bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guarulhos, cidade industrial: aspectos da história e do patrimônio da industrialização num município da Grande São Paulo
Authors: Toledo Edilene
Published: January 2013

Este artigo traz uma discussão inicial sobre o processo histórico de industrialização do município de Guarulhos, na grande São Paulo, procurando identificar seus agentes históricos e conectando esse processo com a história mais ampla da capital do estado, do país e do mundo. Busca refletir também sobre seu importante patrimônio industrial, que documenta o processo de industrialização, e sobre a dificuldade da sua preservação em meio às transformações da cidade.
Contribuições de um Escritório de Gerenciamento de Projetos em Um Laboratório de P&D de Uma Universidade Pública
Authors: Moutinho José Da Assunção , Kniess Cláudia Terezinha
Published: January 2013

Os projetos de P&D desenvolvidos pelas universidades públicas carecem de uma estrutura formal voltada para o seu gerenciamento. A implantação de Escritórios de Gerenciamento de Projetos – EGP introduz uma cultura de projetos responsável pela gestão dos empreendimentos enquanto os pesquisadores se concentram nos aspectos técnicos e científicos. Neste contexto, este relato técnico tem por objetivo identificar as principais contribuições do EGP no gerenciamento dos projetos implementados por um laboratório de pesquisa em uma universidade pública brasileira. Utilizando a estratégia de estudo de caso, esta pesquisa conclui que o escritório desempenha, não só funções características da área de gerenciamento de projetos, mas também é responsável por garantir o atendimento a aspectos formais inerentes ao ambiente público de pesquisa.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i2.116
A Adoção da Inovação Aberta Dentro da Estratégia de Internacionalização de Empresas Multinacionais de Economias Emergentes
Authors: Silveira Franciane Freitas , Armellini Fabiano , Dantas de Aquino Lucas Nobrega , Giroletti Domingos Antônio
Published: January 2013

Com o aumento da relevância dos países emergentes na economia global, acelerou-se o processo de internacionalização das empresas oriundas desses países. Isso pode ser constatado pelo aumento do fluxo de IDE (Investimento Direto Estrangeiro) provenientes de empresas de mercados emergentes. Apesar das similaridades com as empresas tradicionais, a literatura indica que as multinacionais emergentes lançam mão de estratégias diferenciadas para traçar sua trajetória de atuação além fronteiras. A partir dessa perspectiva, este estudo exploratório analisa o processo de verticalização e desverticalização das empresas enfocando, sobretudo, a mudança atual do paradigma de inovação, conhecida como inovação aberta. Com base nesse panorama, avaliam-se as estratégias das multinacionais emergentes e o papel de suas subsidiárias, com o intuito compreender como se dá o processo de dispersão das atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) ao longo do processo de internacionalização dessas empresas, e mais particularmente as empresas brasileiras. O estudo mostra, por meio de comparação de estudos teóricos, que o paradigma da inovação aberta traz vantagens para as corporações multinacionais emergentes que o adotam em seus processos de internacionalização das atividades de P&D, mas que as empresas brasileiras não parecem estar se aproveitando em toda sua potencialidade.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i3.126
O Processo de Comunicação no Projeto PROFISCO/RN
Authors: Souza Marconi Brasil Soares de , Rodrigues Adriano Almeida
Published: January 2013

O presente trabalho aborda o processo de comunicação no PROFISCO/RN, destacando a importância do gerenciamento de projetos e a aplicação desta ferramenta na administração pública. Teve como objetivos identificar o processo de comunicação existente no projeto PROFISCO/RN e analisar o plano de comunicação a ser aplicado. Em uma abordagem de pesquisa descritiva, com base em material bibliográfico, apresenta conceitos inerentes a gerenciamento e comunicação de projetos, enquanto busca a aplicação prática a partir da observação de caso particular no RN. O gerenciamento das comunicações do projeto refere-se aos processos necessários para assegurar que as informações sejam geradas e distribuídas de maneira oportuna e apropriada. O plano de comunicação em um projeto assume um papel essencial no acompanhamento das ações adotadas no projeto com vista a atingir seus objetivos. O PROFISCO/RN apresenta-se na fase iminente de execução, tendo como base o planejamento das ações e a programação financeira especificados. Os pesquisadores percebem a ausência de um plano de comunicação formal, embora implícitas ações de comunicação a serem adotadas ao longo da execução do projeto. Os autores identificaram as partes interessadas no projeto e elaboraram uma proposta de plano de comunicação formal, sob forma de uma matriz de comunicação, relacionando os mecanismos de comunicação mais apropriados para cada parte interessada no PROFISCO/RN. Por fim, os autores relataram a importância do estudo, ao explicitar formalmente o plano de comunicação, inclusive quanto a identificação do nível de influência de cada ator desse projeto.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i3.80
Connecting Research to Teaching: Classroom Collaboration: Moving beyond Helping
Authors: Webel Corey
Published: January 2013

Do you use group work in your mathematics class? What does it look like? What do you expect your students to do when they work together? Have you ever wondered what your students think they are supposed to do?
Effects of developmental history on the behavioural responses of European starlings(Sturnus vulgaris)to laboratory husbandry
Authors: Jayne K , Feenders G , Bateson M
Published: January 2013

