bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Ego to Death: Validation of the Ego-Dissolution Scale (EDS)
Authors:   , Senanayake Rebekah
Published: July 2022

Disruptions to the sense of self are dotted across cultures and times in rituals involving hallucinogens, sensory deprivation, trance possession, and meditation. Much of the research on the self or “ego” suggests that the self is a complicated, multi-faceted entity and that there are many aspects that hold together our ego. Yet, current measurements on ego-dissolution focus on a narrow definition of the self. The present study focuses on experiences of ego-dissolution occasioned by the classical psychedelics ayahuasca, DMT, LSD, and psilocybin (magic mushrooms). I compiled a thirty-four item self-report questionnaire with items from relevant factors in three pre-existing validated questionnaires: the Ego-Dissolution Inventory, Mystical Experience Questionnaire, and the Abnormal Mental States Questionnaire. The compiled scale was distributed as an online survey (n = 207) and subjected to an exploratory factor analysis. I extracted six factors related to ego-dissolution: Dissolving of Identity, Dissolving of Physical Body, Dissolving into Environment, Experiences of Eternity, Clarity about Life and Purpose, and Pleasure. The revised scale showed excellent reliability. Ayahuasca and DMT were found to have similar experiences, scoring high on the ego-dissolution factors, and LSD and psilocybin were similar with moderate scores. The two groups were significantly different from each other. Overall, all psychedelics provided new insights into one’s life, and were pleasurable. Dosage was not found to have a significant effect. The revised scale provides a nuanced approach to characterising experiences of ego-dissolution occasioned by classical psychedelics.
Holy Ravishing: Ecstasy and Discipline in the Monastic Teaching of John Cassian
Authors:   , Cashmore Simon
Published: July 2022

The writings of John Cassian greatly influenced the development of Western monasticism. The Institutes and Conferences brought the teaching of monks in the desert wildernesses of Egypt to an eager audience in the Western Roman province of Gaul early in the fifth century. Cassian’s monastic texts teach that ascetic disciplines, such as fasting, sexual abstinence, poverty, liturgical prayer and submission to superiors, are essential for the cultivation of holiness and salvation. However, scattered within these texts are brief descriptions of sudden moments of ecstasy that Cassian calls excessus mentis (ecstasy of the mind). These depictions of spontaneous, ravishing encounters with God appear to contradict the austere ascetic programme of control and constraint advocated in the Institutes and Conferences.

This thesis argues that Cassian’s descriptions of excessus mentis do not contradict the writer’s monastic teaching but instead are key elements of his pedagogy. It shows how Cassian uses the literary technique of imitatio in his descriptions of excessus mentis to convey an experience of such ecstasy to his audience in Gaul. By prompting his audience to undergo an experience of excessus mentis, when they engage with his texts, Cassian hopes to encourage the monks in Gaul to increase their dedication to ascetic disciplines and the pursuit of holiness. The thesis reveals Cassian to be an accomplished literary practitioner as well as an astute teacher of monasticism. Furthermore, it shows that Cassian’s confidence in God’s constant desire for union with humankind, which underpins the presentation of excessus mentis in his texts, is at odds with the writer’s reputation as a proponent of heterodox Pelagianism. Moreover, it contends that political and social forces within the fifth-century Gallic Church most likely deterred Cassian from overtly encouraging monks in the region to seek ecstatic encounters with God.

The research in this thesis advances recent scholarship that examines how texts from Late Antiquity function to communicate knowledge. It also adds to a growing body of research that explores the theology expressed in Cassian’s texts and seeks to identify how the writer’s social and political contexts influenced the composition of these writings.
A systematic revision of the New Zealand Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) with studies on larvae, life histories, distribution, variation, paleogeography, hybrid-zones, mimicry, and environmental melanism
Authors:   , Harris Anthony Clifford
Published: July 2022

Eleven species are recognised from New Zealand. They belong to two subfamilies, Pepsinae and Pompilinae, and to three genera - Priocnemis Schiodte, Cryptochelius Panzer, and Epipompilus Kohl. Chrysocurgus Haupt and Trichocurgus Haupt are removed from Townes' (1957) synonomy with Chirodamus Haliday and resurrected as subgenera of Priocnemis Schiodte, and ten specific names are placed in new synonomy. The following taxa are described as new: Priocnemis (Chrysocurgus) nudopropodea, P. (Trichocurgus) ordishi, and P. (T.) crawi. The sexes are correctly associated for all species - most for the first time. All previously - known species are re-described, morphological structures are illustrated, and keys to species are given for both sexes. Taxonomic decisions are supported by biological, behavioural, and distributional data. Behaviour and nesting cycles are described for all species, life histories are given for six, and the final instar larvae of five species are described. Three species nest above ground, of which E.insularis oviposits on spiders in situ within the diurnal retreats, without making nests. P.(c.) fugax is a mud-dauber favouring beetle pupal chambers in trees, P.(T.) nitidiventris is a stenotope psammophile, while the other species make subterranean nests in diverse habitats; several making single-celled nests, some making multicellular ones, others being colonial. Geographical variation (including mimicry and parallel ecophenotypical colour variation) is described, and distributions of all species are shown, and discussed in relation to contemporary geography and climate, and to paleogeography. Seven subspecies disjunct at sites of past and present physical barriers are described, but not named. Affinities of the New Zealand species are commented on. Cryptocheilus australis Guerin was introduced from Australia in the past three decades. E. insularis has strong Tasmanian affinities, while the remaining pompilids have affinities with South America and in particular with subgenus Sphictostethus.
Exploiting Radio Irregularity in Wireless Networks for Automated People Counting
Authors:   , Lin Wei-Chuan
Published: July 2022

Wireless devices exist almost everywhere in our daily life. Wireless communications, which is an integral part of wireless devices, suffers from radio irregularity – a phenomenon referring to radio waves being selectively absorbed, reflected or scattered by objects in their paths, e.g., human bodies that comprises liquid, bone and flesh. Radio irregularity is often treated as a major challenge for wireless communication. However, we aim to take advantage of the phenomenon of radio irregularity to provide a cost-effective approach for automated people counting. People counting is extensively used for intelligence-gathering to be used in forecasting, resource allocation and safety-related applications like crowd control. Existing people counting techniques use light, infrared, or thermal energy for human movement detection. However there have major limitations, for example the visible light camera and infrared sensors do not penetrate smoke or obstacles such as wall and furniture. Also, a large deployment of these devices is costly owing to the use of specialized sensors.

