bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Investigation: Effect of Phase Inversion Methods on Membrane Structure and Its Performance on PEG Filtration
Authors: Irfan Masooma , Basri Hatijah , Irfan M.
Published: November 2018

In this work, the effect of different phase inversion process on membrane morphology and performance was studied. Polyethersulfone (PES) based polymeric membranes was fabricated containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and carboxylic functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as additives and polyethylene glycol (PEG) having a molecular weight 1K, 10K and 35K (Dalton) were used as a model solution for observing the rejection/filteration ability of fabricated membranes. Non-solvent induce phase separation (NIP) and dry-wet phase separation (DWP) method was adopted for membrane synthesis. The FTIR spectra showed that PVP/MWCNT was effectively blended with PES polymer and different phase inversion method led to different internal morphologies of membranes as confirmed by FESEM images. The PEG rejection results suggested that membranes formed by DWP method had approximately double rejection ability than membranes formed by NIP process.
PVC Based Ion-Exchange Membrane Blended with Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Desalination: Fabrication, Characterization and Performance
Authors: Parvizian F. , Sadeghi Z. , Hosseini S. M.
Published: November 2018

In this study, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based nanocomposite cation exchange membranes incorporated with magnesium oxide (MgO0 nanoparticles were fabricated by nonsolvent induced phase inversion method. The additive concentration and electrolyte conditions (concentrations/pH) were investigated. Morphology studies were done using SOM and SEM images exhibited uniform distribution of MgO nanoparticles in the membrane structure. FTIR analysis showed the chemical structure of prepared membrane that demonstrated MgO nanoparticles presence. The hydrophilicity of membranes increased when 0.5-4.0 wt.% of additive were embedded into the polymer matrix. The transport characteristics of prepared membrane were improved by increasing nanoparticle content from 0.5 to 1 wt.%. It was demonstrated that the ionic flux of developed cation exchange membranes improved with an increase in additive content up to 1 wt.%. A considerable reduction was observed in the values of electrical resistance for the prepared membrane containing MgO nanoparticles. Ionic selectivity was enhanced at the more concentered solution and was slightly decreased at higher electrolyte concentration. Moreover, at the electrolyte solution of pH7 the optimal transport properties were achieved for the membranes.
Physico–chemical Characteristics and Dewatering Aptitude of sMBR Sludge
Authors: Khongnakorn W. , Choksuchart S. P. , Wisniewski C.
Published: November 2018

Biomass concentrations 2 to 5 times higher than in a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process can be achieved in a membrane bioreactor system (MBR). These non–conventional operating conditions, i.e. high sludge concentration, can induce different sludge characteristics and dewatering aptitude, essential parameters for the optimization of the sludge post–treatment, like mechanical dewatering. The objective of this work is to study the dewatering behavior of MBR sludge, and particularly the influence of high total suspended solids concentration, on viscosity and on the key dewaterability indicators. Operating conditions are chosen to obtain MBR sludge with constant characteristics, except TSS concentration. The results confirm that the sludge viscosity is dependent on the TSS concentration. The high viscosity obtained for high TSS concentration can be unfavorable to an efficient mixing in the MBR unit, as well as to acceptable membrane permeability. However, good settleability is obtained with high TSS concentration although the sludge presents high compressibility property and a large part of bound water. This large part of bound water seems to not disturb the sludge filterability, which stays relatively good in comparison with CAS. Consequently, high–TSS concentration in MBR system can be coherent with an efficient sludge post–treatment.
Endothelial cell transitions
Authors: Dejana Elisabetta , Lampugnani Maria Grazia
Published: November 2018

Are endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitions in various vascular pathologies a consequence, cause, or defense?
The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health
Authors: Gentile Christopher L. , Weir Tiffany L.
Published: November 2018

Diet affects multiple facets of human health and is inextricably linked to chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Dietary nutrients are essential not only for human health but also for the health and survival of the trillions of microbes that reside within the human intestines. Diet is a key component of the relationship between humans and their microbial residents; gut microbes use ingested nutrients for fundamental biological processes, and the metabolic outputs of those processes may have important impacts on human physiology. Studies in humans and animal models are beginning to unravel the underpinnings of this relationship, and increasing evidence suggests that it may underlie some of the broader effects of diet on human health and disease.
Preventing chemical weapons as sciences converge
Authors: Crowley Michael , Shang Lijun , Dando Malcolm
Published: November 2018

Focus must extend beyond 20th-century technologies
Reform and cooperation in China
Authors: Horvat Manfred
Published: November 2018

Since it was established as a science funding organization in 1986, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has seen its annual budget grow from CNY 80 million to 28.04 billion in 2018, as China underwent rapid transformation and became a global player in research. Now under the new leadership of President Li Jinghai, the NSFC has engaged in consultations about its future. To promote international dialogue, the NSFC convened representatives from 15 funding agencies around Europe to solicit feedback on proposed reforms. This September meeting in Paris marked a first major step by the NSFC to align its new strategies and policies with those of international partners and demonstrate its commitment to cooperation.
Genome Location Dictates the Transcriptional Response to PolC Inhibition in
Clostridium difficile
Authors: van Eijk Erika , Boekhoud Ilse M. , Kuijper Ed J. , Bos-Sanders Ingrid M. J. G. , Wright George , Smits Wiep Klaas
Published: November 2018

