bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Image Super-Resolution Method Based on Attention Mechanism
Authors: Li Da , Wang Yan , Liu Dong , Li Ruifang
Published: May 2020

Image super-resolution processing technology is used to reconstruct high-resolution images from low-resolution images. With the development of deep convolution neural network, image super-resolution processing methods based on deep learning have become the main technology. A novel image super-resolution processing method which is based on attention mechanism is proposed in this paper. The network framework consists of two modules: one is an improved position feature extraction network based on residual network and dense network, and another is a channel feature extraction based on channel attention mechanism. Meanwhile, this paper extracts features directly from low-resolution images, and then amplifies them to reduce the computational complexity. From the experimental results, we can find that the proposed method can enlarge the image better and increase the PSNR on Set5, Set14 and B100.
Real Time Detection Algorithm of Parking Slot Based on Deep Learning and Fisheye Image
Authors: Xu Congcong , Hu Xizhi
Published: May 2020

Parking slot detection is the basic part of environment perception in automatic parking system. How to detect parking slot accurately and effectively is a key problem that has not been solved in automatic parking system. In order to make up for the defects of parking slot detection based on ultrasonic radar and solve the problems of low recognition rate, sensitivity to environmental changes and weak generalization ability brought by vision-based parking slot detection method. In this paper, a method based on the deep convolution neural network is proposed to detect parking slot. The algorithm takes the fisheye image collected by the four-way fisheye camera mounted on the car body as the input and adopts the improved YoloV3 network structure to detect parking slot directly in the fisheye image. The experimental results show that the recall ratio of the method is 98.72% and the accuracy is 99.14% on the self-made parking data set. The algorithm has achieved good results in real vehicle vehicle environment and can achieve real-time detection.
A Literature Review: Intrusion Detection Systems in Internet of Things
Authors: Chauhan Anamika , Singh Rajyavardhan , Jain Pratyush
Published: May 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) is a new and surging technological advancement where in which the Internet is connected to various day-to-day physical objects belonging to various domains and making them “smart” like that of various machine dependent processes, manufacturing processes and healthcare. It is a system of interrelated computing devices, machines and people. Internet-connected IoT devices brings several benefits in our daily life but are susceptible to security issues. These vulnerabilities to IoT systems create security threats for any smart environment formed around the aforementioned concept. Thus, there is a need for intrusion detection systems (IDSs) which are designed specifically for IoT systems in order to combat these security related threats and create a secure network for the smart environment. IoT devices tend to have limited computing and storage capabilities. Hence, conventional IDSs might not be suitable for such networks. Due to the specifications and protocols of IoT devices, intrusion detection in IoT systems proves to be a challenging task. Thus, the field of intrusion detection systems in IoT systems is one that requires research and considerable effort to address the key security issues and security threats. A literature review is presented on the IDS in IoT topic, with emphasis on the present-day research, challenges and future directions.
DNN Based Camera and Lidar Fusion Framework for 3D Object Recognition
Authors: Zhang K , Wang S J , Ji L , Wang C
Published: May 2020

A 3-stages deep neural network (DNN) based camera and lidar fusion framework for 3D objects recognition is proposed in this paper. First, to leverage the high resolution of camera and 3D spatial information of Lidar, region proposal network (RPN) is trained to generate proposals from RGB image feature maps and bird-view (BV) feature maps, these proposals are then lifted into 3D proposals. Then, a segmentation network is used to extract object points directly from points inside these 3D proposals. At last, 3D object bounding box instances are extracted from the interested object points by an estimation network followed after a translation by a light-weight TNet, which is a special supervised spatial transformer network (STN). Experiment results show that this proposed 3d object recognition framework can produce considerable result as the other leading methods on KITTI 3D object detection datasets.
A Semantic Segmentation and Edge Detection Model Based on Edge Information Constraint Training
Authors: Wang Longlong , Liu Fuxiang , Xu Jingqing
Published: May 2020

The purpose of semantic segmentation is to classify the pixels within the target contour. Edge detection is another major basic vision task in machine vision. Today’s most effective semantic segmentation models and contour edge detection models are isolated networks. The edge of the output of the semantic segmentation model is coarse and cannot be directly used. And the output of the edge detection network cannot output the classification information of the pixels inside the contour. In view of the above shortcomings of the existing network, we propose a semantic segmentation model based on edge constraint optimization, so that the output of the semantic segmentation model has more delicate edge information, and the network directly outputs accurate contour edge graphs. The edge information output by the network can be directly used for tasks such as corner detection and center point detection. Experiments show that the mIOU statistics obtained by our model on the validation set of PASCAL VOC2012 can reach 83.9%. At the same time, more detailed edge details can be obtained. This algorithm has high engineering and theoretical research value.
Flsnet: Fast and Light Segmentation Network
Authors: Sun Qingwei , Chen Wei , Chao Jiangang , Zhang Hongbo
Published: May 2020

