bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival rate of HIV-infected children after initiation of the antiretroviral therapy and its predictors in Ethiopia: A facility-based retrospective cohort
Authors: Arage Getachew , Assefa Mekonnen , Worku Teshager , Semahegn Agumasie
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To determine the survival rate and predictors of HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy at two selected facilities in North Ethiopia.

Methods:

A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Debre Tabor General Hospital and Dessie Referral Hospital from December 2005 to November 2015. A total of 426 records were included in the study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent predictors of survival.

Results:

At the end of follow-up, 97 (22.9%) HIV-infected children died and 325 (77.1%) were alive. The probabilities of survival at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months of on antiretroviral therapy were 0.91, 0.85, 0.84 and 0.80, respectively. The median survival time was 91.6 months (95% confidence interval: 89.0–94.2). Almost half (51%) of the deaths occurred within the first 2 years of treatment. Study participants who had poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–7.5) and who started antiretroviral therapy with lower baseline weight-for-age Z-score (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–6.1) were significantly associated with high risk of mortality. On the other hand, study participants with a baseline CD4 count above 200 cells/mm3 (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.7; 95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.9) and those participants who had psychosocial support during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.1–0.7) were significantly associated with less mortality event.

Conclusion:

Mortality of children on antiretroviral therapy was high. The risk of mortality is increased if the child was underweight at the commencement of antiretroviral therapy, had lower baseline CD4 count, had poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and had no psychosocial support. Concerned stakeholders should focus on antiretroviral therapy adherence, nutritional interventions, psychological support and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy regardless of their CD4 count to enhance survival of HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
The professional boundaries of journalists in Hong Kong: Strategies of accepting and dismissing citizen journalists
Authors: Serban Florin C
Published: March 2019

This study investigates the impact of public participation on the journalistic field in Hong Kong and the response of legacy and digital-only newsrooms to this process. Relying on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory and on Thomas Gieryn’s concept of boundary work, this article examines the strategies used by journalists to patrol and maintain the boundaries of their field. In-depth interviews collected from 24 journalists working for both legacy and digital-only media show that journalists do not fully dismiss the work of public participation. Instead, they do their best to incorporate such practices into their daily work, while aiming to keep their professional standards high. Nevertheless, there are differences between legacy and digital-only journalists when it comes to their use of user-generated content. Legacy journalists tend to avoid using newsworthy content they find online in isolation. They try to use UGC as a starting point, to provide context, and to verify the source of the material. On the other hand, digital-only journalists tend to rush publishing their stories and only add context at a later stage.
Is citizen journalism better than professional journalism for fact-checking rumours in China? How Weibo users verified information following the 2015 Tianjin blasts
Authors: Zeng Jing , Burgess Jean , Bruns Axel
Published: March 2019

This article investigates how citizens contribute to rumour verification on social media in China, drawing on a case study of Weibo communication about the 2015 Tianjin blasts. Three aspects of citizen engagement in verifying rumours via Weibo are examined: (1) how they directly debunked rumours related to the blasts, (2) how they verified official rumour messages and (3) how they used Weibo’s community verification function to collectively identify and fact-check rumours. The article argues that in carrying out such activities, ordinary Weibo users were engaging in practices of citizen journalism. Findings from our analysis suggest that even though citizen journalists’ direct engagement in publishing debunking messages was not as visible as that of the police and mainstream media, self-organised grassroots rumour-debunking practices demonstrate great potential. In terms of both the reposts and the positive comments they received, rumour-debunking posts from non-official actors appear to have been given more credibility than those from their official counterparts. In contrast, the official narratives about the Tianjin blasts were challenged, and the credibility of the official rumour-debunking messages was commonly questioned. Nevertheless, this article also shows that Weibo’s community verification system had limited effects in facilitating how Weibo users could collaboratively fact-check potentially false information.
New perspectives on citizen journalism
Authors: Zeng Xin , Jain Savyasaachi , Nguyen An , Allan Stuart
Published: March 2019

In the aftermath of the South Asian tsunami of 26 December 2004, the term ‘citizen journalism’ swiftly gained currency with global news organisations finding themselves in the difficult position of being largely dependent on ‘amateur’ photographs, video footage and eyewitness accounts to tell the story of what was transpiring on the ground in the most severely affected areas. Despite its ambiguities, the term was widely perceived to capture the countervailing ethos of the ordinary person’s capacity to contribute to professional news coverage, thereby providing commentators with a useful label to characterise an ostensibly new genre of user-generated content.
Golden Age Residential Healthcare: Opportunities in Thailand
Authors: Lao-Hakosol Wilaiporn , Walsh John
Published: March 2019

