bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service sector agglomeration and industrial structure optimisation: evidence from China's resource‐based cities
Authors: Nie Lei , Wang Yuanyuan , Wu Yanrui
Published: May 2024

This paper employs the system generalised method of moments approach and panel data of Chinese resource‐based cities at the prefecture level for the period of 2003–2019 to investigate the effects of two types of service sector agglomeration on industrial structure dynamics. The results show that an increase in ‘specialised agglomeration’ of services would inhibit industrial structure rationalisation and upgrading. However, an increase in ‘diversified’ agglomeration of services promotes industrial structure upgrading though it also inhibits industrial structure rationalisation. Furthermore, it is also found that an increase in diversified agglomeration would inhibit industrial structure rationalisation in eastern cities and industrial structure upgrading in western cities but promote industrial structure rationalisation and upgrading in central cities. These insights suggest the importance of fostering the appropriate form of service sector agglomeration within resource‐based cities. Leveraging the synergistic linkages between the service sector and other industries could enhance the industrial structure optimisation of resource‐based urban economies.
Stonehenge revisited: A geochemical approach to interpreting the geographical source of sarsen stone #58
Authors: Hancock Ronald G. V. , Gorton Michael P. , Mahaney William C. , Aufreiter Suzanne , Michelaki Kostalena
Published: May 2024

It is tempting in material sourcing analyses to treat chemical data primarily as numbers to be sorted, while disregarding their interlinked geochemistries. Consideration of geochemistry, however, often leads to the drawing of more nuanced and reliable conclusions. In this paper we re‐examine data published in 2020, related to the sourcing of stone #58 at Stonehenge, paying attention to geochemistry. We question the potential single‐source interpretation of these data and suggest instead that three to six sources cannot be ruled out.
Late Middle Pleistocene (MIS 10–6) glacial–interglacial records from loess–palaeosol and fluvial sequences from northern France: a cyclostratigraphic approach
Authors: Antoine Pierre , Limondin‐Lozouet Nicole
Published: May 2024

This contribution summarizes the most informative loess–palaeosol sequences (LPS) and fluvial terrace records from the late Middle Pleistocene (LMP) of northern France demonstrating the reliability of the cyclostratigraphic approach for the interpretation of pedosedimentary sequences controlled by major glacial–interglacial climatic cycles. In this area, continental mollusc assemblages from interglacial fluvial silts and calcareous tufas are particularly rich and diverse and marker species define the malacological signatures of each interglacial optimum for Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 11, 9 and 5e. This approach shows that the forest was less developed during MIS 7, suggesting that climatic conditions were either drier and/or cooler than during other Pleistocene interglacials. In the Somme basin, the terrace system shows that two alluvial formations were deposited between early MIS 8 and late MIS 7. In some LPS, the occurrence of two pedosedimentary sub‐cycles (IIa and IIb), separated by a relatively long (~12 ka) and cold period, corresponding to an ‘aborted glacial’ (MIS 7d), underlines the complex pattern of this unusual ‘interglacial’. Overall, during the LMP, each soil complex corresponding to interglacial and early‐glacial periods from MIS 11 to MIS 5 is broadly made up of the same soil facies but exhibits a specific succession pattern or signature. Throughout the area, LPS show a huge change in both the deposition rates and the geographical extent of typical calcareous loess at the beginning of MIS 6. This so‐called ‘Loess Revolution’ probably reflects a change in the palaeogeography of the southern North Sea and eastern Channel source areas at times marked by the coalescence of the British and Scandinavian ice sheets. MIS 6 is also characterized by the oldest evidence of permafrost development in the area. In addition, this work allows the age of the Lower/Middle Palaeolithic boundary to be confirmed, with the oldest occurrence of Levallois technology being around 300 ka.
Understanding adjustment profiles among Mexican‐origin adolescents over time: A focus on cultural risk and resilience factors
Authors: Yan Jinjin , Wen Wen , Song Jiaxiu , Liu Angelina , Lorenzo‐Blanco Elma , Shen Yishan , Zhang Minyu , Kim Su Yeong
Published: May 2024

This study used a three‐wave longitudinal dataset to: identify adjustment profiles of U.S. Mexican‐origin adolescents based on their physical, academic, and psychosocial health adjustment; track adjustment profile changes throughout adolescence; and examine the associations between cultural stressors, family obligation, and adjustment profile membership over time. Participants were 604 Mexican‐origin adolescents (54% female, Mage = 12.41, SD = 0.97) in Texas (Wave 1: 2012–2015; Wave 2: 2013–2016; Wave 3: 2017–2020). Three concurrent profiles (Well‐adjusted, Moderate, and Poorly‐adjusted) emerged at each wave, whereas three transition profiles (Improved, Stable well‐adjusted, and Overall poorly‐adjusted) were identified across three waves. The results suggest that cultural stressors pose risks for Mexican‐origin adolescents' adjustment, and family obligation values play a protective role in these associations.
The significance of carrying MEFV variants in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Ben‐Chetrit Eldad , Touitou Isabelle
Published: May 2024

