bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Job strain, gender and well-being at work: a case study of public sector line managers
Authors: Jonsdottir Inga Jona , Rafnsdottir Gudbjorg Linda , Ólafsdóttir Thorhildur
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to further the understanding of public sector line managers' work-related well-being and health in relation to job strain, gender and workplace social support.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was sent to all senior and middle line managers (N = 357) in three administrative departments of Iceland's largest municipality. The response rate was 64.7%. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the data.

Findings

A minority of respondents experience high job strain. However, for these managers, the risk of experiencing emotional exhaustion is about fivefold, compared to those not experiencing high job strain. Social support is an important buffering against job strain and enhances well-being. Female managers are more likely than their male counterparts to report myositis, back or shoulder pain and sleeping difficulty.

Practical implications

The study emphasises that workplace social support attenuates the negative impact of job strain on line managers' work-related well-being. Furthermore, it demonstrates that in a society at the forefront in gender equality, gender differences in health symptoms exist among line managers in the public sector – a finding that highlights the importance of studying all aspects of workplace well-being by gender. This calls for future research using a more comprehensive survey data and interviews to shed light on the pathways through which female line managers' health is negatively affected.

Originality/value

Knowledge relating to well-being and health of line managers in the public sector is scarce. This study contributes to filling that gap. As work-related well-being is often gender-blind, the value of the study is also the investigation of the gender patterns in the authors’ data.
Theoretical optimization and experiment on lubrication of floating microgroove cylindrical seal
Authors: Lu Junjie
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and improve the lubrication performance of a floating cylindrical seal by investigating micro spiral groove.

Design/methodology/approach

The lubrication model of is solved by finite difference, considering the influence of convergence eccentricity and Rayleigh step on the gas film period. A lubrication model, which is a gas film of floating microgroove cylindrical seal, is solved under high-precision central difference (finite-difference method-center) for the critical problems of convergence eccentricity and Rayleigh step. And then, an idea on the opening-leakage ratio is proposed, and a multiobjective optimization model is established. Finally, an experiment is conducted on a narrow gap to determine the gas film opening force and leakage by the modules of testing system, and the theoretical results are verified by real tests.

Findings

The theoretical calculation results agree well with the experimental data, which proves the correctness of the lubrication optimization model, and the optimized groove has better lubrication performance. On the other hand, the sealing pressure plays a more important role in the seal operation.

Originality/value

The theoretical model carries out low complexity and high sparseness, thus being very suitable for large-scale gas film problems. A multiobjective optimal function is established based on the opening-leakage ratio for optimizing groove. Finally, a curved groove of high precision and gas film opening force is obtained completely.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-02-2020-0048/
The collapse of credit booms: a competing risks analysis
Authors: Castro Vítor , Martins Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper analyses the collapse of credit booms into soft landings or systemic banking crises.

Design/methodology/approach

A discrete-time competing risks duration model is employed to disentangle the factors behind the length of benign and harmful credit booms.

Findings

The results show that economic growth and monetary authorities play the major role in explaining the differences in the length and outcome of credit booms. Moreover, both types of credit expansions display positive duration dependence, i.e. both are more likely to end as they grow older, but hard landing credit booms have proven to be longer than those that land softly.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to our understanding of what affects the length of credit booms and why some end up creating havoc and others do not. In particular, it calls the attention to the important role that Central Bank independence plays regarding credit booms length and outcome.
On the performance of US fiscal forecasts: government vs. private information
Authors: An Zidong , Jalles Joao Tovar
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper contributes to shed light on the quality and performance of US fiscal forecasts.

Design/methodology/approach

The first part inspects the causes of official fiscal forecasts revisions by Congressional Budget Office (CBO) between 1984 and 2016 that are due to technical, economic or policy reasons.

Findings

Both individual and cumulative means of forecast errors are relatively close to zero, particularly in the case of expenditures. CBO averages indicate net average downward revenue and expenditure revisions and net average upward deficit revisions. Focusing on the causes of the technical component, the authors uncover that its revisions are quite unpredictable, which cast doubts on inferences about fiscal policy sustainability that rely on point estimates. Comparing official with private-sector (consensus) forecasts, despite the informational advantages CBO might have, one cannot unequivocally say that one or the other is more accurate. Evidence also seems to suggest that CBO forecasts are consistently heavily biased toward optimism while this is less the case for consensus forecasts. Not only is the extent of information rigidity is more prevalent in CBO forecasts but also evidence seems to indicate that consensus forecasts dominate CBO in terms of information content.

Originality/value

The authors provide a detailed analysis on US fiscal forecasts both using revenue and expenditure and decomposing forecast errors into several explanatory components. Moreover, the authors compare official with private-sector (consensus) forecasts and assess which one is better or preferred.
Property valuation in UK: climate change targets and the value of UK investment properties – a change in sea level[1]
Authors: French Nick
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The UK government, in late 2019, announced new proposed targets for the energy efficiency legislation in the UK, MEES – Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards. The current suggestion is that all let properties, commercial or residential, need to be B rated by 2030. If this is implemented, it will have a significant impact upon the UK market property investment market.

