bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MultiSuSiE improves multi-ancestry fine-mapping in All of Us whole-genome sequencing data
Authors: Rossen Jordan , Shi Huwenbo , Strober Benjamin J , Zhang Martin Jinye , Kanai Masahiro , McCaw Zachary R. , Liang Liming , Weissbrod Omer , Price Alkes L.
Published: May 2024

Leveraging data from multiple ancestries can greatly improve fine-mapping power due to differences in linkage disequilibrium and allele frequencies. We propose MultiSuSiE, an extension of the sum of single effects model (SuSiE) to multiple ancestries that allows causal effect sizes to vary across ancestries based on a multivariate normal prior informed by empirical data. We evaluated MultiSuSiE via simulations and analyses of 14 quantitative traits leveraging whole-genome sequencing data in 47k African-ancestry and 94k European-ancestry individuals from All of Us. In simulations, MultiSuSiE applied to Afr47k+Eur47k was well-calibrated and attained higher power than SuSiE applied to Eur94k; interestingly, higher causal variant PIPs in Afr47k compared to Eur47k were entirely explained by differences in the extent of LD quantified by LD 4th moments. Compared to very recently proposed multi-ancestry fine-mapping methods, MultiSuSiE attained higher power and/or much lower computational costs, making the analysis of large-scale All of Us data feasible. In real trait analyses, MultiSuSiE applied to Afr47k+Eur94k identified 579 fine-mapped variants with PIP > 0.5, and MultiSuSiE applied to Afr47k+Eur47k identified 44% more fine-mapped variants with PIP > 0.5 than SuSiE applied to Eur94k. We validated MultiSuSiE results for real traits via functional enrichment of fine-mapped variants. We highlight several examples where MultiSuSiE implicates well-studied or biologically plausible fine-mapped variants that were not implicated by other methods.
H3K18 & H3K23 acetylation directs establishment of MLL-mediated H3K4 methylation
Authors: Fox Geoffrey C. , Poncha Karl F. , Smith B. Rutledge , van der Maas Lara N. , Robbins Nathaniel N. , Graham Bria , Dowen Jill M. , Strahl Brian D. , Young Nicolas L. , Jain Kanishk
Published: May 2024

In an unmodified state, positively charged histone N-terminal tails engage nucleosomal DNA in a manner which restricts access to not only the underlying DNA, but also key tail residues subject to binding and/or modification. Charge-neutralizing modifications, such as histone acetylation, serve to disrupt this DNA-tail interaction, facilitating access to such residues. We previously showed that a polyacetylation-mediated chromatin “switch” governs the read-write capability of H3K4me3 by the MLL1 methyltransferase complex. Here, we discern the relative contributions of site-specific acetylation states along the H3 tail and extend our interrogation to other chromatin modifiers. We show that the contributions of H3 tail acetylation to H3K4 methylation by MLL1 are highly variable, with H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation exhibiting robust stimulatory effects, and that this extends to the related H3K4 methyltransferase complex, MLL4. We show that H3K4me1 and H3K4me3 are found preferentially co-enriched with H3 N-terminal tail proteoforms bearing dual H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation (H3{K18acK23ac}). We further show that this effect is specific to H3K4 methylation, while methyltransferases targeting other H3 tail residues (H3K9, H3K27, & H3K36), a methyltransferase targeting the nucleosome core (H3K79), and a kinase targeting a residue directly adjacent to H3K4 (H3T3) are insensitive to tail acetylation. Together, these findings indicate a unique and robust stimulation of H3K4 methylation by H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation and provide key insight into why H3K4 methylation is often associated with histone acetylation in the context of active gene expression.
Using short-read 16S rRNA sequencing of multiple variable regions to generate high-quality results to a species level.
Authors: Graham Amy S , Patel Fadheela , Little Francesca , van der Kouwe Andre , Kaba Mamadou , Holmes Martha J
Published: May 2024

Introduction Short-read amplicon sequencing studies have typically focused on 1-2 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Species-level resolution is limited in these studies, as each variable region enables the characterisation of a different subsection of the microbiome. Although long-read sequencing techniques take advantage of all 9 variable regions by sequencing the entire 16S rRNA gene, they are substantially more expensive. This work assessed the feasibility of accurate species-level resolution and reproducibility using a relatively new sequencing kit and bioinformatics pipeline developed for short-read sequencing of multiple variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, we evaluated the potential impact of different sample collection methods on our outcomes. Methods Using xGenTM 16S Amplicon Panel v2 kits, sequencing of all 9 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene was carried out on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Mock cells and mock DNA for 8 bacterial species were included as extraction and sequencing controls respectively. Within-run and between-run replicate samples, and pairs of stool and rectal swabs collected at 0-5 weeks from the same participants, were incorporated. Observed relative abundances of each species were compared to theoretical abundances provided by ZymoBIOMICS. Paired Wilcoxon rank sum tests and distance-based intraclass correlation coefficients were used to statistically compare alpha and beta diversity measures, respectively, for pairs of replicates and stool/rectal swab sample pairs. Results Using multiple variable regions of the 16S ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (rRNA) gene, we found that we could accurately identify taxa to a species level and obtain highly reproducible results at a species level. Yet, the microbial profiles of stool and rectal swab sample pairs differed substantially despite being collected concurrently from the same infants. Conclusion This protocol provides an effective means for studying infant gut microbial samples at a species level. However, sample collection approaches need to be accounted for in any downstream analysis.
Enamel histomorphometry, growth patterns and developmental trajectories of the first deciduous molar in an Italian early medieval skeletal series
Authors: Magri Stefano , Higgins Owen Alexander , Lugli Federico , Silvestrini Sara , Vazzana Antonino , Bondioli Luca , Nava Alessia , Benazzi Stefano
Published: May 2024

