bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Related Anatomic and Functional Parameters for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Chiari Malformation Type I: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Zairan , Li Zhimin , Han Shiyuan , Hu Xianghui , Pang Siyuan , Li Yongning , Gao Jun
Published: June 2024

Objective: Imaging parameters of Chiari malformation type I (CMI) development are not well established. This study aimed to collect evidence of general or specific imaging measurements in patients with CMI, analyze indicators that may assist in determining the severity of CMI, and guide its diagnosis and treatment.Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across various databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase, covering the period from January 2002 to October 2023, following predefined inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan (ver. 5.4). We performed a quantitative summary and systematic analysis of the included studies. This study was registered in the PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) prior to initiation (CRD42023415454).Results: Thirty-three studies met our inclusion criteria. The findings indicated that out of the 14 parameters examined, 6 (clivus length, basal angle, Boogard’s angle, supraocciput lengths, posterior cranial fossa [PCF] height, and volume) exhibited significant differences between the CMI group and the control group. Furthermore, apart from certain anatomical parameters that hold prognostic value for CMI, functional parameters like tonsillar movement, obex displacement, and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics serve as valuable indicators for guiding the clinical management of the disease.Conclusion: We collated and established a set of linear, angular, and area measurements deemed essential for diagnosing CMI. However, more indicators can only be analyzed descriptively for various reasons, particularly in prognostic prediction. We posit that the systematic assessment of patients’ PCF morphology, volume, and other parameters at a 3-dimensional level holds promising clinical application prospects.
Assessing the Fractional Curve for Proper Management of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis
Authors: Ransom Seth C. , Pennington Zach , Brown Nolan J. , Shahrestani Shane , Ryvlin Jessica , Shoustari Ali , Hagen John C. , Mikula Anthony L. , Lakomkin Nikita , Diaz-Aguilar Luis D. , Elder Benjamin D. , Osorio Joseph A. , Pham Martin H.
Published: June 2024

Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) is a coronal plane deformity often accompanied by sagittal plane malalignment. Surgical correction may involve the major and/or distally-located fractional curves (FCs). Correction of the FC has been increasingly recognized as key to ameliorating radicular pain localized to the FC levels. The present study aims to summarize the literature on the rationale for FC correction in ADS. Three databases were systematically reviewed to identify all primary studies reporting the rationale for correcting the FC in ADS. Articles were included if they were English full-text studies with primary data from ADS ( ≥ 18 years old) patients. Seventy-four articles were identified, of which 12 were included after full-text review. Findings suggest FC correction with long-segment fusion terminating at L5 increases the risk of distal junctional degeneration as compared to constructs instrumenting the sacrum. Additionally, circumferential fusion offers greater FC correction, lower reoperation risk, and shorter construct length. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques may offer effective radiographic correction and improve leg pain associated with foraminal stenosis on the FC concavity, though experiences are limited. Open surgery may be necessary to achieve adequate correction of severe, highly rigid deformities. Current data support major curve correction in ASD where the FC concavity and truncal shift are concordant, suggesting that the FC contributes to the patient’s overall deformity. Circumferential fusion and the use of kickstand rods can improve correction and enhance the stability and durability of long constructs. Last, MIS techniques show promise for milder deformities but require further investigation.
Inhibition of Ferroptosis by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Role of Nrf2/GCH1/BH4 Axis
Authors: Chen Yixin , Li Bingfa , Quan Jing , Li Zhe , Li Yan , Tang Yinbo
Published: June 2024

Objective: The therapeutic benefits of exosomes obtained from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) have been demonstrated in recent years, but the precise mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, the efficacy and mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) in acute SCI were investigated.Methods: By utilizing a BV2 ferroptosis cellular model and an SCI rat model, we investigated the effects of MSC-Exo on iron death related indicators and NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/GTP cyclolase I (GCH1)/5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) signaling axis, as well as their therapeutic effects on SCI rats.Results: The results revealed that MSC-Exo effectively inhibited the production of ferrous iron, lipid peroxidation products malonaldehyde and reactive oxygen species, and ferroptosis-promoting factor prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. Concurrently, they upregulated ferroptosis suppressors FTH-1 (ferritin heavy chain 1), SLC7A11 (solute carrier family 7 member 11), FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1), and GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), contributing to enhanced neurological recovery in SCI rats. Further analysis showed the Nrf2/GTP/BH4 signaling pathway’s critical role in suppressing ferroptosis. Additionally, MSC-Exo was found to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced ferroptosis in BV2 cells and SCI rats by activating the Nrf2/GCH1/BH4 axis.Conclusion: In summary, the study demonstrates that MSC-Exo mitigates microglial cell ferroptosis via the Nrf2/GCH1/BH4 axis, showing potential for preserving and restoring neurological function post-SCI.
Comparison of Single or Double Titanium Mesh Cage for Anterior Reconstruction After Total En Bloc Spondylectomy for Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Tumors
Authors: Leng Ao , Wang Qi , Li Jiacheng , Long Yu , Shi Song , Meng Lingzhi , Guo Mingming , Yu Hailong , Xiang Liangbi
Published: June 2024

