bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of (E)-2-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-3-phenylacrylenenitrile derivatives catalyzed by new ZnO nanoparticles embedded in a thermally stable magnetic periodic mesoporous organosilica under green conditions
Authors: Safapoor Sajedeh , Dekamin Mohammad G. , Akbari Arezoo , Naimi-Jamal M. Reza
Published: June 2022

ZnO nanoparticles embedded in a magnetic isocyanurate-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (Fe3O4@PMO–ICS–ZnO) were prepared through a modified environmentally-benign procedure for the first time and properly characterized by appropriate spectroscopic and analytical methods or techniques used for mesoporous materials. The new thermally stable Fe3O4@PMO–ICS–ZnO nanomaterial with proper active sites and surface area as well as uniform particle size was investigated for the synthesis of medicinally important tetrazole derivatives through cascade condensation and concerted 1,3-cycloaddition reactions as a representative of the Click Chemistry concept. The desired 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole derivatives were smoothly prepared in high to quantitative yields and good purity in EtOH under reflux conditions. Low catalyst loading, short reaction time and the use of green solvents such as EtOH and water instead of carcinogenic DMF as well as easy separation and recyclability of the catalyst for at least five consecutive runs without significant loss of its activity are notable advantages of this new protocol compared to other recent introduced procedures.
Graph convolutional networks fusing motif-structure information
Authors: Wang Bin , Cheng LvHang , Sheng JinFang , Hou ZhengAng , Chang YaoXing
Published: June 2022

With the advent of the wave of big data, the generation of more and more graph data brings great pressure to the traditional deep learning model. The birth of graph neural network fill the gap of deep learning in graph data. At present, graph convolutional networks (GCN) have surpassed traditional methods such as network embedding in node classification. However, The existing graph convolutional networks only consider the edge structure information of first-order neighbors as the bridge of information aggregation in a convolution operation, which undoubtedly loses the higher-order structure information in complex networks. In order to capture more abundant information of the graph topology and mine the higher-order information in complex networks, we put forward our own graph convolutional networks model fusing motif-structure information. By identifying the motif-structure in the network, our model fuses the motif-structure information of nodes to study the aggregation feature weights, which enables nodes to aggregate higher-order network information, thus improving the capability of GCN model. Finally, we conduct node classification experiments in several real networks, and the experimental results show that the GCN model fusing motif-structure information can improve the accuracy of node classification.
Antiprotozoal activity of different Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacterial secondary metabolites and identification of bioactive compounds using the easyPACId approach
Authors: Gulsen Sebnem Hazal , Tileklioglu Evren , Bode Edna , Cimen Harun , Ertabaklar Hatice , Ulug Derya , Ertug Sema , Wenski Sebastian L. , Touray Mustapha , Hazir Canan , Bilecenoglu Duygu Kaya , Yildiz Ibrahim , Bode Helge B. , Hazir Selcuk
Published: June 2022

Natural products have been proven to be important starting points for the development of new drugs. Bacteria in the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus produce antimicrobial compounds as secondary metabolites to compete with other organisms. Our study is the first comprehensive study screening the anti-protozoal activity of supernatants containing secondary metabolites produced by 5 Photorhabdus and 22 Xenorhabdus species against human parasitic protozoa, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmania tropica and Trypanosoma cruzi, and the identification of novel bioactive antiprotozoal compounds using the easyPACId approach (easy Promoter Activated Compound Identification) method. Though not in all species, both bacterial genera produce antiprotozoal compounds effective on human pathogenic protozoa. The promoter exchange mutants revealed that antiprotozoal bioactive compounds produced by Xenorhabdus bacteria were fabclavines, xenocoumacins, xenorhabdins and PAX peptides. Among the bacteria assessed, only P. namnaoensis appears to have acquired amoebicidal property which is effective on E. histolytica trophozoites. These discovered antiprotozoal compounds might serve as starting points for the development of alternative and novel pharmaceutical agents against human parasitic protozoa in the future.
Pattern reinstatement and attentional control overlap during episodic long-term memory retrieval
Authors: Sabo Melinda , Schneider Daniel
Published: June 2022

Episodic long-term memory (eLTM) retrieval involves the reinstatement of neural patterns from the encoding phase. However, recent evidence suggests that comparable cortical activity patterns can also be linked to attentional control processes on the level of memory representations. The current investigation assesses these two processes independently based on alpha-beta-band activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG). During encoding, subjects were presented with an object on a certain position on the screen and had to imagine it on a new position. In each trial, either the task-irrelevant presentation position or the task-relevant imagination position was lateralized. In the retrieval phase, subjects first made an old/new judgement based on centrally presented objects and then reported the imagination position. Pattern reinstatement should be reflected in similar lateralized alpha-beta activity during encoding and retrieval. Conversely, the influence of attentional control processes during retrieval would be associated with the suppression of alpha-beta power contralateral to the to-be-reported imagination position and with the increase of activity contralateral to the irrelevant presentation position. Our results support this latter pattern. This shows that an experimental differentiation between selective attention and pattern reinstatement processes is necessary when studying the neural basis of eLTM retrieval.
Viscoelastic bandgap in multilayers of inorganic–organic nanolayer interfaces
Authors: Khadka Rajan , Ramanath Ganpati , Keblinski Pawel
Published: June 2022