Understanding the growth patterns and developmental trajectories of teeth during early life stages provides valuable insights into the ontogeny of individuals, particularly in archaeological populations where such information is scarce.

This study focuses on first deciduous molars, specifically investigating crown formation times and daily secretion rates, through histological analysis. A total of 34 teeth from the Early Medieval necropolises of Casalmoro and Guidizzolo (Mantua, Lombardy, northern Italy) were analysed assessing growth parameters and identifying possible differences between sites and between sexes, which are determined through proteomic analysis. Furthermore, a robust linear regression model relating prism length and secretion time was built to estimate growth rates also in teeth in which the finest incremental markings are not visible.

The daily secretion rates (DSR) in inner enamel showed a high homogeneity between dental arches, sexes and the two sites. Values fall within the known range reported in the literature for the same tooth class in archaeological populations. However, a difference in DSR was observed when compared with modern sample published values. Crown formation times and age at crown completion is different between dental arches, with maxillary first molars initiating their matrix apposition earlier than mandibular molars as formerly reported. However, no significant differences were highlighted in association with sex.

This study expands our understanding of the growth and development of first deciduous molars in a medieval population, providing valuable insights into growth trajectories specific to the dental arch. These findings highlight the need for extensive investigations using similar methodologies to attain more accurate and comprehensive information about the developmental patterns of first deciduous molars and underscore the potential use of proteomic analysis to explore deciduous teeth microstructure even in archaeological populations.
A direct neural signature of serial dependence in working memory
Authors: Fischer Cora , Kaiser Jochen , Bledowski Christoph
Published: May 2024

Serial dependence describes the phenomenon that current object representations are attracted to previously encoded and reported representations. While attractive biases have been observed reliably and across various modalities in behavioral reports, a direct neural correlate has not been established. Previous studies have either shown a reactivation of past information without observing a neural signal related to the bias of the current information, or a repulsive distortion of current neural representations contrasting the behavioral bias. The present study recorded neural signals with magnetoencephalography during a working memory task to identify neural correlates of serial dependence. Participants encoded and memorized two sequentially presented motion directions per trial, one of which was later retro-cued for report. Multivariate analyses provided reliable reconstructions of both motion directions. Importantly, the reconstructed directions in the current trial were attractively shifted towards the target direction of the previous trial. This neural bias mirrored the behavioral attractive bias, thus reflecting a direct neural signature of serial dependence. The use of a retro-cue task in combination with magnetoencephalography allowed us to determine that this neural bias emerged at later, post-encoding time points. This timing suggests that serial dependence in working memory affects memorized information during read-out and reactivation processes that happen after the initial encoding. Taken together, we identified a direct neural signature of serial dependence, which occurs during later processing stages of working memory representations.
Metabolic rewiring in fat-depletedDrosophilareveals triglyceride:glycogen crosstalk and identifies cDIP as a new regulator of energy metabolism
Authors: Ugrankar-Banerjee Rupali , Tran Son , Bowerman Jade , Paul Blessy , Zacharias Lauren G. , Mathews Thomas P. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Henne W Mike
Published: May 2024

Tissues store excess nutrients as triglyceride (TG) or glycogen, but how these reserves are sensed and communicate remains poorly understood. Here we identify molecular players orchestrating this metabolic balance, and uncover a signaling molecule that mediates energy homeostasis during fat depletion. We show tissue-specific depletion of fatty acyl-CoA synthase FASN1 in theDrosophilafat body (FB) causes near complete fat loss and metabolic remodeling that dramatically elevates carbohydrate metabolism, leading to a striking ∼20-fold increase in glycogen storage. Proteomics and metabolomics identify key factors necessary for rewiring including glycolysis enzymes and target-of-brain-insulin (tobi). FASN1-deficient flies are viable but starvation sensitive, oxidatively stressed, and infertile. We also identify CG10824/cDIP as upregulated in FASN1-depletedDrosophila. cDIP is a leucine-rich-repeat protein with homology to secreted adipokines that fine-tune energy signaling. We find FB-specific cDIP loss promotesDrosophilaadult obesity, and is required for development in the absence of FASN1-dependent lipid storage. Collectively, we show fat-depletedDrosophilarewire their metabolism to complete development, and identify cDIP as a putative new cytokine that signals fat insufficiency and may regulate energy homeostasis.
Spectinamide MBX-4888A exhibits favorable lesion and tissue distribution and promotes treatment shortening in advanced murine models of tuberculosis
Authors: Bauman Allison A. , Sarathy Jansy P. , Kaya Firat , Massoudi Lisa M. , Scherman Michael S. , Hastings Courtney , Liu Jiuyu , Xie Min , Brooks Elizabeth J. , Ramey Michelle E. , Jones Isabelle L. , Benedict Noalani D. , Maclaughlin Madelyn R. , Miller-Dawson Jake A. , Waidyarachchi Samanthi L. , Butler Michelle M. , Bowlin Terry L. , Zimmerman Matthew D. , Lenaerts Anne J. , Meibohm Bernd , Gonzalez-Juarrero Mercedes , Lyons Michael A. , Dartois Véronique , Lee Richard E. , Robertson Gregory T.
Published: May 2024

