bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for14C Dating the Oxtotitlán Cave Paintings, Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Russ Jon , Pohl Mary D. , von Nagy Christopher L. , Steelman Karen L. , Hurst Heather , Ashby Leonard , Schmidt Paul , Padilla Gutiérrez Eliseo F. , Rowe Marvin W.
Published: April 2017

Oxtotitlán Cave paintings have been considered among the earliest in Mesoamerica on stylistic grounds, but confirmation of this hypothesis through absolute dating has not been attempted until now. We describe the application of advanced radiocarbon strategies developed for situations such as caves with high carbon backgrounds. Using a low-temperature plasma oxidation system, we dated both the ancient paint and the biogenic rock coatings that cover the paint layers at Oxtotitlán. Our research has significantly expanded the time frame for the production of polychrome rock paintings encompassing the Early Formative and Late Formative/Early Classic periods, statistically spanning a long era from before ca. 1500 cal B.C. to cal A.D. 600.
Unsteadily manipulating internal flow barriers
Authors: Balasuriya Sanjeeva
Published: April 2017

Typical flows contain internal flow barriers: specialised time-moving Lagrangian entities which demarcate distinct motions. Examples include the boundary between an oceanic eddy and a nearby jet, the edge of the Antarctic circumpolar vortex or the interface between two fluids which are to be mixed together in an microfluidic assay. The ability to control the locations of these barriers in a user-specified time-varying (unsteady) way can profoundly impact fluid transport between the coherent structures which are separated by the barriers. A condition on the unsteady Eulerian velocity required to achieve this objective is explicitly derived, thereby solving an ‘inverse Lagrangian coherent structure’ problem. This is an important first step in developing flow-barrier control in realistic flows, and in providing a postprocessing tool for observational/experimental velocity data. The excellent accuracy of the method is demonstrated using the Kelvin–Stuart cats-eyes flow and the unsteady double gyre, utilising finite-time Lyapunov exponents.
Performance and mechanism of sinusoidal leading edge serrations for the reduction of turbulence–aerofoil interaction noise
Authors: Chaitanya P. , Joseph P. , Narayanan S. , Vanderwel C. , Turner J. , Kim J. W. , Ganapathisubramani B.
Published: April 2017

This paper presents the results of a detailed experimental investigation into the effectiveness of sinusoidal leading edge serrations on aerofoils for the reduction of the noise generated by the interaction with turbulent flow. A detailed parametric study is performed to investigate the sensitivity of the noise reductions to the serration amplitude and wavelength. The study is primarily performed on flat plates in an idealized turbulent flow, which we demonstrate captures the same behaviour as when identical serrations are introduced onto three-dimensional aerofoils. The influence on the noise reduction of the turbulence integral length scale is also studied. An optimum serration wavelength is identified whereby maximum noise reductions are obtained, corresponding to when the transverse integral length scale is approximately one-fourth the serration wavelength. This paper proves that, at the optimum serration wavelength, adjacent valley sources are excited incoherently. One of the most important findings of this paper is that, at the optimum serration wavelength, the sound power radiation from the serrated aerofoil varies inversely proportional to the Strouhal number $St_{h}=fh/U$, where $f$, $h$ and $U$ are frequency, serration amplitude and flow speed, respectively. A simple model is proposed to explain this behaviour. Noise reductions are observed to generally increase with increasing frequency until the frequency at which aerofoil self-noise dominates the interaction noise. Leading edge serrations are also shown to reduce aerofoil self-noise. The mechanism for this phenomenon is explored through particle image velocimetry measurements. Finally, the lift and drag of the serrated aerofoil are obtained through direct measurement and compared against the straight edge baseline aerofoil. It is shown that aerodynamic performance is not substantially degraded by the introduction of the leading edge serrations on the aerofoil.
Effect of isolated roughness element height on high-speed laminar–turbulent transition
Authors: Estruch-Samper David , Hillier Richard , Vanstone Leon , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram
Published: April 2017

Understanding of the roughness-induced laminar–turbulent transition of supersonic and hypersonic flows is partly challenged by the intricate sensitivities presented by different correlation criteria. We investigate experimentally the effect of height for an isolated roughness element of quadrilateral planform. Heat transfer measurements document the enhancement of roughness-induced disturbances – here the associated heat flux perturbation – along a downstream axisymmetric laminar separation. With increasing element height $k$, a gradual intensification in wake disturbance levels is found for subcritical elements ($k/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{k}<0.15$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{k}$ is the undisturbed boundary layer thickness) while elements taller than the effective condition ($k/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{k}\geqslant 0.32$) bypass the more moderate transition mechanisms to produce a fully turbulent element wake. Results exhibit high sensitivity to flow properties at roughness height between critical and effective conditions. A reduction in wake disturbance levels with increasing height is documented within $0.23\leqslant k/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{k}\leqslant 0.32$. This effect coincides with a decrease in kinematic viscosity at roughness height $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}_{k}$ (as Mach number at height $M_{k}$ increases from 1.52 to 1.96) and is restricted to elements with strong local separation, whereby the influence of local shear effects is enhanced.
Capillary rise of non-aqueous liquids in cellulose sponges
Authors: Kim Jungchul , Ha Jonghyun , Kim Ho-Young
Published: April 2017

