bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Test Turntable Based on Fuzzy PID Algorithm and its Error Correction
Authors: Li Tang , Zhou Liangfu
Published: August 2024

In order to meet the requirements of antenna for high bearing capacity, high positioning accuracy and speed stability of the test turntable, a test turntable with simple operation is designed. First of all, the structure of the turntable is introduced. The turntable adopts the form of gear transmission and multi-turn absolute encoder angle measurement. The mechanical simulation analysis of the turntable table is carried out, and the static performance and modal characteristics of the turntable are analyzed. Then, the servo control system of the turntable is introduced. The multi-turn absolute encoder is used as the detection element of the actual position of the turntable. The target position is sent to the controller by the upper computer through the serial port. The controller uses the field programmable logic gate array (FPGA) as the core, and the encoder, controller and control object constitute the position loop; In the software design, the fuzzy PID algorithm is used to replace the traditional PID algorithm. Finally, the turntable accuracy test platform is built, and the autocollimator and polyhedral prism are used to obtain the angle measurement error. The test results show that the control accuracy is better than ±0.01, the system position accuracy is better than 2.5’, and the turntable positioning accuracy and rotational speed stability have been effectively improved.
Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning for Power Inspection Robots based on Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Ge Xiaoxi , Jia Haowei , Yuan Lin , Zhou Min
Published: August 2024

The current research on obstacle avoidance path planning methods for power inspection robots has problems such as poor obstacle avoidance ability and poor inspection effectiveness. Therefore, a planning method for obstacle avoidance path of power inspection robots is proposed. By utilizing motion relationships and the potential field theorem of robot motion, a three-dimensional model of the power inspection robot’s route is established to determine the direction of the robot’s route when obtaining action tasks. The fuzzy support vector algorithm is used to plan obstacle avoidance paths for the initialized walking path, making the inspection robot intelligent. The experimental results show that the average success rates for avoiding static and dynamic obstacles are 98.37% and 96.12%, respectively. The average time for obstacle avoidance path planning is 1.56 seconds, and it has fast, efficient, and accurate obstacle avoidance and path planning capabilities, which can improve the robot’s obstacle avoidance ability and path planning efficiency for dynamic and static obstacles.
Diagnosis and Treatment System based on Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxi , Fan Qili , Wang Geng
Published: August 2024

This paper designs an assisted diagnosis and treatment system based on deep learning algorithms and medical knowledge to solve the problem of poor use efficiency of massive electronic medical information. First, the disease data in the medical database is segmented to get the reverse order search table. Secondly, the similarity between the obtained clinical manifestation data and the corresponding diseases is analyzed and classified to obtain the clinical diagnosis. Then, the feedback-query method is used to analyze the weighted ratio of the original and feedback data, and the optimal fault diagnosis is carried out. The method of implicit semantic modeling is used to give the diagnosis scheme of the disease. The search method based on inference rules is introduced to realize personalized diagnosis and treatment resource recommendations to users. In this way, the specific attributes of medical resources based on individual information are effectively combined. Experiments show that the initial diagnosis recognition rate of the proposed method is 95%, the correct rate is 85%, and the recognition rate is 95% after optimization.
Process Testing and Algorithm Detection Analysis of Mechanical Strength of Electromechanical Coupling in the Main Drive of Rolling Mill
Authors: Zeng Dongbao , Yao Hai
Published: August 2024

In order to deeply analyze the compressive strength of the electromechanical coupling system of the main drive of the rolling mill, this work takes the electromechanical coupling system of the main drive of the R2 rolling mill as a subject to study and analyze. First, experiments are designed to test the strength and some mechanical parameters of the main drive electromechanical coupling system of the R2 rolling mill, including the introduction of the main drive system of the R2 reversible rolling mill, test content, test scheme, test system framework and test materials. Next, this work analyzes the strength of the main drive shaft in the electromechanical coupling system of the main drive of the R2 rolling mill, and theoretically checks the fatigue strength of the main drive shaft, including the static strength analysis of the main drive shaft. Finally, this work analyzes the experimental data. The research shows that: (1) the peak value of the lower torque of the main drive coupling electromechanical of the R2 rolling mill is mainly distributed in the range of 650∼1550 mk N. The average value of the upper torque is mainly distributed in the range of 350∼1100 mk N. (2) The peak value of principal stress at 1# measuring point is within the range of 10-35Mpa, and the mean value of principal stress is within the range of -24-24Mpa. The peak value of principal stress at the 2# measuring point is in the range of 5-25Mpa, and the mean value of principal stress is in the range of -16-16Mpa. (3) When the upper drive shaft of the rolling mill runs at a working angle of 1.02, the maximum Von Mises Stress of the drive shaft of the rolling mill is 95.10MPa. When the drive shaft of the rolling mill operates at a working angle of 3.14, the maximum Von Mises Stress of the drive shaft of the rolling mill is 95.15MPa. This work aims to provide a theoretical reference for enhancing the compressive strength of the electromechanical coupling system of the main drive of the rolling mill.
A Fault Monitoring System for Mechanical and Electrical Equipment of Subway Vehicles Based on Big Data Algorithms
Authors: Li Geng , Li Ya , Bi Hongxue
Published: August 2024

