bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porosity prediction using semi-supervised learning with biased well log data for improving estimation accuracy and reducing prediction uncertainty
Authors: Sang Wenjing , Yuan Sanyi , Han Hongwei , Liu Haojie , Yu Yue
Published: September 2022

Porosity characterization is of profound significance for seismic inversion and hydrocarbon prediction. Although semi-supervised learning (SSL) based methods have been used to boost prediction accuracy and lateral continuity of supervised learning (SL) inverted subsurface properties, their variations are relatively limited since the relationships between the data and the parameter model are straightforward in most reported cases. To further figure out their essential differences, we proposed the SSL-based network (SSLBN) for reservoir porosity prediction using seismic and well log data with disparate complexity and quality, and compared it with the SL-based network (SLBN). The SSLBN comprises a data-driven inverse model named decoder and a data-driven forward model named encoder based on the bidirectional-gated recurrent units. The architecture of the SLBN is the same as the encoder. Trained by several seismic-to-well pairs and numerous unlabelled seismic logs, the SSLBN learns the physical process from input single-trace observed seismic log to the intermediate porosity log, and the inverted porosity to the output generated seismic log. We first prepare the porosity model with biased or unbiased labels, the convolution model (CM) and reverse time migration (RTM) based synthetic seismic data, and then implement SL- and SSL-based statistical tests. The synthetic data examples demonstrate that the SSLBN has significant preponderance over the SLBN in the scenes of the RTM imaged seismic data and biased porosity labels. Compared with the SLBN, the physical regularization of the data misfit in the SSLBN improves estimation accuracy and reduces prediction uncertainty of porosity. Finally, statistical tests on a braided river deposited field data example illustrate that the SSLBN can generate more geologically trustworthy porosity models and indicate the oil layers of high porosity sandstone reservoirs.
Sex-Specific Associations Between Susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease and Programmed Cell Death 1 Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Pan Sheng-Wei , Feng Jia-Yih , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin , Shu Chin-Chung , Wang Ping-Huai , Wang Jann-Yuan , Wang Hao-Chien , Su Wei-Juin , Chen Yuh-Min , Yu Chong-Jen
Published: September 2022

Background

Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) preferentially occurs in postmenopausal women and may have immune exhaustion involving the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway. It is still unknown whether sex-specific associations between susceptibility to MAC-LD and programmed cell death 1 gene (PDCD1) polymorphisms exist.

Methods

Adult patients with MAC-LD (n = 152) and controls (n = 167) were included at 2 medical centers in Taiwan. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in PDCD1 genes were genotyped, and their associations with MAC-LD and soluble PD-1 protein were analyzed, especially in sex subgroups.

Results

PDCD1 rs2227982 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of MAC-LD in women (adjusted odds ratio for AA vs AG vs GG, 2.205 [95% confidence interval, 1.108–4.389]; P = .02), and the rs10204525 TT genotype was associated with low risk in men (TT vs TC and CC, 0.396 [.176–.890]; P = .02). Compared with men with rs10204525 TT, women with rs2227982 AG and with AA had 2.7- and 5.0-fold increased risks, respectively. Soluble PD-1 levels were lower in the female subgroup with rs2227982 AG and AA than in the remainder (median level [interquartile range], 46.7 [33.7-71.5] pg/mL vs 66.2 [48.6–101.5] pg/mL; P < .001).

Conclusions

PDCD1 genetic polymorphisms were associated with the risk of MAC-LD in a sex-specific pattern, possibly through regulation of PD-1 expression.
One if by Land, and Two if by Sea: Cross-Domain Contests and the Escalation of International Crises
Authors: Gannon J Andrés
Published: September 2022

New domains of military conflict, such as space and cyber, arguably increase opportunities for conflict across, as well as within, domains. Cross-domain conflict is thus seen by many as an emerging source of international instability. Yet, existing systematic empirical research has little to say about how domains interact. This study introduces a new dataset of the domains in which nations took military action during 412 international crises between 1918 and 2015. Analysis of these data yields several surprises. Far from being rare, cross-domain interactions are the modal form of conflict in crises during this period. Nor is cross-domain conflict “new”: crises that play out in more than one domain were about as frequent (proportionately) in decades past as they are today. Cross-domain crises are also less violent and of no greater duration than crises between belligerents using similar means. This study thus presents evidence that fears about cross-domain escalation are empirically unsubstantiated.
Another neighbourhood semantics for intuitionistic logic
Authors: Moniri Morteza , Shirmohammadzadeh Maleki Fatemeh
Published: September 2022

In this paper we first introduce a new neighbourhood semantics for propositional intuitionistic logic. We then naturally extend this semantics to first-order intuitionistic logic. We also study bisimulation between neighbourhood models and prove some of their basic properties for both propositional and first-order intuitionistic logic.
Integrin alpha 2 is associated with tumor progression and postoperative recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Yoko , Kage Hidenori , Morota Mizuki , Zokumasu Koichi , Ando Takahiro , Maemura Keita , Watanabe Kousuke , Kawakami Masanori , Hinata Munetoshi , Ushiku Tetsuo , Nakajima Jun , Nagase Takahide
Published: September 2022

Background

Integrins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. Whereas expression of integrin alpha 2 is associated with motility, invasiveness and cellular differentiation in various tumors, the role of integrin alpha 2 in lung cancer has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how aberrant integrin alpha 2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer leads to different outcomes.

