bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen-Bonding in Two Pyridinium Salts of [Mo2O4Cl4(μ2-dmsH)]3−Complex (dmsH− = a Half-Neutralized Form of 2,2-Dimethylsuccinic Acid)
Authors: Modec Barbara
Published: April 2013

Reactions of a mononuclear molybdenum(V) starting material, (PyH)5[MoOCl4(H2O)]3Cl2, with 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid in the presence of base afforded two products, (PyH)3[Mo2O4Cl4(μ2-dmsH)]·1/2CH3CN (1) and (PyH)4[Mo2O4Cl4(μ2-dmsH)]Cl (2). As revealed by the X-ray structure analysis, the half-neutralized form of the dicarboxylic acid, the dmsH− ion, coordinated to the well-known {Mo2O4}2+ core in the syn-syn bidentate bridging manner. In both compounds, the non-ionized terminus of the ligand, the COOH function, participated in hydrogen-bonding interactions. The incorporation of the chloride counteranion in 2, prevented the formation of the common “carboxylic acid dimer” which was observed for 1. Instead, a hydrogen-bonded linkage of the COOH function with the chloride occurred.
Evaluation and Optimization of a Traditional North-Light Roof on Industrial Plant Energy Consumption
Authors: Adriaenssens Sigrid , Liu Hao , Wahed Mariam , Zhao Qianchuan
Published: April 2013

Increasingly strict energy policies, rising energy prices, and a desire for a positive corporate image currently serve as incentives for multinational corporations to reduce their plants’ energy consumption. This paper quantitatively investigates and discusses the value of a traditional north-light roof using a complete building energy simulation and optimization framework. The findings indicate that the north-light system yields positive building energy performance for several climate zones, including: (i) Humid Subtropical; (ii) Semiarid Continental; (iii) Mediterranean; and (iv) Subtropical Highland. In the Subtropical Highland climate zone, for example, the building energy consumption of a north-light roof is up to 54% less than that of a conventional flat roof. Based on these positive findings, this paper further presents an optimization framework that alters the north-light roof shape to further improve its energy performance. To quantitatively guarantee a high probability of finding satisfactory designs while reducing the computational processing time, ordinal optimization is introduced into the scheme. The Subtropical Highland case study shows further energy building consumption reduction of 26% for an optimized north-light roof shape. The presented evaluation and optimization framework could be used in designing a plant with integrated north-lights roof that aim at energy efficiency while maintaining environmental occupant comfort levels.
Evaluation of Superficial and Dimensional Quality Features in Metallic Micro-Channels Manufactured by Micro-End-Milling
Authors: Monroy-Vázquez Karla , Attanasio Aldo , Ceretti Elisabetta , Siller Héctor , Hendrichs-Troeglen Nicolás , Giardini Claudio
Published: April 2013

Miniaturization encourages the development of new manufacturing processes capable of fabricating features, like micro-channels, in order to use them for different applications, such as in fuel cells, heat exchangers, microfluidic devices and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). Many studies have been conducted on heat and fluid transfer in micro-channels, and they appeared significantly deviated from conventional theory, due to measurement errors and fabrication methods. The present research, in order to deal with this opportunity, is focused on a set of experiments in the micro-milling of channels made of aluminum, titanium alloys and stainless steel, varying parameters, such as spindle speed, depth of cut per pass (ap), channel depth (d), feed per tooth (fz) and coolant application. The experimental results were analyzed in terms of dimensional error, channel profile shape deviation from rectangular and surface quality (burr and roughness). The micro-milling process was capable of offering quality features required on the micro-channeled devices. Critical phenomena, like run-out, ploughing, minimum chip thickness and tool wear, were encountered as an explanation for the deviations in shape and for the surface quality of the micro-channels. The application of coolant and a low depth of cut per pass were significant to obtain better superficial quality features and a smaller dimensional error. In conclusion, the integration of superficial and geometrical features on the study of the quality of micro-channeled devices made of different metallic materials contributes to the understanding of the impact of calibrated cutting conditions in MEMS applications.
Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Cembranoids from a South China Sea Soft Coral, Lobophytum sp.
Authors: Zhao Min , Yin Jian , Jiang Wei , Ma Minshan , Lei Xinxiang , Xiang Zheng , Dong Jianyong , Huang Kexin , Yan Pengcheng
Published: April 2013

Chemical examination of a South China Sea soft coral Lobophytum sp. led to the isolation of three new α-methylene-γ-lactone-containing cembranoids, (1R*,3R*, 4R*,14R*,7E,11E)-3,4-epoxycembra-7,11,15(17)-trien-16,14-olide (1), (1R*,7S*,14S*,3E, 11E)-7-hydroperoxycembra-3,8(19),11,15(17)-tetraen-16,14-olide (2), and (1R*,7S*,14S*, 3E,11E)-18-acetoxy-7-hydroperoxycembra-3,8(19),11,15(17)-tetraen-16,14-olide (3), along with eleven known analogues 4–14. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1–3 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against the selected tumor cell lines. Moreover, 2 and 3 were found to be moderate inhibitors against the bacteria S. aureus and S. pneumoniae.
Comparative Analyses of MicroRNA Microarrays during Cardiogenesis: Functional Perspectives
Authors: Bonet Fernando , Hernandez-Torres Francisco , Esteban Franciso , Aranega Amelia , Franco Diego
Published: April 2013

