bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction of fertile estrus in Iraqi camel (camelus dromedarius) during seasonal anoestrus
Authors: Al-Fatlawi , A.K , Al- Hamedawi , T.M
Published: August 2023

This study was performed on 36 Iraqi she- camels aged between 5-8 years from Sept .2016 to Apr. 2017 in Al- Najaf province, these animals divided into three equal groups (12 for each one ) randomly according to the type of treatments , 1st group treated with CIDR (1.38gm progesterone ) intr-avaginaly for 10 days and 2000 I.U of PMSG /I.M injected withdrawal CIDR directly , 2nd group treated with CIDR for 14 days + 2000 I.U PMSG /I.M while 3rd group without treatment and represented the control group. The results in this study showed superior significantly (p<0.01) in 2nd group related with animals response compared with 1st and 3rd group as well as significantly between 1st and 3rd group, while the duration of response was recorded highly significantly (p<0.01)for the treated groups (1st&2nd) compared with control group( 3rd) . But the number of services per conception which recorded non significantly (p<0.01) between all groups, while the pregnancy rate was recorded 100%, 90% and 100% in 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups respectively with significantly (p<0.01) related with 1st and 3rd compared with 2nd group. Finally the days open recorded 94.13±7.01 , 97.24±6.78 and 153.57±12.64 in 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups respectively with highly significant for 1st and 2nd compared with 3rd group. In conclusion in this study that they used hormonal treatments (CIDR +PMSG ) for induction of fertile estrus was safe and effect for increasing pregnancy rate and reduction days open.
Comparative histological study of protective effect of oil and alcoholic extracts of dry palm dates and leaves ( Phoenix dactylifera L) against CCL4 induced oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Al-zeiny Saadia saleh mehdy , Abbas Duraid Abedulhadi
Published: August 2023

A study was performed to investigate the protective effect of different extracts of alcoholic and oil of leave and dry date of ( Phoenix dactylifera) against oxidative stress induced by CCL4 at a dose of 100 mg/kg given orally daily to five treated groups (CCl4 control (+ve) , alcoholic extract of leave (150 mg/kg) , alcoholic extract of dry date (100 mg/kg) , oil extract of leave and date (250 mg/kg), also two control dosed with vehicles (distal water and corn oil) were used . At the end of two months experiment the animal scarified and histopathological sections of selected organs were examined for all rat groups including ( liver, kidney and spleen). The result showed in CCL4 group (shrinkage of glomerular renal tubular , necrosis of epithelial cell lining renal tubule, congested blood vessel, interstitial fibrosis in kidney while liver cell showed necrosis of hepatocyte, vacuolar degeneration, sever central fatty change , congested of blood vessel and fibrosis. No lesion absorved in spleen of all groups while less kidney and liver cell lesion were observed in groups treated by by oil of dry date and leave extracts indicating partial protection by such extract against oxidative stress induce by CCL4. No histological lesion were observed in kidney and liver of groups treated with methanolic dry date and leave extract that indicate complete protection of these extract against oxidative stress induced by CCL4Aim of study: To study the histopathological effects and compare the antioxidant of different palm dry date and leave extracts against CCL4 induce oxidative stress in rats
Comparative microscopically study of the skin in local and wild rabbits
Authors: Ibrahim Raad Shaalan , Hussein Ahmed Abdulla , Jabbar Ammar Ismail
Published: August 2023

This study was prepared to compare between the skin of local and wild rabbits. The samples were taken from five body region (ear, abdomen, neck, thorax and back ).The present study revealed that the basic structure of the skin in local and wild rabbits formed of supperfacial layer is epidermis, which covered with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and arranged into four rows from cells, beside thickness of epidermis in local rabbit more than that thickness of epidermis in wild rabbits .The deep layer is dermis which dermis divided into two layers, the superficial papillary and deep reticular layers without a clear line demarcation between two layers. Local rabbit dermis was thicker than that wild rabbit dermis due to density of dense irregular connective tissue and fibers. There are two types of hair follicles in both animals was primary and secondary hair follicles. The follicles consists of one into three primary hair follicles and clusters of secondary hair follicles in local rabbit whereas in the wild rabbits, the follicles consists of central primary hair follicles and several of smaller secondary follicles surrounded the central primary hair follicles. The present study revealed that ratio of secondary to primary hair follicles was less in local rabbits than that wild rabbits.
Comparison the therapeutic effects of henna, procaine penicillin and povidone-iodine solutions as uterine flushings in Iraqi Arabian mares
Authors: Kadhim Masar S.
Published: August 2023

