bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of fiscal deficit and trade openness on current account deficit in India: new evidence on twin deficits hypothesis
Authors: Mehta Dhyani , Mallikarjun M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of fiscal deficit, exchange rate and trade openness on current account deficit (CAD). The study tried to empirically investigate the ‘twin deficits hypothesis’ and ‘compensation hypothesis’ in the Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach

Autoregressive distributed lagARDL) bound test approach was used by taking annual time series data from 1978 to 2021. The estimates confirm a significant long-run and short-run relationship between dependent variables, i.e. CAD and independent variables such as the fiscal deficit, exchange rate and trade openness.

Findings

The results show that positive shocks of all explanatory variables significantly affect the CAD. CAD and fiscal deficit are significantly associated, as the coefficient of fiscal deficit is positive and significant. The study also found that exchange rate and trade openness significantly affect the CAD. The coefficients of exchange rate and trade openness are positive and significant. The findings show that an increase in CADs results from liberal trade policies that help domestic industries grow their trade and expansionary fiscal policy, leading to a higher fiscal deficit. The negative and significant error correction term suggests that short-run disequilibrium converges to long-run equilibrium at a speed of 19.2%. The findings validate the ‘twin deficits hypothesis’ and ‘compensation hypothesis’ in the Indian context.

Practical implications

It can be inferred from the study that liberal policy to promote economic growth and trade openness should be designed and promoted judiciously. An excessive liberalised approach may impact other macroeconomic variables such as current account balances. Integrating the domestic market with global markets poses a big challenge for countries like India that aspire to penetrate global markets. Furthermore, the Indian policy makers should rigorously work and promote the policies such as Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) as reduction in fiscal deficits, trade imbalances will also be reduced.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature on ‘twin deficit’ and trade openness by giving new evidence on the trilemma between designing sustainable fiscal policy by spending wisely without imperilling the country's global presence and CAD.
A time for heroes? Conceptualization, development and validation of the brand hero scale
Authors: Lin Yu-Ting , Foscht Thomas , Eisingerich Andreas Benedikt
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Prior work underscores the important role of customer advocacy for brands. The purpose of this study is to explore the critical role customers can play as brand heroes. The authors developed and validated a measurement scale composed of properties that are derived from distinct brand hero motivational mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted one exploratory pilot, using semi-structured interviews, with industry and academic experts, and employed three main studies across varying brands and market settings.

Findings

This study explores and empirically demonstrates how the brand hero scale (BHS) is related to, yet distinct from, existing scales of opinion leaders, market mavens, attachment and customer advocacy. The six-item BHS demonstrates convergent, discriminant, nomological and predictive validity across several different brand contexts.

Research limitations/implications

This research extends the extant body of work by identifying and defining brand heroes, developing and validating a parsimonious BHS, and demonstrating how its predictive validity extends both to a range of key advocacy and loyalty customer behaviors.

Practical implications

The study provides provocative insights for marketing researchers and brand managers and ascertains the important role heroes may play for brands in terms of strong customer advocacy and loyalty behaviors.

Originality/value

Building on the theory of meaning, this study shows that identifying and working with brand heroes is of great managerial importance and offers critical avenues for future research.
General and reproductive healthcare experiences of formerly incarcerated women in the United States: a qualitative study
Authors: O’Connor Sarah K. , Vanjani Rachna , Cannon Rachel , Dawson Mary Beth , Perkins Rebecca
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The US prison population has recently reached an all-time high, with women representing the fastest growing subpopulation. Correctional health-care system in the USA remains fragmented and nonuniform in practice, particularly in women’s health care, with poor transitions between incarceration and release. This study aims to examine the qualitative health-care experiences of women while incarcerated and their transition into the community health-care setting. Additionally, this study also examined the experiences of a subset of women who were pregnant while incarcerated.

Design/methodology/approach

After obtaining institutional review board approval, adult, English-speaking women with a history of incarceration within the past 10 years were interviewed using a semi-structured interview tool. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Findings

The authors completed 21 full interviews and identified six themes that were both the most significant and most novel: “feeling stigmatized and insignificant,” “care as punishment,” “delay in care,” “exceptions to the rule,” “fragmentation of care” and “obstetric trauma and resilience.”

Originality/value

Women face numerous barriers and hardships when accessing basic and reproductive health-care services while incarcerated. This hardship is particularly challenging for women with substance use disorders. The authors were able to describe for the first time, partially through their own words, novel challenges described by women interacting with incarceration health care. Community providers should understand these barriers and challenges so as to effectively reengage women in care upon release and improve the health-care status of this historically marginalized group.
The bright side of CEO narcissism and its impact on accounting conservatism
Authors: Shen Yun , Mollica Vito , Dalla Costa Aldo Fortunato
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study sheds new light on the personality trait and provides evidence regarding the relation between narcissism and desirable accounting practices, specifically the impact of CEO narcissism on accounting conservatism.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors test the relation between CEO narcissism and accounting conservatism for a sample of 907 US companies and their corresponding CEOs for the period between 2010 and 2018. The authors apply three established models of accounting conservatism and measure executives' narcissism using a non-intrusive approach ubiquitous in the literature.

