bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Cultivated Land Utilization in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Yuejie Xiao , Honga Tang
Published: July 2018

Based on the data of economic, social and ecological benefits of cultivated land in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2014, this paper applies multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model and ArcGIS spatial analysis method to explore the dynamic change and regional difference of the cultivated land use efficiency of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. The results showed that the overall efficiency index of cultivated land utilization in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, except the economic benefit index, is rising steadily year by year. Among them, the fluctuation of ecological benefit is the most significant, and in 2010 and 2013, there appeared obvious trough. The utilization efficiency of cultivated land in different cities is relatively large, and in terms of distribution pattern, northwest is high, southeast low. The farmland utilization comprehensive efficiency high value district is Ziyang city, Chengdu city and Meishan city. In the future, the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration should pay more attention to the improvement of agro-ecological environment, control the application of pesticides and fertilizers, and promote the coordinated development of the economic, social and ecological benefits of cultivated land.
Research Status on the Collapse Mechanism and Prevention Measures of Mega Composite Structural Systems
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: July 2018

Mega composite structural system presents wide application prospects in high-rise and super high-rise buildings. However, research concerning the important issues of the seismic behavior, collapse mechanism, and prevention from progressive collapse for such new structural systems under severe earthquakes is quite limited. This paper will summarize the current research status, followed by the discussions on the collapse and prevention mechanisms of high-rise and super high-rise mega composite structural systems under severe earthquakes, the theoretical basis on progressive collapse mechanisms, numerical simulation techniques, and test methods. The failure modes of high-rise mega composite structures were studied firstly, followed by the collapse mechanisms and the associated criteria and indices. In addition, a new numerical technique for simulating the non-linear structural collapses considering large deformations will be presented, along with the relevant test results. This study shows that analysis method, damage accumulation model, failure criteria, appropriate preventive measures, and improved collapse experimental verification methods are all important seismic design considerations for high-rise and super high-rise mega composite structures. Based on the study results, recommendations for collapse and prevention mechanisms of high-rise buildings are proposed.
Earthquake response analysis of soil-rock slope based on distribution of rocks
Authors: Xianwen Huang , Shunqing Liu , Xiaolan Sui , Yuan Hu
Published: July 2018

Soil-rock slope is a structure of slopes distributing widely in the world, but the calculation model of its stability is always set as uniform soil model under the influence of earthquake, and the effect of rock distribution on the slope can’t be considered comprehensively. Therefore, based on the method of finite element non-linear time-procedure, this paper analyses the acceleration response of slopes under the influence of earthquake with different rock distribution. Results show that the distribution of rocks have great influence on the accelerated response characteristic, and the main findings are as follows: (a) the accelerated time-history curve can filter the high frequency waves; (b) the free-surface has amplifying effect on seismic waves; (c) the acceleration response curves have different degrees of “biased”. Through above analysis, it’s expected to provide some reference for the stability analysis of soil-rock slope and reinforcement scheme under the influence of earthquake.
Research on the Applicability of Low-tech Bamboo Architecture in New Rural Construction
Authors: Xinping Yuan , Chenhao Ji , Xueying Wang , Zilong Luo , Yucheng Jin
Published: July 2018

Bamboo resources are abundant in China, and low-tech bamboo structures are used to maximize the sustainable development of new rural construction. This paper will deeply explore, study and analyze the issue of low-tech bamboo construction, then further analyze its applicability in new rural construction, and ultimately find a feasible plan about bamboo construction, so as to take effective measures to combine new rural construction and green science and technology.
Source and fate of plumbum in marine bay
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Lin Dong , Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Qi , Li Haixia
Published: July 2018

Many marine bays bave been polluted by Plumbum (Pb) due to the rapid development of industry and the swift increasing of economic, and therefore understanding the source and fate of Pb is essential to environmental remediation in marine bays. This paper analyzed the source and fate of Pb in Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province, eastern China in 1989. Results showed that Pb contents in surface waters in April, July and October 1989 were 5.56-12.59 μg L-1, 1.73-15.17 μg L-1 and 0.50-11.57 μg L-1, and the pollution levels were heavy, moderate and slight/moderate, respectively. The major sources of Pb in this bay were atmosphere deposition, overland runoff and river discharge, and their source strengths were 15.17 μg L-1, 12.59 μg L-1 and 11.57-12.06 μg L-1, respectively. The three source input processes were defined that the longer migration processes, the larger loss of substance’s contents. Furthermore, fate of Pb from source to sink was also defined. These migration processes were demonstrated by two block diagrams, which were helpful to better understand the source and fate of Pb in marine bay.
The Overview and Tendency of Corporate Environmental Responsibility in the Construction Industry of China
Authors: Jiang Ying , Xue Xiaolong
Published: July 2018