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent attacks of fever, serositis (peritonitis, pleuritis, or synovitis), and erysipelas‐like erythema. Genetic variants in the MEFV gene are associated with this disease. Familial Mediterranean fever is considered an autosomal recessive disease. However, in Middle Eastern countries, a third of the patients expressing FMF manifestations, carry a single mutation only. Moreover, some cases of pure dominant inheritance linked to specific single MEFV variants have also been described. This complex inheritance of MEFV‐associated inflammatory diseases poses a serious challenge when interpreting the results of genetic testing in patients having recurrent fever syndromes. In addition, in certain situations, asymptomatic individuals may be incidentally found to carry MEFV variants. These cases pose the question of their exact diagnosis and whether they should be treated. Previous studies have focused on genetic results interpretations among symptomatic patients. In the current article, we would like to elaborate on the genetic interpretation in cases of symptomatic individuals suspected to have FMF and on asymptomatic individuals carrying MEFV variants. We aim to assist physicians unfamiliar with FMF to cope with genetic results interpretation when facing symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals carrying MEFV variants and suggest a management plan accordingly.
Scars are frequently found as late sequelae in individuals affected by the 2022 mpox outbreak
Authors: Chromy David , Urban Nikolaus , Bauer Wolfgang Michael , Kreuter Alexander , Strassl Robert , Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer Katharina
Published: May 2024

Background

The 2022 mpox outbreak continues, and while progress has been made in prevention strategies and potential treatment options, data on late sequelae following mpox are scarce.

Objective

This analysis aimed to assess the incidence of scar formation in individuals affected by the 2022 mpox outbreak.

Methods

All individuals diagnosed with mpox at the Department of Dermatology at the Medical University of Vienna in 2022 were included in this analysis. Follow‐up data were collected throughout November 2023. ‘Scar formation’ was defined as having at least one scar at the former active mpox lesions.

Results

At our clinic, 28 cases of mpox presented between June 2022 and October 2022 and exclusively occurred in men who have sex with men (100%, 28/28), of whom 46% (13/28) were living with HIV, and 32% (9/28) were using pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Secondary bacterial infection of mpox lesions was suspected in six individuals, and all received systemic antibiotics. Overall, 26 were followed up in November 2023 after a median time of 15 months, and scar formations were found in 43% of cases.

Conclusions

Our data provide insights into the late yet cumulating disease burden caused by the 2022 mpox outbreak. Highly effective prevention strategies are warranted to overcome the mpox epidemic and its potential late sequelae.
Risk assessment of esophageal ulceration following left atrial radiofrequency linear ablation
Authors: De Smet Maarten A. J. , Wielandts Jean‐Yves , El Haddad Milad , De Becker Benjamin , François Clara , Tavernier Rene , le Polain de Waroux Jean‐Benoît , Duytschaever Mattias , Knecht Sébastien
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Esophageal safety following radiofrequency (RF) left atrial (LA) linear ablation has not been established. To determine the esophageal safety profile of LA linear RF lesions, we performed systematic esophagogastroduodenoscopy in all patients with intraesophageal temperature rise (ITR) ≥ 38.5°C.

Methods and Results

Between December 2021 and July 2023, a total of 200 consecutive patients with atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) underwent linear ablation with posterior dome (roof or floor) or posterior mitral isthmus line transection. Patients with ITR ≥ 38.5°C were scheduled for esophageal endoscopy ~3 weeks after ablation. Patient and ATA characteristics, procedural parameters, endoscopy findings and ablation lesion data were collected and analyzed.

One hundred thirty‐three out of 200 (67%) patients showed ITR ≥ 38.5°C during LA linear ablation. ITR (with maximal temperature of 45.7°C) was more frequently observed during floor line ablation (82% of cases). ITR was less observed during roof line ablation (34%) and posterior mitral isthmus ablation (4%). Endoscopy, performed in 115 patients after 24 ± 10 days, showed esophageal ulceration in four patients (two patients Kansas City classification [KCC] 2a and two patients KCC 2b). No patient showed esophageal perforation or fistula.

Conclusion

Temperature rise during LA linear ablation is frequent and ulceration risk exists, particularly when floor line is performed. Safety measures are needed to avoid potential severe complications like esophageal perforation and fistula.
A Lagrangian relaxation approach for resource allocation problem with capacity constraints
Authors: Protogyrou Demetra , Hajibabai Leila
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates a capacitated facility location model enhanced with distance constraints for an emergency response problem, ensuring certain neighborhoods remain within an accessible range from facilities following a hurricane. The proposed model takes into account the capacity constraints for drones and vehicles. The model determines optimal locations for facilities and the distribution of supplies across the city. It also specifies which facilities should support the needs of each neighborhood and decides on the appropriate mode of transportation—ground vehicles if possible, or drones if roadways are obstructed. To solve the problem, a Lagrangian relaxation technique is employed, relaxing the constraints related to facility capacity and distance. The numerical results confirm the quality and efficiency of the solutions. The findings indicate that ground transportation is more frequently utilized than drones at each operational facility. A comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses is conducted to examine the impact of various variables and parameters on the solution.
A learning‐based method for optimal dynamic privileged parking permit policy
Authors: Yuan Yun , Li Yitong , Li Xin , Wang Xin
Published: May 2024

