bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des textes composites à l’école : nouvelle littéracie scolaire, apprentissages et inégalités
Authors: Viriot-Goeldel Caroline , Delarue-Breton Catherine
Published: January 2018

Substantial changes have occurred in the types of materials used for instruction in elementary school. Textbooks, for instance, may offer pages showing multiple texts, titles, pictures and schemes, a "composite" patchwork extending the usual meaning of "literacy" and illustrating an emerging "new school literacy". The present research investigated the effects of using these kinds of "composite" reading materials on first grade on students’ comprehension. Two classes of first-graders with contrasted socio-economic backgrounds were taught using the same two-page spread of a science textbook. The analyses of students’ oral productions revealed similar patterns as far as the comprehension of simpler, literal information was concerned. However, some differences appeared when it was a question of understanding more complex information, which required making connections between the textual and iconographic sources of information.
Pratiques de littératies multiples en atelier d’écriture plurielle : une fenêtre ouverte à l’expression d’identités plurilingues
Authors: Mathis Noëlle
Published: January 2018

In this article, I examine multilingual adult learners’ identity formation through their literacy practices in a writing workshop amidst a FSL course at university. I attempt this exploration by analyzing the discourses they hold on their practices as well as the texts they wrote in the workshop. I make the hypothesis that a context of acquisition open to literacy practices built on continua of biliteracy allows learners to (re) build their plurilingual identities.
Étude exploratoire des points de vue épistémologiques des enseignant(e)s universitaires de sciences. Cas d’une Faculté de sciences libanaise et francophone
Authors: El Khoury Reine , Boujaoude Saouma , El Hage Fadi
Published: January 2018

Cette recherche vise à sonder les conceptions sur 24 enseignants universitaires de sciences relatives à la science, d’une faculté de sciences, privée, libanaise et francophone, via une enquête par questionnaire et des entretiens semi-directifs, partiellement inspirés de questionnaires standardisés. Dans ce contexte, la plupart des enseignants enquêtés et interviewés ne sont pas formés en histoire, en philosophie, en épistémologie des sciences, ni en didactique des sciences. Ils mobilisent des conceptions épistémologiques contrastées concernant la science, tantôt adéquates, tantôt erronées, et témoignent de l’importance de l’intégration de l’histoire et de l’épistémologie des sciences dans le cursus scientifique.
Un « savoir-agir » professionnel stratégique de l'enseignant : susciter l'engagement des élèves
Authors: Joffray-Carré Carole
Published: January 2018

Dans cet article, nous nous attacherons à expliquer comment des professeurs des écoles débutants sont parvenus à partir de leur activité d’enseignement à construire des «savoir-agir» professionnels communs, à partir d’expériences et de dynamiques identitaires singulières. Ces «savoir-agir» sont organisés et orientés par un «concept pragmatique» visant à susciter chez les élèves un engagement dans les activités d’apprentissage.
Une résidence d’artiste à l’école : Enjeux et répercussions
Authors: Ruppin Virginie
Published: January 2018

An artist residency in France, integrated within a project opera primary school’s objective is to stimulate student interest and enhance their prospects by offering new learning tracks and developing skills and knowledge in a transversal approach. Our sociological framework articulating the problematic concepts and notions of partnership, worlds, conflict of values and principles initiates the assumption of values from the art world and the world of the school who find themselves in tension. The analysis of these school conflicts allows us to better understand issues ranging from the teacher’s side and the artist’s side. The results reveal an artist residency torn by tension values, highlight the impact of this device on students and reflect the complexity rarely shown human relationships within a school artistic partnership.
Rendre accessible les savoirs contenus dans les manuels scolaires aux élèves à BEP : des pratiques contrastées à interroger
Authors: Leroyer Laurence
Published: January 2018

L’école inclusive modifie le contexte dans lequel évoluent les enseignants. Ils doivent désormais adapter leurs enseignements aux élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers (BEP). Quelles adaptations pédagogiques opèrent-ils, notamment lorsqu’ils utilisent des manuels scolaires ? Ce texte rend compte de deux réponses d’enseignants auprès d’élèves dyslexiques. Ces réponses très différentes renvoient à la question des inégalités d’apprentissage. Comprendre ces différences nous conduit à appréhender la question de l’adaptation des supports d’apprentissage dans la complexité de l’activité de préparation de l’enseignant.
Médiation géologique de terrain. Explorer « le réel de terrain » et problématiser les événements grâce au récit
Authors: Dessart François , Triquet Eric
Published: January 2018

Nous analysons dans cet article, les modalités de mise en récit qui se mettent en place à l’occasion d’une sortie géologique sur le terrain. Nous étudions notamment comment, au moyen d’une approche narrative, un médiateur engage, ou non une forme de problématisation propre à la géologie de terrain : la problématisation historique. Nous formulons l’hypothèse que, dans ces situations de médiation scientifique, le récit peut constituer un outil efficace pour reconstruire la cohérence des événements, qui ont présidé à la mise en place du paysage géologique. En effet, le récit structure cette démarche historique, qui repose principalement sur la mise en cohérence d’indices de terrain, en vue de proposer des scénarios explicatifs. Nos résultats font apparaître que le médiateur ne cherche pas à proposer une lecture à rebours des événements, méthode caractéristique de cette démarche historique. S’il mobilise naturellement le récit pour explorer le «réel de terrain» et engager un travail de problématisation, celui-ci semble relever davantage d’une approche fonctionnaliste — centrée sur les phénomènes géologiques et non les événements — plus adaptée au réel dit «de laboratoire». Ainsi, ces situations de médiation semblent davantage déterminées par des enjeux de construction d’une scientificité du discours (enjeux de légitimation) que par des enjeux de partage du savoir (enjeux de médiation).
Comparaison des métiers de School Librations japonais et français. Vers la caractérisation des contours de la fonction enseignante contemporaine
Authors: Corbin-Ménard Jocelyne
Published: January 2018

