bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aboveground and Soil Carbon Stock of Teak Plantations under Varied Rainfall Regimes
Authors: Salimath Supriya K. , Hegde Ramakrishna , Clara Manasa P. A.  , Ganapati
Published: December 2023

Aims: Forest plantations are considered to be the most effective approach to reducing the atmosphere's rising carbon dioxide levels. The variation in the carbon stock under important plantation species and the heterogeneity across climatic regimes, however, are urgently needed.

Place and Methodology: Research was conducted on seven-year-old teak plantations in Karnataka, India, to determine the above-ground and soil carbon sequestration potential of teak plantations under various rainfall regimes.

Results: The teak plantations under high rainfall zone (RFZ) accumulated maximum above-ground biomass revealing the positive effect of rainfall the productivity. This was reflected in the total above-ground carbon sequestration of the plantations leading to maximum carbon storage under the high RFZ followed by medium and low RFZ. Further, the variation of the SOC along the soil depth was evident in the present study.

Conclusion: According to the findings, rainfall significantly impacted above-ground carbon sequestration and SOC, with high rainfall leading to the greatest sequestration. The climate sensitivity of carbon sequestration demands elaborate studies to improve carbon storage in the plantations in future climate change scenarios.
Effect of Tillage and Precision Nitrogen Management Practices on N Uptake and Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) in Wheat in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Shukla Aditya , Kumar Mukesh , Verma Sandeep Kumar , Shukla Akanksha
Published: December 2023

At the Crop Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, (U.P.), during the rabi seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–23, an investigation titled " Effect of tillage and precision nitrogen management practices on N uptake and Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) in wheat in western UP " was conducted. The experiment was carried out using a split plot design with three replications. The treatments included four precise nitrogen treatments (N1-Control, N2-State recommendations, N3- Leaf Colour Chart (LCC) based nitrogen Application, and N4- Soil Plant Anaylsis Development (SPAD) meter based treatments) as sub plot treatments, and three conservation tillage treatments (C1- Conventional tillage, C2- Reduced tillage, and C3- Furrow irrigated raised bed (FIRB)} as main plots. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam having low organic matter (0.43%), low in available nitrogen, low in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The maximum N uptake and NUE was recorded under furrow irrigated raised beds plots during both the years. The maximum total N uptake and NUE was recorded under SPAD and was at par with LCC treatments.
Effect of Inorganic Nutrients and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Soil Properties of Maize (Zea mays L.) in N-W Region of Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Raghveer , Verma Karan , Soni Rajju Priya , Pratibha  , Singh Akashdeep
Published: December 2023

The field experiment on “Effect of inorganic nutrients and bio fertilizers on growth and yield of Maize (Zea mays. L) in N-W region of Punjab” was carried out at the research farm of Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda (Punjab) during kharif season 2022. The experiment comprising total 8 treatment combinations; viz:, T0-control, T1- (100 percent RDF), T2 NP (150 kg per ha;70 kg per ha), T3-NP (100 kg per ha; 40 kg per ha) + Azospirillum, T4-NPK (140 kg per ha; 70 kg per ha; 70 kg per ha), T5- NPK (110 kg per ha; 40 kg per ha; 30kg per ha) +Azotobacter, T6- NPK+Zn (150kg per ha; 70 kg per ha; 70 kg per ha) + 50 kg per ha, T7- NPK +S+ S +Zn (160 kg per ha;70 kg per ha;70 kg per ha) + 50 kg per ha +30 kg per ha, T8-NPK (110kg per ha; 50kg per ha; 50kg per ha) + Azotobacter +Azospirillum. Experiment was carried out in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that growth, yield and economics of Maize influenced significantly due to application of nitrogen practices. The highest grain yield of 59.70 quintal per ha and stover yield 93.4 quintal per ha was recorded with combined application of NPK + S + Zn (160 kg per ha; 70 kg per ha; 70 kg per ha) + 50 kg per ha + 30 kg per ha (T7).
What Is Alpha-Gal Syndrome?
Authors: Mollah Fatema , Zacharek Mark A. , Benjamin Mariel R.
Published: December 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes alpha-gal syndrome, a type of food allergy to red meat products, and its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
State-Regulated Psychedelics on a Collision Course With FDA
Authors: Marks Mason
Published: December 2023

This Viewpoint examines how US states are reforming legislation to allow access to psychedelics for therapeutic use, but federal laws consider these agents to be Schedule I drugs, and the discordance between state and federal law may create confusion and conflict.
Recommendations to Improve Quality of Probiotic Systematic Reviews With Meta-Analyses
Authors: McFarland Lynne V. , Hecht Gail , Sanders Mary E. , Goff Debra A. , Goldstein Ellie J. C. , Hill Colin , Johnson Stuart , Kashi Maryam R. , Kullar Ravina , Marco Maria L. , Merenstein Daniel J. , Millette Mathieu , Preidis Geoffrey A. , Quigley Eamonn M. M. , Reid Gregor , Salminen Seppo , Sniffen Jason C. , Sokol Harry , Szajewska Hania , Tancredi Daniel J. , Woolard Kristin
Published: December 2023

Importance

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses often report conflicting results when assessing evidence for probiotic efficacy, partially because of the lack of understanding of the unique features of probiotic trials. As a consequence, clinical decisions on the use of probiotics have been confusing.

Objective

To provide recommendations to improve the quality and consistency of systematic reviews with meta-analyses on probiotics, so evidence-based clinical decisions can be made with more clarity.

