bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constitucionalizar el orden fiscal en Nueva España: de la Ordenanza de Intendentes a la Constitución de Cádiz (1786-1814)
Authors: Sánchez Santiró Ernest
Published: September 2017

Este artículo se centra en dos aspectos. Primeramente, estudia las iniciativas de constitucionalización de la Real Hacienda novohispana, en el contexto de una tradición legal corporativa empapada en la analogía antropomórfica, bajo el fenómeno de la reconfiguración institucional de la Real Hacienda ocurrida ente 1781 y 1793, uno de los principales momentos del reformismo ilustrado de los Borbones en Nueva España. En una segunda etapa, se detiene en los retos planteados por la Constitución política de la Monarquía española de 1812 a la naciente Hacienda pública en Nueva España, sometida a las presiones de una sangrienta guerra civil que impidió su desarrollo institucional. Con esta exposición, se muestra la diversidad que existió en la cultura político-fiscal novohispana en torno a los sentidos y alcances que se podían adscribir al proceso de constitucionalización, así como al impacto diferencial que mostraban en materia de gobierno y administración del erario (regio y público/nacional, según las coyunturas) y sobre el régimen de contribuciones.
The Development of Local Accommodation to Support Subak Jatiluwih Tourism in Tabanan Regency
Authors: Muriawan Putra Agus , Astina Ida Bagus Ketut
Published: September 2017

The aim of research to develop local accommodations Jatiluwih, so tourists can stay longer in Jatiluwih and the community direct can interacts with tourists and direct benefit also from the tourists who stay. In this research, using qualitative descriptive analysis and the determination of sampling is quota sampling method and method of sampling taking with Slovin method. This research took place in JatiluwihVillage, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency. Key research findings show that there are still many obstacles the development of local Jatiluwih accommodations, such as: human resources, supporting facilities, the presence of the Holy Place, a large family does not agree, and promotions. In addition, in the development of local Jatiluwih accommodations there are several criteria that must be filled according the community, such as: obey with the rules in the village, not allowed in the Holy Place, keep hygiene, improved facilities, the easy of working capital, the coaching routine of related parties and criteria according tourists, such as: hospitality, cleanliness and security, mastery of English, supporting facilities, the willingness to interact with tourists, and the easy of information. Also, some programs in the development of local Jatiluwih accommodations, such as: dissemination to the public, collect data on houses to be used as a local accomodations, training, funding, establish a local accommodations management, preparing tourism package and tourism product of Jatiluwih, and promotions.
Sociedade Nula e Sociedade Irregular Código das Sociedades Comerciais, Jurisprudência e Doutrina de Ferrer Correia
Authors: Pita Manuel António
Published: September 2017

Em acórdãos do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça e de tribunais de segunda instância encontramos com frequência a afirmação de que as sociedades comerciais constituídas sem a forma legalmente exigida são nulas mas que exercem a sua actividade sob o regime das sociedades civis. Por vezes, esta afirmação aparece como premissa para decidir que as sociedades irregulares por falta de forma legal do contrato não são sociedades inválidas porque se converteram em sociedades civis. O texto que se segue procura analisar esta jurisprudência no sistema de valores recebido pelo Código das Sociedades Comerciais.
A Responsabilidade Pessoal e Institucional do Dirigente da Administração Pública no Quadro da Lei 67/2007, de 31 de Dezembro
Authors: Gomes Carla Amado
Published: September 2017

. Considerações Introdutórias;1. Uma tipologia passivel das competências dos dirigentes;2. O desafio da motivação dos funcionários perante a solução da solidariedade;3. A impotência perante a responsabilização por falta leve (e falta do serviço);4. A tripartição da responsabilização por actos juridicos culposos:4.1. A responsabilidade partilhada;4.2. A responsabilidade exclusiva;4.3. A responsabilidade subsidiária?;5. Considerações finais
O Modelo de Governo na Constituição Portuguesa de 1982
Authors: Rodrigues Luís Manuel Barbosa
Published: September 2017

O modelo de governo português recorta-se como democralico porque se encontram constitucionalmente autonomizadas as funções de direcção política e de controlo político do Estado.Afirma-se como governamental porque a função de direcção política primária é expressamente deferida ao Governo.Define-se como governamental primo-ministerial porque, endogovernativamente, é reservada ao Primeiro-Ministro a essencialidade dessa direcção política primária.Mais: porque esse Primeiro-Ministro se assume como o único órgão singular do órgão complexo Governo detentor da função de direcção política.E até, numa óptica mais abrangente, como o único órgão político singular do mesmo.O Governo detém uma reserva relativa genérica de direcção política e, sobretudo, uma reserva absoluta de direcção política primária, surgindo por isso caracterizado não como um órgão de direcção, entre outros, mas como o órgão de condução da política geral.
Breve Análise do Regime Jurídico de Regularização de Sinistros no Âmbito do Seguro (Obrigatório) de Responsabilidade Civil de Veículos Terrestres a Motor
Authors: Silva Rita Gonçalves Ferreira da
Published: September 2017

