bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso del Lirio Acuático (Eichhornia crassipes) como Alternativa en la Generación de Bioplasticos
Authors: Salcedo Gómez Ricardo , Ávila García Ariadna Esmeralda , Díaz Izabal Alejandro , Osnaya Vargas Gabriel
Published: April 2024

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis viable de la planta flotante conocida como lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes), para el desarrollo del diseño de una línea de producción de objetos sustentables, con el propósito de brindar una alternativa sustentable, considerando el ecodesarrollo como una modalidad de impulso económico, que permite el aprovechamiento de recursos para la satisfacción de las necesidades antropogénicas actuales y futuras de la población a través de la eficiencia funcional en los ecosistemas y de negocios a largo plazo. Se enfoca en abordar la problemática de la proliferación del lirio acuático en la Laguna de Chapala a través de una perspectiva innovadora y sostenible. Este lirio, una especie invasora, ha alterado el equilibrio ecológico de la región. Sin embargo, este estudio busca convertir esta invasión en una oportunidad al explorar la viabilidad de utilizar el lirio acuático como recurso para la creación de bioplásticos. La fundamentación teórica respalda la importancia de los bioplásticos como alternativas eco-amigables a los plásticos convencionales, y subraya cómo la naturaleza invasora del lirio acuático puede transformarse en un recurso valioso. Se explora la conexión entre la composición del lirio y la elaboración de bioplásticos, destacando la posibilidad de convertir sus componentes celulósicos en materiales plásticos. La investigación busca evaluar la viabilidad técnica y ambiental de esta idea, analizando la composición química del lirio, desarrollando formulaciones adecuadas y examinando la factibilidad de su extracción y transformación en bioplásticos. Se considera el ciclo de vida de los bioplásticos resultantes para comprender su impacto global en la sustentabilidad y la reducción de la contaminación plástica. El estudio no solo busca resolver un problema local, sino también contribuir a prácticas sostenibles a nivel global. Si tiene éxito, podría establecer un paradigma para la utilización de especies invasivas en la fabricación de materiales sostenibles y fomentar la economía circular. La innovadora combinación de solucionar un problema ambiental y generar valor económico hace que esta investigación sea prometedora en la búsqueda de un futuro más sostenible
Rol Materno en Adolescentes Primigestas en el Primer Nivel de Atención
Authors: Marín Vera Angie Carolina , Cartuche Nagua Dennise Joselyn , Paccha Tamay Carmen Liliana
Published: April 2024

Introducción: El rol materno constituye vínculo generador de amor, protección y cuidado al recién nacido durante los primeros años de vida, Sin embargo, existen factores que inciden cumpliendo esta función especialmente cuando la madre es adolescente ocasionando conflictos familiares, sociales y de salud del binomio madre-hijo. Objetivo: Determinar el rol materno que adoptan las adolescentes primigestas de 15 a 19 años que acuden a un Centro de Salud de Primer Nivel de Atención, según el patrón materno-familiar. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental y de cohorte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 100 adolescentes primigestas que acuden a controles prenatales en un establecimiento de salud público. Resultados: El 35 % son adolescentes embarazadas primigestas de 18 años, el vínculo afectivo entre madre-hijo lo expresan mediante un lenguaje simple de comunicación con un 51% y a traves de canciones con el 32%; el fortalecimiento de la relación materna  el 69% mediante abrazos, caricias, besos y mimos;  en cuanto a los sentimientos acerca el rol materno el 51% refiere el significado de amor incondicional, el 28% sienten temor; los cuidados físicos se enfoca en la alimentación exclusiva con lactancia materna 52% y en la atención médica el 77%; las necesidades sociales de las gestantes se enfocan al cuidado de hijo 64%; promoción de actividades recreativas el 38% de apoyan con juego y material didáctico; el 82% cuentan con  apoyo familiar y el 30% no está preparada para asumir el rol materno ante la sociedad. Conclusión: Esta investigación destaca la complejidad del rol materno en adolescentes primigestas y subraya la necesidad de un enfoque multidisciplinario y comprensivo en la atención de salud.
Developing a Multi-Layered Defence System to Safeguard Data against Phishing Attacks
Authors: Kwizera Isaac , Micheal Sanja
Published: April 2024

This study proposes a robust multi-layered defence system to counter the escalating threat of phishing attacks, motivated by the urgent need to enhance cybersecurity in the face of rising incidents of data breaches and compromised information. Employing a mixed-methods research design and integrating Social Engineering Theory, Technology Acceptance Model, and Information Processing Theory, the study focuses on user education, technological solutions, proactive monitoring, and incident response mechanisms. Anticipated results include insights into the system's components, the effectiveness of user education programs, efficiency of technological solutions, success of proactive monitoring, and responsiveness of incident response mechanisms.
The Determinants of Low Wheat Productivity in Kenya
Authors: Gichangi Anne , Koskei Zenah , Okwaro Henry , Otukho Ben , Ndaiga Stephen
Published: April 2024

