bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(Boc)‐L‐(2‐Bromoallyl)glycine: A Versatile Intermediate for the Synthesis of Optically Active Unnatural Amino Acids.
Authors: LEANNA M. R. , MORTON H. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a New Amino‐Protecting Group, 2‐Adamantyloxycarbonyl (2‐ Adoc), and Its Application to the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Protected Peptides.
Authors: NISHIYAMA Y. , OKADA Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Sugar‐Derived β‐Ketophosphonates and Their Use in the Synthesis of Higher Sugars.
Authors: NARKUNAN K. , NAGARAJAN M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amidine Pseudodisaccharides.
Authors: KNAPP S. , CHOE Y. H. , REILLY E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Large‐Scale Synthesis of D‐Mannose 6‐Phosphate and Other Hexose 6‐ Phosphates.
Authors: MELDAL M. , CHRISTENSEN M. K. , BOCK K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Access to D‐Ribose and D‐Lyxose
Authors: LACOURT‐GADRAS B. , GRIGNON‐DUBOIS M. , REZZONICO B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Method for Avoiding Alkylthio Group Migration During the Synthesis of Thioglycoside 2,3‐Orthoesters. An Improved Synthesis of Partially Acylated 1‐Thio‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosides.
Authors: POZSGAY V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic O‐ and S‐Glycosylation of 1‐Hydroxy Sugars.
Authors: INANAGA J. , YOKOYAMA Y. , HANAMOTO T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Trityl Group as an Alternative in Mukaiyama′s Glycosylation Reaction.
Authors: HOUDIER S. , VOTTERO P. J. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation, Structural Elucidation and Conformational Analysis of Sesquiterpene Pyridine Alkaloids from Maytenus ebenifolia Reiss. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of Ebenifoline W‐I.
Authors: ITOKAWA H. , SHIROTA O. , MORITA H. , TAKEYA K. , IITAKA Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, 2‐D NMR, and Biological Evaluation of ILV Mimics as Potential Modulators of Protein Kinase C.
Authors: KOZIKOWSKI A. P. , MA D. , PANG Y.‐P. , SHUM P. , LIKIC V. , MISHRA P. K. , MACURA S. , BASU A. , LAZO J. S. , BALL R. G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Diquinane Lycopodium Alkaloids Magellanine and Magellaninone.
Authors: PAQUETTE L. A. , FRIEDRICH D. , PINARD E. , WILLIAMS J. P. , LAURENT D. ST. , RODEN B. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of Ant Venom Alkaloid: (3S,5R,8S)‐3‐Heptyl‐5‐methylpyrrolizidine.
Authors: GRANDJEAN C. , ROSSET S. , CELERIER J. P. , LHOMMET G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: UO2+ 2‐Catalyzed Oligothioadenylate Synthesis with High Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity.
Authors: SHIMAZU M. , SHINOZUKA K. , SAWAI H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Efficient Method for the Synthesis of the Antiviral Agent Carbovir.
Authors: JUNG M. E. , RHEE H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Total Synthesis of the Antimalarial Natural Product (+)‐Qinghaosu (I) .
Authors: LIU H.‐J. , YEH W.‐L. , CHEW S. Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Rapamycin.
Authors: NICOLAOU K. C. , CHAKRABORTY T. K. , PISCOPIO A. D. , MINOWA N. , BERTINATO P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry of the Antifungal Dipeptide Sch 37137 (I) and Its 2S,3S‐Isomer.
Authors: RANER D. F. , GIRIJAVALLABHAN V. M. , GANGULY A. K. , PIKE R. E. , SAKSENA A. K. , MCPHAIL A. T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Aryl‐ and 2‐Alkenyl‐Substituted Carbapenems Under Mild Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Conditions.
Authors: YASUDA N. , XAVIER L. , RIEGER D. L. , LI Y. , DECAMP A. E. , DOLLING U.‐H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Cerulenin and Its Analogs. Part 1. Cerulenin and Its Analogues with Modified Side Chain.
Authors: MORISAKI N. , FUNABASHI H. , FURUKAWA J. , SHIMAZAWA R. , KANEMATSU A. , ANDO T. , OKUDA S. , IWASAKI S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)‐(+)‐Sulcatol Using a Nitroalkane Synthon.
Authors: SARMA B. K. , BARUA N. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Control of Diesel Engine Particulate Emission: Studies on Model Reactions Over a EuroPt‐1 (Pt/SiO2) Catalyst.
