bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of retention time of matra basti by addition of prakshep of shatavha and saindhav in sesame oil in treating dhatukshyatmaka janusandhigata vata: A brief note
Authors: Manjula Matekar  , Trupti Patil-Bhole
Published: July 2023

Acharya Sushruta mentioned maximum retention period of snehika basti is up to nine hours. If snehika basti retains for maximum time, then it’s very effective. This is probably because there is enough time for absorption of the Sneha. Acharya Sushruta has stated that the action of basti is mainly due to its virya (specific action or property). He further elaborates that the drugs used in basti spread in the body from pakwashaya through appropriate channels; similarly as a tree gets irrigated at the root and nutrients circulate to all parts of the tree. Basti eliminates the morbid dosha from the entire body (i.e. from rasa dhatu to shukra dhatu) gradually and all dhatus get nourishment as per Sushruta. This is possible when basti retains inside for maximum duration. The management of osteoarthritis of knee is broadly divided into non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical treatments. These treatments are either expensive or not available for common people in developing countries. Basti treatment is useful in such patients, especially in elderly persons having natural predominance of vata dosha in their body. As sesame oil [tila taila] possesses having specific properties like snigdha, ushna, madhur, kashaya, tikta rasa & is ushna guna in nature, hence it diminishes vitiated vata and removes kapha. Addition of powders of shatavaha and sandhaiv in sesame oil used for basti, helps the maximum retention of matrabasti, so its useful in managing dhatkshyatmka janusandhigata vata.
Education counseling to prevent early marriage in adolescents in Desa Sukamakmur, Jember
Authors: Salma Chalisha
Published: July 2023

Child marriage is a formal or informal union between a child under 18 years old and an adult or another child. The prevalence of child marriage in Indonesia is still high. In East Java, the prevalence of child marriage is 10,44%. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon, such as low education, financial needs, culture, arranged marriage, free sex, and pregnancy before marriage. Child marriage has many negative impacts, especially from the health perspective, because of an adolescent's immature reproductive organs, knowledge, and mentality. This study aims to analyze the effect of counseling on adolescent knowledge about child marriage and reproductive health at SMP Plus Al-Ishlah and SMK Multi-Media, Jember. The method used in this study was Pre-Experimental with One Group Pre-test - Post-test research design. The population in this study were students of SMP Plus Al-Ishlah and SMK Multi-Media, totaling 131 students. The number of samples is 80 respondents. The sampling technique used was random sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The research results show a significant difference in the level of adolescent knowledge after counseling about child marriage and reproductive health at SMP Plus Al-Ishlah and SMK Multi-Media. It is proven by p-value 0,001 ≤ α 0,05. This study concludes that counseling increases adolescent knowledge about child marriage and reproductive health. There is an increase in knowledge on reproductive organ anatomy, how to maintain the health of reproductive organs, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and HIV/AIDS.
Magnetohydrodynamic forced convection and heat transfer of a Casson fluid flow in an anisotropic porous channel with Isoflux boundaries
Authors: Chigozie Israel-Cookey  , Onengiyeofori Anthony Davies  , Aminayanasa Paddy Ngeri
Published: July 2023

Theoretical analysis of magnetohydrodynamic fully developed forced convective flow and heat transfer characteristics of a non-Newtonian electrically conducting Casson fluid through a porous channel filled with anisotropic porous material bounded by two impermeable horizontal walls subject to constant heat flux applied to the outer walls is investigated. The extended Darcy-Brinkmann model govern the flow inside the porous channel and accounts for the presence of the inertia term, which allows for the no-slip boundary conditions at the walls. The principal axis of anisotropic permeability is oriented from to radians. The equations governing the system are solved using the inbuilt “DSolve” in Mathematica 11.1 for the velocity and temperature profiles as well as the Nusselt number (Nu), which characterizes the rate of heat transfer in the system. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, temperature and heat transfer profiles are displayed through graphs and discussed quantitatively. From the results we observed that the velocity profile reduced as the Casson parameter (ß), anisotropic ratio (Kr), orientation angle (), and Hartmann number (Ha) increased, whereas the velocity profile increased when the Darcy number (Da) and apparent viscosity () increased. Similarly, these variables also had similar effect on the temperature profile of the fluid. On the other hand, the heat transfer profile, as measured by Nusselt number, increased when the Casson parameter (ß), anisotropic ratio (Kr) and Hartmann number (Ha) increased, while increasing the orientation angle () and apparent viscosity ( ) decreased the Heat Transfer Profile. Upon further investigation, the heat transfer profile was shown to be maximum along the path of least permeability in the anisotropic porous media under investigation.
Examine the impact of advertising media on the consumer purchasing behavior of FMCG Products
Authors: Manish Pushkar  , Aishwarya Singh Rajput
Published: July 2023

