bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una visión fenomenológica de la ontología del cinematógrafo
Authors: Hoyos Morales Alfonso
Published: January 2020

El siguiente trabajo se propone encontrar conexiones entre cierto tipo de cineastas y la propuesta ontológica de la fenomenología. La aparición del cine otorgaría una nueva dimensión al arte, la captación mecánica de la realidad física, así como un lenguaje propio (el montaje, el encuadre, etc). Estos dos elementos constituirían una dialéctica que no sería sino la expresión de un dualismo metafísico ancestral: la preponderancia o bien de lo subjetivo o bien de lo objetivo. A través del estudio de autores realistas como Kracauer o Bazin procuraremos matizar su visión con la perspectiva fenomenológica o de inspiración fenomenológica de autores (tanto filósofos como cineastas o teóricos del cine) como Merleau Ponty, Robert Bresson y Nathaniel Dorsky, entre otros. Estos, asumiendo la característica propia del cine, a saber, su íntimo contacto con la realidad física, consideran que la verdadera expresión de ésta requiere de una mejor comprensión del lenguaje cinematográfico y su aspecto formal. Así, entienden este lenguaje no como herramientas abstractas, sino como una escritura que nace de la propia materia de su medio.

This paper tries to find connections between some kind of filmmakers and the ontology of phenomenology. The birth of cinema brought a new dimension to art: the mechanic capture of physical reality, as well as a new language. These two elements brought a dialectic that is similar to an ancestral metaphysical dualism: the preponderance of, either the objective either the subjective. Through the study of some realistic author as Kracauer or Bazin we will try to qualify their vision with the phenomenological perspective of some authors (philosophers as well as filmmakers and film theorists) as Merleau-Ponty, Robert Bresson and Nathaniel Dorsky and others. They consider, assuming the inner essence of cinema as an intimate contact with physical reality, that the true expresión of this requires a better comprehension of cinematographic language and it’s formal aspect. Thereby, they understand this language not as abstracts tools, but as a writing that is born from the materiality of it’s medium.
Regards de chercheurs-conseillers pédagogiques sur les interactions en contexte de résolution de problèmes mathématiques en classe
Authors: Bednarz Nadine , Maheux Jean-François , Bacon Lily , Saboya Mireille , Lajoie Caroline , Thibault Mathieu
Published: January 2020

La résolution de problèmes constitue, au Québec et ailleurs dans le monde, une composante clé de l’enseignement des mathématiques, et les interactions sociales y jouent un rôle important. Pour que s’exercent des interactions riches et favorables à l’apprentissage des élèves, il faut considérer le pilotage du problème par l’enseignant ou l’enseignante. Or les expériences des conseillers et conseillères pédagogiques (CP) en mathématiques – lesquels informent, soutiennent et accompagnent le personnel enseignant – montrent que ce pilotage ne va pas de soi, en particulier en ce qui concerne les relances mises en oeuvre par l’enseignant ou l’enseignante dans le feu de l’action. Une recherche collaborative menée pendant trois ans avec huit CP en mathématiques au primaire a permis d’investiguer davantage ces relances. L’analyse des transcriptions des rencontres réflexives met en évidence une problématisation des pratiques de relances conduites par les enseignants et les enseignantes dans le feu de l’action, et en montre la complexité au regard de différents cas de figure. L’analyse souligne également l’ancrage du travail de relance sur une tâche préalable d’anticipation. Les pistes d’action qui se dégagent de l’analyse font par ailleurs ressortir une certaine culture mathématique de classe en lien avec ces relances et leur anticipation.
La conservación de la naturaleza en las relaciones Norte-Sur: el pago por los servicios ecosistémicos
Authors: Lorenzo Cristian , Bueno María del Pilar
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes the trajectories of payment for ecosystem services (PES) from the 1990s to the present, with an emphasis on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It is concluded that these trajectories were configuring a strategy for nature conservation within the framework of North-South relations within the international system. It emerged in academic-scientific institutions in the United States, and was subsequently projected at the multilateral level through the Global Millennium Ecosystem Report, published in 2005. In Latin America and the Caribbean, a technical and political discussion developed on the possibility of measuring nature and assigning it an economic value, and cases were implemented that legitimized the PES proposal with external financing.
Nombre, linaje, parientes: usos y sentidos de las categorías de parentesco entre las personas que buscan sus orígenes en Argentina
Authors: Gesteira Soledad
Published: January 2020

Based on research conducted between 2010 and 2016 with activists seeking their origins in Argentina, this article analyzes the meanings and uses they make of their first and last names, and the ways in which they refer to their foster families. In this respect, it seeks to contribute to anthropological debates on the nomenclature of kinship, parentage, and connectivity relations. The hypothesis of this article maintains that the modification of the name or surname can be conceptualized as a rectifying practice tending to the affirmation of the agency itself with respect to the construction of personal identity. Although this de-registration of lineage by using alternative names or surnames does not materialize in personal documents, it affects other spheres of social life, in which these people are recognized by the new names.
Morphoscopic ancestry estimates in Filipino crania using multivariate probit regression models
Authors: Go Matthew C. , Hefner Joseph T.
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Probit has not been applied to ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology. The goals of this study were to: (1) evaluate the performance of probit analysis as a classification tool for ancestry estimation using ordinal data and (2) expand our current understanding of human cranial variation for an understudied population.

