bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Letter: loss of response to anti‐TNFα agents depends on treatment duration in patients with inflammatory bowel disease—authors' reply
Authors: Mahmoud Remi , Schultheiss Johannes P. D. , Fidder Herma H. , Oldenburg Bas
Published: January 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Schultheiss et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16605 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16713
Editorial: concurrent fatty liver and chronic viral hepatitis: a dual calamity leading to increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma? Authors' reply
Authors: Kim Mi Na , Ahn Sang Hoon
Published: January 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kim et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16706 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16732
Editorial: global liver fat accumulation and global health—towards a sustainable development goal. Authors' reply
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Mark Henry E. , Rinella Mary E. , Colombo Massimo
Published: January 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Lazarus et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16720 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16750
CenteringPregnancy in the Netherlands: Who engages, who doesn’t, and why
Authors: Wagijo Mary‐ann R. , Crone Mathilde R. , van Zwicht Birgit S. , van Lith Jan M. M. , Schindler Rising Sharon , Rijnders Marlies E. B.
Published: January 2022

Background

CenteringPregnancy (CP), a model of group antenatal care, was implemented in 2012 in the Netherlands to improve perinatal health; CP is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes. However, motivating women to participate in CP can be difficult. As such, we explored the characteristics associated with CP uptake and attendance and then investigated whether participation differs between health care facilities. In addition, we examined the reasons why women may decline participation and the reasons for higher or lower attendance rates.

Methods

Data from a stepped‐wedge cluster randomized controlled trial were used. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine associations among women's health behavior, sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics, health care facilities, and participation and attendance in CP.

Results

A total of 2562 women were included in the study, and the average participation rate was 31.6% per health care facility (range of 10%‐53%). Nulliparous women, women <26 years old or >30 years old, and women reporting average or high levels of stress were more likely to participate in CP. Participation was less likely for women who had stopped smoking before prenatal intake, or who scored below average on lifestyle/pregnancy knowledge. For those participating in CP, 87% attended seven or more out of the 10 sessions, and no significant differences were found in women's characteristics when compared for higher or lower attendance rates. After the initial uptake, group attendance rates remained high.

Conclusion

A more comprehensive understanding of the variation in participation rate between health care facilities is required, in order to develop effective strategies to improve the recruitment of women, especially those with less knowledge and understanding of health issues and smoking habits.
LncSIK1 enhanced the sensitivity of AML cells to retinoic acid by the E2F1/autophagy pathway
Authors: Wang Ke , Liu Jun‐da , Deng Ge , Ou Zi‐yao , Li Shu‐fang , Xu Xiao‐ling , Zhang Mei‐Ju , Peng Xiao‐Qing , Chen Fei‐hu
Published: January 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the biological impacts and possible mechanisms of a novel lncRNA, LncSIK1, in AML progression and retinoic acid‐regulated AML cell development.

Materials and Methods

The expression pattern of LncSIK1 was evaluated by qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. CCK‐8 assay, immunofluorescence, Wright‐Giemsa staining, flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed to assess cell proliferation and differentiation. Bioluminescence imaging and H&E staining were used to detect AML progression in vivo. RNA or chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to measure the interaction of E2F1 and LncSIK1 or the LC3 and DRAM promoters. Autophagy was measured by transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting.

Results

LncSIK1 was silenced in bone marrow mononuclear cells from AML patients compared with those from healthy donors. LncSIK1 strengthened the effect of retinoic acid in inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting cell proliferation in AML cells. Moreover, the silencing of LncSIK1 was critical to maintaining AML leukaemogenesis, as LncSIK1 enhancement retarded AML progression in vivo. Mechanistically, in NB4 cells, LncSIK1 recruited the E2F1 protein to the promoters of LC3 and DRAM and induced autophagy‐dependent degradation of the oncoprotein PML‐RARa. However, LncSIK1 blocked E2F1 expression and the E2F1‐mediated transcription of LC3 and DRAM, thereby relieving aggressive autophagy in Molm13 cells.

Conclusions

Taken together, these data indicated that LncSIK1 was an important regulator of AML development through regulating the E2F1/autophagy signalling pathway.
Diagnostic preferences include discussion of etiology for adults with cerebral palsy and their caregivers
Authors: Aravamuthan Bhooma R. , Shusterman Michele , Green Snyder Leeanne , Lemmon Monica E. , Bain Jennifer M. , Gross Paul ,   For Simons Searchlight,   For the Cerebral Palsy Research Network
Published: January 2022

Aim

To determine the views of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and their caregivers (CP community members) about carrying a CP diagnosis, an etiological diagnosis, or both diagnoses together.

Method

We surveyed CP community members across two registries querying their views on carrying a CP diagnosis, one type of etiological diagnosis (specifically, a genetic diagnosis), or both. Open‐ended responses were analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach.

