bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Relationship Between Binge Eating Episodes and Personality Attributable to Genetic Factors?
Authors: Koren Rachel , Munn-Chernoff Melissa A. , Duncan Alexis E. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Heath Andrew C. , Agrawal Arpana
Published: January 2014

Aspects of disordered eating and personality traits, such as neuroticism, are correlated and individually heritable. We examined the phenotypic correlation between binge eating episodes and indices of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and control/impulsivity). For correlations ≥|0.20|, we estimated the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contributed to this correlation. Participants included 3,446 European American same-sex female twins from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study (median age = 22 years). Binge eating episode was assessed via interview questions. Personality traits were assessed by self-report questionnaires. There was a significant moderate phenotypic correlation between binge eating episode and neuroticism (r = 0.33) as well as conscientiousness (r = -0.21), while other correlations were significant but smaller (r ranging from -0.14 to 0.14). Individual differences in binge eating episodes, neuroticism, and conscientiousness were attributed to additive genetic influences (38% [95% CI: 21–53%], 45% [95% CI: 38–52%], and 44% [95% CI: 0.33–0.55%] respectively), with the remaining variance attributed to individual-specific environmental influences. Covariance was attributable to genetic (neuroticism rg = 0.37; conscientiousness rg = -0.22) and individual-specific environmental (neuroticism re = 0.28; conscientiousness re = -0.19) influences. Personality traits may be an early indicator of genetic vulnerability to a variety of pathological behaviors, including binge eating episode. Furthermore, prior research documenting phenotypic correlations between eating disorder diagnoses and personality may have stemmed from etiological overlap between these personality traits and aspects of disordered eating, such as binge eating episode.
Neues aus der Psychokardiologie: Depression und koronare Herzkrankheit
Authors: von Känel Roland
Published: January 2014

Nach einem Myokardinfarkt findet sich bei jedem fünften Patient eine major depression. Diese ist ein Risikofaktor für das erstmalige Auftreten einer koronaren Herzkrankheit sowie für eine schlechte Prognose nach Myokardinfarkt. Ein ungünstiges Gesundheitsverhalten, metabolische und pathophysiologische Veränderungen und eine schlechte Compliance mit der kardialen Therapie vermögen diese Zusammenhänge teilweise zu erklären. Die besondere psychologische Qualität mit Stresserleben während des Infarkts und immunologische und entzündliche Vorgänge scheinen für die Manifestation einer Depression nach Myokardinfarkt bedeutsam. Während Psychotherapie, Antidepressiva und körperliche Aktivität die depressive Verstimmung bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit reduzieren, senkt die kardiale Rehabilitation auch das Mortalitätsrisiko. Die Identifizierung von besonders kardiotoxischen Charakteristika der Depression soll ermöglichen, in Zukunft noch wirksamere Therapien zu entwickeln.
Cerebral Blood Flow is an Earlier Indicator of Perfusion Abnormalities than Cerebral Blood Volume in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lacalle-Aurioles María , Mateos-Pérez José M , Guzmán-De-Villoria Juan A , Olazarán Javier , Cruz-Orduña Isabel , Alemán-Gómez Yasser , Martino María-Elena , Desco Manuel
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) can better characterize perfusion abnormalities in predementia stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than cerebral blood volume (CBV) and whether cortical atrophy is more associated with decreased CBV or with decreased CBF. We compared measurements of CBV, CBF, and mean cortical thickness obtained from magnetic resonance images in a group of healthy controls, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who converted to AD after 2 years of clinical follow-up (MCI-c), and patients with mild AD. A significant decrease in perfusion was detected in the parietal lobes of the MCI-c patients with CBF parametric maps but not with CBV maps. In the MCI-c group, a negative correlation between CBF values and cortical thickness in the right parahippocampal gyrus suggests an increase in CBF that depends on cortical atrophy in predementia stages of AD. Our study also suggests that CBF deficits appear before CBV deficits in the progression of AD, as CBV abnormalities were only detected at the AD stage, whereas CBF changes were already detected in the MCI stage. These results confirm the hypothesis that CBF is a more sensitive parameter than CBV for perfusion abnormalities in MCI-c patients.
‘Click cyclic ADP-ribose’: a neutral second messenger mimic
Authors: Swarbrick Joanna M. , Graeff Richard , Garnham Clive , Thomas Mark P. , Galione Antony , Potter Barry V. L.
Published: January 2014

Neutral synthetic analogues of the second messenger cADPR with a 1,2,3-triazole pyrophosphate bioisostere retain the ability to activate Ca2+release and to inhibit hydrolysis of cADPR by CD38.
Janus molecularly imprinted polymer particles
Authors: Huang Chuixiu , Shen Xiantao
Published: January 2014

Janus MIP particles were synthesized via a wax–water Pickering emulsion. The MIP microtransporter concept provided the Janus MIP particles with attractive capabilities for autonomous binding and controlled drug delivery.
Catalytic amide formation from non-activated carboxylic acids and amines
Authors: Lundberg Helena , Tinnis Fredrik , Selander Nicklas , Adolfsson Hans
Published: January 2014

