bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Mediations, Affordances and Social Capital
Authors: Prieto-Blanco Patricia
Published: November 2020

Spatial dislocation of migrants is a catalyst for early, heavy and informed media use (Ponzanesi & Leurs 2014); as well as a motif for transnational families to form families of choice (Beck-Gernsheim 1998; Weston 1997). This text reports on how Irish-Spanish families living in Ireland manage this situation. It argues that (digital) photographic exchanges give rise to mediated third places (Oldenburg, 1989), where (dis)affect and belonging are negotiated. Transnational families visually mediate their domestic spaces regularly. The double visual mediation of presence and space forms part of their everyday. This, in turn, outlines current developments in how (digital) photography is used to mediate actions and emotions. In accounting for and reflecting about how (dis)affective communities of place activate affordances of media, photography emerges as a multi-dimensional site of image production, distribution and storage, in short, as a practice that is both unique to the socio-cultural moment in which it is embedded, and general enough to be recognized as such across cultures and societies.

Keywords: diaspora, experience of place, new media, photography, visual mediation
Распространенность и причины стоматофобии у детей
Authors: Ортикова Наргиза , Ризаев Жасур , Норбутаев Алишер
Published: November 2020

В современном обществе страх перед посещением стоматолога испытывает почти треть всего населения. В данной статье речь пойдет о детском страхе. На различных этапах своего развития ребёнок испытывает разны страхи. Наиболее «легкий» способ справиться со страхами и беспокойством, выбираемый ребёнком, стремление избежать источника страха. В данной статье обработаны и проанализированы данные по обращаемости детей в детскую стоматологическую поликлинику с разными степенями страха перед посещением стоматолога, освещены основные причины появления страха, пути его преодоления.
Caracterización morfológica de aislados de Colletotrichum asociados a antracnosis en cítricos en Tuxpan Veracruz
Authors: Allende-Molar Raúl , Alarcón-Pulido Sara Aída , Hernández-Sánchez María de la Luz , González-Cárdenas Julio César , Elorza Martínez Pablo
Published: November 2020

El objetivo  de este  trabajo  fue  aislar  y caracterizar morfológicamente  aislados  de  Colletotrichum responsables de antracnosis en cítricos en Tuxpan Ver. Se utilizaron muestras de tejidos vegetales con síntomas de antracnosis  para obtener aislados de Colletotrichum, una vez obtenidos se codificaron y se hicieron bioensayos arreglados en un diseño completamente al azar con 6 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones para observar el desarrollo de cada aislado. Cada uno de los aislados obtenidos fue considerado como un tratamiento   Las variables analizadas fueron tasa de crecimiento, caracterización de colonias y de apresorios. Los resultados mostraron que existieron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos: en cuanto a su crecimiento el aislado UVA1 fue el que mostró la menor tasa de crecimiento de 6.5 mm por día, su desarrollo de micelio fue blanco casi transparente sin presencia de masas conidiales y en los otros aislados el crecimientos casi siempre fue similar con rangos de la tasa de crecimiento por día entre 8.1 a 9.0 mm por día; en cuanto a la caracterización de colonias fueron casi similares ya que el micelio en la myoría fue abundante con masa conidiales de color salmón y masas de esclerocios de color negro. La formación de apresorios ocurrió entre 24 y 72 h.
Effective Organizational Communication: a Key to Employee Motivation and Performance
Authors: Rajhans Kirti
Published: November 2020

Organisational Communication, in today’s organizations has not only become far more complex and varied but has become an important factor for overall organizational functioning and success. The way the organization communicates with its employees is reflected in morale, motivation and performance of the employees. The objective of the present paper is to explore the interrelationship between communication and motivation and its overall impact on employee performance. The paper focuses on the fact that communication in the workplace can take many forms and has a lasting effect on employee motivation. If employees feel that communication from management is effective, it can lead to feelings of job satisfaction, commitment to the organisation and increased trust in the workplace. This study was conducted through a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the research and literature focused upon the objectives of the paper. It also enumerates the results of a study of organizational communication and motivational practices followed at a large manufacturing company, Vanaz Engineers Ltd., based at Pune, to support the hypothesis propounded in the paper.
Adequacy of Food Aid Packs Provided during Natural Disasters: A Provincial Case Study
Authors: Gomez Katrina G. , Ignacio Ma. Socorro E.
Published: November 2020

Background. Due to the devolved nature of Philippine local governance, disaster management systems such asrelief work and food aid pipelines, have been managed by local government units during natural disasters.

Objectives. This study assessed the nutrient adequacy of food aid packs provided during natural disasters inthe province of Albay. Specific objectives included assessment of the types of food and food sources, as wellas the practices in the food aid pipeline, and assessment of the nutritional quality of food aid packs throughcomparison with the recommended energy/nutrient intake (REI/RNI) for Filipinos.

