bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Septal wall synthesis is sufficient to change ameba-like cells into uniform oval-shaped cells in Escherichia coli L-forms
Authors: Hayashi Masafumi , Takaoka Chigusa , Higashi Koichi , Kurokawa Ken , Margolin William , Oshima Taku , Shiomi Daisuke
Published: November 2024

A cell wall is required to control cell shape and size to maintain growth and division. However, some bacterial species maintain their morphology and size without a cell wall, calling into question the importance of the cell wall to maintain shape and size. It has been very difficult to examine the dispensability of cell wall synthesis in rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli for maintenance of their shape and size because they lyse without cell walls under normal culture conditions. Here, we show that wall-less E. coli L-form cells, which have a heterogeneous cell morphology, can be converted to a mostly uniform oval shape solely by FtsZ-dependent division, even in the absence of cylindrical cell wall synthesis. This FtsZ-dependent control of cell shape and size in the absence of a cell wall requires at least either the Min or nucleoid occlusion systems for positioning FtsZ at mid cell division sites.
Application of a dynamic colonic gastrointestinal digestion model to red wines: a study of flavanol metabolism by the gut microbiota and the cardioprotective activity of microbial metabolites
Authors: Mosele Juana I. , Viadel Blanca , Yuste Silvia , Tomás-Cobos Lidia , García-Benlloch Sandra , Escribano Bailón María-Teresa , García Estévez Ignacio , Moretón Fraile Pilar , Rodríguez de Rivera Fernando , de Domingo Casado Soledad , Motilva María-José
Published: November 2024

Over the last decade, research has emphasized the role of the microbiome in regulating cardiovascular physiology and disease progression.
Multilevel azopolymer patterning from digital holographic lithography
Authors: Salvatore Marcella , Reda Francesco , Borbone Fabio , Oscurato Stefano Luigi
Published: November 2024

Holographically generated grayscale light patterns are used to directly create discrete multilevel surface reliefs, expanding the azopolymer-based patterning capabilities for complex surface designs.
Near-infrared DNA biosensors based on polysulfonate coatings for the sensitive detection of microRNAs
Authors: Lin Xianghang , Yang Yang , Zhu Wenzhang , He Xiaorong , Liu Yunliang
Published: November 2024

The detection principle of the constructed sensor for miRNA-155.
Cleavable energy transfer labeled oligonucleotide probe for enhanced isothermal amplification detection and nano digital chip-based readout
Authors: Liu Li , Dollery Stephen J. , Tobin Gregory J. , Lu Guoyu , Du Ke
Published: November 2024

We present a novel energy transfer-labeled oligonucleotide probe designed to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP assay for HPV 16 detection. Our approach achieves a detection limit of 1 fM and spans a dynamic range of five orders of magnitude.
Highly efficient Zn1−xCdxS catalysts with sphalerite structures synthesized via a novel green method for hydrogen production by water splitting
Authors: González-Rodríguez M. , Díaz-Coello S. , Díaz-González S. , Rodríguez V. D. , Žitňan M. , Galleani G. , Velázquez J. J. , Pastor E. , Núñez P.
Published: November 2024

Zn1−xCdxS was prepared by a new green and simple method. The best catalyst Zn0.7Cd0.3S produced 29.5 mmol h−1 gcat−1 of hydrogen under visible light and 795.4 mmol h−1 gcat−1 under UV light.
Contemporary advances in polymer applications for sporting goods: fundamentals, properties, and applications
Authors: Li Qingyao , Ahmed Iftikhar , Minh Ngoc Phan , Phuong Hoa Ta , Vinh Dieu Tran , Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Xuan Nang Ho , Dao Van-Duong
Published: November 2024

Polymers enhance sports goods, offering lightweight, durable, and eco-friendly designs. This review explores the types, applications, and future trends of polymers while addressing challenges like cost and durability.
Fabrication of an α-Fe2O3 NP-modified ZnO NRs/Ni-foam nanocomposite electrode for electrochemical detection of arsenic in drinking water
Authors: Ngok Sreymean , Yann Rem , Chey Chan Oeurn , Liu Xianjie , Willander Magnus , Nur Omer
Published: November 2024

Arsenic is a toxic contaminant that can be found in drinking water.
Ni-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylation for the construction of carbocycles with contiguous quaternary carbon stereocenters
Authors: He Yicheng , Yan Biwei , Ma Cheng , Ni Shaofei , Guo Wusheng
Published: November 2024

The first Ni-catalyzed decarboxylative construction of carbocycles with contiguous quaternary carbons is reported. The allenylic group imparts unique electronic properties on the carbonates enabling further asymmetric annulations with alkenes.
Post-synthetic modification of covalent organic frameworks with active manganese centers for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in water
Authors: Gala Elena , C. Dubed Bandomo Geyla , Vettori Mattia , Royuela Sergio , Martínez-Fernández Marcos , Martínez José I. , Salagre Elena , Michel Enrique G. , Zamora Félix , Lloret-Fillol Julio , Segura José L.
Published: November 2024

A new COF incorporating terpyridine manganese complexes has been synthesized for evaluation as a CO2RR catalyst. This material has been found to be active for the heterogeneous electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in water.
Topotactic phase transformation of lithiated spinel to layered LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2: the interaction of 3-D and 2-D Li-ion diffusion
Authors: Shi Boyu , Gim Jihyeon , Li Tianyi , Koirala Krishna , Wang Chongmin , Hou Dewen , Liu Yuzi , Jorne Jacob , Croy Jason R. , Thackeray Michael M. , Lee Eungje
Published: November 2024

