bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARA IBU BLOGGER BERCERITA TENTANG COVID-19: NARASI KETAHANAN KELUARGA DI BLOG PENGASUHAN
Authors: Aprilia Monika Pretty
Published: March 2024

Blogs as an alternative media are now widely used as a medium for telling stories. During the Covid-19 pandemic, there were many stories told by the mass media. However, because the mass media cannot be separated from the goals of capitalism, the information given about Covid-19 often frightens the public. Different stories are offered by the blog authors, who present various interesting stories in this time of the pandemic. This study looks at how family resilience narratives appear in parenting blogs written by mommies. This research used qualitative approach and qualitative content analysis. The object of research is articles related to Covid-19 written by 10 mommy bloggers. The findings show that the articles they write tell three key processes in family resilience, namely the family belief system, family organizational patterns and the communication that occurs in families.

 

Blog sebagai media alternatif kini banyak digunakan sebagai media untuk bercerita. Di masa pandemi Covid-19, banyak cerita yang dituturkan oleh media massa. Namun karena media massa tidak bisa lepas dari tujuan kapitalisme, informasi yang diberikan tentang Covid-19 seringkali membuat masyarakat ketakutan. Cerita berbeda ditawarkan oleh para penulis blog, yang menghadirkan berbagai cerita menarik di masa pandemi ini.

Penelitian ini melihat bagaimana narasi ketahanan keluarga muncul di blog pengasuhan yang ditulis oleh para ibu. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, metode yang digunakan adalah analisis isi kualitatif. Objek penelitian adalah artikel terkait Covid-19 yang ditulis oleh 10 ibu blogger. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa artikel yang mereka tulis menceritakan tiga proses kunci dalam ketahanan keluarga, yaitu sistem kepercayaan keluarga, pola organisasi keluarga dan komunikasi yang terjadi dalam keluarga.
ANALISIS RESEPSI PADA GANGGUAN MENTAL BIPOLAR DALAM FILM KU KIRA KAU RUMAH
Authors: Rachim Ilmiawan Noor , Wibowo Arif Ardy
Published: March 2024

A mental health issue that has been of concern to the public in recent years is bipolar mental disorder. The disorder has an impact on increasing mortality rates, especially death by suicide. One of the Indonesian movies that raised the theme of bipolar mental disorder is the movie Ku Kira Kau Rumah. This research aims to find out how the audience perceives the content of the message, especially regarding Bipolar mental disorder in the movie Ku Kira Kau Rumah.

This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the method of reception analysis by Stuart Hall based on three categories namely Dominant Hegemonic Position, Negotiate Position and Oppositional Position using primary data sources as the main source. The data collection techniques used were interviews with eight informants and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman model including data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing and the data validation technique is source triangulation.

Based on the results of the research data analysis, it was concluded that two informants were in the dominant hegemonic position, meaning that the two informants approved the message conveyed. Then three informants are in a positive negotiated position, meaning that the informant tends to agree with the message conveyed in the film and the last three informants are in an oppositional position, which means that the informant who is in the positive position does not agree with the message conveyed in the film.
Motivasi Belajar Praktik Tari Tradisional dalam Jaringan
Authors: Sangadah Miftahus , Yetti Elindra , Nursilah
Published: March 2024