Clostridium difficile
is a potentially lethal gut pathogen that causes nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Limited treatment options and reports of reduced susceptibility to current treatment emphasize the necessity for novel antimicrobials.
Periodic and Spatial Spreading of Alkanes and
Alcanivorax
Bacteria in Deep Waters of the Mariana Trench
Authors: Li Wen-Li , Huang Jiao-Mei , Zhang Pei-Wei , Cui Guo-Jie , Wei Zhan-Fei , Wu Yu-Zhi , Gao Zhao-Ming , Han Zhuang , Wang Yong
Published: November 2018

In the oligotrophic environment of the Mariana Trench, alkanes as carbohydrates are important for the ecosystem, but their spatial and periodic spreading in deep waters has never been reported. Alkane-degrading bacteria such as
Alcanivorax
spp. are biological signals of the alkane distribution. In the present study,
Alcanivorax
was abundant in some waters, at depths of up to 6,000 m, in the Mariana Trench. Genomic, transcriptomic, and chemical analyses provide evidence for the presence and activities of
Alcanivorax jadensis
in deep sea zones. The periodic spreading of alkanes, probably from the subductive plates, might have fundamentally modified the local microbial communities, as well as perhaps the deep sea microenvironment.
Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-17A Differentially Influence the Response of Human Macrophages and Neutrophils to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
Authors: Muntaka Sirina , Almuhanna Yasir , Jackson Darryl , Singh Sonali , Afryie-Asante Afrakoma , Cámara Miguel , Martínez-Pomares Luisa
Published: November 2018

Macrophages are important orchestrators of inflammation during bacterial infection, acting as both effector cells and regulators of neutrophil recruitment and life span. Differently activated macrophage populations with distinct inflammatory and microbicidal potentials have been described.
Clue to the diagnosis on chest X-ray in a child with neck swelling
Authors: Kumar Gurinder , Sharma Vasudev Omprakash , Mohamedfaris Khalid Mohamed Mansour , Nair Rajendran , Sohal Aman Preet Singh
Published: November 2018

Differentiated thyroid cancer is a rare disease in children and adolescents and manifests exclusively in the form of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We present a rare case of PTC who presented initially with lung symptoms and miliary nodules on chest X-ray. This case emphasises the important differential of miliary mottling of the lungs.
Cardiovascular incidents in male professional football players with negative preparticipation cardiac screening results: an 8-year follow-up
Authors: Berge Hilde Moseby , Andersen Thor Einar , Bahr Roald
Published: November 2018

Background

Preparticipation cardiac screening of athletes aims to detect cardiovascular disease at an early stage to prevent sudden cardiac arrests and deaths. Few studies have described the cardiovascular outcomes in athletes classified as negative on screening.

Objective

To identify cardiovascular incidents in a cohort of male professional football players who were cleared to play after a negative screening result.

Methods

This is a retrospective 8-year follow-up study of 595 professional male football players in Norway who underwent preparticipation cardiac screening by experienced cardiologists, including electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography, in 2008. We performed a media search to identify sudden cardiovascular incidents between January 2008 and February 2016. Incidents were cross-checked with medical records.

Results

Six of the 595 players (1%), all classified as negative on cardiac screening, experienced severe cardiovascular incidents during follow-up. Retrospective review revealed abnormal ECG findings in one case, not recognised at the time of screening. Three players suffered a sudden cardiac arrest (all resuscitated successfully), one a myocardial infarction, one a transient ischaemic attack and one atrial flutter. Three of the players ignored chest pain, paresis, dyspnoea or near-syncope, two completed a match with symptoms before seeking medical assistance, one player’s symptoms were misinterpreted and received inappropriate treatment initially, and two players were discharged from hospital without proper follow-up, despite having serious cardiovascular symptoms.

Conclusions

A comprehensive preparticipation cardiac screening did not identify a subset of 6 of 595 players who experienced subsequent cardiovascular incidents as being at risk. It is important to remind athletes that a normal cardiac screening exam does not protect against all cardiac diseases. Timely reporting of symptoms is essential.
Evidence-based practice education for healthcare professions: an expert view
Authors: Lehane Elaine , Leahy-Warren Patricia , O’Riordan Cliona , Savage Eileen , Drennan Jonathan , O’Tuathaigh Colm , O’Connor Michael , Corrigan Mark , Burke Francis , Hayes Martina , Lynch Helen , Sahm Laura , Heffernan Elizabeth , O’Keeffe Elizabeth , Blake Catherine , Horgan Frances , Hegarty Josephine
Published: November 2018

