bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutational hotspots lead to robust but suboptimal adaptive outcomes in certain environments
Authors: Flanagan Louise M. , Horton James S. , Taylor Tiffany B.
Published: October 2023

The observed mutational spectrum of adaptive outcomes can be constrained by many factors. For example, mutational biases can narrow the observed spectrum by increasing the rate of mutation at isolated sites in the genome. In contrast, complex environments can shift the observed spectrum by defining fitness consequences of mutational routes. We investigate the impact of different nutrient environments on the evolution of motility in

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Pf0-2x (an engineered non-motile derivative of Pf0-1) in the presence and absence of a strong mutational hotspot. Previous work has shown that this mutational hotspot can be built and broken via six silent mutations, which provide rapid access to a mutation that rescues swimming motility and confers the strongest swimming phenotype in specific environments. Here, we evolved a hotspot and non-hotspot variant strain of Pf0-2x for motility under nutrient-rich (LB) and nutrient-limiting (M9) environmental conditions. We observed the hotspot strain consistently evolved faster across all environmental conditions and its mutational spectrum was robust to environmental differences. However, the non-hotspot strain had a distinct mutational spectrum that changed depending on the nutrient environment. Interestingly, while alternative adaptive mutations in nutrient-rich environments were equal to, or less effective than, the hotspot mutation, the majority of these mutations in nutrient-limited conditions produced superior swimmers. Our competition experiments mirrored these findings, underscoring the role of environment in defining both the mutational spectrum and the associated phenotype strength. This indicates that while mutational hotspots working in concert with natural selection can speed up access to robust adaptive mutations (which can provide a competitive advantage in evolving populations), they can limit exploration of the mutational landscape, restricting access to potentially stronger phenotypes in specific environments.
Transcriptional signatures associated with waterlogging stress responses and aerenchyma formation in barley root tissue
Authors: Sherwood Orla L. , Burke Rory , O’Rourke Jennifer , Whelan Conor V. , Downey Frances , Ryan Louise , McCabe Eoin F. , Huang Zixia , Ng Carl K. Y. , McCabe Paul F. , Kacprzyk Joanna
Published: October 2023

The negative impact of soil waterlogging on crop production is expected to increase due higher frequencies of extreme rainfall events arising from climate change. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms that enable plants to mitigate waterlogging stress is critical for breeding programmes, particularly in the case of waterlogging-susceptible crop species, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare). Aerenchyma formation is a key morphological adaptation allowing plants to cope with waterlogging stress and hypoxic conditions, however, the genetic regulation of its development in barley remains largely unresolved. In this study, two barley cultivars with contrasting waterlogging tolerance (Franklin and Yerong) were subjected to waterlogging stress, followed by analysis of phenotypic traits including root aerenchyma formation, and transcriptomic profiling of root tissue samples. Differential expression analyses identified genes transcriptionally responsive to 24 and 72 h of waterlogging in both cultivars, and highlighted metabolic adaptations, regulation of ROS signalling and management of stress responses as key elements of the waterlogging response. The results revealed large intra-individual variations in root aerenchyma formation, and these variations were exploited to isolate 81 candidate aerenchyma-associated genes from the generated RNA-seq datasets. Network analyses suggest the involvement of the DNA damage response gene,DRT100and cell wall modifying genes,XHT16andXHT15as regulatory hub genes in aerenchyma formation. Collectively, the generated data provide insights into transcriptional signatures associated with the barley root responses to waterlogging and aerenchyma formation, informing our understanding of strategies that plants employ to cope with the negative impacts of heavy rainfall.
In silicoapproaches to identify the role of lncRNAs in Prostate cancer and Androgen receptor-targeted proteins
Authors: Khilwani Barkha , Kour Bhumandeep , Shukla Nidhi , R Bhargavi , Vure Sugunakar , Ansari Abdul S. , Lohiya Nirmal K. , Suravajhala Renuka , Suravajhala Prashanth
Published: October 2023

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are known to have a role in pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of malignancies.These are found to have a significant role as signal transduction mediators in cancer signaling pathways. Prostate Cancer (PCa) is emerging with increasing cases worldwide even as advanced approaches in clinical diagnosis and treatment of PCa are still challenging to address. To enhance patient stratification, there is an indefatigable need to understand risk that can allow new approaches of treatment based on prognosis. While PCa is known to have mediated androgen receptor (AR) stimulation, the latter plays a key role in regulating transcription of genes via nuclear translocation which in turn leads to response to androgens. LncRNAs have been implicated in developing clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in a broad spectrum of cancers. In our present study, 12 lncRNAs identified from clinical samples from our erstwhile PCa patients were docked with PCa and AR targeted 36 proteins. We identified three lncRNAs,viz. SCARNA10, NPBWR1, ANKRD20A9P are common between the targeted proteins and discern that SCARNA10 lncRNA could serve as a prognostic signature for PCa and AR biogenesis. We also sought to check the coding potential of interfacial residues associated with lncRNA docking sites.x
Mutualistic network architecture and eco-evolutionary feedbacks modulate the occurrence of transitions and stability in response to rising temperature
Authors: Baruah Gaurav , Lakämper Tim
Published: October 2023

1. Ecological networks comprising of mutualistic interactions can suddenly transition to undesirable states, such as collapse, due to small changes in environmental conditions such as a rise in local environmental temperature.

