bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in College Student Health: Implications for Academic Performance
Authors: Ruthig Joelle C. , Marrone Sonia , Hladkyj Steve , Robinson-Epp Nancy
Published: May 2011

This study investigated the longitudinal associations of health perceptions and behaviors with subsequent academic performance among college students. Multiple health perceptions and behaviors were assessed for 203 college students both at the beginning and end of an academic year. Students’ academic performance was also measured at the end of the year. Separate regression analyses were conducted for men and women to examine changes in health perceptions and behaviors as predictors of yearend performance. Significant gender differences were found for initial health symptoms, perceived stress, exercise, and nutrition. After controlling for prior achievement, increased binge drinking negatively predicted female students’ academic performance and feelings of success; increased tobacco use negatively predicted male students’ performance. Male and female college students appear to differ in the ways that their health changes over an academic year as well as how such changes impact their later academic performance. Implications for devising health promotion programs that specifically target male and female college students’ health risks are discussed.
The Impact of Faculty and Staff on High-Risk College Student Persistence
Authors: Schreiner Laurie A. , Noel Patrice , Anderson Edward “Chip” , Cantwell Linda
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes and behaviors of faculty and staff that impact the success and persistence of highrisk students. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, 62 successful high-risk students from nine different colleges and universities were interviewed and asked to identify and describe someone on campus who had been most influential in their ability to persist. The 54 campus personnel who were identified by these students were interviewed twice to learn what they do to help students succeed and persist. Seven themes on how college personnel positively influence high-risk student success and persistence were identified.
Defining Campus Violence: A Phenomenological Analysis of Community Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Mayhew Matthew J. , Caldwell Rebecca J. , Goldman Emily Grey
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this study was to derive an empirically based understanding of campus violence. Grounded in a communication paradigm offered by sociolinguistic scholars, we adopted a phenomenological approach for conducting and analyzing 23 interviews from campus community stakeholders, including students, staff, faculty, administrators, and community experts in issues relating to violence. Participants were asked to describe campus violence; define “typical” victims and perpetrators of campus violence; explain the factors contributing to campus violence; and assess the current response of the university to campus violence. The perspectives of the community stakeholders were used to propose a description of the essence of campus violence. Implications for future research and policy development are addressed.
Emily's Heathcliff: Metaphysical Love in Dickinson and Brontë
Authors: Stonum Gary Lee
Published: May 2011

Emily Brontë in Wuthering Heights and Emily Dickinson throughout her writing both imagine romantic love in an extreme form, one belonging to the literary tradition studied by Denis de Rougemont and characterized by René Girard as metaphysical. The intensity of such love is measured and usually enhanced by the obstacles it faces from social and religious authority. Like Heathcliff and Catherine's, Dickinson's lovers find their very being in one another, but when they are separated by death the survivor can only yearn for a reunion in the afterlife. Brontë explicitly and Dickinson suggestively but less consistently imagine this reunion as the resumption of a childhood experience at once edenic and rebellious. The result in both writers is a three-part narrative arc: childhood bliss, adult separation and agony, sublime reunion.
"Dreamed of your meeting Tennyson in Ticknor and Fields - ": A Transatlantic Encounter with Britain's Poet Laureate
Authors: Finnerty Páraic
Published: May 2011

In an 1866 letter to her sister-in-law Susan Gilbert Dickinson, Dickinson wrote, "Dreamed of your meeting Tennyson in Ticknor and Fields - Where the Treasure is, there the Brain is also - " (L320). What is apparent in this enigmatic comment is that Sue and the English poet Tennyson are disparate, absent, and constitute parts of Dickinson's "Treasure," and that Dickinson's dreaming "Brain" has united them in the Boston publishing house of Ticknor and Fields. This provocative interconnection of Sue, Tennyson, and Ticknor and Fields reflects the likelihood that the friends read and discussed Tennyson's works and the fact that the majority of the editions of this poet that were shared between the two Dickinson households were published by Ticknor and Fields. This essay explores the implications of this dream of a transatlantic encounter between the woman who was one of the great loves of Dickinson's life and Britain's Poet Laureate. It speculates about why Dickinson specifically associates Sue with Tennyson, considering what Tennyson's name connoted in America at this time in the context of nineteenth-century literary celebrity and in relation to Dickinson's fears about publication and publicity. It then explores another connection between Sue and Tennyson from the early 1850s, when Tennyson was at the height of his fame, and Sue and Dickinson's relationship was at its most passionate and intense. It suggests that Dickinson's dream refers to her and Sue's reading of Tennyson's In Memoriam (1850) and speculates about the ways in which this text influenced the letters Dickinson wrote to Sue at this time, identifying shared themes, motifs, and ideas in Tennyson's and Dickinson's writings, as they articulate and spiritualize same-sex love through a discourse of mourning and death, loss, and deferred restoration.
Reading Dubliners Parabolically
Authors: Shashaty Jill
Published: May 2011

