bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epistemologia negra sapatão como vetor de uma práxis humana libertária
Authors: Saunders Tanya L.
Published: April 2018

Nesse ensaio, a autora oferece algumas reflexões sobre como uma epistemologia negra sapatão pode ser um dos pontos produtivos para pensar uma teoria de liberação decolonial.  A autora coloca que a definição do “Humano” está baseada no processo colonial através do qual a elite do mundo ocidental entrou no projeto de definir quem é um ser humano e quem não é.  Usando uma pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento das ideologias de raça, gênero e sexualidades não normativas, a autora mostra como o corpo da mulher negra era central na construção do sujeito “não humano” enquanto o homem branco, burguês, cristão cis e heterossexual formou a base do “humano”.  Isso tem implicações profundas em como desenvolver, senão imaginar, a liberação.
A lenda da trava leiteira
Authors: Lustosa Tertuliana Mascarenhas
Published: April 2018

Eu propus-me a realizar uma pesquisa para escrever uma lenda, a lenda da trava leiteira, o que me demandou, uma investigação sobre o gênero lenda e a oralidade, e também sobre política e lutas afirmativas no âmbito da sexualidade e do feminismo. Toda essa investigação confrontou arte contemporânea, protesto, pintura, etc.: Lyz Parayzo, Augusto Braz, Delacroix, Indiana Siqueira, Luciana Vasconcellos e Evelym Gutierrez... O corpo da trava leiteira foi uma pesquisa sobre o meu próprio corpo trans e suas modificações e vetores políticos, o que me fez perceber que o mais prudente para compreender a lenda seria entender antes a relação entre cidade e natureza (o universo dos rios) enquanto fonte de imaginação e narrativa popular. Sendo assim, busquei a lenda do Cabeça de Cuia e a lenda da lagoa do Parnaguá.
Queimadas: a metáfora da caça às bruxas empreendidas durante a colonização para pensar violência contra mulher nas cidades.
Authors: Gorjon Melina Garcia , Galindo Dolores Cristina Gomes
Published: April 2018

Este ensaio, narra minha experiência enquanto artista, pesquisadora e feminista na cidade de Assis-SP. Por meio da série fotográfica “Queimadas”, tento evocar noções como, a caça às bruxas e a colonização. As queimadas acontecem nos terrenos baldios, por conta do tempo seco ou então quando algum morador quer “limpar” os terrenos de ervas daninhas. Esses mesmos espaços, dos terrenos baldios são espaços de medo, ao circular na cidade, nesses mesmos locais, temos relatos de assédios e perseguições, uma região pouco povoada e perto de uma universidade.  Por meio das fotografias, convido amigas e faço auto-retratos capazes de anunciar como a prática de caça das bruxas, metaforicamente pode falar da perseguição e assédio às mulheres nas ruas da cidade. Bem como as cinzas ali deixadas, remetem a violência sofrida, mas também pode ser um símbolo de resistência e de práticas de sobrevivência à violência.
Amor com a cidade: pornografando o espaço público com o feminino
Authors: Castro Thais Faria
Published: April 2018

Pornografia para fora de quatro paredes. O curta “Amor com a cidade”, uma obra documental e ficcional, que pornografa o espaço urbano, onde o sexo ocupa as ruas tomadas pelo concreto e seus enormes edifícios, pontes, escadas, passarelas. Uma mulher, sua sexualidade e o seu prazer no espaço público “molhando” por onde passa. A buceta empoderada de Juliana Dornelles, a catedral, a praça, os garis, os moradores de rua, a solidão, os vazios e o silêncio de duas grandes cidades: São Paulo e Porto Alegre.
TRANSterritorializações – O espaço (im)preciso da travestilidade
Authors: Bitencourt Kueyla Andrade
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar o processo de construção das ocupações territoriais constituídos a partir dos espaços urbanos considerados como relacionais, dinâmicos e em constante atribuição de sentido, uma perspectiva incorporal que pode estar a serviço tanto da uniformização, quanto da ressingularização dos processos subjetivos. Pretende-se apresentar perspectivas dissidentes do processo de travestilização - a partir da noção de pós-biografia, que questiona a noção de gênero e de identidade abordados de modo linear e naturalizado e, por outro lado, considera subjetividades múltiplas, fluidas, imprecisas - inspirado na trajetória de Gisberta, travesti que mora e trabalha no interior da Bahia, e aponta para a discussão decolonial que pretende avançar na geopolítica da elaboração do conhecimento e dispor das ocupações territoriais no interior.  O trabalho está estruturado a partir da compreensão das Linhas de Vida propostas por Suely Rolnik em Cartografias Sentimental e como elas concebem produções de subjetividade e contextos de sociabilidade que propiciam desterritorializações e reterritorializações constantes.
Masculinidade e heteronormatividade: temas-desafio nas instituições educacionais
Authors: Tatagiba Ana Paula
Published: April 2018

