bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the formulation and technology for functional jelly using mulberry syrup
Authors: Blyagoz A. I. , Vlasenko M. V.
Published: April 2022

The use of modern technologies in the production of food products often leads to decrease in nutritional value due to the loss of essential nutrients. In this regard, there is a need to search for new technological solutions in the field of food fortification. Functional food products are one of the actively developing areas for solving this problem. The main component of functional foods are functional ingredients, thanks to which the product exhibits useful, health-improving properties. At present, functional nutrition has become available, that is the ability to make a varied diet from foods rich in proteins, vitamins, flavonoids and other biologically active components. In this aspect, mulberry fruits are promising plant raw material with a high content of biologically active substances. This fact creates an opportunity for their use in the production of functional products. The article presents the developed functional product, namely jelly using mulberry syrup – mulberry doshab. The influence of the dosage of mulberry syrup, as well as the influence of the type and concentration of gelling agents on the quality of jelly have been studied. The optimal ratio of jelly components has been selected. The formulation and technology of jelly has been developed. The organoleptic and physical and chemical indicators of the quality of the finished product have been determined. A significant content of vitamins and minerals in the finished product has been established. The conducted theoretical and experimental studies have confirmed the effectiveness of mulberry syrup, and allowed the development of a new recipe for gelled dessert, the introduction of which contributes to the expansion of the range of functional products.
Modernization of operating chicory factories using continuous pulsating extractors
Authors: Iovlev D. P. , Farakhov M. I. , Akberov R. R. , Stekolshchikov I. R. , Akhmerov A. V.
Published: April 2022

Chicory roots are a valuable source of inulin and other healthy nutrients. The most common direction of their industrial processing is instant chicory powder production. Extraction is the main process in the production. Conventional extraction methods, which include maceration, percolation and extraction in a screw extractor, have a number of significant drawbacks, including high capital and operating costs, low quality of the resulting extract, complexity in repairing equipment, short overhaul life, etc. The purpose of the present study was to assess the technical feasibility of increasing extraction process efficiency through using continuous pulsating extractors (CPE) developed by the Ingehim company, in which a non-stationary, countercurrent mode of interaction of raw materials with the extractant is incorporated. Testing of engineering solutions implemented in CPE was carried out at a pilot pulsating unit (PPU). For extraction, roasted and crushed (5–20 mm) chicory roots from one of the operating chicory factories were used. The ratio chicory : water during extraction was 1 : 4.5, which is 1.5–2.5 times lower than in conventional extractors. A lower extraction temperature (up to 85°C) combined with a shorter extraction time (up to 1 hour) may help retain more inulin and other nutrients as compared to conventional methods. The results of the study at the PPU under these conditions confirmed the high yield of water-soluble solids (up to 98%) without additional grinding. A scheme for the modernization of a chicory factory equipped with the most common percolation extraction equipment having a feed capacity of 400 kg/h is proposed through using CPE. 3D images of the proposed modernization are shown. A comparative assessment of energy consumption for extraction using different methods is given. The results of the study indicate the capability and high efficiency of CPE for extracting chicory, which is confirmed by a decrease of up to 3.6 times in the total specific energy consumption for obtaining 1 kg of instant chicory powder compared to conventional extractors. Low capital and operating costs determine the prospects for using CPE for the modernization of existing chicory factories or the creation of new energy-efficient factories.
An approach to the design of didactic material for the strengthening of the integral development of the child
Authors: Davila Leon Daniel , Aigaje Karen , Caiza Mario , Flores Michelle , Vazquez Jhoel
Published: April 2022

The development of children must be an integral part of their educational environment, focusing on strengthening their learning and social skills. The research is framed in the design of didactic material, under the perspective of product design. As a discipline of study, it focuses on the needs andparticularities of the rural educational environment and attempts to support the integral development that Ecuadorian education has been pursued. In this context, with a qualitative approach, the characteristics of the environment are collected, as well as the perspectives of basic general education teachers, inrelation to the integral education and the existing materials in formal education. In a comparative analysis, we analyzed data obtained with similar training projects, which show the importance of working on social skills in children. The results determine parameters and requirements to develop didactic products that complement education, based on concepts of design, pedagogy, and didactics as knowledge-building tools.

