bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROPERTY MANAGEMENT ENABLED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE POST COVID-19: AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW AND FUTURE PROPOSITIONS
Authors: Naz Farheen , Kumar Anil , Upadhyay Arvind , Chokshi Hemakshi , Trinkūnas Vaidotas , Magda Robert
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic outbreak across the globe has disrupted human life and industry. The pandemic has affected every sector, with the real estate sector facing particular challenges. During the pandemic, property management became a crucial task and property managers were challenged to control risks and disruptions faced by their organizations. Recent innovative technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), have supported many sectors through sudden disruptions; this study was performed to examine the role of AI in the real estate and property management (PM) sectors. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted using structural topic modeling and bibliometric analysis. Using appropriate keywords, the researchers found 175 articles on AI and PM research from 1980 to 2021 in the SCOPUS database. A bibliometric analysis was performed to identify research trends. Structural topic modelling (STM) identified ten emerging thematic topics in AI and PM. A comprehensive framework is proposed, and future research directions discussed.
Spectral Line Depth Variability in Radial Velocity Spectra
Authors: Wise Alexander , Plavchan Peter , Dumusque Xavier , Cegla Heather , Wright Duncan
Published: May 2022

Stellar active regions, including spots and faculae, can create radial velocity (RV) signals that interfere with the detection and mass measurements of low-mass exoplanets. In doing so, these active regions affect each spectral line differently, but the origin of these differences is not fully understood. Here we explore how spectral line variability correlated with S-index (Ca H and K emission) is related to the atomic properties of each spectral line. Next, we develop a simple analytic stellar atmosphere model that can account for the largest sources of line variability with S-index. Then, we apply this model to HARPS spectra of α Cen B to explain Fe i line depth changes in terms of a disk-averaged temperature difference between active and quiet regions on the visible hemisphere of the star. This work helps establish a physical basis for understanding how stellar activity manifests differently in each spectral line and may help future work mitigating the impact of stellar activity on exoplanet RV surveys.
Risk Factors of Infant Diarrhea and Under-five Children Diarrhea
Authors: Kurniawan Ardhiles Wahyu , Nursalam Nursalam , Devy Shrimarti Rukmini , Ahsan Ahsan , Astutik Erni , Nurbadriyah Wiwit , Hastuti Apriyani Puji
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Infant and under-five children diarrhea in Indonesia is a health problem that seriously impacts death.

AIM: The main objective of this study was to determine the most significant factors that influence infant and under-five children diarrhea between the years 2012 and 2017.

METHODS: This study used data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey of 2012 and 2017 with a cross-sectional design. We modeled the infant and under-five of age children diarrhea as categorical dependent variable (diarrhea vs. no diarrhea of the infant and under-five of age children). At the same time, 14 covariates are used as an independent variable using χ2 statistic and multiple logistic regression (MLR).

FINDINGS: For infant diarrhea, television as an information resources showed the highest positive coefficient (OR = 1.966; β = 3.35; and p = 0.001) significant covariate for 2012. Higher mother education was negative correlation (β = –2.31 and p = 0.021) for infant diarrhea in 2017. For under-five children diarrhea, reading newspaper and magazine < 1 a week showed positive coefficients (OR = 1.059; β = 2.62; and p = 0.009) for 2012. Sex of household head female showed the highest positive coefficient (OR = 1.387; β = 2.82; and p = 0.005) for under-five children diarrhea in 2017.

CONCLUSIONS: The finding has important policy implications for infant and under-five of age diarrhea intervention programs. Thus, activities focus on the proper hygienic toilet, improving health information from newspapers, magazines, and TV.
Difference of Anxiety Subscale and Depression Score in Methamphetamine Abuse Prior and after Abstinence Over the Course of Three Weeks in Rehabilitation Center of Medan Plus
Authors: Wibisono Yusuf , Camellia Vita , Loebis Bahagia
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Clinical effect of amphetamine is related to the release of central monoamine in such a long period of time which leads to enhanced stimulation of sympathetic nervous system. Abstinence is defined as a period of restraint in which no substance is used. Anxiety and depression are most common psychiatry problem related to methamphetamine usage that has to be addressed in rehabilitation effort of methamphetamine abuse.

AIM: This study is to investigate the difference of anxiety subscale and depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale [HADS]) in methamphetamine abuse prior and after abstinence over the course of 3 weeks in rehabilitation center of Medan Plus.

METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with pre- and post-test design. Sample used in this research was generated through consecutive sampling, part of non-probability sampling, in which 30 subjects that are individuals with methamphetamine abuse were recruited in Rehabilitation Centre of Medan Plus, North Sumatera. Measurement was conducted to assist the effect of 3 weeks abstinence on HADS core. In the other hand, assessment smoking and substance involvement screening test was also used to investigate the length of substance usage.

