bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Membrane Processes for Nitrate (NO3-) Removal
Authors: Arar Özgür , Mehenktaş Cesur
Published: September 2022

Background:

The primary sources of nitrate contamination in groundwater resources are excessive fertilizer use and unregulated land discharges of treated wastewater. Due to its harmful nature to human health and its contribution to eutrophication, the removal of nitrate from water has been of great interest in the last decades. Various techniques, such as adsorption, ion exchange, catalytic and biological denitrification, and membrane processes, have been applied for NO3 - removal.

Objective:

In this review study, the removal of NO3 - by membrane processes, including electrodialysis (ED), electrodeionization (EDI), reverse osmosis (RO), and ultrafiltration, has been reviewed.

Method:

The pressure-driven membrane and electro-membrane processes applications to NO3 - removal have been reviewed.

Results:

The effects of process parameters, interferences, and limitations of membrane processes have been summarized.

Conclusion:

Membrane processes could be a promising alternative for NO3 - removal. After suitable membrane preparation/modification, the nitrate removal rate could reach >99%.
Newly Appearing Hepatic Lesion After Curative Surgery For Colorectal
Cancer: Single-phase CT Findings Implying Metastasis
Authors: Kim Dong Kyu , Jung Jae Hyeop , Kim Jin Kyem , Kim Taeho
Published: September 2022

Background:

In patients treated with curative surgery for colorectal cancer, the single-phase (portal phase) abdomen-pelvic computed tomography (CT) follow-up is routinely performed to detect any recurrent lesions.

Objective:

To evaluate CT features implying metastasis in newly appearing hepatic lesions on single-phase CT after colorectal cancer surgery.

Method:

Of 1,227 patients who underwent curative colorectal surgery between 2011 and 2014, 267 patients with new hepatic lesions on follow-up single-phase CT (metastasis, n=192; benign, n=75) were included. The CT features of the hepatic lesions were analyzed by two radiologists, retrospectively, and clinical information including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level was also reviewed. The risk factors for hepatic metastasis were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

In this study, independent CT features associated with metastasis were spherical shape (p < 0.001), circumscribed margin (p = 0.021), heterogeneous attenuation (p = 0.024) and bulging appearance (p = 0.007). Among the clinical factors, increased CEA level (p = 0.013), higher preoperative stage (p = 0.014) and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.003) were associated with metastasis. However, on multivariable analysis, spherical shape was the only significant predictive factor for hepatic metastasis. The diagnostic performance of ‘spherical shape’ for detection of hepatic metastasis showed accuracy of 84.6%, sensitivity of 83.9%, and specificity of 86.7%.

Conclusion:

Specific single-phase CT features could be useful in distinguishing hepatic metastasis from benign, resulting in continuing routine CT follow-up without liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when metastasis is unlikely.
Multitargeting Strategy Using Tetrathiomolybdate and Lenvatinib: Maximizing Antiangiogenesis
Activity in a Preclinical Liver Cancer Model
Authors: Nan Li , Yonghui Huang , Yuan Wan , Guodong Chen
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The study aims to investigate the suppressing tumor-promoting effects via multi-anti-angiogenesis
activity of the copper chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, TM) combined with lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods:

A total of 55 C57 mice were injected subcutaneously with Hepa1-6 hepatoma cell suspensions into the right
posterior thigh. After 7 days, the subcutaneous tumors were formed, and the mice were randomly divided into five
groups: TM (G1), Lenvatinib (G2), TM+Lenvatinib (G3), Control (G4), and Copper (II) Gluconate (G5). The copper
concentrations in serum and tumors were measured at the predetermined time points. After 14 days of treatments,
tumor weight and volumes were analyzed, histology was observed, and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry.

Results:

The median concentration of copper in serum was 401.70, 469.40, and 665.35 μg/L in normal mice, in mice 7
days after implantation, and in the control group, respectively. The intratumoral copper concentrations were higher in
G4 mice than in mice 7 days after implantation (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of copper was higher in G5 than
all the other groups (P < 0.05; (G1, G2, and G3) vs. G4, P < 0.05; G1 vs. G2, P = 0.013; G2 vs. G3, P = 0.018; G1 vs.
G3, P = 0.903. The intratumoral copper concentrations were 608.40, 980.00, 539.31, and 2938.90 μg/L in G1, G2, G3,
and G5, respectively. The average tumor weight was 0.55, 0.44, 0.08, 1.37, and 3.11 in G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5, respectively.
G5 vs. other groups, P < 0.05; (G1, G2, and G3) vs. G4, P < 0.05; G1 vs. G3, P < 0.05; G2 vs. G3, P < 0.05;
G1 vs. G2, P > 0.05. Furthermore, the expression levels of VEGF were significantly lower in G1, G2, and G3 than in
G4 and G5 (P < 0.05). A similar trend was observed for MVD in the five groups, but no significant difference was
detected in G1 and G2.

