bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute ischemic stroke and convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage in large vessel atherosclerotic stenosis: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Safan Abeer Sabry , Imam Yahia , Akhtar Naveed , Al‐Taweel Haya , Zakaria Ayman , Quateen Aiman , Own Ahmed , Kamran Saadat
Published: June 2022

Atraumatic convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH) is a rare non‐aneurysmal SAH, commonly due to ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. It is unusual for the cSAH to occur contralaterally to the infarct. We report two cases of acute ischemic stroke associated with contralateral and ipsilateral cSAH that had different presentations.
A case of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome following drug‐induced acute interstitial nephritis
Authors: Kitamura Yukiko , Kuraoka Shohei , Nagano Koji , Tamura Hiroshi
Published: June 2022

Distinguishing between late‐onset TINU syndrome and drug‐induced AIN remains difficult given that patients with TINU syndrome may develop uveitis long after the onset of AIN. Therefore, ophthalmic examination is required not only upon diagnosis but also continuously or when eye symptoms and relapse of urinary findings are observed.
Successful resection of gastric cancer arising from a heterotopic gastric gland in the submucosa by endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Inokuchi Yasuhiro , Washimi Kota , Watanabe Mamoru , Hayashi Kei , Kaneta Yoshihiro , Furuta Mitsuhiro , Machida Nozomu , Maeda Shin
Published: June 2022

Heterotopic gastric gland (HGG)‐originating early gastric cancer was endoscopically resected. We resected the HGG, widely marked the perimeter outside the submucosal tumor‐like area, injected from outside the markings into the submucosa, dissected the muscular layer, and used fine‐tip hood. HGG removal and ensuring negative horizontal and vertical margins are critical.
Expanding the phenotype of the recurrent truncating eIF2γ pathogenic variant p.(Ile465Serfs*4) identified in two brothers with MEHMO syndrome
Authors: Ygberg Sofia , Lindstrand Anna
Published: June 2022

We describe two brothers with a recurrent truncating EIF2S3 variant and MEHMO (Mental retardation, Epileptic seizures, Hypogonadism and ‐genitalism, Microcephaly, Obesity). Both had the previously described facial dysmorphic features, microcephaly, developmental impairment, hypoglycemia, hypothyreosis, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, hypertonus, obesity, and micropenis. Additionally, we describe hypothermia and reduced umbilical blood flow.
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Zilbermint Mihail , Demidowich Andrew P.
Published: June 2022

Primary adrenal insufficiency is a potentially life‐threatening condition. We report a case of a 49‐year‐old female patient who presented to the hospital for evaluation of dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Darkening of the palmar creases and tongue was noted. The adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test confirmed the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.
The Impact of Support Material of Cobalt‐Based Catalysts Prepared by Double Flame Spray Pyrolysis on CO2 Methanation Dynamics
Authors: Gäßler Max , Stahl Jakob , Schowalter Marco , Pokhrel Suman , Rosenauer Andreas , Mädler Lutz , Güttel Robert
Published: June 2022

Methanation is capable of chemical storage of fluctuating renewable energy, which requires fundamental understanding of the dynamics of the kinetic processes taking place on the catalyst surface. In order to elucidate the impact of the catalyst support on the dynamics, Co‐based model catalysts were synthesized via double flame spray pyrolysis (DFSP) differing only in the support materials. In particular, Co nanoparticles of identical particle size distributions are supported on SiO2, TiO2 and SiO2‐TiO2 mixtures by independent formation of the support and the active metal by means of DFSP. The transient catalyst behavior was studied by step changes of the feed gas composition and the analysis of the reactor response with high temporal resolution, according to the periodic transient kinetics method. It was revealed that H2O adsorption strongly depends on the support with increasing sorption capacity from SiO2, via SiO2‐TiO2 to TiO2. The storage of H2O on the support induces a sorption‐enhancement effect and thereby promotes the transient CH4 formation rate for Co/TiO2 catalysts. Transient experiments before and after a steady‐state operation period under CO2 methanation reveal an unchanging reaction mechanism, while changes in selectivity towards CH4 and CO are observed together with a certain degree of deactivation. Hence, the support material was identified to play a major role in activity, selectivity and deactivation behavior for supported Co catalysts in CO2 methanation.
A Highly Stretchable and Self‐Healing Composite Binder Based on the Hydrogen‐Bond Network for Silicon Anodes in High‐Energy‐Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Peng , Lai Pengyuan , Huang Yiwu , Yuan Yuan , Wen Jianwu , Xie Changqiong , Li Jing , Liu Lili
Published: June 2022

Owing to its large theoretical capacity, silicon (Si)‐based materials are considered the most promising anode materials for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. However, the inherent huge volume change of silicon particles causes degradation of structural integrity and the rapid decay of electrode capacity, which severely restricts the practical application of Si‐based anodes. To alleviate the volume expansion, a novel self‐healing polymer binder based on the hydrogen bond complexation between polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethylene glycol (PEO) was prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly method. The PAA‐PEO composites binder can effectively improve the bulk effect of silicon and produce a more stable solid‐liquid interface film during long‐term cycling. The reversible specific capacity of the silicon anode using composite binder after 200 cycles at 0.5 C high current density is 870 mAh/g, which is 4.5 times higher than the remaining specific capacity of silicon anode using PAA as a binder.
Using scientific machine learning to develop universal differential equation for multicomponent adsorption separation systems
Authors: B. R. Nogueira Idelfonso , V. Santana Vinicius , Ribeiro Ana M. , Rodrigues Alírio E.
Published: June 2022

