bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Income from Mujair Fish (Oreochromis Massambicus) Cultivation in Tarpon Ponds (Biofloc) (A Case Study of Biofloc Business in Matungkas Village, Minut Regency)
Authors: Kaunang Stella T. , Kumentas Veronicha , Polan Threis S. , Ompi Medy
Published: December 2023

This research investigates the economic viability of tilapia fish farming utilizing the pond liner method (biofloc) in Matungkas Village, Dimembe Subdistrict, North Minahasa Regency, Indonesia. With the agricultural, animal husbandry, and fisheries sectors playing pivotal roles in supporting Indonesia's economy, the study focuses on the freshwater fisheries potential, particularly tilapia, in North Minahasa. The research delves into the innovative use of biofloc technology, analyzing its benefits such as minimal water and land requirements, efficient feed utilization, and waste conversion into fish feed. Mr. Ronny Lensun's tilapia fish farming business, employing the pond liner method, is examined. Despite the region's rich natural resources, the income calculation method used by the owner is identified as simplistic. The study employs quantitative methods to perform a comprehensive income analysis, considering revenue, production costs, and financial metrics. Results demonstrate the profitability of Mr. Ronny Lensun's business, with a break-even point at a selling price of IDR 1,167,807.9 and a production volume of 33.36 kg. The Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C) is calculated at 1.85, indicating the business's sustainability and profitability. The literature review encompasses the biofloc technology and business analysis, emphasizing its advantages in water quality maintenance, organic matter decomposition, and feed efficiency. The study contributes to understanding the economic feasibility of tilapia fish farming with the biofloc method, suggesting potential for wider adoption and development in the region.
Local Hotel Innovation in Post-Covid-19 Tourism Destinations: Typology, Models and Influence on Performance
Authors: Sudiksa I Nyoman , Putra I Nyoman Darma , Sunarta I Nyoman
Published: December 2023

This study aims to explore innovations made by local hotels in post-COVID-19 tourism destinations, focusing on innovation typologies, implementation models, and their impact on operational and financial performance. A mixed approach was taken to this study. A qualitative approach was taken to determine the typology of local hotel innovations in Ubud tourism destinations. Data collection in a qualitative approach is carried out through interview activities, with qualitative descriptive analysis in the form of thematic analysis with a deductive approach. While the quantitative approach is carried out to build an innovation model based on customer engagement, employee contribution, the use of technology in creating innovation, and analyzing the influence of innovation on the performance of local hotels in Ubud tourist destinations through survey methods, and data analysis using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) analysis to analyze structured correlations both relationships between indicators and relationships between variables. The results of this study are expected to provide an in-depth picture of how local hotels in tourism destinations creatively respond to post-COVID-19 challenges through innovation. This finding is expected to provide valuable insights for tourism industry players, governments, and researchers to understand the dynamics of innovation in the face of paradigm shifts in the post-pandemic era. The conclusions shows that Product-Process Innovation has the greatest influence on performance, while Organizational Innovation has the lowest effect on hotel performance.
Identification of Customary Delict of South Papua and Its Customary Sanctions as a Form of Preservation of Customary Law
Authors: Alputila Marlyn Jane , Tajuddin Mulyadi Alrianto , Y. Badilla Nurul Widhanita
Published: December 2023

Until now, there has been no specific reference to customary offenses and customary courts in Papua, especially the South Papua Customary Court, except for the writings of some anthropologists who touch on this issue in discussing the leadership system or community structure or customary government system in Papua. The purpose of this study is to determine the existence or existence of customary law in the Anim Ha customary territory and the need for mapping customary law in force in South Papua by identifying customary violations and customary sanctions. This research uses a descriptive method of analysis with a normative juridical approach supported by empirical data, namely direct data from customary law communities and secondary data, namely legal material such as laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and court decisions/jurisprudence, and supported by primary data, namely by conducting interviews with related parties. There are three types of customary sanctions in South Papua, namely legal action in the form of imposition of fines (objects or goods), legal action in the form of imposing physical and spiritual suffering on violators (physical and psychological punishment), in the form of legal action to restore magical balance (punishment in the form of carrying out traditional ceremonies / rituals). Customary law communities in South Papua in fact although state law applies the principle of legal centralism, customary law is more dominant in regulating community life because it is considered more beneficial to the parties in resolving cases or disputes than positive law.
Pengaruh Media Bisnis Digital Terhadap Kegiatan Usaha Smkn 4 Kota Bandung
Authors: Althaf Firdaus Raihan
Published: December 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Untuk menjelaskan Strategi kebijakan penanggulangan stunting di Kota Kupang dan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh stunting terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia di kota Kupang. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan data primer dari kantor dinas kesehatan kota Kupang dan masyarakat. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah SWOT. Berdasarkan hasil analysis menggunakan SWOT, strategi yang dapat dipakai untuk penannggulangan stunting di Kota Kupang adalah: meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan, meningkatkan kinerja kelembagaan, menciptakan inovasi baru, memanfaatkan dana yang ada dari pemerintah untuk mengadakan sarana prasarana kesehatan yang lebih baik dan , pelayanan dasar harus terpenuhi seperti air bersih dan sanitasi yang cukup , peningkatan SDM, edukasi kepada remaja untuk merencanakan kehamilan dan edukasi untuk masyarakat dalam memantau dan mengevaluasi program-program pemerintah kota Kupang agar masalah stunting bisa teratasi dengan baik agar Indeks Pembangunan Manusia juga menjadi lebik baik.
Analisis Morfologi Perkotaan di Kecamatan Balla, Kabupaten Mamasa
Authors: Asriana Zul
Published: December 2023

