bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Effects of Siblings and Twin Testosterone Transfer on Autistic Traits
Authors: de Wit Melanie Monica , Begeer Sander , Nivard Michel Guillaume , van Bergen Elsje
Published: December 2021

Background: Having twin and non-twin siblings might influence autistic traits both prenatally and postnatally. The twin testosterone transfer hypothesis suggests that girls with a twin brother are exposed to higher levels of prenatal testosterone than girls with a twin sister and that increased testosterone exposure masculinizes neural development and increases autistic traits. Postnatally, siblings may provide example behaviour, which could reduce autistic traits. Methods: We studied pre- and postnatal influences of twin and non-twin siblings on mother and teacher-reported autistic traits in 7,714 dizygotic twins. We examined the effect of sex of the proband child and of the siblings. We fitted regression models (for boys and girls separately) with as predictors sex of co-twin and having older and/or younger siblings of each sex. Results: Girls’ mother-reported autistic traits were slightly lower for those with a twin brother than those with a twin sister, β = -.08, p = .001, Cohen’s d = -.13. This difference was not replicated in teacher-reported autistic traits, β = .01, p = .734. Boys’ (mother and teacher-reported) autistic traits were not related to the sex of their cotwin, p’s > .538. Girls’ teacher-reported autistic traits were slightly higher if they had an older brother, β = .07, p = .013, Cohen’s d = 0.12. Other than this small effect, we found no effect of non-twin siblings on autistic traits in girls nor boys, p’s >.179. Conclusions: We did not find increased autistic traits in girls with a twin brother compared to a twin sister. This finding contributes to the body of literature that rejects the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis. In all, we find little evidence for pre- and postnatal sibling influences. Our findings align with ASD’s high heritability and absence of shared-environmental influences.
‘They call ‘im Crowie’: An investigation of the Aboriginal significance attributed to a wrecked River Murray barge in South Australia
Authors: Roberts Amy , Van Duivenvoorde Wendy , Morrison Michael , Moffat Ian , Burke Heather , Kowlessar Jarrad , Naumann John
Published: December 2021

The Indigenous intangible heritage related to wrecked vessels has been poorly studied and documented. This article provides a counter to dominant maritime archaeology discourses via the investigation of the Aboriginal significance attributed to a wrecked and submerged River Murray barge (Crowie) in South Australia. There are numerous layers of Aboriginal significance that may be attributed to Crowie including the relationship of the community with their ‘underwater country’, Indigenous contributions to the riverboat industry, and the use of Aboriginal terms in vessel-naming practices. Geophysical data from multibeam and sidescan sonar surveys allowed for confirmation of the proposed location of the wreck and through comparison with historical descriptions and photographs provided evidence to substantiate the assignation of the wreck as the Crowie barge.
Rasionalitas dalam Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Iskandar Isda , Resky Andi Sry Aska , SYAHRA AISYAH , Khaerani Siti Fadhilah
Published: December 2021

Rasionalitas (rationality) adalah istilah yang berkaitan dengan gagasan akal yang berkonotasi pada proses berpikir dalam memberikan laporan atau keterangan. Ia menyangkut dua aspek, yaitu (1). Aspek yang berkaitan dengan pemahaman, kecerdasan dan pengambilan keputusan, (2) kemasuk-akalan dari penjelasan, pemahaman atau pembenaran. Jika rasionalitas dalam ekonomi kapitalis mengabaikan kapasitas manusia lainnya dalam melakukan pemilihan alternatif kecuali motif-motif ekonomi yang merepresentasikan self-interest. Sedangkan rasionalitas dalam ekonomi islam akan memaknai mashlahah dan mengupayakannya dengan pentunjuk yang diberikan oleh Al-qur'an dan Sunnah.
Magnetometer surveys in archaeological research in Papua New Guinea: Keveoki 1, Gulf Province
Authors: Moffat Ian , David Bruno , Barker Bryce , Kuaso Alois , Skelly Robert , Araho Nick
Published: December 2021

A magnetometer survey was conducted on the abandoned village site of Keveoki 1, near the Vailala River, Gulf Province, PNG. The survey, using a single sensor proton precession magnetometer, was successful in locating and defining the boundaries of areas confirmed by excavation to contain dense assemblages of pottery. The combination of geophysical and excavation results allowed a broader understanding of the spatial distribution of human occupation at Keveoki 1 than would have been possible based on excavation or visual field walking alone. We suggest this technique should be applied more regularly. Archaeological geophysical prospection techniques have not previously been applied as part of archaeological investigations in Papua New Guinea (PNG), despite an extensive history of archaeological research in this area (e.g. Bulmer 1978; Frankel and Vanderwal 1985; White and O'Connell 1982). In part, this deficiency may be explained by the perceived high cost of geophysical survey as well as the difficulties associated with operating and transporting electronic equipment to the often remote, extremely rugged, wet tropical and inaccessible archaeological sites of the region. Nevertheless geophysical techniques have a demonstrated history of making an important contribution to archaeological investigations world-wide (e.g. Witten 2006; Conyers 2004; Gaffney and Gater 2003) and have the potential to answer important archaeological questions in PNG also. In particular, they have the potential to extend site information beyond the limited spatial extent usually obtained through excavation, and thus promise to enable understandings of village sites as spatially extensive landscapes rather than more restricted spatial nodes (Kvamme 2003). This is particularly apt for PNG where thick vegetation and swampy conditions can make site discovery through more conventional field walking very difficult.The archaeological record in many coastal parts of PNG is particularly amenable to geophysical investigations because here can be found extensive sites with dense ceramic deposits as well as numerous sub-surface structural features such as postholes, human burials and earth ovens. Since electromagnetic induction (EMI) and magnetic susceptibility in particular can directly detect pottery (Clark 1990) as well as the remnants of burning (Linford and Canti 2001) and anthropogenically-induced microbial activity (Linford 2004), geophysical prospecting evidently has great potential in such archaeological contexts. Other techniques, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR) (Conyers 2004) and direct current resistivity (Witten (2006) may find less regular application in this area, but could contribute where favourable site conditions exist.
PEMBELAJARAN AL GORITMA DAN PEMOGRAMAN MENGGUNAKAN ELEARNING AL GORITMA BERBASIS WEB
Authors: QULSUM NESSA OVIA
Published: December 2021

