bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In situ measurement of CO2 and CH4 from aircraft over northeast China and comparison with OCO-2 data
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Duan Minzheng , Gao Yang , Han Rui , Ji Denghui , Zhang Wenxing , Chen Nong , Xia Xiangao , Liu Hailei , Huo Yanfeng
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Several satellites have been launched to monitor the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, especially CO2 and CH4 in the atmosphere, through back-scattered hyperspectral radiance in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band. The vertical profiles of greenhouse gases and aerosol could strongly affect the results from these instruments. To investigate the effects of the vertical distribution of CO2 on uncertainty in SWIR satellite retrieval results, we conducted observations of the vertical profiles of CO2, CH4, and aerosol particles at 0.6–7 km above sea level using a Beechcraft King Air 350ER in Jiansanjiang (46.77° N, 131.99° E), Heilongjiang province, Northeast China, on August 7–12, 2018. The profiles from this aircraft captured a decrease in CO2 from 2 km to the minimum altitude due to uptake from vegetation at the surface in summer. CH4 measurements showed an average 0.5 ppm increase from 2.0 to 0.6 km, which may result from emissions from the large area of paddy fields below, and a constant mole fraction between 1.951 and 1.976 ppm was recorded at 2 km and above. Comparison of CO2 profiles from a new version of the carbon cycle data assimilation system Tan-Tracker (v1), retrievals from OCO-2 and aircraft measurements was conducted. The results from OCO-2 and the assimilation model system Tan-Tracker captured the vertical structure of CO2 above 3 km, whereas below 3 km, the values from OCO-2 and Tan-Tracker model were lower than those from in situ measurements. Column-averaged CO2 volume mixing ratios calculated from in situ measurements showed biases of −2.39 ± 2.02 ppm and −0.61 ± 0.49 % compared to OCO-2 retrievals.
Benchmarking and Parameter Sensitivity of Physiological and Vegetation Dynamics using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) at Barro Colorado Island, Panama
Authors: Koven Charles D. , Knox Ryan G. , Fisher Rosie A. , Chambers Jeffrey , Christoffersen Bradley O. , Davies Stuart J. , Detto Matteo , Dietze Michael C. , Faybishenko Boris , Holm Jennifer , Huang Maoyi , Kovenock Marlies , Kueppers Lara M. , Lemieux Gregory , Massoud Elias , McDowell Nathan G. , Muller-Landau Helene C. , Needham Jessica F. , Norby Richard J. , Powell Thomas , Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P. , Shuman Jacquelyn K. , Swann Abigail L. S. , Varadharajan Charuleka , Walker Anthony P. , Wright S. Joseph , Xu Chonggang
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Plant functional traits determine vegetation responses to environmental variation, but variation in trait values is large, even within a single site. Likewise, uncertainty in how these traits map to Earth system feedbacks is large. We use a vegetation demographic model (VDM), the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), to explore parameter sensitivity of model predictions, and comparison to observations, at a tropical forest site: Barro Colorado Island in Panama. We define a single 12-dimensional distribution of plant trait variation, derived primarily from observations in Panama, and define plant functional types (PFTs) as random draws from this distribution. We compare several model ensembles, where individual ensemble members vary only in the plant traits that define PFTs, and separate ensembles differ from each other based on either model structural assumptions or non-trait, ecosystem-level parameters, which include: (a) the number of competing PFTs present in any simulation, and (b) parameters that govern disturbance and height-based light competition. While single-PFT simulations are roughy consistent with observations of productivity at BCI, increasing the number of competing PFTs strongly shifts model predictions towards higher productivity and biomass forests. Different ecosystem variables show greater sensitivity than others to the number of competing PFTs, with the predictions that are most dominated by large trees, such as biomass, being the most sensitive. Changing disturbance and height-sorting parameters, i.e. the rules of competitive trait filtering, shifts regimes of dominance or coexistence between early and late successional PFTs in the model. Increases to the extent or severity of disturbance, or to the degree of determinism in height-based light competition, all act to shift the community towards early-successional PFTs. In turn, these shifts in competitive outcomes alter predictions of ecosystem states and fluxes, with more early-successional dominated forests having lower biomass. It is thus crucial to differentiate between plant traits, which are under competitive pressure in VDMs, from those model parameters that are not, and to better understand the relationships between these two types of model parameters, to quantify sources of uncertainty in VDMs.
seNorge_2018, daily precipitation, and temperature datasets over Norway
Authors: Lussana Cristian , Tveito Ole Einar , Dobler Andreas , Tunheim Ketil
Published: October 2019

