bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Acting Insulin Use and Persistence among Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients Adding RAI to Oral Antidiabetes Drug Regimens
Authors: Sambamoorthi Usha , Deb Arijita , Zhou Steve , Garg Rahul , Fan Tao , Boss Anders
Published: September 2016

We examined the real-world utilization and persistence of rapid acting insulin (RAI) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes who added RAI to their drug (OAD) regimen. Insulin-naïve patients aged ≥65 years, with ≥1 OAD prescription during the baseline period, who were continuously enrolled in the US Humana Medicare Advantage insurance plan for 18 months and initiated RAI were included. Among patients with ≥2 RAI prescriptions (RAIp), persistence during the 12-month follow-up was assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified factors affecting RAI use and persistence. Of 3734 patients adding RAI to their OAD regimen, 2334 (62.5%) had a RAIp during follow-up. Factors associated with RAIp included using ≤2 OADs; cognitive impairment, basal insulin use during follow-up; and higher RAI out-of-pocket costs ($36 to <$56 versus$0 to$6.30). Patients were less likely to persist with RAI when on ≤2 OADs versus ≥3 OADs and when having higher RAI out-of-pocket costs ($36 to <$56 versus$0 to$6.30) and more likely to persist when they had cognitive impairment and basal insulin use during follow-up. Real-world persistence of RAI in insulin-naïve elderly patients with type 2 diabetes was very poor when RAI was added to an OAD regimen.
Effect of Treatment with Salsalate, Menhaden Oil, Combination of Salsalate and Menhaden Oil, or Resolvin D1 of C57Bl/6J Type 1 Diabetic Mouse on Neuropathic Endpoints
Authors: Yorek Matthew S. , Coppey Lawrence J. , Shevalye Hanna , Obrosov Alexander , Kardon Randy H. , Yorek Mark A.
Published: September 2016

Aims. In this study a streptozotocin induced type 1 diabetes mouse model was used to assess the effectiveness of salsalate, menhaden oil, the combination of salsalate and menhaden oil, or resolvin D1 on neuropathic endpoints.Materials and Methods. Changes in body weight, blood glucose, serum markers for triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, and resolvin D1, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities and thermal sensitivity were assessed, as well as performing in vivo confocal microscopy of subepithelial corneal nerves and immunohistochemistry of nerves in the cornea and foot pad.Results. Diabetic animals failed to gain weight and had elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetic mice had slowed nerve conduction velocity, reduced innervation of the foot pad and cornea subepithelial and epithelial layers, and reduced thermal sensitivity. Monotherapy treatment with salsalate, menhaden oil, and resolvin D1 reduced the pathological signs of diabetic neuropathy. The combination of salsalate and menhaden oil also reduced signs of pathology and generated elevated plasma levels of resolvin D1 compared to other groups.Conclusions. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the combination of salsalate and menhaden oil may be more efficacious than monotherapy alone for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
ABC Transporter Subfamily D: Distinct Differences in Behavior between ABCD1–3 and ABCD4 in Subcellular Localization, Function, and Human Disease
Authors: Kawaguchi Kosuke , Morita Masashi
Published: September 2016

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest families of membrane-bound proteins and transport a wide variety of substrates across both extra- and intracellular membranes. They play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. To date, four ABC transporters belonging to subfamily D have been identified. ABCD1–3 and ABCD4 are localized to peroxisomes and lysosomes, respectively. ABCD1 and ABCD2 are involved in the transport of long and very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) or their CoA-derivatives into peroxisomes with different substrate specificities, while ABCD3 is involved in the transport of branched chain acyl-CoA into peroxisomes. On the other hand, ABCD4 is deduced to take part in the transport of vitamin B12from lysosomes into the cytosol. It is well known that the dysfunction of ABCD1 results in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a severe neurodegenerative disease. Recently, it is reported that ABCD3 and ABCD4 are responsible for hepatosplenomegaly and vitamin B12deficiency, respectively. In this review, the targeting mechanism and physiological functions of the ABCD transporters are summarized along with the related disease.
Highly Efficient In Vitro Reparative Behaviour of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured with Standardised Platelet Lysate Supplementation
Authors: Marrazzo Pasquale , Paduano Francesco , Palmieri Francesca , Marrelli Massimo , Tatullo Marco
Published: September 2016

Dental pulp is an accessible source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The perspective role of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in regenerative medicine demands an in vitro expansion and in vivo delivery which must deal with the safety issues about animal serum, usually required in cell culture practice. Human platelet lysate (PL) contains autologous growth factors and has been considered as valuable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in cell cultures. The optimum concentration to be added of such supplement is highly dependent on its preparation whose variability limits comparability of results. By in vitro experiments, we aimed to evaluate a standardised formulation of pooled PL. A low selected concentration of PL (1%) was able to support the growth and maintain the viability of the DPSCs. The use of PL in cell cultures did not impair cell surface signature typically expressed by MSCs and even upregulated the transcription of Sox2. Interestingly, DPSCs cultured in presence of PL exhibited a higher healing rate after injury and are less susceptible to toxicity mediated by exogenous H2O2 than those cultured with FBS. Moreover, PL addition was shown as a suitable option for protocols promoting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Taken together, our results indicated that PL is a valid substitute of FBS to culture and differentiate DPSCs for clinical‐grade use.
Activated Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells Are Associated with Disease Severity in Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Lili , Yang Haoyu , Yuan Weichang , Ren Jingyi , Bai Yanping
Published: September 2016

Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells are known to be involved in numerous immune-mediated diseases, but their pathological role in psoriasis is less fully investigated. Herein, we aimed to identify whether cTfh cells contributed to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The frequency and function of cTfh cells were compared between patients with psoriasis vulgaris and healthy controls, and the infiltration of Tfh cells was detected between lesional and nonlesional skin tissues of psoriasis patients. Moreover, the dynamic change of cTfh cells before and after acitretin treatment was evaluated. Our results showed both increased frequency and activation (indicated by higher expression of ICOS, PD-1, HLA-DR, and Ki-67 and increased production of IL-21, IL-17, and IFN-γ) of cTfh cells in psoriasis patients. Compared with nonlesional skin tissues of psoriasis patients, the number of infiltrated Tfh cells was significantly increased in psoriasis lesions. In addition, positive correlations between the percentage of cTfh, functional markers on cTfh cells in peripheral blood and disease severity were noted. Furthermore, the frequency of cTfh cells and the levels of cytokines secreted by cTfh cells were all significantly decreased after 1-month treatment.
Simulation-Based Optimization for Yard Design at Mega Container Terminal under Uncertainty
Authors: Zhou Yong , Wang Wenyuan , Song Xiangqun , Guo Zijian
Published: September 2016

The conventional approach of designing a container yard should be reexamined in the context of sustainable port development. Considering the uncertain future throughput, a simulation-based optimization framework is proposed to obtain a cost-effective and reliable design solution to the physical layout and equipment deployment strategy of the yard at a mega container terminal. In this framework, a two-stage stochastic programming model is presented aided with a simulation procedure of terminal operations. Finally, an application is given and the results show that the proposed integrated decision framework is effective and helpful for optimizing container yard design in the context of sustainable development of container terminals.
Perceptions of Altered Smile Esthetics: A Comparative Evaluation in Orthodontists, Dentists, and Laypersons
Authors: Al Taki Amjad , Khalesi Mohammed , Shagmani Muftah , Yahia Islam , Al Kaddah Fatma
Published: September 2016

Objective. The current investigation was proposed to determine the impression of trained dental professionals and laypeople towards the modified smile esthetics.Materials and Methods. Twenty-six images were randomized in a survey and graded according to attractiveness by the orthodontists, general dentists, and laypeople. Photographs of gingival display, midline diastema, central incisor crown length, and lateral incisor crown width were manipulated with five minor changes in each. For smile arc and buccal corridor, two major changes were incorporated besides the ideal photograph. One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis of the responses were measured for each group.Results. Most evaluators opined that the ideal smile in each category was the most acceptable. Orthodontists were more perceptive and exacting in accepting variations in the smile arc and buccal corridors. Dental professionals and laypeople indicated that either complete absence or a 0.5 mm of alterations in a gingival display, midline diastema, and crown length makes a smile beautiful and pleasant. Changes in crown width were not perceivable by all the three groups.Conclusion. Eastern Arabic laymen are more conscious about alterations in gingival display, midline diastema, and crown length in their smile. Hence, the orthodontist should pay attention to these factors during any orthodontic treatment.
The Relationship between Health Literacy and Health Behaviour in People with Diabetes: A Danish Population-Based Study
Authors: Friis Karina , Vind Benedicte Donslund , Simmons Rebecca K. , Maindal Helle Terkildsen
Published: September 2016

Background. People with diabetes who have poor health behaviours are at greater risk for a range of adverse health outcomes. We aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and health behaviour (smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and diet) in people with diabetes.Methods. The study was based on respondents aged 25 years or older from a population-based survey in 2013 who reported having diabetes (n=1685). Two dimensions from the Health Literacy Questionnaire were used: “understand health information” and “actively engage with healthcare providers.” We used logistic regression to examine the association between health literacy and health behaviour.Results. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, individuals with diabetes who found it difficult to understand information about health had higher odds of being physically inactive (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 2.14–5.51) and having unhealthy dietary habits (OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.63–5.58). Similar results were observed for individuals who found it difficult to actively engage with healthcare providers. No associations were found between the two dimensions of health literacy and smoking and alcohol consumption.Conclusion. When developing health services and interventions to improve health behaviour among people with diabetes, our results suggest that they may benefit by including focus on health literacy.
A Recovery Model for Production Scheduling: Combination of Disruption Management and Internet of Things
Authors: Jiang Yang , Ding Qiulei , Wang Xuhui
Published: September 2016

