bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation method for the resistive current of metal-oxide surge arresters using model parameters solved by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
Authors: Zhao Haidong , Xiao Xinyan , Yang Lanjun
Published: December 2024

Resistive current analysis is a crucial technique for evaluating the operational status of metal-oxide surge arresters (MOSAs). Various precise methods for calculating resistive current have been proposed. However, most existing approaches focus on simulation rather than experimental validation, and comprehensive studies on the performance of these methods in site tests are lacking. This paper introduces a resistive current calculation method based on the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. This method determines the fitting parameters of the MOSA equivalent model using the LM algorithm and then calculates the resistive current based on the solved parameters and voltage waveforms. Experimental validation on a 10 kV arrester demonstrates that the LM algorithm has significant accuracy and speed advantages over heuristic algorithms in parameter estimation. Additionally, while the fundamental components of the resistive current calculated by the LM method are consistent with those obtained by existing current orthogonality and harmonic analysis methods, significant differences are observed in the harmonic components. The resistive current calculated by the proposed method aligns more closely with theoretical expectations, rendering the results more reliable.
Investigation of the impact of different PWM frequencies on DC motor control based on 8051 series microcontroller
Authors: Li Ying
Published: December 2024

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is widely used for controlling electronic signal transmission, particularly in direct current (DC) motor control. This paper focuses on the application of PWM in controlling DC motors. The operating principle of PWM reveals that the frequency plays a crucial role in determining the precision of DC motor control. Generally, higher PWM frequencies result in smoother and more accurate motor operation. However, simulation experiments in this paper indicate that excessively high PWM frequencies can disrupt the linear relationship between control precision and frequency, leading to a significant decrease in motor speed. Based on the experiment conducted under Proteus simulation software and using an 8051 series microcontroller to generate PWM signals at various frequencies, this paper explores the impact of PWM frequency on DC motor speed. The analysis of simulated components demonstrates that at high PWM frequencies, the integrated circuit L293D experiences increased switching losses, and higher power dissipated. Additionally, the self-inductance phenomenon in DC motors becomes more pronounced with high-frequency signal transitions. Both the switching losses and self-inductance ultimately contribute to the reduction in motor speed, compromising control precision.
Simulation research on vehicle suspension control system
Authors: Yang Yuping , Shui Guang , Liu Yuting , Bu Kejian
Published: December 2024

The suspension system functions to transmit forces and moments between the wheels and the chassis, absorb impact forces, and ensure vehicle smoothness. In this study, the nonlinear suspension system was simplified to a two-freedom model. State-space equations for the control system were derived. A simulation model was created using Simulink. Both robust and fuzzy control strategies were applied to assess the control system's performance. Simulation results show that as the vehicle's speed increases, both the sprung and unsprung displacement and velocity responses also increase. The suspension system with fuzzy control shows marginally higher vertical displacement and velocity of the vehicle body compared to the robust control system, indicating that fuzzy control is less effective. In contrast, the state-feedback robust controller exhibits greater robustness.
Research on the sustainable assessment of ecological low-carbon buildings with integrated sandstone energy storage systems
Authors: Zhang Junxue , Asutosh Ashish T.
Published: December 2024

Addressing resource scarcity and climate change, enhancing building energy efficiency, and safeguarding ecological environments can effectively promote socially sustainable development. This paper employs an eco-low-carbon energy method and explores the sustainability analysis of a building system through the integration of modular energy storage units. The research results indicate that the integration of emergy storage units has significantly improved the sustainability of the building system by 56.9%, preliminarily verifying the feasibility of coupling energy storage units with the building system. The preliminary validation of sensitivity also ensures the accuracy of the analysis, providing a new model for the design of novel green building projects.
An innovative model based on the WOA-MLP approach for estimating the state of health of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Zhuohao , Du Baoshuai , Mi Chunxu , Shi Qionglin , Li Haomiao , Wang Kangli , Jiang Kai
Published: December 2024

Lithium-ion batteries typically experience performance degradation during use, which can lead to failures or accidents when aging is severe. Assessing the state of health (SOH) of a battery is essential for refining battery stewardship and upkeep protocols, ensuring its secure and steadfast long-term functionality. Data-driven approaches for estimating the SOH of lithium-ion batteries are advancing swiftly, leading to the development of a novel model, WOA-MLP, for SOH estimation in lithium-ion batteries. Firstly, by analyzing the aging mechanism of lithium-ion batteries and the changing law of the charging voltage curve during the aging process, three health features (HFs), including constant-current (CC) charging time, constant-voltage (CV) charging time and the charging energy of the CC charging process are extracted. Then extracted HFs are inputted into the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) for the estimation of SOH. The hyper-parameters of the MLP are optimized by using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), which comprises the hybrid data-driven model WOA-MLP. Finally, the efficacy of the method introduced is corroborated using a public battery dataset.
Sensorless control of the motor in full-speed range with improved weighted switching strategy
Authors: Fu Hongjun , Lu Dacheng , Zhang Jianzhong , Wu Shuai , Yang Kang , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: December 2024