Methods

Multivariate probit models were used to classify the ancestral affiliation of Filipino crania using morphoscopic traits. Ancestral reference populations represented Africa, Asia, and Europe in a three‐group model, with the addition of Hispanics in a four‐group model. Posterior probabilities across these groups were interpreted as admixture proportions of an individual. Model performance was also evaluated for individuals with missing data.

Results

The overall correct classification rates for the three‐group and four‐group models were 72.1% and 68.6%, respectively. Filipinos classified as Asian 52.9% of the time using three ancestral reference groups and 48.6% using four groups. A large portion of Filipinos also classified as African. There were no significant differences in classification trends or accuracy rates between complete crania and crania with at least one missing variable.

Conclusions

Multivariate probit models using morphoscopic traits perform well when populations are represented in both training and test samples. Probit can also accommodate individuals with missing data. Classifying Filipinos showed only moderate success. Filipinos are more phenotypically similar to Africans than the other Asian samples used here, but still affiliate most closely as Asian. Ancestry methods would benefit from including Filipinos as a reference sample given the additional variation they provide to the continental category of Asian.
Chemically modified screen‐printed electrodes as efficient potentiometric sensors for cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride determination in pure and pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Frag Eman Y. , Mohamed Marwa E. , Abdel Hameed R.M. , Mahmoud Asmaa M.
Published: January 2020

Chemically modified screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) with 3,4‐dihydroxy‐9,10‐dioxo‐2‐anthracenesulfonic acid sodium salt [Alizarin Red (ALZ.R)] and tricresylphosphate (TCP) were fabricated and examined for potentiometric determination of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (CZP.HCl) in pure and pharmaceutical samples. The content of ALZ.R in the prepared SPEs varied, which significantly affected their potentiometric response during CZP.HCl estimation. The measured potential value was dependent on the pH of the studied solution. A stable modified SPE sensor was prepared with reproducible readings within 22 days. A wide linear concentration range could be measured with Nernestian slope value of 60.12 ± 0.18 mV decade−1. Based on the recorded analytical parameters of these modified SPEs, a sensitive and reliable detection of CZP.HCl in pharmaceutical samples could be attained.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@THAM‐SO3H as a highly reusable nanocatalyst and its application for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Faroughi Niya Homayoun , Hazeri Nourallah , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher
Published: January 2020

In this work, a new, green and beneficial nanomagnetic catalyst was easily fabricated using sulfuric acid as an acidic group on Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (THAM). The synthesized catalyst was characterized by FT‐IR, TGA/DTG, XRD, TEM, EDS, VSM, and SEM analyses. Next, its catalytic activity was studied for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives. This catalyst has advantages such as high catalytic activity, non‐toxicity, easy separation from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and reuses for several times without significantly reducing in its catalytic activity.
Characterizing surrogacy performance in the systematic conservation planning of riverine networks
Authors: Sály Péter , Dolezsai Anna , Lukács Balázs András , Várbíró Gábor , Erős Tibor
Published: January 2020

Priority‐area selection is a core phase of systematic conservation planning, often carried out using a single (surrogate) taxon. Efficient surrogates are expected to yield taxonomically representative priority areas that embrace the populations not only of the surrogate but also the surrogated taxa. Compared with the terrestrial realm, surrogacy performance of riverine taxa has received much less attention.

This study compared the surrogacy performance of fishes (FI), macrophytes (MP), and benthic macroinvertebrates (MI) in terms of total area, connectedness, spatial congruence, and taxonomic representativeness of priority areas in the Middle Danube basin (Hungary). Setting three target values for each surrogate group, nine area prioritization designs were run by using a purpose‐written connectivity‐centric algorithm to emphasize the importance of longitudinal connectivity.

FI provided the smallest, MP the intermediate, and MI the largest priority areas or solutions. Connectedness was greatest for FI, being one order of magnitude higher than for the other two groups. Pairwise spatial congruence was highest between FI and MP, lowest between MP and MI, and intermediate for FI and MI. MI yielded the most representative solutions, although the number of occurrences of the surrogated taxa in the solution, as a criterion of representation, modified the ratio of the taxa represented. Areas compiled from the overlapping parts of the surrogate‐specific priority sets proved to be smaller than, and similarly representative of, single‐taxon solutions.

