bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bagaimana kontrol kerja memengaruhi pembelajaran informal pada karyawan senior?
Authors: Putri Rizka Maulani , Purba Debora Eflina
Published: September 2022

Informal learning is an important learning strategy for senior workers in the workplace to keep up with their career development. Studies previously have shown that job control predicted informal learning, but critics have argued that previous research has overlooked the psychological mechanisms that explained the relationship. This study aims to examine the mediating effect of occupational future time perspective in the relationship between job control and informal learning on older workers by using the Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) theory to explain the mediation model. Participants were older workers from various private and state-owned enterprises in Indonesia (N = 183). Data were analyzed using Hayes’s PROCESS macro version 3.4.1 on SPSS. The results showed that occupational future time perspective significantly mediated the relationship between job control and informal learning. As a practical implication, this study provides evaluation materials for organizations in planning programs for older workers in order to improve their occupational future time perspective and informal learning.
Pengembangan dan identifikasi properti psikometris kuesioner intensi prososial berbasis skenario untuk anak dan remaja
Authors: Ampuni Sutarimah , Buwono Sukmo Bayu Suryo
Published: September 2022

This research aimed to construct and examine the psychometric properties of the Scenario-Based Prosocial Intention Questionnaire (SBPIQ), a scenario-based questionnaire to tap prosocial intentions in children and adolescents. We examined the 40 items of SBPIQ representing four dimensions of prosocial behaviors (helping, sharing, comforting, and cooperating). The items were proportionally attached to 10 scenarios of prosocial behaviors commonly found in children and adolescents daily life. Data collection involved 2615 participants who were females (56,67%) and males (43,33%), aged 7-18 YO (7-9 YO, 16,21%; 10-12 YO, 19,81%; 13-15 YO, 35,07%; 16-18 YO, 28,91%), and resided in rural (41,03%) and urban (58,97%) areas. Psychometric properties were identified from construct validity (through Exploratory Factor Analysis & Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and internal consistency (through Stratified Alpha testing). Results showed that the final version of SBPIQ with 24 items exhibited acceptable construct validity and reliability. Furthermore, factor analyses confirmed the multidimentionality of prosocial behavior. Four distinct factors were found to form the construct of prosocial behaviors, and one second-order factor was also found to bind these 4 factors. Other findings and important notes are discussed within this article.
Deep learning-based feature extraction for prediction and interpretation of sharp-wave ripples in the rodent hippocampus
Authors: Navas-Olive Andrea , Amaducci Rodrigo , Jurado-Parras Maria-Teresa , Sebastian Enrique R , de la Prida Liset M
Published: September 2022

Local field potential (LFP) deflections and oscillations define hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs), one of the most synchronous events of the brain. SWRs reflect firing and synaptic current sequences emerging from cognitively relevant neuronal ensembles. While spectral analysis have permitted advances, the surge of ultra-dense recordings now call for new automatic detection strategies. Here, we show how one-dimensional convolutional networks operating over high-density LFP hippocampal recordings allowed for automatic identification of SWR from the rodent hippocampus. When applied without retraining to new datasets and ultra-dense hippocampus-wide recordings, we discovered physiologically relevant processes associated to the emergence of SWR, prompting for novel classification criteria. To gain interpretability, we developed a method to interrogate the operation of the artificial network. We found it relied in feature-based specialization, which permit identification of spatially segregated oscillations and deflections, as well as synchronous population firing typical of replay. Thus, using deep learning-based approaches may change the current heuristic for a better mechanistic interpretation of these relevant neurophysiological events.
Distinct architectural requirements for the parS centromeric sequence of the pSM19035 plasmid partition machinery
Authors: Volante Andrea , Alonso Juan Carlos , Mizuuchi Kiyoshi
Published: September 2022

Three-component ParABS partition systems ensure stable inheritance of many bacterial chromosomes and low-copy-number plasmids. ParA localizes to the nucleoid through its ATP-dependent nonspecific DNA-binding activity, whereas centromere-like parS-DNA and ParB form partition complexes that activate ParA-ATPase to drive the system dynamics. The essential parS sequence arrangements vary among ParABS systems, reflecting the architectural diversity of their partition complexes. Here, we focus on the pSM19035 plasmid partition system that uses a ParBpSM of the ribbon-helix-helix (RHH) family. We show that parSpSM with four or more contiguous ParBpSM-binding sequence repeats is required to assemble a stable ParApSM-ParBpSM complex and efficiently activate the ParApSM-ATPase, stimulating complex disassembly. Disruption of the contiguity of the parSpSM sequence array destabilizes the ParApSM-ParBpSM complex and prevents efficient ATPase activation. Our findings reveal the unique architecture of the pSM19035 partition complex and how it interacts with nucleoid-bound ParApSM-ATP.
Assessment of a wildfire in the remaining Nothofagus alessandrii forests, an endangered species of Chile, based on satellite Sentinel-2 images
Authors:   Universidad Católica del Maule Chile, Santelices-Moya Rómulo , Cabrera-Ariza Antonio ,   Universidad Católica del Maule Chile, Silva-Flores Patricia ,   Universidad Católica del Maule Chile, Navarro Cerrillo Rafael María ,   Universidad de Córdoba Spain
Published: September 2022

