bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Multi-Energy Optimization for Unit Commitment Integrating PEVs and Renewable Energy: A DO3LSO Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Linxin , Ying Zuobin , Yang Zhile , Guo Yuanjun
Published: December 2024

The global energy crisis and the pursuit of carbon neutrality have introduced significant challenges to the optimal dispatch of power systems. Despite advancements in optimization techniques, existing methods often struggle to efficiently handle the uncertainties introduced by renewable energy sources and the dynamic behavior of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). This study presents a multi-energy collaborative optimization approach based on a dynamic opposite level-based learning optimization swarm algorithm (DO3LSO). The methodology explores the impact of integrating PEVs and renewable energy sources, including photovoltaic and wind power, on unit commitment (UC) problems. By incorporating the bidirectional charging and discharging capabilities of PEVs and addressing the volatility of renewable energy, the proposed method demonstrates the ability to reduce reliance on traditional fossil fuel power generation, decrease carbon emissions, stabilize power output, and achieve a 7.01% reduction in costs. Comparative analysis with other optimization algorithms highlights the effectiveness of DO3LSO in achieving rapid convergence and precise optimization through hierarchical learning and dynamic opposite strategies, showcasing superior adaptability in complex load scenarios. The findings underscore the importance of multi-energy collaborative optimization as a pivotal solution for addressing the energy crisis, facilitating low-carbon transitions, and providing essential support for the development of intelligent and sustainable power systems.
SBE-Algebras via Intuitionistic Fuzzy Structures
Authors: Oner Tahsin , Bordbar Hashem , Rajesh Neelamegarajan , Rezaei Akbar
Published: December 2024

The study introduces the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy SBE-subalgebras, ideals, and filters, along with level sets of intuitionistic fuzzy sets within the framework of Sheffer stroke BE-algebras. These concepts are shown to be crucial for understanding the behavior of intuitionistic fuzzy logic in this algebraic structure. The study further establishes a bidirectional relationship between subalgebras, ideals, filters, and their respective level sets on Sheffer stroke BE-algebras, demonstrating that the level set of an intuitionistic fuzzy SBE-subalgebra, ideal, or filter is itself a subalgebra, ideal, or filter on this algebra, and vice versa.
Analytical Solutions and Computer Modeling of a Boundary Value Problem for a Nonstationary System of Nernst–Planck–Poisson Equations in a Diffusion Layer
Authors: Kovalenko Savva , Kirillova Evgenia , Chekanov Vladimir , Uzdenova Aminat , Urtenov Mahamet
Published: December 2024

This article proposes various new approximate analytical solutions of the boundary value problem for the non-stationary system of Nernst–Planck–Poisson (NPP) equations in the diffusion layer of an ideally selective ion-exchange membrane at overlimiting current densities. As is known, the diffusion layer in the general case consists of a space charge region and a region of local electroneutrality. The proposed analytical solutions of the boundary value problems for the non-stationary system of Nernst–Planck–Poisson equations are based on the derivation of a new singularly perturbed nonlinear partial differential equation for the potential in the space charge region (SCR). This equation can be reduced to a singularly perturbed inhomogeneous Burgers equation, which, by the Hopf–Cole transformation, is reduced to an inhomogeneous singularly perturbed linear equation of parabolic type. Inside the extended SCR, there is a sufficiently accurate analytical approximation to the solution of the original boundary value problem. The electroneutrality region has a curvilinear boundary with the SCR, and with an unknown boundary condition on it. The article proposes a solution to this problem. The new analytical solution methods developed in the article can be used to study non-stationary boundary value problems of salt ion transfer in membrane systems. The new analytical solution methods developed in the article can be used to study non-stationary boundary value problems of salt ion transport in membrane systems.
Identification and Characterization of Two Aryl Sulfotransferases from Deep-Sea Marine Fungi and Their Implications in the Sulfation of Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Graziano Nicolas , Arce-López Beatriz , Barbeyron Tristan , Delage Ludovic , Gerometta Elise , Roullier Catherine , Burgaud Gaëtan , Poirier Elisabeth , Martinelli Laure , Jany Jean-Luc , Hymery Nolwenn , Meslet-Cladiere Laurence
Published: December 2024