Algoritma merupakan cara yang efesien dinyatakan untuk deret hingga. Algoritma sering juga disebut sebagai kumpulan arahan untuk menetas permasalahan. Prihal ini diperlukan untuk dilakukan secara sistematis, terstruktur dan logis. Saat memecahkan algoritma itu sendiri, Berbagai masalah sering muncul, seperti struktur yang salah, algoritma Ini tidak logis, dan selesaikan kebingungan algoritme itu sendiri. Metode penulis Beri nama "EL-Goritma" atau singkatan dari algoritma e-learning. EL-Goritma sendiri adalah penulisnya Termasuk beberapa fasilitas untuk mendukung pembelajaran di masa depan, seperti real-time chat, video Telepon, ruang diskusi, uang belajar. Tujuan dari metode ini adalah untuk memudahkan siswa Dan siswa melalui mendapatkan referensi dan menyelesaikan tugas algoritma Sumber daya dari dosen dan guru lainnya.
ALGORITMA DAN BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN
Authors: Amara Irsadilla
Published: December 2021

An algorithm is a logical step or sequence in making a decision to solve a problem. Algorithms can be written in many ways, such as using everyday language, flow charts and even using programming languages such as C or C++. And in the algorithm there is also a Flowchart which means an image or graph of the steps that must be followed to make it easier to solve the problem. Programming languages cannot be separated from data types, if/else, arrays because these have an important role for beginners or those who want to know about programming languages. Writing scientific articles can make it easier for readers to know about algorithms and programming languages.
MENYUSUN LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Rafli Muh.
Published: December 2021

Laporan keuangan adalah laporan yang memuat informasi keuangan berupa jumlah kekayaan, jenis-jenis kekayaan seperti kewajiban-kewajiban (utang), baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang, serta ekuitas (modal) dan hasil-hasil usaha yang dimiliki atau diperoleh suatu lembaga.
Using Particle Swarm Optimization as Pathfinding Strategy in a Space with Obstacles
Authors: David
Published: December 2021

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a search algorithm based on stochastic and population-based adaptive optimization. In this paper, a pathfinding strategy is proposed to improve the efficiency of path planning for a broad range of applications. This study aims to investigate the effect of PSO parameters (numbers of particle, weight constant, particle constant, and global constant) on algorithm performance to give solution paths. Increasing the PSO parameters makes the swarm move faster to the target point but takes a long time to converge because of too many random movements, and vice versa. From a variety of simulations with different parameters, the PSO algorithm is proven to be able to provide a solution path in a space with obstacles.
Tectonic controls on geomorphology and spatial distribution of monogenetic volcanoes in the Central Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes (Argentina)
Authors: Silva Santos Fernanda , Sommer Carlos , Haag Mauricio , Báez Walter , Caselli Alberto , Báez Alejandro
Published: December 2021

Monogenetic volcanoes are among the most common volcanic landforms on Earth. The morphology and distribution of small volcanoes can provide important information about eruption dynamics and tectonics. The Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes (CSVZ) comprises one of the most active magmatic regions on Earth. Characterized by the presence of polygenetic volcanoes and calderas in a complex tectonic setting, this region also hosts hundreds of small, back-arc monogenetic volcanoes. In this contribution, we apply a Geographic Information System (GIS) that combines imagery data and digital elevation models to establish the first comprehensive dataset of monogenetic volcanoes in the CSVZ (38° to 40° S), exploring their eruption dynamics and relationship to tectonic and structural processes. Combining spatial analysis and geomorphological observations, we identify the presence of 356 monogenetic volcanoes distributed into nine clusters, now grouped in the Zapala Volcanic Field (ZVF). The ZVF is marked by the predominance of cinder cones (80%) followed by phreatomagmatic volcanoes (20%), suggesting some influence of external water in the eruption dynamics. Generally, monogenetic vents present a clear association with local and regional lineaments, suggesting a strong structural control on the occurrence of the monogenetic deposits. The higher vent densities are observed in the southern Loncopué Though, an important extensional feature related to tearing of the subducted Nazca plate underneath the South American Plate. Morphometric parameters of cinder cones indicate variable stress orientations in the CSVZ that possibly result from the oblique tectonics in the region. From north to south, the maximum principal stress rotates from NE-SW to E-W and becomes progressively less constrained as it distances from the current magmatic arc. Based on the relative ages, we map the evolution of monogenetic volcanism through time. Our results suggest a waning in the monogenetic activity in ZVF over time. When compared to monogenetic fields in the Central Andes, the ZVF is marked by higher vent densities and number of phreatomagmatic landforms, with the absence of lava domes. This ultimately reflects the contrasting crustal structure and climate conditions of these two regions.
Do chimpanzee pant-hoots have semantic content? A comment on Leroux et al. (Animal Behaviour 179:41–50, 2021)
Authors: Gabrić Petar
Published: December 2021