Nothofagus alessandrii is an endangered species that is naturally distributed in a Mediterranean environment in central Chile. In recent years, this territory has been subject to the effects of climate change, especially an increase in summer temperatures and prolonged periods of drought. In the summer of 2017, there was a fire of great magnitude consuming 184,000 ha, which affected the forests of N. alessandrii. This study assessed the severity and recovery dynamics of postfire vegetation by using spectral indices from Sentinel-2 images. The differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR), relative differenced normalized burn ratio (RdNBR), and relativized burn ratio (RBR) were calculated before and after the fire and, later, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) before the fire and during three consecutive years after the fire was utilized. The accuracy of the fire severity classifications was estimated using the kappa test (p<0.05). The three severity indices showed a similar classification in severity assessment and postfire response. The low-medium burn area in N. alessandrii forests ranged between 111.2 ha (RdNBR) and 130.3 ha (dNBR), and the high effect was between 46.1 ha (dNBR) and 66.0 ha (RdNBR), which was equivalent in both cases, approximately 11% of the total. Regarding the NDVI, vegetation recovery after three years of the fire showed a systematic return to prefire conditions. The assessment of the effect of a mega forest fire on the remaining forests of N. alessandrii based on Sentinel-2 images offers the opportunity for a better understanding of the severity of damage and the behavior of vegetation after the fire. All this information will help in a better recovery of these forests.
Evaluation of liquid phosphorus fertilizers and fulvic acids in a potato crop in an Andisol type soil
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Soils and Natural Resources. Chillán, Chile., Bustos Ignacio , Schoebitz Mauricio ,   Universidad de Concepción, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Soils and Natural Resources. Chillán, Chile., Zagal Erick ,   Universidad de Concepción, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Soils and Natural Resources. Chillán, Chile., Muñoz Cristina ,   Universidad de Concepción, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Soils and Natural Resources. Chillán, Chile.
Published: September 2022

Andisols are soils derived from volcanic ash that are characterized by high concentrations of phosphorus (P). However, most of the P is not readily available for plant uptake due to the physical–chemical properties of the soils. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of liquid P fertilizers on the plant growth and yield of a potato crop cultivated in Andisol type soil located in southern Chile. Ten treatments were applied pre- and/or postemergence, including orthophosphate- or ammonium polyphosphatebased fertilizers applied alone or in combination with fulvic acid and granular fertilizers; in addition, an unfertilized control (T0) was also included. Significant differences were found in terms of yield, total number of stems, and tuber size. The application of liquid fertilizers resulted in similar levels of foliar P content, while the number of stems was higher with the combined application of ammonium polyphosphate and fulvic acid. Furthermore, liquid P fertilizers increased crop yield (38%) and the proportion of large tubers (17%). The effects of orthophosphate and polyphosphate liquid fertilizers on potato were enhanced by the addition of fulvic acid to the soil.
Bacterial population monitoring during alcoholic fermentation of mezcal in Durango by DGGE
Authors:   TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE MÉXICO/ INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE DURANGO, Torres-Velázquez Diana Sofia , Rojas-Contreras Juan Antonio ,   TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE MÉXICO/ INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE DURANGO, Soto-Cruz Nicolás Óscar ,   TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE MÉXICO/ INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE DURANGO, Utriz Estrada Norma ,   Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Durango, México., López Miranda Javier ,   TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE MÉXICO/ INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE DURANGO, Kirchmayr Manuel ,   Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ). Jalisco, México., Páez-Lerma Jesús Bernardo ,   TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE MÉXICO/ INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE DURANGO
Published: September 2022

Mezcal is the second most important alcoholic beverage produced in Mexico, and the microorganisms present during the fermentation process are primarily responsible for its organoleptic characteristics. Among these, the bacterial populations have been less studied, mainly due to the difficulty of recovering them. The aim was to apply a culture-independent molecular technique to detect the bacterial populations involved in spontaneous mezcal fermentation in Durango State. Samples were obtained from several stages in the mezcal production line. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was performed using DNA extracted from isolated microorganisms and metagenomes obtained from samples directly taken from the fermentation process. This study indicated that non-isolated bacteria were significant in the fermentation process and indicated that the lactic acid and acetic acid bacterial populations present in the monitored process are similar to those present in other regions during fermentation, although they differ in some species that may play essential roles in the development of the typical organoleptic properties of mezcal produced in the State of Durango. Furthermore, this study indicates that culture-independent analysis by DGGE can reveal the bacterial diversity during the mezcal fermentation process without the use of complex isolation procedures and can be a useful tool for the analysis, monitoring and control of mezcal fermentation processes.
Análisis crítico de la regulación jurídica chilena de residuos de la construcción y demolición: Identificación de deficiencias y propuesta de directrices generales para su solución a partir de los principios de la economía circular
Authors:   Moraga y Compañía, Canals de la Puente Jorge , Estenssoro Soriano Javiera ,   Moraga y Compañía
Published: September 2022