Internationally, evidence-based practice (EBP) is recognised as a foundational element of healthcare professional education. Achieving competency in this area is a complex undertaking that is reflected in disparities between ‘best EBP’ and actual clinical care. The effective development and implementation of professional education to facilitate EBP remains a major and immediate challenge. To ascertain nuanced perspectives on the provision of EBP education internationally, interviews were conducted with five EBP education experts from the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Definitive advice was provided in relation to (1) EBP curriculum considerations, (2) teaching EBP and (3) stakeholder engagement in EBP education. While a considerable amount of EBP activity throughout health profession education is apparent, effectively embedding EBP throughout curricula requires further development, with a ‘real-world’ pragmatic approach that engenders dialogue and engagement with all stakeholders required.
Effect of discharge and upstream jam angle on the flow distribution beneath a simulated ice jam
Authors: Nyantekyi-Kwakye Baafour , Ahmed Tanzim , Clark Shawn P. , Tachie Mark F. , Dow Karen
Published: November 2018

The velocity field beneath simulated rough ice jams under various upstream jam angles and discharge were investigated using a particle image velocimetry system. Three discharges were examined at 2.3 L/s, 3.4 L/s, and 4.0 L/s and two upstream ice jam angles were tested at 4° and 6°. Increasing the discharge resulted in high turbulence production beneath the jam. The adverse pressure gradient exerted on the flow increased the levels of the Reynolds shear stress. The measured velocities beneath the jam were used to assess the performances of three traditional field measurement techniques as well as the validity of the two-parameter power law. The two-point measurement technique performed remarkably well with the least mean bias error of 2.0%. The error associated with the different techniques showed their inability to accurately predict the average velocity under high discharge. The two-parameter power law accurately predicted velocity profiles within the equilibrium section of the jam, but failed within the boundary layers when the flow was subjected to a pressure gradient.
The Acute Management of Unstable Intra-Articular Fractures of the Base of the Middle Phalanx: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hamilton Laura Clare
Published: November 2018

Background: Within hand trauma, the management of unstable, intra-articular fractures of the base of the middle phalanx remains highly controversial. The objective of this research was to determine which operation gives the best outcome in the management of displaced, intra-articular fractures of the base of the middle phalanx causing instability of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Methods: A scoping study was performed to determine the evidence available and the terminology used. A Systematic Review was then performed along PRISMA guidelines. This Systematic Review looked specifically for papers available in English, published over the last ten years, with clinical data for at least five cases of acute unstable fractures of the base of the middle phalanx. There must be two years follow-up with less than 30% loss to follow-up.

Results: There were no Systematic Reviews or Cochrane reviews. There were no randomized controlled trials and the best studies were simply cohort studies with level III or IV evidence. There was a paucity of high quality studies, with small, heterogeneous groups, short length of follow-up and high loss to follow up. Only seven papers met the Systematic Review criteria.

Conclusions: General trends show excellent return of grip strength and good function despite some ongoing pain and stiffness. There were high complication rates for all techniques and the possible reasons for different outcomes are discussed.
Simultaneous Phrenic and Intercostal Nerves Transfer for Elbow Flexion and Extension in Total Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion Injury
Authors: Malungpaishope Kanchai , Leechavengvongs Somsak , Ratchawatana Patamaporn , Pitakveerakul Akaradech , Jindahara Sarun , Uerpairojkit Chairoj , Putthiwara Dechporn , Anantavorasakul Navapong , Tan Valerie Huali
Published: November 2018

Background: To report the results of restoring the elbow flexion and extension in patients with total brachial root avulsion injuries by simultaneous transfer of the phrenic nerve to the nerve to the biceps and three intercostal nerves to the nerve of the long head of the triceps.

Methods: Ten patients with total brachial root avulsion injuries underwent the spinal accessory nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve for shoulder reconstruction. Simultaneous transfer of the phrenic nerve to the nerve to the biceps via the sural nerve graft and three intercostal nerves to the nerve of the long head of the triceps was done for restoration of the elbow flexion and extension. Trunk flexion exercise program was used for all patients postoperatively. The mean follow up period was 36 months.

Results: For elbow flexion, there were two M4, seven M3, and one M1. For elbow extension, there were three M4, four M3, two M2, and one M1. No patient demonstrated a respiratory problem clinically postoperatively. The average FVC% decreased to 61% of the predicted value at 24 months after surgery.

Conclusions: The simultaneous nerve transfer using the phrenic nerve to the nerve to the biceps and 3 intercostal nerves to the nerve of the long head of the triceps with postoperative trunk flexion exercise provide a comparable result for restoration of elbow function in total brachial plexus root avulsion injury. The patients who appear to have a respiratory problem and are unable to comply with the post-operative respiratory muscles training should be contraindicated for this simultaneous transfer.
Effects of Anthropometric Measurements on Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Avsaroglu Hazim , Ozcakir Suheda
Published: November 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric hand/wrist measurements and outcomes following static wrist splintage in patients with mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods: Thirty nine patients with mild-to-moderate CTS were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements of hand and wrist including wrist width, wrist depth, palm length, hand length, wrist ratio (wrist depth/wrist width) and wrist/palm ratio (wrist depth/palm length) were recorded as well as body mass index and ultrasonographic cross sectional area of median nerve. Patients were treated with static wrist splints and evaluated at 2nd, 4th and 12th weeks with Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, median nerve nerve conduction studies, Visual Analog Scale for pain and Likert Scale for numbness.

