bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work–family conflict: A classed phenomenon?
Authors: Ragnarsdóttir Berglind Hólm , Bjarnadóttir Valgerður S , Hjálmsdóttir Andrea , Víkingsdóttir Anna Soffía
Published: January 2025

Prior research has found that high levels of work–family conflict negatively impact women's well-being. However, variations in the effects of work–family conflict on women based on class have been understudied. Moreover, most estimates of work–family conflict did not distinguish between work-to-family and family-to-work conflict. This study uses data from a cross-sectional phone survey of Icelandic women to assess the association between work–family conflict (in both directions) and symptoms of depression and anxiety among women of differing class positions. Key findings showed that (a) work-to-family and family-to-work conflict were positively related to symptoms of anxiety and depression among all women, but these relationships were contingent on class; (b) working-class women are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety due to work-to-family conflict than women of higher social strata; and (c) working-class women are more likely to experience symptoms of depression due to family-to-work conflict than women of higher social strata. The results demonstrate the need for further research on how women's ability to reconcile work and family varies by class and how public policy can account for such differences.
Dynamic Measures of Team Adaptation
Authors: Gorman Jamie C. , Grimm David A. P. , Robinson F. Eric , Winner Jennifer L. , Wiese Christopher W. , Roudebush Cameron
Published: January 2025

Objective

Dynamic measures of team adaptation based in team cognition theory and the measurement of real-time team cognition are developed. The present study examines the validity and context-specificity of this measurement framework for simulation-based team training.

Background

Teams adapt by reorganizing their coordination behavior to overcome challenges in dynamic environments. Theoretically grounded objective metrics for measuring adaptive skill in teams are needed. We developed dynamic measures of team adaptation to help fill this gap.

Method

Communication data from critical care air transport team training were analyzed using moving window entropy and recurrence-based determinism metrics of communicative adaptation in response to training event perturbations involving stabilizing deteriorating patient status. The measures were validated across four simulation-based training scenarios using objective and subjective metrics of team performance.

Results

We validated performance prediction in all scenarios, demonstrating generalizability. Critically, teams reorganized significantly more during perturbation segments than routine segments, validating the measures as indices of team adaptation. We also observed context-specificity, wherein the relationships between reorganization and successful performance depended on the training scenario.

Conclusion

The communicative reorganization measures advanced in this paper present a valid method for assessing adaptive competencies in teams. These analytics generalize in terms of performance prediction across training scenarios, but they are also context-specific, wherein patterns of effective reorganization depend on the type of scenario.

Application

We discuss the practical deployment of the measurement framework in a Team Dynamics Measurement System for assessing team adaptation competencies in critical care air transport team training.
Can a Universal Public Health Insurance Policy Dent Vulnerability to Poverty? Empirical Evidence from Rural India
Authors: Khosla Sunil , Jena Pradyot Ranjan
Published: January 2025

Idiosyncratic shocks, mainly health shocks, are common among rural households in developing countries, and as a result, many non-poor households fall into poverty and poor households remain poor. This study investigates the impact of a universal public health insurance policy, namely Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), on household vulnerability to poverty (VtP) in rural India. Using 17,468 national-level household data, household VtP has been estimated using feasible generalised least squares (FGLS), and the impact of a health insurance policy on household VtP has been investigated using propensity score matching (PSM) and endogenous switching regression (ESR). FGLS estimates show that VtP is found to be 33 per cent compared to a currently classified poverty headcount rate of 27 per cent. PSM and ESR results indicate that access to RSBY significantly reduces household VtP, especially in less developed states.

JEL codes: I00, I13, I15, I18, I30, I32, I38, I39
The mechanism of microplastic fibers release in a front-loading washing machine
Authors: Liu Guangmin , Cui Yulian , Wang Ke , Wang Laili , Wu Meiliang , Liu Hong
Published: January 2025

Microplastic fibers (with a diameter of less than 5 mm) generated by synthetic textiles during the washing machine laundering process are considered to be one of the primary sources of pollution in both water and land environments. This study aimed to investigate the impact of novel combinations of washing parameters on the release of microplastic fibers. A wall-mounted drum washing machine was chosen as the subject of research in order to comprehensively examine the influence of washing conditions on the release of microplastic fibers during the washing process. The results showed that the length of shedding microplastic fibers were between 300 and 400 µm. The diameter of the shedding microplastic fibers was 13 ± 1 µm. High amounts of water and high load can lead to an increase of fiber microplastic release. Abrasion between fabrics influenced the release of microplastic fibers according to the movement of the fabric, which could affect fiber directional migration conditions. The findings on microplastic fibers release will help in the development of better front-loading washers.
Exploring Loneliness Among Young People: Thematic Analysis of Loneliness Experiences on Finnish YouthNet Discussion Forum
Authors: Kaarakainen Suvi-Sadetta , Helenius Jenni , Laakso Mari
Published: January 2025