Agriculture contributes 24% directly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 60% of the export earnings and about 75% of industrial raw materials. Food crops subsector contributes about 30% to the Kenyan GDP. Among the cereals in Kenya, wheat is the second most important after maize. Wheat has a substantial contribution to poverty reduction, food security and creation of employment. Due to the high growth in population, increased urbanization, and related changing trends in food consumption patterns, the demand for wheat and wheat products is on the increase. Demand for wheat products is apparent in the preference of confectionery, pasta and breakfast cereals. Wheat demand in Kenya has been swelling hence production has not been able to certify it leading to importation of huge quantities to fill the gap between demand and supply. Increased imports diminish local prices. This becomes a disincentive leading to decline in wheat production. In regard to the importance of wheat enterprise in the country, a survey was conducted to determine factors that have led to decline in wheat production and there after give recommendations for future research. Primary data was collected by use of structured questionnaires to a sample size of 344 wheat farmers in selected wheat producing counties of Kenya. Results of the survey reveal that factors contributing to low wheat production consists of: pests, diseases and Shortage of improved wheat variety seed, droughts, heavy rains, and high cost of farm inputs. Through wheat research, the country will increase production, reduce the amount of wheat imports hence save the country’s foreign exchange. The study was undertaken in Narok and Nakuru Counties of Kenya. A sample size of 344 farmers was involved in the survey. Njoro BWII the most famous variety accounting for 30.4% of the total wheat varieties cultivated followed by Kwale (10.41%), Kenya Korongo (10.28%), Eagle10 (6.17%), and Kenya Kingbird (5.21%). All these (5) varieties collectively account 55.71% of the total varieties cultivated by the farmers in the study areas. Some of the varieties are more than 20years old. This indicates that wheat varietal turnover is very low. As a recommendation, to improve wheat production in Kenya, adoption of the new improved technologies should be accelerated to reduce the adoption lag period, varietal turnover rates should be increased and wheat production risks eliminated or minimized. Additionally, appropriate development programmes and policies promoting new technologies should target disease and pest management, input and output distribution, seed multiplication and diffusion.
To Compare and Evaluate the Fracture Resistance of Three Post Endodontic Restorations Including Silver Amalgam, Dual Cure Composite Resin and Fibre Reinforced Composite Resin
Authors: Pawar Patil Kalpana , Vyavahare Shivani , Daokar Sadashiv , Potfode Komal , Sarak Kshama , Khatod Madhuri
Published: April 2024

Background: Endodontically treated teeth are thought to be more prone to fracture. The last stage in a successful root canal treatment is to restore root canal-treated teeth with a permanent, definitive postendodontic restoration. Dehydration, dentin loss during endodontic procedures, and the elimination of significant anatomic elements like cusps, ridges, and the pulp chamber's arched roof—all of which contribute significantly to the normal tooth's support—are the causes of the fracture of endodontically treated teeth. Consequently, intracoronal strengthening is necessary to prevent tooth fracture, especially in the posterior teeth where compressive stresses brought on by occlusal forces can cause tooth fractures.1 Since core materials typically replace a significant portion of the tooth structure and must withstand multidirectional masticatory forces,their compressive strength is crucial.2  Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the compressive strengths of three direct post enododontic restorations.  Material and Methods: There are thirty extracted maxillary premolars chosen. After receiving root canal therapy, the teeth were divided randomly into three groups for immediate post-endodontic restorations: (i) silver amalgam (ii)Fiber-reinforced composite resin (iii) dual cure glass- reinforced composite resin . After that, a Universal Testing Machine was used to apply compressive stress on the teeth.  Statistical Analysis: Fracture loads will be compared statistically, and the data will be analysed using version 21.0 of SPSS software, analysis of variance and the Post-hoc test for multiple comparisons.  Result and Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, it showed that the post hoc tests reveal that the mean difference of compressive load strength is significant between all the groups, Amalgam has highest load strength followed by Fiber reinforced composite. Dual cure composite has lowest compressive load strength.
Confirmed Tuberculous Brain Miliary in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Claude Majambere Jean , Claude Bucumi Jean , El Ansari Sara , Ihbibane Fatima , Oulad Lahsen Ahd
Published: April 2024

Cerebral tuberculous miliary remains a rare extra-pulmonary clinical entity and potentially fatal form of tuberculosis. We present here a 69-year-old immunocompetent patient with tuberculous miliary with cerebral and pulmonary involvement, complicated by hydrocephalus. The aim was to clear our understanding of the clinical and radiological polymorphism of tuberculosis which can delay diagnosis and consequently delay the start of treatment.
Leveraging Mobile Net and Yolo Algorithm for Enhanced Perception in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Grace R Rithika , H Vaishnavi , Ponrani M Angelin
Published: April 2024

