bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a novel porous Ag2O nanomaterial on ion exchange resin and its application for COD determination of high salinity water
Authors: Nguyen Trung Thanh , Nguyen Thi Quynh Anh , Le Ngoc Hang , Nguyen Nhat Huy
Published: June 2021

This study reports for the first time on the synthesis of novel resin@P-Ag2O material and its application for reducing the chloride effect on COD determination of high salinity water. This engineered core–shell nanomaterial with cationic ion exchange resin core and porous Ag2O shell was prepared by facile ion exchange and silver oxidation method at ambient temperature without using toxic chemicals. The material was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and SEM–EDX mapping. In the chloride removal test, this material gave a high adsorption capacity of ca. 244 mgCl/gAg at the mild condition with high durability after several adsorption–desorption cycles. Moreover, resin@P-Ag2O was applied for removing chloride in water to improve the accuracy of the SMEWW 5220C:2012 method for COD determination of high salinity water. The result showed that the COD of a water sample with salt content after being treated by the material had a low error (≤ 10%) as compared to the sample without salt. Meanwhile, the COD of salty water measured by the dilution method had an error of around 15%. These results indicate that resin@P-Ag2O material has a very potential application for chloride removal and COD determination of high salinity water.
Combination of gene set signatures correlates with response to nivolumab in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Murakami Ryusuke , Hamanishi Junzo , Brown J. B. , Abiko Kaoru , Yamanoi Koji , Taki Mana , Hosoe Yuko , Yamaguchi Ken , Baba Tsukasa , Matsumura Noriomi , Konishi Ikuo , Mandai Masaki
Published: June 2021

Based on our previous phase II clinical trial of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody nivolumab for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (n = 19, UMIN000005714), we aimed to identify the biomarkers predictive of response. Tumor gene expression was evaluated by proliferative, mesenchymal, differentiated, and immunoreactive gene signatures derived from high-grade serous carcinomas and a signature established prior for ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Resulting signature scores were statistically assessed with both univariate and multivariate approaches for correlation to clinical response. Analyses were performed to identify pathways differentially expressed by either the complete response (CR) or progressive disease (PD) patient groups. The clear cell gene signature was scored significantly higher in the CR group, and the proliferative gene signature had significantly higher scores in the PD group where nivolumab was not effective (respective p values 0.005 and 0.026). Combinations of gene signatures improved correlation with response, where a visual projection of immunoreactive, proliferative, and clear cell signatures differentiated clinical response. An applicable clinical response prediction formula was derived. Ovarian cancer-specific gene signatures and related pathway scores provide a robust preliminary indicator for ovarian cancer patients prior to anti-PD-1 therapy decisions.
A randomized trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine in hyperglycemic acute stroke patients receiving intensive care
Authors: Tang Sung-Chun , Shih Shyang-Rong , Lin Shin-Yi , Chen Chih-Hao , Yeh Shin-Joe , Tsai Li-Kai , Yang Wei-Shiung , Jeng Jiann-Shing
Published: June 2021

This pilot, randomized, open-label controlled study compared the basal–bolus regimens of insulin glargine (IG) and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in stroke patients with hyperglycemia receiving intensive care. The study recruited acute stroke patients requiring intensive care within 72 h (h) of onset and had blood glucose > 200 mg/dL. 50 patients received IG (n = 26) or NPH (n = 24) with added short-acting prandial regular insulin over a 72-h period. The primary end point was the percentage of glucose within 80–180 mg/dL assessed through continuous glucose monitoring. The baseline characteristics were comparable, except the IG had higher glucose pre-randomization than the NPH (290.69 ± 82.31 vs. 246.04 ± 41.76 mg/dL, P = 0.021). The percentage of time with glucose between 80 and 180 mg/dL was 45.88 ± 27.04% in the IG and 53.56 ± 22.89% in the NPH (P = 0.341) and the percentage of glucose reduction was 31.47 ± 17.52% in the IG and 27.28 ± 14.56% in the NPH (P = 0.374). The percentage of time with glucose < 60 mg/dL was 0.14 ± 0.49% in the IG and 0.47 ± 1.74% in the NPH. Poststroke outcomes were not significantly different. In conclusion, IG is safe and equally effective as an NPH-based basal-bolus regimen for acute stroke patients with hyperglycemia receiving intensive care.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02607943. Registered 18/11/2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02607943.
The predictive value of soluble osteoclast-associated receptor for the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Rong , Wang Jing , Xie Ling , Cai Hong-li , Zhang Yi , Zhang Qing
Published: June 2021