Keywords: Product Design, Teaching Material, Comprehensive Training, Social Skills.
Emotional dependence in university students in a period of confinement due to covid-19
Authors: Peredo Maryori , Mamani Nathaly , Lazo Carmen , Condori Sheril
Published: April 2022

An analysis of the level of emotional and dependency according to sociodemographic characteristic factors in university students in a period of confinement due to COVID-19. 689 female students of the city of Arequipa were included; we used a measurement instrument with 23 items that allowed us to understand the influence of the current situation on the psychological state of the university. The results indicate that there is a low level of emotional dependence, in relation to the variable of the emotional situation being one of the main reasons why single students are less likely to have this dependence as they do not have any type of romantic relationship, since they focus more on their personal goals through their university studies, which shows that they are more independent when taking on challenges and objectives consistent with their academic training, compared to those who maintain a relationship.
Management of Account Receivable and Payable for Improved Financial Performance of Small Scale Industries in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Anorue Honesta C. , Ugwoke Ernest.O.
Published: April 2022

The study was conducted to determine management of account receivable and payable for improved financial performance of small enterprises in Imo state. The study used a survey research design, with 1390 participants, including 70 Accounting lecturers, 1,300 small scale enterprises operators and 20 professional accountants. The study used a multistage sampling procedure to draw a sample size of 396 participants. To answer the research questions, the collected data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the ANOVA statistic was used to test the two null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. In particular, the research identified effective ways for managing account payable and receivable of small scale enterprises for financial performance in Imo state. Based on the research findings, it was proposed, among other things, that a retraining initiative for the owners or potential owners of small scale enterprises in the state be established to educate them on the effective ways to manage accounts payable and receivable for efficient financial performance and business success.
Effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on soil quality indicators and indices under sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) + pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) (4:2) and soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) + pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in rainfed Vertisols of Western India
Authors:   ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad-500 059, Telangana, Sharma K L
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the All-India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, Parbhani Center, located in Central and Western Maharashtra, India, to study the effect of 7 predominant integrated nutrient management (INM) practices viz., F1: FYM @ 5 t ha-1 ; F2: Gliricidia @ 3t ha-1 (semi dried); F3: Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); F4: 25% RDF + FYM @ 2.5 t ha-1 ; F5: 25% RDF + Gliricidia @ 1.5 t ha-1 ; F6: Control with rotation and F7: Absolute control without rotation, on soil quality indicators and indices under two inter-cropping systems viz.,i) sorghum + pigeon pea (4:2), and ii) soybean + pigeon pea (4:2). The effect of INM treatments on soil quality indicators and indices under these cropping systems was studied individually, and the common indicators were also identified among the two cropping systems and mean SQI (Soil Quality Index) and RSQI(Relative Soil Quality Indices) were computed. The common indicators among the two cropping systems emerged for these Vertisol soils were: available S, dehydrogenase assay (DHA), labile carbon (LC) and mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates. These indicators assume great significance in managing these Vertisol soils. The methodology followed and the results of the present study will be immensely useful to different stakeholders such as researchers, students, farmers, land managers and NGOs in managing and improving soil quality under different inter-cropping systems in Vertisols
The perspective of Speech and Language Pathologist about Outcomes of an Early Language Delay in Children Less than 5 Years Old
Authors: Shafique Sibgha , Tahira Sadia , Ahmed Muhammad , Yaqoob Saba , Maqsood Hiba , Zulfiqar Nimra
Published: April 2022

Background: Language is the systematic and standard use of sounds (or signs or written symbols) for communication or expression purpose. In humans language is controlled primarily by the left cerebral hemisphere, and the right hemisphere is specialized for processing visual-spatial information. This actually depends on the handedness of humans. It is evaluated that around 95% of right-handers and 70% of left-handers appear left-hemisphere dominant for language. Early language delay is a condition that called a common developmental disorder. Persistent delay may lead to adverse impacts on the emotional, behavioral and social abilities of children.
Objective: The objective of the present study was to find out the perspective of speech and language pathologists/therapists about the outcomes of an early language delay in children less than 5 years old.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at NUR International University, from 1st March 2021 to 30 September 2021 to determine the outcomes of an early language delay in less than 5 years old. For this purpose data was collected from almost 50 speech therapist working with the language delaychildrensthrough self-designed questionnaire. Questionnaire which was used as data collecting instrument that was designed by expert opinion and literature review.
Results: Results show that the most facing outcomes are difficulty in understanding verbal communication 30(60%), turn-taking during conversation as well as playing 32(64%), focus and concentration difficulties 28(56%), difficulty in linguists use 30(60%), difficulty in imitation 25(50%), performing cognitive tasks30(60%), academic issues 30(60%), arranging syntactic and semantics 25(50%), non-compliance 29(58%), emotional tantrums 35(70%) and physical aggression on siblings and animals 31(62%).
Conclusion: The children are facing difficulties in their academic life and extremely confront the behavioral, social and, emotional problems in their daily life.
Different Techniques of Pedestrian Detection
Authors: Chaitali Bhoi  , Rajvee Desai
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the different techniques or methods for the pedestrian crossing. This paper defines the techniques like shape-based pedestrian detection, Pedestrian detection by means of far-infrared stereo vision, Pedestrian Detection using Infrared images and Histograms of Oriented Gradients
We-Care-A Donation App
Authors: Dr. Manjula S D  , Mr. A S Vishnu Rao  , Mr. Manikanta J  , Mr. Mohammed Aftab B
Published: April 2022