O regime jurídico de regularização de sinistros no âmbito do seguro (obrigatório) de responsabilidade civil de veículos terrestres a motor sofreu substanciais alterações nos últimos anos. Actualmente, esta matéria encontra-se regulada pelo Decreto-Lei n.° 291/2007, de 21 de Agosto, rectificado pela Declaração de Rectificação n.º 96/2007, de 19 de Outubro, entretanto alterado pelo Decreto-Lei n.° 153/2008, de 6 de Agosto.E a entrada em vigor, no dia 01 de Janeiro de 2009, do Decreto-Lei n.° 72/2008, de 16 de Abril (regime jurídico do contrato de seguro), não prejudica a aplicabilidade do diploma legal em estudo, atento o que se dispõe no seu artigo 2°. O tema referente à regularização de sinistros no âmbito do seguro (obrigatório) de responsabilidade civil de veículos terrestres a motor é, em nosso entender, de extrema relevância, quer teórica, quer prática. E isto atendendo, desde logo e para além do mais, ao número de sinistros que ocorrem diariamente no nosso país, ao montante pecuniário das respectivas indemnizações, ao tipo de danos e direitos em questão e ao (eventual) correspectivo aumento ou diminuição dos prémios de seguro em função do número de acidentes de viação que ocorrem. Estas razões justificam, na nossa opinião, a publicação do presente trabalho, no qual pretendemos analisar, ainda que de forma muito sintética, alguns dos aspectos fundamentais do actual regime jurídico. Para isso, optámos por dividir este texto em dois pontos. Num primeiro ponto, iremos debruçar-nos sobre a tramitação do processo de regularização de sinistros; no segundo ponto, iremos fazer um estudo, muito breve, da Tabela Nacional para Avaliação de Incapacidades Permanentes em Direito Civil.
A Duração e Organização do Tempo de Trabalho
Authors: Cardoso Miguel Lopes
Published: September 2017

O novo Código do Trabalho, aprovado pela Lei n.º 7/2009, de 12 de Fevereiro, doravante CT/2009 (que revogou o anterior Código, doravante Cl/2003 - v. art.º 12º-1 a) do diploma preambular), veio produzir algumas alterações nas matérias de duração e organização do tempo de trabalho.Matéria sensível, geradora de tensões sociais, procurou liberalizar a maneira como as empresas podem utilizar a força de trabalho, com vista à flexibilidade, através de um melhor desenvolvimento da actividade económica, de uma melhor adaptação às necessidades empresariais e, assim, de um aumento da competitividade. A evolução segue o caminho começado a trilhar pelo CT/2003 ao ser, então, desbravado o conceito de adaptabilidade do período normal de trabalho, pondo em causa a tradição jus-laboral que reflectia a rigidez da prestação do trabalhador. Abriu-se a porta ao "modelo flexível", por confronto com o antigo "modelo rígido'', afectando o conceito de trabalho suplementar.Na verdade, onde antes era adquirido que o trabalho desenvolvido para além do período normal de trabalho, ou fora do horário de trabalho, era trabalho suplementar, passou a aceitar-se que nem sempre assim é. De maneira que a prestação fora dos limites do período normal ou para além da baliza horária pode integrar-se no cumprimento normal dos deveres laborais do trabalhador.A utilização da força do trabalho nas diversas formas de flexibilidade (que infra serão tratadas) torna normal a prestação fora do horário e para além do período normal de trabalho (obviamente dentro dos limites permitidos), afastando a "natureza intrínseca de não-mormalidade" subjacente ao trabalho suplementar.O CT/2009 vai para além do que o legislador trouxe em 2003, mantendo muitos dos conceitos, mas introduzindo novidades de relevo. Novas figuras jurídicas são colocadas à disposição das empresas no sentido de procurar o uso racional e eficaz da força de trabalho. Procuremos, então, perceber em que consiste essa evolução. Começando por acentuar as semelhanças para depois apresentar as mudanças.
Em Defesa da Função Publicitária da Marca
Authors: Lança Hugo
Published: September 2017

As marcas de empresa são indubitavelmente os principais símbolos e instrumentos no mercado concorrencial, sendo o meio utilizado pelos empresários para prestigiarem os seus produtos ou serviços. É inexpugnável que na praxis empresarial estas desempenham um papel de magnânime importância, sendo inimaginável a subsistência do mercado actual sem estes signos. A relevância exponencial da utilidade da marca relaciona-se com a sociedade de consumo massificada, caracterizada pela simultânea coexistência de uma infinidade de bens, com características homogéneas, susceptíveis de cercearem as mesmas necessidades subjectivas. (...)
VALIDITY TEACHING MATERIALS OF INDONESIAN EDUCATION IN BEGINNING CLASS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COURSE BASED INTEGRATED SCIENCE AND SOCIAL STUDIES
Authors: Sukartiningsih Wahyu
Published: September 2017

The aim of the research is to develop teaching materials of Indonesian education in beginning class of elementary school course based integrated science and social studies based Scientific Approach to optimize students competence in Elementary School Teacher Education Department. The specific objective of the first study to explain the validity of teaching materials of Indonesian education in beginning class of elementary school course based integrated science and social studies based Scientific Approach to optimize students competence in Elementary School Teacher Education Department. This study consists of two main steps: Firstly, to design teaching materials refers to the 4-D model of development; Secondly, to explain validity the teaching materials. Data collection techniques is questionaire. The research instrument consisted of Questionaire respon. Data from this study were analyzed by descriptive statistics, such as score of quesionaire Response students and lecturer. The results showed that the teaching materials of Indonesian education in beginning class of elementary school course based integrated science and social studies based Scientific Approach to optimize students competence in Elementary School Teacher Education Department was valid.
Improving The Students’ Writing Competence in a Second Language Acquisition through The Implementation of Lesson Study
Authors: Purnama Syahfitri
Published: September 2017

