bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AS A REGULATORY ASPECT
Authors: PAVITHRA G. M. , MANORANJITH  , NAGALAKSHMI S.
Published: March 2021

Technology Transfer is fundamental and crucial to the drug development process for new drug products. The great decision is based on that factor in which the concept or process is advanced from research and development-oriented scheme to aimed towards the commercialization of the drug. The transfer could also be said to achieve success if the receiving section and the transferee can efficiently use the technology for profit. The achievement relies upon an understanding of the process or the capability to predict exactly the future prospects of a process. The main intention of this review article is to study the Regulatory aspects of technology transfer. This review article is mainly focused on the Consequence of technology transfer, the purpose for technology transfer in industries, barriers concerned with technology transfer, classification regarding technology transfer, facets of technology transfer, and steps among technology transferThis review was carried out by systematic searches of data integrity in relevant ICH, WHO, and US guidelines, published articles, reviews and abstracts in Google scholar, Pubmed, Science direct, Embase, Web of science of articles up to 2020.
DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSPRAY WITH SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM USING SINERGISTIC COMBINATION OF MELASTOMA MALABATHRICUM L. FRACTION AND GENTAMICIN
Authors: PRATIWI LIZA , SARI RAFIKA , APRIDAMAYANTI PRATIWI
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aimed to design a formula using Design-Expert software to obtain optimal Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) formulas and to analyze nanospray characteristics of optimal SNEDDS.

Methods: The study began with preparing ethanol extract from Melastoma malabathricum. The extract was then fractionated using ethyl acetate. The formulation design stage began with a solubility test of Melastoma malabathricum fraction and gentamicin (MFG) in various surfactants, co-surfactants and oils. Furthermore, the 14 formula of SNEDDS with various compositions of the selected surfactants, co-surfactants and oils were formulated and evaluated with pH response and emulsification time. Analysis was carried out using Design-Expert software with the simplex lattice design method in order to obtain the optimal formula profile. The pH, emulsification time, particle size, and zeta potential of the nanospray from SNEDDS optimal formulas were physically characterized. Stability of SNEDDS and the nanospray was then tested with freeze-thaw cycling and in vitro diffusion studies with Franz diffusion.

Results: Based on the study, the ratios of optimal formula SNEDDS composition of Tween 80, propylene glycol, and soybean oil were 2.69: 2.64: 1.67 parts. Nanospray with SNEDDS technology had characteristics of pH 5.61±0.16, emulsification time 7.68±0.18, particle size 270.7 nm, and zeta potential-37.20 mV, and it was stable.

Conclusion: Nanospray can be formulated from optimal SNEDDS using Design-Expert software. Nanospray with SNEDDS technology has physical characteristics and is stable. In vitro diffusion studies revealed that the release of Melastoma malabathricum from nanospray was faster than that without preparation.
IBUPROFEN LOADED ORGANOGEL: DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: UPADHYAY CHANDRA PRABHA , BHARKATIYA MEENAKSHI
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aimed to develop and in vitro characterize an organogel (OG) loaded Ibuprofen.

Methods: Organogel (OG) composed of water, isooctane, sorbitan esters, sorbitan monopalmitate (Span-40), and poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate-60) was loaded with Ibuprofen. The partial phase behavior of ibuprofen OG was studied to optimize the formulation composition. 1.0% w/w Ibuprofen loaded OG were characterize for rheological, in vitro release and stability study.

Results: Phase diagram showed an isotropic gel region at low water contents, which converted to emulsion on increasing water quantity. The rheological properties of the OG incorporating 1.0% w/w Ibuprofen shows the presence of two Tg’s and elastic behavior of gel, reflects the presence of an entangled network of aqueous tubules. The fractal dimension df value of 2.1 and 2.3 was obtained for the two curves (elastic and storage modulus), which is indicative of the formation of the densest gel structure. The diffusional release exponent (n) was found to be ~0.7 (0.5<n<1), which is indicative of non-Fickian, anomalous diffusion of the drug from the OG. The in vitro drug release exhibited release @ 7.04%/h 0.7/cm2 from the OG. Ibuprofen containing OG was stable for 28 d in terms of chemical potency and gel stiffness at 4 °C and room temperature (~25 °C).