This application goes to assist poor people of India as through this application we are visiting distribute leftovers, clothes and books of the center class and rich people to the poor those that need this food to fill their empty stomach and garments to wear together with books to teach themselves. We have taken a path to implement our innovative ideas in the form of this project named as “We-Care A Donation App”. In highly populated countries like India, food wastage is a disturbing issue. Marriages, canteens, restaurants, social and family get-togethers, and functions drive out so much food. Food wastage is not only an indication of hunger or pollution but also of many economic problems.. because of quick changes in habits and lifestyle. Instead of wasting these things we can put them to use by donating them to needy ones. This project is an mobile based android application that aims at donation for needy. The main purpose of this project is to make contribution on reducing the economic and social problems. This will help to reduce food wastage and fulfill other requirements like clothes, books, blood etc, for needy people. This Benefits in both the restaurants (reducing the carbon footprint and wastage), and the needy ones.
Face Detection Based Emotion Recognition Using Deep Learning
Authors: Suraj Rathrod  , Akshay Patil  , Rohan Satpute  , Prof. Komal Jadhav
Published: April 2022

Music aids in the reduction of stress, the development of self-esteem, and the improvement of health, among other things. It can be broken down into a number of different genres. People tend to choose a particular music genre based on their mood and interests. As a result, there is a clear need for a platform that can automatically recommend music based on an individual's feelings. Facial expressions can be seen of as a type of nonverbal communication that can transmit information about a person's moods. As a result, Egophony is primarily concerned with the development of an application that would recommend songs to the end user based on their emotions and interests by capturing their facial expressions. We've developed a system that can recognize emotions based on facial expressions. Once the mood has been identified, the system will recommend a playlist of music from a specific genre based on the emotion. It will ultimately save a significant amount of time that would otherwise be spent manually searching, selecting, and playing songs.
Tracking Routes
Authors: Cederlöf Gunnel
Published: April 2022

For many past centuries, the Shan-Dai territories have been crossed by
communication routes allowing low- and high-tide flows of pilgrims,
diplomats, and the most valuable goods to move. This chapter in detail
studies events in the late 19th century when British and Qing imperial
forces sought to gain control of the movements and value of these flows.
The effects of the Panthay Revolt in Yunnan together with a diminished
Burmese kingdom resulted in unexpected opportunities for a British
expedition to make their first journey ever between Bhamo in northern
Burma and Momein (today: Tengchong) in Yunnan in 1868. By using the
documentation generated by this expedition, this study traces a complex
social web of relations that travellers on these routes had to negotiate.
Introduction
Authors: Horsley Karen
Published: April 2022

The introduction outlines the South’s shifting status in the cultural imaginary and its subsequent representation on screen in the mid-twentieth century. Where films like Gone with the Wind (Victor Fleming 1939), Song of the South (Harve Foster; Wilfred Jackson 1946), and Jezebel (William Wyler 1938) depicted the Old South as an exalted society built upon a thriving plantation economy, A Streetcar Named Desire (Elia Kazan 1951), To Kill a Mockingbird (Robert Mulligan 1962) and a number of other southern films reconfigured the South as a Gothic and othered space. This sets up the framework for the discussion of the Southern Gothic on screen by positioning it within a sociocultural context that has seen southern otherness disseminated through the tropes, conventions, and iconography of the Southern Gothic genre.
Organic matter and state of aggregation of leached chernozem and its semihydromorphic analog
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Borisov Boris , Efimov Oleg , Naumov Vladimir , Prochorov Artem
Published: April 2022

A comparative study of indicators of the state of organic matter and the structural state of two arable soils of the Tambov region - leached chernozem (Voronic Chernozems Pachic) and meadow-chernozem soil (Voronic Chernozems Pachic), cultivated with the same agricultural technology in one field, was carried out. The meadow chernozem soil was characterized by a higher content of humus and humic acids in its composition compared to the automorphic analog, apparently due to additional soil moisture and an increased supply of post-harvest residues. This is confirmed by the fact that the content of easily degradable organic matter (light fraction) and the level of its humification in meadow-chernozem soil were significantly higher than in leached chernozem. The degradation level of the meadow-chernozem soil, calculated by the ratio of the content of the light fraction was lower to the total content of humus, was lower, and the indicators of the aggregate and microaggregate state were more favorable than those of the leached chernozem. Keywords: SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, LIGHT FRACTION OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AGGREGATE COMPOSITION OF SOILS, MICROAGGREGATE COMPOSITION OF SOILS
Methodological aspects of the work on the reintroduction of rare plants and restoration of disturbed phytocenoses
Authors:   Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin of RAS, Gorbunov Yuri
Published: April 2022

