bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological development on the positive psychology of autistic students
Authors: Hao Xiaofan
Published: October 2023

Background

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social interaction and verbal communication deficits. Students with autism face various psychological difficulties in the college environment, such as social difficulties, emotional fluctuations, and limited cognitive function. This study aims to help autistic students develop their psychology and improve their quality of life.

Subjects and Methods

This study tried to carry out psychological extension training in college sports, and 50 students with autism were set as research objects. Half of the students received psychological extension training in the physical education course, and the other half received traditional behavioral intervention therapy in the physical education course. Both groups of students received one semester of therapeutic training. Results SPSS23.0 software was used for psychological data correlation statistics, P>0.5 indicated strong correlation and P<0.5 indicated medium weak correlation.

Results

The experimental results showed that after one semester of treatment training, the number of autistic students in the experimental group was reduced to 12. The overall mental state was good, and the cultivation of positive psychology was more effective. At the same time, the average test score was higher. However, the number of students with autism in the control group remained high at about 20, and the P-value was still greater than 0.5.

Conclusions

The psychological development training proposed in this study can provide theoretical and practical guidance for cultivating autistic students’ positive psychology to improve their overall mental health level.
Helicopter Rotors
Authors: McClements A
Published: October 2023

Ladies and Gentlemen,

It is with pleasure that I introduce to you today MR MCCLEMENTS, who is going to talk to us on the subject of “Helicopter Rotors”

MR McCLEMENTS is a relatively newcomer to the rotary wing industry and only claims a modest two years or so of direct connection, first with the Ministry of Supply and now as experimental engineer to the Helicopter Development Unit of British European Airways Corporation Apart from this, it is quite obvious that he has given a great deal of thought and work to the subject of his lecture

Speaking from personal experience, I can assure you that he was invaluable to all those in the industry during his time at the Ministry of Supply and will, I am sure, be equally so in his present appointment

On behalf of the Association, may I welcome our guests and trust you will be well rewarded for coming along
The Operational Point of View
Authors: Brie R A C
Published: October 2023

Although barely two years have elapsed since the helicopter was first certificated for civil use, the problem associated with its operation are sufficiently well defined to enable their nature to be discussed with reasonable facility Actually, of course, there are twenty-six years, including many tens of thousands of flying hours behind this particular development, and it is quite logical therefore that the most advanced and successful type of helicopter to date embodies the basic and well proven rotor features of the Cierva Autogiro

There is still much to learn, however, and at this stage of development it has in many ways been advantageous that, so far, the field of operational use has been a professional one Difficulties have been minor rather than of a major category, but circumstances could easily have been otherwise had there not been constantly available the requisite background of skill and experience not only to cure, but what is of equal importance, to anticipate and prevent trouble before it could assume proportions of a serious nature Additionally the limited number of helicopters in use has encouraged and made possible a rather intimate and desirable liaison between constructor and operator, which in turn has given the aircraft a reasonable opportunity to establish itself and prove its value under strictly controlled conditions of inspection and operation
The Bristol 171 Helicopter
Authors: Hafner Raoul
Published: October 2023

The technical problems confronting the helicopter designer are very clearly enumerated in Captain LIPTROT’s paper, and Wing Commander BRIE has drawn attention to a number of considerations of importance to the operator

With some of these problems I have dealt in an earlier paper, and in order to avoid repetition I propose to leave out from this discussion points which have already been raised

Rotating-wing aircraft in forward flight are subject to vibrations for reasons which are fundamental and we must not therefore expect the elimination of these symptoms but only their reduction to generally tolerable proportions We need, therefore, more accurate methods of recording and analysing vibrations in helicopters in terms of component frequencies and amplitudes, and in addition we must have generally agreed standards for comfort, i e, limiting vibration levels as a yardstick both to makers and users of these aircraft
Helicopter Operations—Some Problems and Prospects
Authors: Rowe N E
Published: October 2023

Ladies and Gentlemen

The Paper we are about to hear this afternoon is obviously of very great importance to manufacturers and potential operators, and no less to all of us who have the interest of helicopters at heart It is quite reasonable to suppose that the more we know of the problems of operation, the more likely we are to produce the right type of helicopter for the job

It would be difficult to think of anyone better qualified to give this paper than our lecturer to-day, and we are very much honoured that so eminent a gentleman should do so MR ROWE is a Fellow and a Vice President of the Royal Aeronautical Society, has had a varied and distinguished aeronautical scientific career, and was Director General of Technical Development at the Ministry of Aircraft Production in 1945 His present appointment is that of Controller of Long Term Research and Development with British European Airways Corporation, in which capacity he is intimately concerned with the problems of helicopter operation, both present and future
Some Present and Future Aspects of Helicopter Piloting
Authors: Fay J S
Published: October 2023

Introducing Captain FAY, MR FITZWILLIAMS said it would be generally agreed, that very few people, if any, in the world were better able to discuss the subject The lecturer held the rank of Captain in British European Airways, and had served with the Helicopter Unit of the B E A since its inception in 1947, when it was based on Yeovil, and when the Chairman had had the pleasure of meeting him and his colleagues The activities of that Unit had covered a very wide range of helicopter operation, including an intensive pioneering effort in helicopter blind flying

