bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) new to China, and description of the pupal morphology of the genera Corythoxestis and Eumetriochroa
Authors: KOBAYASHI SHIGEKI , HUANG GUO-HUA , HIROWATARI TOSHIYA
Published: February 2019

The subfamily Oecophyllembiinae (Gracillaridae) is reported from China for the first time. Two species, Corythoxestis sunosei (Kumata, 1998) (host plant: Mussaenda esquirolii H. Lév. Rubiaceae) and Eumetriochroa hederae Kumata, 1998 (host plant: Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis (Tobl.) Rehd., Araliaceae), are recorded from new host plants from Hunan, China. Pupae of the genera Corythoxestis and Eumetriochroa are described for the first time. We found three diagnostic differences from other genera of Oecophyllembiinae and Phyllocnistis. Corythoxestis sunosei has a unique frontal process flanked by two long processes with a pair of setae, and both C. sunosei and E. hederae have a cremaster with two pairs of caudal processes.
The genus Manota Williston (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) in Japan, with a key to the Palaearctic species of the genus
Authors: HIPPA HEIKKI , KJÆRANDSEN JOSTEIN , SAIGUSA TOYOHEI
Published: February 2019

The Japanese fauna of Manota comprises of 11 out of 14 Palaearctic species with a strong influence of Oriental elements in the southern subtropical parts of the country. The following five new species are described: M. curvistylus, M. kyushuensis, M. omotoensis, M. tripectinata, and M. yaeyamaensis. Three species are recorded for first time from Japan: M. bilobata Papp, 2004, M. epigrata Hippa, 2009 and M. planilobata Hippa, 2008. The hypopygia of the Japanese specimens of M. bilobata and M. planilobata are illustrated. New Japanese records are given of the following three species: M. indahae Hippa & Kjaerandsen, 2010, M. satoyamanis Hippa & Kjaerandsen, 2010 and M. tunoae Hippa & Kjaerandsen, 2010. A key to the Palaearctic species of Manota is given.
A new lacewing (Insecta: Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: LIU YUSHUANG , SHI CHAOFAN , REN DONG
Published: February 2019

A new species of the family Grammolingiidae (Neuroptera) (Leptolingia imminuta sp. nov.) is described from Daohugou village (Middle Jurassic), Inner Mongolia, China. In this new species, MA forks at the same level as the separation of Rs2 from Rs, close to the middle of forewing, this structure of MA is peculiar in Grammolingiidae and is different from that of all other known species. Moreover, this new species is the smallest species known in the family Grammolingiidae (30 mm wing span).
New distributional records for Gyrinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) on New Guinea and nearby islands, with a checklist of the New Guinea species
Authors: POLHEMUS DAN A.
Published: February 2019

New distribution records are provided for the following 16 taxa of Gyrinidae on New Guinea, some of which have not been documented since their original type series were collected in the late 1800s or early 1900s: Porrorhynchus (Rhomborhynchus) depressus depressus Régimbart; Porrorhynchus (Rhomborhynchus) depressus misoolensis Ochs new combination; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) pectoralis pectoralis Régimbart; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) pectoralis biakensis Brinck; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) pectoralis monticola Ochs; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) heurni Zimmerman; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) silenus Brinck; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) sinuaticollis Zimmerman; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) virescens Ochs; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) chalybeus Zimmerman; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) helleri stueberi Ochs; Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) tetracanthus tetracanthus Régimbart; Dineutus (Merodineutus) archboldianus Ochs; Dineutus (Merodineutus) loriae Régimbart; Dineutus (Merodineutus) macrochirus Régimbart; and Dineutus (Spinosodineutes) neohollandicus Ochs. New distribution records are also provided for Dineutus (Dineutus) regimbarti regimbarti Régimbart from East Timor. The type-locality of Dineutus (Rhombodineutus) chalybeus is constrained to Yule Island, on the Gulf of Papua. Updated distribution maps are provided for all the New Guinea species above, a table is included summarizing currently documented ranges of elevation and water temperature for all species treated, and a checklist of all species of Gyrinidae currently known from New Guinea and nearby islands is provided, with species assigned to putative areas of freshwater endemism within the island.
Multi-locus phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Uperoleia toadlets (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the western arid zone of Australia, with a description of a new species
Authors: CATULLO RENEE A. , DOUGHTY PAUL , ROBERTS J. DALE , KEOGH J. SCOTT
Published: February 2019

We generated a multi-locus phylogeny to test monophyly and distributional limits in Australian toadlets of the genus Uperoleia from the western arid zone of Australia. The molecular data were used in combination with a detailed assessment of morphological variation and some data on call structure to complete a taxonomic revision of the species that occur in this region. Our work reveals the existence of not two but five species in the region. Uperoleia russelli is restricted to the Carnarvon and Gascoyne Regions south of the Pilbara. Uperoleia micromeles is distributed from the Tanami Desert through the Great Sandy Desert and along the northern edge of the Pilbara. Uperoleia talpa was previously believed to be a Fitzroyland region endemic but it is further distributed along Dampierland and into the Roebourne Plain. Uperoleia glandulosa is a larger species than previously described as well as a greater habitat generalist, inhabiting the rocky Pilbara region and the sandy region around Port Hedland. We also describe a new species, U. saxatilis sp. nov., endemic to the Pilbara craton.
New Laonice species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from western and northern Australia
Authors: GREAVES ELIZABETH , MEIßNER KARIN , WILSON ROBIN
Published: February 2019