I read with great interest the study by Leroux et al. [(2021) Anim Behav 179, 41–50] who investigated the nature of pant-hoot–food-call combinations in a community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at the Budongo Conservation Field Station, Budongo Forest, Uganda. The authors propose, among others, that they reveal the first evidence that wild chimpanzees are able “to combine meaning-bearing units into larger structures” – i.e., that they are capable of semantic compositionality and, by extension, syntax. Their analysis represents an important addition to a growing body of research and discussions on communicational combinatoriality in wild primates and specifically apes, and, by extension, extinct hominins. Incidentally, I have recently published a paper in Animal Cognition in which I also suggested, based on a reanalysis of existing data, that wild chimpanzees can display semantic compositionality and syntax, i.e., are able to combine meaningful units [Gabrić (2021) Anim Cogn, online ahead of print]. In the present commentary, I argue that Leroux et al.’s (2021) interpretation of the data is ungrounded given that (1) unlike for food calls, there is currently very little if any indication in the scientific literature that pant-hoots have semantic content, i.e., are meaningful, (2) Leroux et al. (2021) did not investigate their a priori assumption that the observed pant-hoots are in fact meaningful/semantic, (3) they did not report on recipients’ behaviors in association with neither the individual nor combined calls, and (4) they did not compare the callers’ behaviours in association with the individual calls vs. combined calls. Since pant-hoots feature prominently in the chimpanzee vocal repertoire and the debate on their eventual meaningfulness/semanticity is still wide open, this represents a fine opportunity to revisit this issue in the context of Leroux et al.’s (2021) study. Their paper further raises several other less significant questions. Notwithstanding, their paper brings important novel insights into communicational combinatoriality in wild chimpanzees and supports the notion of using linguistic methods in wild animal communication research.
Electronic gaming machine accessibility and gambling problems: A natural policy experiment
Authors: Russell Alex M T , Browne Matthew , Hing Nerilee , Rockloff Matthew , Newall Philip Warren Stirling , Dowling Nicki , Merkouris Stephanie , King Daniel , Stevens Matthew , Salonen Anne , Breen Helen , Greer Nancy , Thorne Hannah Briony , Visintin Tess , Rawat Vijay , Woo Linda
Published: December 2021

Background: Electronic gaming machines (EGMs) are recognised as one of the most harmful forms of gambling at an individual level. However, it is unclear whether restriction of EGM functions and accessibility results in meaningful reductions in population-level gambling harm. Methods: This study employed a natural policy experiment to compare gambling problems between Australian residents in Western Australia (WA), where EGMs are restricted to a single venue and have different structural features, and residents in other Australian jurisdictions where EGMs are widely accessible in casinos, hotels and clubs. The accessibility of non-EGM forms of gambling is generally similar across all Australian jurisdictions. The study draws on a large (N = 15,000) nationally-representative dataset.Findings: Although gambling participation was slightly higher in WA, EGM participation was approximately half that found in the rest of Australia. Aggregate gambling problems and harm were about one-third lower in WA, and self-reported attribution of harm to EGMs by gamblers and affected others was 2·7x and 4x lower, respectively. Analyses using mediation and moderation determined that the attributable impact of EGMs in WA was 70% lower than elsewhere, and was responsible for the vast majority of the discrepancy in gambling problems (indirect path = -0·055, 95% CI -0·071; -0·038). Attributable problems to casino table games were slightly higher in WA, potentially due to redirection of demand, but this effect size was small relative to the reduction of problems due to EGMs. On an individual level, for a given level of participation in EGMs and other forms, the risk of problems were similar in WA and the rest of Australia. Interpretation: Reduced harm from gambling in WA is due to restricted accessibility of EGMs, and there is little transfer of problems to other gambling forms. These results suggest that restricting the accessibility of EGMs substantially reduces gambling harm.Funding: Gambling Research Australia (GRA) funded this research. GRA is a partnership between the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments to initiate and manage a national program of gambling research.
Using dialogues to increase positive attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccines in a vaccine-hesitant UK population
Authors: Brand Charlotte Olivia , Stafford Tom
Published: December 2021