Cardiovascular development is a complex process in which several transcriptional pathways are operative, providing instructions to the developing cardiomyocytes, while coping with contraction and morphogenetic movements to shape the mature heart. The discovery of microRNAs has added a new layer of complexity to the molecular mechanisms governing the formation of the heart. Discrete genetic ablation of the microRNAs processing enzymes, such as Dicer and Drosha, has highlighted the functional roles of microRNAs during heart development. Importantly, selective deletion of a single microRNA, miR-1-2, results in an embryonic lethal phenotype in which both morphogenetic, as well as impaired conduction, phenotypes can be observed. In an effort to grasp the variability of microRNA expression during cardiac morphogenesis, we recently reported the dynamic expression profile during ventricular development, highlighting the importance of miR-27 on the regulation of a key cardiac transcription factor, Mef2c. In this review, we compare the microRNA expression profile in distinct models of cardiogenesis, such as ventricular chamber development, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived cardiomyocytes and the aging heart. Importantly, out of 486 microRNAs assessed in the developing heart, 11% (55) displayed increased expression, many of which are also differentially expressed in distinct cardiogenetic experimental models, including iPS-derived cardiomyocytes. A review on the functional analyses of these differentially expressed microRNAs will be provided in the context of cardiac development, highlighting the resolution and power of microarrays analyses on the quest to decipher the most relevant microRNAs in the developing, aging and diseased heart.
Volatile and Amino Acid Profiling of Dry Cured Hams from Different Swine Breeds and Processing Methods
Authors: García-González Diego , Aparicio Ramón , Aparicio-Ruiz Ramón
Published: April 2013

The flavor of dry cured ham explains the high appreciation of this product and it determines consumer acceptance. Volatile compounds provide valuable information about the odor and sensory quality of dry cured hams. Since amino acids are the origin of some volatile compounds of dry cured ham, the volatile and amino acid compositions of forty-one dry cured hams from Spain and France were determined to establish associations between them. The samples included different pig breeds (non Iberian vs. Iberian), which were additionally affected by different maturation times and feeding types (acorn vs. fodder). Results showed that 20 volatile compounds were able to distinguish Iberian and non Iberian hams, and 16 of those had relevant sensory impact according to their odor activity values. 3-Methylbutanol, 2-heptanol and hexanal were among the most concentrated volatile compounds. In the case of non-volatile compounds, the concentrations of amino acids were generally higher in Iberian hams, and all the amino acids were able to distinguish Iberian from non Iberian hams with the exception of tryptophan and asparagine. A strong correlation of some amino acids with volatile compounds was found in the particular case of alcohols and aldehydes when only Iberian hams were considered. The high correlation values found in some cases proved that proteolysis plays an important role in aroma generation.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Unsymmetrical Curcumin Analogues as Tyrosinase Inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Yongfu , Du Zhiyun , Xue Guihua , Chen Qian , Lu Yujing , Zheng Xi , Conney Allan , Zhang Kun
Published: April 2013

Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsymmetrical curcumin analogues (UCAs) have been achieved. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities were found for most of the prepared synthetic UCAs. Among them, compounds containing 4-hydroxyl-substituted phenolic rings with C-2/C-4- or C-3/C-4-dihydroxyl-substituted diphenolic rings were more active (IC50 = 1.74~16.74 μM) than 4-butylresorcinol and kojic acid, which suggested that the 4-hydroxyl groups in UCAs play a crucial role in tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed compounds 3c and 3i containing catecholic rings were mixed-competitive inhibitors, whereas compounds 3d and 3j containing resorcinolic rings were competitive inhibitors. The preliminary evaluation results of acute toxicity showed the representative 3d and 3j were non-toxic in mice dosed at 1,200 mg/kg. This research suggests that, with the advantage of being readily prepared small molecules, polyphenolic UCAs have the potential to develop into pharmacological inhibitors of tyrosinase.
Endocytic Pathways and Recycling in Growing Pollen Tubes
Authors: Onelli Elisabetta , Moscatelli Alessandra
Published: April 2013

Pollen tube growth is based on transport of secretory vesicles into the apical region where they fuse with a small area of the plasma membrane. The amount of secretion greatly exceeds the quantity of membrane required for growth. Mechanisms of membrane retrieval have recently been demonstrated and partially characterized using FM (Fei Mao) dyes or charged nanogold. Both these probes reveal that clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis occur in pollen tubes and are involved in distinct degradation pathways and membrane recycling. Exocytosis, internalization and sorting of PM proteins/lipids depend on the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton and are involved in actin filament organization. However, some kinds of endocytic and exocytic processes occurring in the central area of the tip still need to be characterized. Analysis of secretion dynamics and data derived from endocytosis highlight the complexity of events occurring in the tip region and suggest a new model of pollen tube growth.
HEALTH, WELL-BEING AND SUSTAINABLE HOUSING
Authors: Prochorskaitė Agnė , Malienė Vida
Published: April 2013