Results: Following treatment with a static wrist splint, the wrist ratio was correlated significantly with improvements in Boston Functional Status Scale at the second and forth weeks (r = −0.354, p = 0.027 and r = −0.320, p = 0.050 respectively) and Visual Analog Scale at the forth and 12th weeks (r = −0.352, p = 0.030 and r = −0.360, p = 0.029 respectively).

Conclusions: Splinting provides symptomatic improvement in mild-to-moderate CTS and this study suggests that the wrist anthropometric measurements may influence treatment outcomes.
Blended learning in medical physiology improves nursing students’ study efficiency
Authors: Shang Feifei , Liu Chuan-Yong
Published: November 2018

The rapid development of mobile phones and communication networks is profoundly changing the lives of people in China. With the gradual growth of Wi-Fi on college and university campuses, Chinese schools are setting off a wave of teaching reform combining online material with traditional classroom instruction. We adapted a Chinese University massive open online course physiology course into a private university online course, specifically designed for second-semester bachelor’s level nursing students at Taishan Medical University. This online course blended with classroom teaching was offered to 108 freshmen from two parallel reform classes. A third class of 55 students was offered the traditional classroom lecture-based course as a control. Impressive teaching effects were achieved in reform classes, as indicated by significant improvement in student performance on the final examination and positive student feedback. The student surveys showed that 68% of students preferred the blended course over traditional classroom courses. The most highly rated advantages of the blended course were flexible learning time (84%) and improvement of independent study skills (75%). As higher education enters the internet era, exploiting the high-quality cyber resources may be the fastest and most economical way to improve teaching efficiency and enhance students’ study experience.
The self-assessment dilemma: an open-source, ethical method using Matlab to formulate multiple-choice quiz questions for online reinforcement
Authors: Witchel Harry J. , Guppy Joseph H. , Smith Claire F.
Published: November 2018

Student self-assessment using computer-based quizzes has been shown to increase subject memory and engagement. Some types of self-assessment quizzes can be associated with a dilemma between 1) medical students who want the self-assessment quiz to be clearly related to upcoming summative assessments or curated by the exam-setters, and 2) university administrators and ethics committees who want clear guarantees that the self-assessment quizzes are not based on the summative assessments or made by instructors familiar with the exam bank of items. An algorithm in Matlab was developed to formulate multiple-choice questions for both ion transport proteins and pharmacology. A resulting question/item subset was uploaded to the Synap online self-quiz web platform, and 48 year 1 medical students engaged with it for 3 wk. Anonymized engagement statistics for students were provided by the Synap platform, and a paper-based exit questionnaire with an 80% response rate ( n = 44) measured satisfaction. Four times as many students accessed the quiz system via laptop compared with phone/tablet. Of 391 questions/items, over 11,749 attempts were made. Greater than 80% of respondents agreed with each of the positive statements (ease of use, enjoyed, engaged more, learned more, and wanted it to be extended to other modules). Despite simplistic questions and rote memorization, the questions developed by this system were engaged with and were received positively. Students strongly supported extending the system.
Medical student perceptions about active methodologies in the study of physiology in medical schools in Salvador, Brazil
Authors: Quintanilha Luiz Fernando , Costa Gustavo Nunes , Coutinho Marcio Ramos
Published: November 2018

In the field of medical education, it is possible to consider that the acquisition of professional competences can gain new contours when considering the use of active methodologies. It is important to analyze the perception of the students about the use of them in medical courses, as well as to reflect on their challenges and potentials. In the present study, a semistructured questionnaire of student perception was applied immediately after the execution of different types of active methodologies in the discipline of physiology in two medical courses. The results suggest a highly positive evaluation of the use of active methodologies by the student body of the two institutions. The students evaluated positively the application of the method (94.6%) and the perception about the learning (84.1%). On the other hand, when questioned about the substitution of the traditional expository method by the active methodologies, there was a tendency to the centrality of the answers, with 84.0% of the responses concentrated at positions 2, 3, and 4 on a scale of 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum) on the Likert scale. There were no statistically significant differences when comparing variables of age, sex, and previous graduation. Although there was no consensus regarding the full replacement of traditional for active methodologies, one can conclude that the students’ perception about the introduction of said methodologies in the teaching of physiology in medical courses is positive, regardless of the subgroups evaluated. These results encourage the insertion of these and other methodologies into medical courses.
Water intake increases mesenteric lymph flow and the total flux of albumin, long-chain fatty acids, and IL-22 in rats: new concept of absorption in jejunum
Authors: Nagashio Sachiho , Ajima Kumiko , Maejima Daisuke , Sanjo Hideki , Kajihara Ryo , Hayashi Moyuru , Watanabe-Asaka Tomomi , Kaidoh Maki , Yokoyama Yumiko , Taki Shinshuke , Kawai Yoshiko , Ohhashi Toshio
Published: November 2018

