bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF BUILT-UP AND RECREATION EXPANSION USING GEO-INFORMATIC TECHNIQUE IN KOH CHANG ISLAND, THAILAND
Authors:   Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Geography and Geo-Informatics Program, Bangkok Thailand, JUNGPANICH Pranita , WAIYASUSRI Katawut ,   Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Geography and Geo-Informatics Program, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: December 2021

Land-use change for examining the expansion of built-up and recreation, required effective techniques of spatial assessment, especially in areas with limited space such as Koh Chang island in Thailand which needed to be emphasized. The research objectives were to study land-use patterns in Koh Chang area in Trat province from 2000-2020, and study land-use change, especially the expansion of buildings and recreation area during that period, using geo-informatic technique. The study found that most of Koh Chang is forest land, up to 80% of the island, but the trend is declining. On the other hand, the area that has increased in number is built-up and recreation, which has increased from 7.22 km2 to 18.28 km2 and up to 253.19% in the past 20 years. The efficiency of geo-informatic technology can extract useful information, especially spatial data on land-use change. Therefore, it is known from which areas built-up and recreation areas are transformed in order to bring such information into a spatial database system for supporting decision-making in directing, monitoring and controlling areas for further expansion of tourism business in order not to create an impact on the environment.
Agriculture and forestry impact assessment for tephra fall hazard
Authors: Craig Heather , Wilson Thomas , Magill Christina , Stewart Carol , Wild Alec J.
Published: December 2021

Developing approaches to assess the impact of tephra fall to agricultural and forestry systems is essential for informing effective disaster risk management strategies. Fragility functions are commonly used as the vulnerability model within a loss assessment framework and represent the relationship between a given hazard intensity measure (e.g., tephra thickness) and the probability of impacts occurring. Impacts are represented here using an impact state (IS), which categorises qualitative and quantitative statements into a numeric scale. This study presents IS schemes for pastoral, horticultural, and forestry systems, and a suite of fragility functions estimating the probability of each IS occurring for 13 sub-sectors. Temporal vulnerability is accounted for by a ‘seasonality coefficient,’ and a ‘chemical toxicity coefficient’ is included to incorporate the increased vulnerability of pastoral farming systems when tephra is high in fluoride. The fragility functions are then used to demonstrate a deterministic impact assessment with current New Zealand exposure.
Entre lo permisible y lo prohibido: prostitución y proxenetismo en Sancti Spíritus, Cuba (1942-1952)
Authors: Rodríguez Carvajal Zandra , Rodríguez Muñoz Yaney
Published: December 2021

En los últimos tiempos ha habido una tendencia en la historiografía hacia los estudios de la llamada “gente sin historia”. Entre ellos destacan los relativos a negros, bandidos, criminales y prostitutas, entre otros tantos, que debido a su exclusión social habían permanecido por largo tiempo al margen de la historia. La prostitución, que ha tenido como centro de atención a las mujeres como sujetos portadores de una historia en sí y para sí, ha sido uno de los más interesantes. Primero por ser un tema feudo de la literatura testimonial y de ficción y porque cuyas particularidades no son recogidas en documentos históricos suscritos por las autoridades o instancias oficiales. El estudio realizado pretende explicar la incidencia del contexto histórico en el auge de la prostitución en Sancti Spíritus entre los años 1942 y 1952. Para ello se utiliza como método el histórico-lógico, empleado para el análisis de la racionalidad inherente al objeto de investigación en concreto, y para la relación que existe entre procesos estructurales y el desarrollo propio de la prostitución en Sancti Spíritus, el explicativo-ilustrativo, el analítico-sintético y el análisis de documentos. Se consultaron además fuentes de la información primaria, destacando los documentos de archivo y las publicaciones periódicas consultadas.
Tinjauan Fiqh Muamalah Terhadap Pelaksanaan Akad Murabahah Pada Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Nur Khusna Fathia , Rio Pane Andi , Mufida Rifkah
Published: December 2021

Fiqh muamalah pada perbankan syariah dewasa ini telah mengalami banyak perkembangan. Dalam skema sistem pembiayaan pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia, pelaksanaan Akad Murabahah menjadi pembiayaan yang paling banyak digunakan karena disinyalir lebih memberikan keuntungan bagi bank syariah maupun bagi nasabah. Namun dalam praktiknya, pelaksanaan akad Murabahah pada perbankan syariah dinilai telah mengalami modifikasi dengan didahuluinya akad wakalah. Hal tersebut tidak sesuai dengan fiqh muamalah klasik. Penulisan hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan memahami bagaimana tinjauan fiqh muamalah terhadap pelaksanaan akad murabahah pada perbankan syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang mengkaji hukum tertulis berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pelaksanaan akad murabahah pada perbankan syariah dalam perkembangannya telah mengalami modifikasi dengan ditambahnya akad wakalah. Dengan adanya akad wakalah pada skema akad murabahah maka transaksi jual beli antara bank dengan nasabah menjadi tidak sah karena akad murabahah tersebut akan mengandung unsur riba. Maka dari itu agar akad murabahah dalam prakteknya tidak menyimpang dari prinsip syariah, maka pelaksanaan akad murabahah tidak boleh bersamaan dengan akad wakalah.
Effects of exogenous glycine betaine application on some physiological and biochemical properties of cotton (G. hirsutum L.) plants grown in different drought levels
Authors: KILINÇOĞLU Nimet , CEVHERİ Cevher İlhan , CEVHERİ Cenap , NAHYA Hatice Yüsra
Published: December 2021

