bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Could the Day of the Week and the Time of Delivery Predict the Mode of Birth According to Robson Classification?
Authors: Giaxi Paraskevi , Gourounti Kleanthi , Vivilaki Victoria G. , Metallinou Dimitra , Zdanis Panagiotis , Galanos Antonis , Lykeridou Aikaterini
Published: June 2023

Worldwide, the cesarean section rate has steadily increased from 6.7% in 1990 to 21.1% in 2018 and is expected to rise even more. World Health Organization propose the adoption of the Robson classification system as a global standard for monitoring, evaluating, and comparing delivery rates. The purpose of the current study is to use the Robson classification system to investigate how, independently of medical factors, the day of the week and time of delivery may affect the mode of birth. In the sample analysis, we included the records of 8572 women giving birth in one private health facility in Greece. Over 60% of deliveries during the study period were performed by a cesarean section and 8.5% of deliveries were performed by operative vaginal delivery. The results of this study indicate that the lowest birth rates are observed on Monday, Saturday, and Sunday. In Robson category 1 women are 73% more likely to deliver by cesarean section between 08:00 a.m. - 03:59 p.m. compared to those who give birth between 12:00 a.m. - 07:59 a.m. Also, women in group 5.1 are 16.7 times more likely to deliver by cesarean section in the morning compared to overnight deliveries. These result point out two non-clinical variables that influences the CS rate. The Robson classification system was a useful tool for the above comparisons.
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: An Overview
Authors: Zehravi Mehrukh , Maqbool Mudasir , Ara Irfat
Published: June 2023

The most common and also the most overlooked dietary deficiency in the world is iron deficiency anaemia. It is not only a problem in developing countries or in countries with few resources, but it is also a problem in industrialised ones. The main goal of this article is to raise awareness about the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy, the aetiology of anaemia in pregnancy (not just during pregnancy but throughout adolescence) and the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy by extending the vision to the adolescent age group in order to reduce the risk of nutritional deficiency anaemia during pregnancy. Because of their increased iron requirements for rapid growth and menstrual blood loss, adolescent girls are particularly sensitive to this illness. Poor nutrition is the most common cause of anaemia, which is caused not only by socioeconomic reasons but also by cultural and other conditioning factors such as viral infections, which promote malnutrition in teenagers. Malaria, intestinal parasites, diarrhoea, and tuberculosis are among diseases that cause malnutrition. Anemia’s severity and length are crucial during pregnancy since it increases the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, maternal mortality, and other complications. Anemia is a worldwide health issue that affects about one-third of the world’s population and is one of the primary causes of disability. Anemia in pregnancy is associated with a high rate of morbidity and death due to a woman’s inability to respond to postpartum blood loss, which can have life-threatening effects. Iron deficiency anaemia has a direct link to hunger; according to the WHO, iron deficiency anaemia occurs in 50-80% of areas with chronic malnutrition. However, iron insufficiency is becoming more widespread in wealthy countries, with an increase of 20%. Iron insufficiency is quite common in women of reproductive age, with roughly 30% of them suffering from it.
Evaluation of Mindful Eating Levels among Adolescents of Different BMI Category
Authors: Vijayakumar Padma , Hermein Nazeer Sayeda Amina
Published: June 2023

India faces a steadily increasing prevalence of dual weight burden among adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the eating patterns and mindful eating level of adolescents of different BMI category. A cross sectional study was conducted with 130 adolescents, aged 12-15 years, recruited through quota sampling from government and private schools of Urban Bengaluru. The nutritional status were assessed as prescribed by WHO anthropometric data through standardised stadiometer and weighing scale protocols. Mindful eating level was assessed through a validated Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). Most of the adolescent subjects were following non-vegetarian diets, where majority of them (47.7%) were observed to have BMI categorised as underweight. Mindful eating practices showed statistically significant (p< 0.05) scores under moderate level by closely half of the subjects and low level by 1/3rd on the MEQ tool. Dual burden of malnutrition that is underweight and obesity was prevalent in the study population. This can be attributed to the sedentary lifestyle coupled with mindless eating. Empowering mindful eating approach would appear to be a strategy in combating the double burden of malnutrition.
Influence of Emulsifiers and Heat Moisture Treatment of Millets on Quality of Gluten-Free Chhana Cake
Authors: Jambukiya Hitesh , Pinto Suneeta , Patel Sunil
Published: June 2023