Conclusion: The study indicates the potential of OG for improved transdermal delivery of Ibuprofen.
THE RESEARCH UPDATES AND PROSPECTS OF HERBAL HARD-BOILED LOZENGES: A CLASSICAL PLATFORM WITH PROMISING DRUG DELIVERY POTENTIAL
Authors: SAHOO MANAS RANJAN , UMASHANKAR MARAKANAM SRINIVASAN , VARIER RAMESH RAGHAVA
Published: March 2021

Over the past decades major focus has been given towards innovative drug delivery systems and new dosage forms. This is due to highly expensive process and high attrition rates of existing marketed drugs. Hard-boiled lozenges (HBLs) are one of the solid dosage form designed to release the drug in saliva for either local or systemic effects. Typical application of lozenegs includes throat infection, pharyngitis, cough suppressant, nasal-decongestant, expectorants, and smoking cessation. The drug delivery through the hard-boiled candies has an easy marketing advantage due to its attractive appearance and patient compliance. As a part of the drug is absosrbed into systemic circulation, gastrointestinal degradation and fast pass effects are avoided. Further, drug delivery through hard-boiled lozenges can be potential platform for some of the suitable drug candidates. This review on hard-boiled lozenges discusses manufacturing process, characterization techniques, quality control, research studies and market potential of hard-boiled lozenges. The major databases searched were, PubMed, Wiley Online, Medline, Elsevier, Google scholar, Scopus, ACS, The Royal Society of Chemistry, SciFinder, Baidu Scholars, CNKI, web of science, Cochrane database, US Patents, Espacenet and various business reviews. This review provides comprehensive information on hard-boiled lozenges that will help the pharmaceutical scientist from academia as well pharmaceutical industry to leverage the potential of this conventional dosage form for various herbal drugs and other pharmaceutical actives.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DISPERSIBLE TABLET OF PIROXICAM
Authors: S. H. GIRISH , C. SURABHI , P. SATHISH BABU , S. MEENAKSHI , SIDDARAMAIAH  , K. S. NITHIN , GOWDA D. V.
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate the solid self-micro emulsifying dispersible tablets for promoting the dissolution of Piroxicam.

Methods: Solubility study test was performed to know the solubility of various oil phase, surfactants, cosurfactants. Self-emulsifying grading test was done by visual grading system. Ternary phase diagrams and droplet size analysis test were performed to screen and optimize the Piroxicam-self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDS). Then microcrystalline cellulose (KG802) was added as a suitable adsorbent and dispersible tablet were prepared by wet granulation compression method.

Results: The final composition of Piroxicam-SMEDS was oil phase (oleic acid, 23%), surfactant (Cremophor R H-40,61%), co-surfactant (PEG-400,16%) based on the result of solubility test, self-emulsifying grading test, droplet size analysis and ternary phase diagrams. Microcrystalline cellulose (KG802) was selected based on dissolution study (98.35%) and added to liquid Piroxicam-Smeds formulation to form dispersible tablets. The in vitro dissolution study showed 98.02 % of drug release from Piroxicam-SMEDS tablets.

Conclusion: Piroxicam–Self microemulsifying dispersible tablets have increased the solubility and bioavailability of the Piroxicam to a greater extent. SMEDS formulation can help the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs.
NIOSOMES AS AN APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE SOLUBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF BCS CLASS II DRUGS
Authors: SAWANT GAURANG , BHAGWAT GEETA
Published: March 2021

Based on their solubility and permeability, drugs are typically divided into four classes (Classes I–IV) according to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). Of these classes, BCS class II drugs have high permeability and low solubility; not only do these characteristics constitute the rate-limiting step in the formulation of these drugs but the low solubility in water results in low bioavailability. Thus, methods for improving their solubility have been developed using lipid carriers such as liposomes, niosomes, and aquasomes; other approaches include self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) and self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Currently, niosome-based drug delivery systems that utilize nonionic surfactants, drugs, and cholesterol in varying ratios are being widely used to deliver both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs in addition to several other applications of niosomes.
DESIGN EXPERT SUPPORTED FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, MATHEMATICAL OPTIMIZATION AND PREDICTABILITY STUDY OF FLOATING TABLETS OF BISOPROLOL FUMARATE
Authors: AHMAD SHAIKH SHAOOR , N. SHAIKH SIRAJ , SIDDIK PATEL M. , YUNUS KHALIFA MAHMADASIF , I. MAKRANI SHAHARUKH , A. SIDDIQI HIFZURRAHMAN MD , ISMAIL SHAIKH SALMAN
Published: March 2021

Objective: Focus of the study was to formulate Design expert Software assisted floating tablet of Bisoprolol Fumarate. Bisoprolol Fumarate is a Beta adrenergic blocking agent, used to treat cardiac diseases favorable characters to be formulated as sustained release Gastro retentive floating tablets.

Methods: Floating Tablets of Bisoprolol Fumarate were prepared by using polymers such as Polyox N 12 K and Carbapol 940 P. Formulations were prepared by using direct compression method and evaluated for various parameters like Hradness, thickness, weight variations, Floating lag time Total floating time,% drug release and Stability Study etc.

