bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
УКРАЇНСЬКА УРЯДОВА ПОЛІТИКА В ГАЛУЗІ АГРАРНОГО ПИТАННЯ: ІСТОРИКО- ПРАВОВИЙ ВИМІР
Authors: Камаралі С. Є.
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню різних історико-правових аспектів діяльності уряду гетьмана П. Скоропадського в аграрній галузі. Визначені пріоритетні вектори земельної політики в період кризи державотворення. З використанням широкого кола архівних матеріалів автором висвітлені процеси вироблення земельного закону, організації спеціальних державних установ; подані матеріали активної співпраці міністерств Української Держави із представниками аграрно-промислових кіл; проаналізована законотворча діяльність міністерства земельних справ. Мета статті реалізована в проведеному аналізі законотворчої діяльності Ради міністрів у рамках реформування аграрного сектору економіки України. Визначені негативні чинники, що впливали на державну політику. Особлива увага присвячується заходам влади, спрямованим на подолання наслідків наказу Г. фон Ейхгорна – голови німецької адміністрації в Україні, про негайний засів ланів та запровадження німецьких військових судів на території України. Автором визначено, що відкрите втручання у внутрішні справи України з боку австрійського командування, селянські повстання, відсутність політичної єдності в національних колах, складні умови Брест-Литовських зобов’язань ставили перед урядом гетьмана необхідність прискорення процесу створення земельного закону, здійснення комплексної програми реформування і пояснення процесу земельного реформування населенню. Зроблено висновок, що в основу земельної реформи були покладені такі принципи: 1) уряд бере на себе цілковиту відповідальність за проведення реформи і її наслідки; 2) створюється державний земельний фонд за рахунок державних, церковних, монастирських і частини приватних земель (з повним відшкодуванням їхнім власникам вартості відчужених ділянок); 3) проводиться продаж ділянок малоземельним селянам і козакам; 4) держава сприяє створенню дрібних, але економічно міцних господарств; 5) провадиться докорінне поліпшення справи дрібного сільськогосподарського кредиту. Але всі ці заходи щодо землеволодіння та землекористування, повернення права на врожай 1918 року, заміна земельних комітетів земельними й земельно-ліквідаційними комісіями тощо не дали бажаних результатів в умовах економічної нестабільності і політичної кризи в Українській Державі.
ПОПЕРЕДНЯ ПЕРЕВІРКА ПЕРВИННОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ (ДОСЛІДЧА ПЕРЕВІРКА): ДОЦІЛЬНІСТЬ ЇЇ ВИОКРЕМЛЕННЯ ЯК СТАДІЇ КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО ПРОВАДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Шкелебей В. А. , Яцик Т. П.
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджено питання доцільності законодавчого закріплення попередньої перевірки первинної інформації (дослідчої перевірки). Визначено завдання дослідчої перевірки. Запропоновано строки дослідчої перевірки для кримінальних проступків та кримінальних злочинів. Обґрунтовано значення дослідчої перевірки в практичній діяльності. Підтверджено доцільність закріплення постанови слідчого, дізнавача, прокурора про відкриття кримінального провадження, постанови про відсутність підстав відкриття кримінального провадження як результату проведення дослідчої перевірки. Доведено необхідність законодавчого закріплення можливості оскарження постанови слідчого, дізнавача, прокурора про відкриття кримінального провадження, постанови про відсутність підстав відкриття кримінального провадження.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ РОЯЛТІ У СФЕРІ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ
Authors: Бойко-Слобожан О. О. , Божук І. І.
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджуються актуальні аспекти оподаткування операцій з використання прав інтелектуальної власності, зокрема роялті. Визначено, що це питання набуває актуальності у зв’язку з поширенням використання прав інтелектуальної власності щодо здійснення господарської діяльності. Розкрито основні схеми ухилення від податків. Окреслено основні проблеми, які пов’язані з оподаткуванням нематеріальних активів підприємства, та важливість впровадження змін у вітчизняній законодавчій і податковій системах.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СКЛАДАННЯ, ОФОРМЛЕННЯ ТА ПОСВІДЧЕННЯ ДОВІРЕНОСТЕЙ НА ПРЕДСТАВНИЦТВО ІНТЕРЕСІВ У СУДІ
Authors: Мілевська А. О.
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена основним аспектам, на які потрібно звернути увагу під час оформлення довіреностей на представництво інтересів у суді, що зумовлено змінами в процесуальних кодексах, щоб уникнути проблем, які можуть виникнути на практиці під час участі у справі представника, та забезпечити ефективну, своєчасну реалізацію ним своїх повноважень.
СУЧАСНІ ПИТАННЯ ПРЕДСТАВНИЦТВА ПРОКУРОРОМ ІНТЕРЕСІВ ДЕРЖАВИ В АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОМУ СУДОЧИНСТВІ
Authors: Драган О. В. , Таможня О. О.
Published: September 2021

Окреслено актуальні питання представництва прокурором інтересів держави в адміністративному судочинстві в Україні.

Визначено правовий статус органів прокуратури відповідно до положень чинного законодавства. Зосереджено увагу на тому, що представництво прокурором інтересів держави в суді є на сьогодні одним з найефективніших видів адміністративних юрисдикційних проваджень у діяльності органів прокуратури України.