We propose an automated people counting system using the radio irregularity phenomenon of existing wireless infrastructure with minimal additional hardware and installation costs. This thesis presents an experimental study to demonstrate how radio signal fluctuations arising from radio irregularity can be used to provide a simple low-cost alternative to dedicated sensing systems for indoor automated people counting. Firstly, we study the effect on received signal strength with human motion interference on radio signals. Then we propose and evaluate the performance of three approaches, namely, overcomplete dictionary based pattern recognition (OCPR) approach, probability density approach and standard deviation approach. With high accuracy of motion detection, we then focus on the design of automated people counting system using the proposed detection approach. To differentiate the number of people, we apply discriminant analysis which is a statistical method to perform classification based on independent variables. We validated the proposed people counting system by conducting experiments under both controlled and uncontrolled environments and show that we are able to achieve high accuracy in counting up to five people in groups with no specific formation.
The Application of Pile Foundation Bearing-Retaining Wall Combination Structure in a Mountainous Urban High Fill Project
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Mao Xiaoguang , Su Qi
Published: July 2022

Pile foundation bearing-retaining wall combination structure is a new type of support structure developed in recent years. This article focuses on the characteristics, advantages, and application scope of the support structure, while combining a variety of algorithms, according to different geological conditions and slope stability, as well as summarizes the pile foundation bearing-retaining wall combination structure force analysis and design methods, taking a high-fill road project in Chongqing as an example. The application of this support structure under special conditions, such as thicker soil layer, steeper sliding surface, weak foundation, and limited slope release conditions, is presented, which illustrates the technical advantages of this support structure and proving that it has several other advantages, including clear force mechanism as well as economic and reasonable structure, thus providing reference for similar projects.
A Study on the Reuse Modes and Renovation Strategies of Contemporary Chinese Urban Industrial Buildings
Authors: Chen Youfa , Hu Jingdong
Published: July 2022

With the progress of urbanization in China, the pace of urban renewal is accelerating. Various factors have prompted the transformation of industrial buildings in the city. Following the transformation, old industrial buildings have shown a new look with diversification and modernization. This article briefly describes contemporary China. The background of industrial building renovation and the analysis of the redevelopment and utilization modes as well as renovation strategies in conjunction with case studies provide a summary and enlightenment for the renovation of industrial heritage buildings in the city.
混凝优化控制地表水中微塑料污染研究
Authors: 诗雅 孙 , 雯 孙 , 佳慧 张 , 昕宇 李 , 建飞 许
Published: July 2022

微塑料（MPs），是指粒径小于5mm的塑料碎片。研究表明MPs会给水体带来生态毒理风险。而传统给水处理工艺对MPs的去除效果并不显著，MPs很可能通过饮用水危害人体健康。本综述主要通过分析MPs的赋存、特性、丰度以及对比混凝剂、絮凝剂种类和计量等对混凝去除MPs相关研究进行总结。综述有助于解析MPs在地表水中的环境行为，为进一步提高传统给水处理工艺对MPs的去除效果提供思路，同时也为地表水中MPs的生态风险评估及污染防治提供理论依据和参考。
综合评价方法在环境评价中的应用
Authors: 敏敏 吕 , 晓辉 高
Published: July 2022

随着经济的不断发展和工业化进程的加快，环境保护的重要性也随之增加。在进行环境评价时，一般的日常问题可以通过列举清单法和网络法等简单的综合评估法进行处理。但对于某些较为复杂、麻烦的问题，则必须采用更为高效的评价手段。为此，论文先对综合评价方法进行了简单的概述，然后详细地阐述了综合评价方法在环境评价中的应用方向，并对其应用中出现的问题提出了相应的改良策略，以期对今后的环境评价工作提供有用的借鉴。
关于环评报告技术评估的研究
Authors: 晓辉 高 , 敏敏 吕
Published: July 2022

环评报告技术（EIA）评估是控制建设项目环境、影响评价报告编制质量的前提和切实可行的手段，是处理环境影响评价报告技术审查问题的关键保障。基于此，论文首先阐述了环评报告技术评估概念、主要内容以及原则，继而总结了环评报告技术评估面临的现状，最后深入分析了提高环评技术评估的有效途径以及各个方面注意事项，供相关学者借鉴。
谈环保工程水处理过程中的超滤膜技术应用
Authors: 建杰 王
Published: July 2022

超滤膜技术对于环保工程水处理来说是十分重要的，该项技术可以大大缓解水资源的污染问题。论文从超滤膜技术应用原理以及特点出发，本着实事求是的态度，对环保工程水处理过程中涉及的超滤膜技术的类型以及具体应用进行分析讨论，希望能够为今后的研究工作打下一个良好的基础。
关于低碳源污水的脱氮除磷技术的相关阐述
Authors: 岚欣 张 , 威 王
Published: July 2022

在对污水进行处理时，当污水中的氮磷含量超过排放标准时，需要采取一定的工艺措施实现脱氮除磷，在具体实施中不仅需要除磷排泥和反硝化工艺，还需要对碳源进行综合考量。尤其是在一些低碳源污水处理中，为了达到氨氮、总氮、总磷的排放指标要求，需要向废水中添加一定量的碳源，因此加大了污水处理成本。基于此，需要对低碳源污水的脱氮除磷技术进行优化设计，既要提高处理消耗，又要节能降耗，减少运行成本，实现经济效益、生态效益的综合性提升。论文主要对低碳源污水的脱氮除磷技术进行优化应用，旨在进一步提高污水脱氮除磷技术水平，控制运行费用。
探讨生物强化技术在水污染治理中的应用
Authors: 震 王 , 威 陶 , 松 刘
Published: July 2022

