bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A retrospective observational cohort study of the anesthetic management and outcomes of pediatric patients with Alexander disease undergoing lumbar puncture or magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Berger Jessica A. , Simpao Allan F. , Dubow Scott R. , McClung Heather A. , Liu Geraldine W. , Waldman Amy T. , Drum Elizabeth T.
Published: May 2024

Background

Alexander disease is a rare, progressive leukodystrophy, which predisposes patients to complications under general anesthesia due to clinical manifestations including developmental delay, seizures, dysphagia, vomiting, and sleep apnea. However, study of anesthetic outcomes is limited.

Aims

Our aim was to describe patient characteristics, anesthetic techniques, and anesthesia‐related complications for Alexander disease patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging and/or lumbar puncture at a quaternary‐care children's hospital.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of anesthetic outcomes in patients with Alexander disease enrolled in a prospective observational study. Included patients had diagnosed Alexander disease and underwent magnetic resonance imaging and/or lumbar puncture at our institution. We excluded anesthetics for other procedures or at outside institutions. Collected data included patient characteristics, anesthetic techniques, medications, and complications under anesthesia and in the subsequent 24 h. We performed descriptive statistics as appropriate.

Results

Forty patients undergoing 64 procedures met inclusion criteria. Fifty‐six procedures (87.5%) required general anesthesia or monitored anesthesia care (MAC) and eight (12.5%) did not. The general anesthesia/MAC group tended to be younger than nonanesthetized patients (median age 6 years [IQR 3.8; 9] vs. 14.5 years [IQR 12.8; 17.5]). In both groups, dysphagia (78.6% vs. 87.5%, respectively), seizures (62.5% vs. 25%), and recurrent vomiting (17.9% vs. 25%) were frequently reported preprocedure symptoms. Inhalational induction was common (N = 48; 85.7%), and two (3.6%) underwent rapid sequence induction. Serious complications were rare, with no aspiration or seizures. Hypotension resolving with ephedrine occurred in eight cases (14.3%). One patient each (1.8%) experienced postprocedure emergence agitation or vomiting. Fifty‐three (94.6%) were ambulatory procedures. No inpatients required escalation in acuity of care.

Conclusions

In this single‐center study, patients with Alexander disease did not experience frequent or irreversible complications while undergoing general anesthesia/MAC. Co‐morbid symptoms were not increased postanesthesia. Some patients may not require anesthesia to complete short procedures.
True Love Is Reciprocal: Thomas Aquinas on the Love of Friendship
Authors: Kintz James
Published: May 2024

One of the most important topics that Thomas Aquinas discusses in his extensive corpus is the love of friendship, which is a unique form of love aimed at persons. Yet Aquinas's teachings on this are perplexing, for he claims that this love always produces union between lover and beloved, and that it is always a mutual love. This implies that one's love depends on reciprocation from the beloved, which seems implausible given the possibility of phenomena such as unrequited love. A common interpretation of Aquinas's account of the love of friendship maintains that it is enough that one desires union and mutuality for such love to obtain even if such desires remain unrealized, but in this paper I reject this reading and argue that achieving union and mutuality is essential to this form of love. This novel interpretation ultimately reveals that the love of friendship is an intrinsically interpersonal act.
A data‐driven and cost‐oriented FMEA–MCDM approach to risk assessment and ranking in a fuzzy environment: A hydraulic pump factory case study
Authors: Shakibaei Hossein , Seifi Saba , Zhuang Jun
Published: May 2024

In today's highly competitive business environment, firms strive to maximize profitability by minimizing or eliminating disruptions and failures to maintain a competitive edge. This study focuses on evaluating risks in a hydraulic pump factory as a means to achieve sustainable growth. To accomplish this, a team of experts was formed to identify potential errors, utilizing a combination of risk priority number criteria weighted by Fuzzy Shannon's entropy and a fusion of multi‐criteria decision‐making and failure mode and effects analysis for evaluating and ranking failures. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of considering the interaction among risk assessment indicators, the inclusion of cost of failure, and modeling under fuzzy uncertainty circumstances, as they have a notable impact on the final ranking of failures to be processed for risk mitigation action planning. This research brings a new dimension to enhance the overall effectiveness of risk assessment by aggregation, as evidenced by a novel use of data classification in machine learning and correlation in statistics. The findings indicate that the aggregated ranking data series is best matched and most influenced by the weighted aggregated sum product assessment method, with the highest rate of recall and precision accomplished.
Exploring ‘Alternatives' in the Consumer Credit Market: Community Development Finance Institutions in the United Kingdom
Authors: Magli Elena , Mazzei Micaela , Biosca Olga , McHugh Neil
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we use the concept of ‘alterity’ to explore the hallmarks and transformative potential of Community Development Finance Institutions (CDFIs) in the UK consumer credit market. By providing small, short‐term personal loans to individuals on low incomes (i.e. microcredit), these lenders act as an alternative to exploitative forms of subprime lending, which have proliferated as a consequence of cuts in welfare state provision and growing income insecurity. In‐depth interviews (n = 23) were conducted with lenders and stakeholders and a typology of ‘alternatives' was developed in relation to the clients of CDFIs and their role in the consumer credit market. Our contribution to knowledge is twofold: We provide a nuanced picture of ‘alterity’ in finance, finding that CDFIs embody multiple ‘alterities' at the same time, and we extend the conversation about alternative and sustainable finance to the consumer credit market, which is an overlooked, yet critical, area.
Transthoracic echocardiography is a simple tool for size matching in cardiac xenotransplantation
Authors: Mokelke Maren , Bender Martin , Reichart Bruno , Neumann Elisabeth , Radan Julia , Buttgereit Ines , Ayares David , Wolf Eckhard , Brenner Paolo , Abicht Jan‐Michael , Längin Matthias
Published: May 2024