This study examined the impact of rearing environment on the behavioural responses of wild European starlings(Sturnus vulgaris)to standard laboratory husbandry procedures. We compared birds that had been caught from the wild as independent juveniles with birds taken from the nest and hand-reared in the laboratory from approximately ten days post-hatch. Although hand-rearing can increase habituation to humans and hence reduce fearfulness in laboratory birds, in other species maternal deprivation is also associated with increased stress-sensitivity in later life. Thus, the welfare benefits of hand-rearing are unclear. We investigated the interaction between rearing environment (12 hand-reared versus 12 wild-caught birds) and current laboratory housing conditions (enriched versus non-enriched cages and top-level cages versus bottom-level cages) on measures of behaviour before, during and after husbandry. Both wild-caught and hand-reared birds reacted to focal husbandry by moving to the periphery of their cages, indicative of high escape motivation during a stressful procedure. Wild-caught birds were overall less active than hand-reared birds. We found no difference in the response of the wild-caught and hand-reared birds to focal husbandry, but hand-reared birds were faster to resume normal behaviour following husbandry than wild-caught birds when housed in the top cages. We interpret our results as showing evidence for chronic depressive apathy (lower overall activity) coupled with greater fear (longer latencies to resume normal behaviour following husbandry) in the wild-caught birds in some environments. Our data support the conclusion that hand-rearing is associated with some welfare benefits for birds involved in laboratory research.
Responsible whale watching and whale welfare
Authors: Iñíguez MA
Published: January 2013

Whale watching is defined as tours by air, sea or land to view any of the 86 reported species of whales, dolphins and porpoises in their natural habitat where a commercial aspect exists (IFAW 1999). Whale-watching platforms include small boats, sailboats, cruise ships, inflatables, kayaks, helicopters and airplanes, and the activity can also include observation from land-based sites and approaches made by swimmers. In addition to being non-disruptive to the cetacean population, ‘responsible whale watching’ has many potential educational, environmental, scientific and socioeconomic benefits for human communities (Hoyt & Iñíguez 2008). As a result, tourism of this kind can have a positive effect on nature through the promotion of a general interest and awareness in cetaceans, sustainable economic growth for local economies (which are often otherwise struggling), therefore providing multiple benefits, including improved motivation to preserve marine wildlife.
MODELIRANJE VOLATILNOSTI TRŽIŠNIH INDEKSA AKCIJA BEOGRADSKE BERZE: BELEX15 I BELEXLINE
Authors: Mirjanić Borjana B. , Branković Nenad B.
Published: January 2013

Za ocenu rizika portfolija finansijskih instrumenata, pojedinačnih hartija od vrednosti ili valuta koristi se predviđanje drugih momenata u vremenskim serijama. Brojne empirijske studije pokazale su heteroskedastičnost finansijskih vremenskih serija. Stoga su u pokušaju da se prevaziđu manjkavosti standardne devijacije kao mere rizika, razvijeni su GARCH modeli, kao alatka prilikom upravljanja rizicima, koji efekte heteroskedastičnosti uzimaju u obzir. U radu je izvršeno ispitivanje ponašanja prinosa berzanskih indeksa na novonastajućem tržištu kapitala i predstavljeni rezultati empirijske analize volatilnosti srpskog tržišta kapitala, odnosno Beogradske berze. U radu je sprovedena komparativnu analiza GARCH (1,1) i E-GARCH (1,1)-GED modela na dnevnim prinosima Belex15 i Belexline radi utvrđivanja njihovih implikacija prilikom predviđanja volatilnosti u uslovima postojanja asimetričnih šokova u volatilnosti i empirijskih distribucija koje odstupaju od normalnog Gaussovog rasporeda karakterističnim za novonastajuća tržišta kapitala.
E-Cigarette Use and Lung Cancer Screening Uptake
Authors: Wang Qian , Jiang Changchuan , Hsu Melinda L. , Wisnivesky Juan , Dowlati Afshin , Boffetta Paolo , Kong Chung Yin
Published: July 2024

This cross-sectional study examines e-cigarette use and lung cancer screening uptake among individuals in the US.
Dosimetric impact of the respiratory motion of the liver dome in stereotactic body radiotherapy for spine metastasis: A planning study
Authors: Okamoto Hiroyuki , Nonaka Midori , Chiba Takahito , Kaneda Tomoya , Kobayashi Yuta , Nakamura Satoshi , Nakayama Hiroki , Iijima Kotaro , Shuto Yasunori , Yonemura Miki , Oshika Riki , Kishida Hironori , Urago Yuka , Nishitani Masato , Nishina Shuka , Sakamoto Takumi , Shibata Yoshihiro , Goka Tomonori , Igaki Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to clarify the dosimetric impact of the respiratory motion of the liver on stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for spine metastasis and examine the utility of introducing beam avoidance (beam‐off at specific gantry angles).

