bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the importance of ethos in composing the “everyday” new literacies classroom
Authors: Nahachewsky James
Published: April 2016

This article examines the impact of a senior English teacher’s ethos in composing, with her students, a new literacies classroom.  This is a paradigm case where ever-changing technical stuff and a new ethos are encouraged in the literacy events of the classroom context.  Utilizing a metaphor of ‘classroom as text’, we better understand the importance of the teacher’s own literacies, and her role as co-author of new, situated classroom literacies.  In this case, language and literacy teaching becomes tangential through multi-textual readings and compositions that enact an ellipsis where certain previously privileged texts and approaches are omitted.  In this way, through a reciprocal relationship, the teacher fosters rather than defines her students’ emergent literacies and critical thinking development.  In turn, the students influence their teacher’s conceptions of what it means to be literate; what textual readings and compositions are meaningful to their situated language learning in digital times.
Poetic Inquiry: A Fierce, Tender, and Mischievous Relationship with Lived Experience
Authors: Wiebe Sean
Published: April 2016

Common to poetic inquirers is a sensitivity to the ways traditional qualitative analysis can systematize and simplify, oftentimes generating theories and practices that are out of kilter with our intuitive experience of being in the world. In this paper I look at how the richness of lived experience can be sustained in poetic inquiry,  and in so doing, offer the terms fierce, tender, and mischievous as qualities of engagement that are often exemplified in the ways poetic inquirers live and work.
A second grade teacher's innovations toward multimodal literacies in an urban primary school
Authors: Hill K. Dara
Published: April 2016

This study is an examination of a second grade teacher’s negotiation of multimodal literacies in a high performing urban primary school in Detroit. In spite of the school’s high performing record, teachers were required to adhere closely to paced curriculum and exclusive use of curriculum materials. A teacher and researcher collaboration implemented supplemental texts and negotiated innovations toward multimodal literacies with a theme entitled Fossils. An examination of peer-led discussion groups, peer-led reading logs and the focal teacher’s Interactive Whiteboard innovations demonstrates  deeper comprehension and enhanced participation due to linkages across texts and with students’ social worlds.
Reproductive Rights of a Woman – Myth or Reality?
Authors: Khanna Monica
Published: April 2016

Feminist studies accord great importance to the issue of reproductive rights, because the control over her body is the first step that a woman takes towards liberation and freedom from the oppression by patriarchy. Adele Clarke in her essay ‘Subtle Forms of Sterilization Abuse’ comments: Reproduction is a fundamental human right: neither the state nor the actions of others should deny any person autonomy over their reproductive processes […] Reproductive freedom is the prerequisite for any kind of liberation for women. The right to decide whether and when to bear children is fundamental to a woman’s control of her own body, her sexuality, her life choices. (Clarke 1984: 189-190) This paper examines two stories which deal with the right of a woman to birth control and family planning, ‘Daktaramma’s Room’ (2004) by R. Chudamani and ‘Giribala’ (2004) by Mahashwta Devi.
Emotional intelligence, individual and contextual correlates of team leaders attitudes toward depressed employees in Chennai IT industries
Authors: Subhashini P. , Kumar N. Santhosh
Published: April 2016

The aims of the present research are twofold. The first aim is to explore the psychometric properties of a developed measure of team leader’s attitudes toward depressed employees. This will address a major deficit in the literature. The main objective of this research is to determine the individual and contextual correlates of team leader’s attitudes toward depressed employees in Chennai IT industries. The nature of the research is Descriptive method, and the sample size is 300 respondents from various locations in India and data collection method used in the research is “Questionnaire Method”. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 16.0. Findings, suggestions and conclusions were made by keeping an eye on the objectives. A second aim of this study is to identify individual and contextual correlates of these attitudes. This knowledge can inform design interventions that may help promote a positive climate for mental health in organizations and facilitate supportive managerial behaviour toward employees with symptoms or diagnoses of depressive disorders. A number of hypotheses are advanced in relation to these potential correlates of team leader’s attitudes toward depressed employees.
Livestock Production in Industrialized and Less Industrialized Countries
Authors: Orskov E. R.
Published: April 2016

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Genotype and Environmental Factors Affecting Birth and Postnatal Weights of Prolific Javanese Sheep
Authors: (Subandriyo) Subandriyo , Inounu I.
Published: April 2016

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Effect of Feeding Leaf Protein Concentrate of Water Hyacinth on Growth and Nutrients Utilization in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Suthama N.
Published: April 2016

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Effect of NaCl on Li Kinetics and Estimation of Pellet Intake Using LI
Authors: (Suharyono) Suharyono
Published: April 2016

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Feeding Strategy For Fattening Sheep from a Prolific Line
Authors: Sudaryanto B. , Setiyanto H. , Inounu I. , Haryanto B.
Published: April 2016

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Mixed Grazing Between Bali Cattle and Kacang Goats on Native Pastures
Authors: Prabowo A. , Pongsapan P. , Sudaryanto B.
Published: April 2016

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The Partial Efficiency of Acetate Utilization in Sheep
Authors: Rustamadji B.
Published: April 2016

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The Effect of Bali Cattle Grazed Under Coconuts on Introduced Pasture to The Weight Gain of Cattle and Botanical Composition
Authors: Rika I. K.
Published: April 2016

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Effects of Breed of Sire and Double Insemination on Performance of Reproduction of Local Sheep
Authors: (Ismaya) Ismaya , Soetimboel M.
Published: April 2016

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Biological Value of Papain Synthetic in Layer Ration at Various Protein Contents
Authors: Sasongko H. , (Nasroedin) Nasroedin , Harimurti S. , Astuti J. M.
Published: April 2016

