bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rainfall simulation experiments in the southwestern USA using the Walnut Gulch Rainfall Simulator
Authors: Polyakov Viktor , Stone Jeffry , Holifield Collins Chandra , Nearing Mark A. , Paige Ginger , Buono Jared , Gomez-Pond Rae-Landa
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This dataset contains hydrological, erosion, vegetation, ground cover, and
other supplementary information from 272 rainfall simulation experiments
conducted on 23 semiarid rangeland locations in Arizona and Nevada between
2002 and 2013. On 30 % of the plots, simulations were conducted up to
five times during the decade of study. The rainfall was generated using the
Walnut Gulch Rainfall Simulator on 2 m by 6 m plots. Simulation sites
included brush and grassland areas with various degrees of disturbance by
grazing, wildfire, or brush removal. This dataset advances our understanding
of basic hydrological and biological processes that drive soil erosion on
arid rangelands. It can be used to estimate runoff, infiltration, and erosion
rates at a variety of ecological sites in the Southwestern USA. The inclusion
of wildfire and brush treatment locations combined with long-term
observations makes it important for studying vegetation recovery, ecological
transitions, and the effect of management. It is also a valuable resource for
erosion model parameterization and validation. The dataset is available from the National Agricultural Library at
https://data.nal.usda.gov/search/type/dataset (DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1358583).
Bayesian integration of flux tower data into a process-based simulator for quantifying uncertainty in simulated output
Authors: Raj Rahul , van der Tol Christiaan , Hamm Nicholas Alexander Samuel , Stein Alfred
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Parameters of a process-based forest growth simulator are difficult or impossible to obtain from field observations. Reliable estimates can be obtained using calibration against observations of output and state variables. In this study, we present a Bayesian framework to calibrate the widely used process-based simulator Biome-BGC against estimates of gross primary production (GPP) data. We used GPP partitioned from flux tower measurements of a net ecosystem exchange over a 55-year-old Douglas fir stand as an example. The uncertainties of both the Biome-BGC parameters and the simulated GPP values were estimated. The calibrated parameters leaf and fine root turnover (LFRT), ratio of fine root carbon to leaf carbon (FRC : LC), ratio of carbon to nitrogen in leaf (C : Nleaf), canopy water interception coefficient (Wint), fraction of leaf nitrogen in RuBisCO (FLNR), and effective soil rooting depth (SD) characterize the photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen allocation in the forest. The calibration improved the root mean square error and enhanced Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency between simulated and flux tower daily GPP compared to the uncalibrated Biome-BGC. Nevertheless, the seasonal cycle for flux tower GPP was not reproduced exactly and some overestimation in spring and underestimation in summer remained after calibration. We hypothesized that the phenology exhibited a seasonal cycle that was not accurately reproduced by the simulator. We investigated this by calibrating the Biome-BGC to each month's flux tower GPP separately. As expected, the simulated GPP improved, but the calibrated parameter values suggested that the seasonal cycle of state variables in the simulator could be improved. It was concluded that the Bayesian framework for calibration can reveal features of the modelled physical processes and identify aspects of the process simulator that are too rigid.
The Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP): Motivation and experimental design
Authors: Timmreck Claudia , Mann Graham W. , Aquila Valentina , Hommel Rene , Lee Lindsay A. , Schmidt Anja , Brühl Christoph , Carn Simon , Chin Mian , Dhomse Sandip S. , Diehl Thomas , English Jason M. , Mills Michael J. , Neely Ryan , Sheng Jianxiong , Toohey Matthew , Weisenstein Debra
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Stratospheric Sulfur and its Role in Climate (SSiRC) interactive stratospheric aerosol model intercomparison project (ISA-MIP) explores uncertainties in the processes that connect volcanic emission of sulphur gas species and the radiative forcing associated with the resulting enhancement of the stratospheric aerosol layer. The central aim of ISA-MIP is to constrain and improve interactive stratospheric aerosol models and reduce uncertainties in the stratospheric aerosol forcing by comparing results of standardized model experiments with a range of observations. In this paper we present 4 co-ordinated inter-model experiments designed to investigate key processes which influence the formation and temporal development of stratospheric aerosol in different time periods of the observational record. The Background (BG) experiment will focus on microphysics and transport processes under volcanically quiescent conditions, when the stratospheric aerosol is controlled by the transport of aerosols and their precursors from the troposphere to the stratosphere. The Transient Aerosol Record (TAR) experiment will explore the role of small- to moderate-magnitude volcanic eruptions, anthropogenic sulphur emissions and transport processes over the period 1998–2012 and their role in the warming hiatus. Two further experiments will investigate the stratospheric sulphate aerosol evolution after major volcanic eruptions. The Historical Eruptions SO2 Emission Assessment (HErSEA) experiment will focus on the uncertainty in the initial emission of recent large-magnitude volcanic eruptions, while the Pinatubo Emulation in Multiple models (PoEMS) experiment will provide a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of the radiative forcing from the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption.
Exploratory studies into seasonal flow forecasting potential for large lakes
Authors: Sene Kevin , Tych Wlodek , Beven Keith
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In seasonal flow forecasting applications, one factor which can help predictability is a significant hydrological response time between rainfall and flows. On account of storage influences, large lakes therefore provide a useful test case although, due to the spatial scales involved, there are a number of modelling challenges related to data availability and understanding the individual components in the water balance. Here some possible model structures are investigated using a range of stochastic regression and transfer function techniques with additional insights gained from simple analytical approximations. The methods were evaluated using records for two of the largest lakes in the world – Lake Malawi and Lake Victoria – with forecast skill demonstrated several months ahead using water balance models formulated in terms of net inflows. In both cases slight improvements were obtained for lead times up to 4–5 months from including climate indices in the data assimilation component. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relevance of the results to operational flow forecasting systems for other large lakes.
Reconstruction of the multielement apparatus of Neogondolella ex gr. regalis Mosher, 1970 (Conodonta) from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Golding Martyn Lee
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The multi-element apparatus of the Middle Triassic conodont Neogondolella ex gr. regalis has been reconstructed based on material collected from the upper Anisian in British Columbia, Canada. The apparatus of this species group is distinguished by the presence of a segminiplanate P1 element with a high, fused carina, and an alate S0 element with anterior processes that bifurcate at the cusp. This S0 element morphology is unlike those of other species from the upper Anisian of North America, but similar to those from the Lower Triassic. The new reconstruction demonstrates that Neogondolella ex gr. regalis does not belong to the genus Neogondolella, nor to any other Triassic gondolellid genus. It is therefore proposed that Neogondolella ex gr. regalis should be referred to a new genus.