The use of deep learning for image segmentation has proven to be an efficient and accurate method, but with the complexity of the network structure, it takes up a lot of computing resources. The consumption of computing resources may be unacceptable during tasks. Aiming at this problem, a fast and light segmentation network (FLSNet) is proposed, which uses the Encoder-Decoder method to extract features. All convolutional layers use depthwise separable convolutions and the channel attention module is linked between Encoder and Decoder. Experiments are performed on the autonomous driving dataset CamVid. The results show that with a slight increase in segmentation accuracy, the model size becomes 8.65% of SegNet, the required computing resources are reduced by a dozen times, and the segmentation speed is increased by about 12%, which show that our network is efficient.
A Robust Monocular Depth Estimation Framework Based on Light-Weight ERF-Pspnet for Day-Night Driving Scenes
Authors: Zhou Keyang , Wang Kaiwei , Yang Kailun
Published: May 2020

With the development of deep learning, various fields of computer vision have made huge progress. Among them, depth estimation is an important part of scene perception, therefore receives much interest and is widely used in daily life with the assistance of GPUs. Besides, the ways to obtain depth maps have also been improved, from using multiple images to a single image to obtain depth, which is called monocular depth estimation task. In this paper, we design a convolutional neural network called ERF-PSPNet to perform the task. We prove that by using unsupervised training, monocular depth estimation’s result learned from large-scale dataset is close to the result of stereo matching. We also show that the monocular depth estimation model proposed in this paper can achieve a satisfying precision while maintaining a certain real-time frame rate for day-night driving scenes, which confirms the practical applicability of our design and result.
Multiple Photon Sampling Technique Based on Stochastic Progressive Photon Mapping
Authors: Yang Liyan , Kang Chunmeng
Published: May 2020

This paper introduces a multiple photon sampling technique based on stochastic progressive photon mapping. We use the image space concept to divide the scene into continuous sub-blocks and then we calculate our proposed distance function and photon number function in each of the sub-blocks. The distance function is used to calculate the distance error of the hit point and to determine whether each sub-block is located at a boundary between different objects. The photon number function is used to calculate the photon number error and to determine whether the photon distribution in each sub-block is uniform. Based on the values of the distance error and the photon number error, the multiple photon sampling technique is used to acquire multiple samples of the hit point in each sub-block. Instead of using a single radius for the radiance estimate, we use three different radii and compute the final radiance estimate as a weighted average of the three values. When compared with the existing stochastic progressive photon mapping method, our method provides a better solution to the photon distribution problem and can also reduce bias and noise, especially in the scene with drastic changes in light and dark.
Analysis and Modeling of UAV Near-ground Communication Channel
Authors: Hao-qi Bi , Xin Xiang , Na Li
Published: May 2020

UAV communication platform has become a reliable solution to meet the needs of users in some unexpected situations. In this paper, the statistical method of small area modeling is used to model the UAV near-ground communication channel. The channel is abstracted into three factors: time-delay power spectrum, Doppler power spectrum and Rice factor. As a result, a new method of channel delay generation is introduced, and the time-varying Doppler frequency gain factor is adopted. The simulation results show that the UAV near-ground communication channel is a Rice channel whose amplitude obeys Rayleigh distribution and phase obeys uniform distribution. The bit-error-rate of UAV near-ground communication channel is much higher than that of AWGN channel. At the same time, the constellation chart also shows that the signal passing through the UAV near-ground communication channel will cause strong inter-symbol crosstalk.
An Oscillation Energy Calculation Method Suitable for the Disturbance Source Location of Generator Control Systems
Authors: Guo Siyuan , Zhang Shoushou , Li Li , Song Junying , Zhao Yongsheng
Published: May 2020

Low frequency power oscillation threatens the secure and stable operation of power systems. Since the appearance of low frequency oscillation there are lots of approaches to analyze this problem. The oscillation source location method based on oscillation energy is adopted to find the cause of the oscillation, and to locate the oscillation source. Forced power oscillation is a kind of low frequency oscillation based on resonance mechanism, and the key is to quickly locate and remove the disturbance source. Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing disturbance source location methods, an oscillation energy calculation method suitable for the generator control systems level location is proposed. With the rich acquisition of generator data by means of phasor measurement unit (PMU), this method has the advantage of not relying on generator parameters. Taking the forced power oscillation caused by the abnormality of the governor system as an example, the superiority of the method is verified.
A possible approach to the identification of inertial parameters of large-sized space debris using a specialized nanosatellite
Authors: Lomaka I.A.
Published: May 2020