Conclusion:

The study showed a significant positive correlation between tumor load and copper. Copper promotes
tumor progression, but copper chelating suppresses tumor growth. The combination of TM with lenvatinib reduces
tumor angiogenesis and improves the effect of antitumor treatment. These findings underlie the clinical application of
combination therapy.
Leprosy Reactions: Clinical Pharmacologist Perspective with Repurposed
Medications
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Balan Aravind Kumar , Velmurugan Hemasri , Venkatesan Sajitha , Yella Sree Sudha Tanguturi
Published: September 2022

The elimination of leprosy has been possible with the available anti-leprotic drugs. However,
the lepra reactions usually occur months or years after multi-drug therapy completion, and continue
to be a formidable challenge mainly owing to its role in causing nerve damage and disability. Corticosteroids
are commonly used but they lead to systemic complications, and hence require dose reduction
and adjunct therapy with a different target. Various drugs with different targets have been identified
and are in practice to treat lepra reactions. The newer targets can include genetic and tissue targets in
the skin and nerve. Thalidomide treatment reducing pentraxin-3, toll-like receptor antagonists, minocycline,
apremilast, immunomodulators, and tenidap can be helpful in lepra reaction. Other modalities
to manage lepra reactions include plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulins, and immunotherapy.
Most of these treatments are based only on the pathological process of the reaction and tend to be
incomplete leading to recurrence. Newer multimodal approaches are required based on various biomarkers
(genetic, tissue, serological), which can be monitored to prevent the recurrence of reactions.
Hence, there is a need for newer targets and drugs to be identified for the management of lepra reactions.
Potential Uses of Plant and Marine Derived Bioactive Compounds for Cancer Theragnostic
Authors: Jain Neha , Kumar Sharma Mukesh , Matsumoto Yoshihisa , Kaushik Pallavi
Published: September 2022

The evolution of novel strategies for application in all facets of cancer
theragnostic has shown great progress in the past several decades. Bioactive
compounds collected from plants and marine natural provenances have now been
accredited as the crucial stepping stone to endow with fortification approach against
several relentless ailments counting cancer. As per sundry investigations reports, the
naturally occurring bioactive compounds possess an unprecedented molecular diversity
with the potential to modulate several metabolic processes with high priority objectives
such as low toxicity, targeting multiple drug resistance and heterogeneity of the tumor
cells. These attributes with bioactive compounds can provide safe and high quality of
healthy life achievable with easily available low-cost alternatives and nominal or no
side effects. In topical quondam, numerous potent phytochemicals and marine
molecules have been isolated, exemplified, identified, and are under disparate phases of
clinical trials for human welfare. In this context, the chapter addresses recently
discovered plant and marine originated natural compounds for cancer therapeutics
concerning with more targeted and innoxious approach with future outlook. Moreover,
an attempt to consolidate data on various bioactive compounds has been made which
herald to aid in unrelenting research into potential use either solely or in combination
with other widely employed therapies.
Bioactive Compounds in Alternative Therapeutics against COVID-19
Authors: Jain Prachi , Kumar Sharma Mukesh , Liu Sicheng , Sharma Rajani , Kaushik Pallavi
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a very difficult time for the whole
world with utmost challenge and responsibility on the public health sector to provide
symptomatic relief and timely treatment. This condition has stimulated immediate
research on the mode of transmission and pathogenesis of the viral variants. As the
composition of SARS CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV by more than 50%, therefore the
management of COVID-19 can possibly be done by repurposing the existing drugs
used to treat SARS-CoV infection. The management of SARS CoV-2 infection can be
performed at the level of control, prophylaxis and treatment. Many bioactive
compounds isolated from medicinal plants have been studied for efficacy in controlling
COVID-19 infection by either repression of viral host cell adjunction and subsequent
penetration or by repression of viral genomic replication. The bioactive compounds
target specific viral or host cell molecules in order to control the spread of virus.
Another prominent approach is the development of plant-based vaccines to control the
COVID-19 infection and associated complications. The literature also provides
evidence of some phytonutrients present in the food supplements which are responsible
for increasing the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-stimulatory and anti-viral
activities in the host cells.
For the purpose of COVID prophylaxis and treatment, these phytonutrients can be
administered in appropriate functional doses. The chapter is a compilation of research
on SARS CoV-2 with its life cycle, pathogenesis, currently used drugs for treatment,
including the synthetic ones and the medical herbs and the specific bioactive
compounds found efficacious against COVID-19.
Utilization of Tea Polyphenols Against Pesticide Induced Toxicity: International and National Scenario
Authors: K. Sarma Devojit , Kumar Manoj , Shubham Swasti , Samartha Meenakshi , Chowdhury Pritom , M. Samarth Ravindra
Published: September 2022

Exposure to pesticides has become a major toxic threat to human and non-target species in India due to the extensive use of chemical-based pesticides in
agriculture and for public health purposes. Pesticide induced DNA damage is caused by
exposure to certain carcinogenic pesticides through DNA adduct formation and
generating altered cells, and subsequently leading to health hazards including cancer.
Bio-pesticides are available to prevent the menace of pesticides on human health, such
as integrated pest management, use of personal protective measures, or use of non.chemical. Being an agrarian country and its sole dependency on agriculture sectors for
most rural employment, India continues to expect its dependency on chemical
pesticides, as evident from the high annual demand for pesticides. Therefore, there is
an urgent need for an effective approach to reduce the harmful impacts of unavoidable
human encounters with toxic pesticides. In this endeavor, preventive measures in the
form of functional foods and dietary antioxidants could be employed as one of the
complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches to counteract against the ill
effects of pesticides in humans. In the past, tea polyphenols have demonstrated an
excellent ability to reduce toxicant-induced cellular damage, and DNA damage through
mutations, apoptosis, and cancer. In the present review, we have summarized the
research carried out on the use of tea polyphenols to counter pesticide toxicity so far
and discussed it further from the viewpoint of International and national importance.
Immunomodulatory Potential of Bioactives from Selected Ayurvedic Plants
Authors: G. Nair Parvathy , Kumar Dixit Amit , Dixit Deepti
Published: September 2022

