bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and molecular-based analysis of betulin derivatives as strong multidrug reversal agents targeting P-glycoprotein
Authors: Laiolo Jerónimo , Graikioti Dafni G. , Barbieri Cecilia L. , Antoniou Antonia I. , Vera D Mariano A , Athanassopoulos Constantinos M. , Carpinella Maria Cecilia
Published: May 2023

Chemotherapy is a powerful means of cancer treatment but its efficacy is compromised by the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), mainly linked to the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Based on the chemical structure of the P-gp reverser betulin identified in our previous work, a series of analogs were designed, synthesized and evaluated as a source of novel inhibitors. Compounds 6g and 6i efficiently inhibited rhodamine 123 efflux in the P-gp overexpressed leukemia cells, Lucena 1, at concentrations of 0.19 and 0.39 µM, respectively, and increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin at the submicromolar concentration of 0.098 µM. Compounds 6g and 6i were able to restore the sensitivity of Lucena 1 to Dox at 0.024 and 0.19 µM, respectively. Structure-activity relationship analysis and molecular modeling revealed important information about the structural features conferring activity. All the active compounds fitted in a specific region involving mainly transmembrane helices (TMH) 4–6 from one homologous half and TMH 7 and 12 from the other, also showing close contacts with TMH 6 and 12. Compounds that bound preferentially to another region were inactive, regardless of their free energy of binding. It should be noted that compounds 6g and 6i were devoid of toxic effects against peripheral blood mononuclear normal cells and erythrocytes. The data obtained indicates that both compounds might be proposed as scaffolds for obtaining promising P-gp inhibitors for overcoming MDR.
Biological conversion of agricultural wastes into indole-3-acetic acid by S. lavenduligriseus BS50-1 using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Boondaeng Antika , Vaithanomsat Pilanee , Apiwatanapiwat Waraporn , Trakunjae Chanaporn , Janchai Phornphimon , Suriyachai Nopparat , Kreetachat Torpong , Wongcharee Surachai , Imman Saksit
Published: May 2023

Agricultural waste can be used as an alternative source for plant growth regulator (PRR) biosynthesis by microorganisms. Actinomycetes are an important group of soil microbes that play a significant role in the soil as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as well as biofertilizers. This study focused on the development of a low-cost medium based on bagasse to improve indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by S. lavenduligriseus BS50-1 using response surface methodology (RSM). Among thirty-four actinomycete strains, S. lavenduligriseus BS50-1 exhibited the highest IAA level under the selected medium. RSM based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the appropriate nutrients for IAA production. Thus, glucose hydrolysate and L-tryptophan concentrations of 3.55 g/L and 5.0 g/L were optimal factors improving IAA production from 37.50 µg/mL to 159.47 µg/mL within 168 h. This study is the first to report the potential application of leftover bagasse as raw material for the cultivation of actinomycetes as an efficient IAA producer to promote plant growth.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Medical Students and Doctors on Euthanasia
Authors: Motappa Rohith , Guleria Meghna , Singhal Aditi , Nambiar Pallavi , Gaiha Vaibhavi , Kotian Himani
Published: May 2023

Background
The concept of Euthanasia has recently come into the spotlight, and cases like that of Aruna Shanbaug have heavily influenced people’s opinion the topic. Whether euthanasia- done with the intention of ending suffering that otherwise cannot be helped should truly be supported or not. The thoughts on this topic- especially by those who work closely with patients who suffer from terminal illnesses- healthcare providers must be analyzed. Their perception and views on legalizing the procedure, and their hesitancy or lack thereof to perform such a procedure would give the rest of the world a clearer picture- a better standpoint to understand what to do. This study attempted to quantify and analyze the views of doctors and medical students on euthanasia.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 212 doctors and medical students of a private medical college in South India was conducted to determine their current attitudes toward euthanasia.
Results
The majority of the participants (66%) supported the practice of euthanasia. The majority of the participants also believe euthanasia should only be done with the explicit consent of the patient (71.7%). It was also observed that those who had heard about euthanasia via hearsay mostly agreed that it must only be done with the explicit consent of the patient. Moreover, the study also showed that those who had heard about it from hearsay and news mostly stand for it.
Conclusion
Thus it has been noted that news and media all around us heavily influence peoples’ opinions. It is concluded that these opinions have changed from the past and will likely do so depending on the environment and media around the topic.
One origin of founder mutations in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Haruna , Mizumoto Sachiko , Tanino Hirokazu , Niwa Yui , Ogino Mitsutoshi , Sakoda Yoko , Tsuchiya Kazuhiko , Kono Seishi , Konishi Muneharu , Ueno Sayaka , Kunihisa Tomonari
Published: May 2023

