bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roxadustat (FG4592) alleviates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury by facilitating recovery of intestinal stem cell and reducing damage of intestinal epithelial cell
Authors: Xia Penglin , Yang Yajie , Liu Ruling , Tang Haibo , Du Jicong , Cheng Ying , Cai Jianming , Liu Cong , Xu Xiaohua , Liu Hu
Published: July 2020

Background: Radiation induced-intestinal injury (RIII) is a common complication after radiation therapy in patients with pelvic, abdominal or retroperitoneal tumors. The mechanism of RIII includes radiation-induced death of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and damage of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), among which damage of ISCs is main cause. Most recently, hypoxia Inducible factor (HIF) has been found to have effect on maintaining stemness and promoting proliferation of ISCs, which suggests a protective role of HIF in the RIII. In this study, we investigated the effect of FG4592, a novel up-regulator of HIF, on the protection of RIII, and further researched its function on ISCs.Methods: With/without FG4592 treatment, the abdomen of mice was radiated at dose of 25Gy, and then the degree of intestinal injury was assessed by H&E staining and Brdu label. By intestinal organoid culture, the multiplication capacity and differentiation features of ISCs were detected. Besides, the effects of FG4592 on the radiated IECs were also evaluated by detecting cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation potential.Results: FG4592 could effectively up-regulate the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in vivo. An abdominal radiation of 25Gy established the RIII model of mice, by which FG4592 was verified to have protective effect on the intestine from radiation. Morphology and Brdu test of intestinal organoid showed that FG4592 could promote regeneration and differentiation in ISCs after radiation, which were mediated by up-regulating HIF-2 rather than HIF-1.Conclusion: FG4592, a novel up-regulator of HIF could remit RIII and promote regeneration and differentiation of ISCs after radiation, which were depend on HIF-2 rather than HIF-1.
Mitigating Implicit Bias in Patient-Clinician Communication in Clinical Encounters: Early Insights from the COmmuNity-engaged SimULation Training (CONSULT) Trial
Authors: Tjia Jennifer , Pugnaire Michele , Calista Joanne , Esparza Nancy , Valdman Olga , Garcia Maria , Yazdani Majid , Hale Janet , Terrien Jill , Eisdorfer Ethan , Zolezzi-Wyndham Valerie , Chiriboga Germán , Rappaport Lynley , Puerto Geraldine , Dykhouse Elizabeth , Potts Stacy , Sifuentes Andriana Foiles , Stanhope Sylvia , Allison Jeroan , Duodu Vennesa , Sabin Janice
Published: July 2020

BackgroundTo address the gap in knowledge about how to design feasible and acceptable trainings for clinicians that aim to mitigate implicit bias in clinical encounters, we report the early insights from the COmmuNity-engaged SimULation Training for Blood Pressure Control (CONSULT) Trial.MethodsWe engaged academic and community stakeholders to design, pilot test and implement a training program addressing healthcare disparities knowledge, bias awareness, and communication skills focused on bias mitigation. A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial was developed to determine intervention dose effects. We assessed the CONSULT training program through structured feedback using online surveys, real-time comments, and individualized feedback from trainees, faculty and standardized patients.ResultsThe first training cohort completed the intervention (N = 64). Feedback prompted training program revisions as follows: reducing overall time burden and the number of implicit bias assessments; supplementing on-line learning with augmented in-person interactive sessions. Feedback also reinforced the critical importance of having highly skilled facilitators versed in implicit bias.ConclusionsIterative stakeholder engagement is essential for developing and revising educational interventions aimed at raising bias awareness and mitigating the effects of implicit bias.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 03375918. Registered December 18, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03375918?id=NCT+03375918&draw=2&rank=1
Cellular Compatibility of a New Tantalum-Niobium Scaffold Material
Authors: Ouyang Jianan , Deng Zhenhan , Chen Kang , Xiong Jianyi , Li Ying , Wang Daping , Lu Wei , Zeng Yanjun , Zhu Weimin
Published: July 2020

[Objective] To determine the cellular compatibility of porous tantalum-niobium (Ta-Nb) material. [Method] Rabbit osteoblasts were co-cultured with porous Ta-Nb material. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method, and the cell adhesion was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The expressions of type-I collagen and osteocalcin were detected by RT-PCR assay. [Results] CCK-8 detection indicated that the cell proliferation on the porous Ta-Nb material showed no difference from that of the control group (P>0.05). SEM revealed that a large amount of cells adhered onto the surface and in the pores of the material. The number of cells on the material surface increased obviously over time. RT-PCR assay showed that with the prolonging of the time of co-culture, the expression of type-I collagen was enhanced (P<0.05), while the osteocalcin expression exhibited no significant difference (P>0.05[Conclusion] Porous Ta-Nb scaffold material can be used to promote the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblasts with satisfactory cellular compatibility.
Comparison Between the Nature and Activity of the Silver Nano Particles on Cervical Cancer Cells That Were Produced by the Active and Inactive Fungal Biomass Forms
Authors: Pourali Parastoo , Nouri Mahnaz , Heidari Tana , Kheirkhahan Niloufar , Yahyaei Behrooz
Published: July 2020

