bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La « trahison » d'Armand-Louis de Caulaincourt : l'éthique d'un diplomate à la fin du Premier Empire
Authors: Varlan Olivier
Published: October 2014

Longtemps considéré comme un modèle de fidélité à Napoléon, Armand de Caulaincourt (1773- 1827), principal diplomate de la fin du Premier Empire, se voit accusé de trahison par les historiens du début du XX e siècle qui estiment qu’il aurait fourni des informations à la Russie, notamment en 1813. Même si les sources sont insuffisantes pour démêler totalement cette affaire, il apparaît que l’idée d’une trahison est à fortement nuancer. Plutôt que par des intérêts personnels, le comportement de Caulaincourt est en effet dicté par une éthique cohérente : quelles que soient les dérives de son action, c’est au nom de sa conception de la véritable fidélité due à son maître qu’il essaye de le contraindre à la paix et de préserver ainsi son œuvre.
A Right to Interfere : lutte contre la traite et création d'un espace régional de droit dans le golfe Arabo-Persique sous domination britannique (vers 1820-vers 1880)
Authors: Crouzet Guillemette
Published: October 2014

L’épisode de la lutte contre la traite dans le golfe Arabo-Persique constitue un moment important dans l’histoire de l’impérialisme de Londres et des Indes dans cette zone de l’Empire. Cet article s’attache à éclairer comment, alors que la Grande-Bretagne est devenue depuis la fin du XVIII e siècle une puissance abolitionniste globale, le golfe fut à partir des années 1820-1830 le théâtre du combat de Londres et du Gouvernement des Indes contre le trafic d’êtres humains. Mais il est aussi montré comment en associant les puissances régionales à cette lutte, Londres et le gouvernement anglo-indien utilisèrent le « prétexte » de la traite, qu’ils combattirent avec des « outils » pluriels, traités signés avec les sheiks et certaines puissances politiques, comme le shah de Perse, patrouilles de navires-, pour accroître leur domination sur l’espace du Golfe.
Philosophie et diplomatie : le Saint-Siège et l'invention du concept de « puissance morale »
Authors: Ferragu Gilles
Published: October 2014

Dans le contexte de la Question romaine (1870-1929), c’est-à-dire d’une remise en cause de la souveraineté même du Saint-Siège, privé de son territoire, l’invention, puis la revendication d’une « puissance morale » furent une manière de réaffirmer cette souveraineté contestée. Fondé sur des prémices philosophiques – l’affirmation du néo-thomisme –, ce discours renouvelle la conception même de la puissance et éclaire, jusqu’à nos jours, la politique extérieure du Saint-Siège.
Léon Bourgeois aux conférences de La Haye de 1899 et 1907 : solidarisme et démocratisation des relations internationales
Authors: Jeannesson Stanislas
Published: October 2014

Léon Bourgeois dirige la délégation française aux deux conférences de La Haye de 1899 et de 1907. C’est pour lui l’occasion de transposer des individus aux États les principaux éléments de sa philosophie solidariste, de jeter les bases d’une future société des nations et d’œuvrer à la démocratisation des relations internationales. Il y parvient notamment en introduisant dans ces relations la notion de devoir , et donc d’obligation morale, et en faisant adopter en 1907 le principe de l’arbitrage obligatoire. Ces deux conférences multilatérales lui permettent également d’expérimenter, souvent dans l’improvisation, les pratiques nouvelles d’une diplomatie désormais mondialisée.
De l'album qui voulait savoir s'il était un livre... contemporain
Authors: Hamaide-Jager Éléonore
Published: October 2014

En réaction aux ressources nombreuses et majoritairement encore inexploitées du numérique, plusieurs créateurs d’albums empruntent et renouvèlent certaines voies très traditionnelles de la narration, de l’usage de la double page et de sa tourne pour (re)définir le livre à l’adresse des petits enfants. La construction d’un métadiscours sur l’acte de lire se double d’une exhibition de la matérialité du livre et de sa construction, laissant apparaitre les étapes de sa création et invitant le lecteur à en faire l’achèvement par sa lecture. Si l’illusion référentielle est partiellement rompue, notamment par les apparitions teintées d’ironie des auteurs au sein de la diégèse, c’est pour mieux réinscrire le rôle du lecteur d’album dans la construction du sens.
Algérie, pause dans les mobilisations féministes ?
Authors: Lalami Feriel
Published: October 2014

En Algérie, les mobilisations féministes, si vigoureuses dans les années 1980-1990, semblent marquer le pas. Le mouvement des femmes se serait-il éteint dans des activités moins politiques ? Quand on examine la situation des années 2000, on constate que les violences extrêmes et les limitations des libertés collectives qui les ont accompagnées ont contraint le mouvement à adopter une stratégie de survie qui lui permet de continuer d’exister, de maintenir vivaces les revendications d’égalité entre les sexes et même d’élargir son terrain d’action.
Les féminismes marocains contemporains. Pluralité et nouveaux défis
Authors: Alami M’Chichi Houria
Published: October 2014