The privileged permit service can be provided as an alternative to the conventional meter and reserved services in the off‐street parking lots. In view of the unbalanced demand and the simplistic off‐street parking lot management, this paper proposes a novel parking management problem for setting up and withdrawing the temporary permit‐only policy. To optimize the access rule regarding uncertainty demand on the time of day and the utilization of the parking lot, a deep Q‐learning (DQL) method is proposed to address the uncertainty and dimensionality in the framework of deep reinforcement learning (DRL). To replicate real‐world demand pattern for training deep Q network, a short‐term parking demand model is presented by integrating the long‐short term memory neural network and multivariant Gaussian process. A case study is performed on urban parking lots on university campus. The numerical experiments of a rule‐based strategy, a tabular Q‐learning (TQL) method, and the proposed DQL method are conducted to justify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method outperforms the static (s, S) inventory policy by 65% and TQL with linear Q‐value estimation by 15% in the total revenue. The sensitivity analyses show the DQL method is capable to handle capacity‐reduced, demand‐increased, and special‐event scenarios while the comparable strategy underperforms the proposed method
Fasciculations detected by muscle ultrasonography in the early stage of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: An autopsy case
Authors: Moriyoshi Hideyuki , Riku Yuichi , Ito Yasuhiro , Akagi Akio , Sone Jun , Miyahara Hiroaki , Katsuno Masahisa , Yoshida Mari , Iwasaki Yasushi
Published: May 2024

We describe an autopsied case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, wherein fasciculations were detected by muscle ultrasonography in the early stage. The myotome areas with fasciculations corresponded to areas of severe pathological lesions. Our results demonstrated that these fasciculations indicate excitability and severity of affected lower motor neurons and significantly contribute to diagnosis.
Thrombectomy and clot analysis‐guided anti‐coagulant/platelet therapy for acute ischemic stroke in a pregnancy complicated with primary antiphospholipid syndrome: A case report
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Ueno Tatsuya , Haga Rie , Arai Akira , Iwamura Masatoshi , Tomiyama Masahiko
Published: May 2024

A 35‐year‐old woman with antiphospholipid syndrome, with 29‐week pregnancy, developed left hemiparesis. Diffusion‐weighted imaging showed a low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (ASPECT) score. The right internal carotid artery occlusion was recanalized by mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and a pathologically white thrombus was confirmed. Clot analysis‐guided anti‐coagulant/platelet therapy was continued, and the patient delivered at 38 weeks and was discharged with a modified Rankin Scale score of 1. We conclude that MT should be considered, even in pregnancy with antiphospholipid syndrome and low ASPECT scores.
Multiomics and biotechnologies for understanding and influencing cadmium accumulation and stress response in plants
Authors: Yu Yan , Alseekh Saleh , Zhu Zonghe , Zhou Kejin , Fernie Alisdair R.
Published: May 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals faced by plants and, additionally, via the food chain, threatens human health. It is principally dispersed through agro‐ecosystems via anthropogenic activities and geogenic sources. Given its high mobility and persistence, Cd, although not required, can be readily assimilated by plants thereby posing a threat to plant growth and productivity as well as animal and human health. Thus, breeding crop plants in which the edible parts contain low to zero Cd as safe food stuffs and harvesting shoots of high Cd‐containing plants as a route for decontaminating soils are vital strategies to cope with this problem. Recently, multiomics approaches have been employed to considerably enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying (i) Cd toxicity, (ii) Cd accumulation, (iii) Cd detoxification and (iv) Cd acquisition tolerance in plants. This information can be deployed in the development of the biotechnological tools for developing plants with modulated Cd tolerance and detoxification to safeguard cellular and genetic integrity as well as to minimize food chain contamination. The aim of this review is to provide a current update about the mechanisms involved in Cd uptake by plants and the recent developments in the area of multiomics approach in terms of Cd stress responses, as well as in the development of Cd tolerant and low Cd accumulating crops.
Come together: Does network management make a difference for collaborative implementation performance in the context of sudden policy growth?
Authors: Hadorn Susanne , Sager Fritz
Published: May 2024

Cooperative forms of policy implementation bear the promise of being an answer to the policy delivery challenge resulting from policy growth, with the quality of network management often rated as a key success factor. The positive relationship between network management and performance in networks, however, is primarily supported by theoretical reasoning rather than empirical evidence. The present study empirically investigates this relationship in the context of rapid policy growth resulting from a change in the governance structure in the field of smoking prevention in Switzerland. The results of the analyzed 13 Swiss smoking prevention networks and the 187 associated projects show that network management improves the performance of new policy projects by facilitating access to implementing partners and target groups, but has no impact on output delivery in existing interventions. The study shows that networks, if actively managed, can be a means to ensure adequate enforcement in the context of increasing numbers of new policies.
CD59 gene: 143 haplotypes of 22,718 nucleotides length by computational phasing in 113 individuals from different ethnicities
Authors: Srivastava Kshitij , Yin Qinan , Makuria Addisalem Taye , Rios Maria , Gebremedhin Amha , Flegel Willy Albert
Published: May 2024

Background

CD59 deficiency due to rare germline variants in theCD59gene causes disabilities, ischemic strokes, neuropathy, and hemolysis. CD59 deficiency due to common somatic variants in thePIG‐Agene in hematopoietic stem cells causes paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. The ISBT database lists one nonsense and three missense germline variants that are associated with the CD59‐null phenotype. To analyze the genetic diversity of theCD59gene, we determined long‐rangeCD59haplotypes among individuals from different ethnicities.

