bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Model for Transient Testing of Naturally Fractured Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Obembe Abiola David , Hasan Muhammad , Fraim Michael
Published: June 2017

Transient linear triple porosity diffusion models (TPM) have been developed to justify the unexpected high gas production observed in naturally fractured, nanoporous shale gas reservoirs (NNSGR's). However, a critical assessment of the predictive capabilities of these models reveal that if the presence of obstacles, disconnected pathways in the matrix, and/or poor fracture connectivity in the fracture-matrix system are to be considered, these models may be inappropriate to describe the gas transport mechanisms in these complex systems. To overcome these limitations, an anomalous triple porosity model (ATPM) is developed to describe the gas production from a horizontal well producing in a NNSGR, allowing for the possibility of sub-diffusion in the matrix and micro-fracture within the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV).

The mathematical model entails the use of a modified constitutive flux relationship for the flow behavior in the matrix, micro and macro-fractures rather than the empirical Darcy's equation. The Laplace transform method is employed to handle the resulting mathematical model to obtain semi-analytical expressions for the dimensionless matrix pressure, micro fracture pressure, macro fracture pressure, and wellbore flowrate. subsequently, qualitative and quantitative validation of the rate-transient at the wellbore against existing solutions in literature are demonstrated.

The ATPM solution converges to both the transient linear double porosity diffusion mathematical model (DPM) and the sequential TPM solutions established in the literature under very limiting conditions. The sensitivity of the introduced parameters was analyzed and presented through numerically generated type curves. Parametric study suggests that the derived ATPM solution exhibits unique behaviors and trends not observed in the previous mathematical models. Furthermore, the parametric study reveals the magnitude of the diffusion exponent affects the slope of the straight line observed in the log-log plot of rate and time.

The advantage of the ATPM is that detailed information of the matrix, micro fracture and macro fracture petrophysical properties can be modeled as compared to the TPM. Furthermore, this model may find wide spread application for predicting the performance of horizontal wells producing in NNSGR's where analog studies reveal low spacing aspect ratio in the reservoir.
CO2-Foam Rheology Behavior under Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Al-Qasim Abdulaziz , AlOtaibi Fawaz , Kokal Sunil , Zhou Xianmin
Published: June 2017

Super critical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) flooding is one of the most important enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods to recover oil from both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. In many cases this process is handicapped, especially in thick reservoirs, by SC-CO2 gravity override. SC-CO2 is lighter than oil and water, so there can be extensive gravity override of SC-CO2 bypassing oil in the lower part of the formation. Different methods have been used to control SC-CO2 mobility and improve its sweep efficiency by either increasing its density, viscosity, or reducing its relative permeability. SC-CO2 as a foam or as an emulsion is one of these methods and can provide better mobility control of the injected SC-CO2. This paper investigates the impact of various parameters such as liquid/liquid ratio, different foam qualities and different injection modes on the SC-CO2-foam quality and its rheological properties.

In this study, types of surfactants were used to generate SC-CO2-foam. SC-CO2-foam was generated at two different type of injection modes. Experiments were designed and conducted in a high pressure and temperature flow loop instrument to identify the optimum surfactant concentration and liquid/liquid ratio that can produce high quality foam and increase the SC-CO2 viscosity. During the experiment, SC-CO2-foam characteristics were analyzed through a visual cell in terms of bubble size distribution.

The rheological properties of the SC-CO2-foam were investigated by varying the shear rate, shear stress, foam quality, injection modes and foaming agent concentrations at reservoir conditions. The experimental results show that the foam mobility (total mobility of SC-CO2-surfactant solution) decreases with increasing foam quality. The results indicate that the SC-CO2-foam can make strong and stable foams under certain conditions. This was also correlated with the images of the high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) foams that were captured through microscope at different time intervals and analyzed to indicate their stability. Two foaming agents were identified that show excellent foam quality with good foam strength and stability over a period of time at reservoir conditions.
Mud-Gas Extractor and Detector Comparison
Authors: Rowe Mathew , Muirhead David
Published: June 2017

Although many gas extractors and detectors currently exist, there is no significant comparison between the data quality that they produce. Most advances in mud-gas interpretation and deployable new technologies were driven by service companies’ needs to provide operators with the highest standards of data and interpretation while using their most cost-effective systems for mud-gas analysis. This led to rapid growth in the mud logging sector for providing more scientifically rigorous services at the rigsite. Each new method provided a suite of applications and, more importantly, limitations; a comparison study was performed to gather this information.

The comparison study focused on quantitative gas measurement (QGM), constant volume (CV), and constant volume and temperature (CVT) extractors with gas chromatographs (GC) and mass spectrometers (MSs). These systems were compared by operating them simultaneously at the rigsite.

The CVT system with MS outperformed all other systems. The QGM and CV gas extractors lacked the consistency observed in the CVT system, and the QGM and CV extractors failed to consistently extract C3+ components from the drilling fluid. The MS on the QGM and CV systems added limited value resulting from using atmospheric air as the carrier gas and the lack of a constant temperature. Although the installation of the CVT is more costly and time consuming, these issues are offset by the additional information and consistency provided by the CVT.