Methods. Key informant interviews were conducted to gather information on food sources and pipelines.Information on the quantities of food components in food aid packs distributed was also collected, and the freeiFRNI software used to derive nutrient content. These quantities compared with the REI/RNI for the generalpopulation. Descriptive statistics on Microsoft Excel were used to calculate the mean, median and mode formacronutrients as well as Vitamin A and iron to determine the overall intake of individuals relying on these foods.Ethical clearance was secured from the University of the Philippines REB.

Results. Analysis of the food components showed that the food aid packs were insufficient to meet the REI/RNI for the general population, particularly for food packs distributed on the barangay and city/municipal levels.Food was sourced from local suppliers as an emergency purchase during the forecast of a disaster, in place of theprescribed practice of stockpiling. Procured food would then be repacked and distributed on the provincial, city/municipal and barangay levels in a staggered schedule depending upon the length of the disaster or evacuation.

Conclusion. The food packs distributed by the barangay and city/municipal sub-units of the provincialgovernment of Albay are insufficient to meet the daily caloric and micronutrient needs of a general populationpurely reliant on food aid after a natural disaster.
Management of Minor Ailments by Community Pharmacists in Cebu, Philippines – An Exploratory Study
Authors: See Gerard Lee L. , Arce, Jr Florencio V.
Published: November 2020

Background. Community pharmacists play a central role in the management of minor ailments and their clinicalknowledge is vital in improving treatment outcomes of these ailments. The provision of minor ailment servicein developed countries has been successful yet the practice in the Philippines has not been documented.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to document the involvement of community pharmacists in the managementof minor ailments, the practices, and the perceived challenges in the provision of pharmacy service.

Methods. This was an exploratory descriptive study. Using qualitative research technique, a guided interviewquestionnaire was employed for data gathering. The practices employed and perceived challenges encounteredby pharmacists were interpreted using conventional content analysis.

Results. Colds, cough, skin allergy, diarrhea were the four most common ailments managed by communitypharmacists. Pharmacists had underdeveloped roles in consultation. Community pharmacists were knowledgeableon the causes of the minor ailments and the medications dispensed were compliant with approved productindications. The absence of institutional guidelines (66%), lack of ailment-specific training (100%), insufficientclinical skills (76.7%), and a dominant patient self-selection behavior for OTC medicines (73.3%) were perceived aschallenges in the provision of minor ailment services.

Conclusion. Community pharmacists managed common ailments with non-prescription medicines howeverconsultation roles were found to be underdeveloped.
TRƯỜNG HỢP BỆNH NHÂN HO RA MÁU NẶNG, HIẾM GẶP ĐƯỢC CỨU SỐNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỔI TRUNG ƯƠNG
Authors: Luong Dinh Van , Tuan Dinh Van , Duc Dang Duy , Vinh Nguyen Le , Long Nguyen Thanh , Nghia Nguyen Viet
Published: November 2020

Ho ra máu là máu khạc ra từ dưới thanh môn trở xuống, một triệu chứng thường gặp nhưng có rất nhiều nguyên nhân. Ho ra máu nặng được định nghĩa là khi lượng máu ho ra từ > 100 đến > 600 ml trong 24 giờ. Ho ra máu nặng thường là dấu hiệu của một bệnh nặng và có thể gây tử vong do ngạt và tắc nghẽn đường thở. Ho ra máu nặng chiếm khoảng 5% các trường hợp ho ra máu và tỷ lệ tử vong lên tới 80%. 

Tại Bệnh viện Phổi trung ương đã điều trị nhiều trường hợp ho ra máu nặng bằng phẫu thuật cùng với sự phối hợp của nhiều chuyên khoa khác nhau (Hồi sức tích cực, các phương pháp điều trị nội khoa mới nhất, nút mạch, nội soi can thiệp, …), đã cứu chữa thành công rất nhiều bệnh nhân ho ra máu nặng với nhiều nguyên nhân khác nhau như do di chứng lao phổi, u nấm phổi, giãn phế quản, ung thư phế quản, nhồi máu phổi, các dị tật bẩm sinh phổi, …).

Tháng 02/2018 vừa qua, Bệnh viện tiếp nhận một trường hợp ho ra máu nặng có nguy cơ tử vong rất cao. Bệnh nhân được cứu chữa thành công nhờ sự chỉ đạo trực tiếp của Giám Đốc Bệnh viện, sự phối hợp tích cực của nhiều chuyên Khoa, kíp phẫu thuật và việc ứng dụng các kỹ thuật, công nghệ cao trong chẩn đoán, điều trị. Mặc dù tại bệnh viện chuyên khoa đầu ngành về hô hấp, ho ra máu nặng không quá hiếm song trường hợp này lại có rất đặc biệt.
Beginning Modern Dance
Authors: Giguere Miriam
Published: November 2020

Beginning Modern Dance introduces undergraduate and high school students to modern dance as a performing art through participation, appreciation, and academic study in the dance technique course.

In the book, 50 photos with concise descriptions support students in learning beginning modern dance technique and in creating short choreographic or improvisational studies. For those new to modern dance, the book provides a friendly orientation on the structure of a modern dance technique class and includes information regarding class expectations, etiquette, and appropriate attire. Students also learn how to prepare mentally and physically for class, maintain proper nutrition and hydration, and avoid injury.

