bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Nonparametric Subspace Analysis Approach with Application to Anomaly Detection Ensembles
Authors: Ben-Gal Irad , Bacher Marcelo , Amara Morris , Shmueli Erez
Published: April 2023

Identifying anomalies in multidimensional data sets is an important yet challenging task in many real-world applications. A special case arises when anomalies are occluded in a small subset of attributes. We propose a new subspace analysis approach, called agglomerative attribute grouping (AAG), that searches for subspaces composed of highly correlative (in the general sense) attributes. Such correlations among attributes can better reflect the behavior of normal observations and hence, can be used to improve the identification of abnormal data samples. The proposed AAG algorithm relies on a generalized multiattribute measure (derived from information theory measures over attributes’ partitions) for evaluating the “information distance” among various subsets of attributes. To determine the set of subspaces, AAG applies a variation of the well-known agglomerative clustering algorithm with the proposed measure as the underlying distance function, whereas in contrast to existing methods, AAG does not require any tuning of parameters. Finally, the set of informative subspaces can be used to improve subspace-based analytical tasks, such as anomaly detection, novelty detection, forecasting, and clustering. Extensive evaluation over real-world data sets demonstrates that (i) in the vast majority of cases, AAG outperforms both classical and state-of-the-art subspace analysis methods when used in anomaly and novelty detection ensembles; (ii) it often generates fewer subspaces with fewer attributes each, thus resulting in faster training times for the anomaly and novelty detection ensemble; and (iii) the generated subspaces can also be useful in other analytical tasks, such as clustering and forecasting.

History: Kwok-Leung Tsui served as the senior editor for this article.

Funding: This research was partially supported by the Israeli Ministry of Economy (METRO 450 Consortium within the frame of MAGNET program) as well as by the Koret foundation grant for Smart Cities and Digital Living 2030.

Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://codeocean.com/capsule/2526218/tree/v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2023.0027 ).
Systemic Symbolic Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Corporate Purpose: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Westphal James D.
Published: April 2023