“Live” (stained) benthic foraminiferal living depths, stable isotopes, and taxonomy offshore South Georgia, Southern Ocean: implications for calcification depths
Authors: Dejardin Rowan , Kender Sev , Allen Claire S. , Leng Melanie J. , Swann George E. A. , Peck Victoria L.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. It is widely held that benthic foraminifera exhibit species-specific calcification depth preferences, with their tests recording sediment pore water chemistry at that depth (i.e. stable isotope and trace metal compositions). This assumed depth-habitat-specific pore water chemistry relationship has been used to reconstruct various palaeoenvironmental parameters, such as bottom water oxygenation. However, many deep-water foraminiferal studies show wide intra-species variation in sediment living depth but relatively narrow intra-species variation in stable isotope composition. To investigate this depth-habitat–stable-isotope relationship on the shelf, we analysed depth distribution and stable isotopes of living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera from two box cores collected on the South Georgia shelf (ranging from 250 to 300 m water depth). We provide a comprehensive taxonomic analysis of the benthic fauna, comprising 79 taxonomic groupings. The fauna shows close affinities with shelf assemblages from around Antarctica. We find live specimens of a number of calcareous species from a range of depths in the sediment column. Stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O) were measured on stained specimens of three species, Astrononion echolsi, Cassidulinoides porrectus, and Buccella sp. 1, at 1 cm depth intervals within the downcore sediment sequences. In agreement with studies in deep-water settings, we find no significant intra-species variability in either δ13Cforam or δ18Oforam with sediment living depth on the South Georgia shelf. Our findings add to the growing evidence that infaunal benthic foraminiferal species calcify at a fixed depth. Given the wide range of depths at which we find living, infaunal species, we speculate that they may actually calcify predominantly at the sediment–seawater interface, where carbonate ion concentration and organic carbon availability is at a maximum.
Stochastic downscaling of precipitation in complex orography: a simple method to reproduce a realistic fine-scale climatology
Authors: Terzago Silvia , Palazzi Elisa , von Hardenberg Jost
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Stochastic rainfall downscaling methods usually do not take into account orographic effects or local precipitation features at spatial scales finer than those resolved by the large-scale input field. For this reason they may be less reliable in areas with complex topography or with sub-grid surface heterogeneities. Here we test a simple method to introduce realistic fine-scale precipitation patterns into the downscaled fields, with the objective of producing downscaled data more suitable for climatological and hydrological applications as well as for extreme events studies. The proposed method relies on the availability of a reference fine-scale precipitation climatology from which corrective weights for the downscaled fields are derived. We demonstrate the method by applying it to the Rainfall Filtered AutoRegressive Model (RainFARM) stochastic rainfall downscaling algorithm. The modified RainFARM method has been tested focusing on an area of complex topography encompassing the Swiss Alps, first, in a perfect model experiment in which high resolution (4 km) simulations performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional model are aggregated to a coarser resolution (64 km) and then downscaled back to 4 km and compared with the original data. Second, the modified RainFARM is applied to the E-OBS gridded precipitation data (0.25 degrees spatial resolution) over Switzerland, where high-quality gridded precipitation climatologies and accurate in-situ observations are available for comparison with the downscaled data for the period 1981–2010. The results of the perfect model experiment confirm a clear improvement in the description of the precipitation distribution when the RainFARM stochastic downscaling is applied, either with or without the implemented orographic adjustment. When we separately analyze areas with precipitation climatology higher or lower than the median calculated over all the points in the domain, we find that the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the real precipitation is better reproduced using the modified RainFARM rather than the standard RainFARM method. In fact, the modified method successfully assigns more precipitation to areas where precipitation is on average more abundant according to a reference long-term climatology. The results of the E-OBS downscaling show that the modified RainFARM introduces improvements in the representation of precipitation amplitudes. While for low-precipitation areas the downscaled and the observed PDFs are in excellent agreement, for high-precipitation areas residual differences persist, mainly related to known E-OBS deficiencies in properly representing the correct range of precipitation values in the Alpine region. The downscaling method discussed is not intended to correct the bias eventually present in the coarse-scale data, so possible biases should be adjusted before applying the downscaling procedure.
Seasonal monitoring of melt and accumulation within the deep percolation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet and comparison with simulations of regional climate modeling
Authors: Heilig Achim , Eisen Olaf , MacFerrin Michael , Tedesco Marco , Fettweis Xavier
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Increasing melt over the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) recorded over the past years has resulted in significant changes of the percolation regime of the ice sheet. It remains unclear whether Greenland's percolation zone will act as meltwater buffer in the near future through gradually filling all pore space or if near-surface refreezing causes the formation of impermeable layers, which provoke lateral runoff. Homogeneous ice layers within perennial firn, as well as near-surface ice layers of several meter thickness are observable in firn cores. Because firn coring is a destructive method, deriving stratigraphic changes in firn and allocation of summer melt events is challenging. To overcome this deficit and provide continuous data for model evaluations on snow and firn density, temporal changes in liquid water content and depths of water infiltration, we installed an upward-looking radar system (upGPR) 3.4 m below the snow surface in May 2016 close to Camp Raven (66.4779° N/46.2856° W) at 2120 m a.s.l. The radar is capable to monitor quasi-continuously changes in snow and firn stratigraphy, which occur above the antennas. For summer 2016, we observed four major melt events, which routed liquid water into various depths beneath the surface. The last event in mid-August resulted in the deepest percolation down to about 2.3 m beneath the surface. Comparisons with simulations from the regional climate model MAR are in very good agreement in terms of seasonal changes in accumulation and timing of onset of melt. However, neither bulk density of near-surface layers nor the amounts of liquid water and percolation depths predicted by MAR correspond with upGPR data. Radar data and records of a nearby thermistor string, in contrast, matched very well, for both, timing and depth of temperature changes and observed water percolations. All four melt events transferred a cumulative mass of 56 kg/m2 into firn beneath the summer surface of 2015. We find that continuous observations of liquid water content, percolation depths and rates for the seasonal mass fluxes are sufficiently accurate to provide valuable information for validation of model approaches and help to develop a better understanding of liquid water retention and percolation in perennial firn.
Survey of Transportation of Adaptive Multimedia Streaming service in Internet
Authors: Taha Miran , Lloret Jaime , Canovas Alejandro , Garcia Laura
Published: January 2018

