bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A stress-response-related inter-compartmental signalling pathway regulates embryonic cuticle integrity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Creff Audrey , Brocard Lysiane , Joubès Jérôme , Taconnat Ludivine , Doll Nicolas M. , Pascal Stephanie , Galletti Roberta , Marsollier Anne-Charlotte , Moussu Steven , Widiez Thomas , Domergue Frédéric , Ingram Gwyneth
Published: November 2018

The embryonic cuticle is necessary for normal seed development and seedling establishment in Arabidopsis. Although mutants with defective embryonic cuticles have been identified, neither the deposition of cuticle material, nor its regulation, has been described during embryogenesis. Here we use electron microscopy, lipid staining and permeability assays to show that cuticle deposition initiatesde novoin patches on globular embryos. By combining these techniques with genetics and gene expression analysis, we show that successful patch coalescence to form a continuous cuticle requires a signalling involving the endosperm-specific subtilisin protease ALE1 and the receptor kinases GSO1 and GSO2, which are expressed in the developing embryonic epidermis. Transcriptome analysis shows that this pathway regulates stress-related gene expression in seeds. Consistent with these findings we show genetically, and through activity analysis, that the stress-associated MPK6 protein acts downstream of GSO1 and GSO2 in the developing embryo. We propose that a stress-related signalling pathway has been hijacked in some angiosperm seeds through the recruitment of endosperm-specific components. Our work reveals the presence of an inter-compartmental dialogue between the endosperm and embryo that ensures the formation of an intact and functional cuticle around the developing embryo through an “auto-immune” type interaction.
Gene expression atlas of a developing tissue by single cell expression correlation analysis
Authors: Bageritz Josephine , Willnow Philipp , Valentini Erica , Leible Svenja , Boutros Michael , Teleman Aurelio A.
Published: November 2018

The Drosophila wing disc has been a fundamental model system for the discovery of key signaling pathways and for our understanding of developmental processes. However, a complete map of gene expression in this tissue is lacking. To obtain a complete gene expression atlas in the wing disc, we employed single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) and developed a new method for analyzing scRNA-seq data based on gene expression correlations rather than cell mappings. This enables us to discover 824 genes with spatially restricted expression patterns, and to compute expression maps for all genes in the wing disc. This approach identifies both known and new clusters of genes with similar expression patterns and functional relevance. As proof of concept, we characterize the previously unstudied gene CG5151 and show it regulates Wnt signaling. This novel method will enable the leveraging of scRNA-seq data for generating expression atlases of undifferentiated tissues during development.
Calibration of the Suanni small-angle neutron scattering instrument at the China Mianyang Research Reactor
Authors: Tian Qiang , Yan Guanyun , Bai Liangfei , Chen Jie , Liu Dong , Chen Liang , Sun Liangwei , Huang Chaoqiang , Chen Bo , Nagy Gergely , Wacha András , Almásy László
Published: November 2018

A series of calibration measurements have been performed on Suanni – the first small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer entering into routine user operation in China – aiming to characterize instrument performance and to provide a reference for user experiments. Various calibration standards were used to verify the precise association of the scattering intensity I with the scattering vector magnitude q at short and medium sample–detector distances. The measurements recorded for silver behenate powder revealed a slight shift of the neutron wavelength (λ) at the sample position as compared to the nominal λ calculated by the selector constant. The deviation was more significant with λ > 0.8 nm owing to the shape of the incoming neutron spectrum incident on the selector. The measured dead time for the entire detection system is 2.7 µs, as determined by measurements with varying fluxes. A protonated/deuterated polystyrene blend was employed as the primary standard to calibrate the secondary standard H2O. The instrument covers an effective q range between 0.013 and 5 nm−1, as demonstrated by scattering curves obtained from a monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticle suspension and a glassy carbon plate.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-N′-[4-(piperidin-1-yl)benzylidene]arylsulfonohydrazides
Authors: Pai Nikhila , Foro Sabine , Gowda B. Thimme
Published: November 2018

The crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of three Schiff bases, namely (E)-N′-[4-(piperidin-1-yl)benzylidene]benzenesulfonohydrazide, C18H21N3O2S, (I), (E)-4-methyl-N′-[4-(piperidin-1-yl)benzylidene]benzenesulfonohydrazide, C19H23N3O2S, (II), and (E)-4-chloro-N′-[4-(piperidin-1-yl)benzylidene]benzenesulfonohydrazide, C18H20ClN3O2S, (III), derived from arylsulfonohydrazides and 4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzaldehyde have been analysed to investigate the effect of substituents on the structural parameters. All three structures crystallize in monoclinic crystal systems, in the space groups P21/c for (I) and (II), and C2/c for (III). Compound (III) contains two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit and sixteen molecules per unit cell, while (I) and (II) both have one and four molecules, respectively, in their asymmetric units and unit cells. In all cases, the central part of the molecule is twisted at the S atom. In the crystals, the molecules are linked via N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains. Two-dimensional fingerprint plots of various interatomic contacts show that the major contributions are from H...H interactions.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-benzyl-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-one
Authors: Saber Asmaa , Sebbar Nada Kheira , Hökelek Tuncer , El hafi Mohamed , Mague Joel T. , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: November 2018