This paper uses big data technology to extract the electromechanical fault characteristics of metro vehicles and analyze the current situation under different fault conditions to ensure the operation quality and safety of metro operations. It also establishes a simulation model to simulate the current waveform of metro vehicles under different fault conditions and analyze the fault phenomenon. The simulation test results show that: (1) The current waveform of a single transistor with the hard fault is compared with the simulated current waveform under a normal state. The upper part of the A phase current waveform is lost when T1 fails. When T2 fails, the current waveform in the lower half of the C phase current is lost. When T3 fails, the upper half of the B phase current waveform is lost. (2) The current waveform in the hard fault’s upper and lower bridge arms will have phase loss. In the T25 fault, the C phase current is completely lost. In the T14 fault, the phase A current waveform is completely lost. In the T36 fault, the phase B current is completely lost. (3) The current waveform of a single transistor with a soft fault is complete, but the overall current amplitude is reduced. When a T1 fails, the A phase current tends to rise first and then fall. Compared to normal, the amplitude of the current decreases, and the peak decreases slightly. (4) The current values of phase B and phase C of the two transistors on the same bridge above and below the soft fault are mostly the same. The phase A current output value decreases in both the positive and negative half cycles. This paper aims to improve the monitoring ability of the monitoring system of electromechanical equipment of metro vehicles, which plays a specific role in maintaining the safety of subway operations and improving the quality of subway operations.
Smart Fertilizing Using IoT Multi-Sensor and Variable Rate Sprayer Integrated UAV
Authors: M. A. Ghanimi Hayder , R Suguna , Jeyaraj Josephine Pon Gloria , K Sreekanth , Rangasamy Rajasekar , Sengan Sudhakar
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a “Smart Fertilizing Using Internet of Things (IoT) Multi-Sensors” system to enhance fertilizer management in agriculture. The system has four main parts: the Nutro Determining Unit (NDU), the Nutro Sensing Unit (NSU), the Nutro UAV Variable Fertiliser Spray System, and a Variable Rate Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Sprayer model. The NDU collects vital data on Soil Moisture (SM) and Environmental Conditions (EnC) using advanced IoT cameras, while the NSU consolidates and normalises the data for advanced analysis using Heuristic Decision Trees (HDT) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. In India, a data-driven UAV system uses IoT and UAV technologies to determine nutrient needs and create a prescription map for fertilizer application. The approach caused increases in the efficient utilisation of resources, Crop Yield (CY), and ecological footprint when it underwent evaluation in a crop maize field that was 14 hectares in size. A fresh benchmark for Smart Farming (SF) techniques has been set up by this method of operation, which is motivated by data and symbolises an important innovation in modern and ecologically conscious SF methods.
Research on Grid Data Analysis and Intelligent Recommendation System by Introducing Neural Tensor Network Model
Authors: Zhou Rui , Huang Kangqian , Xiang Dejun , Hu Xin
Published: August 2024

In the landscape of modern smart homes, the prevalence of intelligent devices, notably smart televisions (TVs), has surged, emphasizing the need for sophisticated content recommendation systems. However, the automatic provision of personalized content recommendations for smart TV users remains an underexplored domain. Existing literature has delved into recommendation systems across diverse applications, yet a distinctive void exists in addressing the intricate challenges specific to smart TV users, particularly the incorporation of the smart TV camera module for user image capture and validation. This research introduces a pioneering Intelligent Recommendation System for smart TV users, incorporating a novel Convolutional Neural Tensor Network (CNTN) model. The implementation of this innovative approach involves training the CNN algorithm on two distinct datasets “CelebFaces Attribute Dataset” and “Labeled Faces in the Wild-People” for proficient feature extraction and precise human face detection. The trained CNTN model processes user images captured through the smart TV camera module, matching them against a ’synthetic dataset.’ Exploiting this matching process, a hybrid filtering technique is proposed and applied, seamlessly facilitating the personalized recommendation of programs. The proposed CNTN algorithm demonstrates an impressive training performance, achieving approximately 97.18%. Moreover, the hybrid filtering technique produces commendable results, attaining an approximate recommendation accuracy of 89% for single-user scenarios and 86% for multi-user scenarios. These findings underscore the superior efficacy of the hybrid filtering approach compared to conventional content-based and collaborative filtering techniques. The integration of the CNTN architecture and the hybrid filtering methodology collectively contributes to the development of an advanced and effective recommendation system tailored to the nuanced preferences of smart TV users in the context of grid data analysis.
Research on Learning Efficiency Improvement Strategies of Public English Perspective Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Li Qingzhu
Published: August 2024