A cellulose sponge is a mundane porous medium composed of numerous microporous cellulose sheets surrounding macroscale voids. Here, we quantify the capillary rise dynamics of non-aqueous liquids in a sponge using a combination of experiment and theory. Although the classical law of Washburn is obeyed in the early stages, the wet front propagation is no longer diffusive in the late stages and follows a power law, $h\sim t^{1/4}$, with $h$ and $t$ being the capillary rise height and time respectively. The transition of the power law is a consequence of the peculiar heterogeneous pore structure of cellulose sponges. The permeability and driving pressure change at the rise height above which the macro voids can no longer be filled completely due to significant effects of gravity. We rationalize the $t^{1/4}$ law by considering liquid flows along the corners of macro voids driven by capillary pressure of microscale wall pores.
Asymptotic results for the multiple scan statistic
Authors: Boutsikas M. V. , Koutras M. V. , Milienos F. S.
Published: April 2017

The contribution of the theory of scan statistics to the study of many real-life applications has been rapidly expanding during the last decades. The multiple scan statistic, defined on a sequence of n Bernoulli trials, enumerates the number of occurrences of k consecutive trials which contain at least r successes among them (r≤k≤n). In this paper we establish some asymptotic results for the distribution of the multiple scan statistic, as n,k,r→∞ and illustrate their accuracy through a simulation study. Our approach is based on an appropriate combination of compound Poisson approximation and random walk theory.
On occupation times of the first and third quadrants for planar Brownian motion
Authors: Ernst Philip A. , Shepp Larry
Published: April 2017

In Bingham and Doney (1988) the authors presented the applied probability community with a question which is very simply stated, yet is extremely difficult to solve: what is the distribution of the quadrant occupation time of planar Brownian motion? In this paper we study an alternate formulation of this long-standing open problem: let X(t), Y(t) t≥0, be standard Brownian motions starting at x, y, respectively. Find the distribution of the total time T=Leb{t∈[0,1]: X(t)×Y(t)>0}, when x=y=0, i.e. the occupation time of the union of the first and third quadrants. If two adjacent quadrants are used, the problem becomes much easier and the distribution of T follows the arcsine law.
Local limits of Galton–Watson trees conditioned on the number of protected nodes
Authors: Abraham Romain , Bouaziz Aymen , Delmas Jean-François
Published: April 2017

We consider a marking procedure of the vertices of a tree where each vertex is marked independently from the others with a probability that depends only on its out-degree. We prove that a critical Galton–Watson tree conditioned on having a large number of marked vertices converges in distribution to the associated size-biased tree. We then apply this result to give the limit in distribution of a critical Galton–Watson tree conditioned on having a large number of protected nodes.
Large deviations of means of heavy-tailed random variables with finite moments of all orders
Authors: Lehtomaa Jaakko
Published: April 2017

Logarithmic asymptotics of the mean process {Sn∕n} are investigated in the presence of heavy-tailed increments. As a consequence, a full large deviations principle for means is obtained when the hazard function of an increment is regularly varying with index α∈(0,1). This class includes all stretched exponential distributions. Thus, the previous research of Gantert et al. (2014) is extended. Furthermore, the presented proofs are more transparent than the techniques used by Nagaev (1979). In addition, the novel approach is compatible with other common classes of distributions, e.g. those of lognormal type.
Stochastic comparisons of interfailure times under a relevation replacement policy
Authors: Sordo Miguel A. , Psarrakos Georgios
Published: April 2017

We provide some results for the comparison of the failure times and interfailure times of two systems based on a replacement policy proposed by Kapodistria and Psarrakos (2012). In particular, we show that when the first failure times are ordered in terms of the dispersive order (or, the excess wealth order), then the successive interfailure times are ordered in terms of the usual stochastic order (respectively, the increasing convex order). As a consequence, we provide comparison results for the cumulative residual entropies of the systems and their dynamic versions.
Nonuniversality of weighted random graphs with infinite variance degree
Authors: Baroni Enrico , van der Hofstad Remco , Komjáthy Júlia
Published: April 2017

We prove nonuniversality results for first-passage percolation on the configuration model with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) degrees having infinite variance. We focus on the weight of the optimal path between two uniform vertices. Depending on the properties of the weight distribution, we use an example-based approach and show that rather different behaviours are possible. When the weights are almost surely larger than a constant, the weight and number of edges in the graph grow proportionally to log logn, as for the graph distances. On the other hand, when the continuous-time branching process describing the first-passage percolation exploration through the graph reaches infinitely many vertices in finite time, the weight converges to the sum of two i.i.d. random variables representing the explosion times of the continuous-time processes started from the two sources. This nonuniversality is in sharp contrast to the setting where the degree sequence has a finite variance, Bhamidiet al.(2012).
From coin tossing to rock-paper-scissors and beyond: a log-exp gap theorem for selecting a leader
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Hwang Hsien-Kuei , Itoh Yoshiaki
Published: April 2017

A class of games for finding a leader among a group of candidates is studied in detail. This class covers games based on coin tossing and rock-paper-scissors as special cases and its complexity exhibits similar stochastic behaviors: either of logarithmic mean and bounded variance or of exponential mean and exponential variance. Many applications are also discussed.
Dynkin games with heterogeneous beliefs
Authors: Ekström Erik , Glover Kristoffer , Leniec Marta
Published: April 2017