Newly discovered cubic Li-excess spinel (LxS) structured LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 cathode shows unique temperature-dependent topotactic phase transformation between 400–900 °C, affecting Li ion diffusion pathways and electrochemical performance.
Highly graphitized nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon supported Ni nanocrystals for efficient hydrazine-assisted CO2 splitting
Authors: Lian Kang , Ding Junyang , Zhang Jin , Zhang Quan , Liu Yifan , Hu Guangzhi , He Jia , Liu Xijun
Published: November 2024

An efficient nanoscale Ni-based catalyst enabled the energy-efficient coupling of HzOR with CO2RR for CO production.
An LED-driven Hematite/Bi4O5I2 nanocomposite as an S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient degradation of phenolic compounds in real wastewater
Authors: Rawat Akash , Srivastava Suneel Kumar , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Gupta Ashok Kumar
Published: November 2024

Heterojunction-based photocatalysts have recently emerged as a promising solution for removing organic pollutants from wastewater, especially those synthesized using low-carbon footprint methods.
Photothermal CuS@SiO2 nanocomposites for solar-driven anti-icing/deicing and synchronous evaporation and photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Rong , Zhang Helong , Zhong Yuwei , Tian Shouqin , Qian Xiong , Li Lee , Shayeh Javad Shabani , Sedghi Roya , Zhao Xiujian , Xie Yi
Published: November 2024

Development of CuS@SiO2 nanocomposites into superhydrophobic photothermal (SHP) CuS@SiO2 coating for anti-icing/deicing, and Janus CuS@SiO2-MF evaporator for synchronous photocatalytic dye degradation and water evaporation.
Leveraging nanomaterials for ultrasensitive biosensors in early cancer detection: a review
Authors: Khandelwal Drishti , Bhattacharya Aheli , Kumari Vanshika , Gupta Sachchidanand Soaham , Ranjan Kumar Rakesh , Mishra Vivek
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in nanotechnology revolutionize cancer diagnostics, better than PET-scans and biopsies. Ultrasensitive nanobiosensors spot trace biomarkers effectively, allowing early, precise detection and better outcomes, altering cancer care globally.
Non-Kekulé copolymer films for optoelectronics
Authors: Wu Niannian , Mitoma Nobuhiko , Mori Shunsuke , Chiew Yi Ling , Yu Xiuzhen , Oshima Yugo , Wang Shuxu , Liu Jinxu , Aida Takuzo
Published: November 2024

Copolymers of graphitic carbon nitride and graphitic carbon (gCN-co-gC) are synthesized using melamine and glucose. They act as semiconductors with stable radicals, even in the dark and at room temperature.
Carbon black-induced edge guided-metal lateral electrodeposition and its application in paper-based flexible electronic devices
Authors: Li Xuanzhang , Ni Weiwei , Song Danting , Zhou Chuanyu , Ze Ying , Ying Wenfeng , Sun Huibin , Huang Wei
Published: November 2024

Edge guided-metal lateral electrodeposition.
Stretchable electronics based on inorganic semiconducting materials
Authors: Kang Seung-Han , Jo Jeong-Wan , Kim Jaehyun , Park Sung Kyu
Published: November 2024

A comprehensive summary of stretchable electronics based on inorganic semiconducting materials, detailing the key components that comprise electronic systems and their applications, is provided.
A comprehensive construction of deep neural network‐based encoder–decoder framework for automatic image captioning systems
Authors: Rahman Md Mijanur , Uzzaman Ashik , Sami Sadia Islam , Khatun Fatema , Bhuiyan Md Al‐Amin
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel encoder–decoder framework based on deep neural networks and provides a thorough investigation into the field of automatic picture captioning systems. The suggested model uses a “long short‐term memory” decoder for word prediction and sentence construction, and a “convolutional neural network” as an encoder that is skilled at object recognition and spatial information retention. The long short‐term memory network functions as a sequence processor, generating a fixed‐length output vector for final predictions, while the VGG‐19 model is utilized as an image feature extractor. For both training and testing, the study uses a variety of photos from open‐access datasets, such as Flickr8k, Flickr30k, and MS COCO. The Python platform is used for implementation, with Keras and TensorFlow as backends. The experimental findings, which were assessed using the “bilingual evaluation understudy” metric, demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested methodology in automatically captioning images. By addressing spatial relationships in images and producing logical, contextually relevant captions, the paper advances image captioning technology. Insightful ideas for future study directions are generated by the discussion of the difficulties faced during the experimentation phase. By establishing a strong neural network architecture for automatic picture captioning, this study creates opportunities for future advancement and improvement in the area.
New interpretation of the two hard X-ray sources IGR J17503-2636 and IGR J17507-2647
Authors: Sidoli L. , Sguera V. , Esposito P. , Sathyaprakash R. , Ponti G. , Mondal S. , Bird A. J.
Published: November 2024