Design/methodology/approach

This practice briefing is an overview of the 2018 legislation and comments on how market awareness has changed since its introduction and the potential impact upon prices of affected properties moving forward

Findings

This paper discusses how capital and rental values are beginning to be discounted in the market to allow for current and future liabilities under the MEES legislation. This has a significant impact on strategies for property investment.

Practical implications

This paper analyses the likelihood of (negative) capital and rental value changes under the proposed stricter energy efficiency guidelines.

Originality/value

This provides guidance on how valuations can be undertaken to reflect any impact of the likely changes to UK energy efficiency legislation.
Haze pollution, new-type urbanization and regional total factor productivity growth: based on a panel dataset involving all 31 provinces within the territory of China
Authors: Zhang Ruihan , Sun Bing , Liu Mingyao , Hou Jian
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of regional total factor productivity (TFP) growth and explores how haze pollution and different levels of new-type urbanization affect China’s economic growth.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper constructs an index for evaluating the TFP growth of China’s 31 provinces by integrating slack-based measures and the Global Malmquist (GM) productivity index. Meanwhile, the panel threshold estimation method is used to examine the complex relationships among haze pollution, new-type urbanization and TFP growth.

Findings

The results reflect conspicuous spatiotemporal heterogeneity in TFP growth in China. Interestingly, the influence of haze pollution on TFP growth is limited by the “critical mass” of new-type urbanization in China. When new-type urbanization does not cross the first threshold, haze pollution has a negative but non-significant effect on TFP growth. When new-type urbanization crosses the first threshold but not the second, haze pollution has a significant positive impact on TFP growth. When new-type urbanization crosses the second threshold, haze pollution significantly and positively affects TFP growth with the strongest positive effect.

Originality/value

This study innovates by combining haze pollution and TFP growth and proposing an integrated framework from the perspective of new-type urbanization, providing insight into how different degrees of new-type urbanization impact the mechanism between haze pollution and TFP growth. Using panel data in China and emphasizing green development, a sustainable economy and new-type urbanization, this study contributes to the current studies on haze pollution and economic development based on developed countries.
Intensity of product market competition, institutional environment and accrual quality
Authors: Kamarudin Khairul Anuar , Mohamad Ariff Akmalia , Wan Ismail Wan Adibah
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the joint effect of product market competition (PMC) and institutional environment on accrual quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample covers a large data set of 52,138 firm-year observations from 35 countries over the period of 2011-2015. Using the weighted least square regression, the study estimates PMC and institutional environment on accrual quality. The study measures PMC based on Herfindahl-Hirschman index, anti-director rights index (ADRI) based on the revised and updated La Portaet al.'s (1998) and accrual quality using the modified Dechow and Dichev (2002) model proposed by McNichols (2002). The study also uses a series of specification tests using alternative measures for each variable.

Findings

The study finds that highly intensified PMC relates to a lower quality of accruals. The results also show that accrual quality is better in countries with stronger institutional environment, specifically countries with higher ADRI, investor protection, judicial independence, protection of minority shareholders’ interests, protection of property rights, strength of the auditing and reporting standards, efficacy of corporate boards and corporate ethics. The findings suggest that institutional factors weaken the negative impact of PMC intensity on accrual quality, hence suggesting that institutional environment has a significant role to enhance accrual quality among firms in highly intensified industries.

Practical implications

The findings provide additional insights to policymakers and regulators on the importance of strong institutional and industry environment that can provide incentives and extra governance mechanisms besides the conventional firm-level corporate governance.

Originality/value

This study contributes in understanding the impact of intensity of PMC on accrual quality internationally and subsequently highlights the role of institutional environment as significant country-level governance in determining financial reporting quality, particularly accrual quality.
Carbon fiber fabric/epoxy composites with electric- and light-responsive shape memory effect
Authors: Yu Laiming , Zhang Tianqi , Wang Wenjun , Dong Yubing , Fu Yaqin
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This study aims to discuss the effect of carbon fiber on the electric-respone of shape memory epoxy property. Epoxy (EP) is a typical excellent thermosetting shape memory polymer (SMP). To enrich the shape memory epoxy (SMEP) responsive mode, the carbon fiber fabric-reinforced SMEP composites were prepared, and the mechanical properties and the electric- and light-responsive shape memory effect of the composites were investigated and confirmed.

Design/methodology/approach

The carbon fiber fabric/SMEP composites were prepared via a dipping method. The carbon fiber fabric was dipped into the waterborne epoxy emulsion and dried at room temperature and then post-cured in the oven at 120 °C for 2 h. The mechanical properties and the multi-responsive shape memory properties of the composites were tested and confirmed via tensile test instrument, DC electrical source and near-infrared (NIR) laser source control system.