RESULTS: Our study found a significant difference between anxiety and depression symptoms score prior and after 3 weeks abstinence in methamphetamine user (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Following abstinence, several clinical symptoms were seen to be resolved or decreased within the first couple of weeks, including symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Predicting Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery – The Added Value of Echocardiography
Authors: Gjerakaroska-Radovikj Marija , Papestiev Vasil , Jovev Sashko
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent rhythmic complication in cardiac surgery with the potential to cause sudden hemodynamic instability and catastrophic thromboembolic complications. Despite vast scientific research, it is still hard to predict and prevents its occurrence.
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether selected pre-operative and intraoperative echocardiographic variables would be of added value in POAF prediction.
МАTERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective observational follow-up study included 178 cardiac surgery patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft intervention. Demographic as well as echocardiographic variables of interest were examined to detect significant independent predictors for POAF.
RESULTS: POAF was detected in 90 (50.56%) patients versus 88 (49.44%) patients without POAF. Patients who developed POAF were significantly older and burdened with multiple comorbidities. In multiple regression analysis pre-operative echocardiographic variables-diastolic dysfunctions, enlarged left atrial (LA) volume indexed for body surface area, mitral annular calcification, and secondary mitral regurgitation were predictive of POAF. LA appendage flow velocity obtained by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was also a significant intraoperative predictor for POAF.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirmed that two-dimensional echocardiography is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool in relation to POAF. The addition of the aforementioned echocardiographic independent predictors to traditional demographic variables could be a solid foundation of a new predictive model for POAF.
Synthesis, docking study, and structure activity relationship of novel anti-tumor 1, 2, 4 triazole derivatives incorporating 2-(2, 3- dimethyl aminobenzoic acid) moiety
Authors: Alsaad Hiba , Kubba Ammar , Tahtamouni Lubna H. , Hamzah Ali H.
Published: May 2022

A series of 1,2,4 triazole derivatives (H7-12) have been synthesized by reacting an excess of hydrazine hydrate with carbothioamide derivatives (H1-6). The final compounds (HB1-HB6) were synthesized by reacting the triazole derivatives with mefenamic acid using DCC as a coupling agent. The chemical structures were confirmed by FT-IR,1H, and13C-NMR spectra, and some physicochemical properties were determined. The cytotoxicity of the different compounds (HB1-HB6) was evaluated by the MTT assay against two human epithelial cancer cell lines, A549 lung carcinoma and Hep G2 hepatocyte carcinoma, and one normal human cell line WI-38 lung fibroblasts. The mode of cell killing (apoptosis versus necrosis), as well as the effect on cell cycle phases were evaluated via flow cytometry. Additionally, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition assay was performed. The results presented in the current study indicate that the six tested compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against both cancer cell lines, and the lowest IC50was achieved with compound HB5 against Hep G2 cancer cells which was found to be highly selective against cancer cells. HB5-treated Hep G2 cells were arrested at the S and G2/M cell cycle phases. Compound HB5 caused cell killing via apoptosis rather than necrosis, and this was achieved by inhibiting EGFR tyrosine kinase activity needed for cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression. In silicopre-ADMET studies confirmed all final compounds don’t cause CNS side effects, with little liver dysfunction effect.
Re-establishment of Silene neglecta Ten. (Caryophyllaceae) with taxonomic notes on some related taxa
Authors: Sáez Llorenç , Mesbah Melilia , López-Alvarado Javier , Bacchetta Gianluigi , El Mokni Ridha , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Oxelman Bengt
Published: May 2022

Silene neglecta has been misunderstood and confused with S. nocturna, although several morphological characters (petal shape, calyx indumentum, hairiness of stamen filaments, seed size, seed-coat surface and shape) allow separation of these species. Moreover, S. mutabilis (which has been considered conspecific with S. neglecta) and S. martinolii (an alleged endemic species to south-western Sardinia) are considered here as taxonomic synonyms of S. nocturna and S. neglecta, respectively. These taxonomic conclusions are strongly supported by multivariate morphometric analyses of 21 characters.
Méthodes de gestion des résultats et affiliation politique des dirigeants
Authors: Arslan-Ayaydin Özgür , Thewissen James , Torsin Wouter
Published: May 2022

Cet article cherche à savoir si l’aversion au risque des dirigeants – estimée sur la base de leur affiliation politique – explique la méthode utilisée pour gérer les résultats. Nous soutenons que, même si la gestion réelle des résultats peut avoir des conséquences à long terme sur les performances de l’entreprise, les dirigeants républicains ont tendance à préférer la gestion réelle des résultats à la gestion des résultats par les choix comptables, puisque la première entraîne des coûts liés au risque de litiges bien moindres que la seconde et est bien plus difficile à détecter. Sur la base d’un échantillon de plus de 20 000 observations annuelles d’entreprises, nous avons constaté que les entreprises dirigées par des Républicains (ayant une plus forte aversion au risque) ont tendance à gérer leurs résultats par manipulation des activités réelles, tandis que celles dirigées par des Démocrates (davantage tournés vers la prise de risques) ont tendance à favoriser la gestion des résultats par les choix comptables. Nous montrons également que la relation positive (négative) des dirigeants de penchant républicain à la gestion réelle des résultats (par les choix comptables) est plus positive (moins négative) pour les dirigeants dont la rémunération dépend davantage de la prise de risques.
Dans les marges de l’action publique
Authors: Frau Caroline , Taiclet Anne-France
Published: May 2022

