bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The EU-Georgia Association Agreement: An Instrument To Support The Development Of Georgia Or Lip Service?
Authors: Kawecka-Wyrzykowska Elżbieta
Published: June 2015

On 1 September 2014, the Association Agreement (AA) between the EU and Georgia partially came into force. Its main pillar is a “deep and comprehensive free trade agreement” (DCFTA). It provides for the full liberalisation of trade in industrial products and substantial reduction of barriers in agricultural trade. A significant part of the AA is devoted to the elimination of regulatory barriers to trade (e.g. technical standards). The Agreement provides for a progressive and partial liberalisation of trade in services as well as for fast and deep elimination of barriers to capital flows. The liberalisation of the movement of workers is of a very limited scope however. Provisions of the EU–Georgia AA resemble the earlier Europe Agreements (EAs) signed by the Central and Eastern European Countries, albeit there are many differences as well. It is expected that the AA will bring about a number of advantages for Georgia, including: (a) stabilisation of its economic and legal system, thus making it more predictable for investors and more business friendly; (b) alignment of many business laws to those in the EU, which will broaden the market for Georgian products and services; (c) better implementation of business laws. The short term advantages resulting from trade liberalisation will be modest for Georgia, partly because it granted open access to its market before the AA entered into force. Implementation of the Agreement will involve adjustment costs, which are usually an inevitable part of the path to increasing exports to the huge EU market.
Non-formal Learning And The Acquisition Of Skills – How Does The EU Support Youth Employment?
Authors: Wochowska Małgorzata
Published: June 2015

In recent years the issue of youth unemployment has been identified as one of the most pressing for young people, who are affected particularly hard by the economic crisis in the European Union. In response, the EU institutions have designed and introduced a complex mix of political instruments, agencies, programmes and studies that are supposed to establish a complementary and systemic approach to education and youth policies. Youth policy, as a socioeconomic field of EU political intervention began in 2014 to be subject to a paradigm of employability and “the economy of fighting the crisis”, including issues such as non-formal and informal learning and youth work outside of schooling systems. Thus the EU policy in question has significantly shifted from “personal and cultural development, and inspiring a sense of active citizenship among young people,” as it was formulated in the Youth in Action Programme 2006-2013, towards “the acquisition of professional skills of youth workers, validation systems of non-formal learning, and greater complementarities with formal education and training”, as it is formulated in the Youth Sector of the EU programme for Education - Erasmus+ 2014-2020. The objective of this article is to provide a comparative insight into the context that frames the design of EU policies aimed at mitigating the phenomenon of unemployment among young people, and to show how this has changed in light of the new EU programming period.
The archaeological exploration on the early settlements of nomadic cultures in Tibet
Authors: Huo Wei
Published: June 2015

Along with the archaeological investigations and discoveries of the early nomadic cultures in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Tibet, new tendencies are emerging in the theories and methods of the researches on the early settlements of nomadic cultures in China, and new enlightenments for the practices of settlement archaeology. This paper tries to analyze the basic features, cultural natures, external characteristics and other factors of the settlement remains of the early nomadic cultures in Tibet with the new theories and observation methods, and examine them in the macroscopic interregional perspective, in order to induce the approaches and paradigms for the systematic researches on the ancient nomadic cultures in Tibet.
A discussion on the identity of the stone human figures unearthed at the Jinsha Site
Authors: Shi Jinsong
Published: June 2015

At the Jinsha Site excavated in Sichuan Province in 2001, a large number of precious artifacts were unearthed, including 12 stone human figures. These figures were all sculpted in a kneeling position with a V-shaped hairstyle and their hands tied behind their backs. Some scholars have regarded them as slaves or prisoners of war. In this article, the author considers that such tied figures unearthed from Jinsha and other sites should be understood as shamans. The stone tigers, stone snakes, jade
Study on the etched carnelian beads unearthed in China
Authors: Zhao Deyun
Published: June 2015

Etched carnelian beads originated in the Indus Civilization; this kind of ornaments and its manufacturing techniques were spread to the whole Eurasia Continent. The etched carnelian beads unearthed in China can be classified into four types, the comparisons of which to their foreign counterparts may reveal their different sources and diffusion routes. The etched carnelian beads and their glass imitations unearthed in China had influences to the making of the glass “eye beads” in China.
On the greenish-blue glazed pottery jug unearthed from the Eastern Han tombs at Liaowei in Hepu County, Guangxi
Authors: Huang Shan , Xiong Zhaoming , Zhao Chunyan
Published: June 2015

This paper made comparative studies on the greenish-blue glazed pottery jug unearthed from a tomb in the Liaowei Cemetery of the late Eastern Han Dynasty with the green-glazed potteries of the same time produced at home and abroad in the aspects of typological features, making techniques and chemical compositions, and drew the conclusion that this pottery jug was made in the present-day southern Iraq or southwestern Iran around 43-200 CE, which was at the time and territory of the Parthian Empire (247 BCE-226 CE), or the Anxi in the historic literature of the Han Dynasty. The studies further pointed out that this jug was transported into Hepu through the maritime route as a utensil for daily use. Because there have not been records about the maritime communication between China and Parthia, the discovery of this pottery jug in Hepu expanded our understanding to the maritime communication in the Han Dynasty, so it has important academic values.
Reexamination of the domestic chicken in ancient China
Authors: Deng Hui , Yuan Jing , Song Guoding , Wang Changsui , Eda Masaki
Published: June 2015