This article reviews synthetically relevant methods for the direct condensation of carboxylic acids and amines into amides, mediated by various types of catalysts.
Crosstalk between kinases and Nedd4 family ubiquitin ligases
Authors: An Heeseon , Krist David T. , Statsyuk Alexander V.
Published: January 2014

Understanding the interplay between kinase and E3 ligase signaling pathways will allow better understanding of therapeutically relevant pathways and the design of small molecule therapeutics targeting these pathways.
A conformational analysis of mouse Nalp3 domain structures by molecular dynamics simulations, and binding site analysis
Authors: Sahoo Bikash R. , Maharana Jitendra , Bhoi Gopal K. , Lenka Santosh K. , Patra Mahesh C. , Dikhit Manas R. , Dubey Praveen K. , Pradhan Sukanta K. , Behera Bijay K.
Published: January 2014

A binding site analysis of adenosine triphosphate, muramyl dipeptide and imidazoquinoline, with mouse Nalp3 domains and free energy calculations.
Leaf metallome preserved over 50 million years
Authors: Edwards N. P. , Manning P. L. , Bergmann U. , Larson P. L. , van Dongen B. E. , Sellers W. I. , Webb S. M. , Sokaras D. , Alonso-Mori R. , Ignatyev K. , Barden H. E. , van Veelen A. , Anné J. , Egerton V. M. , Wogelius R. A.
Published: January 2014

Large scale chemical imaging of modern and fossil plants using synchrotron rapid scanning X-ray fluorescence reveals that original bioaccumulated metals can be preservedin situwithin plant remains for over 50 million years.
Tumor targeting profiling of hyaluronan-coated lipid based-nanoparticles
Authors: Mizrahy Shoshy , Goldsmith Meir , Leviatan-Ben-Arye Shani , Kisin-Finfer Einat , Redy Orit , Srinivasan Srimeenakshi , Shabat Doron , Godin Biana , Peer Dan
Published: January 2014

Hyaluronan (HA), a naturally occurring high Mw (HMw) glycosaminoglycan, has been shown to play crucial roles in cell growth, embryonic development, healing processes, inflammation, and tumor development and progression.
Doubly thermo-responsive ABC triblock copolymer nanoparticles prepared through dispersion RAFT polymerization
Authors: Li Quanlong , Gao Chengqiang , Li Shentong , Huo Fei , Zhang Wangqing
Published: January 2014

Doubly thermo-responsive triblock copolymer nanoparticles are prepared by a dispersion RAFT polymerization and the nanoparticles exhibit a two-step phase-transition with increasing temperature.
Graphene-based three-dimensional hierarchical sandwich-type architecture for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Ma Mingze , Yang Jun , Huang Wei , Dong Xiaochen
Published: January 2014

A facile two-step method is developed for large-scale preparation of graphene-based three-dimensional hierarchical sandwich-type architecture (graphene/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Mn2O3) for high performance supercapacitor.
Heteropolytungstic acids incorporated in an ordered mesoporous zirconia framework as efficient oxidation catalysts
Authors: Skliri Euaggelia , Lykakis Ioannis N. , Armatas Gerasimos S.
Published: January 2014

Ordered mesoporous composite materials consisting of nanocrystalline ZrO2 and 12-phosphotungstic and 12-silicotungstic acids were synthesized and shown to be superior catalysts than individual components.
Overcharging, thermal, viscoelastic and hydration properties of DNA–gelatin complex coacervates: pharmaceutical and food industries
Authors: Arfin Najmul , Aswal V. K. , Bohidar H. B.
Published: January 2014

A schematic showing the coacervate matrix due to overcharge and the consequent inclusion of structured water inside the matrix.
Controlled growth of SiC flexible field emitters with clear and sharp tips
Authors: Chen Shanliang , Ying Pengzhan , Wang Lin , Gao Fengmei , Wei Guodong , Zheng Jinju , Xie Zhipeng , Yang Weiyou
Published: January 2014

We report the controlled growth of 3C-SiC flexible field emitters with clear and sharp tips based on the VLS mechanism.
Spectroscopic study of a synthesized Alq3 end-capped oligothiophene applied in organic solar cells
Authors: Manninen Venla M. , Heiskanen Juha P. , Kaunisto Kimmo M. , Hormi Osmo E. O. , Lemmetyinen Helge J.
Published: January 2014

We report the synthesis and wide spectroscopic studies of an Alq3 end-capped oligothiophene applied in organic solar cells.
High-efficiency water oxidation and energy storage utilizing various reversible redox mediators under visible light over surface-modified WO3
Authors: Miseki Yugo , Sayama Kazuhiro
Published: January 2014

Water oxidation and solar energy storage utilizing a reversible redox mediator were enhanced by the surface modification of the WO3 photocatalyst.
High electrochemical performance and phase evolution of magnetron sputtered MoO2 thin films with hierarchical structure for Li-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Liu Yulong , Zhang Hong , Ouyang Pan , Chen Wenhao , Wang Ying , Li Zhicheng
Published: January 2014