The spectinamides are novel, narrow-spectrum semisynthetic analogs of spectinomycin, modified to avoid intrinsic efflux byMycobacterium tuberculosis. Spectinamides, including lead MBX-4888A (Lee-1810), exhibit promising therapeutic profiles in mice, as single drugs and as partner agents with other anti-tuberculosis antibiotics including rifampin and/or pyrazinamide. To demonstrate that this translates to more effective cure, we first confirmed the role of rifampin, with or without pyrazinamide, as essential to achieve effective bactericidal responses and sterilizing cure in the current standard of care regimen in chronically infected C3HeB/FeJ mice compared to BALB/c mice. Thus, demonstrating added value in testing clinically relevant regimens in murine models of increasing pathologic complexity. Next we show that MBX-4888A, given by injection with the front-line standard of care regimen, is treatment shortening in multiple murine tuberculosis infection models. The positive treatment responses to MBX-4888A combination therapy in multiple mouse models including mice exhibiting advanced pulmonary disease can be attributed to favorable distribution in tissues and lesions, retention in caseum, along with favorable effects with rifampin and pyrazinamide under conditions achieved in necrotic lesions. This study also provides an additional data point regarding the safety and tolerability of spectinamide MBX-4888A in long-term murine efficacy studies.
Engineered reactivity of a bacterial E1-like enzyme enables ATP-driven modification of protein C termini
Authors: Frazier Clara L. , Deb Debashrito , Weeks Amy M.
Published: May 2024

In biological systems, ATP provides an energetic driving force for peptide bond formation, but protein chemists lack tools that emulate this strategy. Inspired by the eukaryotic ubiquitination cascade, we developed an ATP-driven platform for C-terminal activation and peptide ligation based onE. coliMccB, a bacterial ancestor of ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzymes that natively catalyzes C-terminal phosphoramidate bond formation. We show that MccB can act on non-native substrates to generate anO-AMPylated electrophile that can react with exogenous nucleophiles to form diverse C-terminal functional groups including thioesters, a versatile class of biological intermediates that have been exploited for protein semisynthesis. To direct this activity towards specific proteins of interest, we developed the Thioesterification C-terminal Handle (TeCH)-tag, a sequence that enables high-yield, ATP-driven protein bioconjugation via a thioester intermediate. By mining the natural diversity of the MccB family, we developed two additional MccB/TeCH-tag pairs that are mutually orthogonal to each other and to theE. colisystem, facilitating the synthesis of more complex bioconjugates. Our method mimics the chemical logic of peptide bond synthesis that is widespread in biology for high-yieldin vitromanipulation of protein structure with molecular precision.
Bacteria can anticipate the seasons: photoperiodism in cyanobacteria
Authors: Jabbur Maria Luísa , Johnson Carl Hirschie
Published: May 2024

Photoperiodic Time Measurement is the ability of plants and animals to measure differences in day/night-length (photoperiod) and use that information to anticipate critical seasonal transformations such as annual temperature cycles. This timekeeping phenomenon triggers adaptive responses in higher organisms such as gonadal growth/regression, flowering, and hibernation. Unexpectedly, we discovered this capability in cyanobacteria, unicellular prokaryotes with generation times of only 5-6 h. Cyanobacteria in short winter-like days develop enhanced resistance to cold that involves desaturation of membrane lipids and differential programs of gene transcription, including stress response pathways. As in eukaryotes, this photoperiodic timekeeping requires an intact circadian clockwork and develops over multiple cycles. Therefore, photoperiodic timekeeping evolved in much simpler organisms than previously appreciated, and involved genetic responses to stresses that recur seasonally.
Pulsed sounds caused by internal oxygen transport during photosynthesis in the seagrassHalophila ovalis
Authors: Mok Hin-Kiu , Chang Yen-Wei , Fine Michael L. , Soong Keryea , Chen Yu-Yun , Gilmore Richard G. , Chiu Linus Yong-Sheng , Hsu Shi-Lin , Chang Hai-Jin
Published: May 2024

