bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Classification Method for Drone-Based Crops in Smart Farming
Authors: Al-Rami Bandar , Alheeti Khattab M. Ali , Aldosari Waleed M. , Alshahrani Saeed Matar , Al-Abrez Shahad Mahdi
Published: May 2022

During the past decades, smart farming became one of the most important revolutions in the agriculture industry. Smart farming makes use of different communication technologies and modern information sciences for increasing the quality and quantity of the product. On the other hand, drones showed a major potential for enhancing imagery systems and remote sensing usage for many different applications such as crop classification, crop health monitoring, and weed management. In this paper, an intelligent method for classifying crops is proposed to use a transfer learning approach based on a number of drone images. Moreover, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method is used as a classifier to improve efficiency for obtaining more accurate results in the training and testing phases. Various metrics are measured to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model such as accuracy rate of detection, error rate and confusing matrix. It is found to be proven from the experimental results that the proposed method presents more efficient results with an accuracy detection rate of 92.93%.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Mobile Assisted Second Language Learning
Authors: Feng Juan , Chen Yong
Published: May 2022

This article reviews mobile assisted second language learning (MASLL) with a bibliometric method. The authors collected data of papers related to MASLL from Web of Science and then analyzed the sources, authors, papers, and conceptual structure. The result suggests that: the effects of technology on learning, vocabulary, personalized learning, learning environment, learner attitudes were popular topics in this field; the attention on themes related to “technology” is fading away and the focus of MASLL research is shifting to themes related to “students”. Most-cited journals, authors, and papers are also presented in this article.
Information Systems for Cultural Tourism Management Using Text Analytics and Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Yuensuk Thanet , Limpinan Potsirin , Nuankaew Wongpanya , Nuankaew Pratya
Published: May 2022

Using technology to deliver specific human interests is gaining attention. It results in humans being presented differently with what each individual wants. Therefore, this research aims to develop a culturally tourism recommended application using machine learning technology. It has three objectives: to develop a predictive model for cultural tourism management using text mining techniques, to evaluate the effectiveness of the cultural tourist attraction management model, and to assess the satisfaction of using the application for cultural tourism management. The research data was collected on Facebook conversations from 385 tourists (3,257 transactions) who had traveled to a famous tourist destination in Maha Sarakham Province. The prediction model development tools are three classification techniques including Naïve Bayes, Neural Network, and K-Nearest Neighbor. The model performance evaluation tool consists of a confusion matrix and cross-validation methods. In addition, a questionnaire was used to assess the satisfaction of the application. The results showed that the model with the highest accuracy was modeled by the Naïve Bayes technique with an accuracy of 91.65%. Simultaneously, the level of satisfaction with the application was high, with an average of satisfaction equal to 3.98 (S.D. equal to 0.69). It was therefore concluded that the application was accepted by it to be further expanded to offer more widespread research.
Assessing the Impact of Mobile-Based Training on Teachers’ Achievement and Usage Attitude
Authors: Dahri Nisar Ahmed , Vighio Muhammad Saleem , Omar A. Alismaiel  , Waleed Mugahed Al-Rahmi
Published: May 2022

Teachers' professional development plays a key role in imparting quality education. However, the design and delivery of quality professional development programs is a challenging problem due to numerous issues such as inadequate policies, lack of skilled personnel and training, politically influenced appointments, and dependency on the traditional modes of training. The COVID-19 pandemic has further escalated the situation and severely affected trainers’ and trainees' interest, motivation, and engagement. Due to its ubiquitous, flexible, and cost-effective nature, technology has played a key role in carrying out educational activities even in the pandemic situation. However, little emphasis has been provided on the use of technology for the professional development of teachers. This study investigates the effects of mobile-based training app on teachers learning outcomes and attitudes towards its usage. The training app is based on our enhanced CPD model for teachers' professional development. For the study, 308 in-service elementary school teachers of division shaheed Benazirabad are selected for the training and assessment purposes. To perform the experiments, teachers were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group contained 158 teachers which were provided training through the mobile app. The remaining 150 teachers of the control group were provided training using the traditional physical appearance. Pre and post-test were designed to examine the effects of mobile-based training on the teachers’ learning outcomes before and after the training intervention. Besides assessing the learning outcomes, the attitude towards the use of the training app was also assessed using the attitude scale. The analysis of results determined that the training through a mobile app has a significant effect on teachers learning outcomes in terms of knowledge, skills, and dispositions. Furthermore, teachers showed a positive attitude towards the use of training app. The experimental group had significantly high attitude scores in post-test toward mobile-based training systems. Teachers’ experience using the mobile app has been perceived as an approach that has significantly increased teaching proficiency. Experimental results suggest that mobile-based professional development modes positively impact teachers' professional and academic achievement and performance to produce a rising number of certified teachers irrespective of time, space, and financial constraints.
La variabilité pluviométrique et ses impacts sur les rendements et les surfaces cultivées dans le bassin arachidier de la région de Thiès (Sénégal)
Authors: Diallo Souleymane , Faye MBagnick , Nacro Hassan Bismarck
Published: May 2022

