bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corte Suprema y participación ciudadana: reflexiones a partir de una audiencia pública de la Corte argentina
Authors: Barrera Leticia , Sáenz Jimena
Published: January 2020

Las audiencias públicas que en la última década han instaurado los altos tribunales de Latinoamérica han sido consideradas uno de los puntos más novedosos en las prácticas constitucionales que abren la promesa de un vínculo más estrecho entre las instituciones judiciales y la ciudadanía. En este sentido, la apertura a la participación de la ciudadanía es la dimensión que ha acaparado las miradas de la teoría constitucional democráticamente orientada. Este trabajo se pregunta sobre los términos de la participación ciudadana en el ámbito de la Corte Suprema argentina, sobre el tipo de tensiones que se generan cuando ingresan al espacio cortesano actores ajenos a sus quehaceres y con ellos, nuevas formas de expresión y nuevas narrativas sobre los casos. Para ello, nos detenemos en una audiencia particular celebrada en noviembre de 2016, en un caso emblemático de lo que en su momento se denominó “la nueva Corte” instaurada luego de la crisis de 2001. En el artículo ofrecemos entonces una reflexión situada sobre lo que está en juego en las audiencias y en esta audiencia en particular, en base a registros etnográficos, entrevistas, observaciones de campo, análisis del expediente y fuentes secundarias, a la luz de los planteos teóricos del constitucionalismo democrático.
Bargaining over Data: When Does Making the Buyer More Informed Help?
Authors: Ray Jyotishka , Menon Syam , Mookerjee Vijay
Published: January 2020

Data are critical to decision making for many businesses, and there is a growing market for proprietary data that can improve business decisions. It is not surprising, therefore, that a growing list of companies is generating substantial revenue by selling proprietary data collected as part of their doing business. Because data are an experience good, their true valuation remains uncertain to both sellers and buyers. As a result, firms often resort to bargaining to arrive at a mutually acceptable arrangement. We consider the situation where the seller can offer a data demonstration to the buyer to reduce the valuation uncertainty. A data demonstration can increase the buyer’s willingness to pay; however, it also puts the seller at an information disadvantage in the bargaining process. Interestingly, we find that there are circumstances under which the presence of the seller’s outside option can trigger a demonstration with complete information, even if the buyer does not underestimate data value. We also find that sellers need to offer different demonstration strategies—sometimes to just correct underestimation bias and sometimes to correct bias and reduce uncertainty. If the development of the demonstration comes at a cost, we find that it is optimal for the seller to provide demonstrations that are only partially informative when the seller’s outside option is moderately high. Because having an outside option can help in the bargaining process, sellers should actively try to identify an outside option as a prebargaining step.
Social Structures and Reputation in Expert Review Systems
Authors: Chung Kevin , Kim Keehyung , Lim Noah
Published: January 2020

We model an expert review system where two producers competing for market share each are evaluated by two raters. Employing economics experiments, the paper examines how the rater’s incentive to provide objective feedback can be distorted in the presence of social ties and different penalty structures for assigning unobjective ratings. The results reject the self-interested model. We find that raters assign more biased ratings to help the producer they know compete, and this distortion is exacerbated when the reputation cost for rating unobjectively is lowered. Counterintuitively, when both of the raters know the same producer, the likelihood of biased ratings drops significantly. To explain the empirical regularities, we develop a behavioral economics model and show that the rater’s utility function should account not only for social preferences toward the producer, but also the rater’s psychological aversion toward favoring a producer more than the other rater. Our findings demonstrate that it is critical for policymakers to be cognizant of the nonpecuniary factors that can influence behavior in expert review systems.

This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Congress
Authors: Ginsberg Benjamin , Wagner Hill Kathryn
Published: January 2020

This accessible overview of the US Congress's past and present, introduces students to the country's most democratic institution. The book surveys Congressional elections, the internal structure of Congress, the legislative process, Congress and the president, and Congress and the courts. It offers a fresh approach to the First Branch grounded in a historical, positive frame. The book argues that many of the characteristics of Congress with which Americans are so impatient stem directly from the institution's democratic nature. It is slow to act, cumbersome in its procedures, and contentious in its discussions precisely because it is a democratic decision-making body. But complaints are also that it is seen as polarized and corrupt, serving lobbyists, special interests, and campaign contributors rather than the American people. The book concludes by considering whether these charges amount to a serious indictment of Congress, its members, and its procedures.
People and the Land through Time
Authors: Southgate Emily W. B. Russell
Published: January 2020