Taxon‐rich groups such as MI can serve as efficient surrogates, but that can result in larger solutions than for less taxon‐rich surrogates. Apart from the size, the compactness of the solutions seems to be determined by the identity of the surrogate taxa, and FI can be alternative surrogates in connectivity‐centric prioritization. At the same time, multi‐group approaches can enhance the robustness of area prioritization in terms of representativeness compared with single‐taxon procedures.
The Developmental Gene Hypothesis for Punctuated Equilibrium: Combined Roles of Developmental Regulatory Genes and Transposable Elements
Authors: Casanova Emily L. , Konkel Miriam K.
Published: January 2020

Theories of the genetics underlying punctuated equilibrium (PE) have been vague to date. Here the developmental gene hypothesis is proposed, which states that: 1) developmental regulatory (DevReg) genes are responsible for the orchestration of metazoan morphogenesis and their extreme conservation and mutation intolerance generates the equilibrium or stasis present throughout much of the fossil record and 2) the accumulation of regulatory elements and recombination within these same genes—often derived from transposable elements—drives punctuated bursts of morphological divergence and speciation across metazoa. This two‐part hypothesis helps to explain the features that characterize PE, providing a theoretical genetic basis for the once‐controversial theory. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/C-fu-ks5yDs
Fibroblast growth factor‐2 and interleukin‐4 synergistically induce eotaxin‐1 expression in adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells
Authors: Hattori Hidemi , Ishihara Masayuki
Published: January 2020

The relationships between eosinophils and adipose tissues are involved in metabolic homeostasis. Eotaxin is a chemokine with potent effects on eosinophil migration. To clarify the mechanisms of eotaxin expression in adipose tissues, we examined the effects of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) stimulation on eotaxin expression in adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells (ASCs), a type of adipocyte progenitor, in vitro. ASCs expressed eotaxin‐1 and did not express eotaxin‐2 or ‐3. Eotaxin‐1 expression was increased in a concentration‐dependent manner following FGF‐2 treatment. Additionally, ASCs expressed FGF receptor‐1 (FGFR‐1) and did not express FGFR‐2, ‐3, or ‐4. Eotaxin‐1 expression was inhibited in cells treated with the FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor U0126, even in the presence of FGF‐2. Moreover, eotaxin‐1 expression was synergistically enhanced by combined treatment with FGF‐2 and IL‐4 and inhibited in the presence of U0126. Eotaxin‐1 expression induced by FGF‐2 and IL‐4 was involved in ERK activation via FGFR‐1 in ASCs. Upregulation of eotaxin expression in adipose tissues could increase eosinophil migration, thereby inducing IL‐4 secretion and activation of alternative macrophages and improving glucose homeostasis. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms through which eotaxin mediates metabolic homeostasis in adipose tissues and eosinophils.
Outcomes after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in occluded vascular access used for dialysis purposes
Authors: Drouven Johannes W. , de Bruin Cor , van Roon Arie M. , Oldenziel Job , Bokkers Reinoud P. H. , Zeebregts Clark J.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy using the AngioJet™ system can be considered to reestablish patency in occluded vascular access. The aim of this study was to review our results for endovascular mechanical thrombectomy using the AngioJet™ system in patients with arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) and arteriovenous grafts (AVG).

Methods

Data collected in a database of patients requiring hemodialysis for renal failure were analyzed. Patients who underwent endovascular mechanical thrombectomy procedures with the AngioJet™ system for occlusion of vascular access were included. Clinical and technical success rates and patency rates were calculated. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors of influence.

Results

A total of 92 AngioJet™ procedures in 60 patients with thrombosed vascular access were reviewed during a mean follow‐up period of 21.5 months in patients with an AVF and 11.9 months in patients with an AVG. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 92.6% of AVF cases and 92.0 and 90.8% of AVG cases with an AVG, respectively. Significantly higher primary and primary‐assisted patency rates were observed in the AVF group. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that left‐sided vascular access and female sex were independent predictors for failure regarding primary patency in AVG patients. Immunosuppressive drugs and older age were negative predictors for secondary patency in AVG patients.

Conclusions

The AngioJet™ system can be deemed an effective technique to reestablish patency in occluded vascular access with minimal use of central venous catheters for dialysis. Good technical and clinical success rates were achieved with acceptable patency rates, especially in AVF patients.
CGIAR modeling approaches for resource‐constrained scenarios: I. Accelerating crop breeding for a changing climate
Authors: Ramirez‐Villegas Julian , Molero Milan Anabel , Alexandrov Nickolai , Asseng Senthold , Challinor Andrew J. , Crossa Jose , van Eeuwijk Fred , Ghanem Michel Edmond , Grenier Cecile , Heinemann Alexandre B. , Wang Jiankang , Juliana Philomin , Kehel Zakaria , Kholova Jana , Koo Jawoo , Pequeno Diego , Quiroz Roberto , Rebolledo Maria C. , Sukumaran Sivakumar , Vadez Vincent , White Jeffrey W. , Reynolds Matthew
Published: January 2020

Crop improvement efforts aiming at increasing crop production (quantity, quality) and adapting to climate change have been subject of active research over the past years. But, the question remains ‘to what extent can breeding gains be achieved under a changing climate, at a pace sufficient to usefully contribute to climate adaptation, mitigation and food security?’. Here, we address this question by critically reviewing how model‐based approaches can be used to assist breeding activities, with particular focus on all CGIAR (formerly the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research but now known simply as CGIAR) breeding programs. Crop modeling can underpin breeding efforts in many different ways, including assessing genotypic adaptability and stability, characterizing and identifying target breeding environments, identifying tradeoffs among traits for such environments, and making predictions of the likely breeding value of the genotypes. Crop modeling science within the CGIAR has contributed to all of these. However, much progress remains to be done if modeling is to effectively contribute to more targeted and impactful breeding programs under changing climates. In a period in which CGIAR breeding programs are undergoing a major modernization process, crop modelers will need to be part of crop improvement teams, with a common understanding of breeding pipelines and model capabilities and limitations, and common data standards and protocols, to ensure they follow and deliver according to clearly defined breeding products. This will, in turn, enable more rapid and better‐targeted crop modeling activities, thus directly contributing to accelerated and more impactful breeding efforts.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in diabetic foot ulceration: Useless or useful? A battle
Authors: Löndahl Magnus , Boulton Andrew J.M.
Published: January 2020