Findings

The carbon fiber fabric/SMEP composites showed excellent electric- and light-responsive shape memory effect.

Research limitations/implications

High performance and multi-responsive shape memory materials have always been the goal of the scientists. Carbon fiber fabric and SMEP both consist of a good reputation in the field of composites, and the combination of both would set a solid foundation for getting a high performance and multi-responsive shape memory effect materials, which will enrich the responsive mode and broaden the application of SMEP.

Originality/value

Multi-responsive SMEP composites were prepared from waterborne epoxy and carbon fiber fabric.
Rechallenge of programmed cell death 1 inhibitor after an interval with dacarbazine treatment may be effective for advanced malignant melanoma
Authors: Kan Takanobu , Takahagi Shunsuke , Kawai Mikio , Matsubara Daiki , Tanaka Akio , Hide Michihiro
Published: June 2020

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been administrated as a standard medication in many cases of malignant melanoma (MM). They may be effective even for MM in advanced stages. However, it is still challenging to reduce the burden of MM, which were or became refractory to ICI, especially those without BRAF gene mutation. Re‐administration of ICI after other modalities of treatment may be an option of treatment, but the efficacy and safety of retreatment with ICI have not been well established. We experienced four patients with advanced MM retreated with programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) inhibitor. All cases were refractory to the first PD‐1 inhibitor, nivolumab, and then treated with dacarbazine (DTIC), followed by pembrolizumab. Two of the four cases achieved a partial response by switching to pembrolizumab as the second PD‐1 inhibitor, and the other two cases resulted in progressive disease. In all cases, no new severe adverse events developed upon PD‐1 inhibitor retreatment. Even if the first PD‐1 inhibitor proves to be ineffective, it is worth re‐administrating PD‐1 inhibitor following a bridging therapy with DTIC.
Circulating tumor necrosis factor‐α DNA are elevated in psoriasis
Authors: Sakamoto Ryoko , Sawamura Soichiro , Kajihara Ikko , Miyauchi Hitomi , Urata Kazumi , Otsuka‐Maeda Saki , Kanemaru Hisashi , Kanazawa‐Yamada Saori , Honda Noritoshi , Makino Katsunari , Miyashita Azusa , Aoi Jun , Makino Takamitsu , Fukushima Satoshi , Ihn Hironobu
Published: June 2020

In psoriasis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is a key pro‐inflammatory cytokine that activates keratinocytes to produce other inflammatory mediators. In addition, increased serum or plasma TNF‐α levels are considered to be biomarkers of psoriasis. Circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) originates from apoptotic or necrotic cells and reflects the severity of cellular damage. Although cfDNA has recently attracted attention as a marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of various disorders, there are few reports of its clinical implications in the field of dermatology including psoriasis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the TNF‐α gene is present in the cfDNA, and whether its levels can be utilized as a biomarker for patients with psoriasis. cfDNA was isolated from serum samples of 79 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 29 with psoriatic arthritis. The levels of TNF‐α in the cfDNA were assessed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we made two novel findings. First, circulating TNF‐α DNA levels in the cfDNA were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than in healthy controls. In addition, the area under the curve was 0.91, suggesting that serum TNF‐α DNA levels are effective as a diagnostic biomarker. Second, the levels of TNF‐α DNA copies in the cfDNA were positively correlated with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score in the group of patients with a PASI score higher than 10. Generally, a PASI score of more than 10 is defined as severe psoriasis; therefore, the levels of TNF‐α DNA copies in the cfDNA could be a biomarker for severity in patients with severe psoriasis. Further studies are needed to establish serum TNF‐α DNA levels as a novel biomarker of psoriasis.
Proximity to humans affects local social structure in a giraffe metapopulation
Authors: Bond Monica L. , König Barbara , Lee Derek E. , Ozgul Arpat , Farine Damien R.
Published: June 2020

Experimental laboratory evidence suggests that animals with disrupted social systems express weakened relationship strengths and have more exclusive social associations, and that these changes have functional consequences. A key question is whether anthropogenic pressures have a similar impact on the social structure of wild animal communities.

We addressed this question by constructing a social network from 6 years of systematically collected photographic capture–recapture data spanning 1,139 individual adult female Masai giraffes inhabiting a large, unfenced, heterogeneous landscape in northern Tanzania. We then used the social network to identify distinct social communities, and tested whether social or anthropogenic and other environmental factors predicted differences in social structure among these communities.

We reveal that giraffes have a multilevel social structure. Local preferences in associations among individuals scale up to a number of distinct, but spatially overlapping, social communities, that can be viewed as a large interconnected metapopulation. We then find that communities that are closer to traditional compounds of Indigenous Masai people express weaker relationship strengths and the giraffes in these communities are more exclusive in their associations.