Вказано особливості представництва як виду юрисдикційної діяльності прокуратури. Зокрема, це наявність державного (суспільного) інтересу; здійснення уповноваженим державним органом на підставі закону; правоохоронний характер представництва.

Наведено відмінності прокурорського представництва та інших видів представництва: за характером, колом осіб, чиї інтереси прокурор представляє, сукупністю прав і формами їхньої реалізації.

Акцентовано увагу на правових аспектах, які позбавляють прокурора права на представництво інтересів у суді. Підкреслено складність з концептуальної точки зору визначення правового статусу прокурора у сфері адміністративного судочинства.
Участь громадян у державному управлінні: безперечні переваги та неминучі ризики
Authors: Станков Г.
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджується криза сучасної демократії і участь громадян у державному управлінні як інструмент подолання кризи. Представлені причини наростаючої невідповідності між вимогами громадян і діями влади. Автором узагальнено переваги і недоліки участі громадян для того, щоб визначити певні аспекти цієї складної проблеми.

Значна частина сучасної теорії демократії присвячена якості демократії та динаміці процесів демократизації та протилежних їй процесів. У наукових дослідженнях обґрунтовано тезу, що в демократичних суспільствах зростає незадоволення функціонуванням влади, і все більше громадян вважають свої уряди недостатньо демократичними. Іншими словами, демократії стикаються з викликом стати більш демократичними.

Метою цієї публікації є дослідження можливостей підвищення якості демократії через посилення участі громадян у прийнятті рішень.

Для досягнення цієї мети проаналізовано широкий спектр літератури у галузі політології та державного управління щодо практичних наслідків залучення та участі громадян.

Практичне значення одержаних результатів полягає у тому, що вони можуть бути використані широким загалом фахівців і науковців, які в галузі публічного управління вирішують комплексну проблему залучення та участі громадян у державному управлінні з погляду на безперечні переваги та неминучі ризики.

Результати проведеного дослідження дозволяють зробити висновок, що за певних обставин участь громадян може бути досить корисною, а за інших обставин – навпаки. З огляду на потенційні переваги та недоліки залучення та участі громадян у визначеній політиці, наукова дискусія щодо того, як саме громадяни повинні брати участь у прийнятті рішень, триває. Основне питання полягає у тому, який тип процесу участі найкраще працює для усіх зацікавлених сторін та в яких конкретно випадках. Як теорія, так і практика демократичних інновацій мають бути зосереджені на розробці ефективних моделей та процедур, які використовують і збільшують переваги участі громадян та зменшують або нейтралізують її недоліки.
Проблеми кадрового забезпечення медичної сфери в умовах реформування системи охорони здоров’я в Україні
Authors: Жеков І. І. , Халецький А. В.
Published: September 2021

У статті здійснюється аналіз кадрового забезпечення медичної сфери в умовах реформування системи охорони здоров’я в Україні. Досліджено теоретичні аспекти кадрового забезпечення в державному регулюванні медичної сфери. Проведено аналіз стану та тенденції розвитку кадрового забезпечення в державному регулюванні медичної сфери. Обґрунтовано перспективи розвитку механізмів кадрового забезпечення в державному регулюванні медичної сфери. Сформульовано висновки та пропозиції щодо розв’язання проблемних питань організаційно-правового та управлінського складових механізму кадрового забезпечення в державному регулюванні медичної сфери.
Особливості логістичних процесів підприємств електронної комерції
Authors: Калач Г. М. , Онищук Н. В.
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню ринку електронної комерції та її логістичних процесів. Розглянуто основні функціональні сфери е-логістики: ланцюг постачань, управління запасами, зворотну логістику. Проаналізовано основні тенденції розвитку логістики в сфері е-комерції. Визначено напрями покращення діяльності логістичних компаній: покращення вхідного ресурсу; покращення внутрішнього потоку; злагоджена комунікація зі споживачами, забезпечення найбільш точної відповідності вихідних потоків товарів та послуг з їх вимогами. Запропоновано шляхи зменшення вартості логістичних послуг та комплекс організаційно-технологічних заходів державного рівня, спрямованих на підвищення ефективності електронної логістики.
Antioxidant Properties and Potentiality of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis of Thirty-Five Edible Bangladeshi Fruits
Authors: Alam HM Iftekhar , Biswas Anirban , Hosen M Zakir , Islam M Rabiul , Hossain Sheikh Julfikar
Published: September 2021

A comparison of total polyphenols (TP) and flavonoids (TF) contents, antioxidant activity, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesis potentiality of 35 common edible fruits in Bangladesh were studied. Among the fruits, Emblica officinalis showed the highest content of TP (89 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g powder), reducing power (OD, 1.98 at 1 mg powder/ml), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activity (95.6% at 0.5 mg powder/ml) whereas the highest content (17.3 mg (+)-catechin equivalent (CE)/g powder) of TF was recorded in Garcinia cowa. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for DPPH-free radical scavenging of Annona reticulata, E. officinalis, G. cowa, Phoenix sylvestris, Psidium guajava and Syzygium cumini were 180, 21.8, 172, 188.9, 162.4 and 176.2 μg powder/ml, respectively. Litchi chinensis showed the highest total antioxidant capacity (79 mg GAE/g powder) followed by E. officinalis (69 mg GAE/g powder). The fruits showed a very strong correlation (r2 = 0.99) between TP and reducing power. P. guajava showed the highest potentiality (OD, 0.74 at 10 mg powder/ml) in the biosynthesis of AgNPs followed by S. cumini, A. reticulata and P. sylvestris. Therefore, most potential five fruits should be graded as E. officinalis > S. cumini > P. guajava > A. reticulata > P. sylvestris.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 445-451, 2021 (September)
Application of Led on Plant Growth Unit in Tomato Cultivation
Authors: ŞEnol Ramazan , Kiliç Semra , Taşdelen Kubi̇lay
Published: September 2021

