bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Strategies for National Food Stockpiling: A Case Study of Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Eberhardt Katharina , Stieler Simon , Kaiser Florian Klaus , Schultmann Frank
Published: October 2024

Effective disaster preparedness, including the strategic stockpiling of resources, is crucial to respond quickly and efficiently to unforeseen crises. Therefore, we contribute to understanding effective disaster preparedness by examining the national food stockpiling practices in Germany and Switzerland, nations renowned for their proactive disaster management and high levels of preparedness. Using comparative content analysis, we thoroughly investigate the strategies, stakeholder involvement, and economic aspects these nations employ to ensure food supply. Insights are gained through in-depth interviews with experts in disaster management, food production, and food supply. The analysis reveals significant differences in the approaches, highlighting benefits and drawbacks for policymakers and practitioners. Our research underscores the importance of different strategies to suit national contexts and provides insights into best practices for enhancing food security and supply in the face of disasters.
Improved Satellite-Based Emergency Mapping through Automated Triggering of Processes
Authors: Mühlbauer Martin , Friedemann Monika , Roll Johanna , Riedlinger Torsten , Henkel Fabian , Angermann Lucas , Böck Mathias , Kaminski Tobias , Barginda Kayla
Published: October 2024

For more than two decades, satellite-based emergency mapping (SEM) supports authorities and responders in the rapid assessment of disaster situations. Although automation has been advanced, particularly in the field of satellite image analysis, the standard SEM workflow of the Copernicus Emergency Mapping Service (CEMS) is mostly user-driven at crucial steps. The 2021 flood events in western Germany show, as an example, the strong influence of manual interaction on the timely provision of satellite-based crisis products to emergency managers. We examine where latencies occur in the CEMS workflow and show a concept for the automation of processes and the usage of primarily open web data for process triggering to overcome delays. Our assumption is that a combination of both components is key for a faster SEM workflow, which we discuss along further benefits and challenges. A prototypical information system demonstrates the practical applicability of the concept.
Cascading supply chain disruption: impact on water industry during COVID-19
Authors: John Lijo , Piotrowicz Wojciech , Ruggiero Aino
Published: October 2024

The impact of COVID-19 on the lives of people and businesses across the globe was devastating. While governments across the world had undertaken a slew of measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus within their geography, many of these measures had long and unintended consequences. The restrictions imposed by the governments on the movement of people and goods across the world brought supply chains to a grinding halt. This study identifies the cascading effects of supply chain disruptions on the water sector. Since these systems are closely integrated and the impact of COVID-19 needs to be analysed at a much broader level, this study uses a systems-thinking approach to study the effect of supply chain disruptions on water services. The study develops a causal loop model to gain further insight into how supply chain disruptions caused by COVID-19 affected the coping capabilities of society and how critical services were affected.
Towards training network resilience to maintain disaster recovery expertise
Authors: Savignac Paul , Zobel Christopher , Petitdemange Eva , Cellier Nicolas , Weiss Robert , Lauras Matthieu
Published: October 2024

Effective disaster recovery depends on highly-skilled practitioners. Like any sector, however, the education and training systems that build these skills can experience crises that disrupt their ability to function effectively. Thesecan be one-off events (e.g. a major flood) or extend over long periods (e.g. a pandemic or a vocational crisis). Based on the observation that there is a shortage of trainers and teachers in the education sector, as shown by indicator D7 (OECD, 2023), in this article we study the ongoing ability of a French vocational training organization to transmit skills that are useful to society in the event of a natural disaster, and in particular those that will shorten the recovery time of buildings and infrastructures. We propose a model that simulates the flow of people through the educational system and the institution’s ability to generate enough trainers to maintain a chain of know-how transmission. In the simulation of this work in progress, we have parameterized the actual success rates, which we vary in order todefine a minimum success rate limit to ensure the renewal of human capital. Based on the proposed model, further testing and analysis will be used to characterize a range of resilient flow behaviors and to provide recommendations for maintaining the condition of the human know-how transmission chain.
Navigating the Digital Technology Behavior for the Distribution of Humanitarian Cash-Based Assistance: Aid Recipients Experience
Authors: Maghsoudi Amin , Abakar Abdelsalam Hamid
Published: October 2024

