bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Deployable, Autonomous, Vibration Control Systems for Lightweight Footbridges
Authors: Goorts Kevin , Narasimhan Sriram
Published: September 2017

Structural control devices enable realizing innovative designs for lightweight footbridges by suppressing excessive vibrations that arise from the reduced self-weight. Currently, most control devices are permanent installations, tuned to a particular structural property and hence specific to a particular implementation. This paper presents the concept of a deployable, autonomous control system (DACS) targeting specific applications where immediate, short-term vibration mitigation is desired. The proposed DACS consists of an electromagnetic mass damper (EMD) mounted on an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) equipped with vision sensors. The overall controller consists of a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) feedback controller in series with an identified model to compensate for UGV dynamics and a position-feedback controller for the EMD. The DACS does not rely on a rigid connection to the structure, thus enabling rapid deployment for temporary applications. Autonomous positioning of the device at desired locations on the structure is achieved through a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) solution. The performance of the SLAM solution is assessed using a full-scale aluminum footbridge while the overall control performance of the proposed system is evaluated through real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) consisting of coupled experimental and numerical substructures. The experimental results confirm the ability of the proposed system to effectively control large amplitude motion in slender footbridges and reposition itself for controlling different modes.
Creative Design Resource: Revelation on Footbridge of Jörg Schlaich
Authors: Ren Lisha , Chen Airong
Published: September 2017

Jörg Schlaich is one of best structural designers in 20's century. As the German representative after the World War II, Schlaich gave an suggestion on bridge design, which is bridges should be humanistic and multi-characters. Through the analysis of footbridges designed by Schlaich, the theoretical design source could be summarized in three aspects, such as influence from Bauhaus, Deutscher Werkbund and technological aesthetics, and lightweight construction advanced by Fritz Leonhardt.
A Walkable Sculptural Structure
Authors: Strobl Wolfgang
Published: September 2017

As part of a landscape architectural competition the pedestrian and cyclist bridge perfectly reflects the concept of the State Horticultural Show: Nature. In the course of the opening the sculptural bridge with a length of 85 m was brought into service on May 29, 2013.

The paper deals with conceptual design development, appropriate solutions, aspects of detailed design, assembly and dynamic excitability.
Playing Structural Efficiency with Architects
Authors: Bastos Renato O. , Pimentel Adão da Fonseca António , Adão da Fonseca António
Published: September 2017

This paper describes the experience of working together with architects in the design of footbridges where aesthetics and structural efficiency are intrinsically linked.

It is quite common to say that the deep understanding of the function and the location (physical and human environment) dictate the form of a bridge. In the specific cases presented in the paper, the particularities of several footbridges where the main advantages of their structural behaviour came from the symbiosis between architectural and structural conception, are emphasized. In some details, it can be said that the aesthetic choices intuited the good structural behaviour. As in other cases, it was the structural optimization that became the reason of the aesthetic options. Several examples are listed to illustrate this story where global structural response (longitudinal and transversal), static and dynamic behaviour, stiffness and resistance, cross section definition and structural material choice are discussed.

Aesthetics of the given examples result from architectonic concepts that reflect structural demands and physical laws and that aim at optimized structures.
The Rollout Stress Ribbon Bridge
Authors: Manum Bendik , Rønnquist Anders , Labonnote Nathalie , Aalberg Arne
Published: September 2017

Stress ribbon bridges are light and visually elegant. At sites with solid conditions for tension based anchoring, they can also be very economical. This paper presents the concept of a roll-out stress ribbon bridge where the load-carrying element is a plane deck plate. By the principle of rolling the entire bridge deck to a coil at a steel-mill or workshop and un-coiling on site, stress ribbon footbridges can be built with minimal construction on site. The coiled bridge-deck can easily be transported on one truck and the construction can be done without heavy vehicle access to both ends of the bridge. This paper suggests how to launch this type of bridge and discusses some basic material as well as structural properties regarding static and dynamic performance. Similarly to stress ribbon bridges in general, basic design criteria relate to anchoring the horizontal forces at abutments and to dynamic properties in relation to pedestrians. In addition, the Rollout Bridge has some particular design issues related to the procedure of un-coiling and to pulling the bridge deck over the span. As the bridge deck is heavier than the tension elements in stress ribbon bridges where tension elements and bridge deck are separate, the horizontal forces during construction requires more attention. Briefly analysing some alternatives concerning span length and slope at abutments indicates that the concept is promising and worth further studies in tuning geometry, materials and weights and developing more explicit design of a bridge to be constructed in real.
Cable-Stayed Footbridge with UHPC Deck in Celakovice
Authors: Kalný Milan , Komanec Jan , Kvasnička Václav
Published: September 2017