Background: Some germline pathogenic variants (PVs) have been observed with high frequency in certain regions and races and are called founder mutations. Founder mutations in BRCA1/2 genes have rarely been reported in Japan. At Kakogawa Central City Hospital, BRCA2 c.5576_5579del accounted for approximately 70% of PVs detected by BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate its distribution in Hyogo Prefecture.
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at Kobe University Hospital and three collaborating institutions. Breast cancer patients with germline PVs detected by BRCA1/2 genetic testing between July 1, 2018 and March 31, 2021 were included. The clinical characteristics and breast cancer subtypes were compared between carriers of BRCA2c.5576_5579del and those of other PVs. The detection rate of BRCA2c.5576_5579del was also compared with that observed in a previous report.
Results: A total of 38 breast cancer patients were included; 14 of them underwent testing for companion diagnosis to poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor treatment and 24 underwent testing for diagnosis of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. PVs in BRCA1 andBRCA2 were detected in 12 and 26 patients, respectively, 12 of whom were BRCA2c.5576_5579del carriers. There were no clinicopathological differences between BRCA2PV carriers and BRCA2 c.5576_5579del carriers. BRCA2c.5576_5579del accounted for 30.8% of the PVs detected, with a particularly high frequency of 72.7% at Kakogawa Central City Hospital.
Conclusion: Our study revealed a strong founder effect for BRCA2 c.5576_5579del in breast cancer patients in Hyogo Prefecture, especially in Kakogawa City. In the future, a survey of the distribution of the BRCA2 c.5576_5579del carriers may provide more clarity regarding their localization.
Resource utilization of debris flow deposits in the gullies along Dujiangyan - Wenchuan Expressway, China
Authors: Zhang Qian , Luo Gang , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Longrui
Published: May 2023

The alpine valley region in southwest China is susceptible to frequent debris flow disasters, which cause the accumulation of large amounts of solid materials in the gullies and rivers, particularly behind check dams. These deposits not only reduce the storage capacity of the dams but also pose a potential threat to downstream villages if the dams fail. How to deal with these deposits presents a scientific challenge for geologists. This study focuses on investigating the silting circumstances of the structures and proposes resource utilization of debris flow deposits in the gullies along the Dujiangyan - Wenchuan Expressway. The results showed that most of the dam storage was filled with granite boulders and silt soils, rendering the dams inoperative during subsequent debris flows. As granite is a high-quality construction material suitable for building, landscaping, and decoration, which presents an opportunity for disaster reduction and economic development through resource utilization. However, improper excavations could result in associated problems, including damage to dam foundations caused by headward erosion of debris flows, increased debris flow velocity due to a steepened excavated slope, and an enhancement of the impact force on the dam. Therefore, it is crucial to pay close attention to and conduct in-depth research on these issues.
Optimizing Wheat Yield and Profitability Through Conservation Tillage and Supplementary Irrigation During Terminal Heat Stress in North Bihar
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Veeranna Jatoth , Gautam Amar Kant , Kundu Madhu Sudan , Rani Alka , Gupta Santosh Kumar , adarsh Anupam
Published: May 2023

The agricultural sector in India is a major water consumer, utilizing over 60% of the total water in the country. In order to meet the demands of the growing population and ensure food safety, irrigation is crucial for crop cultivation. However, extreme heat can negatively impact crops, particularly wheat. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of supplementary irrigation under different tillage conditions to mitigate these negative effects of terminal heat stress. The research examined the impact of tillage systems and additional irrigation on reducing terminal heat stress and enhancing wheat yields in India. Three tillage systems were implemented, including happy seeder, zero tillage, and conventional tillage. The experiment was conducted over three years in six scenarios, and the results indicated that SN-1, SN-3, and SN-5 produced higher yields than SN2, SN4, and SN6, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In addition, the study found that the use of a conservation agriculture-based tillage system resulted in significantly higher energy-use efficiency during the 2020-21 season compared to conventional tillage (SN-3 and SN-4). Furthermore, the application of 75% of a 90:45:30 N:P:K fertilizer ratio combined with supplementary irrigation significantly increased the grain yields of all crop establishment treatments. The study recommends zero tillage with supplementary irrigation for wheat production in harvested rice fields to counteract the negative impacts of terminal heat stress, increasing yields and profitability. Effective irrigation and tillage practices are crucial for mitigating heat stress effects on crops, ultimately improving food security and sustainability.
Effects of uniform rocking exercise on anxiety and its related nuclei in acutely stressed rats
Authors: Luo Guangyao , Jiang Xian , Zhang Yaowen , Jin Yulian , Bin Wen , guo Tongtong
Published: May 2023