MoO2 thin films with hierarchical structure demonstrate excellent rate capability and reversible capacity, and the phase transformation mechanism was revealed.
Preparation of polyacrylonitrile–natural polymer composite precursors for carbon fiber using ionic liquid co solvent solutions
Authors: Byrne Nolene , Leblais Alexis , Fox Bronwyn
Published: January 2014

We report on the use of ionic liquid co-solvents in the preparation of polyacrylonitrile–natural polymer carbon fibers as low cost environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional carbon fibers precursors and processing solvents.
Manipulating the horizontal morphology and vertical distribution of the active layer in BHJ-PSC with a multi-functional solid organic additive
Authors: Wu Chun-Guey , Chiang Chien-Hung , Han Hsieh-Cheng
Published: January 2014

A new type of simple organic solid additive, 2,3-pyridinediol, was added into the active layer of a Bulk Hetero-Junction Polymer Solar Cell (BHJ-PSC) to improve the processing and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device.
Multiple transition metal oxide mesoporous nanospheres with controllable composition for lithium storage
Authors: Zhang Zailei , Tan Qiangqiang , Chen Yunfa , Yang Jun , Su Fabing
Published: January 2014

A general approach has been developed for the fabrication of multiple transition metal oxide mesoporous nanospheres with controllable composition.
Physicochemical characterization of segmented polyurethanes prepared with glutamine or ascorbic acid as chain extenders and their hydroxyapatite composites
Authors: Cetina-Diaz S. M. , Chan-Chan L. H. , Vargas-Coronado R. F. , Cervantes-Uc J. M. , Quintana-Owen P. , Paakinaho K. , Kellomaki M. , Di Silvio L. , Deb S. , Cauich-Rodríguez J. V.
Published: January 2014

Segmented polyurethanes with glutamine or ascorbic acid as chain extenders and their hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue regeneration.
Host–guest blue light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Pertegás Antonio , Shavaleev Nail M. , Tordera Daniel , Ortí Enrique , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Bolink Henk J.
Published: January 2014

Ionic charge-transporters for organic electronics.
Highly efficient single-layer organic light-emitting devices based on a bipolar pyrazine/carbazole hybrid host material
Authors: Liu Yuan , Cui Lin-Song , Xu Mei-Feng , Shi Xiao-Bo , Zhou Dong-Ying , Wang Zhao-Kui , Jiang Zuo-Quan , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: January 2014

High efficiency blue (F), green (P), orange (P) and F–P hybrid warm white single-layer OLEDs are fabricated through a simple manufacturing process.
Binding assay for low molecular weight analytes based on reflectometry of absorbing molecules in porous substrates
Authors: Stephan Milena , Kramer Corinna , Steinem Claudia , Janshoff Andreas
Published: January 2014

Small molecule sensing is of great importance in pharmaceutical research.
Signal transduction mechanism of biased ligands at histamine H2 receptors
Authors: Alonso Natalia , Monczor Federico , Echeverría Emiliana , Davio Carlos , Shayo Carina , Fernández Natalia
Published: January 2014

7TMRs (seven-transmembrane receptors) exist as conformational collections in which different conformations would lead to differential downstream behaviours such as receptor phosphorylation, G-protein activation and receptor internalization. In this context, a ligand may cause differential activation of some, but not all, of the signalling events, which are associated to a particular receptor, and it would lead to biased agonism. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether H2R (histamine H2 receptor) ligands, described as inverse agonists because of their negative efficacy at modulating adenylate cyclase, could display some positive efficacy concerning receptor desensitization, internalization or even signalling through an adenylate-cyclase-independent pathway. Our present findings indicate that treatment with H2R inverse agonists leads to receptor internalization in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293T transfected cells, by a mechanism mediated by arrestin and dynamin, but independent of GRK2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2)-mediated phosphorylation. On the other hand, we prove that two of the H2R inverse agonists tested, ranitidine and tiotidine, also induce receptor desensitization. Finally, we show that these ligands are able to display positive efficacy towards the ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway by a mechanism that involves Gβγ and PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-mediated signalling in both transfected HEK-293T cells and human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. These results point to the aspect of pluridimensional efficacy at H2R as a phenomenon that could be extended to naïve cells, and challenge previous classification of pharmacologically relevant histaminergic ligands.
Constrained kernel regression for pose estimation
Authors: Zhang Haopeng , Jiang Zhiguo
Published: January 2014

A constrained kernel regression model is proposed to solve the problem of one‐dimensional (1D) pose estimation. Unlike the traditional kernel regression model, a circular constraint is applied to the output of the regression function, i.e. using 2D coordinates on a unit circle as output instead of 1D pose angles from 0 to 360°. The experimental results show that with this constraint, the performance of kernel regression on the 1D pose estimation can be improved significantly, and the constrained kernel regression model can run in real‐time.
Personalised face neutralisation based on subspace bilinear regression
Authors: Chen Ying , Bai Ruilin , Hua Chunjian
Published: January 2014