The traditional Japanese health care custom recommends that a suitable volume of water is consumed. However, physiological and immunological mechanisms in support of this practice are unknown. Therefore, we conducted rat and rabbit in vivo experiments to investigate the effects of intragastric administration of distilled water on the jejunal-originated lymph flow and the concentrations and total flux of cells, albumin, long-chain fatty acids, and innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC-3)-secreted interleukin-22 (IL-22) through mesenteric lymph vessels. The distribution and activity of ILC-3 in rat small intestine by water intake were evaluated using flow cytometry and RT-PCR. The intragastric administration of distilled water caused significant increases in rat mesenteric lymph flow and in the total flux of cells, albumin, long-chain fatty acids, and IL-22 through the lymph vessels. Intravenously injected Evans blue dye was rapidly transported into rabbit mesenteric lymph vessel and cisterna chyli. The distribution of ILC-3 and the expression of IL-22 mRNA were maximal in the lamina propria cells of the rat jejunum. No significant presence of ILC-3 in the lymph was observed in the control and under water intake conditions. In conclusion, the absorbed water in the jejunum is transported through mesenteric lymph vessels. The higher permeability of albumin in the jejunal microcirculation may play key roles in the transport of consumed water and the reservoir and transporter of long-chain fatty acids. Water intake also accelerates the transfer of IL-22 to the mesenteric lymph, which may contribute, in part, to maintaining and promoting the innate immunity in the body.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The higher permeability of albumin-mediated transport of water-soluble substances in mesenteric lymph vessels of the jejunum may have a large impact on the classic concept suggesting that water-soluble small molecules travel to the liver via the portal vein. ILC-3 is mainly housed in the lamina propria of the jejunum, especially its upper part. IL-22 released from the ILC-3 is also transported through mesenteric lymph in collaboration with the albumin-mediated movement of consumed water.
Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Jeong Jin Hee , Lee Nichole , Tucker Matthew A. , Rodriguez-Miguelez Paula , Looney Jacob , Thomas Jeffrey , Derella Casandra C. , El-Marakby Ahmed , Musall Jacqueline B. , Sullivan Jennifer C. , McKie Kathleen T. , Forseen Caralee , Davison Gareth W. , Harris Ryan A.
Published: November 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in maintaining vascular function, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a critical determinant of NO bioavailability. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of BH4 on endothelial function in patients with CF. Twenty-nine patients with CF (18 ± 8 yr old) and 29 healthy matched controls were recruited. Patients with CF participated in a randomized trial where they received a 5 mg/kg dose of oral BH4 (BH4-5; n = 17) or a 20 mg/kg dose of oral BH4 (BH4-20; n = 12). On a separate visit, a subset of patients from each group was retested following a placebo (PLC; n = 9). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to evaluate vascular endothelial function, and a plasma sample was obtained before and 3 h after treatment. Cultured endothelial cells were treated with plasma to assess NO bioavailability. Baseline FMD was lower in patients compared with controls (5.7 ± 3.4 vs. 8.4 ± 3.5%, respectively, P = 0.005). No change in FMD was observed following PLC or BH4-5 (∆FMD: −0.8 ± 1.9% and −0.5 ± 2.5%; P = 0.273 and 0.132, respectively). Treatment with BH4-20, however, resulted in significant improvements in FMD (∆FMD: 1.1 ± 1.4%) compared with BH4-5 ( P = 0.023) and PLC ( P = 0.017). Moreover, BH4-20 significantly decreased endothelial cell superoxide production and increased NO production. These data suggest that a single oral dose of BH4 at 20 mg/kg improves vascular endothelial function in patients with CF, likely via increased endothelial NO synthase coupling. These findings support the hypothesis that loss of BH4 bioactivity contributes, in part, to endothelial dysfunction in patients with CF.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, the present study documents that a single dose of oral BH4 can improve vascular endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and our in vitro data suggest this is via decreasing uncoupled nitric oxide. These data provide insight into the important role of BH4 bioactivity in vascular dysfunction and provide the foundation for further investigation into the chronic effects of BH4 treatment in patients with CF.
Leaf-Methanolic Extract ofPseudopanax arboreus(Araliaceae) (L. F. Phillipson) Reverses Amitriptyline-Induced Sexual Dysfunction in Male Rats
Authors: Besong Egbe B. , Ateufack G. , Babiaka Smith B. , Kamanyi Albert
Published: November 2018

