bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological and social challenges of the pandemic from the preschool educators’
Authors: Adilović Muharem , Odobašić Amina , Leto Aldina
Published: July 2022

The aim of this paper is to explore mental health challenges (operationally defined primarily through the DASS questionnaire – depression, anxiety and stress), but also the social aspect of individual stability due to the pandemic among educators in Bosnia and Herzegovina, taking into account the fact that kindergartens did not work, that some educators lost their jobs, and that going back to kindergartens under new circumstances was difficult for both children and educators.
The sample included educators from Sarajevo, Tuzla, Zenica, Mostar and the surrounding smaller cities, i.e., 111 participants in total. The instrument comprised three parts: sociodemographic variables (gender, educational level, type of employment contract, type of institution), social variables (economic, labor law and social status) and psychological variables (DASS questionnaire consisting of 42 items and a few questions for a qualitative analysis).
The results indicate that almost 2% of the educators lost their jobs, 8% were referred to the Employment Agency, 18% temporarily lost their job, which means that in total 28% of them experienced job instability due to the pandemic. The pandemic has also somewhat affected the amount of monthly income among a half of the participants. On the other hand, even 40% of the educators stated that the attitude of parents towards them changed significantly, parents appreciating more the job of an educator. Furthermore, the educators claimed they took it hard when kindergartens were reopened and when they had to go back to work under special epidemiological conditions. In terms of fear, they emphasized the fear of transmitting the COVID infection to the elderly, and children being confined to homes, while the minority felt fear of being infected by COVID. The quality of life changed since they missed physical contact with the loved ones, as well as visits and travelling. A quarter of the participants scored high on the scales of depression, anxiety and stress. The regression analysis model involving the sociodemographic variables of gender, age, working experience, educational level, kindergarten type, type of employment contract, and even social support, did not prove to be significant predictors of educators’ mental health.

Keywords: COVID-19, educators’ mental health, socio-economic status, stress.
A comparative analysis of the educational values of sevdalinka and turbo-folk music
Authors: Prkić-Palavra Kristina , Pehlić Izet
Published: July 2022

Insights into relevant scientific theoretical sources have indicated the existence of educational values of musical content, since it evokes emotions, and various emotions stimulate different thoughts, reactions and behavior. Furthermore, it has been concluded that music education presents an important part of overall esthetic and artistic education, and it impacts the overall affective, social, cognitive and psychomotor development of a person.
The aim of this paper was to find out through a comparative analysis whether there is a difference in the educational values promoted by sevdalinka and turbo folk music. We assumed that young people listen more to turbo-folk music, and older to sevdalinka, and that sevdalinka promotes and turbo folk does not promote educational values.
We used a method of theoretical analysis and a descriptive-analytical survey method, while we collected data using a survey. A Questionnaire on general data and a Questionnaire on the values of sevdalinka and turbo-folk music were used as the instruments.
The research sample comprised 200 participants: 50 high school students from Sarajevo and Zenica-Doboj Canton, 50 university students from Sarajevo and Zenica-Doboj Canton, 50 people aged 35 to 60 years, and 50 people older than 60.
The results showed that younger people listen to turbo-folk music more, while older people listen to sevdalinka more, and that sevdalinka promotes educational values and turbo-folk does not. Moreover, the findings indicated that the greatest number of the participants consider that the musical quality of sevdalinka is significant, that their lyrics are educational, and that they promote educational values, that their content is meaningful and of great quality, that sevdalinka affects feelings and behavior positively, while listening to it improves one’s mood.
Keywords: sevdalinka, turbo-folk, educational values, music education, musical quality.
Tactics, measurement and determinants of self-presentation
Authors: Isić-Imamović Almira
Published: July 2022

The paper aims to present the taxonomies of self-presentation tactics, the instruments for investigating and measuring the forms of self-presentation, as well as the determinants of self-presentation. The paper presents and describes the taxonomies of self-presentation tactics developed by Jones and Pittman (1982), Tedeschi (1981), Tedeschi, Lindskold and Rosenfeld (1985), Arkin (1981) and Schültz (1998). Moreover, eight instruments examining and measuring the forms of self-presentation in different social situations were introduced. We also presented numerous scholars’ results related to the determinants of self-presentation, which indicate that self-presentation behavior is determined by one’s personal characteristics (age, gender, level of self-esteem, self-perception, private and public self -awareness, and social anxiety), by the characteristics of tThe paper aims to present the taxonomies of self-presentation tactics, the instruments for investigating and measuring the forms of self-presentation, as well as the determinants of self-presentation. The paper presents and describes the taxonomies of self-presentation tactics developed by Jones and Pittman (1982), Tedeschi (1981), Tedeschi, Lindskold and Rosenfeld (1985), Arkin (1981) and Schültz (1998). Moreover, eight instruments examining and measuring the forms of self-presentation in different social situations were introduced. We also presented numerous scholars’ results related to the determinants of self-presentation, which indicate that self-presentation behavior is determined by one’s personal characteristics (age, gender, level of self-esteem, self-perception, private and public self -awareness, and social anxiety), by the characteristics of the interlocutor or audience to whom a person presents oneself (the social status of the audience, the gender of the audience, the level of familiarity with the audience, the level of dependence on the audience, and the prediction of future interaction with the audience), and by the characteristics of the social situation in which self-presentation takes place (prediction of the target value of impression, the importance of desired aims and balance between the real and desired public image of oneself).
Keywords: self-presentation tactics, instruments for measuring the forms of self-presentation, self-presentation determinants.
he interlocutor or audience to whom a person presents oneself (the social status of the audience, the gender of the audience, the level of familiarity with the audience, the level of dependence on the audience, and the prediction of future interaction with the audience), and by the characteristics of the social situation in which self-presentation takes place (prediction of the target value of impression, the importance of desired aims and balance between the real and desired public image of oneself).