Species belonging to the genus Laonice (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from continental shelf and slope depths off western and northern Australia are described. Three species are new to science (L. lemniscata, L. insolita, L. pectinata), two additional species of uncertain identity are recognised from incomplete material and are similar to existing species. A key is provided to allow identification of all six Laonice species known from Australia. Also, a new standard for the observation of hooded hooks in Laonice is established. One of the Australian species, L. quadridentata, belongs to a group of Laonice species with fused prostomium and peristomium. These species are of great morphological similarity and several are reported to exhibit ontogenetic and individual variability and we discuss the significant taxonomic problems that are a consequence of that variability. The faunas of the continental margin of western and northern Australia were poorly sampled prior to the extensive surveys that generated our study material; this study and other current work suggests that our present estimates of species richness of the Australian marine invertebrate fauna significantly underestimate species richness, perhaps by as much as 50%.
Two new taxa of Euptychia Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Andes of Colombia and Peru
Authors: PULIDO-B. HANNIER W. , ANDRADE-C. M. GONZALO , PEÑA CARLOS , LAMAS GERARDO
Published: February 2019

We describe a new species and a new subspecies of Euptychia Hübner, 1818 from Colombia and Peru: E. cesarense Pulido, Andrade, Peña & Lamas n. sp. and E. cesarense viloriai Andrade, Pulido, Peña & Lamas n. ssp. This new species resembles E. enyo Butler, 1867 and E. rufocincta Weymer, 1911 but shows clear differences in the wing markings, ocellus pattern and the male genitalia morphology. The new subspecies can be distinguished from the nominotypical subspecies described herein by differences in wing pattern coloration. The nominate subspecies occurs in northern Colombia, and E. c. viloriai is known from eastern Peru.
A new species and key to all known species of the genus Ceracris Walker, 1870 from China (Orthoptera: Acridoidea, Arcypteridae)
Authors: CAO CHENG-QUAN , DANG YAN , YIN ZHAN
Published: February 2019

The genus Ceracris Walker, 1870 is a median genus in Arcypteridae, which contains 23 species in the world, among them 11 species distributed in China [Walker, 1870; Bolivar, 1914; Uvarov, 1931; Zheng, 1977; Liu, 1981; Zheng, 1983; Yin, 1984; Liang, 1988; Wang, 1992; Liu et Li, 1995; Ou et al, 1995; Yin et al, 1996; Zheng et Xia, 1998; Zhang et al, 2017; Feng et al, 2018; Cigliano, 2018]. A new species of the genus from Hainan, China is described in this paper. The new species i.e. Ceracris amplicornis sp. nov. is similar to Ceracris versicolor (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893), but differs from latter by antennae short, length of a segment in the middle 2.9 times its width; lateral carinae of pronotum not intact and indistinct in metazona; median area of tegmen without intercalary vein; bridge of epiphallus straight and tegmen of female short, reaching the end of hind femur only. Type specimens are deposited in the Natural Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
A new Calliprora species mining lead trees in Florida (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: LEE GA-EUN , HAYDEN JAMES E.
Published: February 2019

Calliprora leucaenae sp. nov. is described infesting foliage of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. in Florida, USA. The larvae are blotch-miners and leaf-tiers and are capable of heavy damage to host plants. Photographs of the adult, wing venation, male and female genitalia and illustrations of the larval and pupal chaetotaxy are provided. Calliprora Meyrick is transferred to Thiotrichinae, as the species in the genus exhibit typical characters of the subfamily such as the presence of anellus lobes, a large sternum VIII, and a reduced male tergum VIII. Comparative diagnoses of the morphology and ecology are presented for the newly described species and other thiotrichine species.
Isospora brasilsatoae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from thrushes Turdus spp. (Passeriformes: Turdidae) from Brazil
Authors: OLIVEIRA MARIANA S. , OLIVEIRA JHON LENNON G. , RODRIGUES MARIANA B. , SILVA-CARVALHO LIDIANE MARIA , ANDRADE LUCAS DE ASSIS S. , CARDOZO SERGIAN V. , FERREIRA ILDEMAR , BERTO BRUNO PEREIRA
Published: February 2019