The people of the Bayangi tribe (Manyu Division) of Cameroon have used the leaves ofPseudopanax arboreus(Araliaceae) traditionally for decades as an aphrodisiac. In order to scientifically investigate this folk claim, we evaluated the effects of the leaf-aqueous extract ofP. arboreuson the sexual behavior of normal male rats. The present study was designed to assess the effects of the leaf-methanolic extract ofP. arboreuson amitriptyline-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats. Sexually impaired male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each. Group 1 received 10 ml/kg distilled water, while group 2 was given 6 mg/kg Viagra. Groups 3 and 4 received 46.5 and 93 mg/kg of the leaf-methanolic extract, respectively. Female rats were made receptive by ovariectomy and subsequent hormonal treatment. Sexual behavior parameters were monitored on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 by pairing each male to a receptive female. The extract-treated rats registered significant decrease in mount latency (ML) and intromission latency (IL); nonsignificant increase in mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), and penile licking (PL); significant decrease in postejaculatory interval (PEI); contrasting effects in ejaculation latency (EL); and mean intromission interval (MII). Both doses of the extract also provoked a significant increase in relative weight of testes, but had no significant effect on the plasma hormonal profile. These findings are similar to those obtained with normal male rats and show that the leaf-methanolic extract ofP. arboreuscould constitute a potential solution to male sexual impairment.
Design of Fully Automatic Drone Parachute System with Temperature Compensation Mechanism for Civilian and Military Applications
Authors: AL-Madani Basem , Svirskis Marius , Narvydas Gintautas , Maskeliūnas Rytis , Damaševičius Robertas
Published: November 2018

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (a.k.a. drones) is becoming more popular and their safety is becoming a serious concern. Due to high cost of top-end drones and requirements for secure landing, development of reliable drone recovery systems is a hot topic now. In this paper, we describe the development of a parachute system with fall detection based on accelerometer-gyroscope MPU – 6050 and fall detection algorithm based on the Kalman filter to reduce acceleration errors while drone is flying. We developed the compensation algorithm for temperature-related accelerometer errors. The parachute system tests were performed from a small height on a soft surface. Later, the system was tested under real-world conditions. The system functioned effectively, resulting in parachute activation times of less than 0.5s. We also discuss the civilian and military applications of the developed recovery system in harsh (high temperature) environment.
Parametric Study on Mixed Torsional Behavior of U‐Shaped Thin‐Walled RC Girders
Authors: Xu Jianchao , Diao Bo , Guo Quanquan , Ye Yinghua , Mo Y. L. , Zhou Tianmin
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, U‐shaped thin‐walled concrete girders have been widely applied in the urban construction of rail viaducts in China as well as worldwide. However, the mixed torsional behaviors of these structures are not well understood. In this paper, the mixed torsional behaviors of the U‐shaped thin‐walled RC girders are theoretically analyzed, and a method predicting failure modes and ultimate torques is proposed. Nonlinear FE models based on ABAQUS to simulate the mixed torsional behaviors are built and calibrated with the test results. Parametric studies considering three crucial parameters (boundary condition, span length‐section height ratio, and ratio of longitudinal bars to stirrups) are conducted based on both the above suggested calculating method and the FE modeling. The calculated and the simulated results agree well with each other and with the test results. It is found that the failure modes of the U‐shaped thin‐walled RC girders under torsion are influenced by all the three parameters. Three kinds of failure modes are observed: flexural failures dominated by warping moment, shear failures caused by warping torque and circulatory torque, and flexural‐shear failures in the cases where flexural failure and shear failure appear almost at the same time.
Ab Initio Study of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Properties of Ternary Chromium Chalcogenides
Authors: Ong Marc , Hammouri Mahmoud , Jishi Radi A.
Published: November 2018

Using first‐principles calculations, we investigate the magnetic order in the ground state of several ternary chromium chalcogenide compounds. Electronic band structure calculations indicate that these compounds are either metallic or semiconductors with relatively low bandgap energies. The large optical absorption coefficients, predicted by our calculations, suggest that some of these compounds may be useful as light harvesters in solar cells or as infrared detectors.
Normative Application of Xiyanping Injection: A Systematic Review of Adverse Case Reports
Authors: Chen Shiqi , Kwong Joey S. W. , Zheng Rui , Wang Yanping , Shang Hongcai
Published: November 2018

Purpose. To summarize the characteristics and the relevant factors and to give references for preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with xiyanping (XYP), we provide a systematic review of adverse case reports about XYP. Methods. Seven medical databases were searched from inception to January 2018. Case reports detailing ADRs associated with XYP were included. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. After the assessment of causality and severity, we carried out a descriptive analysis for the relevant ADRs. Results. Forty‐three articles involving a total number of 55 cases were included. Eight cases were off‐label drug use. In the remaining 47 cases, 26 (55.3%) had probable causality and 23 (48.9%) were serious cases. XYP used in children (≤14 years old) accounted for 66.0%. Respiratory diseases (83.0%) were major primary diseases. No allergic history mentioned (55.3%) and unspecific drug combination (59.6%) were common in these reports. As for ADR types, anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock were up to 97.9%. ADRs happened mostly when applying XYP within 30 minutes (70.2%) and the majority (95.7%) were cured when treated in time. Conclusions. Clinicians and patients are supposed to obey the package insert of XYP in clinical application. Through the results of XYP, normalization of ADR reports is also worthy of attention. High‐quality researches are required to improve the drug instruction and evaluate the safety of XYP in effective diseases and different age groups. Mechanism of ADRs aiming at the hypersensitivity and the drug combination should still be further identified.
Low-Complexity Detection Algorithms for Spatial Modulation MIMO Systems
Authors: Zhang Xinhe , Zhang Yuehua , Liu Chang , Jia Hanzhong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the authors propose three low-complexity detection schemes for spatial modulation (SM) systems based on the modified beam search (MBS) detection. The MBS detector, which splits the search tree into some subtrees, can reduce the computational complexity by decreasing the nodes retained in each layer. However, the MBS detector does not take into account the effect of subtree search order on computational complexity, and it does not consider the effect of layers search order on the bit-error-rate (BER) performance. The ost-MBS detector starts the search from the subtree where the optimal solution is most likely to be located, which can reduce total searches of nodes in the subsequent subtrees. Thus, it can decrease the computational complexity. When the number of the retained nodes is fixed, which nodes are retained is very important. That is, the different search orders of layers have a direct influence on BER. Based on this, we propose the oy-MBS detector. The ost-oy-MBS detector combines the detection order of ost-MBS and oy-MBS together. The algorithm analysis and experimental results show that the proposed detectors outstrip MBS with respect to the BER performance and the computational complexity.
Under-the-Flap Crosslinking and LASIK in Early Ectasia with Hyperopic Refractive Error
Authors: el-Khoury Sylvain , Abdelmassih Youssef , Amro Mazen , Chelala Elias , Jarade Elias
Published: November 2018