This article examines young people’s experiences of loneliness in the peer support discussion forum YouthNet (YN). The study aimed to shed understanding of loneliness as a shared experience. The data consists of 869 loneliness-related messages from 2010 to 2023. Data was analyzed with dual inductive-deductive thematic analysis and content analysis, in which themes emerging from the data were first identified, along with forms of loneliness drawn from previous research. After thematization, the data analysis was further deepened through content analysis. Eight distinct concepts of loneliness were identified: loneliness stemming from bullying and violence, emotional loneliness, loneliness associated with accumulated problems, social loneliness, ostracism-induced loneliness, loneliness arising from deviation from the norm, existential loneliness, and loneliness linked to the family environment. According to the study, to tackle adolescents’ loneliness, it is strongly recommended that services aimed at young enhance their proficiency and methodologies in identifying and aiding adolescents experiencing loneliness.
Auricular Mucormycosis: Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Alkheder Ahmad , Azar Adel , Sukkar Ghina , Yousfan Abdulmajeed
Published: January 2025

Auricular mucormycosis is an exceptionally rare and aggressive fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with poorly controlled diabetes. This report presents the case of a 54-year-old diabetic woman with isolated auricular mucormycosis and facial nerve palsy. The patient developed right auricular edema, necrosis, and severe pain, progressing over 10 days, with no history of trauma. Initial management included broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous liposomal amphotericin B, followed by surgical debridement and partial auricular resection. Despite extensive soft tissue involvement, imaging revealed no bony erosion or significant compression of the facial nerve. Facial nerve function gradually improved from House-Brackmann grade IV to grade II within 38 days. The patient’s condition stabilized after sequential surgical interventions and prolonged antifungal therapy, culminating in recovery by day 61. A comprehensive literature review identified 6 documented cases of auricular mucormycosis, all involving diabetic patients, with a mortality rate of 33.3%. Facial nerve paralysis, observed in 4 cases, often persisted despite infection resolution. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis, aggressive antifungal therapy, surgical debridement, and meticulous management of underlying conditions to optimize outcomes in auricular mucormycosis, a condition with significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Social Leisure Activities and Cognitive Functioning among Married and Unmarried Older Men and Women in Mexico
Authors: Monserud Maria A.
Published: January 2025

Using data from Wave 5 (2018) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, this research examines the implications of six social leisure activities for cognition among married and unmarried men and women in Mexico, while considering their physical health and depressive symptoms. The findings reveal some marital status and gender differences and similarities. This study indicates that church attendance and volunteering might be related to poorer cognition, whereas a training course, club participation, board games, and remote communication can provide cognitive benefits. Despite poor vision, poor hearing, and functional limitations, a training course, board games, and remote communication might be associated with better cognition. Yet, in case of poor hearing and depressive symptoms, volunteering, club participation, and board games might be linked to poorer cognition. The insights from this study can help develop intervention programs for improving later-life cognitive functioning through social leisure participation, particularly among individuals with deteriorating health.
The double-edged sword of informality: How informal communication shapes closeness and trustworthiness in personal and professional relationships
Authors: Schwabe Johannes , Altenmüller Marlene Sophie , Gollwitzer Mario
Published: January 2025

Communication style is critical in fostering and maintaining trust in private and professional relationships. Anecdotal evidence and applied communication strategies suggest that an informal communication style not only reflects but also causes feelings of closeness and trust. However, the experimental evidence on this is mixed, which suggests that the effects are contingent on boundary conditions. In the present article, we test four hypotheses about when and why informal communication in private and professional contexts increases or decreases the recipient’s perceptions of the sender’s trustworthiness in three important domains: ability, benevolence, and integrity. Across three experimental studies ( N total = 1085), we find that (1) informality increases perceived sender benevolence both in private and in professional contexts, but that (2) informality reduces perceived sender ability in professional contexts, particularly when it violates formal communication expectations. The results further suggest that (3) informality increases perceived sender benevolence through communicating feelings of closeness and (4) informality decreases perceived sender ability in high-status professional roles through communicating a lack of role awareness. The effect of informality on perceived integrity was moderated by context. Integrity perceptions were decreased in professional but increased in private contexts after informality. These findings highlight the nuanced role of communication context and role expectations in determining the impact of informal communication on trustworthiness perceptions.
Non-invasive [15O]H2O PET measurements of cerebral perfusion and cerebrovascular reactivity using an additional heart scan
Authors: Bach Mathias Jacobsen , Larsen Mia E , Kellberg Amanda O , Henriksen Alexander C , Fuglsang Stefan , Rasmussen Inge Lise , Lonsdale Markus Nowak , Lubberink Mark , Marner Lisbeth
Published: January 2025