At present, prognostic biomarkers of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are fewer. The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of soluble osteoclast-associated receptor (sOSCAR) level for the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurring within 30 days after ACS. From January to August 2020, a total of 108 patients with ACS who were admitted to our hospital, were enrolled in this study. Of the 108 patients, 79 were men and 29 women. Patient-related data, including age, sex, body mass index, history of type 2 diabetes, history of hyperlipidemia and serum sOSCAR level, were collected. All patients were followed up for 30 days. Based on MACE occurrence, the 108 patients were divided into MACE group (n = 17) and non-MACE group (n = 91). The baseline data were compared between the two groups, MACE-independent risk factors were identified by multivariate regression analysis, and the predictive value of sOSCAR for MACE occurring within 30 days after CAS was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. At the same time, according to the type of ACS, the 108 patients with ACS were divided into unstable angina (UA) group (n = 29), non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (USTEMI) group (n = 45) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) group (n = 34), and then the sOSCAR level and MACE incidence were observed in each group. The serum sOSCAR level was significantly lower in the MACE group [130(100,183)] than in the non-MACE group [301(220,370)] (P = 0.000). The area under ROC curve of sOSCAR level for MACE occurring within 30 days after CAS was 0.860 with 95%CI 0.782–0.919, P < 0.001. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the sOSCAR level was an independent risk factor for the MACE occurring within 30 days after CAS (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.087–0.777, P = 0.04). The MACE incidence (0%) was the lowest but the sOSCAR level was the highest in the UA group, while in the STEMI group, the MACE incidence (23.53%) was the higest but the sOSCAR level was the lowest among the UA, STEMI and NSTEMI groups. Serum sOSCAR level may be used as a predictor of MACE occurring within the short-term after ACS. The higher the sOSCAR level, the lower the MACE incidence.
Interpretation of surficial shear crack propagation mechanisms in bending for Zn or AlSi coated hot press forming steels
Authors: Kim Selim , Jo Min Cheol , Kim Seongwoo , Oh Jinkeun , Kim Sang-Heon , Sohn Seok Su , Lee Sunghak
Published: June 2021

The bending angle at the peak load is regarded as the most important parameter for evaluating bending properties of hot-press-forming (HPF) steels. However, it is not a mechanics-based parameter for the bending criterion, and the data interpretation is difficult because bending criteria in relation with microstructures and associated bending mechanisms have not been verified yet. In this study, effects of coating and baking treatments on bending angles at the peak load of three kinds of 1470 MPa-grade HPF steels were investigated by interrupted three-point bending tests coupled with direct microstructural observation. According to direct observations of sequential cracking processes of V-shaped crack (V-crack), bending procedures were classified into four stages: (1) formation of small V-crack, (2) increase in number and size of V-cracks, (3) initiation of shear-crack propagation from the V-crack tip, and (4) further propagation and opening of the shear crack. The minimum bending angle required for initiating the shear-crack propagation from the V-crack tip was defined as a critical angle, which meant the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd stages. The present bending behavior related with critical bending angle and V-cracking could be interpreted similarly by the fracture-mechanics concept, i.e., the initiation of shear-crack propagation.
Fresh litter acts as a substantial phosphorus source of plant species appearing in primary succession on volcanic ash soil
Authors: Katayama Sae , Omori Takayuki , Tateno Masaki
Published: June 2021

Plants have difficulty absorbing phosphorus from volcanic ash soils owing to the adsorption of phosphorus by aluminum and iron in the soils. Thus, on volcanic ash soils, the phosphorus source for natural vegetation is expected to be organic matter, however, there is a lack of experimental evidence regarding this occurrence. Here, we studied the effect of organic matter on plant growth of some species that occur in primary successions of volcanic ash soil ecosystems, based on growth experiments and chemical analyses. We found that a large amount of inorganic phosphorus (but only a limited amount of inorganic nitrogen) is leached from fresh leaf litter of the pioneer spicesFallopia japonicaat the initial stage of litter decomposition. Phosphorus from the fresh litter specifically activated the growth of subsequently invading nitrogen-fixing alder when immature volcanic soil was used for cultivation. In contrast, old organic matter in mature soil was merely a minor source of phosphorus. These results suggest that fresh litter ofF. japonicais essential for growth of nitrogen-fixing alder because the litter supplies phosphorus. We consider that rapid phosphorus cycles in fresh litter-plant systems underlie the productivity of natural vegetation even in mature ecosystems established on volcanic ash soils.
Bone regeneration in ceramic scaffolds with variable concentrations of PDRN and rhBMP-2
Authors: Lim Ho-Kyung , Kwon Yeh-Jin , Hong Seok-Jin , Choi Hyo-Geun , Chung Sung-Min , Yang Byoung-Eun , Lee Jong-Ho , Byun Soo-Hwan
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated the bone regeneration capacity and mechanical properties of block-type hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds in response to different concentrations of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (rhBMP-2). Thirty-two male white rabbits were used as a model of calvarial bone defect and classified into eight groups according to type and concentration of growth factor administered, viz., control group (only HA/TCP scaffold), scaffold + PDRN (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL each) and scaffold + rhBMP-2 (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/mL each). The specimens were evaluated using histomorphometric and radiological analyses. Histomorphometric analyses indicated that the administration of PDRN did not increase bone formation. However, significant increases in bone formation were observed with the administration of rhBMP-2 at 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL on week 8 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Radiological analyses revealed a significant increase in bone formation at week 8 with the administration of PDRN at 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, and rhBMP-2 at 0.05 or 0.10 mg/mL compared to the control (p < 0.05). Our findings show that block-type HA/TCP scaffolds possess sufficient mechanical strength and bone regeneration capacity when used with optimal concentrations of growth factors.
Author Correction: Emergence of network effects and predictability in the judicial system
Authors: Mones Enys , Sapieżyński Piotr , Thordal Simon , Olsen Henrik Palmer , Lehmann Sune
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Lineage-level divergence of copepod glycerol transporters and the emergence of isoform-specific trafficking regulation
Authors: Catalán-García Marc , Chauvigné François , Stavang Jon Anders , Nilsen Frank , Cerdà Joan , Finn Roderick Nigel
Published: May 2021

