bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of long-term stability of monolithic 3D-printed robotic manipulator structures for minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Krieger Yannick S. , Ostler Daniel , Rzepka Korbinian , Meining Alexander , Feussner Hubertus , Wilhelm Dirk , Lueth Tim C.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

In the era of patient-centered medicine, clinical procedures, tools and instruments should be individually adapted to the patient. In this context, the presented 3D-printed Single-Port Overtube Manipulator System follows the aims to provide patient- and task-specific disposable manipulators for minimally invasive surgery. In a first experiment, the robustness of the monolithic flexure hinge structures in use as robotic manipulators will be investigated.

Methods

Customizable monolithic manipulator structures designed by means of an automated design process and manufactured with selective laser sintering were investigated with regard to long-term stability in an endurance test. Therefore, a bare manipulator arm, an arm equipped with a standard instrument and finally loaded with an additional load of 0.5 N were evaluated by continuously following a trajectory within the workspace of the manipulator arms over a period of 90 min.

Results

The unloaded manipulator as well as the manipulator arm equipped with a standard instrument showed a sufficient reproducibility (deviation of 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively, on average) with regard to an application as telemanipulated master–slave surgical robotic system. The 3D-printed manipulators showed no damage and maintained integrity after the experiment.

Conclusion

It has been shown that 3D-printed manipulators in principle are suitable for use as disposable surgical manipulator systems and offer a long-term stability over at least 90 min. The developed manipulator design shows great potential for the production of patient-, task- and user-specific robot systems. However, the manipulator geometries as well as the control strategies still show room for improvements.
Epigenetic Regulators of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Lineage Determination
Authors: Cakouros Dimitrios , Gronthos Stan
Published: August 2020

Purpose of Review

Although many signalling pathways have been discovered to be essential in mesenchymal stem/stromal (MSC) differentiation, it has become increasingly clear in recent years that epigenetic regulation of gene transcription is a vital component of lineage determination, encompassing diet, lifestyle and parental influences on bone, fat and cartilage development.

Recent Findings

This review discusses how specific enzymes that modify histone methylation and acetylation or DNA methylation orchestrate the differentiation programs in lineage determination of MSC and the epigenetic changes that facilitate development of bone related diseases such as osteoporosis. The review also describes how environmental factors such as mechanical loading influence the epigenetic signatures of MSC, and how the use of chemical agents or small peptides can regulate epigenetic drift in MSC populations during ageing and disease.

Epigenetic regulation of MSC lineage commitment is controlled through changes in enzyme activity, which modifies DNA and histone residues leading to alterations in chromatin structure. The co-ordinated epigenetic regulation of transcriptional activation and repression act to mediate skeletal tissue homeostasis, where deregulation of this process can lead to bone loss during ageing or osteoporosis.
Fighting the War Against COVID-19 via Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: Lessons Learned from 1918 Spanish Flu and Other Previous Pandemics
Authors: Park You Jeong , Farooq Jeffrey , Cho Justin , Sadanandan Nadia , Cozene Blaise , Gonzales-Portillo Bella , Saft Madeline , Borlongan Maximillian C. , Borlongan Mia C. , Shytle R. Douglas , Willing Alison E. , Garbuzova-Davis Svitlana , Sanberg Paul R. , Borlongan Cesar V.
Published: August 2020

The human population is in the midst of battling a rapidly-spreading virus— Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, responsible for Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19. Despite the resurgences in positive cases after reopening businesses in May, the country is seeing a shift in mindset surrounding the pandemic as people have been eagerly trickling out from federally-mandated quarantine into restaurants, bars, and gyms across America. History can teach us about the past, and today’s pandemic is no exception. Without a vaccine available, three lessons from the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic may arm us in our fight against COVID-19. First, those who survived the first wave developed immunity to the second wave, highlighting the potential of passive immunity-based treatments like convalescent plasma and cell-based therapy. Second, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 are unknown. Slow-progressive cases of the Spanish flu have been linked to bacterial pneumonia and neurological disorders later in life, emphasizing the need to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Third, the Spanish flu killed approximately 17 to 50 million people, and the lack of human response, overcrowding, and poor hygiene were key in promoting the spread and high mortality. Human behavior is the most important strategy for preventing the virus spread and we must adhere to proper precautions. This review will cover our current understanding of the pathology and treatment for COVID-19 and highlight similarities between past pandemics. By revisiting history, we hope to emphasize the importance of human behavior and innovative therapies as we wait for the development of a vaccine.
Study on the relationship between the water cutting rate and the remaining oil saturation of the reservoir by using the index percolating saturation formula with variable coefficients
Authors: Zhang Meiling , Fan Jiayi , Zhang Yongchao , Liu Yinxin
Published: August 2020