Background

Preoperative size matching is essential for both allogeneic and xenogeneic heart transplantation. In preclinical pig‐to‐baboon xenotransplantation experiments, porcine donor organs are usually matched to recipients by using indirect parameters, such as age and total body weight. For clinical use of xenotransplantation, a more precise method of size measurement would be desirable to guarantee a “perfect match.” Here, we investigated the use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and described a new method to estimate organ size prior to xenotransplantation.

Methods

Hearts from n = 17 genetically modified piglets were analyzed by TTE and total heart weight (THW) was measured prior to xenotransplantation into baboons between March 2018 and April 2022. Left ventricular (LV) mass was calculated according to the previously published method by Devereux et al. and a newly adapted formula. Hearts from n = 5 sibling piglets served as controls for the determination of relative LV and right ventricular (RV) mass. After explantation, THW and LV and RV mass were measured.

Results

THW correlated significantly with donor age and total body weight. The strongest correlation was found between THW and LV mass calculated by TTE. Compared to necropsy data of the control piglets, the Devereux formula underestimated both absolute and relative LV mass, whereas the adapted formula yielded better results. Combining the adapted formula and the relative LV mass data, THW can be predicted with TTE.

Conclusions

We demonstrate reliable LV mass estimation by TTE for size matching prior to xenotransplantation. An adapted formula provides more accurate results of LV mass estimation than the generally used Devereux formula in the xenotransplantation setting. TTE measurement of LV mass is superior for the prediction of porcine heart sizes compared to conventional parameters such as age and total body weight.
Fearless - Next-Gen Solution for Preventing Sexual Harassment and Physical Violation
Authors: Shahed Maliha , Mohamad Radziah
Published: May 2024

In a world where safety is a growing concern, sexual harassment and physical violence have become significant societal concerns. A particularly pressing need for action and reduction in the alarming number of rape cases and violence against women can be seen especially in developing countries, where rape cases and violence against women are on the rise. In order to protect themselves from potential predators and criminals, women must remain vigilant. Developed to empower women during such harrowing incidents, Fearless is a groundbreaking mobile application designed to prevent sexual harassment and physical violence. Using the Google Firebase platform, this innovative application allows users to instantly share their location with trusted contacts to startle potential attackers, share their experiences, or raise awareness. As a result of its interface design principles, Fearless has a highly manageable, user-friendly, and efficient mobile interface. In addition to its compatibility and convenience, it facilitates seamless data management by integrating with NoSQL systems. The system development plan was successfully implemented using the agile process after rigorous comparisons with existing and proposed systems. Fearless emerged as the ideal solution, shaping the entire architectural design. In order to ensure the application's reliability and effectiveness, post-development testing, including black box testing and user acceptance testing, was conducted.
Rigorous noise reduction with quantum autoencoders
Authors: Mok Wai-Keong , Zhang Hui , Haug Tobias , Luo Xianshu , Lo Guo-Qiang , Li Zhenyu , Cai Hong , Kim M. S. , Liu Ai Qun , Kwek Leong-Chuan
Published: May 2024

Reducing noise in quantum systems is a significant challenge in advancing quantum technologies. We propose and demonstrate a noise reduction scheme utilizing a quantum autoencoder, which offers rigorous performance guarantees. The quantum autoencoder is trained to compress noisy quantum states into a latent subspace and eliminate noise through projective measurements. We identify various noise models in which the noiseless state can be perfectly reconstructed, even at high noise levels. We apply the autoencoder to cool thermal states to the ground state and reduce the cost of magic state distillation by several orders of magnitude. Our autoencoder can be implemented using only unitary transformations without the need for ancillas, making it immediately compatible with state-of-the-art quantum technologies. We experimentally validate our noise reduction methods in a photonic integrated circuit. Our results have direct applications in enhancing the robustness of quantum technologies against noise.
Newtonian coalescence in colloidal and noncolloidal suspensions
Authors: Singh Rajput Abhineet , Chandra Varma Sarath , Katre Pallavi , Kumar Aloke
Published: May 2024