Abstract. seNorge_2018 is a collection of observational gridded datasets over Norway for daily total precipitation: daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures.
The time period covers 1957 to 2017, and the data are presented over a high-resolution terrain-following grid with 1 km spacing in both meridional and zonal directions.
The seNorge family of observational gridded datasets developed at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway) has a 20-year-long history and seNorge_2018 is its newest member, the first providing daily minimum and maximum temperatures.
seNorge datasets are used for a wide range of applications in climatology, hydrology, and meteorology.
The observational dataset is based on MET Norway's climate data, which have been integrated by the “European Climate Assessment and Dataset” database.
Two distinct statistical interpolation methods have been developed, one for temperature and the other for precipitation.
They are both based on a spatial scale-separation approach where, at first, the analysis (i.e., predictions) at larger spatial scales is estimated. Subsequently they are used to infer the small-scale details down to a spatial scale comparable to the local observation density.
Mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures are interpolated separately; then physical consistency among them is enforced.
For precipitation, in addition to observational data, the spatial interpolation makes use of information provided by a climate model.
The analysis evaluation is based on cross-validation statistics and comparison with a previous seNorge version.
The analysis quality is presented as a function of the local station density.
We show that the occurrence of large errors in the analyses decays at an exponential rate with the increase in the station density.
Temperature analyses over most of the domain are generally not affected by significant biases.
However, during wintertime in data-sparse regions the analyzed minimum temperatures do have a bias between 2 ∘C and 3 ∘C.
Minimum temperatures are more challenging to represent and large errors are more frequent than for maximum and mean temperatures.
The precipitation analysis quality depends crucially on station density: the frequency of occurrence of large errors for intense precipitation is less than 5% in data-dense regions, while it is approximately 30 % in data-sparse regions.
The open-access datasets are available for public download at daily total precipitation (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2082320, Lussana, 2018b); and daily mean (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2023997, Lussana, 2018c), maximum (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2559372, Lussana, 2018e), and minimum (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2559354, Lussana, 2018d) temperatures.
PHYTOBASE: A global synthesis of open ocean phytoplankton occurrences
Authors: Righetti Damiano , Vogt Meike , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Gruber Nicolas
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Marine phytoplankton are responsible for half of the global net primary production and perform multiple other ecological functions and services of the global ocean. These photosynthetic organisms comprise more than 4300 marine species, but their biogeographic patterns and the resulting species diversity are poorly known, mostly owing to severe data limitations. Here, we compile, synthesize, and harmonize marine phytoplankton occurrence records from the two largest biological occurrence archives (Ocean Biogeographic Information System; OBIS, and Global Biodiversity Information Facility; GBIF) and three recent data collections. The resulting PhytoBase data set contains over 1.36 million phytoplankton occurrence records (1.28 million at the level of species) for a total of 1711 species, spanning the principal groups of the Bacillariophyceae, Dinoflagellata, and Haptophyta as well as several other groups. This data compilation increases the amount of marine phytoplankton records available through the single largest contributing archive (OBIS) by 65 %. Data span all ocean basins, latitudes and most seasons. Analyzing the oceanic inventory of sampled phytoplankton species richness at the broadest spatial scales possible, using a resampling procedure, we find that richness tends to saturate in the pantropics at ~ 93 % of all species in our database, at ~64% in temperate waters, and at ~ 35 % in the cold Northern Hemisphere, while the Southern Hemisphere remains underexplored. We provide metadata on the cruise, research institution, depth and date of collection for each record, and we include cell-counts for 195 339 records. We strongly recommend consideration of global spatiotemporal biases in sampling intensity and varying taxonomic sampling scopes between research cruises or institutions when analyzing the occurrence database. Including such information into statistical analysis tools, such as species distribution models may serve to project the diversity, niches, and distribution of species in the contemporary and future ocean, opening the door for a quantification of macroecological phytoplankton patterns. PhytoBase can be downloaded from PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904397 (Righetti et al., 2019a).
CHLSOC: The Chilean Soil Organic Carbon database, a multi-institutional collaborative effort
Authors: Pfeiffer Marco , Padarian José , Osorio Rodrigo , Bustamante Nelson , Olmedo Guillermo Federico , Guevara Mario , Aburto Felipe , Antilen Monica , Araya Elías , Arellano Eduardo , Barret Maialent , Barrera Juan , Boeckx Pascal , Briceño Margarita , Bunning Sally , Cabrol Lea , Casanova Manuel , Cornejo Pablo , Corradini Fabio , Curaqueo Gustavo , Doetterl Sebastian , Duran Paola , Escudey Mauricio , Espinoza Angelina , Francke Samuel , Fuentes Juan Pablo , Fuentes Marcel , Gajardo Gonzalo , García Rafael , Gallaud Audrey , Galleguillos Mauricio , Gomez Andres , Hidalgo Marcela , Ivelic-Sáez Jorge , Mashalaba Lwando , Matus Francisco , Mora Maria de la Luz , Mora Jorge , Muñoz Cristina , Norambuena Pablo , Olivera Carolina , Ovalle Carlos , Panichini Marcelo , Pauchard Aníbal , Perez-Quezada Jorge F. , Radic Sergio , Ramirez José , Riveras Nicolas , Ruiz German , Salazar Osvaldo , Salgado Ivan , Seguel Oscar , Sepúlveda María , Sierra Carlos , Tapia Yasna , Toledo Balfredo , Torrico José Miguel , Valle Susana , Vargas Ronald , Wolff Michael , Zagal Erick
Published: October 2019