Writing is the most difficult skill for second language learners. It can be seen, for example, they always make ageneralization, simplification, less of knowing vocabularies, punctuation, spelling,  and grammar. This paper will describe improving the students’ writing competence in second language acquisition through the implementation of lesson study in faculty of language education of Indraprasta PGRI University of Jakarta. This research uses qualitative approach and the data taken from the students who are studying writing in the class. In applying lesson study, lecturer model explains  about the materials based on the syllabus of the subject.  The students are also given tasks in their groups. The observers watch and write about the students and assist them. After doing this, the observers discuss about the class with the lecturer model.  By doing the implementation of  Lesson Study, the students can work in group together, the class is so inspiring, they feel satisfied with the explanation of the lecturer model and  havegood impact to improve the students’ writing competence.
The Development of Multicultural Education Model in West Kalimantan
Authors: Kristianus Kristianus
Published: September 2017

This study background is from the history of West Kalimantan as an area that has the potential for violent conflict in the name of ethnicity. This potential is supported by the shift of the demographic map, from homogeneous to heterogeneous society. Segregation population continues to occur when the autonomous regions were accompanied by a local election. At the beginning of this year, for example, we were struck increased intolerance. The potential of violent conflict continues to arise in every operation of the democratic party at the local level. To determine the potential of multi-cultural knowledge in students, the authors conducted research on the two schools with different types of contrast. The research was carried out for two months with ethnographic methods. The author conducted in-depth interviews as well in addition to observation and review of the literature. These results indicate that teens from both schools studied generally have a multicultural knowledge is still relatively low, but they want to learn the culture of the ethnic other. Multicultural education in adolescents (students) is influenced by two factors: internal factors (instrumental) and external factors (environmental). The instrumental factors, among others: the teens themselves, teachers, family, and peers, whereas environmental factors, among others, media, and government (policy). Another important finding is that regional autonomy could be access for schools in encouraging alternative education models as a result of their creative efforts into spaces of democracy and pluralism in schools. Relations between the school through the activities of the organization-Students' Union (OSIS) can be a bridge multicultural adolescent relationships in these two schools. The author realizes there are still many shortcomings of this study, for that kind of research still needs to be done
Environmental surveillance during an outbreak of tularaemia in hares, the Netherlands, 2015
Authors: Janse Ingmar , Maas Miriam , Rijks Jolianne M , Koene Miriam , van der Plaats Rozemarijn QJ , Engelsma Marc , van der Tas Peter , Braks Marieta , Stroo Arjan , Notermans Daan W , de Vries Maaike C , Reubsaet Frans , Fanoy Ewout , Swaan Corien , Kik Marja JL , IJzer Jooske , Jaarsma Ryanne I , van Wieren Sip , de Roda-Husman Ana Maria , van Passel Mark , Roest Hendrik-Jan , van der Giessen Joke
Published: September 2017

Tularaemia, a disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, is a re-emerging zoonosis in the Netherlands. After sporadic human and hare cases occurred in the period 2011 to 2014, a cluster of F. tularensis-infected hares was recognised in a region in the north of the Netherlands from February to May 2015. No human cases were identified, including after active case finding. Presence of F. tularensis was investigated in potential reservoirs and transmission routes, including common voles, arthropod vectors and surface waters. F. tularensis was not detected in common voles, mosquito larvae or adults, tabanids or ticks. However, the bacterium was detected in water and sediment samples collected in a limited geographical area where infected hares had also been found. These results demonstrate that water monitoring could provide valuable information regarding F. tularensis spread and persistence, and should be used in addition to disease surveillance in wildlife.
The Lemonade Stand: A Teaching Case for Developing an Information System for the Revenue Process
Authors: Schafer Brad A. , Hurtt Kathy
Published: September 2017

For this case, each student assumes the role of an accountant and system designer developing a company's accounting software application. The student is provided with company background information and relevant revenue processes for Schafer Lemonade Stand Company. Using a relatively simple business plan, each student documents the system and designs and implements a computerized application to record and report all of the necessary information for the revenue process of the business. By completing the requirements of the case, the student integrates the concepts of database design (data modeling), walkthrough documentation (flowcharting), hands-on development (creating tables, forms, queries, and reports), and considers key internal control concepts for accounting processes.
Longitudinal, Transverse or Centrally Aligned? In the Search for the Correct Layout of the ‘Protesters’ Churches
Authors: Harasimowicz Jan
Published: September 2017

