bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coseismic Slip Vectors of 24 August and 30 October 2016 Earthquakes in Central Italy: Oblique Slip and Regional Kinematic Implications
Authors: Perouse Eugénie , Benedetti Lucilla , Fleury Jules , Rizza Magali , Puliti Irene , Billant Jeremy , Van der Woerd Jerome , Feuillet Nathalie , Jacques Eric , Pace Bruno
Published: September 2018

After 24 August and 30 October 2016 central Italy earthquakes (Mw 6.0 and 6.5, respectively), photogrammetry and geodetic survey were performed at various sites along a 6‐km‐long portion of the rupturing Monte Vettore fault system, providing very high‐resolution georeferenced 3‐D point clouds and imagery of the 24 August rupture and a data set of bedrock fault scarp before/after the 30 October earthquake. The maximum coseismic displacement for both events occurs near Scoglio dell' Aquila with an average normal dip slip of 22 ± 4 and 184 ± 6 cm, respectively. Coseismic slip vectors and meter‐scale corrugation axis are oriented N280 ± 10° on the ~N140° striking main Vettore fault involving oblique normal slip with a right‐lateral component and N205 ± 10° on ~N170° fault strands implying oblique normal slip with a left‐lateral component. We quantify the near‐field coseismic displacements of the Monte Vettore fault for the 30 October event: the footwall has been translated horizontally by 42 ± 2 cm toward the ENE and uplifted by 11 ± 2 cm. The hangingwall has moved horizontally by 26 ± 2 cm, toward the NW, in a direction parallel to the fault plane and subsided by 116 ± 2 cm. The fault geometry and our determined surface coseismic slip vectors are mechanically compatible with a σ3 = N65 ± 15°. This stress regime is consistent with the 30 October 2016 focal mechanism and the relative motion between the Adriatic microplate and the Tyrrhenian coastal region. The 30 October surface rupture results from seismic slip at depth and thus has a tectonic origin.
The Late Eocene‐Early Miocene Unconformities of the NW Indian Intraplate Basins and Himalayan Foreland: A Record of Tectonics or Mantle Dynamics?
Authors: Najman Yani , Burley Stuart D. , Copley Alex , Kelly Michael J. , Pander Kaushal , Mishra Premanand
Published: September 2018

A well‐developed late Eocene to Miocene unconformity, termed the base Miocene unconformity (BMU), is found throughout the intraplate basins of northwestern India and has previously been ascribed to Himalayan tectonics. This hypothesis is investigated by first describing the nature and age of the BMU in the northwest (NW) Indian intraplate basins and then reconstructing the location of the BMU relative to the Himalayan deformation front at the time it formed. We suggest that formation of the BMU in western India cannot be related to Himalayan tectonic processes associated with plate loading and flexure unless the Indian plate had an elastic thickness of >125 km, which is highly unlikely. Furthermore, the resumption of deposition post unconformity rules out inversion due to compression associated with India‐Asia convergence as a cause, as these compressive forces are still present. We note the coeval nature of the unconformity in the NW Indian plate intraplate basins and the Himalayan peripheral foreland basin. If the unconformities of the Himalayan peripheral foreland basin and the NW Indian intraplate basins were formed by a common process, uplift due to circulation in the mantle is the only possible regional‐scale mechanism. Such circulation could be the result of the intrinsically time‐dependent high‐Rayleigh number convection in the mantle, which has resulted in well‐documented unconformities elsewhere, or be the result of subducting slab break‐off beneath the Himalaya.
Clock transition by continuous dynamical decoupling of a three-level system
Authors: Stark Alexander , Aharon Nati , Huck Alexander , El-Ella Haitham A. R. , Retzker Alex , Jelezko Fedor , Andersen Ulrik L.
Published: September 2018

We present a novel continuous dynamical decoupling scheme for the construction of a robust qubit in a three-level system. By means of a clock transition adjustment, we first show how robustness to environmental noise is achieved, while eliminating drive-noise, to first-order. We demonstrate this scheme with the spin sub-levels of the NV-centre’s electronic ground state. By applying drive fields with moderate Rabi frequencies, the drive noise is eliminated and an improvement of 2 orders of magnitude in the coherence time is obtained compared to the pure dephasing time. We then show how the clock transition adjustment can be tuned to eliminate also the second-order effect of the environmental noise with moderate drive fields. A further detailed theoretical investigation suggests an additional improvement of more than 1 order of magnitude in the coherence time which is supported by simulations. Hence, our scheme predicts that the coherence time may be prolonged towards the lifetime-limit using a relatively simple experimental setup.
Humanization of Antibodies using a Statistical Inference Approach
Authors: Clavero-Álvarez Alejandro , Di Mambro Tomas , Perez-Gaviro Sergio , Magnani Mauro , Bruscolini Pierpaolo
Published: September 2018

