bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facebook and mosquito-borne disease outbreaks: An analysis of public responses to federal health agencies’ posts about dengue and Zika in 2016
Authors: Carvajal Pablo , Balanay Jo Anne G. , Shearman Sachiyo , Richards Stephanie L.
Published: September 2022

Responses of Facebook users to four United States federal health agencies’ social media posts about dengue and Zika (mosquito-borne diseases), surveillance, and control during the Zika outbreak in 2016 were tracked. Official Facebook pages of health agencies were analyzed, and a qualitative analysis program was used to perform a thematic analysis of the data on public responses to health agency posts. Public sentiment analysis showed that Facebook users had a negative sentiment towards health information observed in this study. Themes were identified in the studied posts, giving insight into the nature of public discussions and responses to federal health agencies. Themes were assessed based on the way the agencies’ mosquito-borne disease information was received by the public through the social media platform, Facebook. Results indicate that public perception/understanding of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks can be assessed by analyzing public interactions with health agencies on Facebook. The importance of maximizing effectiveness by addressing issues in sharing health education information, risk communication, and monitoring of public responses by health agencies through social media platforms is discussed.
Polymorphisms of adiponectin gene and gene–lipid interaction with hypertension risk in Chinese coal miners: A matched case-control study
Authors: Hu Xiaoqin , Xi Yanfeng , Bai Wenqi , Zhang Zhenjun , Qi Jiahao , Dong Liang , Liang Huiting , Sun Zeyu , Lei Lijian , Fan Guoquan , Sun Chenming , Huo Cheng , Huang Jianjun , Wang Tong
Published: September 2022

Objective

Low serum adiponectin level can predict hypertension development, and adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms have been reported to be linked with hypertension risk. Whereas, the interaction between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and environmental factors on the susceptibility of hypertension remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of ADIPOQ polymorphisms with hypertension risk and their interaction with lipid levels in coal miners.

Methods

A matched case-control study with 296 case-control pairs was performed in a large coal mining group located in North China. The participants were questioned by trained interviewers, and their ADIPOQ genotype and lipid levels were determined. Logistic regression, stratified analysis, and crossover analysis were applied to evaluate the effects of rs2241766, rs1501299, and rs266729 genotypes and gene–lipid interaction on hypertension risk.

Results

In this matched case-control study, the genotypes of rs2241766 TG+GG, rs1501299 GT+TT, and rs266729 CG+GG were marginally related to hypertension risk. Individuals with high total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level were susceptible to hypertension (TC: odds ratio [OR] = 1.807, 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] = 1.266–2.581; LDL-C: OR = 1.981, 95%CI = 1.400–2.803; HDL-C: OR = 1.559, 95%CI = 1.093–2.223). Antagonistic interactions were detected between rs2241766 and TC, rs1501299 and TC, rs2241766 and LDL-C, and rs1501299 and HDL-C (rs2241766 and TC: OR = 0.393, 95%CI = 0.191–0.806; rs1501299 and TC: OR = 0.445, 95%CI = 0.216–0.918; rs2241766 and LDL-C: OR = 0.440, 95%CI = 0.221–0.877; rs1501299 and HDL-C: OR = 0.479, 95%CI = 0.237–0.967). Stratified analysis showed that hypertension risk was high for the subjects with rs2241766 TG+GG or rs1501299 GG under the low lipid level but low for those under the high lipid level. In the case group, the TC and LDL-C levels for rs2241766 TG+GG were lower than those for rs2241766 GG, and the TC and HDL-C levels for rs1501299 GT+TT were higher than those for rs1501299 GG.

Conclusions

Although the effects of ADIPOQ polymorphisms alone were not remarkable, an antagonistic interaction was observed between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and lipid levels.
Choriocapillaris flow deficit in a pachychoroid spectrum disease using en face optical coherence tomography angiography averaging
Authors: Tagawa Miho , Ooto Sotaro , Yamashiro Kenji , Tamura Hiroshi , Oishi Akio , Uji Akihito , Miyata Manabu , Miyake Masahiro , Takahashi Ayako , Ichioka Ai , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To investigate the choriocapillaris changes associated with pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) in comparison with healthy eyes.

Methods

Nine 3 × 3 mm macular optical coherence tomography angiography images were acquired in patients with PPE and age-matched healthy participants. Multiple en face image averaging of the choriocapillaris was binarized for quantitative image analysis of the flow voids. In PPE eyes, we evaluated the presence of pachyvessels and the association between the location of the choriocapillaris flow deficit and pachyvessels.

Results

Thirty-two eyes with PPE and 30 eyes of healthy participants were included. In PPE eyes, the mean total area (1.16 ± 0.18 vs. 0.91 ± 0.16, p < 0.001) and average size of the flow voids (790 ± 144 vs. 520 ± 138; p < 0.001) were significantly larger than those in control eyes. Composite images of the choriocapillaris and choroid showed choriocapillaris flow deficits just above and outside the pachyvessels. The mean proportion of the flow void area overlying the pachyvessels against the whole flow void area of the choriocapillaris was 21.3% ± 10.2% (9.38%-44.42%) in PPE eyes.