L’étude a pour objectif d’analyser les impacts de la variabilité pluviométrique sur les rendements agricoles dans le bassin arachidier de la région de Thiès. La variabilité pluviométrique et la baisse des volumes de pluie sont des caractéristiques du bassin arachidier de la région de Thiès à l’instar des autres pays du sahel. Il y a dans le milieu d’étude un déficit important d’eau à partir des années 1970. Cette dégradation des conditions pluviométriques n’est pas sans impacts sur les activités socio-économiques des populations, notamment sur l’agriculture. Une analyse statistique (test de rupture de Pettitt, indice de sécheresse, évolution pluviométrique décennale) des données pluviométriques et agricoles sur la période 1961-2016 a permis de constater une irrégulière distribution spatio-temporelle des volumes de pluie. Cette étude montre aussi une faible corrélation entre la pluviométrie et les rendements agricoles. Les volumes de pluie annuels enregistrés ne déterminent pas à eux seuls les rendements. Les rendements de mil, niébé et manioc n’ont que faiblement varié durant les années 1970 malgré la sécheresse, contrairement à l’arachide qui a enregistré une baisse dans tous les trois départements de la région de Thiès, à cause de la sécheresse. D’autres facteurs interviennent tels que les épisodes secs, la qualité des semences, la fertilité des sols, les prédateurs des cultures, et cetera. La sensibilité différente des cultures à la sécheresse à Thiès, contribue aux choix des meilleures options pour une adaptation réussie.
Catherine D'Amato
Authors: McWade Jessica
Published: May 2022

This chapter inspires readers with the story of one woman's lifelong commitment to fight hunger and to lead teams able to imagine actually ending hunger one day. At an early age, Catherine D'Amato found inspiration in her father's belief system, translating his generosity and sense of civic purpose into a vision that has helped feed hundreds of thousands of hungry and needy people. She came to understand the essential roles of advocacy, education, and storytelling in the practice of leadership, especially since so many people do not realize how deep the “silent epidemic” of hunger pervades our communities. In turn, she continues to inspire subsequent generations of leaders equally committed to eradicating the scourge of hunger.
Evaluating the relationship between family role performance levels and health perceptions of individuals: a cross-sectional study in primary care
Authors: Karasu Fatma , Polat Filiz
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between family role performance levels and health perceptions of individuals. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 438 participants who applied to four Family Health Centers between 18 July 2020 and 18 November 2020. The data were collected using Personal Information Form, Family Role Performance Scale, and Perception of Health Scale. ANOVA, independent samples t test and regression test were used for statistics calculations. Ethics Committee approval and institutional permissions were obtained to conduct the study. Scale mean scores of the participants were 30.92 ± 6.41 for Family Role Performance Scale and 48.35 ± 7.73 for Perception of Health Scale. As a result of simple linear regression analysis, a significant correlation was found between Family Role Performance and Perception of Health Scale. According to regression analysis, it was determined that family role performance affected health perception at the rate of 15.1%. In this study, it was determined that as family role performance increased, the level of health perception also increased, and there was a correlation between family role performance and health perception. Family role performances and health perception for all participants were at a moderate level
Recent Progress in Synthesis and Applications of Zinc Phosphate Nanoparticles: A Review
Authors: Shathi Tonmoye Sarkar , Rahman Md. Abdur , Ahmad Hasan , Karim Md. Rabiul
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, nanomaterials have become the research hot topic by the virtue of their fascinating attributions in human civilization. Zinc phosphate nanoparticles (ZnPNPs), an inorganic material, possess some unique features, such as high thermal stability, low solubility in corrosive media, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and luminescence property. As a result, ZnPNPs have enormously been explored by researchers in many important applications, such as anticorrosion pigment, drug delivery, antibacterial as well as anticancer agents, biocatalyst, lubricant additives, regeneration of bone tissues and removal of toxic metal from the environmental samples, and so on. Considering diversified applications potential, morphologically different ZnPNPs have mainly been fabricated by precipitation, sonochemical and biological methods. The surface property of ZnPNPs differs with pH, temperature, reaction time, and substrate concentrations. One-step in situ and facile synthetic procedures, as well as greener synthesis protocols of ZnPNPs can be advantageous over conventional methods to eliminate toxic chemicals and by-products. In addition, both artificial and natural polymer-modified ZnPNPs would offer improved properties, such as better colloidal stability, option for further functionalization, and render desired biocompatibility of prepared hybrid nanocomposite particles in applying for targeted applications. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo studies of polymer functionalized ZnPNPs can be an attractive research topic in biotechnological and electrochemical fields. Therefore, the current review provides a summary of the recent progress on the fabrication methods, an opportunity for the future directions to the researchers in the improvement of shape-selective synthesis and application potentials of ZnPNPs.
Influence of the Addition of the Elements Ti and Cr on the Structure, and Mechanical and Tribological Properties of AlSiN Coatings
Authors: Petkov Nikolay , Bakalova Totka , Bahchedzhiev Hristo , Kejzlar Pavel , Rysanek Petr , Kormunda Martin , Capkova Pavla
Published: May 2022