Abstract. One of the critical aspects in modelling soil organic carbon (SOC) predictions is the lack of access to soil information which is usually concentrated in regions of high agricultural interest. In Chile, most soil and SOC data to date is highly concentrated in 25 % of the territory that has intensive agricultural or forestry use. Vast areas beyond those forms of land use have few or no soil data available. Here, we present a new database of SOC for the country, which is the result of an unprecedented national effort under the frame of the Global Soil Partnership that help to build the largest database on SOC to date in Chile named “CHLSOC" comprising 13,612 data points. This dataset is the product of the compilation from numerous sources including unpublished and difficult to access data, allowing to fill numerous spatial gaps where no SOC estimates were publicly available before. The values of SOC compiled in CHLSOC range from 6×10−5 to 83.3 percent, reflecting the variety of ecosystems that exists in Chile. Profiting from the richness of geochemical, topographic and climatic variability in Chile, the dataset has the potential to inform and test models trying to predict SOC stocks and dynamics at larger spatial scales. Dataset available at https://www.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NMYS3 (Pfeiffer et al., 2019b).
Tracking water masses using passive-tracer transport in NEMO v3.4 with NEMOTAM: application to North Atlantic Deep Water and North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water
Authors: Stephenson Dafydd , Müller Simon , Sévellec Florian
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Water mass ventilation provides an important link between the atmosphere and the global ocean circulation. In this study, we present a newly developed, probabilistic tool for offline water mass tracking. In particular, NEMOTAM, the tangent-linear and adjoint counterpart to the NEMO ocean general circulation model, is modified to allow passive-tracer transport. By terminating dynamic feedbacks in NEMOTAM, tagged water can be tracked forward and backwards in time as a passive dye, producing a probability distribution of pathways and origins, respectively. Upon contact with the surface, the tracer is removed from the system, and a record of ventilation is produced. Two test cases are detailed, examining the creation and fate of North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (NASMW) and North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) in a 2°ree; configuration of NEMO run with repeated annual forcing for up to 400 years. NASMW is shown to have an expected age of 4.5 years, and is predominantly eradicated by internal processes. A bed of more persistent NASMW is detected below the mixed layer with an expected age of 8.7 years It is shown that while model NADW has two distinct outcrops (in the Arctic and North Atlantic), its formation primarily takes place in the subpolar Labrador and Irminger seas. Its expected age is 112 years.
Testing the truncation of travel times with StorAge Selection functions using deuterium and tritium as tracers
Authors: Rodriguez Nicolas B. , Pfister Laurent , Zehe Erwin , Klaus Julian
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Catchment travel time distributions (TTDs) are an efficient concept to summarize the time-varying 3-dimensional transport of water and solutes to an outlet in a single function of water age and to estimate catchment storage by leveraging information contained in tracer data (e.g. 2H and 3H). It is argued that the increasing use of the stable isotopes of O and H compared to tritium as tracers has truncated our vision of streamflow TTDs, meaning that the long tails associated with old water are neglected. However, the reasons for the truncation of the TTD tails are still obscured by methodological and data limitations. In this study, we went beyond these limitations and tested the hypothesis that streamflow TTDs calculated using only deuterium (2H) or only tritium (3H) are different. We similarly tested if the mobile catchment storage (derived from the TTDs) associated with each tracer is different. For this we additionally constrained a model successfully developed to simulate high-frequency stream deuterium measurements with about 30 stream tritium measurements over the same period (2015–2017). We used data from the forested headwater Weierbach catchment (42 ha) in Luxembourg. The streamflow TTDs were estimated in unsteady conditions by using both tracers coherently within a framework based on StorAge Selection (SAS) functions. We found equal TTDs and equal mobile storage between the 2H- and 3H-derived estimates. The truncation hypothesis was thus rejected. The small differences we found could be explained by the calculation uncertainties and by a limited sampling frequency for tritium. Using both stable and radioactive isotopes of H as tracers reduced the age and storage uncertainties. Although tritium and stable isotopes had redundant information about younger water, using both tracers better exploited the more specific information about longer ages that 3H inherently contains, and it could be even better in the next decades. The two tracers thus had overall different information contents. Tritium was however slightly more informative and cost-effective than stable isotopes for travel time analysis. We thus reiterate the call of Stewart et al. (2012) to measure tritium in the streams for travel time analysis, and emphasize the need for high-frequency tritium sampling in future studies to match the resolution in stable isotopes.
Assessment and Projection of Water Budget over Western Canada using Convection Permitting WRF Simulations
Authors: Kurkute Sopan , Li Zhenhua , Li Yanping , Huo Fei
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Water resources in cold regions in western Canada face severe risks posed by anthropogenic global warming as evapotranspiration increases and precipitation regimes shift. Although understanding the water cycle is key in addressing climate change issues, it is difficult to obtain high spatial and temporal resolution observations of hydroclimatic processes, especially in remote regions. Climate models are useful tools for dissecting and diagnosing these processes, especially, convection-permitting (CP) high-resolution regional climate simulation provides advantages over lower-resolution models by explicitly representing convection. In addition to better representing convective systems, higher spatial resolution also better represents topography and mountain meteorology, and highly heterogeneous geophysical features. However, there is little work with convection-permitting regional climate models conducted over western Canada. Focusing on the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan river basins, this study investigated the surface water budget and atmospheric moisture balance in historical and RCP8.5 projections using 4-km CP Weather Research and Forecast (WRF). We compared the high-resolution 4-km CP WRF and three common reanalysis datasets: NARR, JRA-55, and ERA-Interim. High-resolution WRF out-performs the reanalyses in balancing the surface water budget in both river basins with much lower residual terms. For the pseudo-global warming scenario at the end of the 21st century with RCP8.5 radiative forcing, both the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan river basins show increases in the amplitude for precipitation and evapotranspiration and a decrease in runoff. The Saskatchewan river basin shows a moderate increase of precipitation in the west and a small decrease in the east. Combined with a significant increase of evapotranspiration in a warmer climate, the Saskatchewan river basin would have a larger deficit of water resources than in the current climate based on the PGW simulation. The high-resolution simulation also shows the difference of atmospheric water vapour balance in the two river basins is due to flow orientation and topography differences at the western boundaries of the two basins. The sensitivity of water vapour balance to fine-scale topography and atmospheric processes shown in this study demonstrates that high-resolution dynamical downscaling is important for large-scale water balance and hydrological cycles.