Cash-based assistance (CBA) programs have become an increasingly common approach as one modality for the provision of humanitarian aid. The use of disruptive and digital technologies (such as mobile money, and electronic vouchers) has provided benefits to the implementation of such programs in terms of for instance, cost-effectiveness, timeliness, coverage, safety, and financial inclusion. Despite the benefits, the digitalization of such programs is very context-dependent, including the needs and characteristics of affected populations as end recipients of the assistance. This research is aimed to investigate the contextual characteristics toward digital transformation addressing the end user’s experience. The series of interviews is conducted from humanitarian practitioners based in Uganda. The findings are yet to be analyzed, but some initial findings are discussed, and future research is addressed in the conclusion.
Location and allocation of primary and backup shelters in transboundary disasters
Authors: Rodriguez-Espindola Oscar Esteban , Albores Pavel , Luna-Reyes Dolores , Díaz-García Juan , Picazo-Vela Sergio
Published: October 2024

Disaster management is plagued by uncertainty and chaotic situations, often crossing boundaries and affecting multiple jurisdictions. Collaboration in these settings is complicated, especially when authorities face failure in the infrastructure available leading to facilities operating over capacity and/or vulnerable people left without support. There are records about those experiences globally. There is a broad literature on shelter location/allocation, but few articles consider the potential failure facilities and none of those contributions consider the collaboration between multiple jurisdictions. This article introduces a novel bi-objective formulation for shelter location-allocation considering backup facilities for operations involving multiple jurisdictions. This approach is applied to a set of numerical examples and a real case of volcanic eruptions in Mexico. The results show the influence of transboundary coordination on the support provided to disaster victims, the value of backup facilities and the capacity of the model design to provide relevant alternatives in practice.
Adapting PLUM: Earthquake Early Warning with Node-Level Processing in New Zealand
Authors: Chandrakumar Chanthujan , Tan Marion Lara , Holden Caroline , Stephens Max T. , Prasanna Raj
Published: October 2024

Is running the Propagation of Local Undamped Motion (PLUM) algorithm in a community-engaged earthquake early warning (EEW) network feasible, and can it function effectively at the node level without centralised processing units? This study investigates the practicality of deploying the PLUM algorithm within a node-level architecture, shifting away from traditional centralised seismic data processing methods. The study uses cost-effective MEMS-based seismographs to decentralise EEW. The preliminary phase of the research included the deployment of sensors and the establishment of a two-tiered Primary-Secondary node structure for node-level intensity prediction and alert generation, with the sensors functioning as independent prediction points. Future work includes threshold calibration for optimal alert issuance, and network expansion to reduce blind spots. This work-in-progress paper discusses progress towards a scalable, efficient EEW system that could serve as a replicable model for earthquake-prone regions globally, aiming for operational readiness that empowers communities against the threat of earthquakes.
State of Knowledge Management among German firefighters
Authors: Schultz Andreas , Dotzki Fabian , Mozgova Iryna
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces the results of a survey that was conducted among German firefighters in 2023 to investigate the current situation of knowledge management. We want to examine which systems and techniques are in use, what the end users' expectations towards knowledge management are, and which requirements a system should fulfill. We focus on all stages of the crisis management circle, from prevention and preparation to the response to an incident as well as recovery.
The goal of this survey is to evaluate firefighters' needs in order to be able to define requirements for a knowledge management system that will be accepted by the users. The exchange of information items between entities (emergency units, authorities, and enterprises) and other IT systems is one important aspect. We identify existing information and knowledge management systems, and means to improve user satisfaction by leveraging users to maintain a system with relevant and up-to-date information and knowledge.
Envisioning the Future of Emergency Management focused on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nuñez Ana-Gabriela , Quiroz-Palma Patricia , Penadés Ma Carmen , Parra Otto , Alvear Oscar
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Emergency Management integration has become crucial to improving crisis response efficiency and effectiveness. AI presents new paradigms for responding to emergencies but poses technical and operational challenges, ethical considerations, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks. The study examines various AI applications in emergency scenarios and employs a systematic literature review methodology to identify solutions and future directions for ethical and effective AI integration. The findings highlight the critical balance between leveraging AI capabilities and ensuring safety, privacy, and ethical compliance. Understanding AI's full scope and potential in this critical field is essential as we navigate technological advancements. The article contributes to understanding AI's potential to transform emergency management practices and emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks.
Unified command? Preliminary findings from a situation awareness experiment
Authors: Wolbers Jeroen
Published: October 2024

This study investigates high-pressure decision-making in fire response operations, with a particular focus on the cognitive abilities of incident commanders. It builds upon the naturalistic decision-making approach, emphasizing the pivotal role of situational awareness in decision-making. While existing studies predominantly concentrate on individual decision-makers, this study shifts attention to the collaborative dynamics within incident command teams. Through computer-based experiments, it explores the impact of interdependence between fireground commanders on situational awareness, challenging the presumed benefits of teamwork. Counterintuitive results question the conventional wisdom regarding the advantages of having a second pair of eyes. The experiment's findings indicate that commanders operating alone achieve the highest situational awareness scores, suggesting that organizing periodic moments of consultation works better than operating in pairs during response operations. This study provides insights into the intricate interplay of interdependence and situational awareness during high- pressured decision-making.
Empirical Investigation of Values Affected by AI Systems for Fire Services
Authors: Mioch Tina , Aldewereld Huib , Neerincx Mark A.
Published: October 2024

