bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a Longitudinal Medical Education Model (LMEM) Model to Teach Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Yao Michael , Uhr Lauren , Daghlian George , Amrute Junedh M. , Deshpande Ramya , Mathews, MD Benji , Patel, MD Sanjay A. , Henri, MD Ricardo , Liu, MD Gigi , Reierson, MD Kreegan , Johnson, MD Gordon
Published: July 2020

Background: Short-term medical missions prevail as the most common form of international medical volunteerism, but they are ill-suited for medical education and training local providers in resource-limited settings. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a longitudinal educational program in training clinicians how to perform point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in resource-limited clinics. Design: A retrospective study of a four-month POCUS training program was conducted with clinicians from a rural hospital in Haiti. The model included one-on-one, in-person POCUS teaching sessions by volunteer instructors from the United States and Europe. The Haitian trainees were assessed at the start of the program and at its conclusion by a direct objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), administered by the visiting instructors, with similar pre- and post- program ultrasound competency assessments. Results: Post-intervention, a significant improvement in POCUS competency was observed across six different fundamental areas of ultrasound (p < 0.0001). According to our objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), the mean assessment score increased from 0.47 to 1.68 out of a maximum score of 2 points, and each trainee showed significant overall improvement in POCUS competency independent of the initial competency pre-training (p < 0.005). There was a statistically significant improvement in POCUS application for five of the six medically relevant assessment categories tested. Conclusion: Our results provide a proof-of-concept for the longitudinal education-centered healthcare delivery framework in a resource-limited setting. Our longitudinal model provides local healthcare providers the skills to detect and diagnose significant pathologies, thereby reducing avoidable morbidity and mortality at little or no addition cost or risk to the patient. Furthermore, training local physicians obviates the need for frequent volunteering trips, saving costs in healthcare training and delivery.
Historia clínica: la escritura médica del relato del paciente a la narrativa médica
Authors: Miranda-Bastidas Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2020

A historical follow-up on the medical diaries about the patient is made, from the
Hippocratic texts to the appearance of the current canon of the clinical history
formulated by Boerhaave in the seventeenth century, through the medieval
consilia
and the
curationes
and
observationes
of the Renaissance; and it is discussed how
much the patient's story is present in those writings. It is postulated that the medical
narrative that starts from adequately listening to the patient and his story, and adopts
a literary workshop format, it is a pedagogical tool that contributes to comprehensive
medical training, and offers the patient the opportunity to be treated in an empathic
and humanized environment
A heterogeneidade linguística e social na sala de aula: reflexões para um ensino pautado na ciência
Authors: Araujo Silvana Silva de Farias , Silva Manoel Crispiano Alves da
Published: July 2020

A conferência proferida pelo professor Doutor Carlos Alberto Faraco teve como objetivo primordial apresentar as bases de uma Pedagogia da Variação Linguística. O conferencista defendeu que o professor de Línguas Portuguesa precisa trabalhar o fenômeno da variação linguística não de uma forma “folclorizada e cosmética”, como algo que ocorre apenas no falar rural, mas levar os alunos a compreenderem que a língua é uma realidade essencialmente heterogênea e essa heterogeneidade é funcional e intrínseca às línguas humanas, sendo condicionada por fatores sociais, geográficos, históricos e culturais, isto é, o professor tem que realizar um ensino de língua materna não pautado em dogmas, mas na ciência.
Tecnologia digital e educação
Authors: Fonseca Alyssandra Viana , Carvalho Letícia dos Santos , Lucena Nedja Lima de
Published: July 2020

A (não) utilização das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) no ensino sempre foi um tema muito debatido em cursos de formação inicial e continuada de professores. No contexto da pandemia e do necessário isolamento social, o uso das TDIC aplicadas ao ensino tem recebido relevo, com diferentes prismas e discussões não consensuais. Diante disso, objetivamos, através da presente resenha, discutir e destacar  algumas das questões levantadas durante a conferência “Tecnologia digital em época de pandemia”, ministrada pela professora Vera Menezes, que explana acerca da inserção da tecnologia digital em sociedade e da utilização dos recursos interacionais disponíveis na Web 2.0 no ensino, antes, durante e pós-pandemia.
As noções de letramento e autoria em suas relações com a dispersão e a deriva de sentidos
Authors: Noble Debbie Mello , Favaro Maria Helena
Published: July 2020

A fala da professora Leda Tfouni, intitulada Letramento e Autoria: Dispersão e Deriva de Sentidos, ocorreu em 05 de junho de 2020 durante a série de conferências e mesas-redondas promovidas pela Abralin. O objetivo da conferência proferida por Tfouni foi amalgamar reflexões acerca da forma como vem desenvolvendo as noções de letramento e autoria, especialmente em suas relações com os discursos orais e escritos. Tfouni entende que a autoria se dá mesmo em discursos orais, onde é mais interessante observá-la, uma vez que a deriva de sentidos é menos controlada e onde se instaura a dispersão inerente ao sujeito e a equivocidade como real da língua.
SHORTFALL IN INCOMES OF A REGIONAL GAS DISTRIBUTION ORGANIZATION: ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Authors: Lebedeva N. Yu. , Mitrofanova A. V.
Published: July 2020