Results: FTIR spectroscopic study indicates no drug-excipients interaction in the prepared formulations. Hardness or crushing strength of the tablets of all the formulation was found between 5.8 and 6.5 kg/cm2. Floating lag time of all batches is in range of 1.18±2.0 to 2.43±1.6 (minutes). All other parameters of all batches are within an acceptable range. The polymer Carbopol 940 P had the significant negative effect of on the floating lag times. The In vitro dissolution profiles of optimized A3 Floating formulation of Bisoprolol Fumarate were found to sustain drug release 99.25 % up to 12 h with floating lag time of 1.45 min; Designed formulation was stable after Stability study. Optimization study was carried out by using 32 factorial designs to fabricate formulations.

Conclusion: It can be conclude that reproducible results of various parameters in this developed formulation can easily scale up. Furthermore designed formulation will be very effective for controlling blood pressure.
Communication as Cure
Authors: McIntyre Hannah
Published: March 2021

Fleeing oncoming enemy forces in Southern France in the summer of 1940, Leonora Carrington passed into Spain and suffered a mental breakdown. Written in the summer of 1943 in an abandoned embassy building in Mexico City, the essay Down Below recalls this treatment in unnerving detail, anticipating later (semi-)autobiographical works such as Janet Frame’s Faces in the Water (1961) or Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar (1963). This essay seeks to build upon this scholarship by examining the composition of the text as a ‘treatment’ in itself, thus centring the clinical reality of Carrington’s experience, but also re-asserting her authorial agency. The intensely complex gestation of the text is, the author argues, intrinsic to its central themes and concerns, as well as constituting an essential element of the journey from illness to health. The author draws a comparison between the dehumanising effects of the sanitorium and the convulsive drug Cardiazol, whereby the isolation of madness is unbearably heightened; and the collaborative restoration of identity that occurs through narration.
The Intersectional Madwoman Outside the Attic
Authors: Khan Scheherazade
Published: March 2021

The novels Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys and Nervous Conditions by Tsitsi Dangarembga break the silence surrounding Africana women’s intersectional experiences through the representation of madness that viscerally rejects the patriarchal, colonial and even literary burdens in the novels by unapologetically asserting hybridised identities.
Defining Illness, Impediment, and Inspiration
Authors: Ghosh Adrija
Published: March 2021

In 2020, Merriam-Webster declared ‘pandemic’ as their Word of the Year, claiming in a press release that “sometimes a single word defines an era”.
Биоморфный нейропроцессор – прототип компьютера нового поколения, являющегося носителем искусственного интеллекта. Часть 2
Authors: Удовиченко С.Ю. , Писарев А.Д. , Бусыгин А.Н. , Бобылев А.Н.
Published: March 2021

Во входном и выходном устройствах биоморфного нейропроцессора происходят первичная и конечная обработка информации. Представлены результаты по сжатию на входе цифровой информации и ее кодированию в импульсы, а также по декодированию информации об активации нейронов на выходе в цифровой двоичный код. Представлена реализация аппаратной нейросети процессора на основе оригинальной биоморфной электрической модели нейрона. Приведены результаты SPICE-моделирования и экспериментального исследования процессов обработки сигналов в режимах маршрутизации выходных импульсов нейронов на синапсы других нейронов в логической матрице, скалярного умножения матрицы чисел на вектор, а также ассоциативного самообучения в запоминающей матрице. Впервые продемонстрирована генерация новой ассоциации (нового знания) как в компьютерном моделировании, так и в изготовленном мемристорно-диодном кроссбаре, в отличие от самообучения в существующих аппаратных нейросетях с синапсами на базе дискретных мемристоров.

Primary and ultimate information processing takes place in the input and output devices of the biomorphic neuroprocessor. The results are presented on the compression of digital information at the input and its
coding into pulses, as well as on the decoding of information about the activation of neurons at the output into a digital binary code. An implementation of a hardware neural network of a processor based on an
original biomorphic electrical model of a neuron is presented. The results of SPICE modeling and experimental research of signal processing processes in the modes of routing neuron output pulses to synapses of other neurons in a logical matrix, scalar multiplication of a matrix of numbers by a vector, and associative selflearning in a memory matrix are presented. For the first time, the generation of a new association (new knowledge) was demonstrated both in computer simulation and in a fabricated memristor-diode crossbar, in contrast to self-learning in existing hardware neural networks with synapses based on discrete memristors.
Применение поверхностно-­пористых ВЭЖХ-колонок для проведения рутинных анализов на стандартном ВЭЖХ-оборудовании
Authors: Сычев К.С. , Окунская Е.А. , Галушко И.А. , Орловский В.В.
Published: March 2021

