bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proton Conduction Through Interface Phase of CPAA/KDP Composites
Authors: Zakharyevich Dmitry , Neustroev Aleksey
Published: September 2010

In this paper we present the results of the studies on proton conduction in composites polyantimonic acid (PAA)-potassium dihydrophosphate (KDP) obtained by precipitation technique as well as mechanical mixing. The highest conductivity (~10-2 Sm/sm at 300 K) is achieved in the precipitated samples with volume fraction of KDP close to f = 13 %. The results of X-ray diffraction showed the absence of reflections from KDP for the samples with f < 20% and slight change in the intensities of odd and even reflections from PAA, which is explained by the ion exchange between the phases through the interface. These indicate that conduction is occurred through the interface regions of the composite. The value of interface conductivity is estimated from the dependence of the composite conductivity on the volume fraction of KDP based according to the model by Uvarov et al. This gives σs ≈ 5 Sm/sm, however the equation derived in this model doesn't represent the experimental data properly. Probably the maximum of the dependence simply corresponds to the percolation through the interface's continuous cluster – it is close to the classical percolation threshold.
Catalyst formation and growth of Sn- and In-catalyzed silicon nanowires
Authors: Ngo Irene , O'Donnell Benedict , Alvarez José , Gueunier-Farret Marie , Kleider Jean-Paul , Yu Linwei , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere
Published: September 2010

Silicon nanowires (Si NWs) were grown directly on transparent conductive oxide layers using a single pump down process in a plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) system. Layers of ITO and SnO2 on glass substrates were exposed to a hydrogen plasma leading to the reduction of the oxide and to the agglomeration of the metal into catalyst droplets of a few tens of nanometers diameter. The diameter and the density of the nanowires depend on the catalysts droplets size and density, we studied step by step the evolution of the surface prior to and at the initial stage of the nanowire growth. The catalyst droplets size and distribution were essentially investigated through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Do precipitation and food affect the reproduction of brown brocket deer Mazama gouazoubira (G. Fischer 1814) in conditions of semi-captivity?
Authors: Juliá Juan P. , Peris Salvador J.
Published: September 2010

The births of brown brocket deer ( Mazama gouazoubira) in a secondary lower montane forest called "yunga" in northwestern Argentina were compared with rainfall. Analyses were performed with rainfall and flower-fruit fall in an attempt to determine the possible importance of these seasonal variables in birthing. The births were not directly correlated with rainfall, but rather with the flower and fruit fall of exotic plant species. This may be related to favor the development of fawns, which eat the new and more digestible plant parts, accessible one month after their births.The non-seasonal births observed around the year could be related to the selection by the deer of some plant species that have been introduced into the region ( Prunus, Morus and Psidium), have a longer fruiting span than the scarce native plant species.
Modern processes of palynomorph deposition at lakes of the northern region of the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Luz Cynthia F.P. da , Barth Ortrud M. , Silva Cleverson G.
Published: September 2010

Palynological analysis of pollen, Pteridophyta spores and algae deposited in the superficial sediments at Lagoa de Cima and Lagoa do Campelo Lakes, located in the north of Rio de Janeiro state, was used to determine the spatial variation of the palynomorphs deposition. A total of 67 pollen types were identified at Lagoa de Cima, with an expressive contribution of regional arboreous taxa, hydrophytes and ruderal plants of the pastureland. The depositional pattern of palynomorphs depends on the fluvial leakage, the proximity of the local sedimentation to the inlet of the Imbé and Urubu Rivers and the bathymetry of lake bottom. The highest concentrations of palynomorphs were observed in the decentralized and less deeper area, without the interference of the northeastern wind. At Lagoa do Campelo, a total of 58 pollen types were identified, among which the majority of the pollen grains came from hydrophytes, with the highest concentrations found along the northeastern shore. The southeastern shore showed high percentages of pollen and spores with degraded exine and mechanical damage, due to the transport through the lakeby the currents caused by the wind, confirmed by the depositional trend of damaged palinomorphs along the same direction as the prevailing winds.
Quaternary colluvial episodes (Upper Paraná River Hydrographic Basin, Brazil)
Authors: Sallun Alethea E.M. , Suguio Kenitiro
Published: September 2010

Colluvial deposits occur extensively in the Upper Paraná River Hydrographic Basin (UPRHB) in Southeastern,Southern, and Western central Brazil. These deposits were recognized as an allostratigraphic unit and related to creeping during the Quaternary. Every studied colluvial profile is homogeneous, which indicates relatively long periods of landscape stability that is sufficient for the development of a thick soil cover. The deposits were dated by luminescence and indicate periods of more intense colluvial deposition between 6 and 220 ky B.P. These events correspond approximately to the transitions between the oxygen isotope stages 2-3-4 and 5-6, suggesting that this aggradation was influenced by climatic changes. However, the most important alluviation episode was tentatively correlated with the Middle to Upper Pleniglacial of the Wisconsin glaciation. The most intensive and frequent periods of precipitation that occurred during climate transitions are probably correlated with aggradation events. The regularity of the colluvial deposits suggests continuous uplift accompanied by sediment deposition throughout the UPRHB due to neotectonic activity during the last million years.
Palynological analysis of a late Holocene core from Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil
Authors: Macedo Renato B. , Souza Paulo A. , Bauermann Soraia G. , Bordignon Sérgio A.L.
Published: September 2010