In the last decade, many researchers tried herbal medicine due to its beneficial therapeutic effects by less side effects, so our study is conducted on (12) Iraqi Arabian mares to compare the therapeutic effect of henna 20% with procaine penicillin and povidone-iodine 1% solutions. The results shows the superiority therapeutic effects of henna 20% than that of procaine penicillin and povidone-iodine therapies as uterine flushing .The comparison between the types of treatments and their effects on the different types of bacteria which are included in this study, shows the superior effect on E. coli is by Henna (54.25± 1.49), the procaine penicillin has moderate effect(177± 3.22), while Povidone- iodine has weak effect(278.8± 1.71). The superior effect on Staphylococcus aureus is by procaine penicillin(148±25.99), and Povidone- iodine ( 220±20.81), While Henna has weak effect (278.8± 1.71). While the moderate effect on Streptococcus zooepidemicus is by Henna(70± 7.93) and Povidone- iodine(240.33±32.64), while procaine penicillin has weak effect(180.66± 2.33). The fertility rates of the treatment groups are ( henna solution 20%, 91.66%, procaine penicillin solution, 66.66%, and Povidone- iodine solution, 58.33%) respectively. The pregnancy rates of the treatment groups are (henna solution 20%, 100%, procaine penicillin solution , 58.33%, and Povidone- iodine solution , 33.33%) respectively. The fertility rates of the treatment groups are ( G1, 91.66%, G2, 66.66%, and G3, 58.33%) respectively. The pregnancy rates of the treatment groups are (G1, 100%, G2, 58.33%, and G3, 33.33%) respectively All the results are significant statistically atP≤0.05.According to our results, we conclude that henna solution has beneficial therapeutic effect as uterine flushing for the most common causative bacteria in mares uterine. These results are very useful for veterinarians who are deal with horses health.
Clinical and hemato-biochemical studies in Awassi lambs infected with coccidiosis.
Authors: Al-dujaily Ali H. , Al-mialy Ahmed J. , Alatabi Asaad chasib
Published: August 2023

study was conducted on 95 lambs, divided into two groups depending on clinical signs, 55 lambs were clinically healthy and 40 lambs had bloody diarrhea and their feces had oocysts of Eimeria species. “Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein” into EDTA tubes for hematological value and plain tubes to separated sera were directly used for chemical investigation during January 2016 until April 2016 both groups aged 1 – 6 month in Najaf province.Results showed that the ranges and means ± SE of blood picture in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 33.5 ± 0.47 % and 23.9 ± 0.46 %, hemoglobin (Hb) 10.9 ± 0.17 g/dL and 6.8 ± 0.12 g/dL, red blood cell (RBC) 10.6 ± 0.15 ×10⁶ /μL and 8.8 ± 0.24 ×10⁶ /μL, mean cell volume (MCV) 31.6 ± 0.37 fL and 27.5 ± 0.59 fL, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 10.3 ± 0.14 pg and 7.9 ± 0.15 pg, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 32.7 ± 0.16 g/dL and 28.8 ± 0.34 g/dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) 9 ± 0.54 mm/24h and 19.1 ± 2.10 mm/24h, white blood cell count (WBC) 9231 ± 379.3 /μL and 13707 ± 562.8 /μL, lymphocytes (L) 55.8 ± 1.27 /μL and 43 ± 1.46 /μL, neutrophils (N) 30.6 ± 0.76 /μL and 40.6 ± 2.25 /μL, monocytes 0.9 ± 0.10 /μL and 2.2 ± 0.30 /μL, eosinophil’s 1.9 ± 0.27 /μL and5.2 ± 0.64 /μL, basophils 0.3 ± 0.05 /μL and 0.3 ± 0.07 /μL respectively. Serum analysis in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; iron 27.2 ± 0.75 μmol/L and 11.4 ± 0.59 μmol/L, copper 18.4 ± 0.74 μmol/L and 10.3 ± 0.50 μmol/L respectively.There were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in, RBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCV, MCHC and lymphocyte. Also, there were a significant increase (P<0.05) in WBC, ESR, neutrophils, eosinophil’s and monocyte count was observed in all lamb infected with coccidiosis. On the other hand, there were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in iron and copper in all lamb infected with coccidiosis.
Effect of Taraxacum officinale and Saccharomyces cerevisiae or their Mixture on some Productive Parameters of Turkey
Authors: Sahib Ali Mahdi
Published: August 2023

Reaching to the highest body weight in return for each unit of feed consumption is the aim of raising commercial poultries these days. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of incorporating Taraxacum officinale, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their combination powder as a growth promoter in turkey feed. A total of 40 turkey toms (black strain) at age 49 days old were randomly assigned to four equally treated groups (10 birds per treatment) with two replicates (5 birds per replicate),as following: The first group (T1) was fed on basal diet as a control group (without additive). While, second group (T2) and third group (T3) were daily fed on basal diet containing 0.25 % Taraxacum officinale and Saccharomyces cerevisiae respectively. On the other hands, four group (T4) was daily fed on basal diet containing 0.5 % mixture of Taraxacum officinale and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during period of experiment (28 days). Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were calculated on weekly basis. Generally, The results indicate that no significant improvement in measurements of productive performance. In conclusion, meat production in turkey had no effect by Taraxacum officinale (as prebiotic), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as probiotic) and their combination powder (as symbiotic).
Effect of fenugreek seeds supplementation on growth performance, digestion coefficient, rumen fermentation and some blood metabolites of Awassi lambs
Authors: Al-Wazeer Anmar A. Majeed
Published: August 2023