The problem of generating shortfall in incomes in a gas distribution organization as a result of changes in the state`s institutional standards has been considered. Shortfall in incomes exacerbate the problem of a shortage of investment resources directed by a territorial organization to develop distribution networks. Thereby it has a negative impact on the region’s infrastructure development and on population’s life quality, especially rural population. The main part of the study has been made up of a comprehensive analysis of the shortfall in incomes of a gas distribution organization during 2015-2017, the process of their creation is described. Two methods for pricing shortfall in income: the existing order of calculation and the fixed-cost method have been compared. To estimate the shortfall in incomes elasticity by the connection number for individuals with the gas pipeline-inputs construction, a correlation-regression model has been built that has a high degree of reliability. This model can be used by an enterprise during the operational planning process. It has been concluded, that overcoming the growth tendency of shortfall in incomes is possible by reducing the balance value of the facility. Therefore, further research in this area should be aimed at finding ways to reduce the production cost.
BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES AS A PERSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF IMPROVING REMOTE BANK SERVICE
Authors: Shamanina E. I. , Zakharenko Yu. S.
Published: July 2020

The issues related to the developing and improving remote identification mechanism in the Russian banking sector have been considered. The main aspects of the process of collecting, processing, checking and storing biometric data, the functioning status of Single Biometric System (SBS) have been highlighted. The vulnerability and risks of using biometric technologies by banks have been noted. The key trends in the development of the international market of biometric technologies and their application in the banking sector have been presented, as well as current events on the implementation of biometric technologies in Russia. The prospects for the use of biometric technologies in the banking sector and directions for improving the technological infrastructure in order to protect data from unauthorized access have been outlined.
IMPROVEMENT OF INFORMATION BASE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE RADIO-ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY
Authors: Bunto E. A. , Dyakonova O. S.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of improving the information base of management accounting at the enterprises of the radio-electronic industry. It has been proved that the effective functioning of organizations of the radio-electronic industry is one of the sources of achieving sustainable socio-economic development of the country, and rational management is based on information resources, which are formed through the movement, processing and structuring of data necessary to improve the efficiency of the enterprise. Qualitative characteristics of management information has been given. The model of accounting and analytical system at the enterprises of the radio-electronic industry, based on the information base available to various users, from the position of the complex nature of theoretical, methodological and organizational issues, has been proposed. The most significant advantages of using the proposed model in the field of management accounting have been highlighted.
Computational Prediction of Mutational Effects on the SARS-CoV-2 Binding by Relative Free Energy Calculations
Authors: Zou Junjie , Yin Jian , Fang Lei , Yang Mingjun , Wang Tianyuan , Wu Weikun , Bellucci Michael A. , Zhang Peiyu
Published: July 2020

The ability of coronaviruses to infect humans is invariably associated with their binding strengths to human receptor proteins. Both SARS-CoV-2, initially named 2019-nCoV, and SARS-CoV were reported to utilize angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an entry receptor in human cells. To better understand the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2, we performed computational alanine scanning mutagenesis on the “hotspot” residues at protein-protein interfaces using relative free energy calculations. Our data suggest that the mutations in SARS-CoV-2 lead to a greater binding affinity relative to SARS-CoV. In addition, our free energy calculations provide insight into the infectious ability of viruses on a physical basis, and also provide useful information for the design of antiviral drugs.
MeteoMex: Open infrastructure for networked environmental monitoring and agriculture 4.0
Authors: Winkler Robert
Published: July 2020

Air, water, and soil are essential for terrestrial life, but pollution, overexploitation, and climate change jeopardize the availability of these primary resources. Thus, assuring human health and food production requires efficient strategies and technologies for environmental protection. Knowing key parameters such as soil moisture, air, and water quality is essential for smart farming and urban development. The MeteoMex project aims to build simple hardware kits and their integration into current Internet-of-Things (IoT) platforms. This paper shows the use of low-end Wemos D1 mini boards to connect environmental sensors to the open-source platform ThingsBoard. Two printed circuit boards (PCB) were designed for mounting components. Analog, digital and I2C sensors are supported. The Wemos ESP8266 microchip provides WiFi capability and can be programmed with the Arduino IDE. Application examples for the MeteoMex aeria and terra kits demonstrate their functionality for air quality, soil, and climate monitoring.Further, a prototype for monitoring wastewater treatment is shown, which exemplifies the capabilities of the Wemos board for signal processing. The data are stored in a PostgreSQL database, which enables data mining. The MeteoMex IoT system is highly scalable and of low cost, which makes it suitable for deployment in agriculture 4.0, industries, and public areas. Circuit drawings, PCB layouts, and code examples are free to download from https://github.com/robert-winkler/MeteoMex.
Attacking COVID-19 Progression using Multi-Drug Therapy for Synergetic Target Engagement
Authors: Coban Mathew , Morrison Juliet , Freeman William , S. Radisky Evette , Le Roch Karine , Caulfield Thomas
Published: July 2020

We are presenting our on going studies with inhibitory research on Tmprss2, S-protein:Ace2, and 3CLpro using compound screening coupled with X-ray crystallography, molecular modeling, live virus screening using host human cells (BSL3 facility at UC Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, and organ-on-a-chip at Harvard Medical School for safety profiling before proceeding to animal models with InVivo BioSystems for ADMET.