Le Japon et la France ont doté leur système éducatif de bibliothèques scolaires et de métiers associés. Cette étude comparative des tâches du bibliothécaire enseignant japonais et du professeur documentaliste français révèle cependant que leur fonction enseignante relève de paradigmes plutôt dissonants. Au Japon, ce professeur de discipline titulaire d’une certification complémentaire développe principalement son activité au service du collectif, par des formes d’action indirectes. Son travail s’articule avec celui du bibliothécaire scolaire, personnel non enseignant. Ses tâches spécifiques consistent principalement en coordination et en formation des autres professeurs. En France, ce professeur sans discipline bénéficiant d’une formation propre comparable à celle des autres enseignants articule davantage des formes d’action indirectes à des formes d’action directes dirigées vers les élèves. Responsable du CDI, il peut créer les conditions pour optimiser les bienfaits de l’ «entracte » , ce temps entre les cours caractéristique des emplois du temps des collégiens et lycéens. Maître d’oeuvre, il interagit avec toute la communauté éducative pour faciliter l’ouverture de l’établissement et l’acquisition par tous les élèves d’une culture de l’information et des médias.
Étude de la dynamique d’interaction « enseignant-élève porteur de troubles du spectre autistique » à la maternelle
Authors: Despois Julien , André Amaël , Deneuve Pascale , Louvet Benoît
Published: January 2018

À l’école maternelle, l’engagement social des élèves porteurs de troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) apparaît comme un élément essentiel pour la réussite de l’inclusion. Un des facteurs de cet engagement social est la guidance de l’enseignant. Cette recherche vise d’une part à identifier les profils d’interaction dominants entre l’engagement social de l’élève porteur de TSA et la guidance de l’enseignant et d’autre part à étudier leur évolution au cours du temps. Les résultats indiquent que le profil d’interactions dominant relève d’un registre d’assimilation et montrent une stabilisation des profils au cours des trois mois.
Atopic Eczema Simulating Mammary Paget’s Disease in an Adult: Case Report
Authors: Nunes Debora Bacellar Cruz , Machado Adriana Kamilly Leitão Pitman , Goiabeira Michelle Fonseca , Silveira Samira Oliveira , Einecke Yandra Sherring , Mendes Alena Margareth Darwich , Dos Santos Maria Amélia Lopes , De Oliveira Miguel Saraty , Loureiro Walter Refkalefsky , Junior Leonidas Braga Dias , Nunes Juliana Bacellar Cruz , Nunes Mariana Bacellar Cruz , Carneiro Francisca Regina Oliveira
Published: January 2018

An atopic breast eczema is usually bilateral, with intense pruritus and good response to corticosteroids. The differential diagnosis with mammary Paget’s disease is fundamental, mainly in unilateral clinical manifestations, since it is frequently associated to adjacent breast tumors. The aim of the present report was to present a clinical condition of an atopic breast eczema through an exuberant and unilateral clinical presentation, emphasizing the need of the differential diagnosis for malignant diseases at this location.
Transport Properties of the Nuclear Pasta Phase with Quantum Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Nandi Rana , Schramm Stefan
Published: January 2018

We study the transport properties of nuclear pasta for a wide range of density, temperature, and proton fractions, relevant for different astrophysical scenarios adopting a quantum molecular dynamics model. In particular, we estimate the values of shear viscosity as well as electrical and thermal conductivities by calculating the static structure factor S(q) using simulation data. In the density and temperature range where the pasta phase appears, the static structure factor shows irregular behavior. The presence of a slab phase greatly enhances the peak in S(q). However, the effect of irregularities in S(q) on the transport coefficients is not very dramatic. The values of all three transport coefficients are found to have the same orders of magnitude as found in theoretical calculations for the inner crust matter of neutron stars without the pasta phase; therefore, the values are in contrast to earlier speculations that a pasta layer might be highly resistive, both thermally and electrically.
External Shock in a Multi-bursting Gamma-Ray Burst: Energy Injection Phase Induced by the Later Launched Ejecta
Authors: Lin Da-Bin , Huang Bao-Quan , Liu Tong , Gu Wei-Min , Mu Hui-Jun , Liang En-Wei
Published: January 2018