Latar Belakang: Suatu kota dalam perkembangannya memiliki karakteristik bentuk yang disebut morfologi kota. Morfologi kota terbentuk karena adanya interaksi baik secara spasial maupun kegiatan masyarakat. Morfologi kota di kecamatan Balla mengalami perubahan, dimana aspek-aspek tersebut adalah penggunaan lahan yang semakin meningkat berbanding terbalik dengan ketersediaan lahan yang semakin berkurang.

Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kondisi morfologi kota di kecamatan Balla dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif melalui analisis spasial

Metode: Analisis spasial ini dilakukan untuk melihat pola plot bangunan, pola jaringan jalan dan sistem bangunan

Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perubahan morfologi kota kecamatan Balla didominasi oleh lahan yang tidak terbangun seperti perkebunan dan tanah kosong menjadi perumahan baru

Kesimpulan: Perubahan inilah yang membentuk morfologi kota kecamatan Balla membentuk pola permukiman menyebar
MODIFICATION OF THE COBWEB MODEL INTO GENERALIZED LOGISTIC EQUATION FOR THE WHEAT PRICE ANALYSIS
Authors: Stanojević Jelena , Vuksanović Nemanja , Kukić Katarina , Jablanović Vesna
Published: December 2023

In the paper we constructed the new wheat growth model, based on the generalized logistic equation. Starting from the theoretical framework of the cobweb model, we adapted generalized logistic equation to better fit the real data of wheat prices, according to the presented wheat growth model. The aim of the paper is to present how logistic and generalized logistic equations can be used for both prediction of wheat prices and for the wheat price stability analysis. Data analysis showed better performances of the generalized logistic map in comparation with the conventional logistic map as a main result of this paper. For estimated parameters of the model the bifurcation diagrams also have been presented to show stability of wheat price over time. The conclusion is that the proposed model can be useful in predicting future wheat prices in the short-run period, as well as for the analysis of stability in conditions of uncertainty, which is also a recommendation for the application of the model in the future research.
MITIGATING SPATIAL DISPROPORTIONS IN AGRICULTURE THROUGH REVEALING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Authors: Erokhin Vasilii , Samygin Denis , Tuskov Andrey , Ivolga Anna
Published: December 2023

Spatial development of agriculture has always been among the core agendas of food security. Amid the increased volatility of food markets globally, low diversification of agricultural production depresses competitiveness and flexibility of farmers. To narrow spatial development gaps, the study presents the five-stage approach to revealing territory-specific competitive advantages in producing nine categories of agricultural products. The data is collected across all administrative territories of Russia categorized according to the cadastral value of farmland. The revealed mismatches between the parameters of food self-sufficiency, productivity of crops, and profitability of farmers show that agricultural policy should aim at stimulating production of competitive products with due account to the spatial features of agriculture to ensure the highest return per unit of inputs along with adequate accessibility of staples for consumers. Determining proportions in which agricultural facilities should be allocated across territories would allow governments to tailor the resource provision programs, including subsidies to territories, agricultural sectors, and individual producers.
DIGITAL MARKETING - MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES AND THE POWER OF DIGITAL CONSUMERS
Authors: Dašić Dejan , Vučić Vladan , Turčinović Željko , Tošić Miloš
Published: December 2023

The article contrasts digital and conventional marketing while also examining the fundamentals of the idea of digital marketing, as well as its structure and characteristics in contemporary corporate environments. This study tries to pinpoint the key strategies for attracting and keeping people while utilizing digital marketing. The primary digital marketing tools are examined, and it is emphasized that there are no general answers for tool selection; rather, each tool must be chosen for a particular business. Digital marketing is the practice of promoting goods or services via the use of digital technology, mostly the Internet but also mobile devices, display advertisements, and other digital media. Digital marketing efforts are becoming more common and effective as digital platforms are integrated into daily life and marketing strategies and as more consumers use digital devices than physical stores. This essay largely focuses on conceptualizing digital marketing and how it benefits modern businesses.
BRANDING OF THE DESTINATION OF PODGORINA THROUGH THE ROUTE OF “RAKIJA ŠLJIVOVICA”, A UNESCO HERITAGE ROUTE
Authors: Ikonić Nenad , Stojanović Katarina , Cvijanović Drago
Published: December 2023