Expression face neutralisation helps to improve the performance of expressive face recognition with one single neutral sample in gallery per subject. For learning‐based expression neutralisation, the virtual neutral face totally relies on training samples, which removes person‐specific characters from the neutralised face. Bilinear kernel rank reduced regression (BKRRR) algorithm is designed in a virtual subspace to simultaneously and efficiently generate both virtual expressive and neutral images from training samples. An expression mask is then established using grey and gradient differences of the two images. The test expression image is transformed to neutral template by piece‐wise affine warp (PAW). Using the virtual BKRRR neutral image as source, the PAW image as destination and the area covered by expression mask as clone area, an image fusion strategy based on Poisson equation is then designed, which achieves virtual neutralised face image with person‐specific characters preserved. From experiments on the CMU Multi‐PIE databases, it could be observed that the neutral faces synthesised by the proposed method could effectively approximate the real ground truth expressive faces, and greatly improve the performance of classic face recognition algorithms on expression variant problems.
Noise and vibration in brushless doubly fed machine and brushless doubly fed reluctance machine
Authors: Logan Thomas , McMahon Richard , Seffen Keith
Published: January 2014

This study investigates modes of vibration in brushless doubly fed machine and brushless doubly fed reluctance machine due to the interaction of its fundamental magnetic fields, via the bending forces they set up in the back iron. It is shown that the presence of two field components of different pole numbers leads to vibration components in addition to those that would be expected in single field machines such as the induction motor. Formulations for the frequencies and magnitudes of the expected vibration components are given and verified experimentally. It is shown that the strength of the vibration components is highly dependent on the choice of pole numbers in the machine, with some much worse than equivalent induction machines and some very similar. The methodology presented enables designers to determine whether their machines are likely to suffer from vibration problems in advance of construction, and to apply remedies where appropriate.
Analysis of and reflection on the short‐circuit fault of a large hydraulic generator
Authors: Jiawu Hu
Published: January 2014

As a large hydro‐generator carries a heavy load for the power grid, any fault in the generator would have extremely negative consequences for the power system, the power plant as well as for the local or even national economy. To minimise the risk of failure, the design, manufacture and operation of any large hydro‐generator necessitates meticulous care and caution. Taking the real case of one power plant in China, this study conducts a detailed analysis of the cause of a failure at its large hydro‐generator terminal because of a short‐circuit fault. Based on a series of simplified calculations, the analysis finds that the main causes of the failure are 2‐fold. On the one hand, instantaneous over‐voltage by the short circuit generated strong over current and released huge electro‐dynamic forces; on the other hand, the long period of de‐excitation inevitably prolonged the short‐circuit current, resulting in damage to the generator's windings as well as to other parts. The analysis uses the notion of instantaneous symmetrical components to explain the instantaneous over‐voltage and strong over‐current generated by the conversion fault in this particular case. It further emphasises the importance of rapid de‐excitation in similar circumstances.
Performance evaluation of controlling thermostatically controlled appliances as virtual generators using comfort‐constrained state‐queueing models
Authors: Wang Dan , Jia Hongjie , Wang Chengshan , Lu Ning , Fan Menghua , Miao Weiwei , Liu Zhe
Published: January 2014

This study presents a detailed performance evaluation of comfort‐constrained state‐queueing model for integration of thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs) as virtual generators (VGs). The configuration of VG models is presented. The heating mode of heating, ventilating and air‐conditioning (HVAC) unit – heat pump is used as an example TCA load to demonstrate VG operation. First, an estimated baseline of the aggregated HVAC loads is obtained based on outdoor temperature forecasts using thermal dynamic models. Then, the control method of HVAC units for intra‐hour load balancing is proposed. The effects of different comfort‐constraints, outdoor temperature profiles and thermal deadbands are modelled to evaluate the performance of TCAs as VGs. The technical functionality of the TCA‐VG is described and demonstrated by the modelling results.
Determination of available transfer capability with implication of cascading collapse uncertainty
Authors: Salim Nur Ashida , Othman Muhammad Murtadha , Serwan Mohd Salleh , Fotuhi‐Firuzabad Mahmud , Safdarian Amir , Musirin Ismail
Published: January 2014

Available transfer capability (ATC) provides important information for power marketers and planning sectors in restructured power systems. The stochastic nature of power system behaviour, however, made ATC determination a difficult and complicated task. A stochastic framework has been established for ATC calculation with implication of uncertainties in transmission failures, hourly peak loads and system cascading collapse. The proposed ATC calculation framework is based on parametric bootstrap technique which enables generating random samples of system operating condition with uncertainty at a predefined confidence interval. The IEEE RTS‐96 network is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The results presented indicate the significant impact of uncertainties on ATC value.
Relation between transmission lines coupling factor and over head earth wire length: its impacts on fault current distributions
Authors: Nassereddine Mohamad , Rizk Jamal , Hellany Ali , Nagrial Mahmood
Published: January 2014