Central engines of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be intermittent and launch several episodes of ejecta separated by a long quiescent interval. In this scenario, an external shock is formed due to the propagation of the first launched ejecta into the circum-burst medium and the later launched ejecta may interact with the external shock at a later period. Owing to the internal dissipation, the later launched ejecta may be observed at a later time (t
jet). In this paper, we study the relation of t
b and t
jet, where t
b is the collision time of the later launched ejecta with the formed external shock. It is found that the relation of t
b and t
jet depends on the bulk Lorentz factor (Γjet) of the later launched ejecta and the density (ρ) of the circum-burst medium. If the value of Γjet or ρ is low, the t
b would be significantly larger than t
jet. However, the t
b ∼ t
jet can be found if the value of Γjet or ρ is significantly large. Our results can explain the large lag of the optical emission relative to the γ-ray/X-ray emission in GRBs, e.g., GRB 111209A. For GRBs with a precursor, our results suggest that the energy injection into the external shock and thus more than one external-reverse shock may appear in the main prompt emission phase. According to our model, we estimate the Lorentz factor of the second launched ejecta in GRB 160625B.
The Presence of Dust and Ice Scattering in X-Ray Emissions from Comets
Authors: Snios Bradford , Lichtman Jack , Kharchenko Vasili
Published: January 2018

X-ray emissions from cometary atmospheres were modeled from first principles using the charge-exchange interaction with solar wind ions as well as coherent scattering of solar X-rays from dust and ice grains. Scattering cross-sections were interpolated over the 1 nm–1 cm grain radius range using approximations based on the optically thin or thick nature of grains with different sizes. The theoretical emission model was compared to Chandra observations of Comets ISON and Ikeya–Zhang due to their high signal-to-noise ratios and clearly defined spectral features. Comparing the observed intensities to the model showed that the charge-exchange mechanism accurately reproduced the emission spectra below 1 keV, while dust and ice scattering was negligible. Examining the 1–2 keV range found dust and ice scattering emissions to agree well with observations, while charge-exchange contributions were insignificant. Spectral features between the scattering model and observations also trended similarly over the 1–2 keV range. The dust and ice density within the cometary atmosphere n was varied with respect to grain size a as the function

, with Ikeya–Zhang requiring

and ISON requiring

to best fit the observed spectral intensities. These grain size dependencies agreed with independent observations and simulations of such systems. The overall findings demonstrate evidence of significant scattering emissions present above 1 keV in the analyzed cometary emission spectra and that the dust/ice density dependence on grain radius a may vary significantly between comets.
Planetary Engulfment in the Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram
Authors: MacLeod Morgan , Cantiello Matteo , Soares-Furtado Melinda
Published: January 2018

Planets accompany most Sun-like stars. The orbits of many are sufficiently close that they will be engulfed when their host stars ascend the giant branch. This Letter compares the power generated by orbital decay of an engulfed planet to the intrinsic stellar luminosity. Orbital decay power is generated by drag on the engulfed companion by the surrounding envelope. As stars ascend the giant branch their envelope density drops and so does the power injected through orbital decay, scaling approximately as

. Their luminosity, however, increases along the giant branch. These opposed scalings indicate a crossing, where

. We consider the engulfment of planets along isochrones in the Hertzsprung–Russell (H–R) diagram. We find that the conditions for such a crossing occur around

(or

au) for Jovian planetary companions. The consumption of closer-in giant planets, such as hot Jupiters, leads to

, while more distant planets such as warm Jupiters,

, lead to minor perturbations of their host stars with

. Our results map out the parameter space along the giant branch in the H–R Diagram where interaction with planetary companions leads to significant energetic disturbance of host stars.
Abordagem comunicativa em sala de aula: uma autorreflexão docente
Authors: Miola Diullye , Engelmann Gabriele Leske
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho analisa as abordagens comunicativas a fim de desenvolvermos uma autorreflexão docente. As abordagens ocorreram por meio de uma atividade realizada pelo grupo PIBID, utilizando como metodologia as análises discursivas de Mortimer e Scott (2002), para verificar como ocorrem as interações entre estudantes e futuros professores de química. Para tal análise, realizamos leitura e discussão de um texto: “Identificação Genômica: o DNA Forense” como forma de contextualizar a química forense em uma sequência didática. Essa atividade serviu como base para o entendimento das análises discursivas existentes na interação entre estudantes de Ensino Médio de um Colégio da Rede Pública do Estado do Paraná e acadêmicos do subprojeto PIBID, os quais denominamos como pibidianos. As discussões foram gravadas com gravadores de áudio e depois transcritas para análise. Os métodos apresentados nas análises discursivas nos conduzem a uma autorreflexão da prática docente na interação de futuros professores de Química com estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede pública de Toledo/PR. Como a atividade foi desenvolvida pelo grupo de acadêmicos do PIBID, um dos principais focos do projeto consistiu em permitir aos pibidianos vivências sobre práticas pedagógicas em sala de aula. Com isso, esta atividade permitiu a esses acadêmicos, por meio das abordagens comunicativas de Mortimer e Scott (2002), identificar os posicionamentos pedagógicos na discussão de um texto, a fim de analisar suas ações no decorrer da atividade.
Sujeito e objeto na produção do conhecimento científico
Authors: Batista Josiel De Oliveira , Mocrosky Luciane Ferreira , Mondini Fabiane
Published: January 2018