We study zero-sum optimal stopping games (Dynkin games) between two players who disagree about the underlying model. In a Markovian setting, a verification result is established showing that if a pair of functions can be found that satisfies some natural conditions then a Nash equilibrium of stopping times is obtained, with the given functions as the corresponding value functions. In general, however, there is no uniqueness of Nash equilibria, and different equilibria give rise to different value functions. As an example, we provide a thorough study of the game version of the American call option under heterogeneous beliefs. Finally, we also study equilibria in randomized stopping times.
A reinsurance risk model with a threshold coverage policy: the Gerber–Shiu penalty function
Authors: Boxma Onno J. , Frostig Esther , Perry David
Published: April 2017

We consider a Cramér–Lundberg insurance risk process with the added feature of reinsurance. If an arriving claim finds the reserve below a certain threshold γ, or if it would bring the reserve below that level, then a reinsurer pays part of the claim. Using fluctuation theory and the theory of scale functions of spectrally negative Lévy processes, we derive expressions for the Laplace transform of the time to ruin and of the joint distribution of the deficit at ruin and the surplus before ruin. We specify these results in much more detail for the threshold set-up in the case of proportional reinsurance.
More Exploration and Less Exploitation: Cultivating Blockbuster Papers for MOR
Authors: Murmann Johann Peter
Published: April 2017

Let me invite you to travel in your mind to the year 2030. Imagine that you are one of the Senior Editors of MOR and have been asked by the Editor-in-Chief to write a short retrospective on the previous 15 years.
New constraints from zircon, monazite and uraninite dating on the commencement of sedimentation in the Cuddapah basin, India
Authors: SAHOO DEBIDARSANI , PRUSETH KAMAL LOCHAN , UPADHYAY DEWASHISH , RANJAN SAMEER , PAL DIPAK C. , BANERJEE RAHUL , GUPTA SHEKHAR
Published: April 2017

The Cuddapah basin in southern India, consisting of the Palnad, Srisailam, Kurnool and Papaghni sub-basins, contains unmetamorphosed and undeformed sediments deposited during a long span of time in the Proterozoic. In the absence of robust age constraints, there is considerable confusion regarding the relative timing of sedimentation in these sub-basins. In this study, U–Pb isotopic dating of zircon and U–Th–Pbtotaldating of monazite and uraninite from the gritty quartzite that supposedly belongs to the formation Banganapalle Quartzite have been used to constrain the beginning of sedimentation in the Palnad sub-basin. Magmatic and detrital zircons recording an age of 2.53 Ga indicate that the sediments were derived from the granitic basement or similar sources and were deposited after 2.53 Ga. Hydrothermally altered zircons both in the basement and the cover provide concordant ages of 2.32 and 2.12 Ga and date two major hydrothermal events. Thus, the gritty quartzite must have been deposited sometime between 2.53 and 2.12 Ga and represents the earliest sediments in the Cuddapah basin. Monazite and uraninite give a wide spectrum of ages between 2.5 Ga and 150 Ma, which indicates several pulses of hydrothermal activity over a considerable time span, both in the basement granite and the overlying quartzite. The new age constraints suggest that the gritty quartzite may be stratigraphically equivalent to the Gulcheru Quartzite that is the oldest unit in the Cuddapah basin, and that a sedimentary/erosional hiatus exists above it.
Disney's American Revolution
Authors: NEWMAN SIMON P.
Published: April 2017

This essay adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of Disney's representations of the American founding in television and movie productions as secondary works; that is, as works of historical interpretation. “The Liberty Story” (1957),Johnny Tremain(1957) andThe Swamp Fox(1959–60) are analysed in the context of contemporaraneous historiographical trends. The essay demonstrates that despite certain flaws and weaknesses, Disney's representations sometimes presented innovative themes and insightful interpretations, which at the height of the Cold War influenced popular understanding of the American founding and the society that it produced.
The Invention and Demonisation of an Ascetic Heresiarch: Philoxenus of Mabbug on the ‘Messalian’ Adelphius
Authors: LUNN-ROCKLIFFE SOPHIE
Published: April 2017

In a letter to the monk Patricius, Philoxenus told a cautionary tale about the downfall of the monk Adelphius. He was said to have accepted a Satanic vision of the Holy Spirit, abandoned ascetic labour and become the founder of the heresy of the ‘Messalians’. This article places Philoxenus’ account against the longer background of the invention of ‘Messaliainism’, and in particular of Adelphius as Messalian heresiarch. It shows how Philoxenus drew on traditions about monks receiving Satanic visions found in ascetic literature. It also demonstrates that Philoxenus’ story reflected polemical claims that the Messalians, like other heretics, were inspired by demons and Satan.
Numerical resolution of the global eigenvalue problem for the gyrokinetic-waterbag model in toroidal geometry
Authors: Coulette D. , Besse N.
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we present two codes for the linear stability analysis of the ion temperature gradient instability in toroidal geometry using a gyrokinetic multi-waterbag model for ion dynamics. The first one solves the linearized ion dynamics as an initial value problem, while the second relies on an asymptotic expansion in the so-called ballooning representation allowing us to build a tractable eigenvalue problem. Results from the two codes are presented and compared for equilibria based on modified Cyclone parameters. A good agreement between both codes is found for a class of equilibria with a narrow extent in perpendicular velocity and for which trapped particle orbits are ignored. The local spectrum computed by the eigenvalue is shown to agree remarkably well with previous Cyclone results when trapped particle orbits are included. Lastly we discuss how the equilibrium building procedure for this type of waterbag model requires particular care when dealing with closed equilibrium contours related to the presence of trapped particle orbits.
High-frequency plasma fluctuations in the middle magnetosheath and near its boundaries: Spektr-R observations
Authors: Rakhmanova Liudmila S. , Riazantseva M. O. , Zastenker G. N. , Yermolaev Yu. I.
Published: April 2017