A sedimentar core collected at Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Rio Grande do Sul State, southmost Brazil, was submitted to pollen analysis to provide the vegetational history of this region, and the paleoecological and paleoclimatic changes. A total of 98 taxa of palynomorphs was identified from 35 subsamples. Three radiocarbonic datings were obtained along a section of 115 cm depth, including the basal age of 4730 ± 50 yr BP. Pollen diagrams and cluster analysis were performed based on palynomorphs frequencies, demonstrating five distinct phases (SAP-I to SAP-V), which reflected different paleoecological conditions. The predominance of plants associated with grasslands in the phase SAP-I suggests warm and dry climate conditions. A gradual increasing of humidity conditions was observed mainly from the beginning of the phase SAP-III, when the vegetation set a mosaic of grasslands and Atlantic rainforest. Furthermore, the presence of some forest taxa ( Acacia-type, Daphnopsis racemosa, Erythrina-type and Parapiptadenia rigida-type), from the phase SAP-IV, is interpreted as an influence of the seasonal semideciduous forest in the study region. From the phase SAP-V (ca. 4000 yrs BP), the vegetation became similar to the modern one (extant Atlantic rainforest Biome), especially after 2000 yrs BP (calibrated age).
Eocene-Pliocene deep sea ostracodes from ODP site 744A, Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Bergue Cristianini T. , Govindan Abiraman
Published: September 2010

The Eocene-Pliocene deep sea ostracodes from the ODP site 744A (Kerguelen Plateau) are herein studied under the taxonomic and paleoecologic aspects. 28 species are identified, being the genera Krithe, Cytherella and Dutoitella the most diversified. A faunal threshold was recorded in the Early Oligocene, which is tentatively explained under the knowledge of the paleoceanographical studies carried out not only in the Kerguelen Plateau but also in adjacent areas. The faunal turnover and variations in both richness and abundance possibly reflect the inception of psychrosphere and the influence of hydrological changes in the preservation of carapaces. Moreover, the influence of those changes on carbonate preservation is discussed as the cause of faunal impoverishment in the upper portion of the core.
Use of glass transition temperature for stabilization of board's cracks of Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Calonego Fred W. , Severo Elias T.D. , Cunha Antonio R. , Gaia Daiane C.
Published: September 2010

The Eucalyptus grandis logs temperatures were determined and correlated with the board's cracks during steaming. Thermocouples were inserted in the logs center, registering their temperatures during steaming at 90"C. The logs were sawed and the board's cracks measured. It was concluded that: (1) the logistic S-shaped curve explains the logs temperature variation; (2) the logs with diameter of 20 to <25, 25 to <30 and 30 to <35 cm presented, respectively, 84.2"C, 73.1"C and 45.8"C in the steaming; and (3) the cracks lengths significantly decreased in logs that reached the glass transition temperature.
Adubo de liberação lenta na produção de mudas de mamoeiro
Authors: Serrano Luiz Augusto Lopes , Cattaneo Laercio Francisco , Ferreguetti Geraldo Antônio
Published: September 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir as doses adequadas de um adubo de liberação lenta para a produção de mudas dos principais genótipos de mamoeiro cultivados no Estado do Espírito Santo. O experimento foi realizado em estufa agrícola, na Empresa Caliman Agrícola S.A., em Linhares-ES, sob delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x6. Foram avaliados cinco genótipos de mamoeiro 'Golden', 'Calimosa', 'Tainung 01', 'INCAPER 09' e 'INCAPER 39', cultivados em substrato comercial fertilizado com seis doses de um adubo de liberação lenta, fórmula NPK + (Mg) 13-06-16 + (1,4): 0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10,0 e 12,5 kg m-3. Houve diferenças no crescimento e no estado nutricional das mudas de mamoeiro em relação ao genótipo e às doses do adubo de liberação lenta utilizados. As doses do adubo que proporcionaram os maiores valores para altura e massa seca total das mudas de mamoeiro foram: 11,2 e 11,3 kg m-3 para o 'Golden'; 7,7 e 7,9 kg m-3 para o 'Calimosa'; 11,6 e 10,9 kg m-3 para o 'Tainung 01'; 10,5 e 10,6 kg m-3 para o 'INCAPER 09', e 11,0 e 9,6 kg m-3 para o 'INCAPER 39', respectivamente. Nessas mesmas doses do adubo, as mudas apresentaram adequado nível nutricional.
Avaliação dos fluxos das valvas aórtica e pulmonar com ecocardiografia Doppler pulsátil em cães clinicamente sadios
Authors: Petrus Lilian C. , Oliveira Valéria M.C. , Pereira Guilherme G. , Larsson Maria Helena M.A.
Published: September 2010