The present investigation was conducted to develop a technology for the manufacture of a gluten-free chhana cake. Refined wheat flour was substituted with blend of three flours viz., barnyard millet, amaranth and little millet (consisting of 31.86% barnyard millet, 32.69% amaranth and 35.45% little millet) were subjected to heat moisture treatment. In order to select the most suitable heat moisture treatment the millet blend was subjected to three heat moisture treatments. Based on the results the selected heat moisture treatment was: Adjusting the moisture content of millet flour blend to 25% and keeping it at 4°C for 24 h in an air tight plastic container followed by heating the moisture adjusted flour at 100°C for 3 h in a hot air oven and finally drying it at 40°C till a final moisture content of about 9% was obtained. In the second part of the study, the rate of addition of baking powder and glycerol monostearate was optimized using Response Surface Method (RSM) i.e., Design Expert 13.0.5.0. The optimized solution was 1.40% baking powder and 1.66% glycerol monostearate. The desirability of this model was 0.93.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis Using Different Solvents of Neolamarckia cadamba Fruit Extracts
Authors: Shikha Swati , Kumar Anil
Published: June 2023

Neolamarckia cadamba is a commonly found tree in India and is known for its large green leaves and ball shaped flowers and fruits. Also tree is culturally and economically important plant of India and is traditionally used for preparation of herbal medicines because of its various pharmacological properties. Although bark and leaves are mostly utilized whereas fruits are somewhat lagging behind in terms of its medicinal usages. This present study deals with the antibacterial properties of Neolamarckia cadamba (ripe and unripe) fruits. Six different solvent extracts which includes acetone, benzene, water, DMSO, ethanol and methanol (mg/ml) were prepared for the screening of antibacterial properties of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits against gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. It was observed that zone of inhibition was highest in ethanolic extract (14 mm) of ripe fruit against the Bacillus subtilis. Zone of inhibition was found lowest in acetonic extract (5 mm) of ripe fruits whereas no zone of inhibition was found in benzene and ethanolic extract of unripe fruits. Out of both fruits, ripe was found to be most effective against both strains whereas out of six solvents ethanolic and methanolic extracts were found to be most effective.
Effect of Emulsifiers on Quality Parameters of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Milk Concentrate
Authors: Jaddu Samuel , Sharma Alka , Bitra Venkata S.P.
Published: June 2023

Coconut milk was treated with emulsifiers, namely, Tween 80 (0.5% and 1.0%) and Tween 20 (0.25% and 0.75%) for preparing the coconut milk concentrate. Treated coconut milk was evaporated to reach desirable consistency more than 20% TSS. Increase in emulsifier concentration in the coconut milk not only reduced the time taken for product preparation, but also, controlled breakage of fat globules in coconut milk. Prepared coconut milk concentrate was analyzed for moisture, fat, pH, TSS and over run, sensory parameters like color, appearance, taste, texture, flavor and overall acceptability using 9-point Hedonic scale during 21 days of storage eat refrigerated conditions. Moisture, over run and TSS increased while fat and pH decreased during storage. Results showed that the concentrate prepared with different treatments were significantly different with each other at p≤0.05. Among all concentrate samples prepared, 0.5% Tween 80 emulsifier additions appeared to be the best treatment till 7th day of storage in terms of sensory parameters.
Humeral Head Avascular Necrosis
Authors: Cehelyk Eli K. , Stull Justin D. , Patel Manan S. , Cox Ryan M. , Namdari Surena
Published: June 2023

» Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head is the result of ischemic injury to the epiphyseal bone leading to humeral head collapse and arthritis.

» Common causes include trauma, chronic corticosteroid use, or systemic disease processes, such as sickle cell disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, or alcohol abuse.

» Nonoperative treatment consists of risk factor management, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and activity modification.

» Surgical treatment options include arthroscopic debridement, core decompression, vascularized bone grafts, and shoulder arthroplasty.
Efficacy of Several Fungicides Against Root Rot Disease (Phytophthora capsici Leonian) on Pepper
Authors: Diyasti Farriza , Permana Erwin Irawan
Published: June 2023

Root rot disease caused by the fungus Phytophthora capsici can cause up to 60% yield loss of pepper in West Kalimantan, which is spread across Singkawang, Bengkayang, Pontianak, Sintang, and Sekadau Regencies. Control of BPB chemically with fungicide is considered to be effective enough to suppress BPB both in vitro and in the field. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of several fungicide active ingredients that are widely used in BPB control, namely Chlorotalonil, Azoxystrobin, Mankozeb, and Phosphoric Acid. Efficacy tests were carried out on sample plant plots consisting of 25 sample trees for each treatment of the active ingredient of the fungicide. Fungicide application was carried out 3 times (2-week intervals) within 3 months. BPB attack intensity was calculated to obtain the Efficacy Level (TE) category of the active ingredients used. The fungicide with the active ingredient phosphite acid showed the highest efficacy level of 30.06%, while the active ingredients Azoxystrobin and Mankozeb had TE values of 29.01% and 28.23%, respectively. The lowest result was the function with the active ingredient Chlorotalonil with a TE percentage of only 4.13%.
Multiple-Point Geostatistical Simulation of Nonstationary Sedimentary Facies Models Based on Fuzzy Rough Sets and Spatial-Feature Method
Authors: Zhang Dailu , Zhang Hongbing , Ren Quan , Zhao Xiang
Published: June 2023

