bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms using flow-diverter devices: A systematic review
Authors: Briganti Francesco , Leone Giuseppe , Marseglia Mariano , Mariniello Giuseppe , Caranci Ferdinando , Brunetti Arturo , Maiuri Francesco
Published: August 2015

Background

Flow-diverter devices (FDDs) are new-generation stents placed in the parent artery at the level of the aneurysm neck to disrupt the intra-aneurysmal flow thus favoring intra-aneurysmal thrombosis.

Objective

The objective of this review article is to define the indication and results of the treatment of intracranial aneurysms by FDD, reviewing 18 studies of endovascular treatment by FDDs for a total of 1704 aneurysms in 1483 patients.

Methods

The medical literature on FDDs for intracranial aneurysms was reviewed from 2009 to December 2014. The keywords used were: “intracranial aneurysms,” “brain aneurysms,” “flow diverter,” “pipeline embolization device,” “silk flow diverter,” “surpass flow diverter” and “FRED flow diverter.”

Results

The use of these stents is advisable mainly for unruptured aneurysms, particularly those located at the internal carotid artery or vertebral and basilar arteries, for fusiform and dissecting aneurysms and for saccular aneurysms with large necks and low dome-to-neck ratio. The rate of aneurysm occlusion progressively increases during follow-up (81.5% overall rate in this review). The non-negligible rate of ischemic (mean 4.1%) and hemorrhagic (mean 2.9%) complications, the neurological morbidity (mean 3.5%) and the reported mortality (mean 3.4%) are the main limits of this technique.

Conclusion

Treatment with FDDs is a feasible and effective technique for unruptured aneurysms with complex anatomy (fusiform, dissecting, large neck, bifurcation with side branches) where coiling and clipping are difficult or impossible. Patient selection is very important to avoid complications and reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. Further studies with longer follow-up are necessary to define the rate of complete occlusion.
Repair of a sliding (type I) hiatal hernia in a cat via herniorrhaphy, esophagoplasty and floppy Nissen fundoplication
Authors: Gambino Jennifer M , Sivacolundhu Ramesh , DeLucia Meghan , Hiebert Elizabeth
Published: August 2015

Case summary

A 10-month-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for severe esophagitis and protracted vomiting and regurgitation secondary to a sliding (type I) hiatal hernia. The hernia and concurrent upper airway obstruction (nasopharyngeal polyp) were diagnosed with a multi-modality approach, including thoracic and abdominal radiographs, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography and endoscopy. Following unsuccessful attempts at medical management, lower esophageal incompetence was successfully treated by employing a combination of surgical techniques, including herniorrhaphy, esophagopexy and modified (floppy) Nissen fundoplication.

Relevance and novel information

A multi-modality imaging approach was valuable in completely assessing the extent of this cat’s disease. Although an untraditional approach, the authors report herein the first clinical description of the use of combined surgical techniques with the floppy Nissen fundoplication technique (an antireflux procedure) in a cat. This procedure was used as a first-line surgical technique in this cat with severe lower esophageal incompetence, and may be a viable option for cases non-responsive to other therapeutic interventions. Further investigation of this surgical technique is warranted.
Operative Mortality After Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture and Hospital Volume
Authors: Maceroli Michael A. , Nikkel Lucas E. , Mahmood Bilal , Elfar John C.
Published: August 2015

Background:

The purpose of the present study is to use a statewide, population-based data set to identify mortality rates at 30-day and 1-year postoperatively following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) for displaced femoral neck fractures. The secondary aim of the study is to determine whether arthroplasty volume confers a protective effect on the mortality rate following femoral neck fracture treatment.

Methods:

New York’s Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System was used to identify 45 749 patients older than 60 years of age with a discharge diagnosis of femoral neck fracture undergoing THA or HA from 2000 through 2010. Comorbidities were identified using the Charlson comorbidity index. Mortality risk was modeled using Cox proportional hazards models while controlling for demographic and comorbid characteristics. High-volume THA centers were defined as those in the top quartile of arthroplasty volume, while low-volume centers were defined as the bottom quartile.

Results:

Patients undergoing THA for femoral neck fracture rather than HA were younger (79 vs 83 years, P < .001), more likely to have rheumatoid disease, and less likely to have heart disease, dementia, cancer, or diabetes (all P < .05). Thirty-day mortality after HA was higher (8.4% vs 5.7%; P < .001) as was 1-year mortality (25.9% vs 17.8%; P < .001). After controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, and comorbidities, risk of mortality following THA was 21% lower (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79; P = .003) at 30 days and 22% lower (HR 0.78; P < .001) at 1 year than HA. Patients undergoing THA at high-volume arthroplasty centers had improved 1-year mortality when compared to those undergoing THA at low-volume hospitals (HR 0.55; P = .008).