Although the research on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) has attached increasing attention in recent years, the definition and measurement of CSR in the construction industry are still not sufficient. This paper reviewed previous literatures on the definition and measurement of CSR. Then, the study defined and constructed the index of corporate social responsibility in the construction industry based on the classic theory of triple bottom line and stakeholder theory. At last, the study put forward the further research of CSR in the construction industry of China.
Research on the Improvement of Shared Massage Chair Based on User Journey Mapi
Authors: Qian JI , Jiayu ZHENG , Yu ZHANG
Published: July 2018

In this paper, the User journey map is an oriented graph to visualize the user's interaction with products and services. It helps designers to understand the user's feelings, thoughts, and behaviours at a specific time and look for the pain and opportunity points. The rapid development of shared massage chairs in recent years has been chosen as a typical case among a large number of shared products in this paper. According to the earlier survey, we noticed that users always had poor experience when use them. The user journey map has been used as a tool to analyze the experience of using a shared massage chair based on the observation and investigation of users in order to proposes new directions for its improvement.
Analysis of Direction on Product Design in the Era of the Internet of Things
Authors: Tian Baozhen , Yu Suihuai , Chu Jianjie , Li Wenhua
Published: July 2018

Internet of things (IoT) as a new revolution in science and technology will bring new vitality to the design. IoT has become the third revolution of the world industry information development after the world experienced the computer and the Internet. With the development of industry information, IoT as Internet service and applications expand through intellisense, identification technology, pervasive computing and ubiquitous network convergence applications. IoT era is the era of intelligent products. This article elaborates on the aspects of design content, design objects, design procedures and methods, means of obtaining design requirements, design tools, and changes in design direction. In the era of IoT, industry designers should focus on the interaction between humans and smart products and the interaction between smart products.
Design optimization method of line-of-sight with JACK for bulldozer operator
Authors: Mei-ni GUO
Published: July 2018

The objective of this article is to investigate the line-of-sight (LOS) and visual areas in order to provide a lower risk of accident and a best available view for the operator of industry machine. This paper presented a method of simulating an bulldozer operation in a virtual environment for the sake of analyzing LOS of the operator during conditions of load and unload respectively. Coverage zone tool in the JACK software was utilized to calculate the percentage of visible zones from the virtual operator’s position. At the same time, the modification of design with additional cameras was proposed based on the results of LOS analysis, which significantly improved compared with original design. The results of this study proved that the modifications (with visual monitoring system) could improve visibility of bulldozer operators to some extent according to the optimization method.
Research on the practical cross-curriculum system of product design specialty from the perspective of new engineering
Authors: Li WANG , Hai-chao ZHANG
Published: July 2018

The traditional economy has transformed into a new economy led by innovation and entrepreneurship, deepened the reform of engineering education and pushed forward the development of "new engineering" as a trend. In the face of "new economy" and "neo-engineering", the applied field of design science is rapidly rising and widening, and the paradigm of design science, teaching idea, intension and talent training mode should be changed. Carrying out the study of the practical cross curriculum system of the major of products design from the perspective of "new engineering", it is mainly discussed from the aspects of curriculum reform, innovation and entrepreneurship education, and directional personnel training between schools and enterprises.
The design and research of the shared kitchen system in the hospital
Authors: Xin YE , Qian JI
Published: July 2018

The shared economy has been developing rapidly with low cost, low consumption and high environmental efficiency features under the background of internet waves. The shared economy model has emerged in housing, catering, and travel. As people look forward to high quality of life and their social interaction need, the shared kitchen platform arises at the right moment. This paper takes the shared kitchen as an example, focusing on the patients and their caregivers, the existing shared kitchens and its service platform as well as the space system design and human-computer interaction of the shared kitchen have been investigated and analysized. Taking the "high efficiency, the intelligence and the humanization" as the design principles, we are committed to exploring new directions for modular kitchen design under the background of shared economy.
Regional Load Balancing Circuitous Bandwidth Allocation Method Based on Dynamic Auction Mechanism
Authors: Chao Wang , Dalong Zhang , Xiaomin Ran
Published: July 2018

Aiming at the problem of link congestion caused by the shortage of network bandwidth resources at the user end, this paper first proposes a regional load balancing idea. Then, for the problem of bandwidth resource allocation in regional load balancing, a bandwidth allocation model is established and a dynamic auction algorithm is proposed. The algorithm calculates the link quality and stability by constructing a link model, and introduces the auction bandwidth to the auctioneer's incentive degree to obtain the auction bidding function. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the user's network status, reduce the service response delay, increase the throughput, and at the same time can effectively prevent the auction user's false bidding behavior, so that the auction quote quickly converges to the maximum quote, reduces the number of auctions, and reduces Communication overhead.
DDoS Attack Detection Based on Self-organizing Mapping Network in Software Defined Networking
Authors: Zhao Chanchan , Liu Feng
Published: July 2018