The title compound, C17H14N2O, is built up from the planar benzodiazole unit linked to the benzyl and propynyl substituents. The substituents are rotated significantly out of the benzodiazole plane, where the benzyl group is inclined by 68.91 (7)° to the benzodiazole unit. In the crystal, the molecules are linked via intermolecular C—HBnzdzl...O and C—HBnzy...O (Bnzdzl = benzodiazole and Bnzy = benzyl) hydrogen bonds, enclosing R
4
4(27) ring motifs, into a network consisting of rectangular layers parallel to the bc plane which are also stacked along the a-axis direction being associated through C—H...π (ring) interactions. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...H (43.6%), H...C/C...H (42.0%) and H...O/O...H (8.9%) interactions.
Homopropargyl alcohol 5,5-diphenylpent-2-yne-1,5-diol
Authors: Umaña Christian A. , Pineda Leslie W. , Cabezas Jorge A.
Published: November 2018

In the title compound, C17H16O2, the central carbon atom has a distorted tetrahedral geometry [spread of angles = 105.71 (8)–112.75 (9)°] for its bonds to a homopropargylic but-2-yn-1-ol moiety, a hydroxy group and two phenyl substituents. In the crystal, O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions link the molecules into [001] chains and C—H...π(ring) contacts consolidate the packing.
Designing complex socio-technical process systems – the airport example
Authors: Mazhar Samia , Wu Paul Pao-Yen , Rosemann Michael
Published: November 2018

Purpose

A configurable reference model can be used to assist in the development and management of business processes in complex, multi-stakeholder environments. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a process design in such environments via configurable process reference modelling, using airports as an example.

Design/methodology/approach

Existing reference modelling methods around process modelling, merging and configuration are extended to include contextual and spatial factors using the design science methodology. The approach is empirically based on a set of business process management notation (BPMN) models for international passenger departures, consolidated from five Australian airport case studies via document analysis, interviews and observation.

Findings

The use of contextual factors and operational scenarios, structured using the proposed approach, facilitated efficient cross-organisational comparison for configuring processes to suit the needs of a target organisation. The resulting configurable model integrates the perspectives of organisational stakeholder groups with that of the customer in a transparent and unambiguous graphical representation. It is a reusable tool with low data collection needs for each use.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should include: version management; how to keep the model current; configurability via modelling objects other than gateways; and cross-discipline application (e.g. as a foundation for quantitative decision-making models).

Originality/value

This is the first reported application of configurable reference modelling to airport passenger facilitation. Methodological contributions include the addition of space-sensitive process elements and notation to BPMN; guidelines for systematically deriving contextual factors associated with process variants across similar organisations; and overall normative guidelines for inductively developing a configurable process reference model.
Inter-organizational mentoring: a four phase conceptual model for success
Authors: Gisbert-Trejo Nuria , Landeta Jon , Albizu Eneka , Fernández-Ferrín Pilar
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model that comprises the four phases of an inter-organizational mentoring (IOM) process.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a focus group of 19 expert coordinators on IOM programs who met once at the Basque College of Economists. The session was recorded and notes were taken and distributed to all participants.

Findings

Based on the focus group, the authors developed a four-phase model of IOM. The phases this conceptual model proposes for IOM are awakening, transcendence, organizational bond and maturity.

Practical implications

These four phases should help mentors to guide mentees in the completion of an effective IOM process. This model is a re-conceptualization from the traditional mentoring phases, as the nature of the mentoring process is different. However, getting to understand the phases of IOM will enlighten the understanding of this phenomenon that is a growing option for managers in their career development as IOM helps managers to acquire skills and competencies.

Originality/value

This work contributes to the comprehension of this new form of alternative mentoring, clarifying for mentees and mentors, what process they are going to follow. Additionally, it provides clear criteria for inter-organizational program coordinators on how to organize these kinds of programs. In the opinion of the authors, this paper is original because it provides an in-depth understanding of IOM, which is an HRD technique that has barely been studied to date.
A response to global nonprofits’ succession failure
Authors: Santora Joseph C.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to raise the level of awareness of the critical need to have a chief executive succession plan in nonprofit organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a review of survey literature to determine the degree to which nonprofits plan for chief executive succession.

Findings

The findings reveal a serious lack of planning for successors in nonprofit organizations.

Originality/value

This paper underscores the need for a three-pronged approach by nonprofit boards of directors, chief executive officers, and HR departments to address planning for successors to prevent potential chaotic organizational situations and create sustainable nonprofits.
A novel robot kinematic calibration method based on common perpendicular line model
Authors: Shen Chen , Chen Youping , Chen Bing , Qiao Yu
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a novel robot kinematic calibration method based on the common perpendicular line (CPL) model to improve the absolute accuracy of industrial robots.

