bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysing the Sri Lankan civil war through the lens of conflict resolution theory
Authors: Sonia Dey
Published: June 2022

The Sri Lankan ethnic conflict can be identified as a landmark event in recent history, reflecting a visible social disunion between the majority and minority ethnic communities. Sri Lanka witnessed a major turnover of events, from circumscribed ethnic clashes to a full-scale civil war. The ripple effects of the Sri Lankan civil war crossed borders and drew global attention. The crisis involved successive governments in power in Colombo and Tamil separatist group, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), paving way for the deadliest social unrest in Sri Lankan history. To mediate the conflict and bring adversaries to negotiation, neutral third parties were involved. Norway played a significant role as a third-party mediator who applied various means for mitigating Sri Lanka’s conflict. However, the complicated ethno-centric politics of Sri Lanka and their inconsistent outlook towards the peace process restricted the scope for a successful conflict resolution. This paper highlights both conditions for success and failure of conflict resolution, and the use of third-party intervention as a crucial toolkit.This research also points out the equation between mediators and adversaries, and how their behavioural patterns affect conflict resolution processes. The unpredictable nature of adversary behaviour exposes a variety of challenges that the mediators are often unprepared for. The Sri Lankan peace process uncovered the powerlessness of non-coercive third-party mediation. This study holds potential to drive future researchers closer to exploring means to minimize the impacts of such limitations on forthcoming reconciliations.
Window onto a Vanished World: Lahu texts from Thailand in the 1960’s
Authors: Matisoff James A.
Published: June 2022

This extremely valuable collection of texts in the Lahu language represents the language and culture in the 1960’s, a time when the heritage language and culture were still vibrant and not yet globalized, hence the title Window on a Vanished World. It is also one of the largest collections of texts in any Tibeto-Burman language. The texts are available as a book and online with the audio (originally from 1960’s magnetic tape). This is a massive achievement for all involved in the recording, conversion, and editing.
“Conservar” ou “Desconservar”? Os Dilemas da Carpello Alimentos
Authors: Luiza de Castilho Rossoni Renata , Barbosa Leite Diogo , Maria dos Anjos Silvina , Correia Lima Manolita , De Vasconcellos Sílvio Luís
Published: June 2022

O presente caso de ensino apresenta da trajetória da Carpello Indústria e Comércio de Alimentos Ltda., uma bem-sucedida produtora de alimentos em conserva do Mato Grosso. Após quase duas décadas de crescimento e estruturação de suas atividades, em 2019, a empresa recebeu uma proposta milionária de venda da marca para uma multinacional do setor, que já operava no Brasil. Além de se tratar de uma situação real, o caso instiga aos estudantes desenvolverem reflexões acerca de dois conjuntos de decisões estratégicas, retratados como dilemas, geralmente comuns as pequena e médias empresas bem-sucedidas: vender o negócio ou continuar sua expansão. Para tanto, sugere-se como base teórica a Visão Baseada em Recursos. A aplicação do caso é recomendada para cursos de graduação e pós-graduação, especificamente em disciplinas como Planejamento, Estratégia Empresarial, Empreendedorismo ou quaisquer outras que objetivem desenvolver a relação entre recursos, capacidades e estratégias.
Citizenisation in the aftermath of domestic violence: the role of family, community and social networks
Authors: Anitha Sundari
Published: June 2022

Domestic violence impedes women’s exercise of full participatory citizenship. This article explicates the role of family, community and social networks in the aftermath of an abusive relationship as both an indicator of intimate citizenship as an achieved status and as a facilitator of the process of citizenisation in the private and public spheres. Based on life history interviews with 26 South Asian women in the UK, the findings reveal the myriad ways in which denial of citizenship continues long after, and in part due to, the end of the abusive relationship, and outline women’s efforts to regain a sense of identity, belongingness and membership within their intimate, family and community lives. In doing so, this article advances conceptual understandings of the lived practice of citizenship. It also problematises the binary construction of ‘victims’ versus ‘survivors’, which is premised on a linear and successful journey towards citizenisation following the end of the abusive relationship.
High performance p++-AlGaAs/n++-InGaP tunnel junctions for ultra-high concentration photovoltaics
Authors: Gou Yudan , Wang Hao , Wang Jun , Yang Huomu , Deng Guoliang
Published: June 2022

A p++-AlGaAs: C/n++-InGaP: Te tunnel junction with a record peak tunneling current density of 5518 A/cm2 was developed. This was achieved by inserting a 6.6 Å undoped GaAs quantum well at the junction interface, and the numerical model demonstrated that trap-assisted tunneling contributes to the high peak tunneling current. Furthermore, we found that the p++-AlGaAs: C/n++-InGaP: Si + Te tunnel junctions have lower resistance and better stability than p++-AlGaAs: C/n++-InGaP: Te tunnel junctions in the operating temperature range of the multijunction solar cells, and the peak tunneling current density of the p++-AlGaAs: C/n++-InGaP: Si + Te tunnel junctions excess 3000 A/cm2 with a voltage drop of 7.5 mV at 10000 suns.
Focusing-deflection composite system of space electron beam guns based on the curvilinear variable axis lens theory
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Dong Quanlin
Published: June 2022