Oxygen bubbles that leak from seagrass blades during photosynthesis have been hypothesized to cause cavitation sounds in aquatic plants. Here we investigate low-amplitude sounds with regular pulse rates produced during photosynthesis in seagrass beds ofHalophila ovalis(Qitou Bay, Penghu islands and Cigu Lagoon, Taiwan). Sound pulses appear in the morning when illumination exceeds 10,000 Lux, peak at midday and decrease in midafternoon on a sunny day. Frequencies peak between 1 to 4 kHz, durations range between ca. 1.8 to 4.8 ms, and sound pressure level 1 cm from the bed is 80.3±2.0 dB re 1μPa (1-3 kHz band, 11:00 on a cloudy day). Sounds attenuate rapidly, disappearing beyond 15 cm. Blocking sunlight or administering herbicide stops ongoing sounds. Gas bubbles are not typically seen during sound production ruling out cavitation, and external force (finger pressing or scissor cutting) applied to the substrate of seagrass patch or leaves, petioles, or rhizomes generally increases pulse rate. We suggest sound emission is caused by internal oxygen transport through pores in diaphragms (a whistle mechanism) at the leaf base and nodes of the rhizome.
Measuring Presynaptic Calcium Influx at theDrosophilaLarval Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Wang Tingting , Frank C. Andrew
Published: May 2024

Synaptic transmission plays a critical role in information processing and storage within the nervous system. The triggering of action potentials activates voltage-gated calcium channels at presynaptic active zones, facilitating the calcium-dependent release of synaptic vesicles. Homeostatic mechanisms are crucial in stabilizing synaptic function. At theDrosophilaneuromuscular junction, a compensatory increase in presynaptic neurotransmitter release occurs when postsynaptic glutamate receptor function is pharmacologically or genetically impaired, thereby stabilizing synaptic output. This adaptation is known as presynaptic homeostatic potentiation (PHP). Recent advancements, including confocal and super-resolution imaging techniques, have demonstrated an increase in presynaptic calcium influx during both the rapid induction and long-term maintenance of PHP. These observations indicate that the abundance and structural organization of presynaptic calcium channels, along with various active zone components, undergo modifications following the suppression of postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Such findings underscore the critical roles of trafficking and stabilization of presynaptic calcium channels and active zone proteins in homeostatic plasticity. This protocol describes using calcium indicators and confocal imaging methods to measure single-action potential-evoked presynaptic calcium influx during PHP.
Methods for Measuring Nutrient Uptake in Maize Using Nitrogen Stable Isotopes
Authors: Ishaya Findimila Dio , Rasmussen Amanda
Published: May 2024

Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and development, and understanding nutrient uptake is central to improving nitrogen use efficiency in crops, including maize. Reducing the need for fertilizer without reducing yield is extremely important, as nitrogen fertilizers come with a high environmental cost, in terms of both emissions from manufacturing and losses to waterways or volatilization off fields. Maize develops multiple different root types, including primary, seminal, crown, and brace roots. Part of improving efficiency in maize involves understanding the differences in nutrient uptake via each distinct root type, but these differences have been largely ignored to date. Here, we describe a protocol that uses stable isotopes for determining nitrogen uptake rates by maize root types. We describe the steps both for intact roots, for which we use rhizoboxes with openable front windows that allow access to the roots without disturbing the rest of the plant, and for field-grown plants, for which intact analysis is not feasible and requires excising the roots. The methods described here can also be modified to measure uptake kinetics and for monitoring nutrient translocation between roots and shoots. Advancing our understanding of root physiology and nutrient dynamics will improve breeding opportunities for efficient nutrient uptake varieties, reducing the need for fertilizer additions.
Magnetic moments and axial charges of the octet hidden-charm molecular pentaquark family
Authors: Li Hao-Song , Guo Fei , Lei Ya-Ding , Gao Feng
Published: May 2024

In this work, we calculate the magnetic moment and axial charge of the octet hidden-charm molecular pentaquark family in quark model. The Coleman-Glashow sum rule for the magnetic moments of pentaquark family is always fulfilled independently of SU(3) symmetry breaking. In the 82f flavor representation, the magnetic moments of hidden-charm molecular pentaquark states with spin configuration JP=12−(12+⊗0−) are all equal to μc=0.38μN. The axial charges of octet hidden-charm molecular pentaquark states are quite small compared to the axial charge of nucleon. The axial charges of the pentaquark states with the spin configuration JP=12−(12+⊗0−) in 82f flavor representation are all zero.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Comparative analysis of folding and unfolding dynamics and free-energy landscapes in homologous cold shock proteins with variable thermal stabilities
Authors: Xue Zhenyong , Sun Hao , Hong Haiyan , Zhang Zhuwei , Zhang Yuhang , Guo Zilong , Le Shimin , Chen Hu
Published: May 2024

