bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of heme binding on myoglobin folding: Coarse grained molecular simulations
Authors: He Erbin , Ren Weitong , Wang Jun , Li Wenfei , Wang Wei
Published: November 2015

Many proteins contain cofactors, such as heme, ATP and metal ions. Binding of cofactors is not only essential for their biological functions, but also can reshape the intrinsic energy landscape of protein molecules and modulate the folding and stability. However, the molecular mechanism of cofactor coupled protein folding is not well understood. In this work, we study the cofactor coupled folding of myoglobin, which is a typical cofactor (heme) containing protein, by performing molecular dynamics simulations with a structure-based protein model developed based on the energy landscape theory. We showed that the heme binding increases the stability of the myoglobin. More importantly, the heme binding tends to increase the protein folding cooperativity, and switch the folding process from a “three-state” mechanism to a “two-state” mechanism. We also showed that the folding pathways of the myoglobin can be modulated by the heme binding. By performing comparative simulations, we revealed that the above effects of heme binding are resulted from the heme induced folding of F-helix, which is otherwise unstructured at apo state, and the heme mediated contacting interactions around the heme binding site. The simulation results are consistent with available experimental data, and provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the effects of cofactor binding on the protein folding and stability.
Lower estimates related to the twisted Dedekind function
Authors: Kaczorowski Jerzy , Wiertelak Kazimierz
Published: November 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be a Dirichlet character. The main goal of this paper is to study oscillations of the difference [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] denotes the twisted Dedekind function. We prove that for infinitely many odd characters [Formula: see text] called “good”, we have [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is real. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for [Formula: see text] to be good, and in particular we prove that all odd primitive characters are good. We show also that there are infinitely many moduli [Formula: see text], including all prime powers [Formula: see text], for which all odd characters [Formula: see text] are good.
Two results on powers of two in Waring–Goldbach type problems
Authors: Liu Huafeng
Published: November 2015

In this paper, it is proved that for [Formula: see text], every sufficient large odd integer is a sum of one prime, two squares of primes and [Formula: see text] powers of two. Furthermore, for [Formula: see text], every pair of large odd integers satisfying some necessary conditions can be represented in the form of a pair of one prime, two squares of primes and [Formula: see text] powers of two. These improve the previous results [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Inverse results for weighted Harborth constants
Authors: Marchan Luz E. , Ordaz Oscar , Ramos Dennys , Schmid Wolfgang A.
Published: November 2015

For a finite abelian group [Formula: see text], the Harborth constant is defined as the smallest integer [Formula: see text] such that each squarefree sequence over [Formula: see text] of length [Formula: see text] has a subsequence of length equal to the exponent of [Formula: see text] whose terms sum to [Formula: see text]. The plus-minus weighted Harborth constant is defined in the same way except that the existence of a plus-minus weighted subsum equaling [Formula: see text] is required, that is, when forming the sum one can choose a sign for each term. The inverse problem associated to these constants is the problem of determining the structure of squarefree sequences of maximal length that do not yet have such a zero-subsum. We solve the inverse problems associated to these constants for certain groups, in particular, for groups that are the direct sum of a cyclic group and a group of order two. Moreover, we obtain some results for the plus-minus weighted Erdős–Ginzburg–Ziv constant.
Discriminants of 𝔖n-orders
Authors: Louboutin Stéphane R.
Published: November 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be an algebraic integer of degree [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the [Formula: see text] complex conjugate of [Formula: see text]. Assume that the Galois group [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to the symmetric group [Formula: see text]. We give a [Formula: see text]-basis and the discriminant of the order [Formula: see text]. We end up with an open question showing that this problem seems much harder when we assume that [Formula: see text] is already Galois or even cyclic.
Blood equivalent phantom vs whole human blood, a comparative study
Authors: Karpienko K. , Gnyba M. , Milewska D. , Wróbel M. S. , Jędrzejewska-Szczerska M.
Published: November 2015

Preclinical research of biomedical optoelectronic devices is often performed with the use of blood phantoms — a simplified physical model of blood. The aim of this study is the comparison and distinction between blood phantoms as well as whole human blood measurements. We show how the use of such phantoms may influence the incorrect interpretation of measured signal. On the other hand, we highlight how the use of blood phantoms enables to investigate the phenomena that otherwise are almost impossible to be noticed.
Quasi-regular semilattices in singular linear spaces
Authors: Zhang Baohuan , Liu Yujun , Li Zengti
Published: November 2015

Let [Formula: see text] denote the [Formula: see text]-dimensional singular linear space over a finite field [Formula: see text]. For a fixed integer [Formula: see text], denote by [Formula: see text] the set of all subspaces of type [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. Partially ordered by ordinary inclusion, one family of quasi-regular semilattices is obtained. Moreover, we compute its all parameters.
INDIVIDUAL DISCOUNT RATES AND CLIMATE CHANGE: IS DISCOUNT RATE ASSOCIATED WITH SUPPORT FOR A CARBON TAX?
Authors: AMDUR DAVID , DALE DONALD , BORICK CHRISTOPHER , RABE BARRY G.
Published: November 2015