Antibody humanization is a key step in the preclinical phase of the development of therapeutic antibodies, originally developed and tested in non-human models (most typically, in mouse). The standard technique of Complementarity-Determining Regions (CDR) grafting into human Framework Regions of germline sequences has some important drawbacks, in that the resulting sequences often need further back-mutations to ensure functionality and/or stability. Here we propose a new method to characterize the statistical distribution of the sequences of the variable regions of human antibodies, that takes into account phenotypical correlations between pairs of residues, both within and between chains. We define a “humanness score” of a sequence, comparing its performance in distinguishing human from murine sequences, with that of some alternative scores in the literature. We also compare the score with the experimental immunogenicity of clinically used antibodies. Finally, we use the humanness score as an optimization function and perform a search in the sequence space, starting from different murine sequences and keeping the CDR regions unchanged. Our results show that our humanness score outperforms other methods in sequence classification, and the optimization protocol is able to generate humanized sequences that are recognized as human by standard homology modelling tools.
Fast robust dose calculation on GPU for high-precision 1H, 4He, 12C and 16O ion therapy: the FRoG platform
Authors: Mein Stewart , Choi Kyungdon , Kopp Benedikt , Tessonnier Thomas , Bauer Julia , Ferrari Alfredo , Haberer Thomas , Debus Jürgen , Abdollahi Amir , Mairani Andrea
Published: September 2018

Radiotherapy with protons and heavier ions landmarks a novel era in the field of high-precision cancer therapy. To identify patients most benefiting from this technologically demanding therapy, fast assessment of comparative treatment plans utilizing different ion species is urgently needed. Moreover, to overcome uncertainties of actual in-vivo physical dose distribution and biological effects elicited by different radiation qualities, development of a reliable high-throughput algorithm is required. To this end, we engineered a unique graphics processing unit (GPU) based software architecture allowing rapid and robust dose calculation. FRoG, Fast Recalculation on GPU, currently operates with four particle beams available at Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy center, i.e., raster-scanning proton (1H), helium (4He), carbon (12C) and oxygen ions (16O). FRoG enables comparative analysis of different models for estimation of physical and biological effective dose in 3D within minutes and in excellent agreement with the gold standard Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. This is a crucial step towards development of next-generation patient specific radiotherapy.
Activation of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus drives cardiac sympathetic nerve activation following myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Roy Ranjan K. , Augustine Rachael A. , Brown Colin H. , Schwenke Daryl O.
Published: September 2018

Myocardial infarction (MI) initiates an increase in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) that facilitates potentially fatal arrhythmias. The mechanism(s) underpinning sympathetic activation remain unclear. Some neuronal populations within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) have been implicated in SNA. This study elucidated the role of the PVN in triggering cardiac SNA following MI (left anterior descending coronary artery ligation). By means of c-Fos, oxytocin, and vasopressin immunohistochemistry accompanied by retrograde tracing we showed that MI activates parvocellular oxytocin neurons projecting to the rostral ventral lateral medulla. Central inhibition of oxytocin receptors using atosiban (4.5 µg in 5 µl, i.c.v.), or retosiban (3 mg/kg, i.v.), prevented the MI-induced increase in SNA and reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and mortality. In conclusion, pre-autonomic oxytocin neurons can drive the increase in cardiac SNA following MI and peripheral administration of an oxytocin receptor blocker could be a plausible therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes for MI patients.
Studies on HPHT synthesis and N defects of N-rich B-doped diamonds
Authors: Miao Xinyuan , Chen Liangchao , Ma Hongan , Fang Chao , Guo Longsuo , Fang Shuai , Wang Yao , Jia Xiaopeng
Published: September 2018

In this paper, high-quality N-rich single crystal diamonds with different boron additive contents were synthesized in NiMnCo alloy with high Ni content by the temperature gradient growth method under HPHT (high pressure and high temperature) conditions.
Charge compensations of Eu2+ and Oi2− co-exist in Eu3+:CaMoO4 single-crystal fibers grown by the micro-pulling-down method
Authors: Shu Jun , Jia Zhitai , Damiano Eugenio , Wang Haoyuan , Yin Yanru , Lin Na , Zhao Xian , Xu Xinguang , Tonelli Mauro , Tao Xutang
Published: September 2018

Eu3+-Doped CaMoO4 single-crystal fibers with concentrations from 0.01 to 1 at% have been grown by the micro-pulling-down method in an air atmosphere.
Dynamic behaviour in nonporous hybrid metal–organic materials via mechanochemical and gas–solid reactions
Authors: Guo Fang , Wang Hao-Cheng , Famulari Antonino , Lu Hai-Dong , Martí-Rujas Javier
Published: September 2018

Nonporous hybrid metal organic materials have been studied in the solid-state by mechanochemical reactions, chemisorption and release of HCl by heating. The dynamic behavior of the hybrid materials allows the breaking and formation of chemical bonds.
Detecting weak signals from interfaces by high accuracy phase-resolved SFG spectroscopy
Authors: Thämer Martin , Campen R. Kramer , Wolf Martin
Published: September 2018

Phase-resolved, collinear, time domain SFG spectrometer for the detection of weak vibrational signals from interfaces.
Studying NAD(P)H cofactor-binding to alcohol dehydrogenases through global analysis of circular dichroism spectra
Authors: Marolt Marija , Lüdeke Steffen
Published: September 2018

NAD(P)H-titration circular dichroism spectra of alcohol dehydrogenases tell us how strong and in what conformation the cofactor binds to the enzyme.
Magnetic studies of layer-by-layer assembled polyvinyl alcohol/iron oxide nanofilms
Authors: Mosiniewicz-Szablewska Ewa , Clavijo Antonia R. , Castilho Ana P. O. R. , Paterno Leonardo G. , Pereira-da-Silva Marcelo A. , Więckowski Jarosław , Soler Maria A. G. , Morais Paulo C.
Published: September 2018