Rocking can make us feel relaxed and reduce anxiety. Now it has been proved that uniform rocking exercise can promote sleep in rodents, but there are less studies on whether it affects anxiety. The objective of this experiment is to explain the effect of uniform rocking exercise on anxiety level in rats under acute stress, using plantar electrical stimulation can induce acute stress model, which was verified by the open field test and elevated plus-mest. In addition, the levels of anxiety-related hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were examined by serum Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), and it was found that the anxiety level of rats, as well as the levels of ACTH and CORT, were significantly reduced after 1 hour of rocking. In addition, we examined the anxiety-related nuclei by C-fos and found that uniform rocking motion decreased neural activity in the hippocampus (HIP) and amygdala (AMY) and increased neural activity in the vestibular nucleus in rats under acute stress. In addition, we examined the expression of Iba1, a marker of microglia. We found that uniform rocking exercise alleviated anxiety levels in acutely stressed rats, which may be related to the activation of microglia in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and vestibular nucleus. Our study reveals a significant correlation between the ability of rocking to alleviate anxiety, activation of neural nuclei, and microglia in acutely stressed rats.
Effect of Collagen Chitosan Hydrogel with Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Alkaline Phosphatase Activity and Calcium Deposition An In Vitro Study on Osteoblast-like Cell Line MG63
Authors: Sidharta Kent , Suryono - , Murdiastuti Kwartarini , Pritia Mardha Ade
Published: May 2023

Background Periodontal tissue regeneration is one of the main goals of periodontal therapies that is consisted of 4 main components e.g., growth factor such as injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) and scaffold, using collagen chitosan hydrogel which hoped to replace bone graft because its donor risk and immunogenic responses.Methods Bone formation markers such as alkaline phosphatase activity, an enzyme produced by osteoblast, and calcium deposit, late marker of osteoblast mineralization were measured using ALP staining kit (SensoLyte) and Alizarin Red S staining (Merck) in 1, 7, 14, and 21 days using MG63 osteoblast and divided into 3 groups: Hydrogel i-PRF, Bone Graft i-PRF, and Control group. The result was then analyzed using Two-way ANOVA test and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test.Results Hydrogel i-PRF application induced significant ALP activity in day 7 and 14 compared to Bone Graft and Control group. Calcium deposits in day 7 of Hydrogel i-PRF and Bone Graft i-PRF group were found to be significantly different to Control group. Hydrogel application still holds the highest deposit in 14 days to 21 days. These results showed the ossification capability of collagen chitosan hydrogel with i-PRF compared to bone graft application. Through PDGF and BMP content in i-PRF which are bounded to collagen fibril, acceleration of osteoblast’s proliferation and migration rate, followed by the rise of differentiation and mineralization rate of osteoblast by BMP.Conclusion collagen chitosan hydrogel with i-PRF application enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposit compared to bone graft with i-PRF.
Covid-19 May Impact the Acute Attack of Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma
Authors: Deng Jiaoyu , Xie Ping , Sun Hong
Published: May 2023

Objects: To compare the medical records of inpatients with acute angle-closure glaucoma(AACG) in the period of pandemic 2022(2022.12.9-2023.1.19) , and the same time period of last three years.To analyses covid-19 infection-related conditions in patients with AACG of the pandemic 2022.
Methods: Patients with AACG who first hospitalized for surgical treatment in the ophthalmology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2022.12.9 to 2023.1.19(after the adjustment of China's pandemic prevention policies) were included, and the patients of same time of last three years,(2019group:2019.12.9-2020.1.19, pandemic 2020:2020.12.9-2021.1.19 and pandemic 2021:2021.12.9-2022.1.19).These inpatients’ medical records were compared.During the period from 2022.12.9 to 2023.1.19,patients with acute ACG who were first diagnosed or first hospitalized for surgical treatment, an online questionnaire was administered, and whether they had glaucoma attacks during COVID-19 infection was used as a subgroup question to compare the two groups of people with AACG in general differences in conditions.
Results: A total of 114 patients (135 operated eyes) with medical records were included：24 (28 eyes) of 2019 group，27 (27 eyes) of pandemic 2020,29(37eyes)of pandemic 2021 and 34 (43 eyes) of pandemic 2022 respectively. 72 patients participated in the questionnaire. The number of patients hospitalized for surgery for AACG in the period following the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly higher by approximately 41.6% compared to the 2019 group, accounting for a significantly higher percentage (p=0.004),a significant difference in the status of comorbid systemic disease and comorbid hypertension among surgically treated patients (p=0.042, p=0.010) Significant difference in the rate of trabeculectomy(Trab) for glaucoma decreasing from year to year (p=0.019) and a significant increasing trend in the rate of goniosynechialysis(GSL) (p=0.007) Whether the pandemic environment or viral infection precipitates glaucoma attacks may be related to whether patients drink alcohol (p=0.028) and whether they have combined hypertension (p=0.014).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic may promote an increase in the number of patients with AACG, and COVID-19 infection has the potential to contribute to the attack of primary angle-closure glaucoma.
Construction of organic-inorganic hybrid coating polymer with in situ SiO2/PDMS on the surface of wood
Authors: Shen Huajie , Dong Liangzhou , Zheng Xinyuan , Huang Donghai
Published: May 2023

