bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Phenomena as Related to Oil Recovery Mechanisms
Authors: Melrose J. C.
Published: April 2023

Thermodynamic and hydrostatic principles are applied to commingled immiscible fluid phases occupying the interstices of a porous solid. Particular attention is given to the conditions of hydrostatic equilibrium for systems which include both fluid‐fluid interfacial and three‐phase contact line regions. The configurational stability of fluid interfaces is also examined. Some model pore systems are considered, and estimates obtained for the magnitude of the hysteresis in capillary pressure in such cases. These considerations define the role of interfacial phenomena in determining the extent to which a non‐wetting fluid can be displaced from a porous solid.

On applique des principes de thermodynamique et d'hydrostatique aux phases de fluides non‐miscibles qui occupent ensemble les interstices d'un solide poreux. On prête une attention particulière aux conditions d'équilibre hydrostatique dans le cas de systèmes qui comprennent à la fois des zones interfaciales pour deux fluides et des régions de ligne de contact pour trois phases. On examine aussi la stabilité structurales des interfaces des fluides. On considère certains modèles de systèmes pourcux et obtient dans ces cas des estimés sur l'ampleur de l'hystérèse en pression capillaire. Les considérations précitées permettent de définir le rôle des phénomènes interfaciaux en déterminant jusqu'à quel point on peut déplacer un fluide non‐mouillant d'un solide poreux.
Oil and Gas from Cellulose by Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Kranich Wilmer L. , Weiss Alvin H.
Published: April 2023

A conceptual process is described, based on laboratory data, for converting cellulosic feed to liquid and gaseous fuels by catalytic hydrogenation. In a preliminary economic analysis, major cost centers are identified common to hydroprocessing of all similar solid fuels. The process would be economically attractive only if the price of crude oil rises more rapidly than inflation.

On décrit un procédé conceptuel basé sur des résultats d'expériences de laboratoire pour transformer, par hydrogénation catalytique, un produit cellulosique en combustibles liquides et gazeux. Dans une analyse économique préliminaire, on identifie les coûts principaux similaires à ceux de l'hydro‐traitement de tous les combustibles solides semblables. Ce procédé ne serait attrayant au point de vue économique que si le prix de l'huile brute s'élevait plus rapidement que l'inflation.
Assessing hospitalists' opinions regarding the role of environmental health within the practice of hospital medicine
Authors: Gordon Lesley B. , Liu Katherine T. , Hudak Nicole C. , Auerbach Andrew
Published: April 2023

Background

Environmental health represents the concept that a stable climate and clean environment are fundamental prerequisites for good human health. Despite growing awareness of the impact of climate change more broadly, knowledge of environmental health has not fully entered mainstream medicine in the United States.

Objective

To understand practicing hospitalists' perspectives regarding the current and future roles of environmental health within the practice of hospital medicine, as well as existing barriers and potential motivators to its further inclusion.

Methods

We conducted virtual focus groups of practicing hospitalists in partnership with the Hospital Medicine Reengineering Network from across the United States. Structured interviews elicited hospitalists' thoughts pertaining to environmental health. Transcripts then underwent descriptive coding to identify and group comments into themes.

Results

We conducted three focus groups with a total of 14 physician participants. Four themes emerged: the negative environmental impact of the healthcare system, a lack of prioritization of environmental health within hospital medicine, the potential for expanding environmental health in nonclinical roles including medical education, and the importance of systems‐level support.

Conclusion

Environmental health is felt to be of importance, and while there exist avenues to do better, there is limited understanding of hospitalists' most effective role in making change.
National risks and equity strategies for cross‐border mergers and acquisitions in the tourism industry
Authors: Song Changyao , Tao Zhihua , Li Xinjian
Published: April 2023

Uncertainties and risks have posed significant challenges to cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in tourism. By using the cross‐border M&A data from 2000 to 2020, this study examines the relationship between the national risks of the host country and equity strategies for cross‐border M&As in tourism. The results show that the greater the host country's comprehensive risk and economic risk, the less inclined the tourism industry is to adopt high‐equity M&A strategies, and the fewer the shares and the lower the amount of cross‐border M&A transactions. Industry correlation negatively moderates the effect of national risks while institutional distance has positive moderating effect. The moderating role of cultural distance on the equity selection effect of national risks is limited.
Efficient Fiber‐to‐Chip Interface via an Intermediated CdS Nanowire
Authors: Jin Yingying , Yang Liu , Huang Yishu , Yang Yuxin , Wang Pan , Dai Daoxin , Guo Xin , Tong Limin
Published: April 2023