The patterns we characterize in response to proximity to humans reflect the predictions of disrupted social systems. Near bomas, fuelwood cutting can reduce food resources, and groups of giraffes are more likely to encounter livestock and humans on foot, thus disrupting the social associations among group members. Our results suggest that human presence could potentially be playing an important role in determining the conservation future of this megaherbivore.
A universal oyster infection model demonstrates that Vibrio vulnificusType 6 secretion systems have antibacterial activity in vivo
Authors: Hubert Cameron L. , Michell Stephen Ll.
Published: June 2020

With the rapid increase of aquaculture contributing to sustainable food security, comes the need to better understand seafood associated diseases. One of the major aquatic bacterial genera responsible for human infections from seafood is Vibrio, especially from oysters. Currently, in vivo study of bacterial interactions within oysters is limited by the inability to promote high‐level uptake of bacteria by oysters. This study has therefore evolved current natural marine snow protocols to generate ‘artificial’ marine snow, into which bacteria can be incorporated to facilitate extensive uptake by oysters. This presents an adaptable model for bacterial study within filter‐feeding shellfish. Using this model, we demonstrate for the first time the antibacterial activity of Vibrio vulnificus Type 6 secretion systems in vivo, revealing an important role for the T6SS in V. vulnificus ecology.
Changes in Climate and Land Cover Affect Seasonal Streamflow Forecasts in the Rio Grande Headwaters
Authors: Penn Colin A. , Clow David W. , Sexstone Graham A. , Murphy Sheila F.
Published: June 2020

Seasonal streamflow forecast bias, changes in climate, snowpack, and land cover, and the effects of these changes on relations between basin‐wide snowpack, SNOw TELemetry (SNOTEL) station snowpack, and seasonal streamflow were evaluated in the headwaters of the Rio Grande, Colorado. Results indicate that shifts in the seasonality of precipitation and changing climatology are consistent with periods of overprediction and underprediction in streamflow forecasts. Multiple linear regression of SNOTEL data, postcedent precipitation, and land‐cover changes explained 2%–18% more variability in streamflow prediction than using SNOTEL station data alone. Simulated basin‐wide snowpack from a physically based model had significant negative trends in snow water equivalent (−4.33 mm/yr) and snow‐covered area (−0.05%/yr) during the melt period April–June. Simulated streamflow from a precipitation‐runoff model increased an average 5% when the effects of bark beetle‐induced tree mortality were compared to a baseline simulation with static vegetation. The effects of a 2013 wildfire increased simulated seasonal streamflow an average 35% for 1–4 years postfire. The combined effects of climate and land‐cover changes on snowpack‐streamflow relations highlight the difficulty in seasonal streamflow forecasting, which has important implications for water‐resource management.
Cultural models of normalcy and deviancy
Authors: Chentsova‐Dutton Yulia E. , Ryder Andrew G.
Published: June 2020

In this article, we argue that the cultural models approach provides a useful framework for cultural‐clinical psychology. We begin with a brief review of this approach before presenting the distinction between cultural models for normalcy and deviancy. As well, we consider how both normalcy and deviancy can be culturally valorised or devalorised. Given that mental disorders do not always neatly fit with available cultural models, we offer evidence‐based examples of unscripted as well as scripted distress. We conclude by considering key hypothesis‐generating questions and some methodological approaches that could be used to improve and extend the evidence base underpinning the cultural models approach as applied to the study of culture and mental health.
Price‐Setting Behavior of Korean Firms†
Authors: Song SungJu , Yie Myung‐Soo , Park Chang‐Gui
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates a pattern of price revision by firms in Korea and sheds light on the cause of price stickiness by providing reliable statistical estimates for calibration of the parameters of the widely‐used macro‐models. Based on firm‐level survey data and using a probit model, we identify the firm characteristics or market conditions that discourage firms from carrying out state‐dependent price adjustment. We also estimate the factors driving firms to engage in state‐dependent adjustment rather than wait until the next scheduled revision under three different shocks: demand, general cost and exchange rate shocks. We find a few interesting features, as follows. First, price revision by Korean firms tends to be time‐dependent rather than state‐dependent, with a sizable dispersion across sectors and firm sizes. Second, the pattern of price revision in Korea is not significantly different from that in selected advanced economies. Third, the reason why firms favor time‐dependent price adjustments appears to be endogenous, accounted for by a number of market institution variables. Fourth, in response to shocks, Korean firms tend to wait until the next periodically scheduled revision rather than make a state‐dependent price adjustment, unless marginal costs are affected significantly by the shock, and state‐dependent revisions are often significantly delayed when they do occur.
Randomized controlled trial of social cognition and interaction training compared to befriending group
Authors: Dark Frances , Scott James G. , Baker Andrea , Parker Stephen , Gordon Anne , Newman Ellie , Gore‐Jones Victoria , Lim Carmen C. W. , Jones Lyndall , Penn David L.
Published: June 2020

Background

Deficits in social cognition are common in people with schizophrenia and are associated with impaired functioning. Finding effective interventions to address these deficits is a priority. Social Cognition Interaction Training (SCIT) is a psychosocial intervention that has demonstrated acceptability and feasibility in various health care settings. Larger, well‐designed randomized controlled trials are needed to examine the effectiveness of this intervention.