This extensive revision of the first edition of People and the Land Through Time incorporates research over the last two decades to bring the field of historical ecology from an ecological perspective up to date. It emphasizes the use of new sources of data and interdisciplinary data analysis to interpret ecological processes in the past. It describes a diversity of past ecosystems, and how they affect current ecosystem structure and function as well as offering insight into current structure and process, and assisting in predicting the future. This historical perspective highlights the varied and complex roles of indigenous people in historic ecosystems and as well as the importance of past and present climatic fluctuations. The book begins with an introduction to the importance of history for ecological studies, and then has three chapters which explain methods and approaches to reconstructing the past, using both traditional and novel sources of data and analysis. The following five chapters discuss ways people have influenced natural systems, starting with the most primitive, manipulating fire, and proceeding through altering species ranges, hunting and gathering, agriculture and finally structuring landscapes through land surveys, trade and urbanization. Two chapters then deal with diversity, extinction and sustainability in a changing world. The final chapter integrates the rest of the book especially in terms of the importance of history in basic ecological studies, global change and understanding conservation. Throughout, the emphasis is on the potential for evidence-based research in historical ecology, and the new frontiers in this exciting field.
How the Gospels Became History
Authors: Litwa M. D
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this book is to show why and how (what later became) the four canonical gospels take on a historical cast, a history-like “feel” that remains vitally important for many Christians today. This aim is worked out by in-depth comparisons with other Greco-Roman stories that have been made to seem like history (mythic historiography). Instead of using these comparisons to justify genetic links between texts, Litwa uses them to show how the evangelists dynamically interacted with Greco-Roman literary culture, felt the pressures of its structures of plausibility, and responded by using well-known historiographical tropes. These include the mention of famous rulers and kings, geographical notices, the introduction of eyewitnesses, vivid presentation, alternative reports, staged skepticism, and so on. This study is the most sustained and thorough comparison of the gospels and Greco-Roman mythology (not just Homer and Euripides) of the past fifty years. Its innovation is to show that the gospels were not perceived as myths (or mythoi), but as histories (records of actual events).
Becoming Diaspora Jews
Authors: Toorn Karel van der
Published: January 2020

This book tells the story of the earliest Jewish diaspora in Egypt in a way it has never been told before. In the fifth century BCE there was a Jewish community on Elephantine Island. Why they spoke Aramaic, venerated Aramean gods besides Yaho, and identified as Arameans is a mystery, but a previously little explored papyrus from Egypt sheds new light on their history. The papyrus shows that the ancestors of the Elephantine Jews came originally from Samaria. Due to political circumstances, they left Israel and lived for a century in an Aramean environment. Around 600 BCE, they moved to Egypt. These migrants to Egypt did not claim a Jewish identity when they arrived, but after the destruction of their temple on the island they chose to deploy their Jewish identity to raise sympathy for their cause. Their story—a typical diaspora tale—is not about remaining Jews in the diaspora, but rather about becoming Jews through the diaspora.
A Military Colony and Its Religion
Authors: Toorn Karel van der
Published: January 2020

This chapter pays attention to the Egyptian experience of the Elephantine Jews. It maintains that there are two areas in Egyptian life that merit a renewed inquiry because they are central to the Elephantine experience. One is the role of Jews as soldiers in the service of the Persians; the other concerns their religion. On both scores, the Papyrus Amherst 63 has bearing—modest in one case, significant in the other. This chapter looks first at the military side of the colony, then discusses various aspects of the religious life of what was essentially a temple community, and finally seeks to present the profile of the various gods that the Jews venerated.
Epilogue
Authors: Toorn Karel van der
Published: January 2020

This concluding chapter attempts to define who the Elephantine Jews were by summing up the results of a review of all the evidence, including the texts from the Aramaic papyrus in Demotic script. In the more than one hundred years that have passed since the discovery of the Elephantine Jews, several versions of their story have sought to define who they really were. Most scholars have argued that the diaspora community came into being sometime between 650 and 550 BCE. Where the Elephantine Jews came from has been a matter of controversy. While many have considered it likely that they migrated from Judah, the hypothesis of Samarian origins has been vigorously defended as well. Here, the chapter presents Papyrus Amherst 63 as the basis of a compelling narrative to take the place of earlier versions of the story.
Positive transcriptional response on inflammation and joint remodelling influenced by physical exercise in proteoglycan-induced arthritis: An animal study
Authors: González-Chávez Susana A. , Pacheco-Tena César , Quiñonez-Flores Celia M. , Espino-Solis Gerardo P. , Burrola-De Anda Jessica I. , Muñoz-Morales Perla M.
Published: January 2020

Aims

To assess the effect of physical exercise (PE) on the histological and transcriptional characteristics of proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA) in BALB/c mice.

Methods

Following PGIA, mice were subjected to treadmill PE for ten weeks. The tarsal joints were used for histological and genetic analysis through microarray technology. The genes differentially expressed by PE in the arthritic mice were obtained from the microarray experiments. Bioinformatic analysis in the DAVID, STRING, and Cytoscape bioinformatic resources allowed the association of these genes in biological processes and signalling pathways.

Results

Arthritic mice improved their physical fitness by 42.5% after PE intervention; it induced the differential expression of 2,554 genes. The bioinformatic analysis showed that the downregulated genes (n = 1,371) were significantly associated with cellular processes that mediate the inflammation, including Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK-STAT), Notch, and cytokine receptor interaction signalling pathways. Moreover, the protein interaction network showed that the downregulated inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL) 4, IL5, IL2 receptor alpha (IL2rα), IL2 receptor beta (IL2rβ), chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9, and CXCL12 were interacting in several pathways associated with the pathogenesis of arthritis. The upregulated genes (n = 1,183) were associated with processes involved in the remodelling of the extracellular matrix and bone mineralization, as well as with the processes of aerobic metabolism. At the histological level, PE attenuated joint inflammatory infiltrate and cartilage erosion.

