bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nationalization of the UK Coal Industry in the Middle of the Twentieth Century
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Shishikin Vitalii
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The relevance of studying the activities of the fuel and energy complex, which plays an important role in the modern economy, is supported by the fact that in this sector there is an active interaction between the authorities and private business. In Russia, this issue has not been fully resolved, and therefore the experience of a state such as Great Britain will be important in carrying out transformations. Methods and materials. The key ones in the study of the topic are regulations, statistics and office documentation in English, as well as the works of foreign authors. By nature, the study is historical and implies the use of specialized and general scientific methods of cognition. Analysis. The subject of the study is the British coal industry, which in the interwar period was faced with a structural crisis, related to shifts in the global economy and the impact of domestic market factors. As a response, controversy arose in the ruling circles and the scientific community of the United Kingdom regarding the increased influence of the authorities on economic processes and related measures of support to the population. The nationalization of coal mining, planned even before World War II, was carried out only in 1946–1947 and led to the formalization of a state monopoly that gave stability to the domestic coal market. The multi-level management structure of the association made it possible to quickly respond to emerging problems, and the involvement of members of the public and experts helped to build a system for exchanging information and interaction between the company’s management, industry enterprises and coal consumers. In fact, the authorities took control of the modernization of coal mining and its adaptation to the needs of industry, transport and households, emphasizing not only quantitative but also qualitative indicators of the coal sector. Results. Thus, state regulation of economic processes and transfer of coal industry facilities in favor of the Crown, they did not act as goals in themselves, but were a stabilizing measure during the transitional period for the country.
Anti-Crisis Policy of the Southern Russian Regions in the Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kalinina Alla , Mitrofanova Inna ,   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernova Olga ,   Southern Federal University
Published: June 2022

Introduction. This study analyzes the anti-crisis policy of the southern Russian regions during the three waves of the pandemic, and also assesses the nature of its change as the corona crisis develops. It was important to identify how the regional anti-crisis policy determines the choice of mechanisms and tools for solving the problems of socio-economic development of regions. Methodology and methods. The analysis was carried out in accordance with the methodology proposed by G. Buckert, in the following areas of anti-crisis management: monitoring, training, decision-making, coordination, communication, leadership and recovery potential. The following methods were used to conduct the study: context analysis – a qualitative analysis of documents adopted by regional authorities; quantitative analysis – analysis of socio-economic indicators that reflect the reactions of the economy to decisions made by regional authorities. Analysis. The study showed that regardless of the strength of the impact of the corona crisis and the extent of the damage caused, the content of the policy of the regional authorities can be characterized as “following the center”, which is largely due to the desire to avoid responsibility for the consequences of decisions made. At the first stages of the development of the corona crisis, the goals of containing the spread of coronavirus and state support for the most affected sectors of the economy from the introduction of restrictive measures were the priority. Starting from the second and subsequent waves of the pandemic, the introduction of various measures related to the mass vaccination of the population has become a key area of regional policy. Results. The key problem of the implementation of regional policy measures is identified – inefficient information work of regional authorities, which led to information asymmetry with the increased influence of the media on the social moods of citizens. It is concluded that in order to increase the efficiency of regional policy implementation measures in order to increase the sustainability of regional development, it is important that the ongoing coordination interactions between the authorities at different levels of government have clear goals for restoring the regional economy, and restorative measures should be prioritized with the supply maintenance policy.
The 4th Century BC Female Burials with Snakes from the Burial Ground at Village Lyatoshinka
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Balabanova Mariya , Klepikov Valeriy ,   Volgograd State University, Pererva Evgeniy ,   Volgograd State University
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The article presents the results of the study of two burials of the 4th century BC with snakes from the Lyatoshinka burial ground in the Volgograd Transvolga region. Methods and materials. In the process of investigation, an interdisciplinary approach was used with the inclusion of a typological method, the method of analogies and cross-dating, methods of craniological research (craniometry and cranioscopy), as well as methods for analyzing skulls pathological states. Ethnographic data were used to draw conclusions about semantics. The sources of the study are the paired burials 8 and 10 of kurgan 5 of the Lyatoshinka burial ground and three female skulls. Analysis. As a result of studying the funeral rite and elements of material culture, both burials were linked to the 4th century BC. The analysis of the anthropological material makes it possible to attribute the craniological type of women to the type of ancient Eastern Caucasoids, which is widely represented in the synchronous materials of the Southern Urals and the Lower Volga region. The morphological feature of this skull group is the presence of traces of deliberate fronto-occipital cranial deformation. The pathological state study of the skulls revealed that all the three women had chronic periodontal disease and severe tooth wear. Results and their discussion. The comprehensive analysis of the features of the funeral rite and grave goods, as well as the presence of traces of artificial cranial deformation, which at that time is very rare, suggests the lifetime function of these three women as female clergy.
Status Items from the Crypt “Kamennaya Mogila” (Stone Grave) of the 3rd – 2nd Centuries BC (Southern Outskirts of Zheleznovodsk)
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Prokopenko Yury
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of objects discovered during the excavation of the “Kamennaya mogila” (Stone Grave) kurgan on Medovaya mountain (southern outskirts of Zheleznovodsk). Methods and materials. The comparative typological method was used as a worker. It is based on classification by material, processing method, shape, ornamentation, as well as on the study of types of gold jewelry, glass and black-glazed dishes, bronze horse plate foreheads and cheek pads, etc. Analysis. The typological and chronological analysis was carried out on gold jewelry (plaques, rings, pendants), antique ceramic and glassware, items of horse dress and weapons. Analogies to imported items from the crypt, found in the monuments of ancient culture and in the burials of the barbarian nobility, allow them to be dated to the 4th – 2nd centuries BC. Items of equestrian dress and weapons date back to the 3rd – 2nd centuries BC. Results. The author, regarding the social structure of the local population, ranked the monument as stratum No. 2 (nobility of the first level). A complex burial structure of the tomb with a significant number of ritual offerings is recorded. Burial items have numerous analogies in the status burials of the Bosporan, Meotian and Scythian nobility of the Northern Black Sea region and the North Caucasus of the 4 th – 2nd centuries BC. The sophisticated frame structure of the horse harness made of iron parts from the crypt of the Stone Grave is unique. Only a member of the nobility with a very high status could afford such a special bridle as a ritual offering.
The Tale of the Theotokos of Tikhvin as a Source for the History of Construction Process in Russia in the First Third of the 16th Century
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Diligul Ekaterina
Published: June 2022