В статье показана практическая возможность успешного применения поверхностно-­пористых фаз для выполнения рутинных анализов на стандартном ВЭЖХ-оборудовании с применением стандартного объема инжектирования 20 мкл и давления 400 и 600 бар, соответственно. В этих условиях для 2,7-мкм поверхностно-­пористых адсорбентов была достигнута удельная эффективность порядка 200–220 тыс. т. т. / м. Результаты проиллюстрированы реальными примерами ВЭЖХ-разделений из методик, разработанных специалистами компании ИП Сычев К. С. / I.B.S.
Современные тенденции развития парофазного газохроматографического анализа
Authors: Родинков О.В.
Published: March 2021

В обзорной статье, подготовленной по материалам доклада на IV Всероссийской конференции «Аналитическая хроматография и капиллярный электрофорез» (Краснодар, сентябрь 2020), обсуждаются современные тенденции развития парофазного газохроматографического анализа – одного из наиболее востребованных методов определения летучих, прежде всего, органических соединений в различных объектах: окружающей среде, биологических жидкостях, фармацевтических препаратах, пищевых продуктах и многих других. Рассмотрены достоинства и недостатки статических, динамических и проточных вариантов парофазного анализа и перспективы их дальнейшего развития.
Разработка компаратора ПКМ 100
Authors: Степанов С.Н. , Петров А.В. , Степанов С.С.
Published: March 2021

Описана конструкция и особенности работы компаратора ПКМ 100, предназначенного для измерения срединной длины и определения отклонения от плоскопараллельности концевых эталонных плоскопараллельных мер длины второго, третьего и четвертого разрядов и рабочих классов точности 1–5 длиной от 0,1 до 100 мм. Подробно описана конструкция кассеты для базирования КМД от 0,5 до 100 мм и схема измерения на компараторе ПКМ 100. Разработана специальная кассета на основе плоской стеклянной пластины ПИ 60 для базирования тонких мер номинальной длиной от 0,1 до 0,5 мм, в которой выполнены каналы для подвода вакуума и надежной фиксации концевых мер с размерами поперечного сечения 20 × 9 и 15 × 5 мм. Приведена методика и результаты поверки компаратора, подтверждающие его технические характеристики, которые позволяют использовать компаратор для поверки концевых мер второго разряда.
Ampliación del ámbito de distribución del coyote (Canis latrans) en la Península de Osa, Costa Rica
Authors: Carazo-Salazar Javier , Haroutiounian Tico , Artavia Adolfo , Bone-Guzmán Raquel , Paniagua Dionisio
Published: March 2021

RESUMENEn las últimas décadas el coyote (Canis latrans) ha colonizado nuevos hábitats, ampliando su distribución en Centroamérica. En este trabajo reportamos los primeros registros de la especie en la Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce y el Parque Nacional Corcovado, lo que extiende su distribución en Costa Rica.Palabras clave: Canidae, Carnivora, colonización, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce.ABSTRACTIn the last decades the coyote (Canis latrans) has colonized new habitats, expanding its distribution in Central America. We report the first records of the species in the Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve and Corcovado National Park, increasing is distribution in Costa Rica.Key words: Canidae, Carnivora, colonization, Corcovado National Park, Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve.
Ciervo
Authors: Ortega-Reyes Jorge , Morelos Mercedes
Published: March 2021

La vida académica en México ha evolucionado bastante desde que se publicó la primera columna de CIERVO en 1995. Resulta gratificante ver cómo ha incrementado el número de publicaciones y tesis referentes a los mamíferos de México, lo cual habla positivamente sobre el crecimiento del gremio en nuestro país. En esta ocasión retomamos esta sección dentro de la Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología, nueva época con dos subsecciones: la primera dedicada a un breve resumen sobre un artículo destacado en el año y la segunda que tiene como propósito presentar una compilación de las tesis recientemente publicadas en México.
An experimental study of a shear connection of steel-reinforced concrete slabs with angle shear studs
Authors: Tonkih Gennadij P. , Chesnokov Denis A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Angle shear studs, attachable by powder-actuated fasteners, are used as an alternative to traditional welded elements ensuring the shear connection of steel-reinforced concrete slabs. The objective is to revise their strength characteristics for different options of steel-reinforced concrete slab designs pursuant to SP 266.1325800.2016.

Materials and methods. The programme of laboratory tests was developed in compliance with GOST R 58336-2018 to identify the strength behaviour of angle shear studs. Static shear testing of angle studs was performed at the LISMIiK laboratory of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering using universal servo-hydraulic reconfigurable testing machine MTS.Multiaxial.DS1.4811.DS1.50019, designated for the testing of static and dynamic loads applied to large constructions. Displacements were measured by a tripod-mounted piston-type indicator.

Results. The programme of theoretical and experimental research into the behaviour of a shear connection with angle shear studs in steel-reinforced concrete slabs that also had steel deck profile sheets was developed on the basis of the analysis of regulatory documents and sources of research information. Laboratory tests showed that the strength of the shear connection in an angle stud depends not only on the geometry of the steel deck, used as the stay-in-place formwork, but also on the position of a shear stud in the deck.