Fire fighters operate in a dangerous, dynamic, and complex environment. Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems can contribute to improve fire fighters' situation awareness and decision-making. However, the introduction of AI systems needs to be done responsibly, taking (human) values into account, especially as the situation in which fire fighters operate is uncertain and decisions have a big impact. In this research, we investigate values that are affected by the introduction of AI systems for fire services by conducting several semi-structured focus group sessions with (operational) fire service personnel. The focus group outcomes are qualitatively analyzed and key values are identified and discussed. This research is a first step in an iterative process towards a generic framework of ethical aspects for the introduction of AI systems in first response, which will give insight into the relevant ethical aspects to take into account when developing AI systems for first responders.
Selection of rural villages as volunteer centers for emergency response
Authors: Matinrad Niki , Andersson Granberg Tobias
Published: October 2024

Rural areas are typically sparsely populated, and coverage from emergency services is weak. In some such areas in Sweden, professional emergency services train civilian volunteers in providing help for certain types of emergencies. In case of an emergency, they are alerted on their mobile phones and are primarily expected to provide help in the vicinity of their homes. Due to limited resources, it is impossible to include all villages in the volunteer initiative, making the selection of the most beneficial villages for emergency response important. However, this decision is not always trivial to make. Therefore, we propose an optimization model to determine which villages should be included in this initiative to achieve the best possible emergency response coverage. The model is used in a case study for a large Swedish fire and rescue service organization, and based on the results, they have started volunteer centers in two villages.
Semantically Enriched Cross-Lingual Sentence Embeddings for Crisis-related Social Media Texts
Authors: Lamsal Rabindra , Read Maria Rodriguez , Karunasekera Shanika
Published: October 2024

Tasks such as semantic search and clustering on crisis-related social media texts enhance our comprehension of crisis discourse, aiding decision-making and targeted interventions. Pre-trained language models have advanced performance in crisis informatics, but their contextual embeddings lack semantic meaningfulness. Although the CrisisTransformers family includes a sentence encoder to address the semanticity issue, it remains monolingual, processing only English texts. Furthermore, employing separate models for different languages leads to embeddings in distinct vector spaces, introducing challenges when comparing semantic similarities between multi-lingual texts. Therefore, we propose multi-lingual sentence encoders (CT-XLMR-SE and CT-mBERT-SE) that embed crisis-related social media texts for over 50 languages, such that texts with similar meanings are in close proximity within the same vector space, irrespective of language diversity. Results in sentence encoding and sentence matching tasks are promising, suggesting these models could serve as robust baselines when embedding multi-lingual crisis-related social media texts. The models are publicly available at: https://huggingface.co/crisistransformers.
Design of Ergonomic Flour Dough Mixer with Participatory Approach to Increase Work Productivity MSME Employees
Authors: Sudana I Made , Yusuf M.
Published: October 2024

