bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crossing the line: Mutualism between invasive species at the terrestrial–aquatic interface
Authors: Cheek Christopher , Peoples Brandon K. , Dott Cynthia , Goforth Reuben R.
Published: November 2024

Positive interactions such as mutualism and facilitation between invasive species can magnify their impact on invaded ecosystems. Yet, few studies have explicitly evaluated symbioses between invasive species that span the terrestrial–aquatic interface.

We conducted two experiments to investigate the fitness outcomes (growth and germination) of frugivory and ichthyochory involving invasive channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) that consume fruits and pass seeds of invasive Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia).

Our results indicate that catfish frugivory of olive fruit provides an energy source that allows the catfish to maintain body mass and seeds passed by catfish were four times more likely to germinate than untreated seeds, suggesting catfish are viable olive seed dispersers.

As such, we concluded that the interaction of frugivory of invasive olive fruits by invasive catfish and ichthyochory resulting from passed olive seeds constitute a facultative mutualism spanning the aquatic–terrestrial interface.

The impact of the olive–catfish mutualism on the abundance, persistence and spread of both invasive species requires further study. Researchers and managers should consider the potential of positive interactions across ecotones to facilitate invasions
Origin and Significance of Age Variability in the Glauconite Reference Material GL‐O: Implications for In Situ Rb‐Sr Geochronology
Authors: Löhr Stefan C. , Khazaie Elnaz , Farkas Juraj , Baldermann Andre , Gilbert Sarah , Maas Roland , Subarkah Darwinaji , Blades Morgan L. , Collins Alan S.
Published: November 2024

Stratigraphic ages from conventional glauconite geochronology are commonly younger than those obtained via high temperature chronometers. The widely used glauconite reference material GL‐O, for example, has a K‐Ar age (95.03 ± 1.11 Ma) ~ 5 Ma younger than its expected stratigraphic age. To identify the influences on glauconite ages and assess the suitability of GL‐O as a reference material for in situ Rb‐Sr geochronology, we separated GL‐O grains based on colour and morphology. Each fraction was characterised petrographically and compositionally before in situ Rb‐Sr dating. Separate aliquots were dated via conventional isotope dilution (ID) Rb‐Sr geochronology. We find a ~ 10 Ma spread in the in situ Rb‐Sr ages of GL‐O fractions, where more rapid maturation and isotopic closure of darker grains yields ages closer to the depositional age, whereas smaller, more porous light green grains show evidence for delayed maturation leading to continued Rb uptake during burial as well as Sr isotope exchange with connate fluids. Discrepancies between ID and in situ Rb‐Sr ages are explained by (i) core‐rim age zonation, (ii) the presence of alteration resistant, Sr‐rich apatite inclusions, (iii) differences in laser‐induced fractionation. We recommend additional purification steps before use of GL‐O as reference material for in situ Rb‐Sr geochronology.
Genetically proxied liability to migraine and risk of intracranial aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Daghlas Iyas , Rist Pamela M. , Chasman Daniel I.
Published: November 2024

Background

Observational studies have reported inconsistent relationships between migraine and the risk of intracranial aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Objective

To determine whether genetic liability to migraine is associated with risk of intracranial aneurysm and aneurysmal SAH.

Methods

This study was designed as a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Genetic associations with migraine were obtained from a large‐scale meta‐analysis of five population and clinic‐based genome‐wide association studies of migraine (102,084 cases and 771,257 controls of European ancestry). Genetic associations with intracranial aneurysm and SAH were obtained from a meta‐analysis of 22 population‐based genome‐wide association studies (7495 cases and 71,934 controls of European ancestry). Findings were corroborated by sensitivity analyses and replicated in an independent sample of combined cases of intracranial aneurysm and SAH (3529 cases and 234,948 controls of Asian ancestry from the Biobank Japan and China Kadoorie Biobanks). In secondary analyses, we investigated the outcomes of extracranial aneurysm in the FinnGen and UK Biobank cohorts (up to 7466 combined cases of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm).

Results

Genetic liability to migraine was associated with increased risk of the combined outcome of unruptured intracranial aneurysm and SAH (odds ratio [OR] of outcome per doubling in migraine liability 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.35; p = 0.005). This finding was replicated in an independent sample (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30; p = 0.027), and there were similar associations across the component outcomes of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01–1.42; p = 0.035) and SAH (OR 1.18, 95% 1.04–1.33; p = 0.008). These findings were consistent in sensitivity analyses robust to violations of the MR assumptions. In reverse MR analyses, genetic liability to intracranial aneurysm was not associated with migraine (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.07; p = 0.141). In a secondary analysis, there were similar associations of genetic liability to migraine with all forms of aortic aneurysm (OR for combined thoracic and aortic aneurysm 1.18, 95% CI 1.10–1.27; p = 8.49 × 10−6).