Twelve Awassi lambs with 5-6 month average 25.13±0.33 kg body weight (BW) were used to investigate the effect of adding graded levels of fenugreek seeds (FS) to the diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and some blood metabolites. The lambs were randomly assigned to four treatments (3 lambs per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Treatment diets were control diet without FS 0 g/head/day (FS0), control diet plus 2.5gFS/head/day (FS1), control diet plus 5gFS/head/day (FS2), and control diet plus 7.5gFS /head/day (FS3). Lambs were housed in individual pens and received 600g of concentrate diet once a day with ad libitum choice of rice straw as roughage. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. At the day 42, the digestibility trial was performed for all lambs with same diets. Rumen liquor and blood samples were withdrawn from all the lambs at the last day of digestibility trial. Results showed that increasing level of FS did not improve (P>0.05) feed intake, live weight gain (LWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Fenugreek seeds addition had no effect (P>0.05) on diet digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Results also showed that fenugreek seeds administration did not affect (P>0.05) ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA's) concentration. The NH3-N and TVFA’s concentrations were tended (P>0.05) to decrease as levels of FS increased in the diet. Serum glucose (SG), serum total protein (STP) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) were not affected also by increasing levels of FS.It can be concluded; supplementation of fenugreek seeds in the diets of fattening Awassi lambs did not improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation without adverse effects on blood metabolites.
Direct detection of "methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus" from buffalo raw milk in Al-Qadissiya province using Polymerase Chain Reaction assay
Authors: Ahmed Hiba Shihab
Published: August 2023

The shedding of "methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus" in raw buffalo milk causes a potential risk if consumed without maintaining sufficient hygienic criteria due to numerous clinical implications to human infection. The present study was used the Polymerase chain reaction technique as highly specific molecular procedures for direct detection of "methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus" (MRSA) of buffalo raw milk samples that compiled from animals owners of different areas in the province of Diwaniyah during the period from July 2016 to December 2016. PCR technique was dependent on used specific primers that amplification of mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus. This primer was designed in this study by using NCBI-Genk data base (KM505043.1) and primer 3 plus for primers design. The PCR results were shown that buffalo infected with (MRSA) at 8 positive samples at percent (16%) out of 50 milk samples.The purpose of this research was to establish a rapid and specific PCR Technique for the diagnosis of "methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus" in buffalo raw milk that will be used as alternative to the currently available convention detection methods and makes it possible to identify the foods at risk for MRSA contamination to public health.
Topical Application to Mixture of Honey with Cod Liver Oil as a Novel Therapy to Treat Contaminated Skin Wounds in Rabbits Model
Authors: Ahmed Jihad Abdulameer , Bannai Jinan A. , Abdulsamad Rana K.
Published: August 2023

Contaminated wounds are common in all animals and human being; their treatments may complicated and need for prolong duration, therefore the current study aimed to investigate an alternative way to treat the contaminated wounds by using natural compounds that accelerate wounds healing; these study achieved on 30 local rabbits that exposed to surgical excision and contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus then divided into 5 groups in which 6 animals of each and treated for 14 days as the following: the first group treated with honey, second group treated with cod liver oil, third group treated with mixture of honey and cod liver oil, fourth group treated with fucidin while the fifth group contaminated with bacteria only. The results showed moderate (1.55 ± 0.11) wound contraction and healing in first group, while the second group showed (1.77 ± 0.10) was delayed in wound contraction and healing, the third group showed (1.0±0.13) which regarded the excellent and optimal wound contraction and healing, the fourth group showed (1.77 ± 0.12) which delayed wound healing and contraction, finally the fifth group showed(3.07 ± 0.11) in which no signs of wound contraction and healing. In conclusion, the using of mixture of natural compounds like honey and cod liver oil may accelerate wound contraction and healing and keep the wounds sterile.
The Effect of Piracetam against Acetyl Choline (Ach) In Behavioral Changes with Some Biochemical Parameters in Adult Mice
Authors: Al-Shimmary Bassam , Naqi Mohammad , Al Bayati Hala B. Thanoon , Al-Hasan Baraa A. Hussien
Published: August 2023

The effects of Piracetam against Acetyl Choline (Ach) in adult mice. The Medium Lethal Dose LD50 of  Piracetam was 455.5mg/kg B.W. orally and Ach 7.25 mg/kg B.W i.p, then an animal’s are divided to 4 groups   First group serves as control group given normal saline, a second 400 mg /kg B.W. o.p. of Piracetam and third group 5 mg/kg B.W. i.p. Ach. Forth group 400 mg /kg B.W. o.p. of Piracetam and 5 mg/kg B.W. i.p. Ach. The behavioral changes, the Run time, swimming, Time on glass, and biochemical parameters in Ach and Piracetam pretreatment significantly (P<0.05) decreased of Run time and swimming, then increased Time on glass when compared with the control. The open field test was significantly (P<0.05) increased the termer, depression when compared with the control. The liver function tests was significantly (P<0.05) increased the in level of GPT and GOT enzymes in the plasma at forth group.
The antimicrobial activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of pomegranate fruit peel on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hair in Najaf
Authors: Abdulbary Meison
Published: August 2023