The importance of the substrate surface effects on the magnetic behavior of layer-by-layer assembled polyvinyl alcohol/iron oxide nanofilms is evidenced.
The reaction of alkyl hydropersulfides (RSSH, R = CH3 and tBu) with H2S in the gas phase and in aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Linxing , Zhang Xinhao , Wu Yun-Dong , Xie Yaoming , Fukuto Jon M. , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: September 2018

The theoretical study of small molecule RSSH reveals that a protein environment surrounding the protein-SSH species will likely dictate the reaction pathway.
Cobalt complexes with hemilabileo-iminobenzoquinonate ligands: a novel example of redox-induced electron transfer
Authors: Piskunov Alexandr V. , Pashanova Kira I. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Smolyaninov Ivan V. , Starikov Andrey G. , Fukin Georgy K.
Published: September 2018

A cobalt compound bearing hemilabileo-iminoquinonate ligands demonstrated redox-induced electron transfer.
π-Extended hexadeca-substituted cobalt phthalocyanine as an active layer for organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Nar Ilgın , Atsay Armağan , Pekbelgin Karaoğlu Hande , Altındal Ahmet , Hamuryudan Esin
Published: September 2018

The structural modification of the phthalocyanine skeleton with a hexadeca substitution pattern is a promising approach for the fabrication of active layers for OFETs.
Aliovalent Fe(iii)-doped NiO microspheres for enhanced butanol gas sensing properties
Authors: Shang Wenan , Wang Dongting , Zhang Bingxue , Jiang Chunjie , Qu Fengdong , Yang Minghui
Published: September 2018

Fe-Doped NiO multi-shelled microspheres have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal reaction.
Non-innocent PNN ligand is important for CO oxidation by N2O catalyzed by a (PNN)Ru–H pincer complex: insights from DFT calculations
Authors: Xie Hujun , Zhang Yutong , Xiang Chuyue , Li Yang , Fan Ting , Lei Qunfang , Fang Wenjun
Published: September 2018

It was found that the catalytic cycle for CO oxidation by N2O proceeds in three stages: N2O activation to form a (PNN)Ru–OH intermediate, CO insertion into the Ru–OH bond to form a (PNN)Ru–COOH intermediate and CO2 release from (PNN)Ru–COOH.
Ru(ii)-Peptide bioconjugates with the cppH linker (cppH = 2-(2′-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid): synthesis, structural characterization, and different stereochemical features between organic and aqueous solvents
Authors: Battistin Federica , Siegmund Daniel , Balducci Gabriele , Alessio Enzo , Metzler-Nolte Nils
Published: September 2018

Three new Ru(ii)-peptide bioconjugates were prepared in pure form and fully characterized. Unlike in DMSO-d6, stable stereoisomers were found by NMR studies in D2O.
Factors affecting microbial and physico-chemical pollutants in stormwater in a typical Chinese urban catchment
Authors: Hou Xiaoshu , Chen Lei , Wei Guoyuan , Gong Yongwei , Shen Zhenyao
Published: September 2018

The discharge characteristics of faecal coliform are very different from those of physico-chemical pollutants. The antecedent dry period factors count a great deal for faecal coliform contamination in urban stormwater.
Discrimination of nasopharyngeal carcinoma serum using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with an extreme learning machine and random forest method
Authors: Chu Yanwu , Chen Tong , Chen Feng , Tang Yun , Tang Shisong , Jin Honglin , Guo Lianbo , Lu Yong feng , Zeng Xiaoyan
Published: September 2018

Plasma emission of biochemical elements in a serum sample.
Biomolecular recognition on nanowire surfaces modified by the self-assembled monolayer
Authors: Shimada Taisuke , Yasui Takao , Yokoyama Asami , Goda Tatsuro , Hara Mitsuo , Yanagida Takeshi , Kaji Noritada , Kanai Masaki , Nagashima Kazuki , Miyahara Yuji , Kawai Tomoji , Baba Yoshinobu
Published: September 2018

Biomolecular recognition can be attained by using the self-assembled monolayer modification for capture of a target analyte on the nanowire surfaces instead of primary antibodies.
Coordination-driven self-assembly of chiral palladium(ii)-based supramolecular triangle structures
Authors: Gimeno Nicolas , Bijani Christian , Gouygou Maryse , Volkman Jérôme
Published: September 2018

Chiral structures of palladium(ii)-based triangular supramolecular complexes, with achiral corners and edges, have been characterized in solution.
Hierarchical nanostructured MnCo2O4–NiCo2O4 composites as innovative electrodes for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Lee Han-Min , V. V. Muralee Gopi Chandu , Rana Prem Jyoti Singh , Vinodh Rajangam , Kim Sanghyun , Padma R. , Kim Hee-Je
Published: September 2018

Hierarchical MnCo2O4–NiCo2O4 nanostructures deliver a higher electrochemical performance than MnCo2O4 and NiCo2O4 electrodes.
Formal reductive addition of acetonitrile to aldehydes and ketones
Authors: Muratov Karim , Kuchuk Ekaterina , Vellalath Sreekumar , Afanasyev Oleg I. , Moskovets Alexei P. , Denisov Gleb , Chusov Denis
Published: September 2018