The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) in the treatment of certain types of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) has been the topic of much debate and disagreement over the last several decades. In this review, the evidence for its use is presented and discussed by two experts in DFU management. Whereas some randomized controlled trials suggest that HBO may speed the healing of certain ischaemic or neuroischaemic ulcers after the failure of standard of care, most recent trials have been negative. No RCT is perfect, and the weaknesses of RCTs in this therapeutic area are discussed. It can be concluded that the indications for the use of HBO remain unclear, and that large, rigorously designed and executed RCTs are required to clarify the use of HBO in DFU treatment.
Characterization of Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Southern Brazil
Authors: Crizel Rosane Lopes , Hoffmann Jessica Fernanda , Zandoná Giovana Paula , Lobo Paula Mendonça Shild , Jorge Rogerio Oliveira , Chaves Fabio Clasen
Published: January 2020

Six olive oils extracted from the cultivars Arbequina, Arbosana, Coratina, Frantoio, Koroneiki, and Picual from 2017 and 2018 harvests, cultivated in Pinheiro Machado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are evaluated for standard oil composition parameters and bioactive constituents (pigments, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds). Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and univariate ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test are used to verify the effect of cultivar and harvest year on oil composition. Olive oil composition met extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) standard parameters and is influenced by both cultivar and harvest year. EVOO produced in 2018 has greater chlorophyll, caffeic acid, ligstroside aglycone, hydroxyoleuropein aglycone, syringic acid, and hydroxytyrosol acetate contents than the EVOOs from 2017. Linoleic acid, ferulic acid, ligstroside aglycone, and hydroxytyrosol acetate are the variables whose contents most contributed to the differentiation of oils by cultivar in both harvest years. Chemical characterization analyses allow for the differentiation of oil composition based on harvest year and cultivar. Metabolic quality data obtained here support the establishment of a local EVOO profile and the compounds that most contributed to treatment differentiation may serve as markers that can be utilized in determining origin, cultivar, and harvest year.

Practical Applications: Olive production in Brazil is recent and is based on European cultivars which have not been bred for the local environmental conditions. Therefore, the measurement of olive oil metabolic quality will determine cultivar adaptability to local edaphoclimatic conditions as well as assist in the establishment of a standard of identity for the product and promote the development of its market. Olive oil produced in Southern Brazil shows high quality, and is especially rich in phenolic compounds. Although harvest year influences oil composition, oil from both harvests meet EVOO standards and cultivar specific metabolic markers are observed. This study provides the foundation for olive producers in Southern Brazil to seek authentication of the geographical origin of olive oil.
Optimization of distributed detection in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks with multiple antenna fusion center
Authors: Choubin Morteza , Taherpour Abbas
Published: January 2020

This paper addresses the detection improvement using multiple antenna fusion center (FC) and optimal collaboration among sensors with energy harvesting (EH) capability in WSNs. Using multiple antennas at FC, we benefit from the available fundamental spatial diversity in distributed WSN. We formulate to maximize the probability of collaborative detection based on parameters of collaboration among sensors and the energy of each sensor for the different scenarios as the optimization problem. In particular, we consider several practical constraints for EH and battery energy storage to maintain network connectivity. The objective function is the nonconvex function so the optimization problem is obtained as the nonconvex problem. To resolve this issue, the objective function is converted to a convex function using a relaxation method, and an optimum solution is obtained for this problem using local optimum values. The numerical results show the impact of the different parameters on the performance of the collaborative decision. These results also demonstrate that using distributed spatial diversity at FC by multiple antennas leads to a better decision in terms of error probability, and distributed wireless sensor‐enabled with EH capability results to more robust network connectivity in practice.
Shift‐contagion in energy markets and global crisis
Authors: Mili Mehdi , Sahut Jean‐Michel , Teulon Frédéric
Published: January 2020

This paper presents an analysis of shift‐contagion in energy markets, testing whether linkages between returns in energy markets increase during crisis periods. The research presented herein demonstrates how common movement between energy markets increases due to (i) shift‐contagion across energy markets, reflected by structural transmission of shocks across markets and (ii) larger common shocks operating through standard cross‐market interdependences. A regime‐switching model was developed to detect shift‐contagion across energy markets. In the approach adopted herein, the occurrence of shift‐contagion is endogenously estimated rather than being exogenously assigned. The results show that shift‐contagion has been a major feature of energy markets over the last decade. Evidence is presented which demonstrates that the linkages between energy markets do not appear to be stable. These results are remarkably accurate for forecasting Brent and natural gas for horizons for up to 50 days. Conversely, for WTI (West Texas Intermediate oil) and coal, the model performs well only for forecasting very short horizons (up to 20 days). For all products, the model shows significant biases for long horizons.
Volatile compound profiling from soybean oil in the heating process
Authors: Xiao Lin , Li Chongwei , Chai Duo , Chen Yan , Wang Zhenyu , Xu Xianbing , Wang Yi , Geng Yufeng , Dong Liang
Published: January 2020