World Wide Web is the greatest boon towards the technological advancement of modern era. Using the benefits of Internet globally, anywhere and anytime, users can avail the benefits of accessing live and on demand video services. The streaming media systems such as YouTube, Netflix, and Apple Music are reining the multimedia world with frequent popularity among users. A key concern of quality perceived for video streaming applications over Internet is the Quality of Experience (QoE) that users go through. Due to changing network conditions, bit rate and initial delay and the multimedia file freezes or provide poor video quality to the end users, researchers across industry and academia are explored HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), which split the video content into multiple segments and offer the clients at varying qualities. The video player at the client side plays a vital role in buffer management and choosing the appropriate bit rate for each such segment of video to be transmitted. A higher bit rate transmitted video pauses in between whereas, a lower bit rate video lacks in quality, requiring a tradeoff between them. The need of the hour was to adaptively varying the bit rate and video quality to match the transmission media conditions. Further, The main aim of this paper is to give an overview on the state of the art HAS techniques across multimedia and networking domains. A detailed survey was conducted to analyze challenges and solutions in adaptive streaming algorithms, QoE, network protocols, buffering and etc. It also focuses on various challenges on QoE influence factors in a fluctuating network condition, which are often ignored in present HAS methodologies. Furthermore, this survey will enable network and multimedia researchers a fair amount of understanding about the latest happenings of adaptive streaming and the necessary improvements that can be incorporated in future developments.
(Dis)agreement, polarity, and focus: Answering negative polar questions in Italian
Authors: Servidio Emilio , Bocci Giuliano , Bianchi Valentina
Published: January 2018