Methods

We determined a 22.7 kb genomic fragment of theCD59gene in 113 individuals using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), which covered the whole NM_203330.2 mRNA transcript of 7796 base pairs. Samples came from an FDA reference repository and our Ethiopia study cohorts. The raw genotype data were computationally phased into individual haplotype sequences.

Results

Nucleotide sequencing of theCD59gene of 226 chromosomes identified 216 positions with single nucleotide variants. Only three haplotypes were observed in homozygous form, which allowed us to assign them unambiguously as experimentally verifiedCD59haplotypes. They were also the most frequent haplotypes among both cohorts. An additional 140 haplotypes were imputed computationally.

Discussion

We provided a large set of haplotypes and proposed three verified long‐rangeCD59reference sequences, based on a population approach, using a generalizable rationale for our choice. Correct long‐range haplotypes are useful as template sequences for allele calling in high‐throughput NGS and precision medicine approaches, thus enhancing the reliability of clinical diagnostics. Long‐range haplotypes can also be used to evaluate the influence of genetic variation on the risk of transfusion reactions or diseases.
A novel transcoronal surgical technique for the treatment of cystic lesions of the distal phalanx: A cadaveric study
Authors: Frietman Sjoerd K. , van Proosdij Rick , Rijkenhuizen Astrid B. M. , van Veggel Elisabeth
Published: May 2024

Objective

To assess the feasibility of a novel transcoronal approach for the treatment of axial type 3 cysts of the palmar/plantar aspect of the distal phalanx (P3).

Study design

Ex vivo, experimental study.

Sample population

Ten cadaveric specimens, four forelimbs and six hindlimbs.

Methods

All cadaveric specimens underwent radiographically guided drilling, followed by cortical screw placement. The cartilage was macroscopically assessed after disarticulation of the distal interphalangeal joint. The entry point and trajectory were evaluated with computed tomography. Results were categorized as: axial, near‐axial and abaxial. The minimal distance from the outer margin of the drill hole and the proximal border of the subchondral bone plate was measured using frontal computed tomographic slices.

Results

Eight of the 10 screws were in an axial to near‐axial position and nine followed the desired axial to near‐axial trajectory. One screw was inserted axially but continued in an abaxial trajectory. Iatrogenic damage to the joint cartilage, flexor cortex and solar canal of P3 was not observed. All cortical screws were placed close to the proximal subchondral bone‐plate of P3.

Conclusion

The desired axial/near‐axial drilling and screw placement, under radiographic guidance, was achieved in nine out of 10 specimens.

Clinical significance

This novel technique seems promising for the treatment of inaccessible P3 cysts. Additional studies are required to investigate its feasibility in clinical cases, and the long‐term outcome following transcystic screw placement of type 3 P3 cysts.
Exploring the Big Data Paradox for various estimands using vaccination data from the global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey (CTIS)
Authors: Yang Youqi , Dempsey Walter , Han Peisong , Deshmukh Yashwant , Richardson Sylvia , Tom Brian , Mukherjee Bhramar
Published: May 2024

Selection bias poses a substantial challenge to valid statistical inference in nonprobability samples. This study compared estimates of the first-dose COVID-19 vaccination rates among Indian adults in 2021 from a large nonprobability sample, the COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey (CTIS), and a small probability survey, the Center for Voting Options and Trends in Election Research (CVoter), against national benchmark data from the COVID Vaccine Intelligence Network. Notably, CTIS exhibits a larger estimation error on average (0.37) compared to CVoter (0.14). Additionally, we explored the accuracy (regarding mean squared error) of CTIS in estimating successive differences (over time) and subgroup differences (for females versus males) in mean vaccine uptakes. Compared to the overall vaccination rates, targeting these alternative estimands comparing differences or relative differences in two means increased the effective sample size. These results suggest that the Big Data Paradox can manifest in countries beyond the United States and may not apply equally to every estimand of interest.
Clinical translation of antibody drug conjugate dosing in solid tumors from preclinical mouse data
Authors: Rubahamya Baron , Dong Shujun , Thurber Greg M.
Published: May 2024