Residence Time of Energy in the Atmosphere
Authors: Osácar Carlos , Membrado Manuel , Fernández-Pacheco Amalio
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In atmospheric chemistry, a parameter called residence time is defined for each gas as T = M/F, where M represents the mass of the gas in the atmosphere and F is the total average influx or outflux, which in time averages are equal. In this letter we extend this concept from matter to energy which is also a conservative quantity and estimate the average residence time of energy in the atmosphere which amounts to about 56 days. A similar estimation for the residence time of energy in the Sun is of the order of 107 yr, which agrees with the Kelvin-Helmholtz time scale.
Kinematic response of ice-rise divides to changes in ocean and atmosphere forcing
Authors: Schannwell Clemens , Drews Reinhard , Ehlers Todd A. , Eisen Olaf , Mayer Christoph , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The majority of Antarctic ice shelves are bounded by grounded ice rises.
These ice rises exhibit local flow fields that partially oppose the
flow of the surrounding ice shelves. Formation of ice rises is
accompanied by a characteristic upward-arching internal stratigraphy
(“Raymond arches”), whose geometry can be analysed to infer information
about past ice-sheet changes in areas where other archives such as rock
outcrops are missing. Here we present an improved modelling framework to
study ice-rise evolution using a satellite-velocity calibrated,
isothermal, and isotropic 3-D full-Stokes model including grounding-line
dynamics at the required mesh resolution (<500 m). This overcomes
limitations of previous studies where ice-rise modelling has been
restricted to 2-D and excluded the coupling between the ice shelf and ice
rise. We apply the model to the Ekström Ice Shelf, Antarctica, containing
two ice rises. Our simulations investigate the effect of surface mass
balance and ocean perturbations onto ice-rise divide position and
interpret possible resulting unique Raymond arch geometries. Our results
show that changes in the surface mass balance result in immediate and
sustained divide migration (>2.0 m yr−1) of up to 3.5 km. In contrast,
instantaneous ice-shelf disintegration causes a short-lived and delayed
(by 60–100 years) response of smaller magnitude (<0.75 m yr−1). The model
tracks migration of a triple junction and synchronous ice-divide
migration in both ice rises with similar magnitude but differing rates.
The model is suitable for glacial/interglacial simulations on the
catchment scale, providing the next step forward to unravel the
ice-dynamic history stored in ice rises all around Antarctica.
On the Green’s function emergence from interferometry of seismic wavefields generated in high-melt glaciers: implications for passive imaging and monitoring
Authors: Sergeant Amandine , Chmiel Malgorzata , Lindner Fabian , Walter Fabian , Roux Philippe , Chaput Julien , Gimbert Florent , Mordret Aurélien
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Ambient noise seismology has revolutionized seismic characterization of the Earth's crust from local to global scales. The elastic Green's function (GF) between two receivers can be reconstructed via cross-correlation of the ambient noise seismograms. An homogenized wavefield illuminating the propagation medium in all directions is a pre-requesite for obtaining accurate GF. For seismic data recorded on glaciers, this condition imposes strong limitations on GF convergence, because of minimal seismic scattering in homogeneous ice. We address this difficulty by investigating three patterns of seismic wavefields: a favourable distribution of icequakes and noise sources recorded on a dense array of 98 sensors on Glacier d'Argentière (France), a dominant noise source constituted by a moulin within a smaller seismic array on the Greenland ice-sheet, and crevasse-generated scattering at Gornergletscher (Switzerland). In Glacier d'Argentière, surface melt routing through englacial channels produces turbulent water flow creating sustained ambient seismic sources and thus favorable conditions for GF estimates. From the velocity measurements of reconstructed Rayleigh waves, we invert bed properties and depth profiles, and map seismic anisotropy, which is likely introduced by crevassing. In Greenland, we employ an advanced pre-processing scheme which include match-field processing and eigenspectral equalization of the cross-spectra to remove the moulin source signature and reduce the effect of inhomogeneous wavefields on the GF. At Gornergletscher, cross-correlations of icequake coda waves show evidence for homogenized wavefields. Optimization of coda correlation windows further promotes the GF convergence. This study presents new processing schemes on suitable array geometries for passive seismic imaging and monitoring of glaciers.
CFD based design of diffuser augmented wind turbines
Authors: Vehid Ertem
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines (DAWTs) are promising regarding energy costs by increasing the energy output without changing the rotor size. The project focuses on numeric investigations of the Generalized Actuator Disc (GAD)theory. This study aims to develop a new diffuser augmented wind turbine by following existing diffuser design concepts which are diffuser with single-element and diffuser with multi-elements. It consists of two main parts: the design of diffuser and the design of rotor. The numeric investigations for diffuser design were carried out on the Star-CCM+. Rotor geometries, which were designed with an edited version of Glauert Optimization Method, concluded the evaluation of the optimized diffuser designs by comparing the performance increase. A steady-BEM code, which was adopted to model diffuser augmented turbines, was used in the process. It is found that all the design options result in significant performance increases in comparison to the bare rotor. However, the single-element diffuser is the optimum design, among others, due to its high-performance increase with less design complexity.
DEL LIBERALISMO A LA PARIDAD: TRES MODELOS PARA PENSAR EL MATRIMONIO, EL DIVORCIO Y LA PATERNIDAD
Authors: Jaramillo Sierra Isabel C.
Published: October 2019