We report on the results of X-ray observations (XMM–Newton, INTEGRAL and Swift) of two hard X-ray sources, IGR J17503-2636 and IGR J17507-2647, whose nature is not fully elucidated in the literature. Three XMM–Newton observations covered the field of IGR J17503-2636, in 2020 and twice in 2023. The analysis of the two XMM–Newton observations performed in September 2023, six days apart, did not detect IGR J17503-2636, allowing us to pose the most stringent 3σ upper limit on the source flux to date (∼9.5 × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1, 2–10 keV, flux corrected for absorption). This value implies that the amplitude of the X-ray flux variability exceeds a factor of ∼2100, compared with the discovery outburst in 2018. A candidate X-ray periodicity at 0.335397(3) seconds has been barely detected (significance of ∼3.8σ) from IGR J17503-2636 with XMM–Newton (pulsed fraction of (10 ± 1)%). The new data, put into the context of previous literature, allow us to propose a new classification of IGR J17503-2636 as a symbiotic X-ray binary, rather than a candidate supergiant fast X-ray transient. IGR J17507-2647 was formerly reported below 10 keV only during Chandra observations performed in 2009. We report here on two XMM–Newton observations that serendipitously covered the source field in 2020 and in 2023, finding a stable X-ray emission, both in X-ray flux and spectral shape. The long-term, persistent X-ray emission has also been probed by several Swift/XRT short observations and by INTEGRAL data spanning several years. We have detected an iron line in the emission (with centroid energy in the range of 6.3–6.6 keV), never reported before in the IGR J17507-2647 spectrum. The source properties favor the identification with a cataclysmic variable.
Diffusive shock acceleration of dust grains at supernova remnants
Authors: Cristofari P. , Tatischeff V. , Chabot M.
Published: November 2024

Context. Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) is a prominent mechanism for energizing charged particles up to very large rigidities at astrophysical collisionless shocks. In addition to ions and electrons, it has been proposed that interstellar dust grains could also be accelerated through diffusive shock acceleration; for instance, at supernova remnants (SNRs).

Aims. Considering interstellar dust grains of various sizes and compositions, we investigate the possibility of grain acceleration at young SNR shocks (throughout the free expansion and Sedov-Taylor phases) and the maximum energies reached by the accelerated grains. We investigate the potential implications for the abundance of refractory species relative to volatile elements in the cosmic-ray composition.

Methods. We rely on semi-analytical descriptions of particle acceleration at strong shocks, and on self-similar solutions for the dynamics of SNR shock waves. For simplicity, type Ia thermonuclear SNRs expanding in a uniform interstellar medium are considered.

Results. We find that the acceleration of dust grains at relativistic speed is possible, up to a Lorentz factor of ∼102 and a kinetic energy of Ek/nuc ∼ 102 GeV/nuc for the smaller grains of size a ∼ 5 × 10−7 cm. We find that the subsequent sputtering of grains can produce nuclei with a sufficient rigidity to be injected in the process of diffusive shock acceleration. Such a scenario can help naturally account for the overabundance of refractory elements in the Galactic cosmic-ray composition, provided that a fraction, η ∼ 10−3 − 10−2, of dust grains swept up by an SNR are energized through DSA.
Welche Möglichkeiten eröffnet Recovery in der Suchtarbeit?
Authors: Stahmann Susanne , Jansen Heike
Published: November 2024

Ein Appell für Recovery-Orientierung in der Arbeit mit abhängigkeitserkrankten Menschen.
Chefsache Delirmanagement
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Fast ein Drittel der Patienten erkrankt in der Klinik an einem Delir – viele haben bereits zuvor
Symptome. Prävention und Behandlung spielen eine immer größere Rolle. Das Thema in den Fokus zu nehmen
und passende Konzepte zu entwickeln ist auch Managementaufgabe.
Palliative treatment of malignant intestinal obstruction with EUS-guided ileosigmoidostomy – a case report
Authors: Zundler Sebastian , Wolff Kerstin , Leppkes Moritz , Gaza Anne , Haberkamp Sophie , Strobel Deike , Siebler Jürgen , Neurath Markus F. , Waldner Maximilian
Published: November 2024

We present the case of a 70-year-old patient of Caucasian origin under palliative chemotherapy for metastasized colorectal cancer, who presented with signs of complete small bowel obstruction six months after placement of a diverting ileostomy. Following previous tumor perforation, he was not considered a candidate for further surgical intervention.

Thus, endoscopic ultrasound-guided enterocolostomy (i.e., ileosigmoidostomy) with a lumen-apposing metal stent was successfully performed in a coloenteric approach to restore the passage.

Oral nutrition could be resumed the next day, and the patient could be discharged in substantially improved condition after three days.
Combined one-step hybrid treatment for a paediatric giant internal carotid artery aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Pavesi Giacomo , Rechberger Julian S. , Millesi Elena , Cavallo Selene Marika , Serpico Fabio , Valluzzi Adelaide , Vallone Stefano , Iaccarino Corrado , Dimitrias Stavros
Published: November 2024

Background
Giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs) require complex treatment strategies including clipping, coiling, stenting, parent artery occlusion, bypass, or combined procedures. Neurovascular hybrid operating rooms (h-OR) combine a conventional operating theatre with high-resolution digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We describe a one-step combined surgical and endovascular treatment in a h-OR for a paediatric internal carotid artery giant aneurysm that can be an optimal solution to manage challenging cases, such as giant aneurysms.