The water cutting rate is recorded dynamically during the production process of a well. If the remaining oil saturation of the reservoir can be deduced based on the water cutting rate, it will give guidance to improve the reservoir recovery and can save expensive drilling costs. In the oil–water two-phase seepage experiment on core samples, the oil and water relative permeability reflects the relationship between the water cutting rate and water saturation, that is, percolating saturation formula. The relative permeability test data of 17 rock samples from six seal coring wells in Daqing Changyuan were used to optimize and construct the coefficients of the index percolating saturation formula that vary with the pore structure parameters of reservoirs, to form an index percolating saturation formula with variable coefficients that is more consistent with the regional geological characteristics of the reservoir. Based on this, the formula of water saturation calculated by the water cutting rate is deduced. And the high-precision formula for calculating the irreducible water saturation and residual oil saturation by effective porosity, absolute permeability, and shale content is given. The derivative formula of water saturation on the water cutting rate was established, and the parameters of 17 rock samples were calculated. It was found that the variation velocity of water saturation of each sample with the water cutting rate presented a “U” shape, which was consistent with the actual characteristics that the variation velocity of the water saturation in the early, middle, and late stages of oilfield development first decreased, then stabilized, and finally increased rapidly. The research results were applied to the prediction of remaining oil saturation in the research area, and the water saturation about six producing wells was calculated by using their present water cutting rates, and the remaining oil distribution profile was predicted effectively. The analysis of four layers of two newly drilled infill wells and reasonable oil recovery suggestions were given to achieve good results.
Foliar and flowering phenology of three rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) clones in the eastern plains of Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez-Vanegas Albert Julesmar , Correa-Pinilla Diana Elisa , Gil-Restrepo Juan Pablo , López-Hernández Ferney Giovanny , Guerra-Hincapié Juan José , Córdoba-Gaona Oscar de Jesús
Published: August 2020

Annual defoliation and refoliation cycles that occur in rubber trees after 5 years of age have a strong interaction with foliar diseases attacks. The rubber phenology was studied in the eastern plains of Colombia, in the municipality of Puerto López, department of Meta, where variables such as foliar density, percentage of leaves in stages A, B, C and D and flowering density were evaluated in clones IAN 873, FX 3864 and RRIM 600, between August 2016 and September 2018. All three clones showed a foliar density higher than 80% with leaves in stage D, between March and December (weeks 12–50 of the year). The defoliation started in the last weeks of the year, with the beginning of the dry season. The refoliation extended until mid-March (week 11) in 2017, and until February (week 6) in 2018. The presence of leaves in stages A, B and C during 8–13 weeks was observed at the plantation level, according to the clone and the evaluation year. The duration of the refoliation per tree was on average 6.73 ± 0.22 weeks in 2017 and 4.42 ± 0.39 weeks in 2018. Flowering coincided with refoliation, during a period of negative water balance and high solar radiation. Expansion of inflorescences was observed in the first weeks of the year between January and March, with the absence of reproductive development when the crop was dominated by leaves in stage D.
Human Recognition-Behavioral Adaptation System
Authors: Masuda Yutaka
Published: August 2020

I understand that phenomena are compatibly explained via synthetic reasoning-model inducted from the premise. This is my fundamental researching strategy. Now, some neuroscientists suggested that mammalian brains work via network of the neuronal modules, and I and my colleagues reported that the modules are followed by individual humoral stress-coping glycolipids. Here, I noticed that the module-network followed by the glycolipids could be symbolically structured as a model qualitative- and quantitative-reasoning mammalian recognition-behavioral stress-coping system. On the other hand, Evolutionary psychologists understand that human recognition-behaviors originate from animal recognition-behaviors, and philologists premise that human operates language and symbols semantically. I symbolized human recognition-behavioral stress-coping system as the self by using a mathematical logic Complex-network, developed the self to the world by using a mathematical logic Topology, and considered the self and the world as synthetic reasoning-model of human recognition-behavioral adaptation system. Furthermore, I explained human psychological realities: personality, neurotic symptoms, sympathy and empathy, social selection pressure, and nature of psychotherapy via the synthetic reasoning-model. I also analyzed psychotherapeutic strategies of the main psychological parties for clarifying the comprehensions for human recognition-behavioral adaptation system, and finally, I concluded that my fundamental researching strategy is valid for totally comprehending human adaptation recognition-behaviors.
Covid-19: When Species and Data Meet
Authors: Price Catherine
Published: August 2020

This article explores how species meet, in particular humans and the Covid-19 virus. It also draws attention to the digital world through the lens of contact-tracing apps. Here, I examine human-virus-data relations, with humans, Covid-19, and data meeting and intra-acting. This article examines what has led us to this situation with Covid-19 and the role data is currently playing. The article offers an answer to two questions. How do humans, Covid-19, and Covid-19 contact-tracing apps meet and intra-act? What are the social justice issues and problems associated with contact-tracing apps? This article examines how species meet and intra-act, as well as how the Anthropocene has contributed to the current situation. The article also discusses contact-tracing apps and what these apps mean for society. Finally, the article shows how entanglements are not only constrained to those which are multispecies but also stretch out to the digital. These postdigital hybrid assemblages enable the coming together of humans, biological-more-than-human-worlds, and the digital. Postdigital hybrid assemblages enable us to push beyond boundaries, helping us understand Covid-19 and its impacts on society. Hopefully, this discussion about the postdigital hybrid assemblage will contribute to discussions in the future, and long after Covid-19, about how we are living our lives, and who and what we are living our lives with.
Neural networks and arbitrage in the VIX
Authors: Osterrieder Joerg , Kucharczyk Daniel , Rudolf Silas , Wittwer Daniel
Published: August 2020

The Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index (VIX) is considered by many market participants as a common measure of market risk and investors’ sentiment, representing the market’s expectation of the 30-day-ahead looking implied volatility obtained from real-time prices of options on the S&P 500 index. While smaller deviations between implied and realized volatility are a well-known stylized fact of financial markets, large, time-varying differences are also frequently observed throughout the day. Furthermore, substantial deviations between the VIX and its futures might lead to arbitrage opportunities on the VIX market. Arbitrage is hard to exploit as the potential strategy to exploit it requires buying several hundred, mostly illiquid, out-of-the-money (put and call) options on the S&P 500 index. This paper discusses a novel approach to predicting the VIX on an intraday scale by using just a subset of the most liquid options. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this the first paper, that describes a new methodology on how to predict the VIX (to potentially exploit arbitrage opportunities using VIX futures) using most recently developed machine learning models to intraday data of S&P 500 options and the VIX. The presented results are supposed to shed more light on the underlying dynamics in the options markets, help other investors to better understand the market and support regulators to investigate market inefficiencies.
Covering of High-Dimensional Cubes and Quantization
Authors: Zhigljavsky Anatoly , Noonan Jack
Published: August 2020

As the main problem, we consider covering of ad-dimensional cube bynballs with reasonably larged(10 or more) and reasonably smalln, liken= 100 orn= 1000. We do not require the full coverage but only 90% or 95% coverage. We establish that efficient covering schemes have several important properties which are not seen in small dimensions and in asymptotical considerations, for very largen. One of these properties can be termed ‘do not try to cover the vertices’ as the vertices of the cube and their close neighbourhoods are very hard to cover and for largedthere are far too many of them. We clearly demonstrate that, contrary to a common belief, placing balls at points which form a low-discrepancy sequence in the cube, results in a very inefficient covering scheme. For a family of random coverings, we are able to provide very accurate approximations to the coverage probability. We then extend our results to the problems of coverage of a cube by smaller cubes and quantization, the latter being also referred to as facility location. Along with theoretical considerations and derivation of approximations, we provide results of a large-scale numerical investigation.
Global well-posedness for the Cauchy problem of the Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation in 2D
Authors: Kinoshita Shinya
Published: August 2020

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem of the 2D Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation. We prove bilinear estimates which imply local in time well-posedness in the Sobolev space

H^{s}(\mathbb{R}^{2})

for

s > −1/ 4

, and these are optimal up to the endpoint. We utilize the nonlinear version of the classical Loomis–Whitney inequality and develop an almost orthogonal decomposition of the set of resonant frequencies. As a corollary, we obtain global well-posedness in

L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{2})

.
Hospital Readmission After Climbing-Related Injury in the United States
Authors: Forrester Joseph D. , Hunter Kristin A. , Tennakoon Lakshika , Spain David A.
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Rock climbing and mountaineering may result in injury requiring hospital admission. Readmission frequency after climbing-related injury is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess readmission frequency, morbidity, and mortality after admission for climbing-related injury.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of the 2012 to 2014 national readmission database, a nationally representative sample of all hospitalized patients. Rock climbing, mountain climbing, and wall climbing injuries were identified using International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification codes (E004.0). Outcomes evaluated included readmission frequency, morbidity, mortality, inpatient admission, and costs. Adjusted analyses accounting for survey methodology were performed. Data are presented as mean±SD.

Results

A weighted-estimate 1324 inpatient admissions were associated with a climbing-related injury. Most patients were aged 18 to 44 y (64%), and 68% (n=896) were male. Isolated extremity injures were more common than other injuries (49%, n=645). Sixty-five percent (n=856) underwent a major operative procedure. Less than 1% of all climbing-related visits resulted in death. Within 6 mo of the index hospitalization, 2% (n=23) of the patients had at least 1 readmission, with a time to readmission of 9.9±6.6 (95% CI 4.5–15.4) d. Only female sex was associated with increased odds of readmission (odds ratio=5.5; 95% CI 1.5–20.1; P=0.01).