Findings

The authors find that CEO narcissism is associated with speculative accounting practices in the form of timely recognition of positive news and more prudent financial reporting of anticipated negative news. The authors provide the first empirical evidence that, despite its well-known negative effects on corporate financial reporting, executive narcissism can also produce positive outcomes.

Originality/value

While managerial overconfidence has received much attention, the effects of executives' narcissism are still widely unexplored (Chatterjee and Hambrick, 2007). The authors thus contribute to the literature by investigating the relationship between CEOs' narcissism and accounting conservatism. The authors conjecture CEO narcissism should have a twofold effect on prudent financial reporting. On the one hand, CEOs' narcissism should be associated with low levels of unconditional conservatism due to excessively fast good news recognition. On the other hand, narcissistic executives should be associated with early recognition of negative news and hence with higher levels of conditional conservatism.
Parsing through paradigms: uncertainty and decision-making in human information behavior
Authors: Mestre Juliana
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study demonstrates how individual paradigms implicate the questions asked, methods used and results drawn in association with a common object of study in human information behavior (HIB) research – the relationship between uncertainty and decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

The author uses textual case studies to examine uncertainty and decision-making through the framework of four paradigms used in HIB research: positivism, cognitivism, collectivism and constructionism and suggests deconstructionism as a paradigm which raises new questions around this topic.

Findings

Positivistic approaches to uncertainty are often systems oriented; cognitive approaches are often user-oriented; collectivist approaches are intersubjective; and constructionist approaches blend a subjective and intersubjective research orientation. Deconstructionism raises new questions around ethics and responsibility in relation to decision-making, and the author therefore situates it as a new paradigmatic approach for this topic in HIB research.

Originality/value

Despite the presence of research aimed at recognizing and defining paradigms in HIB research, a comparative micro-examination of how individual paradigms implicate a specific research topic has yet to be conducted. Each paradigm uniquely shapes the ways in which uncertainty and decision-making are characterized, but the four central ones examined here have thus far left out questions of ethics and responsibility as being core elements of decision-making as tied to uncertainty. Therefore, this paper introduces deconstructionism as a paradigm new to HIB uncertainty research, arguing that it provides an important and novel complication of existent research questions and approaches.
Do good and measure well! – Examining the validity of two positive social change measurements in South African social enterprises
Authors: Kruse Philipp , Chipeta Eleanor Meda , Venter Robert
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The creation of positive social change (PSC) is considered the primary success criterion when evaluating social enterprise performance. However, despite a proliferation of PSC-measurements, their empirical validity and applicability in emerging economies remain largely unclear. The quantitative study examines the validity of the PSC-measurement approaches proposed by Bloom and Smith (2010; Bloom and Smith approach [BSA]) and Weaver (2020b; Weaver approach [WA]) in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

Investigating a representative sample of 347 social entrepreneurs from Gauteng and Limpopo provinces, the authors use questionnaire data to explore the factorial, convergent and discriminant validity of both PSC-measurement approaches. Statistically, this is done by applying factorial and correlation analyses.

Findings

The results yield acknowledgeable differences. BSA has a high factorial and convergent validity, while its discriminant validity remains doubtful. For WA, problems concerning factorial validity occur.

Research limitations/implications

Despite limited generalizability, the authors provide a first guideline for scholars regarding the empirical validity of BSA and WA outside the context of developed economies.

Originality/value

The current study sheds light on the validity of two PSC-measurement approaches in an emerging economy context. This way, the authors contribute to the field by addressing the scarcity of empirical research and the restricted scope of developed economies regarding PSC-measurement.
Sizzle without the steak: the emerging strategic implications of receiving a free offering in the digital age
Authors: Desjardins Guillaume , Gould Anthony M. , Park Kathleen
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to fill a gap in the literature. The notion of giveaways/free has not been well addressed in management history literature and arguably is a valuable contribution in that it has a strategic dimension.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is conceptual. It is a structured survey of ideas/opinions about the notion of “free” in commercial endeavor. The survey is organized largely from a historical perspective.

Findings

Several categories of “free” are delineated and placed into a historical and strategic context.

Originality/value

The work has strategic implications and lays out a new research agenda for management historians.
Criteria explaining adoption of revolutionary business techniques
Authors: Brockhoff Klaus
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The paper aims to identify adoption criteria for “revolutionary” business techniques; based on case material, it invites further research.