Methods

We measured expression of integrin alpha 2 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 100 samples collected from non-small cell lung cancer patients who had undergone surgical resection. We assigned patients to high and low expression groups and analyzed survival. Cellular morphology, adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion were examined in human lung cancer cell lines.

Results

Among 100 cases, 41 were female, with a median age of 71 years. High expression of integrin alpha 2 in non-small cell lung cancer was associated with lower recurrence-free survival (P = 0.004). Overexpression of integrin alpha 2 in cell lines had no effect on cell proliferation or invasion but resulted in increased cell size (1416 μm2 versus 470 μm2 in H522 cells, P < 0.001; 1822 μm2 versus 1029 μm2 in H661 cells, P = 0.02), adhesion (P < 0.001 in H522 and H661 cells) and migration (gap area filled was 71% versus 36% in H522 cells, P < 0.001; 57% versus 26% in H661 cells, P = 0.001). These changes were suppressed by E7820, an inhibitor of integrin alpha 2.

Conclusions

Integrin alpha 2 may play a significant role in lung cancer adhesion and migration, and may lead to a higher risk of recurrence.
Improved survival of poor-risk non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients: real-world data from a single institute in Japan
Authors: Tanuma Kozaburo , Kawai Koji , Nitta Satoshi , Shiga Masanobu , Kawahara Takashi , Negoro Hiromitsu , Onozawa Mizuki , Inoue Takamitsu , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Jun
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group Update Consortium showed the improved survival of patients with a non-seminomatous germ cell tumor. We updated the survival data of the non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients treated at our hospital.

Patients and Methods

We analyzed the outcomes of 138 patients treated in 1981–2018. We compared the survival of the patients treated in the early (1981–99) and later (2000–18) periods and determined the groups’ progression-free survival and overall survival using the Kaplan–Meier method. We used a web-based application of the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group Update model to calculate each patient’s predicted 3-year progression-free survival.

Results

The 5-year progression-free survival rates of the good, intermediate and poor prognosis groups were 91, 83 and 64%, and their 5-year overall survival rates were 97, 89 and 82%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the progression-free survival or overall survival of the good and intermediate prognosis groups by treatment year. The 5-year progression-free survival of the poor prognosis group was almost identical in both treatment year (60 and 65%, respectively). By contrast, the 5-year overall survival in the later period (85%) was higher than that in the early period (70%). The median-predicted 3-year progression-free survival rates of the good, intermediate and poor prognosis groups were 92, 83 and 51% (P < 0.01), respectively. The concordance index for the good, intermediate and poor prognosis groups were 0.56, 0.79 and 0.67, respectively.

Conclusion

The survival of our poor prognosis non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients improved over time. The 5-year overall survival of patients treated in 2000–18 reached 85%.
A case report: invasive ductal carcinoma in mosaic Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Authors: Wenger Danielle , Kurumety Sasha , Aydi Zeynep B
Published: September 2022

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by pathogenic variants in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene and characterized by a high lifetime risk of various cancers with a very early age of onset. We are presenting a 41-year-old woman with right invasive ductal cancer and no family history of cancers, diagnosed with mosaic LFS confirmed with blood and skin punch biopsy samples. She was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, mastectomy and sentinel node biopsy with completion axillary dissection. Adjuvant radiation was not recommended due to increased risk of secondary cancers. She also elected to undergo risk reducing contralateral mastectomy. Further research is warranted to determine the appropriate clinical management and surveillance strategies in patients with mosaic LFS as whether individuals with mosaic LFS have differing cancer risks in comparison to classic germline LFS is unknown.
The rare case of oesophago-pericardial fistula secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sidhu Kavina Kaur , Seyfi Doruk , Lau Ngee Soon , Yeo David Andrew
Published: September 2022

We report the case of a healthy 35-year-old male with two rare pathologies: pneumopericardium and oesophago-pericardial fistula (OPF) secondary to tuberculosis. Purulent pericarditis and cardiac tamponade are known complications with potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the symptoms of OPF are non-specific often delaying diagnosis. There is no gold standard for treatment or determinant of when nonsurgical versus surgical approach should be considered. Anti-tuberculous therapy alone is often adequate however an oesophageal stent was utilized in this case to rapidly gain control of the fistula and prevent ongoing contamination from mediastinitis.
Sex Education, Songs, and Spiritual Guidance: An Eighteenth-Century Servants’ Library
Authors: Bigold Melanie
Published: September 2022