High voltage (HV) transmission mains form important assets in electrical networks. The existence of this infrastructure within the community necessitates effective earthing design to ensure safety compliance. Overhead earth wire (OHEW) forms parts of the HV transmission mains, as such the OHEW plays an important role when it comes to fault current distributions. The existence of the OHEW introduces the coupling factor between the faulted phase and the OHEW. These coupling factor aides in further reducing the fault current percentage into the substation earth grid. If the OHEW is continuous and infinite between substations, 100% of the coupling factor applies. Under the condition where the OHEW is non‐continuous and finite, the coupling factor will not be to the full effect. This study endeavours to provide information in regards to the coupling factor under substation faults for a continuous and non‐continuous OHEW. Furthermore, the relation between the coupling factor and the length of the OHEW is established. For the finite condition, the impact on the pole grid current and the length of the OHEW is discussed. The study shows the advanced accuracy of the proposed new method with respect to the existing research methods. A case study is also included.
Active collision avoidance system for steering control of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Lin Ching‐Fu , Juang Jyh‐Ching , Li Kun‐Rui
Published: January 2014

The study proposes an active collision avoidance system to allow safe lane‐changing manoeuvres by self‐steering vehicles in the presence of the uncertainties associated with nearby vehicles and the surrounding environment. This system integrates estimation of conflict probability, model predictive control and dedicated short‐range communications (DSRC) techniques to ensure a collision‐free operation. To accomplish this, the proposed system uses model predictive control to predict the future positions of vehicles and estimates the conflict probability so as to reduce the risk of collision. The system also exploits DSRC techniques to facilitate the gathering of information from nearby vehicles so that potential conflicts can be detected at an earlier stage. Autonomous vehicles can thus make adjustments based on the acquired data to avoid collisions in a real communication environment. The effectiveness of the method has been verified under experimental conditions. The influences of key parameters in the control method are examined.
Printed inverted‐F antennas over lossy magneto‐dielectric materials: Theoretical approach and validations
Authors: Niamien Manouan Aka Constant , Collardey Sylvain , Sharaiha Ala , Mahdjoubi Kourosh
Published: January 2014

Closed‐form formulas for radiation efficiency and bandwidth predictions, suitable for printed inverted‐F antennas (PIFAs) over lossy magneto‐dielectric materials, are proposed. The formulation uses the field expressions inside the cavity for the first resonant‐mode (fundamental mode) based on the cavity model. It includes the substrate effective permittivity (εre) and permeability (µre) in addition to the radiation from both the shorting‐pad and the slot. The derived expressions for efficiency and bandwidth are validated with measurements and full‐wave CST simulations based on the finite integration technique. Various sizes and types of magneto‐dielectric materials are considered. It is noticed that magneto‐dielectric materials having √(εreµre) > εr or simply with µr > εr are advantageous for both radiation efficiency and bandwidth enhancement.
Radar cross section reduction of wideband antenna with a novel wideband radar absorbing materials
Authors: Wang Fuwei , Jiang Wen , Hong Tao , Xue Hui , Gong Shuxi , Zhang Yunqi
Published: January 2014

This study introduces a novel method to reduce the radar cross section (RCS) of wideband antennas. A novel wideband radar absorbing material (RAM) with frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) is proposed. The wideband RAM is used as the ground plane of a Yagi‐Uda and a Vivaldi antenna for in‐band RCS reduction. The measurement result shows that the radiation pattern of the antennas over the whole band is preserved when wideband RAM is used. The RCS of the Yagi‐Uda and Vivaldi antenna with RAM can be reduced by more than 10 dB over the operating band with this method.
Symmetry and plate-like convection in fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity
Authors: Curbelo Jezabel , Mancho Ana M.
Published: January 2014

We explore the instabilities developed in a fluid in which viscosity depends on temperature. In particular, we consider a dependency that models a very viscous (and thus rather rigid) lithosphere over a convecting mantle. To this end, we study a 2D convection problem in which viscosity depends on temperature by abruptly changing its value by a factor of 400 within a narrow temperature gap. We conduct a study which combines bifurcation analysis and time-dependent simulations. Solutions such as limit cycles are found that are fundamentally related to the presence of symmetry. Spontaneous plate-like behaviors that rapidly evolve towards a stagnant lid regime emerge sporadically through abrupt bursts during these cycles. The plate-like evolution alternates motions towards either the right or the left, thereby introducing temporary asymmetries on the convecting styles. Further time-dependent regimes with stagnant and plate-like lids are found and described.
The transverse field Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Wheatley V. , Samtaney R. , Pullin D. I. , Gehre R. M.
Published: January 2014

