bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE FLORA OF SYRTOVOJE ZAVOLZHJE
Authors: Vasjukov Vladimir Mikhaylovich , Ivanova Anfstasia Viktorovna , Lysenko Tatiana Mikhailovna
Published: December 2020

As a result of the floristic studies in Syrtovoje Zavolzhje within the Samara region in 2014, we found interesting in the phyto-geographical and environmental value species and subspecies of plants, including new to the flora of the Samara region (Cotinus coggygria (ergaziofit), Cynanchum acutum, Otites sibiricus subsp. kleopovii), species of the Red Book of the Russian Federation (Eriosynaphe longifolia, Iris pumila, Koeleria sclerophylla, Stipa pennata, Stipa pulcherrima, Tulipa schrenkii), species of the Red Book of Samara region (Astragalus cornutus, Astragalus macropus, Astragalus sulcatus, Atraphaxis frutescens, Camphorosma monspeliaca, Chrysocyathus volgensis, Dianthus leptopetalus, Ephedra distachya, Eremogone koriniana, Eriosynaphe longifolia, Ferula caspica, Ferula tatarica, Galatella angustissima, Goniolimon elatum, Iris pseudacorus, Iris pumila, Jurinea multiflora, Koeleria sclerophylla, Nepeta ucranica, Ornithogalum fischerianum, Palimbia turgaica, Plantago maxima, Stipa pennata, Stipa pulcherrima, Trinia hispida, Tulipa schrenkii). We recommend for inclusion in the new edition of the Red Book of Samara region the next species: Allium tulipifolium, Cynanchum acutum, Elaeosticta lutea, Euphorbia rossica, Euphorbia rossica, Koeleria transvolgensis, Stemmacantha serratuloides, Tulipa scythica.
INVERTEBRATES IN THE COMMUNITY OF URBAN POND NEAR NOVO-SADOVAJA STREET (SAMARA-CITY) IN 2010
Authors: Gherasimov Yuriy Leonidovich
Published: December 2020

The state of right pond of two nearly located small ponds in Samara-city was described. 47 Rotatoria species (26 genus, 18 familiars) was found in 2010, the list of met rotifer species is quoted. The Brachionidae, Phylodinidae and Synchaetidae have maximum species quantity. The numerity and biomass seasonal dynamics was studied. Two numerity and biomass growths (in May and August) observes in majority Rotifera populations. Brachionidae i Synchaetidae had maximal numerity, Asplanchnidae and Synchaetidae have maximal biomass. The Rotatoria numerity was in twice more than in near located pond. Value of index species similarity of Serensen is equal 7,27. The Shannon and Pielu indexes was calculated. 17 water Insect species lives in pond. Crustaceans, Gastropods, Turbellaria, Nematoda, Oligochaeta and Ciliophora was founded in pond. The fish Perccottus glenii was founded too. The chemical analisis show four water characteristics was greater than LAC values. The pond water toxicity for Daphnia was studied in laboratory, the N.S.Stroganov standart method was used. The pond water didn't show negative influence for Daphnia survival and fecundity. The species numerity in studied pond is greater than in some urbanized water bodies. The pond ecosystem state is close to satisfactory.
DISTRIBUTION OF BRYOPHYTES OF AGALYK BASIN (KARATEPA MOUNTAINS OF ZERAVSHAN MOUNTAIN RANGE)
Authors: Zhalov Holmurod Akimovich
Published: December 2020

From bryological point of view Zeravshan mountain range remains one of the least studied region. Identification of species composition of true mosses and their ecological-biological peculiarities were not earlier aimed for this region. In the territory of Agalyk basin Karatepa mountains can be divided into four types of substrates where moss species occur: soil, bark of living trees, decayed wood, stones. Characteristics of substrate groups become complicated due to wide range of ecological valency of moss species. Most species select not only one, but several substrates for their settling. During the research period in the soils of Agaliksay basin 20 species were recorded belonging to 13 genera and 10 family. On decayed wood 9 species were recorded belonging to 7 genera and 5 family. On the bark of living trees 15 moss species were recorded belonging to 8 genera and 6 family. Epilyte bryophytes occurred on rocky substrates. On rocky substrates of Agaliksay basin 34 moss species were recorded from 16 genera and 13 family. On the basis of results obtained during the study of substrate groups of mosses in Agaliksay basin, we have conducted comparative analyses of studied substrate groups with the purpose of determining their characteristic features.
SWAMP MOKHOVOE AROUND R.P. GLOTOVKA INZA DISTRICT OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION - A VALUABLE BOTANICAL OBJECT
Authors: Istomina Elena Yuryevna
Published: December 2020