Miftahus Sangadah. 2021. Motivasi Belajar dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh untuk Mata Kuliah Praktik Tari Tradisional.Skripsi, Pendidikan Tari. Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni. Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Hasil analisis uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dari nilai residual 116 mahasiswa 0.767 lebih besar dari α = 0.05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel penelitian yang digunakan berdistribusi normal. Uji korelasi antar lima indikator, menunjukan saling memiliki keterkaitan dengan nilai signifikansi 0.000. Indikator dengan nilai korelasi tertinggi yaitu indikator minat dan ketajaman perhatian dalam belajar dengan indikator mandiri dalam belajar sebesar 0.615**. Indikator dengan nilai korelasi terendah yaitu indikator ulet dalam menghadapi kesulitan dengan indikator berprestasi dalam belajar 0.256**. Pembelajaran jarak jauh yang diterapkan di Program Studi Pendidikan Tari Universitas Negeri Jakarta merupakan pembelajaran daring yang dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi pembelajaran maupun jejaring sosial. Pengaruh motivasi belajar dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh pada mata kuliah praktik tari tradisional di Program Studi Pendidikan Tari Universitas Negeri Jakarta pada kategori sedang dengan persentase  40.52%.
Praksis Seni Pada Sanggar Swargaloka Jakarta Timur Menurut Perspektif Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Sugiarti Rizky Amelia , Nursilah  , Suwandi Tuteng
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul Praksis Seni pada Sanggar Swargaloka Jakarta Timur menurut perspektif Pierre Bourdieu yang dilakukan berdasarkan permasalahan empiris di lapangan saat ini yaitu sanggar tari hanya berkegiatan sebagai tempat latihan tari tradisional. Namun, Sanggar Swargaloka menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dari sanggar-sanggar lain di wilayah Jakarta Timur. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan praksis seni di Sanggar Swargaloka Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang dianalisis menggunakan teori Bourdieu yaitu habitus, modal, dan arena. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa habitus, modal, dan arena saling berkaitan untuk mendukung praksis seni di Sanggar Swargaloka, hal tersebut bermuara pada kegiatan berkeseniannya yang berbeda dari sanggar lain di Jakarta Timur. Dalam perspektif Pierre Bourdieu, habitus yang dimiliki oleh Sanggar Swargaloka adalah keterampilan yang dicapai melalui pelatihan tari. Modal ekonomi yang dimiliki berupa aset, latar belakang kesenian dan pendidikan sebagai modal budaya, dan relasi sosial baik fisik maupun maya sebagai modal sosial. Arena tempat sanggar Swargaloka berkiprah adalah wilayah Kota Jakarta Timur dan media publikasi.
Pengembangan Media Video Virtual Reality Berbasis Camera Go Pro 360º dalam Pembelajaran Tari Lenggang Patah Sembilan di SMA Negeri 113 Jakarta Timur
Authors: Belinda Putri Amalya Pranoto  , Triana Dinny Devi , Cahyadi Ojang
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh pengunaan media video virtual reality berbasis camera Go Pro 360º yang digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran tari pada siswa serta untuk membantu instruktur sebagai media pembelajaran baru berbasis camera Go Pro 360° teknologi yang lebih efisien. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian metode Research & Development dengan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, development, Implementation, Evaluation). Produk yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah video virtual reality berbasis camera Go Pro 360º dengan menampilkan tarian Lenggang Patah Sembilan. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan ahli materi 100% “Layak”; ahli media 42% “Cukup Layak”, 42% “Layak”, dan 27% “Sangat Layak; ahli pembelajaran 34% “Layak”, 66% “Sangat Layak”; dan hasil dari pengguna media (siswa) 50% “Layak”, 50% “Sangat Layak”. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu video virtual reality berbasis camera Go Pro 360º layak untuk dijadikan media pembalajaran dalam pelajaran Seni Tari, dan dapat memudahkan instrukstur dalam memberikan proses pembelajaran.
Cerita Lisan Lukisan Bunuh Diri Raden Saleh Sebagai Inspirasi Penciptaan Tari Rundung Saleh
Authors: Hendrik Putri Annisa , Ida Bagus Ketut Sudiasa  , Tuteng Suwandi
Published: March 2024

Perundungan atau istilah umum didengar dengan kata bullying. Bullying adalah sebuah situasi dimana terjadinya penyalahgunaan kekuatan atau kekuasaan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang atau sekelompok. Saleh diambil dari nama tokoh inspirasi Raden Saleh Syarif Bustaman. Rundung Saleh artinya kisah atau cerita perundungan yang dialami Raden Saleh Syarif Bustaman. Korelasi dari judul ini adalah kisah atau cerita perundungan yang dialami Raden Saleh yang masih ada dan dialami pada masa kini. Karya tari “Rundung Saleh” berpijak pada gerak dasar tari keurseus dan gerak keseharian dengan menggunakan metode penciptaan Alma M Hawkins. Proses dan hasil perwujudan karya tari disajikan dalam format dance film yang merupakan hasil dari variasi gerakan melalui proses sinematik dan dianimasikan oleh elemen alam atau manipulasi teknologi. Sehingga, karya tari “Rundung Saleh” ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan gambar yang sesuai dengan konsep penataan panggung atau ruangan dekoratif. Penyajian karya menggunakan tipe tari dramatik serta desain dramatik kerucut ganda dengan mode penyajian representasional simbolik.
Famine and Childhood: Ottoman Children’s Experiences during the Famine of 1873-1875
Authors: Çapar Ali
Published: March 2024

This article explores the unique experiences of children who lived in a famine-affected region of Central Anatolia between 1873 and 1875. The deplorable conditions forced some children to consume inappropriate foods, be traded for bread, be abandoned during migration, or be subjected to exploitation and domestic servitude. The article emphasizes the contrast between child-rearing practices and the concept of childhood in the Central Anatolian region and urban areas of the period. This challenges the prevailing emphasis in previous studies that have primarily examined urban children during the period of peace. Emphasizing the famine of 1873–1875, the research underscores that the concept of childhood and the material culture developed and adopted by urban families of the period under the effect of modernization were not observed in Central Anatolia. Thus, it is suggested that examining childhood in the Ottoman Empire necessitates a periodical and regional methodology that considers the socioeconomic and cultural variations that influenced the experiences of children in various regions and eras. In addition, the article delves into the Ottoman government’s response to the famine. The article addresses these issues by comprehensively examining Ottoman archival sources, periodicals and gazettes, together with contemporary accounts and reports from the famine period.
Profit-Loss Sharing Contract as an Alternative to Solve Unemployment in Sudan through Investment in Livestock Breeding
Authors: Edris Mahmoud Mohamed Ali Mahmoud , Bashir Mohamed Sharif , Abubakar Yusuf Sani
Published: March 2024