The software defined networking is a new kind of network architecture, the programmability of SDN enables hackers to easily launch DDoS attack on the network through software programming. To solve the problem, a DDoS attack detection scheme based on self-organizing mapping network in the software defined networking was proposed. The first is to give an early warning according to the probability of occurrence of Packet_In event. If the threshold value is exceeded, the characteristics of the flow are calculated and the self-organizing mapping network is used for clustering of eigenvalues to finally detect the DDoS attack flow. The experimental results showed that the DDoS attack detection scheme based on self-organizing mapping network was superior to the comparison scheme in detection rate and false alarm rate.
A Novel Algorithm For Radar Target Feature Extraction
Authors: Limin Shen
Published: July 2018

Due to the aspect sensitivity of High Resolution Range Profile (HRRP), traditional radar target recognition methods usually use average HRRP within some aspect region. Actually, the amplitude fluctuation property of HRRPs also represents some feature information of target.According to the scattering center model, a new feature extraction method using the amplitude fluctuation property of HRRPs is proposed in this paper. The new algorithm mainly extracts the features of the effective distance unit according to the distribution of the target scattering points to improve the recognition efficiency.The experimental results based on the SVM classifier show that the novel feature extraction method can improve recognition performances greatly .
Understanding of the Coherent Demodulation with Phase-Locked Loop
Authors: Zhai Bingcong
Published: July 2018

The phase-locked loop (PLL) technology is a very important technology in the communication field. With the development of electronic technology toward digitalization, the phase-locked processing of signal needs to be realized in digital way. Therefore, more and more attentions have been paid to the research and application of all digital phase-locked loops. This paper serves as an introduction about the basic background of PLL, the basic characteristics and structure of PLL, and the basic principles of modulation and demodulation. It provides a concise application about the basic principle and main design process of modulation and demodulation of FSK signal, which are realized by using phase-locked loop chip NE564.
An improved method of microscopic image segmentation
Authors: Feng Shou Zhang , Fang Dong , Jian Ting Liu , Xin Meng
Published: July 2018

In order to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of image processing in modern medical inspection, a segmentation image optimization algorithm of improved two-dimensional maximum entropy threshold based on genetic algorithm combined with mathematical morphology is proposed, in view of the microscopic cell images characteristic and the shortcomings of the traditional segmentation algorithm. Through theoretical analysis and contrast test, the segmentation method proposed is superior to the traditional threshold segmentation method in microscopic cell images, and the average segmentation time of the improved algorithm is 73% and 44% higher than the traditional two-dimensional maximum entropy threshold and the improved two-dimensional maximum entropy threshold.
Research on industrial design technology innovation -- a case study of ceramic glaze
Authors: Haiyong Shen , Yanyan Dai , Jun Li
Published: July 2018

Taking the technology innovation of ceramic glaze as an example, the innovation of the industrial design technology was analyzed. The way of combining industrial design ideas and design thinking way was put forward. The theoretical connotation of industrial design was broadened. To break with the original industrial design way of thinking, and combined with the practical development of Chinese industrial design, the advanced theory of industrial design was collected, in order to provide constructive suggestions for the theoretical development of industrial design and industrial design education in the future.
Research on innovative application of silver material in modern jewelry design
Authors: Yu Qinqin , Meng Kaining , Guo Juanling
Published: July 2018

Based on the understanding of are used, the jewelry material, the method of modeling semantics is applied to know more about the application of traditional materials and modern materials in the jewelry design. The related design principle of the innovative combination of the silver material, traditional material and modern material in the jewelry design was analyzed, and the status quo of the modern silver jewelry design was solved, which is monotonous in the combination materials, old-fashioned in pattern and conservative in the creation style. Hence, the innovative application of materials, innovative expression of patterns, and the creation style that integrates culture and art was realized. The development trend of silver jewelry design was explored, which can provide more direction for the development of silver jewelry in the future.
Analysis and Apocalypse of Japanese Style Creation Aesthetics
Authors: Xin-qin Peng
Published: July 2018

Japanese style design has a good reputation in the world design community. Its elegant details, metaphorical techniques, quiet and tranquil aesthetic style, and the simplest form of the natural true design concept are praised by the world. The analysis of its aesthetic characteristics can be of great inspiration to the reference and modern construction of Chinese product aesthetics.
On the Reconstruction of Advertising Ethics in the New Media Era
Authors: Ming XU , Jiao Xu
Published: July 2018

The advent of the “new media era” has greatly promoted the reform and development of the advertising industry, while it has also made the entire advertising industry field face some new difficulties. Among them, the loss of advertising ethics is one of the core issues to be solved urgently. In the process of the development of new media advertising, there are endless ethical anomie phenomena. Therefore, how to propose countermeasures against problems and propose strategies for reconstructing advertising ethics from the above aspects in the new media era is a theoretical category that this article focuses on.
An Empirical Study on Financing Preference of Listed Military Industry Enterprises in China
Authors: Chen Li-Na , Lei Ying
Published: July 2018