To achieve sensorless control of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) across the full-speed range, it is necessary to alternate between different rotor position observation methods. In order to smooth the speed-switching process, an improved weighted switching strategy is proposed. This strategy integrates the high-frequency square-wave voltage injection (SWVI) method and the super-twisting sliding mode observation (STSMO) method. By setting up a motor speed transition zone related to the rotor position error and adopting a nonlinear weighting coefficient function, this strategy optimizes the control effect. Simulation results demonstrate that the improved weighted switching strategy enables the smooth transition between SWVI and STSMO methods and minimizes the torque fluctuations generated by high-frequency injected voltage.
Optimization of dissociation efficiency in small linear ion trap mass spectrometer
Authors: Kuang Lvying , Wen Luhong , Chen La
Published: December 2024

Small linear ion trap mass spectrometers are often combined with direct ionization mass spectrometry (DIMS) techniques for detection and analysis. However, DIMS is susceptible to the working environment and matrix effects, resulting in reduced sensitivity, which places high demands on the performance of tandem mass spectrometry of small linear ion trap mass spectrometers. Therefore, the effects of vacuum pressure, collision q-value, collision voltage, and collision time on the dissociation efficiency of the ion trap are experimentally explored in this paper to enhance the performance of tandem mass spectrometry for small linear ion trap mass spectrometers. The findings indicate that as the vacuum pressure increases, dissociation efficiency first increases rapidly and then remains stable, and the peak dissociation efficiency of 56% is attained at a vacuum pressure of 0.31 mTorr. Increasing the collision q value, dissociation efficiency first increased slowly, then increased rapidly, and finally remained almost unchanged. When the collision q value was increased from 0.26 to 0.35, dissociation efficiency increased from 9% to 56%. Meanwhile, the maximum collision voltage corresponding to the optimal dissociation efficiency gradually decreases as the collision q value increases. With the increase in collision time, dissociation efficiency increases rapidly and then remains stable. Therefore, studying the factors affecting dissociation efficiency points the way to enhancing the efficacy of tandem mass spectrometry with small linear ion trap mass spectrometers.
Research of flight test technology of response type on an FBW helicopter
Authors: Yang Wenfeng
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the response type requirements of ACAH (Attitude Command/Attitude Hold) and RCDH (Rate Command/Direction Hold) as specified in the Handling Qualities Requirements for Rotorcraft. It includes a simulation analysis of ACAH and RCDH response types, proposes validation flight test methods, and discusses their successful application in a specific fly-by-wire (FBW) helicopter. The test results demonstrate that these methods are suitable for the research of flight test technology of ACAH and RCDH response types.
Microplastic sampling path planning for unmanned surface vehicle (USV) based on RRT * and Dijkstra fusion algorithm
Authors: Shen Junyi , Fan Jianglong , Chan Tszho
Published: December 2024

Microplastics, an emerging environmental pollutant, have received widespread attention. This paper proposes an RRT* algorithm fused with Dijkstra’s algorithm to assist USV in achieving autonomous path planning for multi-objective points and B-spline smoothing of paths, allowing USV to be used to sample microplastics in the coastline and surface water. The fusion algorithm is also compared to the RRT* and artificial potential field algorithms using two metrics: path length and path smoothing, indicating its superiority in terms of both.
Real-time calibration of magnetometers based on the recursive least squares method
Authors: Ye Jing , Wu Zhiqiang
Published: December 2024

A real-time calibration method for magnetometers based on the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is proposed to address the issues of large data processing and lack of real-time performance in the calibration of magnetometers in complex magnetic environments using the traditional least squares (LS) algorithm. Firstly, an error model for the magnetometer is established. Then, using this error model as the measurement equation, the current measurement value is iterated from the previous measurement value through least squares iteration to update the state parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm was verified by shaking the magnetometer in a “figure-eight” pattern. Experiments have shown that compared with the traditional least squares algorithm, the recursive least squares algorithm requires less data processing and offers faster calculation speed. Compared to LS calibration, the standard deviation of the magnetic vector modulus obtained from RLS calibration decreased by 24.4%, 17.4%, and 23.2% in three different environments, respectively. Additionally, by performing real-time detection and analysis of the state covariance matrix, it was determined that the calibration process is essentially complete after 3500 iterations.
Deep learning-based system for measuring weak electrical signals in plants
Authors: Wei Jiahao , Zheng Enrang
Published: December 2024