Plum brandy is one of the most recognizable symbols of Republic of Serbia. Production of plum brandy is recently on the UNESCO list and can be a very significant factor in the process of promoting the destination from the aspect of tourism. Looking at the current situation, through positive examples of practice and a review of the theoretical framework, the collection of statistical data obtained on the basis of previous research, it was observed that the destination of Podgorina has numerous predispositions for branding. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the formation of “The Rakija Šljivovica Route”, where the production of plum brandies would be a significant component of the branding process of the destination. In this way, permanent migration from rural to urban areas would be slowed down, the rich cultural heritage of this region, agriculture and traditional occupations would be revived.
IMPACT OF INVESTMENTS ON FOOD SECURITY ACCESS: CASE OF EU AND NON-EU MEMBER COUNTRIES
Authors: Kovljenić Mina , Raletić Jotanović Saša , Nestorov Bizonj Jelena , Maksimović Branka
Published: December 2023

Agriculture around the world faces a number of challenges. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of gross investments and agriculture investments on the level of food security in the member countries of the European Union (EU) and non-EU member countries. In the paper as a method of research hierarchical regression analysis was used. The results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant influence of gross investments and agriculture investments on the level of food security in the EU and non-EU member countries. The largest amount of gross investments and investments in agriculture was recorded in Croatia and Slovenia, as a EU members countries, which have the highest level of food security. On the other hand, the lowest volume of gross investments and investments in agriculture was recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as non-EU member country, which has the lower level of food security.
DETERMINATIONS OF PROFITABILITY IN THE AGRICULUTRAL SECTOR IN SERBIA
Authors: Milošev Ivana
Published: December 2023

This research paper considers performance determinants at firm and industry level from the perspective of agricultural industry since this industry is recognized as one of key drivers of Serbian national economy. Sample is consisted of 115 large and medium-sized firms as they participate around 50% in total sector turnover, during years 2017 - 2021. The Generalized Method of Moments was used to analyze how firm factors (lagged profitability, leverage, labor cost, size, liquidity, sales growth) and industry factors (market share and capital intensity) affect profitability. Research results showed that profitability is strongly positively affected by its past values and stronlgy negatively affected by leverage, labours costs and industry factor capital intensity. The results suggest that internal factors are key determinants of the performance of agricultural firms rather than external factors and that leverage is the most significant determinant of profitability therefore managers should pay more attention to debt policy.
RISK EVALUATION OF LIVESTOCK COMMODITIES – VALUE-AT-RISK APPROACH
Authors: Živkov Dejan , Jančev Nikola , Alavuk Đorđe , Bolesnikov Dragana
Published: December 2023

This paper tries to assess the level of losses that investors in four livestock commodities might have. The analysis comprises live cattle, feeder cattle, lean hogs and milk class III, and for the risk calculation, we use parametric and historical VaR measures. Full sample is divided into pre-crisis and crisis subsamples. According to the results, lean hogs are the riskiest asset in the pre-crisis period, regarding both parametric and historical VaR. In the crisis period, milk is the riskiest asset in terms of parametric VaR in all probability levels. However, in terms of historical VaR, lean hogs have the highest potential of loses between 90-97% VaR, but at 99% VaR, milk takes upper hand. In the crisis period, the level of losses for lean hogs and milk exceeds 4% in one day at 99% probability, which means that these commodities should be hedged if investors want to avoid great losses. The results indicate that parametric VaR significantly deviates from historical VaR in both subsamples, which means that investors in livestock commodities should use historical VaR for downside risk measurement.
MANAGING THE PRODUCTION PROCESSES - OPTIMIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF BANANA RIPENING BY APPLYING THE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING METHOD
Authors: Stojanović Ivan , Jovanović Violeta , Manić Aleksandar
Published: December 2023

