bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clarifying the Scope of Conceptual Transfer
Authors: Jarvis Scott
Published: November 2015

This article clarifies the purposes of research on conceptual transfer by defining it as cross‐linguistic influence in the expression and interpretation of conceptual meaning and by discussing what conceptual meaning entails and how conceptual meaning and conceptual transfer relate to the pursuits of linguistic relativity research, on the one hand, and traditional research on cross‐linguistic influence on the other. I focus on three general questions that span the scope of conceptual transfer research, and I discuss the types of empirical evidence they call for. I also explore a case of meaning‐related transfer whose specific causes have not yet been identified, and I describe how a combination of types of evidence can be used to determine whether learners from different language backgrounds rely on different conceptual considerations when deciding how to refer to a particular spatial relationship. The article concludes with a summary of the purposes and importance of this line of inquiry.
Residual and ovicidal efficacy of essential oil‐based formulations in vitro against the donkey chewing louse Bovicola ocellatus
Authors: SANDS B. , ELLSE L. , WALL R.
Published: November 2015

Essential oils have shown good experimental potential as novel veterinary ectoparasiticides. However, if they are to be used as veterinary products, they must be available in formulations that are suitable for practical application against specific ectoparasites. Here, the efficacies of formulations containing 5% (v/v) lavender or tea tree oil, in combination with two emulsifiers [a surfactant, 5% (w/v) N‐lauroylsarcosine sodium salt (SLS), and a soluble polymer, 5% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)], with or without 10% coconut oil, were tested in contact bioassays against the donkey chewing louse Bovicola ocellatus (Piaget) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae). Residual activity was quantified in open and closed containers; ovicidal efficacy was also examined. Exposure to either of 5% (v/v) lavender or tea tree oils with SLS or PVP resulted in louse mortality of 100%, but when coconut oil was included as an excipient, significantly lower efficacy was recorded. However, the formulations became significantly less effective after 2 h in open containers and 40 h in closed containers. The results confirm that the residual activity of essential oils is relatively transitory and the addition of 10% coconut oil does not prolong the period of insecticidal activity by slowing essential oil evaporation. Too short a period of residual activity is likely to be a significant impediment to the effective practical use of essential oils. However, unlike many synthetic pediculicides, the essential oils tested here were highly ovicidal, which suggests that prolonged residual activity may not be essential to kill newly hatched nymphs after treatment.
The syntaxin protein (MoSyn8) mediates intracellular trafficking to regulate conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of rice blast fungus
Authors: Qi Zhongqiang , Liu Muxing , Dong Yanhan , Zhu Qian , Li Lianwei , Li Bing , Yang Jie , Li Ying , Ru Yanyan , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhengguang
Published: November 2015

Soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate cellular membrane fusion and intracellular vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells, and are critical in the growth and development of pathogenic fungi such as Magnaporthe oryzae which causes rice blast. Rice blast is thought to involve distinct SNARE‐mediated transport and secretion of fungal effector proteins into the host to modulate rice immunity.

We have previously characterized two SNARE proteins, secretory protein (MoSec22) and vesicle‐associated membrane protein (MoVam7), as being important in cellular transport and pathogenicity. Here, we show that syntaxin 8 (MoSyn8), a Qc‐SNARE protein homolog, also plays important roles in growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity.

The MoSYN8 deletion mutant (∆Mosyn8) mutant exhibits defects in endocytosis and F‐actin organization, appressorium turgor pressure generation, and host penetration. In addition, the ∆Mosyn8 mutant cannot elaborate biotrophic invasion of the susceptible rice host, or secrete avirulence factors Avr‐Pia (corresponding to the rice resistance gene Pia) and Avrpiz‐t (the cognate Avr gene for the resistance gene Piz‐t) proteins.

Our study of MoSyn8 advances our understanding of SNARE proteins in effector secretion which underlies the normal physiology and pathogenicity of M. oryzae, and it sheds new light on the mechanism of the blight disease caused by M. oryzae.
EVIDENCE OF AN ‘END OF HISTORY ILLUSION’ IN THE WORK MOTIVATIONS OF PUBLIC SERVICE PROFESSIONALS
Authors: VAN RYZIN GREGG G.
Published: November 2015

The ‘end of history illusion’ refers to the tendency of people to underestimate change in their future values and preferences. Could this cognitive bias apply to the work motivations of those in public service? To examine this question, a sample of public service professionals was asked about their current work motivations and then randomized to be ‘reporters’, who recalled their work motivations 10 years ago, and ‘predictors’, who forecast their work motivations 10 years from now. Predictors expected much less change in their work motivations over time than reporters actually experienced. Specifically, predictors underestimated the importance of helping others and of working independently, and they overestimated the importance of income. Thus, public service professionals, who are often assumed to have unique prosocial motivations, seem to be subject to an ‘end of history illusion’ when making decisions about what job characteristics will matter to them over the course of their careers.
Evolutionary implications of C3–C4 intermediates in the grass Alloteropsis semialata
Authors: Lundgren Marjorie R. , Christin Pascal‐Antoine , Escobar Emmanuel Gonzalez , Ripley Brad S. , Besnard Guillaume , Long Christine M. , Hattersley Paul W. , Ellis Roger P. , Leegood Richard C. , Osborne Colin P.
Published: November 2015