Cold shock proteins from the mesophilic organism (BsCSP), the thermophilic organism (BcCSP), and the hyperthermophilic organism (TmCSP) are homologous proteins with similar native structure but quite different thermal stabilities, which makes them promising candidates for investigating the general and specific aspects the folding and unfolding dynamics of proteins and free-energy landscapes. In this study, we employed magnetic tweezers to explore the force-dependent folding and unfolding rates of BsCSP, BcCSP, and TmCSP at forces from several pN to tens of pN. Our results indicate similar force-dependent folding rates for these three proteins, while the unfolding rate of BsCSP, BcCSP, and TmCSP decreases sequentially, consistent with previous biochemical findings. Comparing with TmCSP, BcCSP shows lower but sufficient stability with folding free energy of 8.0 kBT, and its force-dependent unfolding rates exhibit tremendous nonlinear behavior deviated from Bell's model like TmCSP. BsCSP has very low stability with folding free energy of only 3.9 kBT, and its force-dependent unfolding rates at 3–10 pN exhibit almost linear behavior. Comprehensive free-energy landscapes are constructed, revealing common barriers that governs folding and unfolding dynamics for BcCSP and TmCSP but a wide merged barrier for BsCSP. Our findings provide valuable insights into the folding and unfolding mechanisms of these CSPs, shedding light on the relationship between protein structure, stability, and mechanical properties.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Formation of extended polyiodides at large cation templates
Authors: Blake Alexander J. , Castellano Carlo , Lippolis Vito , Podda Enrico , Schröder Martin
Published: May 2024

By studying the structures of (μ-1,4,10,13-tetrathia-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane)bis[iodidopalladium(II)] diiodide penta(diiodine), [Pd2I2(C12H26N2S4)](I)2·5I2 or [Pd2I2([18]aneN2S4)](I)2·(I2)5, and 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazoniabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane triiodide iodide hemipenta(diiodine) dichloromethane monosolvate, C18H38N2O6
2+·I3
−·I−·2.5I2·CH2Cl2 or [H2([2.2.2]cryptand)](I3)(I)(I2)2.5·CH2Cl2, we confirm the structural variety of extended polyiodides achievable upon changing the shape, charge and dimensions of the cation template, by altering the synthetic strategy adopted and/or the experimental conditions. Although it is still often difficult to characterize discrete [I2m+n
]
n− polyiodides higher than I3
− on the basis of structural parameters, such as I—I bond distances, FT–Raman spectroscopy appears to identify them as aggregates of I2, I− and (symmetric or slightly asymmetric) I3
− building blocks linked by I...I interactions of varying strengths. However, because FT–Raman spectroscopy carries no information about the topological features of extended polyiodides, the two techniques should therefore be applied in combination to enhance the analysis of this kind of compounds.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface of a pentaaminecopper(II) complex with urea and chloride
Authors: Breen Olivia D. , Keene Tony D.
Published: May 2024

The reaction of copper(II) oxalate and hexamethylenetetramine in a deep eutectic solvent made of urea and choline chloride produced crystals of pentaaminecopper(II) dichloride–urea (1/1), [Cu(NH3)5]Cl2·CO(NH2)2, which was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex contains discrete pentaaminecopper(II) units in a square-based pyramidal geometry. The overall structure of the multi-component crystal is dictated by hydrogen bonding between urea molecules and amine H atoms with chloride anions.
Be a boundaryless good guy! How job embeddedness mediates and organizational identification moderates the associations of boundaryless career attitude with extra-role behaviours
Authors: Lo Presti Alessandro , De Rosa Assunta , Kundi Yasir Mansoor , Mamcarz Piotr , Wołońciej Mariusz
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the mediating role of job embeddedness and the moderating role of organizational identification on the relationships between boundaryless career attitude and extra-role behaviours (i.e. organizational citizenship behaviours and counterproductive work behaviours).

Design/methodology/approach

A two-wave study was carried out on 296 employees from public and private organizations in Italy. Boundaryless career attitude, organizational identification and demographics were measured at Time 1. Four months later (Time 2), job embeddedness, organizational citizenship behaviours and counterproductive work behaviours were assessed. Responses were analysed by means of multigroup structural equation modelling.

Findings

Job embeddedness mediated the positive relationship between boundaryless career attitude and counterproductive work behaviours, as well as its negative association with organizational citizenship behaviours; organizational identification buffered this latter indirect effect.

Practical implications

Organizations can promote stronger organizational identification and job embeddedness to retain boundaryless-oriented talent and foster positive extra-role behaviours.

Originality/value

This study integrated the protean/boundaryless careers literature with organizational behaviour theories to examine contextual factors influencing the effects of these contemporary career attitudes.
Factors affecting succession planning in Sub-Saharan African family-owned businesses: a scoping review
Authors: Owusu-Acheampong Eugene , Arkaifie Samuel Jabez , Afriyie Emelia Ohene , Azu Theodora Dedo
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This scoping review investigates the factors influencing succession planning in Sub-Saharan African family-owned businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework, a systematic approach was followed. Major databases (JSTOR, Sage Journals, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched and supplemented by reference list reviews. Inclusivity was ensured through collaboration with an academic librarian. Inclusion criteria covered literature from 2010 to 2023, focussing on Sub-Saharan African studies related to family-owned business succession planning.

Findings

The study emphasises the need for gender inclusiveness, resource management and family dynamics in family-owned business succession planning in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study also aligns with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), emphasiing gender inclusivity and environmental responsibility. However, the unique context of Sub-Saharan Africa introduces additional complexities, necessitating tailored strategies for business sustainability.