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Effect of different Amount of Comminuted Goat Meat Added on The Quality of Crackers
Authors: Purnomo H. , (Purwadi) Purwadi , Ujiarti L.
Published: April 2016

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Breast Meat as a Standard of Meat Quality in Broiler Chicken
Authors: (Soeparno) Soeparno
Published: April 2016

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A Study on The Effect of Protein Levels and Balance Lysine / Methioned in Layer Diets With and Without Fish Meal
Authors: Satata Budya , (Nasroedin) Nasroedin , Prawirokusumo Soeharto
Published: April 2016

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Performance of Sahiwal - Friesian Cows Under Grazing and Stallfeeding Management
Authors: Soetrisno Djoko
Published: April 2016

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Effects of Different Blood Flow Meters and Diets on Volatile Fatty Acids and Other Metabolites into Portal Blood of Sheep
Authors: Rustamadji Bugi
Published: April 2016

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Effect of Post-Partum on The Oestrus Synchronisation with Progesterone and Oestradiol of Bali Cattle
Authors: Dradjat Adji Santoso
Published: April 2016

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Effect of Rumen Undegraded Protein Level on Nutrient Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Dairy Cow
Authors: P. Widyobroto B. , Budhi S. P. S. , Agus A. , Santosa B.
Published: April 2016

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Adoption of Innovative Technology of Tofu Industry and Livestock Waste Products in Rural Area
Authors: Kusumastuti Tri Anggraeni , Guntoro Budi
Published: April 2016

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Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Rumput Laut Gracilaria Edulis dalam Pakan terhadap Kinerja Ayam Fase Pullet (The Influence of Seaweed Gracilaria Edulis in the Diets on the Performance of Pullet)
Authors: Horhoruw Wiesje Martha , (Wihandoyo) Wihandoyo , Yuwanta Tri
Published: April 2016

The research was conducted to analyze the effect of seaweed Gracilaria edulis in the diets on the performance of pullet. One hundred and twenty six Lohmann Brown Strain pullets of 14 weeks old were divided into seven seaweed diet treatments. The treatment diets were R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 contentaining 0.00; 2.50; 5.00; 7.50; 10.00; 12.50 and 15.00 of seaweed, there was three replications, six pullets of each. The collected data were feed consumption, weights and ages of sexual maturity, feed conversion ratio, weight of egg and Iodine content in the egg. The collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance of one way classification, followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the treatments had not significant differences on feed consumption, body weight at sexual matuarity, feed conversion ratio, but significans (P<0.05) on ages at sexual matuarity and egg yolk color (P<0.01). Feed consumption were 80.94 g/chicken/day; 81.02 g/chicken/day; 80.95 g/chicken/day; 81.43 g/chicken/day; 81.69 g/chicken/day; 82.25 g/chicken/day and 82.72 g/chicken/day, body weight at sexual matuarity
1898.56 g; 1977.78 g; 1947.78 g; 1947.78 g; 1949.78 g; 1981.67 g; 1949.44 g, FCR 5.78; 5.35; 5.45; 5.08; 5.57; 5.86 and 6.25, egg yolk color 10.23; 11.27; 11. 83; 12.11; 12.44; 12.44 and 12.83 for R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6
respectively. Egg weights were 51.25 g; 54.50 g; 50.89 g; 51.66 g; 51.36 g; 51.36 g and 50.83 g, for R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 repectively. There had not significant differences on content of egg yolk iodine were 0.47 ppm; 0.48
ppm; 0.50 ppm; 0.52 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.56 ppm and 0.60 ppm. It was concluded that the use of seaweed Gracilaria edulis until 15.00% in the diet did not decrease the performance of pullet phase and increased egg yolk color, also did not increase iodine in the yolk.

(Key words: Seaweed Gracilaria edulis, Diets, Chicken’s work, Pullet phase)
Evaluasi Kelayakan Usaha Penggemukan Sapi Potong Gaduhan di Desa Grantung Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Purworejo (The Feasibility Evaluation of Beef Cattle Fattening by Sharing System in Grantung Vilage, Bayan Subdistrict of Purworejo Regency)
Authors: (Zulfanita) Zulfanita , Wiguna Made Arya , Nurtini Sudi
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study was to find out the feasibility of beef cattle fattening by sharing system in Grantung, Bayan, Purworejo. The location of the research was in the village of Grantung, the subdistrict of Bayan, Purworejo Regency. The study was conducted from June until December 2006. The resopondents were the receivers of sharing system beef cattle from Agricultural and Husbandary Agency of Purworejo as many as 30 people which were taken by purposive sampling. Measurement of Benefit Cost ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values were done to analyse the feasibility. The result showed that values being obtained for BCR was 1.05; NVP was Rp. 1,798,664.07; and IRR was 31%. Therefore, it could be concluded that the beef cattle fattening by sharing system carried out in Grantung, Bayan, Purworejo was feasible to be implemented.

(Key words: Beef cattle fattening, Sharing system, Project feasibility)
Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Kelapa, Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari, dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit terhadap Penurunan Produksi Metan di dalam Rumen secara in Vitro (The Effect of Addition Coconut Oil, Sunflower Seed Oil, and Palm Olein on Reducing Ruminal Methane Pro
Authors: Sitoresmi Puput Diah , Yusiati Lies Mira , Hartadi Hari
Published: April 2016

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of vegetable oil, such as coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, and palm olein on methane production, number of protozoa, microbial protein concentration, ammonia (NH3) concentration and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC-ase) activity in the vitro fermentation of king grass and rice bran by rumen microbial. The experiment consisted of two treatments (i.e.) the effect of coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, and palm olein and level of addition of vegetable oil i.e. 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%. The fermentation was done using Hohenheim gas test (HGT) metode and incubated at 39°C for 72 hours with three replicates. At the end of the fermentation, methane concentration, number of protozoa, microbial protein concentration, NH3 concentration, CMC-
ase activity, and pH were observed. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and the design using factorial (3x4). The deferences of mean values were analyzed by Duncan’s new multiple range test (DMRT). The result showed that the number of protozoa decreased (P<0.05) as much as 9.8%, 20.85%, and 23.95%, followed by methane supression (P<0.01) much as 11.11%, 15.79%, and 18.51% with oil addition at level 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% compared to control, but no effect on microbial protein concentration, ammonia (NH3) concentration and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC-ase) activity. It can be concluded that coconut oil had the highest affect on methane production by inhibition of
protozoa growth and addition oil up to 5.0% reduced methane production as much as 15.80%.