The magnetohydrodynamic Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is investigated for the case where the initial magnetic field is unperturbed and aligned with the mean interface location. For this initial condition, the magnetic field lines penetrate the perturbed density interface, forbidding a tangential velocity jump and therefore the presence of a vortex sheet. Through simulation, we find that the vorticity distribution present on the interface immediately after the shock acceleration breaks up into waves traveling parallel and anti-parallel to the magnetic field, which transport the vorticity. The interference of these waves as they propagate causes the perturbation amplitude of the interface to oscillate in time. This interface behavior is accurately predicted over a broad range of parameters by an incompressible linearized model derived presently by solving the corresponding impulse driven, linearized initial value problem. Our use of an equilibrium initial condition results in interface motion produced solely by the impulsive acceleration. Nonlinear compressible simulations are used to investigate the behavior of the transverse field magnetohydrodynamic Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, and the performance of the incompressible model, over a range of shock strengths, magnetic field strengths, perturbation amplitudes and Atwood numbers.
Ongoing characterization of the forced electron beam induced arc discharge ion source for the selective production of exotic species facility
Authors: Manzolaro M. , Andrighetto A. , Meneghetti G. , Monetti A. , Scarpa D. , Rossignoli M. , Vasquez J. , Corradetti S. , Calderolla M. , Prete G.
Published: January 2014

An intense research and development activity to finalize the design of the target ion source system for the selective production of exotic species (SPES) facility (operating according to the isotope separation on line technique) is at present ongoing at Legnaro National Laboratories. In particular, the characterization of ion sources in terms of ionization efficiency and transversal emittance is currently in progress, and a preliminary set of data is already available. In this work, the off-line ionization efficiency and emittance measurements for the SPES forced electron beam induced arc discharge ion source in the case of a stable Ar beam are presented in detail.
A transverse emittance and acceptance measurement system in a low-energy beam transport line
Authors: Kashiwagi H. , Miyawaki N. , Kurashima S. , Okumura S.
Published: January 2014

A transverse beam emittance and acceptance measurement system has been developed to visualize the relationship between the injected beam emittance and the acceptance of a cyclotron. The system is composed of a steering magnet, two pairs of slits to limit the horizontal and vertical phase-space, a beam intensity detector just behind the slits for the emittance measurement, and a beam intensity detector in the cyclotron for the acceptance measurement. The emittance is obtained by scanning the slits and measuring the beam intensity distribution. The acceptance is obtained by measuring the distribution of relative beam transmission by injecting small emittance beams at various positions in a transverse phase-space using the slits. In the acceptance measurement, the beam from an ion source is deflected to the defined region by the slits using the steering magnet so that measurable acceptance area covers a region outside the injection beam emittance. Measurement tests were carried out under the condition of accelerating a beam of 16O6+ from 50.2 keV to 160 MeV. The emittance of the injected beam and the acceptance for accelerating and transporting the beam to the entrance of the extraction deflector were successfully measured. The relationship between the emittance and acceptance is visualized by displaying the results in the same phase-plane.
Multiscale analysis of fluxes at the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in high Reynolds number boundary layers
Authors: Philip Jimmy , Meneveau Charles , de Silva Charitha M. , Marusic Ivan
Published: January 2014

Analysis of fluxes across the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) of turbulent boundary layers is performed using data from two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) obtained at high Reynolds numbers. The interface is identified with an iso-surface of kinetic energy, and the rate of change of total kinetic energy (K) inside a control volume with the TNTI as a bounding surface is investigated. Features of the growth of the turbulent region into the non-turbulent region by molecular diffusion of K, viscous nibbling, are examined in detail, focussing on correlations between interface orientation, viscous stress tensor elements, and local fluid velocity. At the level of the ensemble (Reynolds) averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), the total kinetic energy K is shown to evolve predominantly due to the turbulent advective fluxes occurring through an average surface which differs considerably from the local, corrugated, sharp interface. The analysis is generalized to a hierarchy of length-scales by spatial filtering of the data as used commonly in Large-Eddy-Simulation (LES) analysis. For the same overall entrainment rate of total kinetic energy, the theoretical analysis shows that the sum of resolved viscous and subgrid-scale advective flux must be independent of scale. Within the experimental limitations of the PIV data, the results agree with these trends, namely that as the filter scale increases, the viscous resolved fluxes decrease while the subgrid-scale advective fluxes increase and tend towards the RANS values at large filter sizes. However, a definitive conclusion can only be made with fully resolved three-dimensional data, over and beyond the large dynamic spatial range presented here. The qualitative trends from the measurement results provide evidence that large-scale transport due to the energy-containing eddies determines the overall rate of entrainment, while viscous effects at the smallest scales provide the physical mechanism ultimately responsible for entrainment. Data spanning over a decade in Reynolds number suggest that the fluxes (or the entrainment velocity) scale with the friction velocity (or equivalently the local turbulent fluctuating velocity), whereas Taylor microscale and boundary-layer thickness are the appropriate length scales at small and large filter sizes, respectively.
Helicity transfer in rotary evaporator flow
Authors: Hamba Fujihiro , Niimura Kazuhiro , Kitagawa Yuichi , Ishii Kazuyuki
Published: January 2014