O ingresso masculino nas creches públicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro não passou despercebido:  conversas informais e reuniões com os pais subsidiaram a decisão das mulheres, ocupantes dos cargos de direção, de introduzirem alterações no cotidiano, afastando, por exemplo, os homens de atividades referente ao cuidado com o corpo das crianças.  Essa ocorrência foi uma das inspirações de pesquisa cujo objetivo geral é compreender as bases que alicerçam a ordem sexo/gênero, analisando os empecilhos à sua superação. O(s) processo(s) histórico(s) de instituição das relações de gênero, com destaque para a constituição da masculinidade, é o objeto de estudo privilegiado no alcance deste trabalho. As análises elaboradas possibilitaram concluir que a resistência à ousadia desses homens que passaram a desenvolver atividades que socialmente são reconhecidas como "femininas", entre outros aspectos, denota uma contraditória defesa da heteronormatividade.
A musicalidade da cena
 [Jacyan Castilho]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança Periódico
Published: April 2018

Os aspectos musicais de um espetáculo teatral, especificamente em suas noções de ‘ritmo’ e de ‘dinâmica’, são ainda hoje considerados como elementos ornamentais ou complementares da composição, relegados a segundo plano, como constituintes da poética do espetáculo. Entretanto, estes aspectos são ferramentas de produção de sentido, que permeiam, muitas vezes de forma intuitiva, o processo de composição da cena.
Amigos para sempre
 [Luciano Bahia]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança Periódico
Published: April 2018

Este artigo está dividido em seis partes. 1) Como o autor se envolveu com música para peças de teatro. 2) Aspectos da trilha sonora "Ao Vivo": o ator cantando e tocando. 3) Aspectos da trilha sonora gravada. 4) Problemas técnicos de sonorização na Bahia. 5) Música para coreografias. 6) O resultado da sua experiência.
Policarpo Quaresma: uma apostacênica no país que não terminou
 [Luiz Marfuz]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança Periódico
Published: April 2018

Policarpo Quaresma: uma apostacênica no país que não terminou
L’expansivité du rituel : autorité du novlangue ou changement de paradigme?
 [Jean-Marie PRADIER]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança Periódico
Published: April 2018

Depuis quelques décennies le mot rituel présenteune occurrence particulièrement élevée dans les études et lespratiques artistiques, au point de prendre la place d'un vasteensemble lexical particulièrement riche et précis. A première vue,cet usage quelque peu abusif semble accompagner l'extensiondes Performance studies, et une certaine interprétation des recherchesde Jerzy Grotowski (1933-1999). L'analyse de son ontogenèserévèle une histoire complexe et de multiples sources :l'anthropologie évolutionniste, l'opposition de l'anglicanismeau cérémonial catholique, la rencontre de l'anthropologie (VictorTurner) et de l'éthologie (1965).
Conselho Editorial
Authors: Teatro & Dança REPERTÓRIO:
Published: April 2018

Conselho Editorial
Fronteiras vulneráveis: teatro, performance e dança
[Erika Gomes, Edson Fernando]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança
Published: April 2018

Este artigo apresenta, sob a forma de conferências, o desenvolvimento de duas pesquisas de mestrado. Elegendo o confronto teórico (próprio do ato da conferência), o conceito de performance é discutido e analisado a partir das questões disparadas pelos interlocutores, tendo como objeto de investigação exatamente o lócus de pesquisa de Erika Gomes, isto é, o espetáculo de dança Por onde se vê, cujo referencial teórico encontra-se assentado no pensamento de Renato Cohen e Roselee Goldberg. A partir da mútua provocação entre os pesquisadores, a relação fronteiriça entre teatro, dança e performance na contemporaneidade, identificada por Hans-Thies Lehmann como "campo intermediário", vai se configurando como horizonte salutar dessas linguagens artísticas, pois, por se tratar de fronteiras vulneráveis, surge a possibilidade, tanto para o teatro quanto para a dança, de deixar de produzir uma obra como produto acabado, "coisificado", pronto para consumo contemplativo e de mero entretenimento, para então produzir, a partir da radicalização de procedimentos operada pela performance, uma obra processual que permita estabelecer uma intensa comunicação entre artistas e público.

This article presents, under the approach of dualistic conferences, the research that have been accomplished by two master students. Electing the theoric confrontation , the concept of performance , is contested and analyzed from the questions between the interlocutors, having as investigation object exactly the research scene from Erika Gomes, we mean, the show "por onde se vê", is based on the theoric referential from the ideas of Renato Cohen and Roselee Goldberg. Using as initial point , the mutual provocation between the researchers , the border relation between theater , dance and performance at the contemporaneity identified by Hans-Thies Lehmann as an 'intermediary field' , configurating as a salutar horizon from these artistic languages , as we are talking of vulnerable borders , there is a possibility as much for the theater as for the dance of ceasing the production of a finished artistic work , something made only for contemplative consumption only for entertainment, an then to produce from the radicalization of procedures operated by the performance, a procedural work that permits to establish an intense communication between artists and the public.
L’ANTHROPOLOGIE D’ALBERT PIETTE: APPROCHE DE L’INFIME SPECTACULARITE HUMAINE
 [Jérôme Dubois]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança
Published: April 2018

Albert Piette gagne à être connu. Il est un anthropologue qui propose une méthode originale, à l’encontre des grandes théories de sa discipline, puisque, contrairement aux théories macroscopiques, il se fait phénoménologiquement le chantre des moindres détails et de la façon dont ils dénotent une plus ou moins grande présence, voire absence, des êtres à l’action en train se passer. En cela, il donne plus d’importance aux êtres en présence-absence qu’aux dits acteurs sociaux. Il met notamment en pratique une méthodologie d’observation basée sur l’usage systématique de la photographie, et sur l’entretien d’explicitation où les êtres humains observés reviennent sur leurs attitudes enregistrées. Or, ce parti pris, a une grande pertinence dans le domaine ethnoscénologique des arts du spectacle. C’est ce que nous allons montrer dans cet article.