Universal differential equations are a concept in scientific machine learning that leverages the potential of the universal approximator theorem and the physical knowledge of a given system. Creating this level of hybridization within a stiff partial differential equation system is a challenge. On the other hand, adsorption phenomenological models have sink/source terms that describe the adsorption equilibrium through a well‐known simplified model (e.g., Langmuir; Sips; and Brunauer, Emmet, Teller [BET]). These suitable mechanistic assumptions are identified through experiments, providing the parameters of the sink/source model. However, these mechanistic assumptions are a simplification of the system phenomenology. Therefore, the resulting model is limited by its premises. In this scenario, the universal ordinary differential equations (UODE) is presented as an approach that conciliates the potential of artificial neural networks to learn given phenomena without conceptual simplifications. On the other hand, keeping into consideration the system physics. This work proposes a UODE system to solve the multicomponent separation by adsorption in a fixed bed column. Experimental data is used to identify the hybrid model. The required amount of data used in the model identification demonstrates that hybrid models can use a few data points to precisely describe the system. Furthermore, the obtained model can describe competitive adsorption with higher precision than the Langmuir model.
The influence of different zeolitic supports on hydrogen production and waste degradation
Authors: Subtil Gimerson Weigert , Vicentini Jean César Marinozi , de Oliveira Daiane Marques , de Castro‐Hoshino Lidiane Vizioli , Yassue‐Cordeiro Patricia Hissae , Vicentino Renata Corrêa , Scaliante Mara Heloisa Neves Olsen
Published: June 2022

The photocatalyst composition affects the chemical–physical properties and directly impacts photocatalytic activity, both in the hydrogen production and degradation of organic contaminants. In this work, the influence of zeolitic structures NaA, NaY, and ZSM‐5 combined with a 10% active phase, TiO2 catalyst doped with 1% copper, and cobalt cocatalysts was tested to mineralize the reactive blue dye (CI250) and to produce hydrogen by photocatalysis under ultraviolet radiation. The band gap energy was affected mainly by the cocatalyst, while the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method (BET) area was affected by the zeolite structure as well as the X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The most active catalyst was the Cu@TiO2/NaY, which promoted a hydrogen production rate of 240 μmolH2gcat−1 using 10% ethanol (v/v) aqueous solution as a sacrificial agent and mineralization of 53% of the organic dye, followed by the catalysts impregnated on ZSM‐5 zeolites, which had discolouration up to 50% and hydrogen evolution of 92.6 and 109.7 μmolH2gcat−1 for the catalyst doped with Cu and Co, respectively.
Reducing bias due to misclassified exposures using instrumental variables
Authors: Manuel Christopher , Sinha Samiran , Wang Suojin
Published: June 2022

Exposures are often misclassified in observational studies. Any analysis that does not make proper adjustments for misclassification may result in biased estimates of model parameters, resulting in distorted inference. Settings where a multicategory exposure variable has more than two nominal categories or where no validation data are available to assess misclassification probabilities are common in practice but seldom considered in the literature. This article presents a novel method of analyzing cohort data with a misclassified, multicategory exposure variable and a binary response variable that uses instrumental variables in lieu of a validation dataset. First, a sufficient condition is obtained for model identifiability. Then, methods for model estimation and inference are proposed after adopting a sufficient condition for identifiability. We consider a variational Bayesian inference procedure aided by automatic differentiation along with Markov chain Monte Carlo‐based computation. Operating characteristics of the proposed methods are assessed through simulation studies. For the purpose of illustration, the proposed Bayesian methods are applied to the U.S. breast cancer mortality data sampled from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database, where reported treatment therapy is the misclassified multicategory exposure variable.
5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and Furfural Chemistry Toward Biobased Surfactants
Authors: Yue Xiaoyang , Queneau Yves
Published: June 2022

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Yves Queneau at the University of Lyon. The cover image shows superb natural architectures with spherical symmetrical shapes evoking that of organized systems, micelles, and bubbles symbolizing creativity and imagination in the molecular design of biobased surfactants. The Review highlights the emerging use of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and other biobased furans as scaffolds toward novel amphiphiles. The Review itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202102660.
A capacitor based single source MLI with natural balancing and less component for EV/HEV application
Authors: Aditya Kancharapu , Suresh Yellasiri , Shiva Naik Banavath , Nageswar Rao Bhukya , Panda A. K.
Published: June 2022