Comparing the three extraction systems with two different gas detectors helped determine the best solution on a cost and necessary information basis.
Fractured Well Productivity: Proppant Pack vs. Pillar Fracture - Numerical Study
Authors: Gomaa Ahmed M. , San-Roman-Alerigi Damian P. , Al-Noaimi Khalid R. , Al-Muntasheri Ghaithan A.
Published: June 2017

Proppant selection and placement have been significantly discussed in the literature as the key parameters to measure the success of a hydraulic fracturing treatment. Conventional proppant pack may suffer a significant reduction in conductivity due to gel damage, fines migration, multiphase flow, and non-Darcy flow. To mitigate these adverse effects, an alternative posits to substitute the porous proppant pack in the fracture with an isolated structure made of propped pillars surrounded by a network of open channels. However, recent field data has not shown improvement in the productivity of the well due to channel creation within the fracture geometry.

The objective of this study is to understand the effect of proppant permeability, placement, and channel creation on the well productivity using the numerical technique. A 3D numerical model was constructed to simulate the hydrocarbon flow from the reservoir through the fracture towards the wellbore. Production rate, well productivity index (PI), and dimensionless well productivity index (Jd) were evaluated as a function of the following parameters: -Reservoir effective permeability (0.1–1000 mD),-Vertical to horizontal permeability ratio (0.1-1),-Reservoir drawdown pressure (500-5000 psi),-Proppant conductivity in the near wellbore region (1–5000 mD-ft),-Proppant conductivity in the far-field region (1–5000 mD-ft),-No. of the created channels and their distribution.

For conventional proppant pack, numerical results agreed with Cinco-Ley and Samaniego-V (1981), and it showed that dimensionless fracture conductivity (CFD) values higher than 30 maximize Jd. Also, the numerical model revealed that pillar fracturing technology with highly conductive channels could significantly improve well productivity if the used proppant conductivity is low. However, for high proppant conductivity and high CFD values, the maximum increase in well productivity index due to channel creation will be only 20%. For low CFD values, pillar fracturing technique with highly conductive channels is highly recommended, particularly if the vertical to horizontal permeability ratio is low.

Statistical analysis of the numerical results evinced that reservoir permeability and near-wellbore proppant conductivity have a major effect on the well productivity; whereas proppant conductivity in the far-field region has limited effect. The statistical analysis revealed that any number of channels greater than 2 has marginal influence on the well productivity and that the derived, dimensionless, variables can be used to create conditional decision models to maximize it. The results suggest that there is an interplay between the dimensionless fracture conductivity and the near-to-far-field permeability ratio that has a significant influence on the results.
Enriching Field Real-Time Data Reliability via the Implementation of Lean Six Sigma Concept
Authors: Al Kadem Mohammad S. , Al Yateem Karam S. , Al-Khamis Mohammed N.
Published: June 2017

Nowadays, with the advanced technology, there is a large quantity of real time data that flows from the equipment in the field to the engineers’ desktop. The quality of data is, in most cases, questionable. A high quality data is required to be utilized in production workflows and technical studies. Failure to acquire reliable data will affect the calculations of production parameters, hence impacting the overall understanding of well performance. Therefore, monitoring data reliability and quality is essential.

A project was initiated to tackle all various reliability issues for eight fields where a focus team was formulated. The team assessed the current data reliability and facilitated developing the action plans with the use of Lean Six Sigma concept which follows five phases; define, measure, analyze, improve and control. Multiple tools such as fishbone diagram and 5-WHY were used to identify the root causes for having reliability issues along with a correspondent solution (s) which aided developing a detailed implementation plan.

The project goal is targeting an increase in overall data reliability in a six-month period. An anticipated increase of 5% to overall data reliability is to be achieved post to the tags deletion and re-mapping campaign. It is worth mentioning that the utilization of production workflows through effective monitoring of wells rate compliance and ESP is associated with remarkable cost saving.

Securing high data reliability from various equipment will enable engineers to track the wells’ rates and status at their desktops. Moreover, effective monitoring of ESP performance will help preventing the occurrence of trips and optimize ESP operations in the field. Last but not least, effective data monitoring will ensure the upkeep of the Intelligent Field equipment.
Turfgrass and Climate Change
Authors: Hatfield Jerry
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

Climate change will affect temperature and precipitation patterns.

Increasing temperatures will cause a shift in turfgrass species to more northen climates.

Variation among varieties of turfgrass provide opportunity to increase climate resilience.

Climate change will increase abiotic and biotic stresses on turfgrass.