Keywords: self-presentation tactics, instruments for measuring the forms of self-presentation, self-presentation determinants.
Formative and informative nature of ecology content in elementary school textbooks of islamic religious education
Authors: Tufekčić Nermin
Published: July 2022

Based on the analysis of the Islamic religious education textbooks, this research aimed to explore the nature of content with respect to its formative and informative character, as well as to investigate the teachers’ stances about the character of the ecology content in the elementary school textbooks of religious education. The starting assumption was that the research findings would show that the ecology content in elementary school textbooks of Islamic religious education is by its nature both formative and informative.
We used a theoretical analysis method, a content analysis method, and a descriptive analytical survey method. The research corpus comprised Islamic religious education textbooks, and the sample consisted of 100 religious education teachers from Tuzla and Zenica.
The findings related to the teachers’ stances showed that the majority of teachers consider that formative and informative ecology content is not sufficiently represented, but that the formative ecology content is present more. On the other hand, the results of the content analysis indicated that informative ecology content is more present than the formative content.

Keywords: religious education, textbook, teaching content, informative and formative character.
Compte rendu : Else Jongeneel, L’Illustration en majesté. L’édition Curmer de Paul et Virginie et La Chaumière indienne, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2021
Authors: Zaepffel Céline
Published: July 2022

Compte rendu de Else Jongeneel, L’Illustration en majesté. L’édition Curmer de Paul et Virginie et La Chaumière indienne, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2021
EVOLUCIJA POLITIČNE TEORIJE V SLOVENIJI
Authors: Pikalo Jernej
Published: July 2022