This article brings to light a record for the largest known servants’ library of the eighteenth century. Found in a manuscript list in the hand of Elizabeth Percy, duchess of Northumberland (1715–1776), a keen collector and cataloguer of books, it comprises 131 titles. The list reinforces what we know about increased book use among the lower classes, particularly servants, but also provides new evidence of specific titles and, by extension, genres and formats of the books. Numerous chapbooks of prose-fiction, songs, and jests exist alongside evangelical tomes and pedagogical works. While the list cannot inform us about the extent of reading or use in the Northumberland household, the titles and genre statistics offer new insights, as well as some surprising anomalies.
Attributing Authorship to Bodleian MS Douce 171: A Seventeenth-Century Comedy by Arthur Wilson
Authors: Blank Daniel
Published: September 2022

This article argues that the anonymous dramatic fragment at the end of Bodleian Library, MS Douce 171, recently catalogued as ‘Comedy of Stella and Alexis’, is an authorial draft written by the seventeenth-century playwright Arthur Wilson (1595–1652). It does so through a careful consideration of the manuscript’s bibliographic features, as well as through palaeographical and stylistic comparison to Wilson’s extant plays and other documents in his hand. While scholars have long recognized the play’s existence, they have overlooked the identity of its author, in large part due to a neglect of the archival context in which the manuscript appears. This article not only assigns the play to a known early-modern dramatist, but also offers an exercise in attributing authorship to a theatrical document that gives very few hints about its origins.
New Fragments of Unrecorded Early English Printed Texts
Authors: Freeman Arthur , Freeman Janet Ing
Published: September 2022

This note is a supplement to a two-part article that appeared in The Library in 2008 on the collecting and identification of early English printed fragments and their use in the establishment of literary texts. A few fragments that have come to light since that time are discussed, including a portion of a unique ‘complaint of Christ’ titled Balade of Grevous is My Sorowe (c. 1530); damaged leaves of the farcical interlude Gammer Gurton’s Needle (1575) and of Ulpian Fulwell’s morality Like Will to Like (a previously unknown edition that must fall between what are now considered the second and third editions, c. 1586-87); and a scrap that preserves portions of eight pages from a hitherto unrecorded edition of The Hundred Merry Tales, generally known as ‘Shakespeare’s jestbook’ (c. 1594 or later), a survival that has allowed a new look at the changing text of this early-modern best seller.
Vector dark boson mediated feeble interaction between fermionic dark matter and strange quark matter in quark stars
Authors: Sen Debashree , Guha Atanu
Published: September 2022

We study the structural properties like the gravitational mass, radius, and tidal deformability of dark matter (DM) admixed strange quark stars (SQSs). For the purpose we consider the vector MIT Bag model to describe the strange quark matter (SQM) and investigate the possible presence of accreted DM in the SQSs consequently forming DM admixed SQSs. We introduce feeble interaction between SQM and the accreted fermionic DM via a vector dark boson mediator. Considering the present literature, in the context of possible presence of DM in SQSs, this work is the first to consider interaction between DM and SQM in the DM admixed SQSs. The mass of the DM fermion (mχ) and the vector mediator (mξ) and the coupling (yξ) between them are determined in accordance with the constraint from Bullet cluster and the present day relic abundance, respectively. We find that the presence of DM reduces both the mass and radius of the star compared to the no-DM case. The massive the DM fermion, the lower the values of maximum mass and radius of the DM admixed SQSs. For the chosen values of mχ and corresponding values of mξ and yξ, the computed structural properties of the DM admixed SQSs satisfy all the various present day astrophysical constraints. We obtain massive DM admixed SQSs configurations consistent with the GW190814 observational data. Hence the secondary compact object associated with this event may be a DM admixed SQS.
The phenomenology of the external field effect in cold dark matter models
Authors: Paranjape Aseem , Sheth Ravi K
Published: September 2022

In general relativity (GR), the internal dynamics of a self-gravitating system under free-fall in an external gravitational field should not depend on the external field strength. Recent work has claimed a statistical detection of an ‘external field effect’ (EFE) using galaxy rotation curve data. We show that large uncertainties in rotation curve analyses and inaccuracies in published simulation-based external field estimates compromise the significance of the claimed EFE detection. We further show analytically that a qualitatively similar statistical signal is, in fact, expected in a Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) universe without any violation of the strong equivalence principle. Rather, such a signal arises simply because of the inherent correlations between galaxy clustering strength and intrinsic galaxy properties. We explicitly demonstrate the effect in a baryonified mock catalogue of a ΛCDM universe. Although the detection of an EFE-like signal is not, by itself, evidence for physics beyond GR, our work shows that the sign of the EFE-like correlation between the external field strength and the shape of the radial acceleration relation can be used to probe new physics: e.g. in MOND, the predicted sign is opposite to that in our ΛCDM mocks.
Correlated variability of the reflection fraction with the X-ray flux and spectral index for Mrk 478
Authors: Barua Samuzal , Jithesh V , Misra Ranjeev , Medhi Biman J , Adegoke Oluwashina
Published: September 2022