On the territory of the Ulyanovsk region upland sphagnum bogs are rare plant communities. For the first time a description of the flora upland sphagnum bogs Mokhovoe 1.5 km south of the r.p. Glotovka Inza district of the Ulyanovsk region. This is valuable in the Ulyanovsk region mount, oligotrophic bogs with birch and shrub-cotton grass-sphagnum phytocenoses not previously been studied by experts. For the first time we present data on the flora of the object. Found 20 species of plants, of which 4 (Utricularia vulgaris L., Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench., Охусоссus palustris Pers., Drosera rotundifolia L.) are included in the Red book of the Ulyanovsk region, and 3 types (Chamaedaphne calyculata, Охусоссus palustris и Drosera rotundifolia) are relic. Of particular interest is the vegetation quagmire, which is located in the center of the marshes and the water is separated from the main beach. It is here preserved valuable boreal complexes having great scientific interest. Total flora quagmire are 11 species of vascular plants, including rare and medicinal species Eriophorum vaginatum L., Сarex lasiocarpa Ehrh., Menyanthes trifoliata L. and Comarum palustre L. Dominated by two associations: Betula pubescens +Chamaedaphne calyculata +Eriophorum vaginatum + Sphagnum and Сarex lasiocarpa + Eriophorum vaginatum + Охусоссus palustris + Sphagnum. To preserve this unique natural site with rare plant species and communities needs careful protection at the regional level. Swamp Mokhovoe recommended to us for inclusion in the protected areas of the Ulyanovsk region.
RAIL TRANSPORT AS A SOURCE OF SOIL CONTAMINATION WITH HEAVY METALS
Authors: Kazantsev Ivan Viktorovich
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the pollution of soils with heavy metals in the vicinity of railways. Describes the ways and means of receipt of pollutants in soil. Investigated pollution with heavy metals of tap railroad Kuibyshev railway. Presents the results of the comparison of soil pollution with heavy metals in comparison with the maximum permissible concentration and regional background levels. The studied area of the Kuibyshev railway station 1004 km to the station Obsharovka direction Samara-Syzran on the contents in the soils of tap railroad 4 heavy metals: Fe, Сu, Мn, Cг. Revealed that the pattern of distribution of heavy metals away from the railroad tracks play a role as natural and artificial barriers. The natural barriers include shelterbelts, and the artificial - the presence of solid fences. Due to the close proximity of agricultural lands to railroad tracks is particularly important to take into account the contamination of soils by heavy metals in the bends of the Railways. Many heavy metals can accumulate in plants (agricultural) and, accordingly, to be involved in the system plant - man; plant - animal - man, which contributes to the deteriorating health of the population.
CONCERNING THE «BUZULUKSKY BOR» NATIONAL PARK FOREST COMMUNITIES MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Korchikov Evgeniy Sergeevich , Pushkina Sofya Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

The are 266 medicinal vascular plants from 181 genera, 64 families, 5 phylum (Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Pteridophyta, Pinophyta, Magnoliophyta) in the Buzuluksky Bor national park. 67 species of medicinal vascular plants from 59 genera, 27 families and 4 phylum grows in forest communities, which are the most widespread such plants as Chelidonium majus L., Convallaria majalis L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Lve, Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, Taraxacum officinalis L. and Pinus sylvestris L. Increasing number of medicinal plants has a considerable projective covering in oak forests. 30 species of medicinal plants, most of all their share in the maple forests are specific to a certain type of forest communities. The greatest similarities of specific structure of medicinal plants are oak and birch communities. The number of medicinal plants in forest communities decreases among: oak forests (35 species) birch forests (33 species) pine forests (30 species) maple forests (29 species). With increase in a gigrotope and reduction of a trofotope in community of the national park Buzuluksky Bor located in a forest-steppe zone a variety of medicinal plants increases, however the heliotope has no significant impact on number of medicinal plants. In the territory of national park Buzuluksky Bor it is recommended to collect herbs only in a recreational zone and a zone of informative tourism, and in oak and birch forests. Convallaria majalis, Pteridium aquilinum, Aegopodium podagraria, Polygonatum odoratum are less vulnerable when collecting medicinal raw materials.
CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION OF SOILS TERRITORIES ADJACENT TO THE JSC «MELEUZ MINERAL FERTILIZERS»
Authors: Kosacheva Cristina Andreevna , Garitskaya Marina Yuryevna , Baitelova Alina Ivanovna , Pikus Lyudmila Andreevna
Published: December 2020

Environmental pollution by industrial enterprises, leading to its degradation and impairing the health of the population remains an urgent concern of environmental social and economic importance. At present, more and more land is subject to man-made factors that alter the chemical composition of the soil. All this is the result of agricultural use of various pesticides, fertilizers, plant growth stimulants. But beyond that, many an important role in soil pollution are industrial emissions. This article examines the impact of the enterprise for the production of mineral fertilizers - JSC Meleuz Minetal Fertilizers - the quality of soil and environmental situation developing at a location nearby. On a functional purpose, this area is an area of growing crops. Not very safe is that this site is located within the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone. Monitoring of soil at an early stage allows you to track incipient changes in the environment. To assess the ecological status of the study area were determined indicator of chemical pollution of soils sampled at different distances from the plant, and the ranking according to the degree of ecological trouble. The results of the analysis showed that the highest concentrations of pollutants found in soil samples taken at the minimum distance from the plant. This confirms the impact on the territory of priority chemical plant emissions. Ranking in terms of chemical contamination of soils indicates that the territory adjacent to the JSC Meleuz Mineral Fertilizers, at all distances studied, should be referred to an area with critical ecological situation.
PALEOECOLOGICAL HABITAT OF THE LATE QUATERNARY MOLLUSCS OF THE NORTHERN FORE-CASPIAN LOWLAND ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KOSIKA 1 LOCALITY
Authors: Miftakhova Regina Navkatova , Danukalova Guzel Anvarovna
Published: December 2020