Evidence Review

For this consensus statement, an updated literature review was conducted (January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022) to supplement a previously published 2018 literature search to identify areas where probiotic systematic reviews with meta-analyses might be improved. An expert panel of 21 scientists and physicians with experience on writing and reviewing probiotic reviews and meta-analyses was convened and used a modified Delphi method to develop recommendations for future probiotic reviews.

Findings

A total of 206 systematic reviews with meta-analysis components on probiotics were screened and representative examples discussed to determine areas for improvement. The expert panel initially identified 36 items that were inconsistently reported or were considered important to consider in probiotic meta-analyses. Of these, a consensus was reached for 9 recommendations to improve the quality of future probiotic meta-analyses.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, the expert panel reached a consensus on 9 recommendations that should promote improved reporting of probiotic systematic reviews with meta-analyses and, thereby, assist in clinical decisions regarding the use of probiotics.
Visceral adipose tissue volume effect in Crohn's disease using reduced exposure CT enterography
Authors: Hunter Sara A. , Baker Mark E. , Ream Justin M. , Sweet David E. , Austin Nicholas A. , Remer Erick M. , Primak Andrew , Bullen Jennifer , Obuchowski Nancy , Karim Wadih , Herts Brian R.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of visceral adipose tissue volume (VA) on reader efficacy in diagnosing and characterizing small bowel Crohn's disease using lower exposure CT enterography (CTE). Secondarily, we investigated the effect of lower exposure and VA on reader diagnostic confidence.

Methods

Prospective paired investigation of 256 CTE, 129 with Crohn's disease, were reconstructed at 100% and simulated 50% and 30% exposure. The senior author provided the disease classification for the 129 patients with Crohn's disease. Patient VA was measured, and exams were evaluated by six readers for presence or absence of Crohn's disease and phenotype using a 0–10‐point scale. Logistic regression models assessed the effect of VA on sensitivity and specificity.

Results

The effect of VA on sensitivity was significantly reduced at 30% exposure (odds radio [OR]: 1.00) compared to 100% exposure (OR: 1.12) (p = 0.048). There was no statistically significant difference among the exposures with respect to the effect of visceral fat on specificity (p = 0.159). The study readers’ probability of agreement with the senior author on disease classification was 60%, 56%, and 53% at 100%, 50%, and 30% exposure, respectively (p = 0.004). When detecting low severity Crohn's disease, readers’ mean sensitivity was 83%, 75%, and 74% at 100%, 50%, and 30% exposure, respectively (p = 0.002). In low severity disease, sensitivity also tended to increase as visceral fat increased (ORs per 1000 cm3 increase in visceral fat: 1.32, 1.31, and 1.18, p = 0.010, 0.016, and 0.100, at 100%, 50%, and 30% exposure).

Conclusions

While the interaction is complex, VA plays a role in detecting and characterizing small bowel Crohn's disease when exposure is altered, particularly in low severity disease.
The Mechanical and Functional Behaviors of Mn–15 wt%Cu Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Wei Tongbo , Yang Jingjing , Wang Zemin , Su Chenyu , Zhao Chunyang , Zhou Jianxin
Published: December 2023

Mn–Cu‐based alloys possess excellent mechanical and functional properties (damping capacity and shape memory effect). This work utilizes a typical additive manufacturing technique, selective laser melting (SLM), to fabricate Mn–15 wt%Cu alloys to explore the mechanical and functional behaviors. The results indicate that the γ‐(Mn, Cu) and a small amount of γ′‐(Mn, Cu) phase are the main phase compositions in the as‐SLMed Mn–15 wt%Cu alloy, as well as twins and second‐phase precipitation particles. The microstructure shows a fine cellular γ‐(Mn, Cu) dendrite with primary dendrite spacing of ≈0.9 μm in the columnar grains with a size of ≈8 μm. The martensitic transformation start temperature (MS) and phase transformation hysteresis are ≈132.6 and ≈5.1 °C, respectively. The existing nanoscale chemical segregations of Mn and Cu are attributed to the spinodal decomposition of γ‐(Mn, Cu). A compositional modulation is observed with a wavelength of ≈20 nm and an amplitude fluctuation of Mn (55–85 wt%) and Cu concentrations (15–45 wt%). Finally, the as‐SLMed Mn–15 wt%Cu alloy boasts good tensile properties (359, 268 MPa, and 3.6%), damping (internal friction of 0.032 when the strain amplitude is 9 × 10−4), and shape memory performances (one‐way ηow = 37–48%, and two‐way ηtw = 16–20% under the pre‐deformation strain of 2–3%).
Solvent Annealing Enabling Reconstruction of Cadmium Sulfide Film for Improved Heterojunction Quality and Photovoltaic Performance of Antimony Selenosulfide Solar Cells
Authors: Gu Yuehao , Liang Wenhao , Che Yixuan , Cai Zhiyuan , Xiao Peng , Yang Junjie , Zang Runxuan , Wang Hong , Wu Xiaojun , Chen Tao
Published: December 2023

Antimony selenosulfide, Sb2(S,Se)3, has been considered as new‐generation light‐harvesting material for high‐efficiency photovoltaic applications due to its adjustable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, and excellent stability. In terms of device operation, the electron transfer from the electron transporting layer to Sb2(S,Se)3 layer plays a critical role in improving the photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency of solar devices. Intricately manipulating the surface and interface properties has been a great challenge in solar cell fabrications. Herein, an effective approach toward the reconstruction of the CdS interfacial layer, and the following Sb2(S,Se)3 absorber film by utilizing polar ethylenediamine (EDA) solvent annealing at room temperature is developed. It is found that the presence of nitrogen‐containing functional groups of EDA on the CdS surface not only promotes the grain growth and crystallization of CdS, but also induces optimized deposition of Sb2(S,Se)3 films in terms of interfacial contact and defect formation. Finally, the Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell based on EDA–CdS achieves a top efficiency of 10.10%. This study provides an efficient method and a new understanding of chemically healing inorganic thin films.
Surface Passivation with Diaminopropane Dihydroiodide for p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 25% Efficiency
Authors: Lan Zhong‐Rui , Wang Yu‐Duan , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Ma Dian‐Xue , Liu Zhenghao , Li Dongmei , Hou Yi , Yao Jiannian , Zhong Yu‐Wu
Published: December 2023