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have made impressive strides in the clinic in recent years with 11 Food and Drug Administration approvals, including 6 for the treatment of patients with solid tumors. Despite this success, the development of new agents remains challenging with a high failure rate in the clinic. Here, we show that current approved ADCs for the treatment of patients with solid tumors can all show substantial efficacy in some mouse models when administered at a similar weight-based [milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)] dosing in mice that is tolerated in the clinic. Mechanistically, equivalent mg/kg dosing results in a similar drug concentration in the tumor and a similar tissue penetration into the tumor due to the unique delivery features of ADCs. Combined with computational approaches, which can account for the complex distribution within the tumor microenvironment, these scaling concepts may aid in the evaluation of new agents and help design therapeutics with maximum clinical efficacy.
Spinal inhibitory neurons degenerate before motor neurons and excitatory neurons in a mouse model of ALS
Authors: Montañana-Rosell Roser , Selvan Raghavendra , Hernández-Varas Pablo , Kaminski Jan M. , Sidhu Simrandeep Kaur , Ahlmark Dana B. , Kiehn Ole , Allodi Ilary
Published: May 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive loss of somatic motor neurons. A major focus has been directed to motor neuron intrinsic properties as a cause for degeneration, while less attention has been given to the contribution of spinal interneurons. In the present work, we applied multiplexing detection of transcripts and machine learning–based image analysis to investigate the fate of multiple spinal interneuron populations during ALS progression in the SOD1
G93A
mouse model. The analysis showed that spinal inhibitory interneurons are affected early in the disease, before motor neuron death, and are characterized by a slow progressive degeneration, while excitatory interneurons are affected later with a steep progression. Moreover, we report differential vulnerability within inhibitory and excitatory subpopulations. Our study reveals a strong interneuron involvement in ALS development with interneuron specific degeneration. These observations point to differential involvement of diverse spinal neuronal circuits that eventually may be determining motor neuron degeneration.
The Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 confers immune evasive properties on pancreatic cancer stem cells
Authors: López-Gil Juan Carlos , García-Silva Susana , Ruiz-Cañas Laura , Navarro Diego , Palencia-Campos Adrián , Giráldez-Trujillo Antonio , Earl Julie , Dorado Jorge , Gómez-López Gonzalo , Monfort-Vengut Ana , Alcalá Sonia , Gaida Matthias M , García-Mulero Sandra , Cabezas-Sáinz Pablo , Batres-Ramos Sandra , Barreto Emma , Sánchez-Tomero Patricia , Vallespinós Mireia , Ambler Leah , Lin Meng-Lay , Aicher Alexandra , García García de Paredes Ana , de la Pinta Carolina , Sanjuanbenito Alfonso , Ruz-Caracuel Ignacio , Rodríguez-Garrote Mercedes , Guerra Carmen , Carrato Alfredo , de Cárcer Guillermo , Sánchez Laura , Nombela-Arrieta César , Espinet Elisa , Sanchez-Arevalo Lobo Víctor Javier , Heeschen Christopher , Sainz Bruno
Published: May 2024

Objective

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has limited therapeutic options, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Highly chemoresistant ‘stem-like’ cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are implicated in PDAC aggressiveness. Thus, comprehending how this subset of cells evades the immune system is crucial for advancing novel therapies.

Design

We used the KPC mouse model (

LSL-Kras
G12D/+
; LSL-Trp53
R172H/+
; Pdx-1-Cre

) and primary tumour cell lines to investigate putative CSC populations. Transcriptomic analyses were conducted to pinpoint new genes involved in immune evasion. Overexpressing and knockout cell lines were established with lentiviral vectors. Subsequent
in vitro
coculture assays,
in vivo
mouse and zebrafish tumorigenesis studies, and
in silico
database approaches were performed.

Results

Using the KPC mouse model, we functionally confirmed a population of cells marked by EpCAM, Sca-1 and CD133 as authentic CSCs and investigated their transcriptional profile. Immune evasion signatures/genes, notably the gene peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), were significantly overexpressed in these CSCs. Modulating PGLYRP1 impacted CSC immune evasion, affecting their resistance to macrophage-mediated and T-cell-mediated killing and their tumourigenesis in immunocompetent mice. Mechanistically, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-regulated PGLYRP1 expression interferes with the immune tumour microenvironment (TME) landscape, promoting myeloid cell-derived immunosuppression and activated T-cell death. Importantly, these findings were not only replicated in human models, but clinically, secreted PGLYRP1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with PDAC.

Conclusions

This study establishes PGLYRP1 as a novel CSC-associated marker crucial for immune evasion, particularly against macrophage phagocytosis and T-cell killing, presenting it as a promising target for PDAC immunotherapy.
Targeting MYC effector functions in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting the ATPase RUVBL1/2
Authors: Vogt Markus , Dudvarski Stankovic Nevenka , Cruz Garcia Yiliam , Hofstetter Julia , Schneider Katharina , Kuybu Filiz , Hauck Theresa , Adhikari Bikash , Hamann Anton , Rocca Yamila , Grysczyk Lara , Martin Benedikt , Gebhardt-Wolf Anneli , Wiegering Armin , Diefenbacher Markus , Gasteiger Georg , Knapp Stefan , Saur Dieter , Eilers Martin , Rosenfeldt Mathias , Erhard Florian , Vos Seychelle M , Wolf Elmar
Published: May 2024

Objective

The hallmark oncogene MYC drives the progression of most tumours, but direct inhibition of MYC by a small-molecule drug has not reached clinical testing. MYC is a transcription factor that depends on several binding partners to function. We therefore explored the possibility of targeting MYC via its interactome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Design

To identify the most suitable targets among all MYC binding partners, we constructed a targeted shRNA library and performed screens in cultured PDAC cells and tumours in mice.

