bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestão Hospitalar: os desafios na implementação com qualidade
Authors: Bandeira Jessianie Aparecida Ávila , Bandeira Marconde Ávila
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo mostrar os desafios da gestão com qualidade na prestação de serviços da área hospitalar que faz parte do nível hierárquico terciário da Rede de Atenção em Saúde Especializada de Média e Alta Complexidade. Realizamos revisão bibliográfica nos sites da Organização Nacional de Acreditação (ONA), da Associação Beneficente de Assistência Social Hospitalar (Pró-Saúde), do Google e em livros específicos da área. A estrutura do artigo traz quatro tópicos: 1) Introdução; 2) Resultados e discussões; 3) Considerações finais e nossas referências. É possível constatarmos no Brasil o sucesso da busca por entendimento entre as partes envolvidas na área hospitalar, pois tem sido crescente o reconhecimento de instituições que tem êxito nos processos de acreditação.
Um olhar sensível das crianças sobre o espaço-ambiente e suas interlocuções com o protagonismo infantil
Authors: De Oliveira Marta Regina Furlan , Farias Fernanda Dias
Published: April 2021

Este estudo objetiva refletir acerca do espaço na educação infantil, tecendo um olhar crítico sobre os espaços físicos e ambientes e suas interlocuções com o protagonismo da criança pré-escolar. Esta pesquisa se justifica, uma vez que é preciso pensar sobre o ambiente educativo na educação infantil, bem como refletir sobre a organização desses espaços na promoção da aprendizagem e desenvolvimento integral infantil. De modo formal, é um recorte do Trabalho de Conclusão do Curso de Pedagogia e das atividades de Iniciação Científica – bolsa Capes/CNPq nos anos de 2018 a 2020 na Universidade Estadual de Londrina. A metodologia é uma pesquisa qualitativa, com estudo bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo com estudo de caso com crianças de 5 anos da pré-escola de dois Centros de Educação Infantil públicos do Município de Londrina, Paraná, totalizando a participação de 10 (dez) crianças. Os dados da pesquisa foram os registros de imagem feitos pelas crianças, com uso da fotografia e gravação de suas falas, com uso de um roteiro semiestruturado. Os resultados direcionam para a participação da criança na organização dos espaços na educação infantil, de modo que estes se transformem em ambiente humanamente adequados para as descobertas e experiências do conhecimento pelas crianças. Nesse sentido, a criança, enquanto protagonista no espaço, tem possibilidades de interação com o ambiente, enriquecendo seu processo de construção do conhecimento e aprendizagem.
Análise das condições de acessibilidade de rota turística a pé em Porto Alegre/ RS
Authors: Limão Ilmara Pinheiro , Cardoso Eduardo , Da Silva Fabio Pinto , Corrêa Ygor
Published: April 2021

A acessibilidade é um fator essencial em uma sociedade igualitária, devendo garantir o acesso e a qualidade de vida a todos, incluindo as pessoas com deficiências ou mobilidade reduzida. Nessa perspectiva e com base na realidade observada em pesquisa exploratória sobre o turismo acessível em Porto Alegre, foi realizada a análise das condições de acessibilidade física de uma das rotas turísticas a pé da Diretoria de Turismo de Porto Alegre/RS, denominada ‘Cruzando o paralelo 30˚: Cidade Baixa’. Na análise, buscou-se identificar se esses locais são acessíveis ao público com deficiência física ou mobilidade reduzida. Os atrativos avaliados no estudo foram os pontos de visitação da rota turística elaborada pela referida Diretoria da Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Econômico. Para a consecução do objetivo proposto foram realizadas pesquisas de caráter bibliográfico, documental e experimental. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos pontos turísticos analisados ainda possuem problemas em relação à acessibilidade e, por vezes, eram totalmente inacessíveis. Diante do exposto, o estudo visa colaborar para que sejam adotadas medidas visando  promover a acessibilidade nas rotas e atrativos turísticos de Porto Alegre, uma vez que estão diretamente relacionados à história da cidade, e, por isso, devem estar aptos a receber tanto os turistas como os moradores que enfrentam qualquer dificuldade de mobilidade.
Teorías, métodos y modelos para la complejidad social
Authors: Lara-Rosano Felipe de Jesús , Gallardo Cano Alejandro , Almanza Márquez Silvia Irene
Published: April 2021

Nuestros problemas sociales, económicos y políticos son difíciles de abordar con los enfoques reduccionistas tradicionales, y su tratamiento mediante el análisis teórico tradicional y las teorías asociadas de planeación y administración lineales es muy limitado. Para enfrentar estos retos, nuestros sistemas sociales deben enfocarse como sistemas dinámicos no lineales, interactivos, capaces de adaptación, aprendizaje e innovación y con una tendencia a estructurarse en redes complejas. El objetivo de este libro es abordar de manera rigurosa los conceptos, métodos y técnicas del enfoque de los sistemas complejos al análisis, la planeación y la gestión de sistemas sociales desde el punto de vista de las ciencias de la complejidad y de las nuevas teorías sociales; y cómo aplicar las técnicas de modelado computacional de sistemas dinámicos con el fin de explorar nuevos métodos, modelos y técnicas para mejorar tanto el diagnóstico como la intervención para resolver problemas complejos de carácter social, dando las bases de una metametodología de la complejidad social y apoyar la formación de recursos humanos capacitados en el enfoque de los sistemas complejos.
The polarity asymmetry of negative strengthening: dissociating adjectival polarity from facethreatening potential
Authors: Mazzarella Diana , Gotzner Nicole
Published: April 2021