水生态环境在自然生态系统中占据重要地位，只有在保障良好水质条件的前提下，才能为社会生产生活提供可靠支撑，增强社会可持续发展动力。对于水污染问题的科学治理，是目前环境保护工程的基本内容，传统技术手段无法达到治理目标要求，限制了环保事业的快速发展。随着生物强化技术的融合应用，治理效果得到全面改善，已经成为目前实践工作中的主要技术手段。论文对生物强化技术的作用机理和菌剂来源加以介绍，分析生物强化技术在水污染治理中的应用优势，探索生物强化技术在水污染治理中的应用措施。
2010—2019 年京津冀交通运输碳排放强度分析
Authors: 淘宁 董
Published: July 2022

促进交通低碳化已成为中国发展的重要议题。为分析京津冀协同发展背景下交通运输碳排放的时空演变规律及差异，核算了京津冀地区2010—2019年间交通运输碳排放量及碳排放强度数据并分析其空间变化特征，最后提出适合于京津冀地区各自特点的研究建议。
Aprender com o passado O projeto Saborea e o rebranding do destino Madeira na era pós-pandémica
Authors: Silva António , Leite Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Desde janeiro de 2020, um consórcio multissetorial de instituições madeirenses está envolvido no projeto INTERREG SABOREA Mac. O principal objetivo deste cluster regional é colocar a Madeira no mapa dos destinos gastronómicos. O momento não poderia ser pior: um desastre à escala mundial que afeta gravemente a indústria do turismo no âmbito de uma pandemia, que ninguém previu. Estamos hoje perante uma falta absoluta de estudos sobre o impacto de uma crise sanitária de tal magnitude, impensável há um ano, nesta área de atividade. Olhar para o passado é uma forma de responder à necessidade de reavaliar no imediato a estratégia delineada anteriormente pelo consórcio SABOREA numa conjuntura totalmente diferente. Neste artigo, analisaremos o plano de ação adotado pelos organizadores do Vº Centenário do Descobrimento da Madeira no final da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Perante os efeitos cumulados do conflito e da gripe espanhola, conceberam uma estratégia de “rebranding”, que continua, ainda hoje, a moldar a perceção do destino Madeira. Este caso de estudo serve como ponto de partida para reavaliar em que medida o projeto em análise ainda se adequa no contexto pós-pandémico. Realça o potencial de uma abordagem histórica para repensar em tempo útil como lidar com mudanças drásticas no mercado de turismo. Confirma também que as estratégias de branding baseadas em valores fortes, multissetorialidade e estratégias participativas podem ser muito resilientes, mesmo em situações extremas.
Türkiye Yongalevha Endüstrisinin Üretim Problemleri Ve Çözüm Önerilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AYDIN Aytaç , NEMLİ Gökay
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmada orman ürünleri sanayi içerisinde önemli bir yeri olan ve birçok farklı sektöre hammadde olarak kullanılan yongalevhanın üretim aşamasında karşılaşılan sorunların tespit edilmesi ve sektörün bu sorunların çözümünde ortaya koyduğu çözüm yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tüketicilerin yongalevhadan beklediği kalite özelliklerinin de belirlenmesi bir diğer amacı oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçlarla hazırlanan anket formu Türkiye genelinde yongalevha üretimi yapan tesis üretim sorumlularına uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda tüketici kalite beklentileri, yongalevha üretiminde karşılaşılan sorunların sıklık düzeyleri ve öncelik sıralamaları ile sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerileri ortaya koyulmuştur. Müşterilerden gelen en önemli beklentinin düşük fiyat ve hızlı teslimat olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Yongalevha üretiminde ortaya çıkan en önemli sorunların ondülasyon ve gözenekli yüzey oluşumu olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Komşuluk Planlamasında Eko Verimlilik Ajandaları: Örnekler Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KIRKIK AYDEMİR K.pınar , KAZANCI Gamze , KURNAZ Ahmet
Published: July 2022