The application of variable axis lens (VAL) technology to high-resolution electron microscopes has been well established. In the present study, a focusing-deflection composite system of space electron beam guns is designed based on the curvilinear variable axis lens (CVAL) theory to achieve the effective deflection of electron beam guns for welding in space. In addition, the conditions for the curvilinear variable axis of the focusing-deflection composite system combining a magnetic lens and electrostatic deflectors are deduced, and a curvilinear optical axis combining two parabolas is introduced as the designed trajectory. Finally, through the adjustment of the stimulation and angle of the deflectors, a function of the deflection field in line with the design requirements is obtained. The focusing-deflection composite system of space electron beam guns designed in this paper, consisting of two deflectors, is shown to meet the technical requirements for welding in space, and the deflection radius can reach up to 5 mm when the conditions for the curvilinear variable axis have been met.
The Aedes aegypti siRNA pathway mediates broad-spectrum defense against human pathogenic viruses and modulates antibacterial and antifungal defenses
Authors: Dong Yuemei , Dong Shengzhang , Dizaji Nahid Borhani , Rutkowski Natalie , Pohlenz Tyler , Myles Kevin , Dimopoulos George
Published: June 2022

The mosquito’s innate immune system defends against a variety of pathogens, and the conserved siRNA pathway plays a central role in the control of viral infections. Here, we show that transgenic overexpression of Dicer2 (Dcr2) or R2d2 resulted in an accumulation of 21-nucleotide viral sequences that was accompanied by a significant suppression of dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication, thus indicating the broad-spectrum antiviral response mediated by the siRNA pathway that can be applied for the development of novel arbovirus control strategies. Interestingly, overexpression of Dcr2 or R2d2 regulated the mRNA abundance of a variety of antimicrobial immune genes, pointing to additional functions of DCR2 and R2D2 as well as cross-talk between the siRNA pathway and other immune pathways. Accordingly, transgenic overexpression of Dcr2 or R2d2 resulted in a lesser proliferation of the midgut microbiota and increased resistance to bacterial and fungal infections.
Inference and dynamic simulation of malaria using a simple climate-driven entomological model of malaria transmission
Authors: Ukawuba Israel , Shaman Jeffrey
Published: June 2022

Given the crucial role of climate in malaria transmission, many mechanistic models of malaria represent vector biology and the parasite lifecycle as functions of climate variables in order to accurately capture malaria transmission dynamics. Lower dimension mechanistic models that utilize implicit vector dynamics have relied on indirect climate modulation of transmission processes, which compromises investigation of the ecological role played by climate in malaria transmission. In this study, we develop an implicit process-based malaria model with direct climate-mediated modulation of transmission pressure borne through the Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR). The EIR, a measure of the number of infectious bites per person per unit time, includes the effects of vector dynamics, resulting from mosquito development, survivorship, feeding activity and parasite development, all of which are moderated by climate. We combine this EIR-model framework, which is driven by rainfall and temperature, with Bayesian inference methods, and evaluate the model’s ability to simulate local transmission across 42 regions in Rwanda over four years. Our findings indicate that the biologically-motivated, EIR-model framework is capable of accurately simulating seasonal malaria dynamics and capturing of some of the inter-annual variation in malaria incidence. However, the model unsurprisingly failed to reproduce large declines in malaria transmission during 2018 and 2019 due to elevated anti-malaria measures, which were not accounted for in the model structure. The climate-driven transmission model also captured regional variation in malaria incidence across Rwanda’s diverse climate, while identifying key entomological and epidemiological parameters important to seasonal malaria dynamics. In general, this new model construct advances the capabilities of implicitly-forced lower dimension dynamical malaria models by leveraging climate drivers of malaria ecology and transmission.
The efficacy of sampling strategies for estimating scabies prevalence
Authors: Tellioglu Nefel , Chisholm Rebecca H. , McVernon Jodie , Geard Nicholas , Campbell Patricia Therese
Published: June 2022

Background

Estimating community level scabies prevalence is crucial for targeting interventions to areas of greatest need. The World Health Organisation recommends sampling at the unit of households or schools, but there is presently no standardised approach to scabies prevalence assessment. Consequently, a wide range of sampling sizes and methods have been used. As both prevalence and drivers of transmission vary across populations, there is a need to understand how sampling strategies for estimating scabies prevalence interact with local epidemiology to affect the accuracy of prevalence estimates.

Methods

We used a simulation-based approach to compare the efficacy of different scabies sampling strategies. First, we generated synthetic populations broadly representative of remote Australian Indigenous communities and assigned a scabies status to individuals to achieve a specified prevalence using different assumptions about scabies epidemiology. Second, we calculated an observed prevalence for different sampling methods and sizes.