Conclusion

Genetic liability to migraine was associated with increased risk of intracranial and extracranial aneurysms, supporting a causal relationship between liability to migraine and these traits. Further work is needed to identify the biological mechanisms and clinical relevance of these findings.
Impact of uterine cavity filling pressure levels on pain and procedure duration in diagnostic hysteroscopy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tercan Can , Dagdeviren Emrah , Yeniocak Ali Selcuk , Can Sultan , Yucel Burak
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study investigates the impact of intracavitary pressure levels on pain, visualization quality, and procedure duration in office hysteroscopy, comparing standard pressures (60–100 mmHg) with high pressures (110–150 mmHg).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving non‐menopausal women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy at a tertiary clinic. Patients were categorized into two groups based on intracavitary pressure: the standard pressure group (60–100 mmHg; n = 72) and the high‐pressure group (110–150 mmHg; n = 37). Outcomes measured included pain scores, procedure duration, and fluid volume used. Logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors for severe pain.

Results

The high‐pressure group demonstrated significantly shorter procedure durations compared to the standard pressure group (96.56 ± 34.36 vs. 163.00 ± 61.78 s, p < 0.001). Pain scores were lower in the high‐pressure group (VAS 3.00 [0.00–7.00] vs. 3.50 [0.00–9.00], p = 0.041). Additionally, high‐pressure procedures used less fluid compared to standard pressure procedures, which helps to reduce the risk of fluid‐related complications. Logistic regression analysis identified higher fluid volumes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.005, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.001–1.010) and the need for pressure increases (OR = 3.914, 95% CI = 1.157–13.238) as significant risk factors for severe pain.

Conclusions

Higher intracavitary pressure levels (above 100 mmHg) in office hysteroscopy are associated with reduced pain, shorter procedure durations, and decreased fluid use, enhancing visualization and procedural efficiency while maintaining patient comfort.
Endometrial cancer and simultaneous pregnancy, an unusual combination. Case report
Authors: Vanesa Delso Vicente , Lucía Sánchez‐Barderas , Mar Ramírez , Jesús Coronado Pluvio
Published: November 2024

Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. Declining fertility, combined with increasing overweight and diabetes, might be some of the causes accountable for the rapid increase in the incidence of endometrial cancer (EC). Around 5% of EC are diagnosed in women aged under 40 years. We present a case of EC in a 36‐year‐old woman confirmed by hysteroscopy‐directed biopsy, who became pregnant before receiving any primary treatment. She had no other significant medical or family history of interest. Image staging found a uterine‐confined disease. The pregnancy had a normal course. The patient refused any type of treatment after delivery; thus, she was closely monitored every 3 months. No signs of disease recurrence were detected during the follow‐up. Pregnancy may be possible with early EC and it might an effective treatment for the disease in this case. The pregnancy acts as treatment and the gestation could continue until term without complications, in this patient diagnosed with EC.
Community responses and adaptations following the closure of a rural pharmacy and primary care facility
Authors: Palacios Hazel Velasco , Brant Kristina , Rhubart Danielle , Jackson Jorden
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the experiences of one rural community in Central Pennsylvania following the closure of its singular pharmacy and primary health care facility. It aims to understand community members’ responses and adaptations to declining health care accessibility and broader implications for rural health policy and practice.

Methods

Employing a qualitative case study design, researchers conducted 26 in‐depth interviews from May to December 2022. Interviews were grounded in a phenomenological approach and focused on participants’ perceptions of their community and experiences accessing health care. Data were analyzed thematically following a coding reliability approach.

Findings

The closure of the health care facilities resulted in significant social and economic impacts, particularly among vulnerable groups, such as older adults, people with disabilities, and working‐class families. Participants reported increased reliance on their social support networks to access care, delays in seeking care due to the strain from longer travel distances, and loss of familiar and trusted care providers. We also found an over‐reliance on local emergency medical services for routine care. Although the community demonstrated resilience through the use of social networks, some adaptations carried health risks, including delayed care and unmonitored use of alternative remedies.

Conclusions

This study highligths the need for health care policies that address the immediate loss of services and support the social networks and economic stability that rural communities rely on in the absence of local health care facilities. This research contributes insights for policymakers, health care providers, and community leaders working to support rural communities facing similar health care losses.
Leaf growth in third dimension: a perspective of leaf thickness from genetic regulation to ecophysiology
Authors: Aneja Prakshi , Sanyal Rajarshi , Ranjan Aashish
Published: November 2024