Drought stress significantly reduces the growth and yield of cotton plants; therefore, reducing the damage caused by drought stress and improving the plant growth are highly important. The aims of this study were to investigate some of physiological and biochemical properties of cotton plants exposed to different drought levels and to determine the extent of improvement obtained by exogenous glycine betaine treatment for the damages caused by the adverse effects of drought. Three drought levels were created using PEG (Polyethylene glycol 6000) solution (0%, 10% and 20%). The drought groups were also divided into 2 subgroups by using 0 (control: glycine betaine solution was not applied) and 2 mM glycine betaine solution. The pot experiment was established in a growth chamber with 3 replications and the experiment repeated twice. The changes in the contents of contents of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, total dissolved protein, total dissolved carbohydrate and some nutrients were investigated. Chlorophyll a and b, calcium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus concentrations were decreased, while carotenoid, total dissolved protein and carbohydrate, potassium contents increased with the increasing drought level. The results revealed that adverse effects of drought stress on cotton plants were alleviated by exogenous application of glycine betaine.
Breaking seed dormancy and regeneration in Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: ÖNOL Burak , YILDIRIM Mehmet Uğur
Published: December 2021

Cannabis sativa L. is an important medicinal plant species that grow under natural conditions and has been legalized in 20 out of 81 Turkish provinces. The female inflorescence is a highly branched compound raceme with indeterminate habit of growth. This results in different maturing of seeds on the inflorescence and induce physiological dormancy on seeds. The study aimed to improve seed germination percentage using various concentrations of GA₃, GA₃ + BAP, germination on water and water solidified with agar, MS or Gamborg B5 medium. The results showed that the best seed germination was noted on Gamborg B5 medium. Different explants were used to regenerated plantlets on Gamborg B5 medium. All explants were suitable for callus regeneration variably. Only the stem nodes of Samsun Vezirköprü were suitable to induce shoots and plantlets. These plantlets were acclimatized on clay loam soils and transferred to field condition during October 2020, where they acclimatized successfully. These studies provide an effective insight into the mechanism seed dormancy in C. sativa. Further studies using other plant growth regulator concentrations will improve shoot regeneration and aid in utilizing the methods for breeding purpose.
Parametric Design & Analysis of Plastics Fuel Blend by using Taguchi Method in Diesel Engine
Authors: Saraf Rishabha , Gangele Anshul
Published: December 2021

Over the past two centuries, energy needs have risen dramatically, particularly due to the transportation and industry sectors. However, the main made fuels like (fossil fuels) are polluting and their reserves are limited. Governments & research organization work together for make the use of renewable resources a priority and reduce irresponsible use of natural supplies through increased conservation. The energy crisis is a broad is biggest problem in world. Most people don't realize to their reality unless the price of fuel at the pump goes up or there are lines at the fuel station.
Plastics waste fuel is sustainable and futuristic solution of fossil fuel as well as biggest problem of waste management of plastic waste can solve by this fuel. In thesis we prepare the plastic waste fuel by application of paralysis process in this process use low, medium and high grade of plastic and heated with limited amount of oxygen melt the plastic. The result of paralysis finds of liquid fuel and flammable gas. This fuel can be used as a blend in diesel with a proportion of B0D100, B10D90 B20D80, & B30D70 where B tent to blend of plastic fuel and D tend to diesel as if B0D100 means blend 0% and diesel 100%. These blend run diesel engine. The blends are in 10%, 20% & 30% plastic paralysis oil with standard diesel fuel. For experiment simultaneous optimization used a method called “Taguchi” used in the engine such as injection pressure and load condition. Taguchi Method of Optimization is a simplest method of optimizing experimental parameters in less number of trials.
Competency Development Salt Farmers Skills in Pademawu Sub-District Pamekasan Regency
Authors: Ma'mun Sukron , Abdurahman Abdurahman , Basyarahil Abubakar
Published: December 2021

Many salt-farmers in Pademawu lived in the middle to lower economic class because they still produced bad raw-salt. This study aimed to arrange a new model of developing salt-farmers skill to produce a high amount of salt in better quality. Qualitative method was used in this study. The data presented were the result of interview and observation. The researher acted as a research intrument that went directly to the fielt to obtain accurate data. The data analysis technique used was domain analysis, which sought to analyze general descriptions of research object at surface level but relatively intact about the object of research. The result analysis of this study was targetted to obtain complete description of the object without mentioned detail elements of the object research. This research only discusses the development of salt farmer skills competency. This research was expected to give valuable contribution of model of developing salt-farmers skills.
Analysis of Entrepreneurial Competency in East Java
Authors: Nalurani Esti , Suhariadi Fendy , Sugihartati Rahma
Published: December 2021