Au Maroc, les différentes vagues du féminisme, nées et développées dans un contexte de contrôle politique plus ou moins autoritaire selon les périodes, ont accompli un travail considérable de mobilisation et de réflexion. Elles ont dénoncé et analysé les discriminations subies par les femmes et formulé des revendications pour les combattre. Malgré les obstacles et les difficultés, elles ont imposé la légitimité de la question de l’égalité. Dans cette longue lutte, elles ont d’abord incarné « le » féminisme. Aujourd’hui, leur statut n’est plus le même. Les révoltes de 2011, qui sont une phase de crise, ont en effet mis en scène une pluralité de féminismes révélatrice de l’existence d’autres façons de concevoir et de vivre la place des femmes dans la société. La question centrale posée concerne les confrontations entre « le » féminisme historique et les autres féminismes qui s’affirment : un féminisme pragmatique qui se veut moderne, réaliste et ancré dans le vécu local, le féminisme islamique qui revendique également son enracinement dans les valeurs locales en invoquant la centralité de la religion et le féminisme des jeunes dont les modes d’engagement refusent les hiérarchies des anciennes. Les conséquences de cette diversité du ou des féminismes sont au centre de cette contribution qui cherche en dernier ressort à identifier les défis à affronter par le mouvement social des femmes marocaines pour maintenir leur action et construire un autre avenir.
Heritage – Contemporary Uses of Culture beyond the Everyday? Challenging Ethnography and Cultural Analysis
Authors: Tschofen Bernhard
Published: October 2014

Based on the premise that, today, “doing culture” has to be understood as both “acting in culture” and “acting with culture”, this paper discusses new perspectives on the complex field of cultural heritage. Using examples from dialect research as well as museum and heritage studies, it points out a conscious usage of culture in everyday life and states the need for a more elaborate understanding of the concepts of culture and the way they are perceived, negotiated and used by different actors.
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Na podlagi izhodišča, da moramo danes zvezo »delati/ustvarjati kulturo« razumeti hkrati kot »delovati v kulturi« in »delovati s kulturo«, prispevek obravnava nove perspektive na kompleksnem področju kulturne dediščine. Z zgledi iz raziskav narečij, muzejev in dediščinskih študij opozarja na zavestno rabo kulture v vsakdanjem življenju in ugotavlja potrebo po bolj iztanjšanem razumevanju konceptov kulture in načina, kako kulturo dojemajo, obravnavajo in uporabljajo različni akterji.
The Year 1968 in the Memory of One Generation
Authors: Vrzgulová Monika
Published: October 2014

The paper presents initial findings of research carried out among a same-age cohort (respondents born between the years 1938-1950) in the same town. The objective was to collect biographical narratives concerning the lives of the youth in the 1960s. The paper focuses on interpretations of respondents’ leisure time activities within a chosen urban area and their reflections on the invasion of the town on the part of occupation armies.
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Članek predstavlja prva dognanja raziskave, ki je potekala v starostni skupini (rojeni med letoma 1938 in 1950) v istem kraju. Namen je bil zbrati biografske pripovedi o življenju mladih v 60. letih 20. stoletja. Prispevek se osredinja na njihove interpretacije dejavnosti v prostem času v mestnem okolju in premisleke o vdoru zasedbene vojske v mestu.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Cancer
Authors: Kuan Emma Lo , Ziegler Steven F.
Published: October 2014

Originally shown to promote the growth and activation of B cells, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is now known to have wide-ranging effects on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lineages. These include dendritic cells, basophils, mast cells, B cells, epithelial cells, and CD4+, CD8+, and NK T cells. Although TSLP’s role in the promotion of Th2 responses has been studied extensively in the context of lung- and skin-specific allergic disorders, it is becoming increasingly clear that TSLP may impact multiple disease states within multiple organ systems. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the surprising role of TSLP in the control of a variety of cancers, both solid tumors and leukemia, in which the TSLP/TSLP receptor axis was shown to be an important regulator.
Discrimination of Static and Dynamic Spectral Patterns by Children and Young Adults in Relationship to Speech Perception in Noise
Authors: Rayes Hanin , Sheft Stanley , Shafiro Valeriy
Published: October 2014

Past work has shown relationship between the ability to discriminate spectral patterns and measures of speech intelligibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of both children and young adults to discriminate static and dynamic spectral patterns, comparing performance between the two groups and evaluating within- group results in terms of relationship to speech-in-noise perception. Data were collected from normal-hearing children (age range: 5.4-12.8 years) and young adults (mean age: 22.8 years) on two spectral discrimination tasks and speech-in-noise perception. The first discrimination task, involving static spectral profiles, measured the ability to detect a change in the phase of a low-density sinusoidal spectral ripple of wideband noise. Using dynamic spectral patterns, the second task determined the signal-to-noise ratio needed to discriminate the temporal pattern of frequency fluctuation imposed by stochastic lowrate frequency modulation (FM). Children performed significantly poorer than young adults on both discrimination tasks. For children, a significant correlation between speech-in-noise perception and spectral- pattern discrimination was obtained only with the dynamic patterns of the FM condition, with partial correlation suggesting that factors related to the children’s age mediated the relationship.
Impact of caring for people living with HIV on the psychosocial well-being of palliative caregivers
Authors: Valjee Lavashni , Van Dyk Alta C.
Published: October 2014

