bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity and anti-tumour activity of organotin (IV) compounds
Authors: Graisa Abdualbasit , Zainulabdeen Khalid , Salman Israa , Al-Ani Ahmed , Mohammed Randa , Hairunisa Nany , Mohammed Salam , Yousif Emad
Published: July 2022

Organotins are widely described as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and antimicrobial agents. In addition to their use in biomedical fields, organotins are also used in agricultural and industrial applications. These materials are more toxic than inorganic cans, which are poorly absorbed and are excreted on the surface of the can, and cause toxicity to a variety of organisms and damage the environment.This review focuses on organotin’s toxicity and uses in biomedical fields.
إطلاق مصطلح أقسام الكلام للاسم والفعل والحرف عند النحويين بين القبول والاعتراض
Authors: Jamal Danial , Jailani
Published: July 2022

إن لكل علم أو فن مصطلحات يتميز بها من غيره من العلوم. وقد تتفاوت تلك المصطلحات في علم ما بل يختلف بعضها مع بعض دلالة ومعنى لتفاوت إتقان العلماء الرواد لذلك العلم واختلاف مذاهبهم فيه. وكذلك المصطلحات التي أوردناها في مجال علم النحو. وقد يختلف مصطلح واحد من ناحية المعنى المراد بين ناحٍ وآخر أو بين طائفة وأخرى أو بين مذهب وغيره. ومن تلك المصطلحات المختلف فيها النحاة هو مصطلح أقسام الكلام لمجموعة الاسم والفعل والحرف. وذلك بالنظر إلى أن كلًا من تلك المجموعة ليس قسيمًا للكلام. فيكون هذا البحث محاولة لتبسيط ما يدور به من استعمال النحويين له متتبعًا للعصور التي مروا عليها
دور اللغة العربية في تطور اللغة الإندونيسية
Authors: Misbahul Munir Mohammad
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine and describe the role of Arabic in Indonesian. Focusing on the influence of vocabulary, the influence of Arabic writing, and the influence of Arabic syntax on Indonesian, the purpose of this study was to identify and describe how changes in Arabic vocabulary were absorbed into the Indonesian language. Indonesian Indonesian. The method used in this study is a literature study using content analysis techniques, namely research methods that can imitate reproducible conclusions and reliable personality and language education data by considering the context. The data sources for this research are books or works related to the research topic, including Indonesian dictionaries and other books. The results show that the influence or role of Arabic on Indonesian is quite large. This can also be confirmed in Arabic borrowing, which ranks third after Dutch and English with 1,495 words. Also the use of Arabic script in Indonesian which is still widely used in Islamic religious books and Arabic books, saga, literature, and books written using Malay Arabic script. The influence of Arabic expressions on Indonesian can be seen in books or translations of the Qur'an. The words learned in Arabic usually change shape because they adjust to the phonemes or Indonesian language rules. It also underwent a change in meaning, although it was limited in number.
KEDUDUKAN PENGADILAN AGAMA DAN BASYARNAS DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Achmad Fikri Oslami
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini akan menjawab rumusan masalah, yakni Mengapa penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi Syariah dapat diselesaikan melalui Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional dan Pengadilan Agama? Dan apa dampak yang timbul dari penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah melalui Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional dan Pengadilan Agama? serta Bagaimana status Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional Pasca berlakunya Undang-undang Nomor 50 tahun 2009 atas perubahan kedua undang-undang nomor 7 tahun 1989? Dalam usaha menjawab masalah dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan, yaitu dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap bahan kepustakaan, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis dengan metode  content analysis yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Penelitian hukum normatif adalah penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan kepustakaan atau data skunder.  Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa lahirnya Undang-undang Nomor 03 tahun 2006 yang telah diperbaharui dengan Undang-undang Nomor 50 tahun 2009 telah membawa perubahan besar dalam eksistensi lembaga peradilan Agama saat ini, salah satu perubahan yang mendasar bahwa  Pengadilan Agama berwenang memeriksa, mengadili dan menyelesaian  perkara sengketa ekonomi syari’ah.Titik singgung yang ada dengan adanya undang-undang ini terhadap penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 30 tahun 1999 telah dilakukan oleh Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional tetap dipakai sebagai lembaga non litigasi yang berwenang melakukan penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah.
XIX аср охири – XX аср бошларида Туркистонда мустамлака маъмурияти томонидан таълим муассасаларининг ташкил этилиши
Authors: Жураев Халимжон
Published: July 2022

Ушбу мақолада Туркистонда дастлаб ташкил этилган рус таълим тизими муассасалари, сони, уларнинг вазифа-лари, фанлар миқдори, рус-тузуем мактабларининг ташкил этилишидан кўзланган мақсадлар ҳақида фикр юритилади.
Preliminares
Authors: Nava Murcia Ricardo
Published: July 2022

Introducción al expediente "Formas de pensar la historia"
Online Food Ordering Portal with Data Analytics
Authors: R P Rajeshwari  , SG Vaibhav  , DM Tejaswi  , Spurthi Kulkarni  , Spurthi Kulkarni
Published: July 2022

