bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial Outcomes of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Melanoma Brain Metastases After Progression on Anti–PD-1 Therapy
Authors: Lochrin Sarah E. , Kalvin Hannah L. , Smithy James W. , Chen Monica F. , Momtaz Parisa , Shoushtari Alexander N. , Panageas Katherine S. , Postow Michael A.
Published: January 2025

This cohort study examines the response and survival rates associated with ipilimumab-nivolumab therapy in patients with progressive melanoma brain metastases after anti–programmed cell death 1 (anti–PD-1) therapy.
Adverse Events in a Mobile Eye Health Outreach Program
Authors: Schmidt Ryan , Spector Dove , Wedeking Verian , Totten Annette M. , Brinks Mitchell V.
Published: January 2025

This survey study describes the postprocedure conditions experienced by individuals who received eye screening from the mobile Casey Outreach Program clinics in Oregon.
Pierceable, Storable, and Manipulable Liquid Capsules for Precise Monitoring and Efficient Cargo Transport in Biotechnological Advances
Authors: Pinho Ana Rita , Wang Chunming , Gomes Maria Clara , Mano João Filipe
Published: January 2025

Soft liquified capsules are explored for various biotechnological applications owing to their versatility and protective nature. However, it is challenging to assess and control their internal environment post‐production without compromising their structural integrity. This study explores liquid capsules with shells created from gelatin modified with hydroxypyridinone groups and coordinated with iron ions to enable access to and control over their internal content. Using glycerol as a cryoprotectant prevents ice crystal formation in gelatin‐derived hydrogel pores during storage at −20 °C. The hygroscopic properties provided by glycerol effectively preserve the structural and self‐healing features of the shell over time, supporting large‐scale production of off‐the‐shelf containers. As a proof‐of‐concept, the ability to manipulate the internal content, and real‐time analysis of internal pH, oxygen, and protein levels is shown. The nature of these capsules allows them to closely emulate the elasticity and self‐healing of natural cell membranes, enabling in situ modulation of the internal content without compromising the capsule structural integrity. These findings support the development of universal incubator units for in vitro studies, advancing bioreactors, sensors, and frameworks crucial for bioengineering microtissues across diverse applications.
Electrophotographic Powder Application for Surface Functionalization of Polymer Parts with Thin Silver‐Nanoadditivated Bactericidal Layers
Authors: Kricke Jan Lino , Ebert Niklas , Sorarrain Ane , Roth Stephan , Fischer Dagmar , Schmidt Michael , Gökce Bilal , Marimón José María , Kopp Sebastian‐Paul , Doñate‐Buendía Carlos
Published: January 2025

The feedstock in laser beam powder bed fusion of plastics (PBF‐LB/P) is typically limited to a few materials with strict flowability requirements and low recycling rates, compromising its economic efficiency and sustainability. Polymer nanoadditivation gains attraction to tailor their physiochemical properties by incorporating nanoadditives. Herein, a new approach is introduced to functionalize polymer part surfaces via electrophotographic powder application (EPA). Polyamide 12 (PA 12) microparticles decorated with laser‐synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are printed as thin layers on bulk PA 12 parts. The coating provides bactericidal functionality to the printed part with reduced nanoadditive employment. Indeed, only two Ag‐PA 12 layers accounting for a 140 µm thick coating inhibit S. aureus and E. coli bacteria growth. As a result of the low coating thickness and Ag NP loading of only 0.1 wt.%, the mechanical and calorimetric properties remain unaffected. Owing to its versatility, the proposed approach is envisioned to facilitate selective surface functionalization toward graded materials printing at reduced costs and waste generation.
Fluid‐Induced Reconfigurable Polarization‐Insensitive Metasurfaces for Optical Wireless Communications
Authors: Khalid Ramna , Kim Jaekyung , Mahmood Nasir , Candeo Alessia , Rahman Abdul , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Zubair Muhammad , Bozóki Zoltán , Rho Junsuk
Published: January 2025

In optical wireless communication (OWC), the adaptability of infrared and visible spectra is attracting growing interest. These technologies are promising solutions for various real‐world applications, including indoor, underwater, vehicular, and IoT systems. However, conventional OWC systems are constrained by their bulky structures and fixed optical properties, which limit their ability to provide on‐demand communication services and integrate with on‐chip technologies. Therefore, the demand for ultrathin, reconfigurable devices with real‐time adaptability is becoming increasingly urgent to ensure efficient and reliable communication. Here, this study introduces a fluid‐induced reconfigurable, polarization‐insensitive metasurface to enhance the performance and flexibility of OWC networks. A key feature is its ability to adjust diffracted light to meet communication requirements, irrespective of the polarization state of the incident light. This metasurface utilizes infrared light at a wavelength of 1550 nm to enhance signal transmission and reduce environmental interference. In a proof‐of‐concept, a 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm metasurface is fabricated, and its focal length variation is verified in three different fluidic environments: Air (n = 1), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (n = 1.491), and AZ‐GXR (n = 1.602). The proposed design offers reconfigurability, reduced polarization sensitivity, and consistent signal quality, making it ideal for next‐generation OWC applications.
Helical Ladder Oligomers Exhibit Amplified Circularly Polarized Emission
Authors: Bræstrup Christoffer , Xiao Xiao , García‐González Francisco , Brock‐Nannestad Theis , Aranda Daniel , Bao Si Tong , Cavlovic Daniel , Jiang Haoyu , Ng Fay , Nuckolls Colin , Santoro Fabrizio , Pittelkow Michael
Published: January 2025