Background Biologic nanoparticles can be produced by the active and passive mechanisms but their properties have not been compared to each other and recent research tries to uncover them.Methods Biomass of Fusarium oxysporum was divided into four groups and pretreated in: room temperature (RT) and refrigerator (for preparation the active biomass forms); autoclave and hot air oven instruments (for preparation the inactive biomass forms). Samples were floated in ddH2O and SNPs were produced after addition of 1mmol final concentration of silver nitrate solution. Production of SNPs was confirmed using visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. SNPs were washed and their concentration was determined using ICP measurement. Plate well diffusion method was used for antibacterial activity. MTT and Annexin V-FITC/ propidium iodide assays were used for cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction assays, respectively. Result Results showed that all the four tested samples produced SNPs and had maximum absorbance peaks about 400-450 nm. The produced SNPs had almost same shapes and sizes and XRD results confirmed the presence of SNPs in all the samples. ICP results showed that except the refrigerator incubated sample, the concentration of the SNPs in all the flasks was similar to each other. Due to the differences in the nature of the applied bacterial strains the produced SNPs had some differences in their antibacterial activities. MTT assay results showed that due to lower SNPs concentration of the refrigerator incubated sample they had less toxic effects than the others. Apoptosis induction results revealed that the biologically produced SNPs induced more apoptosis and less necrosis.Conclusion In conclusion, the active and inactive fungal biomass forms produced SNPs that their nature and activity were not altered.
Thrombotic Microangiopathy Score as a New Predictor for Neurologic Outcome in Patients Undergoing Targeted Temperature Management After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Kong Taeyoung , Lee Hye Sun , Jeon Soyoung , Lee Jong Wook , Chung Hyun Soo , Chung Sung Phil , You Je Sung
Published: July 2020

Background: Given the morphological characteristics of schistocytes, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) score can be beneficial as it can be quickly and serially measured without additional effort or costs. This study aimed to investigate whether the serial TMA scores until 48 h post admission are associated with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods:We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 185 patients using a prospective registry. We analyzed the TMA score at admission and after 12, 24, and 48 hours. The primary outcome measures were poor neurologic outcome at discharge and 30-day mortality. Results:Increased TMA scores at all measured time points were independent predictors of poor neurologic outcomes and 30-day mortality, with the TMA score at time-12 showing the strongest correlation (OR, 3.008; 95% CI, 1.707–5.3; p=0.001 and HR, 1.517; 95% CI, 1.196–1.925; p=0.001.Specifically, TMA score ≥2 at time-12 was closely associated with increased predictability of poor neurologic outcome (OR, 6.302; 95% CI: 2.841–13.976; p<0.001) and 30-day mortality (HR, 2.656; 95% CI: 1.675–4.211; p<0.001).Conclusions: Increased TMA scores predicted the neurologic outcome and 30-day mortalityin patients undergoing TTM after OHCA. In addition to the benefit of being quickly and serially measured by using an automated hematology analyzer without additional effort or costs, this finding indicates that the TMA score may be a helpful tool for rapid risk stratification and identification of the need for intensive care in patients with ROSC after OHCA.
Resource Based Theory of Accelerator Programme
Authors: Mohapeloa Matshediso Elizabeth , Mametsi Mmankitseng Lerato
Published: July 2020

Accelerators help accelerate startups through formal education and mentorship connections during intensive, temporally-compressed programmes for a period of three -six months.This paper investigate how Resource Based Theory (RBT) posits accelerators for sustained competitive advantage of startups. Our research question was to determine the value (in terms of resources offered) that accelerators bring to benefit startups that have been through the acceleration programmes. Our focus was to uncover what value gets created by accelerator programme and how. Through this qualitative study we selected a multiple case study method of 5 accelerator programmes in South Africa. For analysis we linked the RBT (tangible and intangible resources) for each accelerator’s entrepreneurial ecosystem, to determine if the phenomenon of the burgeoning accelerator industry can be better understood. Document reviews were explored to determine intended impact that sustain success for startup (technology) companies. Findings revealed that accelerators ensure that fewer startups fail and more SME’s become sustainable into the future. Secondly accelerators help startup companies define and build their initial products. Thirdly upscale is achieved through, identification of promising customer segments. Finally mentorship and accelerator process enhanced and securing resources is strengthening necessary resources available to startups.
Application Of Thrombelastography (TEG) For Evaluation Of Hypercoagulable State In Perioperative Period Of Primary/Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
Authors: Yang Jianye , Zhu Sizheng , Qin Leilei , Wang Jiawei , Huang Jiaxing , Li Feilong , Liang Xi , Huang Wei , Gong Xuan , Hu Ning
Published: July 2020