Climate change is occurring and is impacting biological systems through increased temperatures, more variable precipitation, and increased CO2 in the atmosphere. These effects have been documented for agricultural species, primarily grain crops, pasture and rangeland species. The extension of these relationships to turfgrass has been limited; however, these plants are an important part of our ecosystems and preservation of these plantings adds to social value and ecosystem services. Turfgrasses can be divided into cool‐season and warm‐season species and the projected changes in maximum air temperatures, along with increased root zone temperatures may promote a Northward migration of warm‐season turfgrasses. Increased spring precipitation and more variable summer precipitation coupled with more intense precipitation events are projected to occur requiring enhanced management of soil water. Turfgrass management to ensure adequate root zone soil water, and the selection of varieties or species with greater drought tolerance in the warmer regions will be necessary to preserve turfgrass plantings. Increases in CO2 benefits turfgrass growth and positively affects water use efficiency, which decreases the potential effects of a more variable precipitation regime because of impacts on soil water use. Genotypic variation in response to soil water deficits provides a foundation for screening turfgrass species to adapt to climatic stresses. Changes in temperature and precipitation variation will increase the potential for abiotic and biotic stresses on turfgrasses. Turfgrass management will require increased attention to increased abiotic and biotic stresses.
Perennial Plant Establishment and Productivity Can Be Influenced by Previous Annual Crops
Authors: Schmer M. R. , Hendrickson J. R. , Liebig M. A. , Johnson H. A.
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

Perennial treatments established into soybean residue had the highest stand frequency measured.

Warm‐season mixtures tended to have higher biomass production following soybean.

Previous annual crops affected biomass yields for switchgrass, intermediate wheatgrass–alfalfa, and a cool‐season mixture.

Developing efficient, economical methods of perennial mixture establishment is needed for grazing and conservation purposes. Study objectives were to evaluate different perennial monocultures and mixtures planted into spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), and spring canola (Brassica napus subsp. Rapifera) residue to determine establishment and subsequent production variation near Mandan, ND. Perennial treatments were two monocultures, binary mixtures (grass + legume), a warm‐season moderate‐input moderate diversity (MIMD) grass mixture, a cool‐season MIMD grass mixture, and a low‐input high diversity (LIHD) mixture consisting of 16 native species. Seeding rate was 450 pure live seed (PLS) m−2 for all perennial treatments and were managed according to best management practices. Stand establishment, measured using the frequency grid method, indicated perennial treatments established into soybean residue had the highest stand frequency (59%). Cool‐season grass treatments tended to have higher stand frequencies than warm‐season grass treatments and LIHD. Biomass yields were highest for intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey] (8.2 ± 1.2 Mg ha−1). Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) produced the highest average biomass yield of the warm‐season grass treatments with 6.7 ± 1.2 Mg ha−1. The LIHD mixture was primarily cool‐season grasses followed by weeds, warm‐season grasses, and forb/legumes. This study highlights how transitioning from an annual cropping system to perennials can be influenced by the previous annual crop in a semiarid environment. Further research on establishing diverse, pollinator‐friendly perennial mixtures following annual crops is warranted.
Value of Damage Control with Foliar Fungicide in Soybean Production in Tennessee
Authors: Boyer Christopher N. , Smith S. Aaron , Harmon Xavier L. , Lambert Dayton M. , Kelly Heather Y. , Jordan Jamie , Newman Melvin
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

Annual application of foliar fungicide in continuous soybean increased yields.

Breakeven soybean price for applying a foliar fungicide ranged from US$0.13 to $0.27kg−1.

Results suggest a high likelihood that foliar fungicide application is profitable.

With the expansion in soybean (Glycine max L.) land area in the Southeast, producers are wondering how to profitably manage the disease frogeye leaf spot (FLS) (Cercospora sojina); however, little is known about the profitability of using foliar fungicide on soybean infected with FLS. We determined the effect of total water applied, growing degree days, and foliar fungicide treatment on FLS severity and yield of soybean in maturity group (MG) III, IV, and V. A two‐stage severity/treatment outcome model was estimated and results were used to calculate the breakeven price of soybean for applying a foliar fungicide by MG. Data came from an 11‐yr soybean fungicide (quinone) experiment in Tennessee. Applying a foliar fungicide to soybean in a high disease pressure location reduced FLS severity and increased yields for each MG. Annual application of foliar fungicide in continuous soybean was found to increase yields by 475 kg ha−1 for MG III, 321 kg ha−1 for MG IV, and 408 kg ha−1 for MG V. The breakeven price of soybean, for applying a foliar fungicide, ranged from US$0.13 to $0.27 kg−1 for all MGs, depending on the application cost. A profit‐maximizing producer would apply a foliar fungicide as part of the annual production practices to manage FLS since the soybean price has historically been above the breakeven price. Results from this study will inform Tennessee and southeastern producers on the profitability of spraying soybean with a foliar fungicide to manage FLS.
Virus Incidence in Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Seed Production Fields in the Willamette Valley
Authors: Gilmore Barbara S. , Martin Ruth C. , Dombrowski James E. , Alderman Stephen C. , Martin Robert R. , Mosier Nola J. , Sullivan Clare S. , Anderson Nicole P. , Hoffman George D. , Guy Paul L.
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

Cocksfoot mottle virus (CfMV) is increasing in severity in the Willamette Valley of Oregon.

Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) is the most prevalent yellow dwarf virus in orchardgrass in Oregon.