The history of usage of herbal medicine is as old as human civilization.
Plant-based drugs have been an invaluable and incredible source for several medical
treatments in the traditional system of medicine. With technological advances, it has
become possible to get a clear understanding of active compounds behind the
therapeutic effectiveness of these drugs. Plant-derived immunomodulators are one such
class of compounds, considered safe alternatives than synthetic immunomodulators
which cause serious side effects. These agents can increase the body’s immune
responsiveness against pathogens by activating both the innate and adaptive immune
systems. Phyto drugs have gained more interest due to their multi-pharmacological
potential of being antioxidant, adaptogen, etc. along with immunomodulator. The
current book chapter focuses on a few extensively scrutinized immunomodulatory
phytocompounds from medicinal plants such as Tinospora cordifolia, Andrographis
paniculata, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Terminalia chebula,
and Piper longum. Phytomedicines from these plants have displayed significant
immunomodulatory potential in a variety of experimental (in vitro and in vivo) models,
few compounds have exhibited good therapeutic potential in clinical trials also.
Kelayakan Usaha Produksi Selada Romaine dengan Sistem Smart Watering di Greenhouse FTIP Universitas Padjadjaran
Authors:   Universitas Padjajaran, Khoiris Daffa , Thoriq Ahmad ,   Universitas Padjajaran
Published: September 2022

Analisis kelayakan ekonomi usaha agribisnis merupakan sebuah upaya untuk mengetahui tingkat kelayakan dari suatu jenis usaha untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha budidaya selada romaine secara hidroponik dengan smart watering. Analisis kelayakan dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter Net B/C (Net Benefit Cost ratio), NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), dan Payback Period. Hidroponik merupakan teknik budidaya tanaman tanpa menggunakan tanah sebagai media tanamnya. Smart watering merupakan alat pengatur aliran fertigasi pada sistem hidroponik dengan menerapkan self-watering system dengan memanfaatkan penerapan gaya gravitasi, prinsip archimedes, dan kapilaritas sebagai energi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Greenhouse Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran pada September sampai November 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan software Microsoft Excel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan dengan discount factor 7% menghasilkan NPV yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 31,361,433, Net B/C sebesar 1.85, IRR sebesar 16%, dan Payback Period selama 7 bulan. Oleh karena itu, usaha budidaya selada romaine dengan menggunakan Smart Watering layak untuk dikembangkan.
Pendekatan Logika Fuzzy dalam Pengontrolan Suhu dan Kelembaban pada Persemaian Otomatis Full Closed System Tanaman Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors:   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Umam Choirul , Suhartono Suhartono ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Saputro Estu ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Published: September 2022

Persemaian merupakan fase awal pada pertumbuhan tanaman, fase ini sangat penting dan menentukan pertumbuhan tanaman. Dalam prosesnya, persemaian memerlukan kondisi lingkungan yang sesuai secara konsisten. Persemaian Otomatis Full Closed System, pada prinsipnya sama dengan pertanian presisi yaitu plant factory, bedanya persemaian otomatis full closed system khusus pada fase persemaian saja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyusun tahapan untuk memperoleh nilai logika fuzzy dan merumuskan nilai PWM mikrokontroler, dengan set poin suhu 27 °C dan kelembaban 70%. Budidaya tanaman yang termasuk di dalamnya persemaian, dapat dilakukan sepanjang tahun tanpa ada batasan waktu, dikarenakan kondisi lingkungan sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman tanpa tergantung dengan kondisi lingkungan luar. Metode persemaian konvensional, sangat bergantung pada kondisi lingkungan mikro tanaman (suhu, kelembaban dan intensitas cahaya) dan nilai lingkungan mikro juga sangat fluktuatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan logika fuzzy untuk mengontrol lingkungan mikro persemaian otomatis, dengan set poin suhu 27 °C dan kelembaban 70%, menggunakan pendekatan fuzzy Tsukamoto, nilai output PWM akhir pada kontrol suhu dan kelembaban pada penelitian ini adalah 613.8.
Strategi Pengelolaan Sistem Drainase Perumahan Soka Park Kabupaten Bangkalan Sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Banjir
Authors:   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Abrianto Riza Himawan , Subari Slamet ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Farid Akhmad ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Published: September 2022