Résumé L’analyse des relais de l’action publique prolonge l’exploration des chaînes d’intermédiation de l’action publique en focalisant son attention sur des formes de délégation non instituée, informelle, sans cahier des charges, qui font intervenir, parfois malgré eux, des acteurs dont les pratiques de travail assurent la circulation de l’action publique jusqu’au « niveau de la rue ». Envisager une gamme diversifiée de façons inégalement volontaires, conscientes et appliquées de relayer l’action publique, par des professionnels dont l’activité n’est pas dédiée à ce rôle et qui l’occupent de manière plus ou moins contrainte et en marge de la définition principale de leur métier, permet d’élargir le spectre des acteurs et des situations d’intermédiation de l’action publique. Pris dans des logiques publiques, professionnelles et individuelles souvent contradictoires, ces relais, à la fois récepteurs et retransmetteurs, participent à la définition pratique de l’action publique. Leurs situations charnières donnent une acuité nouvelle à l’analyse des fondements et des manifestations de la latitude d’action des intermédiaires de l’action publique. Surtout, le regard porté aux activités réalisées dans les marges de l’action publique enrichit la compréhension des modalités complexes de diffusion des normes étatiques vers les populations gouvernées et des agencements sociaux qui fondent l’exercice et la portée de la puissance publique.
La socialisation au féminisme des étudiant·es par les médias après #MeToo
Authors: Albenga Viviane
Published: May 2022

La socialisation au féminisme par les médias est un sujet dont l’acuité se renforce depuis le hashtag MeToo. Dans ce contexte, nous montrerons comment certains médias ont pu participer à la socialisation politique au féminisme d’étudiant·es. En replaçant ces effets socialisateurs par rapport aux socialisations familiales et nationales et à l’expérience des violences sexistes, l’article met en évidence que certains médias ont pu agir comme un processus de transformation de dispositions incorporées en dispositions politique. Nous analyserons ensuite les usages politiques de médias en termes de participation et d’information : d’une part, les usages des comptes Instagram féministes ; d’autre part, les effets de la combinaison d’informations politiques généralistes par les réseaux sociaux et Internet aussi bien que la radio et la télévision. Ce dernier usage diversifié est le fait d’étudiant·es avec un capital culturel plus élevé qui se réfèrent davantage à l’histoire du mouvement féministe et de sa production théorique.
Agrocarburants : impacts au Sud ?
Authors: Ariza-Montobbio Pere , Lele Sharachchandra , Kallis Giorgos , Martinez-Alier Joan , Carlier Marielle
Published: May 2022

En dépit de l’entreprise de légitimation du développement des plantations de jatropha pour la production de biodiesel en Inde, les résultats enregistrés dans l’État du Tamil Nadu ne plaident pas en faveur de cette option agricole et énergétique. La marginalisation des petits paysans et des cultures vivrières invalide de facto le double argument officiel de « valorisation des terres incultes » et de « lutte contre la pauvreté ».
Hopf bifurcation analysis in a delayed diffusive predator-prey system with nonlocal competition and schooling behavior
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Huang Wufei , Ma Jiaxin , Yang Ruizhi
Published: May 2022

We consider a delayed diffusive predator-prey system with nonlocal competition in prey and schooling behavior in predator. We mainly study the local stability and Hopf bifurcation at the positive equilibrium by using time delay as the parameter. We also analyze the property of Hopf bifurcation by center manifold theorem and normal form method. Through the numerical simulation, we obtain that time delay can affect the stability of the positive equilibrium and induce spatial inhomogeneous periodic oscillations of prey and predator's population densities. In addition, we observe that the increase of space area will not be conducive to the stability of the positive equilibrium $ (u_*, v_*) $, and may induce the inhomogeneous periodic oscillations of prey and predator's population densities under some values of the parameters.
1-parameter formal deformations and abelian extensions of Lie color triple systems
Authors: Li Qiang , Ma Lili
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to discuss Lie color triple systems. The cohomology theory of Lie color triple systems is established, then 1-parameter formal deformations and abelian extensions of Lie color triple systems are studied using cohomology.
Laplace transform ordering of bivariate inactivity times
Authors: Shrahili Mansour , Kayid Mohamed
Published: May 2022

In this paper we consider the Laplace transform of the bivariate inactivity time. We show that a weak bivariate reversed hazard rate order is characterized by the Laplace transform of the bivariate inactivity times in two different frames. The results are used to characterize the weak bivariate reversed hazard rate order using the weak bivariate mean inactivity time order. The results are also used to characterize the decreasing bivariate reversed hazard rate property using the Laplace transform of the bivariate inactivity time.
O ensino em tempos de pandemia da covid-19: um olhar das experiências do fazer pedagógico remoto
Authors: Gomes Iara Rafaela , Firmino Dantas Átila , Barbosa Tiago Fernando Gomes
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo traz como objetivo discutir e analisar as experiências no fazer pedagógico remoto à luz das legislações produzidas em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19. Tomam-se como pontos de partida as orientações preconizadas em órgãos educacionais, como também as observações empíricas dessas práticas no âmbito escolar. No tocante à metodologia de análise, utilizou-se da abordagem qualitativa, nos remetendo às narrativas, experiências e à análise de documentos oficiais como procedimento para compreensão do fenômeno que ainda se encontra em pleno curso. Em face das restrições impostas pela pandemia e da demanda urgente pela necessidade da não paralisação do ensino, os órgãos competentes passaram a produzir documentos de orientação para os sistemas de ensino públicos e privados visando a continuidade das aulas. Desse modo, a comunidade escolar passou a incorporar em sua rotina plataformas digitais e recursos até então não utilizados no ensino presencial, de modo a permitir a autonomia na gestão dos conteúdos e a incorporação de uma didática ligada à virtualização da aprendizagem. Assim, a flexibilização das medidas relacionadas à extensão do ano letivo, a incorporação em um continuum, associado a uma interação de plataformas digitais foram elementos que proporcionaram um novo momento no fazer pedagógico brasileiro. Em sincronia a tudo isso, materializou-se um conjunto de ações preconizadas em documentos nacionais e internacionais de acesso ao ambiente virtual como uma possibilidade de dialogar com as competências e habilidades da educação no século XXI.
Erosividade da bacia hidrográfica do rio Santa Maria (RS): tendências e espacialização
Authors: Petsch Carina , Sanches Fábio de Oliveira , Sccoti Anderson Augusto Volpato , Trentin Romario , Robaina Luís Eduardo de Souza , Amaral Eduardo Cunha do
Published: May 2022