2. However, little is known about the capacity of such interaction networks to adapt to changing temperatures and thereby impact the occurrence of critical transitions.

3. Here, combining quantitative genetics and mutualistic dynamics in an eco-evolutionary framework, we evaluate the resilience of mutualistic networks to critical transitions as environmental temperature increases. Specifically, we model the dynamics of a phenological optimum trait that determines the tolerance to local environmental temperature as well as temperature-dependent species interaction and evaluate the impact of trait variation and evolutionary dynamics in the occurrence of tipping points and community collapses.

4. We found that mutualistic network architecture, i.e., community size and the arrangement of species interactions, interacted with evolutionary dynamics to impact the onset of network collapses. In addition, some networks had more capacity to track the rise in temperatures than others and thereby delay the occurrence of threshold temperatures at which the networks collapsed.

5. However, such a result was modulated by the amount of heritable trait variation species exhibited, with high trait variation in the mean optimum trait value delaying the environmental temperature at which the network collapses.

6. Our study argues that mutualistic network architecture modulates the capacity of networks to adapt to changes in temperature and thereby impact the occurrence of community collapses.
How to mobilize owner-dynamic capabilities in megaprojects? A tripartite evolutionary game approach
Authors: Tian Zidan , He Qinghua , Wang Ting
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Currently, many studies have shown an increasing interest in owner-dynamic capabilities (ODCs). Existing studies mainly focus on the dynamic capability basis and capability development within the owner organization, whereas they rarely analyze the capability mobilization within the network of participants in megaprojects. Therefore, this study aims to explain the interaction and evolution of the mobilization strategies of ODCs and the cooperative strategies of other participants.

Design/methodology/approach

This study develops a tripartite evolutionary game model to analyze the evolutionarily stable strategy of the owner, the reciprocal participants and the general participants. Results are numerically simulated with a validation case. The asymptotic stability of multiple group strategies is discussed under the replicator dynamic system.

Findings

This study suggests that resource complementarity significantly reduces the difficulty of mobilization. Moreover, these strategies are only effective with sufficient ODCs. The results indicate that reciprocal participants are more sensitive to the change in resource complementarity.

Originality/value

This study provides strategic guidance for mobilizing ODCs in megaprojects to better embrace uncertainty and stress, contributing to the dynamic capability literature with an evolutionary game approach. And new insight for the study of reciprocity preference in megaprojects is also provided.
Emad Elsewedy, Crisis Management Through the Lens of a Leader
Authors: Apaydin Marina , Fayed Malak , Eshak Maha
Published: October 2023

Learning outcomes

This case study covers different concepts related to leadership. It should help students analyze business situations from a leader’s perspective. By the end of this case study, students would be able to understand the role and the characteristics of leadership during a crisis using the 11 dimensions of character framework, map leadership personalities using the HEXACO model to understand the effectiveness of certain traits in crisis management and apply theories of change management using the Satir and Switch models, in addition to Kotter’s theory of change.

Case overview/synopsis

Elsewedy Electrometer Group (EMG) was owned and operated by Emad Zaki Elsewedy as the sole founder and chief executive officer (CEO). EMG was a leading company in the meters industry in Egypt. The time span of this case study covered the period from November 2011, when Elsewedy’s health was deteriorating, to his early retirement in September 2012, and his comeback, two years later, in September 2014. In November 2011, against the backdrop of Elsewedy’s deteriorating health and subsequent early retirement in September 2012, EMG faced several challenges in achieving its vision that hindered its business growth. These arose after Youssef Salah, the former export director of EMG, was appointed as the company CEO. In Elsewedy’s absence, EMG faced liquidity problems, as the banks demanded that it repay all its debts. At the same time, the business suffered severe losses owing to its inefficient operations. Elsewedy decided to return to EMG in September 2014 to find a solution and help the business recover to ensure its continuity and sustainability. After taking a holistic view of the crisis at hand, he was faced with a dilemma and several questions: Was the company leadership effective? Would a change in leadership be required? How could he lead effective change in light of the current crisis? How could he ensure that EMG did not end up in a similar predicament in the future? This case was designed to teach leadership in crisis and change management in the metering industry.

Complexity academic level

This case study is intended for graduate and undergraduate students studying a leadership or management course. It can help students comprehend the challenges that arise when a large business undergoes a management transition during a crisis. The case study also considers how leaders are shaped by crises. This case study can be considered as level 1 on a 1–3 scale, as the full description of the situation is given in the case study and the task of the students is to analyze the leader and his decisions using various academic concepts and theories (Erskin et al., 2003).

Supplementary material

Teaching notes are available for educators only

Subject code

CSS 7: Management science
Fostering perceived wealth among SMEs through green business: unveiling the mediating influence of consumers' green attitude
Authors: Mittal Amit , Raheja Kumendra , Raut Rajesh , Deshpande Amruta
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This research aims to determine the impact of green business (GB) on the perceived wealth of small and medium-scale enterprises (PWSMEs). The study also analyses the mediating role of a green attitude in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire based on a comprehensive literature study was used to develop a scale for measuring GB parameters. A survey involving 400 small and medium enterprise (SME) owners and managers across India was conducted. Regression analysis is used to determine the impact of GB on PWSMEs, and mediation analysis is used to explore the role of green attitude in this relationship.

