bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free 1,5‐Regioselective Azide–Alkyne [3+2]‐Cycloaddition
Authors: Kloss Florian , Köhn Uwe , Jahn Burkhard O. , Hager Martin D. , Görls Helmar , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: September 2011

[3+2]‐cycloaddition reactions of aromatic azides and silylated alkynes in aqueous media yield 1,5‐disubstituted‐4‐(trimethyl‐silyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles. The formation of the 1,5‐isomer is highly favored in this metal‐free cycloaddition, which could be proven by 1D selective NOESY and X‐ray investigations. Additionally, DFT calculations corroborate the outstanding favoritism regarding the 1,5‐isomer. The described method provides a simple alternative protocol to metal‐catalyzed “click chemistry” procedures, widening the scope for regioselective heavy‐metal‐free synthetic applications.
Click Chemistry: 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Pharmacophores
Authors: Agalave Sandip G. , Maujan Suleman R. , Pore Vandana S.
Published: September 2011

The copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,2,3‐triazole‐forming reaction between azides and terminal alkynes has become the gold standard of ‘click chemistry’ due to its reliability, specificity, and biocompatibility. Applications of click chemistry are increasingly found in all aspects of drug discovery; they range from lead finding through combinatorial chemistry and target‐templated in vitro chemistry, to proteomics and DNA research by using bioconjugation reactions. The triazole products are more than just passive linkers; they readily associate with biological targets, through hydrogen‐bonding and dipole interactions. The present review will focus mainly on the recent literature for applications of this reaction in the field of medicinal chemistry, in particular on use of the 1,2,3‐triazole moiety as pharmacophore.
Genetically inbred Balb/c mice differ from outbred Swiss Webster mice on discrete measures of sociability: relevance to a genetic mouse model of autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Jacome Luis F. , Burket Jessica A. , Herndon Amy L. , Deutsch Stephen I.
Published: September 2011

The Balb/c mouse is proposed as a model of human disorders with prominent deficits of sociability, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) that may involve pathophysiological disruption of NMDA receptor‐mediated neurotransmission. A standard procedure was used to measure sociability in 8‐week‐old male genetically inbred Balb/c and outbred Swiss Webster mice. Moreover, because impaired sociability may influence the social behavior of stimulus mice, we also measured the proportion of total episodes of social approach made by the stimulus mouse while test and stimulus mice were allowed to interact freely. Three raters with good inter‐rater agreement evaluated operationally defined measures of sociability chosen because of their descriptive similarity to deficits of social behavior reported in persons with ASDs. The data support previous reports that the Balb/c mouse is a genetic mouse model of impaired sociability. The data also show that the behavior of the social stimulus mouse is influenced by the impaired sociability of the Balb/c strain. Interestingly, operationally defined measures of sociability did not necessarily correlate with each other within mouse strain and the profile of correlated measures differed between strains. Finally, “stereotypic” behaviors (i.e. rearing, grooming and wall climbing) recorded during the session of free interaction between the test and social stimulus mice were more intensely displayed by Swiss Webster than Balb/c mice, suggesting that the domains of sociability and “restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior” are independent of each other in the Balb/c strain. Autism Res 2011,4:393–400. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of distributed storage and pre‐processing on Miscanthus production and provision systems
Authors: Shastri Yogendra N. , Rodriguez Luis F. , Hansen Alan C. , Ting K.C.
Published: September 2011

Distributed storage and pre‐processing of biomass feedstock at satellite storage locations (storage depots) has been proposed in literature to reduce costs and improve efficiency of the supply system. The performance of such a system, however, has not yet been rigorously quantified and compared with conventional alternatives. This work presents such an analysis using the BioFeed optimization model. BioFeed is a system‐level model that optimizes the important feedstock production activities and determines the optimal system configuration on a regional basis. The BioFeed model was first modified to enable modeling of mechanical pre‐processing, such as pelletization and grinding, at the input or the output of storage facilities, which can be mandatory or optional. The model was used to study different Miscanthus production scenarios in southern Illinois. The results showed that making storage pre‐processing mandatory increased the total cost by up to 16–53% as compared to the base case. However, it reduced the farmers' share of the total cost by up to 13–39%. The exact values depended on the particular pre‐processing technology and scenario modeled. The most cost‐effective system consisted of a combination of pre‐processing on the farms as well as at the storage facilities. The study recommended that biomass output from a hammer mill should be the biorefinery delivery specification; the hammer mills should be installed at the input of the storage facilities, but pre‐processing at the storage facility should be optional. This led to the minimum total cost of 46.4 $ Mg‐1. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Caught in the act: Rapid, symbiont‐driven evolution
Authors: White Jennifer A.
Published: September 2011