C4 photosynthesis is a complex trait resulting from a series of anatomical and biochemical modifications to the ancestral C3 pathway. It is thought to evolve in a stepwise manner, creating intermediates with different combinations of C4‐like components. Determining the adaptive value of these components is key to understanding how C4 photosynthesis can gradually assemble through natural selection. Here, we decompose the photosynthetic phenotypes of numerous individuals of the grass Alloteropsis semialata, the only species known to include both C3 and C4 genotypes. Analyses of δ13C, physiology and leaf anatomy demonstrate for the first time the existence of physiological C3–C4 intermediate individuals in the species. Based on previous phylogenetic analyses, the C3–C4 individuals are not hybrids between the C3 and C4 genotypes analysed, but instead belong to a distinct genetic lineage, and might have given rise to C4 descendants. C3 A. semialata, present in colder climates, likely represents a reversal from a C3–C4 intermediate state, indicating that, unlike C4 photosynthesis, evolution of the C3–C4 phenotype is not irreversible.
The nitrogen–potassium intersection: membranes, metabolism, and mechanism
Authors: Coskun Devrim , Britto Dev T. , Kronzucker Herbert J.
Published: November 2015

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are the two most abundantly acquired mineral elements by plants, and their acquisition pathways interact in complex ways. Here, we review pivotal interactions with respect to root acquisition, storage, translocation and metabolism, between the K+ion and the two major N sources, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3‐). The intersections between N and K physiology are explored at a number of organizational levels, from molecular‐genetic processes, to compartmentation, to whole plant physiology, and discussed in the context of both N‐K cooperation and antagonism. Nutritional regulation and optimization of plant growth, yield, metabolism and water‐use efficiency are also discussed.
The presence of nodules on legume root systems can alter phenotypic plasticity in response to internal nitrogen independent of nitrogen fixation
Authors: Goh Chooi‐Hua , Nicotra Adrienne B. , Mathesius Ulrike
Published: November 2015

All higher plants show developmental plasticity in response to the availability of nitrogen (N) in the soil. In legumes, N starvation causes the formation of root nodules, where symbiotic rhizobacteria fix atmospheric N2 for the host in exchange for fixed carbon (C) from the shoot. Here, we tested whether plastic responses to internal [N] of legumes are altered by their symbionts. Glasshouse experiments compared root phenotypes of three legumes, Medicago truncatula, Medicago sativa and Trifolium subterraneum, inoculated with their compatible symbiont partners and grown under four nitrate levels. In addition, six strains of rhizobia, differing in their ability to fix N2 in M. truncatula, were compared to test if plastic responses to internal [N] were dependent on the rhizobia or N2‐fixing capability of the nodules. We found that the presence of rhizobia affected phenotypic plasticity of the legumes to internal [N], particularly in root length and root mass ratio (RMR), in a plant species‐dependent way. While root length responses of M. truncatula to internal [N] were dependent on the ability of rhizobial symbionts to fix N2, RMR response to internal [N] was dependent only on initiation of nodules, irrespective of N2‐fixing ability of the rhizobia strains.
Plants in silico: why, why now and what?—an integrative platform for plant systems biology research
Authors: Zhu Xin‐Guang , Lynch Jonathan P. , LeBauer David S. , Millar Andrew J. , Stitt Mark , Long Stephen P.
Published: November 2015

A paradigm shift is needed and timely in moving plant modelling from largely isolated efforts to a connected community endeavour that can take full advantage of advances in computer science and in mechanistic understanding of plant processes. Plants in silico (Psi) envisions a digital representation of layered dynamic modules, linking from gene networks and metabolic pathways through to cellular organization, tissue, organ and whole plant development, together with resource capture and use efficiency in dynamic competitive environments, ultimately allowing a mechanistically rich simulation of the plant or of a community of plants in silico. The concept is to integrate models or modules from different layers of organization spanning from genome to phenome to ecosystem in a modular framework allowing the use of modules of varying mechanistic detail representing the same biological process. Developments in high‐performance computing, functional knowledge of plants, the internet and open‐source version controlled software make achieving the concept realistic. Open source will enhance collaboration and move towards testing and consensus on quantitative theoretical frameworks. Importantly, Psi provides a quantitative knowledge framework where the implications of a discovery at one level, for example, single gene function or developmental response, can be examined at the whole plant or even crop and natural ecosystem levels.
On‐Shelf Availability, Retail Performance, and External Audits: A Field Experiment
Authors: Chuang Howard Hao‐Chun , Oliva Rogelio , Liu Sheng
Published: November 2015