Mechanical rotation of a magnetic stirrer or a rotary evaporator can induce an enantiomeric excess of supramolecular species. In this study, we investigate the effect of fluid motion in a rotary evaporator on chiral supramolecular species. It is shown theoretically that the twisting effect of fluid motion on cylindrical particles is expressed in terms of helicity dissipation rate. Helicity dissipation can be interpreted as the helicity transfer from helical fluid motion to chiral supramolecular structures. A numerical simulation of flow in a rotary evaporator was carried out to evaluate the helicity and its dissipation rate. The volume integral of the helicity dissipation in the computational domain showed a positive value; its sign agrees with experiment in which the right-handed helical structures of J-aggregates were induced by the counter-clockwise rotation of a rotary evaporator. Furthermore, terms in the transport equation for the helicity were evaluated for investigating the helicity behavior.
Analyzing Crime Displacement with a Simulation Approach
Authors: Wang Ninghua , Liu Lin , Eck John E
Published: January 2014

Crime tends to cluster in small areas. Police have taken advantage of this by identifying these ‘hotspots' of crime and concentrating their resources in these locations. This practice has shown evidence of reducing crime in the hotspot area. While it is possible that the benefits of such reduction might be diffused to the surrounding areas, one criticism of this practice is that the crime in the hotspot may also be displaced to the surrounding areas. A number of empirical studies have investigated the spatial pattern of crime displacement. However, few have attempted to uncover the mechanisms that lead to the displacement of crime. In this paper we present a theory-driven approach that applies agent-based modeling to simulate the mechanism of crime and policing. The processes that drive possible displacement of crime are investigated through experiments in a computational laboratory—SPACES. Our results reveal that crime cannot be displaced easily because opportunities for crime are limited in low-crime areas and offenders are often attached to the area where they perform their routine activities.
Efficiency of delayed reproduction in Mus spicilegus
Authors: Lafaille Marie , Gouat Patrick , Féron Christophe
Published: January 2014

To cope with seasonally varying ecological constraints, some mammals temporally suppress breeding or delay their first reproduction. In field conditions, mound-building mice (Mus spicilegus) born in spring begin to reproduce when 2–3 months old, whereas individuals born at the end of summer delay their first reproduction for 6–8 months until the following spring. In order to test age effects on reproductive performance in M. spicilegus, sexually naïve mice were paired when 2–3 months old or at 6–8 months of age, and surveyed for reproduction. We show here that under laboratory conditions the aging of these mice does not impair their reproductive efficiency. Thus, the hypothesis of a lower reproductive potential in these relatively aged females seems to be contradicted. More surprisingly, the latency from pairing to the first reproduction was greater in the 2–3-month-old adults than in the delayed reproducers (6–8-month-old mice). Mound-building mice that are old enough to have overwintered do not suffer significant reproductive declines, but appear to reproduce as well and more quickly than younger first-time breeders.
Convergence and divergence in the acquisition of French liaison by native and non-native speakers
Authors: Wauquier Sophie , Shoemaker Ellenor M.
Published: January 2014

This article presents an overview of empirical findings to date concerning the acquisition of liaison in French as a first and second language (L1 and L2, respectively). We present data culled from production studies as well as from psycholinguistic experimentation involving various paradigms. Our aim is to highlight both the similarities and differences in the learning strategies and developmental paths followed by these two groups of learners, including particular examination of how representations of liaison in a learner’s phonological grammar may develop and change throughout the course of development. We conclude with a discussion of areas where existing data are lacking and potential avenues for future research.
Exploring the upper limits of the Aspect Hypothesis
Authors: Vraciu Alexandra
Published: January 2014

This paper explores coalitions between tense-aspect morphology and the aspectual class of predicates in second language acquisition (the Aspect Hypothesis) on the basis of 36 oral narratives elicited with a picture book from French L1 adult learners of English. The observed distributional patterns are analysed in relation to the prototypical inflection/predicate coalitions observed both at early stages of L2 development and in English L1. While advanced learners are expected to make a productive use of tense-aspect morphology within all predicate classes, our data indicate that the prototypical coalition between the progressive form and activity predicates remains strong until very proficient stages of English L2, when the distribution of verb morphology within this class eventually becomes more flexible and activities as a class are predominantly encoded in the non-progressive present or past form. Non-grammaticalisation of the progressive in the learners’ L1 may interfere with the predictions of the Aspect Hypothesis for this form in English L2.
Negative Concord in English
Authors: Blanchette Frances
Published: January 2014

This paper argues that Negative Concord is generated by the grammars of all English varieties, but just not “realized” in the standardized variety, in the sense of Barbiers (2005, 2009). I show that Double Negation constructions, wherein two negative elements yield a doubly negated meaning, are formed identically by English varieties that realize Negative Concord and those that do not. Unlike previous Minimalist Agree approaches to English Negative Concord, this proposal accounts for the fact that English varieties generate both Double Negation and Negative Concord constructions. This paper employs Tortora’s (2009, in press) mechanism of feature spreading, and López’s (2009) derivational assignment of the pragmatic feature [contrast], to successfully capture the facts of Negative Concord and Double Negation in English. In so doing, it contributes insight into the representation of sentential negation, and supports the Barbiersian notion that not all grammatical structures are realized in a given variety.
New arguments for verb cluster formation at PF and a right-branching VP
Authors: Salzmann Martin
Published: January 2014

