bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton with Resistance to Glyphosate, 2,4-D, and Glufosinate
Authors: Merchant Rand M. , Culpepper A. Stanley , Eure Peter M. , Richburg John S. , Braxton L. Bo
Published: May 2014

Field experiments were conducted in Macon County, Georgia, during 2010 and 2011 to determine the impact of new herbicide-resistant cotton and respective herbicide systems on the control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. Sequential POST applications of 2,4-D or glufosinate followed by diuron plus MSMA directed at layby (late POST-directed) controlled Palmer amaranth 62 to 79% and 46 to 49% at harvest when the initial application was made to 8- or 18–cm-tall Palmer amaranth, in separate trials, respectively. Mixtures of glufosinate plus 2,4-D applied sequentially followed by the layby controlled Palmer amaranth 95 to 97% regardless of Palmer amaranth height. Mixing glyphosate with 2,4-D improved control beyond that observed with 2,4-D alone, but control was still only 79 to 86% at harvest depending on 2,4-D rate. Sequential applications of glyphosate plus 2,4-D controlled Palmer amaranth 95 to 96% following the use of either pendimethalin or fomesafen. Seed cotton yield was at least 30% higher with 2,4-D plus glufosinate systems compared to systems with either herbicide alone. The addition of pendimethalin and/or fomesafen PRE did not improve Palmer amaranth control or yields when glufosinate plus 2,4-D were applied sequentially followed by the layby. The addition of these residual herbicides improved at harvest control (87 to 96%) when followed by sequential applications of 2,4-D or 2,4-D plus glyphosate; yields from these systems were similar to those with glufosinate plus 2,4-D. Comparison of 2,4-D and 2,4-DB treatments confirmed that 2,4-D is a more effective option for the control of Palmer amaranth. Results from these experiments suggest cotton with resistance to glufosinate, glyphosate, and 2,4-D will improve Palmer amaranth management. At-plant residual herbicides should be recommended for consistent performance of all 2,4-D systems across environments, although cotton with resistance to glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D will allow greater flexibility in selecting PRE herbicide(s), which should reduce input costs, carryover concerns, and crop injury when compared to current systems.
Detecting and Confirming Accelerated Atrazine Dissipation in Illinois
Authors: Shaner Dale , Hager Aaron
Published: May 2014

Enhanced dissipation of atrazine has been documented in many parts of the world where the herbicide has been extensively used. Atrazine is widely used in corn in Illinois, but enhanced dissipation in the field has not been documented. In this study, the dissipation of atrazine was measured in three fields. Two of the fields (URB-1 and URB-2) had not been treated with atrazine for 3 and 4 yr, respectively, whereas the third field (ORR-1) had received annual applications of atrazine for 9 yr. A laboratory assay conducted on soil collected from these fields prior to atrazine application indicated that soil from ORR-1 had enhanced atrazine dissipation (half life [DT50] 1.7 d). Soil from fields URB-1 and URB-2 dissipated atrazine much slower (DT50 was 13 and 11d, respectively). In the field, the rates of atrazine dissipation were similar to those measured in the laboratory. The DT50s were 2.4, 8.4, and 12.6 d for ORR-1, URB-2, and URB-1, respectively. Testing the soils collected from the fields at the last sampling time for atrazine dissipation showed that all of them had enhanced atrazine dissipation, suggesting that the soil microbial populations had adapted to the presence of atrazine in the field.
Salvage Palmer Amaranth Programs Can Be Effective in Cotton Resistant to Glyphosate, 2,4-D, and Glufosinate
Authors: Merchant R. M. , Culpepper A. S. , Eure P. M. , Richburg J. S. , Braxton L. B.
Published: May 2014

Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth escaping residual herbicides is difficult to manage in cotton because of its rapid growth and a limited number of effective herbicide options to control emerged plants. An experiment was conducted at two dryland and two irrigated sites in Georgia during 2011 and 2012 to determine if cotton resistant to glyphosate, 2,4-D, and glufosinate could be used to salvage a crop infested with large Palmer amaranth. Three POST herbicide systems, including sequential applications of 2,4-D, sequential applications of 2,4-D plus glufosinate, or 2,4-D followed by (fb) glufosinate, were applied with intervals of 5, 10, or 15 d between POST applications. All three systems were followed by diuron plus MSMA directed at layby. At the dryland sites with high temperatures and drought conditions, no program provided greater than 90% control. However, the 2,4-D plus glufosinate system was at least twice as effective in controlling 20-cm-tall Palmer amaranth and produced at least three times more cotton than the other two systems, when pooled over POST application intervals. Intervals of 10 or 15 d between POST applications were 23 to 27% more effective than a 5-d interval in controlling Palmer amaranth when pooled over POST herbicide systems; yields were nearly twice as much with the 10-d interval compared to 5 d. At the irrigated site, overall weed control was greater with less treatment differences noted. Palmer amaranth that was 20 cm tall at application was controlled 98 to 99%, 92 to 93%, and 81 to 94% by glufosinate plus 2,4-D, 2,4-D fb glufosinate, and 2,4-D fb 2,4-D systems at harvest, respectively. Intervals between POST applications only influenced control by the POST 2,4-D system, and the 10-d interval was more effective than the 5-d interval. Carpetweed, Florida beggarweed, and smallflower morningglory were controlled 99% at harvest by all systems; however, it was noted that control of carpetweed and Florida beggarweed prior to layby was less effective with 2,4-D than systems including glufosinate. In the event of an at-plant residual herbicide failure in fields infested with glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth, our research demonstrates that glufosinate plus 2,4-D sequentially applied 10 to 15 d apart followed by a timely layby application controlled the target weeds in cotton with resistance to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and glufosinate.
Do Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Seedling Emergence Patterns Meet Criteria for Herbicide Resistance Simulation Modeling?
Authors: Schutte Brian J. , Davis Adam S.
Published: May 2014

