bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrument of communication with voice assistant and increased security
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Kulibaba S. O.
Published: January 2023

The work is devoted to the study of commercially oriented software systems for organizing people's communication and the formation of proposals for expanding their functional capabilities, including by expanding the methods of communication and increasing the level of safety of using the tool. Voice assistants or assistants are software that can perform tasks or services for the user based on given voice commands, that is, by processing and interpreting human speech. Possibilities of expanding the standard functionality of applications, which provide for communication between users and with the system, by introducing a voice assistant into the key functions of the application, are considered. To increase the level of application data security, an analysis of existing encryption tools was performed and a proprietary algorithm based on cryptographic encryption was proposed. Ensuring confidentiality and preserving the reliability of access to the program is proposed to be implemented on the basis of user identification technologies, in particular, the use of a human identification algorithm based on characteristic points on the face. To determine the effectiveness and competitiveness of the future system, an analysis of key indicators, the achievement of which must be ensured during the development process (indicators of functional completeness, portability, expansion, productivity, competitiveness in comparison with analogues) was carried out. Factors related to requirements management, change management, and documentation processes were taken into account when analyzing the commercial development and use of a product on a startup basis. The stages of the formation of the technical task for the system with the involvement of expert groups are described in detail. Ways of improvement that will ensure a high level of success of the future application are given. The architecture of the system based on the client-server approach is designed in such a way that it allows changes to be made both at the external (connection of third-party modules) and at the internal levels (modification of existing system components and addition of new ones).
Tools of awareness and training on information security in the context of digitalization
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Muzhanova T. M.
Published: January 2023

The article examines modern software tools for awareness and training personnel in the field of information security and identifies the main trends in their development. It is noted that the best ways to prevent information security incidents are to form personnel understanding the basic problems of information security and skills to overcome them, as well as the formation of safe behavior of each employee in the workplace. The study was based on the publication of the Forrester research company on the market of software solutions for Security Awareness and Training (SA&T). Forrester experts identified the best world-class SA&T software vendors in the following categories: leaders, strong performers, contenders and challengers, and analyzed their software products in detail. It was found that the vast majority of companies mentioned in the study are Western. Based on the SA&T software market research, the article identifies the following trends in this area: the focus of these programs on the formation of safety behavior and culture of personnel, not just knowledge and skills; individual approach to training for each company; quality content and a variety of methods, including gamification, microlearning and virtual reality; practical direction of training, which is carried out in conditions as close as possible to real; measuring the quality of training by further tracking changes in personnel behavior in the workplace; use of training and awareness tools for personnel as an integral part of the effective implementation of the corporate information security program.
Social engineering attacks life cycle and types
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Zaporozhchenko M. M.
Published: January 2023

Today, social engineering attacks are one of the most common methods for hackers to hack computer networks and information systems of organizations, steal credentials and other confidential information of users, and commit various cybercrimes. Socio-engineering attacks pose a particular threat to companies with large numbers of employees. Without proper training and education of staff, an attack on an employee who is not related to information security is more likely to be successful, but even such an employee may not be the main cause of a company's information security incident, but become one of the links in the attack chain. which the attacker created to achieve his ultimate goal. Given this, the need to raise awareness about socio-engineering attacks, namely how they are implemented and what types of them exist. This article describes the life cycle of social engineering attacks and the main methods that are used by attackers to implement such attacks. Company employees should be familiar with the signs and examples of various types of social engineering attacks in practice, the principles and rules for working with information, as well as the responsibility for violating these rules. To ensure data security, regulations and instructions should be created and communicated to the personnel, which should clearly spell out the rules for storing, processing, distributing and transferring information to third parties. Raising the awareness of the company's employees about the types of social engineering attacks will reduce the number of incidents implemented as a result of their occurrence.
Prospects of using modern machine training methods to improve sitting working conditions through analysis and control of human posture
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Brit Ya. O.
Published: January 2023

