bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realidade e literatura: ditadura militar chilena, forclusão dos horizontes de expectativa e portas entreabertas
Authors: Godinho Paula
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo, pretendo fazer uma reflexão sobre a relação entre a antropologia, a história e a literatura e o seu papel na leitura dos processos sociais, a partir de: (1) uma abordagem de duas obras literárias -  El Palacio de la Risa (2014), de Germán Marín e  Nocturno de Chile (2000), de Roberto Bolaño; (2) dos elementos de terreno de uma visita a um dos locais de detenção clandestina, tortura e extermínio da ditadura chilena (1973-1990); (3) do cinema documental de Patricio Guzmán, Carmen Castillo e Pablo Salas.  Através da sugestão conceptual de Daniel Bensaïd, exploro os limites da forclusão dos horizontes da expectativa, atribuível à supressão da ligação ao espaço da experiência, que conduz a uma anemia da razão crítica. Entre a ficção e o real, interrogo o encadeamento do imaginado, do imaginário e da realidade, e exploro a relação com os passados dolorosos, com o papel continuado do medo, bem como a sua superação, através dos mecanismos poderosos da memória colectiva no Chile.Palavras-chave: Antropología. História. Literatura. Forclusão. Chile.
Cultura de Paz na Escolinha de Artes: diálogos necessários
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana Rossi , Rodrigues Maria Lúcia Costa
Published: April 2020

A Escolinha de Artes de Joinville, assim como as que restaram no Brasil, resiste ao tempo e às mudanças políticas e metodológicas, renovando-se a cada ano com a dedicação de seu corpo docente. O seu contexto de criação relaciona-se ao Movimento Escolinhas de Arte (MEA) do Brasil. Desde a década de 1990, a cada ano a Escolinha de Artes de Joinville trabalha um tema com os alunos, que culmina em uma exposição didática e apresentações de teatro. Este texto apresenta e analisa o projeto realizado em 2016 cujo tema foi Cultura de Paz. Sua culminância se deu com a exposição realizada na Galeria Municipal de Artes Victor Kursancew e os frutos gerados para a comunidade. Com base no relato do projeto, o presente texto faz um breve panorama histórico dos 49 anos de existência da Escolinha, discutindo seu papel como instituição de formação artística das crianças, dentro de um espaço não formal de ensino da arte.
Entre o Gesto e o Olhar da Criança, quem forma quem?
Authors: Elias Andrea Nascimento
Published: April 2020

A partir da observação de um breve acontecimento após uma das performances da Cia de Dança Teatro Xirê para público formado por crianças de 2 a 6 anos, o presente artigo propõe a reflexão sobre os processos formativos postos em jogo no modo como a Cia concebe a dança contemporânea para a fruição de crianças. Considerando a trajetória de vinte anos da Cia Xirê, tomando o olhar da criança como o principal balizador de suas investigações e construções poéticas, o texto questiona a posição de aprendiz a que estão, em geral, submetidas as crianças nos processos criativos a elas direcionados, e sugere uma inversão, ou, ao menos, uma mudança de estatuto nas dinâmicas formativas implicadas na fruição artística contemporânea por parte do público por elas formado.
Tem Drama na sala de aula! Articulações entre literatura surda e práticas cênicas na escola
Authors: Jardim Priscila Lourenzo , Berselli Marcia
Published: April 2020

O artigo analisa o contato de crianças surdas, estudantes de uma escola bilíngue, com a literatura surda e o teatro por meio de um processo de Drama. O texto apresenta as práticas propostas durante um ano de trabalho na escola, analisando o desenvolvimento dos estudantes durante o processo. As aulas de teatro aconteceram como parte do projeto de extensão Práticas cênicas na escola: oficinas de teatro com alunos surdos, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Foi observado que, por meio dos elementos do Drama e da apresentação de vídeos de contação de histórias na Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS), os alunos surdos da escola desenvolveram-se tanto na linguagem teatral quanto na aquisição da língua de sinais.
The phenomenon of syntagmatic motivation in prefix verb derivation in the Russian language
Authors: Lyubeznova Natalia
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the syntagmatic motivational linkages in prefix verb derivation of the Russian language, observed in the aspect of synchronic dynamics. The author examines such aspects of the topic as syntagma (combination of two verbal-cogitative components connected by hierarchical relations of the principal and explanatory) and syntagmatic motivation (substantiated by syntactic models). Special attention is given to the fact that the motivated verb derivative structure can correlate with the motivating components in either syntagmatic sphere or paradigmatic sphere. The scientific novelty is associated with determination of peculiarities of syntagmatic motivation of derived verbs, role of the verbal prefixes in syntagmatic motivation, stages of “derivational history” and varieties of syntagmatic motivation of prefix verbs. The following conclusions were made: 1) full structural-semantic syntagmatic motivation – prefix verbs are motivated by syntactic microstructures, including non-prefix verb and prepositional-nominal constructs, in which preposition is materially and semantically analogous to prefix; 2) semi syntagmatic motivation – prefix verbs are motivated by syntactic microstructures, including non-prefix verb and adverb or combination of noun with preposition, consonant with prefix semantically, but not formally.
Calquing of the English-language collocations as one of the productive ways of borrowing in the modern French language
Authors: Minova Nina Petrovna , Kasimirova Irina Sergeevna , Mamukina Galina Ivanovna , Phedorova Anna Valeryevna , Suprunov Semen Evgenyevich
Published: April 2020