At present, one of the major factors limiting the further improvement of inverted (p‐i‐n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is trap‐assisted non‐radiative recombination at the perovskite/electron transporting layer (ETL) interface. Surface passivation with organic ammonium salt is a powerful strategy to improve the performance of PSCs. Herein, an effective method by using propylamine hydroiodide (PAI) and 1,3‐diaminopropane dihydroiodide (PDADI) is reported to modify the perovskite/ETL interface. These two ammonium salts do not form new perovskite but directly passivate the defects on the perovskite surface after annealing. The results show that the PDADI‐modified perovskite films possess a lower surface defect density and less non‐radiative recombination as well as improved charge carrier transport. Based on this strategy, the PDADI‐modified p‐i‐n PSCs deliver an impressive efficiency of 25.09% (certified 24.58%) with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.184 V. Furthermore, the unencapsulated PDADI‐modified PSCs also exhibit good storage stability, retaining 91% of initial PCE at 65 °C in a N2 glove box for 1300 h. This strategy provides an efficient route to fabricate highly efficient and stable inverted p‐i‐n structured PSCs.
Strengthening the Combinational Immunotherapy from Modulating the Tumor Inflammatory Environment via Hypoxia‐Responsive Nanogels
Authors: Luo Wenhe , Zeng Yanqiao , Song Qingle , Wang Yu , Yuan Feng , Li Qi , Liu Yingnan , Li Su , Jannatun Nahar , Zhang Guofang , Li Yang
Published: December 2023

Despite the success of immuno‐oncology in clinical settings, the therapeutic efficacy is lower than the expectation due to the immunosuppressive inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of functional lymphocytes caused by exhaustion. To enhance the efficacy of immuno‐oncotherapy, a synergistic strategy should be used that can effectively improve the inflammatory TME and increase the tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Herein, a TME hypoxia‐responsive nanogel (NG) is developed to enhance the delivery and penetration of diacerein and (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in tumors. After systemic administration, diacerein effectively improves the tumor immunosuppressive condition through a reduction of MDSCs and Tregs in TME, and induces tumor cell apoptosis via the inhibition of IL‐6/STAT3 signal pathway, realizing a strong antitumor effect. Additionally, EGCG can effectively inhibit the expression of PD‐L1, restoring the tumor‐killing function of CTLs. The infiltration of CTLs increases at the tumor site with activation of systemic immunity after the combination of TIM3 blockade therapy, ultimately resulting in a strong antitumor immune response. This study provides valuable insights for future research on eliciting effective antitumor immunity by suppressing adverse tumor inflammation. The feasible strategy proposed in this work may solve the urgent clinical concerns of the dissatisfactory checkpoint‐based immuno‐oncotherapy.
A Generic Strategy to Stabilize Wide Bandgap Perovskites for Efficient Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Li Sheng , Zheng Zhuo , Ju Jiaqi , Cheng Siyang , Chen Feiyu , Xue Zexu , Ma Li , Wang Zhiping
Published: December 2023

Efficient wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are essential for fully maximizing the potential of tandem solar cells. However, these cells currently face challenges such as high photovoltage losses and the presence of phase segregation, which impede the attainment of their expected efficiency and stability. Herein, the root cause of halide segregation is investigated, uncovering a close association with the presence of locally aggregated lead iodide (PbI2), particularly at the perovskite/C60 interface. Kelvin‐probe atomic force microscopy results indicate that the remaining PbI2 at the interface leads to potential electrical differences between the domain surface and boundaries, which drives the formation of halide segregation. By reacting the surface PbI2 residue with ethanediamine dihydroiodide (EDAI2) at proper temperature, it is possible to effectively mitigate the phase segregation. By applying this surface reaction strategy in WBG inverted cells, a notable improvement of ≈100 mV is achieved in photovoltage over a wide range of WBG cells (1.67–1.78 eV), resulting in a champion efficiency of 23.1% (certified 22.95%) for 1.67 eV cells and 19.7% (certified 18.81%) for 1.75 eV cells. Furthermore, efficiency of 26.1% is demonstrated in a monolithic all‐perovskite tandem cell.
Maximizing Triboelectric Nanogenerators by Physics‐Informed AI Inverse Design
Authors: Jiao Pengcheng , Wang Zhong Lin , Alavi Amir H.
Published: December 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators offer an environmentally friendly approach to harvesting energy from mechanical excitations. This capability has made them widely sought‐after as an efficient, renewable, and sustainable energy source, with the potential to decrease reliance on traditional fossil fuels. However, developing triboelectric nanogenerators with specific output remains a challenge mainly due to the uncertainties associated with their complex designs for real‐life applications. Artificial intelligence‐enabled inverse design is a powerful tool to realize performance‐oriented triboelectric nanogenerators. This is an emerging scientific direction that can address the concerns about the design and optimization of triboelectric nanogenerators leading to a next generation nanogenerator systems. This perspective paper aims at reviewing the principal analysis of triboelectricity, summarizing the current challenges of designing and optimizing triboelectric nanogenerators, and highlighting the physics‐informed inverse design strategies to develop triboelectric nanogenerators. Strategic inverse design is particularly discussed in the contexts of expanding the four‐mode analytical models by physics‐informed artificial intelligence, discovering new conductive and dielectric materials, and optimizing contact interfaces. Various potential development levels of artificial intelligence‐enhanced triboelectric nanogenerators are delineated. Finally, the potential of physics‐informed artificial intelligence inverse design to propel triboelectric nanogenerators from prototypes to multifunctional intelligent systems for real‐life applications is discussed.
A “One Arrow Three Eagle” Strategy to Improve CM‐272 Primed Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Ruiqi , Yang Jiani , Du Yaqian , Yu Xuefan , Liao Yuanyu , Wang Bojun , Yuan Kaikun , Wang Mingxu , Yao Yuanfei , Yang Piaoping
Published: December 2023