Foodizz is an android application which acts as a platform between the restaurants who want to sell their food items online and the end users who want tasty and delicious food items to their doorstep. By the data gathered from the users we can set a proper analysis which helps small scale food business stalls to shift to that demanding place or place a new shop.
Pedagogia crítica, saúde e pandemia: uma leitura com David Kirk
Authors: Quintão de Almeida Felipe
Published: July 2022

Este artigo discute o papel da pedagogia crítica num contexto caracterizado pela precariedade social, radicalizada pela pandemia do coronavírus. Problematiza este objetivo a luz dos recentes escritos de David Kirk, importante representante da pedagogia crítica na literatura anglófona da Educação Física.
DOSAGEM DE D-DÍMERO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE RISCO DE TROMBOEMBOLISMO VENOSO EM PACIENTES INFECTADOS PELO COVID 19
Authors: Cavalcanti Neto Waldemar de Brito , Valente Thiago José Monteiro Borges Da Silva , Teixeira Luciana Ramos
Published: July 2022

Introdução: O vírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2) infecta células que expressam os receptores de superfície da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ACE2) causando um processo inflamatório endotelial que predispõe ao tromboembolismo venoso (TEV). O risco de TEV é caracterizado pelo aumento dos níveis de D-dímero, sendo considerado um marcador de prognóstico da COVID-19 solicitado para todos os pacientes hospitalizados ou com risco de tromboembolismo venoso. Objetivo: Determinar a relação dos níveis elevados do D-dímero e o risco de TEV em pacientes infectados pelo COVID 19. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura na base Pubmed (Medline), utilizando os termos de pesquisa: “D-dímero” “COVID-19” “tromboembolismo venoso”. Foram encontrados 12 artigos, sem restrição de idioma. Resultados: Estudo brasileiro recente mostrou que níveis elevados de D-dímero são comuns em infecções virais no Brasil, como vírus Zika, associados a um aumento no risco de tromboembolismo. Foi evidenciado que pacientes não-COVID-19 os valores de D-dímero tem sido utilizados em sistemas de pontuação para identificar pacientes com risco TEV. Estudos relatam que a incidência de TEV em pacientes com COVID-19 varia de 8% a 69% com maior incidência entre os pacientes em UTI a alta incidência de TEV, sendo recomendado que todo paciente internado por suspeita ou confirmação de COVID-19 uso tromboprofilaxia, sendo fundamental a detecção precoce da doença. Alguns especialistas recomendam a triagem de TVP em pacientes com COVID-19 na admissão em UTI e a triagem de rotina para TEV com base apenas nos valores de D-dímero não seria ainda recomendada. Com da incidência de TEV na COVID-19 alguns centros mudarem a conduta, aumentando a dose profilática de anticoagulação em pacientes com valores altos de D-dímero. Embora os pacientes com COVID-19 apresentam uma elevação de D-dímero, ainda não há valor de corte validado para discriminar pacientes com alto risco de TEV em pacientes com COVID-19. O diagnóstico de TEV não deve ser baseado apenas nos valores de D-dímero sendo necessários estudos clínicos que avaliem essa questão. Conclusão: No contexto atual, ainda não há evidência concreta para discriminar, a elevação do D-dímero com alto risco de TEV em pacientes COVID-19.
Cambio climático y medidas para enfrentarlo en el territorio indígena de Salitre, Costa Rica
Authors: Cordero Ulate Allen
Published: July 2022

Este artículo presenta resultados de investigación del Proyecto: “Paisajes indígenas y cambio climático. Casos seleccionados en la provincias de Puntarenas y Limón”, ejecutado por la Escuela de Sociología de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Concretamente, el estudio se centra en el caso del territorio indígena de Salitre, donde predomina la etnia bribri. Este territorio se ubica en el cantón de Buenos Aires, Provincia de Puntarenas, a unos 200 kms al sur este de San José. Se recogen una serie de percepciones de personas de la comunidad referentes a variables climáticas usuales: temperatura, precipitaciones y vientos. Se esbozan una serie de medidas de adaptación, mitigación y lucha contra el cambio climático. El marco teórico de la investigación está dado por la noción de cambio climático en una interpretación del mismo desde la ecología política y la construcción social del paisaje.
Causes, predisposing factors and clinical implications of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast
Authors: Bakalets N. F. , Paremskaya A. S. , Yurkovskiy D. S.
Published: July 2022

Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast is a manifestation of SLUDGE syndrome in the cavities of the heart. The factors that contribute to the emergence of this phenomenon are atrial fibrillation, mitral stenosis, mitral valve prosthesis, left atrial dilatation, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, hypercoagulable blood conditions, inflammatory diseases, dyslipidemia. Spontaneous echo contrast is a prothrombogenic condition and increases the risk of thromboembolic events, including cerebrovascular complications. This article presents an analytical review of literary sources on this phenomenon for the purpose of its study and determination of treatment tactics in each clinical case.
Comparative analysis of the course of COVID-19 in May 2020 and May 2021 in a hospital healthcare organization
Authors: Nikiforova O. L.
Published: July 2022