Practical implications

The study emphasises the importance of skill development, leadership development, open governance and open family relationships in succession planning in Sub-Saharan African family-owned firms. It suggests policies supporting education, mentorship, knowledge-sharing networks, strategic resource management, financial management, human capital development and sustainable business practices to address succession concerns and contribute to societal advancement.

Originality/value

The distinct socio-economic, cultural and political backdrop of Sub-Saharan Africa is highlighted in this study, with a focus on the necessity of customised succession planning frameworks because of post-colonial governance systems, tribal affiliations and colonial legacies.
Motivations fluidity: the effect of cultural factors on the formation of grocery shopping motivations
Authors: Bakhshi Milad , Heidarzadeh Hanzaee Kambiz , Amirshahi Mirahmad
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Shopping motivations are considered the primary stimuli for shoppers in the prepurchase stage of the customer journey. This study contributes to the understanding of how cultural factors affect shopping motivation. This study aims to understand the effect of cultural factors on shopping motivations in Eastern culture with Islam religion.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on the approach of phenomenology, and multiple methods were performed to interpret the phenomenon of shopping motivations. To this aim, 16 observations and 18 in-depth interviews were performed for data collection, and after that, data interpretation was done.

Findings

In this study, the motivations fall into product-related and hedonic motivations which are related to shopper psychology, while environmental motivations are culturally dependent. The influence of cultural factors on the individual concept of shopping motivations was identified in this study. Nine subthemes including product selection, product quality, functional, in-store service, convenience, store environment, value shopping, self-gratifications and role-playing were identified in the categories of product-related, environmental and hedonic motivations.

Practical implications

In non-Western countries, the store environment profoundly influences shoppers’ experience. This study clearly illustrates relationships between theory and practice in grocery shopping motivations in a non-Western context. Retailers who are active in eastern Islamic countries should pay attention to the fact that cultural and contextual factors play a significant impact on the shopping motivation and behavior of these shoppers.

Originality/value

In this study, shopping motivations are not fixed in different societies, and cultural and contextual factors play a significant impact in this regard. In other words, shopping motivations are fluid, and cultural factors play a significant role in their formation. This study makes two important contributions: First, cultural motivations are prominent among Muslim shoppers. Among these motivations, shopping environment motivations, including relationships with others and cleanliness, and staff behavior are very significant. These motivations are highly influenced by the culture of the context and we discover which motivations are not related to psychology alone and that the context has a significant influence on their formation. Second, hedonic motivations are also highlighted in the purchase of utilitarian products. In addition to direct effects, such as Islamic regulations on halal foods, Muslims’ religious tenets also have significant indirect effects on their behaviors and motivations.
Tensions rooted in the dual commitment of social enterprises operating in a less developed region of Hungary
Authors: Tóth Janka , Repisky Máté , Málovics György
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The aim of this paper is twofold. The main objective is to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the tensions that characterize social enterprises because of their dual (economic and social) commitments in a Hungarian context.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was exploratory, as no structured inquiry has been carried out in a Hungarian context concerning the sources of tension social enterprises encounter because of their dual commitments. Therefore, a qualitative approach was chosen to achieve the exploratory goal. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with one expert and nine social entrepreneurs to map and understand these tensions in a Hungarian context.

Findings

The research provides a comprehensive three-level model of tensions in which concrete (observable) tensions are grouped into 4 main groups of tensions and 15 subgroups.

Originality/value

This study is original in two ways. First, besides the numerous tensions other researchers have already observed, this study revealed some that have not been empirically observed. Second, being the first research on tensions in a Hungarian context, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the results increase understanding of social entrepreneurship in a Hungarian context based on the lived experiences of Hungarian social entrepreneurs.
REWILDING BANGKOK: Critical Zones and the Cosmoecology of Parks and Protests
Authors: Jensen Casper Bruun , Sangkhamanee Jakkrit
Published: May 2024

Bangkok is a tropical metropolis subject to many human and nonhuman transformations. While Covid‐19 raged, the city's mix of precarity and oppression gave rise to a youth protest movement that opposed the junta government and sought to intervene in Thai politics‐as‐usual. At the same time, a rewilding experiment aimed at undoing environmental damage quietly was unfolding in Benjakitti Urban Forest Park. We draw on science and technology studies (STS), anthropology and urban theory to elicit the events of both park and protests as ongoing experiments in rewilding Bangkok on more‐than‐human terrain. Both involve overlapping critical zones, where encounters between many beings and practices of worlding shape an uncommons and create problems of coexistence. Such problems call for cosmoecological diplomacy, understood as the art of giving collective shape to a more‐than‐human cosmos yet to arrive.
Exploring normative frameworks of fairness through (relational) institutional habitus in Oxford's undergraduate admissions process
Authors: Penn Ed
Published: May 2024