Design/methodology/approach

Building on the idea of scientific revolution, three cases from sub-disciplines of business administration are chosen to illicit adoption criteria for business techniques.

Findings

The analysis shows that a logical response to a problem, the availability of a controllable procedure, the software and the means to apply the procedure easily, and the hardware, jointly seem to explain the adoption of “revolutionary” business technologies.

Research limitations/implications

In case analysis in general, the results do not lead to induction. More research might identify additional success criteria. Furthermore, it might lead to determining adoption probabilities of techniques.

Practical implications

Managers being introduced to new techniques in business administration might use the criteria outlined here for their evaluation.

Originality/value

The author believes that the paper sheds new light on the development of business technologies and that this light might guide developers of technologies to come up with more potentially successful technologies.
The impact of Covid-19 on consumer behaviour – lessons to be learnt from the Latin America real estate shopping centre sector
Authors: Hollander Suzanne
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The aim of this Real Estate Insight is to comment upon the impact of Covid on the shopping centre sector in the United States of America (USA) and lessons the USA can learn from Latin American shopping centres to survive and thrive.

Design/methodology/approach

This Real Estate Insight will comment upon the real estate shopping centre sector. The nature of the “Insights” briefings mean that this is a personal view of the author based on her visit to over 70 shopping centres in Latin America, specifically Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Paraguay during her 2022 sabbatical.

Findings

This paper looks at shopping centre industry in a transitional post-Covid 19 marketplace and concludes that the shopping centres in Latin American have taken many steps to integrate themselves into the fabric of the community.

Practical implications

The lessons learnt by owners of shopping centres in Latin America may help other investors with their management strategies in other centres globally.

Social implications

Shopping is all about behaviour and social interaction. Vibrant centres encourage the community to use the centre as a focal point.

Originality/value

The value is to suggest strategies to help the shopping centre sector adapt, re-engineer change and thrive through challenging times.
The role of social marketing in promoting quality of life through the lens of sustainable consumption
Authors: Christie Lorna , Venter De Villiers Marike
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper presents a unique conceptual model that promotes behaviour change with the goal of creating a more sustainable conscious society. It aims to provide social marketers with insight on how to influence consumers' buying behaviour, which is often guided by their misperception of what is a good Quality of Life (QoL).

Design/methodology/approach

By means of a comprehensive, analytical review of relevant literature, this paper took a conceptual approach that included the thematic analysis of data sources such as accredited journal articles, books and other credible published materials.

Findings

Against the backdrop of South Africa's socio-economic conditions, this model emphasises the crucial role of individual's social and personal environment in shaping behaviour. The role of social marketers is to capitilise on consumers immediate environment to persuade them to consume more sustainably. It further gives way to the long-term, positive consequences of behaviour change on consumer's Quality of Life. The basic premise underlying the conceptual model is eudaimonia, the long-term subjective well-being of consumers, as a result conscientious consumption practices. The authors integrate Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (1986) and Christie's Nested model of Quality of Life (2018) and presents the Social Cognitive Model of Quality of Life.

Research limitations/implications

Such an integrative conceptual model can be used to justify policy implications, social marketing strategies and behavioural change for the individual consumer to promote their own subjective QoL while addressing and perhaps mediating the broader social and environmental concerns. However, the application of this concept within an emerging economy, remains to be a challenge, as the awareness around sustainable consumption is still in its infant stage.

Originality/value

With the rise of globalisation, consumers in emerging economies aspire to portray wealth through the acquisition of materialistic possessions. This is even though the majority live in poverty and cannot sustain a lifestyle that is driven by conspicuous consumption. As a result, social marketers have a significant responsibility to inRuence consumers buying behaviour towards sustainable consumption. This paper presents a model that guides social marketers on how they can encourage pro-environmental behaviour and create a more sustainably conscious society.
Exploring supply chain finance along different supply chain stages: a case-based research in the agri-food industry
Authors: Medina Elisa , Caniato Federico , Moretto Antonella Maria
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Since 2008’s financial crisis, attention toward supply chain finance (SCF) has increased. However, most research investigates SCF considering single supply chain (SC) stages or buyer–supplier dyads and focuses on a single SCF solution. It is important to see how different solutions are adopted at different SC stages, by actors with different financing needs. This study aims to analyze SCF at different SC stages, to understand why different solutions are implemented at different SC stages and the contingency factors (regulation, SC stage, product category and size) influencing their adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on multiple exploratory case studies in the Italian agri-food industry, considering firms distributed at different SC stages and adopting multiple SCF solutions. The paper exploits a contingent approach (Sousa and Voss, 2008) to analyze how contingent factors influence SCF adoption at different SC stages.