The influence of Al/Ti and Al/Cr ratios on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of AlTiSiN and AlCrSiN coatings, deposited by the cathodic arc evaporation PVD method at a temperature of 400°C, was investigated. The remains of the original AlSiN hexagonal phase were observed in the obtained coatings as well as the crystallites of cubic TiN and CrN, respectively. XPS analysis assumes the presence of a substoichiometric SiN. The addition of 11 at.% Ti or 13 at.% Cr in AlSiN led to an increase in both the coating’s resistance to plastic deformation and the plasticity index. The addition of 13 at.% and 24 at.% Cr to the AlSiN coating structure resulted in a decrease in the average coefficient of friction with 18% and 36% against a counterpart of Al2O3, respectively, and with 36% for both concentration against steel ball counterpart. The addition of Ti have no influence on the values of the coefficient of friction at using ceramic counterpart, while at steel counterpart decreased it up to 30%. Both element change the abrasion effect of the coating.Keywords:AlCrSiN; AlTiSiN;Cathodic Arc Deposition; Tribological Behaviour; Abrasion Resistance; Nanoindentation
Thermal Conductivity and Rheological Studies for Graphene-Al2O3 / Ethylene Glycol-Water Hybrid Nanofluid at Low Temperatures
Authors: Nayebpashaee Nasim , Hadavi S.M.M.
Published: May 2022

In this study, the effect of nanoparticle concentration and temperature on the thermophysical properties of graphene-Al2O3/ethylene glycol-water hybrid nanofluid at low temperatures was experimentally investigated. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and BET methods. The dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of the hybrid nanofluids were experimentally determined at different volume concentrations of nanoparticles (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and at temperatures ranging from 263 to 303 K. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of nanoparticles into the base fluid significantly increased the viscosity. The hybrid nanofluid with solid volume fractions less than 0.5% exhibited Newtonian behavior, while those with higher solid volume fractions (0.5% - 2.5%) exhibited shear-thinning non-Newtonian behavior and followed the power law model. The hybrid nanofluids showed surprising behavior at sub-zero temperatures and low concentration, which can be attributed to oleic acid and graphene nanoplatelets. The thermal conductivity of the hybrid nanofluids increased with increasing temperature and volumetric concentration of the nanoparticles. The ratios of thermal conductivity were increased by about 44.02% and 4.07% at 303 K and 263 K, respectively, with a solid concentration of 2.5 vol%. Based on the experimental results, a reliable correlation was presented to evaluate the thermal conductivity of graphene-Al2O3/ethylene glycol-water hybrid nanofluid at different temperatures and nanoparticle concentrations.
SARS-CoV-2 viral load dynamics in immunocompromised critically ill patients on remdesivir treatment
Authors: Lahmer Tobias , Erber Johanna , Schmid Roland M. , Schneider Jochen , Spinner Christoph D. , Luppa Peter , Sörgel Fritz , Kinzig Martina , Rasch Sebastian
Published: May 2022