As societies around the world experience ageing, the issue of providing required levels of health and social care for elderly people is becoming more urgent. Since governments are unlikely to be able to provide the level of care required without significant increases in taxation levels, there arises a need for private sector responses. This case study considers the provision of long-term residential care for people in Thailand and the business opportunities this provides. It concerns in particular the Golden Age Residential Healthcare facility, which is located in a country which has prioritized the wellness industry as a sector of potential high growth in the economy. Relatively low labour costs combined with good medical education and investment in medical facilities mean Thailand is a potentially important location for elderly healthcare. However, there are some practical and commercial issues to overcome before success can be realized and this case study focuses on these issues.
The Effect of Dividend Policy on Stock Price: Evidence from the Indian Market
Authors: Singh Narinder Pal , Tandon Aakarsh
Published: March 2019

One of the most debated issue in the field of corporate finance is the relationship between dividend policy and market price of share. There is good amount of literature for and against this issue. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of dividend policy on market prices of shares of Nifty 50 companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) for 2008–2017. The data have been analysed by employing multiple panel data regression models namely pooled regression, fixed effect model and random effect model. The Hausman test has been used to suggest the most appropriate regression model. The result of the Hausman test indicates that random effect model is more relevant in describing the relationship among the given variables. The results of the random effect regression model support the relevant approaches of dividend policy. Thus, we conclude that there is significant effect of dividend policy on the stock price of firms.
Cell-free DNA in the supernatant of pleural effusion can be used to detect driver and resistance mutations, and can guide tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment decisions
Authors: Hummelink Karlijn , Muller Mirte , Linders Theodora C. , van der Noort Vincent , Nederlof Petra M. , Baas Paul , Burgers Sjaak , Smit Egbert F. , Meijer Gerrit A. , van den Heuvel Michel M. , van den Broek Daan , Monkhorst Kim
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Molecular profiling of tumours has become the mainstay of diagnostics for metastasised solid malignancies and guides personalised treatment, especially in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In current practice, it is often challenging to obtain sufficient tumour material for reliable molecular analysis. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood or other bio-sources could present an alternative approach to obtain genetic information from the tumour. In a retrospective cohort we analysed the added value of cfDNA analysis in pleural effusions for molecular profiling.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed both the supernatant and the cell pellet of 44 pleural effusions sampled from 39 stage IV patients withKRAS(n=23) orEGFR(n=16) mutated tumours to detect the original driver mutation as well as forEGFRT790M resistance mutations. Patients were diagnosed with either NSCLC (n=32), colon carcinoma (n=4), appendiceal carcinoma (n=2) or adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (n=1). Samples collected in the context of routine clinical care were stored at the Netherlands Cancer Institute biobank. We used droplet digital PCR for analysis.

Results

The driver mutation could be detected in 36 of the 44 pleural effusions by analysis of both the supernatant (35 out of 44 positive) and the cell pellet (31 out of 44 positive). In seven out of 20 pleural effusions from patients withEGFRmutation-positive tumours, a T790M mutation was detected. All seven supernatants and cell pellets were positive.

Conclusions

cfDNA in pleural effusion can be used to detect driver mutations as well as resistance mechanisms likeEGFRT790M in pleural effusion with high accuracy and is therefore a valuable bio-source.
Impact of a protocol-driven unified service for neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Batey Natalie , Batra Dushyant , Dorling Jon , Bhatt Jayesh Mahendra
Published: March 2019

Aim

A new specialised service for preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) was established in 2007, led by the paediatric respiratory team, transitioning from neonatal-led follow-up. The new service included the utilisation of a clear protocol. Our objective was to review whether this service initiation led to a reduction of time in LTOT and hospital readmissions.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of infants born at <32 weeks’ gestation requiring LTOT in a single tertiary neonatal service. Cases were identified from hospital records, BadgerNet and a local database for two cohorts, 2004–2006 and 2008–2010. Data collected for infants requiring LTOT included demographic details, length of neonatal stay, time in oxygen and hospital attendance rates.

Results

The initiation of the service led to an increase in the number of discharges in LTOT: 13.1% of infants born alive before 32 weeks’ gestation in comparison to 3.5% (p<0.001). However, the length of time in LTOT reduced from 15 to 5 months (p=0.01). There was no difference in hospital readmission rates (p=0.365).

Conclusions

In our experience the increase in neonates requiring LTOT is likely to be due to enhanced provision of overnight oximetry studies prior to discharge. Structured monitoring and weaning led to a shorter duration of home oxygen therapy.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Existence results for the general Schrödinger
equations with a superlinear Neumann boundary value problem
Authors: Liu Zhen
Published: March 2019

The main goal of this paper is to study the general Schrödinger
equations with a superlinear Neumann boundary value problem in domains with conical
points on the boundary of the bases. First the formulation and the complex form of
the problem for the equations are given, and then the existence result of solutions
for the above problem is proved by the complex analytic method and the fixed point
index theory, where we absorb the advantages of the methods in recent works and give
some improvement and development. Finally, we are also interested in the asymptotic
behavior of solutions of the mentioned equation. These results generalize some
previous results concerning the asymptotic behavior of solutions of non-delay
systems of Schrödinger equations or of delay Schrödinger equations.
Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Eastell Richard , Rosen Clifford J , Black Dennis M , Cheung Angela M , Murad M Hassan , Shoback Dolores
Published: March 2019

