bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment methods for children with severe asthma in and abroad
Authors: Hara Akemi
Published: August 2023

Asthma is one of the common chronic diseases in children, and so far there is no cure for asthma. Asthma sufferers are estimated to be more than 300 million people worldwide, and the number of asthma treatments is growing every year. In recent years, thanks to advances in therapeutic medicines, asthma symptoms can now be successfully controlled with inhaled corticosteroids and, if necessary, in combination with bronchodilators. However, even with maximum use of these drugs, the effect may be insufficient, and there are still some patients with refractory asthma that are not adequately controlled with general treatment. Drugs called biologics may become a drug that works well for previously poorly treated asthma and is recently available in children with severe asthma. Three biologics are currently available for use in children: omalizumab, mepolizumab (6 years and older), and dupilumab (12 years and older). However, there is still a lack of clinical research evidence for the specific clinical improvement rate. Therefore, in this study, this paper conducted a literature review on the latest clinical trials of biological agents at home and abroad, summarized the clinical trials of common biological agents, and introduced the latest treatment methods. The differences and deficiencies between each other achieve the effect of enhancing the prevention and cognition of asthma.
RNA interference: from target validation to therapeutics
Authors: Zhu Wenda
Published: August 2023

Generally, a new targeted medicine takes a long time, usually 5 to 15 years, from the discovery and validation of its target to its actual use in treating a disease. There is no doubt that steps such as target validation and target evaluation are essential in preclinical development of new drugs to ensure safety, bioavailability, and efficacy of the drug, and in the target validation phase, RNA interference (RNAi) is a very important method. RNAi drug has double-stranded RNA function, so the targeted mRNA of a specific gene sequence is degraded, its transcription process is abnormal, which leads to gene silencing, and related protein synthesis failure. RNAi technology could specifically shut off specific genes, and, it is a targeted drug with great potential. Therefore, RNAi technology can be used to treat some rare diseases, such as acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) in adults, by using drugs as carriers. In 1998, Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello first defined the RNAi phenomenon and was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006 for their discovery of RNAi and their outstanding contributions to the field of gene silencing. Since then, RNAi drugs have been studied by pharmaceutical scientists around the world, but many of the previous drugs have been stopped at the evaluation stage due to their chemical instability. Until October 2018, the worlds first RNAi drug (patisiran) was successfully marketed so that the RNAi drug development became popular again because of remarkable pesticide effect.
Effect of dietary patterns on the prognosis of breast cancer patients
Authors: Gan Jing
Published: August 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is a serious threat to women's health. Higher BC risk is allegedly related to personal lifestyle like diet. However, it is still unclear how dietary quality affect BC survivors. This meta-analyse aimed to figure out it. The highest and lowest categories of healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns were compared by using the random-effects meta-analyses, which combined relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that were multivariable-adjusted. 11 eligible articles, including two RCTs, three case-control studies, and six cohort studies, were found and included in this paper after they met the inclusion criteria. According to the pooled analyses, when compared to the lowest group, women with the highest quality healthy diet (highest quintile/quartile/tertile) had 24% lower risk of overall death(random effects (RR = 0.76; 95%CI = 0.67-0.86), 16% lower risk of BC specific death (random effects (RR = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.75-0.94), 28% lower risk of No-BC death (random effects (RR = 0.72; 95%CI = 0.63-0.83),and 4% higher risk of recurrence (random effects (RR = 1.04; 95%CI = 0.97-1.12). According to our meta-analysis, consuming a high-quality healthy diet was linked to a lower risk of all-cause death. The results could have significant effects on encouraging the use of daily dietary treatment regimen to benefit breast cancer patients. To achieve better long-term survival and better quality of life for BC patients, definitively establishing effective interventions will necessarily require further researches.
The public health risks of e-cigarettes: a systematic review
Authors: Wu Yunwei
Published: August 2023