Leaf thickness, the leaf growth in the third dimension as quantified by the distance between the adaxial and abaxial surface, is an indispensable aspect of leaf development. The fitness of a plant is strongly influenced by leaf thickness via modulation of major physiological processes, including photosynthesis and water use efficiency. The cellular basis of leaf thickness by alterations in either cell size or the number of cell layers is envisaged using Arabidopsis leaf thickness mutants, such as angustifolia (an) and rotundifolia (rot). Environmental factors coordinate with endogenous signaling mechanisms to exhibit leaf thickness plasticity. Plants growing in different ecological and environmental regimes show different leaf thickness attributes. However, genetic and molecular understandings of leaf thickness regulation remain largely limited. In this review, we highlight how cellular growth is transposed to fine‐tune the leaf thickness via the integration of potential cues and molecular players. We further discuss the physiological significance of leaf thickness plasticity to the environmental cues that might serve as ecological adaptation enabling the plants to withstand future climatic conditions. Taken together, we seek to bridge the genetics and molecular biology of leaf thickness to its physiological significance so that leaf thickness can be systemically targeted in crop improvement programs.
Cutaneous Toxicities of MEK Inhibitor Use in Children: A Comparison of Binimetinib and Selumetinib
Authors: Needle Carli D. , Yin Lu , Young Trevor K. , Friedman Steven , Mandal Soutrik , Segal Devorah , Yohay Kaleb H. , Lakdawala Nikita R. , Oza Vikash S.
Published: November 2024

Background

Binimetinib and selumetinib are two mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors used to treat low‐grade gliomas and plexiform neurofibromas. Cutaneous toxicities are commonly associated with MEK inhibitors; however, limited studies have examined cutaneous effects in a pediatric population or whether toxicities vary between MEK inhibitors.

Methods

We conducted an IRB‐approved, single‐center, retrospective review of pediatric neuro‐oncology patients on binimetinib or selumetinib who presented to NYU from April 2016 through July 2022.

Results

Forty‐six children met inclusion criteria (23 females, 23 males) with a mean age of 11.7 years. Thirty‐three were treated with binimetinib and 13 with selumetinib. Dermatologic adverse events were encountered in 97.8% of the cohort, and the most common were acneiform eruption (63.0%), paronychia (58.7%), and xerosis (54.3%). Children 12 years and older were more likely to have acneiform eruption (p < 0.001) and seborrheic dermatitis (p < 0.001), while children under 12 were more likely to have xerosis (p = 0.037). The incidence of cutaneous adverse events was significantly different between MEK inhibitors for folliculitis and hair pigment dilution (39.4% binimetinib, 0% selumetinib, p = 0.009). Significantly, more patients required MEK inhibitor dose reduction/hold on binimetinib (87.9%) than selumetinib (46.2%) (p = 0.006). Severity of cutaneous disease was not associated with tumor response.

Conclusions

Our study confirms dermatologic adverse events are common in children on MEK inhibitors. Age appears to be associated with increased likelihood of certain cutaneous reactions. Overall, the selumetinib patients in our cohort presented with less severe adverse events and decreased risk of MEK inhibitor dose reduction/hold. Our results will aid clinicians in providing appropriate counseling, treatments, and improved preventive care.
A paradox of public engagement: The discursive politics of environmental justice in Canada's Chemical Valley
Authors: Wiebe Sarah Marie
Published: November 2024

For over a decade, members of the Aamjiwnaang Nation have continued to fight for the recognition and redress of their unique environmental health concerns in a region known as Canada's Chemical Valley. From a critical policy studies lens, this article addresses the discursive policy challenges faced by those who are most affected by the toxic policy assemblage of enduring pollution exposure. In response to the research question: how can the voices and lived experiences of those living in pollution hotspots like Chemical Valley contribute to the theory and practice of environmental justice, this article draws upon findings from extensive field‐work in the surrounding region of Lambton County as well as policy advocacy including participation in Senate of Canada hearings. This analysis examines how the omission of community‐based knowledge and expertise reproduces inequities. The article concludes with strategies for improved environmental justice and lessons learned for policy justice in Canada and beyond.

Related Articles

Al‐Kohlani, Sumaia A., Heather E. Campbell, and Stephen Omar El‐Khatib. 2023. “Minority Faith and Environmental Justice.” Politics & Policy 51(6): 1069–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12564.

Ash, John. 2010. “New Nuclear Energy, Risk, and Justice: Regulatory Strategies for an Era of Limited Trust.” Politics & Policy 38(2): 255–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00237.x.

Dilmaghani, Maryam, and Jeremy Dias. 2023. “In or Out? Citizenship Outcomes of Working Sexual and Gender Minority People of Canada.” Politics & Policy 51(5): 868–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12557.
Fishing for more than shellfish: a systematic review of fish community monitoring of shellfish reefs
Authors: Martin Brad , Huveneers Charlie , Reeves Simon , Baring Ryan
Published: November 2024