The interpretation of negated antonyms is characterised by a polarity asymmetry: the negation of a positive polarity antonym (X is not interesting) is more likely to be strengthened to convey its opposite (‘X is uninteresting’) than the negation of a negative polarity antonym (X is not uninteresting to convey that ‘X is interesting’) is. A classical explanation of this asymmetry relies on face-management. Since the predication of a negative polarity antonym (X is uninteresting) is potentially face-threatening in most contexts, the negation of the corresponding positive polarity antonym (X is not interesting) is more likely to be interpreted as an indirect strategy to minimise face-threat while getting the message across. We present two experimental studies in which we test the predictions of this explanation. In contrast with it, our results show that adjectival polarity, but not face-threatening potential, appears to be responsible for the asymmetric interpretation of negated antonyms.
Teaching the Creation of Batik Motifs to Foreign Students through Distance Learning
Authors: Wibawanto Wandah , Triyanto Triyanto , Cahyono Agus , Rohendi Tjetjep R.
Published: April 2021

Implementing short courses on the complex process of batik creation for foreign students, which have to be conducted online due to the COVID-19 pandemic, presents a challenge. Therefore, this research aims to explore the implementation of batik art practices that involve online learning and digital technology. This study entails an online course involving twenty-six (26) foreign students to provide empirical evidence about the practical procedure for making batik motifs with digital applications. Consequently, it confirmed that the artistic practice of making batik motifs can be tought online, and participants can effectively make these designs by employing the Dbatik application.
Evaluation of the Utilization of Food Support Schemes in Urban Poor Population in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
Authors: Sharma Divita , Khapre Meenakshi , Kaushal Pawna
Published: April 2021

The rapid emergence of rural agglomeration in urban areas has resulted in increased number of slum areas, which are highly vulnerable to food insecurity. There is a dearth of literature and evidence on food insecurity in such areas. The present study was thus aimed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity at household level in urban poor settlements of Rishikesh and the extent of utilization of food support schemes. Methodology: It was a mixed method study carried out in the households of urban poor region of Rishikesh. Each respondent was selected from a set inclusion criteria and interviewed using a questionnaire for sociodemographic factors and food insecurity through Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Results: Out of 100 households that were assessed, 52% were food insecure, out of which 20% were severely food insecure and 4% mildly food insecure. A significant association was seen between prevalence of food insecurity and lower socioeconomic status (SES). Conclusion: More than half of the households were found to be food insecure during COVID-19 lockdown in spite of fair coverage of various food support schemes. There should be more research regarding the persistent issue of food insecurity even after a large coverage of the food support schemes.
The Relationship Between Information & Communication Technology and Foreign Direct Investment Inflow to Africa
Authors: Warsame Abdisalan Salad
Published: April 2021

This paper examined the relationship between the increasing Information & Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure in Africa and foreign direct investment inflow to Africa using panel data sourced from ITU and WDI over 17 years (1998-2014). The paper applies both the fixed-effect and difference-in-differences models. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between FDI inflow and ICT level in the host country.  The surge in ICT infrastructure in 2009 has substantially increased the FDI inflow to Africa. This increase in FDI inflow was more in the countries that have access to the sea than the countries that have no access to the sea. In other words, the average scale change in FDI inflow to the countries with no access to the sea is smaller than the countries with the coastline.
Retail Banking and Bank Performance: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Barida Biiranee Kelvin Friday
Published: April 2021

This is a correlational research design that intended to examine the nexus between retail banking and financial performance of banks in Nigeria. The Panel Least Squares regression results aided the study in ascertaining the coefficient, standard error, t-statistic and probability. The tabulated ratios were exported to EViews 9.0 to run the panel regression. Data were collected and analyzed based on the annual reports available on the website of 16 banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 31st December 2018 out of the approved 22 commercial banks in Nigeria. The result of findings revealed that Size and Competition significantly impacted on bank performance with a probability of 0.0071 and 0.0178 respectively which is less than 5% degree of significance; and Loans and deposits relationships were all not significantly impacting on bank performance, as the probabilities for all variables were more than the acceptable 5% degree of significance. Based on the outcome of findings the following conclusions were drawn that; Size which is the natural logarithm of Total Assets and Competition which is the natural logarithm of Total Deposit is significantly responsible for bank performance in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that professional bankers should continually focus on growth and expansion drive that will increase the size of the bank and enable the banks to compete nationally and internationally in order to drive profitability. Banks that want to experience optimum performance should focus more on policies that will attract huge retail deposit to the bank being that the savings component of the total deposit banks in Nigeria comes at a ridiculously cheap rate to the banks and banks loaned out these deposits at high margin.
Further Evidence on Asymmetry in the Impact of Oil Price on Exchange Rate and Stock Price in China using Daily Data
Authors: Ahmed Nazeer , Dingchou Ma , Qayyum Abdul
Published: April 2021