Coalescence event in pendant and sessile droplets is distinguished by the formation and evolution of the liquid bridge created upon singular contact. For Newtonian droplets, the bridge radius, R, is known to evolve as R∼tb, with universal values of the power-law exponent, b, signifying the dominant governing forces. However, recent works on different subclasses of rheologically complex fluids comprising of macromolecules have highlighted the effects of additional forces on coalescence. In this work, we experimentally explore the phenomenon in distinct subclasses of rheologically complex fluids, namely, colloidal and noncolloidal suspensions, that have particle hydrodynamic interactions as the origin of viscoelasticity. Our observations suggest that such fluids have flow-dependent thinning responses with finite elasticity in shear rheology but negligible elasticity in extensional rheology. Based on these, the study extends the Newtonian universality of b=0.5 to these thinning fluids. Further, we fortify these observations through a theoretical model developed by employing Ostwald–de Waele’s constitutive law. Finally, we utilize this theoretical model to inspect the existence of arrested coalescence in generalized Newtonian fluids.
Solar-driven abnormal evaporation of nanoconfined water
Authors: Xia Qiancheng , Pan Yifan , Liu Bin , Zhang Xin , Li Enze , Shen Tao , Li Shuang , Xu Ning , Ding Jie , Wang Chao , Vecitis Chad D. , Gao Guandao
Published: May 2024

Intrinsic water evaporation demands a high energy input, which limits the efficacy of conventional interfacial solar evaporators. Here, we propose a nanoconfinement strategy altering inherent properties of water for solar-driven water evaporation using a highly uniform composite of vertically aligned Janus carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The water evaporation from the CNT shows the unexpected diameter-dependent evaporation rate, increasing abnormally with decreasing nanochannel diameter. The evaporation rate of CNT
10
@AAO evaporator thermodynamically exceeds the theoretical limit (1.47 kg m
−2
hour
−1
under one sun). A hybrid experimental, theoretical, and molecular simulation approach provided fundamental evidence of different nanoconfined water properties. The decreased number of H-bonds and lower interaction energy barrier of water molecules within CNT and formed water clusters may be one of the reasons for the less evaporative energy activating rapid nanoconfined water vaporization.
Stiffness anisotropy coordinates supracellular contractility driving long-range myotube-ECM alignment
Authors: Skillin Nathaniel P. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Herbert Katie M. , Nelson Benjamin R. , Hach Grace K. , Günay Kemal Arda , Khan Ryan M. , DelRio Frank W. , White Timothy J. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: May 2024

The ability of cells to organize into tissues with proper structure and function requires the effective coordination of proliferation, migration, polarization, and differentiation across length scales. Skeletal muscle is innately anisotropic; however, few biomaterials can emulate mechanical anisotropy to determine its influence on tissue patterning without introducing confounding topography. Here, we demonstrate that substrate stiffness anisotropy coordinates contractility-driven collective cellular dynamics resulting in C2C12 myotube alignment over millimeter-scale distances. When cultured on mechanically anisotropic liquid crystalline polymer networks (LCNs) lacking topography, C2C12 myoblasts collectively polarize in the stiffest direction. Cellular coordination is amplified through reciprocal cell-ECM dynamics that emerge during fusion, driving global myotube-ECM ordering. Conversely, myotube alignment was restricted to small local domains with no directional preference on mechanically isotropic LCNs of the same chemical formulation. These findings provide valuable insights for designing biomaterials that mimic anisotropic microenvironments and underscore the importance of stiffness anisotropy in orchestrating tissue morphogenesis.
Flexible, biodegradable ultrasonic wireless electrotherapy device based on highly self-aligned piezoelectric biofilms
Authors: Xue Haoyue , Jin Jing , Tan Zhi , Chen Keliang , Lu Gengxi , Zeng Yushun , Hu Xiaolin , Peng Xingchen , Jiang Laiming , Wu Jiagang
Published: May 2024

Biodegradable piezoelectric devices hold great promise in on-demand transient bioelectronics. Existing piezoelectric biomaterials, however, remain obstacles to the development of such devices due to difficulties in large-scale crystal orientation alignment and weak piezoelectricity. Here, we present a strategy for the synthesis of optimally orientated, self-aligned piezoelectric γ-glycine/polyvinyl alcohol (γ-glycine/PVA) films via an ultrasound-assisted process, guided by density functional theory. The first-principles calculations reveal that the negative piezoelectric effect of γ-glycine originates from the stretching and compression of glycine molecules induced by hydrogen bonding interactions. The synthetic γ-glycine/PVA films exhibit a piezoelectricity of 10.4 picocoulombs per newton and an ultrahigh piezoelectric voltage coefficient of 324 × 10
−3
volt meters per newton. The biofilms are further developed into flexible, bioresorbable, wireless piezo-ultrasound electrotherapy devices, which are demonstrated to shorten wound healing by ~40% and self-degrade in preclinical wound models. These encouraging results offer reliable approaches for engineering piezoelectric biofilms and developing transient bioelectronics.
Exploring roles of the chitinase ChiC in modulating
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
virulence phenotypes
Authors: Edvardsen Per Kristian Thorén , Askarian Fatemeh , Zurich Raymond , Nizet Victor , Vaaje-Kolstad Gustav
Published: May 2024