Findings

The study reveals that GB components such as intent, processes, measurement, communication and capacity building have a positive impact on perceived wealth and green attitude. The association between perceived wealth and GB aspects is moderated by a green attitude, with the indirect effect being more significant than the direct effect.

Practical implications

To improve customers' green attitudes toward buying goods and services, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should develop a technique to implement GB aspects into their overall strategy. This will undoubtedly improve the performance of SMEs.

Originality/value

This study adds to the body of knowledge on GB by emphasizing the benefits that SMEs can get from implementing GB practices, thereby improving their performance in markets such as India.
Circ_MACF1 targets miR‐421 to upregulate FMO2 to suppress paclitaxel resistance and malignant cellular behaviors in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qian Xiaoting , Chen Chunhua , Tong Sanxiang , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2023

Background

Chemoresistance remains an enormous challenge in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibit important regulation in tumor progression and chemoresistance. This research focused on exploring the regulatory function and mechanism of circ_MACF1 (has_circ_0011780) in paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in LADC.

Methods

Circ_MACF1, miR‐421 and flavin‐containing monooxygenase 2 (FMO2) were determined by RT‐qPCR. MTT was applied to detect IC50 of PTX. The proliferation analysis was performed using EdU and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis and motility were examined using flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. Western blot was administered for protein detection. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed for confirming target interaction. PTX sensitivity in vivo was researched via xenograft tumor assay.

Results

Expression of circ_MACF1 was decreased in PTX‐resistant LADC tissues and cells. Circ_MACF1 overexpression reduced chemoresistance, proliferation, motility and accelerated apoptosis in PTX‐resistant LADC cells. Circ_MACF1 targeted miR‐421 and miR‐421 upregulation reverted circ_MACF1‐evoked effects. FMO2 served as a downstream target of miR‐421 and circ_MACF1 sponged miR‐421 to elevate the expression of FMO2. MiR‐421 enhanced PTX resistance and LADC progression via targeting FMO2. FMO2 knockdown enhanced IC50 of PTX and cell proliferation. In vivo, circ_MACF1 elevated PTX sensitivity of LADC by mediating miR‐421/FMO2 axis.

Conclusion

These findings elucidated that circ_MACF1 inhibited PTX resistance by absorbing miR‐421 to upregulate FMO2 in LADC.
Formalizing theories of child development: Introduction to the special section
Authors: Frankenhuis Willem E. , Borsboom Denny , Nettle Daniel , Roisman Glenn I.
Published: October 2023

Here we introduce a Special Section of Child Development entitled “Formalizing Theories of Child Development.” This Special Section features five papers that use mathematical models to advance our understanding of central questions in the study of child development. This landmark collection is timely: it signifies growing awareness that rigorous empirical bricks are not enough; we need solid theory to build the house. By stating theory in mathematical terms, formal models make concepts, assumptions, and reasoning more explicit than verbal theory does. This increases falsifiability, promotes cumulative science, and enables integration with mathematical theory in allied disciplines. The Special Section contributions cover a range of topics: the developmental origins of counting, interactions between mathematics and language development, visual exploration and word learning in infancy, referent identification by toddlers, and the emergence of typical and atypical development. All are written in an accessible manner and for a broad audience.
The onset of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activity on orthodontic tooth movement in rats with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huang Danyuan , Li Yuyu , Chen Shuo , Wang Han , Jiang Yukun , Wei Yuanyuan , Lin Hengyi , Zou Shujuan
Published: October 2023

Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays pivotal roles in metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, the specific role of AMPK for orthodontic tooth movement in type 2 diabetes is unclear. In this study, a diabetic rat model was established through dietary manipulation and streptozocin injection. Examinations were conducted to select qualified type 2 diabetic rats. Then, an orthodontic device was applied to these rats for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days. The distance of orthodontic tooth movement and parameters of alveolar bone were analyzed by micro‐computed tomography. Periodontal osteoclastic activity, inflammatory status, and AMPK activity were measured via histological analyses. Next, we repeated the establishment of diabetic rats to investigate whether change of AMPK activity was associated with orthodontic tooth movement under type 2 diabetes. The results showed that diabetic rats exhibited an exacerbated alveolar bone resorption, overactive inflammation, and decreased periodontal AMPK activity during orthodontic tooth movement. Injection of the AMPK agonist alleviated type 2 diabetes‐induced periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption, thus normalizing distance of orthodontic tooth movement. Our study indicates that type 2 diabetes decreases periodontal AMPK activity, leading to excessive inflammation elevating osteoclast formation and alveolar bone resorption, which could be reversed by AMPK activation.
CAN A PREDICTED FUTURE STILL BE AN OPEN FUTURE? ALGORITHMIC FORECASTS AND ACTIONABILITY IN PRECISION MEDICINE*
Authors: Esposito Elena , Hofmann Dominik , Coloni Costanza
Published: October 2023