The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the fact colloquial languages are in a state of constant change and development, generating new words and expressions for designating new concepts and phenomena. The understanding of neologism even in the native language often can be fraught with certain difficulties, as such words and phrases are registered by dictionaries behind time. It also can create problems in translating neologisms into another language, as well as their borrowing by other languages. The goal of this work consists in examination of the process of calquing of the newly formed English-language collocations by the French language. The subject of the article is the full calques and half-calques of collocations of English origin in the process of their integration into the modern French language. Methodology is based on the lexicographic, descriptive and comparative methods, cognitive and lexical-semantic analysis, and continuous sampling. The conducted research displays that in borrowing collocations from the English language by the modern French language, the generalized-descriptive reconsideration of the entire phrase is observed in formation of a new phraseological with regards to both, full calques of English phraseologisms and phraseological half-calques. Special interest present the calques of the English collocation of phraseological and non-phraseological nature, which in the French language get an expanded meaning, or become the basis for formation of new phraseologisms due to broadening of their meaning.
Linguistic status of paremias in the Russian and American political discourse
Authors: Guzova Alexandra Viktorovna , Savitskaya Natal'ya Vasil'evna , Dedova Ol'ga Vital'evna , Ivolina Tat'yana Viktorovna
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of utilization of paremiological linguistic means in the Russian and American political discourse. The goal consists in establishing linguistic status of paremiological means in the Russian and American political discourse. Based on the speeches of Russian and American politicians, the author demonstrates the use of paremias in political discourse and underlines their influential role. The article explores the peculiarities of utilization of different paremias in the political discourse, provides statistical data regarding the frequency of mainstreaming of different types of paremias in the Russian and American political discourse. Research methodology leans on regulations pertaining to categorization of the political world in the genres of political aphorism, as well as the methods of systematization and generalization, continuous sampling, discursive analysis, content analysis and statistical method. The results may be valuable of the courses of rhetoric and stylistics of the Russian and English languages. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this research is first to demonstrate the linguistic statuses of paremias in the Russian and American political discourse from the perspective of their convincing and manipulative function.
Focalization of key meanings in the portrait ekphrasis
Authors: Iarovikova Iuliia Vladimirovna
Published: April 2020

This article is dedicated to the explication of key meanings in the ekphrastic novel by Oscar Wilde “Picture of Dorian Gray” through the prism of emotional state and attitude of the protagonist in the situation of perception of his own portrait. Structured by antithetic principles novel is based on the semantic dominant of wonderful / disgraceful. The wonderful implies beauty and youth of Dorian and is opposed to his soul and morality, experiencing fatal transformations associated with the moral decay of personality. Thus, the object of research becomes the semantic dominant of wonderful / disgraceful alongside additional key meanings (semantic antinomies) it is based upon. The subject of research is the linguistic markers of focalization of key essences in the portrait ekphrasis, which resemble the character’s evaluation and comprehension of such categories as wonderful / disgraceful, beauty / ugliness, youth / old age, etc. Focalization is viewed as one of the cognitive mechanisms of ekphrasis, which emphasizes most significant from the character’s perspective information that translates his subjective, emotionally colored attitude to the object of perception. Determination of the key meanings is achieved through accumulation of linguistic means, namely lexical-semantic markers and markers of nonverbal communication code. Such means enhance the expressiveness and focus attention of the audience on the sharp comparison of the concepts and images, highlighting the main motif, semantic dominant that serves as the foundation for the entire novel.
Finding patterns in cortical responses
Authors: Sanzeni Alessandro , Histed Mark H
Published: April 2020

Simulations predict a paradoxical effect that should be revealed by patterned stimulation of the cortex.
Comparative proteogenomics profiling of non-small and small lung carcinoma cell lines using mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Jingyu , Hao Zhifang , Ma Chen , Li Pengfei , Dang Liuyi , Sun Shisheng
Published: April 2020

Background

Evidences indicated that non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) might originate from the same cell type, which however ended up to be two different subtypes of lung carcinoma, requiring different therapeutic regimens. We aimed to identify the differences between these two subtypes of lung cancer by using integrated proteome and genome approaches.

Methods and Materials

Two representative cell lines for each lung cancer subtype were comparatively analysed by quantitative proteomics, and their corresponding transcriptomics data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The integrated analyses of proteogenomic data were performed to determine key differentially expressed proteins that were positively correlated between proteomic and transcriptomic data.

Result

The proteomics analysis revealed 147 differentially expressed proteins between SCLC and NSCLC from a total of 3,970 identified proteins. Combined with available transcriptomics data, we further confirmed 14 differentially expressed proteins including six known and eight new lung cancer related proteins that were positively correlated with their transcriptomics data. These proteins are mainly involved in cell migration, proliferation, and invasion.