El siguiente trabajo identifica el marco jurídico vigente para los residuos de la construcción y demolición (RCD), uno de los flujos de residuos más significativos de la economía nacional. Identifica sus deficiencias, vacíos y superposición de competencias, y propone como directrices para la creación de un marco normativo integrado una Ley General de Residuos, y reglamentación con objetivos específicos de valorización, considerando los principios que informan la economía circular.
Contractual Budgeting as a Tool for Sustainable Development
Authors: Alrikabi Naji Shayeb
Published: September 2022

General budget of the Iraqi state have a great importance in the lives of most Iraqis, Without them no salaries for employees, retirees, the security services, municipal services and healthy. Despite this importance, it is preparing a manner that lead to the waste of public money, in addition to lead to the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption. In order to avoid the waste of public money, at the operational and investment budget, budget it is necessary to prepare according to mechanisms contractual budget by:

-Concluding a service contracts, partnership with the private sector (P3S)

-Concluding a contracts (B.O.T) with the foreign companies.

 As well as the contractual budget, contribute to reducing the state budget deficit.
Characterization and Isolation of Bacteria from Adult African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Selected Fish Farms of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Uedeme-Naa B. , John-Amadi V. S.
Published: September 2022

This research examined the bacterial loads in the intestine, skin and gills of cultured Clarias gariepinus in some selected private farms at Eleme, Emohua, Ikwerre, Obio/Akpor and Port Harcourt Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Determination of bacterial loads species characterization in fish parts was done using standard microbiological procedures. Results of the assay showed high bacterial count in the gill, gut and skin of fish from the different locations, especially at Emuoha Local Government Area. The total heterotrophic bacteria counts of fish: gills ranged between 1.7X108 and 3.1 X 107; gut ranged between 1.4 X 107 and 7.2 X 106 and skin ranged between 1.5 X 106 and 6.8 X 106 in all the stations under consideration (Eleme, Emohua, Ikwerre, Obio/Akpor and Port Harcourt city Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria.). Bacterial genera isolated includs: Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. Enterica sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Shigella sp., Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and Citrobacter sp.
Analysis of the Quality of Peace and Security from the Perspective of Community Policing in Lira city, Northern Uganda
Authors: Opio Maxwell , Chono-Oryang Alex , Mwesigwa David
Published: September 2022

Uganda faces an ever-upward rate of urban criminality; this has led to continued loss of lives and property. Security officials, especially, the Uganda Police Force have embraced a range of approaches to mitigate, avert and/or evade crime but none appears to yield sustainable outcomes. The decade ending 2020 witnessed the espousal of ‘community policing as an innovative approach to detecting and thwarting urban crime. Obtainable literature indicates that community policing is a paradigm shift grounded in the principles of policing by the consent of the community. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the quality of peace and security from the perspective of selected community policing models. Two questions are answered, namely; (a) how does intelligence-led policing enhance peace and security among slum dwellers in Lira city west division? And (b) how does zero-tolerance policing enhance peace and security among slum dwellers in the Lira city west division? A Case study design was adopted in eight purposely selected slums. The participants who were resourceful during data collection are; elected leaders, civil servants, security operatives, retired security officers, and media practitioners. Results suggest that the Intelligence-led policing model has the potential to enhance the protection of security information from unauthorized persons. Thus enabling the Police Force to dislodge organized crime in the slum areas. Also, Zero-tolerance policing model provides efficient management of security investigations since the Police Force can gather evidence to facilitate the prosecution of offenders. Thus, a combination of both models is key in enhancing peace and security among slum areas in Lira City.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Yield Contributing Characters on Seed Yield in Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
Authors: Karthik U. , Lal Gaibriyal M. , Bara Bineeta M. , Yajavathi C. , Gangadhar L.
Published: September 2022

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world. Pulses play a crucial role in the nutrition of mankind and can be cultivated all over the world, making them important both economically as well as nutritionally. The present investigation was carried out with objective of assessing genetic variability, genetic parameters like GCV, PCV, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path analysis on 26 Blackgram genotypes with one check using randomized block design with three replication during Kharif 2021 in experimental Farm of the Department Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Observations were recorded for 13 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pod setting, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length (cm), biological yield per plant (g), harvest Index (%), seed index, seed yield per plant (g). based on mean performance MASH -338 found to be superior in seed yield per plant followed by IPU-99. Among the 13 quantitative characters, high estimates of GCV and PCV were recorded respectively for number of pods per plant followed by number of clusters per plant. Number of pods per plant showed high heritability and genetic advance. Positive and significant correlation with number of clusters per plant at genotypic and phenotypic level. At genotypic level, the highest positive direct effect on Seed yield per plant effect was found for number of clusters per plant and harvest index at genotypic level. It can be concluded that these traits can be used as selection criteria in blackgram for bringing improvement in seed yield.
Pre-sowing Seed Treatments with Panchagavya, Jeevamrutha and Beejamrutha on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Variety-RVG202
Authors: Kumar Raghuvallu Dileep , Rai Prashant Kumar , Bara Bineeta Michael , Raju G. Venkata
Published: September 2022