Conclusion

Physical exercise influences parameters intimately linked to inflammatory arthropathies. Research on the effect of PE on the pathogenesis process of arthritis is still necessary for animal and human models. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(1):36–48.
Improvement of friction estimation along wellbores using multi-scale smoothing of trajectories
Authors: Garcia E , Liandrat J , Dufourcq P
Published: January 2020

Drilling monitoring aims at anticipating and detecting any drill string failures during well construction. A key element for the monitoring activity is the estimation of friction along the wellbore trajectory. Friction models require the evaluation of the actual wellbore trajectory. This evaluation is performed applying any of various reconstruction methods available in the industry to discrete deviation measurements. Although all these methods lead to nearly identical bit location, friction estimations are highly dependent on reconstruction methods due to huge dierences in the trajectory derivatives. To control this instability, a new reliable estimation of wellbore friction using a nonlinear trajectory smoothing process is introduced. This process uses a multi-scale approach and a specic nonlinear smoothing through subdivision schemes and their related decimation schemes. Two smoothing processes are compared: one using an interpolatory subdivision operator, and the other, a non-interpolatory subdivision operator. Validation has been performed on a synthetic plane noisy trajectory. The non-interpolatory process provides trajectory derivatives estimate much closer to those of the initial trajectory. Both processes have been applied to a real three-dimensional wellbore trajectory, improving signicantly the friction estimates.
Vibration Based Damage Detection in Plate-Like Structure Using Square of Mode Shape Curvature
Authors: Lanka Ramesh , Rao Putti Srinivasa
Published: January 2020

In this current work, a new methodology based on the square of mode shape curvature (SMSC) is presented that relates the mode shapes and its curvature changes before and after the damage for localization and sizing of the surface crack in plate-type structures. The significance of this method is it has the capability to portray accurate shape and exact location of the surface crack in a plate-like structure which are related to low and high elastic modes on dense and coarse measurement grids. The efficiency of the proposed SMSC is examined using experimental and numerical data acquired from modal analysis on the aluminum plate containing single and multi-surface cracks with a fixed-free condition using non-contact measurement a scanning laser vibrometer and on simple finite element plate model. As evidence of experimental and numerical study results, highly accurate crack characterization has been attained through the proposed method. In implementing this method, only a few modes of the structure are required. Further, the impact of the mode order on the effectiveness of crack detection, boundary distortion treatment, and grid density analysis was also performed by the proposed method.
Asymmetric compressive stability of rotating annular plates
Authors: Kiani Y , Bagheri H. , Eslami M. R.
Published: January 2020

In the present research, buckling behaviour of an isotropic homogeneous rotating annular plate subjected to uniform compression on both inner and outer edges is analysed. It is further assumed that the plate is rotatingwith a constant angular speed. Formulation is based on the first order shear deformation plate theory, which is valid for thin and moderately thick plates. The complete set of equilibrium  quations and the associated boundary conditions are obtained for the plate. Prebuckling loads of the plate are obtained under flatness and axisymmetric deformations. Using the adjacent equilibrium riterion, the linearised stability equations are extracted. An asymmetric stability analysis is performed to obtain the critical buckling loads of the plate and the buckled configurations of the rotating plate. To this end, trigonometric functions through the circumferential direction and the generalised differential quadrature discretization across the radial direction are used which result in an algebraic eigenvalue problem. Benchmark results are given in graphical presentations for combinations of free, simply-supported, sliding supported, and clamped types of boundary conditions. It is shown that rotation enhances the buckling loads of the plate for all types of boundary conditions and alters the buckled shape of the plate.
Proposal of a new diffractive corneal inlay to improve near vision in a presbyopic eye
Authors: Montagud-Martínez Diego , Ferrando Vicente , Monsoriu Juan A. , Furlan Walter D.
Published: January 2020

A new class of diffraction-based corneal inlays for treatment of presbyopia is described. The inlay is intended to achieve an improvement of the near focus quality over previous designs. Our proposal is a two-zone hybrid device with separated amplitude and phase areas having a central aperture and no refractive power. An array of micro-holes is distributed on the surface of the inlay conforming a binary photon sieve. In this way, the central hole of the disk contributes to the zero order of diffraction, and the light diffracted by the micro-holes in the peripheral photon sieve produces a real focus for near vision. We employed ray-tracing software to study the performance of the new inlay in the Liou–Brennan model eye. The modulation transfer functions (MTFs) at the distance and near foci, and the area under the MTFs for different object vergences, were the merit functions used in the evaluation. The results were compared with those obtained with previous pure amplitude designs. Additionally, image simulations were performed with the inlays in the model eye to show the good performance of our proposal in improving the quality of the near vision.
24.6  kW near diffraction limit quasi-continuous-wave Nd:YAG slab laser based on a stable–unstable hybrid cavity
Authors: Guo Yading , Peng Qinjun , Bo Yong , Chen Zhongzheng , Li Yang , Zhang Lin , Shao Chongfeng , Yuan Lei , Wang Baoshan , Xu Jian , Xu Jialin , Gao Hongwei , Xu Yiting , Lai Boheng , Su Chunxuan , Ma Shiqing , Cheng Tao
Published: January 2020