Introduction. At the turn of the 15th – 16th centuries, a new stage of development began in the history of Russian culture, marked by acquaintance with Western European traditions. This process was especially pronounced in the monuments of ancient Russian temple architecture and was reflected in the active construction activities of Italian masters invited to Russia by Moscow rulers. For art historians, one of the important problems in the study of ancient Russian architecture is the process of organizing construction activities. Despite the large number of surviving architectural monuments of the 15th – 16th centuries, evidence of the construction process is fragmentary. In this regard, the introduction of new sources on this issue into scientific circulation is an urgent task. Methods and materials. The work is focused on the analysis of the text of one of the copies of the Tale of the Theotokos of Tikhvin, kept by the Manuscript Department of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NIOR BAN, Collection of the Archeographic Commission No. 157). It contains information about the construction of the porch of the Assumption Cathedral in Tikhvin obtained by textual comparison of a number of lists of Tales. Analysis. During the study, one of the plots of the Theotokos of Tikhvin was analyzed and the peculiarities of the organization of the construction process in Tikhvin in the first third of the 17th century were revealed. Results. In the process of studying the plot on the construction of the cathedral porch, the stages of construction work carried out from April to June 1537 were restored. In the text of the Tale there is one of the earliest references to the “sovereign drawing”, in accordance with which the porch was built.
To the History of the Oprichnina Court (1572/73 Response Letter to Razboynaya Izba from the “Smolensk Collection” of the Swedish State Archives)
Authors:   Ryazan State University named after S.A. Esenin, Kozlyakov Vyacheslav
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The article examines a judicial incident from the times of the oprichnina, connected with the accusation of murdering a peasant near prisons in Smolensk. The case was started on the petition of the Smolensk son of the genntrymen V. Sokolov against another representative of the Smolensk service “city” I.V. Bashmakov. The court in zemstvo Smolensk decided the case in favor of the plaintiff, because of his relationship with the oprichnik (guardsman). As the father of the defendant, V.D. Bashmakov argued the zemstvo judges were biased, so he bowed low to review the case in the oprichnaya Razboynaya izba because of his ruin after paying money and fees on the claim. However, the oprichnina judges did not decide the Smolensk case, but handed it over to the discretion of the Zemsky boyar prince M.I. Vorotynsky. A new trial of the case was scheduled only after the cancellation of the oprichnina. Methods and materials. In the center of investigation the petition of the V.D. Bashmakov to review the case. The document published in the appendix comes from the “Smolensk Collection” held in the Swedish State Archives. Analysis. The analysis of references to personalities and historical circumstances allows us to date the document, and to bring a parallel to the well-known characteristic of the biased court against the zemstvo people by the author of the modern work on the oprichnina G. Staden. Results. The source contains information about the composition of the oprichnina Razboynaya izba and other important evidence about the organization of the court in the oprichnina and zemstvo, which makes it possible to clarify the details of the proceedings of the 1570s.
Ivan IV and Vladimir Staritsky: Political Struggle or Competition in Piety?
Authors:   Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, Arakcheev Vladimir
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The author researched and prepared for publication four acts of 1547–1566 issued by Ivan IV and the appanage prince Vladimir Andreevich on the villages of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery in Vereysky and Dmitrov counties. The diplomas are studied in the context of the corpus of act and narrative sources, containing the plot of the relationship of the appanage prince with his suzerain. Methods and materials. The task of this article is to clarify the real participation of Prince Vladimir in the political and administrative life of the country for three years from 1566 to 1569 and is solved by a comprehensive analysis of narrative texts and the act material in which the real prerogatives of the appanage prince are documented. Analysis. An indicator of Vladimir Staritsky’s administrative and political activity is the intensity and nature of the charters issued and preserved by him, and their correlation with the acts of Ivan IV, to which the key part of the article is devoted. Results. It has been established that in addition to the acts drawn up in the office of the appanage prince relatively independently, acts have been preserved in the compilation of which protographs were used. When creating the acts in 1566, the offices of the tsar and the appanage prince used the letters of 1547 and 1548, the form of which was reproduced without significant changes. It is hypothesized that the acts of Prince Vladimir Andreevich and Ivan IV indicate a kind of competition in piety between the autocratic monarch and the prince of the blood.
Evaluation of remobilization rate, grain yield and antioxidant content of maize in reaction to biochar and humic acid amounts under water deficiency stress
Authors: CHARKHAB Armaghan , MOJADDAM Mani , LACK Shahram , SAKINEJAD Tayeb , DADNIA Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2022