Transmembrane conductance of small uncharged solutes such as glycerol typically occurs through aquaglyceroporins (Glps), which are commonly encoded by multiple genes in metazoan organisms. To date, however, little is known concerning the evolution of Glps in Crustacea or what forces might underly such apparent gene redundancy. Here, we show that Glp evolution in Crustacea is highly divergent, ranging from single copy genes in species of pedunculate barnacles, tadpole shrimps, isopods, amphipods and decapods to up to 10 copies in diplostracan water fleas although with monophyletic origins in each lineage. By contrast the evolution of Glps in Copepoda appears to be polyphyletic, with surprisingly high rates of gene duplication occurring in a genera- and species-specific manner. Based upon functional experiments on the Glps from a parasitic copepod (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), we show that such lineage-level gene duplication and splice variation is coupled with a high rate of neofunctionalization. In the case of L. salmonis, splice variation of a given gene resulted in tissue- or sex-specific expression of the channels, with each variant evolving unique sites for protein kinase C (PKC)- or protein kinase A (PKA)-regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking. The combined data sets thus reveal that mutations favouring a high fidelity control of intracellular trafficking regulation can be a selection force for the evolution and retention of multiple Glps in copepods.
North Atlantic warming over six decades drives decreases in krill abundance with no associated range shift
Authors: Edwards Martin , Hélaouët Pierre , Goberville Eric , Lindley Alistair , Tarling Geraint A. , Burrows Michael T. , Atkinson Angus
Published: May 2021

In the North Atlantic, euphausiids (krill) form a major link between primary production and predators including commercially exploited fish. This basin is warming very rapidly, with species expected to shift northwards following their thermal tolerances. Here we show, however, that there has been a 50% decline in surface krill abundance over the last 60 years that occurred in situ, with no associated range shift. While we relate these changes to the warming climate, our study is the first to document an in situ squeeze on living space within this system. The warmer isotherms are shifting measurably northwards but cooler isotherms have remained relatively static, stalled by the subpolar fronts in the NW Atlantic. Consequently the two temperatures defining the core of krill distribution (7–13 °C) were 8° of latitude apart 60 years ago but are presently only 4° apart. Over the 60 year period the core latitudinal distribution of euphausiids has remained relatively stable so a ‘habitat squeeze’, with loss of 4° of latitude in living space, could explain the decline in krill. This highlights that, as the temperature warms, not all species can track isotherms and shift northward at the same rate with both losers and winners emerging under the ‘Atlantification’ of the sub-Arctic.
Genome of the fatal tapeworm Sparganum proliferum uncovers mechanisms for cryptic life cycle and aberrant larval proliferation
Authors: Kikuchi Taisei , Dayi Mehmet , Hunt Vicky L. , Ishiwata Kenji , Toyoda Atsushi , Kounosu Asuka , Sun Simo , Maeda Yasunobu , Kondo Yoko , de Noya Belkisyole Alarcon , Noya Oscar , Kojima Somei , Kuramochi Toshiaki , Maruyama Haruhiko
Published: May 2021

The cryptic parasite Sparganum proliferum proliferates in humans and invades tissues and organs. Only scattered cases have been reported, but S. proliferum infection is always fatal. However, S. proliferum’s phylogeny and life cycle remain enigmatic. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships between S. proliferum and other cestode species, and to examine the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity, we sequenced the entire genomes of S. proliferum and a closely related non–life-threatening tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Additionally, we performed larvae transcriptome analyses of S. proliferum plerocercoid to identify genes involved in asexual reproduction in the host. The genome sequences confirmed that the S. proliferum has experienced a clearly distinct evolutionary history from S. erinaceieuropaei. Moreover, we found that nonordinal extracellular matrix coordination allows asexual reproduction in the host, and loss of sexual maturity in S. proliferum are responsible for its fatal pathogenicity to humans. Our high-quality reference genome sequences should be valuable for future studies of pseudophyllidean tapeworm biology and parasitism.
A novel theranostic activity-based probe targeting kallikrein 7 for the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases
Authors: Bisyris Evangelos , Zingkou Eleni , Kordopati Golfo G. , Matsoukas Minos , Magriotis Plato A. , Pampalakis Georgios , Sotiropoulou Georgia
Published: June 2021

