bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El interés superior en la trayectoria educativa de los niños, niñas y adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista en Chile
Authors: Meza Constanza Astudillo , Miranda Alexis Mondaca
Published: February 2022

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar las necesidades educativas especiales de los niños, niñas o adolescentes que presentan un trastorno del espectro autista, desde el punto de vista del principio del interés superior aplicado a casos determinados en el contexto de la educación chilena. En este orden de ideas, nos referimos a la admisión de tales niños, niñas o adolescentes en los recintos educacionales considerando el mencionado principio y su aplicación para cada caso en concreto. Como resultado de esta investigación, se determina que debe rechazarse la mera existencia de un trastorno del espectro autista como fundamento de una decisión de no renovación de matrícula y que la derivación a recintos educacionales especiales debe ser una medida excepcional, y se propone una primacía de la “inclusión ” por sobre la “integración”.
Aproximações entre Paulo Freire e Theodor Adorno em torno da educação emancipatória
Authors: Oliveira Damião Bezerra , Fortunato Izan Rodrigues de Souza , Abreu Waldir Ferreira de
Published: February 2022

Resumo Buscou-se, em um movimento aproximativo entre Freire e Adorno, compreender como é possível constituir a ação educativa como ato que favorece a emancipação, a libertação e a autonomia do ser humano, mediante a seguinte indagação: quais são os pontos de articulação entre Freire e Adorno no tocante ao conceito de educação emancipatória? A pesquisa é caracterizada como teórico-reflexiva e bibliográfica, tomando, como fontes principais de análise, obras de Freire e Adorno e, complementarmente, os escritos de autores relevantes para o desenvolvimento do tema. Freire e Adorno contrapõem as suas perspectivas críticas ao pensamento tradicional concernente à educação vigente, problematizam as teorias tradicionais e buscam superá-las em nome da promoção da emancipação, da autonomia e da libertação, reconhecidas como objetivos formativos fundamentais. Os dois pensadores mostram-se vigilantes em relação às possibilidades regressivas de uma formação que adeque e conforme o educando ao mundo instituído, mantendo-o oprimido, reprodutor, um mero consumidor de conteúdos didatizados. A educação emancipatória insurge-se contra a formação de “um ser menos”, coisificado2 em sua subjetividade, incapaz de ser ou de lutar para vir a ser o protagonista, o construtor de sua própria existência, com a finalidade de fazer emergir uma forma de vida em comum que reconheça a pluralidade dos modos de ser, o que é demandado pela cidadania democrática da contemporaneidade.
Decréscimo nas notificações compulsórias registradas pela Rede Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica Hospitalar do Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19: um estudo descritivo, 2017-2020
Authors: Sallas Janaína , Elidio Guilherme Almeida , Costacurta Giovana Ferreira , Frank Carlos Henrique Michiles , Rohlfs Daniela Buosi , Pacheco Flávia Caselli , Guilhem Dirce Bellezi
Published: February 2022

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as notificações compulsórias de doenças, agravos e eventos de saúde pública (DAEs) registradas pela Rede Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica Hospitalar (Renaveh) do Brasil antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo ecológico descritivo, com registros do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) no período correspondente às Semanas Epidemiológicas (SEs) 1 de 2017 (1º de janeiro de 2017) a 52 de 2020 (26 de dezembro de 2020). Resultados: No período de 2017 a 2020, a Renaveh notificou 1.258.455 fichas de DAEs, das quais apenas 225.081 (17,9%) foram notificadas em 2020, representando um decréscimo de 146.340 registros em relação às notificações de 2019. Na análise temporal por SE, houve decréscimo maior que mil registros nas notificações a partir da SE 12. Conclusão: Houve decréscimo nas notificações compulsórias de DAEs registradas pela Renaveh em todo o período analisado, com destaque para o ano de 2020.
Leishmaniose visceral no Piauí, 2007-2019: análise ecológica de séries temporais e distribuição espacial de indicadores epidemiológicos e operacionais
Authors: Chaves André Felipe de Castro Pereira , Costa Igor Vinícius Soares , Brito Matheus Oliveira de , Sousa Neto Francisco Aragão de , Mascarenhas Márcio Dênis Medeiros
Published: February 2022