Investigations of the Middle-Late Neopleistocene deposits of the Kosika 1 locality and studied malacological complexes permit to understand changes of the main geological events of the territory and to identify molluscs palaeoecologihal habitats. Brakishwater and freshwater lakes existed on the territory after Early Khazarian Sea regression (beginning of the Late Neopleistocene; layer 1). Marine deposits accumulated during Late Khazarian Sea transgression (first half of the Late Neopleistocene; layer 2). Big river (Paleo-Volga) existed after the regression of the Late Khazarian Sea. This river flow to the south in the direction of the coastline retreatment. Fluvial deposits prove river existence (layer 4). Marine deposits with special key mollusc species accumulated during the Khvalynian Sea transgression. Again, river existed after regression of this sea. Alluvium is on the top of the Khvalynian section, it is contain rich complex of the freshwater and marine mollusc species (layer 5). Fluvial-marine deposits form the underwater delta, which accumulated during Late Khvalynian time. These deposits contain shell fragments of freshwater and marine mollusc species. Deposits of the underwater delta form in the relief elongated hills, which are known as Ber bugor among geomorphologists.
THE EXPERIENCE IN THE APPLICATION OF ZONAL PATCHWORK MODELING IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD'S LARGE VESSELS
Authors: Vasil'yeva Irina Nikolaevna , Salugina Natalya Petrovna
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of experimental works, namely the application of zonal patchwork modeling in the manufacturing of large vessels, the shape and dimensions of which are similar to the Neolithic pitcomb vessels of the Volga region. It is dealt with the problems of identifying methods of designing archaeological ceramics techniques and of the findings verification. The experiment was carried out on the basis of the Samara expedition on the study of ancient pottery. The moulding compound with animal manure and gruss was prepared. Two ways were used: 1) the manufacture of the vessel in the shape of the container in accordance with a bottomcapacitive program of filling designing, with zonal patchwork modeling. Flat squashed lumps of mass in the form of flat cake in size of 4x4 cm and 5x8 cm were used as construction elements; 2) the manufacture of the vessel on the basis-form, the bottom-capacitance filling, small pre-element. The scraps 2.5-3 cm long were applied as building elements; they broke away from the braid 2-2,5 cm in diameter. The building was continuously carried out uninterruptedly in a path similar to the spiral. The experiment demonstrated the possibility and the maximum convenience of manufacturing of round-bottom and sharp-bottom vessels of large sizes with zonal patchwork modeling with the use of different form-models.
THE INVESTIGATION OF METHODS TO APPLY OF «TEXTILE» IMPRINTS ON D'YAKOVO CULTUR CERAMICS
Authors: Lopatina Olga Anatolievna
Published: December 2020

The article contains the results of reconstruction of techniques and instruments, which made textile imprints appear on surface of D'yakovo pottery. The following techniques could cause the appearence of such imprints: 1) constructing in relief concave-forms, 2) paddling, 3) rouletting, 4) punching Experimental evidence allowed to prove that the textile imprints were mainly the result of rouletting. Special research permitted to establish some srecific signs of roueletting by the example of pottery wholly coverd with impressions of cord (nitochnyje). The difference between the similar instruments - the roller winded with thread and the plate paddle winded with tread - were revealed. The technique of rouelling was revealed concerning one more group of pottery - the speckled (ryabchatyje) one. The instrument which was used to apply such imprints was also reconstructed. It is the fir cones with partly removed scales. The scales of the cone could be intentionally removed by a human or eaten round by the rodents. Specifity of the traces of the partly removed scales consists in the special outline of the scales, the imprints of the fibre, the traces of rodents' teeth, the imprints of the longitudinal edge of the scales. The amount of the examined imprints allows to talk about the existence of a certain cultural tradition in the sphere of D'yakovo pottery.
TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ENEOLITHIC CERAMICS OF THE SETTLEMENT NOVOILYINKA III
Authors: Rakhimzhanova Saule Zhangeldyevna
Published: December 2020