Results

Of 197 respondents (108 adults with CP and 89 caregivers), most (75%) valued knowing the cause of their CP. Of those with a diagnostic preference, most preferred carrying both CP and etiological diagnoses together (68%). When compared with carrying an etiological diagnosis alone, significantly more respondents felt a CP diagnosis helped anticipate symptom evolution (84% vs 54%), explain symptoms to others (86% vs 48%), access services (86% vs 48%), and join support communities (78% vs 50%) (p <  0.01, χ2 test).

Interpretation

Most CP community members surveyed want to know the cause of their CP and would prefer carrying both CP and etiological diagnoses together. Clinical practice should evolve to meet these community needs.
User‐driven open‐source artificial pancreas systems and patient‐reported outcomes: A missed opportunity?
Authors: Vallis Michael , Holt Richard I. G.
Published: January 2022

Aim

This paper aims to highlight the attributes of engagement and urgency to act to control diabetes demonstrated by open‐source artificial pancreas system users with the view that increased user involvement in research and practice can capitalize on these self‐management traits; and to outline the challenges of researching outcomes in the context of unlicensed therapies.

Methods

A group of technically minded people with type 1 diabetes have reverse‐engineered commercially available diabetes devices to help them achieve the diabetes outcomes they desire. Although studies have reported improved biomedical outcomes with these artificial pancreas systems, there are only a few studies examining patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

The investigation of patient‐reported outcomes for open‐source artificial pancreas system users has been hampered by the rapid advances in the technology, the lack of randomized controlled trials and the ethical challenges of researching unregulated technologies. There is an on‐going debate about the most appropriate types of measures to evaluate patient‐related outcomes.

Conclusions

The early adopters of open‐source artificial pancreas systems exhibit many of the characteristics that predict optimal diabetes outcomes through engagement and urgency regarding self‐management. These qualities should be harnessed to improve research in this and other areas of diabetes management.
Identification of the missing links in parasite–host networks using the dark diversity concept: a case study with two taxonomic groups of ectoparasitic arthropods and small mammalian hosts
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Vinarski Maxim V. , Korallo‐Vinarskaya Natalia P. , Shenbrot Georgy I. , Khokhlova Irina S.
Published: January 2022

Dark diversity (DD) is represented by species that may potentially inhabit a locality but are absent. We applied this approach to identify missing species and links in the interaction networks of fleas and gamasid mites with small mammals and asked (a) which factors affect host, parasite or interaction (= link) DD and (b) whether the probability of an interaction to be missing is associated with the host and/or the parasite traits.

The DD of both parasite taxa increased with an increase in host DD. The DD of interactions increased with an increase in the DD of the respective parasite taxon. The quantity of missing flea–host links was affected by environment, whereas that of mite–host links was affected by host DD.

The values of the probability of an interaction to belong to DD were similar (= repeatable) within host and flea, but not mite, species. The probability of a flea–host and a mite–host interaction to be missing was higher if social hosts that possessed complex shelter, had low population densities but large geographic ranges.

The probability of a flea–host interaction to be missing was higher if a flea species was not abundant and preferred to spend most of its life on either the body or nest of its host but not both.

In conclusion, we propose a relatively simple way to apply the dark diversity concept to assess the quantity of missing links in parasite–host networks, to identify these links, and to relate the probability of a link to be missing with parasite and/or host traits.
Dental student oral surgery training—Comparing the impact of COVID‐19 and cohort sizes
Authors: Thorpe Andrew Raymond Darren Scott , Hsu Joyce , Carter Eric Francis , Ullah Mafaz , Cox Stephen Clive
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The response to the COVID‐19 pandemic potentially reduced the clinical experience and academic education of dental trainees through reduced supervised clinical sessions. Graduating dental students, future employers and regulators may be concerned over the level of clinical experience of graduates trained within the COVID‐19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to try and document the evidence for, and significance of, this impact.

Materials and Methods

From dental student data in the 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 cohorts attending the University of Sydney, Australia, the number of dental extractions and adjunct oral surgery procedures, as well as final end‐of‐year examination results, was recorded. Results were compared to determine whether differences in experience and final academic achievement existed between these cohorts.

Results

The smallest student cohort, 2017, demonstrated greater clinical experience than the 2018, 2019 and 2020 cohorts. The 2020 COVID‐19‐affected cohort demonstrated no statistically significant reduction in clinical experience in all measured clinical procedures when compared to the 2018 and 2019 cohorts. The decrease in city teaching hospital clinical experience was compensated by an increase in rural placements. The 2020 cohort achieved the lowest academic results, and this was statistically significant.

