bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerobic degradation of crude oil by microorganisms in soils from four geographic regions of China
Authors: Liu Qinglong , Tang Jingchun , Gao Kai , Gurav Ranjit , Giesy John P.
Published: October 2017

A microcosm experiment was conducted for 112 d by spiking petroleum hydrocarbons into soils from four regions of China. Molecular analyses of soils from microcosms revealed changes in taxonomic diversity and oil catabolic genes of microbial communities. Degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in Sand from the Bohai Sea (SS) and Northeast China (NE) exhibited greater microbial mineralization than those of the Dagang Oilfield (DG) and Xiamen (XM). High-throughput sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles demonstrated an obvious reconstruction of the bacterial community in all soils. The dominant phylum of the XM with clay soil texture was Firmicutes instead of Proteobacteria in others (DG, SS, and NE) with silty or sandy soil texture. Abundances of alkane monooxygenase gene AlkB increased by 10- to 1000-fold, relative to initial values, and were positively correlated with rates of degradation of TPHs and n-alkanes C13-C30. Abundances of naphthalene dioxygenase gene Nah were positively correlated with degradation of naphthalene and total tricyclic PAHs. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that abiotic process derived from geographical heterogeneity was the primary effect on bioremediation of soils contaminated with oil. The optimization of abiotic and biotic factors should be the focus of future bioremediation of oil contaminated soil.
Sustained accuracy improvement in intraocular lens power calculation with the application of quality control circle
Authors: Lin Lei , Chang Pingjun , Xie Jialu , Li Zhangliang , Zhang Hongfang , Lu Fan , Zhao Yun-e
Published: October 2017

Accurate intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation is always a challenge in ophthalmology, and unoptimized process may lead to inaccurate refractive outcomes. Quality control circle (QCC) has shown its success in many fields as a process management tool. However, its efficacy in ophthalmology remains unclear. Here we utilized the QCC method to optimize the process and evaluate its efficacy in improving the accuracy of IOL power calculation. After the QCC application, the percentage of eyes with achieved refractive outcomes within 0.5 diopter significantly increased from 63.2% to 80.8% calculated by Haigis formula and 59.2% to 75.8% by SRK/T formula in patients with normal axial length (AL) (22 mm ≤ AL < 26 mm). Although there were no statistically significant differences in patients with long AL by the two formulas (p = 0.886 and 0.726), we achieved an accuracy of 75% with the application of the PhacoOptics software, which was significantly higher than that using the other two formulas (p < 0.001). Our findings indicated that QCC optimized and standardized the process of IOL power calculation, thus improved the accuracy of IOL power calculation in patients who underwent cataract surgery.
Exosomes Derived from HIV-1 Infected DCs Mediate Viral trans-Infection via Fibronectin and Galectin-3
Authors: Kulkarni Rutuja , Prasad Anil
Published: October 2017

Exosomes are membrane enclosed nano-sized vesicles actively released into the extracellular milieu that can harbor genomic, proteomic and lipid cargos. Functionally, they are shown to regulate cell-cell communication and transmission of pathogens. Though studies have implicated a role for exosomes in HIV-1 pathogenesis, their mechanisms are not well defined. Here, we characterized exosomes derived from uninfected or HIV-1 infected T-cells and DCs. We demonstrate substantial differences in morphological, molecular and biogenesis machinery between exosomes derived from these two immune cell types. In addition, exosomes derived from HIV-1 infected DCs were 4 fold more infective than either cell free HIV-1 or exosomes derived from T-cells. Molecular analysis of exosomes detected the presence of fibronectin and galectin-3 in those derived from DCs, whereas T-cell exosomes lacked these molecules. Addition of anti-fibronectin antibody and β-lactose, a galectin-3 antagonist, significantly blocked DC exosome-mediated HIV-1 infection of T-cells. We also observed increased gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β and RANTES and activation of p38/Stat pathways in T-cells exposed to exosomes derived from HIV-1 infected DCs. Our study provides insight into the role of exosomes in HIV pathogenesis and suggests they can be a target in development of novel therapeutic strategies against viral infection.
Development of a multiplex Endopep-MS assay for simultaneous detection of botulinum toxins A, B and E
Authors: Rosen Osnat , Feldberg Liron , Yamin Tamar Shamai , Dor Eyal , Barnea Ada , Weissberg Avi , Zichel Ran
Published: October 2017

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are bacterial proteins that cause botulism, a life-threatening disease. The Endopep-MS assay permits rapid detection and serotypic differential diagnosis of BoNTs. The serotype-specific nature of this assay requires that each serum sample be aliquoted and individually tested, which in addition to the limited volume of clinical samples, especially in infants, points to the need for a multiplex assay. However, previous attempts to develop such an assay have been challenging, mainly due to inhibition of BoNT/A activity by the BoNT/E peptide substrate. BoNT/A and BoNT/E share the same native target protein as their substrate. We hypothesized that the steric interference between the BoNT/A and BoNT/E substrate peptides is responsible for the difficulty in simultaneously assaying these two toxins. To explore the basis for steric interference, we used the reported structure of BoNT/A in complex with SNAP-25 and modelled the structure of BoNT/E with SNAP-25. Following this thorough structural analysis, we designed a new peptide substrate for BoNT/A that maintained the assay sensitivity and allowed, for the first time, simultaneous detection of the three most abundant human botulinum serotypes. Adopting the multiplex assay will minimize the required sample volume and assay time for botulinum detection while maintaining the superior Endopep-MS assay performance.
How goats avoid ingesting noxious insects while feeding
Authors: Berman Tali S. , Ben-Ari Matan , Glasser Tzach A. , Gish Moshe , Inbar Moshe
Published: October 2017