This project presents a cutting-edge autonomous navigation system designed to enhance spatial understanding and object recognition for vehicles. Equipped with cameras on both the left and right sides, by capturing comprehensive view of the surroundings, utilizing stereo vision for crucial depth information. The integration of Mobile Net and YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithms is central to achieving real-time object detection and recognition. Mobile Net is employed for efficient feature extraction, ensuring optimal computational efficiency. Simultaneously, YOLO plays a pivotal role in rapid and accurate identification of objects within the captured images, contributing to the robustness of spatial understanding crucial for autonomous navigation. The result is a comprehensive and reliable autonomous navigation system, showcasing the effectiveness of combining cutting-edge technologies for improved real time decision making.
Analysing the Organizational Culture on Performance of SMEs in Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Elijah Gogah Ouso , Abong’o Beatrice
Published: April 2024

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has recognized and emphasized the vital contribution of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises within the Asia- Pacific region. SMEs, which constitute a staggering 95% of businesses in the region, play a pivotal role by employing 60% of the workforce. Globally, SMEs contribute to 90% of businesses and are essential for economic growth in both developing and developed nations. In Kenya, SMEs constitute 98% of all businesses and contribute significantly to job opportunities and the national GDP. In Kisumu District, SMEs account for 70% of employment and over 60% of the Gross National Product (GNP). However, despite their importance, a report from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) suggests that three out of every five businesses in Kenya are at risk of failure within the next few years. Existing research on the relationship between organizational culture and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) performance is scarce, particularly concerning SMEs located in Kisumu County. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of organizational culture on the performance of SMEs in Kisumu County. Specifically, the study focused on three types of cultures: clan, adhocracy, and market cultures, guided by the Organizational Culture theory. A sample size of 285 SME owners and managers participated in the study, and data collection involved the use of questionnaires with closed and open-ended questions. The study's findings revealed that all the variables, including clan culture, adhocracy culture, and market culture, were significantly positively correlated with SME performance. Clan culture had a strong positive influence, while adhocracy culture had a moderate positive influence. Market culture had a relatively weaker positive influence. These influences were statistically significant, indicating that organizational culture plays a critical role in SME performance. The study recommends that SMEs in Kisumu County should regularly monitor and evaluate their performance, stay informed about market trends, and effectively compete with other companies. Embracing clan culture, adhocracy culture, and market culture within an organization has the potential to positively impact Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) performance. These aspects of organizational culture foster collaboration, adaptability, and market responsiveness, leading to improvements in SME performance. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of embracing new ideas, fostering creativity and innovation, and investing in research and experimentation to enhance SME performance.
Hybrid Intelligence Systems Combining Human Expertise and AI/RPA for Complex Problem Solving
Authors: Venigandla Kamala , Vemuri Navya , Vemuri Naveen
Published: April 2024

Hybrid Intelligence Systems (HIS) represent a paradigm shift in problem-solving methodologies by integrating human expertise with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotic Process Automation (RPA). This paper explores the mechanisms, applications, benefits, challenges, and future directions of HIS in the context of complex problem-solving. Through collaborative synergies between human cognition and machine intelligence, HIS enhances decision-making accuracy, efficiency, and innovation. Human experts contribute domain knowledge, contextual understanding, and ethical reasoning, while AI algorithms and RPA systems offer data-driven insights, computational power, and process automation capabilities. HIS fosters inclusivity, diversity, and democratization in problem-solving processes by harnessing the collective intelligence of diverse teams and stimulating interdisciplinary collaboration. However, challenges such as privacy concerns, data security risks, and algorithmic biases must be addressed to realize the full potential of HIS. Looking ahead, the integration of Explainable AI (XAI), Edge AI, and Neuro symbolic AI holds promise for enhancing transparency, interpretability, and robustness in HIS architectures. Human-centered design principles and interdisciplinary research collaborations will shape the development and deployment of HIS, ensuring alignment with human values, preferences, and needs. Ultimately, HIS will continue to serve as a beacon of collaboration, creativity, and collective intelligence in shaping a better world for generations to come.
Experiences of Using a Real Compound Microscope and a Virtual Compound Microscope in Understanding Plant Tissues by First-year Life Science Students at a Tertiary Institution in South Africa
Authors: Momoti Vuyokazi , Boateng Sakyiwaa , Sihele Thamsanqa
Published: April 2024