Objective. To perform an analytical assessment of the dynamics of COVID-19 patients` state in the conditions of a hospital healthcare organization taking into account their comorbid diseases in May 2020 and May 2021, and to determine the prognostic indicators for a severe course of COVID-19.Materials and methods. 96 medical records of COVID-19 patients who had undergone treatment at Gomel City Clinical Hospital No. 3 in May 2020 and 130 medical records of COVID-19 patients who had undergone treatment in May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results. The average age of women treated for pneumonia associated with COVID-19 at the hospital healthcare organization in 2020 was 58 years, in 2021 – 64.5 years, of men in 2020 – 58 years, in 2021 – 60.5 years. All patients underwent clinical examination according to temporary protocols. The most common COVID-19 comorbid background diseases in both 2020 and 2021 were coronary artery disease (CAD), arterial hypertension (AH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), kidney disease, and obesity. Polymorbidity in 2021 was observed 1.5 times more often than in 2020 (pFisher<0.001). C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are statistically associated with the severity of pneumonia (rS=0.33; p<0.001 and rS=0.2; p=0.03, respectively). The neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) level in patients with a mild course of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 in 2020 was 1.58, in 2021 – 1.05, while in patients with a severe course in 2020 – 7.7, in 2021 – 10.63.Conclusion. CRP, LDH and NLR serve as available methods for predicting the course of COVID-19 in comorbid patients in clinical practice.
Anamnestic and biochemical predictors of obstetric and perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Bik-Mukhametova Ya. I. , Zakharenkova T. N.
Published: July 2022

Objective. To determine the anamnestic and biochemical predictors of obstetric and perinatal complications in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).Materials and methods. 59 women with ICP and 30 pregnant women included into the comparison group were examined. The characteristics of the reproductive history, anamnesis of the disease, complaints, biochemical parameters of liver function (syndromes of cholestasis and hepatocyte cytolysis, function of protein synthesis), features of the course and treatment of ICP were studied.Results. The main predictors of preterm birth in the women with ICP were: age (P(U)=0.027), multiple pregnancy (OR=17.5, p=0.033); alkaline phosphatase (ALP) blood level > 499 U/l (AUC=0.801; p=0.008); De Ritis Ratio value ≤ 0.49 (AUC=0.757; p=0.005). The main prognostic markers for meconium staining of amniotic fluid (MSAF) in the patients with ICP were: ICP in previous pregnancies (OR=7.1; p=0.029); serum bile acid concentration > 14 μmol/l (AUC=0.718; p=0.043); total bilirubin blood level > 13 μmol/l (AUC=0.773; p=0.007); ALP activity > 484 U/l (AUC=0.728; p=0.033); blood creatinine concentration ≤ 60 μmol/l (AUC=0.930; p=0.0001) in asymptomatic course. The development of respiratory disorders in children born to women with asymptomatic ICP was associated with a total protein concentration in the blood of 78 g/l or less (AUC=0.852; p=0.0001).Conclusion. The anamnesis of the disease and the determination of the levels of the biochemical parameters of liver function allows predicting obstetric and perinatal complications in ICP.
Morphometric parameters of the optic nerve in patients with symptomatic ophthalmohypertension and secondary glaucoma associated with endocrine ophthalmopathy
Authors: Sadovskaya O. P. , Dravitsa L. V.
Published: July 2022