In this paper I describe the multilevel and systemic nature of symbolic management and decoupling as it applies to corporate social responsibility (CSR), and consider the implications for the corporate purpose movement. I explain how and why the symbolic management system, including the various forms of decoupling that have compromised CSR, could be readily extended to corporate purpose. I further suggest why (i) the symbolic management of purpose would extend a historical pattern of decoupling that has penetrated into ever more fundamental arenas of corporate governance, and (ii) at least some characteristics of corporate purpose may render it even more vulnerable to symbolic management and decoupling than CSR. I conclude that although the corporate purpose movement carries a substantial, downside risk of symbolic management and decoupling, it nonetheless has upside potential to improve corporate social performance, and that academic researchers have a key role to play in realizing that potential. I suggest several research strategies for detecting the presence and extent of symbolic decoupling of corporate purpose.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Strategy Science Special Issue on Corporate Purpose.
Effect of low light condition on the growth and carbon use of legume seedlings
Authors: Qur'ani Citra Gilang , Yoshimura Kenichi
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Qur’ani CG, Yoshimura K. 2020. Effect of low light condition on the growth and carbon use of legume seedlings. Asian J For 5: 51-59. Plants exhibit flexible changes of morphological and physiological traits to adapt to low light environments. However, the interaction between growth, functional traits among plant organs, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) concentration to determine the adaptation strategies remain unclear. Three legume- and shade-intolerant species, Robinia pseudoacacia (L.), Falcataria moluccana (Miq.), and Acacia mangium (Willd.) were grown under full light (open) and 15% of light availability (shade). Changes in shoot length, diameter, organ respiration rates, and NSCs concentration were observed throughout 6 months of the growing period. Only R. pseudoacacia developed longer (13.67%) and bigger (26.61%) shoots in open sites than shade sites. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) and Specific Root Area (SRA) were bigger in shade than in open site for all species (SLA=±2 times; SRA=±1-4 times). Dry mass, respiration rates, and NSCs in R. pseudoacacia were allocated more to the roots but were more to the leaves in F. moluccana and A. mangium. Based on the interactions among morphological and physiological parameters, our results show that different legume species develop specific growth, morphological traits and carbon use (NSCs) under shade conditions, which exhibit flexibility changes as part of adaptation strategy to the low-light environment.
Agroforestry potential of Kanchanpur District, Nepal using remote sensing and Geographic Information System
Authors: SUBEDI PRAJWOL BABU , MAHARA SANDIP , PAUDEL SUSMITA , BHANDARI JYOTI , THAGUNNA ROSHAN SINGH
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Subedi PB, Mahara S, Paudel S , Bhandari J, Thagunna RS. 2023. Agroforestry potential of Kanchanpur District, Nepal using remote sensing and Geographic Information System. Asian J Agric 7: 65-74. Researchers are interested in agroforestry because it can reduce poverty and land degradation, mitigate climate change, and improve food security. This study aimed to determine the land potential for agroforestry in Kanchanpur District, Nepal, using Geographic Information System modeling concepts and a variety of ancillary (soil fertility) and satellite data (Digital Elevation Model, wetness, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and Land Use Land Cover) sets. It was accomplished by logically integrating various thematic layers in the GIS domain. For Kanchanpur District of Nepal's Sudurpaschim Province, agroforestry suitability maps showed that 76.14 percent was very high suitable, 3.12 percent was highly suitable, 13.89 percent was medium, 5.67 percent was low suitable, and 1.15 percent was very low suitable. The use of remote sensing and GIS to find suitable land for agroforestry have significant impacts, which will significantly aid in the study of agroforestry practices and the estimation of crucial factors for optimal productivity. Such analyses and results will undoubtedly assist agroforestry policymakers, and planners put it into practice and expanding in new areas. GIS modeling has enormous potential for land resource mapping, eventually contributing to the benefit of poor rural people, especially farmers, and helping ensure food and environmental security and a sustainable livelihood.
Species diversity, richness, and conservation status of Pteridophyta in the karst ecosystem of Donorejo Forest, Kaligesing, Purworejo, Indonesia
Authors: PRAMUDITA DESMA ASTY , ARMANDO MUHAMMAD FADHILLAH , RAHMAYANI DITA , AFIFAH FATHIYA NUR , PUTRI NUR ROHMAYANI ANGGELIKA , HARTANTI ANDINI NOVIANA , SAFIRA RAISA NOOR , MAHAJOENO EDWI , INDRAWAN MUHAMMAD , NAZAR IRFAN ABU , BUOT, JR. INOCENCIO E. , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Pramudita DA, Armando MF, Rahmayani D, Afifah FN, Putri NRA, Hartanti AN, Safira RN, Mahajoeno E, Indrawan M, Nazar IA, Buot Jr IE, Setyawan AD. 2023. Species diversity, richness, and conservation status of Pteridophyta in the karst ecosystem of Donorejo Forest, Kaligesing, Purworejo, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 7: 16-25. Pteridophyta is often used as an environmental bioindicator. It can be found anywhere because of its cosmopolite ability. Karst ecosystem is one type of Pteridophyta habitat and roles as a pioneer plant. This study aims to determine Pteridophyta's biodiversity and conservation status in Donorejo Forest, Kaligesing, Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia. The data collection of Pteridophyta species was carried out by survey method. Furthermore, the species found were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener species Diversity Index (H'), Margalef Species Richness Index (Dmg), and Evenness Species Index (E). The research found 1387 individuals from 14 families and 34 species. Then, from the analysis that has been carried out using the calculation of tree indices, the following results are obtained; Shanon-Wiener Index (H') = 2.53, Margalef Species Richness Index (Dmg) = 4.56, Evenness Species Index (E) = 0.72. Selaginella plana (Desv. ex Poir.) is the most dominant in the area. From its conservation status, there are two species in LC (Least Concern) under IUCN conservation status, namely Pteris vittata L. and Sphaeropteris glauca (Blume) R.M.Tryon., while the rest are in NE status (Not Evaluated). Moreover, the CITES found one species under Appendix II status, S. glauca. Those biodiversity indices showed that Donorejo Forest has a stable, productive, and complex ecosystem with moderate biodiversity, a high value for Margalef Species Richness Index (Dmg), and an Evenness Species Index (E). At the same time, it faces threats from dominant species and local community activity. This study result can be used for diversity assessment, especially karst land ecosystems, and for further research to make the appropriate conservation strategy.
O ESTADO CAPITALISTA DE VOLTA ÀS ORIGENS? (UMA ABORDAGEM CRÍTICA AO ESTADO CONTEMPORÂNEO)
Authors: Meyer Victor
Published: April 2023

Parte-se de uma periodização que identifica a atualidade, a partir do esgotamento dos chamados “anos de ouro” do pós-guerra. Conclui-se que o Estado, desde então, firma um compromisso  preferencial com as finanças especulativas e ataca sistematicamente as conquistas trabalhistas incorporadas ao Welfare State. As novas políticas públicas expressam o   abandono   de   uma   postura   relativamente  tolerante   do   capital frente ao trabalho, substituindo-a por uma atitude de desafio  aos sindicatos e de confrontação com as reivindicações  parciais dos trabalhadores. Ao mesmo tempo, a hegemonia americana sobre o sistema mundial abandona a “cooperação antagônica”  e inicia um novo surto de tensões nas relações interestatais.  Paradoxalmente,  no momento em que se anuncia triunfante,  a democracia liberal promove a queda tendencial da sua própria legitimidade  perante o conjunto da sociedade; passa   a   negligenciar os expedientes de persuasão, em troca de uma escalada das práticas coercitivas.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM EQUIPAMENTO PARA CARACTERIZAÇÃO ACÚSTICA DE AMBIENTES
Authors: Machado de Abreu Farias Paulo César , Pêpe Iuri
Published: April 2023