(Key words : Coconut oil, Sunflower seed oil, Palm olein, Methane production, Protozoa count, In vitro fermentation)
Pengaruh Level Formalin dan Frekuensi Penambahan Litter terhadap Karakteristik Litter Ayam Broiler (The Effect of Formalin Level and Litter Addition Frequency on the Characteristics Broiler Litter)
Authors: Widodo Nur , (Wihandoyo) Wihandoyo , (Supadmo) Supadmo
Published: April 2016

The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of formalin level and litter addition frequency on the broiler litter characteristics. One hundred and fifty broiler chickens were divided into 10 litter treatment with three replication
and five chickens each. The treatments were combination level of formalin sprayed (0, 4, 8, and 12%) and frequencies of spraying (every 1, 2, and 3 weeks) on to litter (D0F0, D4F1, D4F2, D4F3, D8F1, D8F2, D8F3, D12F1, D12F2 dan D12F3). The data collected were pH, temperature, total bacterial, and ammonia concentration in the litter of broiler chicken. The results showed that level of formalin sprayed (0, 4, 8 and 12%) and frequencies of sprayed (every 1, 2, and 3 weeks)on to litter had not significantly affected litter pH (8.3; 8.7; 8.8; 9.0; 9.0; 9.2; 9.0; 9.0; 9.8 and 9.0) litter ammonia contents (317.1; 475.2; 454.5; 425.3; 218.4; 300.1; 384.0; 375.3 and 417.2 ppm) for (D0F0, D4F1, D4F2, D4F3, D8F1, D8F2, D8F3, D12F1, D12F2 dan D12F3) respectively. Litter temperature had significant differences (33.89; 32.31; 32.83; 32.58; 32.81; 32.81; 32.42; 32.28; 33.28 and 32.72 0C) and total litter of bacteria (1.7X108;
1.1X108; 9.9X107; 1.2X108; 7.1X107; 8.5X107; 1.1X108; 4.8X107; 4.8X107; 4.9X107 and 8.2X107 CFU). It is concluded that the formalin sprayed as much as 12% to litter every 1 week (D12F1), produced the best result to reduced litter
total bacteria, but had not decreated the ammonia litter.

(Key words: Broiler chicken, Formalin, Litter, Total bacteria, Ammonia)
Karakteristik Kategori Adopter dalam Adopsi Inovasi Feed Additive Herbal untuk Ayam Pedaging (Adopter Category Characteristics on the Adoption of Herbal Feed Additive Inovation for Broiler)
Authors: Sari Ayu Intan , Syahlani Suci Paramitasari , Haryadi F. Trisakti
Published: April 2016

The aims of this research were to analyze the effect of characteristics of the farmer on the probability of adopter category difference, and to analyze the effect of farmer’s perception of innovation characteristics on the probability of
the difference of adopter innovation of herbal feed additive for broiler. This research was conducted from August to October 2008, in the broiler farm at Karanganyar, Sragen, and Boyolali by using research based method of descriptive
analysis. The respondents of the research were 34 farmers selected by using purposive convenience sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney analysis, and logistic binominal regression analysis. The
result of the research showed that there were differences in characteristics of the farmer between early and late adopter categories; they were age (p≤0.01), formal educational level (P≤0.01), cosmopolitness level (P≤0.01), and farming
experience (P≤0.05). The result of logistic binominal regression test showed that age and formal education level were characteristics factor influencing the difference of adopter category significantly (P≤0.05), while the innovation
characteristics consisted of relative advantage, complexity, and observability had significant effect (P≤0.05) on the adopter category difference. The conclusion of the research was that younger farmers, higher formal education level,
longer experience, and higher level of active searching information seemed to have higher probability to become the early adopter. The farmers having higher perception of innovation characteristics, relative advantage and observability, and lower perception of complexity innovation characteristic tended to be early adopter.

(Key words: Adopter category, Adoption, Herbal feed additive)
Sebaran Populasi Sapi Friesian Holstein di Beberapa Kabupaten Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Population Distribution of Friesian Holstein Cows in Several Regencies in Middle Java and Yogyakarta Special Province).
Authors: (Yudi) Yudi Adinata , (Sumadi) Sumadi , (Adiarto) Adiarto
Published: April 2016