Permasalahan banjir di Kabupaten Bangkalan sampai saat ini belum dapat tertangani secara menyeluruh walaupun Pemerintah telah berupaya semaksimal mungkin untuk mengatasinya. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, maka Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangkalan menetapkan bahwa setiap pembangunan harus diikuti dengan penyelesaian banjir di sekitar wilayah tersebut termasuk Perumahan Soka Park yang merupakan salah satu pengembang di wilayah Kecamatan Socah. Tujuan dari tesis ini untuk mengetahui besar debit banjir rancangan serta menentukan kapasitas saluran drainase, merencanakan desain sistem drainase yang optimal dalam mengatasi genangan dan mengetahui pengelolaan drainase yang tepat sebagai upaya pengendalian banjir pada wilayah sekitar Perumahan Soka Park. Sumber data menggunakan data primer berupa pengamatan langsung dan data sekunder yang berasal dari dinas terkait. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diketahui bahwa debit rancangan 10 tahun sebesar 1.84 m3.detik-1 dengan rencana 2 tipe saluran berpenampang persegi dan bahan dasar beton pra cetak, yaitu saluran tersier, dimensi lebar = 0.25 m, tinggi dan jagaan = 0.5 m serta saluran sekunder dengan dimensi lebar = 0.8 m, tinggi dan jagaan = 0.8 m. Selanjutnya, pemilihan alternatif jika terjadi backwater yaitu dengan membangun kolam retensi. Peran pemerintah yang dapat berpengaruh langsung mengendalikaan banjir di sekitar kawasan perumahan adalah pemasangan tanggul sungai dan normalisasi sungai dengan cara pengerukan secara berkala.
Fungal Endophytic Beauveria bassiana in Chinese Kale Against Plutella xylostella (L.) Larvae
Authors: Afandhi Aminudin , Ikawati Silvi , Baroro Ismatul , Afiyanti Mufidah , Sari Rose Novita , Handoko Handoko , Suyono Tri , Setiawan Yogo , Tarno Hagus
Published: September 2022

This study evaluated three methods of inoculation of Beauveria bassiana endophytes from Chinese kale and then infected into Plutella xylostella L to determine the mortality rate. The endophytic B. bassiana using three different inoculation methods including seeds-soaking, leaf-spraying, and soil-wetting. The Chinese kale seeds from Winsa variety, B.bassiana isolates derived from collection planthopper. The endophytic fungus was identified to be B. bassiana based on the analysis of colony morphology. The results of this study included the degree of colonization of Chinese kale plants and the mortality of P. xylostella. The average B. bassiana colonies in leaves were 13.89%, stems 2.77% and roots 5.55%. The results showed on leaves that the seeds-soaking method obtained higher colonization of B. bassiana rate when compared to leaf-spraying and soil-wetting. The highest percentage of P. xylostella mortality was generated from seeds-soaking (45%), soil-wetting (37.5%), leaf-spraying (35%). The B. bassiana fungus which caused the fastest LT50 with a seeds-soaking (409.48 hours), and then soil-wetting (679.15 hours), leaf-spraying (1090.21 hours). The positive effects of seeds-soaking of endophytic B. bassiana and mortality of Plutella xylostell.
Connecting the disconnected: analysis of a virtual exchange during the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sebastian Paul , Souza Benjamin
Published: September 2022

This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about the use of virtual exchange for the teaching and learning of languages. The project was designed as a Spanish language conversation exchange that connected students via synchronous Zoom sessions. Following a pilot semester that took place in spring 2019, the exchange was then repeated with a new group of students during the spring 2020 term, the same semester during which the COVID-19 pandemic spread throughout the world. The exchange took place over a two-week period and pairs were formed between students enrolled in a graduate level pre-service Spanish language program in Spain and undergraduate intermediate Spanish students in the US. Groups were asked to complete five topic-based conversation sessions. Individual exchange sessions were recorded and transcribed. Exchange participants also completed a survey about their experiences. Findings from the recorded sessions, transcript analysis, and surveys show that the virtual conversation exchange was successful and that difficulties such as technology and scheduling, both recurring issues that have been noted in previous studies of telecollaboration (Helm, 2015), were not significant barriers. Because the virtual exchange took place during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the primary focus of this study was to examine how students utilized the exchange as a way to stay connected during a time of mass disconnection.
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER TERPUJI DI SEKOLAH DASAR MUHAMMADIYAH CONDONGCATUR
Authors: Sudrajat Ajat , Wibowo Ari
Published: September 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara lebih rinci pembentukan karakter terpuji di SD Muhammadiyah Condongcatur Yogyakarta. SD Muhammadiyah Condongcatur ini merupakan salah satu sekolah favorit dan sekaligus unggulan yang menjadi tujuan para orang tua untuk menyekolahkan putera-puterinya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, pengamatan, dan pencermatan dokumen. Berdasarkan data-data yang diperoleh dapat diketahui bahwa ada tiga program yang menjadi tekanan pihak sekolah dalam membangun karakter terpuji ini, yaitu melalui: (1) kultur sekolah bermutu yang mencakup mutu input, mutu akademik, dan mutu nonakademik; (2) kultur sekolah Islam dengan fokus penanaman karakter religius, keterbukaan, kepedulian, kebersamaan, dan kerja sama; (3) kultur disiplin dengan fokus penanaman karakter antara lain religius, kedisiplinan, kepedulian, dan kebersamaan. Kata Kunci: pendidikan karakter, karakter terpuji, kultur sekolah, kultur sekolah Islam THE SHAPING OF NOBLE CHARACTER AT MUHAMMADIYAH ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF CONDONGCATUR Abstract: This research aims at describing in details the shaping of noble character at Muhammadiyah Elementary School of Condongcatur, Yogyakarta. This school is a favourite school and a school of excellence which has become the school destination for parents to send their children. The data collection was conducted using the techniques of interview, observation, and document examination. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that there are three programs emphasized by the school to build the the noble character, namely through: (1) quality school culture which includes input quality, academic quality, and non-academic quality; (2) islamic school culture focusing on the internalization of the characters of religiosity, open-mindedness, caring, togetherness, and cooperation; and (3) discipline culture focusing on the nurturing of religiosity, discipline, caring, and togetherness. Keywords: character education, noble character, school culture, Islamic school culture
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema in the Context of COVID-19
Authors:   Hypobaria and Biomedical Physiology Unit, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, Garrido Eduardo , Maglia Javier Botella de ,   Intensive Care Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain, Sibila Oriol ,   Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain, Zubieta-Calleja Gustavo ,   High Altitude Pulmonary and Pathology Institute, La Paz, Bolivia
Published: September 2022