Based on the 2018 Global Entrepreneurship Index’s data, globally, Indonesia is a country that has a low number of entrepreneurs, which position in 94 from 137 countries. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs have an important role in supporting the national economy in various aspects. Indirectly, they are required to have more competence to compete and survive longer. This research finds out the relevance of 30 characteristics in the three-cluster entrepreneurial competence block diagram for entrepreneurs in East Java. The authors use the qualitative method with the Miles and Huberman analysis technique. This data was collected by interviewing 11 entrepreneurs who have been selected based on the criteria. With the approach of Miles and Huberman, the researcher concluded that 11 entrepreneurs had 30 entrepreneurial characteristics and considered that these characters were important. The results identify that 30 characteristics in the three-cluster entrepreneurial competency block diagram are valid. In addition, the competence of entrepreneurs can be through a religious approach and the culture of the surrounding community. And during the pandemic, entrepreneurial competence is more relevant with the government and society support.
Missing out on the “Men’s Club”: Gendered Attitudes to Intrapreneurship within Large Corporations
Authors: Meier Philip , Adderley Simon
Published: December 2021

This paper explores the factors that influence innovative and intrapreneurial behaviour amongst female employees. The paper explores a case study of one business unit (of approximately 1,100 employees) within a much larger corporation. It uses a qualitative methodology of semi-structured interviews to explore (1) the factors that influence innovative and intrapreneurial behaviour amongst female employees and (2) how these factors are influenced by the organisation. The paper is part of an emerging research agenda that explores gendered attitudes to intrapreneurial behaviour. This is an extremely under-researched area of research which tends to borrow heavily from studies into female self-employment. The paper demonstrates that rather than focus upon female attitudes to risk or lifestyle choices, the primary issue facing potential female intrapreneurs is implicit and explicit gatekeeping by male-dominated "innovation teams".
Marketing: Farmers Promulgates Cash Crops, Itinerary to Support Their Livelihood and Enhance Their Living Standard
Authors: Shangdiar Onessimos
Published: December 2021

This paper is a briefing on the marketing and emergence of cash crops in the Indo-Bangladesh border, South West Khasi Hills District Meghalaya. It is solely aimed at understanding the inborn entrepreneurship skills of the particular sub-tribe of the Khasis called "War". They live in steep and sloppy mountains with moderate temperatures and receive sufficient precipitation throughout the year, which enables them to sustain their farming.
Marketing is the heart core of every individual, regardless of any background and professionals. Marketing plays a very important role to the farmers, and everyone could enhance their standard of living due to the technique of commercialization. The Non-farmers can buy the food crops from the farmers through the role of business administration. It is pointless to have money without having a food supply. Thus, the commercialization of agricultural produce is highly required.
Cash crops cultivation promotes economic growth and social growth; economically, people can generate income, put savings, and purchase physical capital. Socially they bridged with each other, helping one another, exchanging work, advising the younger ones, and imparting knowledge to one another, providing seeds and saplings to the have not. There is an evolution from practicing traditional crops, which can be consumed directly, to Cash crops, which need to be exported outside of the State through a marketing system with the intention to manufacture further for finished products.
The Disabilityâ€™s Perception In The Sexualityâ€™s Need And Reproductive Health In Yogyakarta 2019 â€“ A Scoping Review
Authors: Sontha Youlenta Ernes
Published: December 2021

Background: Disable people are all people who experience physical, intellectual, mental and sensory limitations in the long term that inhibit and make them difficult to interact with the environment and/to participate fully and effectively with other citizens based on equal rights. Purpose: This study aims for mapping the literature, exploring information about research activities related to the topic being investigated and also investigating problems or gaps in the research area to be investigated. Method: The applied approach to review the literature was Arksey dan Oâ€™Malley framework. The applied framework to manage research questions was PEOS so the strategy of searching used 3 databases namely Science direct, Pubmed, and Whiley with the identification of relevant studies to the inclusion and exclusion. Result: Disable people are human beings who can feel the biological needs. Negative views from family, health workers, and parents as well are the obstacles for people with disabilities who should get special attention. They requires more specific information and implementation on sexual and reproductive health for disable people. The limited access or sexual and reproductive health services by PWPD in Kampala was caused by some challenging conditions like limited access of Â information accepted so that they lack of understanding of biological needsÂ  they should obtain.Keywords: disability, sexuality and reproductive health
Psychological Disorders Found On the Early-Age Married Teenagers Who Are Under 18
Authors: Sulistiawati Indra , Pratiwi Cesa Septiana
Published: December 2021