A ground-breaking smartphone app called EngageLearnPro was created to improve learning efficiency improvement strategies in the context of public English education. With the use of cutting-edge technologies like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), this app creates a dynamic and captivating method of language learning. Intelligent sequence modeling is made possible by the combination of LSTM and allows for customized learning paths that adjust based on the progress of each individual user. On the other hand, ACO maximizes the app’s decision-making processes, improving the overall effectiveness of language learning techniques. The decision to use a mobile app environment for this initiative was made in light of the fact that smartphones are widely used and can provide education to a wider range of people. By utilizing the interactive and user-centric qualities of mobile devices, EngageLearnPro makes sure that learning happens naturally in users’ everyday lives. By combining LSTM and ACO technologies, a customized and adaptive learning experience is provided, accommodating a wide range of learning styles. EngageLearnPro offers an inclusive, cutting-edge, and effective platform with the goal of closing the gap in public English education. We hope to transform language learning by combining the best features of LSTM and ACO into a mobile application that is not only efficient but also fun and available to students of all backgrounds and ability levels.
A Novel Hybrid Model to Detect and classify Arrhythmia Using ECG and Bio-Signals
Authors: B N Manjesh , Praveen N Raja
Published: August 2024

In general, arrhythmias, also called cardiac arrhythmia, heart arrhythmia, or dysrhythmias, are abnormal heartbeats which include too fast or too slow. The Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a significant cause of death, and the death rate is increasing every year. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) majorly contributes to the CVD diagnosis, providing information about the heartbeat. An automatic detection and classification of arrhythmia performs a significant role in managing and curing cardiovascular diseases. Deep Learning (DL)-based algorithms have emerged as effective solutions in medical applications, particularly in cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis. In this research, a DL-based multi-modal approach is proposed for the classification of cardiac arrhythmia. The MIT-BIH dataset is utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The proposed method considers physiological signals along with the MIT-BIH dataset to improve accuracy. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used for pre-processing the MIT-BIH dataset. The DL methods of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are utilized for classifying cardiac arrhythmia. The proposed method is evaluated using various performance metrics such as Accuracy, Specificity, Sensitivity, F1-score, and Cohen’s kappa.
On Soft Strongly b∗−Compactness and Soft Strongly b∗−Connectedness in Soft Topological Spaces
Authors: Hameed Saif Z , Radwan Abdelaziz E. , El-Seidy Essam
Published: August 2024

In this research article, we present a new class of soft compact spaces and soft Lindelöf spaces, we identify the idea of soft strongly b∗−compact and soft strongly b∗−Lindelöf spaces and we supply multiple interesting examples. As well as we mention that the inaugurated spaces are conserved under soft strongly b∗−irresolute mappings and we look into definite of results which connect an extensive soft topology with the showing soft spaces. As well as we inquiry the features and attributive of soft strongly b∗−connected spaces and discuss and identify its relationship with soft connectedness.
Introduction: Languages of Power and Elite Legitimisation on the Periphery, Poland and Norway, 1000–1300
Authors: Jezierski Wojtek , Orning Hans Jacob , Pac Grzegorz
Published: August 2024

In this introduction, we argue that the key to understanding the means and dynamics of political order in the peripheral polities during the era of Europeanization (1000–1300) lies in exploring the practices of (self-)legitimisation by the peripheral elites in Poland and Norway. The article proposes a novel agenda-setting theoretical and methodological framework for how medievalists can study elite legitimation and relations between core European and peripheral polities from a comparative perspective. This introduction launches this agenda in five steps. First, it outlines the key conceptual tools for studying the elites and the languages of power they used as means of symbolically legitimising themselves. Second, it re-assesses Robert J. Bartlett’s thesis of diffuse Europeanization to argue how a comparative focus on the peripheral elites and their languages of power can give a new perspective on this research topic. Third, it lays out the methodological tenets of an experimental comparative framework for elite legitimation on the peripheries. Fourth, it fleshes out these postulations in connection to our two contrasting cases and contexts, Polish and Norwegian. Finally, it presents the specific comparative case studies in this special issue.
Feasting and Elite Legitimisation in Poland and Norway: Propaganda, Political Economy, and Recognition in a Comparative Perspective, 1000–1300
Authors: Jezierski Wojtek , Żmudzki Paweł
Published: August 2024