Enzyme specific inhibitors can be designed based on endogenous substrate peptide motifs and modified to yield specific activity-based probes (ABPs). The development/validation of a theranostic ABP-inhibitor prototype for KLK7 protease is presented.
Correction: Assembly of fluorinated chromanones via enantioselective tandem reaction
Authors: Lu Mengxue , Xiong Zongli , Zhou Yuqiao , Wang Xin , Li Xiaoyi , Duan Jingxiang , Yao Weijun , Xia Yi , Wang Zhen
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘Assembly of fluorinated chromanones via enantioselective tandem reaction’ by Mengxue Lu et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 4722–4725, DOI: 10.1039/D1CC01187A.
Infrequent metadynamics study of rare-event electrostatic channeling
Authors: Xie Yan , Calabrese Barton Scott
Published: May 2021

Using infrequent metadynamics, rare-event electrostatic channeling of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is studied on cationic polypeptides. Poly-arginine peptides appear to be more efficient than poly-lysine at electrostatically transferring G6P.
Raman and ROA analyses of twisted anthracenes: connecting vibrational and electronic/photonic structures
Authors: Palomo Luis , Gordillo Gámez Fernando , Bedi Anjan , Gidron Ori , Casado Juan , Ramírez Francisco J.
Published: May 2021

In this article the Raman and Raman Optical Activity (ROA) spectra of a series of enantiomeric twisted anthracenes are presented.
The interface between chloroaluminum phthalocyanine and titanium dioxide: the influence of surface defects and substrate termination
Authors: Polek Małgorzata , Basova Tamara V. , Chassé Thomas , Peisert Heiko
Published: May 2021

Interface properties of AlClPc on rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) depend crucially on the substrate termination and preparation. The most important interaction channel involves the nitrogen atoms of the phthalocyanine macrocycle.
Advancement in functionalized luminescent frameworks and their prospective applications as inkjet-printed sensors and anti-counterfeit materials
Authors: Hazra Abhijit , Mondal Udayan , Mandal Sukdeb , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: June 2021

A state-of-the-art progression on inkjet-printed luminescent supramolecular conjugated architectures with phenomenal photophysical properties for anti-counterfeiting application and sensory platform formulation for recognition of perilous analytes.
Insights into the structural variations in SmNb1−xTaxO4 and HoNb1−xTaxO4 combined experimental and computational studies
Authors: Mullens Bryce G. , Avdeev Maxim , Brand Helen E. A. , Mondal S. , Vaitheeswaran G. , Kennedy Brendan J.
Published: June 2021

The impact of Ta doping on two orthoniobates SmNbO4 and HoNbO4 has been studied using a combination of high-resolution powder diffraction and Density-Functional Theory calculations.
A new acentric borate–nitrate Cs3B8O13(NO3) with interpenetrating porous 3D covalent and ionic lattices
Authors: Chen Zilong , Wu Chengfa , Zeng Hao , Yu Feng
Published: June 2021

A new acentric borate–nitrate Cs3B8O13(NO3) with interpenetrating porous [B8O13]∞ covalent and [(NO3)Cs3]∞ ionic lattices.
Application of a H2-based MBfR in advanced nitrogen removal from real municipal secondary effluent
Authors: Lv Pan-Long , Han Yu-Lin , Li Zi-Yan , Daigger Glen T. , Zhao He-Ping
Published: June 2021

A potentially scalable configuration of a H2-based MBfR was developed in this study to test the feasibility of treating real secondary effluent.
Leucine, but not isoleucine or valine, affects serum lipid profiles and browning of WAT in mice
Authors: Zhou Xinbo , Chen Jiayi , Sun Bo , Wang Zhishen , Zhu Jialiang , Yue Zhiyuan , Zhang Yiming , Shan Anshan , Ma Qingquan , Wang Jiali
Published: June 2021

Leu supplementation, but not isoleucine or valine, worsened serum lipid profiles and promoted browning of WAT.
Bioactive extracts from persimmon waste: influence of extraction conditions and ripeness
Authors: Méndez Daniel Alexander , Fabra María José , Falcó Irene , Sánchez Gloria , Aranaz Paula , Vettorazzi Ariane , Ribas-Agustí Albert , González-Navarro Carlos Javier , Castellari Massimo , Martínez-Abad Antonio , López-Rubio Amparo
Published: June 2021

Process conditions were optimized to obtain a persimmon waste extract from immature fruits very rich in gallic acid and hesperidin and showing antiviral and anti-lipogenic activity.
Nanolipoprotein particles for co-delivery of cystine-knot peptides and Fab–based therapeutics
Authors: Darwish Martine , Gao Xinxin , Shatz Whitney , Li Hong , Lin May , Franke Yvonne , Tam Christine , Mortara Kyle , Zilberleyb Inna , Hannoush Rami N. , Blanchette Craig
Published: June 2021

Nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) have been evaluated as a delivery vehicle for a variety of molecules of therapeutic interest.
Facile fabrication of carbon-coated spinel nickel–cobalt–sulfide hollow spheres to achieve high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Zhongbing , Hao Yonghao , Zhang Wenjun , Fang Jingyuan , Chen Chunnian
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a simple method to prepare carbon-coated spinel nickel–cobalt–sulfide metal hollow spheres with excellent electrochemical properties.
Metal-doped carbon nitrides: synthesis, structure and applications
Authors: Bai Yuhan , Zheng Yongjun , Wang Zhuang , Hong Qing , Liu Songqin , Shen Yanfei , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: May 2021

