bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Interviewers Navigate Child Abuse Disclosure After an Unproductive Start in Forensic Interviews
Authors: Garcia Francisco J. , Brubacher Sonja P. , Powell Martine B.
Published: July 2022

Obtaining abuse disclosure from children in forensic interviews can be challenging for interviewers. The present study explored strategies interviewers used when children did not disclose abuse in response to the initial invitation to provide the interview purpose. The sample included 116 forensic interviews with 4- to 16-year-olds who ultimately disclosed abuse (85% sexual). Interviewer strategies were coded following the non-productive initial invitation until the point of children’s eventual disclosure. Four main types of strategies were found: re-phrasing the initial transition prompt, asking a follow-up question, introducing prior information, and using a minimal encourager (e.g., “Uh-huh”). Strategies were coded as high- or low-quality. Consistent with predictions, 85% of children’s disclosures followed high-quality strategies. In a cycle of effective communication, such interviewer strategies predicted informative child responses, which then led to subsequent high-quality interviewer strategies. Both interviewers and children demonstrated consistency in their question and response patterns, respectively. Coupled with additional exploratory sequential analyses of interviewer-child reciprocal communication and the prior research literature, the present data suggest practical ways that interviewers can break ineffective cycles of communication in the process of obtaining child abuse disclosures.
Health Monitoring of Reuseable Rockets: Basics for Sensor Selection
Authors: Vennitti Andrea , Schmiel Tino , Bach Christian , Tajmar Martin
Published: July 2022

With regard to the space field, the number of the sensors has grown for a middle-sized spacecraft from more than 500 at the beginning of the twenty-first century [1] to several thousands for nowadays applications. Meanwhile, Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs) moved their steps from demonstrators to commercial working systems. As a result, Health Monitoring (HM) is conquered its own space in the field and sensors are the primary elements required for implementing a monitoring unit. The innovative concept of reusable rockets requires, from the point of view of HM implementation, not only the evaluation of the vehicle health status but also the prediction of the reusability of the individual subsystems w.r.t. the next launch cycle. Therefore, the goal of this work is divided in two parts. The former is to identify the most critical points for the development of reusable rockets, focusing on theoretical working conditions and analysis or failures. The latter is to discuss the sensing units useful for addressing the defined points, describing the possible innovative approaches for sensing the system conditions. Among them, piezoelectric units, fiber optics, imaging units, and conductive layers can be identified for enhancing the comprehension of the system working conditions.
Emotionalisierung der Politik als Herausforderung der Politischen Bildung – Schlaglichter auf eine fortwährende Debatte
Authors: Weber-Stein Florian
Published: July 2022

Mit der Brexit-Entscheidung und der Wahl Donald Trumps zum Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten im Jahr 2016, gefolgt vom erstmaligen Einzug der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in den Deutschen Bundestag 2017, ist das Thema ‚Emotion und Politik‘ auf die Agenda der Politischen Bildung geradezu gespült worden. Seitdem hat sich im Kontext Politischer Bildung ein reger Diskurs herausgebildet: Einerseits wird auf einer theoretischen und methodologischen Ebene nach der Bedeutung von Emotionen in politischen Lernprozessen gefragt. Ausgehend von der Erziehungswissenschaft hat dieser Diskurs inzwischen die geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Didaktiken erreicht und erste Forschungsarbeiten hervorgebracht. Andererseits geht es auf der Ebene praktischer politischer Bildungsarbeit, die angesichts der Herausforderung durch den Rechtspopulismus teilweise verunsichert ist und nach Orientierung sucht, um die Frage, welche Strategien im Umgang mit der Emotionalisierung von Politik im Allgemeinen und dem Rechtspopulismus im Besonderen tragfähig sind. Der Beitrag zieht anhand zentraler Veröffentlichungen der bildungs- und politikdidaktischen Literatur einen Zwischenstand in einer anhaltenden Diskussion.
Physio-biochemical and Agronomic Changes of Two Sugar Beet Cultivars Grown in Saline Soil as Influenced by Potassium Fertilizer
Authors: El-Mageed Taia A. Abd , Mekdad Ali A. A. , Rady Mohamed O. A. , Abdelbaky Ahmed S. , Saudy Hani S. , Shaaban Ahmed
Published: July 2022