A potential answer to retailer's shelf out‐of‐stocks (OOS), where the item is in the store but customers cannot find it, is to employ third‐party service providers to execute audits and corrections. However, given the nontrivial cost of executing external audits, it is still necessary to assess whether external audits are capable of reducing shelf‐OOS, whether they can be performed in an economical way, and whether the benefits from the audits translate into higher sales. In an effort to address these questions, we partnered with a product manufacturer and a retail service provider and conducted a field experiment in a national retailer's store set. We used transactional data to detect abnormal operations and respond to possible shelf‐OOS by sending auditors to correct empty shelves and incorrect inventory records. At the conclusion of the experiment, we found that Stock Keeping Units in the treatment group were less likely to have shelf‐OOS and inventory record inaccuracies, and that our intervention had a positive effect on sales. Furthermore, we found that the external audit initiative is economically viable since these improvements required low auditing efforts after a transitional period, and in steady state the cost of running the program is a small fraction of the benefits it generates. We discuss the limitations of our study and the implications of our findings for researchers and practitioners.
Effect of working memory load on electrophysiological markers of visuospatial orienting in a spatial cueing task simulating a traffic situation
Authors: Vossen Alexandra Y. , Ross Veerle , Jongen Ellen M. M. , Ruiter Robert A. C. , Smulders Fren T. Y.
Published: November 2015

Visuospatial attentional orienting has typically been studied in abstract tasks with low ecological validity. However, real‐life tasks such as driving require allocation of working memory (WM) resources to several subtasks over and above orienting in a complex sensory environment. The aims of this study were twofold: firstly, to establish whether electrophysiological signatures of attentional orienting commonly observed under simplified task conditions generalize to a more naturalistic task situation with realistic‐looking stimuli, and, secondly, to assess how these signatures are affected by increased WM load under such conditions. Sixteen healthy participants performed a dual task consisting of a spatial cueing paradigm and a concurrent verbal memory task that simulated aspects of an actual traffic situation. Behaviorally, we observed a load‐induced detriment of sensitivity to targets. In the EEG, we replicated orienting‐related alpha lateralization, the lateralized ERPs ADAN, EDAN, and LDAP, and the P1‐N1 attention effect. When WM load was high (i.e., WM resources were reduced), lateralization of oscillatory activity in the lower alpha band was delayed. In the ERPs, we found that ADAN was also delayed, while EDAN was absent. Later ERP correlates were unaffected by load. Our results show that the findings in highly controlled artificial tasks can be generalized to spatial orienting in ecologically more valid tasks, and further suggest that the initiation of spatial orienting is delayed when WM demands of an unrelated secondary task are high.
Forest reclamation of fly ash deposit: a field study on appraisal of mycorrhizal inoculation
Authors: Sýkorová Zuzana , Rydlová Jana , Slavíková Renata , Ness Tara , Kohout Petr , Püschel David
Published: November 2015

An extensive field trial was established on a fly ash deposit (1) to evaluate whether the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and/or ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) improves growth and survival of 13 planted tree species and (2) to trace the inoculated mycorrhizal fungi in tree roots after one growing season. Molecular methods were applied to characterize AMF and EcMF entering the studied system (inocula, native soil, and roots of nursery seedlings). Biometric parameters and mortality of the trees were recorded and the presence of AMF and EcMF in sampled trees was determined both microscopically and genetically. Mycorrhizal inoculation did not improve survival or growth of any tree species. Most AMF‐host and all EcMF‐host seedlings were highly precolonized already from the nursery. An abundant and diverse AMF community was also found in the field soil. The AMF inoculum taxa partially overlapped with AMF in the native soil and in the precolonized roots. After one season, the only two inoculum‐unique AMF taxa were detected in host species non‐precolonized or only partially precolonized from the nursery. The components of EcMF inoculum were not detected in any sampled tree. After the season, the ectomycorrhizal hosts maintained most of their original EcMF taxa gathered in nursery, some tree species were additionally colonized by EcMF probably originating from the soil. Our results show considerable self‐restoration potential of nature on the target site. Mycorrhizal inoculation thus did not bring any conclusive advantage to the planted trees and seems superfluous for reclamation practice on the fly ash deposit.
Emergency route diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma initially diagnosed as a temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Chmieliauskaite Milda , Sollecito Thomas P. , Stoopler Eric T.
Published: November 2015

Salivary gland malignancy (SGM) can affect both major and minor glands and manifests clinically with various presentations. The most common type of SGM is mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), which has been previously reported to be associated with symptomatology associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This case report describes a patient with an aggressive form of MEC of the parotid gland that was initially diagnosed as TMD. In addition, the patient's MEC was diagnosed emergently based on development of acute clinical symptomatology. To the best of our knowledge, emergency route diagnosis of MEC affecting the parotid gland has not been previously reported in the literature.
“Reanalysis” Is Raising to Object
Authors: Drummond Alex , Kush Dave
Published: November 2015

We propose a Case‐driven account of the “reanalysis” operation assumed by some researchers to underlie pseudopassivization. Contra previous analyses, we argue that reanalyzed prepositions do not form a unit with the verb at any level of representation. Rather, reanalyzed prepositions raise to a v/V‐medial Agr head, and the complement of the preposition raises to the specifier of this complex head to receive Case. This places the erstwhile complement in essentially the same structural configuration as an ordinary direct object, so that passivization proceeds normally. Preposition stranding, although it does not require reanalysis as such, is tied to one of the prerequisites for reanalysis: the presence of independent Agr projections. This explains why all languages with pseudopassives also permit preposition stranding. Reanalysis also accounts for certain instances of anaphoric binding in the apparent absence of c‐command.
Causation without acause
Authors: Cuervo María Cristina
Published: November 2015