Establishing design principles to engineer molecules that exhibit strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐brightness across the UV, visible and NIR spectral range remains an unsolved challenge. To achieve a large CPL‐brightness, the main difficulty is to optimize the luminescence dissymmetry factor glum. Herein is described the discovery that a multi‐helicene system based on a series of annulated [6]helicenes and perylenediimides, exhibits larger‐than‐linear amplification of glum with helicene length. Large enhanced fluorescent quantum yields and large extinction coefficients are also observed for this length series. Consequently, this series of oligomers exhibit exceptional CPL brightness (BCPL) above 1 × 103 mol−1 cm−1. Using computational methods based on density functional theory (DFT), the experimental trend shows that the increase of glum is due to the progressive alignment of magnetic (|m|) and electric transition (|µ|) dipole moment vectors, as the helical backbone grows longer.
Advancing Vanadium MXene Cathodes: Strategic Enhancements for Superior Performance in Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: M Jenitha , D. Durgalakshmi , M. R. Ashwin Kishore , S. Balakumar , R Ajay Rakkesh
Published: January 2025

Vanadium‐based MXenes have gained attention as potential electrode materials for Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) because of their layered architecture, excellent electrical conductivity, and tunable redox properties. This review provides strategies such as surface functionalization, interlayer engineering, and hybridization with conductive materials to improve ion diffusion kinetics, structural stability, and energy density. This study addresses several issues including electrode degradation, limited cycling stability, and performance under practical conditions, along with insights into innovative approaches for overcoming these limitations. By summarizing the cutting‐edge developments and offering perspectives on next‐phase research directions, this review aims to guide the strategic enhancement of vanadium MXene cathodes for high‐ efficiency Zinc‐ion batteries, paving the way for their practical application in next‐generation energy storage devices.
Single‐Cell Landscape of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Identifies Specific Neutrophils during Septic Immunosuppression
Authors: Shen Rong , Jiang Yi , Liu Guanglong , Gao Shenjia , Sun Hao , Wu Xinyi , Gu Jiahui , Wu Han , Mo Ke , Niu Xing , Ben‐Ami Ronen , Shang Wanjing , Zhang Jie , Wang Jun , Miao Changhong , Wang Zhizhang , Chen Wankun
Published: January 2025

Sepsis‐induced immunosuppression is related to increased susceptibility to secondary infections and death. Lung is the most vulnerable target organ in sepsis, but the understanding of the pulmonary immunosuppression state is still limited. Here, single‐cell RNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is performed to map the landscape of immune cells, revealing a neutrophil‐driven immunosuppressive program in the lungs of patients with immunosuppressive sepsis. Although immunosuppressive genes are upregulated in different immune cells, only neutrophils dramatically increase in the BALF of patients in immunosuppressive phase of sepsis. Five neutrophil subpopulations in BALF are identified, among which CXCR2+ and CD274 (PD‐L1 coding gene)+IL1RN+ neutrophil subpopulations increased significantly during septic immunosuppression. Interestingly, a developmental trajectory from CXCR2+ to CD274+IL1RN+ neutrophil subpopulation is disclosed. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of CXCR2 blockade is observed on the survival of septic mice, along with a decreased number of PD‐L1+ neutrophils. Taken together, the CXCR2+ neutrophil subpopulation is discovered as a contributor to immunosuppression in sepsis and identified it as a potential therapeutic target in sepsis treatment.
Demonstration of Complete Recycling Processes of Reversible Epoxies Using Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Finale Madeline , Logan Jonathan , Saha Arnob , Durfee Matthew , Penners Nicole , McCoy John D. , Lee Youngmin , Chowdhury Sanchari
Published: January 2025