Objective

The objective is to formulate clinical practice guidelines for the pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Conclusions

Evidence from clinical trials and insights from clinical experience with pharmacologic therapies for osteoporosis were critically evaluated in formulating this guideline for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Patient preferences, data on adherence and persistence, and risks and benefits from the patient and provider perspectives were also considered in writing committee deliberations. A consensus by the Writing Committee members was achieved for four management principles: (i) The risk of future fractures in postmenopausal women should be determined using country-specific assessment tools to guide decision-making. (ii) Patient preferences should be incorporated into treatment planning. (iii) Nutritional and lifestyle interventions and fall prevention should accompany all pharmacologic regimens to reduce fracture risk. (iv) Multiple pharmacologic therapies are capable of reducing fracture rates in postmenopausal women at risk with acceptable risk-benefit and safety profiles.
Awake Fiberoptic Intubation Protocols in the Operating Room for Anticipated Difficult Airway: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Cabrini Luca , Baiardo Redaelli M , Ball Lorenzo , Filippini Martina , Fominskiy Evgeny , Pintaudi Margherita , Putzu Alessandro , Votta Carmine D. , Sorbello Massimiliano , Antonelli Massimo , Landoni Giovanni , Pelosi Paolo , Zangrillo Alberto
Published: March 2019

Awake fiberoptic intubation is one of the recommended strategies for surgical patients with anticipated difficult airway, especially when concurrent difficult ventilation is expected. We performed the first systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing different protocols for awake fiberoptic intubation in anticipated difficult airway, including studies investigating elective awake fiberoptic intubation for scheduled surgery; randomized controlled trials comparing different methods for performing awake fiberoptic intubation; and adult patients with anticipated difficult airway. We excluded studies in the nonoperating theater settings, randomized controlled trials comparing awake fiberoptic intubation with other techniques, and studies based on simulation. Primary outcomes were success rate and death; secondary outcomes were major adverse events. Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials evaluating 2045 patients and 4 areas were identified: premedication, local anesthesia, sedation, and ancillary techniques to facilitate awake fiberoptic intubation. Quality of evidence was moderate–low and based on small-sampled randomized controlled trials. Overall, 12 of 2045 intubation failures (0.59%) and 7 of 2045 severe adverse events (0.34%) occurred, with no permanent consequences or death. All evaluated methods to achieve local anesthesia performed similarly well. No differences were observed in success rate with different sedatives. Dexmedetomidine resulted in fewer desaturation episodes compared to propofol and opioids with or without midazolam (relative risk, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.28–0.95]; P = .03); occurrence of desaturation was similar with remifentanil versus propofol, while incidence of apnoea was lower with sevoflurane versus propofol (relative risk, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.22–0.81]; P = .01). A high degree of efficacy and safety was observed with minimal differences among different protocols; dexmedetomidine might offer a better safety profile compared to other sedatives.
Effects of Anticholinesterase Reversal Under General Anesthesia on Postoperative Cardiovascular Complications: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shay Denys , Scheffenbichler Flora T. , Kelly Barry J. , Lihn Anne-Louise , Deng Hao , Nourmahnad Anahita , Xu Xinling , Houle Timothy T. , Eikermann Matthias , Forman Stuart A.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:

The anticholinesterase neostigmine and the muscarinic inhibitor glycopyrrolate are frequently coadministered for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade. This practice can precipitate severe bradycardia or tachycardia, but whether it affects the incidence of cardiovascular complications remains unclear. We hypothesized that anticholinesterase reversal with neostigmine and glycopyrrolate versus no anticholinesterase reversal increases the risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications among adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia.

METHODS:

We conducted a prespecified retrospective analysis of hospital registry data from a major health care network for patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia from January 2007 to December 2015. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac dysrhythmia, acute heart failure, transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, and acute myocardial infarction within 30 days after surgery. We performed sensitivity analyses in subgroups and propensity score adjustment and explored the association between exposure and outcome in subgroups of patients with high risk of cardiovascular complications.

RESULTS:

Of the 98,147 cases receiving neuromuscular blockade, 73,181 (74.6%) received neostigmine and glycopyrrolate, while 24,966 (25.4%) did not. A total of 5612 patients (7.7%) in the anticholinesterase reversal group and 1651 (6.6%) in the control group (P < .001) experienced the primary outcome. After adjustment for clinical covariates, neostigmine and glycopyrrolate exposure was significantly associated in a dose-dependent fashion (P for trend <.001, respectively) with tachycardia (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1 [95% CI, 1.97–2.23]; P < .001) and bradycardia (adjusted odds ratio = 2.84 [95% CI, 2.49–3.24]; P < .001) but not with postoperative cardiovascular complications (adjusted odds ratio = 1.03 [95% CI, 0.97–1.1]; P = .33). We identified a significant effect modification of anticholinesterase reversal by high age, high-risk surgery, and history of atrial fibrillation (P for interaction = .002, .001, and .02, respectively). By using linear combinations of main effect and exposure–risk interaction terms, we detected significant associations between anticholinesterase reversal and cardiovascular complications toward a higher vulnerability in these patient subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Neuromuscular blockade reversal with neostigmine and glycopyrrolate was associated with an increased incidence of intraoperative tachycardia and bradycardia but not with 30-day postoperative cardiovascular complications. Exploratory analyses suggest that a high postoperative cardiovascular complication risk profile may modify the effects of anticholinesterase reversal toward clinical relevance.
Developmental vascular pruning in neonatal mouse retinas is programmed in the astrocytic oxygen sensing mechanism
Authors: Duan Li-Juan , Fong Guo-Hua
Published: March 2019

Vascular pruning is critical to normal development, but its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report that retinal vascular pruning is controlled by the oxygen sensing mechanism in local astrocytes. Oxygen sensing is mediated by prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs), which use O2 as a substrate to hydroxylate specific prolyl residues on hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-α proteins, labelling them for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In neonatal mice, astrocytic PHD2 deficiency led to elevated HIF-2α protein levels, expanded retinal astrocyte population, and defective vascular pruning. While astrocytic VEGF-A was also increased, anti-VEGF failed to rescue vascular pruning. On the other hand, stimulation of retinal astrocytic growth by intravitreal delivery of PDGF-A was sufficient to block retinal vascular pruning in wild-type mice. We propose that in normal development, oxygen from nascent retinal vasculature triggers PHD2 dependent HIF-2α degradation in nearby astrocytic precursors, thus limiting their further growth by driving them to differentiate into non-proliferative mature astrocytes. The physiological limit of retinal capillary density may be set by astrocytes available to support their survival, with excess capillaries destined for regression.
Respiratory gas levels interact to control ventilatory motor patterns in isolated locust ganglia
Authors: Talal Stav , Ayali Amir , Gefen Eran
Published: March 2019

Large insects actively ventilate their tracheal system even at rest, using abdominal pumping movements, which are controlled by a central pattern generator (CPG) in the thoracic ganglia. We studied the effects of respiratory gases on the ventilatory rhythm by isolating the thoracic ganglia and perfusing its main tracheae with various respiratory gas mixtures. Fictive ventilation activity was recorded from motor nerves controlling spiracular and abdominal ventilatory muscles. Both hypoxia and hypercapnia increased the ventilation rate, with the latter being much more potent. Sub-threshold hypoxic and hypercapnic levels were still able to modulate the rhythm as a result of interactions between the effects of the two respiratory gases. Additionally, changing the oxygen levels in the bathing saline affected ventilation rate, suggesting a modulatory role for haemolymph oxygen. Central sensing of both respiratory gases as well as interactions of their effects on the motor output of the ventilatory CPG reported here indicate convergent evolution of respiratory control among terrestrial animals of distant taxa.
Resistance Exercise-Induced Hypertrophy: A Potential Role for Rapamycin-Insensitive mTOR
Authors: Ogasawara Riki , Jensen Thomas E. , Goodman Craig A. , Hornberger Troy A.
Published: March 2019

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) exerts both rapamycin-sensitive and rapamycin-insensitive signaling events, and the rapamycin-sensitive components of mTOR signaling have been widely implicated in the pathway through which resistance exercise induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy. This review explores the hypothesis that rapamycin-insensitive components of mTOR signaling also contribute to this highly important process.
Counselling and knowledge on iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) among pregnant women in Kiambu County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kamau Mary , Kimani Samuel , Mirie Waithira
Published: March 2019

Background:The increased demand for iron and folic acid during pregnancy is not met through diet due to insufficiency or reduced bioavailability of nutrients among women from low income countries. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) is a promising interventional strategy for control of anaemia during pregnancy. Kenya adopted the global IFAS intervention with a target of 80% coverage by 2017, however, the compliance remains low. Increasing awareness, counselling, communication and community education on IFAS have improved compliance among pregnant women. Thus, we aimed to determine: IFAS knowledge, availability, practices, and content of IFAS counselling among pregnant women attending health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya.

Methods:A cross-sectional study involving 364 pregnant women aged 15-49 years. A two stage cluster sampling, including one sub-county and five public health facilities were used. A pre-tested structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, maternal knowledge and counselling on IFAS was used. An observation checklist was used to observe practices and content of antenatal counselling session in each facility. Data was analysed using STATA in which descriptive and inferential statistics were computed.

Results:Of 364 respondents, less than half (40.9%) scored high on knowledge on IFAS. Women who were counselled on duration of IFAS intake, side effects, and their mitigation were more likely (p <0.005) to have high IFAS knowledge. Although all the health facilities had varied IFAS posters displayed, none had key IFAS counselling documents.