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a serious public health issue, and it is often the caregivers who carry the brunt of the epidemic. Caregivers of people with AIDS face distinctive demands that could make them more prone to occupational stress, with serious consequences for their psychosocial well-being. The impact of caring for people living with HIV infection on the psychosocial well-being of palliative caregivers was investigated using in-depth interviews and questionnaires in 28 participants. The results indicated no burnout, but occupational stress was prevalent. Factors impacting negatively on well-being were stressors inherent in AIDS care, such as suffering and dying of the persons being cared for, work-related stressors such as heavy workload, lack of support and ineffective coping mechanisms. Positive aspects of caring such as job satisfaction, holistic palliative care, effective coping mechanisms and psychosocial support were identified. Recommendations to curb the negative effects of caregiving are provided.
National sample survey organization survey report: An estimation of prevalence of mental illness and its association with age in India
Authors: Lakhan Ram , Ekúndayò Olúgbémiga T.
Published: October 2014

Background: The Indian population suffers with significant burden of mental illness. The prevalence rate and its association with age and other demographic indicators are needed for planning purpose. Objective: This study attempted to calculate age-wise prevalence of mental illness for rural and urban settings, and its association with age. Materials and Methods: Data published in National Sample Survey Organization (2002) report on disability is used for the analysis. Spearman correlation for strength of association, z-test for difference in prevalence, and regression statistics for predicting the prevalence rate of mental illness are used. Result: Overall population have 14.9/1000 prevalence of mental illness. It is higher in rural setting 17.1/1000 than urban 12.7/1000 (P < 0.001). There is a strong correlation found with age in rural (ϱ = 0.910, P = 0.001) and urban (ϱ = 0.940, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Results of this study confirm other epidemiological research in India. Large-population epidemiological studies are recommended.
Pathophysiology of acute middle cerebral artery infarct by multimodal computed tomography: A pilot study in Thai patients
Authors: Dharmasaroja Pornpatr A. , Watcharakorn Arvemas , Chaumrattanakul Utairat
Published: October 2014

Multimodal computed tomography, including non-contrast computed tomography (CT), computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and computed tomography angiography (CTA), has been increasingly used. Aims: The purpose of this study was to study pathophysiology of acute middle cerebral artery infarct using multimodal CT and to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this method in our center. Materials and Methods: Patients who had moderate to severe stroke (NIHSS score > 10), suspected of anterior circulation infarct and presented within 4 hours after stroke onset were prospectively included. Multimodal CTs, using low-osmolar contrast agents, were performed in all patients. Results: Twenty-two patients were included. Mean NIHSS was 16. All patients received intravenous thrombolysis. Favorable outcome was found in nine patients (41%). CTP was unable to identify ischemic lesions in three patients with small subcortical infarct. Most patients (82%) with large middle cerebral artery infarct still had some salvageable brain (penumbra) which partly recovered in a follow-up imaging. Eleven patients (50%) had major artery occlusion. Two patients had creatinine rising within 72 hours. Conclusions: Multimodal CT does provide information about status of major artery and the volume of salvageable/infarct brain tissue and is safely and easily applicable in our center.
Sensorineural hearing loss and status epilepticus associated with ulcerative colitis: Is there enough evidence to support immune-related mechanisms?
Authors: Yazici Sinem , Benbir Gulcin , Ince Birsen
Published: October 2014

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Immune-mediated extraintestinal manifestations of UC have increasingly attracted attention in the literature recently, for which UC is now considered as a systemic disease. Neurologic involvement associated with UC is probably under-reported because of the unawareness of many physicians, although early recognition and treatment are crucial in preventing major morbidity and sequel. In this case report is presented a patient newly diagnosed as UC, who developed both sensorineural hearing loss and intractable status epilepticus that we suggest to have resulted from immune-mediated mechanisms.
Intraoperative diagnosis of glioblastomamultiforme with oligodendroglial and sarcomatous components
Authors: Adlekha Shashikant , Chadha Tandra , Ragunath A. , Sumangala B. , George Robin
Published: October 2014

Glioblastoma, the most frequent primary brain tumor and the most malignant neoplasm, can have the most heterogeneous morphological presentation. Along with classical morphological features, areas of oligodendroglial component and mesenchymal differentiation may be seen. The present case was a rare case of glioblastoma presenting with sarcomatous and oligodendroglial components. The case was diagnosed intraoperatively by squash and touch cytology and later on confirmed by histopathological study.
Posterolateral approach in a neurofibromatosis type-I patient with severe dystrophic thoracic kyphoscoliosis: A case report, cadaver study, and literature review
Authors: Bamps Sven , Calenbergh Frank Van , Loon Johan Van , Paesschen Raf Van , Vanderschot Paul
Published: October 2014