Sulfation plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of small molecules, regulatory mechanisms such as hormone signaling, and detoxification processes (phase II enzymes). The sulfation reaction is catalyzed by a broad family of enzymes known as sulfotransferases (SULTs), which have been extensively studied in animals due to their medical importance, but also in plant key processes. Despite the identification of some sulfated metabolites in fungi, the mechanisms underlying fungal sulfation remain largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive search of available genomes, resulting in the identification of 174 putative SULT genes in the Ascomycota phylum. Phylogenetic analysis and structural modeling revealed that these SULTs belong to the aryl sulfotransferase family, and they are divided into two potential distinct clusters of PAPS-dependent SULTs within the fungal kingdom. SULT genes from two marine fungi isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, Hortaea werneckii UBOCC-A-208029 (HwSULT) and Aspergillus sydowii UBOCC-A-108050 SULT (AsSULT), were selected as representatives of each cluster. Recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. HwSULT demonstrated high and versatile activity, while AsSULT appeared more substrate-specific. Here, HwSULT was used to sulfate the mycotoxin zearalenone, enhancing its cytotoxicity toward healthy feline intestinal cells.
Eremophilane- and Acorane-Type Sesquiterpenes from the Deep-Sea Cold-Seep-Derived Fungus Furcasterigmium furcatum CS-280 Cultured in the Presence of Autoclaved Pseudomonas aeruginosa QDIO-4
Authors: Chen Xiao-Dan , Li Xin , Li Xiao-Ming , Yang Sui-Qun , Wang Bin-Gui
Published: December 2024

Six new sesquiterpenes, including four eremophilane derivatives fureremophilanes A–D (1–4) and two acorane analogues furacoranes A and B (5 and 6), were characterized from the culture extract of the cold-seep derived fungus Furcasterigmium furcatum CS-280 co-cultured with autoclaved Pseudomonas aeruginosa QDIO-4. All the six compounds were highly oxygenated especially 2 and 3 with infrequent epoxyethane and tetrahydrofuran ring systems. The structures of 1–6 were established on the basis of detailed interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and MS data. Their relative and absolute configurations were assigned by a combination of NOESY and single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, and by time-dependent density functional (TDDFT) ECD calculations as well. All compounds were tested the anti-inflammatory activity against human COX-2 protein, among which, compounds 2 and 3 displayed activities with IC50 values 123.00 µM and 93.45 µM, respectively. The interaction mechanism was interpreted by molecular docking.
Marine Invasive Algae’s Bioactive Ingredients as a Sustainable Pathway in Cosmetics: The Azores Islands as a Case Study
Authors: Matos Marta , Custódio Luísa , Reis Catarina Pinto
Published: December 2024

Marine invasive species pose significant ecological, economic, and social challenges, disrupting native ecosystems, outcompeting local species and altering biodiversity. The spread of these species is largely driven by global trade, shipping, and climate change, which allow non-native species to establish themselves in new environments. Current management strategies, including early detection, rapid response, and biosecurity measures, have had some success, but the complexity and scale of the problem require continuous monitoring. This review explores the possibility of using some marine invasive species as skincare ingredients and explores the Azorean islands as a case study for the valorization of biomass. Additionally, this review addresses legislative barriers that delay the development of sustainable cosmetic markets from invasive species, highlighting the regulatory landscape as a critical area. It concludes that marine invasive species present a regional and global problem that requires regional and global solutions. Such solutions strongly need to address environmental impacts and net socioeconomic benefits, but such solutions must also consider all regional differences, technical capacities and financial resources available. Thus, as a future perspective, strategies should emphasize the need for international collaboration and the development of more effective policies to prevent the spread of invasive species. There is still much work to be completed. By working together, the biodiversity for future generations will be better monitored and explored.
Anti-Platelet Therapy with Cangrelor in Cardiogenic Shock Patients: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis
Authors: D’Andria Ursoleo Jacopo , Baldetti Luca , Pieri Marina , Nardelli Pasquale , Altizio Savino , Ajello Silvia , Scandroglio Anna Mara
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a proven therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cardiogenic shock (CS). Dual anti-platelet therapy (i.e., aspirin plus an oral P2Y12 inhibitor) is recommended in patients treated with PCI. However, CS patients present severe hemodynamic instability, deranged hemostatic balance, and the need for invasive mechanical circulatory support (MCS) alongside invasive procedures, resulting in an increased risk of both bleeding and thrombotic complications, leaving uncertainty about the best anti-thrombotic treatment. Recently, the parenteral short-acting P2Y12 inhibitor has been increasingly used in the acute cardiac care setting, mainly in light of its favourable pharmacokinetic profile and organ-independent metabolism. Materials and Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of the safety and efficacy outcomes (i.e., rates of major bleeding, occurrence of stent/any thrombosis, and hospital survival) of all existing original studies reporting on the intravenous administration of cangrelor in AMI-CS patients. Results: Ten studies (678 patients with CS) published between 2017 and 2023 were included in the present review: nine were observational and one had a randomized design. Percutaneous revascularization was performed in >80% of patients across the studies. Moreover, 26% of patients were treated with temporary MCS, and in all studies, concomitant systemic anticoagulation was performed. Cangrelor was administered intravenously at the dosage of 4 mcg/kg/min in 57% of patients, 0.75 mcg/kg/min in 37% of patients, and <0.75 mcg/kg/min in 6%. The pooled rate of major bleeding was 17% (11–23%, confidence interval [CI]), and the pooled rate of stent thrombosis and any thrombosis were 1% (0.3–2.3% CI) and 3% (0.4–7% CI), respectively. Pooled hospital survival was 66% (59–73% CI). Conclusions: Cangrelor administration in AMI-CS patients was feasible and safe with a low rate of thromboembolic complications. Haemorrhagic complications were more frequent than thrombotic events. Nevertheless, to date, the optimal dosage of cangrelor in this clinical context still remains not universally recognized.
Association Between Chlamydia trachomatis and Helicobacter pylori with Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alpay Çağlar Yeşim , Islimye Taşkin Mine
Published: December 2024