The research paper study was conducted to screen out the examine the impact of advertising media on the consumer purchasing behavior of FMCG products. Advertising is a promotion strategy that serves as a major tool in creating product awareness in the mind of the consumer to take a purchasing decision. A questionnaire was created and circulated to capture the data from the consumers, and 108 responses were collected. Sample data were collected from all over India. After collecting responses from the questionnaire data, an expert interview was conducted. Based on the expert interview thematic analysis was done in which responses were collected and then manually coded in the form of themes. Major themes were sorted out from the common themes. Thematic analysis showed that there is a relationship between consumer and advertising media. There is an impact of social media among consumers, and they find a relationship between products and media. There is an impact factor when consumers choose to review before purchasing products. The results show significant factors affecting consumers from advertising media. Objectives: To carefully examine anonymous customers' free-text remarks to find new trends and understand how advertising media affects consumers. Design: Free-text data from a population-based survey that was thematically analysed. Settings and participants: A total of 108 participants are currently working in different sectors including working professionals, non-working people, and students. Of which an expert interview was conducted. Main outcome measures: Theme expressions in the free text are coded. Overarching topics are identified using comment categories. Methods: Twenty-five respondents provided free-text replies. A multi-step process was used to code the data: general categories were created from the comments, after which subcategories within those categories were coded, themes that cut across categories were found using cross-sectional analysis, and finally categories and subcategories were mapped to corresponding closed questions. Results: Most poll participants expressed optimism over the compatibility and influence of advertising media. We discovered some common themes via conducting interviews with folks. Some of these themes include brand awareness, mature audiences, social media review reliability, product relationships, and dynamic social media. These sections delve into the underlying subthemes. Conclusion: This study analyses several traits that are present throughout the entire shopping experience and focuses on the influence of the advertising media on the consumer purchasing behavior of FMCG products. Even while most responses were positive, further research showed that a sizeable percentage of respondents were doubtful. Brand awareness can help to ease these worries, even in cases when social media review reliability is present.
Digital marketing to boost dental clinic care
Authors: Domenica Emilia Avila Jaramillo  , Natalia Sofia Romero Palacios  , Andrea Belen Sangacha Méndez  , Manuel Estuardo Bravo Calderón
Published: July 2023

Marketing as a science originated and developed in the 20th century, but has a much longer history and has developed in two directions: the first was the transformation into a business enterprise and the second was the internal management of the business due diligence activities. As for the transition to the company, this includes recent developments. This demonstrates that marketing is a science oriented to meet the needs of consumers, forcing their concept to be dynamic and adapt over the years. It works in conjunction with other areas such as production, research, administration, human resources and accounting. On the other hand, digital marketing has its rise in the 90’s and with the passage of time became a facilitator of processes such as customer recruitment and staff. Social networks within the dental area and other companies are a good tool for attracting potential customers and strengthening ties with existing ones. For this to be possible, a strategic plan must be implemented, which will always be directed under the mission, vision and values of our company. And, with the help of new digital trends, developing this plan becomes easier.
The lifestyle of families embracing an autistic person in Basrah city
Authors: Wasfi Dhahir Abid ali  , Semahir S  , Hameed  , Zehara A  , Luay abdulwahid shihab
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted at the Imam Hussein Center affiliated to the Imam Hussain Shrine in Basra, Republic of Iraq. The study aims to assess the lifestyle of families who embrace a person with autism, 48 family members who participated in the questionnaire were of different ethnicities and races, total Evaluation of the Questions regarding autistic person the results showed that Bad = (0 – 0.33), Moderate = (0.34 – 0.67), good = (0.68 – 1) Mean Score center and families gate a benefit from the center services and programs the minimized problems.
Maximizing iron uptake in inflammatory bowel disease: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous vs oral iron therapy
Authors: Kahan Mehta  , Maurya Joshi  , Ishani Shah  , Ahmed Naeem  , Fatumafos Mohamed  , Adedokun Rotimi
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims: Anemia is the most common extraintestinal complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can be treated with oral or intravenous (IV) iron supplementation. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and tolerability of oral and IV iron supplementation for treating anemia in adult IBD patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials were conducted. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until December 2022. Trials that included individuals with IBD and compared IV to oral iron for treating IDA were eligible. Two reviewers independently extracted data, and another two reviewers independently graded each trial's risk of bias. The fixed-effect model was used to obtain pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Five trials, including 910 IBD patients, were eligible for analysis. The meta-analysis showed that IV iron was more effective than oral iron for raising hemoglobin levels to 2.0 g/dL (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.91, P = 0.01). The IV iron groups had decreased rates of treatment withdrawal prompted by adverse side effects or intolerance (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13 - 0.51, P < 0.0001). There was no evidence of heterogeneity across all studies. Conclusion: IV iron appears to be more efficient and well-tolerated than oral iron for treating anemia associated with IBD. The findings suggest that IV iron may be a preferred treatment option for IBD patients with IDA.
Design and implementation of a novel dust collector controller for powder production industry
Authors: Tarun Debnath  , Md. Imran Nazir  , Pallab Kanti Podder  , Sohag Sarker
Published: July 2023