The profit-loss sharing (PLS) or Mudārabah is an Islamic contract in which one side provides capital and the other side provides work. Profits are to be shared in the proportion that was agreed upon before the contract was implemented. This paper aims to highlight the role of the Mudārabah contract in financing livestock projects, and its use in solving the problem of unemployment in Sudan, where livestock breeding is a productive activity that provides employment opportunities and increases the incomes of the workers, and increases the rates of economic growth, especially since Sudan is ranked among the richest Arab and African countries with its livestock and agricultural wealth, and there is a large number of the population of Sudan working in the agricultural sector including the animal and plant subsectors. A large number of Sudan’s population works in the agricultural sector. The paper also intends to examine the applications of the Mudārabah contract as an investment alternative that can be more effectively utilized in providing employment opportunities for university graduates and job seekers in Sudan. a descriptive-analytical approach was used to define the Mudārabah concept and show the types of its application, and the methods of employing it to finance livestock projects in Sudan. The paper reached several results, the most important of which is that Mudārabah, such as in the Prophet’s practice and its contemporary applications, is one of the most significant investment formulas that can be used to finance productive projects in the livestock sector, especially small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of livestock breeding in Sudan.
Study on the Dispersion Stability and Sealing Performance of Nanoscale Plugging Materials for Shale Formations
Authors: Dong Haoan , Li Zhiyong , Xu Dong , Yan Lili , Wang Lihui , Ye Yan
Published: March 2024

Nanoscale plugging materials are commonly used in the petroleum industry to seal microfractures and pores within shale formations, thereby maintaining wellbore stability and preventing drilling accidents caused by formation collapse. However, the influence of inorganic salts present in the formation and drilling fluids on the dispersion properties of nanoscale plugging materials often affects their sealing performance. In this study, we focus on investigating the influence of three commonly encountered inorganic salts in the drilling process—sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and calcium chloride (CaCl2)—on the dispersibility and sealing performance of commonly used nanoscale plugging materials such as nanosilica and nanoemulsions in shale formations, exploring the dispersion and sealing mechanisms. Zeta potential is used as a characterization parameter, and molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the effects and mechanisms of inorganic salt ions on the dispersion of plugging materials. Filtration and pressure transmission experiments are conducted to investigate changes in their sealing performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the microstructure of the formed filter cake, providing insights into the dispersion and sealing mechanisms. The results reveal that nanosilica agglomerates at zeta potentials ranging from −18 mV to −15.5 mV, resulting in an increase in filtration volume from 93.3 mL to 171.1 mL and downstream stable pressure transmission rising from 330.98 psi to 551.98 psi. Nanosilica (modified with KH570) agglomerates at zeta potentials of −10.3 mV to −9.9 mV, leading to an increase in filtration volume from 93.1 mL to 171 mL and downstream stable pressure transmission rising from 326.98 psi to 553.35 psi. The average gyration radius of the KH570 molecule decreases from 0.347 nm to 0.337 nm under the influence of inorganic salts. In contrast, the dispersion stability of nanoscale emulsions is independent of zeta potential; however, under the influence of inorganic salts, the filtration volume increases from 92.2 mL to 170.9 mL and downstream stable pressure transmission rises from 293.03 psi to 550.98 psi. The average gyration radius of nanoscale emulsion monomer molecules decreases from 0.340 nm to 0.336 nm under the influence of inorganic salts. Microscopic examination of filter-cake morphology shows that inorganic salts not only affect dispersion stability, leading to the aggregation of nanomaterials and influencing sealing performance, but also reduce the deformability of organic particles, thereby affecting sealing performance. The properties obtained in this study provide theoretical references for the sealing performance of nanomaterials in drilling fluids, offering significant value for researchers and field engineers in selecting nanoscale plugging materials for shale formations.
NEDD8 loss causes cancer vulnerability to immune checkpoint blockade in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Mao Yumeng , Papakyriacou Irineos , Kutkaite Ginte , Bedos Marta Rubies , Nagaranjan Divya , Alford Liam , Menden Michael
Published: March 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy aims to activate the immune system to eliminate cancer cells. However, clinical benefits are only recorded in a subset of patients. Here, we leveraged genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens in a Tumor-Immune co-Culture System focusing on triple-negative breast cancer. We revealed that NEDD8 loss caused a vulnerability to nivolumab. Genetic deletion of NEDD8 only delayed cell division initially but cell proliferation was unaffected after recovery. Since the NEDD8 gene is commonly essential, we validated this paradigm shift with additional CRISPR screens and uncovered significantly enhanced immunogenicity in NEDD8 deficient cells using proteomics. In immunocompetent mice, PD-1 blockade lacked efficacy against established EO771 breast cancer tumors. In contrast, we observed curative effects mediated by CD8+ T cells against NEDD8 deficient EO771 tumors after PD-1 blockade. In essence, we provide evidence that NEDD8 is conditionally essential in triple-negative breast cancer and presents a synergistic drug target for PD-1/L1 blockade therapy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel β-CD-Xanthate and Its Application in the Treatment of Heavy Metal Containing Wastewater and Lignin Enriched Paper Industry Wastewater
Authors: Chaurasiya Arbind , Pande Poorn Prakash , Dey Kajal Kumar , Tripathi Narendra Pratap , Kumar Ravi , Singh Bablu Kumar , Kumar Tripathi Shivam Saroj
Published: March 2024

