bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase-resolved spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing black hole X-ray binary M33 X-7: System properties, accretion, and evolution
Authors: Ramachandran V. , Oskinova L. M. , Hamann W.-R. , Sander A. A. C. , Todt H. , Pauli D. , Shenar T. , Torrejón J. M. , Postnov K. A. , Blondin J. M. , Bozzo E. , Hainich R. , Massa D.
Published: August 2022

M33 X-7 is the only known eclipsing black hole high mass X-ray binary. The system is reported to contain a very massive O supergiant donor and a massive black hole in a short orbit. The high X-ray luminosity and its location in the metal-poor galaxy M33 make it a unique laboratory for studying the winds of metal-poor donor stars with black hole companions and it helps us to understand the potential progenitors of black hole mergers. Using phase-resolved simultaneous HST- and XMM-Newton-observations, we traced the interaction of the stellar wind with the black hole. We observed a strong Hatchett-McCray effect in M33 X-7 for the full range of wind velocities. Our comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of the donor star (X-ray+UV+optical) yields new stellar and wind parameters for the system that differ significantly from previous estimates. In particular, the masses of the components are considerably reduced to ≈38 M⊙ for the O-star donor and ≈11.4 M⊙ for the black hole. The O giant is overfilling its Roche lobe and shows surface He enrichment. The donor shows a densely clumped wind with a mass-loss rate that matches theoretical predictions. An extended ionization zone is even present during the eclipse due to scattered X-ray photons. The X-ray ionization zone extends close to the photosphere of the donor during inferior conjunction. We investigated the wind-driving contributions from different ions and the changes in the ionization structure due to X-ray illumination. Toward the black hole, the wind is strongly quenched due to strong X-ray illumination. For this system, the standard wind-fed accretion scenario alone cannot explain the observed X-ray luminosity, pointing toward an additional mass overflow, which is in line with our acceleration calculations. The X-ray photoionization creates an He II emission region around the system emitting ∼1047 ph s−1. We computed binary evolutionary tracks for the system using MESA. Currently, the system is transitioning toward an unstable mass transfer phase, possibly resulting in a common envelope of the black hole and the O-star donor. Since the mass ratio is q ≳ 3.3 and the period is short, the system is unlikely to survive the common envelope, but will rather merge.
Stand der Technik in der Radiopharmazie
Authors: Wurzer Alexander , Nekolla Stephan G. , D’Alessandria Calogero
Published: August 2022

Die wachsende Zahl potenzieller Radioisotope und die steigende Nachfrage nach Radiopharmazeutika (RP) für Bildgebung- und Therapiezwecke haben dazu geführt, dass ihre biomedizinische Anwendung im modernen Gesundheitswesen immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt. Die nuklearmedizinische Technologie wird heute als ein wesentliches Instrument für Diagnose, Palliation, Therapie und theranostische Anwendungen angesehen. Die damit verbundene Produktion unter Einhaltung der guten Herstellungspraxis (GMP) und Fragen der Strahlensicherheit müssen in Form von angemessenen Regulierungsmaßnahmen hervorgehoben werden, um ihren sicheren und wirksamen Einsatz zu gewährleisten. Die RP ziehen aufgrund ihrer pharmazeutischen und radioaktiven Bestandteile die Aufmerksamkeit sowohl der pharmazeutischen als auch der gesundheitstechnischer Aufsichtsbehörden auf sich. Diese Arbeit gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die RP und die jüngsten Studien zur diagnostischen, therapeutischen und theranostischen Anwendung. Die vorliegende Arbeit erörtert die Bedeutung von RP im aktuellen Gesundheitsbereich, ihre jüngsten Anwendungen und bemüht sich, die Bedeutung eines harmonisierten Regelwerkes hervorzuheben.
Complication Management and Prevention in Vascular and non-vascular Interventions
Authors: Weiss Daniel , Wilms Lena Marie , Ivan Vivien Lorena , Vach Marius , Loberg Christina , Ziayee Farid , Kirchner Julian , Schimmöller Lars , Antoch Gerald , Minko Peter
Published: August 2022

Purpose This overview summarizes key points of complication management in vascular and non-vascular interventions, particularly focusing on complication prevention and practiced safety culture. Flowcharts for intervention planning and implementation are outlined, and recording systems and conferences are explained in the context of failure analysis. In addition, troubleshooting by interventionalists on patient cases is presented.

Material and Methods The patient cases presented are derived from our institute. Literature was researched on PubMed.

Results Checklists, structured intervention planning, standard operating procedures, and opportunities for error and complication discussion are important elements of complication management and essential for a practiced safety culture.

Conclusion A systematic troubleshooting and a practiced safety culture contribute significantly to patient safety. Primarily, a rational and thorough error analysis is important for quality improvement.