A erosividade da chuva é um dos principais fatores desencadeadores da erosão. Diante disso, os objetivos desta pesquisa são calcular, espacializar, estimar o tempo de retorno e encontrar tendências de aumento da erosividade anual e mensal na bacia hidrográfica do rio Santa Maria (RS) - BHRSM. A análise da erosividade foi realizada com base em dados pluviométricos diários, no período de 1986-2019, de sete estações meteorológicas (EM). Foi utilizada uma equação de regressão de Bazzano et al. (2007) para Quaraí (RS) para transformação da precipitação diária em escalas de segundos para cálculo da erosividade. A espacialização dos dados foi realizada pelo método de interpolação IDW do SIG QGIS 3.4. A erosividade média anual da BHRSM (fator R da EUPS) é de ~11.979 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.ano-1, sendo classificada como “muito forte” e se concentrando no período de outubro-maio (73%), justamente o período em que acontece o plantio, desenvolvimento e colheita das culturas temporárias. O mês de abril é o de maior potencial erosivo, com 1.650 MJ.mm.ha-1.h- 1.mês- 1. A maior taxa de erosividade anual, de 24.868,89 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.ano-1, apresentou tempo de retorno estimado de 35 anos, com probabilidade de ocorrência de 2,85%. Os valores de tendências de erosividade mais elevados foram encontrados entre os anos de 2010 e 2019 em 6 das 7 EM. Por fim, salienta-se que a erosão linear com formação de voçorocas já foi identificada por vários autores na BHRSM, principalmente em sua porção norte, e a estação com maiores valores erosivos se localiza justamente nessa área.
Perda de solos em bacias hidrográficas da microrregião do Vão do Paranã – GO
Authors: Carneiro Ana Flávia Soares , Faria Karla Maria Silva de , Rosa Lucas Espíndola
Published: May 2022

O processo de uso e ocupação dos solos no Cerrado provocou grandes mudanças no equilíbrio ambiental do bioma, se refletindo em forma de diversos impactos ambientais. Dentro destes, está a perda de solos por erosão. Apesar de ainda apresentar grandes porções de vegetação nativa quando comparada ao restante do estado, a microrregião do Vão do Paranã em Goiás possui características ímpares de atributos físicos, o que a torna palco de grandes degradações quando associada à má utilização antrópica. Com a pretensão utilizar-se a metodologia da Equação Universal de Perda de solos – USLE para estimativa de perda anual de solo nas bacias hidrográficas do rio São Domingos e rio Corrente, no Vão do Paranã, foram analisados previamente os atributos hipsometria, declividade, solos e uso e cobertura dos solos nos anos de 1985 e 2015. Observou-se de antemão nesta etapa uma maior concentração de atributos que expressavam vulnerabilidade ambiental na bacia do rio São Domingos, que foi constatada também com a análise dos parâmetros morfométricos e com a aplicação da USLE, já que esta apresentou (apesar de pequena) uma maior estimativa de perda anual de solos, comparada à bacia do rio Corrente. Este fato possivelmente pode estar relacionado à presença de Unidades de Conservação que podem estar minimizando o avanço da antropização e seus possíveis impactos ambientais na região.
Exercício físico para o tratamento do câncer: evidências científicas e o contexto brasileiro
Authors: Deminice Rafael
Published: May 2022