The realization of company goals is greatly influenced by the manager’s decisions in the activities of managing production processes. To make decisions, managers use different decision-making methods, taking into account different criteria on the basis of which they choose the best alternative. The paper presents the optimization of the technological process of banana ripening using the simple additive weighting (SAW) method. The research monitored temperature correction, ripening gas dosage concentration, duration of treatment, commodity loss, including correction of accompanying factors of green banana fruit ripening. By applying the SAW method on 400 performed ripenings in the period from 2017 to 2020, the best results were achieved at a temperature of 18.5 °C, with an ethylene concentration of 840 ppm, process time of 112 h and achieved kalo of 233 kg. The total cost of ripening based on the examined parameters is 250.12 € which can save 81.42 € and meet the finishing standards.
DOES TRANSPARENCY PAY OFF FOR GREEN BOND ISSUERS? EVIDENCE FROM EU STATE AGENCIES’ GREEN BONDS
Authors: Kovačević Vlado , Janković Irena , Vasić Vladimir , Ljumović Isidora Lj.
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the impact of transparent allocation of proceeds on green bonds’ yields, providing insights to green bonds’ issuers for optimizing their financing terms. Using data from the EU state agencies’ green bond market, we applied a Prais-Winsten regression model with correlated panels corrected standard errors and common AR(1) to estimate the relationship between green bonds’ yields and various factors, including the transparency of proceeds. Transparent allocation of proceeds has a negative effect on green bonds’ yields, confirming that investors require lower returns when they are well-informed about a bond’s environmental goals. Additionally, higher credit ratings, and shorter remaining maturity are associated with lower green bonds’ yields. Transparent use of proceeds significantly influences green bonds’ yields, demonstrating that specifying the use of bond proceeds for environmentally friendly projects can lead to more favorable financing terms. Future research direction should provide additional classification of the green bonds’ transparency.
Питание для здоровья волос – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Волосы – это роговые производные кожи человека. Они выполняют защитную и эстетическую функцию. Волосы предохраняют голову человека от переохлаждения и механических повреждений. Кроме того, здоровые, красивые и ухоженные, они делают человека более привлекательным в общении с другими людьми. Волосы живут от 2 до 4 лет, вырастают на 12 см. в год и до 8 м. в течение всей жизни. Их общая численность на голове составляет от 90 до 150 тыс.

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Питание для мышц – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Мышцы — главные органы движения человека, подчиняющиеся мозгу, и управляющие костной системой. Состоят из упругой, эластичной мышечной ткани, способной сокращаться под влиянием нервных импульсов. Участвуют во всех двигательных процессах, начиная от улыбки и кончая переносом тяжестей.

В теле человека насчитывается 640 мышц. Самые маленькие из них отвечают за работоспособность «молоточка», расположенного в ухе. Самые крупные (ягодичные мышцы) – отвечают за движение ног. А жевательные и икроножные мышцы являются самыми сильными в организме.

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Питание для здоровья кожи – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Кожа – самый большой орган человеческого организма. Ее площадь (у взрослого человека) составляет примерно 2 м2. Кожа выполняет следующие функции: защитную, дыхательную, теплообменную, очищающую и регенеративную. Состоит она из эпидермиса, дермы и подкожно-жировой клетчатки. Производными кожи являются волосы, ногти и потовые железы.

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Питание для здоровья ушей – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Наружное ухо представляет собой хрящевой резонатор, передающий поступающие звуковые колебания на барабанную перепонку, а затем, на внутреннее ухо. Кроме того, содержащиеся во внутреннем ухе отолиты, отвечают за вестибулярное равновесие организма.

Ухо — сложный орган, включающий в себя наружное, среднее и внутреннее ухо. Уши предназначены для восприятия звуковых колебаний. Благодаря им человек способен воспринимать звуковые волны частотой примерно от 16 до 20 000 колебаний в секунду.

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Питание для здоровья ногтей – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Ногти - это зеркало здоровья человека. Их красота и ухоженность сегодня являются одним из важных показателей социального положения человека. Маникюр и тщательный уход за ногтями – это, конечно, великолепно, но без сбалансированного питания об их красоте можно лишь только мечтать.

С биологической точки зрения, ногти – это роговые производные кожи человека, основное предназначение которых связано с защитой кончиков пальцев от травмирования. Кроме того, ногти расширяют диапазон выполняемых операций. В некоторых случаях они используются в целях самообороны.

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Питание для здоровья позвоночника – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Позвоночник является главной опорой нашего организма, его стержнем. Образуя осевой скелет, он вместе с прикрепленными к нему ребрами защищает жизненно-важные органы - легкие и сердце от механических повреждений, участвует в движениях тела, кроме того, именно благодаря позвоночнику осуществляется функция прямохождения.

В костном футляре позвоночного столба расположен спинной мозг, от которого отходят корешки нервов ко всем органам и тканям организма. Являясь проводником нервных импульсов, исходящих от головного мозга, спинной мозг делится на сегменты, отвечающие за работу разных структур организма.

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Питание для здоровья суставов – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Суставы – это подвижные соединения костей, покрытые суставной сумкой, внутри которой находится синовиальная (смазывающая) жидкость. Суставы расположены там, где происходит явное движение: сгибание и разгибание, отведение и приведение, вращение.

Суставы делятся на простые (состоящие из двух костей) и сложные (объединяющие три и более кости). Вокруг них располагаются околосуставные ткани: мышцы, связки, сухожилия, сосуды и нервы, которые отвечают за нормальную работоспособность сустава.

Любое негативное воздействие, оказанное на прилегающие ткани, немедленно отражается на работе сустава.

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Питание для здоровья сухожилий – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Сухожилие – это соединительнотканная часть мышцы, один конец которой плавно переходит в поперечно-полосатую мышцу, а другой – прикрепляется к скелету.