Recently, Altay et al (2021) showed that five minutes of interaction with a chatbot led to increases in Covid-19 vaccination attitudes and intentions in a French population. Here we replicate this effect in a vaccine-hesitant, UK-based population. We attempt to isolate what made the chatbot condition effective by controlling the amount of information provided, the trustworthiness of the information, and the level of interactivity. Like Altay et al, our experiment allowed participants to navigate a branching dialogue by choosing questions of interest about Covid-19 vaccines. Our control condition used the same questions and answers but removed participant choice by presenting the dialogues at random. Importantly we also targeted those who were either against or neutral towards Covid-19 vaccinations to begin with, screening-out those with already positive attitudes. Replicating Altay et al, we found a similar size increase in positive attitudes towards vaccination, and in intention to get vaccinated. Unlike Altay et al, we found no difference between our two conditions: choosing the questions did not increase vaccine attitudes or intentions any more than our control condition. These results suggest that the attitudes of the vaccine hesitant are modifiable with exposure to in-depth, trustworthy and engaging dialogues.
Is Loneliness in Emerging Adults Increasing Over Time? A Preregistered Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Buecker Susanne , Mund Marcus , Chwastek Sandy , Sostmann Melina , Luhmann Maike
Published: December 2021

Judged by the sheer amount of global media coverage, loneliness rates seem to be an increasingly urgent societal concern. From the late 1970s onward, the life experiences of emerging adults have been changing massively due to societal developments such as increased fragmentation of social relationships, greater mobility opportunities, and changes in communication due to technological innovations. These societal developments might have coincided with an increase in loneliness in emerging adults. In the present preregistered cross-temporal meta-analysis, we examined whether loneliness levels in emerging adults have changed over the last 43 years. Our analysis is based on 449 means from 345 studies with 437 independent samples and a total of 124,855 emerging adults who completed the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale between 1976 and 2019. Averaged across all studies, loneliness levels linearly increased with increasing calendar years (β = .224, 95% CI [.138, .309]). This increase corresponds to 0.56 standard deviations on the UCLA Loneliness Scale over the 43-year studied period. Overall, the results imply that loneliness can be a rising concern in emerging adulthood. Although the frequently used term “loneliness epidemic” seems exaggerated, emerging adults should therefore not be overlooked when designing interventions against loneliness.
Distribution and Association of ABO and Rh Blood Group Antigens with BMI Among Nepalese and Indian Students Studied in a Medical College of Nepal
Authors: Kar Kalipada , Kar Sujata
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Blood group antigens and body mass index of human are gaining importance for many diseases. Some attempts were reported to find any relationship between BMI and Blood groups with some contradictions. The possible association between BMI and blood groups of Nepalese and Indian medical students is yet to be established.
Methods: Blood groups, ABO and Rh systems and body mass index (BMI) of participants, medical students of Nepalese and Indian origin were determined and analyzed statistically.
Results: The distribution frequencies of 10.56%, 17.08%, 3.06%, and 20.28% females and 9.03%, 16.39%, 3.61% and 20.0% males of both the countries were present in A, B, AB and O blood groups, respectively. Rh-negative participants were predominantly present in O blood group. The observed frequencies of participants with different BMI group were distributed as 56.11%, 24.72%, 10.69% and 8.47% in Normal, Overweight, Underweight and Obese groups, respectively. Underweight participants were prevalent in O group and in females. The difference between the distribution of Nepalese females and males with Normal BMI was found significant in A and O. A distribution pattern of B>O>A>AB was observed for Overweight group. The occurrence of Obese is few folds higher among Indian participants than Nepalese and prevalent in males. Obese participants were found more associated with B and O blood group.
Conclusions: Participants with A were more prevalent among Nepalese in respect to Indian. Rh-negative participants were distributed as 1.67% and 5.0% in Nepalese and Indians, respectively and predominantly present in O (4.44%) and are more prevalent in Indian males. In Normal BMI Nepalese were significantly more as compared to Indians. In the Underweight group females were significantly more prevalent as compared to males and found maximally associated with O blood group and most of them are Nepalese. In Overweight group males were more than females. Participants with obesity were mostly present in B and O blood group and most of them are Indian.
Online priestor ako doteraz neobjavená príležitosť?
Authors: Kotuľáková Katarína , Orolínová Mária , Trčková Kateřina
Published: December 2021

This article describes a collaboration between two universities in the preparation of future chemistry teachers. The Trnava University in Trnava and the University of Ostrava have organized a joint cross-border webinar aimed at developing skills for scientific work. Mixed teams of students from both universities prepared their own research projects, which they presented to all participants at the end of the event. As a result of the cooperation, inspirational materials for pedagogical practice were prepared and networks were established.
Ameliorative Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Allium porrum (Wild Leek) against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits
Authors: Mohammed HS , Ahmida MHS , Madi MF , Abdel-Gayoum A A
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the nephroprotective, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of Allium porrum (leek) in rabbits with cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Forty adult male New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups (ten rabbits in each group) as follows: Group I: (negative control) (C) received oral daily dose of distilled water for 15 successive days. Groups II: (Leek) (L) received oral daily dose of aqueous leek extract (500mg/kg/day) for 15 successive days. Group III: (positive control) [cisplatin (CP)] received oral daily dose of distilled water for 15 successive days, and subsequently administered single dose of Cisplatin (3.5mg/kg/day) by intraperitoneal injection from day 10 for five days. Groups IV: (Leek and Cisplatin
Community Pharmacists' Attitudes and Practice in the Management of Minor Ailments
Authors: Mikhael Ehab Mudher
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to know the attitudes and practice of pharmacists regarding the management of minor ailments in Iraqi community pharmacies. A cross-sectional study for 320 community pharmacists was conducted during February 2020 using a newly developed and validated questionnaire. Only 4.4% of pharmacists prefer not to deal with minor ailment cases. Minority (15.6%) of participated pharmacists refer more than half of minor ailment cases they face to the physician. Regarding the assessment of minor ailments using WWHAM technique, what are the symptoms are the most commonly asked questions by pharmacists. Only 49.1% mentioned that they ask all WWHAM questions. On the other hand, most pharmacists (90%) educate their patients about the dosing regimen. Meanwhile, less than 10% of pharmacists provide their patients with all possible information about their medications. All demographic factors had no effect on the pharmacists' usage of WWHAM technique and in pharmacist's role in patient counseling or education. In conclusion minor ailment services that provided by community pharmacists' in Iraq was poor at which most pharmacists don't use WWHAM technique appropriately and also fail to provide their patients with the required medication counseling and education.
Normal values of coronary arteries branching height in women
Authors: Pidvalna U.Ye. , Beshley D.M. , Mirchuk M.Z. , Mateshuk-Vatseba L.R.
Published: December 2021