Three grades of xanthates of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) viz. β-CDX1 β-CDX2 and β-CDX3 have been synthesized by the rection of β-CD with CS2 in alkaline medium (NaOH), through xanthation process. The synthesized β-CDXs have been characterized by UV, FTIR, 1HNMR, DSC, ΔpHPZC and SEM analysis. Further, β-CDXs and raw β-CD has been used for the heavy metals removal (Cu2+ and Ni2+) and also lignin removal from lignin enriched paper industry wastewater (LEPIW). The maximum % removal of β-CD, β-CDX1, β-CDX2 and β-CDX3 have been found to be 73.6, 91.9, 93.4 & 95.8% for Cu2+ ion and 65.8, 88.6, 91.3 & 94.1% for Ni2+ ion at optimum adsorbent dosage 2.0 g/L, pH 6.5, initial concentration 1000 mg/L, temperature 45 oC for Cu2+ and 55 oC for Ni2+, and contact time: 80 min for Cu2+ and 100 min for Ni2+ ion respectively. While LEPIW treatment efficacy of 54, 77, 83 and 86% has been noticed (initial COD: 2.0 g/L, pH: 7, optimum temperature: 40°C at 80 min operating time) for β-CD, β-CDX1, β-CDX2 and β-CDX3 respectively. The calculated data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model confirming the adsorption of Cu2+ & Ni2+ ions onto the β-CDXs adsorbent is monolayer. The rate of adsorption of heavy metals (Cu2+ and Ni2+) on the β-CDXs adsorbent has been controlled by kinetic model of Pseudo second order indicating the chemisorption. The optimal adsorption capacities of β-CD, β-CDX1, β-CDX2 and β-CDX3 has been found to be 357.14, 473.93, 510.20 & 534.75 mg/g for Cu2+ and 294.11, 384.61, 408.16 & 423.72 mg/g and for Ni2+ ions, respectively.
End-user perspectives on the acceptability, feasibility, and health equity impacts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific antigen-based skin tests compared to interferon gamma release assays and the tuberculin skin test: A semi-structured interview study
Authors: Loveys Kate , Chan Amy Hai Yan , Hamada Yohhei , Rangaka Molebogeng X
Published: March 2024

Background
Antigen-based skin tests (TBST) have been developed for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection (TBI). TBST may have comparable sensitivity and specificity to Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRA), the gold standard in TBI testing. However, they are portable and low cost, and may be better suited for use in large scale screening programmes and in resource-limited settings. To date, there is limited evidence on stakeholder values and preferences, and the acceptability, feasibility, and health equity impacts of TBST relative to existing TBI tests.
Methods
We explored end-user values and preferences, and perspectives on the acceptability, feasibility, and health equity impacts of TBST compared to IGRA and tuberculin skin tests (TST). 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with TB healthcare consumers and providers from low-middle and high-income countries between Sept 07, 2021 and Nov 01, 2021. Data were transcribed verbatim and coded by two independent raters using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
Seven consumers and 13 providers of TB healthcare were interviewed from 11 low-middle and 9 high-income countries. Healthcare consumers and providers shared similar values and preferences towards TBI tests. Stakeholders valued TBI test accuracy, convenience, cost, patient experience, and resource requirements. Overall, TBST were viewed as more acceptable and equally feasible to TST, with greater health equity benefits from improved sensitivity and specificity. TBST were generally viewed to be less acceptable than IGRA due to some undesirable aspects of the patient experience (eg requires two patient visits, stigma and discomfort from the arm welt). TBST were viewed as more feasible than IGRA in resource-limited settings due to their portability and low cost. However, TBST are unlikely to replace IGRA in high-resource settings where the resourcing is already in place to support IGRA use.
Conclusions
TBST may be a more accurate alternative to TST that could be used in large scale screening programmes and in resource-limited healthcare settings. IGRA are likely to remain the preferred TBI test in high-resource healthcare settings as they have comparable sensitivity and specificity, and the resourcing is already in place for IGRA use. These findings may inform decision-making on TBI tests in global public healthcare.
Contraceptives use among reproductive-age women in New Juaben Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Abrah Phyllis , Kumar Vibha , Aziato Lydia
Published: March 2024

Background
Reproductive-age women in New Juaben Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana have been found to have a high rate of unplanned pregnancies despite the availability of modern contraceptives. However, no study has been done in the Municipality regarding the perception, threats, barriers, or challenges these women face in utilizing modern contraceptive services. Therefore, this study sought to identify and help address critical issues faced by reproductive-age women in the use of modern contraceptives.
Methods
The study adopted a basic qualitative approach and collected data through individual interviews. The participants were purposefully selected and informed consent was obtained. After the transcription of interviews, the data were analyzed inductively using thematic content analysis techniques.
Results
The participants acknowledged the negative consequences of unintended pregnancy, and they expressed the desire to use modern contraceptives to either prevent unintended pregnancy or space their births. The study also established that the low utilization of modern contraceptive services is influenced by low knowledge, misconceptions, religious beliefs, and perceptions about the side effects of using modern contraceptives.
Conclusions
It is necessary for all health professionals to create more awareness and intensify education on modern contraceptive methods while taking the health belief context into consideration.
Exceptional precision of LC passive wireless sensors using nonlinear PT-symmetric configurations
Authors: Huang Qing-An , Chen Dong-Yan , Dong Lei
Published: March 2024