Beginning Modern Dance supports students in understanding modern dance as a performing art and as a medium for artistic expression. The text presents the styles of modern dance artists Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey and José Limón, Katherine Dunham, Lester Horton, and Merce Cunningham along with an introduction to eclectic modern dance style. Chapters help students begin to identify elements of modern dance as they learn, view, and respond to dance choreography and performance.

Through modern dance, students learn new movement vocabularies and explore their unique and personal artistry in response to their world. Beginning Modern Dance supports your students in their experience of this unique and dynamic genre of dance.

Beginning Modern Dance is a part of Human Kinetics’ Interactive Dance Series. The series supports introductory dance technique courses taught through dance, physical education, and fine arts departments. The Interactive Dance Series offers students a guide to learning, performing, and viewing dance.
Where there is smoke there is mercury: Assessing boreal forest fire
mercury emissions using aircraft and highlighting uncertainties
associated with upscaling emissions estimates
Authors: McLagan David S. , Stupple Geoff W. , Darlington Andrea , Hayden Katherine , Steffen Alexandra
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) emitted from biomass burning is an important source of the contaminant to the atmosphere and an integral component of the global Hg biogeochemical cycle. In 2018, measurements of gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) were taken on-board a research aircraft along with a series of co-emitted contaminants in the emissions plume of an 88 km2 boreal forest wildfire on the Garson Lake Plain (GLP) in NW Saskatchewan, Canada. A series of four flight tracks were made perpendicular to the emissions plume at increasing distances from the fire each with 3–5 passes at different altitudes at each downwind location. The maximum GEM concentration measured on the flight was 2.88 ng m−3, which represents a ≈2.4x increase in concentration above background. GEM concentrations were significantly correlated with the co-emitted carbon species (CO, CO2, and CH4). Emissions ratios (ERs) were calculated from measured GEM and carbon co-contaminants data. Using the least uncertain of these ratios (GEM : CO), GEM concentrations were estimated at the higher 0.5 Hz time resolution of the CO measurements resulting in maximum GEM concentrations and enhancements of 6.75 ng m−3 and ≈5.6x, respectively. Extrapolating the estimated maximum 0.5 Hz GEM concentration data from each downwind location back to source, 1 km and 1 m (from fire) concentrations were predicted to be 12.9 and 29.9 ng m−3, or enhancements of ≈11x and ≈25x, respectively. ERs and emissions factors (EFs) derived from the measured data and literature values were also used to calculate Hg emissions estimates on three spatial scales: (i) the GLP fires themselves, (ii) all boreal forest biomass burning, and (iii) global biomass burning. The most robust estimate was of the GLP fires (21 ± 10 kg of Hg) using calculated EFs that used minimal literature derived data. Using a Top-down Emission Rate Retrieval Algorithm (TERRA) we were able to determine a similar emission estimate of 22 ± 7 kg of Hg. The elevated uncertainties of the other estimates and high variability between the different methods used in the calculations highlight concerns with some of the assumptions that have been used in calculating Hg biomass burning in the literature. Among these problematic assumptions are variable ERs of contaminants based on vegetation type and fire intensity, differing atmospheric lifetimes of emitted contaminants, the use of only one co-contaminant in emissions estimate calculations, and the paucity of atmospheric Hg species concentration measurements in biomass burning plumes.
Technical Note: Uncovering the influence of methodological
variations on the extractability of iron bound organic carbon
Authors: Fisher Ben J. , Faust Johan C. , Moore Oliver W. , Peacock Caroline L. , März Christian
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Association of organic carbon (OC) with reactive iron (FeR) represents an important mechanism by which OC is protected against remineralisation in soils and marine sediments. Recent studies indicate that the molecular structure of organic compounds and/or the identity of associated FeR phases exerts a control on the ability of an OC-FeR complex to be extracted by the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) method. While many variations of this method exist in the literature, these are often uncalibrated to each other, rendering comparisons of OC-FeR values extracted by different method iterations impossible. Here, we created a synthetic ferrihdyrite sample coprecipitated with simple organic structures and subjected these to modifications of the most common CBD method. Method parameters (reagent concentration, time of the extraction and sample preparation methods) were altered and FeR recovery measured to determine which (if any) modifications resulted in the greatest release of FeR from the sediment sample. We provide an assessment of the reducing capacity of Na dithionite in the CBD method and find that the concentration of dithionite deployed can limit OC-FeR extractability for sediments with a high FeR content. Additionally, we show that extending the length of any CBD extraction offers no benefit in removing FeR. Finally, we demonstrate that for synthetic OC-FeR samples, the almost universal technique of freeze drying samples can significantly reduce OC-FeR extractability and we offer insight into how this may translate to environmental samples using Arctic Ocean sediments. These results provide a valuable perspective on how the efficiency of this extraction could be improved to provide a more accurate assessment of sediment OC-FeR content. Accurate determinations of OC-FeR in sediments and soils represents an important step in improving our understanding of, and ability to model, the global carbon cycle.