Soybean oil heating or cooking is a very complicated process. In order to better understand the composition of the volatile compounds from soybean oil during heating process, volatile profiling was carried out through vacuum‐assisted headspace solid‐phase microextraction combined with GC‐MS. As a result, a total of 72 volatile compounds were detected and identified during this process, including aldehydes (27), alcohols (14), ketones (10), furans (6), aromatic compounds (9), acids, and esters (6). And the forming temperature of each volatile was determined. Results show most of volatile aldehydes and alcohols were formed at 120°C leading to release off‐flavor largely, which was considered as a critical temperature point for the formation of soybean oil flavor during the whole heating process. Meanwhile, ketones and furans were formed at 150°C, and acids were detected at 180°C. The content of most volatile compounds increased significantly with the temperature raised. Simultaneously, results of principal component analysis demonstrate that flavor characteristics of soybean oil have a big difference between higher and lower temperature in the heating process.
Chemical composition of tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenosides and their suppression on inflammatory response by NF‐κB/MAPKs/AP‐1 signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Ming , Gao Hang , Sun Xiangjun , Gao Boyan , Zhang Yaqiong , Yu Liangli
Published: January 2020

The chemical composition and anti‐inflammatory activity of gypenosides isolated from tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) leaves were investigated. The gypenosides accounted for 7.43 mg/g of the tested GP sample, which were composed of four major saponins including isomers of gypenoside 1 and 2 (C47H76O18), 3 (C47H76O17), and 4 (C46H74O17). Pretreatment of gypenosides reduced mRNA expressions of the proinflammatory mediators in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, such as IL‐6, IL‐1β, COX‐2, and TNF‐α in a dose‐dependent manner. The secreted protein levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and NO production were also decreased by gypenosides within the concentration range of 50–200 μg/ml. Moreover, the mechanism studies demonstrated that gypenosides (200 μg/ml) treatment significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κB and activator protein 1 (c‐Fos and c‐Jun) through down‐regulating the phosphorylation of their upstream IκB kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), especially that of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinase(JNK and ERK), but not that of the p38 MAPK. These results suggested that the gypenosides might have potential anti‐inflammatory effect and use for improving human health.
Interstate Gas Pipelines and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Bridging the Gap in FERC Certificate Proceedings
Authors: Yaffe David P.
Published: January 2020

Every discussion regarding new interstate natural gas pipeline development now stumbles over the question of whether to attribute carbon dioxide emission levels from activities at either end of a pipeline (i.e., the production or burning of natural gas) to the existence of the pipeline connection between those two functions. From the 1920s until the late 1990s or early 2000s, the question of whether to build new facilities either to provide natural gas to previously unserved markets or to increase supply capacity to existing locations, focused on either the sufficiency of supply (in the 1960s and early 1970s) or demand (related to price) through almost 2010. The benefits of natural gas, primarily for heating, cooking, electric production, or other manufacturing purposes, were almost presumed. As the public increasingly perceived climate change triggered by human CO2 emissions as a problem, natural gas was viewed approvingly as a “bridge fuel” from coal, oil, and other fossil fuels to noncombustion renewable technologies because the CO2 emissions associated with the use of natural gas were almost half of those from other fossil fuel sources.
Absolute quantitation of microbes using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding: A rapid normalization of relative abundances by quantitative PCR targeting a 16S rRNA gene spike‐in standard
Authors: Zemb Olivier , Achard Caroline S. , Hamelin Jerome , De Almeida Marie‐Léa , Gabinaud Béatrice , Cauquil Laurent , Verschuren Lisanne M.G. , Godon Jean‐Jacques
Published: January 2020

Metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene is commonly used to characterize microbial communities, by estimating the relative abundance of microbes. Here, we present a method to retrieve the concentrations of the 16S rRNA gene per gram of any environmental sample using a synthetic standard in minuscule amounts (100 ppm to 1% of the 16S rRNA sequences) that is added to the sample before DNA extraction and quantified by two quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) reactions. This allows normalizing by the initial microbial density, taking into account the DNA recovery yield. We quantified the internal standard and the total load of 16S rRNA genes by qPCR. The qPCR for the latter uses the exact same primers as those used for Illumina sequencing of the V3‐V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene to increase accuracy. We are able to calculate the absolute concentration of the species per gram of sample, taking into account the DNA recovery yield. This is crucial for an accurate estimate as the yield varied between 40% and 84%. This method avoids sacrificing a high proportion of the sequencing effort to quantify the internal standard. If sacrificing a part of the sequencing effort to the internal standard is acceptable, we however recommend that the internal standard accounts for 30% of the environmental 16S rRNA genes to avoid the PCR bias associated with rare phylotypes. The method proposed here was tested on a feces sample but can be applied more broadly on any environmental sample. This method offers a real improvement of metabarcoding of microbial communities since it makes the method quantitative with limited efforts.
Couette flow of viscoelastic fluid with constitutive relation involving general Caputo‐type fractional derivative
Authors: Sin Chung‐Sik , In Hyok‐Chol
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the general Caputo‐type fractional differential operator introduced by Pr. Anatoly N. Kochubei is applied to the linear theory of viscoelasticity. Firstly, using the general Caputo‐type derivative, a generalized linear viscoelastic constitutive equation is proposed for the first time. Secondly, the momentum equation for the plane Couette flow of viscoelastic fluid with the constitutive relation is given as an integrodifferential equation and the analytical solution of the equation is established by employing the separation of variables method. Lastly, for special cases of the general constitutive relation, the analytical solutions are obtained in terms of the Mittag‐Leffler functions.
Observing and interpreting superluminal behaviors in microwave and optical experiments
Authors: Cacciari Ilaria , Mugnai Daniela , Ranfagni Anedio , Petrucci Andrea
Published: January 2020