Industries those work with powder either in production or processing always left a portion of industrial dust in the air. By releasing this air directly in the surrounding environment of the industry pollution occurs. Therefore air filtration system is mandatory in these industries and usually bag filter dust collector controller is used. To control and maintain the proper functionality of the bag filtration system PLC based control system or a modular control board is used. In this paper, a novel dust collector controller is designed which can be installed by any user without having any programming knowledge. The main control keys of the control board are the pulse duration and pulse interval which drive the solenoid valves to release air pressure on the filter bags sequentially. Pulse duration can be controlled in the range of 0.01-0.9 seconds and pulse interval can be varied in the range of 1-99 seconds to control 10 rows of pulse jet simultaneously connected with the solenoid valve. The Number of rows can be adjusted and expanded if required. Moreover, noiseless switching provides silent operational functionalities and switching durability as well as the addition of surge controller ensures a complete protection from any sudden high electrical surge. The finally developed prototype was tested in different industries and provides maximum operational efficiency, which can effectively control online bag filter dust collector to separate micro dust particles from the polluted air.
A systematic review on the healthcare system in Jordan: Strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement
Authors: Yussuf Abuelhaija  , Ahmad Mustafa  , Mu'taz Yousef Mahmoud  , Haneen A. Al-Bataineh  , Motasem Alzaqh  , Aya Mustafa  , Farah Bawa'neh  , Mohammad Alomari  , Abdullah Alkhader
Published: July 2023

Introduction: This systematic review examines the strengths and weaknesses of Jordan's healthcare system, providing valuable insights for healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers. The review identifies several areas where Jordan falls short and highlights its notable achievements. The strengths of the healthcare system lie in its high doctor-to-patient ratio and the quality of specialty care services. However, the system faces challenges in terms of primary healthcare, healthcare access disparities between urban and rural areas, and the financial burden on patients. Strategies to address these issues include strengthening primary healthcare, leveraging telemedicine for improved access, and implementing measures to reduce out-of-pocket expenses. The review also emphasizes the need to address the healthcare needs of refugees in Jordan and the potential applicability of Jordan's experiences to similar middle-income countries. Overall, a multi-faceted approach is necessary to address the identified shortcomings and build on the existing strengths of Jordan's healthcare system Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted using predefined keywords related to Jordan's healthcare system, healthcare delivery, strengths, and weaknesses. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies published between 2000 and 2023, written in English, and focusing on Jordan's healthcare system. Exclusion criteria included studies outside the scope of healthcare systems and those not specific to Jordan. Results: The review identified several key strengths of Jordan's healthcare system, including a high doctor-to-patient ratio, specialized care services, and well-established infrastructure. However, the system faces challenges in primary healthcare delivery, particularly in rural areas, resulting in disparities in access to care. Additionally, financial barriers, such as high out-of-pocket expenses, pose significant challenges to patients seeking healthcare services. The influx of refugees has further strained the healthcare system, necessitating culturally sensitive care and increased mental health services. Conclusion: To address the identified shortcomings, strategies such as strengthening primary healthcare services, enhancing access to healthcare in rural areas, and implementing measures to reduce financial burden on patients need to be prioritized. The experiences and lessons learned from Jordan's healthcare system can also inform healthcare improvements in similar middle-income countries. Continued support from the international community is crucial to assist Jordan in managing the additional pressures and ensuring the well-being of its population.
A systematic review of the neurological effects of Zamzam water
Authors: Yussuf Abuelhaija  , Ahmad Mustafa  , Mu'taz Yousef Mahmoud  , Haneen A. Al-Bataineh  , Motasem Alzaqh  , Aya Mustafa  , Farah Bawa'neh  , Mohammad Alomari  , Abdullah Alkhader
Published: July 2023

Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the existing evidence on the neurological effects of Zamzam water, a religiously significant water source, and provide an overview of its potential benefits and risks. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases to identify relevant studies published up to September 2021. Studies examining the neurological effects of Zamzam water in both human and animal models were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed following predefined criteria. The findings were synthesized narratively. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The studies investigated various aspects of neurological health, including cognitive function, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory effects, and neuroprotection. The results suggested that Zamzam water consumption may enhance cognitive performance in healthy adults and older adults. Additionally, it exhibited antioxidant properties, with potential implications for neuroprotection. Some studies reported anti-inflammatory effects of Zamzam water in neuronal cells. Animal models demonstrated its neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, concerns were raised regarding potential heavy metal contamination in Zamzam water, which may pose risks to neurological health. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that Zamzam water may have positive neurological effects, including cognitive enhancement, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and neuroprotection. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies and heterogeneity of methodologies. Concerns about heavy metal contamination in Zamzam water warrant further investigation. Future research should focus on conducting well-designed randomized controlled trials to establish the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosage of Zamzam water for neurological health. Public education initiatives should provide balanced information about the potential benefits and risks of Zamzam water consumption, taking into account its cultural and religious significance.
Advanced machine learning approach for automatic crack detection and classification in concrete surfaces
Authors: Suat Gokhan Ozkaya  , Mehmet Baygin
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, one of the most commonly used construction materials is concrete. As a building material, concrete can be deformed under various conditions and cracks can form on this material. Depending on their condition and position, these cracks can pose serious hazards. Therefore, the automatic detection and classification of these cracks becomes a very important issue. The detection process, which is usually performed by manual observation, is labor intensive. In this research, a new machine learning method is proposed for automatic detection of cracks in concrete surface. The proposed method utilizes DenseNet201 based deep feature extraction approach. In addition, the model includes ReliefF-based feature selection and SVM-based classification phases. SDNET2018, an open access dataset, is used to test the proposed model. Both holdout cross validation and 10-fold cross validation techniques were applied for validation on this dataset. As a result of the test procedures, 93% classification success was achieved for 10-fold CV. The results obtained with the test procedures prove the success of the proposed method in automatic crack classification.
A review on ayurvedic and modern aspects of breast cancer
Authors: Pooja Sambhaji Panchaware  , Sanjivani Samadhan Shekokar
Published: July 2023

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women globally. According to World Health Organization, more than twenty lakh females were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2020. The Globocan data 2020 estimates that, in India, breast cancer accounted for 13.5% of all cancer and around 10.6% of all trends of this disease is rising in younger Indian women. According to epidemiological data, more than 25 in every one lakh women develop breast cancer. By 2030, breast carcinoma will cause most deaths among women in India than the other malady. In Ayurveda there isn’t as such mention of Cancer or Karkaroga in Ayurvedic literature like Charaka Samhita, SushrutaSamhita, Vaghbhata Samhita i.e. Brihatrayi of Ayurveda. But there are some diseases which resemble with Cancer. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned some diseases in his Nidansthan chapter no.11 “GranthyapachyArbudagalGandanaam” Adhyaya in this context Acharya Sushruta mentioned diseases like Arbuda, Granth, Gulma, Vranashotha, Kustha etc. which shows similar signs and symptoms of tumors. In the present study we try to focus all the ayurvedic and modern aspects about the breast cancer.
Assessment of prognostic value of heart rate response to single deep breath in cases of acute myocardial infarction involving anterior wall or inferior wall within first 12 hours of admission
Authors: Lydia Abraham  , John Pramod
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The sympatho-vagal balance on the SA node produces beat to beat variation in heart rate which is markedly increased in normal subjects on deep breathing cycles. Heart rate variability testing gives an estimation of altered vagal-sympathetic balance and is a marker of low vagal tone on the heart. This study assesses a simple bedside test involving a single cycle of deep breathing to assess heart rate variability response. Methods: A prospective observational study was done from May 2018 to September 2018 in the department of cardiology in 52 subjects diagnosed as suffering from acute myocardial infarction. For this test, ECG recording in all limb leads was taken while the patient was asked to perform deep breathing for ten seconds. The difference between the maximum and minimum R-R interval was recorded as an index of heart rate variability. The patient was then followed up till discharge for improvement or deterioration in clinical condition. Results: Forty-one subjects (78.8%) had a heart variability response of less than 10 beats per minute and the rest eleven (20.2%) individuals had a variability response of >10 beats per minute. Patients who had low heart rate variability (n=41) showed higher incidence of acute left ventricular failure (75%), arrhythmia (17.5%) as compared to patients who had normal heart rate variability. Conclusions: This test can serve as an inexpensive, feasible and bedside alternative to conventional methods and can be correlated with negative prognosis in patients with acute MI.
Silica Fume Modified Cement-Based Mortar Exposed to High Temperatures: Residual Strengths and Microstructure
Authors: Albeer Shahad Jafeer , Hassan Maan Salman
Published: July 2023