Through the re-analyses to the chicken bones unearthed from some archaeological sites and the trimming of the related researches, this paper pointed out that the past recognitions of the domestic chickens in ancient China were mostly questionable. Referring to the new research results and the new development in the verification methods of the ring-necked pheasant and chicken in recent years, as well as the verification of the chicken bones unearthed from the Shenmingpu Site in Xichuan County, Henan, this paper announced the importance of differentiating ring-necked pheasant and chicken from multiple skeletal parts based on the characteristics in the sense of skeletal morphology. Moreover, this paper emphasized that only with this as the foundation, the criteria for distinguishing the morphological characteristics of red jungle-fowl and domestic chicken can be established and the issue of the origin of the domestic chickens in China can be accurately and comprehensively discussed.
Riemannian metrics on Lie groupoids
Authors: del Hoyo Matias , Fernandes Rui Loja
Published: June 2015

We introduce
a notion of metric on a Lie groupoid, compatible with multiplication, and we study its properties. We show that many families of Lie groupoids admit such metrics, including the important class of proper Lie groupoids. The exponential map of these metrics allows us to establish a linearization theorem for Riemannian groupoids, obtaining both a simpler proof and a stronger version of the Weinstein–Zung linearization theorem for proper Lie groupoids. This new notion of metric has a simplicial nature which will be explored in future papers of this series.
Last occurrence of Abathomphalus mayaroensis (Bolli) foraminiferid index of the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary: the calcareous nannofossil proof
Authors: Kędzierski Mariusz , Gasiński M. Adam , Uchman Alfred
Published: June 2015

In the Gaj section (Polish Carpathians, Skole Nappe, Ropianka Formation), the Late Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy is compared with foraminiferal zonation based on the occurrence of the planktonic foraminiferid index speciesAbathomphalus mayaroensis. It appears that the LO ofA. mayaroensis, which has been used previously in the studied section as the possible K/Pg boundary indicator is located below the boundary. The disappearance ofA. mayaroensisalong with other planktonic foraminiferids before the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary mass extinction event may be a consequence of the Late Maastrichtian rapid warming pulses. Moreover, the Paleogene age cannot be supported by the FO of the benthic foraminiferidRzehakina fissistomata,because it first appears together with the nannofossilCeratolithoides kamptneri(zonal marker for the latest Maastrichtian UC20cTPZone). According to the present study, the whole studied section represents the lower Upper to the upper Upper Maastrichtian UC20bTPand UC20cTPnannofossil zones, so that it corresponds to the lower-middle part of the planktonic foraminiferalA. mayaroensisZone, which, according to the scheme by Caron (1985), should extend up to the K/Pg boundary.
The need of a win-win regulation regarding the harmonization of advantages for the renewable energy sector and the concerns about the environment
Authors: Moraru Dan
Published: June 2015

The main theme of this paper is the evolution of theories and suppositions regarding environment and growth. The sustainable green growth and the sustainable green capitalism concepts have attracted the interest and imagination of policy makers and industry, and also stimulated many exciting new ideas and practical actions such as the “triple bottom line” which refers to harmonizing and balancing out the three interests that are linked with sustainable business: economic, environmental and social ones. The policy has to create a workable association between what the government can ensure and not tax and what it cannot ensure and must tax. In this manner we get a win-win regulation meaning that both sides win. National and supranational policies are part of the macro-level governance and very relevant for the sustainable development of the EU Member States and for the stability of the EU itself.
Attractors for non-autonomous retarded lattice dynamical systems
Authors: Caraballo Tomás , Morillas Francisco , Valero José
Published: June 2015

In this paperwe study a non-autonomous lattice dynamical system with delay. Under rather general
growth and dissipative conditions on the nonlinear term,we define a non-autonomous dynamical system and
prove the existence of a pullback attractor for such system as well. Both multivalued and single-valued cases
are considered.
Crystal structure of n-butyl-chlorido-bis[benzyl(isopropyl)carbamodithioato- κ2S:S']-tin(IV), C26H37ClN2S4Sn
Authors: Muthalib Amirah Faizah Abdul , Baba Ibrahim , Halim Siti Nadiah Abdul , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: June 2015

C26H37ClN2S4Sn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 29.2206(11) Å, b = 10.6749(4) Å, c = 19.6877(7) Å, β = 104.411(4)°, V = 5947.9 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0235, wRref(F2) = 0.0545, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-µ2-(E)-5-oxo-4-((5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H- 1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-1-ide-κ3O:O:N) sodium], C4H7N8NaO4
Authors: Zhu Jiaping , Jin Shaohua , Yu Yuehai , Chen Shusen , Shu Qinghai
Published: June 2015

C4H7N8NaO4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 19.42(2) Å, b = 6.514(5) Å, c = 15.38(1) Å, β = 93.23(2)°, V = 1942.9 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0631, wRref(F2) = 0.1660, T = 293 K.
Proteomics in Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer/ Протеомика Во Дијагноза На Простатниот Карцином
Authors: Davalieva Katarina , Polenakovic Momir
Published: June 2015

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men worldwide. The introduction of prostate specific antigen (PSA) has greatly increased the number of men diagnosed with PCa but at the same time, as a result of the low specificity, led to overdiagnosis, resulting to unnecessary biopsies and high medical cost treatments.