This article develops a constructionalist approach to “lexical” causatives, as inThe sun melted the snow. It is argued that causation is a truly configurational meaning, arising as the interpretation of the syntactic combination of two verbal heads, the higher v representing the causing event (an unspecified dynamic vdo) and the lower v representing the resulting state named by the verbal root (a stative vbe). This structure contrasts with that of simple transitive activity verbs, which are monoeventive (vdo). A parallel contrast is established between bieventive inchoatives (vgo–vbe), as inThe snow melted, and simple unaccusatives, as inThe guests arrived(vgo). In this analysis, causatives and inchoatives both comprise two events and have an intersective nonderivational relationship. They share the lower resulting state; the type of the higher event distinguishes between the two. The analysis—developed with attention to Spanish data—can straightforwardly account for observed gaps in the causative alternation, the distribution of bare nouns, and scope ambiguity of adverbials and negation, and it sheds new light on the presence of reflexive morphology in inchoatives. The analysis implies that transitivity, as well as unaccusativity, can arise from two basic syntactic structures, on which distinctive verbal meanings are built. In this theory, no syntactic terminal or lexical verb expresses a relation between events; relations between events—such as causation, change of state, and resultatives—arise via semantic composition rules that interpret complex syntactic structures.
Phase I lead‐in and subsequent randomized trial assessing safety and modulation of regulatory T cell numbers following a maximally tolerated dose doxorubicin and metronomic dose cyclophosphamide combination chemotherapy protocol in tumour‐bearing dogs
Authors: Rasmussen R. M. , Kurzman I. D. , Biller B. J. , Guth A. , Vail D. M.
Published: November 2015

Maximally tolerated dose (MTD) and metronomic dose chemotherapeutic approaches alter the immune system and the angiogenic process in different yet potentially complementary ways. A combination of MTD doxorubicin (MTD‐DOX) and metronomic cyclophosphamide (mCTX) protocol was evaluated for safety and effect on circulating regulatory T (Treg) cells. We found that mCTX can be safely administered with MTD‐DOX in tumour‐bearing dogs. Both combination DOX/mCTX and single‐agent DOX resulted in significant depletions of circulating lymphocytes throughout the chemotherapy cycle without apparent selectivity for Tregs. The indiscriminant lymphocyte depletions were similar between dogs randomized to receive DOX and dogs randomized to receive DOX/mCTX, suggesting this effect is because of DOX alone. These findings may have implications as to the therapeutic benefit (or lack thereof) of concurrent combination MTD and metronomic protocols. Future investigations are required to determine the effects and indeed the efficacy of concurrent versus sequential applications of MTD and metronomic chemotherapy protocols.
Influence of the Blade Trailing Edge Profile on the Performance and Unsteady Pressure Pulsations in a Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Gao Bo , Zhang Ning , Li Zhong , Ni Dan , Yang MinGuan
Published: November 2015

The blade trailing edge profile is of crucial importance for the performance and pressure pulsations of centrifugal pumps. In the present study, numerical investigation is conducted to analyze the effect of the blade trailing edge profile influencing the performance and unsteady pressure pulsations in a low specific speed centrifugal pump. Five typical blade trailing edges are analyzed including original trailing edge (OTE), circle edge (CE), ellipse on pressure side (EPS), ellipse on suction side (ESS), and ellipse on both sides (EBS). Results show that the well-designed blade trailing edges, especially for the EPS and EBS profiles, can significantly improve the pump efficiency. Pressure amplitudes at fBPF and 2fBPF are together calculated to evaluate the influence of the blade trailing edge profile on pressure pulsations. The EPS and EBS profiles contribute obviously to pressure pulsations reduction. In contrast, the CE and ESS profiles lead to increase of pressure pulsation amplitude compared with the OTE pump. Vorticity distribution at the blade trailing edge demonstrates that the EPS and EBS profiles have an effective impact on reducing vortex intensity at the blade trailing edge. Consequently, rotor–stator interaction could be attenuated leading to lower pressure pulsation amplitude. It is thought to be the main reason of pressure pulsations reduction obtained with the proper modified blade trailing edges. The results would pave the way for further optimization of the blade trailing edge profile.
Ex Situ Characterization Method for Flooding in Gas Diffusion Layers and Membrane Electrode Assemblies With a Hydrophilic Gas Diffusion Layer
Authors: Tanuma Toshihiro
Published: November 2015

Proper water management is required for the operation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), in order to maintain the critical balance between adequate membrane hydration and prevention of water flooding in the catalyst layer. In PEFCs, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is sandwiched between two gas diffusion layers (GDLs). In addition, a microporous layer (MPL) is generally applied to the GDL substrates for better water removal from the cathode catalyst layer. This paper is the first to report on an ex situ characterization method for water flooding in GDLs. As the humidity of O2 gas on the substrate side of the GDL was increased in incremental steps, O2 gas began to diffuse into the MPL side of the GDL. When the O2 relative humidity exceeded the dew point, water flooding was observed on the surface of the MPL and the O2 concentration dropped sharply because the O2 diffusion was suppressed by the produced liquid water. When comparing to the estimated mass transfer loss based on the actual polarization curves of an MEA using the GDL, it was found that the decrease in the O2 concentration on the MPL side of the GDL can be used as an index of water flooding in the PEFC.
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Continuous Flow Micropump System
Authors: Al-Halhouli Ala'aldeen T. , Demming Stefanie , Dietzel Andreas , Büttgenbach Stephanus
Published: November 2015

