ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA KELAS VIII SLH MEDAN DALAM MENGERJAKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA MATERI FUNGSI DITINJAU DARI PROSEDUR NEWMAN [ANALYZING STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN SOLVING MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS IN FUNCTION TOPICS BASED ON NEWMAN’S PROCEDURES IN GRADE 8 AT SLH MEDAN]
Authors: Paladang Karmila Kristina , Indriani Siane , Dirgantoro Kurnia P. S. 
Published: May 2018

<p class="abstrak"><span>Mathematics is an important part of education. </span><span lang="EN">Through mathematics learning, students are expected to think systematically, logically, critically, creatively and consistently. Often when learning math, however, students make mistakes. These errors, when viewed plainly are reasonable mistakes. Nevertheless, they should not be allowed to happen continuously. If the errors are left unchecked, then the process of developing students’ knowledge will not improve. </span><span>Based on observations in the grade 8A class at Sekolah Lentara Harapan in Medan, students usually made mistakes in solving mathematics problems.</span><span lang="IN"> This study aims to analyz</span><span>e</span><span lang="IN"> the types of errors made by students in </span><span>solving</span><span lang="IN"> mathematics problem and </span><span lang="IN">the causes of those mistakes.</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span>The research method used was the qualitative research method. The researcher gathered data through tests, interviews, and observations. </span><span lang="IN">Test</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> and observation</span><span>s data were </span><span>gathered from</span><span> 35 students in class 8 A</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span>The subjects were 6 students who were chosen based on</span><span lang="IN"> their results and certain</span><span> criteria. Afterward, they were</span><span lang="IN"> interviewed about their test result</span><span>s to gather</span><span lang="IN"> further</span><span> information about</span><span lang="IN"> the</span><span> types of errors and the </span><span lang="IN">factor</span><span>s </span><span>which </span><span>cause</span><span lang="IN">d</span><span> the </span><span lang="IN">error. </span><span>The mistakes then were analyzed based on</span><span lang="IN"> the types of errors using </span><span lang="IN">N</span><span>ewman’s procedures which are</span><span lang="IN"> (1) reading errors, (2) comprehension errors, (3) transformation errors, (4) process skills errors, and (5) encoding errors</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">  </span><span>The results showed that students performed</span><span lang="IN"> all </span><span>types of errors</span><span lang="IN">.</span><span lang="IN"> Factors </span><span>which</span><span lang="IN"> caused students to make </span><span lang="IN"> those </span><span>errors</span><span> were that </span><span>they did not understand the meaning of symbols used</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span> they used several symbols incorrectly, they could not to read the symbol</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span> they forgot the proper formulas to be used</span><span lang="IN">, they </span><span>wrote the formula in a rush</span><span lang="IN">, they </span><span>did not master the pre-requisite topic of algebra arithmetic operation</span><span lang="IN">, they were careless, and </span><span>they did the test in a rush</span><span lang="IN">.</span></p><p class="abstrak"><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA <strong>ABSTRAK</strong>: </strong>Pelajaran matematika merupakan salah satu bagian penting dalam bidang pendidikan. Melalui pembelajaran matematika, siswa diharapkan dapat melatih cara berpikir secara sistematis, logis, kritis, kreatif dan konsisten. Dalam kenyataannya, sering kali ketika belajar matematika, siswa melakukan kesalahan-kesalahan. Kesalahan-kesalahan ini jika dilihat secara kasat mata merupakan kesalahan-kesalahan yang wajar. Tetapi tentunya kesalahan ini tidak boleh dibiarkan terjadi terus-menerus. Jika kesalahan tersebut dibiarkan, maka proses pengembangan pengetahuan siswa tidak akan berjalan dengan baik. Berdasarkan observasi di kelas VIII A SLH Medan, siswa sering melakukan kesalahan pada saat mengerjakan soal-soal matematika. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam mengerjakan soal matematika materi fungsi serta faktor penyebabnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes, wawancara dan observasi partisipatif. Tes dan observasi dilakukan di kelas VIII A yang terdiri dari 35 siswa. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 6 siswa yang dipilih berdasarkan hasil tes dengan kriteria tertentu kemudian diwawancarai terkait hasil pekerjaannya untuk memperoleh informasi yang lebih jelas mengenai jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan serta faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan tersebut. Kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dianalisis berdasarkan jenis-jenis kesalahan pada prosedur Newman yang terdiri dari (1) kesalahan membaca soal, (2) kesalahan memahami masalah, (3) kesalahan transformasi, (4) kesalahan keterampilan proses dan (5) kesalahan penulisan jawaban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa melakukan semua jenis kesalahan tersebut. Faktor penyebabnya adalah siswa tidak mengerti makna simbol, terdapat simbol-simbol tertentu yang tidak dapat dimaknai dengan tepat, lupa cara membaca simbol, lupa rumus yang harus digunakan, terburu-buru saat menuliskan rumus, kurang menguasai materi prasyarat yaitu operasi hitung bentuk aljabar, kurang teliti serta terburu-buru dalam mengerjakan soal.</p>