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of anterior column reconstruction using single or double titanium mesh cage (TMC) after total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) of thoracic and lumbar spinal tumors.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed involving 39 patients with thoracic or lumbar spinal tumors. All patients underwent TES, followed by anterior reconstruction and screw-rod instrumentation via a posterior-only procedure. Twenty-two patients in group A were treated with a single TMC to reconstruct the anterior column, whereas 17 patients in group B were reconstructed with double TMCs.Results: The overall follow-up is 20.5 ± 4.6 months. There is no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, tumor location, operative time, and intraoperative blood loss. The time for TMC placement was significantly shortened in the double TMCs group (5.2 ± 1.3 minutes vs. 15.6 ± 3.3 minutes, p = 0.004). Additionally, postoperative neural complications were significantly reduced with double TMCs (5/22 vs. 0/17, p = 0.046). The kyphotic Cobb angle and mean intervertebral height were significantly corrected in both groups (p ≤ 0.001), without obvious loss of correction at the last follow-up in either group. The bone fusion rates for single TMC and double TMCs were 77.3% and 76.5%, respectively.Conclusion: Using 2 smaller TMCs instead of a single large one eases the placement of TMC by shortening the time and avoiding nerve impingement. Anterior column reconstruction with double TMC is a clinically feasible, and safe alternative following TES for thoracic and lumbar tumors.
Analyzing Large Language Models’ Responses to Common Lumbar Spine Fusion Surgery Questions: A Comparison Between ChatGPT and Bard
Authors: Lang Siegmund Philipp , Yoseph Ezra Tilahun , Gonzalez-Suarez Aneysis D. , Kim Robert , Fatemi Parastou , Wagner Katherine , Maldaner Nicolai , Stienen Martin N. , Zygourakis Corinna Clio
Published: June 2024

Objective: In the digital age, patients turn to online sources for lumbar spine fusion information, necessitating a careful study of large language models (LLMs) like chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) for patient education.Methods: Our study aims to assess the response quality of Open AI (artificial intelligence)’s ChatGPT 3.5 and Google’s Bard to patient questions on lumbar spine fusion surgery. We identified 10 critical questions from 158 frequently asked ones via Google search, which were then presented to both chatbots. Five blinded spine surgeons rated the responses on a 4-point scale from ‘unsatisfactory’ to ‘excellent.’ The clarity and professionalism of the answers were also evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale.Results: In our evaluation of 10 questions across ChatGPT 3.5 and Bard, 97% of responses were rated as excellent or satisfactory. Specifically, ChatGPT had 62% excellent and 32% minimally clarifying responses, with only 6% needing moderate or substantial clarification. Bard’s responses were 66% excellent and 24% minimally clarifying, with 10% requiring more clarification. No significant difference was found in the overall rating distribution between the 2 models. Both struggled with 3 specific questions regarding surgical risks, success rates, and selection of surgical approaches (Q3, Q4, and Q5). Interrater reliability was low for both models (ChatGPT: k = 0.041, p = 0.622; Bard: k = -0.040, p = 0.601). While both scored well on understanding and empathy, Bard received marginally lower ratings in empathy and professionalism.Conclusion: ChatGPT3.5 and Bard effectively answered lumbar spine fusion FAQs, but further training and research are needed to solidify LLMs’ role in medical education and healthcare communication.
Comparison of Surgical Burden, Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes According to the Severity of Baseline Sagittal Imbalance in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Park Jin-Sung , Kang Dong-Ho , Kim Hyun-Jun , Lim Yun-Mi , Lee Chong-Suh
Published: June 2024