Incorporating molecular nanolayers (MNLs) at inorganic interfaces offers promise for reaping unusual enhancements in fracture energy, thermal and electrical transport. Here, we reveal that multilayering MNL-bonded inorganic interfaces can result in viscoelastic damping bandgaps. Molecular dynamics simulations of Au/octanedithiol MNL/Au multilayers reveal high-damping-loss frequency bands at 33 ≤ ν ≤ 77 GHz and 278 ≤ ν ≤ 833 GHz separated by a low-loss bandgap 77 ≤ ν ≤ 278 GHz region. The viscoelastic bandgap scales with the Au/MNL interface bonding strength and density, and MNL coverage. These results and the analyses of interfacial vibrations indicate that the viscoelastic bandgap is an interface effect that cannot be explained by weighted averages of bulk responses. These findings prognosticate a variety of possibilities for accessing and tuning novel dynamic mechanical responses in materials systems and devices with significant inorganic–organic interface fractions for many applications, e.g., smart composites and sensors with self-healing/-destructing mechanical responses.
Model architecture can transform catastrophic forgetting into positive transfer
Authors: Ruiz-Garcia Miguel
Published: June 2022

The work of McCloskey and Cohen popularized the concept of catastrophic interference. They used a neural network that tried to learn addition using two groups of examples as two different tasks. In their case, learning the second task rapidly deteriorated the acquired knowledge about the previous one. We hypothesize that this could be a symptom of a fundamental problem: addition is an algorithmic task that should not be learned through pattern recognition. Therefore, other model architectures better suited for this task would avoid catastrophic forgetting. We use a neural network with a different architecture that can be trained to recover the correct algorithm for the addition of binary numbers. This neural network includes conditional clauses that are naturally treated within the back-propagation algorithm. We test it in the setting proposed by McCloskey and Cohen and training on random additions one by one. The neural network not only does not suffer from catastrophic forgetting but it improves its predictive power on unseen pairs of numbers as training progresses. We also show that this is a robust effect, also present when averaging many simulations. This work emphasizes the importance that neural network architecture has for the emergence of catastrophic forgetting and introduces a neural network that is able to learn an algorithm.
Flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment over time and outcome of different treatment regimens
Authors: Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Mehrabi Bahar Mohammadreza , Riazi-esfahani Hamid , Pour Elias Khalili , Ghassemi Fariba , Faghihi Hooshang , Mirshahi Ahmad , Roohipourmoallai Ramak , Lashay Alireza , Mahmoudi Alireza , Fadakar Kaveh
Published: June 2022

To present long-term visual and structural outcome of treatment in two forms of flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment (FIPED): avascular (aFIPED) and vascularized (vFIPED) in eyes within pachychoroid spectrum. Prospective interventional case series. FIPED were classified into two subgroups; aFIPED and vFIPED based on OCTA. aFIPED underwent PDT, and vFIPED underwent either PDT, IVB, or combination of PDT&IVB. Vision, subretinal or intraretinal fluid, and choroidal biomarkers such as choroidal thickness, area, choroidal vascular index (CVI), and PED area were measured at baseline and last follow-up. Fifteen eyes with aFIPED were followed for a mean of 14.7 ± 10.8 months. Their vision improved, (0.44 ± 0.37–0.33 ± 0.40 LogMAR, p = 0.009) with significant reduction of fluid, choroidal area, thickness, PED area and increase in CVI. Twenty eyes with vFIPED were followed for a mean of 16.5 ± 8.2 months. The same pattern of choroidal alterations without visual improvement was observed in eyes underwent PDT alone. Combination therapy resulted in improvement of vision (0.38 ± 0.10–0.23 ± 0.17 LogMAR, p = 0.006) with reduction of choroidal area and thickness, with an increase in CVI. IVB alone could not change vision or choroidal structure. Single session PDT may lead to sustained visual improvement and structural change in eyes with aFIPED. Combination of PDT and IVB may be a better choice in eyes with vFIPED.
Privacy-preserving for assembly deviation prediction in a machine learning model of hydraulic equipment under value chain collaboration
Authors: Qiu Hao , Feng Yixiong , Hong Zhaoxi , Li Kangjie , Tan Jianrong
Published: June 2022

Hydraulic equipment, as a typical mechanical product, has been wildly used in various fields. Accurate acquisition and secure transmission of assembly deviation data are the most critical issues for hydraulic equipment manufacturer in the PLM-oriented value chain collaboration. Existing deviation prediction methods are mainly used for assembly quality control, which concentrate in the product design and assembly stage. However, the actual assembly deviations generated in the service stage can be used to guide the equipment maintenance and tolerance design. In this paper, a high-fidelity prediction and privacy-preserving method is proposed based on the observable assembly deviations. A hierarchical graph attention network (HGAT) is established to predict the assembly feature deviations. The hierarchical generalized representation and differential privacy reconstruction techniques are also introduced to generate the graph attention network model for assembly deviation privacy-preserving. A derivation gradient matrix is established to calculate the defined modified necessary index of assembly parts. Two privacy-preserving strategies are designed to protect the assembly privacy of node representation and adjacent relationship. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated by a case study with a four-column hydraulic press.
Divergent encoding of active avoidance behavior in corticostriatal and corticolimbic projections
Authors: Kajs Bridget L. , Loewke Adrienne C. , Dorsch Jeffrey M. , Vinson Leah T. , Gunaydin Lisa A.
Published: June 2022