Objective: Chronic low-grade inflammation occurs in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and there are many contributing factors. In this study, we aimed to investigate Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in patients with PCOS and to evaluate the association between these microorganisms and the inflammatory process in the etiology of the disease. Materials and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional clinical study was conducted at Balıkesir University Hospital and included 40 female patients diagnosed with PCOS in the gynecology outpatients clinic and 40 healthy female controls. Demographic data were recorded. Blood hormone profiles and biochemical parameters were analyzed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kit was used to measure H. pylori IgG and C. trachomatis IgG. Results: According to the analysis of the study data, there was no significant association between the PCOS and non-PCOS groups with regard to the presence of Helicobacter pylori IgG (p = 0.1) and Chlamydia trachomatis IgG (p = 0.338). CRP levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group (p = 0.001). In the subgroup analyses, the CRP levels were not significantly different between the H. pylori and C. trachomatis antibody-positive and -negative groups. Diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with PCOS (p = 0.005). The smoking rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the PCOS group (p = 0.036). Compared to the control group, the BMI, LH, HOMA-IR, TSH, and TG levels were significantly higher in participants with PCOS (p = 0.000; p = 0.004; p = 0.001; p = 0.001; p = 0.043; p = 0.000). FSH was lower in PCOS patients compared to controls (p = 001). In the subgroup analyses, no significant differences were found between the H. pylori and C. trachomatis antibody-positive and -negative groups. Conclusions: PCOS is characterized by chronic nonspecific low-grade inflammation. The etiopathogenesis of PCOS involves comorbidities that cause a chronic inflammatory process. However, the possible infective causes still seem to be open to investigation. In particular, studies on microbiota and periodontal diseases in PCOS may provide important contributions.
Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries—Technologies, Environmental, Human Health, and Economic Issues—Mini-Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Man Geani Teodor , Iordache Andreea Maria , Zgavarogea Ramona , Nechita Constantin
Published: December 2024