Conclusion

The proteogenomic data on both NSCLC and SCLC cell lines presented in this manuscript is complementary to existing genomic and proteomic data related to lung cancers and will be crucial for a systems biology-level understanding of the molecular mechanism of lung cancers. The raw mass spectrometry data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD015270.
Lightness induction enhancements and limitations at low frequency modulations across a variety of stimulus contexts
Authors: Vinke Louis Nicholas , Yazdanbakhsh Arash
Published: April 2020

Lightness illusions are often studied under static viewing conditions with figures varying in geometric design, containing different types of perceptual grouping and figure-ground cues. A few studies have explored the perception of lightness induction while modulating lightness illusions continuously in time, where changes in perceived lightness are often linked to the temporal modulation frequency, up to around 2–4 Hz. These findings support the concept of a cut-off frequency for lightness induction. However, another critical change (enhancement) in the magnitude of perceived lightness during slower temporal modulation conditions has not been addressed in previous temporal modulation studies. Moreover, it remains unclear whether this critical change applies to a variety of lightness illusion stimuli, and the degree to which different stimulus configurations can demonstrate enhanced lightness induction in low modulation frequencies. Therefore, we measured lightness induction strength by having participants cancel out any perceived modulation in lightness detected over time within a central target region, while the surrounding context, which ultimately drives the lightness illusion, was viewed in a static state or modulated continuously in time over a low frequency range (0.25–2 Hz). In general, lightness induction decreased as temporal modulation frequency was increased, with the strongest perceived lightness induction occurring at lower modulation frequencies for visual illusions with strong grouping and figure-ground cues. When compared to static viewing conditions, we found that slow continuous surround modulation induces a strong and significant increase in perceived lightness for multiple types of lightness induction stimuli. Stimuli with perceptually ambiguous grouping and figure-ground cues showed weaker effects of slow modulation lightness enhancement. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to the existence of a cut-off frequency, an additional critical temporal modulation frequency of lightness induction exists (0.25–0.5 Hz), which instead maximally enhances lightness induction and seems to be contingent upon the prevalence of figure-ground and grouping organization.
Site selection for subtropical thicket restoration: mapping cold-air pooling in the South African sub-escarpment lowlands
Authors: Duker Robbert , Cowling Richard M. , van der Vyver Marius L. , Potts Alastair J.
Published: April 2020

Restoration of subtropical thicket in South Africa using the plant Portulacaria afra (an ecosystem engineer) has been hampered, in part, by selecting sites that are frost prone—this species is intolerant of frost. Identifying parts of the landscape that are exposed to frost is often challenging. Our aim is to calibrate an existing cold-air pooling (CAP) model to predict where frost is likely to occur in the valleys along the sub-escarpment lowlands (of South Africa) where thicket is dominant. We calibrated this model using two valleys that have been monitored during frost events. To test the calibrated CAP model, model predictions of frost-occurrence for six additional valleys were assessed using a qualitative visual comparison of existing treelines in six valleys—we observe a strong visual match between the predicted frost and frost-free zones with the subtropical thicket (frost-intolerant) and Nama-Karoo shrubland (frost-tolerant) treelines. In addition, we tested the model output using previously established transplant experiments; ∼300 plots planted with P. afra (known as the Thicket-Wide Plots) were established across the landscape—without consideration of frost—to assess the potential factors influencing the survival and growth of P. afra. Here we use a filtered subset of these plots (n = 70), and find that net primary production of P. afra was significantly lower in plots that the model predicted to be within the frost zone. We suggest using this calibrated CAP model as part of the site selection process when restoring subtropical thicket in sites that lie within valleys—avoiding frost zones will greatly increase the likelihood of restoration success.
Vaccination of Tilapia against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia: A Review
Authors: Shirajum Monir Md. , Yusoff Sabri Mohd , Mohamad Aslah , Ina-Salwany M. Y.
Published: April 2020

The production of tilapia Oreochromis spp. is rapidly growing throughout the world, but atypical motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) is a current threat to the tilapia farming industry. The etiological agent of this disease is usually Aeromonas hydrophila. Mortality rates due to MAS are frequently high, resulting in a devastating negative impact on this industry worldwide; therefore, proper control measures regarding both prevention and treatment are necessary. Although vaccines against MAS for tilapia are available, their effectiveness is entirely dependent on the specific strain of problematic bacteria. Until now, whole-cell inactivated A. hydrophila vaccines for tilapia have exhibited the highest level of protection over live attenuated and recombinant vaccines. Among the various vaccine administration systems, only intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the A. hydrophila vaccine into tilapia were found to provide prominent immune protection. Vaccine efficacy was primarily measured by using the i.p. injection challenge model and estimating the relative percent survival of the immunized tilapia. Freund's incomplete adjuvant showed to be the most effective for tilapia MAS vaccines. In this review, multiple factors that directly or indirectly influence the efficacy of MAS vaccines for tilapia (adjuvants, challenge models, immunization doses and duration, and size of vaccinated fish) are discussed.
Nonoxidized MXene Quantum Dots Prepared by Microexplosion Method for Cancer Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Li Xuesong , Liu Feng , Huang Dapeng , Xue Ni , Dang Yangyang , Zhang Mengqi , Zhang Leilei , Li Bo , Liu Duo , Wang Lei , Liu Hong , Tao Xutang
Published: April 2020