Active avoidance behavior, in which an animal performs an action to avoid a stressor, is crucial for survival and may provide insight into avoidance behaviors seen in anxiety disorders. Active avoidance requires the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), which is thought to regulate avoidance via downstream projections to the striatum and amygdala. However, the endogenous activity of dmPFC projections during active avoidance learning has never been recorded. Here we utilized fiber photometry to record from the dmPFC and its axonal projections to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) during active avoidance learning in both male and female mice. We examined neural activity during conditioned stimulus (CS) presentations and during clinically relevant behaviors such as active avoidance or cued freezing. Both prefrontal projections showed learning-related increases in activity during CS onset throughout active avoidance training. The dmPFC as a whole showed increased and decreased patterns of activity during avoidance and cued freezing, respectively. Finally, dmPFC-DMS and dmPFC-BLA projections show divergent encoding of active avoidance behavior, with the dmPFC-DMS projection showing increased activity and the dmPFC-BLA projection showing decreased activity during active avoidance. Our results demonstrate task-relevant encoding of active avoidance in projection-specific dmPFC subpopulations that play distinct but complementary roles in active avoidance learning.
Risk factors for visual field progression in newly diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma patients in Sweden
Authors: Ayala Marcelo
Published: June 2022

The present study aimed to identify risk factors for visual field progression in newly diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma patients. Prospective nonrandomized cohort study. The study included patients with newly diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma. All patients were followed for at least 3 years with reliable visual fields. Both risk factors at inclusion and during the 3-year follow-up were considered. For inclusion, five reliable visual fields were needed. Exfoliation glaucoma was defined based on the European Glaucoma Society guidelines. Visual field evaluation was performed using the 24–2 strategy of Humphrey field analysis. Outcomes: Visual field progression. Three different approaches were used: mean deviation, visual field index, and guided progression analysis. Independent variables were tested first in a univariate linear or regression model. The significant variables were retested in a multivariate linear or logistic regression model. The results were different for the MD, VFI and GPA models. The only variable that showed a significant association in the three models was age (p = 0.004; p = 0.006; p = 0.04). Significant variables in the two models were IOP at diagnosis (p = 0.02; p = 0.04), IOP reduction in absolute terms (p = 0.006; p = 0.003), IOP reduction in relative terms (%) (p = 0.04; p = 0.009) and number of medicines (p = 0.02; p = 0.002). Significant variables in one model were family history (p = 0.04), smoking (p = 0.03), cataract surgery (p = 0.04) and SLT treatment (p ≤ 0.001). Exfoliation glaucoma is a fast progressive glaucoma. Age at diagnosis must be considered. Significant IOP reduction must be achieved to slow down progress in exfoliation glaucoma. The use of SLT treatment should be advised in exfoliation glaucoma patients.
Collective skyrmion motion under the influence of an additional interfacial spin-transfer torque
Authors: MacKinnon Callum R. , Zeissler Katharina , Finizio Simone , Raabe Jörg , Marrows Christopher H. , Mercer Tim , Bissell Philip R. , Lepadatu Serban
Published: June 2022

Here we study the effect of an additional interfacial spin-transfer torque, as well as the well-established spin–orbit torque and bulk spin-transfer torque, on skyrmion collections—group of skyrmions dense enough that they are not isolated from one another—in ultrathin heavy metal/ferromagnetic multilayers, by comparing modelling with experimental results. Using a skyrmion collection with a range of skyrmion diameters and landscape disorder, we study the dependence of the skyrmion Hall angle on diameter and velocity, as well as the velocity as a function of diameter. We show that inclusion of the interfacial spin-transfer torque results in reduced skyrmion Hall angles, with values close to experimental results. We also show that for skyrmion collections the velocity is approximately independent of diameter, in marked contrast to the motion of isolated skyrmions, as the group of skyrmions move together at an average group velocity. Moreover, the calculated skyrmion velocities are comparable to those obtained in experiments when the interfacial spin-transfer torque is included. Our results thus show the significance of the interfacial spin-transfer torque in ultrathin magnetic multilayers, which helps to explain the low skyrmion Hall angles and velocities observed in experiment. We conclude that the interfacial spin-transfer torque should be considered in numerical modelling for reproduction of experimental results.
Undrained stability of dual tunnels in layered soils with different strength
Authors: Zeng Yongge , Zeng Tianqin , Wu Gaoqiao
Published: June 2022