This article explores the ways in which the political legitimacy of the elites was produced and demonstrated through feasting as it was practised in two peripheral high-medieval polities, Poland and Norway. By paying attention to the ways the political and moral economy of feasts and their use as a means of propaganda and political recognition were presented in contemporary sources, this article, through two case studies of peripheral languages of power and legitimisation, traces the similarities and differences in elite feasting in these disconnected contexts. Three aspects of political feasting are studied in comparison. First, the question of the supernatural charisma of rulers and ruling dynasties demonstrated through their – mythically and historically framed – ability to provide economic prosperity for their people and followers is examined. Second, we discuss how the rulers’ social power, entitlement, and ability enabled them to extract material resources from the rest of the elites and their subjects, how resources were then redistributed and what symbolic capital these endowed upon the elites. The third section focuses on high-status feasts at which foreign elites from European centres were entertained to secure international recognition of the peripheral elites and gain institutional advantages such as coronations, archepiscopal titles, etc.
Using Telehealth to Increase Lung Cancer Screening Referrals for At-Risk Veterans in Rural Communities
Authors: Hamidi Sayyed , Rubinstein Israel , Beck Tandra
Published: August 2024

Background: At-risk rural veterans have low rates of lung cancer screening (LCS). This proof-of-principle quality improvement project aimed to determine whether a telehealth intervention would increase referrals for at-risk veterans living in the rural upper Midwest and attending a smoking cessation program to LCS with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest. Methods: Sixty-eight of 74 LCS-eligible rural veterans who self-enrolled in a smoking cessation program were contacted by telephone. Those who agreed to enroll in LCS were referred to LDCT and followed for 4 months. At the conclusion of the intervention, the number of referrals and screenings performed were tabulated. LDCT reports were reviewed and scored according to Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) version 1.1. Results: Only 3 of 74 LCS-eligible veterans (4%) underwent LDCT before initiation of this telehealth intervention. By the conclusion of this 4-month project, 19 of 74 veterans (26%) underwent LDCT. Forty-one veterans were successfully contacted and 29 agreed to participate in LCS. Of those who agreed to participate, 19 underwent LDCT within 4 months. Of the veterans who received LDCT, 10 were diagnosed with Lung-RADS 1, 7 with Lung-RADS 2, 1 with Lung-RADS 3, and 1 with Lung-RADS 4B. Annual follow-up LDCT or referral for further evaluation were pursued in each case. Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that telehealth intervention could increase referrals of at-risk rural veterans to a centralized LCS program at a regional US Department of Veterans Affairs medical facility.
Role of Ultrasonography and Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy Parameters in Decision Making Regarding Performance of Pyeloplasty in Children with Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Authors: Taş Nesrin , Uslu Gökçeoğlu Arife , Akbulut Aylin , Koca Gökhan , Ağras Koray , Korkmaz Meliha
Published: August 2024

Objective: There are conflicting results regarding the time of surgical treatment in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Therefore, we aimed to compare the predictive power of ultrasonography (USG) and dynamic renal scintigraphy parameters in the diagnosis and treatment of UPJO.

Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed with UPJO between 2015 and 2020 were evaluated retrospectively, other congenital urinary anomalies were excluded. Renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter (APD) was evaluated by USG and staged according to the Society for Fetal Urology grading system. In dynamic renal scintigraphy, time to reach maximum renal activity (Tmax), time to clear half of the maximum activity (T1/2), differential renal function, and diuretic response were recorded.

Results: A total of 59 patients were included. Thirteen of 59 (22.0%) patients underwent pyeloplasty. The frequency of high-grade hydronephrosis and renal pelvis APD was higher in the pyeloplasty group than in the non-pyeloplasty group. In addition, Tmax and T1/2 were significantly longer in the pyeloplasty group than in the non-pyeloplasty group (p<0.010). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that only increased renal pelvis APD was independently associated with pyeloplasty (p = 0.030; odds ratio = 1.2). An APD of 21.5 mm was the best cutoff value to identify patients requiring pyeloplasty. The sensitivity and specificity were 84.0% and 87.0%, respectively

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that USG and dynamic renal scintigraphy are useful tools for determining whether to perform pyeloplasty in patients with UPJO. Furthermore, APD can be a reliable, easy, and inexpensive method for follow-up and treatment.
Local cultural perspectives of birth preparedness: a qualitative study in a rural subdistrict of Indonesia
Authors: Maryuni Maryuni , Prasetyo Sabarinah , Martha Evi , Devy Shrimarti Rukmini , Pardosi Jerico Franciscus , Anggraeni Legina , Subu Muhammad Arsyad
Published: August 2024

Background/Aims

Cultural factors significantly impact maternal mortality during pregnancy and birth, and cultural norms can affect pregnancy, labour and care-seeking behavior. This study explored local cultural perspectives of birth preparedness in a rural area of Java, Indonesia.

Methods

This descriptive qualitative study used individual semi-structured interviews with 16 purposively selected participants, including 10 pregnant women, two community midwives, two pregnant women's parents and two health cadres. Data were analysed thematically.