We have derived a useful chemical toolkit of 350 compounds for the community to study with biochemical assays and other biophysical-chemical studies that will prove useful in searching for optimal inhibitors of these targets to find suitable pharmacophores for blocking each of these enzyme's activities -- that would be beneficial for human health. Our past successes with these methodologies have resulted in over 28 patents, 11 technologies and two startup companies.
Local Crystallinity in Twisted Cellulose Nanofibers
Authors: Willhammar Tom , Daicho Kazuho , Johnstone Duncan , Kobayashi Kayoko , Liu Yingxin , Midgley Paul A. , Bergström Lennart , Saito Tsuguyuki
Published: July 2020

Cellulose is crystallized by plants and other organisms into fibrous nanocrystals. The mechanical properties of these nanofibers and the formation of helical superstructures with energy dissipating and adaptive optical properties depend on the ordering of polysaccharide chains within these nanocrystals, which is typically measured in bulk average. Direct measurement of the local polysaccharide chain arrangement has been elusive. In this study, we use the emerging technique of scanning electron diffraction to probe the packing of polysaccharide chains across cellulose nanofibers and to reveal local ordering of the chains in twisting sections of the nanofibers. We then use atomic force microscopy to shed light on the size dependence of the inherent driving force for cellulose nanofiber twisting. The direct measurement of crystalline twisted regions in cellulose nanofibers has important implications for understanding single cellulose fibril properties that influence the interactions between cellulose nanocrystals in dense assemblies. This understanding may enable cellulose extraction and separation processes to be tailored and optimized.
Reverse Polarity Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Amides via a Dual Iridium Catalyzed Hydrosilylation & SET Strategy
Authors: Rogova Tatiana , Gabriel Pablo , Zavitsanou Stamatia , Leitch Jamie , Duarte Fernanda , Dixon Darren J.
Published: July 2020

A new strategy for the mild generation of synthetically valuable α-amino radicals from robust tertiary amide building blocks has been developed. By combining Vaska’s complex-catalyzed tertiary amide reductive activation and photochemical single electron reduction into a streamlined tandem process, metastable hemiaminal intermediates were successfully transformed into nucleophilic α-amino free radical species. This umpolung approach to such reactive intermediates was exemplified through coupling with an electrophilic dehydroalanine acceptor, resulting in the synthesis of an array of α-functionalized tertiary amine derivatives, previously inaccessible from the amide starting materials. The utility of the strategy was expanded to include secondary amide substrates, intramolecular variants and late stage functionalization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. DFT analyses were used to establish the reaction mechanism and elements of the chemical system that were responsible for the reaction’s efficiency.
Palladium-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition via Two-Fold 1,3-C(sp3)−H Activation
Authors: Park Hojoon , yu jin-quan
Published: July 2020

Cycloaddition reactions provide an expeditious route to construct ring systems in a highly convergent and stereoselective manner. For a typical cycloaddition reaction to occur, however, the installation of multiple reactive functional groups (π-bonds, leaving group, etc.) are required within the substrates, compromising the overall efficiency or scope of the cycloaddition reaction. Here, we report a palladium-catalyzed [3+2] reaction that utilizes C(sp3)–H activation to generate the three-carbon unit for formal cycloaddition with maleimides. We implemented a strategy where the initial C(sp3)–H activation/olefin insertion would trigger a relayed, second remote C(sp3)–H activation to complete a formal [3+2] cycloaddition. The diastereoselectivity profile of this reaction resembles that of a typical pericyclic cycloaddition reaction in that the relationships between multiple stereocenters are exquisitely controlled in a single reaction. The key to success was the use of weakly coordinating amides as the directing group, as undesired Heck or alkylation pathways were preferred with other types of directing groups. The use of the pyridine-3-sulfonic acid ligands is critical to enable C(sp3)–H activation directed by this weak coordination. The method is compatible with a wide range of amide substrates, including lactams, which lead to novel spiro-bicyclic products. The [3+2] product is also shown to undergo a reductive desymmetrization process to access chiral cyclopentane bearing multiple stereocenters with excellent enantioselectivity.
Data-Driven Drug Repurposing for COVID-19
Authors: Mall Raghvendra , Elbasir Abdurrahman , Meer Hossam Al , Chawla Sanjay , Ullah Ehsan
Published: July 2020

Motivation: A global effort is underway to identify drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Since de novo drug design is an extremely long, time-consuming, and expensive process, efforts are underway to discover existing drugs that can berepurposed for COVID-19.

Model: We propose a machine learning representation framework that uses deep learning induced vector embeddings of drugs and viral proteins as features to predict drug-viral protein activity. The prediction model in-turn is used to build an ensemble framework to rank approved drugs based on their ability to inhibit the three main proteases (enzymes) of the SARS-COV-2 virus.