Facultative bacterial endosymbionts can transfer horizontally among lineages of their arthropod hosts, providing the recipient with a suite of traits that can lead to rapid evolutionary response, as has been recently demonstrated. But how common is symbiont‐driven evolution? Evidence suggests that successful symbiont transfers are most likely within a species or among closely related species, although more distant transfers have occurred over evolutionary history. Symbiont‐driven evolution need not be a function of a recent horizontal transfer, however. Many endosymbionts infect only a small proportion of a host population, but could quickly increase in frequency under favorable selection regimes. Some host species appear to accumulate a diversity of facultative endosymbionts, and it is among these species that symbiont‐driven evolution should be most prevalent. It remains to be determined how frequently symbionts enable rapid evolutionary response by their hosts, but substantial ecological effects are a likely consequence whenever it does occur.
Critical conditions for ferric chloride‐induced flocculation of freshwater algae
Authors: Wyatt Nicholas B. , Gloe Lindsey M. , Brady Patrick V. , Hewson John C. , Grillet Anne M. , Hankins Matthew G. , Pohl Phillip I.
Published: September 2011

The effects of algae concentration, ferric chloride dose, and pH on the flocculation efficiency of the freshwater algae Chlorella zofingiensis can be understood by considering the nature of the electrostatic charges on the algae and precipitate surfaces. Two critical conditions are identified which, when met, result in flocculation efficiencies in excess of 90% for freshwater algae. First, a minimum concentration of ferric chloride is required to overcome the electrostatic stabilization of the algae and promote bridging of algae cells by hydroxide precipitates. At low algae concentrations, the minimum amount of ferric chloride required increases linearly with algae concentration, characteristic of flocculation primarily through electrostatic bridging by hydroxide precipitates. At higher algae concentrations, the minimum required concentration of ferric chloride for flocculation is independent of algae concentration, suggesting a change in the primary flocculation mechanism from bridging to sweep flocculation. Second, the algae must have a negative surface charge. Experiments and surface complexation modeling show that the surface charge of C. zofingiensis is negative above a pH of 4.0 ± 0.3 which agrees well with the minimum pH required for effective flocculation. These critical flocculation criteria can be extended to other freshwater algae to design effective flocculation systems. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:493–501. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review of perianal implants in the treatment of faecal incontinence
Authors: Hussain Z I , Lim M , Stojkovic S G
Published: September 2011

Background

Injectable bulking agents have been used with varying success for the treatment of faecal incontinence. This systematic review aimed to investigate the various injectable agents and techniques used for the treatment of faecal incontinence, and to assess their safety and efficacy.

Methods

Thirty-nine publications were identified and studied. The following variables were pooled for univariable analysis: type, location, route of bulking agents, and the use of ultrasound guidance, antibiotics, laxatives and anaesthetics. Predictors of the development of complications and successful outcomes were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1070 patients were included in the analysis. On multivariable analysis, the only significant predictor of the development of complications was the route of injection of bulking agents (odds ratio 3·40, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·62 to 7·12; P = 0·001). Two variables were significant predictors of a successful short-term outcome: the use of either PTQ® (OR 5·93, 2·21 to 16·12; P = 0·001) or Coaptite® (OR 10·74, 1·73 to 65·31; P = 0·001) was associated with a greater likelihood of success. Conversely, the use of local anaesthetic was associated with a lower likelihood of success (OR 0·18, 0·05 to 0·59; P = 0·005). Failure to use laxatives in the postoperative period resulted in a poorer medium- to longer-term outcome (OR 0·13, 0·06 to 0·25; P = 0·001).

Conclusion

This systematic review has identified variations in the practice of injection of bulking agents that appear to influence the likelihood of complications and affect the outcomes after treatment.
Development of a sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of fenofibric acid in rat plasma
Authors: Wang Guanxiong , Guo Jifen , Meng Fanhua , Song Xiaomei , Zhong Bohua , Zhao Yimin
Published: September 2011

A rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for the quantification of fenofibric acid in rat plasma was developed and validated. Plasma samples were prepared by liquid–liquid extraction with a mixture of N‐hexane–dichloromethane–isopropanol (100:50:5, v/v/v). Isocratic chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed‐phase Discovery C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase was methanol–water–formic (75:25:0.25, v/v/v). Detection of fenofibric acid and the internal standard (IS) diclofenac acid was achieved by ESI MS/MS in the negative ion mode using m/z 317 → m/z 213 and m/z 294 → m/z 250 transitions, respectively. The method was linear from 0.005 to 1.250 µg/mL when 100 μL plasma was analyzed. The lower limit of quantification was 0.005 µg/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision values were below 8.2%, and accuracy ranged from −0.9 to 2.1% in all quality control samples. The recovery was 90.3–94.7% and 83.3% for fenofibric acid and IS, respectively. Total run time for each sample analysis was 2.5 min. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in six rats after oral administration of fenofibrate, the ester prodrug of fenofibric acid (equivalent to fenofibric acid 5 mg/kg). The method permits laboratory scientists with access to the appropriate instrumentation to perform rapid fenofibric acid determination. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of leonurine, a novel potential cardiovascular agent, in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study in rats
Authors: Zhu Qing , Cai Weimin , Sha Xianyi , Ma Guo , Zheng Yuanting , Shi Xueru , Zhu Yizhun
Published: September 2011