An inductor–capacitor (LC) passive wireless sensor is essential to physical, chemical, and biological sensing for scenarios where physical access is difficult. For emerging applications such as implantable, wearable, or other devices with geometrical constraints, the resulting small inductor coils weaken the strength of interrogation signals. It is therefore highly desired to enhance the sensitivity. Exceptional points (EPs) of parity-time (PT) symmetric LC systems featuring the linear loss and gain have been recently utilized for enhancing sensing. However, the EP sensing scheme might bring about fundamental resolution limits and noise enhancement. Here, we show, using PT-symmetric LC configurations of the linear loss and saturable gain, that the responsivity has a cube-root singularity distinct from a square-root singularity of the linear EP-scheme. The saturable gain allows the system to automatically achieve a steady-state oscillation, which eliminates the imaginary part of the eigenfrequencies and significantly suppresses the noise. As a result, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is dramatically enhanced. Through an example of LC wireless flexible temperature sensors, we demonstrate the high SNR for the nonlinear PT-symmetric configuration. Our results resolve a debate on the effectiveness of the EP sensing scheme for LC sensors and pave the way for these types of sensor with exceptional precision.
Retrospective study of preoperative CA199 combined control nutritional status score to predict the prognosis of distal cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Gang , Li Qing , Ge Xinyu , Wang Tianyi , Wang Ximin , Lu Yiming , Xu Jiahua , Wang Wei
Published: March 2024

Distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) can be independently predicted by the Control of Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and CA199 levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the CONUT score and CA199 to predict surgical outcomes in patients with dCCA in combination with CA199. An examination of preoperative CONUT scores and serum CA199 levels was conducted retrospectively. The patients were categorized into four groups according to their preoperative CONUT scores and serum CA199 concentrations. The examination of the differences between overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was also conducted among different groups of patients.The preoperative CONUT-CA199 score is a prognostic factor that can independently forecast the results for surgical distal bile duct carcinoma patients. In the Cox multivariate regression analysis, lymph node metastasis positivity, decreased serum albumin (ALB), elevated CA199, elevated CONUT, and elevated significant unfavorable prognostic markers for distal bile duct carcinoma were discovered to be CA199-CONUT scores. Meanwhile, in the ROC curve analysis, compared to preoperative CA199 and preoperative CONUT scores separately, the combined preoperative CONUT-CA199 score exhibited a higher Area Under the Curve (AUC) value.Compared to any single factor, it provided more accurate prognostic information for postoperative distal bile duct cancer patients.Moreover, patients' OS and RFS are negatively correlated with their preoperative CONUT-CA199 score.Patients with postoperative distal bile duct carcinoma can be independently predicted by their preoperative CONUT-CA199 score, and patients with distal bile duct carcinoma may have a better postoperative outcome when their CONUT-CA199 scores are classified.
A Resistance-Evading Antibiotic for Treating Anthrax
Authors: Hughes Dallas , Lawrence William , Peel Jennifer , Rosan de Winter , Ling Losee , Niiti Nitti , Aaron Peoples , Shukla Rhythm , MacGillavry Harold , Heine Henry , Martha Hensel , Elbert Whorton , Weingarth Markus , Lewis Kim
Published: March 2024

The antimicrobial resistance crisis (AMR) is associated with millions of deaths and undermines the franchise of medicine. Of particular concern is the threat of bioweapons, exemplified by anthrax. Introduction of novel antibiotics helps mitigate AMR, but does not address the threat of bioweapons with engineered resistance. We reasoned that teixobactin, an antibiotic with no detectable resistance, is uniquely suited to address the challenge of weaponized anthrax. Teixobactinbinds to immutable targets, precursors of cell wall polymers. Here we show that teixobactinis highly efficacious in a rabbit model of inhalation anthrax. Inhaling spores of Bacillus anthracis causes overwhelming morbidity and mortality. Treating rabbits with teixobactinafter the onset of disease rapidly eliminates the pathogen from blood and tissues, normalizes body temperature, and prevents tissue damage. Teixobactinassembles into an irreversible supramolecular structure of the surface of B. anthracis membrane, likely contributing to its unusually high potency against anthrax. Antibiotics evading resistance provide a rational solution to both AMR and engineered bioweapons.
Predictors of absenteeism: A longitudinal cohort study of Japanese elementary and junior high schools
Authors: Soma Yuki , Ogasawara Yu , Kobayashi Hiromi
Published: March 2024