The stability of dual circle tunnels buried in layered soils with different shear strengths was investigated by using finite element limit analysis (FELA). The emphasis of this study is in quantitating that the existing tunnels affects the newly-built one, and design suggestions have been provided especially in the optimum location of construction. By imposing a FELA modelling, the variation trends of undrained bearing capacity with different influential factors, including the horizontal distance, vertical distance, the thickness of the top layer, the shear strength ratio of the layered soil, were further investigated. It is concluded that there exists an inclination-fixed worst-band, in which there would be a worst undrained stability once the bottom tunnel was constructed in the band. It is interested that the inclination seems constant by varying several factors but the horizontal distance would be changed with the soil properties. In addition, three patterns of collapse were summarized.
Association between dietary acid load and metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents
Authors: Rezazadegan Mahsa , Mirzaei Saeideh , Asadi Ali , Akhlaghi Masoumeh , Saneei Parvane
Published: June 2022

The relationship between dietary acid load (DAL) and metabolic health status in adolescents has not been studied yet. We aimed to examine the association between DAL and metabolic health status in Iranian overweight/obese adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 203 overweight/obese adolescents selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric indices and blood pressure values were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles. Based on two methods (International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and combination of IDF with Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)), participants were classified into metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or unhealthy obese (MUO). Adolescents in the highest tertile of potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP), compared with those in the lowest tertile, had 172% (95% CI 1.32–5.59) and 161% (95% CI 1.26–5.41) higher odds of MUO status, based on IDF criteria. This association was significant after adjustment for age, sex, and energy intake (PRAL: OR 2.42; 95% CI CI 1.13–5.15; NEAP: OR 2.52; 95% CI 1.17–5.41); but it disappeared after adjustment for other confounders. Based on IDF/HOMA-IR definition, there was a significant positive association between PRAL and being MUO only in the crude model (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.13–4.96). The stratified analysis revealed that these associations for NEAP scores were stronger among overweight subjects than obese individuals, based on both metabolic status definitions. However, after adjustment for all potential confounders these relations were insignificant. Having higher DAL might be associated with higher odds of MUO phenotype in Iranian overweight/obese adolescents. More prospective studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
Alterations in rumen microbiota via oral fiber administration during early life in dairy cows
Authors: Kodithuwakku Heshan , Maruyama Daiki , Owada Hisashi , Watabe Yuto , Miura Hiroto , Suzuki Yutaka , Hirano Kazuo , Kobayashi Yasuo , Koike Satoshi
Published: June 2022

Bacterial colonization in the rumen of pre-weaned ruminants is important for their growth and post-weaning productivity. This study evaluated the effects of oral fiber administration during the pre-weaning period on the development of rumen microbiota from pre-weaning to the first lactation period. Twenty female calves were assigned to control and treatment groups (n = 10 each). Animals in both groups were reared using a standard feeding program throughout the experiment, except for oral fiber administration (50–100 g/day/animal) from 3 days of age until weaning for the treatment group. Rumen content was collected during the pre-weaning period, growing period, and after parturition. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that oral fiber administration facilitated the early establishment of mature rumen microbiota, including a relatively higher abundance ofPrevotella,Shuttleworthia,Mitsuokella, andSelenomonas. The difference in the rumen microbial composition between the dietary groups was observed even 21 days after parturition, with a significantly higher average milk yield in the first 30 days of lactation. Therefore, oral fiber administration to calves during the pre-weaning period altered rumen microbiota, and its effect might be long-lasting until the first parturition.
The contribution of Galactic TeV pulsar wind nebulae to Fermi large area telescope diffuse emission
Authors: Vecchiotti Vittoria , Pagliaroli Giulia , Villante Francesco Lorenzo
Published: June 2022

The large-scale diffuse γ − ray flux observed by Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) in the 1–100 GeV energy range, parameterized as ∝ E−Γ, has a spectral index Γ that depends on the distance from the Galactic center. This feature, if attributed to the diffuse emission produced by cosmic rays interactions with the interstellar gas, can be interpreted as the evidence of a progressive cosmic ray spectral hardening towards the Galactic center. This interpretation challenges the paradigm of uniform cosmic rays diffusion throughout the Galaxy. We report on the implications of TeV Pulsar Wind Nebulae observed by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) Galactic Plane Survey in the 1–100 TeV energy range for the interpretation of Fermi-LAT data. We argue that a relevant fraction of this population cannot be resolved by Fermi-LAT in the GeV domain providing a relevant contribution to the large-scale diffuse emission, ranging within ~4%–40% of the total diffuse γ-ray emission in the inner Galaxy. This additional component may account for a large part of the spectral index variation observed by Fermi-LAT, weakening the evidence of cosmic ray spectral hardening in the inner Galaxy.
Cenozoic South American Metatherians (Mammalia, Theria) as Indicators of Climate–Environmental Changes
Authors: Goin Francisco J. , Martin Gabriel
Published: June 2022