Conclusion:Less than half of the pregnant women had high IFAS knowledge, IFAS documents were scarce in health facilities, IFAS counselling information in different health facilities was limited and varied and content of counselling was associated with levels of knowledge on IFAS. This underscores the need to strengthen focused and targeted IFAS counselling for pregnant women and standardization of counselling messages to improve compliance and pregnancy outcomes.
Association between choice of cooking fuel and peak expiratory flow rate among rural women in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ofori Sandra N. , Maduka Omosivie
Published: March 2019

Background: Long-term exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass fuel combustion is a risk factor for respiratory disease, which is an increasingly prevalent contributor to morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the association between household fuel use and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of rural-dwelling women in selected communities of the Niger Delta.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 321 non-smoking women aged 18 years and older. Questionnaires were used to obtain data on predominant fuel used and a brief medical history. Women with current respiratory symptoms were excluded. Fuel use was classified into three categories: biomass fuels (BMF), such as wood, animal dung and coal, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The PEFR was measured with an Omron peak flow meter using standard protocols and was abnormal if it was less than 80% of predicted value based on age and height.

Results: The mean age of the 321 women was 38.5±14.2 years. The biomass fuel users had significantly lower PEFR (353.9±104.4) compared to kerosene users (376.2±70.1) and LPG users (393.6± 93.3) (p=0.030). The overall prevalence of abnormal PEFR was 22.4%. The PEFR was abnormal in more BMF users (28%) than kerosene users (13.4%) and LPG users (9.4%) (p=0.005). The PEFR of women who used LPG was 20.8 l/min higher than BMF users (p=0.012). The users of BMF were 5.8 times more likely to have abnormal PEFR than LPG users (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.62, 20.52, p=0.007).

Conclusion: In this population, the use of biomass fuel was significantly associated with abnormal PEFR. This needs to be further explored in this population with a larger study using more objective measures, such as spirometry testing, to guide policies for the implementation of preventive strategies to protect vulnerable women from chronic obstructive airway disease.
Barriers to implementation of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of undescended testis
Authors: Smith Shawn C. , Nguyen Hiep T.
Published: March 2019

Cryptorchidism or undescended testis (UDT) is one of the most common genital disorders identified at birth. The gold standard for treatment in the US is to surgically bring the UDT into the scrotal sac. In 2014, the American Urologic Association (AUA) presented a guideline for evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism. We reviewed some of the most recent domestic and international studies examining the results of implementing the AUA and similar guidelines for the diagnosis and management of UDT. In addition, we reviewed some of the more common barriers to the implementation of the AUA guidelines and offered recommendations on how to increase the rate of early detection of UDT, thereby increasing the rate of surgical correction at the appropriate age.
Intertemporal Price Discrimination with Complementary Products: E-Books and E-Readers
Authors: Li Hui
Published: March 2019

This paper studies intertemporal price discrimination (IPD) with complementary products in the context of e-readers and e-books. Using individual-level data (2008–2012), I estimate a dynamic demand model for e-reader adoption and subsequent book quantity, reading format, and retailer choices in several book genres. I use the estimates to simulate a monopolist’s optimal dynamic pricing strategies when facing forward-looking consumers. The results illustrate how skimming/penetration pricing incentives for e-readers and harvesting/investing incentives for e-books interact in this novel setting. The optimal joint IPD strategy is skimming for e-readers and investing for e-books. Counterfactual results suggest that combining IPD with complementary product pricing improves firm profitability because it attenuates the limitations of each pricing approach. In a single-product IPD setting, firms’ pricing power is limited when consumers anticipate future price changes and delay purchases. Adding complementary products offers firms two pricing instruments; opposite price trajectories provide conflicting incentives for consumers, limiting intertemporal arbitrage. In a static complementary product setting, firms’ pricing power is limited when the relative elasticity between the two products is heterogeneous and conflicting among consumers. Adding IPD sorts heterogeneous consumers into different periods and reduces the need to balance across consumer types.

This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Use of the Omaha System to identify musculoskeletal problems in intensive care unit nurses: a case study
Authors: Sezgin Duygu , Esin M. Nihal
Published: March 2019

Background:

there is a need for a standard terminology to identify and manage occupational risks in intensive care unit (ICU) settings.

Aim:

this study was conducted to investigate the occupational musculoskeletal symptom-related problems of one ICU nurse using the Omaha system.

Method:

a case study method was employed. An Evaluation of Knowledge form and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment tools were used to identify musculoskeletal symptoms and ergonomic risks. Three components of the Omaha System were used: Problem Classification Scheme, Intervention Scheme and Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes.

Results:

eight signs/symptoms related to four problems were identified from three domains: environmental (neighbourhood/workplace safety), physiological (pain and neuro-musculoskeletal function), and health-related behaviours (physical activity and healthcare supervision). Interventions were mapped to Omaha System terms, and nursing outcomes were evaluated.