Lossy Checkpoint Compression in Full Waveform Inversion
Authors: Kukreja Navjot , Hückelheim Jan , Louboutin Mathias , Washbourne John , Kelly Paul H. J. , Gorman Gerard J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This paper proposes a new method that combines check- pointing methods with error-controlled lossy compression for large-scale high-performance Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI), an inverse problem commonly used in geophysical exploration. This combination can signif- icantly reduce data movement, allowing a reduction in run time as well as peak memory. In the Exascale computing era, frequent data transfer (e.g., memory bandwidth, PCIe bandwidth for GPUs, or network) is the performance bottleneck rather than the peak FLOPS of the processing unit. Like many other adjoint-based optimization problems, FWI is costly in terms of the number of floating-point operations, large memory foot- print during backpropagation, and data transfer overheads. Past work for adjoint methods has developed checkpointing methods that reduce the peak memory requirements during backpropagation at the cost of additional floating-point computations. Combining this traditional checkpointing with error-controlled lossy compression, we explore the three-way tradeoff between memory, precision, and time to solution. We investigate how approximation errors introduced by lossy compression of the forward solution impact the objective function gradient and final inverted solution. Empirical results from these numerical experiments indicate that high lossy-compression rates (compression factors ranging up to 100) have a relatively minor impact on convergence rates and the quality of the final solution.
POLSAR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION USING DIFFERENT CODIFICATIONS BASED ON FISHER VECTORS
Authors: Redolfi J. A. , Araguás R. G. , Flesia A. G.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A PolSAR is an active sensing device capable of providing images that are robust against variations of weather and atmosphere conditions, irrespective of the time of the day they were acquired. For an efficient use of these images it is necessary to have algorithms capable of classifying these images to generate maps with their content automatically. This paper presents the extension of a PolSAR image classification method based on exponential Fisher Vectors, a Potts smoothing model and different similarity measures. With the proposed extension, improvements in classification with respect to the base method are achieved. Future work consists in extending the codification so as not to have to discard the imaginary part of the data.
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM DRIVES DISAGREEMENT AMONG BRAZILIAN VEGETATION MAPS AT A SAMPLE AREA OF THE SEMIARID CAATINGA
Authors: Bontempo E. , Demirel M. C. , Corsini C. , Martins F. , Valeriano D.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The mapping of vegetation and Land Cover (LC) is important for research and for public policy planning but, in Brazil, although diverse maps exist there are few studies comparing them. The semiarid region of the Caatinga, in northeastern Brazil is an area long neglected by scientific research and its vegetation is diverse and relatively rich despite years of human occupation and very little preservation effort. In this study we make a comparison between the main maps made for the Caatinga from four different sources: IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), TCN (Third National Communication), ProBio (Project for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Biodiversity) and MapBiomas. We also test these maps against well-known Land Cover maps from ESA and NASA: ESA’s GlobCover and Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Land Cover, and NASA’s MODIS MCD12Q1. This was done on a sample area where many of the Caatinga’s vegetation physiognomies can be found, using well-established Difference metrics and the new SPAtial EFficiency (SPAEF) algorithm as they present complementary viewpoints to test the correspondence of mapped classes as well as that of their spatial patterns. Our results show considerable disagreement between the maps tested and their class semantics, with IBGE’s and ProBio’s being the most similar among all national maps and MapBiomas’ the most closely related to global LC maps. The nature of the observed disagreement between these maps shows they diverge not only in the application of their classification systems, but also in their mapped spatial pattern, signaling the need for a better classification system and a better map of vegetation and land cover for the region.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS FOR AUTOMATIC TIDAL INLETS MAPPING USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE
Authors: Sartori J. A. , Sbruzzi J. B. , Fonseca E. L.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This work aims to define the basic parameters for the automatic mapping of the channel between the Lagoa do Peixe and the Atlantic Ocean, which is located in the municipalities of Tavares and Mostardas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The automatic mapping is based on an unsupervised classification of Landsat 8 satellite images at the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. The images used were selected to present both channel situations (opened and closed). Three images were selected with acquisition dates that presented the open channel and three that presented the closed channel. Each image was classified using the K-means clustering method, using separately band 6, band 7 (both located at shortwave infrared - SWIR) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Once the number of clusters must be defined a priori by the analyst, as well as the training sample area, these parameters were tested over the dataset and clustering results were compared. All of the generated clusters maps were analyzed over 10 random points, identifying the clustering hits and errors. Due to the absence of reference maps, all the final clustering maps for each date were compared with the composite true color image from the same acquisition date. The NDWI cluster maps showed the best results in separating water and non-water pixels.