Reversible epoxies using the Diels–Alder chemistry enables recycling processes through depolymerizing the polymer at higher temperature and then repolymerizing upon cooling. Compared to conventional bulk heating, photothermal heating can save time and resource and, consequently, reduce costs to reach an elevated temperature for recycling processes of the reversible epoxies. In previous studies, self‐healing of cracks and reattachments of two broken pieces have been presented using a laser; however, recycling of a sample as a whole is not feasible by using such a point light source. Herein, complete recycling processes are demonstrated utilizing an area light source, i.e., sunlight. Reversible epoxies are incorporated with carbon black and refractory plasmonic titanium nitride nanoparticles (NPs). Under concentrated (10 times) sunlight, they can generate sufficient heat (≈140 °C) to completely liquefy, reprocess, and reshape the samples multiple times. Recycling processes are validated by evaluation of mechanical properties for each cycle. Using an integrated experimental and theoretical approach, photothermal performance is investigated in terms of the dispersion and loading of photothermal NPs in the matrix, as well as the sample thickness. In this study, an insight is provided into the design of polymer/photothermal nanomaterial composites which can be sustainably recycled using abundant solar energy.
Plasma proteomic characterization of motoric cognitive risk and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Gomez Gabriela T. , Sathyan Sanish , Chen Jingsha , Fornage Myriam , Schlosser Pascal , Peng Zhongsheng , Cordon Jenifer , Palta Priya , Sullivan Kevin J. , Tin Adrienne , Windham B. Gwen , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Barzilai Nir , Milman Sofiya , Verghese Joe , Coresh Josef , Walker Keenan A.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) is a pre‐dementia syndrome characterized by mobility and cognitive dysfunction. This study conducted a proteome‐wide study of MCR and compared the proteomic signatures of MCR to that of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

METHODS

Participants were classified as MCR using a memory questionnaire and 4‐meter walk. We measured 4877 plasma proteins collected during late‐life and midlife. Multivariable logistic regression related each protein to late‐life MCR/MCI. MCR‐associated proteins were replicated internally at midlife and in an external cohort.

RESULTS

Proteome‐wide analysis (n = 4076) identified 25 MCR‐associated proteins. Eight of these proteins remained associated with late‐life MCR when measured during midlife. Two proteins (SVEP1 and TAGLN) were externally replicated. Compared to MCI, MCR had a distinct and much stronger proteomic signature enriched for cardiometabolic and immune pathways.

DISCUSSION

Our findings highlight the divergent biology underlying two pre‐dementia syndromes. Metabolic and immune dysfunction may be a primary driver of MCR.

Highlights

MCR is defined by concurrent cognitive and gait dysfunction.

MCR protein biomarkers have key roles in cardiometabolic and vascular function.

MCR biomarkers are also associated with cerebrovascular disease and dementia.

MCR and MCI demonstrate overlapping but divergent proteomic signatures.
Hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive decline in LATE‐NC and ADNC among community‐dwelling older persons
Authors: Agrawal Sonal , Yu Lei , Leurgans Sue E. , Nag Sukriti , Barnes Lisa L , Bennett David A , Schneider Julie A
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

This study investigates the inter‐related roles of hippocampal neuronal loss (HNL), limbic‐predominant age‐related TAR‐DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE‐NC), and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC) on cognitive decline.

METHODS

Participants underwent annual cognitive testing and autopsy. HNL, ADNC, LATE‐NC, and other age‐related pathologies were evaluated. Regression and mixed‐effects models examined the association of HNL with ADNC and LATE‐NC, and separately with cognitive decline. Path analyses examined the extent to which associations of LATE‐NC and ADNC with cognitive decline were attributable to HNL.

RESULTS

LATE‐NC was associated with more severe HNL, but ADNC was associated only after excluding subjects with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). HNL was associated with faster decline in global cognition and episodic, semantic, and working memory. In path analyses, about 61% of the association of LATE‐NC with cognitive decline was attributable to HNL, whereas for ADNC it was mostly independent of HNL.

DISCUSSION

HNL has an independent contribution to cognitive decline and acts as a major step in LATE‐NC‐related cognitive decline.

Highlights

Hippocampal neuronal loss (HNL) is associated with cognitive decline.

HNL is a prominent feature of limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE‐NC) and less so with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC).

HNL acts as a major pathway in cognitive decline for LATE‐NC.

Differential mechanisms in hippocampal degeneration are associated with LATE‐NC versus ADNC.
Giant Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in a Chiral Polar Crystal based on Helical One‐dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Ishii Ayumi , Sone Ryohei , Yamada Tomohide , Noto Mizuki , Suzuki Hikari , Nakamura Daiki , Murata Kei , Shiga Takuya , Ishii Kazuyuki , Nihei Masayuki
Published: January 2025

Chiral polar crystals composed of one‐dimensional (1D) conducting materials exhibit unique physical phenomena. The present study focused on helical 1D‐structured lead halide perovskite derivatives with chiral naphthylethylamine as organic cations, (R or S‐NEA)[PbI3](R‐NEA = R‐(+)‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylamine, S‐NEA = S‐(−)‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylamine). A thermally controlled crystallization method has successfully yielded crystals with a polar chiral space group of C2. The crystals show significantly intense signals of circular dichroism (CD) originating from the asymmetrical electronic transition characteristic of helical 1D structure. In addition, generation of an anomalous zero‐bias photocurrent (bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE)) was observed with an open‐circuit voltage up to 15 V, which is five times larger than the bandgap. This study suggests that parallel arrangements of the helical semiconducting materials are the promising way to obtain chiral polar crystal exhibiting high performance BPVE.
A Bis‐Perylene Diimide Macrocycle Chiroptical Switch
Authors: Hartmann Denis , Penty Samuel E. , Zwijnenburg Martijn A. , Pal Robert , Barendt Timothy A.
Published: January 2025