In the article is expounded the first results of the special technological research of eneolithic ceramics from excavation of the settlement of novoilyinka iii from northern Kulunda that is dated by the first half of the iii millennium Bc. the research of ceramics is conducted within historical and cultural approach by a.a. Bobrinskys technique by the steps of potters technology relating to a preparatory stage of production.the author recorded an existing on novoilyinka iiis settlement of carriers of different potters traditions in skills of selection and preparation of initial raw materials and drawing up forming mass of ceramics. the most peculiar feature of noboilynkas iii ceramics is an addition of a big quantity of fluff to the moldind mass. the similar cultural tradition in southern siberia isnt revealed yet. as a result of the analysis were revealed 9 different places of mining of initial raw materials. there were allocated 4 different cultural traditions of drawing up forming mass of ceramics. among the 4 allocated recipes of forming masses the most mass - clay + fluff + organic (75, 1%) that talks about a high degree of uniformity of carriers of potters traditions. there was a case where clay + chamotte+ gruss + organic were used by potters and that reflects the mixture of cultural traditions in the field of drawing up forming masses
The genus Rosa L. (Rosaceae) in the herbarium Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of Russian Academy of Sciences (PVB)
Authors: Saksonov Sergey Vladimirovich , Vasjukov Vladimir Mikhailovich , Senator Stepan Aleksandrovich , Rakov Nikolai Sergeevich , Ivanova Anastasia Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The herbarium of the Institute of ecology of the Volga river basin of RAS, Togliatti (PVB) stores about 200 samples from 22 species of Rosa L. (Rosaceae) from 8 sections: Rosa rugosa Thunb. (section Rugosae Chrshan.), Rosa acicularis Lindl., Rosa cinnamomea L., Rosa glabrifolia C.A. Mey. ex Rupr., Rosa pratorum Sukacz., Rosa gorenkensis Besser (section Cinnamomeae DC.), Rosa canina L. s. str., Rosa corymbifera Borkh., Rosa podolica Tratt., Rosa subafzeliana Chrshan., Rosa caesia Sm., Rosa lupulina Dubovik, Rosa dumalis Bechst., Rosa uncinella Besser, Rosa subcanina (Christ) Vuk. (section Caninae DC.), Rosa villosa L., Rosa subpomifera Chrshan. (section Villosae DC.), Rosa rubiginosa L. (section Rubiginosae Desegl.), Rosa glauca Pourr. (section Glaucae Tzvelev), Rosa alba L. (секция Rosa), Rosa spinosissima L. s. str., Rosa tschatyrdagi Chrshan. (section Pimpinellifoliae DC.), collected from the Volga region, southern Urals and adjacent territories: Bashkortostan, Mordovia, Chuvash Republic, Vladimir, Volgograd, Kirov, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Tambov, Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk region. Rosa tschatyrdagi Chrshan. are reported in Samara region for the first time.
Geographical conditions and evolution of vegetation cover of Middle Volga Region in the pliocene
Authors: Senator Stepan Aleksandrovich , Morov Vladimir Pavlovich
Published: December 2020

The development of flora on the territory of the Middle Volga region during the Pliocene is discussed. An attempt to reconstruct geographic conditions and vegetation cover is taken. A short description of the natural environment and landscape, of the vegetation cover of the Middle Volga and adjacent territories is done. The comparative scheme of the total and the regional scales of Pliocene is added. In the given paper one assumes the upper boundary of the Pliocene to be the upper boundary of the Gelasian Stage. The Pliocene is rather turbulent geological period during there was a relatively quick change of warm and cold phases, each of which is characterized by landscape and climate change. Landscape transformations took place against a background of progressive climate cooling with an increase in the contrast of summer and winter temperatures. Main geomorphological structures of the Middle Volga region, such as the Volga Upland, Samara Bend, Zhiguli Mountains, Obshhij Syrt, river network, appeared prior or during this period. Main plant formations in their broadest sense (taiga, broad-leaved and small-leaved forests, steppes) had already been formed by the beginning of the Pliocene. During the Pliocene period the depletion of those plant formations took place. It occurred due to the gradual extinction of thermophilic species and bringing in their composition to modern formations. Most of the species had taken modern form by the end of the Pliocene.
Characteristics of taxonomic structure of flora in the Middle Urals urban areas (Sverdlovsk Region)
Authors: Tretyakova Alyona Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

Research in urban floras is a major field of botanical science. By now, flora of many Russian cities has been studied. At the same time the Urals flora of urbanized areas has not practically been the subject of special investigation. This paper is the first to provide a detailed description of the features of the taxonomic structure of the flora of urbanized areas of the Middle Urals within the Sverdlovsk region and to compare it with the parameters of the regional flora of the Sverdlovsk region. Urban floras of 3 cities in the southern part of the Sverdlovsk region have been studied Yekaterinburg, Krasnoufimsk and Kamensk-Ural, which form a latitudinal catena, covering the Urals region, the mountainous part of the Middle Urals and Trans-Urals. It is shown that the flora of the urbanized areas is characterized by a high level of species richness which increases relative to the area of the city. The taxonomic structure of urban floras, compared with the regional flora, is characterized by a reduced participation of spore plants, due to the extremely poor representation of lycopsids. In the flowering plants the proportion of monocots is reduced and, on the contrary, the proportion of bipartite species is increased. The composition of the leading families of urban floras is typical of the boreal floras of the Holarctic floral kingdom, it is distinguished by the lower rank of the Cyperaceae family and by the rise of the Fabaceae family. Generic spectrum of urban floras is marked by the greater participation of thermophilic genera Atriplex and Chenopodium and very limited representation of boreal genera Hieracium and Taraxacum. Species richness of families and genera in urban floras is markedly lower than in regional boreal flora.
Early Neolithic structures on the Upper Don
Authors: Smolyaninov Roman Viktorovich
Published: December 2020