The openness of the future is rightly considered one of the qualifying aspects of the temporality of modern society. The open future, which does not yet exist in the present, implies radical unpredictability. This article discusses how, in the last few centuries, the resulting uncertainty has been managed with probabilistic tools that compute present information about the future in a controlled way. The probabilistic approach has always been plagued by three fundamental problems: performativity, the need for individualization, and the opacity of predictions. We contrast this approach with recent forms of algorithmic forecasting, which seem to turn these problems into resources and produce an innovative form of prediction. But can a predicted future still be an open future? We explore this specific contemporary modality of historical futures by examining the recent debate about the notion of actionability in precision medicine, which focuses on a form of individualized prediction that enables direct intervention in the future it predicts.
Unveiling the ChatGPT phenomenon: Evaluating the consistency and accuracy of endodontic question answers
Authors: Suárez Ana , Díaz‐Flores García Víctor , Algar Juan , Gómez Sánchez Margarita , Llorente de Pedro María , Freire Yolanda
Published: October 2023

Aim

Chatbot Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a generative artificial intelligence (AI) software based on large language models (LLMs), designed to simulate human conversations and generate novel content based on the training data it has been exposed to. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consistency and accuracy of ChatGPT‐generated answers to clinical questions in endodontics, compared to answers provided by human experts.

Methodology

Ninety‐one dichotomous (yes/no) questions were designed and categorized into three levels of difficulty. Twenty questions were randomly selected from each difficulty level. Sixty answers were generated by ChatGPT for each question. Two endodontic experts independently answered the 60 questions. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program to calculate the consistency and accuracy of the answers generated by ChatGPT compared to the experts. Confidence intervals (95%) and standard deviations were used to estimate variability.

Results

The answers generated by ChatGPT showed high consistency (85.44%). No significant differences in consistency were found based on question difficulty. In terms of answer accuracy, ChatGPT achieved an average accuracy of 57.33%. However, significant differences in accuracy were observed based on question difficulty, with lower accuracy for easier questions.

Conclusions

Currently, ChatGPT is not capable of replacing dentists in clinical decision‐making. As ChatGPT's performance improves through deep learning, it is expected to become more useful and effective in the field of endodontics. However, careful attention and ongoing evaluation are needed to ensure its accuracy, reliability and safety in endodontics.
The novel HLA‐DRB1*09:01:14 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Chen Can , Yang Fan , An Lin , Li Yuxia , Shi Pengfei
Published: October 2023

HLA‐DRB1*09:01:14 differs from HLA‐DRB1*09:01:02:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2.
Comment on Mints not Mines: a macroscale investigation of Roman silver coinage by J.R. Wood, M. Ponting, and K. Butcher
Authors:   Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France, Albarède Francis , Blichert-Toft Janne ,   Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France, Davis Gillan ,   Australian Catholic University, National School of Arts, Australia, Gentelli Liesel ,   Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France, Milot Jean ,   Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France, Vaxevanopoulos Markos ,   Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France, Westner Katrin ,   Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France
Published: October 2023

Wood et al. (2023), hereinafter WPB, unveils a number of historical issues relevant to Roman economy and metallurgy based on trace element and Pb isotope abundance data on a large set of important coins minted during the Roman Empire (Ponting and Butcher 2015). Here, we discuss several points which, in our view, misrepresent the work of other groups, ours included, and bias the overall interpretation of the WPB data set.
Multibody Constraints in the Geometrically Nonlinear Intrinsic Formulation
Authors: Wang Yinan , Otsuka Keisuke
Published: October 2023

The intrinsic formulation for geometrically nonlinear beam dynamics provides a compact and versatile description of slender beam-like structures. With nonlinearities limited to second-order couplings in the formulation, it has been an attractive choice in formulating nonlinear reduced-order models for dynamic analysis and control design in aeroelasticity problems involving large displacements and rotations. Owing to its rotation-free formalism, the intrinsic formulation has not been formulated to accommodate multibody constraints, limiting its use against multibody structures with kinematic constraints. This work aims to address such weakness as we present developments in introducing multibody constraints into the full and reduced-order intrinsic equations while still preserving the beneficial traits of the method. We describe the resolution of displacement-level constraints using index-1 approach and adaptation of constraint stabilization strategies to the intrinsic formulation using state projection. The numerical behavior of the full- and reduced-order implementations are assessed using test cases with large static and dynamic deformations with time-domain simulations to demonstrate validity of the approach.
Probabilistic Printability Maps for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Via Functional Calibration and Uncertainty Propagation
Authors: Wu Nicholas , Whalen Brendan , Ma Ji , Balachandran Prasanna V.
Published: October 2023

In this work, we develop an efficient computational framework for process space exploration in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) based additive manufacturing technology. This framework aims to find suitable processing conditions by characterizing the probability of encountering common build defects. We employ a Bayesian approach toward inferring a functional relationship between LPBF processing conditions and the unobserved parameters of laser energy absorption and powder bed porosity. The relationship between processing conditions and inferred laser energy absorption is found to have good correspondence to the literature measurements of powder bed energy absorption using calorimetric methods. The Bayesian approach naturally enables uncertainty quantification and we demonstrate its utility by performing efficient forward propagation of uncertainties through the modified Eagar–Tsai model to obtain estimates of melt pool geometries, which we validate using out-of-sample experimental data from the literature. These melt pool predictions are then used to compute the probability of occurrence of keyhole and lack-of-fusion based defects using geometry-based criteria. This information is summarized in a probabilistic printability map. We find that the probabilistic printability map can describe the keyhole and lack-of-fusion behavior in experimental data used for calibration, and is capable of generalizing to wider regions of processing space. This analysis is conducted for SS316L, IN718, IN625, and Ti6Al4V using melt pool measurement data retrieved from the literature.
High spinal cord injury precipitating syncope: a rare indication for pacemaker insertion
Authors: Khan Isa , Scully Timothy G , Teh Andrew W , Wong Geoffrey R
Published: October 2023