Immunotherapy using an immune‐checkpoint blockade has significantly improved its therapeutic effects. CM‐272, which is a novel epigenetic inhibitor of G9a, induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) for recovering the sensitivity to anti‐PD‐1 antibodies; however, the efficacy of CM‐272 is greatly limited by promoting the transcription activity of HIF‐1α to form a hypoxic environment. Here, a Fe3+‐based nanoscale metal–organic framework (MIL‐53) is used to load CM‐272 (ultra‐high loading rate of 56.4%) for realizing an MIL‐53@CM‐272 nanoplatform. After entering bladder cancer cells, Fe3+ not only promotes the decomposition of H2O2 into O2 for O2‐compensated sonodynamic therapy but reduces the high level of glutathione in the tumor microenvironment (TME) for enhancing reactive oxygen species, including ferroptosis and apoptosis. MIL‐53 carriers can be degraded in response to the TME, accelerating the release of CM‐272, which helps achieve the maximum effectiveness in an O2‐sufficient TME by attenuating drug resistance. Furthermore, MIL‐53@CM‐272 enhances dendritic cell maturation and synergistically combines it with an anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 antibody during the study of immune‐related pathways in the transcriptomes of bladder cancer cells using RNA‐seq. This study presents the first instance of amalgamating nanomedicine with CM‐272, inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and ICD to achieve the “one arrow three eagle” effect.
Specific Propyne Trapping Sites within a Robust MOF for Efficient Propyne/Propadiene Separation with Record Propadiene Productivity
Authors: Jiang Yunjia , Wang Lingyao , Hu Jianbo , Krishna Rajamani , Chen Banglin , Zhang Yuanbin
Published: December 2023

Separating propyne/propadiene to produce pure propadiene is extremely challenging in industry due to their similar properties. Herein, a novel ZrF62− anion pillared cage‐like metal‐organic framework (termed as CuZrF6‐TPA) for highly efficient propyne/propadiene separation is reported. It exhibits high propyne capacity (177.4/188.6 cm3/cm3 at 0.5/1.0 bar and 298 K), benchmark separation selectivity (6.0), and remarkable separation potential (5.7 mol L−1) simultaneously. Record propadiene productivity (≈4.7 mol L−1) is achieved through a single adsorption process in breakthrough experiments with excellent recycle stability even under humid conditions. Based on the structure of propyne‐loaded single crystals, two binding sites are identified, including a major propyne trapping site at the windows and a minor binding site located in the large cages. Modelling studies further confirm that the contracted cage windows surrounded with rotating Lewis basic F atoms and aromatic rings are the optimal bonding sites to capture propyne with multiple hydrogen bonding and π···π interactions.
Tough Conductive Organohydrogel for Wearable Sensing in Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Hong Seokkyoon , Park Taewoong , Lee Junsang , Ji Yuhyun , Dai Yumin , Yi Jonghun , Kim Joshua Jeremiah , Kim Dong Rip , Lee Chi Hwan
Published: December 2023

Conductive hydrogels, despite their significant potential, have faced historical limitations including vulnerability to dehydration, degradation of performance at extreme temperatures, and susceptibility to freezing in subzero conditions. Furthermore, the development of hydrogels that are both tough and stretchable, capable of maintaining performance under extreme environmental conditions, has remained a challenging task. Herein, an innovative conductive organohydrogel, distinguished by its superior toughness, stretchability, stability in regular ambient conditions, vacuum adaptability, and resistance to extreme temperatures is presented. By implementing a unique dry annealing process during synthesis, the mechanical strength of the organohydrogel has been substantially enhanced, dehydration concerns have been alleviated, and the structural integrity has been reinforced. In addition, the composition of the organohydrogel is specifically engineered to achieve both lasting endurance and sustainable longevity. This study signifies a crucial leap forward in creating high‐performing organohydrogels capable of functioning in a wide range of environments and conditions, thereby unlocking an array of adaptable applications.
Triplet Exciton Harvesting in Water by a Structurally Simple Organic Phosphor with Sustained Afterglow and Lifetime Tunability
Authors: Pattanayak Pradip , Nandi Arnab , Patra Ramen , Purkayastha Pradipta
Published: December 2023