Obtaining the arterial input function (AIF) is essential for quantitative regional cerebral perfusion (rCBF) measurements using [15O]H2O PET. However, arterial blood sampling is invasive and complicates the scanning procedure. We propose a new non-invasive dual scan technique with an image derived input function (IDIF) from an additional heart scan. Six patients and two healthy subjects underwent [15O]H2O PET imaging of 1) heart and brain during baseline, and 2) heart and brain after infusion of acetazolamide. The IDIF was extracted from the left ventricle of the heart and compared to the AIF. The rCBF was compared for six bilateral cortical regions. AIFs and IDIFs showed strong agreement. rCBF with AIF and IDIF showed strong correlation for both baseline rCBF (R2 = 0.99, slope = 0.89 CI: [0.87; 0.91], p < 0.0001) and acetazolamide rCBF (R2 = 0.98, slope = 0.93, CI:[0.90;0.97], p < 0.0001) but showed a positive bias of 0.047 mL/(g·min) [−0.025; +0.119] for baseline and 0.024 [−1.04, +1.53] mL/(g·min) for acetazolamide. In conclusion, the invasive arterial cannulation can be replaced by an additional scan of the heart with a minor bias of rCBF estimation. The method is applicable to all scanner systems.
A rare case of chronic complete uterine inversion in a postmenopausal woman: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Jie , Yang Weili , Zhang Fang , Yan Chunhong
Published: January 2025

Uterine inversion is a rare condition that refers to the collapse of the fundus into the uterine cavity and occurs in puerperal and non-puerperal conditions. Non-puerperal uterine inversion is particularly infrequent. Diagnosing non-puerperal uterine inversion is often challenging because it resembles vaginal or cervical tumors and pelvic organ prolapse. Furthermore, this condition alters the anatomical structure of pelvic organs, thereby complicating diagnosis and treatment, and potentially leading to misdiagnosis with grave consequences. We report a case of a postmenopausal woman who presented with irregular vaginal bleeding and dysuria for 2 months. Preoperative enhanced pelvic magnetic resonance imaging suggested a benign tumor combined with uterine inversion, which was subsequently confirmed during surgery. A laparoscopic attempt to reposition the uterus failed, leading to successful repositioning via an abdominal incision and subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. A histopathological examination showed a submucosal leiomyoma, which was smaller than that typically reported in other cases. We also conducted a review of previous cases to offer empirical guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.
Numerical investigation of the effect of geometric defects on dynamic frequency responses in body-centered cubic lattice structures
Authors: Sal-Anglada G. , Iváñez I. , Braun M.
Published: January 2025

This work presents a numerical study that analyzes the effect of geometric defects on the dynamic frequency responses of a metal block of body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice structures. The study considers 2 types of geometric defects: one involving the variability of the cross-sectional area of the bars that make up the lattice structures, and the other involving the eccentricities of the truss. An algorithm was programed in Python to generate these defects, which were then implemented in the commercial finite-element software Abaqus/Standard. The imperfections were allocated according to a normal distribution, with parameters determined from computed tomography data presented by other authors. The natural frequency of different blocks has been calculated, considering various levels of defects. The results indicate that dynamic frequency response can be a valuable tool for analyzing practical issues related to non-destructive damage identification of imperfections in BCC structures.
A custom-made novel design for temporomandibular joint prosthesis using finite element method: Self-pinned TMJ prosthesis
Authors: Köse Sinan , Sofuoğlu Hasan
Published: January 2025

This study demonstrates a new self-pinned temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis by reducing the load on the bone and, hence, tissue damage. In this new customized model, a 3D model of the intact mandibula was obtained by means of computer-aided design (CAD) using computed tomography (CT) scan images of a 34-year-old man and then investigated using the finite element method (FEM). The self-pinned TMJ prosthesis with fewer screws was mounted on the broken mandibula (lower jawbone) to create the implanted mandibula, which was then analyzed numerically via FEM. A number of different self-pinned TMJ prosthesis models were also created, and their functional performances under physiological loading were investigated to obtain ideal pin-screw structures. Moreover, alternative prosthetic fixation studies have also been carried out to facilitate surgeons in fixing the self-pinned TMJ prosthesis to the chin. The self-pinned TMJ prosthesis (P2BH-C) developed in the present study has led to a great reduction in stresses, which were well within elastic limits for all prosthetic components compared to the commercial prosthetic model. The developed prosthesis was able to reduce hard and soft tissue damage, which can provide surgeons with a more comfortable and controlled range of motion to avoid damaging the nerves.
Lunch &The Single Girl
Authors: Lowe Roslyn
Published: January 2025

Designed with the urban, female office WORKER IN MIND, TOKYO'S BANGKOK KITCHEN OFFERS A HAVEN IN A HECTIC CITY
On the Grid
Authors: Schwirck Samantha
Published: January 2025