Основной функцией сухожилия, является передача мышечного усилия костям. Только в этом случае может быть выполнена требуемая работа.

Сухожилия делятся на длинные и короткие, плоские и цилиндрические, широкие и узкие. Кроме того, бывают сухожилия, которые разделяют мышцы на несколько частей и сухожилия, соединяющие две кости в сухожильную дугу.

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Питание для костного мозга – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Елисеева Татьяна  , Ткачева Наталья
Published: December 2023

Костный мозг – самый главный орган кроветворной системы человека. Он располагается внутри трубчатых, плоских и коротких костей. Отвечает за процесс создания новых клеток крови, взамен погибших. Также он является ответственным за иммунитет.

Костный мозг – единственный орган, в котором содержится большое количество стволовых клеток. При поражении того или иного органа, стволовые клетки направляются к месту поражения и дифференцируются в клетки данного органа.

К сожалению, ученым пока еще не удалось разгадать все секреты стволовых клеток. Но когда-нибудь, возможно, это произойдет, что увеличит продолжительность жизни людей, а может быть, даже приведет к их бессмертию.

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Питание для здоровья лимфы – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Человеческая жизнь, без присутствия в ней лимфатических сосудов, находилась бы в постоянной опасности перед множеством патогенных микроорганизмов. Именно лимфатическая система играет роль биологического фильтра, который защищает организм от вирусов, бактерий, раковых клеток и прочих отрицательных факторов современной экологии.

Состоит лимфатическая система из узлов, соединенных сосудами. По ним, круглые сутки циркулирует бесцветная жидкость, не содержащая эритроцитов, но богатая лимфоцитами – лимфа. В результате циркуляции, лимфа из дальних отделов организма, поступает к центральным, проходящим вблизи крупных вен, на которых размещены лимфатические узлы. В лимфатических узлах лимфа очищается от загрязнений и, обогащенная антителами, течет дальше.

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Питание для мозга – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Головной мозг – самый важный орган человека. Он отвечает за правильное функционирование всех органов и систем организма.

Состоит из двух полушарий (правого и левого), мозжечка и мозгового ствола. Представлен клетками двух типов: мозговыми клетками серого цвета и нейронами – нервными клетками белого цвета.

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Student Perspectives While Serving Asylum Seekers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hanna Kristiana , Dasani Divya , Jayapal Aishwarrya , Shah Sapan , Adam Octavian
Published: December 2023

Background: Medical student-run asylum clinics, which support asylum seekers with medical/psychological evaluations provided by asylum clinics, have significantly expanded in the United States in the last ten years, but minimal data reviews the impact of a program like this on the professional development of providers and students. This study analyzes how student participation impacts cultural competency and professional adeptness. 

Methods: Fifty-eight CDAC (n=26) and non-CDAC (n=32) participants were surveyed on demographics, comfort, and experiences interacting with asylum populations, as well as philanthropic characteristics of altruism, empathy, and compassion. Data collection and analysis were conducted using Qualtrics, R, and non-parametric testing (Mann Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test).

Results: Those who participated in CDAC endorsed greater overall experience interacting with asylum populations (p=0.01), particularly serving refugee populations (p=0.004) and having difficult conversations about physical and mental trauma (p=0.02). CDAC participants also scored higher on select measures of altruism and empathy.

Conclusion: Participation in service-learning programs is important to medical education and practice, particularly in primary care. CDAC offers a unique learning opportunity for clinicians to gain cultural competency skills while providing vital assistance to marginalized populations, even for those with no prior formal training.
Non-Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia in Yemen
Authors: Al-Sharabi Sami Mohammed Abdo Hassan , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab
Published: December 2023