Due to the characteristics of plant electrical signals being weak, low-frequency, and susceptible to interference, this study proposes a hardware solution involving silver chloride medical adhesive electrodes and the design of conditioning circuits to amplify the plant electrical signals and reduce noise. On the software side, deep learning algorithms are proposed to extract the voltage values from a self-built plant electrical signal acquisition system. Experiments were conducted on two aloe vera plants grown in different environments. Voltage signals were synchronously collected by using a high-precision digital multimeter with anti-interference capabilities. The measured signals from the system were used as input signals for a 1D-CNN, and the synchronized high-precision digital multimeter measurements served as network labels. The 1D-CNN network was then trained by using deep learning algorithms to fit the voltage values from the acquisition system to those of the high-precision digital multimeter. This approach effectively reduces noise and extracts accurate voltage values in the self-built measurement system. By combining hardware and software, the precision of the measurements is improved, providing a new method for measuring plant electrical signals.
Discussion on the calibration method of gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detector
Authors: Zhou Zhongmu , Xiang Mengdie , Zhang Yajun , Dong Guangxin , Ren Tingting
Published: December 2024

A gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (GC-NCD) is a special analytical instrument for analyzing nitrogen compounds in samples from petroleum, environment, pharmaceutical, and other fields. With the continuous deepening of the research on “nitrogen pollution”, it is necessary to explore the calibration method of GC-NCD in order to ensure the accurate and reliable detection results. On the basis of fully understanding the working principle and structure of GC-NCD, this paper analyzes its main metrological characteristics, analyzes the calibration feasibility with reference to the relevant metrological technical specifications, determines the specific calibration method, which is verified to be reasonable and feasible by experiments, and provides a technical basis for the effective traceability of GC-NCD.
Research on visual/INS integrated navigation technology based on FGO
Authors: Cheng Xun , Wang Yu
Published: December 2024

With the development of science and technology, there is an increasing demand for positioning accuracy in navigation. To make full use of the complementarity of existing navigation systems to improve navigation and positioning accuracy, this paper investigates the visual/INS combined navigation system based on the factor graph optimization (FGO) algorithm. In the traditional visual/INS combined navigation system, there is often the problem of image blurring due to the rapid change of light and shadow captured by the vision sensor and the attitude change of the carrier, which leads to a decrease in the positioning accuracy of the combined navigation system. Therefore, this paper first introduces the Retinex algorithm and BID algorithm to carry out the design of the image deblurring method; then the visual/INS combined navigation algorithm is implemented based on the factor graph optimization method; finally, the experimental scheme is designed, comparative experiments are carried out, and the researched method is verified by using the public dataset. The experimental results show that the combined navigation algorithm realized in this paper has high accuracy, and its positioning accuracy is improved by 40% compared with visual positioning.
Erosion of stainless steel electrodes in a high-repetition-rate gas spark switch
Authors: Feng Le , Liu Sheng , Bu Qinhao , Peng Jianchang , Zhang Qiaogen
Published: December 2024

High-repetition-rate gas spark switches are widely used in the field of nanosecond pulses. A discharge experimental platform has been established to investigate the erosion process of the electrodes in a high-repetition-rate gas spark switch. The surface morphology of the electrodes after different numbers of discharges at a repetition rate of 100 Hz is observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The results show that three different morphologies are presented on the electrode surface. Compared with the anode, the cathode surface has a higher roughness. There are irregular protrusions in the central area of the cathode, and small dot-like protrusions in the central area of the anode. The erosion process of the electrode at a high repetition rate can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, the roughness of the electrode increases with the discharge number. In the second stage, the arithmetic mean deviation of the central area of the cathode is maintained at around 4 μm, and on the central area of the anode, it is maintained at around 1 μm. The maximum profile peak height of the electrode continues to increase with the discharge number. This research has significant implications for the design of long-life gas spark switches.
Fault detection and treatment method of power converter station based on man-machine cooperative intelligence
Authors: Yan Nannan , Feng Jianfeng , Xue Xiangyang , Su Lei , Chen Yan
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency of human operation and maintenance and high cost of resources faced by converter station equipment in the current new power system, this work studies and proposes an intelligent converter station anomaly collaborative processing method. Based on the data set of the existing data structure of the converter station, the operation of the power equipment is monitored by the sensor equipment. According to the abnormal signal and the designed fault analysis technology and knowledge graph, the fault intelligent analysis and fault disposal strategy are realized. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively monitor the abnormal data in the intelligent converter station and realize efficient fault collaborative processing.
Distributed feedback design in heating process control
Authors: Liao Yilong
Published: December 2024