ACQUIRING AND EXTRACTION OF INFORMATION COLLECTED BY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES AND OMNIDIRECTIONAL CAMERAS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS THROUGH MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
Authors: Abreu M. d.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The growth of technology for aerial and land mapping, as well as information management, has made great progress over the past decade. When we talk about public administration, we envision a sector lacking the use of these new features, as it has been using old models of data acquisition and information management, however slowly opening their eyes to this inevitable advance.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), 360° mapping and Management Software, integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS), are the latest trend in city management. These features offer quality, agility and reliability, generating an increase in the municipality's total revenue, along with reducing costs throughout the registration and control process.The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the methodologies applied in the phases of air and ground data acquisition, their processing and generated products, the collection of information from city halls and the import of existing data into Tecsystem's management software, as well as the different applications of the information in various secretariats of the public municipal administration.
MAPPING EXTENSION AND MAGNITUDE OF CHANGES INDUCED BY CYCLONE IDAI WITH MULTI-TEMPORAL LANDSAT AND SAR IMAGES
Authors: Amisse C. , Jijon-Palma M. E. , Centeno J. A. S.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In this paper it is described a study case of a rapid assessment of change detections for post-cyclone Idai vegetated damage and flood extension estimation by fusion of multi-temporal Landsat and sentinel-1 SAR images. For automated change detection, after disasters, many algorithms have been proposed. To visualize the changes induced by cyclone we tested and compared two automated change detection techniques namely: Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and image segmentation. With the image segmentation of multispectral and SAR images, it was possible to visualize the extension of the wet area. For this specific application, PCA was identified as the optimal change detection indicator than NDVI. This study suggested that image segmentation, principal components analysis, and normalized difference vegetation index can be used for change detection of surface water due to flood and disasters especially in prone countries like Mozambique.
The firn meltwater Retention Model Intercomparison Project (RetMIP): evaluation of nine firn models at four weather station sites on the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Vandecrux Baptiste , Mottram Ruth , Langen Peter L. , Fausto Robert S. , Olesen Martin , Stevens C. Max , Verjans Vincent , Leeson Amber , Ligtenberg Stefan , Kuipers Munneke Peter , Marchenko Sergey , van Pelt Ward , Meyer Colin R. , Simonsen Sebastian B. , Heilig Achim , Samimi Samira , Marshall Shawn , Machguth Horst , MacFerrin Michael , Niwano Masashi , Miller Olivia , Voss Clifford I. , Box Jason E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Perennial snow, or firn, covers 80 % of the Greenland ice sheet
and has the capacity to retain surface meltwater, influencing the ice sheet
mass balance and contribution to sea-level rise. Multilayer firn models are
traditionally used to simulate firn processes and estimate meltwater
retention. We present, intercompare and evaluate outputs from nine firn
models at four sites that represent the ice sheet's dry snow, percolation,
ice slab and firn aquifer areas. The models are forced by mass and energy
fluxes derived from automatic weather stations and compared to firn density,
temperature and meltwater percolation depth observations. Models agree
relatively well at the dry-snow site while elsewhere their meltwater
infiltration schemes lead to marked differences in simulated firn
characteristics. Models accounting for deep meltwater percolation overestimate percolation depth and firn temperature at the percolation and
ice slab sites but accurately simulate recharge of the firn aquifer. Models
using Darcy's law and bucket schemes compare favorably to observed firn
temperature and meltwater percolation depth at the percolation site, but
only the Darcy models accurately simulate firn temperature and percolation
at the ice slab site. Despite good performance at certain locations, no
single model currently simulates meltwater infiltration adequately at all
sites. The model spread in estimated meltwater retention and runoff
increases with increasing meltwater input. The highest runoff was calculated
at the KAN_U site in 2012, when average total runoff across
models (±2σ) was 353±610 mm w.e. (water equivalent), about 27±48 % of the surface meltwater input. We identify potential causes for the
model spread and the mismatch with observations and provide recommendations
for future model development and firn investigation.
Ethnic (pay) disparities in public sector leadership in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Came Heather , Badu Emmanuel , Ioane Julia , Manson Leanne , McCreanor Tim
Published: November 2020