The role of oil price on the macro-economy has been intensely researched. However, oil remains one of the most important energy sources for production. Concerning China, there are projections that the country’s energy consumption would have risen to 18 billion barrels per day in the next two decades. Given China’s heavy reliance on oil, we reexamine the impact of oil price on the US dollar-Renminbi rate and the Shanghai index using daily data from 4/01/2010 to 29/03/2021. In our analysis, we apply the Nonlinear ARDL technique in the presence of structural breaks and find that oil price has asymmetric impact on exchange rate and stock price in the short-run alone. However, the asymmetry is only in terms of magnitude and not in terms of effect direction. Oil price is found to appreciate the Renminbi vis-à-vis the US dollar and to increase stock price significantly both in the short-run. We find that accounting for structural breaks is necessary for cointegration in using oil price to explain both variables.
Hypothetical Soil Thresholds for Biological Effects of Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Bengtsson Gunnar
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Anthropogenic exposures to rare earth elements are poorly known and there is limited information on their toxicity and ecotoxicity. At the same time, world production of rare earth elements has doubled every 15 years over the last half-century, and high environmental concentrations of gadolinium and lanthanum have already been found. The current review aims to give some estimates of overall exposures and an initial in-depth appraisal of thresholds for effects on agricultural soil. The results are envisaged to be used in initial assessments of agricultural soil where the natural concentrations have been anthropogenically enhanced.

Methods: An extensive review has been made of available scientific literature. Criteria have been established for the selection and analysis of eligible research. For instance, only effects on soils with vegetation have been included in the assessment of biological effects. A species sensitivity distribution based on 25% inhibition of organism functions has been used to establish thresholds for effects on soil organisms.

Results: Around the year 2000, mean anthropogenic contributions of lanthanides in European soil regions were at most a few per cent of the total soil content. Since then, they should have increased considerably. The proposed hypothetical threshold for agricultural soils is 1125 mg total rare earth element per kg of soil. This threshold is about 8 times the natural soil concentration.

Conclusions: If this result holds up to scrutiny, it implies that general anthropogenic pollution by rare earth elements will not be a threat to agricultural sustainability for the coming generation. A preliminary assessment suggests that this threshold would also protect humans from adverse effects due to secondary exposure.
Genetic Diversity in Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir.: A Multipurpose Plant Genetic Resource of Semiarid Brazil
Authors: Silva Lorena S. , Simplício Renata R. , Arruda Sendi R. , Pereira Derval G. , Castro Milene Maria S. , Waldschmidt Ana Maria
Published: April 2021

Caatinga is the third largest biome in Brazil but little is known about the species diversity from this biotic community, despite of its social, economic and environmental importance for the semiarid region. Among the several typical plant species from Caatinga, Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (black jurema) stands out because it plays a major role in the maintenance of this ecosystem, besides being widely used to recover degraded areas. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structural analysis from 10 populations of M. tenuiflora from the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, using 10 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. A total of 117 fragments were obtained from 218 individuals with a mean number of 11.8 bands per primer. The mean population polymorphism was 85.0%, while the values of genetic diversity (He) and the Shannon index (I) were equal to 0.295 and 0.442, respectively. Most of genetic variation was observed (87.0%) but high FST values were observed (0.132), indicating the populations are genetically differentiated. Bayesian inference using Structure divided the populations into two groups while Geneland indicated five clusters that could be related to the fragmentation of Caatinga and to constraints in the dispersal of pollen and seeds. In conclusion, M. tenuiflora presents high levels of genetic diversity and natural populations might serve as potential sources for management and reforestation of degraded areas in Caatinga.
Tropical Viticulture Diagnosis in the North and Northwest Fluminense
Authors: Silva Jaomara Nascimento da , Ponciano Niraldo José , Souza Paulo Marcelo , Souza Claudio Luiz Melo de , Viana Leandro Hespanhol , Silva Marcelo Geraldo de Morais , Alfaiate Marcela Brite , Bila Carla Roberta Ferraz Carvalho , Daher Rogério Figueiredo , Gravina Geraldo de Amaral
Published: April 2021

Viticulture has proved to be an alternative for farmers in the northen and northwestern Rio de Janeiro State; however, the activity is still very recent and requires the development of agronomic and managerial techniques. Therefore, the objective of this work was to diagnose the production areas and the characteristics inherent to the inner and outer environment of this farming enterprise. It was observed that the grape-growing farms predominate in an average area of 1 hectare, with productivity between 20 and 25 t/ha, with offer in the harvest and in the off-season. The inner points are stronger than the weak ones, and can be adjusted with the joint execution of the viticulturists allied to the opportunities, such as agrotourism and the diversification of available cultivars that allow a greater offer of the product and minimize the inherent threats observed, such as climatic variations and the shortage of skilled labor. These identified points may indicate competitiveness strategies for the wine market in the studied regions.
Mapping and Environmental Diagnosis in Native Acai Areas in the Amazon
Authors: Soares Daniele Cristina de Brito Lima , Lima Herdjania Veras , Araújo Suzana Romeiro , Torres Lorena Chagas , Santos Antônio Clementino dos
Published: April 2021