Effects of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps on plant growth with different modulations on the tomato plant were investigated by applying under actual conditions in the greenhouses. Thus, four different pulse width modulation (PWM) systems from red and blue LEDS at different wavelengths were designed. Trials were performed by using direct current (Mode1), 5Khz-φ = 0o (Mode2), 5Khz-φ = 180o (Mode3) and 1Khz-φ = 0o (Mode4) and the tomato grown under the sun at the same conditions were compared for controlling purposes. Stomata movements and total chlorophyll content of the tomatoes were examined, and the results were compared to the tomatoes that were grown under sun. The custom developed artificial four light source system, a treatment of Mode 2 produced the highest yield, while each treatment played its special role in regulating plant morphology and physiology.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 523-529, 2021 (September)
Assessment of Microsatellite Markers (SSRs) For Genetic Diversity in Asparagus Officinalis L. And Allied Species
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Irshad Muhammad , Pathak Mitra Lal , Tariq Akash , Naeem Rehan
Published: September 2021

The present study was hypothesized to evaluate a set of SSRs for the assessment of genetic variations in Asparagus officinalis L. and their allied species. Nine genic SSR markers were especially developed for Asparagus genome and employed for DNA profiling studies of Asparagus species. These SSRs markers have revealed the allelic polymorphism ranging from 1.0 to 2.0. Allele frequency was found highest for psbD-trnL (1.0), petB (1.0) and AG7 (1.0), while it was lowest for ZHD1 (0.1). Polymorphism Information content (PIC) was highest for TC7 (0.9) while it was lowest (0.0) for psbD-trnL, petB and AG7 respectively. The genetic similarity coefficients were found to range from 0.42 to 1.0. The UPGMA clustering algorithm based on SSRs data have clustered Asparagus species into 4 groups (I, II, III & IV) indicating Asparagus officinalis (L.) cultivars and allied species in the first clade, while Asparagus officinalis (L.) ‘Gersengum’, Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop, and Asparagus racemosus willd. were clustered in separate clades respectively. The present study has endorsed the origin status of Asparagus officinalis and their allied species. A. officinalis cultivars and other allied Asparagus species are clustered in separate clades, and it was revealed that they have monophyletic origin. It was established that SSRs markers could be informative markers for the differentiation of Asparagus officinalis cultivars, and their allied Asparagus species.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 595-602, 2021 (September)
Performance of Different Organic Manures With Chemical Fertilizers in Increasing Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)
Authors: Islam Md Rafiqul , Hoque Tahsina Sharmin , Islam Sadia , Ahmed Mohiuddin , Hoque Md Mozammel
Published: September 2021

Influence of various organic manures with chemical fertilizers on increasing growth, yield and nutritional quality of potato was studied. The experiment consisted of seven treatments including T0: Control, T1: 75% recommended fertilizer dose (RFD); T2: 100% RFD, T3: 75% RFD + Kazi compost (5 t/ha), T4: 75% RFD + Kazi compost (3 t/ha), T5: 75% RFD + Poultry manure (3 t/ha) and T6: 75% RFD + Cowdung (5 t/ha). Among the organic manures, Kazi compost performed the best which compensated up to 25% of recommended inorganic fertilizers and significantly improved the growth components, yield parameters, tuber yield and nutrient uptake by potato. In field performance, Kazi compost @ 5 t/ha was effective followed by poultry manure and can be recommended for better growth, yield and nutritional quality of potato.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 651-657, 2021 (September)
Relative Efficacy of Some Products Against Meloidogyne Javanica (Treub) Chitwood on Tomato Under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Almohithef Abdallah H , Al yahya Fahad A , Al hazmi Ahmad S , Dawabah Ahmed AM , Lafi Hamzeh A
Published: September 2021

A pot experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of some products i.e., Stanes Bio Nematon®, Soft Guard®, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma longibranchiatum, camel and goat manures against Meloidogyne javanica on tomato under greenhouse conditions. Based on nematode reproduction, indices of galls and egg masses, the six materials were grouped into four classes from the relatively highest efficacy of control (goat manure) to the relatively low efficacy of control (P. lilacinus).
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 709-712, 2021 (September)
Management of Rice Blast (Magnaporthe Oryzae B. Couch) Using Bioagents and Fungicides Under Hill Rice Ecosystem of Uttarakhand State in India
Authors: Rajashekara H , Mishra KK , Mishra PK
Published: September 2021

A field study was conducted during Kharif-2015 and 2016 on management of leaf and neck blast disease of rice caused by Magnaporthe oryzae under hill rice ecosystem. Different treatments including biological control agents like Trichoderma sp. and Pseudomonas sp. and chemical fungicides like tricyclozole, azoxystrobin and carbendazim were used at different growth stages of rice. Among the treatments, tricyclozole @ 0.06% was highly effective followed by azoxystrobin @ 0.1% with application immediately after appearance of disease. Trichoderma and Pseudomonas were not effective in reducing the disease pressure.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 713-716, 2021 (September)
Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS) 2019: Prospective hospital-based surveillance for serious paediatric conditions
Authors: Dinsmore Nicole , McRae Jocelynne E , Quinn Helen E , Glover Catherine , Dougherty Sonia , McMinn Allissa , Crawford Nigel , Marshall Helen , Carlson Samantha J , Blyth Christopher , Lucas Ryan , Irwin Adam , Macartney Kristine , Britton Philip N , Wood Nicholas ,   The Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance network
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS) network is an Australian hospital-based active surveillance system employing prospective case ascertainment for selected serious childhood conditions, particularly vaccine preventable diseases and potential adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). This report presents surveillance data for 2019.