Methods

A total of 112 consecutive patients who underwent SBRT for spine metastasis between 2018 and 2024 were examined. Overall, 15 patients who had lesions near the liver dome were included in this study. Retrospective treatment plans were generated using computed tomography (CT) images acquired during inhalation and exhalation to evaluate the dosimetric impact of respiratory motion of the liver. The dose difference (DD) and relative value (DD%) were evaluated using the dose‐volume histogram (DVH) metrics, planning target volume Dmax, D95%, spinal cord D0.035 cc, and esophagus D2.5 cc. The magnitude of the liver movements was evaluated based on differences of liver size Lave at the isocentric axial plane between the inspiratory and expiratory CT images.

Results

The DD in almost all DVH metrics tended to increase when the liver moved away from the target during inhalation: For example, Mean a standard deviation (SD) DD in PTV D95% for the treatment plan incorporating beam avoidance and those without beam avoidance was 0.5 0.3 and 0.9 0.6 Gy, respectively. The spinal cord D0.035 cc for those shows 0.4 0.2 and 0.7 0.7 Gy, respectively. The treatment plans without beam avoidance also showed moderate or strong correlations between Lave and DD for almost all DVH metrics. No correlation was seen in the beam avoidance plan. The spinal cord D0.035 cc revealed approximately 1 Gy or +4% in DD when Lave was < −4 cm.

Conclusions

Respiratory motion of the liver dome can cause substantial dosimetric discrepancies in the dose delivered to the spinal cord, although the extent depends on patient variables. Dose assessment should be performed for determining the appropriate means of respiratory management, such as breath‐hold. Alternatively, beam avoidance effectively mitigates the impact.
Duration of Postvaccination Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 and Medication Effects: Results from the Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID‐19 Vaccination in Systemic Immune‐Mediated Inflammatory Diseases Cohort Study
Authors: Habib Rami , Dayam Roya M. , Hitchon Carol , Chandran Vinod , Fortin Paul R. , Boire Gilles , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Gingras Anne‐Claude , Flamand Louis , Larché Maggie J. , Colmegna Ines , Lukusa Luck , Lee Jennifer L. F. , Pereira Daniel , Bernstein Charles N. , Lalonde Nadine , Turnbull Elizabeth , Bernatsky Sasha ,   SUCCEED investigative team
Published: July 2024

Objective

In the face of the ongoing circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2, the durability of neutralization post–COVID‐19 vaccination in immune‐mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) is a key issue, as are the effects of medications.

Methods

Adults (n = 112) with inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthritis, and systemic lupus were recruited from participating Canadian medical centers from 2021 to 2023. We focused on log‐transformed neutralization (lentivirus methods) as a continuous outcome, with separate models for wild‐type and Omicron strains BA.1 and BA.5.

Results

Compared with 30 to 120 days postvaccination, subsequent periods were associated with greater neutralization in unadjusted models for wild‐type, BA.1, and BA.5 strains and against the BA.1 strain in adjusted models. Rituximab was associated with lower neutralization for the BA.1 strain in adjusted models, with a similar trend for BA.5. In methotrexate users, there were trends for less neutralization of BA.1 and BA.5 in all unadjusted models, whereas in adjusted models, there was significantly lower neutralization only for the wild type. Three or more doses and Omicron‐specific vaccines were both independently associated with better neutralization ability for all three strains. A COVID‐19 infection within six months before sampling was associated with higher neutralization of wild type and BA.1 in adjusted analyses. Anti–tumor necrosis factor agents were associated with lower neutralization ability for BA.5 in adjusted analyses.

Conclusion

Neutralization responses in immunosuppressed individuals with IMID were durable over time and were augmented by more than three doses and Omicron‐specific vaccines. Less neutralization was seen with certain medications. Our work clarifies the joint effects of vaccine history, infection, and medications on COVID‐19 immunity.
Co‐Deformation in Severely Deformed Multiphase Crystalline Metallic Systems: Physical Mechanisms, Intrinsic Limitations, and Perspectives
Authors: Sauvage Xavier
Published: July 2024

The deformation of multiphase metallic alloys or metal matrix composites by forming processes such as rolling or drawing requires the co‐deformation of phases. Severe plastic deformation processes have extended possibilities with the ability to produce unique nanoscaled structures through the formation of strain‐induced super‐saturated solid solutions, the fragmentation of second‐phase particles, or ultimate co‐deformation down to the nanoscale. Based on various examples, the fundamental mechanisms of co‐deformation are addressed. Parameters that promote the extension of existing heterophase boundaries are discussed, and some possible atomic‐scale mechanisms involving dislocation activities based on geometrical and energetic considerations are proposed. Finally, the physical limits of co‐deformation are considered before suggesting research directions that might be followed to develop fundamental knowledge and applications in the field.
Site‐Selective MoS2‐Based Sensor for Detection and Discrimination of Triethylamine from Volatile Amines Using Kinetic Analysis and Machine Learning
Authors: Gaur Snehraj , Singh Sukhwinder , Deb Jyotirmoy , Bhutani Vansh , Mondal Rajkumar , Pareek Vishakha , Gupta Ritu
Published: July 2024

Detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is important to provide a more realistic assessment of their potential implication in complex environments and medical diagnostics based on volatile biomarkers. Herein, chemiresistive sensors are fabricated using stacked MoS2 nanoflakes with defects and exposed‐edge sites. The sensor is found to be extremely selective to triethylamine (TEA) over polar, non‐polar VOCs and atmospheric gases. The sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 1.72% ppm−1, fast response/recovery (19 s/39 s) to 100 ppm TEA at room temperature, low limit of detection (64 ppb), device reproducibility, humidity tolerance (RH 90%) and stability tested up to 60 days. The kinetic analysis of sensing curves reveals two discrete adsorption sites corresponding to edge and basal sites of interaction, with a higher rate constant of association and dissociation for TEA. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies support higher adsorption energy of TEA on MoS2 surface with respect to other volatile amines. The sensor demonstrates TEA recognition and composition estimation capability in a binary mixture of a similar class of VOCs using Machine Learning driven analysis with 95% accuracy. The ability to discriminate amines in binary mixture of other volatile amines paves the way for the advancement of next‐generation devices in the field of disease diagnosis.
A Facile In Situ Sulfurization Strategy for Heterostructured SnS2@Graphene Scrolls Anode with Enhanced Initial Coulombic Efficiency for High‐Energy Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhu Chengyu , Mao Jianjiang , Zhao Jinyang , Luo Yuhong , Li Jingde , Lei Cheng , Li Gang , Cheng Fei
Published: July 2024

The initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) for anode materials is usually one of important parameters for the energy density improvement of batteries. However, due to the lack of effective regulatory methods, the excellent ICE is usually difficult to achieve for SnS2 systems based on alloying/conversion mechanisms in Li‐storage process. Herein, a heterostructure constructed from SnS2 nanoflakes in situ anchored on graphene scroll (SnS2@GS) is engineered and fabricated involving a facile in situ sulfurization strategy. The SnS2@GS anode benefiting from 1D open and organized ion diffusion pathways, along with rapid charge transfer in the heterogeneous interfaces, achieves improved reversibility and kinetics. This material exhibits a remarkable specific capacity coupled with a high ICE (≈88%) while yielding robust rate properties. These exceptional lithium storage properties derive from improved conductivity and reduced energy barriers for Li‐ion migration in the heterostructures, as indicated by the density functional theory calculations. Besides, the full‐cell (LiFePO4//SnS2@GS) and the lithium‐ion capacitor based on SnS2@GS anode are assembled and deliver superior energy densities of 330 and 349 W h kg−1, respectively. This proposed approach is also popularized for the fabrication about other metal sulfide wrapped in graphene scroll to construct the anodes with remarkable properties.
Light‐Regulated Capillary Force Self‐Assembly of Nano‐Printed Pillars for Chiroptical Metamaterials
Authors: Wu Sizhu , Li Xinkai , Liu Xin , Hu Haijian , Dong Rui , Ni Jincheng , Pan Deng , Hu Yanlei , Zhang Chenchu , Chen Chao , Zhang Yachao , Xia Haojie , Wu Dong , Lao Zhaoxin
Published: July 2024

Capillary force self‐assembly (CFSA) technology unfolds great potential in the fabrication of functional micro/nanostructures. To date, most self‐assembly methods focus on monolithic microstructure manipulation yet it remains a challenge to achieve precise localized control over the CFSA process of micro/nanostructures. Herein, a light‐regulated CFSA is proposed to realize the localized precise control of microstructures, leveraging on the synergistic effect of photothermally‐responsive hydrogel and self‐assembly technique. The micropillars with asymmetric cross‐linking densities can readily prepare by applying a rationally designed laser and laser‐exposing dosage, thereby realizing the on‐demand steering of their bending directions. Significantly, owing to the giant capillary force deriving from the evaporating water, above micropillars can successfully assemble into highly‐ordered chiral structures. Simulation coupling with fundamental hydrodynamics enables to shed light on the light steering principle over pillar's actuations. Last, on the basis of vortical dichroism spectra analysis, the chiral characteristics of light‐regulated self‐assembly including the chiral as well as the achiral self‐assembled microstructures are successfully deployed. This strategy provides an avenue for fabricating the localized controllable self‐assembly at the microscale and will bloom the field over metamaterials, microsensors, chiral optics, and so on.
Efficient In Situ Doping of Strained Germanium Tin Epilayers at Unusually Low Temperature
Authors: Myronov Maksym , Jahandar Pedram , Rossi Simone , Sewell Kevin , Murphy‐Armando Felipe , Pezzoli Fabio
Published: July 2024

Efficient p‐ and n‐type in situ doping of compressively strained germanium tin (Ge1‐xSnx) semiconductor epilayers, grown by chemical vapor deposition on a standard Si(001) substrate, is demonstrated. Materials characterization results reveal unusual impact of dopants manifesting via a pronounced reduction of Sn content in the epilayer, accompanied by an enhancement of the growth rate, due to increasing p‐type doping concentration. Furthermore, the opposite behavior for n‐type doping is observed, resulting in a less pronounced increase of Sn concentration and no effect on growth rate. Nevertheless, a very high density of electrically active holes up to ≈4 × 1020 cm−3 is obtained in p‐type doped Ge1‐xSnx epilayer resulting in the lowest resistivity of 0.15 mΩ cm among all in situ doped epitaxial and strained group‐IV semiconductors. Also, the metal‐to‐insulator transition in Ge1‐xSnx is experimentally demonstrated for doping levels above 1 × 1017 cm−3, which is substantially lower than in any group‐IV semiconductor, and theoretically predict it to be as low as ≈1 × 1017 cm−3. The findings enabled by the doping regime explored in this work can open novel prospects to engineer low resistivity contacts and charge current injection in applications covering next‐generation transistors, qubits, diodes, electrically driven light sources, sensors and hybrid quantum devices.
Realizing over 18% Efficiency for M‐Series Acceptor‐Based Polymer Solar Cells by Improving Light Utilization
Authors: Xiong Xiaoying , Wan Shuo , Hu Bin , Li Yi , Ma Yunlong , Lu Guanghao , Fu Huiting , Zheng Qingdong
Published: July 2024