For several decades, the Acai orchards (acaizais) have directly influenced the survival of the families in the Amazonian floodplains. In this period, the production of the Acai fruit for local consumption was ceased and became an export item produced in intensive management, resulting in an increase in orchards in the floodplains and the emergence of dryland plantations, no longer representing a typical extractive activity in the Amazon. The objective of this study was to map the classes of use and coverage, and the occurrences of the Acai orchards massifs, as well as to analyze the physical and chemical parameters of five islands in the municipality of Igarapé-Miri, State of Pará, Brazil, where there is a great occurrence of productive Acai orchards. This work evaluated the following islands: Jarimbu, Mamangal, Itaboca, Mutirão, and Buçu, where geolocalized collections were carried out in the areas with the highest occurrence of Acai orchards, both to assist in the classification of images and for soil sampling. August 2019 Planet images were processed using the unsupervised method, where seven classes of cover use were obtained: hydrography, exposed soil, urban, alluvial, lowland, arboreal, and agriculture areas. Therefore, occurrences of productive orchards were identified and correlated to the good attributes of soil fertility in the floodplains under continuous flooding and sedimentation. The correlation confirmed the higher productivity of Acai in the Alluvial and Lowland classes, which predominate in the evaluated area, presenting soils considered fertile with a loam-clay-silty and loam -silty texture, high base saturation (greater than 50%), high organic matter content, and significant presence of potassium and phosphorus.
Impact of Recapitalisation and Development Programme on Performance of Land Reform Beneficiary Farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Shabangu T. , Ngidi M. S. C. , Ojo T. O. , Babu S. C.
Published: April 2021

Providing appropriate post-settlement support to farmers is crucial for sustainable development of smallholder agriculture in South Africa. In unravelling this, the South Africa’s Recapitalization and Development Programme (RADP) was initiated. Hence, this study analysed the impact of RADP on performance of land reform beneficiary farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select (n = 264) respondents for the study. Accounting for endogeneity issues in RADP assessments and its impact on the performance of land reform farmers, an endogenous switching regression model (ESRM) was employed. In the same vein, a doubly-robust inverse probability weighted regression adjustment was used as credible remedy for potentially biased estimates of ATT and POM of endogenous treatment model. The main findings revealed that tax compliance, secondary organization, legal entity, farm potential income at acquisition, farmers receiving third party assistance and strategic partnership were statistically significant in influencing the participation of farmers in RADP. Mentorship remains an extremely challenging element in post-settlement. However, through the strategic partnership of RADP farmers had likelihood to improve the farm and increase farm income. The results of the suggest that the RADP can contribute to a deep process of change and empowerment of farmers. In the same vein, strategic partnership of RADP is likely to improve the farmers’ performance. Therefore, there is a need to strongly improve mentorship and strategic partnership programme to encourage participation of land reform farmers in the support programmes.
De lucht geklaard … Aan de slag met resultaatgerichte grenswaarden voor industriële emissies om 50% reductie te bereiken in 2030
Authors: Borgers H.C. (Harm) , Molendijk R. (Roos)
Published: April 2021

De lucht geklaard … Aan de slag met resultaatgerichte grenswaarden voor industriële emissies om 50% reductie te bereiken in 2030

Schone lucht is van levensbelang maar niet vanzelfsprekend, doordat veel menselijke activiteiten de lucht verontreinigen. In het recente Schone Lucht Akkoord is een afspraak gemaakt om de luchtkwaliteit in Nederland permanent te verbeteren. De vraag is hoe dat doorwerkt in de normstelling voor milieubelastende activiteiten door bedrijven, als een van de bronnen van de luchtverontreiniging. Dit artikel bespreekt de mogelijkheden van de Omgevingswet om emissiegrenswaarden te stellen die zo veel mogelijk is bijdragen aan het oogmerk van gezondheid en een schoon milieu. Daarmee wordt de relatie tussen de normering van industriële emissies en de beleidsdoelstelling in het Schone Lucht Akkoord gelegd.
Skeletal frailty at Kałdus, a medieval Poland early Piast dynasty cemetery
Authors: Tuggle Alexandra , Marklein Kathryn , Crews Douglas
Published: April 2021