Background and objective: The way we think about schizophrenia today is profoundly different from the way this illness was seen in the twentieth century. We now know that the etiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial and reflects an interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental contributors. Environmental risk factors such as pregnancy and birth complications, childhood trauma, migration, social isolation, urbanicity, and substance abuse, alone and in combination, acting at a number of levels over time, influence the individual’s likelihood to develop the disorder. There are no studies on mental health in Yemen in general and schizophrenia in particular. Thus, the aim of this study was to study  the non-genetic risk  factors of  schizophrenia. The specific objectives were to compare exposure to suspected risk factors for schizophrenia in a cohort of schizophrenia patients with those randomly selected from the community.
Methods: The researchers approached inpatient in Al-Amal Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Patients from this list were then randomly selected using the card-shuffling technique. Patients were included in the study if a review of their records confirmed a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM IV criteria, they were ≥18 years old, and had attended the clinics between the period January 2021 and December 2021.  Controls were from general population by selected randomly from the list of censuses by simple random selection from Sana’a governorate. 
Results: Regarding associated risk factors of schizophrenia, there was significant association with low income (OR= 7.1), loss work (OR=57), smoking  (OR=5.9) , Khat chewing (OR=12.4), birth complications (OR=7.2) , 1-6 Apgar scores (OR=1.8), older paternal age (OR=3.2), the spring birth  (OR=2.2), and winter birth (OR=1.9), childhood trauma (OR=1.9), cannabis  (OR=7.4), hypertension(OR=4.7) , and diabetics (OR=6.6).
Conclusion: Future research in Yemen should also explore potential protective factors in groups at risk for psychotic disorders. A new area of ​​research should involve big data and predictive models, by replacing traditional paper notes with electronic patient records.
Acute heart failure complicating acute coronary syndromes in patients admitted to Coronary Care Unit - Cardiac Center , Al-Thawra Hospital - Sanaa, Yemen
Authors: Alsagheer Nora , AL-Maimoony Taha , AL-Motarreb Hanaa AbuHadi, Ahmed , AlAnsi Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Background: Heart Failure with all its types and presentation is the end result of acute coronary syndrome. Coronary artery disease and its acute manifestations of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI, and unstable angina are remarked as acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Yemeni patients usually present themselves to hospital late due to a lack of society awareness of the symptoms of ischemic heart disease, absence of medical insurance, poverty, lack of medical aid and intensive care units (ICU), absence of ambulance services, and long distance to the facilitated hospital with equipped ICUs. Late presentation prevents giving thrombolytic therapy or performing invasive interventions within the right time. These factors in addition to other factors may contribute to the large number of heart failure post ACS. We designed this study to study the heart failure complicating acute coronary syndrome.
Results: Out of 637 patients with ACS, 294 (39%) were in heart failure complicating ACS, with a median age of 51 years. Males represent 66% (194 patients) and females 34% (100 patients). Smoking represents 36%, khat chewing 88%, hypertension 53%, dyslipidemia 31%, past history of MI 29%, and diabetes mellitus 40%. Ischemic-type chest pain represents 49% and Dyspnea as primary symptom occurred in 29% with heart failure (HF). Late presentation of more than 12 hours represents 53% (111 patients) among patients with HF complicating STEMI or LBBB MI. These patients did not receive thrombolytic therapy or primary PCI. Patients who received thrombolytic therapy represent 45% (95 patients) of patients with HF-complicating ACS. No patients received primary PCI.
Conclusions: Heart failure complicating ACS is common among our patients and associated with high in-hospital death and is mainly among young patients and related to late presentation, management with non-fibrine specific thrombolytic agents (streptokinase), and lack of STEMI catheterization team for 24 hours, seven days a week.
Outcomes of Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Al-Shehari Mohammed , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Bafalia Ahmed Salem , Jowah Haitham
Published: December 2023

Background: The occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is imperative to decrease the occurrence of clinically significant POPF to enhance the overall morbidity outcomes associated with PD. This study seeks to assess the outcomes of pancreatic fistula following PD.
Methods: This study was a combined prospective and retrospective analysis of patients who underwent PD at Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital between January 2016 and April 2021. A total of 42 patients were included in the analysis.
Results: Among the 42 patients who underwent PD, 40% were male and 60% were female. The age distribution showed that 5% of patients were under 20, 14% were between 20 and 40, and 81% were above 40. The primary indications for PD were malignant periampullary tumors in 83.3% of patients, solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas in 7.1% of patients, chronic pancreatitis in 4.76% of patients, duodenal adenocarcinoma in 2.38% of patients, and trauma in 2.38% of patients. Among the patients, 30 (71.43%) had a successful recovery without evidence of pancreatic fistula (PF), whereas 12 (28.57%) developed POPF. Among the 12 patients with POPF, 3 (7.14%) had a biochemical leak, 5 (11.9%) had a grade B fistula, and 4 (9.53%) had a grade C fistula according to the revised ISGPS definition. Of the patients with POPF, those with a biochemical leak did not experience significant morbidity and were managed conservatively. Patients with grade B fistula (5 patients) had an extended hospital stay of approximately 2-3 weeks and received percutaneous drainage as an intervention. One patient (8.33%) with grade C fistula required reoperation because of bleeding, and 3 patients (25%) developed septic shock and subsequently died, resulting in an overall mortality rate of 25% among patients with POPF.
Conclusion: POPF following PD remains a serious complication of substantial morbidity and mortality. Further improvements in the prevention, early detection, and management of POPF are necessary to reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality. Using the ISGPS definition and grading of PF aids in the clinical assessment and management of PF.
Kebijakan Kepala Sekolah dalam Pencegahan Bullying Verbal di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ma’arif Nu Malang
Authors: Armansyah Azlansyah , Arraziq M. Iqbal
Published: December 2023