A new species of coccidia (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) found parasitizing the yellow-legged thrush Turdus flavipes (Vieillot, 1818), the pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818 and the creamy-bellied thrush Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1850 in Southeastern Brazil is described. Isospora brasilsatoae n. sp. has oocysts that are ovoidal to pyriform, 26.8 × 21.1 μm, with smooth, bilayered wall, ~1.6 μm thick. Micropyle present. Oocyst residuum absent, but one to three polar granules are present. Sporocysts are elongate ovoidal, 18.1 × 10.5 μm. Stieda body knob-like and sub-Stieda body trapezoidal. Sporocyst residuum is composed of granules that appear to be membrane-bounded. Sporozoites are vermiform with refractile bodies and striations. This is the ninth description of an Isospora sp. parasitizing a New World thrush.
A new brachymetopid trilobite from the Early Permian Shakhtau reef complex of the southwestern Urals, Bashkortostan, Russia
Authors: MYCHKO EDUARD V. , SAVCHUK OLES V.
Published: February 2019

New specimens of trilobites from the Lower Permian limestone reef Shakhtau (Sterlitamak, Bashkortostan, Russia) are described as Brachymetopus (Conimetopus) alekseevi Mychko, sp. nov. Although represented by a limited number of specimens, the new species is significant in extending the stratigraphic distribution of the subgenus Brachymetopus (Conimetopus) Hahn and Hahn, 1985, whose members were previously known exclusively from Carboniferous deposits. Material described previously from the Early Permian (Asselian) of the Chelyabinsk Region is also assigned to the new species.
Assessment of the Water-Following Capabilities of CODE Drifters Based on Direct Relative Flow Measurements
Authors: Poulain Pierre-Marie , Gerin Riccardo
Published: February 2019

Direct measurements of the relative water flow near the top and bottom of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) drifters were made in the northeast Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea in wind speeds as large as 15 m s−1. These measurements confirmed that the CODE drifter is a good Lagrangian drifter with a mean downwind slip of about 0.1% of the wind speed. Substantial mean vertical shears across the drifter (top 1 m below the surface) were observed, reaching an amplitude of 12 cm s−1and corresponding to strong stratification (due to the proximity of river runoff) and strong winds.
Large-Scale Flow Patterns Associated with Extreme Precipitation and Atmospheric Rivers over Norway
Authors: Benedict Imme , Ødemark Karianne , Nipen Thomas , Moore Richard
Published: February 2019

A climatology of extreme cold season precipitation events in Norway from 1979 to 2014 is presented, based on the 99th percentile of the 24-h accumulated precipitation. Three regions, termed north, west, and south are identified, each exhibiting a unique seasonal distribution. There is a proclivity for events to occur during the positive phase of the NAO. The result is statistically significant at the 95th percentile for the north and west regions. An overarching hypothesis of this work is that anomalous moisture flux, or so-called atmospheric rivers (ARs), are integral to extreme precipitation events during the Norwegian cold season. An objective analysis of the integrated vapor transport illustrates that more than 85% of the events are associated with ARs. An empirical orthogonal function and fuzzy cluster technique is used to identify the large-scale weather patterns conducive to the moisture flux and extreme precipitation. Five days before the event and for each of the three regions, two patterns are found. The first represents an intense, southward-shifted jet with a southwest–northeast orientation. The second identifies a weak, northward-shifted, zonal jet. As the event approaches, regional differences become more apparent. The distinctive flow pattern conducive to orographically enhanced precipitation emerges in the two clusters for each region. For the north and west regions, this entails primarily zonal flow impinging upon the south–north-orientated topography, the difference being the latitude of the strong flow. In contrast, the south region exhibits a significant southerly component to the flow.
Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work–family Narrative as a Social Defense against the 24/7 Work Culture
Authors: Padavic Irene , Ely Robin J. , Reid Erin M.
Published: February 2019

It is widely accepted that the conflict between women’s family obligations and professional jobs’ long hours lies at the heart of their stalled advancement. Yet research suggests that this “work–family narrative” is incomplete: men also experience it and nevertheless advance; moreover, organizations’ effort to mitigate it through flexible work policies has not improved women’s advancement prospects and often hurts them. Hence this presumed remedy has the perverse effect of perpetuating the problem. Drawing on a case study of a professional service firm, we develop a multilevel theory to explain why organizations are caught in this conundrum. We present data suggesting that the work–family explanation has become a “hegemonic narrative”—a pervasive, status-quo-preserving story that prevails despite countervailing evidence. We then advance systems-psychodynamic theory to show how organizations use this narrative and attendant policies and practices as an unconscious “social defense” to help employees fend off anxieties raised by a 24/7 work culture and to protect organizationally powerful groups—in our case, men and the firm’s leaders—and in so doing, sustain workplace inequality. Due to the social defense, two orthodoxies remain unchallenged—the necessity of long work hours and the inescapability of women’s stalled advancement. The result is that women’s thin representation at senior levels remains in place. We conclude by highlighting contributions to work–family, workplace inequality, and systems-psychodynamic theory.
Human Trafficking, Vulnerability and the State
Authors: Fouladvand Shahrzad , Ward Tony
Published: February 2019