Results: We identify a ranked list of 19 drugs as potential targets including 7 antivirals, 6 anticancer, 3 antibiotics, 2 antimalarial, and 1 antifungal. Several drugs, such as Remdesivir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, and Hydroxychloroquine, in our ranked list, are currently in clinical trials. Moreover, through molecular docking simulations, we demonstrate that majority of the anticancer and antibiotic drugs in our ranked list have low binding energies and thus high binding affinity with the 3CL-pro protease of SARS-COV-2 virus.

Disclaimer: Our models are computational and the drugs suggested should not be taken for treating COVID-19 without a doctor's advice, as further wet-lab research and clinical trials are essential to elucidate their efficacy for this purpose.
Aggregation-Induced Symmetry Breaking from Achiral Systems
Authors: Zhang Haoke , Tsz Kin Kwok Ryan , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2020

Debates on the source of chirality have lasted for several centuries due to its significance for the exploration of the origin of life. It is still a thorny scientific problem that how the first chiral molecule is generated without any chiral factors. In this work, an interesting phenomenon, aggregation-induced symmetry breaking (AISB), is observed in achiral diphenylethylene and p-terphenyl derivatives. For compound (E)-1,2-Bis(2,4,5-trimethylphenyl)ethene (2,4,5-TMe-DPE), there is no chiroptical signal both in its solution and crystal state. However, unexpected chiroptical signals, circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), are observed in their aggregate state and the emission dissymmetry factor is as high as 0.015 at 70% water fraction. Meantime, time-dependent CD and CPL effect are also investigated which suggests that AISB involves both dynamic and kinetic processes. Calculation is further carried out to prove the existence of two enantiomers in diphenylethylene and p-terphenyl derivatives. Finally, we propose that the symmetry breaking in aggregate state might be caused by the difference of resolution rate to two enantiomers.
From the Traumas of the Caribbean to a Revival of Resistant Literature: A West Indian Discourse
Authors: Hassan Nayera Mohammed
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the history of the Caribbean peoples, their traumas, migrations, and their endeavors to recreate a collective cultural identity and go beyond their de-homing status. It focuses on the emergence of a resistant Caribbean literature that has helped in raising the voice of the Caribbean peoples. It conveys their yearnings, anxieties, and confusions, suggesting both geographic displacement and psychological dislocation. Within a post-colonial world that has remained dependent and underdeveloped, migration to Europe became an inevitable process. West Indian writers joined these successive waves of arriving migrants initiating a literature of exile. Later, several exiled post-colonial writers rejected the status of exile in favor of that of a migrant. This shift to the immigrant genre resulted in the writer's acceptance of his or her duality and ambivalence. In this study, the focus of research is to be narrowed down to Anglo-Caribbean writers and those of British West Indies. Hence, this approach to history adopts a descriptive documentary method, based on decisive incidents in the lives of these diasporic people. It relies, as well, on the opinions of theoreticians, writers, and scholars. The findings of this study indicated that Caribbean resistance, in the face of racism and marginalization, is an ongoing process in our contemporary world. They also showed an apparent revival of Caribbean writing, which scholars expect to play a role in enriching and adding to the British and American literatures.
COMPETÊNCIAS E HABILIDADES DO PROFESSOR GESTOR: atribuições no modelo multicampi
Authors: Aras Lina Maria Brandão de , Andrade Ana Claudia Pacheco de , Oliveira Luzinete Gama de
Published: July 2020

O artigo ocupa-se de evidenciar as habilidades pertinentes ao professor universitário que, ao longo da sua carreira, ocupa posições administrativas na Instituição de Educação Superior (IES). O interesse pelo tema está no fato de as autoras possuírem atuação na graduação, pós-graduação e extensão, e experiência em gestão universitária. O tema tem sido bem aceito nas discussões referentes à gestão, considerando que há uma disponibilidade maior de produções que versam sobre gestão escolar, o que evidencia a necessidade de se tratar o tema no universo da educação superior e que permite problematizar: faz-se necessário um perfil específico de professor gestor para atender ao modelo multicampia? A pesquisa delimita o professor gestor, em especial, o diretor de departamento e toma como campo de estudo a Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), fazendo, quando necessário, um diálogo com outras IES baianas: Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB) e Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC). A opção por esta instituição deve-se ao fato de, no conjunto, possuir natureza multicampi, em um total de vinte e quatro, enquanto a UESB possui dois campis. O objetivo do artigo consiste em evidenciar que, mesmo com experiência no ensino, na pesquisa e na extensão, é também exigido dos docentes o conhecimento da área administrativa que os habilite para o exercício da gestão. A metodologia adotada é pesquisa de natureza descritiva e abordagem qualitativa baseada em bibliografia, legislação e documentação pertinente ao funcionamento da IES. A pesquisa conclui demostrando que, o fato de a UNEB ser de natureza multicampi, possui um modelo de gestão próprio, de forma a atender a esta sua característica, o que implica no desenvolvimento de habilidades específicas para o professor gestor com o propósito de promover o desenvolvimento das funções da universidade de forma eficaz e eficiente.
QUESTÕES DE GÊNERO NA APRENDIZAGEM AO LONGO DA VIDA
Authors: Junior Antonio Carlos Dias , Caballero Alan
Published: July 2020