Findings

Findings explain how and why different SC stages (producer, cooperative, processor and retailer) implement different SCF solutions (reverse factoring, dynamic discounting, inventory finance and Minibond), describing contingency variables’ impact on their adoption.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the research is original in its description of SCF at different SC stages, considering different SC actors’ drivers and barriers, and questioning the importance of a coordinated approach in SCF adoption along an entire SC. Moreover, the paper adopts a contingent approach, contributing to SCF research, seldomly based on theoretical lenses.
A path causal model of the effect of TQM practices on teachers' job satisfaction in schools in Qatar
Authors: El-Kassem Rima Charbaji
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between TQM practices and teachers' job satisfaction in Qatar, visualizing this relationship through a path causal model.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey from different schools in Qatar was conducted, using a questionnaire administered to 359 teachers. Factor analysis was used to establish the construct validity of the questionnaire, using two statistical tests: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy, and Bartlett's test of sphericity.

Findings

The TQM practices measured were information, professional development, teachers' involvement in decision-making, teamwork and salary. Regression analyses showed that only four of the five constructs were significant in predicting teachers' job satisfaction. The path causal model's results revealed that each explanatory variable's direct effect was strengthened via the effect of the other independent variables.

Practical implications

Teachers who are highly satisfied with their jobs are willing to give their best. This study proposes a conceptual causal model for TQM adoption in the Qatar educational system. The proposed causal model will help policymakers and decision-makers in Qatari schools to draw strategies based on the antecedents and consequences of teachers' involvement in decision-making.

Originality/value

Empirically, this article has employed the concepts of TQM and job satisfaction to construct a causal model, demonstrating the effect of TQM practices on teachers' job satisfaction in schools in Qatar, thus bridging the gap between the two fields. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, no prior studies have examined this relationship within Qatari schools.
Study on multicomponent Amplitude Versus Offset forward modelling of thin layer gas hydrate using the Brekhovskikh equation
Authors: Zhang Jin , Gao Junjie , Wang Linfei , Dong Boyi , Cai Zhengkun , Cheng Ruodan
Published: May 2023

Amplitude Versus Offset forward modelling plays a crucial role in identifying gas hydrate reservoirs. However, since gas hydrates commonly exist in thin intermediate seafloor layers, traditional Amplitude Versus Offset techniques based on the Zoeppritz equation with the semi‐infinite medium assumption may not accurately depict the reflection amplitude of hydrates. In this paper, multi‐component Amplitude Versus Offset forward modelling using the Brekhovskikh equation was performed to simulate the Amplitude Versus Offset response of thin‐layered gas hydrate reservoirs more accurately. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the overall trends of the P‐wave and S‐wave Amplitude Versus Offset curves calculated by the Brekhovskikh equation and the Zoeppritz equation are consistent under various reservoir thicknesses, porosities and hydrate saturations, but the Amplitude Versus Offset curves calculated by the Brekhovskikh equation reveal more details. When the angle is greater than 30°, the gradient of the P‐wave Amplitude Versus Offset curve calculated from the Brekhovskikh equation as a function of hydrate saturation and porosity is greater than that calculated by the Zoeppritz equation, whereas the S‐wave Amplitude Versus Offset is not sensitive to changes in hydrate reservoir parameters. To further validate the Brekhovskikh equation in practical Amplitude Versus Offset analysis of gas hydrates, a geological model of gas hydrates is established based on logging data in the South China Sea. Subsequently, the bottom simulation reflection Amplitude Versus Offset of the P‐wave was computed using the Brekhovskikh equation and the Zoeppritz equation. Comparison with the actual vertical cable seismic data indicates that the Amplitude Versus Offset curve using Brekhovskikh equation is more consistent with the amplitude trend than the Zoeppritz equation. This finding suggests that the Brekhovskikh equation holds great potential for establishing an Amplitude Versus Offset identification marker for gas hydrates and improving seismic data interpretation in gas hydrate exploration.
Protective effect of melatonin and ascorbic acid combination on sepsis‐induced lung injury: An Experimental study
Authors: Üstündağ Hilal , Demir Özlem , Çiçek Betül , Huyut Mehmet Tahir , Yüce Neslihan , Tavacı Taha
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the synergistic protective effects of melatonin (MEL) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C, ASA) in treating sepsis‐induced lung injury in rats. Rats were divided into five groups: control, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP + MEL, CLP + ASA and CLP + MEL + ASA. The effects of MEL (10 mg/kg), ASA (100 mg/kg) and their combination on oxidative stress, inflammation and histopathology were evaluated in septic rats’ lung tissues. Sepsis‐induced oxidative stress and inflammation were evident through increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI); decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); and elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1β) in the lung tissue. Treatment with MEL, ASA and their combination significantly improved antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress, with the combination treatment being more effective. The combination treatment also significantly reduced TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels and improved peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR), arylesterase (ARE) and paraoxonase (PON) levels in the lung tissue. Histopathological examination showed reduced oedema and lymphocyte infiltration with a lung tissue appearance similar to the control group. Immunohistochemical staining for caspase 3 demonstrated reduced immune positivity in the treatment groups. In conclusion, this study supports the potential synergistic protective effects of MEL and ASA in treating sepsis‐induced lung injury. The combination therapy could effectively reduce oxidative stress, inflammation and improve antioxidant capacity in septic rats, suggesting a promising strategy for treating sepsis‐induced lung injury.
The Politics of Unpolitics
Authors: Robinson Emily
Published: May 2023