Conclusions:

Based on this large, population-based study, there is no basis to assume THA carries a greater mortality risk after hip fracture than does standard HA, even when accounting for institutional volume of hip arthroplasty.
A Foster Care Alumna’s Past and Present Technological Experience
Authors: Roche Cesia , Vaterlaus J. Mitchell , Young Jimmy A.
Published: August 2015

Research on technology use and access among youth raised in non-traditional family structures indicates that the youth’s experiences are different from individuals raised in traditional family structures. Foster care represents a non-traditional family structure that warrants research attention in terms of technology. Using a multicultural feminist framework, the present study explores the past and present technological experience of a woman (30 years old) who was raised in the foster care system. The results are presented as a case study documenting her technological experience in foster care, as she transitioned out of the foster care system, and as she has taken on the roles of wife and mother. Results indicated that the participant had limited access to technology while in the foster care system, and this limited technology access related to her current use and perceptions of technology. Directions for future research are provided.
My Teaching Experience With Navajo College Students, Writing Anxiety, Contrastive Rhetoric, and Some Suggestions
Authors: Huang Yi-Wen
Published: August 2015

This article analyzes factors that might be associated with Navajo college students’ writing anxiety. Oral tradition, reading, syntax, and past experience are the factors discussed. Suggestions based on previous literature and personal experience are provided.
University English and Audit Firms in the Philippines
Authors: Tenedero Pia Patricia P. , Vizconde Camilla J.
Published: August 2015

With increasing demand for accounting professionals, audit firms are banking on universities to provide graduates equipped with technical know-how and critical English skills. This explains heightened employer concern over the business English skills of new hires, prompting questions on adequacy and relevance of English taught in universities. Hence, this study probes into English skills necessary for new accountants in audit firms. Human resource directors of top audit firms in the Philippines describe the relevant skills in the workplace tasks of entry-level employees. Findings present a model of key English skills that provide leverage to accounting graduates in the Philippines.
Shilovite, natural copper(II) tetrammine nitrate, a new mineral species
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Britvin Sergey N. , Möhn Gerhard , Pekov Igor V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Nestola Fabrizio , Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Dini Maurizio
Published: August 2015

The new mineral shilovite, the first natural tetrammine copper complex, was found in a guano deposit located on the Pabellón de Pica Mountain, near Chanabaya, Iquique Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile. It is associated with halite, ammineite, atacamite (a product of ammineite alteration) and thénardite. The gabbro host rock consists of amphibole, plagioclase and minor clinochlore, and contains accessory chalcopyrite. The latter is considered the source of Cu for shilovite. The new mineral occurs as deep violet blue, imperfect, thick tabular to equant crystals up to 0.15 mm in size included in massive halite. The mineral is sectile. Its Mohs hardness is 2. Dcalc is 1.92 g cm–3. The infrared spectrum shows the presence of NH3 molecules and NO3– anions. Shilovite is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.527(2), β = 1.545(5), γ = 1.610(2). The chemical composition (electron-microprobe data, H calculated from ideal formula, wt.%) is Cu 26.04, Fe 0.31, N 30.8, O 35.95, H 4.74, total 100.69. The empirical formula is H12.56(Cu1.09Fe0.01)N5.87O6.00. The idealized formula is Cu(NH3)4(NO3)2. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R = 0.029 based upon 2705 unique reflections having F > 4σ(F). Shilovite is orthorhombic, space group Pnn2, a = 23.6585(9), b = 10.8238(4), c = 6.9054(3) Å, V = 1768.3(1) Å3, Z = 8. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I,%) (hkl)] are: 5.931 (41) (400), 5.841 (100) (011), 5.208 (47) (410), 4.162 (88) (411), 4.005 (62) (420), 3.462 (50) (002), 3.207 (32) (031), 2.811 (40) (412).
Ferribushmakinite, Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(VO4)(OH), the Fe3+ analogue of bushmakinite from the Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Nevada
Authors: Kampf A. R. , Adams P. M. , Nash B. P. , Marty J.
Published: August 2015

Ferribushmakinite (IMA2014-055), Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(VO4)(OH), the Fe3+ analogue of bushmakinite, is a new mineral from the Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Iron Point district, Humboldt County, Nevada, USA, where it occurs as a low-temperature secondary mineral in association with plumbogummite, mottramite, Br-rich chlorargyrite and baryte on massive quartz. Ferribushmakinite forms yellow slightly flattened prisms up to 0.2 mm long growing in X and sixling twins. The streak is pale yellow. Crystals are translucent and have adamantine lustre. The Mohs hardness is ∼2, the tenacity is brittle, the fracture is irregular to splintery and crystals exhibit one or two fair cleavages in the [010] zone. The calculated density is 6.154 g/cm3. Electron microprobe analyses provided: PbO 63.69, CaO 0.07, CuO 1.11, Fe2O3 7.63, Al2O3 1.63, V2O5 12.65, As2O5 3.09, P2O58.63, H2O 1.50 (structure), total 100.00 wt.% (normalized). The empirical formula (based on nine O a.p.f.u.) is: (Pb1.99Ca0.01)Σ2.00(Fe0.66Al0.22Cu0.10)Σ0.98(V0.97P0.85As0.19)Σ2.01O7.84(OH)1.16. Ferribushmakinite is monoclinic, P21/m, a = 7.7719(10), b = 5.9060(7), c = 8.7929(12) Å, β = 111.604(8)°, V = 375.24(9) Å3 and Z = 2. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dobs in Å (I)(hkl)]: 4.794(46)(011); 3.245(84)(211); 2.947(100)(020,212,103); 2.743(49)(112); 2.288(30)(220); 1.8532(27)(314,403); 1.8084(27)(multiple); and 1.7204(28)(312,114,321). Ferribushmakinite is a member of the brackebuschite supergroup. Its structure (R1 = 3.83% for 577 Fo > 4σF) differs from that of bushmakinite only in the dominance of Fe3+ over Al in the octahedral site.
Kerimasite, {Ca3}[Zr2](SiFe3+2)O12garnet from the Vysoká-Zlatno skarn, Štiavnica stratovolcano, Slovakia
Authors: Uher Pavel , Milovská Stanislava , Milovský Rastislav , Koděra Peter , Bačík Peter , Bilohuščin Vladimír
Published: August 2015