Avaliaram-se com Doppler pulsátil os fluxos das valvas aórtica (AO) e pulmonar (Pul) por meio de análise qualitativa (presença de regurgitações valvares e características do espectro avaliado) e quantitativa, com obtenção de parâmetros ecocardiográficos como velocidades máxima (V. Max.) e média (V. Me.), integral de velocidade (VTI), tempo de aceleração (TA) e ejeção (TE), de 30 cães considerados clinicamente sadios por meio de exames físico, laboratoriais, eletrocardiográfico, ecocardiográfico (modos uni e bidimensional), radiográfico de tórax e mensuração da pressão arterial sistêmica. Obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados para os referidos parâmetros: V.max. AO= 1,22± 19,38m/s; V. Me. AO= 0,72± 0,08m/s; VTI AO= 0,14± 0,02m; TA AO= 38,80± 11,29ms; TE AO= 197,90± 24,77ms; V. Max. Pul= 0,95± 0,18m/s; V. Me. Pul= 0,63± 0,10m/s; VTI Pul= 0,13± 0,02m; TA Pul= 70,97± 18,87ms; TE Pul= 203,70± 28,98ms. Em apenas três animais observou-se regurgitação pulmonar. Alguns parâmetros apresentaram correlação negativa com a variável freqüência cardíaca (VTI AO, TE AO, VTI Pul, TA Pul, TE Pul); outros correlação positiva com a variável peso (VTI AO, TA AO, TE AO, VTI Pul, TE Pul,) e não se observou influência da variável sexo na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. Na comparação entre os dois fluxos, observaram-se V. Max. AO e V. Me. AO maiores que V. Max. Pul. e V. Me. Pul., respectivamente, VTI AO maior que VTI Pul, e TA AO menor que TA Pul.
Lazer, modernidade, capitalismo: um olhar a partir da obra de Edward Palmer Thompson
Authors: Melo Victor Andrade de
Published: September 2010

O processo de consolidação do modo de produção fabril paulatinamente configurou uma clara distinção entre a jornada de trabalho e um tempo livre. Que relação se pode estabelecer entre essa nova dinâmica dos tempos sociais e as tensões relacionadas à construção de um novo conjunto de comportamentos considerados adequados para a consolidação do capitalismo? Esse estudo tem por objetivo discutir o trato dessa questão na obra de Edward Palmer Thompson. Parece possível afirmar que, para ele, o controle do tempo do não-trabalho e das práticas de lazer foi compreendido como uma dimensão fundamental para garantir o "progresso".
Determination of muscle fatigue index for strength training in patients with Duchenne dystrophy
Authors: Oliveira Adriano Rodrigues , Corrêa Fernanda Ishida , Valim Márcia Moreira , Oliveira Cláudia Santos , Corrêa João Carlos Ferrari
Published: September 2010

INTRODUCTION: Muscle weakness is the most prominent impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and often involves the loss of functional ability as well as other limitations related to daily living. Thus, there is a need to maintain muscle strength in large muscle groups, such as the femoral quadriceps, which is responsible for diverse functional abilities. However, the load and duration of training for such rehabilitation has proven to be a great unknown, mainly due to the undesired appearance of muscle fatigue, which is a severe factor for the injury of muscle fibers. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine a fatigue index by means of surface electromyography (EMG) for the parameterization of muscle strengthening physiotherapy training. METHODS: A cross-sectional study (case series) was carried out involving four patients with DMD. Three pairs of surface electrodes were placed on the motor point of the Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis and Vastus medialis of the dominant limb, maintaining the knee at 60º of flexion. The participants were instructed to perform the extension movement of this joint at four strength levels (100%, 80%, 60% and 40% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction). RESULTS: The slope of the linear regression line was used for the determination of the fatigue index, performed by Pearson's test on the median frequency of each strength level. CONCLUSION: Electromyographic measurements of the strength index for muscle training proved to be a simple accessible assessment method, as well as an extremely valuable tool, allowing the design of a muscle strength training program with an individualized load threshold.
Dentin permeability of the apical third in different groups of teeth
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigo Gonçalves , Marchesan Melissa Andreia , Silva Ricardo Gariba , Sousa-Neto Manoel D. , Pécora Jesus Djalma
Published: September 2010

This ex vivo study evaluated dentin permeability of the root canal in the apical third of different human groups of teeth. Eighty teeth were used, 8 from each dental group: maxillary and mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, maxillary first premolars (buccal and palatal roots), mandibular first premolars, and maxillary and mandibular second premolars, totalizing 88 roots that were distributed in 11 groups. The root canals were instrumented, irrigated with 1% NaOCl and 15% EDTA. Roots were immersed in 10% copper sulfate for 30 min and then in 1% rubeanic acid alcohol solution for the same period; this chemical reaction reveals dentin permeability by the formation of copper rubeanate, which is a dark-colored compound. Semi-serial 100-µm-thick cross-sections were obtained from the apical third of the roots. Five sections of each apical third were washed, dehydrated, cleared and mounted on glass slides for examination under optical microscopy. The percentage of copper ion infiltration and the amount of tubular dentin were quantified by morphometric analysis. The penetration of copper ions in the apical third ranged from 4.60 to 16.66%. The mandibular central and lateral incisors presented the highest dentin permeability (16.66%), while the maxillary canines and mandibular second and first premolars presented the lowest dentin permeability (4.60%, 4.80% and 5.71%, respectively; p<0.001). The other teeth presented intermediate permeability. In conclusion, dye penetration into dentin tubules at the apical region is strongly dependent on the group of teeth evaluated.
Fracture strength of composite fixed partial denture using bovine teeth as a substitute for human teeth with or without fiber-reinforcement
Authors: Soares Carlos José , Barbosa Liliane Minglini , Santana Fernanda Ribeiro , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Mota Adérito Soares da , Silva Gisele Rodrigues da
Published: September 2010