Ultra‐long room temperature phosphorescence (URTP) materials are extremely promising for applications in organic electronics. Creating materials with controlled photophysics to achieve this, however, is difficult due to the challenges in filling up and stabilizing the sensitive triplet excited states at ambient temperature. Herein, triplet excitons are harvested by an intuitively designed structurally simple organic phosphor in water under ambient conditions by using supramolecular host–guest chemistry with cucurbituril‐7 (CB7) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), a negatively charged surfactant, with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (PLQYs) (69% and 73% for CB7 and SDS, respectively) and phosphorescence lifetimes (12.52 and 12.42 ms for CB7 and SDS, respectively). A protective polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film successfully controls the afterglow emission, excited state lifetime as well as PLQY in a single organic phosphor (CzPy24+). While a 1% concentration of CzPy24+ in the PVA film shows blue phosphorescence with 78.82% PLQY having a lifetime of 1.9 s, a 5% of CzPy24+ addition shows a green afterglow with 67.52% PLQY and a lifetime of 1.3 s. Similarly, yellow afterglow is achieved on adding 20% CzPy24+ to the PVA film with a PLQY of 40.88%. The findings are promising and helpful in constructing tunable phosphors for suitable applications.
Achieving Broadband NIR Emission in Fe3+‐Activated ALaBB′O6 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca; B–B′ = Li–Te, Mg–Sb) Phosphors via Multi‐Site Ionic Co‐Substitutions
Authors: Su Shikun , Hu Chen , Ding Shaolei , Sun Yutong , Sun Lijie , Zou Yanfei , Liu Ronghui , Lei Zonghao , Teng Bing , Zhong Degao
Published: December 2023

Phosphor‐converted near‐infrared (NIR) LEDs are becoming increasingly demanded as miniature, portability, and broad emission spectrum. In this work, a class of Fe3+‐activated double perovskite structured is reported ALaBB′O6 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca; B–B′ = Li–Te, Mg–Sb) phosphors. Through the co‐substitution strategy at the A‐site and B‐B' sites, the emission spectral intensity and position of Fe3+ ions can be tuned. Finally, by utilizing Ca2+ at the A‐site and Mg–Sb co‐substitution for Li–Te, long‐wave NIR emission centered at 995 nm in CaLaMgSbO6: 0.6%Fe3+ with a full width at half maximum of 147 nm and internal quantum efficiency of 54.05% is achieved. The effects of the double perovskite crystal structure on Fe3+ photoluminescence properties are comprehensively analyzed. NIR LEDs are fabricated by encapsulating UV chips with the synthetic CaLaMgSbO6: 0.6%Fe3+ phosphors, and their application value in night vision, nondestructive biological monitoring, and NIR detection is evaluated.
Microfluidic‐Based Reconstitution of Functional Lymphatic Microvasculature: Elucidating the Role of Lymphatics in Health and Disease
Authors: Serrano Jean C. , Gillrie Mark R. , Li Ran , Ishamuddin Sarah H. , Moeendarbary Emad , Kamm Roger D.
Published: December 2023

The knowledge of the blood microvasculature and its functional role in health and disease has grown significantly attributable to decades of research and numerous advances in cell biology and tissue engineering; however, the lymphatics (the secondary vascular system) has not garnered similar attention, in part due to a lack of relevant in vitro models that mimic its pathophysiological functions. Here, a microfluidic‐based approach is adopted to achieve precise control over the biological transport of growth factors and interstitial flow that drive the in vivo growth of lymphatic capillaries (lymphangiogenesis). The engineered on‐chip lymphatics with in vivo‐like morphology exhibit tissue‐scale functionality with drainage rates of interstitial proteins and molecules comparable to in vivo standards. Computational and scaling analyses of the underlying transport phenomena elucidate the critical role of the three‐dimensional geometry and lymphatic endothelium in recapitulating physiological drainage. Finally, the engineered on‐chip lymphatics enabled studies of lymphatic‐immune interactions that revealed inflammation‐driven responses by the lymphatics to recruit immune cells via chemotactic signals similar to in vivo, pathological events. This on‐chip lymphatics platform permits the interrogation of various lymphatic biological functions, as well as screening of lymphatic‐based therapies such as interstitial absorption of protein therapeutics and lymphatic immunomodulation for cancer therapy.
Metabolic Enzyme SLC27A5 Regulates PIP4K2A pre‐mRNA Splicing as a Noncanonical Mechanism to Suppress Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Nie Dan , Tang Xin , Deng Haijun , Yang Xiaojun , Tao Junji , Xu Fengli , Liu Yi , Wu Kang , Wang Kai , Mei Zhechuan , Huang Ailong , Tang Ni
Published: December 2023

Solute carrier family 27 member 5, a key enzyme in fatty acid transport and bile acid metabolism in the liver, is frequently expressed in low quantities in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in poor prognosis. However, it is unclear whether SLC27A5 plays non‐canonical functions and regulates HCC progression. Here, an unexpected non‐canonical role of SLC27A5 is reported: regulating the alternative splicing of mRNA to inhibit the metastasis of HCC independently of its metabolic enzyme activity. Mechanistically, SLC27A5 interacts with IGF2BP3 to prevent its translocation into the nucleus, thereby inhibiting its binding to target mRNA and modulating PIP4K2A pre‐mRNA splicing. Loss of SLC27A5 results in elevated levels of the PIP4K2A‐S isoform, thus positively regulating phosphoinositide 3‐kinase signaling via enhanced p85 stability in HCC. SLC27A5 restoration by AAV‐Slc27a5 or IGF2BP3 RNA decoy oligonucleotides exerts an inhibitory effect on HCC metastasis with reduced expression of the PIP4K2A‐S isoform. Therefore, PIP4K2A‐S may be a novel target for treating HCC with SLC27A5 deficiency.
Spontaneous Transition of Spherical Coacervate to Vesicle‐Like Compartment
Authors: Choi Hyunsuk , Hong Yuri , Najafi Saeed , Kim Sun Young , Shea Joan‐Emma , Hwang Dong Soo , Choi Yoo Seong
Published: December 2023