New Zealand Governments have longstanding policy commitments to equal employment practices. Little attention has been paid to ethnic pay disparities in recent years. Informed by a series of official information act requests, we were interested to find out what extent, ethnic pay disparities existed within the core public sector and district health boards (DHBs).  We examined the population proportions of Māori, Pasifika and Other ethnicities earning over $NZ100,000 over five year intervals between 2001 to 2016, using linear regression analysis.   The analyses showed a statistically significant pattern of ethnic pay disparities across the public sector. There were fewer Māori and Pasifika staff employed in DHBs than their population proportion. The failure to promote Māori and Pasifika to the upper tiers of public sector is consistent with definitions of institutional racism. The authors call for more research to understand the dynamics of ethnic pay disparity and the drivers of this disparity.
Debatiendo la naturaleza de la sociedad civil: una aproximación desde la teoría de campos de Bourdieu
Authors: Sequeiros Bruna Costán , Puente Bienvenido Héctor
Published: November 2020

En el presente artículo abordamos la definición de un espacio útil para el estudio y el debate en torno a la sociedad civil. Para ello, planteamos las cuestiones que quedan abiertas en las teorías clásicas y proponemos como respuesta el uso de la teoría de campos de Pierre Bourdieu como medio de construir un entorno donde las distintas teorías puedan ser puestas en relación. Esta aproximación resulta útil porque sirve para unir muchas de las divergencias (como la diferencia entre macrosociológico y microsociológico), así como para poner en relación de un modo más nítido varios de los elementos que otras teorías habían manejado de manera ambigua.
Pymes que facilitan la conciliación corresponsable a los hombres
Authors: Abril Morales Paco , Monferrer Jordi M. , Jurado Guerrero Teresa , Botía-Morillas Carmen , Bogino-Larrambebere Victoria
Published: November 2020

La novedad de este trabajo reside en analizar cómo son las condiciones que favorecen una conciliación corresponsable de los hombres que son padres y cómo se explica que haya empresas españolas que están innovando en esa dirección. Se sigue la estrategia cualitativa en 11 pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes), principal tejido productivo en España. Se ha comparado la evolución de las empresas a lo largo del tiempo y también empresas similares del mismo sector económico. Esto nos ha permitido comprender los factores internos y externos más relevantes. Los resultados muestran que el liderazgo dialogante y transformador y la cultura organizativa marcada por el tándem compromiso-confianza son elementos clave para entender cómo se puede llegar a implementar políticas empresariales para la conciliación corresponsable.
Clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Hayashi Ryohei , Ueno Yoshitaka , Tanaka Shinji , Onishi Kana , Takasago Takeshi , Wakai Masaki , Naito Toshikatsu , Sasaki Kensuke , Doi Shigehiro , Masaki Takao , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: November 2020

Background/Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Some patients with this condition have been reported to present with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), a renal complication that can cause end-stage renal failure, but the frequency of this comorbidity has not been described. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of IgAN in patients with IBD.Methods: This study included 620 patients with IBD (338 with ulcerative colitis [UC] and 282 with Crohn’s disease [CD]) from the Hiroshima University Hospital outpatient department. IgAN cases were identified from medical interviews, blood examinations (serum immunoglobulin A), and urinalyses (occult blood, proteinuria). Definitive IgAN cases were diagnosed by renal biopsies, while those detected through the clinical course and test results, but not clinically recommended for renal biopsy, were defined as suspected IgAN.Results: We analyzed 427 cases meeting the inclusion criteria (220 with UC and 207 with CD). The incidence of IgAN across all patients with IBD was 3.0%. The frequency of IgAN was significantly higher in patients with CD (11/207, 5.3%) than in those with UC (2/220, 0.9%) (P< 0.01). Moreover, a significant correlation was found between CD patients with ileostomy or colostomy and a diagnosis of IgAN.Conclusions: Patients with IBD present a high incidence of IgAN, especially those with CD who have undergone ileostomy or colostomy.
The Promotion of Vietnam Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Nguyen My Linh Pham , Thi Thu Huong Nguyen , Ngoc Ha Nguyen , Minh Hanh Nguyen
Published: November 2020