There has been considerable interest in the use of plant materials as an alternative method to control pathogenic microorganisms and many compounds of plant products have been shown to be specifically targeted against antibiotic resistant pathogens. The  present study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic and aqueous extract of pomegranate peel against Staphylococcus aureus  isolated from hair. The plant extracts prepared and The antimicrobial effects of the pomegranate extracts were evaluated using method disk inhibition zone , the results shows that the extracts of pomegranate have  a good  antibacterial growth activity  against Staphylococcus aureus  isolated from hair with significant differences (P<0.05) with concentrations of the type extract in which there are more susceptible to 100 mg/ ml( the highest concentration ) and the alcoholic extract.
PCR for direct detection food pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from milk and milk products in Al-Diwanyia city of Iraq
Authors: T.M Esraa
Published: August 2023

The current study was carried out to directly detect Listeria monocytogenes as well as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli bacterium from daily consumed milk and milk products (buffalo raw milk, local cheese, and local cream) which were collected randomly from different markets of Al-Qadissiya province. In this study the PCR techniques were employed on the basis of amplifying virulence factors (bfpA and hly genes) in L. monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli respectively. Analysis of the results showed the highest prevalence of L. monocytogenes (14.2%) in local cheese which was followed by 6.2% in buffalo raw milk and less prevalence (3.4%) were found in local cream. Analysis of the results of enteropathogenic E. coli revealed highest prevalence (37.5%) in buffalo raw milk while local cheese and local cream showed the same prevalence (20%). This study successfully developed and used PCR technique that was prompt and sensitive/specific in detecting food born pathogenic L. monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli. This technique could be used as an alternative to the other methods, making it possible to identify the risk for these pathogens on public health.
Evaluation of the effect of Local exogenous application of extracted Malva parviflora and Honey on Wound healing in Rats
Authors: Al-abedi Abdul-hadi Jaythomm
Published: August 2023

Wound healing is a complex dynamical interaction between various cell types, the extracellular matrix, cytokines, and growth factors. The present study was carried out for the purpose of verifying the speed of wound healing by herbs and honey, a surgical study for the rapid treatment of wounds in rats. Where he took 40 randomly and was divided into four groups of ten rats per group and as follows. The control group is composed of ten rats, a group of herb extract of the Malva parviflora consisting of ten rats, a group of honey consisting of ten rats and finally a group of herb Malva parviflora with honey consisting of ten rats. Where a wound was developed in the face of the rat and treated each according to his group for 5 days and 10 days to identify the changes that will occur in the wound area. The results of the present study showed that the best cure was in the fourth group, which is a mixture between the herb extract of the hibiscus and honey as explained in the results.
The clinical significance of acute phase proteins and biochemical changes in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis
Authors: Kamr Ahmed , Hassan Hany , Aly Mahmoud , Nayel Mohammed , Elsify Ahmed , Salama Akram
Published: August 2023

Acute ruminal acidosis is a common problem in ruminants that feed on high amount of concentrates and has been associated with inflammatory condition of the rumen and metabolic acidosis. The goals of this study were to measure the acute phase proteins (haptoglobin and C-reactive protein concentrations), and biochemical changes and to determine their association with the inflammatory condition and mortality in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis. A total of 25 sheep were included in this study and divided in to two groups [one group suffered from acute ruminal acidosis (n=15) and another control healthy group (n=10)]. Haptoglobin and C- reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured by turbidimetric immunoassays. While biochemical parameters were measured using spectrophotometric calorimetric methods. Haptoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis compared to control group (P < 0.05). However, CRP were not statistically different between both group of sheep (P > 0.05) Moreover, serum haptoglobin concentrations were higher in non-survivors sheep with acute ruminal acidosis compared to survivors (P < 0.05). The likelihood of mortality was associated with elevated serum haptoglobin, lactate and potassium but also associated with low calcium and chloride concentrations in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, haptoglobin concentrations were elevated in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis and could be considered more diagnostic and sensitive inflammatory biomarker than CRP in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis. Alterations of biochemical dynamics including lactate, electrolytes and minerals concentrations and energy metabolism could be involved in increased risk of non-survival in sheep with acute lactic acidosis.
Comparative Anatomical Study of thyroid gland in adult indigenous gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) and sheep
Authors: Khaleel Iman , Salih Ali
Published: August 2023

The present work was carried out on 12 adult healthy indigenous gazelle and sheep (6 gazelle and 6 sheep) to study the anatomical features of thyroid gland in these two animals and to compare between them. The present findings showed that the thyroid gland in both species was made up of two reddish- brown bi-lobed structure (right and left lobes) connected by a thin tissue ; an isthmus, they were asymmetrically located on the cranial portion on the lateral side of the trachea in gazelle, while in sheep they located ventrolaterally. The isthmus connect the right and left lobes from there caudal extremity in gazelle while in sheep from there caudal ends about 5 mm and it cross the ventral aspect of the trachea about 7th – 8th tracheal ring level in gazelle, whereas in sheep at 4th tracheal ring. The anatomical data revealed no significant important in the weight of the gland between gazelle and sheep, and between left and right lobe in both gazelle and sheep in weight, dimensions and volume, but significantly importance between gazelle and sheep in the length, width and volume of isthmus at p<0.05 and in the length of the right and left lobe and only thickness of the right lobe between gazelle and sheep at p<0.05. thyroid gland was supplied by the cranial and caudal thyroid arteries in gazelle, while in sheep through the dorsal and ventral thyroidal arteries, all arteries were originate from the common carotid artery .Keyword: Gazelle, Thyroid gland, Isthmus, Right lobe, left lobe, Thyroid artery.
Employment of combined-extraction from Argan oil and diluted apple cider vinegar (ACV-AO) for refuting pediculosis in cats
Authors: Hassan Abdul-samad Uleiwi , Al-Fayyadh Fawziyya Fakhry , Abdul-Jaleel Yarob Sa'ad
Published: August 2023