Leonurine (SCM‐198), an alkaloid from Herba Leonuri, has been suggested as a novel cardiovascular agent by pharmacology studies in preclinical stage. In present study, we report a simple, rapid and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC‐MS/MS) for determination of leonurine in rat plasma. Leonurine and its internal standard (IS) n‐benzoyl‐l‐arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) were extracted from plasma samples by one‐step protein precipitation with perchloric acid. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 5 µm) using an isocratic elution with acetonitrile–ammonium acetate buffer (10 mm, pH 4.0; 25:75, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with the transitions of m/z 312.3 → 181.1 for leonurine and m/z 307.2 → 104.6 for IS. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 4–256 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 4 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day assay precision (as relative standard deviation) were <15%, except which at LLOQ were <20%, with accuracy in the range 98.73‐105.42%. The validated HPLC‐MS/MS method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study in rats following oral administration of leonurine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perfusion 123IMP‐SPECT shows reversible abnormalities in GABAB receptor antibody associated encephalitis with normal MRI
Authors: Ohta Kouichi , Seki Morinobu , Dalmau Josep , Shinohara Yukito
Published: September 2011

A new subtype of autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against GABAB receptor was recently identified. Although immune‐mediated functional abnormalities are suggested for the pathogenesis, functional brain imaging such as perfusion SPECT has not been documented. A 62‐year‐old woman with anti‐GABAB receptor associated encephalitis underwent 123I‐IMP SPECT in the beginning and after methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection analysis was used to evaluate the cortical distribution of perfusion abnormality. The patient presented with clinical features of subacute limbic encephalitis. Antibodies to GABAB receptor were identified in her serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but no tumor was detected. Despite normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, the first SPECT revealed hypoperfusion of the frontal, parietal and medial temporal lobes, as well as thalamus, and cerebellum. These areas are known to contain high levels of GABAB receptors. In contrast, the SPECT revealed hyperperfusion in the motor strip and left temporal lobe, which are areas related to some of the patient's symptoms, including seizures, orolingual dyskinesia, and Wernicke aphasia. After treatment with pulses of methylprednisolone, the neuropsychiatric symptoms resolved and the SPECT findings showed substantial improvement in most of these regions. In conclusion, the findings suggest that immunotherapy improved the cortical dysfunction mediated by GABAB receptor antibodies.
Capturing the Psychopathic Female: A Prototypicality Analysis of the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) Across Gender
Authors: Kreis Mette K. F. , Cooke David J.
Published: September 2011

Psychopathy in women has been subject to little systematic investigation; no coherent conceptualization of the disorder in women exists. Previous research is constrained by the reliance both on a male conceptualization of psychopathy and on assessment instruments developed, and primarily validated, with men. This study utilized a newly developed, broad, personality‐based, and gender‐sensitive lexical model of psychopathy, the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP). Prototypical analysis was used to explore gender differences in the construct and the content validity of the CAPP model across gender. Symptoms were rated by international mental health professionals (N = 132). The findings support the content validity of the CAPP across gender and suggest that – at symptom and domain levels – psychopathic men and women have key similarities, but also that important gender differences exists. This has implications for the assessment of psychopathy in women, and has relevance for the proposed revision of diagnostic criteria for personality disorders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and feasibility of a miniaturized stirred tank bioreactor to perform E. coli high cell density fed‐batch fermentations
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Perez‐Pardo Miguel Angel , Aucamp Jean P. , Craig Alan , Bracewell Daniel G. , Baganz Frank
Published: September 2011

The use of small scale bioreactors that are mechanically and functionally similar to large scale reactors is highly desirable to accelerate bioprocess development because they enable well‐defined scale translations. In this study, a 25‐mL miniaturized stirred tank bioreactor (MSBR) has been characterized in terms of its power input, hydrodynamics, and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) to assess its potential to grow high cell density (HCD) cultures using adequate scale‐down criteria. Engineering characterization results show scale down, based on matched specific power input (PG/V), is feasible from a 20‐L pilot scale stirred tank bioreactor. Results from fed‐batch fermentations performed using Fab′ producing E. coli W3110 at matched (PG/V) in the MSBR and 20‐L STR demonstrated that the MSBR can accurately scale down the 20‐L fermentation performance in terms of growth and Fab′ production. Successful implementation of a fed‐batch strategy in the MSBR resulted in maximum optical density of ca. 114 and total Fab′ concentration of 940 μg/mL compared with ca. 118 and 990 μg/mL in 20‐L STR. Furthermore, the use of the MSBR in conjunction with primary recovery scale‐down tools to assess the harvest material of both reactors showed comparable shear sensitivity and centrifugation performance. The conjoint use of the MSBR with ultra scale‐down (USD) centrifugation mimics can provide a cost‐efficient manner in which to design and develop bioprocesses that account for good upstream performance as well as their manufacturability downstream. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Antioxidant effect of red mould rice in hypercholesterolemic Wistar male rats
Authors: Mohan‐Kumari H. P. , Dhale Mohan A. , Akhilender Naidu K. , Vijayalakshmi G.
Published: September 2011

The effect of Monascus purpureus red mould rice (RMR) on modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress was studied in hypercholesterolemic rats. Cholesterol feeding for 14 weeks caused a significant increase in the lipid peroxides and total thiols and antioxidant enzymes, viz. glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum and liver in comparison to the control group. However, supplementation of RMR to hypercholesterolemic rats at 8, 12 and 16% significantly increased the GRd, GPx, SOD and CAT activities in serum and liver tissues. Furthermore, RMR feeding significantly decreased total thiols and lipid peroxides and also increased other antioxidant molecules such as glutathione and ascorbic acid in high‐cholesterol fed rats. The efficiency of RMR (16%) in modulating the antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes is comparable to standard drug—lovastatin. Thus, this study suggests that the long‐term administration of RMR may play an important role in suppressing oxidative stress and, thus, may be useful for the prevention and/or early treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Dispersed Molybdenum Oxide Supported on Silica SBA‐15
Authors: Thielemann Jörg P. , Weinberg Gisela , Hess Christian
Published: September 2011