The primary goal in PCa research today is to find a biomarker or biomarker set for clear and effecttive diagnosis of PCa as well as for distinction between aggressive and indolent cancers. Different proteomic technologies such as 2-D PAGE, 2-D DIGE, MALDI MS profiling, shotgun proteomics with label-based (ICAT, iTRAQ) and label-free (SWATH) quantification, MudPIT, CE-MS have been applied to the study of PCa in the past 15 years. Various biological samples, including tumor tissue, serum, plasma, urine, seminal plasma, prostatic secretions and prostatic-derived exosomes were analyzed with the aim of identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and developing a deeper understanding of the disease at the molecular level.

This review is focused on the overall analysis of expression proteomics studies in the PCa field investigating all types of human samples in the search for diagnostics biomarkers. Emphasis is given on proteomics platforms used in biomarker discovery and characterization, explored sources for PCa biomarkers, proposed candidate biomarkers by comparative proteomics studies and the possible future clinical application of those candidate biomarkers in PCa screening and diagnosis. In addition, we review the specificity of the putative markers and existing challenges in the proteomics research of PCa.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the Inflamatory Cytokine Genes: Interleukin-1B, Tumor Necrosis Factors-A and Tumor Necrosis Factor-B in Adult Patients with Immune / Thrombocytopenia Единечни Нуклеотидни Полиморфизми Во Цитокинските Гени: Интерлеукин-1Б, Тумор Некрозис Фактор-А И Тумор Некрозис Фактор-Б Кај Пациенти Со Имуна Тромбоцитопенија
Authors: Pavkovic Marica , Angelovic Rosica , Popova-Simjanovska Marija , Karanfilski Oliver , Trpkovska-Terzieva Slobodanka , Sotirova Tatjana , Cevreska Lidija , Stojanovic Aleksandar
Published: June 2015

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombocytopenia due to platelet autoantibodies, causing an accelerated clearance of opsonized platelets by phagocytes. The etiology of ITP remains unclear, both genetic and environmental factors may have a role in the disease development. The aim of our study was to investigate a possible association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the genes for interleukin beta (IL1B-511C/T), tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF+252G/A) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA-308G/A) with ITP. We have analyzed 125 adult patients with ITP and 120 healthy matched controls. Genotyping was performed by using PCR- RFLP methods.

Our results demonstrated significantly different genotype distributions and allele frequencies for TNFB+252G/A in patients with ITP, p = 0.005 and p = 0.009 with Yates correction. We did not find any significant differences in the genotype distribution or allele frequencies for the other two genes. We have found significantly different genotype distribution and allele frequencies for TNFA- 308G/A between patients with unresponsive and responsive ITP patients, p = 0.016 and p = 0.009. There were no significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequencies for ILB-511C/T and TNFB+252G/A polymorphisms between those two groups of patients. We did not find any significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequencies for all three polymorphisms between splenectomized and unsplenectomized ITP patients.

The obtained data indicate that the A allele of TNFB+252G/A is more frequent in these patients than in the controls and that this polymorphism may play a significant role in disease susceptibility. The A allele of TNFA-308G/A was more frequent in patients with unresponsive ITP, indicating that this gene polymorphisms may contribute to therapy resistance.
Can Oral Anaerobic Bacteria cause Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes?/ Дали Оралните Анаеробни Бактерии Можат Да Доведат До Лоши Опстетрички Исходи?
Authors: Andonova Irena , Iliev Vasil , Živković Nikica , Sušič Edita , Bego Ivana , Kotevska Vesna
Published: June 2015

Aim: Maternal periodontal infection has been recognized as a risk factor for premature and low birthweight infants. It is suspected that pathogens causing periodontal disease may translocate to the amniotic cavity and so contribute to triggering an adverse pregnancy outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of specific periodontal pathogens may influence the incidence of preterm labor and premature birth.

Material and Methods: This study was designed as a hospital-based case-control study. A total of 70 pregnant women, aged 18-40 with single live pregnancy were recruited from the Departement of Gynecolgy and Obstetrics at a General hospital in Sibenik, Croatia, between March 2013 to March 2014. The case group: 30 pregnant women who were hospitalised with signs of premature labor. Control group: 40 patients with normal pregnancy post-delivery up to 48 hrs, who had given birth at term, and the baby had a weight of more than 2500 gr. These women had undergone microbiological examination at the time of recruitment, microbial samples, paper point subgingival swabs were obtained in both groups and processed by anaerobic culturing. Standard procedures were used for culture and identification of bacteria. Information was collected on demographics, health behaviors, and obstetric and systemic diseases that may have influence the premature delivery.