Objective. To analyze the morphometric parameters of the optic disc (OD) in patients with symptomatic ophthalmohypertension and secondary glaucoma associated with endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) according to the data of optical coherence tomography (OCT).Materials and methods. The morphometric parameters of OD and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were assessed according to OCT data of 175 patients (350 eyes and orbits) with different forms and activity of EOP. 30 patients (60 eyes and orbits) were diagnosed with symptomatic ophthalmohypertension in active EOP stage. 30 patients (58 eyes and orbits) were diagnosed for the first time with secondary open-angle glaucoma associated with inactive EOP course. The control group comprised 30 somatically healthy individuals comparable in terms of age and sex without clinical EOP symptoms with normal ophthalmic tonus.Results. The patients with symptomatic ophthalmohypertension have revealed increased peripapillary RNFL thickness up to Me 95.5 [90; 101] μm (Mann-Whitney U=1107, p=0.0002), and increased neuro-retinal rim (NRR) area up to Me 1.65 [1.5; 1.9] mm² (Mann-Whitney test U=1425; p=0.04). The patients with secondary glaucoma associated with EOP have found a statistically significant decrease of the average RNFL thickness to Me 85[80;89] μm (by 8%) compared to the control group (Mann-Whitney U=553, p=0.00). The NRR area was statistically significantly reduced to Me 1.15 [1.0; 1.2] mm² (Mann-Whitney U=255.5; p=0.00).Conclusion. Patients with symptomatic ophthalmohypertension and active course of the processs detect signs of increased RNFL and NRR area thickness, which is related to retrobulbar fiber swelling and development of compressive ischemic optic neuropathy. Patients with secondary glaucoma are characterized by remodeling of OD parameters at the expense of decreased average peripapillary RNFL thickness, reduced NRR area and extended excavation, which is typical for glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Intermittency of gravity wave potential energies and absolute momentum fluxes derived from infrared limb sounding satellite observations
Authors: Ern Manfred , Preusse Peter , Riese Martin
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves contribute significantly to the driving of the global atmospheric circulation. Because of their small spatial scales, their effect on the circulation is usually parameterized in general circulation models. These parameterizations, however, are strongly simplified. One important effect that is often neglected is the fact that gravity wave sources, and thus the global distribution of gravity waves, are both very intermittent. Therefore, time series of global observations of gravity waves are needed to study the distribution, seasonal variation, and strength of this effect. For gravity wave absolute momentum fluxes and potential energies observed by the limb sounding satellite instruments High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), we investigate the global distribution of gravity wave intermittency by deriving probability density functions (PDFs) in different regions, as well as global distributions of Gini coefficients. In the stratosphere, we find that intermittency is strongest in mountain wave regions, followed by the polar night jets, and regions of deep convection in the summertime subtropics. Intermittency is weakest in the tropics. A better comparability of intermittency in different years and regions is achieved by normalizing single observations by their monthly median distributions. Our results are qualitatively in agreement with previous findings from satellite observations, and quantitatively in good agreement with previous findings from superpressure balloons and high resolution models. Generally, momentum fluxes exhibit stronger intermittency than potential energies, and lognormal distributions are often a reasonable approximation of the PDFs. In the tropics, we find that, for monthly averages, intermittency increases with altitude, which might be a consequence of variations in the atmospheric background, and thus varying gravity wave propagation conditions. Different from this, in regions of stronger intermittency, particularly in mountain wave regions, we find that intermittency decreases with altitude, which is likely related to the dissipation of large-amplitude gravity waves during their upward propagation.
Examination of Brown Carbon Absorption from Wildfires in the Western U.S. During the WE-CAN Study
Authors: Sullivan Amy P. , Pokhrel Rudra P. , Shen Yingjie , Murphy Shane M. , Toohey Darin W. , Campos Teresa , Lindaas Jakob , Fischer Emily V. , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Light absorbing organic carbon, or brown carbon (BrC), can be a significant contributor to the visible light absorption budget. However, the sources of BrC and the contributions of BrC to light absorption are not well understood. Biomass burning is thought to be a major source of BrC. Therefore, as part of the WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen) Study BrC absorption data was collected aboard the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft as it intercepted smoke from wildfires in the Western U.S. in July–August 2018. BrC absorption measurements were obtained in near real-time using two techniques. The first coupled a Particle-into-Liquid Sampler (PILS) with a Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cell and a Total Organic Carbon analyzer for measurements of water-soluble BrC absorption and WSOC (water-soluble organic carbon). The second employed a custom-built Photoacoustic Aerosol Absorption Spectrometer (PAS) to measure total absorption at 405 and 660 nm. The PAS BrC absorption at 405 nm (PAS total Abs 405 BrC) was calculated by assuming the absorption determined by the PAS at 660 nm was equivalent to the black carbon (BC) absorption and the BC aerosol absorption Ångström exponent was 1. Data from the PILS and PAS were combined to investigate the water-soluble vs. total BrC absorption at 405 nm in the various wildfire plumes sampled during WE-CAN. WSOC, PILS water-soluble Abs 405, and PAS total Abs 405 tracked each other in and out of the smoke plumes. BrC absorption was correlated with WSOC (R2 value for PAS = 0.42 and PILS = 0.60) and CO (carbon monoxide) (R2 value for PAS = 0.76 and PILS = 0.55) for all wildfires sampled. The PILS water-soluble Abs 405 was corrected for the non-water-soluble fraction of the aerosol using the calculated UHSAS (Ultra-High-Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer) aerosol mass. The corrected PILS water-soluble Abs 405 showed good closure with the PAS total Abs 405 BrC with a factor of ~1.5 to 2 difference. This difference was explained by particle vs. bulk solution absorption measured by the PAS vs. PILS, respectively, and confirmed by Mie Theory calculations. During WE-CAN, ~45 % (ranging from 31 % to 65 %) of the BrC absorption was observed to be due to water-soluble species. The ratio of BrC absorption to WSOC or ΔCO showed no clear dependence on fire dynamics or the time since emission over 9 h.
Observation-based analysis of ozone production sensitivity for two persistent ozone episodes in Guangdong, China
Authors: Song Kaixiang , Liu Run , Wang Yu , Liu Tao , Wei Liyan , Wu Yanxing , Zheng Junyu , Wang Boguang , Liu Shaw Chen
Published: July 2022