Silica‐supported molybdenum oxide catalysts with high densities of disperse molybdenum oxide species of up to 3.5 atoms nm−2 were prepared by using a novel synthesis approach on the basis of functionalized mesoporous SBA‐15. As revealed by using Raman spectroscopy and thermal analysis, the synthesis mechanism consists of an ion exchange of heptamolybdate ions (Mo7O246−) into the porous functionalized framework and decomposition of the intact precursor into smaller fragments during final calcination. The amount of dispersed molybdenum oxide as well as the ratio of dispersed to crystalline molybdenum oxide was determined in detail for Mo densities of 0–13.0 atoms nm−2 by using a combination of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy. Up to 3.5 atoms nm−2 dehydrated molybdenum oxide is present exclusively as dispersed species. At higher densities, additional Mo is introduced as crystalline MoO3, and the amount of dispersed species remains unchanged. The structure of the supported molybdenum oxide under ambient conditions largely resembles that of heptamolybdate ions. Dehydration leads to the formation of grafted monomeric and connected molybdenum oxide surface species. Detailed X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed an increase in the Mo/Si ratio as well as a positive binding energy shift upon dehydration, indicative of an increase in the dispersion of the supported molybdenum oxide. The combination of Raman and XPS analyses establishes a correlation of the changes in structure and dispersion of the supported molybdenum oxide species.
Synthesis, Structure, and Physical Properties of a Partial π‐Stacked Phenalenyl‐Based Neutral Radical Molecular Conductor
Authors: Sarkar Arindam , Itkis Mikhail E. , Tham Fook S. , Haddon Robert C.
Published: September 2011

We report the synthesis, crystallization, and solid‐state characterization of the 3,7‐ethoxy‐substituted spirobiphenalenyl‐boron neutral radical 22. The radical is distinguished by its low disproportionation energy and one‐dimensional structure. We show that our strategy of substitution of OEt group at the active positions of the phenalenyl units changes the crystal packing from its previously known OMe analogue and the solid‐state properties are dictated by the partial π‐stack structure and the oxygen atoms at the 3,7‐positions and can be best rationalized in terms of the resonating valence bond model. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that in the solid state the radical remains paramagnetic but there is significant spin–spin interaction between the molecules. Band structure calculations reflect efficient overlap between the molecules along the π stack and show evidence of interactions between the spin‐bearing oxygen atoms. The room temperature electrical conductivity (σRT=2.0×10−2 S cm−1) of 22 is higher than that observed in previously known one‐dimensional phenalenyl radicals.
Efficient Complexation of Pyrrole‐Bridged Dizinc(II) Bisporphyrin with Fluorescent Probe Pyrene: Synthesis, Structure, and Photoinduced Singlet–Singlet Energy Transfer
Authors: Chaudhary Arvind , Rath Sankar Prasad
Published: September 2011

A diethylpyrrole‐bridged dizinc(II) bisporphyrin (Zn2DEP) is reported that encapsulates fluorescent probe pyrene molecules through strong π–π interactions, which can relay information about the chemical environment in the interior of the host–guest supramolecular assembly. X‐ray structures of both Zn2DEP and the encapsulated pyrene complex are reported, which provides a rare opportunity to investigate the structural changes upon guest binding. A comparative structural analysis demonstrated the exceptional ability of this bisporphyrin platform to open its binding pocket for pyrene encapsulation by a vertical displacement of more than 2.45 Å, although both Zn2DEP and the pyrene complex have nearly parallel porphyrin ring orientations. The 1H NMR spectrum of the encapsulated pyrene complex in solution shows the upfield shifts of the pyrene protons due to a strong ring current effect, which demonstrates the retention of the solid‐state structure in solution. To further assess the extent to which pyrene guests remain encapsulated in solution, a known fluorescence quencher, dimethylaniline, was added to the host–guest assembly, which shows no exciplex formation for days in nonpolar solvents. Thus, the assembly also retained the structural integrity in solution for a long time. The association constant (Kasso) for such a complexation process in solution was observed to be 1.78×105 M−2 for 1:2 binding. Steady‐state fluorescence and lifetime studies indicate significant photoinduced singlet–singlet energy transformation from the excited state of pyrene to zinc bisporphyrin.
Zinc(II) Complexes of Ubiquitin: Speciation, Affinity and Binding Features
Authors: Arena Giuseppe , Fattorusso Roberto , Grasso Giuseppe , Grasso Giuseppa Ida , Isernia Carla , Malgieri Gaetano , Milardi Danilo , Rizzarelli Enrico
Published: September 2011