Results

Three primary themes were found: the meaning of pregnancy in the sociocultural context, the meaning of childbirth and cultural values in pregnancy.

Conclusions

Sociocultural factors have a significant impact on pregnancy and childbirth in rural Indonesian areas, and pregnant women may be unprepared for birth. It is essential to create a culturally appropriate intervention model for childbirth readiness that pregnant women and their families can easily understand. Innovation is vital to empower the community to promote childbirth preparation.
Five-year migration of uncemented femoral components in total knee arthroplasty with either highly cross-linked or conventional polyethylene inserts: a blinded randomized controlled trial using radiostereometric analysis
Authors: de Ridder Ruud , Kaptein Bart L. , Pijls Bart G. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Kaptijn Herman H.
Published: August 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the migration of the femoral component, five years postoperatively, between patients with a highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) insert and those with a conventional polyethylene (PE) insert in an uncemented Triathlon fixed insert cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Secondary aims included clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). We have previously reported the migration and outcome of the tibial components in these patients.

Methods

A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted including 96 TKAs. The migration of the femoral component was measured with radiostereometry (RSA) at three and six months and one, two, and five years postoperatively. PROMs were collected preoperatively and at all periods of follow-up.

Results

There was no clinically relevant difference in terms of migration of the femoral component or PROMs between the HXLPE and PE groups. The mean difference in migration (maximum total point motion), five years postopeatively, was 0.04 mm (95% CI -0.06 to 0.16) in favour of the PE group.

Conclusion

There was no clinically relevant difference in migration of the femoral component, for up to five years between the two groups. These findings will help to establish a benchmark for future studies on migration of femoral components in TKA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(8):826–833.
Control of dual-channel optical bistability in a carbon nanotube nanoresonator coupled with a metallic nanoshell
Authors: Long Lin-Wen , Zhao Wen-Hua , Peng Yu-Xiang , Jiang Yang-Yang , Wang Xin-Jun , Li Jian-Bo
Published: August 2024

We theoretically present a flexible method to obtain dual-channel optical bistability (OB) in a coupled system consisting of a metallic nanoshell (MNS) and a carbon nanotube (CNT) nanomechanical resonator (NR) beyond the dipole approximation. The MNS is made of a metallic core and a dielectric shell. The results show that, the four-wave mixing signal is suppressed significantly due to multipole polarizations in comparison to that in the dipole approximation. Also, the four-wave mixing signal can be enhanced greatly with the exciton-phonon coupling strength g increasing. Especially, bistability phase diagrams plotted show that, for a given shell thickness, it is realizable to achieve one (or two) bistable region(s) by adjusting the pumping intensity (or the MNS-NR distance). In a strong exciton-plasmon coupling regime, OB can be switched from single-channel to dual-channel by only changing the dielectric shell thickness or the metallic core radius. This indicates that the system proposed can behave as a channel-tunable bistable switch. Our findings may have potential applications in various domains such as quantum communication and optical functional devices.
Enhanced electroluminescence from SnO2 nanocrystals/Er3+ co-doped silica thin film via Yb3+ doping
Authors: Zhao Jingjie , Zhang Yangyi , Wang Lixiang , Qu Enze , Zhu Ting , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji
Published: August 2024

We prepared Yb3+ doped SiO2-SnO2:Er3+ films by sol-gel method in order to develop the high-efficient rare-earth light emitting devices. The enhanced characteristic near-infrared photoluminescence related to Er3+ ions was achieved as usual since the introduction of Yb3+ ions is equivalent to adding a new energy transfer channel. We further designed and fabricated the electroluminescent device based on SiO2-SnO2:Er3+/Yb3+ films. Interestingly, we demonstrated the significant enhancement of the near-infrared electroluminescence of Er3+ ions. Compared with the electroluminescent device without Yb3+ ions, the near-infrared electroluminescence integrated intensity of the Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped one is enhanced by more than 12 times. Our electroluminescent devices also exhibited good operating stability, which has great potential for the development of stable silicon-based light sources.
Terahertz super-resolution imaging with large depth of field enabled by the terajet of bilayer dielectric spheres
Authors: Zhou Xikang , Yang Huan , Wang Haojie , Gao Xuan , Li Ping , Han Yiping
Published: August 2024