Aldehydes and ketones can be converted to nitriles with two extra carbons in one step with TON up to 5600.
Transition-metal-free access to 2-aminopyridine derivatives from 2-fluoropyridine and acetamidine hydrochloride
Authors: Li Yibiao , Huang Shuo , Liao Chunshu , Shao Yan , Chen Lu
Published: September 2018

Under catalyst-free conditions, an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-aminopyridine derivatives through the nucleophilic substitution and hydrolysis of 2-fluoropyridine and acetamidine hydrochloride has been developed.
Gold nanoparticle layer: a versatile nanostructured platform for biomedical applications
Authors: Wu Jingxian , Qu Yangcui , Yu Qian , Chen Hong
Published: September 2018

Recent developments on fabrication methods and biomedical and biotechnology applications of gold nanoparticle layers (GNPLs) are reviewed.
ReductiveN-alkylation of primary and secondary amines using carboxylic acids and borazane under mild conditions
Authors: Wei Yahui , Xuan Qingqing , Zhou Yao , Song Qiuling
Published: September 2018

An expedient strategy of reductiveN-alkylation of amines with readily available carboxylic acids as alkylating reagents has been developed.
Hydrogen production from formic acid decomposition in the liquid phase using Pd nanoparticles supported on CNFs with different surface properties
Authors: Sanchez Felipe , Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Motta Davide , Chan-Thaw Carine Edith , Rakotomahevitra Andrianelison , Tabanelli Tommaso , Roldan Alberto , Hammond Ceri , He Qian , Davies Tom , Villa Alberto , Dimitratos Nikolaos
Published: September 2018

The development of safe and efficient H2 generation/storage materials toward a fuel-cell-based H2 economy as a long-term solution has recently received much attention.
The finale of a trilogy: comparing terpolymers and ternary blends with structurally similar backbones for use in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Kelly Mary Allison , Zhang Qianqian , Peng Zhengxing , Noman Victoria , Zhu Chenhui , Ade Harald , You Wei
Published: September 2018

Comparing the efficiency of terpolymers vs. ternary blends, this study focuses on two polymers with structurally similar backbones (monoCNTAZ and FTAZ) yet markedly different open circuit voltages.
Supercapacitor with extraordinary cycling stability and high rate from nano-architectured polyaniline/graphene on Janus nanofibrous film with shape memory
Authors: Khosrozadeh Ali , Singh Gurankit , Wang Quan , Luo Gaoxing , Xing Malcolm
Published: September 2018

Layer-by-layer polyaniline–graphene on multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers leads to extremely stable flexible electrodes with high power and rate capability.
Ultra-narrow bandgap non-fullerene organic solar cells with low voltage losses and a large photocurrent
Authors: Wang Jianqiu , Xie Shenkun , Zhang Dongyang , Wang Rong , Zheng Zhong , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Yuan
Published: September 2018

Based on nonfullerene IEICO-4F, ITCC and PC71BM acceptors, photo-carrier losses via bi-molecular recombination in organic solar cells (OSCs) with an ultra-narrow band gap are comparatively investigated with mid-gap OSCs.
Carboplatin-loaded SMNDs to reduce GSH-mediated platinum resistance for prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Liang Shuang , Han Leiqiang , Mu Weiwei , Jiang Dandan , Hou Teng , Yin Xiaolan , Pang Xiuping , Yang Rui , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Na
Published: September 2018

Glutathione (GSH)-mediated drug resistance can strongly weaken the therapeutic efficiency of platinum(ii).
Light-driven self-powered biosensor for ultrasensitive organophosphate pesticide detection via integration of the conjugated polymer-sensitized CdS and enzyme inhibition strategy
Authors: Gai Panpan , Zhang Shuxia , Yu Wen , Li Haiyin , Li Feng
Published: September 2018

A new light-driven self-powered biosensor based on a photoelectrochemical enzymatic fuel cell was proposed for the ultrasensitive detection of organophosphate pesticides.
Label-free non-invasive fluorescent pattern discrimination of thiols and chiral recognition of cysteine enantiomers in biofluids using a bioinspired copolymer–Cu2+ hybrid sensor array regulated by pH
Authors: Lin Zi-Yang , Han Xin-Yue , Chen Zi-Han , Shi Guoyue , Zhang Min
Published: September 2018

Thiols play a crucial role in various biological processes, and the discrimination of thiols in biofluids is a significant but difficult issue.
Tuning the electronic and optical properties of graphene quantum dots by selective boronization
Authors: Feng Jianguang , Dong Hongzhou , Pang Beili , Chen Yingjie , Yu Liyan , Dong Lifeng
Published: September 2018

BC3, BCO2, and BC2O show different behaviours in tuning the electronic and optical properties of boron-doped graphene quantum dots.
Parasites as negative regulators of cancer
Authors: Callejas Blanca E. , Martínez-Saucedo Diana , Terrazas Luis I.
Published: September 2018