Key Points:

Citation Format
Tuberkulose bei Kindern und Jugendlichen unter Therapie mit TNF-α-Inhibitoren
Authors: Feiterna-Sperling Cornelia
Published: August 2022

Aufgrund des erhöhten Risikos einer Tuberkulose beim Einsatz von Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor (TNF)-α-Inhibitoren in der Therapie der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis und anderer chronisch-entzündlicher Erkrankungen soll bei allen Kindern und Jugendlichen vor Beginn einer Therapie mit TNF-α-Inhibitoren eine Tuberkulose ausgeschlossen werden und ein Screening auf das Vorliegen einer latenten tuberkulösen Infektion erfolgen. Das Screening beinhaltet eine sorgfältige Anamnese, die Durchführung eines Interferon-Gamma-Release-Assays und/oder Tuberkulin-Hauttests sowie eine Röntgen-Thorax-Aufnahme bei einem positiven Testresultat und/oder klinischem Hinweis auf eine Tuberkulose. Eine präventive Therapie der latenten tuberkulösen Infektion soll mit Isoniazid und Rifampicin über 3 Monate oder alternativ mit Isoniazid für 9 Monate durchgeführt werden.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): ähnlich und doch ganz anders als das Kawasaki-Syndrom
Authors: Kieser Patricia , Schell Miriam
Published: August 2022

Im Zeitraum vom 10. November 2020 bis zum 26. Dezember 2021 wurden im Katholischen Kinderkrankenhaus Wilhelmstift in Hamburg sechs Kinder mit MIS-C behandelt. Mögliche Differenzialdiagnosen wie das Kawasaki-Syndrom (KS), Toxisches Schocksyndrom sowie die Hämophagozytische Lymphohistiozytose konnten unter anderem durch den Nachweis einer positiven SARS-CoV-2-Serologie ausgeschlossen werden. Anders als beim KS sind Kinder mit MIS-C älter und fallen durch eine führende kardiale und abdominelle Symptomatik auf. Eine mit ventrikulärer Dysfunktion einhergehende Kreislaufinstabilität macht in der Regel eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung notwendig. Trotz des schweren Krankheitsverlaufs ist die MIS-C-Erkrankung unter adäquater Therapie (intravenöse Immunglobuline, Methylprednisolon, Azetylsalizylsäure sowie hämodynamischer Support) mit einer guten Prognose verbunden.
IMPORTANCE of PRETREATMENT 18F-FDG PET/CT TEXTURE ANALYSIS in PREDICTING EGFR and ALK MUTATION in PATIENTS with NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Authors: Agüloğlu Nurşin , Aksu Ayşegül , Akyol Murat , Katgı Nuran , Doksöz Tuğçe Çiftçi
Published: August 2022

Objective Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation types is of great importance before treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Radiomics is a new strategy for noninvasively predicting the genetic status of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the predictive power of 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomic features for mutational status before treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to develop a predictive model based on radiomic features.

Methods Images of patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for initial staging with the diagnosis of NSCLC between January 2015 and July 2020 were evaluated using LIFEx software. The region of interest (ROI) of the primary tumor was established and volumetric and textural features were obtained. Clinical data and radiomic data were evaluated with machine learning (ML) algorithms to create a model.

Results For EGFR mutation prediction, the most successful machine learning algorithm obtained with GLZLM_GLNU and clinical data was Naive Bayes (AUC: 0.751, MCC: 0.347, acc: 71.4%). For ALK rearrangement prediction, the most successful machine learning algorithm obtained with GLCM_correlation, GLZLM_LZHGE and clinical data was evaluated as Naive Bayes (AUC: 0.682, MCC: 0.221, acc: 77.4%).

Conclusions In our study, we created prediction models based on radiomic analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT images. Tissue analysis with ML algorithms are non-invasive methods for predicting ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutation status in NSCLC, which may be useful for targeted therapy selection in a clinical setting.
Update Biometrie und Linsenberechnung – ein Review zu Grundlagen und neuen Entwicklungen
Authors: Wendelstein Jascha , Kohnen Thomas , Casazza Marina , Heath Michael , Riaz Kamran M. , Cooke David L. , Hoffmann Peter , Langenbucher Achim
Published: August 2022

Die gewissenhafte Kunstlinsenberechnung stellt heutzutage einen wichtigen Schritt im Patientenmanagement dar. Neben den klassischen theoretisch-optischen Formeln gibt es eine Vielzahl neuer
Ansätze, die zumeist als Internetberechnungsmodul zur Verfügung stehen. Dieses Review hat zum Ziel, die Hintergründe der Kunstlinsenberechnung zu erklären und ein Update über
Studienergebnisse mit den neuesten Berechnungsansätzen zu geben. Die optische Biometrie liefert heutzutage die Berechnungsgrundlage für den Einsatz von theoretisch-optischen Formeln,
Raytracing aber auch empirischen Ansätzen mit künstlicher Intelligenz. Herstellerangaben zum IOL-Design und der im Rahmen der Qualitätskontrolle erfassten IOL-Stärke könnten speziell bei
hohen IOL-Stärken die Berechnung verbessern. Weiteres Verbesserungspotenzial ist bei der Angabe der Achslänge bis zum retinalen Pigmentepithel und Sum-of-Segments-Ansatz mit den heutigen
Messdaten möglich. Die Hornhaut kann mit den zur Verfügung stehenden Daten als dicke Linse gerechnet werden. Die Kane-Formel, EVO-2.0-Formel, Castrop-Formel, PEARL-DGS-Formel und die
Berechnung mittels OKULIX-Software liefern reproduzierbar gute Ergebnisse bei der Kunstlinsenberechnung. Hiermit können zumindest bei hochselektierten Studienkollektiven exzellente
Refraktionsergebnisse mit etwa 80% innerhalb eines absoluten Vorhersagefehlers von 0,50 dpt erzielt werden. Auch die Barrett-Universal-II-Formel erzielt formidable Ergebnisse im normalen und
langen Achslängenbereich. Bei Augen mit kurzen Achslängen sollte der Einsatz der Barrett Universal II überdacht werden und eine der zuvor genannten Methoden präferiert werden. Ein Second Eye
Refinement kann in diesem Patientengut auch in Verbindung mit den etablierten klassischen Formeln der 3. Generation erwogen werden.
Biometry and Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in Eyes with Prior Laser Vision Correction (LVC) – A Review
Authors: Wendelstein Jascha , Heath Michael , Riaz Kamran M. , Seiler Theo , Cooke David L. , Langenbucher Achim , Hoffmann Peter , Kohnen Thomas
Published: August 2022