The cable-stayed footbridge over the Labe River in Celakovice is the first structure in the Czech Republic which has a superstructure made of UHPC. The design and the execution of the footbridge were based and verified on experimental testing of the new material. The design is at some parts conservative due to the limited knowledge on the performance of the UHPC. The UHPC (ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete) was developed by the team of Metrostav and TBG Metrostav from 2010 on both for precast as well as for in-situ cast structures. Local materials are used preferably. The contractor Metrostav implemented an alternative proposal of a segmental bridge deck made entirely of UHPC class C130/150 with steel fibre reinforcement instead of the composite deck proposed in the tender. The arrangement of spans is 43+156+43 m. The application of UHPC for the deck resulted in a smaller weight for the footbridge. The stays and pylons are then also rather light. The design and final appearance is extremely simple and efficient. The UHPC should become a guarantee of the long term durability of the footbridge (more than 120 years is expected), with a limited maintenance. Extensive loads and dynamics tests were provided as well as environmental assessments.
Design of Raos Footbridge over the A-67 Motorway, Santander (Spain)
Authors: Capellán Guillermo , Sacristán Miguel , Godoy Alejandro , García Marianela , Urdinguio SARA , González Julio
Published: September 2017

As part of the project "Santander's Bay Cycle Path", Arenas & Asociados was commissioned the design of a pedestrian and cycle bridge that should allow the connection between the neighborhoods of Nueva Montaña and Raos, in Santander (North of Spain). This paper tries to synthesize the main characteristics of the project.

The new footbridge is 210 m long, with a central steel structure section of 106 m and two reinforced concrete access ramps, with a 6% slope and lengths of 43 and 61 m. The structure has a slightly curved plan directrix, so to produce the minimum disruption to the existing infrastructures, maintaining the required distances and clearances.

The U-shaped main composite section, with a 1.20 m depth, allows the crossing over the A-67 motorway and two railway tracks, with two spans of 36 m. The grade-axis of the structure respects the vertical clearances of 5.50 m over the motorway, and 7.0 m and 6.5 m respectively over ADIF and FEVE tracks.

The identity of the footbridge is ist central main support, in a double V-shaped steel element, forming a tetrapod that supports both edge girders of the deck. The V pier has an opening of 15 m, reducing the effective main spans to an approximately length of 29 m, thereby reducing depths and efforts on the deck.
Adventure Art Construction
Authors: Kadel Mathias
Published: September 2017

A footbridge which could be placed over the canal in Berlin Moabit for example could make a counterbalance to the massy surrounding and would place an urban significant sign. A bridge is more than a simple link between two places within walking distance. A bridge could be a local landmark, thus it could be a meeting point, an artistic monument and a tourist attraction. The idea presented a bridge which consists of a self-supporting, squared-framework tube that is movable and not fixed at its edge supports. It is composed of singular ½ cubes which are engine powered and are rotatable around the linking points and circular swivels. Their distortion creates new bridge forms. The actual footpath is located in the centre at the median line. Every ½ cube element is able to turn 360° and automatically adapts the horizontal position. In dependence of the exterior form of the bridge the footpath will be formed differently from flat and linear to ascended or descended, to angular routes or formed to stairways or even a climbing parkour. This changeable form could be decided by the people. It would be a great public spectacle and a tourist attraction, in case such a
Fort York Pedestrian Bridges in Toronto. The Two First Duplex Stainless Steel Bridges in North America
Authors: Sobrino Juan , Jordán Javier , Carratalá Sergio , Sisi Diego
Published: September 2017

In April 2015, the city of Toronto selected a proposal for the Fort York Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge project in a design-build competition. The project provides a key link between Stanley Park to the north and the historic area of Fort York – the birth place of Toronto- crossing two rail corridors. Construction started in August 2016 and completion is expected by the end of 2017.

The connection includes two pedestrian bridges. The awarded design proposal includes an unprecedented technical innovation in North America: the use of Duplex Stainless Steel on the entire structure. This pioneering use of a forefront technology provides premium aesthetics within a unique setting in addition to a safe and durable asset for the community. The structure has an extended life cycle, is more corrosionresistant and requires less maintenance, reducing its overall cost.

Each bridge is supported by a single arch rib inclining at 18° to provide a slender, transparent and elegant impression. The two arches tilt in opposite direction, and the overall layout resembles a Yin & Yang shape to emphasize both contrast and continuity, expressing a modern, understated and elegant aesthetic.
St. Philips Pedestrian and Cyclist Bridge in Bristol
Authors: Beade-Pereda Héctor , McElhinney John , Romo-Torres Rocío , Barbulescu Bogdan
Published: September 2017

This article describes the story of the design of St. Philips footbridge in Bristol (UK), detailing the progression from early concepts into a fully realised solution to the particular challenges of the scheme. The number of functional, structural, and aesthetical constraints of this complex urban crossing of the River Avon are simultaneously addressed thanks to a holistic architectural and structural approach.