The X-ray spectrum of Mrk 478 is known to be dominated by a strong soft excess that can be described using relativistic blurred reflection. Using observations from XMM–Newton, AstroSat, and Swift, we show that for the long-term (∼years) and intermediate-term (days to months) variability, the reflection fraction is anticorrelated with the flux and spectral index, which implies that the variability is due to the hard X-ray producing corona moving closer to and further from the black hole. Using flux-resolved spectroscopy of the XMM–Newton data, we show that the reflection fraction has the same behaviour with flux and index on short time-scales of hours. The results indicate that both the long- and short-term variability of the source is determined by the same physical mechanism of strong gravitational light bending causing enhanced reflection and low flux as the corona moves closer to the black hole.
Phase diagrams of binary ionic mixtures and white dwarf cooling
Authors: Baiko D A
Published: September 2022

Phase diagrams of fully ionized binary ionic mixtures are considered within the framework of the linear mixing formalism taking into account recent advances in understanding quantum one-component plasma thermodynamics. We have followed a transformation of azeotropic phase diagrams into peritectic and eutectic types with increase of the charge ratio. For solid 12C/16O and 16O/20Ne mixtures, we have found extensive miscibility gaps. Their appearance seems to be a robust feature of the theory. The gaps evolve naturally into two-solid regions of eutectic phase diagrams at higher Z2/Z1. They do not depend on thermodynamic fit extensions beyond their applicability limits. The gaps are sensitive to binary mixture composition and physics, being strongly different for C/O and O/Ne mixtures and for the three variants of corrections to linear-mixing solid-state energies available in the literature. When matter cools to its miscibility gap temperature, the exsolution process takes place. It results in a separation of heavier and lighter solid solutions. This may represent a significant reservoir of gravitational energy and should be included in future white dwarf (WD) cooling simulations. Ion quantum effects mostly resulted in moderate modifications; however, for certain Z2/Z1, these effects can produce qualitative restructuring of the phase diagram. This may be important for the model with 22Ne distillation in cooling C/O/Ne WD proposed as a solution for the ultramassive WD cooling anomaly.
A semi-analytical model for the formation and evolution of radio relics in galaxy clusters
Authors: Zhou Yihao , Xu Haiguang , Zhu Zhenghao , Zhao Yuanyuan , Fan Shida , Shan Chenxi , Zhu Yongkai , Hao Lei , Ji Li , Zhang Zhongli , Zheng Xianzhong
Published: September 2022

Radio relics are Mpc-sized synchrotron sources located in the peripheral regions of galaxy clusters. Models based on the diffuse shock acceleration (DSA) scenario have been widely accepted to explain the formation of radio relics. However, a critical challenge to these models is that most observed shocks seem too weak to generate detectable emission, unless fossil electrons, a population of mildly energetic electrons that have been accelerated previously, are included in the models. To address this issue, we present a new semi-analytical model to describe the formation and evolution of radio relics by incorporating fossil relativistic electrons into DSA theory, which is constrained by a sample of 14 observed relics, and employ the Press–Schechter formalism to simulate the relics in a 20° × 20° sky field at 50, 158, and 1400 MHz, respectively. Results show that fossil electrons contribute significantly to the radio emission, which can generate radiation four orders of magnitude brighter than that solely produced by thermal electrons at 158 MHz, and the power distribution of our simulated radio relic catalogue can reconcile the observed P1400–Mvir relation. We predict that $7.1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ clusters with $M_{\mathrm{vir}} \gt 1.2\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ would host relics at 158 MHz, which is consistent with the result of $10 \pm 6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ given by the Second Data Release of the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey. It is also found that radio relics are expected to cause severe foreground contamination in future epoch of reionization experiments, similar to that of radio haloes. The possibility of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) providing seed fossil relativistic electrons is evaluated by calculating the number of radio-loud AGNs that a shock is expected to encounter during its propagation.
Stellar Populations in type Ia supernova host galaxies at intermediate-high redshift: Star formation and metallicity enrichment histories
Authors: Millán-Irigoyen I , del Valle-Espinosa M G , Fernández-Aranda R , Galbany L , Gomes J M , Moreno-Raya M , López-Sánchez Á R , Mollá M
Published: September 2022

We present a summary of our project that studies galaxies hosting type Ia supernova (SN Ia) at different redshifts. We present Gran Telescopio de Canarias (GTC) optical spectroscopy of six SN Ia host galaxies at redshift z ∼ 0.4–0.5. They are joined to a set of SN Ia host galaxies at intermediate-high redshift, which include galaxies from surveys SDSS and COSMOS. The final sample, after a selection of galaxy spectra in terms of signal-to-noise and other characteristics, consists of 680 galaxies with redshift in the range 0.04 < z < 1. We perform an inverse stellar population synthesis with the code fado to estimate the star formation and enrichment histories of this set of galaxies, simultaneously obtaining their mean stellar age and metallicity and stellar mass. After analysing the correlations among these characteristics, we look for possible dependencies of the Hubble diagram residuals and supernova features (luminosity, colour and strength parameter) on these stellar parameters. We find that the Hubble residuals show a clear dependence on the stellar metallicity weighted by mass with a slope of −0.061 mag dex−1, when represented in logarithmic scale, log 〈ZM/Z⊙〉. This result supports our previous findings obtained from gas oxygen abundances for local and SDSS-survey galaxies. Comparing with other works from the literature that also use the stellar metallicity, we find a similar value, but with more precision and a better significance (2.08 versus ∼ 1.1), due to the higher number of objects and wider range of redshift of our sample.
Star-spots and magnetism: testing the activity paradigm in the Pleiades and M67
Authors: Cao Lyra , Pinsonneault Marc H
Published: September 2022

