bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ancient demographics, partible inheritance and distribution of wealth in classical Athens and Sparta: a comparative perspective
Authors: Deene Marloes
Published: October 2018

Cet article se propose d’expliquer le contraste remarquable entre les inégalités croissantes dans la distribution de la propriété dans la Sparte d’époque classique et la distribution de la propriété remarquablement égale en Athènes à la même époque. En comparant Sparte et Athènes, il se concentrera sur l’impact qu’exercent sur les courbes de mortalité les facteurs comportementaux, les mécanismes imposés par l’état et les conditions socio-économiques. Il fera valoir que, bien qu’il soit difficile d’exclure que les stratégies de fécondité et d’héritage, mises en oeuvre à Athènes et à Sparte, ont joué un rôle dans la génération d’une plus grande (in) égalité, la situation particulière à Athènes a pu résulter des mécanismes typiques imposés par l’Etat, qui réduisent les disparités de richesse, mais aussi du niveau relativement faible de l’inégalité des revenus dans la société athénienne.
Roland Barthes contesté : Franco Fortini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Umberto Eco
Authors: Gallerani Guido Mattia
Published: October 2018

Cette contribution concerne les rapports qu’entretint Roland Barthes avec quelques auteurs italiens qu’il a lus ou fréquentés dans les années 1950-1960. On étudiera tout d’abord, dans le cadre de la collaboration franco-italienne entre deux revues marxistes, Ragionamenti et Arguments, la relation épistolaire de Barthes avec le poète et l’intellectuel Franco Fortini autour des questions de l’engagement. Puis l’on s’intéressera aux raisons de leur rupture et à l’interprétation de l’ «abjuration » comme stratégie intellectuelle face aux pouvoirs, en référence au poète, essayiste et cinéaste Pier Paolo Pasolini. Enfin, l’on comparera la critique mythologique tentée par Barthes et l’expérience sémiologique d’Umberto Eco, à partir des réflexions de ce dernier sur la sémiologie barthésienne ainsi que sur ses écrits plus «mythologiques » (Diario minimo).
Arrêt sur image : la réception de La Chambre claire en Roumanie
Authors: Lazar Andrei-Ioan
Published: October 2018

Momentopname. Ontvangst van De lichtende kamer van Roland Barthes in Roemenië.

Vóór 1989 vallen zowel de expliciete als impliciete verwijzingen naar De lichtende kamer, alsmede een reeks gefragmenteerde vertalingen welke verschenen in tijdschriften voor literatuur of kunst, ten deel aan de literatuurkritiek, welke zich vooral bezighoudt met de terugkeer van de schrijver, wat tegelijkertijd voeding gaf aan het debat ten aanzien van de status van fotografie als kunst, vaak gegijzeld voor ideologische doeleinden. Maar na de revolutie van december 1989 zien wij een nieuwe ontvankelijkheid voor diens werk. De aandacht van de kenners is niet meer gericht op de fotografische esthetiek op zich, maar de nadruk ligt nu op de dialectiek tussen

studium en punctum, werkingsconcepten waarvan de film-en kunstkritiek zich bedient om kunstwerken te analyseren die de communistische beeldvorming transformeren en deconstrueren.
Qu’est-ce qui se passe dans les Portraits d’espace de David Coste ?
Authors: Toussaint Évelyne
Published: October 2018

What happens in Portraits d’espaces by David Coste ?

We know Roland Barthes’s interest for the visual arts, but we rarely have been interested in the influence of his thought in the artists’ creative process, so neglecting to bring to light the theoretical and aesthetic posterity of his work in contemporary art. The series of photographs Portraits d’espaces (2012-2015) signed by David Coste reflects elective proximity between the artist and the writer. The notions of «signsobjects » , «ça a été » , «punctum » , or «Neutral » , as the question of the author, the tools of a semiotics of the image, here are revisited and updated in the current field of artistic creation.
Roland Barthes : fragments d’un journal conceptuel
Authors: Rogobete Ana-Delia
Published: October 2018

Fragmenten van een conceptueel dagboek.