We present a case study of the flank magnetosheath crossing by the Spektr-R satellite. High time resolution measurements of the ion flux value and its direction provided by the BMSW (Fast Solar Wind Monitor) instrument are examined at different distances from the magnetosheath boundaries – the bow shock and the magnetopause. The magnetosheath behind the quasi-perpendicular bow shock is analysed. The time resolution of these data – 31 ms – is sufficient for observing the frequency spectra of plasma fluctuations both at the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and ion kinetic scales. Generally, MHD scales are characterised by Kolmogorov-like spectra ${\sim}f^{-5/3}$ while spectra at kinetic scales are steeper with a break existing between the two scales. We examine evolution of spectral parameters such as power density and slopes, and the break frequency together with the evolution of properties of the probability distribution function. We find out that (i) power spectral densities of the two quantities change differently toward the magnetosheath (MSH) boundaries, (ii) the spectra slopes do not change significantly across the magnetosheath, (iii) the break frequency of the spectrum changes toward the magnetopause. In the middle MSH the spectra are affected by instabilities supposed to be ion cyclotron instabilities. We demonstrate that the plasma is low intermittent in the middle MSH and highly intermittent near its boundaries in the absence of large-scale variations.
Longitudinal effects of disaster-related experiences on mental health among Fukushima nuclear plant workers: The Fukushima NEWS Project Study
Authors: Ikeda A. , Tanigawa T. , Charvat H. , Wada H. , Shigemura J. , Kawachi I.
Published: April 2017

Background

The Fukushima Nuclear Energy Workers' Support (NEWS) Project Study previously showed that experiences related to the Fukushima nuclear disaster on 11 March 2011 had a great impact on psychological states, including post-traumatic stress response (PTSR) and general psychological distress (GPD), among the Fukushima nuclear plant workers. To determine the causal relationship between disaster-related experiences and levels of psychological states, we conducted a 3-year longitudinal study from 2011 to 2014.

Method

PTSR and GPD of the nuclear plant workers were assessed by annual questionnaires conducted from 2011 to 2014. The present study included a total of 1417 workers who provided an assessment at baseline (2011). A total of 4160 observations were used in the present analysis. The relationship between disaster-related experiences and psychological states over time was analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression models.

Results

A declining influence of disaster-related experiences on PTSR over time was found. However, the impact on PTSR remained significantly elevated even 3 years after the disaster in several categories of exposure including the experience of life-threatening danger, experiences of discrimination, the witnessing of plant explosion, the death of a colleague and home evacuation. The associations between GPD and disaster-related experiences showed similar effects.

Conclusions

The effects of disaster-related experiences on psychological states among the nuclear plant workers reduced over time, but remained significantly high even 3 years after the event.
The inner world of overactive monitoring: neural markers of interoception in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Yoris A. , García A. M. , Traiber L. , Santamaría-García H. , Martorell M. , Alifano F. , Kichic R. , Moser J. S. , Cetkovich M. , Manes F. , Ibáñez A. , Sedeño L.
Published: April 2017

Background

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients typically overmonitor their own behavior, as shown by symptoms of excessive doubt and checking. Although this is well established for the patients’ relationship with external stimuli in the environment, no study has explored their monitoring of internal body signals, a process known to be affected in anxiety-related syndromes. Here, we explored this issue through a cardiac interoception task that measures sensing of heartbeats. Our aim was to explore key behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of internal-cue monitoring in OCD, while examining their potential distinctiveness in this condition.

Method

We administered a heartbeat detection (HBD) task (with related interoceptive confidence and awareness measures) to three matched groups (OCD patients, panic disorder patients, healthy controls) and recorded ongoing modulations of two task-relevant electrophysiological markers: the heart evoked potential (HEP) and the motor potential (MP).

Results

Behaviorally, OCD patients outperformed controls and panic patients in the HBD task. Moreover, they exhibited greater amplitude modulation of both the HEP and the MP during cardiac interoception. However, they evinced poorer confidence and awareness of their interoceptive skills.

Conclusions

Convergent behavioral and electrophysiological data showed that overactive monitoring in OCD extends to the sensing of internal bodily signals. Moreover, this pattern discriminated OCD from panic patients, suggesting a condition-distinctive alteration. Our results highlight the potential of exploring interoceptive processes in the OCD spectrum to better characterize the population's cognitive profile. Finally, these findings may lay new bridges between somatic theories of emotion and cognitive models of OCD.
An international multi-site, randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation group programme for people with schizophrenia
Authors: Chien W. T. , Bressington D. , Yip A. , Karatzias T.
Published: April 2017

Background

We aimed to test a mindfulness-based psychoeducation group (MBPEG), v. a conventional psychoeducation group (CPEG) v. treatment as usual (TAU), in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders over a 24-month follow-up.