Abstract. An observation-based method (OBM) is developed to
investigate the sensitivity of ozone formation to precursors during two
persistent elevated ozone episodes observed at 77 stations in Guangdong.
Average OH concentrations derived at the 77 stations between 08:00 and 13:00
local time stay within a narrow range of 2.5×106 to
5.5×106 cm−3 with a weak dependence on the NOx. These
values are in good agreement with OH values observed at a rural station in
the Pearl River Delta (PRD). They also agree well with a box model constrained
by the ambient conditions observed during the two episodes. The OBM has been
used to evaluate the ozone production efficiency, ε(NOx or volatile organic compound,
VOC), defined as the number of O3 molecules produced per molecule of
NOx (or VOC) oxidized. Average values of ε(NOx) and
ε(VOC) determined by the OBM are 3.0 and 2.1 ppb ppb−1,
respectively, and both compared well with values in previous studies.
Approximately 67 % of the station days exhibit ozone formation sensitivity
to NOx, and approximately 20 % of the station days are in the
transitional regime sensitive to both NOx and VOC, and only approximately
13 % of the station days are sensitive to VOC. These results are in
semi-quantitative agreement with the ozone formation sensitivity calculated
by the box model constrained by ambient conditions observed during the two
episodes. However, our OBM results differ from those of most previous
investigations, which suggested that limiting the emission of VOC rather than
NOx would be more effective in reducing ozone reduction in Guangdong.
The effect of spin polarization on double electron–electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy
Authors: Sweger Sarah R. , Denysenkov Vasyl P. , Maibaum Lutz , Prisner Thomas F. , Stoll Stefan
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Double electron–electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy measures the distribution of distances between two electron spins in the nanometer range, often on doubly spin-labeled proteins, via the modulation of a refocused spin echo by the dipolar interaction between the spins. DEER is commonly conducted under conditions where the polarization of the spins is small. Here, we examine the DEER signal under conditions of high spin polarization, thermally obtainable at low temperatures and high magnetic fields, and show that the signal acquires a polarization-dependent out-of-phase component both for the intramolecular and intermolecular contributions. For the latter, this corresponds to a phase shift of the spin echo that is linear in the pump pulse position. We derive a compact analytical form of this phase shift and show experimental measurements using monoradical and biradical nitroxides at several fields and temperatures. The effect highlights a novel aspect of the fundamental spin physics underlying DEER spectroscopy.
Tolerance of soil bacterial community to tetracycline antibiotics induced by As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb pollution
Authors: Santás-Miguel Vanesa , Núñez-Delgado Avelino , Álvarez-Rodríguez Esperanza , Díaz-Raviña Montserrat , Arias-Estévez Manuel , Fernández-Calviño David
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The widespread use of both heavy metals and antibiotics
in livestock farming, followed by their subsequent arrival on agricultural
soils through manure and slurry spreading, has become a problem of vital
importance for human health and the environment. In the current research, a
laboratory experiment was carried out for 42 d to study tolerance and
co-tolerance of three tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, TC;
oxytetracycline, OTC; chlortetracycline, CTC) in soils polluted with heavy
metals (As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb) at high concentrations (1000 mg kg−1 of each one, separately). Pollution induced community tolerance
(PICT) of the bacterial community was estimated using the leucine
incorporation technique. The log IC50 (logarithm of the concentration
causing 50 % inhibition in bacterial community growth) values obtained in
uncontaminated soil samples for all the heavy metals tested showed the
following toxicity sequence: Cu > As > Cr ≥ Pb ≥ Cd > Zn > Ni. However, in polluted soil samples the
toxicity sequence was Cu > Pb ≥ As ≥ Cd ≥ Cr ≥ Ni ≥ Zn. Moreover, at high heavy metal concentrations, the bacterial communities
showed tolerance to the metal itself, this taking place in the long term for
all the metals tested. The bacterial communities of the soil polluted with
heavy metals showed also long-term co-tolerance to TC, OTC, and CTC. This
kind of study, focusing on the eventual increases of tolerance and
co-tolerance of bacterial communities in agricultural soil, favored by the
presence of different kinds of pollutants, is of crucial importance, mostly
bearing in mind that the appearance of antibiotic resistance genes in soil
bacteria could be transmitted to human pathogens.
The response of tropical cyclone intensity to changes in environmental temperature
Authors: Done James M. , Lackmann Gary M. , Prein Andreas F.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Theory indicates that tropical cyclone (TC) intensity should respond to environmental temperature changes near the surface and in the TC outflow layer. While the sensitivity of TC intensity to sea surface temperature is well understood, less is known about the role of upper-level stratification. In this paper, we combine historical
data analysis and idealised modelling to explore the extent to which
historical low-level warming and upper-level stratification can explain
observed trends in the TC intensity distribution. Observations and modelling agree that historical global environmental temperature changes coincide with higher lifetime maximum intensities. Observations suggest the response depends on the TC intensity itself. Hurricane-strength storms have intensified at twice the rate of weaker storms per unit surface and upper-tropospheric warming, and we find faster
warming of low-level temperatures in hurricane environments than the
tropical mean. Idealised simulations respond in the expected sense to
various imposed changes in the near-surface temperature and upper-level
stratification representing present-day and end-of-century thermal profiles
and agree with TCs operating as heat engines. Removing upper-tropospheric warming or stratospheric cooling from end-of-century
experiments results in much smaller changes in potential intensity or
realised intensity than between present day and the end of the century. A larger
proportional change in thermodynamic disequilibrium compared to
thermodynamic efficiency in our simulations suggests that disequilibrium,
not efficiency, is responsible for much of the intensity increase from
present day to the end of the century. The limited change in efficiency is
attributable to nearly constant outflow temperature in the simulated TCs
among the experiments. Observed sensitivities are generally larger than
modelled sensitivities, suggesting that observed TC intensity
change responds to a combination of the temperature change and other
environmental factors.
Current and future wind energy resources in the North Sea according to CMIP6
Authors: Hahmann Andrea N. , García-Santiago Oscar , Peña Alfredo
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We explore the changes in wind energy resources in Northern Europe using output from historical to mid-twenty-first century simulations from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) under the high-emission scenario. This study improves upon many assumptions made in the past: (1) we interpolate the winds to hub height; (2) we use a large ensemble of CMIP6 models; and (3) we consider the possible wake effects on the energy production of a large wind farm. The wind climatologies in the CMIP6 models show good correspondence with measurements and reanalysis data. Our results show that annual mean wind speed and wind resources in Northern Europe are not particularly affected by climate change in 2031–2050 relative to 1995–2014, according to a sub-set of 16 models in the CMIP6 collection. However, climate change could significantly alter the seasonal distribution of these resources. Most models agree on reductions in the future wind in summer in a band that extends from the British Isles to the Baltic Sea and on increases in winter in the Southern Baltic Sea. The energy production calculations show that summer energy production in a planned large wind farm cluster in the North Sea could be reduced by a median of 6.9 % during 2031–2050 when taking into account the wind farm wakes (that account for -0.7 %) and the changes in air density (that account for -0.9 %). Extrapolating 10-meter wind speeds to turbine height using the power law with a constant shear exponent is often a poor approximation. It can exaggerate the future changes in wind resources and ignore possible surface roughness and stability changes.
Reflections on Law Teaching at the Post-Pandemic Crossroads
Authors: Pratt Katherine
Published: July 2022