Results

Unexpectedly, many MYC binding partners were found to be important for cultured PDAC cells but dispensable in vivo. However, some were also essential for tumours in their natural environment and, among these, the ATPases RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 ranked first. Degradation of RUVBL1 by the auxin-degron system led to the arrest of cultured PDAC cells but not untransformed cells and to complete tumour regression in mice, which was preceded by immune cell infiltration. Mechanistically, RUVBL1 was required for MYC to establish oncogenic and immunoevasive gene expression identifying the RUVBL1/2 complex as a druggable vulnerability in MYC-driven cancer.

Conclusion

One implication of our study is that PDAC cell dependencies are strongly influenced by the environment, so genetic screens should be performed in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the auxin-degron system can be applied in a PDAC model, allowing target validation in living mice. Finally, by revealing the nuclear functions of the RUVBL1/2 complex, our study presents a pharmaceutical strategy to render pancreatic cancers potentially susceptible to immunotherapy.
Developmental sources of crash risk in young drivers
Authors: Arnett J J
Published: May 2024

Objective:To outline various sources of crash risk among young drivers that are developmental (age based) factors.

Methods and Results:First, a distinction is made between adolescence (ages 10–18) and emerging adulthood (ages 18–25) in order to shed light on the reasons for especially high crash rates among 16–17 year old drivers relative to 18–25 year olds. Then various developmental sources of risk in adolescence are described, including the power of friends, the optimistic bias, and adolescent emotionality. The reasons for especially high crash rates among young males are discussed, with an emphasis on how American ideas about manhood promote driving risks. Finally, a cross national comparison between adolescents in the United States and Denmark shows how developmental risks interact with driving policies.

Conclusions:The high crash rates of adolescents relative to emerging adults and of emerging adults relative to older drivers can be explained in part by developmental factors.
Receptiveness to monkeypox vaccines and public health communication strategies among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Singapore: cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative insights
Authors: Chan Zach Yung Shen , Chong Shao Yuan , Niaupari Steph , Harrison-Quintana Jack , Lim Jue Tao , Dickens Borame , Kularathne Yudara , Wong Chen Seong , Tan Rayner Kay Jin
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Monkeypox (mpox) was declared as a global health emergency by the WHO, with most reported cases disproportionately involving gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). This study explored the willingness of Singaporean GBMSM to receive mpox vaccines and engage in changes to sexual behaviour, and analysed the factors influencing both decisions.

Methods

An online cross-sectional study was disseminated through community groups and Grindr from September to October 2022 among GBMSM in Singapore, where we surveyed respondents’ demographics, stigma associated with mpox, perceived risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and changes to sexual behaviours in response to mpox. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear and logistics regression analyses, as well as thematic analysis of data, were also conducted.

Results

237 GBMSM community members responded to the survey, with the majority being receptive to vaccine and 67.5% indicating changes to sexual behaviour in view of rising mpox infections. Predictors of vaccine receptivity among GBMSM included self-perceived mpox risk (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.44, 95% CI 0.07, 0.82) and self-perceived STI risk (aOR=0.39, 95% CI 0.03, 0.76). Predictors for changes to sexual behaviour included self-perceived mpox stigma (aOR=1.17, 95% CI 1.08, 1.27), self-perceived mpox risk (aOR=1.22, 95% CI 1.03,1.44), age (aOR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 1.00) and race (aOR=0.31, 95% CI 0.10, 0.93). In the thematic analysis, respondents raised concerns about vaccine effectiveness, side effects, cost and privacy.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the rise in mpox infections have prompted changes to GBMSM’s sexual practices. In general, GBMSM are willing to receive the mpox vaccine but are concerned about the physical and social consequences of uptake. These concerns should be addressed when vaccines are released.
Revascularisation patterns and characteristics after erythropoietin pretreatment and multiple burr holes in patients who had acute stroke with perfusion impairment
Authors: Lee Seong-Joon , Park So Young , Park Geun Hwa , Lee Jin Soo , Lim Yong Cheol , Hong Ji Man
Published: May 2024

Background

Transdural collaterals, originating mainly from the extracalvarial superficial temporal artery and intracalvarial middle meningeal artery via the external carotid artery (ECA), have been observed after revascularisation surgery. However, the origin of these collaterals in patients with stroke with perfusion insufficiency is not yet known. Therefore, we studied the revascularisation patterns and characteristics based on the origin of these collaterals.

Methods

We employed erythropoietin pretreatment and performed multiple burr holes under local anaesthesia to achieve transdural revascularisation in patients with acute stroke with perfusion insufficiency. After 6 months, we reassessed the transfemoral cerebral angiography to evaluate the revascularisation patterns. The collaterals were categorised into intracalvarial ECA-dominant (originating from the middle meningeal artery), extracalvarial ECA-dominant (originating from the superficial temporal or occipital artery) and balanced groups. We compared various imaging parameters among these groups.

