bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma investigação sobre o marketing de inﬂuência
Authors: Oliveira Carlos , Pascoal Lívian , Veloso Luisa , Lima Victor , Viana Letícia
Published: September 2021

Com bilhões de usuários em todo o mundo, as redes sociais têm sido cada vez mais utilizadas para a compra e venda de produtos e serviços. Alguns desses usuários, os inﬂuenciadores digitais, têm muitos "seguidores"nessas redes. Esses seguidores são usuários que acompanham as postagens dos inﬂuenciadores digitais. Algumas dessas postagens são divulgações de produtos e serviços. Apesar de diversas empresas utilizarem as postagens dos inﬂuenciadores como estratégia de marketing, um relatório recente mostra que a taxa de conversão em vendas dessas postagens é baixa. Então, é necessário entender o que leva os usuários a comprar ou deixar de comprar produtos/serviços divulgados por esses inﬂuenciadores. Nesta pesquisa utilizamos um questionário com 548 pessoas que fazem compras em redes sociais para entender quais fatores as fazem comprar ou deixar de comprar a partir das postagens dos inﬂuenciadores. Os resultados iniciais mostram que esses fatores estão relacionados as seguintes características do inﬂuenciador (1) credibilidade (ou falta dela), (2) ser especialista (ou não) no produto/serviço que está divulgando, (3) carisma (ou falta dela) e, (4) não passar a impressão para o seguidor que está postando apenas porque está sendo pago. Estamos realizando algumas entrevistas para entender como os usuários identiﬁcam essas características a partir dos dados que estão disponíveis nas redes sociais. Por uma questão de espaço, a análise desses dados (dos questionários e entrevistas) será divulgado posteriormente. Esses dados nos permitirão implementar um processo para ajudar a decidir quais inﬂuenciadores digitais devem ser convidados para divulgar determinados produtos/serviços de forma a maximizar as vendas.
Evaluation of Landslide Susceptibility of Şavşat District of Artvin Province (Turkey) Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Akinci Halil , Zeybek Mustafa , Dogan Sedat
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to produce landslide susceptibility maps of Şavşat district of Artvin Province using machine learning (ML) models and to compare the predictive performances of the models used. Tree-based ensemble learning models, including random forest (RF), gradient boosting machines (GBM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were used in the study. A landslide inventory map consisting of 85 landslide polygons was used in the study. The inventory map comprises 32,777 landslide pixels at 30 m resolution. Randomly selected 70% of the landslide pixels were used for training the models and the remaining 30% were used for the validation of the models. In susceptibility analysis, altitude, aspect, curvature, distance to drainage network, distance to faults, distance to roads, land cover, lithology, slope, slope length, and topographic wetness index parameters were used. The validation of the models was conducted using success and prediction rate curves. The validation results showed that the success rates for the GBM, RF, and XGBoost models were 91.6%, 98.4%, and 98.6%, respectively, whereas the prediction rate were 91.4%, 97.9%, and 98.1%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that landslide susceptibility map produced with XGBoost model can help decision makers in reducing landslide-associated damages in the study area.
Cancer-related Emergency Department Visits: Comparing Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Nene Rahul , Brennan Jesse , Castillo Edward , Tran Peter , Hsia Renee , Coyne Christopher
Published: September 2021

Introduction: There is increasing appreciation of the challenges of providing safe and appropriate care to cancer patients in the emergency department (ED). Our goal here was to assess which patient characteristics are associated with more frequent ED revisits.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all ED visits in California during the 2016 calendar year using data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. We defined revisits as a return visit to an ED within seven days of the index visit. For both index and return visits, we assessed various patient characteristics, including age, cancer type, medical comorbidities, and ED disposition.

Results: Among 12.9 million ED visits, we identified 73,465 adult cancer patients comprising 103,523 visits that met our inclusion criteria. Cancer patients had a 7-day revisit rate of 17.9% vs 13.2% for non-cancer patients. Cancer patients had a higher rate of admission upon 7-day revisit (36.7% vs 15.6%). Patients with cancers of the small intestine, stomach, and pancreas had the highest rate of 7-day revisits (22-24%). Cancer patients younger than 65 had a higher 7-day revisit rate than the elderly (20.0% vs 16.2%).

Conclusion: In a review of all cancer-related ED visits in the state of California, we found a variety of characteristics associated with a higher rate of 7-day ED revisits. Our goal in this study was to inform future research to identify interventions on the index visit that may improve patient outcomes.
National Survey of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Scholarly Tracks in Emergency Medicine Residency Programs
Authors: Alerhand Stephen , Situ-Lacasse Elaine , Ramdin Christine , Gottlieb Michael
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Residency scholarly tracks are educational programs, designed to help trainees develop an area of expertise. Although the breadth of residency point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) education has developed considerably in recent years, there is no literature to date describing scholarly tracks specifically in POCUS. In this study we sought to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of POCUS scholarly tracks in emergency medicine (EM).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of EM residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Surveys were distributed between March-August 2020 using a listserv followed by targeted emails to residency and ultrasound leadership. We summarized data using descriptive statistics, and performed logistic regression to identify factors associated with a POCUS scholarly track.