Conclusions

There is a very low frequency of readmissions after being admitted to the hospital for climbing-related injury. A considerable opportunity to describe the long-term burden of climbing-related injury exists, and further research should be done to assess injury burden treated in the outpatient setting.
Influence of glacial water and carbonate minerals on wintertime sea-ice biogeochemistry and the CO2system in an Arctic fjord in Svalbard
Authors: Fransson Agneta , Chierici Melissa , Nomura Daiki , Granskog Mats A. , Kristiansen Svein , Martma Tõnu , Nehrke Gernot
Published: August 2020

The effect of freshwater sources on wintertime sea-ice CO2processes was studied from the glacier front to the outer Tempelfjorden, Svalbard, in sea ice, glacier ice, brine and snow. March–April 2012 was mild, and the fjord was mainly covered with drift ice, in contrast to the observed thicker fast ice in the colder April 2013. This resulted in different physical and chemical properties of the sea ice and under-ice water. Data from stable oxygen isotopic ratios and salinity showed that the sea ice at the glacier front in April 2012 contained on average 54% of frozen-in glacial meltwater. This was five times higher than in April 2013, where the ice was frozen seawater. In April 2012, the largest excess of sea-ice total alkalinity (AT), carbonate ion ([CO32−]) and bicarbonate ion concentrations ([HCO3−]) relative to salinity was mainly related to dissolved dolomite and calcite incorporated during freezing of mineral-enriched glacial water. In April 2013, the excess of these variables was mainly due to ikaite dissolution as a result of sea-ice processes. Dolomite dissolution increased sea-iceATtwice as much as ikaite and calcite dissolution, implying different buffering capacity and potential for ocean CO2uptake in a changing climate.
Just the Facts: The Five F's of Focused Echocardiography in Shock
Authors: Atkinson Paul , Peach Mandy , Lewis David
Published: August 2020

A 60-year-old female presents to the emergency department (ED) with a 3-day history of fatigue and mild breathlessness. She has a history of lung cancer. Her vitals indicate shock with a heart rate of 140 bpm, a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 65 mmHg, a respiratory rate of 28, with an oxygen saturation of 90% on 100% a nonrebreather mask, and a normal temperature at 36°C. Her electrocardiograph (ECG) shows sinus tachycardia. She appears mottled and pale.
‘MY TRAINING IS DEEPLY CHRISTIAN AND I AM AGAINST VIOLENCE’: JASON SENDWE, THE BALUBAKAT, AND THE KATANGESE SECESSION, 1957–64
Authors: Loffman Reuben A.
Published: August 2020

This article examines the Baluba Association of Katanga (Balubakat) from its creation in 1957 until its dissolution in 1964, as well as its leader Jason Sendwe. Despite not receiving much scholarly coverage hitherto, Sendwe and the Balubakat played an important part in undermining the Katangese secession, along with the UN and the Congolese National Army (ANC). This article's focus on the Balubakat and Sendwe challenges the traditional historical focus on top parties, such as the National Congolese Movement (MNC), and their leaders, such as Patrice Lumumba, when examining Congolese decolonisation. Sendwe's pragmatic, non-aligned stance helped the Balubakat maintain the support of powerful institutions, such as the Great Lakes Railway Company (CFL). His ability to hold the Balubakat together also derived from its members’ common wish to oppose the Katangese secession. Yet the efficacy of Sendwe's leadership was best demonstrated after the party disbanded following his assassination.
Socio-demographic risk factors for severe malnutrition in children aged under five among various birth cohorts in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Rocky Khan , Khan Hafiz T. A. , Mondal Md. Nazrul Islam , Kabir Russell
Published: August 2020

Tackling malnutrition is a major health priority for a developing country like Bangladesh. This study explored the differences in prevalence of having only one form, and multiple forms, of severe malnutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight) among under-5 children in Bangladesh, and aimed to identify the important factors affecting these. Data were extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys conducted in 2007, 2011 and 2014. The outcome measures were ‘only one form’ and ‘multiple forms’ of severe malnutrition in children aged under 5 years. A Chi-squared test was performed to find the association of outcome variables with selected socio-demographic factors and logistic regression models were applied to identify risk factors. A total of 19,874 children aged under 5 years were included in the analysis. The overall proportion with one form of severe child malnutrition was approximately 12%, and the proportion with multiple forms was 8%. Age, mother’s education, father’s occupation, mother currently working, watching television, source of water, solid waste used in cooking, intimate partner violence (IPV), wealth index, urban/rural place of residence and birth cohort were found to be significant factors for both having only one and having multiple forms of severe child malnutrition. Children with an uneducated mother of poor socioeconomic class had a higher risk of severe malnutrition. Children of fathers with a professional occupation were at lower risk of having multiple forms of severe malnutrition. The proportions of children aged under 5 years with one or multiple forms of severe malnutrition were shown to be high in Bangladesh. The prevention of malnutrition in the country should be seen as a significant public health issue and given top priority.
Building a ‘Lofty, Beloved People's Amusement Centre’: The socialist transformation of Shanghai's Great World (Dashijie) (1950–58)
Authors: XIAO WENMING , LI YAO
Published: August 2020