The current evidence for vasovagal syncope management is that cardiac pacing is only indicated in a highly select group of patients where symptoms can be linked to bradycardic episodes. High spinal cord injury can lead to autonomic dysfunction and sympathetic nervous system hypoactivity. A high spinal cord injury can theoretically precipitate profound bradycardia leading to haemodynamic instability and syncope. A patient in his 50s with a history of C2 spinal injury was admitted to our tertiary centre for management of what was initially thought to be septic shock causing hypotension and syncope. With evidence to suggest this patient’s presentation may be profound reflex syncope in the context of unopposed parasympathetic signalling, consensus was reached to implant a permanent pacemaker. Remarkably, the patient’s haemodynamics stabilised and there were no further episodes of syncope.
Medium-high density soft micrites: impact of microstructural features on state and compressibility
Authors: Mifsud Adrian , Cotecchia Federica , Santaloia Francesca , Cafaro Francesco
Published: October 2023

Three soft rock facies of the Middle Globigerina Limestone (MGL) from Malta, of mineralogical composition and index properties similar to some medium-high density Chalk facies, are disaggregated through prolonged agitation in water to create reconstituted samples. The significant activity of their clay-sized calcite grains can impart a medium-high plasticity. Scanning electron microscopy analyses of natural and reconstituted samples show the natural bonding as interlock, possibly induced by cohesive clay-sized calcite grains during the sediment compaction. Micro-analyses and compression test data also show that local calcite crystal overgrowth under burial has reduced further the soft rock porosity, making it lower than that of the reconstituted material one-dimensionally compressed to the geological preconsolidation pressure. Nonetheless, the low stress sensitivity of natural MGL suggests that this interlock bonding does not strengthen much the material with respect to the highly compressed reconstituted soil. The natural MGL is of very low permeability, which reduces further with compression. Concurrently, the soft rock creep coefficient increases, reaching values far above those typical for clays. The microstructural features and the mechanical properties of the different MGL facies are shown to be sensitive to clay mineral content.
Control of magnetic dissipation and radiation on an unsteady stagnation point nanofluid flow: A numerical approach
Authors: Chandini Pattanaik P. , Jena S. , Mishra S. R.
Published: October 2023

This study investigates two-dimensional time-dependent stagnation point nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching or sinking sheet. The electrically conducting fluid allows for the interaction of a transverse magnetic field along with magnetic dissipation and thermal radiation to enrich the flow phenomena. The use of nanofluids is becoming increasingly important in a variety of industrial applications, as well as in engineering and biomedicine. The process of peristaltic pumping, the flow of blood in the artery, the drug delivery process, and besides that, the cooling of electronic devices for the better shape of the product at the final stage of production, the use of nanofluid, are all important. The transformed dimensionless governing equations are obtained by the implementation of various transformation rules, and the model is designed by using different thermophysical properties such as viscosity, conductivity, etc. Finally, the numerical technique RK-fourth-order method is deployed to solve the set of equations and the iteration process is continued up to the desired accuracy of 10[Formula: see text]. The validation of the current result is shown with the earlier investigation in particular cases, and further, the behavior of the physical parameters is presented through graphs. It is observed that the particle concentration has a greater impact in enhancing the velocity distribution for the variation of suction/injection. The behavior of the magnetic parameter vis-à-vis the unsteadiness parameter and the thermal buoyancy presents their greater contribution in enhancing the magnitude of nanofluid velocity.
Study on the Influence of Geometric Parameters and Shape Optimization of Single Tenon Joint in Assembled Subway Station
Authors: Xiang Bingquan , Cui Linzhao , Ding Wantao , Tang Wendong , Yue Tengsheng , Qin Wang
Published: October 2023

The various components of fully prefabricated metro stations are mainly connected using grouted tenon and mortise joints. Therefore, studying the mechanical properties of the joint locations is of significant importance for the overall safety and stability of the station. This paper focuses on the single tenon-long joint as the research object and applies an orthogonal experiment plan to investigate the relationship between the lower bottom length, upper bottom length, and height of the joint and its flexural load carrying capacity. After comparing various loading methods, uniformly distributed loads are chosen as the method for applying axial forces and bending moments. The objective is to determine the dimensions of the tongue and groove that exhibit optimal mechanical properties based on the law of opening displacement and maximum deflection variation with bending moment. The influence of geometrical parameters on the flexural strength of tenon joints is analyzed by means of range analysis in order to find the combination of geometrical parameters with the best mechanical properties. The degree of influence of each geometrical parameter was also ranked. Using these insights, the authors proposed a modified cross-shaped tenon based on the optimal combination of geometrical parameters, which was verified by comparing the M–θ curves of the optimal combination and the optimum working condition. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the ranking of the geometric parameters of the joint in terms of their influence on the flexural capacity is as follows: height has a greater impact than the bottom length, and the bottom length has a greater impact than the top length. Among these parameters, the influence factor of the height is significantly greater than the other two. (2) The optimum geometry for the tenon and mortise joint is 385 mm for the lower bottom length, 230 mm for the upper bottom length, and 200 mm for the height; the joint’s ratio of height to total width should be 25%, the ratio of lower bottom length to total width should be 48%, and the ratio of upper bottom length to total width should be 29%. (3) The load carrying capacity of the cross-shaped tenon is significantly higher than that of the optimal combination and optimum working condition, providing a significant improvement. This research’s results will serve as a valuable reference for designing assembly nodes in prefabricated assembly metro stations.
Inhibition of Autophagy in Heat-Stressed Sperm of Adult Mice: A Possible Role of Catsper1, 2 Channel Proteins
Authors: Soltani Malihe , Rahmati Majid , Nikravesh Mohammad Reza , Saeedi Nejat Shahin , Jalali Mahdi
Published: October 2023