Los libros de doctrina o tratados pocas veces se hacen cargo de todas las consideraciones teóricas que están involucradas en exponer una materia. Estas consideraciones, por consiguiente, tienden a volverse una rutina que se repite sin muchas consecuencias. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar tres modelos con los que dentro de nuestra tradición, la latinoamericana, se han pensado las reglas sobre matrimonio, divorcio y paternidad. El fin último es enriquecer el debate contemporáneo sobre la reforma de estas reglas al proporcionar herramientas, argumentos y perspectivas sobre los límites y oportunidades de cada modelo.
LA NOCIÓN DE PRINCIPIOS JURÍDICOS EN LA TEORÍA DEL DERECHO DE HERMANN HELLER
Authors: Vita Leticia
Published: October 2019

Aunque la discusión sobre los principios jurídicos encuentra su punto de quiebre con las obras de Ronald Dworkin y Robert Alexy, la cuestión reconoce desarrollos anteriores y encuentra una de sus formulaciones más profundas en reacción al pensamiento jurídico positivista de entreguerras. En este trabajo destacamos los aportes del jurista socialdemócrata Hermann Heller a la teoría de las normas que, a diferencia de los que hizo a la teoría del Estado, permanecen en un lugar olvidado. Se reconstruye su concepción del derecho con el fin de mostrar que sus ideas sobre la estructura del sistema jurídico y los fundamentos de los principios jurídicos dan cuenta de la relación entre derecho y poder en los Estados constitucionales modernos y del rol de los jueces en una democracia, al tiempo que resultan precursoras de las que desarrollaría con posterioridad Robert Alexy.
LA CRÍTICA DE LOS BINARIOS Y EL RETO DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN EN EL CASO DEL DIVORCIO
Authors: Beltrán y Puga Alma
Published: October 2019

Este ensayo repasa los principales debates feministas en torno al divorcio para analizar cómo se ha intervenido en el derecho de familia a favor de las mujeres, mostrando las críticas a las reformas del divorcio sin causa y las posibilidades de redistribuir mejor los bienes, el cuidado y los afectos después de la separación. Se argumenta que la crítica feminista ha identificado ciertos binarios culturales (familia/mercado; trabajo productivo/reproductivo; marido-proveedor/esposa-dependiente) que operan en el derecho, particularmente en las reformas sobre el divorcio, pero ha faltado más trabajo crítico para analizar sus efectos cuando se adoptan o se producen por las normas jurídicas. Se propone que el derecho está metido en la cultura por la puerta de atrás: a través de normas que actúan como telón de fondo y que tienen consecuencias tanto jurídicas como materiales y simbólicas. Se concluye que la desigualdad de género se produce también por los efectos distributivos de los binarios que operan en el orden simbólico-cultural y que éstos deben ser tomados en cuenta cuando se piense intervenir jurídicamente para cambiar dicho orden. El ensayo aborda las reformas del divorcio en Estados Unidos y México.
Does Capital Structure Affects Firms’ Performance in Ghana? Panel Data Analysis
Authors: MacCarthy John , Ahulu Helena
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the effect of capital structure on the firms’ performance. The study collected data from seventeen firms listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2018. A quantitative research technique is used to collect data to test two hypotheses. Panel data regression is employed to determine the effect of capital structure on firms’ performance. The study revealed that short-term debt and total debt accounted for 67% and 76.3% respectively of capital used to finance the operations for the period. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is significant and negative relationship between capital structures and firms’ performance. The study concludes that firms should minimise the use of debt capital and rather concentrate on equity capital to finance their operations. The study recommends that firms should increase sales and invest in tangible assets to maximise the firms’ performance.
Tillage systems and nitrogen timings effect on growth, stay green and grain quality in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Wasaya Allah , Tahir Muhammad , Yasir Tauqeer Ahmad , Javed Muhammad Mansoor , Raza Muhammad Ali , Akram Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Nitrogen (N), being mobile in soil is exposed to various losses owing to unwise use of nitrogen fertilizer, and conventional soil and crop management practices which can be minimized by temporal nitrogen application and different tillage practices. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different tillage systems and nitrogen timings on growth, stay green and grain quality in maize. Three tillage systems viz. T1: tillage with cultivator, T2: mouldboard plough + 2-cultivations, T3: chisel plough + 2-cultivations; and five nitrogen timings viz. N1: whole at sowing, N2: ½ at sowing+½ at V5 (5-leaf stage), N3: ½ at sowing+½ at tasseling, N4: ½ at V5+½ at tasseling, N5: 1/3 at sowing+1/3 at V5+1/3 at tasseling). Tillage systems and nitrogen application had significant effect on leaf area per plant, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio. Tillage systems had non-significant effect on stay green and grain quality parameters except for oil contents. However, nitrogen timings had significant effect on chlorophyll a, b and total contents as well as grain quality parameters. The higher a, b and total chlorophyll contents were noted with three splits i.e. 1/3 at sowing+1/3 at V5+1/3 at tasseling compared with other treatments. The results suggest to grow maize by preparing the field through chisel plough and applying N in three splits to improve its growth, chlorophyll contents and grain quality.
The benefit mindset: The psychology of contribution and everyday leadership
Authors: Buchanan Ashley , Kern Margaret L.
Published: October 2019