This paper provides new evidence that verb cluster formation in West Germanic takes place post-syntactically. Contrary to some previous accounts, I argue that cluster formation involves linearly adjacent morphosyntactic words and not syntactic sister nodes. The empirical evidence is drawn from Swiss German verb doubling constructions where intriguing asymmetries arise between ascending and descending orders. The approach additionally solves the cluster puzzle with extraposition and topicalization, generates all of the crosslinguistically attested six orders in the verbal complex and correctly predicts which orders are penetrable in which positions. On a more general level, the paper provides arguments for a derivational treatment of verb cluster formation and order variation and adduces important evidence in favor of a right-branching VP.
The notion of inflection and the expression of nominal gender in Spanish
Authors: Mel’čuk Igor
Published: January 2014

The paper discusses the morphological status and the function of Spanish nominal endings -o and -a (ciel+o ‘sky’ vs. caj+a ‘box’); it is shown that both endings, plus the endings -e and -Ø, are inflectional suffixes that mark, however, not the values of an inflectional category (like nominal number or verbal tense), but the values of a feature of the syntactics of the noun — the nominal gender. The ‘nominal gender’ is defined as a cluster concept based on eight properties; it is a particular case of ‘agreement class’ opposed to ‘noun class.’ Some particularities of Spanish nominal gender are examined: its interaction with diminutive suffixes, gender conversion, and its “non-prototypical” character (a parallel is drawn between Spanish nominal genders and noun classes in Fula).
Medical interventions in the management of hamstring muscle injury
Authors: Robinson Matthew , Hamilton Bruce
Published: January 2014

Acute muscle belly injuries to the semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris (the ‘hamstring’ muscles) remain a common problem in the sporting population. Physiotherapy‐led rehabilitation remains the mainstay of treatment, and the physician's input is often minimal. Anecdotally, many different topical, oral and injectable therapies are used around the world in an effort to accelerate the healing of these injuries and to prevent their recurrence. This article reviews the evidence available to support some of the most commonly used medical therapies and the pathophysiological basis for their use. It also presents the evidence behind some of the more promising future treatments for muscle injury, including stem cell therapy, growth factor delivery and potential novel uses of current medication not traditionally used in the musculoskeletal setting.
Bisulfighter: accurate detection of methylated cytosines and differentially methylated regions
Authors: Saito Yutaka , Tsuji Junko , Mituyama Toutai
Published: January 2014

Analysis of bisulfite sequencing data usually requires two tasks: to call methylated cytosines (mCs) in a sample, and to detect differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between paired samples. Although numerous tools have been proposed for mC calling, methods for DMR detection have been largely limited. Here, we present Bisulfighter, a new software package for detecting mCs and DMRs from bisulfite sequencing data. Bisulfighter combines the LAST alignment tool for mC calling, and a novel framework for DMR detection based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). Unlike previous attempts that depend on empirical parameters, Bisulfighter can use the expectation-maximization algorithm for HMMs to adjust parameters for each data set. We conduct extensive experiments in which accuracy of mC calling and DMR detection is evaluated on simulated data with various mC contexts, read qualities, sequencing depths and DMR lengths, as well as on real data from a wide range of biological processes. We demonstrate that Bisulfighter consistently achieves better accuracy than other published tools, providing greater sensitivity for mCs with fewer false positives, more precise estimates of mC levels, more exact locations of DMRs and better agreement of DMRs with gene expression and DNase I hypersensitivity. The source code is available at http://epigenome.cbrc.jp/bisulfighter.
Genome-wide quantification of homeolog expression ratio revealed nonstochastic gene regulation in synthetic allopolyploid Arabidopsis
Authors: Akama Satoru , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Sese Jun
Published: January 2014

Genome duplication with hybridization, or allopolyploidization, occurs commonly in plants, and is considered to be a strong force for generating new species. However, genome-wide quantification of homeolog expression ratios was technically hindered because of the high homology between homeologous gene pairs. To quantify the homeolog expression ratio using RNA-seq obtained from polyploids, a new method named HomeoRoq was developed, in which the genomic origin of sequencing reads was estimated using mismatches between the read and each parental genome. To verify this method, we first assembled the two diploid parental genomes of Arabidopsis halleri subsp. gemmifera and Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. petraea (Arabidopsis petraea subsp. umbrosa), then generated a synthetic allotetraploid, mimicking the natural allopolyploid Arabidopsis kamchatica. The quantified ratios corresponded well to those obtained by Pyrosequencing. We found that the ratios of homeologs before and after cold stress treatment were highly correlated (r = 0.870). This highlights the presence of nonstochastic polyploid gene regulation despite previous research identifying stochastic variation in expression. Moreover, our new statistical test incorporating overdispersion identified 226 homeologs (1.11% of 20 369 expressed homeologs) with significant ratio changes, many of which were related to stress responses. HomeoRoq would contribute to the study of the genes responsible for polyploid-specific environmental responses.