Design/methodology/approach

The deviation between the nominal and actual twists is considered the CPL transformation, which includes the rotation about the CPL and the translation along the CPL. By using the invariance of the reciprocal product of the two spatial lines, the previous deviation was analyzed in the neighbor space of the base frame origin. In this space, the line vector of the CPL contained only four independent parameters: two orientation elements and two moment elements. Thus, the CPL model has four independent parameters for the revolute joint and two parameters for the prismatic joint.

Findings

By simulations and experiment conducted on a SCARA robot and a 6-DOF PUMA robot, the effectiveness of the novel method for calibration of industrial robot is validated.

Originality/value

The CPL model avoided the normalization and orthogonalization in the iterative identification procedure. Therefore, identifying the CPL model was not only simpler but also more accurate than that of the traditional model. In addition, the results of the CPL transformation strictly conformed to the constraints of the twist.
Inertia, uncertainty, and exploratory partner selection
Authors: Liang Jie , Mei Nan
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the following research question in partner selection decisions in business-to-business strategic partnerships/collaborations literature: How do inertia and uncertainty affect partner selection? Explicitly, the paper analyzes how inertia of previous alliance selection routines and uncertainty of entire market movement shape firms’ preferences regarding exploratory partner selection (i.e. selecting new partners who never collaborate with the focal firm).

Design/methodology/approach

Grounded on inter-firm partnerships, partner selection and network theory literature, the study empirically tests a fine-grained sample of 511 open-end funds initiated by 61 fund management firms in China. To do so, it runs Tobit regression for main analysis and applies a variety of sensitivity analyses to check the robustness.

Findings

Results show that inertia in previous partner selection has a negative effect on exploration. Importantly, these inertial forces impact domestic firms but not international firms. Market uncertainty also affects exploratory partner selection: short-term market uncertainty encourages exploration, whereas long-term uncertainty inhibits it. These effects also depend on firms’ type: long-term market uncertainty has a negative effect on exploration for international firms but not for domestic firms. Both types of firms exhibit a stronger tendency toward exploration when they encounter short-term uncertainty. However, this inclination is stronger in international firms.

Originality/value

Earlier research has examined how inertia affects exploitation but largely overlooked its effect on exploration. A critical examination of firm and environment level factors provides a deeper understanding of why and when firms have inconsistent preferences for specific partner selection strategies. Thus, this study offers a unique perspective for understanding firms’ exploratory partner selection by focusing on two important characteristics of focal firms: one internal (inertia) and one external (market uncertainty) in nature.
Adopting the cloud: how it affects firm strategy
Authors: Khalil Sabine
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role that cloud adoption plays in the strategies of large firms. As an innovative and transforming technology, cloud computing can have a significant impact on firms. It may propel them to adapt their existing strategies to survive in today’s unstable, rapidly expanding, digital environment.

Methodology

The relationship between cloud computing and company strategy was explored through a qualitative research study. The author conducted 35 semi-structured interviews with business and IT stakeholders working in large French organizations.

Findings

Analysis of the results demonstrates that large cloud-adopting firms are driven by three main needs: a need to maintain their place in a highly competitive market, a need to implement innovative solutions and a need to lower costs.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of this research include a number of contingency factors, such as the location of these firms (France) and their size (large). However, the academic literature does not address how adopting cloud services will affect the strategies used by large firms. Given the complex structures of these firms, it seems inevitable that they will adapt their strategies. This is highlighted by this study, which sheds light on the importance of the relationship between cloud adoption and company strategies.

Practical implications

This exploratory research study stresses the importance of companies adapting their strategies and enables business professionals to focus on redirecting their strategies when adopting cloud services. In addition, this study provides examples of the behavior of large firms in the French market.

Originality/value

Companies need to develop effective business strategies to survive, especially in today’s modern world. This paper shows that cloud adoption is leading firms to alter their strategies, and has led to the emphasis of three types of strategy: competition, innovation and cost reduction.
What difference do data make? Data management and social change
Authors: Currie Morgan E. , Paris Britt S. , Donovan Joan M.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expand on emergent data activism literature to draw distinctions between different types of data management practices undertaken by groups of data activists.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors offer three case studies that illuminate the data management strategies of these groups. Each group discussed in the case studies is devoted to representing a contentious political issue through data, but their data management practices differ in meaningful ways. The project Making Sense produces their own data on pollution in Kosovo. Fatal Encounters collects “missing data” on police homicides in the USA. The Environmental Data Governance Initiative hopes to keep vulnerable US data on climate change and environmental injustices in the public domain.

Findings

In analysing the three case studies, the authors surface how temporal dimensions, geographic scale and sociotechnical politics influence their differing data management strategies.

Originality/value

The authors build upon extant literature on data management infrastructure, which primarily discusses how these practices manifest in scientific and institutional research settings, to analyse how data management infrastructure is often crucial to social movements that rely on data to surface political issues.
Investigating the brand evangelism effect of community fans on social networking sites
Authors: Hsu Li-Chun
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Many enterprises recognize that social media is a valuable source of information propagation for brands. Using the self-congruity and social identity theories as theoretical bases, the purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated conceptual model and explore the effects of brand-evangelism-related behavioral decisions of enterprises on virtual community members.