Case Description
An 11-year-old boy presented with rapid onset right hemiparesis and left eyelid ptosis. A three months history of headache associated with sporadic vomit was reported. A giant, unruptured, left internal carotid artery aneurysm (ICA) was detected on imaging. The patient underwent surgical trapping of the aneurysm. Intraoperative DSA showed residual backflow from the posterior communicating artery (PComA) and coils were placed to completely exclude the aneurysm. At 18 months follow up, the patient showed a complete recovery and MRI showed a progressive reduction of the sac aneurysm.

Conclusions
Due to their morphologic variability, intracranial giant aneurysms may require a different procedural strategy instead of direct clipping or coiling. The introduction of h-OR allows combined treatments to be performed simultaneously in the same room setting. The present case shows that combined treatment in a neurovascular h-OR can be an optimal solution to manage challenging cases, such as giant aneurysms, reducing operative time with the added benefit of selecting an appropriate strategy adjustment in a multidisciplinary effort.
Relationship Between Screening-Detected Atrial Fibrillation and Blood Pressure Levels in Elderly Hypertensive Patients: The OMRON Heart Study
Authors: Senoo Keitaro , Nakata Mitsuko , Yukawa Arito , Kawai Kohei , Munakata Jun , Makino Masahiro , Tomura Nobunari , Iwakoshi Hibiki , Nishimura Tetsuro , Shimoo Satoshi , Shiraishi Hirokazu , Teramukai Satoshi , Matoba Satoaki
Published: November 2024

Background Hypertension is a well-known risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) and strokes, but studies assessing screening-detected AF in hypertensive populations and its relationship to the blood pressure (BP) are scarce.

Method We prospectively recruited hypertensive patients (aged ≥60 years) from all over Japan in a decentralized clinical trial. Participants were asked to measure their electrocardiogram (ECG) and BP at home for 3 months with a BP monitor equipped with ECG.

Results Between April 2022 and July 2023, 4,078 hypertensive patients from across the country participated in this study. The mean age was 66.3 ± 5.5 years, and the male proportion was 80.3%. After excluding those with no measurement data (n = 258), AF detection was 5.8% (n = 220/3,820), and the time to AF detection was 3 to 109 days (median 28 days). The mean BP at baseline was 133 ± 14/85 ± 9 mmHg in the morning and 125 ± 14/79 ± 9 mmHg in the evening. AF detection did not significantly differ between the baseline BP categories (log rank test, p = 0.54), with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.83 (0.57–1.19), 0.79 (0.55–1.14), and 0.99 (0.59–1.68) for systolic BP (SBP) 135 to 144 and/or diastolic BP (DBP) 85 to 89, SBP 145 to 159 and/or DBP 90 to 99, and SBP ≥ 160 and/or DBP ≥ 100, respectively (SBP ≤ 134 and DBP ≤ 84 as a reference). The results did not change when taking into account the impact of the measurement rates and antihypertensive drugs on AF detection during the observation period.

Conclusion Detection of undiagnosed AF was 5.8% in elderly hypertensives, with no significant differences between the baseline BP categories and no effect of the measurement rate or antihypertensive drugs.
Predictive factors for long-term patency in duodenal stenting for malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Razzaz David , Linder Stefan , Waldthaler Alexander , Holmberg Marcus , Ghorbani Poya
Published: November 2024

Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) occurs often late during disseminated disease, requiring palliation. Placement of duodenal self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) is a common method for relieving malignant GOO but recurrent obstruction is common, warranting reintervention. The aim of the present study was to identify predictive factors for stent patency at 3 months and survival. Also, stent patency rate and adverse events after duodenal stenting were analyzed.

This was a retrospective observational single-center study including all patients with malignant GOO receiving duodenal SEMS for palliation (2008–2021). Logistic regression for stent patency (3 months) and Cox regression for survival were undertaken.

Overall, 198 patients were included. The most common malignancies were pancreatic adenocarcinoma (40%), gastric adenocarcinoma (18%), and cholangiocarcinoma (13%). Uncovered SEMS were used in 88% of patients and the reintervention rate was 44%. The stent patency rate was 63% in 188 patients with clinical success. Predictors of stent patency at 3 months were jaundice, semi- or fully-covered stents, and chemotherapy prior to stenting. Median survival was 81 days (interquartile range 40–241) after stenting. In Cox regression, predictors for overall survival at 6 months were absence of jaundice and stent patency at 3 months. Stent dysfunction was the most common cause of reintervention and was managed by repeated stent (76%) or dilation (11%).

Treatment of malignant GOO with duodenal SEMS is effective but the reintervention rate is high. Predictors of stent patency were jaundice, semi- or fully-covered SEMS, and chemotherapy. Survival was impaired by jaundice and stent dysfunction.
GLP-1 receptor agonist use does not increase risk of respiratory complications post-endoscopy
Authors: Velji-Ibrahim Jena , Nathani Piyush , Patel Harsh K , Sharma Prateek
Published: November 2024

Data on respiratory complications associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) use before endoscopic procedures are limited.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX in adults with diabetes or obesity on GLP-1 RAs within 3 months of endoscopy, comparing them with non-GLP-1 RA users. Propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess outcomes.

Among 46,948 patients, no significant differences in post-endoscopy aspiration pneumonitis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–1.56) or pneumonia (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.83–1.24) were found between groups.