In order to investigate the effect of biochar and humic acid on the rate of remobilization, grain yield and antioxidant content of maize under water deficiency stress, an experiment was conducted as asplit-split plot in the form of a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. The main plot involved water stress with three irrigation levels after depleting 30, 40 and 50% of field capacity, non-stress, moderate stress, and severe stress, respectively, asubplot withbiochar with 2 control levels (no use of biochar) and application of 4 tons in biochar hectares and another subplot having humic acid with 4 control levels (no use of humic acid) and application of 2, 4 and 6 liters per hectare of humic acid. The results showed that the effect of water deficit stress, biochar and humic acid on grain yield, remobilization rate, current photosynthesis, share of current photosynthesis, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes was significant at the level of 1% probability. The highest grain yield was related to irrigation treatment after depleting 40% of field capacity and application of 4 tons per hectare of biochar. In total, the use of 4 liters per hectare of humic acid in moderate moisture stress conditions due to its positive role on the growth and hence on the 42% increase in the yield, compared to severe stress treatment and no consumption of humic acid, can be recommended under arid and semi-arid conditions to save water consumption, and reduce the effects of water deficit stress.
Evaluation of essential oil and hydrolate from a new hyssop variety (Hyssopus officinalis L.)
Authors: STAN (TUDORA) Cătălina , MUSCALU Adriana , BURNICHI Floarea , POPESCU Carmen , GATEA Florentina , SICUIA Oana-Alina , VLĂDUȚ Nicolae Valentin , ISRAEL-ROMING Florentina
Published: June 2022

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of essential oil (EO) and hydrolate (HY) obtained from a new Romanian variety of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L., Lamiaceae family), namely ‘Cătălin’. The chemical composition and the concentration of the compounds was established by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main constituents identified in hyssop EO and HY were cis-pinocamphone (34.63% and 67.00%), trans-pinocamphone (11.72% and 14.58%), thujenol (1.39% and 6.05%). The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity was performed by three methods (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP), EO proving a higher oxidizing activity compared to HY one. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated in vitro, in order to detect its ability to inhibit G- phytopathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae) and plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum). Eugenol, linalool and estragole standards were used as reference volatile compounds. Regarding Pseudomonas syringae (LMG5090) bacterium, assays showed that hyssop oil does not inhibit its growth. Estragole and eugenol showed pronounced antibacterial activity in all tested concentrations, both in the first 24 hours of incubation and after 3 days. Linalool instead has bacteriostatic activity only at high concentrations (50% and 100%), an inhibitory activity that is maintained only in the first 24 hours of incubation. The results obtained against Fusarium oxysporum reveal that the EO tested has no fungicidal activity but only fungistatic, and it is able to delay mycelial growth and the degree of inhibition depending on the concentration used.
Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of bee pollen from various floral sources in Taiwan
Authors: NGUYEN Hoang Chinh , LIU Liang-Chih , WU Ming-Cheng , LIN Tai-Pei , YANG Chiou-Ying , HUANG Meng-Yuan
Published: June 2022