Scholars of populism have suggested that it might best be described as ‘unpolitical’, rather than apolitical or anti‐political. This term captures the populist claim to stand morally above the sphere of politics (which it deems inherently corrupting), while being simultaneously drawn to engage in it. But such ambivalence towards politics is not limited to populist actors; indeed, ‘unpolitics’ might be considered intrinsic to British political culture. Most obviously, Conservatives historically portrayed themselves as unsullied by ideology, above party competition, and deriving their values from embodied experience rather than political reasoning. But, while traditional Conservative unpolitics emphasised hierarchy, new anti‐deferential forms of unpolitics emerged in the postwar period. These were based on claims to be ‘ordinary’, which was defined in opposition to the ‘political’ in ways that made the latter seem necessarily illegitimate. Focussing on unpolitics shows that populism grew out of mainstream British political culture, as well as in opposition to it.
Countering Terrorism in the Family Courts: A Dangerous Development
Authors: Ahdash Fatima
Published: May 2023

This article critically appraises the implications of the recent emergence of radicalisation cases in the family courts of England and Wales and the involvement of the family justice system in preventing and countering terrorism. It identifies, and takes issue with, a dominant narrative found in case‐law, practitioner commentaries, think‐tank reports and academic and government literature, which regards the radicalisation cases as a positive legal development. Challenging its characterisation of this line of cases as ordinary family law cases, the article uncovers the significant influence of the logic, priorities and goals of counter‐terrorism policy and practice on the family courts. After demonstrating that the radicalisation cases have facilitated the extensive, if surreptitious, involvement of the family courts in the counter‐terrorist endeavour, the article claims that the expansion of counter‐terrorism into the family justice system is an unnecessary and dangerous legal development with worrying implications for human rights, equality and open justice.
Antecedents and outcomes of supply chain resilience: Integrating dynamic capabilities and relational perspective
Authors: Pu Guoli , Qiao Weiting , Feng Zhongqun
Published: May 2023

This paper integrates a theoretical framework based on dynamic capabilities and relational perspective to provide a comprehensive understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of supply chain resilience. First, it discusses the antecedents of supply chain resilience and the internal relationships among antecedents combining dynamic capabilities and relational perspective. Second, it discusses the mechanism of supply chain resilience on sustainable operational performance (sustainable market performance and sustainable quality performance). Finally, based on organizational information processing theory, it proposes and explores the moderating effects of supply side disruption, facility disruption and catastrophic disruption on the relationship between supply chain resilience and sustainable operational performance. The conclusions enrich and develop the antecedents and outcomes of supply chain resilience, reveal the influencing factors of supply chain resilience from dynamic capabilities and relational perspective, and reveal the value of supply chain resilience to operational performance from the perspective of sustainability, providing a breakthrough for disruption mitigation strategies and enhance the confidence of managers in designing supply chain resilience; supply chain disruption types are included in the outcomes framework of supply chain resilience, which further provides theoretical guidance for enterprises to quickly recover normal operation from supply chain disruption shocks.
Generation, mechanisms, kinetics, and effects of gaseous chlorine dioxide in food preservation
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Qiu Jiafan , Yang Kewen , Lu Yuting , Xu Zixian , Yang Huanqi , Xu Yuqing , Wang Letao , Lin Yu , Tong Xinyang , He Junge , Xiao Ying , Sun Xiuxiu , Huang Ran , Yu Xi , Zhong Tian
Published: May 2023