Culinary businesses that are members of MSMEs usually process foodstuffs, including stirring flour dough manually using their hands. It is ineffective, makes you tired quickly, and takes a long time. Usually there are complaints such as complaints of arm muscles, complaints of fatigue in the hands, pain in the palms, and it takes a long time, resulting in subpar worker productivity. Consequently, a participation flour dough mixer that is ergonomic is required. In order to conduct this research, an experimental design of a flour dough mixer was created and applied to sixteen samples of MSME employees in the Tabanan Regency. The Nordic Body Map questionnaire was used to measure musculoskeletal diseases, and the workload was divided by the survey results to determine job productivity. The employee's work pulse was measured using a pulse meter.  The findings demonstrated that the ergonomic flour dough mixer was designed based on the worker's anthropometric measurements. The tool's height was matched to the worker's standing elbow height, and the container's dimensions matched the worker's hand's reach. The design of an ergonomic flour dough mixer can reduce the workload of MSME employees by 15.1%; reduce musculoskeletal disorders of MSME employees by 47.9%; reduce MSME employee fatigue by 52.3%; and increase the work productivity of MSME employees by 501.1%.
Study on Online Shopping Intention for Technology Products among Generation Z in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Dung Mai Thi , Vinh Le Huynh Khanh , Khang Le Hua Phuoc
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors influencing the online shopping intentions for technology products among Generation Z in Ho Chi Minh City. The article utilizes an integrated model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), including the following factors: (1) Perceived Usefulness (CN), (2) Perceived Ease of Use (SD) affecting “Perceived Behavioral Control” (NTKS); (3) Perceived Behavioral Control (NTKS), (4) Subjective Norms (CCQ); (5) Attitude (TD) influencing the “Online shopping intention for technology products among Generation Z in Ho Chi Minh City” (YD). The research results show that “Perceived Behavioral Control” (NTKS) has the strongest impact on the online shopping intentions for technology products among Generation Z (YD), with an influence level of 0.676; the “Subjective Norms” (CCQ) factor has an influence level of 0.295 on the YD variable. The “Perceived Usefulness” (CN) factor has an influence level of 0.628 on NTKS; the “Perceived Ease of Use” (SD) factor has an influence level of 0.295 on NTKS. The “Attitude” (TD) factor does not have statistically significant evidence to conclude its impact on the dependent variable “Online Shopping Intention for Technology Products among Generation Z” (YD). Based on the research findings, the author provides several discussions and suggestions to enhance the online shopping intentions for technology products among Generation Z for manufacturers and businesses in this market.
Roadside Reflection of Nigeria's Declining Vultures: A study across Five Contiguous States (Plateau, Kaduna, Nasarawa, Benue, and Enugu)
Authors: Williams Michael Manja , Yilgwan Panshak Luka , Junior Mundi Francis , Adendem Mathew Nengel , Pam Ezekiel Dazi , Yiljika John Daniel
Published: October 2024

Globally, vultures and other raptors are facing a critical population crisis, with forecasts suggesting that up to 40% of species may become extinct within the next 30 years. This alarming declining trend is particularly pronounced in Africa, where vulture populations have drastically declined, with many species experiencing severe reductions or even local extinctions. In Nigeria, this decline is especially severe, with historical records indicating once-abundant vulture populations now reduced to only a few remaining species. This study aimed to evaluate the current status of vultures and other raptors across five contiguous states in Nigeria: Plateau, Kaduna, Nasarawa, Benue, and Enugu. The survey was conducted from January 28 to February 2, 2019, using an open Hillux traveling at 45 km/hour. Observations were made by two researchers from an opened truck, who recorded the number of raptors encountered and their locations at various times of the day. Data analysis was done using a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) in R to assess species abundance and compare raptor abundance across the states. The results were visualised using bar charts. A total of 217 raptors were sighted, with Yellow-billed Kites (Milvus aegyptius) being the most numerous, followed by Common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus). Vultures were significantly less abundant, with only three Palm-nut Vultures (Gypohierax angolensis) and two Hooded Vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus) recorded. This stark contrast highlights the severe decline in vulture populations in Nigeria, underlining the urgent need for conservation actions. The findings emphasise the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts to protect vultures and other raptors. Recommendations include, increasing public awareness, implementing protective legislation, and improving habitat management. Engaging local communities and enforcing laws against illegal hunting and trade in avian fauna are essential for preserving Nigeria’s raptor populations and preventing further declines.
Genetic Influences on Mental Health
Authors: Trang Nguyen Minh , Van Jennifer Tran Cao , Trang Do Hoang Phuong
Published: October 2024

Mental and physical health are two most crucial factor that deciding the happiness and development of each individual in the world. Physical health problem is quite obvious and easy to be recognized through advanced and modern technology. However, mental health sometimes invisible and hard to be revealed by the machines and the patients themselves. It is believed that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of various mental health conditions. Based on extensive research, scientists categorize major mental illnesses into several types, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders. The primary causes of these mental health issues are rooted in organic, psychological, abnormal physical structures, and endogenous factors. Treatment for mental health disorders includes a range of therapies such as medication, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), psychotherapy, and rehabilitation. It is essential for individuals to adopt different measures such as regular exercise, maintaining a positive attitude towards life’s challenges, helping others, and following a healthy diet to escape from mental health issues. This research used a survey conducted with over 200 participants to understand more about the relationship between mental health and genetics, offering recommendations for reducing the incidence of mental health issues.
The Assessment of Female Breast Cancer Tumors Using Some Biomarkers in Attendees of Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ilegbedion Ikhide Godwin , Mirinn Kenneth Ebiakpo , Amaihunwa Kingsley Chukwuka , Chukwuedo Judith Nkechi
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer has remained a major public health issue globally but predominantly affects women in developing nations. The overall survival rate of Nigerian women with breast cancer is low and patients with early breast cancer tend to have better survival than those with advanced distic basis and pathology. These changes are leading to revisions in the management of the disease with a positive impact on prognosis.The current research was done to describe the epidemiological and histopathological features of breast cancer amongst females attending the Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. In this retrospective study, 178 breast specimens were used, spanned from 2010 to 2022. Results presented an age at diagnosis lower to the Western population and invasive ductal carcinoma as the main histological type. In this study, the prevalence of breast cancer amongst females attending Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria was analyzed using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining techniques on breast cancer samples collected over the study period. The pathophysiology of breast cancer is not very clear; however, some risk factors are. While some common risk factors are advancing age and the female gender, genetic mutations—namely BRCA 1 and 2—account for only about 10% of breast cancers. The role played by biomarkers, such as estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptors, in the detection and management of patients with breast cancer. Human breast cancer is known to be dependent on sexual hormones for its growth, as it is derived from breast tissue that normally responds to endogenous hormones. Despite improvements in early detection and therapy, Breast Cancer remains one of the major burdens to healthcare systems and societies.
An Assessment of the Regulatory Framework for African Traditional Medicinal Practice in Nigeria
Authors: Osunyikanmi Pius
Published: October 2024