Design/methodology/approach

This study targeted community members who had purchased a specific cosmetic brand’s products and had been members of an official brand fan page for at least one year. Using a survey of 488 valid samples and structural equation modeling was used to conduct path analyses.

Findings

The results indicated that seven hypothetical paths were supported and exhibited desirable goodness of fit. Value congruity can be used to explain effects of dual identification on various relationships. Relationships among variables of brand evangelism are not independent. Specifically, the effect of brand purchase intentions on positive brand referrals is higher than that on oppositional brand referrals.

Practical implications

The findings can help brand community managers to adopt innovative and effective strategies to gain community members’ identification and maintain a desirable relationship between business and community members. In addition, this study should help marketers to increase the opportunity of maximizing the brand evangelism effect.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding for multiple perspectives of value congruity and adopts the extension viewpoint to understand community members not only have brand value and self-congruity problems but also have community membership goals and values related to the fit problem.
Organic-inorganic composite nanocoatings with superhydrophobicity and thermal stability
Authors: Syafiq A. , Pandey A.K. , Balakrishnan Vengadaesvaran , Shahabuddin Syed , Rahim Nasrudin Abd
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the thermal stability and hydrophobicity of difference alkyl chain of silanes with silicon (Si) micro- and nanoparticles.

Design/methodology/approach

Sol-gel methods have been used to design superhydrophobic glass substrates through surface modification by using low-surface-energy Isooctyl trimethoxysilane (ITMS) and Ethyl trimethoxysilane (ETMS) solution. Hierarchical double-rough scale solid surface was built by Si micro- and nanoparticles to enhance the surface roughness. The prepared sol was applied onto glass substrate using dip-coating method and was dried at control temperature of 400°C inside the tube furnace.

Findings

The glass substrate achieved the water contact angle as high as 154 ± 2° and 150.4 ± 2° for Si/ITMS and Si/ETMS films, respectively. The Si/ITMS and Si/ETMS also were equipped with low sliding angle as low as 3° and 5°, respectively. The Si micro- and nanoparticles in the coating system have created nanopillars between them, which will suspend the water droplets. Both superhydrophobic coatings have showed good stability against high temperature up to 200°C as there are no changes in WCA shown by both coatings. Si/ITMS film sustains its superhydrophobicity after impacting with further temperature up to 400°C and turns hydrophobic state at 450°C.

Research limitations/implications

Findings will be useful to develop superhydrophobic coatings with high thermal stability.

Practical implications

Sol method provides a suitable medium for the combination of organic-inorganic network to achieve high hydrophobicity with optimum surface roughness.

Originality/value

Application of different alkyl chain groups of silane resin blending with micro- and nanoparticles of Si pigments develops superhydrophobic coatings with high thermal stability.
The role of the C-suite in Agile transformation: the case of Amazon
Authors: Denning Stephen
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Practitioners can learn much about how a CEO can generate and sustain business agility from examining the role of Jeff Bezos, the CEO of Amazon—arguably the world’s most-agile large organization.

Design/methodology/approach

Amazon demonstrates mastery of strategic agility by having successfully shifted Amazon into a whole series of new businesses on a massive scale.

Findings

As Amazon acquires new skills, it doesn’t just become more proficient in its own business: it turns these into newly-created capabilities into new businesses.”

Practical implications

For Bezos, the medium-term road map for the future is ‘pretty much all that he works on, delegating the day-to-day business operations to others.’ His job is all about long-term thinking.

Originality/value

This article examines Amazon’s remarkable record of continuous innovation in the light of its Agile mindset. The practices will be illuminating to senior executives seeking to promote an innovation-focused culture in their organizations.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Integrating Food Science Lessons in High School Biology Curriculum in Comparison to High School Chemistry Curriculum
Authors: Stringer Elizabeth I. , Hendrix Jasmine D. , Swortzel Kirk A. , Williams J. Byron , Schilling M. Wes
Published: November 2018

Historically, high school chemistry has been the predominate venue for the introduction of food science curriculum to students. With the current decline in chemistry as a required course for graduation, the possibility of exposure to food science in high school could equally decline. The purpose of this research was to determine if high school students in a biology class without a chemistry background could comprehend eight basic food science principles equally as well as students in a chemistry class that were taught the same principles. This study assessed baseline knowledge of high school students, determined the effect of food science‐based lessons on baseline knowledge and level of understanding, and determined the effect of food science‐based lessons on students’ awareness of and interest in food science. Baseline knowledge and awareness of food science was low. Food science‐based instruction resulted in higher posttest scores. Results indicated no differences in students’ knowledge base and level of understanding between biology and chemistry classes and supported the idea of further incorporating a food science curriculum into high school biology.
Titanium dental implants with different collar design and surface modifications: A systematic review on survival rates and marginal bone levels
Authors: Messias Ana , Nicolau Pedro , Guerra Fernando
Published: November 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of dental implants with different neck characteristics.