Financing is an important part in the development of military enterprises, and it plays an important role in the development of military enterprises. By using empirical analysis method, 22 companies are selected as samples. The factor analysis and multivariate linear regression method are used to quantitatively analyze the internal factors of the company. These internal factors affect the financing preference of listed companies in China’s military industry. Then conclusions are drawn and relevant suggestions are put forward.
Design and Implementation of Service and Management System of Agricultural Technicians
Authors: Lu Yang , Wang Furong , Luo Changshou , Yu Weishui , Yu Jun
Published: July 2018

This paper proposes a design idea of service and management system of agricultural technicians, which includes the design of management system, logical structure, service flow and management module. It introduced “DiDi Agrotechnique” product which developed based on this design idea. The “DiDi Agrotechnique” product includes two parts: One is mobile phone APP which realized one-button Q&A operation on agricultural technical consultation, the other is back-end management system, which realized management of agricultural service process and automatic statistics of service data. This product has great significance for integrating agricultural technicians, providing O2O agricultural technical services, and improving management efficiency, which has the practical value for extensive use.
Dietary arachidonic acid: a Janus face actor in brain and Alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Pinchaud Katleen , Maguin-Gaté Katy , Olivier Jean-Luc
Published: July 2018

Arachidonic acid is the second polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain and the first one belonging to the ω-6 series. Dietary intakes of arachidonic are between 50 and 300 mg/day in western diets but they might be underestimated. Triglycerides from fat would provide similar amounts than phospholipids of lean meat. Alzheimer’s disease is an age-associated degenerative disease and a critical health concern worldwide. Amyloid-β peptide oligomers are presently recognized as the main and earliest agents of Alzheimer’s disease although their neurotoxicity requires the presence of tau protein. We and others established that the arachidonic-specific cytosolic phospholipase A2is critical for the amyloid-β peptide oligomer neurotoxicity. Then, we showed that an arachidonic acid-rich diet increases the mouse sensitivity to the amyloid-β peptide oligomer deleterious effect without major increase of arachidonic acid levels in brain. This suggests that dietary arachidonic acid can exert its effects in brain through peripheral modifications. Involvement of systemic sub-inflammation and gut-brain communications are discussed based on the recent literature. The various data suggest that dietary arachidonic acid should be taken into account in the design of preventive strategies against Alzheimer’s disease.
Effects of Concomitant Administration of a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Showing Relatively Good Glycemic Control Under Treatment with a Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor
Authors: Kusunoki Masataka , Natsume Yukie , Miyata Tetsuro , Tsutsumi Kazuhiko , Oshida Yoshiharu
Published: July 2018

We conducted this study to determine whether additional administration of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor might provide further improvement of the glycemic control in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients showing relatively good glycemic control under treatment with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Five SGLT2 inhibitor (luseogliflozin, dapagliflozin, tofogliflozin, empagliflozin and canagliflozin) preparations and five DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, anagliptin and linagliptin) preparations were used. The results showed that monotherapy with SGLT2 inhibitor produced significant decreases of the body weight and BMI, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) also decreased, but not to a significant extent. However, decreases of the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GTP) and uric acid were observed in this group. On the other hand, in type 2 diabetes patients treated concomitantly with a DPP-4 inhibitor and SGLT2 inhibitor, significant decrease of the HbA1c was observed, indicating the favorable effect of the concomitant therapy. The body weight and BMI decreased. As for the serum lipid profile, elevation of the serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed. Furthermore, AST, ALT, γ-GTP and uric acid decreased in the combined treatment group. Then, the therapeutic responses to concurrent administration with SGLT2 inhibitor of each of the 5 individual DPP-4 inhibitors used in this study were analyzed. The results showed that concomitant administration of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, with the SGLT2 inhibitor yielded the best results in terms of the lowering of the HbA1c and improvement of the serum lipid profile.
Lawinenmedizin kompakt – authentisch – lehrreich
Authors: Stuhr Markus
Published: July 2018

Dieser Lehrgang ist jedem, der sich intensiver mit den Themen „Akzidentelle Hypothermie und Lawinenmedizin“ befassen möchte, uneingeschränkt zu empfehlen. Die langjährige Erfahrung aller Beteiligten in den Bergen der Welt und damit auch in den Themen „Akzidentelle Hypothermie und Lawinenmedizin“ ist spürbar und tragendes Element in diesen 4 Tagen. Und auch wenn das Thema grundsätzlich ernst ist – der Spaßfaktor war sehr hoch und hat die mit Programm prall gefüllten Tage kurzweilig gemacht. Es soll Kolleginnen und Kollegen geben, die den Kurs bereits mehrmals mitgemacht haben – sehr nachvollziehbar.
Notärztliche Strategie beim Hängetrauma
Authors: Lechner Raimund , Staps Enrico , Brugger Hermann , Rauch Simon
Published: July 2018