Results: The levels of periodontal pathogens tended to be higher in the premature (case group) labor compared to the term deliveries (control group). Levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fuscobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces actinomycetecomitans were statistically significantly higher in premature births as compared to term deliveries, adjusting for baseline levels. The joint effects of red and orange microbial clusters were significantly higher in the premature group compared to the term group.

Conclusions: The study shows a significant association betwen periodontal anaerobic infection and adverse pregnancy outcome. High levels of periodontal pathogens during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery. Further studies elucidating the role of the microbial load and maternal immune response as related to pregnancy outcome seem merited.
MMPI for Personality Characteristics of Patients with Different Diseases / MMPI За Психолошките Разлики Кај Пациенти Со Разни Заболувања
Authors: Pop-Jordanova Nada
Published: June 2015

In the field of psychosomatic medicine the relationship between personality characteristics and diseases is supposed to be an important issue.

The aim of this article is to present group’s MMPI profiles obtained for patients with different chronic diseases and to discuss about possible specific features of these different groups.

We summarized results obtained by psychological testing of following groups of patients: adult patients treated with chronic maintenance dialysis, patients with diabetic retinopathy, general anxiety group, attack panic syndrome, parents of children with rheumatoid arthritis, as well as adolescents with mental anorexia, cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus and leukemia. Two control groups comprised adults and adolescents, both without any health problems, selected randomly. As a psychometric test MMPI-201 was used. Statistic 10 package is used for statistical analysis.

In our presentation it can be seen some typical personality characteristics for patients with chronic conditions. These findings could be helpful for clinicians concerning treatment planning and followup. In general, the MMPI helps us to obtain a global, factual picture from the self-assessment of the patient, explained in a psycho-technical language. Group’s profile could be used in clinical practice for planning treatment and to suppose the prognosis of the illness.
Depression of Neutrophil Function Followed by Severe Infection in a Child with Marasmic Kwashiorkor/ Намалување На Неутрофилната Функција Придружена Со Тешка Инфекција Кај Дете Со Маразмичен Квашиоркор
Authors: Mironska Kristina , Kareva Lidija , Stavric Katarina
Published: June 2015

Malnutrition in childhood continues to be one of the most important risk factor for secondary immunodeficiency in the world; therefore one should think of existence of malnutrition in a child suffering of frequent infections, not only in developing country, rarely but still possible in developed country also.

Undernourishment in the early childhood is a trigger for starting a vicious cycle of impaired immunity, recurrent infections, and worsening malnutrition. Taking out from that cycle is an urgent and complex process, in which in parallel the infection should be controlled and the nutritional status solved out, and then, slowly follows the restoration of the immune system.

We present a patient at the age of 13 months, with marasmic kwashiorkor accompanied by severe infection manifested with sepsis. The laboratory investigations revealed severe anaemia, hypoproteinemia and impaired immunological response, first of all neutrophil dysfunction with decreased oxidative metabolic response during the phagocytosis, paralyzed first line of defense of the organism and open possibility for bacterial or fungal invasion, multiorgan failure and high risk for fatal outcome. Because malnutrition and infections had many causes, only multiple and synergistic interventions embedded in true multisectoral programs, fortunately, were effective and got positive outcome.
Evaluation of Different in Vitro Testing Methods for Mechanical Properties of Veneer Ceramics/ Евалуација На Тестовите In Vitro За Одредување На Механичките Особини На Порцеланските Маси За Фасетирање
Authors: Mijoska Aneta , Popovska Mirjana
Published: June 2015

Metal-ceramic and all-ceramic prosthetic restorations in the patient mouth are often damaged by esthetic and functional problems that reduce their success and longevity.

Аim: To evaluate methods for testing mechanical characteristics of dental ceramics through analysis of different testing methods.

Material and methods: Dental ceramic materials are tested with in vivo and in vitro methods for their most important mechanical characteristics: hardness, toughness, flexural strength and abrasion. In vitro testing methods are faster and more efficient, without subjective factors from the patient according to ISO standards. Testing is done with universal testing machines, like Zwick 1445, Universal Testing Machine (Zwick DmbH & Co.KG, Ulm, Germany), Instron 4302 (Instron Corporation, England), MTS Sintech ReNew 1123 or in oral chewing simulators.

Results: According to the testing results, flexure strength is one of the most important characteristic of the dental ceramic to be tested, by the uniaxial and biaxial tests. Uniaxial tests three-point and four-point flexure are not most appropriate because the main stress on the lower side of the tested specimens is tension that causes beginning fractures at the places with superficial flow. Uniaxial results for flexural strength are lower than actual force, while with biaxial test defects and flows on the edges of tested specimens are not directly loaded.