An efficient fiber‐to‐chip interface via an intermediated CdS nanowire is demonstrated. The fiber mode is firstly squeezed through a fiber taper drawn at the end of a single‐mode fiber, then evanescently coupled into an intermediated CdS nanowire with a longitudinally tapering profile, and finally coupled into an on‐chip silicon waveguide (SiW) via a waveguide taper fabricated on it. Since the fiber‐nanowire‐SiW cascade structure is designed to match effective indices in each coupling area, such a fiber‐to‐chip interface ensures a bidirectional coupling efficiency up to 90% and a 3‐dB bandwidth over 100 nm in experiments. The difference of coupling efficiencies between the TM or TE modes is less than 0.5 dB in the spectral range of 1545–1635 nm. The footprint of the on‐chip coupling structure is about 10 µm in size. The results may provide a compact, efficient, and versatile fiber‐to‐chip interface in applications including optical interconnects, coherent communication, and quantum optical circuitry.
3D Printing of Luminescent Glass with Controlled Distribution of Emission Colors for Multi‐Dimensional Optical Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Ouyang Min , Zhang Hao , Li Mingjia , Zhang Jie , Gong Yuqing , Huang Xiongjian , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Zhongmin , Dong Guoping
Published: April 2023

The fabrication of multicolor luminescent glass with simultaneous controlling of the distribution of emission colors within a monolithic medium has been a tremendous challenge, which, however, could be attractive for diverse photonic applications from optical storage to information encryption. Here, a space‐selective doping method based on a stereolithographic technique is designed, enabling the control of the doping domain of the active luminescence ions, such as Eu3+, Ce3+, Tb3+, and Pr3+, in 3D‐printed single silica glasses. The printed glass shows intense multicolor luminescence, and the interface between the two doping areas is invisible under natural light. By using this technique, multicolor luminescent glass with pre‐designed emission color distribution is fabricated, which enables facile and nondestructive decryption strategies based on photoluminescence under controlled excitation conditions. Besides, the extending of this strategy by using a femtosecond laser for photopolymerization dramatically improves the printing resolution down to the few‐micron scale, enabling the multi‐dimensional optical storage and encryption in miniaturized glass items. This work not only delineates the potential applications of multicolor luminescent glass for multi‐dimensional anti‐counterfeiting and information storage, but also opens up new avenues for prospective applications in sensing, lasers, and displays based on glasses with spatially engineered optical responses.
Association of dietary patterns, circulating lipid profile, and risk of obesity
Authors: Pan Lang , Shi Kexiang , Lv Jun , Pang Yuanjie , Guo Yu , Pei Pei , Du Huaidong , Millwood Iona , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Gao Ruqin , Yang Xiaoming , Avery Daniel , Chen Junshi , Yu Canqing , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming ,   the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: April 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to simultaneously explore the associations of major dietary patterns (DP) with lipid profiles and the associations of these profiles with general and central obesity risks and to evaluate the extent to which the metabolites mediate such associations.

Methods

Habitual food consumption of 4778 participants with an average age of 47.0 from the China Kadoorie Biobank was collected using a 12‐item food frequency questionnaire. Plasma samples were analyzed via targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to quantify 129 lipid‐related metabolites. Anthropometric information was measured by trained staff.

Results

Two DPs were derived by factor analysis. The newly affluent southern pattern was characterized by high intakes of rice, meat, poultry, and fish, whereas the balanced pattern was characterized by consuming meat, poultry, fish, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, dairy, eggs, and soybean. The newly affluent southern pattern was positively associated with 45 metabolites, which were positively associated with risks of obesity at the same time. The global lipid profile potentially explained 30.9%, 34.7%, and 53.1% of the effects of this DP on general obesity, waist circumference‐defined central obesity, and waist‐hip ratio‐defined central obesity, respectively.

Conclusions

The newly affluent southern pattern points to an altered lipid profile, which showed higher general and central obesity risks. These findings partly suggest the biological mechanism for the obesogenic effects of this DP.
Competitive ELISA for the identification of 35–55 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunodominant epitope conjugated with mannan
Authors: Gkika Areti , Androutsou Maria‐Eleni , Aletras Alexios J. , Tselios Theodore
Published: April 2023

Analogs of immunodominant myelin peptides involved in multiple sclerosis (MS: the most common autoimmune disease) have been extensively used to modify the immune response over the progression of the disease. The immunodominant 35–55 epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35–55) is an autoantigen appearing in MS and stimulates the encephalitogenic T cells, whereas mannan polysaccharide (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a carrier toward the mannose receptor of dendritic cells and macrophages. The conjugate of mannan‐MOG35–55 has been extensively studied for the inhibition of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE: an animal model of MS) by inducing antigen‐specific immune tolerance against the clinical symptoms of EAE in mice. Moreover, it presents a promising approach for the immunotherapy of MS under clinical investigation. In this study, a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect the MOG35–55 peptide that is conjugated to mannan. Intra‐ and inter‐day assay experiments proved that the proposed ELISA methodology is accurate and reliable and could be used in the following applications: (i) to identify the peptide (antigen) while it is conjugated to mannan and (ii) to adequately address the alterations that the MOG35–55 peptide may undergo when it is bound to mannan during production and stability studies.
Synoptic‐scale and mesoscale controls for tornadogenesis on cold fronts: A tornadic cold front in amplifying northwesterly flow
Authors: Clark M. R.
Published: April 2023