GLP-1 RA use before endoscopy does not increase respiratory complications, supporting continued preoperative medication use.
Entirely Biomass-Derived Hydrogel Composites for Possible Applications in Drug Delivery
Authors: Fitzgerald Megan M. , Morgan Melissa A. , Kerton Francesca M.
Published: November 2024

Entirely biomass-based chitosan-alginate hydrogel composites were prepared using mussel-derived calcite. Composite hydrogel beads were prepared with 0.0, 1.0, and 2.5 wt % calcite and were characterized using IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Diameters of beads were measured to ensure uniform preparation. The swelling behavior of beads was tested in 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, and deionized water at 37 °C. Beads containing calcite were found to have significantly less swelling ability in 0.1 M HCl and deionized water, but in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, no change in swelling ability was observed for beads containing zero calcite compared with those containing calcite. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) measurements of methylene blue, as a model drug, showed that 0.0 wt % calcite beads had an EE of 80.8% and those containing calcite had lower EE: 60.7% (1.0 wt % calcite) and 71.6% (2.5 wt % calcite).
Methylene blue release in a surrogate gastric environment (0.1 M HCl followed by 0.1 K buffer) showed that 0.0 wt % calcite beads had the least controlled release, whereas those containing calcite showed controlled release. Drug release results were found to be significant through a one-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05). TGA data show that SC levels in beads after placement in a surrogate gastric fluid (0.1 M HCl) are significantly reduced due to the reaction between calcite and HCl.
Telementoring in Endoscopy and Surgery
Authors: Feng Xiaoxi
Published: November 2024

Telementoring is the remote guidance of a mentee by an expert mentor specialist through a procedure or surgery. Advances in technology and telecommunications have enabled live interactions connecting people across the world over the same surgical operating field. While galvanized by COVID-era restrictions on travel and increasing reliance on virtual interfaces, there are also many other drivers for interest in this modality. Rural, isolated, or underserved locations stand to gain from prompt access to specialists, and there is potential for this technology to be resource-efficient and cost-effective. This review describes some of the telementoring forays in the fields of endoscopy, laparoscopy, and robotic surgery. This is a rapidly evolving field as it is highly technology dependent. Some challenges lie ahead before it can enjoy broader adoption, but telementoring shows promise as an approach that can help address unmet needs in unique clinical settings.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts for Acute and Chronic Portal Vein Thrombosis in Preparation for Liver Transplant
Authors: Novelli Paula M. , Leo Madeline , Orons Philip D.
Published: November 2024

The presence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in the pre-liver transplant patient can significantly impact waitlist, peri- and posttransplant outcomes, morbidity, and mortality. This article describes the pathophysiology of PVT and treatment options in patients with cirrhosis. It defines indications and rationale for placing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, emphasizing technical details and risks in patients with nonneoplastic PVT awaiting liver transplantation.
Refractory Gastrointestinal Bleeding due to Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor Treated with Application of Hemostatic powder
Authors: Ancil Sanish , Jayanna Sachin Hosahally , Chigurupati Sai Vamshi Krishna , Acharya Ritesh , Gupta Rajesh , Rana Surinder S.
Published: November 2024

Hemostatic powder is a new hemostatic modality that is easy to use and covers a large surface area. It causes hemostasis by mechanical tamponade over the bleeding vessel and increases the concentration of the clotting factor. In this image, we report a case of gastric neuroendocrine bleeding presenting with refractory bleeding and hemostasis achieved with the endoscopic application of hemostatic powder.
Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: What an Interventional Radiologist Should Know
Authors: Baby Akhil , Singh Shobhit , Betgeri Somsharan , Philips Cyriac Abby , Augustine Philip , Sasidharan Rajesh
Published: November 2024

Acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a common medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most common cause of NVUGIB is peptic ulcer disease, but the differential diagnosis is diverse. The management of NVUGIB begins with resuscitation of the patient followed by early upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy for diagnosis and initial treatment. Endovascular interventions have largely replaced surgery for the cases where endoscopic therapy fails, reflecting a paradigm shift toward minimally invasive and effective management strategies. It is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of arterial anatomy, common vascular variations, and different collateral pathways for successful endovascular management of NVUGIB. This review provides a thorough overview of NVUGIB, encompassing the management algorithm, imaging protocol, anatomical considerations, embolization techniques, types of embolic agents, and potential complications that interventional radiologists should consider when managing cases of NVUGIB.
An adaptive continuous threshold wavelet denoising method for LiDAR echo signal
Authors: Zheng Dezhi , Qu Tianchi , Hu Chun , Lu Shijia , Li Zhongxiang , Yang Guanyu , Yang Xiaojun
Published: November 2024