Global concerns about pollution reduction, associated with the continuous technological development of electronic equipment raises challenge for the future regarding lithium-ion batteries exploitation, use, and recovery through recycling of critical metals. Several human and environmental issues are reported, including related diseases caused by lithium waste. Lithium in Li-ion batteries can be recovered through various methods to prevent environmental contamination, and Li can be reused as a recyclable resource. Classical technologies for recovering lithium from batteries are associated with various environmental issues, so lithium recovery remains challenging. However, the emergence of membrane processes has opened new research directions in lithium recovery, offering hope for more efficient and environmentally friendly solutions. These processes can be integrated into current industrial recycling flows, having a high recovery potential and paving the way for a more sustainable future. A second method, biolexivation, is eco-friendly, but this point illustrates significant drawbacks when used on an industrial scale. We discussed toxicity induced by metals associated with Li to iron-oxidizing bacteria, which needs further study since it causes low recycling efficiency. One major environmental problem is the low efficiency of the recovery of Li from the water cycle, which affects global-scale safety. Still, electromembranes can offer promising solutions in the future, but there is needed to update regulations to actual needs for both producing and recycling LIB.
On the Use of Green and Blue Laser Sources for Powder Bed Fusion: State of the Art Review for Additive Manufacturing of Copper and Its Alloys
Authors: Khandpur Mankirat Singh , Giubilini Alberto , Iuliano Luca , Minetola Paolo
Published: December 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a layerwise production process that creates three-dimensional objects according to a digital model. This technology has demonstrated to be a promising alternative to conventional manufacturing methods for various industrial sectors, such as aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and energy. AM offers several advantages, like design flexibility, material efficiency, functional integration, and rapid prototyping. As regards metal parts, conventional AM techniques using infrared laser sources face some limitations in processing high-reflectivity and high-conductivity materials or alloys, such as aluminum, copper, gold, and silver. These materials have low absorption of infrared radiation, which results in unstable and shallow melt pools, poor surface quality, and high porosity. To overcome these challenges, green and blue laser sources have been proposed for AM processes. This review provides an overview of the recent developments and applications of green and blue laser sources for powder bed fusion of copper and its alloys, focusing on the effects of process parameters on the melt pool dynamics, microstructure formation, and thermal and electrical properties of the fabricated parts. This review also presents the main applications of AM of copper and its alloys together with potential opportunities for future developments.
Diagnosis, Severity, and Prognosis from Potential Biomarkers of COVID-19 in Urine: A Review of Clinical and Omics Results
Authors: Narro-Serrano Jennifer , Marhuenda-Egea Frutos Carlos
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spurred an extraordinary scientific effort to better understand the disease’s pathophysiology and develop diagnostic and prognostic tools to guide more precise and effective clinical management. Among the biological samples analyzed for biomarker identification, urine stands out due to its low risk of infection, non-invasive collection, and suitability for frequent, large-volume sampling. Integrating data from omics studies with standard biochemical analyses offers a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of COVID-19. This review aims to provide a detailed summary of studies published to date that have applied omics and clinical analyses on urine samples to identify potential biomarkers for COVID-19. In July 2024, an advanced search was conducted in Web of Science using the query: “covid* (Topic) AND urine (Topic) AND metabol* (Topic)”. The search included results published up to 14 October 2024. The studies retrieved from this digital search were evaluated through a two-step screening process: first by reviewing titles and abstracts for eligibility, and then by retrieving and assessing the full texts of articles that met the specific criteria. The initial search retrieved 913 studies, of which 45 articles were ultimately included in this review. The most robust biomarkers identified include kynurenine, neopterin, total proteins, red blood cells, ACE2, citric acid, ketone bodies, hypoxanthine, amino acids, and glucose. The biological causes underlying these alterations reflect the multisystemic impact of COVID-19, highlighting key processes such as systemic inflammation, renal dysfunction, critical hypoxia, and metabolic stress.
Effects of Cynara scolymus L. Bract Extract on Lipid Metabolism Disorders Through Modulation of HMG-CoA Reductase, Apo A-1, PCSK-9, p-AMPK, SREBP-2, and CYP2E1 Expression
Authors: Mokhtari Imane , Shahat Abdelaaty A. , Noman Omar M. , Milenkovic Dragan , Amrani Souliman , Harnafi Hicham
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Hyperlipidemia is a major contributor to metabolic complications and tissue damage, leading to conditions such as liver steatosis, atherosclerosis, and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous artichoke bract extract (AE) on lipid metabolism, liver antioxidative defense, and liver steatosis in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet while elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Methods: An 8-week study used hyperlipidemic mice treated with AE at daily doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw, compared to fenofibrate. Plasma, liver, fecal, and biliary lipids, as well as blood glucose, were analyzed enzymatically. The liver antioxidative defense was assessed by measuring reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activities, while liver steatosis was evaluated through transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities and histological monitoring of lipid droplets. Polyphenol profiling and quantification were performed using HPLC–DAD, and potential mechanisms were predicted by molecular docking and confirmed in HepG2 cells. Results: At 200 mg/kg, AE significantly improved plasma lipid profiles by reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL–cholesterol while increasing HDL–cholesterol. It facilitated cholesterol reduction in the liver and its excretion, indicating activation of reverse cholesterol transport, which led to reduced body weight and liver steatosis. AE lowered MDA levels and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. AE was found to be safe (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg) and modulated gene expression in HepG2 cells. Conclusions: Based on our results, the artichoke bract extract could be considered a natural resource of bioactive compounds to treat hyperlipidemia and related cardiometabolic diseases.
Microstructured Sensors: The Nexus of Innovation and Functionality
Authors: Li Mingliang
Published: December 2024

In an era of rapid technological evolution, the demand for functional sensors that can keep up with the pace is more pressing than ever [...]
Surface Enhancement of Titanium Ti-3Al-2.5V Through Laser Remelting Process—A Material Analysis
Authors: Ghadiri Zahrani Esmaeil , Soltani Babak , Azarhoushang Bahman
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the effects of laser parameters on the surface remelting of the Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy. A ms-laser equipped with a coaxial gas-pressure head integrated into a Swiss-type turning machine is used for the laser remelting process of cylindrical parts. The influence of different pulse frequencies, as well as varying intensities, is investigated. The results reveal that surface micro-cracks can be eliminated through laser remelting. Increasing the input laser intensity also increases the size of the melting pool. A similar effect is observed with higher pulse frequencies. The metallurgical microstructure and the size of the heat-affected zone of the remelted surface at different input laser energy levels are also examined. The results indicate that input laser energy influences phase transformation in the metallurgical microstructure, which correspondingly results in variations in micro-hardness within the heat-affected zone. The variations in laser fluence lead to a surface hardness improvement of approximately 15%.
Investigation on Aluminum Alloy Reflector Mirror Processing Technology Combining Ultrasonic Rolling and Single-Point Diamond Turning
Authors: Ma Yuanhao , Li Zhanjie , Jin Gang , Zhang Xiangyu , Li Longsi , Lin Huaixin , Wang Guangyu , Long Zhenyu
Published: December 2024