This paper explores the significance of mindset in shaping a future of greater possibility. One’s mindset reflects personally distinguishable attitudes, beliefs and values, which influence one’s ability to learn and lead, and to achieve and contribute. Bringing together two areas of research – a “being well” perspective from positive psychology and a socially and ecologically orientated “doing good” perspective – the Benefit Mindset is presented as a mutually supportive model for promoting wellbeing on both an individual and a collective level. It builds upon Dweck’s Fixed and Growth Mindset theory, by including the collective context in which an individual resides. The Benefit Mindset describes everyday leaders who discover their strengths to make valuable contributions to causes that are greater than the self, leaders who believe in making a meaningful difference, positioning their actions within a purposeful context. We argue that creating cultures of contribution and everyday leadership could be one of the best points of leverage we have for simultaneously bringing out the best in people, organizations and the planet.
The Role of Learning Organization Dimensions on Enhancing Knowledge Creation: The Case of Commercial Banks Working in Jordan
Authors: Hourani Nadera
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, through the competitive business, creativity and innovation are essential elements that lead organizations to generate concepts of value, worth and be in the racetrack of worldwide competition. There was an urgent need to emerge new concepts that strengthen and fasten the speed of developing business. Important concepts are Learning Organization and Knowledge Creation, both together ensure acquiring life skills and professional stability and security through facilitating the learning process. The current study tries to seek answers that identify and explore the role of learning organization dimensions on enhancing knowledge creation. The sample consisted of all executives working in (10) commercial banks operating in Jordan featuring (134) individuals. The study found that learning organization dimensions have impact on enhancing knowledge creation. Thus, commercial banks seek to improve the team dynamics, build their skills and experiences, and builds a high performing team which reflects on the positively on the banks, and helping them to continue running effectively. The findings suggest further research must be considered about other units of analysis.
Testeren onder vier ogen
Authors: Bauduin N.V.C.E.
Published: October 2019

Testeren onder vier ogen

In recente tuchtrechtspraak komt naar voren dat zowel de (voor)bespreking als het passeren van een uiterste wil in de regel onder vier ogen moet plaatsvinden. Het is namelijk een van de kernverantwoordelijkheden van de notaris om in te staan voor een vrije en onafhankelijke wilsvorming van de erflater. De notaris dient alert te zijn op mogelijke beïnvloeding door derden, die een belang bij het testament hebben. Ook het risico van non-verbale beïnvloeding – bijvoorbeeld doordat derden weliswaar niet aan het gesprek deelnemen, maar wel in dezelfde ruimte aanwezig zijn – moet worden voorkomen.
Geospatial modeling approaches for mapping topsoil organic carbon stock in northern part of Mongolia
Authors: M Samdandorj , Ts Purevdorj
Published: October 2019

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the most important indicators of soil quality and agricultural productivity. This paper presents the application of Regression Kriging (RK), geographically weighted regression (GWR) and Geographically Weighted Regression Kriging (GWRK) for prediction of topsoil organic carbon stock in Tarialan. A total of 25 topsoil (0-30 cm) samples were collected from Tarialan soum of Khuvsgul aimag in Mongolia. In this study, seven independent variables were used including normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), normalised difference moisture index (NDMI), land surface temperature (LST) and terrain factors (DEM, Slope, Aspect). We used root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean error (ME) and determination coefficient (R2) to evaluate the performance of these methods. Validation results showed that performance of the GWRK, GWR, and RK approaches were good with not only low values of root-mean-square error (1.38 kg/m2, 1.48 kg/m2, 0.69 kg/m2), mean error (0.28 kg/m2, -0.22 kg/m2, 0.17 kg/m2) but also high values of R2 (0.76, 0.72, 0.94). The estimated SOC stock values ranged from 0.28-16.26 kg/m2, 0.72–15.24 kg/m2, 0.16–15.83 kg/m2 using GWRK, GWR, RK approaches in the study area. The highest average SOC stock value was in the wetland (6.47 kg/m2, 6.08 kg/m2, 6.44 kg/m2) and the lowest was in cropland (1.63 kg/m2, 1.48 kg/m2, 1.80 kg/m2) using these approaches. According to the validation, GWRK, GWR, and RK approaches produced satisfactory results for estimating and mapping SOC stock. However, Regression Kriging was the best model, followed by GWRK and GWR to predict topsoil organic carbon stock in Tarialan.
Climate biocapacity of Mongolia and its change
Authors: L Natsagdorj , B Munkhbat , P Gomboluudev
Published: October 2019

This paper has looked into the estimated results of climate biocapacity in Mongolia. The soil moisture supply was assessed through annual precipitation, Shashko’s humidity coefficient, Selyainov’s heat-moisture coefficient and Ivanov-Mezentsev climate biological productivity index. Finally, their long-term trends have been considered as well. The results are consistent with vegetation zones, summer mean pasture yield and existing arable farming region in the country. Therefore, the results are applicable in Mongolia’s conditions. Also, the heat supply during growing season is estimated by daily average temperature, which fluctuates from 5 and 10oC in spring and autumn respectively, the sum total of effective and active temperature. Since 1960, the growing season in the country has lengthened by 3 weeks and the sum of active temperature above 10oC has increased by 80-90oC, although the moisture supply of vegetation is weakening and moreover, climate biocapacity is decreasing.
Um Novo Serviço de Gerenciamento de Tráfego para ITS baseado em Computação em Névoa
Authors: Brennand Celso A. R. L. , Pereira Geraldo
Published: October 2019