In salt-affected soils, more than one approach should be adopted for minimizing the salinity impacts and enhancing the land productivity. The most effective practices in crop management under saline soil are choosing the plant type and variety and exploiting the best nutrient tactics. Under two soil salinity levels (3.54 and 9.28 dS m−1), representing low and high salinity, respectively), two sugar beet cultivars (Romulus and Francesca) were fertilized with three potassium (K) rates (48, 96, and 144 kg K ha−1), in addition to the check treatment (0 kg K ha−1). During two seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, treatments were distributed in a split-split plot design based on a randomized complete block arrangement with three replicates. Several physio-biochemical and agronomic traits, as well as leaf mineral contents and juice quality, were assessed. Briefly, findings illustrated that K at a rate of 144 kg ha−1 enhanced cell membrane stability, relative water content, and performance index by 1.17, 1.01, and 2.73 times, respectively, in high salinity soil, compared to low salinity × no K addition. Under high salinity, the addition of 48 and 144 kg K ha−1 recorded the highest values of total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity, respectively. In high salinity soil, K supplying (144 kg ha−1) caused the maximum improvements in gross and white sugar content with a decrease of 42.0% in sodium content and an increase of 35.9% in root yield ha−1. Romulus cultivar fertilized with 144 kg K ha−1 had the maximum relative water content, Fv/Fm, and performance index. Francesca cultivar with 144 kg K ha−1 was the potent combination for increasing total soluble sugars, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total antioxidant activity. Romulus cultivar fertilized with 144 kg K ha−1 was the best practice for improving all agronomic traits of sugar beet. It could be concluded that a high potassium rate, i.e., 144 kg K ha−1, reduced the injury ionic impacts of saline soils along with improving the genetic makeup of sugar beet cultivars, expressed in sugar yield and quality. However, all other attempts for reclamation of the saline soil should be adopted for increasing the potentiality of K fertilizer and enhancing gene expressions of different sugar beet varieties.
Numerical methods for the hyperbolic Monge-Ampère equation based on the method of characteristics
Authors: Bertens M. W. M. C. , Vugts E. M. T. , Anthonissen M. J. H. , ten Thije Boonkkamp J. H. M. , IJzerman W. L.
Published: July 2022

We present three alternative derivations of the method of characteristics (MOC) for a second order nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) in two independent variables. The MOC gives rise to two mutually coupled systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). As a special case we consider the Monge–Ampère (MA) equation, for which we present a general method of determining the location and number of required boundary conditions. We solve the systems of ODEs using explicit one-step methods (Euler, Runge-Kutta) and spline interpolation. Reformulation of the Monge–Ampère equation as an integral equation yields via its residual a proxy for the error of the numerical solution. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance and convergence of the methods.
Rectifiability of divergence-free fields along invariant 2-tori
Authors: Perrella David , Pfefferlé David , Stoyanov Luchezar
Published: July 2022

We find conditions under which the restriction of a divergence-free vector field B to an invariant toroidal surface S is rectifiable; namely constant in a suitable global coordinate system. The main results are similar in conclusion to Arnold’s Structure Theorems but require weaker assumptions than the commutation $$[B,\nabla \times B] = 0$$

[
B
,
∇
×
B
]
=
0

. Relaxing the need for a first integral of B (also known as a flux function), we assume the existence of a solution $$u: S \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

u
:
S
→
R

to the cohomological equation $$B\vert _S(u) = \partial _n B$$

B
|

S

(
u
)

=

∂
n

B

on a toroidal surface S mutually invariant to B and $$\nabla \times B$$

∇
×
B

. The right hand side $$\partial _n B$$

∂
n

B

is a normal surface derivative available to vector fields tangent to S. In this situation, we show that the field B on S is either identically zero or nowhere zero with $$B\vert _S/\Vert B\Vert ^2 \vert _S$$

B
|

S

/

‖
B
‖

2

|

S

being rectifiable. We are calling the latter the semi-rectifiability of B (with proportionality $$\Vert B\Vert ^2 \vert _S$$

‖
B
‖

2

|

S

). The nowhere zero property relies on Bers’ results in pseudo-analytic function theory about a generalised Laplace-Beltrami equation arising from Witten cohomology deformation. With the use of de Rham cohomology, we also point out a Diophantine integral condition where one can conclude that $$B\vert _S$$

B
|

S

itself is rectifiable. The rectifiability and semi-rectifiability of $$B\vert _S$$

B
|

S

is fundamental to the so-called magnetic coordinates, which are central to the theory of magnetically confined plasmas.
Association of Neighborhood Income with Clinical Outcomes Among Pregnant Patients with Cardiac Disease
Authors: Carland Corinne , Panelli Danielle M. , Leonard Stephanie A. , Bryant Eryn , Sherwin Elizabeth B. , Lee Christine J. , Levin Eleanor , Jimenez Shirin , Tremmel Jennifer A. , Tsai Sandra , Heidenreich Paul A. , Bianco Katherine , Khandelwal Abha
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of pregnancy mortality. Socioeconomic and racial disparities in pregnancy are well established. Despite this, little is known about the impact of social determinants of health in pregnant patients with heart disease. This study aims to determine whether pregnant patients with heart disease living in lower income neighborhoods and managed at cardio-obstetrics programs have higher rates of cardiac events or preterm deliveries compared with those living in higher income neighborhoods. This is a retrospective cohort study of 206 patients between 2010 and 2020 at a quaternary care hospital in Northern California. The exposure was household income level based on neighborhood defined by the US Census data. Patients in lower income neighborhoods (N = 103) were 45% Hispanic, 34% White, and 14% Asian versus upper income neighborhoods (N = 103), which were 48% White, 31% Asian, and 12% Hispanic (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rates of intrapartum cardiac events (10% vs. 4%; p = 0.16), postpartum cardiac events (14% vs. 17%; p = 0.7), and preterm delivery (24% vs. 17%; p = 0.23). The rates of antepartum hospitalization were higher for lower income neighborhoods (42% vs 22%; p = 0.004). While there is no significant difference in cardiac events and preterm delivery rates between patients from low versus high income neighborhoods, patients from lower income neighborhoods have higher antepartum hospitalization rates. Earlier identification of clinical deterioration provided by a cardio-obstetrics team may contribute to increased hospitalizations, which might mitigate socioeconomic disparities in outcomes for these pregnant patients with heart disease.
Early Use of Iloprost in Nonfreezing Cold Injury
Authors: Tam Adam , Lyons Thomas , Vennam Sarath , Barnes Rachel , Imray Christopher
Published: July 2022

Nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI) is caused by prolonged exposure to cold, usually wet conditions and represents a separate pathological entity from frostbite. The pathophysiology of NFCI is characterized by vasoconstriction and microcirculatory disturbance. Iloprost, a synthetic prostaglandin analogue with vasodilatory properties is a recognized adjuvant treatment in frostbite; however, its role in NFCI is unclear. We present a case of a 29-y-old man with severe NFCI to both forefeet after prolonged immersion in cold seawater. Initial treatment with passive rewarming, analgesia and aspirin was initiated. Infusion of iloprost was used within 24 h from presentation and was well tolerated. This resulted in reduced tissue loss compared to the apparent tissue damage documented during the initial assessment. Delayed surgical intervention allowed minor debridement and minor toe amputations, maintaining the patient’s ability to ambulate. This case demonstrates the safe use of iloprost in acute NFCI and highlights the importance of delayed surgical intervention in patients presenting with severe NFCI.
Claude Lévi-Strauss as a humanist forerunner of cultural macroevolution studies
Authors: Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R.
Published: July 2022

Cross-cultural studies of humans using methods developed in evolutionary biology and comparative linguistics are flourishing. ‘Cultural macroevolution’ has great potential to address fundamental questions of cultural transformation and human history. However, this field is poorly integrated with core cultural anthropology, although both aim in part at addressing similar issues. Claude Lévi-Strauss established a comparative approach searching for universals and documentation of diversity to bring understanding to cultural phenomena. Recognizing the nomothetic nature of Lévi-Strauss’ work, his abstraction and modelling, provides an example within anthropology of the search for universals and the study of big data, akin to cultural macroevolution studies. The latter could benefit, beyond the sophisticated analyses of big data mined from ethnographic work, from the integration with the intellectual legacy and practice of core anthropology and thus propitiate the synergistic interaction of disciplines. Attempts at rapprochement of disciplines from the natural sciences that lack pluralism and present a narrow view are deemed examples of ‘Wilson's effect’.
The hit-and-run version of top-to-random
Authors: Boardman Samuel , Rudolf Daniel , Saloff-Coste Laurent
Published: July 2022

We study an example of ahit-and-runrandom walk on the symmetric group$\mathbf S_n$. Our starting point is the well-understoodtop-to-randomshuffle. In the hit-and-run version, at eachsingle step, after picking the point of insertionjuniformly at random in$\{1,\ldots,n\}$, the top card is inserted in thejth positionktimes in a row, wherekis uniform in$\{0,1,\ldots,j-1\}$. The question is, does this accelerate mixing significantly or not? We show that, in$L^2$and sup-norm, this accelerates mixing at most by a constant factor (independent ofn). Analyzing this problem in total variation is an interesting open question. We show that, in general, hit-and-run random walks on finite groups have non-negative spectrum.
Education, public support for institutions, and the separation of powers
Authors: Cheruvu Sivaram
Published: July 2022

A successful democratic transition requires citizens to embrace a new set of political institutions. Citizens’ support is vital for these institutions to uphold the burgeoning constitutional and legal order. Courts, for example, often rely on citizens’ support and threat of electoral punishment against the government to enforce their rulings. In this article, I consider whether education under democracy can engender this support. Using regression discontinuity, difference-in-differences, and difference-in-difference-in-differences designs, I find an additional year of schooling after the fall of the Berlin Wall has similar positive downstream effects on East Germans’ support across institutions. Since schooling similarly affects public support for judicial, legislative, and executive institutions, citizens are not necessarily inclined to electorally punish the other branches when they ignore a court's ruling. This potential inability of courts to constrain unlawful government behavior threatens the foundation of the separation of powers and the survival of democracy.
Exploring miRNA-mRNA regulatory modules responding to tannic acid stress in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) via small RNA sequencing
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Tang Fang , Xu Meng , Shen Tengfei
Published: July 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) that regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation or degrading mRNA. Although the functions of miRNAs in many biological processes have been reported, there is currently no research on the possible roles of miRNAs in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) involved in the response of plant allelochemicals. In this article, six sRNA libraries (three treated with tanic acid and three control) from M. troglodyta were constructed using Illumina sequencing. From the results, 312 known and 43 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed. Notably, some of the most abundant miRNAs, such as miR-432, miR-541-3p, and miR-4448, involved in important physiological processes were also identified. To better understand the function of the targeted genes, we performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The results indicated that differentially expressed miRNA targets were involved in metabolism, development, hormone biosynthesis, and immunity. Finally, we visualized a miRNA-mRNA regulatory module that supports the role of miRNAs in host–allelochemical interactions. To our knowledge, this is the first report on miRNAs responding to tannic acid in M. troglodyta. This study provides indispensable information for understanding the potential roles of miRNAs in M. troglodyta and the applications of these miRNAs in M. troglodyta management.
Imagining a World without the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Authors: Elkins Zachary , Ginsburg Tom
Published: July 2022