The threat of extinction of wild flora plants and their habitats is rapidly increasing around the world. Despite the worldwide mobilization of resources for the conservation of biodiversity, it continues to be lost on an unprecedented scale at all levels. In this regard, there is a serious reassessment of methods of biodiversity conservation. At the same time, increased attention is paid to the restoration of destroyed phytocenoses (ecological restoration) and reintroduction in an attempt to minimize the consequences of habitat destruction and species extinction. Information is provided on the state of work on the reintroduction of rare plant species in the botanical gardens of Russia. The basic methodological principles of work on reintroduction are formulated. The experience of restoring disturbed natural phytocenoses is considered separately. Keywords: REINTRODUCTION OF RARE PLANT SPECIES. METHODS OF WORK. RESTORATION OF DISTURBED NATURAL PHYTOCENOSES
Ameliyat Sonrası Hastaların Derlenme Kalitesi ve Hemşirelik Bakımı
Authors: GÜREL Banu , KOÇAŞLI Sema
Published: April 2022

Ameliyat sonrası derlenme ünitesi, hastanın cerrahi işleminin bitip anestezi etkilerinin geçmesinin beklendiği ve yaşam bulgularının stabil olmasının, oluşabilecek komplikasyonların önlenmesinin hedeflendiği bölümdür. Derlenme ünitesinde hastalar, ameliyat ve anesteziden sonra pek çok istenmeyen durumla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bunlar arasında en sık karşılaşılanlar solunum, dolaşım, ağrı, hipotermi, bulantı-kusma ve nörolojik değişikliklerdir. Ameliyat sonrası bakım ünitesinde hastaların derlenme kalitelerini artırmak ve oluşabilecek komplikasyonları önlemek için yakın gözlem ve takip gerekmektedir. Hemşire, cerrahi sürecin her aşamasında aktif rol oynamakta ve gözlem, bakım, tedavi ile hastanede kalma süresini; komplikasyon, morbidite ve mortalite görülme oranlarını azaltabilmektedir. Tüm bunlar ameliyat sonrası bakım ünitesinde verilen hemşirelik bakımının önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
COVID-19 Salgınının Sağlık Çalışanlarının Mental Sağlık Durumuna Etkisi
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Rumeysa , AVCI Keziban
Published: April 2022