Kerimasite {Ca3}[Zr2](SiFe23+)O12, a rare member of the garnet supergroup, has been identified in association with andradite–grossular and their hydrated analogues, monticellite, perovskite, clintonite, anhydrite, hydroxylellestadite–fluorellestadite, spinel, magnetite, brucite, valeriite and other minerals from a Ca-Mg skarn in the exocontact of a granodiorite porphyry intrusion in Vysoká-Zlatno Cu-Au skarn-porphyry deposit, the Štiavnica stratovolcano, Central Slovakia. Kerimasite forms euhedral-to-anhedral crystals, 2 to 100 μm across with 0.73–1.62 atoms per formula unit (a.p.f.u.) Zr (16.2–33.6 wt.% ZrO2), 0.34–0.66 a.p.f.u. Ti (4.6–9.3 wt.% TiO2), 0.01 to 0.05 a.p.f.u. Hf (0.4–1.7 wt.% HfO2: the largest Hf content reported in kerimasite), and small amounts of Sn, Sc and Nb (≤0.02 a.p.f.u.). Tetrahedral Si (0.99–1.67 a.p.f.u.; 9.8–18.1 wt.% SiO2) is balanced by 0.85–1.26 a.p.f.u. Fe3+and by 0.46–0.76 a.p.f.u. Al. The crystals commonly show regular, oscillatory concentric zoning or irregular patchy internal textures due to Zr, Ti, Fe, Al and Si variations during growth or partial alteration and dissolution-reprecipitation. The main substitutions in kerimasite areY(Fe,Sc)3++ZSi4+=Y(Zr,Ti,Hf,Sn)4++Z(Fe,Al)3+and Ti4+= Zr4+. Associated andradite locally contains irregular Ti- and Zr-rich zones with ≤11 wt.% TiO2and ≤4.4 wt.% ZrO2. In comparison with common Ca-rich garnets, the micro-Raman spectrum of kerimasite shows that many bands shift towards much lower wavenumbers, either due to Fe3+substitution on theZsite or to the strong influence of neighbouring octahedrally-coordinated Zr4+on internal vibrations of tetrahedra that share oxygens. The formation of kerimasite, monticellite, perovskite and other phases indicate a relatively Ca-rich and Si, Al-poor environment, analogous to other known occurrences of Ca-Zr garnets (Ca-rich skarns and xenoliths, carbonatites). Kerimasite and associated skarn minerals originated during contact-thermal metamorphism of Upper Triassic marl slates with limestone, dolomite, anhydrite and gypsum by Miocene granodiorite porphyry atT≈ 700°C andP≈ 50–70 MPa.
Ferriakasakaite-(La) and ferriandrosite-(La): new epidote-supergroup minerals from Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Nagashima Mariko , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke , Tomita Norimitsu , Minakawa Tetsuo , Inaba Sachio
Published: August 2015

The newREE-rich, monoclinic, epidote-supergroup minerals ferriakasakaite-(La) and ferriandrosite-(La), found in tephroite calcite veinlets cutting the stratiform ferromanganese deposit from the Shobu area, Ise City, Mie Prefecture, Japan, were studied using electron microprobe analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Ferriakasakaite-(La), ideallyA1CaA2LaM1Fe3+M2AlM3Mn2+(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH) (Z= 2, space groupP21/m), has a new combination of dominant cations atA1(Ca) andM3(Mn2+), which are the key sites to determine a root name for epidote-supergroup minerals. The unit-cell parameters area= 8.8733(2),b= 5.7415(1),c= 10.0805(3) Å, β = 113.845(2)° andV= 469.73(2) Å3. According to the structural refinement (R1= 3.13%), the determined structural formula isA1(Ca0.54Mn2+0.46)A2[(La0.48Ce0.20Pr0.07Nd0.18Gd0.02)Σ0.95Ca0.05]M1(Fe0.423+V0.343+Al0.18Ti0.064+)M2(Al0.96Fe0.043+)M3(Mn0.502+Fe0.432+Mg0.07)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH). Ferriandrosite-(La), ideallyA1Mn2+A2LaM1Fe3+M2AlM3Mn2+(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH) (Z= 2, space groupP21/m), is theM1Fe3+analogue of androsite. The unit-cell parameters area= 8.8779(1),b= 5.73995(1),c= 10.0875(2) Å, β = 113.899(1)° andV= 469.97(2) Å3, and the structural formula isA1(Mn0.562+Ca0.44)A2[(La0.49Ce0.20Pr0.08Nd0.19Gd0.02)Σ0.97Ca0.03]M1(Fe0.403+V0.283+Al0.20Fe0.052+Ti0.074+)M2(Al0.97Fe0.033+)M3(Mn0.502+Fe0.402+Mg0.10)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH) (R1= 2.93%). The two new minerals, which are compositionally very similar overall, are distinguished by occupancy ofA1, Cavs. Mn2+. The structural properties of these minerals depend not only on theREEcontent atA2, but also on the Mn content atA1.
Seal potential of shale sequences through seismic anisotropy: Case study from Exmouth Sub-basin, Australia
Authors: Nourollah Hadi , Urosevic Milovan , Keetley Jeffrey
Published: August 2015