We measure star-spot filling fractions for 240 stars in the Pleiades and M67 open star clusters using APOGEE high-resolution H-band spectra. For this work, we developed a modified spectroscopic pipeline which solves for star-spot filling fraction and star-spot temperature contrast. We exclude binary stars, finding that the large majority of binaries in these clusters (80 per cent) can be identified from Gaia DR3 and APOGEE criteria – important for field star applications. Our data agree well with independent activity proxies, indicating that this technique recovers real star-spot signals. In the Pleiades, filling fractions saturate at a mean level of 0.248 ± 0.005 for active stars with a decline at slower rotation; we present fitting functions as a function of Rossby number. In M67, we recover low mean filling fractions of 0.030 ± 0.008 and 0.003 ± 0.002 for main sequence GK stars and evolved red giants, respectively, confirming that the technique does not produce spurious spot signals in inactive stars. Star-spots also modify the derived spectroscopic effective temperatures and convective overturn time-scales. Effective temperatures for active stars are offset from inactive ones by −109 ± 11 K, in agreement with the Pecaut & Mamajek empirical scale. Star-spot filling fractions at the level measured in active stars changes their inferred overturn time-scale, which biases the derived threshold for saturation. Finally, we identify a population of stars statistically discrepant from mean activity–Rossby relations and present evidence that these are genuine departures from a Rossby scaling. Our technique is applicable to the full APOGEE catalogue, with broad applications to stellar, galactic, and exoplanetary astrophysics.
Ammonia in the interstellar medium of a starbursting disc at z = 2.6
Authors: Doherty M J , Geach J E , Ivison R J , Menten K M , Jacob A M , Forbrich J , Dye S
Published: September 2022

We report the detection of the ground state rotational emission of ammonia, ortho-NH3 (JK = 10 → 00) in a gravitationally lensed intrinsically hyperluminous star-bursting galaxy at z = 2.6. The integrated line profile is consistent with other molecular and atomic emission lines which have resolved kinematics well modelled by a 5 kpc-diameter rotating disc. This implies that the gas responsible for NH3 emission is broadly tracing the global molecular reservoir, but likely distributed in pockets of high density (n ≳ 5 × 104 cm−3). With a luminosity of 2.8 × 106 L⊙, the NH3 emission represents 2.5 × 10−7 of the total infrared luminosity of the galaxy, comparable to the ratio observed in the Kleinmann–Low nebula in Orion and consistent with sites of massive star formation in the Milky Way. If $L_{\rm NH_3}/L_{\rm IR}$ serves as a proxy for the ‘mode’ of star formation, this hints that the nature of star formation in extreme starbursts in the early Universe is similar to that of Galactic star-forming regions, with a large fraction of the cold interstellar medium in this state, plausibly driven by a storm of violent disc instabilities in the gas-dominated disc. This supports the ‘full of Orions’ picture of star formation in the most extreme galaxies seen close to the peak epoch of stellar mass assembly.
Chloroquine disrupts zinc storage granules in primary Malpighian tubule cells of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Campos-Blázquez Jessica P , Schuth Nils , Garay Erika , Clark Adam H , Vogelsang Urs , Nachtegaal Maarten , Contreras Rubén G , Quintanar Liliana , Missirlis Fanis
Published: September 2022

Contrasting reports exist in the literature regarding the effect of chloroquine treatment on cellular zinc uptake or secretion. Here, we tested the effect of chloroquine administration in the Drosophila model organism. We show that larvae grown on a diet supplemented with 2.5 mg/ml chloroquine lose up to 50% of their stored zinc and around 10% of their total potassium content. This defect in chloroquine-treated animals correlates with the appearance of abnormal autophagolysosomes in the principal cells of the Malpighian tubules, where zinc storage granules reside. We further show that the reported increase of Fluozin-3 fluorescence following treatment of cells with 300 μM chloroquine for 1 h may not reflect increased zinc accumulation, since a similar treatment in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells results in a 36% decrease in their total zinc content. Thus, chloroquine should not be considered a zinc ionophore. Zinc supplementation plus chloroquine treatment restored zinc content both in vivo and in vitro, without correcting autophagic or other ionic alterations, notably in potassium, associated with the chloroquine treatment. We suggest that chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine administration to patients could reduce intracellular zinc storage pools and be part of the drug's mechanism of action.
Cell Taxonomy: a curated repository of cell types with multifaceted characterization
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Qian Qiheng , Zhu Tongtong , Zong Wenting , Shang Yunfei , Jin Tong , Zhang Yuansheng , Chen Ming , Wu Zishan , Chu Yuan , Zhang Rongqin , Luo Sicheng , Jing Wei , Zou Dong , Bao Yiming , Xiao Jingfa , Zhang Zhang
Published: September 2022