Frustrações, perdas monetárias, perda de tempo, alto consumo de combustível e emissões de CO2 são um dos principais problemas causados por engarrafamento nos centros urbanos. Com o intuito de sanar tal problema, este artigo propõe o uRbAN - Rotemento veiculAr na Névoa, um serviço de tráfego para controlar os congestionamentos nos centros urbanos. O uRbAN visa reduzir os problemas gerados por um engarrafamento de forma distribuída para sugestão de novas rotas para os veículos. Ao contrário dos trabalhos da literatura, o uRbAN é modelado usando o paradigma da computação em névoa. Com isso, é possível aproveitar os aspectos inerentes de tal paradigma, tais como baixa latência, balanceamento de carga, escalabilidade, a importância da localização geográfica dos dados e a redução do uso da largura de banda. Para validar o uRbAN, nossa avaliação de desempenho foi realizada em um cenário urbano realístico. Quando comparado com outros trabalhos relacionados, o uRbAN apresenta uma redução no tempo de parada em até 70%, na emissão de CO2 em até 29%, no planning time index em até 49% com um desempenho satisfatório no tempo de resposta.
Caracterização de Desempenho de uma Rede LoRa em Ambientes Urbanos: Simulação vs. Prática
Authors: Molano Ortiz Fernando , Almeida Thales , Ferreira Ana Elisa Leitão Alonso , Costa Luis Henrique Maciel Kosmalski
Published: October 2019

A LoRa, uma tecnologia de baixa potência e longo alcance, possibilita o sensoriamento em Cidades Inteligentes aumentando a cobertura, e reduzindo a infraestrutura da rede. No entanto, a literatura sobre a LoRa carece de avaliações de simulação, estando limitada à experimentação de um número reduzido de dispositivos físicos. Devido ao surgimento de implementações em software da arquitetura LoRaWAN, é necessário verificar a equivalência entre experimentos práticos e simulados. Com foco neste objetivo, este trabalho compara os resultados da experimentação usando dispositivos físicos LoRa e simulações usando o software NS-3. Os resultados mostram que existe uma forte correlação entre as métricas avaliadas em cada um dos ambientes. Simulações usando um modelo de propagação estocástico adaptado mostram que elas são semelhantes aos experimentos reais, com resultados equivalentes para todos os testes de desempenho, usando os parâmetros de configuração da LoRa.
IMAIoT - Infrastructure Monitoring Agent for IoT: Um Agente Monitor de Infraestruturas para Ambientes de IoT
Authors: Heideker Alexandre , Ottolini Dener , Zyrianoff Ivan , Kleinschmidt João , Kamienski Carlos
Published: October 2019

O conceito Internet da Coisas (IoT) é caracterizado pela presença de um número muito grande de dispositivos ligados à Internet, o que inclui ambientes urbanos, industriais e de agricultura. O gerenciamento e monitoramento destes dispositivos, virtuais ou físicos, em múltiplas plataformas de hardware e software, representa um grande desafio. Há soluções disponíveis no mercado, porém, específicas para certos domínios e plataformas e, em sua maioria, proprietárias e pouco personalizáveis. Apresentamos o IMAIoT, uma ferramenta para monitoramento de infraestruturas que utiliza protocolos e arquitetura altamente escalável de IoT para disponibilizar suas métricas. A versatilidade da ferramenta permite monitorar desde máquinas reais em um datacenter até dispositivos com como nós de computação em névoa.
Participatory Social Sensor: A Framework to Social Media Data Acquisition and Analysis
Authors: Araújo Ígor , Rettore Paulo H. L. , Maia Guilherme
Published: October 2019

Compreender a mobilidade urbana, o sentimento das pessoas e os comportamentos sociais têm sido o foco de muitas pesquisas e investimentos. Devido ao custo de se criar uma infraestrutura de sensores em uma dada área, dados que descrevem vários aspectos das cidades têm se tornado restrito à empresas privadas, grupos de pesquisadores e governos. Nesse cenário, o uso de LBSM fornece uma nova maneira de compreender os comportamentos sociais a partir do ponto de vista do usuário. Diante disso, propomos o uso de LBSM como sensor participatório e desenvolvemos o PSS, um framework amigável e de código aberto para aquisição e análise de dados de mídia social. Desenvolvemos um processo de aquisição e análise de dados do Twitter, visando guiar pesquisadores em suas aplicações através de uma configuração de entrada estruturada, onde é especificada a área, intervalo temporal, tags e outros parâmetros. O resultado é um conjunto de análises visuais que descrevem uma visão geral do contexto, permitindo aos pesquisadores e estudantes conduzir seus projetos, focando somente nos problemas principais de pesquisa e os ajudando a tomar decisões.
TrendsBot: Verificando a veracidade das mensagens do Telegram utilizando Data Stream
Authors: Santos Wellison R. M. , Xavier Marcus R. , da Cunha David C. P. , M. Júnior José C. F. , Adauto Daniel A. R. , Ferraz Carlos A. G.
Published: October 2019