Based on a detailed case study of the socialist transformation of the Shanghai Great World Amusement Centre (Dashijie), this article documents state-building efforts during the early years of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Between 1950 and 1958, the Communist regime incrementally transformed the power configuration within Dashijie, promoting dramatic changes in its personnel, institutional structures, drama performances, and physical space. Over the course of this process, Dashijie seemed to become a ‘loftier’ cultural organization in accordance with the aims of its transformation. This transfigured Dashijie, however, fell out of favour with the people of Shanghai. This multifaceted transformation process reflects considerable state capacities on the one hand and illustrates the complexity of state capacities—their unevenness and the limitations of a strong state—on the other. The complexity of state capacities thus shaped and was embedded in the process and outcome of this socialist cultural transformation. Since the Chinese state is once again making strenuous efforts at culture-building, an overview of cultural transformation in the early PRC era has important contemporary implications.
Saving Homeless Children of War, Making Citizens for ‘Peace’: The politics of post-war rehabilitation in US-occupied Japan and beyond
Authors: JUNG JI HEE
Published: August 2020

This article analysesBell Hill(Kane no naru oka), the NHK radio drama designed by US-occupation personnel, and the fervent audience response, while treating this redemption story of war-affected homeless children as a trope for Japanese reorientation under American tutelage. Specifically, it examines the two major tenets of the rehabilitative vision delineated in the serial, liberal guidance based on the principles of self-government and sentimental brotherhood. Questioning the underlying assumption of post-war discourses that they were new, humanitarian fundamentals for Japan's democratic transformation, this study considers liberal principles and sentimentalism as technologies of power and the self that affected both drama's characters and receptive audiences to refigure themselves as responsible and empathetic members of the newly imagined national community. Through this approach, the article suggests a way to resist a simplistic account of Japan's post-war reorientation as either unilateral indoctrination or liberation. The historical experience is instead rearticulated as a process of self-rehabilitation within the biopolitical order of American Cold-War governmentality. This rearticulation opens a further possibility to locate the specific rendering of Japan's post-war rehabilitation within a wider trans-war continuum of human reformation projects implemented through similar technologies of power and the self in Japan and beyond.
A computational network perspective on pediatric anxiety symptoms
Authors: Abend Rany , Bajaj Mira A. , Coppersmith Daniel D. L. , Kircanski Katharina , Haller Simone P. , Cardinale Elise M. , Salum Giovanni A. , Wiers Reinout W. , Salemink Elske , Pettit Jeremy W. , Pérez-Edgar Koraly , Lebowitz Eli R. , Silverman Wendy K. , Bar-Haim Yair , Brotman Melissa A. , Leibenluft Ellen , Fried Eiko I. , Pine Daniel S.
Published: August 2020

Background

While taxonomy segregates anxiety symptoms into diagnoses, patients typically present with multiple diagnoses; this poses major challenges, particularly for youth, where mixed presentation is particularly common. Anxiety comorbidity could reflect multivariate, cross-domain interactions insufficiently emphasized in current taxonomy. We utilize network analytic approaches that model these interactions by characterizing pediatric anxiety as involving distinct, inter-connected, symptom domains. Quantifying this network structure could inform views of pediatric anxiety that shape clinical practice and research.

Methods

Participants were 4964 youths (ages 5–17 years) from seven international sites. Participants completed standard symptom inventory assessing severity along distinct domains that follow pediatric anxiety diagnostic categories. We first applied network analytic tools to quantify the anxiety domain network structure. We then examined whether variation in the network structure related to age (3-year longitudinal assessments) and sex, key moderators of pediatric anxiety expression.

Results

The anxiety network featured a highly inter-connected structure; all domains correlated positively but to varying degrees. Anxiety patients and healthy youth differed in severity but demonstrated a comparable network structure. We noted specific sex differences in the network structure; longitudinal data indicated additional structural changes during childhood. Generalized-anxiety and panic symptoms consistently emerged as central domains.

Conclusions

Pediatric anxiety manifests along multiple, inter-connected symptom domains. By quantifying cross-domain associations and related moderation effects, the current study might shape views on the diagnosis, treatment, and study of pediatric anxiety.
Conditions of existence and subjective perceptions of retirement: quantitative evidence from France
Authors: Apouey Bénédicte
Published: August 2020

This article explores subjective perceptions of retirement in France, using original quantitative data on the customers of a not-for-profit insurance company. The sample contains individuals aged 40–84, who are either in the labour force (N = 923) or retired (N = 705). Perceptions of retirement are measured using closed questions on views of the retirement transition (these views can be positive, negative or neutral) and definitions of retirement (retirement can be interpreted as a period of freedom, boredom, greater risk of precariousness, etc.). Using a number of different social indicators, we examine whether differences in social conditions translate into heterogeneous perceptions. We also investigate whether social differences in perceptions fade away with increasing age. Both working-age individuals and retirees generally have a positive view of the retirement transition and often define retirement as a period of freedom. Perceptions of retirement are shaped by social conditions: a higher level of education and income, greater wealth, better health and stronger social involvement go hand in hand with rosier perceptions. Moreover, we uncover a strengthening of this social gradient with increasing age. Finally, perceptions are positively correlated with satisfaction in various domains, for retirees.
Maximum Ratio Principle-Based Estimation of Difference Inter-System Bias
Authors: Peng Zihan , Gao Chengfa , Shang Rui
Published: August 2020