Methods

A protocol‐oriented search aimed at the question: “In patients subjected to tooth replacement with screw‐type dental implants does the modification of the implant neck macro‐ or microgeometry contribute to the improvement of survival rates and maintenance of the peri‐implant marginal bone levels?” Primary outcomes were survival and marginal bone level (MBL) changes evaluated on randomized controlled trials with >10 participants and follow‐up >1 year. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The review follows the PRISMA statement.

Results

Forty‐three studies compared: (a) One‐ versus two‐piece implants (N = 7); (b) Two‐piece implants with different neck characteristics (machined and rough collars, microthreads, LASER microtexturing) (N = 21); (c) Two‐piece implants with macrogeometry modifications (tapering, back‐tapering, and scalloping) (N = 6). One‐ and two‐piece implants showed similar survival (RR = 0.45, 95% CI: [0.12, 1.66], p = 0.23) and MBL changes (WMD = 0.09 mm, 95% CI: [−0.27, 0.45], p = 0.64) at 1‐year post‐loading. Machined collar implants have higher risk of early failure than rough collar implants (RR = 3.96, 95% CI: [1.12, 13.93], p = 0.03) and 0.43 mm higher bone resorption (95% CI: [0.0, 0.86], p = 0.05). Microthreads (WMD = 0.07 mm, 95% CI: [−0.01, 0.15], p = 0.10) and LASER microtexturing (WMD = 0.15 mm, 95% CI: [−0.35, 0.65], p = 0.56) do not reduce bone resorption. Scalloped implants have 1.26 mm higher resorption (95% CI: [0.72, 2.00], p < 0.001).

Conclusions

One‐ and two‐piece implants have similar survival and MBL changes. Rough collar implants have lower MBL changes than machined collar implants. Additional modifications to rough collars are irrelevant.
Lipid lowering in dialysis patients with cardiovascular disease who are awaiting kidney transplantation
Authors: Aziz Fahad , Garg Neetika , Parajuli Sandesh , Djamali Arjang , Stein James H. , Mandelbrot Didier
Published: November 2018

Dyslipidemias are highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease, end‐stage renal disease, and kidney transplant patients. These dyslipidemias are associated with high cardiovascular risk and mortality. Many clinical trials have shown that statin therapy can significantly reduce adverse cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients and kidney transplant recipients. However, three major trials did not show a benefit of statin therapy in end‐stage renal disease patients on dialysis. Major guidelines either recommend against the use of statins in patients on dialysis or provide no recommendations about statin use for this complex patient population. As a result, we suspect many patients on dialysis are not on statins, even if they have known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. When these patients receive kidney transplants, the risk of adverse cardiovascular events increases in the peri‐operative period. Although there are no randomized clinical trials looking at statin use in these patients, we suggest that statin use be considered in patients with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, to potentially minimize peri‐operative cardiovascular complications. We also recommend further research to determine whether statin therapy in dialysis patients awaiting kidney transplant is associated with better survival.
Mealtime fast‐acting insulin aspart versus insulin aspart for controlling postprandial hyperglycaemia in people with insulin‐resistant Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bowering K. , Harvey J. , Kolaczynski J. W. , Snyder J. W. , Bode B. W.
Published: November 2018

Aim

This post hoc analysis explored whether mealtime fast‐acting insulin aspart treatment provided an advantage in postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) control vs. insulin aspart in people with Type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of bolus insulin.

Methods

A post hoc, post‐randomization, subgroup analysis of a 26‐week, randomized, double‐blind, treat‐to‐target trial (onset 2) that compared mealtime fast‐acting insulin aspart vs. mealtime insulin aspart, both in a basal–bolus regimen, in people with Type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on basal insulin therapy and metformin. At the end of trial, the impact of fast‐acting insulin aspart and insulin aspart on PPG control was assessed with a standard liquid meal test and participants were grouped into three post‐randomization subgroups: meal test bolus insulin dose ≤ 10 units per dose (n = 171), > 10–20 units per dose (n = 289) and > 20 units per dose (n = 146).

Results

A statistically significant treatment difference in favour of fast‐acting insulin aspart vs. insulin aspart was observed for the change in PPG increment at all post‐meal time points (from 1 to 4 h) for those in the > 20 units bolus insulin subgroup. There was no difference in the magnitude of change from baseline in HbA1c level between fast‐acting insulin aspart and insulin aspart in any of the bolus insulin dose subgroups (data herein).

Conclusion

Fast‐acting insulin aspart may hold promise as a more effective treatment compared with insulin aspart for controlling PPG in people with insulin‐resistant Type 2 diabetes.
Oral reserpine administration in horses results in low plasma concentrations that alter platelet biology
Authors: Gilbertie J. M. , Davis J. L. , Davidson G. S. , McDonald A. M. , Schirmer J. M. , Schnabel L. V.
Published: November 2018

Background

Reserpine is a popular drug in the equine industry for long‐term tranquilisation. Clinical observations revealed that blood from horses receiving oral reserpine was hypercoagulable. No studies have documented the pharmacokinetics of orally administered reserpine nor the effects of reserpine on platelets in horses.