Results

The distribution of prevalence in subpopulation groups can vary substantially when the underlying scabies assignment method changes. Across all of the scabies assignment methods combined, the simple random sampling method produces the narrowest 95% confidence interval for all sample sizes. The household sampling method introduces higher variance compared to simple random sampling when the assignment of scabies includes a household-specific component. The school sampling method overestimates community prevalence when the assignment of scabies includes an age-specific component.

Discussion

Our results indicate that there are interactions between transmission assumptions and surveillance strategies, emphasizing the need for understanding scabies transmission dynamics. We suggest using the simple random sampling method for estimating scabies prevalence. Our approach can be adapted to various populations and diseases.
Open innovation as a strategy for collaboration-based business model innovation: The moderating effect among multigenerational entrepreneurs
Authors: Srisathan Wutthiya A. , Ketkaew Chavis , Jitjak Wuttiwat , Ngiwphrom Sirinthip , Naruetharadhol Phaninee
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of collaboration-based business model innovation through an open innovation strategy among multigenerational-cohort SMEs in the context of the Thailand setting. This current research identified four key antecedents of open innovation based on resource and capability review. Open innovation is examined in two main strategies: (1) open innovation breadth and depth, and (2) open innovation cooperation. Using survey data from family-owned SMEs in Thailand, we estimate multigroup structural invariance models considering four generational cohorts by age: Generation Z, Generation Y, Generation X, and Baby Boomers. The empirical results indicated that family business owners are more likely to pay attention to innovative human capital and strategic agility among Generation Y and Baby Boomers. Meanwhile, Generation Z, Generation Y, and Baby Boomers tend to understand the importance of strategic agility before they strategize their breadth and depth of open innovation. To execute an open innovation strategy, Generation Z, Generation Y, and Generation X tend to implement a partner-search strategy and then do a cooperation plan. Our findings imply that business practitioners should understand the moderating role of generational cohorts due to their experience age. There are differences among Generation Z, Generation Y, and Generation X when participating in collaboration-based business model innovation using an open innovation strategy.
β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-induced resistance to tobacco black shank in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Ren Xiyue , Wang Jianjun , Zhu Faliang , Wang Zhijiang , Mei Jian , Xie Yonghui , Liu Tao , Ye Xianwen
Published: June 2022

Tobacco black shank is a kind of soil-borne disease caused by the Oomycete Phytophthora parasitica. This disease is one of the most destructive diseases to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) growth worldwide. At present, various measures have been taken to control this disease, but they still have different challenges and limitations. Studies have shown that β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), a nonprotein amino acid, can enhance disease resistance in plants against different varieties of pathogens. However, it is unclear whether BABA can induce plants to resist Phytophthora parasitica infection. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect and related mechanism of BABA against tobacco black shank. Our results showed that 5 mmol.L-1 BABA had an obvious anti-inducing effect on the pathogenic fungus and could effectively inhibit the formation of dark spots in the stems. The results also showed that a large amount of callose deposition was observed in BABA-treated tobacco. Furthermore, the application of BABA induced the accumulation of H2O2 in tobacco and effectively regulated the homeostasis of reactive oxygen in tobacco plants, reducing the toxicity of H2O2 to plants while activating the defense system. In addition, BABA spray treatment could induce an increase in the concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) in tobacco, and the gene expression results confirmed that BABA upregulated the expression of SA-related genes (PR1, PR2 and PR5), JA-related genes (PDF1.2) and ET-related genes (EFE26 and ACC oxidase) in tobacco plants. Taken together, BABA could activate tobacco resistance to black shank disease by increasing H2O2 accumulation, callose deposition, plant hormone (SA and JA-Ile) production, and SA-, JA-, and ET- signaling pathways.
Young children’s footwear taxonomy: An international Delphi survey of parents, health and footwear industry professionals
Authors: Williams Cylie M. , Morrison Stewart C. , Paterson Kade , Gobbi Katherine , Burton Sam , Hill Matthew , Harber Emma , Banwell Helen
Published: June 2022

Objective

There is little consistency between commercial grade footwear brands for determining shoe sizing, and no universally accepted descriptors of common types or features of footwear. The primary aim of this research was to develop a footwear taxonomy about the agreed types of footwear commonly worn by children under the age of six. Secondary aims were to gain consensus of the common footwear features, when different types of footwear would be commonly worn, common terms for key footwear parts, and how movement at some of these footwear parts should be described.

Materials and methods

Opinions were collected through a three-round modified Delphi international online survey from parents, health professionals, researchers, and footwear industry professionals. The first survey displayed generic pictures about different footwear types and asked participants to provide a grouping term, when the footwear would be worn (for what type of activity) and any grouping features. The second and third rounds presented consensus and gathered agreement on statements.

Results

There were 121 participants who provided detailed feedback to open-ended questions. The final round resulted in consensus and agreement on the names of 14 different footwear types, when they are commonly worn and their common features. Participants also reached consensus and agreement on the terms heel counter to describe the back part of footwear and fixtures as the collective term for features allowing footwear adjustability and fastening. They also agreed on terms to quantify the flexibility at footwear sole (bend or twist) or the heel counter.