Conclusion: Biaxial flexural method has advantages over uniaxial because of real strength results, but also for simple shape and preparing of the testing specimens.
Traumatic spine injuries in children. Experience on 434 cases and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Tascu A. , Exergian Fl. , Daniel S. , Iliescu A. , Pascal C. , Popescu G. , Iencean St.M.
Published: June 2015

Traumatic spine injuries in pediatric patients have a low incidence, mainly due to a more flexible spine and is a specific matter in comparison to spinal injury in adults. Pediatric spine fractures constitute 1 to 3% of all pediatric fractures. Between 20 % and 60% of the fractures occur in the lumbar and thoracic spine. These spine injury appeared most frequently in sport events, followed by traffic events and accidental falling. The vast majority of the children with spinal trauma had grade D and E lesions on Frankel scale and had a good recovery in 1 to 3 months after the event. Prognosis and outcome is better in children with spine trauma, reducing toward adolescence and in young adults and the death rate was extremely low compared to the adult population
Intraoperative neuronavigation integrated high resolution 3D ultrasound for brainshift and tumor resection control
Authors: Giovani A. , Brehar F. , Bucur Narcisa , Martin D. , Gorgan R.M.
Published: June 2015

INTRODUCTION: The link between the neurosurgeon’s knowledge and the scientific improvements made a dramatic change in the field expressed both in impressive drop in the mortality and morbidity rates that were operated in the beginning of the XXth century and in operating with high rates of success cases that were considered inoperable in the past. Neuronavigation systems have been used for many years on surgical orientation purposes especially for small, deep seated lesions where the use of neuronavigation is correlated with smaller corticotomies and with the extended use of transulcal approaches. The major problem of neuronavigation, the brainshift once the dura is opened can be solved either by integrated ultrasound or intraoperative MRI which is out of reach for many neurosurgical departments. METHOD: The procedure of neuronavigation and ultrasonic localization of the tumor is described starting with positioning the patient in the visual field of the neuronavigation integrated 3D ultrasonography system to the control of tumor resection by repeating the ultrasonographic scan in the end of the procedure. DISCUSSION: As demonstrated by many clinical trials on gliomas, the more tumor removed, the better long term control of tumor regrowth and the longer survival with a good quality of life. Of course, no matter how aggressive the surgery, no new deficits are acceptable in the modern era neurosurgery. There are many adjuvant methods for the neurosurgeon to achieve this maximal and safe tumor removal, including the 3T MRI combined with tractography and functional MRI, the intraoperative neuronavigation and neurophysiologic monitoring in both anesthetized and awake patients. The ultrasonography integrated in neuronavigaton comes as a welcomed addition to this adjuvants to help the surgeon achieve the set purpose. CONCLUSION: With the use of this real time imaging device, the common problem of brainshift encountered with the neuronavigation systems is covered and any eventual tumor residue can be spotted by ultrasonography and resected
Liponeurocytoma of Cerebellum: rare entity, case based study
Authors: Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Mahapatra A.K.
Published: June 2015

Cerebellar liponeurocytoma (LNC) is a very rare neuroepithelial tumor. About thirty eight cases have been reported, in literature till date, mostly in the form of isolated case reports due to rarity of the occurrence. Authors report interesting case in 27-year old male presented with headache and cerebellar signs. MRI imaging revealed posterior fossa mass. He underwent sub occipital ctraniectomy with gross total resection of lesion. Histopathological report of specimen was consistent with liponeurocytoma with range of MIb index less than three. He is under regular follow-up. However he was not advised any adjuvant therapy. Diagnosis of LNC requires high index of suspicion and neuroimaging with typical MRI findings may be help to confirm the diagnosis. The tumor needs to be differentiated from medulloblastoma, which is far more common and aggressive and requires post-operative chemo-radiation and carries poor prognosis Management and pertinent literature will be reviewed
Migration and Sub-galeal coiling of distal components of V-P shunt in a 2-year-boy: Does Electrical stimulation as part of physiotherapy is cause or casual association?
Authors: Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Mahapatra A.K.
Published: June 2015

The ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt surgery in resource constrained centre still remains, most common form of treatment for hydrocephalus. The V. P. shunt complications can occur along entire course of shunt, distal complications are obstruction of catheter, cerebrospinal fluid ascites, abscess and ulceration of skin. However, total cranial migration and getting coiled in subgaleal space, of peritoneal catheter end is very rare occurrence and is reported in only seven cases as isolated case- report in western literature, further more rare is associated extrusion of ventricular catheter and rarer is subgaleal coiling of both peritoneal and ventricular end. Author reports a rare and unique case of complete migration of peritoneal catheter into subgaleal space in a 2-year old boy associated, with partial extrusion of ventricular end, the child was also given electric stimulation by untrained physiotherapist along the shunt tract, which might have facilitated cranial migration of distal catheter in our case. Pertinent literature is briefly reviewed
Labour Taxation – A Comparative Study
Authors: Radu Claudia Florina , Dumiter Florin , Opret Laura
Published: June 2015

In our paper we aim to analyze the tax wedge between labor costs and net wage, this being the main indicator for assessing the tax burden on labor. We analyze the components of the tax wedge and its evolution in time, in the OECD countries and in Romania. In this way we can get an image of the total labor cost, observing that our country belongs to countries where labor taxes have a very high level. Thus, from our analysis we showed that in Romania the tax wedge is around 42%, while the OECD average was only 35.9%. In these circumstances it is necessary to adopt certain measures for shifting the tax burden from labor to other tax bases, with the purpose of a fiscal relaxation of labor income
„Zurück zu Schleiermacher! und von Schleiermacher aus vorwärts!“
Authors: Hege Brent A. R.
Published: June 2015