Several previous investigations and studies utilized silica fume (SF) or (micro silica) particles as supplementary cementitious material added as a substitute to cement-based mortars and their effect on the overall properties, especially on physical properties, strength properties, and mechanical properties. This study investigated the impact of the inclusion of silica fume (SF) particles on the residual compressive strengths and microstructure properties of cement-based mortars exposed to severe conditions of elevated temperatures. The prepared specimens were tested and subjected to 25, 250, 450, 600, and 900 °C. Their residual compressive strengths and microstructure were evaluated and compared with control samples (CS) subjected to similar conditions (the same temperature category). The outcomes indicated that including silica fume particles in mortar mixtures lowered the amount and width of microcracks, upgraded the mass-loss performance, lowered crystalline calcium hydroxide, and reinforced the cement paste, which explained the improvement in residual mechanical strengths.
The Potential of Recycling Used Engine Oil for Biogas Generation by Co-Digestion with Animals’ Manure: Experimental and Kinetic Study
Authors: Jasim Hassan Saad , Ismail Zainab Z. Ismail
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the potential of biogas recovery from used engine oil (UEO) by co-digestion with animals’ manure, including cow dung (CD), poultry manure (PM), and cattle manure (CM). The experimental work was carried out in anaerobic biodigesters at mesophilic conditions (37°C). Two groups of biodigesters were prepared. Each group consisted of 4 digesters. UEO was the main component in the first group of biodigesters with and without inoculum, whereby a mix of UEO and petroleum refinery oily sludge (ROS) was the component in the second group of biodigesters. The results revealed that for UEO-based biodigesters, maximum biogas production was 0.98, 1.23, 1.93, and 0 ml/g VS from UEO±CD, UEO±CM, UEO±PM, and UEO, respectively, whereby, for the UEO=ROS-based biodigesters, maximum biogas production was 3.49, 2.47, 3.64 and 2.44 ml/g VS from UEO+ROS±CD, UEO+ROS±CM, UEO+ROS±PM, and UEO+ROS, respectively. These results indicated that UEO was not feasible and efficient for biogas recovery since biogas production was very low in the first group of biodigesters compared to its recovery in the second group. A modified Gompertz model was applied to study the kinetics of the bio-digestion process. Measured and predicted values of biogas generation were fitted well with determination coefficients higher than 0.92.
Review of Jet Grouting Practice around the World
Authors: Al-Khadaar Rana M. , Ahmed Mahmood D.
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to make a historical review of jet grouting techniques and encountered problems at different sites in several countries.  This review is a good guide to understanding the performance and limitations of improved soils or lands. The basic concept of jet grouting technology is to use cement as a binder to accelerate the hardening process of an admixture of material grout and soil. The different case history was conducted in both sand soil and clay soil in the horizontal and vertical direction. Other papers on field construction showed that the grout can be gelled within 5-10 minutes. Due to different cases and studies, these will help improve soil by supporting the foundation load with a minimal settlement. The Jet grouting technology can be used in difficult situations, confined and unconfined areas, or places with light equipment. Although the jet grouting technique is an ideal modification technique compared to reinforcement and ground treatment support or serves the foundation, Dams and excavations will save time and cost and increase the bearing capacity.
Performance of Solar Adsorption Cooling System Using Methanol and Activated Carbon as a Working Pair
Authors: H Al-Maamory Nadia , Fadel Farman Nibal
Published: July 2023

The need for renewable energy sources is higher than ever due to rising global warming, climate change, and ozone depletion. For refrigeration and air conditioning applications, adsorption refrigeration systems are viable alternatives cooling techniques. This study is a topic and part of the M.Sc. thesis. A field solar-powered ice maker unit was created, studied, tested, and evaluated on the 13th and 30th of May, 2022. Activated carbon and methanol pair was used to set up a refrigeration system in Baghdad (Al Dora). Experimental tests were carried out outdoors to determine the coefficient of performance COP and specific cooling power SCP of the system. The results showed that the lowest temperature obtained at the evaporative surface was (4 oC) and (3 oC) for the 13th and 30th of May, respectively, at the opening time of the valve between the evaporator and the generator at 9 pm. In addition, the amounts of methanol condensate were (0.340 kg) and (0.344 kg) for the 13th and 30th of May, respectively, while the maximum cycle coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling power SCP are about 0.57 and 0.14 kW/kga.c , respectively
Effect of Heat Treatments and Carbon Content on the Damping Properties of Structural Steel
Authors: Khamas Ihsan Jabar , Lafta Hameed D.
Published: July 2023

Low- and medium-carbon structural steel components face random vibration and dynamic loads (like earthquakes) in many applications. Thus a modification to improve their mechanical properties, essentially damping properties, is required. The present study focuses on improving and developing these properties, significantly dampening properties, without losing the other mechanical properties. The specimens used in the present study are structural steel ribbed bar ISO 6935 subjected to heating temperatures of (850, 950, and 1050) ˚C, and cooling schemes of annealing, normalizing, sand, and quenching was selected. The damping properties of the specimens were measured experimentally with the area under the curve for the loading and unloading paths experienced from the tensile test. Considering the effect of different parameters on the damping properties, such as heat treatment temperatures, cooling rates, and carbon content, the results show that the damping properties in the annealing process at different temperatures have interesting damping properties, among other processes. Also, the highest damping energy for the annealing cooling scheme was attained at a heating temperature of 1050 ˚C, irrespective of the carbon content. Finally, better damping properties for the medium carbon content of (0.299%C) is achieved for all types of heat treatment process compared with a low carbon content of (0.188% C); and, in general, with increasing carbon content from medium to low, steel response to heat treatment increases and better damping properties are obtained.
Develop Proactive System for Risk Management (DPSRM) for Lagging Investment Project in Iraq.
Authors: Mahmoud Tabarak N. , Erzaij Kadhim Raheem
Published: July 2023