Nossa intenção é problematizar o discurso de gênero que opera concomitantemente o discurso neoliberal de Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida - UNESCO em políticas globais e locais, neste caso no Brasil. Para isto verificamos este discurso por meio de análise documental na Lei de Diretrizes e Base da Educação Nacional (1996), Declaração de Incheon (2015a), Relatório de Monitoramento Global de Educação Para Todos (2015b) e Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2017). A discussão e resultados apresentam essas políticas em concordância com uma lógica empreendedora que finda por reiterar binarismos e heterossexismos. Concluímos que políticas globais entendidas, sobretudo, pelos fluxos da performatividade competitiva de Stephen Ball podem exibir estruturas da performatividade de gênero de Judith Butler.
A NOVA GESTÃO PÚBLICA NA EDUCAÇÃO: uma análise das escolas “concertadas” na Espanha
Authors: Parente Juliano Mota
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a Nova Gestão Pública (NGP) na educação, investigando que elementos influenciaram o sistema educacional na Espanha. A administração pública moderna tem utilizado nas últimas décadas estratégias cada vez mais racionalistas, alinhadas a uma tendência de organização dos processos de gestão no contexto da globalização e da mercantilização dos serviços públicos. Neste sentido, os sistemas educacionais reproduzem esse contexto histórico, incorporando em suas práticas ações que reverberam as políticas de governo, corroborando as tendências internacionais que se amplificam no âmbito da globalização. O presente trabalho configura-se como um ensaio teórico que se fundamenta na legislação educacional por meio de elementos formais que nos auxiliaram na elaboração das categorias de análise. Diante das evidências apresentadas, podemos concluir que a NGP como um fenômeno internacional, tem sido incorporada na administração pública de vários países, inclusive na Espanha, com a argumentação de modernização do Estado e efetivação de mecanismos de monitoramento e regulação, influenciando nos sistemas educacionais de forma a estabelecer uma educação padronizada com foco no resultado.
Os processos urbanos sob a ótica da colonialidade do poder, do ser e do saber
Authors: Frigeri Ana Vittori , Santos Giordanna Laura da Silva
Published: July 2020

A partir da leitura crítica do Grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade que a princípio buscava pensar o advento da modernidade a partir da América Latina e que iniciou a discussão acerca das dimensões da colonialidade do poder, do ser e do saber (MIGNOLO, GROSFOGUEL, MALDONADO-TORRES, QUIJANO), a proposta do trabalho é relacionar a reprodução de uma matriz colonial de poder com os processos de urbanização, intervenção e ocupação dos espaços públicos urbanos no Brasil. Dessa forma, o texto busca discutir em bases gerais a proposta decolonial apontada pelo grupo latino americano e suas relações com a hierarquização das cidades na lógica do sistema-mundo moderno/colonial, com os modelos de planejamento urbano e com os modos de ocupar e de se apropriar os espaços públicos no Brasil. Portanto, a proposta aqui é apontar um caminho para uma atitude decolonial para o urbanismo e para a pesquisa sobre os espaços urbanos brasileiros.
Конструкции насаждений сливы домашней нового типа на юге России
Authors: Заремук Римма Шамсудиновна
Published: July 2020

Представлены итоги оценки различных конструкций насаждений сливы. Исследования проводили в Краснодарском крае (предгорная зона плодоводства) в 2011 – 2019 гг. Уровень урожайности насаждений сливы определяют генотип, сила роста подвоя, площадь питания и тип формирования кроны. Доказано, что собственно клоновые подвои на 1 – 2 года снижают начало плодоношения. В почвенно-климатических условиях южного региона и в условиях воздействия ежегодных стрессов установлены наиболее продуктивные структуры для закладки сада сливы: Кабардинская ранняя/ВВА-1 с площадью питания дерева 5,0 × 1,5 м, Кабардинская ранняя/Эврика-99 со схемой 5,0 × 2,0 м с урожайностью свыше 25 т/га; комбинации: Стенлей/ВВА-1 при площади питания дерева 5,0 × 1,5 м, Стенлей/Дружба со схемой 5,0 × 2,5 м, Стенлей/Эврика-99 при схеме 5,0 × 2,5 м, урожайность которых достигла 35,0 – 40,8 т/га. Производство плодов сливы домашней районированных на юге сортов Стенлей и Кабардинская ранняя на клоновых подвоях разной силы роста: ВВА-1, Эврика-99, Дружба, Кубань-86 является экономически выгодным. Рентабельность рассматриваемых моделей соответствовала 94 – 114,6 %. Высоким уровнем рентабельности характеризовались системы: Кабардинская ранняя/ВВА-1 — 99,7 %, Кабардинская ранняя/Эврика-99 — 94,2 %; Стенлей/ВВА-1 — 106,4 %, Стенлей/Дружба — 103,8 %, Стенлей/Эврика-99 — 114,6 %. Выделены модели посадки садов сливы, дающие возможность возделывания сливы по интенсивным технологиям и продуктивностью на уровне 30 – 40 т/га в условиях южного садоводства.
el pueblo de Santa María Magdalena en 21 de febrero de 1773
Authors: Nogales Carvalho Jesús Guillermo
Published: July 2020