There are clues in "Aeolus" in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake I.vi indicating that Dubliners can be read not simply as a collection of stories but as a set of parables. Viewed in this way, Dubliners serves as a meditation on moral questions avoiding didacticism and instead reconnecting readers with ancient forms of ethical inquiry that are participatory and dialogic. Close readings of "Clay," "Araby," and "A Little Cloud," aided by contemporary parable scholarship, demonstrate how the stories of Dubliners resituate moral authority in a dialogic and open-ended exchange between storyteller and audience. The essay also examines Joyce's relationship to the Catholic Church by highlighting his use of the Bible as a resource for aesthetic forms and rhetorical modes.
Who Was Father Conroy?: James Joyce, William Rooney, and "The Priest of Adergool"
Authors: Shovlin Frank
Published: May 2011

This essay looks at the character of Father Conroy, who appears in both "The Dead" and Ulysses, and suggests a hitherto unacknowledged source for the surname "Conroy" in Joyce. This source, a poem by the early Sinn Feiner William Rooney entitled "The Priest of Adergool," first published in 1898 and collected in 1902, was written in homage to Father John Conroy, an executed hero of the 1798 rebellion in County Mayo. Joyce's decision to use the poem as a hidden background text further underlines the author's fascination with the 1798 rebellion and its centenary celebrations and highlights the profoundly allusive and intertextual nature of "The Dead."
Joyce World-Wide Intertext
Authors: Lernout Geert
Published: May 2011

Internet search engines have radically transformed the study of the intertextual nature of literary works. The ever-widening web of Google Books has made the hunt for Joyce's possible sources a lot less arduous, as the work on the Finnegans Wake notebooks has shown. A group of Wake scholars has been able to add greatly to the list of sources that had been identified by Vincent Deane, Daniel Ferrer, and Geert Lernout in their paper edition of the Wake notebooks. In addition, a few examples from Ulysses and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man demonstrate what internet search engines can accomplish, although it is essential to realize that, in this kind of work, critical discernment remains essential.
"Whole Only Holes Tied Together": Joyce and the Paradox of Summary
Authors: Conley Tim
Published: May 2011

Joyce's writing is at odds with the fairly common critical view of modernism as a totalizing aesthetic, and thus it eludes and resists summary. When we speak of his work "as a whole," I argue, we are grasping at incomplete, contradictory, and multiple narratives of (to varying degrees) counterfactual persons and events, and we ought to reflect on the force of this "qualifying consideration" that Ulysses calls "the total sum of possible losses." However vexing, the inability to take Joyce "all in all" liberates the reader from the prospect of interpretation as a determinately teleological (and so very possibly oppressive) act.
Bishops and Their Position of Power in the Late Third Century CE: The Cases of Gregory Thaumaturgus and Paul of Samosata
Authors: Slootjes Daniëlle
Published: May 2011

This study offers an examination of the position and public role of bishops within their local urban communities in the late third century CE. Two case studies, of the bishops Gregory Thaumaturgus and Paul of Samosata, explore how individual bishops searched for a way to publicly present themselves that was acceptable not only to their own congregation but especially to the general population of the city where their congregation was situated. Whereas Gregory was received with great respect and admiration in Neocaesarea, Paul’s public behavior caused negative reactions from within the Christian community of Antioch. Nevertheless, both cases reflect the struggle by which the Christian church tried to obtain a firm position within Roman society. Furthermore, this study aims to demonstrate that bishops and the Christian communities that they represented enjoyed imperial recognition several decades prior to the conversion of Constantine.
Lucilla and the Bone: Remarks on an Early Testimony to the Cult of Relics
Authors: Wiśniewski Robert
Published: May 2011

This paper deals with the story of Lucilla of Carthage, described by Optatus of Milevis in his Contra Parmenianum 1.16.1, written between 364 and 367. According to Optatus, before the outbreak of the Diocletianic persecution Lucilla used to kiss a martyr’s bone before receiving the Eucharist. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that this episode cannot be considered a description of any actual late third-century custom, but rather as an exaggerated and grotesque presentation of certain practices contemporary to Optatus himself.
Between Commodification and Engagement: On the Double-Edged Impact of User-Generated Metadata within the Cultural Heritage Sector
Authors: van Hooland Seth , Rodríguez Eva Méndez , Boydens Isabelle
Published: May 2011

This article challenges common assumptions and opinions regarding the use of the social web by cultural heritage institutions by framing the phenomenon of user-generated metadata within the larger context of the commodification and the engagement process of our cultural heritage. Theoretical reflections on both the negative and positive long-term outcomes of the social web for libraries, archives, and museums are presented and confronted with empirical observations regarding the use of social tagging and user comments. This combination of a theoretical and an empirical approach will provide original insights into the long-term implications of user-generated metadata for cultural heritage institutions.
From Teacher to Learner to User: Developing a Digital Stewardship Pedagogy
Authors: Bastian Jeannette A. , Cloonan Michele V. , Harvey Ross
Published: May 2011