Methods: Specialist nurses screened hospital admissions, emergency department records, laboratory and other data on a daily basis in seven paediatric tertiary referral hospitals across Australia, to identify children with the conditions under surveillance. Standardised protocols and case definitions were used across all sites. In 2019, the conditions under surveillance comprised: acute flaccid paralysis (AFP; a syndrome associated with poliovirus infection), acute childhood encephalitis (ACE), influenza, intussusception (IS; a potential AEFI with rotavirus vaccines), pertussis, varicella-zoster virus infection (varicella and herpes zoster), invasive meningococcal and invasive Group A streptococcus diseases and two new conditions, Kawasaki disease and gram-negative bloodstream infections. An additional social research component continued to evaluate parental attitudes to influenza vaccination.

Results: PAEDS captured 2,701 cases for 2019 across all conditions under surveillance. Key outcomes of PAEDS included: contribution to national AFP surveillance to reach the World Health Organization reporting targets for detection of poliomyelitis cases; demonstration of high influenza activity in 2019 and influenza-associated deaths in ACE cases; identification of key barriers to influenza vaccination of children hospitalised for acute respiratory illness; reporting of all IS cases associated with vaccine receipt to relevant state health department; and showing a further reduction nationally in varicella cases. Enhanced pertussis surveillance continued to capture controls to support vaccine efficacy estimation. Invasive meningococcal disease surveillance showed predominance of serotype B and a reduction in cases nationally. Surveillance for invasive group A streptococcus captured severe cases in children. Monitoring of Kawasaki disease incidence and gram-negative bloodstream infections commenced.

Conclusions: PAEDS continues to provide unique policy-relevant data on serious paediatric conditions using sentinel hospital-based enhanced surveillance.
Sarıkum Gölü'nde (Sinop) Ötrofikasyona Neden Olan Bazı Besin Tuzlarının ve Fizikokimyasal Parametrelerin İncelenmesi
Authors: HASANÇAVUŞOĞLU Zeynep , GÜNDOĞDU Ayşe
Published: September 2021

Sinop il sınırları içerisinde bulunan Sarıkum Gölü’nde ötrofikasyona neden olan bazı besin tuzlarının (amonyum, nitrit, nitrat, fosfat, silisyum) ve fiziko-kimyasal parametrelerin (pH, sıcaklık, çözünmüş oksijen, tuzluluk, askıda katı madde, klorofil–a) su kalitesi yönünden incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma bir yıl boyunca mevsimsel olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği ile Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği’ne göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sarıkum Gölü’nün su kalitesinin çözünmüş oksijen değeri sınıf II ve III, fosfat değeri sınıf III ve ötrofik olduğu, nitrit ve klorofil–a değerleri bakımından hipertrofik özellikte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu parametrelerin konsantrasyon düzeylerinin düşük veya yüksek olması nedeni ile göl ekosisteminin, özellikle tarımsal kirlilik baskısı altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Bringing Emotions to Reason
Authors: Reyes Càrdenas Paniel
Published: September 2021

In his new book Emotion: The Basics, Michael S. Brady introduces the fundamentals on the philosophical approach to emotions: by fleshing out these basic tenets Brady provides insight into a core component of all our lives and covers the nature of emotions, their relationship to knowledge and understanding, and their relationship to our moral and social selves. In my comments, I value the achievements of Brady's work as well as explore a critical approach to the book in which I emphasise how the book deals with the dichotomy between emotions and reasons. I also engage with the limitations that emerge from a viewpoint of a scholar specialised on the history of philosophy and epistemology, and point towards some puzzles that ought to be further considered.
Emotions Under Trauma
Authors: LaGuardia-LoBianco Alycia
Published: September 2021

While emotions can play positive, contributory roles in our cognition and our lives, they frequently have the opposite effect. Michael Brady’s otherwise excellent introduction to the topic of emotion is unbalanced because he does not attend to harms emotions cause. The basic problem is that emotions have a normative aspect: they can be justified or unjustified and Brady does not attend to this. An example of this is Brady’s discussion of curiosity as the emotional motivation for knowledge. More importantly, while emotions can and sometimes do reveal to us what we value, it is far less frequent that emotions reveal objective value.
Seeing Complexity To Continue to Understand Emotions
Authors: Mendonça Dina
Published: September 2021