Intraneuronal inclusions consisting of hypermetallated, (poly‐)ubiquitinated proteins are a hallmark of neurodegeneration. To highlight the possible role played by metal ions in the dysfunction of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, here we report on zinc(II)/ubiquitin binding in terms of affinity constants, speciation, preferential binding sites and effects on protein stability and self‐assembly. Potentiometric titrations allowed us to establish that at neutral pH only two species, ZnUb and Zn2Ub, are present in solution, in line with ESI‐MS data. A change in the diffusion coefficient of ubiquitin was observed by NMR DOSY experiments after addition of ZnII ions, and thus indicates metal‐promoted formation of protein assemblies. Analysis of 1H, 15N, 13Cα and 13CO chemical‐shift perturbation after equimolar addition of ZnII ions to ubiquitin outlined two different metal‐binding modes. The first involves a dynamic equilibrium in which zinc(II) is shared between a region including Met1, Gln2, Ile3, Phe4, Thr12, Leu15, Glu16, Val17, Glu18, Ile61 and Gln62 residues, which represent a site already described for copper binding, and a domain comprising Ile23, Glu24, Lys27, Ala28, Gln49, Glu51, Asp52, Arg54 and Thr55 residues. A second looser binding mode is centred on His68. Differential scanning calorimetry evidenced that addition of increasing amounts of ZnII ions does not affect protein thermal stability; rather it influences the shape of thermograms because of the increased propensity of ubiquitin to self‐associate. The results presented here indicate that ZnII ions may interact with specific regions of ubiquitin and promote protein–protein contacts.
Conjugated 4‐Methoxybipyrrole Thiophene Azomethines: Synthesis, Opto‐Electronic Properties, and Crystallographic Characterization
Authors: Tshibaka Tshitundu , Bishop Sophie , Roche Ivan Ulliel , Dufresne Stéphane , Lubell William D. , Skene William G.
Published: September 2011

In the search of functional materials with improved electrochromic properties, thiophenes and asymmetric bipyrroles have been conjugated with azomethine units. 4‐Methoxy‐2,2′‐bipyrroles 3–6 were first synthesized by a general route from 4‐hydroxyproline and converted subsequently to dialdehydes 8–15, which underwent condensations with different aminothiophenes to provide azomethine conjugates 14–18 and 20–22. The crystallization and X‐ray analysis of 20 showed the heterocycles and azomethine bonds were all co‐planar with the heterocycles adopting an anti‐parallel arrangement. These configurations result in extended conjugation and enhanced opto‐electronic properties of the azomethines. Oxidation potential (Epa) was tailored by modification of the substitution pattern of the terminal thiophenes and central pyrroles of the azomethines. The combined low Epa and extended azomethine degree of conjugation resulted in stark color transitions occurring between their neutral and oxidized states. Reversible color formation was induced both electrochemically and by doping/de‐doping with trifluoroacetic acid/triethylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of a Broad Range of New Chiral Phosphine—Carbene Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Passays Johan , Ayad Tahar , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Gaumont Anne‐Claude , Jubault Philippe , Leclerc Eric
Published: September 2011

The novel catalysts of the type (I) are synthesized on a gram scale and applied in the hydrogenation of dehydroamino acids (II) and methylstilbene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Recoverable Osmium Catalysts for Dihydroxylation of Olefins.
Authors: Fujita Ken‐ichi , Umeki Satoshi , Yamazaki Manabu , Ainoya Taku , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Yasuda Hiroyuki
Published: September 2011

A magnetically recoverable osmium catalyst is prepared by use of magnetite, quaternary ammonium salt, and potassium osmate(VI) and applied to the dihydroxylation of olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: MOM‐, MEM‐ and SEM‐Phenyl Selenides as Reagents for the Protection of Alcohols as Alkoxymethyl Ethers.
Authors: Temperini Andrea , Annesi Diego , Testaferri Lorenzo , Tiecco Marcello
Published: September 2011

Activation of Mom‐, Mem‐, and Sem‐phenyl selenides by iodonium or Cu(I) ions in the presence of alcohols (I), (IV), (VII), and (IX) affords to corresponding alkoxymethyl ethers (III), (VI), (VIII), and (XI), respectively, in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Aryl and Trifluoromethyl Group Substituted Unsymmetrical Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Kawatsura Motoi , Namioka Junya , Kajita Koji , Yamamoto Mitsuaki , Tsuji Hiroaki , Itoh Toshiyuki
Published: September 2011

The reaction proceeds with complete (E)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Recovery and Reuse of an Immobilized Peptidic Organocatalyst.
Authors: Arakawa Yukihiro , Wiesner Markus , Wennemers Helma
Published: September 2011

The immobilized peptide is found to be an efficient catalyst for the asymmetric conjugate addition of various aldehydes to nitroolefins.
ChemInform Abstract: tBuOLi‐Mediated Alkynylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Chuanbin , Li Xiaolong , Meng Xu , Wang Tiansheng , Li Jihui , Chen Baohua
Published: September 2011

A simple and efficient method for the preparation of propargylic alcohols (III) (23 examples) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Mediated Oxidative Dimerization of 1‐Methoxy Naphthalene.
Authors: Ramchander J. , Reddy A. Ram
Published: September 2011

Nitration of 1‐methoxy naphthalene with ceric ammonium nitrate affords the unusual dimeric nitration product (I) along with 5 known nitrated compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Axially Chiral Phosphine—Oxazoline Ligands in Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of N‐Boc Aldimines with Trimethylsiloxyfuran.
Authors: Zhao Qian‐Yi , Shi Min
Published: September 2011