The bridge, a Y-shaped 50m-span and 4-m wide variable depth beam, will connect two river banks of very different elevation and appearance (one being a Victorian masonry wall and the other a green slope), just one of them will be developed to high architectural standards on the short term. Close to the site are two bridges with a strong visual character, and a proposed multipurpose entertainment venue.
Ailsa Wharf Footbridge: Creativity Through Collaboration
Authors: Smith Craig , Curry Ben
Published: September 2017

This paper will discuss the positive outcomes which early collaboration can have on the overall design of a bridge, focusing on the relationship between Knight Architects and COWI throughout the early stages of design. It will discuss the key benefits gained and how a balanced workflow can be achieved, using Ailsa Wharf; a live project currently awaiting planning submission, as an exemplar project. It will take the reader through the design process showing the different decisions and influences that informed the overall design of the bridge.
Evaluation of the Experimental and Analytical Dynamic Response of Pedestrian Bridges
Authors: Mendoza Marco A. , Gomez Roberto , Arroyo G. Moises , Escobar J. Alberto , Flores Rigoberto
Published: September 2017

This paper presents the results of ambient vibration tests carried out on ten pedestrian bridges located in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. Mathematical models of some bridges were developed and calibrated with the results of the experimental data. Afterwards, pedestrian load models were used to study the analytical response of the bridges and damping devices were simulated based on data available in the literature. The main objective of the study was to decrease the magnitude of structural vibrations and improve human comfort for pedestrians.
Effect of Pretension on the Dynamic Response of Footbridges
Authors: Brasil Reyolando M. L. R. F. , Della Monica Vicenzo K. , Pacheco Henrique Braglia
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we intend to study the effects of geometric nonlinearities on concrete footbridges. Dynamic characteristics of structures depend on their stiffness and mass. With those, we determine their natural frequencies and modes of free vibrations. Nevertheless, the initial stiffness of a structure, computed in its unloaded state, is affected by the applied forces, the so-called geometric stiffness. Compressive forces usually reduce the stiffness and the frequencies and may lead to buckling, for zero frequencies. In the other hand, traction loads tend to increase stiffness and frequencies, a phenomenon resorted upon by the socalled tensostructures. A class of structures of economic-strategic importance is footbridges, excited by vibrations induced by motions of persons. These vibrations may affect the structures but, in general, may render inadequate human walking conditions. There is a tendency of modern structural engineering towards slender members, due to more efficient materials and more powerful analysis tools. Here, we study these effects via a theoretical-numerical approach by an approximated model derived by Rayleigh's Method. The model is a concrete slab walkway under pretension supporting. We suppose the original design have provided for natural frequencies away from the excitation frequency. Nevertheless, the presence of large axial compressive force will reduce the beam stiffness and natural frequencies wich may lead to unexpected potentially dangerous resonance states.
Diatomea Footbridge - Integrating Modern Infrastructure into a National Park in Chile
Authors: Schanack Frank , Reyes Juan P. , Osman Letelier Juan P.
Published: September 2017

The Petrohue Waterfalls in South of Chile are located in one of the most visited of Chile´s National Parks. It receives up to 7,000 visitors per day, most of them without outdoor gear. When the existing footbridge was found structurally insufficient, a new footbridge should be designed that complies with the Park Ranger's vision of a modern National Park. The new visually attractive and spacious Diatomea Footbridge is a hollow steel beam bridge with a steel-concrete composite deck. It is 17.25 m long and 3.4 m wide. When shop drawings were finished, the Ministry of Economy and Tourism wanted to turn the project down, precisely because it looked too modern for a National Nature Park. Luckily, it was too late to change the design, but funds for the construction were put back until further notice. Two years later a volcano eruption affected the existing footbridge and eventually, the Diatomea Footbridge was built.
Natural and Landscape Inspirations in Designing of Modern Footbridges
Authors: Furtak Marcin
Published: September 2017

The process of designing footbridges in Poland is undergoing a dynamic change. This is due to new social, economic and cultural circumstances as well as the continuous development of engineering experience. The large number of new investments and the increased participation of architects in the design process affect the architectural diversity of bridge structures designed so far in a universal and partly repetitive way.

Based on his design experience, the author presents in this paper the whole process of the aesthetic creation of objects and its influence on their final appearance. Here are discussed the challenges and elements defining the adopted solutions and the location-based influences, i.e. natural and landscape elements – also referring to symbolism. The article provides an insight into the context of the location in defining engineering solutions.
Control of Human-Induced Vibration of Footbridge Using Tuned Mass Dampers Designed by LQR Algorithm
Authors: Liu Zehui , Huang Hongwei
Published: September 2017

This paper studied a scenic footbridge which is a long-span steel bridge with low inherit damping and is prompt to human-induced vibration. The dynamic analysis based on the finite element model (FEM) of the bridge show that multi modes of vibration are excited by human loads, and therefore, it is necessary to install Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) for proper vibration control. For single mode of vibration, we can simplify the bridge as a single degree of freedom system for calculation, and obtain the optimally designed parameters of TMD such as mass, stiffness and damping. However, when multi modes of vibration occur, TMD designed for single mode vibration cannot fulfill the control requirement for multi modes s vibration. Thus, it is needed to design additional linear dampers by active control algorithm LQR, so that the comfort requirement of the footbridge can be met under both normal and unfavorable loading conditions.
The modern engineer's Janus face: Delivering Reliability and Mystification
Authors: Rinke Mario
Published: September 2017