As dialectical theology rose to prominence in the years following World War I, the new theologians sought to distance themselves from liberalism in a number of ways, an important one being a rejection of Schleiermacher’s methods and conclusions. In reading the history of Weimar-era theology as it has been written in the twentieth century one would be forgiven for assuming that Schleiermacher found no defenders during this time, as liberal theology quietly faded into the twilight. However, a closer examination of this period reveals a different story. The last generation of liberal theologians consistently appealed to Schleiermacher for support and inspiration, perhaps none more so than Georg Wobbermin, whom B. A. Gerrish has called a “captain of the liberal rearguard.” Wobbermin sought to construct a religio-psychological method on the basis of Schleiermacher’s definition of religion and on his “Copernican turn” toward the subject and resolutely defended such a method against the new dialectical theology long after liberal theology’s supposed demise. A consideration of Wobbermin’s appeals to Schleiermacher in his defense of the liberal program reveals a more complex picture of the state of theology in the Weimar period and of Schleiermacher’s legacy in German Protestant thought.
Friedrich Schleiermachers Erwählungslehre und ihre Fortschreibung in der Theologie Karl Barths
Authors: Gockel Matthias
Published: June 2015

The article compares the doctrine of election in the theology of Friedrich Schleiermacher, particularly his magisterial essay on the topic from 1819, and the theology of Karl Barth between 1920 and 1925. It argues that both positions are strikingly similar, in regard to both their critical evaluation of the tradition and their constructive proposals for a new foundation. Both theologians offer a theocentric reassessment that shuns the particularism of previous approaches and affirms the unity of the divine will. Schleiermacher defends the Augustinian-Calvinist view of election as a bulwark against Manichaeism and Pelagianism. Still, he criticizes the idea of eternal damnation and argues that the concept of reprobation instead should be understood as a temporal ‘passing over’. The kingdom of God is realized gradually, not in one instant. Similarly, for Barth predestination is not a pre-temporal decree that divides human beings into two separate groups of persons but is actualized ever anew in history, when God’s address entails the miracle of faith through the work of the Holy Spirit. The twofold possibility of faith and unbelief is constitutive for the human encounter with God, and it concerns believers and unbelievers alike, since no person is forever exclusively elect or reprobate. Barth also insists that the relation between reprobation and election is non-dualistic and teleological: predestination is a movement
„Politische Romantik“ und „Sozialistische Entscheidung“.
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm
Published: June 2015

Little is known on the history of reception of Carl Schmitt's works by Christian theologians. One trace can, however, be identified: it leads us back to Paul Tillich, who began using the term “Politische Romantik” (political romanticism) no later than the early 1930s. The present contribution demonstrates this fact by citing a key text of Tillich's, the 1932 essay entitled “Sozialistische Entscheidung” (socialist decision). One of the central insights lies in the fact that this text was not, as is usually assumed by extant research on Tillich, subjected to Nazi book burnings, was not even banned, but remained on the shelves relatively unscathed. This can be shown by looking at the inventories of domestic and foreign libraries.
Theologie der Vernunft.
Authors: Wenz Gunther
Published: June 2015

Pannenberg's thought intends the unity of faith and reason. This is attested by a hitherto unpublished lecture dealing with the topic „Theology of reason” from the year 1969. It develops a typology of different understandings of reason, and drafts the main features of Pannenberg's theological system.
Power and Empire in the Study of Nineteenth-Century Theology: The Case of Schleiermacher
Authors: Rieger Joerg
Published: June 2015

Friedrich Schleiermacher’s work appears in new perspective when examined in the context of his little-known studies of far-away countries such as Australia and its inhabitants as well as the “colonial phantasies” of his time. His views of the Jewish religion and its practitioners can also be reassessed in this light. As the connections between the flows of power and ideas are examined, a deeper understanding of Schleiermacher’s theology emerges both in terms of its limitations and its potential. This deeper understanding also throws new light on more overarching matters in Schleiermacher research, such as the character of his philosophical method and his hermeneutic.
“Bruno Reincarnate”The Early Feuerbach on God, Love and Death
Authors: Gooch Todd
Published: June 2015

This essay analyzes the central role played by the concept of love in Feuerbach’s early pantheistic idealism as articulated principally in his first book,
Gleichung mit (zu?) vielen Unbekannten: Nachhaltige Bankenstrukturen durch Sanierungs- und Abwicklungsplanung?
Authors: Binder Jens-Hinrich
Published: June 2015

Detaillierte Vorgaben für die Erstellung von Sanierungs- und Abwicklungsplänen sind ein Kernbestandteil des neuen, inzwischen EU-weit harmonisierten Rechtsrahmens für die Bewältigung von Bankeninsolvenzen. Der vorliegende Beitrag lotet die Dimension der damit eröffneten Kompetenzen für die präventive Einwirkung insbesondere auf grenzüberschreitende Gruppen von Finanzintermediären und deren Potenzial für die Schaffung nachhaltiger Unternehmensstrukturen im Finanzsektor aus, illustriert aber auch die auf diesem Weg zu bewältigenden Unwägbarkeiten.
Der Vorschlag einer EU-Verordnung zu Indizes bei Finanzinstrumenten (Benchmark-VO)
Authors: Spindler Gerald
Published: June 2015