The structure and evolution of a cold front that produced a tornadic narrow cold‐frontal rainband (NCFR) over the UK on 20 November 2013 is explored using reanalysis data, high‐resolution model simulations and observations. Physical links are found to exist across a range of spatiotemporal scales, through which the evolving large‐scale flow field exerts an influence on the timing and location of miso‐scale vortex genesis, and therefore the potential for tornado genesis. The synoptic‐scale flow pattern exhibited amplification, consisting of upstream ridge building and downstream trough extension. A prominent jet streak and associated positive potential vorticity (PV) anomaly and tropopause fold moved rapidly southeastward on the rear flank of the extending upper‐level trough, the leading edge of these features eventually overspreading the surface cold front over the UK. Increasing 850 hPa frontogenesis occurred underneath the left exit of the jet streak and associated, intensifying, PV anomaly. A filament of dry, high‐PV air was extruded from the overlying tropopause fold within an intensifying front‐transverse circulation in this region. This dry filament eventually penetrated to low levels immediately behind the front, where it undercut the upper, rearward parts of the wide cold‐frontal precipitation band. Model fields and observations suggest that diabatic cooling, associated with sublimation of solid hydrometeors falling into the dry filament, led to the development of local downdraft and near‐surface divergence maxima and a prominent cold pool immediately behind the surface cold front over central England. Increases in horizontal convergence, updraft speed, and horizontal temperature gradients along the frontal boundary immediately ahead of the cold pool resulted in development of a locally well‐defined cold front and associated NCFR, where the surface front was formerly (and elsewhere continued to be) relatively weak. Tornadoes occurred in association with miso‐scale vortices that developed rapidly along an intensifying vertical vortex sheet at the NCFR.
Disparities in sustainable development goals compliance and their association with country risk
Authors: Marti Luisa , Cervelló‐Royo Roberto
Published: April 2023

The sustainable development goals are aimed at making humankind aware of the importance of establishing common guidelines relating to three fundamental purposes: eradicating poverty, protecting the planet, and improving people's lives. Sustainable development is linked to financial and business risk, financing is necessary to achieve the SDGs. In this context, the aim of this paper is to analyze the homogeneity in SDG achievement, based on People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership for year 2021. To that end, a cluster analysis is applied, distinguishing between two samples of countries defined by their level of wealth. Furthermore, a synthetic indicator is used to produce a ranking of countries according to their achievement of the SDGs; contingency tables are then created and the χ2 test is used to identify which country risk factors are associated with SDG achievement. The results indicate that the major powers perform similarly in successfully achieving the 5Ps. Also, the χ2 test confirms that a good economic and financial position which allows access to international financial markets at a reasonable cost is linked to optimal SDG achievement in high‐income areas. However, Economic assessment, Access to international capital markets and Debt indicators are not associated with better SDG achievement in the poorest countries.
Mathematics and Geometry in the Nembro Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge
Authors: Cardaci Alessio , Versaci Antonella , Azzola Pietro
Published: April 2023

Resiliency in concrete infrastructures has become an important issue. Adequate conservation/maintenance plans are essential to ensure their lifespan and preserve their value. Monitoring processes to assess their condition is an essential prerequisite which may benefit from cameras and UAVs. This paper focuses on the experience taken on Nembro arch bridge.
Anatomy of the Tsunami and Lamb Waves-Induced Ionospheric Signatures Generated by the 2022 Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Munaibari Edhah , Rolland Lucie , Sladen Anthony , Delouis Bertrand
Published: April 2023

As tsunamis propagate across open oceans, they remain largely unseen due to the lack of adequate sensors. To address this fundamental limitation of existing tsunami warnings, we investigate Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data to monitor the ionosphere Total Electron Content (TEC) for Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) created by tsunami-induced internal gravity waves (IGWs). The approach has been applied to regular tsunamis generated by earthquakes, while the case of undersea volcanic eruptions injecting energy into both the ocean and the atmosphere remains mostly unexplored. With both a regular tsunami and air-sea waves, the large 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption is a challenge. Here, we show that even in near-field regions (1000–1500 km), despite the complex wavefield, we can isolate the regular tsunami signature. We also highlight that the eruption-generated Lamb wave induces an ionospheric disturbance with a similar waveform and an amplitude spatial pattern consistent with IGW origin but with a quasi-constant propagation speed (~ 315 m/s). These results imply that when GNSS-TEC measurements are registered near an ocean bottom pressure sensor, they can help discriminating the regular tsunami from the initial air-sea waves appearing in the sensor observations.
Gender differences in the prevalence of mental distress in East and West Germany over time: a hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis, 2006–2021
Authors: Otten Daniëlle , Heller Ayline , Schmidt Peter , Beutel Manfred E. , Brähler Elmar
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Mental distress has become a major public health concern. Temporal trends in psychological distress are complex and depend on numerous factors. In this study, we examined age-period-cohort effects for mental distress including gender and German region over a 15 years’ time span.