It is difficult to generate the new schedule effectively for minimizing the negative impact when an unanticipated disruption occurs after a subset of tasks has been finished in production scheduling. In such cases, continuing with the original schedule may not be optimal or feasible. Based on disruption management and Internet of things (IoT), this study designs a real-time status analyzer to identify the disruption and propose a recovery model to deal with the disruption. The computational result proves that our algorithm is competitive with the existing heuristics. Furthermore, due to the tradeoff between all participators (mainly including customers, managers of production enterprise, and workers) involved in production scheduling, our model is more effective than the total rescheduling and right-shift rescheduling.
Is GERD a Factor in Osteonecrosis of the Jaw? Evidence of Pathology Linked to G6PD Deficiency and Sulfomucins
Authors: Seneff Stephanie , Swanson Nancy L. , Koenig Gerald , Li Chen
Published: September 2016

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), a rare side effect of bisphosphonate therapy, is a debilitating disorder with a poorly understood etiology. FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) provides the opportunity to investigate this disease. Our goals were to analyze FAERS data to discover possible relationships between ONJ and specific conditions and drugs and then to consult the scientific literature to deduce biological explanations. Our methodology revealed a very strong association between gastroesophageal reflux and bisphosphonate-induced ONJ, suggesting acidosis as a key factor. Overgrowth of acidophilic species, particularlyStreptococcus mutans, in the oral microbiome in the context of insufficient acid buffering due to impaired salivary glands maintains the low pH that sustains damage to the mucosa. Significant associations between ONJ and adrenal insufficiency, vitamin C deficiency, and Sjögren’s syndrome were found. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency can explain much of the pathology. An inability to maintain vitamin C and other antioxidants in the reduced form leads to vascular oxidative damage and impaired adrenal function. Thus, pathogen-induced acidosis, hypoxia, and insufficient antioxidant defenses together induce ONJ. G6PD deficiency and adrenal insufficiency are underlying factors. Impaired supply of adrenal-derived sulfated sterols such as DHEA sulfate may drive the disease process.
An Efficient Heuristic Approach for Irregular Cutting Stock Problem in Ship Building Industry
Authors: Xu Yan-xin
Published: September 2016

This paper presents an efficient approach for solving a real two-dimensional irregular cutting stock problem in ship building industry. Cutting stock problem is a common cutting and packing problem that arises in a variety of industrial applications. A modification of selection heuristic Exact Fit is applied in our research. In the case referring to irregular shapes, a placement heuristics is more important to construct a complete solution. A placement heuristic relating to bottom-left-fill is presented. We evaluate the proposed approach using generated instance only with convex shapes in literatures and some instances with nonconvex shapes based on real problem from ship building industry. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach are significantly better than some conventional heuristics.
Malnutrition: The Importance of Identification, Documentation, and Coding in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Kellett Jane , Kyle Greg , Itsiopoulos Catherine , Naunton Mark , Luff Narelle
Published: September 2016

Malnutrition is a significant issue in the hospital setting. This cross-sectional, observational study determined the prevalence of malnutrition amongst 189 adult inpatients in a teaching hospital using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment tool and compared data to control groups for coding of malnutrition to determine the estimated unclaimed financial reimbursement associated with this comorbidity. Fifty-three percent of inpatients were classified as malnourished. Significant associations were found between malnutrition and increasing age, decreasing body mass index, and increased length of stay. Ninety-eight percent of malnourished patients were coded as malnourished in medical records. The results of the medical history audit of patients in control groups showed that between 0.9 and 5.4% of patients were coded as malnourished which is remarkably lower than the 52% of patients who were coded as malnourished from the point prevalence study data. This is most likely to be primarily due to lack of identification. The estimated unclaimed annual financial reimbursement due to undiagnosed or undocumented malnutrition based on the point prevalence study was AU$8,536,200. The study found that half the patients were malnourished, with older adults being particularly vulnerable. It is imperative that malnutrition is diagnosed and accurately documented and coded, so appropriate coding, funding reimbursement, and treatment can occur.
Collaborative Product Design for Tasks Sorting Based on Shortest Delivery
Authors: Liang Xuedong , Zhou Wenting , Liu Aijun , Xue Hongmei
Published: September 2016

The “people’s innovation” can promote development in enterprises in urgent need of innovative product design. Collaborative product design can be a powerful tool for enterprises wishing to improve their market competitiveness and customer satisfaction. To reduce decision costs, improve efficiency, and solve other issues, promoting “people’s innovation” can play a vital role. With this focus, this paper examines products produced through “people’s innovation.” A collaborative design task scheduling problem is presented. The design tasks are sorted based on a minimum delivery cost principle, which is determined using weighted shortest processing time (WSPT) rules and the shortest delivery time. The results show that distributed collaborative innovation can result in a reasonable arrangement for collaborative design tasks.
RNA Sequencing of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Specimens for Gene Expression Quantification and Data Mining
Authors: Guo Yan , Wu Jie , Zhao Shilin , Ye Fei , Su Yinghao , Clark Travis , Sheng Quanhu , Lehmann Brian , Shu Xiao-ou , Cai Qiuyin
Published: September 2016