Conclusion

The oral surgery clinical experience of the 2020 dental cohort at the University of Sydney was comparable to prior cohorts. Rural clinics were able to compensate for COVID‐19 interruptions to clinical training. The number of students in a cohort, if all other variables remain constant, appeared to affect clinical exposure to a greater extent than COVID‐19.
Leapfrog dynamics in phage‐bacteria coevolution revealed by joint analysis of cross‐infection phenotypes and whole genome sequencing
Authors: Gupta Animesh , Peng Shengyun , Leung Chung Yin , Borin Joshua M. , Medina Sarah J. , Weitz Joshua S. , Meyer Justin R.
Published: January 2022

Viruses and their hosts can undergo coevolutionary arms races where hosts evolve increased resistance and viruses evolve counter‐resistance. Given these arms race dynamics (ARD), both players are predicted to evolve along a single trajectory as more recently evolved genotypes replace their predecessors. By coupling phenotypic and genomic analyses of coevolving populations of bacteriophage λ and Escherichia coli, we find conflicting evidence for ARD. Virus‐host infection phenotypes fit the ARD model, yet genomic analyses revealed fluctuating selection dynamics. Rather than coevolution unfolding along a single trajectory, cryptic genetic variation emerges and is maintained at low frequency for generations until it eventually supplants dominant lineages. These observations suggest a hybrid ‘leapfrog’ dynamic, revealing weaknesses in the predictive power of standard coevolutionary models. The findings shed light on the mechanisms that structure coevolving ecological networks and reveal the limits of using phenotypic or genomic data alone to differentiate coevolutionary dynamics.
Caudal foot placement superior to toe elevation for navicular palmaroproximal‐palmarodistal‐oblique image quality
Authors: Peeters Manon W. J. , Thursby Jasmine J. , Watson Hannah E. , Berner Dagmar
Published: January 2022

Background

Palmaroproximal‐palmarodistal oblique (PaPr‐PaDiO) radiographs are regularly obtained for a full evaluation of the navicular bone (NB). Despite their routine use, different acquisition techniques are described.

Objectives

To determine optimal foot placement and beam angle for obtaining PaPr‐PaDiO views.

Study design

In vitro experiment.

Methods

A convenience sample of 26 disarticulated forelimbs were placed in six different positions using a leg press to mimic the weight‐bearing position. In each position, navicular PaPr‐PaDiO images were obtained with eight different beam angles. The resulting 1248 radiographs were graded for their diagnostic quality and the compacta spongiosa demarcation of the NB.

Results

Diagnostic quality and compacta‐spongiosa demarcation was graded higher for feet positioned caudally and angle between 40° and 45°. Elevation of the toe significantly decreased the NB palmar border angle (elevated mean: 40.66, SD: 4.46, non‐elevated mean: 42.06, SD: 4.70) (P < .01), but seemed to have no obvious positive influence on radiographs.

Main limitations

Using disarticulated legs could only mimic positions but, using a press, weight‐bearing positions were replicated as closely as possible. The use of a convenience sample makes the results of the study exploratory only.

Conclusions

Caudal foot placement seems to improve the image quality of the navicular PaPr‐PaDiO view. The widely used standard beam angle of 45° appears to be the favourable angle for acquisition with a varied range of −5°. Elevation of the toe, standard in most commercially available navicular skyline cassette holders, does not influence the obtained image quality.
Plasmodium falciparum Kelch13 and its artemisinin‐resistant mutants assemble as hexamers in solution: a SAXS data‐driven modelling study
Authors: Goel Nainy , Dhiman Kanika , Kalidas Nidhi , Mukhopadhyay Anwesha , Ashish Fnu , Bhattacharjee Souvik
Published: January 2022

The artemisinin‐resistant mutations in Plasmodium falciparum (PfKelch13) identified worldwide are mostly confined to the Broad‐complex, tramtrack and bric‐à‐brac/poxvirus and zinc‐finger (BTB/POZ) and Kelch‐repeat propeller (KRP) domains. To date, only two crystal structures of the BTB/POZ‐KRP domains as tight dimers are available, which limits structure‐based predictions and interpretation of its role(s) in inducing clinical artemisinin resistance. Our solution Small‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (SAXS) data analysis and shape restoration brought forth that: (a) PfKelch13 forms a stable hexamer in P6 symmetry, (b) interactions of the N‐termini drive the hexameric assembly, and (c) the six KRP domains project independently in space, forming a cauldron‐like architecture. We further deduce that the artemisinin‐sensitive mutant A578S is packed like the wild‐type protein, however, hexameric assemblies of the predominant artemisinin‐resistant mutants R539T and C580Y displayed detectable differences in the spatial positioning of their BTB/POZ‐KRP domains. Lastly, mapping of mutations known to enable artemisinin resistance suggested evolutionary pressure in the selection for mutations in the BTB/POZ‐KRP domains. These mutations appear non‐detrimental to the hexameric assembly of proteins, and yet somehow alter the flux of downstream events essential for the susceptibility to artemisinin.
The Middle Atlantic Bight Cold Pool is warming and shrinking: Indices from in situ autumn seafloor temperatures
Authors: Friedland Kevin D. , Miles Travis , Goode Andrew G. , Powell Eric N. , Brady Damian C.
Published: January 2022