The present study demonstrated a positive effect of both argan oil & apple cider vinegar mixed with pure water RO in the healing of head lice disease, as it was the best concentration plant is 50% and the level of significance p< 0.05 after adding Argan oil by 1/200. Experience also showed not affected the cuticle transactions applicable to this mixture and instead it found that the direct impact of this solution is focused on the respiratory system of the lice to lead to a suffocating with stiff competent tissue and without any side effects mentioned during host's treatment.
Study the Sub acute Effect of Eruca sativa Leaves Extract on Hematological Parameters of Male Rats
Authors: Al-Shimmary Bassam A.Abed
Published: August 2023

Eruca Sativa is a plant usually used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and used for salad preparations and in the traditional medicine. This study aimed to determine the effect of crude ethanolic extract of Eruca Sativa leaves on the hematological changes. Twenty albino male rats were divided for four groups, group D, rats served as control. Group A, B, and C, rats dosed orally 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg respectively for one week. The results indicate that white blood cell and the Red blood cells were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while HCT, RDW-SD, RDW-CV, PLT, MPV and PCT was significant (p < 0.05) changes. On the other hand the HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PDW showed no significant (p < 0.05) effects.
Study on Neurotoxic effects of Digoxin different doses in mice
Authors: Jaafar Farrah R.
Published: August 2023

The present study was designed to evaluate neurobehavioral effects of two  doses of  digoxin( therapeutic and double dose) in mice.Two treatment groups( T1, T2), each consist of 10 mice divided according to daily oral treatment with Digoxin representing dosing orally with 5 ,10microgram/kg  respectively the third group considered as  control and treated with distilled water.Neurobehavioral results showed that digioxin in T2 caused significant decrease proportional with the dose in  autonomic and central  nervous system activity manifested by in decrease urination frequency and fecal boluses, disturbance  of vestibular system ,increase of time needed for 180° turning upward to avoid slope, and defect in degree of cognitive function of exploration , and neuromuscular compatibility with disturbance of  locomotor activity( proportional with dose and period of exposure) .While T1 showed significant effect in disturbance  of vestibular system ,increase of time needed for 180° turning upward to avoid slope,and righting reflex  , and neuromuscular compatibility with disturbance of  locomotor activity( proportional with dose and period of exposure) ,while there were   no significant change in other parameters above at that period.In conclusion  this study revealed that digoxin of both dose 5mcg/kg and10 mcg/kg in caused  abnormal neurobehaviord effect propotinal with the dose and period of expouser even at the therapeutic dose that indicate the precaution in using such drug.
Radiographic study of the penis in adult Indigenous Gazelle ( Gazella subgutturosa )
Authors: AL- Ramahy Ali Abdulkareem , Atyia Mahdi Abdul-kareem
Published: August 2023

Five specimens of adult Gazelle of (2-3) years old were used to study the internal pattern of the movement of blood inside the C.C.P. during erection, this was done by injected contrast media from the root of penis and photographed radio- graphically. The results showed that the penis of Gazelle has one dorsal canal on the dorsal part of the C.C.P., this canal extended from the root to the beginning of glans. From this canal the cavernous spaces of C.C.P. will be filled during erection by interconnecting canals.
Study comparison analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous and alcoholic leaves extract of Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) with ketoprofen in male albino rats
Authors: Humaish Haider
Published: August 2023

The pain considered is an important signs for many medical condition which is reduced by using analgesic drugs, that act either locally or systemically via central nervous system, that may have many harmful side effects. This study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect of both aqueous and alcoholic extract of Lawsonia inermis L. and comparing with one of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) Ketoprofen by using hot plate test, tail immersion method, and study ability of aqueous and alcoholic extract to reduce writhing induced by acetic acid injection. Also, study the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of henna extract in formalin-induced paw edema . Twenty four Wister rats were used which divided randomly into four equal groups, first group served as  control negative treated with distal water, second, control positive, injected with ketoprofen (8 mg/kg B.W.) third group treated with aqueous extract and fourth group treated with methanolic extract (200 mg/kg B.W.) in addition to the ketoprofen. At the end of experiment, the results clarified that alcoholic extract of henna has similar effect of ketoprofen via significant increase (P<0.05) in reaction time to hot plate and tail withdrawal from hot water. Moreover, the results explained significant decrease (P<0.05) in the writhes count( abdominal constriction). As well as, the ability of alcoholic extract to significant (P<0.05 ) reduce body temperature comparing with control group. Likewise, the result revealed that alcoholic extract of Lawsonia inermis has anti-inflammatory activity by significant (P<0.05 ) reduction in edema size induced by formalin injection in paw skin, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha. (TNF-α). Thus, the results of current study illustrated that methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis has central and peripheral analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity comparing with control group.
Detection the genetic relation between several fungal isolates by using a universal ITS primers
Authors: AL-Ezerjawi Nihad Habeeb.Mutlag , Samaka Hayder , Alrufae Mohammad
Published: August 2023