This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of the latest progress of M–CN, which would promote further development, such as for single-atom catalysis and nanozymatic reactions.
An effective NIR laser/tumor-microenvironment co-responsive cancer theranostic nanoplatform with multi-modal imaging and therapies
Authors: Cheng Hanlong , Wang Xueyan , Liu Xuan , Wang Xin , Wen Hao , Cheng Yinkai , Xie Anjian , Shen Yuhua , Tang Rupei , Zhu Manzhou
Published: June 2021

An effective cancer therapeutic nanoplatform with multi-modal imaging and synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy/ferroptosis.
Design, synthesis and comparison of water-soluble phthalocyanine/porphyrin analogues and their inhibition effects on Aβ42 fibrillization
Authors: Xu Weiyuan , Gao Chao , Sun Xinyang , Tai William Chi-Shing , Lung Hong Lok , Law Ga-Lai
Published: June 2021

A series of ZnPorp and ZnPc conjugates were synthesized and compared by their inhibitory effects on Aβ42 fibrillization. We show that ZnPc conjugates designed with a good hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance are deemed as better inhibitors.
Engineering flexible carbon nanofiber concatenated MOF-derived hollow octahedral CoFe2O4 as an anode material for enhanced lithium storage
Authors: Xue Fangfang , Li Yangyang , Liu Chen , Zhang Zhigang , Lin Jun , Hao Junyang , Li Qiuhong
Published: June 2021

We constructed a necklace-like structure consisting of hollow CoFe2O4 octahedral nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers (CoFe2O4@CNFs), which deliver an excellent electrochemical performance as free-standing anodes for LIBs.
Ultrasensitive biosensing platform based on luminescence quenching ability of fullerenol quantum dots
Authors: Li Hui , Pang Hua , Zhang Liangxiao , Mao Jin , Zhang Wen , Jiang Jun , Li Peiwu , Zhang Qi
Published: June 2021

An ultrasensitive DNA biosensor based on the fluorescence quenching ability of FOQDs towards FAM–ssDNA through π–π stacking interactions between ssDNA and FOQDs.
Lignin-derived 3D porous graphene on carbon cloth for flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Xinzhi , Jin Hong , Qu Wangda
Published: June 2021

Lignin was directly grown on carbon cloth via laser writing to form 3D porous graphene for flexible supercapacitors.
Roles of solution concentration and shear rate in the shear-induced crystallization of P3HT
Authors: He Jiaxin , Liu Ying , Liu Fengquan , Zhou Jianjun , Huo Hong
Published: June 2021

The shear temperature and solution concentration determine the FIP content. Increasing FIPs can accelerate the crystallization kinetics and change the crystallization mechanism from a second-order to a first-order reaction.
Remodeling of the tumor microenvironment using an engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus improves PD-L1 inhibition outcomes
Authors: Lou Jiaying , Dong Jialin , Xu Ruijun , Zeng Hui , Fang Lijuan , Wu Yi , Liu Yang , Wang Shibing
Published: June 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapies have vastly improved therapeutic outcomes for patients with certain cancer types, but these responses only manifest in a small percentage of all cancer patients. The goal of the present study was to improve checkpoint therapy efficacy by utilizing an engineered vaccinia virus to improve the trafficking of lymphocytes to the tumor, given that such lymphocyte trafficking is positively correlated with patient checkpoint inhibitor response rates. We developed an oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) platform expressing manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) for use as both a monotherapy and together with anti-PD-L1. Intratumoral OVV-MnSOD injection in immunocompetent mice resulted in inflammation within poorly immunogenic tumors, thereby facilitating marked tumor regression. OVV-MnSOD administration together with anti-PD-L1 further improved antitumor therapy outcomes in models in which these monotherapy approaches were ineffective. Overall, our results emphasize the value of further studying these therapeutic approaches in patients with minimally or non-inflammatory tumors.
Latest update on chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets
Authors: Lai Wing Yee , Mueller Anja
Published: June 2021

The chemokine system plays a fundamental role in a diverse range of physiological processes, such as homeostasis and immune responses. Dysregulation in the chemokine system has been linked to inflammatory diseases and cancer, which renders chemokine receptors to be considered as therapeutic targets. In the past two decades, around 45 drugs targeting chemokine receptors have been developed, yet only three are clinically approved. The challenging factors include the limited understanding of aberrant chemokine signalling in malignant diseases, high redundancy of the chemokine system, differences between cell types and non-specific binding of the chemokine receptor antagonists due to the broad ligand-binding pockets. In recent years, emerging studies attempt to characterise the chemokine ligand–receptor interactions and the downstream signalling protein–protein interactions, aiming to fine tuning to the promiscuous interplay of the chemokine system for the development of precision medicine. This review will outline the updates on the mechanistic insights in the chemokine system and propose some potential strategies in the future development of targeted therapy.
Progesterone receptors in normal breast development and breast cancer
Authors: Giulianelli Sebastian , Lamb Caroline A. , Lanari Claudia
Published: June 2021