A noticeable aspect of metatherian evolution in South America is the influence of climatic oscillations in their macroevolutionary patterns, involving major radiations during warming phases, and extinctions and functional turnovers during cooling phases. Two aspects explain why southern metatherians were more successful than their Northern Hemisphere counterparts: a well-established presence previous to the arrival of eutherians and warm climates on a continental scale. Living South American marsupials reach a maximum species richness at the edges of tropical biomes, in areas of contact between tropical and subtropical biomes, or between subtropical and temperate biomes. Three biomes concentrate 80.6% of the records of living marsupials in South America, with tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests including the majority of them. South American marsupials are expected to suffer great losses of suitable habitat due to climate change and land conversion. Land exploitation will continue in the immediate future, probably being more disruptive to South American biomes than the current trend in global warming. We suggest that conservation efforts focusing on stenotopic species, such as those of Caenolestidae and Microbiotheriidae, should be given high priority.
Organochlorine Pesticides in Rivers from Riparian Cloud Forests: Prediction of Concentrations in the Fruit Bat Sturnira hondurensis
Authors: Valdespino C. , Sosa V. J. , Alvarado F.
Published: June 2022

Riparian forests are commonly used as a foraging site where bat species acquire both food and water. Because of their position along rivers, they are traps where organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) enter the natural cycles taking place in the river ecosystem. In this chapter, we use Bayesian inference methods to validate the utilization of OCP concentrations measured in water in the prediction of concentrations bioaccumulated by a frugivorous bat species. Microbasins in a landscape once covered by tropical montane cloud forest were the study units, and Sturnira hondurensis, the most abundant bat species captured by conventional mist-net techniques, the species used as a mammalian model.
Synthesis, solid-state, solution, and theoretical characterization of an “in-cage” scandium-NOTA complex
Authors: Aldrich Kelly E. , Popov Ivan A. , Root Harrison D. , Batista Enrique R. , Greer Samuel M. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Lilley Laura M. , Livshits Maksim Y. , Mocko Veronika , Janicke Michael T. , Scott Brian L. , Stein Benjamin W. , Yang Ping
Published: June 2022

A synthetic method was developed that encapsulated Sc3+ within the macrocyclic chelate, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (H3NOTA). Encapsulation of Sc3+ by NOTA3− was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction, 45Sc NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
Correction: A photocatalytic chip inspired from the photovoltaics of polymer-immobilized surfaces: self-assembly and other factors
Authors: Ramar Periyamuthu , Aishwarya B. V. , Samanta Debasis
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘A photocatalytic chip inspired from the photovoltaics of polymer-immobilized surfaces: self-assembly and other factors’ by Periyamuthu Ramar et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 12964–12967, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC04381A.
Correction: The hangman effect boosts hydrogen production by a manganese terpyridine complex
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Li Minghong , He Shuanglin , Xiong Ying , Zhang Ping , Huang Heyan , Chen Lin , Huang Fang , Li Fei
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘The hangman effect boosts hydrogen production by a manganese terpyridine complex’ by Qianqian Wu et al., Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 5128–5131, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC00757F.
Highly efficient and selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction using MIL-125(Ti) and based on LiFePO4 and CuO QDs surface–interface regulation
Authors: Zhou Jun , Jia Qinwei , Wang Luyu , Zhao Yuhang , Ma Xiaofan , Gong Lei , Zhang Haonan , Zuo Tong
Published: June 2022

In this study, CuO quantum dots were encapsulated in a MIL-125(Ti) MOF via a simple oxidation method.
Encapsulating electron-deficient dyes into metal–organic capsules to achieve high reduction potentials
Authors: Yuan Jiayou , Wei Zhong , Shen Kesheng , Yang Yang , Liu Mingxu , Jing Xu , Duan Chunying
Published: June 2022

The host–guest system constructed by incorporating the electron-deficient dyes, anthraquinones, into electron-rich metal–organic capsules has successfully achieved efficient photocatalytic reduction of aryl chloridesviamultiphoton excitation.
Phase-sensitive radioluminescence and photoluminescence features in Tm3+-doped yttrium tantalates for cyan and white light generation
Authors: Labaki Hayra do Prado , Caixeta Fábio José , Marques Natasha Policei , José Guidelli Éder , Rocha Gonçalves Rogéria
Published: June 2022

Radioluminescence and visible photoluminescence tunability features from a single Tm3+-doped yttrium tantalate phosphor prepared by a soft sol–gel method designed to afford cubic Y3TaO7 and monoclinic M′-YTaO4 crystalline phases are reported.
A phosphorus-doped potassium peroxyniobate electrocatalyst with enriched oxygen vacancies boosts electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia
Authors: Fan Shuhui , Zhao Fei , Wang Xuansheng , Wang Qi , Zhao Qiang , Li Jinping , Liu Guang
Published: June 2022

A KNb3O8 electrocatalyst with phosphorus doping and abundant oxygen vacancy presents a rate of 23.01 μg h−1 mgcat−1 for NH3 production at −0.45 VRHE and an FE of 39.77% at −0.4 VRHE in 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte under ambient conditions.
Functionalization of insulin nanofibrils with fluorophores involved in cascade Förster resonance energy transfer
Authors: Gorbenko Galyna , Tarabara Uliana , Zhytniakivska Olga , Vus Kateryna , Trusova Valeriya
Published: June 2022

Insulin amyloid nanofibrils functionalized by an ensemble of cascade FRET fluorophores represent a promising type of soft photoluminescent material.
Flexible CuS-embedded human serum albumin hollow nanocapsules with peroxidase-like activity for synergistic sonodynamic and photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Haijiao , Tao Jun , Xu Chaoli , Tian Ying , Lu Guangming , Yang Bin , Teng Zhaogang
Published: June 2022