Nanocatalysts based on Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions for amplification of intracellular oxidative stress has become a frontier research area of tumor precise therapy. However, the major translational challenges are low catalytic efficiency, poor biocompatibility, and even potential toxicities. Here, a Ti‐based material with excellent biocompatibility is proposed for cancer treatment. The nonoxidized MXene‐Ti3C2Tx quantum dots (NMQDs‐Ti3C2Tx) are successfully prepared by a self‐designed microexplosion method. Surprisingly, it has an apparent inhibitory and killing effect on cancer cells, and excellent biocompatibility with normal cells. Moreover, the suppression rate of NMQDs‐Ti3C2Tx on xenograft tumor models can reach 91.9% without damaging normal tissues. Mechanistically, the Ti3+ of NMQDs‐Ti3C2Tx can react with H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment and high‐efficiently produce excessive toxic hydroxyl radicals to increase tumor microvascular permeability to synergistically kill cancer cells. This work should pave the way for tumor catalytic therapy applications of Ti‐based material as a promising and safer route.
Complement Receptor Targeted Liposomes Encapsulating the Liver X Receptor Agonist GW3965 Accumulate in and Stabilize Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Benne Naomi , Martins Cardoso Renata , Boyle Aimee L. , Kros Alexander , Jiskoot Wim , Kuiper Johan , Bouwstra Joke , Van Eck Miranda , Slütter Bram
Published: April 2020

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the retention of lipids in foam cells in the arterial intima. The liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 is a promising therapeutic compound, since it induces reverse cholesterol transport in foam cells. However, hepatic LXR activation increases plasma and liver lipid levels, inhibiting its clinical development. Herein, a formulation that specifically enhances GW3965 deposition in the atherosclerotic lesion is aimed to be developed. GW3965 is encapsulated in liposomes functionalized with the cyclic peptide Lyp‐1 (CGNKRTRGC), which binds the p32 receptor expressed on foam cells. These liposomes show preferential uptake by foam cells in vitro and higher accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques in mice compared to non‐targeted liposomes as determined by in vivo imaging. Flow cytometry analysis of plaques reveals increased retention of Lyp‐1 liposomes in atherosclerotic plaque macrophages compared to controls (p < 0.05). Long term treatment of established plaques in LDLR ‐/‐ mice with GW3965‐containing Lyp‐1 liposomes significantly reduces plaque macrophage content by 50% (p < 0.01). Importantly, GW3965‐containing Lyp‐1 liposomes do not increase plasma or hepatic lipid content. Thus, GW3965‐containing Lyp‐1 liposomes successfully target the atherosclerotic macrophages allowing plaque stabilization without commonly observed side effects of LXR agonists.
Catalyst‐Free and Visible Light Promoted Aminofluoroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes: An Access to Fluorinated Aziridines
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Xiao , Jia Jia , Wang Ze , Zhang Yu‐Ting , Chen Jiao , Yang Ke , He Chun‐Yang , Zhao Liang
Published: April 2020

Fluorinated aziridines are very important structural motifs, but methods access to such structures are still very rare. In this paper, we report a mild, catalyst‐free and operationally simple strategy for the direct aminofluoroalkylation of olefins driven by the noncovalent interaction between N‐allylanilines and fluoroalkyl iodides. This photochemical transformation features synthetic simplicity, mild reaction conditions, without the use of any photoredox catalyst, and high functional group tolerance. Moreover, the structures can be used as important precursors for the synthesis of β‐fluoroalkylated alkylamine derivatives, such as fluorinated amino acids and fluorinated 2‐pyrrolidinones.

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In Situ Growth of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Single Crystal Arrays on Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Tang Xiaobing , Chen Wei , Wu Dan , Gao Aijing , Li Gaomin , Sun Jiayun , Yi Kangyuan , Wang Zhaojin , Pang Guotao , Yang Hongcheng , Guo Renjun , Liu Haochen , Zhong Huaying , Huang Mingyuan , Chen Rui , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Sun Xiao Wei , Wang Kai
Published: April 2020

Directly growing perovskite single crystals on charge carrier transport layers will unravel a promising route for the development of emerging optoelectronic devices. Herein, in situ growth of high‐quality all‐inorganic perovskite (CsPbBr3) single crystal arrays (PeSCAs) on cubic zinc oxide (c‐ZnO) is reported, which is used as an inorganic electron transport layer in optoelectronic devices, via a facile spin‐coating method. The PeSCAs consist of rectangular thin microplatelets of 6–10 µm in length and 2–3 µm in width. The deposited c‐ZnO enables the formation of phase‐pure and highly crystallized cubic perovskites via an epitaxial lattice coherence of (100)CsPbBr3∥(100)c‐ZnO, which is further confirmed by grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. The PeSCAs demonstrate a significant structural stability of 26 days with a 9 days excellent photoluminescence stability in ambient environment, which is much superior to the perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs). The high crystallinity of the PeSCAs allows for a lower density of trap states, longer carrier lifetimes, and narrower energetic disorder for excitons, which leads to a faster diffusion rate than PeNCs. These results unravel the possibility of creating the interface toward c‐ZnO heterogeneous layer, which is a major step for the realization of a better integration of perovskites and charge carrier transport layers.
Cooperative Application of Conventional and Microwave Heating
Authors: Fulo Harvey F. , Vincent Morgan A. , Stiegman Albert E. , Dudley Gregory B.
Published: April 2020