3D simulation of sedimentary facies using seismic data is vital for reservoir evaluation and estimation of oil and gas reserves. As a result of the high nonstationarity of sedimentary facies and the highly nonlinear characteristics of seismic attributes, the mapping relationship with sedimentary facies has certain ambiguities and uncertainties that affect the modeling results of sedimentary facies. Multipoint geostatistics (MPS) has proven to be an effective technique for modeling subsurface geological bodies. However, the conventional MPS only deals with stationary applications, and its capability of revealing the distribution of sedimentary facies is thereby limited. In addition, the task of seismic attributes selection, which significantly affects the performance of the modeling method in simulating the distribution of sedimentary facies, is difficult because the relationship between sedimentary facies and seismic attributes is complex. This article presents a nonstationary modeling method for simulating the distribution of sedimentary facies, which is featured by the multiscale spatial feature of patterns. In particular, the spatial location of the patterns is introduced as auxiliary information in the classification and simulation processes. The method incorporates multiscale results during the modeling procedure. Patterns from the multicategory training images (TIs) are classified by the optimized workflow. The seismic attribute selection is achieved by using fuzzy-rough sets. The proposed simulation method is verified by two typical TIs, followed by applications to predict the actual distribution of sedimentary facies. Compared with the filter-based pattern simulation (FILTERSIM) approach, the proposed simulation method is applicable for revealing detailed subsurface models, especially under complex geological conditions and limited information.
WITHDRAWN: Feasibility of using Gag proteins to reawaken dormant HIV infection based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Chen S.
Published: June 2023

The technique of using drugs to target latent virus reservoirs has been introduced to reawaken dormant viruses such that the immune system can attack them, but further tests have shown this method fails. In this study, the author attempted to analyze whether drugs can be used to reawaken dormant virus reservoirs and proposed the use of viral proteins to activate the sleeping virus. The results show that the amino acid sequence ARG of Gag proteins of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, STLV-1 and STLV-2 match their primer binding site GGGGGCTCG in the 3'-to-5' direction and that the amino acid sequence SPR of Gag proteins of HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV and FIV match their primer binding site GGCGCCCGA in the 3'-to-5' direction. The author hence believes that the latency-reversing drugs are involved in the process of the transcription of cancer genes, and because the virus genome they reawaken contains the same NF-κB binding sites, the drugs indirectly reawaken dormant retrovirus infection. Related studies showed that the genomic Gag/Gag-Pol complex recruits the LysRS/tRNA complex, the selective packaging of the tRNA primer requires HIV-1 Gag and Gag-Pol, and an interaction between LysRS and Gag is observed in vitro. In contrast, Gag proteins can more reliably be used to directly reawaken dormant HIV infection, which recruits human uncharged tRNA to serve as the reverse transcription primer.
Comparison of temporary external and percutaneous k-wire fixations for treatment of ankle fracture–dislocations
Authors: Xie Wenjun , Li He , Zhang Cheng , Cui Xueliang , Zhang Sheng , Rui Yunfeng , Chen Hui
Published: June 2023

Purpose Ankle fracture–dislocations are among the most severe injuries, and the use of an external fixator as a recommended fixation method has some disadvantages. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and complication rates of external and K-wire fixations in the treatment of ankle fracture dislocations. Methods A total of 67 patients with ankle fracture–dislocations requiring temporary external or percutaneous K-wire fixation were included. The exclusion criteria were pilon fractures, open fractures, and those who required acute open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle–hindfoot score, a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) score (range 0–10), and complications before and after the definitive surgery were recorded. Results A significant difference between the two groups was not observed for age, sex, affected side, fracture type, smoking status, or diabetes. The average AOFAS scores were 83.2 and 83.3, the median VAS scores were 3 and 3, and the complication rates were 32.4% and 6.7% in the external and K-wire fixation groups, respectively (p = 0.010). However, skin necrosis, re-dislocation of the ankle, surgical wound infection, and posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis frequency were not significantly different between the groups, except for pin-sites infection (p = 0.036). Conclusion Ankle fracture–dislocations using percutaneous k-wire fixation showed a low rate of complications and favorable clinical outcomes. This method could be a good alternative treatment option for ankle fracture-dislocations.
Aged care services as facilitators of delayed inclusion – An analysis of institutional discourses on service provision for older migrants in Germany
Authors: Goettler Andrea , Willis Rosalind
Published: June 2023