Sedimentary rocks with sealing potential can cap a reservoir by impeding the upward movement of hydrocarbons. An effective seal should have three qualifying factors of geometry, integrity, and capacity. Mapping seismic horizons and faults across the area of study reveals much about the geometry and integrity of the sealing unit. Capacity, however, depends on capillary pressure measurements of core and cuttings samples. Modeling capacity of seals away from and between wells has traditionally involved simple gridding techniques or association with most likely geologic or seismic facies. We have developed a different approach in using seismic data and applying it to the evaluation of sealing potential. Shales are the most common seals in petroleum systems. Seismically, well-developed shale units that have undergone compaction are likely to be anisotropic and are typical vertical transverse isotropic media. Seismic data with suitable acquisition parameters were processed to extract [Formula: see text] and Thomsen’s parameters of weak seismic anisotropy, tied to the vertical seismic profile data at wells. The spatial distribution of [Formula: see text] has shown a good correlation with capillary measurements of well samples. Hence, 3D modeling of epsilon was used as a weight factor to guide the capillary pressure ([Formula: see text]) values away from the wells. Capillary pressure values were then mapped on the fault planes to high grade the analysis of sand-shale juxtaposition. Our results helped to explain the distribution of successful wells and dry holes within the study area.
Ribosomopathies: how a common root can cause a tree of pathologies
Authors: Danilova Nadia , Gazda Hanna T.
Published: August 2015

Defects in ribosome biogenesis are associated with a group of diseases called the ribosomopathies, of which Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is the most studied. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal proteins (RPs) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). RPs and multiple other factors are necessary for the processing of pre-rRNA, the assembly of ribosomal subunits, their export to the cytoplasm and for the final assembly of subunits into a ribosome. Haploinsufficiency of certain RPs causes DBA, whereas mutations in other factors cause various other ribosomopathies. Despite the general nature of their underlying defects, the clinical manifestations of ribosomopathies differ. In DBA, for example, red blood cell pathology is especially evident. In addition, individuals with DBA often have malformations of limbs, the face and various organs, and also have an increased risk of cancer. Common features shared among human DBA and animal models have emerged, such as small body size, eye defects, duplication or overgrowth of ectoderm-derived structures, and hematopoietic defects. Phenotypes of ribosomopathies are mediated both by p53-dependent and -independent pathways. The current challenge is to identify differences in response to ribosomal stress that lead to specific tissue defects in various ribosomopathies. Here, we review recent findings in this field, with a particular focus on animal models, and discuss how, in some cases, the different phenotypes of ribosomopathies might arise from differences in the spatiotemporal expression of the affected genes.
Regulatory aspects of pilgrimage and religious tourism at the present stage
Authors: Бондаренко Дмитрий , Bondarenko Dmitriy
Published: August 2015

The article discusses the issues of legal regulation of relations in the field of tourism, especially such varieties

as religious tourism and pilgrimage. The article substantiates the conceptual distinction of these concepts, from

which the need for different approaches and principles for the provision of appropriate tourist services comes. The

author notes the significance of the impact of religious tourism on the economy of individual countries and regions

of the world, and religious centers. In the article there is the analysis of conceptual regulation of tourist activity in

the Russian Federation and it is considered a separate state program of development of tourism and pilgrimage.

The main attention is focused on the lack of legal concept and practice of pilgrimage and, respectively, difficulties,

arising in connection with these issues, in the organization of tourist trips and the provision of travel services of this

thematic trend. Available in Russia legal conflict is that religious organizations have no right to organize pilgrimages,

as they are equated to tourism and operated by tour operators. In the article, specific examples prove why

firms are not always able to efficiently and fully right to organize and conduct a pilgrimage to the Holy places. We

examine why the majority of pilgrimages, organized today, may be defined as an Amateur travel, not full tours.

The author prove the relevance of the Association of Church organizations involved in the formation and promotion

of pilgrimages, which would allow them to use legal mechanisms for liability insurance, obtain a Bank guarantee

in the formation of the tourist product, all these officially allow to implement tour operator activities. The

results of the analysis of the quantitative composition of consumers of religious tourism and pilgrimage indicate

that this product is in great demand and has great prospects for development in Russia. The attention is focused

on the problem of the qualification of pilgrimage tours guides, training of specialized staff for sightseeing ensure of

religious tourism and pilgrimage. The author substantiates the practical significance of the use of network forms

of realization of educational programs for training specialists for the sphere of religious tourism and pilgrimage.
Assessing the potential of cultural tourism in the perm region: problems and solutions
Authors: Ширинкин Павел , Shirinkin Pavel
Published: August 2015