Sustainability of the built environment is an increasingly prominent concern in academic and policy discussions in the UK and EU. Initiatives such as the Code for Sustainable Homes in the UK have been developed to aid integration of sustainability principles into housing developments. Primary focus in this field has been largely on environmental sustainability (particularly energy efficiency) with less attention paid to social and economic factors. This article argues that health and well-being issues need greater consideration within current sustainable housing policy and developments. Three key reasons are presented in support of this argument: (i) Creation of greater market demand; public demand for sustainable buildings could be enhanced through greater promotion of the health and well-being benefits of sustainable housing: (ii) Time-scales; given the longevity of buildings, health considerations should be of paramount importance to avoid any possible future adverse effects: (iii) Indirect societal benefits; enhanced health and well-being can lead to wider societal and economic benefits such as lower healthcare costs. The paper then presents some of the seminal findings from health and housing literature review, outlining how these can be used to enhance sustainable housing policy and developments. The paper concludes by presenting the next stages of research.
PROPERTY VALUATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY. SIMULATION VS STRATEGIC MODEL
Authors: Meszek Wiesław
Published: April 2013

Uncertainty is a real and universal phenomenon in property valuation. The sources of uncertainty premises originate in the market's specific character, particularly in its informative inefficiency. The degree of uncertainty will vary according to the level of market activity. The result of this uncertainty for the process of property valuation is the impossibility of the measurement of the market value weights and unknown reliability of the real estate transaction prices. In practice, the market value of each property is based on prices under the assumption that the market is efficient; however in reality, prices do not fully reflect the available information. The reasons are, among others, low transparency of the market and confidentiality of transactions let alone the market imperfections. In terms of information inefficiency of the real estate market, statistical methods are ineffective for property valuation, therefore there is a need to use methods and models taking uncertainty into consideration. This paper looks at the way in which uncertainty can be incorporated into the explicit model of sales comparison approach (pairwise comparison method). One model focuses on the application of the Monte-Carlo simulation and the other on the game theory.
Pilot Test of a Three-Station Palliative Care Observed Structured Clinical Examination for Multidisciplinary Trainees
Authors: Corcoran Amy M. , Lysaght Susan , LaMarra Denise , Ersek Mary
Published: April 2013

Developing effective communication and symptom assessment skills is an important component of palliative care training for advance practice nurses (APNs) and other health care providers. The purpose of this project was to develop and pilot test a three-station palliative care Observed Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for APN students and physician fellows. Three stations included discussing goals of care, breaking bad news, and assessing delirium. Measures included the Interpersonal Skills Tool, Station Checklists, the OSCE Evaluation Tool, and a focus group to solicit learners’ perspectives about the experience. Findings showed that learners evaluated the exercise as appropriate for their level of training and that standardized patients were convincing and provided helpful feedback. Learner self-evaluation means were significantly lower than those of standardized patient or faculty, and faculty raters demonstrated low interrater reliability. Initial evaluation suggests a three-station palliative care OSCE exercise is effective for multidisciplinary learners, although additional refinement is necessary. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2013;52(5):294–298.]
Radiant Thinking and the Use of the Mind Map in Nurse Practitioner Education
Authors: Spencer Julie R. , Anderson Kelley M. , Ellis Kathryn K.
Published: April 2013

The concept of radiant thinking, which led to the concept of mind mapping, promotes all aspects of the brain working in synergy, with thought beginning from a central point. The mind map, which is a graphical technique to improve creative thinking and knowledge attainment, utilizes colors, images, codes, and dimensions to amplify and enhance key ideas. This technique augments the visualization of relationships and links between concepts, which aids in information acquisition, data retention, and overall comprehension. Faculty can promote students’ use of the technique for brainstorming, organizing ideas, taking notes, learning collaboratively, presenting, and studying. These applications can be used in problem-based learning, developing plans of care, health promotion activities, synthesizing disease processes, and forming differential diagnoses. Mind mapping is a creative way for students to engage in a unique method of learning that can expand memory recall and help create a new environment for processing information. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2013;52(5):291–293.]
Marañón y la medicina en España
Authors: Balaguer Perigüell Emilio
Published: April 2013

La obra de Marañón, en su conjunto, es verdaderamente compleja. Después de una primera lectura parcial la cantidad de interrogantes que plantea son muchos y variados, pero siguiendo unos pocos hilos conductores, que se repiten, podemos analizar su riqueza. Este es el objetivo del presente trabajo limitándonos a su faceta de médico. Su obra médica, en el conjunto de la medicina occidental del momento, sigue valorándose partiendo de una serie de tópicos. A nuestro parecer, es el resultado de una elaboración peculiar desde la clínica, y partiendo de unos supuestos personales; dando lugar a un modelo de medicina coincidente, en gran medida, con el de los grandes reformistas de lo que Laín Entralgo ha llamado “medicina actual”.
La infancia en el esquema marañoniano de las edades de la vida del hombre
Authors: Ballester Rosa
Published: April 2013

La ingente obra científica de Marañón incluye también una serie de aportaciones sobre el tema de las edades de la vida humana. Desde acercamientos biológicos a los de cariz médico-social, como la eugenesia, el autor presenta su particular visión de la infancia definida de acuerdo a una serie de criterios fundamentados, en gran medida, en su pensamiento endocrinológico. El peso de la tradición de la Antigüedad clásica y de autores renacentistas como el español Huarte de San Juan, está presente como marco de referencia histórico y como una forma de reflexionar sobre situaciones actuales.
El Olivares de Marañón
Authors: Elliott John
Published: April 2013