Bullying verbal sering terjadi di MTs Ma’arif NU Malang. Bullying Verbal memberikan dampak negatif terhadap siswa apabila tidak diatasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menganalisis kebijakan kepala sekolah dalam mencegah perilaku bullying verbal pada siswa MTs Ma’arif NU Malang, (2) menganalisis perilaku bullying verbal pada siswa MTs Ma’arif NU Malang, (3) menganalisis penyebab terbentuknya perilaku bullying verbal pada siswa MTs Ma’arif NU Malang, (4) menganalisis implikasi kebijakan kepala sekolah dalam menangani pencegahan bullying verbal pada siswa MTs Ma’arif NU Malang. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Sumber data yang dapat diambil melalui subjek, kepala sekolah, guru BK, wali kelas, guru-guru, siswa dan orang tua siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan cara mereduksi data yang tidak relevan, memaparkan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1) Kebijakan kepala sekolah dalam pencegahan bullying verbal dengan cara mengarahkan guru-guru untuk melakukan pendekatan dan memberi teladan kepada siswa, segera menegur dan menasehati bagi pelaku bullying verbal, memberi hukuman yang mendidik jika pelaku masih mengulangi bullying verbal, menyerahkan pelaku bullying verbal kepada guru BK (2) Bentuk bullying verbal yang dilakukan siswa MTs Ma’arif NU Malang berupa kata “dancok”, “goblok”, “gundulmu”, “raimu”, memanggil dengan nama orang tua dan menghina dengan kata “banci”. (3) Terbentuknya perilaku bullying verbal pada siswa MTs Ma’arif NU Malang disebabkan oleh rasa berkuasa, rasa ingin diperhatikan, iseng dan hiburan. (4) Implikasi kebijakan kepala sekolah terbukti dirasakan siswa dan orang tua siswa.
Effect of crop-establishment method, tillage, irrigation and nitrogen on production potential of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: S.S. Parihar
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy and winter seasons of 1999-2000 to 2001-2002 to assess the method of crop-establishment and irrigation schedule in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and tillage and nitrogen levels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) after rice. Puddling and transplanting of rice seedlings along with irrigation scheduled at 1 or 3 days after infiltration of ponded water gave higher yield and nutrient uptake than other treatment combinations. Rice grown under unpuddled condition required more irrigations without the additional advantage in grain yield over puddled condition. In case of wheat, grown after rice, tillage level, i.e. cultivator twice + rotavator once was optimum for good seed-bed and grain yield of wheat. Under zero tillage sig- nificantly less wheat yield was compared to all the other tillage teatments. Consumptive use of water in wheat did not differ appreciably because the number of irrigation was similar to all the treatments.
Effect of green-manuring through Sesbania cannabina and Sesbania rostrata and nitrogen application through urea to maize (Zea mays) in maize-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: R.C.TIWARI  , P.K. SHARMA  , S.K. KHANDELWAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during 1998-99 and 1999-2000 using 'Ganga 2' maize (Zea mays L.) and 'Raj. 3077' wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) varieties in maize-wheat cropping system with 3 green-manuring treatment, viz. given-manuring with Sesbania cannabina, Sesbania rostrata and without green- manuring, in maize crop and 5 levels of nitrogen, viz. No, N,,, N,, N,, and N,,, in subplots. Green-manuring with S. cannabina and S. rostrata with 90 kg Nlha to maize crop increased grain yield by 10.69 and 10.49 qlha over the control respectively. Sesbania cannabina and S. rostrata alone increased maize grain yield by 2.87 and 2.77 qlha over the control respectively. Green-manuring either of the Sesbania species + 30 kg Nlha gave maize yield at par with 90 kg Nlha alone. It indicated that green-manuring was equivalent to 60 kg nitrogen. Green-ma- nuring with S. cannabina also increased the grain yield (30.27 qlha). Application of 90 kg Nlha with and without Sesbania species in maize crop also significantly increased the grain yield (29.07 qlha) of succeeding wheat crop over that of the control (24.69 qlha).
Effect of fertility levels and herbicides on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: R.K. SlNGH  , K.N. NAMDEO
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 1999 and 2000, to find out the effect of fertility levels and herbicides on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The fertility level up to N4,P4,K,, + 25 kg ZnSO, + foliar spray of micronutrient mixture (thrice) proved the best, producing 6.34 qlha extra grain and Rs 6,9681ha extra net return over no fertility level. Hand-weeding (20 and 40 days after sow- ing) showed 72% weed-control efficiency with additional grain yield up to 9.91 qlha and net return up to Rs 5,0421ha over unweeded control. Pendimethalin 1.0 kglha or anilophos 0.40 kglha each with 2,4-D (Na-salt) 0.60 kglha showed 50 to 51% weed-control efficiency and proved the best substitute of hand-weeding (twice), the ex- tra net return being Rs 3,689 and Rs 3,074/ha, respectively, over unweeded control. The seed protein and nutri- .ent uptake were also increased significantly with increasing fertility levels and the herbicides over their respec- tive controls.