In the process of aluminum alloy reflector mirror processing, the structural defects of aluminum alloys present bottlenecks restricting the development of aluminum alloy reflector mirror processing technologies. Therefore, this study proposes an aluminum alloy reflector mirror processing method involving ultrasonic rolling and single-point diamond turning. The core idea of this method is to use ultrasonic rolling to pretreat the surface of the workpiece to refine the grains and increase the hardness, then perform single-point diamond turning to improve the optical reflection performance. In this study, an ultrasonic rolling cutting experiment was carried out, and the influence of the material preparation method on the microstructure and hardness of the workpiece was analyzed. An ultrasonic rolling single-point diamond turning experiment was carried out, and the influence of the material preparation method on the reflection performance of single-point diamond turning was studied. Results showed that compared with single-point diamond turning after ordinary milling, the ultrasonic rolling single-point diamond turning method has certain advantages in improving the surface reflection performance, with an increase of 5.116%. The method proposed in this study can provide new ideas for the high-quality processing of aluminum alloy reflector mirrors.
White Coats at a Crossroads: Hygiene, Infection Risk, and Patient Trust in Healthcare Attire—An Umbrella Review with Quantitative Synthesis and Stress, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Analysis
Authors: Tsagkaris Christos , Rueger Matthias , Tschudi Samuel B. , Dreher Thomas
Published: December 2024

White coats, traditionally symbols of physicians’ hygiene and professionalism, are now scrutinized for potential infection risks during patient interactions. This review investigates whether wearing white coats is linked to microbial contamination, infection transmission, and patient expectations. An umbrella review of peer-reviewed studies and guidelines was conducted, with searches in PubMed/Medline and Scopus using terms related to medical attire, infection control, patient perceptions, and discrimination. Ten records were included, and a bibliometric analysis was performed with VOS Viewer. Bias appraisal was conducted using the JBI Bias Assessment Toolset, and a SWOT analysis was developed to support evidence-based decision-making. Findings indicate that white coats may harbor pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods, and MRSA. To mitigate contamination risks, it is recommended that physicians roll up coat sleeves during examinations and that the coats receive daily laundering in healthcare settings. However, evidence supporting a coatless policy is yet to be published. Patients tend to expect physicians to wear identifiable attire, like white coats or scrubs for surgeons. Recent research in this field shifts the focus from infection control to the impact of attire on patient trust and physician–patient relationships.
Correlation of Geographic Variables with the Incidence Rate of Dengue Fever in Mexico: A 38-Year Study
Authors: Hernández Bautista Porfirio Felipe , Cabrera Gaytán David Alejandro , Vallejos Parás Alfonso , Alejo Martínez Olga María , Arriaga Nieto Lumumba , Rocha Reyes Brenda Leticia , Ruíz Valdez Carmen Alicia , Jaimes Betancourt Leticia , Valle Alvarado Gabriel , Pérez Andrade Yadira , Moctezuma Paz Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Background: Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the mosquitoes Aedes, which is characterized by fever, myalgia and arthralgia. In some cases, it can be fatal. For many years, dengue fever has been endemic to Mexico; however, few studies have investigated the historical and current extents of dengue fever at the national level or considered the effects of variables such as temperature, precipitation and elevation on its occurrence. Methods: An ecological study was carried out to compare the incidence rates of different types of dengue fever per hundred thousand inhabitants with temperature, precipitation and elevation between 1985 and 2023 in Mexico. The sources of information were the public records of the Ministry of Health and the National Meteorological Service. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients at an alpha of <0.05. Results: The global linear regression presented an R2 of 0.68 between the mean temperature and the cases of haemorrhagic dengue/severe/with warning signs. The degree of rainfall was not strongly correlated with the incidence rate, except in the eastern part of the country, where average temperature was also strongly correlated with the incidence rate. Nonsevere/classic dengue was most common from 1501 to 2000 m elevation, whereas severe forms of the disease were more prevalent at elevations greater than 2000 m.
Identification, Characterization, and Ultrastructure Analysis of the Phenol-Degrading Rhodococcus erythropolis 7Ba and Its Viable but Nonculturable Forms
Authors: Polivtseva Valentina N. , Zvonarev Anton N. , Sazonova Olesya I. , Delegan Yanina A. , Kocharovskaya Yulia N. , Bogun Alexander G. , Suzina Nataliya E.
Published: December 2024