Method

This single-blind, multi-site, pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted in six community treatment facilities across three countries (Hong Kong, mainland China and Taiwan). Patients were randomly allocated to one of the treatment conditions, and underwent 6 months of treatment. The primary outcomes were changes in duration of re-hospitalizations and mental state (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PANSS) between baseline and 1 week, and 6, 12 and 18 months post-treatment.

Results

A total of 300 patients in each country were assessed for eligibility between October 2013 and 30 April 2014, 38 patients per country (n = 342) were assigned to each treatment group and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There was a significant difference in the length of re-hospitalizations between the three groups over 24 months (F2,330 = 5.23, p = 0.005), with MBPEG participants having a shorter mean duration of re-hospitalizations than those in the other groups. The MBPEG and CPEG participants had significant differential changes in proportional odds ratios of complete remission (all individual PANSS items <3) over the 24-month follow-up (37 and 26%, respectively), as opposed to only 7.2% of the TAU group (χ2 = 8.9 and 8.0, p = 0.001 and 0.003, relative risk = 3.5 and 3.1, 95% confidence interval 2.0–7.2 and 1.6–6.3).

Conclusions

Compared with TAU and CPEG, MBPEG improves remission and hospitalization rates of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders over 24 months.
Social Impact Bonds: The Role of Private Capital in Outcome-Based Commissioning
Authors: EDMISTON DANIEL , NICHOLLS ALEX
Published: April 2017

Social impact bonds are payment by results contracts that leverage private social investment to cover the up-front expenditure associated with welfare services. The introduction of private principles and actors through outcome-based commissioning has received a great deal of attention in social policy research. However, there has been much less attention given to the introduction of private capital and its relation to more established forms of quasi-marketisation. This paper examines what effect private social investment has on outcome-based commissioning and whether the alternative forms of performance measurement and management, that social impact bonds bring to bear on service operations, demonstrate the capacity to engender: innovation in service delivery; improved social outcomes; future cost savings; and additionality. This paper draws on an in-depth study of four social impact bonds in the UK context, asthewelfare regime at the vanguard of this policy development. The findings suggest that the introduction of private capital in outcome-based commissioning has had a number of unique and unintended effects on service providers, operations and outcomes. The paper concludes by considering whether social impact bonds represent a risk or an opportunity for public service reform both in the UK and further afield.
ON SUMS OF INDEPENDENT GENERALIZED PARETO RANDOM VARIABLES WITH APPLICATIONS TO INSURANCE AND CAT BONDS
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Zhang Yuanyuan , Pogány Tibor K.
Published: April 2017

We derive single integral representations for the exact distribution of the sum of independent generalized Pareto random variables. The integrands involve the incomplete and complementary incomplete gamma functions. Applications to insurance and catastrophe bonds are described.
A SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF THE POSTCLASSIC LOWLAND MAYA OBSIDIAN PROJECTILE INDUSTRY
Authors: Meissner Nathan J.
Published: April 2017

This study addresses the role of prehistoric ethnopolitical divisions, factionalism, and alliances in macroregional economic models. The Mesoamerican Late Postclassic period (a.d.1350–1525) is characterized by its “cosmopolitan” economy featuring long distance exchange of raw materials and finished products. Such characterizations are examined through a provenance analysis of small obsidian projectile points from the Maya lowlands of Guatemala, Mexico, Belize, and Honduras. Obsidian artifacts are analyzed using portable x-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and social network analysis (SNA) methods, revealing at least four sub-networks of point procurement that belonged to nine different ethnopolitical divisions. Local production of points is approached using a novel method of two-mode analysis, demonstrating in some cases that the sources of local obsidian debitage and debris did not coincide with the sources of finished point assemblages. Such information reveals the intricacies of Maya exchange and stresses the importance of local political geography during the Late Postclassic.
Contrasting Histories in Early Bronze Age Aegean: Uniformity, Regionalism and the Resilience of Societies in the Northeast Peloponnese and Central Crete
Authors: Weiberg Erika
Published: April 2017

Late Early Bronze Age (EB IIB–III, 2500–2000 bc) evidence from the northeast Peloponnese and central Crete present two coeval sequences of events with very different societal outcomes. By drawing on resilience theory and the model of adaptive cycles, this article explores when and why the paths of mainland Greece and Crete diverged around 2200 bc, leading to an eventually destabilizing change on the mainland and a more sustainable one on Crete. It is argued that the two EB II societal structures were more similar than current discourse generally allows. However, during some hundred years leading up to the end of the EB II period, an increased societal uniformity and a decrease of social arenas on northeast Peloponnese may in the end have circumscribed the Early Helladic communities’ room to manoeuvre. Conversely, through strong regionalism and greater multiplicity of social arenas, Early Minoan societies seem to have retained a greater level of socio-economic variability that enabled proactiveness and sustained expansion through ideological change.
Morphological three-dimensional analysis of papillary muscles in borderline left ventricles
Authors: Velasco Forte Mari N. , Nassar Mohamed , Byrne Nick , Silva Vieira Miguel , Pérez Israel V. , Ruijsink Bram , Simpson John , Hussain Tarique
Published: April 2017

Objective

Mitral valve anatomy has a significant impact on potential surgical options for patients with hypoplastic or borderline left ventricle. Papillary muscle morphology is a major component regarding this aspect. The purpose of this study was to use cardiac magnetic resonance to describe the differences in papillary muscle anatomy between normal, borderline, and hypoplastic left ventricles.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective, observational cardiac magnetic resonance study of children (median age 5.36 years) with normal (n=30), borderline (n=22), or hypoplastic (n=13) left ventricles. Borderline and hypoplastic cases had undergone an initial hybrid procedure. Morphological features of the papillary muscles, location, and arrangement were analysed and compared across groups.