Albert Piette deserves to be known. He is an anthropologist who offers an original method, against the major theories of his discipline, because, unlike the macroscopic theories, it is phenomenologically the bard of details and how they refl ect a greater or lesser presence, even absence, of people making action to happen. In this he gives more importance to the present-absent beings than to named social actors. It puts into practice a particular method of observation based on the systematic use of photography, and maintenance of explaining where humans observed return on their attitudes recorded. This bias is of great relevance in the field of performing arts and ethnoscenology. That is what we show in this article.
DUAS PALAVRAS MÁGICAS EM CENA: INTRÉPIDA TRUPE
 [Meran Vargens]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança
Published: April 2018

O artigo traça a trajetória dos 25 anos da Intrépida Trupe, grupo que, desde os anos 80, revoluciona a cena contemporânea brasileira mesclando as linguagens de circo, dança e teatro. Numa narrativa que busca refl etir o espírito presente na fi losofi a e nos espetáculos da Trupe, contextualiza- se a criação da companhia, suas estratégias de criação e de desenvolvimento técnico, os meios de produção e manutenção, o vínculo com projetos sociais e com o ensino das artes circenses e do movimento, além das novas ações do grupo numa interferência direta na vida social e cultural da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.

Two magic words on the stage: Intrépida Trupe. This article maps the Intrépida Trupe’s 25 year trajectory. The group has been revolutionizing the Brazilian contemporary stage since the 1980s, blending the languages of circus,dance and theatre. The company’s foundation, its creation strategies and development techniques, means of production and maintenance, link with social projects and teaching circus skills and movement are contextualized in a narrative that seeks to reflect the spirit present in the Trupe’s philosophy and shows. The article also addresses the group’s new actions via direct interference into the social and cultural life of the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Hybrid 2D Dual‐Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Water Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Rui Kun , Zhao Guoqiang , Chen Yaping , Lin Yue , Zhou Qian , Chen Jiayi , Zhu Jixin , Sun Wenping , Huang Wei , Dou Shi Xue
Published: April 2018

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF‐derived nanostructures are recently emerging as promising catalysts for electrocatalysis applications. Herein, 2D MOFs nanosheets decorated with Fe‐MOF nanoparticles are synthesized and evaluated as the catalysts for water oxidation catalysis in alkaline medium. A dramatic enhancement of the catalytic activity is demonstrated by introduction of electrochemically inert Fe‐MOF nanoparticles onto active 2D MOFs nanosheets. In the case of active Ni‐MOF nanosheets (Ni‐MOF@Fe‐MOF), the overpotential is 265 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, which is lowered by ≈100 mV after hybridization due to the 2D nanosheet morphology and the synergistic effect between Ni active centers and Fe species. Similar performance improvement is also successfully demonstrated in the active NiCo‐MOF nanosheets. More importantly, the real catalytic active species in the hybrid Ni‐MOF@Fe‐MOF catalyst are unraveled. It is found that, NiO nanograins (≈5 nm) are formed in situ during oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process and act as OER active centers as well as building blocks of the porous nanosheet catalysts. These findings provide new insights into understanding MOF‐based catalysts for water oxidation catalysis, and also shed light on designing highly efficient MOF‐derived nanostructures for electrocatalysis.
Dynamic‐ and Light‐Switchable Self‐Assembled Plasmonic Metafilms
Authors: Cormier Sean , Ding Tao , Turek Vladimir , Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: April 2018

Large‐area dynamic switchable plasmonic metafilms composed of a network of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and the thermo‐responsive polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are self‐assembled by casting Au@PNIPAM core–shell nanoparticles. These dense plasmonic films present an unusual optical behavior arising from the macroscale effective medium response of the film and the microscopic interactions of the gold nanoparticles. Such intensely colored plasmonic metafilms can be thermally actuated across large areas via direct heating, allowing extraction of the tuning of the effective dielectric permittivity of this metamaterial. By contrast, local plasmonic heating by illuminating the Au NPs in these metafilms enables sub‐second and highly reversible contraction of the plasmonic metafilms, capable of pumping water. This work provides a paradigm for switchable metafilms and metasurfaces that can be harnessed for different applications such as sensing, imaging optics, and image displays.
The Effect of Polymorphism on the Kinetics of Adsorption and Degradation: A Case of Hydrogen Chloride Vapor on Cellulose
Authors: Niinivaara Elina , Arshath Shiek Abdullah Abdul , Nieminen Kaarlo , Bismarck Alexander , Kontturi Eero
Published: April 2018