Reflections on Law Teaching at the Post-Pandemic Crossroads
Egysejt-fehérje előállítása állati takarmányozáshoz fermentációs biotechnológiával
Authors: Molnár Judit , Vasas Dávid , Kalocsai Renátó , Szakál Tamás , Ahmed Mukhtar H.
Published: July 2022

Háttérinformáció: A fermentáció egyfajta biotechnológia, amely mikroorganizmusok kémiai folyamatait használ állati táplálék előállítására. A régi időkben a hulladékokat vegyszerekkel kezelték, napjainkban viszont a vállalkozások a hulladékokat értékes élelmiszerekké, élelmiszer-összetevőkké vagy takarmánytermékekké például egysejt-olajokká, vagy egysejtfehérjékké alakítják át. A leggyakrabban használt szubsztrátum a melasz és a kukoricaáztató lúg, amelyek a fermentációs folyamat részei. Cél: Kéziratunk megírásának célja az, hogy áttekintést adjon az egysejt-fehérjék (single cell proteins – SCP) fermentációs eljárással történő előállításához felhasznált élesztőtörzsekről és élelmiszer-melléktermékekről. Ezen túlmenően a dolgozat összefoglalja az egysejt-fehérjék szerepét az állati takarmányban. Módszerek: A cikk anyagához a Google Scholar Medline és PubMed adatbázisában elektronikus keresést végeztünk. További keresést végeztünk az Élelmiszer- és Mezőgazdasági Világszervezet, a FAO kutatási cikkadatbázisában. Eredmények: A fentebb említett szubsztrátok és a különböző mikroorganizmusok (algák, élesztő, baktériumok) által termelt egysejt-fehérjék fontos szerepet játszanak az állati takarmányozásban. Ezenkívül az SCP-k kiváló minőségű fehérje-, telítetlen zsírsav-, vitamin- és ásványianyag-források az állatok számára. Következtetés: Az egysejt-fehérje fermentációval történő előállítása számos jelentős előnnyel jár, beleértve a fenntarthatóságot, az egészséget és a termelési hatékonyságot.
Effect of a compound bio-preservative on microbiological indicators and shelf life of fresh pork chops
Authors: Lukin Aleksandr , Babina Olga , Pirozhinsky Sergey
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the study of the effect that a compound preservative produces on microbiological indicators and shelf life of fresh pork products. The effect of various preservatives on the total viable count and yeast growth in fresh meat during storage was studied. Experimental studies have shown that the compounds of additive a preservative mixture* actively inhibits microorganism growth during the fresh pork chops storage. In the control sample, the number of microorganisms on the seventh day of storage was 12*104 CFU/g, and, in the sample with the compound additive preservative mixture added, it amounted to 0.1*104 CFU/g. The usage of the ready to use preservative mixture allows actively suppressing the yeast reproduction during long-term storage (seven days) of coarsely chopped fresh pork products (250 CFU/g). The optimal method for applying the preservative to fresh pork chops has been determined. Applying the preservative to coarsely chopped fresh meat by simply mixing and massaging (for example, together with spices or marinades) is the most rational method for this product type. Primary and secondary lipid degradation products are considered, and the peroxide and acid numbers of fresh meat products during 30-day storage are determined. After 30 days of storage, a noticeable increase in oxidative processes in the control sample is observed, whereby the end point of the shelf life of coarsely chopped fresh pork products has been chosen.
Kampania społeczna marki RIMMEL #IWillNotBeDeleted jako przykład kampanii przeciw beauty hejtowi
Authors: Boryń Aleksandra
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article is to systematize knowledge in the area of hate. The publication describes the Rimmel brand, as well as a description of the campaign entitled ‘#IWillNotBeDeleted’. The text also contains the methodology of own research in the field of awareness of academic youth on the subject of broadly understood beauty hate, as well as knowledge of the Rimmel brand campaign.
The Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports Growth of the Selected Developed Economies
Authors: Ali Mahnaz Muhammad , Muzammil Muhammad , Umar Ayesha
Published: July 2022