Conclusion:

this study presented an example of using the Omaha System in occupational health nursing practice. The Omaha System can be used effectively to identify musculoskeletal problems and related factors of ICU nurses in a standardised and computerised concept. Use of this system could aid prevention of occupational musculoskeletal problems in ICU nurses.
An AGTR1 Variant Worsens Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: de Gracia Hahn Dana , Duret Amedine , Mann Jake P.
Published: March 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertension are closely related but there has been little genetic evidence to link them. In this issue, Musso et al. provide evidence that a common variant in AGTR1 (A1166C) is associated with both incident hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. AGTR1 is strongly expressed in adipose, liver, and arteries. The mechanism of this gain-of-function variant is unclear but may include adipose or endothelial dysfunction and immune activation. Despite previous unsuccessful clinical trials of angiotensin receptor blockers in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, individuals with the rs5186A>C variant may have greater benefit from this therapy.
On the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of thyroid carcinoma after the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Jargin Sergei V.
Published: March 2019

On the basis of the linear no-threshold theory, the Chernobyl accident was predicted to result in an incidence increase of various malignancies. In fact, there has been no cancer increase proven to be a consequence of the radiation exposure after the accident except for thyroid carcinoma in people exposed at a young age. Prior to the accident, thyroid cancer had been rarely diagnosed in children and adolescents. The ability of screening to enhance the registered incidence of thyroid tumors is known. The screening after the accident detected not only small tumors but also large neglected ones, sometimes misclassified as aggressive radiogenic cancers, which contributed to the concept of their aggressive behavior and early metastasizing. This had consequences for the practice: some experts recommended a more radical surgical treatment of supposedly radiogenic thyroid cancers. Such recommendations are generally not in agreement with the international practice. In conclusion, the treatment of Chernobyl-related thyroid carcinoma should not be different from that of sporadic one.
WCZORAJ I DZIŚ DOSKONALENIA NAUCZYCIELI JĘZYKA NIEMIECKIEGO W POLSCE
Authors: Zenderowska-Korpus Grażyna
Published: March 2019

The main condition for the successful implementation of educational changes and reforms is professional development of teachers. The idea of lifelong learning has a long tradition. This paper presents the main principles of the professional development of teachers of German in Po-land from the 1990s onwards within the framework of the project Del-fort and Polish Association of German Teachers (PSNJN). The author will specify changes in areas and needs in the professional development of foreign language teachers in recent years.
Entwicklung und Anwendung einer Software zur automatisierten Kontrolle des Lebensmittelmarktes im Internet mit informationswissenschaftlichen Methoden
Authors: Sünkler Sebastian , Krewinkel Alexandra , Gleissner Mareike , Osterode Dorle , Tolg Boris , Holle Martin , Lewandowski Dirk
Published: March 2019

In diesem Artikel präsentieren wir die Durchführung und die Ergebnisse eines interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekts zum Thema automatisierte Lebensmittelkontrolle im Web. Es wurden Kompetenzen aus den Disziplinen Lebensmittelwissenschaft, Rechtswissenschaft, Informationswissenschaft und Informatik dazu genutzt, ein detailliertes Konzept und einen Software-Prototypen zu entwickeln, um das Internet nach Produktangeboten zu durchsuchen, die gegen das Lebensmittelrecht verstoßen. Dabei wird deutlich, wie ein solcher Anwendungsfall von den Methoden der Information-Retrieval-Evaluierung profitiert, und wie sich mit relativ geringem Aufwand eine flexible Software programmieren lässt, die auch für eine Vielzahl anderer Fragestellungen einsetzbar ist. Die Ergebnisse des Projekts zeigen, wie komplexe Arbeitsprozesse einer Behörde mit Hilfe der Methoden von Retrieval-Tests und gängigen Verfahren aus dem maschinellen Lernen effektiv und effizient unterstützt werden können.
Is What You See What You Get? Perceptions of Personal Trainers' Competence, Knowledge, and Preferred Sex of Personal Trainer Relative to Physique
Authors: Boerner Patrick R. , Polasek Katherine M. , True Larissa , Lind Erik , Hendrick Joy L.
Published: March 2019

Boerner, PR, Polasek, KM, True, L, Lind, E, and Hendrick, JL. Is what you see what you get? Perceptions of personal trainers' competence, knowledge, and preferred sex of personal trainer relative to physique. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1949–1955, 2021—The role that a personal trainer's (PT) physique plays in how potential clients perceive the PT is an understudied, yet potentially powerful, area of inquiry that has important professional implications. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a PT's physique could influence perceptions of his/her (a) PT competence, (b) level of personal training knowledge, and (c) preferred sex of the PT. Subjects (n = 191) were presented with pictures of male and female volunteers labeled as PTs. The pictures emphasized physique and consisted of varying body types (ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph) and muscularity (muscular vs. nonmuscular). Subjects examined pictures to answer surveys to rate trainers' competence, knowledge, and preferred sex of PT. Personal trainer physique significantly influenced individuals' perceptions of trainer characteristics. Both mesomorphic and ectomorphic body types were rated as more competent than an endomorphic body type. Muscular PTs were perceived to be significantly more knowledgeable and competent than their nonmuscular peers. Female PTs were perceived as more competent and knowledgeable than male PTs. Findings also suggested many more males preferred to work with a male PT while females lacked consensus. Collectively, PT physique seems to have a profound influence whether they are approached or avoided. These findings may have implications for how PTs market themselves to potential clients.
Heightened Defensive Responses Following Subtotal Lesions of Macaque Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Pujara Maia S. , Rudebeck Peter H. , Ciesinski Nicole K. , Murray Elisabeth A.
Published: March 2019