Terahertz imaging has found extensive applications in non-destructive testing, security inspection, and other various fields. Intensive research on terahertz imaging systems has been executed to pursue high performance on imaging resolution and depth of field (DOF). However, the terahertz imaging systems with both high imaging resolution and large DOF have rarely been reported. In this paper, a mesoscopic-sized dielectric bilayer sphere-assisted super-resolution imaging method was proposed to simultaneously achieve enormously improved imaging resolution and extended DOF. Simulation analyses revealed that the ultrathin and long terajets were generated by the well-designed bilayer sphere. The THz super-resolution image for the samples can be captured by the point-by-point terajet scanning. The experimental results demonstrated that the best resolution reached up to 0.4λ, the DOF with super-resolution was up to 2λ, and the DOF with sub-wavelength resolution was up to 4λ. This method holds great potential for widespread application in terahertz imaging and detection, especially for curved or complex sample structures.
Realization of equivalent multi-level DOEs by the stack of two few-level DOEs using phase dividing
Authors: Niu Bowen , Dai Xingang , Hu Yanjun , Zhang Hongru , Jing Gaoshan , Fan Guofang
Published: August 2024

Multi-level DOEs are always desired for the wider application. However, they require more accurate fabrication and expensive production costs. This paper presents an improved stacked DOEs method. Based on the phase distribution of t-level DOEs, a phase dividing method is used to divide the phase of t-level DOEs into m and n-level DOEs (t = n × m), the equivalent t-level DOEs can be realized by the stack of m and n-level DOEs. A 16-level beam shaping DOE is taken as an example to explore the method. The 4 and 4-level (or 2 and 8-level) stacked DOEs show the CV of 3.69% and diffractive efficiency of 98.11%, which is similar to 3.58% and 98.11% of a 16-level DOE. In addition, the tolerance of the stack method is also analyzed in horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, and angular deviation of stacked DOEs. The proposed stacked DOEs method can eliminate the need to directly manufacture multi-level DOEs with more steps, thus providing the possibility of reducing cost and fabricating difficulty.
A temporally adaptive schlieren approach by fusing frame- and event-based cameras
Authors: Lyu Zhen , Cai Weiwei , Wang Benlong , liu yingzheng
Published: August 2024

This letter reports a novel schlieren approach with adaptive temporal resolution. The fundamental concept of this approach is to fuse an event-based camera and a low-speed frame-based camera to generate high-frame-rate videos by leveraging the strengths of both. Using a novel experimental setup, events and frames are accurately aligned in both space and time. The aligned data are then fed into a neural network to generate intermediate frames. To examine the proposed approach, tests are conducted on plate heater, burning candle, and pulsed jet, respectively. It has been tested that this approach enables continuous visualization and recording of flows with an adaptive frame rate of up to 3.3 kFPS, breaking through the short operating times of the existing schlieren technique. The developed intermediate frame generation method also outperforms similar methods by minimizing the impact of the event camera readout latency. It achieves a maximum improvement of 3.99dB in the peak signal-to-noise ratio.
Factors contributing to immunization coverage among children less than 5 years in Nadowli-Kaleo District of Upper West Region, Ghana
Authors: Kuuyi Alice , Kogi Robert
Published: August 2024

Immunization prevents deaths from diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and measles in about 2.5 million children each year worldwide. Failure to vaccinate children in the required timeframe could result in disease outbreaks among them and increase costs of living among the populations directly affected. Even though Ghana has set 95% as the target for immunization coverage, the Nadowli-Kaleo district has been below this national target. This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing low immunization coverage among children under five years in the Nadowli-Kaleo district, Ghana. An analytical cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study. Systematic sampling method was used to recruit the respondents. The data was collected using KoboCollect online data collection tool and analyzed using Stata Version 17.0. Chi-square test was used to establish the association between child’s immunization status and the independent variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the degree of association. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Fully immunized status among children under-five was a little above average (55.4%). Mother’s or caregiver’s age, marital status, occupation, and current child’s birth order were significantly associated with children full immunization. Also, number of ANC visits, delivery location, and distance to health facility were significantly associated with children full immunization. A child delivered at the health facility had higher chance of 2.12 times to be fully immunized than giving birth at home [AOR = 2.12, 95%CI = 1.14–3.94, and p-value = 0.017]. The health system related factors which were statistically associated with child full immunization included time spent during immunization service and being informed when to come for the next vaccination visit. Coverage for children with fully immunized status was not very encouraging at our study site. We recommend expansion of access to maternal and child health services, encouraging institutional childbirth, and timely regular antenatal visits.
Addressing overlapping sample challenges in genome-wide association studies: Meta-reductive approach
Authors: Rajabli Farid , Emekci Azra
Published: August 2024

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are instrumental in genetics, offering insights into an individual level genetic risk to a range of diseases based on accumulated genetic variations. These scores rely on Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). However, precision in PRS is often challenged by the requirement of extensive sample sizes and the potential for overlapping datasets that can inflate PRS calculations. In this study, we present a novel methodology, Meta-Reductive Approach (MRA), that was derived algebraically to adjust GWAS results, aiming to neutralize the influence of select cohorts. Our approach recalibrates summary statistics using algebraic derivations. Validating our technique with datasets from Alzheimer disease studies, we showed that the summary statistics of the MRA and those derived from individual-level data yielded the exact same values. This innovative method offers a promising avenue for enhancing the accuracy of PRS, especially when derived from meta-analyzed GWAS data.
Factors influencing the uptake of public health interventions delivery by community pharmacists: A systematic review of global evidence
Authors: Mumbi Audrey , Mugo Peter , Barasa Edwine , Abiiro Gilbert Abotisem , Nzinga Jacinta
Published: August 2024