Background. Proper rRNA depletion is crucial for the successful utilization of FFPE specimens when studying gene expression. We performed a study to evaluate two major rRNA depletion methods: Ribo-Zero and RNase H. RNAs extracted from 4 samples were treated with the two rRNA depletion methods in duplicate and sequenced (N=16). We evaluated their reducibility, ability to detect RNA, and ability to molecularly subtype these triple negative breast cancer specimens.Results. Both rRNA depletion methods produced consistent data between the technical replicates. We found that the RNase H method produced higher quality RNAseq data as compared to the Ribo-Zero method. In addition, we evaluated the RNAseq data generated from the FFPE tissue samples for noncoding RNA, including lncRNA, enhancer/super enhancer RNA, and single nucleotide variation (SNV). We found that the RNase H is more suitable for detecting high-quality, noncoding RNAs as compared to the Ribo-Zero and provided more consistent molecular subtype identification between replicates. Unfortunately, neither method produced reliable SNV data.Conclusions. In conclusion, for FFPE specimens, the RNase H rRNA depletion method performed better than the Ribo-Zero. Neither method generates data sufficient for SNV detection.
Telomere Length and Breast Cancer Prognosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ennour-Idrissi Kaoutar , Maunsell Elizabeth , Diorio Caroline
Published: September 2016

Telomeres ensure genome integrity during replication. Loss of telomeric function leads to cell immortalization and accumulation of genetic alterations. The association of telomere length (TL) with breast cancer prognosis is examined through a systematic review. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL), from inception to December 2015, and relevant reviews were searched. Studies that evaluated TL (blood and/or tumor) in association with breast cancer survival or prognostic factor were included. Thirty-six studies met inclusion criteria. Overall risk of bias was critical. Eight studies reported survival outcomes. Overall, there was a trend toward an association of longer telomeres with better outcomes (tumor, not blood). Of the 33 studies reporting associations with prognostic factors, nine adjusted for potential confounders. Among the latter, shorter telomeres were associated with older age (blood, not tumor), higher local recurrence rates (normal tissue), higher tumor grade (tumor), and lower physical activity (blood), which were reported in one study each. TL was not associated with molecular subtype (blood, one study), family history (tumor, one study), chemotherapy (blood, three of four studies), and stress reduction interventions (blood, two of two studies). Although major methodologic differences preclude from drawing conclusive results, TL could be a valuable breast cancer prognostic marker. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 3–10. ©2016 AACR.
Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Mediator Complex Transcriptome Identifies CDK19 and CDK8 as Therapeutic Targets in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Brägelmann Johannes , Klümper Niklas , Offermann Anne , von Mässenhausen Anne , Böhm Diana , Deng Mario , Queisser Angela , Sanders Christine , Syring Isabella , Merseburger Axel S. , Vogel Wenzel , Sievers Elisabeth , Vlasic Ignacija , Carlsson Jessica , Andrén Ove , Brossart Peter , Duensing Stefan , Svensson Maria A. , Adler David , Kirfel Jutta , Perner Sven
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

The Mediator complex is a multiprotein assembly, which serves as a hub for diverse signaling pathways to regulate gene expression. Because gene expression is frequently altered in cancer, a systematic understanding of the Mediator complex in malignancies could foster the development of novel targeted therapeutic approaches.

Experimental Design:

We performed a systematic deconvolution of the Mediator subunit expression profiles across 23 cancer entities (n = 8,568) using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Prostate cancer–specific findings were validated in two publicly available gene expression cohorts and a large cohort of primary and advanced prostate cancer (n = 622) stained by immunohistochemistry. The role of CDK19 and CDK8 was evaluated by siRNA-mediated gene knockdown and inhibitor treatment in prostate cancer cell lines with functional assays and gene expression analysis by RNAseq.

Results:

Cluster analysis of TCGA expression data segregated tumor entities, indicating tumor-type–specific Mediator complex compositions. Only prostate cancer was marked by high expression of CDK19. In primary prostate cancer, CDK19 was associated with increased aggressiveness and shorter disease-free survival. During cancer progression, highest levels of CDK19 and of its paralog CDK8 were present in metastases. In vitro, inhibition of CDK19 and CDK8 by knockdown or treatment with a selective CDK8/CDK19 inhibitor significantly decreased migration and invasion.

Conclusions:

Our analysis revealed distinct transcriptional expression profiles of the Mediator complex across cancer entities indicating differential modes of transcriptional regulation. Moreover, it identified CDK19 and CDK8 to be specifically overexpressed during prostate cancer progression, highlighting their potential as novel therapeutic targets in advanced prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1829–40. ©2016 AACR.
Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to DNA Repair Targeted Therapies
Authors: Stover Elizabeth H. , Konstantinopoulos Panagiotis A. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Swisher Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2016