abstract

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is thought to have shaped constitutions profoundly since its adoption in 1948. The authors identify two empirical implications that should follow from such influence. First, UDHR content should be reflected in subsequent national constitutions. Second, such reflections should bear the particular marks of the UDHR itself, not those of the postwar zeitgeist more broadly. The authors examine the historical evidence at various levels to identify and untangle the UDHR's impact. In a macro analysis, they leverage an original data set on the content of constitutions since 1789. They explore historical patterns in the creation and spread of rights, and test whether 1948 exhibits a noticeable disruption in rights provision. The authors build a multivariate model that predicts rights provision with constitution- and rights-level covariates. To gain further analytic leverage, they unearth the process that produced the UDHR and identify plausible alternative formulations evident in a set of discarded proposals. The authors further test the plausibility of UDHR influence by searching for direct references to the document in subsequent constitutional texts and constitutional proceedings. The evidence suggests that the UDHR significantly accelerated the adoption of a particular set of constitutional rights.
The utility of goods or actions? A neurophilosophical assessment of a recent neuroeconomic controversy
Authors: Petracca Enrico
Published: July 2022

The paper provides a neurophilosophical assessment of a controversy between two neuroeconomic models that compete to identify the putative object of neural utility: goods or actions. We raise two objections to the common view that sees the ‘good-based’ model prevailing over the ‘action-based’ model. First, we suggest extending neuroeconomic model discrimination to all of the models’ neurophilosophical assumptions, showing that action-based assumptions are necessary to explain real-world value-based decisions. Second, we show that the good-based model’s presumption of introducing a normative neural definition of economic choice would arbitrarily restrict the domain of economic choice and consequently of economics.
Canadian Wildfires: A Plague on Societies Well-Being, Inequities and Cohesion
Authors: Hertelendy Attila J. , Burkle Fredrick M. , Ciottone Gregory R.
Published: July 2022

Extreme heat and wildfires have health implications for everyone; however, minority and low-income populations are disproportionately negatively affected due to generations of social inequities and discriminatory practices. Indigenous people in Canada are at a higher risk of many chronic respiratory diseases, as well as other non-communicable diseases and hospitalization, compared to the general population. These wildfires occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated how disruptive compounding disasters can be, putting minority populations such as First Nations, Metis, and Inuit tribes at increased risk and decreased priority. Going forward, if the necessarily proactive mitigation and preparedness steps are not undertaken, the ability to attenuate health inequity in the indigenous community by building resiliency to wildfire disasters will be significantly hampered.
Impact of displacement context on psychological distress in refugees resettled in Australia: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Nickerson Angela , Kashyap Shraddha , Keegan David , Edwards Ben , Forrest Walter , Bryant Richard A. , O'Donnell Meaghan , Felmingham Kim , McFarlane Alexander C. , Tol Wietse A. , Lenferink Lonneke , Hoffman Joel , Liddell Belinda J.
Published: July 2022

Aims

Refugees typically spend years in a state of protracted displacement prior to permanent resettlement. Little is known about how various prior displacement contexts influence long-term mental health in resettled refugees. In this study, we aimed to determine whether having lived in refugee camps v. community settings prior to resettlement impacted the course of refugees' psychological distress over the 4 years following arrival in Australia.

Methods

Participants were 1887 refugees who had taken part in the Building a New Life in Australia study, which comprised of five annual face-to-face or telephone surveys from the year of first arrival in Australia.

Results

Latent growth curve modelling revealed that refugees who had lived in camps showed greater initial psychological distress (as indexed by the K6) and faster decreases in psychological distress in the 4 years after resettling in Australia, compared to those who had lived in community settings. Investigation of refugee camp characteristics revealed that poorer access to services in camps was associated with greater initial distress after resettlement, and greater ability to meet one's basic needs in camps was associated with faster decreases in psychological distress over time.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of the displacement context in influencing the course of post-resettlement mental health. Increasing available services and meeting basic needs in the displacement environment may promote better mental health outcomes in resettled refugees.
The impact of electrocution treatments on weed control and weed seed viability in soybean
Authors: Schreier Haylee , Bish Mandy , Bradley Kevin W.
Published: July 2022