Helical assemblies of organic dyes are ubiquitous chiral organic materials, with valuable properties including chiroptical switching due to the dynamic nature of supramolecular chirality. Herein, we report a novel chiral bis‐perylene diimide macrocycle, which acts as a discrete molecular model for a chiral supramolecular assembly. Point chirality is installed through amino acid‐derived imide groups which, upon macrocyclization, is translated into helical chirality in the perylene diimide dimer. In solution, the macrocycle's chiroptical properties are switchable, with both the sign (+/−) and amplitude (on/off) of the signal tuned using solvent and molecular recognition stimuli respectively. The chiral structure–property relationships identified from this macrocycle are important for the design of high fidelity supramolecular chiroptical switches.
Natural products against tau hyperphosphorylation‐induced aggregates: Potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Basurto‐Islas Gustavo , Diaz Maximiliano Caye , Ocampo Lizeth M. Zavala , Martínez‐Herrera Melchor , López‐Camacho Perla Y.
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairments and is considered the most prevalent form of dementia. Among the contributing factors to AD lies the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule‐associated protein tau. Phosphorylated tau reduces its affinity for microtubules and triggers other posttranslational modifications that result in its aggregation and assembly into filaments. These structures progressively accumulate within neurons leading to neurodegeneration. While current AD medications often involve undesirable side effects, the exploration of natural products as a potential therapeutic alternative has gained considerable attention. Numerous compounds have shown potential capacity for reducing tau pathology through different mechanisms, such as inhibiting kinases to reduce tau hyperphosphorylation, enhancing phosphatase activity, and blocking fibril formation. Since tau hyperphosphorylation‐induced aggregation is pivotal in AD onset, this review aims to elucidate the potential of natural products in modulating this crucial molecular mechanism.
Expanding the Enzymatic Toolbox for Carboligation: Increasing the Diversity of the ‘Split’ Transketolase Sequence Space
Authors: Tonoli Alessia , Anselmi Silvia , Ward John M. , Hailes Helen C. , Jeffries Jack W. E.
Published: January 2025

Transketolases (TKs) are thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)‐dependent enzymes that catalyze the transfer of two‐carbon units in a stereoselective manner, making them valuable biocatalysts for sustainable processes. Most known TKs are about 650 amino acids long; however, a second type found in Archaea and many Bacteria consists of two proteins, each of about 300 amino acids. Exploring the unique features and differences of split TKs may help in assessing their potential use in biocatalysis and for uncovering new reactivities. Additionally, it could provide valuable information on how their structure relates to their function, especially compared to full‐length TKs. In this study, we significantly expanded the known repertoire of split TKs approximately 14‐fold to the best of our knowledge, by identifying and providing accessions of nearly 500 putative split‐TK subunit pairs. Moreover, we doubled the number of experimentally produced and tested split TKs by cloning, purifying, and testing ten candidates retrieved from genomes and in‐house metagenomes. Interestingly, pQR2809 and pQR2812, derived from hyperthermophilic organisms, showed enhanced thermostability compared to other TK examples in the literature, maintaining partial activity after heating at 90 °C or 100 °C for 1 hour, respectively.
Bloodless Management of Severe Refractory ITP and Acute Hemorrhage in a Jehovah's Witness Patient
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Banaag Shanley , Hong Lee , Mylavarapu Charisma , Kim Yuri , Garrett John , Nagler Emily
Published: January 2025

In patients with severe refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), especially those unable to receive blood transfusions due to religious beliefs, alternative non‐cytotoxic therapies are important to avoid worsening cytopenias. Immunomodulatory agents such as mycophenolate mofetil and daratumumab should be used alongside traditional therapies including steroids, IVIG and rituximab.
CO2 Reduction on Liquid GaInSn‐Metal: Dynamics of the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Mohamed Aya G. A. , Lörch Daniel , Euchner Holger , May Matthias M. , Bogdanoff Peter
Published: January 2025

Post‐transition liquid metal (LM) alloys are of increasing interest for the electro‐reduction of CO2. Besides avoiding coking effects, they often exhibit an electric field‐induced accumulation of elements at their interface, which can be used to tune catalytic activity and product selectivity. However, mechanistic insights into these systems remain sparse. In this study, we investigate the ternary GaInSn alloy in DMF‐based electrolyte. We demonstrate that even small amounts of water in DMF significantly increase the CO2 reduction rate. Under optimized conditions (2 M water in DMF at −2.7 V versus Ag/Ag+), the overall current density is approximately −3 mA/cm2, two orders of magnitude higher than in anhydrous electrolysis. The Faradaic efficiency for HCOOH and CO production is around 60% and 30%, respectively, whereas the competing hydrogen evolution remains a minor side product. Analysis of the electrolyte after CO2 electrolysis reveals varying amounts of expelled tin and gallium. This suggest that an enrichment of the interface in tin may be responsible for the high selectivity toward HCOOH. Our study provides a better mechanistic understanding of CO2 reduction on GaInSn and shows that the dynamic elemental composition should always be considered for the interpretation of experimental results.
Fluorescence of Aqueous Assemblies Regulated by Integral Water
Authors: Chen Jia , Gu Dandan , Qi Haohan , Sun Bin , Wang Xiaosong
Published: January 2025