The article was written within the framework of a research project “Protestant Church Architecture of the 16th -18th centuries in Europe”, conducted by the Department of the Renaissance and Reformation Art History at the University of Wrocław. It is conceived as a preliminary summary of the project’s outcomes. The project’s principal research objective is to develop a synthesis of Protestant church architecture in the countries which accepted, even temporarily, the Reformation: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Island, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Sweden and The Netherlands. Particular emphasis is placed on the development of spatial and functional solutions (specifically ground plans: longitudinal, transverse rectangular, oval, circular, Latin- and Greek-cross, ground plans similar to the letters “L” and “T”) and the placement of liturgical furnishing elements within the church space (altars, pulpits, baptismal fonts and organs).
The Macular Carotenoids Lutein and Zeaxanthin Are Related to Increased Bone Density in Young Healthy Adults
Authors: Bovier Emily , Hammond Billy
Published: September 2017

Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) status can be quantified by measuring their concentrations both in serum and, non-invasively, in retinal tissue. This has resulted in a unique ability to assess their role in a number of tissues ranging from cardiovascular to central nervous system tissue. Recent reports using animal models have suggested yet another role, a developmental increase in bone mass. To test this, we assessed L and Z status in 63 young healthy adults. LZ status was determined by measuring LZ in serum (using HPLC) and retina tissue (measuring macular pigment optical density, MPOD, using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry). Bone density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Although serum LZ was generally not related to bone mass, MPOD was significantly related to bone density in the proximal femur and lumbar spine. In general, our results are consistent with carotenoids, specifically LZ, playing a role in optimal bone health.
Cybernetic functioning in stuttering
Authors: Zsilavecz Ursula
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate different kinds of masking noise and DAF, in order to identify the condition which would elicit the highest incidence of fluency in a group of stutterers. The study demonstrates that masking noise and DAF can be effectively applied as an aid in a therapy programme, viz. noise can effectively be put to use so as to encourage and reinforce somesthesia. Stuttering is viewed as defective functioning in the cybernetic system.
Screening of Diabetes Retinopathy in Optometry: Assessment of a Web-based Training Protocol
Authors: Aamodt Marianne , Sundling Vibeke
Published: September 2017

Diabetic retinopathy is a sight threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Regular eye examinations by trained health professionals can help prevent this. Although ophthalmologists have screening responsibility in Norway today, Norwegian optometrists regularly examine the ocular health of a large part of the population. The exact number of people with diabetes in Norway is unknown, and many are likely undiagnosed. Optometrists should be able to detect and grade diabetic retinopathy and ensure proper management of these patients. Previous studies in Norway have shown that optometrists need improved diagnostic skills to provide screening according to recommended standards. This study investigated the effect of web-based targeted training on the optometristsâ€™ ability to detect, classify and manage patients with diabetic retinopathy. The study had an experimental prospective design. Eighteen optometrists working in optometric practice in Norway participated in a web-based survey "Visual Identification and Management of Ocular Conditions" (VIMOC) related to diabetic retinopathy before and after a minimal web-based training protocol. In the VIMOC, the optometrists assessed 14 retinal digital photographs of people with known diabetes. An ophthalmologistâ€™s assessment and grading of the images was considered as the gold standard. The prevalence of retinopathy in the sample was set to 50% to prevent false high specificity. The web-based training significantly improved the optometristsâ€™ diagnostic sensitivity, but did not significantly improve specificity. The diagnostic sensitivity before training was 71.4% (SD = 19.6). After training, the sensitivity was 85.71% (SD = 12.9). However, only six (33%) of the optometrists achieved the recommended screening standard; sensitivity of 80% or better and specificity of 95% of better. Web-based training in screening for diabetic retinopathy significantly improved optometristsâ€™ screening and grading skills. Specific training in diabetes and screening for diabetic retinopathy are of great importance for detection and management of patients with diabetes by optometrists.
School-Based Nutrition Education Intervention Improves Nutrition Knowledge and Lipid Profile among Overweight/Obese Children
Authors: Addo Phyllis , Adua Eric , Harrison Obed Akwaa , Baah Rose Otema , Anderson Alex Kojo , Steiner-Aseidu Matilda
Published: September 2017

Many children in Ghana do not meet the dietary and physical activity recommendations for their health due to several reasons including limited nutrition education intervention (NEI) programmes. NEI provides children with information on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) required to ensure proper dietary intake and physical activity. In this intervention study, we recruited eighty (80) overweight and obese students aged 11-15 years from two schools in the Ga-East municipality of Ghana. Anthropometric, biochemical, dietary and physical activity information were collected on the two groups before and after three months of NEI. Between group comparisons (test and control); before and after interventions were performed using student t-tests. It was shown that NEI improved nutrition knowledge (mean change = 5.13, p<0.01), attitude (mean change = 2.75, p<0.01) but not practice (mean change = -1.42, p<0.05) in overweight and obese children. Although anthropometric indicators did not improve with NEI, serum lipid profile of participants improved as indicated by the following mean changes: TC [-1.22, 95%CI (-1.90 -0.55)] mg/dL, HDL-c [-0.19, 95% CI (-0.38, 0.00)] mg/dL, LDL-c [-0.90, 95%CI (-1.52, -0.28)] mg/dL and TG [(-0.66, 95%CI (-1.23, -0.09)] mg/dL. Our findings show that NEI undertaken within a relatively short period of time could have positive effects on lipid profile, knowledge and attitudes of school children, and in turn, promote the fight against childhood obesity, and improve the health and wellbeing of children.
„Inteligentna” specjalizacja a konkurencyjność regionów turystycznych
Authors: Gryszel Piotr
Published: September 2017

Cel. Celem pracy jest ocena możliwości zastosowania założeń inteligentnej specjalizacji w odniesieniu do najmniejszych regionów, jakimi są gminy oraz ocena wpływu specjalizacji turystycznej na konkurencyjność wybranych gmin Dolnego Śląska.