Članek se ukvarja z razvojem politične teorije
v Sloveniji od 1990. leta dalje. Raziskuje razvoj discipli-
ne in išče njene korenine v začetkih političnoteoretskih
študij leta 1961. Obravnava avtorje, ideje, dela in meto-
dološke pristope. Članek zavrača tezo, da si študije poli-
tične teorije delijo podobno usodo povsod po Srednji in
Vzhodni Evropi, s tem ko pokaže, da v politični teoriji
v Sloveniji ni bilo prelomov in razdorov, ampak da gre
za evolucijo, pri kateri naslednje obdobje razmišljanja
temelji na prejšnjem. Članek kritično ocenjuje javno
vlogo političnih teoretikov, njihova (ne)stališča do poli-
tičnih teorij, njihovo odgovornost in razvojne potenciale.
Ključni pojmi: politična teorija, razvoj discipline,
Slovenija, zgodovina, demokratizacija
Performance and polarization response of Slit Homogenizers for the GeoCarb Mission
Authors: Crowell Sean , Haist Tobias , Tscherpel Michael , Caron Jérôme , Burgh Eric , Moore III Berrien
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The observing strategy of the Geostationary Carbon Observatory (GeoCarb), which is a "step and stare" approach, can lead to distortions in the instrument spectral response function (ISRF) when there are gradients in brightness across instru- ment field of view. These distortions induce errors in the retrieved trace gases. In order to minimize these errors, the GeoCarb instrument design was modified to include a "slit homogenizer" whose purpose is to scramble the pattern of the incoming light and effectively remove the ISRF distortions causing by the variations in illumination across the slit. As a risk reduction, Geo- Carb procured six different homogenizers and had them tested for performance in a bench-top optical system. The major finding is that the homogenizer performance depends strongly on the polarization of the incoming light, with the sensitivity growing as a function of wavelength. The width of the ISRF is substantially smaller when the light is vertically polarized (orthogonal to the slit length) compared to horizontally polarized (parallel to the slit length), and the throughput is accordingly reduced. These effects are due to the effects of the gold coating and high incidence angles present in the GeoCarb homogenizer design, which was verified using a polarization-dependent model generalized from previous homogenizer modeling work. The results strongly recommend controlling the polarization of the light entering a similar implementation for other instruments attempting to mitigate scene illumination non-uniformity effects, as well as a robust characterization of the polarization sensitivity of all key subsystems.
The influence of elevated CO2 and soil depth on rhizosphere activity and nutrient availability in a mature Eucalyptus woodland
Authors: Pihlblad Johanna , Andresen Louise C. , Macdonald Cartriona A. , Ellsworth David S. , Carrillo Yolima
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) in the atmosphere increases forest biomass productivity, but only where soil nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are not limiting growth. eCO2, in turn, can impact rhizosphere nutrient availability. Our current understanding of nutrient cycling under eCO2 is mainly derived from surface soil, leaving mechanisms of the impact of eCO2 on rhizosphere nutrient availability at deeper depths unexplored. To investigate the influence of eCO2 on nutrient availability in soil at depth, we studied various C, N and P pools (extractable, microbial biomass, total soil C and N, and mineral associated P) and nutrient cycling processes (enzyme activity and gross N mineralization) associated with C, N, and P cycling in both bulk and rhizosphere soil at different depths at the Free Air CO2 enrichment facility in a native Australian mature Eucalyptus woodland (EucFACE) on a nutrient-poor soil. We found that the depth-induced decrease in nutrient availability, gross N mineralization was counteracted by the root influence and by eCO2. Increases in available PO43-, adsorbed P and the C : N and C : P ratio of enzyme activity with depth were observed. We conclude that the influences of roots and of eCO2 can affect available-nutrient pools and processes well beyond the surface soil of a mature forest ecosystem. Our findings indicate a faster recycling of nutrients in the rhizosphere, rather than additional nutrients becoming available through SOM decomposition. If the plant growth response to eCO2 is reduced by the constraints of nutrient limitations, then the current results would call to question the potential for mature tree ecosystems to fix more C as biomass in response to eCO2. Future studies should address how accessible the available nutrients at depth are to deeply rooted plants, and if fast recycling of nutrients is a meaningful contribution to biomass production and the accumulation of soil C in response to eCO2.
Nitrate isotope investigations reveal future impacts of climate change on nitrogen inputs and cycling in Arctic fjords: Kongsfjorden and Rijpfjorden (Svalbard)
Authors: Santos-Garcia Marta , Ganeshram Raja Singaravelu , Tuerena Robyn Elizabeth , Debyser Margot Christine Frédérique , Husum Katrine , Assmy Philipp , Hop Haakon
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Ongoing climate change in the Arctic has caused tidewater glacier retreat and increased discharge of freshwater and terrestrial material into fjords. These land inputs bring nutrients into the fjords and their cycling within the fjord system can vary with the influence of tidewater glaciers and the presence of sub-glacial meltwater plumes. In this study, we assess the influence of tidewater glaciers on nitrogen inputs and cycling in two fjords in Svalbard during the summer using stable isotopic analyses of dissolved nitrate (δ15N and δ18O) in combination with nutrients and hydrographic data. Kongsfjorden receives inputs from tidewater glaciers, whereas Rijpfjorden mainly receives surface inputs from land-terminating glaciers. Results showed that both fjords are enriched in nutrients from terrestrial inputs, where the inputs exceed Redfield ratios with excess Si and P relative to N. In both fjords, terrestrial nitrate from snowpack and glacier melting are identified as the dominant sources based on high δ18O-NO3- and low δ15N-NO3- of dissolved nitrate. In Kongsfjorden, mixed-layer nitrate is completely consumed within the fjord system which we attribute to vigorous circulation at the glacial front influenced by the subglacial plume and longer residence time in the fjord. This is in contrast with Rijpfjorden where nutrients are only partially consumed perhaps due to surface river discharge and light limitation. In Kongsfjorden, we estimate terrestrial and marine N contributions to the nitrate pool from nitrogen isotopic values (δ15N-NO3-) and this suggests that nearly half the nitrate in the subglacial plume (50 ± 3 %) and the water column (44 ± 3 %) originates from terrestrial sources. In addition, we show that terrestrial N also contributes significantly to regenerated N pool (63–88 %) within this fjord suggesting its importance in sustaining productivity within Kongsfjorden. Given this importance of terrestrial nutrient sources within the fjords, increase in these inputs due to climate change can enhance the fjord nutrient inventory, productivity and nutrient export offshore. Specifically, increasing Atlantification and warmer Atlantic Water will encourage tidewater glacier retreat and in turn increase surface discharge. In fjords akin to Rijpfjorden this is expected to foster more light limitation and less dynamic circulation, ultimately aiding the export of nutrients offshore contributing to coastal productivity. Climate change scenario postulated for fjords such as Kongsfjorden include more terrestrial N-fuelled productivity and N cycling within the fjord, less vigorous circulation and the expansion of oxygen depleted deep waters inside the sill.
A national landslide inventory for Denmark
Authors: Luetzenburg Gregor , Svennevig Kristian , Bjørk Anders A. , Keiding Marie , Kroon Aart
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Landslides are a frequent natural hazard occurring globally in regions with
steep topography. Additionally, landslides play an important role in
landscape evolution by transporting sediment downslope. Landslide inventory
mapping is a common technique to assess the spatial distribution and extent
of landslides in an area of interest. High-resolution digital elevation
models (DEMs) have proven to be useful databases to map landslides in large
areas across different land covers and topography. So far, Denmark had no
national landslide inventory. Here, we create the first comprehensive
national landslide inventory for Denmark derived from a 40 cm resolution DEM
from 2015 supported by several 12.5 cm resolution orthophotos. The landslide
inventory is created based on a manual expert-based mapping approach, and we
implemented a quality control mechanism to assess the completeness of the
inventory. Overall, we mapped 3202 landslide polygons in Denmark with a
level of completeness of 87 %. The complete landslide inventory is
freely available for download at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16965439.v2 (Svennevig and
Luetzenburg, 2021) or as a web map (https://data.geus.dk/landskred/, last access: 6 June 2022) for further investigations.
Feasibility of Irrigation Monitoring with Cosmic-ray Neutron Sensors
Authors: Brogi Cosimo , Bogena Heye Reemt , Köhli Markus , Huisman Johan Alexander , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan , Dombrowski Olga
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Accurate soil moisture (SM) monitoring is key in irrigation as it can greatly improve water use efficiency. Recently, Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensors (CRNS) have been recognized as a promising tool in SM monitoring due to their large footprint of several hectares. CRNS have great potential for irrigation applications, but few studies have investigated whether irrigation monitoring with CRNS is feasible, especially for irrigated fields with a size smaller than the CRNS footprint. Therefore, the aim of this work is to use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the feasibility of monitoring irrigation with CRNS. This was achieved by simulating irrigation scenarios with different field dimensions (from 0.5 ha to 8 ha) and SM variations between 0.05 and 0.50 cm3 cm-3. Moreover, the energy dependent response functions of eight moderators with different high-density polyethylene (HDPE) thickness or additional gadolinium thermal shielding were investigated. It was found that a considerable part of the neutrons that contribute to the CRNS footprint can originate outside an irrigated field, which is a challenge for irrigation monitoring with CRNS. The use of thin HDPE moderators (e.g., 5 mm) generally resulted in a smaller footprint and thus stronger contributions from the irrigated area. However, a thicker 25 mm HDPE moderator with gadolinium shielding improved SM monitoring in irrigated fields due to a higher sensitivity of neutron counts with changing SM. Such moderator and shielding provided high chances of detecting irrigation events, especially when the initial SM was relatively low. However, it was found that variations in SM outside a small, irrigated field (i.e., 0.5 and 1 ha) can affect the count rate more than SM variations due to irrigation. This suggests the importance of retrieving SM data from the surrounding of a target field to obtain more meaningful information for supporting irrigation management, especially for small irrigated fields.
Assessment of Short-medium Term Intervention Effects Using CAESAR-Lisflood in Post-earthquake Mountainous Area
Authors: Wang Di , Wang Ming , Liu Kai
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered local geomorphic changes rapidly and gradually and produced abundant materials through external processes. The abundant materials increased the risks of geomorphic hazards (flash floods, landslides, and debris flows) induced by extreme precipitation in the area. To reduce sediment transport present in geomorphic hazards, intervention measures such as dams, levees, and vegetation revetments have been constructed in specified sites. This study concentrated on the assessment of intervention effects incorporated with various facilities on post-earthquake fragile mountains in the short-medium term. Take the Xingping valley as an example, we used the CAESAR-Lisflood landscape evolution model to simulate three different scenarios including unprotected landscapes, present protected landscapes, and enhanced protected landscapes in 2011–2013. We compared the geomorphic changes and defined two indicators to assess the intervention effects. The results showed that the mitigation facilities were effective, especially engineering measures that cooperated with vegetation revetments in the upstream area, and the present mitigation measures were inadequate to stop materials loss and prevent hazards from the upstream area. Moreover, the effectiveness reduced gradually caused by the storage capacity of dams decreased. The simulation methods assessed the ability and effectiveness of cooperated control measures and could support optimum mitigation strategies.
Consequências do uso prolongado de metilfenidato no tratamento de transtornos de neurodesenvolvimento, como o TDAH
Authors: Ffa Huan Lin , Cipriano Amanda Mendonça Vieira , Coan Fernanda Fernandes , Fernandes Isadora Marçal Barbosa , Assunção Izabely Lima , Gonçalves Lia Gabriela Luciano , Ferreira Yakyra Henrique de Sousa , Chaves Catarina Gomes , Assunção Cleaide Ataide Lima , Silva Ruy Palhano
Published: July 2022