Water is an integral and functional component for aqueous assemblies of POSS‐NDI‐POSS molecules. Water serves not only as a solvent but also as an integral component (interstitial water) in aqueous colloids self‐assembled from POSS‐NDI‐POSS (POSS = polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, NDI = naphthalene diimide). The interstitial water confined within these colloids is attributed to the steric hindrance of the bulky POSS groups, which dissipates energy and quenches the fluorescence (FL). Control experiments with NDI molecules bearing less steric side groups (propyl or octyl), namely C3−NDI‐C3 and C8−NDI‐C8, confirm this role of water in structural assembly and optical function. This discovery opens new possibilities for the innovation of aqueous materials.
Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of external‐beam radiation versus transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kuehnle Ryan A. , Tchelebi Leila T. , Ludmir Ethan B. , Escorcia Freddy E. , Shrestha Sabi , Sanford Nina , Court Colin M. , Ryckman Jeff M. , Arora Sukeshi P. , Lehrer Eric J. , Gelfond Jonathan , Jethwa Krishan R. , Newman Neil B.
Published: January 2025

Background

External‐beam radiation (EBRT) is a noninvasive therapeutic alternative to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective randomized clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of EBRT versus TACE for HCC as either a definitive monotherapy or as a bridge to transplantation/surgery.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to include prospective randomized trials comparing EBRT versus TACE. Data was analyzed with random and fixed‐effects models. The inconsistency index (I2) was chosen to assess heterogeneity. Three publications were included with a total of 142 patients. Outcomes included local control (LC), overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and occurrences of grade ≥3 toxicity. Comparisons are reported as hazard ratios (HRs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

There were three randomized trials that met inclusion criteria. The EBRT was delivered in three to 15 fractions with a total dose between 30 and 75 gray(Gy). EBRT was associated with significantly improved LC (HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.08–0.34; I2 = 0%) and PFS (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.23–0.60; I2, 0%) compared with TACE. There was no significant difference between EBRT and TACE in OS (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.51–1.22; I2 = 0%) or grade ≥3 toxicity (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.31–2.37; I2 = 57%). None of the analyses had statistically significant heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Compared with TACE, EBRT yields superior LC and PFS without providing a survival benefit in early and intermediate stage HCC. Additional larger prospective randomized controlled trials should be conducted to further investigate differences in clinical outcomes amongst patients with more advanced disease.
Special Lagrangian pair of pants
Authors: Li Yang
Published: January 2025

We construct special Lagrangian pair of pants in general dimensions, inside the cotangent bundle of with the Euclidean structure, building upon earlier topological ideas of Matessi. The construction uses a combination of PDE and geometric measure theory.
The Symptom Structure of Depression, Anxiety and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Shidu Parents — A Network Analysis
Authors: Ma Hongfei , Zhao Shuang , Wang Yang
Published: January 2025

Background

In China, Shidu parents, who have experienced the pain of losing their only child, are more likely to suffer from mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation compared to other bereaved groups. Currently, the relationships between symptoms of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Shidu parents remain unclear, necessitating further research to elucidate these connections. Our study aims to estimate the network of depression and anxiety symptoms and identify the bridge symptoms between depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation based on network analysis.

Methods

This study was conducted in five urban districts and one rural district in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. Data collection was conducted from March 2017 to February 2020. Network analysis was implemented by using the R packages qgraph and bootnet.

Results

‘Felt depressed’ and ‘felt sad’ were central symptoms of depression, while ‘feeling fainting and passing out’ and ‘afraid for no reason’ were central symptoms of anxiety. Two pairs of bridge symptoms and one overlapping symptom were found in the transdiagnostic network. In addition, one depressive symptom and one anxiety symptom were identified to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

The current study is the first to conduct a network analysis of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Chinese Shidu parents. The association among disease symptoms were found, and the most central symptoms were identified. Results of the present study can provide some new intervention and treatment ideas for corresponding diseases, which lays a theoretical foundation for the future longitudinal research.
Advancing Business Ethical Standards: Unpacking the Synergistic Influence of Governance Structures and CSR Engagement on Corporate Integrity in BRICS Countries
Authors: Osei Abednego , Zhu Naiping , Agyemang Andrew Osei
Published: January 2025