This article looks at human trafficking from a perspective influenced by the ‘vulnerability theory’ developed by Martha Fineman and her associates. It draws particularly on empirical studies of human trafficking from Albania to the UK and elsewhere. It suggests that Fineman’s approach needs to be modified to see the state not only as ameliorating vulnerability, or failing to do so, but as actively creating and using vulnerability to control or exploit its population. The fact that people are placed, for political, social and economic reasons, in situations of heightened vulnerability does not of itself deprive them of agency or responsibility. People should, however, be understood as ‘vulnerable subjects’ whose capacity for autonomy may be lost when they are deprived of supportive social relationships. The implications of this view for the criminal responsibility of trafficking victims are explored.
Life Satisfaction Among Chinese Drug Addicts: The Role of Affect and Social Support
Authors: Cao Qilong , Huang Xuena , Chen Mingwang , Rui Guoqiang , Du Chunlin
Published: February 2019

This study was designed to investigate the mediating and moderating roles of positive and negative affect on the relationship between perceived social support and life satisfaction among drug addicts in China. A sample of drug addicts ( n = 513) were recruited from two compulsory detoxification units in Nanjing. Participants completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MPSS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Correlations analyses revealed that perceived social support was significantly associated with life satisfaction. Furthermore, mediation analysis indicated that both positive affect and negative affect partially mediated the influence of perceived social support on life satisfaction. Hierarchical regression analysis for testing moderating effect showed that only positive affect served as a moderator on the relationship between perceived social support and life satisfaction. These findings might provide a more comprehensive understanding of the overall mental health among drug addicts.
Exploring the Support Needs of People Bereaved by Suicide: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ross Victoria , Kõlves Kairi , De Leo Diego
Published: February 2019

Bereavement by suicide is a unique form of grief characterized by features such as stigma, shame, and rejection that may complicate the grieving process and place people at heightened risk for specific mental health disorders, suicide attempts, and dying by suicide. To better understand the unique support needs of the suicide-bereaved and how these can be met, this Australian study qualitatively explored the experiences of people bereaved by suicide. Fifteen individuals who had lost a spouse or partner or a family member to suicide formed three focus groups across different locations in Queensland, Australia. Analysis identified four dominant themes: changing support needs, difficulties navigating services, experiences of stigma and social isolation, and connecting with others. The results from this study provide a powerful insight into the experiences and specific needs of the suicide-bereaved and could inform further development of suicide bereavement support services.
“Praying Does Not Stop His Fist From Hitting My Face”: Religion and Intimate Partner Violence From the Perspective of Survivors and Service Providers
Authors: Gezinski Lindsay B. , Gonzalez-Pons Kwynn M. , Rogers Mallory M.
Published: February 2019

More than two in five women have experienced sexual violence, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in Utah. The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) who approach their religious leaders for guidance. In depth, semistructured focus groups and interviews were conducted with 102 participants, including 43 survivors and 59 service providers. Data analysis consisted of line-by-line analysis, identifying themes, coding categories, and developing matrices. Religious leaders tended to endorse faith-based resolutions to IPV, or a “faith first” approach, as they prioritized regular prayer and church attendance over survivor safety. Religious leaders lacked an understanding of IPV, trauma and even circumvented larger systems intended to protect survivors. Thus, religious leaders require training to respond to IPV in a trauma-informed manner. With proper education, religious leaders have an opportunity to ally with survivors and domestic violence services organizations.
How to Improve Written Case Analysis and Reduce Grading Time: The One-Page, Two-Case Method
Authors: Passyn Kirsten A. , Billups M. J.
Published: February 2019

Teaching with cases, especially at universities where cases are not a regular part of the curriculum, poses challenges for both faculty and students. The results in this research present an effective and manageable method to introduce the case analysis process and to facilitate written case analysis for both students and faculty. Experiment 1 compares the effectiveness of a semistructured one-page written case analysis over a traditional case analysis and finds the shorter assignment results in shorter grading time and better student grades. A two-case method introducing the case analysis process is tested in Experiment 2 and finds that a short lecture introducing the case analysis method and an initial small group practice case further improves student grades. Theoretical reasoning and directions for future research are discussed.
Mitral valve blood cyst occlusion of the aortic valve leading to syncope: detection by transthoracic and contrast echocardiography
Authors: Ma Xiaojing , Zeng Xi , Wu Yang , Dong Li , Yu Zhengchun , Li Jing , He Jun , He Yafeng
Published: February 2019

Blood cysts of the mitral valve are rare in adults. These blood cysts are often asymptomatic. Blood cysts resulting in severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction leading to syncope have not been previously report. We report an adult who developed frequent syncope due to mitral valve blood cysts occluding the aortic orifice. This condition was detected by transthoracic and contrast echocardiography. The blood cysts were successfully removed. A pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of blood cysts. Contrast echocardiography is a useful diagnostic modality for assessing cardiac blood cysts. This technique can play the same role as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hospitals without MRI or in cases where MRI is not acceptable in an emergency.
Cognitive Appraisal of Child Abuse Among Israeli Inmates: Does Sex Make a Difference?
Authors: Chen Gila , Gueta Keren
Published: February 2019