Conclusion

This first taxonomy of children’s footwear represents consensus amongst different stakeholders and is an important step in promoting consistency within footwear research. One shoe does not fit all purposes, and the recommendations from this work help to inform the next steps towards ensuring greater transparency and commonality with footwear recommendations.
Encouraging improvement in HPV vaccination coverage among adolescent girls in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Patrick Lydia , Bakeera-Kitaka Sabrina , Rujumba Joseph , Malande Oliver Ombeva
Published: June 2022

Introduction

WHO recommends vaccination against HPV for girls before sexual debut. Uganda started HPV vaccination in 2008 as pilot programs in 2 districts, followed by national roll out in 2015. Despite the availability of vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) in Uganda in the period covered by the study, there was reported low HPV vaccine uptake and completion especially of the second dose in Uganda; with little information available on timely completion of HPV vaccine and the associated factors in Uganda. This study was therefore done to determine the HPV vaccine dose 2 completion and describe the possible factors associated with timely HPV vaccine completion and non-completion among girls of age 9–14 years attending the adolescent clinic at Mulago hospital.

Methods

A retrospective mixed methods study was conducted in Mulago National Referral hospital adolescent clinic. Data were mainly collected through review of charts and folders for clinic attendance by eligible girls and focus group discussions with eligible girls that completed the 2 doses of HPV vaccine on recommended/scheduled time.

Results

Out of the 201 girls studied, 87 girls (43.3%) had timely completion of the HPV vaccination. Knowledge about HPV infection and HPV vaccine benefits, positive peer influence and healthcare worker recommendation to get vaccinated at health facility level positively influenced timely completion of HPV vaccine. Among barriers to completion of HPV vaccine identified were: inadequate information about HPV infection and HPV vaccine, concerns about HPV vaccine efficacy and safety, unclear communication with adolescents/caregivers from healthcare workers and -stock out of the HPV vaccine.

Conclusion

Timely completion of the second dose of HPV vaccine among girls attending the adolescent clinic of Mulago hospital was low (at 43.3%) but higher when compared to earlier published reports. Interventions around improved social mobilization, enhanced outreach and static vaccination approach and education of eligible girls on HPV vaccination can help increase vaccine uptake.
Patient coaching: What do patients want? A mixed methods study in waiting rooms of outpatient clinics
Authors: Alders Irène , Smits Carolien , Brand Paul , van Dulmen Sandra
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Effective communication in specialist consultations is difficult for some patients. These patients could benefit from support from a coach who accompanies them to and during medical specialist consultations to improve communication in the consultation room. This study aims to investigate patients’ perspective on interest in support from a patient coach, what kind of support they would like to receive and what characterizes an ideal patient coach.

Methods

We applied a mixed method design to obtain a realistic understanding of patients’ perspectives on a patient coach. Patients in the waiting rooms of outpatient clinics were asked to fill out a short questionnaire which included questions about demographic characteristics, perceived efficacy in patient-provider interaction and patients’ interest in support from a patient coach. Subsequently, patients interested in a patient coach were asked to participate in a semi-structured interview. The quantitative data were examined using univariate analysis and the qualitative interview data were analysed using content analysis.

Results

The survey was completed by 154 patients and eight of them were interviewed. Perceived efficacy in patient-physician interactions was the only variable that showed a significant difference between patients with and without an interest in support from a patient coach. The interviews revealed that a bad communication experience was the main reason for having an interest in support from a patient coach. Before the consultation, a patient coach should take the time to get to know the patient, build trust, and help the patient create an agenda, so take the patient seriously and recognize the patient as a whole person. During the consultation, a patient coach should support the patient by intervening and mediating when necessary to elicit the patient’s agenda. After the consultation, a patient coach should be able to explain and discuss medical information and treatment consequences. An ideal patient coach should have medical knowledge, a strong personality and good communication skills.

Conclusion

Especially patients who had a bad communication experience in a specialist consultation would like support from a patient coach. The kind of support they valued most was intervening and mediating during the consultation. To build the necessary trust, patient coaches should take time to get to know the patient and take the patient seriously. Medical knowledge, good communication skills and a strong personality were considered prerequisites for patient coaches to be capable to intervene in specialist consultations.
Hepatitis B virus X protein counteracts high mobility group box 1 protein-mediated epigenetic silencing of covalently closed circular DNA
Authors: Kim Elena S. , Zhou Jun , Zhang Hu , Marchetti Alexander , van de Klundert Maarten , Cai Dawei , Yu Xiaoyang , Mitra Bidisha , Liu Yuanjie , Wang Mu , Protzer Ulrike , Guo Haitao
Published: June 2022