Chitinases are ubiquitous enzymes involved in biomass degradation and chitin turnover in nature.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(PA), an opportunistic human pathogen, expresses ChiC, a secreted glycoside hydrolase 18 family chitinase. Despite speculation about ChiC’s role in PA disease pathogenesis, there is scant evidence supporting this hypothesis. Since PA cannot catabolize chitin, we investigated the potential function(s) of ChiC in PA pathophysiology. Our findings show that ChiC exhibits activity against both insoluble (α- and β-chitin) and soluble chitooligosaccharides. Enzyme kinetics toward (GlcNAc)
4
revealed a
k
cat
of 6.50 s
−1
and a
K
M
of 1.38 mM, the latter remarkably high for a canonical chitinase. In our label-free proteomics investigation, ChiC was among the most abundant proteins in the Pel biofilm, suggesting a potential contribution to PA biofilm formation. Using an intratracheal challenge model of PA pneumonia, the
chiC
::ISphoA/hah transposon insertion mutant paradoxically showed slightly increased virulence compared to the wild-type parent strain. Our results indicate that ChiC is a genuine chitinase that contributes to a PA pathoadaptive pathway.

IMPORTANCE

In addition to performing chitin degradation, chitinases from the glycoside hydrolase 18 family have been found to play important roles during pathogenic bacterial infection.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. Despite not being able to grow on chitin, the bacterium produces a chitinase (ChiC) with hitherto unknown function. This study describes an in-depth characterization of ChiC, focusing on its potential contribution to the bacterium’s disease-causing ability. We demonstrate that ChiC can degrade both polymeric chitin and chitooligosaccharides, and proteomic analysis of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilm revealed an abundance of ChiC, hinting at a potential role in biofilm formation. Surprisingly, a mutant strain incapable of ChiC production showed higher virulence than the wild-type strain. While ChiC appears to be a genuine chitinase, further investigation is required to fully elucidate its contribution to
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
virulence, an important task given the evident health risk posed by this bacterium.
Implications of hormonal carcinogenesis for transgender and gender-diverse people undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy: an up-to-date review
Authors: Leone Alberto Giovanni , Bonadonna Stefania , Cassani Chiara , Barcellini Amelia , Sirico Marianna , Tagliaferri Barbara , Maccarone Stefano , Dalu Davide , Ruggieri Lorenzo , Ghelardi Filippo , Lambertini Matteo , Nardin Simone , Berardi Rossana , La Verde Nicla , Perrone Francesco , Cinieri Saverio , Trapani Dario , Pietrantonio Filippo
Published: May 2024

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals face an elevated risk of cancer in comparison with the general population. This increased risk is primarily attributed to an imbalanced exposure to modifiable risk factors and a limited adherence to cancer screening programmes, stemming from historical social and economic marginalisation. Consequently, these factors contribute to poorer clinical outcomes in terms of cancer diagnosis and mortality. A focal point of interest is the potential carcinogenic effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). It is crucial to recognise that GAHT serves as an essential, life-saving treatment for TGD individuals. Therefore, if a demonstrated direct correlation between GAHT and elevated cancer risk emerges, essential shared decision-making discussions should occur between oncology practitioners and patients. This narrative review aims to collect and discuss evidence regarding potential correlations between GAHT and the most prevalent tumours known to be influenced by sex hormones. The objective is to comprehend how these potential carcinogenic effects impact health and inform health interventions for TGD individuals. Unfortunately, the scarcity of epidemiological data on cancer incidence in the TGD population persists due to the absence of sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in cancer centres. Consequently, in most cases, establishing a positive or negative correlation between GAHT and cancer risk remains speculative. There is an urgent need for concerted efforts from researchers and clinicians worldwide to overcome barriers and enhance cancer prevention and care in this specific population.
Environmental impact assessment in healthcare: utility and limitations
Authors: Baddeley Robin , Voulvoulis Nikolaos , Thomas-Gibson Siwan , Hayee Bu'Hussain
Published: May 2024

Concern regarding the environmental impact of healthcare provision is now accompanied by a legal commitment for the NHS to align itself with national emissions targets. Meanwhile, the academic literature increasingly features environmental impact assessments focused on healthcare products, processes and systems. However, the current evidence base contains significant methodological heterogeneity, and the healthcare context demands that particular considerations are made when interpreting the findings from these studies. In this article, we consider the role environmental accounting methodologies can play in the effort to achieve environmental sustainability in healthcare; their utility and limitations.
Construct validity and reliability of a French–Canadian translation of the eating in the absence of hunger questionnaire for children and adolescents
Authors: Savard C. , Bégin S. , Robitaille J. , Hivert M.-F. , Parent S. , Gingras V.
Published: May 2024

Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) has been associated with overweight and obesity during childhood. The gold standard to assess this behavior is a laboratory-based protocol, but a questionnaire to assess EAH more efficiently in children and adolescents has been developed and validated in English. We assessed construct validity (structural and convergent validity) and reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) of a French translation of the EAH Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents among French–Canadian youths. We recruited participants in Montreal (Canada) aged 7–15 years old, who completed the questionnaire and provided anthropometric data. We asked participants to complete the questionnaire a second time ∼4 weeks later. The questionnaire consists of 14 questions and 3 subscales that assess EAH due to negative affect, fatigue/boredom, and external cues. We performed an exploratory factor analysis to test the factor structure and we calculated Cronbach alpha coefficients and intra-class correlations to assess internal consistency and temporal stability, respectively. We assessed associations between EAH and BMI z-score using Pearson correlations. We included 196 participants (50% girls; mean (SD) 11.9 (2.3) years old) for the first completion and 153 for the second completion. The exploratory factor analysis generated the same three subscales as the original questionnaire: negative affect (α = 0.86; ICC = 0.78), fatigue/boredom (α = 0.75; ICC = 0.70), and external cues (α = 0.68; ICC = 0.54). Participant’s BMI z-scores were positively associated with the average scores from the negative affect subscale ( r = 0.19; ρ = 0.009). Our results suggest that this questionnaire has an adequate construct validity, internal consistency, and temporal stability.
Att-Mask R-CNN: an individual tree crown instance segmentation method based on fused attention mechanism
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Guan Zhihao , Gao Demin
Published: May 2024

Tree detection and canopy area measurement are important and difficult tasks in forest inventory, which are important for understanding forest stand structure. This study utilized remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) aerial photography technology to collect remote sensing images of forests in Xiong County, China, creating a dataset comprising 1200 images of six tree species. Based on this dataset, the paper proposes an optimized model, Att-Mask R-CNN, for canopy detection and segmentation. Att-Mask R-CNN outperforms the original models (Mask R-CNN and MS R-CNN) by achieving 65.29% mean average precision for detection, 80.44% mean intersection over union for segmentation, and 90.67% overall recognition rate for the six tree species. In addition, a pixel statistics method based on segmentation masks is introduced for estimating the vertical projected area of individual tree crowns, and comparisons between the measured and predicted vertical projected area of the crowns of six tree species (100 trees of each class) show an overall goodness-of-fit R2 of 85% and a relative root-mean-square error rRMSE of 12.81%. By using remote sensing images from RPAs and optimizing existing deep learning models, the detection and segmentation of individual tree canopies can be achieved, resulting in a more accurate understanding of forest structure, which provides scientific support for forest management and resource monitoring.
Short- vs. long-distance physics in $$B\rightarrow K^{(*)} \ell ^+\ell ^-$$: a data-driven analysis
Authors: Bordone Marzia , Isidori Gino , Mächler Sandro , Tinari Arianna
Published: May 2024

We analyze data on $$B\rightarrow K\mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
→
K

μ
+

μ
-

and $$B\rightarrow K^*\mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
→

K
∗

μ
+

μ
-

decays in the whole dilepton invariant mass spectrum with the aim of disentangling short- vs. long-distance contributions. The sizable long-distance amplitudes from $$c \overline{c}$$

c

c
¯

narrow resonances are taken into account by employing a dispersive approach. For each available $$q^2=m^2_{\mu \mu }$$

q
2

=

m

μ
μ

2

bin and each helicity amplitude an independent determination of the Wilson coefficient $$C_9$$

C
9

, describing $$b\rightarrow s\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

b
→
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

transitions at short distances, is obtained. The consistency of the $$C_9$$

C
9

values thus obtained provides an a posteriori check of the absence of additional, sizable, long-distance contributions. The systematic difference of these values from the Standard Model expectation supports the hypothesis of a non-standard $$b\rightarrow s \mu ^+\mu ^-$$

b
→
s

μ
+

μ
-

amplitude of short-distance origin.
The origin of the 95 GeV excess in the flavor-dependent $$U(1)_X$$ model
Authors: Ge Zhao-feng , Niu Feng-Yan , Yang Jin-Lei
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the excesses observed in the CMS diphoton and ditau data around$$95~{\textrm{GeV}}$$95GeVwithin the framework of the flavor-dependent$$U(1)_X$$U(1)Xmodel. The model introduces a singlet scalar to explain the nonzero neutrino masses. This newly introduced Higgs interacts directly with the quark sector, motivated by the aim to explain the flavor numbers of the fermion sector. Additionally, it undergoes mixing with the SM-like Higgs boson. The study suggests that designating this singlet Higgs state in this model as the lightest Higgs boson holds great potential for explaining the excesses around$$95~{\textrm{GeV}}.$$95GeV.In the calculations, we maintained the masses of the lightest and next-to-lightest Higgs bosons at around$$95~{\textrm{GeV}}$$95GeVand$$125~{\textrm{GeV}}$$125GeVrespectively. It was found that the theoretical predictions on the signal strengthes$$\mu (h_{95})_{\gamma \gamma },$$μ(h95)γγ,$$\mu (h_{95})_{\tau \tau }$$μ(h95)ττin the flavor-dependent$$U(1)_X$$U(1)Xmodel can be fitted well to the excesses observed at CMS.
New perspectives of hybrid granular chaotic systems and their significance
Authors: Huang Duohui , Bary Ghulam
Published: May 2024