Background
Continuous schooling and healthy learning during childhood is essential. Therefore, we investigated the risk factors for absenteeism to support at-risk students. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between absenteeism and frequency of school health room usage, academic performance, body mass index, physical fitness, and lifestyle in the first grade of elementary school using accumulated data from elementary and junior high school students.
Methods
We analyzed 453 students enrolled in the target elementary and junior high schools in January 2022. The analysis used data obtained from the students’ schoolwork. We performed a Cox regression analysis to assess the characteristics associated with absenteeism for 10 days or more, excluding absences due to relatives’ funerals and suspension of attendance. The independent variables were the frequency of use of the health room, grade points of subjects, grade point average of all subjects, body mass index, physical fitness, frequency of physical activity, and days of good sleep.
Results
A total of 50 students (27 girls, 11.7%; 23 boys, 10.4%) had 10 days or more of absenteeism. The median (1st–3rd quartile) follow-up period for girls and boys was three (2–5) years. After adjusting for potential confounders, the grade point average and frequency of use of school health rooms due to illness were common in both girls (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.252) and boys (HR = 1.261) in the adjusted model. Additionally, three or more days of physical activity per week (HR = 0.047) and six or more days of good sleep were additional predictors for girls.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that careful monitoring of children with frequent school health room usage, low grade point average, minimal physical activity, and poor sleep quality in the first grade of elementary school and providing them support in dealing with school difficulties may reduce absenteeism.
FGF21 improves ventricular remodeling in TAC induced heart failure rats
Authors: Fan Liuzhang , Yan MD；Jingjin , Ma genshan , Ju Yunfeng
Published: March 2024

Background: Studies have found that elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels in patients with heart failure (HF) predicted poor prognosis. While preclinical studies have found that FGF21 plays a favorable role in the pathophysiological process of heart failure. Clinically, this increase in serum FGF21 seems to contradict the results of preclinical studies, therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze whether FGF21 can improve ventricular remodeling in the HF rats, thereby improving cardiac function.
Methods: The HF model of transverse aortic coarctation (TAC) was conducted and divided into 4 groups: sham group (Sham), TAC model group (TAC), TAC+FGF21 neutralizing antibody (FGF21nAb) group (TAC+FGF21nAb), and TAC+FGF21nAb+recombinant mouse FGF21 (rmFGF21) group (TAC+FGF21nAb+rmFGF21). Echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), Masson staining, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot (WB) were used to evaluate the changes of cardiac structure and function in each group. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in myocardial tissue was determined by colorimetry. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myocardial tissue was determined by chemiluminescence method.
Results: Serum FGF21 level in the TAC+FGF21nAb group was significantly lower than that in the TAC group (29.42±8.54pg/ml vs1886.65±169.51 pg/ml, P<0.001). Compared with the Sham group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS)were significantly decreased (P<0.001), with a significant increase in serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (P<0.05) in the TAC group and TAC+FGF21nAb group. However, after 3 weeks of rmFGF21 treatment, LVEF and LVFS were significantly increased (P<0.001), and serum BNP was significantly decreased (P<0.001). Compared to the Sham group, the heart mass significantly increased (P<0.01), myocardial cell hypertrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration，a large amount of fiber deposits in myocardium and around blood vessels, ROS level significantly increased (P<0.001), and the ATP content was significantly decreased (P<0.001) were observed in the TAC group and TAC+FGF21nAb group. While rmFGF21 could improve the above phenomenon.
Conclusion: FGF21 can improve ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in HF rats by anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, reducing oxidative stress and regulating energy metabolism.
New record of Velvety Black Tyrant Knipolegus Nigerrimus (Vieillot, 1818) (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae) at low altitude, in a Caatinga area, Paraíba, Brazil
Authors: Silva Ricardo Henrique Pereira , Souza José Alan Sales , de Lucena Bruno Pinho , Mariano Erich de Freitas
Published: March 2024

Knipolegus nigerrimus is a widely distributed species in the Caatinga and has been recorded at altitudes between 560 and 1000 m. Here, we describe the occurrence of K. nigerrimus at an altitude lower than that recorded in the literature. A male individual was recorded during an avifauna study conducted in 2022 in the municipality of Passagem, Paraíba, Brazil. The individual was observed making short flights near a rocky wall and landing on rocks in the vicinity. At that time, the individual was photographed and photographs were used to identify the species. One possible explanation for what happened is that it moved to a low-altitude environment in search of a watercourse present at the site. However, the observed behaviour is described in the literature as parental care behaviour, which may indicate the presence of a nest at the site. This record is important because it shows a possible behavioural adaptation.
The gills and skin microbiota of five pelagic fish species from the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Varela Jose Luis , Nikouli Eleni , Medina Antonio , Papaspyrou Sokratis , Kormas Konstantinos
Published: March 2024

The gills and skin microbiota and microbiome of wild fish remain far more under-investigated compared to that of farmed fish species, despite that these animal-microbe interactions hold the same ecophysiological roles in both cases. In this study, the gills and skin bacterial microbiota profiles and their presumptive bacterial metabolisms were investigated in five open-sea fishes: bullet tuna (Auxis sp.), common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), Atlantic little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus), Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) and Atlantic white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus). Gills and skin tissues were collected from two to three individuals per species, from specimens caught by recreational trolling during summer of 2019 and their bacterial 16S rRNA gene diversity was analysed by high-throughput sequencing. The gills bacterial communities among the five species were clearly different but not the skin bacterial microbiota. The dominant operational taxonomic units beloged to the Moraxellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Staphylococcaceae and Vibrionaceae families. Despite the differences in taxonomic composition, the presumptive metabolisms between the gills and skin of the five fishes investigated here was ≥ 94% and were dominated by basic metabolism, most likely reflecting the continuous exposure of these tissues in the surrounding seawater.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of high-strength concrete Bridge under post-fire earthquakes considering hydrodynamic effects
Authors: Yun Gaojie , Liu Chunguang
Published: March 2024