The Cold Pool feature of the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) is a body of cold bottom water that develops in the spring and persists through the summer‐autumn months. It is maintained by northerly currents and can be traced back to Arctic water masses. The Cold Pool provides habitat for many boreal species at latitudes far south of their normal range and plays an important role in the population dynamics of lower and upper trophic level organisms. Here, we describe changes in the extent and thermal properties of the Cold Pool using both observations and models. Two indices are developed based on a gridded, interpolated bottom temperature dataset; the first is a mean temperature indicator, and the second is a spatial extent indicator. The temperature indicator showed a significant increasing trend over the study period 1968–2019 and a single change point in 2008. Similarly, the area indicator declined significantly, also displaying a change point in 2008. Cold Pool maximum temperature and minimum size were observed in 2017, which is also known as a heatwave year in the MAB. The indices presented here support the view of a rapidly warming Cold Pool that is being limited in its spatial extent. Changes in Cold Pool hydrography will likely affect boreal species distributions and total ecosystem productivity.
Testing unified theories for ozone response in C4 species
Authors: Li Shuai , Moller Christopher A. , Mitchell Noah G. , Lee DoKyoung , Sacks Erik J. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2022

There is tremendous interspecific variability in O3 sensitivity among C3 species, but variation among C4 species has been less clearly documented. It is also unclear whether stomatal conductance and leaf structure such as leaf mass per area (LMA) determine the variation in sensitivity to O3 across species. In this study, we investigated leaf morphological, chemical, and photosynthetic responses of 22 genotypes of four C4 bioenergy species (switchgrass, sorghum, maize, and miscanthus) to elevated O3 in side‐by‐side field experiments using free‐air O3 concentration enrichment (FACE). The C4 species varied largely in leaf morphology, physiology, and nutrient composition. Elevated O3 did not alter leaf morphology, nutrient content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and respiration in most genotypes but reduced net CO2 assimilation in maize and photosynthetic capacity in sorghum and maize. Species with lower LMA and higher stomatal conductance tended to show greater losses in photosynthetic rate and capacity in elevated O3 compared with species with higher LMA and lower stomatal conductance. Stomatal conductance was the strongest determinant of leaf photosynthetic rate and capacity. The response of both area‐ and mass‐based leaf photosynthetic rate and capacity to elevated O3 were not affected by LMA directly but negatively influenced by LMA indirectly through stomatal conductance. These results demonstrate that there is significant variation in O3 sensitivity among C4 species with maize and sorghum showing greater sensitivity of photosynthesis to O3 than switchgrass and miscanthus. Interspecific variation in O3 sensitivity was determined by direct effects of stomatal conductance and indirect effects of LMA. This is the first study to provide a test of unifying theories explaining variation in O3 sensitivity in C4 bioenergy grasses. These findings advance understanding of O3 tolerance in C4 grasses and could aid in optimal placement of diverse C4 bioenergy feedstock across a polluted landscape.
Choreographing social reproduction: Making personal protective equipment and gender during a neoliberal pandemic
Authors: Leap Braden , Kelly Kimberly , Stalp Marybeth C.
Published: January 2022

Feminist scholars explore the gendered aspects of social reproduction within neoliberal contexts where the responsibility for reproducing daily and intergenerational life is shifted onto individuals and civil society groups. Using qualitative data from 665 self‐administered online questionnaires and 78 interviews with individual makers living in the United States who fabricated and distributed personal protective equipment (PPE) in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, we consider the gendered contours of this socially reproductive labor that emerged at the household and community levels in response to a pandemic that has been transformed by decades of neoliberal governance strategies. As makers creatively utilized multiple kinds of labor to provide PPE for others, they both reproduced and subverted gendered inequalities in their households and communities. We draw on the “choreography of care work” literature to develop a conceptual framework for future considerations of social reproduction that highlights how its often ignored intricacies are centrally important to how gendered inequalities are reproduced and/or reworked amid disasters. Like a complex dance that is rewritten and enacted in emergent manners, makers creatively deployed multiple kinds of labor within shifting networks of people, technologies, and institutions to ensure social reproduction during the ongoing pandemic.
GM‐CSF is key in the efficacy of vaccine‐induced reduction of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Vaillant Laurie , Oster Paul , McMillan Brynn , Orozco Fernandez Eulalia , Velin Dominique
Published: January 2022

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the human gastric mucosa with a high worldwide prevalence. Currently, H. pylori is eradicated by the use of antibiotics. However, elevated antibiotic resistance suggests new therapeutic strategies need to be envisioned: one approach being prophylactic vaccination. Pre‐clinical and clinical data show that a urease‐based vaccine is efficient in decreasing H. pylori infection through the mobilization of T helper (Th) cells, especially Th17 cells. Th17 cells produce interleukins such as IL‐22 and IL‐17, among others, and are key players in vaccine efficacy. Recently, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)‐producing Th17 cells have been identified.

Aim

This study explores the possibility that GM‐CSF plays a role in the reduction of H. pylori infection following vaccination.