With the relevant anti-smoking policy introduced by the state, people realized the significance of smoking cessation. Therefore, E-cigarettes were regarded as a replacement of cigarettes. The analysis, which is about prevalence trends, the reason about taking systematical review, and the value of systematical review, explains this reviews stand. In this paper, the 9 articles from PubMed was collected and organized for classification.The dangers of human health is caused by the special component of e-cigarettes. Generally speaking, some countries legislate measures related to tobacco control have not fully met the requirements of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and played a role in protecting people from tobacco hazards, displaying in the lack of smoke-free legislation in public places at the national level, relatively low tobacco consumption taxes, no comprehensive ban on tobacco sponsorship. The control of e-cigarettes as tobacco products in many countries may not achieve the purpose of strict regulation. The authority believed to add punishment to people who sell novel flavor e-cigarettes should let them take legal responsibility. Furthermore, schools should increase publicity and education about public and individual health, to promote peoples health awareness and stop them from using e-cigarettes at a relatively young age.The objective of this review is to spot literature and describe the effects of e-cigarettes on public human health. Through researching and comparing articles, this article discusses the reason of smoking, the lack in policies in public health, and the solutions what people should take.
Research on the role of hippocampus in memory consolidation
Authors: Yan Zhichen
Published: August 2023

The length of time needed to recover memories in the hippocampus area varies greatly across the existing theories of system-level consolidation. These competing hypotheses do, however, have connections. The standard consolidation theory, multiple trace theory, and scene construction theory are the three existing models that are examined in this study. After reexamining their features, the authors test whether the three models can be integrated in terms of trace duration and function. It is better to think of the hippocampus's contribution to system-level consolidation as a functional transition from retention to rebuilding through time rather than just a question of persistence. The involvement of the hippocampus in memory retrieval may be fitted into a more thorough model in terms of functional transformation since the two functions, retention and reconstruction, are of equal significance and can scarcely be divided into two sections.
The advantages and disadvantages of different types of vaccines: DNA vaccine, mRNA vaccine, and inactivated vaccine
Authors: Chen Yinglin
Published: August 2023

The use of vaccines to combat disease by humans has been ongoing for centuries and has produced significant results. However, with the development of technology, different types of vaccines have emerged, and often people are confused as to which is the best. This paper have analyzes three main types of vaccines that have been developed and commercialized: DNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and inactivated vaccines, to gain insight into the issues associated with vaccines. This paper explained the mechanisms of action and the process of their production, and identified some of their potential advantages and disadvantages. Finally, this study draw the conclusion that each type of vaccine has unique properties that cannot be replaced by others and that it was not easy to determine the best among them.
Association of tau protein and Alzheimers disease
Authors: Lin Ketong
Published: August 2023

Alzheimers disease (AD) is a kind of neurodegeneration disease and often happens in older people. Age is an influencing factor in the prevalence of AD. Up to now, AD is still difficult to cure and only limited medications can relieve some of the symptoms. Therefore, research on the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases has become more and more popular in recent years. Multiple studies offer some proof that the tau protein mutation and AD are related. This review described the structure and the purpose of the tau protein. The linkage between abnormal tau mutation and AD is further clarified, and a summary of two medications for AD is also included.
Overview of hydrogenated vegetable oil
Authors: Qiu Haoran
Published: August 2023

People are always amazed by the crunchiness of a great cookie or cupcake. What are the substances involved? The author discovered a chemical dubbed "trans-fat" in the nutrition table while browsing it. We discovered that trans-fat is formed by hydrogenated vegetable oil through data collection. Hydrogenated vegetable oil is extensively used in foods such as cream, biscuits, and ice cream. People taste and appreciate the food at the same time. People are wondering about whether these butter goods are beneficial to their bodies and how much they should eat on a daily basis when they taste the cuisine. This research using a literature review examines how hydrogenated vegetable oil is produced and used, as well as how it affects the human body. This study uses the strengths of previous authors' work to determine how to lower the trans fatty acid content of hydrogenated vegetable oil products and how much trans fatty acid-containing hydrogenated vegetable oil products should be consumed daily.
Current drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Long Changjing
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the four biggest killers of the elderly, along with heart disease, lung cancer and cerebrovascular disease. However, the current understanding of the underlying causes and treatment of AD is based only on some hypotheses, which makes our research on AD urgent. Based on the common inducing hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease, such as -amyloid deposition hypothesis, tau protein phosphorylation hypothesis, and viral infection hypothesis, this article will search and summarize a variety of specific drugs for different pathological hypotheses in the medical community, including those that have been marketed and those that have shown good therapeutic effects in clinical trials. Find, understand and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each specific drug, so as to better and faster help to study the latest specific drug for Alzheimer's disease, and change the quality of life and physical condition of people with Alzheimer's disease and their families.
The role and mechanism of adipose stem cells in facial anti-aging
Authors: Wang Jiuhong
Published: August 2023