Kentlerde altyapının inşası sürecinde izlenen yöntem ve teknikler, yapım ve uygulama şekli, mevcut şehri geliştirmek ve yaşanabilir hale getirmek açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bütünsel planlama yaklaşımı ile bölge ölçeğinden mahalle ölçeğine ve hatta mikro düzeye inebilen sistemsel bir çözüm ile kaliteli çevreler yaratmak mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar, eko mahallelerin iklim değişikliği için gerekli olan mavi-yeşil altyapı, hammadde ve doğal kaynak verimliliği, geri dönüştürülebilir atık malzeme yönetimi ve enerji tasarrufu gibi eko verimliliğe dayalı stratejiler ile sürdürülebilirliği sağladığı yönündedir. Özellikle yerel düzeyde ekolojik tasarım, çevrenin kalitesini geliştirme şekli olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu noktada, eko tasarım rehberleri ve eko verimlilik ajandaları önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, eko komşuluğun yapısını ekolojik ağ örüntüsü-eko verimlilik kavramları üzerinden ele almaktadır. Çalışma, geleneksel komşuluk teorisinden başlayarak kentsel tasarımı yönlendiren kriterler, sürdürülebilirlik ve ekolojik yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir. Ekolojik tasarımı oluşturan ilkelerde eko verimliliği öne çıkaran uluslararası örnekler incelenmiş; kentsel sistemler bütünü içerisinde mavi-yeşil altyapı, ulaşım, atık ve enerji konularının öne çıktığı içerik analizi yöntemi ile kavramsal bir model önerisi geliştirilmiştir. Tümden gelim – tüme varım şeklinde kapsamlı bir yaklaşımla kent sistemi içerisinde eko kriterler belirtilerek, eko verimlilik- eko duyarlılık ilkelerini planlama/tasarıma dâhil eden bütüncül bir kavramsal model oluşturulması amaçlanmış, geliştirilecek eko komşuluk birimleri için işleyiş şeması ortaya konmuştur.
Financing Restructuring During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Tadhbiq Ahkam Paradigm
Authors: Adawiyah Endah Robiatul , Setiadi Rudi , Rohandi Dadang , Wahrudin Udin , Ummah Inayatul
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The Paper is to study the Restukturization Of Financing During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Maqashid Paradigm As-Syar'iyahDesign/Method/Approach : This research uses qualitative methods with a library study approach. in analyzing the position of financing restucturization during the pandemic from the point of view of maqasid al-syar'iyahFindings: The discussion is considered important because by digging from the point of view of muamalah figh in terms of Magashid Syari’ah so that the discussion specifically becomes the first two discussions, from the restructuring process of financing during the pandemic, restructuring which was developed with the istimbat ahkam with the aim of magashid syari’ah as part of Hifdul Maal [Maintaining Property] which is motivated by the social condition of public health, namely during the pandemic period empirically with analysis and argumentation, the second is the harmonization of syari’ah policies with the situation. Research subject related to causes and reasons for implementing decisions on financing restricting with Magashid Syari’ah., a paradigm developed through financing risk mitigation and the Magashid As-Syari’ah paradigm in legal protection based on the existence of benefits that are dharuriyyat [primary needs]. Hajiyat [secondary needs], and Tahsinivat [tertiary needs], with regard to protection of proferty [hifdz a-Maal] and hifdz al –nafs [guarding the soul] with legal arguments built starting from the view that the return on financing is carried out from bank financial institutioins Sharia is an obligation that must be fulfilled, in the process of fulfilling the obligatons given by financial institutions based on general and special considerations, especialty for conditions beyons the will and ability of humans, the ability to return financing is hindered due the covid-19 pandemic, there is a restructuring formulation. A is, namely postponemet of loan principal, postponement of principal and margin, delay of remaining principal extension of repayment period, and reduction in margins on people’s business financing (PUR) Originality/Values: The main contribution of this research is a concern in filling the gap in how the concept of Islamic economics in the restucturization of financing to business actors
ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS ARM ROLL TRUK PENGANGKUT SAMPAH DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA (STUDI KASUS: KECAMATAN PAHANDUT)
Authors: Kristianto Indra , Murniati Murniati , Riani Desi
Published: July 2022

Pertumbuhan penduduk di Kecamatan Pahandut, Kota Palangka Raya, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah berkembang pesat. Jumlah penduduk, yang terdapat pertokoan, pasar tradisional, dan keberadaan Bandara Tjilik Riwut, pasti  berpengaruh besar dalam masalah persampahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung produktivitas arm roll truck pengangkut sampah di Kecamatan, dan agar mengetahui berapa produktivitas truk pengangkut sampah di Kecamatan Pahandut. Pengangkutan sampah menggunakan metode HCS (Hauled Container System) dimana kontainer untuk menyimpan sampah diangkut ke tempat pembuangan, dikosongkan, dan dikembalikan ke lokasi semula atau dipindahkan ke lokasi lain. Untuk pengumpulan data dilakukan survei ke lapangan dan dianalisis menggunakan metode emperis. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa kapasitas rata-rata yang diangkut dengan sistem wadah angkut menggunakan arm roll truck adalah 23,890 m3/hari atau sama dengan 6,544 m3/jam/truk. Waktu angkut rata-rata yang dibutuhkan truk untuk beroperasi setiap hari adalah 3,628 jam/hari dengan jumlah ritasi pengangkutan 15 rit/hari.
OPTIMASI PEMANFAATAN SUMBER AIR UNTUK IRIGASI PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI KREMIT
Authors: Budianto Muh Bagus , Kholilaturrohmi Siti , Setiawan Ery
Published: July 2022

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Kremit merupakan salah satu DAS yang ada di Pulau Lombok. Di sepanjang Sungai Kremit terdapat tiga bendung yang melayani areal irigasi seluas 1.773 ha. Permasalahan pada DAS Kremit adalah ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan air dan ketersediaan air di hulu dan hilir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan potensi air pada DAS Kremit. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan metode optimasi dengan program linier. Optimasi dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan asas keseimbangan dan keadilan dengan memaksimumkan luas tanam untuk mendapatkan keuntungan usaha tani. Output yang dihasilkan optimasi berupa luas tanam tiap musim, pemberian air dan keuntungan yang diperoleh pada keandalan 80% dan 50%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pemanfaatan sumberdaya air pada DAS Kremit untuk irigasi dengan pola tanam padi-padi/palawija-palawija dengan debit andalan Q80 sebesar Rp. 116.918.174.838,-, dengan luas tanam 982 ha pada musim tanam pertama, 1.625 ha pada musim tanam kedua (385 ha padi dan 1.240 ha palawija) dan 1.773 ha untuk musim tanam ketiga. Sedangkan keuntungan yang diperoleh untuk Q50 sebesar Rp 133.726.364.036,-, dengan luas tanam 1.773 ha pada setiap musim tanam.
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Nigerian Medical Doctors
Authors: Nri-Ezedi CA , Okechukwu C , Ofiaeli OC , Nwaneli E , Musa S , Kida I , Adetola H , Ulasi TO
Published: July 2022

Background: Since its discovery in late 2019, COVID-19 has claimed approximately three million lives worldwide, causing a significant economic burden and strain on health care delivery and services. Therefore, the COVID-19 vaccine may offer the potential to promote global recovery.

Objective: To determine the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine among Nigerian doctors and the factors influencing the acceptance.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, an anonymous online survey was administered to medical doctors across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria between 13 January and 31 January 2021, using the health belief model (HBM).