Bee pollen has been traditionally used for health promotion. However, the chemical constituents and pharmaceutical effects of bee pollen strongly depend on their sources. This study determined chemical compositions and evaluated the antioxidant and anticancer activity of six bee pollen samples from Taiwan. The Cs sample contained the highest amounts of carotenoid (417.67 mg/g DW) and anthocyanin (10.96 μmol/g DW) while the Nn sample showed the highest content of chlorophyll (Chl) a (23.39 mg/g DW) and Chl b (39.17 mg/g DW). The highest flavonoid (11.69 mg QE/g DW) and phenolic content (42.91 mg GAE/g DW) were found in Bp and Pm samples, respectively. The highest Fe2+-chelating ability was observed in Bp (IC50 value of 6.28 mg/mL), while Bn exhibited the most effective in scavenging DPPH radical with IC50 value of 3.96 mg/mL. The Bp sample also showed the highest activity against three breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (cell viability of 43.5%), BT-20 (cell viability of 0%), and Hs 578T (cell viability of 0%). This study suggested that the level of bioactive compounds and biological activity of bee pollen significantly differ among their sources and the Bp is a potent antioxidant and anticancer agent for medicinal use.
Biofortification with nanoparticles and zinc nitrate plus chitosan in green beans: effects on yield and mineral content
Authors: PALACIO-MÁRQUEZ Alejandro , RAMÍREZ-ESTRADA Carlos A. , SÁNCHEZ Esteban , OJEDA-BARRIOS Damaris L. , CHÁVEZ-MENDOZA Celia , SIDA-ARREOLA Juan P.
Published: June 2022

Approximately 33% of the world's population is affected by Zinc (Zn) deficiency, making it the fifth leading cause of human disease and mortality. An innovative strategy to this problem in the food diet is biofortification. Therefore, the use of nanotechnology emerges as a possible way to achieve the optimal development of plants in a sustainable and precise way. The objective of the present study was to increase the Zn content in bean plants cv. ‘Strike’, through the application of nanoparticles versus Zn nitrate plus chitosan. Two sources of Zn were applied via foliar: Zn nanoparticles and Zn nitrate at doses of 0, 25, 50 and 100 ppm with and without chitosan. The results indicate that the application of Zn favours the biofortification process, finding increases for all the treatments used. The treatments that stood out were Zn nitrate plus chitosan at 50 and 100 ppm, which increased the Zn content in fruits by more than 110%. The application of Zn nanoparticles at 25 ppm and Zn nitrate at 50 ppm favoured biomass accumulation and production. Furthermore, the addition of chitosan helped biomass and yield, especially when combined with Zn nitrate. Finally, indicate that a greater number of studies are required regarding the use of nanoparticles and chitosan in horticulture to determine with certainty their effect on the physiology and nutrition of plants.
Plants physiology in response to the saline stress interconnected effects
Authors: TRUȘCĂ Mădălina , GÂDEA Ștefania , STOIAN Valentina , VÂTCĂ Anamaria , VÂTCĂ Sorin
Published: June 2022

Global climatic changes pose pressure both upon plant growth and also on crop distribution. Romania is threatened by the increase of salinity areas, reason of which, this topic becomes a relevant need to deepen and adapt the strategies of crop choice on a regional scale for sustainable cropping systems. Plants provide a series of physiological responses. Therefore, this study aim is to project and analyze the main interest of interconnected effects studies about salinity and crops physiological responses to this abiotic stress. A synthesis of 99 articles based on Web of Science Core Collection from the last five years was selected. The topics assessed were “climat change” combined with “soil salinity” also “plant physiological response” combined with “salt soil”. The most intensive connected topics studied in the analyzed period were about abiotic stresses as restrictors of crop yield. Among stresses, drought was highlight and most researches promote various techniques regarding plant growth enhancement with obtaining salt tolerant plants. Future research trend should be placed around different principal valuable crops. Starting with plant metabolism and responses to saline stress, continuing with soil, water, gas emissions, microbiological applications, all impacted by high salt content represent an important area on future development of research.
Transcriptome analysis revealed that grafting improves the resistance of pepper to Phytophthora capsici by fine-tuning growth-defense tradeoff
Authors: HOU Lu , YIN Junliang , WU Liping , YAN Jiahui , GUO Qingyun , XIAN Wenrong
Published: June 2022

DOI 10.15835/nbha50212705

Grafting has been widely used to defense soil borne diseases and nematodes in vegetables production. However, the underlying mechanism of grafting-improved disease resistance is largely unknown. In this study, grafting cv. ‘Ledu’ scion to cv. ‘Jingxin No. 5’ rootstocks improved the resistance of pepper to Phytophthora capsici. To gain insights into the regulatory networks related to grafting, we performed transcriptome analysis of grafting and control pepper plants with or without P. capsici inoculation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that P. capsici infection largely re-programmed the pepper transcriptome and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) functionally annotated to metabolism processes including photosynthesis, response to stimulus, enzyme activity, and transcription were significantly enriched. Furthermore, the expression levels of most DEGs induced by P. capsici infection, such as genes functionally related to plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species, tend to recover to the control levels in grafting pepper plants, which help pepper maintain moderate plant defense response and considerable accumulation level of assimilation product, therefore fine-turning the dynamic balance between pepper growth-defense tradeoffs. Taken together, our results suggest the dynamic transcriptional programming in grafting pepper that underpin P. capsici disease and providing insight that the fine-tuning balance between growth and defense of grafting pepper.
Antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of seeds and seed by-products from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
Authors: LU Chun-Ping , LIN Kuan-Hung , WU Chia-Chi , SHIH Ming-Chih , CHANG Wei-Tang , YU Yi-Ping
Published: June 2022

The seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., commonly known as Chinese lotus, has been used as an indigenous medicine in Taiwan. The present study aims to evaluate the variable antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera ethanolic extracts (NNEE) collected from different parts of the lotus. The seed epicarp had significantly higher extractable total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) than the seed and seed pod. Compared to the seed and seed pod, the seed epicarp also exhibited lower IC50 values of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), EC50 for reducing power, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity. Moreover, DPPH and ABTS radicals, reducing power activity, and H2O2 scavenging activity by NNEE were highly and significantly associated with TPC and TFC. Seed epicarp NNEE at a concentration of 25 μg/mL gave significantly higher protection to Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages against H2O2 induced damage compared with blanks. Seed epicarp NNEE was also found to have the most significant protection effect on oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, the NNEE of seed epicarp exhibited higher in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity, and can be used as a functional ingredient representing a potential source of natural antioxidants to prevent and treat oxidative stress-related disorders.
Renal Parameters in Mild, Moderate, and Chronic Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Preeti , Kumar Sudeep , Sah Sumesh Prasad , Arora Manisha , Iqbal Shahid , Kumar Pradeep
Published: June 2022

Objective: To explore the link between cigarette smoking and kidney function through renal parameter assessment. Methods: The present study was performed at the Department of Biochemistry Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad, India, from September 2019 to April 2021. In this study, 140 subjects were included, out of which 35 were non-smokers, 35 smoked <5 cigarette per day, 35 smoked 5-10 cigarette per day, and the remaining 35 smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day. Results: Blood urea, serum creatinine, urinary albumin, and uACR levels were found to increase significantly (p<0.001) in smokers as compared to non-smokers. These increases were higher among chronic cigarette smokers (p<0.001) as opposed to mild and moderate smokers. In contrast, serum uric acid, e-GFR, and urinary creatinine levels decreased significantly (p<0.001) in smokers when compared to non-smokers, with a higher decrease observed in chronic cigarette smokers (p<0.001) as opposed to the mild and moderate cigarette smokers. Conclusion: Alterations in urinary albumin, serum urea, serum creatinine, urinary creatinine, and e-GFR are associated with the risk of renal dysfunction.
Premedikasi Lidokain dengan Torniket Lebih Baik Dibanding dengan Kombinasi Lidokain dan Propofol untuk Mencegah Nyeri Injeksi Propofol
Authors:   Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya/RSUD Dr Saiful Anwar Malang Indonesia, Laksono Ristiawan Muji , Isngadi Isngadi , Hadinata Yudi , Yupono Karmini , Hartono Ruddi , Basuki Djudjuk Rahmad
Published: June 2022

Propofol merupakan jenis obat induksi intravena yang paling sering digunakan dalam pembiusan umum, namun dapat menimbulkan rasa nyeri pada lokasi injeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan persentase nyeri pascainjeksi propofol setelah premedikasi lidokain dengan perlakuan torniket selama satu menit dan teknik campuran lidokain fropofol. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis tersamar tunggal bersifat eksperimental. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar pada April–Mei 2013. Subjek penelitian adalah 50 pasien yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak. Kelompok A (n=25) mendapat perlakuan campuran 40 mg lidokain dalam propofol intravena (i.v.). Kelompok B (n=25) mendapat perlakuan lidokain 40 mg (i.v.) dengan perlakuan torniket selama satu menit, diikuti injeksi propofol. Derajat nyeri diukur menggunakan Verbal Rating Score. Hasil pengukuran dianalisis statistik dengan uji normalitas, homogenitas, dan Mann Whitney menggunakan software SPSS (versi 18, IBM Statistic, USA). Pemberian lidokain dengan perlakuan torniket signifikan dapat merunkan detajat nyeri lebih baik (24/25 tidak nyeri, 1/25 nyeri) dibanding dengan kelompok campuran lodokain dan propofol (10/25 tidak nyeri, 11/25 nyeri ringan, 4/25 nyeri sedang) (p=0,000). Premedikasi lidokain dengan perlakuan torniket lebih baik dalam menurunkan derajat nyeri dibanding dengan pemberian campuran lidokain dan propofol.
Automatic Realtime Webcam Based Heart Rate Monitoring System
Authors: Mukherjee Sayan , Mukhopadhyay Nabarun , Das Subha , Addya Ritesh Kumar , Bera Subhajit , Debnath Shrishti , Pal Sudipta Basu , Chandra Piyali
Published: June 2022