Among 12 chiral binaphthylphosphines, (Ra)‐BOP is the best ligand in the reaction with imine (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Access to Spiroketals, Mono‐Unsaturated Spiroketals, and Furans: Hg(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkyne Diols and Triols.
Authors: Ravindar Kontham , Reddy Maddi Sridhar , Deslongchamps Pierre
Published: September 2011

The reaction leads to spirocyclic products with excellent regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation of Pyrrole Derivatives in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Vakuliuk Olena , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: September 2011

An environmentally friendly method for the arylation of pyrrole derivatives is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Base‐Modulated Chemoselective Synthesis of 3‐Cyanoindoles or 4‐Cyanoquinolines Using a Palladium‐Catalyzed N‐Heterocyclization.
Authors: Banini Serge R. , Turner Michael R. , Cummings Matthew M. , Soederberg Bjoern C. G.
Published: September 2011

Depending on the absence or presence of DBU, cyanoalkenes (I) cyclize either to indole or quinoline derivatives (II) or (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 4‐Hetarylpyrazole and Furo[2,3‐c]pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Bondock Samir , Khalifa Wesam , Fadda Ahmed A.
Published: September 2011

A variety of new functionalized 4‐hetarylpyrazole and furopyrazole derivatives are synthesized via reaction of 5‐hydroxypyrazole (I) with appropriate nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,α‐Diarylacetamides from Benzyl Aryl Ketones Using 2‐Azido‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium Hexafluorophosphate.
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Miyagawa Satoshi , Okauchi Tatsuo
Published: September 2011

Ketones (I) react with title compound (II) to give migratory amidated compounds (III), which are transformed into the corresponding acetamides (IV) by treatment with LiAlH4.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Benzoxazolinones by the Curtis Rearrangement: Crystal Structures of Intermediates and By‐Products.
Authors: Laus Gerhard , Kahlenberg Volker , Wurst Klaus , Nerdinger Sven , Schottenberger Herwig
Published: September 2011

The synthesis of 7‐substituted benzoxazolinones (IV) by the Curtis rearrangement of (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Some Chromeno[3,4‐b]pyrrol‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Soman S. S. , Thaker T. H. , Rajput R. A.
Published: September 2011

A new synthesis of title chromenopyrrolones (IV) based on the condensation of aminochromenones (I) with α‐halo ketones (II) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,n‐Allenynamides.
Authors: Garcia Pierre , Harrak Youssef , Diab Lisa , Cordier Pierre , Ollivier Cyril , Gandon Vincent , Malacria Max , Fensterbank Louis , Aubert Corinne
Published: September 2011

Depending on the substitution pattern of the allene moiety, various N‐heterocycles which incorporate cross‐conjugated trienes are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Nitroxides. Part 12. 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethyl‐1‐oxyl‐4‐piperidyl Chloroformate — A New Reactive Nitroxyl Radical. A One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethyl‐1‐oxyl‐4‐piperidyl N,N‐Dialkyl‐carbamates.
Authors: Zakrzewski Jerzy , Krawczyk Maria
Published: September 2011

A series of 10 nitroxide derivatives of type (V) is prepared via the chloroformates or chlorothioformates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Conversion of sp3 C—O Bonds in Ethers to C—C Bonds Using Triarylboroxines.
Authors: Ogiwara Yohei , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi
Published: September 2011

The reaction is applied to alkyl ethers bearing 2‐ or 4‐pyridyl groups and various triarylboroxines.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(2‐Aminobenzoyl)‐N‐methylhydrazones of Aldehydes and Aldoses and Their Cyclization to Benzo‐1,3,4‐triazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Ershov A. Yu. , Chernitsa B. V. , Doroshenko V. A. , Yakimovich S. I. , Alekseyev V. V. , Lagoda I. V. , Pakal'nis V. V. , Zerova I. V. , Shamanin V. V.
Published: September 2011

Condensation products of title hydrazone with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes as well as aldoses are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Catalysis: Alcohol Oxidation and C—C Bond Formation via C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Simon Marc‐Olivier , Ung Gael , Darses Sylvain
Published: September 2011

This combination of oxidation and hydroarylation provides convenient access to silicon‐functionalized aromatic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Alkyl α‐Selenocarbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Bifunctional Organocatalysts.
Authors: Marcos Vanesa , Aleman Jose , Garcia Ruano Jose L. , Marini Francesca , Tiecco Marcello
Published: September 2011

A wide scope of arylsubstituted nitroalkenes can be converted with good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: New Monoterpene Glycosides and Phenolic Compounds from Distylium racemosum and Their Inhibitory Activity Against Ribonuclease H.
Authors: Kim Jeong Ah , Yang Seo Young , Wamiru Anthony , McMahon James B. , Le Grice Stuart F. J. , Beutler John A. , Kim Young Ho
Published: September 2011