The paper substantiates the possibility of space debris parameters estimation using a specialized nanosatellite. It is proposed that the nanosatellite is deployed from the main spacecraft and then attached to the space debris object (the attachment method is not considered in the work) and, using on-board measuring instruments, determines dynamic and inertial characteristics, thereby fulfilling the role of a remote measuring instrument. This approach was called the contact method. Such approach has an advantage over non-contact ones, as it allows to get rid of the problems associated with the use of optical or infrared cameras, planning photographs. In addition, with the help of a nanosatellite, the problem of establishing a physical connection between a towing vehicle and space debris can also be solved. To show the solution of this problem, the second stage of the Cosmos 3M launch vehicle was used as an example
Testing of the sensing element of a capacitive micromechanical accelerometer
Authors: Styazhkina A.V. , Belogurov A.A. , Sharagina N.S. , Belyev Ya.V. , Moiseev N.V.
Published: May 2020

Sensing element is one of the main parts of a micromechanical accelerometer. It determines a lot of parameters of the whole device. Its design flow is a complex process including the steps from the analysis of technical and technological requirements to testing the manufactured devices. Testing is one of the most important steps because it allows not only getting the final characteristics of the chip, but also verifying and specifying the mathematical model of the sensing element for future designs. The paper presents the results of micromechanical accelerometer sensing element testing. Special attention is given to the steps of wafer-level testing and testing with an integrated circuit in the accelerometer.
State-feedback anisotropy-based robust control of linear systems with polytopic uncertainties
Authors: Belov A.A.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, linear discrete-time systems with polytopic uncertainties affected by random external disturbances are under consideration. The input disturbance is supposed to be a stochastic signal with known mean anisotropy, which stands for a spectral color of the signal. The anisotropic norm of the system indicates its stochastic gain from the input disturbance with the same mean anisotropy level to the output of the system. The problem is to find state-feedback control law that robustly stabilizes the uncertain system and guarantees desired performance index subject to input disturbance for all possible uncertainties. In order to solve this problem, Lyapunov functions technique and matrix inequalities approach are used to obtain the numerically effective procedure. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed conditions, a numerical example is considered.
Development of fast prototyping laser technique for production of surface acoustic wave gyroscopes
Authors: Kukaev A.S. , Safronov D. V.
Published: May 2020

Solid-state micromechanical gyroscopes based on surface acoustic waves (SAW) have good vibration and shock resistance because of absence of elastic suspensions, ability to work at 50 000 g loads, small dimensions, cheap in mass production, etc. Unfortunately, there are some limits for further development of such gyroscopes because it requires prototype production in small series. In this study we have investigated laser ablation method to solve this problem. Idea of this method is to evaporate unnecessary metallization from the piezoelectric crystal surface, e.g. to “draw” the electrode topology with a powerful laser beam. Main advantages of the method are as follows: possibility of fast and cheap sensors prototyping even with complicated topologies; reduction of the number of production process stages; possibility of topology correction (especially in case of transparent crystal housing); operation with thicker metal layers then traditional photolithography method, etc.
Salivary Protein Profiling of Head and Neck Cancer Patients at West Nusa Tenggara Province General Hospital: A preliminary study based on single dimension SDS-PAGE analysis
Authors: Kadriyan H , Yudhanto D , Sulaksana M A , Depamede S N
Published: May 2020

The initial aim of this study was to investigate the protein profiles found in the saliva of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients at the Regional General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Saliva samples were collected from 21 patients with head and neck cancer (confirmed from the results of anatomical and pathology examination). Mainly the types of HNC are sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers. As the control, saliva samples from 10 healthy individuals were used. Each subject thoroughly rinsed their mouth with a commercial mineral water and around 2-3  mL of un-stimulated saliva was collected in a 10 mL disposable plastic container with screw cap and immediately placed on ice. Sodium azide and protease inhibitors were added into the collected saliva and then transported to the laboratory within 1 hour of sample collection and centrifuged. The supernatant was taken; the protein concentration was measured, and then lyophilized. Protein profiles were analyzed using 1D-SDS-PAGE at 12.5% running gel. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. In this preliminary study protein bands with a molecular weight range of 35-63 kDa were observed in the saliva of HNC patients, which were not found in the saliva of healthy individuals. Whether the expression of the specific protein bands can be used as a non-invasive biomarker in patients with head and neck cancer; needs to be investigated further.
Design and Research of Intelligent Mobile Robot Based on IOT Information Fusion
Authors: Wang J J
Published: May 2020

Artificial intelligence-based intelligent robots are becoming more and more popular at present, and robot navigation is an instruction issued by the neural network of the robot. Therefore, a variety of sensors need to be distributed in the neural network of the robot to issue commands for the navigation of the robot., Plan the path, and perceive external information and adjust your position during the process. Therefore, the multi-sensor information fusion technology based on the Internet of Things is very important. It can provide a better information foundation for robot navigation, improve the robot navigation system and improve accuracy with the IOT information fusion technology.
Assessing effect of cotton and rice rotation on rotated cotton yield using observational data from remote sensing satellite
Authors: Sun L , Zhu Z S
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of rice rotated with cotton on the yield of rotated cotton with the vegetational data or observational data from remote sensing satellite. For such rotation and yield relationship, this observational study to the remote sensing image supplies the causal inference from the cotton sample data to the cotton population. These data should be collected as a random sample. The conclusion straight away is that the differences in the vegetation indices under rotation and continuous systems were associated with raising cotton yield. That is, the yield of the cotton rotated with rice is usually greater than the yield of the continuous cotton.
Improving the environmental performance of laminated wood products
Authors: Krivorotova A I , Usoltsev O A
Published: May 2020