Abstract- In the current situation of COVID 19, a contactless method of measuring heart rate is essential. This project focuses on real-time heart rate detection using a simple webcam. It uses OpenCV for face detection, and then it isolates the forehead part. The heart rate is determined
by measuring the average optical intensity in the forehead region. Here we have used face detection, filtering and peak detection in the FFT domain. A stable heartbeat can be isolated in about 15 seconds when there is good lighting and minimum noise. After the estimation of the user's heart
rate, real-time phase variation associated with this frequency is also computed. Support for detection on more than one individual at a time in a single camera's image is also possible. Still, only the information from a single face is taken for analysis.
Virtual Assisatant Jordon Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Dawn Soumyadeep , Bhowmick Ankan , Mandal Sandip
Published: June 2022

Artificial Intelligence is now a rapidly growing sector which will emphasize the productivity of man according to their need. So, this is our virtual assistant where we implement a small portion of AI to make our daily life more enjoyable and also be more productive. Our virtual not
only able to recognize the voice of its owner but also it can perform all the given information by its owner. In past years we have no sort of devices or things to communicate with the AI devices for that reason we need to implement some coding to a chip or specifically into an integrated
circuit which has a less amount of memory and can't able to perform all the algorithms by its own so we make an AI algorithm using python which can able to recognize as simple as a human can understand others language in their mother tongues. Also we are in testing of the algorithm to make
an automatic robotic toy car which have the facility of the virtual assistant and the user of that car can able give it any sort of instructions on how to perform any operations simply into there mother tongues also they shouldn't use English also otherwise they can use google translate tool
to make the output in their mother tongue.
A Comparison of Various IoT Application Layer Protocol
Authors: Thakur Rohit Kumar , Kumari Raj
Published: June 2022

Data communication over the internet is highly swayed by protocols. So, the protocols have a very crucial role in data communication. Similarly, for the Internet of things (IoT) enabled devices the protocols have also an important role. In the Application-layer of IoT-enabled devices,
the protocols have a significant role in the transfer of data from server to IoT devices and vice versa. There are different protocols are there, some are taken from web based internet protocols like Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol
(UDP), etc. And some are exclusively developed for IoT devices like Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP), etc. IoT-enabled devices need a lightweight, secure and fast protocols for the transfer of data. When IoT enabled devices are developed there
are limited number of protocols developed for communication of IoT devices. Various protocols are developed to fulfil the need of users but they have some advantages as well as disadvantages. In this paper, analysis of the performance and comparision of these protocols through different scenarios
are given.
VARIAÇÃO TERMINOLÓGICA NAS PESQUISAS SOBRE DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: ANÁLISE DOS TERMOS EMPREGADOS POR PROFESSORES-PESQUISADORES DAS UNIVERSIDADES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Fetter Giselle Liana
Published: June 2022

RESUMO A divulgação do conhecimento científico à sociedade teve considerável expansão nas últimas décadas, mas, especialmente no contexto da pandemia de covid-19, a divulgação científica se destacou significativamente, impulsionando cientistas a se engajarem em atividades dessa natureza. Há, reconhecidamente, outros termos, além de divulgação científica para abordar a relação entre ciência e público não especializado (BUENO, 1985; ALBAGLI, 1996; VOGT; MORALES, 2018), o que indica a ausência, entre os teóricos, de um consenso sobre qual termo seria mais apropriado (ROCHA; MASSARANI, 2017). Entende-se que os termos devem ser estudados a partir de determinadas situações discursivas, o que direciona a fundamentar este artigo nos preceitos da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (CABRÉ, 1999a). Assim, considerando o papel das universidades na divulgação dos conhecimentos científicos bem como a importância da terminologia na difusão e na circulação do saber científico, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os termos empregados por professores-pesquisadores das universidades brasileiras para conceber esse elo comunicativo com a sociedade. Para o desenvolvimento desta análise, coletou-se, na ferramenta Google Acadêmico, artigos científicos, publicados entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, e recuperados pela busca de divulgação científica. Determinou-se, como critérios, que os artigos fossem de autoria de professores-pesquisadores de pós-graduação stricto sensu, totalizando 114 artigos. Com auxílio da ferramenta computacional WordSmith Tools, realizou-se o levantamento dos termos considerados mais comuns conforme Caribé (2015). Os resultados apontam para predominância do termo divulgação científica tanto na função de palavrachave quanto ao longo dos artigos, configurando-se como uma maneira de circunscrever os estudos da área.
Predicting hotel booking cancellation: A comparative analysis of models
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Perm Branch, Rusakova Elena Ivanovna , Radionova Marina Vladimirovna ,   Perm State University
Published: June 2022