The load bearing structure is often visible above the deck which was used to manipulate the spatial experience directly (e.g. series of hangers) or through a diagrammatic articulation of the structural behavior in the arrangement of components (e.g. truss patterns). A relatively late trend is the intentional disturbance of the common perception through the deformation or dissection of structural typologies which can lead to new interpretations and multilayered narratives. The aesthetic conception of the viewer's perception seems to have been shifted from a subtle manifold reading of a familiar structural grammar to a more direct influence on the pedestrian with clearly expressed structural figures.
The School of Bridge Design in Ecampus, Como, Italy
Authors: Siviero Enzo , Zanchettin Alberto
Published: September 2017

A school of bridge design was founded more than twenty years ago at IUAV University of Architecture in Venice by Prof. Enzo Siviero. The group of researchers involved, mostly phd doctors, were active in bridge design, research on structural architecture, promotion of international conferences and finally on didactics.

During the years the course of ‘Theory and design of bridges' has been chosen by more than 1000 students and was among the most appreciated modules of IUAV University. In year 2009, the course was held in parallel with Tongji University of Shanghai, thanks to an agreement between the professors in charge, which lead to an exchange of students during the academic year.

The scientific approach to the design of bridges, taught to students of architecture, lead to extremely interesting results: many structures were designed joining aesthetics, innovation, structural feasibility and economy of realization.

The aforementioned experiences will be used to establish a new school of bridge design at the university Uniecampus in Novedrate (Como, Italy), with the goal to create an hub for bridge design, conference organization and a venue for international exhibitions.
Shared Platform Footbridges in Rural Environments
Authors: Corbal Jesús J. , Meijide Antonio G. , Antón A.
Published: September 2017

To solve the accessibility problems of the area surrounding the village of Os Peares, a new footbridge is projected that allows crossing over the Miño River downstream from its confluence with the Sil River. Initially the bridge was planned for pedestrian use only, as the expected traffic was very low, but as in response to the demands of the residents of the area a shared platform bridge was designed, in which the platform is shared between motor vehicles and pedestrians, with preference for the latter.

The adequate design of the shared platform is vital to ensure the users understand how to use the infrastructure. Main factors are pavement design, parapet design and adequate signaling. Several options were considered for the pavement, finally selecting a cobblestone pavement with two different colors that slows down vehicular traffic. A specific design for the parapet is considered, which provides safety for both pedestrian and vehicles, with an adequate design for a footbridge.

This mixed solution allows reducing the cost compared with the cost of a full vehicular and pedestrian bridge. The environmental impact is also reduced as the size and materials to be considered can be more adjusted to the natural surroundings.
A Park with Bridges
Authors: Conzett Jürg
Published: September 2017

Close to the town of Frauenfeld in the canton Thurgau (north-east Switzerland) the fluvial landscape around the small Murg river was used by the army as a training area for a long time. Later abandoned, it became a forgotten piece of land with growing bushes and trees, a paradise for birds and rascals. As usual, in the 1990es suddenly some people saw the chance to use the wasteland as an industrial estate. But there arouse some opposition: it was mainly Architect Thomas Hasler who proposed the local authorities to transform the 44'000 m² of land between national highway and the city of Frauenfeld into an attractive public park. Therefore it was a private initiative and a lot of promoting discussions which led to the realization of the Murgauenpark, achieved finally in summer 2015. Architect Hasler had set up a team which comprised a landscape architect, hydraulic engineers as well as a bridge engineer. A system of hills, temporary flooded valleys, promenades and bridges form the infrastructure of a new artificial landscape.
Crossing the Viamala Gorge
Authors: Conzett Jürg
Published: September 2017

The Viamala gorge must be crossed when travelling from Eastern Switzerland to Italy over the passes of Splügen or San Bernardino. The bad way, as suggests its name, was improved in different phases from the late middle-ages until nowadays. A great step to a more comfortable way was the erection of two bold masonry bridges by the bridge-builder Christian Wildener in 1739. Since then, the Viamala gorge became attractive for tourists, too. It was one of the key-points on the Grand-Tour from Germany to Italy through the alpine trails of Graubünden. Many painters and writers were impressed by the sublime scenery: A sudden crack in the globe, marked by burst rock, like a giant wound... was the statement of art historian Andrew Marbot. Later on, in 1903, in the centre of the gorge a series of stairways leading down to a platform close to the Hinterrhein river was opened to the public. Again, the dramatic descent into the narrow rocky crevice became an attraction for tourists. This passage crossed the gorge on a little bridge, which had decayed and needed to be replaced.
Architectural Concept of a Cable-Stayed, Moveable Footbridge
Authors: Hawryszków Paweł , Zielichowski-Haber Wojciech , Rutecka-Blimke Aleksandra , Zachariasz Anna
Published: September 2017

The footbridge under consideration in the paper (Fig. 1 ÷ 3) was the entry for an international competition for the design of a moveable pedestrian bridge [1, 2] over the Motława River in Gdańsk (Poland). The design competition has attracted great attention due to the prestigious location of the footbridge in the centre of the historic vibrant landscape of Gdańsk.