The paper presents a new methodology for assessing cultural potential of the territory, based on the inventory of

cultural tourism resources, including projects and activities at various levels, and the mathematical apparatus,

which ensures the objectivity of counting, ceteris paribus. An attempt is made to approach to the economic understanding

of the cultural potential of the territory: the farther from the center of the region the municipality is

located, the more money will be needed for the development and the large costs borne both the businessman and

tourist for the “development” of the territory. The distance of the municipality from the centre of the region erected

in a constant and used as the most significant factor in the formula. According to the results of using the technique

presents the ranking of territories of the Perm edge on a high, relatively high, high, medium, low and lowest. On

this basis, each municipality will be able to engage in rational optimization of their position in the ranking of and

the regional authorities will have the possibility of objective funding primarily those areas that are the leaders of

the rating and the poles of the growth of cultural tourism in the province. The method confirmed the following hypothetical

initial submission. For such a complex from the point of view of tourism climatic areas as Perm region,

cultural tourism is not seasonal, it almost year-round, and therefore more promising, even compared to active,

which is trying to make a bid for regional power. Moreover, the potential of cultural tourism may be higher than

the overall tourism potential of the region, in the case where the display object (resource) active tourism is complemented

by animation or theatre, or used in a major cultural event, such as festival. Thus, the method permits to

assess the cultural potential of the territory, both within the region and the individual municipalities to identify

leaders and priority of their financing and entrepreneurial activity.
Activities in the context of social partnership in professional tourism education: relevance and content
Authors: Ананьева Татьяна , Ananeva Tatyana , Илюхина Галина , Ilyukhina Galina , Сахарчук Елена , Sakharchuk Elena
Published: August 2015

The present article presents the complex issues associated with social-partnerships in the field of specialized tourism

education. In particular, the conclusion which is based on the analysis of educational programs of different

levels and the opinions of experts and specialists in the field of tourism, showed the insufficient level of development

of social partnership, which is reflected in the existing problems in specialized tourism education: lack of practical

orientation of education, the correspondence between the competence characteristics of graduates of educational

institutions of tourism profile and the needs of the labour market, the mismatch between the quantitative indicators

of the labour market needs and graduates of educational institutions in terms of levels of education. The study

also identified the problem of incomplete educational continuity in some areas of tourism education, which definitely

has a negative impact on opportunities for social and academic mobility of students. As a result of identified

problems we developed the content of the various activities in the context of social partnership, which is regarded

as one of the most promising approaches for solving the existing problems of specialist education. The proposed

interpretation of the activities in the context of social partnership in professional tourism education will be conductive

to the level of satisfaction of employers with the results of the educational activities of the institutions; balanced

professional qualification recruitment in the tourism industry, as well as the achievement of the best indicators

of the quality of education and competitiveness of Russian education in the field of tourism.
National Park Visitor Segments and their Interest in Rural Tourism Services and Intention to Revisit
Authors: Марджо Невонен , Mardzho Nevonen , Туйя Сьеванен , Tuyya Sevanen , Эйя Поута , Eyya Pouta
Published: August 2015

The study aims to understand national park visitors’ interests to use tourism services provided in the vicinity of Linnansaari, Seitseminen and Repovesi national parks in Southern Finland. Separate visitor groups were identified based on their use of tourism services and their intention to revisit the area. Data were generated from a questionnaire survey of 736 visitors to the national parks. The analyses revealed five dimensions of interest in tourism services from which five visitor groups were identified: Countryside and outdoor friends, who were interested in recreation services; safari riders, interested in renting snowmobiles and similar services; guided visitors, who were interested in guided tours; room and rental seekers, whose main interest was accommodation and rental services, and uninterested, who had no interest in services. The strongest intentions to revisit the parks and the regions were recorded among “countryside and outdoor friends” and “safari riders”. The results of this study may help tourism enterprises, municipality decision makers and park managers in rural communities surrounding national parks to understand and recognize visitors’ overall needs of tourism services.
Dynamics and basic directions of the foreign and entry tourism in Pskov region
Authors: Турченко Елена , Turchenko Elena
Published: August 2015

Several questions connected with the dynamics and basic directions of the international and inner Russian tourism and also the development of the tourist services in one of the Russian regions — Pskov region are covered in the article. The dynamics of the Pskov tourists´ foreign tourism in the period from 2004 to 2012 was analyzed. The most popular destinations and the reasons of the country choice are identified. The foreign tourism was on the low rate before the crisis of the year 2009 but during 2010—2012 the foreign tourism of the Pskov citizens showed its maximum. The leaders in the number of Pskov tourists became the countries which were mostly chosen by the Russians for several years. Among these countries are: Turkey, Egypt and Greece. The analysis of entry of foreign tourists and Russian tourists (from other regions) to Pskov region was carried out. The dynamics of the entry of the foreign tourists was influenced by the economic crisis of 2009 after which the gradual recovery of the entry tourism began. Also Russian regions tourists from which choose Pskov region as a resting-place more often were identified.