In a global business environment where ethical lapses increasingly undermine corporate credibility, can enhanced governance mechanisms and CSR engagement drive ethical corporate behavior? This study explores the intricate relationship between corporate governance attributes and Business Ethical Practices (BEP), examining how CSR engagement moderates this relationship across 386 manufacturing firms in the BRICS countries from 2010 to 2022. Grounded in Stakeholder and Agency Theories, the research investigates three core governance strands: diversity, structural, and process attributes. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator, the findings reveal that gender diversity and age diversity positively influence BEP, while national diversity has a negative association, raising concerns about the alignment of foreign board members with local ethical standards. Board independence and board size significantly enhance ethical practices, while CEO duality negatively affects BEP, emphasizing the importance of independent oversight. Among process attributes, board meetings and board tenure positively contribute to BEP, while meeting attendance shows a negative association, suggesting that mere presence without meaningful participation may not guarantee ethical outcomes. Notably, CSR engagement amplifies positive governance effects and mitigates negative influences, reinforcing its critical role as a governance enhancer. Heterogeneity analyses across manufacturing types (Job Shop, Batch, Continuous Process, and Mass Production) confirmed the consistency of these findings. Furthermore, robustness tests, including cluster analysis, sensitivity analysis, and endogeneity controls, validated the reliability of the results. The study provides targeted policy recommendations advocating for stronger diversity mandates, deeper CSR integration, and enhanced ethical training, while the practical implications emphasize the importance of comprehensive governance frameworks for long‐term ethical sustainability.
Performance Forecasting of Discrete‐Time Priority Retrial Queue With Its Application in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Upadhyaya Shweta , Vaishnawi Shree , Agarwal Divya , Ahmad Izhar
Published: January 2025

Queueing modeling and optimization of high‐speed digital systems provide a tool to the system operators and administrators to build an economic system and to analyze overcrowding situations in various digital systems such as computer systems, cellular mobile webs, cognitive radio networks (CRNs), and many more. CRNs enable a more efficient and flexible use of the radio spectrum by allowing unlicensed users (ULUs) to dynamically access and share frequencies with licensed users (LUs), ensuring that spectrum resources are fully utilized while avoiding interference with licensed operations. This study aims to focus on complex, real‐world challenges faced in CRNs and to resolve its few congestion issues through a queue‐theoretic approach. The congestion issues faced by CRN can be resolved by modeling the GeoX/G/1 priority retrial model with multielective services under the Bernoulli vacation schedule wherein the server's time can be better allocated to users to improve their grade of service. We can see how CRN can be seen as a discrete‐time retrial queueing system according to the following formulation. In CRNs, there are two types of users: LUs and ULUs. The former is given priority over the latter in the sense that LUs can forestall the transferences (transmissions) of ULUs. In this perspective, the LU channel acts as a server that can be approachable by ULUs practically. The LU and ULU data packets, links, or sessions act as customers, which usually attach to the virtual track of blocked users if they do not get instant entrance. Moreover, each LU channel either provides access to the entering user or may cease providing service for some span of time called vacation time. This queueing process is termed as Bernoulli vacation (BV). Also, we apply an admission control policy (ACP), which controls the number of arrivals. In this study, we perform a numerical simulation through which we can conclude that the average number of data packets in CRN and expected total cost increases linearly by upgrading either the admission control probability or arrival rate. Also, our study suggests that the average system size decreases with an increase in the probability that a licensed unit joins the system. Further, multicriteria optimization is used to obtain Pareto optimal solutions of expected total system cost and expected system waiting time in CRN.
Sex differences for regional pathology in people with a high likelihood of Lewy body dementia phenotype based on underlying pathology
Authors: Bayram Ece , Coughlin David G. , Koga Shunsuke , Ross Owen A. , Litvan Irene , Dickson Dennis W.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Clinicopathological correlations differ by sex in Lewy body dementia (LBD). However, previous studies have focused on pathological staging systems that place less emphasis on regional pathologies.

Methods

We included 357 people (131 female, 226 male) with a high likelihood of LBD based on pathology from the Brain Bank for Neurodegenerative (Jacksonville, FL). Sex differences for regional Lewy body, senile plaque, and neurofibrillary tangle counts and their associations with clinical LBD diagnosis were assessed.

Results

Females were less likely to have a clinical LBD diagnosis; they had more Lewy bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaques in various regions than males (all p’s < 0.05). A higher likelihood of clinical LBD diagnosis was associated with more middle frontal, cingulate, and entorhinal Lewy body pathology, and more so for males than for females (all p’s < 0.045).

Discussion

Sex differences for clinicopathological correlations in LBD also occur at the regional pathology level. Females have a higher frequency of clinical misdiagnosis than males.

Highlights

Females have a higher risk of clinical underdiagnosis for Lewy body dementia (LBD) than males.

Regional pathology counts differ by sex for people with a high likelihood of LBD.

Regional pathology association with clinical LBD diagnosis differs by sex.