As mammalian herbivores feed, they often encounter noxious insects on plants. It is unknown how they handle such insects. We experimentally examined the behavioural responses of goats to the noxious spring-webworm (Ocnogyna loewii), and manipulated their sensory perception to reveal the process of insect detection. Goats did not avoid plants with webworms, demonstrating a remarkable ability to sort them apart from the plant (98% of webworms survived). Initial detection of webworms involved tactile stimulation, done by repeatedly touching the leaves with the muzzle. This enabled them to pick webworm-free leaves. If the goats picked up leaves with a webworm, they shook or discarded the leaf. They spat out webworms that entered their mouths, after detecting them by touch and taste. By using their keen senses and efficient behaviours, goats are able to feed while accurately excluding insects. These findings highlight the importance of direct interactions between mammalian herbivores and insects.
High Quantum Yield Green-Emitting Carbon Dots for Fe(ІІІ) Detection, Biocompatible Fluorescent Ink and Cellular Imaging
Authors: Khan Waheed Ullah , Wang Deyin , Zhang Wei , Tang Zuobin , Ma Xinlong , Ding Xin , Du Shanshan , Wang Yuhua
Published: October 2017

In the present work, we reported the luminescence of a green-emitting carbon dots (CDs) synthesized via solid state reaction method using diammonium hydrogen citrate and urea as a starting materials. The obtained green-emitting CDs shows strong absorption in the 350–450 nm region and gives intense green emission (λmax = 537 nm) with quantum yield as high as 46.4% under 420 nm excitation. The obtained green-emitting CDs also demonstrates high photo-stability, which is evidenced by the fact that its emission intensity almost has no change under irradiation by a 365 nm UV lamp for 2 hours. Moreover, the obtained green-emitting CDs shows high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Fe3+, and their emission intensity response towards Fe3+ ions is highly linear (R2 = 0.995) over the concentration range from 25 to 300 µM, which could provide an effective platform for detection of Fe3+. Mostly important, we further demonstrate that such photoluminescent green-emitting CDs exhibits low toxicity and are biocompatible for use with in cellular imaging. Combining with low cytotoxicity, good water solubility and excellent luminescence properties, green-emitting CDs could be used as a biocompatible fluorescent ink in future applications.
Omics and Their Impact on the Development of Chemotherapy AgainstLeishmania
Authors: Fernández-Prada Christopher , Vincent Isabel M. , Gazanion Élodie , Monte-Neto Rubens L.
Published: October 2017

Omics-based studies represent a major step forward in the analysis of modes of action and resistance mechanisms of drugs in Leishmania parasites, the causative agents of the leishmaniases. These are two key considerations when developing or repurposing drugs for chemotherapy against these neglected tropical diseases. The sequencing of most of the Leishmania genomes has greatly boosted the development of genomic and transcriptomic analyses during the last decade. At the same time, advances in both metabolomics- and proteomics-based technologies have proven essential to pinpoint and validate Leishmania-specific metabolic pathways. Despite posing significant computational challenges, the huge amount of data derived from these studies is shedding new light on the biology of Leishmania and leading to novel and more rational molecularly targeted therapeutic approaches. In this chapter we will outline the major discoveries achieved during recent years in terms of chemotherapy development against Leishmania parasites by means of these so-called omics approaches.
The Redox Metabolism and Oxidative Stress inLeishmaniaas a Crossroads for the Lethal Effect of Drugs
Authors: Castro Helena , Duarte Margarida , Tomás Ana M.
Published: October 2017

Viability of Leishmania in their hosts depends on the competence of these parasites to preserve redox homeostasis, that is, to maintain a balance between the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). In Leishmania this is achieved through the activity of several superoxide dismutases and heme peroxidases, as well as of a series of thiol-containing proteins that directly or indirectly depend on trypanothione, a conjugate of glutathione and spermidine uniquely found in trypanosomatids. The singularity of this thiol, added to the fact that it fuels many other essential parasite functions, namely heavy metal detoxification and DNA replication and repair, strengthens the prospects that the trypanothione metabolism can be exploited for improved leishmaniases chemotherapy. After briefly considering the endogenous and exogenous sources of ROS and RNS that Leishmania are subjected to during their development, we review here, from a drug-development perspective, the strategies employed by these parasites to maintain redox balance, with special emphasis on the trypanothione system. We contemplate current information and progress towards the functional characterization and validation as drug targets of the different parasite antioxidant enzymes and components of the thiol metabolism, including the pathways that lead to glutathione and spermidine uptake and biosynthesis and their conjugation to yield trypanothione. From the results of this analysis it is apparent that a strategy aimed at inhibiting trypanothione synthetase, the crucial enzyme in charge of trypanothione formation, should constitute the primary objective of an effective antioxidant chemotherapeutic strategy.
Ionic liquids as stationary phases for fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography
Authors: Fanali C. , Micalizzi G. , Dugo P. , Mondello L.
Published: October 2017