The scientific originality of the research is defined by the results of the survey that was held in summer of a year 2014 among the guests of Pskov and was focused on the development of tourism in Pskov region. 120 people were asked, among them were Russian and foreign tourists. In the result of the survey the most visited regions of Pskov region were defined. Also the most visited sights of Pskov were identified. The survey also included the evaluation of the condition of touristic services in the region. The results of the research are supposed to be used in the process of the development of touristic services organization in Pskov region.
Features of the promotional activities of tourism enterprises of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Authors: Баранова Наталья , Baranova Natalya , Мезина Людмила , Mezina Ludmila , Зыкова Татьяна , Zykova Tatyana
Published: August 2015

The article examines the questions of the promotional activities of tourist enterprises in Russia. The authors proceed from the fact that as a result of massive bankruptcies of well-known tour operators and complication of the general economic situation in the country, many tourist companies lose their customers. The situation in the tourist market adversely affected the trust of customers, and now to win it is even more difficult. Under these conditions, the task of maintaining existing consumers and attracting new ones of tourism enterprises is becoming urgent more than ever. According to the authors, the main way to solve this problem is an

advertisement. The article reveals peculiarities of the use of different types of advertising of big and small tourism enterprises. The methodological basis of the paper is the results of promotional activities research of tourism enterprises in Nizhny Novgorod. Competition in the sphere of tourism, including the Nizhny Novgorod market is very high. The study shows that small tourist enterprises do not have sufficient financial means to invest in advertising in the media; their best advertisement is the established relationships with customers and high quality service. At the same time major tourist enterprises that have greater financial possibilities for their promotion, use the most common means of advertising, paying little attention to the new forms and trends in the advertising industry. The results allow the authors to identify ways to promote the services of tourist enterprises at the present stage, especially in the Internet.
Methodical aspects of risk assessment and strategic benefits of tourism development in municipal units
Authors: Ульяниченко Людмила , Ulyanichenko Lyudmila , Минаев Владимир , Minaev Vladimir , Цыщук Евгений , Tsyshchuk Evgeniy
Published: August 2015

The article examines the questions of informational and methodological support of the assessment procedures and analysis of the benefits and risks of tourism development at the municipal level. There was proposed a method for evaluating the complex risk of tourism industry in the settlements of the municipality on the basis of expert procedures. Expert data on four aspects of the existence of risks and strategic benefits in the settlements was described on the example of one of the districts of the Moscow region: the first aspect is motivational characteristics of the local population and local leaders; human resources and opportunities for training of tourism personnel, infrastructure indicators of the tourism industry, regulatory support for the management of the tourist industry; the second one is environmental factors that affect tourism and recreational activities, and opportunities of the health care system for servicing tourists; the third aspect is municipal factors associated with the development of roads and transport, territorial disparities in the level and quality of life of the population, the costs of tourism infrastructure; and the fourth one is the possibility of development of settlements in connection with the development of their tourism potential, interregional ties and geographical position. Quantitative indicators for the complex potential benefits and risks of comprehensive development of tourism were introduced, grounded and experimentally tested on the example of settlements in the studied area. The analysis of the qualitative opinions of experts about the benefits and risks in the settlements of the district was made as an additional argument of summary quantitative findings. This allowed a more detailed dive into the problems of specific territories and their specialties of the development in tourism activities.
Origins and expansion of mortgage crisis
Authors: Хлопунова Мария , Khlopunova Mariya
Published: August 2015

The article reviews origins and expansion of mortgage crisis. The latter financial crisis found out to be unique as to losses, scale of recession, global coverage. Although the crisis had financial origins it becomes truly crisis of the global economy. The paper covers the following reasons and origins of the crisis: risk assessment problems in banks, underestimation of credit risk, realty owner failed to pay mortgage payments, the regulator failed to sustain interbank credit market. The possibilities of the new mortgage crisis pointed out in the paper.
Current State of Circulating MicroRNAs as Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: He Yuqing , Lin Juanjuan , Kong Danli , Huang Mingyuan , Xu Chengkai , Kim Taek-Kyun , Etheridge Alton , Luo Yanhong , Ding Yuanlin , Wang Kai
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of stable regulatory RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), in the circulation and have shown that the spectrum of these extracellular miRNAs is affected by various pathologic conditions including cancers.

CONTENT

Circulating miRNAs have been the focus of numerous cancer biomarker discovery efforts over the past few years; however, a considerable number of these studies have yielded inconsistent and irreproducible findings. Here, we have summarized and compared the results of studies covering 8 different cancer types to address key questions, including the possibility of using circulating miRNA to detect cancers and what factors may affect miRNA signatures. Although identifying circulating miRNA signatures to detect specific types of early stage cancers can be challenging, study results suggest that it may be possible to use miRNAs to detect cancers in general.