Wood has a large number of hydrophilic groups and pore structures, with strong moisture and water absorption abilities, and is prone to problems such as deformation, cracking, and discoloration. In order to improve this phenomenon, surface modification of wood has always been a hot topic in wood science research. To address the problem of poor water resistance of wood, the organic-inorganic hybrid superhydrophobic layer was constructed bionically on wood substrate by dipping coating method or spraying method based on the principle of lotus leaf effect, using inorganic fillers such as nano-silica/organosilicone oil and transparent polymer of water-based acrylic varnish as organic matrix. In this study, monodisperse nanometer-sized SiO2 microspheres were prepared via the Stöber method and the wood surface was modified by self-assembly of a solution. Then, the prepared modified nanoparticles SiO2/PDMS mixture solution was alternately and cyclically coated on the surface of the wood to obtain SiO2/PDMS in situ organic-inorganic hybrid modified wood samples. The results showed that the porous structure of the white wax wood surface was fully covered by SiO2/PDMS in situ organic-inorganic hybrid coating polymer after coating, forming a dense protective layer. SiO2/PDMS in situ organic-inorganic hybrid modified wood samples not only did not change the original color and texture of the white wax wood material, but also had a contact angle greater than 150° for the surfaces of 7 common droplets (deionized water, tea, cola, juice, vinegar, ink, red wine), indicating that introducing a SiO2/PDMS organic-inorganic hybrid coating to modify the wood surface can endow the wood with good superhydrophobic properties. This is mainly because the hydroxyl groups in the SiO2/PDMS in situ organic-inorganic hybrid coating deposited on the wood surface are combined with the hydroxyl groups on the wood surface, reducing the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface. In addition, the presence of long-chain fluorinated polymers also increases the hydrophobicity of the wood surface.
Disadvantaged Students Utilize School Campus and its Resources More Than Non-Disadvantaged Students
Authors: Habashi Kian , Andersen Shaun , Leon Genesis , Lee Cynthia , Simanton Edward , Patel Deepal
Published: May 2023

Background
Disadvantaged populations were disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, both medically and in the educational setting. Lower-income families often either do not have a laptop/desktop computer, adequate internet connection, or a dedicated study space. This unfortunately contributed to poorer academic performance during distance learning. To combat this, the Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine (KKSOM) did not close down campus during the pandemic. This study analyzes the utilization of campus and live Zoom lectures by KKSOM students, and its impact on educational outcomes.
Methods
An IRB-approved survey was sent to KKSOM students and asked about study locations, live lecture attendance, and relationship quality. The Class of 2024 had a unique experience being that it was during the COVID-19 pandemic and the transition to online learning. However, they always had access to campus and technological resources. Data analysis was done through the SPSS software comparing survey scores and National Board of Medical Examiners scores of students that indicated disadvantaged status, first-generation, underrepresented minority, and lower socioeconomic status to those who did not meet these criteria.
Results
First-generation students were found to study on campus more than their counterparts (30.98% vs 20.02%, p < 0.05) and less at home in general (55.43% vs 67.54%, p < 0.05). Lower SES attended live Zoom lectures more often as well (56.64% vs 43.09%, p < 0.05). Lastly, there were no significant differences found for NBME exam scores or relationship quality scores between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged groups for the Class of 2024.
Conclusion
Students from disadvantaged backgrounds may study on campus more and less at home. They also attend live Zoom lectures more often. KKSOM students always had access to campus throughout the pandemic, which may have provided the needed support to allow the disadvantaged groups to have no differences compared to their counterparts in mean exam scores or in relationship quality with classmates and faculty. This makes a strong argument for the importance of campus accessibility for the success of students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Association between oral health status and survival time in terminally ill cancer patients
Authors: Lee Yoo Jeong , Hwang In Cheol , Choi Youn Seon , Ahn Hong Yup , Lee Eun Jeong , Kim Da Eun
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Patients with terminal cancer often experience various oral problems. Whether oral health status is associated with the survival of terminally ill cancer patients receiving palliative care remains unclear.
Methods
We analyzed the data of 59 Korean patients with terminal cancer receiving palliative care, including their oral health status, using a modified Korean version of the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Patients were categorized into “Good,” “Moderate,” or “Poor” groups based on OHAT scores. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare the median survival time, and the prognosis between groups was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.
Results
The most common oral symptoms observed were xerostomia (69.5%) and mucositis (17.0%). Significantly shorter survival times were observed in patients with hyperbilirubinemia, elevated creatinine levels, and no use of dentures. The “Poor” group had a shorter survival than the “Good” oral group (P = 0.010). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that the “Poor” group was significantly associated with poor survival compared to the “Good” group (hazard ratio, 2.05; P = 0.047).
Conclusion
Terminally ill cancer patients with poor oral health may have a higher risk of shorter survival. Palliative care professionals should pay attention to oral health. Further research is needed to determine the effects of oral care on survival.
Monitoring of Rainwater Quality in Kandy and Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijewantha H.L.S.S. , Dharaka B.D.P. , Priyantha N. , Deeyamulla M.P.
Published: May 2023