Results: Out of 830 respondents, 38.8% were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine, 36.0% were unsure, while the remaining 26.5% refused to take the vaccine. Following adjustments, males were more likely to take the vaccine (OR = 3.357; 95% CI 2.009-5.610; p = 0.0001), whereas increasing age, higher perceived viral virulence and perceived viral infectivity were observed to be significantly associated with less likelihood of accepting the vaccine. Respondents who believed in the efficacy of ivermectin were much less likely to receive the vaccine (OR = 0.217; 95% CI 0.108-0.436; p = 0.001). Concerns on vaccination safety were the main barriers to vaccine acceptability. Hypothetically addressing these concerns increased vaccine acceptance rates by approximately a third (34.6%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The proposed nationwide distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine may be met with poor vaccine acceptability among Nigerian medical practitioners. Measures specifically addressing vaccine safety concerns should be provided to allay fears and enhance the acceptability of the vaccine.
Parent’s Knowledge, Attitude and Pattern of Care for Children with Epilepsy in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Salisu MA , Senbanjo IO , Oshikoya KA , Lamina MO , Alaje EO
Published: July 2022

Background: Epilepsy is a common paediatric neurologic disorder associated with stigmatisation due to a lack of understanding of the disease and wrong beliefs.

Objective: To assess parents’ knowledge about epilepsy, attitude towards the disease and care for the affected child in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of parents of children with epilepsy presenting to the Paediatric Neurology Out-Patient Clinic in a tertiary facility between June and August 2019. Data collection was done using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results: A total of 112 parent-child pairs participated in this study. The mean age of the fathers and mothers were 44.9 ± 10.4 years and 37.9 ± 9.0 years, respectively. Most (98.2%) of the parents had at least a secondary level of education, and about half (42.9%) belonged to the upper socioeconomic class. About three-quarters (73.2%) of parents have heard about epilepsy before presentation at the clinic. Twenty-eight (25%) parents had misconceptions or no idea of the causes of epilepsy. About a third of the parents did not know the correct measures to be taken during seizure attacks. Three-quarters (76.8%) of children received prescribed medication regularly, and one of the reasons given for non-compliance with medications was poor effectiveness of the medications. (15.4%).

Conclusions: The attitude and care of parents towards children living with epilepsy were poor. A period must be dedicated to educating all parents as soon as they present to the clinic with their children.
An overview of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing principles, architecture, and its application
Authors: Sheriff Alimi  , Olujimi D Alao  , Quadri A Mumuni
Published: July 2022

In this work, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing’s (OFDM) principles, implementation design or high-level system architecture and application were reviewed. The condition for orthogonality, frequency spacing between consecutive subcarriers (called frequency spacing) was established analytically with practical instance highlighted. The review also covers Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) which serves as a bank of demodulators while Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) serves as a bank of modulators in an OFDM system, advancement in OFDM, Quadrature modulation types (Binary Phase Shift Keying, 4-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, 8-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, and 64-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM) and spectrum efficiency was also covered. Several technologies that use OFDM were mentioned but attention was given to its usage in Wireless LAN 802.11a.
Use of the WALANT technique in osteosynthesis of the distal radius: Description of a case
Authors: Taoukreo Felna Ousmane  , ZOFFOUN Orestes  , NAJIB Abedeljaouad  , LACHKAR Adnane  , BOGGIONE Christophe  , YACOUBI Hicham  , DE COUCY François
Published: July 2022

Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures of the upper limb. It is a common fracture in the elderly and the indiction of an osteosynthesis by locked plate is often posed in view of the osteopenia. Surgical fixation of distal radius fractures under local anesthesia with the patient wide awake without a tourniquet allows intraoperative testing of fixation stability under active mobilization. This technique allows elderly people with extensive comorbidities to avoid the adverse effects commonly associated with general anesthesia or axillary blocks. The WALANT anesthesia technique (awake local anesthesia without tourniquet) consists of an injection of a local anesthetic of lidocaine and epinephrine into the operating field and without the use of a tourniquet. This article reports the detailed management under WALANT of osteosynthesis of the distal radius in an elderly patient presenting with extensive comorbidities.
Increasing oral hygiene behavior through correct habits of miswak on students of secondary school
Authors: Moh. Khafid  , Agung Wicaksono  , Basma Rosandi Prakosa  , Muhammad Khabib
Published: July 2022

Background: Poor oral hygiene increases the risk of dental caries. One of the efforts to improve oral hygiene is to remove plaque regularly by using miswak. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectivity of correct habits of miswak in improving oral hygiene behaviour in school children. Material and methods: Study was given to 31 participants with an age range of 10-15 years at secondary school at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. The method is carried out through 3 stages, which were the field data collection, field intervention, and the establishment of a sustainability program. Field data collection was carried out through a questionnaire method and skill assessment using miswak with a pre-test and post-test design. The intervention uses poster media, and to ensure the sustainability of program implementation, collaboration with institutions is carried out in the procurement of miswak facilities and mandatory miswak programs in the Madrasah environment. Indicator analysis was carried out through a paired 2-group comparative test with a 95% confidence level processed with IBM SPPS 21. Results: Wilcoxon statistical test before and after the delivery of intervention materials showed an increase in knowledge and skills (p <0.05) of the participants. Increased awareness of oral hygiene behavior in intervention participants is known through increasing both knowledge and skills in maintaining oral hygiene before and after intervention. Conclusion: It can be concluded that miswak is effective in improving oral hygiene behavior in school children aged 10-15 years.
"Quero e vou continuar sendo índia aqui, lá ou acolá”
Authors: Gayo Clarice Ehmke , Wittmann Luisa Tombini
Published: July 2022