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and COVID-19 pneumonia are different diseases, but HAPE-susceptible individuals (whose susceptibility often has a genetic basis) can also suffer from severe COVID-19. We hypothesized that certain pathogenic mechanisms might overlap if such a coincidence occurs, since these patients could react to alveolar hypoxia with a more intense and heterogeneously distributed pulmonary vasoconstriction than non-HAPE-susceptible patients. It is also not known how future altitude acclimatization might affect lowlanders with COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae, and how the loss of adaptation to chronic hypoxia might differ by genetic lineage among highland natives who have recovered from severe COVID-19 around the world. Although the incidence of CoV-2 in high-altitude locations seems to be lower, a correct differential diagnosis of both conditions is essential, especially in high-altitude areas where health resources are scarce, considering that there is sometimes a similarity between COVID-19 pneumonia and HAPE.
Índice de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático en el sector recurso hídrico, aplicado en cuatro distintas localidades de Honduras
Authors: Paz T. Peña , Chirinos-Escobar Marcio , Hernández Junior O. , Almendares Kelly , García-Santos Saúl
Published: September 2022

La evaluación de la vulnerabilidad al cambio climático en el sector hídrico es una métrica que evalúa la dinámica física y social a la que se está expuesto, el grado de sensibilidad de un sistema y la capacidad de adaptación que desde la sociedad y el capital natural se tienen. Estudio se realizó en cuatro localidades de Honduras entre el centro y occidente del país, evaluando la dinámica hídrica vinculada al agua para consumo humano, en zonas urbanas, periurbanas, rurales e indígenas, para las que se diseñaron variables que evidenciaran la vulnerabilidad al cambio climático. Los resultados evidencian claramente como la capacidad de adaptación es clave para la adaptación al cambio climático, la variabilidad climática esa exposición afecta de manera nacional independiente de las regiones y la sensibilidad se ve afectada de mayor manera por la débil gestión del agua en cuento a la legalidad, accesibilidad, infraestructura y temas financieros. La calidad del agua cobra un sentido importante en la evaluación de la seguridad hídrica, así como la participación ciudadana en estos procesos. Palabras clave: Vulnerabilidad, cambio climático, recursos hídricos, exposición, sensibilidad y capacidad de adaptación
Effect of material tramadol on some blood components of laboratory rats
Authors: Obaid Mostafa Shaimaa , Mohamad Salih Fulla Kaydar
Published: September 2022

The current study deal with the effect of tramadol injections on body weight and some blood components in 40 male laboratory rats, divided into four groups. The first group, G1 represents the control group. The second group G2 and the third group G3 were injected with a concentration of 20 and 40 mg/100 g of body weight, respectively, and the fourth group G4 was injected at a concentration of 80 mg / 100 g of body weight for ten days respectively. The current study results showed a significant decrease in the weights of rats injected with tramadol compared to the control group. Also, there was a significant decrease in the numbers of RBC, PLT, MID#, and GRAN#, respectively. The concentrations of each of the following constants: HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC showed a significant decrease in their values; except for MCV, the decrease was not significant, and the results of this study also recorded a significant increase in the white blood cells count as well as the number of lymphocytes, and there was an increase in both RDW-CV & RDW-SD. Keywords. Body weight, tramadol, RBC, WBC, PLT.
Purification and characterization of glutaminase from Iraqi fruit of ‎ Capsicum annuum
Authors: Suhail Zbar Nedhaal
Published: September 2022

L-glutaminase has recently attracted much attention due to its medicinal and industrial potential. It's an antileukemic drug with flavor-enhancing properties when used in fermented foods manufacturing. The enzyme purification was determined by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography with estimating glutaminase activity and characterization of purified glutaminase in several parameters such as substrate concentration and reaction time pH, and temperature influence in this study. As a result, glutaminase is purified in three steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation with 30% saturation, DEAE-Cellulose and Sephacryl S-200. The specific activity increased to 85 U/mg protein with 4 folds of purification and 18% enzyme recovery. When glutaminase was incubated in the presence of 150 millimolar glutamine at thirty-five centigrade for thirty minutes, the enzyme reached its maximal activity of 1.8 u/ml, in the presence of a 0.05 Molar potassium phosphate buffer solution, at pH 8.