Objectives

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of oral reserpine in horses and the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of reserpine on platelet functionality in vitro.

Study design

Experimental controlled study.

Methods

The pharmacokinetics of oral reserpine (2.5 mg/horse, once) were determined in six healthy adult horses. Plasma samples were collected and concentrations of reserpine were determined by UPLC‐MS/MS. Using this data, the in vitro effects of reserpine on platelets were examined. Aggregation, adhesion and releasate assays for serotonin and thromboxane B2 were performed on platelets exposed to varying concentrations of reserpine (0.01–10 ng/mL), aspirin (negative control) and saline (unexposed control).

Results

Oral reserpine administration demonstrated low plasma concentrations with a Cmax of 0.2 ± 0.06 ng/mL and a prolonged half‐life of 23.6 ± 6.24 h. Simulations over a dose range of 2–8 μg/kg predicted Cmax at steady state between 0.06–0.9 ng/mL. Platelets exposed to these reserpine concentrations in vitro displayed increased aggregation and adhesion compared to unexposed or aspirin‐exposed platelets as well as compared to higher concentrations of reserpine. These functional changes correlated with lower concentrations of serotonin and higher concentrations of thromboxane B2 in the platelet suspension supernatant.

Main limitations

This study used a small number of horses and only in vitro platelet experiments.

Conclusions

Oral reserpine demonstrates low plasma concentrations and a prolonged half‐life in horses. At these concentrations, reserpine causes significant changes in platelet function, most likely due to serotonin release and re‐uptake which primes platelets for activation and thromboxane B2 release. These findings suggest that clinicians should harvest blood for biological processing prior to the onset of reserpine administration.
c‐Rel is a cell cycle modulator in human melanoma cells
Authors: Priebe Marie K. , Dewert Nadin , Amschler Katharina , Erpenbeck Luise , Heinzerling Lucie , Schön Michael P. , Seitz Cornelia S. , Lorenz Verena N.
Published: November 2018

Melanoma progression and resistance to therapy are associated with faulty regulation of signalling molecules including the central transcription factor NF‐κB. Increased expression of the c‐Rel subunit of NF‐κB has been described in progressing melanoma, though mechanistic implications of this upregulation remain unclear. To elucidate the functional role of c‐Rel in melanoma biology, we have assessed its expression in human melanoma as well as in melanoma cell lines. Suppression of c‐Rel expression in four melanoma cell lines resulted in reduced growth and altered cell cycle regulation, namely G2/M and polyploid phase induction. Moreover, mitotic spindle morphology was profoundly altered in three of the cell lines with a predominance of monopolar structures. These findings suggest that c‐Rel is involved in G2/M phase regulation, prevention of polyploidy and, consequently, chromosomal stability. Our results highlight a novel tumor‐promoting function of c‐Rel in human melanoma cells through governing cell cycle regulation.
Three‐dimensional multiscale finite element models for in‐service performance assessment of bridges
Authors: Mashayekhi Maryam , Santini‐Bell Erin
Published: November 2018

Accurate representation of the structural performance of civil engineering structures, specifically complex bridge structures, may be achieved through an efficient multiscale finite element (FE) model. Multiscale FE modeling couples multiple dimensions of elements in a single model. In this study, the selected existing multipoint constraint equations applied in planar coupling conditions are modified and refined for out‐of‐plane coupling conditions in a single three‐dimensional FE model. Also, the optimum location for the interface points of different elements is determined to improve the model's accuracy and efficiency. The present case study, the Memorial Bridge in Portsmouth, NH, is a vertical lift bridge, which includes novel gusset‐less connections. These connections have complex geometries and therefore require finer dimension elements to represent the structural behavior, while the remainder of the structure is modeled with coarser dimension elements. To achieve an accurate and efficient multiscale model of the Memorial Bridge, multiple global FE models are developed and the predicted structural responses are verified with respect to the field‐collected structural responses of the bridge.
The Ability of Functionalized Fullerenes and Surface‐Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles to Photosensitize Peroxidation of Lipids in Selected Model Systems
Authors: Kozinska Anna , Zadlo Andrzej , Labuz Przemyslaw , Broniec Agnieszka , Pabisz Pawel , Sarna Tadeusz
Published: November 2018