Commentary on Michael S. Brady’s book, Emotion: The Basics, indicating that it offers an overview of the field of philosophy of emotions while raising awareness about the intrinsic complexity of the issues in emotion research. This makes it possible to show how emotion research is inevitably tied to specific philosophical assumptions. Three illustrations are discussed that hopefully also testify that, as Brady states, the philosophy of emotion is inevitably tied to the question of what it means to do philosophy.
Salivary cortisol in low dose (1 µg) ACTH test in healthy women: comparison with serum cortisol
Authors: Šimůnková K , Hampl R , Hill M , Doucha J , Stárka L , Vondra K
Published: September 2021

To date, a single report has appeared on the use of salivary cortisol for adrenal function testing with a low dose ACTH, although 1 microg has become preferred as a more physiological stimulus than the commonly used 250 microg ACTH test. Our present study was aimed to obtain physiological data on changes of free salivary cortisol after 1 microg ACTH stimulation. This approach was compared with the common method based on the changes of total serum cortisol. Intravenous, low-dose ACTH test was performed in 15 healthy women (aged 22-40 years) with normal body weight, not using hormonal contraceptives, in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Blood and saliva for determination of cortisol were collected before ACTH administration and 30 and 60 min after ACTH administration. Basal concentration of salivary cortisol (mean +/- S.E.M., 15.9+/-1.96 nmol/l) increased after 1 microg ACTH to 29.1+/-2.01 nmol/l after 30 min, and to 27.4+/-2.15 nmol/l after 60 min. The differences between basal and stimulated values were highly significant (p<0.0001). The values of salivary cortisol displayed very little interindividual variability (p<0.04) in contrast to total serum cortisol values (p<0.0001) A comparison of areas under the curve (AUC) related to initial values indicated significantly higher AUC values for salivary cortisol than for total serum cortisol (1.89+/-0.88 vs. 1.22+/-0.19, p<0.01). Correlation analysis of serum and salivary cortisol levels showed a borderline relationship between basal levels (r=0.5183, p=0.0525); correlations after stimulation were not significant. Low-dose ACTH administration appeared as a sufficient stimulus for increasing salivary cortisol to a range considered as a normal adrenal functional reserve.
Apolipoprotein B signal peptide polymorphism: distribution and influence on lipid parameters in Tunisian population
Authors: Kallel A , Feki M , Elasmi M , Souissi M , Sanhaji H , Omar S , Haj Taieb S , Jemaa R , Kaabachi N
Published: September 2021

Apolipoprotein B (apo B) is the major protein component of LDL, VLDL and chylomicrons. Numerous polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein B gene have been described. Particularly, the insertion/deletion polymorphism located in the coding part of the signal peptide of apo B, associated with modification of lipid concentrations and the risk of cardiovascular disease, has been reported in the general population. No such study in the Tunisian population has been performed. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of insertion/deletion polymorphism of the apolipoprotein B gene on lipid levels in a sample of the Tunisian population. A total of 458 unrelated subjects (321 men and 137 women) were included. The insertion/deletion polymorphism was determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels after PCR amplification. The relative frequencies of the Ins and Del alleles were 0.74 and 0.26, respectively. These frequencies were similar to those found in other Caucasian populations. There was no significant difference in serum TC, TG, and HDL-C levels due to the influence of the genotypes. However, significant variation among the three genotypes was seen for LDL-cholesterol (p<0.001) and apo B (p<0.001) levels. Individuals homozygous for the Del allele had higher levels than individuals homozygous for the Ins allele, while individuals heterozygous for both alleles exhibited intermediate levels. When the data were analyzed in men and women separately, a similar effect was seen in both groups. Our results show that distribution of apo B insertion/deletion polymorphism in Tunisians is similar to other Caucasian population and confirm the reported association with serum LDL-cholesterol and apo B concentrations.
CD36 regulates fatty acid composition and sensitivity to insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: Kontrová K , Zídková J , Bartoš B , Skop V , Sajdok J , Kazdová L , Mikulík K , Mlejnek P , Zídek V , Pravenec M
Published: September 2021

In the current study, we tested a hypothesis that CD36 fatty acid (FA) transporter might affect insulin sensitivity by indirect effects on FA composition of adipose tissue. We examined the effects of CD36 downregulation by RNA interference in 3T3-L1 adipocytes on FA transport and composition and on sensitivity to insulin action. Transfected 3T3-L1 adipocytes, without detectable CD36 protein, showed reduced neutral lipid levels and significant differences in FA composition when levels of essential FA and their metabolites were lower or could not be detected including gamma linolenic (C18:3 n6), eicosadienic (C20:2 n6), dihomo-gamma linolenic (C20:3 n6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) (C20:5 n3), docosapentaenoic (DPA) (C22:5 n3), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) (C22:6 n3) FA. Transfected 3T3-L1 adipocytes exhibited a significantly higher n6/n3 FA ratio, reduced 5-desaturase and higher 9-desaturase activities. These lipid profiles were associated with a significantly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (4.02+/-0.1 vs. 8.42+/-0.26 pmol.10(-3) cells, P=0.001). These findings provide evidence that CD36 regulates FA composition thereby affecting sensitivity to insulin action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
De Quincey's Slowness
Authors: Sachs Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Much has been said about De Quincey's fascination with the speed and mobility of contemporary life. This essay argues that we need also to recognize an acute sense of slowness that develops alongside De Quincey's fascination with speed. Activities like walking and reading and the figure of the crocodile offer examples of slowness that complicate De Quincey's fixation with speed. Ultimately, this essay suggests that the fraught relationship between speed and slowness that colours De Quincey's experiences of media and mobility clarifies the emotional landscape of the ‘Confessions’, marked as it is by drawn-out affective experiences, including boredom, longing, and nostalgia.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT KALIBRASI SPHYGMOMANOMETER
Authors: Nugroho Agung Satrio , Viridianti Vivi Vira , Azi Amanda
Published: September 2021