Este artículo recoge la intervención de John Elliott “El Olivares de Marañón” en la Semana Marañón 2007, “Marañón y la biografía”, donde el eminente historiador británico explicó la influencia que El Conde-Duque de Olivares. La pasión de mandar, de Gregorio Marañón ejerció en su interés por el personaje. También se analiza de manera pormenorizada las luces y las sombras del trabajo de Marañón.
La producción periodística del exilio republicano (1939-1950)
Authors: Eiroa San Francisco Matilde
Published: April 2013

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la tipología y características de los medios de comunicación del exilio republicano durante su etapa más fructífera correspondiente al decenio 1939-1950. Se han utilizado los fondos del Archivo de la República Española en el Exilio, el Partido Comunista de España, la Fundación Pablo Iglesias y el Centro de Investigación para la República Española en el Exilio (CIERE) a los que se ha aplicado la metodología cualitativa y el enfoque deductivo como vías de acercamiento a la realidad socio-comunicativa objeto del estudio.
Partimos de la idea de que el perfil de los protagonistas de dichos medios y su disgregación en Europa y América influyeron en la segmentación e inestabilidad de las publicaciones. A lo largo de sus páginas se localizan los focos principales de la producción periodística exiliada y se examinan a grandes rasgos los prototipos, los contenidos y los actores.
Avanzando en el diálogo de saberes
Authors: Contreras Salinas Sylvia , Ramírez Pavelic Mónica
Published: April 2013

Este trabajo intenta avanzar en el debate sobre la ceguera en la construcción del conocimiento, originada por la incapacidad de visualizar otras formas de vida que se desarrollan fuera del sistema hegemónico, marcado esencialmente por la ideología capitalista y eurocéntrica. Para esta empresa, optamos por presentar a modo de ejemplo una serie de enunciados que mostrarán discursos marcados por prácticas y formas de vida de habitantes de sectores rurales del Centro y Sur de Chile. El procedimiento utilizado consistió en visibilizar nuestras propias concepciones paradigmáticas para “ver” en todo el sentido de la palabra, discursos diversos; todo esto desde una perspectiva hermenéutica. Entre las conclusiones destaca la idea del “andar”, la paciencia y las recurrentes metáforas construidas desde la relación con la naturaleza.
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on biomass production, oil yield and quality of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides l.)
Authors: Priyadarshani NDN , Amarasinghe MKTK , Subasinghe S , Palihakkara IR , Kumarasinghe HKMS
Published: April 2013

A field experiment was conducted at Medicinal Plant Garden, Research and Training Facility, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna to find out most suitable fertilizer combination for higher growth, yield and quality of Vetiver. Different proportions of organic and inorganic fertilizers such as inorganic fertilizer alone, compost: inorganic fertilizer (1:3), compost: inorganic fertilizer (1:1), compost: inorganic fertilizer (3:1), compost alone and control (top soil: sand-1:2) were used as treatments. Growth, yield, oil content and quality parameters were taken 9 months after planting. Compost: inorganic fertilizer (3:1) mixture showed significantly higher shoot and root dry weights, number of leaves and tillers at 9 months after planting. Compost: inorganic fertilizer (3:1) mixture also showed significantly higher amounts of β– Vetivenene, Khusimol, and Iso-valencinol contents compared to other treatments. Therefore, compost: inorganic fertilizer (3:1) could be used as optimal fertilizer mixture for higher biomass production, oil content and quality of Vetiver.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v8i1.5375The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013, vol.8, no1 p.28-35
Willingness to pay for rice traits in Kurunegala and Hambantota districts: an application of a spatial hedonic pricing model
Authors: Mendis Sachintha , Edirisinghe Jagath C
Published: April 2013

The common understanding by the research community is that farmers like to adopt high-yielding varieties. While this is true in general, we often see that some high-yielding varieties are not accepted by farmers. The reasons for such can be many. In this study, an attempt is made to verify whether there are any other traits that farmers seek in a paddy variety. We select several traits including those related to yield and production aspects as well as ultimate consumer preferences, and assess their relative importance by way of willingness to pay. This is achieved by estimating a Hedonic Pricing model. We further hypothesise that there are spatial relations in the willingness to pay for such traits and incorporate that into the analysis which resulted in a Spatial Hedonic Pricing Model. Data for the study was collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire from 148 farmers in Kurunegala and Hambantota districts. The estimated function confirms that there is a spatial relationship in paddy prices by a significant spatial correlation coefficient in the order of 0.35. Therefore, the estimated marginal willingness to pay values is corrected for the spatial correlation. These estimates provide us insights on characteristics other than yield such as empty seed percentage of seed paddy, disease resistance, and demand conditions of the ultimate consumer(types of rice), that farmers consider in choosing paddy varieties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v8i1.5376 The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013, vol.8, no1 p.1-7
Analysis of factors affecting the production of cashew in Wenchi municipality, Ghana
Authors: Wongnaa CA
Published: April 2013