Food preservation is a critical issue in ensuring food safety and quality. Growing concern around industrial pollution of food and demand for environmentally sustainable food has led to increased interest in developing effective and eco‐friendly preservation techniques. Gaseous ClO2 has gained attention for its strong oxidizing properties, high efficacy in microorganism inactivation, and potential for preserving the attributes and nutritional quality of fresh food while avoiding the formation of toxic byproducts or unacceptable levels of residues. However, the widespread use of gaseous ClO2 in the food industry is limited by several challenges. These include large‐scale generation, high cost and environmental considerations, a lack of understanding of its mechanism of action, and the need for mathematical models to predict inactivation kinetics. This review aims to provide an overview of the up‐to‐date research and application of gaseous ClO2. It covers preparation methods, preservation mechanisms, and kinetic models that predict the sterilizing efficacy of gaseous ClO2 under different conditions. The impacts of gaseous ClO2 on the quality attributes of fresh produce and low‐moisture foods, such as seeds, sprouts, and spices, are also summarized. Overall, gaseous ClO2 is a promising preservation approach, and future studies are needed to address the challenges in large‐scale generation and environmental considerations and to develop standardized protocols and databases for safe and effective use in the food industry.
A case of eosinophilic bronchiolitis after the initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor
Authors: Tamura Akiko , Hashimoto Masao , Hosoi Atsuko , Hojo Masayuki
Published: May 2023

A 50‐year‐old Japanese woman with advanced breast cancer presented with productive cough and dyspnea while she was receiving a sixth cycle of chemotherapy including atezolizumab. Chest computed tomography revealed bronchiolitis and transbronchial lung cryobiopsy revealed eosinophilic bronchiolitis. Corticosteroid therapy successfully resolved her symptoms. Eosinophilic bronchiolitis is a rare but important immune‐related adverse event; herein, we discuss its diagnosis and possible pathophysiology.
Predictive scoring of high‐grade histology among early‐stage lung cancer patients: The MOSS score
Authors: Woo Wongi , Cha Yoon Jin , Park Chul Hwan , Moon Duk Hwan , Lee Sungsoo
Published: May 2023

Background

Poor prognosis associated with adenocarcinoma of International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) grade 3 has been recognized. In this study we aimed to develop a scoring system for predicting IASLC grade 3 based before surgery.

Methods

Two retrospective datasets with significant heterogeneity were used to develop and evaluate a scoring system. The development set was comprised of patients with pathological stage I nonmucinous adenocarcinoma and they were randomly divided into training (n = 375) and validation (n = 125) datasets. Using multivariate logistic regression, a scoring system was developed and internally validated. Later, this new score was further tested in the testing set which was comprised of patients with clinical stage 0–I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (n = 281).

Results

Four factors that were related to IASLC grade 3 were used to develop the new scoring system the MOSS score; male (M, point 1), overweight (O, point 1), size>10 mm (S, point 1), and solid lesions (S, point 3). Predictability of IASLC grade 3 increased from 0.4% to 75.2% with scores from 0 to 6. The area under the curve (AUC) of the MOSS was 0.889 and 0.765 for the training and validation datasets, respectively. The MOSS score exhibited similar predictability in the testing set (AUC: 0.820).

Conclusion

The MOSS score, which combines preoperative variables, can be used to identify high‐risk early‐stage NSCLC patients with aggressive histological features. It can support clinicians in determining a treatment plan and surgical extent. Further refinement of this scoring system with prospective validation is needed.
Australia and Japan's Return to International Society: Negotiating Allies and the Afro‐Asian Bloc, 1952–56
Authors: Matsui Hirokazu
Published: May 2023

In December 1956, Japan gained membership of the United Nations, marking a significant milestone in Japan's return to international society. In approximately five years since the San Francisco Peace Treaty took effect in April 1952, this had been a difficult diplomatic issue for the Australian government. This article examines how the Australian government dealt with this issue by focusing upon the intersection of Australia's policy towards Japan and Japan's status as a member of the emergent Afro‐Asian bloc. This article argues that Japan's engagement with the rest of the bloc was a rising factor in Canberra's consideration of Japan's place in the world, thereby helping revisit the orthodox historiography of Australia–Japan relations during the early Cold War era which often overemphasises rapid growth of bilateral trade.
Revaluing work after COVID‐19
Authors: Collins Jane
Published: May 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic and its aftermath instigated a series of debates about economic value. From early discussions about “who counts as an essential worker” to post‐pandemic arguments about what constitutes the “infrastructure” needed to rebuild the economy, the pandemic led to reexaminations of the kinds of investments and activities necessary for the continuity of our social system. This article examines these debates through the lens of the labor theory of value as expanded by feminists and ecologists. Drawing on my 2017 book, The Politics of Value, I discuss how the political‐economic upheaval that the pandemic unleashed laid bare the essential nature of care and social reproductive work, low‐wage labor, public sector provisioning, and ecosystem services. The stark dilemmas of holding body and soul together during the crisis created an opportunity to rethink the artificial lines between the market and the rest of life, highlighting the essential nature of activities formerly unrecognized or considered nonproductive. The article discusses how we might take advantage of this opening to create new vocabularies and measurement practices that take into “account” and fairly reward formerly invisible and unvalued forms of labor.
Invisible experts: The curious case of the book knower in Iran
Authors: Sheikholeslami Hosna
Published: May 2023