Conclusions

In PPE eyes, the blood flow area of the choriocapillaris decreased diffusely within the macular area compared to control eyes, and the choriocapillaris flow deficit was not necessarily related to pachyvessel location.
Time to diagnosis and treatment in younger adults with colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Castelo Matthew , Sue-Chue-Lam Colin , Paszat Lawrence , Kishibe Teruko , Scheer Adena S. , Hansen Bettina E. , Baxter Nancy N.
Published: September 2022

Background

The incidence of colorectal cancer is rising in adults <50 years of age. As a primarily unscreened population, they may have clinically important delays to diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to review the literature on delay intervals in patients <50 years with colorectal cancer (CRC), and explore associations between longer intervals and outcomes.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS were searched until December 2, 2021. We included studies published after 1990 reporting any delay interval in adults <50 with CRC. Interval measures and associations with stage at presentation or survival were synthesized and described in a narrative fashion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, Institute of Health Economics Case Series Quality Appraisal Checklist, and the Aarhus Checklist for cancer delay studies.

Results

55 studies representing 188,530 younger CRC patients were included. Most studies used primary data collection (64%), and 47% reported a single center. Sixteen unique intervals were measured. The most common interval was symptom onset to diagnosis (21 studies; N = 2,107). By sample size, diagnosis to treatment start was the most reported interval (12 studies; N = 170,463). Four studies examined symptoms onset to treatment start (total interval). The shortest was a mean of 99.5 days and the longest was a median of 217 days. There was substantial heterogeneity in the measurement of intervals, and quality of reporting. Higher-quality studies were more likely to use cancer registries, and be population-based. In four studies reporting the relationship between intervals and cancer stage or survival, there were no clear associations between longer intervals and adverse outcomes.

Discussion

Adults <50 with CRC may have intervals between symptom onset to treatment start greater than 6 months. Studies reporting intervals among younger patients are limited by inconsistent results and heterogeneous reporting. There is insufficient evidence to determine if longer intervals are associated with advanced stage or worse survival.

Other

This study’s protocol was registered with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42020179707).
Socially assistive robotics and older family caregivers of young adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD): A pilot study exploring respite, acceptance, and usefulness
Authors: Xu Ling , Fields Noelle L. , Greer Julienne A. , Tamplain Priscila M. , Bricout John C. , Sharma Bonita , Doelling Kristen L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The need for caregiver respite is well-documented for the care of persons with IDD. Social Assistive Robotics (SAR) offer promise in addressing the need for caregiver respite through ‘complementary caregiving’ activities that promote engagement and learning opportunities for a care recipient (CR) with IDD. This study explored the acceptability and usefulness of a SAR caregiver respite program responsive to feedback from both young adults with IDD and their older family caregivers (age 55+).

Method

Young adults with IDD and caregiver dyads (N = 11) were recruited. A mixed methods research design was deployed in three phases: Phase I with four focus groups to inform the program design; Phase II for program demonstration and evaluation with pre- and post-surveys; and Phase III with post-program interviews for feedback and suggestions.

Results

Both young adults with IDD and their caregivers scored favorably the social presence of, social engagement, and satisfaction with robot Pepper. Though there was no significant improvement of caregiving burden/stress as well as well-being of the young adults with IDD based on surveys, results from interviews suggested that the SAR may offer physical/emotional respite to caregivers by providing companionship/friendship as well as promoting independence, safety/monitoring, and interactive engagement with children.