The issue of climate change is often framed as one in which contemporary actions, often with affixed costs, are necessary in order to prevent even greater costs being paid during a period in the future. Under such a framework it is thus necessary to calculate the rate in which future benefits are discounted to reflect current values. In this paper we examine how individual level discount rates affect their support for a policy tool that incurs contemporary costs in an effort to prevent future environmental damages. We find that individuals with higher discount rates are significantly less likely to support the imposition of a carbon tax in comparison with individuals that have lower discount rates. Even when controlling for other individual level attributes such as party affiliation a person’s rate for discounting the future is shown to be a strong predictor of their support for a carbon tax.
A Polylogarithmic-Competitive Algorithm for the
k
-Server Problem
Authors: Bansal Nikhil , Buchbinder Niv , Madry Aleksander , Naor Joseph (Seffi)
Published: November 2015

We give the first polylogarithmic-competitive randomized online algorithm for the
k
-server problem on an arbitrary finite metric space. In particular, our algorithm achieves a competitive ratio of Õ(log
3
n
log
2
k
) for any metric space on
n
points. Our algorithm improves upon the deterministic (2
k
-1)-competitive algorithm of Koutsoupias and Papadimitriou [Koutsoupias and Papadimitriou 1995] for a wide range of
n
.
Improving Concept-Based Image Retrieval with Training Weights Computed from Tags
Authors: Papapanagiotou Vasileios , Diou Christos , Delopoulos Anastasios
Published: November 2015

This article presents a novel approach to training classifiers for concept detection using tags and a variant of Support Vector Machine that enables the usage of training weights per sample. Combined with an appropriate tag weighting mechanism, more relevant samples play a more important role in the calibration of the final concept-detector model. We propose a complete, automated framework that (i) calculates relevance scores for each image-concept pair based on image tags, (ii) transforms the scores into relevance probabilities and automatically annotates each image according to this probability, (iii) transforms either the relevance scores or the probabilities into appropriate training weights and finally, (iv) incorporates the training weights and the visual features into a Fuzzy Support Vector Machine classifier to build the concept-detector model. The framework can be applied to online public collections, by gathering a large pool of diverse images, and using the calculated probability to select a training set and the associated training weights. To evaluate our argument, we experiment on two large annotated datasets. Experiments highlight the retrieval effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, experiments with various levels of annotation error show that using weights derived from tags significantly increases the robustness of the resulting concept detectors.
IRIS
Authors: Eikel Martina , Scheideler Christian
Published: November 2015

In this work, we present the first scalable distributed information system, that is, a system with low storage overhead, that is provably robust against denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by a current insider. We allow a current insider to have complete knowledge about the information system and to have the power to block any ε-fraction of its servers by a DoS attack, where ε can be chosen up to a constant. The task of the system is to serve any collection of lookup requests with at most one per nonblocked server in an efficient way despite this attack. Previously, scalable solutions were only known for DoS attacks of past insiders, where a past insider only has complete knowledge about some past time point
t
0
of the information system. Scheideler et al. [Awerbuch and Scheideler 2007; Baumgart et al. 2009] showed that in this case, it is possible to design an information system so that any information that was inserted or last updated after
t
0
is safe against a DoS attack. But their constructions would not work at all for a current insider. The key idea behind our IRIS system is to make extensive use of coding. More precisely, we present two alternative distributed coding strategies with an at most logarithmic storage overhead that can handle up to a constant fraction of blocked servers.
An Enhanced Adaptive Recoding Rotation CORDIC
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Chow Paul , Liu Hengzhu
Published: November 2015

The Conventional Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm has been widely used in many applications, particularly in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS) and Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT). However, CORDIC is constrained by the excessive number of iterations, angle data path, and scaling factor compensation. In this article, an enhanced adaptive recoding CORDIC (EARC) is proposed. It uses the enhanced adaptive recoding method to reduce the required iterations and adopts the trigonometric transformation scheme to scale up the rotation angles. Computing sine and cosine is used first to compare the core functionality of EARC with basic CORDIC; then a 16-bit DDS and a 1,024-point FFT based on EARC are evaluated to demonstrate the benefits of EARC in larger applications. All the proposed architectures are validated on a Virtex 5 FPGA development platform. Compared with a commercial implementation of CORDIC, EARC requires 33.3% less hardware resources, provides a twofold speedup, dissipates 70.4% less power, and improves accuracy in terms of the Bit Error Position (BEP). Compared to the state-of-the-art Hybrid CORDIC, EARC reduces latency by 11.1% and consumes 17% less power. Compared with a commercial implementation of DDS, the dissipated power of the proposed DDS is reduced by 27.2%. The proposed DDS improves Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) by nearly 7 dBc and dissipates 21.8% less power when compared with a recently published DDS circuit. The FFT based on EARC dissipates a factor of 2.05 less power than the commercial FFT even when choosing the 100% toggle rate for the FFT based on EARC and the 12.5% toggle rate for the commercial FFT. Compared with a recently published FFT, the FFT based on EARC improves Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) by 8.9 dB and consumes 7.78% less power.
Plasma Membrane Repair: A Central Process for Maintaining Cellular Homeostasis
Authors: Blazek Alisa D. , Paleo Brian J. , Weisleder Noah
Published: November 2015