In our paper, we designed a distributed feedback control law for a fluid heating model, which is described by a one-dimensional first-order hyperbolic equation. This equation has a non-local boundary condition with time-delay terms. Further, according to geometric control theory, the distributed feedback control law ensures the exponential stability and the input-output stability in a closed-loop system. Finally, we evaluate the proposed controller performances by solving tracking and disturbance rejection problems through numerical simulation, and we compare the simulation results with the optimal control method.
BP neural network model in forecasting carbon peaking—taking the Yangtze River delta region as an example
Authors: Xing Jun , Huang Zirui , Wang Qiao , Zhang Chuanlin
Published: December 2024

Under the background of the rapid spread of new energy vehicles, we use the BP neural network model to study the relationship between the development of new energy vehicles and the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. We trained a BP neural network model by taking factors such as market ownership, sales volume, and charging facility construction of new energy vehicles as inputs and carbon emission as outputs. Through this model, we successfully forecast the time of carbon peaking in the Yangtze River Delta region to 2036, which provides a scientific basis for policymakers and business decision-makers. Finally, we provide suggestions to the authorities in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Several kinds of integral factors for first order nonlinear ODEs and some parts of their solutions
Authors: Luo Dongsheng , Zhang Lianying , Zhang Peiyong , Deng Hongyong , Liu Xianghu
Published: December 2024

For the first-ordered nonlinear ordinary differential equations, we explore several kinds of integral factors in this paper, where the concrete formulas of the integral factors are acquired, and some of them are applied to solve corresponding nonlinear ordinary differential equations. At first, the sufficient and necessary condition of linearity for ordinary differential equations is proved that the ordinary differential equations are linear if and only if their integral factors only have a unique independent variable. Secondly, for several types of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, their corresponding integral factors formulas are discussed with not the same methods according to their special characters and different structures. Finally, among some of the integral factors, they are applied to complete to solve their matching first-ordered nonlinear ordinary differential equations.
Research on satellite unidirectional random vibration test method based on vibration fatigue equivalence
Authors: Dong Sizhou , Bai Zhaoguang , Wang Shaobo , Liu Zhijia , Chang Jing
Published: December 2024

This article studies the unidirectional random vibration testing method based on vibration fatigue equivalence for batch production satellites, aiming to optimize the mechanical testing project of batch production satellites and reduce satellite development costs. This article first starts from the frequency domain vibration fatigue analysis method and constructs a relationship model between the number of acceleration cycles and the test duration. Then, based on the model of the relationship between the number of acceleration cycles and the duration of the experiment, the response of the satellite in various directions during the noise test was taken as a reference. The random vibration test and the noise test were analyzed for the number of acceleration cycles and the duration of the experiment. Finally, a unidirectional random vibration test method for batch production satellites was obtained.
Backstepping boundary control for the Rayleigh model with a class of boundary conditions
Authors: Chen Jiang
Published: December 2024

This paper presents that a boundary feedback controller is proposed to stabilize the Rayleigh model. Firstly, we transform the initial equation into a second-order hyperbolic equation. Secondly, by using a backstepping integral coordinate transformation, we transform the simplified second-order hyperbolic equation into a stable target system. Meanwhile, a gain kernel equation will be generated during the conversion process. By solving the gain kernel equation, our goal is to design the controller based on information from the gain kernel. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our designed controller.
The inviscid limit of the incompressible micropolar system in ℝ3
Authors: Deng Zicong
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the inviscid limit of Cauchy’s problem of incompressible micropolar system in three dimensions is considered. As various viscosity coefficients go to zero (i.e., ρ → 0,v
→ 0,μ → 0 and η → 0), we prove that the solution converges to a solution that the original equations with zero coefficients of the viscosity.
Research on uncovering parallelism in perfect loop nests for GCC compiler
Authors: Li Haoran , Yan Pengyan , Liu Haohao , Han Lin , Nie Kai , Chen Mengyao
Published: December 2024

To improve the ability to uncover parallelism in perfect loop nests for the GCC compiler, a method that utilizes the lambda transformation technique to uncover potential parallelism is proposed. Based on data references, dependence distance vectors and dependence direction vectors generated during the GIMPLE phase of the GCC compilation process, the GIMPLE form of perfect loop nests is converted into lambda representation in this paper, and the proposed method implements legal transformations on lambda representation for uncovering parallel loops in arbitrary loop nests. This method is integrated into the dependency analysis pass of the GCC compiler and has been experimentally validated on integer and floating-point benchmarks from the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks. The results demonstrate that it can effectively enhance the existing loop analysis capabilities, loop transformation abilities, and loop parallelism uncovering capabilities of GCC. This method provides a reference for research on automatic parallelization techniques and holds practical application value within the GCC compiler.
Diversity of Fungi that Play a Role in Decomposing Rhizophora mucronata Leaf Litter in the Lower Deli River
Authors: Yunasfi  , Sitepu G A , Dalimunthe A , Sembiring S , Lubis S R , Sihotang V M S , Silalahi R A F , Purba JGM
Published: December 2024