The present paper provides an overview of the application of ionic liquid (IL) columns for GC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs).
A fast-response fluorescent probe for hypochlorous acid detection and its application in exogenous and endogenous HOCl imaging of living cells
Authors: Jiang Yin , Zheng Guansheng , Cai Ning , Zhang Huatang , Tan Yi , Huang Mengjiao , He Yonghe , He Jun , Sun Hongyan
Published: October 2017

A facile fluorescent probe for exogenous and endogenous HOCl detection in living cells.
Tuning of few-electron states and optical absorption anisotropy in GaAs quantum rings
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Li Jian , Li Jun , Yin Huaxiang , Liu Yu
Published: October 2017

The electronic and optical properties of a GaAs quantum ring (QR) with few electrons in the presence of the Rashba spin–orbit interaction (RSOI) and the Dresselhaus spin–orbit interaction (DSOI) have been investigated theoretically.
Synthesis of amine-bridged bis(phenolate) rare-earth metal aryloxides and their catalytic performances for the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactic acid O-carboxyanhydride and l-lactide
Authors: Ouyang Hao , Nie Kun , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming
Published: October 2017

Rare-earth metal aryloxides were found as efficient initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactic acid O-carboxyanhydride and l-lactide. A comparative study on catalyst activities and reaction kinetics were conducted.
Construction of molecular rectangles with titanium–oxo clusters and rigid aromatic carboxylate ligands
Authors: Ding Qing-Rong , Liu Jin-Xiu , Narayanam Nagaraju , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2017

Four supramolecular rectangles have been successfully constructed using {Ti5O7} clusters as vertical edges and bridging aromatic carboxylates as horizontal edges.
A novel quadruple-cation absorber for universal hysteresis elimination for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Bu Tongle , Liu Xueping , Zhou Yuan , Yi Jianpeng , Huang Xin , Luo Long , Xiao Junyan , Ku Zhiliang , Peng Yong , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi-Bing , Zhong Jie
Published: October 2017

A novel potassium-containing quadruple-cation absorber realizes over 20% efficiency and hysteresis elimination for planar perovskite solar cells.
Conformational heterogeneity in tails of DNA-binding proteins is augmented by proline containing repeats
Authors: Khare Harshavardhan , Dey Debayan , Madhu Chilakapati , Senapati Dillip , Raghothama Srinivasarao , Govindaraju Thimmaiah , Ramakumar Suryanarayanarao
Published: October 2017

We model intrinsically disordered peptides mimicking the tails of DNA-binding proteins and propose parameters for the design of intrinsic disorder.
A two-dimensional sensing device based on manganese doped zinc sulfide quantum dots for discrimination and identification of common sugars
Authors: Miao Yan-ming , Yang Qi , Lv Jin-zhi , Yan Gui-qin
Published: October 2017

A Mn-doped ZnS QD 2D sensor for identification and separation of common sugars.
Direct patterning of highly-conductive graphene@copper composites using copper naphthenate as a resist for graphene device applications
Authors: Bi Kaixi , Xiang Quan , Chen Yiqin , Shi Huimin , Li Zhiqin , Lin Jun , Zhang Yongzhe , Wan Qiang , Zhang Guanhua , Qin Shiqiao , Zhang Xueao , Duan Huigao
Published: October 2017

We report an electron-beam lithography process to directly fabricate graphene@copper composite patterns without involving metal deposition, lift-off and etching processes.
Thermal dynamics of pulsed-laser excited gold nanorods in suspension
Authors: Plech Anton , Ibrahimkutty Shyjumon , Reich Stefan , Newby Gemma
Published: October 2017

Photothermal reactions of metallic nanostructures, such as gold nanorods show appealing structural relaxations, such as bubble formation or particle modification.
Bacterial species-identifiable magnetic nanosystems for early sepsis diagnosis and extracorporeal photodynamic blood disinfection
Authors: Wang Jianhao , Wu Hao , Yang Yanmei , Yan Rong , Zhao Yuan , Wang Yanhao , Chen Aihong , Shao Shilong , Jiang Pengju , Li Yong-Qiang
Published: October 2017

A bacterial species-identifiable magnetic nanosystem (Fe3O4-Ce6-Apt) has been reported for sensitive early sepsis diagnosis and extracorporeal photodynamic blood disinfection.
Bioconjugated fluorescent organic nanoparticles targeting EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells
Authors: Faucon Adrien , Benhelli-Mokrani Houda , Fleury Fabrice , Dutertre Stéphanie , Tramier Marc , Boucard Joanna , Lartigue Lénaïc , Nedellec Steven , Hulin Philippe , Ishow Eléna
Published: October 2017