In the UK's stratified HE system the question of who is able to access the most selective and prestigious universities is fraught with issues of fairness. This paper explores how decision‐makers in Oxford's undergraduate admissions process construct norms of fairness and how such norms inform their reflexive considerations and actions around admissions decisions. Framing such norms as multiple institutional habituses, the paper considers how decision‐makers compromise and negotiate between institutional habituses in tension. Further, it presents an augmented conception of institutional habitus – the relational institutional habitus – which offers a conceptual tool to make sense of the existence of multiple contested institutional norms and their partial and fragile reconciliation in institutional action.
Dyslexia concealment in higher education: Exploring students' disclosure decisions in the face of UK universities' approach to dyslexia
Authors: Hamilton Clark Charlotte H.
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the lived experience of university students with dyslexia, focusing on identity and self‐esteem. The qualitative study used semi‐structured interviews with five students with dyslexia and discussions with learning support tutors at four UK universities. Thematic analysis of the interview data revealed the impact of dyslexia's stigma on students' academic self‐concept and self‐efficacy in their studies, including how students manage stigma through decisions on when and with whom to declare dyslexia: some even rejected study support. Concealing dyslexia led to identity conflict and low self‐esteem, compounding students' already low academic self‐concept, particularly when dyslexia had been unrecognised through school. The study highlights significant academic, practical and identity consequences for students who hide dyslexia from their peers, subject lecturers or study support. The conclusions outline priorities to lessen dyslexia's stigma at university, increase student agency in their support and open dialogue on dyslexia, particularly important between students with dyslexia and subject lecturers. By exploring dyslexia's identity impacts and disclosure, this paper contributes to wider conversations on increasing the representation, achievement and retention of students with dyslexia.
Age‐related dysregulation of the retinal transcriptome in African turquoise killifish
Authors: Bergmans Steven , Noel Nicole C. L. , Masin Luca , Harding Ellen G. , Krzywańska Aleksandra M. , De Schutter Julie D. , Ayana Rajagopal , Hu Chi‐Kuo , Arckens Lut , Ruzycki Philip A. , MacDonald Ryan B. , Clark Brian S. , Moons Lieve
Published: May 2024

Age‐related vision loss caused by retinal neurodegenerative pathologies is becoming more prevalent in our ageing society. To understand the physiological and molecular impact of ageing on retinal homeostasis, we used the short‐lived African turquoise killifish, a model known to naturally develop central nervous system (CNS) ageing hallmarks and vision loss. Bulk and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNAseq) of three age groups (6‐, 12‐, and 18‐week‐old) identified transcriptional ageing fingerprints in the killifish retina, unveiling pathways also identified in the aged brain, including oxidative stress, gliosis, and inflammageing. These findings were comparable to observations in the ageing mouse retina. Additionally, transcriptional changes in genes related to retinal diseases, such as glaucoma and age‐related macular degeneration, were observed. The cellular heterogeneity in the killifish retina was characterized, confirming the presence of all typical vertebrate retinal cell types. Data integration from age‐matched samples between the bulk and scRNAseq experiments revealed a loss of cellular specificity in gene expression upon ageing, suggesting potential disruption in transcriptional homeostasis. Differential expression analysis within the identified cell types highlighted the role of glial/immune cells as important stress regulators during ageing. Our work emphasizes the value of the fast‐ageing killifish in elucidating molecular signatures in age‐associated retinal disease and vision decline. This study contributes to the understanding of how age‐related changes in molecular pathways may impact CNS health, providing insights that may inform future therapeutic strategies for age‐related pathologies.
Histology, histochemistry and fine structure of the lacrimal gland in the one‐humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Roshdy Karam , Massoud Diaa , Al‐Otaibi Aljohara M. , Abumandour Mohamed M. A.
Published: May 2024

Our research aimed to provide complete histological, histochemical and ultrastructural features of the lacrimal gland of the one‐humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) as well as novel insights into its adaptability to the Egyptian desert. Our study was applied to 20 fresh lacrimal glands collected from 10 camels instantly after their slaughtering. The results revealed that the gland was a compound tubulo‐acinar gland, and its acini were enclosed by a thick connective tissue capsule that was very rich in elastic and collagen fibres. The gland acini had irregular lumens and were composed of conical to pyramidal cells. The nuclei of secretory cells were found in the basal part, and the cytoplasm was eosinophilic and granular. The glandular tissue consisted of serous and mucous acini and seromucous secretory cells. Histochemically, there was a significant amount of neutral mucopolysaccharides in the acini in which mucous cells had a significant periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐positive reaction, whereas seromucous cells had a mild PAS‐positive reaction. Ultrastructurally, the lacrimal cells had numerous secretory vesicles with contents of moderately to highly electron‐dense cytoplasm. The nuclear envelope consisted of two prominent membranes surrounding the peri‐nuclear cisterna. The acinar cells had numerous electron‐lucent and moderately electron‐dense secretory granules, mainly situated on the apical surface, and secreted their contents into the lumen. The luminal surface of the mucous secretory cells represents the remains of secretory granules discharged by the merocrine mechanism. In conclusion, the mucous secretion is believed to aid in the washing and moistening of the eyeball, particularly in dry, hot and dusty environments.
‘It helps you forget your worries’: A pilot study exploring music therapy in the acute hospital aged care setting
Authors: Vadali Neeraja , Ní Chróinín Danielle , Short Alison
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Few studies have explored music therapy (MT) in an acute aged care inpatient setting. We aimed to assess feasibility and patient/staff perceptions of an 8‐week MT program on an acute geriatric ward.