As a Fleet Air Arm pilot he had learned to fly in 1940, and had served for two years in H M S “Victorious” Afterwards he had joined the Naval Service Trials Unit, and was converted to helicopters at the first helicopter training course in this country, at Hanworth, in 1944
Rotor Stations—The Scheduled Operator’s Viewpoint
Authors: Whitby R H
Published: October 2023

When first I heard that I was to be asked to give this Paper to the Association, one of those present asked me what I knew about Rotor Stations I had to admit that it was very little Some of the remarks I shall make in the paper will seem so obvious as to appear platitudes Others, particularly those relating to the dimensions of the landing area, are offered in the absence of a significant amount of directly applicable data and may be treated as one individual’s guess In these circumstances, the discussion which follows should be of even greater importance relative to the Paper than is normally the case in our meetings

A Rotor Station can be viewed from a number of standpoints Those of the public user, the town planning authority and the civil-engineer-architect will be dealt with by other speakers I propose to look at it from the standpoint of the scheduled operator
A Review of Helicopter Patents
Authors: Haywood L H
Published: October 2023

The CHAIRMAN, introducing the author, said Mr HAYWARD IS a member of the Helicopter Association of Great Britain He is a Bristol man, having been educated m that city, and later he served a five-year apprenticeship with the Bristol Aeroplane Company, Limited He served for some time on the technical staff of D Napier & Son, returning to The Bristol Aeroplane Company in 1945, and from there joined the Fairey Aviation Company as Patent Engineer

The title of Mr Hayward's paper is, I think, deceptive, for not only does he give a comprehensive review of the helicopter patent situation, but m addition almost a complete history of the helicopter through the ages, from Leonardo da Vinci to present day developments in the propulsion of helicopter rotors by jet motor
Early Test Flights in the Bristol 173 Helicopter
Authors: Hosegood C T D
Published: October 2023

I must depart at once from my script to thank Wing Commander BRIE for his kind introduction, and add that with such a formidable array before me my immediate reaction is to take refuge in a corner and re-write much of my little paper packing it with graphs, square roots and at least a mention of omega However, time does not permit this

As you know, this is a short paper outlining some experiences that have come my way while testing helicopters I hope I have been able to strike the right note, and that in my avoidance of “digging up” technical data and figures, the general facts are not too woolly
Recent Helicopter Flight Testing Experience
Authors: Cameron John A
Published: October 2023

I wish to signify my appreciation of the honour of being asked to address the Members of The Helicopter Association of Great Britain and their guests I would also like to thank the Chairman for his introduction, and to pay tribute to the notable work being done by the first two speakers Both are test pilots of exceptional skill and experience, and congratulations are due to them on the papers they have delivered this evening My paper deals with the development flying on a new British type of helicopter from a civil operator's point of view and, quite frankly, I find it a most difficult task, not because the subject matter is difficult, but because to date we have only flown 120 hours on this new type in 15 months The slow rate of progress was due mainly to the many teething troubles associated with prototype aircraft
Problems of Helicopter Operation peculiar to Shipboard Use
Authors: Spedding H R
Published: October 2023

This paper deals solely with the operation of helicopters from ships in the Royal Navy

Since the great majority of helicopter flying at sea has been carried out from aircraft carriers, I propose first to deal with these operations, and secondly I shall describe a series of trials carried out in 1950 to determine the feasibility of operating from a specially constructed platform on a merchant type vessel

As an introduction I should like to give a brief history of the helicopter in the Royal Navy

In 1943 a small number of pilots were sent to the United States to learn the principles of Rotary Wing flying and on their return to this country a flight was formed equipped with Sikorsky R 4 machines Its task was to carry out communication, photographic and radar calibration duties
The Independent Operator and the Helicopter
Authors: Rees Ivor Jones
Published: October 2023

The paper describes some of the overseas operations which have been conducted by AIRWORK LIMITED in the last eight years and in places ranging from South America via the Middle East to New Zealand It examines some of the problems that have to be faced by an overseas operator, and suggests the possibility of using helicopters for certain of the work which is now earned out by fixed wing aircraft It concludes that providing certain conditions as to performance and operating cost can be met there is a definite place for the helicopter in such overseas operations
Problems Associated with Small Helicopter Developement
Authors: Boris H
Published: October 2023

Introducing the Author, the Chairman said We have a very important lecture tonight before our annual dinner, this being one of the principle evenings of the year Commandant BORIS has been good enough to come to give us a Paper which I think will stimulate a good deal of discussion We can listen to him with much respect, for he is a man with enormous flying experience—some 6,000 hours total, with 400 hours in helicopters He is managing director of Hehcop-Air, which is Hiller’s representative in Europe He had a considerable number of racing successes in light aeroplanes in his early flying days, and during the last war he had a very distinguished aviation career, which is shown by the fact that he has the honour of being a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire a well as being an Officer of the Legion d’Honneur with the Croix de Guerre, the Resistance Medal and many other distinctions
Nicotine pouches: a review for the dental team
Authors: M. Jackson Joshua , Weke Anthony , Holliday Richard
Published: October 2023