Some typical cases of tunneling and near‐field propagation experiments, carried out mainly in the microwave, but also in the optical range, giving rise to superluminal behavior, are re‐examined. The several types of superluminal behavior are classified and an attempt is made searching for a unified interpretation. Within this context, the role played by the “weak measurement” theory is also evidenced.
Simultaneous edited MRS of GABA, glutathione, and ethanol
Authors: Saleh Muhammad G. , Wang Min , Mikkelsen Mark , Hui Steve C.N. , Oeltzschner Georg , Boissoneault Jeff , Stennett Bethany , Edden Richard A.E. , Porges Eric C.
Published: January 2020

The aim of this work was to develop simultaneous edited MRS of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutathione (GSH), and ethanol (EtOH) using Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of MEGA‐edited spectroscopy (HERMES) at 3T.

Density‐matrix simulations of HERMES were carried out and compared with phantom experiments. In vivo experiments were performed in six healthy volunteers about 30 min after alcohol consumption.

Simulations of HERMES showed GABA‐, GSH‐, and EtOH‐edited spectra with low levels of crosstalk and excellent agreement with phantom spectra. In vivo experiments showed well edited GABA signals at 3.0 ppm, GSH at 2.95 ppm, and EtOH at 1.18 ppm in the respective Hadamard combination spectra. Measured integral ratios were 0.082 ± 0.012 for GABA/Cr, 0.037 ± 0.006 for GSH/Cr, and 0.305 ± 0.129 for EtOH/Cr.

Simulated, phantom, and in vivo measurements of HERMES show excellent separation of GABA‐, GSH‐, and EtOH‐edited signals with negligible levels of crosstalk. HERMES allows a threefold acceleration of editing while maintaining spectral quality compared with sequentially acquired MEGA‐PRESS measurements.
Factors affecting mobile home prevalence in the United States: Poverty, natural amenities, and employment in natural resources
Authors: Brooks Matthew M. , Mueller J. Tom
Published: January 2020

Mobile home residence in the United States is associated with negative social, economic, and health‐related outcomes. However, although research on mobile home residence at the individual level has been performed, a geographic understanding of mobile home prevalence in the United States remains absent from the literature. Therefore, the purpose of our analysis was to evaluate the county‐level drivers of mobile home prevalence in the continental United States in 2015. The influence of five groups of variables—demographic, economic, housing, industry and occupation, and natural amenities—were assessed in a series of nested ordinary least squares regressions. Additionally, the full model was run as a spatial lag regression to control for spatial autocorrelation. Our results indicate that the primary drivers of mobile home prevalence in U.S. counties were the percent of population in near poverty, the labour force participation rate, and the percent of the population employed in natural resource occupations.
Squamous cell transformation as a mechanism of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in EGFR‐mutated lung adenocarcinoma: a report of two cases
Authors: Uruga Hironori , Fujii Takeshi , Nakamura Nobuyuki , Moriguchi Shuhei , Kishi Kazuma , Takaya Hisashi
Published: January 2020

Pathological transformation to squamous cell carcinoma after epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment has been reported, but details of the transformation remain unclear. We report two cases with transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. The first case was a 61‐year‐old man who was an ex‐smoker with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma harbouring EGFR exon 19 insertion. He experienced squamous cell transformation after 28 months of erlotinib therapy. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis showed EGFR T790M and genomic alterations in PTEN, PDGFR, and HRAS. The second case was a 72‐year‐old man who was an ex‐smoker with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma harbouring EGFR exon 21 L858R. He experienced squamous cell transformation after nine months of erlotinib therapy. NGS analysis showed EGFR T790M and genomic alterations in PTEN, SMARCB1, TP53, and KIT. Both patients had PTEN genomic alterations and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway might play an important role in squamous cell transformation.
A novel rotation invariant and Manhattan metric–based pose refinement: Augmented reality–based oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Bayrak Mucahit , Alsadoon Abeer , Prasad P.W.C. , Venkata Haritha Sallepalli , Ali Rasha S. , Haddad Sami
Published: January 2020

Background

Augmented reality (AR) is gaining attention in medicine because of the convenience and innovation that it brings to operating rooms. Furthermore, oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS), which is one of sensitive and narrow spatial surgery, requires high accuracy in image registration and low processing time of the system. However, the current systems are suffering from image registration problems while matching two different posture images. We thus aimed to increase that overlay accuracy and decrease the processing time.