Booking a hotel room is an integral part of any trip. Therefore, recent years are characterized by an increasing popularity of and demand for online travel agencies which save clients’ time and efforts applied to the communication with the hotels, as well as cancel a booking with no fines and charges. Hotel booking cancellations are on the rise in recent several years, which has its adverse effect on the financial status and reputations of the hotels. They have to follow a strict booking policy and overbooking strategy to reduce the risks. This problem is particularly burning today due to a significant decrease in tourist flows induced by the coronavirus pandemic. This issue can be solved by developing the predictive models of hotel booking cancellation with a high confidence index and a high prediction accuracy rate. An overview of the existing solutions shows that the following machine learning methods give the best predictive results: Random Forest, neuron networks, CatBoost, and XGBoost. Thus, the purpose of the research is to develop different machine learning based predictive models for hotel booking cancellation and to compare them in order to justify the choice of the best model with such metrics as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F-measures, and the area under the ROC curve. The information database for the research was Hotel Booking Demand Dataset prepared by N. Antonio, A. de Almeida and L. Nunes and published on ScienceDirect platform. The research found out that a Random Forest Model gives the best prediction for hotel booking cancellation. For example, this model shows the percentage of the correct answers from a text set, 84.5% is among all predictions; 87.3% is the percentage of the bookings which are actually cancelled and referred to as cancelled by a classifier. Further research is seen to be focused on improving the Random Forest Model and other models of machine learning with additional unaccounted hyperparameters.
Development of a nomenclature of expenses in the organizations of sea transport
Authors:   The State University of Management, Marchuk Marina Olegovna , Chebotareva Zoya Valentinovna ,   The State University of Management
Published: June 2022

Maritime logistics companies perform an important task in logistics. Efficiency of their performance is determined with accurate accounting of all expenses in a shipping company. This can contribute into more rational exploitation of the company’s resources. Most shipping companies transport cargoes and passengers both domestically and internationally under different regulating documents which define overall expenses and do not account for specific features of maritime logistics companies, therefore a lack of the unified approach to the nomenclature of their expenses is particularly a burning issue. The purpose of this research is to develop the nomenclature of expenses for a maritime logistics company. The analysis of typical classifications of expenses associated with the shipping companies revealed some limitations in terms of defining direct expenses. The proposed nomenclature of expenses gives detailed variable and fixed expenses which could identify break-even shipping volumes and manage the costs of shipping services. The paper describes the algorithm for presenting the expenses in the balance sheets accounts. Unexpected expenses, including expenses associated with the emergencies and equipment failures, are defined. The analysis of the unplanned expenses for several reporting periods could help allocate special funds for these expenses. The paper shows the possibilities for integrating the proposed nomenclature of expenses of maritime logistics companies under the IFRS principles. Further research is seen to be connected with testing the proposed tools with the data of the shipping companies.
Further evidence in support of the recognition of the Freshwater Turtle Elseya oneiros (Testudines: Chelidae) from the Nicholson and Gregory Rivers of Northern Queensland
Authors: Joseph-Ouni Mehdi , White Arthur ,   BEES, University of NSW, Smales Ian ,   Outwest Reptile Consulting Services, Saddlier Ross , Cann John , McCord William , Couper Patrick , Amey Andrew ,   Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum
Published: June 2022

Thomson et al. (1997) proposed that the extant Elseya from the Nicholson-Gregory drainages in northwestern Queensland was conspecific with the holotype of Elseya lavarackorum, which comprised a fossil carapace and associated plastron excavated from the late Pleistocene Terrace Site at Riversleigh. Analysis of additional fossil material, and examination of a suite of 16 scute characters (eight for each of the carapace and plastron) by Joseph-Ouni et al. (2020) concluded that the two species were distinct and represented separate Elseya lineages and proposed the new name Elseya oneiros for the extant lineage. Recently, the Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) in their 9th edition Checklist of Turtles of the World (TTWG 2021) questioned the status of E. oneiros and placed it in the synonymy of E. lavarackorum, making the claim, amongst others, that the skeletal characters of Thomson et al. (1997) were not addressed. Here we fully address the claims made and evaluate those skeletal characters. We also assess an additional nine thoracic skeletal characters of the pertinent Elseya species, including E. dentata sensu stricto. The results again do not support the conclusions of Thomson et al. (1997) of the holotype of Elseya lavarackorum being conspecific with the extant Elseya from the Nicholson-Gregory Rivers, reaffirms the proposal offered by Joseph-Ouni et al. (2020) for the placement of E. lavarackorum in the subgenus Elseya, and the status of E. oneiros in the Nicholson-Gregory drainages as a distinct species.
Benchmarking healthcare systems of OECD countries: A DEA – based Malmquist Productivity Index Approach
Authors: AYDIN Ayhan
Published: June 2022