Lighting for every neighborhood in Dropbox's hashtag-shaped city
Deft Punk
Authors: Tarricone Paul
Published: January 2025

'Coolest office in America?’ Contrasting color temperatures help a Chicago tech company make its case
Motorola on the Move
Authors: Hall Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

The company uses lighting to promote freedom at its smart new headquarters
Architectural Luminaires at Work
Authors: Florence Noel
Published: January 2025

The modem office merits conscientious lighting
Dimming Fluorescents
Authors: Darragh Denis
Published: January 2025

New opportunities for the 1990s
Video Photometry for Quality Control
Authors: Lewin Ian , Laird Richard , Young James
Published: January 2025

CCD technology produces an all-terrain photometer system
The Great Illuminator
Authors: Cialdella Philip , Powell Clara D.
Published: January 2025

Richard Kelly transformed a nascent technology into the lighting design profession
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Mortality in Cognitively Normal Older Mexican Americans
Authors: Cantu Phillip A. , Al Snih Soham , Markides Kyriakos , Raji Mukaila
Published: January 2025

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) present in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias are related to mortality. Research on the relationship between NPS and mortality in a non-dementia population is limited. This study examines NPS as a predictor of six-year mortality among community dwelling Mexican Americans aged 80 years and older. Data included 466 cognitively normal participants from Wave 7 of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of Elderly. NPS were measured using the Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality. The HR of death at 6 years was 1.02 (95% Confidence Interval—CI [1.00, 1.04]) as a function of NPI score and 1.09 (95% CI [1.02, 1.17]) for the number of NPI conditions, controlling for demographic and health characteristics. Apathy, irritability, and aberrant motor behavior were all independently predictors of mortality. NPS may be modifiable risk factors to increase survival time or may be indicative of underlying health problems. NPS may be related to underlying health conditions among older adults with normal cognitive functioning.
Moderated Mediating Effect of Writing Self-Regulation Strategies on Writing Scores
Authors: Ding Wei , Lan Hua , Chu Yao , Mao Qiaoyan
Published: January 2025

While researchers have explored the relationship between writing self-regulation and writing self-efficacy in student performance on academic writing tasks, less research has been conducted on the mediating effect of autonomous motivation on self-regulation and self-efficiency. In this study, researchers surveyed 445 elementary school students in China using the Writing Self-Regulation Strategies Scale, the Writing Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Autonomous Writing Motivation Scale. Researchers then compared the results of student responses to the scale items with scores on three written compositions. The results show that (1) writing self-regulation strategy positively predicts writing scores; (2) writing self-regulation strategies not only directly impact students’ writing scores, but also affect students’ performances indirectly through the mediation of writing self-efficacy; and (3) autonomous writing motivation modulates the first half of the “writing self-regulation strategy → writing self-efficacy → writing scores” path. Compared to students with low autonomous writing motivation, the writing self-regulation strategies of students with high autonomous writing motivation are more effective in enhancing their writing self-efficacy.
Central Nervous System Involvement in Pediatric Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case Report of Cerebellitis and Literature Review
Authors: Yıldırım Miraç , Altıntaş Mert , Tabanlı Fatma Pınar , Bektaş Ömer , Teber Serap
Published: January 2025

Autoimmune diseases are a heterogeneous group resulting from dysregulation or dysfunction of the immune system due to genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. It is common for these diseases to coexist. However, except for a single case secondary to varicella zoster virus infection, the association between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and acute cerebellitis has not been reported in the literature. A 9-year-old girl with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, initially presenting with symptoms of headache, nausea and vomiting, was diagnosed with diffuse bihemispheric acute cerebellitis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Various tests were performed to determine the etiology of the disease. Infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune causes were excluded. This case report illustrates an ultra-rare association between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and acute cerebellitis, with a successful outcome following treatment and monitoring. There are 17 children, including our patient, who were followed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and were found to have central nervous system disorders in the literature. Cerebral vasculitis and optic neuritis were the most commonly diagnosed neurologic disorders. Biologic agents have been implicated in some cases of optic neuritis and aseptic meningitis. Prompt treatment with corticosteroids and discontinuation of suspected biologic agents leads to favorable outcomes. This literature review highlights that early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Who Is At Risk?
Authors: Pando Alejandro , Cheng Roger , Ha Caryn J. , Gupta Gaurav , Abramyan Arevik , Mukherjee Sourav , Raj Jeffrey Pradeep , Liu James K. , Sun Hai , Lee Kiwon
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a rare but well recognized complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with increased morbidity and poor clinical outcomes. There is a scarcity of literature describing the prevalence and risk factors associated with this complication. The aim of this study was to identify patients who are at risk of developing TCM in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods

The 2016 to 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify adult inpatients with a primary diagnosis of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Univariate and multivariable analyses adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidity status, and hemorrhage etiology were used to characterize statistical associations with disease-related complications. Patients with TCM were further divided into those with “good” or “poor” functional outcomes and compared.