The coordinated, cooperative use of microwave heating with conventional heating can provide advantages in chemical synthesis. Here, heterogeneous mixtures comprising ionic, highly microwave‐absorbing organic reagents and nearly microwave‐transparent arene solvents are heated conventionally and/or with microwaves, resulting in faster and, in some cases, higher yielding reactions when the two heating methods are applied cooperatively as compared to either method independently. Control experiments in more polar arene solvents show no advantage of cooperative heating, consistent with selective microwave heating phenomena. The experiments are facilitated by reactor technology that regulates internal reaction temperature and coordinates the application of conventional and microwave heating. The positive outcomes in this initial exploratory system suggest that cooperative heating can offer benefits in other systems designed for selective microwave heating.
Specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with perennial rhinitis: a systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Liang , Lei Lijuan , Cai Yinghuang , Li Tianlin
Published: April 2020

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a major public health problem and is increasing worldwide. AR affects children's learning efficiency, sleep quality, and other major aspects of life. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is effective and safe for children with seasonal AR, but for children with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) caused by house dust mites (HDM), its effectiveness and safety is less convincing.

Methods

Medical literature databases up to 2019 were searched for published and unpublished pieces of evidence. Studies were individually screened by 2 reviewers against the eligibility criteria. Primary outcomes were total nasal symptoms scores (TNSS) and total medication scores (TMS). The secondary outcomes were total ocular symptoms scores and adverse events (AEs). Random effect models and fixed‐effect models were used to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR), respectively.

Results

We identified 3772 abstracts, of which only 16 studies met our established criteria. SLIT significantly reduced TNSS (SMD –1.73; 95% CI, –2.62 to –0.84; p = 0.0001) and TMS (SMD –1.21; 95% CI, –1.75 to –0.67; p < 0.00001). Compared with children taking placebo, children taking SLIT were 1.08 (95% CI, 1 to 1.17; p = 0.05), 1.15 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.51; p = 0.32), and 1.68 (95% CI, 0.68 to 4.11; p = 0.26) times more likely to develop mild, moderate, and severe AEs, respectively.

Conclusion

HDM SLIT can effectively alleviate TNSS and TMS in children with PAR, but care should be taken to avoid harm due to possible adverse drug reactions.
Dual‐Shelled RbLi(Li3SiO4)2:Eu2+@Al2O3@ODTMS Phosphor as a Stable Green Emitter for High‐Power LED Backlights
Authors: Zhao Ming , Cao Kun , Liu Mengjia , Zhang Jing , Chen Rong , Zhang Qinyuan , Xia Zhiguo
Published: April 2020

The stability of luminescent materials is a key factor for the practical application in white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Poor chemical stability of narrow‐band green‐emitting RbLi(Li3SiO4)2:Eu2+ (RLSO:Eu2+) phosphor hinders their further commercialization even if they have excellent stability against thermal quenching. Herein, we propose an efficient protection scheme by combining the surface coating of amorphous Al2O3 and hydrophobic modification by octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) to construct the moisture‐resistant dual‐shelled RLSO:Eu2+@Al2O3@ODTMS composite. The growth mechanisms of both the Al2O3 inorganic layer and the silane organic layer on the phosphor surface are investigated. The results remarkably improve the water‐stability of this narrow‐band green emitter. The evaluation of the white LED by employing this composite as the green component demonstrates that RLSO:Eu2+@Al2O3@ODTMS is a promising candidate for the high‐performance display backlights, and this dual‐shelled strategy provides an alternative method to improve the moisture‐resistant property of humidity‐sensitive phosphors.
Elektro‐reduktive Cobalt‐katalysierte Carboxylierung: Kreuzelektrophile Elektrokupplung mit atmosphärischem CO2
Authors: Ang Nate W. J. , Oliveira João C. A. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: April 2020

Die chemische Verwendung von CO2 als kostengünstiges und ungiftiges C1‐Synthon ist von bedeutendem Interesse für den Kohlenstoffhaushalt in Bezug auf Einfang und Verwendung (CCU). Wir präsentieren die Fusion von Cobalt‐Katalyse und elektrochemischer Synthese für die milde katalytische Carboxylierung von Allylchloriden mit CO2. Styrylessigsäure‐Derivate wurden mit mäßigen bis guten Ausbeuten und guter Toleranz gegenüber funktionellen Gruppen erhalten. Die so erhaltenen Produkte sind als vielseitige Synthons für γ‐Arylbutyrolactone nützlich. Cyclovoltammetrie und kinetische In‐operando‐Analysen wurden durchgeführt, um mechanistische Einblicke in die elektrokatalytische Carboxylierung mit CO2 zu erhalten.
A Honeycomb‐Like Bulk Superstructure of Carbon Nanosheets for Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage
Authors: Zou Lianli , Hou Chun‐Chao , Wang Qiuju , Wei Yong‐Sheng , Liu Zheng , Qin Jun‐Sheng , Pang Huan , Xu Qiang
Published: April 2020