Due to their remarkable performance, capacitor‐based inverters have recently gained attention. Hence, a new capacitor‐based multilevel inverter is presented in this paper for electric and hybrid electric vehicle (EV and HEV) applications. EV systems are quite well for their use of two‐level inverters; however, the generated load voltage comprises substantial undesirable harmonic content. It is regarded as one of the most efficient methods since replacing a two‐level inverter with a multilevel inverter improves the power quality despite significantly reducing total harmonic distortion. Therefore, the recommended filter dimension will also be minimized. A flurry of reliability concerns has arisen due to the increased number of devices, circuit complexity, and stress on the circuit devices. A nine‐level voltage waveform is created with only ten IGBTs, a DC‐Source, and two capacitors. In the proposed nine‐level inverter, the capacitor voltage is balanced utilizing a simple control approach to regulate the flying capacitor (FC) voltages actively. Here described a simple logic gate‐based pulse‐width modulation technique that ensures capacitor power balancing. The proposed inverter operation and capability are validated by experimental results derived from a laboratory prototype. Finally, by contrasting the new and standard inverter topologies, the virtues of the suggested architecture by the number of devices and price of the equipment are highlighted, and it is a simpler structure that requires less space and footprint area.
Projection‐based throughput enhancement for 3D geographic routing technique in multi‐hop wireless networks
Authors: Begum Afruza , Anwar Hussain Md
Published: June 2022

Efficient geographic routing techniques in multi‐hop wireless networks are popular and attractive for their effective routing mechanism; here, for routing, the location information is used instead of topology information. In recent years, most of the proposed position‐based routing protocols have been designed for 2D space, but in real‐life scenarios, the nodes are usually deployed in 3D space. Working with 3D space is more complicated than with 2D space. Enhancement of the end‐to‐end throughput while reducing the energy consumption and the end‐to‐end delay is the primary consideration for designing routing protocols in a 3D geographical multi‐hop wireless network. This paper proposes a projection‐based routing technique, where routes obtained in 3D multi‐hop wireless networks are projected on 2D planes and on the reference line (RL). The main goal of this study is to simplify the operational difficulties in 3D space and performance enhancement of the network in terms of throughput, energy consumption and delay. The proposed technique presents the various projection methods for the routes obtained in 3D space. The projections are made on (i) the RL joining source to destination; (ii) the planes
,
and
; and (iii) a particular 3D plane. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated through simulation, considering the network parameters, end‐to‐end delay, throughput and energy consumption.
Trauma exposure and eating disorders: Results from a United States nationally representative sample
Authors: Convertino Alexandra D. , Morland Leslie A. , Blashill Aaron J.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Sexual assault, child abuse, and combat have been linked to eating disorders (EDs). However, noninterpersonal trauma is relatively understudied, and therefore it is unknown whether noninterpersonal trauma is associated with EDs. Furthermore, most previous studies do not account for multiple trauma exposures, or the relative association of traumatic events with EDs in the same statistical model.

Method

Multinomial regression was used to examine the association of lifetime ED diagnosis (anorexia nervosa [AN], bulimia nervosa [BN], binge eating disorder [BED]) with trauma type (sexual interpersonal, other interpersonal, war/combat, and noninterpersonal) in a nationally representative dataset of US adults in bivariate and multivariable (i.e., with all trauma types) models.

Results

Sexual interpersonal trauma was significantly positively associated with AN and BED in bivariate and multivariable models. In the multivariable model, only BED was found to be equally associated with sexual interpersonal, other interpersonal, and noninterpersonal trauma.

Discussion

These results indicate a strong positive association between sexual trauma and EDs, even when controlling for experiences of other trauma events. Future research should examine longitudinal mediators between trauma and EDs, especially sexual trauma, to identify what factors may explain this relationship.

Public significance statement

Individuals with eating disorders often experience traumatic events but it is unclear whether specific trauma types are more or less common in this population. This study found that only events such as rape and sexual assault are associated with anorexia nervosa, but that most trauma types are associated with binge eating disorder. Therefore, the relationship between trauma and binge eating disorder may function differently than other eating disorders.
Assessing runoff and erosion on woodland‐encroached sagebrush steppe using the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model
Authors: Williams C. Jason , Pierson Frederick B. , Al‐Hamdan Osama Z. , Nouwakpo S. Kossi , Johnson Justin C. , Polyakov Viktor O. , Kormos Patrick R. , Shaff Scott E. , Spaeth Kenneth E.
Published: June 2022