To finalize any construction investment project, it would be necessary to identify the most significant problems and obstacles that lead to project reluctance and stalling. Unexpected events and conflicts may have disrupted these strategies and impacted project development. Due to the high initial investment costs of construction projects, crises can have an immediate impact, resulting in significant financial losses. The 2014 financial crisis was one of the most prominent crises that Iraq faced, which prompted the researcher to identify and evaluate those obstacles through this research and questionnaires using Pareto scientific theory to exclude factors that do not contribute to project lag. It was discovered that 28 obstacles contribute to project lag before and during implementation. Solutions are obtained by soliciting expert opinions and using the Delphi technique to reach a consensus and a software system to create a proactive plan to reduce and overcome these challenges.
Using of Constructed Wetlands in The Treatment of Wastewater: A Review for Operation and Performance
Authors: Taha Duaa Sabah , Faisal Ayad Abd Al-Hamza
Published: July 2023

Wastewater recycling for non-potable uses has gained significant attention to mitigate the high pressure on freshwater resources. This requires using a sustainable technique to treat natural municipal wastewater as an alternative to conventional methods, especially in arid and semi-arid rural areas. One of the promising techniques applied to satisfy the objective of wastewater reuse is the constructed wetlands (CWs) which have been used extensively in most countries worldwide through the last decades. The present study introduces a significant review of the definition, classification, and components of CWs, identifying the mechanisms controlling the removal process within such units. Vertical, horizontal, and hybrid CWs were used to treat different types of wastewater from individual households, waste disposal sites, oil refineries, agricultural production, and tannery effluent. The effects of several design and operational factors related to the type of plant, substrate, and flow direction are studied and surveyed in this work to be the starting point for researchers in future investigations
Material Selection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Wings Using Ashby Indices Integrated with Grey Relation Analysis Approach Based on Weighted Entropy for Ranking
Authors: Al-Taie Alya I. , Doos Qasim M.
Published: July 2023

The designer must find the optimum match between the object's technical and economic needs and the performance and production requirements of the various material options when choosing material for an engineering application. This study proposes an integrated (hybrid) strategy for selecting the optimal material for an engineering design depending on design requirements. The primary objective is to determine the best candidate material for the drone wings based on Ashby's performance indices and then rank the result using a grey relational technique with the entropy weight method. Aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, composites, and wood have been suggested as suitable materials for manufacturing drone wings. The requirements for designing a drone's wings are to make them as light as possible while meeting the stiffness, strength, and fracture toughness criteria. The conclusion indicates that Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is the best material for producing drone wings. In contrast, wood and aluminum alloys were the cheapest materials when the design had to be inexpensive.
Exploring the Three Factors of Economic Development and Their Role in the Emergence of the Great Divergence and Little Divergence
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Smirnov I. O.
Published: July 2023

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has generated a fresh impetus to investigate the underlying reasons for sustained economic growth. To better understand the present-day situation, it is helpful to examine historical periods such as the Great Divergence and Little Divergence, which respectively saw Europe and Northern Europe experience significant economic growth compared to the rest of the world or region. However, many existing explanatory models contain inconsistencies, especially when applied to the Little Divergence. This study uses institutional theory, statistical analysis, and comparative analysis of theoretical models to propose an origi­nal model for institutional change leading to long-term growth. This model suggests that three factors, namely ethical and economic motivation for intensifying economic activity, along with social institutions that support collective action, led to the development of a market-based economy in early-modern Europe. Institutions are found to be responsible for consolidating short-term economic growth rather than just motivating individuals to work harder. The model is tested against historical data from five European countries between the 12th and 17th centuries — Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, England, and France. The study concludes by suggesting further research possibilities for developing predictive models that explain long-term growth in modern economies.
Theoretical Synthesis of the Institutional and Narrative Approaches in the Context of the Concept of Meme
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Fedorov K. Y.
Published: July 2023