Resumo Objetivo Analisar indicadores epidemiológicos e operacionais, a tendência temporal e a distribuição espacial da leishmaniose visceral (LV), bem como a coinfecção LV-HIV no estado do Piauí, Brasil, no período de 2007 a 2019. Métodos Estudo ecológico de séries temporais. Empregou-se a regressão de Prais-Winsten para analisar a tendência da incidência, letalidade e indicadores operacionais da LV. Resultados A incidência média de LV no estado foi de 6,03/100 mil habitantes, com tendência crescente na faixa de 40-59 anos [variação percentual anual (VPA) = 3,88; IC95% 0,49;7,40]; e nas regiões localizadas ao sul do estado: Tabuleiros do Alto Parnaíba (VPA = 14,19; IC95% 3,91;25,50); e Chapada das Mangabeiras (VPA = 12,15; IC95% 6,69;24,96). A letalidade média foi de 6,02%, mantendo-se estável. A taxa média de evolução para cura foi de 52,58%, com tendência decrescente (VPA = -5,67; IC95% -8,05;-3,23). Conclusão Houve tendência de aumento na incidência e de redução na taxa de cura da leishmaniose visceral.
Diabetes como um fator associado ao óbito hospitalar por COVID-19 no Brasil, 2020
Authors: Garces Thiago Santos , Sousa George Jó Bezerra , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Florêncio Raquel Sampaio , Damasceno Lara Lídia Ventura , Pereira Maria Lúcia Duarte , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: February 2022

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre diabetes mellitus e óbito hospitalar por COVID-19 no Brasil, de fevereiro a agosto de 2020. Métodos: Estudo transversal, sobre casos notificados como síndrome gripal no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Gripe, positivos para COVID-19 e hospitalizados. A magnitude da associação do diabetes com o óbito foi estimada por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: Foram analisados dados de 397.600 casos hospitalizados, dos quais 32,0% (n = 127.231) evoluíram a óbito. A prevalência de óbito entre pessoas com diabetes foi de 40,8% (RP = 1,41; IC95% 1,39;1,42). Após ajustes por variáveis sociodemográficas e comorbidades, observou-se que o óbito foi 1,15 vez mais frequente entre aqueles com diabetes (IC95% 1,14;1,16). Conclusão: 3 a cada 20 óbitos por COVID-19 ocorreram em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus, destacando-se a suscetibilidade dessa população e a necessidade de controle dessa doença crônica.
Dioctophyme renale in wandering dogs in Pelotas, South of Brasil
Authors: Brunner Carolina Buss , Scheid Haide Valeska , Venancio Fabiano da Rosa , Lima Jéssica Line Farias de , Faccini Leonardo Schuler , Sallis Eliza Simone Viégas , Raffi Margarida Buss
Published: February 2022

Abstract This study aimed to verify the occurrence of Dioctophyme renale in stray dogs in the city of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas received 146 wandering dogs for necropsy, sent by the City Hall of Pelotas from March 2012 to January 2020. Among the necropsied animals, seventeen dogs (11.64%) were diagnosed with dioctophymosis. Among these dogs, 11 were parasitized with one specimen in the right kidney, two dogs presented two specimens in the right kidney, and in other two dogs, the parasites were in the abdominal cavity. In one dog, two parasites were found in the left kidney; in another dog, both kidneys were parasitized, with two parasites in the right kidney and one in the left kidney. The data obtained in this study showed that the occurrence of D. renale in stray dogs in the city of Pelotas is high, and D. renale mainly parasitizes the right kidney.
Checagem da veracidade do conteúdo de vídeos do Youtube que universitários utilizam para estudar
Authors: Nagumo Estevon , Teles Lucio França
Published: February 2022

Os estudantes do Ensino Superior têm utilizado o Youtube como uma fonte de estudo, contudo em um contexto de desinformação é preciso atenção no uso dessa rede social. Com o objetivo de analisar como os estudantes universitários checam a veracidade do conteúdo de vídeos do Youtube que utilizam para estudar, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com o uso da Teoria Fundamentada. Foram coletadas 194 respostas por meio de questionário on-line e realizadas 23 entrevistas on-line. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio do software Atlas.TI com o uso da Teoria Fundamentada. Notou-se que os estudantes ao confiarem em dados da plataforma - como utilizarem o número de visualizações como critério de escolha de um vídeo - pode deixá-los mais expostos à desinformação. Os estudantes pesquisados também indicaram diferentes estratégias de checagem do conteúdo dos vídeos – como comparar o conteúdo com outras fontes - e relataram que esse aprendizado de verificação decorreu de suas experiências na universidade, família e internet. Assim, maximizar os benefícios e minimizar os males da utilização Youtube para estudos depende de um uso crítico dessa tecnologia pelos estudantes.
EXPANSÃO E INTERIORIZAÇÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL – UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Almeida Daniela da Cunha Lopes , Silva Silvia Maria Cintra da
Published: February 2022