CfMV and CYDV could be contributing to reduced stand longevity in orchardgrass seed production fields in Oregon.
An approach to quantifying rainwater harvesting potential using imagery, geographic information systems (GIS) and LiDAR data
Authors: Grant Aneurin Thomas James , McKinney Nathan L. , Ries Robert
Published: June 2017

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software is used to analyze rainwater harvesting potential in Escambia County, Florida, USA. The approach presented can be replicated using LiDAR data, and the infrared spectrum of National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery. GIS surface maps are analyzed in combination with local utility consumption data to determine potential reductions in potable water consumption for households. The results indicate an extensive urban catchment of rooftop surfaces, and commensurate potential for rainwater harvesting and stormwater attenuation. Sixty two percent of the households analyzed consumed less water than could be potentially harvested. The remaining 38% consumed more water than could be potentially harvested. There are noted and significant differences between the two sample populations, including differences in water consumed and roof size. A comparison of lot size between the two sample populations did not yield any significant difference. The conclusions indicate that the widespread implementation of rainwater harvesting could substantially reduce potable water use in urban areas, and are of use to policy makers, planners, engineers and property owners everywhere.
Histerocele gravídica diafragmática em felino: Relato de caso
Authors: Cavalcanti Marina , Yamaguchi Larissa Sasaki , Da Silva Angela Maria , Coltro Gazzone Alexandre , Reis de Oliveira Desirré , Andreussi Paulo Antonio
Published: June 2017

A case of animal care, feline, adult, female is described, with diagnosis of chronic diaphragmatic hernia with the gravid uterus in the final stage of gestation as part of the hernial content. Gradual fetal growth during pregnancy led to significant respiratory impairment. The severity of the condition necessitated a surgical interruption of gestation with posterior herniorrhaphy with peritoneal flap, but it did not succeed and the animal died at the end of the surgical procedure. The death was attributed to the chronicity and severity of the clinical condition in which it was found. This report highlights the importance of immediate correction of diaphragmatic hernias and prenatal follow-up during pregnancy.
Memória, tradição oral e a afirmação da identidade negra
Authors: Silva Acildo
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho é parte do estudo realizado no mestrado em Educação na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso cuja proposta foi fazer uma reflexão sobre a importância da tradição oral na ressignificação da identidade negra e na educação e reeducação dos homens e das mulheres negras de Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, primeira capital colonial de Mato grosso, entre 1752 a 1835, localizada na região do Vale da Guaporé, no extremo oeste do Brasil Palavras-chave: memória; tradição oral; identidade negra
Rupturas escolares e dispositivos: o fracasso escolar como problema social na França dos anos 1990
Authors: Paixão Lea , Da Cruz Léa , Mello Marisol
Published: June 2017

No texto é apresentado o resumo das principais análises feitas pelo professor Daniel Thin em atividades realizadas na Faculdade de Educação da UFF. A partir de suas pesquisas, o professor aborda discussões contemporâneas sobre o fracasso escolar na França, onde os dispositivos se constituem em ações instrumentais para a aplicação de políticas públicas que visam ao enfrentamento deste problema. O fracasso escolar é analisado na perspectiva das “rupturas escolares”, categoria analítica que representa a abertura de novas possibilidades de compreensão das dificuldades de escolarização, assim como das tensões e ambivalências vividas pelas famílias em relação à educação e ao futuro dos filhos. Palavras-chave: fracasso escolar; rupturas escolares; dispositivos.
Natural history of the aortic wall changes in adults with the degenerative tricuspid aortic valve stenosis: The morphometric proofs and implications for echocardiography
Authors: Borovic Sasa , Labudovic-Borovic Milica , Todorovic Vera , Rakocevic Jelena , Marinkovic-Eric Jelena , Kostic Jelena , Trifunovic Zoran , Milojevic Predrag
Published: June 2017