Among languages that employ specialized particles for answering polar questions, two major groups are known: Positive-Negative (P-N) and Agreement-Disagreement (A-D). English and Italian are examples of the former group, Japanese an example of the latter. It has occasionally been remarked in the literature that at least in some P-N languages a narrow focus in a negative polar question affects the choice of responding particles: namely, the answering pattern shifts to A-D. In the present contribution, this claim is thoroughly tested experimentally with two forced choice experiments that investigate the choice of responding particles in answers to Italian negative polar questions both with and without narrow foci. Our results bring clear support to the claim of the exceptional answering pattern to negative polar questions with narrow foci. Two candidate accounts are presented, in accord with the two main current lines of research on responding particles: an ellipsis account and an anaphoric account. In both cases, we will argue that a crucial role is played by the interaction of the narrow focus with sentential negation in the questions.
Redrawing the margins of language: Lessons from research on ideophones
Authors: Dingemanse Mark
Published: January 2018

Ideophones (also known as expressives, mimetics or onomatopoeia) have been systematically studied in linguistics since the 1850s, when they were first described as a lexical class of vivid sensory words in West-African languages. This paper surveys the research history of ideophones, from its roots in African linguistics to its fruits in language description and linguistic theory around the globe. It shows that despite a recurrent narrative of marginalization, scholars working on ideophones have made important advances in our understanding of sensory language, iconicity, lexical typology, and morphosyntax. Due to their dual nature as vocal gestures that grow roots in linguistic systems, ideophones provide opportunities to reframe typological questions, reconsider the role of language ideology in linguistic scholarship, and rethink the margins of language. With ideophones increasingly being brought into the fold of the language sciences, this review synthesizes past theoretical insights and empirical findings in order to enable future work to build on them.
Influence of HeartMath Training Programme on Physiological and Psychological Variables
Authors: H. Field L. Lucy , Edwards Stephen D. , Edwards David J. , Dean Sarah E.
Published: January 2018

This study investigated biofeedback using heart rate variability (HRV) and psychometric measures. An original, mixed, quantitative and qualitative, within subjects, pre-test and post-test design was employed to evaluate the influence of a HeartMath training programme on measures of HRV, sense of coherence, mindfulness and relaxation in a convenience sample of 13 participants with age range 26-62 (M = 41.46, SD = 14.39) years. Participants were required to attend a three-hour workshop and complete 30 minutes of HeartMath training that included 5 different biofeedback sessions. Paired sample t-tests indicated significant differences on all outcome variables with medium to large effect sizes. Qualitative findings revealed positive and informative experiences of taking part in the research. Integrated findings supported and extended previous studies attesting to the value of HeartMath training.
Factors Affecting the Audit Delay and Its Impact on Abnormal Return in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Lestari Syarifa Yunindiah , Nuryatno Muhammad
Published: January 2018

This study aims to study the phenomenon of audit delay that still Occurs in various companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange, Thus affecting the decision of the users of financial statements. This study secondary uses of data in 2009-2015 from 20 companies selected by purposive sampling method, which is to determine the company as a sample according to research needs. This research found that firm size (X1), leverage (X3), and audit opinion (X5) have the significant effect on the audit delay of the company in Indonesia Stock Exchange. While the variable profitability (X2) and reputation audit (X4) have no significant effect on audit delay in companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Audit delay (Y) does not affect stock price fluctuations, so it does not have a significant impact on the company’s abnormal return (AR) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Legal Basis of Common Approaches to Object to a Criminal Judgment in Iran and England Penal Systems
Authors: Yari Ayatollah , Sadeghi Hossein Mirmohammad
Published: January 2018

One of the basic discussions in criminal procedure code which has a direct relation with defendants’ rights in civil procedure process is the matter of objection to criminal judgments that have seriously changed and transformed after the Islamic Revolution. According to the criticisms received by Iran's legal procedure system, the legislator has tried to make closer their position to the world’s standards in the field of objection to criminal judgments by referring to its former rules especially the law of criminal trials’ principles in the law of criminal procedure code approved in 2013. In addition to the final nature of the sentences in common law system, today, different ways of objection are predicted in England accusatory system. The present research tries to deal with the matter that on the prediction of common ways of objection how much its legal basis is considered and how much Iran and England legislators succeed in this path, in addition to analyzing the real examples of the ordinary ways of projection (objection, research appeal, and review appeal) and legal foundations of each one of them in two penal systems of Iran and England. The results of the cases above can be the guide of Iran's legislator in approving and reforming the regulations related to the objection the votes and approximating the regulations to world’s criteria in this field.
The Modified Baumol Equation: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Tavor Tchai , D. Gonen Limor , Weber Michal , Spiegel Uriel
Published: January 2018