Phenol and its chlorinated derivatives are introduced into the environment with wastewater effluents from various industries, becoming toxic pollutants. Phenol-degrading bacteria are important objects of research; among them, representatives of the genus Rhodoccocus are often highlighted as promising. Strain 7Ba was isolated by enrichment culture. A new isolate was characterized using culturing, biochemistry, high-throughput sequencing, microscopy (including electron microscopy), and functional genome analysis. Rhodococcus erythropolis strain 7Ba is able to grow on phenol and chlorophenols without losing its properties during long-term storage. It was shown that strain 7Ba is able to form viable but nonculturable (VBNC) forms during long-term storage under nutrient limitation, preserving both cell viability and the ability to degrade phenols. The ultrastructural organization of the vegetative forms of cells and VBNC forms was characterized. The following distinctive features were found: modifications (thickening) of cell membranes, cell size reduction, nucleoid condensation. Functional analysis of the genome showed the presence of genes for the degradation of alkanes, and two branches of the β-ketoadipate pathway for the degradation of aromatic compounds. Also, the genome of strain 7Ba contains several copies of Rpf (resuscitation promoting factor) genes, a resuscitation factor of resting bacterial forms. The new isolate strain 7Ba is a promising biotechnological agent that can not only utilize toxic aromatic compounds but also remain viable during long-term storage. For this reason, its further application as an agent for bioremediation can be successful under changing conditions of climate and given the deficiency of nutrient compounds in nature. Minor biostimulation will allow the strain to recover its metabolic activity and effectively degrade pollution.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. and Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruit Extracts Against Gastrointestinal Pathogens: Enhancing Antibiotic Efficacy
Authors: Tiwana Gagan , Cock Ian Edwin , Cheesman Matthew James
Published: December 2024

Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn) Roxb. and Terminalia chebula Retz. are significant botanicals in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. They are renowned for their therapeutic properties, notably in addressing gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. These plants have undergone thorough examination related to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which make them highly efficient natural treatments for controlling gastrointestinal infections. The current research demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of fruit extracts of Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula against Bacillus cereus, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhimurium. We performed disc diffusion and liquid microdilution experiments to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. All extracts of Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula showed good antibacterial effects against B. cereus and S. flexneri. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 94 µg/mL to 556 µg/mL. The methanolic extracts from both plants also showed noteworthy antibacterial activity against S. sonnei and S. typhimurium, with MIC values of 755 µg/mL for both. Fractional inhibitory concentration studies revealed additive interactions between some conventional antibiotics and the plant extracts when used concurrently. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses revealed that the T. bellirica and T. chebula extracts contained various tannins including methyl gallate, propyl gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Lethality assays conducted using Artemia franciscana Kellogg nauplii indicated that all the plant extracts are non-toxic. The antibacterial properties and absence of toxicity in T. bellirica and T. chebula fruit extracts indicate their potential for antibiotic development, warranting additional mechanistic and phytochemical studies.
Haemophilus influenzae Invasive Infections in Children in Vaccine Era: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization Tunis, Tunisia
Authors: Chelbi Yasmine , Meftah Khaoula , Deghmane Ala-Eddine , Mhimdi Samar , Aloui Firas , Bouafsoun Aida , Hong Eva , Menif Khaled , Boussetta Khadija , Khemiri Monia , Boukthir Samir , Trifa Mehdi , Jlidi Said , Jouini Riadh , Fitouri Zohra , Nessib Mohamed-Nabil , Taha Muhamed-Kheir , Smaoui Hanen
Published: December 2024

The changing epidemiological profile of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections (IIHi) is noted in the post-vaccination era. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically invasive Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) isolates detected in Tunisian pediatric patients. A retrospective study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of the Children’s Hospital of Tunis over ten years (2013–2023). All IIHi cases were included. Molecular identification and serotyping were conducted through qPCR. Molecular typing and analysis of resistance genes were extracted from whole genome sequencing data. Fifty-three IIHi cases were collected. Children under five years old were the most affected (81%). Non-typable isolates (NTHi) were predominant (79%) followed by serotype b (17%) and serotype a (4%). Genetic diversity was observed, essentially among NTHi isolates. Resistance of Hi isolates to ampicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and cefotaxime (CTX) were 42%, 20% and 4%, respectively. Thirteen isolates (29%) produced a beta-lactamase and 14 carried the blaTEM-1 gene (kappa = 0.95). For non-enzymatic resistance, group 3 (n = 12) showed resistance to ampicillin. Groupe 4 (n = 9, NTHi) showed discordances with resistance to CTX. The emergence of resistance to CTX is concerning. Continuous surveillance through molecular tools in conjunction with phenotypic and clinical data is necessary to ensure better management of these infections.
Characteristics of the Stool, Blood and Skin Microbiome in Rosacea Patients
Authors: Joura Marie Isolde , Jobbágy Antal , Dunai Zsuzsanna A. , Makra Nóra , Bánvölgyi András , Kiss Norbert , Sárdy Miklós , Sándor Sarolta Eszter , Holló Péter , Ostorházi Eszter
Published: December 2024