Circulating miRNA is a rich source for potential disease biomarkers; however, factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that may affect measurement of circulating miRNA have not been fully characterized. Better understanding of intra- and intercellular miRNA trafficking and the fundamental biology of cancer cell–derived lipid vesicles may facilitate the development of circulating miRNA-based biomarkers for cancer detection and classification.
Implantação de ferrovias de alta velocidade: contribuição metodológica para o gerenciamento ambiental de obras lineares em áreas contaminadas e potencialmente contaminadas
Authors: Cagnon Fabiana Alves , Lieggio Junior Marne , Alves Carlos Frederico de Castro , Barbosa Augusto De Oliveira , Fagundes Mariana Guarnier
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um método de gerenciamento ambiental de obras lineares, tal como ferrovias de alta velocidade, nos trechos em que o traçado intercepta áreas contaminadas (AC), potencialmente contaminadas (AP) ou suspeitas de contaminação (AS). O estudo de caso utilizou o método proposto durante avaliação ambiental preliminar para a futura implantação do trem de alta velocidade entre Rio de Janeiro e Campinas (TAV). O método consiste na execução das seguintes etapas de trabalho: (a) identificação e caracterização de AP, AC e AS ao longo do traçado; (b) classificação dos trechos de obra; (c) elaboração de modelos conceituais de contaminação; (d) identificação de cenários e respectivas implicações ambientais sobre as obras e (e) proposição de ações ambientais. As ações de gerenciamento ambiental propostas para a fase de obras tiveram como objetivos minimizar impactos ambientais e possibilitar a implementação da obra com segurança para os trabalhadores no que diz respeito ao tema "áreas contaminadas". Adicionalmente, a estratégia proposta deverá contribuir para evitar eventuais atrasos na emissão de licenças ambientais e aumento nos custos do empreendimento
Avaliação estrutural de pavimento de concreto continuamente armado de curta extensão para corredores de ônibus
Authors: Salles Lucio. Salles de , Balbo José Tadeu , Pereira Deividi Da Silva
Published: August 2015

Como uma solução alternativa de alta durabilidade para paradas e corredores de ônibus em áreas altamente urba-nizadas, quatro seções experimentais de pavimento de concreto continuamente armado (PCCA) com diferentes taxas de ar-madura foram construídas no campus da Universidade de São Paulo. As seções possuem comprimento de apenas 50 metros, curtas em relação aos PCCA tradicionais, construídos o quanto o processo de concretagem permitir. Levantamentos de fis-suras durante quatro anos indicaram que a curta extensão aliada à falta de ancoragem das seções fazem com que o padrão de fissuração seja muito diferente do PCCA tradicional; uma das seções ainda não apresentou fissuras na superfície. Para avaliar o desempenho estrutural do pavimento, dois ensaios não destrutivos foram realizados: primeiramente, testes de deflexão com falling weight deflectometer para determinar o valor da eficiência da transferência de carga entre fissuras e realizar a para-metrização elástica por meio de retroanálise das seções de modo a obter o módulo de elasticidade do concreto (E) e o módulo de reação do subleito (k); e, posteriormente, testes de carga dinâmicos para obter as tensões infligidas ao concreto por uma carga veicular conhecida. Resultados apontam um menor valor de E e k para pontos próximos a borda das seções e uma influência da frenagem nas tensões obtidas.
Analysis of fractional diffusion equations of distributed order: Maximum principles and their applications
Authors: Al-Refai Mohammed , Luchko Yuri
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we formulate and prove the weak and strong maximum principles for a general parabolic-type fractional differential operator with the Riemann–Liouville time-fractional derivative of distributed order. The proofs of the maximum principles are based on an estimate of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative at its maximum point that was recently derived by the authors. Some a priori norm estimates for solutions to initial-boundary value problems for linear and nonlinear fractional diffusion equations of distributed order and uniqueness results for these problems are presented.
EPR on bis(1,2-dithiosquarato)cuprate(II) in the bis(1,2-dithiosquarato)nickelate(II) host lattice – structure and spectroscopy‡
Authors: Strauch Peter , Kossmann Alexander , Kelling Alexandra , Schilde Uwe
Published: August 2015

EPR spectroscopy is a well suited analytical tool to monitor the electronic situation around paramagnetic metal centres as copper(II) and therefore the structural influences on the paramagnetic ion. 1,2-Dithiosquaratometalates are available by direct synthesis from metal salts with dipotassium-1,2-dithiosquarate and the appropriate counter cations. Synthesis and characterisation of bis(benzyltributylammonium)1,2-dithiosquaratonickelate(II), (BzlBu
Extraction products from var. ‘Soranovskii’
Authors: Il’yasov Sergey G. , Cherkashin Viktor A. , Sakovich Gennady V. , Parkhomenko Dmitri A.
Published: August 2015

The chemical structures of Miscanthus var. ‘Soranovskii’ lignin fractions released via extraction of lignin from the lignocellulosic feedstock using moderately heated acetone under atmospheric pressure, without acidic and alkaline catalysts, were studied. A blend of Miscanthus stems and leaves was pretreated with water under thermobaric conditions. The acetone organosolv process subsequently afforded a substance related to a lignin-like matter-acetone organosolv Miscanthus lignin (AOML). Non-destructive analytical techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and 2D NMR were used. The IR and NMR spectroscopies revealed the AOML structure to comprise all the three major types of phenylpropane units: guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H). The resultant acetone-organosolv lignin exhibits good solubility in polar solvents, moderate solubility in aromatic chemicals, and is insoluble in non-polar solvents, exhibiting the physicochemical properties of a thermoplastic polymer with a softening point of 67.0°C (onset 33.0°C, endset 81.5°C).
Impact of peroxydisulphate on disintegration and sedimentation properties of municipal wastewater activated sludge
Authors: Wacławek Stanisław , Grübel Klaudiusz , Chłąd Zuzanna , Dudziak Mariusz
Published: August 2015

In the study, a thermally activated sodium peroxydisulphate (PDS; Na
Characterisation of electrochemical immunosensor for detection of viable not-culturable forms of Legionellla pneumophila in water samples
Authors: Sboui Dejla , Souiri Mina , Reynaud Stephanie , Palle Sabine , Ismail Manel Ben , Epalle Thibaut , Mzoughi Ridha , Girardot Françoise , Allegra Séverine , Riffard Serge , Othmane Ali
Published: August 2015