O processo de interiorização das Universidades Federais brasileiras contribuiu expressivamente para a democratização do acesso ao ensino superior público federal. No entanto, a expansão está marcada, em muitas situações, por precariedades na infraestrutura dos seus campi e por disputas políticas e econômicas que acabam dificultando a consolidação de muitas instituições. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, se propôs a investigar a trajetória da implantação do campus Patos de Minas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, por meio de análise documental de notícias sobre o processo de implantação e atas de reuniões dos Conselhos Universitário, Diretor e de Graduação da instituição. A pesquisa surgiu da necessidade de ampliar a compreensão de uma das causalidades envolvidas no fenômeno da evasão no campus: a história conturbada da construção de sua infraestrutura, que após 11 anos ainda não foi concretizada. Foi possível identificar que diante das expectativas e das necessidades dos estudantes ao ingressarem em uma universidade pública, a saída do curso em que estavam matriculados devido às precárias condições oferecidas naquele momento foi apontada por muitos discentes, o que coloca o campus como um ator importante a ser considerado no estudo da evasão.
EL LENGUAJE, AQUEL ARTILUGIO QUE NOS HACE COMUNIDAD: LECTURA-ESCRITURA-ORALIDAD (LEO), MEMORIA Y JUSTICIA SOCIAL
Authors: Cardona Natalia Duque
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo tiene como propósito exponer el lenguaje como un dispositivo cultural que promueve formas de organización comunal una vez se interpelan saber, poder y subjetividad a partir de lenguajes políticos de la lectura que responden a valores y principios comunitarios. De este modo lo comunal vinculado a procesos de educación lectora que involucran la memoria con intención de justicia social aportan a la consolidación de sociedades democráticas radicales. El desarrollo de este trabajo se sitúa en el programa de acción/investigación de bibliotecas desde Abya-Yala: sociedades y culturas del Sur, y en específico en la línea Bibliotecas, lecturas, escrituras y oralidades. Metodológicamente el artículo hace uso de un análisis teórico-documental que mediante de una lectura crítica fundamenta el lenguaje en marcos comprensivos que amplían su mirada en las Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, retomando diversos referentes teóricos contemporáneos como Zambrano, Bértolo, Therborn, Escobar, Butler, Fraser, entre otras. Finalmente se presentan una serie de alternativas que posicionan el lenguaje en relación con la educación lectora como oportunidades para el acontecer en el mundo de la vida. Se hace uso del pronombre y objeto directo femeninos para dirigirme a las personas sin importar su género o sexo.
Latest Results from Immunotherapy Clinical Trials in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors:   5th Department Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, Marousi, Athens 151 23, Greece, Strimpakos Alexios , Tsigaridas Konstantinos ,   5th Department Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, Marousi, Athens 151 23, Greece, Avgoustidou Maria ,   St. Lukas Klinik Solingen, Germany
Published: February 2022

Cancer immunotherapy has evolved enormously in the recent years with better understanding of immune reactions, immune microenvironment and immunosurveillance. Breast cancer is characterized by large heterogeneity, a fact which rather complicated the development and the approval of novel therapeutic options in comparison to the majority of other solid tumors since each subtype has required a unique scientific approach and different targets and goals. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered the most aggressive of the breast cancer subtypes with limited treatment options and worse outcome compared to others. This article summarizes some of the early clinical studies and the recently presented phase III clinical study of immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors in this difficult setting
Diversity and Recruitment of Minorities in Clinical Trials: An Unmet Need
Authors:   Founder, IntCom Trials and Research, Avenue Nouvelle 78, Brussels, Belgium, Vives Nathalie
Published: February 2022

Patient centricity has led to the idea that drugs should answer medical needs not only defined by the medical bodies but relevant for the patients themselves. This implies that the diversity of the patients should be represented in clinical trials. Disparities in representation of diverse populations in clinical trials have been well-documented for several pathologies like arterial hypertension, diabetes but also in oncology. Today, Caucasian patients included in clinical trials represent at least 75% of the clinical trials population even in pathologies where minorities are largely more affected than Caucasians. Filling the gap in diversity is an important matter to ensure ethics, good practices, regulatory compliance, patient safety and scientific validity. To achieve their recruitment goals and being patient centric, sponsors and investigational sites need to pay attention of this problem and put in place specific strategies. Mistrust of patients of minority groups toward clinical research is one of the main barriers along with lack of access to clinical trials (low awareness, communication barriers, distance to investigational sites). Adapted communication, community-based strategies are some of the useful strategies directed to the patients. Investigators may not encounter diverse populations in their area or may not be aware of unconscious bias when identifying patients suitable for a clinical trial. Looking for referrals and raising awareness of the risk of bias with training on culturally sounded approaches could help investigators to recruit more diverse populations. Lack of awareness and costs may prevent sponsors to focus on diversity but ethics, benefits of data acquisition and patient centricity should be enough motivators to modify this trend. Patients, investigators and sponsors have their own barriers to tackle the lack of diversity in clinical trials. The cultural background of all stakeholders is an important factor in those barriers. Only multidisciplinary approaches including human sciences would help to define patient recruitment strategies that would mitigate the current lack of diversity.
Innovation in Clinical Trials is Possible: The Hidden Opportunity in the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Emergency
Authors:   Clinical Study Manager, Medtronic, Rome, Italy, Scarano Valeria L. , Smaldone Davide ,   Corporate IT Demand Manager, Menarini Group, Florence, Itlay
Published: February 2022