Photochemical properties of a new class of inorganic nanoparticles, namely a cationic C60 fullerene substituted with three quaternary pyrrolidinium groups (BB6) and a surface‐modified nanocrystalline TiO2 with bromopyrogallol red (Brp@TiO2) were examined for their effectiveness in photogenerating singlet oxygen and free radicals. In particular, their ability to photosensitize peroxidation of unsaturated lipids was analyzed in POPC:cholesterol liposomes and B16 mouse melanoma cells employing a range of spectroscopic and analytical methods. Because melanoma cells typically are pigmented, we examined the effect of melanin on the photosensitized peroxidation of lipids in liposomes and B16 melanoma cells, mediated by BB6 and Brp@TiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained results suggest that peroxidation of unsaturated lipids, photosensitized by BB6 occurs mainly, although not exclusively, via Type II mechanism involving singlet oxygen. On the other hand, if surface‐modified TiO2 is used as a photosensitizer, Type I mechanism of lipid peroxidation dominates, as indicated by the predominant formation of the free radical‐dependent cholesterol oxidation products. The protective effect of melanin was particularly evident when BB6 was used as a photosensitizer, suggesting that melanin could efficiently interfere with Type II processes.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVA + UVB) on Germination of Carpospores of the Red MacroalgaPyropia acanthophora var. brasiliensis(Rhodophyta, Bangiales): Morphological Changes
Authors: Pereira Débora Tomazi , Batista Deonir , Filipin Elisa Poltronieri , Bouzon Zenilda Laurita , Simioni Carmen
Published: November 2018

Carpospores ofPyropia acanthophora var. brasiliensisare dispersion and reproduction units responsible for giving rise to the diploid filamentous structure of this alga's life cycle. The present study assesses the anthropogenic impact of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on morphology and ultrastructure, spore viability, autofluorescence of chloroplasts and the amount of intensity ofROSduring the germination of carpospores. Carpospores were cultivated at 24 ± 1°C, 40 ± 10 μmol photons m−2 s−1with photoperiod of 12 h and exposed toUVAR + UVBRfor 3 h a day for 2 days with a daily dose of 5.05 J cm−2forUVARand 0.095 J cm−2forUVBR. Samples were cultured for another five days exposed only toPARin order to confirm their viability after the initial 2‐day exposure. Carpospores showed significant sensitivity toUVRexposure after only 48 h, including changes in developmental rate, overall morphology, cell organization and chloroplast autofluorescence.UVRexposure inhibited germ tube formation in carpospores, which were mostly nonviable and/or altered, showing retracted cytoplasm and disorganized cytoplasmic content. Even in the absence ofUVRexposure, carpospores remained collapsed, indicating irreversible damage. It can be concluded thatUVRis a limiting factor for the development ofP. acanthophora.
A review of the multiple benefits of mussel farming
Authors: Suplicy Felipe Matarazzo
Published: November 2018

This review analyses how mussel farming can contribute to the challenge of feeding the current and future world population in a more efficient and sustainable way. The analysis lays a foundation of the main issues with current practices of animal protein production, and compares them with the alternative of a massive expansion of mussel farming as a means to produce high‐quality protein for human and animal nutrition. The review also covers the ecological goods and services that mussels provide to the ocean and to the atmosphere, the health of mussel products, and the many potential uses of by‐products from the mussel industry in agriculture, in wastewater treatment, and in the feed industry.
A wheat dominant dwarfing line with Rht12, which reduces stem cell length and affects gibberellic acid synthesis, is a 5AL terminal deletion line
Authors: Sun Linhe , Yang Wenlong , Li Yafei , Shan Qiangqiang , Ye Xiaobin , Wang Dongzhi , Yu Kang , Lu Weiwen , Xin Peiyong , Pei Zhong , Guo Xiaoli , Liu Dongcheng , Sun Jiazhu , Zhan Kehui , Chu Jinfang , Zhang Aimin
Published: November 2018

Dwarfing and semi‐dwarfing are important agronomic traits that have great potential for the improvement of wheat yields. Rht12, a dominant gibberellic acid (GA)‐responsive dwarfing gene from the gamma‐ray‐induced wheat mutant Karcagi 522M7K, is located in the long arm of chromosome 5A, which is closely linked with the locus Xwmc410. Rht12 is likely an ideal gene for GA biosynthesis and deactivation research in common wheat. However, information on the Rht12 locus and sequence is lacking. In this study, Rht12 significantly shortened stem cell length and decreased GA biosynthetic components. Using bulked segregant RNA‐Seq, wheat 660k single nucleotide polymorphism chip detection, and newly developed simple sequence repeat markers, Rht12 was mapped to a 11.21‐Mb region at the terminal end of chromosome 5AL, and was found to be closely linked with the Xw5ac207SSR marker with a 10.73‐Mb fragment deletion in all of the homologous dwarfing plants. Transcriptome analyses of the remaining 483‐kb region showed significantly higher expression of the TraesCS5A01G543100 gene encoding the GA metabolic enzyme GA 2‐β‐dioxygenase in dwarfing plants than in high stalk plants, suggesting that Rht12 reduces plant height by activating TaGA2ox‐A14. Taken together, our findings will promote cloning and functional studies of Rht12 in common wheat.
Collateral vessels on optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Suzuki Norihiro , Hirano Yoshio , Tomiyasu Taneto , Kurobe Ryo , Yasuda Yusuke , Esaki Yuya , Yasukawa Tsutomu , Yoshida Munenori , Ogura Yuichiro
Published: November 2018

Aims

To detect collateral vessels using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and to investigate the associations with visual outcomes and macular oedema.