A produção do conhecimento científico vem sendo compreendida no decorrer dos séculos pelo modo como o ser humano faz ciência. Historicamente, essa ação, que é intencionalmente voltada a realizar e comunicar os resultados obtidos para que estes tenham valia nos mais variados temas e interesses, vem se sustentando em posturas investigativas ao estilo de que sujeito e objeto são assumidos na trama produtiva. Neste trabalho discutiremos a simbiose entre sujeito e objeto em diferentes perspectivas científicas, mais especificamente no racionalismo, no empirismo e na fenomenologia, três correntes epistemológicas em destaque que fundamentam os discursos sobre o que a ciência é nos dias atuais. Iniciamos pelo viés empirista de Francis Bacon, onde sujeito e objeto podem ser vistos independentemente e vamos em direção à visão fenomenológica, que entende a indissociabilidade de ambos, caracterizando o encontro fenômeno-percebido. Uma possível síntese compreensiva desse estudo sinaliza o movimento de enlace sujeito-objeto que se dá na produção da ciência, de modo que ao se abordar um, o outro também está presente Também foi possível ver que a maneira pela qual a ciência é produzida, até os dias atuais, permite identificar formas diferenciadas de abordá-la, tratá-la e desenvolvê-la. Sendo assim, o trazido neste texto visa contribuir com a educação, uma vez que abre possibilidades de compreensões das diferentes posturas assumidas e que sustentam os modos de produzir conhecimento.
O contrato didático em aulas de energia no ensino da química e da física
Authors: Souza Larissa Oliveira , Simões Neto José Euzebio , Brito Lima Anna Paula De Avelar
Published: January 2018

A presente pesquisa buscou analisar o Contrato Didático no Ensino Superior e Médio, especificamente na Licenciatura em Química e em Física da UFRPE e em uma escola de Ensino Médio da rede particular da região metropolitana do Recife, a partir das interações discursivas ocorridas entre os alunos dos respectivos cursos e níveis de ensino e um pesquisador. A noção do Contrato Didático foi inicialmente estudada por Guy Brousseau e diz respeito às cláusulas, em parte explícitas, mas na maioria implícitas, que regulam a divisão de responsabilidades e expectativas entre professor e aluno, na gestão de um saber. A intervenção didática realizada nas salas de aula foi constituída por quatro momentos, que foram registrados em vídeo. Para esta pesquisa realizamos um recorte de uma das etapas. Tratou-se de um debate motivado por cinco situações-problema sobre os diversos modos de pensar e formas de falar o conceito de energia. A análise realizada indicou a ocorrência de expectativa para com o outro, rupturas, negociações, renegociações e efeito Topázio na gestão do Contrato Didático do saber Energia.
Comparative Efficacy of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Metaanalysis
Authors: Wang Runsheng , Dasgupta Abhijit , Ward Michael M.
Published: January 2018

Objective.

To compare the efficacy of 6 tumor necrosis factor–α inhibitors (TNFi) in treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at 12 weeks and 24 weeks.

Methods.

We performed a systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials of TNFi in patients with active AS. We included trials that reported efficacy at 10 to 14 weeks (12–week analysis) and at 24 to 30 weeks (24-week analysis). We used Bayesian network metaanalysis (NMA) to compare their relative efficacy to improve the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) level.

Results.

We included 20 trials of 6 TNFi, with 43 treatment arms and 3220 participants. All TNFi were significantly better than placebo in reducing BASDAI and BASFI at 12 weeks and 24 weeks; all but certolizumab pegol (CZP) were statistically better than placebo in reducing CRP at 12 weeks; all but CZP and infliximab-dyyb (IFX biosimilar) were significantly better than placebo in reducing CRP at 24 weeks. IFX was superior to the other TNFi in decreasing BASDAI at 12 weeks, but not at 24 weeks. Excluding 1 open-label trial, there were no differences among TNFi.

Conclusion.

Based on this NMA of clinical trials, IFX was superior to other TNFi in reducing BASDAI at 12 weeks, but sensitive to inclusion of an open-label trial, and its efficacy was diminished at 24 weeks. The analysis was limited by few direct comparison trials. Further study of relative safety and longterm effectiveness will help inform the choice of TNFi in treating active AS.
Trends in Healthcare Expenditures among Individuals with Arthritis in the United States from 2008 to 2014
Authors: Raval Amit D. , Vyas Ami
Published: January 2018

Objective.

With the expected rise in the arthritis population, information is required regarding trends of healthcare expenditures among individuals with arthritis in the United States. We examined temporal trends in direct and out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditures among individuals with arthritis using a nationally representative database, the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey.

Methods.

The study population was composed of cross-sectional cohorts of individuals aged ≥ 18 years from 2008 to 2014. Two-part models were used to estimate the incremental total and types of annual direct and OOP healthcare expenditures (adjusted to 2014 US dollars) for arthritis, after controlling for predisposing, enabling, need, personal health practice, and external environmental factors, as per the Anderson Healthcare Behavioral Model.

Results.

An annual weighted arthritis population rose from 56.1 million in 2008 to 65.1 million in 2014. Among individuals with arthritis, the annual average direct and OOP expenditure was $10,424 [standard error (SE) = $345, aggregate = $584.8 billion] and $1493 (SE = $50, aggregate = $83.8 billion) in 2008, respectively, and $910 (SE = $279, total = $645.1 billion) and $1099 (SE = $36, aggregate = $71.5 billion) in 2014, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, individuals with arthritis had significantly greater total and OOP expenditures from 2008 to 2014; however, the magnitude of incremental OOP expenditure declined from 2008 to 2014.