Modification of the formaldehyde resins with an extracts of softwood bark makes it possible to reduce a free formaldehyde emission from laminated wood products, in particular plywood, to increase the strength in chipping and static bending of plywood, to reduce the cost price of adhesive composition.
Green plants in environmental monitoring of the environment of the large industrial city
Authors: Avdeeva E V , Poletaikin V F
Published: May 2020

The urgency of the problem is determined by the unfavorable ecological situation in the large industrial centers of Siberia, formed under the influence of man-made loads that determine the modification of the environment. This leads to changes in the properties of individual biotic components and, as a result, the quality of life of the population. An important element of the natural framework of urban ecosystems and a means to improve its urban planning qualities is the system of gardening. Currently, the existing methods of creating a system of greening the city of Krasnoyarsk and other cities of Siberia, the landscape-aesthetic principles of its formation, as well as the regulatory and technical design base do not provide the comfort of the urban environment. The basis for the development of directions and principles for the reconstruction of the greening system should be the results of environmental studies of landscape processes, the identification of the main sources of environmental stress, the study of the integrated impact of man-made stressors.
Post-fire succession in scots pine forests of southern taiga central Siberia
Authors: Ivanov V A , Ivanova G A , Kovaleva N M
Published: May 2020

Fire is one of the main disturbance factors in the boreal forests of Russia. Forests dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are widespread in Central Siberia, with large areas burned annually. We studied post fire succession of ground vegetation following experimental fires of various intensities on typical Scots pine forest sites. The greatest changes in ground vegetation and biomass of these pine forests were after fires of high intensity. After fires of low intensity ecosystem components recovered rather quickly to pre-fire composition. These results are important for determining the effects of fire behavior and intensity on rates and patterns of post-fire vegetation recovery in southern taiga Scots pine forests of Siberia.
Simulation of forest ecosystems dynamic processes message
Authors: Ushanov S V , Shevelev S L , Kulakova N N , Vais A A , Nemitch V N
Published: May 2020

Dynamic characteristics of changes in the diameter of larch forests in the Lower Angara region are being analyzed. Larch stands of the herbal group of fox types is the object of the present research. This research is based on the data of field inventory 858 forest areas with larch predominance. The structure of the forest average diameter is approximated by the exponential function, statistical analysis of which has been carried out using a non-linear least-squares method and simulation methods by conducting 50000 statistical tests. Regularities of error distribution, parameters and calculation accuracy of approximating function have been defined. Estimations of parameter correlations approximating function have been suggested. Holetsky’s method helped to receive two dimensional parameter generator. The defined regularities of the dynamics of average diameters allow to design economic activities in forest stands of larch herbal groups types in the region under study.
Conditions for residents attracting of the priority territories social and economic development of closed administrative and territorial unions of the Rosatom State Corporation
Authors: Avramchikova N T , Puchkin M B , Chuvashova M N
Published: May 2020

The paper considers a special legal regime for conducting business and other activities in the field of taxation in order to attract residents of territories of priority socio-economic development (TPSED) of closed administrative-territorial unions (CATU) of the Rosatom State Corporation. This contributes to the accelerated development of the economy and improvement of the quality of life. The authors describe a brief feature of TPSED in terms of the interests of their potential resident and identify promising technical areas for attracting innovative small and medium companies as residents of TPSED of Rosatom State Corporation, which includes using the approaches of the circular economy in the implementation of innovative projects. The conditions that must be corresponded by representatives of small and medium businesses to obtain the status of a TPSED resident of Rosatom State Corporation. The existing criteria for the selection of residents in the TPSED of Rosatom State Corporation were considered. In addition, proposals to strengthen the motivation to attract representatives of small businesses and individual entrepreneurs as residents of TPSED are given.
Influence of Graft and Stock on the Stability of Grafted Pinus Sibirica Trees
Authors: Scherba Iu E , Matveeva R N , Butorova O F , Bratilova N P , Martynov V S
Published: May 2020