M‐series molecules are one kind of promising acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A)‐type acceptors for constructing high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are lagging behind that of current state‐of‐the‐art OSCs, limited by the relatively low fill factor (FF) and photocurrent. Herein, combined strategies of layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition and interface engineering are conducted to systematically improve light utilization and thus PCEs for M36‐based OSCs. Through choosing a proper processing solvent, a PCE of 17.3% with an FF of 77.9% is achieved for the resulting LBL devices, much higher than those (15.9%/74.0%) from the blend‐casting devices. The improvement is assigned to the favorable morphological evolution that facilitates carrier generation and transport as well as reduces charge recombination. More importantly, light‐harvesting of the active layers can be enhanced upon employing a self‐assembled monolayer of (2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (2PACz) instead of the widely used PEDOT:PSS as the hole‐selecting layer, due to the decreased parasitic absorption of the former. Consequently, 2PACz‐based LBL devices exhibit significantly increased photocurrent, affording a PCE up to 18.2%, which is the highest among the reported A‐D‐A‐type acceptor‐based OSCs. These results deliver important strategies to enhance the performance of OSCs and thus highlight the great potential of M‐series acceptors for practical applications.
“You're on your own, kid”: A critical analysis of Australian universities' international student mental health strategies
Authors: Peterie Michelle , Ramia Gaby , Broom Alex , Choi Isabella , Brett Matthew , Williams Veazey Leah
Published: July 2024

Mental ill‐health is a serious and growing problem among university students in Australia. Within this cohort, international students are particularly vulnerable. International students in Australia have fewer social rights than domestic students and are at elevated risk of social isolation, exploitation in employment, precarious housing, financial insecurity, and racism and discrimination. When mental health challenges arise, international students are also less likely than their domestic counterparts to access support services. Against the backdrop of this escalating problem, this article presents a critical analysis of Australian universities' policy approaches to international student mental health. We ask: (a) How many universities have such policies publicly available, and (b) how do these policies understand and seek to address the problem of international student distress? Drawing on a documentary analysis of publicly available university mental health strategies, we find that—in the comparatively rare cases where such documents exist—international students' mental ill‐health is generally framed in these documents as an individual concern, placing the onus on individual students to develop “resilience” and/or seek out help. Leveraging theoretical insights concerning the collective production of (mental) health and illness, we caution that this individualisation of student distress naturalises and depoliticises the logics of financial exploitation and neglect that contribute to many international students' mental health problems to begin with.
Addressing employment barriers for humanitarian migrants: Perspectives from settlement services
Authors: Renzaho Andre M. N. , Woodward Kerry , Polonsky Michael , Abood Julianne , Green Julie
Published: July 2024

This research seeks to understand the challenges faced by settlement service providers (SSPs) in assisting humanitarian migrants to secure appropriate employment. In‐depth interviews with 26 SSPs identified that current impediments to facilitating humanitarian migrants' employment related to employment support programmes; settlement service partnerships; cultural appropriateness of services; employment readiness, experience, skills and knowledge; social support and networks; and limitations of funding and service agreements. While employment is recognised as key to effective settlement, the findings of this study show that employment services are not currently a focus of settlement services, that is, most employment services delivered by settlement services were coordinated as part of job preparedness or readiness programmes. The paper argues for government to ensure financial and human resources to enable SSPs to deliver services that can formally recognise and overcome barriers to humanitarian migrants' employment.
Structural Fine‐Tuning to Achieve Highly Fluorescent Organic and Water‐Soluble Thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole Chromophores
Authors: Thorat Akshay , Behera Satyabrata , Boopathi A. A. , Kulkarni Chidambar
Published: July 2024

Fluorescent molecular systems are important for various applications such as sensing of analytes, probes for biologically relevant processes and as optoelectronic materials. Achieving high fluorescence quantum yield across the spectrum of solvent polarity and in solid‐state is challenging in molecular materials. Herein, we present a strategy to achieve strongly fluorescent molecular materials based on weak intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) in a family of unsymmetrical donor‐thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole‐acceptor systems (both neutral and cationic). Detailed photophysical studies reveal that the delicate balance between the donor and acceptor result in high solution‐state fluorescence quantum yield (>80 %) in both polar protic and apolar solvents. Quantum chemical computations uncover a hitherto unappreciated insight that the extent of ICT is aptly represented by the change in Mulliken charges between the ground and excited state for different fragments rather than the classical approach of monitoring the change in dipole moment for the entire molecule. This insight rationalizes the observed photophysical properties and can have implications in the design of tuneable donor‐π‐acceptor systems.
Spatioselective Occlusion of Copolymer Nanoparticles within Calcite Crystals Generates Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Materials with Controlled Internal Structures
Authors: Chen Wenting , Liu Pei , Sun Xia , Xiong Biao , Cui Huahua , Zhao Zhenghong , Ning Yin
Published: July 2024