A história do Vale do Itajaí-SC é muito mais diversa e conflituosa do que aparenta uma história única pautada na memória elogiosa da imigração europeia. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma reflexão histórica e de ensino de história que dialogue com produções Laklãnõ-Xokleng, sobretudo TCCs do Curso de Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena do Sul da Mata Atlântica (UFSC) e narrativas de mulheres indígenas que moram em cidades e mantém vínculos profundos com a Terra Indígena Ibirama Laklãnõ. As trajetórias de Maria Elis Tolym Nunc-Nfôonro e Ana Roberta Uglõ Patté revelam desafios enfrentados pelos povos indígenas na contemporaneidade, que resultam de violentos processos históricos e geram incansáveis lutas no campo da educação e no combate ao racismo. Este estudo resultou na elaboração de um material didático, apresentado na parte final deste texto, que contribui com a implementação da Lei 11.645/2008 ao propor atividades de investigação histórica através da análise fontes diversas para o ensino de história indígena. “Gente Agente” é um site educativo, disponível também em ebook, composto de seis aulas-oficinas nas quais estudantes são instigados/as a conhecer e a analisar histórias através de perspectivas indígenas.
Linguagens e tecnologias digitais
Authors: Silveira Junior Marcos Daniel , Marcelino José Antonio
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as dificuldades dos alunos na disciplina de matemática e esclarecer possíveis motivos para os baixos desempenhos dos discentes nessa disciplina. O letramento científico, letramento matemático e uso de tecnologias digitais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem é abordado como facilitadores desse processo de aprendizagem. Buscou-se em pesquisas efetuadas anteriormente, avaliar a eficiência e eficácia desse modelo de ensino-aprendizagem. Foram utilizadas pesquisas do PISA referentes aos anos de 2009 e 2018 para abordar os problemas na no ensino-aprendizagem em matemática e como essas três ferramentas podem auxiliar para uma melhora nesse processo.
On the Interactive Models in Political Science Research
Authors: MORAL Dr. Mert
Published: July 2022

Interactive models have been increasingly used in social science research to assess conditional theoretical expectations and hypotheses empirically. However, the direct, indirect, and marginal effects of the constitutive terms in interactive linear and non-linear models are often erroneously calculated and interpreted. This study examines the contemporary political methodology literature pointing to various sources of such errors and presenting alternative methods to calculate marginal effects and diagnostic tools. The proposed methods and statistical tools are then examined with the help of several applied and hypothetical examples, and several essential takeaways are summarized in the concluding section. Consequently, this study aims to help Turkish scholars avoid similar errors in positing conditional expectations, testing those using quantitative methods, and interpreting their findings.
Factores claves en la transformación digital de las organizaciones educativas
Authors: López-Gracia Ángela , González-Ramírez Teresa , De Pablos-Pons Juan
Published: July 2022

Actualmente nos desenvolvemos en la Sociedad del Conocimiento y Tecnología. La educación adopta un papel clave, debiendo responder a demandas emergentes. Además, teniendo presente la actual situación sanitaria por el COVID19, los centros educativos han sentido la necesidad de implementar la esfera digital en el conjunto de sus actuaciones, visibilizándose la necesidad de una transformación real y profunda.

Desde el ámbito científico, cuando aludimos a educación y tecnología, numerosas investigaciones lo abordan de manera fragmentada: profesorado, alumnado, implementación pedagógica, familias, etc.

Para aportar una visión holística, surgen políticas orientadas al desarrollo integral de la competencia digital. Concretamente hablamos del Marco Europeo para Organizaciones Educativas Digitalmente Competentes, y su concreción en Andalucía, iniciada voluntariamente con el Programa de Transformación Digital, y posteriormente, debido al COVID19, de forma obligatoria con la Transformación Digital Educativa.

Atendiendo a estos marcos, se presenta una investigación cualitativa con diseño longitudinal, y mediante el estudio de casos se pretende conocer cómo se produce ese proceso de transformación en centros de Sevilla, incorporando percepciones de los participantes.

En los resultados obtenidos se identifican aspectos relacionados con equipamientos, profesorado y alumnado. Así como la emergencia de la cultura digital como factor clave. A este respecto cabe pensar que, a un mayor nivel de digitalización de los centros, corresponde una mayor cultura digital, así como un modelo de transformación cultural con una predisposición favorable a la digitalización de estos. No obstante, será necesario esperar a la finalización del proceso para la identificación de factores que dificultan la digitalización.
Development of application regimes for universal disinfectant and compositions on its base for eggshell decontamination
Authors:   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Kozak Sergei , Sleza Anastasiya ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia
Published: July 2022

Disinfecting properties have been investigated of universal disinfectant at the base of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonia chloride and alkyl dimethyl (ethyl) benzyl ammonium chloride (UDC) and some compositions on its base (K1, K2 and K3). Application of 1% UDC solution and K1 (1.0% UDC and 2.0% cleaning and degreasing composition) for table egg disinfection with mechanical (2 min) and manual (5 min) ways has been established to decrease KMAFAnM on shell to normative traits and to inactivate coli group bacteria and Salmonella enteritidis. Disinfection does not influence on eggshell color and structure and on sensory qualities of egg content.
Convective drying of poultry chips
Authors:   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Agafonichev Valeriy , Makhonina Valentina ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Roslikov Danil ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Dmitrienko Irina ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia
Published: July 2022

Convective drying is the most common way of poultry meat chips dehydration. These drying kinetic traits are the base for hardware design of technological process for this product production. Convective drying kinetic traits have been determined for chips samples with 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm thickness made from whole muscle chicken and turkey thighs and also from minced chicken fillets 2, 3 and 4 mm thickness. Presence of partial volume evaporation has been established (about 90%) for samples with 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm thickness made from whole muscle chicken and turkey thighs. It was found that for drying plates from minced poultry meat direct dependence between different plate thicknesses and evaporation intensity is less pronounced than for drying plates from whole muscles with the same thicknesses.
Raw material quality study for mechanical deboning in poultry processing brand
Authors:   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC “ARRTPI” RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Abaldova Valentina , Ovcharenko Vera ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC “ARRTPI” RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia
Published: July 2022