Results

A total of 42 141 patients were identified as having a subarachnoid hemorrhage from 2016 to 2021. Of these patients 486 patients (1.2%) were found to have TCM. TCM was associated with increased length of stay (19.15 ± 17.8 days vs 11.72 ± 14.4, P < .001), increased total costs ($451 502.59 ± 443 777.9 vs $242 327.92 ± 338 862.3, P < .001), increased number of days from admission to first procedure (1.74 ± 4.5 vs 1.94 ± 5.0, P < .001), and increased mortality (31.7% vs 22.8%, P < .001). After controlling for confounding factors, independent risk factors for TCM in patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage included: Female (Odds Ratio [OR]: 3.11, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.50-3.89, P < .001), Congestive Heart Failure (OR:4.60, CI:3.70-5.71, P < .001), and Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders (OR: 2.52, CI: 2.05-3.11, P < .001). Patients with good functional outcomes were found to have younger age (54.85 years ± 14.0 vs 58.14 ± 14.7, P < .001), decreased length of stay (17.11 ± 16.9 vs 19.83 ± 18.1, P < .001), decreased total charge ($370 245.94 ± 517 702.8 vs $477 366.55 ± 417 122.4, P < .001), and decreased mortality ( P < .001) compared to those with poor functional outcomes.

Conclusion

TCM after subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with increased mortality, length of stay, total cost, number of procedures in patients, and number of days to first procedure. Neurosurgeons and Neurocritical care medical professionals should be aware of the comorbidities and factors associated with increased TCM after subarachnoid hemorrhage in order to improve patient outcomes.
The Impact of Media Literacy on Substance Use Behavior: Analyzing the Role of Media Consumption Behaviors as a Moderator
Authors: Seo Hae Yeon , Austin Erica Weintraub
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate how media literacy and varied media consumption influenced substance use behavior.

Design

A cross-sectional survey was conducted.

Setting

Online survey was conducted June 22-July 18, 2020, with quality checks.

Subjects

The study recruited U.S. residents aged 18 and older who were proficient in English ( N = 1264). Panel sampling using quotas reflecting U.S. census was employed as an alternative to random digit dialing sampling.

Measures

Substance use behavior, media literacy for news, liberal media use, conservative media use, social media use, and demographics were assessed.

Results

Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. Media literacy for news was negatively associated with substance use ( β = −.15, SE = .08, P < 0.01, [95% CI: −.36, .06]) and interaction effect between social media use and media literacy for news on substance use behavior was significant ( β = .47, SE = .05, P = 0.02, [95% CI: .02, .20]) in the final model ( F(12, 1207) = 33.21, R2 = 25%).

Conclusions

Media literacy for news has a negative association with substance use behavior. Social media use, specifically, diminishes the effect of media literacy skills on substance use behavior. The prediction is based on correlational data. Further investigations are required to examine how individuals’ specific patterns of media use impact substance use behavior as part of media literacy intervention efforts.
The Holistic Effect of Complementary Interventions in Reducing Stress in College Students
Authors: Cefo Linda , Navarre Kellyann , Chicoski Allyson , Wilhite Myrita , Cox Violet , Feeney Sheryl
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research was to examine the holistic effects of combined complementary therapies in reducing stress in college students. This convergent mixed-method study provided aromatherapy, massage, and meditation music sessions to college students ( N = 50) just before finals week. Paired t-tests analyzed pre-session and post-session perceived stress and anxiety as well as objective physiological measures, including salivary cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure. There was a significant difference in the scores for perceived stress before and after the sessions, t(49) = 4.72, p < .001, as well as pre-anxiety and post-anxiety, t(49) = 10.27, p < .001. Additionally, salivary cortisol levels significantly reduced from pre-session to post-session t(49) = 2.76, p = .008; and a significant reduction in heart rate from pre-session to post-session, t(49) = 3.73, p < .001. This study demonstrates that 20 min of brief complementary interventions can alter students’ subjective holistic health perspectives, with objective physiological data confirming changes that promote health and wellbeing.
Semiclassical Birkhoff–Gustavson Normal Forms and Spectral Asymptotics for Nearly Resonant Schrödinger Operators
Authors: Bourebai Abdelkader , Ghomari Kaoutar , Vũ Ngc San
Published: January 2025