The aim of this research was to study the tendency of population distribution of Friesian Holstein (FH) cows and to create a population distribution map of FH cattle in Banyumas, Semarang, Boyolali, and Sleman regencies. This
research was conducted from November 2007 to June 2008. Data collected were those of FH cows population from 2002 to 2006 in Banyumas, Semarang, Boyolali and Sleman Regencies and the production of crosscut grass, field grass
and straw from agriculture waste in 2006 in the respective regencies. The result was the model of map of population distribution FH cattle in Banyumas, Semarang, Boyolali and Sleman Regencies. Structure of population of FH cattle in
the year 2006 pursuant to percentage sum up the bull calf, heifer calf, young bull, heifer, bull, cow in Banyumas Regency were 8.25, 13.32, 0.00, 8.86, 0.00, and 69.57%, Semarang Regency were 8.99, 13.00, 7.01, 16.00, 11.00, and
44.00%, Boyolali was 9.00, 13.00, 7.00, 16.00, 11.00, and 44.00%, and Sleman Regency were 15.98, 1.58, 20.57, 0.72, and 47.39%. Population growth of FH cattle from 2002 to 2006 in Banyumas, Semarang, Boyolali and Sleman were –
4.76, 3.52, 0.93, and 8.99% respectively. The produce of crosscut grass, field grass and straw from agriculture waste pursuant to value of Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP) and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) to requirement of
pursuant to amount of herbivore livestock with Animal Unit (AU) base in 2006 only Banyumas Regency which was still over supply while Semarang, Boyolali, and Sleman Regencies were found insufficient. The dynamics of requirement
and availability of DM, CP and TDN from 2007 to 2011 in Banyumas Regency was over supply DM and TDN but insuffiency CP, Semarang Regency was insuffiency DM, CP and TDN, Boyolali Regency was over supply DM but insuffiency CP and TDN, Sleman was over supply DM but insuffiency CP and TDN from 2007 to 2008 and other years insuffiency DM, CP and TDN.
Penggunaan Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) sebagai Aditif Pakan terhadap Penampilan Produksi Ayam Pedaging, Profil Darah dan Kecernaan Protein (The Effect of Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) Meal as Feed Additive on Broiler Production Performance,
Authors: Julendra Hardi , (Zuprizal) Zuprizal , (Supadmo) Supadmo
Published: April 2016

The objective of this research was to study the use of earthworm meal (Lumbricus rubellus) (TCT) as feed additive on broiler performance, blood profile and protein digestibility. The experiment used 100 day old chicken of cobb strain (CP 707), for 35 days feeding trial. The birds were randomly divided into four dietary treatments (R0: without TCT addition, R1: 0.5% TCT addition, R2: 1% TCT addition, R3: 1.5% TCT addition) with five replications, wich consisted five chickens each. The experimental design used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of one way ANOVA then continued with Duncan test. Performance test was conducted by recording body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency. Blood profile test was obtained by counting the number of erythrocyte, leukocyte and lymphocytes, whereas protein digestibility test used the collection method of excreta and ileum content. The result showed that feed consumption of R1 (2,065 g), R2 (2,025.4 g), R3 (2,075.3 g) were significantly different (P<0.05) from
R0 (2,309.8 g), while the body weight gain were not different among treatments and FCR of R1 (1.78), R2 (1.78), R3 (1.78) were significantly different (P<0.05) from R0 (2.04). The result of blood profile test showed that the number of
erythrocyte among treatments were not significantly different, the number of leukocyte of R1 (18,575 μl), R2 (18,200 μl), R3 (20,175 μl) were found significantly higher (P<0.05) than R0 (16,675 μl) and lymphocytes of R1 (22.7%), R2 (21.8%), R3 (23.6%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than R0 (15.2%). Protein digestibility of R3 (91.69%) was significantly different (P<0.05) from R0 (81.75%), R1 (90.48%) and R2 (85.99%), while R1 (90.48%) was significantly different (P<0.05) from R0 (81.75%), but R2 (85.99%) was not significantly different from R0 (81.75%). It could be inferred that earthworm meal addition as feed additive could improved production performance of broiler, the poultry health through blood profile, and enhanced the protein digestibility.

(Key words: Feed additive, Earthworm meal, Broiler)
Efisiensi Produksi Usaha Sapi Perah Rakyat (Studi Kasus pada Peternak Anggota Koperasi Usaha Peternakan dan Pemerahan Sapi Perah Kaliurang, Sleman, Yogyakarta) (Production Efficiency of Smallholder Dairy Cattle Farming (Case Study on The Farmer Members of
Authors: Astuti Melani , Widiati Rini , Suranindyah Yustina Yuni
Published: April 2016

The objective of the study was to investigate rationality and allocative efficiency of the utilisation of production factors in smallholder dairy farmers. The study was conducted from June to August 2009 in the region of UPP Kaliurang cooperative, Sleman, Yogyakarta. There were forty respondents of smallholder dairy farmers taken by purposive sampling method. The primary data were taken from respondents and secondary data were from related institutions. Regression function of Cobb-Douglass model was used to determine the production factor which influenced milk production. Data were analysed based on unit/farmer. Coefficient of regression was estimated with Ordinary Least Square (OLS), further analysis was conducted by allocative efficiency. The result of this study showed that forage, concentrate, land owned/farmer, labor, number of livestock and percentage of lactating cows significantly affected the milk production (R2=0.78). Partially, percentage of lactating cows and total dairy cows had positive effect (P<0.01 and P<0.1) on the milk production of each farmer, however forage and concentrates did not affect the milk production. The result of allocative efficiency test showed that input consisted of forage and concentrates in this study have not achieved efficienly. Technically, the utilisation of production factors had not been rational, it was shown by the production elasticity (Ep) >1 (1.462).

(Key words: Production of efficiency, Smallholder dairy farming, Factors of production)
Pengaruh Pencucian Sperma dengan Lama Waktu Sentrifugasi yang Berbeda Terhadap Kualitas Sperma Kambing Bligon (Effect of Sperm Washing with Different Centrifugation Duration on Sperm Quality of Bligon Buck)
Authors: Bintara Sigit
Published: April 2016

The objective of the experiment was to examine the effect of sperm washing using SpermRinse with different centrifugation duration (15, 20, and 25 minutes) on the quality of Bligon spermatozoa. Sperm was collected using
artificial vagina from six bucks of 2 (two) year olds. Data were collected for motility, viability, and abnormality of the spermatozoa. Characteristics of the fresh sperm were analyzed based on mean and deviation standard, and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that washing Bligon buck sperm using SpermRinse with different centrifugation times had very significant effect (P≤0.01) on the motility, viability, and abnormality of
spermatozoa. It is concluded that washing Bligon buck sperm using SpermRinse with centrifugation at 1.500 rpm (r = 5.5 cm) could increased sperm quality, of which 20 minutes was the best centrifugation time.