Results

Overall, 87 patients with 103 treated hemispheres were involved. Among them, 57.3% were classified as intracalvarial ECA-dominant, 20.4% as extracalvarial ECA-dominant and 22.3% as balanced. Most of the hemispheres with intracalvarial or extracalvarial collaterals (vs balanced collaterals) showed successful revascularisation (78/80 (97.5%) vs 12/23 (52.1%)), p<0.001). In ultrasonographic haemodynamic changes according to revascularisation pattern, only the intracalvarial ECA-dominant revascularisation was significantly associated with specific changes in ECA blood flow, leading to the conversion to a low-resistance ECA Doppler sonography waveform.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that intracalvarial ECA-dominant revascularisation plays a crucial role in the formation of transdural collaterals following combined therapy. These distinct changes in ECA haemodynamics can be non-invasively identified through bedside ultrasound studies.
A Forward Learning Algorithm for Neural Memory Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Xu Xiuyuan , Luo Haiying , Yi Zhang , Zhang Haixian
Published: May 2024

The deep neural network, based on the backpropagation learning algorithm, has achieved tremendous success. However, the backpropagation algorithm is consistently considered biologically implausible. Many efforts have recently been made to address these biological implausibility issues, nevertheless, these methods are tailored to discrete neural network structures. Continuous neural networks are crucial for investigating novel neural network models with more biologically dynamic characteristics and for interpretability of large language models. The neural memory ordinary differential equation (nmODE) is a recently proposed continuous neural network model that exhibits several intriguing properties. In this study, we present a forward-learning algorithm, called nmForwardLA, for nmODE. This algorithm boasts lower computational dimensions and greater efficiency. Compared with the other learning algorithms, experimental results on MNIST, CIFAR10, and CIFAR100 demonstrate its potency.
A novel fixed point iteration process applied in solving the Caputo type fractional differential equations in Banach spaces
Authors: Okeke Godwin Amechi , Ugwuogor Cyril Ifeanyichukwu , Alqahtani Rubayyi T. , Kaplan Melike , Ahmed W. Eltayeb
Published: May 2024

We introduce the modified Picard–Ishikawa hybrid iterative scheme and establish some strong convergence results for the class of asymptotically generalized [Formula: see text]-pseudocontractive mappings in the intermediate sense in Banach spaces and approximate the fixed point of this class of mappings via the newly introduced iteration scheme. We construct some numerical examples to support our results. Furthermore, we apply the Picard–Ishikawa hybrid iteration scheme in solving the nonlinear Caputo type fractional differential equations. Our results generalize, extend and unify several existing results in literature.
A review on correlations among the multiplicities of charge particles at SPS, RHIC and LHC energies
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shreya , Haldar Prabir Kr.
Published: May 2024

Correlation study among the charge particle multiplicities plays an important role to analyze the heavy-ion interactions. Different observables like charged particle multiplicities, azimuthal anisotropy among the multiplicity of charge particles, transverse momentum of the multiplicities, etc. can correlate and these help to comprehend the various phases of heavy-ion collisions. We have reviewed two- and three-particle correlations, azimuthal correlations and Bose–Einstein correlations among the multiplicities of charge particles. We have also studied the forward-backward correlation technique to investigate the correlations among the charged multiplicities. Here, we have discussed various kinds of correlations at SPS energy, RHIC energy and LHC energy.
Study of transverse spherocity dependent identified particle spectra in a multi-phase transport model for O+O collisions at sNN = 7TeV
Authors: Bassan Mehar , Michael Thresia , Bano Nargis , Mishra Aditya Nath
Published: May 2024

Large Hadron Collider at CERN has a plan to have Oxygen+Oxygen (O+O) collisions in the upcoming run. In this work, we use A Multi-Phase Transport Model (AMPT) to employ transverse spherocity in O+O collision at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV and obtain the transverse momentum spectra, integrated yield and mean transverse momentum for identified charged-particles i.e. pion, kaon and proton. We implement the spherocity analysis to separate and distinguish isotropic and jetty events and show that the particle production mechanism is different for both types of events. In addition, the mean transverse momentum for jetty events shows a completely different behavior from the isotropic one.
The Saturation Number of Kp ∪ P3
Authors: Hu Jinze , Ji Shengjin , Zhang Chenke
Published: May 2024