Control of the reactivity of natural polymers – such as semicrystalline cellulose – through polymorphic transitions is a potent, yet underexplored tool in modern polymer science. Here, the degradation behavior of three artificial cellulose polymorphs (cellulose II, IIII, and IIIII) in the presence of hydrogen chloride vapor is explored. While the ultimate results of hydrolyses correspond to those found for aqueous HCl, the kinetic scission models exhibit a unique trend for each polymorph, unlike those reported for aqueous acid or enzymatic hydrolyses. In addition to the polymorphic distinctions, these atypical trends are attributed to the nonequilibrium in the hydrolysis set up and the irregular adsorption of HCl molecules to the substrate surfaces. The results point to a new way of approaching the reactivity of natural polymers where polymorphism is regarded as one of the parameters for the kinetics and outcome of chemical reactions.
Electrical and Optical Properties of VO2 Polymorphic Films Grown Epitaxially on Y‐Stabilized ZrO2
Authors: Choi Songhee , Chang Sung‐Jin , Oh Junhyeob , Jang Jae Hyuck , Lee Shinbuhm
Published: April 2018

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) polymorphs have many interesting physical and chemical properties that are crystal‐structure dependent. It is reported that polymorphic (010)VO2(M1), (100)VO2(A), and (100)VO2(B) can be epitaxially grown on (001)‐, (011)‐, and (111)‐oriented Y‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ), respectively. While VO2(M1) shows a typical metal–insulator transition near 68 °C, and VO2(B) exhibits insulating behavior, the resistivity of VO2(A) is lower by three orders of magnitude than that of (100)VO2(A) epitaxial films previously grown on (011)SrTiO3. Ellipsometry reveals that the bandgap of VO2(A) also decreases. Each VO2 polymorphic film grown on cost‐effective YSZ will be of great interest for numerous electronic and energy applications.
Electric Field–Induced Magnetization Rotation in Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Fluids
Authors: Gao Rongli , Xu Zhiyi , Bai Lang , Zhang Qingmei , Wang Zhenhua , Cai Wei , Chen Gang , Deng Xiaoling , Cao Xianlong , Luo Xiaodong , Fu Chunling
Published: April 2018

Multiferroics are of interest for applications as the magnetoelectric coupling effect between ferroelectric and magnetic order parameters. Here, an approach to control and switch the ferromagnetic orientation with an electric field using the multiferroic fluids is reported. A new multiferroic material, the so‐called magnetoelectric multiferroic fluids, has been prepared by distributing surface treated Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4@CoFe2O4 core–shell structured particles in to a highly insulating silicone oil. An electromagnetic coupling phenomenon is used that is manifested in core–shell structure consisting of a ferromagnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 wrapped tightly with the ferroelectric BaTiO3 in the fluid, which is based on magnetoelectric coupling at the interface between a ferromagnet and the ferroelectric. Three general manifestations of the coupling interactions are discovered, the first is that the hysteresis loops tend to shift from the origin along the voltage axis toward the positive or positive direction, an exchange bias like behavior, a consequence of pinned effect; the second is an enhancement of the coercive field of the ferromagnet as a consequence of enhanced rotate drag effect; and the third one is the improved residual magnetization. The results imply that conventional core–shell structured multiferroic fluids may have an opportunity to gain electrical control of the magnetization.
Sodium‐Ion Battery Materials and Electrochemical Properties Reviewed
Authors: Chayambuka Kudakwashe , Mulder Grietus , Danilov Dmitri L. , Notten Peter H. L.
Published: April 2018

The demand for electrochemical energy storage technologies is rapidly increasing due to the proliferation of renewable energy sources and the emerging markets of grid‐scale battery applications. The properties of batteries are ideal for most electrical energy storage (EES) needs, yet, faced with resource constraints, the ability of current lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to match this overwhelming demand is uncertain. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are a novel class of batteries with similar performance characteristics to LIBs. Since they are composed of earth‐abundant elements, cheaper and utility scale battery modules can be assembled. As a result of the learning curve in the LIB technology, a phenomenal progression in material development has been realized in the SIB technology. In this review, innovative strategies used in SIB material development, and the electrochemical properties of anode, cathode, and electrolyte combinations are elucidated. Attractive performance characteristics are herein evidenced, based on comparative gravimetric and volumetric energy densities to state‐of‐the‐art LIBs. In addition, opportunities and challenges toward commercialization are herein discussed based on patent data trend analysis. With extensive industrial adaptations expected, the commercial prospects of SIBs look promising and this once discarded technology is set to play a major role in EES applications.
Greener, Nonhalogenated Solvent Systems for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yavari Mozhgan , Mazloum‐Ardakani Mohammad , Gholipour Somayeh , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Turren‐Cruz Silver‐Hamill , Taghavinia Nima , Grätzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders , Saliba Michael
Published: April 2018