A study was conducted to quantify the magnitude and sources of variation in common waterhemp temporal patterns of emergence over 1 yr. In 2008 and 2010, emergence patterns in the absence of soil disturbance were determined for replicated samples of maternal families (progeny from one individual) separately harvested during the previous year from four plants within each of four agricultural fields (16 maternal families yr−1) at a university research farm near Urbana, IL. Combining data across years, variance partitioning indicated that seed sample within maternal family explained 48% of total variation in the percentage of viable, buried seeds that produced seedlings. Differences within, rather than among, maternal families also accounted for large fractions (60 to 99%) of total variation in cumulative percentage emergence at specific points during the growing season. Within years, seed samples characterized by delayed or accelerated emergence patterns did not originate from specific maternal plants. These results indicate that common waterhemp seed populations are without strong maternal plant effects that limit emergence to narrow intervals within the overall emergence period. Thus, results of this study support the use of contemporary approaches for modeling herbicide resistance evolution in common waterhemp, which assume seedling cohorts contain offspring from all individuals occurring within the maternal population.
Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum) Control with Fall-Applied Residual Herbicides
Authors: Bond Jason A. , Eubank Thomas W. , Bond Robin C. , Golden Bobby R. , Edwards H. Matthew
Published: May 2014

Dense populations of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Italian ryegrass are problematic for spring burndown herbicide programs and crop establishment in the midsouthern United States. Two field studies were conducted to evaluate fall-applied residual herbicides for control of GR Italian ryegrass and to identify the most effective application timing for these herbicides. Fall applications of clomazone at 0.84 and 1.12 kg ai ha−1, pyroxasulfone at 0.16 kg ai ha−1, andS-metolachlor at 1.79 kg ai ha−1controlled GR Italian ryegrass ≥ 93% 180 d after application. Control from incorporated applications of pendimethalin at 1.59 kg ai ha−1and trifluralin at 1.68 kg ai ha−1and surface applications ofS-metolachlor at 1.42 kg ha−1provided control similar to the best treatments. Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass control following clomazone, pyroxasulfone,S-metolachlor, or trifluralin applied in mid September, October, or November exceeded that from fall tillage by 19 to 56% at 90 and 140 d after the last treatment. Pyroxasulfone andS-metolachlor controlled more GR Italian ryegrass following October or November applications compared with those in September at both 90 and 140 d after the last application timing. However, the benefit of delaying clomazone application from October to November was not realized until the last evaluation (140 d after the last treatment). Clomazone, pyroxasulfone, andS-metolachlor offer growers the best opportunity for residual control of GR Italian ryegrass, and control is optimized when these herbicides are applied in November.
Postharvest Tillage Reduces Downy Brome (Bromus tectorumL.) Infestations in Winter Wheat
Authors: Young Frank L. , Ogg Alex G. , Alldredge J. Richard
Published: May 2014

In the Pacific Northwest, downy brome continues to infest winter wheat, especially in low-rainfall areas where the winter wheat–summer fallow rotation is the dominant production system. In Washington, a study was conducted for 2 yr at two locations in the winter wheat–summer fallow region to determine the influence of four postharvest tillage treatments on vertical seed movement, seedbank depletion, and plant densities of downy brome. The four tillage implements included a disk, sweep plow, harrow, and skew treader. The study also included a no-till treatment for comparison. The sweep plow and disk led to the most vertical movement of downy brome seed compared with the no-till treatment. Approximately 75% of the fall postharvest seed in the no-till treatment was located either on the soil surface or in the 0- to 3-cm depth at both locations. In contrast, 75% of the seed in the disked treatment was located from 0 to 6 cm deep at both locations. The disk and sweep plow both decreased downy brome seed in the soil at the 0- to 3-cm depth compared with the harrow and no-till treatments. There was no difference in downy brome plant densities following postharvest tillage in the summer fallow due to any of the treatments. However, plant densities in the subsequent winter wheat crop were reduced by the disk and sweep plow compared with the no-till and skew-treader treatments. In general, seed densities as affected by the skew treader fell between the disk and the no-till treatments. The use of the sweep plow and the disk should be integrated into a weed management strategy for downy brome in the wheat–fallow region of the Pacific Northwest.
Evaluation of Aminopyralid Applied PRE to Control Western Ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) in Oklahoma Pastureland
Authors: Funderburg Eddie R. , Locke James M. , Biermacher Jon T.
Published: May 2014