Sex differences in child abuse and neglect (CAN) have long interested researchers due to their adverse impact. Cognitive appraisal of CAN may also affect the negative consequences. The purpose of this study was to assess sex differences in (a) the experience and (b) the cognitive appraisal of CAN among 247 Israeli inmates. The findings indicated that female inmates experienced higher rates of total CAN than male inmates. No significant sex differences were found in physical abuse, emotional neglect, or cognitive appraisal of CAN. However, there were significant sex differences in ranking the significance of different dimensions of cognitive appraisal of CAN. Paternal partner violence was a predictor of CAN and its cognitive appraisal for both sexes; maternal partner violence was a predictor of both among female inmates only. Even when male and female inmates share similar family risk factors, their effects may differ by sex. Possible clinical implications are discussed.
Chlorhexidine wipes: Time to stop and think about allergy
Authors: Doolan Brigid T , Crilly Helen M
Published: February 2019

Summary

We report three precautionary cases of perioperative anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine isopropyl alcohol antiseptic wipes (CAW). In two cases, the patients were inadvertently re-exposed to CAW despite known chlorhexidine hypersensitivity. Chlorhexidine has been described as ‘the hidden allergen’. As a result, patients may suffer multiple reactions before chlorhexidine is confirmed as the cause. Healthcare workers may not recognize that products they use for common clinical steps contain chlorhexidine. These cases highlight the need for constant vigilance to facilitate the safe management of patients with a history of chlorhexidine anaphylaxis.
A survey of anaesthetists’ use of tranexamic acid in noncardiac surgery
Authors: Painter Thomas W , McIlroy David , Myles Paul S , Leslie Kate
Published: February 2019

Major bleeding in noncardiac surgery is common and associated with serious complications. The antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding and may reduce the risk of these complications. TXA also may have immunomodulatory effects that could reduce surgical site infection. Clinical trials of TXA in noncardiac surgery have been insufficiently powered to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Therefore, large randomised controlled trials of its use in noncardiac surgery are required. To ensure that future clinical trials are feasible and acceptable, we undertook a survey of Fellows of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA). Our aims were to ascertain current patterns of TXA administration and to assess the acceptability of randomising patients to intravenous TXA or placebo. A 12-item survey was electronically mailed to 1001 ANZCA Fellows. Two hundred and eighty nine responses were received and analysed (response rate 29%). Ninety-eight percent of respondents had used intravenous TXA in noncardiac surgery; 67% give TXA routinely for lower limb arthroplasty, with smaller proportions giving TXA for spinal surgery (40%) and other major orthopaedic surgery (28%). Almost half (49%) give TXA routinely for major trauma surgery. Thirty-six percent indicated that they did not give TXA for major vascular, abdominal, pelvic or thoracic surgery. The majority administered TXA as a single, fixed dose. Fifty-seven percent agreed that there is uncertainty about the relative risks and benefits of perioperative TXA in noncardiac surgery and 87% agreed that large definitive trials determining the safety and efficacy of perioperative TXA in noncardiac surgery are required. These results indicate that for ANZCA Fellows the use of TXA in noncardiac surgery is highly variable, that there is uncertainty about the safety and efficacy of TXA, and that a large trial would be acceptable.
Safety Evaluation of Horizontal Alignment Design Consistency on Rural Two-Lane Highways
Authors: Hamilton Ian , Himes Scott , Porter R. J. , Donnell Eric
Published: February 2019

Design consistency in the context of highway and street design refers to the conformance of highway geometry to driver expectancy. Existing design policies provide guidance related to horizontal alignment design consistency. While design consistency has safety implications and is intuitively linked to roadway departure crashes, the authors are only aware of a few studies that sought to link measures of design consistency to safety performance. This study explores relationships between alternative measures of horizontal alignment design consistency and the expected number of roadway departure crashes along horizontal curves on rural, two-lane, two-way roads. The authors analyzed 854 horizontal curves on rural two-lane highways in Indiana and Pennsylvania using data obtained from the SHRP 2 Roadway Information Database (RID) 2.0. Relationships between measures of design consistency and the expected number of roadway departure crashes were explored using a negative binomial regression modeling approach. The results indicate a relationship between the frequency of roadway departure crashes on a study curve and the radii of upstream and downstream curves. The ratio of the length of upstream and downstream tangents relative to a study curve radius was also statistically significant in Pennsylvania. Such findings are intuitive given the concept of design consistency and represent an advancement to existing predictive methods in the AASHTO Highway Safety Manual, which estimate the expected number of crashes on a segment as a function of the characteristics of only that segment.
Current and Common Definitions of Treatment-Resistant Depression: Findings from a Systematic Review and Qualitative Interviews
Authors: Brown Sage , Rittenbach Katherine , Cheung Sarah , McKean Gail , MacMaster Frank P. , Clement Fiona
Published: February 2019

Objective:

No universal definition for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) exists. This lack of consensus reduces the generalizability of study findings and limits the ability to study TRD. In addition, anecdotally, there may be a difference between the definitions of TRD within research and those applied in practice. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify current common definitions of TRD used in both research and clinical practice.