Conclusion.

Although the annual direct healthcare expenditures per person remained stable over the years, the rise in proportion of the arthritis population led to a huge increase in aggregate economic burden to the US healthcare system.
Judaïsme et entrée dans la modernité : le projet de l’Alliance israélite universelle
Authors: Assan Valérie
Published: January 2018

Résumé Fondée à Paris en 1860, l’Alliance israélite universelle fut le premier organisme transnational d’aide aux Juifs opprimés. Si son objectif était politique (lutter contre les discriminations contre la minorité juive et favoriser son intégration sociale), son principal moyen d’action fut l’éducation. Son réseau scolaire, qui s’étendait du Maroc à l’Iran, fut à son apogée à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. Dans cet article, qui s’appuie sur l’historiographie récente, on revient sur l’héritage de la Haskala et de l’esprit des Lumières dans l’idéologie et l’action de l’AIU et sur les ambiguïtés de la mise en œuvre de son programme de « régénération » des Juifs d’Orient.
La « libre maison d’étude juive » ( freies jüdisches Lehrhaus ) de Franz Rosenzweig
Authors: Hanus Gilles
Published: January 2018

Résumé La Libre maison d’étude juive ( Freies jüdisches Lehrhaus ) qui ouvrit ses portes à Francfort le 17 octobre 1920 sous la direction de Franz Rosenzweig fut l’une des expériences d’enseignement les plus intéressantes de l’histoire moderne du judaïsme allemand, tant par la qualité de ses intervenants que par les pratiques qu’elle s’efforçait de mettre en œuvre. Résultat d’une longue réflexion de Rosenzweig sur les moyens permettant de susciter une vie juive intense face à la dilution assimilatrice, au libéralisme religieux, à la néo-orthodoxie et au rêve sioniste, elle avait pour vocation de renouveler profondément l’étude, cœur de la vie et du monde juifs. Notre article s’efforcera de synthétiser son histoire, ses pratiques et d’en tirer si possible des pistes de réflexion sur l’enseignement en général.
Au-delà du sens : Perec, le Talmud et les ateliers d’écriture
Authors: Aurbach Suzanne
Published: January 2018

Quand les approches d’écriture, proposées par Georges Perec, qui fut oulipien et bien plus, sont mises en œuvre dans les ateliers d’écriture, on peut constater combien ces opérations, qui fracturent le sens et ouvrent l’écrit, correspondent aux pratiques du Talmud et de la Cabbale.
Riccardo Massa, philosophe et pédagogue italien. Réflexions pédagogiques d’une élève
Authors: Orsenigo Joie
Published: January 2018

Riccardo Massa (1945-2000) a été l’un des protagonistes de la pédagogie italienne. Occupant, en tant que militant de la Gauche, une position inconfortable, il a revendiqué l’urgence d’une réflexion laïque et hardie autour de l’éducation. Il a utilisé les enseignements de Luis Althusser, Gilles Deleuze et surtout Michel Foucault pour affronter les questions liées à l’épistémologie, à la pédagogie et aux thèmes de l’Éros pédagogique et de son pouvoir, en étudiant les latences pédagogiques grâce à une méthode novatrice de recherche, formation et conseil, dite Clinique de la formation, qu’il a lui-même inventée. Il a œuvré pour faire de l’éducation une profession, en fondant auprès de l’université de Milan-Bicocca, à la fin des années 1990, la Faculté des sciences de la formation – l’une des premières en Italie – et le Département d’épistémologie et d’herméneutique de la formation. Dans cet article, je recueille en élève son héritage, en commentant son œuvre : la notion de domaine pédagogique en tant que vaste et complexe archipel, où la pédagogie perd son rôle de synthèse mais acquiert une dignité égale à celle des autres sciences humaines ; ainsi que la reconnaissance de la figure de l’éducateur dans les équipes multidisciplinaires.
Yoga Offers Cardiovascular Protection in Early Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Praveena Sinha M , Asha Gandhi , Sunita Mondal , Anju Jain , Ratna Biswas
Published: January 2018

Context:

Postmenopause, an estrogen deficient state comes with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Yoga has been described as having a beneficial effect on heart rate variability (HRV), a marker for cardiac autonomic activity which can assess cardiovascular risk, in various populations.

Aim:

the aim of the study was to study the effect of 3-month long Yoga practice on HRV in early postmenopausal women.

Settings and Design:

A prospective longitudinal study of 67 women within 5 years of menopause between 45 and 60 years of age attending menopause clinic of Department of Gynaecology, Sucheta Kriplani Hospital fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria and consenting were enrolled for the study.

Subjects and Methods:

HRV of 37 cases (Yoga group) and 30 controls (non-Yoga group) was recorded pre and 3-month postintervention.

Statistical Analysis Used:

GraphPad Prism Version 5 software was used. Values are a mean and standard error of mean. Statistical significance was set up at P < 0.05.