Plasma membrane repair is a conserved cellular response mediating active resealing of membrane disruptions to maintain homeostasis and prevent cell death and progression of multiple diseases. Cell membrane repair repurposes mechanisms from various cellular functions, including vesicle trafficking, exocytosis, and endocytosis, to mend the broken membrane. Recent studies increased our understanding of membrane repair by establishing the molecular machinery contributing to membrane resealing. Here, we review some of the key proteins linked to cell membrane repair.
ASICs Mediate Pain and Inflammation in Musculoskeletal Diseases
Authors: Abdelhamid Ramy E. , Sluka Kathleen A.
Published: November 2015

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is debilitating and affects ∼20% of adults. Tissue acidosis is present in painful musculoskeletal diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. ASICs are located on skeletal muscle and joint nociceptors as well as on nonneuronal cells in the muscles and joints, where they mediate nociception. This review discusses the properties of different types of ASICs, factors affecting their pH sensitivity, and their role in musculoskeletal hyperalgesia and inflammation.
Application of Fractional Wave Packet Transform for Robust Watermarking of Mammograms
Authors: Siddaraju Pushpa Mala , Jayadevappa Devappa , Ezhilarasan Kaliyamoorthy
Published: November 2015

Exchanging of medical data requires efficient authentication and protection of medical data that can be illegally modified. Watermarking plays an important role in protecting, sharing, and securing medical data. In this work, a robust nonblind medical image watermarking scheme is proposed. The process involves two steps: the embedding and the extraction phase. During the embedding phase, l-level FRWPT is performed on the host image and the watermark is embedded into the modified reference image. In the second phase, inverse FRWPT is performed on the watermarked image to extract the watermark from the watermarked image. The proposed scheme is tested on mammograms images and is subjected to common attacks like Gaussian filtering, median filtering, compression, sharpening, and contrast adjustments. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust.
Telemedicine and Plastic Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Valente Denis Souto , Silveira Eifler Luciano , Carvalho Lauro Aita , Filho Gustavo Azambuja Pereira , Ribeiro Vinicius Weissheimer , Padoin Alexandre Vontobel
Published: November 2015

Background. Telemedicine can be defined as the use of electronic media for transmission of information and medical data from one site to another. The objective of this study is to demonstrate an experience of telemedicine in plastic surgery. Methods. 32 plastic surgeons received a link with password for real-time streaming of a surgery. At the end of the procedure, the surgeons attending the procedure by the Internet answered five questions. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results. 27 plastic surgeons attended the online procedure in real-time. 96.3% considered the access to the website as good or excellent and 3.7% considered it bad. 14.8% reported that the transmission was bad and 85.2% considered the quality of transmission as good or excellent. 96.3% classified the live broadcasting as a good or excellent learning experience and 3.7% considered it a bad experience. 92.6% reported feeling able to perform this surgery after watching the demo and 7.4% did not feel able. 100% of participants said they would like to participate in other surgical demonstrations over the Internet. Conclusion. We conclude that the use of telemedicine can provide more access to education and medical research, for plastic surgeons looking for medical education from distant regions.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Hemoglobin H Disease Early Misdiagnosed as Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Series of Unfortunate Events
Authors: Andreadis Panagiotis , Theodoridou Stamatia , Pasakiotou Marily , Arapoglou Stergios , Gigi Eleni , Vetsiou Evaggelia , Vlachaki Efthymia
Published: November 2015

We herein would like to report an interesting case of a patient who presented with anemia and thrombocytopenia combined with high serum Lactic Dehydrogenase where Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura was originally considered. As indicated a central venous catheter was inserted in his subclavian vein which led to mediastinal hematoma and finally intubation and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospitalization. After further examination patient was finally diagnosed with B12 deficiency in a setting of H hemoglobinopathy. There have been previous reports where pernicious anemia was originally diagnosed and treated as Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura but there has been none to our knowledge that was implicated with hemothorax and ICU hospitalization or correlated with thalassemia and we discuss the significance of accurate diagnosis in order to avoid adverse reactions and therapy implications.
Sternalis Muscle: An Unexpected Finding during Mastectomy
Authors: Sasmal Prakash K. , Meher Susanta , Mishra Tushar S. , Deep N. , Tripathy Prabhas R. , Rath Satyajit
Published: November 2015

Sternalis muscle also called rectus sternalis, rectus thoracis, or episternalis is an anomalous muscle of the anterior chest wall with unknown anatomical function. It is regularly observed in lower animal but infrequently in humans. Presence of this muscle can create confusion with tumours of the anterior chest wall during routine mammography. Although less is known about its origin and innervations, knowledge about this muscle can have many clinical implications. A case of unilateral sternalis muscle detected during mastectomy, in a female with carcinoma of the right breast, is being reported with a brief review of the literature and highlighting its clinical significance.
Magnetic Resonance Image Sequence Influences the Relationship between Bone Marrow Lesions Volume and Pain: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Zhang Ming , Driban Jeffrey B. , Price Lori Lyn , Lo Grace H. , McAlindon Timothy E.
Published: November 2015

Subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are related to structural and symptomatic osteoarthritis progression. However, it is unclear how sequence selection influences a quantitative BML measurement and its construct validity. We compared quantitative assessment of BMLs on intermediate-weighted fat suppressed (IW FS) turbo spin echo and 3-dimensional dual echo steady state (3D DESS) sequences. We used a customized software to measure 30 knees’ (24- and 48-month MR images) BMLs on both sequences. The results showed that the IW FS sequences have much larger BML volumes (median: IW FS = 1840 mm3; DESS = 191 mm3) and BML volume change (between 24 and 48 months) than DESS sequence and demonstrate more BML volume change. The 24-month BML volume on IW FS is correlated with BML volume on DESS (rs= 0.83). BML volume change on IW FS is not significantly correlated with change on DESS. The 24-month WOMAC pain is correlated with the 24-month BMLs on IW FS (rs= 0.39) but not DESS. The change in WOMAC pain is correlated with BML volume change on IW FS (rs= 0.37) but not DESS. Overall, BML quantification on IW FS offers better validity and statistical power than BML quantification on a 3D DESS sequence.
A EWTD Compliant Rotation Schedule Which Protects Elective Training Opportunities Is Safe and Provides Sufficient Exposure to Emergency General Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Emmanuel Andrew , Chohda Ezzat , Sands Carolyn , Ellul Joseph , Khawaja Hamid
Published: November 2015

Introduction. Training opportunities have decreased dramatically since the introduction of the European Working Time Directive (EWTD). In order to maximise training we introduced a rotation schedule in which registrars do not work night shifts and elective training opportunities are protected. We aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of this EWTD compliant rotation schedule in achieving exposure of trainees to acute general surgical admissions and operations.Methods. A prospective study of consecutive emergency surgical admissions over a 6-month period. Exposure to acute admissions and operative procedures and patient outcomes during day and night shifts was compared.Results. There were 1156 emergency admissions covering a broad range of acute conditions. Significantly more patients were admitted during the day shift and almost all emergency procedures were performed during the day shift (2.1 versus 0.3,p< 0.001). A registrar was the primary operating surgeon in 49% of cases and was directly involved in over 65%. There were no significant differences between patients admitted during the day and night shifts in mortality rate, length of stay, admission to ICU, requirement for surgery, or readmission rates.Conclusion. A EWTD compliant rotation schedule that protects elective training opportunities is safe for patients and provides adequate exposure to training opportunities in emergency surgery.
GABABEncephalitis: A Fifty-Two-Year-Old Man with Seizures, Dysautonomia, and Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Loftspring Matthew C. , Landsness Eric , Wooliscroft Lindsey , Rudock Robert , Jo Sally , Patel Kevin R.
Published: November 2015

Autoantibodies to theγ-aminobutyric acid receptor, subtype B (GABAB), are a known cause of limbic encephalitis. The spectrum of clinical manifestations attributable to this antibody is not well defined at the present time. Here we present a case ofGABABencephalitis presenting with encephalopathy, status epilepticus, dysautonomia, and acute heart failure. To our knowledge, heart failure and dysautonomia have not yet been reported with this syndrome.
Large-Scale Drug Screens Support Precision Medicine
Authors: Gray Joe W. , Mills Gordon B.
Published: November 2015

Summary: The major challenge underlying the emerging precision medicine initiative is to make links between cancer subsets and drugs that can be used to guide treatment of individual patients, leading to improved outcomes and decreased toxicity. Seashore-Ludlow and colleagues support this effort by reporting measurements of responses of 664 adherent cancer cell lines to 70 FDA-approved drugs, 100 experimental compounds, and 311 small-molecule probes. They use a novel Annotated Cluster Multidimensional Enrichment algorithm to identify drug mechanisms of action, molecular markers of response, responsive cancer subtypes, and compounds that produce synergistic cell inhibition. Cancer Discov; 5(11); 1130–2. ©2015 AACR.

See related article by Seashore-Ludlow et al., p. 1210.
The SIN1-PH Domain Connects mTORC2 to PI3K
Authors: Yuan Hai-Xin , Guan Kun-Liang
Published: November 2015

Summary: The mTOR complex 2, mTORC2, is a critical downstream effector of PI3K that stimulates AGC kinase members, including AKT, PKC, and SGK. Liu and colleagues reported that the pleckstrin homology domain of SIN1, an essential component of mTORC2, directly binds the PI3K product PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to promote mTORC2 kinase activation and membrane localization, thereby revealing a mechanistic link between PI3K and mTORC2. Cancer Discov; 5(11); 1127–9. ©2015 AACR.