Method:

A systematic review of published literature was conducted to document TRD definitions. Extracted data were grouped based on patient cohort and method of defining TRD. Validation studies were narratively summarized. Interviews with 6 key informants were conducted to understand how definitions are applied in practice.

Results:

In total, 155 definitions for TRD were identified in the published literature, and 48.4% of all definitions specified requirement of at least 2 treatment failures. Key informant interviews indicated the concept of TRD is rarely employed in clinical practice. Instead, concepts like “complex needs,” “struggling with their disease,” and “chronic” are used. When asked directly about how they would define TRD, interview participants said an adequate trial of psychotherapy as well as an adequate trial of at least 2 to 3 antidepressant medications.

Conclusions:

There is no universally accepted definition of TRD, and substantial heterogeneity exists. This study indicates discordance between the use of the term in research and clinical practice, with several key informants emphasizing that the terminology is rarely used in their clinical experience. Development of a shared, common definition across practice and research is required.
Educational Expectations of Immigrant Students: Does Tracking Matter?
Authors: Chykina Volha
Published: February 2019

Immigrants are known to have high expectations to matriculate into college and achieve a college degree. Yet the majority of the studies that examine the educational expectations of immigrant youth focus only on one country. Furthermore, researchers have not yet examined whether the high educational expectations of immigrants are promoted or hampered by the characteristics of educational systems in immigrants’ host countries. This paper examines the relationship between one such feature, tracking, and the educational expectations of immigrant youth in Europe. It shows that cross-nationally, immigrant students have higher educational expectations than nonimmigrant youth. However, for first-generation immigrants, this advantage is not as pronounced in tracked systems as compared with nontracked systems. This suggests that immigrants and nonimmigrants respond differently to the educational contexts that they encounter and that certain features of educational systems can stymie immigrant advancement.
Applying the Psychology of Working Theory for Transformative Career Education
Authors: Kenny Maureen E. , Blustein David L. , Liang Belle , Klein Timothy , Etchie Quinn
Published: February 2019

New models of career education are needed to prepare young people for changes and challenges in the world of work. We propose that the psychology of working framework/theory (PWF/PWT) has the potential to shape career education in transformative ways that are attentive to shifting dimensions of the local context and the marginalization of large segments of the world population in seeking access to decent work. In this article, we present theory and research supporting the PWF/PWT and its application for career development intervention, with specific attention to the constructs of youth purpose and critical consciousness as important resources for coping with massive changes in the world of work and growing inequality. We provide examples of how this might be done, drawing from our current research–practice partnerships that are designing, delivering, and evaluating PWF-/PWT-informed career intervention.
Evolution of retinal changes measured by optical coherence tomography in the assessment of hydroxychloroquine ocular safety in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Martín-Iglesias D , Artaraz J , Fonollosa A , Ugarte A , Arteagabeitia A , Ruiz-Irastorza G
Published: February 2019

Objective

The objective of this report is to analyse retinal changes over a five-year period, assessed by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), in patients from the Lupus-Cruces cohort treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).

Methods

SD-OCT screening was performed annually between 2012 and 2017. Average macular thickness (AMT), ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT) and qualitative data of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and external retina (ExtR) were collected prospectively. We compared data from 2012 (first) and 2017 (second) SD-OCT.

Results

We studied 110 patients and 195 eyes. No cases of HCQ toxicity were detected. At the time of the second SD-OCT, 99% patients had taken a daily dose of HCQ ≤5 mg/kg/day. The median time on HCQ was 133 months. The mean AMT and GCLT were significantly lower in both eyes at the second SD-OCT; however, all the differences were clinically insignificant at less than 1%. Qualitative analysis of RPE and ExtR showed no significant changes. Similar results were found among patients with risk factors for retinopathy. The comparison of patients with and without risk factors showed no differences.