Shellfish reefs, characterized by habitat‐forming bivalves, are increasingly recognized as globally significant coastal ecosystems and valuable fish habitats. Shellfish reefs provide structural refugia, foraging grounds, and nurseries for diverse fish communities, including species with socioeconomic value. However, efforts to quantify the value of shellfish reefs as fish habitats are challenged by the limited and fragmented knowledge of published monitoring practices. Here, we systematically assess 116 peer‐reviewed studies to provide a global overview of literature evaluating fishes in these ecosystems. Research was unevenly distributed, with 67% of the studies concentrated in the United States, 61% on restored reefs, and 83% focused on oyster reefs. Few studies have directly compared fish communities between natural versus restored, or intertidal versus subtidal shellfish reefs. Methods to quantify fishes varied based on research objectives, tidal zonation, and targeted subsets of the fish assemblages. Gill nets, substrate trays, and underwater video stations were the most common methods, with 44% of studies deploying more than two methods to survey fish communities. Differences in the monitoring methods, research designs, and variables reported were also synthesized and discussed. From this review, we identified knowledge gaps and monitoring trends in fish community assessments that can guide future shellfish reef research and conservation efforts.
Sustainable restoration: addressing critical challenges through university‐led projects
Authors: Christensen Mitchell , Seeley Rachel , Ungos J , Lyman Zoe , Ingley Spencer J.
Published: November 2024

The urgency to restore ecosystems amid climate change and biodiversity loss has led to widespread engagement in habitat restoration projects. However, many projects fall short of their goals, highlighting the need for innovation. We use a case study at our university to explore how the integration of habitat restoration into university curricula might address some of the major challenges to long‐term restoration success. We demonstrate how integration with university activities could help address three key challenges in restoration: insufficient planning and monitoring, limited community engagement, and lack of long‐term funding. Our approach demonstrates how involving students and faculty in restoration projects can enhance adaptive management by including these efforts in science curricula, foster community participation through volunteer engagement, and reduce costs through volunteer efforts and collaboration with campus entities. These findings suggest that universities can play a vital role in advancing ecological restoration, benefiting both society and the environment.
Model of mental health in adolescents who experienced a mega wildfire: Protective and risk factors
Authors: Mellado Carlos
Published: November 2024

Various studies have shown the relationship between psychopathological symptomatology in the event of a wildfire and predictors such as exposure to the event, fear, and parenting; however, there are no studies that establish the joint relationship between these predictors and the mental health of adolescents who have experienced a disaster of this nature. Thus, this study evaluates a model of psychopathological symptomatology in adolescents who experienced the Chilean wildfire called The Firestorm due to its extreme conditions. A non‐experimental study surveyed 292 Chilean adolescents who experienced that mega wildfire (MAGE = 14.47; 51.6% women), 6 months after the occurrence of disaster. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to evaluate the model of psychopathological symptomatology, establishing risk and protective factors as predictors. Adolescents who reported that they perceived a greater magnitude of the disaster also reported that they experienced greater fear of the wildfire. Additionally, adolescents who reported that they experienced greater fear also reported greater post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and stress. In contrast, adolescents whose parents were supporting reported less depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal ideation. Thereby, results obtained suggest that emotional reactions to disaster may have a greater impact on the mental health of adolescents who experienced extreme wildfire than the magnitude itself and highlights the protective role of parental support.
Organ vigilance in the Middle East: Challenges and prospects
Authors: Alameer Reem , Aljishi Yamama , Alhammadi Ahmed , Bayindir Yasar , Almaghrabi Reem S.
Published: November 2024

The Middle East presents a complex landscape for organ transplantation, marked by diversity yet hindered by challenges. Countries such as Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iran have made significant advancements, particularly in living donor kidney transplants. The editorial aims to critically evaluate the current state of organ transplantation in the Middle East, focusing on the progress made by key countries like Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iran, while also addressing the ongoing challenges that hinder comprehensive organ donation systems. It seeks to highlight the necessity for a unified approach that includes coordinated policy implementation, enhanced data‐sharing mechanisms, increased public awareness, and sustainable funding. Ultimately, the editorial advocates for the establishment of a digital platform to streamline organ transplant procedures and promote equitable healthcare across the region.
Teaching English academic writing as intercultural communication
Authors: Du Qian , Liu Ying
Published: November 2024

Research developments in world Englishes have advanced our understanding of the plurality of Englishes, problematizing the historical and ongoing privilegization of Inner Circle Englishes. Studies have shown how monolithic conceptions of English can limit students’ exposure to varieties of English and hinder language learning. This issue is particularly salient in higher education contexts where “standard” academic English is largely perceived as the ultimate learning goal. This narrow perspective of English undervalues the rich linguistic and cultural resources of multilingual students and their efforts to use such resources in navigating the intercultural realities of English academic settings. Drawing on data from an undergraduate English academic writing course where a group of Chinese students learned to paraphrase and write with sources, we demonstrate the intercultural nature of their linguistic choices for paraphrasing tasks, highlighting the critical need to recognize the legitimacy of multilingual students as users of world Englishes.
Decoupling for Schatten class operators in the setting of quantum harmonic analysis
Authors: Samuelsen Helge J.
Published: November 2024