Das Hängetrauma beschreibt eine durch bewegungsloses, annähernd vertikales freies Hängen in einem Anseilgurt induzierte Kreislaufdepression mit möglicher Todesfolge. Hauptsächlich betroffene Personengruppen sind somit Kletterer, Bergsteiger und seilgesicherte Arbeiter. Die zügige Rettung des Patienten unter Beachtung des Eigenschutzes ist von herausragender Bedeutung. Die Akutbehandlung nach einem Hängetrauma folgt dem Standard-ABCDE-Algorithmus mit initialer Flachlagerung.
Neuro-Endocrine Recovery After Pituitary Apoplexy: Prolactin as a Predictive Factor
Authors: Lammert Alexander , Walter Marc Sebastian , Giordano Frank Anton , Al Zhgloul Mansour , Krämer Bernhard Karl , Nittka Stefanie , Schulte Dirk Michael , Ratliff Miriam , Hänggi Daniel , Seiz-Rosenhagen Marcel
Published: July 2018

Objective Pituitary apoplexy is a serious medical complication of a pre-existing pituitary adenoma characterized by a variety of clinical symptoms ranging from mild headache to neurologically impaired and finally comatose patients. Management options are surgery or conservative treatment (e. g., with dexamethasone). Surgery is commonly performed in case of severe acute neurological and visual symptoms. However, prospective studies demonstrating a benefit of surgery over conservative treatment in terms of visual, neurological and even endocrine outcomes are lacking. Decision making is still controversial, and recommendations for surgery are based on low evidence grades and focus on visual impairment. Endocrine function and especially markers identifying patients with potential for pituitary recovery after surgery are not well described in the literature.

Patients and Design We analysed data from 24 patients (m:f/16:8) with a median age of 64 yrs (38 to 83yrs) that underwent surgery for pituitary apoplexy regardless of time from symptom onset. Apoplexies were necrotic in 14 cases and haemorrhagic in 10 cases.

Results Preoperatively, 7 patients (29.2%) showed complete anterior pituitary insufficiency, 16 patients (66.6%) had partial anterior pituitary insufficiency and one patient (4.17%) had normal pituitary functions. Persistent panhypopituitarism was found in 7 patients (29.2%), whereas an overall improvement of pituitary function was noted in 13 (57.1%) patients. Preoperative prolactin (PRL) levels were significantly associated with recovery of endocrine functions, whereas specifically all patients with preoperative PRL levels of at least 8.8 ng/ml recovered partially or fully. Time to surgery (0–7 days vs. 1–4 weeks vs.>4 weeks) was not significantly associated with outcome.

Conclusions Our data emphasize that normal and high preoperative PRL levels are associated with better endocrine outcome after surgery. We conclude that patients benefit from surgical intervention even after delayed diagnosis with the serum PRL levels is being a valid biomarker for clinical decision making.
Effects of Gemfibrozil on Lipids and Haemostasis after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Andersen P , Smith P , Seljeflot I , Brataker S , Arnesen H
Published: July 2018

The effects of gemfibrozil on haemostatic variables were studied in 43 survivors of myocardial infarction with serum triglycerides (TG) ≥2 mmol/1 2 weeks prior to randomization. The study was double-blind, placebo-controlled and stratified for chronic betablockade. Twenty-two individuals were given gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily and 21 individuals received matching placebo. After 8 weeks the TG level was unchanged in the placebo group, whereas a 44% reduction was noted in the gemfibrozil group (p <0.0001). Fibrinogen increased in both groups, while bleeding time and platelet count were unchanged. Clotting factor VH-phospholipid complex decreased in both groups, but the change was more marked and attained statistical significance only in the gemfibrozil group (60% reduction, p <0.01). By DDAVP-stimulated D-Dimer agglutination test 8 in 21 patients in the placebo group (38%) still had reduced fibrinolytic capacity versus none in the gemfibrozil group (p = 0.001). Thus, in this study, gemfibrozil improved reduced fibrinolytic capacity and may have reduced hypercoagulability by lowering the clotting factor VH-phospholipid complex.
Pharmacological Profile of the Chemically Synthesized Antithrombin III Binding Fragment of Heparin (Pentasaccharide) in Rats
Authors: Hobbelen Paul M J , Dinther Theo G van , Vogel Gerard M T , Boeckel Constant A A van , Moelker Huib C T , Meuleman Dick G
Published: July 2018

The antithrombotic and haemostatic effects of a pentasaccharide, the chemically synthesized antithrombin III (AT-III) binding fragment of heparin (PENTA), were investigated in rats in comparison with heparin. PENTA showed a dose-dependent antithrombotic effect in three thrombosis models in which thrombus formation was induced by different triggers. PENTA was consistently less potent than heparin in these models if doses were expressed in anti-Xa U/kg but PENTA showed more or less the same potency as heparin if doses were expressed in mg/kg. The antithrombotic effect of PENTA was strongly related to its anti-Xa activity as judged from its antithrombotic potency in the various models and from the time courses of both activities. PENTA caused a dose-dependent increase in blood loss in a bleeding model but the dose response curve was rather flat; the effect of PENTA on blood loss was small compared to that of heparin. The duration of action of PENTA as measured by the plasma anti-Xa levels was long compared to that of heparin and
the duration of the antithrombotic effect was that expected on the basis of the plasma anti-Xa levels.