Morphometric analysis of the structures of the aortic bulb and coronary arteries is necessary for the planning of cardiac surgery and endovascular interventions. The aim of the study was to determine the height of the coronary arteries branching in healthy women of Lviv city and Lviv region and to determine the relationship between the height of the location of the orifice of the coronary artery with anthropometric indicators. Fifteen computed tomography images with contrast of female thorax without heart and ascending aortic lesions (normal) were selected for the study. The height of the upper and lower edges of the coronary arteries was measured; height of Valsalva sinuses. The comparison of the mean values was performed according to the Student’s t-test. The correlation between the observed variables (age, height, body weight, body mass index, body surface area, height of the sinuses of Valsalva) was calculated using the Pearson linear correlation method (r). According to the study, the population group consisted of persons of the second period of adulthood (46.67 %) and the elderly (53.33 %). According to the body mass index, 80 % were overweight or obese I-II degree. The mean height of the coronary artery orifice in women without structural changes of the heart and ascending aorta was: 11.19±1.96 mm for the left and 11.68±1.80 mm for the right. The height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries were almost the same, without statistical significance (p=0.26). Analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery did not show a probable dependence on height, weight, age, body mass index and body surface area. There is a direct relationship between the parameters of the height of the lower edge of the right coronary artery and the height of the upper edge of the right coronary artery (r=+0.75, p=0.001) and between the value of the lower edge of the left coronary artery and the upper edge of the left coronary artery (r=+0.63, p=0.01). Thus, the analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery in women in norm and anthropometric indicators did not show a significant relationship. There was no statistical significance between the indicators of the height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries in women.
Determination of normative cephalometric parameters according to the Downs method for Ukrainian young men and young women with different face types
Authors: Drachevska I.Yu. , Dmitriev М.О. , Likhitskyi O.М. , Perlova A.V. , Gunas I.V.
Published: December 2021