Nicotine pouches are tobacco-free products that are becoming increasingly popular in the UK. They are held between the user's lip and gum to provide a source of nicotine. This article describes the composition of nicotine pouches, the legality surrounding their production and sale, patterns of use and explores possible oral and general health effects of their usage.
FOXO family isoforms
Authors: Santos Bruno F. , Grenho Inês , Martel Paulo J. , Ferreira Bibiana I. , Link Wolfgang
Published: October 2023

FOXO family of proteins are transcription factors involved in many physiological and pathological processes including cellular homeostasis, stem cell maintenance, cancer, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. Genetic evidence has been accumulating to suggest a prominent role of FOXOs in lifespan regulation in animal systems from hydra, C elegans, Drosophila, and mice. Together with the observation that FOXO3 is the second most replicated gene associated with extreme human longevity suggests that pharmacological targeting of FOXO proteins can be a promising approach to treat cancer and other age-related diseases and extend life and health span. However, due to the broad range of cellular functions of the FOXO family members FOXO1, 3, 4, and 6, isoform-specific targeting of FOXOs might lead to greater benefits and cause fewer side effects. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the common and specific features of these proteins as well as their redundant and specific functions in our cells represents the basis of specific targeting strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the evolution, structure, function, and disease-relevance of each of the FOXO family members.
The α-synuclein PET tracer [18F] ACI-12589 distinguishes multiple system atrophy from other neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Smith Ruben , Capotosti Francesca , Schain Martin , Ohlsson Tomas , Vokali Efthymia , Molette Jerome , Touilloux Tanja , Hliva Valerie , Dimitrakopoulos Ioannis K. , Puschmann Andreas , Jögi Jonas , Svenningsson Per , Andréasson Mattias , Sandiego Christine , Russell David S. , Miranda-Azpiazu Patricia , Halldin Christer , Stomrud Erik , Hall Sara , Bratteby Klas , Tampio L’Estrade Elina , Luthi-Carter Ruth , Pfeifer Andrea , Kosco-Vilbois Marie , Streffer Johannes , Hansson Oskar
Published: October 2023

A positron emission tomography (PET) tracer detecting α-synuclein pathology will improve the diagnosis, and ultimately the treatment of α-synuclein-related diseases. Here we show that the PET ligand, [18F]ACI-12589, displays good in vitro affinity and specificity for pathological α-synuclein in tissues from patients with different α-synuclein-related disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Multiple-System Atrophy (MSA) using autoradiography and radiobinding techniques. In the initial clinical evaluation we include 23 participants with α-synuclein related disorders, 11 with other neurodegenerative disorders and eight controls. In vivo [18F]ACI-12589 demonstrates clear binding in the cerebellar white matter and middle cerebellar peduncles of MSA patients, regions known to be highly affected by α-synuclein pathology, but shows limited binding in PD. The binding statistically separates MSA patients from healthy controls and subjects with other neurodegenerative disorders, including other synucleinopathies. Our results indicate that α-synuclein pathology in MSA can be identified using [18F]ACI-12589 PET imaging, potentially improving the diagnostic work-up of MSA and allowing for detection of drug target engagement in vivo of novel α-synuclein targeting therapies.
Folding correctors can restore CFTR posttranslational folding landscape by allosteric domain–domain coupling
Authors: Soya Naoto , Xu Haijin , Roldan Ariel , Yang Zhengrong , Ye Haoxin , Jiang Fan , Premchandar Aiswarya , Veit Guido , Cole Susan P. C. , Kappes John , Hegedüs Tamás , Lukacs Gergely L.
Published: October 2023

The folding/misfolding and pharmacological rescue of multidomain ATP-binding cassette (ABC) C-subfamily transporters, essential for organismal health, remain incompletely understood. The ABCC transporters core consists of two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1,2) and transmembrane domains (TMD1,2). Using molecular dynamic simulations, biochemical and hydrogen deuterium exchange approaches, we show that the mutational uncoupling or stabilization of NBD1-TMD1/2 interfaces can compromise or facilitate the CFTR(ABCC7)-, MRP1(ABCC1)-, and ABCC6-transporters posttranslational coupled domain-folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Allosteric or orthosteric binding of VX-809 and/or VX-445 folding correctors to TMD1/2 can rescue kinetically trapped CFTR posttranslational folding intermediates of cystic fibrosis (CF) mutants of NBD1 or TMD1 by global rewiring inter-domain allosteric-networks. We propose that dynamic allosteric domain-domain communications not only regulate ABCC-transporters function but are indispensable to tune the folding landscape of their posttranslational intermediates. These allosteric networks can be compromised by CF-mutations, and reinstated by correctors, offering a framework for mechanistic understanding of ABCC-transporters (mis)folding.
Energy-efficient CO2/CO interconversion by homogeneous copper-based molecular catalysts
Authors: Guria Somnath , Dolui Dependu , Das Chandan , Ghorai Santanu , Vishal Vikram , Maiti Debabrata , Lahiri Goutam Kumar , Dutta Arnab
Published: October 2023