The growth characteristics of a 30-year-old Pinus sibirica grafted with cuttings from plus trees and a 36-year-old one of different geographical origin on the rootstock of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica, the results of their studying are presented in the article. The analysis of accretion of grafted components depending on the type, age of the rootstock was done. It has been established that 36-year-old grafted trees using cuttings of Pinus Sibirica of different geographical origin (Altai, Biryusa, Sverdlovsk, Khanty-Mansi) on the Pinus sylvestris tree differ in the growth of scion with rootstock. Ramets with good accretion (without exceeding the diameter of the stem of the scion over the stock) with maximum incompatibility (13.1 cm) were selected. The growth of 30-year-old grafted trees depends on the genotype of plus trees. The most intensive growth of ramet is noted at clone 91/55 in comparison with 100/64 and 94/58. The grafted trees of one clone (91/55) on the Pinus sylvestris had an average graft stem excess of 6.2 cm; there is practically no excess on the Pinus sibirica stock. It is recommended to use the selected specimens without sagging in the places of accretion of grafted components as uterine trees for their further reproduction and the creation of target plantations for the accelerated cultivation and use of industrial wood from Pinus sibirica.
The Cayley graphs of a centralizer of the Burnside group B
0(2,5)
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander A , Kuznetsova Alexandra S , Kishkan Vladimir V
Published: May 2020

Let B
0(2, 5) = 〈a
1, a
2〉 be the largest two-generator Burnside group of exponent five. It has the order 534. We define an automorphism φ under which every generator is mapped into another generator. Let C

B
0(2,5)(φ) be the centralizer of φ in B
0(2, 5). It is known that |C

B
0(2,5)(φ)| = 517. We calculated the growth function of this group relative to the minimal generating set and also the symmetric generating set. As the results, the diameters and the average diameters of C

B
0(2,5)(φ) were computed.
Tribocorrosion behaviors of TiSiCN nanocomposite coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering
Authors: Wang Haoqi , Ou Yixiang , Zhang Xu , Liao Bin , Ou Xuedong , Luo Jun , Pang Pan , Chen Lin , Hua Qingsong , Bao Manyu
Published: May 2020

High-performance coatings originated in ingenious coating designs and advanced preparation techniques are expected to fulfill imperious demands in propulsion, bearings and mechanical seals, etc in marine systems for seawater lubrication. In this work, TiSiCN nanocomposite coatings were deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering at a power of 4–8 kW. As power is increased, TiSiCN coatings possess nanocrystalline (TiN, TiC, TiCN)/amorphous (Si3N4, SiC, sp2-C) nanocomposite structure without distinctly preferred orientation. The highest hardness (H) of 43 GPa and effective Young’s modulus (E*) of 360 GPa were achieved at 8 kW, while the highest H/E* of 0.123 and H3/E*2 of 0.61 appear at 7 kW due to refined nano-grains, uniform distribution, high surface/interface integrity and fully dense microstructure. Rockwell C adhesion level increased from HF2 at 4 kW to HF1 at 8 kW. TiSiCN coatings with high H, H/E*, H3/E*2 and adhesion exhibit high open circuit potential of −0.07 V, low friction coefficient of 0.25 and specific wear rate of 4.78 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1, resulting from mild abrasive wear without the occurrence of pitting corrosion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. Moreover, cycling tribocorrosion tests revealed that passive films possess strong abilities of regeneration and self-repairation on sliding contact surface.
Phase stability and mechanical response of tantalum nitrides to electronic excitation effect
Authors: Yan Gai-Qin , Cheng Xin-Lu , Zhang Hong
Published: May 2020

Based on an analysis ofelectronic structures and phonon spectra calculationsas a function of electronic temperature Teusing the density functional theory, we investigated the phase stability and mechanical responseto electronic excitation effect on variousphases of tantalum nitrides TaNxwith fully or partially occupied nitrogen sublattices. The results suggest that the cubic phase exhibits lattice instability at room temperature, while the hexagonal phases are dynamically stable. The phase stability increases in the sequence TaN (δ-type), TaN0.43, TaN0.5, TaN (AsNi type), TaN0.83, TaN (θ-type), and TaN (ε-type). The nonmetal vacancies exhibit enhanced latticestability with hexagonal phasescompared to the cubicphase. The electronic excitation effect providedextra stability for cubicδ-TaNwith the increase inelectronic temperature, whilethe excitation results in a lower degree of stability for hexagonal phases.The physical origin of electronic excitation effects on both the cubic and hexagonal phase stability of TaN can be attributed to the peculiarities of their electronicdensities of states near the Fermi level and a combination of three different types of bonding characteristics.The counterintuitivebehavior oflattice stabilities appears or disappears as a response to mechanical properties under electronic excitation.
Microstructure and corrosion behaviors of AZ31 alloy with an amorphous-crystallin nano-composite film
Authors: Xu Fumin , Luo Lan , Liu Yong , Wan Jun , Xu Guixing
Published: May 2020