Conclusions

This study shows clinically irrelevant retinal changes in an SLE cohort on HCQ treatment over a five-year follow-up. Our findings support the safety of long-term HCQ at doses ≤5 mg/kg/day.
A two-dimensional energy harvester with radially distributed piezoelectric array for vibration with arbitrary in-plane directions
Authors: Wang Peihong , Liu Xing , Zhao Haibo , Zhang Wen , Zhang Xiaozhou , Zhong Yiming , Guo Yuanchao
Published: February 2019

Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters have attracted much attention in the last decades due to their great potential application in powering various ultra-low-power sensors/actuators in the ambient environment. Many works have been presented to improve the energy conversion efficiency and broaden the operating bandwidth. One purpose of these studies is to harvest vibration energy with a specific excitation direction. However, a vibration source in a practical environment may from different directions. In this article, a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with the radially distributed piezoelectric array is proposed to scavenge two-dimensional vibration energy. Meanwhile, we introduce a new concept, named angle bandwidth, to describe the ability of harvesting two-dimensional vibration energy. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results indicate that this harvester can scavenge vibration energy with arbitrary in-plane directions using the arc-shaped radially distributed piezoelectric array on a flexible cylinder. The experimental results show that this new design has large angle bandwidth, and the angle bandwidth increases from 87.5° to 106.3° when increasing the number of polyvinylidene fluoride elements from one to four. Also, the angle bandwidth of piezoelectric array in series is always larger than that in parallel. Overall, the present two-dimensional piezoelectric vibration energy harvester has the potential for a higher multi-directional vibration energy harvesting efficiency than a traditional cantilever-shaped piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. It also can be used as a self-powered vibration direction sensor.
Women and the PKK: Ideology, Gender, and Terrorism
Authors: Haner Murat , Cullen Francis T. , Benson Michael L.
Published: February 2019

Women have had a long and varied participation in terrorist groups. This project explores the role of gender in one of the most prominent armed organizations in the Middle East, the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, commonly known as the Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (PKK). Rejecting the patriarchal values of traditional Kurdish society, the PKK has been particularly receptive to female membership. Insights on the nature of this participation are drawn from an extensive interview with a long-term, high-ranking PKK official. Inspired by secular egalitarian ideology from its inception, the PKK has created an organizational culture that encourages substantial gender equality in recruitment, training, military missions, leadership, and protections against sexual victimization. It is possible that gender equality in the PKK will have a feedback effect on the broader Kurdish society where patriarchal values remain dominant.
Discrimination, Genocide, and Politicide
Authors: Uzonyi Gary , Asal Victor
Published: February 2019

The first generation of genocide scholars emphasized the role of discrimination in the onset of genocide and politicide. However, second-generation scholars discount such claims and have not found quantitative support for the discrimination hypothesis. We return to first-generation theories linking discrimination to genocide and politicide. We argue that while such policies set the stage for genocide, they do not influence the onset of politicide. This is because genocide is a policy aimed at eradicating the “other” while politicide is a policy designed to eliminate violent threat to the regime elites. Therefore, we encourage scholars not to conflate the logics of genocide and politicide. Statistical analysis of discrimination and government mass murder from 1955 to 2005 reveals that while some causes of genocide and politicide are similar, ethnic discrimination influences genocide but not politicide, as we expect.
Impact of Torque on Assessment of Syndesmotic Injuries Using Weightbearing Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Krähenbühl Nicola , Bailey Travis L. , Weinberg Maxwell W. , Davidson Nathan P. , Hintermann Beat , Presson Angela P. , Allen Chelsea McCarty , Henninger Heath B. , Saltzman Charles L. , Barg Alexej
Published: February 2019

Background:

The diagnosis of subtle injuries to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis remains elusive. Conventional radiographs miss a large subset of injuries that present without frank diastasis. This study evaluated the impact of torque application on the assessment of syndesmotic injuries when using weightbearing computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods:

Seven pairs of male cadavers (tibia plateau to toe-tip) were included. CT scans with axial load application (85 kg) and with (10 Nm) or without torque to the tibia (corresponding to external rotation of the foot and ankle) were taken during 4 test conditions. First, intact ankles (native) were scanned. Second, 1 specimen from each pair underwent anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) transection (condition 1A), while the contralateral underwent deltoid transection (condition 1B). Third, the lesions were reversed on the same specimens and the remaining intact deltoid or AITFL was transected (condition 2). Finally, the distal tibiofibular interosseous membrane (IOM) was transected in all ankles (condition 3). Measurements were performed to assess the integrity of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) and on axial CT scans.

Results:

Torque impacted DRR and axial CT scan measurements in almost all conditions. The ability to diagnose syndesmotic injuries using axial CT measurements improved when torque was applied. No significant syndesmotic morphological change was observed with or without torque for either isolated AITFL or deltoid ligament transection.

Discussion:

Torque application had a notable impact on two-dimensional (2-D) measurements used to diagnose syndesmotic injuries for both DRRs and axial CT scans. Because weightbearing conditions allow for standardized positioning of the foot while radiographs or CT scans are taken, the combination of axial load and torque application may be desirable.