Results: Of 267 residency programs 199 (74.5%) completed the survey. Fifty-seven (28.6%) had a POCUS scholarly track as of the 2019-2020 academic year. Scholarly tracks in POCUS were more common in university-based/academic sites and larger residency programs. Of the 57 programs with POCUS scholarly tracks, 48 (84.2%) required residents to present at least one POCUS lecture, 45 (78.9%) required residents to serve as instructor at a hands-on workshop, and 42 (73.7%) required residents to participate in quality assurance of departmental POCUS scans. Only 28 (49.1%) tracks had a structured curriculum, and 26 (45.6%) required POCUS research. In total, 300 EM residents completed a POCUS scholarly track over the past three academic years, with a median of 4 (2-9) per program. Seventy-five (25.0%) proceeded to a clinical ultrasound fellowship after residency graduation, with a median of 1 (interquartile range 0-2) per program. A total of 139 POCUS-specific abstracts (median 2 [0-3]) and 80 peer-reviewed manuscripts (median 1 [0-2]) were published by scholarly track residents over the past three years.

Conclusion: This survey study describes the current prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of POCUS scholarly tracks across EM residency programs. The results may inform the decisions of residency programs to create these tracks.
Mortality Variations of COVID-19 from Different Hospital Settings During Different Pandemic Phases: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Chou Eric , Wang Chih-Hung , Tsai Chu-Lin , Garrett John , Bhakta Toral , Shedd Andrew , Hassani Dahlia , Risch Robert , d’Etienne James , Ogola Gerald , Ma Matthew , Lu Tsung-Chien , Wang Hao
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Diverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortalities have been reported but focused on identifying susceptible patients at risk of more severe disease or death. This study aims to investigate the mortality variations of COVID-19 from different hospital settings during different pandemic phases.

Methods: We retrospectively included adult (≥18 years) patients who visited emergency departments (ED) of five hospitals in the state of Texas and who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March–November 2020. The included hospitals were dichotomized into urban and suburban based on their geographic location. The primary outcome was mortality that occurred either during hospital admission or within 30 days after the index ED visit. We used multivariable logistic regression to investigate the associations between independent variables and outcome. Generalized additive models were employed to explore the mortality variation during different pandemic phases.

Results: A total of 1,788 adult patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were included in the study. The median patient age was 54.6 years, and 897 (50%) patients were male. Urban hospitals saw approximately 59.5% of the total patients. A total of 197 patients died after the index ED visit. The analysis indicated visits to the urban hospitals (odds ratio [OR] 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41, 3.23), from March to April (OR 2.04, 95% CI, 1.08, 3.86), and from August to November (OR 2.15, 95% CI, 1.37, 3.38) were positively associated with mortality.

Conclusion: Visits to the urban hospitals were associated with a higher risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 when compared to visits to the suburban hospitals. The mortality risk rebounded and showed significant difference between urban and suburban hospitals since August 2020. Optimal allocation of medical resources may be necessary to bridge this gap in the foreseeable future.
WestJEM Will No Longer Use the Term “Provider” to Refer to Physicians
Authors: Phillips Andrew , Lotfipour Shahram , Langdorf Mark
Published: September 2021

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Attitudes of parents of typically developing children towards the inclusion of children with disabilities
Authors: Tomić Ivana , Nikolić Milena
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Successful implementation of inclusive education, among other things, depends on the attitudes of the participants in the process itself. Although teachers are considered a key factor in the implementation of inclusion, the role of parents should not be neglected. Objective. The main goal of the paper was to examine the attitudes of parents of typically developing children towards the inclusion of children with disabilities, and to examine the impact of gender, level of education, place of residence, and age of the child on parents' attitudes. Parents' opinions on the impact of the type of developmental disabilities on their children's education were also examined. Methods. The research sample consisted of 293 parents of typically developing children from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Parents' attitudes were examined by the Survey of Parents' Attitudes towards Inclusion (SPATI). Results. Parents of typically developing children expressed positive attitudes towards the inclusion of children with disabilities. Their attitudes were not affected by gender, level of education, place of residence, and age of the child. They expressed the most positive attitude towards the inclusion of children with sensory impairments (hearing, vision) and children with moderate or mild intellectual disabilities, while their attitude towards the inclusion of children with severe developmental disabilities (autism, severe intellectual disabilities) was less positive. Conclusion. The results of the research indicate the need for further research on this issue and planning of appropriate programs aimed at developing positive attitudes towards inclusive education of students with all kinds of disabilities.
Сански Мост за вријеме Аустроугарске управе
Authors: Савановић Жељко
Published: September 2021