ADSCs are stem cells found in adipose tissue that can self-renew in vitro and undergo multidirectional differentiation in containers. They may have anti-aging effects through their growth factors as well as their multidirectional differentiation function. In this paper, we searched PubMed, Web Of Science, CNKI, and other databases for related articles in recent years through relevant keywords, and the results showed that ADSCs have significant effects on facial anti-aging such as inhibiting skin wrinkle increase, whitening facial skin, and promoting hair regeneration. This paper presents a multifaceted analysis of the underlying mechanisms of action and related research on the application of adipose stem cells in facial skin anti-aging. It will enable medical aesthetic physicians to have a better understanding of the role and mechanism of ADSCs in facial anti-aging so that they can better provide healthy and standardized medical aesthetic services.
A review of Lapatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer treatment development
Authors: Huang Ashley
Published: August 2023

Metastatic breast cancer continues to have high mortality rates despite the numerous advances in drug therapy. Breast cancer patients have acquired resistance to current treatments, and severe adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity caused by Trastuzumab, further contribute to the high mortality rate. Therefore, novel drugs with greater specificity and less severe adverse effects must be developed to combat the rise in treatment resistance. Lapatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is an attractive drug of choice since lapatinib is not associated with cardiotoxicity, given its greater specificity to HER2 receptors compared to trastuzumab. This review provides a brief overview of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their overall mechanism of action in treating HER2+ cancers. The study further summarizes the mechanism of action of Lapatinib, its pharmacokinetic properties, its clinical applications, the tools of the act of lapatinib resistance, and recent advances in developing derivatives of Lapatinib to combat lapatinib-acquired resistance.
COVID-19 policies: Analysis and implication
Authors: Wang Yuanhao
Published: August 2023

Since the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 from China to different parts of the world, every countrys government has tried their best in conducting policies to protect their people and their economy. Their approaches can be generally classified into three types, moderatism represented by Singapore, conservatism represented by China and liberalism represented by the United States. To investigate the effectiveness of these measures, the data about the economy (in particular the Gross Domestic Product) as well as about the coronavirus (in particular the fatality rate and the number of confirmed cases) is studied and analysed. The relationship between GDP and the number of confirmed cases can be deducted. The development of the virus against time can be simulated and discussed. The results and further discussions can be helpful in clearing the pandemic from the Earth especially from less developed countries and in better preparing us when facing future possible pandemics.
The effect of the Mediterranean diet on obesity
Authors: Liu Jiaqi
Published: August 2023

Due to the rising prevalence of obesity, it has become a major public health problem. This paper explores the effects of the Mediterranean diet on obesity and the possible mechanisms through literature research. According to the findings, a strong adherence to the Mediterranean diet was linked to greater weight loss and a lower risk of obesity. Prevention of obesity is key, and strategies to change the eating habits of people are needed to slow the progression of obesity prevalence.
The influence of vortices on hemodynamics in blood vessels
Authors: Weng Yiming
Published: August 2023

Blood flow in vessels is affected by several factors like vessel shape, blood thickness, and heart function. Swirling patterns of flow, called vortices, are often seen in blood vessels and can affect how blood flows. This study aims to understand how vortices affect blood flow and the reasons behind these changes. Different instruments, like particle image velocimetry (PIV), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were used to measure and analyze blood flow. CFD simulations were done using realistic blood vessel models to study how vortices form and how they affect blood velocity and pressure. The results show that vortices can cause significant changes in blood velocity and pressure, which can lead to changes in blood flow. The increased wall shear stress may contribute to the development of heart disease. This research highlights the importance of considering the impact of vortices on blood flow dynamics when designing and assessing cardiovascular devices and treatments.
The inverse relationship between income and the prevalence of dementia in high-income nations
Authors: Jiang Shan
Published: August 2023

Dementia continues to be a serious problem worldwide. A negative relationship between the prevalence of dementia and the level of socioeconomic status (SES), such as income can be observed in most countries. The aim of the study in this paper is to explore the possible pathways that contribute to this negative relationship. This article analyses and presents three possible causes of health inequalities between SES gradients in dementia and possible solutions to them, through a large collection of articles. Differences in health literacy, housing levels and social support caused by SES such as different incomes lead to social inequalities in health through behavioral/cultural pathway material pathway and psychosocial pathway respectively.
T-cells roles and potentials as a therapeutic target in human sepsis
Authors: Zhang Muqing
Published: August 2023