Results

All normal ventricles had two papillary muscles with narrow pedicles; however, 18% of borderline and 46% of hypoplastic cases had a single papillary muscle, usually the inferomedial type. In addition, in borderline or hypoplastic ventricles, the supporting pedicle occasionally displayed a wide insertion along the ventricular wall. The length ratio of the superolateral support was significantly different between groups (normal: 0.46±0.08; borderline: 0.39±0.07; hypoplastic: 0.36±0.1; p=0.009). No significant difference, however, was found when analysing the inferomedial type (0.42±0.09; 0.38±0.07; 0.39±0.22, p=0.39). The angle subtended between supports was also similar among groups (113°±17°; 111°±51° and 114°±57°; p=0.99). A total of eight children with borderline left ventricle underwent biventricular repair. There were no significant differentiating features for papillary muscle morphology in this subgroup.

Conclusions

The superolateral support can be shorter or absent in borderline or hypoplastic left ventricle cases. The papillary muscle pedicles in these patients often show a broad insertion. These changes have important implications on surgical options and should be described routinely.
FácilorA piece of cake: Does variability in bilingual language brokering experience affect idiom comprehension?
Authors: LÓPEZ BELEM G. , VAID JYOTSNA
Published: April 2017

Compared to studies of the effects of formal training in translation, little is known about the psycholinguistic impact of the experience of informal translation, or language brokering. The present study examined this issue in the context of idiom comprehension. Bilingual adults differing in prior brokering experience read English idioms and judged whether target words presented in English or Spanish were related to the idiom's meaning. For brokers, relatedness judgments were not affected by whether the targets were in the same or different language as the idiom; however, non-brokers were faster for same-language than different-language idiom-target pairings. The findings suggest that language brokering experience facilitates idiom meaning comprehension even across language boundaries, with further differences related to idiom decomposability. More generally, the findings underscore the importance of considering systematic sources of variability in language practice among bilinguals, aside from differences related to proficiency, in theorizing effects associated with bilingualism.
Political institutions, lobbying and corruption
Authors: CAMPOS NAURO F. , GIOVANNONI FRANCESCO
Published: April 2017