Results

We demonstrate that GM‐CSF+ IL‐17+ Th17 cells accumulate in the stomach mucosa of H. pylori infected mice during the vaccine‐induced reduction of H. pylori infection. Secondly, we provide evidence that vaccinated GM‐CSF deficient mice only modestly reduce H. pylori infection. Conversely, we observe that an increase in GM‐CSF availability reduces H. pylori burden in chronically infected mice. Thirdly, we show that GM‐CSF, by acting on gastric epithelial cells, promotes the production of βdefensin3, which exhibits H. pylori bactericidal activities.

Conclusion

Taken together, we demonstrate a key role of GM‐CSF, most probably originating from Th17 cells, in the vaccine‐induced reduction of H. pylori infection.
Oral health care beliefs among care personnel working with older people – follow‐up of oral care education provided by dental hygienists
Authors: Edman Kristina , Wårdh Inger
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The proportion of older people in the population is increasing rapidly. Along with this comes an increase in the number of people requiring assistance in daily living, including oral care. Swedish law stipulates that care personnel who work with older people should be offered oral health education every year. The aim of this study was to investigate oral health care beliefs among such personnel.

Methods

A questionnaire study was conducted among 2167 personnel providing care to older people at special accommodation sites and in home care. Data were collected using the Nursing Dental Coping Beliefs Scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated and logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Personnel working in home care had lower odds of having an internal locus of control than those working in special accommodation, and personnel with less than 10 years of working experience had lower odds than their more experienced counterparts. Men had higher odds of having an external locus of control than women.

Conclusions

It seems important to ensure that home care personnel and less experienced personnel attend oral care educational sessions, and to encourage male staff to focus on oral care work.
Un siècle de droit du travail dans la Revue internationale du Travail
Authors: DUKES Ruth , FUDGE Judy , MUNDLAK Guy
Published: January 2022

Ce numéro du centenaire propose un choix d'articles sur le droit du travail publiés dans la Revue internationale du Travail au cours d'un siècle d'existence. Cette sélection fait apparaître deux axes dans le discours et les débats. Le premier est celui de l'évolution au fil du temps de la pensée sur la substance et la portée du droit du travail en général. Le second suit l'évolution du droit international du travail en particulier. Cette introduction se propose de relier les points de repère relevés tout au long de ces axes et de mettre en évidence les thèmes, questions et défis récurrents ainsi que l'évolution des points de vue.
Cambios de perspectiva sobre la pobreza y la desigualdad: contribuciones de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo
Authors: RODGERS Gerry
Published: January 2022

Se presenta una selección de artículos de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo que ilustra la evolución de los estudios sobre la pobreza y la desigualdad en el último siglo. Estos temas, apenas visibles en los primeros decenios de la revista, adquirieron protagonismo a partir de los años setenta, especialmente en las investigaciones realizadas en el marco del Programa Mundial de Empleo de la OIT. En la década de 1990, los artículos se centraron en los conceptos de pobreza y exclusión social y en el impacto de la reforma económica. Las publicaciones más recientes tratan la desigualdad económica y social dentro de análisis más amplios del crecimiento y el desarrollo. Queda margen para una mayor integración de los diferentes enfoques de la pobreza y la desigualdad.
El derecho del trabajo en los 100 años de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo
Authors: DUKES Ruth , FUDGE Judy , MUNDLAK Guy
Published: January 2022

Este número monográfico contiene una selección de artículos sobre derecho del trabajo publicados en la Revista Internacional del Trabajo (RIT) en sus 100 años de historia. Se han elegido por su contribución a dos líneas de debate y discurso. La primera se refiere a la evolución de las ideas sobre el alcance y la esencia del derecho del trabajo en general, y la segunda aborda específicamente el derecho internacional del trabajo. En esta introducción se examinan los hitos en cada una de estas líneas, señalando los temas, cuestiones y dificultades recurrentes, así como los puntos de vista cambiantes.
La evolución del discurso sobre el desarrollo en la Revista Internacional del Trabajo
Authors: GHOSH Jayati , RANI Uma
Published: January 2022

En la presente introducción se analiza el discurso del desarrollo tal como se refleja en una selección de artículos publicados en la Revista Internacional del Trabajo (RIT) entre 1971 y 2020, que ofrecen perspectivas sobre el desarrollo centradas en los ingresos, la transformación estructural, la mejora de la vida de las personas a través del desarrollo social y las interacciones del crecimiento económico con el empleo y los mercados de trabajo. Al destacar aspectos de la relación entre el desarrollo económico y el trabajo, estas contribuciones analíticas y empíricas siguen vigentes y nos ayudan a comprender los procesos y debates de política conexos.
Three‐dimensional complex construct fabrication of illite by digital light processing‐based additive manufacturing technology
Authors: Zhang Sinuo , Sutejo Imam Akbar , Kim Jeehwan , Choi Yeong‐Jin , Park Honghyun , Yun Hui‐suk
Published: January 2022