Numerous biological systems contain vesicle‐like biomolecular compartments without membranes, which contribute to diverse functions including gene regulation, stress response, signaling, and skin barrier formation. Coacervation, as a form of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), is recognized as a representative precursor to the formation and assembly of membrane‐less vesicle‐like structures, although their formation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a coacervation‐driven membrane‐less vesicle‐like structure is constructed using two proteins, GG1234 (an anionic intrinsically disordered protein) and bhBMP‐2 (a bioengineered human bone morphogenetic protein 2). GG1234 formed both simple coacervates by itself and complex coacervates with the relatively cationic bhBMP‐2 under acidic conditions. Upon addition of dissolved bhBMP‐2 to the simple coacervates of GG1234, a phase transition from spherical simple coacervates to vesicular condensates occurred via the interactions between GG1234 and bhBMP‐2 on the surface of the highly viscoelastic GG1234 simple coacervates. Furthermore, the shell structure in the outer region of the GG1234/bhBMP‐2 vesicular condensates exhibited gel‐like properties, leading to the formation of multiphasic vesicle‐like compartments. A potential mechanism is proposed for the formation of the membrane‐less GG1234/bhBMP‐2 vesicle‐like compartments. This study provides a dynamic process underlying the formation of biomolecular multiphasic condensates, thereby enhancing the understanding of these biomolecular structures.
Endothelium‐Derived Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Protect the Pulmonary Endothelial Barrier in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Gu Zhengyan , Sun Mingxue , Liu Jihao , Huang Qi , Wang Yunqin , Liao Jun , Shu Tingbin , Tao Min , Mao Guanchao , Pei Zhipeng , Meng Wenqi , Zhang Xinkang , Wei Youheng , Zhang Shanshan , Li Songling , Xiao Kai , Lu Ying , Xu Qingqiang
Published: December 2023

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe respiratory disease with a high mortality rate. The integrity of the pulmonary endothelial barrier influences the development and prognosis of ALI. Therefore, it has become an important target for ALI treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising nanotherapeutic agents against ALI. Herein, endothelium‐derived engineered extracellular vesicles (eEVs) that deliver microRNA‐125b‐5p (miRNA‐125b) to lung tissues exerting a protective effect on endothelial barrier integrity are reported. eEVs that are modified with lung microvascular endothelial cell‐targeting peptides (LET) exhibit a prolonged retention time in lung tissues and targeted lung microvascular endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. To improve the efficacy of the EVs, miRNA‐125b is loaded into EVs. Finally, LET‐EVs‐miRNA‐125b is constructed. The results show that compared to the EVs, miRNA‐125b, and EVs‐miRNA‐125b, LET‐EVs‐miRNA‐125b exhibit the most significant treatment efficacy in ALI. Moreover, LET‐EVs‐miRNA‐125b is found to have an important protective effect on endothelial barrier integrity by inhibiting cell apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and protecting intercellular junctions. Sequencing analysis reveals that LET‐EVs‐miRNA‐125b downregulates early growth response‐1 (EGR1) levels, which may be a potential mechanism of action. Taken together, these findings suggest that LET‐EVs‐miRNA‐125b can treat ALI by protecting the endothelial barrier integrity.
Simultaneously Intelligent Sensing and Beamforming Based on an Adaptive Information Metasurface
Authors: Jiang Rui Zhe , Ma Qian , Gu Ze , Liang Jing Cheng , Xiao Qiang , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun
Published: December 2023

Due to its ability to adapt to a variety of electromagnetic (EM) environments, the sensing‐enabled metasurface has garnered significant attention. However, large‐scale EM‐field sensing to obtain more information is still very challenging. Here, an adaptive information metasurface is proposed to enable intelligent sensing and wave manipulating simultaneously or more specifically, to realize intelligent target localization and beam tracking adaptively. The metasurface is composed of an array of meta‐atoms, and each is loaded with two PIN diodes and a sensing‐channel structure, for polarization‐insensitive and programmable beamforming and sensing. By controlling the state of the PIN diode, the proposed meta‐atom has 1‐bit phase response in the designed frequency band, while the sensing loss keeps higher than ‐10 dB for both “ON” and “OFF” states. Hence there is nearly no interaction between the beamforming and sensing modes. Experiments are conducted to show multiple functions of the metasurface, including intelligent target sensing and self‐adaptive beamforming, and the measured results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.
Eliminating Halogen Vacancies Enables Efficient MACL‐Assisted Formamidine Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Liu Tianxiao , Li Meng , He Tingwei , Guo Gaofu , Liu Pengfei , Chen Ting , Yang Jien , Qin Chaochao , Dai Xianqi , Yuan Mingjian
Published: December 2023

Methylammonium chloride (MACl) additive is almost irreplaceable in high‐performance formamidine perovskite photovoltaics. Nevertheless, Some of the problems that can arise from adding MACl are rarely mentioned. Herein, it is proposed for the first time that the addition of MACl would cause the non‐stoichiometric ratio in the perovskite film, resulting in the halogen vacancy. It is demonstrated that the non‐synchronous volatilization of methylamine cations and chloride ions leads to the formation of halogen vacancy defects. To solve this problem, the NH4HCOO is introduced into the perovskite precursor solution to passivate the halogen vacancy. The HCOO− ions have a strong force with lead ions and can fill the halogen vacancy defects. Consequently, the champion devices' power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be improved from 21.23% to 23.72% with negligible hysteresis. And the unencapsulated device can still retain >90% of the initial PCE even operating in N2 atmosphere for over 1200 h. This work illustrates another halogen defect source in the MACl‐assisted formamidine perovskite photovoltaics and provides a new route to obtain high‐performance perovskite solar cells.
Decoupled Design for Highly Efficient Perchlorate Anion Intercalation and High‐Energy Rechargeable Aqueous Zn‐Graphite Batteries
Authors: Zheng Ying , Deng Ting , Shi Xiaoyuan , Zhang Hengbin , Liu Bo , Li Xun , Zheng Weitao
Published: December 2023