Influence of delayed basal dressing and split application of nitrogen in wet-seeded rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: R. NAGESWARI  , P. BALASUBRAMANIAYAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during samba (September-January) 1998-99 and 1999-2000 to study the effect of skipping basal dressing and split application of nitrogen in wet-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Skipping basal N and applying it 21 days after sowing increased the plant height, leaf-area index (LAI) and dry-matter production (DMP). Split application of N in 5 splits promoted these parameters significantly. These treatments increased the yield parameters and yield of wet-seeded rice. Delayed basal application of N at 21 days after sowing (DAS) and fractional application N in 5 splits increased the soil available nutrients and N uptake. Fertilizer-use efficiency, viz. N-use efficiency and recovery fraction, also increased by adopting this method of N application.
Effect of phosphorus and zinc nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in soils of sub-humid southern plains of Rajasthan
Authors: VlNAY SINGH  , RAJVlR SINGH PAUDIA  , K.L. TOTAWAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the individual and interactive effect of P and Zn on yield, nutrient composition and uptake of nutrients in wheat (Tn'ticurn aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). The grain and straw yields increased significantly with increasing doses of P and Zn. The interaction between P and Zn also had significantly beneficial effect on the yields of wheat. The content and uptake of N by wheat grain and straw increased significantly with P and Zn application. The content of P in grain and straw decreased but its uptake increased with applied Zn. There was adverse effect of higher level of Zn on P uptake and vice-versa. The content and uptake of Zn increased significantly with increasing levels of Zn. Variation of P : Zn ratio due to increasing level of P also indicated the reduction in Zn content in grain and straw.
Effect of row space and nitrogen interaction on seed-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield under irrigated conditions of Turkey - YASAR KASAP1 AND FATlH KILL1 Field Crops Department, K.S. U. Agricultural Facz~lty, Kahmmanmaras, Turkey,
Authors: YASAR KASAPI  , FATIH KILLI
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted during 2001-2002 at the experimental area of Agricultural Research Institute of Kahramanmaras, to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kglha) and the dif- ferent row spaces (60, 70 and 80 cm) on plant height, number of monopodial and sympodial branches, number of bollslplant, seed-cotton weight and seed-cotton yield and the effect of row spaces x nitrogen interaction in cot- ton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Number of monopodial and sympodial branches and seed-cotton yield in 2001 and 2002, and plant height and bollslplant in 2001 were affected by row spacing. The highest seed-cotton yield was obtained with 60 cm row space. All of the investigated properties except seed-cotton weightlboll were affected by nitrogen application doses and the highest seed-cotton yield was obtained with the 200-250 kg Nlha. The effect of row space x nitrogen interaction was generally significant, except plant height. The result showed that the ef- fect of different nitrogen treatments could be changed according to the different row spaces.
Influence sf drip irrigation on nut characters and yield of coconut (Cocos nucifera) in laterite soil
Authors: R. DHANAPAL  , H.P. MAHESWARAPPA  , P. SUBRAMANIAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted with 'Chowghat Orange Dwarf' ('COD') x 'West Coast Tall' (WCT') and 'West Coast Tall' coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) cultivars under laterite soil condition, to study the influence of drip irriga- tion on nut yield and nut characters during 1993-1 999 at Kasaragod, Kerala. The treatments consisted of 3 lev- els of drip irrigation [33, 66 and 100% of open pan evaporation (E,) daily] along with basin irrigation (100% of E,) and rainfed control. Drip irrigation at 66% of E, (27 litres waterlpalmlday during December-January and 32 litres of water1 palm per day during February-May) resulted in water saving and the nut yield was on a per with 100% throught drip and 100 % of E, through basin irrigation. Rainfed control and 33% of E, through drip treat- ments recorded significantly lower nut yield in both the cultivars. The nut characters like nut weight, copra thick- ness, and copra content were superior under irrigated treatments compared to rainfed control.
Effect of integrated sources of nutrient, puddling and irrigation schedule on pro- ductivity of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: S.S. PARIHAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1999-2000 to 2001-2002 at Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, to evaluate the effect of level of puddling along with integrated sources of nutrients and irrigation schedule to rice (Oryza sativa L.) and it residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) productivity in rice-wheat cropping system. Conventional (3 passes with cultivator + 2 plankings) and reduced (through rice puddler) puddling had not much significant difference in yields. However, grain yields obtained with 80 kg Nlha (50% through green manure + 50% through urea) were comparable to 80 kg Nlha (50% through FYM + 50% through urea), but both were significantly higher than 80 kg N through urea. Similarly, irrigation schedule had a significant effect and it was found that 1 day drainage period after disappearance of 7 2 cm ponded water recorded higher yield but comparable to 3 days drying period. However, 5 days drainage period resulted in significantly lower yield than 1 and 3 days. Level of puddling and irrigation shedule followed during the rainy-season rice had no residual effect on wheat yield, but integrated sources of nutrients (organic + inorganic) had residual effect on succeeding wheat yield and nutrient uptake of rice-whet system.