Sepsis is a severe syndrome that is associated with both inflammatory responses and immune system dysfunctions. The most frequent location of injuries caused by sepsis is the respiratory system, followed by the digestive system, and the circulatory system. Researchers have revealed the relationship between T cells and sepsis. To be specific, during the pathology of sepsis, T cells could be damaged, deactivated, and inhibited, while they could also act as an agent that amplifies the sepsis syndrome. This paper focuses on analyzing 3 types of T cells: CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells. The populations of the first two types would be reduced, while the functions of regulatory T cells could lead to further immunosuppression during sepsis. Although to date there is no effective treatment to cure this disease, treatment plans targeting immune stimulation and Treg suppression are also examined and analyzed in depth in this paper.
Research on factors associated with lung cancer
Authors: Jin Yueyang , Qiao Yudi , Yang Haiqing
Published: August 2023

Lung cancer has become one of the most widely infected cancers around the world and is getting more attention from scientists and the public. Thus, based on the dataset Lung Cancer uploaded on Kaggle in 2022, this paper reviews previous research on risk factors about their effects and mechanisms on lung cancer. Besides, by transforming categorical variables into numerical ones and using chi-square tests of independence, this paper examines whether independent variables in the dataset are associated with lung cancer development. This paper finds that variables gender, smoking, chronic disease and shortness of breath are not tested associated with lung cancer development; variable yellow finger and the other nine independent variables are tested as factors contributing to lung cancer. Identifying these risk factors and analyzing their mechanisms can effectively help people prevent lung cancer and support the development of lung cancer treatment.
Analysis on the effect of genes on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Zang Jiayi
Published: August 2023

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive weakness and atrophy of the muscles including the bulb (the part of the muscles innervated by the medulla oblongata), limbs, trunk, chest, and abdomen following injury to upper and lower motor neurons. However, the reasons for developing ALS are still not very clear. Both genetic defects and environmental factors may damage motor neurons. At present, ALS is a difficult disease to cure. For environmental factors, people can change their lifestyles to reduce or avoid the effects of the environment. However, inherited genetic defects are hard to avoid. Therefore, in this paper, the author explores the treatment of ALS by analyzing and summarizing a large number of papers and experimental studies learning the relationship between genes and ALS. In conclusion, the gene TARDBP and the gene C9ORF72 were found in a large number of disease-causing genes. Mutations in these genes can lead to changes in the encoded proteins that cause the development of ALS disease.
Mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase and therapeutic modalities
Authors: Chen Kaijia
Published: August 2023

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is crucial in the metabolism pathway that converts isocitrate to -ketoglutarate. When isocitrate dehydrogenase is mutated, IDH produces 2-hydroxyglutarate instead of alpha-ketoglutarate. The newly formed IDH, with the ability to dysregulate the metabolic pathways of cells, can potentially lead to the development of cancer. The mutation leads to malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia and glioma. Current treatment for IDH-related malignancies includes IDH inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, immunotherapies, and cancer vaccination. The development of a cancer vaccine requires the discovery of a suitable epitope being found. Newly developed deep learning algorithms have the ability to predict protein structures and thus have the potential to help discover suitable epitopes for cancer vaccines. This study discusses the structure of IDH and gives an overview of how mutated IDH can potentially cause malignancies. In addition, this study proposed potential approaches with deep learning to aid the investigation of preventing IDH using cancer vaccines.
Existing methods to improve immunotherapy's limitations: CAR-T cell therapy and checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Nan Sirui
Published: August 2023

Immunotherapy is a form of treatment for cancer that works by provoking the immune system of the body into tracking down and destroying cancer cells. CAR-T-CT is a treatment that makes use of CAR-T cells (CARs), which are T cells (T-Cs) that have been modified in some way by the incorporation of engineered synthetic receptors. This therapy is designed to destroy cells that express a specific target antigen, and its primary objective is to do so by locating and killing those cells. Due to the fact that Immune CPI inhibits the production of specific proteins (checkpoint protein) on immune cells as well as on cancer cells thereby preventing the immune system from combating cancer, Immune CPI are used to treat cancer. By inhibiting the activity of these proteins, CPI is able to contribute to the process of stimulating the immune system to specifically target and destroy cancer cells. However, there are still some limitations that exist, and these have the potential to reduce the effectiveness of the treatment or produce some side effects that are life-threatening. This article makes a few suggestions for innovative steps that could be taken in order to both improve the current state of affairs and find answers to any problems that may arise in the near or distant future. The article makes these suggestions in order to improve the current state of affairs and find answers to any problems that may arise in the future.
Analysis of methods for heart failure
Authors: Wang Ziyi
Published: August 2023