Objective: To determine the clinical impact of the baseline sagittal imbalance severity in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent ≥ 5-level fusion including the pelvis, for ASD with a ≥ 2-year follow-up. Using the Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab classification system, patients were classified into 3 groups according to the severity of the preoperative sagittal imbalance: mild, moderate, and severe. Postoperative clinical and radiographic results were compared among the 3 groups.Results: A total of 259 patients were finally included. There were 42, 62, and 155 patients in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. The perioperative surgical burden was greatest in the severe group. Postoperatively, this group also showed the largest pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis mismatch, suggesting a tendency towards undercorrection. No statistically significant differences were observed in proximal junctional kyphosis, proximal junctional failure, or rod fractures among the groups. Visual analogue scale for back pain and Scoliosis Research Society-22 scores were similar across groups. However, severe group’s last follow-up Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores significantly lower than those of the severe group.Conclusion: Patients with severe sagittal imbalance were treated with more invasive surgical methods along with increased the perioperative surgical burden. All patients exhibited significant radiological and clinical improvements after surgery. However, regarding ODI, the severe group demonstrated slightly worse clinical outcomes than the other groups, probably due to relatively higher proportion of undercorrection. Therefore, more rigorous correction is necessary to achieve optimal sagittal alignment specifically in patients with severe baseline sagittal imbalance.
Artificial Intelligence in Spinal Imaging and Patient Care: A Review of Recent Advances
Authors: Lee Sungwon , Jung Joon-Yong , Mahatthanatrakul Akaworn , Kim Jin-Sung
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming spinal imaging and patient care through automated analysis and enhanced decision-making. This review presents a clinical task-based evaluation, highlighting the specific impact of AI techniques on different aspects of spinal imaging and patient care. We first discuss how AI can potentially improve image quality through techniques like denoising or artifact reduction. We then explore how AI enables efficient quantification of anatomical measurements, spinal curvature parameters, vertebral segmentation, and disc grading. This facilitates objective, accurate interpretation and diagnosis. AI models now reliably detect key spinal pathologies, achieving expert-level performance in tasks like identifying fractures, stenosis, infections, and tumors. Beyond diagnosis, AI also assists surgical planning via synthetic computed tomography generation, augmented reality systems, and robotic guidance. Furthermore, AI image analysis combined with clinical data enables personalized predictions to guide treatment decisions, such as forecasting spine surgery outcomes. However, challenges still need to be addressed in implementing AI clinically, including model interpretability, generalizability, and data limitations. Multicenter collaboration using large, diverse datasets is critical to advance the field further. While adoption barriers persist, AI presents a transformative opportunity to revolutionize spinal imaging workflows, empowering clinicians to translate data into actionable insights for improved patient care.
Liver Cancer Risk Across Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and/or Alcohol: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Yun Byungyoon , Park Heejoo , Ahn Sang Hoon , Oh Juyeon , Kim Beom Kyung , Yoon Jin-Ha
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

New terminologies of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have been developed. We assessed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk across MASLD and/or alcohol intake.

METHODS:

We included participants aged 40–79 years receiving a national health checkup from 2009 to 2010 in the Republic of Korea, classified as follows: non-MASLD, MASLD, MASLD with increased alcohol intake (MetALD; weekly alcohol 210–420 g for male and 140–350 g for female individuals), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD; excessive alcohol intake with weekly alcohol ≥420 g for male or ≥350 g for female individuals). The primary outcome was HCC incidence. HCC risk was estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS:

Among 6,412,209 participants, proportions of non-MASLD, MASLD, MetALD, and ALD cases were 59.5%, 32.4%, 4.8%, and 3.4%, respectively. During follow-up (median 13.3 years), 27,118 had newly developed HCC. Compared with non-MASLD, the HCC risk increased from MASLD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62–1.71) and MetALD (aHR 2.17, 95% CI 2.08–2.27) to ALD (aHR 2.34, 95% CI 2.24–2.45) in a stepwise manner. Furthermore, the older and non-cirrhosis subgroups were more vulnerable to detrimental effects of MASLD and/or alcohol intake, concerning HCC risk. Among the older, female, and cirrhosis subgroups, MetALD poses similar HCC risks as ALD.

DISCUSSION:

HCC risk increased from MASLD and MetALD to ALD in a stepwise manner, compared with non-MASLD. For an effective primary prevention of HCC, a comprehensive approach should be required to modify both metabolic dysfunction and alcohol intake habit.
Dry porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): a novel method using camphor as scaffold
Authors: Chatterjee Sulagna , Chatterjee Liana
Published: June 2024

An optimal portable microfluidic device should ensure least number of accessories for versatile field application. Typically, in such a device fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the transport of fluid is enabled through a nonconventional pumping mechanism. This pumping system has been demonstrated to utilize the relatively high air permeability of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) to transport small volume fluid. In the recent past, microporous PDMS has replaced PDMS in this capacity. Microporous PDMS is typically fabricated through a series of steps where a sacrificial template is used to infiltrate the polymer. This template is removed after the polymer undergoes curing. This method has consistently produced a spongy structure that is nonrigid, sticky, and moist rendering it unwieldy. In this work, we present a novel concept of using camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) as a template to fabricate a dry polymeric sponge. The proposed sponge is molded on a sublimable material, camphor to avoid the additional step of template dissolution. The sponge is demonstrated to be stiff yet flexible rendering it convenient to be compacted into a confined space. Additionally, the sponge is dry and nonsticky as compared to structures that have been generated through sugar leaching.
A review of carbon-based adsorbents for the removal of organic and inorganic components
Authors: Dhokpande Sonali R. , Deshmukh Satyajit M. , Khandekar Ajinkya R. , Sankhe Amaya A.
Published: June 2024