Dünya genelinde yaşanan COVID-19 salgını binlerce insanın ölümüne yol açmakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda insanların mental sağlıklarını da tehdit eder hale gelmiştir. Salgın gibi olağanüstü durumlarda sağlık çalışanları insanlığa hizmet etmek gibi nedenlerle manevi doyum sağlamaktadır ancak aynı zamanda bakım verdiği hastaların hastalık sürecine eşlik etme, onların acılarına şahit olma, yaşanan belirsizlik, çaresizlik, yalnızlık ve korku mental sağlık sorunlarına da yol açmaktadır. Bu değişiklikler ve salgın, psikiyatrik hastalıkları tetikleyebilir, kötüleştirebilir ve bakım verenlerin yaşadığı zorlukları arttırabilir. Öte yandan mental sağlık, çalışanların çalışma verimini ve sorun çözme yeteneklerini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 salgınının sağlık çalışanlarının mental sağlık durumuna etkisinin literatür doğrultusunda değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Sources of organic aerosols in eastern China: A modeling study with high-resolution intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compound emissions
Authors: An Jingyu , Huang Cheng , Huang Dandan , Qin Momei , Liu Huan , Yan Rusha , Qiao Liping , Zhou Min , Li Yingjie , Zhu Shuhui , Wang Qian , Wang Hongli
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) makes up a substantial fraction of atmospheric particulate matter that exerts tremendous impacts on air quality, climate, and human health. Yet current chemical transport models fail to reproduce both the concentrations and temporal variations of OA, especially the secondary organic aerosol (SOA), hindering the identification of major contribution sources. One possibility is that precursors that are not yet included in the model exist, and intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) are advocated to be one of them. Herein, we established a high-resolution emission inventory of I/SVOCs and by incorporating it into the CMAQ model, concentrations, temporal variations, and spatial distributions of POA and SOA originated from different sources in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China were successfully simulated. Compared with the comprehensive observation data obtained in the region, i.e., volatile organic compounds (VOCs), organic carbon (OC), primary organic aerosol (POA) and SOA, significant model improvements in the simulations of different OA components were demonstrated. Furthermore, spatial and seasonal variations of different source contributions to OA production were identified. We found cooking emissions are predominant sources of POA in the densely populated urban area of the region. I/SVOC emissions from industrial sources are dominant contributors to the SOA formation, followed by those from mobile sources. While the former concentrated in eastern, central, and northern YRD, the latter mainly focused on the urban area. Our results indicate that future control measures should be specifically tailored on intraregional scale based on the different source characteristics to achieve the national goal of continuous improvement in air quality. In addition, local source profiles and emission factors of I/SVOCs as well as SOA formation mechanisms in model framework are urgently needed to be updated to further improve the model performance and thus the accuracy of source identifications.
Regularized inversion of aerosol hygroscopic growth factor probability density function: application to humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer measurements
Authors: Zhang Jiaoshi , Wang Yang , Spielman Steven , Hering Susanne , Wang Jian
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Aerosol hygroscopic growth plays an important role in
atmospheric particle chemistry and the effects of aerosol on radiation and
hence climate. The hygroscopic growth is often characterized by a growth
factor probability density function (GF-PDF), where the growth factor is
defined as the ratio of the particle size at a specified relative humidity
to its dry size. Parametric, least-squares methods are the most widely used
algorithms for inverting the GF-PDF from measurements of the humidified tandem
differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) and have been recently applied to
the GF-PDF inversion from measurements of the humidity-controlled fast
integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS). However, these least-squares
methods suffer from noise amplification due to the lack of regularization in
solving the ill-posed problem, resulting in significant fluctuations in the
retrieved GF-PDF and even occasional failures of convergence. In this study,
we introduce nonparametric, regularized methods to invert the aerosol GF-PDF and
apply them to HFIMS measurements. Based on the HFIMS kernel function, the
forward convolution is transformed into a matrix-based form, which
facilitates the application of the nonparametric inversion methods with
regularizations, including Tikhonov regularization and Twomey's iterative
regularization. Inversions of the GF-PDF using the nonparameteric methods
with regularization are demonstrated using HFIMS measurements simulated from
representative GF-PDFs of ambient aerosols. The characteristics of
reconstructed GF-PDFs resulting from different inversion methods, including
previously developed least-squares methods, are quantitatively compared. The
result shows that Twomey's method generally outperforms other inversion
methods. The capabilities of Twomey's method in reconstructing the
pre-defined GF-PDFs and recovering the mode parameters are validated.
High-resolution map of sugarcane cultivation in Brazil using a phenology-based method
Authors: Zheng Yi , dos Santos Luciano Ana Cláudia , Dong Jie , Yuan Wenping
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Sugarcane is the most important source of sugar, and its
cultivation area has undergone rapid expansion, replacing other crops,
pastures, and forests. Brazil is the world's largest sugarcane producer and
contributed to approximately 38.6 % of the world's total production in
2019. Sugarcane in Brazil can be harvested from April to December in
the south-central area and from September to April in the northeast area. The
flexible phenology and harvest conditions of sugarcane in Brazil make it
difficult to identify the harvest area at state to country scales. In this
study, we developed a phenology-based method to identify the harvest area of
sugarcane in Brazil by incorporating the multiple phenology conditions into
a time-weighted dynamic time warping method (TWDTW). Then, we produced
annual 30 m spatial resolution sugarcane harvest maps (2016–2019) for 14
states in Brazil (over 98 % of the harvest area) based on the proposed
method using Landsat-7, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2 optical data. The proposed method
performed well in identifying sugarcane harvest area with limited training
sample data. Validations for the 2018 harvest year displayed high accuracy,
with the user's, producer's, and overall accuracies of 94.35 %, 87.04 %, and
91.47 % in Brazil, respectively. In addition, the identified harvest area
of sugarcane exhibited good correlations with the agricultural statistical
data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
at the municipality, microregion, and mesoregion levels. The 30 m Brazil
sugarcane harvest maps can be obtained at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14213909 (Zheng et al., 2021).
Reviewing the Reproduction Number R in Covid-19 Models
Authors: Amoretti Maria Cristina , Lalumera Elisabetta
Published: April 2022

Most of the epidemiological models of the Covid-19 pandemic contain the reproduction number (R) as a parameter. In this article we focus on some shortcomings regarding its role in driving health policies and political decisions. First, we summarize what R is and what it is used for. Second, we introduce a three-question matrix for the evaluation of any construct or parameter within a model. We then review the main literature about R to highlight some of its shortcomings and apply to them our three-question matrix. Finally, we argue that these shortcomings are important for an epistemic and political evaluation of R.
Wading places in Warmia in the medieval documents and modern manuscript maps
Authors: Klimek Robert
Published: April 2022

Problematyka brodów na Warmii biskupiej nie była dotąd tematem szczegółowych badań naukowych. W średniowiecznych dokumentach spotykamy się na Warmii z czterema brodami wymienionymi z nazwy. Trzy z nich znajdowały się na Pasłęce: Algetos (1284), Cucke (1251, 1254), Ginthebrast (1289) i jeden na Łynie: Kat (1254). Na podstawie przedstawionego materiału widać, że brody bardzo często występowały w najstarszych dokumentach granicznych dominium warmińskiego, ale także nadań nadawanych przez Zakon. W XIII i w pierwszej połowie XIV wieku brody były ważnymi i charakterystycznymi miejscami w topografii. Często prowadziły przez nie ważne w ówczesnych czasach szlaki komunikacyjne.
Poznanie i dokładne ustalenie lokalizacji brodów dzięki archiwalnym, rękopiśmiennym mapom może w dużym stopniu pomóc w badaniach nad kształtowaniem się sieci drogowej na obszarze Warmii w średniowieczu oraz w nowożytności.
Tanka intrigue: The short poem of deep mysteries
Authors: Bullock Owen
Published: April 2022