Neurofibromatosis type-I (NF-I) is an autosomal-dominant hereditary disorder, in which spinal skeletal deformities are one of the manifestations and manifest as acquired abnormalities and present as short, sharp, and angular (usually thoracic) curves. The scoliosis can be severe requiring surgical intervention. The surgical procedure can be difficult because of scalloping of the vertebral bodies and dural ectasia. We state that in selected cases of severe thoracic dystrophic kyphoscoliosis in NF-I, the posterolateral approach is the only possible method to visualize the anterior thoracic spinal cord, perform anterior decompression, and to stabilize the thoracic deformity, because of the anterior dural ectasias and the kyphosis limiting an anterior procedure.
Delayed incidental diagnosis of postoperative extradural hematoma following ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Byrappa Vinay , Redhu Shruti , Varadarajan Bhadrinarayan
Published: October 2014

Ventriculo peritoneal (VP) shunt uncommonly complicates as intracranial hematomas which can still occur in patients with a functioning VP shunt leading to a delay in the diagnosis which can be extremely dangerous and lead to adverse outcomes. We report a case of an incidental diagnosis of delayed post-operative EDH following VP shunt in an young adult patient with a right cerebellar lesion and highlight the need for meticulous post-operative neurological examination.
Vaginal extrusion of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt catheter in an adult
Authors: Bonfield Christopher M. , Weiner Gregory M. , Bradley Megan S. , Engh Johnathan A.
Published: October 2014

Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts (VPS) are commonly used in the treatment of various neurosurgical conditions, including hydrocephalus and pseudotumor cerebri. We report only the second case of vaginal extrusion of a VPS catheter in an adult, and the first case with a modern VPS silastic peritoneal catheter. A 45-year-old female with a history of VPS for pseudotumor cerebri, Behcet’s syndrome, and hysterectomy presented to our institution with the chief complaint of tubing protruding from her vagina after urination. On gynecologic examination, the patient was found to have approximately 15 cm of VPS catheter protruding from her vaginal apex. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and shunt X-ray series demonstrated no breaks in the tubing, but also confirmed the finding of the VPS catheter extruding through the vaginal cuff into the vagina. The patient had the VPS removed and an external ventricular drain was placed for temporary cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Ventricular catheter cultures were positive for diphtheroids. After an appropriate course of antibiotics, a contralateral ventriculo-pleural shunt was placed one week later. Although vary rare, vaginal extrusion can occur in adults, even with modern VPS catheters.
Spinal accessory nerve schwannomas masquerading as a fourth ventricular lesion
Authors: Krishnan Shyam Sundar , Bojja Sivaram , Vasudevan Madabhushi Chakravarthy
Published: October 2014

Schwannomas are benign lesions that arise from the nerve sheath of cranial nerves. The most common schwannomas arise from the 8 th cranial nerve (the vestibulo-cochlear nerve) followed by trigeminal and facial nerves and then from glossopharyngeal, vagus, and spinal accessory nerves. Schwannomas involving the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens and hypoglossal nerves are very rare. We report a very unusual spinal accessory nerve schwannoma which occupied the fourth ventricle and extended inferiorly to the upper cervical canal. The radiological features have been detailed. The diagnostic dilemma was due to its midline posterior location mimicking a fourth ventricular lesion like medulloblastoma and ependymoma. Total excision is the ideal treatment for these tumors. A brief review of literature with tabulations of the variants has been listed.
Antenatal and postnatal depression: A public health perspective
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh R. , Shrivastava Prateek S. , Ramasamy Jegadeesh
Published: October 2014