EGF-bioconjugated fluorescent organic nanoparticles serve as bright labels to diagnose EGFR-overexpressing breast cancer cells.
Copper nitrate-catalyzed oxidative coupling of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds of ethers and alkanes with N-hydroxyphthalimide: synthesis of N-hydroxyimide esters
Authors: Xu Xiaohe , Sun Jian , Lin Yuyan , Cheng Jingya , Li Pingping , Yan Yiyan , Shuai Qi , Xie Yuanyuan
Published: October 2017

A novel oxygenative cross dehydrogenative coupling of ethers and alkanes with NHPI under a copper nitrate/oxygen catalytic system is described.
Copper-catalyzed chalcogenation of imidazoheterocycles with sulfur/selenium powder and coumarinyl triflates
Authors: Guo Tao , Wei Xu-Ning , Wang Hong-Yan , Zhu Ying-Li , Zhao Yun-Hui , Ma Yong-Cheng
Published: October 2017

An efficient and convenient copper-catalyzed chalcogenation of imidazoheterocycles with sulfur/selenium powder and coumarinyl triflates has been described.
Statistical description of co-nonsolvency suppression at high pressures
Authors: Budkov Yu. A. , Kolesnikov A. L.
Published: October 2017

We present an application of a Flory-type theory of a flexible polymer chain dissolved in a binary mixture of solvents to theoretical description of co-nonsolvency suppression at high pressures.
A highly sensitive and wide-range pressure sensor based on a carbon nanocoil network fabricated by an electrophoretic method
Authors: Li Chengwei , Pan Lujun , Deng Chenghao , Cong Tianze , Yin Penghe , Wu Zhenlin
Published: October 2017

A highly sensitive and wide-range pressure sensor based on a carbon nanocoil (CNC) network fabricated by an electrophoretic method was fabricated and studied.
Folic acid inhibits nasopharyngeal cancer cell proliferation and invasion via activation of FRα/ERK1/2/TSLC1 pathway
Authors: Liu Zhibiao , Jin Xin , Pi Wen , Liu Shouhou
Published: October 2017

Folic acid (FA), which is necessary for normal cell division of mammals, has been implicated to be involved in many tumors. Dietary FA intake has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). However, the molecular mechanisms of FA in NPC cells remain unclear. In the present study, we found that FA treatment dose dependently inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of NPC cells, via folate receptor α (FRα). We further found that FA, bound to FRα, induced the activation of MEK/ERK1/2, and increased the expressions of TSLC1 and E-cadherin. Moreover, blocking of ERK1/2 activation attenuated FA-mediated increase in TSLC1 expression. In addition, knockdown of TSLC1 abolished the FA-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and suppressed the FA-mediated increase oinE-cadherin expression in NPC cells. Taken together, our data suggest that FA treatment inhibits NPC cell proliferation and invasion via activation of FRα/ERK1/2/ TSLC1 signaling pathway. Therefore, FA could be explored as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of NPC, and TSLC1 may act as a tumor suppressor in NPC.
Digoxin enhances radiation response in radioresistant A549 cells by reducing protein phosphatase 2A
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Kim Mi-Sook , Lee Mi So , Ju Jae Eun , Chung Namhyun , Jeong Youn Kyoung
Published: October 2017

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitous multifunctional enzyme usually known as a tumor suppressor. Recent studies have reported that although inhibition of PP2A leads to acceleration of cell growth, it also induces damaged cells to pass through the cell cycle and renders them sensitive to radiotherapy. Here, we investigated the radiosensitizing effects of digoxin as a PP2A inhibitor in two non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell types (H460 and A549) with differential sensitivity to radiation. Digoxin inhibited the proliferation of H460 and A549 cells in a dose-dependent fashion and was especially effective on radioresistant A549 cells. Interestingly, the radiosensitizing effect of digoxin was only present in the radioresistant A549 cells and xenografts. The combination of digoxin and ionizing radiation (IR) significantly reduced clonogenic survival and xenograft tumor growth (P<0.001), compared with IR alone. Digoxin suppressed PP2A protein expression and prevented IR-induced PP2A expression in A549 cells. Digoxin treatment combined with IR allowed the damaged cell to progress through the cell cycle via suppression of cell cycle-related proteins (p53, cyclin D1, cyclin B1, CDK4, and p-cdc2). Moreover, digoxin enhanced IR-induced DNA damage through reduction in levels of repair proteins and elevation of p-ATM foci formation up to 24 h (P<0.001). In conclusion, digoxin has a novel function as a PP2A inhibitor, and combined with IR produces a synergistic effect on radiosensitizing cells, thereby indicating a potentially promising therapeutic approach to radioresistant lung cancer treatment.
Intelligibility of Noise-Adapted and Clear Speech in Child, Young Adult, and Older Adult Talkers
Authors: Smiljanic Rajka , Gilbert Rachael C.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

This study examined intelligibility of conversational and clear speech sentences produced in quiet and in noise by children, young adults, and older adults. Relative talker intelligibility was assessed across speaking styles.

Method

Sixty-one young adult participants listened to sentences mixed with speech-shaped noise at −5 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The analyses examined percent correct scores across conversational, clear, and noise-adapted conditions and the three talker groups. Correlation analyses examined whether talker intelligibility is consistent across speaking style adaptations.