Metoda. Syntetyczna miara inteligentnej specjalizacji turystycznej obszaru (SMISTO) oraz syntetyczna miara konkurencyjności regionu turystycznego (SMKRT) stworzona na podstawie danych Banku Danych Lokalnych. Miara syntetyczna wykorzystująca do agregacji wartości zmiennych średnią arytmetyczną.

Wyniki. W wyniku zastosowania miary syntetycznej ustalono ranking konkurencyjności gmin Dolnego Śląska oraz zbadano korelację pomiędzy inteligentną specjalizacją turystyczną gminy a jej pozycją w rankingu konkurencyjności. Ustalono, że inteligentna specjalizacja turystyczna sprzyja podniesieniu konkurencyjności gminy.

Ograniczenia badań i wnioskowania. Największą przeszkodą był brak niektórych istotnych danych statystycznych, gdyż nie są one gromadzone przez GUS lub nie są gromadzone na poziomie gminnym.

Implikacje praktyczne. Wyodrębnienie klas podobnych pod względem konkurencyjności regionów oraz określenie korelacji z inteligentną specjalizacją turystyczną pozwala na lepsze zarządzanie obszarem oraz lepsze lokowanie środków z funduszy Unii Europejskiej. Pozwala też na budowanie strategii rozwoju poszczególnych gmin.

Oryginalność pracy. Badanie problematyki konkurencyjności oraz inteligentnej specjalizacji w ujęciu mikroregionalnym jest problemem nowym. Dotychczas badano ją głównie w odniesieniu do poszczególnych krajów lub subregionów oraz w odniesieniu do przedsiębiorstw turystycznych. Ponadto w wielu regionach opracowano strategie inteligentnej specjalizacji, co jest zgodne z najnowszą polityką regionalną Unii Europejskiej. O walorze pracy stanowi zastosowanie miary syntetycznej pozwalającej na zbudowanie indeksu konkurencyjności oraz indeksu inteligentnej specjalizacji.

Rodzaj pracy: artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań empirycznych opartych na analizie danych wtórnych.
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: September 2017

Welcome to the September 2017 issue of C&RL News. In light of the current political and social climate, many libraries and librarians are renewing their commitment to core professional values such as diversity and inclusion. At Portland State University, librarians are an integral part of teams working to support a culturally responsive and inclusive curriculum. Kimberly Pendell and Robert Schroeder write about the project in “Librarians as campus partners.”
ACRL in Chicago: ACRL programs at the ALA Annual Conference
Authors: College & Research Libraries Association of
Published: September 2017

ALA’s 136th Annual Conference was held June 22–27, 2017, in Chicago. More than 22,700 librarians, library support staff, exhibitors, writers, educators, publishers, and special guests attended the conference. Ed. note: Thanks to the ACRL members who summarized programs to make this report possible.
C&RL Spotlight
Authors: Kaspar Wendi
Published: September 2017

The slate of articles in the September issue of C&RL is another diverse one, representing the breadth in the profession and how academic libraries collaborate with other disciplines and departments in their institutions. Each and every one provides a valuable and unique contribution to the practice of librarianship.
Stratospheric Intrusion‐Influenced Ozone Air Quality Exceedances Investigated in the NASA MERRA‐2 Reanalysis
Authors: Knowland K. E. , Ott L. E. , Duncan B. N. , Wargan K.
Published: September 2017

Stratospheric intrusions have been the interest of decades of research for their ability to bring stratospheric ozone (O3) into the troposphere with the potential to enhance surface O3 concentrations. However, these intrusions have been misrepresented in models and reanalyses until recently, as the features of a stratospheric intrusion are best identified in horizontal resolutions of 50 km or smaller. NASA's Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version‐2 (MERRA‐2) reanalysis is a publicly available high‐resolution data set (∼50 km) with assimilated O3 that characterizes O3 on the same spatiotemporal resolution as the meteorology. We demonstrate the science capabilities of the MERRA‐2 reanalysis when applied to the evaluation of stratospheric intrusions that impact surface air quality. This is demonstrated through a case study analysis of stratospheric intrusion‐influenced O3 exceedances in spring 2012 in Colorado, using a combination of observations, the MERRA‐2 reanalysis and Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 simulations.
An activity transition from NADH dehydrogenase to NADH oxidase during protein denaturation
Authors: Huston Scott , Collins John , Sun Fangfang , Zhang Ting , Vaden Timothy D. , Zhang Y.‐H. Percival , Fu Jinglin
Published: September 2017