(Key word: Bligon Buck, Sperm, SpermRinse, Sperm quality)
Produksi dan Komposisi Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa yang Diberi Suplemen Daun Katu (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) pada Awal Masa Laktasi (Milk Production and Milk Composition of Ettawa Crossbred Goat, Fed Katu Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) as
Authors: Marwah Marini Putri , Suranindyah Yustina Yuni , Murti Tridjoko Wisnu
Published: April 2016

This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of katu leaves as feed supplement on milk production and milk composition of Ettawa Crossbred goat during early lactation. The experiment was conducted in the village of Kemiri
kebo, Girikerto, Turi, Sleman started from June, 27 until August, 27 2009. The experiment used 8 pregnant goats weighing 36 to 55 kg. The goats were divided into 2 treatments, those were control and treatment groups. The goats in
control group received basal feed as much as 10% dry matter of body weight, consisted of calliandra and concentrates with a ratio of 9 to 1 respectively. The treated goats were fed with the same basal feed as those in the control group and
supplemented with katu leaves at 0,06% of bodyweight. The examination was conducted to collect data on feed intake, milk production, composition of colostrum and milk. Data were statistically analyzed with T-test. The result showed that katu leaves supplementation as much as 0,06% of body weight was able to increase protein level of colostrum significantly but had no significant effect on feed intake, milk production, and milk composition.

(Key words: Ettawa Crossbred goat, Katu leaves, Milk production and composition)
Optimalisasi Pengikatan Tanin Daun Nangka dengan Protein Bovine Serum Albumin (Optimalisation Binding of Jackfruit Leaves Tannin with Bovine Serum Albumin Protein)
Authors: Sasongko Wahidin Teguh , Yusiati Lies Mira , Bachruddin Zaenal , (Mugiono) Mugiono
Published: April 2016

Tannins are high molecular weight polyphenol compounds with ability to bind proteins. Based on the structure,
albumin are simple globular molecule protein. Optimalisation binding of jackfruit leave tannins to bovine serum (BSA)
albumin was done in two stages. The first stage was to determine levels of tannins and condensed tannins in jackfruit leaves grown in mediterranean soil types. Second research was optimalisation binding of jackfruit leaf tannins with
bovine serum albumin. In the second stage there was the determination of protein-percipitable phenolics compound and protein content using Lowry method. The data showed total phenol content was 10.63%, total tannin was 7.08%, and
condensed tannins 5.57%. The optimum capacity phenolic compound to bind protein of bovine serum albumin was 5.71+0.18 mg BSA/100 mg dry matter of jackfruit leaf, while 1 g tannin could bind 23.149 g BSA or 1 g condensed
tannin could bind 28.885 g BSA.

(Key words: Tannin, Total phenol, Total tannin, Condensed tannin, Bovine serum albumin)
Evaluasi Karakteristik Fisik, Komposisi Kimia dan Kualitas Mikrobia Karkas Broiler Beku yang Beredar di Pasar Tradisional Kabupaten Halmahera Utara, Maluku Utara (Evaluation of Physical Characteristics, Chemical Composition and Microbial Quality of Frozen
Authors: Matulessy Dellen Naomi , Suryanto Edi , (Rusman) Rusman
Published: April 2016

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the quality of frozen broiler carcass sold in traditional markets of North Halmahera. Samples were taken from three traditional markets that selling frozen broilers and five sellers for each market were chosen. Three carcasses were taken from each trader replications. Macroscopic observation was done by seven panelists to asses 14 carcasses from each seller. Parameters observed were macroscopic characteristis of carcasses i.e. conformation, fleshing, fat cover, wholeness, discoloration, defeathering, color, and aroma of carcass. Physical characteristis determined were pH, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and tenderness. Chemical composition included water, fat, and protein contents, and microbial quality consisted of total microbial, Coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria. Macroscopic characteristic data were assessed using descriptive analysis based on National Standard, whereas physical quality, chemical and microbial quality data were analyzed using analysis of variance
completely randomized design. The differences between means, were tested using Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the average macroscopic properties of conformation, fleshing, fat covering, wholeness,
discoloration, defeathering and the colour of frozen broiler carcasses with score I, were 40.41, 38.16, 50.41, 49.80, 49.59, and 50.82% respectively. Quality factor of the aroma/odor of a carcass with score II was 63.47%. The data of
physical quality of broiler meat were as follow: pH 6.16, cooking loss 21.72%, water-holding capacity 23.01%, and tenderness 2.81 kg/cm2. The chemical composition of broiler meat were moisture 71.93%, lipid 2.50% and protein
20.11%. Data of microbial quality of broiler carcass were total plate count 7.1x105 cfu/g, and E.coli 0.8x101 cfu/g, there was not any significant differences between the seller, however there was significant differences among the seller
on the number of coliform (P<0.05). The conclusions of the experiment were that broiler carcasses sold in the traditional market in North Halmahera in respect of their physical characteristics and their chemical composition have not altered, whereas the microbial quality such as total plate count and E.coli number was still below threshold. Furthermore, coliform population was also below the maximum number allowed.