All current highest efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) use highly toxic, halogenated solvents, such as chlorobenzene (CB) or toluene (TLN), in an antisolvent step or as solvent for the hole transporter material (HTM). A more environmentally friendly antisolvent is highly desirable for decreasing chronic health risk. Here, the efficacy of anisole (ANS), as a greener antisolvent for highest efficiency PSCs, is investigated. The fabrication inside and outside of the glovebox showing high power conversion efficiencies of 19.9% and 15.5%, respectively. Importantly, a fully nonhalogenated solvent system is demonstrated where ANS is used as both the antisolvent and the solvent for the HTM. With this, state‐of‐the‐art efficiencies close to 20.5%, the highest to date without using toxic CB or TLN, are reached. Through scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis, photoluminescence, and X‐ray diffraction, it is shown that ANS results in similar mixed‐ion perovskite films under glovebox atmosphere as CB and TLN. This underlines that ANS is indeed a viable green solvent system for PSCs and should urgently be adopted by labs and companies to avoid systematic health risks for researchers and employees.
The analysis of correlation between frailty index and postoperative complications of aged patients with nodular goiter
Authors: Li Shuang , Nie Yue , Zhan Junkun , Wang Yanjiao , Huang Wu , Wang Yi , He Jieyu , Liu Youshuo
Published: April 2018

Objective

To explore the correlation between frailty index (FI) and postoperative complications of aged patients with nodular goiter (NG).

Methods

A total of 120 aged patients with NG undergoing operative treatment from May 2013 to October 2015 in our hospital were selected. All of them were divided into 3 groups according to the FI as follows: nonfrail group (FI < 0.2), intermediately frail group (0.2 ≤ FI < 0.4), and frail group (FI ≥ 0.4). Clinical data of patients about general data, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification, hospital stays, and postoperative complications were examined. Then, the correlations between the indexes above and FI were examined.

Results

Frailty index and the ASA classification have some relevance (r = .265, P = .007). The postoperative complication rates of total nonfrail group, intermediately frail group, and frail group were, respectively, 4 cases (11.4%), 11 cases (31.4%), and 24 cases (48.0%). With the increase in FI, the incidence of postoperative complications and hospital stays had also significantly increased. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve examining frailty's ability to forecast postoperative complications was 0. 815 (95% CI: 0.675‐0.954, P = .000).

Conclusion

The level of frailty index is a risk factor for postoperative complications of aged patients with NG. The preoperative frailty index evaluation can provide reference evidence for the treatment of aged NG patients undergoing surgery.
Resource reallocation patterns within Sagittaria trifolia inflorescences following differential pollination
Authors: Dai Can , Luo Wen‐Jie , Gong Yan‐Bing , Liu Fan , Wang Zheng‐Xiang
Published: April 2018

Premise of the Study

Understanding resource allocation to reproduction, a key factor in life history tradeoffs, has long intrigued plant ecologists. Despite the recognized importance of understanding the movement of resources among flowers following variable pollination, the patterns of resource reallocation to plant reproductive organs have not been thoroughly addressed. In this study, we aimed to empirically explore how resources redistribute within inflorescences in response to differential pollination intensities.

Methods

Using a common herb, Sagittaria trifolia, we conducted supplemental and controlled pollination for single, some, or all flowers in simple and complex inflorescences, and compared their resulting fruiting probabilities, seed production, and average seed masses.

Key Results

Pollen supplementation of a single flower significantly increased its fruiting probability; however, the same manipulation of an inflorescence did not increase its overall reproduction. Single pollen‐supplemented flowers had a higher percentage fruit set than inflorescences receiving supplemental pollination. In complex inflorescences, supplemental pollination had no effect on the reproductive success of flowers on the lateral or main branches.

Conclusions

We provided evidence of resource reallocation from controlled to pollen‐supplemented flowers in simple inflorescences; however, resources were unlikely to be reallocated between the main and lateral branches in the complex inflorescences, suggesting that flowering branches represent integrated physiological units in S. trifolia. The results also demonstrated that single‐flower supplemental pollination would exaggerate pollen limitation and lead to a biased understanding of a plant's reproductive status.
A matter of phylogenetic scale: Distinguishing incomplete lineage sorting from lateral gene transfer as the cause of gene tree discord in recent versus deep diversification histories
Authors: Knowles L. Lacey , Huang Huateng , Sukumaran Jeet , Smith Stephen A.
Published: April 2018

Premise of the Study

Discordant gene trees are commonly encountered when sequences from thousands of loci are applied to estimate phylogenetic relationships. Several processes contribute to this discord. Yet, we have no methods that jointly model different sources of conflict when estimating phylogenies. An alternative to analyzing entire genomes or all the sequenced loci is to identify a subset of loci for phylogenetic analysis. If we can identify data partitions that are most likely to reflect descent from a common ancestor (i.e., discordant loci that indeed reflect incomplete lineage sorting [ILS], as opposed to some other process, such as lateral gene transfer [LGT]), we can analyze this subset using powerful coalescent‐based species‐tree approaches.

Methods

Test data sets were simulated where discord among loci could arise from ILS and LGT. Data sets where analyzed using the newly developed program CLASSIPHY (Huang et al., ) to assess whether our ability to distinguish the cause of discord among loci varied when ILS and LGT occurred in the recent versus deep past and whether the accuracy of these inferences were affected by the mutational process.

Key Results

We show that accuracy of probabilistic classification of individual loci by the cause of discord differed when ILS and LGT events occurred more recently compared with the distant past and that the signal‐to‐noise ratio arising from the mutational process contributes to difficulties in inferring LGT data partitions.