This work investigates the nonlinear differential equations which have emerged as a substantial concentration of research within a multifariousness of nonlinear disciplines of science and the model computations elucidate the chaotic-coherence radiations with their corresponding convection parameters. The solution for droplets, temperature and chaotic properties of the systems is drawn using the nonlinear dynamics procedure and thus the graphical interpretation is carried out for the system controlling parameters. The significance of pertinent chaotic systems with correlations and their parameters is visualized graphically through the hybrid granular model. In particular, the chaotic-coherent profile is described with the statistical analysis for various system peculiarities and certain nonlinear equations explored in the current methodology through the feasible interferences transformation approach. The discussion part provides a detailed explanation of the schematic methods and certain conclusion observations based on the results of the present research. The findings of this research probe the new specific perceptiveness which commensurable to the system performance of incoherent material with peculiar aspects and such contemplation divulges the remunerative significance in engineering fields.
Formation of lead iodide nanoparticles using the sol–gel method and their applications
Authors: Darekar Madhavi Sharad , Praveen B. M.
Published: May 2024

Lead iodide (PbI[Formula: see text] nanoparticles in silica have been synthesized using the sol–gel method. The aqueous method of synthesis has been used for undoped PbI2nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have been stabilized using thioglycerol acting as the capping agent. The narrow-sized PbI2nanoparticles have been obtained, which are characterized by size-dependent properties. The PbI2nanoparticles have been characterized and their properties have been investigated by using various experimental techniques like Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Photoluminescence (PL), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), etc. The lateral dimension of PbI2nanoparticles in silica varies from 9 Å to 27 Å. PbI2thin films were deposited on silicon wafers by using the dip coating method and analyzed by using various characterization techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX), Mapping, etc. The aim of this work is to synthesize PbI2nanoparticles with a size less than or comparable to the Bohr diameter of the exciton. The characterization results showed that the cluster size increases with the increasing film thickness and by the heat treatment in air atmosphere. The PbI2nanocrystals embedded in silica films have been studied in this paper. The PbI2nanoparticles and the PbI2sol–gel thin films can be used in optoelectronic device applications and chemical industrial applications. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on the synthesis of PbI2nanoparticles in silica using the sol–gel route and on the preparation of PbI2thin films using the dip coating method.
Astrophysical expedition: Transit search heuristics for fractional Hammerstein control autoregressive models
Authors: Altaf Faisal , Chang Ching-Lung , Chaudhary Naveed Ishtiaq , Ali Khan Taimoor , Khan Zeshan Aslam , Shu Chi-Min , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor
Published: May 2024

This study presents an astrophysics-inspired transit search optimization (TSO) algorithm based on exoplanet search divided into five phases: galaxy phase, star phase, transit phase, neighbor phase and exploitation phase for effective parameter estimation of fractional Hammerstein control autoregressive (Fr-HCAR) systems. Various physical phenomena and real processes can be modeled with Fr-HCAR systems and estimating the Fr-HCAR parameters becomes a vital task. The mean-square error (MSE)-based criterion function is developed, and efficacy of the TSO for Fr-HCAR identification is deeply analyzed for different fractional orders, disturbance levels and degrees of freedom. The TSO remained accurate, convergent, robust and stable for all variations in Fr-HCAR but the accuracy level degrades a little bit for high disturbance and increased degrees of freedom. The reliability and trustworthiness of the TSO for Fr-HCAR identification are endorsed through statistical analyses conducted on sufficient autonomous executions of the scheme.
Analysis of optical solitons propagation in the dual-mode resonant nonlinear Schrödinger dynamical equation with assorted nonlinear interactions
Authors: Rehman Hamood Ur , Khushi Kiran , Iqbal Ifrah , Sherif El-Sayed M. , Shahzad M. Umair , Khan Mohammad Amir
Published: May 2024

This research explores the dual-mode manifestation within the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, elucidating the amplification or absorption of paired waves. This study delves into the simultaneous generation of two distinct waves associated with the dual-mode phenomenon with three crucial parameters: phase velocity, nonlinearity and dispersive factor. The resulting wave phenomena from these solutions have implications across various fields, including fluid dynamics, water wave mechanics, ocean engineering and scientific inquiry. The study employs the modified Sardar sub-equation method to obtain the optical soliton solutions, encompassing various types such as dark, bright, singular, combo dark–singular, periodic singular and dark–bright solitons. The obtained results highlight the reliability and simplicity of the modified Sardar sub-equation method. Additionally, the paper delves into the parametric conditions crucial for shaping and sustaining these solitons. The research explores the interaction of dual waves and the variation in wave speed. Furthermore, dynamic phenomena are illustrated, and the physical implications of the solutions are interpreted using 3D and 2D plots with different parameter values.
Applications of variational integrators to couple of linear dynamical models discussing temperature distribution and wave phenomena
Authors: Abbas Syed Oan , Seadawy Aly R. , Ghafoor Sana , Rizvi Syed T. R.
Published: May 2024