Several environmental factors (chemical, physical, and biological) can cause the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Regarding the biological factors, several studies have found that infections caused by some bacteria, viruses and protozoan, and helminth parasites are related to carcinogenesis. However, in recent years a different approach has been implemented on the antitumor impact of parasitic diseases caused by some protozoan and helminths, mainly because such infections may affect several hallmarks of cancer, but the involved mechanisms still remain unknown. The beneficial effects reported for some parasitic diseases on tumorigenesis range from the induction of apoptosis, activation of the immune response, avoiding metastasis and angiogenesis, inhibition of proliferative signals, to the regulation of inflammatory responses that promote cancer. In this work, we reviewed the available information regarding how parasitic infections may modulate cancer progression. Despite the fact that specific mechanisms of action on tumors are not yet totally clear, we consider that detailed studies of the antitumor action of these organisms and their products could lead to the discovery and use of new molecules from these biological agents that may work as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of various types of cancer.
Tannerella forsythia Tfo belongs to Porphyromonas gingivalis HmuY-like family of proteins but differs in heme-binding properties
Authors: Bielecki Marcin , Antonyuk Svetlana , Strange Richard W. , Smalley John W. , Mackiewicz Paweł , Śmiga Michał , Stępień Paulina , Olczak Mariusz , Olczak Teresa
Published: September 2018

Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered the principal etiologic agent and keystone pathogen of chronic periodontitis. As an auxotrophic bacterium, it must acquire heme to survive and multiply at the infection site. P. gingivalis HmuY is the first member of a novel family of hemophore-like proteins. Bacterial heme-binding proteins usually use histidine-methionine or histidine-tyrosine residues to ligate heme-iron, whereas P. gingivalis HmuY uses two histidine residues. We hypothesized that other ‘red complex’ members, i.e. Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola might utilize similar heme uptake mechanisms to the P. gingivalis HmuY. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses suggested differentiation of HmuY homologs and low conservation of heme-coordinating histidine residues present in HmuY. The homologs were subjected to duplication before divergence of Bacteroidetes lineages, which could facilitate evolution of functional diversification. We found that T. denticola does not code an HmuY homolog. T. forsythia protein, termed as Tfo, binds heme, but preferentially in the ferrous form, and sequesters heme from the albumin–heme complex under reducing conditions. In agreement with that, the 3D structure of Tfo differs from that of HmuY in the folding of heme-binding pocket, containing two methionine residues instead of two histidine residues coordinating heme in HmuY. Heme binding to apo-HmuY is accompanied by movement of the loop carrying the His166 residue, closing the heme-binding pocket. Molecular dynamics simulations (MD) demonstrated that this conformational change also occurs in Tfo. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HmuY-like family might comprise proteins subjected during evolution to significant diversification, resulting in different heme-binding properties.
Early Earth and the rise of complex life
Authors: Lyons Timothy W. , Droser Mary L. , Lau Kimberly V. , Porter Susannah M.
Published: September 2018

The history of life on Earth progressed in parallel with the evolving oxygen state of the atmosphere and oceans, but the details of that relationship remain poorly known and debated. There is, however, general agreement that the first appreciable and persistent accumulation of oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere occurred around 2.3 to 2.4 billion years ago. Following this Great Oxidation Event, biospheric oxygen remained at relatively stable intermediate levels for more than a billion years. Much current research focuses on the transition from the intermediate conditions of this middle chapter in Earth history to the more oxygenated periods that followed — often emphasizing whether increasing and perhaps episodic oxygenation drove fundamental steps in the evolution of complex life and, if so, when. These relationships among early organisms and their environments are the thematic threads that stitch together the papers in this collection. Expert authors bring a mix of methods and opinions to their leading-edge reviews of the earliest proliferation and ecological impacts of eukaryotic life, the subsequent emergence and ecological divergence of animals, and the corresponding causes and consequences of environmental change.
Hybrid evolutionary search method for complex function optimisation problems
Authors: Binol H. , Guvenc I. , Bulut E. , Akkaya K.
Published: September 2018

In this Letter, harmony search (HS) technique hybridised with genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. This technique mainly takes HS direction estimation mechanism and genetic operators in GA, which significantly increase the convergence of the HS algorithm. Specifically, the authors propose to incorporate main operators of GA into the HS algorithm to avoid some inherent drawbacks of the HS. For example, crossover is incorporated into HS to deal with low accuracy problem, while mutation is incorporated to escape from the local optimum solutions. In addition, elitism is introduced into the HS, to precipitate the performance and prevent the loss of favourable individuals found during the search process. The authors compare the performance of the GA, HS, and other popular HS variants on several benchmark functions. Numerical results show that the proposed hybridisation exhibits a superior performance in comparison to other algorithms.
Facial expression recognition using feature additive pooling and progressive fine‐tuning of CNN
Authors: Kim T.H. , Yu C. , Lee S.W.
Published: September 2018

Facial expression recognition is one of the most important tasks in human–computer interaction, affective computing, computer vision, and related work. Feature additive pooling and progressive fine‐tuning of the convolutional neural network (CNN) for facial expression recognition in a static image are introduced. Network is proposed that partially employs the visual geometry group (VGG)‐face model pre‐trained on a VGG‐face dataset. The characteristics and distribution of the facial expression images in each database are biased according to the purpose of the publicly available facial database used. To alleviate this problem, a CNN model is developed that merges progressively fine‐tuned CNNs into a single network. Experiments were carried out to validate the presented method using facial expression images from the Cohn–Kanade +, Karolinska directed emotional face, and Japanese female facial expression databases, and cross‐database evaluation results show that the method is superior to state‐of‐the‐art methods.
RF‐based location of partial discharge sources using received signal features
Authors: Iorkyase Ephraim T. , Tachtatzis Christos , Glover Ian A. , Atkinson Robert C.
Published: September 2018