A decrease in the specific activity of an enzyme is commonly observed when the enzyme is inappropriately handled or is stored over an extended period. Here, we reported a functional transition of an FMN‐bound diaphorase (FMN–DI) that happened during the long‐term storage process. It was found that FMN–DI did not simply lose its β‐nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (NADH) dehydrogenase activity after a long‐time storage, but obtained a new enzyme activity of NADH oxidase. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the alteration of the binding strength of an FMN cofactor with a DI protein could be responsible for this functional switch of the enzyme.
Improving properties of silk sericin membranes via enzymatic oxidation with laccase and TEMPO
Authors: Zhang Qian , Cui Li , Wang Ping , Deng Chao , Wang Qiang , Fan Xuerong
Published: September 2017

Silk sericin has excellent features of antioxidant ability and good cytocompatibility; however, high water solubility and poor mechanical properties have restricted its application in biomedical fields. In this study, aimed at improving the mechanical properties of a regenerated silk sericin, the primary hydroxy groups in silk sericin were enzymatically oxidized by using laccase and 2,2',6,6'‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO), and the generated reactive groups then reacted further with the amino groups in the sericin chains. The efficacy of the enzymatic cross‐linking was evaluated by means of determination of amino groups, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography. The results indicated that either laccase/TEMPO incubation or laccase treatment alone incurred a noticeable increase in the molecular weight of the sericin. FTIR analysis revealed that there was small change in the structure of the silk sericin after laccase/TEMPO treatment, and the obtained air‐dried sericin membrane exhibited remarkably improved mechanical properties relative to those of the uncross‐linked sericin membrane. In addition, the biocompatibility of the sericin membrane was at an acceptable level according to the cell viability of NIH/3T3 cells. The present work provides a novel method for the preparation of sericin‐based biomaterials.
Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanism of Bifunctional Triterpene/Sesquarterpene Cyclase: Tyr167 Functions To Terminate Cyclization of Squalene at the Bicyclic Step
Authors: Tenkovskaia Liudmila , Murakami Mizuki , Okuno Kotone , Ueda Daijiro , Sato Tsutomu
Published: September 2017

Onoceroids are a group of triterpenes biosynthesized from squalene or dioxidosqualene by cyclization from both termini. We previously identified a bifunctional triterpene/sesquarterpene cyclase (TC) that constructs a tetracyclic scaffold from tetraprenyl‐β‐curcumene (C35) but a bicyclic scaffold from squalene (C30) in the first reaction. TC also accepts the bicyclic intermediate as a substrate and generates tetracyclic and pentacyclic onoceroids in the second reaction. In this study, we analyzed the catalytic mechanism of an onoceroid synthase by using mutated enzymes. TCY167A produced an unnatural tricyclic triterpenol, but TCY167L, TCY167F, and TCY167W formed small quantities of tricyclic compounds, which suggested that the bulk size at Y167 contributed to termination of the cyclization of squalene at the bicyclic step. Our findings provide insight into the unique catalytic mechanism of TC, which triggers different cyclization modes depending on the substrate. These findings may facilitate the large‐scale production of an onoceroid for which natural sources are limited.
Learner Analytics and Student Success Interventions
Authors: Pistilli Matthew D.
Published: September 2017

The implementation of analytics in support of student success requires effective use of feedback and interventions, as well as a system by which the use of feedback and institutional supports can be tracked and evaluated.
Planet Earth and Humanity
Authors: Verstappen Herman
Published: September 2017

The earth, a futility in space, is the only home for all humans and, at present, the theatre of the globalization of our society. Humanity has always been wondering about the origin of our blue planet. This is rather irrelevant for everyday life however. What really matters is that all of us can live in harmony and diversity on ‘Mother Earth’ and preserve our environment for future generations. Our planet is inhabited by an amazing variety of living creatures, among which at present are 7 billion humans. This number has risen at an alarming rate for more than a century and will reach the 10 billion mark around the year 2100. But whether the earth resources can cope with the growing demands is most uncertain. What will be our common future? This global issue has been the focus of the Reports of the so-called Club of Rome,1 the Brundtland Report,2 etc, but the responses of society are as yet inadequate. Science and technology can now unravel the many subtle interrelations between geosphere, atmosphere and biosphere and monitor the worldwide growing impact of human activities on the environment.3 Earth observation from aerospace and geo-information systems have opened new vistas in this field. It is evident that there are limits to growth and that the present ‘rape of the earth’ should be stopped and a master plan for global sustainability be made. This plan should not be imposed top-down but be rooted in our free will and thus have a polycentric structure. The political agenda for globalization should not be a flywheel for economic growth but be oriented to the tripartite: sustainability–social balance–economic requirements. Can we make this happen?
Comparison of prognostic, clinical, and renal histopathological characteristics of overlapping idiopathic membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy versus idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Chen Yu , Shi Keqing , Lv Yinqiu , Tong Huan , Zhao Guangju , Chen Chaosheng , Chen Bo , Li Duo , Lu Zhongqiu
Published: September 2017