У овом раду приказана је историја Санског Моста и његовог становништва у доба Аустроагарске. Послије окупације Босне и Херцеговине Аустроугарска је у основи задржала османску административно-територијалну подјелу. Котар (срез) Сански Мост припадао је Бихаћком округу. Апсолутну већину становништва, које је тада живјело у раштрканим селима, чинило је српко-православно. У периоду од 1878. до 1910. оно се повећало за 104%. Пораст представља резултат природног прираштаја и знатног досељавања. Главно занимање становништва била је пољопривреда. Већина људи била је у кметском положају. Знатан напредак остварен је у трговини и занатству, док је рударство потпуно замрло. Развоју саобраћаја допринијела је изградња путева и пруге. Унапријеђен је поштански саобраћај, успсотављене су телеграфске и телефонске линије. Оснивањем друштава и задруга отпочет је развој културно-социјалног живота. Услијед малог броја школа била је велика неписменост. Људи нису водили рачуна о хигијени, што је био узрок епидемијама заразних болести. Ендемичне болести биле су гушавост и сифилис. Избијањем Првог свјетског рата у Босни и Херцеговини почело је хапшење, затварање и интернација виђенијих Срба у Санском Мосту. Недостатак мушке радне снаге у пољопривреди, узрокован мобилизацијом, те долазак избјеглица, реквизиција стоке и жита, проузроковали су оскудицу у храни. Велика суша 1917. још више је погоршала стање. Све тежи живот војника на фронтовима утицао је на појаву бјежања из аустроугарске војске Савезницима. Многи заробљени Сањани ушли су у састав јединица српске војске као добровољци. По завршетку рата Сански Мост био је међу мјестима која су 27. новембра 1918. прогласила уједињење Босне и Херцеговине са Србијом.
The impact of telematics on traffic safety
Authors:   School for road traffic, Zagreb, Jelić Igor , Balenović Maja ,   School for road traffic, Zagreb
Published: September 2021

The development of traffic that is conditioned by the high mobility of people, goods and services must be in line with the principles of sustainable development, but it is only possible if the consumption of renewable resources is less than natural renewal opportunities. The future is in implementation of innovative technologies such as telematics systems that offer not only technical solutions but also a new way of life, a new business approach and a new cultural aspect of living for all traffic participants. Advanced telematics solutions such as inflow management and speed limit management greatly help to solve traffic problems, like incidents, environmental pollution, traffic congestion, fuel consumption, etc. Impact of telematics can increase safety but can also introduce new risks for drivers that pose special challenges to traffic psychology and public health. In order to reduce traffic congestion, longer waiting times, environmental pollution, reduce fuel consumption in incident situation various advanced grammatical solutions have been implemented in order to reduce these problems. Telematics, using techniques such as informatics, optoelectronics, automatics and telecommunications, helps to reduce costs of transportation potential management, improves the security and reliability of the transportation service.
Analysing County and Local Public Passenger Transport in the City of Velika Gorica
Authors: Vidan Luka , Slavulj Marko ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, Šojat Dino ,   Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, University of Zagreb
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an analysis of the existing local public transport in the City of Velika Gorica and a few solutions to optimize the existing local public transport. In this paper, the management of passenger transport was analysed from a theoretical point of view, with data on transport demand between Zagreb and Velika Gorica being used. Transport demand analysis is shown by graphs, tables, and route data. In the proposed solution, smaller buses on some routes were introduced, timetables were changed, and Route 330 was cancelled.
An implementation framework for developing cities – the way to smart mobility
Authors:   Faculty of Technical Sciences, University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia, Angelevska Beti , Atanasova Vaska ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia
Published: September 2021

The smart mobility is a concept, where with various past and real-time data, and with the help of information and communication technologies, travel time is optimized, resulting in reductions of space usage, road congestion, road accidents and emissions of harmful gases and noise. [1] For implementation of smart mobility it will be necessary to combine sustainable solutions and smart innovations at the same time. This will contribute for moving forward in developing cities, which are lacking behind considering inclusion of smart mobility in their urban transport systems. Also, smart mobility will contribute for improved environmental footprint of urban transport, having in mind that environmental issues (air pollution in particular) in these cities are very serious. More specifically, the paper identifies implementation framework for smart mobility, along with drivers and barriers for its implementation, as well as strategies in transport that are environmentally friendly. Turning carbon-dependent transport sector in developing cities into a clean and smart mobility system might seem like a mission impossible. But, it can be done and it is also a must, given the current transport system’s impacts on the environment and public health [2]. At the end, this is an indispensable opportunity to start with changes and to build a better and sustainable future.
Slip Clip after successful microsurgery of a blister aneurysm: Should bypass always be the first option?
Authors: Paiva Aline Lariessy Campos , Aguiar Guilherme Brasileiro de , Flores Juan Antonio Castro , Veiga José Carlos Esteves
Published: September 2021