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a continuous flow micropump system. The system comprises two single pneumatic micropumps connected in parallel and a fluidic capacitor. It has been made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Each of the pneumatic pumps features a pump chamber, a flexible membrane, and an air chamber. The fluidic capacitor equals a single micropump without air chamber. A maximum flow rate of 496 μL/min is obtained. The influence of the fluidic capacitor is investigated at frequencies of 1 Hz and 3 Hz. The flow rate is considerably smoothened with a smoothing factor of about 0.6.
Location and Thickness Effect of Two Phase Change Materials Between Layers of Roof on Energy Consumption for Air-Conditioned Room
Authors: Hamza Hamid , Hanchi Nisrine , Abouelkhayrat Bouchra , Lahjomri Jawad , Oubarra Abdelaziz
Published: November 2015

Thermal discomfort inside building is due to outside climate, especially by excessive solar radiation during summer or by temperature drop during a cold season. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) can reduce this effect by storing heat transmitted by sensible and latent heat. This ensures good situation of thermal comfort throughout the year. In this work, thermal behavior of two roofing systems is studied. One roof that is taken as reference is constituted by usual materials in building. In the second, two PCMs are inserted according to three configurations. The objective of the study is to assess incorporation effect of two PCMs within reference roof and to evaluate the optimum locations to reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioned room. A monodimensional numerical model, validated analytically and experimentally, is used to carry out a parametric analysis to determine the characteristics of the PCMs to be used and their optimal location within the reference roof regardless of the external climate effect. Numerical calculations are performed for three configurations of roof with swapping PCMs. Results show that insertion of PCMs in the roof provides the best energy consumption saving regardless of annual climate change. Reduction in energy consumption of an air-conditioned room depends on the combination of PCMs, their mutual thicknesses, and thermal comfort level.
Appraisal in a Team Context: Perceptions of Cohesion Predict Competition Importance and Prospects for Coping
Authors: Wolf Svenja A. , Eys Mark A. , Sadler Pamela , Kleinert Jens
Published: November 2015

Athletes’ precompetitive appraisal is important because it determines emotions, which may impact performance. When part of a team, athletes perform their appraisal within a social context, and in this study we examined whether perceived team cohesion, as a characteristic of this context, related to appraisal. We asked 386 male and female intercollegiate team-sport athletes to respond to measures of cohesion and precompetitive appraisal before an in-season game. For males and females, across all teams, (a) an appraisal of increased competition importance was predicted by perceptions of higher task cohesion (individual level), better previous team performance, and a weaker opponent (team level) and (b) an appraisal of more positive prospects for coping with competitive demands was predicted by higher individual attractions to the group (individual level). Consequently, athletes who perceive their team as more cohesive likely appraise the pending competition as a challenge, which would benefit both emotions and performance.
Executive Function Is Associated With Antisocial Behavior and Aggression in Athletes
Authors: Micai Martina , Kavussanu Maria , Ring Christopher
Published: November 2015

Poor executive function has been linked to increased antisocial and aggressive behavior in clinical and nonclinical populations. The present study investigated the relationship between executive and nonexecutive cognitive function and antisocial behavior in sport as well as reactive and proactive aggression. Cognitive function was assessed in young adult male and female athletes using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Antisocial behavior in sport and aggression were assessed via self-report instruments and were found to be positively correlated. Executive function (but not nonexecutive function) scores were negatively correlated with both self-reported antisocial behavior and aggression in males but not females. Our findings suggest that prefrontal deficits among male athletes could contribute to poor impulse control and difficulty in anticipating the consequences of their antisocial and aggressive behavior.
Moving to Self-Present: An Investigation Into Proposed Antecedents of 2 x 2 Self-Presentation Motives
Authors: Howle Timothy C. , Dimmock James A. , Whipp Peter R. , Jackson Ben
Published: November 2015

Two studies involving high school physical education students were conducted to investigate associations between 2 x 2 self-presentation motives and theorized antecedents. In Study 1 (n = 445), using path analysis, we found that positive predictive pathways emerged from fear of negative evaluation, trait agency and communion, self-presentational efficacy, and social self-efficacy to 2 x 2 motives. In Study 2 (n = 301), using cluster analysis, we found that approximately half the cohort was classified into a high motive endorsement cluster and half into a low motive endorsement cluster. The high cluster had significantly higher 2 x 2 motive, fear of negative evaluation, trait agency and communion, and self-efficacy scores. This work represents the first concerted effort to empirically examine proposed antecedents of 2 x 2 motives and serves to inform theorists and practitioners about dispositional and context-specific factors that may align with these motives.
Fosfomycin plus β-Lactams as Synergistic Bactericidal Combinations for Experimental Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant and Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: del Río A. , García-de-la-Mària C. , Entenza J. M. , Gasch O. , Armero Y. , Soy D. , Mestres C. A. , Pericás J. M. , Falces C. , Ninot S. , Almela M. , Cervera C. , Gatell J. M. , Moreno A. , Moreillon P. , Marco F. , Miró J. M. ,   the Hospital Clinic Experimental Endocarditis Study Group
Published: November 2015