The results of raw material quality study for mechanically deboned poultry meat producing have been presented in the paper. Some proposals have been given for similar groups forming depending on carcass species and its anatomical part.
BIMBINGAN BELAJAR MELALUI PROGRAM â€œSMART HOUSEâ€ SOLUSI MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR DARING DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Masnur Masnur , Zulkifli Zulkifli , Amri Ahmad , Syam Muh Rizal , Lestari Putri Veronica , Astira Astira , Yuliana Yuliana , Aprilia Vingky , Karmil Karmil
Published: July 2022

Pandemi membuat semuanya tidak berjalan dengan semestinya banyak sector yang terdampak akibat adanya pandemic ini, mulai dari sector kesehatan, ekonomi, sosial masyarakat maupun sector pendidikan. Hal ini membuat menteri pendidikan menerbitkan pedoman penyelenggaraan belajar dari rumah untuk mengurangin penyebaran virus covid-19, namun bukan berarti pedoman yang di keluarkan ini berjalan dengan baik karena melihat dari system pembelajaran daring atau online membuat siswa banyak yang kesusahan dalam proses pembelajaran dari ini. Maka dengan ini Mahasiswa Kuliah Kerja Nyata Universistas Muhammadiyah Parepare mengadakan Bimbingan belajar untuk siswa di sekitaran kelurahan lompoe RW 02. metode yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran ini ialah metode ceramah dan metode demontrasi yang mana kedua metode ini sangat efektif dalam menjalankan bimbingan belajar ini sehingga output dari bimbingan belajar ini sangat membantu anak-anak Karena mereka lebih paham mengenai materi yang di berikan dari sekolahan.
PKM BUAH NAGA DI KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Syafriani Syafriani , Afiah Afiah , Syahrial Syahrial
Published: July 2022

Buah naga merupakan buah yang kaya akan manfaat bagi tubuh selain sebagai sumber protein, buah nagaÂ  ternyata juga bisa jadi sumber vitamin dan mineral yang baik untuk tubuh dalam pengembangannya buah naga ini dapat diolah menjadi Â produkÂ  yangÂ  bervariasiÂ  dan bernilaiÂ  tinggi.Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah membantu para petani buah nagaÂ  bisa mengembangkan usahanya. Metode pengabdian: penyuluhan, Desain kemasan produk, Pelatihan, Uji coba. Hasil: petani tidak lagi menjual hasil panennya kepengepul pasar dengan begitu saja akan tetapi terdapat berbagaima olahan produk yang dilakukannya sampai kepada Â strategi pemasaran. Produk-produk yang kaya dengan gizi dan sehat seperti olahan kerupuk, selai, mie dari buah naga. Kesimpulan: 1. Keutungan penjualan hasil olahan untuk kerupuk buah naga RP.10.000 perbungkus setelah dihitung pembuatan kerupuk buah naga RP8.000, selanjutnya mie buah naga dinjual dengan harga RP. 15 .000 perkg setelah dihitung pembuatan mie RP.10.000 dan selai buah naga dijual dengan harga RP.10.000 setelah dihitung kembali pembuatan RP.6.000 2. Strategi pemasaran dilakukan dengan pengemasan dengan semenarik mungkin karena orang yang memproduksinya hanya sedikit dan dikembangkan melalui sosial media, ditoko-toko
PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGOLAHAN PUDING JAGUNG DI DESA SANROBONE KAB. TAKALAR
Authors: Sumiaty Sumiaty , Rusydi Arni Rizqiani , Mahmud Nur Ulmy , Yuliati Yuliati
Published: July 2022

Berbagai permasalahan harus segera diatasi guna meningkatkan Â pemanfaatan jagung dalam negeri, di Kabupaten Takalar khususnya. menurunnya kondisi ekonomi masyarakat yang salah satunya dapat disebabkan oleh dampak dari pandemic covid-19 juga merupakan masalah bagi masyarakat sehingga masyarakat di tuntut untuk lebih kreatif dalam menciptakan peluang usaha lain yang berpotensi meningkatkan pendapatan mereka. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, maka perlu dibangun model kemitraan. rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai manfaat jagungÂ  Â bagiÂ  Â kesehatanÂ Â  sertaÂ  Â minimnyaÂ  Â pengetahuanÂ  Â masyarakatÂ  Â mengenaiÂ  Â diversifikasi pengolahan jagung yang dapat bernilai ekonomis dan mampu meningkatkan inkam masyarakat, merupakan masalah yang penting untuk di kaji. Tujuan dari PkM ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan skill masyarakat melalui pengolahan pudding jagung. Metode yang dilakukan diawali dengan observasi, penentuan prioritas masalah, diskusi dan wawancara penentuan solusi. Kegiatan pengabdian ini berlangsung pada tanggal 13 Oktober 2021, tepatnya di Kantor Desa Sanrobone Kab. Takalar. Kegiatan ini melibatkan tim pengabdi Dr. Sumiaty, SKM., M.Kes selaku ketua dan Dr.Arni Rizqiani Rusydi sebagai anggota, merupakan dosen Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Kegiatan ini diawali dengan penyuluhan mengenai kandungan gizi pada jagung dan dilanjutkan dengan praktek pembuatan puding jagung. Berdasarkan hasil pre dan post test pada pelaksanaan kegiatan, diketahui bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan ibu-ibu PKK sebesar 17,8%. Hasil Â pengabdian Â pada Â masyarakat Â ini Â menjadi Â penting Â sebagai Â bahan Â rujukan Â bagi masyarakat dalam meningkatkan produktivitas melalui pengolahan puding jagung dan memiliki nilai jual yang dapat meningkatkan perekonomiannya.
PENERAPAN SISTEM APLIKASI PROMOSI DAN PENJUALAN ON LINE BERBASIS ANDROID PADA UKM BATIK BLEKOK DI KELURAHAN MANGUNHARJO KECAMATAN TEMBALANG KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Yudantoro Tri Raharjo , Mardiyono Mardiyono , Kurnianingsih Kurnianingsih , Santoso Kuwat , Yanwari Irwan , Wiktasari Wiktasari , Aji Nurseno Bayu , Wibowo Angga Wahyu , Thohari Afandi Nur Aziz
Published: July 2022