Results

Noise-adapted and clear speech significantly enhanced intelligibility for young adult listeners. The intelligibility improvement varied across the three talker groups. Notably, intelligibility benefit was smallest for children's speaking style modifications. Listeners also perceived speech produced in noise by older adults to be less intelligible compared to the younger talkers. Talker intelligibility was correlated strongly between conversational and clear speech in quiet, but not for conversational speech produced in quiet and in noise.

Conclusions

Results provide evidence that intelligibility variation related to age and communicative barrier has the potential to aid clinical decision making for individuals with speech disorders, particularly dysarthria.
Predicting Intelligibility Gains in Dysarthria Through Automated Speech Feature Analysis
Authors: Fletcher Annalise R. , Wisler Alan A. , McAuliffe Megan J. , Lansford Kaitlin L. , Liss Julie M.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Behavioral speech modifications have variable effects on the intelligibility of speakers with dysarthria. In the companion article, a significant relationship was found between measures of speakers' baseline speech and their intelligibility gains following cues to speak louder and reduce rate (Fletcher, McAuliffe, Lansford, Sinex, & Liss, 2017). This study reexamines these features and assesses whether automated acoustic assessments can also be used to predict intelligibility gains.

Method

Fifty speakers (7 older individuals and 43 with dysarthria) read a passage in habitual, loud, and slow speaking modes. Automated measurements of long-term average spectra, envelope modulation spectra, and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients were extracted from short segments of participants' baseline speech. Intelligibility gains were statistically modeled, and the predictive power of the baseline speech measures was assessed using cross-validation.

Results

Statistical models could predict the intelligibility gains of speakers they had not been trained on. The automated acoustic features were better able to predict speakers' improvement in the loud condition than the manual measures reported in the companion article.

Conclusions

These acoustic analyses present a promising tool for rapidly assessing treatment options. Automated measures of baseline speech patterns may enable more selective inclusion criteria and stronger group outcomes within treatment studies.
Generalized Adaptation to Dysarthric Speech
Authors: Borrie Stephanie A. , Lansford Kaitlin L. , Barrett Tyson S.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Generalization of perceptual learning has received limited attention in listener adaptation studies with dysarthric speech. This study investigated whether adaptation to a talker with dysarthria could be predicted by the nature of the listener's prior familiarization experience, specifically similarity of perceptual features, and level of intelligibility.

Method

Following an intelligibility pretest involving a talker with ataxic dysarthria, 160 listeners were familiarized with 1 of 7 talkers with dysarthria—who differed from the test talker in terms of perceptual similarity (same, similar, dissimilar) and level of intelligibility (low, mid, high)—or a talker with no neurological impairment (control). Listeners then completed an intelligibility posttest on the test talker.

Results

All listeners benefited from familiarization with a talker with dysarthria; however, adaptation to the test talker was superior when the familiarization talker had similar perceptual features and reduced when the familiarization talker had low intelligibility.

Conclusion

Evidence for both generalization and specificity of learning highlights the differential value of listeners' prior experiences for adaptation to, and improved understanding of, a talker with dysarthria. These findings broaden our theoretical knowledge of adaptation to degraded speech, as well as the clinical application of training paradigms that exploit perceptual processes for therapeutic gain.
Waveguide components for space applications manufactured by additive manufacturing technology
Authors: Kilian Michael , Hartwanger Christian , Schneider Michael , Hatzenbichler Markus
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the use of novel manufacturing technologies for space antenna feed chain systems. A comparison between conventional and advanced manufacturing technologies concerning the radio‐frequency (RF) performance was made, in order to derive design rules for the novel manufacturing technology. Waveguide runs as well as feed chain components were redesigned by using these design rules. Therefore, mainly elliptical and circular waveguide sections were used. Different components were combined to save mass and power losses. Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) was chosen to build feed chain components in order to investigate the advantages of ALM compared to conventional technologies. This study concludes with an outlook on future opportunities of advanced manufacturing technologies for RF space applications as well as ongoing development activities.
Three‐dimensional printed millimetre wave dielectric resonator reflectarray
Authors: Zhang Shiyu
Published: October 2017

Reflectarray antennas have attracted extensive attention due to their low loss, high gain, compact volume, and their excellent abilities to control the radiated beam. The use of dielectric resonators as the reflectarray elements minimises the ohmic loss and the coupling between elements. This study uses fused deposition modelling (FDM) three‐dimensional (3D) printing rapidly prototyping a low cost and light‐weight dielectric resonator reflectarray. The demonstrated reflectarray is composed of 625 3D printed dielectric resonator elements to control the reflected phase over the reflector surface. The total size is 12 × 12 cm2 and the mass is 67 g. Measurements show that this reflectarray provides 28 dBi gain at 30 GHz when offset fed by a Ka‐band horn antenna. This work demonstrates the potential of FDM for millimetre wave (mm‐wave) applications. The new 3D printing approach can be deployed for high‐gain mm‐wave antenna fabrication with significantly reduced labour time and material costs.
Investigation of effects of phosphor particles on optimal design of surface‐mount‐device light‐emitting diode packaging using ray‐tracing simulation
Authors: Kashiwao Tomoaki , Hiura Mayu , Ikeda Kenji , Deguchi Mikio , Bahadori Alireza
Published: October 2017

