bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Polymyxin E and Polymyxin B as an Additive to Pulmonary Surfactant in Escherichia coli Pneumonia of Ventilated Neonatal Rabbits
Authors: Stichtenoth Guido , Haegerstrand-Björkman Marie , Walter Gabi , Linderholm Bim , Herting Egbert , Curstedt Tore
Published: June 2017

Background: Ascending maternofetal bacterial infections often result in premature birth and neonatal respiratory distress. These neonates are treated with exogenous pulmonary surfactant (SF) and systemic antibiotics. Polymyxins are antimicrobiotic peptides that may bind to SF phospholipids. Objectives: Does topical administration of SF/polymyxin reduce bacterial growth in neonatal rabbit pneumonia and improve pulmonary function? Methods: Neonatal rabbits were tracheotomized and treated intratracheally with mixtures of porcine SF, SF/polymyxin E (PxE), or polymyxin B (PxB). Control animals received saline. Animals were then inoculated with Escherichia coli and ventilated for 4 h. During the experiment, peak insufflation pressures, dynamic lung compliance, and ECG were recorded. Pulmonary and renal bacterial load were determined. Lung histology was performed. Lung and kidney IL-8 were measured in subgroups. Results: Eighty-five animals were included in 2 experimental series, of which 78% survived 4 h of ventilation. E. coli inoculation caused severe neonatal pneumonia with median IL-8 levels of 2.2 ng/g in the lungs compared to a median of 0.2 ng/g in the lungs of the saline controls (p < 0.01). Lung compliance after 4 h was significantly increased at a mean of 0.48 ml/(kg·cm H2O) in the SF group and 0.43 in the SF + PxE group compared to 0.35 in the E. coli group (p < 0.01). In direct comparison, bacterial growth found in the E. coli group was reduced 20-fold in the SF + PxB group compared to 75-fold in the SF + PxE group. Conclusion: Addition of polymyxin to SF effectively promotes antimicrobial treatment and improves lung function in neonatal pneumonia of rabbits.
Antipsychotic-Induced Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis: Pharmacology, Criteria, and Therapy
Authors: Chouinard Guy , Samaha Anne-Noël , Chouinard Virginie-Anne , Peretti Charles-Siegfried , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Takase Masayuki , Iyo Masaomi
Published: June 2017

The first-line treatment for psychotic disorders remains antipsychotic drugs with receptor antagonist properties at D2-like dopamine receptors. However, long-term administration of antipsychotics can upregulate D2 receptors and produce receptor supersensitivity manifested by behavioral supersensitivity to dopamine stimulation in animals, and movement disorders and supersensitivity psychosis (SP) in patients. Antipsychotic-induced SP was first described as the emergence of psychotic symptoms with tardive dyskinesia (TD) and a fall in prolactin levels following drug discontinuation. In the era of first-generation antipsychotics, 4 clinical features characterized drug-induced SP: rapid relapse after drug discontinuation/dose reduction/switch of antipsychotics, tolerance to previously observed therapeutic effects, co-occurring TD, and psychotic exacerbation by life stressors. We review 3 recent studies on the prevalence rates of SP, and the link to treatment resistance and psychotic relapse in the era of second-generation antipsychotics (risperidone, paliperidone, perospirone, and long-acting injectable risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole). These studies show that the prevalence rates of SP remain high in schizophrenia (30%) and higher (70%) in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. We then present neurobehavioral findings on antipsychotic-induced supersensitivity to dopamine from animal studies. Next, we propose criteria for SP, which describe psychotic symptoms and co-occurring movement disorders more precisely. Detection of mild/borderline drug-induced movement disorders permits early recognition of overblockade of D2 receptors, responsible for SP and TD. Finally, we describe 3 antipsychotic withdrawal syndromes, similar to those seen with other CNS drugs, and we propose approaches to treat, potentially prevent, or temporarily manage SP.
Early Halt of a Randomized Controlled Study with 3% Hypertonic Saline in Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: Carsin Ania , Sauvaget Emilie , Bresson Violaine , Retornaz Karine , Cabrera Maria , Jouve Elisabeth , Truillet Romain , Bosdure Emmanuelle , Dubus Jean-Christophe
Published: June 2017

Background: Albeit not recommended because of contradictory results, nebulized 3% hypertonic saline is widely used for treating acute viral bronchiolitis. Whether clinical differences may be attributed to the type of nebulizer used has never been studied. Objectives: By modifying the amount of salt deposited into the airways, the nebulizer characteristics might influence clinical response. Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial included infants hospitalized in a French university hospital for a first episode of bronchiolitis. Each child received 6 nebulizations of 3% hypertonic saline during 48 h delivered with 1 of the 3 following nebulizers: 2 jet nebulizers delivering large or small particles, with a low aerosol output, and 1 mesh nebulizer delivering small particles, with a high aerosol output. The primary endpoint was the difference in the Wang score at 48 h. Results: Only 61 children of 168 were recruited before stopping this study because of severe adverse events (n = 4) or parental requests for discontinuation due to discomfort to their child during nebulization (n = 2). One minor adverse event was noted in 91.8% (n = 56/61) of children. A high aerosol output induced 75% of the severe adverse events; it was significantly associated with the nebulization-induced cough between 24 and 48 h (p = 0.036). Decreases in Wang scores were not significantly different between the groups at 48 h, 9 recoveries out of 10 being obtained with small particles. Conclusion: No beneficial effects and possibly severe adverse events are observed with 3% hypertonic saline in the treatment of bronchiolitis.
Uniparental Disomy of Chromosome 15 in Two Cases by Chromosome Microarray: A Lesson Worth Thinking
Authors: Liu Shu , Zhang Kaihui , Song Fengling , Yang Yali , Lv Yuqiang , Gao Min , Liu Yi , Gai Zhongtao
Published: June 2017

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are neurogenetic disorders caused by loss of function of the imprinted genes at 15q11q13. A 5-7 Mb paternal/maternal deletion of chromosomal region 15q11.2q13 is the major genetic cause of PWS/AS, but in a small group of patients, the PWS/AS phenotype can result from maternal/paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 15. Various mechanisms leading to UPD include gametic complementation, trisomy rescue, and compensatory UPD, which can be inferred from the pattern of uniparental heterodisomy (heteroUPD) or uniparental isodisomy (isoUPD). However, heteroUPD and isoUPD, especially mixed heteroUPD and isoUPD, are very rare in patients with PWS/AS. Here, we report 2 children with PWS/AS caused by mixed segmental heteroUPD 15 and isoUPD 15 which failed to be identified by chromosome microarray (CMA) but could be detected by other molecular genetic methods. The present report unravels the mechanism of mixed iso/heteroUPD 15 in PWS/AS and phenotype-genotype correlations. Moreover, our study suggests that CMA is prone to misdiagnosis for imprinting disorders such as PWS/AS, though it is considered a highly useful tool for copy number variations. As a result, other molecular detection methods, such as methylation analysis and STR marker analysis for UPD, should be supplementary used in this situation.
The Dermoscopic “Pluck Out Sign” for Beard Trichotillomania
Authors: Cutrone Mario , Grimalt Ramon
Published: June 2017

Beard trichotillomania (TTM) is a rather uncommon entity. Hair is not easily plucked from the beard area, as patients need forceps or tweezers to perform their task. The diagnosis of beard TTM can be quite tricky as the location is not the most frequent one. Dermoscopy might in these cases be helpful to achieve the correct diagnosis. In this article, we describe for the first time the “pluck out sign” for beard TTM.
Efficacy of Paclitaxel in a Patient with Inoperable Pulmonary Vein Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Kounami Shinji  , Tsujimoto Hiroshi , Ichikawa Takayuki , Yoshiyama Megumi , Yuzaki Mitsuru , Nishimura Yoshiharu , Suzuki Hiroyuki
Published: June 2017

Pulmonary vein leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare and has a poor prognosis. Surgical resection with a wide margin seems to offer the only chance of cure. The role of adjuvant therapy is controversial, and the exact efficacy of chemotherapy has not been observed. In this report, we present an 18-year-old male patient with pulmonary vein leiomyosarcoma in whom the use of paclitaxel (PAX) proved to be effective. Because the tumor originated from the left superior pulmonary vein and diffused into the left atrial wall and the junction of the right superior pulmonary vein and left atrium, the en bloc excision of the tumor was impossible. The first-line chemotherapy, including ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and dacarbazine, in conjugation with radiation therapy could not demonstrate any effect on the tumor size. However, the following PAX-containing regimen provided complete regression of the tumor. After PAX-based high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, the patient showed complete remission for 2 years. Although he suffered metastatic recurrences and died 4 years after the onset of symptoms, our patient’s clinical course clearly reveals the efficacy of PAX.
Case Report of Spontaneous Remission of Biopsy-Proven Idiopathic Immune Complex-Mediated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Shah Rehan , Segal Mark S. , Wilkowski Michael J.
Published: June 2017

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a histopathologic diagnosis causing microscopic hematuria, nephrotic range proteinuria, and chronic renal failure. Current understanding divides pathogenesis into two broad categories: immune complex mediated and complement mediated (now termed C3 glomerulopathy). The term idiopathic immune complex-mediated MPGN would apply to a patient without an identifiable source of immune complex production and no evidence of C3 glomerulopathy. Presented is a patient with idiopathic immune complex mediated MPGN and her clinical course. The patient opted for conservative therapy with losartan, carvedilol, chlorthalidone, and atorvastatin. Nephrotic range proteinuria of 8.7 g per day resolved over 5 months, with improvement of serum from 3.3 to 1.2 mg/dL. Remission continues at follow-up 21 months after biopsy. For idiopathic immune complex-mediated MPGN, resorting to empiric immunosuppression therapy may not be the best option. As this patient demonstrates, a conservative approach of blood pressure control with anti-renin-angiotensin agents, control of lipids, and watchful follow-up can be successful.
Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Cervantes Jessica , Perper Marina , Wong Lulu L. , Eber Ariel E. , Villasante Fricke Alexandra C. , Wikramanayake Tongyu Cao , Jimenez Joaquin J.
Published: June 2017

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a hair loss disorder affecting 80% of men and 50% of women throughout their lifetime. Therapies for AGA are limited and there is no cure. There is a high demand for hair restoration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a treatment modality shown to promote wound healing, has also been explored as a treatment for AGA. This literature review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of PRP treatment for AGA. Twelve studies conducted from 2011 to 2017 were evaluated and summarized by study characteristics, mode of preparation, and treatment protocols. A total of 295 subjects were given PRP or control treatment in these studies, and evaluated for terminal hair density, hair quality, anagen/telogen hair ratio, keratinocyte proliferation, blood vessel density, etc. Some studies also provided subject self-assessment reports. Most of the studies reviewed showed effectiveness of PRP in increasing terminal hair density/diameter. Additional investigations are needed to determine the optimal treatment regimen for high efficacy of PRP in AGA.
Qiliqiangxin Attenuates Adverse Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction in Ovariectomized Mice via Activation of PPARγ
Authors: Shen Shutong , Jiang Huimin , Bei Yihua , Zhang Jialiang , Zhang Haifeng , Zhu Hongsheng , Zhang Chenlin , Yao Wenming , Wei Cong , Shang Hongcai , Li Xinli
Published: June 2017

Background/Aims: This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medication Qiliqiangxin (QLQX) on adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) in bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Methods: Eight-week old female C57BL/6 mice were operated to ligate the left anterior descending coronary artery seven days after bilateral ovariectomy and were orally administered either QLQX or vehicle. 21 days after ligation, echocardiography was performed to evaluate the heart function of all mice. Masson's Trichrome staining was applied to evaluate myocardial fibrosis. Collagen deposition was determined by the mRNA level of Collagen I, Collagen III and α-SMA using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Myocardial apoptosis was examined by the protein level of Bax, Bcl2 and the Bcl2/Bax ratio using western blotting. Results: These mice displayed a significant reduction in heart function, increased myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, and decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the heart tissue, which could be reversed by QLQX treatment. Inhibition of PPAR reduced QLQX-mediated cardio-protective effects, while PPARγ activation did not further enhance the beneficial effect of QLQX. Furthermore, QLQX upregulated 9 genes (Cd36, Fatp, Pdk4, Acadm, Acadl, Acadvl, Cpt1a, Cpt1b and Cpt2) facilitating energy metabolism in the MI hearts of the OVX mice and 5 (Acadm, Acadl, Cpt1a, Cpt1b, Cpt2) of the 9 genes were the downstream targets of PPARγ. Conclusion: The present study indicates that QLQX has a treatment effect on pathological remodeling post MI in bilateral OVX female mice via activation of PPARγ, suggesting that QLQX may be a promising prescription for the treatment of postmenopausal women suffering from MI.
A Novel Single-Domain Antibody Against von Willebrand Factor A1 Domain Resolves Leukocyte Recruitment and Vascular Leakage During Inflammation—Brief Report
Authors: Aymé Gabriel , Adam Frédéric , Legendre Paulette , Bazaa Amine , Proulle Valérie , Denis Cécile V. , Christophe Olivier D. , Lenting Peter J.
Published: June 2017

Objective—

von Willebrand factor (VWF) is crucial to hemostasis, but also plays a role in inflammatory processes. Unfortunately, no proper monoclonal antibodies to study VWF function in mice are currently available. We therefore aimed to generate single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) recognizing murine VWF and blocking its function in vivo.

Approach and Results—

Llama-derived sdAbs recognizing both human and murine VWF were isolated via phage display technology. One of them (designated KB-VWF-006) recognized the VWF A1 domain with picomolar affinity. This sdAb avidity was strongly enhanced via dimerization using a triple Ala linker (KB-VWF-006bi). When administered in vivo to wild-type mice, KB-VWF-006bi dose dependently induced bleeding in a tail clip model. In 2 distinct models of inflammation, KB-VWF-006bi efficiently interfered with leukocyte recruitment and vascular leakage.

Conclusions—

KB-VWF-006bi is an sdAb recognizing the A1 domain of human VWF and murine VWF that interferes with VWF–platelet interactions in vivo. By using this sdAb, we now also show that the A1 domain is pertinent to the participation of VWF in the inflammatory response.
Ager
Deletion Enhances Ischemic Muscle Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Blood Flow Recovery in Diabetic Mice
Authors: López-Díez Raquel , Shen Xiaoping , Daffu Gurdip , Khursheed Md , Hu Jiyuan , Song Fei , Rosario Rosa , Xu Yunlu , Li Qing , Xi Xiangmei , Zou Yu Shan , Li Huilin , Schmidt Ann Marie , Yan Shi Fang
Published: June 2017

Objective—

Diabetic subjects are at higher risk of ischemic peripheral vascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) block angiogenesis and blood flow recovery after hindlimb ischemia induced by femoral artery ligation through modulation of immune/inflammatory mechanisms.

Approach and Results—

Wild-type mice rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and subjected to unilateral femoral artery ligation displayed increased accumulation and expression of AGEs and RAGE in ischemic muscle. In diabetic wild-type mice, femoral artery ligation attenuated angiogenesis and impaired blood flow recovery, in parallel with reduced macrophage content in ischemic muscle and suppression of early inflammatory gene expression, including
Ccl2
(chemokine [C-C motif] ligand-2) and
Egr1
(early growth response gene-1) versus nondiabetic mice. Deletion of
Ager
(gene encoding RAGE) or transgenic expression of
Glo1
(reduces AGEs) restored adaptive inflammation, angiogenesis, and blood flow recovery in diabetic mice. In diabetes mellitus, deletion of
Ager
increased circulating Ly6C
hi
monocytes and augmented macrophage infiltration into ischemic muscle tissue after femoral artery ligation. In vitro, macrophages grown in high glucose display inflammation that is skewed to expression of tissue damage versus tissue repair gene expression. Further, macrophages grown in high versus low glucose demonstrate blunted macrophage–endothelial cell interactions. In both settings, these adverse effects of high glucose were reversed by
Ager
deletion in macrophages.

Conclusions—

These findings indicate that RAGE attenuates adaptive inflammation in hindlimb ischemia; underscore microenvironment-specific functions for RAGE in inflammation in tissue repair versus damage; and illustrate that AGE/RAGE antagonism may fill a critical gap in diabetic peripheral vascular disease.
Dedifferentiation, Proliferation, and Redifferentiation of Adult Mammalian Cardiomyocytes After Ischemic Injury
Authors: Wang Wei Eric , Li Liangpeng , Xia Xuewei , Fu Wenbin , Liao Qiao , Lan Cong , Yang Dezhong , Chen Hongmei , Yue Rongchuan , Zeng Cindy , Zhou Lin , Zhou Bin , Duan Dayue Darrel , Chen Xiongwen , Houser Steven R. , Zeng Chunyu
Published: June 2017

Background:

Adult mammalian hearts have a limited ability to generate new cardiomyocytes. Proliferation of existing adult cardiomyocytes (ACMs) is a potential source of new cardiomyocytes. Understanding the fundamental biology of ACM proliferation could be of great clinical significance for treating myocardial infarction (MI). We aim to understand the process and regulation of ACM proliferation and its role in new cardiomyocyte formation of post-MI mouse hearts.

Methods:

β-Actin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice and fate-mapping Myh6-MerCreMer-tdTomato/lacZ mice were used to trace the fate of ACMs. In a coculture system with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, ACM proliferation was documented with clear evidence of cytokinesis observed with time-lapse imaging. Cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult mouse post-MI heart was detected by cell cycle markers and 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine incorporation analysis. Echocardiography was used to measure cardiac function, and histology was performed to determine infarction size.

Results:

In vitro, mononucleated and bi/multinucleated ACMs were able to proliferate at a similar rate (7.0%) in the coculture. Dedifferentiation proceeded ACM proliferation, which was followed by redifferentiation. Redifferentiation was essential to endow the daughter cells with cardiomyocyte contractile function. Intercellular propagation of Ca
2+
from contracting neonatal rat ventricular myocytes into ACM daughter cells was required to activate the Ca
2+
-dependent calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cell signaling pathway to induce ACM redifferentiation. The properties of neonatal rat ventricular myocyte Ca
2+
transients influenced the rate of ACM redifferentiation. Hypoxia impaired the function of gap junctions by dephosphorylating its component protein connexin 43, the major mediator of intercellular Ca
2+
propagation between cardiomyocytes, thereby impairing ACM redifferentiation. In vivo, ACM proliferation was found primarily in the MI border zone. An ischemia-resistant connexin 43 mutant enhanced the redifferentiation of ACM-derived new cardiomyocytes after MI and improved cardiac function.

Conclusions:

Mature ACMs can reenter the cell cycle and form new cardiomyocytes through a 3-step process: dedifferentiation, proliferation, and redifferentiation. Intercellular Ca
2+
signal from neighboring functioning cardiomyocytes through gap junctions induces the redifferentiation process. This novel mechanism contributes to new cardiomyocyte formation in post-MI hearts in mammals.
Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Authors: Derdeyn Colin P. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Cooke Daniel L. , Feldmann Edward , Sheehan Jason P. , Torner James C.
Published: June 2017

Purpose—

The aim of this statement is to review the current data and to make suggestions for the diagnosis and management of both ruptured and unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations.

Methods—

The writing group met in person and by teleconference to establish search terms and to discuss narrative text and suggestions. Authors performed their own literature searches of PubMed, Medline, or Embase, specific to their allocated section, through the end of January 2015. Prerelease review of the draft statement was performed by expert peer reviewers and by the members of the Stroke Council Scientific Oversight Committee and Stroke Council Leadership Committee.

Results—

The focus of the scientific statement was subdivided into epidemiology; diagnosis; natural history; treatment, including the roles of surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, and embolization; and management of ruptured and unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations. Areas requiring more evidence were identified.

Conclusions—

Brain arteriovenous malformations are a relatively uncommon but important cause of hemorrhagic stroke, especially in young adults. This statement describes the current knowledge of the natural history and treatment of patients with ruptured and unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations, suggestions for management, and implications for future research.
Two Projects of Modernism in Arabic Poetry1
Authors: Fakhreddine Huda J.
Published: June 2017

The Free Verse poets and the ʿAbbāsid muḥdathūn (the modernizers of the eighth and ninth centuries) share a similar meta-poetic posture at the core of their modernizing projects. Both groups were aware of not only their role as initiators of change, but also their position vis-à-vis the poets who wrote before them. This paper examines these two modernizing experiences through the lens of metapoesis to reveal some of the critical and theoretical concerns that continue to haunt Arabic poets today.
A note on phrasal movement in Modern South Arabian and its consequences
Authors: Shlonsky Ur
Published: June 2017

I argue that the predominance of clause-final negation and the ban on object cliticization on perfective verb stems with a subject agreement suffix in the Modern South Arabian languages (MSA) Mehri and Jibbali are both consequences of the fact that in these languages, a verbal projection rather than a verbal head is probed by T(ense) or by a higher functional head. As a result, this verbal projection moves to a position above T and a fortiori above negation. A corollary of verb-projection phrasal movement above T is that the affixal phi features of subject agreement are stranded, bereft of a suitable host. In face of this conundrum, MSA reanalyzes subject agreement as a weak pronoun that undergoes suffixation under adjacency to a verbal host, like a pronominal object suffix. This reanalysis has a price, however, in that only a single suffix is possible on a single host, since only one suffix is adjacent to it. Hence, object pronouns cannot occur as clitics on a verb with a weak pronominal subject suffix.
The vocalic system of the Mehri of Oman
Authors: Bendjaballah Sabrina , Ségéral Philippe
Published: June 2017

Existing grammars and descriptions of the Mehri of Oman usually deal with a presentation of the surface vocalic system only. Our aim in this article is to clarify the phonological structure of this system. We examine the nature of stress and its interaction with vocalic length and syllabic structure, and conclude that the vocalic system of the Mehri of Oman does not include any opposition of quantity at the phonological level. All superficially long vowels are the product of one of two processes: lengthening of open syllables under stress, and compensatory lengthening after the deletion of consonants in the coda. Lengthening under stress is constrained by a simple and widely attested condition: it can only take place in open syllables, and never in closed ones.
Nouns and adjectives of the shape C1V́C2(ə)C3(-) in Jibbali (Śħri) and Mehri
Authors: Dufour Julien
Published: June 2017

Jibbali and Mehri nouns and adjectives of the form C1V́C2(ə)C3(-) exhibit various vowels in stressed V1 position, whereas it is not always clear whether a phonological /ə/ must be posited in post-tonic V2. This article investigates the patterns underlying such items. It appears that in both languages the presence of a /ə/ in V2 is fundamentally determined by the pattern (some patterns implying /ə/ and others ∅), although the presence of a sonorant as the third root consonant conditions the presence of a /ə/ in actual lexemes whatever the pattern. This together with other phonological processes creates, especially in Mehri, complicated cross-matches between the underlying patterns and the attested realisations. Their identification sheds light on the morphological correspondences between Mehri and Jibbali. It is finally argued that patterns of the C1V́C2C3 type go back to Proto-Semitic patterns in *C1VC2C3, whereas most patterns of the C1V́C2əC3 type go back to *C1ā̆C2ī̆C3.
An Aspiring Saint and His Work: Cesare Baronio and the Success and Failure of the Annales ecclesiastici (1588–1607)
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: June 2017

The Annales ecclesiastici (12 vols, 1588–1607), composed by the Italian cardinal Cesare Baronio, rank amongst the most important publications of the Counter-Reformation era. Their fame earned Baronio his cardinal’s hat, while their impact on the Catholic world far exceeded that of the rival Magdeburg Centuries among Protestants. Recent scholarship has thrown new light on the aims and reception of the Annales. In particular, scholars have shown that Baronio was preoccupied more with the conversion of heretics than with their confutation, and they have demonstrated that the reception of the Annales, especially in the Iberian Peninsula, was less unanimously positive than hitherto supposed. Building on these insights, this article turns to Baronio’s much neglected authorial persona, not only as an ecclesiastical historian but also as an aspiring saint. It studies the ways in which Baronio’s own personal virtues and those of his mentor, Philip Neri, were used to present the Annales as a work of, quite literally, divine inspiration, before turning to the reception of the Annales in Catholicism’s northern borderlands. The article suggests that even there the Annales were more controversial than realized, but that ambivalence was masked by the dictates of time and place.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Travassosinema claudiae n. sp. (Oxyuridomorpha: Travassosinematidae) from the Japanese millipede Parafontaria laminata (Attems, 1909) (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)
Authors: MORFFE JANS , HASEGAWA KOICHI
Published: June 2017

Travassosinema claudiae n. sp. is described from the hindgut of the polydesmid millipede Parafontaria laminata (Attems, 1909) (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) from Aichi prefecture, Japan. Females of the new species resemble T. thyropygi Hunt, 1996 and T. travassosi Rao, 1958 by lacking lateral alae and the constriction of the body posterior to the level of the vulva. T. claudiae n. sp. differs from T. thyropygi by its shorter body and tail, and larger eggs. Also, the nerve ring is located in the procorpus-isthmus junction in opposition to T. thyropygi, where the nerve ring is just anterior to the basal bulb. T. claudiae n. sp. can be differentiated from T. travassosi by its shorter eggs and less extended cephalic umbraculum. Males of T. claudiae n. sp. are more similar to those of T. dalei Spiridonov & Cribb, 2012 by having a similar body length, form of the oesophagus, structures around the cloaca (mid-ventral, digitiform pre-cloacal pair of papillae, a large pair of adcloacal papillae and the anterior lip of cloaca ornamented and with a spatula-like post-cloacal projection), absence of spicule and gubernaculum, and presence of a tail filament. T. claudiae n. sp. differs by the position and type of ornamentation of the large ornamented pair of papillae, by lacking the minute pair of papillae in the tail filament and by the presence of lateral alae. Description is supplemented by SEM images. The phylogeny of the species is inferred by D2-D3 28S LSU rDNA and 18S SSU rDNA. This constitutes the first species of the genus Travassosinema Rao, 1958 described from Japan.
Three new species of jumping spiders of the genus Hypaeus Simon, 1900 from Colombia (Salticidae: Salticinae: Amycini)
Authors: MARTINEZ LEONEL , GALVIS WILLIAM
Published: June 2017

Three new jumping spiders of the genus Hypaeus Simon, 1900 are described and illustrated from Colombia, two of which are sympatric: H. arhuaco sp. nov. and H. proszynskii sp. nov., from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena department. The third species, H. varzea sp. nov., is described from a várzea forest in the Amazonas department. The new species are diagnosed based on sexual characters, such as the retrolateral tibial apophysis, retroventral tibial apophysis and the embolus (male palp), and length and disposition of the copulatory ducts and digitiform glands (epigyne).
Leptoderoides Croissandeau removed from synonymy with Stenichnus Thomson and elevated to genus rank (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ , MEYBOHM HEINRICH
Published: June 2017

Leptoderoides Croissandeau is removed from synonymy with Cyrtoscydmus Motschulsky (= Stenichnus s. str.) and elevated to genus rank. Lectotype for Scydmaenus leptoderus Reitter, the type species of Leptoderoides, is designated. Morphological structures of Leptoderoides are illustrated and discussed, and an updated identification key to the Eurasian Glandulariini genera is given. The identity of Leptoderoides leptoderus comb. n. is discussed and it is concluded that the previous redescription by Franz was most likely based on misidentified material. Leptoderoides is distributed in the eastern and northeastern part of the Mediterranean Basin, and besides its type species, it is represented by many yet undescribed species.
Personality, Psychopathology, and Health Through the Lens of Interpersonal Relatedness and Self-Definition
Authors: Luyten Patrick
Published: June 2017

Sidney Blatt’s seminal contributions in the domain of personality development, psychopathology, and health rank among the best researched and most empirically supported theories in psychoanalysis. Blatt is known primarily for his two-polarities model of personality development, which he viewed as evolving through a dialectical, synergistic interaction between two fundamental processes across the lifespan: the development of interpersonal relatedness on the one hand, and of self-definition on the other. In this model, psychopathology is viewed as an attempt to find a balance, however distorted, between relatedness and self-definition. Neurobiological research has confirmed the intrinsic dialectical relationship between these two processes in the development of the neural circuits subserving these capacities, a finding with important implications for physical health. Research relevant to these ideas is reviewed, and the influence that Blatt’s approach has had in reintroducing psychodynamic factors into contemporary psychology and psychiatry, as reflected in DSM-5, is discussed.
On Psychic Determinism
Authors: Brown Robin Gordon
Published: June 2017

A confusion persists in the psychoanalytic literature regarding the concept of psychic determinism. Two authors are cited in whose works the concept is identified as foundational to psychoanalysis, in the one case as a “fundamental hypothesis” (Charles Brenner) and in the other as an “underlying presupposition” or assumption (Linda A.W. Brakel). Both claims are based on a conflation of the concept Freud had in mind with a philosophical doctrine going by the same name but meaning something quite different. The philosophical doctrine has no place in psychoanalysis at all, and Freud’s concept does not play a foundational role there. In a second section a restricted concept of psychic determinism is critically examined. A third section deals with the impact of that restricted concept on clinical theory and contemporary controversies about clinical practice. Finally, some possible reasons for this confusion are suggested.
Structural Changes in Poly(trimethylene adipate) and Poly(trimethylene succinate) During Melt Crystallization Studied Using In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Shalvin , Rohindra David , Lata Roselyn , Kuboyama Keiichi , Ougizawa Toshiaki
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates the structural changes occurring in poly(trimethylene adipate) (PTAd) and poly(trimethylene succinate) (PTSu) during melt crystallization using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Cooling thermograms revealed that PTAd had a faster crystallization rate than PTSu. Infrared (IR) bands of the two polyesters were assigned by correlating with the IR bands of polymers containing the trimethylene and the diacid segments. The bands at 1478, 1459, 1393, and 1364 cm−1 in PTAd and 1475, 1459, 1393, and 1361 cm−1 in PTSu were designated to the CH2 of the trimethylene segment. Changes in the IR band absorbance intensities of the CH2 and the C–O–C groups were monitored with time during melt crystallization. Structural changes of the trimethylene and diacid segments of PTAd occurred synchronously, while in PTSu the two segments changed sequentially. Normalized band intensities showed a time lag between the trimethylene and succinic acid segments. The acid segment showed a faster change compared to the trimethylene segment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is shown to be a useful technique to study conformational changes during crystallization in polymers.
Measuring the Quality of Union Budgets: Need to Go beyond the Deficit Measures
Authors: Kaur Karamjeet
Published: June 2017

In the run-up to Union Budget 2016–2017, a major difference of opinion emerged within the Union Government over adherence to fiscal consolidation vis-à-vis maintaining adequate expenditure allocation for essential services, such as health, education and infrastructure development ( Business Standard, 2016). As the budget document was unveiled, it was clear from the deficit targets met (and sought to be met in the future) that the government did not deviate from its commitments towards fiscal consolidation. These deficit targets, however, provide limited understanding of the overall ‘quality’ of expenditure and receipts of the government. In order to comprehend the overall picture and quantify this qualitative aspect, there is a need to go beyond the conventional measures of deficit. This article discusses the concept, meaning and usage of the various measures of deficits in order to, first, highlight their limitations in understanding the overall quality of budgets and, second, make a case for creation of a ‘composite index’ to reflect the broad quality and composition of budgets. A modest attempt has also been made in this article to evaluate the Union Budgets of the recent years on the basis of one such index developed by Bhide and Panda (2002). Results provide concrete evidence of a discernible improvement in the quality of budgets in the past few years.
The Disability Employment Puzzle: A Field Experiment on Employer Hiring Behavior
Authors: Ameri Mason , Schur Lisa , Adya Meera , Bentley F. Scott , McKay Patrick , Kruse Douglas
Published: June 2017

The authors investigate potential discrimination against people with disabilities through a field experiment that sent job applications to 6,016 accounting positions for which the applicants’ disabilities are unlikely to affect productivity. One-third of the cover letters disclosed that the applicant had a spinal cord injury, one-third disclosed the presence of Asperger’s syndrome, and one-third did not mention disability. The disability applications received 26% fewer expressions of employer interest. This gap was concentrated among experienced applicants and small private companies that are not covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Tests suggest possible positive effects of the ADA, but not of state laws, in reducing the disability gap. Results indicate there may be substantial room for employer and policy initiatives to improve employment opportunities for people with disabilities.
Communal Coping Among Spanish-Speaking Mother–Child Dyads Engaging in Language Brokering: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Kam Jennifer A. , Basinger Erin D. , Guntzviller Lisa M.
Published: June 2017

Utilizing self-reported survey data from 120 low-income, Spanish-speaking mother–child dyads, this study examined different types of classes (i.e., subgroups) based on the ways in which mothers and adolescent children coped with language brokering, particularly when they found it stressful. Four classes emerged, listed from largest to smallest class: (a) communal coping mothers, (b) shared communal copers, (c) independent communal coping children, and (d) communal coping children. Mothers’ parent–child closeness predicted class membership, but adolescent children’s reported closeness was not a significant predictor. Nevertheless, adolescent children’s respect for family significantly predicted class membership, whereas mothers’ respect for family was not a significant predictor. Mothers who were members of the communal coping children class reported less frequent depressive symptoms, whereas children who were independent communal coping children reported more frequent depressive symptoms.
Does Low Body Mass Index Predict the Hospital Mortality of Adult Western or Asian Patients?
Authors: Compher Charlene , Higashiguchi Takashi , Yu Jianchun , Jensen Gordon L.
Published: June 2017

Background: Some strategies for screening and assessment of malnutrition include a low but variable body mass index (BMI) cutoff, while others do not. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate published data for Western and Asian hospital samples to determine how the prevalence of low BMI is associated with increased hospital mortality. Method: A PubMed search of the past 10 years (2006–2016) was conducted with the terms “BMI,” “malnutrition,” “adult,” “outcome,” and “hospital” or “ICU” for articles published in English. Studies that examined BMI levels among Western or Asian populations were included. Forest plots were constructed to determine the odds of hospital mortality in low versus normal BMI groups. Results: Twenty studies met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of BMI <18.5 kg/m2 was greater in Asian (15%–20%) than Western (2%–7%) patient groups. In Western populations, BMI <18.5 kg/m2 was so rare that most studies lacked power to evaluate outcomes. Hospital mortality among ICU patients was greater for patients with BMI <18.5 than those with BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (Western: odds ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.33–1.50]; Asian: odds ratio = 1.78 [95% CI, 1.7–1.86]). Recommendations: BMI <18.5 kg/m2 is a possible screening variable for malnutrition. Since low BMI was associated with increased mortality in Western and Asian patient groups, we suggest that all populations at risk based on low BMI undergo a full nutrition assessment with a validated method.
Home-based neurologic music therapy for arm hemiparesis following stroke: results from a pilot, feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Street Alexander J , Magee Wendy L , Bateman Andrew , Parker Michael , Odell-Miller Helen , Fachner Jorg
Published: June 2017

Objective:

To assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate music therapy as a home-based intervention for arm hemiparesis in stroke.

Design:

A pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial, with cross-over design. Randomization by statistician using computer-generated, random numbers concealed in opaque envelopes.

Setting:

Participants’ homes across Cambridgeshire, UK.

Subjects:

Eleven people with stroke and arm hemiparesis, 3–60 months post stroke, following discharge from community rehabilitation.

Interventions:

Each participant engaged in therapeutic instrumental music performance in 12 individual clinical contacts, twice weekly for six weeks.

Main measures:

Feasibility was estimated by recruitment from three community stroke teams over a 12-month period, attrition rates, completion of treatment and successful data collection. Structured interviews were conducted pre and post intervention to establish participant tolerance and preference. Action Research Arm Test and Nine-hole Peg Test data were collected at weeks 1, 6, 9, 15 and 18, pre and post intervention by a blinded assessor.

Results:

A total of 11 of 14 invited participants were recruited (intervention n = 6, waitlist n = 5). In total, 10 completed treatment and data collection.

Conclusion:

It cannot be concluded whether a larger trial would be feasible due to unavailable data regarding a number of eligible patients screened. Adherence to treatment, retention and interview responses might suggest that the intervention was motivating for participants.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT 02310438.
Musculoskeletal dysfunction in migraine patients
Authors: Luedtke Kerstin , Starke Wiebke , May Arne
Published: June 2017

Objective

The aim of this project was to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal dysfunctions in migraine patients using a rigorous methodological approach and validating an international consensus cluster of headache assessment tests.

Methods

A physiotherapist, blinded towards the diagnosis, examined 138 migraine patients (frequent episodic and chronic), recruited at a specialised headache clinic, and 73 age and gender matched healthy controls following a standardised protocol. Eleven tests, previously identified in an international consensus procedure, were used to evaluate cervical and thoracic musculoskeletal dysfunctions.

Results

Primary analyses indicated statistically significant differences across groups for the total number of trigger points, flexion-rotation test, thoracic screening, manual joint testing of the upper cervical spine, cranio-cervical flexion test, and reproduction and resolution. Ninety three percent of the assessed patients had at least three musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Post-hoc tests showed significant differences between episodic or chronic migraine patients and healthy controls, but not between migraine groups.

Conclusions

A standardised set of six physical examination tests showed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal dysfunctions in migraine patients. These dysfunctions support a reciprocal interaction between the trigeminal and the cervical systems as a trait symptom in migraine.
Professional Athletes’ Return to Play and Performance After Operative Repair of an Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Trofa David P. , Miller J. Chance , Jang Eugene S. , Woode Denzel R. , Greisberg Justin K. , Vosseller J. Turner
Published: June 2017

Background:

Most Achilles tendon ruptures are sports related. However, few studies have examined and compared the effect of surgical repair for complete ruptures on return to play (RTP), play time, and performance across multiple sports.

Purpose:

To examine RTP and performance among professional athletes after Achilles tendon repair and compare pre- versus postoperative functional outcomes of professional athletes from different major leagues in the United States.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), and National Hockey League (NHL) athletes who sustained a primary complete Achilles tendon rupture treated surgically between 1989 and 2013 were identified via public injury reports and press releases. Demographic information and performance-related statistics were recorded for 2 seasons before and after surgery and compared with matched controls. Statistical analyses were used to assess differences in recorded metrics.

Results:

Of 86 athletes screened, 62 met inclusion criteria including 25 NBA, 32 NFL, and 5 MLB players. Nineteen (30.6%) professional athletes with an isolated Achilles tendon rupture treated surgically were unable to return to play. Among athletes who successfully returned to play, game participation averaged 75.4% ( P < .001) and 81.9% ( P = .002) of the total games played the season before injury at 1 and 2 years postoperatively, respectively. Play time was significantly decreased and athletes performed significantly worse compared with preoperative levels at 1 and 2 years after injury ( P < .001). When players were compared with matched controls, an Achilles tendon rupture resulted in fewer games played ( P < .001), decreased play time ( P = .025), and worse performance statistics ( P < .001) at 1 year but not 2 years postoperatively ( P > .05). When individual sports were compared, NBA players were most significantly affected, experiencing significant decreases in games played, play time, and performance.

Conclusion:

An Achilles tendon rupture is a devastating injury that prevents RTP for 30.6% of professional players. Athletes who do return play in fewer games, have less play time, and perform at a lower level than their preinjury status. However, these functional deficits are seen only at 1 year after surgery compared with matched controls, such that players who return to play can expect to perform at a level commensurate with uninjured controls 2 years postoperatively.
Relational Group Psychotherapy: An Overview. Part III: Modes of Therapeutic Leadership
Authors: Billow Richard M.
Published: June 2017

The final article, of a three part series, concentrates on the therapist: how we might think about group and leadership, and what we might offer. What holds a group together is the therapist’s ever expanding understanding of the psychic realities (the ‘truths’) of the group and its members, including oneself, and our success in interesting others in reaching and deepening such understanding, at times painful and unwelcome.

Leadership is a performance art, in which word cannot be easily separated from rhetorical deed, and these from presence. By our use of therapeutic oratory, we balance what we want to say with what others are ready to hear. We wear ‘two faces’, being both conservator and challenger of group process and culture.

I identify four relational modes of speaking and listening that shape how we participate in reciprocal group exchanges: diplomacy, integrity, sincerity, and authenticity. These four inter-related modes are linked by communicative skills that we therapists strive to achieve in dealing with our group and each member and hope to model. They supply conceptual references for the therapeutic stance we have adopted, allowing us to be more aware of what we are doing, and why.

Integrating some of the concepts presented in each article, I conclude with a description of my subjective experience as group leader, as I understand it.