Authors: XUE E. , SESHAN K. , VAN OMMEN J. G. , ROSS J. R. H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Structural and Magnetic Properties and Stability of Interstitial Sm2Fe17‐Carbonitrohydrides
Authors: CHRISTODOULOU C. N. , TAKESHITA T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolates: A Coordination Chemistry View of Metal‐Ligand Bonding in Intrazeolite MOCVD Type Precursors and Semiconductor Nanoclusters
Authors: OZIN G. A. , BOWES C. L. , STEELE M. R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Design, Synthesis, Structure and Bonding of Polynuclear Rare‐ Earth Complexes and Clusters
Authors: XU G. , GAO S. , HUANG C. , WU J. , LI L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxides, Aryloxides, Trialkylsiloxides, and Related Oxygen Donors as Ancillary Ligands in the Organometallic Chemistry of the Early Transition Metals
Authors: CHISHOLM M. H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Relationships Between Metal Cluster Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis.
Authors: SHRIVER D. F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicenter Ligand Transformations of Thioureas on Ruthenium Clusters
Authors: SUESS‐FINK G. , BODENSIECK U. , HOFERKAMP L. , RHEINWALD G. , STOECKLI‐EVANS H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemistry of Dimetallacyclic Compounds: Utility of M(CO) 4(η2‐Alkyne) (M: Ruthenium, Osmium) Building Blocks
Authors: TAKATS J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum Clusters with Phosphide Ligands: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: MOISEEV I. I. , KOZITSYNA N. YU. , KOCHUBEY D. I. , ZAMARAEV K. I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser Ablation‐Molecular Beam (LAMB) Method. Reactions of Metal Ions with Organic and Inorganic Molecules and Clusters: Novel Organometallic Chemistry and Its Astrophysical Significance
Authors: SATO H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Oxidation of Hydrocarbons on Perovskite Oxides
Authors: SEIYAMA T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Building Block Strategy for Asymmetric Synthesis: The DHAP‐Aldolases
Authors: FESSNER W. D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Di‐ and Triquinane Sesqui‐, Di‐ and Sesterterpenes ‐ Columbus Style
Authors: PAQUETTE L. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Several Organic Substrates by Dodecatungstocobaltate(III)
Authors: BANERJEE P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Effects of Ether and Hydroxyl Groups
Authors: SHORTER J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ozonolysis
Authors: ZVILICHOVSKY G. , ZVILICHOVSKY B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Electrochemistry of Hydroxyl Groups and Ethers
Authors: SHONO T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organikum ‐ Organisch‐Chemisches Praktikum
Authors: BECKER H. G. O. , BERGER W. , DOMSCHKE G. , FANGHAENEL E. , FAUST J. , FISCHER M. , GENTZ F. , GEWALD K. , GLUCH R. , MAYER R. , MUELLER K. , PAVEL D. , SCHMIDT H. , SCHOLLBERG K. , SCHWETLICK K. , SEILER E. , ZEPPENFELD G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism and Kinetics of the Selective Hydrogenation of Ethyne and Ethene
Authors: BOS A. N. R. , WESTERTERP K. R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Kinetic Interpretation of Acids and Alcohols Influence on the Enantioselectivity in Enzyme‐Catalyzed Resolutions
Authors: HULT K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Elucidation and Derivatization of Hormaomycin, an Intercellular Signal Substance from Streptomyces griseoflavus
Authors: ZEECK A. , ROESSNER E. , RITZAU M. , HENNE P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystal‐Like Spectra from Disordered Systems as Obtained by High Field EPR
Authors: LEBEDEV YA. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Chemistry of Selected Classes of Alcohols, Ethers and Peroxides
Authors: GOLDBERG I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers and Peroxides
Authors: ECKERT‐MAKSIC M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometry of Alcohols and Ethers
Authors: TURECEK F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The research on the effect of MgCO3 on the grain refinement in AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Gao S.‐Y. , Cui J.‐Z. , Li Q.‐C. , Zhang Z.‐Q.
Published: September 2010