The concept of near resonances for harmonic approximations of semiclassical Schrödinger operators is introduced and explored. Combined with a natural extension of the Birkhoff–Gustavson normal form, we obtain formulas for approaching the discrete spectrum of such operators which are both accurate and easy to implement. We apply the theory to the physically important case of the near Fermi (i.e. [Formula: see text]) resonance, for which we propose explicit expressions and numerical computations.
Trace Formulas for the Magnetic Laplacian and Dirichlet to Neumann Operator—Explicit Expansions
Authors: Helffer Bernard , Nicoleau François
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we would like to measure how the magnetic effect appears in the heat trace formula associated with the magnetic Laplacian and the magnetic Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. We propose to the reader an overview of magnetic heat trace formulas through explicit examples. On the way we obtain new formulas and in particular we calculate explicitly some nonlocal terms and logarithmic terms appearing in the Steklov heat trace asymptotics.
Pointwise Stabilization in the Laminated Beam Model
Authors: Muñoz Rivera Jaime E. , Naso Maria Grazia
Published: January 2025

We consider two identical beams on top of each other with an adhesive in the middle. A slip occurs naturally in the structure. In this work, we take this slip into account and show that we can stabilize the system exponentially using pointwise controls applied on the axial force and the bending moment. The model consists of three coupled equations. The first two equations are related to the Timoshenko system and the third equation describes the dynamics of the slip. Our result improves previous results in the sense that it addresses the smaller dissipative effect, the point mechanism. To do this, we introduce a new method that allows us to show the exponential stability of systems of partial differential equations with point dissipation.
Dynamic stiffness formulation for the vibration response of functionally graded nanoplates considering the neutral surface position with microstructural defects
Authors: Rai Saurabh , Gupta Ankit
Published: January 2025

In the present paper, the dynamic stiffness matrix of a functionally graded nanoplate (FG-nP) has been developed and used to carry out a vibration analysis. The nonlocal elasticity theory in conjunction with classical plate theory (CPT) has been used to drive the governing equations of motion using Hamilton’s principle. The nonlocal elasticity theory incorporates the length scale parameter, which can withhold the small-scale effect that is necessary for model FG-nP. The pioneer Wittrick–Williams algorithm is employed to evaluate the dynamic stiffness matrix. The property of the FG-nP has been calculated using the power law. The authenticity and efficacy of the present formulation have been ascertained using various validation studies. The accurate prediction of the effect of porosity inclusions on different volume fraction indexes, boundary conditions, and higher vibration modes has been reported. The influence of the nonlocal parameter, boundary conditions, various gradation techniques, and geometric parameters on vibration behavior has been extensively explored. The results show the versatility of the proposed approach in addressing small scaled complex engineering structures. This research significantly contributes to the understanding and analysis of functionally graded nanoplates, providing valuable insights for applications in aerospace, structural systems, sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting devices.
Evaluation of microstructure, crystallographic texture, crystal orientation, grain boundary characteristics, and mechanical characteristics of dissimilar joints of ASTM A240 and alloy 625 in different welding techniques for high temperature applications
Authors: Settu Nandhakumar , Kesavan Gokul Kumar
Published: January 2025

The current study focuses on the welding of dissimilar joints between ASTM A240 and alloy 625 for high temperature applications, particularly in the manufacturing of CSP storage tanks. Two welding techniques, Double pulse – MIG and Single Pulse -MIG, were utilized. When comparing the two techniques, Double pulse -MIG demonstrated a 65% grain refinement and 30% lower heat input compared to Single pulse – MIG. Double pulse – MIG also showed a reduction of 17.7% in high angle grain boundaries (HAGB). The presence of a strong texture in weld center (WC) was confirmed by a maximum pole intensity of 7.7 in the normal direction (ND) direction. Double pulse – MIG exhibited a higher amount of strong texture in WC compared to Single pulse – MIG. Additionally, Double pulse – MIG resulted in a 75 MPa reduction in residual stress compared to Single pulse – MIG. Due to its ability to produce finer grains, Double pulse – MIG exhibited superior mechanical properties and higher tensile strength. Overall, the research highlights the advantageous mechanical properties of Double pulse – MIG over Single pulse – MIG welding methods.
Non-linear thermoelastic analysis of circular sandwich porous plates reinforced with functionally graded graphene platelets
Authors: Jafary Hojat , Attariani Hamed , Golmakani Mohammad Esmaeil
Published: January 2025

The investigation of graphene-reinforced porous composites has garnered significant interest due to their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, positioning them as promising materials for advanced structural applications. To fully harness the potential of these materials, numerical modeling becomes essential for understanding their behavior and optimizing their performance for specific engineering applications. In the present study, the non-linear bending response of functionally graded (FG) circular sandwich porous plates reinforced with graphene platelets is systematically analyzed under varying boundary conditions. The plates are subjected to a uniform transverse load and a thermal gradient, with distributions of graphene platelets and porosity graded along the thickness. The effective material properties, including Poisson’s ratio, are computed using the Gaussian random field scheme in conjunction with the Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. The governing equations of motion are derived from Von Kármán’s non-linear relations, utilizing both first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and modified higher-order shear deformation theory (MHSDT). These equations are subsequently solved using dynamic relaxation (DR) coupled with finite difference methods. To validate the results, comparisons with existing literature and finite element method (FEM) are conducted, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the obtained solutions. A comprehensive parametric study is performed to investigate the influence of various factors, including boundary conditions, graphene distribution patterns, porosity variations, and the thickness-to-radius ratio, on the non-linear bending behavior of the composite plates.
Performance assessment of nano-SiC-mixed electro discharge machining of Inconel 825
Authors: Uddin Md Piyar , Majumder Arindam , Barma John Deb
Published: January 2025