Objective. Various phenomena guarantee gamete maturation and formation at all stages of evolution, one of which is autophagy playing a critical role in the final morphology of gametes, particularly sperms. Autophagy is influenced by oxidative stress, disturbances of calcium homeostasis, and hyperthermia conditions. The current study aimed to assess the autophagy-related proteins along with the activity of sperm calcium channel (CatSper) proteins following the induction of heat stress (HS). Methods. The study sample includes two groups of adult mice: sham and HS groups. In the HS group, the right testis was transferred to the abdominal cavity for 120 hours and then returned to the scrotum where it remained for 7 days. After 7 days, the testis and epididymis were removed to conduct real-time, immunohistochemical studies, sperm parameter evaluation, and seminiferous tubule assessment. In this study, the expression and distribution of autophagy proteins were measured. Plus, CatSper1 and CatSper2 were evaluated as proteins of calcium channels. Results. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression intensity of autophagy indices in seminiferous tubules decreased significantly after HS induction, which was associated with a decrease in the distribution of CatSper proteins in the sperms. HS led to morphological changes in sperm, reduced motility and viability of sperm, and decreased spermatogenesis indices. Conclusion. In this study, following heat stress, the decrease in CatSper protein distribution may lead to the structural disorder of CatSper channels, which could strongly affect autophagic activity. Also, disruption of spermatogenesis and sperm parameters may be the consequence of decreased autophagy activity.
Prevalence of Candida albicans in High-Risk Human Papillomavirus-Positive Women: A Study in Diyarbakır Province, Turkey
Authors: Oktay Gultekin Efdal , Can Behzat
Published: October 2023

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health concern due to its association with the development of cervical cancer. Although inflammation caused by Candida spp. has been shown to facilitate oncogenesis, the interactions between HPV and Candida spp. remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HR-HPV infection HR-HPV-positiveCandida albicans in HR-HPV-positive individuals in Diyarbakır province in Turkey. Cervical samples were taken from 350 participants aged 20–69 years who applied to Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. For detection of HPV presence and HR-HPV genotyping, PCR/direct cycle sequencing was used. E6/E7 mRNA expression of HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, and -45 was determined by type-specific real-time NASBA assay (NucliSENS EasyQ(®)HPV v1.1). The presence of Candida albicans in cervical specimens of HR-HPV-positive women was investigated by RAPD-PCR and culture methods. Results. Of the 350 women who participated in the study, 24% were HPV positive and 10.5% were found to be HR-HPV positive. HR-HPV positivity was most frequently detected in the age range of 40–49 years. Among HR-HPV-positive women, C. albicans was found in 59.4%. Conclusion. The most frequent HR-HPV genotype was HPV16, followed by HPV31. Of women who tested positive for HR-HPV, C. albicans was discovered in 59.4%. C. albicans infection may occur when the immune system is weakened or the balance of the vaginal flora is disturbed, increasing tissue damage in the vaginal area and the risk of carcinogenesis of HR-HPV. Therefore, knowing the presence of Candida infection in HR-HPV-positive women is essential to plan the treatment and prevent the risk of secondary disease.
ГРУПИ КРОВІ АВO ТА РЕЗИСТЕНТНІСТЬ ДО COVID-19
Authors: Бігуняк Т. В. , Николишин К. О. , Ковенько Н. В. , Кравець І. Р.
Published: October 2023

Узагальнено та систематизовано дані наукової літератури про роль груп крові за системою АВО у сприйнятливості до інфікування SARS-CoV-2. Група крові II (А) пов’язана з більшою чутливістю до COVID-19, тоді як група I (О) демонструє підвищену резистентність до коронавірусної інфекції. Наявність анти-ОА антитіл знижує сприйнятливість осіб з I (О) групою крові до COVID-19. Підвищення активності АПФ-2 у людей з II (А) групою крові та надмірне утворення плазмових факторів коагуляції фон Віллебранда та VIII можуть сприяти розвитку ускладнень при COVID-19.
ЧИННИКИ, ЯКІ АСОЦІЙОВАНІ З ВАРІАБЕЛЬНІСТЮ РІВНЯ ІНТЕРЛЕЙКІНУ-6 У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ COVID-19
Authors: Литвин К. Ю. , Білоконь О. О.
Published: October 2023

Підвищення системного рівня інтерлейкіну-6 (ІЛ-6) у пацієнтів з COVID-19 розглядається як релевантний параметр для прогнозування найтяжчого ступеня захворювання та потреби в інтенсивній терапії. Нами було досліджено рівень інтерлейкіну-6 у 77 пацієнтів з COVID-19 віком від 29 до 87 років (59,3±12,4), серед яких було чоловіків − 43 (55,8 %), жінок – 34 (44,2 %). Обстеження здійснювали на наступний день після госпіталізації. В середньому термін від початку недуги становив (9,2±3,5) доби. Встановлено, що середній рівень ІЛ-6 серед пацієнтів з COVID-19 значно перевищував цей показник у відносно здорових осіб: Me – 5,30 (3,57; 11,32) пг/л проти 2,68 (2,22; 2,97) (p<0,001).