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) emergency has clearly shown the need to discover, test and produce a new vaccine but also in general the fragility of the current chain of clinical trials. Through this emergency, is it possible to look at the current clinical trial processes with new eyes? Is it possible to seize the opportunity for change and to have confidence in the possibility of their improvement? In this short article the authors wanted to give an optimistic answer to this question by pushing on the possibilities of innovation nowadays.
C-C Chemokine Receptor Seven (CCR7): Coming of Age In Vaccines
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA, Bill Colin A. , Soto Olga B. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA, Vines Charlotte M. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
Published: February 2022

In casual conversation with non-medical individuals, it is common for them to ask: why do we not have a cure for cancer or vaccinations for all diseases? It seems somewhat logical to assume that after so many years of research that cures should be readily available, diseases in general should simply require a pill or jab and that somehow, if scientists are not deliberately hiding these cures, then they must be asleep at the wheel. A typical response to such questions focuses on the complexity of the different cancers/diseases and that there will be no “one cure fits all”. When it comes to vaccinations, there is absolutely no doubt that many vaccines are extremely effective and a multitude of publications can attest to this and cite how many lives have been saved because of our vaccination programs; indeed, vaccinations typically pop up on a list of reasons why humans today are living substantially longer than at any previous time in history.1-3 Nevertheless, there is always an overriding and to some extent embarrassing realization that despite the relative success of vaccines we still do not, for the most part, know how to make consistently effective vaccines and that often it boils down to a trial and error procedure to establish the best vaccine for a given target
Herd Immunity Conferred By Hepatitis B Vaccination Increases the Protection Efficacy against Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors:   Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China and State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China, Wang Yuting , Lu Ling-Ling ,   Qidong People's Hospital and Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province 226200, China, Wang Dongmei ,   Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China and State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China, Qu Chunfeng ,   Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China and State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
Published: February 2022

Most of the chronic infections with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are acquired in perinatal period or in early life in China. We conducted HBV serosurveys in the same community among the age 5-6 year old children who were born in 1979-1980, in 1985-1986, and in 2002-2003, respectively. The seropositive rate of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was 11.43% in the unvaccinated population. It decreased to 2.08% among the vaccinated children born in the same year. With increased vaccination coverage the HBsAg seropositive rate decreased to 0.24% among the age 6-7 year old children born in 2002-2003, with 98.21% protection efficacy. Herd immunity conferred by HBV vaccination increases the protection efficacy against HBV infection.
Cell Derived Virus-Like Particles (VLP) in Future Vaccine Development
Authors:   Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA, Walpita Pramila
Published: February 2022

Traditionally, viral vaccines have been based on inactivated or live attenuated viruses. While in general, they are highly effective, in some cases they fail to provide adequate immunogenicity, safety or can even cause adverse events. In the case of live attenuated vaccines, achieving a stable optimally attenuated virus is often difficult and there is the potential for reversion. Transmission to the immunocompromised individuals is an additional concern. Inactivated vaccines run the risk of inducing enhanced disease. Single proteins, including single protein nano-particle vaccine attempts have not been successful to date for human use. Various other ways of making vaccines have also been attempted by engineering the virus.
Recent Advances in Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines Development
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada, Zakhartchouk Alexander N.
Published: February 2022

Recombinant adenovirus-vectored vaccines based on human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5) have been extensively studied both pre-clinically and in clinical trials for the past 25 years. Initially, they were considered as the most promising platform for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine development. However, HAdV-5-based vaccine did not meet expectations in a large-scale clinical trial called STEP trial. In that trial, the vaccine not only showed lack of efficacy, but also suggested an increased trend for HIV acquisition in individuals with pre-existing HAdV-5 neutralizing antibodies.
The Concept of Developing a Plasmodium vivax Malarial Vaccine with a Focus on its Pre-erythrocytic Stage
Authors:   School of Science, BMS, Colombo 06, Sri Lanka, Aarif Tuan Imaad , Dias Sajani ,   School of Science, BMS, Colombo 06, Sri Lanka
Published: February 2022