Die Skandale um die Manipulation des LIBOR und des EURIBOR, die ein vorher nicht gekanntes Ausmaß angenommen haben, führten zu unverzüglichen Reaktionen der verschiedenen Gesetzgeber. Mittlerweile liegt auch ein Vorschlag von Kommission und Rat zur Regulierung der sog. Benchmarks vor, der ausführlich analysiert wird.
Die Verjährung im Anlegerschutzrecht
Authors: Harnos Rafael
Published: June 2015

Im Dezember 2011 hat eine Klagewelle die deutschen Gerichte und Gütestellen überflutet. Enttäuschte Anleger wollten ihre Investitionsentscheidungen rückgängig machen und haben den Zeitpunkt nicht rein zufällig gewählt: Nach dem seit 2002 geltenden Verjährungsrecht mussten Anleger, die in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren investiert haben, ihre potentiellen Ansprüche spätestens zum Ende des Jahres 2011 aktiv verfolgen, um sie nicht faktisch zu verlieren. Inzwischen erreichen immer mehr Verfahren die Berufungs- und Revisionsinstanzen, so dass die Anzahl der veröffentlichten Entscheidungen erheblich gestiegen ist. Der Beitrag ordnet systematisch die jüngst ergangenen Judikate und setzt sich mit ihnen vertieft auseinander.
Bitcoin als Evolution des Geldes: Herausforderungen, Risiken und Regulierungsfragen
Authors: Lerch Marcus P.
Published: June 2015

Bitcoin sind als prominenteste Vertreter einer privaten virtuellen Währung in den Fokus der internationalen Regulierungsbehörden geraten. Der nachfolgende Beitrag zeigt die Herausforderungen der rechtlichen Erfassung dieses digitalen Geldes auf und plädiert in der Debatte um eine schärfere Regulierung des Bitcoin-Netzwerks für Zurückhaltung.
Pediatric Liver Transplant Center Volume and the Likelihood of Transplantation
Authors: Rana Abbas , Pallister Zachary , Halazun Karim , Cotton Ronald , Guiteau Jacfranz , Nalty Courtney C. , O’Mahony Christine A. , Goss John A.
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND:

Low case volume has been associated with poorer surgical outcomes in a multitude of surgical procedures. We studied the association among low case volume, outcomes, and the likelihood of pediatric liver transplantation.

METHODS:

We studied a cohort of 6628 candidates listed in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network for primary pediatric liver transplantation between 2002 and 2012; 4532 of the candidates went on to transplantation. Candidates were divided into groups according to the average volume of yearly transplants performed in the listing center over 10 years: >15, 10 to 15, 5 to 9, and <5. We used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with bootstrapping on transplant recipient data and identified independent recipient and donor risk factors for wait-list and posttransplant mortality.

RESULTS:

38.5% of the candidates were listed in low-volume centers, those in which <5 transplants were performed annually. These candidates had severely reduced likelihood of transplantation with only 41% receiving a transplant. For the remaining candidates, listed at higher volume centers, the transplant rate was 85% (P < .001). Being listed at a low-volume center was a significant risk factor in multivariate Cox regression analysis for both wait-list mortality (hazard ratio, 3.27; confidence interval, 2.53–4.23) and posttransplant mortality (hazard ratio, 2.21; confidence interval, 1.43–3.40).

CONCLUSIONS:

38.5% of pediatric transplant candidates are listed in low-volume transplant centers and have lower likelihood of transplantation and poorer outcomes. If further studies substantiated these findings, we would advocate consolidating pediatric liver transplantation in higher volume centers.
Kamrai tachycardiák katéterablatiós kezelése
Authors: Mihálcz Attila , Szili-Török Tamás , Tóth Kálmán
Published: June 2015

Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias emerged significantly as standard therapy in the past 20 years. In this review recent advances in catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias are discussed. The authors first present in details the technical aspects of ablation strategies, main indications and contraindications of ventricular tachycardia ablation and the necessary pre- and postinterventional diagnostic tests. Outcome is also discussed in different forms of ventricular tachycardias in detail. The authors summarize the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias. They recommend that ablation of ventricular tachycardias should be considered earlier in patients with and without structural heart disease. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(25), 995–1002.
Új lehetőség a daganatos fájdalom csillapításában Magyarországon: rövid hatású major analgetikumok
Authors: Kullmann Tamás , Sipőcz István , Csikós Ágnes , Pintér Tamás
Published: June 2015