Carbon-based adsorbents like graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, and biochar are commonly used for removing heavy metals from water solutions. The changeable exterior functional groups of efficient carbon adsorbents for HMs are one of their key features. Detailed documentation of the synthesis and interactions of functionalized carbon adsorbents with metals in an aqueous solution is crucial for advancing the utilization of these materials in HM exclusion. This paper reviews the carbon-based adsorbent for material removal. It examines several carbon adsorbents’ exterior functional groups to better understand how they eliminate HMs from aqueous solutions. First, the controlling mechanisms for the deletion of aqueous HMs by carbon adsorbents are described, with a particular emphasis on the functions of exterior functional groups. The following section lists and organises the numerous synthetic techniques that are frequently employed to add heteroatoms to carbon surfaces, particularly oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur, to increase their exterior properties and their sorptive capabilities towards HMs in aqueous solutions. Following that, the impact of dissimilar functional groups on the adsorption characteristics of HMs on carbon adsorbents is examined. While the adsorption capacity and metal removal efficiency of the changed carbonaceous materials are high, the alteration operation is complicated, particularly chemical modification. This review analyses the shortcomings that are now present and offers ideas for future research while emphasising the removal of inorganic and organic components utilising carbon-based materials as adsorbents. In summary, there is room for additional study on the efficacy of functional carbon adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals and their potential uses in various fields. This includes the development of new materials and techniques to enhance adsorption efficiency and selectivity for specific heavy metals, along with the investigation of additional functionalities for these carbon adsorbents in various industrial processes. There is a need for continued innovation and collaboration in this field to address the growing concerns regarding heavy metal pollution and to explore the full capabilities of functional carbon adsorbents.
Low-velocity impact response optimization of the foam-cored sandwich panels with CFRP skins for electric aircraft fuselage skin application
Authors: Yang Kang , Yang Yong , Wang Ji , Fan Xinyue , He Dongqing , Lv Zan
Published: June 2024

Composite sandwich structures are widely used in the aerospace field due to their advantages of high strength, lightweight, and fatigue resistance. However, these structures are prone to damage with very-low-energy impacts. In order to improve the impact resistance of aircraft skin structure, a low-velocity impact resistance of sandwich structure specimens was tested by means of drop hammer impact, and the impact damage area was scanned by ultrasonic C-scan, and obtains the impact damage of specimens with different impact energies and different ply sequences. Combined with the Hashin failure criterion, the finite element equivalent model of composite sandwich structure under low-velocity impact was established. The errors between the simulation results and the C-scan results of the test piece were less than 10%, in which the experimental measurements and numerical predictions were in close agreement. Finally, the finite element equivalent model was applied to optimize the application of model sandwich, which was used for fuselage skin of a certain electric aircraft. The total thickness of the laminate structure remains unchanged before and after optimization, but the impact resistance was significantly enhanced. The ±45° lay-up was beneficial for the structure to absorb the impact energy.
Xylatolides A and B, new 10-membered macrolides from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp.
Authors: Koliye Pierre Roger , Nouga Bissoue Achille , Ngoh Misse Mouelle Eitel , Kwanga Nguikwie Sylvie , Zambo Owona Claudine Victoire , Simons Viktor Emanuel , Akone Sergi Herve , Mbaze Meva’a Luc , Kalscheuer Rainer
Published: June 2024

Chemical investigation of the fungal endophyte Xylaria sp. isolated from leaves of Moringa oleifera, collected in Cameroon, resulted in the previously undescribed 10-membered macrolide, and two known natural products. The structures of the xylatolides A and B were unambiguously identified by their mass spectra and by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, featuring a 10-membered lactone core structure with oxygenated substituents and an unsubstituted 10-alkyl chain presenting seven carbon atoms. Compounds were screened for their cytotoxic potential against the human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HCT-116 cells (human colon carcinoma cell line). Moreover, the isolated compounds were also assayed against a small panel of sensitive strains including the bacterial species Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as against the fungal species Candida albicans. However, no significant activities were found.
Enhanced Synaptic Inhibition in the Dorsolateral Geniculate Nucleus in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma
Authors: Van Hook Matthew J. , McCool Shaylah
Published: June 2024