Background: Questions remain, there are no optimal accurately monitoring methods to assess the changes of coagulability during the perioperative period of arthroplasty especially revision THA. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Hypercoagulable State In Perioperative Period Of Primary/Revision THA by using a novel technique—TEG.Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 333 consecutive patients who underwent primary THA (236) or revision THA (97) and received rivaroxaban anticoagulant therapy at a tertiary academic center. TEG parameters, TEG coagulation status, and incidence of thrombotic events were used for coagulation evaluation.Results: Compared with primary THA, revision THA had consistent statistically significant shortened R times on Pre, POD 1, POD3, POD 5, and POD7(P<0.05) . And the revision THA had consistent statistically significant increased MA than primary THA on Pre, POD 1, POD3, POD 5, and POD7(P<0.05) (Fig.1b). Similarly, compared with primary THA, revision THA had consistent statistically significant increased CI on Pre, POD 1, POD3, POD 5, and POD7(P<0.05) (Fig.1c). Significant differences in the incidence of hypercoagulable status between revision THA and primary THA on POD 1, 3, 5, and 7 ( P<0.05)These results suggested that patients who received revision THA were significantly more likely with hypercoagulable states. The results of the multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that R, MA, CI, operation time, and blood transfusion rate were independent risk factors for patients with postoperative hypercoagulability (P<0.05).Conclusions: Compared with primary THA patients, revision THA patients have a higher incidence of hypercoagulation, which may be related to longer operation time, greater surgical trauma, more intraoperative blood loss, and higher blood transfusion rate. TEG is a sensitive method to detect the evaluation of coagulation in the perioperative period of primary/revision THA. R, MA, and CI were independent risk factors for patients with postoperative hypercoagulability, Which is of great significance for predicting hypercoagulability. In addition, the use of rivaroxaban anticoagulation alone after THA cannot effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative hypercoagulability, especially platelet hypercoagulability and mixed hypercoagulability.
Rational Design for Mn3O4@carbon Foam Nanocomposite with 0D@3D Structure for Boosting Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Yihan Zhu , Wang Dongfeng , Yan Xuehua , Li Yanli , Zhou Wending , Cheng Xiaonong , Geng Baogui
Published: July 2020

A rational strategy was developed to prepare a nanocomposite with 0D/3D architecture. The composite containing Mn3O4 nanoparticles (0D) and carbon foam (3D) could be applied as an electrode material for supercapacitor by taking advantage of high conductivity of carbon foam (CF) and high pseudocapacitance of Mn3O4 nanoparticles. CF was prepared by a carbonization method using melamine foam, and then Mn3O4 nanoparticles were combined with carbon foam by a one-step hydrothermal method to prepare Mn3O4@CF nanocomposite. The 0D@3D hierarchical structure of Mn3O4@CF nanocomposite using CF as a 3D growing skeleton prevents agglomeration and increases reactive sites of Mn3O4 nanoparticles. In addition, CF as a conductive skeleton shortens the charge transfer path. The synergistic effect between CF and Mn3O4 improves the electrochemical performance of CF. Three Mn3O4@CF composites were prepared by adjusting the mass of the reactants in the processes of hydrothermal reaction. The Mn3O4 nanoparticles are uniformly grown on the CF surface with a diameter of 18 nm. Mn3O4@CF-2 composite has a specific capacitance of 212.8 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, which is much higher than that of pristine CF (79.1 F/g) and Mn3O4 (112.7 F/g). The cyclic stability of Mn3O4@CF-2 is retained as 86.1% of initial capacitance after 2000 cycles at the current density of 1 A/g. It proves the feasibility of the as-mentioned strategy and broadens the application of carbon foam in supercapacitor.
A Case Report of A Giant Parathyroid Adenoma Presenting with A Brown Tumor
Authors: Enomoto Katsuhisa , Fukumoto Satsuki , Osaka Eiji , Kusumi Yoshiaki , Tada Keiichiro
Published: July 2020

Background: Giant parathyroid adenoma presenting with a brown tumor is considered extremely rare.Case Presentation: A 21-year-old woman presented to the clinic with persistent pain in her right knee. A radiographic examination showed an osteolytic lesion in her right tibia. Blood laboratory tests revealed that serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone were increased significantly. Physical examination showed a 3-cm, firm, immovable lump in her neck. Ultrasonography of the patient’s neck revealed a 3.5-cm, well-circumscribed mass with a homogeneous internal texture. Computed tomography also showed a localized tumor with clear margins. The 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy showed a hot spot in the right inferior gland. Based on these findings we judged that she had giant parathyroid adenoma presenting with a brown tumor. We ruled out the possibility of carcinoma based on image studies. We performed a parathyroidectomy via a small incision. The excised parathyroid gland weighed 10.3 g. The patient’s postoperative course was unremarkable. Conclusions: Giant parathyroid adenoma presenting with a brown tumor is extremely rare. Accordingly, the differentiation between giant adenoma and parathyroid carcinoma is crucial. However, we could rule out the possibility of carcinoma based on imaging studies, including ultrasonography and computed tomography. As a result, we performed successful parathyroidectomy with a small incision.
Safety and Efficacy for Robot-Assisted Versus Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Meta-Analysis of Multiple Worldwide Centers
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang jian wei , Che Xu
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy with that of laparotomy.Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched for literature available from their respective inception dates up to May 2020 to find studies comparing robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) with open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD). The RevMan 5.3 statistical software was used for analysis to evaluate surgical outcome and oncology safety. The combination ratio (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed effect or random effect models.Results: 18 cohort studies from 16 medical centers were eligible with a total of 5795 patients including 1420 RPD group patients and 4375 OPD group patients. The RPD group fared better than the OPD group in terms of estimated blood loss (EBL) (WMD =-175.65, 95% CI (-251.85, -99.44), P<0.00001), wound infection rate (RR=0.60, 95%CI (0.44,0.81), P= 0.001), reoperation rate (RR=0.61, 95%CI (0.41,0.91), P=0.02), hospital day (WMD = -2.95, 95% CI (-5.33,-0.56), P = 0.02), intraoperative blood transfusion (RR = 0.56, 95% CI(0.42, 0.76), P=0.0001), overall complication (RR = 0.78, 95% CI(0.64,0.95), P = 0.01), and clinical pancreatic fistula (PF) (RR = 0.54, 95% CI(0.41,0.70), P < 0.0001). In terms of lymph node clearance (WMD = 0.48, 95% CI(-2.05,3.02), P = 0.71), R0 rate (RR = 1.05, 95% CI(1.00,1.11), P = 0.05), postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) (RR=1, 95% CI(0.85,1.19), P = 0.97), bile leakage (RR = 0.99, 95% CI(0.54,1.83), P = 0.98), delayed gastric emptying (DGE) (RR = 0.79, 95% CI(0.60,1.03), P = 0.08), mortality (RR = 0.82, 95% CI(0.62,1.10), P=0.19), and severe complication (RR = 0.98, 95% CI(0.71,1.36), P = 0.91), there were no significant differences between the two groups. Laparoscopic surgery was inferior to open surgery in terms of operational time (WMD = 80.85, 95% CI (16.09,145.61), P=0.01).Conclusions: RPD is not inferior to OPD, and it is even more advantageous for DGE, wound infection rate, reoperation rate, hospital stay, transfusion, overall complication and clinical PF. However, these findings need to be further verified by high-quality randomized controlled trials.
Do Correlates of Handgrip Strength Among the Elderly Ghanaian Population Matter? Empirical Evidence from WHO-SAGE Wave 1 Survey
Authors: Simmons Sally Sonia , Junior John Elvis Hagan , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Schack Thomas
Published: July 2020