Short acting oral morphine has recently been registered again in Hungary. Short acting oral morphine has two essential indications: dose titration at initiation of major analgesic therapy and treatment of breakthrough pain appearing beside round the clock major analgesic therapy. The clinical management of short acting oral morphine is summarised in this article. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(25), 1003–1006.
Újszülöttkorban és később végzett primer artériás switchműtétek eredményei egy újonnan létrehozott, átfogó congenitalis szívközpontban
Authors: Király László , Tamás Csaba
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Outcome of arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with/without ventricular septal defect is a service key-performance-indicator. Aim: The aim of the authors was to assess patient characteristics and parameters in the perioperative course. Method: In the setting of a newly-established, comprehensive tertiary-care center, primary complete repair was performed including associated anomalies, e.g. transverse arch repairs. Patients with d-transposition were grouped according to coexistence of ventricular septal defect. Results: 118 arterial switch operations were performed between 2007 and 2014 with 96.62% survival (114/118). Ventricular septal defect and repair of associated anomalies did not yield worse outcome. Left ventricular re-training with late presentation necessitated mechanical circulatory support for 4.5±1.5 days. Conclusions: D-transposition is suitable for standardization of clinical algorithm and surgical technique. Quality standards contribute to excellent outcomes, minimize complications, and serve as blueprint for other neonatal open-heart procedures. Availability of mechanical circulatory support is key for single-stage left ventricular re-training beyond the neonatal period. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(25), 1014–1019.
A genetikai diabeteskockázat hatása a csontanyagcsere–energia-háztartás kapcsolatokra
Authors: Fék Attila , Buday Barbara , Kovács Györgyi , Vitai Márta , Vecsei Zsuzsa , Pauer József , Literáti-Nagy Botond , Bezzegh Katalin , Péterfai Éva , Korányi László
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of bone fractures, and the connection between bone remodeling and carbohydrate homeostasis is decoupled. It is not known whether these phenomena are the consequence of the deteriorating glucose metabolism, and the increasing insulin resistance or they belong to the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes. Aim: The aim of the authors was to clarify the impact of genetic risk on bone and carbohydrate homeostasis connections. Method: Hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamps, and oral and iv. glucose loads were done to select 18 metabolically healthy females with first degree type 2 diabetic relatives -and 26 without diabetic relatives. Results: The connections between total body glucose utilization and the activity of the bone metabolic unit were missing in healthy females with the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes, like in those with manifest diabetes. In this risk group the level of low-density-large molecular sized LDL lipids were decreased, while the high-density LDL group with low molecular size was increased. The latter change was in significant connection with increased interleukin-6 levels and increased bone resorption within the bone metabolic unit. Conclusions: These data suggest that the missing connection between glucose and bone metabolism is not the consequence of the developing insulin resistance and deteriorating glucose metabolism, but rather it belongs to the inherited diabetes risk. The etiology of this early alteration, which develops prior to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance is unknown and needs further investigations. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(25), 1007–1013.
Reliability Study of Organic Light-emitting Diodes by Continuous-wave and Pulsed Current Stressing
Authors: Li X. M. , Acharya R. , Zhang Y. Q. , Cao X. A.
Published: June 2015

The stability of green phosphorescent OLEDs with different structures was evaluated through constant-current stressing. Through the modifications of the ITO anode by different plasma treatments and the hole transport layer (HTL) by incorporating inorganic dopants, we proved that energy level misalignment at the ITO/HTL interface leads to localized joule heating, accelerating defect generation and luminescence decay. Pulsed current stressing was then employed to suppress the joule-heating effect so as to differentiate the thermal and nonthermal factors governing the device degradation. For OLEDs with a large energy barrier at the ITO/HTL interface, the effective lifetime was markedly increased under pulsed operation, whereas in OLEDs with an appropriate interfacial energy level alignment, pulsed stressing with 10% duty cycle only improved the effective half life by ∼15% as compared to continuous-wave stressing, indicating a minor role played by joule heating.
Long-term Stability of Mixed Perovskites
Authors: Sarswat Prashant K , Free Michael L
Published: June 2015

Long term stability of mixed perovskite compounds is one of the important concerns for prolonged viability and economical use of perovskite based solar cells. Degradation in perovskite films mainly occurs due to exposure to moisture. Hence, a controlled atmospheric condition and lower humidity is preferred for device fabrication and use. Many different strategies such as use of thin and wide band gap semiconductor layer, improvement in pour filling of metal oxide film, and utilization of AgTFSI have been attempted to improve device stability. However, for long term durability, there is an urgent need to increase stability of parent perovskite layer, apart from use of protective layers. In this study we examined water resistant additive, structural modifications, and stoichiometric modification for enhanced film durability. These strategies and preliminary results are discussed in this report.
Collado de los Jardines. Nuevas propuestas para la caracterización de su proceso histórico
Authors: Rueda Galán Carmen , Gutiérrez Soler Luis María , Bellón Ruiz Juan Pedro
Published: June 2015

Se presentan los resultados relacionados con la ocupación medieval del Collado de los Jardines (Santa Elena, Jaén). Las intervenciones realizadas por Juan Cabré e Ignacio Calvo establecieron una hipótesis sobre el proceso histórico del asentamiento, la cual se ha mantenido hasta nuestros días. La destrucción continuada del sitio y el aislamiento al que estuvo sometido por parte de la propia investigación científica, centrada en el estudio de los exvotos de bronce ibéricos, han sido algunos de los factores que han ocasionado que se mantuviesen los presupuestos establecidos a comienzos del siglo XX. Nuestra propuesta de revisión parte de la ejecución de una microprospección superficial y en el análisis historiográfico del conjunto de investigaciones realizadas en el mismo. La misma establece la reducción de la extensión de la ocupación ibérica frente a la documentación de un amplio asentamiento emiral en la cima y ladera sureste del Cerro del Castillo.