Although firms use various strategies to try to influence government policy, with lobbying and corruption chiefly among them, and political institutions play an important role in determining policy choices, very little research has been devoted to these topics. This paper tries to fill this gap. Using cross-country enterprise-level data, it investigates (1) the effect of a key political institution, namely electoral rules, on the probability that a firm engages in lobbying activities and (2) the impact of lobbying on influence, accounting for corruption and political institutions. The main conclusion is that lobbying is a significantly more effective way of generating political influence than corruption, and that electoral rules are a key mediating political institution. Our baseline estimate is that the probability of influencing government policy is 16% higher for firms that are members of lobbying groups than for those firms that are not.
Abstinenz nach stationärer qualifizierter Entzugsbehandlung für Alkoholabhängige
Authors: Anuschka Agarwalla Puspa , Koss Almut , Küchenhoff Joachim
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Ziel der Studie war, die Rückfallquote nach einer in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit entwickelten qualifizierten Entzugsbehandlung (QE) für alkoholabhängige Patienten zu evaluieren und Risikofaktoren für einen Rückfall zu ermitteln. Methoden: In dieser naturalistischen Studie wurden alle Patienten zu Beginn und am Ende der QE sowie innerhalb eines Jahres nach Abschluss der Behandlung zu einem klinischen Interview eingeladen. Außerdem wurden die elektronischen Patientenakten (EPA) auf für die Datenanalyse relevante Variablen für die Prädiktion eines Rückfalls analysiert. Ergebnisse: Der Anteil von Behandlungsabbrüchen (6.67 %) war niedrig. Die Rückfallquote innerhalb eines Referenzzeitfensters von 2 Jahren nach der QE betrug 56.67 %. Die Vermittlungsrate in Langzeittherapien betrug 26.67 %. Es ließen sich Risikofaktoren für einen Rückfall identifizieren, wie z. B. die Anzahl vorgängiger Entzüge und die Dauer der Alkoholabhängigkeit. Zudem war insbesondere eine hohe psychosoziale Belastung ein signifikanter Prädiktor. Fazit: Das neu entwickelte Behandlungsprogramm für eine QE führt zu vergleichbar hohen Rückfallquoten wie in anderen Studien. Die psychosoziale Situation alkoholabhängiger Patienten sollte sorgfältig überprüft werden, um die therapeutischen Strategien entsprechend anzupassen.
Zusammenhang zwischen sportlicher Aktivität und alkoholbezo- genen Störungen bei Studierenden
Authors: Göring Arne , Jetzke Malte , Rudolph Sabrina
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund und Ziel: Gegenüber dem Bevölkerungsdurchschnitt liegen die Prävalenzraten alkoholbezogener Störungen von Studierenden deutlich über dem Durchschnitt der nichtstudentischen Bevölkerung. Bislang existieren in Deutschland keine Studien zur Frage, welchen Einfluss sportliche Aktivitäten auf die Ausprägung alkoholbezogener Störungen bei Studierenden besitzen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht diesen Zusammenhang bei Studierenden einer deutschen Volluniversität. Methodik: Im Rahmen einer repräsentativen Onlinestudie wurden 1383 Studierende einer deutschen Universität zu ihrem Alkoholkonsum, den damit verbundenen sozialen Folgen und ihren sportlichen Aktivitäten befragt. Als Instrument kam der 27 Items umfassende Young Adult Alcohol Problems Screening Test sowie ein Erhebungsverfahren zur Erfassung der habituellen sportlichen Aktivität zum Einsatz. Ergebnisse: Studierende, die regelmäßig und intensiv sportlich aktiv sind, weisen eine höhere Screeningrate für alkoholbezogene Störungen auf als Studierende, die gar nicht oder nur unregelmäßig aktiv sind. Dieser Zusammenhang gilt insbesondere für Mannschaftssportarten, aber auch für Fitnessaktivitäten. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse der Studie bestätigen amerikanische Forschungsbeiträge, die sportliche Aktivitäten bei Studierenden als einen Treiber für den Alkoholkonsum identifizieren. Sportorganisationen im Umfeld von Hochschulen sollten in der Alkoholprävention an Hochschulen zukünftig eine größere Berücksichtigung finden.
Neuere Konzepte in Diagnostik und Therapie schizophrener Störungen
Authors: Vauth Roland , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Behandlung schizophrener Störungen ist immer noch eine grosse Herausforderung, die die akute Behandlung, die Langzeitbehandlung als auch die Früherkennung betrifft. Neue Ansätze in der Diagnostik und Therapie können helfen, den Verlauf positiv zu beeinflussen.
Diagnostik bei Schizophrenie
Authors: Maß Reinhard , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten deutschsprachigen diagnostischen Instrumente gegeben, die zur Verwendung bei Schizophrenie geeignet sind. Die Verfahren werden, je nach Fragestellung, in unterschiedlichen Krankheitsphasen eingesetzt. Neben klinischen Interviews zur klassifikatorischen Diagnostik werden Fremd- und Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren zur Dokumentation psychopathologischer Symptome dargestellt. Die beschriebenen Verfahren berücksichtigen sowohl psychotische Phänomene i.e.S. (Wahn, Halluzination) als auch Lebensqualität, Krankheitseinsicht und soziale Folgen der Erkrankung.
Behandlungsassistenz durch elektronische Medien in der Schizophrenieversorgung
Authors: Surmann Marian , Lencer Rebekka
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Der Einsatz elektronischer Medien und Geräte im Gesundheitssektor, auch eHealth genannt, boomt. Auch in der psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Versorgung werden zunehmend eHealth Anwendungen eingesetzt, die unter dem Überbegriff eMentalHealth zusammengefasst werden. Trotz nachgewiesener Effektivität von eHealth Anwendungen bezüglich Symptomreduktion in den Bereichen der Depressions-, Angst- und Suchtbehandlung bestehen noch einige Bedenken, ob eHealth Anwendungen auch bei Patienten mit psychotischen Erkrankungen eingesetzt werden können, da die Bedienung solcher Anwendungen aufgrund der Symptomatik (z.B. kognitive Defizite) nicht verlässlich genug sein könnte. Entgegen dieser Bedenken gibt es einige vielversprechende Projekte, die speziell für Patienten mit psychotischen Erkrankungen entwickelt wurden. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags stellen wir das Spektrum der Anwendungsbereiche anhand von vier Beispielen vor. Die Smartphone-Applikation FOCUS zielt auf die Stärkung des Selbstmanagements von Krankheitsymptomen, ITAREPS stellt eine Form der Rezidivprophylaxe dar, PsyLog soll die Kommunikation über Nebenwirkungen zwischen Patient und Behandler fördern und vor allem Medikamentennebenwirkungen erfassen und die Avatar Therapie konzentriert sich auf die spezifische Behandlung von chronischem Stimmenhören. Erste Studien zeigen, dass eMentalHealth Anwendungen auch von Patienten mit einer psychotischen Erkrankung ohne Probleme bedienbar sind und die Akzeptanz auf Seiten der Patienten hoch ist. In Zukunft wird es darum gehen, eMentalHealth Anwendungen für Patienten mit psychotischen Erkrankungen auf ihre Effektivität zu untersuchen und Probleme der Implementierung (z.B. Übernahme der Kosten von Seiten der Krankenkasse) zu lösen.