Atmospheric aerosols are the primary contributors to environmental pollution. As such aerosols are micro-to nanosized particles invisible to the naked eye, it is necessary to utilize LiDAR technology for their detection. The laser radar echo signal is vulnerable to background light and electronic thermal noise. While single-photon LiDAR can effectively reduce background light interference, electronic thermal noise remains a significant challenge, especially at long distances and in environments with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, conventional denoising methods cannot achieve satisfactory results in this case. In this paper, a novel adaptive continuous threshold wavelet denoising algorithm is proposed to filter out the noise. The algorithm features an adaptive threshold and a continuous threshold function. The adaptive threshold is dynamically adjusted according to the wavelet decomposition level, and the continuous threshold function ensures continuity with lower constant error, thus optimizing the denoising process. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance in improving SNR and reducing root mean square error (RMSE) compared with other algorithms. Experimental results show that denoising of an actual LiDAR echo signal results in a 4.37 dB improvement in SNR and a 39.5% reduction in RMSE. The proposed method significantly enhances the ability of single-photon LiDAR to detect weak signals.
Engineering and polarization properties of erbium-implanted lithium niobate films for integrated quantum applications
Authors: Kaloyeros Alex , Dutta Souryaya , Gallis Spyros
Published: November 2024

Rare-earth-doped materials have garnered significant attention as material platforms in emerging quantum information and integrated photonic technologies. Concurrently, advances in its nanofabrication processes have unleashed thin film lithium niobate (LN) as a leading force of research in these technologies, encompassing many outstanding properties in a single material. Leveraging the scalability of ion implantation to integrate rare-earth erbium (Er3+), which emits at 1532 nm, into LN can enable a plethora of exciting photonic and quantum technologies operating in the telecom C-band. Many of these technologies rely on coupling via polarization-sensitive photonic structures such as waveguides and optical nanocavities, necessitating fundamental material studies. Toward this goal, we have conducted an extensive study on the role of implantation and post-implantation processing in minimizing implantation-induced defectivity in x-cut thin film LN on an insulator. By leveraging this, we have demonstrated a cutting-edge ensemble optical linewidth of 140 GHz for Er emission in x-cut thin-film LN at 77 K. This finding highlights the significant progress in minimizing implantation-induced defects through careful ion implantation engineering and post-implantation processing. To the best of our knowledge, this linewidth measured at a higher temperature (77 K) is the narrowest when compared to the values reported for bulk-doped and implanted LN crystals at liquid helium temperatures (∼3 K), showcasing the potential of our approach for higher-temperature operation devices. Furthermore, we show that the Er photoluminescence (PL) is highly polarized perpendicular to the x-cut LN c-axis through systematic and combinational PL and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) studies. These results indicate that using Er emitters in thin film LN, along with their polarization characteristics and related ion implantation engineering, presents an opportunity to produce highly luminescent Er-doped LN photonic integrated devices and circuits for quantum and nanophotonic applications at telecom wavelengths.
Analysis of an open-air argon plasma driven photo-Fenton reaction for degradation of synthetic dyes: Optical emission spectroscopy and statistical design optimization
Authors: Tariq Urooj , Shukrullah Shazia , Khan Yasin , Saleem Muhammad , Shoaib Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This research was designed to treat synthetic dyes in aqueous solutions using an atmospheric pressure argon plasma-driven photo-Fenton process. Optical emission spectroscopy and statistical optimization of the argon plasma-driven photo-Fenton process parameters were performed to efficiently degrade synthetic dyes. Lab-scale experiments were performed utilizing an argon plasma jet coupled with a Fenton reagent mixture of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous ions (Fe2+). Based on the response surface methodology, a statistical Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the photo-Fenton process by changing Fe2+ concentration, H2O2 concentration, and plasma treatment time as the control factors. Optical emission spectroscopy was conducted to understand the reactive plasma species in the jet. Boltzmann plot was used to study the plasma temperature. The argon plasma jet contained OH, Ar, N2, and atomic oxygen (O) reactive species and radiations in the visible and ultraviolet range. According to BBD, the maximum dye removal efficiency of 97.01% was possible with 40 mg/l of Fe2+ ions, 200 mg/l of H2O2, and 17.5 min of plasma exposure. The statistical model is well-fitted to a second-order polynomial equation. The optimum conditions for dye degradation were Fe2+ (40 g/l), H2O2 (200 g/l), and a plasma treatment time 23.18 min obtained from the optimizer plot. The statistical model showed a 99.76% fit to the experimental data of dye degradation.
Inhibition of zDHHC7-driven protein S-palmitoylation prevents cognitive deficits in an experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Natale Francesca , Spinelli Matteo , Rinaudo Marco , Gulisano Walter , Nifo Sarrapochiello Ida , Aceto Giuseppe , Puzzo Daniela , Fusco Salvatore , Grassi Claudio
Published: November 2024

Protein post-translational modifications (PTM) play a crucial role in the modulation of synaptic function and their alterations are involved in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. S-palmitoylation is a PTM catalyzed by zinc finger DHHC domain containing (zDHHC) S-acyltransferases that affects both localization and activity of proteins regulating synaptic plasticity and amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism. Here, we found significant increases of both zDHHC7 expression and protein S-palmitoylation in hippocampi of both 3×Tg-AD mice and post-mortem Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Chronic intranasal administration of the S-palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate counteracted synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits, reduced the Aβ deposition in the hippocampus and extended the lifespan of both male and female 3×Tg-AD mice. Moreover, hippocampal silencing of zDHHC7 prevented the onset of cognitive deficits in the same experimental model. We also identified a FoxO1-mediated epigenetic mechanism inducing zDHHC7 expression, which was triggered by brain insulin resistance in 3×Tg-AD mice. Finally, in hippocampi of AD patients S-palmitoylation levels of Beta-Secretase 1 were associated with Aβ 1 to 42 load and they inversely correlated with Mini Mental State Examination scores. Our data reveal a key role of both zDHHC7 overexpression and protein hyperpalmitoylation in the onset and progression of AD-related alterations of synaptic plasticity and memory.
Force balance of opposing diffusive motors generates polarity-sorted microtubule patterns
Authors: Utzschneider Clothilde , Suresh Bhagyanath , Sciortino Alfredo , Gaillard Jérémie , Schaeffer Alexandre , Pattanayak Sudipta , Joanny Jean-François , Blanchoin Laurent , Théry Manuel
Published: November 2024