Methods

An 8‐week in‐person MT program, comprising brief receptive musical interventions up to twice‐weekly. All patients admitted to the aged care ward were eligible for inclusion. A hard copy survey was used to assess patient and staff perceptions of MT. Themes raised in free‐text responses were manually coded within a thematic analysis approach. A mixed methods approach was used to obtain and analyse data relating to feasibility and patient and staff perceptions of the MT intervention.

Results

The 8‐week program ran to completion and was delivered to a median of 11 patients (IQR 9–12) each session (median 8 new/day). In total, 10 patients completed surveys, mean age 81.1 (SD 7.7); 60% were women and all had cognitive impairment. Following an MT session, eight of eight responding patients reported feeling happy and eight of eight reported they would recommend MT. Staff respondents (n = 19) reported patients appeared happy (19/19), relaxed (13/19) and all would recommend MT to other patients. Common themes were that MT was followed by improved patient behaviour and mood, and stimulated patients.

Conclusions

An acute aged care inpatient MT program proves feasible and well‐received by staff and patients. Future research may focus on more robust data collection in larger sample sizes, specific types of MT and more in‐depth exploration of the patient and carer experiences.
Factors associated with keratoconus in Israel—A cross‐sectional population‐based study
Authors: Ben‐Shaul Or , Segal Adi , Schwartz Sharon , Stein Nili , Hyams Michael , Saliba Walid , Mimouni Michael
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To identify potential factors associated with keratoconus.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included data from Israel's largest healthcare provider for the years 2005–2020. Keratoconus patients and age‐matched controls were identified. Demographic factors and comorbid conditions, including smoking, diabetes mellitus, asthma, myalgia, mental retardation, Down syndrome, atopic dermatitis and allergy/allergic rhinitis, were compared between the two cohorts. The independent risk factors associated with keratoconus were determined using a multivariable conditional logistic regression model.

Results

Overall, 145 508 subjects were reviewed of which 13 228 were keratoconus patients. A ten‐fold group (n = 132 280) of age‐matched control subjects served as controls for comparisons. In multivariable analysis, several factors were found to be significantly associated with keratoconus. Male gender (OR = 1.27, p < 0.001), Arab ethnicity (OR = 1.50, p < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.19, p < 0.001), asthma (OR = 1.50, p < 0.001), myalgia (OR = 1.09, p = 0.02), mental retardation (OR = 2.63, p < 0.001), atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.35, p < 0.001) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.21, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with keratoconus. Smoking was significantly protective of keratoconus (OR = 0.66, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This population‐based study reports male gender, Arab ethnicity, diabetes, asthma, myalgia, mental retardation/Down syndrome, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis as factors associated with keratoconus while smoking demonstrates a protective effect. The results of this study could guide enhanced screening strategies and early interventions, particularly for high‐risk groups.
Mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle contributes to reproductive endothermy in tegu lizards (Salvator merianae)
Authors: Hervas Livia Saccani , do Amaral‐Silva Lara , Sartori Marina Rincon , Guadalupe‐Silva Ane , Gargaglioni Luciane H. , Lerchner Johannes , Oliveira Marcos Túlio , Bícego Kênia Cardoso
Published: May 2024

Aim

In cyclic climate variations, including seasonal changes, many animals regulate their energy demands to overcome critical transitory moments, restricting their high‐demand activities to phases of resource abundance, enabling rapid growth and reproduction. Tegu lizards (Salvator merianae) are ectotherms with a robust annual cycle, being active during summer, hibernating during winter, and presenting a remarkable endothermy during reproduction in spring. Here, we evaluated whether changes in mitochondrial respiratory physiology in skeletal muscle could serve as a mechanism for the increased thermogenesis observed during the tegu's reproductive endothermy.

Methods

We performed high‐resolution respirometry and calorimetry in permeabilized red and white muscle fibers, sampled during summer (activity) and spring (high activity and reproduction), in association with citrate synthase measurements.

Results

During spring, the muscle fibers exhibited increased oxidative phosphorylation. They also enhanced uncoupled respiration and heat production via adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), but not via uncoupling proteins (UCP). Citrate synthase activity was higher during the spring, suggesting greater mitochondrial density compared to the summer. These findings were consistent across both sexes and muscle types (red and white).

Conclusion

The current results highlight potential cellular thermogenic mechanisms in an ectothermic reptile that contribute to transient endothermy. Our study indicates that the unique feature of transitioning to endothermy through nonshivering thermogenesis during the reproductive phase may be facilitated by higher mitochondrial density, function, and uncoupling within the skeletal muscle. This knowledge contributes significant elements to the broader picture of models for the evolution of endothermy, particularly in relation to the enhancement of aerobic capacity.