Legionella pneumophila may cause a fatal pneumonia in humans known as Legionnaires’ disease (LD). The strategies of L. pneumophila to adapt to and resist stressful environmental conditions include the ability to enter into a VBNC (viable but not culturable) state. The detection of L. pneumophila in environmental samples benefits from the use of standardised methods: for detection and enumeration following membrane filtration (AFNOR T90-431, ISO 11731) and detection and quantification by polymerase chain reaction PCR (AFNOR T90-471, ISO 12869). Culture is hampered by its inability to detect VBNC forms and PCR is unable to discriminate between live and dead bacteria. The present immunosensor was obtained by the immobilisation of a monoclonal anti-L. pneumophila antibody (MAb) on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode by the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) method using an aminosilane. The immunosensor was characterised by wettability (contact angle measurement), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A limit of detection of 10 bacteria per mL was observed on artificial samples.
Enlargement of hepatic hemangioma in successive pregnancies
Authors: Zozzaro-Smith Paula E. , Fountaine Elizabeth , Thornburg Loralei
Published: August 2015

Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumor of the liver and are commonly seen as incidental findings on abdominal imaging. Little is known regarding the natural course and pathogenesis of hepatic hemangiomas during pregnancy. It is believed estrogen may play a role in their growth; however, the precise mechanism remains undefined. Here we describe a patient with hepatic hemangioma enlargement in consecutive pregnancies suggesting a hormonal role in their growth.
Paleogeographic significance of Upper Triassic basinal succession of the Tamar Valley, northern Julian Alps (Slovenia)
Authors: Gale Luka , Celarc Bogomir , Caggiati Marcello , Kolar-Jurkovšek Tea , Jurkovšek Bogdan , Gianolla Piero
Published: August 2015

The Julian Alps (western Slovenia) structurally belong to the eastern Southern Alps. The Upper Triassic succession mostly consists of shallow water platform carbonates of the Dolomia Principale-Dachstein Limestone system and a deep water succession of the Slovenian Basin outcropping in the southern foothills of the Julian Alps. In addition to the Slovenian Basin, a few other intraplatform basins were present, but they remain poorly researched and virtually ignored in the existing paleogeographic reconstructions of the eastern Southern Alps. Herein, we describe a deepening-upward succession from the Tamar Valley (north-western Slovenia), belonging to the Upper Triassic Tarvisio Basin. The lower, Julian-Tuvalian part of the section comprises peritidal to shallow subtidal carbonates (Conzen Dolomite and Portella Dolomite), and an intermediate carbonate-siliciclastic unit, reflecting increased terrigenous input and storm-influenced deposition (Julian-lowermost Tuvalian shallow-water marlstone and marly limestone of the Tor Formation). Above the drowning unconformity at the top of the Portella Dolomite, Tuvalian well-bedded dolomite with claystone intercalations follows (Carnitza Formation). The latter gradually passes into the uppermost Tuvalian–lowermost Rhaetian bedded dolomite with chert and slump breccias, deposited on a slope and/or at the toe-of-slope (Bača Dolomite). Finally, basinal thin-bedded bituminous limestone and marlstone of Rhaetian age follow (Frauenkogel Formation). The upper part of the Frauenkogel Formation contains meter-scale platform-derived limestone blocks, which are signs of platform progradation. The Tarvisio Basin may have extended as far as the present Santo Stefano di Cadore area, representing a notable paleogeographic unit at the western Neotethys margin.
The Middle Jurassic succession in the central sector of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Sprzycne Creek): implications for the timing of the Czorsztyn Ridge development
Authors: Segit Tomasz , Matyja Bronisław A. , Wierzbowski Andrzej
Published: August 2015

In this study, we revisit the stratigraphic age and discuss sedimentary characteristics of the lower Middle Jurassic turbidite deposits (“black flysch”) of the Szlachtowa Formation, as well as the under- and overlying members of the Sprzycne Creek section situated in the central sector of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Poland). We show that the succession captures the lower Middle Jurassic marine sediments of the pre-Late Albian Magura Basin, located to the north of an ancient submarine swell (Czorsztyn Ridge). The turbidite deposits of the Szlachtowa Formation and marly shales of the Opaleniec Formation yield dinoflagellate cysts indicative of the latest Aalenian or learliest Bajocian to Early Bathonian. The character of these deposits, and their location below the overthrusted Subpieniny Nappe show that this succession does not belong to the successions of the Oravicum domain, located on the southern side of the Czorsztyn Ridge. The Szlachtowa Formation is underlain by the Skrzypny Formation, which is reported for the first time outside the Oravicum domain. It suggests that the pre-Late Albian Magura Basin came into existence not earlier than during the latest Aalenian, following the rising of the Czorsztyn Ridge. The marly shales assigned here to the Opaleniec Formation of Late Bajocian-Bathonian age and younger marly deposits of Cretaceous age were distinguished in the past as the so-called “Sprzycne beds” of Cretaceous age. However, the combination of these two rock units into a single lithostratigraphic unit is unsuitable because they represent two separated stratigraphical intervals and their contact is tectonic.