojados por SPSS de IBM, mostraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos en producción de materia seca. T1 y T2, por prueba de Tukey; éstos fueron los tratamientos de mayor beneficio forrajero, con producciones de 2,223 y 1,978 Ton/MS/año, respecto a T0, con 1,651 Ton/MS/año. La resistencia del suelo, en todos los tratamientos, fue alta y de limitación severa: T0: 1,91 Mpa, T1:1,85 Mpa, T2:1,92 Mpa y T3: 1,97 Mpa, causando dificultades en el desarrollo radicular de las especies arbustivas implementadas.
Democracy from the Point of View of Islamic Political Ethics: Khaled Abou El Fadl’s Doctrine
Authors: Mukhetdinov D. V.
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on the analysis of the Islamic thinker Kh. A. ElFadl’s political and legal conception. This conception assesses the potential of the Islamic tradition for the legitimization of democracy. We indicates that El-Fadl’s concept is not another ‘Islamic democracy’ project, but an analysis of the relationship between democratic ethos and Islamic political values. It is demonstrated that an adequate understanding of this relationship requires a comprehension of Qur’anic anthropology — the idea of human call, in particular. The logical transition from acceptance of God’s sovereignty and the status of man as His earthly governor (a successive authority’) to the inadmissibility of usurpation of power is considered reasonable. The article proves that El-Fadl allows historical variability of the forms of checks and balances that impede usurpation of power. Therefore, he emphasizes precisely the democratic ethos, and not a particular political theory or a speciﬁc political regime. The irregularity of the monopolization of a democratic ethos by the Western culture, on the one hand, and the monopolization of Shari‘a by Islamists, on the other, is thoroughly noted. In the conclusion the author outlines a general understanding of the nature of Shari‘a and the Shari‘ah foundations of political practice in the concept of El-Fadl.
Detecting mixed-unitary quantum channels is NP-hard
Authors: Lee Colin Do-Yan , Watrous John
Published: April 2020

A quantum channel is said to be amixed-unitarychannel if it can be expressed as a convex combination of unitary channels. We prove that, given the Choi representation of a quantum channelΦ, it is NP-hard with respect to polynomial-time Turing reductions to determine whether or notΦis a mixed-unitary channel. This hardness result holds even under the assumption thatΦis not within an inverse-polynomial distance (in the dimension of the space upon whichΦacts) of the boundary of the mixed-unitary channels.
Cohabitant charophyte algal flora and its ecology in high-mountain lakes of the Artabel Lakes Nature Park (Gümüşhane, Turkey)
Authors: Şahin Bülent , Akar Bülent , Barınova Sophia
Published: April 2020

The composition of charophyte taxa and their habitat preferences in water
bodies of the Artabel Lakes Nature Park were investigated on 15 August 2013
and 13 August 2016. A total of 73 taxa belonging to Conjugatophyceae
(Zygnematophyceae) and Klebsormidiophyceae were recorded. The genera
Cosmarium (37), Staurastrum (10) and Closterium (7) were most abundant. The
partly unexpected presence of certain desmid taxa, i.e., taxa characteristic
of eutrophic water, was recorded. Filamentous charophytes were represented
by three taxa. The Willis curve for the distribution of species to genera
had a trend line of R2 = 0.9123. Bioindication, statistical methods and
comparative floristic results show that water in all of the studied lakes
was fresh, of low-conductivity, circum-neutral and with little organic
pollution. Four groups of lakes were identified as a result of statistical
comparison of their environmental and biological variables. Bioindication
results can be used as references for future monitoring of the lakes in
protection of the species found in the Artabel Lakes Nature Park and can
also be included in the National Water Quality Standard System of Turkey.
New reports of Melampsora rust (Pucciniomycetes) on the Salix retusa complex in Balkan countries
Authors: Stupar Milos , Ljaljevic-Grbic Milica , Vukojevic Jelena , Lakusic Dmitar
Published: April 2020

Melampsora epitea, known to cause rust on the complex of Salix retusa
prostrate willows distributed in the subalpine and alpine belt of the
mountains of Central Europe, is here documented for the first time in
Montenegro and North Macedonia growing at six localities. It is not new for
Serbia, but the records come from a newly reported host, namely Salix
serpyllifolia. The pathogen?s distribution presumably is wider than
initially believed, and further surveys need to be conducted.
New floristic and syntaxonomic data from rice fields in Bulgaria
Authors: Gussev Chavdar , Georgiev Valeri , Tsoneva Sonya , Tzonev Rossen
Published: April 2020

The present work is a floristic and phytocoenological study of rice fields in
the Thracian Lowland, South Central Bulgaria. Two species new to the
Bulgarian alien flora were found as a result: Heteranthera reniformis
(Pontederiaceae) and Rotala ramosior (Lythraceae). The class Oryzetea
sativae is documented with phytocoenological relev?s for the first time in
Bulgaria.
Effect of modified two-step sintering approaches on Potassium Tantalum Niobate-Barium Titanate (KTN-BT) ceramics and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties
Authors: Kathait Gambheer , Panda M.K. , Panwar N.S.
Published: April 2020