A 24.6 kW quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) slab laser is proposed in this Letter. The laser is based on a stable–unstable hybrid cavity. A stable and an unstable resonator were constructed along orthogonal directions in the aperture of the slab. Due to features of the hybrid cavity, the slab laser achieves both high efficiency of power extraction with excellent beam quality and compactness with simplicity. Average output power of 24.6 kW with 47% optical-to-optical efficiency is achieved in the experiment. The beam quality of the output beam is 1.5 times diffraction limits after correction of adaptive optics. The repetition frequency and pulse width of the laser are 400 Hz and 200 μs.
Laser-induced rotary micromotor with high energy conversion efficiency
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lin Siyu , Liu Zhihai , Zhang Yaxun , Zhang Jianzhong , Yang Jun , Yuan Libo
Published: January 2020

Light is a precious resource that nature has given to human beings. Converting green, recyclable light energy into the mechanical energy of a micromotor is undoubtedly an exciting challenge. However, the performance of current light-induced micromotor devices is unsatisfactory, as the light-to-work conversion efficiency is only

10

−
15

–

10

−
12

. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a laser-induced rotary micromotor operated by

Δ
α

-type photopheresis in pure liquid glycerol, whose energy conversion ratio reaches as high as

10

−
9

, which is 3–6 orders of magnitude higher than that of previous light-induced micromotor devices. In addition, we operate the micromotor neither with a light field carrying angular momentum nor with a rotor with a special rotating symmetrical shape. We just employ an annular-core fiber to configure a conical-shaped light field and select a piece of graphite sheet (with an irregular shape) as the micro-rotor. The

Δ
α

-type photophoretic force introduced by the conical-shaped light field drives the rotation of the graphite sheet. We achieve a rotation rate up to 818.2 r/min, which can be controlled by tuning the incident laser power. This optical rotary micromotor is available for twisting macromolecules or generating vortex and shear force in a medium at the nanoscale.
Femtosecond mid-IR optical vortex laser based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification
Authors: Qian Junyu , Peng Yujie , Li Yanyan , Wang Pengfei , Shao Beijie , Liu Zhe , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin
Published: January 2020

A femtosecond mid-infrared optical vortex laser can be used for high harmonic generation to extend cutoff energy to the kilo-electron-volt range with orbital angular momentum, as well as other secondary radiations. For these, we demonstrate a high-energy femtosecond 4 μm optical vortex laser based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) for the first time. The optical vortex seed is generated from a femtosecond 4 μm laser by a silicon spiral phase plate with the topological charge

l

of 1 before the stretcher. Through using a two-stage collinear OPCPA amplifier, the chirped vortex pulse is amplified to 12.4 mJ with 200 nm full width at half-maximum bandwidth. After compression, the vortex laser pulse with 9.53 mJ, 119 fs can be obtained. Furthermore, the vortex characteristics of the laser beam are investigated and evaluated. This demonstration can scale to generate a higher-peak-power vortex mid-IR laser and pave a new way for high field physics.
Veinte aniversario de la revista EKS
Authors: García-Peñalvo Francisco José , Martínez-Abad Fernando , García-Carrasco Joaquín
Published: January 2020

En 2019, la revista Education in the Knowledge Society cumple su vigésimo aniversario, es decir, se publica el volumen 20. Con este hito tan significativo queremos hacer un pequeño recorrido histórico y bibliométrico por estos años, así como informar de las novedades que se presentan a partir de este volumen, siempre con el objetivo de innovar y mejorar para contribuir a la creación de la Sociedad del Conocimiento.
Alfabetización mediática en escenarios familiares. Diagnóstico, necesidades y propuesta formativa
Authors: González-Fernández Natalia , Ramírez García Antonia , Aguaded Gómez Ignacio
Published: January 2020