Variational Integrator (VI) is a numerical technique, in which the Lagrangian of the system is used as the action integral. It is a special type of numerical solution that preserves the energy and momentum of the system. In this paper, we retrieve numerical solutions for heat and wave equation with the help of all possible combinations of finite difference scheme like forward–forward, forward–backward, forward–centered, backward–forward, backward–backward, backward–centered, centered–forward, centered–backward, centered–centered. We also use Lagrangian approach along with the projection technique to obtain approximate solutions of these linear models. This approach provides the best approximate solutions as well as preserves the energy of the system while the finite difference scheme gives only the numerical solutions. We also draw a comparison of existing exact solution with all approximate solutions for both models and provide graphical representation of these solutions.
TERM STRUCTURE MODELING OF SOFR: EVALUATING THE IMPORTANCE OF SCHEDULED JUMPS
Authors: SCHLÖGL ERIK , SKOV JACOB BJERRE , SKOVMAND DAVID
Published: May 2024

As interest rate benchmarks move from LIBOR to overnight risk-free rates (RFR), it has become increasingly important for models to accurately capture the interest rate dynamics at the overnight tenor. Overnight rates closely track central bank policy rate decisions resulting, in highly discontinuous dynamics around scheduled meeting dates. In this paper, we construct a dynamic term structure model, which accounts for the discontinuous short-rate dynamics. We show that the model is able to jointly fit the overnight US policy rate, secured overnight financing rate (SOFR) and SOFR futures rates through the recent Fed hiking cycle. Comparing our model with a standard continuous time-homogeneous short-rate model, we find several indications that our model avoids the clear misspecification of the continuous model, in particular with regard to the short-rate dynamics around meeting dates of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). Thiseffect begins to disappear as the term of the rates under consideration is increased, suggesting that diffusive dynamics are a reasonably accurate reflection of the evolution of market expectations embodied in longer-term interest rates.
FINANCIAL FINANCE
Authors: MADAN DILIP B. , WANG KING
Published: May 2024

Strategies for selecting base probability measures that both respect market valuations of traded cash flows and simultaneously monitor departures from physical measures are suggested, proposed and implemented in an illustrative option hedging context. Mathematical objectives for financial decision making that are financial are advocated and developed using the theory of nonlinear expectations. Financial objectives should equate the additional value of a dollar to a dollar. More exactly, the value of a claim paying out an additional dollar, should exceed the original claim value by a dollar.
AN EXPERIMENTAL RIGHT ATRIUM PLATFORM TO ASSESS RECIRCULATION IN HEMODIALYSIS CATHETERS
Authors: E. D. HEATON CHARLES , ESPINO D. M.
Published: May 2024

Hemodialysis (HD) is a treatment supporting decreased kidney function, via a catheter inserted into the heart’s Right Atrium (RA). Recirculation is a source of inefficiency for treatment, where blood is dialyzed again due to poor catheter design. Lab-testing is still relatively unexplored, hence, a mechanical testing system was designed with the intention of providing a consistent and repeatable environment for testing HD catheters. System geometry was composed using a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of a heart, with the RA scaled to appropriate dimensions, and a PolyDiMethylSiloxane (PDMS) model produced through 3D printing and negative wax casting. Pulsatile blood flow was mimicked by peristaltic pumps driving a blood analogue (BA). Recirculation was induced by adding dyed BA to the system via the catheter and measured using a colorimeter. The developed platform was initially evaluated using two catheters, demonstrating the capability to accurately replicate atrial hemodynamic conditions. Two step-tipped catheters, A and B, were tested at 350 ml/min, producing recirculation values of 13.11% and 18.58%, respectively. The results exhibit the ability of the system developed to evaluate HD catheter performance, with the potential to explore a wider range of tip geometries relevant to clinical preference. Furthermore, this advancement towards an anatomically accurate lab-based test system could be paired with computational methods to progress the evaluation of such medical devices and enhance their development.
Facile Fabrication of Hydrophobic and Elastic Silica Aerogels with Enhanced Anti/De-Icing Performance
Authors: Zhu Jiayi , Xiong Zhengwei , Ren Hongbo
Published: May 2024

The anti/de-icing methods are mainly divided into two types: active method and passive method. The passive method generally adopts three ideas: reducing water contact, inhibiting water icing and reducing ice adhesion. Silica aerogels, which have adjustable surface wettability, thermal conductivity and porosity, would be designed to satisfy the requirement for passive anti/de-icing methods. In this work, the organic–inorganic hybrid aerogels based on organosilicon were facilely prepared in a sol–gel procedure, which showed hydrophobic and elastic properties. It could be seen that the thermal insulation effect originating from aerogel-like porous network endowed the efficient anti-icing property. Moreover, the lowest ice adhesion strengths of the above silica aerogels and the related oil-based lubricant-filled aerogels were 7.1[Formula: see text]kPa and 5[Formula: see text]kPa, respectively, which belonged to the icephobic surface. Besides, the ice adhesion strength only increased to 15.6[Formula: see text]kPa after 30 icing–deicing cycles, showing that hydrophobic and elastic silica aerogels had efficient deicing durability.
Brief theory of multiqubit measurement
Authors: Usenko Constantin
Published: May 2024