This study presents investigation of effects of phosphor particles on optimal structure and optical design of surface‐mount‐device (SMD) light‐emitting diode (LED) packaging (PKG) using ray‐tracing simulation. In the authors’ previous study, effects of the reflection properties of the PKG resin and the lead‐frame silver plating on the light extraction efficiency was investigated, and the optimisation method of the cavity angle composing the light reflector of the PKG was proposed. In this study, the optimal cavity angle and reflection properties under the condition of phosphor particles present in mould resin of the top‐view PKG are investigated. In addition, the better conditions of the reflection properties under the conditions in which the phosphor is contained and not contained in the mould resin are confirmed. Finally, an optical design method of the SMD LED PKG with the mould resin containing a phosphor is proposed on the basis of the simulation results.
Constraining convective regions with asteroseismic linear structural inversions
Authors: Buldgen G. , Reese D. R. , Dupret M. A.
Published: October 2017

Context.Convective regions in stellar models are always associated with uncertainties, for example, due to extra-mixing or the possible inaccurate position of the transition from convective to radiative transport of energy. Such inaccuracies have a strong impact on stellar models and the fundamental parameters we derive from them. The most promising method to reduce these uncertainties is to use asteroseismology to derive appropriate diagnostics probing the structural characteristics of these regions.

Aims.We wish to use custom-made integrated quantities to improve the capabilities of seismology to probe convective regions in stellar interiors. By doing so, we hope to increase the number of indicators obtained with structural seismic inversions to provide additional constraints on stellar models and the fundamental parameters we determine from theoretical modeling.

Methods.First, we present new kernels associated with a proxy of the entropy in stellar interiors. We then show how these kernels can be used to build custom-made integrated quantities probing convective regions inside stellar models. We present two indicators suited to probe convective cores and envelopes, respectively, and test them on artificial data.

Results.We show that it is possible to probe both convective cores and envelopes using appropriate indicators obtained with structural inversion techniques. These indicators provide direct constraints on a proxy of the entropy of the stellar plasma, sensitive to the characteristics of convective regions. These constraints can then be used to improve the modeling of solar-like stars by providing an additional degree of selection of models obtained from classical forward modeling approaches. We also show that in order to obtain very accurate indicators, we needℓ= 3 modes for the envelope but that the core-conditions indicator is more flexible in terms of the seismic data required for its use.
Euclid: Superluminous supernovae in the Deep Survey
Authors: Inserra C. , Nichol R. C. , Scovacricchi D. , Amiaux J. , Brescia M. , Burigana C. , Cappellaro E. , Carvalho C. S. , Cavuoti S. , Conforti V. , Cuillandre J.-C. , da Silva A. , De Rosa A. , Della Valle M. , Dinis J. , Franceschi E. , Hook I. , Hudelot P. , Jahnke K. , Kitching T. , Kurki-Suonio H. , Lloro I. , Longo G. , Maiorano E. , Maris M. , Rhodes J. D. , Scaramella R. , Smartt S. J. , Sullivan M. , Tao C. , Toledo-Moreo R. , Tereno I. , Trifoglio M. , Valenziano L.
Published: October 2017

Context. In the last decade, astronomers have found a new type of supernova called superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) due to their high peak luminosity and long light-curves. These hydrogen-free explosions (SLSNe-I) can be seen to z ~ 4 and therefore, offer the possibility of probing the distant Universe.

Aims. We aim to investigate the possibility of detecting SLSNe-I using ESA’s Euclid satellite, scheduled for launch in 2020. In particular, we study the Euclid Deep Survey (EDS) which will provide a unique combination of area, depth and cadence over the mission.

Methods. We estimated the redshift distribution of Euclid SLSNe-I using the latest information on their rates and spectral energy distribution, as well as known Euclid instrument and survey parameters, including the cadence and depth of the EDS. To estimate the uncertainties, we calculated their distribution with two different set-ups, namely optimistic and pessimistic, adopting different star formation densities and rates. We also applied a standardization method to the peak magnitudes to create a simulated Hubble diagram to explore possible cosmological constraints.

Results. We show that Euclid should detect approximately 140 high-quality SLSNe-I to z ~ 3.5 over the first five years of the mission (with an additional 70 if we lower our photometric classification criteria). This sample could revolutionize the study of SLSNe-I at z > 1 and open up their use as probes of star-formation rates, galaxy populations, the interstellar and intergalactic medium. In addition, a sample of such SLSNe-I could improve constraints on a time-dependent dark energy equation-of-state, namely w(a), when combined with local SLSNe-I and the expected SN Ia sample from the Dark Energy Survey.