Background/Aim. So far, no study has been focused exclusively on the tricuspid aortic valve stenosis (TAV) in the aorta without severe dilatation and none has aimed at correlating the high mycroscopy findings with the echocardiographic parameters. This research was conducted on the postulate that detecting the histopathological changes of different severity in the aortic wall could tailor decision about an aortic surgery. The aim of this study was to grade the histopathological changes in the wall of the nonseverely dilated ascending aorta in patients with the severe, calcific TAV stenosis and to correlate them with the echocardiographic parameters in order to analyze when the ascending aorta should be replaced simultaneously with the aortic valve replacement (AVR). Methods. The samples from 37 patients subjected to the AVR and the samples from the control group were analyzed morphologically. The echocardiographic parameters obtained in the TAV stenosis patients were preoperatively correlated with the morphological data, age and gender, diameters of the ventriculo-aortic junction (AA), the sinus Valsalvae (SV) and sinotubular junction (STJ), the largest diameter of the visualized ascending aorta (AscA), the sinus Valsalvae index (SVI) and AscA/AA index. Results. We confirmed morphometrically the exact region of the hemodynamic stress influence with the mathematical distinction in comparison to the controls. In this region, the gradual elastic lamellae disruption was proved by a statistically significant difference through the 3 grades. The elastic skeleton alterations were potentiated with aging and in females. The morphometric parameters of the ascending aorta wall statistically significantly correlated with the echocardiographic parameters: AA, SV, AscA and SVI. The echocardiographic parameters tended to be higher in the most severe grade 3, in the patients younger than 65 years of age. The AscAof more than 4.5 cm was associated with the irreversible morphological defects in these patients. Conclusion. The hemodynamic stress induced by the TAV stenosis leads to the ascending aorta elastic lamellae disruption that could be histopathologically graded and correlated with the echocardiographic parameters of the ascending aorta providing a potential tool for decision-making process in cases when the ascending aorta replacement is considered simultaneously with the AVR.
The Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among High School Students in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alipoor Reza , Gholami Mohammad Saeed , Heidari-Soureshjani Reza , Rajabi Mohammad reza , Anari Mohammad Javad , Vaziri Mohammd Sadegh , Vajdi Saghar , Shamshirian Amir
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Iron is one of the most important elements forming the body and an essential metal for many biological processes in mammals. According to studies, anemia can cause numerous side effects in the body. Because of the effectiveness of iron in myelinated nerves, this illness can cause hearing loss and vision problems as well, and in students, it can even cause academic failure and learning problems and intensify behavioral disorders. Therefore, to collect the statistics of the prevalence of the disorder in order to inform parents, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in high school students in Iran using meta-analysis method.Method: This study was continued in review form using the key words anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and anemia prevalence with a review of the articles in Pubmed, Iranmedex databases and Scientific Information Database of SID in related topics with 89 articles. Time domain for searching articles and related books and was mainly from 1991 onwards.Results: Studies on the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in high school students show different results. Recent statistics based on published articles at home and abroad show the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia equal to 10.6%, (with a 95% confidence interval: 9.7 to 11.5) until 2014.Conclusion: The disease can cause hearing and vision disorders in adolescents. Moreover, it can cause academic failure and learning problems and intensify behavioral disorders in students.  Given that children's health is an indicator of health planning of family for them, attention to the factors preventing iron deficiency anemia and its treatment is essential for students. Following this study, it is suggested that by correcting diet as the first step of prevention of catching this diseases, we take a step towards preventing it.
Comparing Written and Planned Training On Anxiety among Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Tolyat Maryam , Taherirad Mohammad , Janbani Zahra
Published: June 2017

Introduction and objectives: The prevalence of preoperative state anxiety is an unavoidable complication. Aside from its type and scope, the surgical operation is considered as a severe stressful situation for patients. Considering the importance of reducing the state anxiety in patients undergoing surgery, there are different methods, one of which is patient education; therefore the aim of the current study was compare the effect of written and planned training on the state anxiety among patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.Method: In this study, 81 patients candidate for orthopedic surgery were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly divided into 3 groups, including planned training, pamphlet and control groups. All patients answered 20 questions-State-Traits Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Questionnaire the day before surgery and the intervention was later carried out in the planned training and pamphlet groups. Then the effect of preoperative state anxiety was re-evaluated about half an hour after training in three groups. For data analysis, in addition to mean and standard deviation, independent t-test and ANOVA were used in Spss16.Results: The results of comparing pre- and post-training mean score of the state anxiety in three groups showed that the mean score of state anxiety reached from 50.41 to 41.03, 52.41 to 44.37 and 45.04 to 50.56 in planned, pamphlet and control groups, respectively. ANOVA test showed that there is a significant difference in this comparison. The results of Tukey's test also revealed that the mean score of state anxiety in the planned and pamphlet groups was lower significantly than the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on research findings, the planned training method was more effective in decreasing state anxiety among patients compared to the pamphlet group before orthopedic surgery. Therefore, considering the fact that nurses play an important role in examining and relieving the state anxiety among patients and spend more time with patients undergoing surgery compared with other members of the healthcare team, therefore, the planned training method must be considered to ensure effective support to reduce the preoperative state anxiety among patients.
Opio y colonialismo: reflexiones sobre el papel del opio en la penetración colonial europea en Asia y China
Authors: Cantón Álvarez José Antonio
Published: June 2017