The peculiarity of the flood plain settlements on the river Don watershed and its tributaries is the fact that almost all of them are multi-layered. Early neolithic structures are a very rare find for the Upper Don territory. There are only two of them that are known. The first of them was investigated by V.P. Levenko by Fish Lake 2 in 1964. The second was investigated by the author of this article in 2012. They are light ground structures. Both of them are oval-shaped, about 11 and 18 square meters, slightly recessed in the mainland. Early Neolithic sites were seasonal. The structure from the Fish Lake 2 settlement had a hearth and probably functioned in the cold season. Structure from Vasilevsky Cordon 3 settlement functioned in the warm season, as no traces of the hearth were found in the explored structure. It is interesting to observe, that in each of the buildings only fragments of only one vessel were found. The same situation is observed in two Early Neolithic dwellings from the Vyunova Lake and Ytuz ancient sites in the Middle Volga. Both buildings belong to Karamyshevskaya Neolithic culture. They both are dated to the same period in time. Ceramics from settlement Vasilevsky Cordon 3 settlement are traced to one and the same date 5868 + 120 BP (1 50364458 BC) (SPb 1638).
Contemporaries’ memoirs about N.V. Charykov’s diplomatic activity
Authors: Chernov Oleg Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on N.V. Charykov, who was an outstanding Russian diplomat who played an important role in Russias foreign policy. His activity is reflected in many official documents. However, they not fully represent his interaction with other civil servants of the Russian empire, and, consequently, do not reflect in full the atmosphere in which the diplomat worked. At the same time, autobiographical sources containing a subjective approach by definition are not capable of giving objective characteristic of his activity. We do not consider the memoirs of the diplomat himself, as our objective is to find out his contemporariess opinion of him. The considered memoirs can be classified in two basic types diaries and memoirs. Diaries can be divided into two types business and personal. The latter are much less informative than the former. A personal diary has an advantage over a business one from the point of view of the emotional colouring and to a certain degree reproduces attitudes of the individuals described. The memoirists line of activity is important. Diplomats memoirs contain a better weighed appraisal of the diplomats activity. The authors, who were not diplomats themselves, display their incompetence. The memoirs contain different, sometimes opposite assessment of the diplomats activity, that is another proof of their subjectivity. At the same time, they help to better understand the motives of N.V. Charykovs activity and the attitude of the milieu to him.
Preparing future teachers to work with children experiencing difficulties in mastering basic educational programs of general education, development and social adaptation
Authors: Kondaurova Inessa Konstantinovna
Published: December 2020

The article describes the author's approach to the design and implementation of professional-methodical training of future math teachers to work with children experiencing difficulties in mastering basic educational programs of general education, development and social adaptation, including children with disabilities, in the context of the requirements of the National educational initiative Our new school, the National strategy of actions in interests of children for 2012-2017, a number of other normative documents. Objectives of the study, expected outcomes and approximate contents of the section Methods of teaching mathematics to students with difficulties in mastering basic educational programs of general education, development and social adaptation, including children with disabilities discipline Methods of teaching mathematics to children with special educational needs. The structure of the content is presented in three modules. The first is the study of psycho-pedagogical aspects and regulatory documents providing training, education and development of students with difficulties in mastering basic educational programs of general education, development and social adaptation. The second module includes general questions of methodology of teaching mathematics to students with difficulties in mastering basic educational programs of general education, development and social adaptation. The third module presents particular questions of methods of teaching mathematics to students with difficulties in mastering basic educational programs of general education, development and social adaptation. In conclusion, the article presents recommendations on organization of educational and research activity of future teachers of mathematics in the context of the methodological material examined.
Indicators and conditions of formation of technical university bachelors professional competences in the course of mathematical disciplines
Authors: Kochetova Tatiana Nikolaevna , Ilina Larisa Aidarovna , Eremicheva Oksana Urievna
Published: December 2020

A set of competences is the result of the modern professional school education. This set of competences is set by federal state educational standards of higher education.To achieve the required level of training is possible if the educational organization creates conditions for fundamental and at the same time professionally oriented education. It is necessary to develop tools and to describe evaluation procedures in order to describe the outcomes of education. The article describes the training of bachelors of State and Municipal Management and focuses on professional competence PC-7, which in accordance with the basic educational program of the Samara State Technical University, is to be formed by the disciplines comprising the basic part of the curriculum. To develop this competence one must master the method of investigating the phenomena and processes through the construction and study of their mathematical models. Application of this method reduces the solution of professional problems to mathematical modeling and subsequent study of the resulting model. To provide students with practice in resolving professional problems in the field of economy management, the authors developed a scheme of the use of real process modeling. Experience of teaching mathematical disciplines allowed the authors to outline organizational and pedagogical conditions, the implementation of which contributes to the formation of the competence in question. The effectiveness of the outlined conditions is proved experimentally. Indicators and performance criteria for the evaluation of the competence formation in the course of mathematics and basics of mathematical modeling of socio-economic processes are formulated.
Specially protected natural area «Sources of the Krymza River»: modern state and protection of (Syzransky District, Samara Region)
Authors: Saksonov Sergey Vladimirovich , Novikova Lyubov Aleksandrovna , Mitroshenkova Anna Evgenyevna , Rakov Nikolai Sergeevich , Senator Stepan Aleksandrovich , Dronin Grigoriy Valeryevich , Golovlev Aleksei Alekseevich
Published: December 2020