The tight combination model improves the positioning accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in complex environments by increasing the redundancy of observation. However, the ambiguity cannot be calculated directly because of the correlation between it and the phase difference inter-system bias (DISB) in the model. This paper proposes a method of DISB estimation based on the principle of maximum ratio. From the data analysis, for the standard deviation of code DISB, the improvement of the method can up to 0·179 m with the poor quality data. In addition, compared to the parameter combination method, the standard deviation of all the phase DISB was deceased with the method in the paper. About the phase DISB of GPS L1/Galileo E1, the standard deviation decreased from 0·014/0·022/0·009/0·051 cycles to 0·006/0·015/0·004/0·029 cycles of four baselines, which represents the improvement of 57·14/31·82/55·56/43·14%. About the phase DISB of GPS L1/BDS B1, the standard deviation decreased from 0·014/0·061/0·010/0·052 cycles to 0·002/0·005/0·009/0·004 cycles of four baselines, which represents the improvement of 85·71/91·80/10·00/92·31%.
SCAPHOCHLAMYS LONGIPEDUNCULATA, A NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN THAILAND
Authors: Ruchisansakun S. , Jenjittikul T. , Maknoi C.
Published: August 2020

A new species, Scaphochlamys longipedunculata (Zingiberaceae), is described and illustrated here. It is similar to Scaphochlamys grandis but differs in having 1- or 2-leaved shoots (versus shoots with 5 or more leaves) and peduncle length c.17 cm (versus peduncle length c.7 cm).
Improved Ramsey-type results for comparability graphs
Authors: Korándi Dániel , Tomon István
Published: August 2020

Several discrete geometry problems are equivalent to estimating the size of the largest homogeneous sets in graphs that happen to be the union of few comparability graphs. An important observation for such results is that if G is an n-vertex graph that is the union of r comparability (or more generally, perfect) graphs, then either G or its complement contains a clique of size
$n^{1/(r+1)}$
.

This bound is known to be tight for
$r=1$
. The question whether it is optimal for
$r\ge 2$
was studied by Dumitrescu and Tóth. We prove that it is essentially best possible for
$r=2$
, as well: we introduce a probabilistic construction of two comparability graphs on n vertices, whose union contains no clique or independent set of size
$n^{1/3+o(1)}$
.

Using similar ideas, we can also construct a graph G that is the union of r comparability graphs, and neither G nor its complement contain a complete bipartite graph with parts of size
$cn/{(log n)^r}$
. With this, we improve a result of Fox and Pach.
Study protocol on Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) interventions: a quasi-experimental controlled study on diabetes and hypertension management in primary healthcare clinics
Authors: Sivasampu Sheamini , Teh Xin Rou , Lim Yvonne Mei Fong , Ong Su Miin , Ang Swee Hung , Husin Masliyana , Khamis Noraziani , Jaafar Faeiz Syezri Adzmin , Wong Wen Jun , Shanmugam Sunita , Ismail Siti Aminah , Pang Sarah Hui Li , Nasir Nazrila Hairizan , Ismail Mohd Safiee , Kusuma Dian , Ross-Degnan Dennis , Atun Rifat
Published: August 2020

Aim:

This paper describes the study protocol, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention package called ‘Enhanced Primary Healthcare’ (EnPHC) on the process of care and intermediate clinical outcomes among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. Other outcome measures include patients’ experience and healthcare providers’ job satisfaction.

Background:

In 2014, almost two-thirds of Malaysia’s adult population aged 18 years or older had T2DM, hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia. An analysis of health system performance from 2016 to 2018 revealed that the control and management of diabetes and hypertension in Malaysia was suboptimal with almost half of the patients not diagnosed and just one-quarter of patients with diabetes appropriately treated. EnPHC framework aims to improve diagnosis and effective management of T2DM, hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia and their risk factors by increasing prevention, optimising management and improving surveillance of diagnosed patients.

Methods:

This is a quasi-experimental controlled study which involves 20 intervention and 20 control clinics in two different states in Malaysia, namely Johor and Selangor. The clinics in the two states were matched and randomly allocated to ‘intervention’ and ‘control’ arms. The EnPHC framework targets different levels from community to primary healthcare clinics and integrated referral networks.