The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 quantitative viral load and risk of disease progression, morbidity such as long-COVID or mortality in immunosuppressed, remains largely undefined in COVID-19 patients. Critically ill immunosuppressed patients potentially benefit from remdesivir treatment because of the prolonged course of their infection. Four critically ill immunocompromised patients and the impact of remdesivir on viral dynamics in lower respiratory samples were studied. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were assessed to measure SARS-CoV-2 quantitative viral load using real-time PCR. Corresponding plasma levels of remdesivir and its metabolite GS-441524 were determined. Mean virus load of 39.74 x 107 geq/ml (±33.25 x 107 geq/ml) on day 1 dropped significantly (p<0.008) to 3.54 x 106 geq/ml (±6.93 x 106 geq/ml) on day 3 and to 1.4 x 105 geq/ml (±2.35 x 105 geq/ml) on day 5 of remdesivir treatment. Mean virus load dropped below <1% between day 1 and 5 of remdesivir treatment. Parent prodrug remdesivir and also GS441524 metabolite levels of antiviral activity in our patients were far in excess of EC 50. Our data present that remdesivir treatment potentially reduces the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in immunosuppressed critically ill patients. However, the implication of viral load reduction on morbidity and mortality needs further investigation.
Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special report of the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Lee Ga Bin , Kim Yoonjung , Park Suyeon , Kim Hyeon Chang , Oh Kyungwon
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES: We investigated trends in obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Korean adult population.METHODS: Data from 60,098 participants in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2011 and 2020 aged ≥19 were used. The age-standardized prevalence and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated for obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2), hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or under treatment), diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, physician diagnosis, or under treatment), and hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or under treatment).RESULTS: Over the past decade (2011-2020), the age-standardized APCs (95% confidence intervals) for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were 3.0% (2.1 to 3.8), 0.1% (-1.3 to 1.5), 1.5% (-1.0 to 4.0) and 8.0% (5.7 to 10.3), respectively, in men; and -0.2% (-1.5 to 1.2), -0.5% (-1.9 to 0.9), -0.1% (-2.3 to 2.2) and 5.9% (3.9 to 8.0), respectively, in women. In 2020 compared to the previous 3 years (2017-2019), obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia increased in men (6.0, 1.8, 1.9, and 2.8%p, respectively), but an increase was not apparent in women (2.5, -1.1, 0.8, and 0.7%p, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: An increase in major chronic diseases was observed in Korean adults, especially men, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to reduce the burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the future, effective intervention strategies need to be developed according to the characteristics of the target groups.
Applying the OMOP Common Data Model to Facilitate Benefit-Risk Assessments of Medicinal Products Using Real-World Data from Singapore and South Korea
Authors: Tan Hui Xing , Teo Desmond Chun Hwee , Lee Dongyun , Kim Chungsoo , Neo Jing Wei , Sung Cynthia , Chahed Haroun , Ang Pei San , Tan Doreen Su Yin , Park Rae Woong , Dorajoo Sreemanee Raaj
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the benefits of converting Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) to a common data model (CDM) and to assess the potential of CDM-converted data to rapidly generate insights for benefit-risk assessments in post-market regulatory evaluation and decisions.Methods: EMRs from January 2013 to December 2016 were mapped onto the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-CDM (OMOP-CDM) schema. Vocabulary mappings were applied to convert source data values into OMOP-CDM-endorsed terminologies. Existing analytic codes used in a prior OMOP-CDM drug utilization study were modified to conduct an illustrative analysis of oral anticoagulants used for atrial fibrillation in Singapore and South Korea, resembling a typical benefit-risk assessment. A novel visualization is proposed to represent the comparative effectiveness, safety and utilization of the drugs.Results: Over 90% of records were mapped onto the OMOP-CDM. The CDM data structures and analytic code templates simplified the querying of data for the analysis. In total, 2,419 patients from Singapore and South Korea fulfilled the study criteria, the majority of whom were warfarin users. After 3 months of follow-up, differences in cumulative incidence of bleeding and thromboembolic events were observable via the proposed visualization, surfacing insights as to the agent of preference in a given clinical setting, which may meaningfully inform regulatory decision-making.Conclusions: While the structure of the OMOP-CDM and its accessory tools facilitate real-world data analysis, extending them to fulfil regulatory analytic purposes in the post-market setting, such as benefit-risk assessments, may require layering on additional analytic tools and visualization techniques.
Remote Healthcare Program in Mexico in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mendoz Rodolfo Lehmann , Moreno Gabriela Yanet Cortés , Martinez Arredondo Hilario Ascensión , Jeanet Anaya Aguilar Cynthia , Rosales Pedro Armando Chaidez , Mundo Ilicia González , Nava Armando Mejía , Heald Adrian H. , Torres Ruiz Miguel Jesús , Rivera Miguel Félix Mata
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Given the challenge of limiting the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 while simultaneously continuing to provide medical care for other chronic and degenerative diseases and monitor therapy, a remote medical advice and guidance program was created to help individuals receive health services at their homes.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study was performed from April 13, 2020 to April 19, 2021 among Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) health services beneficiaries. Mobile text messages were used to assign patients throughout Mexico to a doctor, who coordinated a video call with the nursing service for advice and remote care.Results: In total, 17,472 calls were registered, with an average duration of 10.28 minutes. Almost half (49.4%) of the people who requested attention through the remote program were workers, 31.5% were workers’ relatives, and 19.1% were retired workers. The average age of the program users was 50.66 ± 18.02 years. A total of 144 doctors from 28 different specialties participated. In this program, 7,163 calls were made because of respiratory symptoms, 1,514 for therapeutic monitoring (prescriptions), and 8,183 because of other diseases, including mental health.Conclusions: Remote healthcare programs have shown the potential to support the health system. This program is the first to deploy real-time video calls with a health team utilizing institutional electronic clinical records in Mexico. The implementation of this pandemic management program impacted the number of consultations given remotely, resulting in effective triage.
Lockdowns, Community Mobility Patterns, and COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from 16 Countries
Authors: Venkatesh U , Gandhi P Aravind , Ara Tasnim , Rahman Md Mahabubur , Kishore Jugal
Published: May 2022

Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries around the world framed specific laws and imposed varying degrees of lockdowns to ensure the maintenance of physical distancing. Understanding changes in temporal and spatial mobility patterns may provide insights into the dynamics of this infectious disease. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of lockdown measures in 16 countries worldwide by analyzing the relationship between community mobility patterns and the doubling time of COVID-19.Methods: We performed a retrospective record-based analysis of population-level data on the doubling time for COVID-19 and community mobility. The doubling time for COVID-19 was calculated based on the laboratory-confirmed cases reported daily over the study period (from February 15 to May 2, 2020). Principal component analysis (PCA) of six mobility pattern-related variables was conducted. To explain the magnitude of the effect of mobility on the doubling time, a finite linear distributed lag model was fitted. The k-means clustering approach was employed to identify countries with similar patterns in the significant co-efficient of the mobility index, with the optimal number of clusters derived using Elbow’s method.Results: The countries analyzed had reduced mobility in commercial and social places. Reduced mobility had a significant and favorable association with the doubling time of COVID-19—specifically, the greater the mobility reduction, the longer the time taken for the COVID-19 cases to double.Conclusions: COVID-19 lockdowns achieved the immediate objective of mobility reduction in countries with a high burden of cases.
Implications of language barriers for access to healthcare: The case of francophone migrants in Ghana
Authors: Chachu Sewoenam
Published: May 2022