Interkulturelle Kompetenz in der Lehrer / innenbildung
Authors: Zenker Nasibe
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Der vorliegende Text präzisiert die Forderung nach interkultureller Kompetenz in der Lehrer / innenbildung. Des Weiteren wird ein Seminarkonzept vorgestellt, das in der ersten praktischen Phase des Lehramtsstudiums den Studierenden einen Einstieg zum Erwerb interkultureller Kompetenz unter Einbeziehung des Forschenden Lernens ermöglicht.
Marktplatz – eine Möglichkeit des forschenden Lernens für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer
Authors: Schlicht Juliana , Klauser Fritz
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Auf den ersten Blick hat Pflegepädagogik wenig zu tun mit einem Marktplatz. Wird die Pflegepädagogik jedoch nach den Grundsätzen forschenden Lernens ausgestaltet, eröffnet die Marktplatzmetapher auf den zweiten Blick vielfältige Möglichkeiten für eine praxisnahe Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern im Pflege- und Gesundheitsbereich. Das wird im vorliegenden Beitrag skizziert, und zwar an Beispielen aus der Ökonomie, die strukturell auf den Pflege- und Gesundheitsbereich übertragbar sind.
Vom Forschenden Lernen zum Forschenden Lehren
Authors: Mester Sandra
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Das Forschende Lernen kann als Leitprinzip und hochschuldidaktischer Ansatz zur Förderung von beruflicher Handlungskompetenz angehender Lehrender verstanden werden. Praxisphasen im Lehramtsstudium bieten sich an, um die Entwicklung vom forschenden Lernenden zum forschenden, reflektierten Lehrenden anzubahnen. Am Beispiel der Begleitung schulischer Praxisphasen in den Studiengängen für das Lehramt an Berufskollegs in der beruflichen Fachrichtung „Gesundheitswissenschaft / Pflege“ am Institut für Berufliche Lehrerbildung der Fachhochschule Münster zeigt dieser Artikel, wie Forschendes Lernen in der Hochschullehre zielgerichtet eingesetzt werden kann.
Bundesländerspezifische Regelungen für die hauptberufliche Lehrtätigkeit an Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegeschulen in Deutschland – eine Ist-Analyse
Authors: Wesselborg Bärbel , Bögemann-Großheim Ellen
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Bei der staatlichen Anerkennung der Pflegeschulen werden in den Ausbildungsgesetzen auch Qualifikationsanforderungen an die hauptamtlich Lehrenden formuliert. Diese können durch die einzelnen Bundesländer präzisiert oder auch erweitert werden. Bisher fehlt eine systematische Übersicht, die ausweist, welche Qualifikationen die Länder fordern. In der dargestellten Studie wurden die Voraussetzungen bei den zuständigen Ministerien erfragt und analysiert.
Nutzen Erkenntnisse aus der Hirnforschung der Pflegepädagogik?
Authors: Fehling Patrick
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Anzahl einschlägiger Publikationen zu möglichen Bereicherung der Pädagogik um die Durchbrüche der Hirnforschung nahm in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich zu. Die Hirnforschung allein kann sicherlich keine neue Pädagogik begründen, aber doch dazu beitragen, empirisch besser fundierte pädagogische Konzepte zu entwickeln. Neurowissenschaftlich ist es bereits heute möglich, die menschliche Lernleistung in ihrem Prozess zu beschreiben, ihre Potenziale und die sie umgebenden Hürden aufzuzeigen.
Patienteninformations-Broschüren in Leichter Sprache
Authors: Boll Alexandra
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Es gibt zahlreiche Menschen, die beim Lesen und Verstehen von Texten Probleme haben. Ihnen bleibt der Zugang zu wichtigen Informationen zu den Themen Gesundheit und Krankheit verwehrt. Mit diesem Beitrag soll ein Impuls gegeben werden, sich mit dem Konzept Leichte Sprache zu beschäftigen.
Suicide Risk Assessment in Adolescents – C-SSRS, K10, and READ
Authors: Jakobsen Ida Skytte , Larsen Kim Juul , Horwood John L.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Background: Assessment and screening are often the first step in planning interventions to help adolescents at risk of suicide. Causes of suicidal thoughts and behavior are multifaceted and it is important for clinical work that assessment reflects this complexity. Aims: To investigate whether a general psychological Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) is associated with a validated suicide rating scale (C-SSRS). Method: An observational study of self-reported suicidality (C-SSRS), psychological distress (K10), and resiliency (READ) in three adolescent samples: suicide clinic (N = 147); general psychiatric clinic (N = 85); and a nonclinical sample (N = 92). Results: Resiliency scores were significantly higher (p < .05) in the nonclinical compared with the clinic samples on all READ scales. READ scores were similar in the two clinic samples apart from the family cohesion subscale, which was significantly lower in the suicide clinic sample. READ was predictive of levels of suicidality within all samples independently of general psychological distress (K10). Limitations: The study did not examine other early childhood factors that may contribute to individual resiliency or suicidality. Conclusion: READ provides a reliable and valid assessment of individual resilience for both clinical and nonclinical settings. Evaluation of protective resources is a useful adjunct to the assessment and treatment of suicidal behavior.
Volcanic Ash Particles Hold Clues to Their History and Effects
Authors: Hoshyaripour Gholam
Published: April 2017

Volcanic Ash as an Active Agent in the Earth System (VA3): Combining Models and Experiments; Hamburg, Germany, 12–13 September 2016
Incoming Editor Seeks Interdisciplinary, Collaborative Research
Authors: Liu Jamie
Published: April 2017

Martyn Clark, incoming editor in chief for Water Resources Research, foresees interdisciplinary and collaborative hydrology research, increased article impact, and an improved article review process.
How the Deep, Cold Currents of the Labrador Sea Affect Climate
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: April 2017

Seventeen years of ocean current data link global atmospheric and oceanic circulation.