There are in excess of 700 million women around the world married before 18 years old and there are 250 million women married before 15 years old. The early-age marriage is viewed as contributing variable to psychological trauma that influences mental and physical development. The review utilized the Arsksey and Oâ€™Malley method, specifically identifying relevant articles, selecting articles, data mapping, arranging, summing up and reporting results. The result of this review indicated that the early-age marriage has various effects on psychological disorders such as anxiety, stress and depression. However, not all articles explicitly state the psychological effect caused by the early-age marriage. Further study should be conducted to identify the psychological disorders on the early-age marriage.
Depression status decreased Quality Of Life among postpartum mother
Authors: Winarni Lastri Mei
Published: December 2021

Purpose : to know correlation between depression symptoms and the quality of life (QoL) among postpartum mother. Method of the study was used quasi experimental design byÂ  pre and post test with control group. The Â respondents are 54 mothers. The study was conducted at maternal clinic. Statistical analysis used Pearson and simple linear regression. Result of the study there is correlation between depression symptoms and the QoL among postpartum mothers with r count values < r table values (0.030 <0.05). The correlation direction was negative, the higher depression symptoms, the -0.296 times the QoL of mothers decreased.
Evaluation of a Micro CT scan system based on digital image correlation profile
Authors: Aeni Alfieta Rohmaful , Suparta Gede Bayu
Published: December 2021

The centre of rotation position is a factor that needs to be controlled to avoid artefact in CT scan. A method to evaluate the performance of CT system is needed. The method is developed using x-ray micro-CT system and evaluated based on Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The method of this research is experiment. Â The multiple radiographs are obtained from scanning object by simulation and experiment. The results show that the ideal DIC profile value of radiograph image from simulation is a constant straight line for every size variation of the object. However, from the experiment, the result show deviation toward â€“y for every size variation of the object that indicate the shift of COR position in micro-CT system. The result also similar using centre of mass profile value as comparison.Â
Dialect — speech of the oral environment
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Sierociuk Jerzy
Published: December 2021

The dialect contrasts the general language with the literary lack of what is called the tradition of writing. It is based on oral transmission, and I understand orality as a cultural type, not as “speaking”; therefore, the analysis focuses on the consequences of the functioning of the dialect in an oral environment, in which the tradition is passed on by word of mouth based on the (inter)generation transmission. The dialect does not have specific texts functioning in the collective memory, nor does it have dictionaries. In this situation, the direct memory of interlocutors is actually limited to three gen­erations. This time is also available to researchers who want to take into account the problem of changes taking place in this language environment. In turn archaic dialectal elements it is possible to conclude only after the confrontation with general language documentation.
Germanisms in the South-Western Ukrainian Dialect of the Central Boyko Region
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Matijiv Nikolay
Published: December 2021

The object of this study is to analyze German lexical units/borrowings functioning in the central part of the Boyko dialect of the south­western Ukrainian dialect group. Lexical germanisms, in particular the names of phenomena and things, features and actions, as well as phraseology, paremiology and other sayings related to life and ac­tivities (crafts, agriculture, construction) of the inhabitants of the Eastern Carpathians, were mainly subject to phonetic and word­forming substitutions, they narrowed or changed their semantics. A small part of foreign language elements remains unchanged in the Boyko dialect. Changes in the lexical meaning of words within one action have been revealed in borrowings, polysemy and, less frequently, homonymy have been recorded, and duplication of German words by Ukrainian language units in lexicalized combinations has been observed. As a result of the interaction of the Boyko dialect with the German language (di­alects) due to long­term contacts, there is a fairly large number of foreign words reg­istered in the speech of the Boykos; having lost touch with the source language, they are perceived as an integral part of the Ukrainian national language by the indigenous inhabitants of the mountains. Part of the dialectal lexicon (borrowings with narrowed or changed semantics, etc.), collected by the author for three decades using the method of stationary obser­vation in the mode of free narratives (provoked by questions) from representatives of different generations in 30 different settlements (Skole district, Lviv region, Ukraine) served as the material for this study.
The Phitoonyms and some Microtoponyms in Polish dialect in the vicinity of Vidzy
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ananyeva Nataliya E.
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the phytoonyms of the Polish dialect in the vicinity of the town of Vidzy (The Republic of Belarus) which are the result of contacts with the East Slavic (mainly Belarusian ) and Lithuanian languages, as well as some microtoponyms formed from the Lithuanian common nouns.
Accentuation of prefixed nouns in the Ukrainian language continuum: establishment of the norm
Authors:   Institute for the Ukrainian Language, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kobyrynka Halyna S.
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the behavior of verbal stress in prefixed and prefixed and suffixed nouns as well as dynamic processes in establishing their accent type. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of stress in prefixed and prefixed and suffixed nouns with noun prefixes (u­, pа­, рrа­, su­) and with originally long verb and noun prefixes (vy­, nа­, nаd­, roz­, pere­), presented in «Словарь української мови» in 4 volumes, ed. by B. Hrinchenko (1907–1909), «Малоруско­-нїмецкий словар» by E. Zhelekhivsky and S. Nedilsky (1886), and the dictionary­ reference book «Ukrainian literary pronunciation and emphasis», ed. by M. Zhovtobryukh (1973). The comparative analysis of these lexicographical works revealed that the nouns under study are functioning with a prefixal, root accent type, and at the present stage they have not changed their stress; there are differences in stress, which indicate the existence of different regional traditions in the Ukrainian accent system. The analysis also helped to understand which of the regional options scholars preferred when codifying the stress in the nouns under study. At the same time, it is noted that the prefixal stress in nouns was ancient and primary, and the tendency to shift the stress from the prefix to the root developed in the Ukrainian language, since there is a large number of nouns with prefixal stress recorded in Ukrainian accentuated manuscripts from the late 16th — early 18th centuries.
Narratives from the Polish village of Wojtowce in the Podolye region, Ukraine
Authors: Rieger Janusz
Published: December 2021