As notícias falsas, conhecidas como Fake News, são criadas e compartilhadas em larga escala por meio de aplicativos como WhatsApp e Telegram. O compartilhamento em massa dessas notícias nesses aplicativos é causado pelo impacto do título, juntamente com a facilidade de compartilhamento e também pela falta de um método de verificação. Portanto, fica evidente a necessidade de uma ferramenta que facilite o julgamento da integridade das notícias. Este trabalho propõe o TrendsBot: um bot para Telegram capaz de coletar evidências através do Twitter e portais de notícias, dando suporte aos usuários em uma verificação rápida dessas notícias. O bot consulta as palavras-chave através de áudios transcritos ou textos enviados a um grupo, recolhe evidências relacionadas com essas palavras e as relaciona com os termos da notícia.
RDNA: Arquitetura Definida por Resíduos para Redes de Data Centers
Authors: Liberato Alextian Bartholomeu , Martinello Magnos , Ribeiro Moisés Renato Nunes
Published: October 2019

O design do datacenter caminha rumo ao paradigma da computação de borda, motivado pela necessidade de aproximar os recursos da nuvem aos usuários finais. No entanto, a arquitetura SDN não oferece nenhuma orientação para o design de micro Datacenters suficiente para atender aos requisitos complexos e rigorosos das redes 5G. Isso ocorre porque a SDN canônica não possui uma distinção clara entre as partes funcionais desta rede, como elementos de núcleo e de borda. Além disso, não há desacoplamento entre o roteamento e a política de rede. Na tese, apresentamos a Arquitetura Definida por Resíduos (RDNA) como uma nova abordagem para habilitar recursos-chave como comunicação ultra-confiável e de baixa latência em redes DC. A RDNA explora a programabilidade do Sistema Númerico de Resíduos (RNS) como um conceito fundamental para definir um modelo de encaminhamento minimalista para os elementos de núcleo. Em vez de encaminhar pacotes com base em operações clássicas de pesquisa na tabela, os switches núcleo não possuem tabelas e encaminham os pacotes usando apenas o resto da operação de divisão (módulo). Resolvendo um sistema de congruência de resíduos representando uma topologia de rede, descobrimos os algoritmos e suas propriedades matemáticas para projetar o sistema de roteamento RDNA que: (i) suporta comunicação unicast e multicast, (ii) fornece rotas resilientes com proteção para toda a rota e (iii) é escalável para topologias Clos de 2 camadas. Implementações experimentais em Mininet e NetFPGA SUME mostram que o encaminhamento na RDNA alcança 600 ns de latência por salto com nenhum jitter nos elementos de núcleo e tempo de recuperação de falha em sub-milissegundos.
A Prediction-based Approach for Anomaly Detection in the Cloud
Authors: Dalmazo Bruno L. , Vilela João P. , Curado Marilia P.
Published: October 2019

This document provides an at-a-glance view of the main contributions of my Ph.D. work. This work aims at improving security and trustworthiness of cloud computing environments by developing a model for predicting cloud network traffic, an approach for detecting anomalies in cloud network traffic that relies on traffic prediction, as well as a mechanism for aggregating similar alarms from an IDS in the context of the cloud network traffic. All the benefits and drawbacks of the contributions were demonstrated in realistic simulations using data from real network traces. Furthermore, the evaluations were conducted with well-known metrics and the results show that all the proposed mechanisms were able to outperform similar proposals in literature.
Mininet-WiFi: Plataforma de Emulação para Redes sem Fio Definidas por Software
Authors: Fontes Ramon dos Reis , Rothenberg Christian Esteve
Published: October 2019

As redes sem fio definidas por software (SDWN) têm demonstrado ser uma abordagem atrativa e promissora que permite desacoplar as funções de controle de rádio do plano de dados, como gerenciamento de espectro, gerenciamento de mobilidade e gerenciamento de interferências. Apesar dos diversos esforços em prol de uma definição clara voltada para SDWN, muitas questões permanecem abertas a partir de múltiplas perspectivas, sendo uma delas a efetiva experiência e a prototipagem rápida de componentes de software candidatos e aplicáveis em implementações do mundo real. Para este fim, a emulação realista dos ambientes SDWN tem o potencial de impulsionar os esforços de pesquisa e desenvolvimento através da reutilização de protocolos e pilhas de aplicativos existentes, imitando o comportamento de redes sem fio reais. Nessa perspectiva, esta tese apresenta uma discussão sobre esse tema com foco no emulador de redes sem fio Mininet-WiFi, principal produto desta tese, com o objetivo de fornecer uma plataforma de experimentação de alta fidelidade para as redes sem fio.
Uma estratégia de leilões combinatórios para provisionamento de serviços virtualizados
Authors: Vieira Vanessa S. , Aquino Andre L. L.
Published: October 2019

Neste trabalho, estudamos o uso de uma estratégia de leilões baseada em teoria dos jogos para provisionamento de serviços virtualizados em redes móveis. Essa estratégia visa absorver as demandas de pico de clientes de serviços móveis. Nesse sentido, utilizamos uma estratégia global para auxiliar as operadoras na escolha de quais nós estarão recebendo os serviços requisitados; e uma local para escolher nós que servirão de elementos de borda provendo serviço aos nós que não possuem acesso à infraestrutura. Os resultados mostraram que nossa abordagem beneficia a operadora e o cliente mantendo o equilíbrio do sistema.