Background An intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in eyes that have undergone laser vision correction (LVC) poses a significant clinical issue in regards to both patient expectation
and accuracy. This review aims to describe the pitfalls of IOL power calculation after LVC and give an overview of the current methods of IOL power calculation after LVC.

Review Problems after LVC derive from the measurement of anterior corneal radii, central corneal thickness, asphericity, and the predicted effective lens position. A central issue is
that most conventional 3rd generation formulas estimate lens position amongst other parameters on keratometry, which is altered in post-LVC eyes.

Conclusion An IOL power calculation results in eyes with prior LVC that are notably impaired in eyes without prior surgery. Effective corneal power including anterior corneal
curvature, posterior corneal curvature, CCT (central corneal thickness), and asphericity is essential. Total keratometry in combination with the Barrett True-K, EVO (emmetropia verifiying
optical formula), or Haigis formula is relatively uncomplicated and seems to provide good results, as does the Barrett True-K formula with anterior K values. The ASCRS ( American Society of
Cataract and Refractive Surgery) calculator combines results of various formulae and averages results, which allows a direct comparison between the different methods. Tomography-based
raytracing and the Kane and the Castrop formulae need to be evaluated by future studies.
Vom Aussterben bedroht? – Eine Demografie der Nuklearmedizin in Deutschland 1996–2021 anhand der Zahlen der Bundesärztekammer
Authors: Freudenberg Lutz S , Freudenberg Ben J , Klett Rigobert , Herrmann Ken
Published: August 2022

Einleitung Die demografische Entwicklung in Deutschland führt zu einem ärztlichen Nachwuchsmangel. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, aus den von der Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) veröffentlichten Ärztestatistiken der letzten 25 Jahre die Entwicklung und den aktuellen demografischen Status der Nuklearmedizin in Deutschland darzustellen und deren Konsequenzen aufzuzeigen.

Materialien und Methoden Die seit 1996 von der BÄK jährlich veröffentlichten Zahlen der ärztlichen Versorgung in Deutschland wurden systematisch im Hinblick auf die Altersentwicklung und die Geschlechterverteilung in den Fächern Nuklearmedizin, Radiologie und Strahlentherapie zusammengefasst und mit einer deskriptiven Statistik ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Anzahl der berufstätigen Fachärzt*innen hat sich von 1996–2021 in der Nuklearmedizin um 114% erhöht mit einer deutlichen Verschiebung der Altersstruktur in die älteren Altersgruppen: 2021 lag der Anteil der Ärzt*innen unter 40 Jahren bei 13,0% in der Nuklearmedizin und bei 21,0% in der Radiologie und derjenige Anteil über 60 Jahren bei 27,1% in der Nuklearmedizin und bei 22,3% in der Radiologie. Der Anteil an Frauen lag im Jahr 2021 in der Medizin insgesamt bei 48,5%, in der Nuklearmedizin, Radiologie und Strahlentherapie bei 34,4%, 37,1% bzw. 48,0%.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Fachärzt*innen in der Nuklearmedizin sind 2021 deutlich älter als diejenigen in der Strahlentherapie und Radiologie, und der Anteil von Frauen ist unterdurchschnittlich. Wenn die Nuklearmedizin als eigenständiges Fach ihrer klinischen Verantwortung gerecht werden will und eigenständig bestehen bleiben möchte, müssen die Bemühungen vor allem um den weiblichen medizinischen Nachwuchs in der nuklearmedizinischen Gemeinschaft eine maximale Priorität bekommen.
Early Gestational Diabetes Screening Based on ACOG Guidelines
Authors: Champion Macie L. , Jauk Victoria C. , Biggio Joseph R. , Sychowski Jeff M. , Tita Alan T. , Harper Lorie M.
Published: August 2022

Objective A recent randomized controlled trial suggested that early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening in patients with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) does not improve perinatal outcomes. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology currently recommends early screening for gestational diabetes in patients who are overweight with one or more additional risk factors. We evaluated the effect of screening based on the number of additional risk factors for development of gestational diabetes.

Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of obese patients with singleton nonanomalous fetuses comparing early (14–20 weeks' gestation) with routine (24–28 weeks' gestation) GDM screening. Exclusion criteria were pregestational diabetes, major medical illnesses, bariatric surgery, chronic steroid use, and prior cesarean. Early versus routine GDM screening groups were compared and stratified by the number of additional risk factors for GDM (0, 1, 2, and ≥3). The primary outcome was an adverse perinatal composite outcome composed of: macrosomia, primary cesarean delivery, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, shoulder dystocia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Analyses examined effects of early versus routine screening by the number of additional risk factors and their possible interaction on the incidences of the primary outcome and GDM.

Results Of 913 patients, 5% had 0, 52% had 1, 33% had 2, and 10% had ≥3 additional risk factors. Baseline characteristics, including the number and type of risk factors, were similar between early and routine screening groups. Breslow–Day test for interaction between early versus routine screening and the number of additional risk factors was not significant for either the primary outcome (p = 0.37) or the diagnosis of GDM (p = 0.28). The incidence of GDM and the adverse perinatal composite outcome increased as the number of risk factors increased (p < 0.001).

Conclusion In patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and additional risk factors, early GDM screening does not prevent adverse outcomes.

Key Points
Effect of Lockdown Period of COVID-19 Pandemic on Maternal Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes, and Newborn Birth Weight
Authors: Collins-Smith Ana , Prasannan Lakha , Shan Weiwei , Dori Ezra , Katzow Michelle , Blitz Matthew J.
Published: August 2022

Objective This study aimed to determine whether the lockdown period of the initial novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surge in New York affected gestational weight gain (GWG), newborn birth weight (BW), and the frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maternal and newborn outcomes during the first wave of the pandemic were compared with those during the same timeframe in the previous 2 years.

Study Design Retrospective cross-sectional study of all live singleton term deliveries from April 1 to July 31 between 2018 and 2020 at seven hospitals within a large academic health system in New York. Patients were excluded for missing data on: BW, GWG, prepregnancy body mass index, and gestational age at delivery. We compared GWG, GDM, and BW during the pandemic period (April–July 2020) with the same months in 2018 and 2019 (prepandemic) to account for seasonality. Linear regression was used to model the continuous outcomes of GWG and BW. Logistic regression was used to model the binary outcome of GDM.

Results A total of 20,548 patients were included in the study: 6,672 delivered during the pandemic period and 13,876 delivered during the prepandemic period. On regression analysis, after adjustment for study epoch and patient characteristics, the pandemic period was associated with lower GWG (β = −0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.87 to −0.05), more GDM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–1.39), and no change in newborn BW (β = 0.03, 95% CI: −11.7 to 11.8) compared with the referent period. The largest increases in GDM between the two study epochs were noted in patients who identified as Hispanic (8.6 vs. 6.0%; p < 0.005) and multiracial/other (11.8 vs. 7.0%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion The lockdown period of the pandemic was associated with a decrease in GWG and increase in GDM. Not all groups were affected equally. Hispanic and multiracial patients experienced a larger percentage change in GDM compared with non-Hispanic white patients.

Key Points
Obstacles to Optimal Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration to Eligible Patients
Authors: Rood Kara M. , Ugwu Lynda G. , Grobman William A. , Bailit Jennifer L. , Wapner Ronald J. , Varner Michael W. , Thorp John M. , Caritis Steve N. , Tita Alan T. N. , Saade George R. , Rouse Dwight J. , Blackwell Sean C. , Tolosa Jorge E. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: August 2022

Objective Administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ANCS) is recommended for individuals expected to deliver between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Properly timed administration of ANCS achieves maximal benefit. However, more than 50% of individuals receive ANCS outside the recommended window. This study aimed to examine maternal and hospital factors associated with suboptimal receipt of ANCS among individuals who deliver between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation.

Study Design Secondary analysis of the Assessment of Perinatal Excellence (APEX), an observational study of births to 115,502 individuals at 25 hospitals in the United States from March 2008 to February 2011, was conducted. Data from 3,123 individuals who gave birth to a nonanomalous live-born infant between 240/7 to 340/7 weeks of gestation, had prenatal records available at delivery, and data available on the timing of ANCS use were included in this analysis. Eligible individuals' ANCS status was categorized as optimal (full course completed >24 hours after ANCS but not >7 days before birth) or suboptimal (none, too late, or too early). Maternal and hospital-level variables were compared using optimal as the referent group. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression models, with site as a random effect, were used to identify maternal and hospital-level characteristics associated with optimal ANCS use.

Results Overall, 83.6% (2,612/3,123) of eligible individuals received any treatment: 1,216 (38.9%) optimal and 1,907 (61.1%) suboptimal. Within suboptimal group, 495 (15.9%) received ANCS too late, 901 (28.9%) too early, and 511 (16.4%) did not receive any ANCS. Optimal ANCS varied depending on indication for hospital admission (p < 0.001). Individuals who were admitted with intent to deliver were less likely to receive optimal ANCS while individuals admitted for hypertensive diseases of pregnancy were most likely to receive optimal ANCS (10 vs. 35%). The median gestational age of individuals who received optimal ANCS was 31.0 weeks. Adjusting for hospital factors, hospitals with electronic medical records and who receive transfers have fewer eligible individuals who did not receive ANCS. ANCS administration and timing varied substantially by hospital, optimal frequencies ranged from 9.1 to 51.3%, and none frequencies from 6.1 to 61.8%. When evaluating variation by hospital site, models with maternal and hospital factors did not explain any of the variation in ANCS use.