The Polish dialectal narratives recorded in Ukraine at the turn of the 21st century were previously published in a simplified phonetical transcription. Now we are preparing for publication a book of narratives concerning the fate of the Poles in Soviet Ukraine for a broader circle of readers. Therefore the dialectal texts are now presented in the ortography similar to the Polish standard. Nevertheless they are useful for studies of dialectal morphology, syntax and vocabulary. In this article we present some narratives from Wójtowce (Ukr. Війтівці), a village near Khmelnyckyj Proskurov — Proskuriv).
Genomic analyses identify significant processes in BCL11B-deficient aorta
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Jing , Wang Mengyao , Zhang Min , Gu Hanming
Published: December 2021

BCL11B is a transcription factor, which contains profound effects on the aorta, contractile properties of resistance vessels, and blood pressure. However, the mechanism of how BCL11B regulates the aorta function is not fully understood. In this study, our study is to identify the key molecules and signaling pathways by analyzing the RNA-seq data. The GSE163551 was produced by the Illumina NextSeq 500 (Mus musculus). The KEGG and GO analyses showed the ribosome and calcium signaling pathways are the main processes during the BCL11B knockout. Moreover, we determined ten key molecules including RPS11, GATA4, RPS13, RPL9, RPL27A, RPS24, RPL23A, RPL37A, BMP4, RPS7. Thus, our study may provide novel knowledge of the BCL11B regulated aorta.
Differential expression of SPC25, NDC80 kinetochore complex component in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2021

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding SPC25, NDC80 kinetochore complex component, SPC25, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). SPC25 was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). SPC25 mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of SPC25 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A type cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of SPC25 was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal androgen receptor subtype disease. SPC25 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
The Essence of Poetry Application as Indonesian Pop Songs Lyrics in the Perspective of Utilitarianism Ethical Axiology
Authors: Sioe Ching , Wibowo Wahyuningtyas Krisnawati , Ramadhanti Assyifa Intan , Mumtaz Nurul , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: December 2021

Background: The existence of literature among the younger generation is increasingly difficult to detect. Meanwhile, literature plays an important role in character education as well as the existence of bahasa Indonesia as the national language. One form of literature whose popularity is declining is poetry. Using poems as song lyrics is a new way to deliver poetry. Aim: This study aims to determine the essence of poetries application as Indonesian pop song lyrics on the spread of literature. Methods: The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with an open questionnaire data collection method and interview. The population is Faculty of Humanities (FIB) of Universitas Airlangga students from the cohort of 2019-2021. The sample was taken using a random sampling technique with the number 40 respondents for the questionnaire and 14 participants for the interview. For the questionnaire, the respondents were asked to interpret three lyric snippets of popular pop songs in Indonesia. The purpose of the questionnaire was to measure the respondent's level of understanding of the song lyrics so that conclusions could be drawn. The data analysis method was done using the classification technique, which was grouping the answers from the questionnaire into four categories, namely: 1). completely understand, 2). somewhat understand, 3). do not quite understand, and 4). do not understand at all. Results: The results show that the use of poetry as song lyrics has an effect on increasing respondents' literary understanding. Recommendation: Younger generation should utilize songs as media for dissemination as well as learning literature, especially poetry. Limitation: However, further in-depth research is needed due to the limitations of this study. The respondents and participants involved are still restricted to FIB students from Universitas Airlangga, hence the resulting data does not represent the young generation from all over Indonesia.
Fitri Mulyani (19016022) Esai Metlit Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Mulyani Fitri
Published: December 2021

Esai Metode Penelitian Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
INDONESIAN GENERATION Z’S PERSPECTIVE ON MEMES AS A REPRESENTATION OF THEIR COMMUNICATION ON MEDIA SOCIAL
Authors: Sindangsari Laura Putri , Amirah Andita Hana , Rachmani Najla Fa'iqoh , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: December 2021