Partial discharges (PDs) are symptomatic of some localised defects in the insulation system of electrical equipment. PD activity emits electrical pulses in the form of radio frequency (RF) signals which can be captured using appropriate sensors. The analysis of the measured RF signals facilitates localisation of PD. This study investigates the plausibility of using purely RF received signal features of PD pulses to locate PD at low cost. A localisation approach based on the analysis of these features has been developed, with the assumption that PDs generate unique RF spatial patterns due to the complexities and nonlinearities of RF propagation. In this approach, two distinct frequency bands which hold different PD information are exploited. PD location features are extracted from the main PD signal and the two sub‐band signals. Correlation‐based feature selection (CFS) is employed for feature selection and dimensionality reduction. Experimental results show that PD location can be inferred from the features of the PD pulses. The application of CFS to PD data reduces the memory/computational demand and improves localisation accuracy.
Fully‐integrated high‐speed IM for improving high‐power marine engines
Authors: Gerada David , Xu Zeyuan , Huang Xuzhen , Gerada Chris
Published: September 2018

In this study, electrical machine technologies are compared comprehensively for a hybrid turbocharger used with a high‐power marine engine. It is required for the machine to operate in a thermally aggressive environment, with turbine exhaust temperatures in excess of 600°C. Furthermore, it is required to both generate from the extra exhaust energy (turbo‐compounding) at high‐engine loads as well as a motor for low‐engine loads during slow steaming. The application investigated translates to a machine featuring both high‐power (150 kW) and high speeds (25–50 krpm), together with a considerable constant power–speed region. In this study, induction machines (IM), permanent magnet machines and switched reluctance machines are compared taking into account a number of aspects including the thermal performance, torque ripple, converter volt–ampere rating, and cost. In light of the technical and market requirements, the IM featuring new materials is prototyped and tested for the application in a representative environment.
Phase interpolation Fourier transform beamforming for spatial division applications
Authors: Shitvov Alexey , Kozlov Dmitry , Munina Irina , Turalchuk Pavel
Published: September 2018

The spatial division represents an efficient approach to increasing data throughput in wireless networks. It can be implemented by spanning the channel in spatial domain with orthogonal beams generated by a Fourier transform (FT) beamforming network and using each beam to simultaneously convey an independent data stream from the base station (BS) to several users. This study presents a feasibility study of a simplified BS front‐end architecture based on a spatial discrete FT beamforming network, with the number of the output ports being lower than the number of the elements in the antenna array. It is shown that connecting each output port of the FT network via power dividers to several array elements, thus implementing a ‘sample‐and‐hold’ phase interpolation, preserves the orthogonality, gain and beam‐width in a narrow scanning sector. Therefore, in applications where few orthogonal beams are required to span a narrow spatial sector, the proposed approach can offer a reduction of the hardware complexity. The simulated radiation patterns for a phase interpolation Fourier beamforming network are demonstrated. The measured antenna radiation patterns are reported for the architecture implemented with a Fourier Rotman lens and Wilkinson power dividers feeding a microstrip antenna array, which confirm the simulated trends.
Improving organic solar cell efficiency using solution processed poly (3‐hexylthiophene) buffer layer
Authors: Ghosekar Ishan C. , Patil Ganesh C.
Published: September 2018

In this work, it has been shown that inserting buffered poly 3‐hexylthiophene layer between hole transport layer and blended polymer: fullerene active layer of the organic solar cell (OSC) improves the power conversion efficiency by 34% over the conventional OSC. The buffer layer also increases short‐circuit current density from 4.97 ± 0.2 mA/cm2 (without buffer layer) to 6.12 ± 0.3 mA/cm2 (with buffer layer). These improvements are mainly due to increased absorption in the buffered polymer layer. The buffer layer insertion leads to better charge carrier collection and lesser hole recombination at the hole transport interface, which increases shunt resistance and reduces the series resistance of the device. In addition, the insertion of the buffer layer also shows significant improvement in the absorbance spectrum and external quantum efficiency of the device.
Indium tin oxide coated PET for differential pH‐sensing using field‐effect transistor based sensor
Authors: Mokhtarifar Naser , Goldschmidtboeing Frank , Woias Peter
Published: September 2018

Indium tin oxide (ITO) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is characterised in terms of pH‐sensitivity. Commercial ITO/PET sheet was cut in a shape of electrode and was connected to the gate‐terminal of a metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor as the sensory part, creating an extended gate field‐effect transistor (EGFET) pH‐sensor. The quality of laser micromachining as well as the moulded ITO/PET electrode is investigated. The pH‐sensitivity and linearity of the sensor signal are studied over time for a single hanging ITO/PET electrode. With the help of a constant‐charge amplifier circuitry, the reference electrode, dipped in the measurement cell, is grounded. Therefore, the noise level, coupled into the sensor signal from environment, is decreased and also integration of the second sensor to the measurement cell becomes possible. The pH‐measurement is carried out while EGFET pair, immersed into a buffer solution next to a pseudo‐reference electrode, is working in differential mode to compensate for the high drift signal rate which is common for this type of sensors. As the result, a very low‐cost EGFET‐based pH‐sensor is achieved based on commercially available products independent of costly cleanroom processes.
Detection of magnetic fields in He-rich early B-type stars using HARPSpol
Authors: Järvinen S. P. , Hubrig S. , Ilyin I. , Schöller M. , Nieva M. F. , Przybilla N. , Castro N.
Published: September 2018

Aims. We focus on early-B type stars with helium overabundance, for which the presence of a magnetic field has not previously been reported.