Facile conversion of CO2 to commercially viable carbon feedstocks offer a unique way to adopt a net-zero carbon scenario. Synthetic CO2-reducing catalysts have rarely exhibited energy-efficient and selective CO2 conversion. Here, the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) enzyme blueprint is imitated by a molecular copper complex coordinated by redox-active ligands. This strategy has unveiled one of the rarest examples of synthetic molecular complex-driven reversible CO2reduction/CO oxidation catalysis under regulated conditions, a hallmark of natural enzymes. The inclusion of a proton-exchanging amine groups in the periphery of the copper complex provides the leeway to modulate the biases of catalysts toward CO2 reduction and CO oxidation in organic and aqueous media. The detailed spectroelectrochemical analysis confirms the synchronous participation of copper and redox-active ligands along with the peripheral amines during this energy-efficient CO2reduction/CO oxidation. This finding can be vital in abating the carbon footprint-free in multiple industrial processes.
Coral endosymbiont growth is enhanced by metabolic interactions with bacteria
Authors: Matthews Jennifer L. , Khalil Abeeha , Siboni Nachshon , Bougoure Jeremy , Guagliardo Paul , Kuzhiumparambil Unnikrishnan , DeMaere Matthew , Le Reun Nine M. , Seymour Justin R. , Suggett David J. , Raina Jean-Baptiste
Published: October 2023

Bacteria are key contributors to microalgae resource acquisition, competitive performance, and functional diversity, but their potential metabolic interactions with coral microalgal endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) have been largely overlooked. Here, we show that altering the bacterial composition of two widespread Symbiodiniaceae species, during their free-living stage, results in a significant shift in their cellular metabolism. Indeed, the abundance of monosaccharides and the key phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were correlated with the presence of specific bacteria, including members of the Labrenzia (Roseibium) and Marinobacter genera. Single-cell stable isotope tracking revealed that these two bacterial genera are involved in reciprocal exchanges of carbon and nitrogen with Symbiodiniaceae. We identified the provision of IAA by Labrenzia and Marinobacter, and this metabolite caused a significant growth enhancement of Symbiodiniaceae. By unravelling these interkingdom interactions, our work demonstrates how specific bacterial associates fundamentally govern Symbiodiniaceae fitness.
Dopant-assisted stabilization of negatively charged single nitrogen-vacancy centers in phosphorus-doped diamond at low temperatures
Authors: Geng Jianpei , Shalomayeva Tetyana , Gryzlova Mariia , Mukherjee Amlan , Santonocito Santo , Dzhavadzade Dzhavid , Dasari Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao , Kato Hiromitsu , Stöhr Rainer , Denisenko Andrej , Mizuochi Norikazu , Wrachtrup Jörg
Published: October 2023

Charge state instabilities have been a bottleneck for the implementation of solid-state spin systems and pose a major challenge to the development of spin-based quantum technologies. Here we investigate the stabilization of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers in phosphorus-doped diamond at liquid helium temperatures. Photoionization of phosphorous donors in conjunction with charge diffusion at the nanoscale enhances NV0 to NV− conversion and stabilizes the NV− charge state without the need for an additional repump laser. The phosphorus-assisted stabilization is explored and confirmed both with experiments and our theoretical model. Stable photoluminescence-excitation spectra are obtained for NV− centers created during the growth. The fluorescence is continuously recorded under resonant excitation to real-time monitor the charge state and the ionization and recombination rates are extracted from time traces. We find a linear laser power dependence of the recombination rate as opposed to the conventional quadratic dependence, which is attributed to the photo-ionization of phosphorus atoms.
Myofascial urinary frequency syndrome is a novel syndrome of bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms associated with myofascial pelvic floor dysfunction
Authors: Ackerman A. Lenore , Jackson Nicholas J. , Caron Ashley T. , Kaufman Melissa R. , Routh Jonathan C. , Lowder Jerry L.
Published: October 2023

This study describes a novel, distinct phenotype of urinary symptoms named “myofascial urinary frequency syndrome” (MUFS) present in one-third of individuals presenting with urinary frequency. In addition to a characteristic symptom constellation suggestive of myofascial dysfunction, MUFS subjects exhibit “persistency”: a persistent feeling of needing to urinate regardless of urine volume. On examination, 97% of MUFS patients demonstrated pelvic floor hypertonicity with either global tenderness or myofascial trigger points, and 92% displayed evidence of impaired muscular relaxation, hallmarks of myofascial dysfunction. To confirm this symptom pattern was attributable to the pelvic floor musculature, we confirmed the presence of “persistency” in 68 patients with pelvic floor myofascial dysfunction established through comprehensive examination and electromyography and corroborated by improvement with pelvic floor myofascial release. These symptoms distinguish subjects with myofascial dysfunction from subjects with OAB, IC/BPS, and asymptomatic controls, confirming MUFS is a distinct LUTS symptom complex.
IoT empowered smart cybersecurity framework for intrusion detection in internet of drones
Authors: Ashraf Syeda Nazia , Manickam Selvakumar , Zia Syed Saood , Abro Abdul Ahad , Obaidat Muath , Uddin Mueen , Abdelhaq Maha , Alsaqour Raed
Published: October 2023