Field experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to determine the effectiveness of electrocution on several weeds commonly encountered in Missouri soybean production using an implement known as The Weed Zapper™. In the first study, the effectiveness of electrocution on waterhemp, cocklebur, giant and common ragweed, horseweed, giant and yellow foxtail, and barnyardgrass was determined. Electrocution was applied when plants reached average heights and/or growth stages of 30 cm, 60 cm, flowering, pollination, and seed set. Electrocution was applied once or twice, at two different tractor speeds. Electrocution was more effective at the later plant growth stages. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that control of weed species was most related to plant height and amount of plant moisture at the time of electrocution. When plants contained seed at the time of electrocution, viability was reduced from 54% to 80% among the species evaluated. A second study determined the effect of electrocution on late-season waterhemp plants, and also soybean injury and yield. Electrocution timings took place throughout reproductive soybean growth stages. The control of waterhemp escapes within the soybean trial ranged from 51% to 97%. Yield of soybean electrocuted at the R4 and R6 growth stages was similar to that of the nontreated control, but soybean yield was reduced by 11% to 26% following electrocution at all other timings. However, the visual injury and yield loss observed in these experiments likely represents a worst-case scenario because growers who maintain a clear height differential between waterhemp and the soybean canopy would not need to maintain contact with the soybean canopy. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that electrocution as part of an integrated weed-management program could eliminate late-season herbicide-resistant weed escapes in soybean, and reduce the number and viability of weed seed that return to the soil seedbank.
Permeable Biofilms Can Support Persistent Hyporheic Anoxic Microzones
Authors: Xian Yang , Jin Menggui , Zhan Hongbin , Liang Xing
Published: July 2022

Experimental observations reveal the existence of anoxic microzones within oxygen‐rich aquatic sediments. The microzones are hotspots of enhanced removal of nitrate and production of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Here we established a new microscale flow, reactive transport and biofilm growth model and explore how anoxic microzones form and evolve within hyporheic zones under dynamic interactions among pore‐scale flow, reactive transport and biofilm growth. The microzones can form and evolve by two patterns as streambeds are progressively clogged due to biofilm growth: (a) physical and biogeochemical conditions‐dependent perennial microzones for permeable biofilms, and (b) physical and biogeochemical conditions‐independent ephemeral microzones for low permeability biofilms. During biofilm growth, persistent transport‐dominated systems sustain for the former, whereas the transformation of transport‐dominated to reaction‐dominated systems occurs for the latter. These findings are significantly different from previous single pattern of ephemeral microzones.
Meteoroid Fragmentation in the Martian Atmosphere and the Formation of Crater Clusters
Authors: Collins G. S. , Newland E. L. , Schwarz D. , Coleman M. , McMullan S. , Daubar I. J. , Miljković Katarina , Neidhart Tanja , Sansom Eleanor
Published: July 2022

The current rate of small impacts on Mars is informed by more than one thousand impact sites formed in the last 20 years, detected in images of the martian surface. More than half of these impacts produced a cluster of small craters formed by fragmentation of the meteoroid in the martian atmosphere. The spatial distributions, number and sizes of craters in these clusters provide valuable constraints on the properties of the impacting meteoroid population as well as the meteoroid fragmentation process. In this paper, we use a recently compiled database of crater cluster observations to calibrate a model of meteoroid fragmentation in Mars' atmosphere and constrain key model parameters, including the lift coefficient and fragment separation velocity, as well as meteoroid property distributions. The model distribution of dynamic meteoroid strength that produces the best match to observations has a minimum strength of 10–90 kPa, a maximum strength of 3–6 MPa and a median strength of 0.2–0.5 MPa. An important feature of the model is that individual fragmentation events are able to produce fragments with a wide range of dynamic strengths as much as 10 times stronger or weaker than the parent fragment. The calibrated model suggests that the rate of small impacts on Mars is 1.5–4 times higher than recent observation‐based estimates. It also shows how impactor properties relevant to seismic wave generation, such as the total impact momentum, can be inferred from cluster characteristics.
GANSim‐3D for Conditional Geomodeling: Theory and Field Application
Authors: Song Suihong , Mukerji Tapan , Hou Jiagen , Zhang Dongxiao , Lyu Xinrui
Published: July 2022

We present a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)‐based 3D reservoir simulation framework, GANSim‐3D, where the generator is progressively trained to capture geological patterns and relationships between various input conditioning data and output earth models, and is thus able to directly produce multiple 3D realistic and conditional earth models from given conditioning data. Conditioning data can include 3D sparse well facies data, probability maps, and global features, such as facies proportion. The generator only includes 3D convolutional layers, and once trained on a data set consisting of small‐size data cubes, it can be used for geomodeling of 3D reservoirs of large arbitrary sizes by simply extending the inputs. To illustrate how GANSim‐3D is practically used and to verify GANSim‐3D, a field karst cave reservoir in Tahe area of China is used as an example. The 3D well facies data and 3D probability map of caves obtained from geophysical interpretation are taken as conditioning data. First, we create training, validation, and test datasets consisting of 64 × 64 × 64‐size 3D cave facies models integrating field geological patterns, 3D well facies data, and 3D probability maps. Then, the 3D generator is trained and evaluated with various metrics. Next, we apply the pretrained generator for conditional geomodeling of two field cave reservoirs of size 64 × 64 × 64 and 336 × 256 × 96, respectively. The produced reservoir realizations prove to be diverse, consistent with field geological patterns and field conditioning data, and robust to noise in the 3D probability maps. Each realization with 336 × 256 × 96 cells only takes 0.988 s using 1 GPU.
How Can Silicone Wristbands Help Firefighters?
Authors: Tripathy-Lang Alka
Published: July 2022