Sabe-se hoje que a atividade e o exercício físico são capazes de prevenir o aparecimento de diferentes tipos de câncer, aumentar a sobrevida e a qualidade de vida, além de amenizar os efeitos adversos causados pelo câncer e seu tratamento. Assim, a recomendação atual é que todo indivíduo com câncer deve ser encorajado a manter-se ativo, iniciar a prática de exercícios ou continuar se exercitando após o diagnóstico da doença, ao contrário da recomendação de 20 anos atrás de “descansar e evitar esforços físicos”. De fato, o exercício físico é considerado hoje, uma ferramenta completa, barata, isenta de efeitos colaterais, segura e relativamente simples de ser incorporada no contexto do tratamento do câncer. Entretanto, o Brasil não tem contribuído e não está inserido na agenda para transformar o exercício físico como parte do tratamento oncológico. Esta revisão de literatura tem o objetivo de apresentar as principais evidências científicas sobre uso do exercício físico nas diversas fases do tratamento do câncer e as mais recentes contribuições para o desenvolvimento da prescrição do exercício físico em pacientes oncológicos, além de discutir os principais desafios e perspectivas futuras para a área de exercício físico em oncologia, considerando o contexto brasileiro.
Prevalência de lesões traumato-ortopédicas em atletas de basquetebol em cadeira de rodas
Authors: Moleta Vargas Thaiane , Vargas Leandro Martinez , Scheifer Elias , Kluthcovsky Ana Claudia Garabeli Cavalli , Pedroso Bruno
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a prevalência de lesões traumato-ortopédicas e fatores associados em atletas inscritos na Federação Paranaense de Basquete em Cadeira de Rodas no ano de 2017. Participaram da pesquisa 58 atletas de Basquete em Cadeira de Rodas (BCR) com média de idade de 35,75 (±11,21) anos. Foram verificadas a frequência e a distribuição das lesões traumato-ortopédicas ocorridas nos últimos 12 meses por meio de um questionário adaptado do instrumento do Laboratório de Prevenção e Reabilitação de Lesões Esportivas e do instrumento da National Injury Recording System. A força e o sentido da associação entre a presença de lesões e fatores associados foram analisadas por meio do teste de regressão de Poisson. Todo o tratamento estatístico foi realizado com auxílio do programa SPSS, versão 15.0 for Windows. Foram encontradas associações significativas entre a presença de lesões e o tempo de prática do BCR, uso da cadeira de rodas, treinamento paralelo e uso de muleta ou bengala. Concluiu-se que são necessárias políticas públicas para o incentivo de projetos interdisciplinares, a fim de garantir o atendimento integral da pessoa com deficiência, considerando que a promoção da saúde física é uma das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Saúde da Pessoa com Deficiência.
Estimation of error followed by knowledge of results in a moderate or high frequency enhances motor learning and may avoid extrinsic feedback dependence
Authors: De Souza Fonseca Fabiano , Figueiredo Lucas Savassi , Andrade da Silva Lima Marílya , Da Silva Maciel Jaime , Gilo da Silva Drumond , Vitor Alves Pereira Fialho João
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to analyze how different schedules combining error estimation and relative frequency of extrinsic feedback affects motor learning. Fifty-two undergraduate students (30 males, 22 females) aged 18 to 35 years old (M = 21.15, SD = 2.97), all novices in the task, practiced a force-production task with different combinations between error estimation and relative frequency of knowledge of results. Four experimental conditions were compared: no error estimation with feedback after every trial; no error estimation with feedback every two trials; error estimation following by feedback after every trial-and-error estimation following feedback every two trials. The absolute force error analysis revealed a significant main effect for both feedback frequency [F(1, 76) = 4.209, p = 0.044, ηp2 = 0.52] and error estimation [F(1, 76) = 7.483, p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.77]. The constant force error analysis did not reveal a significant main effect for Error Estimation [F(1, 76) = 2.323, p = 0.132, ηp2 = 0.37], but did for Feedback Frequency [F(1, 76) = 8.481, p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.83]. Results showed superior learning of groups that combined error estimation following receiving feedback, regardless of feedback frequency. The association between error estimation and relative frequency of extrinsic feedback (high or moderate) seems to favor the development of error-detection mechanism, thus avoiding the effects of extrinsic feedback dependence, and consequently enhancing learning.
Is Age Related to Orthodontic Treatment?
Authors: Shekar Suma , Chandrashekar B R
Published: May 2022

In recent times, there is an increase in orthodontic patients due to changing trends in esthetic demand, improved socioeconomic status, and more social recognition. It can also be correlated with circulation of knowledge through the cyberspace, social media, and mass media. With increase in awareness toward orthodontic treatment, nowadays, there is an increase in adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Considering increase in demand for adult orthodontics, this paper aims to correlate age and orthodontic treatment.
Artificial intelligence in glaucoma
Authors: Nair Megha , Tagare Shivraj , Venkatesh Rengaraj , Odayappan Annamalai
Published: May 2022

Background:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that encompasses the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. It deals with the development algorithms that seek to simulate human brain and also mimic cognitive functions typically associated with the human mind such as learning and problem solving.

Purpose:

Do we need artificial intelligence in Glaucoma? Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness in the world. Its prevalence was over 60 million in 2010 and over 80 million by 2020. It is so common, yet so easily overlooked. More importantly, about 50% of patients in developed countries and 90% in developing countries are unaware of having glaucoma. Early detection can delay the progression of glaucoma. Hence the time is ripe to advovate glaucoma screening.

Synopsis:

The application of AI in ophthalmology mainly concentrates on the diseases with a high incidence, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related or congenital cataract etc AI involves mainly 1. machine learning that are algorithms with the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed and 2. deep learning in which artificial neural networks adapt and learn from vast amounts of data. But there are limitations to screening - such as disparity between ophthalmologist:patient ratio and also the availability of the specialty services. The large amount of data acquired from patients makes it nearly impossible for ophthalmologists to screen them with equal efficacy and consistency.