Magnesium (Mg) alloy has drawn considerable attention for lightweight structural and functional materials, whereas its corrosion resistance still requires to be enhanced. A new strategy for corrosion resistance has been proposed as making an amorphous-crystalline nano-composite film on Mg alloys. The film as the composition as Al2O3/GaN with a thickness of 20 nm was prepared on AZ31 Mg alloy by atomic layer deposition. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nano indentation tester have been used to characterize the film in details. It is verified the sample has an amorphous/crystalline/Mg interface structure, and a surface with homogeneous elemental distribution and higher hardness. Neutral salt spray test shows the film changes the corroded mode from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion. Furthermore, electrochemical measurements indicate that the film would raise Ecorr (ΔEcorr = +0.295 V), drop icorr (about 1/10 times), and make electrical equivalent circuits change from Rs (CPE Rct (RL L)) to Rs (CRf) (CPE Rct (RL L)). All evaluations show that better corrosion resistance has been by inducing the amorphous-crystalline nano film. The amorphous layer in the film would make a more homogeneous Cl− distribution in the surface and act as a barrier to block the penetration of corrosion medium in the early stage. During corrosion, the interface between the layers in the film could retard the corrosion crack propagating further. The film would be favorate to form a denser corrosion product layer finally. A more uniform and lower corrosion occurs for AZ31 Mg alloy with this nano-composite film.
Noradrenaline Release from Locus Coeruleus Terminals in the Hippocampus Enhances Excitation-Spike Coupling in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Via β-Adrenoceptors
Authors: Bacon Travis J , Pickering Anthony E , Mellor Jack R
Published: May 2020

Release of the neuromodulator noradrenaline signals salience during wakefulness, flagging novel or important experiences to reconfigure information processing and memory representations in the hippocampus. Noradrenaline is therefore expected to enhance hippocampal responses to synaptic input; however, noradrenergic agonists have been found to have mixed and sometimes contradictory effects on Schaffer collateral synapses and the resulting CA1 output. Here, we examine the effects of endogenous, optogenetically driven noradrenaline release on synaptic transmission and spike output in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. We show that endogenous noradrenaline release enhances the probability of CA1 pyramidal neuron spiking without altering feedforward excitatory or inhibitory synaptic inputs in the Schaffer collateral pathway. β-adrenoceptors mediate this enhancement of excitation-spike coupling by reducing the charge required to initiate action potentials, consistent with noradrenergic modulation of voltage-gated potassium channels. Furthermore, we find the likely effective concentration of endogenously released noradrenaline is sub-micromolar. Surprisingly, although comparable concentrations of exogenous noradrenaline cause robust depression of slow afterhyperpolarization currents, endogenous release of noradrenaline does not, indicating that endogenous noradrenaline release is targeted to specific cellular locations. These findings provide a mechanism by which targeted endogenous release of noradrenaline can enhance information transfer in the hippocampus in response to salient events.
Connections of the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex and Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Authors: Heather Hsu Chih-Chin , Rolls Edmund T , Huang Chu-Chung , Chong Shin Tai , Zac Lo Chun-Yi , Feng Jianfeng , Lin Ching-Po
Published: May 2020

The direct connections of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were traced with diffusion tractography imaging and statistical analysis in 50 humans, to help understand better its roles in emotion and its disorders. The medial OFC and ventromedial prefrontal cortex have direct connections with the pregenual and subgenual parts of the anterior cingulate cortex; all of which are reward-related areas. The lateral OFC (OFClat) and its closely connected right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) have direct connections with the supracallosal anterior cingulate cortex; all of which are punishment or nonreward-related areas. The OFClat and rIFG also have direct connections with the right supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal cortex, and with some premotor cortical areas, which may provide outputs for the OFClat and rIFG. Another key finding is that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex shares with the medial OFC especially strong outputs to the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, which comprise the ventral striatum, whereas the other regions have more widespread outputs to the striatum. Direct connections of the OFC and IFG were with especially the temporal pole part of the temporal lobe. The left IFG, which includes Broca’s area, has direct connections with the left angular and supramarginal gyri.
Advancing complexity-informed health promotion: a scoping review to link health promotion and co-creation
Authors: Heimburg Dina von , Cluley Victoria
Published: May 2020

A complexity-informed approach has recently been proposed as a hopeful revolution for health promotion (HP), requesting appropriate ways of tackling the complexities of health, equity and well-being. In addition, co-creation has gained traction as an approach to tackle complexity. HP and co-creation are established concepts that have long been enacted in practice. Although each concept is premised on similar approaches to value-creation such as participation and collaboration, little has been done to link the two approaches. To advance complexity-informed HP, this scoping review presents findings from peer-reviewed articles, published in English, between 2009 and March 2020. Articles were identified through searches of academic databases. Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria, explicitly linking HP and co-creation. Included articles were charted by descriptive information and main focus, and advanced by a thematic analysis. Four themes suggest a potential avenue for advancing complexity-informed HP: (i) dealing with complexity, (ii) value creation, (iii) the value of the values and (iv) benefits and challenges. While current links between HP and co-creation are scarce they are increasing and promising. Based on the findings from the review, propositions to advance complexity-informed HP is outlined and discussed. Overall it is argued that co-creation and HP are mutually beneficial concepts, providing a framework for participative, collaborative, context-sensitive and knowledge-based practice that reflects the complex nature of health. More research is needed to highlight potential and challenges of integrating co-creation in HP, especially related to health equity and sustainable development.
Temporal Correlation Between Neurological and Gastrointestinal Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bostancıklıoğlu Mehmet
Published: May 2020