Western ragweed is problematic in Oklahoma pasture and rangeland. There are no labeled PRE herbicides for western ragweed control in pastures to allow ranchers the flexibility of extending the spray season or the ability to spray before emergence of sensitive crops in bordering fields. Field studies were conducted in four locations during a 2-yr period to determine the effects of applying aminopyralid PRE for control of western ragweed. Good to excellent control of western ragweed was obtained when aminopyralid rates of 89 g ae ha−1 or greater were applied PRE. Control was season long and equal to that obtained with a formulated mixture of 2,4-D and aminopyralid applied POST at a rate of 457 + 57 g ae ha−1. Sward height at time of PRE application had little to no effect on the efficacy of the treatment, but time after application before a significant rainfall event did influence the aminopyralid rate needed to achieve acceptable PRE control.
Effectiveness of Training for International Rehabilitation Counseling Graduates
Authors: Alsaman Marwa A.
Published: May 2014

Purpose: To examine the experiences of international rehabilitation counseling graduates who had returned to their home countries or had moved to other countries to work. The study focused on their perceptions of the effectiveness of the training they had received in the United States.

Method: A qualitative methodology was used to conduct the study. There were 5 participants interviewed, and data from interviews were analyzed and coded.

Results: 6 themes emerged from data analysis: (a) lack of training programs in home countries, (b) support received from faculty members, (c) level of satisfaction with curriculum, (d) classroom experiences, (e) opportunities offered by the training program, and (f) difficulties applying the U.S. training to other countries.

Conclusion: The study indicated that the participants had varied perceptions about the effectiveness of the training they had received in the United States. Implications for training international rehabilitation counseling students are discussed.
Infertility and Surrogacy in Islamic Society: Socio-Cultural, Psychological,
Ethical, and Religious Dilemmas
Authors: Abu-Rabia Aref
Published: May 2014

The effects of infertility on individuals and its emotional, psychological, and social consequences are complex
matters that are influenced by many variables. Research now indicates that most cases of infertility can be attributed to a
physiological cause in the man or woman. Shari’a is the Islamic way of life, of which medicine is an integral part. The
Prophet Muhammad provided the foundation for a medical tradition that related to human beings in their totality; the spiritual,
the psychological, and the physical were considered within the context of the social milieu. The Prophet described
marriage as being half of the religion, so in Islam children are considered a great and blessed gift of Allah. Despite the
high prevalence of male infertility, infertility is usually considered the woman’s problem. Thus, the role of male infertility
is vastly under-appreciated and even under-reported in Middle Eastern societies. Medical intervention is in keeping with
the Islamic tradition; there are no religious objections in Islamic codes of ethics to an infertile couple pursuing medical
treatment for infertility. This paper attempts to build a self-contained argument vis-à-vis infertility and surrogacy from
Sunni-Islamic perspectives, taking into account socio-cultural and psychological aspects of this issue. It is based on primary
and secondary sources, interviews with couples who have participated in these treatments, the opinions of religious
leaders and healers, as well as archival and documentary material, and a review of published and unpublished materials,
books, and scientific journals.
Self-Other Positioning in Obesity: A Pilot Study Using Repertory Grid Technique
Authors: Castiglioni Marco , Pepe Alessandro , Gandino Gabriella , Veronese Guido
Published: May 2014

Self-other positioning was investigated in a group of obese youths in order to empirically test the clinical hy-pothesis – based on the constructionist theory
of Family Semantic Polarities – that obese people are affected by a negative
self-perception and low self-esteem. Repertory grid technique was used with 30
participants (15 obese-overweight and 15 control) to elicit and compare their personal constructs and assess, via ad hoc measurement indices, the positions they as-
signed to the self and significant others in relation to these constructs. The results confirmed
the research hypotheses, with obese subjects displaying a tendency to pos
ition both self and others at the negative pole of bipolar constructs and reporting greater self-ideal discrepancy. These findings and their limitations are discussed in relation to their clinical applications and in light of the methodologi cal issues arising from the study.
Sensing the Future: Reversed Causality or a Non-standard Observer Effect?
Authors: Subbotsky Eugene
Published: May 2014

In three experiments, Daryl Bem’s experimental method on retroactive facilitation of recall was replicated, with
minor modifications, with the aim of testing robustness of Bem’s retroactive effect. In Experiment 1, the original doubleblind
procedure was replaced by the single blind procedure under which the experimenter, but not participants, knew what
the experimental conditions were. In the experimental condition of this experiment Bem’s results were successfully replicated,
however, in the control condition, which was supposed to produce null effect, the effect was significant and a mirror
image of the effect in the experimental condition. In Experiment 2, the control condition was run before the experimental
condition. As in Experiment 1, the results in both conditions were symmetrical, though this time not significantly
different from zero. In Experiment 3, in the experimental condition the results were reversed to those in Experiment 1. Altogether,
the results marginally support robustness of Bem’s reported effect. However, the results do not support the interpretation
of this effect as an effect in inverted causality. Rather, the results of this study suggest that the effect reported by
Bem is a particular case of a number of possible outcomes, which occur when Bem’s method is applied. The results also
suggest that these outcomes occur due to a direct effect of the observer’s mind on the RNG functioning.
A Meta-Analysis of Adventure Therapy Outcomes and Moderators
Authors: Bowen Daniel J. , Neill James T.
Published: May 2014