Blood Blister-like aneurysms are intracranial non-saccular aneurysms with higher rupture risk due to its fragile wall. Diagnosis is performed in the acute phase of a subarachnoid hemorrhage. There are several treatment options based on reconstructive or deconstructive techniques. This paper aims to discuss the limitations of microsurgery clipping for a ruptured blister aneurysm. We report on a case of a female patient presented with a Fisher III subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography revealed an internal carotid artery blister aneurysm. Initially microsurgery clipping was successfully performed. However, after a few days the patient presented new subarachnoid hemorrhage. The new cerebral angiography showed growth of the previously clipped aneurysm, with displacement of the clip from the position adjacent to the artery. High-flow bypass was performed obtaining definitive treatment. This is a definitive approach for blister aneurysms. If microsurgery clipping is chosen, a strict follow-up is required due to the dynamic nature of this lesion and the chance of re-bleeding even after successfully clipping.
Type-II Dirac points and edge transports in phononic crystal plates
Authors: Luo Quan-Bin , Huang Xue-Qin , Deng Wei-Yin , Wu Ying , Lu Jiu-Yang , Liu Zheng-You ,   School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China,   Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Published: September 2021

The accidentally degenerate type-II Dirac points in sonic crystal has been realized recently. However, elastic phononic crystals with type-II Dirac points have not yet been explored. In this work, we design a two-dimensional phononic crystal plate in square lattice with type-II Dirac points for elastic waves. The type-II Dirac points, different from the type-I counterparts, have the tiled dispersions and thus the iso-frequency contours become crossed lines. By tuning structures to break the mirror symmetry, the degeneracies of the type-II Dirac points are lifted, leading to a band inversion. In order to have a further explanation, we also calculate the Berry curvatures of phononic crystals with opposite structure parameters, and it turns out that these two crystals hold opposite signs around the valley. The phononic crystal plates before and after the band inversion belong to different topological valley phases, whose direct consequence is that the topologically protected gapless interface states exist between two distinct topological phases. Topologically protected interface states are found by calculating the projected band structures of a supercell that contains two kinds of interfaces between two topological phases. Robustness of the interface transport is verified by comparing the transmission rate for perfect interface with that for defective interface. Moreover, owing to the special stress field distributions of the elastic plate waves, the boundaries of a single phononic crystal phase can similarly host the gapless boundary states, which is found by calculating the projected band structures of a supercell with a single phase, thus having two free boundaries on the edges. This paper extends the two-dimensional Dirac points and valley states in graphene-like systems to the type-II cases, and obtains in the same structure the gapless interface and boundary propagations. Owing to the simple design scheme of the structure, the phononic crystal plates can be fabricated and scaled to a small size. Our system provides a feasible way of constructing high-frequency elastic wave devices.
Nanoscale zero-field detection based on single solid-state spins in diamond
Authors: Zhao Peng-Ju , Kong Fei , Li Rui , Shi Fa-Zhan , Du Jiang-Feng ,   CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: September 2021

Characterizing the properties of matter at a single-molecule level is highly significant in today’s science, such as biology, chemistry, and materials science. The advent of generalized nanoscale sensors promises to achieve a long-term goal of material science, which is the analysis of single-molecule structures in ambient environments. In recent years, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond as solid-state spins have gradually developed as nanoscale sensors with both high spatial resolution and high detection sensitivity. Owing to the nondestructive and non-invasive properties, the NV color centers have excellent performance in single-molecule measurements. So far, the NV centers have achieved high sensitivity in the detection of many physical quantities such as magnetic field, electric field, and temperature, showing their potential applications in versatile quantum sensors. The combination with the cross measurements from multiple perspectives is conducible to deepening the knowledge and understanding the new substances, materials, and phenomena. Starting from the microstructure of NV sensors, several detections under the special magnetic field condition of zero field, including zero-field paramagnetic resonance detection and electric field detection, are introduced in this work.
Multiple introductions of multidrug-resistant typhoid associated with acute infection and asymptomatic carriage, Kenya
Authors: Kariuki Samuel , Dyson Zoe A , Mbae Cecilia , Ngetich Ronald , Kavai Susan M , Wairimu Celestine , Anyona Stephen , Gitau Naomi , Onsare Robert Sanaya , Ongandi Beatrice , Duchene Sebastian , Ali Mohamed , Clemens John David , Holt Kathryn E , Dougan Gordon
Published: September 2021

Background:

Understanding the dynamics of infection and carriage of typhoid in endemic settings is critical to finding solutions to prevention and control.

Methods:

In a 3-year case-control study, we investigated typhoid among children aged <16 years (4670 febrile cases and 8549 age matched controls) living in an informal settlement, Nairobi, Kenya.

Results:

148 S. Typhi isolates from cases and 95 from controls (stool culture) were identified; a carriage frequency of 1 %. Whole-genome sequencing showed 97% of cases and 88% of controls were genotype 4.3.1 (Haplotype 58), with the majority of each (76% and 88%) being multidrug-resistant strains in three sublineages of the H58 genotype (East Africa 1 (EA1), EA2, and EA3), with sequences from cases and carriers intermingled.

Conclusions:

The high rate of multidrug-resistant H58 S. Typhi, and the close phylogenetic relationships between cases and controls, provides evidence for the role of carriers as a reservoir for the community spread of typhoid in this setting.