Orthodontics is a rapidly evolving branch of dentistry in both theoretical and practical areas. Modern instrumental research methods used in it organically coexist with the already classical ones, perfectly complementing each other. It is such a classic method that is actively used in the practice of orthodontics is cephalometric analysis, which nevertheless requires updates over time and the emergence of new scientific data. The aim of the study was to establish the limits of percentile range and features of cephalometric parameters according to the Downs method in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion depending on the type of face. 49 young men and 76 young women with orthognathic occlusion underwent a cephalometric study using the Downs method in OnyxCeph³™ software, 3DPro version, Image Instruments GmbH, Germany (license № URSQ-1799). The division into facial types was performed using the Garson index. The licensed statistical package "Statistica 6.0" using non-parametric assessment methods analyzed the second (characteristics of the jaws by the method of Downs) and the third (indicators by the method of Downs that characterize the position of the teeth) groups of indicators. Studies have shown that most of the reliable or tendencies of differences in cephalometric parameters by the method of Downs in both young men and young women (more pronounced) with orthognathic occlusion, between different types of faces belong to the second group of indicators (dental characteristics of which surgical methods you can change the length, width, angles and positions of the upper and lower jaws). Manifestations of sexual dimorphism of cephalometric parameters by the method of Downs between young men and young women with appropriate facial types are insignificant and also, in almost all cases, belong to the second group of indicators. The established limits of percentile scope and features of cephalometric parameters according to the Downs method in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion depending on the type of face will improve the existing methods of treatment of dental patients.
22 Ağustos 2020 Tarihli Taşkına Neden Olan Dereli Deresi (Giresun) Havza Analizleri, Taşkının Nedenleri ve Sonuçları
Authors: APAYDIN Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Giresun’un Dereli ilçesinde 22 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde meydana gelen taşkında ilçe merkezinde Dereli Deresi üzerinde bulunan iki köprü tıkanmış ve sediment yüklü dere ilçenin caddelerine yönelmiştir. Motorlu araçlar dahil olmak üzere önüne gelen her şeyi sürükleyen suyun getirdiği binlerce ton sediment cadde ve sokaklar ile binaların giriş katlarına yığılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada, 39,5 km2 yağış alanına sahip Dereli Havzası’nın alansal ve rölyef morfometrisi, kalın toprak ve ayrışmış kayaç örtüsü nedeniyle sediment üretim ve taşkın potansiyelinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak taşkının asıl nedeni, Dereli Deresi yatağının yerleşime açılarak daraltılması ve buna bağlı olarak köprü açıklıklarının dar tutulmasıdır. Ayrıca, birbirine 5-6 m mesafede bulunan iki köprüden aşağıdakinin yatağa eğimli konumda olması derenin enerjisinin kırılarak sedimentin Aksu’ya boşalmasını yavaşlatmış ve köprülerin tıkanmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. Yeniden inşa çalışmaları devam eden Dereli’de benzer bir olayın tekrar yaşanmaması için Dereli Deresi’nin Aksu ile birleşim yerinden başlamak üzere yukarı doğru yatağın yerleşim öncesi doğal halindeki gibi geniş ve düz hat halinde bırakılması, ilçeye giriş yerinden başlamak üzere havzada sediment tutucu yapılar inşa edilmesi, dere içlerinden giden yolların yatağı daraltmayacak şekilde yeniden inşa edilmesi ve yol dolguları altında aşınmayı önleyici yapılar inşa edilmesi gerekir. Ayrıca, köprü açıklıkları akarsuların sediment yükleri hesaba katılarak mümkün olduğunca geniş bırakılmalı, yerleşim içi ve yukarısında yatak ve köprü altlarına biriken malzeme gerektikçe temizlenmelidir.
RESEARCH OF ELEMENTS OF TECHNICAL REGULATORY REGARDING THE INTRODUCTION AND OPERATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY TRACTORS
Authors:   L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT, Tsema T. , Afanasieva S. , Ryzhkova S.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyse the quantitative and qualitative composition of registered and registered in Ukraine in 2020 agricultural and forestry tractors (hereinafter - tractors) and to identify areas for improvement of technical regulatory elements for their commissioning and operation. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the analysis and generalization of data on registered and registered tractors, as well as certain elements of technical regulation (technical regulations, standards, procedures for assessment and confirmation of conformity). Results. To summarize the structure of data on tractors, an analysis of their quantitative and qualitative composition, namely new (2018-2020 years of production) and first commissioned in 2020 in Ukraine wheeled and tracked tractors, based on the report of the State Food and Consumer Service of Ukraine for 2020 [Register ( open data), 2020]. The results of the analysis showed that for the first time in Ukraine mostly new tractors are registered (96 %) and only about 4 % - imported, used tractors. Analysis of the distribution of registered new tractors by origin showed that about 60 % of new tractors are Chinese tractors, the vast majority of which are small tractors, about 22 % ― Belarusian production, domestic serial tractors are a small percentage ― within 6 %. Some elements of technical regulation used for putting into operation and operation of tractors in terms of their efficiency (technical regulations, procedures for confirmation of conformity and registration) are analysed. The results of the research are generalized and the directions of improvement of the elements of technical regulation on the commissioning and operation of tractors in Ukraine are determined. Conclusions. Taking into account the results of research on the structure and origin of tractors placed on the market and put into operation in Ukraine, analysis of the provisions of current regulations, it is determined that the issue of putting into operation and operation of single models of tractors, agricultural and forestry trailers remains unresolved. , trailer vehicles (hereinafter - vehicles), in particular the type of which is not approved in Ukraine, as well as used, converted, etc. Therefore, the current technical legislation governing the introduction of mass-produced vehicles covered by the Technical Regulation approving the type of agricultural and forestry tractors, their trailers and replaceable trailers, systems, components and individual technical units [CMU Resolution № 1367 of 28.12.2011] (hereinafter ― the Technical Regulation of type approval 1367/2011) must be supplemented by regulations, which establish the requirements and procedures for confirming the conformity of individual models of vehicles. This will allow for a more complete settlement of the issue of admission to traffic of safe vehicles.
formação contínua de professoras/es universitárias/os: afecções, afetos, emoções e sentimentos das perejivaniia docentes
Authors: Coelho Grasiela Maria de Souza , Longarezi Andréa Maturano
Published: December 2021

Este artigo resulta de pesquisa em âmbito de doutorado, tendo por problema como e o que movimenta o processo formativo que prospecta a liberdade-felicidade do docente. Estabeleceu-se como objetivo geral investigar, na Atividade Pedagógica, a prospecção liberdade-felicidade mediante o movimento coletivo do processo de formação e aprendizagem docente. Assumiu-se como método o Materialismo Histórico Dialético, fundamentando-se na Teoria Histórico-Cultural da Atividade e na Didática Desenvolvimental, tendo como metodologia a Pesquisa Coletiva. Utilizou-se como instrumental a produção coletiva de textos em encontros formativos. O método de análise desenhou-se por meio dos isolados, episódios e cenas decorrentes da produção coletiva dos dados, tendo por categoria analítica a unidade. Apresentam-se, neste artigo, as afecções, afetos, emoções e sentimentos delineadores das perejivaniia no movimento da Atividade Pedagógica. Como resultado, concluiu-se que o sentido de pertencimento é vital para a Atividade Pedagógica, tem íntima conexão com a unidade motivo-objeto e com o aprendizado ético-afetivo.
A REFUNDAÇÃO DO ESTADO
Authors: Brasil Fabíola Bezerra de Castro Alves , Cunha Filho Francisco Humberto
Published: December 2021