A host of investigations on the fire resistance of concrete structures after-earthquakes and the fire resistance of concrete structures. This study utilized the linear interpolation method to deduce the curve relationship of elastic modulus and stress with temperature of high-strength concrete C60, and then the nonlinear dynamic analysis of high-strength concrete bridge structures under post-fire earthquake action is evaluated. The nonlinear dynamic response laws of high-strength concrete total bridge structures under different water depths are evaluated. The seismic capacity of high-strength concrete bridge structures under the influence of hydrodynamic effects and temperature effects is comparatively evaluated, and the results show that the hydrodynamic effect provides the external force, the temperature effect changes the concrete material properties, and the combined effect of the temperature effect and the hydrodynamic effect is significant than the effect independent of the temperature effect and the hydrodynamic effect. It is complicated and significantly increases the displacement and stress response of the bridge. The combined effects of the hydrodynamic effect and the temperature effect cannot merely be characterised as a linear superposition of the two single actions. The temperature effect on the structure is more significant than the hydrodynamic effect.
Identification of a urinary CD276 fragment for detecting resectable pancreatic cancer using a C-terminal proteomics strategy
Authors: Mitsunaga Shuichi , Okumura Nobuaki , Takei Toshiki , Takao Toshifumi , Tsubouchi Hironobu , Nakata Kohei , Nakamura Masafumi , Kitahata Yuji , Motobayashi Hideki , Ikeda Masafumi , Nakazato Masamitsu
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to confirm urinary protein fragments in relation to the presence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) via a C-terminal proteomics strategy using exploratory and validation cohorts. Urinary fragments were examined by iTRAQ-labelling of tryptic peptides and concentrations of C-terminal fragments were evaluated. Only the urinary CD276 fragment showed a fold change (FC) of > 1.5 with a significant difference of P < 0.01 between healthy (H) and PDAC participants in both the exploratory (H, n = 42; PDAC, n = 39) and validation cohorts (H, n = 36; resectable PDAC, n = 28). The sensitivity and specificity of the CD276 fragment for diagnosing resectable PDAC were 75% and 89%, respectively, in the validation cohort. Postoperative urinary levels of the CD276 fragment were low as compared to those before surgery (n = 18, P < 0.01). Comprehensive C-terminus proteomics identified an increase in the urinary CD276 fragment level as a feature of patients with PDAC. The urinary CD276 fragment is a potential biomarker for detecting resectable PDAC.
Molecular characterization and phylogeny based on ITS2 and 28S regions of rDNA of Microphallus sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) parasitic in freshwater crabs of Manipur, India
Authors: Athokpam Voleentina Devi , Goswami Lalit Mohan , Tandon Veena
Published: March 2024

Freshwater crabs (Potamiscus manipuriensis), commonly consumed as local delicacies by the native people in the state of Manipur, were found to harbour metacercariae of Microphallus sp. (Family Microphyllidae), which were morphologically different from metacercariae of Microphallus indicus reported earlier from a different host (Barytelphusa lugubris mansoniana) in Meghalaya, another state in Northeast India. So, PCR-based molecular characterization of this metacercaria was done utilizing rDNA marker regions: larger subunit (LSU) or 28S and inter-transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the taxon under study belonged to family Microphyllidae. The ITS2 secondary structure data analyses also confirmed the primary sequence analysis. The analysis also revealed sequence differences in one hundred and nineteen bases (with 38 transitions, 35 transversions and 46 indels) with regard to 28S, though ITS2 showed sequence differences in 25 bases (10 transitions, 7 transversions and 8 indels) between the present microphallid and M. indicus.
Causal role of immune cells in digestive system cancers: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Junfeng , Li Ying , Li Ruyue , Yao Xiujing , Dong Xue , Li Yintao
Published: March 2024

Background: Immune cell characteristics and digestive system cancers (DSCs) are correlated; however, the causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and DSCs remains unclear. In this study, a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed based on publicly available genetic data to investigate the causal relationship between 731 immunophenotypes and the risk of esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular cancer (HCC), gallbladder cancer, small intestine cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), and pancreatic cancer (PCA) development.
Methods: Inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median methods were used for the MR analysis.
Results: IVW results confirmed that among the 731 immunophenotypes, three, six, two, two, four, and five immunophenotypes had significant causal effects on the development of GC, HCC, gallbladder cancer, small intestine cancer, CRC, and PCA, respectively. However, immunophenotypes with a significant causal relationship with EC were not found. Moreover, the instrumental variables did not exhibit significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.
Conclusions: This MR study demonstrated a close association between immune phenotype and DSCs through genetic means and could guide future clinical studies.
Prediction of forming accuracy in incremental sheet forming using artificial neural networks on local surface representations
Authors: Möllensiep Dennis , Detering Lukas , Kulessa Philipp , Steinhof Matthias , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: March 2024