O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH), é considerado um transtorno de neurodesenvolvimento e definido como uma síndrome neurocomportamental. O tratamento mais aplicado para tratar os sintomas do TDAH, é a utilização do metilfenidato. Propôs-se realizar nesse artigo, uma revisão sistemática a qual foram utilizadas bases de dados como PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane Library e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), sendo escolhido 13 artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2022, que abordavam os efeitos associados ao uso prolongado de metilfenidato no tratamento de transtornos de neurodesenvolvimento como o TDAH e a qual os descritores utilizados na pesquisa foram encontrados no MeSH e DeCs. O objetivo do estudo foi garantir o entendimento dos efeitos do medicamento Metilfenidato, no tratamento de transtornos de neurodesenvolvimento, como o TDAH. Como resultado, foi visto que o metilfenidato reduz satisfatoriamente sintomas, porém há de ser introduzido um alerta sobre risco do uso abusivo do medicamento, devido efeitos adversos como perda de peso, dores abdominais, depressão, taquicardia e cefaleia. A droga não mostra melhora no desempenho cognitivo de pessoas que não possuem o transtorno, não aumenta o risco de má formação congênita, apenas se utilizado durante a gravidez e, o medicamento em associação com equipe multidisciplinar, reduz a hiperatividade, impulsividade e melhora o desempenho de crianças com TDAH. Apesar dos sintomas de TDAH serem melhorados com o uso correto da medicação, em pacientes diagnosticados, ocorre hiperglicemia, hipocalemia, hiponatremia leve e elevação da contagem de leucócitos. Dessa forma, há necessidade de mais aprofundadas abordagens relacionadas ao assunto, para melhor entendimento e abordagem prática.
Manifestações neurológicas em adultos diagnosticados com COVID-19
Authors: Alencar Neto José Peixoto de , Porto Carla Pereira Santos , Fontes Emilly Vasconcelos Borges , Oliveira Halley Ferraro , Lima Márcio Maxi de Araújo , Carvalho Luiz Felipe Chaves , Campos Vivian Azevedo Marques de
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência das manifestações neurológicas em pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19 hospitalizados. Fontes de dados: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática. Foram colhidas as informações nas bases de dados PUBMED e BVSALUD, por meio de descritores (em inglês e em português) como SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19, sintomas neurológicos, hospitalização, adultos. Os seguintes filtros de busca foram aplicados: artigos publicados desde 01 de janeiro de 2021 a 31 de Dezembro de 2021, descritores presentes no título ou no resumo.  Síntese dos dados: Conforme os artigos estudados, faz-se notória a sintomatologia clínica causada pela infecção do SARS-CoV-2 em adultos hospitalizados. Observou-se a predominância cefaleia e mialgia (sintomas neurológicos inespecíficos do sistema nervoso central); anosmia e mialgia (sintomas neurológicos do sistema nervoso periférico), sugerindo a relação destes com tempo de hospitalização e pior prognóstico clínico. Conclusão: Fica evidente, que, por ser recente, ainda há poucas informações esclarecidas sobre as manifestações clínicas do COVID-19, sobretudo achados neurológicos em pacientes hospitalizados, para a qual ainda há um número limitado de estudos.
Psychogenic Stroke: A Case Report
Authors: AlEnizi Ghadah , Bakir Mohamad
Published: July 2022