Efficient occlusion of particulate additives into a single crystal has garnered an ever‐increasing attention in materials science because it offers a counter‐intuitive yet powerful platform to make crystalline nanocomposite materials with emerging properties. However, precisely controlling the spatial distribution of the guest additives within a host crystal remains highly challenging. We herein demonstrate a unique, straightforward method to engineer the spatial distribution of copolymer nanoparticles within calcite (CaCO3) single crystals by judiciously adjusting initial [Ca2+] concentration used for the calcite precipitation. More specifically, polymerization‐induced self‐assembly is employed to synthesize well‐defined and highly anionic poly(3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium)41‐block‐poly(benzyl methacrylate)500 [PSPMA41‐PBzMA500] diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which are subsequently used as model additives during the growth of calcite crystals. Impressively, such guest nanoparticles are preferentially occluded into specific regions of calcite depending on the initial [Ca2+] concentration. These unprecedented phenomena are most probably caused by dynamic change in electrostatic interaction between Ca2+ ions and PSPMA41 chains based on systematic investigations. This study not only showcases a significant advancement in controlling the spatial distribution of guest nanoparticles within host crystals, enabling the internal structure of composite crystals to be rationally tailored via a spatioselective occlusion strategy, but also provides new insights into biomineralization.
A General Photoactive H‐Bonding EDA Complex Model Drives the Selective Hydrothiolation and Hydroxysulfenylation of Carbonyl Activated Alkenes
Authors: Yan Tingtao , Yang Jianjing , Yan Kelu , Wang Zhonglei , Li Bingwen , Wen Jiangwei
Published: July 2024

Excitation of photoactive electron donor−acceptor (EDA) complexes to generate radical is a promising approach in radical chemistry. In this study, we introduce a new model of H‐bonding EDA complexes for the selective hydrothiolation and hydroxysulfenylation of carbonyl‐activated alkenes with diverse thiols under visible light conditions. The reliability of this H‐bonding EDA complex model has been confirmed by meticulous experimental and theoretical calculations. Mechanistic investigations have revealed the significant influence of the solvent in determining whether the excitation of photoactive H‐bonding EDA complex leads to charge transfer (CT) or energy‐charge transfer (En‐CT), thereby controlling Markovnikov and anti‐Markovnikov selectivity. Notably, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) analysis clearly shows that the excited state of the C=O−H−S EDA complex involves closed‐shell partially covalent interactions.
Variation of Chemical Microenvironment of Pores in Hydrazone‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photosynthesis of H2O2
Authors: Xie Zhipeng , Chen Xiong , Wang Wenbin , Ke Xiating , Zhang Xirui , Wang Sibo , Wu Xiaofeng , Yu Jimmy C. , Wang Xinchen
Published: July 2024

Photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 is an advantageous and ecologically sustainable alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process. However, achieving high conversion efficiency without sacrificial agents remains a challenge. In this study, two covalent organic frameworks (COF−O and COF−C) were prepared with identical skeletal structures but with their pore walls anchored to different alkyl chains. They were used to investigate the effect of the chemical microenvironment of pores on photocatalytic H2O2 production. Experimental results reveal a change of hydrophilicity in COF−O, leading to suppressed charge recombination, diminished charge transfer resistance, and accelerated interfacial electron transfer. An apparent quantum yield as high as 10.3 % (λ=420 nm) can be achieved with H2O and O2 through oxygen reduction reaction. This is among the highest ever reported for polymer photocatalysts. This study may provide a novel avenue for optimizing photocatalytic activity and selectivity in H2O2 generation.
Understanding whether, how and when circular supply chain management influences firm performance
Authors: Alghababsheh Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Integrating circular economy (CE) principles into supply chain management (SCM) plays a key role in accelerating the transition to CE and realising its sustainability potential. This integration has recently attracted increased attention and emerged formally as circular SCM (CSCM). As with other business practices, economic feasibility is a major deciding factor with regard to CSCM adoption. Therefore, understanding whether, how and when firms can benefit from CSCM is of paramount importance for theory, practice and policy. However, the relationship between CSCM and firm performance and the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that could explain this relationship have received limited empirical attention. Drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives, this study examines the mediating role of employees' organisational identification in the relationship between CSCM and firm's operational performance and the moderating effect of employees' pro‐environmental attitude on this role. To achieve this, a multi‐respondent cross‐sectional research design was used in which data from managers and employees of 163 Jordan‐based manufacturing firms was obtained using two separately administrated surveys. The results reveal that CSCM has a positive impact on firm's operational performance. CSCM was also found to indirectly improve firm's operational performance through enhancing employees' organisational identification. Further, the results indicated that, unexpectedly, employees' pro‐environmental attitude does not amplify the positive relationship between CSCM and their organisational identification, or indeed the mediating effect of employees' organisational identification in the nexus between CSCM and firm's operational performance. These results have important implications for advancing the theory and practice of the CE.
Rapid total sialic acid monitoring during cell culture process using a machine learning model based soft sensor
Authors: Behdani Amir M. , Zhao Yuxiang , Yao Grace , Wasalathanthri Dhanuka , Hodgman Eric , Borys Michael , Li Gloria , Khetan Anurag , Wijesinghe Dayanjan , Leone Anthony
Published: July 2024