This study evaluate the use of bovine teeth as a substitute for human teeth on fracture strength tests of composite fixed partial dentures (Cpd), with and without fiberglass reinforcement (Fg). Eighty teeth were selected, being 40 bovine incisors, 20 human premolars and 20 molars. Bovine incisors were ground to get a platform, simulating an occlusal surface of human molar. Teeth in pairs were embedded in polystyrene resin, simulating the periodontal ligament and divided in 4 groups: B-Cpd-Fg: bovine teeth restored with Cpd with Fg; B-Cpd-NFg: bovine teeth restored with Cpd without Fg; H-Cpd-Fg: human teeth restored Cpd with Fg; and H-Cpd-NFg: human teeth restored with Cpd without Fg. The Cpd were adhesively fixed and submitted to an axial compression load at the pontic center with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Failure modes were assessed and classified. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (?=0.05). The tooth type had no influence on fracture strength and fracture mode. The inclusion of fiberglass increased significantly the fracture strength. The failure modes were more reparable in groups with fiber-reinforcement. Bovine teeth can be used as a substitute for human teeth in these types of fracture strength tests.
Contribuição do plasma rico em plaquetas na reparação óssea de defeitos críticos criados em crânios de camundongos
Authors: Monteiro Betânia Souza , Del Carlo Ricardo Junqueira , Argôlo Neto Napoleão Martins , Bonfá Laila de Paula , Viloria Marlene Vargas , Neves Cinthya Dessaune , Carvalho Pablo Herthel , Brito Ana Flora Souza
Published: September 2010

No presente estudo, foram avaliados, de forma macro e microscópica, os resultados da aplicação do PRP em defeitos ósseos críticos de 6,0mm de diâmetro confeccionados em calvária de 24 camundongos isogênicos C57BL/6 jovens, separados em dois grupos experimentais. O grupo controle não recebeu tratamento, e no grupo tratado foram depositados, no interior do defeito, 50,0µL plasma em gel contendo 1,0x10(9) plaquetas. Constatou-se que o gel de PRP autólogo depositado em defeitos críticos contribuiu positivamente para o processo de reparação óssea, mormente na fase inicial.
Crescimento inicial de mudas de pau ferro (Caesalpinia ferreaMart. ex Tul. var. leiostachya Benth.) sob diferentes regimes hídricos
Authors: Lenhard Nádia Regina , Scalon Silvana de Paula Quintão , Novelino José Oscar
Published: September 2010

Objetivou-se, com este estudo avaliar o crescimento inicial de mudas de pau-ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex. Tul. var. leiostachya Benth -Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae) sob quatro regimes hídricos (alagamento, 70%, 40% e 12,5% de capacidade de campo). As mudas foram submetidas aos tratamentos aos 60 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de oito mudas por tratamento. Após 7 dias de permanência sob tratamento, iniciaram-se as avaliações. O diâmetro (6,5 mm), teor relativo de água (52,45%), área foliar específica (174,58 g cm²), taxa de crescimento relativo (0,0160 g g-1), taxa assimilatória líquida (0,0004 g dm-2 dias-1) e peso específico de folha (0,0062 g cm²) não variaram estatisticamente entre os tratamentos. As mudas sob 70% CC apresentaram maior altura (84,6cm), tamanho da raiz (28,9 cm), massa seca da raiz (6,24 g), área foliar (376,0 cm²), massa seca da folha (1,98 g), massa seca da parte aérea (8,27 g) e teor de clorofila (31,67 ìg cm²). A razão de peso específico (0,2368 g g-1) e o teor de nitrogênio (0,37 g kg-1) foram maiores sob 12,5% CC. A razão de área foliar (35,09 g g-1) foi menor sob 12,5% CC. Dessa forma, a melhor condição para a produção das mudas é em 70% da capacidade de campo.
Desempenho de cultivares de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] em cultivo de verão no sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Carvalho Everson Reis , Rezende Pedro Milanez de , Ogoshi Francis Gustavo Aratani , Botrel Élberis Pereira , Alcantara Helio Peres de , Santos Jacinto Pereira
Published: September 2010

Em função do seu potencial produtivo, a soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]ocupa posição de destaque na economia brasileira. O Sul de Minas Gerais apresenta crescente interesse pela cultura, principalmente para ser utilizada em rotação com o milho. Objetivou -se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar cultivares de soja adaptadas à região. Adotou - se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 3 repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 24, compreendendo dois locais (Lavras - MG e Itutinga - MG), e 24 cultivares de soja. A semeadura foi realizada na primeira quinzena de novembro, anos agrícolas 2006/07 e 2007/08. Verificou-se em Lavras que as cultivares UFV 16 (3553 kg.ha-1) e Monsoy 6101 (3543 kg.ha-1) foram as mais produtivas. Em Itutinga, as cultivares que mais se destacaram foram Monsoy 8001, Conquista, Vencedora, DM Nobre, Emgopa 315, DM Vitória, Monsoy 6101, Preta, UFV 16, Emgopa 316, Santa Rosa, Aventis 7002 e CAC 1 com produtividades variando de 2958 a 3575 kg.ha-1. Todos os materiais avaliados apresentaram grau de acamamento, altura de planta e de primeiro legume favoráveis à colheita mecanizada.
Efeito de doses de silício sobre a produtividade e características agronômicas da soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
Authors: Pereira Júnior Péricles , Rezende Pedro Milanez , Malfitano Stephan Carvalho , Lima Rafaela Karin , Corrêa Luíza Vasconselos Tavares , Carvalho Evrerson Reis
Published: September 2010

A soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] é o principal produto agrícola da exportação brasileira, portanto, torna-se importante a realização de estudos que contribuam para a minimização dos efeitos que possam causar a diminuição do rendimento e a depreciação da qualidade dessa oleaginosa, como a ocorrência de pragas e doenças, problemas com a fertilidade do solo e adversidades climáticas, entre outros. Sabe-se que as plantas diferem na sua capacidade de absorver silício (Si), sendo assim diferentemente classificadas. A influência do Si no desenvolvimento vegetativo em plantas de soja ainda é pouco conhecida, existindo poucos estudos descritos na literatura. Diante disso, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a resposta da soja a diferentes doses de Si no plantio, por meio da produtividade e características agronômicas das plantas no campo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), com três repetições, tendo como tratamentos 11 doses de Si (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 e 500 kg ha-1) na semeadura da soja, cultivar BRS MG 68 Vencedora. As doses de Si utilizadas não proporcionaram aumentos significativos na produtividade de grãos, peso de mil sementes, número de sementes por legume, o mesmo não se verificando com o numero de legumes por planta, altura de planta e altura de inserção do primeiro legume que apresentaram efeito significativo, com o aumento das doses nessas características. A aplicação de Si não proporcionou efeitos fitotóxicos visíveis na planta de soja.
Germinação e vigor de sementes de arroz inoculadas com bactérias diazotróficas
Authors: Araújo Antonio Edilson da Silva , Rossetto Claudia Antonia Vieira , Baldani Vera Lúcia Divan , Baldani José Ivo
Published: September 2010

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a germinação e o vigor das sementes de arroz inoculadas com bactérias diazotróficas. Foram instalados dois experimentos, sendo que no primeiro o delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, com dois lotes de sementes arroz da cultivar IC4440 x 10 tratamentos, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados pela inoculação com oito estirpes de bactérias diazotróficas (AR1122, M130, BF1358, ZAE94, AR3122, AR2112, CD e BR2113), bem como pelo recobrimento das sementes com a turfa umedecida com o meio de cultivo esterilizado e pelas sementes não inoculadas. No segundo experimento, o delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com dois lotes de sementes recém-colhidas das cultivares IR42 e Zebu Branco x oito tratamentos, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados pela inoculação das sementes com seis estirpes de bactérias diazotróficas (BF1358, AR3122, AR1122, ZAE94, M130 e AR2112), bem como pelo recobrimento das sementes com a turfa umedecida com o meio de cultivo esterilizado e pela não realização do procedimento de inoculação. As bactérias AR1122, M130, BF1358, ZAE94 e AR3112 podem ser selecionadas para formular inoculante para sementes de arroz. A inoculação com as bactérias diazotróficas aumenta a velocidade de germinação das sementes das cultivares IR42 e Zebu Branco, com menor contaminação por fungos.
Qual a relevância dos sinais e sintomas no prognóstico de pacientes com hérnia de disco lombar?
Authors: Falavigna Asdrubal , Righesso Neto Orlando , Bossardi Julia , Hoesker Thiago , Gasperin Paula Caprara , Silva Pedro Guarise de , Teles Alisson Roberto
Published: September 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: a hérnia de disco lombar (HDL) é uma patologia prevalente na atualidade, que acarreta limitações físicas, psiquícas e sociais ao paciente. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes são lombociatalgia, distúrbios motores e sensitivos e sinal de Lasègue. Nos pacientes com HDL refrátarios ao tratamento clínico, microdiscectomia é o procedimento padrão para a melhora dos sintomas. OBJETIVOS: estudar a relevância prognóstica dos sinais e sintomas nos pacientes com HDL refratários ao tratamento clínico. MÉTODOS: foram pesquisados, nas principais bases de dados biomédicas, os artigos que estudaram a percentagem de melhora e o valor prognóstico dos sinais e sintomas pré-operatórios dos pacientes com HDL. Os sinais e os sintomas avaliados foram dor lombar, dor na perna, distúrbios motores e sensitivos e sinal de Lasègue. CONCLUSÃO: o índice de sucesso da cirurgia dos pacientes com HDL refratários ao tratamento clínico correlaciona-se com a ausência de lombalgia, a presença de ciatalgia com tempo de evolução de até 6 meses, o déficit sensitivo presente de forma isolada ou associado ao déficit motor e a presença de sinal de Lasègue positivo no período pré-operatório.
Expressão do complexo de histocompatilidade principal de classe I (MHC I) no sistema nervoso central: plasticidade sináptica e regeneração
Authors: Zanon Renata Graciele , Emirandetti Amanda , Simões Gustavo Ferreira , Freria Camila Marques , Victório Sheila Cristina , Cartarozzi Luciana Politti , Barbizan Roberta , Oliveira Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de
Published: September 2010