Highlights:

AI in glaucoma aims at including factors such as clinical data, genomic data, life style behaviors, risk factors, and medical history to predict the risk of developing glaucoma, help customise the most appropriate management protocol for a given patient, and estimate prognosis and surgical success.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/IwYS7wDMhkY
Pattern of uveitis from a tertiary eye care center in Himalayan belt of North India
Authors: Pandurangan Sneha , Samanta Ramanuj , Kumawat Devesh , Sood Gitanjli , Devi Thounaojam S , Agrawal Ajai
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To study the clinical characteristics of uveitis in patients presenting to a tertiary care institute in the northern part of India, predominantly serving the population of Himalayan belt.

Methods:

In this retrospective descriptive case series, data of 141 eyes of 102 patients diagnosed between January 2019 and January 2021 were analyzed. Patients were diagnosed, named, and meshed as per the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature. A panel of investigations (systemic and ocular ancillary investigations) were done, which was individualized according to the clinical picture.

Results:

The mean age of presentation was 39.1 ± 14.62 years. A male predominance (62.7%) was noted. Unilateral presentation was seen in 61.8% of patients. Specific etiological diagnosis was not reached in 56.7% of cases. The incidence of infectious and noninfectious uveitis was 23.4% and 19.9%, respectively. The frequency of anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis was 23.4%, 11.3%, 46.8%, and 18.5%, respectively. Posterior uveitis was the most frequent anatomical location (46.8%). Tuberculous uveitis was the most common definitive etiology irrespective of location (18.5%). Anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis were more frequently idiopathic in origin. Sympathetic ophthalmitis was the most common cause for panuveitis.

Conclusion:

Uveitis significantly affected the working age group population. Despite the evolution of diagnostic investigations, etiology remained unknown in many cases of uveitis. Infectious etiology was more common. Posterior uveitis as the most frequent anatomical location in our study may be attributed to the tertiary care referral bias.
Ophthalmology practice in COVID-19 pandemic: Performance of rapid antigen test versus real time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in a tertiary eye care institute in South India
Authors: Sarkar Sandip , Deb Amit Kumar , Singh Rakesh , Dhodapakar Rahul , Gokhale Tanmay , Kaliaperumal Subashini
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To assess the rapid antigen test (RAT) against the gold standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to screen COVID-19 infection in asymptomatic patients undergoing ophthalmic procedures.

Methods:

This was a retrospective hospital-based study. Point-of-care (PoC) RAT was performed using nasopharyngeal swab, while RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was performed using both nasopharyngeal and throat swabs.

Results:

A total of 629 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by using both RAT and RT-PCR. Only one patient had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with both RAT and RT-PCR, while two patients had tested positive with RT-PCR after an initial negative RAT. The positivity rate for RAT was 0.15% (1/629), and that for RT-PCR was 0.47%. Percent agreement or proportion of agreement observed between the two tests was 99.68%, while Cohen’s kappa coefficient value was 0.49. The sensitivity of RAT in comparison to RT-PCR was 33.33%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100%, and negative predictive value was 99.68%.

Conclusion:

The sensitivity and Cohen’s kappa coefficient in our study were low but that can be attributed to the overall low positivity rates with both RAT and RT-PCR. However, percent agreement observed between the two tests was very high. Therefore, we recommend initial screening of all the patients for COVID-19 symptoms followed by RAT before performing any ophthalmic surgical procedure to ensure the safety of the health care professionals as well as the patients.
Assessing contrast sensitivity change in retinal diseases with use of yellow-amber NoIR glasses
Authors: Sodhi Punita Kumari , Gautam Akanksha , Sharma Nandini , Rustagi Ruchir , Jaisingh Kirti , Sodhi Ramneeq Singh
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to assess change of contrast sensitivity (CS) in subjects having retinal diseases with yellow-amber no infrared (NoIR) glasses used as low vision aid (LVA).

Methods:

We examined CS in 82 low vision (LV) subjects having retinal diseases with Pelli Robson Chart at 1 m distance before and after wearing yellow-amber NoIR glasses. We also found type of retinal affection and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) features.

Results:

The distance and near best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was, respectively, 0.68 ± 0.17 (median = 0.70) and 0.72 ± 0.25 (median = 0.70) logmar units. The pre-LVA CS was 0.52 ± 0.29 (median = 0.3) and post- LVA was 0.52 ± 0.28 (median = 0.45) logunits (mean reduction = -0.002 ± 0.24; Median reduction = 0; P = 0.909). The pre-LVA and post-LVA CS showed a negative correlation with logmar distance BCVA [r = -0.090; P = 0.317 and r = -0.152; P = 0.090 respectively]. The pre-LVA and post-LVA CS showed a negative correlation with logmar near BCVA [r = -0.114; P = 0.207 and r = -0.054; P = 0.549 respectively]. The CS did not improve in subjects having macular degeneration, pathological myopia, hereditary maculopathy, and diabetic retinopathy. The macular OCT features like fluid, exudates, scars, drusens, traction, and hole did not significantly influence CS both at pre-LVA and post-LVA stage.