Methods

Data on mental distress from ten cross-sectional surveys of the general German population, covering the years from 2006 to 2021, was used. Hierarchical age-period-cohort analyses including gender and German region as predictors were performed to disentangle age, period, and cohort effects. The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 was used as a brief screener for mental distress.

Results

We found significant period and cohort effects, with peek values for mental distress in the years 2017 and 2020 and for the oldest birth cohort (born before 1946). Age did not affect mental distress when cohort- and period effects as well as gender and German region were considered. An interaction effect for gender and the German region was found. Women in West Germany reported significantly higher mental distress compared to women in East Germany. Compared to men, women reported the highest prevalence in both regions.

Conclusion

Important political events as well as major crises can lead to an increase of mental distress in societies. Furthermore, an association between birth cohort and mental distress could be linked to socialization effects of that certain time, causing traumatic experiences or a specific coping style within this cohort group. Prevention and intervention strategies could benefit from acknowledging structural differences linked to period and cohort effects.
CD33 BiTE® molecule-mediated immune synapse formation and subsequent T-cell activation is determined by the expression profile of activating and inhibitory checkpoint molecules on AML cells
Authors: Marcinek Anetta , Brauchle Bettina , Rohrbacher Lisa , Hänel Gerulf , Philipp Nora , Märkl Florian , Strzalkowski Thaddäus , Lacher Sonja M. , Udiljak Dragica , Spiekermann Karsten , Theurich Sebastian , Kobold Sebastian , Kischel Roman , James John R. , Bücklein Veit L. , Subklewe Marion
Published: April 2023

Bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) molecules recruit T cells to cancer cells through CD3ε binding, independently of T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity. Whereas physiological T-cell activation is dependent on signal 1 (TCR engagement) and signal 2 (co-stimulation), BiTE molecule-mediated T-cell activation occurs without additional co-stimulation. As co-stimulatory and inhibitory molecules modulate the strength and nature of T-cell responses, we studied the impact of the expression profile of those molecules on target cells for BiTE molecule-mediated T-cell activation in the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Accordingly, we created a novel in vitro model system using murine Ba/F3 cells transduced with human CD33 ± CD86 ± PD-L1. T-cell fitness was assessed by T-cell function assays in co-cultures and immune synapse formation by applying a CD33 BiTE molecule (AMG 330). Using our cell-based model platform, we found that the expression of positive co-stimulatory molecules on target cells markedly enhanced BiTE molecule-mediated T-cell activation. The initiation and stability of the immune synapse between T cells and target cells were significantly increased through the expression of CD86 on target cells. By contrast, the co-inhibitory molecule PD-L1 impaired the stability of BiTE molecule-induced immune synapses and subsequent T-cell responses. We validated our findings in primary T-cell-AML co-cultures, demonstrating a PD-L1-mediated reduction in redirected T-cell activation. The addition of the immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) lenalidomide to co-cultures led to stabilization of immune synapses and improved subsequent T-cell responses. We conclude that target cells modulate CD33 BiTE molecule-dependent T-cell activation and hence, combinatorial strategies might contribute to enhanced efficacy.
Exploring the association of Brownfield remediation status with socioeconomic conditions in Wayne County, MI
Authors: O’Leary Brendan F. , Hill Alex B. , Linn Colleen , Lu Mei , Miller Carol J. , Newman Andrew , Sperone F. Gianluca , Zhang Qiong
Published: April 2023

Urban neighborhoods with locations of environmental contamination, known as brownfields, impact entire neighborhoods, but corrective environmental remedial action on brownfields is often tracked on an individual property basis, neglecting the larger neighborhood-level impact. This study addresses this impact by examining spatial differences between brownfields with unmitigated environmental concerns (open site) and sites that are considered fully mitigated or closed in urban neighborhoods (closed site) on the US census tract scale in Wayne County, MI. Michigan’s Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy’s leaking underground storage tank (LUST) database provided brownfield information for Wayne County. Local indicators of spatial association (LISA) produced maps of spatial clustering and outliers. A McNemar’s test demonstrated significant discordances in LISA categories between LUST open and closed sites (p < 0.001). Geographically weighted regressions (GWR) evaluated the association between open and closed site spatial density (open-closed) with socioeconomic variables (population density, proportion of White or Black residents, proportion of college educated populations, the percentage of owner-occupied units, vacant units, rented units, and median household value). Final multivariate GWR showed that population density, being Black, college education, vacant units, and renter occupied units were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with open-closed, and that those associations varied across Wayne County. Increases in Black population was associated with increased open-closed. Increases in vacant units, renter-occupied units, and college education were associated with decreased open-closed. These results provide input for environmental justice research to identify inequalities and discover the distribution of environmental hazards among urban neighborhoods.
An Improvement on the Base-Change Theorem and the Functor $$f^!$$
Authors: Neeman Amnon
Published: April 2023