Heart Failure (HF) is one of the major causes of death from various heart diseases and is a common complex clinical syndrome. HF has a high incidence and its 5-year survival rate is similar to that of patients with malignant tumors, which has a serious impact on the quality of life of patients and has become a major public health problem of worldwide concern. At this stage, the clinical treatment of HF is still mainly based on drug therapy. As clinical research progresses, more and more new HF therapeutic drugs are being introduced one after another, new uses of drugs are being discovered and clinical options for drug use are becoming more and more diverse. The drug therapy for HF is also changing from monotherapy to multi-target and multi-mechanism combined mode of action. Innovative mechanical therapy products are also bringing new strategies to the treatment of HF. This article reviews the medication treatment and device implantation strategies for the clinical treatment of HF.
Study of physiological and pathological information mining with biological information similarity analysis
Authors: Chan Queena , Chen Shuyu , Shen Yutong
Published: August 2023

Chronic diseases, such as sleep apnea and Parkinson's disease, are characterized by insidious onset, complex etiology, slow course, and easy-to-cause other complications, which seriously affect life quality of the patients. Real-time monitoring of biological information can effectively reveal the occurrence and development of chronic diseases. It also helps in aspects of early diagnosis and treating options. In current study, the dynamic change rules of biological signals caused by chronic diseases have been explored, from which one can realize the auxiliary diagnosis and evaluation of these diseases. Attention has been focused on physiological fluctuation and coordination of biological information similarity, including pulse fluctuation detection in patients with sleep apnea and plantar pressure coordination assessment in patients with Parkinson's disease. In the biological similarity study, the heart rate from sleep apnea patients has been recorded two minutes before and after breath pulse. Information of the average plantar pressure from both foot of Parkinson patients has also been recorded and analyzed. Results show that: for sleep apnea patients, their heart rate fluctuation level has significantly reduced. That is because the human body enhances its sympathetic nerve activity to open the airway. The heart rate starts to change periodically, resulting in its fluctuations tending to be consistent. Compared with ordinary people, PD patients have weaker biological information similarities of plantar pressure on one foot. Also, information similarity between left and right feet of PD patients was more diversified. It revealed that the left and right foot plantar pressure fluctuated more and tended to be more consistent together with gait disorder and weakened balance. Such results show that the similarity of biological information can effectively excavate the fluctuation and coordination of physiological signals, and effectively contribute to the recognition and auxiliary diagnosis of chronic diseases. Data mining methods applied here helps to explore the physiological and pathological mechanism of the studied chronic diseases and sheds light on early diagnosis and severity assessment. It becomes more promising to develop algorithms, software, and hardware systems that is helpful for patients and facilitate promotion of human life quality and health cause.
How diseases spread through social networks
Authors: Jia Xiqing
Published: August 2023

This paper uses the main concept of centrality accompanied by the theory of the strength of weak ties to explain how social networks facilitate the spread of major diseases. The major diseases that this paper would take a look at are the COVID virus, smallpox, and cholera. Be-fore doing so, a brief introduction would be made and the paper would infer some research that utilizes social network models and helps the paper to further elaborate. Eventually, the paper would conclude with the reasons if applying social networks to the study of the spread of diseases could help with understanding the spread or not. As well as the fact to see what factors could interfere with the process.
Effect of production process and flavor additions on Greek yogur
Authors: Shang Yizhi
Published: August 2023

Greek yogurt has become increasingly popular among consumers in recent years because of its high protein and low fat properties. There are two main processes for the production of Greek yogurt, i.e. whey filtration process and non-whey filtration process. The whey filtration process is to separate the whey from the regular yogurt; the non-whey filtration process is to add whey protein to the regular yogurt to increase the protein content of the yogurt. In China, due to the short time of developing Greek yogurt, the utilization efficiency of whey is not high, so the production is still mainly based on non-filtered whey process. At this stage, many companies have developed various flavors of Greek yogurt to meet the consumers' demand for different flavors and tastes of Greek yogurt. In this paper, by comparing the raw material ratios and processes of plain Greek yogurt with fruit flavored Greek yogurt, rose flavored Greek yogurt and chia seed Greek yogurt, the results obtained show that the added flavor additives have a small effect on the raw material ratios of Greek yogurt production, and the nature of the added flavor additives will have an effect on the time they are added in the production, resulting in a product with uniform texture and smooth taste.
Protein prediction algorithms: homology modeling, AlphaFold, and Foldit
Authors: Duan Songhan , Ke Runcheng , Xiang Junyi
Published: August 2023