A formação do Estado moderno europeu resultou de longo processo de evolução, a partir da organização social fortemente hierarquizada na Idade Média. Dessa forma, conquistou e dominou novos territórios e povos, e o poder estatal dos colonizados resultou de um processo em que são refutadas a evolução histórica, além das condições culturais, aspectos naturais e geográficos. Nesse contexto de dominação e sufocamento da gênese dos povos, eclodem em países que viveram sob a égide do colonialismo, tensões políticas por mudança do paradigma estatal originário. Aflora a necessidade de refundação da ordem jurídica vigente, para ressignificar conceitos e princípios estatais, possibilitando contextos constitucionais que considerem elementos históricos e a diversidade cultural. A refundação do Estado importa também uma mudança na cidadania e democracia, na medida em que é possibilitada ao povo participação direta nas decisões políticas. Assim a refundação estatal pautada em aspectos que considerem outros parâmetros, privilegia o pluralismo como força geradora dessa mudança. Nesse artigo, analisa-se a possibilidade de refundação do Estado a partir de elementos que não compuseram a sua formação moderna, mas que vêm sendo ponderados a partir de realidades diferentes em que o pluralismo jurídico é considerado como marco. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, o presente artigo é de natureza qualitativa desenvolvida por pesquisa documental com fins exploratórios e descritivos. Ao final, conclui-se que o pluralismo jurídico atende a parâmetro de refundação do Estado por alcançar peculiaridades históricas e culturais dos povos na formação da nova ordem jurídica de países e compor a base de suas constituições.
Effects of Insulin on Gestational Pima Indian Heritage Females
Authors: Das Rabindra Nath , Saha Ishita , Konai Debjit , Medda Sunit Kumar
Published: December 2021

Diabetes and obesity reach epidemic proportions all over the world, while the effects of insulin resistance and its consequences are gaining prominence. The article derives the effects of insulin on gestational Pima Indian heritage females with minimum 21 years old. It is identified herein that mean insulin level for gestational women (GW) is positively linked with glucose level (P=0.0055), while it is negatively linked with age (P=0.0095). Mean insulin level for GW is independent of pregnancies (P=0.1866) and diabetes pedigree function (DPF) (P=0.5321), while it is partially positively linked with their joint interaction effect Pregnancies*DPF (P=0.0864). It is positively linked with blood pressure (BP) (P<0.0001) and triceps skin-fold thickness (TST) (P<0.0001), while it is negatively linked with the joint interaction effects BP*TST (P<0.0001) and DPF*TST (P<0.0001). In addition, mean insulin level is negatively linked with body mass index (BMI) (P=0.0001), while it is positively partially linked with the interaction effect BMI*DPF (P=0.1312). Variance of insulin level is positively linked with pregnancies (P=0.0184) and age (P=0.0027), while it is negatively linked with their joint interaction effect Pregnancies*Age (P=0.0418). Also variance of insulin level is partially negatively linked with BMI (P=0.0738) and glucose level (P=0.1439), while it is partially positively linked with their joint interaction effect BMI*Glucose (P=0.1472). Further, variance of insulin level is negatively linked with DPF (P=0.0309). It is concluded that for GW, insulin level increases with the increase of glucose level, BP, TST, and the interaction effects Pregnancies*DPF & BMI*DPF, and it decreases with the increase age, BMI, and the interaction effects BP*TST & DPF*TST. GW should be careful on her glucose level, BMI, BP & TST.
Influence of lumbar sagittal profile on pelvic orientation and pelvic motion during postural changes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis–related thoracolumbar kyphosis following pedicle subtraction osteotomy
Authors: Li Yao , Qian Bang-ping , Qiu Yong , Zhao Shi-zhou , Zhong Xiao-lin , Wang Bin
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the lumbar sagittal profile on pelvic orientation and pelvic motion during postural changes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and thoracolumbar kyphosis and to evaluate the potential risk of prosthetic dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) following pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO).

METHODS

Seventy-two patients with AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis following spinal osteotomy were retrospectively reviewed, and 21 healthy volunteers were recruited as a control group. Pre- and postoperative 2D full-body images in standing and sitting positions were obtained to evaluate the anterior pelvic plane angle (APPA), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), proximal femur angle (PFA), and femoroacetabular flexion during postural changes. Patients with AS were categorized in either a lordotic or kyphotic group based on the lumbar sagittal profile.

RESULTS

Significant increases in the SS and decreases in the APPA, PT, and LL were observed postoperatively in both the standing and sitting positions (p < 0.001 for all). Significantly higher APPA, PT, LL, and ΔPT, and lower SS, ΔSS, and ΔSS+ΔPFA were observed in the kyphotic group (p < 0.05). After undergoing PSO, ΔPT and ΔSS significantly decreased while femoroacetabular flexion significantly increased in both AS groups (p < 0.05), and no significant difference was present between the two groups (p > 0.05). Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Hip Index scores in the kyphotic group were significantly worse than those in the lordotic group pre- and postoperatively (p < 0.05). No significant difference in parameters concerning pelvic motion (ΔAPPA, ΔPT, and ΔSS) was found when PSO was performed in the thoracolumbar or lumbar spine.