Single-cell studies have delineated cellular diversity and uncovered increasing numbers of previously uncharacterized cell types in complex tissues. Thus, synthesizing growing knowledge of cellular characteristics is critical for dissecting cellular heterogeneity, developmental processes and tumorigenesis at single-cell resolution. Here, we present Cell Taxonomy (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/celltaxonomy), a comprehensive and curated repository of cell types and associated cell markers encompassing a wide range of species, tissues and conditions. Combined with literature curation and data integration, the current version of Cell Taxonomy establishes a well-structured taxonomy for 3,143 cell types and houses a comprehensive collection of 26,613 associated cell markers in 257 conditions and 387 tissues across 34 species. Based on 4,299 publications and single-cell transcriptomic profiles of ∼3.5 million cells, Cell Taxonomy features multifaceted characterization for cell types and cell markers, involving quality assessment of cell markers and cell clusters, cross-species comparison, cell composition of tissues and cellular similarity based on markers. Taken together, Cell Taxonomy represents a fundamentally useful reference to systematically and accurately characterize cell types and thus lays an important foundation for deeply understanding and exploring cellular biology in diverse species.
A ‘Moore's law’ for fibers enables intelligent fabrics
Authors: Qian Shengtai , Liu Mingyang , Dou Yuhai , Fink Yoel , Yan Wei
Published: September 2022

Fabrics are an indispensable part of our everyday life. They provide us with protection, offer privacy and form an intimate expression of ourselves through their esthetics. Imparting functionality at the fiber level represents an intriguing path toward innovative fabrics with a hitherto unparalleled functionality and value. The fiber technology based on thermal drawing of a preform, which is identical in its materials and geometry to the final fiber, has emerged as a powerful platform for the production of exquisite fibers with prerequisite composition, geometric complexity and control over feature size. A ‘Moore's law’ for fibers is emerging, delivering higher forms of function that are important for a broad spectrum of practical applications in healthcare, sports, robotics, space exploration, etc. In this review, we survey progress in thermally drawn fibers and devices, and discuss their relevance to ‘smart’ fabrics. A new generation of fabrics that can see, hear and speak, sense, communicate, harvest and store energy, as well as store and process data is anticipated. We conclude with a critical analysis of existing challenges and opportunities currently faced by thermally drawn fibers and fabrics that are expected to become sophisticated platforms delivering value-added services for our society.
Mysticism in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity
Authors: Kim Hwankyu
Published: September 2022

The term “mysticism” is a modern scholarly category, not an ancient concept. Although the etymology of the term “mysticism” (from the Greek word myeo [“to be initiated”]) has roots in Greek mystery cults, ancient people did not use the term to describe their religious experiences. “Mysticism” is rather an etic term, a modern analytic tool for investigating a cluster of religious phenomena in ancient literature. In early Jewish and Christian literatures, mysticism refers to religious experiences which embody the act of revelation itself, an encounter with God. Since only written records are available to us, the modern reader has no direct access to ancient religious experiences. Nevertheless, the value of these mystical texts is that they contain diverse projections and reflections of ancient authors’ beliefs and of their desire to understand a reality beyond the human realm and to experience a direct connection with a transcendent God. This connection is accessed either through ecstatic experiences or particular praxes, often resulting in the transformation of the mystics and the attainment of esoteric knowledge. Scriptural interpretation plays a pivotal role in the development of early Jewish and Christian mystical texts. On the basis of foundational scriptures, especially Genesis 1–3; Exodus 24 and 33; Ezekiel 1, 8, 10, and 40–48; Isaiah 6; and Daniel 7, ancient Jewish and Christian writers competed to explain certain biblical motifs and reinterpret them within particular sociocultural situations. The common mystical themes shared in both early Jewish and Christian literature include visions of an anthropomorphic God, stories about heavenly ascent, revelations of hidden secrets, angelic adjurations and liturgies, and transformative divine encounters. The range of materials brought to bear on early Jewish and Christian mysticism include Jewish apocalyptic and pseudepigraphic texts, Hellenistic Jewish Texts, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the New Testament, early Christian literature, Gnostic Texts, and Hekhalot Literature. This chronological order does not indicate a linear progression toward a discrete tradition; rather, the varied application of similar themes and literary forms represents the diverse nature of Jewish and Christian mystical traditions.
Recent advances in small-molecular therapeutics for COVID-19
Authors: Zhong Lei , Zhao Zhipeng , Peng Xuerun , Zou Jun , Yang Shengyong
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a fundamental challenge to global health. Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, great efforts have been made to identify antiviral strategies and develop therapeutic drugs to combat the disease. There are different strategies for developing small molecular anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, including targeting coronavirus structural proteins (e.g. spike protein), non-structural proteins (nsp) (e.g. RdRp, Mpro, PLpro, helicase, nsp14, and nsp16), host proteases (e.g. TMPRSS2, cathepsin, and furin) and the pivotal proteins mediating endocytosis (e.g. PIKfyve), as well as developing endosome acidification agents and immune response modulators. Favipiravir and chloroquine are the anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents that were identified earlier in this epidemic and repurposed for COVID-19 clinical therapy based on these strategies. However, their efficacies are controversial. Currently, three small molecular anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, remdesivir, molnupiravir, and Paxlovid (PF-07321332 plus ritonavir), have been granted emergency use authorization or approved for COVID-19 therapy in many countries due to their significant curative effects in phase III trials. Meanwhile, a large number of promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates have entered clinical evaluation. The development of these drugs brings hope for us to finally conquer COVID-19. In this account, we conducted a comprehensive review of the recent advances in small molecule anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents according to the target classification. Here we present all the approved drugs and most of the important drug candidates for each target, and discuss the challenges and perspectives for the future research and development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
Symbiotic Nodule Development and Efficiency in the Medicago truncatula Mtefd-1 Mutant Is Highly Dependent on Sinorhizobium Strains
Authors: Jardinaud Marie-Françoise , Carrere Sebastien , Gourion Benjamin , Gamas Pascal
Published: September 2022