Conclusion Optimal ANCS use varied by maternal and hospital factors and by hospital site, indicating opportunities for improvement.

Key Points
Bedside Ultrasound for Early Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Oulego-Erroz Ignacio , Rodríguez-Fanjul Javier , Terroba-Seara Sandra , Sorribes-Orti Clara , Fernandez-Fernández David , Fuentes-Martínez Silvia , Pou-Blázquez Álvaro
Published: August 2022

Objective This study aimed to assess whether bedside ultrasound (BUS) as the first imaging modality allows an earlier diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) compared with abdominal radiography.

Study Design A before–after controlled study in preterm infants with suspected NEC. The intervention group (October 2019–October 2021) received BUS as the first imaging modality and was managed accordingly to BUS findings. The control group (October 2015–September 2019) received radiography as the first imaging modality. The main outcome was NEC confirmation at the time of initial imaging. Secondary outcomes included time to diagnosis, laboratory data, and treatment requirements.

Results Thirty-five episodes of suspected NEC with 14 (40%) confirmed NEC cases and 49 episodes of suspected NEC with 22 (44.9%) confirmed NEC cases were included in the intervention and control groups, respectively. In the intervention group, 11 of 14 (78.6%) NEC cases were confirmed at initial evaluation compared with 5 of 22 (22.7%) in the control group (p = 0.001). Infants in the intervention group developed thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy less frequently, were exposed to less radiation, and required less days of parenteral nutrition compared with the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The use of BUS as the first imaging modality allowed an earlier diagnosis and timely treatment of NEC compared with abdominal radiography.

Key Points
Detection of Global Brain Injury Using Point-of-Care Neonatal MRI Scanner
Authors: Bin-Nun Alona , Kasirer Yair , Abu-Ata Nadeen , Rosenbaum Debra , Cytter-Kuint Ruth , Hammerman Cathy , Ben-David Eliel
Published: August 2022

Background Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuroimaging of infants is complicated by the need to transport infants outside the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), often to distant areas of the hospital.

Primary Objective The main aim of this study was to evaluate and compare scoring of images from a novel 1T MRI, which enables neuroimaging within the NICU, with those from a conventional MRI.

Secondary Objective The second aim of this study was to document improved expediency, and thereby greater patient safety, as reflected by decreased transport time.

Materials and Methods Thirty premature infants (mean gestational age: 28.8 ± 2.1 weeks) were scanned consecutively on the novel 1T and 1.5T conventional scanners at term-equivalent age. Orthogonal T1- and T2-weighted images were acquired and reviewed. A global brain abnormality score (Kidokoro) was assigned independently to all images by two radiologists. Interrater agreement was evaluated using the kappa statistic and interscanner agreement was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis. Transport time to and from both scanners was monitored and compared.

Results Weighted kappas were 0.77 (standard error of measurement [SEM] 0.08; confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.92) and 0.86 (SEM: 0.07; CI: 0.73–1), for the 1T and 1.5T scanners, respectively, reflecting substantial interrater agreement. Bland–Altman analysis showed excellent agreement between the two scanners.

Transport time was 8 ± 6 minutes for the 1T MRI versus 46 ± 21 minutes for the conventional MRI (p < 0.00001). No adverse events were recorded during transport. Standard transport times will vary from institution to institution.

Conclusion Kidokoro scores are similar when comparing images obtained from a 1T MRI with those of a conventional 1.5T MRI, reflecting comparable image quality. Transport time was significantly decreased using the 1T neonatal MRI.
Cluster Preface: Organic Chemistry in Thailand
Authors: Wacharasindhu Sumrit
Published: August 2022

This SYNLETT cluster highlights research work conducted in universities across Thailand. As a country rich in biodiversity, chemical research in Thailand was originally founded on the study of natural products. The discovery and development of novel, biologically active agents has contributed to drug discovery and advanced the development of novel compounds.1 Since the 1990s, the growth of petrochemical industries in Southeast Asia has spurred chemical research on synthetic methodologies, the creation of high-value compounds from petroleum-based starting materials and polymer sciences. The results have led to significant economic and strategic advantages that have enabled the competitiveness of local petrochemical industries. Moving into the new era, Thailand and the region faces global sustainability challenges. Green chemistry has also become a key theme for driving chemical research, which is expected to help in generating new ideas and innovations to deliver a more sustainable society. This cluster contains 27 articles that have been submitted from 12 different Thai universities. The articles are organized into 3 main themes, as outlined below.
Ear Keloids Treated with Postoperative Electrons: A Case Series
Authors: Vats Pankaj , Sarin Arti , Mukundan Hari , Tyagi Kirti , Mukherjee Deboleena , Vishwanath G
Published: August 2022

Introduction Multiple modalities exist for treating keloids ranging from surgical, medical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation therapy. Different techniques of radiation therapy have been used to treat keloids as an adjuvant to surgical excision. With this case series, we report our experience of using electron beam radiation therapy in this setting.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 16 ear keloids treated in 10 patients from January 2013 to October 2015 with surgical excision followed by electron beam to a dose of 10 Gy in two fractions over two consecutive days in immediate postoperative period. Patients were evaluated for recurrent lesions, cosmesis, and adverse effects.