Human rationality has long been an important yet unresolved problem. Narrative and institutional economics, as well as the concept of memes, aim to rationalize the irrational. However, each approach faces challenges when trying to go beyond its traditional field of activity, resulting in fragmentation. The specifi­city of narrative and institutional economics also makes them unsuitable for creating a single, generalized theory of rationalization of the irrational. In contrast, memetics has the potential to produce such a theory. To further this potential, we propose to synthesize the narrative and institutional concepts into a more comprehensive meme concept. Narratives, when interpreted broadly, share characteristics with memes and can be included in the meme concept. Institutions are viewed as tools for disseminating and consolidating memes. Memes are propa­gated through both the verbal and mental activity of people, which comprises not only spoken language but also thought patterns, beliefs, elements of culture, including institutions. This unification offers a potentially productive theoretical framework for the rationalization of the irrational. By understanding how cultural patterns are formed, disseminated, and consolidated, we can gain a better understanding of human behavior and decision-making.
From Standard Territorial Development Strategies to Their Individualization
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Bochko V. S. , Zakharchuk E. A. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: July 2023

In today’s world, it is a common practice to devise strategic documents for the long-term development of territories, which requires not only theoretical and methodological approaches, but also a new individualized approach to the implementation of such strategies. In addition to setting goals, objectives, and measures for achieving a desired future for territories, the authors suggest using tailored approaches that take into account the territory’s unique characteristics in production, economy, and socio-culture. These measures should reflect the needs of specific groups, which are considered the basic social units of individualization in territorial development strategies. The authors emphasize the important roles of heads of regions and municipalities, as well as educated members of local communities in developing individualized strategies. They note that successful individualization requires the unity of administrative and managerial forces, along with social forces. The authors, however, caution against the “cobra effect”, which occurs when individualized strategies only satisfy the needs of a particular group, rather than all social groups in the territory. Overall, this study’s results are recommeded for national, regional and local governments seeking to create and update strategic development documents.
Old-Age Pension Systems in Modern Socialist Countries: A Comparative Analysis
Authors:   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Moseiko V. V.
Published: July 2023

This article provides an overview of old-age pension systems in contemporary socialist countries, namely China, North Korea, the Republic of Cuba, Vietnam, and Lao PDR. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the distinctive characteristics of these systems. Through an examination of academic literature on pension organization and financing, as well as data from the World Bank, OECD, ILO, ASEAN, and statistical departments (USSR, China), the study analyzes the old age pension systems of each country, identifying commonalities and unique features. The study identifies elements aligned with global practices, socialist characteristics, and national peculiarities. Initially, all of the given countries adopted distribution-based pension arrangements that are prevalent worldwide. However, as the systems evolved, distinguishing features emerged, such as pension income inequality and privileges for specific population segments. Moreover, the study explores country-specific features influenced by the national economic context. The impact of the informal sector and illicit income on old-age pensions is uncovered, alongside the significant role of family support. Possible future scenarios for the development of old-age pensions in these countries are proposed.
Features of Industry Markets from the Perspective of Regular-Dynamic Methods
Authors:   Chuvash State University named after I. N. Ulyanov, Slavin V. A. , Ilina L. A. ,   Chuvash State University named after I. N. Ulyanov
Published: July 2023

The article focuses on the application of the regular-dynamic method in the theory of industry markets. It introduces the Hamilton function and key parameters of portal connections that describe market barrier properties and formulates the fundamental equations of market dynamics. The solutions of these equations determine crucial characteristics of commodity-money exchange at each market link and establish relationships that describe typical regimes of local equilibrium market interaction, including perfect and monopolistic competition, pure monopolies and monopsonies, as well as oligopolies and oligopsonies. The study reveals that the interaction among agents in a perfectly competitive market is influenced by weakly disturbed portal connections, which prevent firms from reaching a profitable level of exchange with an equilibrium price solely determined by technological parameters within the firms. In the case of a monopolistically competitive market, the price demonstrates an inversely proportional dependence on the volume of supply, which is characteristic of small businesses offering differentiated goods based on quality. It is observed that the equilibrium price in monopoly markets exhibits monotonic growth as the production activity of interacting firms increases. This price increase is attributed to an elevation in the seller’s barrier and a reduction in the depth of buyers’ market pits in the case of pure monopoly, while the reverse occurs in pure monopsony with an increase in the depth of the buyer’s pit and a decrease in sellers’ barriers. The article investigates the relationship between the equilibrium price and the parameters of technological processes, as well as the barrier properties of firms acting as sellers and buyers in oligopoly and oligopsony markets. Furthermore, the study highlights that the structure and effectiveness of oligo markets significantly depend on the relative positioning of technological frequencies between market leaders and outsiders. The article proposes an analytical description of the “race for the leader” effect. Lastly, for all the analyzed modes of market interactions, the stability of the processes governing equilibrium price formation is substantiated.
Evaluating the Impact of Monetary Policy on Regional Investment Dynamics: A Classification of Evaluation Models
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Territorial Division of the Siberian Main Branch of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, Solodovnikov S. V. , Bolyachin Yu. V. ,   Krasnoyarsk Territorial Division of the Siberian Main Branch of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