Dit artikel analyseert de verhouding tussen Roland Barthes’ dagboekfragmenten (Soirées de Paris en Journal de deuil) en conceptuele kunst. Eerst worden overeenkomsten en verschillend onderzocht, met nadruk op de gedeelde interesse van de auteur voor de vraag naar taal en vorm. De schrijfstrategie van Barthes gaat verder dan het egotisme dat eigen is aan het dagboekgenre. Door de aard van het dagboek zelf in vraag te stellen, trasformeert Barthes het dagboek in een zelf-reflexieve tekst die de validiteit van de eigen vorm op de proef stelt ; er kan gesproken worden van een conceptueel dagboek. Verderop analyseren we een van de twee teksten om aan te tonen hoe de grenzen van het genre op de proef gesteld worden, en hoe ze zich verhouden tot andere Barthesiaanse geschriften uit dezelfde periode. Vita Nova bevat expliciete verwijzingen naar de dagboekfragmenten en getuigt hoe een verbeeld project buiten alle genrebeperkingen verdergezet wordt.
Entre répression et libération : le frisson de sens, le « sens feuilleté » et son (an)architecture
Authors: Renault Jean-Baptiste
Published: October 2018

Il s’agit d’abord d’interroger le rapport de Roland Barthes au sens pluriel, marqué par la quête souvent désespérée d’un ailleurs du sens, d’un en deçà ou d’un au-delà du symbolique ordinaire, pour dégager la richesse de son interrogation sur le «tremblé » de la signification des impasses où le mènent ses différentes utopies ou dystopies du sens. La notion de connotation est ainsi interrogée comme particulièrement représentative des difficultés théoriques. Puis, dans un second temps, une relecture est proposée de l’article «Le troisième sens » qui s’efforce de démêler les différentes oppositions qui compliquent autant qu’elles spécifient la distinction entre le sens obvie et le sens obtus. L’architecture du sens dans les films d’Eisenstein apparaît alors très finement cernée, notamment à travers l’idée d’un sens feuilleté, d’une dialectique qui accueille une ironie non négatrice.
Réécriture des mythes par Michèle Fabien : la valorisation de l’élément féminin
Authors: Leontaridou Dora
Published: October 2018

Dans les réécritures des mythes Jocaste, Déjanire et Cassandre par Michèle Fabien est entreprise la vivification de ces trois figures féminines. Les hypotextes – des tragédies et des textes antiques– sont remis en question, transformés, et les mythes sont réécrits sous l’angle de la condition des femmes. Dans ces pièces modernes, la parole a été accordée aux personnages féminins pour s’exprimer sur leur propre cause. Ceci pallie le manque d’expression des femmes en public, peu ou nullement possible, pendant l’Antiquité. Les réécritures relisent les matrices mythiques du point de vue de l’époque moderne, et modifie leur contenu en fonction des mentalités contemporaines.
Le Rhin, enjeu de rivalités et de coopérations internationales aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Les apports d’un récent colloque
Authors: Eck Jean-François , Libera Martial
Published: October 2018

De Rijn, inzet van rivaliteit en internationale samenwerking in de negentiende en twintigste eeuw : de bijdragen van een recent symposium.

Opgericht in 1815 op het Congres van Wenen, is de Centrale Commissie voor de Rijnvaart (CCR) de oudste hedendaagse internationale organisatie. Ondanks haar essentiële rol in de Rijnvaart en, bij uitbreiding, in de geschiedenis van West-Europa in de negentiende en twintigste eeuw, heeft de CCR echter amper het voorwerp uitgemaakt van een onderzoek. Een internationale en interdisciplinaire conferentie georganiseerd in 2015 in Straatsburg door het Centrum Raymond Poidevin (umr

European Dynamics) en door de Centrale Commissie heeft deze leemte deels opgevuld. De sprekers hebben vooreerst aangetoond dat de CCR op internationaal vlak aan de basis lag van een nauwe samenwerking tussen Europese staten op hetzelfde moment dat haar optreden aanleiding gaf tot internationale spanningen en machtsverhoudingen. Tijdens de voordrachten werd vervolgens gewezen op de omvang van haar eigen activiteiten – cartografie, navigatietechnieken, sociale rechten van de veerlui – en op het feit dat de ccr bovendien een voorbeeld vormde voor het beheer van andere internationale stroomgebieden. Tenslotte nodigt dit symposium, waaruit de rijkdom van het optreden van de CCR op verschillende vlakken is gebleken, onderzoekers uit om zich toe te leggen op de studie van deze commissie, die zowel een onderdeel vormt van de geschiedenis van de internationale betrekkingen als van de economische en sociale geschiedenis, of nog deze van de technologie en van de organisaties.
Archives et histoire des voies navigables, particulièrement en Hainaut, aux XIXe et XXe siècles
Authors: Honnoré Laurent
Published: October 2018

Archieven en geschiedenis van de bevaarbare waterwegen, meer specifiek in Henegouwen tijdens de negentiende en twintigste eeuw.