In the article contains information about present state of specially protected natural area, natural monument of regional significance Sources of the Krymza River (Syzransky District, Samara Region), its flora, vegetation and rare plant species. Phytocenotic diversity represented by 9 types of plant communities. Marge complex is formed by Bromopsis riparia + variiherbetum, Carex acuta + variiherbetum and Calamagrostis epigeios+variiherbetum communities. In the upper part of the river Krymzy laid on geobotanical profile ravine in the direction from left to right slope communities are located in the profile as follows: Quercus robur-Corylus avellana-Aegopodium podagraria Tilia cordata-Corylus avellan-variiherbetum Acer platanoides-Urtica dioica Acer platanoides-Corylus avellana-Carex pilosa Quercus robur-Brachypodium pinnatum Populus tremula-Calamagrostis epigeios; bordered the profile on both sides of the community Calamagrostis epigeios+variiherbetum. The floristic diversity of the territory is represented by 337 species of vascular plants belonging to 199 genera, 59 families and 4 department. The flora 1 species (Iris aphylla) is included in the Red Book of Russia, and 12 species in the Red Book of Samara Region: Drymochloa sylvatica, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Laser trilobum, Maianthemum bifolium, Matteuccia struthiopteris, Athyrium filix-femina, Bromopsis benekenii, Crataegus volgensis, Epipactis helleborine, Helichrysum arenarium, Iris aphylla and Primula macrocalyx. These data show that modern state of the natural monument Sources of the Krymza River characterized by stability floral and phytocenotic indicators. Economic exploitation is here reduced to only traditional for him to collect berries locals, run cattle and fire protection.
Flint complex of the Mariupol burial ground
Authors: Kolesnik Alexander Victorovich
Published: December 2020

The Mariupol burial ground is one of the largest Neolithic sites of Eastern Europe. The funeral complex consists of 124 burials many of which include rich grave goods. Flint artifacts, usually single plate-like flint knives, have been found in 40 graves. In burials there also were end and oval scrapers, microlithics, axes, triangular arrowheads with bilateral treatment. The industry has been based on squeezing plates of average size. Flint tools were selected specially for burial. Flint artifacts have only been found in graves with other grave goods. In some graves there were rather numerous congestions of flint tools from 10 to 25 tools and their workpieces. In these backpack sets plates and tools made of them also prevail. Backpack sets of the Mariupol burial ground are divided into two types. The first type includes mainly unspecialized stone tools. Backpack sets of the second type consist of stone tools and household objects, i.e. jewelry made of bone, shells and stone, ochre. The trapezes and plates were used as arrowheads and their parts. Two flint axes with polished edges are found in one of the burials. The flint industry of the Mariupol burial ground is comparable to the industry of a Neolithic layer of the Kalmius settlement in Mariupol on the opposite right river bank. Probably, the burial ground has been made by residents of the settlement. Flint products are found both in male and in female burials.
Ceramic vessels with cord ornamentation on the north-west Russia (basing on the materials of the layer α settlement Setreya II)
Authors: Tkach Evgenia Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

For the last decades interest to the Corded Ware cultures has increased. This is connected with the opening of new settlements and with new data, obtained by the latest scientific methods (C-14, aDNA). Territory of the Lovat-Dzvina interfluve is a border zone along the Western Dzvina (Daugava) river. Here we could trace the interaction between different cultural traditions of the ancient population. One of the settlements, where this is possible, is layer of the settlement Serteya II. This is a multilayer settlement and archaeological material here included vessels from the different periods from Early Neolithic to the Iron Age. 28 vessels are associated with Corded Ware cultures. They are distinguished by the ornamentation method cord impressions use on pottery. Their characteristic feature is also an admixture of grass in the dough and patches use during vessels making. Specific to the Corded Ware cultures pottery forms (amphora and beakers) were also found. Analogies of these types can be found in Poland, the Baltic States and in the materials of Fatyanovo culture. Their discovery among studied settlement may be regarded as an import and indicates a possible infiltration of the Corded Ware cultures inhabitants on the Lovat-Dzvina interfluve in Late Neolithic.
N.V. Charykov’s activities on reforming the ministry of foreign affairs of Russia
Authors: Chernov Oleg Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The problem of reforming the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire in the beginning of XX century was widely highlighted in historical literature. However, the role of N.V. Charykov is covered very briefly. Since he was the chairman of the council on the reform of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it seemed necessary to explore his ideas and role in this transformative direction. He became the head of the council on the reform of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after he had an appointment to a deputy minister of Foreign Affairs. It happened after A.P. Izvolsky (N.V. Charykovs friend and classmate at Imperial Alexander Lyceum) had become a foreign minister. N.V. Charykov denotes that A.P. Izvolsky invited him to become the deputy minister of Foreign Affairs. All the legal affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs were transferred under authority of N.V. Charykov by A.P. Izvolsky. N.V. Charykov took up his post as the deputy minister of Foreign Affairs and was the head of the council on the reform of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, implemented thoughtful and meticulous work. He could establish coordination among the actions of all the departments from which the reform was dependent on. Furthermore, he believed in the necessity of changing the structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, linking it to the need to increase funding. Besides, he stood out for maintaining diplomatic correspondence in Russian instead of French. The important point was a democratization of the diplomatic exam on the one hand and an increase of the level of educational requirements for candidates on the other.
Informal religiosity of central Volga area and Ural area «Muslim» peoples in 1960–1970
Authors: Idiatullov Azat Korbangalievich , Galimova Lilia Nadipovna
Published: December 2020