La intención es hacer una revisión de ciertos problemas conceptuales y metodológicos que rodean el estudio del opio en Asia entre los siglos xvi y xix, así como su relación con la dominancia de los imperios coloniales europeos en la región en dicha época. Para ello, se analizarán algunas aportaciones provenientesde campos como la antropología o la “historia global” que pueden facilitar la comprensión del papel que esta droga jugó en la penetración de dichos poderes en Asia oriental y suroriental durante la edad moderna, así como en la aparición del imperialismo en el siglo xix. Se presenta la relación entre el opio y el colonialismo desde una perspectiva histórica, conforme la creciente importancia que esta droga tuvo en las actividades comerciales de diversos actores coloniales europeos en Asia durante el periodo. La base de esta evolución radicó en la mercantilización experimentada por el opio a lo largo de los siglos, la cual evolucionó de forma paralela a la intensificación de la presencia colonial europea en el continente asiático. En este sentido, el opio adquirió una creciente importancia para unos actores, los europeos, que tuvieron que adaptarse a las condiciones en las que las relaciones comerciales se daban en ámbitos geográficos como el subcontinente indio, el Sudeste Asiático y el mar de China meridional; donde China actuaba como el polo de más peso de las redes comerciales existentes en estas regiones, y los mercantes chinos eran los más activos e importantes. Antes de que el opio pasase a jugar un papel decisivo en la despolarización de este escenario comercial, los europeos realizaron un largo proceso de observación de esta mercancía en las redes mercantiles. Dicha observación se inició con la llegada de los portugueses a India, en las primeras décadas del siglo xvi, quienes advirtieron, desde su misma llegada, las posibilidades que una mercantilización productiva de la droga podría abrir para sus actividades comerciales en la región; no obstante, sus aspiraciones de mercantilizar el opio estaban aún lejos de su alcance. Por su parte, los holandeses también se percataron de la creciente importancia de la droga en el comercio entre India y el Sudeste Asiático en el siglo xvii, a raíz de las nuevas formas de consumo de la droga aparecidas en la isla de Java, donde comenzó a fumarse junto con tabaco. Los neerlandeses consiguieron establecer un monopolio comercial de la droga en Batavia, que se convirtió en el principal centro de redistribución en Asia suroriental y oriental; desde allí, los mercaderes chinos exportaron el hábito a China, lo que unido a la conquista de la India noroccidental, en 1753, permitió a los ingleses operar una mercantilización completa de este producto basada en el monopolio y la racionalización de su producción. Sólo entonces el opio se convirtió en una mercancía capaz de transformar las relaciones comerciales en Asia durante el siglo xix.
Construcción de conocimiento Rizomático en las ciencias de la gestión: Implicancias para la comprensión de organizaciones de alta confiabilidad. Building rhizomic knowledge in organization sciences: implications to understand high reliability organization
Authors: Cantero Javier Hernán
Published: June 2017

De la arborescencia del mainstream positivista a la actual diversidad paradigmática, las ciencias de la gestión se nutren de múltiples fuentes epistemológicas. El presente trabajo pone en evidencia el carácter rizomático de los estudios organizacionales y sus implicancias para comprender las Organizaciones de Alta Confiabilidad (HROs).

En primer lugar se analizan las fuentes epistemológicas de la disciplina para dar cuenta del pasaje del mainstream positivista hacia la diversidad paradigmática. En la actualidad, la teoría de la organización es un campo disciplinar rizomático, tanto por sus enfoques epistemológicos, la multiplicidad de temas de estudio, la profusión de fuentes disciplinarias como por la diversidad de estrategias metodológicas. Naturaleza epistemológica rizomática que convive con ciertos nudos arborescentes.

En segundo lugar, el foco de estudio se traslada hacia las HROs, fenómeno organizacional inherente a las sociedades del riesgo que constituye un desafío epistemológico para las teorías del organizar, tanto para comprender la naturaleza de las HROs como para explicar su performance.

Finalmente, se plantea una serie de desafíos epistemológicos a los que se suman las especificidades del universo organizacional argentino, caracterizado por la profusión de organizaciones riesgosas, la recurrencia de accidentes y la incipiente presencia de equipos de investigación que desarrollan el campo disciplinar.
Nivel de conocimientos sobre sexualidad en los adolescentes de 3° a 5° de secundaria de una institución educativa periurbana en Lima Norte
Authors: Carranza Manrique Elizabeth , Zamudio Fernández Roxana , Cahuana Utani Edith , Fuentes Neira Wilmer , Matta Solís Hernán , Pérez Siguas Rosa Eva
Published: June 2017

Objetivos: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre sexualidad en los adolescentes de  la  Institución Educativa  Privada César Vallejo. Materiales y Métodos: Este estudio es descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 112 estudiantes de 3°, 4° y 5° de secundaria de  la  Institución Educativa  Privada César Vallejo. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario cerrado con alternativas para marcar y como técnica la encuesta. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos indican que el nivel de conocimiento sobre sexualidad en los adolescentes es medio con un 48.2%. El nivel de conocimiento sobre sexualidad en la dimensión biológica, es alta con un 54.5%; en la dimensión psicológica  es medio con un 36.6; en la dimensión sociocultural es medio con un 49.1%. Los puntajes en escalados vigesimal evidencian un promedio conocimiento más alto en el aspecto cultural (valor<0.01, ANOVA) respecto a las otras dimensiones. Conclusión: Se presentó menor conocimiento de sexualidad en las dimensiones psicológica y biológica.
Prevalence of serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus in dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit
Authors: Mahon Jennifer L. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Paul April L.
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) with serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV).

DESIGN Prospective observational study.

ANIMALS 80 dogs.

PROCEDURES Dogs hospitalized in an ICU for > 12 hours between February 1 and June 1, 2015, that had at least 0.25 mL of serum left over from diagnostic testing were eligible for study inclusion. Dogs with serum antibody titers > 1:32 (as determined by serum neutralization) and > 1:80 (as determined by hemagglutination inhibition) were considered seropositive for CDV and CPV, respectively. The date of last vaccination was obtained from the medical record of each dog.