Illite is a group of clay minerals that are expected to be widely used in catalyst fabrication, radioactive element adsorption, and so forth, due to its excellent adsorption properties. However, the shape control limitation of the illite product should be overcome to maximize its utilization and properties. We herein propose additive manufacturing (AM) as one of the best solutions to solve this structural drawback. Digital light processing (DLP) technology with the film‐type of the material supplying system was adapted instead of the general vat‐type DLP system to increase illite printability. The photo‐curability and printability of illite‐contained photocurable suspension were optimized. The color effect due to different ferric oxide content in yellow‐ and white‐illite which influence the photopolymerization process also adjusted thoroughly. White illite showed better photo‐curability and could be increased solid loading than yellow illite. The defect‐free illite products with three‐dimensional complex structures, which cannot be produced by typical ceramic processes, were obtained by DLP technology for both yellow‐ and white‐illite after sintering at 1100°C. The overcoming of shape control limitation of illites by ceramic AM proved in this study has excellent potential for expanding illite utilities in various applications.
Variable vulnerability to climate change in New Zealand lizards
Authors: Jarvie Scott , Ingram Travis , Chapple David G. , Hitchmough Rodney A. , Nielsen Stuart V. , Monks Joanne M.
Published: January 2022

Aim

The primary drivers of species and population extirpations have been habitat loss, overexploitation and invasive species, but human‐mediated climate change is expected to be a major driver in future. To minimise biodiversity loss, conservation managers should identify species vulnerable to climate change and prioritise their protection. Here, we estimate climatic suitability for two species‐rich taxonomic groups, then use phylogenetic analyses to assess vulnerability to climate change.

Location

Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ).

Taxa

NZ lizards: diplodactylid geckos and eugongylinae skinks.

Methods

We built correlative species distribution models (SDMs) for NZ geckos and skinks to estimate climatic suitability under current climate and 2070 future climate scenarios. We then used Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models (BPMMs) to assess vulnerability for both groups with predictor variables for life‐history traits (body size and activity phase) and current distribution (elevation and latitude). We explored two scenarios: an unlimited dispersal scenario, where projections track climate, and a no‐dispersal scenario, where projections are restricted to areas currently identified as suitable.

Results

SDMs projected vulnerability to climate change for most modelled lizards. For species' ranges projected to decline in climatically suitable areas, average decreases were between 42% and 46% for geckos and 33% and 52% for skinks, although area did increase or remain stable for a minority of species. For the no‐dispersal scenario, the average decrease for geckos was 37%–52% and for skinks was 33%–52%. Our BPMMs showed phylogenetic signal in climate change vulnerability for both groups, with elevation increasing vulnerability for geckos, and body size reducing vulnerability for skinks.

Main conclusions

New Zealand lizards showed variable vulnerability to climate change, with most species' ranges predicted to decrease. For species whose suitable climatic space is projected to disappear from within their current range, managed relocation could be considered to establish populations in regions that will be suitable under future climates.
Fragmented QRS on electrocardiography as a predictor for diastolic cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yagi Kunimasa , Imamura Teruhiko , Tada Hayato , Liu Jianhui , Miyamoto Yukiko , Ohbatake Azusa , Ito Naoko , Shikata Masataka , Enkaku Asako , Takikawa Akiko , Honoki Hisae , Fujisaka Shiho , Chujo Daisuke , Origasa Hideki , Kinugawa Koichiro , Tobe Kazuyuki
Published: January 2022

Aims/Introduction

Diastolic cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (DD2D) is a critical risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. However, there is no established biomarker to detect DD2D. We aimed to investigate the predictive impact of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiography on the existence of DD2D.

Materials and Methods

We included in‐hospital patients with type 2 diabetes without heart failure symptoms who were admitted to our institution for glycemic management between November 2017 and April 2021. An fQRS was defined as an additional R′ wave or notching/splitting of the S wave in two contiguous electrocardiography leads. DD2D was diagnosed according to the latest guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography.

Results

Of 320 participants, 122 patients (38.1%) had fQRS. DD2D was diagnosed in 82 (25.6%). An fQRS was significantly associated with the existence of DD2D (odds ratio 4.37, 95% confidence interval 2.33–8.20; p < 0.0001) adjusted for seven potential confounders. The correlation between DD2D and diabetic microvascular disease was significant only among those with fQRS. Classification and regression tree analysis showed that fQRS was the most relevant optimum split for DD2D.

Conclusions

An fQRS might be a simple and promising predictor of the existence of DD2D. The findings should be validated in a larger‐scale cohort.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on keratinocyte carcinoma in the Netherlands: Trends in diagnoses and magnitude of diagnostic delays
Authors: Slotman E. , Schreuder K. , Nijsten T.E.C. , Wakkee M. , Hollestein L. , Mooyaart A. , Siesling S. , Louwman M.W.J.
Published: January 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted Dutch society and the healthcare system. Focus switched to care for COVID‐19 patients, thereby altering care for non‐COVID patients. Non‐urgent medical visits were cancelled or postponed and patients were reluctant to visit healthcare services.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on trends in diagnoses of keratinocyte carcinoma (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC)) and to assess the magnitude of diagnostic delays.