Superstructures have attracted extensive attention because of their potential applications in materials science and biology. Herein, we fabricate the first centimeter‐sized porous superstructure of carbon nanosheets (SCNS) by using metal–organic framework nanoparticles as a template and polyvinylpyrrolidone as an additional carbon source. The SCNS shows a honeycomb‐like morphology with wall‐sharing carbon cages, in each cavity of which a porous carbon sphere is encapsulated. A single piece of SCNS is directly used as the electrode for a two‐electrode symmetrical supercapacitor cell without any binders and supports, benefiting from its advantage in ultra‐large geometric size, and the Fe‐immobilized SCNS exhibits excellent catalytic performances for oxygen reduction reaction and in a Zn–air battery. This synthetic strategy presents a facile approach for preparing functional SCNS at centimetric scale with controllable morphologies and compositions favoring the fabrication of energy devices.
Refactoring the Concise Biosynthetic Pathway of Cyanogramide Unveils Spirooxindole Formation Catalyzed by a P450 Enzyme
Authors: Zhu Yiguang , Zhang Qingbo , Fang Chunyan , Zhang Yingli , Ma Liang , Liu Zhiwen , Zhai Shilan , Peng Jing , Zhang Liping , Zhu Weiming , Zhang Changsheng
Published: April 2020

Cyanogramide (1) from the marine actinomycete Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus WH1‐2216‐6 features a unique spirooxindole skeleton and exhibits significant bioactivity to efficiently reverse drug resistance in tumor cells. The biosynthetic gene cluster of 1 in A. cyanogriseus WH1‐2216‐6 was identified and refactored by promoter engineering for heterologous expression in Streptomyces coelicolor YF11, thereby enabling the production of 1 and five new derivatives. Interesting, four of them, including 1, were identified as enantiomeric mixtures in different ratios. The functions of tailoring enzymes, including two methyltransferases (CyaEF), and three cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CyaGHI) were confirmed by gene inactivation and feeding experiments, leading to the elucidation of a concise biosynthetic pathway for 1. Notably, CyaH was biochemically verified to catalyze the formation of the spirooxindole skeleton in 1 through an unusual carbocation‐mediated semipinacol‐type rearrangement reaction.
Measurement of Solubilization Location in Micelles Using Anchored Aggregation‐Induced Emission Donors
Authors: Guan Weijiang , Yang Tingting , Lu Chao
Published: April 2020

Solubilization locations play a critical role in developing advanced surfactants and improving solubilization power in micelle‐based applications. However, the current polarity‐based techniques for measuring solubilization locations could come to conflicting conclusions. The key challenge is the unpredictable polarities in the micellar microenvironment. Now, an approach that is independent of micellar polarities is used to measure solubilization locations by covalently linking tetraphenylethylene (TPE) to the alkyl chain end of cationic surfactants. The solubilization locations of solubilized acceptors in the TPE‐cored spherical micelles were accurately measured by calculating the Förster resonance energy transfer distance between anchored TPE donors and solubilized acceptors. Solubilization locations of solubilized substances in the micellar interior and at the micellar surface depend on their size and hydrophobicity, respectively.
Poly(acrylic acid)/poly(acrylamide) hydrogel adsorbent for removing methylene blue
Authors: Lv Qingyun , Shen Yong , Qiu Yu , Wu Min , Wang Liming
Published: April 2020

Cationic dye can cause severe damage to the environment due to their refractory degradation, complex composition and strong stability. Hydrogels as adsorbents have been widely used to treatment the wastewater with dyestuff for their low prices, simple operations, and high efficiency. This work uses poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/poly(acrylamide)(PAM)/calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (CHN) polymeric hydrogel absorbent to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye. First, PAM/PAA/CHN hydrogel is produced through copolymerization of acrylic acid monomer and acrylamide monomer using inorganic CHN as cross‐linker. And then, the adsorption performance of such PAM/PAA/CHN hydrogel adsorbent for adsorbing MB dye is explored at different conditions including pH, contacting time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of MB, and temperature. A maximum adsorption capability for adsorbing MB reaches 1,056 mg/g. Furthermore, the pseudo‐first‐order mode and Langmuir isotherm model can well describe adsorption behavior of MB dye onto such PAA/PAM/CHN hydrogel adsorbent. Thereby, as‐prepared PAA/PAM/CHN hydrogel could be a potential adsorbent for eliminating organic dyes from wastewater.
NIR‐responsive Fe3O4@PPy nanocomposite for efficient potential use in photothermal therapy
Authors: Getiren Bengü , Çıplak Zafer , Gökalp Ceren , Yıldız Nuray
Published: April 2020

In this work, superparamagnetic Fe3O4@PPy nanocomposite with core‐shell structure having strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption is synthesized via a facile two‐step modified procedure. The prepared nanocomposite samples are characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, SEM, TEM, VSM, and XRD. The effects of laser power density (1.5–2.5 W cm−2) and aqueous concentration (0.01–0.2 mg ml−1) of the nanocomposite on the photothermal performance are investigated in the NIR region (808 nm). At 0.1 mg ml−1 concentration, the temperature reaches up to 50.1°C, 64.1°C, and 78.4°C within 10 min, under 1.5 W cm−2, 2.0 W cm−2, and 2.5 W cm−2 NIR laser power density values, respectively. Photothermal conservation efficiency is calculated as 43.9% and the nanocomposite exhibits excellent photothermal stability. In summary, the core‐shell Fe3O4@PPy nanocomposite is a promising candidate for photothermal therapy and simultaneous magnetic field‐guided treatments.
One‐step fabrication of superhydrophobic sponge with magnetic controllable and flame‐retardancy for oil removing and collecting
Authors: Liang Ling , Liu Pengfei , Su Haijian , Qian Hang , Ma Hongkun
Published: April 2020