The footbridge over the Motława River which linked the Gdańsk Old Town and the Ołowianka Island was designed as a three-span structure. The footbridge comprises a short span on the side of the island of Ołowianka with a length of 9.50 m, the swing span of 49.0 m and a second short span on the side of the Old Town of 15.0 m in length. The navigation clearance between piers is 40 m and the total width is 6.80 m.
Restoration of the Bridges of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais - MG, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Benedito T.
Published: September 2017

The article deals with recent interventions in the conservation of the bridges of Ouro Preto, one of the most important and symbolic cities in Brazilian history and culture. Ouro Preto, like other “Gold cities” in Minas Gerais, has a particular layout which does not conform to the radial urban structures or traditional nuclei of Colonial Brazil. Its organic and linear configuration anticipated the type of urban development known as conurbation, a city formation resulting from the merging of nearby urban nuclei. The linking of the surrounding villages was consolidated in the second quarter of the XVIII century through significant urban interventions promoted by the Governor, Gomes Freire de Andrade, Conde de Bobadela (1735-63). The principal type of intervention used was the construction of bridges, among them that of Antônio Dias, Rosário, Palácio Velho and Seca, the subjects of this article.

An architectural reading of each bridge will be made, examining the material and building systems used in their construction; their meaning for the city and the heritage designation process, the surrounding environment at various periods, and the physical, functional and visual relationships with the city. Regarding the recent restoration works, the following will be examined: causes of deterioration, diagnosis and state of conservation, interventions that have taken place over the years, the project, and intervention methodology. In the conclusion the interventions undertaken will be analyzed in light of modern principles of preservation of cultural heritage.
Advanced Corrosion Protection of Structural Tension Members
Authors: Allaert Bart F. , Rentmeister Friedhelm E.
Published: September 2017

Locked coil strands can be used in all types of rope supported bridges where long-term corrosion protection is a primary requirement. This paper reports advances of corrosion protection of locked coil strands with galvanically protective coatings and high density polyethylene (HDPE) sheathing.
Dejima Footbridge, Making a Connection in the 400 Years' History
Authors: Watanabe Ryuichi , Bodarwè Eric , Ney Laurent
Published: September 2017

Dejima is an artificial island built in 1636. During the isolation policy of the Edo Period, Dejima was one of the few places which connected Japan to the outside world. A single small masonry bridge was the only connection between the mainland and Dejima. Later in the Meiji Period, river conservation work widened the river from 5 meters to 30 meters and the old Dejima bridge was demolished. On the 27th February 2017, with great public interest, a modern footbridge was erected on the site of the original bridge and the link was re-­ established after 130 years of absence. The new Dejima Footbridge is a 38.5 meter long steel plate girder bridge with a timber deck. Its restrained design is influenced by its material context and the intention to build modestly in this place of historical importance. Public works tend to receive minor attention and sometimes even negative responses from the public. We designed this bridge with respect for its context and carefully planned the process of design and construction to take into account the history of Dejima and involve the local community. Over the many stages of the process, the project came to attract the attention and sympathy of the public. Finally, on the weekday morning on which it took place, more than 5000 people attended to watch the mounting of the bridge. Designing is a partly a process of communication. This article describes the importance of gentle gestures in historical contexts and a communication process for the successful integration of modern constructions in sensitive situations.
Immunoglobulin G4 Sinusitis in Association with Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Johal Kirti , Welch Kevin , Peters Anju
Published: September 2017

Background

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) related disease is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by tumor-like tissue infiltration with IgG4 positive (IgG4+) plasma cells. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is defined as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and hypersensitivity to cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors.

Objective

We described a case of a non-smoking 61-year-old male with prior NSAID sensitivity who presented with a 1-year history of left eye proptosis associated with chronic nasal symptoms, ultimately identified as concurrent AERD and IgG4 sinusitis.

Methods

The patient was evaluated in the clinic and diagnosed by using clinical, radiographic, and surgical biopsy findings.

Results

Although initial concern was greatest for malignancy, a biopsy specimen confirmed the presence of a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and storiform fibrosis, associated with increased IgG4+ plasma cells. Therefore, IgG4-related disease (RD) was identified in this patient with AERD.

Conclusion

Shared type II inflammation may be responsible for the coexistence of IgG4-RD and AERD as observed in our patient. Health care workers must be cognizant of the simultaneous presentation of both IgG4-RD and AERD.
Promotion of Olfactory Receptor Neuron Differentiation of Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells by Using Chitosan Solution
Authors: Li Sheng-Tien , Young Tai-Horng , Lin Chih-Feng , Huang Tsung-Wei
Published: September 2017

Background

Olfactory dysfunction significantly influences patients’ quality of life. Chitosan has been reported to support neuron and Schwann cell growth and even leads to orient axonal growth. However, researchers have yet to explore whether chitosan solution can promote differentiation of olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory neuroepithelium and be used for treating olfactory dysfunction.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of chitosan solution on the differentiation of olfactory neuroepithelial cells.