RESULTS Of the 80 dogs, 40 (50%) and 65 (81%) dogs were seropositive for CDV and CPV, respectively. Of the 40 dogs that were seronegative for CDV, 27 had been vaccinated against CDV within 3 years prior to testing. Of the 15 dogs that were seronegative for CPV, 3 had been vaccinated against CPV within 3 years prior to testing. Ten dogs were seronegative for both CDV and CPV.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated the prevalence of dogs hospitalized in an ICU that were seropositive for CDV and CPV was lower than expected given the high vaccination rate reported for dogs. Although the antibody titer necessary to prevent disease caused by CDV or CPV in critically ill dogs is unknown, adherence to infectious disease control guidelines is warranted when CDV- or CPV-infected dogs are treated in an ICU.
¿Qué de intercultural tiene la “universidad intercultural”? Del debate político-pedagógico a un estudio de caso veracruzano
Authors: Mateos Cortés Laura Selene , Dietz Gunther
Published: June 2017

Las universidades interculturales, creadas desde inicios del siglo XXI en México, se están constituyendo paulatinamente en un nuevo subsistema de educación superior. En esta contribución, esbozamos brevemente las tendencias generales que caracterizan este emergente subsistema, basándonos para ello en los resultados de un estado del conocimiento recién concluido, antes de ilustrar con un estudio de caso, proveniente de una etnografía colaborativa que estamos realizando junto con una de las universidades interculturales, para concluir retroalimentando el debate acerca del carácter pretendidamente “intercultural” de esta nueva institución educativa.
Información de los naturales del pueblo de Santa Clara contra Gonzalo Fernández Madaleno. 1631
Authors: Velázquez Hernández Martha Carolina
Published: June 2017

Xácuaro era un asentamiento pobremente poblado pertene- ciente al imperio tarasco. Durante la Colonia, al igual que otros pueblos de indios de Michoacán, a partir de la Real Cédula obtenida por fray Juan de Villa en 1553, recibió un nombre religioso: Santa Clara.
ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA, BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ITS ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE -1
Authors: S Anantha Padmanabhan , W John Wyson , S Marimuthu , P Saravanan , D Anand
Published: June 2017

Microbial community has been a major part in the drug industry. They are known for their effectiveness and do not cause any undesirable effects. Exploitation of bacteria could be fruitful for mankind. Bacteria play a major role in producing useful bioactive compounds. HSV-1 infection causes 80% of oral lesions. A majority of the population is infected by at least one herpes subtype of HSV-1 before adulthood. The infection in some cases does not produce any symptoms. Drugs for HSV-1 are becoming suppressive. In the present study, isolation of endophytic bacteria was carried out from medicinal plant. A grown bacterium was identified and confirmed using molecular 16S rRNA sequencing followed by extraction of bioactive compounds using solvents. Twelve bioactive compounds were then investigated for in vitro cytotoxicity assay and in vitro antiviral assay. Chloroform extract was found to be effective in inhibiting the virus.
FORMULATION AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF ACYCLOVIR LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR OCULAR DELIVERY
Authors: Selvaraj S. , Niraimathi V.
Published: June 2017

The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate chitosan nanoparticles containing acyclovir as potential ophthalmic drug delivery system. The topical application of acyclovir as eye ointment remains a concern for effective management of various ocular viral diseases owing to poor ocular drug bioavailability. The acyclovir loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan. Differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infra red spectroscopy measurements were carried out on the prepared nanoparticles, pure acyclovir and chitosan polymer. Fifteen different formulations were prepared and evaluated for particle size, Zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, entrapment and loading capacity and in-vitro drug release profile. All the prepared formulations resulted in nano size in 377.9 to 720.6 nm and displayed spherical shape with zeta potential of +33.2 to +42.8 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 70.7% - 90.9% and 25% - 50.8% respectively. The acyclovir loaded chitosan nanoparticles displayed crystallinity than acyclovir. The in-vitro release profile of acyclovir from the nanoparticles showed a sustained release of the drug over a prolonged period of 24 hours and fit best with Higuchi model with zero order and non- Fickian diffusion was superior phenomenon. The in vivo results reveal that ocular viral infections can be inhibited by the nanoparticles more significantly than the drug in conventional dosage forms. No appreciable difference was observed during 90 days in which nanoparticles were stored at various temperatures. Thus the results suggest that acyclovir loaded chitosan nanoparticle suspension appears promising for effective management of ocular viral infections.
IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3Β INHIBITOR THROUGH COMBINED SHAPE-BASED SCREENING AND MOLECULAR DOCKING APPROACH
Authors: Chauhan Navneet , Gajjar Anuradha , Issac Rueban Jacob Anicattu , Pucha Sravan Kumar , Arumugam Premkumar
Published: June 2017

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is an important class of therapeutic drug target currently receiving wide attention. In our computational approach, shape-based similarity search was used to screen the SPECS database, based on the shape of Tideglusib molecule; a known GSK-3β inhibitor. The resulting virtual hits were applied for docking studies on the known binding pockets of GSK-3β. A novel compound [7,10-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-7H,10H-pyrano[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-8-yl acetate] proposed from docking results in the substrate site of GSK-3β was found to have inhibitory activity (IC50) above 100μM concentration in ADP-GloTM Kinase assay. This communication aims to put forward in identifying newer hit on GSK-3β target via virtual screening approach.
GUATEMALA’S INDIGENOUS MATERNAL HEALTH CARE: A SYSTEM IN NEED OF DECOLONIZATION
Authors: Giralt Alicia
Published: June 2017