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) triggers glaucoma by damaging the output neurons of the retina called retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This leads to the loss of RGC signaling to visual centers of the brain such as the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which is critical for processing and relaying information to the cortex for conscious vision. In response to altered levels of activity or synaptic input, neurons can homeostatically modulate postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor numbers, allowing them to scale their synaptic responses to stabilize spike output. While prior work has indicated unaltered glutamate receptor properties in the glaucomatous dLGN, it is unknown whether glaucoma impacts dLGN inhibition. Here, using DBA/2J mice, which develop elevated IOP beginning at 6–7 months of age, we tested whether the strength of inhibitory synapses on dLGN thalamocortical relay neurons is altered in response to the disease state. We found an enhancement of feedforward disynaptic inhibition arising from local interneurons along with increased amplitude of quantal inhibitory synaptic currents. A combination of immunofluorescence staining for the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A-α1 receptor subunit, peak-scaled nonstationary fluctuation analysis, and measures of homeostatic synaptic scaling pointed to an ∼1.4-fold increase in GABA receptors at postsynaptic inhibitory synapses, although several pieces of evidence indicate a nonuniform scaling across inhibitory synapses within individual relay neurons. Together, these results indicate an increase in inhibitory synaptic strength in the glaucomatous dLGN, potentially pointing toward homeostatic compensation for disruptions in network and neuronal function triggered by increased IOP.
WAYS TO REDUCE ERRORS IN MEASURING THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF WEAKLY ABSORBING DIELECTRICS IN THE MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER (TERAHERTZ) WAVELENGTH RANGES BY THE SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE METHOD
Authors:   Institute of Radio Astronomy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Gavrikov V. , Lytvynenko L. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Myshenko V. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Polikarpov O. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Korolev A. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chechotkin D. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Spevak I. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Subject and Purpose. The sources of errors are identified that may arise in the course of terahertz-range measurements of the dielec- tric constant of weakly absorbent dielectrics, if performed within the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Possible ways are analyzed for reducing or fully eliminating such errors. Methods and Methodology. Specific details of applying the SPR method for dielectric constant measurements have been analyzed, with the aim of identifying the major factors that particularly affect the measurement accuracy. Results. It has been noted that in order to reduce the level of backlight interference (which may lead to blinding the receiver), it is expedient to make surface resonance records via frequency scanning. In that case the impact of the interference signal nonstationa- rity arising from the partial conversion of the surface wave energy into that of the volume wave, which occurs at the grating edges, is markedly lower than in the case of angular scanning. A mathematical expression has been derived which suggests a relation between scanning step sizes in angle and in frequency (for the angular and frequency scanning, respectively). As has been shown, a better mea- surement accuracy is achievable if the SPR is recorded as a function of frequency. Indeed, the frequency can be varied, with the use of familiar technologies, in steps of a much smaller size than such adopted for angular scanning. Errors in the above measurements can also arise if the resonance is excited on a grating whose Fourier spectrum contains many high-frequency components which carry a noticeable portion of the diffracted radiation energy. These energy losses can be greatly reduced if the SPR is excited on a grating whose profile involves the lowest number of spatial Fourier harmonics. Conclusions. The method suggested allows a significant reduction in the level of errors of the dielectric constant measurements in weakly absorbing dielectrics if the surface plasmon resonance effects are registered in dependence on the incident frequency, while the SPR is excited at a diffraction grating whose troughs-and-peaks profile is close to harmonical.
Optimizing Advanced Imaging of the Pediatric Patient in the Emergency Department: Technical Report
Authors: Marin Jennifer R. , Lyons Todd W. , Claudius Ilene , Fallat Mary E. , Aquino Michael , Ruttan Timothy , Daugherty Reza J. ,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Section on Radiology, Conners Gregory P. , Owusu-Ansah Sylvia , Caperell Kerry S. , Hoffmann Jennifer , Hsu Benson , Hsu Deborah , McCain Jennifer E. , Saidinejad Mohsen , Waseem Muhammad , Tellez Sue ,   AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY, Otero Hansel J. , Acharya Patricia Trinidad , Alazraki Adina Lynn , Benya Ellen , Brown Brandon Patrick , Laskosz Laura ,   AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee, Amato Christopher S. , Georgadarellis Alexandria , Dietrich Ann Marie , Sorrentino Annalise , Foster Ashley , Sulton Carmen D. , Chang Cindy , Slubowski Daniel , Wallin Dina , Mendez Donna , Rose Emily A. , Crawford Erika Bishop , Santillanes Genevieve , Hsu George , Hooley Gwendolyn C. , Barata Isabel Araujo , Homme James L. , Goodloe Jeffrey Michael , Wall Jessica J. , Valente Jonathan Harris , Easter Joshua , Li Joyce , Brown Kathleen , Berg Kathleen Theresa , Alade Kiyetta Hanan , Rice Lauren , Joseph Madeline Matar , Auerbach Marc , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Heniff Melanie , Stoner Michael J. , Gerardi Michael Joseph , Saidinejad Mohsen , Lee Moon O. , Waseem Muhammad , Ishimine Paul T. , Hiu-Fung Lam Samuel , Fox Sean M. , Sivasankar Shyam Mohan , Lawson Simone L. , Amanullah Siraj , Lin Sophia D. , Sandelich Stephen M. , Cheng Tabitha Autumn , Walls Theresa Ann , Burroughs Zachary , Shahid Sam
Published: June 2024

Advanced diagnostic imaging modalities, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, are key components in the evaluation and management of pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department. Advances in imaging technology have led to the availability of faster and more accurate tools to improve patient care. Notwithstanding these advances, it is important for physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners to understand the risks and limitations associated with advanced imaging in children and to limit imaging studies that are considered low value, when possible. This technical report provides a summary of imaging strategies for specific conditions where advanced imaging is commonly considered in the emergency department. As an accompaniment to the policy statement, this document provides resources and strategies to optimize advanced imaging, including clinical decision support mechanisms, teleradiology, shared decision-making, and rationale for deferred imaging for patients who will be transferred for definitive care.
The Beekeeping of the Collective Farm “Russia” of the Udmurt ASSR during the Ruling of L. I. Brezhnev
Authors: Kolbina Lidia M. , Osokina Anastasia S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article provides information on the economic performance indicators of the apiary: the area of honey plants, honey and wax productivity, the dynamics of the number of bee colonies, as well as agrometeorological conditions during the reign of Brezhnev (1964–1982). The purpose of the research is to assess the economic indicators of beekeeping in Udmurtia on the example of the collective farm “Russia” during the reign of L.I. Brezhnev. It is important for understand the impact on the current state of the industry in the region.