The evaluation of the impact of monetary policy on investment is an important area of economic research. This paper reviews the literature on the subject and identifies the evolution of research methods used to assess the impact of monetary policy on investment and other macro indicators. The early studies could only determine the presence or absence of territorial heterogeneity, but did not identify the factors causing this heterogeneity. As the research expanded, better models were developed, and new variables were included to improve the specification of econometric models. Currently, vector autoregression models (VAR-models) are considered the most appropriate method for assessing the monetary policy impact on regional investments. Additional variables and models that consider spatial interaction are expected to improve evaluation methods for investment dynamics. This paper provides insights for economists, researchers, and politicians to better understand the impact of monetary policy on investment and the factors that contribute to regional heterogeneity.
Kecimol Music As Cultural Identification Of Sasak Ethnic
Authors: Yudarta I Gede , Pasek I Nyoman
Published: July 2023

Music is one of the arts in West Nusa Tenggara region, precisely in Lombok Island. In that region there are two types of Kecimol, modern and traditional. The existence of these two types of cimol is very contradictory. The existence of these two types of kecimol is in compatible. The existence of modern kecimol is much more popular than the traditional one in the community life. The occurrence of the above phenomena arose the desire to raise the traditional kecimol music as an object of study with the aim to elevate the existence of the music as a cultural attraction that contains Sasak cultural values. This study is the initial step to understand the existence of kecimol music because of several topics to be discussed such as: background and history of the existence of ketimol music, its shape, structure and function in community life.
Application of epidural steroid injection for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation in Vietnam
Authors: Le Minh Van , Tran Tam Thai Thanh , Tran Nghia Minh , Tran Bao Lam Thai , Nguyen Thang
Published: July 2023

Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) have been mentioned by international medical literature as an option for treatment and pain relief for patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Several studies worldwide have recognized the efficacy of treating LDH with ESIs to be between 72-86%. Our study aimed to elucidate the ESIs technique's effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages. A 30-day pre-post study in 100 LDH patients underwent the ESIs technique. Patients meeting the criteria received physical examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans before undergoing the method. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was applied to assess the patient's hospitalization condition after ESIs 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days. After 1 day of ESIs, 85% of patients responded well (10% excellent and 75% moderate), and this prevalence increased up to 95% after 7 days and 30 of follow-up. The ESIs safety assessment after 1 day of treatment recorded that 2% of patients had complications and 24% had medication side effects. After 7 days, 4% of patients had epigastric pain and no more complications. Treatment outcomes of ESIs were effective and high safety in patients with LDH.
المؤرخ عبد الواحد ذنون وابحاثه في التاريخ العربي الاندلسي
Authors: هند يوسف مجيد ا.د. , ثورة خطاب علي ا.د. , صدام حسين خضير ا.م.د.
Published: July 2023

يمثل البحث دراسة للمجهودات العلمية للأستاذ الدكتور عبد الواحد ذنون و آراءه وتحليلاته العلمية و إسهاماته العلمية في إثراء المكتبة الوطنية و العربية بالبحوث التي بلغت 110 بحث و مساهماته في المؤتمرات و الندوات من خلال تلك البحوث حول تاريخ الحضارة العربية الإسلامية و تاريخ المغرب العربي و حتى في المشرق أيضا. حيث درسنا في البحث عدة مواضيع منها السيرة العلمية المختصرة للدكتور عبد الواحد ذنون ومنهج عبد الواحد ذنون في كتابة البحوث التاريخية حيث استعرضنا عدة بحوث في التاريخ الاندلسي 0  حيث برزت شخصية الدكتور عبد الواحد ذنون في الاوساط الاكاديمية خلال ولعه بالبحث التاريخي والحفر في المصادر التاريخية عن الكثير من المسكوت عنه كشخصيات او مدن او حوادث تاريخية والهدف من ذلك هو ازالت اللبس والشكوك عن بعض الاحداث .
الخلاف الصرفي في المؤنثات السماعية
Authors: فليح خضير شني أ. د.
Published: July 2023

إن مسألة التذكير والتأنيث في اللغة العربية لها من الأهمية التي دفعت كثيراً من العلماء إلى درستها فظهرت مؤلفات كثيرة في هذا المجال اختلف أصحابها فيما بينهم في تذكير وتأنيث مجموعة من الألفاظ التي عرفت بالمؤنثات السماعية ، فهم جمعوا ما سُمع عن العرب في هذه الكلمات من دون الخوض في الأسباب التي دفعت بعظهم إلى التذكير وبعظهم الآخر إلى التأنيث . وفي هذا البحث سنتناول هذا الخلاف محاولين الوقوف على أسبابه.