Water pollution arising from oil spillage and chemical leakage has emerged as a critical problem imposing threat to the human and animal health. Effective removal of oils and chemical from water has become a global challenge. Recently, superhydrophobic/superoleophilic magnetic controllable (SHPB‐SOPI‐MC) porous materials have attracted more attention in the field of oil‐removing because of the high selectivity, large absorption capacity, easy collection, and ideal recyclability. Moreover, in order to keep safety, the fire proofing performance should be taken into consideration. Therefore, fabricating SHPB‐SOPI‐MC porous materials with flame‐retardancy through a low cost and simple strategy is necessary but also challenging. In this work, an ultrasound‐assisted dip‐coating method was applied to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane‐vermiculite‐Fe3O4 (PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4) coating onto discarded polyurethane (d‐PU) sponge, which exhibited superhydrophobic, superoleophilic, magnetic controllable, and flame‐resistant properties. The PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4@d‐PU sponge owned excellent mechanical durability, chemical stability, and long‐term storage stability. Importantly, the PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4@d‐PU sponge instantly adsorbed oil floating on water under magnetic field driving. Furthermore, PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4@d‐PU sponge absorbed various oils and chemical with ideal selectivity, absorption capacity (up to 40 times of its own weight), speed, and recyclability (exceeding 100 cycles). These findings suggested that PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4@d‐PU sponge was a promising oil‐removing material for practical application of oil spills cleanup.
UPLC–MS/MS simultaneous determination of seven active ingredients of Yaobitong capsule in rat plasma and its integrated pharmacokinetic application
Authors: Deng Yajie , Li Xianhui , Xiao Wei , Wang Zhenzhong , Xiong Zhili , Zhao Longshan
Published: April 2020

A reliable and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method was first established and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven active ingredients of Yaobitong capsule in rat plasma: ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, osthole, tetrahydropalmatine, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and ferulic acid. And this method was further applied for the integrated pharmacokinetic study of Yaobitong capsule in rats after oral administration. Plasma samples (100 μL) were precipitated with 300 μL of methanol using carbamazepine as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Aquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. The method was validated using a good linear relationship (r ≥ 0.991), and the lower limit of quantification of the analytes ranged from 0.5 to 40 ng/mL. In the integrated pharmacokinetic study, the weight coefficient was calculated by the ratio of AUC0–∞ of each component to the total AUC0–∞ of the seven active ingredients. The integrated pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, and t1/2 were 81.54 ± 9.62 ng/mL, 1.00 ± 0.21 h, and 3.26 ± 1.14 h, respectively. The integration of pharmacokinetic parameters showed a shorter t1/2 because of fully considering the contribution of the characteristics of each active ingredient to the overall pharmacokinetics.
High‐throughput serum metabolomics analysis of gouty arthritis rat treated by total saponins of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Makino by UPLC–Q/TOF–MS
Authors: Yu Donghua , Wang Yu , Yu Chunmiao , Song Mingyang , Zhou Qi , Liu Shumin
Published: April 2020

Rhizoma Dioscoreae Makino (RDM) is effective in treating gouty arthritis (GA) and hyperuricacidemia, especially in promoting uric acid excretion and reducing the inflammatory reaction. Bioactive constituents in RDM are mainly steroidal saponins such as dioscin, trillin, protodioscin and protogracillin. However, the mechanism of its anti‐GA action is still unclear, owing to the complex pathological and physiological characteristics of GA, and integration of RDM with multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways. Herein, a GA rat model was induced with monosodium urate (MSU), and RDM reduced inflammation of rat synovium tissue. Through metabolomics analysis, 35 potential biomarkers with significant changes involved in the pathogenesis of GA induced by MSU were identified, and perturbations were restored after RDM treatment. The most correlated pathways involved in d‐galactose, d‐mannose, d‐glucose, myoinositol, Phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/16:0), LysoPC (15:0), phosphatidic acid (PA) [18:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z)] and glutathione induced by MSU were galactose metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and glutathione metabolism, and the derivations of all those biomarkers could be regulated by RDM treatment. RDM has a therapeutic effect on GA by intervening in changes in endogenous metabolisms and the related metabolic pathways.
Enhancing corporate sustainable development: Proactive environmental strategy, stakeholder pressure and the moderating effect of firm size
Authors: Seroka‐Stolka Oksana , Fijorek Kamil
Published: April 2020

The article evaluates the influence of pressure of 10 distinct types of stakeholders on the adoption of environmental strategies, with the special focus on the proactive environmental strategy (PES). The moderation effect of the company size on this relationship is investigated in depth. The existence of the relationship between stakeholder pressure and environmental strategies has been explored by numerous studies. The study adds significantly to this ongoing discussion as the moderation effect of the company size was explored scarcely so far in the literature. The results from the multinomial logistic regression models confirmed almost unanimously the effect of stakeholder pressure and the presence of the moderation. Positive, but nonlinear, direct and moderated effect of pressures of regulators, competitors, clients, NGOs, media, shareholders and employees on PES was discovered. In case of suppliers, consumers and top management, the pressure–PES relation was more complex. Also, large companies seem to be more resilient to pressures than the smaller ones when adopting PES.
Recent advances in domesticating non‐model microorganisms
Authors: Fatma Zia , Schultz J. Carl , Zhao Huimin
Published: April 2020