The objective of this project is to assess skeletal frailty, as estimated using a skeletal frailty index (SFI), at the medieval Polish site of Kałdus to better evaluate the impacts of living and social environments on individuals within this urban­izing population. We assessed biological frailty in adults from the Global History of Health Project database. 11 skeletal and dentoalveolar biomarkers were selected as representative of childhood and adulthood frailty and aggregated into an SFI by summing their occurrence in each individual. Cumulative skeletal frailty scores were tabulated for each individ­ual and could range from 0 (no skeletal markers of stressors present) to 11 (all skeletal markers of stressors present) based on the presence or severity of lifetime stressors that altered their living bones. As many skeletal frailty markers correlate with age, SFIs were compared between individuals within specific age groups: 18–25 (n = 21), 26–35 (n = 31), 36–45 (n = 31), and >45 (n = 25) years. In the overall sample, SFI averaged 4.13 (range 0–9, sd = 1.98). Among males (n = 56), SFI averaged 4.45 (sd = 1.90; range 1–8); among females (n=52), it was 3.79 (sd = 2.03; range 0–9). SFI was lowest in the youngest age group, 2.38 (sd = 1.83; range 0–6) and highest in the oldest, 5.48 (sd = 1.50; range 2–9; p < 0.001). In these medieval skeletons, SFI distributions were significantly different between males and females only when accounting for age (p = 0.044), with females exhibiting higher mean frailty within each age group. Skeletal frailty, as estimated from biomarkers of skeletal stress, suggests these individuals were exposed to considerable stress throughout their lives. As Poland’s written history in the medieval period is sparse, assessing skeletal frailty provides an alternative way to under­stand the lives and experienced stressors of its inhabitants. Further research connecting skeletal frailty to burial context and isotopic evidence will illuminate connections of SFI with diet, lifestyle, and health in medieval Poland.
An anthropological view of nutrition and art in wider area of Selška valley, Slovenia
Authors: Vidovič Maruška , Jelenc Marjetka
Published: April 2021

The paper presents nutrition as a fundamental biological function in connection with art from wider Škofjeloško-Selška area on the examples of medieval wall paintings-frescoes, painted beehive panels and examples of folk art such as small breads, Dražgoše breads and some other folk arts related to nutrition. The study on nutrition and art was included in the multi-year project Research of the Population Structures of Slovenia, with which we determine the types of populations, the direction of their development, their ecological, genetic and other effects, as well as their interactions.
Application of EU Law on Equal Treatment in Poland. État de choses in 2020
Authors: Górski Marcin
Published: April 2021

After more than sixteen years of Poland’s membership in the EU, Polish equality law is far from the principle of effectiveness. The institutional setting is weak and the case-law is mostly disappointing. Within the last five years, state authorities have made significant efforts to deprive anti-discrimination instruments of practical effect - which was infamously demonstrated by e.g. the so-called “LGBT-free zones”. This article explores major areas of equality law in Poland (e.g. the Labour Code, penal law, and administrative law) in order to analyse the case-law and the functioning of the institutional mechanisms. The conclusion is that in practice Polish law does not assure full implementation of EU equality law.
Auswirkung der letzten Gesetzesänderungen auf Energiepreise für Haushalte in Polen
Authors: Jaś-Nowopolska Magdalena
Published: April 2021

The liberalization of the electricity market, in terms of creating a guarantee of free choice of energy supplier for the consumer, requires public authorities to intervene in the prices of energy transmission and distribution services. However, the question is how much intervention is necessary and in what situations it can occur. This article looks at the regulation of household electricity prices in Poland (tariff setting) and then, by presenting the legislative changes in 2018 and 2019, shows how much state intervention in the Polish electricity market has come to pass since then, in particular, intervention in the setting of energy prices. The article assesses these measures and analyses the provisions of the Act on the compensation of energy companies by a state fund in relation to state aid issues. It also attempts to answer the question of whether the intervention was necessary or whether the President of the Energy Regulatory Office, within the scope of his powers, could have prevented the effects of a sudden increase in energy prices for households. The article also raises the question of the future of energy prices and raises questions about market disturbances.
Das neue Strafrecht
Authors: Kunz Karl-Ludwig
Published: April 2021

A new kind of penal law seems to emerge. Since the late 1970s, the idea of prevention has gained importance beyond the discussion of the purpose of a penalty for a specific offence. Penalizing is now understood as a reasonable action to avert prospectively anticipated dangers to society. Informal loss of control and mega-dangers demand more control through criminal law. Alongside technical prevention a striking penal attribution of responsibility is demanded. Thus, punishing becomes potentially excessive because it refers to an imaginary, not precisely assessable threat whose definite neutralization is sought. The search for the most comprehensive precaution possible favors the tendency to expand the scope and to tighten the sanctions of criminal law. On the other hand, the criminal prosecution becomes more flexible through practices of diversion, informal agreements, early and discreet dispositions of proceedings.
Verfassungsgebende Gewalt: Notwendiger Geltungsgrund der Verfassung oder irreführendes Dogma?
Authors: Hwang Shu-Perng
Published: April 2021