Background: Migration within and to Europe in the past decades has led to a growing diversity and a rising proportion of migrants in the older population. Germany has encouraged labour migration since the 1960s and many migrants who arrived for work in the past decades decided to stay and are now growing old in Germany. Health and social care institutions intend to acknowledge this change and adapt to the cultural diversity in aged care. This process can also be observed in the city of Munich, which is characterised by a high percentage of citizens with a migration background and an increasing population of older migrants.
Methods: This study examines discourses on older migrants and their access to health and social care in Germany, associated challenges and proposed solutions. Problem-centred interviews were carried out with 18 professionals from public, welfare and charity organisations who develop, organise or provide aged care services for older migrants. The analysis examines the narratives of migrant representations, constructions of healthy ageng and phenomenal structures of services provision following the sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD) research programme.
Results: The discourses on older migrants in public and social care institutions demonstrate how being defined as a migrant is related to cultural, socioeconomic and language difference and particularly stresses the structural challenges labour migrants experienced throughout and after employment. Thus, improving accessibility to health and social care is presented as a public responsibility, which aims to recognise the increasing diversity in older age and to create low threshold access to these services.
Conclusions: Recognising the increasing diversity in older age by implementing diversity sensitive frameworks and improving accessibility to health and social care services could provide an opportunity for (delayed) inclusion in public services for older migrants.
Psilocybin decelerates cellular senescence
Authors: Hecker Louise , kato kosuke , Kleinhenz Jennifer M. Kleinhenz , Shin Yoon-Joo , Papageorgiou John , Zarrabi Ali
Published: June 2023

Psilocybin is the psychoactive substance contained in the psilocybe(hallucinogenic) mushroom, which has received considerable attention among the scientific community in recent years. Human studies have demonstrated that even a single-dose of psilocybin can improve debilitating physical and psychological symptoms with durable long-term effects. >136 clinical studies with psilocybin have been completed or are ongoing for various indications, including psychiatric, neurodegenerative, chronic pain, and more. However, despite considerable clinical evidence for the therapeutic effects, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for its beneficial actions remain enigmatic. Studies with psilocybin have overwhelmingly focused on neurological impacts and/or behavioral outcomes; however, few studies have evaluated other mechanisms by which it exerts beneficial effects. It has recently been hypothesized that psilocybin may exert beneficial effects on aging; however, no studies have experimentally investigated the impact of psilocybin on senescence/aging. Using a previously validated human cell model of replicative senescence in vitro, cells were treated with psilocybin continuously throughout their replicative cellular lifecycle. Psilocybin treatment led to a dose-dependent decrease in cell-cycle arrest markers, increased markers of DNA replication and proliferation, reduced senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and reduced oxidative stress levels. Further, psilocybin did not demonstrate senolytic activity. Overall, these data are the first experimental evidence suggesting that psilocybin may decelerate the process of cellular senescence. Given that senescence and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous age-related diseases, these studies could lay the foundation for the use of psilocybin as a therapeutic strategy for many age-related disease indications and/or as a geroprotective agent.
Dietary protein in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study
Authors: luo tingyu , Wei Hui-xin , Chen Hong-yan , Yang Yi-ling , Wei Feng-xiang , Chen Wei-qiang
Published: June 2023

Purpose The relationship between dietary protein intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains inconsistent and unclear. Here, we examined the correlation between the various sources of protein intake among Chinese pregnant women and GDM.Methods This prospective cohort study included 1060 pregnant women at 6–13+ 6 weeks of gestation from Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, South China. The participants' intake of dietary protein was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire during the early trimester. GDM was diagnosed via an oral glucose tolerance test performed at 24–28 gestational weeks. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between dietary protein intake during pregnancy and GDM. Furthermore, we applied restricted cubic splines to determine their linear relationship.Results About 26.3% (n = 279) of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM. Animal protein intake was revealed to have a positive correlation with GDM risk (Q4 vs. Q1: OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.46–5.34; P = 0.015), whereas high intake levels of dietary plant protein were linked to reduced GDM risk (Q4 vs. Q1: OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25–0.73). In stratified analysis, the relationship between protein and GDM was stronger during early pregnancy in women with obesity. However, total protein intake did not show a significant association with GDM.Conclusions Our study findings suggest that a plant protein-based diet was associated with reduced GDM risk, whereas the dietary intake of animal protein was positively associated with GDM risk among Chinese women during early pregnancy.
Allosteric inhibition of IgE–FcεRI interactions by simultaneous targeting of different epitopes on IgE F(ab’)2
Authors: Koyanagi Akemi , Ago Hideo , Yamamoto Masaki , Kitaura Jiro , Kasai Masataka , Okumura Ko , Hirano Takao
Published: June 2023