The study considered the determinants of cashew production with special reference to cashew production in Wenchi Municipality of Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. Data collection was through well structured questionnaire administered on 140 respondents selected through random sampling technique. The methods of analysis used were descriptive statistics and production function analysis using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) criterion to estimate the parameters of the production function. Results showed that majority of the farmers were ageing and 55.7% of them have a maximum of five years of cashew farming experience. Also there was high level of illiteracy as about 61.4% of total respondents have no formal education. Farming was majorly on subsistence level as the mean farm size was 3.33 acres. Results further showed that farm size, fertilizer, pesticides, pruning, education and contact with extension officers are positively related to cashew output while labour and years of experience are inversely related.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v8i1.5377The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013, vol.8, no1 p.8-16
Spatially explicit regionalization of airborne flux measurements using environmental response functions
Authors: Metzger S. , Junkermann W. , Mauder M. , Butterbach-Bahl K. , Trancón y Widemann B. , Neidl F. , Schäfer K. , Wieneke S. , Zheng X. H. , Schmid H. P. , Foken T.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. The goal of this study is to characterize the sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat exchange for different land covers in the heterogeneous steppe landscape of the Xilin River catchment, Inner Mongolia, China. Eddy-covariance flux measurements at 50–100 m above ground were conducted in July 2009 using a weight-shift microlight aircraft. Wavelet decomposition of the turbulence data enables a spatial discretization of 90 m of the flux measurements. For a total of 8446 flux observations during 12 flights, MODIS land surface temperature (LST) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) in each flux footprint are determined. Boosted regression trees are then used to infer an environmental response function (ERF) between all flux observations (H, LE) and biophysical (LST, EVI) and meteorological drivers. Numerical tests show that ERF predictions covering the entire Xilin River catchment (≈3670 km2) are accurate to ≤18% (1 σ). The predictions are then summarized for each land cover type, providing individual estimates of source strength (36 W m−2 < H < 364 W m−2, 46 W m−2 < LE < 425 W m−2) and spatial variability (11 W m−2 < σH < 169 W m−2, 14 W m−2 < σLE < 152 W m−2) to a precision of ≤5%. Lastly, ERF predictions of land cover specific Bowen ratios are compared between subsequent flights at different locations in the Xilin River catchment. Agreement of the land cover specific Bowen ratios to within 12 ± 9% emphasizes the robustness of the presented approach. This study indicates the potential of ERFs for (i) extending airborne flux measurements to the catchment scale, (ii) assessing the spatial representativeness of long-term tower flux measurements, and (iii) designing, constraining and evaluating flux algorithms for remote sensing and numerical modelling applications.
Using data assimilation to investigate the causes of Southern Hemisphere high latitude cooling from 10 to 8 ka BP
Authors: Mathiot P. , Goosse H. , Crosta X. , Stenni B. , Braida M. , Renssen H. , Van Meerbeeck C. J. , Masson-Delmotte V. , Mairesse A. , Dubinkina S.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. From 10 to 8 ka BP (thousand years before present), paleoclimate records show an atmospheric and oceanic cooling in the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. During this interval, temperatures estimated from proxy data decrease by 0.8 °C over Antarctica and 1.2 °C over the Southern Ocean. In order to study the causes of this cooling, simulations covering the early Holocene have been performed with the climate model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM constrained to follow the signal recorded in climate proxies using a data assimilation method based on a particle filtering approach. The selected proxies represent oceanic and atmospheric surface temperature in the Southern Hemisphere derived from terrestrial, marine and glaciological records. Two mechanisms previously suggested to explain the 10–8 ka BP cooling pattern are investigated using the data assimilation approach in our model. The first hypothesis is a change in atmospheric circulation, and the second one is a cooling of the sea surface temperature in the Southern Ocean, driven in our experimental setup by the impact of an increased West Antarctic melting rate on ocean circulation. For the atmosphere hypothesis, the climate state obtained by data assimilation produces a modification of the meridional atmospheric circulation leading to a 0.5 °C Antarctic cooling from 10 to 8 ka BP compared to the simulation without data assimilation, without congruent cooling of the atmospheric and sea surface temperature in the Southern Ocean. For the ocean hypothesis, the increased West Antarctic freshwater flux constrainted by data assimilation (+100 mSv from 10 to 8 ka BP) leads to an oceanic cooling of 0.7 °C and a strengthening of Southern Hemisphere westerlies (+6%). Thus, according to our experiments, the observed cooling in Antarctic and the Southern Ocean proxy records can only be reconciled with the reconstructions by the combination of a modified atmospheric circulation and an enhanced freshwater flux.
Temporal stability of soil moisture patterns measured by proximal ground-penetrating radar
Authors: Minet J. , Verhoest N. E. C. , Lambot S. , Vanclooster M.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. We analyzed the temporal stability of soil moisture patterns acquired using a proximal ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in a 2.5 ha agricultural field at five different dates over three weeks. The GPR system was mounted on a mobile platform, allowing for real-time mapping of soil moisture with a high spatial resolution (2–5 m). The spatio-temporal soil moisture patterns were in accordance with the meteorological data and with soil moisture measurements from soil core sampling. Time-stable areas showing the field-average moisture could be revealed by two methods: (1) by the computation of temporal stability indicators based on relative differences of soil moisture to the field-average and (2) by the spatial intersection of the areas showing the field-average. Locations where the mean relative difference was below 0.02 m3 m−3 extended up to 10% of the field area whereas the intersection of areas showing the field-average within a tolerance of 0.02 m3 m−3 covered 5% of the field area. Compared to most of the previous studies about temporal stability of soil moisture, time-stable areas and their spatial patterns could be revealed instead of single point locations, owing to the advanced GPR method for real-time mapping. It is believed that determining spatially coherent time-stable areas is more informative rather than determining time-stable points. Other acquisitions over larger time periods would be necessary to assert the robustness of the time-stable areas.
Managing soil nitrate with cover crops and buffer strips in Sicilian vineyards
Authors: Novara A. , Gristina L. , Guaitoli F. , Santoro A. , Cerdà A.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. When soil nitrate levels are inadequate, plants suffer nitrogen deficiency but when the levels are excessive, nitrates (NO3-N) can pollute surface and subsurface waters. Strategies to reduce the nitrate pollution are necessary to reach a sustainable use of resources such as soil, water and plant. Buffer strips and cover crops can contribute to the management of soil nitrates, but little is known of their effectiveness in semiarid vineyards plantations. The experimental site, a 10 m wide and 80 m long area at the bottom of a vineyard was selected in Sicily. The soil between vine rows and upslope of the buffer strip (seeded with Lolium perenne) and non-buffer strips (control) was managed conventionally and with one of two cover crops (Triticum durum and Vicia sativa cover crop). Soil nitrate was measured monthly and nitrate movement was monitored by application of a 15N tracer to a narrow strip between the bottom of vineyard and the buffer and non-buffer strips. L. perenne biomass yield in the buffer strips and its isotopic nitrogen content were monitored. V. sativa cover crop management contribute with an excess of nitrogen, and the soil management determined the nitrogen content at the buffer areas. A 6 m buffer strip reduce the nitrate by 42% with and by 46% with a 9 m buffer strip.
The Corpse as Text:
Authors: Cervone Thea
Published: April 2013