Background: Recent empirical evidence suggests variations in handgrip strength in the elder years of life depending on multiple parameters, but such evidence is lacking in Ghana. The study determines what multiple factors are associated with handgrip strength among the older population in Ghana. Method: Using data from the World Health organisation Global Ageing and Adult Health Survey (SAGE) Wave 1, four thousand, five hundred and ninety-six Ghanaians aged 50 and above years were selected through a multistage sampling technique in the country. Results: It was revealed that handgrip strength decreased with age and on the average was lower among females. Older females had a weaker handgrip strength than their male counterparts. Handgrip strength was higher among persons who were not suffering from hypertension or arthritis. Additionally, weight (Model 1, [left hand {ꞵ= 0.95, p<0.01}, right hand {ꞵ=0.18, p<0.01}]); Model 2, [left hand {ꞵ=0.59, p<0.01}, right hand {ꞵ=0.01, p<0.001}]) and height (Model 1, [left hand {ꞵ= 0.04, p<0.01}, right hand {ꞵ=0.45, p<0.01}]); Model 2, [left hand {ꞵ=0.38, p<0.01}, right hand {ꞵ=0.03, p<0.001}]) were associated with increased grip strength. Conclusions: Older adults’ physical deterioration is inevitable because of structural and functional musculoskeletal limitations due to ageing. Hence, a timely identiﬁcation of those at risk for appropriate intervention to promote their healthy living is necessary.
Equilibration of quantum cat states
Authors: Jin Tony
Published: July 2020

We study the equilibration properties of isolated ergodic quantum
systems initially prepared in a cat state, i.e a macroscopic
quantum superposition of states. Our main result consists in showing
that, even though decoherence is at work in the mean, there exists
a remnant of the initial quantum coherences visible in the
strength of the fluctuations of the steady state. We back-up our analysis
with numerical results obtained on the XXX spin chain with a random
field along the z-axis in the ergodic regime and find good qualitative
and quantitative agreement with the theory. We also present and discuss
a framework where equilibrium quantities can be computed from general
statistical ensembles without relying on microscopic details about
the initial state, akin to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
HİCRİ BİRİNCİ ASIRDA FIKHIN TEDVÎNİ VE FUAT SEZGİN’İN TESPİTLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: OKUR Hüseyin
Published: July 2020

İslam hukuk literatürüne dair günümüze ulaşan eserler, müstakil mezheplerin kuruluş dönemine denk gelen hicri II. asrın ortalarından itibaren görülmeye başlanmıştır. Hicri I. asırda telif edildiği bilinen ve sonraki döneme kaynaklık ettiği düşünülen eserler ise oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu dönemde telifatın az olmasının önemli sebepleri arasında, ilmi faaliyetlerin ve eğitim-öğretimin daha ziyade şifahî gelenek yoluyla mümkün olabileceğine ve bu dönemde kitap telif etmenin bazı sakıncalarının bulunduğuna dair kanaatlerin bulunmasıdır. Tabi bu durumun sosyal ve ekonomik sebepleri de yok değildir. Ayrıca bu dönemde yaşayan bazı müelliflerin kitap yazımı hakkındaki kişisel kanaatleri de telif faaliyetlerinin kemiyetinde etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışmada fıkıh ekollerinin kuruluş aşaması olan h. II. asra ait bilinen derlemelerin öncesindeki mevcut fıkıh literatürüne genel bir bakış hedeflenmiş ve bu döneme ait yazınsal faaliyetler hakkındaki Fuat Sezgin’in tespitleri incelenmiştir.
Preventive maintenance of taper bearing using Arduino in the application of industry 4.0
Authors: Subekti Subekti , Pranoto Hadi , Salmon Beni Rukasah , Yusuf Setyo Qomarudin , Suyadiyanto Suyadiyanto , Ariyadi Ari Slamet , Hamid Abdul
Published: July 2020