This study reports on a meta-analytic review of 197 studies of adventure therapy participant outcomes (2,908
effect sizes, 206 unique samples). The short-term effect size for adventure therapy was moderate (g = .47) and larger than
for alternative (.14) and no treatment (.08) comparison groups. There was little change during the lead-up (.09) and follow-
up periods (.03) for adventure therapy, indicating long-term maintenance of the short-term gains. The short-term adventure
therapy outcomes were significant for seven out of the eight outcome categories, with the strongest effects for
clinical and self-concept measures, and the smallest effects for spirituality/morality. The only significant moderator of
outcomes was a positive relationship with participant age. There was also evidence that adventure therapy studies have reported
larger effects over time since the 1960s. Publication bias analyses indicated that the study may slightly underestimate
true effects. Overall, the findings provide the most robust meta-analysis of the effects of adventure therapy to date.
Thus, an effect size of approximately .5 is suggested as a benchmark for adventure therapy programs, although this should
be adjusted according to the age group.
Assessment of yield and yield stability of new perspective pepper breeding lines with conical shape
Authors: Panayotov Nikolay , Dimova Dochka
Published: May 2014

The main goal of the present study was to estimate new perspective Bulgarian
conic lines pepper about yield and stability of the yield with purpose to be
presented for Government variety testing and to been included in new breeding
programs. Three years experiments were carried out in Experimental fields of
Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria with eight new perspective
consolidated hybrids of sweet pepper. Typical Bulgarian variety Kurtovska
kapia 1619 was used as a standard. The plants were grown according to the
conventional technology for middle early field production for South Bulgarian
condition. Four harvests were done - one of green fruits and three of red
ripening fruits. The total yield, weight and length of fruit were determined.
The stability of yield (Ysi) by the methods Kang was calculated. The lines
with the highest yield were Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F8 and Doux
Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 with productivity of 5034.1 kg/da
and 4881.3 kg/da respectively. The index of yield stability was highest 7+
about following breeding lines Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7
and Kapia 1300 ? Doux d?Espagne F9. The lines Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300
F8, Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 and Doux Marconi Rouge ?
Kapia 1300 F7 are suitable to be included in new selection programs for more
successfully breeding.
rDNA based analysis of autochtonous fungal species from Serbia
Authors: Capelja Eleonora , Stevic Nevena , Galovic Vladislava , Novakovic Milana , Karaman Maja
Published: May 2014

Determination of fungal species by traditional morphological approach can
often be problematic. In the phylum Basidiomycota, sporocarps of different
species can share very similar morphoanatomical characteristics. Using
molecular markers and phylogenetic species concept this problem can be
reduced. In this study identification of six autochtonous fungal species,
collected from several locations in Serbia (Tara, Kopaonik, Stara planina)
was done by comparison between morphological and molecular data of fungal
species, as well as information obtained from phylogenetic tree. ITS
sequences amplified from 11 specimens of two genera of ph. Basidiomycota:
Marasmius and Ganoderma, were compared with ITS sequences from database using
basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Phylogenetic tree was constructed
using Neighbor joining method based on differences between analyzed ITS
sequences. Our results showed that within genera Marasmius and Ganoderma
morphological and molecular determinations are usually in accordance, but for
proper species delimitation both approaches should be used.
Genetic control and heredity of harvest index and biological yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Golparvar Ahmad
Published: May 2014

Assessment of genetic control, mode of inheritance, general and specific
combining abilities and effect of drought stress on genetic parameters of
harvest index and biological yield traits in bread wheat were achieved by
using Diallel mating design. Parents (eight cultivars) along with F1
progenies (28 crosses) were sown in a randomized complete blocks design with
three replications under stress condition in Karadj Agricultural Research
Center. The data were analyzed according to methed of Hallauer and Miranda as
well as fixed model of Griffing?s method II. Jinks-Hayman model was used to
estimate broad and narrow-sense heritabilities and mean degree of dominance.
There were significant differences between genotypes for mentioned traits in
both environments. Studying mean of squares of general combining ability
(GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), the ratio of GCA to SCA mean of
squares and portion of additive and dominance variances showed importance of
both additive and non additive gene effects for harvest index, but in
biological yield heredity, additive effect was more important. Estimating
broad-sense and narrow-sense heritabilities showed low efficiency of harvest
index and high efficiency of biological yield for selection programs in
stress environments.
Effect of growing season and variety on quality of spring two-rowed barley
Authors: Przulj Novo , Momcilovic Vojislava , Simic Jasmina , Mirosavljevic Milan
Published: May 2014