Protein, one of the most basic structures of biological molecules, have its own four level structure that corresponds with its function. The structures make every protein unique and diverse. Studies of protein must be based on the understanding on protein's structure. Thus, methods must be applied to predict the protein structure. Old methods include homology modeling that are both expensive and time consuming. With the development of modern technology, new methods such as Foldit and AlphaFold was invented. The report would introduce these methods and comparisons would be made between these methods.The introduction aims to improve the understanding about protein prediction for relative researchers.
G proteins: introduction of its history, structure, function, and drug development
Authors: Bi Tianyi , Wei Pengyu
Published: August 2023

G protein-coupled receptor can be written in GPCR, it has a big great family and this species include 800 human genes, it become the important part of human body. Although each species has their own unique skills, it can make different kind of medicine that can save humans life. And then there's the G-protein-coupled receptor mechanism. The GPCR desensitization regulator - arrestin was further analyzed, and researchers discovered that GPCRs could be activated not only through the G-protein-dependent pathway but also through the non-G-protein-dependent pathway, known as the -inhibitor pathway, to control the ingestion and desensitization throughout vivo and even start a new wave of signal transduction. The development of G-protein-coupled receptor drugs followed. GPCR is strongly associated to pathological conditions and has an essential function in cell signal transmission. More than 40% of the medicines on the market today target GPCR, which is the reached a high point family of pharmacological targets. The intracellular effector proteins (G proteins, etc.) that are activated by the GPCR play an important role in the regulation of its physiological function.
Treatment for heavy metal pollution: remediating soil environment by harnessing genetic and biochemical capabilities of bacteria
Authors: Han Canru
Published: August 2023

Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances, also known as pollutants, into the environment. As all living things depend on clean air, water, and land for survival, pollution is a significant problem on a worldwide scale. In addition, heavy metals are the most essential and common contaminants in soil environments. These pollutants are widely diffused, harmful to human health, and persistent in soil environments. Owing to the circumstances locally and worldwide, pollution assessment and bacterial remediation techniques for polluted soil have gained substantial attention and become essential. Here, this review covers four bacterial processes involved in bacterial remediation technology, including heavy metal adsorption and adhesion, redox transformation of heavy metals, and the function of mycorrhizal fungi. Also, a case study of a detailed experiment on pollution treatment is presented. This research aims to eliminate heavy metal pollution by using bacterial remediation technology in order to save human beings and the environment since long-term exposure to heavy metals can cause lung cancer and bone fractures in humans, thus posing a significant security threat and hidden danger to human society.
Potential benefits of bird interspecies cooperation
Authors: Zhang Hanqi
Published: August 2023

This meta-analysis explores the potential benefits of bird interspecies cooperation, which is less common than cooperation within a species but can yield more complex advantages. The study identifies various forms of interspecies cooperation, such as alarm calls, foraging flocks, and mobbing behavior, and suggests that these behaviors are primarily geared towards enhancing foraging efficiency and reducing predation risks. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the intricacies of animal behavior and can inform efforts to conserve and manage ecosystems. Studies on bird interspecies cooperation can provide valuable insights into the behavioral dynamics of different bird species and their interactions with other animals, which can be useful in understanding the intricacies of ecological systems. This knowledge can have significant implications for conservation efforts, as well as sustainable agricultural practices, particularly regarding pest control. Additionally, research on bird interspecies cooperation can inform our understanding of human behavior and contribute to environmental education efforts.
Effects of masks on marine animals
Authors: Zhou Yanqi
Published: August 2023

Due to the global pandemic, we are producing a large number of discarded masks every day. At the same time, some of them will find their way into the ocean and affect the Marine ecology. This paper will analyze the damage of waste masks to the ocean, and give solutions for reference. Through case analysis, this paper concludes that waste masks have brought certain impacts on various Marine organisms and destroyed the stability of Marine ecosystems, but there are still some solutions to improve the problem. This article will provide solutions that can be adopted by governments today, as well as some directions and goals that can be developed in the future. In the future, we can better protect the Marine ecology and pay attention to environmental protection although there will be some cost burden for the government. To protect animals while improving the overall environment of the earth on which human live.
The measurement and analysis of cardiopulmonary system
Authors: Xu Zhouchen
Published: August 2023