Conclusions

We discuss our findings in terms of the promise and limitations of identifying subsets of loci for species‐tree inference that will not violate the underlying coalescent model (i.e., data partitions in which ILS, and not LGT, contributes to discord). We also discuss the empirical implications of our work given the many recalcitrant nodes in the tree of life (e.g., origins of angiosperms, amniotes, or Neoaves), and recent arguments for concatenating loci.
Adipose Derived Stem Cells Reduce Fibrosis and Promote Nerve Regeneration in Rats
Authors: Di Summa Pietro G. , Schiraldi Luigi , Cherubino Mario , Oranges Carlo M. , Kalbermatten Daniel F. , Raffoul Wassim , Madduri Srinivas
Published: April 2018

Peripheral nerve regeneration is critical and challenging in the adult humans. High level of collagen infiltration (i.e., scar tissue), in the niche of injury, impedes axonal regeneration and path finding. Unfortunately, studies focusing on the modulation of scar tissue in the nerves are scarce. To address part of this problem, we have evaluated the differentiated adipose derived stem cells (dASCs) for their antifibrotic and regenerative effects in a 10 mm nerve gap model in rats. Three different animal groups (N = 5) were treated with fibrin nerve conduits (empty), or seeded with dASCs (F + dASCs) and autograft, respectively. Histological analysis of regenerated nerves, at 12 weeks postoperatively, reveled the high levels of collagen infiltration (i.e., 21.5% ± 6.1% and 24.1% ± 2.9%) in the middle and distal segment of empty conduit groups in comparison with stem cells treated (16.6% ± 2.1% and 12.1% ± 2.9%) and autograft (15.0% ± 1.7% and 12.8% ± 1.0%) animals. Thus, the dASCs treatment resulted in significant reduction of fibrotic tissue formation. Consequently, enhanced axonal regeneration and remyelination was found in the animals treated with dASCs. Interestingly, these effects of dASCs appeared to be equivalent to that of autograft treatment. Thus, the dASCs hold great potential for preventing the scar tissue formation and for promoting nerve regeneration in the adult organisms. Future experiments will focus on the validation of these findings in a critical nerve injury model. Anat Rec, 301:1714–1721, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists
Minocycline Does Not Reduce the Regenerative Capacity of Peripheral Motor and Sensory Neurons after a Conditioning Injury in Mice
Authors: Sanchez‐Brualla Irene , Calls‐Cobos Aina , Udina Esther
Published: April 2018

Minocycline has been reported to be both beneficial and detrimental for nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. By reducing the inflammatory response, minocycline administration reduces pain and has neuroprotective effects, but it also inhibits Wallerian degeneration in the distal stump, and reduces microglia and macrophages activity on motor and sensory neurons, which could reduce their intrinsic regenerative capacity. The aim of this study was to determine if the administration of minocycline after nerve injury inhibits the regenerative capacity of motoneurons and sensory neurons after a conditioning lesion. We used two groups of mice: a control group and a group treated with minocycline (30 mg kg−1 ip twice daily). We labeled motor and sensory neurons that had regenerated to a distance of 3 mm in a predegenerated graft, after a conditioning lesion. Our results indicate that minocycline administration is not detrimental for nerve regeneration. Indeed, it even promoted a slight, no significant increase 7 days after the nerve graft. These results indicate that minocycline, given at a dose able to reduce pain after peripheral nerve injury, does not interfere with the intrinsic growth capacity of injured peripheral neurons. Anat Rec, 301:1638–1645, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrodeposited Amorphous Tungsten‐doped Cobalt Oxide as an Efficient Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Nguyen Linh N. , Thuy Ung Thi Dieu , Truong Quang Duc , Honma Itaru , Nguyen Quang Liem , Tran Phong D.
Published: April 2018

Thin film of amorphous tungsten‐doped cobalt oxide (W:CoO) was successfully grown on a conducting electrode via an electrochemical oxidation process employing a [Co(WS4)2]2− deposition bath. The W:CoO catalyst displays an attractive performance for the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline solution. In an NaOH solution of pH 13, W:CoO operates with a moderate onset overpotential of 230 mV and requires 320 mV overpotential to generate a catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2. A low Tafel slope of 45 mV decade−1 was determined, indicating a rapid O2‐evolving kinetics. The as‐prepared W:CoO belongs to the best cobalt oxide‐based catalysts ever reported for the oxygen evolution (OER) reaction.
Embedding Carbon Nitride into a Covalent Organic Framework with Enhanced Photocatalysis Performance
Authors: Pan Junquan , Guo Liping , Zhang Siquan , Wang Ning , Jin Shangbin , Tan Bien
Published: April 2018

We report a new strategy to construct porous carbon nitride (PCN) by embedding a heptazine unit–the primary building block of carbon nitride–into the backbone of a covalent organic framework (COF). The strategy results in a new type of PCN which bears a fibrous morphology, high surface area and wide visible absorption. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by photodegradation of an organic dye. We found that the introduction of the heptazine unit has a prominent effect on the catalytic activity, which demonstrates an effective strategy to prepare carbon nitride materials. This work opens up a new way for the preparation of carbon nitride for photocatalysis applications.
Robust Tracking Controller Design for a Class of Block Lower‐Triangular Systems
Authors: Pu Yuan , Shi Zongying , Zhong Yisheng
Published: April 2018