While incremental sheet metal forming offers the potential for producing sheet metal parts in small lot sizes, the relatively low forming accuracy prevents a widespread industrial use. For improving the forming accuracy, research institutes are using machine learning techniques to predict the geometric accuracy and modify the toolpath based on the prediction. A critical challenge is it to ensure the generalisability of the prediction model as only a small amount of process data is available to train the model due to the lack of industrial collaborations. This publication presents a highly transferable feature engineering approach where surface representations of the part's geometry around each toolpath point are transferred into a standardized coordinate system. Several artificial neural networks were trained and used for predicting the forming accuracy and modifying the toolpath. During the validation experiments, the forming errors of parts which were independent of the training process were reduced by up to 68.5 %. The framework for computing the surface representations alongside with several pre-trained artificial neural networks is publicity available for download.
First Case of Infant Botulism in Sicily - Case Report
Authors: Fazzino Antonino , Cavallaro Carmelinda , Cavataio Francesca , Linares Giulia , Cascio Antonina Lo , Porto Carla Lo , Santangelo Giuseppe , Venuti Laura , Corsello Giovanni , Colomba Claudia
Published: March 2024

Background
Botulism is a rare and life-threatening disease caused by the potent botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which can be produced by Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) and related bacteria. Clinical manifestations, which include a symmetrical, descending muscular paralysis, generalized hypotonia, and potentially respiratory failure, are non-specific and diagnosis is challenging, especially when anamnesis does not reveal any typical risk factor, like honey consumption.
Case Presentation:
We present the first documented case of infant botulism (IB) in Sicily and provide and discuss the challenges posed by this complex condition. The infant, exclusively breastfed and without known exposure to honey, presented with poor suction, hypotonia, and hyporeactivity. A thorough investigation revealed a history of constipation and exposure to dust from home renovation works, leading to the suspicion of botulism. The botulinum antitoxin was administered and the diagnosis was confirmed through fecal examination, detecting toxin-producing C. botulinum.
Conclusion
IB should be considered in every infant with rapidly progressing hypotonia and a history of constipation. The transmission could occur through the inhalation of dust particles containing the toxin, highlighting the importance of exploring diverse sources of exposure. Timely diagnosis and treatment played a crucial role in the successful outcome, demonstrating the significance of early intervention in managing IB.
Diagnostic performance of low b-value versus high b-value diffusion kurtosis imaging in the detection of renal cell carcinoma: a comparative study
Authors: Zhu Qingqiang , Sun Jun , Ye Jing , Zhu Wenrong , Chen Wenxin
Published: March 2024

Background
Although diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) values of renal tumors have been well analyzed by previous studies, no study has yet examined the b-values of DKI with respect to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The aim of the current study was to produce a quantitative comparison of the potential of low b-value (0, 500, 1000 s/mm2 ) versus high b-value (0, 1000, 2000 s/mm2 ) obtained from DKI in the differentiation of RCC.
Methods
A total of 146 patients with pathologically confirmed RCC, including 103 patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and 43 patients with non-ccRCC were examined.The DKI derived parametric results, i.e., Mean Diffusivity (MD), Fractional anisotropy(FA), Mean kurtosis (MK), Kurtosis anisotropy (KA) and Radial kurtosis (RK), as well as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and scanning time were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for obtaining the optimum diagnostic thresholds, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of these parameters.
Results
The mean SNRs of DKI at low b values were higher than that of high b values (14.2 ± 2.1 vs. 9.1 ± 1, p < 0.05). The scanning time of low b-values DKI was shorter than that of high b-values DKI (8.6 ± 1.6 mins vs. 17.6 ± 2.3 mins, p < 0.05). The MD values of ccRCCs were higher than those of non-ccRCCs (p < 0.05), however, MK, KA and RK values of ccRCCs were lower than those of non-ccRCCs (p < 0.05). ROC curve analyses showed that MD values at high b values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating ccRCC from non-ccRCC. For pairwise comparisons of ROC curves and diagnostic efficacy, DKI at low b-values was worse than high b-values analysis (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
High b-values DKI analysis showed a superior diagnostic efficacy to low b-values DKI analysis in differentiating ccRCC from non-ccRC.
Preliminary Sizing of an eVTOL Lift-Cruise Aircraft
Authors: Heidary Mastooreh , Kosari Amirreza
Published: March 2024

This paper describes a methodology for the preliminary design of a lift-cruise aircraft with an electric propulsion system. This methodology has used the actual data of electric vertical take-off and landing to estimate the take-off weight. The central element in this methodology is a matching diagram, which obtains performance equations for fixed-wing and rotary-wing modes. Based on the matching diagram, two design areas are obtained. The first design area is for the fixed-wing mode, which can be selected as the optimal design point for achieving power loading and wing loading. The second design area is for the rotary-wing mode, which can be selected as the optimal design point for achieving power loading and disk loading. The initial design is done based on the design points and the obtained take-off weight. The end-step take-off weight is estimated based on the weight components, and the design process is repeated, which is a small error between the initial and final take-off weight. Finally, the aircraft’s optimal size and power are obtained. In the final section, this methodology has been used for the preliminary design of a lift-cruise aircraft with four passengers.