Purpose. To present safety, efficacy, and early results of a new combinational treatment for early corneal ectasia with hyperopic refractive error aimed to reinstate emmetropia and stabilize cornea.Method. This is a retrospective case series. All surgeries were performed at the Beirut Eye Specialist Hospital, Lebanon. Surgical procedure consisted of (1) lifting flap (post-LASIK ectasia)/creation of corneal flap (keratoconus), (2) application of excimer laser ablation to correct refractive error, (3) loose repositioning of flap, (4) under-the-flap irrigation with riboflavin 0.1% dextran solution, and (5) application of UVA light.Results. A total of 7 eyes (4 patients; mean age 24.25 years; all male) were included. 2 patients had early keratoconus, and 2 patients had early post-LASIK ectasia. Pretreatment vs. last postoperative follow-up visit (mean 11.25 months; range 6–15 months) UDVA (logMAR), spherical equivalent (SE) (D), astigmatism (D), and central pachymetry (µm) were 0.35 ± 0.18 vs. 0.05 ± 0.07,p=0.017; −0.81 ± 0.67 vs. −0.46 ± 0.57,p=0.078; 2.46 ± 0.53 vs. 0.68 ± 0.28,p=0.018; and 547 ± 58 vs. 536 ± 49,p=0.07, respectively. In all eyes, BCVA was 0.1 logMAR or better before and after treatment. No eye showed a decrease in BCVA. Two eyes of one patient had an epithelial ingrowth, which was removed in one case. Follow-up results showed no major complications and no progression of corneal ectasia.Conclusion. Early results showed that under-the-flap CXL with excimer laser correction is an effective treatment for early hyperopic keratectasia, with the advantage of rapid recovery, postoperative corneal stability, and no epithelial healing complications. The procedure seems to bear a risk for postoperative epithelial growth into the flap interface.
Oral Fludrocortisone Test for Salt-Sensitive Screening in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Pio-Abreu Andrea , de Castro Isac , da Silva Giovanio Vieira , Ortega Katia Coelho , Mion Decio
Published: November 2018

Background. Salt sensitivity is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, but the gold standard method (diet cycles) requires 24-h urine samples and has poor patient compliance. Objectives. Test the hypothesis that oral fludrocortisone (0.4 mg per day for 7 days) is a good alternative in identifying salt-sensitive patients. Methodology. We conducted a randomized crossover study with 30 hypertensive individuals comprising the following steps: (1) washout; (2) phase A (low- and high-sodium diet cycles); (3) washout 2; (4) phase B (fludrocortisone test). Phase A and B steps were performed in a random way. Consistent with the literature, we found that 53.3% were salt-sensitive according to the reference test. Using the ROC curve, the fludrocortisone test defined salt sensitivity by a median blood pressure increase of ≥3 mmHg. A good accuracy of fludrocortisone in detecting salt sensitivity was observed (AUC: 0.732±0.065; p<0.001), with 80% sensitivity and 53% specificity. Conclusion. The fludrocortisone test is a good option for screening salt sensitivity in hypertensive patients. However, the low specificity prevents this test from being an ideal substitute to the labor-intensive diet cycles exam in the definition of salt sensitivity. This clinical trial is registered with NCT01453959.
A Compatible OpenFlow Platform for Enabling Security Enhancement in SDN
Authors: Cheng Haosu , Liu Jianwei , Mao Jian , Wang Mengmeng , Chen Jie , Bian Jingdong
Published: November 2018