Las tasas de mortalidad materna guatemalteca son las más altas de Centroamérica. Dichas tasas varían drásticamente entre grupos étnicos, con las más altas presentes entre mujeres rurales mayas. Mientras Guatemala se esfuerza para reducir estas cifras, la controversia se centra en comadronas tradicionales. Esta investigación estudia el papel de dichas comadronas dentro de un marco postcolonialista y descolonialista. Los resultados muestran un país bajo el legado de la colonización, manifestado en el cuerpo femenino colonizado. Un cambio de paradigma es crucial en relación con las comadronas y sus pacientes. La salud reproductiva de las mujeres indígenas no mejorará hasta que esto suceda y la atención médica sea descolonizada.Palabras clave: maya, mujer, indígena, salud maternal, mortalidad, colonialism, postcolonialismo, descolonialismo, partera, comadrona.  Guatemala’s Indigenous Maternal Health Care: A System in Need of DecolonizationAbstract: Guatemala’s Maternal Mortality Ratios are the highest in Central America. These ratios vary drastically among ethnic groups, the highest occurring among rural Mayan women. As Guatemala struggles to reduce its MMRs, the controversy centers on Mayan Traditional Birth Attendants. This research investigates the role of Mayan traditional midwives within the framework of Postcolonialism. The results show a country under the legacy of colonization, manifested in the female colonized body. A paradigm shift is crucial in relation to both traditional birth  attendants and their patients. Indigenous women’s reproductive health will not improve until health care, a legacy of Colonialism, is decolonized.Key words: Maya, woman, indigenous, maternal health, mortality, Colonialism, Postcolonialism, Decolonialism, midwives.
RESEÑA: VIVIR ENTRE DOS MUNDOS. LAS MUJERES PAKISTANÍES EN LA RIOJA. IRATXE SUPERVIOLA OVEJAS, OLAYA FERNÁNDEZ GUERRERO, REMEDIOS ÁLVAREZ TERÁN
Authors: Rodríguez Valladolid Natalia
Published: June 2017

RESEÑA: VIVIR ENTRE DOS MUNDOS. LAS MUJERES PAKISTANÍES EN LA RIOJA. IRATXE SUPERVIOLA OVEJAS, OLAYA FERNÁNDEZ GUERRERO, REMEDIOS ÁLVAREZ TERÁN
RESEÑA: CON & VERSOS. POETAS ANDALUCES PARA EL SIGLO XXI. ANTONIO MORENO AYORA
Authors: Torralbo Caballero Juan De Dios
Published: June 2017

RESEÑA: CON & VERSOS. POETAS ANDALUCES PARA EL SIGLO XXI. ANTONIO MORENO AYORA
Entre Romanticismo, Antiesclavismo y Espiritualidad: Los ecos feministas transculturales de Sab de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda en The Bondwoman’s Narrative de Hannah Crafts
Authors: Cucarella Ramón Vicent
Published: June 2017

El siguiente artículo se centra en las novelas Sab (1841) de la escritora cubana Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda y en la recientemente descubierta novela The Bondwoman’s Narrative (1857) de la esclava afroamericana Hannah Crafts pues ambas son excelsas en el manejo de una serie de recursos románticos y góticos que encuadran las historias en un contexto decimonónico específicamente femenino. El poder de la pasión, el desbordante y sugestivo marco natural que abriga o arrumba el destino de los personajes y la exaltación de los sentimientos como paradigma epistemológico son los rasgos que las autoras desarrollan siguiendo los cánones establecidos de la época. A través de una intertextualidad transcultural indirecta que moldea los tropos del romanticismo, el uso de la esclavitud y la creación de una espiritualidad redentora, las novelas de Gómez de Avellaneda y de Hannah Crafts se entrelazan entre sí y contribuyen no sólo a perpetuar un género literario que enciende la mecha de la reivindicación femenina sino que, además, demuestran que las mujeres utilizaron también la literatura para participar en los debates nacionales empleando sus propias armas culturales y, por tanto, plantando la semilla de una literatura genuina que florecerá a lo largo del siglo XIX con más precisión y fuerza.
Land dreaming: identidades y arraigo en la escritura de Sharon Blackie y Part Mora
Authors: García Navarro Carmen
Published: June 2017

Las obras de Sharon Blackie y Pat Mora enfatizan la necesidad de una mayor conexión de los individuos con el medio natural. Desde la necesidad personal de fortalecer los vínculos de pertenencia a un lugar y una comunidad, las dos autoras exploran sus raíces y el entramado de la historia personal. De la respuesta artística a esa necesidad surgen narrativas y poéticas que econocen representaciones antiguas y actuales sobre el cuidado del planeta, y el de tradiciones, elatos y mitos de los lugares que habitamos.