Materials and Methods. According to archival documents of a large collective farm “Russia” (reports), reviews of agrometeorological conditions of the Udmurt ASSR, the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic (CSA UR) P-567 Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Udmurt Republic, P-1263 State Unitary Enterprise of the Udmurt Republic “Beekeeping of Udmurtia”.

Results and Discussion. The positive and active dynamics of growth and development of the economic efficiency of apiary production at all stages is illustrated – the honey-bearing base, building families and obtaining a high yield of honey, which is the basis for further development of the industry and increasing the pace of development. According to the annual reports of the collective farm, it is clear that buckwheat and flax were the main agricultural crops that were pollinated by bees. It was revealed that the number of bee colonies is subject to significant fluctuations over the years. At the beginning of the period under review, there were 890 bee colonies. Since 1967, on average, the dynamics of the number of bee colonies was relatively stable until 1973 (an average of 660 bee colonies). According to the annual reports, beekeepers have been constantly increasing the number of bee colonies by catching swarms and buying bee families. At the same time, the management of the farm strictly recorded the natural decline of families, which varied in different years and for various reasons. The maximum percentage of deaths was recorded in 1980 (41.2 %). An outbreak of varroatosis and nosematosis was registered in the republic in 1979–1980. It is established that the collective farm apiary of this farm is located in a central zone favorable for beekeeping. It has a variety of honey-bearing resources, and weather conditions are more positive than in other areas of the republic.
Determination of colostrum quality using Brix refractometer in sheep
Authors: Sarica Meryem , Aydoğdu Uğur
Published: June 2024

In this study, we aimed to determine the quality of colostrum in sheep by using Brix refractometer. The research included 100 sheep of Merino X Kivircik crossbred. From each, we collected 15 mL of colostrum samples in falcon tubes within the first 8 h after delivery. Mean colostral IgG level of sheep was 156.68 ± 7.23 g L−1, optical and digital Brix refractometer values (%) were determined as 27.43 ± 0.53 and 27.69 ± 0.60, respectively. Ewes carrying twin lambs produced significantly higher quality colostrum than those carrying single lambs. However, parity did not affect the colostrum quality. Optical and digital Brix values were correlated with gold standard radial immunodiffusion (RID) colostral IgG level (r = 0.70 and r = 0.64, respectively). Also, optical and digital Brix refractometers were found to be highly correlated (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). While the optimal Brix value was 22% for the 50, 60 and 70 g L−1 IgG threshold values (by means of RID as the potential good quality threshold value for ewe colostrum quality), this value was 23% for 80 g L−1. We can conclude that Brix refractometers is a valuable tool for determining ewe colostrum quality. A cut point of 22% Brix for defining good quality colostrum in ewes was most appropriate for our data.
The role of the Hungarian language in European polyglot dictionaries of the 16th and 17th centuries
Authors: Grzeszak Anna
Published: June 2024

The present study aims to determine the role of the Hungarian language in European polyglot dictionaries in the 16th and 17th centuries and thus to establish its position within the group of European languages. The study is based on earlier findings by Gabriele Stein (1989) concerning the role of English in 16th-century multilingual wordlists, and it addresses two questions: 1) How often was the Hungarian language included in polyglots compared to other European languages? 2) Did Hungarian hold a similar position to other vernaculars in the dictionaries considered?

It was examined which languages were included in the polyglots published during the period under discussion and how many times each vernacular appeared in a dictionary. Moreover, the contents of selected dictionaries were analysed. Results indicate that Hungarian played an important, though not key role in European polyglot dictionaries of the 16th and 17th centuries and that its position among other European languages was not marginal at the time.
Remobilization with whole-body vibration improves functionality, histomorphometric parameters, and AQP1 expression in the soleus muscle of Wistar rats
Authors: Wutzke Maria Luiza Serradourada , Zazula Matheus Felipe , Peretti Ana Luiza , Marin Estéfani , Gomes Jossinelma Camargo , de Carvalho Alberito Rodrigo , Beu Célia Cristina Leme , Costa Rose Meire , Ribeiro Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: June 2024

Background

Whole-body vibration (WBV) is used to enhance physical performance in sports and rehabilitation. The present study analyzed the effects of remobilization with WBV on the soleus muscle of Wistar rats.