Results:

In HRV, frequency domain analysis showed a significant fall in low frequency (LF) in normalized units (nu) and LF: high frequency (HF) ratio and significant rise in HF in nu in the Yoga group (depicting parasympathetic dominance) against a significant rise in LF (nu) and LF: HF ratio and significant fall in HF (nu) in non-Yoga group (indicating sympathetic dominance). Time domain analysis showed a significant decrease in Standard Deviation of NN intervals in Non-Yoga group against nonsignificant changes in Yoga group indicating deterioration in parasympathetic activity in non-Yoga group.

Conclusions:

Three-month long Yoga practice improved HRV in early postmenopausal women significantly and has the potential to attenuate the CVD risk in postmenopausal women.
Therapeutic Response to Dihydroartemisinin–Piperaquine for P. falciparum and P. vivax Nine Years after Its Introduction in Southern Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Poespoprodjo Jeanne Rini , Kenangalem Enny , Wafom Johny , Chandrawati Freis , Puspitasari Agatha M. , Ley Benedikt , Trianty Leily , Korten Zoé , Surya Asik , Syafruddin Din , Anstey Nicholas M. , Marfurt Jutta , Noviyanti Rintis , Price Ric N.
Published: January 2018

Dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DHP) has been the first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria due to both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in Papua, Indonesia, since March 2006. The efficacy of DHP was reassessed to determine whether there had been any decline following almost a decade of its extensive use. An open-label drug efficacy study of DHP for uncomplicated P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria was carried out between March 2015 and April 2016 in Timika, Papua, Indonesia. Patients with uncomplicated malaria were administered supervised DHP tablets once daily for 3 days. Clinical and laboratory data were collected daily until parasite clearance and then weekly for 6 weeks. Molecular analysis was undertaken for all patients with recurrent parasitemia. A total of 129 study patients were enrolled in the study. At day 42, the polymerase chain reaction-adjusted efficacy was 97.7% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 87.4–99.9) in the 61 patients with P. falciparum malaria, and 98.2% [95% CI: 90.3–100] in the 56 patients with P. vivax malaria. By day 2, 98% (56/57) of patients with P. falciparum and 96.9% (63/65) of those with P. vivax had cleared their peripheral parasitemia; none of the patients were still parasitaemic on day 3. Molecular analysis of P. falciparum parasites showed that none (0/61) had K13 mutations associated previously with artemisinin resistance or increased copy number of plasmepsin 2–3 (0/61). In the absence of artemisinin resistance, DHP has retained high efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria despite extensive drug pressure over a 9-year period.
Case Report: Neurobrucellosis with Plastered Spinal Arachnoiditis: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Report
Authors: Nashi Saraswati , Preethish-Kumar Veeramani , Maji Sayani , Chandrashekar Nagarathna , Polavarapu Kiran , Kashinkunti Chetan , Bhattacharya Kajari , Saini Jitender , Nalini Atchayaram
Published: January 2018

Diffuse spinal arachnoiditis in neurobrucellosis is a rare manifestation. We report a boy aged 17, presenting with hearing impairment and recurrent vomiting for 18 months, weight loss for 12 months, dysphagia, dysarthria, hypophonia for 6 months, and gait unsteadiness for 5 months. He had bilateral 5th (motor) to 12th cranial nerve palsy, wasting and weakness of limbs, fasciculations, absent tendon reflexes, and positive Babinski’s sign. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed raised protein and pleocytosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive enhancing exudates in cisterns and post-contrast enhancement of bilateral 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th nerves. Spine showed clumping with contrast enhancement of the cauda equina roots and encasement of the cord with exudates. Serum and CSF were positive for anti-Brucella antibodies. He showed significant improvement with antibiotics. At 4 months follow-up, MRI demonstrated near complete resolution of cranial and spinal arachnoiditis. It is important to recognize such rare atypical presentations of neurobrucellosis.
Biography of an Industrial Landscape
Authors: Riesto Svava
Published: January 2018

Biography of an Industrial Landscape tells the story of one of the most significant urban redevelopment projects in northern Europe at the turn of the century. Examining the reinvention of the Carlsberg brewery site in Copenhagen as a city district, Svava Riesto unpacks the deeper assumptions about value that lie behind contemporary design, spatial planning and heritage practices. In particular, Riesto examines ways of valuing a vital yet seldom explicitly discussed feature of industrial landscapes: open space. Carlsberg's industrial open spaces were largely disregarded during the redevelopment, which was founded on canonical heritage thinking and ideas about urban space that were poorly equipped to include the characteristics of these spaces in the design's considerations. As a response, this account reappraises industrial open spaces. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre and biographical approaches to landscape research, the Carlsberg site's open spaces are presented anew as an interplay of materials, practices and the imagination - shaped and reshaped by water, yeast, industrial working routines and conflicting ideas about the future city.
‘Omg zo fashionably english’
Authors: Vriesendorp Hielke , Rutten Gijsbert
Published: January 2018