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SAR-CoV-2) has been shown to invade brain tissue. Based on the evolutionary similarity with SARS-CoV, researchers propose that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the olfactory bulb and gastrointestinal (GI) system through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. However, how SARS-CoV-2 causes neurological or GI symptoms is not clear. Many suggested intestinal and neural inflammations, caused by viral invasion, as the most likely reason for the GI and neurological symptoms; however, the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) without neurological or GI symptoms indicate that this is not the case. The gut-brain axis could explain the reason for why some with COVID-19 do not have these symptoms. COVID-19 patients mostly show respiratory distress first, then diarrhea, anorexia, stroke, or loss of consciousness comes into view. Obviously, GI invasion is a mechanical process that begins with oral invasion and, therefore, most probably exists before the brain invasion, as indicated in case reports. However, when the GI tract is invaded, the virus may enter the central nervous system through vascular and lymphatic systems or the vagal nerve. SARS-CoV-2 can infect leukocytes and migrate with them into the brain, or the viral particles can be directly transported across the blood-brain barrier to the brain. Also, more recent research has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the peripheral lymphatic vessels connecting with the glymphatic system of the brain. The temporal correlation between neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms suggests the lymph vessels around the GI tract, the vascular system, or the gut-brain axis (enteric nervous system) as the most likely entry route for SARS-CoV-2 to the brain.
Clinical outcomes of baloxavir versus oseltamivir in patients hospitalized with influenza A
Authors: Shah Sunish , McManus Dayna , Bejou Nika , Tirmizi Samad , Rouse Ginger E , Lemieux Steven M , Gritsenko Diana , Topal Jeffrey E
Published: May 2020

Objectives

To date, clinical trials evaluating baloxavir have excluded patients hospitalized with influenza infection and therefore this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of baloxavir in inpatients with influenza A.

Methods

This study was a multicentre, retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to the hospital within the Yale New Haven Health System who received oseltamivir or baloxavir for the treatment of influenza A. Patients were screened for inclusion between January 2018 and April 2018 in the oseltamivir group, while patients in the baloxavir group were screened for inclusion between January 2019 and April 2019. Influenza A diagnosis was confirmed by RT–PCR using a nasopharyngeal swab specimen.

Results

Of the 2392 patients assessed, 790 met the inclusion criteria. There were 359 patients who received baloxavir and 431 patients who received oseltamivir. Patients who received baloxavir were younger compared with those who received oseltamivir [median = 69 (IQR = 57–81) years versus 77 (IQR = 62–86) years; P < 0.001]. Patients who received baloxavir had no significant difference in hospital length of stay [median = 4 (IQR = 3–6) days versus 5 (IQR = 3–6)  days; P = 0.45] or 30 day all-cause mortality [12 (3.3%) versus 26 (6%); P = 0.079] compared with those who received oseltamivir. However, patients who received baloxavir had a significantly faster time to hypoxia resolution [median = 51.7 (IQR = 25.3–89.3) h versus 72 (IQR = 37.5–123) h; P < 0.001].

Conclusions

The results of this study support the use of baloxavir for the treatment of influenza A in hospitalized patients with the potential benefit of a faster time to resolution of hypoxia.
Mothers’ Adjustment to Autism: Exploring the Roles of Autism Knowledge and Culture
Authors: Gordillo Monica L , Chu Andrea , Long Kristin
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) service-use disparities are well-documented among racial/ethnic minorities. Yet the nuanced impact that culture has on barriers to ASD service-use has not been sufficiently explored among these populations. This study explores the interrelatedness of culture and service-use barriers (i.e., parent ASD knowledge and adjustment) among culturally diverse mothers of children with ASD.

Methods

Twenty mothers from the Boston area participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews regarding their experiences with ASD. Applied thematic analysis was used to analyze data stratified by ethnicity (Latina vs. non-Latina) and nativity (immigrant vs. U.S. born).

Results

All mothers had similar gains in ASD knowledge after their children’s ASD diagnoses. Non-Latina mothers (immigrant and U.S. born) felt empowered by their gained ASD knowledge, while Latina mothers struggled to fully accept their child’s diagnosis and were unable to apply their general ASD knowledge to better understand their child’s ASD-related needs. Culturally based stigma against ASD, including rejection from the Latino community and internalized self-blame, appeared to drive Latina mothers’ beliefs that ASD is an invalid diagnosis for their child.