Keywords: Capsicum annum, glutaminase, enzyme activity, glutaminase purification
Study of HLA-G gene polymorphism and serum level of soluble HLA-G in patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: J. Al –Tamimi Bushra , Al-Mayah Qasim S. , Abd-Alwahab Hadeel S.
Published: September 2022

Tuberculosis affects about one-third of the world population. The incidence of the disease differs significantly among populations living under almost similar conditions, indicating the role of genetic factors. The present study aimed to appraise the impact of HLA-G gene polymorphisms and soluble HLA-G on the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. 48 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and other 42 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in the study. Both groups evaluated two gene polymorphisms in the HLA-G gene and soluble HLA-G protein. The frequency of Del/Del genotype of rs66554220 (14-bp Ins/Del) polymorphism in patients was 8.33% which was higher than that of controls (2.38%) with a significant difference (crude OR= 9.26, 95%CI=1.06-80.93, p=0.044). Such association remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors, including smoking, family history, socioeconomic status and residence (adjusted OR= 11.83, 95%CI=2.77-50.51, p= 0.01). The median serum level of soluble HLA-G in patients was 34.0 ng/ml (range 6.18-74.25 ng/ml), which was greater than that of controls (median 20 ng/ml, range 312-71.98 ng/ml) with a significant difference. We can conclude that The Del/Del genotype of rs66554220 (14-bp Ins/Del) polymorphism is an independent risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Iraqi population

Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HLA-G gene, single nucleotide polymorphism
Submission and Phylogenetical of Local Isolated Trichophyton interdigitale of Iraqi Patients in NCBI
Authors: Saied Hamied Atyaf
Published: September 2022

Dermatophytes are species with slight genetic variation, and are yet several uncertainties about the differences among species. This study aims to isolate and diagnose the Trichophyton interdigitale by molecular technique and to reveal the phylogenetic distance and similarity of the Iraqi isolates to other isolates from the globe, in addition, to submit the obtained sequences to the NCBI database. This study included 86 with multiple lesions on different parts of the body. The results showed different variations within the ITS gene between the isolates. It was concluded that Trichophyton interdigitale in Iraqi isolates had two types of substitution variations (Transition and Transversion) different than global isolates. Moreover, it appeared according to the phylogenetic tree, the similarity was 97% with isolates from the Czech Republic and Japan, whereas 98% with the isolates from France and Germany. Keywords. Dermatophytes, genetic variations, ITS gene, multiple lessons
Hidróxidos Dobles Laminares (HDL) como material adsorbente en descontaminación de aguas contaminadas por colorantes azoicos
Authors: Rodríguez Fredy , Sosa Lilian , Domínguez-Robles Juan
Published: September 2022

Cada día es evidente como un recurso natural tan imprescindible para el desarrollo de la vida, como es el agua, se ve amenazado por diversos factores de contaminación; debido a diferentes procesos industriales necesarios para atender sus demandas (industria textil, alimenticia y cosmética)1 . Tal es el caso de la contaminación causada por los colorantes de tipo azoico, que son compuestos químicos nitrogenados, y que se caracterizan por la presencia de un grupo azo (-N=N-) en la molécula que une, al menos, dos anillos aromáticos. Son utilizados ampliamente en la industria textil ya que proporcionan una coloracion intensa a las telas, algunos de ellos son mencionaodos en la figura 1 (con su estructura química)2. Estos colorantes presentan como principal consecuencia la contaminación de agua obstaculizando el paso de la luz, provocando que organismos autótrofos no produzcan su alimento y de esta manera interrumpan la cadena trófica en ecosistemas acuaticos. Adicionado a esto, se aumenta la posibilidad de indicios de toxicidad ya que los colorantes azoicos pueden ser cancerígenos debido a su producto desdoblado: la bencidina. Esta sustancia induce varios tumores humanos y animales, asimismo, la reducción de la bencidina produce aminas aromáticas que afectan la salud humana, causando alergias y en animales de laboratorio se han observado efectos negativos en el hígado, riñones, sistemas inmunitario y nervioso.3,4
Designing bended pipes under internal pressure
Authors: Herold Martin , Iwan Sebastian , Kroll Lothar
Published: September 2022

There are major benefits, e.g. in the aerospace sector, for lightweight mobile applications, because of integral lightweight design and construction. Integral lightweight design avoids parting points, as they increase the weight and at the same time could cause defects. Pipe technology is a potential application for this issue.
For the design of bended pipes, there are various conventional but only few FEM-based approximation methods that consider fiber plastic composites. This optimization was carried out, especially for high-pressure components with an expected burst pressure of approx. 1,050 bar (approx. 15,200 psi), consisting of liner and multi-layer laminate. Three different optimization methods with adapted material parameters were compared. The net theory was used first. Furthermore, the Tsai–Wu failure criterion was considered. The inter-fiber-failure-criterion of Cuntze has been used for straight pipes. Subsequently, variations in terms of curvature angles, curvature radii, and pipe size for various laminates has been shown in theoretical investigations. The result section provides the inverse reserve factor and an outlook on the expected weight for various fiber combinations.
Empoderamiento e impacto del trabajo de cuidados en emprendedoras en Tijuana (México)
Authors: Díaz Carrión Isis Arlene , Ceyca Lugo Ariana
Published: September 2022

La baja participación de los hombres en la realización del trabajo de cuidados genera dobles jornadas para las mujeres, quienes cumplen con roles de cuidadoras y proveedoras. Al considerar esto, se analiza, usando una metodología mixta, el empoderamiento de las emprendedoras. Los resultados muestran emprendedoras con altos niveles de empoderamiento y la persistencia de una equidad pragmática, lo que las conduce hacia un rol de proveedoras sin que medie equidad en el rol de cuidados del grupo doméstico, condicionando así sus procesos de empoderamiento, que se mantiene como una conquista complicada para las mujeres.
Study of Microbial Desalination Cell Performance; Power Generation and Desalination Efficiency using Pure Oxygen in a Cathode Chamber
Authors: Abd-almohi Hussein H. , Alismaeel Ziad T. , M-Ridha Mohanad J.
Published: September 2022

Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) is capable of desalinating seawater, producing electrical power and treating wastewater. Previously, chemical cathodes were used, which were application restrictions due to operational expenses are quite high, low levels of long-term viability and high toxicity. A pure oxygen cathode was using, external resistance 50 and 150 k Ω were studied with two concentrations of NaCl in the desalination chamber 15-25 g/L which represents the concentration of brackish water and sea water. The highest energy productivity was obtained, which amounted to 44 and 46 mW/m3, and the maximum limit for desalination of saline water was (31% and 26%) for each of 25 g / L and 15 g / L, respectively, when using an external resistance of 150 KΩ. At 50 KΩ, 13 and 12 mW/m3 were obtained, and the maximum desalination limit were 20% and 2% when using 25 g / L and 15 g / L, respectively. The concept of the mixing process was introduced in the desalination chamber to improve the performance of the system, where the highest energy productivity was obtained, which amounted 45 and 47 mW/m3, and the percentage of salt removal in the desalination chamber were 40% and 55% when using 15 g/L and 25 g/L and 150 KΩ, respectively. This study demonstrated a promising approach to using the mixing process in the desalination room in order to increase the desalination and electrical productivity.
Performance Prediction in EDM Process for Al 6061 Alloy Using Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Hadi Abdulridha Hind , Qasim Ibraheem Marwa , Ghazi Abdulameer Ahmed
Published: September 2022

The Electric Discharge (EDM) method is a novel thermoelectric manufacturing technique in which materials are removed by a controlled spark erosion process between two electrodes immersed in a dielectric medium. Because of the difficulties of EDM, determining the optimum cutting parameters to improve cutting performance is extremely tough. As a result, optimizing operating parameters is a critical processing step, particularly for non-traditional machining process like EDM. Adequate selection of processing parameters for the EDM process does not provide ideal conditions, due to the unpredictable processing time required for a given function. Models of Multiple Regression and Genetic Algorithm are considered as effective methods for determining the optimal processing variables of Electrical Discharge Machining.
The material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear (Tw) were investigated using the process variables of pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), and current intensity (Ip). The established empirical models were used to perform Genetic Algorithm (GA) to maximize (MRR) and minimize (Tw). The optimization results were utilized to establish machining conditions, validate empirical models, and obtain optimization outcomes. The optimal result that appears in this work was the pulse on (176.261 μs), pulse off (39.42 μs), and current intensity (23.62 Amp.) to maximize the MRR to (0.78391 g/min) and reduce tool wear to (0.0451 g/min).
“Buena madera”: significaciones asociadas con la genética reproductiva
Authors: Lima Natacha Salomé
Published: September 2022

La cantidad de tratamientos de reproducción asistida con gametos (óvulos y/o espermatozoides) donados ha aumentado progresivamente. A partir de la sanción del Código Civil y Comercial (2015), las tecnologías reproductivas se convirtieron en una nueva fuente de filiación con características propias, como la obligación de inscribir el nacimiento del/a nacido/a de donación de gametos. Las parejas heterosexuales tienden a omitir esta información con mayor frecuencia. Esa omisión puede responder a distintos motivos, miedos e inseguridades. Las recomendaciones psicológicas tienen como objetivo acompañar a los receptores de gametos para contribuir en la elaboración del duelo por la pérdida del aporte genético. Este trabajo explora las condiciones y sentidos vinculados con el duelo genético a partir de analizar las significaciones asociadas con la genética reproductiva en un subgrupo de mujeres cis heterosexuales que, según criterios de la medicina reproductiva, presentan edad materna avanzada (mayores de 40 años). Desde 2004, las mujeres que buscan un embarazo luego de los 40 años constituyen un subgrupo que registra un aumento de casos, convirtiendo la edad en la primera causa para recurrir a óvulos donados en Argentina (Mackey et al. 2020; Zegers et al. 2021). Los resultados son congruentes con otras investigaciones y demuestran que el modo de significar el origen genético depende de la conformación familiar, de las trayectorias (no)reproductivas y del paso del tiempo, donde el componente genético tiende a relativizarse en pos de la crianza y el vínculo compartido en la gestación, el amamantamiento y el parto. Aparecieron dos instancias en las que el gameto donado adquiere una condición “amenazante”, una es ante una posible enfermedad futura en el nacido y la otra por la obligación de registrar el nacimiento. 
Tecnologias de reprodução assistida, regulação e monoparentalidade: entre a autonomia e o individualismo
Authors: Oliva Augusto Maria Helena , Mendosa Douglas
Published: September 2022

O aumento de pessoas que realizam o desejo de ter filhos com o auxílio das tecnologias de reprodução assistida é um fato que tem sido objeto de inúmeras pesquisas no mundo inteiro. No Brasil, essa realidade é marcada pela ausência de uma lei específica sobre o tema. Em seu lugar, o Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) publica normas de orientação ética (resoluções) que sofreram contínuas alterações desde 1992, ano da primeira resolução. O objetivo deste artigo é o de apresentar como o processo de modificações dessas normas ao longo do tempo está relacionado à ampliação do acesso às TRA no Brasil. São essas mesmas técnicas que têm permitido, nos últimos anos, o aumento de pessoas solteiras, especialmente as mulheres, a realizarem o desejo de ter filhos de modo independente. Em função do caráter social de qualquer tecnologia, discute-se como a expansão das TRAS configuram e são configuradas por tendências das sociedades contemporâneas como a valorização da autonomia feminina (empoderamento) e o individualismo. 
La monoparentalidad femenina elegida en Brasil: estrategias reproductivas
Authors: Machin Rosana , Watari Fernanda Lye , Couto Marcia Thereza
Published: September 2022