Progesterone receptors (PR) play a pivotal role in many female reproductive tissues such as the uterus, the ovary, and the mammary gland (MG). Moreover, PR play a key role in breast cancer growth and progression. This has led to the development and study of different progestins and antiprogestins, many of which are currently being tested in clinical trials for cancer treatment. Recent reviews have addressed the role of PR in MG development, carcinogenesis, and breast cancer growth. Thus, in this review, in addition to making an overview on PR action in normal and tumor breast, the focus has been put on highlighting the still unresolved topics on hormone treatment involving PR isoforms and breast cancer prognosis.
Steroid receptor-coregulator transcriptional complexes: new insights from CryoEM
Authors: Yi Ping , Yu Xinzhe , Wang Zhao , O'Malley Bert W.
Published: June 2021

Steroid receptors activate gene transcription through recruitment of a number of coregulators to facilitate histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and general transcription machinery stabilization. Understanding the structures of full-length steroid receptor and coregulatory complexes has been difficult due to their large molecular sizes and dynamic structural conformations. Recent developments in cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) technology and proteomics have advanced the structural studies of steroid receptor complexes. Here, we will review the insights we learned from cryoEM studies of the estrogen and androgen receptor transcriptional complexes. Despite similar domain organizations, the two receptors have different coregulator interaction modes. The cryoEM structures now have revealed the fundamental differences between the two receptors and their functional mechanisms.
The Association Between Upper Airway Patency and Speaking Valve Trial Tolerance for Patients With Tracheostomy: A Clinical Retrospective Study and an In Vitro Study
Authors: Li Jie , Perez Andrew , Schehl Joan , Albers Allison , Husain Inna A.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Upper airway patency is crucial in a patient's ability to tolerate a one-way speaking valve (SV). Traditional assessment of airway patency is mainly subjective. We developed four noninvasive methods to assess patency (leak volume, transtracheal pressure [TTP], end-tidal CO
2
, and Mallampati score) in our institution. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the four methods and explore the relationship between the patient's upper airway patency and SV trial tolerance.

Method

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to enroll adult patients with tracheostomies eligible for an SV trial from April 2019 through January 2020. An in vitro study was also implemented to explore the relationship between upper airway patency and noninvasive measurements.

Results

Forty patients (22 men and 18 women) were included; 16 used SV in-line with mechanical ventilation. Twenty-four patients tolerated an SV trial of > 10 min; they had lower TTP (3.0 [2.0–9.0] vs. 15.0 [9.3–21.3] cm H
2
O,
p
< .001), higher leak volume (268.5 ± 177.2 vs. 88.6 ± 99.6 ml,
p
= .038), and lower percentage of patients with Mallampati Classification IV (16.7 vs. 50.0%,
p
= .035), compared to the 16 patients who did not tolerate an SV trial. Twenty-two patients with a TTP of ≤ 9 cm H
2
O had higher percentage tolerating an SV trial than those with a TTP of > 9 cm H
2
O (86.4 vs. 35.3%,
p
= .002). The in vitro study demonstrated a strong correlation between upper airway patency and TTP, peak inspiratory flow, and tidal volume inhaled from the upper airway.

Conclusions

TTP, Mallampati classification, and leak volume can be used to assess upper airway patency for adult patients with tracheostomies undergoing an SV trial. A TTP of ≤ 9 cm H
2
O might indicate adequate upper airway patency to tolerate the SV trial.
Dual segmentation approximate multiplier
Authors: Li Ling , Hammad Issam , El‐Sankary Kamal
Published: June 2021

This letter proposes a new design for a dual segmentation approximate multiplier. The proposed approximate multiplier uses the static segment method (SSM) to select an initial multiplication segment. Following that, the dynamic segment method (DSM) is utilized to further reduce the initial segment size. Using only the DSM segmenter leads to reduced performance gains. Therefore, the proposed multiplier uses a mixture of the SSM and DSM approaches. Compared to the DSM approach, the proposed design can reduce the energy by 37.90% for 32‐bit multipliers, and by 16.68% for 16‐bit multipliers. The DSM and proposed multipliers have almost identical accuracy.
Forming pressure traps at the snow line to isolate isotopic reservoirs in the absence of a planet
Authors: Charnoz S. , Avice G. , Hyodo R. , Pignatale F. C. , Chaussidon M.
Published: June 2021

Context.Pressure maxima are regions in protoplanetary disks in which pebbles can be trapped because the regions have no local pressure gradient. These regions could be ideal places in which planetesimals might be formed or to isotopic reservoirs might be isolated. Observations of protoplanetary disks show that dusty ring structures are common, and pressure maxima are sometimes invoked as a possible explanation. In our Solar System, pressure bumps have been suggested as a possible mechanism for separating reservoirs with different nucleosynthetic compositions that are identified among chondrites and iron meteorites. In this paper, we detail a mechanism by which pressure maxima form just inward of the snow line in stratified disks (with a dead zone and an active layer). This mechanism does not require the presence of a planet.

Aims.We investigate the conditions for the formation of pressure maxima using a vertically averagedαviscosity model and release of water vapor at the snow line.

Methods.We considered a 1Dαdisk model. Using a combination of analytical and numerical investigations, we explored the range of conditions for a pressure maximum to form inside the dead zone and just inward of the snow line.