Inconel 825 is extensively utilized in corrosive environments; however, its low heat conductivity, work hardening and high-temperature strength make it difficult to machine. Electro discharge machining (EDM) is an advanced machining technique commonly utilized to machine Inconel 825 but its application is limited due to its high surface roughness and poor machining rate. Therefore, to enhance the machining capability of EDM, the present work uses deionized water with and without mixing nano-silicon carbide (SiC) particle as a dielectric medium during EDM of Inconel 825 and investigates the influence of powder concentration and current on key performance parameters such as surface roughness (Ra), tool wear rate (TWR), and material removal rate (MRR). In case of nano-SiC-mixed EDM, experiments are conducted by varying the current from 6A to 9A and the particle concentration from 0.5 g/L to 1.5 g/L. A comparative analysis of nano-SiC-mixed EDM with conventional EDM reveals that the nano-SiC-mixed dielectric medium improves MRR, TWR, and Ra by 40.42%, 7.60%, and 6.92%, respectively, on average. It has also been observed that adding SiC to the dielectric medium can improve MRR, TWR, and Ra up to 46.88%, 16.77%, and 8.96%, respectively. The minimum improvement of MRR, TWR, and Ra using the nano-SiC-mixed dielectric medium is 25.01%, 2.51%, and 5.45%, respectively. Further, the FESEM micrographs reveal fewer surface imperfections at particle concentration of 1 g/L while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated minimal electrode material migration at this concentration.
Electric discharge machine process parameters optimization for additively manufactured copper–graphene tool
Authors: Arya Shitanshu , Pandey Pulak Mohan
Published: January 2025

The overall cost associated with a product manufactured using electric discharge machine (EDM) incorporates tooling cost as one of the significant components. In the present study, process optimization was attempted for EDM parameters to minimize the electrode wear and cavity size variation and maximize the material removal rate. The machining was carried out using composite tool fabricated using a two-step methodology that involves an indirect 3D printing technique, rapid tooling, and pressureless microwave sintering. Composite samples having rectangular cross-section (35 mm  × 25 mm × 10 mm) were fabricated. The central composite design technique was utilized to plan and conduct experiments. EDM process parameters—discharge current, pulse-on time, and duty factor—were considered to investigate their effect on electrode and material removal rate and cavity dimension deviation. Multi-objective optimization was performed using genetic algorithm, and an optimized set of machining parameters 6 A discharge current, 180 µs pulse-on time, and 75% duty factor was obtained. Machining of D2 steel was performed at these parameters, and an electrode wear rate of 1.81 mg/min, material removal rate of 97.35 mg/min, and dimensional deviation of 1.42% were obtained. To assess the process capability, a complex-shaped tool was fabricated and considered for machining. A dimensional comparison demonstrated an effective method for manufacturing intricately shaped composite electrodes, achieving both a low electrode wear rate and a high material removal rate.
Smart railways: AI-based track-side monitoring for wheel flat identification
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammadreza , Mosleh Araliya , Vale Cecilia , Ribeiro Diogo , Montenegro Pedro , Meixedo Andreia
Published: January 2025

The wheel flat detection in trains using Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical advancement in railway maintenance and safety practices. AI systems can effectively identify geometric deformation in wheel rotation patterns, indicative of potential wheel flat damage, resorting to wayside monitoring systems and machine learning algorithms. This study aims to propose an unsupervised learning algorithm to identify and localize railway wheel flats, which considers three stages: (i) wheel flat detection to distinguish a healthy wheel from a damaged one using outlier analysis, achieving 100 percent accuracy; (ii) localizing the damage to pinpoint the location of the defective wheel through the Hidden Markov Model (HMM); (iii) classification of wheel damage based on its severity using k-means clustering technique. The unsupervised learning algorithm is validated with artificial data attained from a virtual wayside monitoring system related to freight train passages with healthy wheels and defective wheels with single and multiple defects. The proposed methodology demonstrated efficiency and robustness for wheel flat detection, localization, and damage severity classification regardless of the number of defective wheels and their position.
Early warning and thickness measurement of aircraft icing using ultrasonic pulse echoes
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Yang , Wang Yan , Zhu Chengxiang , Zhao Ning , Zhu Chunling
Published: January 2025