Conclusion:

This is the first study with yellow-amber NoIR glasses which blocks “both ultraviolet and infrared light.” The subjects having macular degeneration, pathological myopia, hereditary maculopathy, and diabetic retinopathy did not improve in CS with filters. The correlation values showed that filters may improve CS in subjects having good baseline BCVA.
Analysis of COVID-19 publications in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology during two years of the pandemic and their impact on ophthalmic literature
Authors: Gurnani Bharat , Kaur Kirandeep
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To perform a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 publications published in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO) during the two years of the pandemic and to study their impact on ophthalmic literature.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed of all expedited COVID-19 articles published in IJO from April 2020 to March 2022. The data was obtained from the official website of IJO, editor IJO monthly emails, and PubMed database. The data was then extracted as XML into Microsoft Access for scientometric analysis. The expedited articles were segregated into different categories: original, review, case report/series, letter to the editor, commentary, current ophthalmology, consensus criteria, perspective, innovations, ophthalmic images, photoessays, research methodology, and surgical techniques. The monthly data was analyzed and COVID-19 articles were assessed for subspecialty-wise distribution, number of citations, monthly growth rate, and their impact on ophthalmic literature.

Results:

A total of 431 COVID-19 related articles were published during the study period. The majority of the articles were letters to the editor (158, 36.65%) followed by original articles (97, 22.50%), and commentaries (53, 12.29%). The least were perspectives and ophthalmic images (2, 0.46%) each followed by consensus criteria (1, 0.23%). The maximum publications came in July 2020 (44, 10.20%) followed by December 2021 (37, 8.58%) and October 2021 (36, 8.35%), and the least were in April 2020 (1, 0.23%). Considering subspecialty, a majority of the articles were related to general ophthalmology (156, 36.19%), and the least was in oncology (2, 0.46%). The maximum number of citations were attracted by original articles (97, 1146 (11.81)), which were approximately 1.5 times higher than the letters to the editor (158, 743 (4.70)) and 3 times higher than review articles (9, 387 (43)). Among specialties, the maximum number of citations were gathered by general ophthalmology (156, 1320 (8.46)) followed by oculoplasty (36, 592 (16.44)) due to the concurrent mucormycosis epidemic.

Conclusion:

IJO opened a window of opportunity for authors by publishing quality expedited articles. Evidence-based orbital mucormycosis and general ophthalmology publications gathered most of the attention due to their heterogeneous presentation. The peak of the first wave (June–July 2020) and the October and December 2021 issues had maximum number of COVID-19 articles.
A short-term chick embryo in vivo xenograft model to study retinoblastoma cancer stem cells
Authors: Nair Rohini M , L Revu Narayana V , Gali Sucharita , Kallamadi Prathap Reddy , Prabhu Varsha , Manukonda Radhika , Nemani Harishankar , Kaliki Swathi , K Vemuganti Geeta
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) reported in various tumors play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and metastasis of retinoblastoma (Rb). Following the efforts to reduce, replace, and refine the use of mammalian models, we aimed to establish a short-term xenograft for Rb to evaluate the CSC properties of CD133- Rb Y79 cells, using the well-established chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CE-CAM) assay.

Methods:

Y79 cells were cultured, labeled with two different dyes (CM-Dil Y79 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)) and sorted for CD133- and CD133 + subsets. Two million cells from each of the labeled groups were transplanted onto the abraded CAM on embryonic day 7 (E7). On E14, the tumor nodule formation on CAM and spontaneous metastasis to the embryos were evaluated by confocal microscopy, in vivo imaging, and histology.

Results:

Y79 cells formed pink–white raised perivascular nodules with feeder vessels on the CAM with both the types of labeled CD133- cells. CD133- cells, when compared to CD133 + cells, demonstrated significantly larger tumor volume (40.45 ± 7.744 mm3 vs 3.478 ± 0.69 mm3, P = 0.0014) and higher fluorescence intensity (CM-Dil: AUF = 6.37 × 107 ± 7.7 × 106 vs 1.08 × 107 ± 1.6 × 106; P < 0.0001; eGFP: AUF = 13.94 × 104 ± 2.54 × 104 vs AUF = 1.39 × 104 ± 0.4 × 104; P = 0.0003). The metastatic potential of CD133- cells was also observed to be higher as noted by in vivo imaging and histopathology.

Conclusion:

This study highlights that CE-CAM is a feasible alternative nonmammalian model for evaluating tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of Y79 CSCs. Increased tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of CD133- subset of tumor cells substantiate their CSC properties.
Aquaporin-4 protein antibody-associated optic neuritis related to neuroendocrine tumor after receiving an inactive COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Yıldız Tascı Yelda , Nalcacoglu Pınar , Gumusyayla Sadiye , Vural Gonul , Toklu Yasin , Yesılırmak Nilüfer
Published: May 2022

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic’s disease, is a rare, autoimmune, and recurrent demyelinating disorder that primarily affects the spinal cord and optic nerve. We report a case with recurrent optic neuritis caused by the paraneoplastic NMO spectrum disorder in the setting of a gastric neuroendocrine tumor 2 weeks after receiving an inactive COVID-19 vaccine.
Can virtual reality surgical simulator improve the function of the non-dominant hand in ophthalmic surgeons?
Authors: Eltanamly Rasha M , Elmekawey Hany , Youssef Maha M , Hassan Lameece M
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Phacoemulsification surgery requires the use of both hands; however, some surgeons may not be comfortable using their non-dominant hand, especially in critical steps such as chopping. This work aims at assessing whether a virtual reality simulator can help cataract surgeons train their non-dominant hand using the capsulorhexis module.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study including thirty ophthalmic surgeons; none of them had previous training on the EyeSi surgical simulator. Twenty-three were experienced, and seven were intermediate surgeons. Surgeons were asked to perform capsulorhexis three times using their dominant hand and then using their non-dominant hand. A performance score based on efficiency, target achievement, instrument handling, and tissue treatment was calculated by the simulator.