En febrero de 1773 el gobernador de Moxos, León González de Velasco, visitó la reducción de Santa María Magdalena en el distrito de Baures. Durante su estadía en dicha población, verificó su situación económica, hizo una breve historia del pueblo, basada en testimonios orales de sus habitantes y realizó un censo poblacional. Aquellos datos fueron remitidos en un informe a la Audiencia de Charcas, en los que se describe información relevante sobre Magdalena seis años después de la expulsión de los jesuitas.
DAMPAK PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN BEA KELUAR TERHADAP EKSPOR KAKAO INDONESIA TAHUN 2001-2017 DAMPAK PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN BEA KELUAR TERHADAP EKSPOR KAKAO INDONESIA
Authors: Gautama Bryan Habib
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan bea keluar terhadap ekspor kakao Indonesia dengan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor kakao, yakni jumlah produksi kakao, harga kakao dunia, dan nilai tukar rupiah. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Untuk melihat pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen, peneliti melakukan uji asumsi klasik terlebih dahulu sebelum melakukan pengujian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dapat diketahui bahwa secara simultan jumlah produksi kakao, harga kakao dunia, nilai tukar rupiah, dan kebijakan bea keluar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ekspor kakao Indonesia. Secara parsial, jumlah produksi kakao dan kebijakan bea keluar berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap ekspor kakao Indonesia. Sedangkan variabel harga kakao dunia dan nilai tukar rupiah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ekspor kakao Indonesia. Variabel penelitian ini mencakup 73,98% dari seluruh sebab yang mempengaruhi ekspor kakao Indonesia, sedangkan sebab lainnya tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini.
Pristinity, degradation and landscaping: the three angles of human impact on islands
Authors: Rull Valentí
Published: July 2020

This paper presents three extreme examples of the potential consequences of human settlement on oceanic and continental islands. The Neotropical Pantepui continental archipelago of sky islands is an example of pristinity, which is due to the almost nonexistent human impact because of the remoteness and inaccessibility of these islands as well as the lack of natural resources to exploit. Easter Island is used to illustrate almost total landscape degradation by deforestation and the exhaustion of natural resources, which has transformed the island into badlands with no signs of recovery. The Azores Islands have been chosen to illustrate landscaping as, after initial postsettlement deforestation and extractive practices, a further transformative phase consisting of creating an almost totally anthropogenic landscape with mostly exotic species occurred. The paper describes in some detail the developments of each case and the historical context in which they took place using historical, archeological and paleoecological evidence. Many intermediate states are possible among these three extremes, which can be represented with a ternary diagram (the PDL diagram), which is useful for characterizing the state of each island or archipelago in terms of human impact and informing conservation and restoration practices.
Three pillars of physical distancing: Anxiety, prosociality, and rule compliance during the COVID-19-pandemic
Authors: Twardawski Mathias , Steindorf Lena , Thielmann Isabel
Published: July 2020

The outbreak of a global pandemic such as COVID-19 poses a challenge for societies across the world. Lacking both vaccination and medical treatment, the only way to combat the spread of a virus in its early stages are behavioral measures, particularly physical distancing behavior. The present work proposes three pillars of individuals’ engagement in physical distancing: anxiety, prosociality, and rule compliance. In a large (N = 1,504), pre-registered study among German adults, we studied both situation-specific tendencies and stable personality traits that are theoretically associated with these pillars in relation to self-reported physical distancing behavior and underlying motives. Results supported the importance of each of the proposed pillars for physical distancing behavior. That is, for each pillar, we found (some) relations of the corresponding tendencies and personality traits with physical distancing (motives) as expected. Overall, the project provides a comprehensive picture of physical distancing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Scaling Uncertainty in Visual Perception and Estimation Tasks
Authors: Schille-Hudson Eleanor Brower , Landy David
Published: July 2020

Demographic perception—the perception of social quantities of geopolitical scale and social significance—has been extensivelystudied in cognitive and political science (Citrin & Sides, 2008; Gilens, 2001; Herda, 2013). Regular patterns of over- and under-estimation emerge. Americans greatly overestimate, for instance, the proportion of citizens that identify as gay or Muslim, while underestimating those that are Christian. While these errors have been attributed to social factors such as fear of specific minorities (Gallagher, 2003; Wong, 2007), other work has suggested that these patterns result from the psychophysics of the perception of proportions (Landy, Guay & Marghetis 2018). A Bayesian formulation suggests that biases in the estimation of both social proportions and simple visual properties result from a common source: ‘hedging’ uncertain information toward a prior. Here we present a novel lab paradigm and two experiments that manipulate uncertainty in a simple (dot estimation) task, verifying the core assumptions of the Bayesian approach.
The Frenet-Serret description of Born rigidity and its application to the Dirac equation
Authors: Formiga J.B.
Published: July 2020