During the COVID-19 outbreak, the majority of tertiary institutions preferred virtual laboratories to face-to-face laboratories which posed a challenge to many students. The objective of the study was to examine students’ experiences at a higher institution using both a physical and virtual microscope. This qualitative study involved ten randomly chosen first-year Life Science students. They had to prepare and view onion cells under a real microscope, while the second assignment required them to observe onion cell preparation in a virtual laboratory. Students completed a questionnaire containing open-ended questions. The results were analyzed using themes, and the study found that pupils prefer physical microscopes to virtual microscopes. This is because students interact with the equipment in the laboratory, which encourages intellectual interests, knowledge sharing, and the development of social connections. Students can manipulate actual objects, manually focus microscopes, and interact in real time with microscopic worlds. This hands-on expertise is critical for instructing students and researchers on laboratory practices. Real microscopes are versatile pieces of equipment that can be utilized for a wide range of applications, from basic instruction to advanced research. Although virtual microscopes have advanced in terms of image quality, real microscopes provide better resolution and clarity. The study will make a substantial addition to university laboratory pedagogies and expose students to scientific investigations, given the majority of students come from rural schools with limited laboratory equipment such as microscopes.

Keywords: Physical Microscope, Virtual Microscope, Experiences, Intellectual Interest, Social Interactions
Contra la libertad, de Andrés Biehl y Germán Vera
Authors: Pérez de Arce Pimstein Rodrigo
Published: April 2024

Reseña de Rodrigo Pérez de Arce Pimstein, del libro Contra la libertad de Andrés Biehl y Germán Vera. Santiago: Ariel, 2023.
La “Orden de Medema” en el marco del sistema judicial visigótico tardío
Authors: Martin Céline
Published: April 2024

Este trabajo estudia el documento en pergamino más antiguo de España, la «orden de Medema» (Archivo Histórico Nacional, Madrid, cod. L. 1452B, N 13), fechado en 696, que desde su descubrimiento en 1970 por Anscari Mundó ha sido prácticamente ignorado por los historiadores. Aunque tiene varias lagunas, se entiende que la orden de Medema trata de la futura celebración de un juicio. Por ello, se presenta aquí en primer lugar un esbozo del ordenamiento judicial hispanovisigodo de finales de siglo VII en el que se enmarca, ordenamiento basado en el conde, el juez rural y el obispo. A continuación, se ofrece una transcripción del documento, con propuestas para suplir sus lagunas, así como una traducción del mismo. En último lugar, se procura esclarecer la identidad de los personajes nombrados en la carta, especialmente la de su autor, así como las circunstancias de su elaboración y su encaje en las leyes del Liber Iudiciorum. La hipótesis defendida es que Medema es conde y se dispone a rendir justicia junto con el obispo Involatus de Tortosa, después de que uno de los litigantes haya recurrido a la tuitio de este último.
Vox populi, vox regis ou l’art du monologue politique : Les réunions publiques sous Philippe IV le Bel
Authors: Decoster Caroline
Published: April 2024

Le règne de Philippe le Bel a, de longue date,
attiré l’attention de l’historiographie par l’usage régulier de
convocations d’assemblées, dans le cadre des affaires emblématiques du
règne. Cette contribution a pour objet d’analyser une catégorie plus
particulière parmi toutes ces assemblées : les réunions publiques
tenues à Paris. À quatre reprises, le Capétien a convoqué le peuple de
Paris, afin qu’il lui manifeste son soutien dans des contextes
politiques tendus, comme lors de l’arrestation des Templiers. Donnant
toutes les apparences de la spontanéité, ces assemblées furent,
paradoxalement, des exercices de style de la propagande capétienne.
Réduisant le dialogue politique à sa plus simple expression, elles
permirent de créer des lieux de manifestation d’un soutien, présenté
comme sans faille, à la politique royale, mais aussi de rappeler aux
sujets de Philippe le Bel quelles étaient leurs obligations envers
lui.
« Se acord ne concorde ne s’y met, tout est taillé de périr ». Doléances et réforme en France et dans l’Empire médiéval
Authors: Naegle Gisela
Published: April 2024

Au Moyen Âge, assemblées d’états et conciles furent un terrain privilégié pour la présentation de doléances. Provoquée par les schismes ecclésiastiques et royaux et par les luttes violentes entre partis, la peur des conflits intestins qui risquaient de mettre en danger la survie ou l’existence du Saint-Empire ou du royaume de France fut profondément enracinée. Pour l’exprimer et pour revendiquer des mesures de réforme, les auteurs de l’époque utilisèrent l’image d’une maladie grave ou mortelle qu’un bon médecin devait combattre avec des remèdes efficaces. La comparaison de deux textes de Jean Juvénal des Ursins, le Loquar in tribulacione (1439/1440) et La deliberacion faicte a Tours (1468), avec la troisième partie de la Concordance catholique de Nicolas de Cues (1433-1434) permet ainsi d’examiner de près la rhétorique de la comparaison entre le corps politique du royaume/de l’Empire et le corps humain. Chez Nicolas de Cues, en particulier, cette image comporte de nombreux détails médicaux concrets.
« Projets des têtes fêlées » ou voix d’une France majeure ? Les formes de la revendication citoyenne à la fin de l’Ancien Régime
Authors: Dziembowski Edmond
Published: April 2024