The effect of MgCO3 addition on the as‐cast microstructure of AZ31 magnesium alloy has been widely investigated. The results show that the average grain size of the α‐Mg grain in AZ31 magnesium alloy decreases from about 570 μm to 100 μm by the addition of 0.6 wt.% MgCO3 as gain refiner at 760°C. Based on the analysis of EDS, theoretical calculation of Ebind and Gibbs free energy, we esteem that grain refiner mechanism is mainly attributed to the generation of Al4C3, which can be serviced as nucleation site and restrain grain boundary from growing and transferring.
Seasonal skill and predictability of ECMWF PROVOST ensembles
Authors: Branković Čedo , Palmer T. N.
Published: September 2010

Variations in seasonal‐forecasting skill and predictability during the 15 years (1979–93) of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) re‐analysis (ERA), have been studied using 120‐day ensemble integrations of the ECMWF model. These integrations form part of the European Union PROVOST (PRediction Of climate Variations On Seasonal to interannual Time‐scales) project. Observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were updated daily at the model's lower boundary. Two major and three moderate El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events occurred during the ERA period. Results are interpreted as giving an upper bound on the predictive skill of a coupled ocean‐atmosphere system as a function of season, location, and state of ENSO.

The model systematic error was found to be comparable with a typical amplitude of interannual variation. When standardized by the corresponding ERA anomaly variance, systematic error appears to be largest in boreal spring in the northern extratropics, and in boreal summer in the tropics.

Ensemble‐mean skill scores were found to be positive overall. Apart from the northern winter season, the ensemble‐mean skill for months 2–4 drops significantly when compared with months 1–3. The interannual variation of skill scores is much larger for the European region than for the hemispheric domain. Over the northern hemisphere, skill is much higher when only ENSO years are considered; for Europe, the enhancement in skill for ENSO years is much weaker.

Estimates of intrinsic predictability were made for each year of the dataset. These estimates, defined both by a t‐test and variance ratio, indicate generally high predictability in years when ENSO was strong. Apart from northern winter, the predictability estimates also showed a systematic drop between months 1–3 and months 2–4. It is therefore concluded that the fall in skill scores between months 1–3 and 2–4 indicates more a weakening of the impact of initial conditions (ICs) than, say, an increase in the effects of model error. In order to study this further, the relative impacts of SSTs and ICs, including land surface ICs, on interannual variation of precipitation have been examined in an additional set of experiments. Overall, SSTs have a dominant role, though the impact of ICs is not negligible.

The predictability of tropical and extratropical precipitation is also discussed. The level of skill for precipitation in the extratropics is generally lower than in the tropics. However, within the tropics there are regions where the precipitation exhibits chaotic behaviour and is correspondingly less predictable.
Impact of initial conditions on seasonal simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey L. , Ploshay Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2010

Many previous studies have examined the use of very long integrations of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as proxies for seasonal atmospheric predictions. These long simulations explore a boundary‐value problem in which significant deviations from the model's long‐term climatology must be a result of the SST forcing. Seasonal lead simulations starting with observed initial conditions (ICs) for the atmosphere and land surface while retaining observed SST forcing are an intermediate step between the pure boundary‐value problem and the pure initial‐value forecast problem in which SSTs are also predicted. As part of the Dynamical Seasonal Prediction (DSP) experiment, an ensemble of AGCM integrations with observed atmospheric ICs and model climatology land surface ICs was integrated from mid‐December through March for 16 years. These DSP simulation ensembles are compared to ensembles of long boundary‐value simulations from the same AGCM in a perfect‐model setting (no comparisons of simulations to observations are attempted). Significant differences must be due to the impact of the DSP ICs. Surprisingly large and long‐lived differences are found in both the mean and the variance of the ensembles. Many appear to occur because the ICs of the DSP runs are inconsistent with the AGCM climatology; an extended period of model ‘spin‐up’ is the result. Some differences are related to local impacts of the land surface ICs while others, like shifts in the distribution of tropical precipitation and a cooling of the northern hemisphere, are less obviously related to the ICs. The results suggest that care will be needed when inserting observed ICs into seasonal predictions in order to avoid the long‐term effects of model spin‐up.
MoO3 Evaporation Studies from Binary Systems towards Choice of Mo Precursors in EAF
Authors: Chychko A. , Teng L. , Seetharaman S.
Published: September 2010