The role played by non-inertial frames in physics is one of the most interesting subjects that we can study when dealing with a physical theory. It does not matter whether we are studying classical theories such as special relativity or quantum theory, the idea of an accelerated frame is always one of the first ideas to come to our minds. In the case of special relativity, a problem with the concept of rigidity emerged as soon as Max Born gave a reasonable definition of rigid motion: the Herglotz-Noether theorem imposes a strong restriction on the possible rigid motions. In this paper, the equivalence of this theorem with another one that is formulated with the help of Frenet-Serret formalism is proved, showing the connection between the rigid motion and the curvatures of the observer's trajectory in spacetime. In addition, the Dirac equation in the Frenet-Serret frame for an arbitrary observer is obtained and applied to the rotating observers. The solution in the rotating frame is given in terms of that of an inertial one.
Effects of hydroxyapatite content on mechanical properties and in-vitro corrosion behavior of ZK60/HA composites
Authors: Teng Jie , Xu Zili , Su Jinlong , Li Yuan
Published: July 2020

In this study, hydroxyapatite-reinforced ZK60 Mg alloybased composites were fabricated via a powder metallurgy route. The mechanical properties of these composites were studied by compressive tests and hardness tests. The in-vitro corrosion behavior was also investigated using immersion testing and electrochemical measurement. The influence of hydroxyapatite content on the mechanical properties and invitro corrosion behavior was evaluated. The microstructure and corrosion morphology were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the composite materials with 10 wt.% hydroxyapatite exhibited a better combination of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Compared with ZK60 alloy, the addition of 10 wt.% hydroxyapatite resulted in an increase in corrosion resistance by 38.6%.
Basic concepts and physical-chemical phenomena, that have conceptual meaning for the formation of systemic clinical thinking and formalization of the knowledge of systemic structural-functional organization of the human’s organism
Authors: Poberezhnyi Viktor , Marchuk Oleksandr , Katilov Oleksandr , Shvydiuk Oleh , Lohvinov Oleksii
Published: July 2020

From the point of view of perception and generalization processes there are complex, logic and conceptual forms of thinking. Its conceptual form is the highest result of interaction between thinking and speech. While realizing it, human uses the concept, which are logically formed thoughts, that are the meaning of representation in thinking of unity of meaningful features, relations of subjects or phenomena of objective reality. Special concepts, that are used in the science and technique are called terms. They perform a function of corresponding, special, precise marking of subjects and phenomena, their features and interactions. Scientific knowledge are in that way an objective representation of material duality in our consciousness. Certain complex of terms forms a terminological system, that lies in the basis of corresponding sphere of scientific knowledge and conditions a corresponding form and way of thinking. Clinical thinking is a conceptual form, that manifests and represents by the specialized internal speech with gnostic motivation lying in its basis. Its structural elements are corresponding definitions, terms and concepts. Cardinal features of clinical systems are consistency, criticality, justification and substantiation. Principles of perception and main concepts are represented in the article along with short descriptions of physical and chemical phenomena, that have conceptual meaning for the formation of systematic clinical thinking and formalization of systemic structural-functional organization of the human’s organism
Representations and evaluation strategies for feasibly approximable functions
Authors: Konečný Michal , Neumann Eike
Published: July 2020

A famous result due to Ko and Friedman ( Theoretical Computer Science 20 ( 1982 ) 323–352) asserts that the problems of integration and maximisation of a univariate real function are computationally hard in a well-defined sense. Yet, both functionals are routinely computed at great speed in practice.

We aim to resolve this apparent paradox by studying classes of functions which can be feasibly integrated and maximised, together with representations for these classes of functions which encode the information which is necessary to uniformly compute integral and maximum in polynomial time. The theoretical framework for this is the second-order complexity theory for operators in analysis which was introduced by Kawamura and Cook ( ACM Transactions on Computation Theory 4(2) ( 2012 ) 5).

The representations we study are based on approximation by polynomials, piecewise polynomials, and rational functions. We compare these representations with respect to polytime reducibility.

We show that the representation based on approximation by piecewise polynomials is polytime equivalent to the representation based on approximation by rational functions.

With this representation, all terms in a certain language, which is expressive enough to contain the maximum and integral of most functions of practical interest, can be evaluated in polynomial time. By contrast, both the representation based on polynomial approximation and the standard representation based on function evaluation, which implicitly underlies the Ko-Friedman result, require exponential time to evaluate certain terms in this language.