Methods

Eyes with macular oedema secondary to BRVO that underwent OCTA at baseline and were followed up for more than 6 months were enrolled. The presence of collaterals, whether the collaterals were leaky or not, and the associations with visual outcomes and macular oedema were investigated.

Results

Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients (8 men and 20 women; mean age, 68 years) were enrolled. Collaterals were detected in 23 eyes (82%) and already existed at the initial visit. Collaterals were more frequently detected in eyes with major BRVO or ischaemic type. One-third of the collaterals were leaky and all of the leaky collaterals had microaneurysms (MAs) inside. Macular oedema in eyes with collaterals was more quickly and frequently resolved than that in eyes without collaterals, but there were no significant differences. Collateral vessel formation did not seem to impact on visual outcomes, but the mean baseline central retinal thickness (CRT) was significantly higher in eyes with collaterals, and the mean CRT reduction at 6 months after treatments was significantly greater than in eyes without collaterals.

Conclusions

These results suggest that collateral vessels are formed at the acute phase in eyes with BRVO. In addition, the presence of collaterals might be associated with absorption of macular oedema, but MAs formed in collaterals sometimes can cause macular oedema.
TP53and DNA-repair gene polymorphisms genotyping as a low-cost lung adenocarcinoma screening tool
Authors: Cavic Milena , Spasic Jelena , Krivokuca Ana , Boljevic Ivana , Kuburovic Mira , Radosavljevic Davorin , Jankovic Radmila
Published: November 2018

Aim

TP53and DNA repair polymorphisms have been proposed as cancer risk factors. This study evaluated the usability ofTP53Arg72Pro single-nucleotide polymorphism,XRCC1Arg399Gln andRAD51G135C as a low-cost lung adenocarcinoma screening tool.

Patients and methods

This case–control study included 78 atients with lung adenocarcinoma and 79 healthy matched controls.TP53,XRCC1andRAD51genotyping was done by PCR followed by restriction length polymorphism. Descriptive analyses included genotype and allelic frequencies and deviations of the frequencies from those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were assessed using the χ2test. The OR and 95% CIs were calculated as an estimate of relative risk, with significance set at p value <0.05.

Results

TheTP53codon 72 Pro allele and theXRCC1codon 399 Arg allele in a homozygous state were associated with lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.037; OR (95% CI) 2.42 (1.10 to 5.31)), that is, p=0.037; OR (95% CI) 2.16 (1.08 to 4.33), respectively. Also, carriers of theTP53codon 72 Pro allele and theXRCC1codon 399 ArgArg genotype older than 50 showed an even higher risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.03 in both cases).

Conclusions

TheTP53codon 72 Arg allele andXRCC1codon 399 Gln allele are likely to have a protective effect against lung adenocarcinoma, especially in individuals older than 50 years of age.XRCC1andTP53genotyping might be a useful low-cost tool for evaluating individual lung cancer risk, leading to earlier detection and management of this disease.
From gestalt to gene: early predictive dysmorphic features of PMM2-CDG
Authors: Martinez-Monseny Antonio , Cuadras Daniel , Bolasell Mercè , Muchart Jordi , Arjona César , Borregan Mar , Algrabli Adi , Montero Raquel , Artuch Rafael , Velázquez-Fragua Ramón , Macaya Alfons , Pérez-Cerdá Celia , Pérez-Dueñas Belén , Pérez Belén , Serrano Mercedes
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Phosphomannomutase-2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG) is associated with a recognisable facial pattern. There are no early severity predictors for this disorder and no phenotype–genotype correlation. We performed a detailed dysmorphology evaluation to describe facial gestalt and its changes over time, to train digital recognition facial analysis tools and to identify early severity predictors.

Methods

Paediatric PMM2-CDG patients were evaluated and compared with controls. A computer-assisted recognition tool was trained. Through the evaluation of dysmorphic features (DFs), a simple categorisation was created and correlated with clinical and neurological scores, and neuroimaging.

Results

Dysmorphology analysis of 31 patients (4–19 years of age) identified eight major DFs (strabismus, upslanted eyes, long fingers, lipodystrophy, wide mouth, inverted nipples, long philtrum and joint laxity) with predictive value using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curveanalysis (p<0.001). Dysmorphology categorisation using lipodystrophy and inverted nipples was employed to divide patients into three groups that are correlated with global clinical and neurological scores, and neuroimaging (p=0.005, 0.003 and 0.002, respectively). After Face2Gene training, PMM2-CDG patients were correctly identified at different ages.

Conclusions

PMM2-CDG patients’ DFs are consistent and inform about clinical severity when no clear phenotype–genotype correlation is known. We propose a classification of DFs into major and minor with diagnostic risk implications. At present, Face2Gene is useful to suggest PMM2-CDG. Regarding the prognostic value of DFs, we elaborated a simple severity dysmorphology categorisation with predictive value, and we identified five major DFs associated with clinical severity. Both dysmorphology and digital analysis may help physicians to diagnose PMM2-CDG sooner.