The emergence of drone-based innovative cyber security solutions integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized navigational technologies with robust data communication services across multiple platforms. This advancement leverages machine learning and deep learning methods for future progress. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the utilization of IoT-enabled drone data management technology. Industries ranging from industrial applications to agricultural advancements, as well as the implementation of smart cities for intelligent and efficient monitoring. However, these latest trends and drone-enabled IoT technology developments have also opened doors to malicious exploitation of existing IoT infrastructures. This raises concerns regarding the vulnerability of drone networks and security risks due to inherent design flaws and the lack of cybersecurity solutions and standards. The main objective of this study is to examine the latest privacy and security challenges impacting the network of drones (NoD). The research underscores the significance of establishing a secure and fortified drone network to mitigate interception and intrusion risks. The proposed system effectively detects cyber-attacks in drone networks by leveraging deep learning and machine learning techniques. Furthermore, the model's performance was evaluated using well-known drones’ CICIDS2017, and KDDCup 99 datasets. We have tested the multiple hyperparameter parameters for optimal performance and classify data instances and maximum efficacy in the NoD framework. The model achieved exceptional efficiency and robustness in NoD, specifically while applying B-LSTM and LSTM. The system attains precision values of 89.10% and 90.16%, accuracy rates up to 91.00–91.36%, recall values of 81.13% and 90.11%, and F-measure values of 88.11% and 90.19% for the respective evaluation metrics.
Anxiety associated with perceived uncontrollable stress enhances expectations of environmental volatility and impairs reward learning
Authors: Guitart-Masip Marc , Walsh Amy , Dayan Peter , Olsson Andreas
Published: October 2023

Unavoidable stress can lead to perceived lack of control and learned helplessness, a risk factor for depression. Avoiding punishment and gaining rewards involve updating the values of actions based on experience. Such updating is however useful only if action values are sufficiently stable, something that a lack of control may impair. We examined whether self-reported stress uncontrollability during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic predicted impaired reward-learning. In a preregistered study during the first-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, we used self-reported measures of depression, anxiety, uncontrollable stress, and COVID-19 risk from 427 online participants to predict performance in a three-armed-bandit probabilistic reward learning task. As hypothesised, uncontrollable stress predicted impaired learning, and a greater proportion of probabilistic errors following negative feedback for correct choices, an effect mediated by state anxiety. A parameter from the best-fitting hidden Markov model that estimates expected beliefs that the identity of the optimal choice will shift across images, mediated effects of state anxiety on probabilistic errors and learning deficits. Our findings show that following uncontrollable stress, anxiety promotes an overly volatile representation of the reward-structure of uncertain environments, impairing reward attainment, which is a potential path to anhedonia in depression.
A novel prognostic N7-methylguanosine-related long non-coding RNA signature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Luo Wang , Lu Jing , Zheng Xiang , Wang JinJing , Qian ShengYan , Bai ZhiXun , Wu MingSong
Published: October 2023

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is regulated by methylation modifications and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, knowledge of N7-methylguanosine (m7G)-related lncRNAs that predict ccRCC prognosis remains insufficient. A prognostic multi-lncRNA signature was created using LASSO regression to examine the differential expression of m7G-related lncRNAs in ccRCC. Furthermore, we performed Kaplan–Meier analysis and area under the curve (AUC) analysis for diagnosis. In all, a model based on five lncRNAs was developed. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the risk model precisely separated the patients into different groups. The IC50 value for drug sensitivity divided patients into two risk groups. High-risk group of patients was more susceptible to A.443654, A.770041, ABT.888, AMG.706, and AZ628. Moreover, a lower tumor mutation burden combined with low-risk scores was associated with a better prognosis of ccRCC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) exhibited that the expression levels of LINC01507, AC093278.2 were very high in all five ccRCC cell lines, AC084876.1 was upregulated in all ccRCC cell lines except 786-O, and the levels of AL118508.1 and DUXAP8 were upregulated in the Caki-1 cell line. This risk model may be promising for the clinical prediction of prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses in patients with ccRCC.
Regional and interhemispheric differences of neuronal representations in dentate gyrus and CA3 inferred from expression of zif268
Authors: Schmill Lars-Patrick , Bohle Katharina , Röhrdanz Niels , Schiffelholz Thomas , Balueva Kira , Wulff Peer
Published: October 2023

The hippocampal formation is one of the best studied brain regions for spatial and mnemonic representations. These representations have been reported to differ in their properties for individual hippocampal subregions. One approach that allows the detection of neuronal representations is immediate early gene imaging, which relies on the visualization of genomic responses of activated neuronal populations, so called engrams. This method permits the within-animal comparison of neuronal representations across different subregions. In this work, we have used compartmental analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (catFISH) of the immediate early gene zif268/erg1 to compare neuronal representations between subdivisions of the dentate gyrus and CA3 upon exploration of different contexts. Our findings give an account of subregion-specific ensemble sizes. We confirm previous results regarding disambiguation abilities in dentate gyrus and CA3 but in addition report novel findings: Although ensemble sizes in the lower blade of the dentate gyrus are significantly smaller than in the upper blade both blades are responsive to environmental change. Beyond this, we show significant differences in the representation of familiar and novel environments along the longitudinal axis of dorsal CA3 and most interestingly between CA3 regions of both hemispheres.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with incident chronic kidney disease and proteinuria in the AIDS linked to the intravenous experience cohort
Authors: Tewari Sakshi R. , Kirk Gregory D. , Arking Dan E. , Astemborski Jacquie , Newcomb Charles , Piggott Damani A. , Mehta Shruti , Lucas Gregory M. , Sun Jing
Published: October 2023