Methodology

The proposed system consists of an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, which is the combination of a rotation invariant and Manhattan error metric, to provide the best initial parameters and to decrease the computational cost by sorting high and low processing pixel images, respectively.

Result

The study on maxillary and mandibular jaw bone demonstrates that the proposed work overlay accuracy ranges from 0.22 to 0.30 mm, and processing time ranges from 10 to 14 frames per second as opposed to the 0.23‐ to 0.35‐mm overlay accuracy and the current 8 to 12 frames per second processing time.

Conclusion

This research aimed to improve the visualization and fast AR system for the OMS. Thus, the proposed system achieved an improvement in overlay accuracy and processing time by implementing the Rotation Invariant and Manhattan error metric ICP algorithm.
Phase transitions in graphs on orientable surfaces
Authors: Kang Mihyun , Moßhammer Michael , Sprüssel Philipp
Published: January 2020

Let be the orientable surface of genus and denote by the class of all graphs on vertex set with edges embeddable on . We prove that the component structure of a graph chosen uniformly at random from features two phase transitions. The first phase transition mirrors the classical phase transition in the Erdős‐Rényi random graph chosen uniformly at random from all graphs with vertex set and edges. It takes place at , when the giant component emerges. The second phase transition occurs at , when the giant component covers almost all vertices of the graph. This kind of phenomenon is strikingly different from and has only been observed for graphs on surfaces.
Effect of nitrogen ion irradiation treatment to the enhancement of ZnO photocatalytic performance
Authors: Lv Shasha , Li Mingyang , Qiu Menglin , Wang Yazi , Dong Fanghan , Chen Chienhua , Cheng Jianping , Li Zhengcao
Published: January 2020

To overcome the drawbacks of fast charge recombination and the limited visible‐light absorption of semiconductor photocatalysts, N ion irradiation is used to enhance photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanowires. Compared with as‐grown ZnO nanowires, the photocatalytic performance of ZnO under dose of 5 × 1015 cm−2 was efficiently improved because of the bandgap energy decreasing and the introduction of oxygen vacancies defects. On one hand, the reduced bandgap energy improves the easy transfer process of electrons and holes, thus improving the charge separation efficiency, and visible‐light absorption. On the other hand, N ion irradiation increases oxygen vacancy defects and hinders the recombination of photo‐excited electrons and holes. This study has certificated that ion irradiation is an efficient way and created a new insight on the enhancement of photocatalytic activity.
A 1D Honeycomb‐Like Amorphous Zincic Vanadate for Stable and Fast Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Qin Zhongzheng , Lv Chade , Pei Jian , Yan Chunshuang , Hu Yongyuan , Chen Gang
Published: January 2020

Developing nanomaterials with synergistic effects of various structural merits is considered to be an effective strategy to improve the sluggish ion kinetics and severe structural degradation of sodium‐ion battery (SIB) anodes. Herein, honeycomb‐like amorphous Zn2V2O7 (ZVO‐AH) nanofibers as SIBs anode material with plentiful defective sites, complex cavities, and good mechanical flexibility are reported. The fabrication strategy relies on the expansive and volatile nature of the organic vanadium source, based on a simple electrospinning with subsequent calcination. Originating from the synergies of amorphous nature and honeycomb‐like cavities, ZVO‐AH shows increased electrochemical activity, accelerated Na‐ion diffusion, and robust structure. Impressively, the ZVO‐AH anode delivers superior cycle stability (112% retention at 5 A g−1 after 5000 cycles) and high rate capability (150 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1). The synthetic versatility is able to synergistically promote the practical application of more potential materials in sodium‐ion storage.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by Metal‐Free‐Based Materials: Recent Advances and Future Perspective
Authors: Shen Huidong , Peppel Tim , Strunk Jennifer , Sun Zhenyu
Published: January 2020

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to produce valuable chemicals and fuels using solar energy provides an appealing route to alleviate global energy and environmental problems. Searching for photocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for CO2 conversion is the key to achieving this goal. Among the various proposed photocatalysts, metal‐free materials, such as graphene, nitrides, carbides, and conjugated organic polymers, have gained extensive research interest for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, due to their earth abundance, cost‐effectiveness, good electrical conductivity, and environmental friendliness. They exhibit prominent catalytic activity, impressive selectivity, and long durability for the conversion of CO2 to solar fuels. Herein, the recent progress on metal‐free photocatalysis of CO2 reduction is systematically reviewed. Opportunities and challenges on modification of nonmetallic catalysts to enhance CO2 transformation are presented. Theoretical calculations on possible reduction mechanisms and pathways as well as the potential in situ and operando techniques for mechanistic understanding are also summarized and discussed. Based on the aforementioned discussions, suitable future research directions and perspectives for the design and development of potential nonmetallic photocatalysts for efficient CO2 reduction are provided.
Experimental investigation of a self‐centering precast concrete beam‐to‐column connection with top and bottom friction energy dissipaters
Authors: Huang Linjie , Zhou Zhen , Peng Zhen , Ma Junfeng
Published: January 2020