Traditional medicine (TM) by World Health Organization (WHO) is the totality of knowledge, skills, and practices based on theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance and preservation of health, whether physical or mental. African traditional medicine is the holistic healthcare system specializing on divination, spiritualism, and herbalism. In Nigeria, most indigenes rely on TM to meet their primary healthcare needs. WHO’s strategy for TM is to promote TM integration and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into the healthcare systems of countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to critically assess the regulatory framework for traditional medicinal practice in Nigeria. The research methodology was doctrinal approach, using expository and analytical research design. The main sources of data collection were literatures from physical library and e-library. This research found, among others, that there is need to have a working national framework for the safe practice of TM in Nigeria. Thus, this research recommended, among others, a distinct national framework for the practice of TM in Nigeria which will also establish a functioning regulatory institution in various states, thereby ensuring proper regulation and enlightenment in this milieu.
Social Services Provided to Patients Attending Primary Health Care Centers, Riyadh Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Shehri Faizah Shafi , Almutairi Fahad Nour , Alamry Sarah Mushref , Alsughayyir Ibrahim Saleh , Bayounis Boshra Omar , Alawwad Eman Ahmed , Alokeil Nawaf , Aljahni Mohamed Abdullah , Kofi Mostafa
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Social Services is an essential part of the PHC procedures. This work prescribes the diversity of services supplied to support quality in health care services at PHC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: The study comprised patients who got social services from the social services overflow unit at PHC in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Frequency distribution patient and par shard altered to describe the study population, and par shard produced to explain details of services provided.Results: The social services unit served 411 patients, with 60% married and 80% widowed, 17% illiterate, and 66% had a housing adaptation for the sick and his family. 46.22% average, family support 40.14% good, and connection with the surrounding environment 42.10%, Social Services' Health Status 51.6% chronic sickness and 49.% anxiety, 67% low income, treatment recommendations for social services. Financial aid was provided to 53.5% of patients, 68.6% for procedures, and 31% for other services such as guidance and support.Conclusion: The social service program in PHC is an essential component of primary health care services. It promotes quality improvement in healthcare services. Social services can improve the quality of health care services provided in primary health care. And the same time helping patients to get improved access to health care services through counseling and financial aid. Social services also have a role in improving the awareness of family members of patients' conditions and determinants. Social services in PHCs realize the social responsibility of primary health care services towards the families of patients in the community.
Review article about Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Taha Dalya Mahmood , Abdulqader Ahmed Thaer , Al-Khawaja Abbas Maan Hadi , Mousa Hayder Adeeb
Published: October 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body. MRI is a noninvasive way for a medical professional to examine the organs, tissues and skeletal system. It produces high-resolution images of the inside of the body that help diagnose a variety of conditions. Because MRI doesn’t use X-rays or other radiation, it’s the imaging test of choice when people will need frequent imaging for diagnosis or treatment monitoring, especially of their brain.
The Factors Influencing Supply Chain Performance in Tanzanian Public Procuring Entities: The Mediating Role of Supplier-Buyer Relationships
Authors: Shatta Deus N. , Mikwalo Mgisha A. , Mkasinyagaize Hamadi A.
Published: October 2024