Discussion

SAR has potential in providing respite for older family caregivers. Future studies need a longer program design and larger sample size to develop a promising intervention and test its feasibility and efficacy.
FluentSigners-50: A signer independent benchmark dataset for sign language processing
Authors: Mukushev Medet , Ubingazhibov Aidyn , Kydyrbekova Aigerim , Imashev Alfarabi , Kimmelman Vadim , Sandygulova Anara
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a new large-scale signer independent dataset for Kazakh-Russian Sign Language (KRSL) for the purposes of Sign Language Processing. We envision it to serve as a new benchmark dataset for performance evaluations of Continuous Sign Language Recognition (CSLR) and Translation (CSLT) tasks. The proposed FluentSigners-50 dataset consists of 173 sentences performed by 50 KRSL signers resulting in 43,250 video samples. Dataset contributors recorded videos in real-life settings on a wide variety of backgrounds using various devices such as smartphones and web cameras. Therefore, distance to the camera, camera angles and aspect ratio, video quality, and frame rates varied for each dataset contributor. Additionally, the proposed dataset contains a high degree of linguistic and inter-signer variability and thus is a better training set for recognizing a real-life sign language. FluentSigners-50 baseline is established using two state-of-the-art methods, Stochastic CSLR and TSPNet. To this end, we carefully prepared three benchmark train-test splits for models’ evaluations in terms of: signer independence, age independence, and unseen sentences. FluentSigners-50 is publicly available at https://krslproject.github.io/FluentSigners-50/
Validation of questionnaire regarding online teaching (QOT) during Covid-19 in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Rahim Najia , Nesar Shagufta , Mumtaz Tayyaba , Naeem Sadaf , Ali Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The present study involved an extra-cultural adaptation and validation of questionnaire regarding online teaching (QOT) to know faculty perception, attitude and experiences of online teaching. Cronbach’s alpha was determined for assessing internal reliability of QOT and found to be 0.886, confirmed that the scale have good reliability. Factor Analysis of the scale (Principal Component Analysis) was used to examine factor structure and then trailed by varimax rotation. The items were allocated four sub scales. A survey technique was used for the validation of QOT and the survey was conducted during September-December’ 2020 in private and public universities of Karachi to determine the pharmacy faculty’s perception and experience regarding online teaching. Approximately 35% responded that “It is very easy to prepare and deliver an online course” and 45% opined that “The universities offering Pharm.D should adopt the use of e-learning for teaching in future to complement traditional teaching”. Majority of the faculty were in favor of starting online teaching during pandemic to complete semester on time (72%). However, in-campus courses contribute more to students’ learning than online courses in pharmaceutical sciences (65.5%). The present study summarizes that academic staff did opt online teaching over one-to-one teaching in the lock down situation during Covid-19 pandemic however, they agreed not to replace traditional teaching to online teaching. Teachers recognized some difficulties and challenges during online teaching including difficulty in preparing lecture for online teaching than traditional classroom teaching, shortage of long time training sessions. Female teachers were inclined to online teaching than male and lecturers tend to prefer online teaching compared to senior teachers. Universities and administration should take imperative acts for improving online teaching for better learning during lock down or any other situation where social distancing is required.
Design and development of a self-assembling protein nanoparticle displaying PfHAP2 antigenic determinants recognized by natural acquired antibodies
Authors: Zahedi Farhad , Abouie Mehrizi Akram , Sardari Soroush , Alemzadeh Iran
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds

In order to move towards the elimination and eradication of malaria in the world, the development of vaccines is inevitable. Many modern vaccines are based on recombinant technology; however, they may not provide a fully protective, long-lasting immune response. One of the strategies to improve recombinant vaccines is designing the nanovaccines such as self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SAPNs). Hence, the presentation of epitopes in a repeat array and correct conformation should be considered. P. falciparum generative cell-specific 1 (PfGCS1) is a main transmission-blocking vaccine candidate with two highly conserved fragments, HAP2-GCS1 and cd loop, inducing partial malaria transmission inhibitory antibodies. Therefore, to design an effective malaria vaccine, we used cd loop and HAP2-GCS1 fragments at the amino and carboxy terminuses of the SAPN-forming amino acid sequence, respectively.

Methodology/Principal findings

The SAPN monomer (PfGCS1-SAPN) sequence was designed, and the three-dimensional (3D) structure was predicted. The result of this prediction ensured the presence of antigens on the SAPN surface. Then the accuracy of the predicted 3D structure and its stability were confirmed by 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The designed SAPN substructure sequence was synthesized, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli. With a gradual decrease in urea concentration in dialysis solutions, the purified proteins progressed to the final desired structure of the SAPN, which then was confirmed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) tests. According to the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), antigenic determinants were presented on the SAPN surface and interacted with antibodies in the serum of malaria patients.

Conclusions/Significance

Our results show that the SAPN formed by PfGCS1-SAPN has produced the correct shape and size, and the antigenic determinants are presented on the surface of the SAPN, which indicates that the designed SAPN has great potential to be used in the future as a malaria vaccine.
Effects of a body manipulation of Japanese martial arts on interpersonal correlation of postural sway
Authors: Watanabe Yuya , Sakaguchi Yutaka
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to investigate the nature of a specific body manipulation named Suichoku-Ririku (SR) in Japanese martial arts. SR is regarded as a method to change the way of stance and to distort the balance control of the opponent, but its nature and mechanism are unknown. In the present study, we attempted to determine the effect of SR in the cases that a person stood alone (Expt. 1) and that two persons stood in contact (Expt. 2). We compared several center of pressure (COP) measures between the normal stance and SR stance conditions. When participants stood independently (Expt. 1), the COP path length, standard deviation of COP velocity and permutation entropy of the COP increased with the SR stance, which suggested that the SR maneuver destabilized a quiet stance. When two participants stood (with normal stance) in contact by wrist-holding or by a light touch (Expt. 2), their COP motions were correlated with each other, as previously reported. When one of the participants took the SR maneuver, their correlation and mutual information were maintained, denying the view that SR would diminish the interpersonal correlation of body sway. On the other hand, a fluctuation in the COP increased only for the participant taking the SR maneuver, and not for the other participant. This asymmetric effect of the SR maneuver between two participants, irrespective of maintained mutual correlation, suggest that the relationship between balance controls of two participants was partly disrupted. We discuss possible mechanisms for the present results.
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) based COVID-19 health impact assessment: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Gebeyehu Daniel Teshome , East Leah , Wark Stuart , Islam Md Shahidul
Published: September 2022

Background

COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease that emerged in 2019. This disease is causing devastating health, socio-economic, and economic crises. More specifically COVID-19 is affecting both the quality and length of human life. The overall health impact of this disease is measured by the disability-adjusted life years which is the sum of the life years lost due to disability (the effect on the health quality) and the years life lost due to premature death (effect on the length of life). The purpose of this review is to summarise DALYs-based health impact publications and produce compiled and informative literature that can aid the health regulators to make evidence-based decisions on mitigating COVID-19.