For a given graph [Formula: see text], we call a graph [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text]-saturated if it contains no [Formula: see text]-copy, but adding any edge of [Formula: see text] creates a subgraph isomorphic to [Formula: see text]. The saturation number, denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum size of an [Formula: see text]-saturated graph of order [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we will show the value of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and give a complete characterization of the extremal graphs.
Multi-peak solutions to a biharmonic elliptic problem with non-power nonlinearity
Authors: Deng Shengbing , Yu Fang
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study the following biharmonic elliptic problem involving slightly subcritical non-power nonlinearity [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a bounded smooth domain, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a small parameter. By Lyapunov–Schmidt procedure, under suitable assumptions on the Robin function related to [Formula: see text], we construct the multi-peak solutions which blow-up and concentrate in different points of [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] goes to [Formula: see text].
Best one-sided approximation and optimal Hermite–Fejér interpolation on an infinite interval
Authors: Guo Dandan , Liu Yongping
Published: May 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a positive, Lebesgue integrable and exponential decay function defined on an infinite interval [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be the space of weighted Lebesgue integrable functions on [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we give the relations of the best one-sided approximation and the optimal Hermite–Fejér interpolation by the set of algebraic polynomials of degree not exceeding a given number for the smooth function classes [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], in the metric of the space [Formula: see text] and prove that the Hermite–Fejér interpolation based on the set of the zeros of some orthogonal polynomials is optimal in [Formula: see text]. In addition, we show that the approximation error of the optimal Hermite–Fejér interpolation and quadrature errors of the weighted Gaussian quadrature formula are equal, and give the exact constant of the errors.
Robustness of average sampling and reconstruction of shift-invariant signals in mixed Lebesgue spaces
Authors: An Yimeng , Zeng Xiaochen
Published: May 2024

The robustness of sampling scheme ensures that the exact samples are not crucial to recover the signal under considered and some errors can be tolerated. This paper addresses that two kinds of nonuniform average sampling schemes are robust for finitely generated shift-invariant signals in mixed Lebesgue spaces. The results show that the mixed shift-invariant signals can be reconstructed stably from two classes of nonuniform average samples, respectively, when the generators and sampling functionals are disturbed slightly.
Functional incremental least square regression algorithm
Authors: Shen Yujing , Zou Kunjin , Zou Bin , Xu Jie , Zeng Jingjing
Published: May 2024

Functional linear regression is one of the main modeling tools for working with functional data. Since functional data are usually stream data essentially and there are some noises in functional data. Many numerical research studies of machine learning indicate that the noise samples not only increase the amount of storage space, but also affect the performance of algorithm. Therefore, in this paper we consider a new learning strategy by introducing incremental learning, Markov sampling for functional linear regression and propose a novel functional incremental linear square regression algorithm based on Markov sampling (FILSR-MS). To have a better understanding of the proposed FILSR-MS, we not only estimate the generalization bound of the proposed algorithm and establish the fast learning rate, but also present some useful discussions. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by the numerical experiments for benchmark repository.
PCA-constrained multi-core matrix fusion network: A novel approach for cancer subtype identification
Authors: Li Min , Qi Zhifang , Liu Liang , Lou Mingzhu , Deng Shaobo
Published: May 2024

Cancer subtyping refers to categorizing a particular cancer type into distinct subtypes or subgroups based on a range of molecular characteristics, clinical manifestations, histological features, and other relevant factors. The identification of cancer subtypes can significantly enhance precision in clinical practice and facilitate personalized diagnosis and treatment strategies. Recent advancements in the field have witnessed the emergence of numerous network fusion methods aimed at identifying cancer subtypes. The majority of these fusion algorithms, however, solely rely on the fusion network of a single core matrix for the identification of cancer subtypes and fail to comprehensively capture similarity. To tackle this issue, in this study, we propose a novel cancer subtype recognition method, referred to as PCA-constrained multi-core matrix fusion network (PCA-MM-FN). The PCA-MM-FN algorithm initially employs three distinct methods to obtain three core matrices. Subsequently, the obtained core matrices are projected into a shared subspace using principal component analysis, followed by a weighted network fusion. Lastly, spectral clustering is conducted on the fused network. The results obtained from conducting experiments on the mRNA expression, DNA methylation, and miRNA expression of five TCGA datasets and three multi-omics benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed PCA-MM-FN approach exhibits superior accuracy in identifying cancer subtypes compared to the existing methods.
Designing of Superhydrophobic Material with Transition Between Lotus Effect and Petal Effect for Respective Applications
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Chen Weifeng , Zhang Fatao , Xiao Ting , Jiang Lihua , Tan Xinyu
Published: May 2024

Inspired by “Lotus effect” and “Petal effect” from nature, superhydrophobic materials have become a hot spot in recent years. However, the researches on these materials still face great challenges. Herein, the superhydrophobic material with transition between “Lotus effect” and “Petal effect” is fabricated via a facile strategy. In the preparation, the organosilicon polymer acts as the matrix, while modified nano-CaCO3 (M-CaCO[Formula: see text] and hydrophobic nano-SiO2 (H-SiO[Formula: see text] act as the dispersed phase, to construct the superhydrophobic material (OSiP–Ca–Si). Through regulating the ratio of M-CaCO3 and H-SiO2, the wetting properties of materials can be controlled for the transition between “Lotus effect” and “Petal effect”. For the materials with different effects, both of the water contact angles (WCAs) are above [Formula: see text]C, while the slide angles (SAs) are [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C, respectively. The transition mechanism can be explained by the distinct microstructures and the roughness they caused due to the different compositions. It is demonstrated that the material with “Lotus effect” possesses an outstanding self-cleaning function, and the material with “Petal effect” can well be applied in water harvesting. Therefore, this work provides a facile strategy for designing the superhydrophobic material with transition between “Lotus effect” and “Petal effect”, and endows them with different applications, thus exhibiting great significance in the advancement of superhydrophobic materials.