Finally, PENTA showed comparable antithrombotic activity after s.c. and i.v. administration, as expected because of the approximately 100% bioavailability of the anti-Xa activity after s.c. administration.
Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency
Authors: Johnson E J , Prentice C R M , Parapia L A
Published: July 2018

Antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.
Different Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in the Arm and Leg during Venous Occlusion Is Equalized after DDAVP Infusion
Authors: Keber Dušan , Stegnar Mojca , Kluft Cornelis
Published: July 2018

The mechanism of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release during arm and leg venous occlusions and DDAVP (1 desamino- 8-D-arginine vasopressin) infusion was studied in 10 healthy males. The following determinations were carried out on venous blood: t-PA antigen (ELISA), t-PA activity, and t-PA inhibitor (PAI) activity (amidolytic assays). Before DDAVP, there was a 270% t-PA antigen increase in the arm at the end of occlusion as opposed to only a 40% increase in the leg. After DDAVP, t-PA antigen at the end of arm and leg occlusion reached an equal level which was significantly higher than in the arm before DDAVP. The study produced no evidence of PAI release during venous occlusion of a limb. It is concluded that DDAVP is able to elicit t-PA release from arm as well as from leg vessels. The poor fibrinolytic response of leg vessels to venous occlusion is not due to a high PAT release or t-PA stores depletion in leg vessels, but rather to low basal t-PA release in leg vessels.
Analysis of Platelet Cytoskeleton Assembly during Platelet Activation in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Thrombasthenia
Authors: Fujimura Kingo , Fujimoto Tetsuro , Takemoto Motoyoshi , Oda Kenji , Shimomura Takeshi , Maehama Shuji , kuramoto Atusushi
Published: July 2018

Time course change of the platelet cytoskeletal protein component in the Triton X-100 insoluble fraction after stimulation was analyzed in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and thrombasthenia.

In Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a 31 kDa protein, myosin, actin, and a 100 kDa protein assembled as in the normal platelets at the shape change and release reaction phases after ADP or collagen stimulation, suggesting that, the deficient dense granule content do not lead to an abnormal platelet cytoskeletal protein assembly. In thrombasthenia (Type I), myosin increased at the shape change and release reaction phases as it does in normal platelets, but actin and the 100 kDa protein increased only at the initial activation phase, and then subsequently decreased to the level of the resting phase. The actin-binding protein (ABP) and the 31 kDa protein increased a little following stimulation. Similar cytoskeletal protein change after stimulation were found in normal platelets which were prevented from the aggregation process by chelating the external Ca2+ or by using synthetic decapeptide of fibrinogen γ-chain of carboxyl terminus. The decreased platelet cytoskeletal protein assembly in thrombasthenia or in platelets stimulated without aggregation, was derived from a loss of the platelet aggregation process due to the defect of GP Ilb-IIIa complex or an interaction failure between GP IIb-IIIa complex and fibrinogen. The interaction between platelets and either fibrinogen or fibrin can induce a more stable platelet cytoskeletal protein assembly, however, agonistic stimulation without these interactions cannot do it directly.
The Impact of Sequential Quality Assessment Exercises on Laboratory Performance: The Multicentre ECAT Angina Pectoris
Authors: Thompson S G , Calori G , Thomson J M , Haverkate F , Duckert F
Published: July 2018

As an adjunct to a European multicentre prospective study, five quality assessment (QA) exercises, spanning a period of 2.5 years, were undertaken. In these, fifteen laboratories from eight countries each performed ten haemostatic factor assays. The design of the QA exercises allowed the between-dupli cate, between-day and between-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) to be calculated. The between-duplicate CV decreased by a factor of one quarter, and the between-day CV by a factor of one third, over the five exercises. The activated-partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay consistently showed the lowest CVs, while there was notable improvement in the between-day CVs for von Willebrand factor related antigen (vWF R: Ag) and factor VIII clotting activity (VIII:C), However, the between-laboratory CV assessing extent of agreement between the different laboratories, did not apparently improve over the five exercises. Thus, while QA exercises may be very useful in improving the performance of haemostatic assays according to criteria which an individual laboratory can assess, improving agreement on haemostatic assay results between laboratories may be more difficult to achieve.
A New Computerized Impedance Plethysmograph: Accuracy in the Detection of Proximal Deep-Vein Thrombosis in Symptomatic Outpatients
Authors: Prandoni Paolo , Lensing Anthonie W A , Huisman Menno V , Jonker Jan J C , Vigo Mario , Borm Judocus J J , Büller Harry R , Sing A K , Carta Mariarosa , Cate Jan Wouter ten
Published: July 2018

Because of the lack of specificity of the clinical diagnosis it is appropriate in patients with clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis to apply an objective test before starting anticoagulant treatment. Impedance plethysmography is a highly accurate technique for the detection of proximal-vein thrombosis with a reported sensitivity and specificity of 93 and 97%, respectively. In all previous reported evaluations of impedance plethysmography an apparatus which was developed in 1971 was used.