The field experiment entitled Pre-sowing seed treatments of Panchagavya, jeevamrutha and beejamrutha on growth, yield and yield attributing traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) variety- RVG 202 was conducted during Rabi 2021 at field experimental center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P). The trail was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Twelve treatments and control which were replicated thrice. The treatments are as follows, TO- Control, (T1, T2, T3, T4, - Panchagavya – 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%), (T5, T6, T7 and T8 – Jeevamrutha - 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%), (T9, T10, T11, T12 – Beejamrutha - 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) respectively. The experiment results revealed that seeds treated with T8 – Jeevamrutham – 9% gave better than other treatments viz, Field emergence, days for 50% flowering and has matured earlier, Days to 50% pod setting, Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plot, Harvest index, Seed index, were significantly higher compared to the other treatments.
Using a Ball that Bounces Down a Flight of Stairs to Determine Energy Dissipation in Stepped Spillway with a Fully Developed Hydraulic Jump
Authors: Ozueigbo Okechuku , Agunwamba J. C.
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the authors reviewed the characteristics of a ball that descended one step each bounce of a flight of stairs and drew an analogy with a stepped spillway with a fully developed hydraulic jump. They used this concept with equations of motion, classical hydraulic jump, and Chanson’s model for energy dissipation in the stepped spillway to formulate a mechanistic model for energy dissipation rates. The range of Froude numbers used was between 5 and 16. They used data from previous researchers’ publications on drop structures to verify the new model and data sets generated compared well with the measured data sets. Results showed that energy dissipation rates along the stepped spillway increased with the increasing number of steps but decreased with increasing discharges. It also showed the optimal number of steps for 100% energy dissipation.
Evaluation of the Satisfaction Level of the IDP with the Basic IDP Facilities Provided
Authors: Emmanuel I. Nkeleme , Asabe H. Mshelbara , Ukah Gerald C. , Akpunonu Christian Uchechukwu , Tolani Sani Abdulrahman
Published: September 2022

The prolonged conflict between the Boko-Haram and the Nigerian military has led to the displacement of a lot of people from their communities forcing them to settle into Internally Displace Persons (IDP) camps over these years. This has placed a heavy burden on the government and other non-governmental organizations in the provision of aides and IDP camp facilities to reduce the suffering of these people, especially women and children. This paper sought to evaluate the IDP satisfaction or Dissatisfaction with the camp facilities in official camps in Borno State. It was conducted with the use of a structured questionnaire distributed in 12 out of the 16 official IDP camps studied. A total of 392 questionnaires were distributed with 331 returned given a percentage response of 84.4% and the data gotten were analyzed using the SPSS version19.0. The result revealed among others that; There is a gross insufficiency in the provision of water and toilet facilities in the IDP camps, and Electricity/lighting services are the facilities that the IDP is most dissatisfied with. The research recommends that Government, INGO, and Local NGOs should try to improve the Electricity/lighting services in the IDP camps as they pay similar attention to the nature of the Shelter/tent and Water containers accordingly.
Factors Affecting the Uptake of Combination Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Restinia Mita , Musir Ahmad , Aldrat Hendri , Nisa Hoirun , Amran Yuli , Marvel . , Dening Alia
Published: September 2022

Aims: To analyze factors affecting the use of a combination of herbs and medication or supplements for COVID-19 treatment among self-isolation patients.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to 268 COVID-19 patients with home self-isolation in Indonesia. Data were collected by using a google form questionnaire, consisting of closed-formatted and open-ended questions, from October 9th to December 9th, 2021. A multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression test.

Results: The proportion of COVID-19 patients who used a combination of herbs and medication or supplements was 78.4%. Vitamin C, vitamin D, and paracetamol were the medication and supplements most frequently taken by patients. The most commonly consumed herbs were honey (70.7%), ginger (50.18%), and saffron (26.74%). The multivariate analysis results showed that the duration of infection, sunbathing activities, and marital status were factors significantly associated with the use of a combination of herbs and medication or supplements (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study highlighted that most COVID-19 patients used herbs in combination with medication or supplements for their treatment. Therefore, there is a necessity for education, especially for patients and health professionals about the potential herb-drug interactions.
PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE DAN NUTRITION LABEL TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MIE INSTAN LEMONILO: EFEK MODERASI ORIENTASI MAKANAN SEHAT
Authors: Gunawan Priscillia Angela , Kunto Yohanes Sondang
Published: September 2022