Methods. The measurements were carried out using high-spectral-resolution spectropolarimetric observations obtained with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) in polarimetric mode, installed at the ESO La Silla 3.6 m telescope.

Results. For five He-rich stars, the longitudinal magnetic field was detected for the first time. For one target, HD 58260, the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field of the order of 1.8 kG has already been reported in the literature, but the magnetic field has remained constant over tens of years. Our measurement carried out using the polarimetric spectra obtained in 2015 March indicates a slight decrease of the longitudinal magnetic field strength compared to measurements reported in previous works. A search for periodic modulation in available photometric data allowed us to confidently establish a period of 2.64119 ± 0.00420 d in archival ASAS3 data for CPD–27°1791. No period could be determined for the other five stars.

Conclusions. The obtained results support the scenario that all He-rich stars are detectably magnetic and form an extension of the Ap star phenomenon to higher temperatures.
Analysis of unresolved photospheric magnetic field structure using Fe I 6301 and 6302 lines
Authors: Gordovskyy M. , Shelyag S. , Browning P. K. , Lozitsky V. G.
Published: September 2018

Context.Early magnetographic observations indicated that the magnetic field in the solar photosphere has an unresolved small-scale structure. Near-infrared and optical data with extremely high spatial resolution show that these structures have scales of a few tens of kilometres, which are not resolved in the majority of solar observations.

Aims.The goal of this study is to establish the effect of the unresolved photospheric magnetic field structure on Stokes profiles observed with relatively low spatial resolution. Ultimately, we aim to develop methods for fast estimation of the photospheric magnetic filling factor and line-of-sight gradient of the photospheric magnetic field, which can be applied to large observational data sets.

Methods.We exploit 3D magnetohydrodynamic models of magneto-convection developed using the MURAM code. Corresponding profiles of Fe I 6301.5 and 6302.5 Å spectral lines are calculated using the NICOLE radiative transfer code. The resulting I and V Stokes [x, y, λ] cubes with a reduced spatial resolution of 150 km are used to calculate magnetic field values as they would be obtained in observations with the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) onboard Hinode or the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) mission.

Results. Three different methods of magnetic filling factor estimation are considered: the magnetic line ratio method, the Stokes V width method, and a simple statistical method. We find that the statistical method and the Stokes V width method are sufficiently reliable for fast filling factor estimations. Furthermore, we find that the Stokes I ± V bisector splitting gradient can be used for fast estimation of the line-of-sight gradient of the photospheric magnetic field.
Core-collapse supernovae in the hall of mirrors
Authors: Cabezón Rubén M. , Pan Kuo-Chuan , Liebendörfer Matthias , Kuroda Takami , Ebinger Kevin , Heinimann Oliver , Perego Albino , Thielemann Friedrich-Karl
Published: September 2018

Context. Modeling core-collapse supernovae (SNe) with neutrino transport in three dimensions (3D) requires tremendous computing resources and some level of approximation. We present a first comparison study of core-collapse SNe in 3D with different physics approximations and hydrodynamics codes.

Aims. The objective of this work is to assess the impact of the hydrodynamics code, approximations for the neutrino, gravity treatments, and rotation on the simulation of core-collapse SNe in 3D.

Methods. We use four different hydrodynamics codes in this work (ELEPHANT, FLASH, fGR1, and SPHYNX) in combination with two different neutrino treatments, the isotropic diffusion source approximation (IDSA) and two-moment M1, and three different gravity treatments (Newtonian, 1D General Relativity correction, and full General Relativity). Additional parameters discussed in this study are the inclusion of neutrino-electron scattering via a parametrized deleptonization and the influence of rotation.

Results. The four codes compared in this work include Eulerian and fully Lagrangian (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) codes for the first time. They show agreement in the overall evolution of the collapse phase and early post-bounce within the range of 10% (20% in some cases). The comparison of the different neutrino treatments highlights the need to further investigate the antineutrino luminosities in IDSA, which tend to be relatively high. We also demonstrate the requirement for a more detailed heavy-lepton neutrino leakage. When comparing with a full General Relativity code, including an M1 transport method, we confirm the influence of neutrino-electron scattering during the collapse phase, which is adequately captured by the parametrized deleptonization scheme. Also, the effective general relativistic potential reproduces the overall dynamic evolution correctly in all Newtonian codes. Additionally, we verify that rotation aids the shock expansion and estimate the overall angular momentum losses for each code in rotating scenarios.
Understanding the orbital periods of CEMP-s stars
Authors: Abate Carlo , Pols Onno R. , Stancliffe Richard J.
Published: September 2018