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays pivotal roles in allergic diseases through interaction with a high-affinity receptor (FcεRI). We established that Fab fragments of anti-IgE antibodies (HMK-12 Fab) rapidly dissociate preformed IgE-FcεRI complexes in a temperature-dependent manner and inhibit IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions, even after an allergen challenge. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed that the light and heavy chains of HMK-12 Fab interact with the Cε2 homodimer domain and light chain of IgE F(ab’)2, respectively. Consequently, complex formation resulted in a decrease in the asymmetric structural features of IgE Fc domains and the dissociation of IgE. This unexpected finding of the allosteric inhibition of IgE-FcεRI interactions by simultaneous targeting of different epitopes on IgE F(ab’)2 has implications for the development of novel therapies for allergic diseases.
Analysing the implementation of infection prevention and control measures in health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the African Region
Authors: Kabego Landry , Balde Thierno , Barasa Deborah , Ndoye Babacar , Hilde Okou-Bisso , Makamure Tendai , Mulumeoderwa Guy Ohirweoluhya , Kanyowa Trevor , Kamara Rashidatu , Hamadou Boiro , Ogundiran Opeayo , Okeibunor Joseph , Williams George , Tusiime Jayne Byakika , Atuhebwe Phionah Lynn , Oyugi Boniface , Mawanda Elande-Taty , Razakamanantsoa Andry , Braka Fiona , Chamla Dick , Gueye Abdou Salam
Published: June 2023

Background
The declaration of SARS-CoV-2 as a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020 prompted the need to strengthen infection prevention and control (IPC) capacities within health care facilities (HCF). IPC guidelines, with standard and transmission-based precautions to be put in place to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at these HCFs were developed. Based on these IPC guidelines, a rapid assessment scorecard tool, with 14 components, to enhance assessment and improvement of IPC measures at HCFs was developed. This study assessed the level of implementation of the IPC measures in HCFs across the African Region during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method
An observational study was conducted from April 2020 to November 2022 in 17 countries in the African Region to monitor the progress made in implementing IPC standard and transmission-based precautions in primary-, secondary- and tertiary-level HCFs. A total of 5168 primary, secondary and tertiary HCFs were assessed. The HCFs were assessed and scored each component of the tool. Statistical analyses were done using R (version 4.2.0).
Results
A total of 11 564 assessments were conducted in 5153 HCFs, giving an average of 2.2 assessments per HCF. The baseline median score for the facility assessments was 60.2%. Tertiary HCFs and those dedicated to COVID-19 patients had the highest IPC scores. Tertiary-level HCFs had a median score of 70%, secondary-level HCFs 62.3% and primary-level HCFs 56.8%. HCFs dedicated to COVID-19 patients had the highest scores, with a median of 68.2%, followed by the mixed facilities that attended to both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, with 64.84%. On the components, there was a strong correlation between high IPC assessment scores and the presence of IPC focal points in HCFs, the availability of IPC guidelines in HCFs and HCFs that had all their health workers trained in basic IPC.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a functional IPC programme with a dedicated focal person is a prerequisite for implementing improved IPC measures at the HCF level. In the absence of an epidemic, the general IPC standards in HCFs are low, as evidenced by the low scores in the non-COVID-19 treatment centres.
Sagliker Syndrome: A case of Chronic Renal Failure with Uncontrolled Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Gu Er-min , Xue Lingjie , Ye Xiaolan , Ru Yuefang
Published: June 2023

Man, 55-year-old, developed Sagliker syndrome (SS) in the course of hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease from 2008, as a result of uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). His medical managements failed and he had no chance of kidney transplantation. Although surgical parathyroidectomy was rejected and the disease development could not be reversed, PTH began to decline and SS progressed slowly under the control of management and guidance in medication treatment. It is possible that such patients can survive with long-time dialysis, but the prevention of severe SHPT is critical.
Physiological ER stress caused by amylase production induces regulated Ire1-dependent mRNA decay in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Tanaka Mizuki , Zhang Silai , Sato Shun , Yokota Jun-ichi , Sugiyama Yuko , Kawarasaki Yasuaki , Yamagata Youhei , Gomi Katsuya , Shintani Takahiro
Published: June 2023

Regulated Ire1-dependent decay (RIDD) is a feedback mechanism in which the endoribonuclease Ire1 cleaves endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized mRNAs encoding secretory and membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells under ER stress. RIDD is artificially induced by chemicals that generate ER stress; however, its importance under physiological conditions remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of RIDD in filamentous fungus using Aspergillus oryzae as a model, which secretes copious amounts of amylases. α-Amylase mRNA was rapidly degraded by IreA, an Ire1 ortholog, depending on its ER-associated translation when mycelia were treated with dithiothreitol, an ER-stress inducer. The mRNA encoding maltose permease MalP, a prerequisite for the induction of amylolytic genes, was also identified as an RIDD target. Importantly, RIDD of malP mRNA is triggered by inducing amylase production without any artificial ER stress inducer. Our data provide the first evidence that RIDD occurs in eukaryotic microorganisms under physiological ER stress.
Summer and autumn tropical cyclone activity over South Korea responds in opposite ways to ENSO phases
Authors: Park Doo-Sun R. , Lee Chan-Ki , Chang Minhee , Park Tae-Won , Park Chang-Kyun
Published: June 2023