Foi demonstrado recentemente que o complexo de histocompatibilidade principal de classe I (MHC I), expresso no sistema nervoso central (SNC), não funciona somente como molécula com papel imunológico, mas também como parte de um mecanismo envolvido na plasticidade sináptica. A expressão de MHC I interfere na intensidade e seletividade da retração de sinapses em contato com neurônios que sofreram lesão e também influencia a reatividade das células gliais próximas a esses neurônios. A intensidade do rearranjo sináptico e resposta glial após lesão, ligadas à expressão de MHC I no SNC, repercute em diferenças na capacidade regenerativa e recuperação funcional em linhagens de camundongos isogênicos. Dessa forma, os novos aspectos sobre a função do MHC I no SNC direcionam futuras pesquisas no sentido de buscar o envolvimento do MHC I em doenças neurológicas e também o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas.
A pesca do tamoatá Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) na ilha de Marajó
Authors: Albuquerque Adna Almeida de , Barthem Ronaldo Borges
Published: September 2010

Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) é um peixe de médio porte conhecido na Amazônia brasileira como tamoatá. Apresenta respiração acessória, o que permite ocupar as extensas áreas pantanosas da foz dos rios Amazonas e Orinoco. O tamoatá é o principal recurso pesqueiro da ilha de Marajó, sendo capturado principalmente nos campos alagados da bacia do rio Arari, no município de Santa Cruz do Arari (PA). Seu desembarque representa 6% do total no porto do Ver-o-Peso, em Belém (PA), o principal da Amazônia oriental. A pesca do tamoatá é marcadamente sazonal, ocorrendo na estação seca. De julho a agosto, é mais intensa no rio e lago Arari e de outubro a novembro, nos poços das fazendas, que são os últimos a secarem na região. A pesca é feita por pescadores locais, que vendem sua produção para as geleiras. Estas são embarcações de madeira, com urnas de gelo que levam a produção para ser comercializada nos principais portos urbanos, em especial o do Ver-o-Peso. A pesca é aqui descrita com base em observações de campo e entrevistas estruturadas com pescadores comerciais e fazendeiros da região. A frota de geleiras que desembarca o tamoatá em Belém é composta por 415 embarcações com capacidade de urna de até 27 t. As pescarias são realizadas, basicamente, por redes de emalhar de monofilamento e de cerco de multifilamento.
Negotiating Understanding Through the Young Adult Literature of Muslim Cultures
Authors: Baer Allison L. , Glasgow Jacqueline N.
Published: September 2010

Although United States citizens generally pride themselves on their understanding and acceptance of diversity, all too many of them harbor a fear of Muslims, which transformed into widespread bigotry after September 11, 2001. Knowing that young adult literature can be a powerful means of negotiating understanding of the other, this article presents literature that challenges readers to new levels of tolerance and understanding of Muslim cultures. By learning to respect the rights and freedoms of others, as portrayed in the literature, readers will acquire a global perspective of awareness and tolerance for others. In addition to a large bibliography of young adult literature, this article includes two experiential learning strategies: a Socratic seminar and a process drama.
Adjoint Multiscale Mixed Finite Elements
Authors: Krogstad S.. , Hauge V.L.. L. , Gulbransen A.F.. F.
Published: September 2010

We develop an adjoint model for a simulator consisting of a multiscale pressure solver and a saturation solver that works on flow-adapted grids. The multiscale method solves the pressure on a coarse grid that is close to uniform in index space and incorporates fine-grid effects through numerically computed basis functions. The transport solver works on a coarse grid adapted by a fine-grid velocity field obtained by the multiscale solver. Both the multiscale solver for pressure and the flow-based coarsening approach for transport have shown earlier the ability to produce accurate results for a high degree of coarsening. We present results for a complex realistic model to demonstrate that control settings based on optimization of our multiscale flow-based model closely match or even outperform those found by using a fine-grid model. For additional speed-up, we develop mappings used for rapid system updates during the timestepping procedure. As a result, no fine-grid quantities are required during simulations and all fine-grid computations (multiscale basis functions, generation of coarse transport grid, and coarse mappings) become a preprocessing step. The combined methodology enables optimization of waterflooding on a complex model with 45,000 grid cells in a few minutes.
Case History: Successful Wellbore Strengthening Approach in a Depleted and Highly Unconsolidated Sand in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Fett Darryl , Martin Frederic , Dardeau Claude , Rignol Joel , Benaissa Saddok , Adachi Jose , Pastor Jorge
Published: September 2010

In early 2008, Total E&P USA sidetracked the Mississippi Canyon 243 #A2 well on its "Matterhorn" tension-leg platform (TLP) in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. A preproject geomechanics study identified that the mud-weight/fracture-pressure window in the depleted and highly unconsolidated "A" reservoir was very narrow, creating a strong potential for mud losses during drilling and cementing of the 7-in. liner. The risk of losses was a primary concern because the well would be frac packed, and if a competent cement column did not reach a sufficient height, the ability to fracture the reservoir would have been compromised. To mitigate this risk, the decision was made to drill through the depleted reservoir using a flat-rheology synthetic-based fluid, engineered with a high concentration of bridging particles to impart a strengthening effect on the formation.

The designer fluid allowed the reservoir to be drilled through successfully and the 7-in. liner to be run and cemented with full returns. Analysis of the frac-pack data showed that the formation-breakdown pressure was lower than the wellbore pressures experienced while drilling and cementing the liner, suggesting that the designer fluid improved the fracture resistance of the formation. The results imply that using such a designer fluid can have a strengthening effect on depleted/unconsolidated formations, in which some operators have had limited success applying wellbore-strengthening techniques.