Methods

The review will be conducted using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The DALYs-based original observational and cross-sectional studies will be collected for assessing the health impact of COVID-19. Both the life quality and length impacts of COVID-19 will be reviewed. The life quality impact of COVID-19 will be measured using the life years lost due to disability (pre-recovery illness, pre-death illness, and post-acute consequences), and its impact on the length of life will be measured with years of life lost due to premature death (shortening of life expectancy). The combined health impact of COVID-19 on the quality and length of life will be measured in disability-adjusted life years.

Discussion

The impacts of COVID-19 on the two health outcomes (quality and length of life) will indicate the level of COVID-19 health burden. The increase or decrease of COVID-19 health impact might be due to the sample size differences of different studies and the omission of years lost due to post-acute consequences in some studies. After having a summarized systematic review health decision-makers will apply an impact-based response to COVID-19.

Trail registration

Systematic review registration: This protocol is pre-registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42022324931.
Factors affecting local plant knowledge in isolated communities from Patagonian steppe: Metacommunity theory is revealed as a methodological approach
Authors: Santoro Flávia Rosa , Richeri Marina , Ladio Ana Haydée
Published: September 2022

The Patagonian steppe is a refuge for several indigenous peoples who live in relatively isolated communities, depending heavily on natural resources for their activities, health, and food security. The local ecological knowledge is a reservoir that generates full wellbeing and for which it must be the object of protection and local development. In this study, we aimed to find which factors can influence local ecological knowledge from a metacommunity on the Patagonian steppe. We analyzed variation in knowledge about cultivated and gathered plants used as medicinal, edible, and firewood according to multiple factors widely discussed in the ethnobiological literature: age, gender, formal education, occupation, indigenous identity, contact with urban centers, use of biomedicine, hunting, and handcrafted textile production. We conducted semi-structured interviews with local experts, accessed by the snowball technique. We found that formal education is a key factor in the variation of local ecological knowledge among people. In addition, we found that knowledge varies between people who practice activities inside and outside the home, concentrating knowledge between cultivated and gathered plants, respectively. Our urbanization proxies did not point to an influence of this factor on local knowledge, but specialists living in a larger community with signs of internal urbanization processes had much less knowledge. Our results allowed us to visualize the importance of studying metacommunities as a whole, to verify complexities and intersections of overlapping factors. Studies in metacommunities open up a range of possibilities for ethnobiological analysis.
Time to doubling of serum creatinine in patients with diabetes in Ethiopian University Hospital: Retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Netere Adeladlew Kassie , Sendekie Ashenafi Kibret
Published: September 2022

Background

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the long-term microvascular complications of diabetes. Doubling of serum creatinine is an important biomarker and predictor of diabetic kidney disease for patients with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the time in which the serum creatinine level is doubled measured from the baseline in patients with diabetes in Ethiopian University Hospital.

Methods

Analysis of the patients with diabetes medical records was employed retrospectively for five years from 2016 to 2020 in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The Kaplan-Meier procedure was used to predict the time to which the serum creatinine level was doubled measured from the baseline value, while the Log-rank test and cox-proportional hazard regression models were employed to show significant serum creatinine (SCr) changes against the predictor variables.

Results

Among the total of 387 patients with diabetes, 54.5% were females with a mean age of 61.1±10.3 years. After 5-years of retrospective follow-up, 10.3% of patients with diabetes had doubled their serum creatinine level computed from the baseline values. The baseline and last SCr levels (measured in mg/dL) were 0.87 (±0.23) and 1.0(±0.37), respectively. This resulted in a mean SCr difference of 0.12±0.38 mg/dL. The SCr score was continuously increasing uninterruptedly for five years and measured as 0.94, 0.95, 0.94, 1 and 1.03 mg/dL, respectively. The average survival time taken for the serum creatinine to be doubled computed from baseline was 55.4 months (4.6 years). Patients treated with greater than or equal to 30 IU NPH were found 3.3 times more likely to have higher risks of doubling the serum creatinine level (DSC); with HR of 3.29 [(95%CI); 1.28–8.44: P = 0.013].