The chemical enrichments detected in carbon- and s-element-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP-s) stars are believed to be the consequence of a past episode of mass transfer from a now extinct asymptotic-giant-branch primary star. This hypothesis is borne out by the evidence that most CEMP-s stars exhibit radial-velocity variations suggesting that they belong to binary systems in which the companion is not directly visible. We used the orbital-period distribution of an unbiased sample of observed CEMP-s stars to investigate the constraints it imposes on our models of binary evolution and on the properties of the metal-poor binary population in the Galactic halo. We generated synthetic populations of metal-poor binary stars using different assumptions about the initial period distribution and about the physics of the mass-transfer process, and we compared the predicted period distributions of our synthetic CEMP-s stars with the observed one. With a set of default assumptions often made in binary population-synthesis studies, the observed period distribution cannot be reproduced. The percentage of observed CEMP-s systems with periods shorter than about 2000 days is underestimated by almost a factor of three, and by about a factor of two between 3000 and 10 000 days. Conversely, about 40% of the simulated systems have periods longer than 104 days, which is approximately the longest measured period among CEMP-s stars. Variations in the assumed stability criterion for Roche-lobe overflow and the efficiency of wind mass transfer do not alter the period distribution enough to overcome this discrepancy. To reconcile the results of the models with the orbital properties of observed CEMP-s stars, one or both of the following conditions are necessary: (i) the specific angular momentum carried away by the material that escapes the binary system is approximately two to five times higher than currently predicted by analytical models and hydrodynamical simulations of wind mass transfer, and (ii) the initial period distribution of very metal-poor binary stars is significantly different from that observed in the solar vicinity and weighted towards periods shorter than about ten thousand days. Our simulations show that some, perhaps all, of the observed CEMP-s stars with apparently constant radial velocity could be undetected binaries with periods longer than 104 days, but the same simulations also predict that twenty to thirty percent of detectable binaries should have periods above this threshold, much more than are currently observed.
LoTSS DR1: Double-double radio galaxies in the HETDEX field
Authors: Mahatma V. H. , Hardcastle M. J. , Williams W. L. , Best P. N. , Croston J. H. , Duncan K. , Mingo B. , Morganti R. , Brienza M. , Cochrane R. K. , Gürkan G. , Harwood J. J. , Jarvis M. J. , Jamrozy M. , Jurlin N. , Morabito L. K. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Sabater J. , Shimwell T. W. , Smith D. J. B. , Shulevski A. , Tasse C.
Published: September 2018

Context. Double-double radio galaxies (DDRGs) represent a short but unique phase in the life-cycle of some of the most powerful radio-loud active galactic nuclei (RLAGN). These galaxies display large-scale remnant radio plasma in the intergalactic medium left behind by a past episode of active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity, and meanwhile, the radio jets have restarted in a new episode. The knowledge of what causes the jets to switch off and restart is crucial to our understanding of galaxy evolution, while it is important to know if DDRGs form a host galaxy dichotomy relative to RLAGN.

Aims. The sensitivity and field of view of LOFAR enables the observation of DDRGs on a population basis rather than single-source observations. Using statistical comparisons with a control sample of RLAGN, we may obtain insights into the nature of DDRGs in the context of their host galaxies, where physical differences in their hosts compared to RLAGN as a population may allow us to infer the conditions that drive restarting jets.

Methods. We utilised the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) DR1, using a visual identification method to compile a sample of morphologically selected candidate DDRGs, showing two pairs of radio lobes. To confirm the restarted nature in each of the candidate sources, we obtained follow-up observations with the Karl. G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at higher resolution to observe the inner lobes or restarted jets, the confirmation of which created a robust sample of 33 DDRGs. We created a comparison sample of 777 RLAGN, matching the luminosity distribution of the DDRG sample, and compared the optical and infrared magnitudes and colours of their host galaxies.

Results. We find that there is no statistically significant difference in the brightness of the host galaxies between double-doubles and single-cycle RLAGN. The DDRG and RLAGN samples also have similar distributions in WISE mid-infrared colours, indicating similar ages of stellar populations and dust levels in the hosts of DDRGs. We conclude that DDRGs and “normal” RLAGN are hosted by galaxies of the same type, and that DDRG activity is simply a normal part of the life cycle of RLAGN. Restarted jets, particularly for the class of low-excitation radio galaxies, rather than being a product of a particular event in the life of a host galaxy, must instead be caused by smaller scale changes, such as in the accretion system surrounding the black hole.
Association of Higher Maternal Serum Levels of Plac1 Protein with Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Ibanoglu Mujde Can , Ozgu-Erdinc A. Seval , Kara Ozgur , Topcu H. Onur , Uygur Dilek
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the maternal PLAC1 protein levels in infants with IUGR. A total of 40 pregnant women with IUGR and 40 controls were recruited in this case control study between June 2014 and November 2014. Maternal serum PLAC1 levels were established as significantly higher in IUGR cases compared to the control groups (8.42±3.59 ng/ml vs. 6.27±4.04 ng/ml, p<0.001). Area under ROC curve (AUC) analysis of PLAC1 in IUGR was 0.708, (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.593–0.823, p=0.001) (Figure 1). Maternal PLAC1 levels above 7.41 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 62.5% (95% C1: 45.81–76.83), a specificity of 77.5% (95% CI: 61.15–88.6); positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were 73.53% (95% CI: 55.35–86.49) and 67.39% (95% CI: 51.86–80.03), respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 70%. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate a significantly important link between IUGR and higher maternal serum levels of the PLAC1 protein.
On deformations of the Witt n-algebra
Authors: Wang Rui , Yao Shao-Kui , Li Min-Li , Wu Ke , Zhao Wei-Zhong
Published: September 2018

We reinvestigate the two different q-Witt algebras and construct their n-algebras. In one case, the super version is also presented. Moreover we investigate the central extensions and present the (super) q-Virasoro n-algebras for the n even case. We study a toy model for the q-Virasoro constraints. A q-Witt n-algebra is discussed in this model.