Several research groups have confirmed that in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory skin disorder rosacea, the composition of the skin and fecal microbiome of affected patients differs from that of healthy individuals. We studied the stool, blood and skin microbiomes of rosacea and control patients using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our goals were to determine 1. whether the microbiome characteristics of rosacea patients differ from that of healthy individuals, 2. whether the change experienced on the skin can be confirmed by alterations in the stool microbiome through the mediation of the blood and 3. whether the metabolic activity of the changed skin, blood or fecal microbiome can play a role in the pathogenesis of rosacea. The rosacea skin microbiome differed significantly from the healthy skin microbiome in both alpha and beta diversity, as well as in the abundance of the genera. Only a few genera abundances differed significantly in stool and blood samples. The most significant representatives of the rosacea skin microbiome, Staphylococcus, Cutibacterium, Corynebacterium and Neisseria, cannot be derived from the feces or blood. The metabolic pathways associated with healthy fecal microbiome contributed to the production of anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids. While the increased production of adenosylcobalamin, L-isoleucine and thiazole by the microbiome of healthy skin appeared to have a protective effect, the excessive heme and H2S production experienced in rosacea skin likely contribute to the deterioration of the pathology.
The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq
Authors: Hu Ping , Xie Sancai , Shi Baochen , Tansky Cheryl S. , Circello Benjamin , Sagel Paul A. , Schneiderman Eva , Biesbrock Aaron R.
Published: December 2024

Various ingredients are utilized to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria associated with cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. However, the precise mechanisms by which these ingredients affect the oral microbiome have not been fully understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, a high-throughput bacterial transcriptomics study was conducted, and the gene expression profiles of six common oral bacteria, including two Gram-positive bacteria (Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus mutans) and four Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella pallens), were analyzed. The bacteria were exposed to nine common ingredients in toothpaste and mouthwash at different concentrations (stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, arginine bicarbonate, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium nitrate, zinc phosphate, and hydrogen peroxide). Across 78 ingredient–microorganism pairs with 360 treatment–control combinations, significant and reproducible ingredient-based transcriptional response profiles were observed, providing valuable insights into the effects of these ingredients on the oral microbiome at the molecular level. This research shows that oral care product ingredients applied at biologically relevant concentrations manifest differential effects on the transcriptomics of bacterial genes in a variety of oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria. Stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride showed the most robust efficacy in inhibiting the growth or gene expression of various bacteria and pathogenic pathways. Combining multiple ingredients targeting different mechanisms might be more efficient than single ingredients in complex oral microbiomes.
Campylobacter jejuni/coli Infection: Is It Still a Concern?
Authors: Veronese Piero , Dodi Icilio
Published: December 2024

Campylobacteriosis is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea and foodborne illness worldwide. Campylobacter infection is primarily transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food, especially uncooked meat, or untreated water; contact with infected animals or contaminated environments; poultry is the primary reservoir and source of human transmission. The clinical spectrum of Campylobacter jejuni/coli infection can be classified into two distinct categories: gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Late complications are reactive arthritis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and Miller Fisher syndrome. In the pediatric population, the 0–4 age group has the highest incidence of campylobacteriosis. Regarding the use of specific antimicrobial therapy, international guidelines agree in recommending it for severe intestinal infections. Host factors, including malnutrition, immunodeficiency, and malignancy, can also influence the decision to treat. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter as a ‘significant public health threat’ due to increasing resistance to FQs or macrolides. Although numerous vaccines have been proposed in recent years to reduce the intestinal colonization of poultry, none have shown sufficient efficacy to provide a definitive solution.
Three-Dimensional Prospective Modeling and Deep Metallogenic Prediction of the Lintan Gold Deposit in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Cheng Shenghong , Wang Xiaolong , Tan Qinping , Liu Peng , Zheng Lujing
Published: December 2024