Conclusion

Latina mothers’ desire for community acceptance in the context of ASD stigma was a particularly salient cultural value among Latina mothers in this sample. Findings suggest that parent-focused ASD education programs may not sufficiently address ASD service-use disparities for Latina mothers. Rather, ASD education programs that address informational and cultural needs may better promote ASD adjustment among ethnic minority families.
Black ascitic fluid in a patient with history of alcohol abuse: report of an unusual case and literature review
Authors: Alanís Naranjo José Martín , de Lourdes Alanís Naranjo María
Published: May 2020

The differential diagnosis for black ascites include pancreatic ascites (PA). In majority of cases described the ascitic fluid as amber or black-colored. We report the case of a 33-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse who presented with 24 h of epigastric pain and abdominal distension. Laboratory results showed lipase of 1270 U/l, amylase of 442 U/l and albumin of 2 g/dl. A contrast computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed pancreatic necrosis with atrophy and free abdominal fluid. Paracentesis was performed, yielding opaque black ascitic fluid. An ascitic fluid analysis demonstrated amylase of 2769 U/l, albumin of 1.6 g/dl, was negative for malignant cells and tuberculosis. Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient was resulted in 0.4. The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis was suspected, and he received supportive care with pain medication and bowel rest. He was discharged with symptom free on Day 14 after admission.
The Prospective (Ir)Relevance of Section 3 of the Human Rights Act: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Coxon Benedict
Published: May 2020

This article suggests that the power conferred on United Kingdom courts by section 3(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 (UKHRA) is legitimate as a matter of the interpretation of that provision. It sets out a contextual approach to the interpretation of section 3(1) consistent with general principles of statutory interpretation. This differs from most analyses of this provision, whether comparative or jurisdiction-specific, which tend to use constitutional theory as the framework for analysis. The article adopts a comparative perspective, applying the same approach to section 6 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (NZBORA). It concludes that the approach of New Zealand courts to section 6 is also correct as a matter of the interpretation of that provision. The different approaches of United Kingdom and New Zealand courts to these equivalent provisions is explained by a number of important differences between the UKHRA and NZBORA; including especially the context in which each statute falls to be interpreted. Some implications of this analysis for the development of the principle of legality in the United Kingdom in the event of repeal of section 3(1) of the UKHRA are briefly identified.
Effect of Phosphorylated Tau on Cortical Pyramidal Neuron Morphology during Hibernation
Authors: Regalado-Reyes Mamen , Benavides-Piccione Ruth , Fernaud-Espinosa Isabel , DeFelipe Javier , León-Espinosa Gonzalo
Published: May 2020

The dendritic spines of pyramidal cells are the main postsynaptic target of excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Morphological alterations have been described in hippocampal dendritic spines during hibernation—a state of inactivity and metabolic depression that occurs via a transient neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation. Here, we have used the hibernating Syrian hamster to investigate the effect of hyperphosphorylated tau regarding neocortical neuronal structure. In particular, we examined layer Va pyramidal neurons. Our results indicate that hibernation does not promote significant changes in dendritic spine density. However, tau hyperphosphorylated neurons show a decrease in complexity, an increase in the tortuosity of the apical dendrites, and an increase in the diameter of the basal dendrites. Tau protein hyperphosphorylation and aggregation have been associated with loss or alterations of dendritic spines in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our results may shed light on the correlation between tau hyperphosphorylation and the neuropathological processes in AD. Moreover, we observed changes in the length and area of the apical and basal dendritic spines during hibernation regardless of tau hyperphosphorylation. The morphological changes observed here also suggest region specificity, opening up debate about a possible relationship with the differential brain activity registered in these regions in previous studies.
Case report: recurrence of Plasmodium vivax malaria due to defective cytochrome P450 2D6 function in Pos Lenjang, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Mat Salleh Noor Hafizan , Rahman Mohd Faizal Abdul , Samsusah Samsiah , De Silva Jeremy Ryan , Ng David Chun-Ern , Ghozali Azilawati Hanim , Tan Jia Hui , Lai Meng Yee , Amir Amirah , Liew Jonathan Wee Kent , Lau Yee Ling
Published: May 2020

Five children in Pos Lenjang, Pahang, Malaysia were PCR-positive for vivax malaria and were admitted to the hospital from 5 to 26 July 2019. One of the patients experienced three episodes of recurrence of vivax malaria. Microsatellite analysis showed that reinfection is unlikely. Drug resistance analysis indicated that Riamet (artemether–lumefantrine) is effective. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) testing showed that this patient has defective CYP2D6 function. Primaquine failure to clear the Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites may be the cause of recurring infections in this patient. This report highlights the need for the development of liver-stage curative antimalarials that do not require metabolism by the CYP2D6 enzyme.