Overlapping idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is rare. This study aims to investigate the unique prognostic, clinical, and renal histopathological characteristics of IMN+IgAN. This retrospective observational study included 73 consecutive cases of IMN+IgAN and 425 cases of IMN treated between September 2006 and November 2015. Prognostic and baseline clinical and histopathological data were compared between the two patient groups. Poor prognostic events included a permanent 50% reduction in eGFR, end-stage renal disease, and all-cause mortality. Renal histopathology demonstrated that the patients with IMN+IgAN presented with significantly increased mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion, increased inflammatory cell infiltration, and higher proportions of arteriole hyalinosis and lesions than the patients with IMN (all P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the patients with IMN+IgAN had significantly higher cumulative incidence rates of partial or complete remission (PR or CR, P = 0.0085). Multivariate Cox model analysis revealed that old age at biopsy and high baseline serum creatinine and uric acid levels were significantly associated with poor prognosis (all P < 0.05), and increased IgA expression correlated significantly with PR or CR (P < 0.05). The present study found that overlapping IMN and IgAN presents with unique renal histopathology and appears not to cause a poorer prognosis than IMN.
Das Modell der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität nach Wilson und Cleary
Authors: Schöttker-Königer T. , Schäfer A.
Published: September 2017

Hintergrund: Messungen zur Evaluation physiotherapeutischer Interventionen sind ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der evidenzbasierten Physiotherapie. Der Fokus liegt dabei oft zu stark auf der strukturellen Ebene der biologischen Funktion. Dies widerspricht der Empfehlung, insbesondere komplexe Gesundheitsprobleme im Rahmen eines biopsychoökosozialen Modells zu analysieren. Zur Auswahl von Konstrukten für Ergebnismessungen, die über die strukturelle Ebene hinausgehende Dimensionen der Gesundheit abdecken können, bietet das Modell der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (Health-Related Quality of Life, HRQoL) von Wilson und Cleary 36 eine geeignete Grundlage.

Ziel: Dieser Artikel beschreibt das Konzept von Wilson & Cleary 36 und erläutert den Bezug zu den physiotherapeutischen Handlungsfeldern sowie dessen Bedeutung als Grundlage für die Auswahl von Endpunktmessungen.

Methode: Anhand eines Fallbeispiels wird die Anwendbarkeit des Modells dargestellt, um geeignete Konstrukte für Ergebnismessungen zu definieren und Hypothesen zu generieren. Damit werden Unterschiede zum ICF-Modell und Aspekte der konzeptionellen Merkmale von Ergebnismessungen verdeutlicht.

Schlussfolgerung: Für die Physiotherapie hat die Anwendung des Modells von Wilson & Cleary 36 ein hohes Potenzial, stärker die individuellen Ziele und das Gesundheitserleben der Patienten im Rahmen der physiotherapeutischen Intervention zu berücksichtigen.
Molekulare Pathogenese von Schilddrüsenknoten – Bedeutung für die klinische Versorgung
Authors: Musholt T. , Schmid K. W. , Führer D.
Published: September 2017

Schilddrüsenknoten stellen heterogene Tumore dar, mit unterschiedlichen molekularen Signaturen. Während benigne Schilddrüsenknoten poly- oder monoklonalen Tumoren entsprechen, sind Schilddrüsenkarzinome monoklonale und damit „echte“ Neoplasien. Ursächlich für die Neoplasien sind somatische Mutationen, welche zur konstitutiven Aktivierung spezifischer Signalkaskaden führen und den jeweiligen histologischen, teilweise auch den funktionellen Phänotyp des Schilddrüsentumors bestimmen. Eine Dedifferenzierung von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen geht mit dem Auftreten weiterer Mutationen in den Tumoren einher. Die Mutationslast der Schilddrüsenkarzinome korreliert mit deren biologischem Verhalten.

Im klinischen Alltag kann die Kenntnis der ursächlichen somatischen Mutation in der zytologischen Differenzialdiagnose helfen. In der prognostischen Einschätzung von Schilddrüsentumoren hat der Nachweis von klassischen Onkogenmutationen (BRAF, RAS) wenig Relevanz. Andere genetische Veränderungen, insbesondere TERT Promoter Mutationen, die mit zunehmender Häufigkeit in fortgeschrittenen SD-Karzinomen auftreten, haben wahrscheinlich eine prognostische Bedeutung. Von großer Relevanz ist die molekulare Signatur jedoch für die Entwicklung und Anwendung passgenauer „zielgerichteter“ Therapien bei fortgeschrittenen Karzinomen (radioiodrefraktäres DTC, PDTC und ATC, metastasiertes medulläres Karzinom). Hierfür gibt es aus klinischen Studien sowie Einzelfallberichten zunehmend Hinweise, die das Konzept der „Oncogen-Addiction“ als pathogenetisch relevanten Mechanismus der SD-Tumorigenese und Karzinogenese unterstreichen.
NbOx based oscillation neuron for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Gao Ligang , Chen Pai-Yu , Yu Shimeng
Published: September 2017

In a neuromorphic computing system, the complex CMOS neuron circuits have been the bottleneck for efficient implementation of weighted sum operation. The phenomenon of metal-insulator-transition (MIT) in strongly correlated oxides, such as NbO2, has shown the oscillation behavior in recent experiments. In this work, we propose using a MIT device to function as a compact oscillation neuron, achieving the same functionality as the CMOS neuron but occupying a much smaller area. Pt/NbOx/Pt devices are fabricated, exhibiting the threshold switching I-V hysteresis. When the NbOx device is connected with an external resistor (i.e., the synapse), the neuron membrane voltage starts a self-oscillation. We experimentally demonstrate that the oscillation frequency is proportional to the conductance of the synapse, showing its feasibility for integrating the weighted sum current. The switching speed measurement indicates that the oscillation frequency could achieve >33 MHz if parasitic capacitance can be eliminated.
Surface roughness dependence of the electrical resistivity of W(001) layers
Authors: Zheng P. Y. , Zhou T. , Engler B. J. , Chawla J. S. , Hull R. , Gall D.
Published: September 2017