Results.When the vertically averagedαis a decreasing function of the surface density, then the release of water vapor at the snow line decreases the sound velocity, and a pressure bump appears in turn. This requires a constant inflow of icy pebbles with a ratio of the pebble influx to gas influx >0.6 for a power-law disk with a 1% ice-to-gas ratio, and >1.8 for a disk with an ice-to-gas ratio ~0.3%. If these conditions are met, then a pressure maximum appears just inward of the snow line due to a process that couples the dead and active layers at the evaporation front. The pressure bump survives as long as the icy pebble flux is high enough. The formation of the pressure bump is triggered by the decrease in sound velocity inward of the snow line through the release of water vapor.

Conclusions.This mechanism is promising for isolating early reservoirs carrying different isotopic signatures in the Solar System and for promoting dry planetesimal formation inward of the snow line, provided the vertically averaged description of a dead zone is valid.
Tempestuous life beyond R500: X-ray view on the Coma cluster with SRG/eROSITA
Authors: Churazov E. , Khabibullin I. , Lyskova N. , Sunyaev R. , Bykov A. M.
Published: May 2021

This is the first paper in a series of studies of the Coma cluster using the SRG/eROSITA X-ray data obtained in the course of the calibration and performance verification observations. The data cover a ~3° × 3° area around the cluster with a typical exposure time of more than 20 ks. The stability of the instrumental background and operation of the SRG observatory in the scanning mode provided us with an excellent data set for studies of the diffuse emission up to a distance of ~1.5R200 from the Coma center. In this study, we discuss the rich morphology revealed by the X-ray observations (also in combination with the SZ data) and argue that the most salient features can be naturally explained by a recent (ongoing) merger with the NGC 4839 group. In particular, we identify a faint X-ray bridge connecting the group with the cluster, which is convincing proof that NGC 4839 has already crossed the main cluster. The gas in the Coma core went through two shocks, first through the shock driven by NGC 4839 during its first passage through the cluster some gigayear ago and, more recently, through the “mini-accretion shock” associated with the gas settling back to quasi-hydrostatic equilibrium in the core. After passing through the primary shock, the gas should spend much of the time in a rarefaction region, where radiative losses of electrons are small, until the gas is compressed again by the mini-accretion shock. Unlike “runway” merger shocks, the mini-accretion shock does not feature a rarefaction region downstream and, therefore, the radio emission can survive longer. Such a two-stage process might explain the formation of the radio halo in the Coma cluster.
Biosignatures of the Earth
Authors: Patty C. H. Lucas , Kühn Jonas G. , Lambrev Petar H. , Spadaccia Stefano , Jens Hoeijmakers H. , Keller Christoph , Mulder Willeke , Pallichadath Vidhya , Poch Olivier , Snik Frans , Stam Daphne M. , Pommerol Antoine , Demory Brice-Olivier
Published: June 2021

Context.Homochirality is a generic and unique property of life on Earth and is considered a universal and agnostic biosignature. Homochirality induces fractional circular polarization in the incident light that it reflects. Because this circularly polarized light can be sensed remotely, it can be one of the most compelling candidate biosignatures in life detection missions. While there are also other sources of circular polarization, these result in spectrally flat signals with lower magnitude. Additionally, circular polarization can be a valuable tool in Earth remote sensing because the circular polarization signal directly relates to vegetation physiology.

Aims.While high-quality circular polarization measurements can be obtained in the laboratory and under semi-static conditions in the field, there has been a significant gap to more realistic remote sensing conditions.

Methods.In this study, we present sensitive circular spectropolarimetric measurements of various landscape elements taken from a fast-moving helicopter.

Results.We demonstrate that during flight, within mere seconds of measurements, we can differentiate (S∕N> 5) between grass fields, forests, and abiotic urban areas. Importantly, we show that with only nonzero circular polarization as a discriminant, photosynthetic organisms can even be measured in lakes.

Conclusions.Circular spectropolarimetry can be a powerful technique to detect life beyond Earth, and we emphasize the potential of utilizing circular spectropolarimetry as a remote sensing tool to characterize and monitor in detail the vegetation physiology and terrain features of Earth itself.
Numerical approximation of the shallow water equations with coriolis source term
Authors: Audusse E. , Dubos V. , Duran A. , Gaveau N. , Nasseri Y. , Penel Y.
Published: June 2021

We investigate in this work a class of numerical schemes dedicated to the non-linear Shallow Water equations with topography and Coriolis force. The proposed algorithms rely on Finite Volume approximations formulated on collocated and staggered meshes, involving appropriate diffusion terms in the numerical fluxes, expressed as discrete versions of the linear geostrophic balance. It follows that, contrary to standard Finite-Volume approaches, the linear versions of the proposed schemes provide a relevant approximation of the geostrophic equilibrium. We also show that the resulting methods ensure semi-discrete energy estimates. Numerical experiments exhibit the efficiency of the approach in the presence of Coriolis force close to the geostrophic balance, especially at low Froude number regimes.
Problems of the formation of public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: regional aspect
Authors: Rosenko Mariya Ivanovna , Skrebets Elena Vladimirovna , Goryachih Maria Vladimirovna , Pasternak Sofia Valerievna , Ruiz Medrano Irasema Marisol
Published: May 2021