Conclusions. The results of the theoretical and experimental research can be used to obtain new information about the strength and deformability of angle shear studs, connected by powder-actuated fasteners with the help of high strength expansion anchors; they allow to revise the currently used provisions governing the calculation of the reduction factor pursuant to SP 266.1325800.2016 with account taken of the design parameters of a shear connection.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICALY STABLE SERUM OF DUCHESNEA INDICA (ARBENAN)
Authors: Mursyid A. Mumtihanah , Waris Risda
Published: March 2021

Objective: Arbenan (Duchesnea indica) plants contain saponins, flavonoids, and tannins which have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this research is to perform formulation and evaluation extract ethanol of Arbenan leaves in the form of serum which is pharmaceutically stable.
Method: Arbenan leaf powder was macerated with ethanol solvent, and then left for 3-4 days while stirring repeatedly, and then filtering. Furthermore, the liquid ethanol extract that has been obtained is evaporated using a Rotary Vacum Evaporator was used to evaporate the extract. Prepared extract was used to evaluate various parameters like organoleptics, homogeneity, viscosity, and pH.
Result: All formulations were having typical smell, light brown color and a little thick consistency. Formulations of leaf extract of Arabenan with four variations bases have shown to have good stability after stress condition. It can be seen from the evaluation result are organoleptics, homogeneity, viscosity, rheology, and pH.
Conclusion: Study concludes that a stable leaf extract of Arabenan can be effectively formulated into a serum by the means of various bases.
                                   
Peer Review History:
Received 8 January 2021; Revised 13 February; Accepted 4 March, Available online 15 March 2021
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. 
Received file:                Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, 
University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, 
Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
Ahmad Najib,
Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
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restrictions were implemented for the third time in January 2021 to
control the second wave and resulting increases in hospitalisations and
deaths. Easing those restrictions must balance multiple challenging
priorities, weighing the risk of more deaths and hospitalisations
against damage done to mental health, incomes and standards of living,
education outcomes and provision of non-Covid-19 healthcare.

Weekly and monthly officially published values in 2020/21 were used to
estimate the impact of seasonality and social restrictions on the spread
of COVID-19 by age group, on the economy and healthcare services. These
factors were combined with the estimated impact of vaccinations and
immunity from past infections into a model that retrospectively
reflected the actual numbers of reported deaths closely both in 2020 and
early 2021. It was applied prospectively to the next 6 months to
evaluate the impact of different speeds of easing social restrictions.

The results show vaccinations are significantly reducing the number of
hospitalisations and deaths. The central estimate is that relative to a
rapid easing, the avoided loss of 57,000 life years from a strategy of
relatively slow easing over the next 4 months comes at a cost in terms
of GDP reduction of around £0.4 million/life-year loss avoided. This is
over 10 times higher than the usual limit the NHS uses for spending
against Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) saved. Alternative
assumptions for key factors affecting give significantly different
trade-offs between costs and benefits of different speeds of easing.
Disruption of non-Covid-19 Healthcare provision also increases in times
of higher levels of social restrictions.

In most cases, the results favour a somewhat faster easing of
restrictions in England than current policy implies.
Primary Thromboprophylaxis to Prevent Thrombotic Events in Pediatric Oncology Patients with a Malignant Mediastinal Mass.
Authors: Sarangi Susmita , Gaballah Marian , Nolfi-Donegan Deirdre , Battaglia Maria , Amin Seema , Amodio John , Acharya Suchitra
Published: March 2021

Children with malignant mediastinal masses have increased thrombotic
events (TE). We examined primary thromboprophylaxis in reducing TE.
Eligible subjects were started on enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis and
compared to a cohort without. There were 15 TEs among 76 subjects for an
incidence of 19.7%. Mediastinal compression directly led to TE, (M-TE)
in 9.2% of subjects requiring 2-fold longer duration of therapeutic
anticoagulation. Primary thromboprophylaxis revealed a trend towards
reduction in M-TE although not statistically significant. The M-TE
subjects had greater superior vena caval compression at diagnosis
(p=0.033). We conclude that strategic thromboprophylaxis guided by
monitoring dynamic vascular compression can improve TE outcomes.
POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) BOTTLE WASTES POLYMER TILES: WEAR-ABRASION RESISTANCE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: O OMOSEBI , ABAS NOOR , YAHAYA SULAIMON
Published: March 2021