Addressing how the education of library, archival, and museum professionals influences the ways in which practitioners incorporate technology into user service environments, this article focuses on digital stewardship as a developing pedagogy. Digital stewardship encompasses, but is not limited to, the creation, maintenance, preservation, dissemination, and exhibition of a trusted body of digital information for current and future use. Pedagogy in this emerging area offers opportunities for experimentation and innovation that should have an impact on the ability of practitioners to interact with users and on the ways that users can become involved with and integrated into the construction of digital stewardship activities. The authors explore how this pedagogy can be applied in the classroom, in the laboratory, and in internships.
Issues in User-Centered Design in LIS
Authors: Bowler Leanne , Koshman Sherry , Oh Jung Sun , He Daqing , Callery Bernadette G. , Bowker Geof , Cox Richard J.
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this article is to survey the landscape of user-centered design in LIS. We begin the article by exploring the history of the "user-centered paradigm," looking first at the historical schism between behavioral science and computer science, and then surveying some of the methods of user-centered design. In the next section we present examples of technological artifacts that reflect the basic functions of information systems—artifacts designed to collect, organize, and retrieve information—as a way to present some of the difficulties and opportunities that surround the creations of user-centered design. Specifically, we look at how user-centered design relates to personal collections, social bookmarking, finding aids, Web interface design, information architecture, visualization systems, and personalization and adaptive search. The article then steps back and looks at design through the wider lens of values, asking the question, how are users represented (or misrepresented) through cultural, ethical, and political forces that influence information system design? The article concludes with a summary of the major issues to emerge from our survey of the current state of user-centered design and from this we extract some key lessons vis à vis research and teaching in LIS.
Retrocomputing, Archival Research, and Digital Heritage Preservation: A Computer Museum and iSchool Collaboration
Authors: Galloway Patricia
Published: May 2011

This article discusses the potential contributions of lay members of the public to the dialogue around the data/information/knowledge life-cycle in a community technology museum, the Goodwill Computer Museum in Austin, Texas. Through an examination of the museum's collaboration with the University of Texas School of Information, the article addresses the situation that arises when a museum is created by non(museum)-professionals who control considerable expertise in the subject field, and explores how the presence and collaboration of volunteers allows the museum to serve as a laboratory setting for the participation of academic researchers in the field of digital heritage preservation.
Recuerdos Hablados /Memories Spoken: Toward the Co-Creation of Digital Knowledge with Community Significance
Authors: Somerville Mary M. , EchoHawk Dana
Published: May 2011

Collaborative relationships among libraries, archives, and museums can fruitfully engage cultural community members in collaborative construction of digital knowledge. A continuum of co-creation approaches in the Center for Colorado & the West at Auraria Library illustrates the value of working together. The most mature community-generated initiative produces digital images with contextualizing metadata of cultural "significance." Examples suggest that inclusive, community-generated digital knowledge activities can shape interpretations and narratives of the past and present, thereby influencing construction of the future, as community members express their contexts, concepts, and truths. Concluding remarks consider implications for community-generated digital knowledge activities that give "voice" to underrepresented populations and suggest new directions for organizational purpose and professional practice.
Image as Interface: Consequences for Users of Museum Knowledge
Authors: de Rijcke Sarah , Beaulieu Anne
Published: May 2011

Photographs of objects are ubiquitous in the work and presentation of museums, whether in collection-management infrastructure or in Web-based communication. This article examines the use of images in these settings and traces how they function as interfaces and tools in the production of museum knowledge. Because images are not only the main material presented but also become multilayered objects on which to act in order to access or produce knowledge, they play a key role in the involvement of users with museums. This development is analyzed in the context of the Tropenmuseum (an ethnographic museum in Amsterdam, the Netherlands) based on an ethnographic study of visual practices at and about the museum. Drawing on science and technology studies and new media studies, our theoretically driven analysis demonstrates how images as interfaces provide networked contexts for museum knowledge. The various dimensions of images as interfaces in museums are explored through the questions: How are users engaged by these interfaces? Which skills and strategies are needed for this engagement? What are the consequences of visually mediated interfaces for users of digital knowledge in/about/from museums, archives, and other collections? These developments are discussed in terms of their consequences for how museums view their role.
Personal Expressive Bibliography in the Public Space of Cultural Heritage Institutions
Authors: Feinberg Melanie
Published: May 2011