(Key words: Traditional market, Broilers frozen, Physical characteristics, Chemical composition, Microbial quality)
PRODUKSI, KUALITAS, DAN KECERNAAN IN VITRO TANAMAN RUMPUT BENGGALA (Panicum maximum) PADA LAHAN SALIN
Authors: Purbajanti Endang Dwi , Sutrisno R. Djoko , Hanudin Eko , Sasmito Budhi Subur Priyono
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and in vitro digestibility of Guinea grass grown on saline soil. Yield, quality, and in vitro digestibility of Guinea grass cultivated on coastal area with crop populations of 10,000,
20,000, and 30,000 plants per hectare. Experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design (RCBD). Higher crop population increased fresh and DM biomass production, crude protein (CP) yield, dry matter
(DM) content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin, and hemicellulose content, but decreased CP content, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD). The increased population had no effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro
dry matter digestibility (DMD). It could be concluded that guinea grass was recommended to be planted in saline coastal area by addition of fertilizer 20 tons/ha manure, 3 tons/ha gypsum, and 50 kg N (239 kg ZA/ha) as source of
nitrogen.

(Keywords: Forage, Salinity, Saline soil, Manure, Gypsum, Nitrogen source)
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AYAM RAS PETELUR DI KOTA SAMARINDA KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Kurniawan Herdianto , Guntoro Budi , (Wihandoyo) Wihandoyo
Published: April 2016

The study was aimed to identify and to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that faced
the city of Samarinda in fulfilling the egg need and to formulate the best and suitable strategy for the region to face the
shortage of egg supply. The study was conducted in November 2009. The method used in the study was descriptive analysis method. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, interviews, observation and literature study. Methods
of data analysis using the SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) were used to identify the internal environmental factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external environmental factors (opportunities and threats) areas. The result was then drawn in the quadrant analysis of SWOT and interpreted in the SWOT matrix could be to show the position and direction of regional development as well as alternative strategies that can be run. The results showed that internal identified value was 0.3922 and the external identified value was 0.0308. Development strategy at Samarinda in the first quadrant with a strengths was greater than the opportunities, so the region must be able to use these strengths to take advantage of existing opportunities. The area should implement an aggressive growth strategy (growth oriented strategy) in order to meet the self need of eggs in the region Samarinda.

(Key word: Layer, Development strategy, SWOT analysis)
HUBUNGAN ETOS KERJA, MOTIVASI DAN SIKAP INOVATIF DENGAN PENDAPATAN PETERNAK KERBAU DI KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT
Authors: (Nasrudin) Nasrudin , Sulastri Endang , Budisatria I Gede Suparta
Published: April 2016

The purposes of study was aimed to investigate the work ethics, motivations and innovative attitudes and its correlation with income of buffalo farmers in West Manggarai Regency. The surveys was conducted in December 2009
until February 2010, involving 103 respondents chosen based on certain criteria. The relationships between work ethics, motivations and innovative attitude with the farmers income was analyzed using the chi-square, they are found
to have a significant correlation, and then continued by Phi test. The results showed that buffalo farmers in Lembor Subdistrict, West Manggarai regency, had a high working ethics, farming motivations and a positive innovative
attitude. The work ethics and innovative attitudes were not related to the income of buffalo farmers. The Breeding motivations had significantly correlated to income of buffalo breeder’s (X2count 14.934 > 3.84 X2table), meaning that the
higher breeding motivations, would bring effect to a higher income. The relationship between the variable of breeding motivations and the breeder’s income shows a medium (Phi coefficient = 0.381). The average income of respondents per livestock unit was Rp. 756,944 ± 221,542/year, while the average contribution from buffalo breeding activities for the household income, was 31.2%. This research implicated, that work ethics, and innovative attitudes, cannot be used to predict the farmers income, while breeding motivations, plays the role as a variable reliable to predict the farmers income.

(Key words: Work ethics, Motivations, Innovative attitudes, Farmers income, Buffalo)
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN DRIED DISTILLERS GRAIN WITH SOLUBLE (DDGS) PADA RANSUM BERENERGI RENDAH TERHADAP KARKAS, LEMAK ABDOMINAL, DAN HATI AYAM BROILER
Authors: Indarto Edwin , (Jamhari) Jamhari , Zahra Fatimah , (Zuprizal) Zuprizal , (Kustantinah) Kustantinah
Published: April 2016

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of Dried Distillers Grain with Soluble (DDGS) with low energy diet on carcass, abdomen fat and liver of broiler throughout 35 days growing period. This experiment was conducted using 125 had of day old chick. The birds were randomly devided into five dietary treatments. Each dietary treatment was assigned to five replicate pens containing five chicks. The diets contained 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% DDGS. At 35-days old, 25 birds were weighed and slaughtered, then the carcass, abdomen fat and liver were weighed. The data were analyzed by Oneway Anova. The Duncan`s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to analyze the differences between means. There were significant effects of DDGS level on carcass weight and percentage, abdomen fat and percentage, and liver weight. Carcass weight of broiler chicken of R 0, R 20, R 30, R 40 and R 50 were 625.40±55.38, 608.60±55.61, 568.20±123.87, 422.80±55.97, and 401.80±47.53 g, carcass percentage were 61.79±1.83, 61.70±2.78, 60.17±2.57, 57.19±2.22, and 56.68±3.61%, abdomen fat weight were 15.60±3.28, 15.00±4.00, 13.20±5.63, 5.60±3.28, and 4.20±2.86 g, abdomen fat percentage were 1.56±0.42, 1.53±0.46, 1.37±0.46, 0.77±0.47, and 0.61±0.42%, and liver weight were 22.20±2.94, 21.80±3.96, 20.80±0.89, 15.80±2.77, and 15.80±1.92 g, respectively. It is concluded that the use of DDGS up to 30% could maintain the carcass, but the use of 40% DDGS decreased carcass weight and percentage, as well as the abdomen fat and liver.