In deze bijdrage tonen we aan hoe de studie van archieven kan bijdragen tot een beter inzicht in de ontwikkeling van de bevaarbare waterwegen in België. We focussen op de ontwikkeling in Henegouwen, specifiek in de negentiende en twintigste eeuw. Deze oefening beperkt zich hoofdzakelijk tot de openbare en privé-archieven die toegankelijk zijn in de Rijksarchieven. Veel van deze archieven zijn nog maar weinig ontsloten en benut. Dat ze weinig bekend zijn heeft deels te maken met de dikwijls recente datum van deponering en/ of inventarisering. Onze oefening is niet exhaustief, maar ze illustreert wel de rijkdom en gevarieerdheid van de Rijksarchieven met betrekking tot de bevaarbare waterwegen. De wetenschappelijke ontsluiting van deze archieffondsen moet een significante bijdrage leveren aan het inzicht in de economische, sociale en technische geschiedenis van de bevaarbare waterwegen.
Le nom des espaces de la demeure patricienne à Liège au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Gilles Isabelle
Published: October 2018

Namen van plaatsen in patriciërswoningen te Luik tijdens de 18de eeuw.

Met het voorbeeld van Luik tijdens de 18de eeuw toont deze bijdrage aan dat er een nauwe band bestaat tussen architectuur en de woordenschat die zij gebruikt. Tijdens het strikt hiërarchisch georganiseerde Ancien Régime werd maatschappelijk onderscheid onder meer duidelijk gemaakt door middel van de architectuur van een huis, en soms zelfs nog meer door de woorden die daarvoor gekozen werden. Beginnend met de naam die aan een woning gegeven werd – «huis » en «hotel » – geeft de woordenschat die voor de verschillende plaatsen daarin gehanteerd werd, een onderscheid weer dat overeenstemt met de maatschappelijke status van de bewoner maar ook van de auteur van het document. Zelfs de keuze van de taal – Frans of Waals – versterkt deze sociale connotaties. Doorheen de woordenschat van de 18de-eeuwse architectuur valt tot slot een ontwikkeling van de Luikse samenleving waar te nemen naar het einde van het Ancien Regime toe.
Choice and Reasoning in the Eighteenth-Century London House
Authors: Stewart Rachel
Published: October 2018

Choix et raison dans la maison londonienne du XVIIIe siècle.

Une résidence aristocratique dans le Londres du XVIIIe siècle était plus souvent une maison mitoyenne d’apparence assez ordinaire, avec une baie vitrée de trois à cinq fenêtres, qu’un majestueux hôtel particulier. Cet article soutient qu’un point de vue limité à l’architecture historique de ces maisons de ville, qui se limiterait à l’aspect extérieur, perpétue l’idée selon laquelle, simples logements temporaires dans la ville, elles n’auraient aucune importance pour leurs propriétaires. Cette perspective peut s’élargir grâce à l’utilisation générale et prudente de documents et de témoignages de l’époque qui nous permettent de voir les maisons de ville non seulement en tant qu’objet utile et esthétique mais aussi en tant que propriété, bien, possession personnelle et même en tant que symbole. En partant de ce nouvel éclairage sur l’attitude et la mentalité de ces propriétaires terriens, cet article remet en cause les notions établies concernant la valeur relative et de la signification des maisons dans les campagnes et les villes de cette époque.
La casa da nobile et sa valeur: le cas de Milan (XVIe-XIXe siècle)
Authors: Barbot Michela
Published: October 2018

The Casa da nobile and its Value : the Case of Milano (16th-19th century).

The casa da nobile from Milano, erected during the Modern era, provides a model of lodging common to nobles and wealthy merchants seeking social promotion. As part of the Milanese lexicon for real estate, this expression refers to two types of housing : aristocratic residences strictly speaking, but also the dwellings whose architectural characteristics make worth considering their occupation by nobles. This article refers to actual evaluations of a series of casa di nobile real estates, made between the mid of the sixteenth and the end of the nineteenth century, and focuses on the criteria of monetary estimation of those houses. In the long term, it appears that fixing the value of a casa di nobile undergoes an inexorable process of commodification of these goods, which the owners will seek to delay through adopting successive strategies.
Near-infrared light harvesting of upconverting NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+-based amorphous silicon solar cells investigated by an optical filter
Authors: Liu Daiming , Wang Qingkang , Wang Qing
Published: October 2018