Design

A randomized controlled trial.

Methods

One hundred and twenty adults diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were randomized to receive SCIT (n = 61) or Befriending Therapy (BT) (n = 59). Both intervention groups were delivered weekly for 2 hr over 12 weeks. Neurocognitive assessment was completed at baseline. Participants completed assessments of social cognition, social functioning, and meta‐cognition at baseline, post‐intervention, and 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

There were no clinically significant differences between group outcomes on any measure of social cognition or social functioning. There was a trend for both groups to improve over time but not at a level of statistical significance.

Conclusions

SCIT did not show any additional benefits on measures of social cognition compared to Befriending Therapy for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The findings are discussed in terms of potential improvements to the programme.

Practitioner points

Effective interventions for the social cognitive deficits of schizophrenia spectrum disorders are still being refined.

Social Cognition Interaction Training is a promising therapy but requires further modifications to improve its effectiveness.
Of unbiased beans and slanted stocks: Neutral stimuli reveal the fundamental relation between political ideology and exploratory behaviour
Authors: Ruisch Benjamin C. , Shook Natalie J. , Fazio Russell H.
Published: June 2020

Fiagbenu et al. (2019, British Journal of Psychology) questioned the nature and extent of ideological differences in learning and behaviour documented by Shook and Fazio (2009, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 995). We correct a mischaracterization in their depiction of Shook & Fazio’s research, and in doing so, we outline why the original findings represent domain‐general ideological differences in attitude‐formation processes, rather than simple differences in responses to physical threat. We also report new data that suggest a potential mechanism for the authors’ findings and further highlight the importance of novel, ideologically neutral stimuli when examining fundamental psychological differences between liberals and conservatives.
Primary cutaneous synovial sarcoma—Sometimes the hoof beats are zebras
Authors: Sharma Anurag , Ko Jennifer Susan , Billings Steven D.
Published: June 2020

Synovial sarcoma accounts for 5% to 10% of soft tissue sarcoma and it typically presents as a deep soft tissue mass. Primary cutaneous presentation is exceptionally rare, with only isolated case reports. We report a case of primary cutaneous synovial sarcoma in a 58‐year‐old woman that presented as a nodule involving the left occipital scalp. A complete radiologic evaluation of the patient failed to reveal any other mass lesion. Histologic sections showed a densely cellular, diffuse spindle cell proliferation within the subcutis. The lesion was composed of uniform, plump spindled cells with nuclei and vesicular chromatin, arranged in haphazard fascicles. There was admixed hemorrhage and a hemangiopericytoma‐like vasculature. Immunohistochemically, the spindled cells showed focal strong positivity for cytokeratin (CK) OSCAR, CK5/6, CK34BE12, and pan‐CK. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was positive for a rearrangement of SYT (SS18), confirming the diagnosis of monophasic synovial sarcoma. Synovial sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of monomorphous spindle cell tumors, especially if the tumors have a hemangiopericytoma‐like vasculature or express keratins. In such cases, confirmatory molecular testing should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
PAS and GMS utility in dermatopathology: Review of the current medical literature
Authors: Shalin Sara C. , Ferringer Tammie , Cassarino David S.
Published: June 2020

The American Society of Dermatopathology has established an Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) Committee with the intention of establishing evidence‐based recommendations regarding the appropriateness of various ancillary tests commonly utilized by dermatopathologists. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Grocott (or Gomori) methenamine silver (GMS) stains represent some of the most commonly employed ancillary tests in dermatopathology. The utility of these tests was targeted for evaluation by the AUC. This literature review represents a comprehensive evaluation of available evidence for the utility of PAS and/or GMS staining of skin and nail biopsies. In concert with expert opinion, these data will be incorporated into future recommendations by the AUC for PAS and GMS staining in routine dermatopathology practice.
Outsourcing under Competition and Scale Economies: When to Choose a Competitor as a Supplier
Authors: Heese Hans Sebastian , Kemahlıoğlu‐Ziya Eda , Perdikaki Olga
Published: June 2020