In recent years there has been an increased interest in Islam and Islamic law. Islam plays a very significant role in the modern world. Close interaction between legal and religious prescriptions of Islam, the religious basis of Muslim law, Muslim character is not in doubt. The article analyses informal religiosity of Muslim peoples of the Middle Volga and Urals in the 19601970. This time for relations between the authorities and Islamic institutions is relatively liberal. The restoration and development of official, allowed in the Soviet Union, as well as quite nontraditional for the Soviet time Islamic practices are noted by the authorities in the Middle Volga and the Urals. The reports name such informal forms of religiosity as neo-paganism, wandering mullahs, unofficial Muslim groups, worship, places of burial of saints and Sufi sources. The authorities, the party authorities, the official Muslim clergy stopped all forms of unofficial religiosity. For the Muslim peoples Islam has often been the subject of interest as a cultural component of their traditional worldview rather than a religious system. The authors believe that the Islamic religion has moved from ethno-cultural to the personal, informal level.
Pedagogical conditions of artistic taste formation among the students in the process of professional training
Authors: Birukov Mikhail Yurievich
Published: December 2020

The spiritual life of a modern man includes the variety of feelings which as the baton of the historical, cultural national experience is passed from the past to the future generations. So the artistic taste is the part of practically all mans feelings. As we think the upbringing of soul which is capable to empathize is one of the main aims of the modern pedagogy. Embodiment of principles of democracy, humanistic priorities in development of artistic culture determine deep changes in the field of formation of personality artistic taste. A problem of development and formation of personality artistic taste is difficult, ambiguous and investigated by the representatives of different sciences. The criteria of aesthetic estimation of all spheres of peoples vital functions are focused in artistic taste, s/he comes forward as invariant basis for creation of personality-unique forms of behavior, thought and creative activity of personality. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and making foundations on the general methodological points of the modern pedagogical science for more efficient forming of the artistic taste of the students majoring in art in the process of professional training the article defines the pedagogical conditions: the integration of the disciplines of aesthetic and art cycle; the synthesis of the spatial types of art; use of variety of the creative art activity; the organization of the systematic acquaintance of students with the aesthetic and art values. Pedagogical conditions in the real teaching and educational process must be realized simultaneously.
Retrospective analysis and modern tendencies of swimmers’ movement technique development at different stages of many years sports training
Authors: Vershinin Mikhail Alexandrovich , Pinyasova Mariya Valerievna
Published: December 2020

Based on retrospective analysis of scientific-methodical literature the article deals with the analysis of trends of swimmers movement technique development at different stages of many year sports training. The authors describe the movement technique in swimming with basic concepts of biomechanical and fluid mechanics. Kinematical characteristics including spatial-temporal, temporal and spatial parame-ters of the athletes movements are investigated. This article considers the dynamics of change of such indicators of technical readiness as rhythm and the stroke rate at different stages of swimmers sport training. Based on data analysis of specialized literature the authors concluded that on the initial stages of sports training swimmers results increase due to the change in the length of step and at the stage of higher sports skill by changing of stroke rate. The authors study the age dynamics of step length and tempo at the initial training, initial and advanced specialization formation which takes place in three stages: 1) mastering the technique of swimming at optimal amplitude; 2) gradual stretching, the elonga-tion step; 3) search for optimum correlation between stride length and tempo. On the basis of study of step length growth of young athletes aged 9 15 years, the authors conclude that rhythm-based tech-nology course in swimming is generated starting from the initial stage of long-term preparation.
Features of development and implementation of courses of the educational field «Mathematics» in distance education system
Authors: Makarova Elena Leonidovna , Pugach Olga Isaakovna
Published: December 2020

Effective application of distance technologies, even at the level of individual courses in most universities is faced with a number of organizational, methodological problems. The final design of the regulatory framework the problem of implementation of these technologies in the field of theoretical research and experimental work in the practical implementation of the plane. The authors consider a wide range of problems arising from the mass introduction of e-learning in educational practice, their classification on various grounds. When the authors of the work are based on practical experience in the development of the course Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science for students training areas Teacher Education profiles Informatics and Computer Science and Foreign Language on the basis of a learning management system Moodle. Also studied a number of aspects related to the characteristics of the studied subject area (in Mathematics example of educational area). We formulate the necessary conditions for effective use of e-learning technologies. These conditions, from the point of view of the authors, speakers, among others participated in the implementation of the university administration, the formation of a uniform by the level of the basic mathematical training a group of students, the formation of a thesaurus (semantic web) course in the classroom working with students, as well as a phased approach to solving complex text assignments, requiring the construction of a formal mathematical model in the subject area. We offer some simple criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of (increased performance and students' motivation, optimization of time working teachers, reducing the number of chronic debtors in the discipline).
Syntaxonomic diversity of pasture ecosystems vegetation in south-east Ukraine
Authors: Ostapko Vladimir Mikhailovich , Shevchuk Oksana Mikhailovna , Prikhodko Svetlana Anatolievna
Published: December 2020