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive attention to threat. Several brain areas, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), have been associated with threat processing, with more recent work implicating specialized roles for the medial and lateral subregions of the OFC in mediating specific symptoms of anxiety disorders. Virtually no causal work, however, has evaluated the role of these OFC subregions in regulating behavioral responses under threat. To address this gap, we compared male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with bilateral excitotoxic lesions restricted to either the lateral OFC (lOFC), targeting Walker's areas 11 and 13, or the medial OFC (mOFC), targeting Walker's area 14, to a group of unoperated controls on behavioral responses to the presentation of a fake rubber snake, fake spider, and neutral stimuli. Both lesion groups showed heightened defensive and reduced approach responses, accompanied by longer latencies to retrieve a food reward, in the presence of the threatening stimuli. Compared to unoperated controls, the mOFC lesion group also showed longer latencies to reach for rewards and a greater proportion of defensive responses (e.g., piloerection) in the presence of neutral stimuli. Thus, monkeys with mOFC lesions displayed a greater tendency to express defensive responses even in the absence of threat. Overall, our data reveal that both the mOFC and lOFC contribute to the attenuation of defensive responses. Notably, these findings, obtained following selective, excitotoxic lesions of the OFC, are diametrically opposed to the effects of aspiration lesions of OFC observed in macaques.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEngaging in adaptive defensive responses under threat promotes biological fitness. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been implicated in regulating defensive responses to threat, with distinct subregions likely playing different roles. Here we tested the effects of excitotoxic damage restricted to either the lateral or medial subdivisions of the OFC in rhesus macaques. We found significantly heightened defense and reduced approach responses to threatening stimuli in both lesion groups. While lateral OFC lesions led to an increase in defense responses to the threatening stimuli, medial OFC lesions produced increases in defense responses to both threatening and neutral stimuli. Our findings provide insights into the neural regulation of defensive responses to threat and inform the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders in humans.
Political Identity and Challenges for Democracy Consolidation in Indonesia
Authors: Romli Lili
Published: March 2019

This study explains about the emergence of political identity in Indonesia, especially in Islamic community. As a nation, Indonesia is heterogeneous in religion, ethnicity and regionalism, so the emergence of political identity cannot be avoided. Post independence, the issue of political identity, has emerged and developed. In the reformation era, the issue of political identity not only caused horizontal conflicts, but also entered political contestation in Regent, Governor and Presidential elections. In 2017 Jakarta Governor Election, the issue of political identity arose in an effort to suppress incumbents. Likewise, with the 2018 national regional head elections, political identity emerged in some regions where candidate used ethnicity and religion –based- political issues. Entering 2019 simultaneous Election, the symptoms of the emergence of political identity have also begun to appear. In several surveys, some people were worried that the emergence of political identity would color the campaign and contestation. The emergence of this phenomenon of political identity will disrupt the future of democracy in Indonesia. Moreover, the actors who use political identity are carried out by several elites and civil society, which, in fact, are the main actors for the consolidation of democracy in Indonesia.
PERAKENDE TERAPİ
Authors: UYAR Kumru
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmanın öncelikli amacı, Türkçe literatürde yeni olan terapi tüketimi kavramının tanımlanmasıdır. Bir diğer amacı ise, kişilik özelliklerine göre perakende terapinin farklılık gösterip göstermediğini ortaya koymaktır. Türkçe literatürde perakende terapisi ile ilgili yapılmış herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanamamıştır. Çalışmada kişilik özellikleri 5 faktör kişilik özellikleri temel alınarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile yapılmış ve 386 katılımcıdan veriler yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama araçları olarak Terapi tüketim Ölçeği ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeği geçmiş çalışmalarından uyarlanarak kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS 22 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre nevrotik ve dürüst kişilik özelliklerine göre perakende terapinin farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre nevrotik ve dürüst kişilik özellikleri fazla olan bireylerin perakende terapiyi daha olumlu algıladıkları söylenebilir. Diğer kişilik özelliklerinde ise perakende tüketim açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Araştırmanın Türkçe literatüre yeni bir kavram kazandırması ve gelecekte yapılacak başka çalışmalarla konunun zenginleşmesi beklenmektedir.
THE EFFECTS OF KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT PROCESSES ON INNOVATION CAPABILITY AND NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT SUCCESS
Authors: TEKİN Zeliha , AKYOL Ayşe
Published: March 2019