The composition of atmospheric deposition is a measure of air quality, an important aspect of the health of the ecosystem. Consequently, continuous monitoring of atmospheric deposition is crucial to obtain remedial measures to avoid undesirable aspects that would affect living things. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the rainwater quality at selected locations in Kandy and Peradeniya area of Sri Lanka, namely, Kandy city, Polgolla and University of Peradeniya (UOP), and to identify possible correlations between quality parameters through statistical means. Forty (40) rainwater samples from the UOP site and seven (07) samples each from the Kandy city and Polgolla sites were collected from the 18th May 2020 to 28th April 2021. The volume weighted average (VWA) pH values of UOP, Kandy and Polgolla sites were determined to be 7.44, 7.19 and 7.19, respectively, and moreover, acid rain (pH < 5.6) occurrences were not detected during the sampling period. The VWA values of rainfall, conductivity, salinity, TDS and hardness at the UOP site were 40.12 mm, 51.93 µS cm− 1, 0.0300 ppt, 26.59 mg L− 1 and 13.55 mg L− 1, respectively. The corresponding values of the Kandy city site were 16.52 mm, 64.04 µS cm− 1, 0.0361 ppt, 30.80 mg L− 1 and 19.49 mg L− 1, respectively; and those of the Polgolla site were 33.10 mm, 53.90 µS cm− 1, 0.0310 ppt, 25.76 mg L− 1 and 19.31 mg L− 1, respectively. The VWA values of conductivity, salinity, TDS were the highest at the Kandy city site. Further, the VWA values of hardness at Kandy and Polgolla were approximately equal, probably due to spring of Ca2+ and Mg2+ particulates from the dolomite quarry located in Digana area. The most prominent anion was identified as Cl− in bulk deposition at all three sites, while NO3− showed the lowest concentration of all sites. Moreover, very strong significant positive correlations were identified between conductivity-TDS, conductivity-salinity, conductivity-hardness, TDS-hardness, TDS-salinity, salinity-hardness, SO42− - Cl−, and NO3− - Cl− according to relevant Pearson correlation coefficients. It is thus concluded that the pollutants come from the same sources, either natural or anthropogenic.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Drug-induced thrombocytopenia in Hospitalized Patients: A Case‒Control Study Based on Propensity-Score Matching
Authors: Tang zhihui , Li Jiuxu , Zhu man , xie tingting , Guo Kaixin , Zhang Ru , Niu Jing'e , Zhou Fengye , Li Yu , Guo Daihong
Published: May 2023

Objective
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DITP) is associated with increased mortality. This study aims to establish a nomogram to predict the occurrence of DITP in hospitalized patients in a multidrug environment.
Methods
A single-centre retrospective study among hospitalized adult patients was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 and was based on the Adverse Drug Events Active Surveillance and Assessment System-Ⅱ (ADE-ASAS-Ⅱ). Three controls were matched for each case according to the propensity score matching algorithm to eliminate confounding bias due to individual baseline variables. Predictors of DITP were obtained by LASSO regression and were used to build the nomogram.
Results
Among 88151 hospitalized patients, 478 were confirmed to have DITP, which is an incidence rate of 0.54%. After matching, 382 pairs and 1146 patients were included in the study, including 1070 cases in the development group and 427 cases in the validation group. Five variables were used to construct the nomogram: hospital stay ≥ 14days, surgery before using suspected drugs, baseline platelet count < 150×109/L, higher baseline BUN and combined with antibacterial. The areas under the curve (AUC) in the development group and validation group were 0.827 (95% CI 0.800-0.854) and 0.785 (95% CI 0.736–0.834), respectively, and the model also showed good calibration (P > 0.05) in the development group and validation group.
Conclusion
The established nomogram can help identify high-risk patients with DITP, assist doctors in decision-making, and effectively prevent DITP in the early stage.
Towards More Transparent and Accurate Cancer Diagnosis with an Unsupervised CAE Approach
Authors: Tabatabaei Zahra , Colomer Adrían , Moll Javier Oliver , Naranjo Valery
Published: May 2023

Background: Digital pathology has significantly impacted the cancer diagnosis field, with Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval (CBMIR) emerging as a powerful tool for analyzing histopathological Whole Slide Images (WSIs). CBMIR allows users to search a database for similar content to a query, providing pathologists with access to collections of cases with comparable features. This can improve the reliability of diagnostic references and help in making more accurate and timely diagnoses. Objective: In 2020, the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) reported that breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in both men and women, accounting for 11.7% of all cases, while prostate cancer is the second most common cancer type in men, comprising 14.1% of cases. The aim of the proposed Unsupervised CBMIR (UCBMIR) is to replicate the traditional cancer diagnosis workflow and provide a dependable method for supporting pathologists when making diagnostic conclusions based on WSIs. By reducing the workload of pathologists, this approach could potentially enhance the accuracy and efficiency of cancer diagnosis.
Method and results: The study presents an innovative approach to address the problem of the lack of labeled histopathological images in CBMIR. A customized unsupervised Convolutional Auto Encoder (CAE) was developed to extract 200 features per image, which were then used by the search engine component. The proposed UCBMIR was evaluated using two widely used numerical techniques in CBMIR and visual evaluation, and compared with a classifier to determine if retrieved images belong to the same cancer type as the query. The validation process was conducted using three distinct data sets, with an external evaluation to demonstrate its effectiveness. The UCBMIR outperformed previous studies, achieving a top 5 recall of 99% and 80% on BreaKHis and SICAPv2, respectively, using the first evaluation technique. Using the second evaluation technique, UCBMIR achieved precision rates of 91% and 70% for BreaKHis and SICAPv2, respectively. Moreover, the UCBMIR was able to identify various patterns in patches and achieved an accuracy of 81% in the top 5 when tested on an external image from Arvaniti, having been trained using SICAPv2 with the second evaluation technique.
A model of pregnancy-associated malaria for inducing adverse pregnancy outcomes in ICR mouse
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Liang Zhiming , Xing Haoyu , Yu Chuyi , Liang Jianming , Xu Qin , Song Jianping , He Zhouqing
Published: May 2023