Through their composition, arrangement and description, collections of objects and information resources, including those held by libraries, archives, and museums, tell a form of story; principles of selection, organization, and description produce an interpretive frame that shapes the meaning of each collection. Within cultural heritage institutions, however, such effects may run counter to longstanding goals and values. While interoperable information management systems, for example, facilitate universal access, the goal of interoperability constrains the generation of distinctively expressive descriptive systems. User-supplied collections of citations, however, are free to exploit a wider communicative potential of collecting and describing than those from the institutional perspective, and can provide an intriguing counterpoint to it. This article examines three means by which such personal, expressive bibliographies may communicate differently from institutional collections: through eclectic goals for collecting and describing, through a unique authorial voice, and through engagement with emotional experience. Expressive bibliographies that display such characteristics exhibit the combination of control and ambiguity that Umberto Eco (2009) calls the poetry of lists.
Balkan Geography and the De-Orientalization of Freud
Authors: Bjelić Dušan I.
Published: May 2011

The invention of the Balkans as Europe's subaltern pre-dates Freud, but he established future justification for curing the Balkans from its "Oriental Yoke." During a trip to the Balkans in the spring and summer of 1898, at the peak of his self-analysis, Freud encountered his repressed sexuality, but his forbidden desire helped him to craft the theory of the "unconscious." On the one hand, Freud relies on the Balkan subaltern and its potent libidinal force to challenge established sexual dogma and the morality of the European bourgeoisie; on the other hand, he declares the Balkans a dangerous zone—pathological, anal, "archaic," and in need of Oedipalization. During his visit to the Acropolis in 1904, Freud had a brief glimpse into Western colonial geography and Orientalism as its constitutive bias, but he failed to develop a proper response to it since he had regarded Orientalism to be part of being civilized and European.
Once-Daily Tacrolimus Extended-Release Formulation: 1 Year after Conversion in Stable Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Pape Lars , Heidotting Nele , Ahlenstiel Thurid
Published: May 2011

It is speculated that a once-daily dosage of immunosuppression can increase adherence and thereby graft survival. Until now, there have been no studies on once-daily use of Tacrolimus extended-release formulation (TAC-ER) in children following pediatric kidney transplantation. In 11 stable pediatric kidney recipients >10 years, efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a switch to TAC-ER were observed over one year. Adherence was determined by use of the BAASIS-Scale Interview and comparison of individual variability of Tacrolimus trough levels. Over the observation period, two acute rejections were observed in one girl with nonadherence and repeated Tacrolimus trough levels of 0 ng/m. Beside this, there were no acute rejections in this trial. TAC dose was increased in 3/11 patients and decreased in 2/11 patients within the course of the study. Six patients did not require a dose adjustment. All but one patient had a maximum of 1 dose change during therapy. Mean Tacrolimus dose, trough levels, and Glomerular filtration rates were also stable. Adherence, as measured by BAASIS-Scale Interview and coefficient of variation of Tacrolimus trough levels, was good at all times. It is concluded that conversion to Tac-ER is safe in low-risk children following pediatric kidney transplantation.
Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fujita Kyota , Nakabeppu Yusaku , Noda Mami
Published: May 2011

Since the first description of Parkinson's disease (PD) nearly two centuries ago, a number of studies have revealed the clinical symptoms, pathology, and therapeutic approaches to overcome this intractable neurodegenerative disease. 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) are neurotoxins which produce Parkinsonian pathology. From the animal studies using these neurotoxins, it has become well established that oxidative stress is a primary cause of, and essential for, cellular apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. Here, we describe the mechanism whereby oxidative stress evokes irreversible cell death, and propose a novel therapeutic strategy for PD using molecular hydrogen. Hydrogen has an ability to reduce oxidative damage and ameliorate the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal pathway in two experimental animal models. Thus, it is strongly suggested that hydrogen might provide a great advantage to prevent or minimize the onset and progression of PD.
A Review of Electroanalytical Techniques for Determination of Anti-HIV Drugs
Authors: Bozal Burçin , Uslu Bengi , Özkan Sibel A.
Published: May 2011

Until now after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was discovered as the then tentative aetiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), exactly 25 anti-HIV compounds have been formally approved for clinical use in the treatment of AIDS. These compounds fall into six categories: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, lamivudine, abacavir, stavudine, and emtricitabine), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs: tenofovir), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: efavirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine, and etravirine), protease inhibitors (PIs: ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, fosamprenavir, atazanavir, tipranavir and darunavir), fusion inhibitors (FIs: enfuvirtide), coreceptor inhibitors (CRIs: maraviroc), and integrase inhibitors (INIs: raltegravir). The present paper submitted the use of various electroanalytical techniques for the determination of anti-HIV drugs. This paper covers the time period from 1990 to 2010 including voltammetric techniques that were reported. Presented application concerns analysis of anti-HIV drugs from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples.
Cognitive Speed of Processing Training Can Promote Community Mobility among Older Adults: A Brief Review
Authors: O'Connor Melissa L. , Hudak Elizabeth M. , Edwards Jerri D.
Published: May 2011