Аналіз вмісту ІЛ-6 залежно від демографічних, клінічних і загальних лабораторних характеристик показав, що його підвищення у сироватці крові корелює з віком (rs=0,251, p=0,030), причому найвищий середній рівень означеного цитокіну спостерігається у віковій групі 70-79 років (rs=0,381, p=0,001). Серед клінічних характеристик визначено кореляцію рівня ІЛ-6 із тяжким ступенем захворювання (rs=0,381, p=0,001), що відповідає ролі означеного цитокіну як можливого маркера прогресування тяжкого перебігу захворювання. Відповідно, спостерігається тенденція до зв’язку летального висліду захворювання зі зростанням рівня ІЛ-6 (rs=0,210, p=0,071), що при більшій кількості спостережень може мати достовірний результат.

Серед загальних лабораторних показників пряма кореляція спостерігалася між рівнем ІЛ-6 та показником ШОЕ (rs=0,271, p=0,019), кількістю паличкоядерних нейтрофілів (rs=0,301, p=0,009), залишковим азотом (rs=0,231, p=0,047), вмістом С-реактивного білка (С-РБ) (rs=0,241, p=0,037), який, подібно до ІЛ-6, є важливим маркером гострої фази запалення. Таким чином, встановлено, що підвищення рівня інтерлейкіну-6, яке спостерігається у пацієнтів із COVID-19, корелює з тяжкістю хвороби та може бути також пов’язане з віком (особливо віковою групою 70-79 років) і цілим рядом супутньої патології та клінічних станів, серед яких особливо вагомими є ішемічна хвороба серця, ожиріння, гарячка, підвищений артеріальний тиск (систолічний), зниження сатурації.
ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ ТА НЕЙРОПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ У ХВОРИХ, ЯКІ ПЕРЕНЕСЛИ ІНСУЛЬТ У ВЕРТЕБРОБАЗИЛЯРНОМУ БАСЕЙНІ
Authors: Шалабай Н. Т. , Шкробот С. І.
Published: October 2023

РЕЗЮМЕ. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати якість життя та стан нейропсихологічної сфери хворих, які перенесли інсульт у вертебробазилярному басейні.
Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 98 пацієнтів, які перенесли ішемічний інсульт у вертебробазилярному басейні (чоловіків 69, жінок 29). Пацієнти були поділені на 5 груп: 1 група – пацієнти у ранньому підгострому періоді (7 днів – 3 міс.), 2 група – хворі у пізньому підгострому періоді інсульту (3–6 міс.), 3 група – хворі у хронічному періоді інсульту (6–12 міс.), 4 та 5 групи – хворі з наслідками інсульту: (1–3 роки та більше 5 років), контрольна група – 20 здорових осіб. Методи дослідження: загальноклінічні, неврологічні, інструментальні та нейропсихологічні.
Результати. Лакунарний підтип інсульту мав місце у 4 (4,08 %) пацієнтів, гемодинамічний інсульт у 10 (10,2 %), 68 (69,3 %) хворих перенесли атеротромботичний інсульт, 16 (16,3 %) – кардіоемболічний інсульт. За шкалою NIHSS легкий ішемічний інсульт діагностовано у 52 (53 %), інсульт середньої тяжкості у 34 (34,6 %), в 12 (12,2 %) пацієнтів з ішемією у довгастому мозку інсульт був тяжким. За результатами MoCA тесту, когнітивне зниження різного ступеня вираженості було в 93 пацієнтів (94,8 %) і було вірогідно нижчим, порівняно з нормою (p<0,05). Легкі та помірні когнітивні порушення були виявлені у 80 (86,7 %) пацієнтів, виражені – у 13 (13,2 %) хворих. Тест на запам’ятовування 10 слів (таблиця Шульте) продемонстрував низькі середні результати у всіх групах хворих. Опитувальник SF-36 зафіксував низькі результати у всіх 98 (100 %) хворих. Ми встановили, що у хворих 4 та 5 груп достовірно погіршувався рівень фізичного функціонування, соціального функціонування, психічного здоров’я та психологічного компонента здоров’я, порівняно з пацієнтами, які належали до 1, 2, 3 груп.
Висновки. Отримані результати свідчать про прогресивне зниження фізичного й психологічного компонентів здоров’я, когнітивне зниження різного ступеня вираженості у пацієнтів, що перенесли інсульт у вертебробазилярному басейні.
ВПЛИВ ПСИХОСОМАТИЧНИХ РОЗЛАДІВ НА ЗАГОСТРЕННЯ ГАСТРОЕЗОФАГЕАЛЬНОЇ РЕФЛЮКСНОЇ ХВОРОБИ З СУПУТНІМ ХРОНІЧНИМ ОБСТРУКТИВНИМ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМ ЛЕГЕНЬ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ МОЛОДОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Семенова Н. В. , Опарін О. А.
Published: October 2023