Neste trabalho propomos um sistema automatizado para caracterização de ambientes,  sejam eles pequenas  salas ou auditórios. Nosso instrumento faz uso das facilidades computacionais de um computador tipo IBM PC, com a comunicação efetuada via porta paralela. O projeto eletrônico foi baseado inteiramente  em componentes  comuns,  utilizados em configurações tradicionais. Dessa forma, toda a complexidade foi transferida para o programa gerenciador. As características predominantes do sistema são a sua simplicidade no que diz respeito aos circuitos eletrônicos, a facilidade de fabricação e manutenção do módulo eletrônico, além de apresentar uma interface homem-máquina amigável e de operação intuitiva. Além de servir à caracterização acústica, o equipamento desenvolvido também pode ser utilizado para o teste de filtros de áudio e para a determinação dos parâmetros característicos de alto-falantes.
RETORNANDO À HISTÓRIA DA REDE VIÁRIA BAIANA: O ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO FERROVIÁRIO NA EXPANSÃO DA REDE RODOVIÁRIA DA BAHIA (1850-1950).
Authors: Zorzo Francisco Antônio
Published: April 2023

Retoma-se aqui uma das bases do planejamento dos transportes, o estudo da história da formação da rede  de estradas  de ferro  e de rodagem no Brasil, os seus efeitos de conjunto, suas características morfológicas e seu impacto econômico. Tomando  como  exemplo  o caso do sistema viário da Bahia, a comunicação proporciona uma reflexão sobre a interrelação do desenvolvimento da ferrovia com o crescimento  da malha rodoviária ao longo da etapa em que se erigiu a rede de caminhos modernos, com tecnologia de engenharia   e   segundo   métodos   industriais,  correspondente aos episódios   do   ferroviarismo,   iniciado   no   século   passado,   na   década de 1850, e do rodoviarismo, que foi vivido após a década de 1920.
Space-based quantum networking in the presence of a nuclear disturbed environment
Authors: Miloshevsky Alexander , Wilson Brandon A. , Williams Brian P. , Hooper David A. , Grice Warren P. , Peters Nicholas A.
Published: April 2023

Space-based quantum networks provide a means for near-term long-distance transmission of quantum information. This article analyzed the performance of a downlink quantum network between a low-Earth-orbit satellite and an observatory operating in less-than-ideal atmospheric conditions. The effects from fog, haze, and a nuclear disturbed environment on the long-range distribution of quantum states were investigated. A density matrix that estimates the quantum state by capturing the effects from increased signal loss and elevated background noise to estimate the state fidelity of the transmitted quantum state was developed. It was found that the nuclear disturbed environment and other atmospheric effects have a degrading effect on the quantum state. These environments impede the ability to perform quantum communications for the duration of the effects. In the case of the nuclear disturbed environment, the nuclear effects subside quickly, and network performance should return to normal by the next satellite pass.
Age-dependent neurovascular coupling characteristics in children and adults during general anesthesia
Authors: Liang Zhenhu , Wang Xin , Yu Zhenyang , Tong Yunjie , Li Xiaoli , Ma Yaqun , Guo Hang
Published: April 2023

General anesthesia is an indispensable procedure in clinical practice.
Anesthetic drugs induce dramatic changes in neuronal activity and
cerebral metabolism. However, the age-related changes in
neurophysiology and hemodynamics during general anesthesia remain
unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the
neurovascular coupling between neurophysiology and hemodynamics in
children and adults during general anesthesia. We analyzed frontal
electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy
(fNIRS) signals recorded from children (6-12 years old,
n = 17) and adults (18-60 years old,
n = 25) during propofol-induced and
sevoflurane-maintained general anesthesia. The neurovascular coupling
was evaluated in wakefulness, maintenance of a surgical state of
anesthesia (MOSSA), and recovery by using correlation, coherence and
Granger-causality (GC) between the EEG indices [EEG power in different
bands and permutation entropy (PE)], and hemodynamic responses the
oxyhemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and deoxy-hemoglobin (Δ[Hb]) from
fNIRS in the frequency band in 0.01-0.1 Hz. The PE and
Δ[Hb] performed well in distinguishing the anesthesia state
(p > 0.001). The correlation between PE and
Δ[Hb] was higher than those of other indices in the two age
groups. The coherence significantly increased during MOSSA
(p < 0.05) compared with wakefulness, and the
coherences between theta, alpha and gamma, and hemodynamic activities
of children are significantly stronger than that of adults’
bands. The GC from neuronal activities to hemodynamic responses
decreased during MOSSA, and can better distinguish anesthesia state in
adults. Propofol-induced and sevoflurane-maintained combination
exhibited age-dependent neuronal activities, hemodynamics, and
neurovascular coupling, which suggests the need for separate rules for
children’s and adults’ brain states monitoring during
general anesthesia.
Tracing the spatiotemporal phylodynamics of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype I throughout Asia and the western Pacific
Authors: Li Fan , Feng Yun , Wang Guowei , Zhang Weijia , Fu Shihong , Wang Zuosu , Yin Qikai , Nie Kai , Yan Juying , Deng Xuan , He Ying , Liang Liang , Xu Songtao , Wang Zhenhai , Liang Guodong , Wang Huanyu
Published: April 2023

Background

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV; Flaviridae: Flavivirus) causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), which is the most important arboviral disease in Asia and the western Pacific. Among the five JEV genotypes (GI–V), GI has dominated traditional epidemic regions in the past 20 years. We investigated the transmission dynamics of JEV GI through genetic analyses.