When history and legend unite they produce a unique form of creative energy. In the case of the deaths of Charles I and Oliver Cromwell, that energy revolves around literary and folkloric efforts to establish a posthumous relationship between them. The two men “speak” to and about each other from beyond the grave in poems, treatises, epitaphs, and via ghost legend. This “dialogue” continues by way of each man's burial place and tomb monuments, sites that are used by the living to “locate” each man and establish his place in English memory. This posthumous relationship is imagined largely during the seventeenth century, but it persists into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Music Teacher Perceptions of Issues and Problems in Urban Elementary Schools
Authors: Doyle Jennifer
Published: April 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of music teachers in urban elementary schools. Title I public elementary schools (N = 221) in two counties in the Southeastern United States were surveyed for demographic information, and 71 of the music teachers from those schools participated in the survey designed for this study. The Doyle (2009) survey reported an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91. The survey was intended to accumulate data representing urban music education in respect to the independent variables of student demographics, teacher demographics, student/teacher demographic differences, teacher preparation, and teacher support; the dependent variables examined were teacher attitudes about urban elementary music teaching and teacher expectations of their urban elementary music students. Results indicated that most of the teachers mismatched demographically with their students. Teacher/student socioeconomic matches were correlated with Attitudes; teacher/student ethnicity and socioeconomic status matches were correlated with Expectations. Professional support was positively correlated with preparation. Support was negatively correlated with the socioeconomic variables, and positively correlated with both attitudes and expectations.
Influência do fogo no banco de sementes do solo em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual
Authors: Camargos Virgínia Londe de , Martins Sebastião Venâncio , Ribeiro Guido Assunção , Carmo Flávia Maria da Silva , Silva Alexandre Francisco da
Published: April 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988436Este estudo foi realizado no fragmento “Reserva da Biologia”, situado na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, (20º35’-28º50’S e 42º45’-43º00’W) onde foram instaladas 10 parcelas de 5 x 5 m interdistantes em 1 m. Foi realizada uma queima controlada nas parcelas instaladas, utilizando a técnica do fogo a favor do vento, obedecendo ao sentido do aclive. O objetivo foi caracterizar o banco de sementes do solo antes e depois do fogo, para verificar os efeitos desse distúrbio na densidade das populações e na composição florística da comunidade vegetal. No centro de cada parcela foi coletada uma amostra de solo de 40 x 25 cm, a partir da superfície da serapilheira até 5 cm de profundidade. Um dia após a coleta das amostras de solos as parcelas foram submetidas à queima controlada. Imediatamente após a queima foram realizadas novas coletas de solo seguindo a mesma metodologia adotada anteriormente. Foram obtidas 528 e 429 sementes germinadas das amostras do banco de sementes do solo antes e após o fogo, respectivamente, pertencentes a 23 espécies de 14 famílias botânicas, sendo as mais representativas Melastomataceae, Asteraceae e Urticaceae. Entre as duas amostragens (antes e após o fogo) não houve redução significativa da riqueza de espécies e a similaridade florística foi de 34 %. Miconia cinnamomifolia e Leandra purpurascens foram as espécies mais abundantes nas duas amostragens. As espécies pioneiras se destacaram com 44 e 40 % das espécies presentes no banco de sementes antes e após o fogo, respectivamente.
Germinação e vigor de sementes de Apeiba tibourbou submetidas ao estresse hídrico e diferentes temperaturas
Authors: Guedes Roberta Sales , Alves Edna Ursulino , Viana Jeandson Silva , Gonçalves Edilma Pereira , Lima Cosmo Rufino de , Santos Severino do Ramo Nascimento dos
Published: April 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988438A Apeiba tibourbou é uma espécie florestal pertencente à família Tiliaceae, conhecida popularmente como pau-de-jangada, que é bastante utilizada como planta ornamental, na medicina popular e sua madeira usada na fabricação de pequenas embarcações. Sementes dessa espécie foram escarificadas com lixa d’água nº80, por 5 minutos e submetidas a diferentes potenciais osmóticos, induzidos por polietilenoglicol (PEG-6000), com o objetivo de avaliar a sua resistência a condições de deficiência hídrica. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar a 25 e 30 ºC, nos potenciais osmóticos de 0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8 e -1,0 MPa. Avaliou-se a porcentagem, o índice de velocidade e a primeira contagem de germinação, bem como o comprimento e massa seca de plântulas. Pelos resultados obtidos observou-se que a velocidade e a porcentagem final de germinação foram significativamente reduzidas a partir de -0,2 MPa, em relação às sementes não submetidas ao estresse hídrico. O limite de resistência da espécie ao estresse hídrico situa-se entre -0,4 e -0,6 MPa.
Variação anual na abertura do dossel, temperatura e umidade do ar no sub-bosque de três ambientes florestais no sul da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Pinheiro Marayana Prado , Oliveira Filho Josafá Amaral de , França Solange , Amorim André Márcio , Mielke Marcelo Schramm
Published: April 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988445Visando contribuir para o conhecimento dos fatores físicos que afetam a estrutura da comunidade vegetal em remanescentes de mata atlântica do sul da Bahia foi analisada a variação anual do microclima do sub-bosque num fragmento de floresta de encosta na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra do Teimoso (RST) e num sistema agroflorestal rústico utilizado para o cultivo do cacau (Cabruca), localizado nas proximidades da RST. Dados da abertura do dossel (CO), da temperatura do ar (Ta), da umidade relativa do ar (RH) e do déficit de pressão de vapor (VPD) foram coletados entre abril de 2005 e abril de 2006 na base (RSTB, 340 m) e no topo (RSTT, 640 m) da RST e na Cabruca (CB, 250 m). Dados de precipitação pluvial, Ta, RH e VPD foram também coletados numa área aberta (OA, 270 m). As maiores precipitações (> 100 mm) ocorreram em Novembro de 2005 e Abril de 2006, enquanto outubro de 2005 foi o mês mais seco (< 20 mm). CO variou entre 2,5% na CB (Abril, 2006) e 7,7% na RST (Outubro, 2005). Os baixos valores de pluviosidade registrados em Outubro de 2005 afetaram VPDmax em todos os ambientes. Estes efeitos foram mais pronunciados em OA, seguido de CB, RSTB e RSTT. Os valores de Ta, RH e VPD em CB foram mais próximos aos valores observados em OA do que aos valores observados no interior da floresta.
Manejo do solo e crescimento inicial de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden em Argissolo
Authors: Prevedello Juliana , Kaiser Douglas Rodrigo , Reinert Dalvan José , Vogelmann Eduardo Saldanha , Fontanela Eracilda , Reichert José Miguel
Published: April 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988447O cultivo de espécies florestais de rápido crescimento tem aumentado no Brasil, devido à diversificação do uso de sua madeira e adaptação edafoclimática. No setor florestal, a técnica do cultivo mínimo tem se destacado como forma de aumentar a produtividade, garantindo a manutenção da biodiversidade e a conservação do solo. O presente estudo foi realizado na área experimental da Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Centro de Pesquisa em Florestas em Santa Maria – RS, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito dos métodos de preparo do solo na densidade, na resistência do solo à penetração e no desenvolvimento inicial das raízes e parte aérea do Eucalyptus grandis, em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico arênico com textura franco-arenosa. Foram comparados quatro manejos do solo: plantio direto, escarificado, escarificado mais grade niveladora e enxada rotativa, instalados em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. O solo sob plantio direto condicionou menor crescimento radicular e aéreo do eucalipto devido à maior resistência à penetração e densidade do solo, quando comparado aos preparos com mobilização. A análise da distribuição radicular no perfil, apesar de ser um método qualitativo, foi eficiente em demonstrar o efeito do preparo do solo para a implantação do Eucalyptus grandis. O preparo e a mobilização do solo resultaram em maior crescimento inicial de Eucalyptus grandis. Os efeitos da escarificação sobre as propriedades físicas do solo persistiram após um ano da mobilização do solo.
Relação entre concentrações foliares de carboidratos solúveis totais e tolerância ao frio em diferentes espécies de Eucalyptus spp.
Authors: Floriani Mireli Moura Pitz , Steffens Cristiano André , Chaves Djalma Miler , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini do , Pikart Tiago Georg , Ribeiro Maitê dos Santos