Conclusion

Compared with the baseline level, a significant proportion of patients with diabetes were found to have doubling of serum creatinine DSC within less than five years around four and half years. A continuous increasing in the SCr level was noted when measured from the baseline scores. Therefore, to preserve the renal function of patients with diabetes, close SCr level monitoring and regular follow-up would be recommended in combined with effective therapeutic interventions.
The perceived value of human-AI collaboration in early shape exploration: An exploratory assessment
Authors: Arias-Rosales Andrés
Published: September 2022

As a vital element of early shape exploration, divergence can be time-consuming and challenging, with iterative cycles where idea fixation and creative blocks must be overcome for fuzzy ideas to be fully expanded and understood. Despite interesting tools that have been developed for this purpose, some important challenges remain, as it appears that many designers still prefer simple freehand sketching and tend to defer the use of computational tools to later stages. This work presents an exploratory assessment of the perceived value of a new tool, Shapi, developed to assist early shape exploration by addressing some of the pitfalls reported in the literature. Shapi is envisioned as an autonomous assistant that provides local and global shape variations in the form of rough sketches based on an initial human sketch and interactive cycles. These shape variations are What-If scenarios and cognitive facilitators that may spark new ideas or enable a deeper understanding of the shape and the identification of interesting patterns. Shapi’s capabilities are explored in a diverse set of case studies with different purposes: nine implementations in industrial design, three in graphic design, and five with open-ended artistic purposes. These implementations are then used in a survey about initial perceived value in which the majority gave high ratings in terms of exploration (75.5% ≥ 4 out of 5), interpretation (83.7% ≥ 4), adaptation (77.6% ≥ 4), value (73.5% ≥ 4), creativity (69.4% ≥ 4), and general interest in the tool (79.6% ≥ 4). This work brings insight into promising functionalities, opportunities, and risks in the intersection between artificial intelligence, design, and art.
A novel framework for discovery and reuse of typical process route driven by symbolic entropy and intelligent optimisation algorithm
Authors: Li Chunlei
Published: September 2022

Manufacturing enterprises accumulate numerous manufacturing instances as they run and develop. Being able to excavate and apply the instance resources reasonably is one of the most effective approaches to improve manufacturing and support innovation. A novel framework for the discovery and reuse of typical process routes driven by symbolic entropy and intelligent optimisation algorithm so as to scientifically determine reuse objects and raise the reuse flexibility is proposed in this paper. A similarity measurement method of machining process routes based on symbolic entropy is developed in this framework. Subsequently, a typical process route discovery method based on the ant colony clustering model and similarity measurement is devised, and two reuse approaches based on the typical process route are analysed. Finally, three case studies are rendered. These case studies cover the aspects of similarity analysis, mining, and reuse of manufacturing instances, which systematically explains the whole procedure of discovery and reuse based on typical process route. The case studies show that (i) the similarity measurement method based on symbolic entropy can accurately evaluate the similarity among ten machining process routes, (ii) ant colony clustering model can realize adaptive clustering for these ten process routes, and (iii) indirect reuse approach for the typical process route can support the generation of new machining plan effectively. This reveal that the proposed framework comprehensively considers various aspects of retrieval and reuse of manufacturing instances, which can effectively support process instance reuse. Can better support process instance reuse.
Novel viral splicing events and open reading frames revealed by long-read direct RNA sequencing of adenovirus transcripts
Authors: Price Alexander M. , Steinbock Robert T. , Lauman Richard , Charman Matthew , Hayer Katharina E. , Kumar Namrata , Halko Edwin , Lum Krystal K. , Wei Monica , Wilson Angus C. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Depledge Daniel P. , Weitzman Matthew D.
Published: September 2022

Adenovirus is a common human pathogen that relies on host cell processes for transcription and processing of viral RNA and protein production. Although adenoviral promoters, splice junctions, and polyadenylation sites have been characterized using low-throughput biochemical techniques or short read cDNA-based sequencing, these technologies do not fully capture the complexity of the adenoviral transcriptome. By combining Illumina short-read and nanopore long-read direct RNA sequencing approaches, we mapped transcription start sites and RNA cleavage and polyadenylation sites across the adenovirus genome. In addition to confirming the known canonical viral early and late RNA cassettes, our analysis of splice junctions within long RNA reads revealed an additional 35 novel viral transcripts that meet stringent criteria for expression. These RNAs include fourteen new splice junctions which lead to expression of canonical open reading frames (ORFs), six novel ORF-containing transcripts, and 15 transcripts encoding for messages that could alter protein functions through truncation or fusion of canonical ORFs. In addition, we detect RNAs that bypass canonical cleavage sites and generate potential chimeric proteins by linking distinct gene transcription units. Among these chimeric proteins we detected an evolutionarily conserved protein containing the N-terminus of E4orf6 fused to the downstream DBP/E2A ORF. Loss of this novel protein, E4orf6/DBP, was associated with aberrant viral replication center morphology and poor viral spread. Our work highlights how long-read sequencing technologies combined with mass spectrometry can reveal further complexity within viral transcriptomes and resulting proteomes.
construção de um banco de dados lexicográfico em XML a partir de dados dialetais
Authors: Santos Junior Jorge Luiz Nunes dos , Isquerdo Aparecida Negri
Published: September 2022