Results:

A significant improvement in the score of surgeons using their non-dominant hand from the first trial (69.57 ± 18.9) to the third trial (84.9 ± 9.2) (P < 0.001) was found, whereas such improvement was not noted with the dominant hand (P = 0.12). Twenty-six surgeons managed to reach 90% of the mean score achieved by dominant hand by using their non-dominant hand, 11 (36.7%) from the first trial, seven (23.3%) from the second, and eight (26.7%) from the third.

Conclusion:

Cataract surgeons showed significant improvement in the scores of their non-dominant hands with simulator training. Thus, it is possible to safely train non-dominant hands for difficult tasks away from the operating room, which would be a fruitful addition to residency training programs.
Intracameral vent and flush technique for silicone oil blockade in Ahmed glaucoma valve
Authors: Namdev Vaibhav , Panigrahi Arnav , Arora Monika , Gupta Viney , Gupta Shikha
Published: May 2022

The presence of emulsified silicone oil in the eye can lead to many complications, glaucoma being one of the most common. Adequate IOP control is difficult to achieve with medical management alone; surgical intervention is often required. Glaucoma drainage device implantation is often the preferred line of surgical intervention in such cases due to trabeculectomy failure from emulsified silicone oil droplets and associated conjunctival scarring. However, the silicone tube of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) may attract the silicone oil droplets, causing blockade of the tube with persistent raised IOP postoperatively. We report one such case where post-AGV silicone oil tube occlusion was treated with semi-conservative surgical management instead of revising the entire surgery or implantation of another drainage device. Our surgical technique of intracameral “vent and flush” offers rapid and effective IOP control in such cases. Postoperatively, normal IOP was achieved. Patency of tube continued to be maintained along with normalization of IOP on subsequent follow-ups.
Pre-operative optical coherence tomography predictors: Do they hold any relevance in the era of inverted internal limiting membrane flap in large macular holes?
Authors: Narnaware Shilpi H , Bawankule Prashant K , Bansal Anju , Chakraborty Moumita , Raje Dhananjay , Nagdeve Rakesh , Chivane Anurag
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To study the relevance of preoperative OCT predictors in large macular holes (MH) treated using the inverted ILM peel technique.

Methods:

Prospective study of 95 patients undergoing vitrectomy for large MH between January 2019 and December 2020 was performed by dividing the patients into groups depending on various quantitative parameters and indices of MH such as base diameter (BD), hole form factor (HFF), macular hole index (MHI), diameter hole index (DHI), and tractional hole index (THI) by using parameters such as minimal hole diameter, hole height, nasal and temporal arm lengths. Depending upon the duration of symptoms, patients were divided into three groups: <3 months, 3–6 months, and >6 months. Anatomical success rate, type of closure, and postoperative vision gain were analyzed in relation to the abovementioned diameters, indices, and duration to see if any significance existed.

Results:

The mean age of patients included in the study was 60.48 ± 13.88 years, with female preponderance (males: females = 37:58). Change in logMAR was statistically significant individually with all studied parameters (P < 0.0001) without influence of size of hole and other indices. BD and DHI levels showed significant association with type of closure as indicated by P values of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively. Duration of symptoms showed no significance in terms of anatomical and functional success.

Conclusion:

OCT predictors of MH success seem to have lost relevance with inverted flap surgeries as 100% anatomical success is achieved with this technique, with 95.78% (91/95) achieving type 1 closure with statistically significant equivalent functional gain across the indices with no effect of duration of symptoms.
Does methylphenidate treatment affect functional and structural ocular parameters in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? - A prospective, one year follow-up study
Authors: Bingöl-Kızıltunç Pınar , Yürümez Esra , Atilla Huban
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Methylphenidate hydrochloride, which blocks the reuptake mechanisms of dopamine and norepinephrine, is used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment. Methylphenidate has many general side effects including ocular findings. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of methylphenidate treatment on functional and structural ocular parameters.

Methods:

In this prospective study, children with ADHD were evaluated. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination before methylphenidate treatment. All patients were examined in the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th months of methylphenidate treatment. Visual acuities, color vision, pupil diameters, static, dynamic and cycloplegic retinoscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL) were evaluated and recorded.

Results:

A total of 22 children were included in this study. The best-corrected visual acuities (BCVA) of all patients for both eyes were 0.0 logMAR, and 90.9% of patients had blue–purple color weakness before the treatment. After 1 year of treatment, none of the patients had any change in BCVA and color vision. However, an increase in myopic values of static retinoscopy and a decrease in hyperopic values of cycloplegic retinoscopy were found. Additionally, accommodation capacities were found to be decreased and AL was found to be increased significantly for both eyes. Pupil diameter, IOP, and ACD values did not change significantly.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that patients with ADHD may have blue color vision deficiencies because of the decreased retinal dopamine levels. Additionally, structural and ocular parameters, especially accommodation capacity, may be affected by methylphenidate treatment.