Methods

Twenty-eight animals were separated into four experimental groups (n = 7): CON (control); IM (immobilized); FR (immobilization and free remobilization); and WBV (immobilization and remobilization with WBV). The immobilization of the pelvic limb was carried out according to the standard protocol using a plaster cast for 15 days. For remobilization with WBV, a Frequency of 60 Hz was applied for 10 min, five days a week, for two weeks. After the remobilization period, the animals were euthanized, and the right soleus muscle was dissected followed by processing for histomorphometric analysis and immunolocalization of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1).

Results

We observed a reduced larger diameter in IM compared to CON, with restored values in WBV. For the estimation of connective tissue, a significant increase was observed in the immobilized groups, while a reduction was noted in the remobilized groups. AQP1 expression decreased significantly in IM and increased in WBV.

Conclusion

Immobilization caused morphofunctional damage to the soleus muscle, and remobilization with WBV is efficient and offers advantages over free remobilization.
Crayfish à la Bordelaise
Authors: Ursule Tante
Published: June 2024

Tante Ursule is the pen-name of an amateur of foods who has for long taken a special interest in crayfish recipes. This article begins with the basic preparation of crayfish à la Bordelaise and proceeds to describe three recipes which can be applied to them subsequently.
Good Hay, Sweet Hay
Authors: David Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

The author looks at the use of hay in the preparation of ham and gammon dishes and presents recipes from 17th and 18th-century publications A True Gentlewoman's Delight, The Closet of Sir Kenelme Digby, The Compleat Housewife, The Family Magazine as well as references to the custom by later authors,  Eliza Acton, Escoffier and  Jane Grigson
Possible Future Bibliographies of Cookery Books
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: June 2024

The author looks at the tradition of cookbook bibliographies and offers several suggestions for arriving at a better methodology in their compilation.
Sofia Notebook
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: June 2024

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Reprints of Old German Cookery Books
Authors: Schumacher-Voelker Uta
Published: June 2024

The author is working on a bibliography of German cookery books, and also on one covering books on cookery published in Britain between 1800 and 1870 (the latter to be published by Prospect Books). She has compiled the following list as a sequel to the general list of reprints which Mark Cerniavsky provided for our readers in PPC 3. The PPC 3 article dealt only with books in English or French, and we promised at the time to follow it up with corresponding lists for other languages. That German should come next is highly appropriate, since there is a wealth of material and it has tended to receive less attention from collectors and scholars than the corresponding books in English, French and Italian. It is also pertinent that the business of reproducing old cookery books has been booming in Germany for some time, as the length of the list which follows demonstrates. 
At our request, the author has included brief comments on the books, so that readers who do not understand German will have some guidance on why particular books in the list are of interest. She has not covered, but may treat in a later article, reprints of 'gastrosophical' works, of bibliographical ones, of books on wines, beer, etc., or of manuscripts (with a few exceptions, which are themselves reprints of a printed edition of a manuscript). Where bibliographical details are lacking, e.g. data of publication or name of publisher, the lacunae are indicated by a question mark, or a question accompanied by an informed conjecture, in square brackets. Where, for example, the name of an author or the date of publication was not stated, but is known, the information is supplied in square brackets without a question mark. The spelling and punctuation of original titles etc. are reproduced as faithfully as possible; and this accounts, for example, for the use of =, the old form of hyphen, in some titles.
Building the future of European Public Service Media: innovation priorities, key points and optimization areas in PSM
Authors: Fieiras-Ceide César , Vaz-Álvarez Martín , Túñez-López Miguel
Published: June 2024

The platformization and entry into the international television market of large video-on-demand (VoD) service providers has had an impact on all agents in the sector, as well as on operating rules, consumption habits, and financing, production and distribution models. In the case of public media, innovation is conceived as a strategic driver and the only sustainable alternative for their survival, repositioning and renewal in order to be relevant for citizens. This research analyzes 15 European public broadcasting corporations from Germany (ARD), Austria (ORF), Belgium (VRT and RTBF), Denmark (DR), Spain (RTVE), Finland (Yle), France (France TV), Great Britain (BBC), the Netherlands (NPO), Ireland (RTÉ), Italy (RAI), Portugal (RTP), Sweden (SVT) and Switzerland (RTS). A total of 18 interviews were conducted with senior managers of these corporations and one EBU member to shed light on innovation priorities, key points and areas of optimization, which allows identifying the conceptual, strategic and operational lines that these media will follow in the next stage. It is concluded that these broadcasters focus their efforts on the transversal implementation of high technology, particularly AI, for the improvement of their production and distribution operational routines; on the settlement and improvement of their VOD platforms; on digital positioning and cybersecurity; on the creation of stable communities; on the optimization of the user experience (UX) and the attraction and search for relevance for a young audience (16-25) often distant from their performances.
Norberto González Gaitano, Gema Bellido Acevedo and Cecilia Galatolo. Love, Friendship and Storytelling. Talking with young people about the best-loved works of their generation. Published by EDUSC, Roma (2023), 268 pp. ISBN: 979-12-5482-112-1
Authors: Garassini Stefania
Published: June 2024