Depression is widely prevalent among women in the child-bearing age, especially during the antenatal and postnatal period. Globally, post-partum depression has been reported in almost 10% to 20% of mothers, and it can start from the moment of birth, or may result from depression evolving continuously since pregnancy. The presence of depression among women has gained a lot of attention not only because of the rising incidence or worldwide distribution, but also because of the serious negative impact on personal, family and child developmental outcomes. Realizing the importance of maternal depression on different aspects-personal, child, and familial life, there is a crucial need to design a comprehensive public health policy (including a mental health strategy), to ensure that universal psychosocial assessment in perinatal women is undertaken within the primary health care system. To conclude, depression during pregnancy and in the postnatal period is a serious public health issue, which essentially requires continuous health sector support to eventually benefit not only the woman, but also the family, the community, and health care professionals.
Impact of pollution controls in Beijing on atmospheric oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) during the 2008 Olympic Games: observation and modeling implications
Authors: Liu Y. , Yuan B. , Li X. , Shao M. , Lu S. , Li Y. , Chang C.-C. , Zhu T.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) are important products of the photo-oxidation of hydrocarbons. They influence the oxidizing capacity and the ozone forming potential of the atmosphere. In the summer of 2008 two months' emission restrictions were enforced in Beijing to improve air quality during the Olympic Games. Observation evidence has been reported in related studies that these control measures were efficient in reducing the concentrations of primary anthropogenic pollutants (CO, NOx and non-methane hydrocarbons, i.e. NMHCs) by 30–40%. In this study, the influence of the emission restrictions on ambient levels of OVOCs was explored using a neural network analysis with consideration of meteorological conditions. Statistically significant reductions in formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methanol were found to be 12.9, 15.8, 17.1 and 19.6%, respectively, when the restrictions were in place. The effect of emission control on acetone was not detected in neural network simulations, probably due to pollution transport from surrounding areas outside Beijing. Although the ambient levels of most NMHCs were decreased by ~35% during the full control period, the emission ratios of reactive hydrocarbons attributed to vehicular emissions did not present obvious difference. A zero-dimensional box model based on Master Chemical Mechanism version 3.2 (MCM3.2) was applied to evaluate how OVOCs productions respond to the reduced precursors during the emission controlled period. On average, secondary HCHO was produced from the oxidation of anthropogenic alkenes (54%), isoprene (30%) and aromatics (15%). The importance of biogenic source for the total HCHO formation was almost on a par with that of anthropogenic alkenes during the daytime. Anthropogenic alkenes and alkanes dominated the photochemical production of other OVOCs such as acetaldehyde, acetone and MEK. The relative changes of modelled aldehydes, methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein (MVK + MACR) before and during the pollution controlled period were comparable to the estimated reductions in the neural network, reflecting that current mechanisms can largely explain secondary production of those species under urban conditions. However, it is worthy to notice that the box model overestimated the measured concentrations of aldehydes by a factor of 1.4–1.7, and simulated MEK was in good agreement with the measurements when primary sources were taken into consideration. These results suggest that the understanding of OVOCs budget in the box model remains incomplete, there is still considerable uncertainty in particular missing sinks (unknown chemical reactions and physical dilution processes) for aldehydes and absence of direct emissions for ketones.
Sea level trends in South East Asian Seas (SEAS)
Authors: Strassburg M. W. , Hamlington B. D. , Leben R. R. , Manurung P. , Lumban Gaol J. , Nababan B. , Vignudelli S. , Kim K.-Y.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Southeast Asian Seas (SEAS) span the largest archipelago in the global ocean and provide a complex oceanic pathway connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The SEAS regional sea level trends are some of the highest observed in the modern satellite altimeter record that now spans almost two decades. Initial comparisons of global sea level reconstructions find that 17 year sea level trends over the past 60 years exhibit good agreement in areas and at times of strong signal to noise associated decadal variability forced by low frequency variations in Pacific trade winds. The SEAS region exhibits sea level trends that vary dramatically over the studied time period. This historical variation suggests that the strong regional sea level trends observed during the modern satellite altimeter record will abate as trade winds fluctuate on decadal and longer time scales. Furthermore, after removing the contribution of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) to sea level trends in the past twenty years, the rate of sea level rise is greatly reduced in the SEAS region. As a result of the influence of the PDO, the SEAS regional sea level trends during 2010s and 2020s are likely to be less than the global mean sea level (GMSL) trend if the observed oscillations in wind forcing and sea level persist. Nevertheless, long-term sea level trends in the SEAS will continue to be affected by GMSL rise occurring now and in the future.
Analytical approach for predicting fresh water discharge in an estuary based on tidal water level observations
Authors: Cai H. , Savenije H. H. G. , Jiang C.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. As the tidal wave propagates into an estuary, the tidally averaged water level tends to rise in landward direction due to the density difference between saline and fresh water and the asymmetry of the friction. The effect of friction on the residual slope is even more remarkable when accounting for fresh water discharge. In this study, we investigate the influence of river discharge on tidal wave propagation in the Yangtze estuary with specific attention to residual water level slope. This is done by using a one-dimensional analytical model for tidal hydrodynamics accounting for the residual water level. We demonstrate the importance of the residual slope on tidal dynamics and use it to improve the prediction of the tidal propagation in estuaries (i.e. tidal damping, velocity amplitude, wave celerity and phase lag), especially when the influence of river discharge is significant. Finally, we develop a new inverse analytical approach for estimating fresh water discharge on the basis of tidal water level observations along the estuary, which can be used as a tool to obtain information on the river discharge that is otherwise difficult to measure in the tidal region.
Treatment of Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries Using AO Hook Locking Plate
Authors: Kim Kyung Cheon , Jeon Yoo Sun
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND: To evaluate clinical and radiological outcome using AO hook locking plate in acute acromioclavicular joint injuries.METHODS: This study was based on patients with Rockwood type 3 or 5 acromioclavicular joint injuries who received surgery with AO hook locking plate from June 2008 until June 2009. Among the 22 patients, 19 of them were male and 3 were female, the mean age was 44.4 +/- 15.57 years (20-72 years) and follow-up period was 15.5 +/- 3.90 months (12-23 months). Preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up after the plate removal, both coracoclavicular distances were measured from the anteroposterior radiograph. Also, the Shoulder Rating Scale of the University of California at Los Angeles scores (UCLA scores), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (ASES scores), Constant scores, and the Korean Shoulder Society scores (KSS scores) were measured at the final follow-up to evaluate the function of the shoulder joint.RESULTS: At the time of injury, the mean coracoclavicular distance of the injured side was 17.69 +/- 4.23 mm (9.57-27.82 mm) and the unaffected side was 7.55 +/- 2.20 mm (3.24-13.05 mm). The mean coracoclavicular distance measured postoperatively and at the final follow-up was 6.87 +/- 2.34 mm (4.07-14.13 mm) and 8.47 +/- 2.96 mm (4.37-17.48 mm), respectively. The mean UCLA, ASES, Constant, and KSS scores measured in the final follow-up were 33.5 +/- 1.30 (31-35), 90.8 +/- 8.36 (72-100), 78.6 +/- 8.80 (62-100), and 94.4 +/- 5.08 (84-100) each.CONCLUSIONS: From this short-term research, the surgical treatment using AO hook locking plates in acute acromioclavicular joint injuries is clinically and radiographically satisfying and considered as a useful treatment method.
Allelopathic Effects of Pistia stratiotes (Araceae) and Lyngbya wollei Farlow ex Gomont (Oscillariaceae) on Seed Germination and Root Growth
Authors: Bhadha Jehangir H. , Lang Timothy A. , Alvarez Odiney M. , Giurcanu Mihai C. , Johnson Jodie V. , Odero Dennis C. , Daroub Samira H.
Published: October 2014