En 1760, le publiciste ministériel Jacob-Nicolas
Moreau constatait que de nombreux Français, loin de se satisfaire de
leur statut passif de sujets, souhaitaient participer d’une façon ou
d’une autre à la vie publique. Cette France citoyenne, qui s’affirme
nettement pendant la guerre de Sept Ans, s’exprime d’une manière
encore plus explicite deux décennies plus tard, lors de la guerre
d’Indépendance américaine. Au lendemain de la défaite navale des
Saintes (12 avril 1782), de nombreux particuliers offrent leur
concours au ministère pour reconstruire la marine et profitent parfois
des circonstances pour lui envoyer leurs doléances sous la forme de
projets de réforme. Bien que souvent naïfs, voire fantaisistes, ces «
projets des têtes fêlées » ne méritent pourtant pas le mépris que leur
manifestait Louis-Sébastien Mercier. Expression d’une France qui
s’estime majeure et qui regrette de ne pas être entendue par
Versailles, ils nous livrent une précieuse radiographie de la culture
politique des dernières années de l’Ancien Régime.
Clameur et complainte dans le discours législatif royal à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Petit-Renaud Sophie
Published: April 2024

Au xive
siècle et pendant un siècle et demi, la plainte politique est exprimée
dans les ordonnances royales par la clameur. Celle-ci – prise de
parole conflictuelle sur le mode du ressentiment, dénonciation
collective des abus – est potentiellement subversive et peut être une
étape vers la sédition. Elle est donc neutralisée et canalisée dans le
discours législatif. La clameur instrumentalisée devient ainsi un
élément du discours de réformation ; elle permet de transformer les
oppositions en consensus autour des décisions royales et de signifier
que le souverain, averti des injustices et en phase avec l’opinion, a
agi en conséquence. À partir du milieu du xve
siècle, une fois les crises passées, les ordonnances font état de la
clameur de manière résiduelle. Elle est remplacée par la remontrance
et la doléance dans le cadre d’un dialogue plus respectueux de
l’autorité royale.
L’art comme arme en politique
Authors: Dubois Claire
Published: April 2024

Constance Markievicz (1868-1927), née Gore-Booth, fille d’une riche famille anglo-irlandaise, ne semblait en rien destinée à prendre les armes pour l’indépendance irlandaise et la cause des femmes. Femme et journaliste engagée, elle œuvre à la diffusion d’idéaux républicains, socialistes et féministes lors de la période révolutionnaire. Elle se bat aux côtés des hommes et appelle les femmes à s’engager pour la cause. Consciente du pouvoir des images, elle exploite ses talents artistiques pour transmettre ses idées politiques et mobiliser le public dans la lutte pour l’indépendance. Actrice puis dramaturge, elle revisite le récit national exclusivement masculin, afin que l’engagement politique des femmes entre dans la mémoire collective. L’objet de cet ouvrage est de montrer comment les œuvres de Constance Markievicz, armes au service de son activisme multiforme, lui ont permis d’exprimer et de mettre en scène sa résistance, dans l’espoir d’inspirer ses contemporaines.
Construire pour écrire
Authors: Brunel Magali
Published: April 2024

La complexité de la tâche de production d’écrit au cycle III et la moindre part des recherches sur la phase d’avant texte (Camps et Milian, 2001 ; Kervyn et Faux, 2014) justifie l’orientation générale du projet présentée : celle-ci repose sur une expérimentation consistant à proposer aux élèves de construire (une maquette) avant d’écrire. Nous considérons qu’une telle étape peut favoriser le développement de compétences scripturales et améliorer le rapport à l’écrit. À travers une recherche collaborative de type design, nous avons conçu un dispositif à travers lequel la phase de conception de l’écrit est favorisée par une étape de construction en petits groupes d’élèves. Les premiers résultats, qui portent sur l’analyse des tests et des entretiens d’élèves à mi-parcours, permettent d’accéder à la façon dont ces apprentis perçoivent le dispositif ainsi qu’à des éléments permettant de cerner l’évolution de leur rapport à la production d’écrit fictionnel : il apparait que les élèves identifient bien le lien entre phase de construction et phase d’écriture, qu’ils éprouvent le rôle de la collaboration dans la phase de construction et qu’ils perçoivent aussi le fait que leur construction constitue une aide pour concevoir un univers fictionnel cohérent.
Explorer la circulation de la catégorie « musiques urbaines » à la fin des années 2010 en France
Authors: Lesacher Claire
Published: April 2024