Total sialic acid content (TSA) in biotherapeutic proteins is often a critical quality attribute as it impacts the drug efficacy. Traditional wet chemical assays to quantify TSA in biotherapeutic proteins during cell culture typically takes several hours or longer due to the complexity of the assay which involves isolation of sialic acid from the protein of interest, followed by sample preparation and chromatographic based separation for analysis. Here, we developed a machine learning model‐based technology to rapidly predict TSA during cell culture by using typically measured process parameters. The technology features a user interface, where the users only have to upload cell culture process parameters as input variables and TSA values are instantly displayed on a dashboard platform based on the model predictions. In this study, multiple machine learning algorithms were assessed on our dataset, with the Random Forest model being identified as the most promising model. Feature importance analysis from the Random Forest model revealed that attributes like viable cell density (VCD), glutamate, ammonium, phosphate, and basal medium type are critical for predictions. Notably, while the model demonstrated strong predictability by Day 14 of observation, challenges remain in forecasting TSA values at the edges of the calibration range. This research not only emphasizes the transformative power of machine learning and soft sensors in bioprocessing but also introduces a rapid and efficient tool for sialic acid prediction, signaling significant advancements in bioprocessing. Future endeavors may focus on data augmentation to further enhance model precision and exploration of process control capabilities.
Recent Developments in 1,2,3‐Triazole Based α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors: Design Strategies, Structure‐Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Singh Atamjit , Singh Karanvir , Sharma Aman , Kaur Uttam , Kaur Kamaljit , Mohinder Singh Bedi Preet
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and most prevalent metabolic disorder affecting 422 million the people worldwide and causing life‐threatening associated conditions including disorders of kidney, heart, and nervous system as well as leg amputation and retinopathy. Steadily rising cases from the last few decades suggest the failure of currently available drugs in containment of this disease. α‐Glucosidase is a potential target for effectively tackling this disease and attracting significant interest from medicinal chemists around the globe. Besides having a set of side effects, currently available α‐glucosidase inhibitors (carbohydrate mimics) offer better tolerability, safety, and synergistic pharmacological outcomes with other antidiabetic drugs therefore medicinal chemists have working extensively over last three decades for developing alternative α‐glucosidase inhibitors. The 1,2,3‐Triazole nucleus is energetically used by various research groups around the globe for the development of α‐glucosidase inhibitors posing it as an optimum scaffold in the field of antidiabetic drug development. This review is a systematic analysis of α‐glucosidase inhibitors developed by employing 1,2,3‐triazole scaffold with special focus on design strategies, structure‐activity relationships, and mechanism of inhibitory effect. This article will act as lantern for medicinal chemists in developing of potent, safer, and effective α‐glucosidase inhibitors with desired properties and improved therapeutic efficacy.
Scheduling irrigation events in corn using three soil water potential strategies
Authors: Sorensen Ronald B. , Bucior Erika R. , Lamb Marshall C.
Published: July 2024

Scheduling irrigation events is important for high corn (Zea mays L.) yield, water use efficiency, economic returns, and water conservation. The use of shallow subsurface drip irrigation (S3DI) is cost effective for small irregular shaped field areas. Currently there are no irrigation scheduling recommendations for S3DI systems for corn production. The objective was to evaluate three water potential value strategies for scheduling irrigation events and the effect on corn yield, test weight, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and value water use efficiency (VWUE). Corn was grown multiple years (2012–2013; 2019–2023) at two locations (Dawson and Shellman, GA) using soil water potential sensors to schedule irrigation events. Sensors were installed at 10 and 20 inches (25 and 50 cm) soil depth. Irrigation events were scheduled when the average water potential was between 40 to 60 cbar (I1), 60 to 80 cbar (I2), 80 to 100 cbar (I3), and compared to a dryland control (I0). There was no difference in corn yield, IWUE, or VWUE between irrigation treatments, but all irrigation treatments had greater yield than I0, except in high rainfall years. At the Shellman location, total water applied for I3 was 46% less than for I1. At Dawson, I2 applied 17% more water than either I1 or I3. Across both sites, I1 and I2 applied 1.5 and 1.3 times more water than I3, respectively. Therefore, irrigation events scheduled at 80 to 100 cbar can be a viable technique for irrigating corn using S3DI without yield reductions while promoting water conservation.
Photochemical Initiation and Reactions of Thiyl Radicals Studied with SH2’ Radical Traps
Authors: Williams Peter J. H. , Ho Hon Eong , Unsworth William P. , Rickard Andrew R. , Chechik Victor
Published: July 2024