Walaupun dipersepsikan sebagai makanan tinggi-kalori rendah-nutrisi, mie instan berada pada daftar teratas pilihan makanan bagi banyak konsumen. Lemonilo, yang dikenal karena produk makanan kontemporernya, melakukan diferensiasi mie instan produksi mereka dengan memasarkannya sebagai makanan yang bernutrisi dan natural. Studi ini mempelajari persepsi konsumen atas brand image dan nutrition label dan bagaimana faktor-faktor tersebut mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian mie instan Lemonilo, dan juga memasukan efek moderasi orientasi makanan sehat untuk memperkuat penelitian. Data berasal dari responden yang tinggal di dua kota metropolitan di Indonesia: Jakarta dan Surabaya. Peneliti menggunakan quota sampling dari 100 konsumen mie instan Lemonilo. Studi ini memetakan brand image dan nutrition label mie instan Lemonilo dibandingkan dengan kompetitor. Model regresi linier berganda diaplikasikan untuk mengukur pengaruh brand image dan nutrition label terhadap keputusan pembelian mie instan Lemonilo dengan efek moderasi orientasi makanan sehat.
Trends in Urinary Catheter Use by Indication in US Emergency Departments, 2002-2019
Authors: Dickerson Mayes Katherine , Schuur Jeremiah D. , Chou Shih-Chuan
Published: September 2022

This retrospective study examines trends in urinary catheter use in US emergency departments between 2002 and 2019.
Development of a novel peptide inhibitor of subtilisin BPN′
Authors: Ishida Kohki , Shimizu Makoto , Wakasugi Ayumi , Matsui Yuko , Nakamura Akira , Kojima Shuichi
Published: September 2022

Proteinaceous protease inhibitors can strongly and specifically inhibit cognate proteases, but their use as pharmaceuticals is limited by their size. As such, the development of effective protease peptide inhibitors would be beneficial for biochemical studies and drug discovery. In this study, we applied a phage display system to select subtilisin BPN′‐binding peptides and evaluated their inhibitory activities against subtilisin BPN′. A 12mer peptide with an intramolecular disulfide bond inhibited subtilisin BPN′ (Ki value of 13.0 nm). Further mutational analyses of the peptide resulted in the development of a short peptide inhibitor against subtilisin BPN′ that showed high inhibitory activity and binding affinity (Ki value of 0.30 nm). This activity was found to be derived from the conformational rigidity caused by the intramolecular disulfide bond and the small residue at the P1′ site and from the interaction of the P4 and P6′ residues with subtilisin BPN′.
Preparation of High‐Performance WC–MgO Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Qin Jiayu , Hui Jiaqi , Dong Weiwei , Bai Yunfeng , Fan Jinhui , Ding Hao , Zhu Shigen
Published: September 2022

Herein, tungsten carbide (WC)–4.3 wt% MgO composite powders are synthesized by high‐energy planetary ball milling method and then consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Submicrometer WC–MgO composite powders are consolidated to obtain a nearly complete density of WC–MgO composites (99.15%). The nanosized MgO distributed along the WC grains in WC–MgO composite plays an important role of dispersion strengthening and achieving high flexural fracture strength of WC–MgO composites (1348 MPa). As the addition of MgO increases the interfacial strength, the fracture mode of WC–MgO composites is mainly a mixture of transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture. High value on Vickers hardness (1660HV) and fracture toughness (9.37 MPa m1/2) of WC–MgO are also observed due to the crack deflection and crack bridging. Binderless WC–MgO composites have similar properties to WC–Co and are expected to replace WC–Co hard metal for saving resources and reducing cost.
Sulfur Vacancies‐Triggered High SERS Activity of Molybdenum Disulfide for Ultrasensitive Detection of Trace Diclofenac
Authors: Quan Yingnan , Tang Xiang‐Hu , Shen Wei , Li Peihua , Yang Meng , Huang Xing‐Jiu , Liu Wen‐Qing
Published: September 2022

Due to the efficient photoinduced charge transfer properties of nonmetals, nonmetallic surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have been advanced rapidly these years. And among of these, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is perceived as one of the most representative nonmetallic SERS substrates due to its abundant active sites. However, its progress in SERS field is severely hindered because of the lower SERS activity. Herein, one type of vacancies‐triggered highly sensitive SERS substrate based on nanostructured MoS2 with sulfur vacancies (VS) is proposed. The VS‐MoS2 substrates are intended to promote the SERS performance through the VS density regulation. Intrinsically, moderate VS can change the bandgap structure of MoS2, thus promoting the separation of internal carriers and enhancing the interaction with target species. Externally, the presence of VS can bring abundant adsorption sites on MoS2 surface, which greatly improves its ability to enrich target molecules. Both internal and external properties make VS‐MoS2 a high SERS activity substrate. Moreover, with the antibiotic contaminant diclofenac as a model probe molecule, the VS‐MoS2 substrate can accurately perceive its nanomolar concentration level with an enhancement factor up to 5.85 × 103. This work demonstrates exciting potential for analysis in real water environments based on nonmetallic SERS applications.
Microwave Vortex Transceiver System with Continuous Tunability Using Identical Plasmonic Resonators
Authors: Zhang Xuanru , Zhao Xue , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2022