With the increasing aging population and prevalence of chronic diseases, the demand for vital signs monitoring is becoming more and more crucial. Pulse wave, blood oxygen, and respiratory wave are the three fundamental vital sign indicators that can provide essential health information and play a critical role in disease diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is increasingly important to utilize digital signal processing techniques to accurately monitor and analyze these vital signs. This paper talks about the how to measure the signal of the cardiopulmonary system with the digital devices and how to use the MATLAB to analyze the date to give a perspective about monitoring the health information.
The relationship between the wettability and the density of stomata
Authors: Zhao Jia Rui
Published: August 2023

stomata are channels for respiration of plants, and they are vital to keep it unblocked. In nature, in order to avoid the surface stomata being covered by water and ensure the normal respiration of stomata, plant leaves in nature are realized by a variety of methods, among which the difference surface wettability plays a crucial role in the distribution density of stomata. To explore the relationship between the wettability and the stomata density, this thesis investigates how the top and bottom density of stomata on plant surface affect the survivability of elm leaves (plant in the Ulmaceae family). Here, we find its lower surface with superhydrophobic function is covered by large amount of stomata. While the bottom surface with hydrophilic performance is smooth and covered by a small amount stomata. This research reveals the significant of waterproof function to the survival of leaf and has potential application in air exchange underwater.
1-MHC as a target for cancer treatments
Authors: Gai Qingxuan , Quan Yibo , Tsang Hoi-Wa , Wang Ziyang
Published: August 2023

Class-1 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules plays an important role in the immune system by exposing antigens to T cells for identification and destruction. Cancer cells often evade the immune system by downregulating MHC expression, avoiding detection from immune cells. Therefore, Class-1 MHC molecules are potential targets for cancer treatments. Recent studies have shown that increasing MHC expression in cancer cells can enhance T cell recognition and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer therapies. In addition, some therapeutic approaches are aimed at directly targeting Class-1 MHC molecules. This paper summarizes the mechanism of MHC expression, the current status of cancer treatments, relevant research status of class-1 MHC as a target in cancer therapy, and how this technique can be improved. These findings highlight the potential of Class-1 MHC as a promising target for cancer treatment, and further research is needed to fully exploit this target for the benefit of cancer patients.
Epigenetic regulation in plant salt stress response
Authors: Xiong Hanyu
Published: August 2023

As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated regulatory systems because they must respond to a variety of environmental stimuli. Salt stress, in particular, affects the growth of crop plants and limits crop yield in many saline regions around the world. Therefore, developing salt-tolerant crop cultivars has great significance in global food security. Epigenetic regulation, which contributes to phenotype plasticity without altering the genotype, have important roles in how plant respond to salt stress. Moreover, the heritable nature of epigenetic modifications makes it possible to maintain the information and pass it down to the next generation as stress memory, thus enables the plant and its progeny to cope with recuring stress more efficiently. This paper provides an overview of major achievements in this field by analyzing previous studies, and concludes that major epigenetic regulatory pathways, including histone modifications, DNA modifications and small RNAs, are essential in plant salt stress response, and further insights into these mechanisms are of great value.
The current applications and potential advantages of the Neuropixels
Authors: Meng Jiuzhang , Surimanda Surimanda , Yi Yongling
Published: August 2023

Neuropixels technology has revolutionized neuroscience research by allowing scientists to obtain physiological firing data from single neurons in the central nervous system with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. While the technology is already highly advanced, researchers continue to work on improving it further. In this article, the authors summarize several current studies on improvements and applications of Neuropixels probes. This technology is used to capture the characteristic waveforms of neurons in different brain regions, record particular types of neurons, and acquire detailed data. The improvement of the Neuropixels is the AMIE, which solves the problem of implanting the device in unrestrained mice and recycling, enriching the electrodes and the recording sites on each Neuropixels device. By discussion and investigation, the current conduct and some refinements of the Neuropixels are demonstrated in this brief review. However, fragility and ethical problems are still inevitable obstacles of Neuropixels, and their potential harm to human beings still deserves attention.
The current situation of water pollutants and pollution source in Poyang Lake: A review
Authors: Xu Bingzhen , Zhang Yuhao , He Yue
Published: August 2023