Along with technological innovations and developments experienced in the second half of the twentieth century, very important changes have occurred in healthcare. Many different, complex and economically expensive services are being tried to be carried out together. For this reason, it is finally crucial that the health services delivered by providers to scarce resources are delivered effectively and efficiently to people without sacrificing quality. Today, the most important problem of the production of healthcare services is the resource shortage as it is in other sectors. Efficiency, quality and competition are important criteria in the production and delivery of health services. Reducing costs in the production of health services is one of the main health policies for many world countries. These policies have made it necessary for international competitiveness, product and service sectors to continually improve their performance. In this study, the efficiency evaluation of the health care services of OECD were examined using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity. Considering the input values of the countries, the results of the input-oriented model and Malmquist productivity index were analyzed with the fixed return assumption according to the scale.
Early Identification, Assessment and Interventions in Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Review on Autism
Authors:   Department of Nursing, University of Buea, BP63 Buea, Cameroon, Eta Enow V. A.
Published: June 2022

Developmental disabilities are a set of disorders which occur during the child’s developmental stages affecting his or her language, physical and mental abilities or behavior. These include autism and other related disorders which all negatively influence the way the child achieves normal developmental milestones. Nurses are expected to work in collaboration with parents and other health care professionals to monitor each child’s growth and development during each well-child visit or Infant Welfare Clinics (IWC) as well as during illness episodes. Generally, parents’ concerns regarding developmental delays are discussed and the child is followed up accordingly through developmental screening. A brief test is conducted on the child while the parent/caregiver completes a questionnaire or checklist regarding the child’s developmental history. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that developmental and behavioral screening be conducted for all children during regular IWC or well-child visits at nine, 18 and 30-months. Early diagnosis together with early treatment can make a major difference in a child’s life and also decrease the possibility for costly interventions in future. Several programs have been designed to deal with the variety of social and behavioral difficulties associated with autism, focusing on reducing problem behaviors in children with autism. Once an individual is given a confirmed autism diagnosis by a qualified professional, the parents need to seek further information immediately on how to support their child. Early intervention treatment services have been shown to greatly improve a child’s development. Thus, diagnosing autism early and instituting treatment and support promptly is mandatory for better prognosis.
Hunger and power: Politics, food (in)security and the development of small grains in Zimbabwe, 2000-2010
Authors: Kauma Bryan , Swart Sandra
Published: June 2022

White maize sadza is the most eaten food in Zimbabwe. Yet, over the decade of the 2000s, its consumption was threatened by drought and consequent acute food shortages. Small grains - sorghum and millet - offered a panacea to looming starvation and civil unrest. Yet, as we argue in this article, its access became rooted increasingly within political contestations between the ruling ZANU PF government, the budding opposition party and ordinary citizens. Using the story of small grains -sorghum and millet - between 2000 and 2010, we trace how food (in)security took a political form, stirring a pot of sometimes violent clashes between political and social contenders. We argue that through 'political grain', various political and social elites were able to amass wealth and power for themselves and grab control of sociopolitical discourse on food security during the crisis years. As the state imposed a series of seemingly well-intentioned and sometimes even widely welcomed food initiatives such as Operation Maguta and BACOSSI, these food security measures were often ad hoc, temporary and - as we argue - actually had an adverse long-term impact on local grain production and food availability. The government worked through key parastatals like the Grain Marketing Board and the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe to allocate resources and food support to ruling party loyalists. In this period, the ZANU PF regime was concerned primarily with holding on to its waning political power and avenues for personal wealth accumulation at the expense of food security in the country. This paper demonstrates how an anthropogenically-induced 'hunger' effectively prolonged ZANU PF's control of society - but we also show how 'small people' fought back against President Robert Mugabe's 'big men' by embracing the growing and eating of traditional 'small grains'.
Adapt or Die? Resilience Discourse and the Shifting Contours of Humanitarian Morality
Authors: Firoz Malay
Published: June 2022

The epistemic terrain of humanitarian morality hasundergone a profound paradigmatic transformationin recent years. The turn towards “resilience” as a structuring principle in aid programmes has produced new modes of governance that challenge what I call the moral exceptionalism of humanitarianism’s mandate. This article traces the trajectory of moralism in humanitarian studies, exploring how the productive tension between  contrapuntal readings of humanitarianism as moral intent or biopolitical care is transcended by the resilience paradigm’s ontological vision of an intrinsically fragileand vulnerable world. Contrary to theoretical critiques of resilience as an extension of neoliberal tenets to global governance, I draw on the context of the Syrian refugee crisis in Jordan to argue that resilience humanitarianism has in fact prompted a return to state welfare as the final guarantor of refugee rights.