Electromagnetic vortices have attracted vast interest for their unique physics and promising applications. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to vortex generations, but receiving vortex modes remains challenging and commonly requires spatial phase gradient measurements. Here, a compact microwave vortex transceiver system based on reversible superposition and decomposition of degenerate and orthogonal dipole modes is reported. Identical plasmonic resonators are designed as both transmitting and receiving antennas. The received vortex modes are conveniently characterized by amplitude and phase signals measured at the receiving resonator ports. The transmitted orbital angular momentum (OAM) can be continuously tunable while the topological charge maintains discrete values of ±1. A transceiver system for degradation and reconstruction of OAMs is experimentally constructed, which can dynamically tune the vortex modes via simple voltage modulations. This research provides a convenient solution to transmit and receive microwave vortices, and paves novel routes for sensing and wireless communications based on continuously tunable vortex modes.
PbSe Nanosheets for High‐Performance Harmonic Mode Locking
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Hu Jiyi , Wang Yamin , Feng Jiangjiang
Published: September 2022

As a new emerging semiconductor with interlayer bandgap, lead selenide (PbSe) have broad prospects in the fields of electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, infrared optoelectronic devices, optoelectronics, and ultrafast photonics. Among them, ultrafast photonics is receiving a lot of attention due to its ultrashort pulse, strong peak power, narrow bandwidth, and high repetition frequency. Herein, the properties are systematically studied of PbSe through various characterization methods. The modulation depth of PbSe is up to 30%, and its saturation light intensity is 7.86 MW cm−2. Using the evanescent field effect, nonlinear fiber‐based photonics devices has been successfully prepared based on the PbSe nanosheet solution, which can increase the bearable pump power. The 36th picosecond harmonic mode‐locked soliton molecule is generated in the erbium‐doped fiber laser, which corresponds to a maximum repetition frequency of 222 MHz. The results show that the signal‐to‐noise ratio can reach up to 49.1 dB which is higher than most previous works by now. The results revealed the potential of PbSe as an excellent photonics material in applications such as nonlinear optics, ultrafast photonics equipment, photoconductive detectors, and light modulators.
Towards High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Batteries via a Semi‐Conductive Bipolar‐Type Polymer Cathode
Authors: Yan Lei , Zhu Qiang , Qi Yae , Xu Jie , Peng Yu , Shu Jie , Ma Jing , Wang Yonggang
Published: September 2022

Aqueous Zn‐organic batteries have received considerable attention owing to their green, low‐cost and high safe nature. Unfortunately, organic materials generally exhibit insulator nature (≈10−10 S cm−1), and most of reported promising performances of Zn‐organic batteries are achieved with a low mass‐loading (≈2 mg cm−2) in cathode, which is far away from practical application (10 mg cm−2). Herein, we demonstrate a semi‐conductive polymer poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene) (PDAN) cathode material for Zn batteries, which shows a moderate electronic conductivity (5.9×10−5 S cm−1). Theoretical calculations and in situ/ex situ analysis reveal that the cathode involves a bipolar‐type charge storage mechanism. Accordingly, the Zn//PDAN cell exhibits a promising capacity (140 mAh g−1at 0.1 A g−1) and a remarkable cycle stability (1000 cycles without capacity fading) at a high mass‐loading (10 mg cm−2). These encouraging results shed light on the design of advanced organic electrode.
Development of hybrid hydrogel to facilitate knee joint movement with an engineering approach
Authors: Göncü Yapıncak
Published: September 2022

Hyaline cartilage can be defined as a “biological bearing material” with an engineering approach. Movement causes friction between joints while lubricants provide separation between the two surfaces, reducing or preventing frictional wear. This study describes an injectable hybrid hydrogel consisting of a hyaluronic acid matrix filled with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles that can mimic the rheological properties of joint fluid. hBN is a good lubricant and a strong candidate for biomedical applications with its unique tribological properties. The hypothesis established is that the lubricating property of hBN may alleviate the symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) and improve the person's life quality. A new formulation and strategy for articular injections are proposed. The focus of the present work is the presentation of the rheological profile of hyaluronic acid‐boron nitride (HA‐hBN) hybrid hydrogels. Structural and physical characterizations have shown that BN‐HA hybrid hydrogels can be produced in injectable form, their compatibility with HA strongly depends on surface modification of BN, and they are promising candidates for the treatment of OA by evaluating the frequency range of walking and running.
Identification of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi infested in fall armyworm in the cornfield of Korea, and evaluation of its virulence
Authors: Acharya Rajendra , Lee Ji‐Youn , Hwang Hwal‐Su , Kim Min‐Ki , Lee Seung‐Yeol , Jung Hee‐Young , Park Ikju , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll
Published: September 2022

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is an important invasive pest in Africa and Asia. It is a polyphagous pest with at least 353 recorded host plant species, including corn. Chemical control of this pest is unsuccessful because of a developed resistance and harmful effects on the environment. Entomopathogenic fungi are potential biological control agents for FAW. In this study, the native strain of Metarhizium rileyi (KNU‐Ye‐1), collected from a cornfield at Yeongcheon, Korea, was identified by morphological and molecular characterization. The susceptibility of the fourth‐instar larvae of FAW to the native strain M. rileyi was examined in the laboratory. The results showed that the Korean strain of M. rileyi (KNU‐Ye‐1) was highly virulent to FAW larvae, causing 89% mortality 7 days posttreatment. Therefore, M. rileyi (KNU‐Ye‐1) identified in this study is highly valuable for the biological control of FAW in the field.
From waste to market: Exploring markets, institutions, and innovation ecosystems for waste valorization
Authors: Nogueira Leticia Antunes , Lindeløv Bjarne , Olsen Julia
Published: September 2022