Conclusions. We show that Euclid will observe hundreds of SLSNe-I for free. These luminous transients will be in the Euclid data-stream and we should prepare now to identify them as they offer a new probe of the high-redshift Universe for both astrophysics and cosmology.
Impact of convection and resistivity on angular momentum transport in dwarf novae
Authors: Scepi N. , Lesur G. , Dubus G. , Flock M.
Published: October 2017

The eruptive cycles of dwarf novae are thought to be due to a thermal-viscous instability in the accretion disk surrounding the white dwarf. This model has long been known to imply enhanced angular momentum transport in the accretion disk during outburst. This is measured by the stress to pressure ratio α, with α ≈ 0.1 required in outburst compared to α ≈ 0.01 in quiescence. Such an enhancement in α has recently been observed in simulations of turbulent transport driven by the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) when convection is present, without requiring a net magnetic flux. We independently recover this result by carrying out PLUTO magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of vertically stratified, radiative, shearing boxes with the thermodynamics and opacities appropriate to dwarf novae. The results are robust against the choice of vertical boundary conditions. The thermal equilibrium solutions found by the simulations trace the well-known S-curve in the density-temperature plane that constitutes the core of the disk thermal-viscous instability model. We confirm that the high values of α ≈ 0.1 occur near the tip of the hot branch of the S-curve, where convection is active. However, we also present thermally stable simulations at lower temperatures that have standard values of α ≈ 0.03 despite the presence of vigorous convection. We find no simple relationship between α and the strength of the convection, as measured by the ratio of convective to radiative flux. The cold branch is only very weakly ionized so, in the second part of this work, we studied the impact of non-ideal MHD effects on transport. Ohmic dissipation is the dominant effect in the conditions of quiescent dwarf novae. We include resistivity in the simulations and find that the MRI-driven transport is quenched (α ≈ 0) below the critical density at which the magnetic Reynolds number Rm ≤ 104. This is problematic because the X-ray emission observed in quiescent systems requires ongoing accretion onto the white dwarf. We verify that these X-rays cannot self-sustain MRI-driven turbulence by photo-ionizing the disk and discuss possible solutions to the issue of accretion in quiescence.
Copper(I) Iodide-Catalyzed (Het)arylation of Diethyl Malonate with (Het)aryl Bromides by Using 1,3-Benzoxazole as a Ligand
Authors: Fang Zheng , Guo Kai , Zeng Yu , Zheng Hao-liang , Yang Zhao , Liu Cheng-Kou
Published: October 2017

An efficient Ullmann-type coupling of aryl bromides with diethyl malonate in the presence of copper(I) iodide and 1,3-benzoxazole is presented. This method has a broad substrate scope (heterocyclic and phenyl bromides) and good functional-group tolerance (OMe, Me, Ac, CN, NO2, F, and Cl). Moreover, less time is needed to reach full conversion (3–9 hours).
Iodide-Catalyzed Carbonylation–Benzylation of Benzyl Chlorides with Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates under Ambient Pressure of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Han Wei , Chen Junjie , Jin Fengli , Yuan Xiaorong
Published: October 2017

Tetra-N-butylammonium iodide (TBAI) catalyzed carbonylation–benzylation of unactivated benzyl chlorides with potassium aryltrifluoroborates using CO gas has been developed. This reaction is transition-metal free, is carried out under ambient pressure, and provides a wide range of 1,2,3-triarylpropan-1-one derivatives in high yields. The novel method represents a significant improvement over the traditional palladium-catalyzed carbonylation.
Update on Gender-Affirming Treatment for the Transgender Woman
Authors: Unger Cecile
Published: October 2017

Transgender women often transition with cross-sex hormone therapy and some opt to further affirm themselves with breast augmentation, facial feminization procedures, and/or vaginoplasty surgery. When considering medical and surgical transition for the transgender woman, careful preoperative evaluation and individual assessment is imperative and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standards of Care provide the framework from which health care providers and surgeons may assess eligibility for affirming treatments. Vaginoplasty for the transgender woman may be performed by a variety of techniques, mainly penile inversion vaginoplasty or intestinal segment vaginoplasty. Surgical outcomes vary according to technique, and the unique risks, advantages, and disadvantages must be considered. Outcomes appear to be satisfactory following vaginoplasty surgery, but prospective, long-term data are still lacking. Providers should be aware of the peri- and postoperative management of the transgender women after genital surgery, as many women require ongoing care and management after surgery.
Sexual Dysfunction in Lesbian Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Brown Oluwateniola , Gaupp Christina , Sobecki-Rausch Janelle
Published: October 2017

Over the past two decades, a growing body of literature has demonstrated the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in heterosexual women. Few, if any, studies have investigated sexual problems specifically in women who identify as lesbian. The aim of this article is to systematically review data on sexual dysfunction in lesbian women. We performed a systematic review of the literature searching MEDLINE via Ovid, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials, SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, and Web of Science from inception through March 2017. We included all studies assessing sexual dysfunction or sexual problems in lesbian women. Heterosexual, bisexual, and transsexual groups were excluded. Of the 1,822 articles identified, 20 articles met inclusion criteria, 1 of which was a population-based probability study. These studies included 16 cross-sectional studies, 1 case–control study, 1 qualitative interview study, and 1 review of the literature. Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in lesbian women and may differ from sexual dysfunction experienced by heterosexual women. Available data are limited by small convenience samples and varied outcome measures. Current validated surveys may be applicable to this subgroup. There is need for population-based studies with harmonized measures of sexual function to guide an evidence-based approach to sexual dysfunction in lesbian women.
Establishing Effective Health Care Partnerships with Sexual and Gender Minority Patients: Recommendations for Obstetrician Gynecologists
Authors: Gunter Kathryn , Lopez Fanny , Cook Scott
Published: October 2017