The evaporation rate of molybdenum oxide from mixtures with CaO or MgO was studied in the temperature range 300‐1573 K. The investigations were carried out using high temperature X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. Further, additions of these precursors to molten steel in the laboratory scale and the Mo yield achieved were determined. The X‐ray studies show that the calcium molybdate is formed from the oxide mixture in the temperature interval 773‐873 K, which precedes the beginning of evaporation of MoO3. Results of thermogravimetric studies with mixtures CaO and MgO with MoO3 as well as the compounds CaMoO4 and MgMoO4 confirm the above results. Addition of various molybdenum precursors, viz. the mixtures of carbon with pure MoO3, CaMoO4 and MgMoO4, as well as oxide mixtures (CaO + MoO3, MgO + MoO3) show that the highest yield was observed for CaMoO4 + C and MoO3 + C mixtures, while MgO + C + MoO3 mixture showed much lower yield.
Importance of Kinetic Models in the Analysis of Steelmaking Reactions
Authors: Kitamura S.
Published: September 2010

In this paper, examples of the use of a kinetic model in the analysis of a steelmaking process will be discussed. In decarburization by BOF, the relation between C and O contents is different from that obtained by equilibrium calculations. By the use of kinetic models, it was clarified that the O content in the metal is controlled not only by the C content but also by the FeO activity in the slag. In the vacuum degassing process, the partial pressure calculated on the basis of the relation between C and O contents is much higher than the operation pressure. The kinetic model which considers the circulation between the molten steel in the vacuum vessel and that in the ladle is well known; furthermore, various decarburization mechanisms were proposed. Hot metal dephosphorization occurs under non‐equilibrium conditions because the oxygen potential of the slag and that of the hot metal are different. Process analysis is performed by considering the reaction kinetics based on the coupled reaction model. Recently, a new reaction model has been proposed; this model considers the solid slag, liquid slag, and liquid metal phases and the reaction between the solid and liquid slag, in addition to the reaction between the liquid slag and liquid metal.
Detection of bacterial and viral organisms from the conjunctiva of cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease
Authors: Hartmann Anja D. , Hawley Jennifer , Werckenthin Christiane , Lappin Michael R. , Hartmann Katrin
Published: September 2010

A variety of pathogens are involved in conjunctivitis in cats. In this study, the prevalence of feline herpesvirus (FHV), Chlamydophila felis, mycoplasmas, and aerobic bacteria on the conjunctival surface of cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and aerobic bacterial culture of ocular swabs. Forty-one cats were included of which 37 were found to be infected with an ocular organism. Single and multiple infections were present in 15 and 22 cats, respectively. FHV, mycoplasmas, and C felis were detected by PCR in 11 (27%), 20 (49%), and 23 (56%) cats, respectively. IFA detected 10 cats as positive for C felis. Mycoplasma felis, Mycoplasma canadense, Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma gateae, Mycoplasma lipophilum, and Mycoplasma hyopharyngis were identified by genetic sequencing. The most common aerobic bacteria cultured included Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species and Micrococcus species. The prevalence of mycoplasmas in cats with conjunctivitis was higher than previously reported, and four of the Mycoplasma species have not been described in cats so far.
CD3+ and BLA.36+ cells do not occur in the epidermis and adnexal epithelia of normal skin from the dorsolateral trunk of cats
Authors: Tranchina Michelle M. , Scott Danny W. , McDonough Sean P.
Published: September 2010