Plasmodium vivax, one of the most prevalent human malarial parasites, continues to cause significant morbidity for hundreds of millions worldwide. Due to increasing drug resistance and vivax specific relapses, immunoprophylaxis signifies a key control strategy in efforts to eradicate malaria worldwide. By far, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) based vaccines are being developed since the 1980’s. However, they have produced major limitations in eliciting partial immune responses towards the parasite. Nevertheless, the Long Synthetic Peptides (LSP’s) and Vivax Malarial Protein 001 (VMP001) have produced considerable amount of immune responses and are currently undergoing phase 1 clinical trials according to several studies. Recent developments of a Virus-like particle (VLP) was found to be an efficacious vaccine candidate against a human sporozoite challenge model. The VLP’s elicited high antibody titers that remained consistent for a number of days but eventually decreased. In addition, vaccine candidates such as the VLP’s are currently being used to target CSP based–antigens such as the Cell-Traversal Proteins to obstruct hepatocyte invasion by sporozoites. However, substantial humoral and cellular immune responses were not produced to alleviate this process. Further research of these vaccine candidates as well as to analyze its effects towards specific CSP based antigens would immensely contribute to move clinical development forward and to further identify mechanism of immunity.
Education and Health System Collaboration are Indispensable in Vaccination Coverage
Authors:   School of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 253, Xuefu Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China, Sun Chengjun
Published: February 2022

The practice of immunization dates back hundreds of years. Over the 18th and 19th centuries, systematic implementation of mass smallpox immunization culminated in its global eradication in 1979. The 20th century saw great successes at developing vaccines and reducing the burden of infectious diseases such as yellow fever, hepatitis B and influenza.
A Review of Vaccine Efficacy Measures
Authors:   Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M2-C200, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Dasgupta Sayan
Published: February 2022

To fully understand the assessments of vaccine efficacy and safety, the crucial information needed for regulatory approval, one must understand the principles of vaccine epidemiology. In this review article, we go through some of the key concepts in vaccine epidemiology
Consensus Meeting on International Standards for Oral Whole Cell Killed Cholera Vaccines, 17-18 May 2018, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Authors:   International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea and Independent Consultant, Odevall Lina , Rijpkema Sjoerd ,   Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN63QG, UK, Smith Dean ,   Bacterial & Combination Vaccines Division, Biologics and Genetics Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 100 Eglantine Driveway, AL 0602B, Ottawa, Canada, Wu Tong ,   Bacterial & Combination Vaccines Division, Biologics and Genetics Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 100 Eglantine Driveway, AL 0602B, Ottawa, Canada, Qadri Firdausi ,   Infectious Diseases Division; Enteric and Respiratory Infections; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali; Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh, Holmgren Jan ,   Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden, Lynch Julia ,   International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea, Pavliak Viliam ,   International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
Published: February 2022

Cholera causes an estimated 3 million cases of watery diarrhea and 100,000 deaths globally per year. Although the long-term solution for cholera control lies in universal access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation, Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCVs) are the most cost-effective measure to contain and prevent the disease and are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as part of an integrated strategy to control cholera. Currently, three OCVs are WHO prequalified and two of these are part of the cholera vaccine stockpile. Other OCVs have been developed for national use or are under development. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are used by both manufacturers of OCVs and national regulatory agencies (NRAs) for: in process analysis, as a potency assay for drug substance and drug product batch release, and as an indicator of stability during the shelf life of OCVs. To ensure quality and consistency of this assay performed by different OCV manufacturers and NRAs, harmonization of assay reagents by the introduction of WHO International Standards (IS) for essential reagents is desirable. In May 2018, the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) with assistance from National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) and financial support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) organized a meeting with representatives from vaccine manufacturers, NRAs, leading research institutions and independent experts to discuss and share experiences on potency assays for batch release and select reagents of the LPS Inhibition ELISA as candidate WHO ISs.
Self-Adjuvanting Peptide Vaccines Against Cervical Cancer
Authors:   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, Truong Hannah Hanh-Hong , Hussein Waleed M. ,   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia and Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt, Liu Tzu-Yu ,   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, Jia Zhongfan ,   Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, Wells James W. ,   The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, Monteiro Michael J. ,   Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, Skwarczynski Mariusz ,   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, Skwarczynski Mariusz ,   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia and School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
Published: February 2022