Funding:

National Institutes of Health (R01AI099525); Wellcome Trust (106158/Z/14/Z); European Commission (TyphiNET No 845681); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1175797).
Comparison of transcriptional initiation by RNA polymerase II across eukaryotic species
Authors: Petrenko Natalia , Struhl Kevin
Published: September 2021

The preinitiation complex (PIC) for transcriptional initiation by RNA polymerase (Pol) II is composed of general transcription factors that are highly conserved. However, analysis of ChIP-seq datasets reveals kinetic and compositional differences in the transcriptional initiation process among eukaryotic species. In yeast, Mediator associates strongly with activator proteins bound to enhancers, but it transiently associates with promoters in a form that lacks the kinase module. In contrast, in human, mouse, and fly cells, Mediator with its kinase module stably associates with promoters, but not with activator-binding sites. This suggests that yeast and metazoans differ in the nature of the dynamic bridge of Mediator between activators and Pol II and the composition of a stable inactive PIC-like entity. As in yeast, occupancies of TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (Tafs) at mammalian promoters are not strictly correlated. This suggests that within PICs, TFIID is not a monolithic entity, and multiple forms of TBP affect initiation at different classes of genes. TFIID in flies, but not yeast and mammals, interacts strongly at regions downstream of the initiation site, consistent with the importance of downstream promoter elements in that species. Lastly, Taf7 and the mammalian-specific Med26 subunit of Mediator also interact near the Pol II pause region downstream of the PIC, but only in subsets of genes and often not together. Species-specific differences in PIC structure and function are likely to affect how activators and repressors affect transcriptional activity.
Mesenchymal stromal cell aging impairs the self-organizing capacity of lung alveolar epithelial stem cells
Authors: Chanda Diptiman , Rehan Mohammad , Smith Samuel R , Dsouza Kevin G , Wang Yong , Bernard Karen , Kurundkar Deepali , Memula Vinayak , Kojima Kyoko , Mobley James A , Benavides Gloria A , Darley-Usmar Victor , Kim Young-iL , Zmijewski Jaroslaw W , Deshane Jessy S , De Langhe Stijn , Thannickal Victor J
Published: September 2021

Multicellular organisms maintain structure and function of tissues/organs through emergent, self-organizing behavior. In this report, we demonstrate a critical role for lung mesenchymal stromal cell (L-MSC) aging in determining the capacity to form three-dimensional organoids or ‘alveolospheres’ with type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s). In contrast to L-MSCs from aged mice, young L-MSCs support the efficient formation of alveolospheres when co-cultured with young or aged AEC2s. Aged L-MSCs demonstrated features of cellular senescence, altered bioenergetics, and a senescence-associated secretory profile (SASP). The reactive oxygen species generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), was highly activated in aged L-MSCs and Nox4 downregulation was sufficient to, at least partially, reverse this age-related energy deficit, while restoring the self-organizing capacity of alveolospheres. Together, these data indicate a critical role for cellular bioenergetics and redox homeostasis in an organoid model of self-organization and support the concept of thermodynamic entropy in aging biology.
The amyloid precursor protein is a conserved Wnt receptor
Authors: Liu Tengyuan , Zhang Tingting , Nicolas Maya , Boussicault Lydie , Rice Heather , Soldano Alessia , Claeys Annelies , Petrova Iveta , Fradkin Lee , De Strooper Bart , Potier Marie-Claude , Hassan Bassem A
Published: September 2021

The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and its homologues are transmembrane proteins required for various aspects of neuronal development and activity, whose molecular function is unknown. Specifically, it is unclear whether APP acts as a receptor, and if so what its ligand(s) may be. We show that APP binds the Wnt ligands Wnt3a and Wnt5a and that this binding regulates APP protein levels. Wnt3a binding promotes full-length APP (flAPP) recycling and stability. In contrast, Wnt5a promotes APP targeting to lysosomal compartments and reduces flAPP levels. A conserved Cysteine-Rich Domain (CRD) in the extracellular portion of APP is required for Wnt binding, and deletion of the CRD abrogates the effects of Wnts on flAPP levels and trafficking. Finally, loss of APP results in increased axonal and reduced dendritic growth of mouse embryonic primary cortical neurons. This phenotype can be cell-autonomously rescued by full length, but not CRD-deleted, APP and regulated by Wnt ligands in a CRD-dependent manner.
In situ cryo-ET structure of phycobilisome–photosystem II supercomplex from red alga
Authors: Li Meijing , Ma Jianfei , Li Xueming , Sui Sen-Fang
Published: September 2021

Phycobilisome (PBS) is the main light-harvesting antenna in cyanobacteria and red algae. How PBS transfers the light energy to photosystem II (PSII) remains to be elucidated. Here we report the in situ structure of the PBS–PSII supercomplex from Porphyridium purpureum UTEX 2757 using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging. Our work reveals the organized network of hemiellipsoidal PBS with PSII on the thylakoid membrane in the native cellular environment. In the PBS–PSII supercomplex, each PBS interacts with six PSII monomers, of which four directly bind to the PBS, and two bind indirectly. Additional three ‘connector’ proteins also contribute to the connections between PBS and PSIIs. Two PsbO subunits from adjacent PSII dimers bind with each other, which may promote stabilization of the PBS–PSII supercomplex. By analyzing the interaction interface between PBS and PSII, we reveal that αLCM and ApcD connect with CP43 of PSII monomer and that αLCM also interacts with CP47' of the neighboring PSII monomer, suggesting the multiple light energy delivery pathways. The in situ structures illustrate the coupling pattern of PBS and PSII and the arrangement of the PBS–PSII supercomplex on the thylakoid, providing the near-native 3D structural information of the various energy transfer from PBS to PSII.
Phylogenetic relationships of sucrose transporters (SUTs) in plants and genome-wide characterization of SUT genes in Orchidaceae reveal roles in floral organ development
Authors: Wang Yunzhu , Chen Yue , Wei Qingzhen , Wan Hongjian , Sun Chongbo
Published: September 2021