Peralatan kesehatan pada umumnya membutuhkan tingkat akurasi yang baik, sehingga perlu dilakukan kalibrasi. Salah satunya adalah alat sphygmomanometer yang digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan darah. Alat kalibrasi yang telah ada digunakan dengan membandingkan nilai tekanan raksa dengan nilai tekanan alat menggunakan pandangan mata. Cara ini berpotensi terjadi kesalahan pembacaan. Dari masalah tersebut, dibuatlah sebuah modifikasi alat sphygmomanometer yang dapat mengurangi kesalahan pembacaan tekanan. Alat ini digunakan dengan cara menekan tombol untuk menyimpan tekanan hasil kalibrasi, sementara pengguna hanya perlu melihat skala tekanan pada sphygmomanometer raksa.

Alat ini menggunakan sensor tekanan MPX5500DP dengan jangkauan tekanan 0 – 500 kPa. Output sensor diolah menggunakan mikrokontroler Atmega328 dan hasil pengukuran tekanan disimpan di dalam EEPROM. Hasil tersebut dipanggil kembali dan ditampilkan pada LCD Selain itu alat ini mampu menghitung kebocoran tensimeter dan menampilkan kondisi tensimeter ”layak” atau “tidak layak”.

Untuk mengetahui akurasi alat kalibrator ini dilakukan pengujian di PT. Sinergi Indocal Sejahtera. Metode yang dilakukan adalah mengukur tekanan shygmomanometer air raksa menggunakan alat kalibrasi yang telah dibuat dan FLUKE DPM4 yang dilakukan secara bersamaan. Dari hasil perbandingan didapatkan hasil selisih pengukuran terhadap alat kalibrasi maksimal 0,5 mmHg, nilai tersebut masih di bawah nilai toleransi sebesar 1 mmHg. Persentase rata rata error pembacaan tekanan terhadap alat kalibrasi sebesar 0,3 %.

Kata kunci : tekanan, kalibrasi, sphygmomanometer, kebocoran, akurasi.
Diffculties and ways to overcome them in selection of therapy for pain syndromes in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Makhinov K. A. , Kamchatnov P. R.
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes damage to various body systems, including the peripheral nervous system. The main variants of peripheral nerve damage in diabetes mellitus are considered. Information on the development of this kind of lesion, in particular, on the formation of neuropathic pain syndrome, is given. The therapeutic possibilities of drugs from various pharmacological groups for the treatment of patients with neurological complications of diabetes are analyzed.
Assessment of inﬂuence of attention and delayed reproduction on quality of life in patients with cerebrovascular disease on background of taking various doses of cholecalciferol
Authors: Pervova E. M. , Shvartsman G. I. , Erasheva E. V.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of the level attention and delayed reproduction on the quality of life in patients with cerebrovascular disease while taking various doses of cholecalciferol. 146 patients were examined, the average age of which was 59.8 ± 12.7 years. All patients were divided into three groups, depending on the dose of cholecalciferol administration. During the study, participants were assessed for the level of 25(OH) D, a neuropsychological examination and a study of the quality of life. Against the background of taking cholecalciferol at a dosage of 4000 IU per day, the level of 25(OH)D in blood serum signifcantly increased by 64.4 [12.5; 124.7] per cent (p < 0.001), and when taking 8000 IU per day – 131.8 [19.5; 298.4] per cent (p < 0.001) and its average value in the group reached an adequate level and amounted to 34.26 ± 11.22 ng/ml. In patients with cerebrovascular disease, the assessment of cognitive functions most often revealed violations in the assessment of delayed reproduction and attention. It was found that attention and delayed reproduction have a signifcantly signifcant relationship with most indicators in quality of life. Against the background of cholecalciferol therapy, a signifcantly signifcant improvement in attention and delayed reproduction was obtained when evaluated on neuropsychological scales, and there was also a signifcantly signifcant improvement in the quality of life when evaluated on the SF-36 questionnaire scale. Our study showed that the administration of cholecalciferol can improve the quality of life in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Strumentova E. S. , Lobzin S. V. , Lobzin V. Yu. , Chistova I. V. , Zuev A. A. , Alizade M. R.о. , Zyryanova A. A.
Published: September 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia. Olfactory dysfunction is detected at preclinical stage of this disease, this is important for the early appointment of therapy. The smell identifcation process involves the olfactory and orbitofrontal cortex, mediobasal structures of the temporal region, including the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, which makes it extremely sensitive to neurodegeneration, especially of the Alzheimer's type. In patients at risk of developing AD (for example, carriers of the APOE4 genotype), patients with mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline also have olfactory dysfunction, which increases with the progression of cognitive defcit. This article presents the proposed mechanisms of hyposmia development in patients with Alzheimer's disease, the main methods of its study, such as olfactory tests, evoked olfactory potential, MRI and functional MRI, as well as data from population studies of recent years.
Sürekli Arayış, Bitmeyen Tartışma: Ali Bulaç’ın “Medine Sözleşmesi” Eseri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: AYDOĞDU İsmail
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada Ali Bulaç’ın “Medine Sözleşmesi” isimli eseri değerlendirilmektedir. Farklı dini, etnik ve kültürel yapıların toplumsal ve siyasi birlikteliğinin tartışıldığı zeminde sıkça anılan Medine Vesikası üzerine 30 yıldan bu yana farklı dergi ve kitaplarda birçok çalışması olan yazar, konu ile ilgili yazdığı ilk metinlerden bu yana lehte ve aleyhte yayınlanmış nerdeyse tüm çalışmaları da derlediği, değerlendirdiği ve müstakil bir kitap olarak yayınladığı eseri; siyaset, toplum ve ilahiyat alanlarında çalışanların faydalanabileceği bir kaynak olarak düşünülmektedir.
Religious Cycles of Government Responsiveness: Why Governments Distribute in Ramadan
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Ezzeldin
Published: September 2021