РЕЗЮМЕ. Вплив психосоматичних розладів на загострення гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби з супутнім хронічним обструктивним захворюванням легень у пацієнтів молодого віку.
Порушення моторно-евакуаторної функції за гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби (ГЕРХ) пов’язане з наявністю психосоматичних порушень у пацієнта. Хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) – третя нозологічна причина смерті. За комбінованого перебігу ГЕРХ та ХОЗЛ психосоматичні розлади є фактором загострення та посилення проявів захворювання. Наявність цих нозологій в осіб молодого віку привертає увагу практикуючого спеціаліста, адже важливо виявити, запобігти та знешкодити фактори загострення та прогресування захворювань.
Мета – визначити вплив та величину прояву психосоматичних порушень, таких як депресія, тривога, тривожність, у хворих на ГЕРХ з та без супутнього ХОЗЛ.
Матеріал і методи. У дослідження були відібрані 130 осіб віком (26,5±8,5) роки. Сформовано 3 групи: 1 – 60 пацієнтів з ГЕРХ із супутнім ХОЗЛ, 2 – 50 пацієнтів з ізольованною ГЕРХ, 3 – 20 практично здорових осіб. Для оцінки психосоматичного стану використовували опитувальники: Госпітальна шкала тривоги та депресії (HADS), шкали депресії Бека та шкал тривоги Cпілбергера, Шихана та Бека.
Результати. За госпітальною шкалою показники депресії переважали у першій групі хворих; тривоги – у другій.
За шкалою тривоги Спілбергера, у пацієнтів 1 групи переважала реактивна тривога, а у пацієнтів 2 – особистісна тривожність. За шкалами Бека виявлено, що у хворих 1 групи достовірно переважають показники депресії, а у хворих 2 групи – тривоги. За Шкалою Шихана, рівень тривоги так само переважав у 2 групі.
Кінцеві дані значно покращились після проведеного лікування, але співвідношення залишилися, причому у 2 групі хворих зміни не такі відчутні, як у 1.
Висновки. Виявлено залежність між наявністю депресивних та тривожних порушень у хворих з комбінованими ГЕРХ та ХОЗЛ та тривожності у хворих з ізольованим ГЕРХ. Після проведення лікування психосоматичні показники достовірно поліпшуються.
ІНДЕКС МАСИ ТІЛА ЯК КЛЮЧОВИЙ ФАКТОР ТРИВАЛОСТІ ЖИТТЯ ТА СПОСОБИ ЙОГО КОРЕКЦІЇ
Authors: Наумова Л. В. , Наумова У. О. , Крицький Т. І.
Published: October 2023

РЕЗЮМЕ. Мета – відслідкувати динаміку змін поглядів на ожиріння, проаналізувати світовий досвід останнього десятиліття в пошуках ефективного лікування цього захворювання.
Матеріал і методи. Здійснення системного аналізу було виконано шляхом використання пошукових систем наукової інформації, зокрема PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, UpToDate. Застосовано метод інформаційного пошуку та аналітико-порівняльний метод.
Результати. Ожиріння пов’язане з численними ускладненнями: метаболічними, механічними, психічними. Доведено, що із збільшенням ІМТ зменшується тривалість життя.
ІМТ є найкориснішим показником надмірної ваги та ожиріння, оскільки він однаковий для обох статей і для всіх вікових груп дорослих.
Схуднення на 5–10 % від початкової маси знижує частоту виникнення цукрового діабету 2-го типу; серцево-судинної смертності; веде до покращення ліпідного профілю крові; нормалізації артеріального тиску; зменшення тяжкості обструктивного апное уві сні; покращення якості життя, пов’язаного із здоров’ям.
Ожиріння має величезний вплив на очікувану тривалість життя. Розраховано, що до 70 років доживатимуть майже 80 % осіб, які мали нормальний ІМТ у віці 35 років; проте при ІМТ 30–35 кг/м2 ця частка зменшується до близько 70 %; при ІМТ 35–40 кг/м2 до ~62 %; при ІМТ 40–50 кг/м2 доживає до 70 років тільки половина.
Зниження ваги на 5–10 % приводить до значного клінічного ефекту при наступних патологічних станах: остеоартриті, нетриманні сечі, гастроезофагеальній рефлюксній хворобі, синдромі полікістозних яєчників.
Висновки. Ожиріння, за визначенням Асоціації медицини ожиріння, справді є хронічним рецидивним багатофакторним нейроповедінковим захворюванням, при якому збільшення жиру в організмі сприяє дисфункції жирової тканини та аномальній фізичній силі жирової маси, що призводить до несприятливих метаболічних, біомеханічних та психосоціальних наслідків для організму. Навіть незначне зниження маси тіла достовірно покращує загальний стан пацієнта, позитивно впливаючи на перебіг супутніх захворювань, покращує лабораторні показники та подовжує тривалість життя пацієнта. Доведено, що лише комбінований індивідуальний підхід до пацієнта з активним залученням його до лікування дає позитивний і, найголовніше, тривалий ефект.