Baumol developed an equation of demand for money for the transaction motive. It is affected positively by cost per withdrawal and negatively by the interest loss resulting from holding cash. The present paper suggests modifying the basic and simplified Baumol approach by adding another element to the transaction equation. Availability of cash encourages spontaneous purchases resulting in customer losses. Through cost minimization with respect to three elements instead of two as in the original Baumol equation, a new modified Baumol equation was created. It is examined by using an empirical data set and the results support the modified version of the Baumol equation. Customers respond positively to cash availability when they spend more on luxury goods. This is prominent especially among unmarried and most likely young customers. Due to high-income elasticity, spontaneous purchasing is higher among wealthier customers and full-time workers who maintain a steady and secure employment position. Since such customers have a weakness for spontaneously and sometimes even carelessly buying luxury items, from their point of view they create a good and efficient buffer by decreasing the available cash in hand and thereby reducing or possibly even preventing their wasteful behavior. The new version is robust and statistically more significant than the original equation presented in 1952.
Seksueel gedrag online: leuk of risico?
Authors: Jonker Marianne , van Berlo Willy , van Haastrecht Paulien
Published: January 2018

Sexual behavior online: fun or risk?

In 2017 sexual behavior is more and more an online thing. It fits with the sexual development of the young to also experiment online with relationships and sexuality, but it is not without risks. There is a growing concern about sexually transgressive behavior online. In this article we describe the online sexual behavior of young people and the possible risks involved, such as sexually transgressive behavior and we name attention points for prevention and approach.
InLéctor: creación automática de libros electrónicos bilingües
Authors: Oliver González Antoni
Published: January 2018

Este artículo presenta un sistema de creación automática de libros bilingües con textos alineados. El sistema permite crear libros electrónicos en los que la oración en la lengua de partida está vinculada con la correspondiente oración en la lengua de llegada. Los usuarios pueden leer en la lengua original y ver la oración correspondiente en la lengua de llegada haciendo clic sobre la oración de partida. De esta manera puede continuar leyendo en la lengua de llegada o volver a la versión original haciendo clic sobre cualquier oración. El libro en la lengua de partida se alinea automáticamente a nivel de oración con su traducción en la lengua de llegada. Este sistema no utiliza la traducción automática, sino que, por el contrario, muestra la traducción publicada de la obra original en la lengua de llegada. Hemos creado diversos libros electrónicos bilingües utilizando novelas clásicas y su traducción de dominio público. Sin embargo, este sistema también se puede utilizar para alinear cualquier libro del que el usuario disponga de derechos sobre el original y la traducción. El sistema va dirigido a persona que quieran leer originales en una lengua en la que tienen un nivel medio o alto. Este artículo también presenta el proceso de creación de diccionarios bilingües a partir de recursos léxicos gratuitos. Ambos recursos, el del libro electrónico y el de diccionarios bilingües, pueden ser de gran ayuda para todos aquellos lectores que deseen acceder a la versión original de los libros.
Characterization of Bacteriocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Native Fruits of Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: GARZÓN KARINA , ORTEGA CLARA , TENEA GABRIELA N.
Published: January 2018

Tropical, wild-type fruits are considered biodiverse “hotspots” of microorganisms with possible functional characteristics to be investigated. In this study, several native lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of Ecuadorian Amazon showing highly inhibitory potential were identified and characterized. Based on carbohydrate fermentation profile and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, seven strains were assigned as Lactobacillus plantarum and one strain as Weissella confusa. Using agar-well diffusion method the active synthetized components released in the neutralized and hydroxide peroxide eliminated cell-free supernatant were inhibited by proteolytic enzymes, while the activity was maintained stable after the treatment with catalase, lysozyme, α-amylase and lipase suggesting their proteinaceous nature. The inhibitory activity was stimulated by acidic conditions, upon exposure to high heat and maintained stable at different ranges of sodium chloride (4–10%). The DNA sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of plw structural gene encoding for plantacirin W in the selected L. plantarum strains. Moreover, we showed that the active peptides of Cys5-4 strains contrast effectively, in a bactericidal manner, the growth of food borne E. coli UTNEc1 and Salmonella UTNSm2, with about tree fold reduction of viable counts at the early stage of the target cell growth. The results indicated that the bacteriocin produced by selected native lactic acid bacteria strains has elevated capacity to suppress several pathogenic microorganisms implying their potential as antimicrobial agents or food preservatives.
Driving and Dementia: Workshop Module on Communicating Cessation to Drive
Authors: Byszewski Anna , Power Barbara , Lee Linda , Rhee Glara Gaeun , Parson Robert , Molnar Frank
Published: January 2018