We evaluated the prospective association of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) with markers of kidney function among a cohort of persons who inject drugs (PWID). This is a Prospective cohort study nested in the AIDS linked to the intravenous experience cohort (community-based cohort of PWID in Baltimore, MD). mtDNA CN was measured at two time-points 5 years apart using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], serum creatinine, urine protein) was measured annually. We used linear mixed effects models to evaluate kidney function trajectories (N = 946) and Cox regression models to assess hazard of incident CKD (eGFR < 60 at two consecutive visits, N = 739) and proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio > 200, N = 573) by level of mtDNA CN (Low [lowest quartile], vs high [other three quartiles]. Models were adjusted for demographic and behavioral characteristics, HIV and/or HCV infection, and comorbidity burden. Low mtDNA CN was independently associated with higher hazard of incident CKD (aHR: 2.33, 95% CI 1.42, 3.80) and proteinuria (aHR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.04, 1.96). Participants with low mtDNA CN had greater declines in eGFR and greater increases in serum creatinine over time. Low mtDNA CN is associated with more rapid kidney function decline and risk of incident CKD and proteinuria.
An efficient watermarking algorithm for digital audio data in security applications
Authors: Yamni Mohamed , Daoui Achraf , Karmouni Hicham , Sayyouri Mhamed , Qjidaa Hassan , motahhir Saad , Jamil Ouazzani , El-Shafai Walid , Algarni Abeer D. , Soliman Naglaa F. , Aly Moustafa H.
Published: October 2023

Transform-domain audio watermarking systems are more robust than time-domain systems. However, the main weakness of these systems is their high computational cost, especially for long-duration audio signals. Therefore, they are not desirable for real-time security applications where speed is a critical factor. In this paper, we propose a fast watermarking system for audio signals operating in the hybrid transform domain formed by the fractional Charlier transform (FrCT) and the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT). The central idea of the proposed algorithm is to parallelize the intensive and repetitive steps in the audio watermarking system and then implement them simultaneously on the available physical cores on an embedded systems cluster. In order to have a low power consumption and a low-cost cluster with a large number of physical cores, four Raspberry Pis 4B are used where the communication between them is ensured using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). The adopted Raspberry Pi cluster is also characterized by its portability and mobility, which are required in watermarking-based smart city applications. In addition to its resistance to any possible manipulation (intentional or unintentional), high payload capacity, and high imperceptibility, the proposed parallel system presents a temporal improvement of about 70%, 80%, and 90% using 4, 8, and 16 physical cores of the adopted cluster, respectively.
Identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liu Shuang , Bian Yan-chao , Wang Wan-lun , Liu Tong-Jia , Zhang Ting , Chang Yue , Xiao Rui , Zhang Chuan-ling
Published: October 2023

Spermatogenesis is a complex process related to male infertility. Till now, the critical genes and specific mechanisms have not been elucidated clearly. Our objective was to determine the hub genes that play a crucial role in spermatogenesis by analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) present in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) compared to OA and normal samples using bioinformatics analysis. Four datasets, namely GSE45885, GSE45887, GSE9210 and GSE145467 were used. Functional enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs. Hub genes were identified based on protein–protein interactions between DEGs. The expression of the hub genes was further examined in the testicular germ cell tumors from the TCGA by the GEPIA and validated by qRT-PCR in the testes of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis mice with impaired spermatogenesis. A total of 203 DEGs including 34 up-regulated and 169 down-regulated were identified. Functional enrichment analysis showed DEGs were mainly involved in microtubule motility, the process of cell growth and protein transport.PRM2, TEKT2, FSCN3, UBQLN3, SPATS1andGTSF1Lwere identified and validated as hub genes for spermatogenesis. Three of them (PRM2, FSCN3andTEKT2) were significantly down-regulated in the testicular germ cell tumors and their methylation levels were associated with the pathogenesis. In summary, the hub genes identified may be related to spermatogenesis and may act as potential therapeutic targets for NOA and testicular germ cell tumors.
Multilayer radiation shielding system with advanced composites containing heavy metal oxide nanoparticles: a free-lead solution
Authors: Al-Saleh Wafa M. , Almutairi Haifa M. , Sayyed M. I. , Elsafi Mohamed
Published: October 2023