Pistia stratiotes and Lyngbya wollei are the two most common aquatic weeds that flourish in farm canals within the Everglades Agricultural Area of Florida. Identifying a useful application of these weeds would not only address important environmental concerns, but would also be an incentive for farmers to harvest it. The objective of this study was to determine use of P. stratiotes and L. wollei as soil amendments for stimulation of seed germination and root growth in different plant species. The effects of different rates of dried and grounded P. stratiotes and L. wollei on germination and root length of snap bean, corn, sorghum, common lambsquarters, and rice were evaluated using a controlled petri-dish incubation bioassay study. Overall, both amendments had a negative allelopathic effect on germination of all species. The highest reduction in germination of 80 and 43% by P. stratiotes and L. wollei respectively was observed on corn. Rice was the most tolerant to allelopathic effects that emanated from both amendments. There was a significant positive increase in rice root length in response to P. stratiotes rate over the two-week period. This study shows that P. stratiotes can be used as a potential bio-fertilizer to stimulate early growth of rice.
Now or Later? Trading Wind Power Closer to Real-time: How Poorly Designed Subsidies Can Lead to Higher Balancing Costs
Authors: Mauritzen Johannes
Published: October 2014

Simulation studies have pointed to the advantages of trading closer to real-time with large amounts of wind power. Using Danish data, I show that, as expected, shortfalls increase the probability of trade on the short-term market, Elbas. But in the period studied between 2010 and 2012 surpluses are shown to decrease the probability of trade. This unexpected result is likely explained by wind power policies that discourage trading on Elbas and lead to unnecessarily high balancing costs. I use a rolling-windows regression to support this claim.
Research on one Bio-inspired Jumping Locomotion Robot for Search and Rescue
Authors: Wei Dunwen , Ge Wenjie
Published: October 2014

Jumping locomotion is much more effective than other locomotion means in order to tackle the unstructured and complex environment in research and rescue. Here, a bio-inspired jumping robot with a closed-chain mechanism is proposed to achieve the power amplification during taking-off. Through actuating one variable transmission mechanism to change the transmission ratio, the jumping robot reveals biological characteristics in the phase of posture adjustment when adjusting the height and distance of one jump. The kinematics and dynamics of the simplified jumping mechanism model in one jumping cycle sequence are analysed. A compliant contact model considering nonlinear damping is investigated for jumping performance under different terrain characteristics. The numerical simulation algorithm with regard to solving the dynamical equation is described and simulation results are discussed. Finally, one primary prototype and experiment are described. The experimental results show the distance of jumping in the horizontal direction increases with the increasing gear ratio, while the height of jumping decreases in reverse. The jumping robot can enhance the capability to adapt to unknown cluttered environments, such as those encountered in research and rescue, using this strategy.
An Adaptive Image-stitching Algorithm for an Underwater Monitoring System
Authors: Hengyu Li , Jun Luo , Huang Chaojiong , Yang Yi , Xie Shaorong
Published: October 2014

Against the narrow range of sonar images for underwater monitoring, an adaptive sonar image-stitching algorithm is proposed in this paper. Compared with conventional sonar image-stitching algorithms, this algorithm can be applied to stitch sonar images with fewer features and better results. This paper first introduces the hardware platform of the underwater monitoring system and a 3D model of the underwater rotational mechanism. Next, related image pre-processing is conducted to improve its accuracy. A SURF algorithm is then applied to extract the speeded-up robust feature (SURF) points. Compared with a threshold, if the number of SURF points is larger, the SURF algorithm is applied to stitch the sonar images or else the phase correlation method is selected to mosaic the sonar images. Finally, a weighted smoothing fusion algorithm based on a maintained boundary is proposed to fuse the sonar images. The algorithm is verified to give good performance in mosaicing sonar images by an experimental study.
Fast Aerial Video Stitching
Authors: Li Jing , Yang Tao , Yu Jingyi , Lu Zhaoyang , Lu Ping , Jia Xia , Chen Wenjie
Published: October 2014