Scientists are making strides in monitoring firefighters for pollutant exposure using silicone wristbands, which will become even more important as wildfires encroach on the built environment.
Low self-esteem and the formation of global self-performance estimates in emerging adulthood
Authors: Rouault Marion , Will Geert-Jan , Fleming Stephen M. , Dolan Raymond J.
Published: July 2022

High self-esteem, an overall positive evaluation of self-worth, is a cornerstone of mental health. Previously we showed that people with low self-esteem differentially construct beliefs about momentary self-worth derived from social feedback. However, it remains unknown whether these anomalies extend to constructing beliefs about self-performance in a non-social context, in the absence of external feedback. Here, we examined this question using a novel behavioral paradigm probing subjects’ self-performance estimates with or without external feedback. We analyzed data from young adults (N = 57) who were selected from a larger community sample (N = 2402) on the basis of occupying the bottom or top 10% of a reported self-esteem distribution. Participants performed a series of short blocks involving two perceptual decision-making tasks with varying degrees of difficulty, with or without feedback. At the end of each block, they had to decide on which task they thought they performed best, and gave subjective task ratings, providing two measures of self-performance estimates. We found no robust evidence of differences in objective performance between high and low self-esteem participants. Nevertheless, low self-esteem participants consistently underestimated their performance as expressed in lower subjective task ratings relative to high self-esteem participants. These results provide an initial window onto how cognitive processes underpinning the construction of self-performance estimates across different contexts map on to global dispositions relevant to mental health such as self-esteem.
Concurrent anxiety in patients with major depression and cerebral serotonin 4 receptor binding. A NeuroPharm-1 study
Authors: Köhler-Forsberg Kristin , Ozenne Brice , Larsen Søren V. , Poulsen Asbjørn S. , Landman Elizabeth B. , Dam Vibeke H. , Ip Cheng-Teng , Jørgensen Anders , Svarer Claus , Knudsen Gitte M. , Frokjaer Vibe G. , Jørgensen Martin B.
Published: July 2022

Concurrent anxiety is frequent in major depressive disorder and a shared pathophysiological mechanism between anxiety and other depressive symptoms is plausible. The serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R) has been implicated in both depression and anxiety. This is the first study to investigate the association between the cerebral 5-HT4R binding and anxiety in patients with depression before and after antidepressant treatment and the association to treatment response. Ninety-one drug-free patients with depression were positron emission tomography scanned with the 5-HT4R ligand [11C]-SB207145. Depression severity and concurrent anxiety was measured at baseline and throughout 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Anxiety measures included four domains: anxiety/somatization factor score; Generalized Anxiety Disorder 10-items (GAD-10) score; anxiety/somatization factor score ≥7 (anxious depression) and syndromal anxious depression. Forty patients were rescanned at week 8. At baseline, we found a negative association between global 5-HT4R binding and both GAD-10 score (p < 0.01) and anxiety/somatization factor score (p = 0.06). Further, remitters had a higher baseline anxiety/somatization factor score compared with non-responders (p = 0.04). At rescan, patients with syndromal anxious depression had a greater change in binding relative to patients with non-syndromal depression (p = 0.04). Concurrent anxiety in patients with depression measured by GAD-10 score and anxiety/somatization factor score is negatively associated with cerebral 5-HT4R binding. A lower binding may represent a subtype with reduced natural resilience against anxiety in a depressed state, and concurrent anxiety may influence the effect on the 5-HT4R from serotonergic antidepressants. The 5-HT4R is a promising neuroreceptor for further understanding the underpinnings of concurrent anxiety in patients with depression.
Psychiatric symptoms are not associated with circulating CRP concentrations after controlling for medical, social, and demographic factors
Authors: Figueroa-Hall Leandra K. , Xu Bohan , Kuplicki Rayus , Ford Bart N. , Burrows Kaiping , Teague T. Kent , Sen Sandip , Yeh Hung-Wen , Irwin Michael R. , Savitz Jonathan , Paulus Martin P.
Published: July 2022