Sucrose is the primary form of photosynthetically produced carbohydrates transported long distance in many plant species and substantially affects plant growth, development and physiology. Sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs) are a group of membrane proteins that play vital roles in mediating sucrose allocation within cells and at the whole-plant level. In this study, we investigated the relationships among SUTs in 24 representative plant species and performed an analysis of SUT genes in three sequenced Orchidaceae species: Dendrobium officinale, Phalaenopsis equestris, and Apostasia shenzhenica. All the SUTs from the 24 plant species were classified into three groups and five subgroups, subgroups A, B1, B2.1, B2.2, and C, based on their evolutionary relationships. A total of 22 SUT genes were identified among Orchidaceae species, among which D. officinale had 8 genes (DoSUT01-08), P. equestris had eight genes (PeqSUT01-08) and A. shenzhenica had 6 genes (AsSUT01-06). For the 22 OrchidaceaeSUTs, subgroups A, B2.2 and C contained three genes, whereas the SUT genes were found to have significantly expanded in the monocot-specific subgroup B2.1, which contained 12 genes. To understand sucrose partitioning and the functions of sucrose transporters in Orchidaceae species, we analyzed the water-soluble sugar content and performed RNA sequencing of different tissues of D. officinale, including leaves, stems, flowers and roots. The results showed that although the total content of water-soluble polysaccharides was highest in the stems of D. officinale, the sucrose content was highest in the flowers. Moreover, gene expression analysis showed that most of the DoSUTs were expressed in the flowers, among which DoSUT01,DoSUT07 and DoSUT06 had significantly increased expression levels. These results indicated that stems are used as the main storage sinks for photosynthetically produced sugar in D. officinale and that DoSUTs mainly function in the cellular machinery and development of floral organs. Our findings provide valuable information on sucrose partitioning and the evolution and functions of SUT genes in Orchidaceae and other species.
Catostylus tagi (Class: Scyphozoa, Order: Discomedusae, Suborder: Rhizostomida, Family: Catostylidae) life cycle and first insight into its ecology
Authors: Gueroun Sonia K.M. , Torres Tatiana M. , Dos Santos Antonina , Vasco-Rodrigues Nuno , Canning-Clode João , Andrade Carlos
Published: September 2021

Jellyfish proliferations, which are conspicuous and natural events, cause blooms that may lead to severe consequences for anthropogenic activities and ecosystem structure and functioning. Although research during the last decade has focused on factors influencing the different jellyfish life stages, few species currently have their full life cycle known. In this context, we describe for the first time the developmental stages in the life cycle of Catostylus tagi, from planula to young medusa, reared in the laboratory. The species displays the typical Rhizostomida metagenetic life cycle. Mature scyphistomae display 16 tentacles and a total body length of 1.5 ± 0.2 mm. Only podocyst production and strobilation were observed. Strobilation, occurring continuously under laboratory conditions, was mainly polydisc. The eight-rayed typical ephyrae, with a total body diameter of 2.4 ± 0.4 mm at detachment, showed development typical of the Rhizostomida. As a first step in studying this species’ ecology, we also present preliminary assessments of: (i) the influence of different temperature and salinity regimes on planulae survival, settlement and metamorphosis and (ii) the effect of temperature and diet on asexual reproduction. The results showed a high tolerance of planulae to a wide range of salinities (15‰ to 25‰), while polyp development was significantly faster at higher temperature (20–25 °C). Strobilation onset was 2–3 times faster at 20 °C (10.6 ± 5.4 to 15 ± 6.6 day at various tested diet) than at 15 °C (32.2 ± 3 day). Feeding was a key factor as unfed polyps never underwent strobilation during the trial. Finally, we present the spatial and seasonal distribution of C. tagi in the Tagus estuary (Portugal) in 2019, showing its occurrence throughout the year (except in April), with most observations recorded on the northern shoreline. As C. tagi shows the ability to form blooms and a wide tolerance for temperature and salinity (for planulae and medusae stage), it is essential to understand its life cycle.
Habitat ephemerality affects the evolution of contrasting growth strategies and cannibalism in anuran larvae
Authors: Oh Dogeun , Kim Yongsu , Yoo Sohee , Kang Changku
Published: September 2021