Este artigo situa-se na interface entre a Lexicografia (PORTO DAPENA, 2002; HARTMANN, 2016), a Dialetologia (CARDOSO, 2010; CHAMBERS; THUDGILL, 1994) e a Linguística Computacional (HABERT, 2004; PÉREZ HERNÁNDEZ; MORENO ORTIZ, 2009; HAUSSER, 2014; KURDI, 2016). Objetiva-se discutir a proposta de construção de um banco de dados em XML (Extensible Markup Language), explorando os resultados obtidos com o PLN (Processamento Automático de Linguagem Natural).  O arquivo XML também se fundamenta em parâmetros da Lexicografia Dialetal (EZQUERRA, 1997; NAVARRO CARRASCO, 1993) e está sendo alimentado com dados dialetais oriundos do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB) documentados na região Norte do país. Para tanto, utilizou-se como editor de texto o software jEdit e, para gerenciar o banco de dados, o programa BaseX. A extração das informações linguísticas foi realizada, no BaseX, a partir de uma amostra de dados e com o auxílio de expressões X-Query. Assim, foram executadas as seguintes manipulações de dados: i) localização de uma unidade lexical específica; ii) visualização de qualquer dado da microestrutura filtrada pelas variáveis sexo, idade, escolaridade e localidade; iii) seleção de informações a partir de uma das 14 áreas semânticas em que as questões do questionário semântico-lexical do ALiB foram organizadas. Em síntese, entende-se que a construção do banco de dados em XML confere agilidade em relação à extração de informações e compatibilidade dos dados para executar interfaces com outras aplicações como, por exemplo, a elaboração de um produto lexicográfico a ser publicado em suporte on-line.
Reflexões metodológicas sobre datasets e linguística de corpus
Authors: Ferrari Lúcia de Almeida , Cunha Evandro Landulfo Teixeira Paradela
Published: September 2022

Ferramentas e métodos computacionais são, cada vez mais, importantes aliados para a realização de pesquisas no âmbito das humanidades. Em particular, o uso dessas ferramentas é relevante para a análise linguística diacrônica. Neste estudo, é apresentada uma discussão sobre o uso de corpora e datasets na linguística, destacando algumas potencialidades e limitações desses recursos. Para ilustrar as possibilidades de uso de um dataset para pesquisa linguística, apresenta-se, também, uma análise preliminar da Base de Normas Jurídicas Brasileiras.
Manual de anotação como recurso de Processamento de Linguagem Natural
Authors: Duran Magali , Nunes Maria das Graças Volpe , Lopes Lucelene , Pardo Thiago Alexandre Salgueiro
Published: September 2022

Com o avanço da área de Processamento de Linguagem Natural (PLN), corpora são recursos que têm tido um lugar de destaque. Mais do que subsidiar estudos linguísticos, eles constituem as bases para o treinamento de modelos de Aprendizagem de Máquina e para o desenvolvimento de aplicações computacionais de ponta. Particularmente, há grande necessidade de corpora anotados, porém sua geração requer outro recurso essencial, o manual de anotação, que instancia o modelo de anotação de interesse para a língua em questão e delineia as decisões de anotação que devem ser adotadas. Neste artigo, exploramos questões relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de manuais para a anotação de corpus em português brasileiro segundo o modelo internacional Universal Dependencies, amplamente adotado na área. Partimos da discussão da evolução do PLN e o uso de corpora, passamos pelas questões, recursos e ferramentas fundamentais relacionados à representação sintática, discutimos o modelo Universal Dependencies e apresentamos as principais decisões tomadas na instanciação de suas diretrizes no português brasileiro. Por questões práticas e de didática, dividimos o manual em duas partes: o Manual de Anotação de PoS tags (anotação morfossintática) e o Manual de Anotação Relações de Dependência. Ambos foram resultado do processo relatado neste artigo e estão disponíveis para livre acesso no site do projeto POeTiSA na Web.
fenômeno do desfocamento do agente
Authors: Rodrigues Gomide Andressa , Simioni Taíse , Rodrigues Pereira Aden
Published: September 2022

Embora em expansão, a pesquisa linguística empírica da língua portuguesa ainda está longe de alcançar todo o seu potencial. Acreditamos que isso possa se dever, em parte, pelo desconhecimento de alguns investigadores de recursos já disponíveis gratuitamente. Neste artigo, apresentamos algumas ferramentas da Linguística de Corpus e um corpus de escrita acadêmica em português (CoPEP), e como eles podem ser utilizados para explorar o fenômeno do desfocamento do agente em artigos acadêmicos publicados no Brasil e em Portugal. Para isso, utilizamos recursos já existentes para anotar e disponibilizar de forma gratuita e online o CoPEP, um corpus de extrema utilidade para investigações linguísticas acerca do português acadêmico.
Bases lexicais verbais do português brasileiro
Authors: Rodrigues Roana , Lemos-Couto Marcella , Leme Coelho Francimeire , Souza de Miranda Junior Isaac , Vale Oto
Published: September 2022