La monoparentalidad femenina por elección es un fenómeno creciente en varios países y está cobrando impulso gracias a las tecnologías de reproducción asistida (TRA) al permitir a las mujeres ser madres utilizando material genético de terceros. Investigaremos los motivos que llevan a la elección voluntaria de la maternidad monoparental mediante acceso a las tecnologías reproductivas asistidas. De naturaleza cualitativa, el estudio empírico tiene soporte en diez entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres en edad fértil, residentes en São Paulo-SP, que estaban en tratamiento reproductivo o lo habían realizado, con o sin éxito. Las participantes fueron reclutadas mediante el método de bola de nieve. El número de entrevistas se limitó usando la saturación teórica. En cuanto a las estrategias reproductivas, se observó la influencia de aspectos sociales, políticos y económicos que determinan las decisiones reproductivas individuales, así como el costo del tratamiento, las normas legales, la elección del material genético de terceros y la red de apoyo existente. La autonomía femenina y la independencia financiera son factores que contribuyen a la elección de este tipo de maternidad. Se considera que estas mujeres negocian con las normas y valores sociales hegemónicos (procesos que son culturalmente estandarizados), transgrediendo elementos normativos y modificando normas sociales. 
El fundamento no patologizante de la ley nacional de acceso a la reproducción asistida en Argentina: la situación en el ámbito de la salud pública a dos años de su implementación
Authors: Ariza Lucía
Published: September 2022

El artículo analiza actitudes profesionales en torno a la provisión de tratamientos de reproducción asistida (TRHA) en el ámbito de la salud pública de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Desde 2013, el país tiene una de las legislaciones más avanzadas del mundo en materia de TRHA, garantizando la cobertura gratuita a quien lo necesite, sin restricciones de orientación sexual o estado conyugal de las personas. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, recurriendo a entrevistas semiestructuradas entre profesionales encargados/as de proveer tratamientos (PRA) y de garantizar las condiciones institucionales de provisión (PCI). Se buscó conocer las actitudes profesionales en torno a: 1) la provisión de tratamientos por donación gametos, y, 2) el acceso a TRHA por parte de mujeres sin pareja, parejas del mismo sexo y mujeres en edad no fértil. Los resultados muestran ambivalencias de los/ as profesionales con la donación de gametos y embriones, especialmente debido a la cuestión del intercambio económico. Se observa una paulatina apropiación del lenguaje de derechos para garantizar el acceso a TRHA por parte de sujetos que tradicionalmente han encontrado más oposición para ejercer su derecho a la maternidad. 
La información facilitada a las donantes de ovocitos. Algunas consideraciones legales
Authors: Puig Hernández Marc-Abraham
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a delimitar los márgenes legales entre los que debe oscilar la información que se ofrece a las donantes de óvulos; información en la que no siempre se incluye, por ejemplo, todas las molestias, daños o riesgos que potencialmente tienen que soportar. Con la finalidad de poder evaluar dichos márgenes, contrastaremos el origen jurídico de la obligación de brindar esta información con el actual estado de la regulación de la donación de óvulos en España. Se sigue, por tanto, una metodología de lo abstracto a lo específico para establecer las coordenadas legales del objeto de investigación. A propósito de la legislación española, se observan los requisitos estándares del consentimiento informado y de los criterios para otorgar consentimiento en la donación de óvulos. El criterio general se caracteriza por la protección de la salud del paciente en relación con todas las cuestiones en las que pueda verse involucrado en el proceso médico. Mas en el caso de la donación de óvulos debe completarse con un segundo criterio, que procede de la segunda ley: los fines y las consecuencias del acto de donación. 
Debates feministas en torno a la reproducción asistida
Authors: Blazquez Graf Norma , Cadena Alvear Itzel , Chapa Romero Ana Celia
Published: September 2022

El conocimiento científico y en particular las tecnologías reproductivas son un campo reciente que transforma los fundamentos biológicos de la creación de nuevos seres humanos, modifican el papel de las mujeres en la reproducción, así como las concepciones y formas de asociación. Mediante el seguimiento y estudio de los avances biomédicos y desde el marco de la teoría feminista, en trabajos anteriores hemos analizado el desarrollo de las tecnologías reproductivas en el siglo XXI, sus efectos positivos e inesperados, así como el debate sobre los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres, el cuestionamiento de conceptos centrales como consanguinidad, maternidad y parentalidades contemporáneas que posibilitan nuevas modalidades de organización social. En este trabajo, hacemos una revisión de la literatura sobre los debates y posiciones feministas en torno a la reproducción asistida desde sus inicios a la actualidad, dando un panorama del camino recorrido a partir de las primeras manifestaciones académicas, hasta llegar al presente con la mirada de las instituciones, las organizaciones sociales, redes, usuarias y colectivas feministas, para compartir algunas preguntas y perspectivas que apuntan hacia el futuro. 