Flexible CuS-embedded human serum albumin hollow nanocapsules with peroxidase-like activity, a longer blood circulation time and higher tumor accumulation are prepared for synergistic sonodynamic and photothermal therapy for breast cancer.
Ni single atoms supported on hierarchically porous carbonized wood with highly active Ni–N4sites as a self-supported electrode for superior CO2electroreduction
Authors: Chang Huaiyu , Pan Hui , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhengguo , Kang Yaming , Min Shixiong
Published: June 2022

A self-supported single-atom electrocatalyst was developed by anchoring Ni single atoms on porous N-doped carbonized wood (Ni SAs-NCW), showing a high performance in CO2electroreduction and potential to be integrated into the flow cell system.
Coordinated regulation of phosphorus/nitrogen doping in fullerene-derived hollow carbon spheres and their synergistic effect for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Meng Fancang , Wang Suwei , Jiang Bohong , Ju Li , Xie Haijiao , Jiang Wei , Ji Qingmin
Published: June 2022

The co-doping of phosphorous/nitrogen in fullerene-derived hollow carbon spheres by the chemical modification and assembly of C60s, leads to a superior catalytic performance of the ORR.
A large-scale deep-blue tetraphenylbenzene-bridged hybridized local and charge transfer fluorophore exhibiting small efficiency roll-off and low amplified spontaneous emission threshold
Authors: Ying Shian , Lv Jichen , Li Yuanzhao , Huo Yumiao , Liu Yuchao , Ma Dongge , Peng Ling , Yan Shouke
Published: June 2022

A deep-blue HLCT emitter PTPC achieved a high EQE of 6.78% in a non-doped OLED as well as a low ASE threshold of 1.18 μJ cm−2.
Cellulose derived Pd nano-catalyst for efficient catalysis
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Long Siyu , Jiao Huibin , Liu Zhuoyue , Zhang Ping , Lei Aiwen , Gong Wei , Pei Xianglin
Published: June 2022

We report a C–Pd catalyst derived from a renewable cellulose resource that exhibited excellent catalytic activity and reusability in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction.
Rational design of 1D NiMoO4/0D CdS heterostructures for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light
Authors: Abd El-Aal Mohamed , Saleh Mahmoud R. , El-Bery Haitham M.
Published: June 2022

The well-established CdS-NiMoO4 nano-heterojunction showed superior photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation with efficient photostability.
Time–strain inseparability in multiaxial stress relaxation of supramolecular gels formed via host–guest interactions
Authors: Kimura Takuro , Aoyama Takuma , Nakahata Masaki , Takashima Yoshinori , Tanaka Motomu , Harada Akira , Urayama Kenji
Published: June 2022

Time and strain effects on stress are not separable in supramolecular gels utilizing host–guest interactions in contrast to a dual cross-link gel with covalent and transient cross-links in which the separability was validated by the same assessment.
Correction: Non-linear elastic properties of actin patches to partially rescue yeast endocytosis efficiency in the absence of the cross-linker Sac6
Authors: Belbahri Reda , Michelot Alphée , Heuvingh Julien , du Roure Olivia
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Non-linear elastic properties of actin patches to partially rescue yeast endocytosis efficiency in the absence of the cross-linker Sac6’ by Belbahri Reda et al., Soft Matter, 2022, 18, 1479–1488, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SM01437D.
Involving Caregivers of Autistic Toddlers in Early Intervention: Common Practice or Exception to the Norm?
Authors: Lee Jordan , Kaat Aaron J. , Roberts Megan Y.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

Family-centered practice (FCP) is a core component of early intervention (EI) associated with improved child and family outcomes, but little is known about community-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') inclusion of families in EI. Many caregivers of autistic children experience caregiving-related stress, making these intervention principles especially critical to the provision of optimal services. This study aimed to characterize EI SLPs' use of FCP coaching strategies and the quality of caregiver–SLP relationships.

Method:

Participants included 25 families with an autistic toddler and their EI SLP. One intervention session for each SLP–family dyad was recorded and coded for the SLP's use of FCP coaching strategies. Caregivers and SLPs completed surveys about their working alliance, caregiver perceptions of family-centered care, and SLPs' approach to FCP.

Results:

SLPs primarily use child-directed strategies without caregiver involvement. When involving caregivers, SLPs infrequently use coaching strategies that are important for caregiver learning and collaboration (e.g., joint planning and guided practice with feedback). However, caregivers perceived their child's services to be highly family-centered, and caregivers and SLPs rated their working alliance to be of high quality.