The maintenance of industrial tools is very important to support production. Therefore, many companies apply preventive maintenance. A national industrialization agenda discussed that it is crucial especially in the manufacturing industry. The battery-powered IoT sensing device is capable of thorough monitoring of industrial machinery enabling the development of sophisticated predictive maintenance applications under set scenarios. In this paper, we applied the concept of the Internet of Thing (IoT) system using LabVIEW via Arduino. The research method used in this study was similar to Susanto et al. (2019) namely Frequency Response Function (FRF) test to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a mechanic structure to identifying damages on X, Y, and Z axes of tapered bearing using harmonic vibration from handphones. Results of FRF and Labview via Ardunio were then compared to identify the results of measurement using LabView via Arduino. It was found much noise in the measurement occupying Labview Via Ardunio because its system does not use a filter like the one in FFT Analyser. However, in general, LabVIEW via Ardunia can predict damages in taper bearing. It is because, under broken condition, there was a two-time movement of natural frequencies from good condition.
Problems of creating a promising biaxial bogie of a shunting diesel locomotive
Authors: Kosmodamianskiy A. S. , Vorob’ev V. I. , Kapustin M. Yu. , Izmerov O. V. , Shevchenko D. N.
Published: July 2020

Recently, in domestic and foreign practice, shunting and industrial diesel locomotives with hydraulic transmission are replaced by diesel locomotives with electric transmission and the number of axles from 2 to 4, which allows reducing the cost of fuel and repair. Accordingly, the problem arises of creating a biaxial bogie of a shunting diesel locomotive with power transmission, as much as possible unified with a triaxial non-pedestal bogie with a wheel diameter of 1050 mm. The analysis of a possible version of a biaxial shunting diesel locomotive revealed the insufficiency of the existing scientific backlog for a rational choice of design solutions. The need has been established to conduct research on irregularities of access tracks of industrial enterprises to determine the effect of dynamic unloading of diesel locomotive axles on coupling properties and to study its horizontal dynamics by modeling methods with experimental verification of the result on diesel locomotives already produced in order to determine typical options for cross-link nodes between the bogie and the body. For a traction drive with a rigid gear wheel, when assessing the load of nodes under the action of a dynamic moment in the drive, it is impossible to accept the assumption of the shockless nature of the processes in the traction drive and neglect the wheel slippage along the rail, which makes it impossible to correctly model dynamic processes in the drive, and to use previously known empirical regularities for the design of suspension devices for traction electric motors fail according to the layout of the nodes. In order to reduce possible errors in the design of a new individual traction drive for shunting diesel locomotives in conditions of insufficient scientific reserve, it is proposed to choose the option with an elastic gear wheel and suspension with articulated movable links already tested on mainline diesel locomotives that do not have special shock-absorbing elements. Variants of such a suspension are proposed, in which the traction motors are moved relative to the bogie frame with a short length between the axes of the upper and lower hinges, as well as the possibility of its unification with pendulum and spring traverse suspensions. A patent for an invention and two patents for a utility model were obtained for the proposed solutions.
НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я В СУЧАСНИХ РЕАЛІЯХ
Authors: Чурпій І. К. , Чурпій Н. В. , Чурпій К. Л.
Published: July 2020

Резюме. У даній статті розкрито теоретичні засади нормативно-правового забезпечення системи охорони здоров’я України.

На даному етапі сфера охорони здоров’я виконує покладені на неї функції перш за все за рахунок фінансування і державного регулювання. У основі останнього лежить нормативно-правова база, що визначає правове положення органів, установ і посадових осіб у галузі охорони здоров’я.

Все більше і більше поряд з державними і комунальними лікувальними закладамми почали появлятися приватні лікувальні установи. Перетворення комунальних закладів охорони здоров`я в комунальні неприбуткові підприємства, поява добровільного страхування працівників підприємства на випадок травми або окремих  захворюваннь, потребує реформування управлінських структур охорони здоров`я. Однак, однією з умов реформування охорони здоровя має бути керівна роль держави в даному процесі функціонування медичної галузі в країні.

Для здійснення державного управління у медичній галузі використовуються адміністративні-правові, економічні, соціально-психологічні методи.

В статті проведено аналіз нормативно-правового забезпечення системи охорони здоров`я з метою забезпечити громадян доступною та ефективною медициною.

Висновки. 1. На етапі реформування галузі медицини виникає необхідність в формуванні чіткої термінології в прийнятих законодавчих актах, для злагодженої роботи медичного закладу в подальшому.

Для створення конкуренто спроможної медичної галузі з надання медичної допомоги на різних рівнях (первинному, вторинному, третинному), необхідно мати лікувальні заклади різної форми власності: державна, комунальна, приватна.

Для правомірного забезпечення надання медичних послуг потрібно збільшити освіченість громадян щодо принципів надання медичної допомоги.
РАННЯ МОБІЛІЗАЦІЯ КАРДІОХІРУРГІЧНИХ ПАЦІЄНТІВ: ПЕРЕШКОДИ ВИКОНАННЯ, ПРОТОКОЛИ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ
Authors: Вітомський В. ‌В.
Published: July 2020

Резюме. Мета: за даними досліджень визначити сучасні положення про ранню мобілізацію кардіохірургічних пацієнтів, перешкоди до її виконання, особливості практичної реалізації та ефективність.

Матеріали і методи дослідження: дана робота є результатом аналізу та порівняння результатів досліджень, присвячених проблемі ранньої мобілізації пацієнтів після кардіохірургічних втручань у рамках програм фізичної терапії.

Результати. Переваги ранньої мобілізації пацієнтів після кардіохірургічних втручань асоціюють з зменшенням рівня ризику емболій, поліпшенням очищення дихальних шляхів та профілактикою розвитку пневмонії, зменшенням рівня декондиціонування та скороченням тривалості перебування пацієнта у лікарні.