It is known that the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is not a factor in the interannual variation of the number of tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting South Korea during the TC season, which generally includes both summer (July-August) and autumn (September-October). By dividing the TC season into two sub-seasons, i.e. summer and autumn, we found the opposite response of TC activity over South Korea to ENSO phases between the sub-seasons. In summer, a larger number of TCs influence South Korea during El Niño than during La Niña, while a smaller number of TCs do so in autumn. The opposite responses to ENSO could reduce the statistical significance of the relationship between ENSO and TC activity over South Korea when the entire TC season (July to October) is considered. In summer, the southerly anomaly over the southern sea of the Korean peninsula due to the eastward retreating subtropical high allows a greater number of TCs to approach South Korea during El Niño compared to La Niña. On the other hand, in autumn, the northwesterly anomaly due to the westward extension of the subtropical high leads to a smaller number of TC approaches.
Central Bank Communication about Climate Change
Authors: Arseneau David , Osada Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2023

This paper applies natural language processing to a large corpus of central bank speeches to identify those related to climate change. We analyze these speeches to better understand how central banks communicate about climate change. By all accounts, communication about climate change has accelerated sharply in recent years. The breadth of topics covered is wide, ranging from the impact of climate change on the economy to financial innovation, sustainable finance, monetary policy, and the central bank mandate. Financial stability concerns are touched upon, but macroprudential policy is rarely mentioned. Direct central bank action largely revolves around identifying and monitoring potential risks to the financial system. Finally, we find that central banks tend to use speculative language more frequently when talking about climate change relative to other topics.
JEL Classifications: E58; E61; Q54
Insights into chitosan-cleaving enzymes by simultaneous analysis of polymers and oligomers via SEC-RI-ESI-MS
Authors: Hellmann Margareta J. , Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Cord-Landwehr Stefan
Published: June 2023

The detailed characterization of chitosan-cleaving enzymes is of great importance to unveil structure-function relationships of this promising class of biomolecules, both for enzymatic fingerprinting analyses and to use the enzymes as biotechnological tools for the production of tailor-made chitosans for diverse applications. Analyzing polymeric substrates as well as oligomeric products has proven a suitable way to understand the enzymes’ actions but currently, this requires separate, rather laborious methods to obtain the full picture. Here, we describe size exclusion chromatography coupled to refractive index and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection (SEC-RI-ESI-MS) as a simple and fast way to semi-quantitatively analyze chitosan oligomers and to concomitantly determine the average molecular weight and its distribution for chitosan polymers. By sampling live from an ongoing enzymatic reaction, SEC-RI-ESI-MS offers the unique opportunity to analyze polymers and oligomers simultaneously – i.e. to follow the reduction in molecular weight of the polymeric substrate over the course of the digestion, while at the same time analyzing the emerging oligomeric products in a quantitative manner. In this way, a single simple analysis yields detailed insights into an enzyme’s action on a given substrate.
Addition of logging residues short-term affects basic soil parameters and soil organic carbon in six types of urban plantations
Authors: Xing Honglin , Zhang Hao , Tang Guoru , Yuan Tianhe , Wang Ruirui , Shen Hailong , Yang Ling
Published: June 2023

Different treatments of logging residues can impact on the forest soil carbon pool, but the short-term effects are still unclear. This study aimed to the relationship between the changes of the addition of logging residues and different tree species soil organic carbon content and basic soil parameters. The experimental site was located in Harbin, China, and four logging residue addition levels were set under six forest types, converted to carbon added as 0, 250 (low carbon addition, LC), 500 (medium carbon addition, MC) and 1000 (high carbon addition, HC) g/m2. In the short-term (five months), the logging residues partially decomposed, but the effect on basic soil parameters was small. Soil organic carbon, microbial carbon, and dissolved organic carbon increased significantly in the 0–10 cm soil layer for some tree species, and not significantly in the 10 –20 cm soil layer. There is no consistent relationship between the addition of logging residues and soil parameters under different tree species. That adding logging residues could increase soil carbon pool, there were treespeciesspecific differences in the dynamics of soil processes.
Prognostic Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Gallbladder Cancer: a Population- Based and Propensity Score Matched SEER Analysis
Authors: Xiong Yichen , Yang Zi-yi , Gong Albie , Wu Zi-you , Liu Shi-lei , Zhu Yi-di , Song Xiao-ling , Chu Bing-feng , Wu Xiang-song , Gong Wei
Published: June 2023