Methods

The number of cSCC and BCC diagnoses in each month of 2020 was compared to the expected number of diagnoses for these months, using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Expected diagnoses for 2020 were used as a reference to take the yearly increase in keratinocyte carcinoma incidence into account and were calculated by extrapolating the trends observed in 2017–2019. Comparisons were further stratified by age, sex and region. Estimates of diagnostic delays were calculated and corrected for the influence of excess mortality due to the pandemic on keratinocyte carcinoma incidence.

Results

The number of cSCC and BCC diagnoses substantially decreased when compared to the number of diagnoses expected from March to May 2020 (cSCC −29%, BCC −50%). These decreases were observed across all age groups, both sexes, and all regions. From June to September the number of cSCC and BCC diagnoses was higher than expected, after which it slightly dropped below expected in October to December. In total, 2020 keratinocyte carcinoma diagnoses continued to trail those expected, with a backlog of around 1150 cSCCs and 11 767 BCCs remaining at the end of the year.

Conclusion

Diagnosis of keratinocyte carcinoma was suboptimal during the COVID‐19 pandemic, due to diagnostic delays likely resulting from both patient and health system‐related delay. Further studies will need to determine the effects of these diagnostic delays on outcomes.
Reopening a can of words: Qualitative secondary data analysis
Authors: Sharp Elizabeth A. , Munly Kelly
Published: January 2022

Qualitative Secondary Data Analysis remains severely underutilized in Human Development and Family Sciences (HDFS). In this paper, we revisit the topic of qualitative secondary data analysis, exploring complications and possibilities. Major barriers to qualitative secondary data analysis are archiving data, availability of datasets, and knowledge and explicit models of qualitative data reanalysis. Foregrounding the importance of multilogicality, qualitative secondary data analysis moves away from linear, unidimensional, and restricted analyses and understandings. With exceptions, little published discussion exists about philosophical considerations and analytical tools that could be used for qualitative secondary data analysis within HDFS. In response to this deficit, we offer ideas and examples of qualitative secondary data analyses from our datasets. By reopening this can of words, we hope to (re) generate more discussion and encourage a greater number of HDFS scholars to archive their qualitative datasets and reuse existing qualitative datasets.
Innovative approach for first‐trimester fetal organ volume measurements using a Virtual Reality system: The Generation R Next Study
Authors: Wiertsema Clarissa J. , Sol Chalana M. , Mulders Annemarie G. M. G. J. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Duijts Liesbeth , Gaillard Romy , Koning Anton H. J. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

To investigate the reproducibility of first‐trimester fetal organ volume measurements using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound and a Virtual Reality system.

Methods

Within a population‐based prospective cohort study, 3D ultrasound datasets of 25 first‐trimester fetuses were collected by three sonographers. We used the V‐scope application to perform Virtual Reality volume assessments of the fetal heart, lungs, and kidneys. All measurements were performed by two independent researchers.

Results

Intraobserver analyses for volume measurements of the fetal heart, lungs, and kidneys showed intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.86, mean differences ≤8.3%, and coefficients of variation ≤22.8%. Interobserver analyses showed sufficient agreement for right lung volume measurements, but consistent measurement differences between observers for left lung, heart, and kidney volume measurements (p‐values <0.05).

Conclusion

We observed sufficient intraobserver reproducibility, but overall suboptimal interobserver reproducibility for first‐trimester fetal heart, lung, and kidney volume measurements using an innovative Virtual Reality approach. In the current stage, these measurements might be promising for the use in research settings. The reproducibility of the measurements might be further improved by novel post‐processing algorithms.
A dark‐tolerant diatom (Chaetoceros) cultured from the deep sea
Authors: Mou Shanli , Zhang Zenghu , Zhao Hanshuang , Nair Shailesh , Li Yuhang , Xu Kuidong , Tian Jiwei , Zhang Yongyu
Published: January 2022

Although the extreme conditions of the deep sea are typically not suitable for the growth of photosynthetic algae, accumulating evidence indicates that there are diverse healthy phytoplankton living in this environment. However, living phytoplankton from the deep sea have rarely been isolated and cultivated, and so our understanding of where they come from and how they adapt to (or tolerate) the extreme deep‐sea environment is limited. Here, under long‐term dark stress and subsequent light treatment, we successfully isolated a diatom from a depth of 1,000 m in the Western Pacific Ocean. Morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that it is affiliated to the genus Chaetoceros, and thus, we tentatively named it Chaetoceros sp. DS1. We observed that the chloroplast genome of this species, is most closely related to that of Chaetoceros simplex. It was shown to have a strong tolerance to darkness in that it maintained its morphological integrity and vitality for up to 3 months in complete darkness at room temperature. We also demonstrated that Chaetoceros sp. DS1 presented a facultative heterotrophic function. Its growth was promoted by many organic carbon sources (e.g., glycerine, ethanol, and sodium acetate) under low light conditions. However, under dark and high light conditions, the growth promotion effect of organic carbon was not obvious. Indeed, Chaetoceros sp. DS1 grew best under low light conditions, indicating that it likely came from the deeper layer of the euphotic zone. The facultative heterotrophic function of this diatom and tolerance to darkness may help it survive in these conditions or enter a dormant period in the deep sea.
Critical assessment of the current indicator for antenatal iron‐containing supplementation coverage: Insights from a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Owais Aatekah , Wuehler Sara , Heidkamp Rebecca , Mehra Vrinda , Neufeld Lynnette M. , Rogers Lisa M. , Saha Kuntal Kumar
Published: January 2022