Background: In this digital era, memes have changed the way Indonesian generation z communicates on social media. Purpose: To find out Generation Z's perspective on using memes and how they communicate on social media. Question: How do memes affect the way Indonesian generation z communicates on social media? Methods: We used online surveys for quantitative methods with data analysis using descriptive statistical techniques and interviews for qualitative methods with purposive sampling technique. The population is Generation Z, with the age range being 17-23 years and over. Our respondent in an online survey is 72 respondents and took 6 of them for an interview. Results: We found that memes have positive and negative effects on the way Indonesian generation z communicates on the Whatsapp, Instagram, Twitter, Line, and Telegram platforms used for various purposes such as conveying information, opinions, criticism, entertainment, and breaking the tense atmosphere. Recommendation: We recommend adding respondents to achieve generalization so that the data obtained is more valid than this. Limitations: The limitation of our research is that the respondents involved are mostly from East Java.
KESETARAAN GENDER DALAM LINGKUP PENDIDIKAN DAN DALAM PELAYANAN GEREJA
Authors: Sara Irianto
Published: December 2021

Kesetaraan Gender merupakan amanah dari setiap budaya, namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kesetaraan gender dalam masyarakat masi sulit terwujud, sala-satu alasan yang mendasari kesetaraan gender ialah masi dieluk-elukkan paham partiarki yang memandang laki-laki sebagai pihak dominan dan mengesampingkan peranan perempuan. Berangkat dari presepsi yang menganggap bahwa perempuan hanya disiapkan hanya untuk menjadi kepala dapur. Perempuan masi mengalami hambatan tersembunyi dalam masyarakat, perempuan kadang menjadi sasaran dalam kekerasan yang mana dianggap sebagai kaum yang lemah dan tidak memiliki kuasa, dikriminasi dan sebordinasi peran antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam kehidupan berkeluarga, bermasyarakat dan bergereja, misalnya pengambilan keputusan yang masi didominasi oleh kaum laki-laki merupakan topic yang masi digumuli dalam konteks kehidupan bergereja. Melalui tulisan ini penulis mencoba melihat realitas perempuan dan peran mereka diruang publik, terutama peran mereka dalam lingkup pendidikan maupun dalam gereja yang oleh budaya patriarki sering dianggap sebagai pihak yang interior dan tidak memiliki kompetensi kepemimpinan seperti laki-laki
KESETARAAN GENDER DALAM LINGKUP PENDIDIKAN DAN DALAM PELAYANAN GEREJA
Authors: Sara Irianto
Published: December 2021

Kesetaraan Gender merupakan amanah dari setiap budaya, namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kesetaraan gender dalam masyarakat masi sulit terwujud, sala-satu alasan yang mendasari kesetaraan gender ialah masi dieluk-elukkan paham partiarki yang memandang laki-laki sebagai pihak dominan dan mengesampingkan peranan perempuan. Berangkat dari presepsi yang menganggap bahwa perempuan hanya disiapkan hanya untuk menjadi kepala dapur. Perempuan masi mengalami hambatan tersembunyi dalam masyarakat, perempuan kadang menjadi sasaran dalam kekerasan yang mana dianggap sebagai kaum yang lemah dan tidak memiliki kuasa, dikriminasi dan sebordinasi peran antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam kehidupan berkeluarga, bermasyarakat dan bergereja, misalnya pengambilan keputusan yang masi didominasi oleh kaum laki-laki merupakan topic yang masi digumuli dalam konteks kehidupan bergereja. Melalui tulisan ini penulis mencoba melihat realitas perempuan dan peran mereka diruang publik, terutama peran mereka dalam lingkup pendidikan maupun dalam gereja yang oleh budaya patriarki sering dianggap sebagai pihak yang interior dan tidak memiliki kompetensi kepemimpinan seperti laki-laki.
Agricultural Flood Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Quantification in Iowa
Authors: Yildirim Enes , Demir Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