Although it is generally accepted that the validity of a democratic Constitution is based on the so-called constituent power of the people, the nature of this power in relation to the Constitution itself remains controversial. While some scholars repeatedly assert that the constituent power is unconstrained and therefore can be exercised arbitrarily, others contend that, in view of its irresolvable connection with the Constitution, the constituent power is by no means unlimited. Moreover, the debate on the relationship between the constituent power and the Constitution has attracted special attention in view of the trend of European integration. It is thus no surprise that, in its famous Lisbon decision, the German Constitutional Court also dealt with the question as to whether the constituent power of the German People is entitled to abandon the sovereign statehood of the Federal Republic of Germany through replacing the German Basic Law with a new Constitution. Nevertheless, whether the Court deemed the constituent power to be completely unconstrained is far from clear. On this account, this article offers a critical analysis of the reasoning of the Lisbon decision with regard to the nature and limits of the constituent power in light of the European integration. In particular, it argues that the Court’s opinion was based on the presupposition that the constituent power serves as an unchallengeable dogma. Such a presupposition is problematic precisely because it simply identifies the constituent power with the demonstration of the will of the people and thereby insists that both the justification and the interpretation of the Constitution are subject to the alleged will of the people, which though can never be verified as true. Ultimately, this article suggests that the widespread will-oriented understanding of the constituent power is to be replaced by the recognition that the validity of the Constitution is based on the legal fiction of a basic norm.
Steuerliche Behandlung der Einkünfte aus Korrekturtätigkeiten
Authors: von Sanden Philipp
Published: April 2021

In der juristischen Ausbildung werden studentische Klausuren oder Hausarbeiten üblicherweise von Wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitern/innen oder externen Korrekturassistenten/innen durchgesehen und bewertet. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die steuerliche Behandlung von Einkünften aus Korrekturtätigkeiten. Der Autor plädiert dafür, die Korrekturtätigkeit als eine steuerfreie „vergleichbare nebenberufliche Tätigkeit“ i.S.d. § 3 Nr. 26 EStG anzuerkennen sowie diese nach § 4 Nr. 21 lit. b und Nr. 26 UStG umsatzsteuerfrei zu stellen. Es wird herausgearbeitet, dass nicht alle Korrekturtätigkeiten steuerlich begünstigt sind. Insbesondere bei der Korrektur für Privatrepetitorien können sich Diskrepanzen zwischen der einkommensteuerlichen und der umsatzsteuerlichen Behandlung ergeben.
Was können die denn: Digitale Kompetenzen Studierender
Authors: Reynders Martin
Published: April 2021

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer Befragung zu digitalen Kompetenzen Studierender vor. Die Befragung wurde 2018 an der Universität zu Köln durchgeführt. Der Beitrag soll als Hilfestellung für die Erstellung digitaler Lernangebote dienen, indem die Kompetenzen und Erwartungen der Studierenden, die bei der Konzeption eine Rolle spielen sollten, herausgearbeitet werden.
Les Psilidae de France (Diptera : Acalyptrata) : checklist et clés de détermination des genres et des espèces
Authors: WITHERS† Phil , CLAUDE Jocelyn
Published: April 2021

L’examen de plus de 1300 spécimens actualise la situation à propos des Diptères de la famille des Psilidae. Une liste de la faune française (continentale) est proposée, accompagnée de clés de détermination illustrées des six genres et des 37 espèces françaises (avec cinq autres espèces potentielles). Pour le genre Chamaepsila, la clé présentée est provisoire. L’illustration des pièces génitales du mâle de Chamaepsila villosula est cependant inédite. Quelques éléments d’écologie (chorologie et habitats larvaire notamment) des espèces citées sont également détaillés à partir des éléments rassemblés dans la littérature.
Digital historical research and the repositioning of Africa in knowledge production
Authors: Kusena Bernard , Zhou Miriam
Published: April 2021

Africa�s historical knowledge production has exhibited promising signs of progress, particularly in strengthening the continent�s weak link in the global knowledge network. While such knowledge ought to intersect and interact with other bodies of knowledge from the rest of the world, the terrain is shifting quickly due to changing historical circumstances. This study deploys a case study of Zimbabwe to illustrate how the slow digital transformation in historical research has hindered efforts to confront the overarching question of constrained knowledge production in Africa. The over-reliance of economic history, archaeology, or history on the use of centralised state archives poses complex methodological challenges, particularly for the study of the recent African past. Despite the advantages offered by digital humanities, the research options for these disciplines continue to shrink in the face of serious discomfort by academics in embracing digital sources of data that complement paper-based archival evidence and re-gear the continent�s research performance. The article stresses that the sources of historical data, particularly on Africa�s post-colonial history, can be found in digital form outside state repositories.
Instagram as a tool for disseminating sustainable practices: an experience report
Authors: Freitas Yasmin Coelho de , Ferreira Francisco De Assis , Groner Carlos Eduardo Batista , Azevedo Igor Tristão , Bringhenti Jacqueline Rogéria , Korres Adriana Marcia Nicolau
Published: April 2021