In 2009, Lipman published his polished book (Lipman in Foundations of Grothendieck duality for diagrams of schemes, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1960, Springer, Berlin, pp 1–259, 2009), the product of a decade’s work, giving the definitive, state-of-the-art treatment of Grothendieck duality. In this article, we achieve a sharp improvement: we begin by giving a new proof of the base-change theorem, which can handle unbounded complexes and work in the generality of algebraic stacks (subject to mild technical restrictions). This means that our base-change theorem must be subtle and delicate, the unbounded version is right at the boundary of known counterexamples—counterexamples (in the world of schemes) that had led the experts to believe that major parts of the theory could only be developed in the bounded-below derived category. Having proved our new base-change theorem, we then use it to define the functor $$f^!$$

f
!

on the unbounded derived category and establish its functoriality properties. In Sect. 1, we will use this to clarify the relation among all the various constructions of Grothendieck duality. One illustration of the power of the new methods is that we can improve Lipman (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1960, Springer, Berlin, pp 1–259, 2009, Theorem 4.9.4) to handle complexes that are not necessarily bounded. There are also applications to the theory developed by Avramov, Iyengar, Lipman and Nayak on the connection between Grothendieck duality and Hochschild homology and cohomology but, to keep this paper from becoming even longer, these are being relegated to separate articles. See for example (Neeman in K-Theory—Proceedings of the International Colloquium, Mumbai, 2016, Hindustan Book Agency, New Delhi, pp 91–126, 2018).
Intrinsic Kinematics of the Tibiotalar and Subtalar Joints during Human Walking based on Dynamic Biplanar Fluoroscopy
Authors: Wang Shengli , Qian Zhihui , Liu Xiangyu , Song Guangsheng , Wang Kunyang , Wu Jianan , Liu Jing , Ren Lei , Ren Luquan
Published: April 2023

Accurate knowledge of the kinematics of the in vivo Ankle Joint Complex (AJC) is critical for understanding the biomechanical function of the foot and assessing postoperative rehabilitation of ankle disorders, as well as an essential guide to the design of ankle–foot assistant devices. However, detailed analysis of the continuous 3D motion of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints during normal walking throughout the stance phase is still considered to be lacking. In this study, dynamic radiographs of the hindfoot were acquired from eight subjects during normal walking. Natural motions with six Degrees of Freedom (DOF) and the coupled patterns of the two joints were analyzed. It was found that the movements of the two joints were mostly in opposite directions (including rotation and translation), mainly in the early and late stages. There were significant differences in the Range of Motion (ROM) in Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion (D/P), Inversion/Eversion (In/Ev), and Anterior–Posterior (AP) and Medial–Lateral (ML) translation of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints (p < 0.05). Plantarflexion of the tibiotalar joint was coupled with eversion and posterior translation of the subtalar joint during the impact phase (R2 = 0.87 and 0.86, respectively), and plantarflexion of the tibiotalar joint was coupled with inversion and anterior translation of the subtalar joint during the push-off phase (R2 = 0.93 and 0.75, respectively). This coordinated coupled motion of the two joints may be a manifestation of the AJC to move flexibly while bearing weight and still have stability.
Reading Bestsellers
Authors: Fuller Danielle , Sedo DeNel Rehberg
Published: April 2023

Readers are essential agents in the production of bestsellers but bestsellers are not essential to readers' leisure pursuits. The starting point in this Element is readers' opinions about and their uses of bestselling fiction in English. Readers' relationships with bestsellers bring into view their practices of book selection, and their navigation of book recommendation culture. Based on three years of original research (2019–2021), including a quantitative survey with readers, interviews with social media influencers, and qualitative work with international Gen Z readers in a private Instagram chat space, the authors highlight three core actions contemporary multimodal readers make– choosing, connecting, and responding– in a transmedia era where on- and offline media practices co-exist. The contemporary multimodal reader, or the MMR3, they argue, illustrates the pervasiveness of recommendation culture, reliance on trusted others, and an ethic of responsiveness.
A Microlevel Analysis of Danish Dairy Cooperatives: Opportunities for Large Data in Business History
Authors: Sharp Paul , Henriques Sofia , McLaughlin Eoin , Tsoukli Xanthi , Vedel Christian
Published: April 2023