Book Review
The best advertising strategy to communicate about the Paralympic Games?
Authors: Álvarez-Villa Àngels , Femenía-Almerich Sandra , Ausin-Azofra José-Manuel
Published: June 2024

This article presents the results of an integrative of the Most research to date on the media treatment of the Paralympic Games has used content analysis and the comparative method to determine whether people with disabilities are being discriminated against by the media. However, the need to investigate the effect of media communications on audiences has long been recognized. This study presents the results of a visual analysis of two advertising spots with very different discursive strategies, and of an experiment using neurological measurements with a sample of 40 subjects to assess the differences in positive emotion of the recipients related to each advertisement, taking the EEG frontal asymmetry as a measure of approach motivation. Our results found that the advertisement that a priori had more rhetorical resources to achieve positive emotion in a general population had an effect only on the subgroup of people with disabilities and, particularly, on those with disabilities who practice some form of sport.
METHOD AUTOMATED CLASS CONVERSION FOR COMPOSITION IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Kungurtsev O. B. , Bondar V. R. , Gratilova K. O. , Novikova N. O.
Published: June 2024

Context. Using the composition relation is one of the most effective and commonly used ways to specialize classes in object-oriented programming.
Objective. Problems arise when “redundant” attributes are detected in an inner class, which are not necessary for solving the tasks of a specialized class. To work with such attributes, the inner class has corresponding program methods, whose usage not only does not solve the tasks of the specialized class, but can lead to errors in its work. The purpose of this work is to remove “redundant” attributes from the inner class, as well as all methods of the class directly or indirectly (through other methods) using these attributes.
Method. A mathematical model of the inner class was developed, which allowed us to identify “redundant” elements of the class. The method of internal class transformation is proposed, which, based on the analysis of the class code, provides the developer with information to make a decision about “redundant” attributes, and then in the automated mode gradually removes and transforms the class elements.
Result. To approbate the proposed solutions, a software product Composition Converter was developed. Experiments were carried out to compare the conversion of classes in “manual” and automated modes. The results showed a multiple reduction of conversion time in the automated mode.
Conclusions. The proposed method of automated transformation of the inner class according to the tasks of the outer class when implementing composition allows to significantly reduce the time or the number of errors when editing the code of the inner class. The method can be used for various object-oriented languages.
Entre Koselleck e Krenak
Authors: Souza Leal Bruno , Rego Ana Regina
Published: June 2024

Este ensaio tem como objetivo tensionar as categorias meta-históricas propostas por Koselleck como antropológicas e universais, e que seriam centrais na composição do tempo histórico, e confrontá-las com o pensamento de Ailton Krenak. Nesse percurso, partimos da elaboração de Koselleck, passamos pela apropriação que realiza Ricoeur das categorias na proposição de uma Hermenêutica da consciência histórica e apresentamos ainda a concepção de Hartog de regimes de historicidade, na qual experiência e expectativa também se manifestam. Em um segundo momento, trabalhamos as temporalidades dos povos não historicizados e, portanto, excluídos do modo de existir eurocêntrico, para, ao final, nos dedicarmos ao pensamento de Krenak, que colhemos nos textos lançados nos últimos quatro anos e com o qual confrontamos a proposição universalista de Koselleck para espaço de experiência e horizonte de expectativas.
Enhancing Biomass and β-Glucan Yield from Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) Mycelia through Extract Valorization
Authors: Töros Gréta , Béni Áron , Peles Ferenc , Rai Mahendra , Elramady Hassan , Prokisch József
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to examine the impact of mushroom extract-based solid media on the β-glucan content, growth rate, density, and biomass content of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) mycelia. Fresh, high-quality raw P. ostreatus were washed, sliced, and heated in a sealed pressure cooker at 90°C for 4 h in the drying cabinet. Following the heating process, centrifugation was carried out. Different concentrations of Pleurotus ostreatus extract were mixed with distilled water (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and prepared for a sterile solid media. A malt extract-based medium was maintained as a control. This study focuses on the growth performance of P. ostreatus mycelium on its own mushroom extract-based culture medium which holds considerable economic and environmental significance. During the six-day observation period, the mycelium exhibited consistent growth across all tested media, maintaining a steady growth rate of 15 mm. The increased content of mushroom extract resulted from the enhanced density of the mycelia and biomass content. It can be inferred that when media containing less than 25% of mushroom extract dilution is used, β-glucan can be formed in smaller amounts. Further research is needed to explore mushroom extract derived from different types of mushroom byproducts, which fail to meet commercial standards.
Stability analysis of an unreinforced concrete gravity dam
Authors: Roy Choudhury Prithula
Published: June 2024

This project involved undertaking a stability analysis of an unreinforced concrete gravity dam. The stability assessment considered the 1 in 10 000 year and probable maximum flood events as well as the effects of ice and seismic loading, concluding that the above-ground dam section did not meet modern factors of safety and that further works would be required to stabilise the dam.