The transition of sagebrush‐dominated (Artemisia spp.) shrublands to pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands markedly alters resource‐conserving vegetation structure typical of these landscapes. Land managers and scientists in the western United States need knowledge and predictive tools for assessment and effective targeting of tree‐removal treatments to conserve or restore sagebrush vegetation and associated hydrologic function. This study developed modeling approaches to quantify the hydrologic vulnerability and erosion potential of sagebrush rangelands in the later stages of woodland encroachment and in response to commonly applied tree‐removal treatments. Using experimental data from multiple sites in the Great Basin Region, USA, and process‐based knowledge from decade‐long vegetation and rainfall simulation studies at those sites, we (1) assessed the capability of the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) to accurately predict patch‐scale (12 m2) measured runoff and erosion from tree canopy and intercanopy hydrologic functional units in untreated and burned woodlands 9 years postfire, and (2) developed and evaluated multiple RHEM approaches/frameworks to model aggregated effects of tree canopy and intercanopy areas on patch‐ and hillslope‐scale (50 m length) runoff and erosion processes in untreated and treated (burned, cut, and masticated) woodlands. The RHEM accurately predicted measured runoff and sediment yield from patch‐scale rainfall simulations as partitioned on untreated and treated tree canopy and intercanopy areas and effectively parameterized the dominant controls on runoff and erosion process in woodlands. With few exceptions, evaluated hillslope‐scale RHEM frameworks similarly predicted reduced hydrologic vulnerability and erosion potential for conditions 9 years following tree removal by burning, cutting, and mastication treatments. Regressions of RHEM‐predicted hillslope runoff, sediment, and hydraulic/erosion parameters with bare ground and ground cover attributes indicate all RHEM frameworks effectively represented the dominant controls on hydrologic and erosion processes for rangelands and woodlands. The results provide RHEM frameworks and recommendations for assessing hydrologic vulnerability and erosion potential on woodland‐encroached sites and predicting the effectiveness of tree removal to reestablish a water and soil resource‐conserving vegetation structure on sagebrush rangelands. We anticipate our RHEM or similar modeling approaches may be applicable to analogous water‐limited landscapes elsewhere subject to woody plant encroachment.
Delayed fire mortality has long‐term ecological effects across the Southern Appalachian landscape
Authors: Robbins Zachary J. , Loudermilk E. Louise , Reilly Matthew J. , O'Brien Joseph J. , Jones Kate , Gerstle Christopher T. , Scheller Robert M.
Published: June 2022

Fire is a critical ecological process to the forests of the Southern Appalachians. Where fire was excluded from forest types that historically burned frequently, unanticipated changes can occur when fire is reintroduced. For example, the development of new fuel characteristics can change the patterns of fire mortality and associated ecological responses. To test the fire effects of delayed fire mortality (mortality initiated by fire that occurs subsequent to the fire year) in the Southern Appalachians, USA, we developed a fire‐effects model using both field studies and remote sensing. We then simulated these effects at a landscape scale to estimate broader ecological effects. Fire‐effects models that accounted for delayed mortality increased landscape biomass removed annually (~23%) and increased the number of sites with high light conditions (leaf area index < 4) when compared to simulations that only account for immediate mortality. While delayed mortality occurred across species and age classes, it was especially prevalent among older trees (>100 years old) and fire‐resistant species (Quercus spp.). Overall, regeneration (trees <20 years old) changed very little, even with the inclusion of delayed mortality. This evidence suggests that, even when accounting for delayed mortality, individual fires are unlikely to shift the landscape composition toward the conditions of forests prior to fire exclusion and may even increase mesophication long term due to the loss of overstory dominant xeric trees.
Long‐term drought aggravates instability of alpine grassland productivity to extreme climatic event
Authors: He Yun L. , Wang Jin S. , Tian Da S. , Quan Quan , Jiang Lin , Ma Fang F. , Yang Lu , Zhang Fang Y. , Zhou Qing P. , Niu Shu L.
Published: June 2022

The frequency and severity of extreme weather events are increasing and expected to increase more in the future, together with global change. However, how extreme events and global change factors interactively influence community structures and ecosystem processes is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the responses of the temporal stability and resilience of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of an alpine meadow to an extreme flooding event under different treatments of experimental drought and clipping. We found that ecosystems that were exposed to drought treatments for 3 years significantly decreased the temporal stability of community productivity but increased resilience to flooding, whereas their resistance to or recovery from flooding did not change. Neither clipping nor its interaction with drought altered the responses of these community stability metrics to flooding. Drought treatments significantly decreased plant species richness and asynchrony and dominant species stability, leading to a decrease in temporal stability and an increase in resilience in response to the extreme flooding event. The study also revealed that the change in species asynchrony was the dominant impact pathway determining the responses of resilience and temporal stability to flooding. Our results highlight that alpine grassland that experiences a multiyear drought may aggravate the instability of community productivity to extreme climatic events by reducing species asynchrony.
Concept, analysis, and test of a self‐centering viscous damper with displacement capacity enhancement
Authors: Li Jinping , Wu Bin , Wang Zhen , Yang Haowen , Xu Guoshan
Published: June 2022

Resilience of civil engineering structures is getting more and more attention from experts as well as public. Residual deformation has been used as an important index to measure the resilience of structures subjected to earthquakes. A self‐centering viscous damper (SCVD) is proposed with prestressed steel strand as recentering element and viscous oil to dissipate energy. A hydraulic mechanism for displacement capacity enhancement is designed to resolve the problem of insufficient deformation capacity of the recentering steel strands. The working principle, numerical modeling, specimen design, and cyclic tests of the SCVD are described in detail. A real‐time hybrid test of a structure incorporating the SCVD validates the excellent effect of the SCVD on the seismic residual deformation of the structure.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of gully erosion in anthropogenically modified forest and forest‐steppe landscapes of the European part of Russia
Authors: Yermolaev Oleg , Medvedeva Regina , Poesen Jean
Published: June 2022