This work presents research data on pasture ecosystems vegetation in south-east Ukraine. This survey was carried out during 19982011 by route and semi-permanent methods. All botanical and geographical chorions of lower level within the territory of our region were explored. The representation of vegetation formations and associations were studied in following pasture steppe ecosystems: watershed ecosystems with differentiated black soil (43 formations, 425 associations), ravine-gully ecosystems with eroded black soil (81 formations, 750 associations), ravine-gully ecosystems with eroded to granite black soil (48 formations, 293 associations), ravine-gully ecosystems with eroded to limestone black soil (39 formations, 355 associations), above flood-plain terraced ecosystems with cretaceous soil (46 formations, 220 associations), above flood-plain terraced sandy ecosystems (24 formations, 140 associations). It is shown that syntaxonomic diversity of natural pasture ecosystems vegetation is dominantly represented by 1029 associations and 178 formations (37% and 33% from associations and formations of regional native vegetation). As far as steppe ecosystems are concerned, 920 associations and 147 formations are registered (33% and 27% from associations and formations of regional native vegetation). As for meadow ecosystems, we registered 424 associations and 80 formations (15% and 14% from native associations and formations, respectively). The highest syntaxonomic diversity is characteristic of ravine-gully ecosystems on eroded to loess black soil, the lowest diversity of all the steppe ecosystems is reported for above flood-plain terraced sandy steppes. Among meadows, vegetation of salt and marsh meadows has the lowest diversity.
Petrophytic-steppe communities of the Mogutova Mountain (Zhiguli Hills)
Authors: Sidyakina Larisa Valerievna , Vasjukov Vladimir Mikhailovich , Saksonov Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The Mogutova Mountain domal erosive ostanets in the north of the Zhigulyovsk hill, lies in national park Samara Luka. Communities petrophytic steppes are formed on calcareous exposures of steep slopes of the western, southern and east expositions of the mountain Mogutova. Petrophytic-steppe communities on a slope of east exposition are described petrophytic-forbs-feather grass steppe (Stipa capillata+Stipa pennata + Herbae stepposae), on a slope of west exposition petrophytic-sunrose-feather grass steppe (Stipa pennata + Helianthemumnummularium), on a slope of south exposition petrophytic-thyme-sedge-feather grass steppe (Stipa pulcherrima + Carex pediformis + Thymus zheguliensis). In the studied communities three narrow-local of endemic species of the Zhigulyovsk hill grows:Euphorbia zhiguliensis, Gypsophila juzepczukii, Thymus zheguliensisand three of subendemic species grows:Festuca wolgensiss.str., Tanacetum sclerophyllum(endemics of Central Volga area),Koeleria sclerophylla(endemic of Central Volga area and South Ural); the relict element of flora is presented by three species:Alyssum lenense, Clausia aprica, Helianthemum nummularium. Five species are included in the Red book of the Russian Federation:Astragalus zingeri, Euphorbia zhiguliensis, Koeleria sclerophylla, Stipa pennata, Thymus zheguliensis; sixteen species are included in the Red book of the Samara region:Adonanthe vernalis, Alyssum lenense, Astragalus zingeri, Clausia aprica, Cotoneaster laxiflorus, Euphorbia zhiguliensis, Festuca wolgensis, Gypsophila juzepczukii, Helianthemum nummularium, Koeleria sclerophylla, Onosma volgensis, Pulsatilla patens, Scabiosa isetensis, Stipa pennata, Tanacetum sclerophyllum, Thymus zheguliensis.The most widespread plants of petrophytic steppes of the Mogutova Mountain:Astragalus zingeri, Carex pediformis, Echinops ruthenicus, Galium hexanarium, Gypsophila juzepczukii, Helictotrichon desertorum, Jurinea ledebourii, Onosma volgensis, Psephellus carbonatus, Stipa pennata, Tanacetum sclerophyllum, Thesium ramosum, Thymus zheguliensis.
Neolithic site Algay in Low Povolzhye
Authors: Yudin Alexander Ivanovich , Vybornov Alexander Alexeevich , Vasilieva Irina Nicolaevna , Kosintsev Pavel Andreevich , Kulkova Marianna Alexeevna , Goslar Tomasz , Philippsen Bente , Baratskov Alexey Valerievich
Published: December 2020

The paper reports the results of the research at Neolithic site Algay in Saratov region in steppe Povolzhye in 2015. The existence of two levels of cultural layer was traced. New data on the pottery of Orlovskaya culture and the technology of its making were obtained. The vessels were made of clay with clamshell additive or of silt. Stone tools are represented by plaques, scrapers, points and geometric microliths. The co-occurance of trapezoids with planed back and segments with Geluanskaya retouch was noted. The determination of osteological remains at the site shows tour, tarpan, onager and saiga prevailing. Domestic dog bones were found. They were in the layer dated back to 5700 BC. Radiocarbon dating of different materials (bones, charred organic remains, charcoal) from the site makes it possible to compare the results. The low level dates back to between 5800 and 5400 BC and the upper level to 4800 BC. These dates allow to confirm the site development from VI to the beginning of V millennium BC in calibrated meanings. It allows to correct the chronology of the Neolithic in the Low Povolzhye.