We contribute to the argument for a “new” business history employing a quantitative approach. We illustrate opportunities for new perspectives from this approach using a novel microlevel longitudinal database comprising 131 variables for 1,419 cooperative creameries in Denmark for the period 1898–1945, which we also document and make available to the scholarly community. We present a number of applications of the data, including investigating regional productivity differences, expenditure on fire insurance, and survivorship and reporting biases.
Phase transitions for non-singular Bernoulli actions
Authors: BERENDSCHOT TEY
Published: April 2023

Inspired by the phase transition results for non-singular Gaussian actions introduced in [AIM19], we prove several phase transition results for non-singular Bernoulli actions. For generalized Bernoulli actions arising from groups acting on trees, we are able to give a very precise description of their ergodic-theoretical properties in terms of the Poincaré exponent of the group.
Thermals from finite sources in stable and unstable environments
Authors: Middleton Jason H. , Mumford Peter J.
Published: April 2023

The rise of thermals in the atmosphere has attracted a lot of attention since the early work of Morton et al. (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 234, 1956, pp. 1–23), who proposed that entrainment into a thermal was proportional to the surface area of the thermal and to the mean vertical velocity of the thermal. This paper presents new analytical solutions for the heights of rise of buoyant thermals in both stably and unstably stratified environments, for both negatively and positively buoyant sources, and where the sources have different size and strength (momentum) characteristics. The limiting cases of these analytical solutions are consistent with previous work. These analytical solutions do not appear elsewhere, and provide a compact set of equations that are easy to apply to a wide range of circumstances. The solutions are dependent upon the entrainment hypothesis, which is of course only an approximation, but the simplicity of the analytical solutions allows easy calculation and additional insights. These include the fact that while heights of rise are strongly dependent on both source strength and size for flows in stable environments, the dilution at the top of rise is independent of the source momentum. Further, in a stable environment, there is a conserved quantity that has dimensions proportional to vertical momentum. For negatively buoyant flows in an unstably stratified environment, thermals having low initial momentum will reach a maximum height, while thermals with high initial momentum will entrain sufficient buoyant environmental fluid that they will eventually become positively buoyant and continue to rise indefinitely.
On the Utility of Research into Geoengineering Technologies for Risk-Avoidant Agents
Authors: Kostić Milana
Published: April 2023

In a recent paper Winsberg (2021) argued in favor of research into geoengineering by relying on Good’s theorem, which states that conducting research maximizes one’s expected utility. However, this result sometimes fails for risk-avoidant agents (Buchak 2010). Since risk avoidance captures some of the “precautionary” intuitions that critics of geoengineering share, it is important to see if geoengineering research would maximize one’s utility if risk avoidance is taken into account. I show that under some conditions conducting geoengineering research would not maximize risk-weighted expected utility.
Forecasting levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D based on dietary intake, lifestyle and personal determinants in a sample of Southern Europeans
Authors: Valer-Martinez Ana , Sayon-Orea Carmen , Martínez Hernandez José Alfredo , De la Fuente-Arrillaga Carmen , Pérez de Rojas Javier , Barcones Fe , Martínez-González Miguel Angel , Bes-Rastrollo Maira
Published: April 2023

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient to be consumed in the habitual dietary intake, whose deficiency is associated with various disturbances. This study represents a validation of vitamin D status estimation using a semi-quantitative FFQ, together with data from additional physical activity and lifestyle questionnaires. This information was combined to forecast the serum vitamin D status. Different statistical methods were applied to estimate the vitamin D status using predictors based on diet and lifestyle. Serum vitamin D was predicted using linear regression (with leave-one-out cross-validation) and random forest models. Intraclass correlation coefficients, Lin’s agreement coefficients, Bland–Altman plots and other methods were used to assess the accuracy of the predictedv. observed serum values. Data were collected in Spain. A total of 220 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 78 years were included in this study. They completed validated questionnaires and agreed to provide blood samples to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. The common final predictors in both models were age, sex, sunlight exposure, vitamin D dietary intake (as assessed by the FFQ), BMI, time spent walking, physical activity and skin reaction after sun exposure. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the prediction was 0·60 (95 % CI: 0·52, 0·67;P< 0·001) using the random forest model. The magnitude of the correlation was moderate, which means that our estimation could be useful in future epidemiological studies to establish a link between the predicted 25(OH)D values and the occurrence of several clinical outcomes in larger cohorts.
Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on reproduction in mice in vivo
Authors: Banafshi Omid , Abdi Mohammad , Assadollahi Vahideh , Mohammadi Ebrahim , Ghaderi Ebrahim , Khadem Erfan Mohammad Bagher , Rezaei Mohammad Jafar , Aghamiri Vida , Fathi Fardin
Published: April 2023