Gully erosion is a major soil degradation process on arable land. Therefore, it is important to better understand the spatial and temporal patterns of this linear erosion process, considering the impacts of land use and climate change. The main objective of this study was to analyse the spatial and temporal patterns of permanent gully development in a study area of 123 300 km2 located in the eastern periphery of the European boreal zone (southern taiga, mixed and deciduous forests and forest‐steppe). In this study, visual interpretation of remote sensing data is used to detect changes in permanent gully channel length and density for each river basin between 1950/1970 and 2017/2021. Currently, 22 688 permanent gullies have been identified in the study area, their average length being 64 m, with the total gully network length reaching 1450.3 km. The average density of the gully network for 2017/2021 is 16 m km−2; the maximum value reaching 471 m km−2. During the period under study (c. 50 years), there was a widespread reduction in gully density by 184 m km−2 on average (i.e. from 100–500 m km−2 in 1950/1970 to <10 m km−2 in 2017/2021). Linear and areal channel changes were determined for 304 active gullies over the 2009/2016 period. The average linear gully growth rate during this period is 0.6 m year−1, whereas the areal growth rate is 28 m2 year−1. There is a clear reduction of gully erosion in the study area. Analysis of the gully network density in relation to land use changes (i.e. cultivated, forest and pasture area) did not reveal any significant relationship. It is concluded that the reduction of gully density in the study area is caused by the natural evolution of these linear erosion forms and their transformation into balkas (i.e. small, dry, flat‐bottomed valleys).
Evaluation of sensory and safety quality characteristics of “high mountain tea”
Authors: Wang Cong‐ming , Du Xiao , Nie Cong‐ning , Zhang Xiang , Tan Xiao‐qin , Li Qian
Published: June 2022

High mountain tea (HT) is widely acknowledged as an essential resource of high‐quality tea due to its adaptation to superior ecological environments. In this study, the sensory (aroma and taste) and safety (heavy metals and pesticide residues) characteristics of HT were characterized through sensory evaluation, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), flavor activity value, and risk factor analysis. The results elucidated that the aroma sensory characteristics of HT were tender and green, accompanied by sweet and slight chestnut. A total of 8 aroma compounds were identified as the primary substances contributing to the unique aroma characteristics; the difference in the ratio of "green substances" and "chestnut substances" might be the reason for different aroma characteristics in HT and LT (low mountain tea). The taste sensory characteristics of HT were high in freshness and sweetness but low in bitterness and astringency. The high content of soluble sugar (SS), nonester catechins, sweet free amino acids, and low content of caffeine and tea polyphenols were the primary reasons for its taste characteristics. Low temperature stress might be the most fundamental reason for flavor characteristics formation in HT. Furthermore, the pollution risks of 5 heavy metals and 50 pesticide residues in HT were less than 1. The complex ecosystem and low chemical control level were speculated to be the primary reasons for the high safety quality of HT. Overall, these findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of quality characteristics and their formation mechanisms in HT.
Edible hyaluronic acid‐rich burger separator discs prepared from slaughterhouse waste
Authors: Kalantarmahdavi Mahboubeh , Salari Amir , Pasdar Zahra , Amiryousefi Mohamad Reza
Published: June 2022

In this study, edible films from chicken feet extract (CF), ovine muscle fascia extract (MF), and bovine bone gelatin powder (Gel) were prepared and their characteristics were analyzed. We also used the films as separators of burger cuts and evaluated the organoleptic characteristics of cooked burgers. Hyaluronic acid quantities of CF and MF were measured using colorimetric and spectrophotometry. Results indicated that the concentration of hyaluronic acid in CF (124.11 ppm) was greater than MF (101.11 ppm). The antioxidative property of the CF film (18.47%) was greater than the Gel (1.88%) and MF (Undetectable) films. The CF film was more resistant to water vapor permeability (2.75 × 10−9 g/m.s.pa) than the MF (1.57 × 10−8 g/m.s.pa) and Gel (1.5 × 10−7 g/m.s.pa) films. The Gel film had more appropriate mechanical properties than CF and MF films. The films kept burgers patties independent from one another and prevented them from sticking and freezing together. MF and CF films were able to promote the organoleptic properties of cooked burgers in taste and texture.
Dietary aluminium intake disrupts the overall structure of gut microbiota in Wistar rats
Authors: Wang Bo , Wu Caihong , Cui Lianzhi , Wang Hui , Liu Ya , Cui Weiwei
Published: June 2022