Stroke mimics complicate stroke diagnosis in the emergency department. Here, we present a case, diagnosed as psychogenic stroke, in which the patient presented with right-sided facial deviation, slurred speech, and right-sided weakness, after receiving bad news. Her imaging findings were unremarkable, and her symptoms resolved entirely after two hours. We conclude with several remarks about the relationship between emotions and stroke and the challenges of diagnosing psychogenic stroke.
Exploring the End-of-Life Experiences of Advanced Cancer Patients from India
Authors: Wajid Maria , Rajkumar Eslavath , Romate J
Published: July 2022

Objective

Paying attention to the socio-cultural characteristics of advanced cancer patients as they pass through the final stages of life can help healthcare professionals and mental health professionals assess the end-of-life experiences of terminally ill patients better. A comprehensive study of this population in the Indian context is helpful to devise individualized end-of-life care that aligns with their preferences and focuses on their comfort.

Method

The dataset comprised information-rich cases of 10 advanced cancer patients from Bangalore, India, selected using the purposive sampling method. The semi-structured interviews with the participants were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated. Identification of patterns and commonalities in the dataset helped generate codes. The codes were used to narrow down to overarching themes.

Results

The standout themes were outlook on life, unfulfilled goals, end-of-life expectations, and death anxieties and attitudes to impending death.

Significance of Results

The study highlights the psychosocial and cultural needs of the patients in end-of-life care. How advanced cancer patients long for psychological care from mental health professionals and empathy from their loved ones. This study argues for renewed attention on the socio-cultural characteristics of terminally ill patients to enhance individualized care through culturally-competent interventions.
Employment of Public Relations Programs in Awareness of the Sdanese Womens Rights
Authors: Othman Mona
Published: July 2022

Because of the importance of spreading peace and social cohesion, especially with the spread of deviant ideas and destructive sects in society, this study aims to know the role of "Zain Communications Company" television advertisements during the month of Ramadan in spreading peace and cohesion within Saudi society. To achieve the objectives of the research, this study relied on the survey method (quantitative and qualitative) for a sample of (300) individuals and analyzed four models of the TV company's advertisements that were published during the month of Ramadan. The data was collected and analyzed, and one of the most important results of the study: Zain's interest in publishing awareness ads that call for peace and spread cohesion in society by raising social issues in a distinctive dramatic musical style that affects the beliefs and behavior of the Saudi public, and Zain's ads fought racism and extremism between Islam and Christianity. Also, the results revealed that Zain's Ramadan advertisements urged the promotion of social values ​​such as cooperation, solidarity, and spreading hope and optimism among Saudi society during crises.
Role of television advertising in the promotion of banking services, descriptive and analytical study
Authors: Alamin Mohammed  Mohammed Dr.Haithem
Published: July 2022