The novel monoterpene glycosides distyloside A (I) and B (II) and the new megastigmane glucoside iso‐dihydrodendranthemoside A (III) are isolated from twigs and leaves of Distylium racemosum together with five known phenolic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiplasmodial and Antitumor Activity of Dihydroartemisinin Analogues Derived via the Aza‐Michael Addition Reaction.
Authors: Feng Tzu‐Shean , Guantai Eric M. , Nell Margo J. , van Rensburg Constance E. J. , Hoppe Heinrich C. , Chibale Kelly
Published: September 2011

The aza‐Michael reaction of 10α‐ and 10β‐dihydroartemisinin acrylates, respectively with amines and chloroquinoline amines gives access to novel artemisinin analogues (I) and (II) whose antiplasmodial and antitumor activity is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropenium Cation Promoted Dehydrative Glycosylations Using 2‐Deoxy‐ and 2,6‐Dideoxy‐Sugar Donors.
Authors: Nogueira Jason M. , Nguyen Son Hong , Bennett Clay S.
Published: September 2011

α‐Selectivity is observed for both donors (I) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 7‐Acyl Homocamptothecins as Toposiomerase I Inhibitors.
Authors: Zhang Wannian , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

A series of novel 7‐substituted homocamptothecin derivatives are synthesized using the reaction of 10‐methoxyhomocamptothecin (III) with aldehydes under Minisci free‐radical reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Step Synthesis of Ethyl Canthinone‐3‐carboxylates from Ethyl 4‐Bromo‐6‐methoxy‐1,5‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylate via a Pd‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling and a Cu‐Catalyzed Amidation Reaction.
Authors: Ioannidou Heraklidia A. , Martin Aaron , Gollner Andreas , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: September 2011

The aza analogues (IX) are also available.
ChemInform Abstract: 4β‐[(4‐Alkyl)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl] Podophyllotoxins as Anticancer Compounds: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Reddy Doma Mahendhar , Srinivas Jada , Chashoo Gousia , Saxena Ajit K. , Kumar H. M. Sampath
Published: September 2011

The title compounds (III) are evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines SF‐295, A‐549, PC‐3, Hep‐2, HCT‐15 and MCF‐7.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Synthetic Approaches to Elaborate Single Molecule Magnets
Authors: Journaux Yves , Lisnard Laurent
Published: September 2011

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ellagitannin Natural Products
Authors: Pouysegu Laurent , Deffieux Denis , Malik Gaelle , Natangelo Anna , Quideau Stephane
Published: September 2011

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchors: How these Complex Molecules Have Been Made
Authors: Nikolaev Andrei V. , Al‐Maharik Nawaf
Published: September 2011

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products Synthesis: Enabling Tools to Penetrate Nature′s Secrets of Biogenesis and Biomechanism
Authors: Williams Robert M.
Published: September 2011

Review: about 380 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Early Metal Bis(phosphorus‐stabilized)carbene Chemistry
Authors: Liddle Stephen T. , Mills David P. , Wooles Ashley J.
Published: September 2011

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomerically Pure β2‐Amino Acids
Authors: Seidelmann Oliver , Wendisch Volkmar
Published: September 2011

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligo‐ and Polysaccharide‐Conjugated Materials with Siloxane Backbones
Authors: Kaneko Yoshiro
Published: September 2011

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solubilizing Groups: A Conceptual Equivalent of Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ravikumar Velayutham , Fin Andrea , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: September 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox and Photo Functions of Metal Complex Oligomer and Polymer Wires on the Electrode
Authors: Miyachi Mariko , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: September 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Catalysis of Phosphate‐Transfer Reactions by the Large Ribozymes
Authors: Loennberg Tuomas
Published: September 2011

Review: 226 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Molecules to Materials: Molecular Paddle‐Wheel Synthons of Macromolecules, Cage Compounds and Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Koeberl Mathias , Cokoja Mirza , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: September 2011

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Present Status of Radiochromic Techniques for Nuclear Radiation Measurements
Authors: Vajapurkar S. G. , Bera Anuradha
Published: September 2011

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mathematical Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Review
Authors: Hajimolana S. Ahmad , Hussain M. Azlan , Daud W. M. Ashri Wan , Soroush M. , Shamiri A.
Published: September 2011

Review: 198 refs.
Optimization of Production Systems Using Material Flow Networks
Authors: Lambrecht Hendrik
Published: September 2011

Stoffstromnetzbasierte Softwaretools werden heute von zahlreichen Unternehmen eingesetzt, um komplexe Produktionssysteme zu analysieren und zu verbessern. Stoffstromnetze sind eine spezielle Technik der Stoffstromanalyse, deren intuitiver Modellierungsansatz die Identifizierung von Optimierungspotenzialen begünstigt. Eine automatische Modelloptimierung ist dagegen bislang nicht möglich. Hier werden der Prototyp eines stoffstromnetzbasierten Optimierungswerkzeugs sowie numerische Ergebnisse zur Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit der implementierten Optimierungsalgorithmen vorgestellt. Durch die Anwendung des Optimierungswerkzeugs auf ein Planungsproblem aus der Abfallwirtschaft werden die Vorteile einer Integration von Stoffstromanalyse und Optimierung illustriert.
CO2‐Triggered Metal Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐free Aminochlorination of Methylenecyclopropanes
Authors: Qi Minghui , Shao Lixiong , Shi Min
Published: September 2011