Fungi are microorganisms that function as decomposers of R. mucronata leaf litter since they can produce enzymes that can break down cellulose and lignin, which are the main components of leaf and stem cell walls. The study’s goal was to evaluate the decomposition rate of R. mucronata leaves, carbohydrate and protein content, and the kind of fungi that were discovered in the leaf litter. The research procedures included site selection based on salinity levels, collection leaf litter of R. mucronata in the field, data gathering every 15 days, laboratory equipment sterilization used, making PDA media for culturing fungi, and isolation of fungi, identification of fungi. Levels of protein and carbohydrates in degraded R. mucronata litter were analyzed. This study was conducted between August 2023 and January 2024. The following categories of fungi are involved in the rate at which R. mucronata litter decomposes: Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma sp. The diversity index value of fungi that play a role in the decomposition rate of R. mucronata litter is 1.32. R. mucronata litter decomposes at a rate of 9.09 grams/year. The average protein composition of R. mucronata litter is 6.046%, while the average carbohydrate content is 9.412%.
Evaluation of growth and yield of various stevia clones in Batu, Malang
Authors: Heliyanto B , Murianingrum M , Djumali  , Hartati R S S , Purwati R D , Suhara C , Hapsari B D , Parnidi  , Amin S , Sohri M , Mulyani S , Hariyanto D , Utari D , Slamet
Published: December 2024

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a promising sweetener plant with leaves sweeter than sugar, possessing antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. Despite this potential, the absence of high-productivity and high-quality stevia varieties in Indonesia remains a primary challenge. We have obtained several stevia potential clones from previous activities, which now require further evaluation to identify the most promising clone(s) for further assessment. In this study, 11 stevia potential clones were evaluated in a development area in Junggo, Tulungrejo Village, Batu City. The design used was a randomised block design repeated four times. The plot size was 4 m x 1 m, with plant spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm, resulting in 24 plants per plot. The observations included plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry leaves weight, fresh and dry stalk weight and total fresh and dry biomass weight at the first harvest. The results showed that Majalengka, Karanganyar TIA-001B and Garut, are the four potential promising clones, with total dry biomass production in the first harvest ranging from 1575 to 2385 kg per hectare. These clones are thus selected for further evaluation and eventual release as new varieties.
The Survey of leaf blight disease (Exserohilum turcicum) on maize (Zea mays L.) in Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency to contribute the food security sustainability
Authors: Syakira F N , Safni I
Published: December 2024

Leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum is a one of important diseases affecting maize. This leads to yield losses of up to 70% and therefore affect the sustainable food security. The study aim was to determine the distribution of Leaf blight disease caused by the fungus E. turcicum at Sei Glugur Village and Gunung Tinggi Village in Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. This research was exploratory research carried out using a survey method, by calculating the incidence and severity of leaf blight disease on maize plants on four fields in two villages, Sei Glugur Village and Gunung Tinggi Village. The highest disease incidence and disease severity were discovered in Sei Glugur Village, field 2, with an average disease incidence percentage of 83.64% and an average disease severity percentage of 33.15%.
Optimization of golden snail egg liquid organic fertilizer in sweet potato cultivation: towards sustainable agriculture and increased production
Authors: Rahmawati N , Wirayudha F
Published: December 2024

Increasing sweet potato production is often done by applying excessive amounts of chemical fertilizer which causes environmental degradation. The use of liquid organic fertilizer made from golden snail eggs, which are pests, is an alternative to increase sweet potato production while controlling golden snail pests using eco-friendly methods. This research aims to analyse the optimal concentration and time interval for applying golden snail eggs liquid organic fertilizer (GSE-LOF) to increase sweet potato production. Sei Mencirim Village in Deli Serdang Regency served as the research site in August – December 2023. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design, the first factor was concentration of GSE-LOF (0; 37.5; 75 and 112.5 mL/L) and second factor was the time interval of applying (5; 10 and 15 days). Data of the research showed that concentration of GSE-LOF had a noteworthy impact on length and weight of tuber and shoot fresh weight. The time interval for applying GSE-LOF had significant impact on shoot fresh weight. Interaction between concentration and time interval for application of GSE-LOF had a noteworthy impact on the shoot fresh weight. It is recommended to apply GSE-LOF with a concentration of 37.5 mL/L and an application interval of 15 days.
Effect of Lamtoro Leaf Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Chicken Manure on the Growth and Production of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Vinolina N S , Sinaga T
Published: December 2024