A class of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) block lower‐triangular systems are considered with the dynamic and static uncertainties related to the states of the former subsystems. A design procedure of robust tracking controller is presented, which avoids the problem of the “explosion of complexity” and can be implemented very simply. The closed‐loop system possesses robust properties that, 1) all signals involved are semi‐global uniformly ultimately bounded for bounded differentiable reference inputs; 2) for given initial tracking errors and uncertainty boundary, controller parameters can be found to guarantee that the tracking errors can be smaller than a specific positive constant after a limited time. Two numerical instances are given at last.
Synchronization of Switched Neural Networks with Time‐varying Delays via Sampled‐data Control
Authors: Han Yuchen , Lian Jie
Published: April 2018

This paper investigates sampled‐data synchronization control of switched neural networks with time‐varying delays under average dwell time. Based on the delay system method, the sampled‐data synchronization system is proposed with time‐varying delays and input delays in the unified framework for switched neural networks. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and free‐weighting matrix, the relationship between the average dwell time and the maximum sampling interval is revealed to form delay‐dependent exponentially synchronization criteria. The desired mode‐dependent controller under the maximum sampling interval and decay rate is designed. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed techniques.
Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water
Authors: Moffat Ivy , Martinova Nadia , Seidel Chad , Thompson Chad M.
Published: April 2018

The risk assessment of chromium in drinking water is complex. To better understand this complexity, the essential information on exposure, analytical and treatment methods, toxicology, and mode of action (MOA) on which agencies based their risk assessments are provided. Humans are exposed to an average of 0.2–2 μg hexavalent chromium per liter in drinking water through natural erosion of soil and rocks or by contamination from industrial sources. Internationally, drinking water limits for total chromium range from 50 to 100 μg/L. These values are based on intestinal toxicity data from experimental animals, since human toxicity data via the oral route are lacking. MOA analysis supports a progression from noncancer to cancer effects via a nonmutagenic MOA and therefore a threshold approach is appropriate for the risk assessment of chromium in drinking water. Drinking water limits derived from this approach are measureable by available analytical methods and achievable by available treatment technologies, and are protective of both cancer and noncancer effects.
Improved HCP Reduction Using a New, All‐Synthetic Depth Filtration Media Within an Antibody Purification Process
Authors: Nguyen Hoang C. , Langland Amie L. , Amara John P. , Dullen Michael , Kahn David S. , Costanzo Joseph A.
Published: April 2018

Biologic manufacturing processes typically employ clarification technologies like depth filtration to remove insoluble and soluble impurities. Conventional depth filtration media used in these processes contain naturally‐derived components like diatomaceous earth and cellulose. These components may introduce performance variability and contribute extractable/leachable components like beta‐glucans that could interfere with limulus amebocyte lysate endotoxin assays. Recently a novel, all‐synthetic depth filtration media is developed (Millistak+® HC Pro X0SP) that may improve process consistency, efficiency, and drug substance product quality by reducing soluble process impurities. This new media is evaluated against commercially available benchmark filters containing naturally‐derived components (Millistak+® HC X0HC and B1HC). Using model proteins, the synthetic media demonstrates increased binding capacity of positively charged proteins (72–126 mg g−1 media) compared to conventional media (0.3–8.6 mg g−1 media); and similar values for negatively charged species (1.3–5.6 mg g−1 media). Several CHO‐derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or mAb‐like molecules are also evaluated. The X0SP filtration performance behaves similarly to benchmarks, and exhibits improved HCP reduction (at least 50% in 55% of cases tested). X0SP filtrates contained increased silicon extractables relative to benchmarks, but these were readily removed downstream. Finally, the X0SP devices demonstrates suitable lot‐to‐lot robustness when specific media components are altered intentionally to manufacturing specification limits.
Identification and characterization of the biotechnological potential of a wild strain of Paraconiothyrium sp
Authors: Arredondo‐Santoyo Marina , Vázquez‐Garcidueñas Ma. Soledad , Vázquez‐Marrufo Gerardo
Published: April 2018