Background Cervical cancer is a common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide, with a fatality rate second only to breast cancer. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the main causative agents of cervical cancer, and are therefore obvious targets for vaccine development. Although two prophylactic HPV vaccines have been commercialized, therapeutic vaccines against HPVs have not been developed yet. Current vaccine technologies emphasize the power of small particles in targeting immune cells, and particles of 20-50 nm have been reported to induce optimal immune responses against a variety of pathogens and cancers. Methods We synthesized new nanoparticle-based vaccines against cervical cancer by using antigenic 8Qmin peptide epitope derived from HPV-16 E7 protein, a hydrophilic poly-(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) linker, and an 8-arm poly (tert-butyl acrylate) dendrimer-based delivery system (D8). Results Four different peptides containing 8Qmin and PGA of different lengths were successfully synthesized with high yield and purity. These were then conjugated to alkyne-functionalized D8 by copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition “click” reaction. The conjugates self-assembled into nanoparticles, with decreased particle size corresponding to a greater number of Glu units. The four vaccine candidates were tested in C57 black 6 (C57BL/6) mice bearing well-established (7-day-old) tumors to examine their therapeutic effects. Conclusion Interestingly, only one conjugate delayed tumor growth, and montanide adjuvanted antigen, used as a positive control, failed to demonstrate any therapeutic effect.
Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance of the Probiotic Bacteria Found in Commercial Food Products
Authors:   Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK, Priyadarshana R. M. Asela , Daniel Clarencia R. ,   Department of Molecular Biology, Nawaloka Green Cross Laboratories, Nawaloka Hospitals PLC, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Published: February 2022

Aim The Lactobacillus is an industrially-important group of probiotic organisms that plays an important role in human health by inhibiting harmful and pathogenic bacterial growth, boosting immune function, and increasing resistance to infection. The aim of this study was to identify the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus based on their phenotypic features and genotypic features. This study also shows the importance of probiotic bacterium, and the effects of their antibiotic resistance to human. Method Six different brands were cultured on man, rogosa and sharpe (MRS) agar. The identity of the culture was based on the characteristics of the strains of Lactobacillus spp. which was characterized using their phenotypic features (cell morphology, Gram’s staining tests which are specific for Lactobacillus genus). The bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted by two different methods, boiled cell method and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Furthermore, the extracted DNA yields were compared to determine which gives the best yield. The bacterial genus was detected with using genus specific primers, specific to the Lactobacillus. All the isolates were further subjected to antibiotic resistance test using disc diffusion method against a total of 4 antibiotics (Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Vancomycin and Ampicillin) and the antibiotic resistant genes of tet(M) & erm(B), were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Five isolates out of six samples (A to E) were found to exhibit multiple resistance against some of the most commonly used antibiotics. The isolates showed resistance toward tetracycline, erythromycin & vancomycin. Besides that, the isolates displayed a low-level of resistance toward ampicillin. Conclusion This study proves that antibiotic resistance is present in different species of probiotic strains, which may pose a food safety concern.
Model Liposomal Delivery System for Drugs and Vaccines
Authors:   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, Firdaus Farrhana Z. , Khalil Zeinab G. ,   Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia and The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Capon Robert J. ,   Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, Skwarczynski Mariusz ,   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, Toth Istvan ,   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia and School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia,   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
Published: February 2022

Background Liposomes have been used for drug delivery since their discovery 60-years-ago. The advantages they provide as carriers have been recognised and exploited to improve the delivery of numerous drugs and eliminate harmful side-effects. Liposomal delivery has been tested for anticancer drugs, anti-tuberculosis drugs, variety of vaccines, just to list a few. Methods We developed a series of liposomal formulations with the addition of cholesterol and polyethylene glycol. The uptake of these formulations by human epithelial prostate cancer (PC-3) cells and mouse macrophages was examined and analysed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results Among the liposomes tested, small anionic liposome vesicles (≤200 nm) prepared with egg phosphatidylglycerol as the main lipid were most effectively taken up by PC-3 cells and macrophages. Conclusion We produced a liposome formulation that can be used as a model system for the delivery of drugs and vaccines.
Leistungsfähigkeit und Hitzebelastung bei Arbeitern in der Papierindustrie
Authors:   Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften, Sport & Gesundheit, Stark Markus ,   AG für Leistungsphysiologie, Training & Trainingstherapie,   Universität Graz, Schwaberger Günther ,   Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Österreich, Tschakert Gerhard ,   Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften, Sport & Gesundheit; AG für Leistungsphysiologie, Training & Trainingstherapie; Universität Graz, Birnbaumer Philipp ,   Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften, Sport & Gesundheit; AG für Leistungsphysiologie, Training & Trainingstherapie; Universität Graz, Hofmann Peter ,   Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften, Sport & Gesundheit; AG für Leistungsphysiologie, Training & Trainingstherapie; Universität Graz
Published: February 2022