Methods

We generated 18 JEV GI near full length sequences by using multiple sequencing approaches from mosquitoes collected in natural settings or from viral isolates obtained through cell culture. We performed phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history by integrating our data with 113 publicly available JEV GI sequences.

Results

We identified two subtypes of JEV GI (GIa and GIb), with a rate of 5.94 × 10−4 substitutions per site per year (s/s/y). At present, GIa still circulates within a limited region, exhibited no significant growth, the newest strain was discovered in China (Yunnan) in 2017, whereas most JEV strains circulating belong to the GIb clade. During the past 30 years, two large GIb clades have triggered epidemics in eastern Asia: one epidemic occurred in 1992 [95% highest posterior density (HPD) = 1989–1995] and the causative strain circulates mainly in southern China (Yunnan, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Taiwan) (Clade 1); the other epidemic occurred in 1997 (95% HPD = 1994–1999) and the causative strain has increased in circulation in northern and southern China during the past 5 years (Clade 2). An emerging variant of Clade 2 contains two new amino acid markers (NS2a-151V, NS4b-20K) that emerged around 2005; this variant has demonstrated exponential growth in northern China.

Conclusion

JEV GI stain circulating in Asia have shifted during the past 30 years, spatiotemporal differences were observed among JEV GI subclade. GIa is still circulating within a limited range, exhibite no significant growth. Two large GIb clades have triggered epidemics in eastern Asia, all JEV sequences identified in northern China during the past 5 years were of the new emerging variant of G1b-clade 2.
The relative importance of key meteorological factors affecting numbers of mosquito vectors of dengue fever
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Xia , Tang Sanyi , Cheke Robert A.
Published: April 2023

Although single factors such as rainfall are known to affect the population dynamics of Aedes albopictus, the main vector of dengue fever in Eurasia, the synergistic effects of different meteorological factors are not fully understood. To address this topic, we used meteorological data and mosquito-vector association data including Breteau and ovitrap indices in key areas of dengue outbreaks in Guangdong Province, China, to formulate a five-stage mathematical model for Aedes albopictus population dynamics by integrating multiple meteorological factors. Unknown parameters were estimated using a genetic algorithm, and the results were analyzed by k-Shape clustering, random forest and grey correlation analysis. In addition, the population density of mosquitoes in 2022 was predicted and used for evaluating the effectiveness of the model. We found that there is spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the effects of temperature and rainfall and their distribution characteristics on the diapause period, the numbers of peaks in mosquito densities in summer and the annual total numbers of adult mosquitoes. Moreover, we identified the key meteorological indicators of the mosquito quantity at each stage and that rainfall (seasonal rainfall and annual total rainfall) was more important than the temperature distribution (seasonal average temperature and temperature index) and the uniformity of rainfall annual distribution (coefficient of variation) for most of the areas studied. The peak rainfall during the summer is the best indicator of mosquito population development. The results provide important theoretical support for the future design of mosquito vector control strategies and early warnings of mosquito-borne diseases.
A meta-analysis of the relationship between circulating microRNA-155 and coronary artery disease
Authors: Ran Tao , Chen Jinyao , Cheng Yu , Zhang Min , Mao Min , Xiang Rui , Zuo Zhong , Chang Jing , Han Baoru , Ma Kanghua
Published: April 2023

Objective

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Many studies in China and abroad have reported an association between the expression level of microRNA-155 and CAD; however, the results remain controversial. We aimed to comprehensively investigate this association based on a meta-analysis.

Methods

We first systematically searched eight Chinese and English databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, to identify studies concerning the relationship between microRNA-155 levels and CAD published before February 7, 2021. The quality of the literature was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate the standard mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Sixteen articles with a total of 2069 patients with CAD and 1338 controls were included. All the articles were of high quality according to the NOS. The meta-analysis showed that the mean level of microRNA-155 was significantly lower in patients with CAD than in controls. Based on subgroup analyses, the level of microRNA-155 in the plasma of CAD patients and in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients was significantly lower than that in controls, whereas this level in CAD patients with mild stenosis was significantly higher than that in controls.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that the expression level of circulating microRNA-155 in patients with CAD is lower than that in a non-CAD group, suggesting a new possible reference index for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with CAD.
CD36 regulates substrates utilisation in brown adipose tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats: In vitro study
Authors: Silhavy Jan , Mlejnek Petr , Šimáková Miroslava , Marková Irena , Malínská Hana , Hüttl Martina , Kazdová Ludmila , Kazantsev Dmitry , Mancini Massimiliano , Novotný Jiří , Pravenec Michal
Published: April 2023

Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) uses intracellular triglycerides, circulating free fatty acids and glucose as the main substrates. The objective of the current study was to analyse the role of CD36 fatty acid translocase in regulation of glucose and fatty acid utilisation in BAT. BAT isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with mutant Cd36 gene and SHR-Cd36 transgenic rats with wild type variant was incubated in media containing labeled glucose and palmitate to measure substrate incorporation and oxidation. SHR-Cd36 versus SHR rats showed significantly increased glucose incorporation into intracellular lipids associated with reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) protein expression and phosphorylation and increased oxidation of exogenous palmitate. It can be concluded that CD36 enhances glucose transport for lipogenesis in BAT by suppressing GSK-3β and promotes direct palmitate oxidation.
Efficacy of coping mechanisms used during COVID-19 as reported by parents of children with autism
Authors: Wang Florence , Memis Idil , Durocher Jennifer S. , Furar Emily , Cavalcante Leylane , Eshraghi Rebecca S. , Samson Andrea C. , Van Herwegen Jo , Dukes Daniel , Alessandri Michael , Mittal Rahul , Eshraghi Adrien A.
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic’s alterations to daily life have been especially challenging for families with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), worsening the core features of ASD and overall mental health. With the increased need for effective coping, the current retrospective study used data from a survey regarding parent reports of how often their child with ASD used certain coping strategies (frequency), as well as the extent to which they felt their child benefitted from their use (efficacy) in mitigating stress during the pandemic. This retrospective study Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate whether there were significant differences in both frequency and efficacy ratings for each coping strategy, for the entire sample as well as for three children’s age groups. Using Spearman’s rank-order correlations, correlation coefficients between the frequency and efficacy of each coping strategy were explored. Results revealed that maladaptive strategies were used more frequently than adaptive strategies, while parent routine as the most frequently used and efficacious for all age groups. Additionally, for adaptive strategies, humor and focusing on the positive had the strongest correlations between frequency and efficacy ratings amongst all age groups. Of the maladaptive strategies, repetitive behaviors, rumination, and isolation had the strongest correlations for the youngest, middle, and oldest age groups, respectively. Further, for each age group, the adaptive coping strategies had stronger correlations between frequency and efficacy than the maladaptive ones. It is our hope that the results of this study will lay the foundation for developing adaptive coping strategies to alleviate stress in children with ASD. Further investigations using a larger cohort are warranted to determine effective coping strategies for individuals with ASD across a range of situations, including acute stressors (such as future public health emergencies and natural disasters), as well as common daily stressors.
Stress affects the prediction of others’ behavior
Authors: Witt Sarah , Seehagen Sabine , Zmyj Norbert
Published: April 2023

Predicting behavior of other people is vital for successful social interactions. We tested whether a stress-induced cortisol increase affects healthy young men’s prediction of another individual’s behavior. Forty-two participants were randomly assigned to a stress or to a control condition. Afterwards, they participated in a modified false-belief task that not only tests false-belief understanding but also the tendency to predict another person’s future behavior based on his former behavior. Subjective ratings and salivary cortisol concentrations revealed a successful stress induction. Stress did not affect participants’ attribution of false beliefs but it increased the probability to predict that a protagonist would act according to his former behavior. Recognizing that stress fosters the interpretation of others’ behavior following their former behavior and not their current goals extends previous research showing that stress fosters our own habitual behavior.
Graph-based machine learning improves just-in-time defect prediction
Authors: Bryan Jonathan , Moriano Pablo
Published: April 2023

The increasing complexity of today’s software requires the contribution of thousands of developers. This complex collaboration structure makes developers more likely to introduce defect-prone changes that lead to software faults. Determining when these defect-prone changes are introduced has proven challenging, and using traditional machine learning (ML) methods to make these determinations seems to have reached a plateau. In this work, we build contribution graphs consisting of developers and source files to capture the nuanced complexity of changes required to build software. By leveraging these contribution graphs, our research shows the potential of using graph-based ML to improve Just-In-Time (JIT) defect prediction. We hypothesize that features extracted from the contribution graphs may be better predictors of defect-prone changes than intrinsic features derived from software characteristics. We corroborate our hypothesis using graph-based ML for classifying edges that represent defect-prone changes. This new framing of the JIT defect prediction problem leads to remarkably better results. We test our approach on 14 open-source projects and show that our best model can predict whether or not a code change will lead to a defect with an F1 score as high as 77.55% and a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) as high as 53.16%. This represents a 152% higher F1 score and a 3% higher MCC over the state-of-the-art JIT defect prediction. We describe limitations, open challenges, and how this method can be used for operational JIT defect prediction.
Mixed management in growing and finishing pigs: Differences between gender and their impacts on behavior, growth performance, and physiological parameters
Authors: da Fonseca de Oliveira Angela Cristina , Costa Leandro Batista , Weber Saulo Henrique , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis , Dalmau Antoni
Published: April 2023