Background. Community mobility is crucial for maintaining independent functioning and quality of life for older adults.Purpose. The present paper describes the relationship of cognition, particularly speed of processing as measured by the Useful Field of View Test, to mobility as indicated by driving behaviors, life space, and falls among healthy older adults. Research examining the impact of cognitive speed of processing training (SOPT) on older adults' community mobility (i.e., driving behaviors) is also summarized.Key Issues. Even slight cognitive declines can place older adults at risk for mobility limitations. However, cognitive interventions like SOPT can mitigate declines in driving mobility.Implications. The potential of SOPT to sustain community mobility among older adults is discussed.
Oral Carcinogenesis and Oral Cancer Chemoprevention: A Review
Authors: Tanaka Takuji , Tanaka Mayu , Tanaka Takahiro
Published: May 2011

Oral cancer is one of the major global threats to public health. The development of oral cancer is a tobacco-related multistep and multifocal process involving field cancerization and carcinogenesis. The rationale for molecular-targeted prevention of oral cancer is promising. Biomarkers of genomic instability, including aneuploidy and allelic imbalance, are possible to measure the cancer risk of oral premalignancies. Understanding of the biology of oral carcinogenesis will yield important advances for detecting high-risk patients, monitoring preventive interventions, and assessing cancer risk and pharmacogenomics. In addition, novel chemopreventive agents based on molecular mechanisms and targets against oral cancers will be derived from studies using appropriate animal carcinogenesis models. New approaches, such as molecular-targeted agents and agent combinations in high-risk oral individuals, are undoubtedly needed to reduce the devastating worldwide consequences of oral malignancy.
Brain Functional Network in Alzheimer′s Disease: Diagnostic Markers for Diagnosis and Monitoring
Authors: Rodriguez Guido , Arnaldi Dario , Picco Agnese
Published: May 2011

Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that is clinically characterized by the presence of memory impairment and later by impairment in other cognitive domains. The clinical diagnosis is based on interviews with the patient and his/her relatives and on neuropsychological assessment, which are also used to monitor cognitive decline over time. Several biomarkers have been proposed for detecting AD in its earliest stages, that is, in the predementia stage. In an attempt to find noninvasive biomarkers, researchers have investigated the feasibility of neuroimaging tools, such as MR, SPECT, and FDG‐PET imaging, as well as neurophysiological measurements using EEG. In this paper, we investigate the brain functional networks in AD, focusing on main neurophysiological techniques, integrating with most relevant functional brain imaging findings.
PUCA Pump and IABP Comparison: Analysis of Hemodynamic and Energetic Effects Using a Digital Computer Model of the Circulation
Authors: Fresiello Libera , Gu Y. John , Ferrari Gianfranco , Di Molfetta Arianna , Rakhorst Gerhard
Published: May 2011

The pulsatile catheter pump (PUCA pump) is a left ventricular assist device that provides additional flow to the left ventricle. It is usually run in order to ensure a counterpulsation effect, as in the case of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Because of this similarity, a comparison between the PUCA pump and the IABP was conducted from both the hemodynamic and energetic points of view. Numerical models of the two devices were created and connected to the CARDIOSIM cardiovascular simulator. The PUCA and IABP models were then verified using in vivo experimental data and literature data, respectively. Numerical experiments were conducted for different values of left ventricular end systolic elastance (Els) and systemic arterial compliance (Csa). The energetic comparison was conducted taking into account the diastolic pressure time index and the endocardial viability ratio. Hemodynamic results expressed as cardiac output (CO) and mean coronary blood flow (CBF) show that both the IABP and the PUCA pump efficacy decrease with higher values of Els and Csa. The IABP especially shows higher sensitivity to these parameters, to the extent that in some cases CO actually drops and CBF does not increase. On the other hand, for lower values of Csa, IABP performance improves so much that the PUCA pump flow needs to be increased in order to ensure a hemodynamic effect comparable to that of the IABP. Energetic results show a trend similar to the hemodynamic ones. The study will be continued by investigating other energetic variables and the autonomic response of the cardiovascular system.
Aerodynamics of Flapping Wing at Low Reynolds Numbers: Force Measurement and Flow Visualization
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Ghosh Saurav K. , Das Debopam
Published: May 2011

Flow field of a butterfly mimicking flapping model with plan form of various shapes and butterfly-shaped wings is studied. The nature of the unsteady flow and embedded vortical structures are obtained at chord cross-sectional plane of the scaled wings to understand the dynamics of insect flapping flight. Flow visualization and PIV experiments are carried out for the better understanding of the flow field. The model being studied has a single degree of freedom of flapping. The wing flexibility adds another degree to a certain extent introducing feathering effect in the kinematics. The mechanisms that produce high lift and considerable thrust during the flapping motion are identified. The effect of the Reynolds number on the flapping flight is studied by varying the wing size and the flapping frequency. Force measurements are carried out to study the variations of lift forces in the Reynolds number (Re) range of 3000 to 7000. Force experiments are conducted both at zero and finite forward velocity in a wind tunnel. Flow visualization as well as PIV measurement is conducted only at zero forward velocity in a stagnant water tank and in air, respectively. The aim here is to measure the aerodynamic lift force and visualize the flow field and notice the difference with different Reynolds number (Re), and flapping frequency (f), and advance ratios (J=U∞/2ϕfR).
Ectopic Sequestered Thyroid Tissue: An Unusual Cause of a Mediastinal Mass
Authors: Mace A. D. , Taghi A. , Khalil S. , Sandison A.
Published: May 2011