We introduce the notion of decoupling for operators, and prove an equivalence between classical decoupling for functions and decoupling for operators on bounded sets in . We also show that the equivalence depends only on the bounded set and not on the values of nor on the partition of . The proof relies on a quantum version of Wiener's division lemma.
Optimizing Design for Repairability: A Game Theoretic Approach for Incorporating Market Analysis
Authors: Sabbaghi Mostafa , Behdad Sara
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the design decision facing original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in determining the optimal degree of repairability by considering market dynamics. The article develops a game-theoretic model to optimize the degree of product repairability for smartphones in a market in which an OEM and a coalition of independent service providers compete in offering repair services. A survey is conducted to estimate the consumer-related parameters of the game theory model by considering factors such as repair cost, prior repair experience of customers, and the quality of repair services offered by the OEM and independent repair service providers. The findings reveal that regardless of the repairability level, the OEM's repair profits are maximized when a significant disparity in the quality of repair services between the OEM and their competitors exists. On the other hand, independent repair service providers' profits are maximized when there is a low disparity in the quality of repair services. Also, the results show why the adoption of a fully repairable device is not the optimal strategy adopted by OEMs. Instead, a sufficiently large degree of repairability can be the strategic choice, as it maximizes the total OEM's profits derived from both the sale of future products and the provision of repair services for previously sold devices. At the same time, this strategy can encourage repair practices among consumers toward a more sustainable society.
Coach Mentorship Using the Adult-Oriented Sport Coaching Survey
Authors: Belalcazar Catalina , Motz Derrik , Young Bradley W. , Rathwell Scott , Callary Bettina
Published: November 2024

The Adult-Oriented Sport Coaching Survey (AOSCS) is an evidence-based assessment tool for coaches that stimulates self-reflection and learning of adult-oriented coaching practices. The AOSCS, comprised of 22 items that form five coaching themes, was used in this mixed-methods case study by a coach of adult skiers, who sought facilitation and mentorship from a coach developer to apply the AOSCS to strategically improve his coaching across a season. A pragmatic paradigm was adopted for this mixed-methods qualitatively dominant, sequential study. The coach and his skiers (n = 10) completed the AOSCS at three points in time (pre-, mid-, and postseason). At each point, the coach journaled prior to debriefing with the coach developer for 20–50 min. Through reflexive thematic and correlation analyses, eight adult-oriented coaching practices were identified as strong points of integration. The findings indicated that working with the coach developer enabled the coach’s reflection of the AOSCS scores to refine, strategize, and align coaching with his adult skiers’ perceptions for adult-oriented coaching. This study outlined the facilitation of reflection on AOSCS scores can be used advantageously across a season to promote more deliberate coach learning and practice.
Generalization and Maintenance of Participation in Parkour and Team Handball Recess in Elementary Schools
Authors: Cheng Shu , Vanluyten Kian , Ward Phillip , Seghers Jan , Zhang Tonghe , Iserbyt Peter
Published: November 2024

Purpose: We investigated elementary school children’s voluntary participation in parkour and team handball recess during generalization and maintenance by skill level and sex. Methods: In six schools, 45 girls and 68 boys from different classes received a 10-lesson sport education parkour (second grade) and team handball (third grade) season in physical education. Children’s participation in parkour and team handball recess during (generalization) and after the sport education season concluded (maintenance) was recorded and analyzed using the Poisson loglinear regression model to investigate the effects of skill level and sex. Results: Children’s participation in parkour (72%) was higher than team handball recess (47%) during generalization, p < .001. During maintenance, children’s participation in parkour (44%) was lower than team handball recess (49%), p < .001. Effects of skill level and sex were found in both phases. Conclusions: Coordinating physical education with recess can promote children’s participation in physical activity during recess.
Leaftronics: Natural lignocellulose scaffolds for sustainable electronics
Authors: Nair Rakesh R. , Wolansky Jakob , Uhlig Kai , Solgi Ali , Teuerle Laura , Zhang Tianyi , Schröder Jonas , Antrack Tobias , Benduhn Johannes , Kleemann Hans , Leo Karl
Published: November 2024

The global rise in electronic waste is alarming, driven by the persistent use of glass, epoxy, and plastic substrates owing to their cost, stability, flexibility, and transparency. This underscores the need for biodegradable alternatives with similar properties. This study shows that leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds can stabilize bio-sourced, solution-processed polymers by acting as natural sequestering media. Such reinforced films, even when based on gelatin (
T
g
~ 60°C), can endure processes over 200°C. We demonstrate dip-coated ethyl cellulose films for commercially viable reflow soldered circuitry. The films offer high flexibility, more than 80% transparency, and surface roughness below 5.5 nm. Advanced OPDs and OECTs fabricated on these films perform comparably to those on glass and the low material cost and simple fabrication process yields a minimal carbon footprint of 1.6 kgCO
2
/m
2
. This work thus opens a vista of possibilities for biodegradable polymers heretofore considered unsuitable for making temperature-stable substrates for state-of-the-art electronics applications.
Within-individual organization of the human cognitive cerebellum: Evidence for closely juxtaposed, functionally specialized regions
Authors: Saadon-Grosman Noam , Du Jingnan , Kosakowski Heather L. , Angeli Peter A. , DiNicola Lauren M. , Eldaief Mark C. , Buckner Randy L.
Published: November 2024