See related article by Liu and colleagues, p. 1194.
Thinking Religion Through Things
Authors: Bräunlein Peter J.
Published: November 2015

In recent years, the “material turn” has gained prominence in the humanities and social sciences, and it has also stimulated a shift toward a rediscovery of materiality in the scientific study of religion\s. The material turn aims to dissolve conventional dichotomies and, by emphasizing the concept of assemblage, insists that humans and things are fundamentally co-constitutive. This “New Materialism” addresses ontological alterity, and it radically decenters static anthropocentric arrangements and the position of the human subject as such. The insider–outsider distinction, however, as well as the emic–etic categorization, are based on fundamental dichotomies between the researcher and the researched, and between descriptive and analytical understandings of human beings. This article discusses the possibility and significance of a non-anthropocentric approach to religion, and examines to what extent it is analytically helpful to apply the insider–outsider and emic–etic distinctions while pursuing the goal of dissolving hierarchical and binary thinking. It furthermore argues that these issues can be properly answered only with reference to their methodological implications.
Feasting at the Lord’s Table
Authors: Frojmovic Eva
Published: November 2015

The miniature of the eschatological banquet of the righteous in paradise pictured at the end of the Ambrosian Bible is read here through the lens of a cultural history or histoire des mentalités. The banquet motif is interpreted as a symbolic representation of transcendent order, by means of a bricolage of preexisting images and iconographies of social order. Ultimately, the eschatological setting of the aristocratic banquet suggests a polemical critique of a society that excluded Jews, and a vision of the courtly, exclusionary hierarchies of aristocratic Europe triumphantly subverted.
The Sudden Disappearance of Nitpael and the Rise of Hitpael in Modern Hebrew, and the Role of Yiddish in the Process
Authors: Wigderson Shira
Published: November 2015

In this article I will present some data about the uses and the distribution of Hitpael and Nitpael during the revival years of Modern Hebrew. While examining this new data, I will try to answer two questions: a) What caused the authors from 1870 to 1920 to prefer the Nitpael form over the Hitpael form; and b) What happened in later years when Hitpael took Nitpael’s place, and became much more frequently used in written and spoken Modern Hebrew? I suggest that Yiddish had influenced speakers to use the Nitpael form in earlier days, but that since its influence on speakers had diminished, and because the meanings of Nitpael are a sub-group of Hitpael’s meanings, Hitpael became the more frequent form of use.
Modern Hebrew še- and Judeo-Spanish ke- (que-) in Independent Modal Constructions
Authors: Schwarzwald Ora (Rodrigue) , Shlomo Sigal
Published: November 2015

Modality in Modern Hebrew is expressed in different ways. This article concentrates on one special construction consisting of an independent clause introduced by the particlešefollowed by a future tense verb, which expresses a variety of modal meanings: desires, wishes, prohibitions, volitions, curses, commands, etc. This means of expressing modality is very common in spoken Modern Hebrew, and can be found in various literary genres. As for its origins, although several suggestions have been proposed, we argue that spoken Judeo-Spanish (the substrate language of the first users of spoken Modern Hebrew in Israel), rather than Yiddish or Russian, is the initial contributor to this widely used construction.
Colloquial Modern Hebrew Doubly-marked Interrogatives and Contact with Arabic and Neo-Aramaic Dialects
Authors: Khalaily Samir , Doron Edit
Published: November 2015

This article describes the innovative dmi construction—doubly-marked interrogative—of colloquial Modern Hebrew, in which a question is doubly marked as interrogative. A dmi consists of two parts: (i) an ordinary question, which we call the content question, and (ii) an additional wh-phrase, the attitude marker, which embeds the content question, and whose function is to assign it additional illocutionary force, typically that of rejecting a presupposition salient in the discourse. The article suggests that the dmi was (re-)innovated in Modern Hebrew as a result of contact with Modern Arabic and Neo-Aramaic dialects. It may have been previously innovated in an earlier stage of Hebrew due to its contact with Aramaic.
The Impact of Contact Languages on the Degrammaticalization of the Hebrew Definite Article
Authors: Doron Edit , Meir Irit
Published: November 2015

The Hebrew articleha- is apparently undergoing a process of degrammaticalization within Modern Hebrew. Its distribution has been changing in a particular direction that is unexpected from the point of view of historical linguistics. Whereas in Classical Hebrew it was found with a limited number of lexical items, it now attaches to a variety of phrases. This change is indicative of a change in its morpho-syntactic category: it is becoming more a clitic than an affix. The morpho-syntactic change is accompanied by a semantic change; its function is to mark the definiteness of the phrase it attaches to, rather than being part of the Classical Hebrew state system. We propose that the change has its roots in a language-internal change that affected the periphrastic genitive construction of Mishnaic Hebrew and was enhanced through several phases of language contact such as the contact of Medieval Hebrew with Arabic and the contact of nineteenth-century Hasidic Hebrew with Yiddish.
Superfluous Negation in Modern Hebrew and Its Origins
Authors: Rubinstein Aynat , Sichel Ivy , Tsirkin-Sadan Avigail
Published: November 2015