Results With a median follow-up of 78 months (range: 67–100 months), recurrent lesion was seen in five cases; a local control rate of 68.75% was seen. Median recurrence-free period was 67 months (range: 12–100 months). Acceptable cosmesis was seen in all cases and no acute or chronic adverse effects were seen.

Conclusion The large follow-up period in our series establishes the role of electron beam radiation therapy in attaining long-term control in keloid patients. The lower total dose with higher dose per fraction used in our patients has acceptable control along with good cosmesis and absent adverse effects.
Histopathological Profile of Central Nervous System Tumors in a Peripheral Tertiary Care Centre of West Bengal
Authors: Bhattacharya Shubham , Maiti Barnali , Konar Karabi
Published: August 2022

Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) tumor incidence is very low in comparison to other organ neoplasm. Recent increase in the incidence may be due to exposure of the population to various risk factors, genetic mutation, or improved diagnosis with advancement in diagnostic modalities. This study aims to observe the histopathological spectrum of CNS tumors with their clinical profile and basic demography at a single center in a peripheral region in West Bengal.

Material and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology, Gouridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital (GIMSH), Durgapur, West Bengal, over a period of 2 years from October 2018 to September 2020 on CNS tumors. Basic demographic data, tumor site, and histopathological profile were obtained from medical records and further analyzed and graded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.

Result Among 42 cases of CNS tumors, 29 cases were from different regions of the brain and 13 cases were from the spinal cord, with a male to female ratio (1.21:1); the commonest age group was the sixth decade and most common tumor was meningioma, followed by astrocytic tumors.

Conclusion The present study helps provide information regarding the burden of disease in our area. Despite the use of modern imaging techniques that help in the provisional diagnosis of disease, histological examination is the gold standard in diagnosis of varied types.
Incidental Findings on 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT for Parathyroid Imaging
Authors: Broos Wouter A.M. , Knol Remco J.J. , Zant Friso M. van der , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Wondergem Maurits
Published: August 2022

Introduction 18F-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an upcoming imaging technique for the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. However, 18F-choline is a nonspecific tracer that also accumulates in malignancies, inflammatory lesions, and several other benign abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and relevance of incidental findings on 18F-choline PET/CT for parathyroid localization.

Materials and Methods 18F-choline PET/CTs performed in our center for parathyroid localization from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. Abnormal uptake of 18F-choline, with or without anatomical substrate on the co-registered low-dose CT and also incidental findings on CT without increased 18F-choline uptake were recorded. Each finding was correlated with follow-up data from the electronic medical records.

Results A total of 388 18F-choline PET/CTs were reviewed, with 247 incidental findings detected in 226 patients (58%): 82 18F-choline positive findings with corresponding pathology on CT, 16 without CT substrate, and 149 18F-choline negative abnormalities on CT. Malignant lesions were detected in 10/388 patients (2.6%). Of all 98 detected 18F-choline positive lesions, 15 were malignant (15.3%), concerning 4 metastases and 11 primary malignancies: breast carcinoma (n = 7), lung carcinoma (n = 2), thyroid carcinoma (n = 1), and skin melanoma (n = 1).

Conclusion Clinically relevant incidental findings were observed in a substantial number of patients. In 15.3% of the incidental 18F-choline positive findings, the lesions were malignant. These data contribute to better knowledge of 18F-choline distribution, enhance interpretation of 18F-choline PET/CT, and guide follow-up of incidental findings. Attention should especially be paid to breast lesions in this particular patient group with hyperparathyroidism in which women are typically over-represented.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Pediatric Population in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chopra Parul , Shekhar Sudhanshu , Dagar Vikas Karamchand , Pandey Shivam
Published: August 2022

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) is a major healthcare challenge in the pediatric age group affecting poor and deprived parts of our community. The main species that infect people are roundworm (AL, Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (TT, Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (HW, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus). We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of STH infections in India in the pediatric age group (< 18 years) and assess the risk factors associated with STH in this age group. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) up to February 16, 2021 with deliberate and inclusive search terms for original research articles estimating the prevalence of either of the three STH in India. Data extracted included individual prevalence of the three STH, prevalence of double or triple infections, and associated risk factors.

We identified systematically 1,408 publications, of which 44 were included for the final analysis, including studies from 20 states covering 34,590 children. In our study, the prevalence of AL ranged from 0.8 to 91% with a pooled prevalence of 25%, prevalence of TT ranged from 0.3 to 72% with a pooled prevalence of 13%, and for HW prevalence ranged from 0.2 to 80% with pooled prevalence of 10%. Two most important risk factors with higher odds ratio were open defecation practices or open latrine (odds ratio: 5.2) and washing hands without soap using water only (odds ratio: 2.49). Knowledge of areas with high prevalence of STH and associated risk factors would help in designing effective control strategies in the high-risk groups to prevent infection and aid in a drastic reduction of morbidity in children.
Low-Dose Heparin Protocol in Type A Aortic Dissection Surgeries
Authors: Mavioglu Levent , Karahan Mehmet , Unal Ertekin Utku , Celikten Ayla Ece , Demir Asli , Iscan Hakki Zafer , Ozatik Mehmet Ali
Published: August 2022

Objective We aim to compare the heparin dose regimen in terms of bleeding, reoperation rate due to severe bleeding, and the amount of transfusion of the blood products in patients who underwent surgery for type A aortic dissection (TAAD).