Smoking has dangerous and sometimes irreversible effects on various body tissues, including the reproductive system. We conducted this research to determine the in vivo effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on reproduction in mice. In this experimental in vivo study, 32 male and female NMRI mice were divided into four groups. The mice were injected with CSC (CSC-1R3F) for 28 days. The mice were mated 1 day after the last injection and observed daily for 1 week for the presence of a vaginal plug to track mating. We evaluated mating success rate, and sperm and oocyte quality, pregnancy outcome, childbearing status, and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The results showed a decrease in successful mating in female mice that received the CSC injections. CSC significantly influenced the number of offspring born to males. When the CSC was injected into male mice, there was a significant increase in the number of offspring compared with the group in which only the females received CSC injections. According to the results, there was a negative effect of CSC on morphological parameters in male and female mice. Also, successful IVF after exposure to CSC was significantly decreased in the female mice treated group. The results indicated that CSC significantly affected the number of offspring and fecundity success in females.
Real-time image and time-lapse technology to select the single blastocyst to transfer in assisted reproductive cycles
Authors: Sciorio Romualdo , Campos Gerard , Palini Simone , Baldini Domenico , Janssens Ronny
Published: April 2023

The success of an assisted reproduction cycle should be the achievement of a healthy singleton live birth following the replacement of one embryo. Therefore, one of the most critical points for embryologists has been the selection criteria and how to choose the best embryo to transfer with high implantation potential. In this vein, morphological evaluation has been historically the method applied. However, this practice relies on a limited number of single observations and is associated with high operator variability. Recently, a major innovation in embryo culture has been the introduction of a new type of incubator with integrated time-lapse monitoring, which enables the embryologist to analyze the dynamic events of embryo development, from fertilization to blastocyst formation. This novel practice is quickly growing and has been implemented in many IVF clinics worldwide. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to illustrate the benefits of time-lapse technology in a modern embryology laboratory. In particular, we discuss the blastocyst collapse(s) event and morphometric blastocyst assessment and analyse their association with embryo viability and implantation potential.
Probing the Dual-Route Model of the SNARC Effect by Orthogonalizing Processing Speed and Depth
Authors: Didino Daniele , Brandtner Matthias , Glaser Maria , Knops André
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The dual-route model explains the SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) effect assuming two routes of parallel information processing: the unconditional route (automatic activation of pre-existing links) and the conditional route (activation of task-specific links). To test predictions derived from this model, we evaluated whether response latency in superficial number processing modulates the SNARC effect in a color task (participants judged the color of a number). In Experiment 1, participants performed a parity task, an easy color task (short RTs), and a difficult color task (RTs similar to those of the parity task). A SNARC effect emerged only in the parity task. In Experiment 2, participants performed a color task and a secondary task under four conditions chosen to orthogonally manipulate response latency (short vs. long) and processing depth (semantic vs. perceptual). Only the long-latency perceptual-processing condition elicited a SNARC effect. To explain these results, we suggest that the cognitive resources required by a secondary task might dilute the SNARC effect. Our results indicate that the dual-route model should be modified to take into account additional factors (e.g., working memory load) that influence the level of activation of the unconditional route.
Wood‐Based Carbon Storage in the Mackenzie River Delta: The World's Largest Mapped Riverine Wood Deposit
Authors: Sendrowski Alicia , Wohl Ellen , Hilton Robert , Kramer Natalie , Ascough Philippa
Published: April 2023

The Mackenzie River Delta (MRD) has been recognized as an important host of river‐derived wood deposits, and Mackenzie River wood has been found across the Arctic Ocean. Nevertheless, we lack estimates of the amount of carbon stored as wood and its age in the delta, representing a gap in carbon cycle estimates. Here, we use very high‐resolution satellite imagery and deep learning to map wood deposits in the MRD, combining this with field data to measure the stock and age of wood‐based carbon. We find >400,000 individual large wood deposits, collectively storing 3.1 × 1012 g‐C, equating to 2 × 106 g‐C ha−1 across the delta. Sampled wood pieces date from 690 AD to 2015 AD but are mostly young with ∼40% of the wood samples formed after 1955 AD. These estimates represent a minimum bound on an important surficial, potentially reactive, carbon pool compared to other deeper carbon stocks in permafrost zones.
Trees in the Stream: Determining Patterns of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter Contributions to the Northeast Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest
Authors: Behnke M. I. , Fellman J. B. , D’Amore D. V. , Spencer R. G. M.
Published: April 2023