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), serving as the viral persistence form and transcription template of HBV infection, hijacks host histone and non-histone proteins to form a minichromosome and utilizes posttranslational modifications (PTMs) “histone code” for its transcriptional regulation. HBV X protein (HBx) is known as a cccDNA transcription activator. In this study we established a dual system of the inducible reporter cell lines modelling infection with wildtype (wt) and HBx-null HBV, both secreting HA-tagged HBeAg as a semi-quantitative marker for cccDNA transcription. The cccDNA-bound histone PTM profiling of wt and HBx-null systems, using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), confirmed that HBx is essential for maintenance of cccDNA at transcriptionally active state, characterized by active histone PTM markers. Differential proteomics analysis of cccDNA minichromosome established in wt and HBx-null HBV cell lines revealed group-specific hits. One of the hits in HBx-deficient condition was a non-histone host DNA-binding protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Its elevated association to HBx-null cccDNA was validated by ChIP-qPCR assay in both the HBV stable cell lines and infection systems in vitro. Furthermore, experimental downregulation of HMGB1 in HBx-null HBV inducible and infection models resulted in transcriptional re-activation of the cccDNA minichromosome, accompanied by a switch of the cccDNA-associated histones to euchromatic state with activating histone PTMs landscape and subsequent upregulation of cccDNA transcription. Mechanistically, HBx interacts with HMGB1 and prevents its binding to cccDNA without affecting the steady state level of HMGB1. Taken together, our results suggest that HMGB1 is a novel host restriction factor of HBV cccDNA with epigenetic silencing mechanism, which can be counteracted by viral transcription activator HBx.
Determinants of rural hand-pump functionality through maintenance provision in the Central African Republic
Authors: Fink Eliza Lynn , Chintalapati Pranav , Lane Adrienne , Wester Andrew , Javernick-Will Amy , Linden Karl
Published: June 2022

While preventive maintenance services have emerged as promising interventions to improve the continuity of water service delivery, the operational and contextual requirements for sustained functionality within maintenance models are not well understood. This paper uses data analysis to better understand factors influencing the success of rural water service delivery within the circuit rider maintenance model in fragile contexts. Incorporating operational data from a large scale circuit rider hand-pump maintenance program in the Central African Republic, mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to identify determinants of water point functionality and payment compliance. Models were informed by data from over 16,000 maintenance visits across nine years. Faster response time, proximity to urban centers, and proximity to other hand-pumps emerged as significant factors for improving water point functionality, while proximity to maintenance program headquarters, pump functionality, and frequency of maintenance visits significantly influenced payment compliance. The observed high functionality rates of hand-pumps serviced by the maintenance program indicates the potential benefits of professionalized maintenance through the circuit rider model at promoting water system reliability in fragile contexts. Despite adaptability and resilience in implementation of the circuit rider model, insecurity and conflict remain barriers to sustaining service delivery in the Central African Republic.
Pathological, molecular, and serological study of small ruminant lentiviruses in Jordan
Authors: Hailat Nabil Q. , Algharaibeh Tameem B. , Al-Eitan Laith N.
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: Maedi-visna is a chronic viral disease of sheep with worldwide distribution causing substantial economic losses to the small ruminant industry. Pneumonia and mastitis are the main manifestations of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of maedi-visna virus (MVV) in sheep using histopathology and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques and also to estimate the seroprevalence of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) in sheep and goats using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Materials and Methods: Lung tissue samples from 380 sheep were collected and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathology and molecular diagnosis of MVV. Separately, 806 serum samples were randomly collected from 633 sheep and 173 goats to detect the seroprevalence of SRLVs using ELISA.

Results: The results showed that 4.7% of lung samples (n=190) were positive by both histopathology and nested PCR, 5.8% (n = 380) were positive by histopathology only (have lymphoid follicular hyperplasia), and 7.4% (n = 190) were positive by nested PCR only. Statistical analysis revealed a moderate agreement between the two tests (Kappa=0.451, n = 190). Serology results revealed that sheep and/or goats herd prevalence was 59.8% (n = 87), while individual seroprevalence in sheep (40.1%, n = 633) was significantly higher than that in the other six countries and also significantly higher than that in goats (18.5%, n = 173) (at p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The moderate statistical agreement between nested PCR and histopathological diagnosis of MVV in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sheep lung tissue samples (Kappa=0.451, n = 190) suggests combining both tests for more sensitive MVV detection in sheep lung samples. SRLVs seropositivity in sheep was significantly higher than in goats, thus, it is of high concern and urges the inquiry into the economic impact of the disease and the financial benefit of adopting eradication measures.
On cospectrality of gain graphs
Authors: Cavaleri Matteo , Donno Alfredo
Published: June 2022

We define

G

G

-cospectrality of two

G

G

-gain graphs

(

Γ
,
ψ

)

\left(\Gamma ,\psi )

and

(

Γ
′
,
ψ
′

)

\left(\Gamma ^{\prime} ,\psi ^{\prime} )

, proving that it is a switching isomorphism invariant. When

G

G

is a finite group, we prove that

G

G

-cospectrality is equivalent to cospectrality with respect to all unitary representations of