Materials and Methods Between January 2018 and August 2021, 90 adult patients who underwent for TAAD were included. Primary outcome measures were postoperative bleeding amount and blood product transfusion requirements. Two different protocols performed in TAAD surgery in our clinic. In this pre- and postimplementation study, before October 2019, the standard-dose heparin protocol (SH group) was used and after November 2019, the low-dose heparin protocol (LH group) was used and two groups were compared. Mechanical ventilation duration, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay, postoperative drainage volumes, blood product transfusions, reoperations due to bleeding, and in-hospital mortality rates were recorded.

Results The dosages of heparin and activated clotting time values, as well as the additional heparin requirement, were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.001). Standard-dose heparinization was needed only in 33.3% of patients in the LH group. In the SH group, postoperative total drainage and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were significantly higher than the LH group (p = 0.036 and p = 0.046, respectively).

Conclusion We found that the low-dose heparin regimen resulted in significantly less postoperative total drainage and RBC transfusion requirement in patients who underwent for TAAD.
The effects of psychological capital on citizens’ willingness to participate in food safety social co-governance in China
Authors: Qin Ke , Chen Xiujuan , Wu Linhai
Published: August 2022

Psychological capital (PsyCap) motivates citizens to actively participate in social affairs. This study aims to promote the application of the PsyCap theory in the field of public affairs and help promote the establishment of a food safety social co-governance system in practice. Based on a questionnaire survey of 752 urban citizens in Wuxi, China, this study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to classify citizens into three different latent groups from the perspective of PsyCap and its four-dimensional composition. The influence of PsyCap and its various dimensions on the willingness of citizens in different groups to participate in food safety social co-governance was assessed and compared using usefulness analysis. Results showed that citizens showed obvious differences in their PsyCap, which can be divided into low, medium, and high levels. All dimensions of PsyCap had an impact on willingness to participate, but the impact differed among groups. The overall PsyCap level had a greater impact on citizens’ willingness to participate than any single dimension. In the future construction of a food safety social co-governance system, different guidance and intervention strategies should be implemented based on the differences in PsyCap among different groups.
Optical tweezers made more versatile and powerful
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: August 2022

The dual fields of optics and metamaterial structures may significantly impact physical and biological research.
Design and experimental demonstration of a beam scanning lens antenna
Authors: Zhao Xu-hao , Liu Meng-qi , Sun Yun-fei , Xu Liang , Zhang Qiang , Yuan Cheng-Wei , Zhang Jian-de
Published: August 2022

A beam scanning antenna based on an all-metal lens is presented for high-power microwave (HPM) application in this paper. This design includes a feed antenna and two layers of different all-metal lenses, whose prototypes operating at 14.25 GHz have been successfully designed and fabricated with an aperture radius of 300 mm. A full transmission phase range of 360° can be achieved with a transmission efficiency of over 99% by rotating the cross-slot on the lens elements. The results of the low-power tests depict that the designed antenna can realize a beam scanning range of 120° revolving cone angle with the side lobe below −10 dB and the reflection coefficient less than −16 dB. The high-power tests demonstrate that the power handling capacity of the antenna is higher than 350 MW in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). In addition, both the designed lenses have a bandwidth of more than 100 MHz. All the merits show that our designed all-metal lens antenna has a great potential to be applied in HPM systems.
Ferroelectric domain wall in two-dimensional GeS
Authors: Yan Yabin , Xiang Mingzhi , Wang Xiaoyuan , Xu Tao , Xuan Fuzhen
Published: August 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics have attracted extensive attention due to their rich variety of exquisite functionalities in novel nanoscale electronic devices. As domain walls (DWs) in ferroelectrics are topological defects separating domains with different orientations of the electric polarization, a detailed understanding of the energetic and atomistic characteristics of 2D ferroelectric DWs is a crucial issue due to its theoretical and technological importance. In the current study, using first-principles calculations, we provided a detailed investigation on the energy, variation of the atomic structure with applied strain, and the electronic properties of 180° and 90° DWs in 2D GeS including the uncharged and charged DWs. All types of DWs in 2D GeS were found to be atomically sharp. In addition, the 90° uncharged DW was more energetically favorable than the 180° DW, which is similar to DWs of perovskites. However, due to the effect of adverse electrostatic energy, the charged DW possessed higher energy than that of the uncharged DW. On the other hand, the polarization distortion of the domain region in all DWs is significantly strengthened by the biaxial strain. In addition, the density of states showed that the charged DW is conductive relative to the uncharged domain wall, because the uncompensated positive or negative charges exist at the charged domain wall. Our results provide necessary theoretical guidance to the future exploration and application of 2D ferroelectric materials.
Artificial photosynthetic monolithic devices using voltage-matched perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaic modules
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiko , Yamanaka Ken-ichi , Morikawa Takeshi , Kato Naohiko
Published: August 2022