The study dealt with the role of television advertising in the promotion of banking services, descriptive and an a l y t I c a I study , applied to a group of Sudanese banks . represented in: 1/ f a I s a Islamic Bank of Sudan . 2/ Islamic North Bank . 3/Commercial Real Estate Bank. 4/ Omdurman Na o n al Bank. A I N I lain Bank. 5/ Bank of Khartoum .In the period from 17/9/2017/ to 17/ 9/ 2019. This research is descriptive research based on field research methodology, Using scientific and interview observations, and data collection tools .search section to four access:                                                                                   The first chapter contains a systematic framework for research . chapter Two  It includes the theoretical framework, and consists of three questions The first topic : the concept and definition of television advertising . the third topic : the functions, characteristics and means of television advertising . chapter III, Electronic Advertising and customer Behavior . The first topic : the concept and definition of economic development . the third topic : the role of the Internet in influencing the behavior of customers. The fourth chapter, which includes the field study , consists of three sections. The first topic : the development and emergence of Sudanese banks (subject of the field study). The second topic : includes methodological procedures .the third topic : presentation and interpretation of data . conclusions, references , sources and annexes. Objectives of the research: aims at the following :1/ stand on the role of television advertising in changing the behavior of the customer towards the service provided by banks.2/ Identify the role of television advertising in raising awareness of the customer about banking services. 3 / I den f y the reality of television advertising within the banks targeted to e l d s t u d y . Main results:                                                                    

1/ the study showed that television advertising works to achieve development works to achieve development in various fields.2/ the study con r med that television advertising helps to develop banking based on Islamic principles.3/ the study pointed out that television advertising contributes to increasing the number of customers dealing with banks.

Recommendations:1/ conduct periodic eldvisits to ATM sites to I den f y problems and problems that occur to them ,and work to address them.2/ Building the spirit of work and one team, and the development of social relations between employees in banks. Bank.
關於現代漢語詞典中未收錄的同素逆序詞的來源 —以詞典中的實例和出處為中心―
Authors: 馬雲 馬雲
Published: July 2022

本文調查了現代日語中有同素逆序詞“AB-BA”的組合，但在現代漢語中只有 “AB”而沒有“BA”的 260 個詞的實例及其出處。 調查結果顯示，關於現代漢語詞典中未收錄的“BA”這些詞的出處，源自中國 文獻的有 158 個，源自日本文獻的有 86 個，同時出自中國文獻和日本文獻的詞有 6 個，未標明實例和出處的詞共有 10 個。 我們發現，源自日本文獻的詞彙中，尤其是出自明治時期以後的日本近代文獻 的較多。筆者認為，古代漢語詞典中之所以未收錄“BA”的原因之一就是這些詞源 自于日本近代以後的文獻。

 

This study investigates 260 examples of words that have the combination ""AB-BA"" in modern Japanese, whereas in modern Chinese there is only ""AB"" but not ""BA"" and their origins. According to the results of the survey, there are 158 words from Chinese literature and 86 words from Japanese literature, 6 words from both Chinese and Japanese literature, and 10 words with no examples or origins indicated. Among the words from Japanese literature, we find that there are more words from modern Japanese literature, specifically from the Meiji period onwards. The author believes that one of the reasons for the failure to include BA in ancient Chinese dictionaries is because these words are derived from recent Japanese literature. differences in words and mis-translations.

 
專為非日語專攻學習者的課程設計 —透過製作作品培養日語運用能力的可能性—
Authors: 張又華 張又華
Published: July 2022

第二外語的基礎日語課程由於授課時數及大班級等的限制，相較於產出活 動，輸入活動較容易掌控的關係，一般皆以輸入活動為課程中心。在這樣以輸 入活動為中心的課程之下，筆者觀察到第二外語基礎日語課程的學習者，相較 於理解能力，口頭及產出能力的發展較為緩慢。近年，初級課程中的整合運用 活動逐漸受到重視，課程中導入整合運用活動說不定能作為解決該問題的方法。 因此，本此實踐中，為了發展學習者的基礎口說及產出能力，在原本的課程中 加入筆者自身針對第二外語基礎日語課程學習者而設計的整合運用活動（朗讀 劇作品製作），並由情意、認知、技能三個面向進行分析考察。 由此次分析考察的結果得知，導入整合運用活動的基礎日語課程，不僅提 升日語能力，同時也能培養基礎口頭及產出能力、增強學習動機及促進團隊合 作。雖然關於實施及支援的方式仍有改進空間，但此次實踐結果可以說是在整 合運用活動導入第二外語基礎日語課程的可能性上獲得了初步成果。

 

In basic Japanese classes as a second language, input is usually the main focus because input is easier to control than output due to limitations such as the number of class hours and the large number of students. As a result, the development of oral and production skills tended to be slower than comprehension skills. As integrated activity from the beginning level are also becoming more and more important, integrated activity is a possible solution to this problem. Therefore, in this study, the author devised a syllabus that incorporates an integrated activity (production of a reading play) for learners of basic Japanese so that they can develop their oral and productive skills. From the results of this study, it was found that the basic Japanese class with integrated activity was effective in fostering not only Japanese language skills but also basic oral and productive skills, improving motivation, and promoting teamwork. Although there is room for further study in terms of implementation and support, it can be said that we have obtained some initial results that will enable us to design classes for non-Japanese majors that incorporate integrated activity.