Quality of barley consists of precisely defined grain quality attributes
(grain weight, grading, grain protein concentration, etc.) and malt quality
attributes (extract, viscosity, Kolbach index, etc.). Barley quality
attributes are quantitatively inherited and greatly affected by environmental
factors such as temperature, available water, nitrogen fertilizer and soil
type. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of
genotype and growing conditions (year) on grain and malt quality attributes
in barley grown under field conditions in the Pannonian zone. The eight
spring two-row barley varieties were studied during a seven growing seasons
(1998-2004) on the location Novi Sad (45?20'N, 15?51'E, 86 m asl). The
growing season predominantly affected variation of the all studied grain and
malt quality attributes of spring barley where its percentage of variance was
35.2%, 20.2%, 32.5%, 25.4%, 30.9%, 31.2%, and 38.5% for grain weight (GW),
grading (GRA), grain protein content (GPC), viscosity (VIS), Kolbach index
(KOL), Hartong number (HAR) and extract content (EXT), respectively. The
interaction of GxE comprised of 28.4%, 64.5%, 38.2%, 54.0%, 39.6%, 41.2% and
23.7% of variation for GW, GRA, GPC, VIS, KOL, HAR and EXT, respectively. The
genetic component of variance ranged from 11.1% for GRA to 35.0% for EXT. The
heritability was the lowest for GRA-0.54 and the highest for EXT-0.91. Across
growing seasons GW ranged from 39.6 to 46.1g, GRA from 76.7 to 91.1%, GPC
from 12.1 to 13.5g 100-1g dm, VIS from 1.44 till 1.61m.Ps, KOL from 32.5 to
42,9%, HAR from 31.9 to 45.9VZ 45?C and EXT from 76.3 to 80.3% dm. Out of
seven growing seasons EXT was acceptable in four ranging from79.2 to 81.4%
dm. Although growing conditions in the Pannonian zone are less favorable for
malting barley production in relation to western Europe it does not exclude
malting barley production with acceptable quality in the Pannonian zone
environments. The varieties Scarlett and Viktor performed quite acceptable
quality in the Pannonian zone and may be recommended for commercial
production in this region for malt industry.
Analysis of inter-line variability of bald cypress (Taxodium distichum L. rich.) juvenile seedlings using morphometric markers
Authors: Popovic Vladan , Lucic Aleksandar , Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana , Cirkovic-Mitrovic Tatjana , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Cvjetkovic Branislav , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana
Published: May 2014

In this paper are presented results of the analysis of inter-line variability
of morphometric characters of Bald cypress juvenile seedlings at the level of
20 half-sib lines. Obtained results contribute to better understanding of
relationship of analyzed characters, as well as the influence of analyzed
characters to the differentiation of half-sib lines. Based on these results,
differences were observed in the values of the analyzed characters for each
half-sib line individually. The determined values of seedlings? size indicate
good genetic and adaptive potential of this species, which can be considered
as a starting point for the mass production of quality planting material and
its use in Serbia.
The influence of CAST/MspI, HinfI, RsaI polymorphism on production traits in pigs
Authors: Kluzakova Eva , Stupka Roman , Sprysl Michal , Citek Jaroslav , Okrouhla Monika
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to perform the CAST gene polymorphism genotyping
and to verify its possible influence on the quantitative and qualitative
indicators characterizing carcass value in pigs. The study found a
significant effect of the CAST gene on carcass value. In the case of alelle A
present in the CAST/HinfI gene there was a higher lean meat share (i.e. lower
fat content) and therefore the detected quality of pork meat was lower. The
significant differences were found between the homozygotes AA and
heterozygotes AB, mainly in the amount of fat content (P?0.05). Concerning
the CAST/MspI gene, it was found that genotype CD caused higher lean meat
share due to the higher shares of muscles in the main meat parts. However
higher lean meat share does lead to lower quality of the meat. Another
discovered influence was that of the allele D, which was associated with the
intramuscular fat content (IMF) in the neck (P?0.05). Our results also show
signifiant influence (P?0.05) of the allele C on the qualitative indicators
of pork meat (MS EC50). Concerning the CAST/RsaI polymorphism, the study
proved that this polymorphism doesn?t influence any of the monitored
qualitative parameters.
Genetic diversity in a collection of ornamental squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Mladenovic Emina , Berenji Janos , Ognjanov Vladislav , Ljubojevic Mirjana , Cukanovic Jelena , Salamun Tihomir
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study is collecting and preserving of unique Cucurbita pepo
germplasm in Serbia. This study also describes the intraspecific variation of
C. pepo within twenty germplasm accessions. Conservation work aimed to
develop a representative core collection of C. pepo germplasm, to guide
future studies and breeding of its ornamental use. A wide range of C. pepo
germplasm was collected from diferent parts of the world. Nineteen variables
were recorded in 20 varieties to determine the overall degree of polymorphism
and to detect similarities among them. Qualitative traits of fruit such is
shape, color and texture, showed immense variation. Coefficient of variation
were highest for fruit length, fruit weight and number of fruits per plant
(CV=56.69161.32%), while they were the lowest for leaf length (CV=20.65%).
Morphological characterization is need to facilitate the use of C. pepo
varieties in breeding work. Based on the PCA results, 20 accessions of squash
are separate in five groups. Those groups are unique in qualitative and
quantitative traits. Knowledge of genetic divergence among varieties is
essential for breeding.
MtDNA variation within local human populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kapur-Pojskic Lejla , Pojskic Naris , Radosavljevic Gabrijela , Marjanovic Damir , Hadziselimovic Rifat
Published: May 2014