La presente investigación describe, por un lado, los procesos de alfabetización mediática que se producen en una muestra de familias de toda España en torno a su capacidad crítica frente al uso de un lenguaje técnico, el manejo eficaz y responsable, la discriminación de valores y tendencias transmitidos por los medios, su valoración sobre la información transmitida, su formación, compromiso y participación como consumidores de los mismos; por otro lado, recoge sus demandas y preocupaciones más apremiantes en torno a los medios que normalmente utilizan. La metodología aplicada es cualitativa y la información se ha extraído a través de la aplicación de Focus Group en nueve provincias españolas. Entre los resultados más destacados cabe mencionar el amplio conocimiento que tienen las familias sobre los medios de comunicación, así como el temor hacia el uso y la construcción de mensajes en las redes sociales y la necesidad de una mayor formación en torno a los mismos. De la investigación se desprende la urgencia de diseñar un plan formativo de alfabetización mediática que potencie las habilidades críticas en el ámbito familiar y fomente la participación de sus miembros como prosumidores responsables, dotados de conocimientos sobre lenguaje técnico y audiovisual de los medios, manejo práctico y responsable, influencia de valores y tendencias estéticas de los medios.
Educación, activismo y tecnologías digitales: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Aguilar Forero Nicolás , Cifuentes Álvarez Gary Alberto
Published: January 2020

Pocos estudios en el campo educativo se han preocupado por la relación entre educación y activismo mediado por tecnologías digitales. Sin embargo, dadas las crecientes oleadas de activismo y movilización en el mundo con diversas expresiones educativas, esta relación merece un análisis exhaustivo. El presente artículo indaga cómo la literatura científica ha conceptualizado la relación entre educación y activismo mediado por tecnologías digitales, a través de una revisión sistemática de estudios internacionales publicados entre 1996 y 2016. El enfoque metodológico de esta investigación se basó en un análisis temático, el cual permitió identificar patrones y relaciones emergentes en la literatura científica analizada. Se revisaron 392 artículos y se seleccionaron 40 para un análisis más detallado. Los resultados permiten sostener que, para entender los vínculos entre el activismo mediado por tecnologías digitales y la educación, es necesario problematizar ciertas distinciones conceptuales que hacen algunos estudios al referirse, por ejemplo, a la educación formal, no formal e informal. A partir de allí se propone una nueva taxonomía de prácticas políticas que permiten superar esta y otras distinciones presentes en la literatura científica. Se concluye que es necesario incorporar un “giro práctico” al momento de analizar los vínculos entre activismo, tecnologías digitales y educación, ya que este enfoque permite desafiar las distinciones y oposiciones binarias identificadas en la producción de conocimiento analizada.
Estado del arte en la enseñanza del pensamiento computacional y la programación en la etapa infantil
Authors: González-González Carina Soledad
Published: January 2020

Aprender a programar es la nueva alfabetización del siglo XXI. El pensamiento computacional, estrechamente relacionado con la programación, requiere pensar y resolver problemas con diferentes niveles de abstracción y es independiente de los dispositivos de hardware. En este artículo se analizan las principales iniciativas relacionadas con el pensamiento computacional en las escuelas, el uso de herramientas específicas, tales como los kits de robótica o entornos de programación educativa, y principales estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje utilizadas en educación infantil.
Comunidades virtuales: dinámicas emergentes de participación social y aprendizaje entre los jóvenes
Authors: Miño Puigcercós Raquel , Rivera Vargas Pablo , Alonso Cano Cristina
Published: January 2020

En el siguiente artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre el aprendizaje de los jóvenes mediante la participación social en comunidades virtuales. El proyecto se organizó en tres fases: (1) detección y cartografiado de entornos virtuales con alta participación de jóvenes de entre 15 y 29 años; (2) selección y estudio en profundidad de 7 comunidades virtuales; y (3) creación y distribución de un cuestionario en línea para calibrar la extensión del fenómeno. Se partió de un muestreo intencionado de 24 comunidades virtuales con alta participación juvenil, que permitió categorizar las particularidades de las comunidades virtuales. A partir de los resultados de la primera fase, se llevaron a cabo siete estudios de caso, realizando entre 2 y 4 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a los participantes de cada comunidad, además de recogida de evidencias obtenidas de la propia observación de los entornos virtuales. Los resultados de esta segunda fase son los presentados en este trabajo, especialmente los relativos a las categorías: interés por participar, cultura participativa, dinámicas de aprendizaje y expansión de los saberes. En la discusión se profundiza en cómo las comunidades virtuales se han convertido en uno de los contextos cotidianos de los jóvenes, ampliando sus oportunidades de aprendizaje.
La comprensión de las citas por parte de los estudiantes de arquitectura: Turco vs. Asiáticos y Africanos
Authors: Baysen Fatma , Akçay Ayten Özsavas
Published: January 2020

El propósito de este estudio es investigar la comprensión del concepto de citación por parte de los estudiantes de arquitectura. Participaron en él estudiantes universitarios internacionales (28 países de Oriente Medio y África) y turcos de edades comprendidas entre los 17 y los 40 años, matriculados en los cuatro primeros años de grado universitario. Se encontró que todos los estudiantes tenían al menos un concepto erróneo sobre las citaciones. Se descubrió que los estudiantes carecían de conocimientos sobre lo qué es y significa plagio. Los estudiantes turcos tuvieron más éxito en ciertas áreas, mientras que los estudiantes internacionales no tuvieron más éxito que los estudiantes turcos en ninguna de las áreas estudiadas. Este artículo discute las implicaciones educativas del uso de las citas.
Acciones, políticas y estrategias para el balance de género en el ámbito STEM: Resultados de una dinámica World Café
Authors: García-Peñalvo Francisco José , Bello Alessandro , Domínguez Ángeles , Romero Chacón Rosaura M.
Published: January 2020