Agricultural lands are often impacted by flooding, which results in economic losses and causes food insecurity across the world. Due to the world’s growing population, land-use alteration is frequently practiced to meet global demand. However, land-use changes combined with climate change have resulted in extreme hydrological changes (i.e., flooding and drought) in many areas. The state of Iowa has experienced several flooding events over the last couple of decades (e.g., 1993, 2008, 2014, 2016, 2019). Also, agribusiness is conducted across 85 percent of the state. In this research, we present a comprehensive assessment for agricultural flood risk in the state of Iowa utilizing most up-to-date flood inundation maps and crop layer raster datasets. The study analyzes the seasonal variation of the statewide agricultural flood risk by focusing on corn, soybean, and alfalfa crops. It also investigates the crop frequency layers and corn suitability rating datasets to reveal regions with lower or higher productivity ratings. Additionally, a terrain-based flood model is used to analyze performance against the FEMA maps. The research discusses the potential mitigation activities for the most vulnerable watersheds in the state. The analysis shows that nearly a half-million acres of cornfields and soybean fields are located in the 2-year flood zone. We also found that terrain-based flood maps are a reliable alternative for agricultural flood risk assessment based on their dynamic structure, rapid update capability, and performance compared to FEMA maps.
Pain Perception in Contact Sport Athletes: A Scoping Review
Authors: O'Farrell Amanda , Sauvé William , Bergevin Maxime , Cimadoro Giuseppe , D. Arvisais , Rainville Pierre , Pageaux Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Contact sports athletes are regularly facing acute physical pain in part of their practice. However, the literature investigating pain perception in these athletes remains scarce. This scoping review aimed to explore the literature surrounding pain perception in contact sport athletes and to compile and understand how it is studied. The search strategy consisted of using index terms and keywords in Medline, EMBASE, Sport-Discus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global search engines. Results revealed that a mix of team contact sports and combat sports are studied and included under the umbrella of contact sports. These athletes are being compared to non-athletes as well as athletes from non-contact sports. The cold pressor test and the pain pressure test are the two predominant methods used to investigate physical pain. This review highlights the need to clearly define sports based on contact levels expected in play to better define the types of pain athletes are facing in their practice. Athlete’s level of play as well as years of experience should also be more rigorously reported. While contact sport athletes seem to have a higher level of pain tolerance than both active controls and non-contact athletes, the methods of pain testing are not always justified and appropriate in relation to the pain induced during contact sports. Future experimental studies should use pain testing methods relevant to the pain experienced during contact sports and better justify the rationale for the choice of these methods.
Motivations and Emotions Behind Guru Seeking: A Case Study of Thakur Anukulchandra in Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Mohapatra Soumya
Published: December 2021

This article explores why people seek out a religious guru, with special reference to Thakur Anukulchandra and his followers in contemporary urban settings of Bhubaneswar, Odisha in India. Through an ethnographic approach, this article examines the expectations of the devotees while seeking out spirituality and what kind of emotions people go through in this process, i.e. their hopes, disappointments, social bonds created with the guru and other followers. It looks at why the followers of this tradition are attracted to this particular ideology, philosophy and its relevance in an urbane setting. The study’s rationale is to explore the complex emotional bond between the guru and the followers, the narratives of devotion, accounts of miracles performed, indices of anxiety, and the nature of well-being. Findings suggest that Thakur’s sect provides people with a meaning and purpose in life and a personal connection with the charismatic guru that helps them tide over various existential crises. By making connections between the past and the present, the organization tries to anchor people’s lives and experiences.
Financial Rewards and Job Commitment Among Public Secondary School Teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Bawalla Oluwatoyin Gbenga , Adenugba Adebimpe A.
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to examine the effects of financial rewards on job commitment among public secondary school teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on the interpretative meaning of expectancy theory. The sample consisted of 750 public secondary school teachers drawn from the three senatorial districts of Ogun State. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics and types of financial rewards available to public secondary school teachers in Ogun State. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The hypothesis stipulated was analyzedusing Pearson product moment. The study found out that prompt payment of teachers’ salaries induce higher commitment to teaching, public school teachers were not satisfied with the government remuneration and there was positive and strong relationship between financial rewards and teachers job commitment (r = 0.74). The study concluded that there is significant relationship between financial rewards and teachers’ job commitment. The authors recommended that the government should provide a special salary structure for government secondary school teachers like their counterparts in other professions since they are disputably the most significant group of professionals for any nation’s economy.
Interview with Professor Om Gurung
Authors: Khattri Man Bahadur , Subedi Madhusudan
Published: December 2021

Professor Om Gurung is a senior anthropologist, an influencing intellectual, and a prominent public leader in Nepal. He served Tribhuvan University as a professor of anthropology for 36 years and headed the Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology for 13 years. Professor Gurung did his M. A. in History from Tribhuvan University in 1975, M. A. in anthropology from the University of Poona in 1980, and Ph. D. in Anthropology from Cornell University of Ithaca, New York in 1996. He is one of the founding members of the Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology at Tribhuvan University of Nepal. He has served as a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Liverpool John Moores University in the UK, Lille University in France, and the University of Sichuan in China. He is a visiting research fellow at the University of Bergen, Norway, and a guest lecturer at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, Oxford University, UK, China Institute of New School University, New York, the University of Mons, Belgium, the University of Heidelberg, Germany and Chinese University in Hong Kong. Professor Gurung was heavily engaged in various social, professional, and political organizations. He has made substantial scholarly and social contributions to the understanding of social and political issues of Nepal. As a promising intellectual leader of ethnic rights and politics of social inclusion in Nepal, he raised socio-political awareness among indigenous peoples of Nepal and mobilized them to assert their ethnic identity and cultural rights. He has a deep commitment to the development of anthropology and Nepali people.
Permanent First Molars Clinical Status among School Children Aged 8-12 Years in Kathmandu
Authors: Khapung Anju , Rao G. Nagaraja , Shrestha Sujita
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Common oral diseases affecting school children are dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusion. Teeth mostly affected by dental caries in permanent dentition of children are the permanent first molars. Permanent first molars are key factors in occlusion and are most susceptible to dental caries. They maintain arch perimeter and provide best anchorage. Loss of these teeth leads to various problems like space management, tooth migration, problem in mastication and malocclusion.