Specific regions in the cognitive cerebellum are connected to distinct cerebral association networks. Do these cerebellar regions exhibit functional specialization similar to the cerebral cortex? Here, we mapped the cerebellum within intensively studied participants (
N
= 15) first using connectivity to estimate regions linked to specific networks and then prospectively testing functional response properties in task data within each individual’s own idiosyncratic anatomy. A large megacluster extending across Crus I/II was consistently found with subregions linked to five higher-order association networks. A more variable smaller association cluster was found in lobule IX. Within the Crus I/II megacluster, specific cerebellar regions responded to domain-flexible cognitive control, while juxtaposed regions differentially responded to language, social, and spatial/episodic task demands. Similarly organized clusters also exist in the caudate consistent with the presence of multiple basal ganglia–cerebellar–cerebral cortical circuits that maintain functional specialization across their entire distributed extents.
Microzooplankton grazing on the coccolithophore
Emiliania huxleyi
and its role in the global calcium carbonate cycle
Authors: Dean Chloe L. , Harvey Elizabeth L. , Johnson Matthew D. , Subhas Adam V.
Published: November 2024

Identifying mechanisms driving the substantial dissolution of biogenic CaCO
3
(60 to 80%) in surface and mesopelagic waters of the global ocean is critical for constraining the surface ocean’s alkalinity and inorganic carbon budgets. We examine microzooplankton grazing on coccolithophores, photosynthetic calcifying algae responsible for a majority of open-ocean CaCO
3
production, as a mechanism driving shallow dissolution. We show that microzooplankton grazing dissolves 92 ± 7% of ingested coccolith calcite, which may explain 50 to 100% of the observed CaCO
3
dissolution in supersaturated surface waters. Microzooplankton grazing on coccolithophores is thus a substantial, previously unrecognized biological mechanism affecting the ballasting of organic carbon to deeper waters, the ecology and fitness of microzooplankton themselves due to buffering of food vacuole pH, and ultimately the continued ability of the surface ocean to take up atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Growth substrate limitation enhances anaerobic arsenic methylation by
Paraclostridium bifermentans
strain EML
Authors: Qiao Jiangtao , Sallet Hugo , Meibom Karin Lederballe , Bernier-Latmani Rizlan
Published: November 2024

Microbial arsenic methylation is established as a detoxification process under aerobic conditions (converting arsenite to monomethylated arsenate) but is proposed to be a microbial warfare strategy under anoxic conditions due to the toxicity of its main product, monomethylarsonous acid (MMAs(III)). Here we leveraged a paddy soil-derived anaerobic arsenic methylator,
Paraclostridium bifermentans
strain EML, to gain insights into this process. Strain EML was inoculated into a series of media involving systematic dilutions of Reinforced Clostridial Broth (RCB) with 25 µM arsenite to assess the impact of growth substrate concentration on arsenic methylation. Growth curves evidenced the sensitivity of strain EML to arsenite, and arsenic speciation analysis revealed the production of MMAs(III). Concentrations of MMAs(III) and arsenic methylation gene (
arsM
) transcription were found to be positively correlated with RCB dilution, suggesting that substrate limitation enhances
arsM
gene expression and associated anaerobic arsenic methylation. We propose that growth substrate competition among microorganisms may also contribute to an increase in anaerobic arsenic methylation. This hypothesis was further evaluated in an anaerobic co-culture system involving strain EML and either wild-type
Escherichia coli
K-12 MG1655 (WT) or
E. coli
expressing the MMAs(III)-resistance gene (
arsP
) (ArsP
E. coli
). We observed increased MMAs(III) production in the presence of
E. coli
than its absence and growth inhibition of WT
E. coli
to a greater extent than ArsP
E. coli
, presumably due to the MMAs(III) produced by strain EML. Collectively, our findings suggest an ecological role for anaerobic arsenic methylation, highlighting the significance of microbe-microbe competition and interaction in this process.

IMPORTANCE

Microbial arsenic methylation is highly active in rice paddy fields under flooded conditions, leading to increased accumulation of methylated arsenic in rice grains. In contrast to the known detoxification process for aerobic arsenic methylation, the ecological role of anaerobic arsenic methylation remains elusive and is proposed to be an antibiotic-producing process involved in microbial warfare. In this study, we interrogated a rice paddy soil-derived anaerobic arsenic-methylating bacterium,
Paraclostridium bifermentans
strain EML, to explore the effect of growth substrate limitation on arsenic methylation in the context of the microbial warfare hypothesis. We provide direct evidence for the role of growth substrate competition in anaerobic arsenic methylation
via
anaerobic prey-predator co-culture experiments. Moreover, we demonstrate a feedback loop, in which a bacterium resistant to MMAs(III) enhances its production, presumably through enhanced expression of
arsM
resulting from substrate limitation. Our work uncovers the complex interactions between an anaerobic arsenic methylator and its potential competitors.
Student reflections on emotional engagement reveal science fatigue during the COVID-19 online learning transition
Authors: Wester Emma R. , Walsh Lisa L. , Arango-Caro Sandra , Bray Speth Elena , Callis-Duehl Kristine
Published: November 2024