An 80-year-old female presented with an incidental finding of a retrosternal mass on magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound demonstrated a mediastinal lesion adjacent to but separate from the inferior pole of the right thyroid lobe. Fine needle aspiration cytology demonstrated colloid and follicular cells. At surgery, the right thyroid lobe was found to be normal. A discrete 5 cm nodule was found in the anterior mediastinum separate from the thyroid and just anterior and to the right of the trachea and thymus. The nodule had a vascular pedicle arising from the mediastinum. The differential diagnosis included metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Histology was consistent with a benign ectopic sequestered thyroid nodule. Extensive investigations demonstrated no sign of a thyroid malignancy.
Adjuvant Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma: Preliminary Results
Authors: Tentes A. A. K. , Spiliotis I. D. , Korakianitis O. S. , Vaxevanidou A. , Kyziridis D.
Published: May 2011

Background and Aims. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a basic tool in the treatment of peritoneal malignancy. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of adjuvant perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer.
Patients and Methods. Patients with T3 and T4 colorectal carcinomas that underwent R0 resection received either hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC group=40 patients) or early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC group=67 patients). The survival, the recurrences and the sites of recurrence were assessed.
Results. The 3-year survival rate for HIPEC group was 100% and for EPIC group 69% (P=.011). Nodal infiltration was found to be the single prognostic indicator of survival. The incidence of recurrence in EPIC group was higher than in HIPEC group (P=.009). The independent indicators of recurrence were the use of HIPEC and the degree of differentiation (P<.05). Conclusions. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy, particularly HIPEC, as an adjuvant in locally advanced colorectal carcinomas appears to improve survival and decrease the incidence of recurrence.
Hybrid polymer networks of unsaturated polyester–urethane as composite matrices for jute reinforcement
Authors: Singh B. , Gupta M. , Randhawa Anamika , Tyagi Simmi , Sharma Sarika
Published: May 2011

Reactions of unsaturated polyester resin and 4,4′ diphenyl methane diisocyanate were carried out at different NCO/OH ratios in presence of catalysts to form the hybrid polymer networks. Chain extender (1,4 butanediol) added in the hybrid network (NCO/OH ratio: 0.76) was optimized at a level of ∼ 3 wt % only of the polyester resin. The curing of these networks was studied by a rigid body pendulum type (RPT) method in terms of reduced damping ratio and increased frequency. Lack of multiple glass transition temperatures, sharp Tan delta peak, and particulate composite type morphology clearly demonstrated the formation of phase mixed domains in the hybrid networks. The storage modulus and loss modulus master curves obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis indicate that hybrid polymer networks retained higher modulus at lower and intermediate frequencies over the polyester resin showing their superior time‐dependent response. Efficacy of these hybrid network resins was examined as matrices in the jute composites and compared with those of polyester resin and unsaturated polyester–polyurethane interpenetrating network matrices. It is found that the hybrid polymer network matrix composites exhibited superior physicomechanical properties under both dry and boiling water age test. Fractographic evidences such as fiber–matrix adhesion, hackle markings, and fiber breakage also supported their superior behavior over other composite matrices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Isothermal crystallization of polyethylene oxide/silver nanoplate composites
Authors: Rahmansyah Nandho , Lo Chieh‐Tsung , Syu Ciou‐Mei , Lee Chien‐Liang
Published: May 2011

This research was accomplished to investigate the kinetics of isothermal crystallization of polyethylene oxide (PEO)/silver nanoplate composites. It was obtained that the spherulites increased in size and numbers with time for the composites with various particle loadings. Additionally, the spherulite growth rate of composites decreased with an increase in the crystallization temperature and increased with the addition of nanoplates. The spherulite growth rate was further analyzed by the theory developed by Lauritzen and Hoffman. The product of the lateral surface free energy (σ) and the end surface free energy (σe) decreased with an increase in the content of nanoplates. We proposed the possible crystallization mechanisms of these PEO/nanoplate composites according to the change of σ and σe with the presence of nanoplates. A controlled experiment showed a minor change in PEO crystallization with the presence of a surfactant C16TAB. This implied that the unique size and shape of nanoplates plays a key role on hindering the primary nucleation of PEO and increasing the spherulite growth rate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of reprocessing on the hygroscopic behavior of natural fiber high‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: Tajvidi Mehdi , Takemura Akio
Published: May 2011