Approximately, 40% of ingested dietary aluminium accumulates in the intestine, which has been considered a target organ for dietary aluminium exposure. The gut microbiota may be the first protective barrier against the toxic metal aluminium and a crucial mediator of the bioavailability of metal aluminium. We previously evaluated dietary aluminium intake and its health risks in a population from Jilin Province, China, and found that the average daily intake of aluminium in the diet of residents in Jilin Province was 0.163 mg/kg after the total diet survey. In the present study, the equivalent concentration of aluminium in rats was extrapolated by the average dietary aluminium intake in the population of Jilin Province based on body surface area. Furthermore, healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15 for each group): a control group and three groups treated with aluminium solution (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg/day, intragastrically) for 28 days. Following treatment, necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, hyperplasia of bile ducts and hyperplasia of heart tissue, as well as fiber in the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of aluminium‐treated rats were observed, although there were no significant changes in the spleen and brain. Subsequently, fecal samples were withdrawn for 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. It was found that aluminium decreased the microbiota diversity and changed the overall community structure of the gut microbiota, including three phyla and four genera, together with the regulation of 12 signaling pathways. Collectively, treatment with aluminium markedly altered the structure of the gut microbiota, suggesting that the disorders of intestinal flora induced by aluminium may be an important mechanism for aluminium toxicity.
Evaluating denoising strategies in resting‐state functional magnetic resonance in traumatic brain injury (EpiBioS4Rx)
Authors: Weiler Marina , Casseb Raphael F. , de Campos Brunno M. , Crone Julia S. , Lutkenhoff Evan S. , Vespa Paul M. , Monti Martin M. ,   for the EpiBioS4Rx Study Group
Published: June 2022

Resting‐state functional MRI is increasingly used in the clinical setting and is now included in some diagnostic guidelines for severe brain injury patients. However, to ensure high‐quality data, one should mitigate fMRI‐related noise typical of this population. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ability of different preprocessing strategies to mitigate noise‐related signal (i.e., in‐scanner movement and physiological noise) in functional connectivity (FC) of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. We applied nine commonly used denoising strategies, combined into 17 pipelines, to 88 TBI patients from the Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Anti‐epileptogenic Therapy clinical trial. Pipelines were evaluated by three quality control (QC) metrics across three exclusion regimes based on the participant's head movement profile. While no pipeline eliminated noise effects on FC, some pipelines exhibited relatively high effectiveness depending on the exclusion regime. Once high‐motion participants were excluded, the choice of denoising pipeline becomes secondary ‐ although this strategy leads to substantial data loss. Pipelines combining spike regression with physiological regressors were the best performers, whereas pipelines that used automated data‐driven methods performed comparatively worse. In this study, we report the first large‐scale evaluation of denoising pipelines aimed at reducing noise‐related FC in a clinical population known to be highly susceptible to in‐scanner motion and significant anatomical abnormalities. If resting‐state functional magnetic resonance is to be a successful clinical technique, it is crucial that procedures mitigating the effect of noise be systematically evaluated in the most challenging populations, such as TBI datasets.
Limited disassembly of cytoplasmic hepatitis B virus nucleocapsids restricts viral infection in murine hepatic cells
Authors: Zhao Kaitao , Guo Fangteng , Wang Jingjing , Zhong Youquan , Yi Junzhu , Teng Yan , Xu Zaichao , Zhao Li , Li Aixin , Wang Zichen , Chen Xinwen , Cheng Xiaoming , Xia Yuchen
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:

Murine hepatic cells cannot support hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection even with supplemental expression of viral receptor, human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (hNTCP). However, the specific restricted step remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to dissect HBV infection process in murine hepatic cells.

Approach and Results:

Cells expressing hNTCP were inoculated with HBV or hepatitis delta virus (HDV). HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), and different relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) intermediates were produced in vitro. The repair process from rcDNA to cccDNA was assayed by in vitro repair experiments and in mouse with hydrodynamic injection. Southern blotting and in situ hybridization were used to detect HBV DNA. HBV, but not its satellite virus HDV, was restricted from productive infection in murine hepatic cells expressing hNTCP. Transfection of HBV pgRNA could establish HBV replication in human, but not in murine, hepatic cells. HBV replication‐competent plasmid, cccDNA, and recombinant cccDNA could support HBV transcription in murine hepatic cells. Different rcDNA intermediates could be repaired to form cccDNA both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, rcDNA could be detected in the nucleus of murine hepatic cells, but cccDNA could not be formed. Interestingly, nuclease sensitivity assay showed that the protein‐linked rcDNA isolated from cytoplasm was completely nuclease resistant in murine, but not in human, hepatic cells.

Conclusions:

Our results imply that the disassembly of cytoplasmic HBV nucleocapsids is restricted in murine hepatic cells. Overcoming this limitation may help to establish an HBV infection mouse model.
Tackling change in mental health service delivery: A qualitative evaluation of a lifestyle program targeting mental health staff – Keeping our Staff in Mind (KoSiM)
Authors: Watkins Andrew , Stein‐Parbury Jane , Curtis Jackie , Poole Josephine , Teasdale Scott , Fibbins Hamish , Rossimel Elisa , Lederman Oscar , Ward Philip B. , Rosenbaum Simon , Denney‐Wilson Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Issues addressed

People with severe mental illness have adverse health outcomes compared to the general population. Lifestyle interventions are effective in improving health outcomes in this population. Current cultural processes in mental health services do not generally incorporate physical health care practices. Innovative education is required to improve knowledge and confidence of staff in the delivery of preventative health measures.