Cet article interroge les processus liés à la circulation de la forme de catégorisation musiques urbaines, en France, à la fin des années 2010. À l’aune d’une approche interactionniste et discursive, l’article explore les dynamiques à l’œuvre concernant cette catégorie musicale qui articule plusieurs généalogies inscrites dans des rapports sociaux spatialisés. À partir des discussions de David Brackett sur le genre musical, l’article questionne ce que peuvent produire, transmettre et tisser les usages discursifs de la catégorie musiques urbaines. Dans ce cadre, notre analyse porte sur trois corpus constitués qui s’attachent aux usages et aux pratiques de divers acteur·trices : des discours médiatiques qui mobilisent la forme de catégorisation musiques urbaines, les réponses d’étudiant·es à un questionnaire axé sur leurs pratiques discursives concernant les musiques urbaines et deux entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec des programmateurs d’une salle de musiques et d’un club/salle de concert, qui affichent cette forme de catégorisation de la musique.
Widening the Role of Text for Disciplinary Literacy Instruction
Authors: Kennedy Kara , Manderino Michael , Qamar Sadia
Published: April 2024

This chapter will examine the role of multimodal texts to support students' disciplinary learning. Disciplinary literacy is based on a premise of access to advanced ways of thinking and doing as contextualized by individual disciplines. The authors put forth a framework of disciplinary literacy that combines habits of thinking such as thinking strategies, habits of practice or the actions experts engage in, beliefs experts hold about the discipline, and language use and vocabulary in the discipline. Disciplinary literacy in the classroom utilizes all these components to help students read, write, and think similar to ways that experts do in order to help them move past memorizing information and instead engage in authentic disciplinary argumentation and problem solving.
Impact of Disasters in Higher Education
Authors: Santos-Reyes Jaime , Santos-Reyes Galdino , Tejeida-Padilla Ricardo
Published: April 2024

The chapter presents the results of the impact of the two 2017 earthquakes that occurred in Mexico City and the hurricane Otis that hit Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. Moreover, the perception of fear of buildings collapsing during the occurrence of the two earthquakes. The case study was centered on university students of the affected cities. The main conclusions were the following: a) Overall, there is a lack of studies or reports on the extent of the impacts caused by disasters in higher educational systems in Mexico. University students are affected by the interruption of their studies and this issue has not been addressed explicitly on how to deal with it. b) The disasters covered in the chapter suggest that university students (and lecturers) exhibited prosocial behavior not only those in the affected areas but also students nationwide. c) Disasters trigger disruption to critical infrastructures such as the water supply systems, energy sector, transportation, communications systems, and d) university students exhibited fear of building collapsing during the 2017 earthquakes.
A Case Study on the Role of Distance Education in Disaster and Crisis Management
Authors: Aksu Ebru Ozge , Kilinc Hakan
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the research is to examine the perceptions of educators in the disaster area regarding the positive and negative aspects of distance education and their views on how the process is experienced in the field of education, in the Kahramanmaras-centered earthquake that occurred in 11 provinces of Turkey in February 2023. After determining the basic research questions for the purpose of the research, a case study design was adopted with a qualitative approach in order to obtain the expert opinions and suggestions of educators providing distance education in the disaster area during the data collection phase. The educators were interviewed using Google Forms, and they were asked to answer the semi-structured open-ended questions directed to them. The answers given by the educators were subjected to content analysis. Some of the themes obtained in this direction can be listed as follows: dynamic and updated education process, raising awareness of the people living in the region, a potential to benefit from lifelong learning, and access to true and reliable information resources.
Whistleblower Protection in EU Law
Authors: Milczarek Ewa
Published: April 2024

The chapter highlights the crucial role of whistleblowers in democratic societies, emphasizing their contribution to transparency and accountability in public and private institutions. It discusses the significance of directive (EU) 2019/1937 in creating a uniform framework for whistleblower protection in European Union Member States. The directive aims to encourage comprehensive and effective protection, covering issues beyond labor law. The chapter delves into challenges in implementing whistleblower protection, citing the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical conduct. It emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between whistleblower protection, CSR, and corporate ethics. The authors stress that while legislation is vital, an effective whistleblower protection system requires broader efforts, including corporate governance measures and fostering a positive attitude towards whistleblowing.
Ethical Dilemmas in the Metaverse
Authors: Kour Manjit , Rani Kavita
Published: April 2024