Background

Community pharmacies are the first point of contact for most people seeking treatment for minor illnesses globally. In recent years, the role of community pharmacists has evolved, and they play a significant role in the delivery of public health interventions (PHIs) aimed at health promotion and prevention such as smoking cessation services, weight management services, HIV prevention, and vaccination. This review aims to explore the evidence on the factors that influence community pharmacists to take up the role of delivery of such interventions.

Methods

Three electronic databases namely, Embase (1947-December 2023), Medline (1975-December 2023), and Scopus (1823-December 2023) were searched for relevant literature from the inception of the database to December 2023. Reference lists of included articles were also searched for relevant articles. A total of 22 articles were included in the review based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed and synthesized using a thematic approach to identify the factors that influence the community pharmacist’s decision to take up the role of PHI delivery. Reporting of the findings was done according to the PRISMA checklist.

Findings

The search identified 10,927 articles of which 22 were included in the review. The main factors that drive the delivery of PHIs by community pharmacists were identified as; training and continuous education, remuneration and collaboration with other healthcare professionals. Other factors included structural and workflow adjustments and support from the government and regulatory bodies.

Conclusions

Evidence from this review indicates that the decision to expand the scope of practice of community pharmacists is influenced by various factors. Incorporating these factors into the design of policies and public health programs is critical for the successful integration of community pharmacists in the delivery of broader public health to meet the rising demand for health care across health systems.
Prevalence and predictors of musculoskeletal injuries among gym members in Bangladesh: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Islam Mohammad Jahirul , Rana Md. Selim , Sarker Md. Sharifuddin , Islam Md. Mahemanul , Miah Md. Nuruzzaman , Hossain Md. Anwar , Jahangir Ruwaida , Akter Rahemun , Ahmed Sohel
Published: August 2024

Background

Participating in physical exercise is advantageous for maintaining optimum health, improving physical capacity, decreasing the likelihood of chronic diseases, and promoting overall wellbeing.

Aim

This study aimed to find out the prevalence and factors that contribute to musculoskeletal injuries among individuals who participated in fitness activities at the gym.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 1123 gym members, both male and female, aged between 18 and 50 years, from selected fitness centers in Bangladesh. Musculoskeletal injuries were assessed using the Nordic musculoskeletal disorder questionnaire. Binary logistic regression identified the gym members’ predictors of musculoskeletal injuries.

Results

The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries at the low back (36.6%) was seen among the eight body sites, followed by the shoulder (24.7%) and knee (17.1%). Males (aOR 2.589, CI 1.18 to 5.65) and those who go to the gym to lose weight (aOR 3.859, CI 0.91 to 16.33) and for physical fitness (aOR 1.895, CI 1.07 to 3.35) had a greater risk of musculoskeletal injury. Participants who carried out strength training exercises (aOR 4.10, CI 2.74 to 6.19) had a four-fold increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries than those who did not. Furthermore, higher adjusted odds of musculoskeletal injuries were found for the potential causes of injuries in incorrect holding (aOR 1.69, CI 1.10 to 2.60), overweight lifting (aOR 2.00, CI 1.30 to 3.08), lack of workout knowledge (aOR 3.56, CI 2.09 to 5.85), and insufficient information from the trainer (aOR 5.66, CI 1.84 to 17.39).

Conclusion

Musculoskeletal injuries are highly prevalent among gym-goers in Bangladesh. The back was the most often injured area, followed by the shoulder and knee. It is important to exhibit caution and take extra care while doing strength training activities in order to avoid injury. Prior to engaging in gym-based activities, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of proper exercise knowledge.
Optimized intrusion detection in IoT and fog computing using ensemble learning and advanced feature selection
Authors: Tawfik Mohammed
Published: August 2024