The urgent need of effective therapies for methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infective endocarditis (IE) is a cause of concern. We aimed to ascertain the
in vitro
and
in vivo
activity of the older antibiotic fosfomycin combined with different beta-lactams against MRSA and glycopeptide-intermediate-resistant
S. aureus
(GISA) strains. Time-kill tests with 10 isolates showed that fosfomycin plus imipenem (FOF+IPM) was the most active evaluated combination. In an aortic valve IE model with two strains (MRSA-277H and GISA-ATCC 700788), the following intravenous regimens were compared: fosfomycin (2 g every 8 h [q8h]) plus imipenem (1 g q6h) or ceftriaxone (2 g q12h) (FOF+CRO) and vancomycin at a standard dose (VAN-SD) (1 g q12h) and a high dose (VAN-HD) (1 g q6h). Whereas a significant reduction of MRSA-227H load in the vegetations (veg) was observed with FOF+IPM compared with VAN-SD (0 [interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 1] versus 2 [IQR, 0 to 5.1] log CFU/g veg;
P
= 0.01), no statistical differences were found with VAN-HD. In addition, FOF+IPM sterilized more vegetations than VAN-SD (11/15 [73%] versus 5/16 [31%];
P
= 0.02). The GISA-ATCC 700788 load in the vegetations was significantly lower after FOF+IPM or FOF+CRO treatment than with VAN-SD (2 [IQR, 0 to 2] and 0 [IQR, 0 to 2] versus 6.5 [IQR, 2 to 6.9] log CFU/g veg;
P
< 0.01). The number of sterilized vegetations after treatment with FOF+CRO was higher than after treatment with VAN-SD or VAN-HD (8/15 [53%] versus 4/20 [20%] or 4/20 [20%];
P
= 0.03). To assess the effect of FOF+IPM on penicillin binding protein (PBP) synthesis, molecular studies were performed, with results showing that FOF+IPM treatment significantly decreased PBP1, PBP2 (but not PBP2a), and PBP3 synthesis. These results allow clinicians to consider the use of FOF+IPM or FOF+CRO to treat MRSA or GISA IE.
Development of simple hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Namespetra Andrew M. , Hendsbee Arthur D. , Welch Gregory C. , Hill Ian G.
Published: November 2015

Three low-cost propeller-shaped small molecules based on a triphenylamine core and the high-performance donor molecule 7,7′-[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5′-hexyl-[2,2′-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (DTS(FBTTh2)2) were investigated as hole-transporting materials in perovskite solar cells. Each hole-transporting material was designed with highly modular side arms, allowing for different bandgaps and thin-film properties while maintaining a consistent binding energy of the highest occupied molecular orbitals to facilitate hole extraction from the perovskite active layer. Perovskite solar cell devices were fabricated with each of the three triphenylamine-based hole-transporting materials and DTS(FBTTh2)2 and were compared to devices with 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) hole-transporting layers. Each of our triphenylamine hole-transporting materials and DTS(FBTTh2)2 displayed surface morphologies that were considerably rougher than that of spiro-OMeTAD; a factor that may contribute to lower device performance. It was found that using inert, insulating polymers as additives with DTS(FBTTh2)2 reduced the surface roughness, resulting in devices with higher photocurrents.
THE IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON MANUFACTURING: PLANT-LEVEL ANALYSIS FOR THE GREAT HANSHIN-AWAJI EARTHQUAKE
Authors: MATSUKI YUSUKE , MANAGI SHUNSUKE
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates the impact of the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake on plant input, output, total factor productivity (TFP) and exit using Japanese plant-level manufacturing data. We employ the difference-in-differences (DID) estimation method to identify the effects of the quake and find that the quake had an impact on manufacturing. The results suggest that production was influenced by the quake, particularly in the first year after the quake. Furthermore, the quake did not influence manufacturing industries uniformly. The effects are different based on specifications, variables, and industries. However, the quake had little impact on the exit of plants.
Black hole remnants due to Planck-length deformed QFT
Authors: Dirkes Alain R. P. , Maziashvili Michael , Silagadze Zurab K.
Published: November 2015

It was argued in a number of papers that the gravitational potential calculated by using the modified QFT that follows from the Planck-length deformed uncertainty relation implies the existence of black hole (BH) remnants of the order of the Planck mass. Usually, this sort of QFTs are endowed with two specific features, the modified dispersion relation, which is universal, and the concept of minimum length, which, however, is not universal. While the emergence of the minimum length most readily leads to the idea of the BH remnants, here, we examine the behavior of the potential that follows from the Planck-length deformed QFT in the absence of the minimum length and show that it might also lead to the formation of the Planck mass BHs in some particular cases. The calculations are made for higher-dimensional case as well. Such BH remnants might be considered as a possible candidates for the dark-matter.
The octet meson and octet baryon interaction with strangeness and the Λ(1405)
Authors: He Jun , Lü Pei-Liang
Published: November 2015