Background Based on understanding of placental pathological features and safe medication in pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM), establishment of a stable pregnant mouse infection model with Plasmodium was urgently needed.Methods ICR mice with vaginal plugs detected were randomly divided into post-pregnancy infection (Malaria+) and uninfected pregnancy (Malaria−) cohorts. Age-matched mice that had not been mated were infected as pre-pregnancy infection group (Virgin control), which were subsequently mated with ICR males. All mice were inoculated with 1×106 Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected RBCs by intraperitoneal injection, and the same amount of saline was given to Malaria− group. We recorded the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the amounts of offspring in each group.Results The Virgin group mice were unable to conceive normally, and vaginal bleeding, abortion, or stillbirth appeared in the Malaria+ group. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was extremely high and statistically significant compared with the control (Malaria−) group (P < 0.05), of which placenta exhibited pathological features associated with human gestational malaria.Conclusions The intraperitoneal injection of 1×106 Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected RBCs could establish a mouse model of post-pregnancy malaria infection.
Silicon-induced modulations in growth, physiological, biochemical and root attributes of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress
Authors: Abdullah Malik Muhammad , Waraich Ejaz Ahmad , Hussain Saddam , Asghar Hafiz Naeem , Haider Arslan , Ahmad Muhammad , Ahmad Zahoor , Bibi Sadia
Published: May 2023

Purpose: One of the main abiotic stresses that reduces crop production globally is drought. Among various strategies to improve drought tolerance in plants, the treatment of silicon is very feasible method as it has potential to improve stress tolerance in soybean. The present experiment was conducted to determine the drought stress tolerance in response to application of silicon (Si) in soybean.
Methods: In present study, different treatment levels were i) Two different field capacity levels (100% F.C and 60% F.C) ii) Four levels of silicon 0 kg/ha, 100kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha were applied, and sand culture was used as sowing media at vegetative stage (15 days after emergence).
Results: The results of present study revealed that plant biomass was significantly improved by application of silicon, such as leaf area, dry and fresh weight of root and shoot and shoot and root length. Shoot length reduced upto 23% and root length increased upto 24% under drought stress conditions contradictory to control while application of silicon (200kg/ha) considerably enhanced the shoot and root length upto 45% and 85%. Leaf osmotic potential (LOP) decreased upto 5% under stress conditions as compared to control while the (LOP) increased 27% with the application of silicon (200kg/ha). Gas exchange parameters and soluble proteins were significantly reduced under water deficit conditions. Silicon application (200kg/ha) prominently improved the total soluble proteins and gas exchange parameters. chlorophyll a,b were enhanced upto 32% and 24% in comparison to the control. Root surface area increased under stress conditions and enhanced by application of silicon and maximum improvement was observed in treatment where silicon was applied @200kg/ha. Enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POD and CAT) reduced under drought stress but silicon significantly enhanced the enzymatic antioxidants upto 19%, 53%, 30% in comparison to stress
In conclusion, the soil applied silicon at 200kg/ha enhanced plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, antioxidants, and lowered oxidative stress determinants to ameliorate drought stress condition.
Expanding host range and geographical distribution of Thrips parvispinus (Karny): Onion as new host from Northern India
Authors: Saini Shubham , Raj Kushal , Saini Ankit , Saini Anil Kumar , Lal Makhan , Tyagi Kaomud , R.R. Rachana
Published: May 2023

The South East Asian thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) was witnessed for the first time infesting onion (Allium cepa) crop in Haryana, India. This invasive pest is a looming to agricultural crops in the country owing to expanding host range over the time. The occurrence of Thrips parvispinus on economically important vegetable crop like onion in India is a serious economic implication and is a source of concern for a quarantine. A regular monitoring of this invasive thrips is the need of an hour as it may become a greater nuisance in the future.
We will lose leadership position in the church: Belief systems of indigenous Ugandan men on LARCs
Authors: Kibonire Ronald Arineitwe , Mphuthi DAVID Ditaba
Published: May 2023