The goal of this study is to evaluate the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the rDNA to detect a phylogenetic relationshep based on PCR technique between four isolates of Trichoderma viride, Chaetumium elatum and tow isolates (pathogen and non-pathogen strains) of Rhizoctonia solani obtained from tomato plant rhizosphere, rice plant rhizosphere and root rotted tomato plants fields of Al-Najaf province, Iraq.Internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using a set of common universal primers for ITS1, ITS3 and ITS4 regions. Two of three different random primers examined (primers 3 and 4) reflected a specific amplicons within Rhizoctonia solani(1), Chaetumium  elatum , and Trichoderma viride, while the primer 1 did not  give any PCR end product  with all of tested isolates, while Rhizoctonia solani(2) isolates did not revealed any band detected in PCR technique with all primers, also data showing a diferent degree of genetic similarity depanding on PCR data analysis using UVIBand softwear.Results of this study indicate that ITS set of primers can used to find a genetic relation between fungi.
Benzene histotoxic and teratogenic Effects in exposed Mice
Authors: Kadhim Hussamadin , Al-Shammari Ahmed Majeed , Tawfeeq Amer , Mohammad Maeda , Hassan Ayman
Published: August 2023

Throughout the last two decades, benzene was a prominent source of an occupational and environmental pollution in Iraq. Especially from direct contact with private electric generators which were installed closer to homes or even inside every home in Iraq. As a result of handling without taking enough precautions, environmental threat has increased due to serious toxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of benzene. Toxicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of this chemical carcinogen were experimented in Swiss albino mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Six-week-old male mice were used as a model for toxicity and carcinogenicity together with female mice were treated with benzene, and newborns were sacrificed to study the teratogenic impact. During a period of three months, twice per week, male mice were injected with two doses (0.1% and 0.2%) of benzene diluted with corn oil. Female mice were also treated with (0.1% and 0.2%) of benzene on day 7 prior to gestation at 72 hr intervals for one month and sacrificed 10 days after labor. At the end of experiment, sections of different organs were histopathologically observed and significant changes were noticed.  Dose-related changes were detected during examination of males' liver showing hepatocyte swelling, degeneration and fibrosis and similarly glomerular enlargement and tubular necrosis of the kidney. New born mice liver sections showed a significant liver and kidney histological changes. These results may explain a correlation between tumor incidence and transplacental benzene exposure in mice and shade the light on the potential health risks that Iraqi community exposed to.Conclusions: When the researchers take into account the degree of damage resulted from direct exposing Albino mice to benzene for a limited period of time, there will be a reasonable wariness because of the increasing level of toxicity and carcinogenicity in the Iraqi environment.
Histoarchilecture Of Skin In Guinea Pig
Authors: Alhacham Eman Ibrahim Dale
Published: August 2023

The study aimes to described the  histological stricture  of skin in guinea pig  an differention between thick and thin skin of different body regions , utilizing of (10) cutaneous specimens were taking from (6)anatomical regions including most of body   which are abdomen , back, nose , ear , palmer pad and plantar pad.  As the results revealed that the epidermis was thin  in (ear ,abdomen and back) it composed of four secondary layers including from lower to upper: stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, and Stratum Corneum,  while it was thick epidermis in nose, plantar pad , the palmer pad ,which characterized by presence of Stratum Lucidum beside the previous  four layers. The study revealed a marked variation in the thickness of epidermis of the different skin regions: the thickest epidermis was in plantar pad  (43.2) µm, on the contrary, the epidermis of ear region was found to be the thinnest 31.6 µm.it was also observed  a direct   relation between the whole thickness of the epidermis and the thickness of the Stratum corneum in all of the studied skin regions.  Also we notice that  the dermis composed of two essential layers. The superficial thin papillary layer which is located directly under the basement membrane and it's formed of loose  and relatively cellular connective tissue and it included dermal papillae which is formed because the waves of basement membrane in different degree in anatomical regions and deep thick reticular layer which consists thick collagen  fibers bundles that run parallel to the skin surface. The highest thickness of the dermis was observed in the plantar pad (36) µm, while  it is reduced in the abdomen skin to (4) µm, the thickness of the other regions ranging between those two extremes .The study also clear the presence of carbohydrates in dermis more than epidermis as well as the epidermis – dermal junction is delicate in thin skin while dens in thick skin.
Biochemical changes related with retention of fetal membranes in Iraqi buffaloes
Authors: Al-Yasiri E.A
Published: August 2023