Shallots, a high-value horticultural crop, are traditionally cultivated by farmers due to their significant economic importance. The provision of organic fertilizers presents a viable strategy to enhance shallot production while reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. This study investigated the influences of the provision of chicken manure and lamtoro leaf liquid organic fertilizer with various doses on shallot growth. A group randomized design was employed, incorporating two parameters and three repetitions. Parameter I involved chicken manure at doses of CM0 (control), CM1 (10 tons/ha), CM2 (20 tons/ha), and CM3 (30 tons/ha). Parameter II involved lamtoro leaf liquid organic fertilizer at concentrations of LL0 (control), LL1 (10%), LL2 (20%), and LL3 (30%). Data analysis was conducted using multiple statistical methods, and then the multiple range assessment of Duncan was continued at a significance level of 5%. The findings indicated that lamtoro leaf liquid organic fertilizer did not significantly affect all aspects tested. Furthermore, the combination of lamtoro leaf liquid organic fertilizer and chicken manure did not produce significant effects on the shallot growth. However, the giving of chicken manure significantly improved plant length, tuber fresh weight, and bulb dry weight.
Evaluation of the variability yield component characters and kinship relationships of several introduced local gogo rice cultivars
Authors: Wahyuni H , Siregar M N , Fatoni R B M I
Published: December 2024

Rice is a food crop that produces rice and acts as a source of energy for people in Indonesia. Increasing the genetic diversity of rice plants is important for further development in the field of rice plant breeding. The purpose of this study was to find out information about the diversity of yield component characters and kinship relationships of several local gogo rice cultivars introduced from Padang Lawas Regency. This study was conducted using an experimental method without a design. Then continued with the identification of quantitative characters of gogo rice plants. The genetic material used was 19 local upland rice cultivars introduced from Padang Lawas Regency. The study was conducted at the Screen House, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The results of the study showed that all observed yield component characters had diversity because they had different results in each cultivar. The results of the UPGMA phylogenetics showed that the Sibahopotali cultivar had the furthest similarity coefficient value, namely 0.70. Close similarities were found in the Sibahopo Pinang cultivar with Siperak with a coefficient value of 0.90.
Percentage difference in the use of Lamtoro leaf meal on the nutrient content of the Lamtoro mineral block
Authors: Hasanah U , Yunilas  , Desnamrina K C , Utari I
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to determine the difference in the percentage of lamtoro leaf meal use on the nutritional content of lamtoro mineral block (LMB) as a substitute for urea in mineral blocks for ruminants. The production of LMB was carried out with 3 treatments and 3 replicates. T1 was 0% lamtoro leaf meal and 8% urea, T2 was 20% lamtoro and 4% urea and P3 was 40% lamtoro leaf meal and 0% urea. The design used was a complete randomised design. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s further test. The results showed that treatment T1 had the highest crude protein content (P<0.05) compared to T2 and T3 which had a value of 21.49% with the lowest crude fibre content (P<0.05) compared to T2 and T3 with a value of 14.38%. The use of lamtoro leaf meal up to 40% in lamtoro mineral blocks cannot replace urea as a source of minerals, especially nitrogen in the manufacture of mineral blocks for ruminants. It’s because the content of Lamtoro leaves is not only nitrogen, but consists of other nutrients, such as crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, while in urea, 46% of the nutrients are nitrogen.
Factors that influence the aspirations of village youth as determinants of agribusiness sustainability in Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Maryunianta Y , Rahmanta  , Badaruddin
Published: December 2024

The big issue of agricultural sustainability lies in the regeneration (cast change) of farmers to young farmers. Meanwhile, the biggest obstacle to farmer regeneration is the weak aspirations, which of course poses a serious threat to the sustainability of food availability. The aim of this research is to analyze the aspirations of village youth towards agribusiness, analyze the factors that influence the aspirations of village youth towards agribusiness. Locations were selected using the Multi-Stage Purposive Sampling Method. Four sub-districts in Deli Serdang Regency were selected based on their location which borders the Medan City area in the north, east, south, and west, respectively, Hamparan Perak, Tanjung Morawa, Deli Tua and Sunggal. From each of the selected sub-districts, the four largest rice producing villages were identified, and a total of 130 village youth were selected as samples using Accidental Sampling Method. The analytical method used is the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, with ordinal data intervalization using the Successive Interval Method. The research results show that generally village youth (51,6%) from childhood have aspiration to work in agribusiness; the variables that influence the aspirations of village youth as determinants of agribusiness sustainability are parental ambition, social expectations, birth order and personal interests.
Land use conversion challenges and key impacting elements in North Sumatra
Authors: Lindawati  , Harahap R , Asaad M , Zulfida I
Published: December 2024