Many women Pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum complications are the primary causes of mortality worldwide. Contraceptives, especially long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), are the most essential and effective interventions for reducing maternal mortality. LARCs aid in the postponement of pregnancy and allow for longer intervals between deliveries. However, LARC use remains minimal globally and in Uganda due to insufficient male partner support. The aim of this study was to understand the belief systems of rural Ugandan males regarding the use of LARCs by rural women. Using purposive sampling, 65 married men between the ages of 20 and 49 were chosen for focus group interviews, and 30 were chosen for individual interviews. The study was conducted in the districts of Rubanda and Kiboga in Uganda. The researcher employed semi-structured questions in individual and focus group interviews. During the data analysis, the researcher Listened to recordings, perusing field notes and interviews, classifying and categorised the data, and then identifying the phenomenon's emerging themes. The study revealed that rural indigenous Ugandan men had beliefs about their rural wives' use of LARCs, and that these beliefs acted as barriers to use. These belief systems included preference of natural family planning methods, children as a source of labour, children for expanding and strengthening the clan, sex preference for boys for wealth inheritance, dowry wealth, cultural recognition. Specifically, among Catholics and Muslims, the study found that religious beliefs include the dread of losing a leadership position in the church and not to contradict the doctrines of the religion. The study recommends enhancing Social and Behavioural Change Communication, strengthening the service delivery for LARCs, and monitoring and evaluation systems, fostering an environment conducive to the delivery of LARC services, and preparing the pre-service and in-service healthcare professionals through health training institutions and universities to deliver LARC services.
Instance Segmentation on Distributed Deep Learning Big Data Cluster
Authors: Elhmadany Mohammed , Elmadah Islam , Abdelmunim Hossam E.
Published: May 2023

This paper presents workflow in deep learning inference models in a distributed manner. This is often required in production environments where real-time predictions need to be made on a massive scale., optimization approaches were applied to the instance segmentation YOLACT model to improve the inference throughput. , and the experiments show that the execution time taken by the OpenVino (Open Visual Inference and Neural Network Optimization) model with 16 FP is the least compared to ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange) and the original PyTorch model. ONNX and OpenVINO provide a set of tools for optimizing deep learning models for deployment on a range of edge devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, IoT devices, sensors, and other devices that collect, process, and transmit data between the end user and the cloud or datacenter. The model optimizer in these frameworks plays a critical role in preparing deployment models, by reducing their size and increasing their performance.YOLACT in OpenVino format we run it on a big data cluster using the BigDL framework to apply inference on spark stand-alone and yarn clusters. where BigDL is a distributed deep learning library for Apache Spark that provides a high-level programming interface for defining and training deep neural networks. It supports a wide range of deep learning models and is designed to be scalable, making it ideal for large-scale deep learning applications. In distributed deep learning reference, the input data is partitioned and sent to multiple machines in parallel for processing. Each machine runs its portion and produces a partial output, which is then combined with the outputs of other machines to produce a final result. Spark stand alone perform better depending on the obtaining results under different conditions whereas significant speedups can be achieved by increasing the number of executors across the cluster.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among desludging operators in Uganda
Authors: Tamale Bridget Nagawa , Ssekamatte Tonny , Isunju John Bosco , Nalugya Aisha , Mukasa Mujjabi Martin , Tigaiza Arnold , Nakalembe Doreen , Kansiime Winnie K. , Kimbugwe Ceaser , Mselle Jane Sembuche , Mugambe Richard K.
Published: May 2023