The article presents an analysis of the latest research conducted to monitor the health of workers with a sedentary lifestyle. The results show that about 75% of all workers in the developed world are in a sedentary position during their professional activities. This leads to long-term disturbances in a person's sitting posture, which in turn provokes musculoskeletal complications in the back, neck, shoulders, arms and legs. Chronic back pain is becoming a daily problem for many people, and in some cases even an occupational disease. It is determined that among the ways to combat the negative effects of sedentary lifestyle and work, one of the main ones is posture control and a cycle of appropriate physical exercises. Both ways require self-control of the individual, for some reminders from different gadgets. In recent years, «smart» devices and ancillary software that accompany modern man in trying to control his health have become more and more developed. One of the areas of research and development in this area is the study of possible ways to use machine learning in this area. The creation of the apparatus of machine learning tools and neural networks has been implemented, the main task of which is the analysis of human posture with images and video streams, output of results in a form acceptable for further use. The goals of the development are to create a system that will control a person during his work, reminding him of his posture, minimizing the potential negative impact on everyone's health. The created system has enough tools for accurate analysis of human posture from a static image and analysis with an accuracy of 92-94% of the video stream. Google Chrome Web Browser extension has been created for the API to use HTML markup language, CSS page style language, and JavaScript based on TensorFlow libraries that import pre-built and trained machine learning systems. This allows the user to control their posture while working on a personal computer at their workplace. The application provides an opportunity to independently monitor a person's posture and report in case of violations.
Security in ZigBee networks
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Sverdlyuk B. I.
Published: January 2023

When people start using home automation, they always feel the control of the home first: they believe that the future is now, and their application will be their console for life and do not pay attention to what they are losing. And suddenly the switch no longer works? After coming home at night, you have to pull out the phone, open the application, allow it to connect, and finally turn on the light. You can solve this problem with a presence sensor. Luminaires must work both with a switch (or button) at the entrance to the room and through a presence detector. Home automation should be compatible with the current workflow, not replace it. The only interface that can be more convenient and accessible to visitors of all ages is the voice interface. Take, for example, Apple: the only way to manage your HomeKit devices is Siri. Amazon has taken another step forward with Amazon Echo by providing a connected speaker/microphone that always listens. Voice interfaces are also not perfect. Command processing speed is low because you have to wait for an answer. There are also issues with command visibility, accent recognition, and cloud dependency for processing your voice. Good home automation is never annoying, it works unnoticed. Every year the interest in IoT grows, as various solutions appear on the market, differing in price, ecosystem and protocols used. One of the most popular smart home protocols today is Zigbee. Although ZigBee has been designed with security in mind, trade-offs have been made to ensure low cost, low power consumption and high device compatibility. For example, using the same encryption keys at different OSI levels of the same device. Such compromises inevitably lead to security risks. The aim of the article is to study the main security models of ZigBee and the shortcomings of network security.
Calculation of the formation of a network using antennas with a narrowly directed geometry of radio signal radiation
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Parkhomenko V. L.
Published: January 2023

The field of wireless information transfer is relevant and important in the modern world. The ever-increasing amount of data that needs to be sent per unit of time is constantly growing, which inevitably increases the requirements for all components involved in the transportation of packages between subscribers. The text of the article provides a brief overview of the existing characteristics of receiving and transmitting devices, software for modeling and calculation of the signal pattern, for example, for ultra-shortwave transmission system. To perform such calculations, it is suggested to use common software, such as MATLAB and similar computer programs for mathematical calculations. This significantly speeds up the result and increases its accuracy. Carrying out such calculations at the stage of network design and construction with the use of remote signal propagation and reception allows to achieve the maximum signal quality and power, as well as to minimize the cost of time and money in the further implementation of the complex. To achieve the best result, the use of modeling the pattern of the signal propagated by an antenna with a narrow geometry of the radiation of radio waves is considered. The main and additional channels of such a means of transmission and their impact on the main characteristics of the system depend on the parameters of the antenna, its location and position. Therefore, by selecting these parameters, it is possible to change the influence of radiation from space and the Earth, which qualitatively affects the transmission of radio signals in such a system. In the future, rationally develop the proposed method in the design of radio transmission systems, which will further improve the results.
Study of Information Computing Networks Security Investigation using CNN Technique
Authors: Abd Ali Doaa Mohsin
Published: January 2023

Information computing has molded the hypothetical as well as system derivation to tomorrow's analysis. Computing all over theplanet framework is quicklyacting into cloud development. Though it is significant for taking more time for could analyzing by moving it to separated areas, the security perspectives in a cloud-based computing environmental factors stay at the center of interest. Cloud subordinate divisions additionally expert centers have becoming progressed that have given elective mission design subject to cloud advancement. Against the introduction of different cloud-based networks with geographically dissipated information organization providers, fragile information of different components is normally saved in servers with remote situations against the possible results of becoming introduced to unwanted social events for situations where the cloud servers are settled to save such information. Atthe point when the security is not solid additionally fixed, the versatility, as well as advantages that cloud computing, offers that would be useful will have little acceptability. This study presents an investigation of theinformation computing standards similarly to security issues inherent inside the message concerning cloud analyzing with cloud structure. Additionally, an upgraded security strategy utilizing CNN will be proposed for enemies of assaults administration that will be contrasted and otheraccessible security geographies
An analysis of R&D Expenditure and Innovations (Product & Process) by SMEs anditsimpact on performance
Authors: Naveen S
Published: January 2023

The paper deals with recent research study on impact relation of R&D expenses and product / process innovations bySMEson performance. SMEs contribute 42% of industrial production. Many SMEs are resorting to any subcontract work like buildto print. However, OEMs and R&D organisations involving SMEs have been encouraging SMEs to be partner in R&D and innovations for product innovation to develop process. While it is understood that R&D is engine for growth in this study.R&D expenses, product and process impact on performance of growth in sales and growth in profitability.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN BANGLADESH: A MIXED METHODOLOGY APPROACH
Authors: Datta Sujit Kumar
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran kewirausahaan perempuan dalam proses pemberdayaan perempuan di Chittagong, Bangladesh. Studi ini meneliti hubungan antara bisnis perempuan dan pemberdayaan sosial perempuan. Sebanyak 160 responden diwawancarai selama fase pengumpulan data pertama (80 ibu rumah tangga non-usaha dan 80 ibu rumah tangga perusahaan). Berdasarkan kesimpulan penelitian ini, kewirausahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan perempuan dalam menentukan pilihan dalam keluarganya, khususnya di rumah. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perempuan pengusaha memiliki kontrol yang lebih besar atas sumber daya dan aset mereka daripada non-pengusaha (ibu rumah tangga). Mereka juga memiliki lebih banyak mobilitas sosial, keterlibatan politik, dan suara di rumah dan kesehatan keluarga mereka daripada wanita yang tidak bekerja. Di sisi lain, perempuan yang tidak bekerja dalam bisnis memiliki pengetahuan dan kesadaran yang lebih sedikit tentang perubahan iklim, penanggulangan bencana, dan hak-hak perempuan dibandingkan mereka yang melakukannya. Menurut temuan penelitian, memiliki akses cepat ke pinjaman pembayaran dengan syarat dan ketentuan yang menguntungkan sangat penting untuk kesuksesan bisnis. Penelitian lebih lanjut harus dilakukan di Chittagong, Bangladesh, di mana pendapatan rumah tangga perempuan signifikan untuk pertumbuhan sosial dan ekonomi.

Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, Pengusaha, Bangladesh, Pembangunan, Pengambilan Keputusan, SDGs.

Abstract

This research aimed to examine the role of female entrepreneurship in the process of female empowerment in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The study examined the link between women's business and women's social empowerment. A total of 160 respondents were interviewed throughout the first data-gathering phase (80 non-enterprise homemakers and 80 enterprise housewives). According to the conclusions of this study, entrepreneurship has a significant influence on women's ability to make choices in their families, notably at home. Additionally, this study discovered that businesswomen had greater control over their resources and assets than non-businesswomen (homemakers). They also have more social mobility, political involvement, and a say in their home and family's health than women who do not work. On the other hand, women who do not work in the business have less knowledge and awareness about climate change, disaster management, and women's rights than those who do. According to the research findings, having rapid access to a pay loan with favourable terms and conditions is critical to a business's success. More research should be done in Chittagong, Bangladesh, where household women's income is significant for social and economic growth.

Keywords: Empowerment, Entrepreneur, Bangladesh, Development, Decision Making, SDGs.
Comparison of Body Mass Index and Behavior of CERDIK of Individuals as Risk Factors of Suffering from Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Mugianti Sri , Riyadi Bastianus Doddy , Suyitno Juin Hadi , Suprajitno Suprajitno
Published: January 2023

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) occur in individuals of the productive age and its risk can be diminished if such individuals possess healthy behaviors. BMI is a calculation which is frequently administered to express individuals at risk of suffering from NCDs. Predicting the risk of an individual from suffering from non-communicable diseases is possible by employing CERDIK behavioral (knowledge, attitude, and actions) questionnaires, but it does not yet elaborate the role of body mass index (BMI). The objective of this study is to compare the body mass index and behavior with individuals’ risk factors suffering from non-communicable diseases. The study administered a cross-sectional design. The sample amounted to 200 individuals in the productive age who generally fast-food establishments in Blitar from April to June of 2022. Sample was selected by administering the simple random sampling method. The results demonstrated that merely few individuals experienced a high risk of contracting non-communicable diseases. Behavioral factors are no longer used to determine an individual's risk of developing non-communicable diseases when body mass index is taken into account as a contributing factor. Therefore, body mass index is not a risk factor. According to research, adopting healthy lifestyle habits can lower the risk of developing non-communicable diseases.
Dengue Control Model, Abate Sowing and Larvitrap Installation in Dengue Endemic Areas of Kupang City
Authors: Kristina R. H. , Theodolfi Ragu , Sila Oktofianus
Published: January 2023

The bite of the Aedes sp mosquito causes nearly 0 million people to be infected with the dengue virus annually, one of areas declared as an endemic area is East Nusa Tenggara Province. 5669 cases and 58 deaths due to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) were found in East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2020 (CFR 1.02%). Highly influential external factors include the availability of clean water, the crisis of drinking water and clean water, and poor condition of water container that do not meet the requirements. This study aims to manage Larvitrap installation movement and abatezation of the water containers in the community/households in Kupang City. This was a observational study with survey design regarding the installation of Larvitrap tool. The density of mosquito larvae was measured based on the House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau index (BI). 383 families were involved as the study samples who were selected using the accidental sampling technique. The results showed that there were 866 units of water resevoir (47.8%). Fatululi Village had the highest percentage of indoor water container by 15.7% (140 units), and Oesapa Village had the highest percentage of outdoor water container by 15.5% (143 units). The highest percentage of positive indoor water container was found in TDM and Kelapa Lima by 30.4%, while the highest percentage of positive outdoor water container was found in TDM village by 48.4%. Aedes aegypti larvae and Aedes albopictus larvae were identified in the indoor and outdoor water containers in TDM Village, while that were only aedes aegypti larvae found in six other villages. The positive larvitrap larvae found in Oebufu Village was 15%, 10% was found in Oesapa Village, while there were no larvae found in 5 other villages. The flick density index obtained the highest House Index (HI) in Kelapa Lima village by 58.33%, the highest Container Index (CI) was found in TDM village by 44.03% and the highest Breteau Index (BI) was found in TDM village by 218.75%. It can be concluded that it is necessary to conduct education on mosquito larvae control that involves active community participation and supervision towards weekly draining of community water containers. In addition, abate sprinkling and dengue vector control activities should be carried out simultaneously throughout Kupang City at the beginning of the rainy season, at the peak of case incidence and at the end of the rainy season.
Evaluation of the influence of hydrodynamic cavitation treatment of dark petroleum products on the yield of fractions with boiling points up to 400°C
Authors: Peshnev B. V. , Burlyaeva E. V. , Terenteva V. B. , Nikishin D. V. , Nikolaev A. I. , Andronov K. S.
Published: January 2023

Objectives. The reduction of the anthropogenic burden on the environment is generally associated with the transition to alternative energy sources. However, some of these have only regional significance, while the effectiveness of others remains doubtful. On this point, innovative processes aimed at increasing the depth of oil refining may be equally important for reducing the carbon footprint. Wave-based technologies such as cavitation may also be included in these processes. Among the various methods for inducing such cavitation phenomena in oil refining, hydrodynamic approaches are especially promising. It has been shown that the treatment effectiveness increases with greater pressure or when augmenting the number of cavitation processing cycles. The aim of this work is to identify the factor (i.e., pressure gradient or number of treatment cycles) having the greatest influence on the change of the characteristics of the oil product.

Methods. Cavitation phenomena were created by pumping dark oil products through a diffuser. The pressure gradient ranged from 20 to 50 MPa, while the number of cavitation processing cycles varied from 1 to 10. The influence of cavitation conditions on the change of fractional composition of petroleum products was analyzed. Target fractions are those having a boiling point up to 400°C.

Results. It is shown that increased pressure generated in the diffuser leads to a linear increase in the yield of desired cuts. The dependence of the yield of these fractions on the number of processing cycles is described by the growth model with saturation. A proposed equation describes the influence of pressure and number of cycles on the yield of the fractions from initial boiling point temperature (TIBP) to 400°C following cavitation processing of dark oil products. Some of the coefficients of this equation have been associated with the physicochemical characteristics of the feedstock.

Conclusions. An equation for predicting the maximum possible yield of the TJBP-400°C fraction as a result of cavitation processing under different conditions of the process is proposed according to the physicochemical characteristics of the feedstock. The prediction error did not exceed 12%. The equation analysis and comparison of energy consumption between different process regimes shows that a higher yield of the target product is achieved by increasing pressure gradient rather than the number of processing cycles.
Features of triamyl citrate synthesis
Authors: Shiryaeva A. D. , Moiseeva S. V. , Levanova S. V. , Glazko I. L.
Published: January 2023

Objectives. To find an effective way for obtaining triamyl citrate, an environmentally friendly, biodegradable citric acid ester used as a plasticizer for PVC-based polymer compositions.

Methods. The possibilities of heterogeneous catalysis were analyzed using the case study of three commercial samples of macroporous sulfocationites (Amberlyst™ 15, Amberlyst™ 70, and TULSION® 66). Homogeneous catalysis was studied using the example of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), while self-catalysis was investigated during esterification of citric acid with amyl alcohol (ROH). The syntheses were carried out under identical conditions: T = 110 °C, the ratio of CA:ROH = 1:5 (mol) amount of catalyst 1 wt % on the reaction mass in a thermostatically controlled reactor of ideal mixing with continuous distillation of the resulting water.

Results. It was found that in all variants (even under self-catalysis conditions), the conversion of citric acid in 180 min reached 94–99%. Triamyl citrate was formed after 9 h with a yield of 90% only when using a homogeneous catalyst (H3PO4) and in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst sample (Amberlyst ™ 15).

Conclusions. The revealed differences in the reactivity of the studied sulfocationites (Amberlyst™ 15, Amberlyst ™ 70, and TULSION® 66) confirm the well-known theoretical positions, according to which the kinetic pseudo-homogeneous model of the esterification process of hydroxy acids in excess of aliphatic alcohols is based on the law of acting masses and depends on the specific surface area of the catalyst, which for Amberlyst ™ 15 is of the greatest importance as compared to Amberlyst ™ 70 and TULSION® 66 (m2/g): 53:36:35, respectively.
Deep Learning for Clinical Image Classification of Genital Lesions Caused by Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: González-Alday R. , Peinado F. , Carrillo D. , Maojo V.
Published: January 2023

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are one of the world’s major health emergencies. Given its incidence and prevalence, particularly in developing countries, it is necessary to find new methods for early diagnosis and treatment. However, this can be complicated in geographical areas where medical care is limited. In this article, we present the basis of a deep learning-based system for image classification of genital lesions caused by these diseases, built using a convolutional neural network model and methods such as transfer learning and data augmentation. In addition, an explainability method (GradCam) is employed to enhance the interpretability of the obtained results. Finally, we developed a web framework to facilitate additional data collection and annotation. This work aims to be a starting point, a “proof of concept” to test various different approaches, for the development of more robust and trustworthy Artificial Intelligence approaches for medical care in STDs, which could substantially improve medical assistance in the near future, particularly in developing regions.
ANALISIS SHARIA GOVERNANCE & STRUKTUR MODAL TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN SYARIAH BERDASARKAN STANDAR AAOIFI
Authors: Tazkiya Hasina , Muhammad Rifqi
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the influence competency of SSB, SSB size, board of directors’ meetings, board tenure, audit committee, firm size, and leverage on the level of disclosure of sharia compliance based on AAOIFI standards in Indonesia and Malaysia for the period 2011-2020 using DPS disclosure based on AAOIFI Governance Standard No. 1 & 5. The population of this study were Sharia commercial banks in Indonesia and Malaysia using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed by panel data regression. The results showed that the variable competence of DPS, the number of DPS, and the board of Directors meeting a positive effect on sharia compliance. While the variable tenure of the board of Directors, audit Committee, firm size, and leverage does not affect sharia compliance
PENGARUH DISEMINASI PERPAJAKAN DAN MUTU LAYANAN TAX TERHADAP KINERJA PELAYANAN KANTOR PELAYANAN PAJAK DENGAN KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Chasanah Uswatun , Fitri Wahyuningtyas Yunita , Chairman Olways Affandi Syaifullah
Published: January 2023

This research discusses the effect of tax socialization and the quality of tax services on the service performance of the Small Tax Office (Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama) with taxpayer compliance as an intervening variable. This research was conducted at Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Pratama Yogyakarta. The population in this research were taxpayers registered at the KPP Pratama Yogyakarta before 2021, which recorded as much as 152,834. The number of samples in this research was calculated by Slovin formula and determined based on the purposive sampling method. The data used in this research is primary data obtained through an online questionnaire of 100 respondents. This research has been done through Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) approach using SmartPLS ver. 3.3.3 for Windows software.
The results of this research show that tax socialization has a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance and service performance. The quality of tax services also has a positive and significant effect on service performance but does not affect taxpayer compliance. Furthermore, as an intervening variable, taxpayer compliance is statistically qualified to mediate the effect of tax socialization on service performance but fails to mediate the effect of service quality on service performance.
Common or Differentiated Responsibility?: Leveling the Playing Field for the Global South in Sustainable Development with a Focus on Africa
Authors:   Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation, Kim Bo Kyung , Shim Yeri
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This article reviews the responsibility gap between the Global North and Global South in implementing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It utilizes a conceptual framework which serves as a middle ground between shared responsibility and common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR), thereby applying this to the case of Africa.
Originality: While the global initiative of SDGs reaffirmed a collective commitment toward a transformative agenda, there has been lack of explicit discussions regarding how to balance responsibilities between developed and developing countries based on their respective capacities. The study reviews existing discussions on contrasting approaches to responsibilities for the implementation of the development goals and seeks to suggest a fairer option for the Global South.
Methodology: The study employs content analysis based on secondary data of development initiatives, including the SDGs, Africa Agenda 2063, and discussions on CBDR. Reviewing the dichotomized approaches to responsibility, ‘customized responsibility based on capacity principle’ is used as a conceptual framework, which bridges the responsibility gap.
Result: Applying the customized responsibility concept to the case of Africa, it was found that Africa has been practicing some aspects of both shared responsibility and CBDR in its engagement with global development initiatives and its adoption of regional development agendas. It is also demonstrated that changing global governance and the diversifying partnerships (South-South and triangular cooperation) present both opportunities and risks for the Global South in balancing the responsibility gap vis-à-vis development partners of the Global North.
Conclusion and Implication: In an attempt to examine how the Global South can actively reflect upon global initiatives, the study contributes to suggesting the path towards sustainability. Even though the issue of mobilizing financial resources for achieving the SDGs is a highly political one, building on the conceptual analysis of responsibility has important implications to expand realistic alternatives from the viewpoint of the Global South.
Education Development as Gaebal or Balgeon?: Focusing on the Analysis of the Content and Value of International Education Development Cooperation Studies in Korea
Authors:   Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation, Yoo Sung-Sang , Kim Gahyung
Published: January 2023

Purpose: ‘Development’ is translated into ‘gaebal’ or ‘balgeon’ in Korean. However, if they are not differentiated when used with education, it muddles grasping the relationship between education and development. Therefore, this study examines how ‘gaebal’ and ‘balgeon’ are used in international education development cooperation by analyzing research on ‘education development’.
Originality: The terminological choice is how to view the object referred to by each term, and so is the choice of ‘gaebal’ and ‘balgeon.’ In particular, education has both intrinsic and extrinsic nature, and the usage of ‘gaebal’ or ‘balgeon’ represents our approach toward education. Therefore, this study will contrast the challenges and underlying approach to international education development cooperation.
Methodology: 24 research on education development were qualitatively analyzed. The collected articles were analyzed on two axes: the usage of the term for ‘gaebal’ or ‘balgeon’ and the senses distinction reflecting the value dimension of education.
Result: The research articles were primarily classified into six categories which are located in four dimensions: Instrumental Development(Gaebal) Education; Developmental(Balgeon) Education toward Education Development; Educational Development(Balgeon) dotted with Education Gaebal; and Fossilized Education Development(Gaebal) Cooperation. A number of studies fall into the third area, where ‘balgeon’ is confused with ‘gaebal’, and the essence of education is limited to means. When education becomes means along with ‘gaebal’, education becomes a tool. Thus, the first and fourth dimensions also need to be reviewed.
Conclusion and Implication: It coins with the paradigms of “Education for Development” and “Development as Education” by Yoo et al.(2019). The former corresponds to education development as ‘gaebal,’ in which education and individuals become means of economic growth. It shares Goulet's idea that development shrinks to economic growth, loses ethics, and paradoxically leads to underdevelopment. We need education development as ‘balgeon’ paradigm that uses economic growth as a means and aims for human development.
Research on the Diversification of ODA Evaluation Criteria: Focusing on the Analysis of Stakeholder Perception
Authors:   Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation, Kim Youngsu , Kim Yoonho
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The OECD DAC presents six evaluation criteria. However, this study searches for additional evaluation criteria so that it can allow ODA evaluators to select appropriate evaluation criteria depending on their evaluation purpose and ODA requirements.
Originality: Korean government has mechanically applied the six criteria suggested by DAC in evaluating its ODA policy. However, this practice may not meet the various objectives of numerous Korean ODA stakeholders. Thus, it is important to look for additional ODA evaluation criteria which reflect the opinions of the ODA stakeholders. This research aims to make contribution to the field of ODA policy by identifying additional ODA evaluation criteria.
Methodology: This research used ‘constituency approach’ of organization theory to find additional ODA evaluation criteria. Initially, seven new (additional) evaluation criteria were identified based on the literature on policy evaluation of public administration and on international debates regarding ODA evaluation reform. Then, the seven criteria were presented to relevant stakeholders (or constituents) in government, public agencies, academia/research institutes, and private sector to conduct survey on the adequacy of the standards. The survey data were analyzed by SPSS ANOVA method.
Result: The ANOVA analyses narrowed down the initial seven additional evaluation criteria to five which consist of Korean-style ODA, mutual cooperation, ownership, diversity/equity/inclusion, and democracy.
Conclusion and Implication: It is critical to utilize various ODA evaluation criteria to which the ODA constituents can consent. By doing so, ODA policy can adequately evaluate its projects which tend to have diverse objectives and stakeholders. Thus, it is urgently required for the Korean government to adopt new ODA evaluation system, and revise its manuals accordingly.
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Acquired Brain Injury: A Case Series
Authors:   MBBS, Consultant Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India, Duraisamy Jayaprakash , P.R Rajkumar ,   MBBS, Consultant Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India, K.S Thirumurthy ,   MBBS, Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India, Rajkumar Akshay ,   Raja Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India, Denishya Saju ,   MBBS, Junior Resident, Department of Neurosurgery, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by paroxysmal and transient episodes of fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, and dystonia following non-noxious stimuli. It is a rare clinical condition and is seen in patients with acquired brain injury (trauma, meningitis, encephalitis, and stroke). Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity-assessment measure (PSH-AM) is a clinical tool for diagnosing PSH. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and the outcomes of PSH. Case Presentation: Of the 412 patients admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit at PSGIMSR, Coimbatore, India, 11 (2.6%) patients were diagnosed to have PSH according to the PSH-AM scale. Trauma (72%) was the leading cause of the development of PSH. All patients (100%) had developed at least two PSH episodes per day that persisted for at least 3 consecutive days. Tachycardia and tachypnea were the most common symptoms noted in all PSH patients. The Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) was less than 3 in 72% of PSH cases at the time of discharge, indicating a poor outcome. Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury remained the leading cause of PSH. The duration of hospitalization was increased in patients with PSH. Along with the prompt treatment of the primary disease, appropriate medications to overcome sympathetic hyperactivity ensure better recovery for these patients. Patients with PSH had relatively poor GOS at the time of discharge.
Novel Combination of Harrington and Pedicular Screw Fixation in Traumatic Fracture-dislocation of Thoracic Spine: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Ehsaei Mohamad-Reza , Mohazzab-Torabi Saman ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Haghir Amirhossein ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Maleki-Pour Bahador ,   Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Abouei Mehriz Mohammad Ali ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Published: January 2023

Background and Importance: Fracture-dislocation of the thoracic or lumbar spine (traumatic spondyloptosis) occurs in less than 5% of all spinal injuries mainly affecting the ventral direction. Case Presentation: A paraplegic young man was admitted to Shahid Kamyab Hospital in Mashhad City, Iran due to a motor vehicle accident. Computerized tomography (CT) showed a complete posterior dislocation of the T10 vertebral body on T9, with the superior articular processes of T9 bilaterally locked in the inferior endplate of T10 and complete fractures of the posterior elements. Conclusion: The spinal dislocation was re-aligned by a combination of Harrington fixation and pedicular screws leading to spinal fusion. Six months after surgery, the patient was still paraplegic but the sensory symptoms in the lower extremities and clean intermittent catheterization improved.
Application of 5-ALA Fluorescence-guided Resection in Patients Suffering From High-grade Gliomas: A Report of 30 Consecutive Cases and a Literature Review
Authors:   School of Medicine, Qeshm International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran AND Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Mirahmadi Eraghi Mohammad , Javadi Seyed Amir Hossein ,   Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAND Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Mortazavi Martin ,   California Institute of Neuroscience, Los Angeles, Ca, USA, Mosallami Aghili Seyed Morsal ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Pestei Seyed Khalil ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim: The extent of resection seems a solid prognostic factor in patients with high-grade gliomas (HGGs). When administered orally, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is exclusively converted into protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) by malignant cells and detects, identifying contrast-enhancing glial lesions under 400 nm blue light. The authors thoroughly assess the efficacy, accuracy, and safety profile of 5-ALA-guided surgery toward the maximal resection of cranial HGGs. Case Presentation: Thirty consecutive patients with HGG adjacent to the corticospinal tract (CST) met our inclusion criteria in a single-arm retrospective study. Bilateral diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived corticospinal tract (CST) tractography was employed using a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Oral 5-ALA was ingested with a dose of 20 mg/kg 4 hours prior to operation and was applied to qualify the margins of the local resection cavity. The clinical and volumetric assessments were postoperatively conducted. The mean preoperative tumor volume on T1 contrast-enhanced MRI and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images was 16.8 cm3 and 47.6 cm3, respectively. Complete resection of contrast-enhanced lesions was yielded in 27 of 30 patients (90%). All patients improved postoperatively regarding motor deficits and or seizures. No new permanent neurological deficits were detected in the 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: Fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) using 5-ALA increases the extent of resection (EOR) with further surgical risks in eloquent regions when combined with multimodality visualization- functional mapping. It also provides pathological insights to visualize cranial HGGs and identify infiltration of functional fiber tracts.
The effect of the causative agent of listeriosis on the body of broiler chickens under experimental conditions
Authors: Borovyk I. V. , Zazharska N. M. , Fotina T. I.
Published: January 2023

Ross Cobb 500 chickens (40) were divided into four groups of 10 animals. On the 15th day of life, Chickens from experimental groups were orally infected with a daily culture at a dose of 0.5 Mac Farland-1 ml (1.5×108 CFU/cm3) L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. monocytogenes). One group was a control group. At the time of slaughter, on the 38th day of the chickens' life, blood samples were taken for biochemical and hematological studies. At the end of the experiment, in the control group of chickens, all animals (10) were alive; in the L. innocua, L. ivanovii, and L. monocytogenes groups, 8, 9, and 7 birds remained, respectively. Infection of poultry with the causative agent of listeriosis did not affect the weight of experimental broiler chickens; the average weight of infected animals was almost at the same level as the control group: L. monocytogenes (2278.5 ± 169.6 g), L. ivanovii (2422.8 ± 63.4 g), L. innocua (2358.0 ± 68.9 g), control group (2320.0 ± 70.8 g). Among the biochemical indicators of the blood of broiler chickens, specific biochemical changes were found, which were characterized, first of all, by an increase in the level of creatinine and the ratio of Ca and P and a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The established changes may indicate a violation of metabolic processes in bone and muscle tissue due to the action of Listeria. According to the results of hematological studies of the broilers of the control and experimental groups, it was established that heterophilia due to L. monocytogenes, eosinophilia, and lymphocytosis – due to L. ivanovii and L. innocua compared to the control.
Clinical manifestations of taste distortion in highly productive cows
Authors: Sidashova S. O. , Gutyj B. V. , Shnaider V. L. , Honcharenko V. V. , Shcherbatyi A. R. , Stadnytska O. I. , Hulenko M. P.
Published: January 2023

The results of a comprehensive examination of a group (n = 179) of high-yielding cows of the second half of lactation (more than 200 days) with diagnosed pregnancy (80–225 days of pregnancy) during 30 days of visual observation, among which 6 individuals (3.35 %) were found. symptoms of altaphagia (distortion of taste). Analysis of the biochemical profile of blood serum showed the presence of a number of subclinical abnormalities in a number of indicators, namely (in parentheses are the reference values): Ca/P – 0.92 units (1.1–1.6); total protein – 50.52 g/l (70–85); albumin/globulin – 3.63 units (0.6–1.3); ALT – 35.32 g/l (10–30); AST – 97.32 g/l (10–50); creatinine – 186.10 μmol/l (80–130); alkaline phosphatase – 323.38 units (100–200); urea – 5.08 mmol/l (3.5–6.0). Due to the fact that the active livestock of the dairy complex was provided with fodder base, timely addition of optimized according to modern standards complete mixed diet with 4 % mineral premix, the main causes of biochemical metabolic disorders can be considered dysfunction of intestinal microbiota, digestive and protective functions. of the mucous membrane due to chronic latent inflammatory processes, which was confirmed by the results of the assessment of feed transit (40.09 % of the remains of the daily diet of cows remained after washing of manure samples, which differed in a significant amount of undigested feed components and the inclusion of exfoliated necrotic particles of the mucous membrane). The latent course and accumulation of alimentary pathologies of the digestive tract contributed to the formation of a negative background for the symptoms of endogenous hunger in cows, manifested by signs of altrophagia, which were only clinical and ethological signals of chronic metabolic disorders in many high-yielding lactation groups. Given the importance of maintaining a high physiological status of dairy cows for profitable dairy production, the need to continue research to study the ethological signals of animals remains relevant to find effective means of preventing foodborne illness, including normoflorization of digestive mucosa.