CONCLUSIONS

Lumbar sagittal profiles greatly affect pelvic orientation and pelvic motion in AS. When THA is performed before PSO, AS patients with lumbar kyphosis are at higher risk of anterior prosthetic dislocation, while those with lordotic lumbar sagittal profiles are at higher risk of posterior dislocation. PSO should be performed prior to THA. After PSO, further decreased pelvic motion indicated a potential risk of posterior prosthetic dislocation after sequential THA, whereas theoretically patients with preoperative lumbar kyphosis are at higher risk of THA dislocation. The site where PSO was performed (thoracolumbar or lumbar spine) does not influence the risk of THA dislocation.
Hydrocephalus in achondroplasia: efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Authors: Kim Jun , Patel Vishal J. , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Olson DaiWai M. , Swift Dale M.
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE

Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) for hydrocephalus in patients with achondroplasia are known to have a higher failure rate than in other hydrocephalus populations. However, the etiology of hydrocephalus in this group is considered “communicating,” and, therefore, potentially not amenable to endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). ETV has, nonetheless, been reported to be successful in a small number of patients with achondroplasia. The authors aimed to investigate the long-term results of ETV in this population.

METHODS

Patients with achondroplasia who had undergone surgical treatment for hydrocephalus (ETV or VPS placement) were identified. In patients who had undergone ETV, medical records and neuroimages were reviewed to determine ventricular volumes and frontal and occipital horn ratios (FOHRs) pre- and postoperatively, as well as the incidence of surgical complications and reoperation. Patients who underwent VPS placement were included for historical comparison, and their medical records were reviewed for basic demographic information as well as the incidence of surgical complications and reoperation.

RESULTS

Of 114 pediatric patients with achondroplasia referred for neurosurgical consultation, 19 (17%) were treated for hydrocephalus; 10 patients underwent ETV only, 7 patients underwent VPS placement only, and 2 patients had a VPS placed followed by ETV. In patients treated with ETV, ventricular volume and FOHRs were normal, if measured at birth, and increased significantly until the time of the ETV. After ETV, all patients demonstrated significant and sustained decreases in ventricular measurements with surveillance up to 15 years. There was a statistically significant difference in rates of repeat CSF surgery between the ETV and VPS cohorts (0/12 vs 7/9, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

ETV was efficacious, safe, and durable in the treatment of hydrocephalus in patients with achondroplasia. Although many studies have indicated that hydrocephalus in these patients is “communicating,” a subset may develop an “obstructive” component that is progressive and responsive to ETV.
A study on adulteration of alcoholic beverages in Poland. What next?
Authors: Kowalska Aleksandra , Manning Louise
Published: December 2021

Słabnąca kontrola na rynku napojów alkoholowych w Polsce sprawia, że rośnie podatność tych produktów na zafałszowania i nieprawidłowości w oznakowaniu. Celem artykułu było dokonanie krytycznego przeglądu przypadków zafałszowań napojów alkoholowych w Polsce z lat 2009–2019 oraz sformułowanie rekomendacji dla struktur zarządzania w obszarze przeciwdziałania niezgodnościom. Podejście metodologiczne obejmowało: (1) przegląd literatury dotyczącej fałszowania żywności oraz pozycji polskiej branży napojów alkoholowych w gospodarce; (2) analizę danych pochodzących z upublicznionych decyzji Inspekcji Jakości Handlowej Artykułów Rolno-Spożywczych (IJHARS) dotyczących zafałszowań żywności oraz wyników kontroli Departamentu Inspekcji Handlowej Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów (IH UOKiK) w zakresie oznakowania. Analiza danych IH z lat 2009–2019 dowiodła, że napoje alkoholowe są relatywnie rzadziej fałszowane w Polsce niż produkty żywnościowe z innych grup technologicznych. Szczegółowa analiza danych IJHARS z lat 2016–2019 dotyczących 56 zafałszowanych napojów alkoholowych wykazała, że wśród najczęściej stwierdzanych nieprawidłowości były: pominięcie w wykazie pewnych składników, które powinny się w nim znaleźć, zaniżona zawartość alkoholu etylowego w produkcie względem deklaracji na etykiecie, błędnie oznaczona nazwa produktu. Ze względu na mocną pozycję Polski na europejskim i światowym rynku wódki i piwa warto zwiększać skalę wdrożenia systemów zarządzania jakością i bezpieczeństwem żywności właściwych do walki, przeciwdziałania i łagodzenia skutków fałszowania tych produktów, aby chronić ich wiarygodność. Ogromne znaczenie ma tu zwłaszcza kształtowanie, pomiar i doskonalenie pozytywnej kultury bezpieczeństwa żywności w przedsiębiorstwach z branży alkoholowej.
The nature of the action undertaken by the UN Special Rapporteur on migrant rights . Selected issues and problems
Authors: Wrońska Iwona
Published: December 2021

Despite the contribution they make to the life of host countries, migrants are often subjected to inappropriate or often cruel treatment because they are third-country nationals or are in an uncertain situation. The growing interest of the international community in the subject matter of human rights means that particular attention is now being devoted to migrant rights. The activity of the UN Special Rapporteur on migrant rights, who operates within the framework of the so-called Special Procedures established by the Human Rights Coun­cil, plays a special role among the mechanisms of protection of migrant rights in international relations.