Knowledge management contributes to the performance of enterprises in developing goods and services, but also serves as a tool in the development of innovation capability and in the innovation process. The aim of this research is to examine whether knowledge and innovation management has an impact on the innovation capabilities of enterprises and on the success of new products. In line with this aim, 10 enterprises that constitute the majority of the domestic market in the Turkish white goods sector have formed the universe of the research. As a sampling method, judgemental sampling method was selected, and 600 white collar employees were included in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOSS programs. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that innovation ability has a direct impact on new product success. Moreover, it has emerged that information creation, process innovation and capability innovation have directly affected innovation capability. On the other hand, inter-organizational information sharing and implementation and structural innovation have no effect on innovation capability.
ALGILANAN ÖRGÜTSEL ENGEL ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE UYARLAMASI VE İŞTE KALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: KOÇAK Daimi
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışma, Gibney vd. (2009) tarafından geliştirilen “Algılanan Örgütsel Engel” ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerliliğini test etmek ve Türkçe uyarlamasını ispatlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada algılanan örgütsel engelin işte kalma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi sosyal değişim teorisi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Araştırma verileri hizmet sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın 293 çalışanından anket yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Algılanan örgütsel engel ölçeğine yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin tek boyutlu yapısı desteklenmiştir. Ölçeğe ilişkin Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,897 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, çalışanların algılanan örgütsel engel seviyelerini ölçmek için kullanılan ölçeğin Türkiye’de güvenilir ve geçerli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma sonucunda algılanan örgütsel engelin işte kalma niyeti üzerinde negatif yönlü bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar, araştırmanın son kısmında detaylı olarak tartışılmış ve sektör yöneticilerine ve gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara önerilerde bulunulmuştur
YABANCI UYRUKLU VE TÜRKİYELİ ÖĞRENCİLERİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMLERİ
Authors: FİDAN Yahya , YILDIRAN Canan , ERCAN Sertaç
Published: March 2019

Girişimcilik coşkusu her insanda var olan bir duygudur. Fakat girişimcilik coşkusu bazı insanlarda daha fazla bulunmaktadır. Bu durum bazen coşkuyla gelen bir fikirle ya da eylemle hayat bulurken, bazen de alınan eğitim sürecinde ve sonrasında ortaya çıkmakta ve kendini daha fazla hissettirmektedir. Bu noktada üniversiteler, girişimci insanları desteklemek, donatmak belki de eksik olan cesaretlerini sağlamak ve girişimcilik coşkusunu aşılamak için önemli ve etkili kurumlardan birisidir. Girişimcilik, girişimcilik eğilimi, girişimcilik özellikleri, girişimcilik eğitimi, girişimcilerin kişilik özellikleri, girişimcilik ve üniversite öğrencileri ile ilgili literatürde birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmayı diğer çalışmalardan farklı kılan nokta ise çalışmanın, Türkiyeli öğrencilerle Yabancı Uyruklu öğrencileri karşılaştırıyor olması ve girişimcilik düşüncesi, algısı, cinsiyeti ve kişiliği yönünden Türkiyeli öğrenciler ile Yabancı Uyruklu öğrenciler arasındaki farklılıkları belirlemek için yapılmış olmasıdır. Bu kapsamda farklı ülkelerde ve farklı kültürlerde yetişen gençlerin, genç girişimci adaylarının girişimciliğe olan ilgileri ve kendilerini ne kadar girişimci olarak gördükleri değerlendirilmektedir.
BİR İLİŞKİ YÖNETİMİ OLARAK HALKLA İLİŞKİLER: ÖRGÜT VE KAMU İLİŞKİLERİNİN ÇÖZÜMLENMESİ
Authors: TUNCER Aslı İcil
Published: March 2019

İlişki yönetimi paradigması halkla ilişkilerin merkezine ilişkileri koyar ve halkla ilişkiler bu merkezle terimsel olarak da karşılığını bulur. Halkla ilişkileri ilişkilerin yönetimi olarak açıklamak paydaşlar ve kamularla kurulan ilişkilerin yapısının çözümlenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, örgütün kurduğu ilişki biçimleri, ilişkilerin örgütte nasıl algılandığı, bu ilişkileri yetiştirmek için kullanılan stratejileri ve örgütün beklediği ilişki sonuçlarını açığa çıkarmak için derinlemesine görüşmeler ile kamuların örgütün ilişkilerine yönelik deneyimleri, örgütün kurduğunu varsaydığı ilişkilerle kamuların algılamaları arasındaki aynılık/farklılığı ve bu ilişki biçimlerinden doğan bulgular ise odak grup çalışmaları ile çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tüm bulgular genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, ilişkiler açıkça örgütün merkezindedir, kamular için de ilişkiler değerlidir. İlişkilerin yetiştirilmesindeki stratejiler sonucunda, örgütün umduğu ilişki sonuçları da kamuların değerlendirmelerinde farklıdır.