Elevated serum concentrations (>3 mg/L) of the acute-phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), is used as a clinical marker of inflammation and is reported to be a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In psychiatric populations, CRP concentration is reported to be higher in depressed versus healthy individuals. Positive associations between CRP and depression have been established in both clinical and community samples, but effect sizes are attenuated after controlling for confounding variables. Similarly, emerging research has begun to draw a link between inflammation, symptoms of anxiety, and substance abuse. Given the high level of comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders in many depressed populations, this study examined whether depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ-9]) and substance use-related (Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST]) symptoms were associated with CRP concentrations in the blood after adjusting for relevant medical, social, and demographic covariates in a large sample undergoing screening for several transdiagnostic psychiatric research studies. A total of 1,724 participants were analyzed for association of CRP with variables using multivariate linear regression. An unadjusted model with no covariates showed that PHQ-9 was significantly associated with CRP in All (β = 0.125), Female (β = 0.091), and Male (β = 0.154) participants, but DAST was significantly associated with CRP in males only (β = 0.120). For the adjusted model, in both males and females, mood-stabilizer treatment (β = 0.630), opioid medication (β = 0.360), body mass index (β = 0.244), percent body fat (β = 0.289), nicotine use (β = 0.063), and self-reported sleep disturbance (β = 0.061) were significantly associated with increased CRP concentrations. In females, oral contraceptive use (β = 0.576), and waist-to-hip ratio (β = 0.086), and in males, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (β = 0.367) were also associated with increased CRP concentrations. There was no significant association between CRP and individual depressive, anxiety, or substance use-related symptoms when covariates were included in the regression models. These results suggest that associations between circulating CRP and the severity of psychiatric symptoms are dependent on the type of covariates controlled for in statistical analyses.
A scoring system for AML patients aged 70 years or older, eligible for intensive chemotherapy: a study based on a large European data set using the DATAML, SAL, and PETHEMA registries
Authors: Bérard Emilie , Röllig Christoph , Bertoli Sarah , Pigneux Arnaud , Tavitian Suzanne , Kramer Michael , Serve Hubert , Bornhäuser Martin , Platzbecker Uwe , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Baldus Claudia D. , Martínez-Cuadrón David , Serrano Josefina , Martínez-Sánchez Pilar , Arbolí Eduardo Rodríguez , Gil Cristina , Bergua Juan , Bernal Teresa , de la Fuente Burguera Adolfo , Delabesse Eric , Bidet Audrey , Dumas Pierre-Yves , Montesinos Pau , Récher Christian
Published: July 2022

In a context of therapeutic revolution in older adults with AML, it is becoming increasingly important to select patients for the various treatment options by taking account of short-term efficacy and toxicity as well as long-term survival. Here, the data from three European registries for 1,199 AML patients aged 70 years or older treated with intensive chemotherapy were used to develop a prognostic scoring system. The median follow-up was 50.8 months. In the training set of 636 patients, age, performance status, secondary AML, leukocytosis, and cytogenetics, as well as NPM1 mutations (without FLT3-ITD), were all significantly associated with overall survival, albeit not to the same degree. These factors were used to develop a score that predicts long-term overall survival. Three risk-groups were identified: a lower, intermediate and higher-risk score with predicted 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities of ≥12% (n = 283, 51%; median OS = 18 months), 3–12% (n = 226, 41%; median OS = 9 months) and <3% (n = 47, 8%; median OS = 3 months), respectively. This scoring system was also significantly associated with complete remission, early death and relapse-free survival; performed similarly in the external validation cohort (n = 563) and showed a lower false-positive rate than previously published scores. The European Scoring System ≥70, easy for routine calculation, predicts long-term survival in older AML patients considered for intensive chemotherapy.
A unique Smith-Magenis patient with a de novo intragenic deletion on the maternally inherited overexpressed RAI1 allele
Authors: Sironi Alessandra , Bestetti Ilaria , Masciadri Maura , Tumiatti Francesca , Crippa Milena , Pantaleoni Chiara , Russo Silvia , D’Arrigo Stefano , Milani Donatella , Larizza Lidia , Finelli Palma
Published: July 2022

RAI1 is a dosage-sensitive gene whose decreased or increased expression by recurrent and non-recurrent 17p11.2 deletions or duplications causes Smith-Magenis (SMS) or Potocki-Lupski syndromes (PTLS), respectively. Here we report on a 21-year-old female patient showing SMS phenotype who was found to carry a 3.4 kb de novo intragenic RAI1 deletion. Interestingly, a significant increase in RAI1 transcript levels was identified in the patient’s, brother’s and mother’s peripheral blood cells. Allele-specific dosage analysis revealed that the patient’s maternally inherited overexpressed RAI1 allele harbors the intragenic deletion, confirming the SMS diagnosis due to the presence of a single wild-type RAI1 functional allele. The mother and brother do not present any PTLS neurologic/behavioral clinical features. Extensive sequencing of RAI1 promoter and predicted regulatory regions showed no potential causative variants accounting for gene overexpression. However, the mother and both children share a novel private missense variant in RAI1 exon 3, currently classified as a VUS (uncertain significance), though predicted by two bioinformatic tools to disrupt the binding site of one specific transcription factor. The reported familial case, the second showing RAI1 overexpression in the absence of RAI1 duplication, may help to understand the regulation of RAI1 dosage sensitivity although its phenotypic effect remains to be determined.
Atomic-resolution structures from polycrystalline covalent organic frameworks with enhanced cryo-cRED
Authors: Li Jian , Lin Cong , Ma Tianqiong , Sun Junliang
Published: July 2022