A small population of resident T-lymphocytes is present in the normal epidermis of humans, mice, and rats. However, resident epidermal lymphocytes have not been reported in the normal skin of the cat. Skin-biopsy specimens from the normal skin of the dorsolateral trunk from 30 cats were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for the presence of lymphocytes, CD3+ cells, and BLA.36+ cells in epidermis and adnexal epithelia. All examinations were negative. It appears that lymphocytes occur rarely, if at all, in the epidermis and adnexal epithelial of normal cat skin. Hence, the presence of lymphocytes in these structures should be considered abnormal.
(Mis)Using Dyadic Data to Analyze Multilateral Events
Authors: Poast Paul
Published: September 2010

Dyadic (state-pair) data is completely inappropriate for analyzing multilateral events (such as large alliances and major wars). Scholars, particularly in international relations, often divide the actors in a multilateral event into a series of dyadic relations. Though this practice can dramatically increase the size of data sets, using dyadic data to analyze what are, in reality, k-adic events leads to model misspecification and, inevitably, statistical bias. In short, one cannot recover a k-adic data generating process using dy-adic data. In this paper, I accomplish three tasks. First, I use Monte Carlo simulations to confirm that analyzing k-adic events with dyadic data produces substantial bias. Second, I show that choice-based sampling, as popularized by King and Zeng (2001a, Explaining rare events in international relations. International Organization 55:693–715, and 2001b, Logistic regression in rare events data. Political Analysis 9:137–63), can be used to create feasibly sized k-adic data sets. Finally, I use the study of alliance formation by Gibler and Wolford (2006, Alliances, then democracy: An examination of the relationship between regime type and alliance formation. The Journal of Conflict Resolution 50:1–25) to illustrate how to apply this choice-based sampling solution and explain how to code independent variables in a k-adic context.
Sitting Posture Decreases Collapsibility of the Passive Pharynx in Anesthetized Paralyzed Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Tagaito Yugo , Isono Shiroh , Tanaka Atsuko , Ishikawa Teruhiko , Nishino Takashi
Published: September 2010

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for difficult and/or impossible mask ventilation during anesthesia induction. Postural change from supine to sitting improves nocturnal breathing in patients with OSA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of patient position on collapsibility of the pharyngeal airway in anesthetized and paralyzed patients with OSA. The authors tested the hypothesis that the passive pharynx is structurally less collapsible during sitting than during supine posture.

Method

Total muscle paralysis was induced with general anesthesia in nine patients with OSA, eliminating neuromuscular factors contributing to pharyngeal patency. The cross-sectional area of the pharynx was measured endoscopically at different static airway pressures. Comparison of static pressure-area plots between the supine and sitting (62° head-up) allowed assessment of the postural differences of the mechanical properties of the pharynx.

Results

: Maximum cross-sectional area was greater during sitting than during supine posture at both retropalatal (median (10th-90th percentile): 1.91 (1.52-3.40) versus 1.25 (0.65-1.97) cm) and retroglossal (2.42 (1.72-3.84) versus 1.75 (0.47-2.35) cm) airways. Closing pressure of the passive pharynx was significantly lower during sitting than supine posture. Differences of the closing pressures between the postures are 5.89 (3.73-11.6) and 6.74 (4.16-9.87) cm H2O, at retropalatal and retroglossal airways, respectively, and did not differ between the pharyngeal segments.