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) can play a key role in agroecosystems to reduce the negative impact of nitrogen fertilizers. Its efficiency is strongly affected by the combination of bacterial and plant genotypes, but the mechanisms responsible for the differences in the efficiency of rhizobium strains are not well documented. In Medicago truncatula, SNF has been mostly studied using model systems, such as M. truncatula A17 in interaction with Sinorhizobium meliloti Sm2011. Here we analyzed both the wild-type (wt) A17 and the Mtefd-1 mutant in interaction with five S. meliloti and two Sinorhizobium medicae strains. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR REQUIRED FOR NODULE DIFFERENTIATION (MtEFD) encodes a transcription factor, which contributes to the control of nodule number and differentiation in M. truncatula. We found that, in contrast to Sm2011, four strains induce functional (Fix+) nodules in Mtefd-1, although less efficient for SNF than in wt A17. In contrast, the Mtefd-1 hypernodulation phenotype is not strain-dependent. We compared the plant nodule transcriptomes in response to SmBL225C, a highly efficient strain with A17, versus Sm2011, in wt and Mtefd-1 backgrounds. This revealed faster nodule development with SmBL225C and early nodule senescence with Sm2011. These RNA sequencing analyses allowed us to identify candidate plant factors that could drive the differential nodule phenotype. In conclusion, this work shows the value of having a set of rhizobium strains to fully evaluate the biological importance of a plant symbiotic gene.
Inequality in the availability of residential air conditioning across 115 US metropolitan areas
Authors: Romitti Yasmin , Sue Wing Ian , Spangler Keith R , Wellenius Gregory A
Published: September 2022

Continued climate change is increasing the frequency, severity, and duration of populations’ high temperature exposures. Indoor cooling is a key adaptation, especially in urban areas, where heat extremes are intensified—the urban heat island effect (UHI)—making residential air conditioning (AC) availability critical to protecting human health. In the United States, the differences in residential AC prevalence from one metropolitan area to another is well understood, but its intra-urban variation is poorly characterized, obscuring neighborhood-scale variability in populations’ heat vulnerability and adaptive capacity. We address this gap by constructing empirically derived probabilities of residential AC for 45,995 census tracts across 115 metropolitan areas. Within cities, AC is unequally distributed, with census tracts in the urban “core” exhibiting systematically lower prevalence than their suburban counterparts. Moreover, this disparity correlates strongly with multiple indicators of social vulnerability and summer daytime surface UHI intensity, highlighting the challenges that vulnerable urban populations face in adapting to climate-change driven heat stress amplification.
Reading the Ottoman Empire: Intertextuality and Experience in Henry Blount’s Voyage into the Levant (1636)
Authors: Din-Kariuki Natalya
Published: September 2022

The English traveller Henry Blount (1602–1682), author of A Voyage into the Levant (1636), is renowned for attempting to view the Ottoman Empire with an open mind and to understand it on its own terms. Scholars of the Voyage have examined Blount’s attitude to cultural difference, as well as his relationship to emerging discourses of empiricism, especially the works of Francis Bacon. This essay argues that the cultural politics and philosophical outlook of the Voyage are fundamentally connected to, and, in some cases, problematized by, Blount’s intertextual strategies. It shows that Blount’s digestion of his reading shapes his theoretical approach to travel, including his understanding of perception, cognition, and experience, and is central to his description of the Ottoman Empire. As well as identifying Blount’s borrowings from and paraphrases of writings by Bacon, Michel de Montaigne, George Sandys, and, indirectly, Aristotle, my argument demonstrates that early modern travel writing offers an especially striking example of the parallels between observation and reading that characterize the writings of the period more generally.
Trends in prevalence of short sleep duration and trouble sleeping among US adults, 2005–2018
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Rossheim Matthew E , Nandy Rajesh R
Published: September 2022

Study Objectives

To determine trends in prevalence of short sleep duration and trouble sleeping among US adults from 2005 to 2018, and to assess how sleep trends vary by sex and race/ethnicity.