This article introduces the term‚ Tanka intrigue, for examples of tanka that accentuate an element of mystery. Tanka intrigue accommodates the Japanese aesthetic of yūgen, described below, which is its nearest existing term. Not all tanka possess this quality – perhaps five per cent – but those that do so are notable for their suggestive powers. Tanka with intrigue build on the innate tendencies of what has been a stable form in ways that accord with contemporary poetry informed by postmodernism, and in doing so renew that form. I argue that tanka with intrigue feature at least three of five attributes, and sometimes all five in the same piece (as examples will demonstrate): incompleteness, otherness, indeterminacy, the fragmentary and the absent centre. The discussion of examples concludes with reflections on my own practice and how Tanka intrigue has informed it.
Dark practices of writing: Disuniting intuition from the unknown as “free-range possibility”
Authors: Davis Oscar , West Patrick
Published: April 2022

Intuition occupies a privileged position in the practices of western creative writers that often conceals and perpetuates hegemonic power relations. We argue that these relations are the product of a powerful rhetoric linking intuition to an external and transcendental origin. While the language used to describe intuition is historically and culturally contingent, it is frequently associated with terms like unknown, mysterious, divine and darkness. To set the scene for our focus on the emergence of Practice-Led Research (PLR), we briefly survey earlier theories of intuition. Reviving the connection between intuition and transcendentalism, Graeme Sullivan (2009) proposes that PLR creates new knowledge through writing that moves from the unknown – configured as “an open landscape of free-range possibility” (p. 48) – into the known. Alongside other PLR scholars, Sullivan merges intuition with the project of connecting the creative arts to the knowledge-production imperatives of academia. This article focuses on how the introduction of a largely uninterrogated version of intuition into PLR threatens its social justice value. Countering this, Hélène Cixous’ reading of the writer’s relationship with darkness inspires an alternative approach to intuition, which actively disrupts the hegemonic power relations and associated oppressive discourses sustained by transcendentalism.
A matematização da física e demais ciências da natureza
Authors: Viggiani Bicudo Maria Aparecida
Published: April 2022

Neste artigo, foca-se o específico na obra de Euclides e mostra-se como essa característica imprime um método de trabalho que se torna invariante na lógica da ciência do mundo ocidental mediante a intermediação de Galileu. Para tanto, são apresentadas: as características do pensar pré-categorial e a mudança de visão das figuras empíricas quase exatas para as figuras-limite idealizadas; a matematização da natureza; a perda de sentido do mundo implícita à lógica do formular; a aritmitização da Geometria e a respectiva perda de sentido.
Synthesis the PID Control Algorithm for Speed Control of the DC Motor based on the Genetic Algorithm
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Melnic Vladimir , Cojuhari Irina ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: April 2022

In this paper, it is proposed to use the genetic algorithm for synthesis the PI and PID control algorithms for speed control of the DC motor, according to the imposed performance, namely settling time. The obtained results were compared with maximum stability degree method with iterations and to demonstrate the efficiency of proposed algorithm the computer simulation was done. The designed algorithm searches for the controller tuning parameters: kp, ki, and kd, so that performance for the closed-loop step response to be satisfied.
Experimental and Computational Study of the Apparent Absorption Spectra of Nanostructured Manganese Tungstate Catalysts
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Reu Oleg ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Li Xuan ,   Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaf, Germany, Wang Yuanqing ,   Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaf, Germany, Schlögl Robert ,   Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaf, Germany, Trunschke Annette ,   Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaf, Germany
Published: April 2022

The UV-Vis spectra of a series of MnWO4 nanorods with different Mn/W ratio represent the subject of the present study. Since the surfaces of the obtained catalysts are damaged to understand the observed spectra ransformations with the change of the Mn/W content homometalic binuclear, trinuclear and tetranuclear linear manganese clusters, binuclear tungsten clusters and mixed manganese-tungsten clusters of different nuclearity are examined. The choice of the linear manganese clusters of different nuclearity for examination is dictated by the revelation of MnOx units on the surface of the MnWO4 nanorods. The structures of these different nuclearity species have been optimized, and their absorption have been calculated with the aid of density functional theory (DFT). It has been shown that homonuclear tungsten clusters demonstrate only ligand-metal charge transfer, while manganese clusters demonstrate both ligand-metal and metal-ligand charge transfer. At the same time ligand-metal and manganese-tungsten electron transfers are characteristic for mixed manganese-tungsten clusters. A comparison of the calculated absorption spectra of the modeled clusters with those observed for MnWO4 nanorods showed, that chain-like manganese clusters mainly contribute to the high-energy part of the UV-Vis spectra, while the fall in the intensity of the observed spectra in the range of the longer wavelengths is connected not only with the decrease of the relative manganese content, but it also manifested due to decrease of the concentration of the mixed manganese-tungsten clusters, mainly contributing to this part of the spectra.
Superdense Coding of Information in Quantum Computer in the Paired Bosons Representation
Authors:   Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Geru Ion
Published: April 2022