Data are collected via a retrospective chart review (RCR), patient exit survey, healthcare provider survey and an intervention checklist. The data collected are entered into tablet computers which have installed in them an offline survey application. Interrupted time series and difference-in-differences (DiD) analyses will be conducted to report outcomes.
Introducing the Electronic Database of Investment Treaties (EDIT): The Genesis of a New Database and Its Use
Authors: Alschner Wolfgang , Elsig Manfred , Polanco Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

This article introduces a novel database on investment treaties called the Electronic Database of Investment Treaties (EDIT). We describe the genesis of the database and what makes EDIT the most comprehensive and systematic database to date. What stands out besides the coverage is that treaties are all provided in one single language (English) and in one single format that is machine-readable. In the second part of the article, we provide selected illustrations on how the data can be used to address research questions in international law, international political economy, and international relations by applying text-as-data methods and by extracting and visualizing data based on EDIT.
Introduction to the symposium. The concept of protean power: change we can believe in?
Authors: Hymans Jacques E. C.
Published: August 2020

This introductory article to the symposium first presents and then critiques the protean power concept of the Katzenstein and Seybert volume. Although the volume underestimates the value of rational choice models to explain some cases of protean power, it rightly demonstrates that our conventional theoretical toolkit insufficiently anticipates many such disruptions. Drawing on the examples of post-World War I veterans' movements and India's 1998 decision to test nuclear weapons, I argue that the protean power research agenda should focus on the reciprocal relationship between radical uncertainty and psychological and behavioral rigidity.
Seeking sanctuary: rethinking asylum and mental health
Authors: Jannesari Sohail , Hatch Stephani , Oram Siân
Published: August 2020

Forced migrants are at an increased risk of mental disorder compared to host country populations. To effectively address this, programmatic and policy responses need to be underpinned by rigorous evidence. Drawing on our experience conducting a systematic review of post-migration risk factors for mental disorder among asylum seekers and our appraisal of related systematic reviews, this paper discusses four challenges facing the field:

(1)

The reliance on Western conceptions of mental health.

(2)

The investigation, to date, of a relatively narrow range of potential risk factors.

(3)

The lack of consistency in the measurement and reporting of risk factor variables.

(4)

The use of the legal term ‘asylum seeker’ to define study populations.

We suggest potential ways forward, including using mental health measures developed in collaboration with communities affected by forced migration, the examination of key risk factors around homelessness and workers' rights, the development of a core set of risk factors to be investigated in each study, and defining study populations using the conceptual category of ‘sanctuary seekers’ – people who have fled their country and are asking another country for safety and residence.
Care Management für Polytrauma-Patientinnen und -Patienten in einem überregionalen Level-1- Traumazentrum
Authors: Jukema Gerrolt N. , Farokhzad Faraneh , Volbracht Jörk , Steigmiller Klaus , Held Ulrike , Bretscher Barbara , Jucker Felicitas , Pape Hans-Christoph
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung. Im Zeitraum 2014 bis 2018 zeigt sich in unserem überregionalen Level-1-Traumazentrum für (Poly)trauma-Patientinnen und -Patienten (Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15) eine überdurchschnittliche verlängerte Verweildauer von 5,1 Tagen im Vergleich zu Swiss Diagnosis-Related Groups (Swiss-DRG), falls sie eine stationäre Weiterbehandlung in einer Rehabilitationsklinik benötigen. Nachdem zuerst innerhalb des Traumazentrums die einzelnen Behandlungspfade analysiert und optimiert wurden, stellte sich zum Schluss heraus, dass eine unzureichende akute stationäre Behandlungskapazität für (Poly)trauma-Patientinnen und -Patienten in Rehabilitationskliniken eine frühzeitige Verlegung in die Rehabilitation verzögerte. Reguläre Trauma-Patientinnen und -Patienten, die keine stationäre Rehabilitationsbehandlung brauchen, sind davon nicht betroffen. In dieser Gruppe konnte eine reguläre Verweildauer im Einklang mit Swiss-DRG festgestellt werden. Die längere stationäre Verweildauer der (Poly)trauma-Patientinnen und -Patienten führt zu erheblichen finanziellen Mehrkosten für das Level-1-Traumazentrum, die nicht von Versicherungsträgern vergütet werden.
Performance Evaluation of a Subseasonal to Seasonal Model in Predicting Rainfall Onset Over West Africa
Authors: Kumi Naomi , Abiodun Babatunde J. , Adefisan Elijah A.
Published: August 2020

The present study evaluates the performance of a Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) model (called The China Meteorological Administration) in simulating rainfall onset dates (RODs) over West Africa. Using two ROD definitions, we compared the model's ROD at six lead‐time forecasts (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days) with the observed ROD from satellite data sets, statistically quantified the model's capability to reproduce the interannual variability of RODs over the climatological zones in the subcontinent, and investigated how well the model links RODs with the dynamics of monsoon system over the subregion. The results show that the mean RODs follow a latitudinal progression and the dates increases northward from the coast. The performance of the S2S model in reproducing RODs largely depends on the definition used. For instance, the ability of the model to replicate the observed spatial pattern of RODs and all the essential features over the three zones in West Africa is stronger with DEF1 than DEF2. Regardless of the ROD definition used, the 20‐ to 60‐day forecasts produced more realistic simulation than the 10‐day forecast. We also found that the performance of the model in reproducing the interannual variability of RODs depends on the zones (Guinea, Savanna, and Sahel). Moreover, the model could reproduce the three main phases of the West African Monsoon (the onset, the peak, and the southward retreat of rainfall) and other dynamics. The results of the study have application in improving S2S forecasting over West Africa.
Deep Geological Structures Associated With Terrestrial Volcanic Hydrothermal Metallogenic System: Evidence From Geophysical Survey in Taohemu Superlarge Silver‐Polymetallic Deposit, Inner Mongolia
Authors: An Zhiguo , Di Qingyun , Wang Zhongxing , Fu Changmin
Published: August 2020