G

G

. Moreover, we show that two connected gain graphs are switching equivalent if and only if the gains of their closed walks centered at an arbitrary vertex

v

v

can be simultaneously conjugated. In particular, the number of switching equivalence classes on an underlying graph

Γ

\Gamma

with

n

n

vertices and

m

m

edges, is equal to the number of simultaneous conjugacy classes of the group

G

m
−
n
+
1

{G}^{m-n+1}

. We provide examples of

G

G

-cospectral switching nonisomorphic graphs and we prove that any gain graph on a cycle is determined by its

G

G

-spectrum. Moreover, we show that when

G

G

is a finite cyclic group, the cospectrality with respect to a faithful irreducible representation implies the cospectrality with respect to any other faithful irreducible representation, and that the same assertion is false in general.
Japanese hypothetical enactment as a response to third-party complaint
Authors: Arita Yuki
Published: June 2022

This study examines Japanese enactment, an interactional phenomenon wherein participants in conversation act out themselves or others by utilizing specific designs of lexis, grammar, and prosody, as well as body movements. While these enactments can often be observed when a speaker depicts what someone said, did, or thought in the past, this article explores hypothetical enactments. Unlike enactments that are designed as representing real utterances and/or body movements performed in the past, hypothetical enactments are designed with linguistic and contextual features that indicate that they are fictitious. The data were drawn from a collection of video-recorded ordinary conversations in Japanese. Employing Conversation Analysis as its analytical framework, this study focuses on how Japanese speakers use hypothetical enactments to respond to co-participants’ complaints about a third party who is absent from an ongoing here-and-now interactional site (i.e., third-party complaints). The findings reveal that complaint recipients may produce hypothetical enactments as jokes or advice. When complaint recipients provide hypothetical enactments as jokes, they depict an improbable situation sarcastically. When complaint recipients provide hypothetical enactment as advice, they often demonstrate taking an alternative approach toward an antagonist. These enacted hypothetical scenarios may or may not be collaboratively extended by other participants, depending on how those participants treat the proposed scenarios.
Las dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible y la profesión de contador público
Authors: Benavides Gallego Gonzalo
Published: June 2022

El mundo afronta problemas que afectan a todos los países y sus habitantes. El desarrollo sostenible es una forma de abordar dichos problemas a los cuales la gestión empresarial y las profesiones no son ajenos. Por lo tanto, el estudio parte de formular la pregunta “¿cuáles son relaciones entre las diferentes dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible y los ámbitos de actuación de los contadores públicos?”. Para resolverla, se busca establecer la relación de los ámbitos de la profesión de contador público con las dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible. Desde lo teórico, se fundamenta en el concepto general de lo sostenible, y diversos enfoques y metodologías que detallan sus elementos. Lo central del método es un estudio descriptivo, analítico y relacional a partir de fuentes teóricas, para plantear como resultado una caracterización de las relaciones entre la contaduría púbica y las dimensiones del mencionado concepto. La conclusión general gira en torno a la definición de cuatro categorías de relaciones de lo ya expuesto.
Determinantes macroeconómicos del riesgo de impago en créditos de vivienda de interés social (VIS) en Bogotá, en el periodo 2003-2016
Authors: Soto López Andrés Alberto
Published: June 2022

.
Análisis de la salud financiera mediante el modelo Z-Score de Altman en empresas del sector construcción de la provincia de Guanentá, Comunera y de Vélez para el 2016 y el 2017
Authors: Castillo Tavera Fernando , Gómez Silva Silvia Lisseth , Gómez Ballesteros Carolina
Published: June 2022

.
Responsabilidad social empresarial y longevidad. El caso de microempresas del sector comercial en Palenque y Catazajá, Chiapas
Authors: García Álvarez Hugo , López Franco Verania Montserrat
Published: June 2022

La responsabilidad social en la actualidad supone una colaboración entreempresas y comunidades, lo que implica una clara consciencia de que las acciones presentes van a repercutir en el futuro y, en ese sentido, de que la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) se encarga del bienestar entre empresa, comunidad y ambiente.

Este estudio descubrió que, en general, las microempresas de Palenque y Catazajá (n = 95) sí cumplen los tres ambitos de la responsabilidad social empresarial, con un buen balance entre lo social (3.77), lo económico (3.70) y lo medioambiental (3.87). Poco menos de la mitad de las empresas (n = 40) lleva 10 años implementando algunas de estas estrategias, lo que “apoya” la noción de que la RSE contribuye a su longevidad.
Iglesia de Cristo/Iglesia Católica. Acercamiento Histórico-Sistemático a la Interpretación Católica de la Fórmula «Subsistit In»
Authors: Herrera Tovar Erik Julián , Chacón Sánchez Sergio Alberto
Published: June 2022