The social isolation promoted by COVID-19 impacts the routine and habits of families with a reflection on the characteristics and generation of solid waste and consumption of natural resources. This situation has been identified as an opportunity for educational institutions to promote awareness actions with their internal and external community as a contribution to reduce such effects. In order to disseminate sustainable practices related to the daily life of the pandemic and to evaluate responses, the group of teachers and students developed activities which contributed to minimize the effects of the pandemic. The ease and speed of social media was used as a tool for actions. The methodological steps were: survey of the existing contents in the official networks of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo related to the topic of interest, the definition of the InstagramTM social network, profile creation for the Ifes Biotechnology and Sustainability Laboratory (Labiotecs), increase of followers, creation and dissemination of content and publications analysis. The work is based on the Deming Cycle methodology in order to optimize its planning and execution. Among the results, 179 followers on the profile were reached, 10 posts were shared in the feed, 4 questionnaires and 5 polls applied until 06/17/2020. The effectiveness of the work was shown through the reach of publications and public acceptance. Also, the Deming cycle proved to be adequate and capable of being replicated.
Measuring the satisfaction of residents of Mehregan township of Mashhad from sustainable housing perspective
Authors: Daime Kar Mohammad Reza , Ahmadian Mohammad Ali , Alizadeh Katayoun , Hataminezhad Hossein
Published: April 2021

Demographic developments in Mashhad and surrounding rural areas which are now considered urban break points It is well established that these areas have become centers of attraction for low-income immigrants who intend to migrate to Mashhad, as well as low-income urban strata that have previously lived in Mashhad. Since all four types of worn-out urban textures, including urban heritage, non-urban, marginal and rural urban textures, are the middle and lower decay habitats, "The 5000 unit project of Mehregan Town of Mashhad" has played an important role in the physical and functional organization of these tissues and responding to the needs of the poor. In view of the above, and several years after the project was inaugurated, the superstructure and infrastructure problems of the project are the subject of research in this research. The research method in this study was descriptive-analytical and applied. According to the number of households in the city that formed the statistical population of the study, and based on Cochran's formula, the sample population was 366 persons. Also, Delphi method has distributed 32 questionnaires to expert experts. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of completed questionnaires and experts has been done with the help of nonparametric and parametric statistical methods. The results of field surveys showed that the observed frequency of low-satisfaction residents was 222 and above all, so it is safe to say that 95% of respondents are not satisfied with their residence in Mehregan town. It is believed that the residential units constructed in Mehregan town of Mashhad have poor compliance with the standards and standards of sustainable housing.
Proposal of a holistic environmental metric based on environmental indicators
Authors: Finazzi Guilherme Antonio , Santos Vivianni Marques Leite
Published: April 2021

There is no doubt Sustainability reaching is essential. Natural resources rational use is extremely important to human development. Beyond the years, this preoccupation led various institutions to elaborate legislation and international guides, as Kyoto protocol, to satisfy sustainability conditions. Agenda 2030 is the most recent instrument, whose proposals attempt to these conditions. Within this context, human activity related to Chemistry is noteworthy: to guarantee all sustainable aspects in aprocedure is a great challenge. The assessment of Sustainability in Chemistry is performed by green metrics calculations, whose utility is most appropriate in comparison of procedures than in a single procedure assessment. Due to problematics with the utilization of metrics, related to: simplifications leading to pseudo-results, need of various misunderstanding calculations and incorrect adoption of metrics, an environmental metric that attempts to current necessities related to materials and energetics consumption and to assessment of sustainability in individual chemistry procedures is proposed. The metric was elaborated aiming to attempt all environmental requirements of chemical sustainability in a simplified and reliable manner, basing on bibliographic search and expertise. The metric elaboration has a combined approach, in which reference values are established to the main indicators of sustainability, using a Soft System Methodology (SSM).
Certification of Standard Reference Material 2686b Portland Cement Clinker
Authors: Stutzman Paul , Mundy Laura , Heckert Alan
Published: April 2021

A new Standard Reference Material (SRM) for portland cement clinker has been produced for the Office of Standard Reference Materials at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The SRM clinkers are intended for use in developing and testing quantitative methods of phase analysis for portland cement and cement clinker. The new SRM is one of three clinkers available representing the range of grain sizes and compositions of North American clinker production. SRM 2686b is a medium-grained, heterogeneous phase distribution clinker similar in phase composition and grain size to the original SRM 2686. Certification of phase abundance was accomplished using quantitative x-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with image analyses. These methods provide mutually unique means to establish phase abundance, which subsequently are combined to establish certified values and uncertainties. This clinker differs from the earlier SRMs by the presence of ?-C2S. Since SEM imaging does not distinguish between the ? and ? polymorphs of C2S, a certified value representing the combined mass fraction is provided and informational values are provided for the individual polymorph fractions. For alkali sulfates and free lime, phase abundance is established using a single method (XRD) so only informational values are provided. While the XRD data are close to that of microscopy, some distinct differences are seen. The disagreements may reflect the difficulty in resolving the fine-grained aluminate and ferrite interstitial phases using the microscope and challenges in decomposing highly overlapped powder diffraction data. The XRD data do display greater precision than replicate measurements by microscopy, likely the result of the specimen homogenization resulting from grinding the clinker to a powder. The certified reference values are consensus values, calculated by combining the results from both measurement techniques using the DerSimonian-Laird method with the standard uncertainties based upon the Horn-Horn-Duncan variance estimate. Reference values are best estimates based upon a single measurement technique. Reference values are provided for phases periclase, arcanite, aphthitalite, and lime from only the XRD data.
Plus facile à dire qu’à faire ? La prise en compte du contexte dans l’observation des pratiques enseignantes : l’exemple de l’enseignement des « Langues et culture polynésiennes » à Tahiti
Authors: Alletru Amélie , Salaün Marie
Published: April 2021