El proyecto W-STEM se orienta en reducir la brecha de género existente en la ciencia, específicamente en los campos STEM en América Latina. Durante el International Leadership Summit, celebrado en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) el 26 de noviembre de 2019 en el marco del proyecto, cuarenta y cuatro personas, incluyendo investigadores y cargos directivos de instituciones de educación superior, participaron en una dinámica World Café para discutir sobre las posibles acciones, políticas y estrategias que podrían desarrollarse en las universidades para reducir la mencionada brecha de género en los estudios STEM. Se realizaron cuatro mesas y este artículo resume las conclusiones más destacadas de las conversaciones mantenidas.
Percepciones y uso de la Wikipedia en alumnos de educación secundaria
Authors: Cuquet Martí , García San Pedro María José
Published: January 2020

La Wikipedia es un recurso cada vez más usado en los procesos de aprendizaje, aunque generalmente los alumnos sean meros consumidores. Este artículo presenta un análisis de las percepciones que los alumnos de secundaria tienen acerca de la Wikipedia y el uso que hacen de ella. El estudio se realizó con un total de 143 alumnos de fin de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (15 años) y fin de Bachillerato (17 años) de un centro del ámbito metropolitano de Barcelona. Los resultados sugieren que los alumnos valoran la Wikipedia por su rapidez, facilidad de uso y gran cobertura y aceptan el compromiso con una percibida baja fiabilidad. El estudio también indica una gran diferencia de uso según el ámbito de conocimiento, con prevalencia de uso en materias específicas de investigación y de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, y mínimo en el caso de las Matemáticas. Por otro lado, se observa un uso simultáneo de distintas versiones lingüísticas, principalmente catalana y castellana y, en menor medida, inglesa. El artículo contribuye a una mejor comprensión del uso y percepciones de la Wikipedia en alumnos de educación secundaria y pretende servir de base para el diseño de intervenciones educativas centradas en el desarrollo de la competencia digital a través de la edición de la Wikipedia.
Derechos de las comunidades tradicionales: la construcción de una sociedad solidaria como resultado de una hermenéutica plural
Authors: Barros Jobim Marcelo
Published: January 2020

Este artículo discute el alcance de la efectividad de la norma constitucional brasileña que prevé el objetivo fundamental de construir una sociedad solidaria (artículo 3.º, I), a través de la crítica a la idea de "principio de la solidaridad" cuando la norma en cuestión es aplicada por los tribunales. Se argumenta que la solidaridad en la Constitución brasileña no se presenta como una categoría normativa, sino como una meta de transformación social para lo cual el Poder Judicial tiene un papel fundamental. Se pretende con este estudio iniciar una discusión que objetiva demostrar que el Poder Judicial brasileño vacía la meta constitucional de construir una sociedad solidaria cuando aprehende la solidaridad como una norma principio, promoviendo aplicaciones de ésta con base en un discurso retórico, de sesgo principiológico. Para superar este escenario, se sostiene que el Poder Judicial debe actuar en sintonía con el contexto latinoamericano, principalmente a partir de métodos inclusivos, en el ámbito de la pluralidad socio-política-cultural, promoviendo una visión anti-hegemónica del derecho. En ese sentido, el orden jurídico brasileño al prever los derechos de las comunidades tradicionales impone a los poderes públicos, y en especial al Judicial, por medio de una hermenéutica plural, el rescate de una deuda histórica y, en consecuencia, la formación de una cultura social de la alteridad.
Club de la lucha: competición electoral en la disputa por los gobiernos estatales brasileños (2006-2018)
Authors: Calheiros Erikson , GuimarÃes Francielly , Pequeno Mayres , Rodrigues Quemuel , Gomes Taynara
Published: January 2020

¿Cuál es el efecto recursos económicos disponibles por los partidos desafiantes en los votos? La literatura asume que los desafiantes son más eficientes cuando se trata de transformar el dinero en votos (Jacobson, 1978). Nuestro objetivo es analizar empíricamente esa relación, defendiendo la hipótesis de que los candidatos desafiantes son más eficientes a la hora de transformar recursos en votos. Para probar nuestra hipótesis analizaremos los datos de las elecciones para gobernadores de los años 2006, 2010, 2014 y 2018. Utilizaremos el Modelo de Regresión Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO) para estimar el efecto de los recursos disponibles sobre el voto. Nuestro objetivo se centra en los candidatos a las administraciones estatales brasileñas, cuyos resultados indican que: 1) hubo una caída significativa en los gastos de campaña electoral tras la ley que prohíbe la financiación privada; 2) El coste medio del voto en el año 2018 es de R$ 8, 84; y 3) los partidos desafiantes son más eficientes a la hora de transformar los recursos económicos en votos.
The Films of Douglas Sirk
Authors: Ryan Tom
Published: January 2020