Ghana has become home to many migrants from Francophone countries due to educational, professional, economic, and socio-political factors, among others. These factors also interact well with the country’s strategic location within the sub-region. As a result, migrants seek access to various public services including healthcare. However, language tends to be a barrier to their pursuit of quality healthcare. Based on the Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) of Giles, the paper examines the implications of language barrier on Francophone migrants’ access to healthcare in Ghana and highlights how the migrant patients and health personnel perceive and deal with the barriers during consultations. The study uses qualitative methods, including key informant interviews and participant observation to gather data from three border towns and one referral hospital in the capital of Ghana. Findings reveal that health personnel and patients from francophone countries, when communicating during the health care process, demonstrate the use of convergence/accommodation and divergence/non-accommodation or divergence. On the whole, the practices and experiences that demonstrate convergence produce better health experiences and outcomes for both the patients and the health personnel while those that show divergence have a negative experience and outcome.
Stakeholders and community radio: Promoting participatory governance in Ghana
Authors: Naaikuur Lawrence , Diedong Africanus Lewil , Dzisah Wilberforce S.
Published: May 2022

This study presents what can be described as a how-to-text on how community radio (CR) can be creatively used to address low civic involvement in policy-making in Ghana’s local governance units. The study employed a qualitative research approach. In-depth interviews were used to collect data from representatives of some key stakeholder institutions in Ghana’s local governance system, CR as well as from a community media expert. The study found that CR in Ghana can serve as effective tools for mobilising people to participate in policy-making in local governance through creative programming. Another finding is that the ability of villagers to contribute to radio content, and to participate in policy-related debates via phone-ins, could be limited by their inability to buy telephone credit due to their poverty status. The study unearthed weak linguistic proficiency on the part of the CR workers, which thwarts their ability to handle local government policies, which are technical in nature. The study concludes that the little evidence on innovative use of CR to promote citizens’ involvement in local governance policy-making processes is an issue, which needs to be addressed to unleash the potentials of CR in local governance. The study recommends that a potential instrument for easing the financial sustainability challenges of CR in Ghana is to ensure that the up-coming broadcasting law provides public funding for community media as pertains in Denmark, France and South Africa. The Ghana Community Radio Broadcast Network (GCRN) needs to institute indigenous languages training sessions in collaboration with local language experts to equip CR workers with language proficiency.
Editorial
Authors: Njunwa Kato J
Published: May 2022

None
‘I want to live for them’; Determinants of Uptake of Clinical Breast Examination: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Camillus Buunaaisie , Nyinaku Philip , Mingle Daniel , Adiasani Cynthia
Published: May 2022

BackgroundClinical breast examination is still relevant in resource-constrained countries for the early detection of breast cancer. Uptake of breast cancer screening programmes in developing countries remains low. It is imperative to explore the factors that influence women’s decision to participate in screening services.ObjectiveTo examine the perceptions, motivations, and barriers to uptake of clinical breast examination.MethodsThis was a descriptive qualitative inquiry. Twelve women who participated in clinical breast examinations were purposively sampled for semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed.ResultsFear of death, personal interest, excellent customer service, and public education motivated participation in the clinical breast examination. Perceived benefits included psychological relief, early detection, inspiring other women, and the acquisition of skills and knowledge. Anxiety about being diagnosed with breast cancer, financial constraints, poor service delivery, and peer pressure were the perceived barriers. Participants who felt anxious about breast cancer performed self-breast examinations more often than the standard practice. The knowledge of participants about breast cancer and breast cancer screening techniques was generally poor.ConclusionHealth interventions designed to promote health seeking behaviors need to be realigned to reflect the evidence on the factors influencing the uptake of these interventions.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):85-98
Prevalence of Surgical site Infection among Adult Patients at a Rural District Hospital in Southern Province, Rwanda
Authors: Mukamuhirwa Deborah , Lilian Omondi , Baziga Vedaste , Ingabire Cecile , Ntakirutimana Christian , Mukantwari Joselyne , Nyirasafari Emerthe , Bagweneza Vedaste , Ngerageze Innocent , Umutesi Marie Christine
Published: May 2022