Managing plastic waste is a global challenge that challenges our
ecosystem’s health due to its high production rate and
non-biodegradability. However, it is necessary to ensure that PWs are
properly managed to reduce the environmental pollution associated with
their incineration and dumping in landfills. This study explores the
possibility of utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste bottles
and river sand to produce floor tiles. The flammability, abrasion
resistance, mechanical strength, and strong acid/base resistance of the
produced PET-based floor tiles were investigated as well as the
micro-structural interface of the PET plastic waste and sand. The PET
waste was used at different proportions (100 %, 90 %, 70 %, 50 %,
and 30 %) by sand weight. The assessment of the materials’ physical and
mechanical properties has shown that, in terms of material density,
strength, abrasion, and flame resistance, the floor tiles produced with
30% PET content performed better than those produced with the other PET
contents. It showed the highest compressive strength value (19.72
N/mm2). The observed compressive strength values in this study were
significantly higher than the recommended 28-day residential concrete
value of 17 N/mm2; p<0.05. From the obtained results, the PET
floor tiles showed poor water absorption performance compared to pure
cement and ceramic floor tiles (The lowest water absorption value of
0.12 % was found in tiles made of 100 % PET waste). Microscopic
analysis of the interface region (plastic-binder) showed adhesion
between the plastic and sand components of the PET-based floor tiles, as
well as voids in direct proportion to the PET content. The PET floor
tiles also showed good resistance to acid and base solutions of
different strengths. In conclusion, PET waste bottles can be used as
cement replacement to produce durable and abrasive resistant floor tiles
for both residential and commercial uses.
An Optimal Piezoelectric Beam for Acoustic Energy Harvesting
Authors: Panahi Amir , Hassanzadeh Alireza , Moulavi Ali , Golparvar Ata
Published: March 2021

This study presents a novel piezoelectric beam structure for acoustic
energy harvesting. The beams have been designed to maximize output
energy in areas where the noise level is loud such as highway traffic.
The beam consists of two layers (copper and polyvinylidene fluoride)
that convert the ambient noise’s vibration energy to electrical energy.
The piezoelectric material’s optimum placement have been studied, and
its best positon is obtained on the substrate for the maximum yield.
Unlike previous studies, which the entire beam substrate used to be
covered by a material, this study presents a modest material usage and
contributes to lowering the harvester’s final production cost.
Additionally, in this study, an electrical model was developed for the
sensor and a read-out circuitry was proposed for the converter.
Moreover, the sensor was validated at different noise levels at various
lengths and locations. The simulations were performed in COMSOL
Multiphysics® and MATLAB® and report a maximum sound pressure of 140 dB
from 100 dB point sources in an enclosed air-filled cubic meter chamber.
Crystal Meth and HIV/AIDS:A Pilot Study of Behavioral and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Cebo Dr. Daniel
Published: March 2021

Crystal methamphetamine is an extremely addictive stimulant that
increases sexual arousal while reducing inhibition and judgment. Its use
is associated with a range of high-risk sexual behaviors that increase
the likelihood of acquiring or transmitting HIV. Given the relatively
high prevalence of crystal methamphetamine use among people living with
HIV and among men who have sex with men, there is great concern that
this drug is fueling the HIV epidemic. Equally worrisome are the effects
that crystal methamphetamine use can have on the prognosis and overall
health of HIV-infected patients. This article reports the results of a
pilot study that is part of a larger project exploring the correlates of
antiretroviral therapy drug resistance.
Comment on “Bipolar fuzzy relation equations systems based on the product t-norm”
Authors: OuYang YongBin
Published: March 2021

This note provides counterexamples to illustrate that Theorem 4 which is
proposed by Cornejo, Lobo and Medina [M. E. Cornejo, D. Lobo, J.
Medina, Bipolar fuzzy relation equations systems based on the product
t-norm. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences.
2019,42(17):5779-5793] is incorrect. The incorrect of Theorem 4 is due
to the inaccuracy of the definition of feasible pair. Then we present
the correction of the definition of feasible pair to the contention.
Positional Change-Induced Arrhythmia during General Anesthesia Related to Caudal Movement of the Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter: A Case Report
Authors: Utsumi Isao , Hascilowicz Tomasz , Mio Yasushi , Omi Sachiko
Published: March 2021

We present a case of arrhythmia developed after positional change in a
patient under general anesthesia, who had peripherally inserted central
venous catheter (PICC) inserted by ECG-guided tip confirmation system.
We stress the possibility of cardiac arrhythmias related to caudal
movement of the PICC catheter upon changes in patient’s position.
The Guytonian Equation: Established Physiological Law?
Authors: Brengelmann George L
Published: March 2021