Exchange rate volatility plays a pivotal role in shaping the trade policy of a country. This paper utilized a yearly time series and panel data to explore the relationship between exchange rate volatility and export growth of the selected developed countries (Poland, Sweden, UK, Italy, Germany, France, Denmark, Austria, and Belgium) between 1980-2020. Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and individual cointegration techniques were applied to evaluate the impact of exchange rate volatility on export growth in two-time horizons, i.e., short-run and long-run. Results confirmed that, in the long run, exchange rate volatility was cointegrated with export growth. The study further validated that in case of panel data, in the short run, exchange rate volatility suppresses export growth. At the same time, in the long run, it aids in accelerating export growth. At disintegrate level, in the short run, results were relatively insignificant except for Sweden and Italy, which had shown negative and significant association with export growth. In contrast, the long-run analysis revealed a significant positive impact of exchange rate volatility in most of the cases. Also, in case of panel data, if estimated elasticity is negative, then real depreciation could lower the real exchange rate and widen the export base. As exchange rate volatility could promote or hinder export activity, therefore, it is important for policymakers to consider exchange rate volatility while formulating the trade policy of the country. Also, stable and sustainable management of the exchange rate would bring stability and promotes long-term growth in an economy.
The ‘Kalimah Allah’ Debacle: Competing Narratives in Politics, Law, and Religion
Authors: Wan Mansor Wan Naim
Published: July 2022

This article studies the various competing narratives concerning the legal battle to use the word ‘Allah’ in Malaysia. Beginning in 2008, two court cases involving the word Allah drew considerable national attention and challenged the relationship between Malaysia’s Muslim majority and Christian minority. The first case, which received the most attention and generated the most substantive debates, involved the Catholic newspaper, the Herald: The Catholic Weekly. The second case involved Jill Ireland, a native Christian Sarawakian bumiputra, whose religious CDs were confiscated upon her arrival at the LCCT airport in Sepang, Negeri Sembilan. These two court cases serve as primary sources of information for analysing the multiple narratives present in the Kalimah Allah debate across three dimensions: politics, law, and religion. The three dimensions will then be incorporated into a heuristic model based on feedback loops, a systems thinking tool, in which interrelations between various narratives are visualised for a better understanding of the complexity of the Kalimah Allah issue, particularly within Malaysia’s unique political, legal, and religious contexts.
The Nexus Between a Green Economy and Islamic Finance: Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Aam Slamet Rusydiana  , Raditya Sukmana  , Nisful Laila  , Muhammad Syamsul Bahri
Published: July 2022

A green economy is expected to solve the failure of the conventional economy to address climate change. It would do this by emphasising the balance between economic and environmental factors – an approach that is in line with the existing concept of Islamic finance. As a new field, research related to the green economy is still developing. This study attempts to provide quantitative information on this development. In total, Scopus lists 1183 papers, including journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers, on this subject, all produced between 1961 and 2021. This study employed the Biblioshiny package from R-studio and Excel software to synthesise and analyse this data. In addition, we identified relevancies between the green economy and Islamic finance using existing research. Regarding the results obtained, the natural fit between Islamic finance and a green economy would naturally support the implementation of the latter. Furthermore, the results show that sukuk, in particular, is a potential instrument in Islamic finance for promoting a green economy.
МЕХАНІЗМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ РОЗВИТКУ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ
Authors: Ю.О. Крихтіна
Published: July 2022

У статті розглядаються підходи до державної політики розвитку транспортної інфраструктури як загалом, і стосовно окремих секторів. Висувається теза про те, що державна політика розвитку транспортної інфраструктури охоплює, з одного боку, державну діяльність, пов'язану з виробленням нових напрямів, а також з визначенням засобів забезпечення їхньої дієвості, з іншого, діяльність учасників правовідносин щодо застосування норм права.
FEATURES OF THE LEGAL MECHANISM OF DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
Authors: D. Mykhaylov
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the features of the legal mechanism for the development of public administration and local self-government
Attitude of Nursing Students towards Artificial Intelligence
Authors: J. Sheela
Published: July 2022

The present study was aimed to assess the attitude of nursing students towards artificial intelligence. The objectives of the study were to assess the attitude of nursing students on artificial intelligence & to find the association between attitude towards artificial intelligence and socio demographic variables. The study was conducted among nursing students from selected nursing colleges, Bengaluru with sample size of 189, selected using convenience sampling method. A quantitative non-experimental approach was chosen for the study. The attitude of nursing students regarding artificial intelligence was assessed using structured questionnaire. The result with regard to attitude revealed that 63% of nursing students had unfavorable attitude and 37% had favorable attitude towards artificial intelligence.
The Chi-square test revealed that the association between demographic variables and attitude on artificial intelligence. It showed that there was a no significant association between nursing course, age, previous knowledge and source of information with the attitude of the nursing students on artificial intelligence.