In many Muslim societies, autocrats expand their distributive policies in the religious season of Ramadan. Why do autocrats distribute in Ramadan? And, who do they target? Focusing on Egypt (2014-2020), this paper argues that the regime distributes in Ramadan to contain political threats to its survival by co-opting areas where such threats are more credible. I test this argument using an original municipality-level dataset of government-reported provision of economic benefits. The findings show that the government reports more economic distribution in places where political threats are higher: more socioeconomically developed, more contentious, and more affected by unpopular austerity measures. Using survey data, I also find that distribution in Ramadan translates into reputational gains for the regime, particularly among its critics. The conclusions suggest that autocrats might adopt multiple targeting strategies to respond to different threats to their survival, sometimes rewarding threatening groups to buy their acquiescence.
Language in Congress: Domestic Constituent Influence in Foreign Aid Decisions
Authors: Cho Esol
Published: September 2021

There is an extensive literature on the effect of donor ideology on foreign aid allocations. However, the process through which donor ideology influences aid decisions is understudied. In my framework, legislators' application of political ideology is expanded to foreign aid agendas through interactions with domestic constituencies: development Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and private enterprises. Legislators adopt the constituencies' ideological rationale for aid and reflect the groups' aid preferences by taking on the language of those constituents. To test this argument, I applied the Structural Topic Model (STM) and Wordfish to my self-collected text data on testimonial statements given by representatives of NGOs and of firms and floor speeches of left- and right-leaning legislators relating to foreign aid in Congress. My results suggest that constituent groups have an influence on the ideological aid positions of individual legislators, which, in turn, may translate into the aid decisions of the donor country.
Prospective Spatial-Temporal Clusters of COVID-19 in Local Communities: Case Study of Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Authors: AlQadi Hadeel
Published: September 2021

Just in the United States (U.S.), the COVID-19 cases reached over 37 million as of August 2021. Kansas City in Missouri State has become one of the major U.S. hot spots for COVID-19 due to an increase in the rate of positive COVID-19 test results. Despite the large numbers of COVID-19 cases in Kansas City, the Spatio-temporal analysis of data has been less investigated. In this study, we conducted a prospective Poisson spatial-temporal analysis of Kansas City, MO, COVID-19 data at the zip code level. The analysis focused on daily COVID-19 cases in four equal periods of three months. We detected temporal patterns of emerging and reemerging space-time clusters between March 2020 and February 202. The statistical results were communicated with local health officials and provided the necessary guidance for decision-making and the allocation of resources.
Determining the conductance of networks created by randomly dispersed cylinders
Authors: Appella Simone , Atayev Anvarbek , Bond Oliver , Collins Ben , Dablander Markus , Fadeev Nikolai , Lacey Andrew , Morawiecki Piotr , Ockendon Hilary , Polvara Davide , Powell Ellen , Quintavalle Lorenzo , Wilson Eddie , Zhou Yang
Published: September 2021

This report investigates various aspects of modelling a composite material using randomly packed cylinders in 3d space. In particular it considers: simulating configurations of non-intersecting cylinders; generating weighted networks from such simulations, including calculation of minimal cylinder separation distances; estimating the conductance or resistivity of such a network. This is based on work carried out during the ESGI165 Study Group at Durham University, April 2021. Acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 764850 (SAGEX). This is paper SAGEX-21-25.
The Knowledge and Attitudes of The Non-Health Worker Citizens and Physicians About Traditional and Complementary Medicine: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tekin Reyhan , Gorpelioglu Suleyman , Aypak Cenk , Suvak Ozlem , Emiroglu Canan
Published: September 2021

Aim: Healthcare professionals will set an example to society with their behaviors about Traditional and Complementary Medicine usage. We aimed to investigate and compare the knowledge and attitudes of society and physicians about Traditional and Complementary Medicine to create an infrastructure for medical training.

Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study "Turkish Version of Complementary, Alternative and Conventional Medicine Attitude Scale" was used for data collection.

Results: A total of 392 physicians and 438 citizens participated in the study. Among all participants, 36.9% had used a Traditional and Complementary Medicine method before and the most used method was phytotherapy. There was a significant difference between groups in terms of the level of knowledge. Surprisingly no significant difference was found between physicians and the public in the "Dissatisfaction with Modern Medicine" subgroup.