Sexual and gender minority patients have historically experienced high rates of inappropriate and low-quality care, disrespect, and discrimination in health care settings, as well as significant health disparities. Obstetricians and gynecologists can take action on multiple fronts if they wish to improve the quality of care for their sexual and gender minority patients. Examples include improving their relationships with sexual and gender minority patients and family members by purposefully reflecting upon individual and team biases, engendering empathy for sexual and gender minority patients, and creating effective working health care partnerships with them. They can also take steps to improve their cultural competency by improving their knowledge base about sexual orientation and gender identity, using welcoming language and creating health care environments that signal to sexual and gender minority patients that they are welcomed and understood. This article documents multiple suggestions and resources that health care teams can use to improve the health and health care of their sexual and gender minority patients.
Breast Cancer Screening, Management, and a Review of Case Study Literature in Transgender Populations
Authors: Radix Asa , Wesp Linda , Deutsch Madeline
Published: October 2017

Because of a lack of uniform collection of gender identity data, population-level breast cancer statistics in the transgender community are unknown. With recent estimates that at least 0.6% (1 in every 167 people) of the U.S. population is transgender, guidance on breast cancer risk, screening, and management in this population is needed. Such guidance should examine modifications, if any, to recommendations in cisgender populations, taking into consideration any history of hormone therapy exposure or breast surgery. This article describes existing evidence on breast cancer incidence in transgender women and men, and attempts to make rational recommendations regarding the screening for and approach to managing breast cancer in transgender populations. Current data are mostly limited to case reports which are reviewed here. More prospective, population-level research is needed to better understand the risks and predictors of breast cancer in this population, as well as to better inform the most appropriate screening modality, age of starting screening, and interval. Ultimately, a risk score calculator similar to existing risk models such as the Gail score, as well as an approach to shared decision making that involves patient-centered perspectives, is needed to best guide practices in this area.
Plasma Lipoprotein Particle Subclasses in Preterm Infants
Authors: Scoble Jennifer , Smilowitz Jennifer , Argov-Argaman Nurit , German J. , Underwood Mark
Published: October 2017

Objective A pilot study to determine lipoprotein classes and subclasses in premature infants and examine associations with nutritional intake, gestational age (GA), and morbidity.

Study Design Plasma lipoprotein particle concentrations were analyzed in a cohort of 15 premature infants in the first 5 days of life and again at 2 weeks. Breast milk samples were analyzed for fatty acid content. Associations between lipoprotein particle subclasses and GA, breast milk intake, milk fatty acid intake, and chronic lung disease (CLD) were determined.

Results At 2 weeks of age, more premature infants had higher concentrations of total very low-density lipoprotein and lower concentrations of total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and large HDL particles (similar to profiles seen in adults and children with infectious disease, cardiometabolic disease, and diabetes). Lower total HDL, large HDL, and medium HDL and a higher small HDL:total HDL ratio at 2 weeks were each associated with CLD with GA a likely confounder. Intake of human milk C18 and C20 fatty acids was inversely correlated with plasma total LDL concentration at 2 weeks of age.

Conclusion Dyslipidemia was common in extremely premature infants and was associated with CLD and with lower intake of specific long chain fatty acids.
Do lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) improve treatment outcomes of walled-off pancreatic necrosis over plastic stents using dual-modality drainage?
Authors: Sahar Nadav , Kozarek Richard , Kanji Zaheer , Ross Andrew , Gluck Michael , Gan S. , Larsen Michael , Irani Shayan
Published: October 2017

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of symptomatic walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON) usually has been performed with double pigtail plastic stents (DPS) and more recently, with lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS). However, LAMS are significantly more expensive and there are no comparative studies with DPS. Accordingly, we compared our experience with combined endoscopic and percutaneous drainage (dual-modality drainage [DMD]) for symptomatic WON using LAMS versus DPS.

Patients and methods Patients who underwent DMD of WON between July 2011 and June 2016 using LAMS were compared with a matched group treated with DPS. Technical success, clinical success, need for reintervention and adverse events (AE) were recorded.

Results A total of 50 patients (31 males, 25 patients treated with LAMS and 25 patients treated with DPS) were matched for age, sex, computed tomography severity index, and disconnected pancreatic ducts. Technical success was achieved in all patients. Mean days hospitalized post-intervention (14.5 vs. 13.1, P = 0.72), time to resolution of WON (77 days vs. 63 days, P = 0.57) and mean follow-up (207 days vs. 258 days, P = 0.34) were comparable in both groups. AEs were similar in both groups (6 vs. 8, P = 0.53). Patients treated with LAMS had significantly more reinterventions per patient (1.5 vs. 0.72, P = 0.01).

Conclusions In treatment of symptomatic WON using DMD, LAMS did not shorten time to percutaneous drain removal and was not associated with fewer AEs.