 
U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS IN THE ERA OF MULTI-POLARISM: TRADE WAR BETWEEN THE TWO ECONOMIC GIANTS
Authors:   Independent Researcher, ZREIK Mohamad
Published: July 2022

The great Chinese economic progress has become a source of concern to the United States, so former U.S. President Donald Trump announced the trade war to curb and slow Chinese economic progress following the vision of the U.S. The Trump administration has highlighted economic protectionism against what he calls “unfairness.” Still, it is becoming inevitable that applying this strategy is no longer viable in current foreign policy, given that the world is no longer unipolar and that the U.S. is defying fierce competition by China. A major economic powerhouse. This research paper comprehensively discusses the historical evolution of events that made China a major player, the direction the U.S. has followed in adapting to such change, and the new balance of power-driven by emerging markets. This academic work will aim to understand how the U.S.-International role is redefined under the grasp of China evolved and enhanced international trade dominance. The study will mainly target how the trade war between the two giants may proceed to the next level and create serious international trade challenges.
A Multicenter Cross Sectional Study to Evaluate the Role of Duodenal Bulb Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease
Authors: Khan Muhammad Aasim , Hanif Mohammad , Raja Kapeel , Gilani Naeem Abbas , Khokhar Amanullah , Ali Amjad
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim: A systemic immune disorder elicited by dietary gluten in people who are genetically predisposed to it is referred to as a celiac disease. D1 had been ruled out as a biopsy site due to concerns about Brunner's glands, peptic duodenitis, gastric metaplasia, and presumed reduced villous height. Due to histological confounding factors, the duodenal bulb (D1) as a biopsy site was traditionally avoided. The present study aimed to assess the duodenal bulb biopsy role in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Methodology: This multicenter cross sectional study was conducted on 108 celiac disease patients in the department of Gastroenterology, Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi, North West General hospital Peshawar and Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jilani Institute of Medical Science Gambat Khairpur, Sindh from September 2020 to July 2021. All the celiac disease patients were clinically symptomatic and had anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti TTG IgA) positive antibodies. Endoscopically, six mucosal biopsies were taken from each patient, four each from the distal duodenum and two additional biopsy separately labelled was taken from bulb. Modified Marsh grading was used for morphological grading. Results: Of the total 108 Celiac disease patients, 60 (55.6%) were females and 48 (44.4%) were male patients. the overall mean age was 32.62±6.4 years. Prior to diagnosis of Celiac disease, symptoms median duration was 5.4 years with a range of 6 months to 40 years. The most prevalent clinical presentation were iron deficiency anemia 43% (n=46) and chronic diarrhea 32% (n=35) respectively. Other clinical presentation were chronic pain abdomen, infertility, short stature, and cirrhosis. Elevated TTG of 117.1 ± 49.82 U/ml was measured in all the patients with a range of 20 to 250 U/ml. The incidence of similar and different modified Marsh grade was in 66 (61.1%) and 42 (58.9%) respectively at both site. Out of 42 different modified March grade patients, higher mucosal atrophy in bulb and descending duodenum showed higher grade in 16 and 26 patients respectively. Isolated bulb involvement was seen in nine patients. Due to bulb biopsy, Celiac disease diagnosis was correctly done in these patients. Conclusion: The present study supported the villous atrophy and intraepithelial lymphocytosis patchy nature in biopsy specimens of celiac disease. The diagnosis of celiac disease improved with inclusion of duodenal bulb biopsies in our sampling protocol. Celiac disease patchy nature and distribution demonstrated different Marsh grades in different biopsy sites. The celiac disease diagnostic yield is increased by combining the bulb and the descending duodenum biopsy. Keywords: Celiac Disease, Duodenal bulb biopsy, Modified Marsh grade
Comparison of Radiological Outcome in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Cage-Only v/s Cage and Plate Fixation
Authors: Mari Abdul Razaque , , Zeeshan Qazi Muhammad , Uddin Muhammad Muzaffer , Zulfiqar Farrukh , Kumar Ramesh , Ali Muhammad Munwar
Published: July 2022

Aim: A retrospective analysis of the outcome of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion comparing cage-only and cage-and-plate fixation on the basis of radiographic changes. Setting: In the department of Neurosurgery of a tertiary care hospital for two-year duration from January 2019 to December 2020. Methods: 56 patients who endured one-level ACDF (n = 34) and two-level ACDF (n = 22) for cervical disc disease were enrolled in the study and underwent a 12-months follow-up. Patients were separated according to cervical level and divided into cage-only group (ACDF-C) and cage-and-plate fixation group (ACDF-CP). The subsidence and status of fusion were evaluated on the radiography. Results: Comparing the ACDF-C with ACDF-CP at one level, the subsidence was detected in 50% of patients in the former group and in 33.3% of cases in the later at 12 months follow up. The two groups do not have statistically significant variance in terms of occurrence percentage (p = 0.32). In the two levels comparison of ACDF, ACDF-C had significantly more subsidence (75%) than the ACDF-CP group (28.5%; p= 0.046). The rate of fusion in single level ACDF of ACDF-C was not much different on statistics from that in the ACDF-CP group (87.5% and 88.8%, p= 0.43). The fusion was also similar in the two levels ACDF (ACDF-C= 87.5% and ACDF-CP= 92.8%; p= 0.30). Conclusions: This study’s radiological outcome did not exhibit any extra advantage of plate fixation compared to the cage-only in the 1-level ACDF subjects; however in ACDF at 2-level, a subsidence is much more probable without fixation of plate and therefore adding a plate to cage must be taken important. Keywords: cervical plate, cervical discectomy, spinal fusion, subsidence.
Assessment of Nutritional Status in Children Attending Government Schools in Islamabad, A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Inzamam Khalil Muhammad , Noor Khuday-E- , Irtizae Muhammad , Idrees Luqman Nasir , Asad Abdullah , Bibi Anum Hussain , Ahmad Amna , Irfan Naima , Mustehsan Zille Huma
Published: July 2022