Mixing, a common management strategy used to regroup pigs, has been reported to impair individual performance and affect pig welfare because of the establishment of a new social hierarchy after regrouping. In this study we aimed to determine whether mixing management (non-mixedvs. mixed) and gender (giltsvs. barrows) affect the social and non-social behavior, performance, and physiological parameters of pigs. A total of 96 growing pigs (48 barrows and 48 females) were separated into two treatments: control (CT)—pigs that were mixed once during the growing-finishing period; and social stress (SS)—pigs that were mixed thrice during the growing-finishing period. We recorded social and non-social behaviors, injury score, performance, and physiological parameters during the experimental period. Data were grouped by the period, based on each mix performed, and overall values. The statistical analysis performed considered gender and treatment. For treatment, during period–II and III, the SS group presented the highest frequency of agonistic interactions (AI), stayed longer lying laterally (LL) and sternly (LS), and explored more enrichment material (ER) than the CT group. Furthermore, SS pigs presented the highest injury score in the ear, head, and middle and posterior regions. Compared to the females, the barrows spent more time at the electronic feed station and initiated most of the agonistic interactions during period–II, and they presented a higher injury score for the ear and head regions during period–III. In conclusion, repeated regrouping significantly affected social and feeding behavior without severely altering performance and physiological parameters. Furthermore, different patterns of social and feeding behavior, agonistic interactions, and injury scores between barrows and females were observed. This study provides an understanding of the impact of mixing management and gender differences on pigs, and this knowledge can be used to improve swine productivity and welfare.
Knowledge and practice of facemask disposal among university students in Thailand: A new normal post the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaewchutima Narisara , Precha Nopadol , Duangkong Netnapa , Jitbanjong Anthika , Dwipayanti Ni Made Utami
Published: April 2023

The use of facemasks is essential to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. University students are a significant demographic that generates substantial infectious waste due to the new normal practice of using disposable facemasks. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the facemask disposal knowledge and practices among university students in Thailand between September and October 2022. We used a self-report questionnaire comprising 29 questions to determine the students’ demographic characteristics and facemask disposal knowledge and practices. We then applied a logistic regression model to estimate the association between the students’ facemask disposal knowledge and practices and their demographic characteristics. A total of 433 participants completed the questionnaire comprising health science (45.27%) and non-health science (54.73%) students. Surgical masks were the most popular masks (89.84%), followed by N95 (26.33%) and cloth masks (9.94%). While their levels of knowledge regarding facemask disposal were poor, the students’ practices were good. The factors associated with proper facemask disposal were sex (AOR = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.267, 0.825), academic grade (AOR = 0.427, 95% CI: 0.193, 0.948), and knowledge level (AOR = 0.594, 95% CI: 0.399, 0.886). No demographic factors influenced knowledge. Our findings highlight the influence of facemask disposal knowledge on students’ disposal practices. Information promoting the appropriate disposal practices should therefore be promoted extensively. Furthermore, continuous reinforcement by raising awareness and educating students on proper facemask disposal combined with the provision of adequate infectious waste disposal facilities could help reduce the environmental contamination of infectious waste and thus improve general waste management.
Piloting audience emotion for the television anti-heroine: Gender and immorality
Authors: Dean Levi
Published: April 2023

The principal aim of this article is to explore how screenwriters can guide audience emotions with respect to the television anti-heroine and encourage their engagement. The model ‘piloting audience emotion for the television anti-heroine’ will be presented as a screenwriting tool to encourage audience engagement by sequencing specific emotional responses at key points in a pilot episode. This framework is the result of the author’s research that explored how audience engagement with a television anti-heroine can be encouraged and comprised of the development of a television show titled Angela. Discoveries made during practice were used to synthesize Aristotle’s understanding of pity, fear and catharsis with Murray Smith’s structure of sympathy. The model that arose is not an absolute approach, but regardless of its veracity, the conclusions drawn will at the very least promote scholarship concerning the creative development of an anti-heroine screenplay. Before the framework and the specific components comprising it are critically unpacked, the term emotion is first defined within the context of this article.
Beyond computationality: Radical play and aesthetics in future compasses
Authors: Chateau Lucie
Published: April 2023

The subreddit r/FutureCompasses is an online community where users play with the notion of a computationality engineered futurity. Future compasses are intricate 4 × 4 grids that imagine different futures. Each grid offers sixteen different futuristic scenarios thematically structured around concepts such as ecology or technology. These compasses combine computationality with experimental aesthetics through play. As per Roger Callois, play here crucially involves the creation of a new universal reality The authors of these compasses participate in the making of new social reality by applying a computational lens to the future and offering speculative scenarios about what the future could be. However, these scenarios do not reflect a realistic future for humanity. Instead, they subvert the idea of being able to calculate the future. Through creative play and experimental aesthetics, users who produce future compasses contrast computationality with human creativity. In this way, future compasses take their place in the artistic tradition of the New Aesthetic as defined by James Bridle. This article argues that future compasses contrast what can be technologically calculated and what should be creatively imagined.
I’m bad: The fascination of embodying the evil in a virtual world
Authors: Jerrentrup Maja Tabea
Published: April 2023