This research explores the moral ramifications of the metaverse, a virtual environment where users can create and communicate. As consumers spend more time in the digital environment, worries about privacy and data security become more pressing, bringing up issues of data exploitation and cyberspace bullying. The study emphasises how virtual currencies and assets unintentionally create social inequalities and calls for ethical frameworks to guarantee equity. Issues with identity and representation in the metaverse, including those with authorization, authenticity, and identity theft, are discussed along with the mental health effects of extended virtual immersion. The study concludes by urging a responsible approach to the metaverse's evolution and highlighting the significance of comprehending and resolving ethical issues in order to put user welfare and ethical considerations first in the rapidly changing digital landscape.
The Resilient Brand Management Framework as a Responsive Business Strategy in the Industry 4.0 Era
Authors: Jamader Asik Rahaman , Dasgupta Santanu , Baibhaw Govind
Published: April 2024

The analysis suggests that the application of the sustainability concept underpinning the framework of resilient branding (FRB) has a significant impact on business in contemporary markets, which is supported by the authors' prior narrative, examination, and systematic reflections. The study's practical application is to combine sustainable marketing to improve performance with the psychological capital theory, which emphasizes fostering optimism and personality where the system dynamic model for resilient branding and sigmoid action resilience of brand equity by Heise is used for better results. Future research should consider the suggested theories as worthwhile topics.
Reasons for Undergraduates’ Attitudes toward Online Learning
Authors: Naotunna N. P. G. S. I. , Thiranagama A. W. , Ariyarathna K. C. , Ekanayake I. A. , Dharmaratne K. L. B. G.
Published: April 2024

While online learning was implemented voluntarily in some countries, the pandemic forced many countries to embrace online learning as the only strategy for continuing the education of university students. Even though Sri Lanka was returning to some normalcy, the current economic catastrophe in Sri Lanka still forces online learning. Although the previous studies focused on many aspects of online learning, students’ attitudes toward online learning and the reasons behind those attitudes received rare attention. In this background, our paper explores the reasons for university students’ attitudes toward online learning based on nearly two and a half years of experience. Under the qualitative methodology, 20 semi-structured interviews were held with private and state university students. Our data analyses revealed that while no students have extremely positive or negative attitudes, many believe in online learning during crises. Also, in general, our participants’ attitudes toward online learning were mixed since they felt positive and negative about it depending on psychological factors, teaching methods, online learning environment, administration, colleagues, and crisis-driven reasons. While online learning was implemented voluntarily in some countries, the pandemic forced many countries to embrace online learning as the only strategy for continuing the education of university students. Even though Sri Lanka was returning to some normalcy, the current economic catastrophe in Sri Lanka still forces online learning. Although the previous studies focused on many aspects of online learning, students’ attitudes toward online learning and the reasons behind those attitudes received rare attention. In this background, our paper explores the reasons for university students’ attitudes toward online learning based on nearly two and a half years of experience. Under the qualitative methodology, 20 semi-structured interviews were held with private and state university students. Our data analyses revealed that while no students have extremely positive or negative attitudes, many believe in online learning during crises. Also, in general, our participants’ attitudes toward online learning were mixed since they felt positive and negative about it depending on psychological factors, teaching methods, online learning environment, administration, colleagues, and crisis-driven reasons.
A Rare Variant of the Portal Vein Formation
Authors: Jayarathna M. J. S. , Hewagampalage S. C. , Kosgallana E. W. , Udupihille J. , Amaratunga H. A.
Published: April 2024

The portal vein (PV) is a major vessel that supplies blood to the liver and is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and the splenic vein (SV) behind the neck of the pancreas. Generally, the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) drains to the SV. Several variations to this anatomy have been reported, with the most frequent variant being the typical pattern (Type I) just described above, followed by IMV draining into SMV, then SMV joining SV to form PV (Type III), and trifurcation of SMV, IMV, and SV (Type II) respectively. The index case that we report here is unique as it is not described in published classifications such as Thomson or Krumm et al. Such unknown variants when found during surgical procedures may lead to unexpected adverse events during surgical and radiological procedures. Therefore, reporting such variants is important in minimizing iatrogenic injuries.
Dual fixation for coracoid fracture with acute acromioclavicular joint disruption: a case series
Authors: Elshahhat Amr , Ahmed Moheib S
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The management of acute disruption of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) in conjunction with a concomitant coracoid fracture has been discussed. This combined orthopedic injury is uncommon because radiographs alone may not always be enough to identify the coracoid component clearly. There are different options for management, ranging from nonsurgical, single, or double fixation strategy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a clavicular hook plate combined with a coracoid screw fixation in patients who engage in high-demand activities and athletes over a minimum of a year of follow-up.

Patients and methods

Following the dual fixation strategy, seven patients were followed clinically and radiologically with a mean follow-up 16 weeks, through which a rehabilitation program was adhered to. The range of motion around the shoulder, American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeons, and constant scores were utilized to evaluate patients clinically during their last follow-up visit. Furthermore, radiological assessment of the reduction of the ACJ according to coracoclavicular distance (CCD) and CCD ratio.