Published: April 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988450O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da rustificação sobre a tolerância ao frio em Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden, Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden e Eucalyptus saligna Sm., através da quantificação dos teores foliares de carboidratos solúveis totais e de prolina. Mudas das quatro espécies (com três meses de idade e cerca de 50 cm de altura) foram submetidas a dois períodos de rustificação (0 e 21 dias de exposição a temperaturas diurnas de 5 ºC e noturnas de 1 ºC), com fotoperíodo controlado de 12 horas. Ao final de cada período de rustificação, as mudas foram submetidas durante 3 horas a três gradientes de temperatura abaixo de zero (-2 ºC, -5 ºC e -8 ºC). Foram feitas avaliações das concentrações foliares de carboidratos solúveis totais e de prolina, da temperatura letal de 50 % (TL50) e do índice de dano ao frio. Não foi identificada a presença de prolina nos tecidos foliares das espécies avaliadas. No entanto, em mudas não rustificadas, observou-se diferenças entre as espécies quanto à concentração foliar de carboidratos, sendo maior em Eucalyptus benthamii, intermediária em Eucalyptus dunnii e Eucalyptus grandis, e menor em Eucalyptus saligna. A rustificação causou um aumento na concentração foliar de carboidratos de 2,9; 2,5; 2,8 e 1,3 vezes em Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus saligna e Eucalyptus grandis, respectivamente. Em mudas que não foram submetidas à rustificação, a TL50 foi mais baixa em Eucalyptus benthamii, intermediária em Eucalyptus dunnii e Eucalyptus grandis, e mais alta em Eucalyptus saligna. No entanto, com a rustificação das plantas não houve diferenças entre as espécies quanto à TL50. Observou-se que a TL50 diminuiu com a rustificação, exceto no Eucalyptus benthamii. Houve correlação negativa entre a concentração foliar de carboidratos solúveis totais e a TL50 nas espécies avaliadas. Os dados obtidos mostram que a concentração foliar de carboidratos solúveis totais pode ser utilizada como indicador de tolerância ao frio em espécies de Eucalyptus.
Distribuição e crescimento de Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. e Hevea spruceana (Benth.) Müll. Arg. em uma floresta inundável em Manaus, Amazonas
Authors: Marinho Tatiana Andreza da Silva , Lopes Aline , Assis Rafael Leandro de , Ramos Santiago Linorio Ferreyra , Gomes Liene Rocha Picanço , Wittmann Florian , Schöngart Jochen
Published: April 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988456Este estudo descreve a distribuição e determina a taxa anual de crescimento e a idade das árvores de Garcinia brasiliensis e de Hevea spruceana em uma floresta inundável na região de Manaus. Oito parcelas contíguas de 25 x 25 metros foram instaladas, onde todos os indivíduos das duas espécies com altura ≥ 1,0 m foram mapeados. O diâmetro, a altura das árvores e os níveis de inundação foram registrados para todos os indivíduos. A radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) foi medida em indivíduos da regeneração (≤ 10 cm diâmetro a altura do peito –dap). Foram calculadas a área basal e o volume para cada indivíduo, e determinados o padrão de crescimento e a idade das árvores utilizando métodos dendrocronológicos. Um total de 105 indivíduos foi amostrado, a maioria na classe de regeneração. Hevea spruceana apresentou o maior número de indivíduos (n=80), as maiores taxas de crescimento em dap e em altura. Garcinia brasiliensis (n=25) apresentou idade, dap e altura maiores do que Hevea spruceana. Ambas as espécies foram sujeitas a diferentes níveis de inundação e de radiação. A estrutura populacional e a distribuição dos indivíduos dessas espécies mostram ser, aparentemente, influenciadas pelas variações na topografia local em pequena escala. Os diferentes requerimentos por radiação destas espécies sugerem ocupação de diferentes nichos ecológicos.
Uma nova abordagem para o método geométrico usando o índice da parábola
Authors: Cabacinha Christian Dias , Scolforo José Roberto Soares , Thiersch Cláudio Roberto , Sales Nilza de Lima Pereira , Carvalho Letícia Renata de
Published: April 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988460O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma nova abordagem para o método geométrico, substituindo o coeficiente angular da reta pelo índice da parábola na geração de equações taper para estimar o volume de árvores individuais e comparar as estimativas de volume realizadas a partir desta nova abordagem com o volume obtido pela cubagem rigorosa de clones de eucalipto. A partir de modificações algébricas no índice da parábola e considerando os mesmos intervalos definidos para o método geométrico original, foram desenvolvidas expressões taper. De uma base de dados de 48 parcelas com 1819 árvores cubadas, 349 foram retiradas aleatoriamente para avaliação da nova abordagem proposta. Duas abordagens utilizando o índice da parábola foram propostas, uma usando dois diâmetros de apoio e outra usando um diâmetro de apoio na obtenção das equações taper. Os métodos foram então aplicados nas demais árvores amostradas e os volumes por parcela foram obtidos e comparados estatisticamente com o volume da parcela cubada. Os resultados mostraram que não existem diferenças entre os volumes estimados pelos métodos propostos e o volume da cubagem rigorosa. Portanto os mesmos podem ser usados com segurança nos inventários florestais.