Working in Europe during the 1930s, mainly for Germany’s UFA studios, and then in America in the 1940s and ’50s, Douglas Sirk brought to all his work a distinctive style that has led to his reputation as one of the 20th century cinema’s great ironists. He did things his own way: for him, rules were there to be broken, whether they were the decrees of Nazi authorities trying to turn film into propaganda or of studios insisting that characters’ problems should always be solved and that endings should always restore order, providing what Sirk used to call “emergency exits” for audiences.
This study of Sirk is the first comprehensive critical overview of the filmmaker’s entire career, examining the ’50s melodramas for which he has been rightly acclaimed – films such as All That Heaven Allows, Written on the Wind, The Tarnished Angels and Imitation of Life – and instructively looking beyond them at his earlier work, which includes musicals, comedies, thrillers, war movies and westerns.
Offering fresh insights into all of these films and situating them in the culture of their times, the book also incorporates extensive interview material drawn from a variety of sources, including the author’s own conversations with the director. Furthermore, it undertakes a detailed reconsideration of the generally overlooked novels and plays that served as sources for Sirk’s films, as well as providing a critical overview of previous Sirk commentary, from the time of the director’s “rediscovery” in the late 1960s to the present day.
American Beginnings
Authors: Ryan Tom
Published: January 2020

This chapter gives a brief outline of Sirk’s life after his emigration to the US and analysis of the early films he made there. It offers commentary on the ways in which this work reflected as much on where he was coming from as it did on where he now found himself, “an émigré filmmaker who was working in the US but whose heart and mind were still based elsewhere”.
Postscript
Authors: Ryan Tom
Published: January 2020

“Beautiful picture. It nearly got Hedy Lamarr an Academy nomination. It’s the only picture where she ever had to act. A beautiful picture—very beautiful, very difficult.”

—EDGAR G. ULMER, 197020

After finishing A Scandal in Paris, but before beginning production on Lured, Sirk was asked to do some reshoots for ...
Between Mimesis and Fantasy
Authors: Eichel Andrew
Published: January 2020

This chapter states that Neil Gaiman's graphic series The Books of Magic is a refutation of the binary opposition between mimetic and non-mimetic modes of thought. Throughout protagonist Timothy Hunter's journey, reality and fantasy are offered to the audience as two ways of viewing and living in the world. Gaiman does not offer a definitive resolution between the two because he is more interested in getting readers to ask their own questions and arrive at their own conclusions.
Weaving New Dreams From Old Cloth
Authors: Gutierrez Anna Katrina
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the significance of Gaiman's creative disruptions of scripts and schemas in two of his visual retellings for young adults: The Sleeper and the Spindle (2014) and the graphic novel The Sandman: The Dream Hunters (1999). By weaving the old, well-worn cloth of fairy tale narrative scripts together with new schematics, Gaiman and his collaborators present sometimes radical ideologies clothed in the comfortable garb of rehearsed, longstanding traditions. As much as this action masks the changing cultural attitudes represented by the "new cloth," Gaiman's weavings also reveal to careful readers how narratives become ubiquitous and achieve metanarrativity. To understand how our minds interpret scripts, schemas, and metanarratives, this chapter will bring to bear conceptual blending and schema theories on my examination of the verbal and visual interplay of source texts and Gaiman retellings
Feeling in the Light
Authors: Taylor Christin Marie
Published: January 2020

Much of Eudora Welty’s writing during the Popular Front era shows a writer with an eye turned toward black workers and their centrality in southern American life, from the ordinary everyday to major political events. Welty’s use of fear and desire reconfigures discourses about black workers, including myths of rape in the midst of Popular Front anti-lynching efforts. With the case of Scottsboro and others whispering in the background, her interrelated vignettes and short fiction engage the failures of the New Deal to address the painful occurrences of lynching and labor oppression experienced by African Americans. The Golden Apples (1949) and other short stories offer a sense of racial terror, fear, and desire —feelings that not only challenged perceptions of blackness but also questioned the role of white feminine agency.
A Legal History of Mississippi
Authors: Ranney Joseph A.
Published: January 2020

Sixty years ago, one historian described state legal history as a “wasteland,” a neglected but vitally important part of American history. Legal histories of individual states are now beginning to appear. With this book, Mississippi joins their ranks.

The book describes the evolution of Mississippi’s legal system and analyses the changes in that system during the state’s first 200 years. The book examines the interaction of law and society during six key periods of change: (1) Mississippi’s colonial and territorial eras and early years of statehood, when the foundations for its legal system were laid; (2) the evolution of Mississippi slavery and slave law during the early nineteenth century; (3) the state’s role as a leader of legal reform during the age of Andrew Jackson; (4) the unfolding of the Mississippi’s legal response to emancipation and wartime economic devastation during the Reconstruction and early Jim Crow eras; (5) Mississippi’s legal evolution during the Progressive Era and its response to the crisis of the Great Depression; and (6) the state’s legal response to the civil rights and cultural revolutions that have unfolded since 1950.
Implied Nowhere
Authors: Ingram Shelley , Mullins Willow G. , Richardson Todd , Prahlad Anand
Published: January 2020