The present collection of papers is meant to focus on old and new concepts about venous return. This essay argues that one widely held old concept is wrong. The misconception would be perpetuated by those who speak of “repurposing the systemic venous return model”. The model in question describes systemic venous return as driven through a “resistance to venous return” in proportion to the difference between mean systemic pressure and right atrial pressure. It arose from experiments in which right atrial pressure (Pra) was recorded while flow was forced through the peripheral vasculature by a pump, with data points taken after pressures equilibrated to each new level of flow. The steady-state flow (F) set by the pump could be taken interchangeably as cardiac output (CO) or venous return (VR). Pra at the zero-flow level settled at what is defined as “mean systemic pressure” (Pms), understood as the pressure at which all the elastic segments of the peripheral vasculature equilibrate in the absence of pressure differences associated with flow. Total circulating volume was kept constant, independent of flow level. The data were approximated by the equation Pra = Pms – F*RVR, alternatively written as F = (Pms – Pra)/RVR. From the point of view of the first formulation, we see Pra falling in proportion to F, starting from Pms at zero flow, a concise statement of the actual experimental procedure and findings. The second formulation has been seen from a different perspective; that F is proportional to the net driving pressure, i.e., (Pms – Pra), in which Pra is seen as a back pressure opposing venous return. From this point of view, adopted by a leading researcher of his time, A.C. Guyton, comes the idea that, to increase VR, the heart must somehow reduce Pra. Re-examining the model that Guyton and his coworkers developed reveals that the appearance of Pms in their equation does not identify this variable as a pressure that exists physically at the upstream end of the pathway for venous return. At best, the model offers a way of looking at the factors that determine the equilibrium between the Pra that results in the peripheral vasculature at a particular steady-state level of flow that is consistent with the influence of Pra on the output of the heart. It has nothing to offer for the advancement of understanding of the pathophysiology of real, dynamic flow within vascular segments.
Fuzzy Time Series and Artificial Neural Network: Forecasting Exportation of Natural Rubber in Malaysia
Authors: Muhamad Siti Nor Nadrah , Sofean Shafeina Hatieqa , Moktar Balkiah , Wan Shahidan Wan Nurshazelin
Published: March 2021

Natural rubber is one of the most important crops in Malaysia alongside palm oil, cocoa, paddy, and pineapple. Being a tropical country, Malaysia is one of the top five exporters and producers of rubber in the world. The purpose of this study is to find the forecasted value of the actual data of the number of exportations of natural rubber by using Fuzzy Time Series and Artificial Neural Network. This study is also conducted to determine the best model by making comparison between Fuzzy Time Series and Artificial Neural Network. Fuzzy Time Series has allowed to overcome a downside where the classical time series method cannot deal with forecasting problem in which values of time series are linguistic terms represented by fuzzy sets. Artificial Neural Network was introduced as one of the systematic tools of modelling which has been forecasting for about 20 years ago. The error measure that was used in this study to make comparisons were Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error. The results of this study showed that the fuzzy time series method has the smallest error value compared to artificial neural network which means it was more accurate compared to artificial neural network in forecasting exportation of natural rubber in Malaysia.
WHEN THE GAME OF GOLF BECOMES A NUISANCE
Authors: Davies Chris
Published: March 2021

Golf is a popular outdoor sport played in many countries across the world. However, the fact it involves hitting a hard ball considerable distances can create problems if the balls are mishit and stray from the course. When it does, there can be a potential claim in nuisance, with the golf club itself being liable once it becomes aware of the nuisance. Often it is an injunction to prevent the continuation of the nuisance that is sought by the plaintiff, though damages can, and have, been awarded. If there is a problem with balls being mishit off the course, the golf club is required to remedy the situation by putting up barriers, or redesigning the course by, for example, shortening the holes in the area where there is a problem.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLUNTEERS SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO CONTINUE VOLUNTEERING IN COMMUNITY RUNNING EVENTS
Authors: Zid Azlina , Mazlan Hanafi Adlin Hani , Wahab Siti Aishah , Muhammad Rafiai Nurul Ain , Mohd Nor Maizan , Samat Hajar Asmidar , Amiruddin Rozita
Published: March 2021

This purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between volunteers’ satisfaction and intention to continue volunteering as a volunteer in the future. There were 133 volunteers from MY10K Night run involved in this community-running event. Volunteer’ satisfaction and intention to continue volunteering questionnaires were used in this study. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify the percentage, mean, standard deviation and pearson correlation. The study findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the volunteers’ satisfaction and the intention to continue volunteering (r=0.37, p<0.01). The nature of work (m=4.10) was the highest factor of volunteers’ satisfaction to remain as volunteers in future events and followed by appreciation (m=4.01). Whereas supervision and communication (m=3.96) were found to be least volunteers’ satisfaction to remain as volunteers. Identifying these factors of volunteering, as well as the relations between them, can be beneficial for the management of volunteers to retain the experienced volunteers and to ensure the continuation of the event in the future.
Crack Detection and Geometry Measurements using Digital Image Processing
Authors: A. Alazawi Dhia , S. Hammoudi Zaid , N. Mohammed Mohanad
Published: March 2021