In this article, we survey a variety of constructions in contemporary Modern Hebrew that include seemingly superfluous instances of negation. These include free relatives, exclamative rhetorical questions, clausal complements of ‘until,’ ‘without,’ and ‘before,’ clausal complements of ‘fear’-type verbs, after negated ‘surprise,’ and the complement of ‘almost’ (a construction by now obsolete). We identify possible sources for these constructions in pre-modern varieties of Hebrew. When an earlier source cannot be found, we examine earliest attestations of the constructions in modern-era corpora and consider the role of contact (primarily with Yiddish and Slavic) in their development.
Modern-Hebrew lama-še Interrogatives and Their Judeo-Spanish Origins
Authors: Francez Itamar
Published: November 2015

This article describes a Modern Hebrew interrogative construction, not found in earlier varieties of the language, in which awh-word is followed by a clause headed by the complementizerše‘that.’ When that clause contains negation, the resulting sentence has the illocutionary force of a suggestion, with the opposite polarity to that of the complementizer clause. In this case, negation fails to license negative concord and negative polarity items. The main properties of the construction are described, an analysis is sketched, and evidence is given indicating Judeo-Spanish as the probable source for the construction.
A Constructional Idiom in Modern Hebrew: The Influence of English on a Native Hebrew Collocation
Authors: Hovav Malka Rappaport
Published: November 2015

This article discusses a constructional idiom that has developed in recent Modern Hebrew, based on the Classical Hebrew collocation expressing the committing of suicide, with the verb replaced by an open position that can be filled by a wide range of verbs. It is argued that the development of the idiom involved a syntactic re-analysis of the original collocation whereby the pp is reanalyzed as a result pp and the reflexive is analyzed as a non-subcategorized np. It is suggested that the idiom developed under the influence of a similar productive construction in English. The interpretation of the constructional idiom is briefly explored and comparison is made with another constructional idiom based on a group of native collocations under the influence of English.
What Is New in the np-Strategy for Expressing Reciprocity in Modern Hebrew and What Are Its Origins?
Authors: Bar-Asher Siegal Elitzur A.
Published: November 2015

This essay focuses on various aspects of thenp-strategies for expressing reciprocity in Modern Hebrew and inquires about their origin. It attempts to determine the exact type of relationship that exists between the contemporary constructions and their equivalents in older periods. It describes a situation in which Modern Hebrew added a newnp-construction to express reciprocity, due to a calque of a construction existing in Indo-European languages. This is an interesting example of the way Modern Hebrew grows richer by incorporating external influence. The new construction did not replace the older one, an inheritance from Mishnaic Hebrew. Instead, it provided a means to distinguish between registers. Despite the semantic and the syntactic resemblance between the new and the old constructions, they remained independent, and they differ in their sociolinguistic distribution, grammatical properties, and semantic nuances.
From Negative Polarity to Negative Concord—Slavic Footprints in the Diachronic Change of Hebrew meʔuma, klum, and šum davar
Authors: Keren Einat-Haya
Published: November 2015

The article is concerned with a special kind of negative items that changed their distribution when Hebrew became a spoken language again, as an impact of the native languages of its first users. The main claim is that the itemsmeʔuma, klum, andšum davar, which function as Negative Polarity Items (npis) in Biblical and Rabbinic texts, and are therefore translated as ‘anything,’ have changed their function into Negative Concord Items (ncis) in the course of Hebrew’s so-called revival, and are now better translated as ‘nothing.’ Though both classes are often used with negation, there are contexts in which onlyncis ornpis are allowed. Showing the difference in distribution between Modern and Classical Hebrew, the article comparesmeʔuma, klum, andšum davarto parallelncis in Polish, Russian, and Yiddish. It concludes that the shift in distribution and meaning of these items is mostly due to influence of Slavic languages.
Coastal Zone Surface Stress with Stable Stratification
Authors: Mahrt L. , Andreas Edgar L , Edson James B. , Vickers Dean , Sun Jielun , Patton Edward G.
Published: November 2015

Summertime eddy correlation measurements from an offshore tower are analyzed to investigate the dependence of the friction velocity for stable conditions on the mean wind speed V, air–sea difference of virtual potential temperature δθυ, and nonstationary submeso motions. The quantity δθυ sometimes exceeds 3°C, usually because of the advection of warm air from land over cooler water at this site. Thin stable boundary layers result. Unexpectedly, does not depend systematically on the stratification δθυ even for weak winds. For weak winds, increases systematically with increasing submeso variations of the wind. The relationship for a given V is greater in nonstationary conditions. Additionally, this study examines as a function of wind direction. The relationship appears to be affected by swell direction for weak winds and advection from land for short fetches.
Forecasting Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Basin Using the NCEP Operational HWRF Model: Model Upgrades and Evaluation of Real-Time Performance in 2013
Authors: Tallapragada Vijay , Kieu Chanh , Trahan Samuel , Liu Qingfu , Wang Weiguo , Zhang Zhan , Tong Mingjing , Zhang Banglin , Zhu Lin , Strahl Brian
Published: November 2015