Es indiscutible que el Vaticano II significó un importante cambio de paradigma de grandes dimensiones para la Iglesia Católica en lo concerniente al diálogo interconfesional y a la eclesiología subyacente a su propuesta ecuménica. La Constitución dogmática Lumen Gentium (LG) es uno de los documentos centrales del Vaticano II y fue pensada como un primer paso para una nueva era de autocomprensión de la Iglesia. Es en este sentido que analizaremos la tan discutida y controversial declaración «subsistit in» de LG 8 como reemplazo del «est» del Vaticano I, así como sus implicaciones dogmáticas, eclesiales, pastorales.
La eutanasia es un hecho ilícito en el Derecho colombiano
Authors: Rodríguez Santos Carlos Manuel
Published: June 2022

La eutanasia en Colombia, a diferencia de Holanda, no es resultado de un consenso cultural que naciera de la sociedad misma, sino de una iniciativa de la Corte Constitucional a través de su jurisprudencia. Siendo así, la Corte Constitucional al impartir orden mediante sus fallos jurisprudenciales al ministerio de Salud y protección social para reglamentar la organización y funcionamiento de un comité interdisciplinario en los Hospitales, Clínicas, IPS, EPS en relación con la Eutanasia en Colombia, además de oponerse a nuestra cultura religiosa; indudablemente, es incompatible con el principio constitucional de legalidad, consagrado en los arts. 6, 90, 121, 122, 124 y 230 (C.N. de 1991), así como los arts. 4°, 5° y 13 de la ley 153 de 1887 y el art. 32 de la ley 57 de 1887.
El aseguramiento de la calidad como generador de cambios institucionales en universidades privadas de Colombia
Authors: García Gil Mónica Eliana , Piovani Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2022

El Sistema de Aseguramiento de la Calidad de la educación enColombia ha sido objeto de varias revisiones y propuestas en lo queconcierne a la acreditación de las Instituciones de Educación Superior(IES) y de los programas académicos de pregrado y posgrado.Dichos procesos han estado en el centro de la discusión debido a suincidencia en distintos ámbitos de la institucionalidad universitaria,como las dinámicas académicas, las prácticas educativas, lasestructuras organizacionales, el gobierno y la gestión, entre otros.En este marco, este artículo recoge resultados preliminares de unainvestigación que tiene como propósito analizar la incidencia de laacreditación institucional en universidades privadas de Bogotá y Medellín (durante el periodo 2015-2018), a partir de la estrategiametodológica de los estudios de caso. La revisión bibliográfica y lasentrevistas realizadas permiten identificar procesos y mecanismosen torno a la calidad que se han institucionalizado y que llegana generar cambios internos, así como a permear distintos nivelesy actores dentro de las IES, al tiempo que generan efectos nohomogéneos y diferentes respuestas de acuerdo con la naturalezae identidad de las instituciones que los implementan.
Antennal responses of black plum sawfly (Hoplocampa minuta) to European plum (Prunus domestica) flower volatiles
Authors: Kárpáti Zsolt , Molnár Béla Péter
Published: June 2022

Black plum sawfly (Hoplocampa minuta) is an important pest species of plum (Prunus domestica). In organic plum orchards, the yield loss caused by H. minuta larval damage can reach almost 100% occasionally. Adults feed on pollen and nectar of the plum flower; therefore, we hypothesize that, besides visual cues, also olfaction plays an important role in habitat and host finding. To understand the chemical communication mediated by flower volatiles to black sawflies, we investigated the chemical signals released from plum flowers, which can trigger the peripheral physiological responses of adult sawflies. First, using gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography (GC-EAD), we selected 18 physiologically active compounds from the headspace volatile collection of plum flowers, which triggered the H. minuta male and female antennae. Subsequently, we determine the volatilome of plum flower and identified those compounds, which elicited physiological responses, using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These antennally active components in flower volatiles could be candidates for potential kairomone, which could later be used for attracting males and females of H. minuta and could contribute to developing pesticide-free, effective monitoring and lure and kill strategy against this pest.
Frühmittelalterliche byzantinische Kupfermünzen aus dem Raum von Orosháza (Komitat Békés, Ungarn)
Authors: Prohászka Péter , Rózsa Zoltán
Published: June 2022

In this paper we present and analyse the 6th–7th-century Byzantine coins found at Orosháza and its surroundings. The first Byzantine coin – a follis of Justinian I – was found in Szentetornya in 1877. Using metal detectors during archaeological survey eight Byzantine coins had come to light: a follis of Justinian I, five folles, a half-follis of Justin II, and two folles of Heraclius. A greater part of them was accurately identified. Here we'll analyse their role outside the Byzantine Empire, as compared to the coin circulation in the Avar Age Carpathian Basin. We try to answer the question why Byzantine coins relatively frequently occurred at Orosháza and its surroundings.
The building of palisades and palisaded castles in Ottoman Hungary – Case studies
Authors: Kovács Gyöngyi , Sümegi Pál
Published: June 2022