Methods

Seven cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2005–2006 and 2017–2018 were analyzed. Trouble sleeping and sleep duration were self reported. Short sleep duration was defined as sleep duration ≤6 hr. Age-standardized prevalence of reporting trouble sleeping to a health care provider and short sleep duration were estimated among the overall US adult population, and by sex and race/ethnicity.

Results

From 2005 to 2014, the age-adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration remained similar in the overall population (p for trend >0.05). Non-Hispanic Black people had the highest prevalence of short sleep duration among all race/ethnicity groups in all seven cycles. The prevalence of short sleep duration appears lower in 2015–2018 than in 2005–2014 due to different measurement methods applied. However, from 2005 to 2018, there were increasing trends in age-adjusted prevalence of reporting trouble sleeping to a health care provider in the overall population, among both men and women, and all race/ethnicity groups (p for trend <0.05). Among all the race/ethnicity groups, non-Hispanic White people had the highest prevalence of reporting trouble sleeping to a healthcare provider.

Conclusion

Findings depict the persistence of sleep-related issues in the United States and possible risk factors, as well as racial disparities.
Open Posterior Reduction and Stabilization of AO Spine C3 Sacral Fractures
Authors: Kobbe Philipp , Schroeder Gregory D. , Schnake Klaus J. , Benneker Lorin M. , Lambrechts Mark , Hildebrand Frank , Sellei Richard M.
Published: September 2022

AO Spine C3 sacral fractures are defined by separation of the spine including S1 from the pelvic ring and are usually result of a high-energy injury. Besides their high biomechanical instability and high rate of associated neurological impairment, these fractures are often extremely difficult to reduce due to severe bony impaction and dislocation. Additional difficulties in management of these fractures arise from only a thin-layer of soft-tissue coverage overlying the injured area.
Pharmacodynamic Model-Based Safety Management of Eribulin-Induced Myelosuppression in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Kasai Hidefumi , Poppenberg Kim Linda , Fermanelli Valentina , Otani Yuki , Tanigawara Yusuke
Published: September 2022

Background:

Neutropenia is a major dose-limiting toxicity of cancer chemotherapy. Semimechanistic mathematical models have been applied to describe the time course of neutrophil counts. The objectives of this study were to develop a mathematical model describing changes in neutrophil counts during eribulin treatment, to apply the empirical Bayes method to predict the probability of developing neutropenia ≥ grade 3 during eribulin treatment in each patient, and to propose the implementation of this mathematical tool in clinical practice for individual safety management.

Methods:

The present model analysis and subsequent external evaluation were performed using the data of 481 patients with breast cancer, previously obtained from a postmarketing surveillance (training set) and a phase 2 clinical study (validation set). The model we previously reported (Kawamura et al 2018) was modified to improve its predictive capability. The individual time course of neutrophil changes during the treatment period was predicted by the empirical Bayes method using the observed neutrophil counts at baseline and the first measurement after the first eribulin dose. To evaluate the predictability of this method, the predicted neutrophil counts were compared with those of the observed values.

Results:

The developed model provided good individual predictions, as indicated by the goodness-of-fit plots between the predicted and observed neutrophil counts, especially for a lower neutrophil count range. Days required to reach the nadir after the dose were also well-predicted. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the prediction of neutropenia grade ≥3 were 76%, 53%, and 71%, respectively.

Conclusions:

We developed a mathematical method for predicting and managing the risk of neutropenia during eribulin treatment. This method is generally applicable to other cases of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and can be a new practical tool for individual safety management.
Whole-Genome Promoter Profiling of Plasma Cell-Free DNA Exhibits Predictive Value for Preterm Birth
Authors: Guo Zhiwei , Wang Ke , Huang Xiang , Li Kun , Ouyang Guojun , Yang Xu , Tan Jiayu , Shi Haihong , Luo Liangping , Zhang Xincai , Zhang Min , Han Bowei , Zhai Xiangming , Wu Yingsong , Yang Fang , Yang Xuexi , Tang Jia
Published: September 2022

Preterm birth (PTB) occurs in around 11% of all births worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality for both mothers and offspring. Identification of pregnancies at risk of preterm birth in early pregnancy may help improve intervention and reduce its incidence. However, there exist few methods for PTB prediction developed with large sample size, high throughput screening and validation in independent cohorts. Here, we established a large-scale, multi-center, and case-control study that included 2,590 pregnancies (2,072 full-term and 518 preterm pregnancies) from three independent hospitals to develop a preterm birth classifier. We implemented whole-genome sequencing on their plasma cfDNA and then their promoter profiling (read depth spanning from −1 KB to +1 KB around the transcriptional start site) was analyzed. Using three machine learning models and two feature selection algorithms, classifiers for predicting preterm delivery were developed. Among them, a classifier based on the support vector machine model and backward algorithm, named PTerm (Promoter profiling classifier for pretermprediction), exhibited the largest AUC value of 0.878 (0.852–0.904) following LOOCV cross-validation. More importantly, PTerm exhibited good performance in three independent validation cohorts and achieved an overall AUC of 0.849 (0.831–0.866). Taken together, PTerm could be based on current noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) data without changing its procedure or adding detection cost, which can be easily adapted for preclinical tests.