Ephemeral streams are challenging environments for tadpoles; thus, adaptive features that increase the survival of these larvae should be favored by natural selection. In this study, we compared the adaptive growth strategies of Bombina orientalis (the oriental fire-bellied toad) tadpoles from ephemeral streams with those of such tadpoles from non-ephemeral streams. Using a common garden experiment, we tested the interactive effects of location (ephemeral vs. non-ephemeral), food availability, and growing density on larval period, weight at metamorphosis, and cannibalism. We found that tadpoles from ephemeral streams underwent a shorter larval period compared with those from non-ephemeral streams but that this difference was contingent on food availability. The observed faster growth is likely to be an adaptive response because tadpoles in ephemeral streams experience more biotic/abiotic stressors, such as desiccation risk and limited resources, compared with those in non-ephemeral streams, with their earlier metamorphosis potentially resulting in survival benefits. As a trade-off for their faster growth, tadpoles from ephemeral streams generally had a lower body weight at metamorphosis compared with those from non-ephemeral streams. We also found lower cannibalism rates among tadpoles from ephemeral streams, which can be attributed to the indirect fitness costs of cannibalizing their kin. Our study demonstrates how ephemeral habitats have affected the evolutionary change in cannibalistic behaviors in anurans and provides additional evidence that natural selection has mediated the evolution of growth strategies of tadpoles in ephemeral streams.
A ATUAÇÃO DO COORDENADOR PEDAGÓGICO DA REDE SESI-SP NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE: A CONCEPÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES
Authors: Miranda Nonato Assis de , Guilhermoni Fernanda Dias
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa de natureza qualitativa buscou investigar se a atuação do coordenador pedagógico (CP) na Rede SESI-SP de Ensino atende às necessidades formativas de seus docentes. Os dados foram coletados com professores de quatro escolas da Rede SESI localizadas no município de Santo André (SP). Os dados (depoimentos dos professores) foram agrupados, categorizados e analisados na perspectiva da análise de conteúdo. Em geral, os resultados mostraram que a atuação do CP atende parcialmente às necessidades formativas dos docentes. Dentre outras coisas, a pesquisa revela a importância de o CP atuar como parceiro e apoiador e não somente como um agente de averiguação de tarefas e que a formação pautada na concepção de ensino adotada pelo SESI permite a troca de experiência entre professores e oportuniza uma formação mais significativa.
INTERTEXTUALIDADE EXPLÍCITA COMO RECURSO ARGUMENTATIVO EM PRÁTICAS DE LETRAMENTOS
Authors: Silva Jéssica Greice Cunha da , Silva Veronice Camargo da
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho visa apresentar resultados de uma prática docente envolvendo produções textuais de alunos de uma turma do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, baseadas no uso da intertextualidade explícita como recurso para argumentação. Objetivou-se, com isso, promover um espaço para o letramento argumentativo de discentes desse segmento de ensino. Como metodologia, utilizou-se um estudo de caso com elementos da etnografia. O artigo dialoga com teorias de intertextualidade (BARTHES, 1974), de intertextualidade como argumento de autoridade (MAINGUENEAU, 1976) e de letramento (LEA ; STREET, 1998, 1999). Os resultados indicam que a intertextualidade explícita pode ser utilizada como recurso na elaboração de textos dissertativo-argumentativos pelos estudantes do 1º ano Ensino Médio, tornando-os sujeitos letrados.
A IMPRENSA NA PRODUÇÃO DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO DA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE MARINGÁ (1993-2018)
Authors: Ivashita Simone Burioli
Published: September 2021

Este artigo toma como objetivo realizar um levantamento das dissertações e teses que utilizam a imprensa como fonte e/ou objeto de análise no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPE) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) no período compreendido entre 1993, ano de sua implantação, e 2018, últimas pesquisas localizadas. Este inventário procura dar visibilidade ao número crescente de pesquisas que têm utilizado a imprensa para investigar a História da Educação no norte do Paraná, atreladas ao movimento nacional do campo historiográfico. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos arquivos da instituição, por meio de catálogo impresso e também nos acervos digitais do site do Programa, totalizando 25 trabalhos acerca da temática imprensa, que foram divididos em grupos temáticos: jornais (5), revistas (13), boletins e almanaques (3) e intelectuais (4). Os trabalhos com jornais enfatizaram sua ação político-educativa e a produção e circulação de ideias acerca da escola; os que utilizaram revistas como fonte tratam de formação docente, práticas pedagógicas, ensino de história, imprensa espírita e negritude, e os que utilizaram boletins e almanaques ficaram circunscritos ao movimento eugenista, à representação do sertanejo e à formação de professores.
EDUCAÇÃO E TERRITÓRIO: A LUTA POR UMA CONSTRUÇÃO DECOLONIAL NO QUILOMBO DE MATA CAVALO
Authors: Sato Michèle , Santos Déborah Luíza Moreira Santana , Silva Regina Aparecida
Published: September 2021