Drugs targeting DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways are exciting new agents in cancer therapy. Many of these drugs exhibit synthetic lethality with defects in DNA repair in cancer cells. For example, ovarian cancers with impaired homologous recombination DNA repair show increased sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Understanding the activity of different DNA repair pathways in individual tumors, and the correlations between DNA repair function and drug response, will be critical to patient selection for DNA repair targeted agents. Genomic and functional assays of DNA repair pathway activity are being investigated as potential biomarkers of response to targeted therapies. Furthermore, alterations in DNA repair function generate resistance to DNA repair targeted agents, and DNA repair states may predict intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of DNA repair targeted agents currently in clinical trials and the emerging biomarkers of response and resistance to these agents: genetic and genomic analysis of DDR pathways, genomic signatures of mutational processes, expression of DNA repair proteins, and functional assays for DNA repair capacity. We review biomarkers that may predict response to selected DNA repair targeted agents, including PARP inhibitors, inhibitors of the DNA damage sensors ATM and ATR, and inhibitors of nonhomologous end joining. Finally, we introduce emerging categories of drugs targeting DDR and new strategies for integrating DNA repair targeted therapies into clinical practice, including combination regimens. Generating and validating robust biomarkers will optimize the efficacy of DNA repair targeted therapies and maximize their impact on cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5651–60. ©2016 AACR.
The MAPK Pathway Regulates Intrinsic Resistance to BET Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ma Yufang , Wang Lihong , Neitzel Leif R. , Loganathan Sudan N. , Tang Nan , Qin Lili , Crispi Emily E. , Guo Yan , Knapp Stefan , Beauchamp R. Daniel , Lee Ethan , Wang Jialiang
Published: September 2016

Purpose: The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins are epigenetic readers for acetylated histone marks. Emerging BET bromodomain inhibitors have exhibited antineoplastic activities in a wide range of human cancers through suppression of oncogenic transcription factors, including MYC. However, the preclinical activities of BET inhibitors in advanced solid cancers are moderate at best. To improve BET-targeted therapy, we interrogated mechanisms mediating resistance to BET inhibitors in colorectal cancer.

Experimental Design: Using a panel of molecularly defined colorectal cancer cell lines, we examined the impact of BET inhibition on cellular proliferation and survival as well as MYC activity. We further tested the ability of inhibitors targeting the RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) pathway to enhance MYC suppression and circumvent intrinsic resistance to BET inhibitors. Key findings were validated using genetic approaches.

Results: BET inhibitors as monotherapy moderately reduced colorectal cancer cell proliferation and MYC expression. Blockade of the MAPK pathway synergistically sensitized colorectal cancer cells to BET inhibitors, leading to potent apoptosis and MYC downregulation in vitro and in vivo. A combination of JQ1 and trametinib, but neither agent alone, induced significant regression of subcutaneous colorectal cancer xenografts.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the MAPK pathway confers intrinsic resistance to BET inhibitors in colorectal cancer and propose an effective combination strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2027–37. ©2016 AACR.
Collective Practices of Human Development in Political Violence and Its Long Shadow
Authors: Daiute Colette
Published: September 2016

Research on human development in violently and rapidly changing contexts requires innovative concepts, methods, and outcomes. Toward that end, articles in this issue focus on practice-based research in situations of adversity during and after acute phases of violent conflict. The goal of this issue is to focus on intersubjective sense-making - how children and youth in situations of violence, displacement, and other attendant consequences interact with those circumstances and with other people, especially in collectives intervening on their behalf. We explain and illustrate that research in formal and informal interventions can, in different ways, help us understand the nature of human development and gain insights to support development against great odds. This focus on collective practices highlights the systemic nature of contemporary violence and innovative dimensions to consider in human development.
Youth and Resilience in Postconflict Settings: An Intervention for War-Affected Youth in Sierra Leone
Authors: Zuilkowski Stephanie Simmons , Collet Katharine , Jambai Musu , Akinsulure-Smith Adeyinka M. , Betancourt Theresa S.
Published: September 2016

In Sierra Leone, as in conflict and postconflict settings around the world, youth are coping with their exposure to violence during conflict as well as the poverty and displacement that follow war and the stigma that can persist long after involvement with armed groups has ended. Both contextual and individual factors influence whether youth overcome these barriers successfully and resume positive life trajectories, or struggle to reintegrate into their families and communities. This study reviews findings from the 14-year Longitudinal Study of War-Affected Youth in Sierra Leone and a recent intervention study examining a short-term group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-based intervention for war-affected youth, and discusses the implications of the impact of interventions for understanding and promoting resilience in war-affected youth. The results suggest that group CBT approaches may be a cost-effective means of targeting support to youth most in need of psychosocial support in postconflict settings.
Developmental Affordances of War-Torn Landscapes: Growing up in Sarajevo under Siege
Authors: Lucić Luka
Published: September 2016

Young people growing up in war zones experience significant changes of their physical and social environments caused by urban destruction. Employing the methodology of narrative inquiry, this work theoretically explores environmental and spatial affordances enabling sociocognitive development among young people growing up during the 4-year military siege of Sarajevo. The theoretical analysis focuses on two environmental contexts - war school and the Sarajevo war tunnel - and examines how affordances of physical environments, symbolically enacted in language, scaffold developmental activities during this highly specific wartime period. The developmental meaning of environmental affordances comes to life in contemporary narratives written by 16 adults who as young people attended war schools or worked in the Sarajevo war tunnel. Theoretical foundations of sociocultural and ecological psychology are employed to illuminate how environmental affordances contributed to the development of psychological functions well suited to everyday life in circumstances of war and urban destruction.
The Development of Ethical Civic Actors in Divided Societies: A Longitudinal Case
Authors: Freedman Sarah Warshauer , Barr Dennis J. , Murphy Karen , Beširevič Zina
Published: September 2016