Methods

The Keeping our Staff in Mind (KoSiM) program delivered a brief lifestyle intervention to mental health staff. A qualitative analysis following the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research was undertaken. Semi‐structured interviews designed to elicit information about the acceptability of the program and the impact of the intervention on participants' personal and professional lives. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, with coding independently developed and reviewed by three authors.

Results

Of the 103 eligible participants, 75 were interviewed. Responses revealed four main themes: (i) positive changes in clinician's approach to physical health care, (ii) improvements in attitudes to self‐care and family wellbeing, (iii) positive changes in workplace culture associated with physical health care delivery and (iv) high levels of acceptability of the program.

Conclusion

The KoSiM model may be useful in other settings as a means of changing the culture of mental health services to better integrate physical health care as a core part of mental health service provision.

So what?

A novel approach using staff focussed lifestyle interventions model may cut through the resistance that is encountered when implementing proven methods of clinical intervention where cultural barriers exist.
Missed nursing care in highly specialized hospitals: A Mexican case study
Authors: Hernández‐Corral Sandra , Serván‐Mori Edson , Benítez‐Chavira Luis A. , Nigenda Gustavo , Zárate‐Grajales Rosa A.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To assess the status of missed nursing care and the reasons for its occurrence in a highly specialised public hospital in Mexico.

Materials and methods

An observational cross‐sectional analysis with data collected from January to June 2019 at the National Institute of Rehabilitation Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra in Mexico City. We assessed missed care and its causes by conducting the MISSCARE survey among 116 nursing professionals selected from a population of 162 nurses. This work presents the estimated rates of missed care—overall and broken down into its four dimensions—as well as the reasons for its occurrence, namely limited labour resources, inadequate material resources and communication problems among work teams.

Results

The overall score for missed care was 16% (95% CI: 11.84%–20.15%), with the following rates by dimension: 19.48% for basic care, 14.66% for individual needs, 6.47% for patient education and discharge planning, and 4.31% for continuous patient assessment. The main reason cited for missed care was inadequate material resources, followed by limited labour resources and communication problems among work teams.

Conclusion

Basic care and individual needs interventions were the most frequently omitted services, primarily because of inadequate material resources, limited labour resources and communication problems among work teams. An increase in the frequency of missed care can be expected in light of the high demand for health services, particularly as regards labour and material resources, imposed by the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
Trends of adverse events and mortality after DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Interrupted time‐series analysis
Authors: Fang Yao‐Fan , Liu Jia‐Rou , Chang Shu‐Hao , Kuo Chang‐Fu , See Lai‐Chu
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience adverse events because of the characteristics of the disease and the side effects of medications. We investigated the trends of adverse events and mortality associated with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Methods

We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database to enroll patients with incident RA between 2000 and 2017. The 1‐year incident rate of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and 3‐year incident rates of other adverse events and mortality for each calendar‐quarter cohort were computed and adjusted using propensity score‐based stabilized weights for fair comparisons. Levels and trends of the conventional DMARD era (2000–2002, Phase 1) were compared with those of the TNFi era (2003–2012, Phase 2) and OMA era (2013–2017, Phase 3) by using interrupted time series (ITS) analysis.

Results

All patients with RA were prescribed cDMARDs in Phase 1 (2000–2002), and 1%–3% were prescribed either TNFi in phase 2 (2003–2012) or OMAs in phase 3 (2013–2017). The cancer incidence rate was 1.90%, and its mortality rate was 4.19%. After the introduction of TNFi from 2003 to 2012, the main outcomes, except TKA, exhibited a steady or mild decrease in trends. ITS analysis revealed that the slope mildly increased in 2003–2012 compared with that in 2000–2003 by 0.13% for total knee replacement (p = .0322). In 2012–2017 (the OMA era), the events became steady.

Conclusion

In patients with RA, the introduction of DMARDs was associated with stable adverse events and mortality rates. Moreover, the introduced new treatment for RA exhibited a good safety profile.
The prognostic impact of myosteatosis on overall survival in gynecological cancer patients: A meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Cao Hongyi , Gong Yang , Wang Yue
Published: June 2022

Myosteatosis is a novel imaging biomarker for survival in gynecological cancer patients; however, the evidence is inconsistent. This meta‐analysis aims to investigate the impact of myosteatosis on overall survival in the gynecological oncology setting. Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) were systematically searched for relevant literature up to October 30, 2021. A random‐effects model was used to evaluate the predictive effect of myosteatosis on overall survival in the gynecological cancer population. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Trial sequential analysis was used to control the risk of random errors. Twelve studies with a total of 2519 patients were included. Myosteatosis was associated with a 50% increased mortality risk (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.24‐1.82, P < .001) in gynecological cancer patients. Subgroup analyses stratified by study design, statistical model, treatment, sample size and stage confirmed the predictive value of myosteatosis on survival. However, the prognostic ability of myosteatosis only was held in the American and European populations but lost in Asians. Additionally, myosteatosis was not associated with the increased mortality in endometrial and cervical cancers, except for ovarian cancers. Overall, myosteatosis is a powerful predictor of reduced overall survival in gynecological cancer patients.
Multicenter, single‐arm, phase II study of the continuous use of panitumumab in combination with FOLFIRI after FOLFOX for RAS wild‐type metastatic colorectal cancer: Exploratory sequential examination of acquired mutations in circulating cell‐free DNA
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Maeda Hiromichi , Nagasaka Takeshi , Yokota Mitsuru , Hirata Keiji , Akazawa Naoya , Kagawa Yoshinori , Yamada Takeshi , Shiozawa Manabu , Ando Takayuki , Kato Takeshi , Mishima Hideyuki , Sakamoto Junichi , Oba Koji , Nagata Naoki
Published: June 2022