Daily consumption of iron‐containing supplements is recommended for all pregnant women but there is no approved global standard indicator for assessing supplementation coverage. Furthermore, the validity of commonly used coverage indicators for iron‐containing supplement consumption is questionable. The WHO–UNICEF Technical Expert Advisory Group on Nutrition Monitoring, and partners, have systematically worked to identify a feasible and valid indicator of iron‐containing supplement coverage for reporting by countries. In 2019, we conducted key informant interviews with respondents in eight countries, fielded an online survey (in three languages using SurveyMonkey) to which 142 nutrition professionals from 52 countries responded, and used Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from four countries to assess determinants of the quality of iron‐containing supplement coverage data. Less than half (45%) of online survey respondents were satisfied with the current methods for collecting iron‐containing supplement coverage data in their context. Recommended changes by study respondents include recall period <5 years, adding questions about counselling, including other beneficiary groups, and assessing supply chain functionality. The DHS analysis suggested an association between time since pregnancy and data quality. Data heaping on multiples of 30 was observed in 40%–75% of data. There is a clear demand for a revised indicator and measurement guidance for coverage of iron‐containing supplementation during pregnancy. Future research should continue the development and validation of a global indicator, to more precisely validate the quality of recall data, including the distinction between distribution and consumption using various question formulations.
Evaluating restoration trajectories using DNA metabarcoding of ground‐dwelling and airborne invertebrates and associated plant communities
Authors: van der Heyde Mieke , Bunce Michael , Dixon Kingsley W. , Fernandes Kristen , Majer Jonathan , Wardell‐Johnson Grant , White Nicole E. , Nevill Paul
Published: January 2022

Invertebrates are important for restoration processes as they are key drivers of many landscape‐scale ecosystem functions; including pollination, nutrient cycling and soil formation. However, invertebrates are often overlooked in restoration monitoring because they are highly diverse, poorly described, and time‐consuming to survey, and require increasingly scarce taxonomic expertise to enable identification. DNA metabarcoding is a relatively new tool for rapid survey that is able to address some of these concerns, and provide information about the taxa with which invertebrates are interacting via food webs and habitat. Here, we evaluate how invertebrate communities may be used to determine ecosystem trajectories during restoration. We collected ground‐dwelling and airborne invertebrates across chronosequences of mine‐site restoration in three ecologically disparate locations in Western Australia and identified invertebrate and plant communities using DNA metabarcoding. Ground‐dwelling invertebrates showed the clearest restoration signals, with communities becoming more similar to reference communities over time. These patterns were weaker in airborne invertebrates, which have higher dispersal abilities and therefore less local fidelity to environmental conditions. Although we detected directional changes in community composition indicative of invertebrate recovery, patterns observed were inconsistent between study locations. The inclusion of plant assays allowed identification of plant species, as well as potential food sources and habitat. We demonstrate that DNA metabarcoding of invertebrate communities can be used to evaluate restoration trajectories. Testing and incorporating new monitoring techniques such as DNA metabarcoding is critical to improving restoration outcomes.
Adaptive significance of flowering time variation across natural seasonal environments in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fournier‐Level Alexandre , Taylor Mark A. , Paril Jefferson F. , Martínez‐Berdeja Alejandra , Stitzer Michelle C. , Cooper Martha D. , Roe Judith L. , Wilczek Amity M. , Schmitt Johanna
Published: January 2022

The relevance of flowering time variation and plasticity to climate adaptation requires a comprehensive empirical assessment. We investigated natural selection and the genetic architecture of flowering time in Arabidopsis through field experiments in Europe across multiple sites and seasons.

We estimated selection for flowering time, plasticity and canalization. Loci associated with flowering time, plasticity and canalization by genome‐wide association studies were tested for a geographic signature of climate adaptation.

Selection favored early flowering and increased canalization, except at the northernmost site, but was rarely detected for plasticity. Genome‐wide association studies revealed significant associations with flowering traits and supported a substantial polygenic inheritance. Alleles associated with late flowering, including functional FRIGIDA variants, were more common in regions experiencing high annual temperature variation. Flowering time plasticity to fall vs spring and summer environments was associated with GIGANTEA SUPPRESSOR 5, which promotes early flowering under decreasing day length and temperature.

The finding that late flowering genotypes and alleles are associated with climate is evidence for past adaptation. Real‐time phenotypic selection analysis, however, reveals pervasive contemporary selection for rapid flowering in agricultural settings across most of the species range. The response to this selection may involve genetic shifts in environmental cuing compared to the ancestral state.