BackgroundFor persons with dementia (PWD), driving becomes very dangerous. Physicians in Canada are legally responsible to report unfit drivers and then must disclose that decision to their patients. That difficult discussion is fraught with challenges: physicians want to maintain a healthyrelationship; patients often lack insight into their cognitive loss and have very strong emotional reactions to the loss of their driving privileges. All of which may stifle the exchange of accurate information. The goal of this project was to develop a multimedia module that would provide strategies and support for health professionals having these difficult conversations.MethodsLiterature search was conducted of Embase and OVID MedLine on available driving and dementia tools, and on websites of online tools for communication strategies on driving cessation. A workshop module was developed with background material, communication strategies, links to resources and two videos demonstrating the “bad” then the “good” ways of managing this emotionally charged discussion.ResultsWhen the module was tested with internal medicine trainees, results demonstrated that confidence increased significantly (p < .001), and comfort and willingness in discussing the subject improved.ConclusionThis project demonstrated the positive impact of the module on improving health professionals’ attitude and readiness to communicate driving cessation to PWD.
Doing More with Less: Adoption of a Comprehensive E-book Acquisition Strategy to Increase Return on Investment while Containing Costs
Authors: Schroeder Rebecca , Boughan Rebecca
Published: January 2018

Brigham Young University, willing to experiment and pilot new e-book models, has established a comprehensive e-book strategy that includes demand-driven acquisitions, short-term loans, evidence-based acquisitions, subscription packages, purchased packages, and title-by-title purchases. This broad approach has reduced the number of titles purchased under the general domestic approval plan. At the same time, it has added value by providing access to more content, increasing usage, and lowering cost per use while maintaining the same annual expenditure.
Aspectos botânicos e clínicos das intoxicações por plantas das Famílias Araceae, Euphorbiaceae e Solanaceae no Estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Baltar Solma Lúcia Souto Maior de Araújo , Franco Erivelton S , Amorim Lucineide P. , Pedrosa Helaine C.S. , Paixão Thiane N. , Pereira Rita C.A. , Maia Maria B.S.
Published: January 2018

Trata-se de um estudo investigativo sobre os aspectos botânicos e clínicos dasintoxicações humanas provocadas por espécies das famílias Araceae, Euphorbiaceae e Solanaceae.É um estudotransversal,descritivo,comabordagemquantitativa,aprovado peloComitêdeÉticadoHospitaldaRestauração.Osdados referentes aoperíodode1992a2009foramcoletadosno Centro de Assistência Toxicológica de Pernambuco(CEATOX).Dos 214 prontuários analisados, 140 tiveram diagnósticode intoxicação por espécies das famílias Araceae (55%; n=77); Euphorbiaceae (36,43%; n=51) e Solanaceae (8,57%; n=12). A maioria dasAraceaefoirepresentadaporDieffenbachiaamoenaBull(50%); Euphorbiaceae por ManihotesculentaCrantz(11,42%)eSolanaceaeporBrugmansiasuaveolens(Willd.)Bercht.&J.Presl.(5,71%), utilizadas como ornamental, alimentícia, medicinal, em brincadeirasinfantis esuicídio.Em consequência da ingestão de partes dessasplantas ossintomasapresentadosforam:edema(língua,lábio),náusea, diarreia, rubor facial, midríase,alucinaçõese dores abdominais.O tratamento constou de observação clínica (45,31%) e tratamento sintomático (40,18%). A gravidade das intoxicações foi classificada como agudamoderada em 79,69% dos pacientes.
Avaliação psicofarmacológica do óleo essencial de Piper amplum
Authors: Zimath Priscila Laiz , Ribeiro Thaís Cecília , Dalmagro Ana Paula , Dos Santos Maria Eduarda , Gasparetto Adriana , Bella Cruz Alexandre , Malheiros Angela , De Souza Márcia Maria
Published: January 2018

Espécies do gênero Piper são utilizadas na medicina popular e carecem de validação farmacológica. Estudos científicos com a espécie Piper amplum são concentrados principalmente nos efeitos antimicrobianos e pouco se sabe sobre suas ações sobre o sistema nervoso central (SNC), apesar da planta ser utilizada de forma etnofarmacológica em processos neurológicos. Portanto, para avaliar os efeitos sobre o SNC, o óleo essencial obtido de Piper amplum (OEPA) (50, 100 150 mg/kg, v.o.) foi administrado em camundongos fêmeas Swiss (25-30 g/ n=8-10 animais e 60 minutos após os mesmos foram submetidos a testes de: depressão (teste do nado forçado, TNF), deambulação motora (campo aberto, TCA e Rotarod), convulsão e hipnose. Grupos controle-positivo (fármacos usados na terapêutica) e negativo (veículo no qual o OEPA foi dissolvido) foram utilizados nas mesmas condições experimentais. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com OEPA não afetou a deambulação e atividade exploratória dos animais no TCA, assim como não afetou o sistema motor no Rotarod. Não foram detectados efeitos anticonvulsivante, hipnótico e ansiolítico do OEPA; entretanto, verificou-se atividade antidepressiva no TNF nas doses testadas. Diante dos efeitos do OEPA sobre o SNC, pode-se considerar o mesmo como alvo potencial para maiores estudos relacionados a atividade antidepressiva
Elecciones municipales y derecho al voto de los extranjeros no comunitarios: estado de la cuestión y propuestas de reforma.
Authors: Naranjo de la Cruz Rafael
Published: January 2018