Method

Olfactory neuroepithelial cells were isolated from embryonic day 17 of Wistar rats and then cultured with and without soluble chitosan for 9 days. The concentration of chitosan solution was set at 0.1 mg/mL. The effects of treatment were assessed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot after culturing.

Results

The morphologic analysis indicated that olfactory neuroepithelial cells treated with chitosan exhibited bipolar shape with asymmetric processes. In addition, from days 3 to 9, the expression level of βIII tubulin gradually reduced, but the expression level of olfactory marker protein significantly rose at day 9 in the chitosan groups (p < 0.05). Importantly, chitosan-treated olfactory neuroepithelial cells expressed more signal transduction apparatuses, olfactory neuron specific-G protein and adenylate cyclase 3, than those without chitosan treatment at day 9. Western blot analysis also further confirmed the results(p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Experimental results revealed that soluble chitosan promoted differentiation of olfactory neuroepithelial cells based on its role in olfactory receptor neuron differentiation, neurite outgrowth, and signal transduction apparatus expressions.
Rna Sequencing and Pathway Analysis Identify Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Driven Small Proline-Rich Protein Dysregulation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Gonzalez Joseph R. , Cooper Sarah E. , Barham Henry P. , Anderson Catherine B. , Larson Eric D. , Cool Carlyne D. , Diller John D. , Jones Kenneth , Kinnamon Sue C.
Published: September 2017

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder in which many pathways contribute to end-organ disease. Small proline-rich proteins (SPRR) are polypeptides that have recently been shown to contribute to epithelial biomechanical properties relevant in T-helper type 2 inflammation. There is evidence that genetic polymorphism in SPRR genes may predict the development of asthma in children with atopy and, correlatively, that expression of SPRRs is increased under allergic conditions, which leads to epithelial barrier dysfunction in atopic disease.

Methods

RNAs from uncinate tissue specimens from patients with CRS and control subjects were compared by RNA sequencing by using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (n = 4 each), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 15). A separate cohort of archived sinus tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry (n = 19).

Results

A statistically significant increase of SPRR expression in CRS sinus tissue was identified that was not a result of atopic presence. SPRR1 and SPRR2A expressions were markedly increased in patients with CRS (p < 0.01) on RNA sequencing, with confirmation by using real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry of archived surgical samples demonstrated staining of SPRR proteins within squamous epithelium of both groups. Pathway analysis indicated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha as a master regulator of the SPRR gene products.

Conclusion

Expression of SPRR1 and of SPRR2A is increased in mucosal samples from patients with CRS and appeared as a downstream result of TNF alpha modulation, which possibly resulted in epithelial barrier dysfunction.
Long-Term Olfactory Outcome after Nasoseptal Flap Reconstructions in Midline Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Soyka Michael B. , Serra Carlo , Regli Luca , Meier Eva , Holzmann David
Published: September 2017

Background

The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is a universally used surgical technique to cover defects of the skull base after extended sinonasal surgery. Long-term follow-up of complications, sequelae, and smell function is largely unknown.

Objective

The main objective of this study was to investigate monorhinal olfaction after transsphenoidal skull base surgery.

Methods

Patients who underwent skull base surgery for midline lesions (craniopharyngioma and pituitary tumors) by using a NSF, also referred to as the Haddad flap, were assessed for their long-term outcome. Endoscopic examination was conducted and the bilateral “Sniffin’ Sticks” test was performed before surgery. Each side was tested separately in the postoperative follow-up consultation.

Results

Twenty patients were included in the study. No flap failures were observed. One anterior perforation and one small posterior septal perforation were found during long-term follow-up. None of the patients had nasal breathing impairment, whereas two patients had nose bleeds. A significant decrease in olfactory function was observed on the flap donor side in four patients (20%) compared with that observed in one patient (5%) on the opposite side.

Conclusion

NSF reconstructions for midline lesions were efficient and safe in the long term. Olfactory impairment on the donor side was frequently encountered. Although subclinical, these findings justified a monorhinal smell testing before surgery, which possibly prevented bilateral smell impairment in patient with preexisting single-sided olfactory loss.
Implementasi Load Balancing Web Server menggunakan Haproxy dan Sinkronisasi File pada Sistem Informasi Akademik Universitas Siliwangi
Authors: Rahmatulloh Alam , MSN Firmansyah
Published: September 2017