Implied Nowhere: Absence in Folklore Studies talks about things folklorists don’t usually talk about. It ponders the tacit aspects of folklore and folklore studies, looking into the unarticulated expectations placed upon people whenever they talk about folklore and how those expectations necessarily affect the folklore they are talking about.
The book’s chapters are wide-ranging in subject and style, yet they all orbit the idea that much of folklore, both as a phenomenon and as a field, hinges upon tacit or absent assumptions about who we are and what it is that we do. The authors articulate theories and methodologies for making sense of these absences, and, in the process, they offer critical new insights into discussions of race, authenticity, community, folklore and literature, popular culture, and scholarly authority. Taken as a whole, the book represents a new and challenging way of looking into the ways that groups come together to make meaning.
In addition to the main chapters, the book also includes eight “interstitials,” shorter chapters that consider understudied and under-appreciated aspects of folklore. These discussions, which range from a consideration of knitting in public to the ways that invisibility shapes an internet meme to Bob Dylan, are presented as questions more than answers, encouraging readers to think about what folklore and folklore studies might look like if practitioners only chose to look at the subject from a slightly different angle.
The Footprints of Ghosts: Fictional Folklorists in the Work of Gloria Naylor, Lee Smith, Randall Kenan, and Colson Whitehead
Authors: Ingram Shelley
Published: January 2020

This chapter looks at the fictional folklorists who appear in the work of Gloria Naylor, Lee Smith, Randall Kenan, and Colson Whitehead. An interesting pattern emerges when you consider the works of these four writers side-by-side: each of the stories are structured through a metafictive, self-conscious framework, each ask the reader to think critically about notions of authenticity, and each are haunted by ghosts, both figurative and literal. The ghostly is not an arbitrary signifier here. It figures an absence that has something to do with knowledge and text, with literary tourism, and with the inability to ever know, really, the shape of a community’s past, present, or future. This chapter thus argues that the character of the folklorist serves as a metonymic signifier of the absence always present in the representation of cultures.
Folklore in Baltic History
Authors: Naithani Sadhana
Published: January 2020

Folklore in Baltic History: Resistance and Resurgence is a study of how the discipline of folklore studies was treated under the totalitarian rule of the USSR in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 1945 to 1991 and what role the study of folklore has played since independence in 1991. It is a “dramatic history” of what happened to folklorists, folklore archives and folklore departments in the universities under the Soviet rule. On the one hand was a coercive and brutal state and on the other peoples conscious of their national, cultural and linguistic identity as comprised in their folklore. On the one hand, scholars and archivists fell in line and on the other, continued to subvert the coercion by devising ingenious ways of communicating among themselves. When freedom came in 1991 they were ready to create the record of undocumented brutality by documenting life stories and oral history. Sadhana Naithani juxtaposes the work of folklore scholars in the Baltic countries between 1945 and 1991 to the life of the people in the same period to reach an evaluation of the Baltic folkloristics. She concludes that the study of folklore has been an act of resistance and has aided in the resurgence of freedom and identity in the post-Soviet Baltic countries.
Resistance Site 1
Authors: Naithani Sadhana
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses how the study of folklore in the Tartu University proceeded under the Soviet rule. It is about the ways in which professors and students continued to engage with their cultural identity while following the rules. They created a “parallel world.”
Cajun English: A Linguistic and Cultural Profile
Authors: Carmichael Katie
Published: January 2020

This is an overview of the historical and cultural forces that created Cajun English, including a discussion of some of the dialects more prominent features.
Amanhecer em extensão
Authors: Silva Marcello José Ferreira , Neto Nilson Dias Brabo , Fontel dos Reis Junior Luiz Wanderley , Cravo de Oliveira Marden
Published: January 2020

A promoção de saúde consiste em uma série de ações as quais almejam a educação, conscientização e prevenção de doenças. Neste conjunto, a educação em saúde se demonstra como um fator imprescindível para a formação não somente do estudante, mas para toda a comunidade em que ele se insere. Os desafios da aplicação dessa educação margeiam toda a conjuntura socioeconômica e cultural da população alvo e, nesse sentido, a extensão acadêmica cumpre o papel de ponte de saberes entre a universidade e a sociedade. Realizada ao longo de um ano, promoveu-se em distritos específicos da cidade de Belém, capital do Pará, um projeto extensionista com o objetivo de sensibilizar a população sobre a anemia gestacional, doença altamente prevalente em todo mundo, afetando mais de 40% das gestantes em território nacional. Foram realizadas palestras e gincanas pautadas na metodologia peer education, a fim de permitir uma transmissão horizontal do conhecimento, sem sobreposições de classes sociais ou intelectuais. As gestantes participantes, cientes das adversidades nas quais estavam inseridas foram educadas a como manejar a necessidade da nutrição combinando estratégias de dieta rica em verduras e frutas das feiras da vizinhança, bem como a importância do pré-natal, efetivamente conscientizando esta população.