Conclusion: Although there were differences in the level of knowledge between the public and physicians, it was seen that the behavioral patterns were similar to each other. This situation suggests that physicians are also influenced by the society they live in, rather than scientific data, in their decisions about Traditional and Complementary Medicine. Being as a role model to the public, physicians are responsible for providing evidence-based answers to questions about Traditional and Complementary Medicine and should receive adequate training about methods.

Keywords: complementary medicine, therapeutic use, evidence-based practice, knowledge, physicians
The Relationship Between Parents' Perceptions of Family-Centered Care and Their Health Care Satisfaction
Authors: Cetintas Ismail , Akgun Kostak Melahat , Semerci Remziye , Kocaaslan Esra Nur
Published: September 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the perceptions of parents whose children are hospitalized about family-centered care provided in the hospital and their health care satisfaction and the factors affecting them. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with parents (n=169) of children who were hospitalized in a university hospital in Turkey between May and July 2019. Data were collected with "Child and Family Information Form", "Family-Centered Care Scale" and "PedsQL Health Care Satisfaction Scale". Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U, and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The mean age of the children was 6.86±5.63, 51.5% were male, 56.2% were hospitalized before and 88.2% of parents received information about the care and treatment of their children. There was a positive correlation between the parents’ Family-Centered Care Scale and PedsQL Health Care Satisfaction Scale scores and between the age of the children and age of the mother and the PedsQL Health Care Satisfaction Scale scores, the number of children and Family-Centered Care Scale scores of parents. A statistically significant difference was found between the child's previous hospitalization and median scores of the Family-Centered Care Scale, and between whether parents receive information about the care and treatment of their children and the median scores of the PedsQL Health Care Satisfaction Scale. Conclusion: In this study, as the family-centered care that parents expect was met, their health care satisfaction increased. As the age of children and mothers increased, parents' health care satisfaction increased. Health care satisfaction of parents who received information about treatment and care was found higher. Keywords: family-centered care, patient satisfaction, child, parents
Comprehensive Genomic Characterization Analysis Identifies an Oncogenic Pseudogene RP11-3543B.1 in Human Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chen Xin , Chen Zhenyao , Wu Hao , Liu Xianghua , Nie Fengqi , Wang Zhaoxia , Sun Ming
Published: September 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal Cancer (GICs) is the most common group of malignancies, and many of its types are the leading causes of cancer related death worldwide. Pseudogenes have been revealed to have critical regulatory roles in human cancers. The objective of this study is to comprehensive characterize the pseudogenes expression profiling and identify key pseudogenes in the development of gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: The pseudogenes expression profiling was analyzed in six types of GICs cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq data to identify GICs cancer related pseudogenes. Meanwhile, the genomic characterization including somatic alterations of pseudogenes was analyzed. Then, CCK8 and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the biological function of RP11-3543B.1 and miR-145 in gastric cancer cells. The mechanisms of pseudogene RP11-3543B.1 in GC cells were explored via using bioinformatics analysis, next generation sequencing and lucifarese reporter assay.

Results: We identified a great number of pseudogenes with significantly altered expression in GICs, and some of these pseudogenes expressed differently among the six cancer types. The amplification or deletion in the pseudogenes-containing loci involved in the alterations of pseudogenes expression in GICs. Among these altered pseudogenes, RP11-3543B.1 is significantly upregulated in gastric cancer. Down-regulation of RP11-3543B.1 expression impaired GC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. RP11-3543B.1 exerts oncogene function via targeting miR-145-5p to regulate MAPK4 expression in gastric cancer cells.

Conclusion: Our study reveals the potential of pseudogenes expression as a new paradigm for investigating GI cancer tumorigenesis and discovering prognostic biomarkers for patients.
In Silico Prediction of Novel Probiotic Species Limiting Pathogenic Vibrio Growth Using Constraint-Based Genome Scale Metabolic Modeling
Authors: Devika Neelakantan Thulasi , Jangam Ashok Kumar , Katneni Vinaya Kumar , Patil Prasanna Kumar , Nathamuni Suganya , Shekhar Mudagandur Shashi
Published: September 2021

The prevalence of bacterial diseases and the application of probiotics to prevent them is a common practice in shrimp aquaculture. A wide range of bacterial species/strains is utilized in probiotic formulations, with proven beneficial effects. However, knowledge of their role in inhibiting the growth of a specific pathogen is restricted. In this study, we employed constraint-based genome-scale metabolic modeling approach to screen and identify the beneficial bacteria capable of limiting the growth of V. harveyi, a common pathogen in shrimp culture. Genome-scale models were built for 194 species (including strains from the genera Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus and the pathogenic strain V. harveyi) to explore the metabolic potential of these strains under different nutrient conditions in a consortium. In silico-based phenotypic analysis on 193 paired models predicted six candidate strains with growth enhancement and pathogen suppression. Growth simulations reveal that mannitol and glucoronate environments mediate parasitic interactions in a pairwise community. Furthermore, in a mannitol environment, the shortlisted six strains were purely metabolite consumers without donating metabolites to V. harveyi. The production of acetate by the screened species in a paired community suggests the natural metabolic end product’s role in limiting pathogen survival. Our study employing in silico approach successfully predicted three novel candidate strains for probiotic applications, namely, Bacillus sp 1 (identified as B. licheniformis in this study), Bacillus weihaiensis Alg07, and Lactobacillus lindneri TMW 1.1993. The study is the first to apply genomic-scale metabolic models for aquaculture applications to detect bacterial species limiting Vibrio harveyi growth.