The internal organization of cells is largely determined by the architecture and orientation of the microtubule network. Microtubules serve as polar tracks for the selective transport of specific molecular motors toward either their plus or minus ends. How both motors reciprocally move microtubules and organize the network’s arrangement and polarity is unknown. Here, we combined experiments on reconstituted systems and theory to study the interaction of microtubules with both plus- and minus-end directed motors bound to a fluid membrane. Depending on motor concentrations, the system could lead either to the constant transport of microtubules or to their alignment, stacking, and immobilization in regular bands that separate motors into domains of opposite polarities. In bands, microtubules shared the same polarity and segregated the two opposing motors accordingly. These regular patterns resulted from the balance of forces produced by the two motors as they walked in opposite directions along microtubules. The system was maintained in a dynamic steady state in which the directional transport of microtubule-bound motors compensates for the random diffusion of lipid-bound motors. The size of motor domains depended on their respective concentrations. The constant flow of motors allowed the system to respond to variations in motor concentrations by moving microtubules to adapt to the new force balance. The polar sorting and linear arrangement of microtubules associated with the segregation of motors of opposite polarity are typical of cellular architectures, which these data may help to better understand.
Molecular insights into the interaction between a disordered protein and a folded RNA
Authors: Mitra Rishav , Usher Emery T. , Dedeoğlu Selin , Crotteau Matthew J. , Fraser Olivia A. , Yennawar Neela H. , Gadkari Varun V. , Ruotolo Brandon T. , Holehouse Alex S. , Salmon Loïc , Showalter Scott A. , Bardwell James C. A.
Published: November 2024

Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) are well established as contributors to intermolecular interactions and the formation of biomolecular condensates. In particular, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) often harbor IDRs in addition to folded RNA-binding domains that contribute to RBP function. To understand the dynamic interactions of an IDR–RNA complex, we characterized the RNA-binding features of a small (68 residues), positively charged IDR-containing protein, Small ERDK-Rich Factor (SERF). At high concentrations, SERF and RNA undergo charge-driven associative phase separation to form a protein- and RNA-rich dense phase. A key advantage of this model system is that this threshold for demixing is sufficiently high that we could use solution-state biophysical methods to interrogate the stoichiometric complexes of SERF with RNA in the one-phase regime. Herein, we describe our comprehensive characterization of SERF alone and in complex with a small fragment of the HIV-1 Trans-Activation Response (TAR) RNA with complementary biophysical methods and molecular simulations. We find that this binding event is not accompanied by the acquisition of structure by either molecule; however, we see evidence for a modest global compaction of the SERF ensemble when bound to RNA. This behavior likely reflects attenuated charge repulsion within SERF via binding to the polyanionic RNA and provides a rationale for the higher-order assembly of SERF in the context of RNA. We envision that the SERF–RNA system will lower the barrier to accessing the details that support IDR–RNA interactions and likewise deepen our understanding of the role of IDR–RNA contacts in complex formation and liquid–liquid phase separation.
Hominin brain size increase has emerged from within-species encephalization
Authors: Püschel Thomas A. , Nicholson Samuel L. , Baker Joanna , Barton Robert A. , Venditti Chris
Published: November 2024

The fact that rapid brain size increase was clearly a key aspect of human evolution has prompted many studies focusing on this phenomenon, and many suggestions as to the underlying evolutionary patterns and processes. No study to date has however separated out the contributions of change through time within vs. between hominin species while simultaneously incorporating effects of body size. Using a phylogenetic approach never applied before to paleoanthropological data, we show that relative brain size increase across ~7 My of hominin evolution arose from increases within individual species which account for an observed overall increase in relative brain size. Variation among species in brain size after accounting for this effect is associated with body mass differences but not time. In addition, our analysis also reveals that the within-species trend escalated in more recent lineages, implying an overall pattern of accelerating relative brain size increase through time.
MR1 presents vitamin B6–related compounds for recognition by MR1-reactive T cells
Authors: McInerney Mitchell P. , Awad Wael , Souter Michael N. T. , Kang Yang , Wang Carl J. H. , Chan Yew Poa Kean , Abdelaal Mohamed R. , Le Ngoc H. , Shepherd Chloe M. , McNeice Conor , Meehan Lucy J. , Nelson Adam G. , Raynes Jeremy M. , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , McCluskey James , Chen Zhenjun , Ang Ching-Seng , Fairlie David P. , Le Nours Jérôme , Illing Patricia T. , Rossjohn Jamie , Purcell Anthony W.
Published: November 2024