Nos territórios quilombolas, as escolas são espaços centrais para o empoderamento das juventudes. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as táticas usadas pela comunidade quilombola de Mata Cavalo para construir uma educação escolar decolonial. O quilombo está localizado em Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso. A metodologia privilegiada no processo de pesquisa foi a Cartografia do Imaginário. As informações foram obtidas durante o processo formativo na Escola da comunidade, por meio de entrevistas. A educação escolarizada tem sido a força motriz da resistência que, através dos componentes curriculares, dos projetos e do cultivo de vínculos fecundos entre a escola e a comunidade do entorno, possibilitam a educação decolonial.
VIVÊNCIA DE PRÁTICAS INCLUSIVAS EM SALA DE AULA: POSSIBILIDADES A PARTIR DO DESENHO UNIVERSAL PARA A APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Lenz da Silva Gabrielle , Pimentel Höher Camargo Síglia
Published: September 2021

Uma escola inclusiva garante o direito universal à educação, garantindo, assim, a matrícula, o acesso e a permanência de todos os alunos na escola e em salas de aulas comuns, atendendo as necessidades individuais de todos os alunos. O Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem (DUA) surge como uma nova forma de organização escolar, na qual se elabora estratégias de ensino e acessibilidade pensando em todos os alunos, para que todos aprendam juntos utilizando-se de formas diferenciadas. Buscando ampliar a discussão a respeito da inclusão escolar, bem como sobre equidade no ensino e desenho universal para a aprendizagem, o presente relato de experiência tem como objetivo apresentar formas práticas de inclusão observadas em um contexto norte-americano, bem como relacioná-las com o debate atual sobre o tema.
Design and Research on the N02 Gas Monitoring System Based on MCU
Authors: Emon Efta Khairul Haque , Lianxu Lu , Zhao Zhihua , Jahan Nusrat
Published: September 2021

The harm of nitrogen dioxide is not limited to the great impact on the atmosphere, environmental safety and even harms human, animal, and plant life. Damage to devices and buildings can cause industrial accidents, huge property losses, and even cause casualties. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has attracted much attention as a toxic gas with high content, many sources, and greater hazards in the air. In recent years, with the development of industry and the emission of a large amount of automobile exhaust, the emission of nitrogen dioxide has been increasing every year. The air emission in the potential nitrogen dioxide emission area should be treated in time, and the emission must be carried out at a concentration that meets the standard. Only by detecting the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the emission site at all times can the gas be effectively treated. The inspection system has been designed, it is still inadequate in many aspects. For example, the system takes a bit long time to warm up, and the solder joints are prone to poor contact. In future research, there can be two main research directions: 1. Improve the writing ability of C language to improve the stability of the detection system. 2. Find and synthesize more stable gas-sensitive materials to improve the sensitivity of the signal acquisition system and the accuracy of detection. Although the system has worked accurately and met the requirements, there is still a long way to go for future research, and more in-depth research on the product is needed.
Human factor associations with safety events in radiation therapy
Authors: Weintraub Sheri M. , Salter Bill J. , Chevalier C. Lynn , Ransdell Sarah
Published: September 2021

Background and purpose

Incident learning can reveal important opportunities for safety improvement, yet learning from error is challenged by a number of human factors. In this study, incident learning reports have been analyzed with the human factors analysis classification system (HFACS) to uncover predictive patterns of human contributing factors.

Materials and methods

Sixteen hundred reports from the Safety in Radiation Oncology incident learning system were filtered for inclusion ultimately yielding 141 reports. A radiotherapy‐specific error type was assigned to each event as were all reported human contributing factors. An analysis of associations between human contributing factors and error types was performed.

Results

Multiple associations between human factors were found. Relationships between leadership and risk were demonstrated with supervision failures. Skill‐based errors (those done without much thought while performing familiar tasks) were found to pose a significant safety risk to the treatment planning process. Errors made during quality assurance (QA) activities were associated with decision‐based errors which indicate lacking knowledge or skills.

Conclusion

An application of the HFACS to incident learning reports revealed relationships between human contributing factors and radiotherapy errors. Safety improvement efforts should include supervisory influences as they affect risk and error. An association between skill‐based and treatment planning errors showed a need for more mindfulness in this increasingly automated process. An association between decision and QA errors revealed a need for improved education in this area. These and other findings can be used to strategically advance safety.
Controlling the Multiple Chiroptical Inversion in Biphasic Liquid‐Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Cheng Xiaoxiao , Miao Tengfei , Ma Yafei , Zhu Xiaoyan , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiulin
Published: September 2021

While controlling the chirality and modulating the helicity is a challenging task, it attracts great research interest for gaining a better understanding of the origin of chirality in nature. Herein, structurally similar azobenzene (Azo) vinyl monomers were designed in which the alkyl chains comprised the chiral stereocenter with different achiral tail lengths. Combining the synchronous polymerization, supramolecular stacking and self‐assembly, the multiple chiroptical inversion of the Azo‐polymer supramolecular assemblies can be modulated by the tail length and DP of Azo blocks during in situ polymerization. The DP‐, UV light‐, temperature‐, aging time‐dependent chiroptical properties and liquid‐crystalline (LC) characterization indicated that the amorphous‐to‐LC phase transition and biphasic LC interconversion allow the transcription of intra‐chain π–π stacking, inter‐chainH‐ andJ‐aggregation, thereby controlling the dynamic multiple reversal of supramolecular chirality.