The Lintan gold deposit, located in the “gold triangle” of Qianxinan, Guizhou Province, has become a focal point for implementing the “exploring near existing deposits” strategy, aiming to identify another large-scale gold deposit within the region. This study addresses the challenges of deep-edge mineral exploration in the Lintan gold deposit by adopting a metallogenic system perspective. Using a multidisciplinary approach, it integrates geological, geophysical, and geochemical datasets to construct various three-dimensional (3D) visualization and prospectivity models. The research leverages geostatistical theories and methods, multisource digital information analysis, and advanced 3D modeling and visualization techniques to verify mineralization anomalies. These efforts expand the scope of prospectivity evaluation for the deep-edge regions of the Lintan gold deposit into 3D space. In the 3D spatial framework, this study elucidates the metallogenic geological characteristics, geophysical anomalies, and geochemical signatures within the study area. Building upon this foundation, it conducts a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of geological, geochemical, and geophysical prospecting indicators under multisource geoscience datasets. This approach transitions from known to unknown domains, effectively reducing the ambiguities and uncertainties associated with single-source data interpretations. The findings demonstrate that, under the guidance of geological prospectivity models, the effective integration and synthesis of geological, geophysical, and geochemical data can reveal the interrelationships between metallogenic geological bodies and the contributing factors of the metallogenic system. This enables the identification of anomalous information associated with metallogenic geological bodies and facilitates the spatial localization and prediction of target areas for deep-edge mineral resources. The proposed methodology provides novel insights and techniques for deep-edge mineral exploration. Comprehensive analysis indicates significant prospectivity for mineral resource exploration in the deep-edge regions of the Lintan gold deposit.
New Chloroprene Rubber/Styrene–Butadiene Rubber (CR/SBR) Blends Cross-Linked with Tin(II) Oxide (SnO): Curing Characteristics, Swelling Studies, Mechanical Properties, and Flame Resistance
Authors: Smejda-Krzewicka Aleksandra , Mrozowski Konrad , Strzelec Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the properties of tin(II) oxide (SnO) as an unconventional cross-linking agent for chloroprene (CR) and styrene–butadiene (SBR) rubbers compositions. The use of tin(II) oxide results from the need to reduce the use of zinc oxide as a cross-linking agent due to environmental regulations and its toxic impact on aquatic environments. The studied elastomeric blends can be cross-linked with tin(II) oxide, and the results demonstrate the significant potential of this oxide in such applications. The CR/SBR vulcanizates cross-linked with SnO exhibit good mechanical properties and a high degree of cross-linking. The studies clearly show that the proportions of both rubbers as well as the amount of tin(II) oxide used influence the cross-linking of the CR/SBR blends and the properties of vulcanizates. FTIR spectrum analysis allowed the identification of the cross-linking mechanism, which followed the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction mechanism. The AFM analysis determined the miscibility of the rubbers and interelastomeric reactions, proving that the rubbers studied are partially miscible. The results of the oxygen index measurements indicated that the obtained vulcanizates showed flame resistance and self-extinguishing properties. Multivariate regression was performed to fit the models to the experimental value and to determine the influence of the content of the cross-linking agent and the CR and SBR proportions on the properties of the blends.
In Silico Design of Dual Estrogen Receptor and Hsp90 Inhibitors for ER-Positive Breast Cancer Through a Mixed Ligand/Structure-Based Approach
Authors: La Monica Gabriele , Alamia Federica , Bono Alessia , Mingoia Francesco , Martorana Annamaria , Lauria Antonino
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies in women, particularly the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtype, which accounts for approximately 70% of cases. Traditional endocrine therapies, including aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor degraders/antagonists (SERDs), and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), have improved outcomes for metastatic ER+ breast cancer. However, resistance to these agents presents a significant challenge. This study explores a novel therapeutic strategy involving the simultaneous inhibition of the estrogen receptor (ER) and the chaperone protein Hsp90, which is crucial for the stabilization of various oncoproteins, including ER itself. We employed a hybrid, hierarchical in silico virtual screening approach to identify new dual ER/Hsp90 inhibitors, utilizing the Biotarget Predictor Tool (BPT) for efficient multitarget screening of a large compound library. Subsequent structure-based studies, including molecular docking analyses, were conducted to further evaluate the interaction of the top candidates with both ER and Hsp90. Supporting this, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the high stability of the multitarget inhibitor 755435 in complex with ER and Hsp90. Our findings suggest that several small molecules, particularly compound 755435, exhibit promising potential as dual inhibitors, representing a new avenue to overcome resistance in ER+ breast cancer.
Multi-Analytical and Non-Invasive Approach for Characterising Blackened Areas of Originally Blue Paints
Authors: Labate Maria , Aceto Maurizio , Chiari Giacomo , Baiocco Simone , Operti Lorenza , Agostino Angelo
Published: December 2024

Azurite, a natural mineral pigment consisting of basic copper carbonate (2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2), is one of the Middle Ages’ most common blue pigments. Why paintings originally coated with azurite appear blackened today remains debated. Using a non-invasive multi-analytical approach, the study analysed several unexpectedly black-appearing details (objects such as books or clothing such as veils, robes, or mantles) in Antoine de Lonhy’s works. The aim was to investigate if the black colour was due to intentional iconographic reasons, incautious restoration work, or painting deterioration. The analytical results displayed the presence of the blue pigment azurite, therefore, the expected original colour of various areas should be blue. To shed light on the discussion regarding the blackening, several other Renaissance paintings with similar black details were analysed, all from the same period and geographic area as de Lonhy’s works and conserved under identical conditions. The reasons why the blackening takes place are still unclear. However, the combined use of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry with optical fibres (FORS), portable X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the elemental mapping based on the XRF data revealed that these blackened areas were originally painted with azurite, suggesting they were once blue. This finding significantly changes the overall appreciation of these artworks.