Vietnam is getting deeper and wider in its intergation with international economy, especially after becoming official member of World Trade Organization. This affiliation has benefited Vietnamese enterprises in being treated fairly on worldwide playground. Recently, they have realized there are a lot of oppotunities foreign direct investment. They also cooperate in adjusting Vietnamese State’s conception of offshore funding. This article concentrates in analyzing the fact of foreign direct investment of Vietnamese businesses, points out its achievements, disadvantages and reasons for limits, thus, makes an offer for the promomtion of Vietnamese enterprises to invest abroad directly in the context of world economic integration.
Phenomenological technique for prediction
of cavitation erosion performance
Authors: Gireń B.G. , Welzant A. , Baran P.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Major aim of the work was to formulate 2-parameters models of the cavitation
erosion process and to bring about the particular methods for prediction of its performance
with due calculation formulas.
Design/methodology/approach: Phenomenological model of the erosion supplemented
with functional relationships between calculation parameters and the strength parameters
stand for the foundations of the method. Having assumed the probabilistic nature of the
process and fatigue regime of the material destruction, the volume loss in time has been
determined as proportional to the integral of the appropriate probability function. Correlations
between parameters have been derived by adjusting the computed erosion curves to the
experimental ones for the vast diversity of the cases.
Findings: Two different formulas for the volume loss of the material in time under cavitation
loading have been derived.
Research limitations/implications: Results obtained from both the International
Cavitation Erosion Test program as well as the own experiments carried out at the rotating
disk set-up supplied necessary experimental data. Preliminary verification of the method
soundness was completed. Assumption on the independence of the calculation parameters
on the loading conditions have been taken. The approach is valid provided the defined
relationships are also independent on the type and amplitude of the loading.
Practical implications: Achieving the objectives is expected to result in developing a
technique for assessment of the material damage under cavitation loadings. Numerical
implementation of the model completed with the derived functional relationships stand for a tool,
enabling a prospective user to predict the material performance under defined cavitation loading.
Originality/value: New formulas for calculating the efficiency of cavitation erosion, inferred
from the models of high physical clarity are the original contribution to the methodology and
techniques concerned.
Design and testing 3D printed structures
for bone replacements
Authors: Ikonomov P.G. , Yahamed A. , Fleming P.D. , Pekarovicova A.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: 3D printing has shown enormous potential for building plastic products, including
bone, organs, and body parts. The technology has progressed from visualization and preoperation
training to the 3D printing of customized body parts and implants. This research
aims to create 3D printed bone structure from plastics and test the mechanical properties
of the cortical and trabecular bone structures if they match the real bone structure strength.
Design/methodology/approach: We used Digital Imaging, and Communications in
Medicine (DICOM) images from Computer Tomography (CT) scans to created external
bone structures. These images' resolution did not allow the creation of fine trabecular bone
structures, so we used 3D modeling software to engineer special 3D void honeycomb
structures (with triangular, square, and hexagonal shapes). Another reason to design
void structures is that the 3D printing of complex shapes without support materials is
problematic. After designing and 3D printing of the 3D bone structures, their mechanical
properties need to be tested.
Findings: 3D bone models, solid (cortical), and void (trabecular) bone structures were
designed, 3D printed, and then tested. Tensile, bending, and compression testing was
performed. Testing the mechanical properties of the honeycomb structures (triangular,
square, and hexagonal) shows that their strength and modulus are higher than those of the
real trabecular bones. The results show that 3D printed honeycomb structures mechanical
properties can match and some cases exceeding the properties of the actual bones
trabecular structures, while the sold structures have lower mechanical properties than the
bone cortical structures.
Research limitations/implications: During the 3D printing experiments, we found
that 3D printers, in general, have low resolution, not enough to print fine trabecular bone
structures. To solve the existing 3D printing technology's insufficient resolution, we later
designed and built an SLA (stereolithography) 3D printer with high printing resolution (10
micrometers). Another limitation we found is the lack of biocompatible materials for 3D
printing of bone structures. Future research work is in progress formulating superior ink/resin
for bone structures 3D printing. Further, clinical trials need to be performed to investigate 3D
printed parts’ influence on the healing of bone structures.
Practical implications: We found that the 3D void (honeycomb) structures will have an
impact not only on building bone structures but also in engineering special structures for
industrial applications that can reduce the weight, time, and the cost of the material, while
still keep sufficient mechanical properties.
Originality/value: Designing and testing 3D printed bone models, solid (cortical), and void
(trabecular) bone structures could replace bones. Design and test special void honeycomb
structures as a replacement for cortical bone structures.
An Overview of the Existing Schemes and Research Trends in Financing the Energy Upgrade of Buildings in Europe
Authors: Panteli Christiana , Klumbytė Eglė , Apanavičienė Rasa , Fokaides Paris A.
Published: November 2020

Financial supporting schemes for the energy upgrading of the building sector in Europe constitute one of the major policies of the European Union (EU). Since the beginning of the 2000s, dozens of funding programs and initiatives have been announced by the European Commission (EC). It is a fact that the majority of these policies have borne fruit, as the metrics on both energy savings in the building sector and the promotion of renewable energy in the built environment have turned the EU into a global pioneer. This paper attempts to give a brief overview of the main policy and financial tools for the energy upgrading of the built environment in Europe. Emphasis is placed on three major mechanisms, which concern different-scale projects: crowdfunding projects, public-private co-financing projects, and large-scale projects funded by financial institutions such as European Investment Bank (EIB). Reference is also made to recently implemented EU funded research programs in this field. This work aspires to constitute a reference study for future research activities in the field of financial supporting schemes for energy upgrading of buildings in Europe.
Application of Variable Compression Ratio VCR Technology in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
Authors: Woś Paweł , Balawender Krzysztof , Jakubowski Mirosław , Jaworski Artur , Szymczuk Paulina , Ustrzycki Adam
Published: November 2020

The chapter presents the application of variable compression ratio VCR technology for an internal combustion engine. The engine’s overall construction has been designed as the deep reconfiguration of liquid-cooled, heavy-duty diesel engine of type IFA 4 VD 14,5/12-1 SRW. An eccentric shaft-based sliding mechanism has been used for changing position of engine cylinder head assembly. By ensuring a high stiffness of the engine layout together with additional sliding mechanism, the combustion chamber volume of the engine can be changed precisely without changing the displacement of the cylinders. In result, the engine compression ratio can be continuously varied during normal engine operation from the value of 19:1 down to 9:1.
Beyond Health and Safety at Work: Reflections on Biopolitics in Occupational Health as an Important Component of International Health Security
Authors: Luciano Mendes
Published: November 2020

The general objective in this chapter is to reflect on health and safety at work based on biopolitics and biopower. The intention will be to clarify unequal processes in health and safety at work. In addition to occupational health, occupational health and safety actions aim to increase control over workers’ bodies, as well as reduce costs in the work process. The intention is still to establish a dialogue with the French philosopher Michel Foucault and with the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, both discussing the consequences of biopolitics and biopower in industrial society modern. The proposed reflections go beyond the benefits of occupational health and safety at work, as they aim to understand the centrality of life in industrial organizations. It is important and necessary to minimize the negative effects of inequality in health and safety at work. Only then will there be a reduction or elimination of health and safety risks at work.
Gate-All-Around FETs: Nanowire and Nanosheet Structure
Authors: Yoon Jun-Sik , Jeong Jinsu , Lee Seunghwan , Lee Junjong , Baek Rock-Hyun
Published: November 2020