Regional Lewy body counts have a stronger association with LBD phenotype for males.
Using Faecal Cortisol Metabolites to Assess Adrenocortical Activity in Wild‐Living Alpine Marmot Marmota marmota: A Biological Validation Experiment
Authors: Zenth Friederike , Morocutti Elena , Palme Rupert , Nicoloso Sandro , Giacomelli Stefano , Macho‐Maschler Sabine , Storch Ilse , Corlatti Luca
Published: January 2025

Faecal cortisol/corticosterone metabolites (FCMs) have become increasingly popular as an easy‐to‐sample, non‐invasive and feedback‐free alternative to assess glucocorticoid (GC) levels, key components of the neuroendocrine stress response and other physiological processes. While FCMs can be a powerful aid, for instance, for gaining insights into ecological and evolutionary processes, as well as to assess animal welfare or impacts of anthropogenic stressors on wildlife populations, this method comes with specific challenges. Because GCs are heavily metabolised before excretion, it is critical to validate the enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) used to measure FCMs. Additionally, because species may differ in metabolite profiles, assay validation must be performed separately for each focal species. Despite this, the use of unvalidated assays remains widespread. We performed a biological validation experiment to test a set of EIAs to measure FCMs and adrenocortical activity in free‐living Alpine marmots Marmot marmota. We capitalised on capture and handling as part of a relocation project of marmots under the assumption that capture, and handling represent a stressful event and tracked changes in FCM levels over the following 48 h. Faeces samples collected at capture were assumed to return baseline FCM levels. Of the three EIAs tested, only the 11‐oxoetiocholanolone ‘72T’ EIA detected an increase in FCM levels about 18 h after capture. This result paves the way for future studies using FCMs to investigate the adrenocortical activity in this species.
LoRa Meets Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Indoor Networks for Static EDs
Authors: Khan Malak Abid Ali , Luo Senlin , Ma Hongbin , Iqbal Amjad
Published: January 2025

The architectural design of the Indoor Internet of Things (IIoT) network targeting static end devices (EDs) and gateways (GWs) has been innovatively formulated in this paper, integrating LoRa technology to mitigate losses and ensure seamless information reception through meticulous ED allocation. The arrangement of simultaneously transmitted data within the network server (NS) employs a deep neural network (DNN) with distributed machine learning (DML) to adjust transmission parameters, ensuring frequent uninterrupted bidirectional communication. This augmentation is obtained by strategically deploying EDs within distinct clusters determined by K‐means and density‐based spatial clustering with noise (DBSCAN), thus optimizing spreading factor (SF) and data rate (DR) allocation to prevent data congestion and improve signal‐to‐interference noise ratio (SINR). The proposed hybrid model (DR|SF) for pure and slotted ALOHA amplifies the network's performance metrics for indoor scenarios. A unified framework utilizing a one‐slope model estimates path losses (PL) while exploring various bandwidths (BW), bidirectional interrogations, and duty cycles (DC) to lower the saturation and prolong the active lifespan of the EDs. The results manifest a packet rejection rate (PRR) of 0% for the DBSCAN, contrasting a 4.7% estimate for the K‐means. The network saturation is minimized to 9.5% and 10.1%, correspondingly, significantly increasing the efficiency of slotted ALOHA (91%) and pure ALOHA (90.6%), thereby prolonging the longevity of EDs.
Exploring the Impact of Ecological Degradation on the Green Development Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis Using the Novel Epsilon‐Based Measure and Global Malmquist–Luenberger Index
Authors: Mahamane Famanta , Randhawa Abid Ali , Hussain Bilal , Tumennast Javkhaa , Nassani Abdelmohsen A. , Hombing Jamiatun Br , Magazzino Cosimo
Published: January 2025

The profound consequences of ecological degradation on humanity's well‐being are a severe matter acknowledged globally. This study examines the impact of ecological degradation on green development efficiency in less developed countries. A dataset from 1990 to 2020 was used to break down the impacts of ecological degradation on green development efficiency. Green development efficiency was calculated based on the epsilon‐based measure model, while the dynamic change of green development efficiency was explored with the Global Malmquist‐Luenberger Index model. The panel‐corrected standard errors (PCSE) and feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) models are conducted to test the influence of ecological degradation on green development efficiency. The results show that ecological degradation inhibits green development efficiency, whereas green FDI, urbanisation, and economic growth benefit the increase of green development efficiency. In addition, government intervention shows a negative correlation with green development efficiency. The results of the spatial Durbin model (SDM) of green development efficiency also demonstrate an overall strong negative spatial spillover effect on local and neighbouring regions, with more significant effects at levels of the surroundings.
Unravelling the Tectonic Nature of Charnockites Across the Highland and Wanni Complexes in Northeastern Sri Lanka: Implications for Demarcating Their Uncertain Lithotectonic Boundary
Authors: Dharmapriya P. L. , Jayathilake W. M. R. , Zhao Lei , Abewardana Pahan , Kleinschrodt R. , Subasinghe N. D.
Published: January 2025