Being a crossroad of many ancient and recent historical migrations, Bosnia
and Herzegovina (B&H) represents unique spot of multicultural and social
diversity. The main aim of this study was to assess genetic structure of
three local populations of mountain area from central part of B&H using mtDNA
HVS-1 as an informative marker for population genetics studies. A 444 bp
HVS-1 segment of control region of mtDNA extracted from buccal swabs was PCR
amplified and sequenced. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity, average number
of nucleotide differences, AMOVA and pairwise FST based on mtDNA haplotype
and haplogroup frequencies were calculated. NJ tree was constructed based on
pairwise FST results. Tajima?s D was calculated to evaluate population
demographic status.
Strain-specific differences in age-related changes in rat susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and dendritic cell cytokine gene expression
Authors: Bufan Biljana , Djikic Jasmina , Nacka-Aleksic Mirjana , Stojic-Vukanic Zorica , Dimitrijevic Mirjana , Leposavic Gordana
Published: May 2014

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of
multiple sclerosis, a prototype of Th1/Th17-mediated organ-specific
autoimmune disease. In the rat, susceptibility to development of these
diseases is shown to be strain-and age-dependent. In adult rats of distinct
strains, it correlates with splenic dendritic cell (DC) subset composition,
which also exhibit age-related changes. The aim of this study was to examine
influence of aging on: i) Albino Oxford (relatively resistant to EAE) and
Dark Agouti (susceptible to EAE) rat development of EAE and ii) their splenic
conventional (OX62+) DC population in respect to its subset composition and
expression of mRNAs for proinflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines. We
used 3month-old (young) and 26-month-old (aged) rats of AO and DA strain. The
rats were immunized for EAE with rat spinal cord homogenate in complete
Freund?s adjuvant and clinical course of the disease was followed. Fresh
OX62+DCs were examined for the expression of CD4 (using flow cytometry) and
genes encoding cytokines influencing DC activation/maturation (TNF-? and
IL-6) using RT-PCR. Additionally, in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
activated/matured DCs were examined for the expression of genes encoding
cytokines controlling Th1/Th17 cell polarization using RT-PCR. With aging, AO
rats became more susceptible, whereas DA rats largely lose their
susceptibility to the induction of EAE. In AO rats aging shifted CD4+:CD4DC
ratio towards CD4-cells, producing large amount of proinflammatory cytokines,
whereas in DA rats CD4+:CD4-DC ratio remained stable with aging. In fresh DCs
from rats of both the strains the expression of TNF-? mRNA increased with
aging, whereas that of IL-6 mRNA decreased and increased in DCs from AO and
DA rats, respectively. Following in vitro LPS stimulation OX62+ DCs from aged
AO rats up-regulated the expression of mRNA for IL-23p19 (specific subunit of
IL-23; crucial for sustained IL-17 production) and IL-1? (positive IL-17
regulator), whereas down-regulated the expression of IL-10 (negative IL-17
regulator) when compared with young strain-matched rats. In DA rats aging
incresed IL-23p19 mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated DCs, whereas exerted the
opposing effects on the expression of mRNAs for IL-10 and IL-1? compared to
AO rats. Irrespective of the rat strain, aging did not influence mRNA
expression for IL-12p35 (driving Th1 polarization) in DCs. Overall, results
suggest role of changes in the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory
and immunosuppressive cytokines in development of age-related alterations in
rat susceptibility to EAE induction.
Morpho-chemical characterization of dry and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces collected on Fruska Gora Mt.
Authors: Savic Aleksandra , Petrovic Gordana , Milosevic Mirjana , Nikolic Zorica , Stojanovic Anamarija , Gvozdanovic-Varga Jelica , Todorovic Vida , Vasic Mirjana
Published: May 2014

Disappearance of old cultivars, including dry and snap bean (Phaseolus
vulgaris L.) has been accelerated in last five to six decades, which mainly
led to great genetic impoverishment. For all the humanity and its future,
particularly is important the maintenance and evaluation of old cultivar?s
seeds. The research presented in this paper has been conducted on the
territory of southwestern Fruska gora Mt. Of the collected samples of field
and vegetables crops, as well as wild plants on the mountain, 13 accessions
of snap bean and 21 accessions of dry bean have been analyzed in this paper.
Seed color, seed shape, 1000-seed mass and phaseolin type was determined for
all the accessions. Seeds of collected bean and snap bean accessions were
predominantly white and cylindrical in shape. Mass of 1000 seeds ranged
between 104,90 g and 634,96 g. T phaseolin type dominated, while S type of
phaseolin was present in six bean and in two snap bean accessions.
Effects of temperature and immersion time on diffusion of moisture and minerals during rehydration of osmotically treated pork meat cubes
Authors: Suput Danijela , Lazic Vera , Pezo Lato , Loncar Biljana , Filipovic Vladimir , Nicetin Milica , Knezevic Violeta
Published: May 2014