Conclusions

Postural change from supine to sitting significantly improves collapsibility of pharyngeal airway in anesthetized and paralyzed patients with OSA.
Blastochloris gulmargensis sp. nov., isolated from an epilithic phototrophic biofilm
Authors: Venkata Ramana V. , Kapoor Shivali , Shobha E. , Ramprasad E. V. V. , Sasikala Ch. , Ramana Ch. V.
Published: September 2010

A novel Gram-negative, motile, bacteriochlorophyll b-containing purple non-sulfur bacterium, strain JA248T, was isolated from phototrophic enrichments of a yellow–green epilithic biofilm sample collected from Gulmarg, India. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JA248T was 63.8 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain JA248T had highest similarity to members of the genus Blastochloris and was closely related to Blastochloris sulfoviridis DSM 729T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Blastochloris viridis DSM 133T (98.4 %) of the class Alphaproteobacteria. Strain JA248T was characterized based on polyphasic taxonomy, and distinct phenotypic and molecular differences based on DNA–DNA hybridization (relatedness of <46.5 % with the two species of the genus Blastochloris), multilocus sequence analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence separated strain JA248T from other species of the genus Blastochloris. Strain JA248T therefore represents a novel species in the genus Blastochloris, for which the name Blastochloris gulmargensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA248T ( = JCM 14795T  = DSM 19786T).
Role of GacA in virulence of Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Gauthier Julie D. , Jones Melissa K. , Thiaville Patrick , Joseph Jennifer L. , Swain Rick A. , Krediet Cory J. , Gulig Paul A. , Teplitski Max , Wright Anita C.
Published: September 2010

The GacS/GacA two-component signal transduction system regulates virulence, biofilm formation and symbiosis in Vibrio species. The present study investigated this regulatory pathway in Vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen that causes life-threatening disease associated with the consumption of raw oysters and wound infections. Small non-coding RNAs (csrB1, csrB2, csrB3 and csrC) commonly regulated by the GacS/GacA pathway were decreased (P<0.0003) in a V. vulnificus CMCP6 ΔgacA : : aph mutant compared with the wild-type parent, and expression was restored by complementation of the gacA deletion mutation in trans. Of the 20 genes examined by RT-PCR, significant reductions in the transcript levels of the mutant in comparison with the wild-type strain were observed only for genes related to motility (flaA), stationary phase (rpoS) and protease (vvpE) (P=0.04, 0.01 and 0.002, respectively). Swimming motility, flagellation and opaque colony morphology indicative of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) were unchanged in the mutant, while cytotoxicity, protease activity, CPS phase variation and the ability to acquire iron were decreased compared with the wild-type (P<0.01). The role of gacA in virulence of V. vulnificus was also demonstrated by significant impairment in the ability of the mutant strain to cause either skin (P<0.0005) or systemic infections (P<0.02) in subcutaneously inoculated, non-iron-treated mice. However, the virulence of the mutant was equivalent to that of the wild-type in iron-treated mice, demonstrating that the GacA pathway in V. vulnificus regulates the virulence of this organism in an iron-dependent manner.
Microsatellite Instability in Arabidopsis Increases with Plant Development
Authors: Golubov Andrey , Yao Youli , Maheshwari Priti , Bilichak Andriy , Boyko Alex , Belzile François , Kovalchuk Igor
Published: September 2010

Plant development consists of the initial phase of intensive cell division followed by continuous genome endoreduplication, cell growth, and elongation. The maintenance of genome stability under these conditions is the main task performed by DNA repair and genome surveillance mechanisms. Our previous work showed that the rate of homologous recombination repair in older plants decreases. We hypothesized that this age-dependent decrease in the recombination rate is paralleled with other changes in DNA repair capacity. Here, we analyzed microsatellite stability using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants that carry the nonfunctional β-glucuronidase gene disrupted by microsatellite repeats. We found that microsatellite instability increased dramatically with plant age. We analyzed the contribution of various mechanisms to microsatellite instability, including replication errors and mistakes of DNA repair mechanisms such as mismatch repair, excision repair, and strand break repair. Analysis of total DNA polymerase activity using partially purified protein extracts showed an age-dependent decrease in activity and an increase in fidelity. Analysis of the steady-state RNA level of DNA replicative polymerases α, δ, Pol I-like A, and Pol I-like B and the expression of mutS homolog 2 (Msh2) and Msh6 showed an age-dependent decrease. An in vitro repair assay showed lower efficiency of nonhomologous end joining in older plants, paralleled by an increase in Ku70 gene expression. Thus, we assume that the more frequent involvement of nonhomologous end joining in strand break repair and the less efficient end-joining repair together with lower levels of mismatch repair activities may be the main contributors to the observed age-dependent increase in microsatellite instability.
Technology, cognition, and the academic librarian: a conference report
Authors: Urban Sandra
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on the Academic Librarians 2010 conference which took place in Ithaca on June 7‐8, 2010.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper summarizes important points made by the presenters at the Academic Librarians 2010 conference.