The present study was performed in 36 Iraqi buffaloes, which were divided into 4 equal groups each of 9 buffaloes. 1st group were suffered from Retention of fetal membranes after calving for 24hrs, 2nd group were suffered from RFMs after calving for 48hrs and 3rd group were suffered from RFMs after calving for 72hrs and 9 buffaloes were left as a control group (without retained). Blood samples were taken to estimate some serum biochemical (metabolites, ions and hormones) constituents, from all groups. Glucose and cholesterol were significantly higher (P<0.01) in control group in compared with infected groups and there were no significant differences (P<0.01) in glucose and cholesterol levels between the three groups of RFMs, while total protein were significantly lower (P<0.01) in the 3rd group compared with the 1st and 2nd groups and it was significantly higher (P<0.01) in control group in compared with infected groups. There were no significant differences (P<0.01) between the infected groups and with control group in the level of urea, as for ions, there were a significantly lower value of (Ca, Na and Mg) in the infected groups compared with control group, while potassium were significantly lower in the 2nd and 3rd groups compared with the 1st group, and it was significantly higher in control group in compared with the infected groups. There were no significant differences in progesterone and estrogen concentration between the infected groups, and they were significantly higher (P<0.01) in control group compared with the infected groups. In conclusion: RFMs leads to significantly (P<0.01) decline in biochemical's, ions and hormonal components  in Iraqi buffaloes, and this decline has a diagnostic importance that it could be benefit to expect  the occurrence of RFMs and make a preventive measure to prevent RFMs in Iraqi buffaloes
Curing of some Antibiotic Resistance by the Action of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and Ethidium bromide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from urine of human, cow meat and horses wound
Authors: Saleh Zeena Fouad
Published: August 2023

Thirty seven isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Twenty-two isolates were collected from urine in Al-Diywania teaching hospital, eleven isolates from cow meat and four isolates from wound horses. They were identified using the Vitek 2, for detecting characteristics of the biochemical tests and morphological appearance. All isolates resisted to Nalidixic acid, Oxacillin ,Vancomycin,  Ampicillin, and Ciprofloxacin , while show sensitive to Kanamycin and Tetracycline. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of two curing agents, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and ethidium bromide, used in this study were determined and the results indicated that the curing percentage  and efficiency of each curing agent was determined. From treatment with 700 μg/ml ethidium bromide, it was observed that no cured cells were obtained for all antibiotics used and obtained for all antibiotics used by SDS at a concentration of (1, 0.9, 0.8)% (W/V) where had no effect on plasmid curing and bacterial cells complete lysis, the isolates appeared sensitive to (0.5,0.6 and 0.7)% concentration of SDS were Nalidixic acid 10mg was (35.1, 94.5 and 100) %, Vancomycin 30mg ( 59.4, 86.4 and 100) %, Kanamycin 30mg was (97.2, 100,100)%  and Tetracycline 30mg was (75.6, 100 and 100)% respectively , no there sensitivity for each Oxacillin 30mg , Ciprofloxacin 5mg and Ampicillin 10mg.
Comparative Study of the clinical effects of Levofloxacin and Spiramycin on induced colibacellosis in chicken
Authors: Al Safi Shatha mousa mlaghee , Kafi Lubna Ahmed
Published: August 2023

The study is mainly focusing to find the sensitivity and efficacy of levofloxacin or Spiramycin on induced colibacellosis in chicken   at therapeutic dose for 5 days, Sixty four, 28 day old broiler  chicks  of mixed sexes were used in the study. They were placed in the animal house at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kufa University. The clinical signs developed after 12 hours in all the inoculated groups. Mortality in all the groups started after 16 -24 h  of inoculation .After 12day period the body weight of group  treatment with Levofloxacin animals significantly backed to normal values. While animals in group  treated with Spiramycin did not indicate improvement in body weight after 12 days of treatment with Spiramycin. The mortality rate in unmedicated group was high as compared to medicated groups, Levofloxacin more effective against Colibacellosis as compared to Spiramycin. Aim of the study  Our studies evaluate the available therapies, and its effectiveness and safety of levofloxacin and compares’ with old antibiotic like Spiramycin.
Prevalence of diseases in the canine referred to a private practice in Baghdad in 2015-2016
Authors: Tamimi Naqa
Published: August 2023

Dog ownership is an increasing aspect of veterinary practice in Iraq and it needs special attention since it lacks necessary information such as prevalence of various diseases and other basic information in this regard. In this study 258 dogs referred to a small animal private practice in 2015-6 in Baghdad were assessed. The mean ± SD of these dogs' age was 9.19 ±19.4 months and men presented more dogs than women (222 compared to 36). German shepherd dog was the most popular dog breed presented in this study while the most commonly presented health conditions were GI infections, Canine parvovirus, musculoskeletal conditions, respiratory infections, and canine distemper respectively. Additional 75 dogs were healthy and presented for check up and vaccination. Finally, German shepherd dogs were more likely to be presented with a disease compared to other breeds specially mixed breeds.
Comparative study of residues of Levofloxacin and Spiramycin in normal and infected tissues of chicken by HPLC
Authors: Al safi Shatha Mousa Mlaghee , Kafi Lubna Ahmed
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the residues of Levofloxacin and Spiramycin in chicken plasma, kidney and breast muscle tissues  by HPLC assay in( normal and infected tissues with E coli)at ( 0,3,5,8) day. After the last therapeutic dose. Sixty broiler chicken with 30 days old of mixed sexes were used in the study. They were divided in to 5 groups: control group (non- infected – non treated),normal birds   received levofloxacin at 10 mg per kg body weight orally for five days, birds  received Spiramycin (15mg/ kg) body weight orally for five days, Birds were challenged with E. coli and treated orally with Levofloxacin , Birds were challenged with E. coli and treated orally with Spiramycin . and placed in the animal house at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kufa University .The result of  residue concentration of two drugs were gradually decreased in all tissue samples from day zero to day eight after the last dose .Concentration in kidney more than muscle  tissue for two drugs levofloxacin and Spiramycin  and concentration in infected tissue more than normal tissue(µg/gm) ,levofloxacin concentration were( 0.069±0.002,0.106±0.004 )( µg/gm). in normal and infection kidney respectively  in day 5 after the last therapeutic dose 10mg/kg /B.W orally for 5 days  ,which less than maximum residue limit ( MRL), (0.2µg/gm).Will  Spiramycin concentration in infected and normal kidney tissue in day five after the last dose with therapeutic dose 60000 IU/kg/B.W were0.720 ±0.06 ,0.349±0.03 respectivly,more thanMRL(0.30µg/gm),therefore the levofloxacin,less residue in tissues  and  low withdrawal time. Thane Spiramycin  .Aim of the study:This work study the safety of two drug by estimation residue in plasma and tissue andwithdrawal timefor  normal case and infected animals with avian E coli.Following oral administration  at the therapeutic  dose for five days in  the chicken.
Study the toxicity of digoxin on liver and their transaminase enzymes level in rat
Authors: Khadhair Abbas , Majeed Saleh
Published: August 2023