In highly competitive industries, many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) increasingly outsource production to reduce costs. We study an OEM's outsourcing decision between a third‐party supplier and a vertically integrated firm that manufactures in house and competes with the OEM in the consumer market (i.e., an integrated competitor). Our setting explicitly considers two important aspects of the sourcing decision. First, we capture the competition between the two sourcing alternatives through interdependent repeated bilateral wholesale‐price negotiations in which the negotiating parties' disagreement payoffs are endogenous. Specifically, in the negotiation between the OEM and either supplier, the negotiating parties' disagreement payoffs are given by the profits that would result if the OEM sourced from the other supplier. Second, we capture the economies of scale involved with production in that either supplier derives positive externalities from increasing his total production quantity. We show that, for given wholesale prices—counter to intuition—it is not optimal for the OEM to always choose the supplier offering the lower wholesale price. In the absence of either competition or economies of scale, the OEM always simply prefers the source with the lower wholesale price. However, in the presence of both economies of scale and competition in the focal market, the OEM may be better off sourcing from the third‐party supplier even at a higher wholesale price. When equilibrium wholesale prices are determined through simultaneous bilateral negotiations between the OEM and the two potential suppliers, sourcing from the integrated competitor might be more profitable when scale economies are strong and competition is weak. We investigate the robustness of our findings and find that our structural results continue to hold for several model relaxations and extensions. We also show that in the absence of restrictive capacity constraints, the OEM always prefers sourcing exclusively from one of the suppliers to dual sourcing. Our findings demonstrate the importance for managers to account for both the extent of scale economies and the competitive dynamics in the consumer market when deciding their supply mode.
Lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia with insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus glargine 100 U/mL in participants with type 1 diabetes: A meta‐analysis of 6‐month phase 3 clinical trials
Authors: Danne Thomas , Matsuhisa Munehide , Sussebach Christian , Goyeau Harmonie , Lauand Felipe , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Bolli Geremia B.
Published: June 2020

Severe hypoglycaemia (SH) remains a challenge to people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and new‐generation basal insulins may improve patient outcomes. This post hoc meta‐analysis explored the risk of SH with insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) versus glargine 100 U/mL (Gla‐100) in a pooled population with T1DM from three randomized, multicentre, 6‐month similarly designed phase 3 trials: EDITION 4, EDITION JP 1 and EDITION JUNIOR. Endpoints included incidence and time to first occurrence of SH. Among 629 and 626 participants randomized to Gla‐300 and Gla‐100, respectively, glycated haemoglobin reductions were similar. Fewer participants experienced ≥1 SH event with Gla‐300 (6.2%) than with Gla‐100 (9.3%). From baseline to month 6, the risk of a first SH event was lower with Gla‐300: hazard ratio 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.98; stratified log‐rank test P = 0.038]. SH event rates were numerically lower with Gla‐300 versus Gla‐100 from baseline to month 6 [relative risk (RR) 0.80 (95% CI 0.49–1.29); P = 0.356] and baseline to week 8 [RR 0.73 (95% CI 0.37–1.44); P = 0.369]. Thus, Gla‐300 demonstrated similar glycaemic control with lower risk of SH versus Gla‐100, particularly during the titration period.
Determining Optimal Skillsets for Business Managers Based on Local and Global Job Markets: A Text Analytics Approach
Authors: Nasir Murtaza , Dag Ali , Young William A. , Delen Dursun
Published: June 2020

We are experiencing a significant shift in management practices—moving from intuition, experience, and gut‐feeling driven decision‐making to one that is driven by data, evidence, and computational sciences. This shift, which is often called theanalytics revolution, is not only changing the business landscape from a practical perspective but also redefining the white‐collar job market. The goal of this study is to employ a data‐ and analytics‐driven approach to analyze a large and feature‐rich dataset (which is composed of the recent job postings and the extant published literature) to characterize the state of the current business job market, especially to magnify the analytics related features and expectations including the geographic (i.e., local vs. global) differentiators. Using several graphical and tabular representations, in this paper we report on our thought‐provoking findings that collectively illustrate the changing face of knowledge, skills, and abilities required by the current local and global business job markets.
Best Practices in Family Life Education Programming for Midlife and Older Adults
Authors: Benson Jacquelyn J. , Donehower Allison K.
Published: June 2020

Due to dramatic changes in the U.S. population's aging demographic, family life educators have begun offering more programming for midlife and older adults. This shift began in the early 1990s, after several family scholars and practicing professionals urged the National Council of Family Relations to revise its Framework for Life Span Family Life Education to include “later adulthood” as a fourth age‐group categorization. Since this revision, family life educators and family scholars alike have gradually expanded their programming and scholarship efforts to address the challenges and concerns associated with midlife and older adulthood. In this article, we review best practices in family life education (FLE) programming for midlife and older adults, including programming needs, program design preferences, and contextual variation. To conclude, we suggest future directions for research on best practices in FLE for midlife and older audiences and recommend using the life course perspective as a complement to the Framework when planning and designing FLE programming to meet the needs of the heterogeneous aging population.
From conifers to cognition: Microbes, brain and behavior
Authors: Lathe Richard , St. Clair David
Published: June 2020