This article explores the emergence of waste valorization innovations to investigate how they interact with incumbent waste management systems and what roles markets play in the process. We build upon innovation ecosystems as an analytical framework and investigate empirically three cases distributed across the waste hierarchy pyramid: (i) upcycling of discarded fishing gear; (ii) reusing constructions and recovering demolition waste; and (iii) establishing a biomass‐based district heating facility. Our cases indicate that waste valorization initiatives are deeply entangled in incumbent waste management systems and that markets alone appear to be insufficient to drive innovations in waste valorization. Our analysis also points to a relationship between the position of waste innovation in the waste hierarchy and the presence and effectiveness of markets. Markets function better when resources already have some economic value, which is what waste valorization processes seek to obtain. When the environmental value is higher than the economic value, other mechanisms are needed to enable innovations, markets, and sustainability transitions. Support from the public sector in various capacities, from international regulation to demand shaping, seems to be essential for circular economy transitions. Understanding issues such as how waste innovations reach the market and how markets for waste resources function is imperative for circular economy transitions.
Inter‐judicial differences in approaching technical violations: Examining the interaction of judge and compliance issue for domestic violence probationers
Authors: Romain Dagenhardt Danielle M. , Freiburger Tina L.
Published: September 2022

Few studies have examined differences in the sentencing practices of judges within a jurisdiction. Even more limited is research examining differences across judges in domestic violence courts despite the large amount of discretion afforded to judges in these courts in sanctioning decisions. The current study utilized data from a large urban county court to determine whether significant differences existed across judges in allocating a jail sanction in the domestic violence court. Three hundred forty seven probation review hearings in which at least one act of noncompliance were examined. Findings suggest significant differences in the use of jail for prohibited substance abuse, but not for other forms of noncompliance. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Antifungal, Repellency, and Insecticidal Activities of Cymbopogon distans and Ruta graveolens Essential Oils and Their Main Chemical Constituents
Authors: Wang Sen , Li Shi‐Cai , Cheng Fang‐Shu , Ren Ting , Fan‐Li  , Mei Da‐Hai , Gao Kun , Song Qiu‐Yan
Published: September 2022

Essential oils produced by Cymbopogon distans and Ruta graveolens with a similar Chinese name could be explained as book fragrance in the Chinese idiom ‘shu xiang men di’, namely, a wealthy intellectual family according to ancient Chinese. Therefore, volatile oils from these two plants and their main compounds were tested to explore their antifungal, repellent, and insecticide actions. In this study, the essential olis (EO) of C. distans exhibited significant antifungal activity against Rhizopus stolonifera (97 %), Mucor racemosus (97 %), and Trichoderma viride (84 %); its main compounds exhibit interesting activity, such as methyleugenol (87 %) and elemicine (85 %) against T. viride and butyl hydroxytoluene against M. racemosus (90 %) and R. stolonifera (95 %). The EO of R. graveolens and other major chemical constituents showed weak inhibitory effects against other fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum). Then, EO (C. distans and R. graveolens) and its main compounds exhibited obvious repellent activity (more than 85 %) at a concentration of 16 nL/cm2, which was consistent with the repellency of the positive control (DEET). In terms of insecticidal activity, the mortality of C. distans volatile oil against R. padi (56.4 %) was lower than that of R. graveolens volatile oil (92.4 %), and all compounds showed weak lethal effects. These results provide a natural substance for controlling fungi and insects when storing books and that can be used as a biological pesticide for industrial production. Through our study, the book fragrance in the Chinese idiom ‘shu xiang men di’ was speculated to be the EO odor of C. distans.
Effective Charge Carrier Utilization of BiVO4 for Solar Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Can , Fan Wenjun , Chen Shanshan , Zhang Fuxiang
Published: September 2022

Solar energy‐driven overall water splitting (OWS) is an attractive way for generating clean and renewable green hydrogen. One key challenge is the construction of OWS systems with high solar energy conversion efficiencies, in which how to manipulate photoexcited charge carriers to efficiently participate in the reaction is the top priority. In recent years, bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has emerged as one of the most promising materials for photo(electro)catalytic OWS and considerable progress has been achieved. In this review, recent advances of BiVO4‐constituted OWS systems in both photoelectrocatalytic and photocatalytic approaches are presented in a mainline of effective charge carrier utilization. Various strategies for improved charge carrier utilization, including band structure engineering, improving charge separation, reducing charge recombination, and accelerating reaction kinetics, are summarized and analyzed in detail. Finally, perspective and outlook on further exploring the application potential of BiVO4 are proposed.
Cucurbit[7]uril‐Encapsulation‐Controlled Supramolecular Photoproduct and Radical Fluorescence Emission
Authors: Peng Min , Luo Yi , Rao Yutao , Song Jianxin , Ni Xin‐Long
Published: September 2022