Detailed analysis of the effects of recycling process on long‐term water absorption, thickness swelling, and water desorption behavior of natural fiber high‐density polyethylene composites is reported. Composite materials containing polyethylene and wood flour, rice hulls, or bagasse fibers and 2% compatibilizer were produced at constant fiber loading and were exposed to a simulated recycling process consisting of up to five times grinding and reprocessing under controlled conditions. A wide range of analytical methods including water absorption/desorption tests, thickness swelling tests, density measurement, scanning electron microscopy, image analysis, contact angle, fiber length analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile tests were employed to understand the hygroscopic behavior of the recycled composites. Water absorption and thickness swelling behaviors were modeled using existing predictive models and a mathematical model was developed for water desorption at constant temperature. Results indicated that generally the recycled composites had considerably lower water absorption and thickness swellings as compared with the original composites which were attributed to changes in physical and chemical properties of the composites induced by the recycling process. Water desorption was found to be faster after recycling. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Functionalization of polylactic acid through direct melt polycondensation in the presence of tricarboxylic acid
Authors: Kucharczyk Pavel , Poljansek Ida , Sedlarik Vladimír , Kasparkova Vera , Salakova Alexandra , Drbohlav Jan , Cvelbar Uros , Saha Petr
Published: May 2011

The goal of the article was to describe the preparation of carboxyl‐functionalized polylactic acid (PLA) through the method of direct melt copolycondensation of lactic and citric acid (CA). In addition, detailed study of copolycondensation process, its limitations and investigation of the reaction products properties are another issue this article deals with. The effect of tricarboxylic CA on the resulting properties of the functionalized lactic acid (LA) polycondesates was studied in a wide range of LA/CA molar ratios. The influence of CA on molecular weight, thermal and physicochemical properties, and chemical structure of the products was investigated, using viscometric measurements of the polymer solutions, gel permeation chromatography, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, acidity number determination, and Fourier‐transform infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results show the significant effect of CA on the structure and physicochemical properties as well as high efficiency of functionalization. Furthermore, a branched structure was detected at low CA concentrations, while higher CA content leads to termination of the polycondensates chains by citryl units and a reduction in the molecular weight. Here, insights on the characterization methods of PLA‐based materials are given by various experimental techniques. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and polymer‐to‐ceramic conversion of tailorable copolysilazanes
Authors: Li Ran , Zhou Cong , Yang Le , Li Siwei , Zhan Junying , Yu Zhaoju , Xia Haiping
Published: May 2011

Tailorable copolysilazanes (CPSZs) with variable chemical structure and molecular weights were prepared by coammonolysis of dichloromethylsilane, dichloromethylvinylsilane, and trichloromethylsilane. The as‐synthesized CPSZ was characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The CPSZ could be cured in an inert atmosphere at 180°C for 24 h. Pyrolysis behavior and structure evolution of the cured CPSZ were studied by means of thermal gravimetric analysis and FTIR. Hydrosilylation, transamination, dehydrogenation, and demethanation reactions were involved in the polymer‐to‐ceramic conversion of CPSZ. The ceramization process was complete at 900°C with a ceramic yield of 81–84%. Elemental analysis indicated that the compositions of final ceramics can be tailored by controlling the feed ratios of the starting chlorosilanes. Moreover, the microstructural evolution of the resultant SiCN ceramics was further investigated by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Morphology prediction and the effect of core‐shell structure on the rheological behavior of PP/EPDM/HDPE ternary blends
Authors: Li Lan‐Peng , Yin Bo , Yang Ming‐Bo
Published: May 2011

In this work, the morphologies of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene (EPDM) rubber/high density polyethylene (HDPE) 70/20/10 blends were studied and compared with the predictions of the spreading coefficient and minimum free energy models. The interfacial tension of PP/HDPE, PP/EPDM, and HDPE/EPDM blends were obtained by fitting the experimental dynamic storage modulus data to Palierne's theory. The prediction results showed core‐shell morphology (core of HDPE and shell of EPDM) in PP matrix. The PP/EPDM/HDPE blends were respectively prepared by direct extrusion and lateral injection method. Core‐shell morphology (core of HDPE and shell of EPDM) could be obtained with direct extrusion corresponding to the predicted morphology. The morphology of PP/EPDM/HDPE blends could be effectively controlled by lateral injection method. For PP/EPDM/HDPE blend prepared by lateral injection method, HDPE and EPDM phase were dispersed independently in PP matrix. It was found that the different morphology of PP/EPDM/HDPE blends prepared by two methods showed different rheological behavior. When the core‐shell morphology (core of HDPE and shell of EPDM) appeared, the EPDM shell could confine the deformation of HDPE core significantly, so the interfacial energy contribution of dispersed phase on the storage modulus of blends would be weaken in the low frequency region. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A new surgical technique for the treatment of supracondylar humerus fracture malunions in children
Authors: Skaggs David L. , Glassman David , Weiss Jennifer M. , Kay Robert M.
Published: May 2011

Purpose

To report a new locking lateral closing wedge osteotomy used in repairing pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture malunions, which allows for coronal and sagittal plane correction of both cubitus varus and extension.