Results

The findings in this study showed a statistically significant improvement between the 3, 6, and 12-month American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeons scores, which were 39.1 ± 14, 67.4 ± 1, and 86.7 ± 5, respectively (P<0.001). The mean range of motions for active shoulder abduction and forward elevation was 171.4 ± 6.3° and 156.4 ± 12.8°, respectively. 9 ± 0.9 mm was the mean CCD, and 1.07% was the mean CCD ratio.

Conclusion

A stable fixation construct with significant functionality can be successfully achieved through the dual fixation strategy using a coracoid screw and hook plate with no coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction in the treatment of concomitant coracoid fracture and acute ACJ injuries in athletes and high-demand patients.
Double Screws technique for management of unstable transverse humeral fractures: A comparative study
Authors: Gaarour Osama Samir , Elshahhat Amr
Published: April 2024

Background

Plate osteosynthesis is considered the gold standard treatment for unstable humeral shaft fracture. During the surgery, it is usually advisable to achieve a preliminary reduction while applying compression on the fracture site before the plate application. While this can be easily achieved in oblique and spiral fractures using the interfragmentary screws, it is almost impossible to achieve in the transverse fractures. As a result, we introduce the Double Screws (DS) technique as a reliable solution for this problem comparing it with the traditional indirect reduction by the plate itself.

Materials and methods:

Patients with unstable transverse humeral shaft fractures admitted at Mansoura Trauma and Emergency Hospital during the period from July 2020 to July 2021 were collected. They were divided into two groups: one for DS reduction technique and the other for the traditional indirect reduction by the plate. Results regarding operative time, intra-operative blood loss, healing, and other complications were reported.

Results:

the mean operative time was significantly lower in DS group being 101.3 ± 2.3 min compared to 120.4 ± 11.2 min in the traditional group (P=0.0015). Similarly, the mean blood loss was significantly lower in DS group being 320.9 ± 15.7 ml compared to 344.16 ± 15.6 ml in the traditional group (P=0.0035). Time to union was comparable being 14.8 ± 0.8weeks and 14.3 ± 1.6weeks in the DS and traditional groups respectively (P=0.46).

Conclusion

DS technique is considered a reliable, time efficient and less bloody method for reduction of unstable transverse fracture pattern of humeral diaphysis.
Hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919) ameliorates functional deficits after traumatic brain injury in mice by activating the sigma-1 receptor for antioxidation
Authors: Bai Yafan , Ma Hui , Zhang Yue , Li Jinfeng , Hou Xiaojuan , Yang Yixin , Wang Guyan , Li Yunfeng
Published: April 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202508000-00023/figure1/v/2024-09-30T120553Z/r/image-tiff

Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms, among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury. In this study, we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919), a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties, and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury. Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema. Next, we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells. Finally, the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist (BD-1047). Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury, while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood–brain barrier disruption and brain edema. Furthermore, YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro. The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047. These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress, a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047. YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.
High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system: regeneration hidden beneath inflammation
Authors: Kim Hanki , Kim Bum Jun , Koh Seungyon , Cho Hyo Jin , Jin Xuelian , Kim Byung Gon , Choi Jun Young
Published: April 2024

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields, including neurology and neuroscience. High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern, which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern, such as glycyrrhizin, ethyl pyruvate, and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies, are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders. Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect, high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders. In this narrative review, we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern, its downstream receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways, how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system, and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role. Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.
Unveiling the Biomarkers: Identifying Key Signatures for Cancer Hallmarks
Authors: Verma Shikha , Sharan Aditi
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Finding biomarkers that are closely associated with cancer-related traits is critical to the advancement of cancer research, especially when it comes to personalised treatment. The objective of this research is to explore multiple biomarker categories, including genetics, proteins, and chemicals, in order to better understand the complex terrain of cancer.
OBJECTIVES: Few of the objectives include examining a variety of biomarker types, such as chemical, protein, and genetic markers and determining which important biomarker signatures correspond to each cancer hallmark.
Also the study aims to perform a comparative analysis to show how the SVM model's features incorporating identified biomarkers improves classification performance.
METHODS: The study includes NLP and ML techniques for the identification and classification of biomarkers for the hallmark of cancer dataset.
RESULTS: The discovery of important biomarker signatures connected to every cancer hallmark is one of the study's primary findings. In addition, our new SVM-based classification model performed well in the multilabel text classification of PubMed abstracts, showing a significant improvement in performance when the biomarkers were used as features.
CONCLUSION: To sum up, this study makes a substantial contribution to the area of cancer research by identifying important biomarker signatures connected to many cancer hallmarks.