Objective: To assess the clinical status of first permanent molars among 8-12 year school children of Kathmandu.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 220 schoolchildren of age 8-12 years randomly selected from 2 private and 2 public schools of Kathmandu. Dental caries, gingival and oral hygiene status were measured by Decayed Missing Filled teeth (DMFT) index, Gingival index and Oral hygiene index-Simplified (OHI-S) respectively. Data was entered in Epidata 3.1 and analyzed in SPSS version 20.

Results: The prevalence of dental caries in first permanent molars for study population was 54.5%. Mean DMFT score of first permanent molars was 0.96+1.2. Out of 867 molars examined, 197 (22.7%) were decayed. 98.5% of molars were erupted. Among the total study population, 184 (83.6%) had fair oral hygiene and 203 (83%) had gingivitis.

Conclusions: This study shows the need to improve oral health status of first permanent molars of school children through promotion of dental health awareness and curative public health measures at school level.
Anterior Crowns in Pediatric Dentistry: A Review
Authors: Shrestha Sneha , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta , Birajee Gajendra
Published: December 2021

Anterior crowns have undoubtedly become one of the best discoveries in the field of pediatric dentistry today. There is a wide variation in the parental demand, availability and usage of pediatric anterior crowns worldwide. With the availability of a variety of anterior crowns in the market for children, the choice of selection is a question at hand for all the pediatric dentists. Continued update about these crowns will enhance our understanding about the topic and facilitate promotion of good clinical practice. Hence this review intends to highlight on all the anterior pediatric crowns available along with their recent advances. Evidence was collected via systematic searches through electronic databases, Pubmed and Google scholar.
Conservative Management of Ankyloglossia by Diode Laser: A Case Report
Authors: Gyawali Namrata , Sundas Sunanda , Sah Barun Kumar , Dhakal Neha
Published: December 2021

Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a congenital condition that results when the inferior lingual frenulum is too short and is attached to the tip of the tongue, limiting its normal movements. Ankyloglossia can lead to different problems such as difficulties in breastfeeding, speech impediments, poor oral hygiene, malocclusion, inability to deglutition, thus being an undesired problem in normal life activity. Among various methods of treatment of ankyloglossia, laser-assisted lingual frenotomy is the simplest, safest, and less traumatic with the most promising results. Here, a case of ankyloglossia and its management by frenotomy with diode laser is reported in a four-year-old female child. After performing partial frenectomy (frenotomy) using a diode laser of 980nm there was an immediate tongue protrusion and slight improvement of phonetics of the patient immediately and altogether improved after six months.
Literackie patrzenie rękami. Młodzi bohaterowie literaccy z niepełnosprawnościami — zaproszenie do dialogu
Authors: Skoczek Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Autorka artykułu jego tematem czyni występujących w literaturze dla dzieci i młodzieży bohaterów z niepełnosprawnościami. Przekonuje, by omawiać utwory literackie, których bohaterami są osoby z niepełnosprawnościami, a dzięki temu na lekcjach poruszać temat odmienności i tego, że inny nie znaczy gorszy. W artykule przedstawiła dwie książki: O Kamilu, który patrzy rękami Tomasza Małkowskiego oraz Wyspę mojej siostry Katarzyny Ryrych, do których można sięgnąć podczas lekcji języka polskiego w szkole podstawowej. Postać z jednego utworu cechuje się niepełnosprawnością sensoryczną, a druga – intelektualną. Ważne jest również ukazanie różnych rodzajów niepełnosprawności. Każdy z nas jest inny, mamy odmienną wrażliwość, ale nikt nie jest gorszy.
Uwagi językoznawcy o kompetencjach odpornościowych (na podstawie profesji nauczyciela akademickiego)
Authors: Strawińska Anetta Bogusława
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest próba usytuowania nieznanego współczesnym leksykografom (a tym samym kłopotliwego) pojęcia „kompetencje odpornościowe” w dyskursie dotyczącym kompetencji modelowego nauczyciela — nauczyciela akademickiego przyszłości. Umiejętności rezyliencyjne umożliwiają „odnalezienie się” w nowej, zmiennej przestrzeni społecznej. W sytuacji zagrożenia pandemicznego rozwijanie kompetencji odpornościowych niezależnie od profesji nie podlega dyskusji. W zawodzie współczesnego nauczyciela, także akademickiego, wzmacnianie rezyliencji zdaje się wręcz koniecznością — kompetencje odpornościowe zapewniają sprawne realizowanie procesu dydaktycznego na odległość, niewątpliwie ułatwiają sprostanie wyjątkowym wymaganiom edukacyjnym w czasach pandemii.