Saat ini Universitas Siliwangi memiliki populasi pengguna Sistem Informasi Akademik sebesar 12829 orang yang terdiri dari mahasiswa, karyawan dan dosen. Dengan arsitektur server tunggal saat ini, sering terjadi overload jika banyak request user secara bersamaan seperti pada kegiatan pengisian kartu rencana studi mahasiswa. Hal ini menimbulkan kondisi server down karena matinya aplikasi web server dan database server sehingga banyak user yang tidak dapat dilayani dengan kondisi server tunggal. Arsitektur multi server dengan memanfaatkan load balancing web server merupakan salah satu solusi yang dianggap efektif dan efisien untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Konsep load balancing web server dengan high availability memungkinkan proses request pada Sistem Informasi Akademik dibagi secara merata ke beberapa server. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan yaitu load balancing dapat bekerja dengan baik ketika request datang dari client telah berhasil didistribusikan balancer secara merata kepada setiap node cluster. Sehingga server tidak mengalami overload dan kemampuan web server bisa melayani 10.000 request dengan tidak mengalami error request. Selain itu, penerapan sinkronisasi file bekerja dengan baik dimana file yang diupload pada node 1 akan disinkron ke setiap node 2 dan node 3 pada cluster, begitu juga sebaliknya karena sinkronisasi file ini bersifat dua arah.
MEMAHAMI PERAN MASYARAKAT DAN PEMERINTAH DALAM KEMAJUAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Temon Astawa I Nyoman
Published: September 2017

The development of the quality of education in Indonesia should be done together not only for the government and educators but to the community, because the community has an important role to achieve a goal of educationquality. In fact in the field of our education system fully devolved public education students or learners to teachers. This can be caused by a lack of public understanding of the importance of the role of the community in education.
Этническое самосознание: теоретический конструкт и ментальный феномен
Authors: Erokhina Elena A.
Published: September 2017

В статье представлен анализ этнических концепций, сложившихся в российской науке в XX и XXI вв. во взаимосвязи с зарубежными доктринами национализма. Исследования по данной проблеме важны для понимания роли ментальных феноменов в процессах этнической мобилизации, значения этнического самосознания и этнической идентичности в формировании позитивных межэтнических отношений. В настоящее время понятия этническая ментальность, этническое самосознание и этническая идентичность нередко используются терминологически неточно, чаще всего как синонимы активности человеческого сознания в процессе воспроизводства этничности.О значении самосознания как этнического определителя в советской науке высказывания появились в 1940-х гг. (П. И. Кушнер), тема была продолжена в 1960-х гг. (С. А. Токарев, Ю. В. Бромлей). Однако, в целом, в исследованиях по теории этноса реализовывался формационный принцип, когда этнические общности делились на стадии развития (племя, народности, нации). До 1970-х гг. самосознание не было включено в число этнообразующих признаков. Но присутствовало противостояние сторонников творческой и консервативной интерпретаций марксизма. В 1970-х гг. работами Ю. В. Бромлея этническое самосознание без различения стадиального уровня признавалось объектом этнографического изучения, автономного по отношению к идеологическим доктринам. Советская теория этноса была близка западным концепциям этничности (Ф. Барт). В 1990-х гг. в российской этнологии распространилась теория этнической процессуальности (В. А. Тишков).Этническое и национальное самосознание автор трактует как феномены коллективного (надындивидуального) сознания, а этническую идентичность — как индивидуально-личностный феномен. Делается вывод о соотношении этнического самосознания и этнической ментальности как части и целого, вмещающего в качестве своих категорий не только «Другого», но также пространство, время, вещный мир, социальную организацию и другие значимые универсалии культуры.
Архаичный ойратский субстрат среднеалтайского культурного круга в Туве
Authors: Todoriki Masahiko
Published: September 2017

Всемирная известность тувинской музыки сейчас незыблема. Вокальное явление хөөмей или тувинское горловое пение, в частности, привлекает любителей музыки во всем мире. С другой стороны, так называемое «обертонное пение» или «горловое пение» вокальный звук фундаментального бурдона с флейтообразной мелодией из серии выбранных формантов также периодически появляется в Тибете, Косе, Раджастане, Сардинии, США, бывшей Югославии и т. д. По-прежнему сложно определить, могут ли специфические черты быть различимыми, объединяя различные «обертоновые пения» с другими вокализациями. Автор утверждает, что музыка, в том числе горловое пение, среди народов, проживающих в Саяно-Алтайском крае, помогает рассматривать территорию как единую музыкальную культурную область. Предпринята попытка восстановить недавнюю историю музыкальный культурный зоны, ознакомиться с историческими записями и лингвистическими материалами из Тувы и окрестных регионов.
Studi Sistem Tanam Jajar Legowo terhadap Peningkatan Produktivitas Padi Sawah
Authors: Misran Misran
Published: September 2017