Although the influence of English on Dutch is mainly visible in a large number of lexical borrowings (De Decker & Vandekerckhove, 2012; Berteloot & Van der Sijs, 2002), a newly compiled corpus of chat conversations between Dutch young adults shows that some native speakers of Dutch codeswitch to English in their Dutch conversations and use English creatively. In this study this is explained as an identity practice for young gay men in a community of practice where non-heteronormative gay-celebratory identities are constructed, due to the connotations of English with the (always English-speaking) entertainment in which these speakers can find multidimensional, young, and ‘cool’ gay role models.
Chlorine oxidation of VOCs at a semi-rural site in Beijing: Significant chlorine liberation from ClNO2 and subsequent gas and particle phase Cl-VOC production
Authors: Le Breton Michael , Hallquist Åsa M. , Pathak Ravi Kant , Simpson David , Wang Yujue , Johansson John , Zheng Jing , Yang Yudong , Shang Dongjie , Wang Haichao , Liu Qianyun , Chan Chak , Wang Tao , Bannan Thomas J. , Priestley Michael , Percival Carl J. , Shallcross Dudley E. , Lu Keding , Guo Song , Hu Min , Hallquist Mattias
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Nitryl Chloride (ClNO2) accumulation at night-time acts as a significant reservoir for active chlorine and impacts the following day's photochemistry when the chlorine atom is liberated at sunrise. Here, we report simultaneous measurements of N2O5, a suite of inorganic halogens including ClNO2 and Cl-VOCs in the gas and particle phase utilizing the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS during an intensive measurement campaign 40 km Northwest of Beijing in May and June 2016. A maximum concentration of 2900 ppt of ClNO2 was observed with a mean campaign night-time concentration of 487 ppt, appearing to have an anthropogenic source supported by correlation with SO2, CO and benzene, which often persisted at high levels after sunrise until midday. This was attributed to such high concentrations persisting after numerous e-folding times of the photolytic lifetime enabling the chlorine atom production to reach 2.3 × 105 molecules cm−3 from ClNO2 alone, peaking at 9:30 am and up to 8.4 × 105 molecules cm−3 when including the supporting inorganic halogen measurements. Cl-VOCs were measured in the particle and gas phase for the first time at high time resolution and illustrate how the iodide ToF-CIMS can detect unique markers of chlorine atom chemistry in ambient air from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Their presence and abundance can be explained via time series of their measured and steady state calculated precursors, enabling the assessment of competing OH and chlorine atom oxidation via measurements of products from both of these mechanisms and their relative contribution to SOA formation.
Impact of magnetic storms on the global TEC distribution
Authors: Blagoveshchensky Donat V. , Maltseva Olga A. , Sergeeva Maria A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The study is focused on the analysis of Total Electron Content (TEC) variations during six geomagnetic storms of different intensity: from Dstmin = −46 nT to Dstmin = −223 nT. The values of TEC deviations from its 27-day median value (δTEC) were calculated during the periods of the storms along three meridians: American, Euro-African and Asian-Australian. The following results were obtained. For the majority of the storms almost simultaneous occurrence of δTEC maximums was observed along the Asian-Australian and Euro-African meridians at the beginning of the storm. The transition from weak storm to superstorm (the increase of magnetic activity) almost does not affect the intensity of δTEC maximum. The effect revealed for the American sector during two storms was the movement of the disturbance front from Northern and Southern high latitudes towards the equator with the average velocity of ~ 400 m/s. The seasonal effect was most pronounced at Asian-Australian meridian, less often at Euro-African meridian and was not revealed at American meridian. Sometimes the seasonal effect can penetrate to the opposite hemisphere. The character of averaged δTEC variations for the intense storms was confirmed by GOES satellite data. The behaviour of correlation coefficient (R) between δTEC at three meridians was analyzed for each storm. In general, R > 0.5 between δTEC averaged along each meridian. This result is new. The possible reasons for the exceptions (when R
Interactive effects of seawater carbonate chemistry, light intensity and nutrient availability on physiology and calcification of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Zhang Yong , Fu Feixue , Hutchins David A. , Gao Kunshan
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Rising atmospheric carbonate dioxide (CO2) levels lead to increasing CO2 concentration and declining pH in seawater, as well as ocean warming. This enhances stratification and shoals the upper mixed layer (UML), hindering the transport of nutrients from deeper waters and exposing phytoplankton to increased light intensities. In the present study, we investigated combined impacts of CO2 levels (410 μatm (LC) and 925 μatm (HC)), light intensities (80–480 μmol photons m−2 s−1) and nutrient concentrations [101 μmol L−1 dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and 10.5 μmol L−1 dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) (HNHP); 8.8 μmol L−1 DIN and 10.5 μmol L−1 DIP (LN); 101 μmol L−1 DIN and 0.4 μmol L−1 DIP (LP)] on growth, photosynthesis and calcification of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. HC and LN synergistically decreased growth rates of E. huxleyi at all light intensities. High light intensities compensated for inhibition of LP on growth rates at LC, but exacerbated inhibition of LP at HC. These results indicate that the ability of E. huxleyi to compete for nitrate and phosphate may be reduced in future oceans with high CO2 and high light intensities. Low nutrient concentrations increased particulate inorganic carbon quotas and the sensitivity of maximum electron transport rates to light intensity. Light-use efficiencies for carbon fixation and calcification rates were significantly larger than that of growth. Our results suggest that interactive effects of multiple environmental factors on coccolithophores need to be considered when predicting their contributions to the biological carbon pump and feedbacks to climate change.