The octet meson and baryon interaction with strangeness [Formula: see text] is studied fully relativistically with chiral Lagrangian. In this paper, a Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) approach with spectator quasipotential approximation is applied to study the reactions [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with all possible partial waves and theoretical results are comparable with experimental data. It is found that the Weinberg–Tomozawa potential derived from the lowest order chiral Lagrangian only provides the contributions from partial waves with spin-parities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Two-pole structure of the [Formula: see text] is confirmed with poles at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] MeV. The lower and higher poles originate from [Formula: see text] interaction as a resonance and [Formula: see text] interaction as a bound state, respectively.
A GRAPHENE/ENZYME-BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR FOR SENSITIVE DETECTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES
Authors: ZHOU NONG , LI CHENGYONG , MO RIJIAN , ZHANG PENG , HE LEI , NIE FANGHONG , SU WEIMING , LIU SHUCHENG , GAO JING , SHAO HAIYAN , QIAN ZHONG-JI , JI HONGWU
Published: November 2015

A sensitive and fast sensor for quantitative detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is obtained using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor based on graphene oxide (GO)–chitosan (CS) composite film. This new biosensor is prepared via depositing GO–CS composite film on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and then assembling AChE on the composite film. The GO–CS composite film shows an excellent biocompatibility with AChE and enhances immobilization efficiency of AChE. GO homogeneously disperses in the GO–CS composite films and exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity to thiocholine oxidation, which is from acetylthiocholine catalyzed by AChE. The results show that the inhibition of carbaryl/trichlorfon on AChE activity is proportional to the concentration of carbaryl/trichlorfon. The detection of linear range for carbaryl is from 10[Formula: see text]nM to 100[Formula: see text]nM and the correlation coefficients of 0.993. The detection limit for carbaryl is calculated to be about 2.5[Formula: see text]nM. In addition, the detection of linear range for trichlorfon is from 10[Formula: see text]nM to 60[Formula: see text]nM and the correlation coefficients of 0.994. The detection limit for trichlorfon is calculated to be about 1.2[Formula: see text]nM. This biosensor provides a new promising tool for trace organophosphorus pesticide detection.
INTEGRATED 3D MULTI-PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF A MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEM USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: SUN HAO , LI ZHANDONG , TAO JIANGUO
Published: November 2015

Microfluidics technology has emerged as an attractive approach in physics, chemistry and biomedical science by providing increased analytical accuracy, sensitivity and efficiency in minimized systems. Numerical simulation can improve theoretical understanding, reduce prototyping consumption, and speed up development. In this paper, we setup a 3D model of an integrated microfluidic system and study the multi-physical dynamics of the system via the finite element method (FEM). The fluid–structure interaction (FSI) of fluid and an immobilized single cell within the cell trapping component, and the on-chip thermodynamics have been analyzed. The velocity magnitude and streamline of flow field, the distribution of von Mises stress and Tresca stress on the FSI interface have been studied. In addition, the on-chip heat transfer performance and temperature distribution in the heating zone have been evaluated and analyzed respectively. The presented approach is capable of optimizing microfluidic design, and revealing the complicated mechanism of multi-physical fields. Therefore, it holds the potential for improving microfluidics application in fundamental research and clinical settings.
A CARDIOVASCULAR SIMULATOR WITH ELASTIC ARTERIAL TREE FOR PULSE WAVE STUDIES
Authors: LEE JU-YEON , JANG MIN , LEE SIWOO , KANG HEEJUNG , SHIN SANG-HOON
Published: November 2015

Blood pressure is an important factor in cardiovascular diseases, and it is impossible to precisely reproduce the physical phenomenon of the arteries by using conventional simulators with modeling blood vessels as air-filled chambers. The purpose of this study was to develop a cardiovascular simulator that replicates the human arterial system. The vessel part was manufactured with silicon which has similar stiffness and arterial tree structure. To evaluate the validity of the developed simulator, the pressure and flow were analyzed in the ascending aorta and radial artery. Measured pressure waves and input impedance of the ascending aorta were compared with clinical data using quantitative indices. The generated pulse by the developed simulator showed a good agreement with the physiological characteristics of the arterial system in the human body.
Structural aspects of Hamilton–Jacobi theory
Authors: Cariñena J. F. , Gràcia X. , Marmo G. , Martínez E. , Muñoz-Lecanda M. C. , Román-Roy N.
Published: November 2015