This article explores the curious case of theketab shenass(book knower), a figure unique to the Iranian publishing industry.Ketab shenassplay a crucial role in the production of translated books, yet their labor is invisible and uncompensated. A comparison of their expertise to that of their closest counterparts reveals that anxieties surrounding the politics of mediation undergird the invisibility of the labor of theketab shenass.
An Accelerated Failure Time Regression Model for Illness–Death Data: A Frailty Approach
Authors: Kats Lea , Gorfine Malka
Published: May 2023

This work presents a new model and estimation procedure for the illness–death survival data where the hazard functions follow accelerated failure time (AFT) models. A shared frailty variate induces positive dependence among failure times of a subject for handling the unobserved dependency between the nonterminal and the terminal failure times given the observed covariates. The motivation behind the proposed modeling approach is to leverage the well-known interpretability advantage of AFT models with respect to the observed covariates, while also benefiting from the simple and intuitive interpretation of the hazard functions. A semiparametric maximum likelihood estimation procedure is developed via a kernel smoothed-aided expectation-maximization algorithm, and variances are estimated by weighted bootstrap. We consider existing frailty-based illness–death models and place particular emphasis on highlighting the contribution of our current research. The breast cancer data of the Rotterdam tumor bank are analyzed using the proposed as well as existing illness–death models. The results are contrasted and evaluated based on a new graphical goodness-of-fit procedure. Simulation results and data analysis nicely demonstrate the practical utility of the shared frailty variate with the AFT regression model under the illness–death framework.
Accuracy of implant site preparation in robotic navigated dental implant surgery
Authors: Linn Thu Ya , Salamanca Eisner , Aung Lwin Moe , Huang Ta‐Ko , Wu Yi‐Fan , Chang Wei‐Jen
Published: May 2023

Background

Modern technological advancements have led to increase in the development of surgical robots in dentistry, resulting in excellent clinical treatment outcomes.

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the accuracy of automatic robotic implant site preparation for different implant sizes by correlating planned and posttreatment positions, and to compare the performance of robotic and human freehand drilling.

Method

Seventy‐six drilling sites on partially edentulous models were used, with three different implant sizes (Ø = 3.5 × 10 mm, 4.0 × 10 mm, 5.0 × 10 mm). The robotic procedure was performed using software for calibration and step‐by‐step drilling processes. After robotic drilling, deviations in the implant position from the planned position were determined. The angulation, depth, and coronal and apical diameters on the sagittal plane of sockets created by human and robotic drilling were measured.

Results

The deviation of the robotic system was 3.78° ± 1.97° (angulation), 0.58 ± 0.36 mm (entry point), and 0.99 ± 0.56 mm (apical point). Comparison of implant groups showed the largest deviation from the planned position for 5 mm implants. On the sagittal plane, there were no significant differences between robotic and human surgery except for the 5‐mm implant angulation, indicating similar quality between human and robotic drilling. Based on standard implant measurements, robotic drilling exhibited comparable performance to freehand human drilling.

Conclusions

A robotic surgical system can provide the greatest accuracy and reliability regarding the preoperative plan for small implant diameters. In addition, the accuracy of robotic drilling for anterior implant surgery can also be comparable to that of human drilling.
Should we feed wildlife? A call for further research into this recreational activity
Authors: Griffin Laura L. , Ciuti Simone
Published: May 2023

Independent human–wildlife feeding interactions (i.e., the feeding of wildlife by the public outside of organized ecotourism activities) represent an increasingly common way in which humans and wildlife are engaging with one another. It is important to determine what effects these interactions are having on the wildlife involved in order to ensure that optimum coexistence scenarios are being achieved, however the nature of these interactions makes them notoriously difficult to study. Extrapolation from ecotourism activities has suggested detrimental impacts on the health and fecundity of the populations involved. Moreover, recent findings indicate that bold individuals may actually gain reproductive advantages from this excess food supply, driving artificial selection of risk‐taking behaviors within human‐dominated landscapes. Humans may, therefore, be unknowingly manipulating wildlife populations, forcing them into unnatural states, and potentially decreasing future viability. Here, we outline key literature pertaining to the potential impacts of these self‐led interactions on wildlife and address the need for further research into the associated effects. Due to the associated safety risks to the humans involved in these interactions, and by applying the precautionary principle until further research can be performed, we recommend that management actions be employed to actively reduce their occurrence. We address current management practices in use and make recommendations for further research to adapt and improve them. Ultimately, we make a call for further research addressing two fundamental key areas: (i) to explore the effects of these interactions on the wildlife involved, across different species and habitats experiencing this phenomenon, with emphasis on the potential role of artificial selection, and (ii) to work to improve the management practices currently employed to reduce the occurrence of these interactions, at least until such time as the effects of these interactions on both humans and wildlife have been thoroughly disentangled, with the overall goal of improving coexistence.
Should VV ECMO be considered as treatment option in COVID‐19 infection after kidney transplant? A word of caution
Authors: Breda Joao Roberto , Parker Brandon Masi , Guerra Giselle , Dawson Akia , Loebe Matthias
Published: May 2023