Conclusions:

The presence of strong caregiver–SLP working alliances alongside infrequent usage of effective coaching strategies indicates that SLPs may engage caregivers in ways that are perceived to be highly collaborative but are not optimal for caregiver involvement in all aspects of their child's services (goal setting and implementation of intervention). Consideration of family preferences and SLP beliefs about FCP will inform ways to disseminate FCPs needed to optimize families' capacities to support their child's development.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20113550
Comparison of Validated Videofluoroscopic Outcomes of Pharyngeal Residue: Concordance Between a Perceptual, Ordinal, and Bolus-Based Rating Scale and a Normalized Pixel-Based Quantitative Outcome
Authors: Donohue Cara , Robison Raele , DiBiase Lauren , Anderson Amber , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Plowman Emily K.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

This study compared the concordance between two validated videofluoroscopic pharyngeal residue outcome scales used in clinical and research settings: the Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) and the Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics and Timing (ASPEKT) percent residue metric.

Method:

Two trained raters completed independent and blinded videofluoroscopic ratings of both DIGEST efficiency and ASPEKT percent pharyngeal residue outcomes for bolus trials of 5 cc Varibar thin liquid (
n
= 223), thin liquid comfortable cup sips (
n
= 223), and 5 cc Varibar thin honey (
n
= 223). Spearman's rho and Kruskal–Wallis analyses were performed for each bolus type.

Results:

Significant associations between DIGEST and ASPEKT pharyngeal residue outcomes were noted for 5 cc thin (
r
= .54,
p
< .001), cup sip thin (
r
= .41,
p
< .001), and 5 cc thin honey (
r
= .60,
p
< .001) bolus trials. ASPEKT percent residue increased across worsening DIGEST efficiency ordinal scale levels, with a main effect for each bolus type. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences in the ASPEKT percent residue values between each DIGEST pairwise comparison for the thin cup sip bolus trial and for each pairwise comparison except between the moderate-to-severe (less than half vs. majority) ordinal levels for the 5 cc thin and 5 cc honey bolus trials,
p
< .05.

Conclusions:

Perceptual, ordinal (DIGEST) and quantitative, pixel-based (ASPEKT) videofluoroscopic pharyngeal residue outcomes were associated in this data set of 669 bolus trials. Future research is warranted to confirm these results.
AugMoCrack: Augmented morphological attention network for weakly supervised crack detection
Authors: Hong Younggi , Lee Sung‐Jin , Yoo Seok Bong
Published: June 2022

Most crack‐detection methods adopt a pixel‐level segmentation‐based approach, which requires considerable time and complexity to detect the pixel area of the crack. Unlike a pixel‐level segmentation‐based approach, in this paper, the authors proposed an AugMoCrack network, a bounding box‐level crack detection approach for weakly supervised crack detection achieved by augmenting the training data with Poisson blending, as well as high‐frequency discrete cosine transform‐based features. The proposed AugMoCrack detects the box position of the crack object from a morphological perspective, such as neighbour connectivity within the crack pixels and crack‐area fitting. Based on this perspective, the authors also proposed new morphological attention loss functions for considering the neighbour connectivity and the box area border. Specifically, the authors trained the AugMoCrack network using two datasets and verified its performance based on 591 validation images in the concrete crack dataset and 672 validation images in the Crack500 dataset. Compared with the baseline architecture, with the authors’ proposed network, the authors achieved increases of approximately 4.5% points and 2.5% points in the mean average precision (mAP) in the concrete crack and Crack500 datasets, respectively. The proposed network also outperforms previous state‐of‐the‐art crack‐detection methods in a weakly supervised learning environment where the training data are insufficient.
Stellar collisions in globular clusters: Constraints on the initial mass function of the first generation of stars
Authors: Dib Sami , Kravtsov Valery V. , Haghi Hosein , Zonoozi Akram Hasani , Belinchón José Antonio
Published: June 2022

Globular clusters display an anticorrelation between the fraction of the first generation of stars (N(G1)/N(tot)) and the slope of the present-day mass function of the clusters (αpd), which is particularly significant for massive clusters. In the framework of the binary-mediated collision scenario for the formation of the second-generation stars in globular clusters, we test the effect of a varying stellar initial mass function (IMF) of the G1 stars on the (N(G1)/N(tot)) − αpd anticorrelation. We use a simple collision model that has only two input parameters, the shape of the IMF of G1 stars and the fraction of G1 stars that coalesce to form second-generation stars. We show that a variable efficiency of the collision process is necessary in order to explain the (N(G1)/N(tot)) − αpd anticorrelation; however, the scatter in the anticorrelation can only be explained by variations in the IMF, and in particular by variations in the slope in the mass interval ≈(0.1–0.5) M⊙. Our results indicate that in order to explain the scatter in the (N(G1)/N(tot)) − αpd relation, it is necessary to invoke variations in the slope in this mass range between ≈ − 0.9 and ≈ − 1.9. Interpreted in terms of a Kroupa-like broken power law, this translates into variations in the mean mass of between ≈0.2 and 0.55 M⊙. This level of variation is consistent with what is observed for young stellar clusters in the Milky Way and may reflect variations in the physical conditions of the globular cluster progenitor clouds at the time the G1 population formed or may indicate the occurrence of collisions between protostellar embryos before stars settle on the main sequence.
The calibration method for the thermal insulation functional
Authors: Labourie C. , Milakis E.
Published: June 2022