This study presents evaluation of real-time performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) modeling system upgraded and implemented in 2013 in the western North Pacific basin (WPAC). Retrospective experiments with the 2013 version of the HWRF Model upgrades for 2012 WPAC tropical cyclones (TCs) show significant forecast improvement compared to the real-time forecasts from the 2012 version of HWRF. Despite a larger number of strong storms in the WPAC during 2013, real-time forecasts from the 2013 HWRF (H213) showed an overall reduction in intensity forecast errors, mostly at the 4–5-day lead times. Verification of the H213’s skill against the climate persistence forecasts shows that although part of such improvements in 2013 is related to the different seasonal characteristics between the years 2012 and 2013, the new model upgrades implemented in 2013 could provide some further improvement that the 2012 version of HWRF could not achieve. Further examination of rapid intensification (RI) events demonstrates noticeable skill of H213 with the probability of detection (POD) index of 0.22 in 2013 compared to 0.09 in 2012, suggesting that H213 starts to show skill in predicting RI events in the WPAC.
An Outside View
Authors: Porter Sonya R. , Liebler Carolyn A. , Noon James M.
Published: October 2015

Outsiders’ views of a person’s race or Hispanic origin can affect how she sees herself, how she reports her race/ethnicity, and her social and economic experiences. Social processes of constructing race are complicated for people whose identity is not reflected back to them in interactions, and mismatched identification gives insight into social assumptions. Using unique linked data from the 2000 and 2010 censuses, we find that in 90% of our 3.7 million cases, proxy reports (e.g., neighbors) of a person’s race/ethnicity match responses given by the household. Match rates are high for non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and Asians and for Hispanic ethnicity. Matches are much less common for other groups (American Indian/Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, Some Other Race, multiracial, and the race(s) of Hispanics). Proxies often report biracial Black-Whites as Black, but tend to report biracial American Indian-Whites, Asian-Whites, and Pacific Islander-Whites as non-Hispanic White rather than as people of color. Proxies frequently report children as multiple race and elders as single race, whether they are or not, potentially lowering the average age of the multiracial population. Proxies tend to report the person’s race and Hispanic origin as consistent with others in the tract, potentially increasing measured residential segregation.
Lobbying Against Compassion
Authors: Almiron Núria , Khazaal Natalie
Published: October 2015

The entire span of animal research from captivity to death causes immense suffering for hundreds of millions of nonhuman animals every year. Their suffering also disturbs the public, which is increasingly aware—due to animal advocacy, scientists’ testaments, and growing direct evidence—that animals’ use in biomedical research is more a matter of tradition than any proven superiority of vivisection over other modes of experimentation. Yet in response, the vivisection industrial complex lobbies against animal welfare regulation and animal rights activism. This article discusses how the political economy of the vivisection industry supports the speciesist business of animal testing by mimicking the language of animal welfare to increasingly obstruct the public’s compassion.
MicroRNA-138 Inhibits Periodontal Progenitor Differentiation under Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Zhou X. , Luan X. , Chen Z. , Francis M. , Gopinathan G. , Li W. , Lu X. , Li S. , Wu C. , Diekwisch T.G.H.
Published: October 2015

Inflammatory conditions as they occur during periodontal disease often result in decreased alveolar bone levels and a loss of connective tissue homeostasis. Here we have focused on the effect of microRNA-138 (miR-138) as a potential regulator of periodontal stem cells as they affect homeostasis during inflammatory conditions. Our data indicate that miR-138 was significantly upregulated in our periodontal disease animal model. Interaction of miR-138 with a predicted targeting site on the osteocalcin (OC) promoter resulted in a 3.7-fold reduction of luciferase activity in promoter assays compared with controls; and miR-138 overexpression in periodontal progenitors significantly inhibited OC (3.4-fold), Runx2 (2.8-fold), and collagen I (2.6-fold). Moreover, treatment with inflammatory modulators such as interleukin (IL)–6 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in a significant 2.2-fold (IL-6) or 1.9-fold (LPS) increase in miR-138 expression, while OC and Runx2 expression was significantly decreased as a result of treatment with each inflammatory mediator. Further defining the role of miR-138 in the OC-mediated control of mineralization, we demonstrated that the LPS-induced downregulation of OC expression was partially reversed after miR-138 knockdown. LPS, miR-138 mimic, and OC small interfering RNA inhibited osteoblast differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase activity, while miR-138 inhibitor and OC protein addition enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity. Supporting the role of OC as an essential modulator of osteoblast differentiation, knockdown of miR-138 or addition of OC protein partially rescued alkaline phosphatase activity in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells subjected to LPS treatment. Our data establish miR-138 inhibitor as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of the bone loss associated with advanced periodontal disease.
Scrub typhus in pregnancy: a case series
Authors: Meena Monika , Rohilla Minakshi , Jain Vanita , Kalra Jaswinder , Prasad GRV
Published: October 2015

Scrub typhus, an acute febrile illness caused by Rickettsia and transmitted by mites, is a re-emerging endemic zoonosis in the Asia Pacific region. It is an uncommon entity and very few cases of this disease in pregnant women have been reported. We present a series of six such cases collected over 1 year with poor feto-maternal outcome in 50%.
The fractional order PI control for an energy saving electro-hydraulic system
Authors: Jiangbo Zhao , Junzheng Wang
Published: October 2015