The aim of this work was to study the changes in osmotically treated pork
meat during rehydration. Meat samples were osmotically treated in sugar beet
molasses solution, at temperature of (23?2)?C for 5 hours. After being
osmotically treated, meat samples were rehydrated at constant temperature
(20- 40?C) during different times (15-60 min) in distilled water. The
effective diffusivity were between 8.35 and 9.11?10-10 (m2?s-1) for moisture,
6.30-6.94 ? 10-10 (m2?s-1), for Na, 5.73-7.46 10-10 (m2?s-1), for K,
4.43-6.25 ? 10-10 (m2?s-1), for Ca, 5.35-6.25 ? 10-10 (m2?s-1), for Mg,
4.67-6.78 10-10 (m2?s-1), for Cu, 4.68-5.33 ? 10-10 (m2?s-1), for Fe,
4.21-5.04 ? 10-10 (m2?s-1), for Zn and 5.44-7.16 10-10 (m2?s-1), for Mn.
Zugarramurdi and Lupin?s model was used to predict the equilibrium condition,
which was shown to be appropriate for moisture uptake and solute loss during
rehydration.
Secondary metabolites of three endemic Centaurea L. species
Authors: Tesevic Vele , Aljancic Ivana , Milosavljevic Slobodan , Vajs Vlatka , Djordjevic Iris , Jadranin Milka , Menkovic Nebojsa , Matevski Vlado
Published: May 2014

The aerial parts of three endemic Centaurea L. species, namely C. tomorosii
Micevski, C. soskae Hayek and C. galicicae Micevski, afforded sesquiterpene
lactone cnicin (1) and seven flavonoids: apigenin (2), isokaempferide (3),
hispidulin (4), eupatorin (5), cirsimaritin (6), santaflavone (7) and
salvigenin (8). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by
UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS spectrometry. 1H NMR
spectroscopy was used as a method for quantitative analysis of sesquiterpene
lactone cnicin.
Biogeography-based algorithm for high voltage electrode surface optimization of a single-phase GIS bus terminal
Authors: Padghan Purushottam , Mukherjee Abhijit
Published: May 2014

A new method applying the biogeography-based optimization (BBO) technique is
presented for the optimization of high voltage electrode surfaces. The aim is
to obtain the optimization of the electrode shape in order to achieve a
uniform field distribution along the surface of the electrode and maintain
maximum field stress at minimum value. The principle of the developed
optimization technique is described with an axi-symmetric single-phase GIS
bus terminal electrode considered as a quarter-ellipse. In this scheme
different aspects of the optimization technique are compared by means of
semi-infinite line charges and ring charges to compute the electric field
with the charge simulation method (CSM). The new Biogeography Based optimized
approach helps in achieving a uniform field distribution with a minimum
electric stress on the electrode surface and a minimum deviation angle for
the otherwise normal stress vector, holding the assignment factor within the
assigned range. The deviation angle is the more sensitive indicator of the
simulation accuracy .The assignment factor has an impact on simulation
accuracy. The combined BBO/CSM algorithm is capable of finding a
better-quality solution, better accuracy, better convergence characteristics
and computational efficiency.
Preheating Impact on the Degree of Conversion and Water Sorption/Solubility of Selected Single-bottle Adhesive Systems
Authors: Vale MRL , Afonso FAC , Borges BCD , Freitas AC , Farias-Neto A , Almeida EO , Souza-Junior EJ , Geraldeli S
Published: May 2014

Objective

This study evaluated the degree of conversion (DC) and the water sorption/solubility of preheated single-bottle adhesive systems.

Methods and Materials

Five adhesive systems were tested: Adper Easy One and Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE), Excite and Tetric N-Bond (Ivoclar/Vivadent), and XP Bond (Dentsply/Caulk). After storage for two hours at 25°C or 60°C, 50 samples (n=5) were prepared for all adhesive systems and stored dry in lightproof containers at 37°C for 24 hours. Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC, and water sorption/solubility was measured by means of mass loss and gain after water storage. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05).

Results

Preheated adhesive systems showed statistically significantly higher DC than those kept at 25°C. Except for XP Bond, preheated adhesive systems presented statistically significantly lower water sorption/solubility means.

Conclusions

Preheating improved the DC for all tested adhesive systems. Also, it promoted a decrease of water sorption/solubility, except for the XP Bond adhesive system.
Syngas production by biogas reforming over the Co-based multicomponent catalysts
Authors: Itkulova Sholpan , Zakumbaeva Gaukhar , Mukazhanova Aliya , Nurmakanov Yerzan
Published: May 2014

The new multicomponent Co-based catalysts with additives of group 8 metal and rare earth elements and supported on alumina have been tested in the dry and steam conversion of a model biogas. The processes were carried out in a flow quartz reactor under the following conditions: atmospheric pressure, a gas hourly space velocity of 1000 h−1 and temperatures of 300–800°C. The catalysts were characterised using electron microscopy, BET and X-ray analysis.