A diversity of bacteria, protozoans and viruses (“endozoites”) were recently uncovered within healthy tissues including the human brain. By contrast, it was already recognized a century ago that healthy plants tissues contain abundant endogenous microbes (“endophytes”). Taking endophytes as an informative precedent, we overview the nature, prevalence, and role of endozoites in mammalian tissues, centrally focusing on the brain, concluding that endozoites are ubiquitous in diverse tissues. These passengers often remain subclinical, but they are not silent. We address their routes of entry, mechanisms of persistence, tissue specificity, and potential to cause long‐term behavioral changes and/or immunosuppression in mammals, where rabies virus is the exemplar. We extend the discussion to Herpesviridae, Coronaviridae, and Toxoplasma, as well as to diverse bacteria and yeasts, and debate the advantages and disadvantages that endozoite infection might afford to the host and to the ecosystem. We provide a clinical perspective in which endozoites are implicated in neurodegenerative disease, anxiety/depression, and schizophrenia. We conclude that endozoites are instrumental in the delicate balance between health and disease, including age‐related brain disease, and that endozoites have played an important role in the evolution of brain function and human behavior.
Comparison of maize, permanent cup plant and a perennial grass mixture with regard to soil and water protection
Authors: Grunwald Dennis , Panten Kerstin , Schwarz Andreas , Bischoff Wolf‐Anno , Schittenhelm Siegfried
Published: June 2020

Agricultural production of biogas maize (Zea mays L.) causes hazards to aquatic ecosystems through high levels of nitrogen (N) inputs. Newly introduced and already established perennial crops such as the cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) and perennial grass mixtures offer the possibility of more environmentally friendly agricultural bioenergy production. The objectives of this field study were to quantify and compare soil mineral N, water infiltration, water runoff, soil erosion and N leaching under maize, permanent cup plant, and a perennial grass mixture. The study was conducted from October 2016 to March 2019 in Braunschweig, Germany. Plots with cup plant and grass mixture exhibited lower mineral N contents than maize, especially between 30 and 90 cm soil depth. Soil water infiltration was significantly different between the three crops. The grass mixture had the highest infiltration rates (6.2 mm/min averaged across 3 years), followed by cup plant (3.6 mm/min) and maize (0.9 mm/min). During wet periods, higher N leaching was found for maize (up to 42 kg N ha−1 year−1) than for cup plant (up to 5 kg N ha−1 year−1) or the grass mixture (up to 11 kg N ha−1 year−1). While runoff and erosion for cup plant and the grass mixture were negligible during the study period, considerable amounts of runoff water and eroded sediment of up to 1.5 Mg ha−1 year−1 were collected from the maize plots despite the near flat terrain of the experimental field. Overall, permanent cup plant proved suitable as a component for energy cropping systems to reduce the risk of N leaching and soil erosion, which is particularly important for the preventive flood protection in view of the more frequent occurrence of high intensity rainfall under climate change conditions.
“No queers out there”? Metronormativity and the queer suburban
Authors: Podmore Julie A. , Bain Alison L.
Published: June 2020

Despite past projects to “decentre” metronormativity—a societal bias toward queer urban imaginings—in geographical scholarship, attention to suburbia has been limited due, in part, to reliance upon, and reinforcement of, an urban–rural binary that disqualifies the metropolitan periphery. This paper unpacks this binary by reviewing key themes at the intersections of the queer and suburban within the subfields of geographies of sexualities and queer geographies. It begins by outlining the American metronormativities critique and evaluating the claim that the “non‐metropolitan” should be the primary arena for unsettling the queer urban. Four key themes from the Anglo‐American‐Australian literature on the queer suburban are then surveyed: suburbanization processes, suburban relocations, suburban “ways of life,” and suburban home‐making. Having evaluated the current state of the subfield, the paper concludes by pointing to the possibilities of the queer suburban for future urban geography and geographies of LGBTQ+ sexualities scholarship.
Against what model? Evaluating women as leaders in the pandemic era
Authors: Vroman Susan R. , Danko Tiffany
Published: June 2020

Women at work have long accepted how societal norms and cultural expectations impacted their at‐work behaviour. Despite the fact that no one model has ever universally established a benchmark for women’s leadership, women attempted to become what they perceived others wanted them to be. Between aspiring to achieve ideal worker status and enacting a style somewhere between the stereotypical connotations of agentic and communal behaviours, women leaders expended a great deal of emotional labour to find the perfect balance. Today, the COVID‐19 pandemic has created a new, potentially untenable, challenge: to identify what working women are evaluated against to achieve excellence. This article shares a perspective of how women leaders have been evaluated during tumultuous times using historical research and examples. Based upon our findings, it appears that the communal leadership style most women are thought to naturally display may be an advantage.
Histopathological analysis of autoimmune hepatitis with “acute” presentation: Differentiation from drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Tsutsui Akemi , Harada Kenichi , Tsuneyama Koichi , Nguyen Canh Hiep , Ando Midori , Nakamura Satoko , Mizobuchi Koichi , Baba Nobuyuki , Senoh Tomonori , Nagano Takuya , Shibata Hiroshi , Aoki Tomoko , Takaguchi Koichi
Published: June 2020

Aim

Presently, no standardized definition or acceptable diagnostic criteria have been established for acute presentation of autoimmune hepatitis (AP‐AIH), making it difficult to differentiate that condition from drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). This study aimed to characterize clinical and histological features for distinguishing between AP‐AIH and DILI.