Drawing on in-depth interviews, as well as digital and real-life participant observation, this article deals with the question of why many people are eager to embody something evil in the context of staged, digital photography – that is, to depict evil creatures and/or evil deeds. After looking at the general fascination for the evil and the way it is staged, the moment of embodiment is considered, a process of specific importance in times of digitalization: during the embodiment, the model can try out the evil quasi as a test without consequence and is able to physically express negative or socially undesired feelings such as not fitting in, disgust or anger and feel empowered while doing so. Furthermore, the resulting photographs offer the possibility to shape and form the evil and thus, to subject it to art, to aestheticize it and to make it presentable and manageable.
Diagnosing and treating esophageal obstruction in camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Sadan Madeh , El-Khodery Sabry , Almatroodi Saleh , Alsobayil Fahd , El-Shafaey El-Sayed
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim: Esophageal obstruction is a common occurrence and a serious condition in camels. This study aimed to assess the effects of mineral deficiency on esophageal obstruction rates in dromedary camels and describe their clinical presentation and treatment outcomes.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight camels were allocated to two groups. Group 1 (control) was composed of 10 sound camels. Group 2 included 18 camels with esophageal obstruction which were based on clinical and imaging evaluations. Hematobiochemical examinations in control and affected camels were compared and statistically analyzed.

Results: In camels with esophageal obstruction when compared with controls, hematological analyses showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, along with significantly decreased total white blood counts. Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, glucose, albumin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in affected camels when compared with controls. Furthermore, gamma-glutamyl transferase, globulin, sodium, chloride, cobalt, iron, manganese, and selenium concentrations were significantly reduced. Affected camels were treated by stomach tube or surgery and were completely recovered, except for one camel with an esophageal fistula.

Conclusion: A lack of trace elements could have a significant role in esophageal obstruction in dromedaries. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and hematobiochemical evaluations are useful for the accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of esophageal obstruction in camels.

Keywords: animals, diagnostic imaging, esophagus, fistula, pathology.
Influence of Hospitality Careers on Preferred Family Size
Authors: Francis Kabii , Wandaka John K. M.
Published: April 2023

The aim of this research was to investigate influence of jobs hospitality industry on employee’s preferred family size. The specific objective was to investigate whether ladies' level of education, ages, and their careers affect influence their decision on the number of children they would have. The descriptive research method was used in the study. The data was collected from 186 respondents who were randomly selected. The study triangulated both qualitative and quantitative methods. The majority 46% of the respondents had   1 to 2 children while 30% had 3 to 4 children with a minority of 8 % having between 4 to 6 children. This finding was significant X2 =88.377, df (4), p<.0001 It was found that women's employment, education, marital status, attitude toward having children, and availability of family planning methods were some of the factors that influenced their family size.  There were weak positive correlations (r=0.195) p<0.026) between the hospitality career and the preferred family meaning that the career influenced respondents' attitude towards family size. There was a positive correlation between job flexibility and intention to have a family (r=-.483, p<.003.)  There were weak inverse correlations between the financial cost of bringing up children and the number of children a family would like to have (r=-227, p<.012).
Whether exercises and testosterone replacement therapy support a treatment for cardiovascular and atherosclerotic patients with iliac artery stenosis and low total testosterone and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol after endovascular procedure?
Authors: Solaković Sid , Solaković Nina , Jogunčić Anes , Spahović Hajrudin , Hajrulahović Fedja , Pavlović Ratko , Vrcić Mensur , Solaković Emir , Godinjak Amina , Skrypchenko Iryna , Dorofieieva Olena , Yarymbash Kseniia
Published: April 2023

Serum levels of testosterone (ST) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are generally associated with atherosclerosis in male patients over 50 years with critic iliac stenosis (TASC II A and B) and cardiovascular disease with significant changes in HDL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In addition to the standard therapy, combined medicamentous therapy and adequate model of exercise are also important factors as medicines can improve HDL levels and primary bypass and endovascular potency impacting positively on improvement of ST or it can be the following testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) comprising cardiovascular disease prevention and vascular treatment as adjunct therapy options after endovascular and vascular surgical procedures.
The aim of the study is to identify the association between HDL and ST after surgical and endovascular intervention on the iliac segment (TASCII A and B), as well as cardiovascular risk factors with modified medium activity (MET) <6 with short interval increase over >6 (MET), with total duration of 30–60 minutes. It also attempts to remodel a patient behavioral pattern, optimize ST levels and link them to outcomes and patency of vascular procedures on the iliac segment.
Materials and methods. 108 selected male patients with cardiovascular disease combined with metabolic syndrome and critical iliac artery stenosis (TASC II A and B) were examined during 2014–2018, 4 years after invasive and minimal invasive treatment (54 patients were treated with surgical Dacron reconstruction and 54 patients – with endovascular treatment on short segment of critical iliac artery stenosis (TASC II A and B).
Results. In the total population, no difference was observed in changes of constraint-induced movement therapy between the standard exercise group and the control one after 4 years from baseline. However, there was no significant interaction between the effect of exercise trainings and primary bypass potency within 4 years.
Conclusions. Primary effects of endovascular procedure and Dacron bypass revascularization raise the risk of elevated testosterone levels after 4 years of group training but does not provide adequate answers to questions as to whether higher levels of ST have any major influence on primary bypass potency preventing further progression of cardiovascular disease and general symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerosis. However, exercise and TRT can be potential adjunctive therapeutic options for a future supporting postsurgical and endovascular illiac treatment in cardiovascular patients with low testosterone levels.
Living-related partial liver transplantation in unresectable liver metastatic colorectal cancer. A case report
Authors: Kotenko O. H. , Kotenko I. O. , Hryhorian M. S. , Minich A. A. , Matviienkiv A. O. , Mykhailiuk O. S.
Published: April 2023