The tectonic evolution of terranes and microblocks is crucial for understanding the supercontinental cycle. Sri Lanka, centrally located between East and West Gondwana, offers insights into late Neoproterozoic continental tectonics. Ambiguities in defining boundaries between the Highland Complex (HC) and Wanni Complex (WC) of Sri Lanka prompted this study. Utilising whole‐rock major and trace element geochemistry, and U–Pb zircon geochronology, we explore charnockites at the inferred HC‐WC boundary, revealing their tectonic nature. Charnockites on the WC side (CWCs) display tholeiitic trends, characterised as Fe‐rich, metaluminous A2‐type granites. Tectonic discrimination diagrams position CWCs in the within‐plate granite field. The 238U/206Pb zircon geochronology of three WC‐side charnockites gave Late Neoproterozoic metamorphic ages from 576 ± 37 to 561 ± 50 Ma and middle to early Neoproterozoic protolith crystallisation ages from 1011 ± 46 to 690 ± 15 Ma. Hence, protoliths of CWCs suggest some form of extensional tectonics in a continental environment during the early to middle Neoproterozoic that played a major role in the crustal evolution of the northeastern part of the WC. Out of the collected seven charnockites in the HC side (CHCs), three samples shared geochemical signatures resembling the CWCs. The 206Pb/238U zircon ages of one of the samples yielded crystallisation age of ~780 ± 6 Ma and, metamorphic ages from 608 ± 9 to 541 ± 16 Ma, respectively. The rest of the CHCs exhibit calc‐alkaline trend, identified as Mg‐rich, metaluminous, I‐type granites. Tectonic discrimination diagrams reveal volcanic arc signatures, indicating a subduction‐related collisional tectonic setting. Geochemical and geochronological findings, coupled with field relations and prior research, lead to the interpretation that charnockites in the northeastern HC‐WC boundary possess a distinctive geodynamic history, implying involvement in two distinct tectonic settings. Presently, at the erosion surface, the north‐eastern portion of the HC‐WC boundary, exhibits a highly diffused nature and manifests as a mixed rock zone.
Decoding in the Fourth Dimension: Classification of Temporal Patterns and Their Generalization Across Locations
Authors: Santos‐Mayo Alejandro , Gilbert Faith , Ahumada Laura , Traiser Caitlin , Engle Hannah , Panitz Christian , Ding Mingzhou , Keil Andreas
Published: January 2025

Neuroimaging research has increasingly used decoding techniques, in which multivariate statistical methods identify patterns in neural data that allow the classification of experimental conditions or participant groups. Typically, the features used for decoding are spatial in nature, including voxel patterns and electrode locations. However, the strength of many neurophysiological recording techniques such as electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography is in their rich temporal, rather than spatial, content. The present report introduces the time‐GAL toolbox, which implements a decoding method based on time information in electrophysiological recordings. The toolbox first quantifies the decodable information contained in neural time series. This information is then used in a subsequent step, generalization across location (GAL), which characterizes the relationship between sensor locations based on their ability to cross‐decode. Two datasets are used to demonstrate the usage of the toolbox, involving (1) event‐related potentials in response to affective pictures and (2) steady‐state visual evoked potentials in response to aversively conditioned grating stimuli. In both cases, experimental conditions were successfully decoded based on the temporal features contained in the neural time series. Spatial cross‐decoding occurred in regions known to be involved in visual and affective processing. We conclude that the approach implemented in the time‐GAL toolbox holds promise for analyzing neural time series from a wide range of paradigms and measurement domains providing an assumption‐free method to quantifying differences in temporal patterns of neural information processing and whether these patterns are shared across sensor locations.
Validating the parental reflective functioning questionnaire ‐ infant version using a rasch model
Authors: Stuart Anne Christine , Egmose Ida , Wendelboe Katrine Isabella , Smith‐Nielsen Johanne , Væver Mette Skovgaard
Published: January 2025

Parental reflective functioning is the parent's ability to reflect on the psychological processes in their child and in themselves as a parent. Recently, an infant version of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, PRFQ‐I, has been developed and validated using confirmatory factor analyses. The present study aims to validate the PRFQ‐I using a Rasch model in a sample of 531 Danish mothers at risk of depression and their infants aged 2–11 months. Our findings indicate that seven response categories were too many for the mothers to distinguish across all items. Prementalizing showed adequate psychometric properties, while Certainty of Mental States and Interest and Curiosity required recoding with 4 and 5 as the optimal scores, respectively. After rescoring, both subscales overall showed adequate psychometric properties. However, shortening Certainty of Mental States may be advisable due to local dependency between items 8 and 17. Additionally, items 2 and 14 (“I always know what my child wants” and “I always know why I do what I do to my child”) may function better as a separate subscale. We recommend that scores on both Certainty of Mental States and Interest and Curiosity should be analyzed and interpreted in a curvilinear rather than linear manner.
What we have learned from trying to remove oral phenylephrine from the market
Authors: Hatton Randy C. , Hendeles Leslie
Published: January 2025

A 2023 United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Nonprescription Drug Advisory Committee unanimously voted that oral phenylephrine is not Generally Recognized As Safe and Effective (GRASE). This decision resulted, in part, from our nearly 20 years as clinical pharmacists advocating for patients with nasal congestion. As a result, the FDA recently posted a proposal to remove oral phenylephrine from the market, and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) has been a key stakeholder supporting the removal of oral phenylephrine from the market. ACCP members are encouraged to submit comments to the FDA regarding the market status of oral phenylephrine. In this article, we describe the role of a Freedom of Information request for unpublished data, our systematic review and meta‐analysis of the data upon which the FDA relied to approve oral phenylephrine, our two Citizen Petitions, and modern data, including an unpublished study from clinicaltrials.gov.