Exercise performance and heat stress among workers in paper industry Background and Aim: Heat is a daily component of stress among industrial workers. The World Health Organisation (WHO) sets reference values for the upper limit of tolerance when working in hot and humid conditions at a heart rate (HR) of 110 bpm, irrespective of age and capacity. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of age and exercise performance when working in hot conditions in the paper industry with reference to current limit values. Methods: 187 male employees (age: 36.4 ± 9 yrs, height: 177 ± 6 cm, weight: 82.5 ± 12 kg) from seven paper-producing companies participated in the project. The employees‘ exercise performance was determined by an incremental submaximal cycle-ergometer test measuring heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2) and power output (P). Maximal values (VO2max, Pmax) were calculated. HR was measured for 8 hours (h) during 817 work shifts approximating to 6000 h. Results: The average HR during 8-hour shifts was 93 ± 11 bpm and was significantly below the WHO limit of 110 bpm. However, when performing specific tasks due to disruptions in the production process some employees showed an elevated HR of up to a maximum of 142 ± 17 bpm for a short time (33.8 ± 22 min) due to working in heat at 55 ± 15 °C wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and 10–60 % humidity. There was a significant correlation between the age and fitness of the employees and task-specific increases in HR. Conclusions: It can be stated that short-term heat exposure may lead to significant strain exceeding the tolerance limits. On the whole, however, a higher level of performance decreases the overall work-related strain on employees and results in a lower number of HR increases above the limits. Keywords: heart rate – industrial work – oxygen uptake – safety recommendations – environmental conditions
Der Pausenexpress an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Authors:   Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Allgemeiner Hochschulsport, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Schubert Mathias , Leipold Jana ,   Referentin Personalentwicklung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Friedrich Lukas ,   Programmkonzeption und -betreuung Pausenexpress, Personalentwicklung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Hillen Barlo ,   Sportmedizinische Ambulanz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Dreher Matthias ,   Zentrum für Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Published: February 2022

Seit vielen Jahren fördert die Johannes Gutenberg-Universität (JGU) Mainz die Gesundheit ihrer Mitarbeitenden und Studierenden, unter anderem durch verhaltenspräventive Ansätze wie Bewegungsangebote. Der Pausenexpress bildet inzwischen einen zentralen Baustein und erfreut sich heute großer Beliebtheit – doch es bedurfte einiger Erfahrungen und Anpassungen, um dorthin zu gelangen.
Heidelberger Gespräch 2020
Authors: Kindel Jutta
Published: February 2022

Die 33. Wissenschaftliche Fortbildungstagung für gutachterlich Tätige aus der Medizin, der Psychologie, der Pflege sowie der Rechtswissenschaften in den Bereichen Sozialmedizin und Sozialrecht (kurz: Heidelberger Gespräch) fand am 23. und 24. September 2020 statt. Aufgrund der derzeitig grassierenden Pandemie wurde ein neues Format gewählt und vier Vorträge als LIVE-Webinar angeboten. Anschließend konnten Fragen über den Chat direkt an die Vortragenden gestellt sowie CME-Punkte erworben werden.
Schutzimpfungen am Arbeitsplatz
Authors:   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM), Nesseler Thomas , von Kageneck Donata ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM), Rose Dirk-Matthias ,   Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Umweltmedizin der Universitätsmedizin Mainz
Published: February 2022

Mit dem „Gesetz für den Schutz vor Masern und zur Stärkung der Impfprävention (Masernschutzgesetz)“, das im Frühjahr 2020 in Kraft getreten ist, hat die Gesetzgebung die rechtliche Stellung der Betriebsärztinnen und -ärzte als Akteure im SGB V sowie bei der Prävention durch Schutzimpfungen nochmals gestärkt. In diesem Rahmen fanden Initiativen und Vorschläge der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM) Eingang in den Gesetzestext, unter anderem von § 132e SGB V (Versorgung mit Schutzimpfungen). Im Nachgang zu diesem Gesetz wurde auch die DGAUM immer wieder mit Fragen konfrontiert, wer nun die Kosten bei beruflichen Indikationsimpfungen zu tragen habe, die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen oder die Unternehmen.
Employee Assistance Programs (EAP). Eine Nutzenbetrachtung aus psychotherapeutischer und betriebsmedizinischer Perspektive
Authors:   Prevent.on GmbH, Frankfurt, Schuster Nadine
Published: February 2022

Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) oder auch Mitarbeiterberatungsprogramme sind seit vielen Jahren betriebliche Praxis zur Unterstützung von Menschen mit beruflichen oder privaten Problemen. Doch wie findet die Einbettung in betriebliche Strukturen statt? Wie hat sich vielleicht auch die Inanspruchnahme durch die Covid-19-Pandemie verändert? Welche Vernetzungen sind nötig, damit lange Ausfallzeiten verhindert werden können? Der vorliegende Artikel gibt Antworten auf diese Fragen.
Arbeitsplatzbezogene Ansätze in der Psychotherapie
Authors:   Institut für Psychologie, Stiftung Universität Hildesheim, Lessing Nora , Hansmann Marieke ,   Institut für Psychologie, Stiftung Universität Hildesheim, Kröger Christoph ,   Institut für Psychologie, Stiftung Universität Hildesheim
Published: February 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird die Rolle der Arbeit in der Psychotherapie thematisiert. Anhand der Beschreibung von arbeitsplatzbezogenen Ansätzen wird erläutert, wie arbeitsplatzbezogene Faktoren und Interventionen in die Psychotherapie integriert und wie Störungen behandelt werden, die mit dem Arbeitsplatz in Zusammenhang stehen. Störungsspezifische Therapieansätze werden dabei (exkurshaft) ebenso berücksichtigt.
The SDGs as an Operational Framework for Post COVID-19 Response and Recovery
Authors:   Cairo University, Gamaet El Qahera St., Mohieldin Mahmoud , Shehata Miral ,   University of Chicago
Published: February 2022