This 4-year case study of the development of Gabriela, as civic actor during secondary school, comes from a cross-national study of civic development in divided societies. Her case contributes to developmental theory and adds to civics research by exploring how school, family, and community are intertwined with civic development. Gabriela's ethical civic development is both remarkable and uneven. She overcomes seemingly insurmountable struggles to project her voice in the world. Her story shows the critical nature of intertwined support from her school and family to make this growth possible. Her remaining struggle - to acknowledge the needs of those from other societal groups in relation to her community's substantial needs - shows the complexity of satisfying multiple groups' needs at once in divided societies. We conclude with the addition of the concept of “macrosupports” and “microsupports” to explain how the school, other institutions, and the student grow reciprocally.
A Relational Approach to Human Development Research and Practice in 21st Century Violence and Displacement
Authors: Daiute Colette
Published: September 2016

Children and youth growing up in political violence and displacement have urgent needs to connect with others and to influence the course of their own and others' development. In that process, language is a major relational and developmental tool, especially with positive engagement in collectives addressing bad situations. This article presents a relational theory of development in practice-based research, focusing on the concepts “relational imagining” and “relational complexity”, illustrated with examples of young people's language use to make sense of war-affected environments in ex-Yugoslavia and Colombia. In those and other challenging and rapidly changing environments, dynamic storytelling workshops involved a range of narratives and other expressive media for individual and collective purposes to foster child, youth, and societal understandings and development. The theory-based relational research and practice design with dynamic storytelling illustrates processes and findings of child-society interactions during and after violent and rapid societal change.
Plasma Catestatin in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Xu Weixian , Yu Haiyi , Wu Hubing , Li Siheng , Chen Baoxia , Gao Wei
Published: September 2016

Objectives: To measure plasma catestatin levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome and investigate whether there is an association between catestatin levels and long-term outcome. Methods: Patients (n = 170) with suspected acute coronary syndrome who underwent emergency coronary angiography were enrolled, including 46 with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 89 with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 35 without coronary artery disease (CAD). All patients were followed for 2 years to measure the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including death from a cardiovascular cause, recurrent acute myocardial infarction, or hospital admission for heart failure or revascularization. Results: On average, the plasma catestatin levels in patients with STEMI (0.80 ± 0.62 ng/ml) and UAP (0.99 ± 0.63 ng/ml) were significantly lower than the levels seen in the control group with no evidence of CAD (1.38 ± 0.98 ng/ml; p = 0.001). In multivariable linear regression, body mass index, presence of hypertension, and type of CAD were independently related to the plasma catestatin level. However, there were no significant differences in MACEs between patients with high and low levels of catestatin. Conclusions: The plasma catestatin levels in patients with STEMI and UAP were lower than the levels seen in patients without CAD.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies of Ovarian Masses: A Reliable Technique
Authors: Mokhatri Maral , Shekarkhar Golsa , Sarraf Zahra
Published: September 2016

Objective: In gynecology, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has an overall accuracy of 94.5% in differentiation between benign and malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine reliable cytological criteria for categorizing ovarian masses into benign and malignant categories, their subtypes, and also to evaluate FNA accuracy in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors in relation to histopathological findings. Study Design: A prospective study was performed on all patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumor who were referred to our hospital between August 2013 and August 2015. During surgery, FNA was performed using an 18-gauge needle by a pathologist. Aspirated material was spread on clean glass slides and stained with Papanicolaou and Wright-Giemsa stains. The cytological findings and results were compared with the histological diagnosis. Results: Of the 81 cases in this study, there was a discrepancy between the cytological and histological diagnosis in 9 cases. The overall cytological diagnostic accuracy in our study was 88.9% with a sensitivity and specificity of 78.1 and 95.5%, respectively. Conclusion: FNA of an ovarian mass is a minimally invasive procedure with acceptable diagnostic accuracy, especially when differentiating between benign and malignant lesions, and can be considered as a useful diagnostic modality for choosing an appropriate management course.
Pre-Implantation Genetic Screening Techniques: Implications for Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Kane Stefan C. , Willats Elissa , Bezerra Maia e Holanda Moura Sammya , Hyett Jonathan , da Silva Costa Fabrício
Published: September 2016