Herein, a host–guest interaction–controlled photoproduct created by using cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7])‐based pseudorotaxane structures is reported. The assembly exhibited controlled behavior towards the reduction of the ethylene (C=C) bond in the tetrakis(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethylene (TPyE) guest molecule under UV light irradiation. This can be attributed to the Q[7] encapsulation masking the four pyridinium arms of the guest, which inhibits planarization of the TPyE core to form the cyclization product. In particular, the strong affinity of Q[7] for the butyl‐substituted guest (TPyE‐4C) led to an unusual radical fluorescence emission of the photoirradiation‐triggered intermediate of the guest molecule being observed in aqueous solution. This work provides a valuable paradigm and new insight for macrocycle‐based host−guest interactions in supramolecular catalysis and luminescent radical materials.
1,2,5‐Triarylcycloalka[c]arsoles: Structural Effects of Fused‐cycloalkanes on Stability and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Iwasaki Suzuka , Miyake Yusuke , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: September 2022

Herein, we have synthesized a variety of cycloalkane‐fused arsoles. Cyclopentane and cyclohexane were incorporated into the cycloalkane‐fused arsoles. Surprisingly, cyclohexane‐fused arsole 2 a gradually decomposed via oxidative ring‐opening under ambient conditions, while cyclopentane‐fused 1 a was stable. In addition, the Stokes shift of 2 a (7766 cm−1) is larger than that of 1 a (5120 cm−1). The effects of the fused cycloalkane on the stability and photophysical properties were attributed to the distortion of the cycloalkane. Computational calculations demonstrated that the cyclohexane moiety in 2 a was frustrated upon being incorporated into the rigid arsole ring, while the cyclopentane moiety in 1 a was much less distorted.
Shedding Light on the Enigmatic TcO2 ⋅ xH2O Structure with Density Functional Theory and EXAFS Spectroscopy**
Authors: Oliveira Augusto F. , Kuc Agnieszka , Heine Thomas , Abram Ulrich , Scheinost Andreas C.
Published: September 2022

The β‐emitting 99Tc isotope is a high‐yield fission product in 235U and 239Pu nuclear reactors, raising special concern in nuclear waste management due to its long half‐life and the high mobility of pertechnetate (TcO4−). Under the conditions of deep nuclear waste repositories, Tc is retained through biotic and abiotic reduction of TcO4− to compounds like amorphous TcO2 ⋅ xH2O precipitates. It is generally accepted that these precipitates have linear (Tc(μ‐O)2(H2O)2)n chains, with trans H2O. Although corresponding Tc−Tc and Tc−O distances have been obtained from extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, this structure is largely based on analogy with other compounds. Here, we combine density‐functional theory with EXAFS measurements of fresh and aged samples to show that, instead, TcO2 ⋅ xH2O forms zigzag chains that undergo a slow aging process whereby they combine to form longer chains and, later, a tridimensional structure that might lead to a new TcO2 polymorph.
Transition‐Linker Containing Detergents for Membrane Protein Studies
Authors: Luo Weiling , Yang Meifang , Zhao Yitian , Wang Huixia , Yang Xiaodi , Zhang Wei , Zhao Fei , Zhao Suwen , Tao Houchao
Published: September 2022

It is a pressing need, but still challenging to explore the structure and function of membrane proteins (MPs). One of the main obstacles is the limited availability of matched detergents for the handling of specific MPs. We describe herein the design of new detergents by incorporation of a transition linker between the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail. This design allows a gradual change of hydrophobicity between the outside and inside of micelles, in contrast to the abrupt switch in conventional detergents. Notably, many of these detergents assembled into micelles in while retaining low critical micelle concentrations. Meanwhile, thermal stabilizing evaluation identified superior detergents for representative MPs, including G protein‐coupled receptors and a transporter protein. Among them, further improved the NMR study of MPs. We anticipate these that results will encourage future detergent expansion through new remodeling on the traditional detergent scaffold.
Analysis of biases in automatic white balance datasets and methods
Authors: Buzzelli Marco , Zini Simone , Bianco Simone , Ciocca Gianluigi , Schettini Raimondo , Tchobanou Mikhail K.
Published: September 2022

Annotated datasets for automatic white balance (AWB) are used for the evaluation and, when necessary, the training, of AWB methods. Relying on such datasets requires awareness of the potential bias in their content and characteristics: some methods are designed to rely on the presence of particular elements, such as human skin, while other methods learn implicit relationships between image content and light properties from training data. The dependency on these relationships makes it fundamental to understand whether the available datasets are actually representative of common application scenarios, such as the presence of human subjects, the diversity of composition, or the illumination conditions. In this paper we overview the most common datasets for Automatic White Balance, including those for single as well as multiple illuminant estimation, providing a critical analysis on their characteristics. Furthermore, we identify a number of existing methods for single illuminant estimation, as a representative pool of approaches to the problem with various levels of complexity. We investigate how the performance of these correlate to the image content of common datasets.