Despite progress on a number of goals, the world was not moving fast enough towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the pre-COVID era. The Decade of Action started with the hit of the COVID-19 crisis, which stressed the urgent need to tackle the root causes of vulnerabilities. This paper explores the roles of different critical actors towards achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs), namely national governments; local and regional governments and local communities; and the business sector as well as the interactions among these actors that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. The paper also discusses how the SDGs provide an operational framework for building back better during the response and recovery phases from the crisis and how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the policy scene to reimagine the roles played by the different actors. Lastly, the paper elaborates on three critical factors that would shape the degree of progress in the next decade, namely dependable data, adequate finance and effective implementation of development policies.
Saudi Arabian 2030 Vision and Entrepreneurial Intention Among University Students
Authors:   Northern Border University, D. Alshrari Abdullah , Hassan Omer Waddah Kamal ,   University of Aden, Salmen Aljaaidi Khaled ,   Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University
Published: February 2022

The purposes of this study are to report the degree of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabian 2030 Vision’s (KSA 2030 Vision) awareness among students, and to examine the association of entrepreneurial intention with the awareness of the KSA 2030 Vision in College of Business Administration at the Northern Border University. Using data from a self-administered survey, with a final sample of 266 students, the descriptive and Simple Regression results show that there is a low degree of awareness towards the KSA 2030 Vision among the students, and the entrepreneurial intention is negatively associated with the KSA 2030 Vision awareness. The results of this study give an alarming view as to the current low level awareness of the College of Business students towards the KSA 2030 Vision, and how this low degree of awareness can influence negatively the achievement of the country’s long-term vision. The results of this study should be useful to policy makers in Saudi Arabia at the country, ministry of education the university and elsewhere, as the KSA is aiming to achieve the ambitious KSA 2030 Vision.
Audit Fees and Audit Quality: Evidence from GCC Region
Authors:   Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Salmen Aljaaidi khaled , Bin Abidin Shamharir ,   Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Kamal Hassan Waddah ,   University of Aden
Published: February 2022

This study examines the association of audit fees with audit quality among a total of 104 and 108 non-financial companies listed on GCC stock markets for the periods preceding and subsequent the event, respectively, over the period 2005–2010. Using OLS regression, the results show that there is a significantly positive association between audit fees and audit quality for the periods preceding and subsequent the new auditor selection. Further, the results of this study contribute to the existing theory and empirical evidence of how the audit fees are associated with audit quality in the periods preceding and subsequent to the new auditor selection. This study offers policy-makers additional evidence to be used for setting up and/or enacting regulations in GCC region regarding issues related to audit fees.
The influence of value co-creation on customer loyalty, behavioural intention, and customer satisfaction in emerging markets
Authors:   University of Otago, Kamali Mehran , Zarea Hadi ,   Laval University, Su Zhan ,   Laval University, Soltani Saeideh ,   University of Tehran
Published: February 2022

One of the current major trends in the media industry is customer value co-creation. User participation can significantly affect news media organisations. This study examines the impact of value co-creation on the loyalty, satisfaction, and behavioural tendencies of media consumers, using a survey of users of My Fars news platform. The conceptual model of this study is developed and tested by using survey data from 283 users of the news campaign in Fars News and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is employed to simultaneously test the hypothesized relationships. The results show that user participation in value co-creation significantly affects their satisfaction, loyalty, and behavioural tendencies.
Political economy of media: An income-expense analysis of state aids to Iranian newspapers
Authors:   University of Tehran, Khajeheian Datis , Jafari Abbas ,   University of Tehran, Abdolhossein Habib ,   University of Tehran, Ghaderifar Esmaeil ,   Vice-presidency for Science and Technology, Iran
Published: February 2022

Iranian newspapers have traditionally relied on state aids and public budget to survive. The dependency has still lingered amid a change of policy that has affected the newspapers’ financial status. This article invokes the available data on governmental support to examine the political economy of newspapers in Iran during the two decades of 1990s and 2000s. The data were collected from official releases by the Iranian Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance as well as several nonconfidential internal bulletins of the newspaper organizations. Having applied an income-expense analysis, the paper explains the government’s role in newspaper economics and discusses the policy of repurposing the existing subsidies.