DC/AC performances of 3-nm-node gate-all-around (GAA) FETs having different widths and the number of channels (Nch) from 1 to 5 were investigated thoroughly using fully-calibrated TCAD. There are two types of GAAFETs: nanowire (NW) FETs having the same width (WNW) and thickness of the channels, and nanosheet (NS) FETs having wide width (WNS) but the fixed thickness of the channels as 5 nm. Compared to FinFETs, GAAFETs can maintain good short channel characteristics as the WNW is smaller than 9 nm but irrespective of the WNS. DC performances of the GAAFETs improve as the Nch increases but at decreasing rate because of the parasitic resistances at the source/drain epi. On the other hand, gate capacitances of the GAAFETs increase constantly as the Nch increases. Therefore, the GAAFETs have minimum RC delay at the Nch near 3. For low power applications, NWFETs outperform FinFETs and NSFETs due to their excellent short channel characteristics by 2-D structural confinement. For standard and high performance applications, NSFETs outperform FinFETs and NWFETs by showing superior DC performances arising from larger effective widths per footprint. Overall, GAAFETs are great candidates to substitute FinFETs in the 3-nm technology node for all the applications.
Assessing Creativity and Innovation in Islam
Authors: Iqbal Cameron
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand how Islam assesses creativity—specifically, to determine if an Islamic framework for assessing creativity can be identified. Islam does not provide a framework for assessing creativity, but Islamic scholars continue to assess creativity in the absence of this framework. This study was conducted with the assistance of seven informants from seven leading Islamic traditions based in the UK. Each informant provided a unique insight into their understanding and interpretations of Islamic scriptures and texts in relation to creativity and to determine how creativity in Islam is assessed.
Elevated CO2Concentration Improves Heat-Tolerant Ability in Crops
Authors: EL Sabagh Ayman , Hossain Akbar , Sohidul Islam Mohammad , Aamir Iqbal Muhammad , Raza Ali , Karademir Çetin , Karademir Emine , Rehman Abdul , Atikur Rahman Md , Kumar Singhal Rajesh , Llanes Analía , Ali Raza Muhammad , Mubeen Muhammad , Nasim Wajid , Barutçular Celaleddin , Swaroop Meena Ram , Saneoka Hirofumi
Published: November 2020

The rising concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (aCO2) and increasing temperature are the main reasons for climate change, which are significantly affecting crop production systems in this world. However, the elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration can improve the growth and development of crop plants by increasing photosynthetic rate (higher availability of photoassimilates). The combined effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature on crop growth and carbon metabolism are not adequately recognized, while both eCO2 and temperature triggered noteworthy changes in crop production. Therefore, to increase crop yields, it is important to identify the physiological mechanisms and genetic traits of crop plants which play a vital role in stress tolerance under the prevailing conditions. The eCO2 and temperature stress effects on physiological aspects as well as biochemical profile to characterize genotypes that differ in their response to stress conditions. The aim of this review is directed the open-top cavities to regulate the properties like physiological, biochemical, and yield of crops under increasing aCO2, and temperature. Overall, the extent of the effect of eCO2 and temperature response to biochemical components and antioxidants remains unclear, and therefore further studies are required to promote an unperturbed production system.
Wear Protective Effects of Tribolayer Formation for Copper Based Alloys in Sliding Contacts: Alloy Dependent Sliding Surfaces and Their Effects on Wear and Friction
Authors: Cihak-Bayr Ulrike , Jisa Robin , Franek Friedrich
Published: November 2020

High sliding wear resistance is generally attributed to high hardness and high mechanical strength. Novel near net shape process technologies such as metal injection moulding (MIM) or lost foam casting (LF) lack forming processes that typically increase strength. Consequently, the materials exhibit large-grained microstructures with low defect densities. Commercial copper alloys (CuSn8, CuNi9Sn6, CuSn12Ni2) well known for good sliding properties were produced using MIM and LF and characterised in the current study. Their wear and friction behaviour was compared to conventionally produced variants in a lubricated, reciprocating sliding test against steel. The results showed an equal or superior wear resistance and lower friction levels for large-grained microstructures evolving in MIM and LF. SEM, FIB and EBSD studies revealed a tribolayer on the surface and a tribologically transformed layer (TTL), composed of a nano-crystalline zone or partially rotated grains, and selective hardening of grains. The extent of the TTL was different for alloys that were chemically identical but exhibited different initial microstructures. Innovative production routes investigated here showed no tribological drawbacks, but present the potential to increase lifetime, as nano-crystalline zones may render the sample more prone to wear. We present a hypothesis on the cause for these behaviours.