Academia's current emphasis on supply chain performance highlights the significance of information sharing as a mediator and the supplier-buyer relationship as a moderator. Nevertheless, the examination into the intermediate effects of the supplier-buyer relationship has been relatively neglected. This research examined the factors affecting supply chain performance, emphasizing the mediating role of the supplier-buyer relationship to address the existing knowledge gap in the literature. The research included both descriptive and explanatory methodologies. The positivist research paradigm and stratified sampling method were employed to obtain a sample size of 167 respondents. The data were collected through a questionnaire and an analysis of relevant documents. The collected data was examined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, facilitated by SmartPLS 4, a tool for conducting inferential statistical analysis. The analyzed data on respondents' profiles underwent descriptive statistical analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26. The research findings indicate that supply chain performance is affected by information sharing, strategic procurement planning, and the relationship between suppliers and buyers. The statistical significance of strategic procurement planning and information sharing indicates that buyers and suppliers rely on these practices to improve supply chain performance. The results provide definitive evidence validating the accuracy of the proposed research model within the domain of decision-making, specifically regarding the prioritization of investments to improve supply chain performance.
Trend in the Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs) from 2019 to 2023 at the Blood Transfusion Service of the Buea Regional Hospital, Southwest Region, Cameroon
Authors: Iyah Rebecca Itoe , Njukeng Patrick , Tufon Kukwah Anthony , Sylvester Ndeso Atanga , Njie Nathalie , Ndip Roland
Published: October 2024

Background: Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) are of significant public health concern, as they can be transmitted through blood transfusions. Monitoring the trends and prevalence of TTIs is crucial for ensuring the safety of the blood supply and implementing effective preventive measures. This study aimed to analyzed the trend in seroprevalence of TTIs, including HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and syphilis (TPHA), among blood donors in the Buea Regional Hospital (BRH) from 2019 to 2023. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using data from the Buea Regional Hospital Blood Transfusion Service. The study population included all blood donors who donated blood from January 2019 to December 2023. Serological testing for TTIs was performed using standard diagnostic methods. The prevalence of each TTI was calculated for each year, and the trends were analyzed using statistical tests and expressed as frequency tables, Chi square, logistic regression. Significance was set at p=0.05. Results: A total of 11,256 donors were tested and 919 (8.12%) blood donors tested positive for at least one TTI agent during the study period. The overall positivity rates were 8.23%, 9.48%, 6.65%, 8.29%, and 8.24% for 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. The prevalence of individual TTIs showed significant variations, with TPHA being the most prevalent (2.96%), followed by HBV (2.58%), HCV (1.15%), and HIV (1.24%). Socio-demographic factors, such as gender, marital status, occupation, and age, were found to be significantly associated (p<0.001) with the odds of testing positive for a TTI. Conclusion: The trend in the prevalence of TTIs among blood donors in the Buea Health Area was characterized by fluctuations over the five-year period.
Progress in Researching the Ability of Geopolymer Concrete to Withstand a Penetration of Chloride Ions
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Adib , Fahim Al Yeasin , Gautam Sharma Narmata , Acharya Biplabi , Dip Noman Islam
Published: October 2024

Geopolymer concrete is an innovative environmentally friendly construction material, and the transportation of chloride ions plays a crucial role in determining its durability. This study provides a summary of the characteristics and limitations of the test techniques used to measure the resistance of geopolymer concrete to the permeability of chloride ions, based on the introduction of the chloride ion transport mechanism in geopolymer concrete. This text provides an overview of the features and constraints of the test techniques used to assess the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. It also explores the connections between the mechanism of chloride ion transport and the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. This paper provides a concise overview of the properties and constraints of the test methods used to measure the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. It also discusses the factors that can affect the chloride ion permeability resistance of geopolymer concrete and presents a comparison between different methods. The article continues by highlighting that the chloride transport model of geopolymer concrete is complex. The essay continues by highlighting the chloride transport model of geopolymer concrete, specifically focusing on the impact of individual parameters such as high temperature, freezing-thaw cycles, and the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. The study investigates the impact of freeze-thaw cycles, alkali admixture, and water glass modulus on the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride penetration. The infiltration of chloride, as well as the precision of determining the concentration border of chloride ions for colour rendering, require further in-depth investigation.
Fluid Mechanics, and Its Quantum Developments and Applications
Authors: Chang Yi-Fang
Published: October 2024

Based on the known theories of fluid mechanics, we research the new quantum fluid mechanics by operator method. Further, we discuss its various developments combined the extensive quantum theory and other theories. Finally, we search possible applications in some aspects: in biology many systems are fluids; in astronomy binary stars, the density wave theory and evolutionary direction on spiral galaxies, and sunspot are researched; in geosciences earthquake, formation of basin and hydrocarbon layer are proposed; in social sciences the social hydrodynamics and corresponding waves and tides, the social synergetics, corruption, etc., are discussed.
Intelligent Transition Mechanisms in 5G DSA: A Logistic Regression Approach to Reuse Factor Adaptation
Authors: Omijeh B. O. , Aji J.O.
Published: October 2024