Several reports have shown that hospitalized kidney transplant recipients (KTR) had high mortality rates when infected with COVID‐19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) has been shown to be an option for refractory respiratory failure in COVID‐19 patients with variable rates of recovery. The outcome of ECMO in respiratory failure is highly related to cohort investigated and patient selection. Over a 10‐month period in the height of COVID‐19 pandemic 5 KTR patients were placed on ECMO with none of the patients surviving to discharge. All patients experienced multisystem organ failure (MSOF) and hematologic pathology while on ECMO. We concluded that COVID‐19 in KTR patients presents with a refractory MSOF that is not well supported with ECMO in a traditional approach. Future work is needed to determine how to best support refractory respiratory failure in KTR patients with COVID‐19.
Endoscopic tissue shielding with polyglycolic acid sheets, self‐assembling peptide, and endoclips for preventing delayed adverse events after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Kasuga Kengo , Tanaka Hirohito , Uraoka Toshio
Published: May 2023

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Level, types and determinants of physical activity in children with type 1 diabetes and their parents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Anneli Heikkilä Eeva , Pokka Tytti M.‐L. , Korpelainen Raija , Tossavainen Päivi H.
Published: May 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to describe the level, types and determinants of leisure time PA and exercise among children with type 1 diabetes and their parents.

Methods

One hundred twenty children aged 6–18 years with type 1 diabetes and 113 parents (n = 113) participated to this questionnaire‐based study at Northern Ostrobothnia District Hospital in Oulu, western Finland. All participants gave informed consent before entering this study.

Results

Twenty‐three per cent of the children exercised briskly for at least 7 h a week which corresponds to 60 min per day. The total PA occasions children had with a parent accounted for the children's total number of PA occasions in a week (β = 0.83, 95% CI 0.20–1.47) and total weekly hours of PA (β = 0.90, 95% CI 0.07–1.73). There was a positive association between total weekly hours of brisk PA and HbA1c (β = 0.65, 95% CI 0.02–0.13), while there was no such association with light PA (β = 0.42, 95% CI −0.04–0.87). Laziness, fear of unexpected glycaemic variability and tiredness were the most frequent barriers to PA in children.

Conclusion

Most of the children with type 1 diabetes did not reach generally recommended 60 min of brisk PA a day. Exercising with a parent was positively associated with children's weekly frequency and total hours of PA.
Integrating sensory ecology and predator‐prey theory to understand animal responses to fire
Authors: Michel Alice , Johnson Jacob R. , Szeligowski Richard , Ritchie Euan G. , Sih Andrew
Published: May 2023

Fire regimes are changing dramatically worldwide due to climate change, habitat conversion, and the suppression of Indigenous landscape management. Although there has been extensive work on plant responses to fire, including their adaptations to withstand fire and long‐term effects of fire on plant communities, less is known about animal responses to fire. Ecologists lack a conceptual framework for understanding behavioural responses to fire, which can hinder wildlife conservation and management. Here, we integrate cue‐response sensory ecology and predator‐prey theory to predict and explain variation in if, when and how animals react to approaching fire. Inspired by the literature on prey responses to predation risk, this framework considers both fire‐naïve and fire‐adapted animals and follows three key steps: vigilance, cue detection and response. We draw from theory on vigilance tradeoffs, signal detection, speed‐accuracy tradeoffs, fear generalization, neophobia and adaptive dispersal. We discuss how evolutionary history with fire, but also other selective pressures, such as predation risk, should influence animal behavioural responses to fire. We conclude by providing guidance for empiricists and outlining potential conservation applications.
Spring phenology rather than climate dominates the trends in peak of growing season in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Huang Zhi , Zhou Lei , Chi Yonggang
Published: May 2023

Shifts in plant phenology regulate ecosystem structure and function, which feeds back to the climate system. However, drivers for the peak of growing season (POS) in seasonal dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems remain unclear. Here, spatial–temporal patterns of POS dynamics were analyzed by solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and vegetation index in the Northern Hemisphere over the past two decades from 2001 to 2020. Overall, a slow advanced POS was observed in the Northern Hemisphere, while a delayed POS distributed mainly in northeastern North America. Trends of POS were driven by the start of growing season (SOS) rather than pre‐POS climate both at hemisphere and biome scale. The effect of SOS on the trends in POS was the strongest in shrublands while the weakest in evergreen broad‐leaved forest. These findings highlight the crucial role of biological rhythms rather than climatic factors in exploring seasonal carbon dynamics and global carbon balance.