In our previous papers [J. F. Cariñena, X. Gràcia, G. Marmo, E. Martínez, M. C. Muñoz-Lecanda and N. Román-Roy, Geometric Hamilton–Jacobi theory, Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys. 3 (2006) 1417–1458; Geometric Hamilton–Jacobi theory for nonholonomic dynamical systems, Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys. 7 (2010) 431–454] we showed that the Hamilton–Jacobi problem can be regarded as a way to describe a given dynamics on a phase space manifold in terms of a family of dynamics on a lower-dimensional manifold. We also showed how constants of the motion help to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Here we want to delve into this interpretation by considering the most general case: a dynamical system on a manifold that is described in terms of a family of dynamics (slicing vector fields) on lower-dimensional manifolds. We identify the relevant geometric structures that lead from this decomposition of the dynamics to the classical Hamilton–Jacobi theory, by considering special cases like fibered manifolds and Hamiltonian dynamics, in the symplectic framework and the Poisson one. We also show how a set of functions on a tangent bundle can determine a second-order dynamics for which they are constants of the motion.
On the addition of two weighted squares of units mod n
Authors: Sun Cui-Fang , Cheng Zhi
Published: November 2015

For any positive integer [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the ring of residue classes modulo [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be the group of its units. Recently, for any [Formula: see text], Yang and Tang obtained a formula for the number of solutions of the quadratic congruence [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] units, nonunits and mixed pairs, respectively. In this paper, for any [Formula: see text], we give a formula for the number of representations of [Formula: see text] as the sum of two weighted squares of units modulo [Formula: see text]. We resolve a problem recently posed by Yang and Tang.
Precautionary rumor containment via trustworthy people in social networks
Authors: Fan Lidan , Wu Weili , Xing Kai , Lee Wonjun
Published: November 2015

In a social network, rumor containment is vital, as the diffusion of a rumor will bring terrible results. Precautionary measure can be used to control rumor propagation: Anticipating the spread of a rumor, one can (1) select a set of trustworthy people (TP) in the network, (2) alert the TP about the rumor, and (3) ask the TP to protect their neighbors by sending out alerts. In this paper, we study the problem of how to select the least number of TP, satisfying the requirement that the entire network is protected by the alerts that the TP send. We propose an asymmetric trust (AT) information propagation model. Under this model, we study the Least Number TP Selection (LNTS) problem, establish its NP-hardness and reformulate it as a minimum submodular cover problem. As a result, the Greedy Algorithm is a constant-factor approximation algorithm. Using real-world data, we evaluate the performance of the Greedy Algorithm, and compare it with other algorithms. Experimental results indicate that the Greedy Algorithm performs the best among its competitors.
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN AN ALASKA CRAB FISHERY FROM OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
Authors: SEUNG CHANG K. , DALTON MICHAEL G. , PUNT ANDRÉ E. , POLJAK DUSANKA , FOY ROBERT
Published: November 2015

A dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is linked to a bioeconomic model for the Bristol Bay red king crab (BBRKC) fishery to analyze regional economic impacts of ocean acidification (OA)-induced changes in fishery yields. Yield projections based on two alternative forms (linear versus nonlinear) of OA effects on the survival of juvenile BBRKC are compared to a baseline without OA effects. Results demonstrate considerable uncertainty in yields, and show that economic impacts are sensitive to the form of OA effects, and to changes in the world price of BBRKC (Q22, Q54, Q57, R13).
Subexponential Algorithms for Unique Games and Related Problems
Authors: Arora Sanjeev , Barak Boaz , Steurer David
Published: November 2015

Subexponential time approximation algorithms are presented for the U
nique
G
ames
and S
mall
-S
et
E
xpansion
problems. Specifically, for some absolute constant
c
, the following two algorithms are presented.

(1) An exp(
kn
ϵ
)-time algorithm that, given as input a
k
-alphabet unique game on
n
variables that has an assignment satisfying 1-ϵ
c
fraction of its constraints, outputs an assignment satisfying 1-ϵ fraction of the constraints.

(2) An exp(
n
ϵ
/δ)-time algorithm that, given as input an
n
-vertex regular graph that has a set
S
of δ
n
vertices with edge expansion at most

ϵ
c

, outputs a set
S'
of at most δ
n
vertices with edge expansion at most ϵ.

subexponential algorithm is also presented with improved approximation to M
ax
C
ut
, S
parsest
C
ut
, and V
ertex
C
over
on some interesting subclasses of instances. These instances are graphs with low
threshold rank
, an interesting new graph parameter highlighted by this work.

Khot's Unique Games Conjecture (UGC) states that it is
NP
-hard to achieve approximation guarantees such as ours for U
nique
G
ames
. While the results here stop short of refuting the UGC, they do suggest that U
nique
G
ames
are significantly easier than
NP
-hard problems such as M
ax
3-S
at
, M
ax
3-
Lin
, L
abel
C
over
, and more, which are believed not to have a subexponential algorithm achieving a nontrivial approximation ratio.

Of special interest in these algorithms is a new notion of graph decomposition that may have other applications. Namely, it is shown for every ϵ >0 and every regular
n
-vertex graph
G
, by changing at most δ fraction of
G
's edges, one can break
G
into disjoint parts so that the stochastic adjacency matrix of the induced graph on each part has at most
n
ϵ
eigenvalues larger than 1-η, where η depends polynomially on ϵ. The subexponential algorithm combines this decomposition with previous algorithms for U
nique
G
ames
on graphs with few large eigenvalues [Kolla and Tulsiani 2007; Kolla 2010].