Methods

Clinical, biochemical, and histological characteristics of AP‐AIH and DILI in clinically well‐characterized cases were compared in a standardized manner to clarify differences.

Results

In clinical evaluations, immunoglobulin G level and rate of anti‐nuclear antibody positivity were greater in AP‐AIH than DILI cases. As for diagnosis of each condition, significant (P < 0.01) differences were found for 10 features: lobular necrosis/inflammation, cobblestone appearance of hepatocytes, plasma cell infiltration in liver parenchyma, centrilobular fibrosis, hepatic rosette formation in areas with cobblestone appearance, portal inflammation, interface hepatitis, prominent plasma cells in portal areas, bile duct injury, and hepatic rosette formation in periportal areas. The area under the curve and cut‐off values for the combination of these 10 features were 0.95 and 9 (sensitivity 86%, specificity 90%), respectively.

Conclusion

Combinations of histological features were found to be helpful for differentiating AP‐AIH from DILI, but we were not able to statistically identify an individual feature as definitive.
KOSELLECK ON MODERNITY, HISTORIK, AND LAYERS OF TIME
Authors: HELLERMA JUHAN
Published: June 2020

In the scholarly reception of his work, Reinhart Koselleck's notion of modernity and his theory of multiple times have been cast as essentially at odds with each other. This article argues that although these positions are valid, Koselleck's writings can also accommodate an interpretation according to which the theory of multiple temporalities, or “layers of time,” provides theoretical ground for the modern understanding of time and history. Elaborating on this insight, the article shows the linkages sustaining the unity between Koselleck's formal theory of multiple times and his interpretation of modernity. To that end, I outline the main premises of the temporalization thesis that lies at the heart of Koselleck's theory of modernity, scrutinize his notion of Historik within which the framework “layers of time” belongs, and explore Niklas Olsen's and Helge Jordheim's interpretive accounts on how to conceive of the relationship between the two strands in Koselleck's thought. Ultimately, I argue that “layers of time” entails the formal conditions for historical acceleration, which is crucial for explaining the emergence of a specifically modern temporality wherein experience and expectation increasingly grow apart.
BLOOD FOR THE GHOSTS: READING RUIN'S BEING WITH THE DEAD WITH NIETZSCHE
Authors: Babich Babette
Published: June 2020

A focus on roots, localizations, usurpations, and obliterations together with commemoration and different fields of scholarly research, along with a thematic focus on Homer's Nykia, permit Hans Ruin to revisit the foundations of history in Being with the Dead. Ruin draws on cultural sociology, including the work of Alfred Schütz, as well as Heideggerian historicity and the dead of the distant past, including archaeology and ethnography, paleography and physical anthropology. Ruin also engages Michel de Certeau's Writing of History and its focus on the other in a necropolitical account tracked through interdisciplinary fields. In my reading I supplement Ruin's critical focus on Homer scholarship beyond the twentieth century with a return to Nietzsche's nineteenth‐century emphasis on the “blood” needed to bring the voices of the past to speak in his own reading of Homer. To do this, I note the dead‐silenced (“zombie”) scholarship haunting Nietzsche's voice in his field of classical philology in addition to Nietzsche's source scholarship and his hermeneutic methodology of historiographical research for the sake of ethnography, archaeology, and Nietzsche's lectures on pre‐Platonic philosophy.
Facile synthesis of tubular magnetic carbon nanofibers by hypercrosslinked polymer design for microwave adsorption
Authors: Wang Jiqi , Wu Fei , Cui Yuhong , Chen Junjie , Zhang Aibo , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Baoliang
Published: June 2020

In this study, a simple and efficient method for fabrication of tubular magnetic carbon nanofibers (TMCF) has been developed. Firstly, tubular polymer nanofiber precursors are synthesized by confined self‐condensation method. After carbonization of polymer and in situ transformation of FeCl3 at high temperature, TMCF loaded with Fe nanoparticles is obtained. It has been found that carbonization temperature has significant effects on conductivity, specific surface area, pore volume, defects number in carbon component, and magnetic content of TMCF. The influence of composition, structure, and filler content on microwave absorption properties is revealed. Meanwhile, the microwave absorption mechanism has been analyzed in depth, which benefits from the designed unique structure. The TMCF obtained at 700°C exhibited best performance with the filler content of 15%. The minimum reflection loss is −47.33 dB@2.2 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth is 6.5 GHz (RL < 10 dB), and the matching frequency is 14.1 GHz. The obtained TMCF is lightweight and possess excellent microwave absorption ability, which can be widely used as highly efficient microwave absorber.