As the largest freshwater lake and the largest connecting lake in the Yangtze River basin, Poyang Lake stores abundant water resources, and undertakes multiple ecological functions. The water pollution of Poyang Lake is related to the ecological environment of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and also affects the regional economic and social development. After sorting out and summarising other literatures, we analysed the main pollutants in Poyang Lake. The discharge of some industrial waste and frequent human activities are the main reasons for the increase of total phosphorus nitrogen, heavy metal pollutants and microplastic pollutants in Poyang Lake.
Impact of transportation infrastructure on amphibians
Authors: Zheng Jinghan
Published: August 2023

In recent decades, the alarming rate of amphibian disappearance has become a pressing environmental issue. The primary cause of this decline and extinction is habitat destruction, posing a significant threat to global biological diversity. This destruction is often the result of habitat fragmentation, wherein contiguous habitats are split into smaller, increasingly isolated patches. Transportation infrastructure, particularly roads, is a significant contributor to the fragmentation. Roads have a huge impact on economic development and ecology, connecting urban areas, rural areas and countries while promoting global economic development. However, at the same time, the accelerated road construction creates barriers, leading to increased wildlife death, habitat degradation and act as a contributor of species extinction. Amphibians are notably liable to road impact because of their unique behavior traits. The relationship between habitat fragmentation, accessible habitat, and populations is complex and multifaceted, with different species responding differently. Therefore, it is crucial to continue the exploration to counteract the problems of habitat fragmentation, the decline in amphibian abundance and biodiversity caused by the development of transportation infrastructure.
Comparison different stages of treatment mechanism and significance of mitral regurgitation in human and canine heart
Authors: Li YanLung
Published: August 2023

Both humans and dogs have a high incidence of mitral regurgitation with increasing age. Nowadays, because of the improvement of life quality, people pay more attention to the health of themselves and their pets and pursue a higher and better life. This paper mainly introduces the comparison of mitral regurgitation between human and canine. MR Can be divided into acute bicuspid insufficiency and chronic mitral insufficiency according to the progression of the disease. Acute mitral insufficiency: mild cases can only slight labor dyspnea, severe cases can quickly develop acute left heart failure, even acute pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock. Chronic mitral insufficiency. The degree of clinical symptoms experienced by patients with chronic mitral insufficiency is influenced by the degree of mitral regurgitation, the rate at which the condition progresses, the amount of left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure, and other factors, the level of pulmonary artery pressure, and the combination of other membrane damage and coronary artery disease. Heart structure, routine interventions, diagnosis, treatment, and MR Phases were analyzed. Through comparative analysis, this paper can better let people understand and pay attention to the disease of mitral regurgitation in dogs.
Impact of food additives in ultra-processed food on human health
Authors: Liang Xinyue
Published: August 2023

With the development of food processing, public concern was aroused by safety issues regarding the application of artificial additives. Ultra-ultra-processed food is made through a process by adding additives such as antioxidants, preservatives, and coloring agents to modify the properties of the food product and cater to customer demands. This essay focuses on food chemistry to research how additives present in ultra-processed food affect health. Moreover, common food additives used in food processing and their potential threats will be discussed. The fact is that many cases have proved that sodium benzoate, vitamin C, vitamin E, Yellow No.5, and Yellow No.6 do have an impact on human health. Other types of additives such as those present in nature do not have a significant relationship with cancer molarity and health problems. There need further studies on the relationship between synthesized additives and carcinogenicity. The purpose of studying chemical additives is to understand the chemical properties behind food additives will inform people of the actual harmful ingredients in ultra-processed food and avoid large dose intake.
Efektivitas Pelatihan Regulasi Emosi untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan pada Remaja
Authors: Kholbianawati Nuryaqutul , Hidayati Erny
Published: August 2023

Efektivitas Pelatihan Regulasi Emosi untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan pada Remaja
Kecemasan merupakan keadaan psikologis yang dapat dialami oleh semua individu termasuk remaja. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan regulasi emosi berpengaruh terhadap kecemasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah pelatihan regulasi emosi dapat mengurangi kecemasan yang dialami oleh remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre-experimental design dengan bentuk one-group pretest-posttest design. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 8 remaja, yang terdiri dari 3 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan, yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil screening calon subjek kelompok intervensi dengan menggunakan Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara individual, Focussed Group Discussion (FGD), pre dan post test menggunakan Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Hasil perolehan data pre dan post test secara kuantitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Mann Whitney, dengan perolehan nilai Z = -2.521 dan taraf signifikansi p = 0.012 (p<0.05). Hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan angka kecemasan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan setelah diberikan pelatihan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan regulasi emosi dapat menurunkan kecemasan remaja.