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the outcome of using living-related partial liver transplantation in the treatment of unresectable liver metastatic colorectal cancer.
Case report. A woman, born in 1989, applied to the Medical Center Universal Clinic “Oberig” with a diagnosis of stage IV sigmoid colon cancer pT4N2M1 with synchronous liver metastases after sigmoidectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient underwent surgical intervention to the extent of right-sided hemihepatectomy with total caudate lobectomy, enucleation of metastases from the left liver lobe, cholecystectomy, extended lymphadenectomy, followed by systemic antitumor therapy. Six months later, according to laboratory and instrumental examinations, the progression of the disease was revealed in the form of new metastases development in the left liver lobe. After a thorough examination, a decision was made to treat the patient by living-related partial liver transplantation. On February 16, 2021, the patient underwent orthotopic transplantation of the left liver lobe from a living-related donor. The patient was discharged on the 31st postoperative day in a satisfactory condition. According to a control MRI after discharge, no signs of disease progression were detected. In the post-transplantation period, the patient developed an acute steroid-resistant rejection requiring antiplatelet immunoglobulin prescription. Three months after discharge, the patient was diagnosed with a high stricture of the bilio-biliary anastomosis, so resections of liver segment IV, hepaticocholedochus, and bihepaticojejunostomy on a defunctionalized Roux loop of the small intestine were performed. In the post-transplantation period, no signs of disease progression were detected, and no special antitumor treatment was used.
Conclusions. Liver transplantation is an effective and radical method of treatment for patients with unresectable liver metastatic colorectal cancer.
Optimizing measurement of misdiagnosis-related harms using symptom-disease pair analysis of diagnostic error (SPADE): comparison groups to maximize SPADE validity
Authors: Liberman Ava L. , Wang Zheyu , Zhu Yuxin , Hassoon Ahmed , Choi Justin , Austin J. Matthew , Johansen Michelle C. , Newman-Toker David E.
Published: April 2023

Diagnostic errors in medicine represent a significant public health problem but continue to be challenging to measure accurately, reliably, and efficiently. The recently developed Symptom-Disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error (SPADE) approach measures misdiagnosis related harms using electronic health records or administrative claims data. The approach is clinically valid, methodologically sound, statistically robust, and operationally viable without the requirement for manual chart review. This paper clarifies aspects of the SPADE analysis to assure that researchers apply this method to yield valid results with a particular emphasis on defining appropriate comparator groups and analytical strategies for balancing differences between these groups. We discuss four distinct types of comparators (intra-group and inter-group for both look-back and look-forward analyses), detailing the rationale for choosing one over the other and inferences that can be drawn from these comparative analyses. Our aim is that these additional analytical practices will improve the validity of SPADE and related approaches to quantify diagnostic error in medicine.
Early Mosques that have Never Been (Found): Literary Sources Versus Physical Remains
Authors: Nol Hagit
Published: April 2023

Mosques are one main type of evidence to represent early Islam in the archaeological record. Dating mosques is crucial for pinpointing the earliest presence of the Muslim faith in a region and to test certain historical narratives known from the literary sources. Scholars, however, sometimes date medieval mosques in excavations and surveys relying on literary sources. Following these texts has led to dating several mosque remains to the seventh or eighth century. In contrast, archaeologically independent dating tools support only later or indefinite dates for these ancient structures. This article presents four sites that consist of a mosque each of which has been dated to the seventh or eighth century: Fusṭāṭ, Jerusalem, Wāsiṭ, and Ramla. Through these case studies, supplemented by similar examples, I demonstrate the gap between the literary sources and the material evidence. Interpreting relevant epigraphical data, as well as excavation results from many more sites, suggests that the spread of mosques beyond the Arabian Peninsula and Greater Syria occurred only in the ninth century. The literary sources, therefore, cannot be read at face value and can certainly not form the basis for interpreting and dating physical remains.