Digital image processing (DIP), is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. In this work DIP used to perform crack/defect Detection and geometry measurements in terms of angle, length, and width by building a MATLAB code. In this research, the test of tensile were applied on two flat samples, the two flat samples are painted in a speckle pattern on the tested surface to use DIP features. The DIP gives a low-cost optical, and an appropriate technique to detect crack/defect as well as geometry measurements with the load increment in terms of angle, length and width without any contact with the tested surfaces. The tests directed for both of flat Aluminum alloy and Copper alloy specimens. In order to guarantee the efficiency of the planned DIP systems, the comparison is considered between the test results of this technique with the measurements gained by actual physical by using calibrated digital vernier calliper (IP 54) to measure the length of the crack with 0-300 mm range and 0.01 mm resolution. The DIP obtained percentage of accuracy varies from (97) % to (99) % by comparison with the measurements gained by actual physical way.
CONHECIMENTO DA POPULAÇÃO RELACIONADO À ASSISTÊNCIA DAS UNIDADES DE PRONTO ATENDIMENTO DE CURITIBA-PR
Authors: Silva André Luis Cândido da , Azevedo Amanda de Cassia Azevedo , Aragão Suéllyn Mattos de , Graichen Helena Reback , Costa Paulo de Carvalho , Santos Rafael Wind dos , Fidalski Solena Ziemer Kusma
Published: March 2021

Introdução: As Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPAs) funcionam como porta de entrada para os casos de urgência e emergência e, muitas vezes, para casos de caráter não emergencial. Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento da população a respeito dos serviços prestados pelas UPAs em Curitiba-PR. Método: Estudo observacional transversal, avaliou 516 pessoas que estavam em espera para atendimento nas UPAs, com classificação não urgente ou pouco urgente, segundo Protocolo Internacional de Manchester. A coleta se deu por meio de questionário semiestruturado aplicado por entrevistador. Resultados: 82,8% dos entrevistados acreditavam estar no local correto para o seu atendimento, fator que foi independente estatisticamente da escolaridade ou do conhecimento sobre as Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS); 86,6% dos usuários foram à UPA por busca direta, e uma parcela de 24,9% cogitou ir a uma UBS antes. Dentre os motivos mais frequentes de procura pela UPA, em ordem decrescente, abrangiam questões de locomoção, desconhecimento do funcionamento do sistema de saúde, motivos pessoais, a não necessidade de marcar consulta e, por fim, considerar a própria doença como grave. Conclusão: Existe a necessidade de se fortalecer o vínculo do usuário com as UBS, assim como uma melhor estruturação da atenção primária.Palavras-chave: Serviços de Saúde de Emergência; Uso de Serviços de Saúde; Participação da Comunidade.
A AÇÃO DOS POLIMORFISMOS DE NUCLEOTÍDEO ÚNICO (SNPs) SOBRE O GENE FTO, SUA RELEVÂNCIA E INFLUÊNCIA NA OBESIDADE: LEVANTAMENTO CIENCIOMÉTRICO
Authors: Pereira Filho Braulio , Massambani Elizabeti de Matos , Corrêa Nelton Anderson Bespales , Abrão Ricardo Marcelo , Diegues Maria Elena Martins , Gasques Luciano Seraphim
Published: March 2021

A obesidade é caracterizada pelo aumento excessivo da gordura corporal e está ligada ao estilo de vida, ao meio ambiente e a genética do indivíduo. O equilíbrio entre ingestão e gasto energético é controlado por mecanismos neurais, hormonais, químicos e genéticos. Estudos sugerem que o gene FTO (Fat mass and obesity associated) atua como regulador primário do acúmulo de gordura corporal, quando associado a SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) específicos, predispõe à obesidade. O propósito deste trabalho foi verificar a produção científica, analisar e catalogar os estudos de polimorfismos no gene FTO associados à obesidade e suas comorbidades. A busca por publicações entre 2009 e 2018 foi realizada na base de dados SciELO com a palavra-chave “FTO”. Foram encontrados 23 artigos originais dentro dos critérios da pesquisa que correlacionam o FTO à obesidade. O nome do autor principal, país, idioma, ano de publicação, título, objetivo, polimorfismo associado e os resultados dos estudos foram extraídos e organizados para facilitar a tabulação dos dados. Também foram pesquisados os números de citações de cada artigo, utilizando-se a plataforma Google Acadêmico. Embora o Brasil se encontre em primeiro lugar em produção científica para o gene FTO na base de dados prospectada, o número de artigos originais ainda é muito modesto. Assim, os resultados encontrados podem servir de subsídio no delineamento de novas pesquisas sobre os polimorfismos do gene FTO e as causas da obesidade.