A 1500-year multiproxy record of coastal hypoxia from the northern Baltic Sea indicates unprecedented deoxygenation over the 20th century
Authors: Jokinen Sami A. , Virtasalo Joonas J. , Jilbert Tom , Kaiser Jérôme , Dellwig Olaf , Arz Helge W. , Hänninen Jari , Arppe Laura , Collander Miia , Saarinen Timo
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The anthropogenically forced expansion of coastal hypoxia is a major environmental problem affecting coastal ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles throughout the world. The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed shelf sea whose central deep basins have been highly prone to deoxygenation during its Holocene history, as shown previously by numerous paleoenvironmental studies. However, long-term data on past fluctuations in the intensity of hypoxia in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea are largely lacking, despite the significant role of these areas in retaining nutrients derived from the catchment. Here we present a 1500-year multiproxy record of near-bottom water redox changes from the coastal zone of the northern Baltic Sea, encompassing the climatic phases of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the Little Ice Age (LIA), and the Modern Warm Period (MoWP). Our reconstruction shows that although multicentennial climate variability has modulated depositional conditions and delivery of organic matter (OM) to the basin the modern aggravation of coastal hypoxia is unprecedented, and besides gradual changes in the basin configuration, it must have been forced by excess human-induced nutrient loading. The progressive deoxygenation since the beginning of 1900s was originally triggered by the combined effects of gradual shoaling of the basin and warming climate, which amplified sediment focusing and increased the vulnerability to hypoxia. Importantly, the anthropogenic eutrophication of coastal waters in our study area began decades earlier than previously thought, leading to a marked aggravation of hypoxia in the 1950s through fueling primary productivity, while we find no evidence of anthropogenic forcing during the MCA. These results have implications for the assessment of reference conditions for coastal water quality. Furthermore, this study highlights the need for combined use of sedimentological, ichnological, and geochemical proxies in order to robustly reconstruct subtle redox shifts especially in dynamic, non-euxinic coastal settings with strong seasonal contrasts in the bottom water quality.
Autumn–winter minimum temperature changes in the southern Sikhote-Alin mountain range of northeastern Asia since 1529 AD
Authors: Ukhvatkina Olga N. , Omelko Alexander M. , Zhmerenetsky Alexander A. , Petrenko Tatyana Y.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The aim of our research was to reconstruct climatic parameters (for the first time for the Sikhote-Alin mountain range) and to compare them with global climate fluctuations. As a result, we have found that one of the most important limiting factors for the study area is the minimum temperatures of the previous autumn–winter season (August–December), and this finding perfectly conforms to that in other territories. We reconstructed the previous August–December minimum temperature for 485 years, from 1529 to 2014. We found 12 cold periods (1535–1540, 1550–1555, 1643–1649, 1659–1667, 1675–1689, 1722–1735, 1791–1803, 1807–1818, 1822–1827, 1836–1852, 1868–1887, 1911–1925) and seven warm periods (1560–1585, 1600–1610, 1614–1618, 1738–1743, 1756–1759, 1776–1781, 1944–2014). These periods correlate well with reconstructed data for the Northern Hemisphere and the neighboring territories of China and Japan. Our reconstruction has 3-, 9-, 20-, and 200-year periods, which may be in line with high-frequency fluctuations in El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the short-term solar cycle, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) fluctuations, and the 200-year solar activity cycle, respectively. We suppose that the temperature of the North Pacific, expressed by the PDO may make a major contribution to regional climate variations. We also assume that the regional climatic response to solar activity becomes apparent in the temperature changes in the northern part of Pacific Ocean and corresponds to cold periods during the solar minimum. These comparisons show that our climatic reconstruction based on tree ring chronology for this area may potentially provide a proxy record for long-term, large-scale past temperature patterns for northeastern Asia. The reconstruction reflects the global traits and local variations in the climatic processes of the southern territory of the Russian Far East for more than the past 450 years.
A risk assessment methodology to evaluate the risk failure of
Managed Aquifer Recharge in Mediterranean basin
Authors: Rodríguez-Escales Paula , Canelles Arnau , Sanchez-Vila Xavier , Folch Albert , Kurtzman Daniel , Rossetto Rudy , Fernández-Escalante Enrique , Lobo-Ferreiro João-Paulo , Sapiano Manuel , San-Sebastián Jon , Schüth Christopher
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) activities can be affected by a combination of hazardous events. Those events are related to different aspects of recharge, water availability and quality, engineering issues, etc. Many other works have acknowledged risks of this nature, theoretically, however their quantification and definition has not been developed. In this study, the risk definition and quantification has been performed by means of Fault Trees and Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). We defined a fault tree with 65 basic events applicable to operation phase. After that, we have applied this methodology to six different Managed Aquifer Recharge sites located at the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta and Israel). The probabilities of the basic events were defined by expert criteria, based on the knowledge of the different managers of the facilities. From that, we conclude that in all sites, the perception of the expert criteria of the non-technical aspects were as much or even more important than the technical ones. Regarding the risk results, we observe that the total risk in three of six sites was equal or above 0.90. That would mean that the MAR facilities have a risk of failure equal or higher than 90 % in the period of 2–6 years. The other three sites presented lower risks (75 %, 29 % and 18 % respectively).