The fall in harvested land area has not been addressed until now. Increased settlements, industry, and conversion to non-rice crops are projected to put more strain on rice output in the future. Extending agricultural land in the future is becoming increasingly difficult due to continual land conversion, which jeopardizes North Sumatra’s food security. This study aims to investigate the elements that impact the conversion of wet rice land in North Sumatra. The analytical approach employed is Autoregressive Distributed Lag. Variables that have a real effect on the transfer of function of paddy fields in North Sumatra are variables of land use change of paddy fields t-1 (AFL(-1)), land use change of paddy fields t-2 (AFL(-2)), population t-2 (JPD(-2)), GRDP of North Sumatra period t (PDB), GRDP of North Sumatra t-2 (PDB(-2)), number of industries period t (JID), number of industries t-1 (JID(-1)). Variables having a short-term equilibrium with the transfer of function of paddy fields in North Sumatra province include the transfer of function of paddy fields period t-1 (AFL(-1)), GRDP North Sumatra period t (PDB), and the number of industries in North Sumatra period t (JID). No variable has a long-term impact on the function transfer of paddy fields in North Sumatra.
Authentication of arabika and robusta Mandailing coffee based on NIR spectroscopy and PCA method
Authors: Ayu P C , Alfi K , Salsabila A , Sinamo K N , Sebayang N U W
Published: December 2024

Flavor of coffee is influenced by so many factors, from the cultivation, the harvesting to the processing stage. Beside that, the variety will also provide a difference in its flavor and also price. It will be very detrimental, from economic perspective, if there is a mixing between the arabica and robusta coffee in one place. As we know to separate both arabica and robusta beans can not be done in a fast way mechanically. Therefore, a fast, objective and non destructive analysis is needed to be performed in order to address the authenticity issue of coffee beans. This study was using NIR Spesctroscopy and PCA method to classify the coffee based on its variety. Result showed that, both the arabica and robusta coffee beans could be separated 100% without any data pretreatment. This also is strengthen by the chemical data from proximate content which showed that four components showed a significant difference in both coffee varieties.
Statistical equilibria of two-dimensional turbulent flows for generic initial vorticity fields on a sphere, calculated on the basis of the original Miller–Robert–Sommeria theory
Authors: Ryono K , Ishioka K
Published: December 2024

Based on the original Miller–Robert–Sommeria theory, we explicitly compute a statistical equilibrium of two-dimensional turbulent flow on a sphere for a generic initial vorticity field introduced in a previous study. The macroscopic vorticity field corresponding to the obtained statistical equilibrium has a quadrupole structure. The resulting quadrupole structure is topologically consistent with the final state of the long-term time integration of the vorticity equation. However, the statistical equilibrium does not predict the formation of concentrated vortices as seen in the time integration. We also calculate statistical equilibria for the initial vorticity field with a planetary vorticity term, and find a change of statistical equilibria from quadrupole states to zonally symmetric states as the angular velocity of the sphere increases. The quadrupole statistical equilibria show nearly linear relations between the macroscopic vorticity and the macroscopic stream function, implying that higher-order Casimir invariants are virtually ineffective even when all Casimir invariants are considered. The discrepancy between the equilibria and the time integration results emphasizes the importance of mixing barriers, which prevent the relaxation of the evolving vorticity field to the statistical equilibria and allow the point-vortex-like dynamics of coherent vortices to persist.
Formal Siegel modular forms for arithmetic subgroups
Authors: Bruinier Jan , Raum Martin
Published: December 2024

The notion of formal Siegel modular forms for an arithmetic subgroup

Γ
\Gamma

of the symplectic group of genus

n
n

is a generalization of symmetric formal Fourier-Jacobi series. Assuming an upper bound on the affine covering number of the Siegel modular variety associated with

Γ
\Gamma

, we prove that all formal Siegel modular forms are given by Fourier-Jacobi expansions of classical holomorphic Siegel modular forms. We also show that the required upper bound is always met if

2
≤
n
≤
4

2\leq n \leq 4

. As an application we consider the case of the paramodular group of squarefree level and genus

2
2

.
Integrating molecular analyses with the 2021 WHO classification of adult pilocytic astrocytomas
Authors: Moreno-Torres Beatriz , Manzano-Benito Irene , Cantero Diana , Romo Ángel , de Lope Ángel Rodríguez , Mollejo Manuela , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Meléndez Bárbara
Published: December 2024

Pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) are benign grade 1 gliomas according to the World Health Organization (WHO). They are common in children but rare in adults in whom they may have a worse prognosis. Pediatric PAs are usually associated with dysregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, often involving BRAF alterations such as the KIAA1549::BRAF (K-B) fusion or V600E mutation. We investigated the molecular characteristics of adult PA using gene-targeted next-generation sequencing and specific gene tests, including for K-B fusion, TERT promoter, and FGFR1 hotspot mutations. The most frequent molecular alterations detected involved the MAPK pathway, particularly affecting BRAF and NF1 genes (55%). The prevalence of the K-B fusion (>40%) was higher than previously reported, likely due to challenges in detecting it. We identified molecular alterations in some cases that raised the differential diagnosis of other tumor types, revealing limitations in the 2021 WHO classification for adult PA. After removing other diagnostic types that may mimic PA histology, no adult patients with a diagnosis of PA and K-B fusion died after more than 10 years of mean follow-up. These findings suggest that, similar to pediatric cases, PA in adults may be driven by a single molecular hit, where the K-B fusion is not related to poor outcome.
Soldiers and Autocratization. Varieties of Military Roles in Post-Cold War Asia
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Kuehn David
Published: December 2024