An alternative approach to superdense coding of information in quantum computing is proposed on the basis of Schwinger’s two-boson representation of angular momentum. Since the effective spin S = 2n-1 - ½ corresponds to the n-qubit system, this representation can be used in the quantum computing. Operators of the logical elements of the quantum circuit were found, performing superdense coding of information in the paired bosons representation. It is shown that for superdense coding of information, the results obtained in the spinor representation and in the representation of paired bosons coincide. For one-qubit systems, one of the two representations cannot be favored. In the case of n-qubit systems for n >> 1, the representation of paired bosons is probably more convenient for applications, since in this representation the explicit form of the Pauli operators X, Y, and Z does not depend on n.
ELECTROPULSE EROSION OF ELECTRODES IN A LIQUID MEDIUM DURING THE TREATMENT OF GALVANIC WASTEWATER
Authors: Kruchyna Victoria , Bereshko Ihor , Kuznetsova Natalia , Kleevskaya Valeria
Published: April 2022

The high-quality treatment of waste water from galvanic production sites is a recent problem in many fields of production. The electric pulse method is the most acceptable treatment method for this type of waste water.

In the present paper are presents the survey results of the dependence of productivity of the main technological process (metal dispersion) on the energy and technological characteristics of a pulse generator and an electric discharge reactor. The survey results are necessary to determine the optimal operating modes and adequate design of equipment for waste water treatment of aircraft production galvanic areas.

Physical and mathematical model which are presented and experimental data confirm the dependence of the magnitude and nature of the electric pulse erosion of the material on the dispersion conditions.

Results of an experimental investigation of energy technology factors influence on the dispersion of metal in an electroerosive reactor are presented in the paper. A mathematical model of the dependence of the process productivity and specific energy expenditure has been obtained. The results of an experimental investigation of the discharge dimple on a microscope REM 106 for steel electrodes are presented.
The Disclosure of the Uncertain Nature of Financial Statements and Readers’ Perceptions of Reporting Entities
Authors: Ó hÓgartaigh Ciarán
Published: April 2022

The disclosure of the uncertain nature of financial statements has been advocated by a number of publications in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States on the basis that it informs readers of the uncertainty surrounding all financial statements. The directors’ responsibility statement currently incorporated in annual reports in the UK and Ireland and the summary of significant accounting policies in US financial statements includes such a disclosure. This paper reports on experimental research which finds that such a disclosure negatively afects assessments of performance and position of some, but not all, reporting entities. The paper concludes that further research is required to examine the signals that such a disclosure sends with regard to reporting entities.
Accounting and Marketing Views on the Use of and Importance of Management Accounting Techniques and Their Effects on Organisational Performance
Authors: Richardson A. William , Barker A. Tansu
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses the frequency of use and perceived importance of selected management accounting techniques as reported by senior accounting and marketing executives of large Canadian companies. For both groups, traditional techniques are more commonly used and considered more important, whereas contemporary techniques are noticeably less widely used and considered less important. There is a general agreement between the two groups on the techniques most frequently used and having the highest perceived importance. However, there are a number of techniques for which the frequency of use and perceived importance differ significantly between them. No strong relationships between management accounting techniques and organisational performance were found; however, the evidence suggests that use of traditional techniques may have more effect on performance than use of contemporary techniques.
The Efficiency of the ISEQ Index: Empirical Tests Using Daily Data
Authors: Stevenson Simon
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the efficiency of the Dublin stock market over the period 1987 to 1997. Using a variety of techniques the efficiency of both the ISEQ index and an equally weighted portfolio of large capitalisation stocks is re-assessed. The findings indicate that the market is not weak-form efficient, with strong evidence of persistence in the return behaviour of the data. Evidence with regard to seasonal anomalies confirms the presence of a January effect. However, the evidence with regard to a possible Tuesday effect is not significant in the period after 1991.
Arguing About Goodwill
Authors: Warnock Keith
Published: April 2022