(Key words: Dried Distillers Grain with Soluble, Broiler chicken, Carcass, Abdomen fat, Liver)
KINERJA KAMBING BLIGON YANG DIPELIHARA PETERNAK DI DESA GIRI SEKAR, PANGGANG, GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Murdjito Gatot , Budisatria I Gede Suparta , (Panjono) Panjono , Ngadiyono Nono , Baliarti Endang
Published: April 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate performances of Bligon goats kept by farmers at Giri Sekar village, Panggang sub-district, Gunungkidul as basic information for establising the village breeding centre program. The research was conducted for three months, starting from October to December 2010, located at Purwo Manunggal farmers’ group, Jerukan, Giri Sekar village, Panggang, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Twenty farmers were involved during the study to be interviewed, while their goats were measured regularly. The parameter of goat meausred in this research were pre weaning, weaning, does and buck. Interviewing the farmers was done using questionnaire. Interview, direct measurement were applied to collect all required informations. The data consisted of farmer’s background, possesion of goats and land, goats’ daily management, service per conception, litter size, post partum estrus, post partum mating, kidding intervals, and average daily gain. Qualitative data were analysed descriptively and presented as percentage, while quantitative data were analysed using Independent Sample T-test, presented as mean and its standard error. The results showed that majority of the farmers (37.9%) kept goat as main sources of income, while others were to saving (34.5%) and produce manure (27.6%). On average, the numbers of goat owned by the farmers was four heads, ranging from 1 to 7 heads. The average of service per conception (S/C), gestation period, litter size, post partum estrus, post partum mating and kidding intervals of Bligon were 1.23; 5.5 months; 1.74 head; 63.2 days; 95 days and 8.53 months, respectively. The average daily gain of male kid, young and adult Bligon goats were 0.15; 0.29
and 0.27 kg/head/day, while for female Bligon gotas were 0.16; 0.26 and 0.15 kg/head/day, respectively. It is concluded that performances of Bligon goats was high in terms of litter size, post partum estrus, post partum mating, gestation
period, kidding intervals and average daily gain.

(Keywords: Performance, Bligon goats, Gunungkidul)
ANALISIS MOTIVASI BETERNAK SAPI POTONG BAGI PETERNAK LOKAL DAN TRANSMIGRAN SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DI KECAMATAN KAIRATU, KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT
Authors: Luanmase Christian Manase , Nurtini Sudi , Haryadi F. Trisakti
Published: April 2016

The study was conducted in Kairatu District, Seram Bagian Barat Regency district from July to September 2008. Materials used in this study were 96 respondents of local and transmigrant cattle beef farmers with questionnaires. The samples were drawn from 4 villages, consisting of 2 villages of local peoples and 2 villages of transmigrants using purposive sampling technique, while the 97 respondents consisted of 49 local and 47 transmigrant beef cattle farmers who were drawn using convenience sampling technique. The objectives of the study: 1) to find out the difference in the motivation and the characteristics of the local and the transmigrant farmers, 2) to investigate the impact of characteristics of the local and the transmigrant farmers on their motivation, 3) to investigate the impact of the characteristics of the local and the transmigrant farmers on their income, and 4) to investigate the correlation between breeding motivation and income. The variables measured in this study were breeding motivation, farmers
characteristics and income. The data were collected and analyzed using software SPSS 17 to measure the breeding motivation level, the farmers’ characteristics and income. The results showed that the significant differences of characteristics between the local and the transmigrant farmers were age (P<0.01), education level (P<0.01), the braveness in risk taking (P<0.10), and working hours (P<0.05). The characteristics that had significant impact on the motivation were farming experience (P<0.05), number of dependants (P<0.05), width of agricultural land (P<0.10), and farmers’ dummy (P<0.01). The characteristics that had significant impact on income were age (P<0.05), education
level (P<0.05), farming experience (P<0.10), cattle beef ownership (P<0.05), and farmers’s dummy (P<0.05). The motivation of transmigrant farmers have positive relations to the income (P<0.10).

(Key words: Breeding motivation, Farmers characteristics, Local farmers, Transmigrant farmers, Economic motif,
 Non-economic motif, Income)
EFEK HETEROSIS BERBAGAI PENAMPILAN TIKTOK JANTAN DAN BETINA
Authors: Sutiyono Barep , (Soedarsono) Soedarsono , Johari Seno , Ondho Yon Supri
Published: April 2016

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek heterosis dari tiktok jantan dan betina. Materi yang digunakan itik 24 jantan, 12 betina, entok 12 jantan, 23 betina dan tiktok 24 jantan, 24 betina. Variabel yang diukur adalah berat badan,
karkas, non karkas, jerohan, telur, panjang badan, leher, tulang dada dan lingkar dada. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji rata-rata menurut metode General Linier Model (GLM), dari program Stastitical Analysis Sistem (SAS) dan perhitungan efek heterosis secara statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek heterosis ukuran tubuh tiktok jantan lebih banyak positif, 0,69 - 8,81%, sebagian kecil negatif -2,23 sampai -2,74%. Pada tiktok betina semua efek heterosis negatif yaitu -0,03 sampai -45,36%. Disimpulkan bahwa efek heterosis tiktok jantan lebih banyak positif sedang pada betina semuanya negatif.