The pursuit of atomic precision structure of porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is the key to understanding the relationship between structures and properties, and further developing new materials with superior performance. Yet, a challenge of how to determine their atomic structures has always existed since the first COFs reported seventeen years ago. Here, we present a universal method for ab initio structure determination of polycrystalline three-dimensional (3D) COFs at atomic level using enhanced cryo-continuous rotation electron diffraction (cryo-cRED), which combines hierarchical cluster analysis with cryo-EM technique. The high-quality datasets possess not only up to 0.79-angstrom resolution but more than 90% completeness, leading to unambiguous solution and precise refinement with anisotropic temperature factors. With such a powerful method, the dynamic structures with flexible linkers, degree of interpenetration, position of functional groups, and arrangement of ordered guest molecules are successfully revealed with atomic precision in five 3D COFs, which are almost impossible to be obtained without atomic resolution structure solution. This study demonstrates a practicable strategy for determining the structures of polycrystalline COFs and other beam-sensitive materials and to help in the future discovery of novel materials on the other.
Precision cancer sono-immunotherapy using deep-tissue activatable semiconducting polymer immunomodulatory nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jingchao , Luo Yu , Zeng Ziling , Cui Dong , Huang Jiaguo , Xu Chenjie , Li Liping , Pu Kanyi , Zhang Ruiping
Published: July 2022

Nanomedicine holds promise to enhance cancer immunotherapy; however, its potential to elicit highly specific anti-tumor immunity without compromising immune tolerance has yet to be fully unlocked. This study develops deep-tissue activatable cancer sono-immunotherapy based on the discovery of a semiconducting polymer that generates sonodynamic singlet oxygen (1O2) substantially higher than other sonosensitizers. Conjugation of two immunomodulators via 1O2-cleavable linkers onto this polymer affords semiconducting polymer immunomodulatory nanoparticles (SPINs) whose immunotherapeutic actions are largely inhibited. Under ultrasound irradiation, SPINs generate 1O2 not only to directly debulk tumors and reprogram tumor microenvironment to enhance tumor immunogenicity, but also to remotely release the immunomodulators specifically at tumor site. Such a precision sono-immunotherapy eliminates tumors and prevents relapse in pancreatic mouse tumor model. SPINs show effective antitumor efficacy even in a rabbit tumor model. Moreover, the sonodynamic activation of SPINs confines immunotherapeutic action primarily to tumors, reducing the sign of immune-related adverse events.
Relativistic Bohmian trajectories of photons via weak measurements
Authors: Foo Joshua , Asmodelle Estelle , Lund Austin P. , Ralph Timothy C.
Published: July 2022

Bohmian mechanics is a nonlocal hidden-variable interpretation of quantum theory which predicts that particles follow deterministic trajectories in spacetime. Historically, the study of Bohmian trajectories has mainly been restricted to nonrelativistic regimes due to the widely held belief that the theory is incompatible with special relativity. Here, we present an approach for constructing the relativistic Bohmian-type velocity field of single particles. The advantage of our proposal is that it is operational in nature, grounded in weak measurements of the particle’s momentum and energy. We apply our weak measurement formalism to obtain the relativistic spacetime trajectories of photons in a Michelson–Sagnac interferometer. The trajectories satisfy quantum-mechanical continuity and the relativistic velocity addition rule. We propose a modified Alcubierre metric which could give rise to these trajectories within the paradigm of general relativity.
Anisotropic magnon damping by zero-temperature quantum fluctuations in ferromagnetic CrGeTe3
Authors: Chen Lebing , Mao Chengjie , Chung Jae-Ho , Stone Matthew B. , Kolesnikov Alexander I. , Wang Xiaoping , Murai Naoki , Gao Bin , Delaire Olivier , Dai Pengcheng
Published: July 2022

Spin and lattice are two fundamental degrees of freedom in a solid, and their fluctuations about the equilibrium values in a magnetic ordered crystalline lattice form quasiparticles termed magnons (spin waves) and phonons (lattice waves), respectively. In most materials with strong spin-lattice coupling (SLC), the interaction of spin and lattice induces energy gaps in the spin wave dispersion at the nominal intersections of magnon and phonon modes. Here we use neutron scattering to show that in the two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals honeycomb lattice ferromagnetic CrGeTe3, spin waves propagating within the 2D plane exhibit an anomalous dispersion, damping, and breakdown of quasiparticle conservation, while magnons along the c axis behave as expected for a local moment ferromagnet. These results indicate the presence of dynamical SLC arising from the zero-temperature quantum fluctuations in CrGeTe3, suggesting that the observed in-plane spin waves are mixed spin and lattice quasiparticles fundamentally different from pure magnons and phonons.
Enhancing fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing capabilities with blind near-field array signal processing
Authors: Muñoz Felipe , Soto Marcelo A.
Published: July 2022

Distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) can monitor mechanical vibrations along thousands independent locations using an optical fibre. The measured acoustic waveform highly varies along the sensing fibre due to the intrinsic uneven DAS longitudinal response and distortions originated during mechanical wave propagation. Here, we propose a fully blind method based on near-field acoustic array processing that considers the nonuniform response of DAS channels and can be used with any optical fibre positioning geometry having angular diversity. With no source and fibre location information, the method can reduce signal distortions and provide relevant signal-to-noise ratio enhancement through sparse beamforming spatial filtering. The method also allows the localisation of the two-dimensional spatial coordinates of acoustic sources, requiring no specific fibre installation design. The method offers distributed analysis capabilities of the entire acoustic field outside the sensing fibre, enabling DAS systems to characterise vibration sources placed in areas far from the optical fibre.