This paper reviews the debate on the accounting treatment of goodwill between the publication of the Accounting Standards Committee’s Discussion Paper of 1980 and the issue by the Accounting Standards Board in 1997 of FRS 10. It considers the responses to six discussion/working papers and exposure drafts, analysing the pattern of respondents and reviewing the consistency of the representations submitted, the arguments employed and their development at each stage of the debate. Submissions were found to vary greatly in quality, ranging from well-argued, coherent documents maintaining a consistent outlook over time to poorly-argued responses and submissions involving unexplained inconsistencies with the respondent’s previous stance. Considerable overlap was found with arguments used in the explanatory notes of accounting standards; almost all of the types of argument used by the ASC to justify any accounting standard showed up on one side or the other of the goodwill debate. The resulting standard is better understood in the context of the very wide range of arguments brought to bear on this complex debate.
Ethical Issues in Accounting: An Empirical Study of Irish Chartered Accountants
Authors: Doyle Eileen , Pierce Bernard
Published: April 2022

The objective of this research is to provide an insight into how Irish chartered accountants resolve ethical issues in accounting. This is achieved by examining relevant characteristics of their work environments. Empirical data are collected using a combination of a postal survey and interviews. The work environments of participants were viewed by them as being generally conducive to making ethical decisions, although this view was weakerfor accountants operating in small firms and those in industry than for those employed in other work environments.
Football Clubs on the Stock Exchange: An Inappropriate Match?
Authors: Morrow Stephen
Published: April 2022

Focusing on the case of Celtic plc, this paper questions the extent to which Stock Exchange listed companies are appropriate vehicles for contemporary football clubs. It adopts an inclusive or stakeholder approach to ownership, focusing not only on the providers of capital as owners but also on the ownership rights of a football club’s community.

The paper argues in favour of ownership structures which more fully capture both the economic and social aspects of contemporary football clubs.

It concludes by discussing alternative options for the ownership and governance of football clubs, considering in particular structures based on mutual and co-operative principles.
An Analysis of the Microstructure of the Irish Gilt Market in Two Trading Regimes
Authors: Dunne Peter G.
Published: April 2022

This paper concerns the measurement of microstructural characteristics of the Irish Gilt Market in both an ‘agency’ regime and a market making regime. A time-series method is developed which, when applied to a market-making system, reveals the effective spread, the information content of trade type, partial adjustment to trade communicated information and trade-type dependence. When applied to the agent-only case, it measures the expected cost of immediacy emanating from an implicit spread and reveals serial dependence in trades at a discount/premium. A surprising aspect of the empirical results is their similarity for the pre- and post-market-making periods.
Market Reaction to Directors’ Share Dealings: Some Irish Evidence
Authors: Hamill Philip , McIlkenny Philip , Watson Iain
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the market’s reaction to directors dealing in the

shares of their company on the Dublin Stock Exchange. The traditional event study methodology is employed to test whether or not directors purchasing (selling) equity conveys a significant positive (negative) signal to the market. We find that there is no market reaction to directors’ equity purchases but a significant response to directors’ equity sales prior to the event. We suggest that these results may be associated with reduced information asymmetry and conjecture that the results reported here may point to the possible existence of an asymmetric market response to positive and negative information signals.
Practical PC Skills Fo Newly Qualified Chartered Accountants: A Study of the Training Programme of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland
Authors: McCourt Larres Patricia , Oyelere Peter
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses statistically significant differences which were found in the PC skills of newly qualified members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland (ICAI) before and after undertaking the ICAl’s PC skills programme. Their PC skills appear to have improved significantly as a result ofthe programme. However, notwithstanding this improvement, concern was expressed among newly qualified members that the ICAI was not taking advantage of students’ existing PC knowledge to develop more advanced and integrated programmes which reflect the reality ofthe workplace.
Budgetary Slack in Ireland: An Investigation
Authors: Prendergast Paul
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the relationship between managers’ participation in budgeting, organisational budgetary emphasis, and the task interdependency of managers, on the one hand, and budgetary slack on the other. In conclusive survey results followed up by a series of interviews suggest a complex contingent relationship between participation and slack. Interviews also provided evidence that both the finance department’s power and its business operational understanding are powerful indicators of the amount of slack in an organisation’s budget. It appears that despite motivation and opportunity, managers will be less likely to insert slack where it is probable that the finance department would discover the slack and possibly invoke ridicule or other sanction.
The Impact of Audit Firm Size and Audit Committees on Perceptions of Auditor Independence and Financial Statement Reliability in Ireland
Authors: Gwilliam David , Kilcommins Mary
Published: April 2022

This study reports the results of an investigation of the effects of audit firm size and audit committees on perceptions of auditor independence held by corporate lenders, investment managers and financial analysts in Ireland. The study methodology combined the use of mail questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to allow both breadth of coverage and the opportunity to probe deeper into the nature of the perceptions held. The principal findings of the study were that perceptions of auditor independence were enhanced if the auditor was a member of the Big Six and also if the client had established an audit committee. Although these results were not in themselves unexpected, analysis of the interviews provided further insights into how users of financial statements formed these perceptions and also highlighted a significant minority concern as to the independence and efficacy of non-executive directors serving on audit committees in Ireland.