The studies of row planting system “legowo” to the increased productivity of lowland rice. This research aims to determine the best planting system in order to obtain optimum growth and yield. The experiment site in lowland farmers Piruko Sitiung, Dharmasraya district, West Sumatra, from May to September 2009. The research using a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 replications and 5 treatments planting systems, namely: (A) the Row “Legowo” 2:1, (B) the Row “Legowo” 4:1, (C) the Row “Legowo” 6:1, (D) the Row “Legowo” 8:1, and (e) Without the Row “Legowo” Control. Fertilizers are used ; 200 kg Urea, 100 kg SP36, and 50 kg KCl/ha. Urea and KCl are given three times with brocasting system at 1, 4 , and 7 weeks after planting (wap), while the SP36 is given at 1 wap combined with Urea and KCl. The seeds used Batang Piaman variety planted three seedling per hill, spacing of 25x25 cm . Data were collected on; plant height , maximum number of tillers/hill, number of productive tiller/hill, yield components, and yield. The results showed that “legowo” row planting system significantly affect the agronomic component plants, except at plant height. Against the yield components and the results also showed a marked influence on the percentage of empty grains unless and 1000 grain weight. “Legowo” row planting system can increase the yield of dry grain harvest around 19.90 to 22%. This experiment suggests that in order to obtain optimum productivity of lawland rice is recommended to use of “Legowo” row planting system. Keywords : “Legowo” row planting system, productivity, lawland rice.
Pengaruh Temperatur Terhadap Degradasi Pigmen Tomat dalam Beberapa Jenis Minyak Nabati Komersial
Authors: Handoko Yoga Aji , Indriatmoko Indriatmoko
Published: September 2017

The study of vegetable oils fortified with crude extract of carotenoid pigments from tomatothat contains lycopene as dominant antioxidant compounds becomes an interesting researchto be done. The aim of this research is testing the stability of the pigment of tomatoesextracts in the vegetable oil treated on some temperature levels. Spectroscopy method isused to measure the respond of pigment stability in fortified vegetables oils which treated bytemperature from 250C to 700C. Before the measurement is done by a spectrophotometerwhich connected to the thermostat, as much as 1 mg of extract pigment of tomatoes in crystalform was weighed for per sampel, then dissolved into 10 ml palm oil, coconut oil, sunflowerseed oil, and canola oil separately. The results showed that the temperature treatment causesthe value of the optical absorption decreased, which means that the pigment moleculesexperienced instability. The amount of impairment of the optical absorption withtemperature treatment from 250C to 700C at a wavelength of 482 nm, respectively, are: palmoil (Abs = 0.201); coconut oil (Abs = 0.213), sunflower oil (Abs = 0.232); and canola oil(Abs = 0.260). Decreasing value of absorbance (Abs) also indicates the lycopenedegradation that formed the derivatives molecule of this pigment.Keywords: fortification, lycopene, vegetable oil, temperature, tomato
Antibody titre avian influenza and Newcastle Disease in blood serum of growing ducks Gived Defferent Crude Protein Ration and vaccinated with Vaksimune NDL AI®
Authors: Santosa Purnama Edy , Sutrisna Rudy
Published: September 2017

The advantages of vaccination are that it reduces the risk of infection, and concurrently reduces morbidity, mortality and shedding of virus. The goal of the present study was to evaluate efficacy of Newcastle Disease combination with Avian Influenza commercial vaccine based on humoral immunity responses of growing ducks with different feed treatments. Totally, 48 mojosari growing ducks were used in this research. The mojosari growing ducks were vaccinated using Vaksimune NDL AI®. Blood samples were collected from the axilaris vein (left or rigt) one time at postvaccination. Antibody titres were examined using Hemaglutination Inhibition (HI). The result showed that Vaksimune NDL AI® vaccine inactive ND Genotype VII strain N018 combine with AI subtype H5N1 on emultion oil was a good protection because the vaccine was able to trigger protective humoral immunity of growing ducks at 9 weeks old ducks indicated by increasing of antibody titre in blood serum of vaccinated growing ducks male during three weeks pascavaccination. Key words: Newcastle Disease, Avian influenza, vaccine, antibody, grower ducks
Positive Nikolsky Sign and Pinpoint “Lakes of Pus”
Authors: Wong Christina Y , Billings Steven D , Warren Christine B
Published: September 2017

A 54-year-old man with a past medical history of paraplegia, osteomyelitis, sacral decubitus ulcer, suprapubic catheter, and several reported drug eruptions was seen for evaluation of skin sloughing without any tenderness to palpation. He reported being on chronic oral antibiotics including amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin over the past two years for osteomyelitis. Two days prior to evaluation, he had been hospitalized for osteomyelitis of the left iliac bone and was treated with intravenous vancomycin and meropenem. Initial evaluation revealed widespread Nikolsky sign with extensive involvement of the back, abdomen, and extremities without any tenderness. Involving 30-40% body surface area were scattered deep red macules and patches. The histopathologic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). Clinically, AGEP appears as diffuse erythema with several small, non-follicular pustules and possible peripheral neutrophilia or eosinophilia. A positive Nikolksy sign can be seen with AGEP, but is not specific, and has been referred to as a ‘pseudo-Nikolsky sign.’ Systemic involvement, such as renal insufficiency, has been reported in AGEP. There are few reports in the literature describing AGEP with TEN-like features. We present an interesting patient with AGEP and TEN-like features who improved after cessation of vancomycin and meropenem and a short course of systemic steroids.