Taohemu deposit is a superlarge silver‐polymetallic deposit discovered in the Great Xing'an Range metallogenic belt of China in recent years. The deposit occurs in the terrestrial volcanic rock sequences of Late Jurassic age. The ore bodies consist mainly of rhyolitic tuffs, brecciated tuffs, and volcanic breccia bearing Ag‐Pb‐Zn mineralization, and are largely conformable with the surrounding layered volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with a gradual transitional relationship manifesting as strata‐bounded features in general. The mineralization system appears to be generally controlled by a paleo‐volcanic chamber. It is suggested that the late volcanic hydrothermal fluids flowed within the permeable layers of rhyolitic pyroclastics consisting mainly of volcanic breccias and breccia‐bearing tuffs. This resulted in the formation of superlarge Ag‐Pb‐Zn polymetallic ore deposit metasomatism and fracture filling. The majority of the deposit occurs as shallowly dipping concealed ore bodies, as defined by sparsely distributed drill holes. Because of its short discovery history, new mineralization style and low degree of comprehensive research, the boundaries of most ore bodies have not been effectively delineated along vertical and lateral extensions. At present, it is crucial to strengthen the comprehensive studies on the deposit, conduct more detailed geological exploration, and establish the metallogenic and prospecting models. For this reason, we have designed and implemented long sections of magnetotelluric (MT) and controlled‐source audio magnetotelluric (CSAMT) sounding across the Taohemu ore field and obtained a large number of geological structures and valuable underground exploration results that provided reliable geophysical support for promoting deep resource exploration.
Heat Transfer in Unfrozen and Frozen Porous Media: Experimental Measurement and Pore‐Scale Modeling
Authors: Vasheghani Farahani Mehrdad , Hassanpouryouzband Aliakbar , Yang Jinhai , Tohidi Bahman
Published: August 2020

In this work, we conducted a mechanistic study on pore‐scale mechanisms controlling heat transfer in partially saturated porous media at unfrozen and frozen conditions. Experimental measurement of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of simulated partially saturated sediments was carried out to explore the effect of different parameters including pore and overburden pressures, temperature, and water/ice saturation on the pore‐scale mechanisms governing heat transfer in multiphase porous media. The experimental measurements show that the heat transfer is a complex phenomenon affected by several important pore‐scale mechanisms such as particle‐particle conduction and particle‐fluid‐particle conduction, which are governed by water content and distribution, packing structure, wettability characteristics of grains, coordination number, and physical contact among sediment particle. A numerical model was also developed for prediction of ETC using free‐energy lattice Boltzmann model and a space renormalization method. The model predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data, showing that the model is able to reliably estimate ETC with average relative deviations of less than 10%, as it appropriately incorporates the pore‐scale mechanisms influencing ETC. The numerical model predictions were also compared with those of six predictive models available in the literature, and root‐mean‐square errors were calculated to assess its accuracy against the existing models.
Integration of Behavioral Health Services and Adolescent Depression Screening in Primary Care
Authors: Buchanan Gretchen J. R. , Monkman Jeyn , Piehler Timothy F. , August Gerald J.
Published: August 2020

Objective: Adolescent depression is a serious behavioral health concern often seen in primary care clinics. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between successful implementation of integrated behavioral health (IBH) services in primary care settings and clinics’ rates of screening adolescents for depression. Method: We examined clinic-level data, with screening rates obtained from a statewide reporting agency and IBH data obtained through an implementation collaborative. Using the Site Self-Assessment, we first examined global IBH integration using a simple regression, then examined specific components of integration using 2 multiple regressions. Results: While an overall level of behavioral health integration was not significantly related to screening rates, several specific components were. These included positive relationships of adolescent depression screening rates with evidence-based practice and provider/staff integrated care training; and negative relationships of adolescent depression screening rates with funding access and integration, organizational leadership for integrated care, and linking to community resources. Conclusions: Clinical implications include the importance of training providers and staff in behavioral health care and regular use and reinforcement of evidence-based practices to facilitate adolescent depression screening. In addition, clinic personnel may perceive less support for IBH implementation from organizational leadership and less financial integration between behavioral and medical services, when clinics have high screening rates. While more research is needed to examine this unexpected finding, it may be that in clinics with high screening rates a culture of valuing behavioral health care leads to a desire for more organizational support for IBH.

Implications for Impact Statement

This study found that there were different valance relationships between components of integrated behavioral health and adolescent depression screening rates. It is therefore important to consider the nuance of integrated behavioral health implementation and practice, and how it may impact the organization and patients. More research is needed to understand the results.