The wastage of near-infrared light seriously restricts the photoelectric conversion efficiency of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film solar cells. Spectral upconversion is of great significance in reducing the wastage. Herein, the upconverting compound NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. SEM and XRD results revealed the morphology and a phase transition from cubic to hexagonal NaYF4. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that the hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanorods convert near-infrared light of 980 nm to the visible light with wavelength peaks at 654, 541 and 522 nm. Hence, the upconverting rods were incorporated in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer on the rear side of a-Si:H solar cell. Under AM1.5 solar irradiation, a facile optical filter was used to scrutinize the effect of upconversion on the cell performance. Compared with a bare cell, the NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+-based a-Si:H cell exhibited an 25% improved short-circuit current and an appreciable improvement of the near-infrared response of the external quantum efficiency. Moreover, because the size of the nanorods is comparable to the wavelength of visible light, the rods effectively scattered light, thus enhancing the visible light harvesting.
Synthesis of a tyrosinase inhibitor by consecutive ethenolysis and cross-metathesis of crude cashew nutshell liquid
Authors: Pollini Jacqueline , Bragoni Valentina , Gooßen Lukas J
Published: October 2018

A convenient and sustainable three-step synthesis of the tyrosinase inhibitor 2-hydroxy-6-tridecylbenzoic acid was developed that starts directly from the anacardic acid component of natural cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL). Natural CNSL contains 60–70% of anacardic acid as a mixture of several double bond isomers. The anacardic acid component was converted into a uniform starting material by ethenolysis of the entire mixture and subsequent selective precipitation of 6-(ω-nonenyl)salicylic acid from cold pentane. The olefinic side chain of this intermediate was elongated by its cross-metathesis with 1-hexene using a first generation Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst, which was reused as precatalyst in a subsequent hydrogenation step. Overall, the target compound was obtained in an overall yield of 61% based on the unsaturated anacardic acid content and 34% based on the crude CNSL.
Ensemble Properties of the White Dwarf Population of the Old, Solar Metallicity Open Star Cluster Messier 67*
Authors: Williams Kurtis A. , Canton Paul A. , Bellini A. , Bolte Michael , Rubin Kate H. R. , Gianninas Alexandros , Kilic Mukremin
Published: October 2018

White dwarfs (WDs) are excellent forensic tools for studying end-of-life issues surrounding low- and intermediate-mass stars, and the old, solar metallicity open star cluster Messier 67 is a proven laboratory for the study of stellar evolution for solar-type stars. In this paper, we present a detailed spectroscopic study of brighter (M

g
 ≤ 12.4) WDs in Messier 67, and in combination with previously published proper motion membership determinations, we identify a clean, representative sample of cluster WDs, including 13 members with hydrogen-dominated atmospheres, at least one of which is a candidate double degenerate, and 5 members with helium-dominated atmospheres. Using this sample we test multiple predictions surrounding the final stages of stellar evolution in solar-type stars. In particular, the stochasticity of the integrated mass lost by ∼1.5 solar mass stars is less than 7% of the WD remnant mass. We identify WDs likely resulting from binary evolution, including at least one blue straggler remnant and two helium-core WDs. We observe no evidence of a significant population of helium-core WDs formed by enhanced mass loss on the red giant branch of the cluster. The distribution of WD atmospheric compositions is fully consistent with that in the field, limiting proposed mechanisms for the suppression of helium atmosphere WD formation in star clusters. In short, the WD population of Messier 67 is fully consistent with basic predictions of single- and multiple-star stellar evolution theories for solar metallicity stars.
Anomalies in Time Delays of Lensed Gravitational Waves and Dark Matter Substructures
Authors: Liao Kai , Ding Xuheng , Biesiada Marek , Fan Xi-Long , Zhu Zong-Hong
Published: October 2018

Cold dark matter scenarios of hierarchical large-scale structure formation predict the existence of abundant subhalos around large galaxies. However, the number of observed dwarf galaxies is far from this theoretical prediction, suggesting that most of the subhalos could be dark or quite faint. Gravitational lensing is a powerful tool to probe the mass distribution directly irrespective of whether it is visible or dark. Time delay anomalies in strongly lensed quasar systems are complementary to flux-ratio anomalies in probing dark matter substructure in galaxies. Here we propose that lensed gravitational waves detected by the third-generation ground detectors with quite accurate time delay measurements could be a much better tool for this study than conventional techniques. Combined with good quality images of lensed host galaxies identified by the electromagnetic counterpart measurements, lensed gravitational wave signals could make the systematic errors caused by dark matter substructures detectable at levels of several percent, depending on their mass functions, internal distribution of subhalos, and lensing system configuration.
24th International Conference on Subterranean Biology
Authors: Reboleira Ana Sofia P. S. , Gonçalves Fernando J.M.
Published: October 2018