Background:
The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of NACT on overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), and to explore possible protective predictors for prognosis.
Methods:
GBC patients’ data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients in the NACT and non-NACT groups were propensity score matched (PSM) 1:3, the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were performed to analyze the impact of NACT on OS and CSS. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were applied to identify the possible prognostic factors.
Results:
Of the 5,003 cases diagnosed as stage I-III GBC according to AJCC 8th TNM stage, 64 NACT and 192 non-NACT patients remained after PSM. In all GBC patients, the median OS of the NACT and non-NACT was 31 and 20 months (log-rank P＜0.001), and the median CSS of NACT and non-NACT was 31 and 24 months (log-rank P=0.002). While in advanced GBC patients, the median OS of the NACT and non-NACT groups were 27 and 16 months (log-rank P＜0.001), respectively, and the median CSS of the NACT and non-NACT groups were 27 and 19 months (log-rank P=0.006), respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that NACT, lymph node dissection (LND) and surgery type were positive protective factors for OS and CSS in GBC patients.
Conclusions:
Patients receiving NACT had significantly better survival than those that did not. NACT may provide therapeutic benefits for GBC patients, especially for those at an advanced stage. NACT combined with radical surgery improved the survival time of GBC patients. Therefore, NACT combined with surgery may provide a better treatment option for advanced GBC patients.
Using Video Analysis and Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Explore Association Rules and Influence Scenarios in Elite Table Tennis Matches
Authors: Liu Jing-Wei , Hsu Ming-Hua , Lai Chun-Liang , Wu Sheng-K
Published: June 2023

To become an elite table tennis player, aside from continually practicing, players must know their strengths and weaknesses to plan their strategy beforehand and increase their rate of winning. The main problems with previous research are that the data collected were incomplete and imprecise. To address these problems, we established” The Intellectual Tactical System in Competitive Table Tennis”, using video analysis to collect competitive data. And, we proposed a machine learning method using a combination of feature-selection and association rules to discover interesting rules from the data. The international matches of the Taiwanese table tennis single player Yun-Ju Lin were used as research samples by applying 3S (speed, spin, spot) theory to collect and analyze data. The critical factors and scenarios were analyzed to identify the winning tactical models. The results of this study may provide useful suggestions for Yun-Ju Lin on training and building tactics in competitions.
Winter precipitation predictability in Central Southwest Asia and its representation in seasonal forecast systems
Authors: Kucharski Fred , Johnson Nathaniel , Ashfaq Moetasim , Horan Mathew
Published: June 2023

In Central Southwest Asia (CSWA), winter precipitation contributes significantly to the annual mean, but substantial interannual variations exist. Dynamical models exhibit subpar predictability in this region, but it still needs to be established what limits their skills. Here, we identify the major tropical and extratropical forcings that explain three-fourths of area-averaged seasonal variability in CSWA winter precipitation. Tropical forcing comes from the indirect ENSO pathway, the leading mode of precipitation variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. This precipitation mode is coupled with ENSOrelated sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific Ocean. A direct ENSO influence on CSWA does not extend beyond its Indian Ocean connection. Extratropical forcing comes from a large-scale mode arising from internal atmospheric variability. The spatial structure, interannual variability of tropical forcing, and its teleconnection with CSWA winter precipitation are skillfully depicted in two seasonal forecasting systems, SEAS5 and SPEAR. Extratropical forcing spatial structure is also produced skillfully in the two modeling systems; however, the representation of its interannual seasonal variability and teleconnection with CSWA winter precipitation require improvements. While SEAS5 displays reasonable skill in representing extratropical forcing influence on CSWA winter precipitation and marginal skill in reproducing interannual seasonal variability, SPEAR has negligible ability in both areas. Consequently, these models have limited predictive skills over CSWA in winter. While improvements in representing extratropical forcing in dynamical models may be inherently limited as it primarily arises from internal
Gender difference in the association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones with incident high remnant cholesterol levels in euthyroid adults
Authors: Guo Wen , Lu Jing , Li Xiaona , Zhu Wenfang , Xu Nianzhen , Jia Jue , Zhang Qun
Published: June 2023