We provide minimality criteria by construction of calibrations for functionals arising in the theory of thermal insulation.
A meta heuristic approach for reliable capacitated facility joint inventory-location problem with round-trip transportation under imperfect information of disruption in a Fuzzy environment
Authors: Delivand Alireza Asadi , Moghadam Shayan Shafiee , Jolai Soroush , Aghsami Amir , Jolai Fariborz
Published: June 2022

In today’s systems and networks, disruption is inevitable. Designing a reliable system to overcome probable facility disruptions plays a crucial role in planning and management. This article proposes a reliable capacitated facility joint inventory-location problem where location-independent disruption may occur in facilities. The system tries to satisfy customer’s demands and considers penalty costs for unmet customer demand. The article aims to minimize total costs such as establishing inventory, uncovered demand’s penalty, and transportation costs. While many articles in this area only use exact methods to solve the problem, this article uses a metaheuristic algorithm, the red deer algorithm, and the exact methods. Various numerical examples have shown the outstanding performance of the red deer algorithm compared to exact methods. Sensitivity analyses show the impacts of various parameters on the objective function and the optimal facility layouts. Lastly, managerial insights will be proposed based on sensitivity analysis.
Regional marketing as a tool to overcome the digital divide in the Krasnodar Region
Authors: Tkachenko K.I. , Ilyasova E.V. , Zolkin A.L. , Pomazanov V.V. , Kozlova N.P.
Published: June 2022

The article examines the state of digital divide in the Krasnodar Region in advanced and lagging cities. The authors have selected the most relevant areas where the introduction of digital technologies is of the first priority: state and municipal administration, the banking sector, the personnel market and others. The problems of their digitalization are identified. Recommendations for the use of regional marketing as a tool to overcome the digital divide have been developed. Regional administrations, business leaders and opinion leaders shall develop digital demand, form the population’s skills and competencies in the effective use of the Internet, improve the quality of human capital and a creative innovative environment, primarily by promoting existing projects, courses, various training programs to improve digital literacy, digitalization of business structures, increase the demand for infocommunication technologies. Digital technologies have become a significant factor in the overall perceived quality of the urban environment. They are becoming one of the key instruments for the competition of cities and regions on the national and global markets of human capital, helping to attract, develop and retain successful, ambitious, innovative people, those who are able to give a new impetus to regional socio-economic development.
Intercountry differences in apprehension of the digitalization
Authors: Vlasov Maxim , Buchinskaia Olga , Sukhikh Vasiliy
Published: June 2022

The background of the paper is the process of digitalization of economic relations and its consequences when people face different threats arising during the use of digital tools in society and the economy. The study is aimed to analyse the intercountry differences in people’s perception of digitalization. The investigation of external and internal factors that form the interregional differences in the apprehension of digitalization may help to evaluate the threats and risks of digitalization, and to develop the measures to reduce these threats. As the research methods, the authors used the general scientific methods of knowledge, systems approach, comparative analysis. As a statistical framework for the study, the results of Tufts University’s Digital Trust Index, CIGI-Ipsos Global Survey On Internet Security and Trust 2019 and Ipsos Survey For the World Economic Forum Workers’ Concerns About Job Loss and Access to New Skills 2020 were used. The results of the theoretical analysis of digitalization allowed us to identify and explore the threats to society and the economy created by the new digital world. The interregional tendencies in the apprehension of different means of digitalization are analysed. Interregional differences in the apprehension of digitalization must be considered both when planning digitalization programs and international cooperation.
Law and legal relations in the digital age
Authors: Habibova Konul , Zaretskaya Ella
Published: June 2022

This article explores law and legal relations in the digital age, considers bills of various data in the development of the digital environment in legal relations and legislative systems of public administration. The article analyzes such concepts as “digitalization of legal relations” and “digital form of law”. The topic of this article is relevant, because the digital form of law is currently being integrated into all branches of management and human activity, and the study of this phenomenon is a priority issue in modern jurisdiction. It also touches upon the program of artificial intelligence, considered as a full-fledged subject of legal relations. In the course of the study, general scientific research methods in jurisprudence were used.
Communicative resources of socio-economic development and pedagogical activity in the context of globalization challenges
Authors: Levkulych Vasyl , Chervona Lesya , Iehupov Mykola , Mozolev Oleksandr
Published: June 2022

From the point of view of the theory of social systems, culture is rather a wide field of possibilities that are revealed in human communication. This is our main initial methodological position, which in the future we recommend for use in socio-economic and humanitarian studies not so much in the regime of a rigid method that formats research, but as a cross-cutting value and ideological setting. Communication, as a message, can always give a different meaning to a report, but this is immediately apparent in social relationships. What does not work in such cases is the principle of communication, namely the difference between information and a message, which gives the message itself the character of an event that requires a reaction. It is at the level of intimate social relations, where the fundamental dependence of the realization of social freedom in the external social instance is manifested – even if it is a loved person. While multifunctional itself, morality can limit the scope of a functional specification. In this case, social interpenetration cannot be distinguished without taking into account interhuman relations. In addition, morality imposes its own limitations on the sphere of intimate relationships. After all, it is also impossible to deepen between people if it is associated with public morality. The model of a unified and standardized world (single and uniform) is being replaced by new concepts of globalization, containing the idea of preserving cultural diversity in people’s lives.