The resistivity ρ of epitaxial W(001) layers grown on MgO(001) at 900 °C increases from 5.63 ± 0.05 to 27.6 ± 0.6 μΩ-cm with decreasing thickness d = 390 to 4.5 nm. This increase is due to electron-surface scattering but is less pronounced after in situ annealing at 1050 °C, leading to a 7%–13% lower ρ for d < 20 nm. The ρ(d) data from in situ and ex situ transport measurements at 295 and 77 K cannot be satisfactorily described using the existing Fuchs-Sondheimer (FS) model for surface scattering, as ρ for d < 9 nm is larger than the FS prediction and the annealing effects are inconsistent with a change in either the bulk mean free path or the surface scattering specularity. In contrast, introducing an additive resistivity term ρmound which accounts for surface roughness resolves both shortcomings. The new term is due to electron reflection at surface mounds and is, therefore, proportional to the ballistic resistance times the average surface roughness slope, divided by the layer thickness. This is confirmed by a measured linear relationship between ρmound and σ/(Ld), where the root-mean-square roughness σ and the lateral correlation length L of the surfaces are directly measured using atomic force microscopy and X-ray reflectivity.
A multichannel decision-level fusion method for T wave alternans detection
Authors: Ye Changrong , Zeng Xiaoping , Li Guojun , Shi Chenyuan , Jian Xin , Zhou Xichuan
Published: September 2017

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most prominent causes of death among patients with cardiac diseases. Since ventricular arrhythmia is the main cause of SCD and it can be predicted by T wave alternans (TWA), the detection of TWA in the body-surface electrocardiograph (ECG) plays an important role in the prevention of SCD. But due to the multi-source nature of TWA, the nonlinear propagation through thorax, and the effects of the strong noises, the information from different channels is uncertain and competitive with each other. As a result, the single-channel decision is one-sided while the multichannel decision is difficult to reach a consensus on. In this paper, a novel multichannel decision-level fusion method based on the Dezert-Smarandache Theory is proposed to address this issue. Due to the redistribution mechanism for highly competitive information, higher detection accuracy and robustness are achieved. It also shows promise to low-cost instruments and portable applications by reducing demands for the synchronous sampling. Experiments on the real records from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt diagnostic ECG database indicate that the performance of the proposed method improves by 12%–20% compared with the one-dimensional decision method based on the periodic component analysis.
Evolution of threading dislocations in GaN epitaxial laterally overgrown on GaN templates using self-organized graphene as a nano-mask
Authors: Xu Yu , Cao Bing , He Shunyu , Qi Lin , Li Zongyao , Cai Demin , Zhang Yumin , Ren Guoqiang , Wang Jianfeng , Wang Chinhua , Xu Ke
Published: September 2017

Growth of high-quality GaN within a limited thickness is still a challenge, which is important both in improving device performance and in reducing the cost. In this work, a self-organized graphene is investigated as a nano-mask for two-step GaN epitaxial lateral overgrowth (2S-ELOG) in hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Efficient improvement of crystal quality was revealed by x-ray diffraction. The microstructural properties, especially the evolution of threading dislocations (TDs), were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Stacking faults blocked the propagation of TDs, and fewer new TDs were subsequently generated by the coalescence of different orientational domains and lateral-overgrown GaN. This evolution mechanism of TDs was different from that of traditional ELOG technology or one-step ELOG (1S-ELOG) technology using a two-dimensional (2D) material as a mask.
Discrete BPS skyrmions
Authors: Agaoglou M. , Charalampidis E. G. , Ioannidou T. A. , Kevrekidis P. G.
Published: September 2017

A discrete analogue of the extended Bogomolny-Prasad-Sommerfeld (BPS) Skyrme model that admits time-dependent solutions is presented. Using the spacing h of adjacent lattice nodes as a parameter, we identify the spatial profile of the solution and the continuation of the relevant branch of solutions over the lattice spacing for different values of the potential (free) parameter α. In particular, we explore the dynamics and stability of the obtained solutions, finding that, while they generally seem to be prone to instabilities, for suitable values of the lattice spacing and for sufficiently large values of α, they may be long-lived in direct numerical simulations.
Differential invariants on symplectic spinors in contact projective geometry
Authors: Křižka Libor , Somberg Petr
Published: September 2017

We present a complete classification and the construction of Mp(2n+2,R)-equivariant differential operators acting on the principal series representations, associated with the contact projective geometry on RP2n+1 and induced from the irreducible Mp(2n,R)-submodules of the Segal–Shale–Weil representation twisted by a one-parameter family of characters. The proof is based on the classification of homomorphisms of generalized Verma modules for the Segal–Shale–Weil representation twisted by a one-parameter family of characters, together with a generalization of the well-known duality between homomorphisms of generalized Verma modules and equivariant differential operators in the category of inducing smooth admissible modules.