BackgroundGlobally, postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) is among the top causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of SSI among adult patients that underwent surgery at a hospital in the Southern Province, Rwanda. MethodThe study design was cross-sectional and used structured questionnaires, interviews and reviewed patients’ file records. Data were collected on 122 participants selected using the convenient sampling strategy. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 2020 was used to analyze the data. ResultsMost (86.1%) of the participants were females, the majority (48.4%) were aged 28-37 years. The prevalence of SSI was 8.2%, and most (90%) of the infected patients had undergone Caesarean section. Being HIV positive increased the risk for developing SSI. (X2: 9.604, df:1, CI: 1.7053; 19.8652; p value=0.014).ConclusionThe prevalence of SSI was 8.2%. Therefore, there is a need for enhancing preventive measures, early detection and treatment that will reduce the comorbidities of infected patients. HIV patients would need further attention.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):34-45
Incidence of Spinal Anesthesia Induced Severe Hypotension among the Pregnant Women Undergoing Cesarean Section at Muhima Hospital
Authors: Munyanziza Thomas
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe spinal induced severe hypotension is frequently reported during cesarean section; the literature counts 70% of severe hypotension following spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. This complication is thought to be serious and even fatal, when not well managed; however, in Rwanda, we have a limited data about that spinal induced life-threatening complication. ObjectivesTo determine the incidence and factors associated with spinal anesthesia induced severe hypotension during caesarian section at Muhima hospital.MethodologyThe study was cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical in design. The study population was the pregnant women scheduled for cesarean section, and a sample size of 108 was used. A self-developed questionnaire was used as data collection tool. ResultsForty percent of participants’ experienced spinal anesthesia induced severe hypotension; while preloading, left tilt position and infusion of ephedrine, were associated with lower incidence of severe hypotension.ConclusionThe incidence of spinal induced severe hypotension is high, however, preloading; left lateral position and co-infusion of ephedrine were found to protect the participants from spinal induced severe hypotension. Therefore, these techniques should be promoted.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):62-70
Modelling dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand using data-driven techniques
Authors: Sahu Pali , Londhe Shreenivas N , Kulkarni Preeti S
Published: May 2022

Precise quantification of Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Dissolved oxygen (DO) are critically important for water quality assessment as well as for development of various management policies. To calculate BOD and DO for any water sample, standard technique Winkler-Azide method is used which is cumbersome and prone to measurement error. Therefore, there is a need to device alternate Data Driven Technique (DDT). In the present study, three different DDT: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Multi Gene Genetic Programming (MG-GP) and M5 Model Tree (M5T) have been used for DO as well as BOD prediction for 3 separate stretches of Mula-Mutha River situated in Pune, India. Additionally, attempt has been made to predict BOD using modelled DO; which shows possibility of using modelled parameter in development of another model. Performance of the models was assessed through, root mean square error (RMSE); mean absolute relative error (MARE) and coefficient of correlation (R). Results based on 3 stations indicate that ANN and MGGP both outperformed with R above 0.85 and RMSE below 1 mg/L for 2 stations out of 3. MGGP and M5T can grasp the influence parameter which can be seen from the input frequency distribution in MGGP and coefficient of input parameters in M5T.
Pola Bagihasil (Teseng) pada Usaha Penggemukan Sapi di Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Sirajuddin Sitti Nurani , Aminawar Aminawar , Saleh Ikrar M. , Agustina Agustina
Published: May 2022

Abstract 
This study aimed to determine the pattern of profit sharing (Teseng) in cattle fattening business in Bone Regency. The study was conducted from December to January 2020. Data collection took place in Masago Village, Patimpeng District, Bone Regency. The selection of this location as the research location was because at that location the beef cattle breeder community applies a traditional pattern commonly called Teseng. The type of research used was descriptive quantitative research. The types of data are qualitative data and quantitative data. Sources of research data are primary data and secondary data. The population in the study were all 25 farmers who carried out the Teseng profit-sharing system in Masago Village, Patimpeng District, Bone Regency. The sampling technique in this study was purposive with the number of cattle ownership as many as 10 and 15 farmers. The data collection methods are field observation and literature study. The data analysis was quantitative descriptive using income analysis. The results show a pattern of profit sharing system in beef cattle fattening business in Masago Village, Patimpeng District, Bone Regency, namely 60% for livestock owners and: 40% for farmers.
Key words: Cattle; Farmers; Sharing profit; System
 
Abstrak 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran/persentase bagihasil (Teseng) pada usaha penggemukan sapi di Kabupaten Bone. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember sampai Januari 2020. Pengambilan data bertempat di Desa Masago, Kecamatan Patimpeng, Kabupaten Bone. Adapun pemilihan lokasi ini sebagai lokasi penelitian yaitu karena di lokasi tersebut masyarakat peternak sapi potong menerapkan pola tradisional yang biasa disebut Teseng. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yaitu penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Jenis data adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Populasi pada penelitian adalah seluruh peternak yang berjumlah 25 orang yang melakukan sistem bagi hasil Teseng di Desa Masago, Kecamatan Patimpeng, Kabupaten Bone. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive yaitu dengan jumlah kepemilikan sapi sebanyak 10 ekor dan 15 ekor. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu observasi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Analisis data yaitu kuantitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola sistem bagi hasil pada usaha penggemukan sapi potong di Desa Masago, Kecamatan Patimpeng Kabupaten Bone yaitu 60% untuk pemilik ternak dan 40% untuk peternak. 
Kata kunci: Bagihasil; Peternak; Sapi; Sistem
Dampak Penambahan Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) pada Pakan Terhadap Status Fisiologis Ternak Kambing Kacang (Capra aegragus hircus)
Authors: Palulungan John Arnold , Saragih Evi Warintan , Purwaningsih  , Noviyanti Noviyanti
Published: May 2022