(Kata kunci: Persilangan, Spesies, Tiktok, Ukuran tubuh, Efek heterosis)
KONTRIBUSI EKSKRESI BASAL PURIN TERHADAP TOTAL EKSKRESI DERIVAT PURIN DALAM URIN KAMBING BLIGON DAN KEJOBONG
Authors: Purwati Catur Suci , Yusiati Lies Mira , Sasmito Budhi Subur Priyono
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kontribusi ekskresi basal terhadap total ekskresi derivat purin dalam urin kambing Kejobong dan Bligon. Percobaan ini didesain menggunakan Independent Student t-test untuk membandingkan ekskresi derivat purin keturunan kambing yang berbeda. Pakan yang diberikan adalah jerami kacang tanah (rendeng). Kambing jantan Bligon dan Kejobong masing-masing 6 ekor digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Percobaan ini dibagi menjadi 3 periode yaitu periode adaptasi selama 14 hari, periode koleksi pada saat ternak diberi pakan ad libitum selama 7 hari, dan periode koleksi pada saat ternak dipuasakan. Penentuan kandungan bahan kering (BK), bahan organik (BO), protein kasar (PK), serat kasar (SK), dan ekstrak eter (EE) dilakukan dengan metode analisis proksimat untuk pakan, sisa pakan, dan feses. Pada sampel urin yang diambil saat ternak diberi pakan ad libitum dan dipuasakan dilakukan pengukuran derivat purin yaitu alantoin, asam urat, xantin, dan hipoxantin. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan konsumsi BK, BO, PK, SK, dan EE menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata. Nutrien tercerna BK, BO, PK, SK, dan EE juga menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata. Volume urin kambing Kejobong dan Bligon pada pemberian pakan secara ad libitum menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05), dengan rerata kambing Kejobong 953,84 dan Bligon sebesar 762,69 ml/hari. Total ekskresi alantoin dan asam urat kambing Kejobong cenderung lebih tinggi daripada Bligon, sedangkan untuk total ekskresi xantin dan hipoxantin menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda tidak nyata. Total ekskresi derivat purin pada saat pakan ad libitum menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05), rerata kambing Kejobong 117,96±16,43 μmol/W0,75/hari dan Bligon 72,40±4,53 μmol/W0,75/hari. Volume urin pada saat dipuasakan menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata. Rerata volume urin kambing Kejobong 233,04 dan Bligon 201,75 ml/hari. Total ekskresi alantoin kambing Kejobong pada saat dipuasakan cenderung lebih rendah dibanding Bligon, namun untuk total ekskresi asam urat cenderung lebih tinggi kambing Kejobong dibanding Bligon. Total ekskresi xantin dan hipoxantin menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata. Total ekskresi derivat purin kambing Bligon pada saat dipuasakan lebih tinggi dari kambing Kejobong, dengan rerata kambing Kejobong 18,85±4,45 μmol/W0,75/hari, dan Bligon sebesar 19,33±2,28 μmol/W0,75/hari. Derivat purin endogen kambing Kejobong 0,018 μmol/W0,75 sedangkan Bligon 0,019 μmol/W0,75. Efisiensi sintesis protein mikrobia kambing Kejobong adalah 0,07 g N mikrobia/hari, sedangkan Bligon 0,04 g N mikrobia/hari dengan BK nutrien tercerna hampir sama. Kontribusi ekskresi basal derivat purin terhadap total ekskresi derivat purin kambing Kejobong 15,98%, sedangkan Bligon 26,70%.

 

(Kata kunci: Ekskresi, Derivat purin, Kambing Bligon, Kejobong)
KORELASI ANTARA HORMON TESTOSTERON, LIBIDO, DAN KUALITAS SPERMA PADA KAMBING BLIGON, KEJOBONG, DAN PERANAKAN ETAWAH
Authors: Rachmawati Laili , (Ismaya) Ismaya , Astuti Pudji
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar hormon testosteron, libido, dan kualitas sperma kambing Bligon, Kejobong, dan Peranakan Etawah (PE). Sampel terdiri dari 3 ekor kambing Bligon, 3 ekor kambing
Kejobong, dan 3 ekor kambing PE jantan. Kadar testosteron diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tingkat libido diketahui dengan pengamatan waktu pertama mencumbu betina, menaiki betina, sampai ejakulasi. Penampungan sperma menggunakan metode vagina buatan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian ditentukan nilai korelasi antara kadar testosteron dengan libido dan kualitas sperma. Hasil menunjukkan testosteron pagi kambing Bligon berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,79 dan Y= 20,91-6,52X), menaiki betina (R= -0,80 dan Y= 20,28-7,16X), ejakulasi (R= -0,81 dan Y= 14,03-7,56X), volume sperma (R= 0,65 dan Y= -0,78+0,03X), dan motilitas spermatozoa (R= 0,70 dan Y= -73,83+1,43X) (P<0,01). Testosteron pagi kambing Kejobong berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,75 dan Y= 14,96-0,68X), menaiki betina (R= -0,69 dan Y= 21,59-0,86X), ejakulasi (R= -0,66 dan Y= 28,51-0,83X), dan konsentrasi spermatozoa (R= 0,59 dan
Y= 430,73+12,75X) (P<0,01), sedangkan testosteron sore berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,90 dan Y= 21,50-1,06X), menaiki betina (R= -0,90 dan Y= 24,89-1,16X), dan ejakulasi (R= -0,84 dan Y= 34,27-1,14X)
(P<0,01). Testosteron sore kambing PE berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,72 dan Y= 12,83-7,31X), menaiki betina (R= -0,72 dan Y= 9,11-7,67X), ejakulasi (R= -0,69 dan Y= 2,02-8,25X), viabilitas spermatozoa
(R= 0,77 dan Y= -90,99+2,20X) dan konsentrasi spermatozoa (R= 0,72 dan Y= -452,10+9,56X) (P<0,01). Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara kadar hormon testosteron dengan tingkat libido dan kualitas sperma, serta terdapat
variasi korelasi diantara bangsa kambing.

(Kata kunci: Korelasi, Testosteron, Libido, Kualitas sperma, Kambing)