Numerous quantitative studies in science education found that student engagement declined after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, but analyses to identify the factors that drove emotional engagement down are lacking. Emotional engagement is a multidimensional construct composed of interest in an academic discipline, value in an academic course, and anxiety. Here, we use qualitative analysis to examine how and why the emergency shift from face-to-face to online classes during and after the pandemic-induced emergency remote transition impacted student emotional engagement. We coded student responses to open-ended questions using an emotional engagement framework and compared them between March and May 2020. Students’ survey responses indicate that their positive attitudes toward science and value in the course declined. In contrast, more students expressed negative values of the course in the post-survey, with students mainly critiquing instructors and learning. This qualitative analysis offers a deeper understanding of students' emotional challenges during this educational upheaval and suggests effective teaching strategies for future crises.
Draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces noursei
strain DS30.6, isolated from forest soil in Vietnam
Authors: Le Binh Thanh , Truong Ngoc Minh , Vo Quang Dinh , Phan Trang Thi Phuong
Published: November 2024

Streptomyces noursei
strain DS30.6 was chosen to be resistant to
Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum
T2C-Rasto after being isolated from Vietnamese forest soil. The draft genome of this strain was reported to be 8,863,720 bp, with an average guanine-cytosine content of 72.67%.
Integrating early life stress in neurological disease: advancing preventive neurology
Authors: Gillespie Kerri M. , Schweitzer Daniel , Watson Emily , Branjerdporn Grace , Bartlett Selena E.
Published: November 2024

Background

In 2021, an estimated 43% of the world’s population had been diagnosed with a neurological disorder. Early life stress (ELS) is now a well-established risk factor for later-life neurological disorders. However, translation to clinical practice is hindered by oversimplification, lack of standardisation and limited knowledge of the patterns and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.

Methods

The current paper reviews existing literature relating to ELS and neurological disorders and provides an overview and clinical perspective of the gaps in knowledge and future directions required to improve clinical care for patients.

Results

To develop effective preventive or restorative therapies, there will be an increasing need to understand and further define the role of ELS in the subsequent emergence of neurological disorders and to investigate the interaction of ELS with other more widely recognised genetic and environmental factors.

Conclusions

We propose that additional interdisciplinary studies are needed to develop standardised scales to assess ELS and a new taxonomy and survey of ELS for future interdisciplinary studies. In addition, we suggest that further studies involving clinical cohorts have the potential to contribute to important findings that could help enhance the care of patients.
Improving dissemination products and practices for community-based organisations serving LGBTQ+ communities in the USA: a thematic analysis
Authors: Ramanadhan Shoba , Roberts Jane , Salvia Margaret , Hanby Elaine , Chen Jarvis T , Scout NFN , Gordon Robert , Applegate Julia M , Machado Ana M. , Purtle Jonathan , Hughes MacKenzie , Tan Andy S L
Published: November 2024

Background

In the USA, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) people report higher rates of tobacco use than non-LGBTQ+ people due to diverse factors, from anti-LGBTQ stigma to targeted marketing by the tobacco industry. There is an opportunity to support behavioural changes by delivering evidence-based health communication campaigns through community-based organisations (CBOs), but an insufficient evidence base and organisational resource restrictions limit this potential. Our previous research with CBO staff and leaders serving LGBTQ+ communities identified gaps in evidence-based campaigns, such as insufficient centering of LGBTQ+ communities in campaign development and execution. This qualitative study explores opportunities to improve the products and services supporting the dissemination of evidence-based health communication campaigns for LGBTQ+ audiences.

Methods

We conducted key informant interviews between January and June 2021 with individuals who direct or run health promotion programmes in CBOs serving LGBTQ+ populations in the USA (n=26 individuals from 22 organisations). Using critical and constructivist perspectives, we leveraged the analysis team and advisory committee’s diverse research, lived and practice expertise related to LGBTQ+ health. We employed a team-based, reflexive thematic analysis approach.

Results

We identified two key opportunities. Theme 1—show us your work: participants requested (a) details about the evidence-based campaigns, including underlying values and extent of community engagement, and (b) information about campaign mechanisms and impact. Theme 2—support us in our work: participants suggested that evidence-based campaigns should (a) be designed for flexibility and adaptation, (b) offer tools and guidance for adaptation and (c) share granular data and relevant resources. Participants nominated dissemination products and processes to address gaps, including supports to integrate campaigns into multi-level action, data collection tools for adaptation and engagement with campaign developers.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the potential for CBOs to be integral partners in the development and dissemination of evidence-based health communication campaigns that address tobacco-related inequities among LGBTQ+ communities.
Beyond catching fish: exploring community-based management efforts to restore a Sub-Arctic lake in Norway
Authors: Heatta Máret Johansdatter , Mæland Kjerstin Andrea , Hausner Vera
Published: November 2024