The accumulation of ice in critical regions on the surfaces of modern aircraft is a serious threat to flight safety, and so for aircraft to be able to fly safely in all weathers, they must be capable of reliable early warning of icing and online measurement of ice thickness. In this paper, an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique combined with signal processing is proposed for icing early warning and ice-thickness measurement. The early-warning sensitivity and ice-thickness measurement ability are verified through both simulations and experiments. The simulation results show that (i) the proposed signal processing method can identify ice and water effectively and (ii) the minimum icing warning and precise measurement thickness of the ice layer decrease with increasing center frequency of the excitation pulse; for a given center frequency, the icing-warning thickness is approximately a third of the initially measured ice thickness. The experimental results show that a probe-type sensor with a center frequency of 7.5 MHz can measure 0.24-mm-thick ice, and the early-warning time is 8.5 s ahead of the accurate measurement time. A flush-mounted sensor cannot measure the ice thickness because of the roughness of the ice surface, but it can still provide early warning of icing.
La fragilité du pouvoir : la série télévisée Versailles dans le contexte du terrorisme international
Authors: Zeller Lisa
Published: January 2025

L’article analyse la représentation de la construction d’un lieu central du pouvoir dans la série télévisée Versailles dans le contexte de la crise de déterritorialisation suite au terrorisme international. Une comparaison de la représentation de la lutte de l’État contre ses adversaires intérieurs et extérieurs à des fictions historiques de la cour du XVIIe et du XVIIIe siècle révèle que les motifs centraux de la série peuvent être reliés à ces fictions, tandis que les différences par rapport à celles-ci sont expliquées par la confronta­tion de la série avec son propre lieu historique : l’ambivalence par rapport à l’aspect stratégique de la construction du pouvoir central à partir d’une position de fragilité intense ainsi que l’analogie implicite entre les protestants révoltants contre ce pouvoir et le terrorisme islamiste. Dans le contexte des attentats de Paris en 2015, la divergence entre une représentation antipathique des protestants comme traîtres et agents d’une infiltration étrangère dans la première saison de la série (2015) et la représentation sympathique dans la troisième (2018), qui en fait des victimes d’un pouvoir de contrôle excessif et d’une exclusion intolérante, est attribuée à l’évolution des affects contemporains allant d’une condamnation des attaques terroristes à la critique de la réaction politique à ceux-ci et aux reproches d’islamophobie et d’intolérance.
Efficient estimation of the marginal mean of recurrent events in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Genetti Luca , Cortese Giuliana , Ravn Henrik , Scheike Thomas
Published: January 2025

Recurrent events data are often encountered in biomedical settings, where individuals may also experience a terminal event such as death. A useful estimand to summarize such data is the marginal mean of the cumulative number of recurrent events up to a specific time horizon, allowing also for the possible presence of a terminal event. Recently, it was found that augmented estimators can estimate this quantity efficiently, providing improved inference. Improvement in efficiency by the use of covariate adjustment is increasing in popularity as the methods get further developed, and is supported by regulatory agencies EMA (2015) and FDA (2023). Motivated by these arguments, this article presents novel efficient estimators for clinical data from randomized controlled trials, accounting  for additional information from auxiliary covariates.   Moreover, in randomized studies when both right censoring and competing risks are present, we propose a novel doubly augmented estimator of the marginal mean  , which has two optimal augmentation components due to censoring and randomization. We provide theoretical and asymptotic details for the novel estimators,   also confirmed by simulation studies. Then, we discuss how to improve efficiency, both theoretically by computing the expected amount of variance reduction, and practically by showing the performance of different working regression models that are needed in the augmentation, when they are correctly specified or misspecified. The methods are applied to the   LEADER study, a randomized controlled trial that studied cardiovascular safety of     treatments in type 2 diabetes patients.
The effect of estimating prevalences on the population-wise error rate
Authors: Luschei Remi , Brannath Werner
Published: January 2025

The population-wise error rate is a type I error rate for clinical trials with multiple target populations. In such trials, a treatment is tested for its efficacy in each population. The population-wise error rate is defined as the probability that a randomly selected, future patient will be exposed to an inefficient treatment based on the study results. It can be understood and computed as an average of strata-specific family wise error rates and involves the prevalences of these strata. A major issue of this concept is that the prevalences are usually unknown in practice, so that the population-wise error rate cannot be directly controlled. Instead, one could use an estimator based on the given sample, like their maximum-likelihood estimator under a multinomial distribution. In this article, we demonstrate through simulations that this does not substantially inflate the true population-wise error rate. We differentiate between the expected population-wise error rate, which is almost perfectly controlled, and study-specific values of the population-wise error rate which are conditioned on all subgroup sample sizes and vary within a narrow range. Thereby, we consider up to eight different overlapping populations and moderate to large sample sizes. In these settings, we also consider the maximum strata-wise family wise error rate, which is found to be, on average, at least bounded by twice the significance level used for population-wise error rate control.