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in small watersheds depends on complex antecedent conditions that ultimately influence DOM generation, processing, and stability downstream. Here, we used ultrahigh resolution Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and total dissolved nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon concentrations to investigate how DOM is produced in distinct sub‐catchment types (poor fen, forested wetland, and upland forest) and transported through a watershed in the northeast Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (NPCTR). We traced a suite of previously identified source‐specific marker formulae from vegetation and soil downstream and used them to test models of terrestrial DOM inputs. Marker formulae escaped microbial degradation and were exported from the watershed, demonstrating strong land‐to‐ocean connectivity through the transfer of unmodified tree DOM from specific tree species into the marine environment. Simple hydrologic and temperature variables were better able to predict inputs of soil‐sourced DOM into the stream network than tree‐sourced DOM, highlighting the role of antecedent conditions (e.g., plant growth stage) in DOM source availability and hydrologic flow connectivity, particularly for plant‐derived material. Forested wetland pore waters featured thousands of nitrogen‐containing molecular formulae that potentially provide a path of direct organic nitrogen uptake to organisms. The modified aromaticity index peaked in midsummer (up to 0.55 for fen headwaters) suggesting DOM inputs from freshly produced vegetation provide a strong summertime terrestrial signal. As the climate changes, new watershed‐scale conditions may further complicate predictions of DOM source availability, flow connectivity, and downstream fate in NPCTR watersheds.
What to Do When the F10.7 Goes Out?
Authors: Elvidge Sean , Themens David R. , Brown Matthew K. , Donegan‐Lawley Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

The solar radio flux at 10.7 cm, known as F10.7, is a critical operational space weather index. However, without a clear backup, any interruption to the service can result in substantial errors in model outputs. In this paper we show the impact of one such outage in March 2022 on the models TIE‐GCM and NeQuick, and present a number of alternative solutions that could be used for future outages. The analysis is extended to the F10.7 time series since 1951 and the approach resulting in the smallest reconstruction error of F10.7 uses the solar radio flux observations at alternative wavelengths (the best giving a percentage error of 3.1%). Alternatively, use of Sunspot Number, a regular, robust alternative observation, results in a mean percentage error of 8.2% and is also a reliable fallback solution. Additionally, analysis of the error on the use of the conversion between the 12‐month rolling sunspot number (R12) and its conversion to F10.7 is included.
One Surface Model to Rule Them All?
Authors: Wright Clarissa
Published: April 2023

For the first time, scientists have forged a nearly all-encompassing model of Earth’s surface evolution over the past 100 million years.
Remembering through the genome: the role of chromatin states in brain functions and diseases
Authors: Arzate-Mejia Rodrigo G. , Mansuy Isabelle M.
Published: April 2023

Chromatin is the physical substrate of the genome that carries the DNA sequence and ensures its proper functions and regulation in the cell nucleus. While a lot is known about the dynamics of chromatin during programmed cellular processes such as development, the role of chromatin in experience-dependent functions remains not well defined. Accumulating evidence suggests that in brain cells, environmental stimuli can trigger long-lasting changes in chromatin structure and tri-dimensional (3D) organization that can influence future transcriptional programs. This review describes recent findings suggesting that chromatin plays an important role in cellular memory, particularly in the maintenance of traces of prior activity in the brain. Inspired by findings in immune and epithelial cells, we discuss the underlying mechanisms and the implications for experience-dependent transcriptional regulation in health and disease. We conclude by presenting a holistic view of chromatin as potential molecular substrate for the integration and assimilation of environmental information that may constitute a conceptual basis for future research.
Current realities of home blood pressure monitoring from physicians’ perspectives: results from Asia HBPM survey 2020
Authors: Wang Tzung-Dau , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Bunyi Ma Lourdes , Chadachan Veerendra Melagireppa , Chia Yook Chin , Kario Kazuomi , Kim Cheol-Ho , Lin Hung-Ju , Matsushita Noriko , Park Sungha , Salman Ebtehal , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Tay Jam Chin , Tien Hoang Anh , Tomar Isha , Turana Yuda , Van Minh Huynh , Verma Narsingh , Wander Gurpreet Singh , Wang Ji-Guang , Zhou Yi , Imai Yutaka
Published: April 2023

Uncontrolled hypertension is a significant problem in many parts of Asia. Effective management is essential to reduce the burden of hypertension. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is a promising tool that can aid in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Experts from 11 countries/regions in Asia conceptualized a large-scale survey to examine the current realities of HBPM. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among health care professionals from China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam between November 2019 and June 2021. Physicians’ responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. A total of 7945 physicians participated in the survey. Among all respondents, 50.3% and 33.5% viewed HBPM as highly recognized by physicians and patients in their country/region, respectively. Lack of understanding of HBPM and concern with the accuracy and reliability of HBPM devices were identified as key barriers to HBPM recognition. Nearly all physicians (95.9%) reported recommending HBPM to their patients; however, they reported less than 50% of their patients measured home blood pressure (HBP). Among physicians who recommended HBPM, only 22.4% and 54.1% cited HBP diagnostic threshold values and timing of taking antihypertensive drugs that were consistent with available guidelines, respectively. The survey reveals that the recognition of HBPM as a valuable tool to diagnose and manage hypertension is suboptimal in most parts of Asia. Despite high recommendation of HBPM to hypertensive patients by physicians, there are considerable discrepancies between guidelines recommendations and practice realities.