We confirm our theoretical results by an implementation in Haskell, which provides some evidence that second-order polynomial time computability is similarly closely tied with practical feasibility as its first-order counterpart.
Link Between Dietary Sodium Intake, Cognitive Function, and Dementia Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohan Devi ,   on behalf of DePEC team, Yap Kwong Hsia , Reidpath Daniel , Soh Yee Chang , McGrattan Andrea , Stephan Blossom C.M. , Robinson Louise , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Siervo Mario
Published: July 2020

Background: A key focus for dementia risk-reduction is the prevention of socio-demographic, lifestyle, and nutritional risk factors. High sodium intake is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease (both are linked to dementia), generating numerous recommendations for salt reduction to improve cardiovascular health. Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess, in middle- and older-aged people, the relationship between dietary sodium intake and cognitive outcomes including cognitive function, risk of cognitive decline, or dementia. Methods: Six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Psych info, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to 1 March 2020. Data extraction included information on study design, population characteristics, sodium reduction strategy (trials) or assessment of dietary sodium intake (observational studies), measurement of cognitive function or dementia, and summary of main results. Risk-of-bias assessments were performed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) assessment tool. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria including one clinical trial, six cohorts, and eight cross-sectional studies. Studies reported mixed associations between sodium levels and cognition. Results from the only clinical trial showed that a lower sodium intake was associated with improved cognition over six months. In analysis restricted to only high-quality studies, three out of four studies found that higher sodium intake was associated with impaired cognitive function. Conclusion: There is some evidence that high salt intake is associated with poor cognition. However, findings are mixed, likely due to poor methodological quality, and heterogeneous dietary, analytical, and cognitive assessment methods and design of the studies. Reduced sodium intake may be a potential target for intervention. High quality prospective studies and clinical trials are needed.
Fusion of 3-D medical image gradient domain based on detail-driven and directional structure tensor
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Yuanjun
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

Multi-modal medical image fusion plays a crucial role in many areas of modern medicine like diagnosis and therapy planning.

OBJECTIVE:

Due to the factor that the structure tensor has the property of preserving the image geometry, we utilized it to construct the directional structure tensor and further proposed an improved 3-D medical image fusion method.

METHOD:

The local entropy metrics were used to construct the gradient weights of different source images, and the eigenvectors of traditional structure tensor were combined with the second-order derivatives of image to construct the directional structure tensor. In addition, the guided filtering was employed to obtain detail components of the source images and construct a fused gradient field with the enhanced detail. Finally, the fusion image was generated by solving the functional minimization problem.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

Experimental results demonstrated that this new method is superior to the traditional structure tensor and multi-scale analysis in both visual effect and quantitative assessment.
THE CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP OF THE TRANSNATIONAL ISLAMIC IDEOLOGY PERSPECTIVE AND RESPONSES TO DEMOCRACY PRACTICES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Rohmah Lailatu
Published: July 2020

This research analyses the concept of leadership within transnational Islam tradition in Indonesia and their response towards democracy, particularly within three largest transnational organizations of Jama’ah Tabligh, Jama’ah Tarbiyah, and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI).  Based on an extensive literature study and in depth interviews, this research found that: first, leadership concept in the tradition of (1) Jamaah Tabligh is called “Amir” which is appointed through a dialogue (musyawarah). The Amir is responsible to preach ‘the da’wah ‘ala> Minhaj an-Nubuwwah (proselytizing Islam using Prophetic methods) through ‘khuru>j fi> sabi>lilla>h; (2) Jama’ah Tarbiyah is called “Majlis Syuro” as the highest body of the Islamic party which functions as “ahlul halli wal ‘aqdi” (the consultative assembly) in its political movement represented by Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Prosperous Justice Party/ PKS); and (3) HTI is called “Khalifah” that calls for the system of ‘Khila>fah ‘ala> Minha>ji an-Nubuwwah’. Second, those three organizations have divergent responses regarding the practice of democracy in Indonesia. The responses are (1) Jamaah Tabligh chooses to be apolitical and let its followers whether to participate in the democracy or not; (2) Jamaah Tarbiyah supports the democracy system by establishing Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and (3) HTI opposes democracy because the concept is born from the capitalist ideology, a kufr system as it created by human and is not taken from Shari’ah concept.
CONSTRUCTING THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL ASPECT FIQH NUSANTARA
Authors: Mukri Moh , Mustofa Imam , Fauzan Fauzan
Published: July 2020

This article proposes an epistemology of Nusantara Fiqh. Considering the fact that the majority of Indonesia’s population is Muslim and that the tribes, ethnicities and religions are diverse, it is necessary to construct an epistemology of Indonesian Islamic law that is compatible with such a condition. The Indonesian Fiqh has its own characteristics. Fiqh and the study of Nusantara Islamic law must be based on an epistemology that considers that plurality. This study employed a qualitative approach with inductive analysis where the researcher created categories of various themes and certain patterns from the research data. Then, the categories were formulated based on the records of existing data. The result of this study is the development of the Indonesian Islamic law epistemology using the istiṣlaachii model aimed at giving benefits for the Indonesian people by combining naṣ size or text with a logical view, communicating text and tradition (context). The integration of the two was done so that the benefits to be obtained adhere to the syara’ and only use logical considerations and the social reality. The integration of naṣ and logical view was done so that ijtihad does not become textual dogma without considering realistic and practical benefits.

Keywords: Ushul Fiqh, Nusantara, and Epistemology