This multicenter single‐arm, phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of uninterrupted panitumumab usage combined with cytotoxic doublets for unresectable/metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Additionally, clinical value of the RAS/BRAF mutation status in circulating cell‐free DNA (ccfDNA) was evaluated; this evaluation was measured independently of the protocol treatment. Eligible patients with RAS wild‐type mCRC who had received the first‐line panitumumab plus FOLFOX treatment were recruited and administered continuous panitumumab combined with FOLFIRI. Progression‐free survival (PFS) at 6 months was the primary endpoint, with threshold and expected values of 35% and 50%, respectively. In total, 54 patients were enrolled between October 2017 and October 2019. The crude 6‐month PFS rate was 37.0%, with a 4.8‐month median PFS. The response rate and disease control rate were 16.7% and 50.0%, respectively. Notably, of the 54 participants, 17 showed RAS/BRAF mutations until the end of the protocol treatment and of the 22 patients with progressive disease as their best response, 10 possessed RAS/BRAF mutations in their plasma ccfDNA at baseline. The median PFS significantly differed among patients harboring tumors with BRAF and RAS mutations and those with wild‐type tumors. In conclusion, our study failed to show the expected efficacy of the continuous panitumumab use in the second‐line treatment. Liquid biopsy discriminated the duration of PFS according to the mutation status. The effectiveness of continuous treatment with panitumumab should be evaluated in patients with RAS/BRAF wild‐type mCRC determined by liquid biopsy at the start of the second‐line treatment.
Revisiting the social validity of services rendered through a university‐based practicum addressing challenging behavior
Authors: Lambert Joseph M. , Sandstrom Amanda L. , Hodapp Robert M. , Copeland Bailey A. , Paranczak Jessica L. , Macdonald M. Janey , Houchins‐Juarez Nealetta J.
Published: June 2022

This paper represents the third in a three‐part series intended to challenge the social validity of the services provided by a university‐based practicum for addressing the challenging behavior of individuals with disabilities. In this paper, we surveyed referring stakeholders (e.g., parents, teachers) of past service recipients to explore the acceptability of the service model's goals, methods, and outcomes. We probed for tensions resultant from the model's threefold mission (service, training, and research) and explored how conflicts between these goals affected the quality of our services. Generally, results were favorable and appeared to support continued model implementation, but not without qualification. Emergent themes, areas for improvement, and future directions for intervention research are all discussed.
Dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) acting as catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)
Authors: Tung Chi‐Yen , Shih Wei‐Chih , Chiou Tzung‐Wen , Hsu I‐Jui , Liaw Wen‐Feng
Published: June 2022

Electrochemical study of {Fe(NO)2}10 DNIC [(2‐AMP)Fe(NO)2] (1) (2‐AMP = 2‐aminomethylpyridine) in CH3CN/Na2SO4 aqueous solution (1 M) revealing reversible one‐electron redox couples implicated that DNIC 1 may facilitate versatile chemical reactions associated with two‐electron HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) processes. The three‐component photocatalytic HER system is composed of MeOH‐H2O solution (1:1 volume ratio, pH = 11.0) of molecular catalyst DNIC 1 (1.6 μM), photosensitizer fluorescein (Fl) (1.5 mM) and sacrificial electron donor triethylamine (0.36 M) was developed. The reductive quenching rate (R1) (electron transfer from Et3N to Fl) and the oxidative quenching rate (R2) (electron transfer from [Fl]− to DNIC 1) were calculated as 2.11 × 107 s−1 and 3.984 × 104 s−1, respectively. The faster electron transfer from [Fl]− to DNIC 1, compared to the electron‐transfer rate (R3) from [DNIC 1]− to H2O, rationalized the accumulation of the transient‐stable [DNIC 1]−, degrading to [DNIC 1]−‐transformed photocatalytic active particles (Fe3O4 [major]). The three‐component photocatalytic system composed of MeOH‐H2O solution of the isolated particles (2 mg), Fl (1.5 mM), and Et3N (0.36 M) was also employed for photocatalytic HER reaching TON 13456 μmolH2/gcatalyst, TOF 2691 hr−1μmolH2/gcatalyst and the apparent quantum yield 3.71% under radiation (480 nm). That is, for the photocatalytic HER device constructed via a combination of DNIC 1, Fluorescein, and triethylamine, both the homogeneous catalytic HER triggered by {Fe(NO)2}10‐reduced [DNIC 1]− and the heterogeneous catalytic HER promoted by [DNIC 1]−‐transformed particles operated concomitantly to drive this photocatalytic HER.