Aminochlorination of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) 1 can be achieved under CO2 atmosphere using N,N‐dichlorotoluenesulfonamine (TsNCl2) as the nitrogen and halogen sources at room temperature to give the corresponding normal ring‐remaining aminochlorinated products 2 along with/without the ring‐opened aminochlorinated products 3 in moderate to good total yields. The present process takes the advantage of the green benign reaction conditions in the absence of any metal catalyst and solvent.
Hydrophobic Oxime Ethers: A Versatile Class of pDNA and siRNA Transfection Lipids
Authors: Biswas Souvik , Knipp Ralph J. , Gordon Laura E. , Nandula Seshagiri R. , Gorr Sven‐Ulrik , Clark Geoffrey J. , Nantz Michael H.
Published: September 2011

The manipulation of the cationic lipid structures to increase polynucleotide binding and delivery properties, while also minimizing associated cytotoxicity, has been a principal strategy for developing next‐generation transfection agents. The polar (DNA binding) and hydrophobic domains of transfection lipids have been extensively studied; however, the linking domain comprising the substructure used to tether the polar and hydrophobic domains has attracted considerably less attention as an optimization variable. Here, we examine the use of an oxime ether as the linking domain. Hydrophobic oxime ethers were readily assembled via click chemistry by oximation of hydrophobic aldehydes using an aminooxy salt. A facile ligation reaction delivered the desired compounds with hydrophobic domain asymmetry. Using the MCF‐7 breast cancer, H1792 lung cancer and PAR C10 salivary epithelial cell lines, our findings show that lipoplexes derived from oxime ether lipids transfect in the presence of serum at higher levels than commonly used liposome formulations, based on both luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) assays. Given the biological compatibility of oxime ethers and their ease of formation, this functional group should find significant application as a linking domain in future designs of transfection vectors.
Molecular classification of nonsmall cell lung cancer using a 4‐protein quantitative assay
Authors: Anagnostou Valsamo K. , Dimou Anastasios T. , Botsis Taxiarchis , Killiam Elizabeth J. , Gustavson Mark D. , Homer Robert J. , Boffa Daniel , Zolota Vassiliki , Dougenis Dimitrios , Tanoue Lynn , Gettinger Scott N. , Detterbeck Frank C. , Syrigos Konstantinos N. , Bepler Gerold , Rimm David L.
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:

The importance of definitive histological subclassification has increased as drug trials have shown benefit associated with histology in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The acuity of this problem is further exacerbated by the use of minimally invasive cytology samples. Here we describe the development and validation of a 4‐protein classifier that differentiates primary lung adenocarcinomas (AC) from squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).

METHODS:

Quantitative immunofluorescence (AQUA) was employed to measure proteins differentially expressed between AC and SCC followed by logistic regression analysis. An objective 4‐protein classifier was generated to define likelihood of AC in a training set of 343 patients followed by validation in 2 independent cohorts (n = 197 and n = 235). The assay was then tested on 11 cytology specimens.

RESULTS:

Statistical modeling selected thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), CK5, CK13, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to generate a weighted classifier and to identify the optimal cutpoint for differentiating AC from SCC. Using the pathologist's final diagnosis as the criterion standard, the molecular test showed a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 93%. Blinded analysis of the validation sets yielded sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 97%, respectively. Our assay classified the cytology specimens with a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 87.5%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Molecular classification of NSCLC using an objective quantitative test can be highly accurate and could be translated into a diagnostic platform for broad clinical application. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Pretreatment fertility counseling and fertility preservation improve quality of life in reproductive age women with cancer
Authors: Letourneau Joseph M. , Ebbel Erin E. , Katz Patricia P. , Katz Audra , Ai Wei Z. , Chien A. Jo , Melisko Michelle E. , Cedars Marcelle I. , Rosen Mitchell P.
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:

The post‐treatment quality of life (QOL) impacts of receiving precancer‐treatment infertility counseling and of pursuing fertility preservation have not been described in large‐scale studies of reproductive age women with cancer.

METHODS:

In total, 1041 women who were diagnosed between ages 18 and 40 years responded to a retrospective survey and reported whether they received infertility counseling before cancer treatment and whether they took action to preserve fertility. Five cancer types were included: leukemia, Hodgkin disease, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, and gastrointestinal cancer. Validated QOL scales were used: the Decision Regret Score, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the brief World Health Organization QOL questionnaire.

RESULTS:

Overall, 560 women (61%) who received treatment that potentially could affect fertility were counseled by the oncology team, 45 (5%) were counseled by fertility specialists, and 36 (4%) took action to preserve fertility. Pretreatment infertility counseling by a fertility specialist and an oncologist resulted in lower regret than counseling by an oncologist alone (8.4 vs 11.0; P < .0001). The addition of fertility preservation (6.6 vs 11.0; P < .0001) also was associated with even lower regret scores than counseling by an oncologist alone. Further improvements also were observed in SWLS scores with the addition of fertility specialist counseling (23.0 vs 19.8; P = .09) or preserving fertility (24.0 vs 19.0; P = .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Receiving specialized counseling about reproductive loss and pursuing fertility preservation is associated with less regret and greater QOL for survivors, yet few patients are exposed to this potential benefit. Women of reproductive age should have expert counseling and should be given the opportunity to make active decisions about preserving fertility. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.