Background
Whether resistance to thyroid hormones affect the atherogenic remnant cholesterol (RC) levels remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the association of sensitivity to thyroid hormones with the incident high RC levels in euthyroid Chinese adults and further explore this association was modified by gender differences.
Methods
We performed a post hoc analysis including eligible participants from the 11223 who underwent at least two health examinations and were with RC < 0.8 at baseline from 2006 to 2010. Central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones such as thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI) and thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI) and free triiodothyronine (FT3)/free thyroxine (FT4) were calculated.
Results
Participants with RC levels had higher levels of TSHI ,TT4RI and TFQI than participants in the normal RC group in females. However, there were no differences of TSHI, TT4RI, TFQI and FT3/FT4 between the normal RC group and the high RC group in males. In the multi-adjusted models, the highest tertiles (tertiles 3) of TSHI was associated with an increased high RC levels risk compared with the lowest tertiles (tertiles 1) (HR = 1.819, 95%CI 1.268–2.607, P = 0.001) in females. The association was also significant using TT4RI and TFQI as indices of central sensitivity to thyroid hormones in females. In stratified analyses, the relationship between thyroid hormone sensitivity and incident high RC levels was statistically significant in women < 48 years old, but not in ≥ 48 years old.
Conclusion
High TSHI ,TT4RI and TFQI increase risk of incident high RC levels in euthyroid Chinese adults in females, suggesting that central resistance of thyroid hormones may participant in the pathophysiological process of high RC levels.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Gabapentinoid Hybrids with Isoindole-1,3-(2H) Dione Moiety as potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer
Authors: Jabbour Mirna , Al-Khayat Mohammad Ammar , Murad Hossam , Ktaifani Mahmoud Al
Published: June 2023

Purpose:To synthesize new Isoindole-1,3-(2H) Dione derivatives by molecular hybridization of Gabapentin, and Pregabalin with phthalic anhydride derivatives, and to evaluate their biological activity as promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.Method:Molecular hybridization was successfully achieved by two procedures; synthesized compounds were characterized using analytical and spectral methods. Free radical scavenging properties of synthesized compounds were evaluated using DPPH method. Antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds, and parent compounds was evaluated against two microbial gram-positive and gram-negative strains by well diffusion method. Furthermore, we have studied effect of compounds on proliferation, cell cycle and cell death of two human cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and HCT-116).Results:Compounds1,3,4exhibited good free radical scavenging effect, compound3is the most effective with IC50value 2.525 µmol/mL. All Compounds showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus Aureus related to concentration while parent drugs did not exhibit any antibacterial effect. Compounds1and2showed good zone of inhibition against Escherichia Coli at micromolar concentrations, and they are more effective than gentamycin sulfate. Treatment with studied compounds suppresses proliferation, arrests progress throughout the cell cycle and induces apoptosis in Caco-2 and HCT-116 cancer cells. Compound2is highly effective against Caco-2 cells and more effective than Thalidomide, with IC50value less than 1 µmol/L.Conclusion:Our results showed that molecular hybridization of Gabapentin, and Pregabalin in Isoindole-1,3(2H) Dione moiety result in promising anti-cancer and antimicrobial molecules. Results of this preliminary study show that halogenation of Isoindole-1,3-(2H) dione moiety improves antimicrobial, and anticancer activity, and that tetra-brominated derivatives are comparable or more effective than related tetra-chlorinated derivatives.
Hsa-miR-34b-3p alleviates sepsis by relieving autoimmunosuppressive effects of ADRB2
Authors: Fu Lin , Chen Jie , Zheng Anfu , Zhang Duoli , Xiao Mintao , Zhao Yueshui , Wu Xu , Li Mingxing , Du Fukuan , Chen Yu , Shen Jing , Deng Shuai , Xiao Zhangang
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) and potential target genes through bioinformatics analysis, and investigate the underlying mechanisms of sepsis.Materials and MethodsWe collected miRNA expression profiles from sepsis patients and healthy individuals, screened differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between sepsis patients and healthy individuals by bioinformatics analysis, and constructed miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks using online databases. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was used to annotate the biological functions and pathways of the genes. Single Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) assessed immunological characteristics in sepsis samples. Single cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were used to discover gene expression in different cell clusters.ResultsFour miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in sepsis patients compared to healthy controls, with hsa-miR-34b-3p, hsa-miR-3663-3p and hsa-miR-4446-5p upregulated and hsa-miR-625-5p downregulated. ADRB2 may be a potential target of hsa-miR-34b-3p, and DisGeNET database showed that ADRB2 may be related to sepsis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested that ADRB2 has potential as a diagnostic marker for sepsis. The ssGSEA result showed that ADRB2 expression was positively correlated with T cell co-inhibition, and negatively correlated with dendritic cell infiltration. ScRNA-seq data showed that ADRB2 expression was increased in natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells in sepsis patients in contrast to healthy controls.ConclusionADRB2 may suppress the autoimmunity of patients with sepsis, thus aggravating sepsis. It can be used as a new diagnostic biomarker and molecular therapeutic target. Hsa-miR-34b-3p can inhibit the expression of ADRB2, relieve its immunosuppressive effect and alleviate sepsis to a certain extent.