A new computerized impedance plethysmograph, using a novel device to measure impedance, was blindly compared against venography in 443 consecutive outpatients with clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis. In the first phase of the study the computerized impedance plethysmography test results of 242 symptomatic patients were used to develop a discriminant line. Subsequently, this discriminant line was validated in the second phase of the study in another 201 symptomatic patients. The combined sensitivity and specificity of these two phases for proximal-vein thrombosis was 91% [95% confidence interval (Cl), 86 to 94%] and 94% (95% CI, 90 to 96%), respectively, which compares favourably with impedance plethysmography.

It is concluded that computerized impedance plethysmography is a simple, portable, non-invasive technique with a high accuracy for the detection of proximal vein thrombosis. However, before computerized impedance plethysmography can be used as the only test in the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis, the safety of withholding anticoagulant treatment to patients with repeated normal computerized test results should be assessed during longterm follow-up studies.
A Fibrin Specific Monoclonal Antibody which Interferes with the Fibrinolytic Effect of Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Gargan P E , Ploplis V A , Scheu J D
Published: June 2018

Monoclonal antibodies to human fibrin have been prepared from stable hybridomas, obtained by fusion of a mouse myeloma cell line (NS-1) and spleen cells of Balb/c mice immunized with a suspension of human fibrin. One cell line, DG1, producing a monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 κ subclass, reacted specifically with human fibrin (KD = 1.2 nM). Western blotting analysis indicates that DG1 crossreacts with the fibrin fragment D-dimer. Using both a chromogenic and an 125I-fibrin release assay it was illustrated that in the presence of the fibrin specific antibody the t-PA mediated generation of plasmin was significantly inhibited.

An animal model system, developed to monitor thrombosis and induced reactive fibrinolysis, was used to investigate the interference of plasminogen activation, by the antibody, in vivo.

This fibrin specific antibody prolonged the onset of reactive fibrinolysis in a dose dependent manner.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator is Endocytosed by Mannose and Galactose Receptors of Rat Liver Cells
Authors: Smedsrød Bård , Einarsson Monica , Pertoft Håkan
Published: June 2018

Experiments were carried out to charact erize the specificity of uptake of tPA in rat liver cells. Endocytosis in liver endothelial cells of the native carbohydrate variants of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and tPA inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate was found to be competitive, suggesting that the determinant being recognized by these cells is different from the active site. Fibronectin and urokinase, which show partial homology with tPA, did not compete with tPA for uptake in liver endothelial cells. Hyaluronic acid, collagen, or IgG, which are endocytosed by specific receptors in liver endothelial cells, did not interfere with the uptake.

Reduced endocytosis by liver endothelial cells was observed with tPA modified in the carbohydrate side chains, suggesting that these structures are important for uptake. Ovalbumin, mannan, mannose, fructose, and EDTA, but not galactose, effectively inhibited uptake in liver endothelial cells of both native and diisopropyl fluorophosphate-inhibited tPA, but had very little effect on the uptake of tPA modified in the carbohydrate side
chains.

Endocytosis of native tPA by parenchymal cells could be inhibited by galactose, ovalbumin, and EDTA, but not by mannose.

These results suggest that endocytosis of tPA by liver endothelial cells and parenchymal cells is mediated by the mannose and galactose receptors, respectively.
Fibrin Formed in Plasma is Composed of Fibers More Massive than those Formed from Purified Fibrinogen
Authors: Carr Marcus E
Published: June 2018

Reports of altered fibrin resulting from interactions with plasma proteins and cellular release products have raised the possibility that plasma fibrin may differ from purified fibrin. To investigate this possibility, the structures of thrombin-induced gels formed from platelet poor plasma and from purified fibrinogen were compared using turbidity and gel perfusion techniques. Plasma gels formed more slowly and were composed of fibers two to four times more massive than gels formed from purified fibrinogen. Increasing calcium concentration, decreasing ionic strength, decreasing thrombin concentration, or increasing fibrinogen concentration resulted in increasing fiber size. Addition of excess thrombin accelerated plasma gel formation and decreased gel fiber size, but did not totally eliminate the structural differences between the two systems. Thus, antithrombin activity, while possibly contributory, is not solely responsible for the altered gel structure. Penetration of plasma gels by fibrinolytic agents, egress to areas of injury by inflammatory cells, and gel removal by plasmin are processes at least partially dependent on gel fiber and pore size.
Adverse Effects of Treatment with Porcine Factor VIII
Authors: Gringeri A , Santagostino E , Tradati F , Giangrande P LF , Mannucci P M
Published: July 2018