Background: Child malnutrition is a major public health problem in most low income communities leading to high morbidity and mortality. According to National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan, 43% of children are stunted and 15% are wasted. Aim: To assess the nutritional status of the children attending the government schools in Islamabad. Methodology: A Descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out on school going children 6-12 years of age (1st -5th grade) attending Islamabad Model School for Boys F.11/1, Islamabad. Sample Size of 80 was obtained by using Simple Random sampling. Data collection tools, weighing machine, height measuring tape, calculator and a questionnaire form containing socio-demographic data of a child (age, gender, height, weight, socioeconomic group etc.), BMI for age percentile growth chart and height age growth chart. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software version 23. Conclusion: Shorter heights of children may mask their poor nutritional status and deem them, to be healthy on a BMI scale. Economic, political and social changes should be made with special focus on mothers’ education to improve the nutritional status of children. Keywords: BMI, Nutritional status, Government schools, socio-economic status
Estimation of Serum Adenosine Deaminase-2 (ADA2) as One of the Non- Invasive Diagnostic Marker of Pleural Effusion in Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus
Authors: Shah Syed Amanullah , Salam Abdul , Ahmed Ishfaq , Solangi Faheem Ahmed , Rauf Hafiz Abdul , Haque Zeeshan Ul
Published: July 2022

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder which disturbs the normal life of human due to involvement of different vital organs like bones, lungs, heart & kidney etc. A pleural effusion is one of the most common complications associated with lung involvement in young female patients with SLE. Pleural fluid examination is the main method for diagnosis, but lack of trained people and limited resources necessitate evaluating the non-invasive cheap method. Objective: To estimate the serum ADA2 level as one of non invasive marker for the diagnostic tool of pleural effusion in SLE Methodology: There were 29 female cases of SLE diagnosed in different remote areas of Pakistan divided into two groups: group-I contained 16 diagnosed cases of SLE without pulmonary involvement, and group-II contained 13 diagnosed cases of SLE with pleural effusion. The serum ADA2 level was estimated by using the ELISA method by using sandwich technology in conjunction with the ELISA method. In order to conduct the statistical analysis of the data, SPSS version 22 was used to apply an independent Student t-test. Results: The mean serum ADA2 of group-I was 15.1 ± 2.14 U/L while mean value of serum ADA2 of group-II was 11.13 ± 1.76 U/L. There was statistical (p<0.05) decreased level of serum ADA2 in patients of group-II patients with compared the patients of group-I patients. Conclusion: Serum ADA2 level in the serum may be one of diagnostic marker for the diagnosis of pleural effusion in the patients of SLE Keywords: SLE , Pleural Effusion, ADA Enzyme, ADA2,
Patient Concerns and Anxiety Regarding Orthodontic Treatment and appointments during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Malik Faiza , Tajasar Hida , Ali Sundas , Haroon Kashif , Haq Hooria , Khan Fiza
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine patient concerns and anxiety regarding orthodontic treatment and appointments during COVID-19 Pandemic Methodology: After approval from Sharif Medical Research Center (SMRC) and the Ethics Committee of Sharif Medical City Hospital (SMCH), 247 orthodontic patients were selected from the Orthodontics Department of SMCH, Lahore, who had on-going orthodontic treatment. The total duration of the study was two and a half months from 12th March to 30th May 2021. Data was analyzed by IBM SPSS version 25. Percentages of the responses in each domain of the questionnaire were calculated. Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were applied where applicable to determine the significance of associations between different variables, with p<0.05 taken as significant. Results: Two hundred and forty seven patients were sent the questionnaire links, while 213 patients responded, out of which 132 were females and 81 were males, with mean age 22.81±2.93 years. Anxiety about the coronavirus pandemic ranged from 5.32 ±2.30. Patients were particularly concerned about the length of time it would take to complete their orthodontic treatment as a result of quarantine (55.9 percent). 5.68±2.15 was the mean anxiety level. Conclusion: The quarantine recommended due to the COVID-19 pandemic impacted orthodontic appointments and patients' anxieties and anxiety, since a statistically significant correlation was established between quarantine and coronavirus sentiments and orthodontic appointment willingness. Males were more willing to get braces than females. Delay in treatment end, bracket breaking, and growing malocclusion were patients' top concerns. Patients said the most critical precaution in orthodontics was changing the dentists' disposable lab coats after every visit to avoid cross-contamination. Keywords: Anxiety, Coronavirus, Cross-infection, Dental care, Orthodontic braces.