До бар'єрів на шляху виконання ранньої мобілізації відносять ті, котрі пов’язані з пацієнтом (стан пацієнта, біль, ожиріння, седація, делірій, обладнання для моніторингу стану), а також недостатність персоналу, відсутність протоколу, мультидисциплінарного підходу, недостатня оплата персоналу, незрозумілі ролі та відповідальність, ризики для виконавців.

Середні критерії ранньої мобілізації кардіохірургічних пацієнтів наразі відзначаються тим, що у перший післяопераційний день пацієнти сидять та стоять з контролем фізичного терапевта; на другий – ходять у палаті або на невелику відстань у коридорі; третій день – збільшують відстань ходьби.

Дослідниками підтверджено різноманітність методик, що використовуються для мобілізації, а також періоди, котрі розглядаються як ранні. Переваги між різними протоколами ранньої мобілізації не відзначаються. Водночас є дослідження, котрі не знаходять позитивних ефектів від ранньої мобілізації.

Висновки. Питання корисності ранньої мобілізації є не вирішеним до кінця. У літературі присутні як підтвердження, так і спростування ефективності. Якість та кількість досліджень також є недостатньою.
ПРОКАЛЬЦІТОНІН: ЛАБОРАТОРНО-ДІАГНОСТИЧНИЙ МАРКЕР ГНІЙНО-СЕПТИЧНИХ УСКЛАДНЕНЬ ГОСТРОГО НЕКРОТИЧНОГО ПАНКРЕАТИТА
Authors: Ротар О. В. , Хомяк І. В. , Сидорчук Р. І. , Ротар В. І. , Кнут Р. П.
Published: July 2020

Мета.  Провести оцінку ефективності прокальцитоніна для діагностики та прогнозування ускладнень гострого некротичного панкреатиту.

Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 151 хворого на гострий некротичний панкреатит. Проводили клінічні, бактеріологічні та інструментальні методи дослідження. У плазмі крові визначали прокальцитонін.

Результати та їх обговорення. Інфікування некротичних тканин діагностували у 89 (55,6%) із 151  пацієнта: зокрема, локальні гнійні ускладнення в 27, сепсис – у 33,  септичний шок – у 29 випадках. У 62 осіб із стерильним некротичними скупченнями концентрація прокальцитоніну перевищувала показники здорових осіб і становила в середньому 1,34±0,19 нг/мл (p>0,05). Розвиток гнійно-септичних ускладнень супроводжувалося  підвищенням концентрації прокальцитоніну до 4,47±0,67 нг/мл (p<0,01): у хворих із сепсисом до 5,05±0,92 нг/мл і септичним шоком  - до 7,25±2,15 нг/мл.

Висновок. Рівень прокальцитоніна більше 1,84 нг/мл у плазмі крові  хворих на гострий некротичний панкреатит дозволяє з високою чутливість і клінічною специфічністю діагностувати розвиток гнійно-септичних ускладнень. Ступінь підвищення  прокальцитоніна в плазмі крові корелює з тяжкістю стану пацієнтів і прогнозом захворювання, рівень вище 4,0 нг/мл є прогностично несприятливим щодо виживання і відповідає 16 балам за шкалою APACHE II (чутливість 72,24%, специфічність 78,12%).
ПІДХІД ДО ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄКТИВНОГО СТРУКТУРОВАНОГО КЛІНІЧНОГО ІСПИТУ (ОСКІ) ЗІ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ 221 «СТОМАТОЛОГІЯ»
Authors: Бугерчук О. В. , Бульбук О. І. , Бульбук О. В.
Published: July 2020

Резюме. Педагогічне оцінювання означає низку процесів, які використовуються для визначення того, що студент знає, розуміє та вміє. Підсумкове оцінювання проводиться в кінці навчальної програми і покликане визначити, наскільки студент досяг цілей навчальної програми. Постанова КМУ від 28.03.2018 року №334 «Про затвердження Порядку здійснення єдиного державного кваліфікаційного іспиту для здобувачів ступеня вищої освіти магістр за спеціальностями галузі знань «22 Охорона здоров’я» зобов’язує медичні заклади вищої освіти проводити атестацію здобувачів за освітньо-кваліфікаційним рівнем «Магістр» у формі єдиного державного кваліфікаційного іспиту (ЄДКІ), який складається з таких компонентів як інтегрований тестовий іспит (КРОК-1, КРОК-2); об’єктивний структурований клінічний іспит (ОСКІ); іспит з англійської мови професійного спрямування. Рішення про присвоєння освітньо-кваліфікаційного рівня ступеня магістра та відповідної кваліфікації приймається екзаменаційною комісією на підставі успішного проходження всіх форм атестації.
Об’єктивний структурований клінічний іспит (Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)) – сучасний тип оцінки практичних знань та вмінь студентів, що призначений для перевірки набуття ними клінічної майстерності та компетентностей, які неможливо оцінити традиційними формами іспитів. Проведення ОСКІ вперше є складним завданням, що потребує значної концентрації сил і часу у співробітників університету, стоматологічного факультету ІФНМУ та випускових кафедр. Вимагає розуміння основоположних освітніх принципів ОСКІ. У роботі висвітлено етапи проєктування та планування іспиту зі спеціальності 221 «Стоматологія», основні напрацювання, аналіз проблем, що виникли, та завдання для забезпечення якості та стандартизації ОСКІ.
Economic and social impacts of channeling investments towards development areas Low Humanity Case Study of Zalam Factories in Huraman Region - Kurdistan Region
Authors: Ahmed Ammar Shihab , Qader Ahmed Ismaeel
Published: July 2020