The implication for the industry is that this technique can and should be considered on wells with challenges and risks similar to those of the Matterhorn A2 well. This paper will describe the approach taken in the laboratory for the fluid design, as well as operational practices to apply the treatment on location. A postmortem analysis will compare formation-breakdown pressures taken from the fracturing operations to actual wellbore pressures experienced while drilling and cementing, to demonstrate that a strengthening effect was realized.
Antipatterns: A Tool for Continuous Improvement
Authors: Feineman David R.
Published: September 2010

Process design patterns are fragments of business processes used as a solution to commonly encountered problems. A process design antipattern is a special form of pattern that is ineffective or has negative consequences, but it may also be routinely followed. The objective in studying process antipatterns is to identify suboptimal performance and replace it with better practices. This paper describes some antipatterns in the implementation of digital-oilfield projects, refactored solutions that enable recovery from those antipatterns, and the root causes that create them. It concludes with a description of how continuous improvement enabled by antipatterns differs from more traditional approaches to project lessons learned and why antipatterns represent a better way to capture and reuse experience-based learning.
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial and antifungal studies of some tetraazamacrocyclic complexes
Authors: Singh Dharam , Malik Vandna , Kumar Ramesh , Kumar Krishan , Dhiman Saurabh
Published: September 2010

A new series of complexes was synthesized by template condensation of malonyl
dihydrazide and glyoxal in methanolic medium in the presence of divalent
cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium salts, whereby complexes of the
type: [M(C5H6N4O2)X2] where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II),
and X = Cl-, NO3- and OAc-, were formed. The complexes were characterized
with the aid of elemental analyses, conductance measurements, magnetic
susceptibility measurements, and electronic, NMR and infrared spectral
studies. Based on these studies, a six coordinate octahedral geometry is
proposed for these complexes. The complexes were tested for their in vitro
antibacterial and antifungal activities. The minimum inhibitory concentration
shown by complexes was compared with that of standard drugs.
Biopolitical science
Authors: Arnhart Larry
Published: September 2010

This article develops a theoretical framework for biopolitical science as a science of political animals. This science moves through three levels of deep political history: the universal political history of the species, the cultural political history of the group, and the individual political history of animals in the group. To illustrate the particular application of biopolitical science, this essay shows how this science would help us to understand Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863.
Genuine fakes: Cloning extinct species as science and spectacle
Authors: Fletcher Amy
Published: September 2010

This case study of the Australian Museum's Thylacine Cloning Project analyzes a frame dispute that emerged during public communication of a scientific project, which lasted from 1999 to 2005, and was premised on the idea of resurrecting an extinct species. In choosing the Tasmanian tiger—an iconic Australian marsupial officially declared extinct in 1986—the promoters of the cloning project ensured extensive media coverage. However, the popular and scientific attention generated by the idea of bringing back an extinct species challenged the Museum's efforts to frame the project in terms of scientific progress. The project repeatedly shifted from science to spectacle, as multiple stakeholders used the mass media to negotiate the scientific feasibility of trying to reverse extinction through the application of advanced biotechnology. The case study findings are relevant both to the emerging social issues surrounding the use of paleogenomics in wildlife conservation, and to the theoretical development of frame analysis as applied to scientific controversies.
Introduction: Reconsidering genetic virtue
Authors: Bucy Erik P.
Published: September 2010

In his article from the previous issue of the journal, “Enhancing genetic virtue: A project for twenty-first century humanity?” Mark Walker proposes an interdisciplinary effort between philosophers, psychologists, and geneticists called the Genetic Virtue Program (GVP), whose aim is to employ biotechnology some time into the future to identify genetic correlates of “virtuous” behavior, such as truthfulness, justice, and caring.
Enhancing genetic virtue?
Authors: Agar Nicholas
Published: September 2010

Mark Walker's fascinating paper calls for a Genetic Virtue Program (GVP)—an interdisciplinary effort to enhance human ethics. He urges that we achieve this by “promoting genes that influence the acquisition of the virtues.” Although the GVP is a worthy focus of philosophical debate, I have to confess to some doubts about its viability. We patently don't live in the best of all possible worlds, but I'm skeptical about the notion that the way to improve the world is to make deliberate and specific ethical or moral enhancements.
Stochastic reconstruction of the microstructure of equilibrium form snow and computation of effective elastic properties
Authors: Yuan Hongyan , Lee Jonah H. , Guilkey James E.
Published: September 2010

Three-dimensional geometric descriptions of microstructure are indispensable to obtain the structure–property relationships of snow. Because snow is a random heterogeneous material, it is often helpful to construct stochastic geometric models that can be used to model physical and mechanical properties of snow. In the present study, the Gaussian random field-based stochastic reconstruction of the sieved and sintered dry-snow sample with grain size less than 1 mm is investigated. The one- and two-point correlation functions of the snow samples are used as input for the stochastic snow model. Several statistical descriptors not used as input to the stochastic reconstruction are computed for the real and reconstructed snow to assess the quality of the reconstructed images. For the snow samples and the reconstructed snow microstructure, we also estimate the mechanical properties and the size of the associated representative volume element using numerical simulations as additional assessment of the quality of the reconstructed images. The results indicate that the stochastic reconstruction technique used in this paper is reasonably accurate, robust and highly efficient in numerical computations for the high-density snow samples we consider.
Earthquake-induced snow avalanches: II. Experimental study
Authors: Podolskiy Evgeny A. , Nishimura Kouichi , Abe Osamu , Chernous Pavel A.
Published: September 2010