Clinical Relevance:

Application of torque to the tibia impacts 2-D measurements and may be useful when diagnosing syndesmotic injuries by DRRs or axial CT images.
Understanding Economic Abuse Through an Intersectional Lens: Financial Abuse, Control, and Exploitation of Women’s Productive and Reproductive Labor
Authors: Anitha Sundari
Published: February 2019

Financial abuse refers to men’s control over money, assets, and women’s education or paid work. As a corrective to existing undertheorization of men’s (and their family’s) abuse of and control over women’s unpaid (domestic) labor, this article proposes a new conceptualization of economic abuse. Drawing upon life-history interviews with 41 South Asian women from the United Kingdom and India, this article explores control and abuse in relation to financial resources and women’s paid work as well as unpaid work. It utilizes an intersectional perspective to explore how gender, migration status, race/ethnicity, and class can improve understanding of women’s experiences as a continuum of economic abuse.
Successful use of blinatumomab in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and severe hepatic dysfunction
Authors: Robinson Adam C , Marini Bernard L , Pettit Kristen M , Perissinotti Anthony J
Published: February 2019

Relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia poses a significant clinical challenge due to its poor prognosis, with survival rates of less than a year, even with novel therapies. Patients frequently experience toxicities from induction chemotherapy such as hepatotoxicity, which can limit therapeutic options upon relapse. Blinatumomab, a novel immunotherapy, has demonstrated excellent efficacy in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, there are limited data on use of this agent in patients with significant organ dysfunction. In this report, we describe the safe and effective use of blinatumomab in an adult patient with refractory Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph−) acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the setting of severe hepatic dysfunction. Blinatumomab may represent a viable option to treat relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients with significant hepatic dysfunction.
Individual Variability in Reaction Time and Prediction of Clinical Response to Methylphenidate in Adult ADHD: A Prospective Open Label Study Using Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II
Authors: Fredriksen Mats , Egeland Jens , Haavik Jan , Fasmer Ole Bernt
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether reaction time parameters in adult patients with ADHD could predict their response to methylphenidate (MPH). Method: Previously unmedicated patients ( N = 123) were administered the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II (CPT II) at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment with immediate-release MPH. In addition to traditional CPT measures, we extracted intraindividual raw data and analyzed time series using linear and nonlinear mathematical models. Results: Clinical responders, assessed with the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale, showed significant normalization of target failures, reduced variability and skewness, and increased complexity of reaction time series after 6 weeks of treatment, while nonresponders showed no significant changes. Prior to treatment, responders had significantly higher variability and skewness, combined with lower complexity, compared with nonresponders. Conclusion: These results show that the CPT test is useful in the evaluation of treatment response to MPH.
Effects of music on behavior and physiological stress response of domestic cats in a veterinary clinic
Authors: Hampton Amanda , Ford Alexandra , Cox Roy E , Liu Chin-chi , Koh Ronald
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Our objective was to determine if feline-specific music played in a veterinary clinical setting would promote lower cat stress scores (CSSs), lower mean handling scale scores (HSs) and reduced neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) in cats during physical examinations.

Methods

Cats were exposed to one of three auditory stimuli tests – silence, classical music and cat-specific music – during three physical examinations 2 weeks apart. CSSs were recorded at pre- and post-auditory tests and during the examination period. The HSs were recorded at the physical examination period. The physiological stress was assessed via NLRs.

Results

The pre-auditory test showed no difference in CSS between cats listening to silence, classical music and cat music. CSSs for post-auditory tests and examination periods were not significantly different between silence and classical music; however, CSSs were significantly decreased in cats listening to cat music vs silence and in cats listening to cat music vs classical music. HSs were not different in cats listening to silence vs classical music, but were significantly lower in cats listening to cat music vs silence and classical music. No difference was found in NLRs among all three auditory stimuli tests.

Conclusions and relevance

Listening to cat-specific music prior to, and during, physical examination was associated with lower CSSs and lower HSs in cats, but had no effect on the physiological stress responses measured by NLRs. We conclude that cat-specific music may benefit cats by decreasing the stress levels and increasing the quality of care in veterinary clinical settings.
Variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion: a risk factor for femoral stem varus in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Haojun , Gu Jiaao , Liu Xin , Liu Ning , Luan Feiyu , Yin Haorong , Liu Ruixuan , Li Hang , Wang Wenbo
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Correct implant positioning is required to achieve adequate biomechanics. The greater trochanter is more medially or laterally positioned in some patients, known as trochanteric lateroversion. However, studies have not identified correlations between postoperative coronal alignment and variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion on postoperative stem coronal alignment and to investigate other factors related to stem coronal alignment.

Methods:

A total of 213 hips in 149 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty were included in this prospective study. The greater trochanters were categorised into 5 groups according to the degree of variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion, and the stem coronal alignment angle and stem fit were measured on anteroposterior radiographs.

Results:

Postoperative stem varus was positively correlated with greater trochanteric lateroversion ( r = 0.26065, p = 0.0001) and negatively correlated with the stem fit ( r = −0.16568, p = 0.0155).

Discussion:

Excessive variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion was a risk factor for femoral stem varus, and the stem varus position was always accompanied by inadequate canal filling. When the tip of the trochanteric overhang exceeded the centreline of the femoral canal, the influence of lateroversion of the greater trochanter on the femoral stem remarkably increased. Appropriate measures should be implemented to avoid a stem varus position and inappropriate stem fit.