Kegiatan diseminasi produk teknologi kepada masyarakat yang diajukan pada proposal ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif solusi pemecahan masalah yang ada pada UKM Batik Blekok di Kelurahan Mangunharjo Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Semarang, yaitu dengan penerapan teknologi informasi (IT) untuk digitalisasi sistem pemasaran dan penjualannya. Permasalah utama yang ada pada UKM Batik Blekok ini adalah minimnya order, ketidakpastian jumlah order, minimnya customer, dan masih terbatasnya wilayah pemasaran dan penjualannya. Alternatif solusi yang akan diterapkan di UKM tersebut adalah penggunaan aplikasi mobile untuk promosi dan penjualan berbasis android yang terintegrasi ke media sosial seperti facebook, dan instagram. Kegiatan ini direncanakan dalam waktu 5 (lima) bulan yang terdiri dari 5 tahapan meliputi: bulan pertama untuk kegiatan observasi lapangan, diskusi dengan Mitra, dan analisis situasi untuk menetapkan permasalahan yang dihadapi Mitra. Pada bulanÂ  pertama ini pula mulai dilakukan proses desain aplikasi dan database aplikasi online berbasis android. Bulan kedua digunakan untuk pembuatan aplikasi Android dan database. Bulan ketiga digunakan untuk pelatihan SDM agar terampil dalam mengoperasikan sistem aplikasi berbasis android dan sekaligus dilakukan uji coba (trial and error) penerapan dan koreksi sistem aplikasi Android. Bulan keempat dilakukan publikasi pada media massa dan jurnal, sedangkan pada bulan kelimaÂ  dilakukan pembuatan laporan akhir. Sistem aplikasi promosi dan penjualan online berbasis android ini akan diterapkan di UKM Batik Blekok sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu UKM tersebut dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang selama ini dialaminya. Sistem aplikasi promosi dan penjualan online berbasis android ini akan diterapkan di UKM Batik Blekok sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu UKM tersebut dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang selama ini dialaminya. Pada akhirnya outcome yang diharapkan dari kegiatan ini adalah dapat memperluas wilayah pemasaran, meningkatkan jumlah pelanggan, meningkatkan volume penjualan dan meningkatkan omset dan keuntungan UKM Batik Blekok. Metode yang akan diterapkan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kedua mitra ini meliputi 5 tahap/macam kegiatan yaitu: Â observasi lapangan, penyediaan infrastruktur internet dan peralatan pendukung, pelatihan SDM, penerapan Sistem, aplikasi promosi dan penjualan online dan pengoperasian Sistem Aplikasi promosi dan penjualan online.
PELATIHAN MENYUSUN SITASI DAN DAFTAR PUSTAKA MENGGUNAKAN MENDELEY DEKSTOP DAN WORD PLUGIN BAGI DOSEN UNIVERSITAS OTTOW GEISSLER
Authors: Wattimena Fegie Y , Koibur Reni , Matulessy Bryan C
Published: July 2022

Kurangnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dosen Universitas Ottow Geissler dalam menggunakan aplikasi untuk menyusun sitasi dan daftar pustaka menyebabkan dalam menulis laporan karya ilmiah maupun artikel atau proposal masih dilakukan secara manual dan hasilnya banyak terjadi kesalahan dalam penulisan. Hal ini yang mendorong tim pelaksana PKM untuk melaksanakan pelatihan menyusun sitasi dan daftar pustaka menggunakan mendeley dekstop dan word plugin bagi dosen Universitas Ottow Geissler agar para dosen mendapatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan mengoperasikan aplikasi mendeley baik menggunakan PC/Laptop dan Handphone. Selain itu dosen juga dapat melakukan pencarian sumber pustaka yaitu artikel penelitian lewat DOAJ dan pencarian e-book dengan mudah. Metode pelaksanaan pelatihan adalah metode pendampingan dengan teknik ceramah, diskusi dan praktek langsung pada komputer dan Handphone. Hasil dari pelatihan ini yang diukur melalui Pre Test dan Post Test adalah yaitu bahwa seluruh peserta berhasil menggunakan aplikasi mendeley dalam menyusun Sitasi dan daftar pustaka, seluruh peserta merasakan pelatihan ini sangat bermanfaat.
KETERLIBATAN AKADEMISI DALAM PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI DESA BINAAN KKN DI KABUPATEN NGANJUK
Authors: Susilo Heryanto , Nusantara Widya , Wiryono Bambang , Windasari Windasari
Published: July 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan bentuk bahaya (hazard) yang memiliki potensi mengancam segala aspek kehidupan masyarakat, seperti sosial, ekonomi, kesehatan, dan psikologis. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan bantuan pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar dalam menjaga sosial ekonomi masyarakat agar tetap sehat, terjamin dan minimal terbantu untuk bisa bertahan hidup dalam menghadapi pandemic Covid-19 yang melanda sampai ke pelosok desa. Kebutuhan dasar yang diperlukan oleh masyarakat tersebut dikemas dalam bentuk sembako yang akan di distribusikan terhadap masyarakat yang terdampak di desa binaan KKN Kabupaten Nganjuk. Oleh karena itu dalam program ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Metode pelaksanakan kegiatan PKM Covid-19 ini meliputi empat tahapan yakni persiapan/perencanaan, survey kebutuhan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Melalui kegiatan ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam membantu permasalahan ekonomi yang dialami oleh warga sekaligus juga dapat membantu warga memenuhi kebutuhan akan makanan bergizi dan vitamin di masa pandemi Covid-19.