Abstrak

This study aims to determine the impact of the physiological status of goats with a higher proportion of lamtoro leaves. Forage feed given to goats consisted of a combination of raja grass, Gamal and lamtoro leaves with the following composition: P1= Raja grass 50% + Gamal 50%; P2= Raja grass 40% + Gamal leaf 40% + Lamtoro leaf 20%; P3 = Raja grass 30% + Gamal leaf 30% + Lamtoro leaf 40%. In general, the provision of lamtoro leaves up to 40% of the total ratio did not have a negative impact on the kambing kacang growth and health. The rectal temperature and pulse count in goats were in the normal range for goats, but the respiration rate was twice the normal range. The high frequency of respiration is thought to be due to the high proportion of legumes in the ratio which can increase the amount of feed consumption due to the high palatability of the legumes. This will have an impact on the body's metabolism which is indicated by an increase in respiration. However, the high frequency of respiration in this study can also be caused by environmental factors (temperature and humidty) which were quite high during the study.

Keywords: Capra aegragus hircus; Goat; Leucaena leucocephala; Physiologis status.

 

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) pada status fisiologi ternak kambing kacang. Proporsi daun lamtoro pada pakan ternak kambing diberikan berkisar antara 20-40%. Pemberian lamtoro dikombinasikan dengan pakan hijauan lain dengan komposisi sebagai berikut:  P1= Rumput raja 50 % + gamal 50% + lamtor (0%); P2= Rumput raja 40% +daun gamal 40% + daun lamtoro 20%; P3= Rumput raja 30% + daun gamal 30% + daun lamtoro 40%.  Secara umum pemberian daun lamtoro hingga 40% dari total ransum tidak memberikan dampak negatif terhadap status fisiologi ternak kambing kacang. Suhu rektal dan jumlah pulsus pada ternak kambing berada pada kisaran normal untuk ternak kambing, namun jumlah respirasi dua kali lipat dari kisaran normal. Tingginya frekwensi respirasi diuga disebagakan tingginya proporsi legum pada ransum yang dapat meningkatkan jumlah konsumsi pakan karena tingginya palatabilitas legum. Hal ini akan berdampak pada metabolisme tubuh yang diindikasikan dengan peningkatan respirasi. Namun demikian tingginya frekwensi respirasi pada penelitian ini dapat juga disebabkan faktor lingkungan (temperature dan kelembaban) yang cukup tinggi semasa penelitian.

Kata kunci: Capra aegragus hircus; Kambing kacang; Leucaena leucocephala; Status fisiologis
Diversitätsorientierte Deutschdidaktik: Theoretisch-konzeptionelle Fundierung und Perspektiven für empirisches Arbeiten
Authors: Leiß Judith , Kißling Magdalena , Bieker Nadine , Becker Karina , Kofer Martina , Frickel Daniela A. , Bock Bettina M.
Published: May 2022

Der vorliegende Band versteht Diversität als Querschnittsthema der Deutschdidaktik und adressiert aktuelle Forschungsfragen aus Perspektive der Literatur-, Medien- und Sprachdidaktik. Dabei werden sowohl theoretisch-konzeptionelle als auch empirische Forschungszugriffe diskutiert und reflektiert. Am Band beteiligt haben sich (in der Reihenfolge der Bandstruktur) Judith Leiß, Magdalena Kißling, Nadine Bieker, Kirsten Schindler, Karina Becker, Martina Kofer, Daniela A. Frickel, Bettina M. Bock, Wiebke Dannecker, Pirkko Friederike Dresing, Anna Kochanova, Pia Sabrina Maria Königs, Laura M. Lewald-Romahn, Julia Podelo, Kristina Schmitt.
AN ALTERNATIVE SPELLING FOR ENGLISH: CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES AND SIMPLIFICATION CRITERIA
Authors: Russo Daniel
Published: May 2022

The history of English spelling is characterised by periods of discontinuity and a slow and relentless shift from a phonemic orthography to a morphophonemic system. There have been two periods when spelling reform of the English language has attracted particular interest: the first was from the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 17th century, when a number of publications and dictionaries outlining proposals for reform were published; the second was between the 18th and early 20th centuries and linked to the development of phonetics as a science. For example, Noah Webster’s dictionary included an essay on the oddities of modern orthography and his proposals for reform (some of which would become hallmarks of American English spelling). The purpose of this study is to review proposals for English-language spelling reform since the 1950s – New Spelling, Regularised English, Spelling Reform 1, Cut Spelling, Shavian, Interspel, and the Petersonian English Alphabet – to identify their main common traits by highlighting the underlying ideas of simplification. All the models under consideration show a preference for a phonemic spelling system as an ideal in the direction of linguistic simplicity.
ПОСТИГНУЋЕ У УЧЕЊУ ЕНГЛЕСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА И ЊЕГОВИ АЛТЕРНАТИВНИ ИНДИКАТОРИ КОД СТУДЕНАТА НЕФИЛОЛОШКИХ СТУДИЈА У СРБИЈИ
Authors: Радосављевић Крсмановић Аница
Published: May 2022