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a representative next generation network architecture, which allows network administrators to programmatically initialize, control, change, and manage network behavior dynamically via open interfaces. SDN is widely adopted in systems like 5G mobile networks and cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, SDN brings new security problems, e.g., controller hijacking, black-hole, and unauthorized data modification. Traditional firewall or IDS based solutions cannot fix these challenges. It is also undesirable to develop security mechanisms in such an ad hoc manner, which may cause security conflict during the deployment procedure. In this paper, we propose OSCO (Open Security-enhanced Compatible OpenFlow) platform, a unified, lightweight platform to enhance the security property and facilitate the security configuration and evaluation. The proposed platform supports highly configurable cryptographic algorithm modules, security protocols, flexible hardware extensions, and virtualized SDN networks. We prototyped our platform based on the Raspberry Pi Single Board Computer (SBC) hardware and presented a case study for switch port security enhancement. We systematically evaluated critical security modules, which include 4 hash functions, 8 stream/block ciphers, 4 public-key cryptosystems, and key exchange protocols. The experiment results show that our platform performs those security modules and SDN network functions with relatively low computational (extra 2.5% system overhead when performing AES-256 and SHA-256 functions) and networking performance overheads (73.7 Mb/s TCP and 81.2Mb/s UDP transmission speeds in 100Mb/s network settings).
Measuring Sustainable Development Efficiency of Urban Logistics Industry
Authors: Cao Chenglong
Published: November 2018

Logistics plays a basic supporting role in the growth of national economy. However, tail gas, noise, and traffic congestion caused by logistics have a negative impact on the environment. An effective evaluation mechanism for sustainable development of urban logistics industry is necessary. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a common tool for efficiency evaluation. But, DEA has a limited effect on resource allocation in advance because it is ex-post evaluation. It requires input-output indications and the output is after-the-fact data. This defect is particularly prominent in the evaluation of ecological logistics because pollution indicators belong to ex-post output data that threaten the human environment. First prediction and then evaluation is a possible idea. In addition, DEA efficiency ranking does not have a good discrimination due to its coarse granularity. To solve the issues, combining DEA with the Bayes method, we propose an efficiency evaluation model without after-the-fact data, where an efficiency level is predicted and an evaluation value is calculated according to different investment combinations. Then, it is applied to logistics industries of Jiangsu province in China. The results show that our DEA-Bayes method has good discrimination and is easy to operate; a city with geographical advantage and environmental awareness generally gets a higher efficiency score. So the method can help decision makers to allocate resources rationally and further promote the coordinated development of logistics industry.
Ketamine’s Effects on the Glutamatergic and GABAergic Systems: A Proteomics and Metabolomics Study in Mice
Authors: Weckmann Katja , Deery Michael J. , Howard Julie A. , Feret Renata , Asara John M. , Dethloff Frederik , Filiou Michaela D. , Labermaier Christiana , Maccarrone Giuseppina , Lilley Kathryn S. , Mueller Marianne , Turck Christoph W.
Published: November 2018

Ketamine, a noncompetitive, voltage-dependent N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has been shown to have a rapid antidepressant effect and is used for patients experiencing treatment-resistant depression. We carried out a time-dependent targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling analysis combined with a quantitative based on in vivo 15N metabolic labeling proteome comparison of ketamine- and vehicle-treated mice. The metabolomics and proteomics datasets were used to further elucidate ketamine’s mode of action on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic systems. In addition, myelin basic protein levels were analyzed by Western Blot. We found altered GABA, glutamate and glutamine metabolite levels and ratios as well as increased levels of putrescine and serine – 2 positive modulators of the NMDAR. In addition, GABA receptor (GABAR) protein levels were reduced, whereas the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit Gria2 protein levels were increased upon ketamine treatment. The significantly altered metabolite and protein levels further significantly correlated with the antidepressant-like behavior, which was assessed using the forced swim test. In conclusion and in line with previous research, our data indicate that ketamine impacts the AMPAR subunit Gria2 and results in decreased GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission leading to increased excitatory neuronal activity.
Working Memory Function in Children with Single Side Deafness Using a Bone-Anchored Hearing Implant: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Di Stadio Arianna , Dipietro Laura , Toffano Roberta , Burgio Francesca , De Lucia Antonietta , Ippolito Valentina , Garofalo Sabina , Ricci Giampietro , Martines Francesco , Trabalzini Franco , della Volpe Antonio
Published: November 2018

The importance of a good hearing function to preserve memory and cognitive abilities has been shown in the adult population, but studies on the pediatric population are currently lacking. This study aims at evaluating the effects of a bone-anchored hearing implant (BAHI) on speech perception, speech processing, and memory abilities in children with single side deafness (SSD). We enrolled n = 25 children with SSD and assessed them prior to BAHI implantation, and at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups after BAHI implantation using tests of perception in silence and perception in phonemic confusion, dictation in silence and noise, and working memory and short-term memory function in conditions of silence and noise. We also enrolled and evaluated n = 15 children with normal hearing. We found a statistically significant difference in performance between healthy children and children with SSD before BAHI implantation in the scores of all tests. After 3 months from BAHI implantation, the per­formance of children with SSD was comparable to that of healthy subjects as assessed by tests of speech perception, working memory, and short-term memory function in silence condition, while differences persisted in the scores of the dictation test (both in silence and noise conditions) and of the working memory function test in noise condition. Our data suggest that in children with SSD BAHI improves speech perception and memory. Speech rehabilitation may be necessary to further improve speech processing.