Este artigo apresenta o levantamento e a análise de bases lexicais verbais do português brasileiro (PB), que podem ser utilizadas em tarefas de Processamento de Língua Natural (PLN). Para tanto, considerou-se para análise apenas bases de dados com extensão superior a 1.000 lexemas verbais, disponíveis de maneira on-line e gratuita e atualizadas nos últimos 10 anos. Sendo assim, o estudo recaiu sob a análise crítica e comparada de três bases lexicais: VerbNet.Br (SCARTON, 2013), Verbo-Brasil (DURAN; ALUÍSIO, 2015) e VerboWeb (CANÇADO et al., 2018), destacando-se seus pontos comuns e divergentes. Acredita-se que esta pesquisa contribui com a atualização do estado da arte, no que se refere às bases lexicais verbais do PB da última década, além de elencar ações investigativas futuras para criação, revisão e/ou ampliação de recursos descritivos linguísticos do PB.
Efecto de un programa de entrenamiento para mejorar el consumo máximo de oxígeno de futbolistas de un equipo de la primera división del fútbol de Costa Rica
Authors: Rivas-Borbón Óscar Milton
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To determine the effect of an aerobic training program of aerobic power on Costa Rican professional soccer players. Subjects: 24 male subjects, with a mean age of 25.7 ± 3, 4 years. Instruments: The Yo-Yo test was used in the intermittent recovery version to assess possible changes in the aerobic power of the players. Procedure: for the preseason tournament for winter 2012 and summer 2013, a pre-test was applied to assess the current state their subsequently, they were put on a seven-week aerobic program. Finally, the post-test was applied to assess the effect of the training program. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were applied as well as the non-parametric techniques of the Wilcoxon and Friedman test and t-student for repeated measures using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (17 version), the significance level used was p ≤ 0.05. Results: A statistically significant improvement of the players’ maximum oxygen consumption was recorded. Conclusion: The proposed program improved the soccer players’ maximum oxygen consumption power of the players.
Programa Desarrollo integral de la zona rural del Golfo de Nicoya: Logros y experiencias
Authors: Pacheco-Urpí Oscar , Ulate-Garita Grethel
Published: September 2022

The objective of this paper is to show the achievements and experiences developed in the Program, through the management, to diversify the production and generation of employment, the management of natural resources and education, and training for a culture of change. In the viewed, the problem as the lack of a vision to allow a comprehensive resolution of the problems. To do this, it has been applying the methodology implemented in rural development projects with influence of the Leader method +, with joint actions, continuous and planned with the organizations. The work carried out has led the entire organizational base, for example, on the island of Chira, has enabled foster the basis for the development of oyster farming in the Gulf of Nicoya, there has been a significant management for the implementation of good practices for the use of natural resources through supporting the development and strengthening of the organizations related to the areas of responsible fishing and the integral management systems of waste. It has also been the role that it has complied with the Program of the Gulf in the management and routing of the trainings for the strengthening of the organizations served and for the learning of the inhabitants of the coastal communities of the Gulf.
Biological Corridors as Enhancers of Local Development: Case Study of Biological Corridor Alexander Skutch
Authors: Arauz-Beita Ileana , Arias-Navarro Adrián
Published: September 2022

When we relate to Protected Green Belts they involve a delimited territory, usually privately owned and whose purpose is to provide connectivity between landscapes, ecosystems and habitats – natural or modified – to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity and the ecological and evolutionary processes. For the last two years and within the outreach programs scenario at Brunca Regional Head Office, Perez Zeledon Campus, we have been working at Alexander Skutch Green Belt. This work has been done through FUNDER (University Funds for Regional Development), focused on the objective of strengthen the efforts the communities that belong to this specific belt do to help in the sustainability of the environment, natural and cultural resources. Because the concept of Green Belt was not well positioned or understood by the communities, they had not a real identification with the meaning of a Protected Green Belt.  To develop the research process we started diagnosing each one of the seven communities located on Alexander Skutch Green Belt. The instrument included documentary and bibliographical research, field trips, and open forums to get acquainted with these communities’ economic, social and cultural characteristics and with the leaders of the communities. The most important results gathered during the research at A. S Green Belt, are the identification of the environmental problems in each one of the communities, the local initiatives on protection, get close to the Green Belt Counsel and give support to its members. On the other hand, we showed the people of the communities other significant efforts from communities around the country thus our participation in different activities as festivals, forums and activities in the Green Belt.
Sociometría y teatro espontáneo como metodologías para la transformación y el encuentro: Jóvenes costarricenses en contextos de violencia
Authors: Páez-Brealey Diego León , Alfaro-Orozco Esteban Gerardo , Rodríguez-Víquez Francisco
Published: September 2022