Background
Despite the limited evidence, desludging operators remain at a heightened risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study established the prevalence and predictors of WMSDs among desludging operators in Uganda.
Methods
A digitalized structured questionnaire was used to collect cross-sectional data on musculoskeletal disorders and routine workplace activities from 303 desludging operators in Uganda. Data were analyzed using STATA version 15.0.
Results
The prevalence of WMSDs among desludging operators was 29.7%. The background characteristics associated with WMSDs included; attending safety training in the last 12 months (APR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–0.98) and undertaking regular health check-ups (APR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.16–2.44). The ergonomic factors associated with WMSDs were; working with a bent wrist (APR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.54–4.52), working with hands above the head (APR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26–0.62), and pinching unsupported objects (APR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.59–1.29). Psychosocial factors associated with WMSDs included; neither agreeing nor disagreeing about being able to influence the availability of equipment needed to do their work = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20–0.94), having much influence over the amount of work done (APR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.05–2.91), and sometimes feeling that everything done was an effort (APR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01–2.89).
Conclusion
The prevalence of WMSDs was high among desludging operators in Uganda. We recommend providing comprehensive training on occupational health and safety, with a specific focus on ergonomic hazards. In addition, personal protective equipment uses, regular exercise programs, and considerations for work pace, rest, and recovery opportunities should be prioritized to reduce the risk of WMSDs.
Foliar Application of Silicon Alleviates Adverse Effect of Drought Stress by improving Growth, Physiological attributes, and Antioxidant Defense of Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) and Canola (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Shahzad Bilal Ahmad , Waraich Ejaz Ahmad , Saleem Muhammad , Hussain Saddam , Ullah Saif
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Drought stress is a global phenomenon that poses harmful impacts on crop growth and development leading to yield losses in oilseed crops. Canola and camlina are highly sensitive to drought stress. The present study investigated the role of foliar-applied silicon to alleviate the harmful effect of drought stress in camelina and canola genotypes.
Methods: Different concentrations of silicon (Si) foliar applications (NS= no spray, WS= water spray, Si-2= 2 mM Si, Si-4= 4 mM Si, Si-6= 6 mM Si) were used along with different levels of drought stress i.e., control (100% field-capacity) and drought stress (50% field-capacity), for two genotypes of camelina (611 and 618) and two canola genotypes (Super and Rachna).
Results: Drought stress caused marked reductions in the growth of canola and camelina genotypes as compared with control-100% field capacity. Compared to control, drought stress decreased shoot length of canola and cameline by 25% and 28%, respectively. Physiological attributes were also decreased under drought stress as photosynthetic rate, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content were decreased by 39, 38 and 42% in canola and 35, 45, and 39% in camelina, respectively, as compared to control. Drought stress was found to increase the oxidative damage in both crops. Foliar applications of Si improved the morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes in canola and camelina genotypes as compared to NS. Silicon applications at 4 mM upregulated the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were increased by 16, 18, and 12% in canola and 17, 14, and 15% in camelina respectively, reducing the electrolyte leakage as compared to NS. Under drought stress, maximum improvements in plants performances were observed when Si was foliarly applied at 4 mM followed by 6 mM and 2 mM. Among the genotypes, canola genotype Rachna showed better performance as compared to Super, while camelina genotype 618 showed better performance as compared with 611.
Conclusion: In crux, Si foliar application particularly at 4 mM improved the morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes in canola and camelina genotypes under drought-stressed conditions. The better growth and greater stress tolerance of Si-applied plants was attributed to maintaince of plant water status and photosynthetic pigments, lower oxidative damage, and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes under drought.
Elemental Profiling and mapping analysis of the Excreta of Trogopterus xanthipes (Wulingzhi) Collected from Different Regions using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Wang Anqi , Li Zheng , Zhao Yiyi , Wang Jinghui , Fu Xintong , Chen Yougen , Ye Min , Guo Hongzhu
Published: May 2023

Inorganic element content is an important quality and origin indicator for herbs. The excreta of Trogopterus xanthipes (“Wulingzhi” in Chinese; WLZ) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used to treat amenorrhea, menstrual pain, and postpartum abdominal pain for thousands of years. However, there has been less emphasis on the analysis of trace element content in WLZ. This study aimed to investigate the elemental characteristics of WLZ obtained from different regions (Shānxi, Shănxi, Hubei, Hebei) and perform a risk and benefit analysis to assess its quality and safety. Thirty elements in sixty batches of WLZ and their products processed with vinegar (V-WLZ) were compared using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, elemental mapping analysis, and metal pollution index (MPI) analysis, were applied to interpret the data. The box plots showed a heterogeneous distribution of almost all analyzed elements, indicating significant differences between the samples. This is the first study to provide the reference values for major, trace, and toxic elements in WLZ. Furthermore, the results revealed that the average value of heavy-MPI in V-WLZ (2.030) was slightly lower than that in WLZ (2.096). Combining the PCA data and the inorganic element spectra, we identified Fe, Al, Cu, Se, Pb, Rb, V, K, P, (Na), Cr, As, and Ni as the characteristic elements of WLZ and V-WLZ.
Anti-Ro52 antibody is a risk factor for depression and anxiety in patients with connective tissue diseases: an observational, single-center, cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Leilei , Wang Xiaoqin , Kang Haiyan , Gu Bingjie , Ren Qijie , Su Dinglei , Shen Minning
Published: May 2023

Background The risk of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety is increased in connective tissue diseases (CTDs). However, little is known about whether this risk is related to autoantibodies. We conducted an observational, single-center, cross-sectional study to investigate the correlation of depression and anxiety with the presence of autoantibodies in patients with CTDs.Methods Three hundred and fifty-two inpatients with CTDs were recruited and their demographic, serological and imaging data were collected through the medical record system. Depression and anxiety were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), rank sum test, chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to investigate risk factors for depression and anxiety.Results The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) and anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 5) in CTD patients was significantly higher than that in the Chinese general population (depression: 44.3% vs 32.2%, anxiety: 39.5% vs 22.2%). Sleep time was a protective factor for both depression and anxiety (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.605 ~ 0.856, P = 0.0002 and OR = 0.639, 95% CI: 0.528 ~ 0.773, P < 0.0001, respectively) while anti-Ro52 antibody was a risk factor for them (OR = 5.545, 95% CI: 3.053 ~ 10.074, P < 0.001 and OR = 5.642, 95% CI: 3.071 ~ 10.363, P < 0.0001, respectively). Further analysis showed that anti-Ro52 antibody was a risk factor for depression and anxiety in all four subgroups, namely SLE, SS, RA, and other CTDs.Conclusion Anti-Ro52 antibody is a risk factor for depression and anxiety in patients with connective tissue diseases. CTD patients with the presence of anti-Ro52 antibody are more prone to depression and anxiety than those without it.