In the last 10 years 63 courses (283 infusions) of porcine FVIII were given to 25 hemophiliacs with high titer alloantibodies and to 5 patients with autoantibodies to factor VIII. Although the product was in general clinically efficacious, adverse effects of treatment were more frequent and severe than previously reported. After 63 courses there was a median percentage fall in baseline platelet count of 54% (range 8-86%); for 10 courses (16%), thrombocytopenia was severe or moderately severe (<100 × 109/1), with nadirs of platelet count ranging from 10 to 99 × 109/1 (median 67). Allergic reactions were seen in 15 of 30 patients (50%), in 20 of 63 courses (32%), more frequently but not exclusively after the first infusion. Relatively mild symptoms (fever, Hushing, urticaria, shivering) occurred in 15 courses; 5 courses, however, were accompanied by more severe anaphylactoid reactions, 2 of which required resuscitation therapy. Allergic reactions were observed both in patients pretreated with steroids or anti-histamines (in 7 of 18 courses, 39%) and in nonpretreated patients (in 13 of 45 courses, 29%). In conclusion, adverse reactions are frequent after porcine FVIII (in 30 of 63 courses, 47%), and can occur also with infusions subsequent to the first. Hence, the recently proposed use of porcine FVIII as home treatment should be implemented with caution.
Platelet and Fibrinogen Survival with 75Se Selenomethionine in Acute Infectious Hepatitis
Authors: Musumeci S , D’Agata A , Panebianco M. G , LI Volti S
Published: July 2018

Simultaneous platelet and fibrinogen survival with 75Se selenomethionine was determined in eight patients with acute infectious hepatitis of intermediate severity. Fibrinogen survival alone was estimated in another nine patients, seven of whom were receiving heparin treatment. Platelet survival was found to be normal (7–9 days) in seven of the 8 patients ; it was reduced (4.6 days) only in one patient, who was also affected by measles. Fibrinogen survival was markedly reduced (1–3.7 days) and fibrinogen turnover sharply increased (0.59–2.80 mg/ml/day) in all but one patient, who had thalassaemia major, with normal fibrinogen survival and fibrinogen turnover. Heparin treatment did not affect either platelet survival or fibrinogen turnover. In all patients the coagulation defect was mild and no sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation or of increased fibrinolytic activity could be demonstrated by routine tests. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that in acute infectious hepatitis the decreased survival and increased turnover of fibrinogen might be due to a pathological pathway of defibrination independent of thrombin or plasmin.
Light Scattering Changes of Edetic Acid-Treated, Washed Rat Platelets
Authors: Shibata Sachiko , Kobayashi Bonro
Published: July 2018

The effects of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Ca2+ on platelet morphology were studied in edetic acid (EDTA)-treated, washed platelets of rat by means of light scattering measurement at right angles. ADP caused a transient change of light scattering, which was independent of concentration above 5 μM and of pH between 4 and 10. When the platelets were pretreated with ADP or chilled persistently, Ca2+ also caused another transient change of light scattering. The effect of Ca2+ was abolished at pH below 6.5. The velocity of both ADP- and Ca2+-induced response was dependent on temperature, and the magnitude was reduced by metabolic inhibitors and SH-blocking agents. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitively inhibited the ADP-induced response, but not the Ca2+-induced one. The response to Ca2+ of the control and chilled platelets was compared by scanning electron microgram. Apparent similarity of the effect of chilling on membrane structure to that of ADP was suggested.
Performances of an Artificial Reagent for the One-stage Factor IX Assay
Authors: Meunier L , Allain J. P , Frommel D
Published: July 2018

A mixture of adsorbed normal human plasma and chicken plasma was prepared as reagent for factor IX measurement using a one-stage method. The substrate was found to be specific for factor IX. Its performances tested on samples displaying factor IX activity ranging from <l%–2,500% compared favorably with those obtained when using the plasma of severe haemophilia B patients as substrate.
Further Investigations on Antithrombin III in the Plasmas of Patients with the Abnormality of ‘Antithrombin III Budapest’
Authors: Sas Géza , Pepper Duncan S , Cash John D
Published: July 2018

Antithrombin III (AT-III) was studied in a thrombophilic family with an abnormal AT-III molecule (antithrombin III Budapest) using a modified crossed Immunoelectrophoresis technique, gel filtration, ‘rocket’ Immunoelectrophoresis and a heparin cofactor assay.

When plain agarose was applied in the first phase of the crossed Immunoelectrophoresis, the normal and the pathological AT-III revealed identical electrophoretic mobility. However, when heparin was mixed with agarose in the first phase of electrophoresis, the propositus’ plasma displayed a different AT-III pattern from normal plasma. His plasma contained the first component of the normal plasma (Immune Antithrombin III1, IAT-III1) in a concentration of only 5% of normal, and a protein in high concentration which although immunoreactive to AT-III antisera, had an electrophoretic mobility similar (but not identical) to that of IAT-III2. This ab-normal protein had no heparin cofactor activity and a molecular size greater than normal plasma AT-III. Unlike normal AT-III, the addition of heparin did not change the molecular size of the pathologic AT-III molecule significantly.

The abnormal protein was present in lower concentrations in the patient’s children and at the time of study they had no clinical or laboratory evidence of intravascular coagulation.