he purpose of this study is to show the theater of spontaneity (T.E.) and other innovative techniques for group and community action, as tools for research and social impact in different contexts. The text will deepen into the experiences of the T.E. company “UNA Compañía de Teatro Espontáneo”, working in a Becas Taller project from the Costa Rican Ministry of Culture and Youth called: “Ditsú: Jóvenes costarricenses como agentes de transformación social en contextos de violencia, una propuesta desde el teatro espontáneo” (Ditsú: Costa Rican Youth as agents of social transformation in contexts of violence, a proposal from the theater of spontaneity), a work developed in five high schools in communities with low human development index. The T.E. is a form of improvisational theater with theoretical and methodological foundations of sociometry and psychodrama, which uses aesthetic resources of the performing arts, dance and music. Unlike the classical theater proposal, the T.E. group does not perform with pre-written and practiced scripts, but the stories in scene will be told by the people who attend the presentation, who will have the chance to see them represented by a group of actors and actresses trained, along with a musician and a director or conductor. “UNA Compañía de Teatro Espontáneo” is an interdisciplinary group born at the National University of Costa Rica, with students of Psychology, Performing arts, International Relations, Philosophy and Sociology, and seeks to involve people as actors in their own processes of transformation.
Defects and grading after kiln drying hardwood lumber sawn from small-diameter logs
Authors: Wiedenbeck Jan K. , Scholl Matthew S. , Blankenhorn Paul R. , Ray Chuck D.
Published: September 2022

Close inspection of black cherry (Prunus serotina), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra) lumber, before and after kiln drying, revealed the factors that can affect the quality of kiln-dried lumber from small-diameter logs. Species-specific kiln drying schedules, with temperature and humidity modifications formulated by a kiln drying expert, were employed in this study to determine whether alternate drying protocols could improve the drying outcomes. Comparing lumber grades of individual boards before and after drying indicated that overall grade loss in the kiln was common but was affected by both species and the applied drying schedule. Most lumber defects were attributed to stresses that occurred during the drying process and were more prevalent in the post-drying inspection, with bow defects being the exception. The modified kiln schedules improved the drying defect outcomes for the black cherry and red oak compared with the conventional schedules for these species. For the sugar maple, the schedule-based improvement was less consistent. For the black cherry and red oak, the percentage of boards whose grade decreased using conventional kiln protocols was approximately 10% lower than that of the lumber that was dried using the modified kiln protocols. Sugar maple had a smaller change of 7%.
Leo Tolstoy in the Dialectic of B. P. Vysheslavtsev
Authors: Grishina Elena
Published: September 2022

The author tries to reconstruct the philosophical dialogue between B. P. Vysheslavtsev and L. N. Tolstoy. Since the beliefs of these thinkers on philosophical, legal, religious and socio-economic issues are at first glance opposite, the article examines both their differences and their similarities. The author examines the texts in which Tolstoy is mentioned, analyzes the context and identifies a number of ideas that could help in studying the worldview of both philosophers and the problems they raise. At first glance, Vysheslavtsev's Tolstoy themes are collected in the field of philosophy of law, but a deeper discussion allows us to see that these themes have religious motives. The significance of the figure of P. I. Novgorodtsev in the formation of Vysheslavtsev as a dialectic. The philosopher draws a monumental image of Tolstoy, at the same time noting the naivety of his decisions and trying to comprehend the objective reasons for his rebellion. In this regard, the reasons for the uprising of Vysheslavtsev himself, who actively opposed all kinds of totalitarianism and violent social actions, become more understandable and justified. In his opinion, power can only be justified by a transition to a completely different existential state, that is, into a state of relative anarchy. Such a state of socio-political structures is "law" and "democracy" (a phenomenon opposite to "dictatorship"). Vysheslavtsev reflects on the antinomy of the absolute and the relative and comes to the conclusion, that the absolute can only be realized in relative forms in the relative. However, the absolute is not only an idea that drives a person on the path of self-improvement and social development, but also the Highest element of human nature, on the basis of which, according to the Christian promise, the divine dispensation of life is formed. The realization of the idea of personal morality requires a properly organized state. Such a state, in his opinion, is quite possible. However, analyzing the complexity of Moderna, summing up the results of the last period of the development of industrial culture (the 50s of the XX century), the philosopher declares a very disappointing result, which, however, does not deprive him of optimism about the ways to find new constructive solutions.
Building Literacy in Reading Foreign Language Books for Arabic Education Students
Authors: Ilmiani Aulia Mustika , Miolo Mukhtar I , Hunainah Hunainah , Maghfurin Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Arabic Language Education study program students at IAIN Palangka Raya are prospective Arabic teachers who are prepared to have foreign language competence, but students still experience difficulties for various reasons. It makes all PBA Education study program lecturers simultaneously implement several activities in selected subjects to build literacy in reading books in foreign languages, both Arabic and English. This research aims to describe the process carried out by lecturers in building reading literacy of foreign language books, either Arabic or English, on PBA students in IAIN Palangka Raya. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. Data was collected from the interview, observation, and documentation, then further analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and verification, and validated with the triangulation method. The initial result of this research indicated that the lecturers do various activities to build students’ reading literacy, those are: introducing reading references in Arabic and English language, explaining the advantages of reading these references to the students, giving insight into reading steps, assigning students to review the references, and assisting students in composing and publishing scientific papers. This research suggests writing literacy for students and further research on different subjects and locations.