Peculiarities of multiqubit measurement are for the most part similar to peculiarities of measurement for qudit — quantum object with finite-dimensional Hilbert space. Three different interpretations of measurement concept are analyzed. One of those is purely quantum and is in collection, for a given state of the object to be measured, of incompatible observable measurement results in amount enough for reconstruction of the state. Two others make evident the difference between the reduced density matrix and the density matrices of physical objects involved in the measurement. It is shown that the von Neumann projectors, in combination with the concept of qudit phase space, produce an idea of a phase portrait of qudit state as a set of mathematical expectations for projectors on the possible pure states. The phase portrait is not a probability distribution since the projectors on nonorthogonal states are incompatible observables. Along with that, the phase portrait includes probability distributions for all the resolutions of identity of the qudit observable algebra. Additional peculiarities of measurement of the qudit degenerated observables, caused by the possibility of independent measurement of the observables for the particles, make possible to distinguish the local reduction of the qudit particle states from the entanglement of the local measurement results. The phase portrait of a composite system comprised by a qudit pair generates local and conditional phase portraits of particles. The entanglement is represented by the dependence of the shape of conditional phase portrait on the properties of the observable used in the measurement for the other particle. Analysis of the properties of a conditional phase portrait of a multiqubit qubits shows that absence of the entanglement is possible only in the case of substantial restrictions imposed on the method of multiqubit decomposition into qubits. Such a special method for determination of particles exists for each multiqubit state.
Calculation Method for Particle Self-Regulation Servo Based on Discrete Element Method
Authors: Shi Chong , Liu Lu , Qiu Liewang , Zhang Lingkai , Chen Yao
Published: May 2024

Particle Flow Code, as noncontinuous media calculation software, has found extensive applications in geotechnical engineering research. To simulate real physical processes, the commonly utilized servo-computing methods involve adjusting the boundaries to modify the model’s stress state. However, this approach alters the model’s initial boundaries, thereby compromising computational accuracy. Addressing this issue, this paper introduces a particle self-regulation servo-computing method. This method controls the internal particle self-adjustment and completes the servo through error analysis. On the basis of the error analysis of the average stress within the particle system and the servo stress during the iterative process, the method automatically calculates the change in particle size within the system, achieving rapid convergence to servo stress tolerance after finite number of iterations. Validation through uniaxial compression tests and complex slope cases indicates that this particle self-regulation servo method yields an error of less than 5% compared with conventional rigid servo methods. That is, it accurately achieves numerical simulation state control without altering the outer contours of the boundary model. The proposed computational method is applicable to servo calculations for irregular models in two or three dimensions, providing a viable approach for stress control in models under complex conditions.
Memory Response of Refined GN Models on a Rotating Fiber-Reinforced Magneto-Thermoelastic Medium Due to Pulsed Laser and Inclined Load
Authors: Purkait Pallabi , Kanoria Mridula
Published: May 2024

With the aid of the Caputo fractional derivative, this study constructs a novel mathematical model of magneto-thermoelasticity to investigate the transient phenomena for a fiber-reinforced rotating half-space under the influence of pulsed laser as heat source and inclined load in the context of refined three-phase-lag (TPL) Green–Naghdi (GN) models of generalized thermoelasticity, which is defined in an integral form of a common derivative on a slipping interval by incorporating the memory-dependent heat transfer. Together with the temperature gradient (Seebeck effect) and charge density influence, the generalized magneto-thermoelasticity model’s equations now include the modified Ohm’s law. An intense non-Gaussian laser beam heats the bounding plane’s surface. By using the normal mode analysis, the analytical expressions of the thermophysical quantities are produced in the physical domain. All physical quantities have been graphically depicted for different GN models (refined GN-II and GN-III models) to indicate the effect of memory-dependent derivative, Seebeck parameter, rotation and reinforcement of the medium under the influence of inclined load and pulsed laser.
CONCURRENT OCCURRENCE OF PROSTATOMEGALY AND CYSTOLITHIASIS IN AN INTACT TERRIER DOG
Authors: Kazemi Davoud , Gharamaleki Mehrdad Neshat
Published: May 2024

An intact male terrier dog aged 6.25 years was referred with a history of dysuria and intermittent hematuria for the past 2 years. Clinical examination, abdominal radiography and ultrasonography revealed the presence of prostatomegaly and cystolithiasis. A large radio-opaque calculus was observed inside the urinary bladder and ultrasonographic size of the prostate gland was [Formula: see text]. The animal was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia based on anamnesis, physical examination findings and paraclinical investigations. The presence of a single large calculus within the urinary bladder was associated with incomplete voiding resulting from enlargement of the prostate. The bladder calculus which was removed by cystotomy was a mixed type of stone consisting of ammonium (10%), phosphate (20%), calcium (20%), oxalate (40%) and magnesium (10%). The enlargement of the prostate gland was also confirmed by intraoperative examination. Cystolithiasis associated with canine benign prostatic hyperplasia has not been previously reported in the literature.