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and fog computing architectures has introduced major security and cyber threats. Intrusion detection systems have become effective in monitoring network traffic and activities to identify anomalies that are indicative of attacks. However, constraints such as limited computing resources at fog nodes render conventional intrusion detection techniques impractical. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates stacked autoencoders, CatBoost, and an optimised transformer-CNN-LSTM ensemble tailored for intrusion detection in fog and IoT networks. Autoencoders extract robust features from high-dimensional traffic data while reducing the dimensionality of the efficiency at fog nodes. CatBoost refines features through predictive selection. The ensemble model combines self-attention, convolutions, and recurrence for comprehensive traffic analysis in the cloud. Evaluations of the NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and AWID benchmarks demonstrate an accuracy of over 99% in detecting threats across traditional, hybrid enterprises and wireless environments. Integrated edge preprocessing and cloud-based ensemble learning pipelines enable efficient and accurate anomaly detection. The results highlight the viability of securing real-world fog and the IoT infrastructure against continuously evolving cyber-attacks.
Mechanistic insights into steroid hormone-mediated regulation of the androgen receptor gene
Authors: Gillen Andrew D. , Hunter Irene , Ullner Ekkehard , McEwan Iain J.
Published: August 2024

Expression of the androgen receptor is key to the response of cells and tissues to androgenic steroids, such as testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, as well as impacting the benefit of hormone-dependent therapies for endocrine diseases and hormone-dependent cancers. However, the mechanisms controlling androgen receptor expression are not fully understood, limiting our ability to effectively promote or inhibit androgenic signalling therapeutically. An autoregulatory loop has been described in which androgen receptor may repress its own expression in the presence of hormone, although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this work, we elucidate the mechanisms of autoregulation and demonstrate, for the first time, that a similar repression of the AR gene is facilitated by the progesterone receptor. We show that the progesterone receptor, like the androgen receptor binds to response elements within the AR gene to effect transcriptional repression in response to hormone treatment. Mechanistically, this repression involves hormone-dependent histone deacetylation within the AR 5’UTR region and looping between sequences in intron 2 and the transcription start site (TSS). This novel pathway controlling AR expression in response to hormone stimulation may have important implications for understanding cell or tissue selective receptor signalling.
The impact of work pressure on decision-making effectiveness among department heads in faculties of educational sciences
Authors: Al-Zoubi Zohair , AlKaabi Ahmed , Qablan Ahmad , Bataineh Omar , Bany Issa Hytham
Published: August 2024

This study explores the dynamics of work pressure and decision-making effectiveness among university department heads within the context of Middle Eastern higher education. It aims to address a significant gap in the literature by answering five key questions: (1) What level of work pressure do department heads face as perceived by faculty members? (2) Does work pressure vary based on gender or years of experience? (3) How effective are department heads in decision-making? (4) Are there differences in decision-making effectiveness related to gender, university affiliation, or experience? (5) Is there a correlation between work pressure and decision-making effectiveness? A quantitative correlational research design was employed, gathering data from a questionnaire distributed to 205 faculty members. Correlational descriptive analysis revealed that department heads are subjected to high levels of work pressure but maintain a high level of decision-making effectiveness. However, significant differences in decision-making effectiveness were noted, with female faculty members performing better regardless of university affiliation or experience. A pronounced correlation was found between the intensity of work pressure and decision-making efficacy. The study underscores that department heads are under considerable work pressure, which could affect their productivity and, crucially, their decision-making processes. Universities are encouraged to take proactive steps to mitigate these pressures and promote a supportive, low-stress environment. Future research could extend this work by employing qualitative methods, including interviews and observations.
Emergency medical service interventions and experiences during pandemics: A scoping review
Authors: Laparidou Despina , Curtis Ffion , Wijegoonewardene Nimali , Akanuwe Joseph , Weligamage Dedunu Dias , Koggalage Prasanna Dinesh , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan
Published: August 2024

Background

The global impact of COVID-19 has been profound, with efforts to manage and contain the virus placing increased pressure on healthcare systems and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in particular. There has been no previous review of studies investigating EMS interventions or experiences during pandemics. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and present published quantitative and qualitative evidence of EMS pandemic interventions, and how this translates into practice.

Methods

Six electronic databases were searched from inception to July 2022, supplemented with internet searches and forward and backward citation tracking from included studies and review articles. A narrative synthesis of all eligible quantitative studies was performed and structured around the aims, key findings, as well as intervention type and content, where appropriate. Data from the qualitative studies were also synthesised narratively and presented thematically, according to their main aims and key findings.

Results

The search strategy identified a total of 22,599 citations and after removing duplicates and excluding citations based on title and abstract, and full text screening, 90 studies were included. The quantitative narrative synthesis included seven overarching themes, describing EMS pandemic preparedness plans and interventions implemented in response to pandemics. The qualitative data synthesis included five themes, detailing the EMS workers’ experiences of providing care during pandemics, their needs and their suggestions for best practices moving forward.

Conclusions

Despite concerns for their own and their families’ safety and the many challenges they are faced with, especially their knowledge, training, lack of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and constant protocol changes, EMS personnel were willing and prepared to report for duty during pandemics. Participants also made recommendations for future outbreak response, which should be taken into consideration in order for EMS to cope with the current pandemic and to better prepare to respond to any future ones.

Trial registration

The review protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (osf.io/2pcy7).