Chromosomal aneuploidy is responsible for a significant proportion of pregnancy failures, whether conceived naturally or through in vitro fertilization (IVF). In an effort to improve the success rate of IVF, screening embryos for aneuploidy - or pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) - has been proposed as a means of ensuring only euploid embryos are selected for transfer. Early PGS approaches were based on fluorescence in situ hybridization testing, and have been shown not to improve live birth rates. Recent developments in genetic testing technologies - such as next-generation sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, coupled with embryo biopsy at the blastocyst stage - have shown promise in improving IVF outcomes, but they remain to be validated in adequately powered, prospective randomized trials. The extent to which IVF with PGS lowers the a priori risk of aneuploidy in ongoing pregnancies so conceived has been poorly described, rendering it difficult to incorporate the potential benefit of PGS into existing prenatal aneuploidy screening regimens such as cell-free DNA testing or conventional combined nuchal translucency and maternal biochemistry assessment. Further data on the sensitivity and specificity of various forms of molecular PGS testing would improve our understanding of the effectiveness and accuracy of these technologies. This, in addition to further research into methods of risk combination and assessment, would allow us to help our patients make better- informed decisions about whether or not to proceed with invasive diagnostic tests.
The Impact of Case Finding on the Recruitment Yield for COPD Research in Primary Care: An Observational Study
Authors: Markun Stefan , Rosemann Thomas , Dalla-Lana Kaba , Steurer-Stey Claudia
Published: September 2016

Background: Recruiting patients for research in primary care is difficult with diseases that tend to remain underdiagnosed, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Researchers may consider introducing case finding into patient recruitment, but the impact on recruitment yield is largely unknown. Objectives: To assess the impact of case finding on recruitment yield and population characteristics in primary care-based COPD research. Methods: For a cluster randomized controlled trial of COPD in primary care, an opportunistic case finding strategy was introduced into patient recruitment, in addition to recruiting patients with previously diagnosed COPD. The recruitment process and performance of the primary care physicians (PCPs) were analysed. The numbers and characteristics of patients identified by case finding were compared with those of patients with previously diagnosed COPD. Results: Thirty-five PCPs approached 398 patients and successfully recruited 216 patients during 1 year. The mean number of patients recruited was 6.3 (range 0-16) per PCP. Case finding contributed 71 patients (32.9%) with significantly milder disease, with FEV1 % predicted +16.7 (95% CI: +11.3 to +22.0), a COPD Assessment Test difference of -4 points (95% CI: -2 to -6; p < 0.001), and fewer exacerbations resulting in a higher rate of GOLD class A (85.9 vs. 45.5%; p < 0.001). The smoking rate was significantly higher among patients with newly diagnosed COPD (70.4 vs. 48.6%; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Case finding increased the number of patients recruited by 50%. The COPD patients identified by case finding differed importantly from those with previously diagnosed COPD. Researchers should be aware of COPD underdiagnosis and the potential impact of case finding during patient recruitment.
ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ОБ’ЄКТИВНОСТІ СЕМЕСТРОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ТЕСТОВОГО ТА ОБ’ЄКТИВНОГО СТРУКТУРОВАНОГО КЛІНІЧНОГО ІСПИТІВ ДЛЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЗНАНЬ I ВМІНЬ З ПРОПЕДЕВТИКИ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ
Authors: Martsenyuk V. P. , Selskyi P. R.
Published: September 2016

The article deals with an experience of implementing innovative teaching and assessment methods, as well as learning practical skills, while conducting Internal Medicine Propedeutics in I. Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University. According to the subject evaluation results, the objectivity of semester exam test and objective structured clinical examination has been substantiated.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПОЛЯРИЗОВАНОГО СВІТЛА ПРИ ХРОНІЧНОМУ БЕЗСОННІ ТА ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД КУРІННЯ
Authors: Tubič D. , Skorbič M.
Published: September 2016

In the treatment of patients with situational neurosis, which for years suffered from insomnia, we used a BIOPTRON-2 device. After 10 everyday evening sessions, the process of falling asleep was normalized, and night sleep was maintained with no additional drugs. A group of 30 patients with a chronic habit of intensive smoking was subjected to applications of BIOPTRON-2 generated PILER light for 10 days. In a considerable part of the tested persons, we noticed a decrease in the inclination for smoking and an increase in the wish for final putting an end to smoke.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ПОБУДОВИ ІНТЕГРОВАНОЇ ЛОГІСТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ МЕДИЧНОГО ПОСТАЧАННЯ
Authors: Bilous М. V. , Ryzhov O. A. , Shmatenko O. P. , Drozdov D. V.
Published: September 2016

The necessity of integrated logistics systems building on base of modern information technologies for the optimization of the medical supply of Armed Forces of Ukraine is defined.
ВЕРБАЛЬНО-ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ МЕТОДИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ СТАНУ ЗДОРОВ’Я ТА СТИЛЮ ЖИТТЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТА МОБІЛЬНИХ МЕДИЧНИХ ГАДЖЕТІВ
Authors: Dorosh N. V. , Bojko О. В. , Zayachkivska O. S. , Dorosh О. I. , Stepanyuk О. Yu.
Published: September 2016

In this work were described the computer and mobile technology methods and tools for determine of integrated verbal and physiological indicators of the human health. Also were shown the results of impact assessment of stress and other negative factors on the lifestyle and health of students. The comparative analysis of verbal (subjective) and physiological (objective) indicators will help to provide more effective preventive and corrective programs for youth health promotion,
ИНФОРМАТИВНОСТЬ ЭЛЕКТРОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПРИ ОЦЕНКЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ДИНАМИКЕ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО ТРУДА
Authors: Yevtushenko O. S.
Published: September 2016