The highly efficient and robust stitching of aerial video captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a challenging problem in the field of robot vision. Existing commercial image stitching systems have seen success with offline stitching tasks, but they cannot guarantee high-speed performance when dealing with online aerial video sequences. In this paper, we present a novel system which has an unique ability to stitch high-frame rate aerial video at a speed of 150 frames per second (FPS). In addition, rather than using a high-speed vision platform such as FPGA or CUDA, our system is running on a normal personal computer. To achieve this, after the careful comparison of the existing invariant features, we choose the FAST corner and binary descriptor for efficient feature extraction and representation, and present a spatial and temporal coherent filter to fuse the UAV motion information into the feature matching. The proposed filter can remove the majority of feature correspondence outliers and significantly increase the speed of robust feature matching by up to 20 times. To achieve a balance between robustness and efficiency, a dynamic key frame-based stitching framework is used to reduce the accumulation errors. Extensive experiments on challenging UAV datasets demonstrate that our approach can break through the speed limitation and generate an accurate stitching image for aerial video stitching tasks.
Adaptive Backstepping Self-balancing Control of a Two-wheel Electric Scooter
Authors: Son Nguyen Ngoc , Anh Ho Pham Huy
Published: October 2014

This paper introduces an adaptive backstepping control law for a two-wheel electric scooter (eScooter) with a nonlinear uncertain model. Adaptive backstepping control is integrated with feedback control that satisfies Lyapunov stability. By using the recursive structure to find the controlled function and estimate uncertain parameters, an adaptive backstepping method allows us to build a feedback control law that efficiently controls a self-balancing controller of the eScooter. Additionally, a controller area network (CAN bus) with high reliability is applied for communicating between the modules of the eScooter. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the robustness and good performance of the proposed adaptive backstepping control.
Accuracy Analysis of a Robot System for Closed Diaphyseal Fracture Reduction
Authors: Li Changsheng , Wang Tianmiao , Hu Lei , Zhang Lihai , Du Hailong , Wang Lifeng , Luan Sheng , Tang Peifu
Published: October 2014

We have developed a robot system for closed diaphyseal fracture reduction. Because accuracy is essential for the treatment effects of the robot system and for the safety of both the patients and surgeons, we analysed accuracy in a systematic way. Both the structure of the robot and the operation procedure are described. Using the transfer model of errors in series and the error differential solving method for parallel mechanisms, an error model was established, and the main influencing factors of errors were considered. The Monte Carlo method was used to perform the simulation based on the error model. Experiments of image registration, of the mechanism and of the whole robot system were tested in different aspects to verify that the results of the simulation are correct. The system accuracy was compared with clinical standards to show that the robot system fulfilled the requirements for closed diaphyseal fracture reduction. The accuracy analysis method also provides an efficient path for other medical robots.
Micro and Nano-Scale Technologies for Cell Mechanics
Authors: Unal Mustafa , Alapan Yunus , Jia Hao , Varga Adrienn G. , Angelino Keith , Aslan Mahmut , Sayin Ismail , Han Chanjuan , Jiang Yanxia , Zhang Zhehao , Gurkan Umut A.
Published: October 2014

Cell mechanics is a multidisciplinary field that bridges cell biology, fundamental mechanics, and micro and nanotechnology, which synergize to help us better understand the intricacies and the complex nature of cells in their native environment. With recent advances in nanotechnology, microfabrication methods and micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS), we are now well situated to tap into the complex micro world of cells. The field that brings biology and MEMS together is known as Biological MEMS (BioMEMS). BioMEMS take advantage of systematic design and fabrication methods to create platforms that allow us to study cells like never before. These new technologies have been rapidly advancing the study of cell mechanics. This review article provides a succinct overview of cell mechanics and comprehensively surveys micro and nano-scale technologies that have been specifically developed for and are relevant to the mechanics of cells.

Here we focus on micro and nano-scale technologies, and their applications in biology and medicine, including imaging, single cell analysis, cancer cell mechanics, organ-on-a-chip systems, pathogen detection, implantable devices, neuroscience and neurophysiology. We also provide a perspective on the future directions and challenges of technologies that relate to the mechanics of cells.
Sacramental Swallow
Authors: Rourke Nancy M. , Leslie Paula ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: October 2014

This paper contributes to our understanding of participation in the Eucharist by examining the swallow. The paper begins with a thick description of the swallow as act, as phenomenon, and as symbol. This description reveals the swallow’s interstitial nature, which is then examined for its implications on the meaning of participation in the sacrament. The paper then recommends approaches to the Eucharist for Catholics for whom swallowing is difficult or impossible. The paper finally incorporates these findings with the ex opere operato doctrine, demonstrating participation as efficacious interaction. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13.2 (Summer 2013): 253–262.
Discerning the Future of the American Catholic Health Care Ministry
Authors: Gallagher John A. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: October 2014