The Potassium Tantalum Niobate-Barium Titanate (KTN-BT) solid solution system
ceramics with the composition 0.02K(Ta0.5Nb0.5)O3?0.98BaTiO3 were prepared
by a two-step sintering mechanism, for different sintering durations.
Crystalline and microstructure analyses of the prepared samples were
performed. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties were also investigated.
Moreover, apparent piezoelectric constant d33 was measured using the slope
of strain vs. electric field curves for these ceramics. It was observed that
the high values of density, electrical conductivity, relative dielectric
permittivity (?r = 3615.983), piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 315 pm/V) and
remnant polarization (Pr = 9.53 ?C/cm2) were obtained for ceramics prepared
through a new variation of the conventional two-step sintering method.
Finally, the relationship between sintering mechanism, microstructure and
piezoelectricity was discussed for the 0.02K(Ta0.5Nb0.5)O3?0.98BaTiO3
ceramics.
Morphological, microstructural and magnetic characteristics of electrodeposited Ni-Fe-W-Cu alloy powders
Authors: Spasojevic Miroslav , Randjic Sinisa , Maricic Aleksa , Trisovic Tomislav , Spasojevic Milica
Published: April 2020

Nanostructured Ni-Fe-W-Cu alloy powders were electrodeposited from an
alkaline ammonium citrate solution on a titanium cathode. Powder particles
were dendrite- and cauliflower-shaped. The dendritic particles had a high
density of branches made up of interconnected globules. XRD analysis showed
that the powder contained an amorphous matrix and FCC nanocrystals of the
solid solution of Fe, W and Cu in Ni. As the deposition current density
increased, the mean nanocrystal size decreased, and the mean value of
internal microstrain and the total weight percent of Fe and Ni in the alloy
increased. The powders deposited at higher current densities exhibited
higher magnetization. During annealing at temperatures up to 460?C, the
powders underwent short-range ordering, which caused an increase in
magnetization, whereas at temperatures above 460?C, the magnetization
decreased due to the formation of large FCC crystalline grains.
Decreased Vagal Activity and Deviation in Sympathetic Activity Precedes Development of Diabetes
Authors: Lee Da Young , Lee Mi Yeon , Cho Jung Hwan , Kwon Hyemi , Rhee Eun-Jung , Park Cheol-Young , Oh Ki-Won , Lee Won-Young , Park Sung-Woo , Ryu Seungho , Park Se Eun
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to examine whether altered heart rate variability (HRV) could predict the risk of diabetes in Asians.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A cohort study was conducted in 54,075 adults without diabetes who underwent 3-min HRV measurement during health checkups between 2011 and 2014 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital. We analyzed the time domain (SD of the normal-to-normal interval [SDNN] and root mean square differences of successive normal-to-normal intervals [RMSSD]) and the frequency domain (total power, normalized low-frequency power [LF], and normalized high-frequency power [HF] and LF/HF ratio). We compared the risk of diabetes until 2017 according to tertiles of heart rate and HRV variables, with tertile 1 serving as the reference group.

RESULTS

During 243,758.2 person-years, 1,369 subjects were diagnosed with diabetes. Both time and frequency domain variables were lower in the group with diabetes, with the exception of those with normalized LF and LF/HF ratio. In Cox analysis, as SDNN, RMSSD, and normalized HF tertiles increased, the risk of diabetes decreased (hazard ratios [95% CIs] of tertile 3: 0.81 [0.70–0.95], 0.76 [0.65–0.90], and 0.78 [0.67–0.91], respectively), whereas the risk of diabetes increased in the case of heart rate, normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio (hazard ratios [95% CIs] of tertile 3: 1.41 [1.21–1.65], 1.32 [1.13–1.53], and 1.31 [1.13–1.53), respectively) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, systolic blood pressure, lipid level, CRP, and HOMA of insulin resistance.

CONCLUSIONS

Abnormal HRV, especially decreased vagal activity and deviation in sympathovagal imbalance to sympathetic activity, might precede incident diabetes.
Effect of pCMV-VEGF165 plasmides on the reparation of full-layer skin wound in experiment
Authors: Shestakova V. G , Banin V. V , Deev R. V , Bazhenov D. V
Published: April 2020

The study of the regeneration of a full-layer skin wound under conditions of stimulated angiogenesis was carried out by paravulnare injection of a solution containing the plasmid pCMV-VEGF165. The inflammatory reaction in the experimental group of rats was more intense and already on day 7, the leukocyte shaft in the control was 1.3 times wider, and on day 14 in the experimental group, this indicator was 2.2 times less than the control figures. The indicators characterizing the development of granulation tissue on day 7, in the second group, 1.3 prevail over the control values, after 14 days, due to the maturation of young connective tissue - 1.1 times. The greatest differences in the comparison groups were found in relation to the degree of epithelialization of the defect. The epithelium thickness at the border is 1.4 times the control, the epithelial layer thickness is 1.7 times, and the length is 1.5 times. Compared with the control values, the number of vessels in the experimental group on day 7 were 2.3 times higher, on day 14 - 1.8 times and on day 21 - 1.7 times. The healing of the full-thickness wound of the skin in the experimental group proceeded more intensively compared with the control, and epithelization was completed 2 days earlier. In addition, stimulation of angiogenesis led to the formation of an organ-specific regenerate practically indistinguishable from intact skin.
Legislative regulation and use of genetic information in the Russian Federation and abroad
Authors: Vulf M. A , Yurova K. A , Skuratovskaia D. A , Litvinova L. S
Published: April 2020

In modern medicine, personalized approaches to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases are becoming increasingly important. The accumulated information on genetic mutations and their mapping led to the development of prognostic genetic tests. Created programs for clustering and analysis of the information received have served the development of pharmacogenetics and gene therapy. This has increased the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic approaches and increased average life expectancy. At the same time, the Russian Federation (RF) and the world community are actively discussing the protection of human rights, the inviolability of the person, storage, use of his personal data, including genetic information from unauthorized access. The purpose of this review was to generalize and detail information on legislative norms and legal regulation of the use of genetic information in the territory of the Russian Federation and in other countries of the world.