Resumen:Este trabajo estudia el estado de la cuestión relativa al derecho al voto de los extranjeros no comunitarios en las elecciones municipales y sugiere nuevos enfoques en relación con las distintas vertientes del tema. Asimismo, propone y analiza los cambios normativos que podrían concretarse a raíz de esa nueva concepción. La cláusula constitucional de reciprocidad no obliga a excluir del derecho a los extranjeros procedentes de países que no cumplen el requisito, sino solo a tomar en consideración su concurrencia a la hora de definir su régimen normativo.Esta interpretación de la cláusula de reciprocidad abre las puertas a una atribución general del derecho fundamental mediante ley, lo que hace necesario estudiar la posible inclusión en ella de cláusulas que limiten su alcance. Finalmente se defiende que no se puede atribuir al legislador un margen de actuación más amplio al regular las condiciones de ejercicio del derecho cuando este es ejercido por un extranjero, lo que sirve para cuestionar la constitucionalidad de la exigencia de inscripción en el censo electoral a instancia de parte.Summary:1. Introduction. 2. The constitutional reciprocity clause. 2.1 Reciprocity as a requirement. 2.2 Towards a new interpretation of the constitutional clause. 3. The problem of the source of law. 3.1 The overcoming of the international treaty as a norm of attribution of the right. 3.2 On the possibility of limiting the scope of legal recognition of the right. 3.2.1 Exclusions on grounds of nationality. 3.2.2 The criterion based on the percentage of resident foreign population. 3.2.3 Theparticular cases of Ceuta and Melilla. 4. Conditions for the exercise of the right to vote of foreigners in municipal elections. 4.1 Limits to legislative action. 4.2 Critical analysis of the requirement of registration in the electoral census by personal application. Abstract:This paper studies the state of the issue regarding the right to vote of non-EU foreigners in municipal elections and suggests new approaches in relation to the different aspects of the issue. It also proposes and analyzes the normative changes that could materialize as a result of this new conception. The constitutional clause of reciprocity does not oblige to exclude from the right foreigners from countries that do not fulfill the requirement, but only to take into account its concurrence when defining their regulatory regime. This interpretation of the reciprocity clause opens the door to a general attribution of the fundamental right by law, which obliges to study the possible inclusionin it of clauses that limit its scope. Finally, it is argued that the legislator cannot be given a broader scope of action when regulating the conditions of exercise of the right when it is exercised by a foreigner, which serves to challenge the constitutionality of the requirement of registration in the electoral census by personal application.
Igualdad y prohibición de discriminación: de 1978 a 2018
Authors: Rey Martínez Fernando
Published: January 2018

Resumen:A lo largo de los cuarenta años de vigencia de la Constitución de 1978, el tradicional derecho de igualdad se ha visto enriquecido por la emergencia de una nueva rama del ordenamiento jurídico: el Derecho Antidiscriminatorio. En el texto se traza la gramática conceptual de las nuevas categorías y su desarrollo jurisprudencial.El estudio analiza qué significa hoy la igualdad en sentido jurídico preciso, qué comprende la prohibición constitucional de no sufrir discriminación en general y también respecto de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres, la igualdad étnico/racial, la igualdad de las personas con cualquier tipo de discapacidad o por motivos de orientación e identidad sexuales.Summary:1. Sense and scope of constitutional equality 1.1 Introduction: from the classical concept of equality to new anti-discrimination law. 1.2 The legal concept of equality. 1.3 Equality in (the content) of the law and equality before (or in application) the law. 1.4 «Formal» or «legal» equality and «real» or «opportunity» equality. 1.5 Discrimination by indifferentiation. 2. Equality and prohibition of discrimination in strict sense. 2.1 Equality of Treatment. 2.1.1 Direct discrimination or treatment. 2.1.2 Indirect or impact discrimination. 2.1.3 Discrimination wrong, hidden and by association. 2.1.4 Multiple Discrimination. 2.2 Equal Opportunities: positive actions and positive discrimination. 3. Discrimination by sex / gender 3.1 Situation of the problem and regulatory framework. 3.2 Relevant jurisprudence. 4. Discrimination by ethnicity / race. 5. Discrimination for disability. 6. Discrimination by sexual orientation and identity.Abstract:Throughout the forty years of validity of the 1978 Constitution, the traditional right of equality has been enriched by the emergence of a new branch of the legal system: Anti-Discriminatory Law. The text draws the conceptual grammar of the new categories and their jurisprudential development. The study analyzes what equality means in a precise juridical sense, which includes the constitutional prohibition against discrimination in general and equality between women and men, ethnic / racial equality, equality of persons with any type of disability or for reasons of sexual orientation and identity.
El artículo 53 de la Constitución Española de 1978: esquema de la evolución y del estado de situación de sus instrumentos de reconocimiento y garantía de las libertades y derechos fundamentales (1978-2017)
Authors: Oehling de los Reyes Alberto
Published: January 2018