Non‐model microorganisms have been increasingly explored as microbial cell factories for production of chemicals, fuels, and materials owing to their unique physiology and metabolic capabilities. However, these microorganisms often lack facile genetic tools for strain development, which hinders their adoption as production hosts. In this review, we describe recent advances in domestication of non‐model microorganisms, including bacteria, actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, yeast, and fungi, with a focus on the development of genetic tools. In addition, we highlight some successful applications of non‐model microorganisms as microbial cell factories.
Wireless bioreactor for anaerobic cultivation of bacteria
Authors: Lin Ding‐Shun , Lee Chih‐Hsien , Yang Ya‐Tang
Published: April 2020

Anaerobic cultivation methods of bacteria are indispensable in microbiology. One methodology is to cultivate the microbes in anaerobic enclosure with oxygen‐adosrbing chemicals. Here, we report an electronic extension of such strategy for facultative anaerobic bacteria. The technique is based a bioreactor with entire operation including turbidity measurement, fluidic mixing, and gas delivery in an anaerobic enclosure. Wireless data transmission is employed and the anaerobic condition is achieved with gas pack. Although the technique is not meant to completely replace the anaerobic chamber for strict anaerobic bacteria, it provides a convenient way to bypass the cumbersome operation in anaerobic chamber for facultative anaerobic bacteria. Such a cultivation strategy is demonstrated with Escherichia coli with different carbon sources and hydrogen as energy source.
An AI‐based virtual simulation experimental teaching system in space engineering education
Authors: Shen Yang , Yu Peng , Lu Hang , Zhang Xiangling , Zeng Haijun
Published: April 2020

In recent years, cognitive computing has represented an artifical intelligence (AI)‐based application of the next‐generation interaction among human beings. This study analyses the cognitive internet of things and proposes a Soft K‐Means Fuzzy Clustering approach. The paper presents the data collection procedure from the space applications, the data analysis by cognitive computing, and the ways of overcoming problems of scalability and flexibility. The interactions between robot team members and people become necessary for many real‐life applications. This study mainly focuses on the precision and complexity of the model, time of computation, and scalability. Furthermore, it demonstrates the AI's ability to enhance the communication skills of the multirobot team by making complex activities to carry out all tasks more effectively.
The impact of health literacy on medico‐social follow‐up visits among French cancer survivors 5 years after diagnosis: The national VICAN survey
Authors: Ousseine Youssoufa M. , Bouhnik Anne‐Déborah , Peretti‐Watel Patrick , Sarradon‐Eck Aline , Memoli Victoria , Bendiane Marc‐Karim , Durand Marie‐Anne , Mancini Julien
Published: April 2020

Background

Long‐term medico‐social follow‐up of cancer survivors is a challenge because of frequent subsequent troubles. In particular survivors with lower health literacy (HL) have poorer health and might more often use primary care services. However, the impact of HL on cancer survivors’ medico‐social follow‐up visits is not known. Our aim was to study medico‐social follow‐up and its associated determinants with a focus on HL 5 years after diagnosis.

Methods

VICAN is a national survey of French adult cancer survivors 5 years after a primary cancer. The Single‐Item Literacy Screener was used to define functional HL in this sample. We also asked patients to report the frequency of follow‐up visits with a general practitioner (GP) and/or social worker (SW) regarding their cancer disease.

Results

The 4045 participants were 57.4 ± 12.9 years old at diagnosis (range 20‐82) and 1495 (37%) were classified as having inadequate HL. Most cancer survivors (66.7%) were followed up by a GP regarding their cancer while only 14.5% had contact with a SW. After adjustment for sociodemographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics, medico‐social follow‐ups (GP and SW visits) were more frequent among survivors with low HL. Furthermore, low income, unemployment, impaired mental health, treatment by chemotherapy, and perception of sequelae and fatigue were also associated with more frequent medico‐social follow‐up. Cancer localization association with medico‐social follow‐up was heterogeneous.

Conclusion

French cancer survivors with limited HL, lower socioeconomic status, and more severe cancer were more likely to use GP care and social services. Raising awareness and training GPs and SWs on medico‐social follow‐up for patients with limited HL seem necessary to support these vulnerable survivors.
Silica‐Assisted Fabrication of N‐doped Porous Carbon for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Hu Chao , Liang Sucen , Bai Silin , Yang Juan , Zhang Xu , Qiu Jieshan
Published: April 2020

Here we demonstrate a silica‐assisted strategy for the synthesis of N‐doped porous carbon nanoparticles from zeolitic imidazolate framework precursors. As a metal‐free electrocatalyst for N2 reduction to NH3 at ambient conditions, such porous carbon shows an improved catalytic performance compared with the counterpart without the assistance of silica, delivering a higher NH3 formation rate of 7.22 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and a Faradic efficiency of 7.42 % in 0.1 M HCl solution. The mesopores involved in the carbon catalyst are supposed to be responsible for the efficient electroreduction of N2.