The current study was conducted at the college of veterinary medicine, university of basrah in the periods extended from 22/10/2016 to 22/1/2017. Digoxin is an important cause of poisoning. It is prescribed and widely used to patients with heart failure. Digoxin toxicity can emerge during long-term therapy as well as after an overdose and because it is metabolized and eliminated by liver. Therefore, the study is designed to determine the toxic effects of digoxin on liver histologically and biochemically by measuring liver transaminase enzymes level in the serum. Maximum toxic dose determined by using 2 rats dosed orally until clinical signs of toxicity became prominent at 30mg for each rat and considered as MTD. The chronic toxicity study was carried out on 48 adult rats divided into 4 groups. Control (G1) receive distilled water, Low dose (G2) dosed with (1.5mg/kg), Intermediate dose (G3) dosed with (3mg/kg) and High dose (G4) dosed with (6mg/kg) of digoxin by oral gavage for 90 days. At the end of experiments all animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for estimation of biochemical parameter of rat. Result reveals histopathological changes as sever periportal fibrosis, bile duct proliferation and aggregation of mononuclear cells specially with high (G4) group. There is a significant (P≤0.05) increase in serum AST & ALT level in high (G4) group when compared with other study groups. We conclude that high dose digoxin has a toxic effect on liver tissue.
Ameliorative Effect of Fenugreek on sex hormones in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Female Rats Induced by Letrozole
Authors: Alkalby Jassim , Hamzah Fouad
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Basrah to investigate the role of the treatment  with metformin  (Met), ethanolic extract of fenugreek (FN) each alone and their combination on the sex hormones changes in polycystic ovary syndrome induced in female rats. For this purpose, the study included two experiment. First experiment aimed to determine  the changes in the hormones concentration of pituitary ovarian axis associated with PCOS, induced by letrozole in rats. Fifty six  adult female rats randomly divided in to two group, first group (n=16) administrated 0.5% carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) 0.2ml/rat/orally by gavage and served as control group and second group (n=40) administered Letrozole (1mg/kg B.W/day) dissolved in 1ml of 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose  (CMC) orally  by gavage for 21 days to induced PCOS. Vaginal smear examination of all female rats was done to ensure the occurrence of PCOS. At the end of the experiment eight rats of each group were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and serum were separated for hormonal assay. The results revealed a significant increase in serum concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in PCOS group compared with control group. On other hand a significant decrease in serum concentration of estrogen (E2), and progesterone (P4) in PCOS group compared with control.
Analgesic and Anti- Inflammatory Effects of Hydro Alcoholic Extract of (Syzygium aromaticum) in Albino Mice
Authors: Al-ameedi Ali , Faris Jwad , Rabee Ali , Naji Hawraa , Obayes Amer , Obaid Walaa
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties  of an  hydro alcoholic syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) .The analgesic activity was measured by using the hot plate test with Twenty four (24)  mice divided randomly into four groups , T1, T2 received 100 , 200 mg /kg.bw of (SAE) while T3 dosed 50 mg /kg.bw of diclofanic acid and T4 used as control negative and dosed distilled water (D.W.) . The anti-inflammatory activity was measured by using formalin test with Twenty four (24)  mice divided randomly into four groups , T1and T2 dosed with 100 and 200 mg /kg.bw  respectively of (SAE)  while T3 group dosed 0.3 mg/kg.bw of meloxicam and T4 dosed  with (D.W.) ,  (all groups dosed orally before half hour of test)  and then calculate the time of analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects . The result showed  there is significant increase(p˂0.05)  in time of analgesia and significant decreases (p˂0.05)  in number of licking  in animal exposed to (SAE)  comparing with that of control ,  also there is significant increase(p˂0.05)  in time of analgesia and decrease in licking  in animals received diclofanic acid and meloxicam respectively  comparing with those received (SAE) and D.W the increase was dose dependent manner. In conclusion the hydro-alcoholic extract of clove E.C showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect