bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification and Prognostic Stratification of Bronchopulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Oka Naomi , Kasajima Atsuko , Konukiewitz Björn , Sakurada Akira , Okada Yoshinori , Kameya Toru , Weichert Wilko , Ishikawa Yuichi , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Sasano Hironobu , Klöppel Günter
Published: August 2019

The accuracy and reproducibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) 2015 classification of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (BP-NENs) is disputed. The aim of this study is to classify and grade BP-NENs using the WHO 2019 classification of digestive system NENs (DiS-NEN-WHO 2019), and to analyze its accuracy and prognostic impact. Two BP-NEN cohorts from Japan and Germany, 393 tumors (88% surgically resected), were reviewed and the clinicopathological data of the resected tumors (n = 301) correlated to patients’ disease-free survival (DFS). The DiS-NEN-WHO 2019 stratified the 350 tumors into 91 (26%) neuroendocrine tumors (NET) G1, 52 (15%) NET G2, 15 (4%) NET G3, and 192 (55%) neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). NECs, but not NETs, were immunohistochemically characterized by abnormal p53 (100%) and retinoblastoma 1 (83%) expression. The Ki67 index, which was on average 4 times higher than mitotic count (p < 0.0001), was prognostically more accurate than the mitotic count. NET G3 patients had a worse outcome than NET G1 (p < 0.01) and NET G2 patients (p = 0.02), respectively. No prognostic difference was detected between NET G3 and NEC patients after 5 year DFS. It is concluded that stratifying BP-NEN patients according to the DiS-NEN-WHO 2019 classification results in 3 prognostically well-defined NET groups, if grading is solely based on Ki67 index. Mitotic count alone may underestimate malignant potential of NETs.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Skulas-Ray Ann C. , Wilson Peter W.F. , Harris William S. , Brinton Eliot A. , Kris-Etherton Penny M. , Richter Chesney K. , Jacobson Terry A. , Engler Mary B. , Miller Michael , Robinson Jennifer G. , Blum Conrad B. , Rodriguez-Leyva Delfin , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Welty Francine K. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology
Published: August 2019

Hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides 200–499 mg/dL) is relatively common in the United States, whereas more severe triglyceride elevations (very high triglycerides, ≥500 mg/dL) are far less frequently observed. Both are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and elsewhere, likely driven in large part by growing rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus. In a 2002 American Heart Association scientific statement, the omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were recommended (at a dose of 2–4 g/d) for reducing triglycerides in patients with elevated triglycerides. Since 2002, prescription agents containing EPA+DHA or EPA alone have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating very high triglycerides; these agents are also widely used for hypertriglyceridemia. The purpose of this advisory is to summarize the lipid and lipoprotein effects resulting from pharmacological doses of n-3 FAs (>3 g/d total EPA+DHA) on the basis of new scientific data and availability of n-3 FA agents. In treatment of very high triglycerides with 4 g/d, EPA+DHA agents reduce triglycerides by ≥30% with concurrent increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas EPA-only did not raise low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in very high triglycerides. When used to treat hypertriglyceridemia, n-3 FAs with EPA+DHA or with EPA-only appear roughly comparable for triglyceride lowering and do not increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol when used as monotherapy or in combination with a statin. In the largest trials of 4 g/d prescription n-3 FA, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were modestly decreased, indicating reductions in total atherogenic lipoproteins. The use of n-3 FA (4 g/d) for improving atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in patients with hypertriglyceridemia is supported by a 25% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With EPA Intervention Trial), a randomized placebo-controlled trial of EPA-only in high-risk patients treated with a statin. The results of a trial of 4 g/d prescription EPA+DHA in hypertriglyceridemia are anticipated in 2020. We conclude that prescription n-3 FAs (EPA+DHA or EPA-only) at a dose of 4 g/d (>3 g/d total EPA+DHA) are an effective and safe option for reducing triglycerides as monotherapy or as an adjunct to other lipid-lowering agents.
Evaluation After Sudden Death in the Young
Authors: Gray Belinda , Ackerman Michael J. , Semsarian Christopher , Behr Elijah R.
Published: August 2019

Sudden cardiac death is defined as a death occurring usually within an hour of onset of symptoms, arising from an underlying cardiac disease. Sudden cardiac death is a complication of a number of cardiovascular diseases and is often unexpected. In individuals aged <35 years, unexplained sudden cardiac death is the most common presentation. A significant proportion of sudden cardiac death in the young (≤35 years) events may be precipitated by underlying inherited cardiac conditions, including both heritable cardiomyopathies and inherited arrhythmia syndromes (also known as cardiac channelopathies). Tragically, sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease in a family and, therefore, clinical and genetic evaluation of surviving family members forms a key role in diagnosing the underlying inherited cardiac condition in the family. This is particularly relevant when considering that most inherited cardiac conditions are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner meaning that surviving family members have a 50% chance of inheriting the same disease substrate. This review will outline the underlying causes of sudden cardiac death in the young and outline our universal approach to familial evaluation following a young person’s sudden death.
Effect of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support on Coronary Artery Endothelial Function in Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Symons J. David , Deeter Lance , Deeter Nicholas , Bonn Trevor , Cho Jae Min , Ferrin Peter , McCreath Lauren , Diakos Nikolaos A. , Taleb Iosif , Alharethi Rami , McKellar Stephen , Wever-Pinzon Omar , Navankasattusas Sutip , Selzman Craig H. , Fang James C. , Drakos Stavros G.
Published: August 2019

Background:

The coronary vasculature encounters a reduction in pulsatility after implementing durable continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) circulatory support. Evidence exists that appropriate pulsatility is required to maintain endothelial cell homeostasis. We hypothesized that coronary artery endothelial function would be impaired after CF-LVAD intervention.

Methods and Results:

Coronary arteries from patients with end-stage heart failure caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM; n=16) or non-ICM (n=22) cardiomyopathy were isolated from the left ventricular apical core, which was removed for the CF-LVAD implantation. In 11 of these patients, paired coronary arteries were obtained from an adjacent region of myocardium after the CF-LVAD intervention (n=6 ICM, 5 non-ICM). Vascular function was assessed ex vivo using isometric tension procedures in these patients and in 7 nonfailing donor controls. Maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to BK (bradykinin; 10
−
6
–10
−
10
M) was blunted (
P
<0.05) in arteries from patients with ICM compared with non-ICM and donor controls, whereas responses to sodium nitroprusside (10
−4
–10
−9
M) were similar among the groups. Contrary to our hypothesis, vasorelaxation responses to BK and sodium nitroprusside were similar before and 219±37 days after CF-LVAD support. Of these patients, an exploratory subgroup analysis revealed that BK-induced coronary artery vasorelaxation was greater (
P
<0.05) after (87±6%) versus before (54±14%) CF-LVAD intervention in ICM patients, whereas sodium nitroprusside–evoked responses were similar.

Conclusions:

Coronary artery endothelial function is not impaired by durable CF-LVAD support and in ICM patients appears to be improved. Investigating coronary endothelial function using in vivo approaches in a larger patient population is warranted.
TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1) Cardiac Spinal Afferents Contribute to Hypertension in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Shanks Julia , de Morais Sharon D.B. , Gao Lie , Zucker Irving H. , Wang Han-Jun
Published: August 2019

Hypertension is associated with increased sympathetic activity. A component of this sympathoexcitation may be driven by increased signaling from sensory endings from the heart to the autonomic control areas in the brain. This pathway mediates the so-called cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex, which is also activated by coronary ischemia or other nociceptive stimuli in the heart. The cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex has been shown to be enhanced in the heart failure state and in renal hypertension. However, little is known about its role in the development or progression of hypertension or the phenotype of the sensory endings involved. To investigate this, we used the selective afferent neurotoxin, resiniferatoxin (RTX) to chronically abolish the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in 2 models of hypertension; the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) and AngII (angiotensin II) infusion (240 ng/kg per min). Blood pressure (BP) was measured in conscious animals for 2 to 8 weeks post-RTX. Epidural application of RTX to the T1-T4 spinal segments prevented the further BP increase in 8-week-old SHR and lowered BP in 16-week-old SHR. RTX did not affect BP in Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats nor in AngII-infused rats. Epicardial application of RTX (50 µg/mL) in 4-week-old SHR prevented the BP increase whereas this treatment does not lower BP in 16-week-old SHR. When RTX was administered into the L2-L5 spinal segments of 16-week-old SHR, no change in BP was observed. These findings indicate that signaling via thoracic afferent nerve fibers may contribute to the hypertension phenotype in the SHR but not in the Ang II infusion model of hypertension.
Notes on the genus Kosmiomiris Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Miridae: Hyalopeplini) with description of a new species
Authors: KIM JUNGGON , DAMKEN CLAAS , SAH HANYROL H. AHMAD , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: August 2019

A new species of the hyalopepline genus Kosmiomiris is described, Kosmiomiris carvalhoi Kim & Jung sp. nov. Morphological information including diagnoses, descriptions of new species, and re-description of K. rubroornatus and biological notes are presented with photographs. Female genitalia of two species in this genus is described for the first time. A key to the Kosmiomiris species is also provided.
The first record of two non-native ambrosia beetles in Slovenia: Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff, 1875) and Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1875) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
Authors: HAUPTMAN TINE , PIŠKUR BARBARA , FACCOLI MASSIMO , REKANJE BLAŽ , MARINČ ANDRAŽ , JURC MAJA
Published: August 2019

In September 2017, during the monitoring of the non-native ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894), one specimen of an unknown ambrosia bark beetle species was collected in Slovenia. The specimen was trapped in an ethanol-baited trap located in Klavže (46° 09´ 39˝ N, 13° 48´ 7˝ E), in the western part of Slovenia. The most characteristic feature distinguishing the specimen from other known ambrosia beetle species occurring in Slovenia was the asperities that covered the entire surface of the pronotum. Based on the scientific literature concerning the non-native bark and ambrosia beetles in Europe (Kirkendall & Faccoli 2010) and illustrated identification keys (Rabaglia et al. 2006; Faccoli et al. 2009), we identified the beetle by its morphological characteristics as Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff, 1875). As a result of this find, a specific monitoring was set up in 2018 in Slovenia with the aim to improve the knowledge about occurrence and distribution of A. rubricollis in this country.
Australian Nitidulinae: general review with descriptions of new genera and species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
Authors: LAWRENCE JOHN F.
Published: August 2019

The classification of the subfamily Nitidulinae is reviewed, as it applies to those species occurring within Australia and its territories. Comments are made concerning the currently recognised tribes and generic “complexes” within this subfamily, Australian genera are briefly discussed, with reference to recent and proposed changes in their classification, and several new genera and species are described. The following new taxa are described: Aenigmoronia echinodes, gen. & sp. nov., Australycra similis, sp. nov., Austronitidula multimaculata, gen. & sp. nov., Cychramus splendidus, sp. nov., Lasiodites howensis, sp. nov. and Temnelytron nigrum, gen. & sp. nov. The following synonymy is proposed: Stelidota nigrovaria (Fairmaire, 1849) (= Aethinodes variabile Lea, 1921), syn. nov. The genus Testudoraea Kirejtshuk, 1986, stat. nov., is recognised as a distinct genus, and Perilopsis australis Kirejtshuk, 1990 is considered to be an unnecessary replacement name for Testudoraea flava Kirejtshuk, 1986.
Revision of Leinendera Carrera, 1945 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) with description of two new species
Authors: CAMARGO ALEXSSANDRO , VIEIRA RODRIGO , RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO
Published: August 2019

Two new species of the Neotropical genus Leinendera Carrera, 1945, Leinendera carrerai sp. n. and Leinendera mnrj sp. n., and the female of Leinendera achaeta Camargo, Vieira, Köhler & Rafael, 2016 are described from Brazil. The habitus, wing, male terminalia and female terminalia for the latter species are described and illustrated. The female terminalia of Leinendera rubra Carrera, 1945 is also illustrated. An identification key for the five Leinendera species and a distribution map with new records are provided.
A New Genus and Species of Delphacidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from Costa Rica
Authors: BARTLETT CHARLES R.
Published: August 2019

Melaniphax suffusculus gen. et sp. nov. is described from Costa Rica, representing the 57th delphacid species recorded from the country to date. The new genus is superficially similar to Caenodelphax Fennah in general appearance in that the body is uniformly colored with the wings infuscated. Distinctive features of the new taxon include simple, forceps-like gonostyli, a broadly compressed aedeagus with large serrate lateral flanges, and the anal tube bearing a pair of short, stout, truncate, caudally-directed processes on the ventro-caudal margin and slender, elongate processes from the antero-ventral margin.
Investigation of Orographic Precipitation over an Isolated, Three-Dimensional Complex Topography with a Dense Gauge Network, Radar Observations, and Upslope Model
Authors: Cheng Lin-Wen , Yu Cheng-Ku
Published: August 2019

This study uses a dense rain gauge network, radar observations, and an upslope model to document the detailed aspects of precipitation over Da-Tun Mountain (DT) of northern Taiwan under prevailing northeasterly monsoonal flow. DT is one of the most concentrated areas of heavy rainfall in Taiwan, with a size of ~15 km and a terrain peak of ~1 km (MSL), and it constitutes a concave ridge with two windward ridge arms that encompass a funnel-shaped valley. Twenty-one rainfall events identified over DT from January 2011 to February 2015 are chosen for analysis. More than half of the studied cases exhibit two local maxima of rainfall over the ridge arms, and asymmetric characteristics between these two maxima are evident. The other frequent rainfall pattern, observed as upstream winds are more from the east-northeast, is characterized by a local maximum of precipitation inside the valley. Analyses from the upslope model confirm that the occurrence of the windward maxima of rainfall is primarily caused by upslope lifting, and their asymmetric characteristics are closely related to the difference in the azimuthal variations of slope steepness between the two ridge arms. The observed characteristics of rainfall intensities inside the valley, however, cannot be well described by the upslope model. It is found that the lateral flow confluence induced by the deflected flows over the ridge arms may play an essential role in intensifying upslope-forced precipitation within the valley. This effect emerges as upstream winds are roughly parallel to the central axis of funneling regions located between the ridge arms.
Observed Interhemispheric Meridional Heat Transports and the Role of the Indonesian Throughflow in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Trenberth Kevin E. , Zhang Yongxin
Published: August 2019

The net surface energy flux is computed as a residual of the energy budget using top-of-atmosphere radiation combined with the divergence of the column-integrated atmospheric energy transports, and then used with the vertically integrated ocean heat content tendencies to compute the ocean meridional heat transports (MHTs). The mean annual cycles and 12-month running mean MHTs as a function of latitude are presented for 2000–16. Effects of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), associated with a net volume flow around Australia accompanied by a heat transport, are fully included. Because the ITF-related flow necessitates a return current northward in the Tasman Sea that relaxes during El Niño, the reduced ITF during El Niño may contribute to warming in the south Tasman Sea by allowing the East Australian Current to push farther south even as it gains volume from the tropical waters not flowing through the ITF. Although evident in 2015/16, when a major marine heat wave occurred, these effects can be overwhelmed by changes in the atmospheric circulation. Large interannual MHT variability in the Pacific is 4 times that of the Atlantic. Strong relationships reveal influences from the southern subtropics on ENSO for this period. At the equator, northward ocean MHT arises mainly in the Atlantic (0.75 PW), offset by the Pacific (−0.33 PW) and Indian Oceans (−0.20 PW) while the atmosphere transports energy southward (−0.35 PW). The net equatorial MHT southward (−0.18 PW) is enhanced by −0.1 PW that contributes to the greater warming of the southern (vs northern) oceans.
Attentional Demand as a Function of Contextual Factors in Different Traffic Scenarios
Authors: Liu Zhuofan , Ahlström Christer , Forsman Åsa , Kircher Katja
Published: August 2019

Objective

To assess the attentional demand of different contextual factors in driving.

Background

The attentional demand on the driver varies with the situation. One approach for estimating the attentional demand, via spare capacity, is to use visual occlusion.

Method

Using a 3 × 5 within-subjects design, 33 participants drove in a fixed-base simulator in three scenarios (i.e., urban, rural, and motorway), combined with five fixed occlusion durations (1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, and 2.6 s). By pressing a microswitch on a finger, the driver initiated each occlusion, which lasted for the same predetermined duration within each trial. Drivers were instructed to occlude their vision as often as possible while still driving safely.

Results

Stepwise logistic regression per scenario indicated that the occlusion predictors varied with scenario. In the urban environment, infrastructure-related variables had the biggest influence, whereas the distance to oncoming traffic played a major role on the rural road. On the motorway, occlusion duration and time since the last occlusion were the main determinants.

Conclusion

Spare capacity is dependent on the scenario, selected speed, and individual factors. This is important for developing workload managers, infrastructural design, and aspects related to transfer of control in automated driving.

Application

Better knowledge of the determinants of spare capacity in the road environment can help improve workload managers, thereby contributing to more efficient and safer interaction with additional tasks.
Are Attitudes Contagious? Exposure to Biased Nonverbal Signals Can Create Novel Social Attitudes
Authors: Skinner Allison L. , Perry Sylvia
Published: August 2019

Prior work has established that nonverbal signals that capitalize on existing cultural biases can shift attitudes toward members of familiar social groups (e.g., racial minority group members). This research is the first to examine whether nonverbal signals can influence adults’ attitudes toward unfamiliar individuals outside the context of existing cultural biases. In a series of studies, we examined whether seeing one individual receive more cold, unfriendly nonverbal signals than another individual would lead to biases in favor of the target of more positive nonverbal signals. Consistent with our preregistered hypotheses, exposure to nonverbal bias in favor of one individual over another led participants to develop nonverbal signal-consistent explicit biases. Moreover, a combined analysis of the data from all four samples indicated that participants also formed nonverbal signal-consistent implicit biases. Taken together, these findings suggest that nonverbal signals have the potential to create and spread attitudes toward others.
Analysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Ban on Non-Audit Services From an Auction Model Perspective
Authors: Elitzur Ramy , Gavious Arieh , Minchuk Yizhaq
Published: August 2019

This study analyzes the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act’s (SOX) ban on providing both auditing and nonaudit services by auditors to their clients. We use a first-price private value auction to compare a setting in which auditors can compete for both audit and nonaudit services with an auction in which they can compete for only one of the two services. Consistent with empirical studies, we show that the ban on nonaudit services results in fee hikes for both audit and nonaudit services, as the number of bidders (audit firms) is smaller in the post-SOX setting relative to pre-SOX setting in both auctions. Consequently, we demonstrate that, after the ban, payoffs have increased for audit firms and decreased for their clients, due to the increase in both audit and nonaudit services fees. Finally, we show that increasing the penalty for an audit failure, contrary to common wisdom, results in improved payoffs for audit firms.
Chinese affective platform economies: dating, live streaming, and performative labor on Blued
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai
Published: August 2019

This article analyzes the political economy of sexually affective data on the Chinese gay dating platform Blued. Having launched in 2012 as a location-based dating app akin to Grindr, Blued has now become a multipurpose platform providing extra services such as newsfeeds and live streaming. Through the continuous imbrication of old and new functionalities and related affordances, users are transformed from dating subjects into performative laborers. Based on Internet ethnographic research that lasted 2 years, this article focuses on sexual-affective data flows (e.g. virtual gifting, following, liking, commenting, and sharing) produced by gay live streamers within the parameters of same-sex desires such as infatuation, sexual arousal, and online intimacy. It argues that these sexually affective data flows increasingly constitute key corporate assets with which Blued attracts venture capital. This analysis of live streamers and their viewers extends understandings of dating apps in two ways. First, it shows how these apps now function as business platforms on top of being channels for hooking up. Second, it emphasizes that whereas users created data freely, now it is produced by paid labor.
The 18th-century elocution movement and Facebook: reading emotion before and after the subject
Authors: Binder Jeffrey M
Published: August 2019

The rise of social media has recently inspired a renewed debate about the decentering of the subject. Some scholars have responded to Facebook’s seemingly intrusive influence over people’s emotions by reviving humanistic notions of the autonomous subject, while others have continued to insist on the subject’s constructedness. This article provides a historical perspective on this issue by revisiting another moment that, in some ways, parallels contemporary anxieties about social media. In the mid-18th century, critics worried that the increasing popularity of reading was producing unruly emotions and extreme opinions. These concerns inspired a number of attempts to reassert the primacy of spoken language, including programs of elocution instruction that trained people in reading out loud. Focusing on James Burgh’s 1761 book The Art of Speaking, this article argues that the elocution movement employed a different conception of selfhood from the modern notion of subjectivity: rather than treating the subject as the ultimate source of emotion, the elocutionists judged emotional reactions to texts based on a normative notion of the general good. I argue that this ethically grounded view of the self could provide a useful framework for understanding the stakes of the present anxiety about the emotional effects of media.
Emerging temporalities in the multiscreen home
Authors: Chambers Deborah
Published: August 2019

This article considers how changing screen practices are changing prevailing domestic temporal routines to generate new household dynamics. Underpinned by a case study of the multiscreen home, a media time approach offers a close analysis of the temporal dimensions of household screen use. The analysis draws on data about patterns of use of screen devices and streaming services from UK’s communications regulator Ofcom, combined with findings from qualitative studies of media time and second-screen uses. Explaining that second screens offer new kinds of connectivity within home, the study queries assumptions of time erosion and temporal fragmentation. The article proposes that second screens afford new temporal experiences and interactions signifying a new domestic screen culture characterised by time dilation. Digital screen relations operate within polymediated timescapes enabling an opening up and extension of time to produce new domestic screen cultures distinguished as intra-domestic and trans-domestic screen time.
The Experience and Health-Related Quality of Life after Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Adults with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Hastings Brooklyn , Patil Crystal , Gallo Agatha M.
Published: August 2019

Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from partially matched first-degree relatives (e.g., parent, sibling, child) is the newest therapy available to reverse symptoms of adults with sickle cell disease. Because of this innovation, little is known about the recipients’ transplant experiences and how this type of transplant affects their quality of life. We describe the experiences and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of five (3 female, 2 male) of nine eligible adults with sickle cell disease who received HSCT. Participants completed a brief demographics form, an HRQOL survey, and a 90-minute audio-recorded interview. We produced a series of matrices and summaries for our content analysis in addition to descriptive statistics. We report on recipients’ perspectives about the process, outcomes, personal life goals, and how their experience relates to their HRQOL scores. Participants’ impressions of their experience varied, but their HRQOL scores paralleled their complications. Those with successful transplants and minimal complications scored highest. Those with successful transplants but significant complications scored in the middle and the individual with an unsuccessful transplant scored the lowest. The four with successful transplants remarked that their health had improved and expressed optimism. We identified three themes: (a) the relief of being pain free, (b) new availability of opportunities, and (c) no regrets about undergoing the transplant. These results delve into the complex factors affecting health and the success of adults with SCD who have a haploidentical HSCT.
Less Than I Expected and oh so True? On the Interplay Between Expectations and Framing Effects in Judgments of Truth
Authors: Jaffé Mariela E. , Greifeneder Rainer
Published: August 2019

This article investigates the negativity bias in truth judgments, which holds that negatively (vs. positively) framed statements are more likely to be judged true. Throughout four studies we find that expectations moderate the negativity bias. In particular, Study 1 failed to replicate the negativity bias with standard items. In Study 2 we investigated individuals’ expectations regarding the statements. When systematically adjusting the percentages in negatively framed statements to be lower than expected, a negativity bias occurred in Study 3. Building on this knowledge in Study 4, we systematically decreased and increased percentages in both framing conditions, investigating the impact of under- versus overestimation. While expectations had no consistent effects for positive frames, overestimation (vs. underestimation) led to a higher likelihood of perceived truth in the negative framing condition. Results are discussed in context of current research on language and social psychology as well as post-truth politics.
Percutaneous leverage reduction with two Kirschner wires combined with the Métaizeau technique versus open reduction plus internal fixation with a single Kirschner-wire for treating Judet IV radial neck fractures in children
Authors: Du Xiangping , Yu Lirong , Xiong Zhigang , Chen Gan , Zou Jun , Wu Xinle , Xiong Bin , Wang Baoli
Published: August 2019

Objective

To compare the clinical effectiveness of a novel approach, percutaneous leverage reduction using two Kirschner-wires (k-wires) combined with the Métaizeau technique, versus open reduction plus internal fixation with k-wire for the treatment of Judet IV radial neck fractures in children.

Methods

Thirty-four patients with Judet IV radial neck fractures were treated either with percutaneous leverage reduction using two k-wires and the Métaizeau technique (n = 16) or open reduction plus internal fixation with k-wire (n = 18). Patient data including sex, age, time from trauma to surgery, fracture type, follow up, postoperative healing time, X-ray studies, elbow function, and complications were collected.

Results

There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the two treatment groups. In postoperative elbow function assessment, 93.8% of patients in the group that underwent the novel treatment approach had a score of excellent or good, compared with 83.3% of patients in the open reduction and internal fixation with k-wire group. Furthermore, no postoperative complications were reported in patients in the novel treatment group, compared with 5 patients in the open reduction and internal fixation with k-wire group. All patients in both groups were classified as excellent or good according to Métaizeau criteria in postoperative X-ray assessment.

Conclusions

Compared with the open reduction and internal fixation with k-wire approach, percutaneous leverage reduction using two k-wires combined with the Métaizeau technique can significantly increase the minimally invasive reduction rate, and represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of Judet IV radial neck fractures in children.
The Moon Illusion as (Partly) an Error in Apparent Visual Angle: A New Possibility
Authors: Parks Theodore E.
Published: August 2019

An illusory exaggeration of the horizon moon’s visual angle (together with an apparently larger physical size) may account for its dramatic appearance.
Small signal stability analysis of power systems integrated with wind power using sensitivity-based index
Authors: Mitra Arghya
Published: August 2019

To know the inherent property of the power system connected with a wind farm along with its associated controllers, a small signal stability study is required. For this, a linearized system model has to be developed. The small signal model of the system with wind farm along with its controllers is discussed here. The eigenvalues of system matrix are computed from the linearized model of the power system. The absolute value of the real part of eigenvalues indicates distance from instability. The sensitivity of this minimum real part of eigenvalues with respect to small changes of wind power injection is used as an index to assess the small signal stability under various operating conditions. The optimum value of the wind power can also be determined with the help of the proposed eigenvalue sensitivity index. The systems used for the study are WSCC 3-machine 9-bus system and IEEE 16-machine 68-bus system.
The Number of Injury Events Associated With the Critical Size of Bipolar Bone Defects in Rugby Players With Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Hasegawa Yoshinori , Kawasaki Takayuki , Nojiri Shuko , Sobue Shogo , Kaketa Takefumi , Gonda Yoshinori , Itoigawa Yoshiaki , Kaneko Kazuo
Published: August 2019

Background:

The size of a glenoid bone defect is responsible for reduction in shoulder stability and is correlated with the number of instability events. Biomechanical studies have suggested that it should be considered concomitantly with the Hill-Sachs lesion as “bipolar” bone defects for assessing structural degradation, but the definitive number of instability events associated with the critical size has not been investigated.

Purpose:

To (1) confirm that the number of instability events is the predictor of a critical size of bipolar bone defects and (2) demonstrate the cutoff value of the number of instability events for these defects in rugby players with traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

One-hundred forty-four rugby players with anterior shoulder instability underwent morphologic evaluation for glenoid and Hill-Sachs lesions by computed tomography and determination of the critical (a glenoid bone defect of ≥25% or an off-track Hill-Sachs lesion) and subcritical (a glenoid bone defect of ≥13.5%) size of bipolar bone defects. In the primary analysis, the prevalence of the critical and subcritical size of bipolar bone defects was investigated. In the secondary analysis, the authors explored the predictors for these bone defects and determined the cutoff value correlating with the critical and subcritical size of bipolar bone defects by applying receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results:

The primary analysis revealed that the prevalence of critical and subcritical size of bipolar bone defects was 20.8% and 61.8% of 144 shoulders, respectively. In the secondary analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the total number of shoulder instability events and dominant shoulder were the significant factors associated with the critical and subcritical size of bipolar bone defects. The cutoff value for the number of instability events that correlated with critical bipolar bone defects was 6 for the dominant and 9 for the nondominant shoulder, whereas it was 4 for the dominant and 5 for the nondominant shoulder for subcritical bipolar bone defects.

Conclusion:

The number of shoulder instability events and the dominant shoulder were the predictors for the critical and subcritical size of bipolar bone defects for a shoulder with traumatic instability. Four injury events should herald caution when treating rugby players with shoulder instability.
Biofuel production from bio-waste by biological and physical conversion processes
Authors: Photong Noppawan , Wongthanate Jaruwan
Published: August 2019

This research is focused on the feasibility of biofuel from water hyacinth mixed with cassava starch sediment by biological and physical conversion processes and the comparison of the gross electricity production in these processes. The biological conversion process produced biomethane by anaerobic digestion. The optimal conditions of biomethane production were a ratio of water hyacinth and cassava starch sediment at 25:75, initial pH of 7.5, thermophilic temperature (55 ± 2°C) and C/N ratio of 30. The maximum biomethane yield measured was 436.82 mL CH4 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)−1 and the maximum COD removal was 87.40%. The physical conversion process was bio-briquette. It was found that the ratios of water hyacinth and cassava starch sediment at 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 were the best ratio of fuel properties and close to the Thai Community Product Standard, with heating values of 15.66, 15.43, 15.10, 14.88 and 14.58 MJ kg−1, respectively. Moreover, results showed that the gross electricity production of the biological conversion process (biomethane) was 3.90 kWh and the gross electricity production of the physical conversion process (bio-briquette) from the ratios of water hyacinth and cassava starch sediment at 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 were 1.52, 1.50, 1.47, 1.45 and 1.42 kWh, respectively.
“Give Her a Slap or Two . . . She Might Change”: Negotiating Masculinities Through Intimate Partner Violence Among Rural Ghanaian Men
Authors: Dery Isaac
Published: August 2019

Critical studies on men and masculinities have gained significant momentum in feminist scholarship in the past decades. The growing interest in feminist scholarship has focused broadly on how male-bodied people construct, negotiate, and express masculine identities. Despite this growing interest, insufficient attention has explored how rurally based Ghanaian men construct and negotiate their masculinities in intimate relationships. Situated within critical discursive psychology and drawing on 16 semi-structured in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions with adult men in northwestern Ghana, the results show that dominant notions of masculinity provide a broad context through which participants’ narratives, negotiations, and experiences on intimate partner violence could be understood. Findings suggest that various cultural narratives and metaphors were deployed to support men’s controlling behaviors and/or intimate violence against women. The implications of how harmful masculine ideologies could frustrate efforts that target the development and promotion of a socially just and less oppressive society are presented and discussed.
Parental Empathy, Aggressive Parenting, and Child Adjustment in a Noncustodial High-Risk Sample
Authors: Bi Shuang , Keller Peggy S.
Published: August 2019

This study examined the relations between parental empathy, parenting physical aggression, parental psychological control, and child adjustment in a sample of parents who had their children removed from their custody because of child abuse or neglect. Twenty parents between 24 and 40 years of age ( M = 31.15, SD = 4.85; 85% female) with a child aged between 1.5 and 16 years ( M = 6.5, SD = 3.88; 70% boys) participated in the study. Our sample was comprised of relatively racially diverse and low-income parents, with 40% from racial minority groups and 70% below the poverty line. Parents were recruited from a local nonprofit organization providing court-mandated parenting classes. Parents reported on their dispositional empathy, physical aggression toward children, psychological control and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms in an interview format. Parents also reported on empathy for their children through a semistructured interview; their empathy was later coded by trained research assistants. Bivariate correlation analyses revealed that parental empathy in the parent–child relationship negatively correlated with parental psychological control. Greater parental psychological control significantly correlated with greater approval of corporal punishment. Moreover, in the subsample of older children (6 years old and above), greater parental dispositional empathy was associated with greater child externalizing symptoms. Further exploratory analyses showed that associations between parental empathy, psychological control, and spanking attitudes differed across parents of boys and of girls. This study highlights the importance of examining empathy specific to the parent–child relationship in addition to dispositional empathy to predict parenting aggression. More importantly, studies should focus on a more covert form of parenting aggression, parental psychological control, in addition to physical aggression.
Effects of Dog-Assisted Therapy on Social Behaviors and Emotional Expressions: A Single-Case Experimental Design in 3 People With Dementia
Authors: Pérez-Sáez Enrique , Pérez-Redondo Elisa , González-Ingelmo Elena
Published: August 2019

This study examined the effects of dog-assisted therapy (DAT) on social behaviors, emotional manifestations, and experience during the activity of 3 people with dementia residing in a specialized dementia unit. The study used an A-B-A-B withdrawal single-case experimental design with two 5-session phases, baseline and DAT, replicating the same activities in each phase. The sessions were recorded and 2 independent coders quantified the frequency of social behaviors along with an assessment of the emotional manifestations and experience during the activity. Comparing with baseline sessions, DAT sessions showed an increase in prosocial behaviors (leans, looks, and verbalizations) and a significant impact on emotional manifestations with heightened pleasure. Dog-assisted therapy sessions also led to a better experience, with higher participation, pleasure, and relationship with others, together with lower rejection and displeasure than in the baseline sessions. Dog-assisted therapy seems to be a nonpharmacological therapy with potential to improve quality of life of people with dementia through promoting social behaviors and positive emotional manifestations.
Clinical Pharmacy Practice Patterns Among North Carolina Rural Hospitals
Authors: Lanier Cameron , Moss Jason , Tunney Robert , Baird Ruthanne , Kelly Kim
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Rural hospitals are isolated without adequate funding needed to provide for clinical services offered at larger health systems. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical pharmacy services available and desired by rural hospitals in North Carolina.

Methods:

This prospective, cross-sectional, survey was distributed to a cohort of rural pharmacy directors and managers at rural hospitals across North Carolina. Data collected pertained to characteristics of the hospital and pharmacy, pharmacy director, clinical services, and responder impressions on their ability to maintain or enhance clinical services. Responses were summarized utilizing descriptive statistics and free-responses were coded for similar themes.

Results:

Seventeen respondents (32.6%) completed the survey. Clinical activities varied, as did characteristics of the hospitals and staff. Improved patient care is the primary reason why hospital pharmacies expand their clinical participation (46.7%). Pharmacy directors believed growth of clinical activities was a long-term goal while reporting regulations, staff, and finances as barriers to growth.

Conclusion:

Clinical pharmacy services vary in NC rural hospitals. Directors exhibit a willingness to expand clinical responsibilities. Rural hospital pharmacy directors desire pharmacists to be active clinically in patient care, but face barriers in reaching that goal.
A gecko-inspired wall-climbing robot based on vibration suction mechanism
Authors: Chen Rui , Fu Leilei , Qiu Yilin , Song Ruizhou , Jin Yan
Published: August 2019

A prototype of gecko-inspired wall-climbing robot based on vibration suction mechanism is proposed. The robot adheres to the wall surface based on a novel negative pressure technology named as vibration suction. According to the theory of vibration suction, the vibration suction module is designed as the foot of the wall-climbing robot. In addition, the tripod gait of geckos is taken into account in the motion planning of the robot. By combining the unique properties of vibration suction mechanism and the tripod gait of the geckos, several advantages including stable motion, certain load capacity, anti-overturning ability, and good suction force to the wall surfaces are obtained. The climbing ability is verified by the experiment on the surface of the glass, which manifests that the robot can climb vertically at the highest speed of 13.75 mm/s with a spot turning at the single maximum turning angle of 20°. Potential applications of this proposed climbing robot in some fields include repair, construction, cleaning, and exploration.
Vehicle license plate recognition method based on deep convolution network in complex road scene
Authors: Liu Ze , Cai Yingfeng , Chen Long , Wang Hai , He Youguo
Published: August 2019

The license plate robust recognition algorithm in complex road scene has both theoretical and practical values. The existing license plate recognition algorithm can achieve better recognition results under ideal road scenes such as moderate light intensity, good shooting angle, and clear license plate target, but in complex road scenes such as fast speed, blurred aging of license plates, and low illumination such as rainy days, the effectiveness of the license plate recognition algorithm still needs to be improved. Based on the realistic requirements of license plate recognition algorithm and in-depth analysis of the principle of deep convolution network, we designed a deep convolution network for Chinese characters, letters, and numbers in the license plate to automatically learn the essential features of the image to make up for the limitation of the artificial feature recognition of the traditional license plate recognition algorithm. At the same time, according to the convolution kernel, downsampling, and nonlinear operation of the deep convolution network, the nonlinear abstraction ability of the license plate character feature is improved. The experimental results show that the proposed method can quickly and accurately identify the license plate character in complex road scenes. The recognition accuracy is better than the existing license plate recognition algorithm, which improves the accuracy of license plate recognition and achieves an ideal license plate recognition effect.