Seeking new cathode chemistry with high onset potential and compatibility with electrolytes has become a challenge for aqueous Zn ion batteries. Anion intercalation in graphite (4.5 V vs Li+/Li) possesses the potentiality but usually shows a competitive relationship with oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in aqueous solutions. Herein, a decoupled design is proposed to optimize a full utilization of perchlorate ion intercalation in graphite cathode by pH adjustment. Benefiting from the decoupled design, high Coulombic efficiency is obtained by decelerating the kinetic of OER in acidic media. The decoupled Zn‐graphite battery exhibits a wide potential window of 2.01 V, as well as an attractive energy density of 231 Wh kg−1. In addition, a Zn‐graphite battery with insertion is assembled, which demonstrates the capability of the proposed decoupled strategy to integrate novel electrode chemistries for high‐performance aqueous Zn‐based energy storage systems.
Chiral and Polar Duality Design of Heteroanionic Compounds: Sr18Ge9O5S31 Based on [Sr3OGeS3]2+ and [Sr3SGeS3]2+ Groups
Authors: Cui Shaoxin , Wu Hongping , Dong Xinkang , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. , Yu Hongwei
Published: December 2023

Chirality and polarity are the two most important and representative symmetry‐dependent properties. For polar structures, all the twofold axes perpendicular to the principal axis of symmetry should be removed. For chiral structures, all the mirror‐related symmetries and inversion axes should be removed. Especially for duality (polarity and chirality), all of the above symmetries should be broken and that also represents the highest‐level challenge. Herein, a new symmetry‐breaking strategy that employs heteroanionic groups to construct hourglass‐like [Sr3OGeS3]2+ and [Sr3SGeS3]2+ groups to design and synthesize a new oxychalcogenide Sr18Ge9O5S31 with chiral‐polar duality is proposed. The presence of two enantiomers of Sr18Ge9O5S31 is confirmed by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Its optical activity and ferroelectricity are also studied by solid‐state circular dichroism spectroscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy, respectively. Further property measurements show that Sr18Ge9O5S31 possesses excellent nonlinear optical properties, including the strong second harmonic generation efficiency (≈2.5 × AGS), large bandgap (3.61 eV), and wide mid‐infrared transparent region (≈15.3 µm). These indicate that the unique microstructure groups of heteroanionic materials are conducive to realizing symmetry‐breaking and are able to provide some inspiration for exploring the chiral‐polar duality materials.
An Immunomodulatory Zinc‐Alum/Ovalbumin Nanovaccine Boosts Cancer Metalloimmunotherapy Through Erythrocyte‐Assisted Cascade Immune Activation
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Lingxiao , Li Pin , Liu Shanbiao , Yu Shiyi , Chen Zheng , Zhu Mingjian , Xie Shangzhi , Ling Daishun , Li Fangyuan
Published: December 2023

Cancer therapeutic vaccines are powerful tools for immune system activation and eliciting protective responses against tumors. However, their efficacy has often been hindered by weak and slow immune responses. Here, the authors introduce an immunization strategy employing senescent erythrocytes to facilitate the accumulation of immunomodulatory zinc‐Alum/ovalbumin (ZAlum/OVA) nanovaccines within both the spleen and solid tumors by temporarily saturating liver macrophages. This approach sets the stage for boosted cancer metalloimmunotherapy through a cascade immune activation. The accumulation of ZAlum/OVA nanovaccines in the spleen substantially enhances autophagy‐dependent antigen presentation in dendritic cells, rapidly initiating OVA‐specific T‐cell responses against solid tumors. Concurrently, ZAlum/OVA nanovaccines accumulated in the tumor microenvironment trigger immunogenic cell death, leading to the induction of individualized tumor‐associated antigen‐specific T cell responses and increased T cell infiltration. This erythrocyte‐assisted cascade immune activation using ZAlum/OVA nanovaccines results in rapid and robust antitumor immunity induction, holding great potential for clinical cancer metalloimmunotherapy.
STING Agonist‐Loaded Nanoparticles Promotes Positive Regulation of Type I Interferon‐Dependent Radioimmunotherapy in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhou Han , Chen Qingjing , Lin Zhiwen , Jiang Chenwei , Chen Xingte , Chen Mingdong , Liu Libin , Shao Lingdong , Liu Xiaolong , Pan Jianji , Wu Jingcheng , Song Jibin , Wu Junxin , Zhang Da
Published: December 2023

Hypoxia‐associated radioresistance in rectal cancer (RC) has severely hampered the response to radioimmunotherapy (iRT), necessitating innovative strategies to enhance RC radiosensitivity and improve iRT efficacy. Here, a catalytic radiosensitizer, DMPtNPS, and a STING agonist, cGAMP, are integrated to overcome RC radioresistance and enhance iRT. DMPtNPS promotes efficient X‐ray energy transfer to generate reactive oxygen species, while alleviating hypoxia within tumors, thereby increasing radiosensitivity. Mechanistically, the transcriptomic and immunoassay analysis reveal that the combination of DMPtNPS and RT provokes bidirectional regulatory effects on the immune response, which may potentially reduce the antitumor efficacy. To mitigate this, cGAMP is loaded into DMPtNPS to reverse the negative impact of DMPtNPS and RT on the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) through the type I interferon‐dependent pathway, which promotes cancer immunotherapy. In a bilateral tumor model, the combination treatment of RT, DMPtNPS@cGAMP, and αPD‐1 demonstrates a durable complete response at the primary site and enhanced abscopal effect at the distant site. This study highlights the critical role of incorporating catalytic radiosensitizers and STING agonists into the iRT approach for RC.
Metavalent or Hypervalent Bonding: Is There a Chance for Reconciliation?
Authors: Wuttig Matthias , Schön Carl‐Friedrich , Kim Dasol , Golub Pavlo , Gatti Carlo , Raty Jean‐Yves , Kooi Bart J. , Pendás Ángel Martín , Arora Raagya , Waghmare Umesh
Published: December 2023