With the use of multilayer materials such as concrete, mortar and ceramics that were fortified with PbO, WO3and Bi2O3nanoparticles, our study's objective was to produce a an effective photon shielding system. Experimental evaluation of the radiation shielding efficiency of two sets of samples with various thicknesses was conducted. The elemental content and morphology of the samples were corroborated by SEM and EDX studies, with ceramic samples exhibiting superior particle distribution and fewer voids than concrete and mortar specimens. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was studied both experimentally and numerically using the Phy-X program, and it was found that the two sets of values were in satisfactory agreement. The values of LAC were consistently greater for samples with 30% of the selected heavy metal oxides than for those with 10%. The LAC for Cer-1 was 5.003 cm−1at 0.059 MeV, whereas the corresponding LAC for Cer-2 was 2.123 cm−1. The LAC values were as follows: ceramics (5.003 cm−1), mortar (2.999 cm−1), concrete (2.733 cm−1), and the transmission factor (TF) examination of the multiple-layer specimens showed that the TF of the 3 cm thick multilayer sample was lower than that of the 2 cm thick sample and that both multilayer samples displayed better attenuation efficiency in comparison to single-layer specimens. The results show the possibility for employing multilayer structures with different densities, thicknesses, and sizes in suitable radiation shielding applications.
Correlation of bioactive components of platelet rich plasma derived from human female adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood with age
Authors: Tian Ju , Li Xiong Jie , Ma Yongshi , Mai Zhiming , Yang Yao , Luo Min , Xu Wenping , Chen Kui , Chen Xuri , Tang Jianbing , Cheng Biao , Cui Xiao
Published: October 2023

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to its potential therapeutic applications. However, few studies have reported the components, especially anti-ageing-related components, of PRP derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB). It is essential to understand the influence of age on the composition and efficacy of PRP to optimize its clinical use. The present study compared the concentrations of bioactive components in PRP from healthy female adults and UCB-derived PRP. PRP was obtained from blood samples from females in four age groups (12 per group): neonates (UCB donors) and adults aged 18–25, 26–45, and 46–65 years, respectively. The concentrations of epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), insulin-like growth factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA), PDGF-AB/BB, vascular endothelial growth factor A, RANTES, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, GDF11, and clusterin and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the PRP samples were determined and compared among groups. Pairwise comparisons between the groups showed statistically significant differences in the concentrations of some bioactive components of PRP, such as FGF-2, PDGF-AB/BB, and clusterin, and GPx activity. UCB-derived PRP contains various active ingredients such as VEGF-A, CAT activity, and TIMP-2. Contrary to expectations, UCB-derived PRP did not show higher concentrations of the anti-ageing protein GDF11. Because UCB is a rich source of bioactive components with low immunogenicity, its use in PRP preparation is an important research direction for future studies.
Development of machine learning prognostic models for overall survival of prostate cancer patients with lymph node-positive
Authors: Peng Zi-He , Tian Juan-Hua , Chen Bo-Hong , Zhou Hai-Bin , Bi Hang , He Min-Xin , Li Ming-Rui , Zheng Xin-Yu , Wang Ya-Wen , Chong Tie , Li Zhao-Lun
Published: October 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) patients with lymph node involvement (LNI) constitute a single-risk group with varied prognoses. Existing studies on this group have focused solely on those who underwent prostatectomy (RP), using statistical models to predict prognosis. This study aimed to develop an easily accessible individual survival prediction tool based on multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict survival probability for PCa patients with LNI. A total of 3280 PCa patients with LNI were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, covering the years 2000–2019. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Gradient Boosting Survival Analysis (GBSA), Random Survival Forest (RSF), and Extra Survival Trees (EST) were used to develop prognosis models, which were compared to Cox regression. Discrimination was evaluated using the time-dependent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (time-dependent AUC) and the concordance index (c-index). Calibration was assessed using the time-dependent Brier score (time-dependent BS) and the integrated Brier score (IBS). Moreover, the beeswarm summary plot in SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) was used to display the contribution of variables to the results. The 3280 patients were randomly split into a training cohort (n = 2624) and a validation cohort (n = 656). Nine variables including age at diagnosis, race, marital status, clinical T stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis, Gleason Score (GS), number of positive lymph nodes, radical prostatectomy (RP), and radiotherapy (RT) were used to develop models. The mean time-dependent AUC for GBSA, RSF, and EST was 0.782 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.779–0.783), 0.779 (95% CI 0.776–0.780), and 0.781 (95% CI 0.778–0.782), respectively, which were higher than the Cox regression model of 0.770 (95% CI 0.769–0.773). Additionally, all models demonstrated almost similar calibration, with low IBS. A web-based prediction tool was developed using the best-performing GBSA, which is accessible at https://pengzihexjtu-pca-n1.streamlit.app/. ML algorithms showed better performance compared with Cox regression and we developed a web-based tool, which may help to guide patient treatment and follow-up.
Preliminary evidence that blocking the uptake of placenta-derived preeclamptic extracellular vesicles protects the vascular endothelium and prevents vasoconstriction
Authors: Erlandsson Lena , Ohlsson Lena , Masoumi Zahra , Rehnström Mimmi , Cronqvist Tina , Edvinsson Lars , Hansson Stefan R.
Published: October 2023