The methane is almost completely converted in the dry reforming of biogas at T≤800°C. Synthesis gas with a ratio of H2/CO>1.0 is a main product of biogas reforming over the multicomponent catalysts studied. Adding steam in a feed composition increases both the methane conversion and the hydrogen yield at lower temperatures. Almost complete methane conversion occurs at T<750°C in the steam reforming of biogas. The catalysts are highly effective and exhibit stable activity throughout 100 h of continuous testing.
Charcoal in alluvium of mountain streams in the Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Carpathians) as a carrier of information on the local palaeoenvironment
Authors: Kukulak Józef
Published: May 2014

Fragments of charcoal are present in floodplain alluvium of the San and Strwiąż rivers in the Polish part of the Bieszczady Mountains, Polish East Carpathians. They occur as single clasts or in lenses in the basal part of fine-grained alluvium, together with unburnt wood debris, or in the middle part of the vertical sequence of the floodplain alluvium. 14 samples of charcoal from the upper courses of the San (ca. 50 km) and the Strwiąż (ca. 10 km) were dated with radiocarbon. The obtained dates fall mainly in the 15th through 19th century interval; only one sample is markedly older (9th–10th century). Taxonomic composition of the charcoal source wood was also studied and compared with that of coeval forests. Correlation of the charcoal age with the history of economic development of the studied region indicates that charcoal is of anthropogenic origin: older charcoal from intense slash-and-burn deforestation, while younger charcoal was produced by local industries.
Prediction of liquefaction potential and pore water pressure beneath machine foundations
Authors: Fattah Mohammed , Al-Neami Mohammed , Jajjawi Nora
Published: May 2014

The present research is concerned with predicting liquefaction potential and pore water pressure under the dynamic loading on fully saturated sandy soil using the finite element method by QUAKE/W computer program. As a case study, machine foundations on fully saturated sandy soil in different cases of soil densification (loose, medium and dense sand) are analyzed. Harmonic loading is used in a parametric study to investigate the effect of several parameters including: the amplitude frequency of the dynamic load. The equivalent linear elastic model is adopted to model the soil behaviour and eight node isoparametric elements are used to model the soil. Emphasis was made on zones at which liquefaction takes place, the pore water pressure and vertical displacements develop during liquefaction. The results showed that liquefaction and deformation develop fast with the increase of loading amplitude and frequency. Liquefaction zones increase with the increase of load frequency and amplitude. Tracing the propagation of liquefaction zones, one can notice that, liquefaction occurs first near the loading end and then develops faraway. The soil overburden pressure affects the soil liquefaction resistance at large depths. The liquefaction resistance and time for initial liquefaction increase with increasing depths. When the frequency changes from 5 to 10 rad/sec. (approximately from static to dynamic), the response in displacement and pore water pressure is very pronounced. This can be attributed to inertia effects. Further increase of frequency leads to smaller effect on displacement and pore water pressure. When the frequency is low; 5, 10 and 25 rad/sec., the oscillation of the displacement ends within the period of load application 60 sec., while when ω = 50 rad/sec., oscillation continues after this period.
Simple Orbit and Attitude Control Using Vacuum Arc Thrusters for Picosatellites
Authors: Kronhaus Igal , Schilling Klaus , Pietzka Mathias , Schein Jochen
Published: May 2014

The possibility of maintaining a group of picosatellites in a bounded formation using very low-power electric propulsion (less than 2 W) is presented. A model predictive controller is used to develop a simple control scheme that avoids the need for an online orbit determination system. The control law, verified using a high-fidelity propagator, is capable of maintaining pairs of picosatellites within a range less than 1500 km with an average [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] per month. To reduce power demands, a combined thruster-based orbit and attitude control system is used. Attitude accuracy is shown to be better than 0.5 deg. A suitable vacuum arc thruster propulsion system is presented, designed specifically for a one-unit CubeSat. The combined attitude-orbit control, the simplicity of the control law, and the proposed propulsion system provide an important advantage for implementation in a picosatellite with extremely limited resources.
Predicting threat of climate change to the Chinese grouse on the Qinghai—Tibet plateau
Authors: Lyu Nan , Sun Yue‐Hua
Published: May 2014

The Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi is restricted to small mountain areas on the southeastern edge of Qinghai—Tibet plateau. Recent evidence indicates that the global climate has undergone rapid change. To assess the potential effects of climate change on Chinese grouse, we applied a maximum‐entropy modeling (MaxEnt) method to predict the current and future distributions of this species for three time periods: 2020, 2050 and 2080 in two greenhouse‐gas emissions scenarios (A2a and B2a), which assume a medium and a lower increase in CO2 emissions, respectively. Our modeling revealed that: 1) the size of suitable areas for grouse will decline over time, especially in emissions scenario A2a; 2) range shifts will happen at both latitudinal (northward shift) and elevational direction (upward). In addition, habitat expansion will be limited relative to loss, especially in the more distant future. Although the size of suitable area will not change greatly in the near future (e.g. 2020 and 2050), as predicted in the emissions scenario A2a in 2020, habitat will become more fragmented. Therefore, we suggest that the habitat fragmentation be considered with range shifts calculation while assessing the climate change threats. To cope with the ongoing climate change, either the protected area of the existing reserves should be expanded or new reserves should be established to accommodate range shifts. Reforestation and gouse population monitoring should also be conducted in the reserves to track response of grouse to climate change.