The article examines the current problems of improving the legal norms governing elections of the highest officials of Russian Federal entities, considers the problematic issues of the implementation of electoral mechanisms in the context of the subjects of the nomination of candidates, the features of the legal regulation of the institution of self-nomination in the elections of the highest official of Russian Federal entities. The authors analyze the legal norms that regulate the procedure for collecting signatures in support of candidates nominated by various subjects, consider the organizational and legal norms that regulate the procedure for recalling the highest official of the Russian Federation, and suggest ways to improve the regulatory and legal regulation of the election of the highest official of the Russian Federal entity.
Biopolitics, biotechnologies, biomedicine, and biolaw as forms of bioregulation
Authors: Mokhov Aleksandr Anatolyevich , Levushkin Anatolii Nikolaevich , Yavorskiy Aleksander Nikolaevich
Published: May 2021

Modern science, education, and medicine are increasingly becoming the primary agents of biopolitics. Biomedicine is emerging, and before our eyes, it is becoming a part of the social sphere and, in the long term, a part of the new economic order and one of the state’s main agents of biopolitics. In this regard, attention to ethical and legal issues in biomedicine will only increase in the coming years. The study’s objective was to determine the role and legal nature of biotechnologies, biopolitics, biomedicine, bioethics, and biolaw as forms of bioregulation. The methodological basis of this work was provided by general scientific methods of cognition of legal phenomena, such as synthesis, the method of analogy, formal logic, and others, as well as private, scientific methods of research of biotechnology, biopolitics, biomedicine, bioethics, and biolaw as forms of bioregulation. The issue is considered from the perspective of the concept of four “BIOs”: biotechnology-biosafety-bioeconomics-biopolitics. It is concluded that the role of not only bioethics but also the emerging biolaw in the implementation of biopolitics, i.e., policies aimed at the development of the economy, social sphere, and society, taking into account the new realities formed under the onslaught of modern biological technologies, is significantly increasing. Progress in biology and medicine led to the need to combine scientific and theoretical, and socio-cultural knowledge to solve society’s problems, bioethics began to take shape. The authors propose the accelerated development of biolaw as a supra-sectoral legal formation, allowing from the perspective of a systematic approach to combining the achievements of both established sectoral legal sciences (administrative law, civil law, etc.) and medical law, pharmaceutical law to solve new problems, leveling of biological threats, risks, ensuring biological safety. The development of biolaw cannot be done without the interdisciplinary approach provided by links with bioethics, biology, medicine, economics, public health, healthcare, and others.
Updating the range of problems within legal risks in healthcare through the analysis of judicial practice
Authors: Sveredyuk Maksim Gennadievich
Published: May 2021

The identification and assessment of risk factors are facilitated by law administration and enforcement. Decisions of the judicial authorities constitute one of the directions. In this regard, first, the analysis and generalization of judicial practice show the range of problems of various aspects of activities, and second, it allows forming a model of suppressing or minimizing legal risks. Sociological research conducted from 2008 to 2020 by the Department of Healthcare Organization and Medical Law of the Regional State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education “Institute for Advanced Training of Healthcare Professionals” (Khabarovsk) revealed that these specialists had no idea about the number of litigations in so-called “medical cases”, or about the amounts recovered on claims of patients to medical organizations of the Khabarovsk Territory. Meanwhile, having information on the quantitative and summary indicators of court cases, it is possible to adjust interaction with patients at both pretrial and trial stages. The study aimed to analyze and summarize judicial practice in these cases, to selectively examine defects that served as the basis for filing claims and had an impact on the amounts recovered, as well as to form practical recommendations for the prevention of legal risks in the activities of a medical organization, based on a regional model. The relevance of the problem of legal risks of medical activity is shown from the standpoint of analysis and generalization of judicial practice. The article provides a statistical analysis of court proceedings on claims of patients for compensation for material damage and moral harm to medical organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory. A selective examination of the claims of patients is executed considering the impact on the reasons for legal recourse and the total amount recovered. Practical recommendations for regional healthcare institutions are annually formed and approved by the Minister of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory based on the results of the study.
Vandalism in the system of statutory evaluation: a comparative analysis of the Russian and German legislation
Authors: Blinova Olesya Aleksandrovna , Deviatovskaia Irina Vladimirovna , Babikova Marina Rashitovna , Isaev Yury Sergeevich
Published: May 2021

The article presents an experience of comparing the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and of the Federal Republic of Germany (Strafgesetzbuch), aimed at protecting social interaction and public order from vandalism. The purpose of the given comparison was an attempt to form a holistic treatment of the phenomenon of vandalism from the point of view of statutory evaluation. To make the comparison, a comparative legal analysis of the relevant norms was selected as a tool. As a result, the authors have identified the similarities and differences in the structure of legal norms, in the terminology, the existence of related norms protecting against encroachment on public order – those similar to antivandal measures, the specificity of public relations, as well as personal property rights. The prospect of further research on the legal status of vandalism in different countries has been outlined.