The investment is one of the most important channels used by the states for the promote economic development.Investment is a crucially important for many states in developing regions, thereby contributing directly and indirectly ofproviding the region's opportunities for new employment, and that leads to the development of skills of workers from thearea, especially if the investment is based on modern technology as well as is influential in economic and social aspectsdirectly. Furthermore, this activity creates a forehand and background linkages between economic sectors, as well ascontribute increase in benefit indirectly.In this sense, the government's role is clear in directing and allocating those investments to the leastdeveloped areas in order to achieve economic and human development through follow distributional policies investmentswhich is prepared by the Investment Authority.
The empirical result shows that Project (Subject of the study) have a positive contribution to the nationalincome and add-Value of gross product by (10.323) and (12.154) million dollars a year, respectively. This study alsofound that investment had a positive effect on Job creation and providing 119 jobs for local residents. Lastly, TheKurdistan region government should adopt a comprehensive plan and provide essential services to encourage localinvestors in the less developed regions and impose conditions on the investment in order to give job opportunities to thelocal residents, which are contributes to the economic and human development.
Employ information technology capabilities in building a data warehouse Organization
Authors: Al-Shahir Ali Abdul Fatah
Published: July 2020

The researcher seeks in their first step of their paper to find on concept of information technology capabilities and statement types. After exhibiting the views of the writers and the researchers concerning about them.                                                                                                          

     As a second step, they present their proceeding concept for information technology capabilities.                                                                                    

     The third step seeks to show the concept of a data warehouse and characteristics of the organization, and in the light of the views of writers and researchers as well, And ended committed to the concept of procedural to the data warehouse, as well as the data warehouse architecture and data modeling process it.

     The fourth step was to stand up to the reality of information technology capabilities in the company surveyed using the checklist as a tool to collect data and information. As well as the proposal of a model for building a data warehouse in the Home Furniture Company. The researcher reached to a number of conclusions, mainly the possibility of building a data warehouse in the company surveyed, because it will help in achieving client satisfaction through low times to provide information after they take a long time, due to the system's ability to store data and information type and quantity and in an orderly fashion, as well as non- a redundancy in data collection and entry and processing.

     In light of this, the researcher presented his proposals that demonstrated the most important expand reliance on electronic systems, and address weaknesses in the IT infrastructure, as well as the need to conduct new research in other organizations to draw the attention of the departments of the importance of the data warehouse as that can contribute to the success of their organizations.
The Role of Administrative Intelligence in the Phases of Bank Credit Decision Making: An Exploratory Study of the Sample of Managers in a Number of Branches of Private Banks Operating in Duhok and Erbil
Authors: Ismael Hadi Khalil , Tofiq Hozan Tahseen
Published: July 2020

هدف البحث إلى الكشف عن دور الذكاء الإداري في مراحل صنع قرار الائتمان المصرفي. حيث تناول البحث أربعة أبعاد للذكاء الإداري, وهي: الرؤية، السلوك الذكي، أسلوب الإتصال، والتغذية العكسية بهدف اختبار علاقتها مع مراحل صنع قرار الائتمان المصرفي،   استخدمت الاستبانة لجمع بيانات الجانب الميداني حيث وزعت على المديرين في (20) من فروع المصارف  الاهلية العاملة ضمن محافظة دهوك واربيل وفروعها ، وبلغ عدد افراد العينة (90) من المديرين في تلك المصارف  .استخدمت عدة ادوات احصائية لاختبار فرضيات الدراسة ومنها النسب المئوية  والتوزيعات التكرارية والمتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية وتحليل الانحدار البسيط والمتعدد .

تمثلت الاستنتاجات الرئيسة بوجود علاقات ارتباط معنوية موجبة بين أبعاد الذكاء الإداري ومراحل صنع قرار الائتمان المصرفي ووجود علاقات تاثيرية معنوية موجبة بينهما. تضمنت الدراسة عدد من التوصيات للمصارف المبحوثة تساهم في كيفية تعزيز مستويات الذكاء الإداري لدى إداراتها, وكذلك ترشيدها لكيفية صنع قرارات الائتمان المصرفي بشكل أفضل  ومنها العمل على تعزيز معارف, ومهارات الذكاء الإداري لدى المديرين في المصارف المبحوثة, وبخاصة الذين يتخذون قرارات الائتمان المصرفي من خلال إشراكهم في الدورات التدريبية, وان تركز هذه الدورات على إكسابهم المعرفة والمهارات في المجالات وضع الرؤية المستقبلية لتوجهات المصارف, وكيفية نشرها بين العاملين واقناعهم بها واتخاذ السلوك الذكي الذي يسمح للمدير بأن يرتقي إلى مستويات أعلى من الإنجاز ليصبح قدوة لمرؤوسيه.
Sorani Kurdish and Minimalism
Authors: Gharib Hiba Esmail
Published: July 2020