Keywords: attitude, nursing students, artificial intelligence.
Assessing the Effect of Six-Weeks of Moderate Intensity Exercise Training on Cardiovascular Fitness among Young Obese Adults
Authors: D. Patel Hetvi , B. Gunja Dr. Sambhaji
Published: July 2022

Aim – To determine the effectiveness of 6 weeks of moderate intensity exercise training & To provide an appropriate measure of cardiovascular fitness. The YMCA 3minute step test is based on how quickly your heart rate recovers following a short bout of exercise. Hence the purpose was to provide a submaximal measure of cardiovascular fitness after six-weeks of moderate intensity exercise training among young obese adults.
Methodology - According to simple random sampling 50 participants were included in the study after screening for the inclusion criteria. Thereafter They were explained the purpose of the study and the procedure involved in the study. Informed Consent was obtained and a YMCA 3-minute step test was done. Heart rate measures were recorded at the end of the 3-min step test Pre & Post intervention. Data analysis was done at the end of the study.
Results – Post intervention 10 students (20%) out of 50 had good cardiovascular fitness level, 22 students (44%) had an above average cardiovascular fitness, 13 students (26%) had average fitness & 5 students (10%) had below average level of cardiovascular fitness.
Conclusion- This study concluded that, six weeks of moderate intensity exercise training improved cardiovascular fitness and lowered the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in obese young adults.

Keywords: Cardiovascular fitness, YMCA 3minute step test, Moderate intensity exercise training.
Effectiveness of Physical Activity as an Intervention for Clinical Depression: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Paresh Bhavsar Dr. Hetshree
Published: July 2022

The WHO report states that almost 56 million of Indian’s population (4.5%) suffer from depression at this moment. Depression is typically managed in primary care using both pharmacotherapy and psychological interventions; however, less than 25% of the population has access to these treatments. However, the role of exercise as an adjunct to conventional therapies is gaining momentum with large number of recent studies having demonstrated exercise to be effective in reducing depression symptoms. The primary objective of the review is to evaluate the clinical benefits of physical activity in reducing severity of depression symptoms in patients with clinical depression. An English-language literature search using MEDLINE, PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating effects of physical activity among patients with clinical depression. Three RCTs, pharmacotherapy in combination with supervised physical activity showed significant reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score of up to 10% from baseline compared to control (drug only) group. Further 4 RCTs demonstrated that exercise group had 16% reduction in HAM-D & Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score from baseline; compare to control group. 4 RCTs showed no significant difference among exercise and control group out of which 3 RCTs reported 5% higher remission rate in exercise group compare to control group. High frequency, moderate intensity exercise either treadmill or outdoor walking or stationary cycle has effective in lowering the symptoms of depression, determined by significant reduction in HAM-D & BDI score from baseline (50%) and compare to other exercise intervention. Use of aerobic exercise to improve physical activity might be beneficial in improving symptoms of clinical depression. Improvement in functional capacity through aerobic exercises may be associated with antidepressant efficacy. This approach may decrease the use of high dose medications to receive the antidepressant response. However, only moderate effect size with significant remission rate have been reported.

Keywords: clinical depression, major depression, physical activity
Dr. Muñoz Puigcerver: “La deuda externa devora los pocos recursos de los que disponen los países subdesarrollados”
Authors: Acebo Héctor
Published: July 2022

La sensibilidad social, la lucidez y la aversión a los dogmas impregnan todos los análisis de José Manuel Muñoz Puigcerver (Tarragona, España, 1982). En 2015, se doctoró por la Universidad CEU-San Pablo (Madrid) con la tesis ‘El papel de la liberalización comercial en la formación de la Unión Europea’. Ha sido ponente en diversos congresos internacionales y cuenta con artículos publicados en revistas científicas españolas y bolivianas. Actualmente se desempeña, en Madrid, como docente de Economía Internacional en la Universidad Nebrija, en el Real Centro Universitario Escorial-María Cristina, en EAE Business School y en ESIC Business & Marketing School; y colabora en diversos medios de comunicación, como el diario económico ‘Cinco Días’, que forma parte de ‘Elpais.com’. Asimismo, es miembro del comité científico de COMPÁS EMPRESARIAL. En esta ocasión, conversamos con él acerca de diferentes cuestiones de actualidad ligadas a la economía y a la política internacionales.
KAJIAN PENGARUH PERLAKUAN PANAS TERHADAP VISKOSITAS OLI KENDARAAN SAE 20w-50 5w-40 15w-40
Authors: Prihatin Joko , Ardiyanto Farit , Pambudi Slamet
Published: July 2022

Potensi kurang seimbang dengan permasalahan selama ini adalah dalam hal keterbatasan pemahaman penggunaan oli terhadap nilai perawatan yang diterapkan. Sehingga bisa merugikan distributor oli, pengguna dan juga masyarakat luas dan lingkungan alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan angka viskositas terkecil dan terbesar yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan suhu kerja kendaraan. Metode yang diterapkan adalah menggunakan pemanasan lokal pada oli tersebut, selanjutnya dimasukkan ke dalam bejana untuk diketahui kecepatan nilai jatuh bola baja. Analisa data menerapkan grafis dan perhitungan teoritis. Hasil yang dicapai adalah perubahan angka viskositas terkecil yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan suhu kerja kendaraan adalah jenis oli F.O SAE 15w-40 yaitu 9.84-8.75=1.09 kg/m.s. Perubahan angka viskositas terbesar yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan suhu kerja kendaraan adalah jenis oli F.O SAE 20w-50 yaitu 19.62-8.75=10.87 kg/m.s.
 
Kata kunci: viskositas, sae, pemanasan.