This research work use Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA) embedded in 5G technology and logistic regression as Machine learning tool to alter the reuse factor of assigned telecommunication frequency to a more robust and reliable frequency. The switch from a frequency reuse of 3 (FR3) to a frequency reuse of 7 (FR7) was considered. Historical data generated from a Telecommunications Company in Nigeria was utilised. This data consist of User throughput and the number of user equipment to assess traffic load and congestion from user equipment (UE).The ideal was meant to determine the probability at which a switch or transition between reuse factors will occur. With a resolution threshold of 50 users which was set to commence the shift from reuse factor of 3 when the number of users have reached its threshold of 50 to reuse factor of 7 when the number of users exceeds 50 and above. The objective of this combination is to increase spectrum utilisation efficiency and network flexibility, by optimising spectrum resources in densely populated urban areas. This study explains the mechanisms and also demonstrate how logistic regression with DSA will enhance network capacity of wireless communication systems. The logistic regression model proved effective in making intelligent decisions regarding the transition from reuse factor 3 to reuse factor 7 as it was able to accommodate up to 79 users as against the threshold value of 50 users when running under the reuse factor of 3. With a high accuracy of 91.9% and balanced precision-recall values, it showcased its ability to optimize spectral efficiency.
What if we never find dark matter?
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: October 2024

Some people have asked me to comment on the

Scientific American

article

What if We Never Find Dark Matter?

by Slatyer & Tait. For the most part, I find it unobjectionable – from a certain point of view.
The factorial structure of sports interest in adolescents
Authors: Ivanović Miroljub , Ivanović Uglješa
Published: October 2024

The aim of this empirical study was to examine the latent structures of adolescents' interest in sports. The pertinent sample included (N = 144) male high school seniors from Valjevo, of average age 18.05 ± 1.82. The adapted version of the PS2 Questionnaire about Interests in Sports (Prot and Bosnar, 1999) was applied in this transversal research. The maximum mean value of the scores on the PS-2 questionnaire was noted in the preference for auto and motorcycle racing (M = 3.72), and the minimum one in gymnastics (M =1.10). Five main components were extracted by analyzing the main components (PCA) based on the Guttman-Kaiser criterion, with 6.91% of the total variance explained. The extracted five-factor structure of the latent dimensions was interpreted as: outdoor sports, combat sports and martial arts, fundamental and artistic sports, ball and racket sports, and precision sports. The linear correlations of the isolated common factors are statistically significant (p ≤ 0,05), move in positive direction and are of low or moderate intensity, and that shows that the isolated latent variables are not independent, but that there is a relevant overlap between them. The preference of sports interests in the five-factor structure of adolescents is oriented towards "male" and partly towards "neutral" sports which points to the relevance of gender stereotypes in sports. This study also deals with the practical implications of the relevance of the isolated five-factor structure of sports interest in adolescents. This transversal research contributes to the existing literature and empirical data on this rarely examined phenomenon in Serbian sports population.
The efficiency evaluation of taekwondo coaches
Authors: Njegovan Jovana
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research3 was to explore the level of agreement between athletes and taekwondo coaches regarding their efficiency, as well as to investigate the deeper meaning behind coaches' responses regarding their preparation methods for regular training sessions and collaboration with other coaches. The research sample included ten coaches from the Taekwondo Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 265 taekwondo athletes. A quantitative-qualitative research approach was employed. In the quantitative part, research instruments such as a questionnaire for coaches and a five-point Likert scale were used for the assessment and self-assessment of taekwondo coaches' professionalism, along with an interview protocol for coaches. The qualitative part of the research utilized in-depth interview techniques. In line with specific research questions and qualitative coding methods, two areas and four categories with corresponding dimensions of taekwondo coaches' efficiency were identified in the final version of the codebook. The analysis of the obtained results suggests a positive assessment and self-assessment of taekwondo coaches' efficiency, with no significant difference between athletes' assessments and coaches' self-assessments of the given factor. In the qualitative part of the research, insights from coaches' responses revealed that the majority of coaches are efficient and dedicated in their coaching endeavours.
Assessment of stride length and frequency at different running speeds for men and women
Authors: Ilić Nađa , Hadži-Pavlović Đorđe , Ilić Nebojša
Published: October 2024