It was shown that the most informative for functional state estimation is an electrodermal resistance (EDR) asymmetry's index. This index was calculated as the module of differences between the left and right hand indexes. The analysis of factor structures was performed in test persons groups where the asymmetry of EDR increased or decreased as the result of visual work. It was found that dynamics of EDR asymmetry is connected to visual system's indexes change. The index of EDR asymmetry increased in conditions of visual fatigue development. Thus, it is possible to use it for express estimation of visual system's functional state.
ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ ИММУННЫЕ МАРКЕРЫ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ ТЕЧЕНИЕ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННОГО ПЕРИОДА У ДЕТЕЙ С ВРОЖДЕННОЙ КИШЕЧНОЙ НЕПРОХОДИМОСТЬЮ
Authors: Klimanskyi R. P. , Veselyy S. V.
Published: September 2016

The study is based on the analysis of treatment of 87 newborns with congenital intestinal obstruction associated with intrauterine infection. We observed patients produced the study activity of various groups of cytokines that can monitor and determine the duration of inflammation. The results show an association between intrauterine infection and congenital obstructive bowel disease. In infants with intrauterine infection and abnormalities in cytokine status significantly more frequently (in 70.8% of cases) have documented the destructive and inflammatory complications in the postoperative period.
АНАЛИЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ PBL-СТУДЕНТОВ
Authors: Murzina О. О. , Ryzhov О. А. , Ivankova N. А. , Popov А. M.
Published: September 2016

In the study, analysis of psychological and pedagogical features of medical students, who are taught based on the principles of problem-based learning, was conducted.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ
Authors: Panchenko О. А. , Kutko I. I.
Published: September 2016

It was developed the information environment in esthetic medicine, subjects of information relations of this environment cooperation and ways for providing the information safety of that processes participants.
РОЗБУДОВА СІМЕЙНОЇ ФАРМАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ ЯК НОВИЙ ЕТАП У МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНОМУ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ З НООФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ ПОЗИЦІЙ
Authors: Ponomarenko M. S. , Augunas S. B.
Published: September 2016

Our research was focused on the analysis of family medicine ambulatories quantity in regions in accordance to pharmacies. The results of the research were demonstrated that in regions of Ukraine there exists an unconformity of pharmaceutical institutions and ambulatories of family medicine, especially in countryside.
ЦЕЛЕНАПРАВЛЕННЫЙ ПОИСК ВЕЩЕСТВ В РЯДУ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ 3-АРИЛ(АРАЛКИЛ)КСАНТИНА, ОБЛАДАЮЩИХ АНТИРАДИКАЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТЬЮ В ОТНОШЕНИИ СУПЕРОКСИД-РАДИКАЛА
Authors: Ryzhenko V. P. , Ryzhov O. A. , Levich S. V. , Belenichev I. F. , Aleksandrova К. V.
Published: September 2016

The aim of the research was to study the basic descriptors of frontier molecular orbitals of 3- aryl (aralkyl) xanthine using semi-empirical quantum- chemical methods and substantiate their impact on the manifestation of anti-radical activity.

Comparison of received data and calculated descriptors values revealed linear dependence of anti-radical activity on the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals energy values.
ИНФОРМАТИВНОСТЬ МЕТОДА ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИИ ДАННЫХ ПРИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Authors: Strahova O. P.
Published: September 2016

Visualization is the one of processing methods that used in computer science. The research were described the possibility to make a revelation in electrodermal characteristics' field based on visualization phenomenon.
Quem será? Sagarana e O Chamado do Mistério, Das Trevas e Do Amor
Authors: Ferreira Ermelinda Maria Araújo
Published: September 2016

A antologia de contos Sagarana marca a estreia de um médico interiorano em crise, deprimido após um pífio segundo lugar obtido em sua primeira e esperançosa empreitada literária. Prestes a abandonar a profissão e o sonho para dedicar-se ao serviço burocrático no Itamaraty, Guimarães Rosa deflagra seu destino viator: levado a estranhas paragens, familiariza-se com o sublime e o grotesco, na descoberta da generosa paixão de Ara e do fescenino ódio de Hitler. De volta ao Brasil, a reescritura deste livro aponta para uma guinada na percepção do autor; que escolhe, antes, abraçar os mistérios do grande sertão, a apartar-se deles em nome de uma ciência racional e dogmática, alheia ao amor e ao espírito: desalmada.
Um Experimento com Tolstoi: a “Fenomenologia do Amor” em Ana Karenina
Authors: Gallian Dante Marcello Claramonte
Published: September 2016

Partindo das narrativas produzidas pelos participantes do laboratório de humanidades – atividade acadêmica desenvolvida na Escola Paulista de Medicina da Unifesp e que se fundamenta na leitura e discussão de obras clássicas da literatura universal – este artigo procura mostrar como, na busca por contribuir para a formação humanística e a humanização na área da saúde, um experimento com Ana Karenina de Liev Tolstói possibilitou um profunda reflexão sobre questões essenciais da existência humana, em especial a temática do amor e seus desdobramentos nas relações humanas.