We conducted experiments on the stability of snow, subjecting snow to vibrations, with the aim of improving our understanding of poorly studied mechanisms behind the triggering of avalanches during earthquakes. Most experiments were carried out on a specially constructed shaking table using artificial snowpacks containing a weak layer. Accelerations in the snow samples were measured using high-frequency sensors, enabling calculation of vibration-induced stresses within the snow at the moment of fracture. We used a high-speed camera to film different types of fracturing. In all cases, the vibrations caused failure of the snow by fracturing along the weak layer or at the base of the snow sample. An additional inertial stress induced by accelerations normal to the shear plane was quantified. We find that this stress can be related to smaller values of the shear strength in snow.
Transient Hypothyroxinaemia in Full Term Low Birth Weight Neonates
Authors: Parveen Z , Begum N , Hossain MM
Published: September 2010

This prospective study was done in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from July 2002 to June 2003 todocument the postnatal changes of thyroid hormones in full term low birth weight (LBW) neonates. Theparameters were- serum TT4 (total thyroxin), TT3 (total triiodothyronine), FT4 (free thyroxin) and TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone). Twenty seven healthy full term neonates formed the control group (group A)who were studied on day 5 to observe the base line data. Study group (group B) consisted of 27 low birthweight (LBW) neonates. They were studied twice on day 5 (B1) and day 45 (B2). The mean ± SD gestational agewas 38.41±0.93 and 38.63±1.08 weeks in group A and B respectively. The mean ± SD birth weight were3.41±0.55 and 2.11±0.33 kg in group A and B respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). All neonates of group A had normal serum levels of TT4, TT3, FT4 and TSH on day 5 but in LBW fullterm neonates though FT4 level remained within normal range, 48% neonates of group B had significantlydecreased levels of TT4, TT3 and TSH (p<0.001) but on day 45 all of these hormone levels were significantlyincreased (p<0.001) and attained normal values. This study showed that 48% LBW neonates had transienthypothyroxinaemia on day 5 which was corrected spontaneously by day 45.Key words: Hypothyroxinaemia; Low birth weight (LBW).DOI: 10.3329/jafmc.v6i1.5984Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh Vol.6(1) 2010 p.8-11
Early Glasgow Sugar Plantations in the Caribbean
Authors: Nisbet Stuart M.
Published: September 2010

From the 17th century, Glasgow grew from a local market centre to a merchant city. Much of the wealth of its leading merchants came from Atlantic trade. Before the city's celebrated connections with Virginia, great success was achieved from trade with the Caribbean. In the late 17th century, Glasgow had more than a hundred merchants, part of a ‘Great Company’ trading with the Americas, including the Caribbean islands. 1 This was a two-way process, and various Glasgow pioneers operated at the colonial end.

This article explores the hitherto hidden background of two of the city's earliest and most successful Caribbean merchants. This is achieved by an investigation of the upstanding archaeology on their sugar plantations on the Leeward Island of St Kitts (St Christopher). It will suggest that to put Glasgow's development in proper context, we must consider this neglected part of its history and archaeology.
Role of Surgery in High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lawrentschuk N. , Trottier G. , Kuk C. , Zlotta A. R.
Published: September 2010

Men with high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) remain a challenge for clinicians. Until recently, surgery was not the preferred approach, in part because risk of subclinical metastatic disease, elevated rates of positive surgical margins, absence of randomized studies, and suboptimal cancer control did not justify the morbidity of surgery. No randomized data comparing surgery with radiation therapy are yet available. Data for and comparisons between treatment options should therefore be analyzed with extreme caution. When selecting the best treatment for patients with clinically localized high-risk PCa, considerations should include the life expectancy of the patient, the natural history of PCa, the curability of the disease, and the morbidity of treatment. High-grade PCa managed with noncurative intent greatly reduces life expectancy, but overall, it must also be remembered that radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT) appear to have similar effects on quality of life. In this population, RP necessitates an extended pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), but in selected cases, nerve-sparing is a therapeutic possibility and may offer a significant advantage over RT in terms of local control and—although absolutely not yet proved—maybe even in survival. One clear advantage is the ease of administering adjuvant or salvage external-beam RT (EBRT) after RP; conversely, salvage RP after failed EBRT is an exceedingly difficult surgery, with major complications. Surgery therefore has its place, but must be considered in the context of multimodality treatment and the risk of micrometastatic disease. Awaited trial results will help to further refine management in this group of patients.
Intermittent versus Continuous Androgen Suppression Therapy: Do We Have Consensus Yet?
Authors: Buchan N. C. , Goldenberg S. L.
Published: September 2010

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a cornerstone in the management of advanced prostate cancer for more than 50 years, but several aspects of the therapy remain controversial. Research since the mid-1980s has looked at the use of intermittent androgen suppression (IAS) as a way to reduce the side effects and costs of continuous androgen suppression. During that same time, testing for prostate-specific antigen resulted in forward stage migration both at diagnosis and at the time of treatment initiation. Earlier treatment has led to prolonged periods of ADT and increasing recognition of the resultant metabolic complications. With preclinical evidence suggesting a potential benefit for IAS in terms of time to androgen independence, with phase II and III studies producing optimistic results, and with the potential for reductions in cost and complications, IAS has become a popular modality of therapy around the globe. Large prospective randomized studies, currently ongoing, will ultimately determine the legitimate place of IAS in the treatment of prostate cancer.