American health care is in the process of a significant social, institutional, and economic restructuring of the manner in which health services are provided in local communities. The Catholic health care ministry is undergoing the same sort of restructuring. The history of American health care demonstrates that the ministry has experienced at least two similar major restructurings of its institutional framework. The principle of cooperation has been the customary tool to assess the moral propriety of evolving social structures in which the health care ministry has been housed. A process of discernment can lead to the conclusion that the central issue is not moral agency but rather how the ministry engages the secular culture of American society and American medicine. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13.2 (Summer 2013): 263–274.
Estranged Fathers
Authors: Corby Paschal M. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: October 2014

In the debate about heterologous embryo transfer (HET), or embryo adoption, within marriage, discussion to date has proceeded predominantly from the perspective of the acting woman, with less attention paid to the effects on her spouse. In directing the focus of this paper to the man’s experience, the author is confirmed in his opinion that HET is contrary to the man’s dignity as husband and father. It is an infidelity to the exclusive union of his marriage, an affront to the husband’s right to be the means by whom his wife becomes a mother, and a sacrilege to the sacrament by which his fatherhood is called to be an expression of God’s creative love. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13.2 (Summer 2013): 287–297.
Prudent Policy Formation for Minimizing Clerical Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Dundon Stanislaus J. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: October 2014

This article provides Catholic authorities with a useful framework for forming prudent and just policies to minimize clerical child sexual abuse, exploiting the 2011 John Jay College report Causes and Context while not ignoring its shortcomings. The framework is St. Thomas Aquinas’s treatment of prudence, and a “profile” of the clerical perpetrators is developed that uses their narcissism as a middle term to explain why these men behaved the way they did. The author concludes by recommending a deterrent policy similar to the policy advocated by St. Paul, which does not unrealistically aim at an angelic clergy but aims to deter those who would enter the priesthood for its benefits. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13.2 (Summer 2013): 299–311.
Preservation of Indigenous Culture of Bataan through an Ayta Magbukon School of Living Tradition (SLT) Program
Authors: DAVID NEIL D.
Published: October 2014

The UNESCO declares that there are two approaches to preserve cultural heritage: one is to record it in tangible form and conserve it in an archive; the other is to preserve it in a living form by ensuring its transmission to the next generations. The establishment of SLT is in response to the second approach. This undertaking focuses on the transmission of indigenous knowledge (IK) to the young. It aims to encourage culture specialists to continue with their own work and train younger people to take place in the future. In order to preserve the Ayta Magbukon indigenous culture, the oral literature, traditional skills that included traditional dances, songs, chanting, traditional cooking and traditional medicines were documented using ethnographic approach as the method of collecting data and information. These data was presented again to the cultural masters for validation using the triangulation approach. Results show the significance of this data in the SLT Program in the transmission of the Ayta Magbukon indigenous culture to the young. The program will achieve its goals of culture preservation and the continuation of their wisdom from generation to generation as long as this kind of undertaking will have continuity even without outside intervention.Keywords: Social Science, culture preservation, living traditions, ethnography, descriptive design, Bataan, Philippines
Carbon Dating the Image of Apo Santo Cristo de Lubao: From Oral History to Scientific Inquiry
Authors: SICAT RODRIGO M. , FERNANDEZ XYRIS GERARD A.
Published: October 2014

Oral history is important in preserving significant milestones in humanexperience. This scientific research was conducted to identify the age of the holyCrucifix using radiocarbon dating method. Specifically, it aims to carry out thestudy by identifying the age of the sacred Cross of the Crucified Image of Christthrough radiocarbon dating procedures, and to provide scientific information tothe people vis-à-vis results of the carbon dating analysis. Based on the findings ofthe study, radiocarbon dating analyses showed that Beta-316804 (The WoodenCross) indicated a measured radiocarbon age Cal AD 1650 to 1690 (Cal BP 300to 260) compared to Beta-316805 (Image of Christ) Cal AD 1680 to 1730 (Cal BP 270 to 220) as identified by Beta Analytic Incorporated in 2012. Results showthat at 2-sigma statistics (95% probability), 2 dates yielded overlapping ranges,indicating that the results are statistically identical. Analyses of samples indicatedthat samples came from the same tree. Beta-316804 (The Wooden Cross) is slightly older than Beta-316805 (Christ’s Image). In conclusion, the study revealed the proximity of the radiocarbon dating analyses to the traditional accounts of thepeople of Lubao, Pampanga. Considering the highly sensitive nature of analyticalchemistry apparatuses, the time ranges (ages) drawn from the chemical analyseswere closely proximate to the dates asserted by oral accounts of the place. The results reveal the antiquity of the Crucifix (Cross and Image of Christ). The resultsvalidated the customary and traditional social and religious norms of the peopleas regards their reverence and devotion to the Crucifix even in this contemporarymilieu.Keywords: Social Sciences, oral history, religious artifact, image, Apo Sto Cristo, radiocarbondating, Philippines