Findings

The NY 3R's Association and the Academic & Special Libraries Section of the New York Library Association organized a useful conference full of information about new technologies and how they can be used in libraries. These technologies can help academic librarians reach twenty‐first century learners.

Originality/value

Librarians must utilize new and upcoming technologies in order to reach twenty‐first century learners. They will be interested in what the presenters discussed, and in the resources each of them mentioned.
Livening virtual reference with screencasting and screen sharing
Authors: Steiner Heidi M.
Published: September 2010

Purpose

As the usage of virtual reference services continues to increase, libraries must consider ways to remedy the lack of ability to visually demonstrate during teaching moments when conducting reference transactions over e‐mail, instant messaging or chat, and text messaging. This paper seeks to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides a brief overview of a selection of free tools for screencasting and screen sharing, including Jing, Screencast‐o‐matic, Screencastle, Screenjelly, Dimdim, Yuuguu, and ShowMyPC.

Findings

The paper finds that each free tool has its positive and negative features, but with so many accessible options available, most libraries should be able to find a tool that will work for their needs.

Originality/value

The paper offers insight into the strong availability of free tools, many web‐based, for screencasting and screen sharing, providing an overview of the functionality of each.
Living alongside a volcano in Baliau, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Mercer Jessica , Kelman Ilan
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The paper aims to further understand the contribution of indigenous knowledge to disaster risk reduction through reviewing the experiences of Baliau village situated on Manam Island in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

Design/methodology/approach

Indigenous strategies for disaster risk reduction were identified through participatory group discussions with community members, including a strengths‐weaknesses‐opportunities‐threats analysis.

Findings

The paper outlines how indigenous knowledge was used for disaster risk reduction and to cope with enforced evacuation. It demonstrates the need for community consultation alongside the benefits of applying the sustainable livelihoods approach to better understand volcano‐related opportunities, rather than just focusing on the volcano's threats.

Practical implications

Indigenous knowledge has both relevance and applicability when applied to disaster risk reduction. Communities should be consulted at all stages of disaster risk reduction and disaster response in order to ensure the relevance and applicability of any strategy.

Originality/value

Through a new case study, this paper explores the contributions of indigenous knowledge to disaster risk reduction and outlines the disruption of evacuation upon indigenous communities. Lessons learnt for future evacuation and rehabilitation scenarios are outlined through application of the sustainable livelihoods approach.
Inland waterway resource and spill management needs in Southeastern USA
Authors: Camp Janey V. , Abkowitz Mark D. , LeBoeuf Eugene J.
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the issues faced by managers of inland waterways in the Southeastern USA as a guide for improvements to spill management information systems.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was administered to a group of over 300 professionals representing multiple organizations involved in water quality management and/or spill response in the Southeast region of the USA to query their perceptions on leading demands and issues faced in management of inland waterways both on a daily basis and during spill response efforts.

Findings

Survey results indicated that communication is often the “weak link” in both water management and spill response activities, and that enhanced spill management information tools could serve as a valuable resource in addressing this problem. Display of spatial/visual information was deemed to be especially important to spill response personnel and should be included in the next generation of spill response systems.

Research limitations/implications

The scope is limited to the Southeastern USA, but similar results would be expected in other regions where management of surface water is of concern.

Practical implications

In these trying economic times, the survey results serve to rank order decision‐support priorities to which available resources should be allocated and indicate areas of interest for improved support in both water resource management and spill response.

Originality/value

The paper provides the first documentation of the demands and decision‐support priorities of inland waterway resource managers and spill response personnel.