Across the world, local communities are actively engaging in management and monitoring of natural resources. The underlying driver of most community-driven efforts goes beyond the utilizations of natural resources to entail a deeper relation to the place or ecosystem they are managing. The aim of this study is to understand what motivates a local volunteer group to spend considerable amount of time and resources to manage and restore a subarctic lake. We used a case study approach combining analysis of documents, participant observation and semi-structured interviews to explore their narrative. The findings show that values, such as care, responsibility, and stewardship, were the primary motivation of this effort and its ultimate goal. The project also promoted relational values like social cohesion, cultural identity, and knowledge-sharing. Despite no longer being essential for subsistence, the lake retains cultural and social significance, highlighting the need to document informal community-based monitoring and management practices for understanding ecological dynamics. The implications include the importance of recognizing relational values in shaping behaviour towards nature for achieving sustainability.
Canadian organic wheat breeding with on-farm selection: A case study using landrace and modern parents
Authors: Carkner Michelle K. , Entz Martin H.
Published: November 2024

Participatory plant breeding (PPB) has the potential to be an alternative to a centralized breeding model for niche markets that are historically underserved. Our objectives were to evaluate the performance of two parental cultivars from a Canadian PPB program: a modern spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar (5602HR) and a landrace (Red Fife)—with the progeny of the cross when selected by two farmers located 1800 km apart (denoted Farm1 and Farm2) and evaluate progeny differences from each other under organic conditions. Red Fife was 18 cm taller, matured 5 days later, and had greater lodging susceptibility, greater seed mass, and 3.5% lower protein concentration than 5602HR. Farmer genotypes were similar to 5602HR in protein concentration and lodging severity, and similar to Red Fife in plant height (14 cm taller than 5602HR) and seed mass. Farmer genotypes did not yield differently from either parent. Farmer genotypes did not differ from each other in most parameters measured; however, Farm1 had greater lodging resistance under high fertility conditions than Farm2 despite similar plant height. This research provides a proof of concept for the role that farmer selectors can play in selecting for positive traits for organic production and provide insight into organic farmers’ preferences. The research also demonstrated that using an older landrace (i.e., Red Fife) allowed positive features such as tall stature to be incorporated into the resulting progeny.
First principles study of elastic and acoustic properties of new chloride perovskites
Authors: Ullah Asim , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool , Iqbal Abid , Saeed Muhammad , Murtaza G.
Published: November 2024

The materials with a perovskite phase have been in the limelight due to their power conversion efficiency (PSC) in solar cells. New perovskite materials are essential to predict the abundant availability of efficient materials for technological applications. Mechanical properties can predict the mechanical stability of crystals. Therefore, it is very important to know their mechanical parameters. So, in this work, the elastic constants [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of the cubic chloride perovskites (ABCl[Formula: see text] have been determined through first principles study using density functional theory by using the Chirpan method integrated with WIEN2k. After calculating the elastic constants, we have also calculated different moduli like Shear, Bulk and Young moduli, different parameters like Kleinman’s constant, Lame constants, Chung–Buessem anisotropy index, universal anisotropic index, acoustic behavior and its anisotropy, hardness, melting temperature, Poisson ratios by using different formulas in connection with the elastic constants. It has been found that the studied compounds possess low resistance to the plastic deformations. It has also been found that the majority of the materials possess a central type of force because Poisson’s ratio is greater than 0.25. It has been studied that six out of eighteen new perovskites were brittle and the rest were ductile. The anisotropy of the materials was checked and found that all the materials are anisotropic elastically. This work is useful for the synthesis of these new perovskites.
An overview of more than ten years of operation of the CMS ECAL
Authors: Zghiche Amina
Published: November 2024

The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is the largest crystal calorimeter operating in a high energy physics experiment. Since its installation in CMS, it has made fundamental contributions to the CMS physics program by precisely measuring the energy, position and timing of photons, electrons and hadronic jets. The excellent ECAL energy resolution facilitated the observation of the Higgs boson in its two photon decay mode in 2012. These important results have been achieved due to the continuous efforts to improve the detector hardware, firmware and software, as well as the energy and timing reconstruction and calibration methods that have been continuously developed and evolved to exploit the full potential of the calorimeter.

A high-level historical overview of the design, construction and operation of the ECAL over more than 10 years will be presented. The talk will review the initial expectations for detector performance and the plans for operation. These expectations will then be compared to the actual performance achieved during LHC operations. The techniques that have been developed and exploited to maintain the highest operational efficiency and achieve the ultimate energy resolution will also be described. In particular, in-situ crystal and photodetector performance, trigger performance, energy resolution and timing resolution will be addressed. The impacts of ageing on detector performance and the challenges of monitoring and correcting for these effects will also be highlighted. The talk will summarise the lessons learned during the construction and operation phases of the calorimeter, with a prospective look at the CMS calorimeters upgrades for the High Luminosity Collider HL-LHC.