Success in running depends on numerous factors, with two of the most important being stride length and stride frequency. The first goal of this study is to assess the differences in stride length and stride frequency between men and women at different running speeds. The second goal is to examine the correlation between the morphological characteristics of men and women with stride length and stride frequency. This study involved two groups of 37 recreational runners (22 men and 15 women). The participants ran on a treadmill, wearing two portable Prosense accelerometers on each ankle. The protocol included 10 minutes of running, consisting of 3 minutes of warming up at 8 km/h, one minute of running at 8, 10, 12, and 14 km/h (used for further analyses), and 3 minutes of running at 8 km/h. The main variables used were stride length and stride frequency. The results showed that women had a higher stride frequency than men at almost all running speeds (p < 0.05), but there was no difference in stride length between men and women. Additionally, men showed strong and statistically significant negative correlations between height and stride frequency (r >-0.59<-0.66), as well as low to moderate positive correlations between height and stride length (r >0.17<0.46). Among women, low to moderate negative correlations between height and stride frequency (r >-0.28<-0.43) were found, along with low to moderate positive correlations between height and stride length (r >0.34<0.52). The results of the study, as well as the modern technology used in this paper, would significantly improve the training process for recreational runners.
The Apple Case: The Right Decision for the Wrong Reasons?
Authors: Garavan C.
Published: October 2024

This article examines the recent decision of the CJEU in Commission v. Ireland and Others (Case C-465/20 P) (Apple) and argues that, in the decision, the Court breached its own recent, and indeed subsequent, jurisprudence. It ignored what the General Court had actually determined, thus permitting the Commission to apply the arm’s length principle in a way that essentially overruled the provisions of Irish law. The article further argues that the CJEU did so on very narrow, technical, and legally dubious grounds, and that although this allowed it to reach what it may have felt was the right decision, it was for the wrong reasons.
Torque Detection Using EMG Signals for Different Walking Speed of a Person
Authors: Cherian Sumesh Joe , R Arun Kumar
Published: October 2024

This paper analyses the different walking speed of a person for torque detection by using the Electromyography (EMG) signals. EMG measures electrical activity and the muscle response to a nerve stimulation. The reduced ability to move due to variation in tendon structured muscle in lower limb joints of legs affects the overall activity of the human lifecycle. This defect makes it difficult to move causing severe pain resulting in disability. In order to overcome this problem, exoskeleton technology is implemented where Electromyography (EMG) signals are collected from electric impulse generated during the muscle movements. From these electric impulses, the torque present in EMG signals are detected and classified accordingly. The first step consists of pre processing EMG signals using Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter. Secondly features are extracted from pre processed signals by using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) methods and classified using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) classifier. From this classification, the rotational movement of muscles named torque in processed EMG signal is detected. Form detected torque, the normal muscle system and problematic muscle system are differentiated
Artificial Intelligence with Metaheuristic Algorithm Based Optimization for a Hybrid Energy Storage System
Authors: T Senthilkumar , T Jayasankar , P Vijayarajan
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an optimization framework for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) integrating photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The PV system voltage is stepped up using a Cuk converter, controlled by a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller to enhance dynamic performance and ensure maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based WECS is interfaced through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifier regulated by a Proportional Integral (PI) controller, maintaining stable and efficient power conversion. Both converter outputs converge at a common DC link, whose voltage is subsequently applied to a single phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). This VSI is connected to the grid through an LC filter, ensuring smooth power delivery with minimal harmonics. The proposed system combines AI and metaheuristic algorithms for optimized control, enhancing overall efficiency, reliability and stability of the renewable energy integration into the grid. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PSO ANN and PI control strategies in managing the dynamic interactions and power quality of the hybrid system. The proposed hybrid controller shows 92.47% tracking efficiency and the proposed converter shows 89.6% efficiency.
Implementation of Deep Learning Technique for Accurate Land Cover Classification
Authors: R Tamilamuthan
Published: October 2024

Detecting and modelling Land Cover are crucial for managing natural resources, assessing environmental impacts, and preserving ecological connectivity. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become pivotal in advancing remote sensing applications, particularly in land cover classification. Therefore, this study introduces a CNN classifier for the prediction land cover efficiently. The pre processing is carried out based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA), which reduces the dimensionality of the input data while retaining essential information. This step aims to enhance computational efficiency and improve the CNN’s ability to extract relevant features during training. Following pre processing, a comprehensive training phase involves optimizing the CNN architecture using a labelled dataset. This process allows the network to learn intricate spatial patterns and spectral characteristics crucial for accurate land cover classification. Evaluation of the trained model occurs in the testing phase, where performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score are computed using an independent validation dataset. Results obtained from the python software demonstrate that the CNN PCA framework’s capability to achieve high classification accuracy across diverse land cover types.