A family of solids including crystalline phase change materials such as GeTe and Sb2Te3, topological insulators like Bi2Se3, and halide perovskites such as CsPbI3 possesses an unconventional property portfolio that seems incompatible with ionic, metallic, or covalent bonding. Instead, evidence is found for a bonding mechanism characterized by half‐filled p‐bands and a competition between electron localization and delocalization. Different bonding concepts have recently been suggested based on quantum chemical bonding descriptors which either define the bonds in these solids as electron‐deficient (metavalent) or electron‐rich (hypervalent). This disagreement raises concerns about the accuracy of quantum–chemical bonding descriptors is showed. Here independent of the approach chosen, electron‐deficient bonds govern the materials mentioned above is showed. A detailed analysis of bonding in electron‐rich XeF2 and electron‐deficient GeTe shows that in both cases p‐electrons govern bonding, while s‐electrons only play a minor role. Yet, the properties of the electron‐deficient crystals are very different from molecular crystals of electron‐rich XeF2 or electron‐deficient B2H6. The unique properties of phase change materials and related solids can be attributed to an extended system of half‐filled bonds, providing further arguments as to why a distinct nomenclature such as metavalent bonding is adequate and appropriate for these solids.
Impact of Nitrogen Concentration and Post‐Deposition Annealing on Electrical Properties of AlON/Etched N‐GaN MOS Capacitors
Authors: Rocha Pedro Fernandes Paes Pinto , Zeghouane Mohammed , Boubenia Sarah , Bassani Franck , Vauche Laura , Martinez Eugénie , Vandendaele William , Veillerot Marc , Salem Bassem
Published: December 2023

Electrical and material properties of plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposited (PE‐ALD) AlON on dry‐etched n‐type GaN substrates are investigated for nitrogen concentration ranging from 1.5% to 7.1%. Firstly, an increase in flat‐band voltage (VFB) and its hysteresis with increasing nitrogen concentration is reported. The increase in VFB is associated with the nitrogen content whereas the increase in hysteresis to the presence of impurities (hydroxyl groups and carbon‐related impurities). Alongside the nitrogen concentration, the impact of different post‐deposition annealing (PDA) temperatures is studied (400–800 °C). Stable AlON layers and interfaces with etched GaN substrates are reported with slight gallium oxide growth or gallium diffusion towards the dielectric layer. Finally, with increasing PDA temperature, an increase in VFB and a significant reduction of both VFB hysteresis and interface state density (Dit) are observed, notably at the measuring temperature of 150 °C. These results present a promising pathway toward more reliable and stable normally‐OFF GaN‐based MOS‐channel high electron mobility transistors (MOSc‐HEMTs).
Enhanced Performance of Organic Field‐Effect Transistor with Bi‐Functional N‐Type Organic Semiconductor Layer
Authors: Yu Tianpeng , Hou Shuyi , Liu Zhenliang , Wang Yiru , Yin Jiang , Gao Xu , Liu Nannan , Yuan Guoliang , Wu Lei , Xia Yidong , Liu Zhiguo
Published: December 2023

Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) hold great promise for applications in non‐volatile memories, detectors, and artificial synapses due to the good flexibility and biocompatibility. However, certain drawbacks such as high operating voltages and significant degradation in endurance characteristics have hindered their practical implementations. Herein, a novel approach is proposed to enhance the performance of OFETs by incorporating a bi‐functional n‐type polymer semiconductor interlayer, Poly‐{[N,N'‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (N2200), into a pentacene OFET structure. The device exhibits remarkable improvements, with reliable P/E operation cycles of over than 104 and a retention time of more than 10 years. On one hand, the inclusion of N2200 as an n‐type semiconductor effectively reduces the height of hole‐injection barrier for trapping and thus reducing the working voltage based on the electrostatic induction theory. On the other hand, n‐type semiconductor N2200 serves as a native hole‐consumption (or hole‐trapping) dielectric, and its narrower bandgap restrains the formation of deep hole‐traps, thus favoring the endurance characteristics of the OFET.
Molecular Engineering on Kinetics‐Driven Self‐Assembled Monolayers Working as Auxiliary Layers on Dielectrics in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Li Mingliang , Cao Yingnan , Xie Kefeng , Tang Jinyao
Published: December 2023

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are a class of quasi‐2D materials adhesive to the substrate by chemisorption. Due to their transparency, diversity, stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and great potential in surface passivation, SAMs have been extensively investigated and applied in various functional devices, particularly in organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Among all the processing methods, kinetic‐driven spin‐coating is frequently used for the SAM preparation due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, the importance of SAM quality and its relationship to device performance has not been studied in detail, hindering the new SAM development and device optimization. In this study, SAMs prepared by kinetic‐driven spin‐coating are carefully investigated in terms of their surface morphology, density, and regularity, and proposed a correlation model between chemical structure and SAM quality. Additionally, the prepared SAMs are utilized as auxiliary layers on dielectrics and analyzed their effects on OFET properties. Through these investigations, a sequential relationship is established between chemical structure, SAM quality, and device performance, which can provide efficient feedback for system optimization.