The new friction material, non‐asbestos organic, and Belleville springs are applied to the friction energy dissipaters (FEDs) to improve its friction performance. The new high‐performance FEDs are placed in the top and bottom parts of the self‐centering precast concrete (SCPC) beam‐to‐column connections, which have inherently reduced residual deformation caused by posttensioned tendons, to enhance energy dissipation efficiency. Besides, the reasonable design of the connection between FEDs and backbone members makes it easy for the disassembly of all members, which significantly enhances the repair efficiency after a major earthquake. Theoretical analyses and 14 tests were performed on a full‐scale specimen, which were assembled two times, and the friction pads were replaced one time, to investigate the effects of various parameters on the performance of such FED‐SCPC beam‐to‐column connections. The influence of key design parameters on the hysteretic behaviors, such as stiffness, loss of posttensioned tendons force, self‐centering capacity, and energy dissipation capacity, has been analyzed. The test results indicate that the FED‐SCPC beam‐to‐column connections can achieve significant and reliable energy dissipation levels while maintaining self‐centering capabilities. The experimental and theoretical results can provide certain references for the seismic design and assembly of such structures.
Cycloaddition of Alkenes and Alkynes to the P‐centered Singlet Biradical [P(μ‐NTer)]2
Authors: Chojetzki Lukas , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander , Wustrack Ronald
Published: January 2020

The reaction of biradical [P(μ‐NTer)]2 (1, Ter = 2,6‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)phenyl) towards different alkenes (R = 2,3‐dimethyl–butadiene, 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,4‐hexadiene, 1,7‐octadiene, 1,4‐cyclohexadiene) and alkynes (R = 1,4‐diphenyl‐1,3‐butadiyne) was studied experimentally. Although these olefins can react in different ways, only [2+2] cycloaddition products (1R) were observed. The reaction with 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene also led to the [2+2] product (1dmb). Thermal treatment of 1dmb above 140 °C resulted in the recovery of biradical 1 upon homolytic bond cleavage of the two P–C bonds and the release of 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene. In contrast to this reaction, all other [2+2] additions products (1R, R = 1,7‐octadiene, 1,4‐cyclohexadiene, 1,4‐diphenyl‐1,3‐butadiyne) began to decompose at temperatures between 200 °C and 300 °C. Only unidentified products were obtained but no temperature‐controlled equilibrium reactions were observed. Computations were carried out to shed light into the formal [2+2] as well as the possible [4+2] addition reaction.
177Lutetium PSMA-radioligandtherapie bij prostaatkanker
Authors: Vis André N. , Jansen Bernard H. E. , Bodar Yves J. L. , Nieuwenhuijzen Jakko A. , Hendrikse Harry N. , Oprea-Lager Daniela E.
Published: January 2020

Samenvatting

177Lu-PSMA is een nieuwe, veelbelovende therapie bij patiënten met een gemetastaseerd castratieresistent prostaatcarcinoom (mCRPC). Het radioactief gelabelde medicijn wordt intraveneus toegediend in 1–6 cycli waarbij de β‑stralen zorgen voor intracellulaire DNA-schade en celdood van prostaatkankercellen met PSMA-expressie. Voornamelijk retrospectieve onderzoeken tonen aan dat het serum-PSA met ≥ 50 % daalt bij 40–60 % van deze vaak intensief behandelde patiëntengroep. Mogelijk is er een overlevingswinst in vergelijking met een niet-behandelde groep. De toxiciteit van 177Lu-PSMA is relatief gering. Er trad met name graad I–II CTCAE-xerostomie op bij 30–50 % van de patiënten, en veelal voorbijgaande graad III–IV CTCAE-hematologische toxiciteit (trombocytopenie, leukopenie) bij 0–15 %. De behandeling wordt momenteel onderzocht in meerdere prospectieve studies bij patiënten met mCRPC en in een gerandomiseerde studie. Het gebruik in vroegere fasen van prostaatkanker wordt geëvalueerd. Tot meer bekend is over de uitkomst van deze studies, blijft het gebruik van 177Lu-PSMA experimenteel.
A survey on graph kernels
Authors: Kriege Nils M. , Johansson Fredrik D. , Morris Christopher
Published: January 2020

Graph kernels have become an established and widely-used technique for solving classification tasks on graphs. This survey gives a comprehensive overview of techniques for kernel-based graph classification developed in the past 15 years. We describe and categorize graph kernels based on properties inherent to their design, such as the nature of their extracted graph features, their method of computation and their applicability to problems in practice. In an extensive experimental evaluation, we study the classification accuracy of a large suite of graph kernels on established benchmarks as well as new datasets. We compare the performance of popular kernels with several baseline methods and study the effect of applying a Gaussian RBF kernel to the metric induced by a graph kernel. In doing so, we find that simple baselines become competitive after this transformation on some datasets. Moreover, we study the extent to which existing graph kernels agree in their predictions (and prediction errors) and obtain a data-driven categorization of kernels as result. Finally, based on our experimental results, we derive a practitioner’s guide to kernel-based graph classification.