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy syndrome characterized by hypertension and organ damage manifesting after 20 gestational weeks. The etiology is of multifactorial origin, where placental stress causes increased levels of placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) in the maternal circulation, shown to cause inflammation, endothelial activation, vasoconstriction, and anti-angiogenic activity. General endothelial dysfunction is believed to be initiated by endothelial insult during pregnancy that alters vascular function resulting in increased arterial stiffness, cardiac dysfunction, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. We compared the effect of normal and PE derived STBEVs in vitro on vascular contractility of human subcutaneous arteries using wire myography. Cellular structures of exposed vessels were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. We explored strategies to pharmacologically block the effects of the STBEVs on human vessels. The PE STBEVs caused significantly stronger angiotensin II-mediated contractions and extended structural damage to human subcutaneous arteries compared to normal STBEVs. These negative effects could be reduced by blocking vesicle uptake by endothelial cells, using chlorpromazine or specific antibodies towards the LOX-1 receptor. The therapeutic potential of blocking vesicle uptake should be further explored, to reduce the permanent damage caused on the vasculature during PE pregnancy to prevent future cardiovascular risk.
Multimodal monitoring intracranial pressure by invasive and noninvasive means
Authors: de Moraes Fabiano Moulin , Adissy Erica Navarro Borba , Rocha Eva , Barros Felipe Chaves Duarte , Freitas Flávio Geraldo Rezende , Miranda Maramelia , Valiente Raul Alberto , de Andrade João Brainer Clares , Chaddad-Neto Feres Eduardo Aparecido , Silva Gisele Sampaio
Published: October 2023

Although the placement of an intraventricular catheter remains the gold standard method for the diagnosis of intracranial hypertension (ICH), the technique has several limitations including but not limited to its invasiveness. Current noninvasive methods, however, still lack robust evidence to support their clinical use. We aimed to estimate, as an exploratory hypothesis generating analysis, the discriminative power of four noninvasive methods to diagnose ICH. We prospectively collected data from adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), and ischemic stroke (IS) in whom invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring had been placed. Measures were simultaneously collected from the following noninvasive methods: optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), pulsatility index (PI) using transcranial Doppler (TCD), a 5-point visual scale designed for brain Computed Tomography (CT), and two parameters (time-to-peak [TTP] and P2/P1 ratio) of a noninvasive ICP wave morphology monitor (Brain4Care[B4c]). ICH was defined as a sustained ICP > 20 mmHg for at least 5 min. We studied 18 patients (SAH = 14; ICH = 3; IS = 1) on 60 occasions with a mean age of 52 ± 14.3 years. All methods were recorded simultaneously, except for the CT, which was performed within 24 h of the other methods. The median ICP was 13 [9.8–16.2] mmHg, and intracranial hypertension was present on 18 occasions (30%). Median values from the noninvasive techniques were ONSD 4.9 [4.40–5.41] mm, PI 1.22 [1.04–1.43], CT scale 3 points [IQR: 3.0], P2/P1 ratio 1.16 [1.09–1.23], and TTP 0.215 [0.193–0.237]. There was a significant statistical correlation between all the noninvasive techniques and invasive ICP (ONSD, r = 0.29; PI, r = 0.62; CT, r = 0.21; P2/P1 ratio, r = 0.35; TTP, r = 0.35, p < 0.001 for all comparisons). The area under the curve (AUC) to estimate intracranial hypertension was 0.69 [CIs = 0.62–0.78] for the ONSD, 0.75 [95% CIs 0.69–0.83] for the PI, 0.64 [95%Cis 0.59–069] for CT, 0.79 [95% CIs 0.72–0.93] for P2/P1 ratio, and 0.69 [95% CIs 0.60–0.74] for TTP. When the various techniques were combined, an AUC of 0.86 [0.76–0.93]) was obtained. The best pair of methods was the TCD and B4cth an AUC of 0.80 (0.72–0.88). Noninvasive technique measurements correlate with ICP and have an acceptable discrimination ability in diagnosing ICH. The multimodal combination of PI (TCD) and wave morphology monitor may improve the ability of the noninvasive methods to diagnose ICH. The observed variability in non-invasive ICP estimations underscores the need for comprehensive investigations to elucidate the optimal method-application alignment across distinct clinical scenarios.
Visible-light-mediated synthesis of non-anomericS-aryl glycosidesviaa photoactive electron-donor–acceptor complex
Authors: Le Zhang  , He Shiyun , Hou Jinyu , Ye Meiling , Chen Jian , Lv Guanghui , Huang Tianle , Yang Zhongzhen , Wu Yong
Published: October 2023

A visible-light-mediated glycosylation reaction between glycosyl redox-active esters and disulfides has been reported, through which a series ofS-aryl glycosides were obtained in good yields with satisfactory stereoselectivity.
UV-driven self-repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in RNA
Authors: Crucilla Sarah J. , Ding Dian , Lozano Gabriella G. , Szostak Jack W. , Sasselov Dimitar D. , Kufner Corinna L.
Published: October 2023

The absorption of an ultraviolet (UV) photon induces a charge separated state, which can repair an adjacent cyclo-butane-uridine-dimer in RNA.