The isolation and characterization of fungal strains from poorly described taxa allows undercover attributes of their basic biology useful for biotechnology. Here, a wild fungal strain (CMU‐196) from recently described Paraconiothyrium genus was analyzed. CMU‐196 was identified as Paraconiothyrium brasiliense by phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). CMU‐196 metabolized 57 out of 95 substrates of the Biolog FF microplates. Efficient assimilation of dextrins and glycogen indicates that CMU‐196 is a good producer of amylolytic enzymes. It showed a remarkably assimilation of α‐d‐lactose, substrate described as inducer of cellulolytic activity but poorly assimilated by several fungi. Metabolically active mycelium of the strain decolorized broth supplemented with direct blue 71, Chicago sky blue and remazol brilliant blue R dyes. The former two dyes were also well removed from broth by mycelium inactivated by autoclaving. Both mycelia had low efficiency for removing fuchsin acid from broth and for decolorizing wastewater from the paper industry. CMU‐196 strain showed extracellular laccase activity when potato dextrose broth was supplemented with Cu+2, reaching a maximum activity of 46.8 (±0.33) U L−1. Studied strain antagonized phytopathogenic Colletotrichum spp. fungi and Phytophthora spp. oomycetes in vitro, but is less effective towards Fusarium spp. fungi. CMU‐196 antagonism includes overgrowing the mycelia of phytopathogens and growth inhibition, probably by hydrosoluble extracellular metabolites. The biotechnological potential of strain CMU‐196 here described warrants further studies to have a more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms associated with its metabolic versatility, capacity for environmental detoxification, extracellular laccase production, and antagonism against phytopathogens. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:846–857, 2018
How do cancer cells replenish their fuel supply?
Authors: Alameddine Abdallah K. , Conlin Frederick T. , Binnall Brian J. , Alameddine Yvonne A. , Alameddine Khaled O.
Published: April 2018

Background

Multiple genetic changes, availability of cellular nutrients and metabolic alterations play a pivotal role in oncogenesis

Aims

We focus on cancer cell's metabolic properties, and we outline the cross talks between cellular oncogenic growth pathways in cancer metabolism. The review also provides a synopsis of the relevant cancer drugs targeting metabolic activities that are at various stages of clinical development.

Methods

We review literature published within the last decade to include select articles that have highlighted energy metabolism crucial to the development of cancer phenotypes.

Results

Cancer cells maintain their potent metabolism and keep a balanced redox status by enhancing glycolysis and autophagy and rerouting Krebs cycle intermediates and products of β‐oxydation.

Conclusions

The processes underlying cancer pathogenesis are extremely complex and remain elusive. The new field of systems biology provides a mathematical framework in which these homeostatic dysregulation principles may be examined for better understanding of cancer phenotypes. Knowledge of key players in cancer‐related metabolic reprograming may pave the way for new therapeutic metabolism–targeted drugs and ultimately improve patient care.
Molecular signatures of host specificity linked to habitat specialization in Exaiptasia sea anemones
Authors: Bellis Emily S. , Edlund Reid. B. , Berrios Hazel K. , Lessios Harilaos A. , Denver Dee R.
Published: April 2018

Rising ocean temperatures associated with global climate change induce breakdown of the symbiosis between coelenterates and photosynthetic microalgae of the genus Symbiodinium. Association with more thermotolerant partners could contribute to resilience, but the genetic mechanisms controlling specificity of hosts for particular Symbiodinium types are poorly known. Here, we characterize wild populations of a sea anemone laboratory model system for anthozoan symbiosis, from contrasting environments in Caribbean Panama. Patterns of anemone abundance and symbiont diversity were consistent with specialization of holobionts for particular habitats, with Exaiptasia pallida/S. minutum (ITS2 type B1) abundant on vertical substrate in thermally stable, shaded environments but E. brasiliensis/Symbiodinium sp. (ITS2 clade A) more common in shallow areas subject to high temperature and irradiance. Population genomic sequencing revealed a novel E. pallida population from the Bocas del Toro Archipelago that only harbors S. minutum. Loci most strongly associated with divergence of the Bocas‐specific population were enriched in genes with putative roles in cnidarian symbiosis, including activators of the complement pathway of the innate immune system, thrombospondin‐type‐1 repeat domain proteins, and coordinators of endocytic recycling. Our findings underscore the importance of unmasking cryptic diversity in natural populations and the role of long‐term evolutionary history in mediating interactions with Symbiodinium.
A land classification protocol for pollinator ecology research: An urbanization case study
Authors: Samuelson Ash E. , Leadbeater Ellouise
Published: April 2018

Land‐use change is one of the most important drivers of widespread declines in pollinator populations. Comprehensive quantitative methods for land classification are critical to understanding these effects, but co‐option of existing human‐focussed land classifications is often inappropriate for pollinator research. Here, we present a flexible GIS‐based land classification protocol for pollinator research using a bottom‐up approach driven by reference to pollinator ecology, with urbanization as a case study. Our multistep method involves manually generating land cover maps at multiple biologically relevant radii surrounding study sites using GIS, with a focus on identifying land cover types that have a specific relevance to pollinators. This is followed by a three‐step refinement process using statistical tools: (i) definition of land‐use categories, (ii) principal components analysis on the categories, and (iii) cluster analysis to generate a categorical land‐use variable for use in subsequent analysis. Model selection is then used to determine the appropriate spatial scale for analysis. We demonstrate an application of our protocol using a case study of 38 sites across a gradient of urbanization in South‐East England. In our case study, the land classification generated a categorical land‐use variable at each of four radii based on the clustering of sites with different degrees of urbanization, open land, and flower‐rich habitat. Studies of land‐use effects on pollinators have historically employed a wide array of land classification techniques from descriptive and qualitative to complex and quantitative. We suggest that land‐use studies in pollinator ecology should broadly adopt GIS‐based multistep land classification techniques to enable robust analysis and aid comparative research. Our protocol offers a customizable approach that combines specific relevance to pollinator research with the potential for application to a wide range of ecological questions, including agroecological studies of pest control.