Sorani is a dialect of Kurdish that is spoken in many countries of the world. In Sorani there is an agreement marker that appears on the verb and makes the verb agrees with the subject in person and number. A close examination of the nature of the agreement marker in Sorani shows that it is not obvious whether it is a suffix or a clitic. In this research I will discuss the properties of the affixes and clitics in general, and then apply them to the data in Sorani to decide whether the agreement marker is an affix or a clitic. The agreement marker in Sorani in the past tense verbs requires reconsideration as in the past tense; the agreement marker appears on the object instead of the verb. Subject agreement in Sorani is considered a challenge to the syntactic theories as there is no good explanation available to understand this phenomenon. In my research will explore the nature of this agreement marker as this would be the key to explaining the agreement phenomenon in Sorani.
Guarantees of Peace in the Holy Quran and Sunnah
Authors: Ahmad Aso Raza
Published: July 2020

يعتبر مفهوم السلم في الوقت الحاضر من المسائل المهمة، لكونه يمس حياة الناس وراحتهم وطبيعة علاقات بعضهم ببعض. والناظر لنصوص القرآن والسنة يجد أن السلم ومشتقاته قد أخذ حيزاً كبيراً فيه، مستخدماً أساليب عدة من الترغيب والترهيب والأمر والنهي وغيره من الأساليب، كل ذلك للدلالة على أهمية السلم في الإسلام بمصدريه الرئيسيين (القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية).

ولكي يبرهن الإسلام أن نصوصه ليس مجرد حبر على ورق، بل وضع للتنفيذ والتحقيق، وليجعل الإسلام مفهوم السلام واقعاً يعيشه الناس ويجنون ثماره ويستمتعون به، وضع أمام الناس مجموعة من التدابير والضمانات التي تكفل تحقيق السلام في حياة الناس.

 ولهذا فقد أحببت أن أكتب بحثاً في الموضوع، وسميته (ضمانات تحقيق السلم في نصوص القرآن الكريم  والسنة النبوية). وقد ذكرت فيه ما ألهمني الله تعالى من هذه الضمانات، مستشهداً بالآيات الكريمة والأحاديث الصحيحة وأقوال علمائنا الكرام الذين بحثوا في الموضوع.
Association of Search Query Interest in Gastrointestinal Symptoms With COVID-19 Diagnosis in the United States: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Rajan Anjana , Sharaf Ravi , Brown Robert S , Sharaiha Reem Z , Lebwohl Benjamin , Mahadev SriHari
Published: July 2020

Background

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a novel viral illness that has rapidly spread worldwide. While the disease primarily presents as a respiratory illness, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea have been reported in up to one-third of confirmed cases, and patients may have mild symptoms that do not prompt them to seek medical attention. Internet-based infodemiology offers an approach to studying symptoms at a population level, even in individuals who do not seek medical care.

Objective

This study aimed to determine if a correlation exists between internet searches for gastrointestinal symptoms and the confirmed case count of COVID-19 in the United States.

Methods

The search terms chosen for analysis in this study included common gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Furthermore, the search terms fever and cough were used as positive controls, and constipation was used as a negative control. Daily query shares for the selected symptoms were obtained from Google Trends between October 1, 2019 and June 15, 2020 for all US states. These shares were divided into two time periods: pre–COVID-19 (prior to March 1) and post–COVID-19 (March 1-June 15). Confirmed COVID-19 case numbers were obtained from the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering data repository. Moving averages of the daily query shares (normalized to baseline pre–COVID-19) were then analyzed against the confirmed disease case count and daily new cases to establish a temporal relationship.

Results

The relative search query shares of many symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and constipation, remained near or below baseline throughout the time period studied; however, there were notable increases in searches for the positive control symptoms of fever and cough as well as for diarrhea. These increases in daily search queries for fever, cough, and diarrhea preceded the rapid rise in number of cases by approximately 10 to 14 days. The search volumes for these terms began declining after mid-March despite the continued rises in cumulative cases and daily new case counts.

Conclusions

Google searches for symptoms may precede the actual rises in cases and hospitalizations during pandemics. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, this study demonstrates that internet search queries for fever, cough, and diarrhea increased prior to the increased confirmed case count by available testing during the early weeks of the pandemic in the United States. While the search volumes eventually decreased significantly as the number of cases continued to rise, internet query search data may still be a useful tool at a population level to identify areas of active disease transmission at the cusp of new outbreaks.
Anxiety and internet searches before percutaneous ultrasound-guided diagnostic procedures (Preprint)
Authors: Meira Marcio , Bitencourt Almir Galvão Vieira , Travesso Demian Jungklaus , Chojniak Rubens , Barbosa Paula Nicole Vieira Pinto
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Percutaneous image-guided procedures are among the most widely-used medical innovations. With the advent of the Internet, a profusion of information has become widely available, however, the reliability of its content is a relevant concern.

OBJECTIVE

Our study investigated anxiety in patients before undergoing ultrasound (US)-guided invasive procedures and its association with patient assessments of information provided by referring physicians and complementary sources of information, specifically the Internet.

METHODS

Patients undergoing US-guided invasive elective procedures completed two questionnaires. Before the procedure, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied. After the intervention, another questionnaire that addressed sociodemographic characteristics and assessments of online information was administered.

RESULTS

One hundred thirty-three patients were evaluated. Higher anxiety scores were significantly observed in female patients (P < 0.001), in those who believe they had received inadequate information from the referring physician (P = 0.002), and in those who assessed the online information to be unreliable (P = 0.002) or difficult to access (P = 0.025). Patients who defined themselves as proactive in online searching reported lower anxiety (P = 0.044).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results show that the profile of an anxious patient before an US-guided invasive intervention can be established. Information about the procedure, whether provided by the doctor or available on the internet, is also directly related to anxious states.