During the period of Ottoman rule in Hungary (1541‒1686), palisaded castles of differing sizes were typical elements in the border-castle networks on both sides of the battlefront: the Ottoman and the Christian. Archaeological remains (post-holes, beam structures, parts of palisades) complement the data in the written sources, making perceptible and measurable the great quantities of timber used in the building of castles. In the case of the Ottoman palisaded castle at Barcs and in that of the royal palisaded castle at Bajcsavár (southern Transdanubia), attempts were made ‒ on the basis of archaeological observations and reconstructions of ground plans ‒ to determine the number of palisade stakes used for the walls at the time of building, as well as to establish the number of trees felled in order to make them. By way of environmental history researches, an answer was sought to the question of how much the construction of these palisaded castles impacted on the forests in their respective districts. In the case of Barcs Castle, investigations were conducted into whether forest clearance in its vicinity can be reconstructed on the basis of pollen samples. Other issues examined are how far forest clearance extended from the two fortifications, its intensity, and the approximate quantities of timber yielded by it.
The virulence and reproduction of six entomopathogenic nematode strains of species Steinernema longicaudum to mealworm Tenebrio molitor in the laboratory conditions
Authors: Ngoc Chau Nguyen , Tuan Anh Do
Published: June 2022

The virulence of and reproduction capacity of six entomopathogenic nematode strains of species Steinernema longicaudum (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) to second stage larvae of mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was evaluated under laboratory conditions. An initial assessment with ten concentrations showed that mortality increased with the number of infective juveniles (IJs), and that the strain S-DM caused the highest mortality (97.2%) of T. molitor larvae. However, the effect of nematode strains and concentrations on the mortality of larvae was not statistically significant. The virulent of all nematode strains were moderately high with low lethal LC50 values between 43.8 and 47.6 IJs. The reproduction capacity of six nematode strains produced high yields between 65.700 and 79.700 IJs. The relationship between mealworm stage and concentrations of IJs was not significantly difference in all EPN strains. In all bioassays, the second stage of mealworms was the most susceptible. All these indigenous strains of species S. longicaudum might be adapted as potential agents in both categories, e.g. pathogenicity and reproduction capacity.
Legal Regulation of the Development of the Digital Educational Environment and the Commercialization of the Results of Scientific Developments in Education
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Baltutite Iolanta
Published: June 2022

Introduction: one of the national development goals of the Russian Federation until 2030 is digital transformation, which implies the achievement of “digital maturity” of key sectors of the Russian economy and social sphere, including healthcare and education, as well as public administration. The goals, objectives, and measures for the implementation of state policy designed to promote the formation of the digital economy in Russia, the use of science and technology as a key factor in the development of the country, to ensure national interests and the implementation of strategic national priorities are defined by the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017–2030. Purpose: to analyze the main directions of digital transformation of the science and education sector in connection with the intensification of the process of digitalization of all spheres of society, fixed as one of the priorities of Russia’s development at the state level; to study the conditions for effective interaction of universities with industry and business. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is the methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are the methods of systematicity, analysis, and comparative law. Results: the necessity of defining a new role of education for the sustainable development of Russia and ensuring structural changes in the country’s economy is revealed; new trends related to the transfer of knowledge and technology from universities to the industry are described, legislative initiatives and other instruments of its stimulation are considered; some problems of the development of science, education, and entrepreneurship in the light of the implementation of the national project “Digital Economy” are identified. Conclusions: a system of educational quality criteria for creating a digital educational environment is defined; it is established that the mechanism of commercialization of the results of scientific applied research and development in the Russian Federation does not function effectively enough; the problems and directions of improving the legal regulation of relations in the field of public-private partnership, the results of artificial intelligence, the development of the digital educational environment are shown.
Geopolitics As a Conceptual Paradigm of the Content and Essence of the State and Law
Authors:   Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Grachev Nikolay
Published: June 2022

Introduction: the dominance of liberal ideology in modern jurisprudence eliminates the concept of an exclusive state and legal space. Under the basic postulates of theoretical geopolitics, on the contrary, the formation and development of any viable state organism occur by linking it to a certain part of the earth’s surface and is determined by its geographical properties. The subject of the paper is the study of the impact of geopolitical factors on the state and legal organization of countries and peoples. Its purpose is to establish the degree of conditionality of the internal legal order of states by the properties of spatial localization of the peoples forming them. Methods: the methodological framework for the research was a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the dialectical method and the civilizational approach took the main place in the systematic analysis of the main trends in the development of sovereign statehood in historical retrospect and in the modern world. Results: modern jurisprudence and positive law, including international law, are increasingly correlated with liberal ideology, claiming the universality of its values and meanings and their spread on a global scale, which leads to an increasing weakening of sovereignty, chaos, and anomie in the internal life of states and international relations. Conclusions: in the current conditions, the law cannot act as a “measure of all things”. It should be exhaustively put at the service of geopolitics, helping the state, claiming real sovereignty, to implement such a strategy for the development of its own and surrounding space, which would allow it to extract the greatest positive results from its geographical structure and achieve natural borders in the further development, thereby adequately defining the place of existence and development of the state-forming people.