The major histocompatibility complex class I related protein (MR1) presents microbially derived vitamin B2 precursors to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. MR1 can also present other metabolites to activate MR1-restricted T cells expressing more diverse T cell receptors (TCRs), some with anti-tumor reactivity. However, knowledge of the range of the antigen(s) that can activate diverse MR1-reactive T cells remains incomplete. Here, we identify pyridoxal (vitamin B6) as a naturally presented MR1 ligand using unbiased mass spectrometry analyses of MR1-bound metabolites. Pyridoxal, and the related compound, pyridoxal 5-phosphate bound to MR1 and enabled cell surface upregulation of wild type MR1*01 and MR1 expressing the Arg9His polymorphism associated with the MR1*04 allotype in a manner dependent on Lys43-mediated Schiff-base formation. Crystal structures of MR1*01 in complex with pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5-phosphate showed how these ligands were accommodated within the A-pocket of MR1. T cell lines transduced with the 7.G5 TCR, which has reported “pan-cancer” specificity, were specifically activated by pyridoxal presented by antigen-presenting cells expressing MR1*01 and MR1 allotypes bearing the less common Arg9His polymorphism. 7.G5 T cells also recognized, to a lesser extent, pyridoxal 5-phosphate and, importantly, recognition of both vitamers was blocked by an anti-MR1 antibody. 7.G5 TCR reactivity toward pyridoxal was enhanced when presented by the Arg9His polymorphism-bearing MR1 allotypes. Vitamin B6, and vitamers thereof, have been associated with various cancers, and here we describe a link between this ligand, MR1, and its allomorphs, and the pan-cancer 7.G5 TCR. This work identifies an MR1 ligand that can activate a diverse MR1-restricted TCR.
Exploring EFL vocabulary learning through the story continuation writing task
Authors: Tu Mengwei , Ma Qing , Jiang Lin
Published: November 2024

Although Reading-Writing Integrated Tasks (RWITs) are known to be effective for vocabulary learning, few studies
have explored learners’ cognitive behaviors in processing new words during RWITs. Using a mixed-methods design, this study
examined both the learning outcomes and cognitive processes of vocabulary acquisition through the Story Continuation Writing Task
(SCWT), an emerging RWIT in EFL contexts. Forty-one Chinese EFL students were divided into two groups: one created an ending to an
English story (SCWT), and the other summarized its main ideas (control). Results showed that (1) the SCWT group outperformed the
control group in retaining word knowledge related to meaning and use, though no significant difference was found in form knowledge
gains; and (2) SCWT participants engaged in more frequent and deeper vocabulary processing, including checking glossaries,
preparing words for writing, engaging deeply with the text, activating personal experiences, and meticulously revising their work.
These findings enhance our understanding of RWITs and inform the use of SCWTs for vocabulary instruction in EFL contexts.
“You have no right!”
Authors: Abbaszadeh Elnaz , Dabbagh Ali
Published: November 2024

This paper addresses conceptualizations of Iranian women represented in the dialogues and visuals of the Iranian
locally-produced film The Paternal House; a film that portrays Iranian women in pre- and post-revolutionary Iran.
Our findings, based on cultural conceptualizations analytical framework, revealed cultural metaphors (woman as slut,
rancid food, crooked rib, ungodly human, and big-mouthed), cultural schemas (Iranian women
as related to one’s aberou ‘credit’, gheirat ‘honor’, and
Iranian women as humiliated characters who suffers from lack of personal autonomy), and a cultural category
(inferior gender) related to Iranian women before the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Also, the study showed a
reconceptualization of the cultural schema of lack of personal autonomy in post-revolutionary Iran, where educated
Iranian women confidently strive for their freedom of choice. The study highlights the importance of film dialogues and visuals in
conveying cultural conceptualizations of women in a specific speech community over time.
What can a dictation corpus teach us about orthographic variation and the mastery of context-sensitive
spellings?
Authors: Dister Anne , Moreau Marie-Louise
Published: November 2024

La dictée du Balfroid is a very popular dictation contest in French-speaking Belgium. Since its
first edition in 1988, thousands of children in the 6th year of primary school have taken part in this event, which meets a large
media audience.

In this article, we analyze a corpus of some 11,000 dictations produced during this championship. We focus on
orthographic variation and phoneme-grapheme correspondences, particularly for context-sensitive graphemes such as
c or g.
Dans l’ombre de la guerre
Authors: Uvsløkk Geir
Published: November 2024

This article explores memorial distances — i.e., forms of distances that are both personal, temporal, medial, cultural, linguistic, and hermeneutic — in Pas pleurer by Lydie Salvayre (2014) and L’Art de perdre by Alice Zeniter (2017). The two novels are retellings of violent and traumatic historical events — the Spanish war and the Algerian war respectively — by persons who did not themselves witness these events. As such, they are emblematic examples of indirect mediation of conflict memory. The article emphasizes the importance of studying the complexity and the multiplicity of memorial distances in such narratives and argues that such an approach allows a broader and deeper understanding of the multi-layered memory work that takes place in Pas pleurer and L’Art de perdre.
Elements of proper conclusions
Authors: Pols Freek
Published: November 2024

Investigating first-year physics students’ ability to draw proper conclusions, we analysed 87 conclusions from the same experiment. Through rankings by teaching assistants we identified seven key elements of effective conclusions. These findings reveal a significant gap in students’ skills, with about half of the conclusions deemed inadequate. This study underscores the necessity for targeted educational interventions to enhance conclusion-drawing capabilities in physics education. The set of seven elements might provide guidance to improve students’ ability to draw proper conclusions.