In an electro-hydraulic system (EHS), the throttling phenomenon of the hydraulic valve leads to the problem of low utilization efficiency of hydraulic energy and severe increases in temperature. To alleviate this problem, this paper presents a type of one-chamber-controlled hydraulic circuit. In some applications where elastic load is dominant, this hydraulic circuit can achieve a significant energy-saving effect. For a valve-controlled system, the orifice non-linearity and the slowly varying parameter significantly influence the control performance of the electro-hydraulic system. With this aim in mind, the orifice compensation method is proposed to deal with the orifice non-linearity. Based on the compensation, the fractional order proportional–integral (FOPI) controller is adopted to deal with the problem of fluid parameter variation. In the controller designing process, this paper proposes a controller parameter tuning method based on system frequency characteristic data. Simulation and experiment results show that the strategy presented in this paper can reduce the energy losses dramatically and, at the same time, the control performance of electro-hydraulic system can be guaranteed.
Reduction of Pharyngocutaneous Fistulae in Laryngectomy Patients by a Comprehensive Performance Improvement Intervention
Authors: Li Ryan J. , Zhou Xian Chong , Fakhry Carole , Negrin Juan , Lee Gregory , Ha Patrick , Blanco Ray , Saunders John , Califano Joseph A.
Published: October 2015

Objective

Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a common complication in laryngectomy patients, particularly in previously irradiated cases. We initiated a comprehensive performance improvement intervention in all head and neck surgery patients intended to reduce postoperative infection and fistulae rates. We report our review of outcomes within laryngectomy patients.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Academic tertiary referral center.

Subjects

Nineteen laryngectomy patients at risk of postoperative fistula formation.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of all patients who had undergone laryngectomy procedures between January 2013 and April 2014. Clinicodemographic data were obtained, including history of diabetes, prior radiation therapy, type of reconstruction performed for closure of the pharyngeal defect, and the presence or absence of postoperative fistula.

Results

The study population comprised 19 laryngectomy patients. Prior to implementation of our performance improvement intervention, 8 of 11 (73%) patients undergoing laryngectomy developed postoperative fistulae. After intervention, 0 of 8 patients developed fistulae (P =. 002). Prior radiation, diabetes mellitus, and overall stage were not associated with a reduction in fistula rate (P >. 05).

Conclusion

Comprehensive uniform application of a standard antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical technique, perioperative care, and treatment of comorbid conditions can significantly reduce and potentially eliminate fistulae in laryngectomy patients who are especially at risk.
Zones of Indeterminacy: An Interview with Peng Yu
Authors: Manghani Sunil , Weng Cheng-Chu
Published: October 2015

In ‘Zones of Indeterminacy: Art, Body and Politics in Daoist Thought’, Peng Yu foregrounds the concept of Xu from Zhuangzi’s philosophical writings, and relates this to questions about the political body. Xu refers to a Daoist notion of ambiguity, though it remains unclear as to how to fully define the term. The article explores its meaning through reference to debates of the body, but also liubai painting, which refers to the idea of ‘leaving blankness’, associated with Chinese ink painting. For Peng Yu, the notion of Xu can help us to consider a ‘politics of indeterminacy’ – a means of redefining the status of subject within power structures, or rather a radical re-articulation of how we refer to power relations in the first place. In this interview, with Sunil Manghani and Cheng-Chu Weng, Peng Yu outlines and elaborates upon the main themes of the article.
Feasibility of Automatic Extraction of Electronic Health Data to Evaluate a Status Epilepticus Clinical Protocol
Authors: Hafeez Baria , Paolicchi Juliann , Pon Steven , Howell Joy D. , Grinspan Zachary M.
Published: October 2015

Status epilepticus is a common neurologic emergency in children. Pediatric medical centers often develop protocols to standardize care. Widespread adoption of electronic health records by hospitals affords the opportunity for clinicians to rapidly, and electronically evaluate protocol adherence. We reviewed the clinical data of a small sample of 7 children with status epilepticus, in order to (1) qualitatively determine the feasibility of automated data extraction and (2) demonstrate a timeline-style visualization of each patient’s first 24 hours of care. Qualitatively, our observations indicate that most clinical data are well labeled in structured fields within the electronic health record, though some important information, particularly electroencephalography (EEG) data, may require manual abstraction. We conclude that a visualization that clarifies a patient’s clinical course can be automatically created using the patient’s electronic clinical data, supplemented with some manually abstracted data. Future work could use this timeline to evaluate adherence to status epilepticus clinical protocols.
Localism and the third sector: New relationships of public service?
Authors: Fenwick John , Gibbon Jane
Published: October 2015

Using interview and documentary empirical evidence from leaders of a local community group that took on the running of a leisure facility after its threatened closure by the local authority, this article examines the relationship between third sector and state sector, the role of volunteers, the changing role of third sector organisations and the theoretical and practical limitations of ‘localism’ in making sense of these changes. It is suggested that localism is to be understood in relation to continuing central influences over policy, that community and voluntary organisations are inextricably bound up with the public sector rather than being a discrete and independent sector in their own right, and that the extant academic literature on networks, agencies and partnerships does not adequately describe these emergent new relationships of public service.