We designed monolithic devices consisting of photovoltaic (PV) modules directly connected to electrochemical (EC) reactor modules for artificial photosynthetic H2 and CO production. Double-junction (2J) PV cells commonly used for this purpose suffer from current mismatching between the top and bottom cells under solar spectrum variation; the detrimental impacts on the solar-to-H2 and -CO energy conversion efficiencies (ηH2 and ηCO, respectively) were found to be more serious than those on solar-to-electricity conversion efficiencies of solar cells connected to power conditioners, because the power conditioners always optimize the operating voltages. To solve this problem, we adopted the combination of a voltage-matched (VM) tandem PV module and an EC module in which multiple EC reactors are series-connected. Parallel connection of the top and bottom PV modules eliminates the current mismatching problem involved in 2J PV cells, while series-connected multiple top PV cells, bottom PV cells, and EC reactors in these modules, respectively, secure voltage matching among these modules. We adopted organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (PVK) top cells and crystalline silicon (Si) bottom cells according to another design strategy of widespread use. Thus, we modeled the artificial photosynthetic operation of the monolithic devices based on the properties of state-of-the-art PVK and Si PV cells and H2- and CO-producing EC reactors and evaluated annually averaged ηH2 and ηCO. The newly designed monolithic devices using the VM tandem PV modules improve ηH2 compared to those of the conventional devices using 2J PV cells, from 23% to 29%, and ηCO from 23% to 27%.
An optimally tuned range-separated hybrid starting point for ab initio GW plus Bethe–Salpeter equation calculations of molecules
Authors: McKeon Caroline A. , Hamed Samia M. , Bruneval Fabien , Neaton Jeffrey B.
Published: August 2022

The ab initio GW plus Bethe–Salpeter equation (GW-BSE, where G is the one particle Green's function and W is the screened Coulomb interaction) approach has emerged as a leading method for predicting excitations in both solids and molecules with a predictive power contingent upon several factors. Among these factors are the (1) generalized Kohn–Sham eigensystem used to construct the GW self-energy and to solve the BSE and (2) the efficacy and suitability of the Tamm–Dancoff approximation. Here, we present a detailed benchmark study of low-lying singlet excitations from a generalized Kohn–Sham (gKS) starting point based on an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid (OTRSH) functional. We show that the use of this gKS starting point with one-shot G0W0 and G0W0-BSE leads to the lowest mean absolute errors (MAEs) and mean signed errors (MSEs), with respect to high-accuracy reference values, demonstrated in the literature thus far for the ionization potentials of the GW100 benchmark set and for low-lying neutral excitations of Thiel’s set molecules in the gas phase, without the need for self-consistency. The MSEs and MAEs of one-shot G0W0-BSE@OTRSH excitation energies are comparable to or lower than those obtained with other functional starting points after self-consistency. Additionally, we compare these results with linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations and find GW-BSE to be superior to TDDFT when calculations are based on the same exchange-correlation functional. This work demonstrates tuned range-separated hybrids used in combination with GW and GW-BSE can greatly suppress starting point dependence for molecules, leading to accuracy similar to that for higher-order wavefunction-based theories for molecules without the need for costlier iterations to self-consistency.
Thermal contribution in the electrical switching experiments with heavy metal/antiferromagnet structures
Authors: Sheng Peng , Zhao Zhengyang , Benally Onri Jay , Zhang Delin , Wang Jian-Ping
Published: August 2022

We examine the thermal origin of the detected “saw-tooth” shaped Hall resistance (Rxy) signals in the spin–orbit torque switching experiment for antiferromagnetic MnN. Compared with the results of the heavy metal/antiferromagnet bilayers (MnN/Ta), the qualitatively same “saw-tooth” shaped signals also appear in the samples with the heavy metal layer alone (either Ta or Pt) without the MnN layer. In addition, the Rxy signal changes oppositely in the devices with Ta and Pt, due to the opposite temperature coefficient of resistivity of the two materials. All those results are consistent with the “localized Joule heating” mechanism in devices with Hall crosses geometry. Moreover, by utilizing a structure with separated writing current paths and Hall cross area, the quadratic relationship between ΔRxy and the writing current's amplitude is observed, which provides quantitative evidence of the thermal contribution. These results reveal the dominant thermal artifact in the widely used Hall crosses geometry for Néel vector probing and also provide a strategy to semi-quantitatively evaluate the thermal effect, which can shed light on a more conclusive experiment design.
Hot phonon effects and Auger recombination on 3 μm room temperature lasing in HgTe-based multiple quantum well diodes
Authors: Afonenko A. A. , Ushakov D. V. , Dubinov A. A. , Aleshkin V. Ya. , Morozov S. V. , Gavrilenko V. I.
Published: August 2022

We propose an electrically pumped laser diode based on multiple HgTe quantum wells with band structure engineered for Auger recombination suppression. A model for accounting for hot phonons is developed for calculating the nonequilibrium temperature of electrons and holes. Using a comprehensive model accounting for carrier drift and diffusion, Auger recombination, and hot-phonon effects, we predict of lasing at λ∼3 μm at room temperature in the 2.1 nm HgTe/Cd0.85Hg0.15Te quantum well heterostructure. The output power in the pulse can reach up to 600 mW for 100 nanosecond-duration pulses.