This paper analyzes the military’s behavior in seventeen episodes of autocratization in Asia-Pacific since 1991. It presents a conceptualization of military roles in situations of autocratization. The inductive empirical analysis discusses seven variables of military behavior that combine two theoretical perspectives from existing strands of research: military-centric and society-centered explanations. We identify three forms of military behavior as empirically relevant in Asia. Each is characterized by the presence of a distinct combination of four causal factors: incumbent threats to the military’s core interests and a strong praetorian tradition (military-centered variables); and military veto power and a strong ruling party organization (society-centric factors). Other variables, such as a military background of political leaders, elite radicalization and polarized mass mobilization, and internal security and public order as established role of the military cannot account for varieties of military action in episodes of autocratization.
Evaluation of tobacco fungicides and application methods against black shank in North Carolina, 2024
Authors: Ahumada Daisy , Vann Matthew Christopher , Spivey Bryant , Harrell Norman
Published: December 2024

Black shank, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae, is among the most devastating diseases of flue-cured tobacco in tobacco producing regions throughout the world. Symptoms include yellow, wilting, blackening and discing of the pith, and plant death. This report evaluates the efficacy of conventional fungicide programs for the management of black shank. The trial was conducted in 2024 in Johnston County, NC on flue-cured variety ‘NC 196.’ Results from these trials will help advise tobacco growers in developing integrated management programs for this disease.
Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze? Evaluating Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Blockers for Reducing Plant DNA Contamination in 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Authors: Flörl Lena , Bokulich Nicholas A.
Published: December 2024

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of microbial communities frequently results in off-target amplification of the host or environmental DNA, which can lead to substantial data loss. This challenge is particularly pronounced in plant-associated microbiome studies, where commonly used 16S rRNA primers co-amplify mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA. To mitigate this, Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) blockers have been applied to reduce amplification of non-bacterial DNA. However, the actual concentrations used vary highly across different studies and it is not clear whether this affects the retrieved bacterial diversity. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of universal mitochondrial and chloroplast PNA blockers across a range of concentrations and estimated their impact on alpha and beta diversity. We find that already at low concentrations (0.25 µM) PNA blockers efficiently reduce host DNA contamination. Further, they did not have a significant effect on alpha or beta diversity and no bacterial clades appear to be co-inhibited by the addition of PNA blockers. While implementing PNA blockers in PCR protocols requires further optimization, our findings demonstrate that the "juice" (enhanced sequencing depth) is indeed "worth the squeeze" (the additional effort), as PNA blockers are a powerful tool for improving microbial sequencing outcomes.
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells inhibit responses of T follicular helper cells during experimental Plasmodium yoelii infection
Authors: Mo Lengshan , Hong Cansheng , Jiang Zhihan , Zhu Yiqiang , Zhou Lu , Tan Simin , Deng Guorong , Qi Yanwei , Hu Tengfei , Wu Qianlian , Zhao Yi , Qiu Huaina , Liang Taizhen , Lin Peibin , Zhang Jian , Ma Xiancai , Yang Quan
Published: December 2024

Malaria remains a significant global public health problem. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells, have the capacity to regulate B cells, plasma cells, and antibody production, among other functions. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) possess strong immunosuppressive abilities and can negatively regulate various immune responses. However, the role of MDSCs in inhibiting Tfh‐cell responses during Plasmodium infection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of MDSCs on Tfh cell‐mediated immune responses upon Plasmodium infection. We found that the numbers of MDSCs increased upon Plasmodium infection. Further mechanism study revealed that MDSC‐derived Arg‐1 and PD‐L1 prevented Tfh cell proliferation and activation. Conversely, the addition of nor‐NOHA or anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies enhanced the proliferation and activation of Tfh cells, indicating that the inhibitory effect of MDSCs on Tfh cells was dependent on Arg‐1 and PD‐1/PD‐L1. In vivo depletion of MDSCs enhanced Tfh‐cell responses and antibody production, as well as relieved symptoms of infected mice and improved their survival rates. These findings provide insights into the immunosuppressive role of MDSCs in inhibiting Tfh cell immune responses and further impairing humoral immunity. Our study provides new strategies for malaria prevention and control.