The objective of the paper is to assess English language proficiency of non-English major university students in Serbia, measured by English proficiency test score, as well as to examine whether there are differences in English language proficiency among subgroups of the participants. The third aim of the study is to consider the possibility of the existence of alternative indicators of English language proficiency: the students’ grades in English language, their self-evaluation of English language proficiency and their self-evaluation of success in English language learning. For this purpose, we conducted a survey with non-English major university students. The methods of data collection involved a questionnaire survey and English language proficiency testing. The obtained data were processed by means of descriptive statistics, tests for differences in variance and correlation analysis as recommended statistical methods. The results of the study demonstrated that the participants’ English proficiency test results were above average. Regarding the differences across the subgroups of the participants, the results indicated the differences in English language proficiency among the students of the faculties of different scientific fields. Finally, the results showed that the participants’ self-evaluation of English language proficiency, their grades in English language and their self-evaluation of success in English language learning, could be used as alternative indicators of their English language proficiency.
COLLOSTRUCTIONAL INSIGHTS INTO ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN TEFL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Pavlović Vladan
Published: May 2022

The paper addresses three pairs of common near-synonymous syntactic constructions in English: the get vs have something done, the will V-inf vs be going to V-inf, and the ditransitive vs the prepositional dative constructions. It does so with the following aims: a) to present an overview of the results of the distinctive collexeme analysis (as a type of collostructional analysis suited to investigating alternative constructions) applied to the given pairs of constructions in the literature, and b) to check those results against their view in various TEFL-oriented reference books and establish how much the views presented there and the results of the given type of (statistical) analysis tie in with one another. It concludes that TEFL-oriented reference books, albeit quite valuable, tend to overlook at least a part of semantic and / or pragmatic differences between the given periphrastic constructions. The paper thus argues for a tighter integration of the results of theoretical linguistics based on state-ofthe- art statistical methods applied to (massive representative) corpus data, on the one hand, and TEFL-related literature, on the other hand, as such an integration can prove useful in increasing the descriptive adequacy of the latter and can help improve EFL learners’ language competence.
АЛТЕРНАТИВЕ СУФИКСУ -ШТИНА У ТВОРБИ ИМЕНИЦА У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ
Authors: Шуњеварић Ђорђе
Published: May 2022

All nouns with the suffix -ština in the Serbian language were taken as the subject of analysis. The corpus was excerpted from the Obratni rečnik srpskoga jezika by M. Nikolić and it consists of 95 lexemes. Given the low productivity of the suffix -ština in Serbian, it is expected that nouns from the corpus can be used with an alternative suffix. The aim of this research is to see which suffixes can be an alternative to the suffix -ština, as well as to examine the semantic similarity of lexemes with alternative suffixes. The meanings of the examples from the corpus were determined based on the dictionaries of Matica Srpska, and nouns with different suffixes added to the same bases were also found among them. The analysis of the examples shows that the abstract lexicon is dominant, where -stvo and -ost most often appear as alternatives to the suffix -ština. Nouns with an augmentative and pejorative meaning can, in addition to -ština, be built with the suffix -(č)ina, -etina, etc. (rakiština: rakijčina, rakijetina). Research has confirmed that almost every noun ending in -ština can achieve an identical meaning with an alternative suffix. A total of 16 suffixes are added to bases from the corpus as an alternative. However, the suffix -ština often affects the pejorative nuance of the meaning of the example from the corpus.
External fixation in proximal Humerus Fracture in elderly and co- morbid patients
Authors: Zarekar Dr. Ganesh G. , Daule Dr. P. M. , Naikwade Dr. Deepak B.
Published: May 2022

Fractures around proximal humerus are common injuries occurring in predominantly elderly female population associated with osteoporosis. Elderly age group associated with comorbidity gives good outcome with minimal intervention with external stabilization of the fracture avoiding major surgical procedure on proximal humerus. Objective: to study the outcomes of fixation of proximal humerus fracture by external stabilizing system in elderly, osteoporotic and comorbid patients. Methodology: we did study of 30 Neers type 3 and type 4 fracture patients in span of 12 months from fracture in which 17 were female and 13 were male patients. The age group was 50 to 75. The results external fixation of fracture was evaluated as per Neers criteria. Results: all 30 patients were followed till fracture got union. in Neers type 3 fracture 70% patients got good results while in type 4 fractures 55% patients got good results. Conclusion: external stabilization of Neers type 3 and 4 proximal humerus fracture patients who are elderly, osteoporotic and comorbid shows excellent outcome with this minimally invasive stabilizing system.