A radical trapping method based on an SH2’ homolytic substitution reaction was applied to study the mechanism of a photochemical spirocyclisation of indole‐ynones in the presence of thiols. Starting material, products and a range of trapped radical intermediates were simultaneously detected in reaction mixtures by mass spectrometry (MS). The trapped intermediates included both initiating and main chain propagating radicals. These data made it possible to propose a self‐initiation mechanism consistent with the originally postulated photoexcitation of an intramolecular electron donor‐acceptor complex of the substrate. The effect of thiol structure on the MS peak intensity of the reaction components was rationalised in terms of the relative stability of the radical intermediates. The results were compared to a simpler related reaction, a photochemical thiol‐ene addition where reagents, products and trapped intermediate radicals were also detected by MS. Relative MS peak intensities were again explained by a combination of electronic and steric effects on the stability of intermediate radicals. Overall, SH2’ radical trapping was demonstrated to be a powerful experimental technique for providing mechanistic evidence on photochemical and other organic radical reactions.
Integrating optical security management with optical‐layer controller architecture for enhanced network security
Authors: Babbar Himanshi , Rani Shalli
Published: July 2024

To guarantee the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of data transferred over optical channels—especially in the context of fifth‐generation (5G) communication infrastructure—optical network security management is essential. This paper provides an overview of security management for optical networks, emphasizing the importance of this practice in today's communication infrastructure and the difficulties presented by ever changing cyberthreats. The architecture of optical security management is shown, with special attention to how well it integrates with current optical‐layer controllers and how it facilitates the coordination of security operations among optical networks. The study also looks at use cases for optical network security management in 5G networks, such as safe data transfer, defense against cyberattacks, maintaining privacy in 5G apps, network slicing security, and resistance to physical assaults. Such instances highlight the adaptability and significance of optical network security management in bolstering 5G networks' security, privacy, and resilience across a range of businesses and applications.
Evaluation of a training package to teach pairing procedures
Authors: Fanning Tacoaman Gloria Leyla , Rosales Rocio , Shvarts Samuel
Published: July 2024

Pairing is a commonly recommended practice used to build rapport and create positive therapeutic environments. However, there are limited evaluations of training procedures to teach pairing skills to direct‐care staff. The purpose of the present study was to formalize and improve the efficiency of the training process for the initial stages of pairing using video modeling with embedded voice‐over instructions plus performance feedback. Participants included three dyads of behavior technicians and children with autism. The results indicated that the training package increased the consistency of pairing implementation. These outcomes were maintained in a novel setting and for up to 4 weeks following training. We also measured relevant child behaviors such as joint attention, engagement, indices of happiness, and calm. Specific areas for future research are described.
Is micronucleus assay a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage induced by chemical, physical, and biological agents in vivo? A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Pinto Thiago Guedes , Takeshita Wilton Mitsunari , Renno Ana Claudia Muniz , Cury Patricia Ramos , dos Santos Jean Junes , Ribeiro Daniel Araki
Published: July 2024

The present systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate manuscripts in order to help further elucidate the following question: is the micronucleus assay (MA) also a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage in vivo? A search was performed through the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, all studies published up to December 2023. The comparisons were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were established. Full manuscripts from 34 studies were carefully selected and reviewed in this setting. Our results demonstrate that the MA may be a useful biomarker of gingival tissue damage in vivo, and this tissue could be a useful alternative to the buccal mucosa. The meta‐analysis analyzing the different sites regardless of the deleterious factor studied, the buccal mucosa (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI, − 0.49 to 1.88, p = 0.25) and gingiva (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI, − 0.11 to 0.72, p = 0.15), showed similar results and different outcome for the tongue (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.91, p = 0.001). In summary, our conclusion suggests that the MA can be a useful marker for detecting DNA damage in gingiva in vivo and that this tissue could be effective site for smearing.
Ankle ligament reconstruction‐return to sport after injury scale and return to sports after ankle ligament reconstruction or repair—A systematic review
Authors: Wang YuChia , Hinz Maximilian , Buchalter Wyatt H. , Drumm Amelia H. , Eren Emre , Thomas Haytmanek C. , Backus Jonathon D.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To systematically review existing literature regarding the ankle ligament reconstruction‐return to sport after injury (ALR‐RSI) scale and to assess its correlation with Return to sport and functional outcomes as well as feasibility, reliability and consistency.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. Studies that evaluated psychological readiness to return to sport after ankle ligament reconstruction or repair for the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability using the ALR‐RSI scale were included. The results from each study were pooled, and weighted means and overall rates were calculated.

Results

In total, 157 patients (53.2% male, mean age: 34.2 years) from three articles were included. Overall, 85.0% of patients reported successful return to sport, but only 48.9% of patients returned to the preoperative sporting level. All studies reported a significant difference in psychological scores between patients who returned to sport and those who did not. Pooled mean patient‐reported outcome measures, reported as the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle‐Hindfoot (AOFAS, three studies) Score and Karlsson‐Peterson Score (three studies), were 82.7 (range: 29–100) and 81.7 (range: 25–100), respectively. The ALR‐RSI scale demonstrated strong correlations with the AOFAS Score and Karlsson‐Peterson Score.

Conclusion

Patients who returned to sport after ankle ligament reconstruction or repair exhibited higher psychological readiness compared to those who did not. The ALR‐RSI scale showed strong correlations with ankle function. Evaluation of psychological readiness using the ALR‐RSI scale may provide an additional tool in the assessment of patients who underwent ankle ligament reconstruction or repair.

Level of Evidence

Level III, systematic review.