Resumen:El artículo 53 de la Constitución española recoge tres cuestiones básicas: en primer lugar, determina que los derechos y libertades vinculan a todo el poder público; en segundo lugar, determina la protección constitucional y judicial de los derechos y libertades y de los derechos fundamentales; en tercer lugar, reconoce los principios rectores de la política social y económica. En este artículo se analizan estos preceptos y conceptos constitucionales, pero también se estudia su desarrollo legislativo desde 1978 y la realidad práctica hasta el día de hoy. En el artículo también se hace análisis de algunas incoherencias de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional en materias fundamentales del artículo 53 de la Constitución española de 1978. La intención es dar una visión de conjunto del artículo 53 de la Constitución desde 1978 hasta hoy.Summary:1. Introduction. 2. The structure of the practical realization of the article 53. 3. Preconditions of the legislation of the rights and freedoms and fundamental rights: 3.1 The principle of subjection and legally binding of all public authorities. 3.2 The principle of legal reserve. 3.3 The core content of the rights and freedoms. 4. The preferred procedure and ordinary summary of the article 53: 4.1 Outline of evolution and situation of the preferred procedure and summary inthe jurisdictional divisions. 4.2 About the protection of fundamental rights with procedural nature. 5. The remedy of amparo in the context of the article 53.2. 6. Approximation to the practical sense of the principles recognized in Chapter III Title I.Abstract:The article 53 of the Spanish Constitution specifies three basic issues: First, determines that the rights and liberties link all the public authorities; Secondly, determines the judicial and constitutional protection of the rights and freedoms and fundamental rights in Spain; Thirdly, recognizes the guiding principles of the social and economic policy. In this article are analysed these constitutional provisions and concepts, but also is studied their legislative development since 1978 and the practical reality until the present day. In the article are also analysed some inconsistencies in the jurisprudence of the SpanishConstitutional Court on fundamental issues about the article 53 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The intention is to give an overview of the article 53 of the Constitution from 1978 until today.
­Change of niche in guanaco (Lama guanicoe): The effects of climate change on habitat suitability and lineage conservatism in Chile
Authors: Castillo Andrea G , Alò Dominique , González Benito A , Samaniego Horacio
Published: January 2018

Background. A fundamental problem in the biogeography of climate change is to understand and predict how environmental factors determine whether organisms will alter their seasonal activities, home ranges, migratory patterns, abundances, and interspecific interactions. The main goal of this contribution was to define the ecological niche of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) to describe potential distributional changes and to assess the relative importance of niche conservatism and divergence processes among the two lineages described for the species.

Methods. We used current and future projections of climate change under two extreme GHG emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) to evaluate changes of the environmental niche and future distribution of the largest mammal in the southern cone of South America. Evaluation of niche conservatism and divergence are based on identity and background similarity tests.

Results. We show that: a) the current geographic distribution of lineages and contact population prescribe different climatic requirements that are related to the geographic areas where these lineages are located; b) future distribution models predict a decrease in the distribution surface under both scenarios; c) the surface area predicted to be gained, lost, and unchanged is ~15%, 15- 26%, and 85- 75% respectively; d) a 3% increase of areal protection is expected if the current distribution of protected areas is maintained, however this is expected to occur at the expense of a large reduction of high quality habitats under the best scenario and; e) current and future distribution ranges of guanaco mostly adhere to phylogenetic niche divergence hypotheses between linages (L. g. cacsilensis and L. g. guanicoe). However, both lineages and the contact population show niche conservatism given niche similarity tests.

Discussion. Associating environmental variables to species ecological niche seem to be an important aspect of unveiling the particularities of, both, evolutionary patterns and ecological features that species face in a changing environment. We have provided specific descriptions of how such patterns may play out under the most extreme climate change predictions, thereby, providing a grim outlook of the future potential distribution of guanaco. From an ecological perspective, while a slightly larger distribution area is expected, this may come with an important reduction of available quality habitats. From the evolutionary perspective, we describe the limitations of the contact population´s niche to merge with the northern and/or southern niche lineages of guanaco exposing the complexities of understanding evolutionary patterns across this taxon as it experiences climate change dynamics.