Cet article aborde l’impact du contexte local sur la mise en oeuvre d’un dispositif d’observation des pratiques enseignantes. Il explore les adaptations méthodologiques consenties dans le cadre d’une recherche collaborative en didactique professionnelle en Polynésie française. Cette recherche, visant à impliquer les enseignants dans l’analyse partagée de leur propre activité d’enseignement des « Langues et culture polynésiennes », a nécessité de prendre en considération leur contexte d’engagement pour réinventer un dispositif d’enquête répondant aux besoins du chercheur comme des professionnels, compte tenu de leur ancrage culturel respectif, autorisant un élargissement conceptuel du champ théorique au fondement de la démarche.
Des débats sur la religion en Huronie. Quand les évangélisateurs Gabriel Sagard et Jean de Brébeuf entrent en scène
Authors: Pioffet Marie-Christine
Published: April 2021

Le présent article étudie les affrontements théologiques dans l’Histoire du Canada de Gabriel Sagard publiée en 1636 et les deux Relations du pays des Hurons de 1635 et 1636 de Jean de Brébeuf. Il montre que, dans ces conversations, les deux missionnaires tentent de neutraliser ceux qui résistent à leur enseignement en ridiculisant les croyances et les réparties de leurs interlocuteurs hurons. Ces entretiens, d’évidence orientés afin de donner l’avantage aux Européens, constituent un moyen pour ces religieux d’obtenir à peu de frais une consécration missionnaire.
TAFONOMÍA ACTUALÍSTICA DE HUESOS DE ANFIBIOS PREDADOS POR STRIGIFORMES DEL CENTRO DE ARGENTINA. CONTRIBUCIONES PARA ESTUDIOS PALEONTOLÓGICOS Y ARQUEOLÓGICOS
Authors: Mignino Julián
Published: April 2021

Se presenta un análisis tafonómico comparativo de restos de anfibios recuperados en egagrópilas de aves rapaces Strigifomes provenientes del centro de Argentina, en la provincia de Córdoba: Tyto furcata, Megascops choliba y Athene cunicularia. El estudio se basó en el promedio de abundancia relativa de elementos anatómicos, índices de representatividad de partes esqueletales y se evalúo fracturación y digestión. Los resultados derivados del análisis de representatividad y abundancia anatómica revelaron promedios elevados de abundancia relativa en todos los casos. Los grados de fractura y digestión fueron evaluados como leves para T. furcata, leves-moderados para M. choliba y moderados para A. cunicularia. En general, estas evaluaciones coinciden con las referencias previas. Sin embargo, se detectaron variaciones en los patrones de fracturación y digestión. Los datos presentados aportan información como análogos modernos para evaluar la presencia de esta clase de restos en contextos arqueológicos y paleontológicos.
Do gabapentin or pregabalin directly modulate the µ receptor?
Authors: Manandhar Preeti , Murnion Bridin Patricia , Grimsey Natasha L. , Connor Mark , Santiago Marina
Published: April 2021

Background

Pregabalin and gabapentin improve neuropathic pain symptoms but there are emerging concerns regarding their misuse. This is more pronounced among patients with substance use disorder, particularly involving opioids. Co-ingestion of gabapentinoids with opioids is increasingly identified in opioid related deaths, however, the molecular mechanism behind this is still unclear. We have sought to determine whether pregabalin or gabapentin directly modulates acute μ receptor signaling, or μ receptor activation by morphine.

Methods

The effects of pregabalin and gabapentin were assessed in HEK 293 cells stably transfected with the human μ receptor. Their effect on morphine induced hyperpolarization, cAMP production and ERK phosphorylation were studied using fluorescent-based membrane potential assay, bioluminescence based CAMYEL assay and ELISA assay, respectively. Pregabalin/gabapentin effects on morphine-induced hyperpolarization were also investigated in AtT20 cells.

Results

Pregabalin or gabapentin (1 µM, 100 µM each) did not activate the µ receptor or affect K channel activation or ERK phosphorylation produced by morphine. Neither drug affected the desensitization of K channel activation produced by prolonged (30 min) application of morphine. Gabapentin (1 µM, 100 µM) and pregabalin (1 µM) did not affect inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production by morphine. However, pregabalin (100 µM) potentiated forskolin mediated cAMP production, although morphine still inhibited cAMP levels with a similar potency to control.

Discussion

Pregabalin or gabapentin did not activate or modulate µ receptor signaling in three different assays. Our data do not support the hypothesis that gabapentin or pregabalin augment opioid effects through direct or allosteric modulation of the µ receptor. Pregabalin at a high concentration increases cAMP production independent of morphine. The mechanism of enhanced opioid-related harms from co-ingestion of pregabalin or gabapentin with opioids needs further investigation.