Methods

At our institution, eight children with cubitus varus resulting from prior supracondylar humerus fracture malunions underwent a new technique of lateral closing wedge osteotomy performed by a single surgeon. Preoperative templating created from radiographs of the bilateral upper extremities were compared with clinical exam to determine the angle of triangular bone that must be removed in order to correct the varus and any extension deformity. A lateral approach and subperiosteal dissection exposed the distal humerus. A transverse osteotomy created a proximal and distal fragment, from which two triangles of bone were removed. The fragments were reunited, parallel lateral pins were placed, and live imaging confirmed stable fixation.

Results

The osteotomy was performed in eight patients, with an average age of 6.3 years. The mean interval between the initial injury and corrective osteotomy was 2.4 years. All patients ended up with flexion of 130° or greater with full and symmetrical pronation and supination. The average ulnohumeral angular correction was 25.5°, which was within 2° of the uninvolved elbow in seven patients and to within 5° in one patient. Baumann's angle averaged 85.3° preoperatively and 73.7° postoperatively, with an average 70.2° in the uninvolved elbow. All of the patients healed with excellent clinical and radiographic alignment and complete function. There were no complications or revisions.

Conclusion

Varus malunion is a well-described complication of pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture repairs, and many different osteotomy techniques have been described. This series demonstrates that an interlocking lateral wedge osteotomy with parallel lateral pin fixation can provide reliable correction of varus and extension deformity, with a minimal complication rate.
Omental cakes: unusual aetiologies and CT appearances
Authors: Mamlouk Mark Daniel , vanSonnenberg Eric , Shankar Sridhar , Silverman Stuart G.
Published: May 2011

Background

Omental cakes typically are associated with ovarian carcinoma, as this is the most common malignant aetiology. Nonetheless, numerous other neoplasms, as well as infectious and benign processes, can produce omental cakes.

Methods

A broader knowledge of the various causes of omental cakes is valuable diagnostically and to direct appropriate clinical management.

Results

We present a spectrum of both common and unusual aetiologies that demonstrate the variable computed tomographic appearances of omental cakes.

Conclusion

The anatomy and embryology are discussed, as well as the importance of biopsy when the aetiology of omental cakes is uncertain.
Existence of weak solutions for the incompressible Euler equations
Authors: Wiedemann Emil
Published: May 2011

Using a recent result of C. De Lellis and L. Székelyhidi Jr. (2010) [2] we show that, in the case of periodic boundary conditions and for arbitrary space dimension

d⩾2

, there exist infinitely many global weak solutions to the incompressible Euler equations with initial data

v_{0}

, where

v_{0}

may be any solenoidal

L^{2}

-vectorfield. In addition, the energy of these solutions is bounded in time.
What do Managers’ Survey Responses Mean and What Affects Them? The Case of Market Orientation and Firm Performance
Authors: Rong Baiding , Wilkinson Ian F.
Published: May 2011

Using cross-sectional surveys to support proposed causal sequences in theoretical models is problematic, especially when the informants are managers and performance is a dependent variable. The results of such surveys reveal more about managers sensemaking processes than actual business processes, a rival causal theory that researchers tend to ignore. This problem leads to unsound conclusions and management advice. We illustrate the argument in terms of survey research concerning the relationship between market orientation and firm performance. We show how sensemaking theory can account for existing results including some that otherwise lack explanation. The issues raised challenge many accepted interpretations of research results and have far-reaching implications in terms of the meaning and role of survey research. In addition, they point to important areas for future research.
Seeing and identifying with a virtual body decreases pain perception
Authors: Hänsell Alexander , Lenggenhagerl Bigna , von Känell Roland , Curatolol Michele , Blankel Olaf
Published: May 2011

Pain and the conscious mind (or the self) are experienced in our body. Both are intimately linked to the subjective quality of conscious experience. Here, we used virtual reality technology and visuo‐tactile conflicts in healthy subjects to test whether experimentally induced changes of bodily self‐consciousness (self‐location; self‐identification) lead to changes in pain perception. We found that visuo‐tactile stroking of a virtual body but not of a control object led to increased pressure pain thresholds and self‐location. This increase was not modulated by the synchrony of stroking as predicted based on earlier work. This differed for self‐identification where we found as predicted that synchrony of stroking increased self‐identification with the virtual body (but not a control object), and positively correlated with an increase in pain thresholds. We discuss the functional mechanisms of self‐identification, self‐location, and the visual perception of human bodies with respect to pain perception.