The 24thedition of the biennial Conference on Subterranean Biology was held on the campus of the University of Aveiro in Portugal from 20th to 24thAugust, following the previous edition held in USA (Culver, 2016). These conferences are organized under the auspices of the International Society for Subterranean Biology, founded in 1979. It was the first meeting held in Portugal and in the Iberian Peninsula.
Extradural cervical spinal meningioma mimicking malignancy
Authors: Lai Chooi Yan Anna Lois , Salkade Parag Ratnakar , Chuah Khoon Leong , Sitoh Yih Yian
Published: October 2018

The vast majority of intraspinal meningiomas occur in an intradural extramedullary location. A meningioma in a purely extradural location in the cervical spine as reported here is quite exceptional. Extradural meningiomas tend to show more aggressive features than intradural meningiomas and are often confused with malignant neoplasms. We report an invasive extradural meningioma in the cervical spine with multi-segmental involvement, extension through the neural foramina and encasement of the subjacent vertebral artery, mimicking malignancies such as lymphoma and sarcoma. Although rare, meningiomas may demonstrate extradural multi-segmental growth and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such lesions.
Getting the Dialogue Started
Authors: Bazler Judith A. , Graybill Letitia , Romagnoli Alex
Published: October 2018

This chapter provides a description of Gifted and Talented Education (GATE) teachers and supports that description through research and a professional discussion between two experienced educators at the university level. A brief literature review is first provided with an emphasis on how established research in the field of “gifted” students informs research on GATE teachers. The chapter then focuses on a professional discussion between two teacher educators who specialize in science education. During the discussion, which is interspersed and framed in educational research, the educators identify the elements of GATE teachers, analyze how GATE teachers are identified, and how to maintain GATE teachers during teacher preparation and as professionals in the field. Finally, implications for education preparation programs are provided.
The Gifted Practitioner
Authors: Henning John E.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to define gifted practitioners, to describe how they develop, and to show how their development can be fostered. Gifted practitioners are teachers who have continued to grow in their practice until they have become widely recognized as extraordinary teachers. The authors begin by examining the creative process, then showing how the creative process and teacher development are very similar processes. Both involve tacit learning through experience, the discovery of new ideas by making tacit knowledge explicit, and the further development of those ideas through design and evaluation. These ideas will be used as a basis for fostering giftedness in teaching. A case example will be used to provide an illustration of the gifted practitioner, followed by a discussion of the implications for the profession of teaching.
Passion, Perseverance, and Purpose
Authors: Waldron Jennifer L.
Published: October 2018

This chapter is about a multicultural GATE teacher, Jennifer Waldron, and her circuitous journey on becoming the educator that she is today. Having lived on three continents by the age of 13, she struggled with cultural identity exacerbated by the inevitable awkwardness that accompanies key developmental junctures. Central to this piece are acculturation, assimilation, self-determination and self-efficacy, and learning to manage the awareness of belonging nowhere, yet everywhere at once. This is an educational journey of finding, appreciating, and using one's strengths and growth mindset in the pursuit of re-educating oneself to become a more empowered person and educator. This chapter underscores the relevance of cultural competency and the need for tolerance of difference at all levels of education. Jennifer Waldron embraces research based and innovative approaches to thinking and learning. She strives to break down barriers through design and creative thinking so as to find relevant connections between seemingly disparate subjects.
Where Are You From?
Authors: Hornsby Marie Carolina
Published: October 2018

This chapter describes the author's experiences as a student and teacher in the context of the various relationships and backdrops of my development, including rural South Carolina, the suburbs of Long Island, and Center City Philadelphia. School was the one constant that she could count on between frequent moves to new places throughout her life. She quickly developed a desire and a need to fit in to her surroundings wherever her family was located. This awareness helped her see past the differences of those around her, forge relationships, and adapt to the variety of cultural and physical environments despite any struggles. Throughout all of her homes and schools, her goals were always the same: be a good person, try not to be too competitive or bossy, and one day become a teacher. Now that she is a teacher and teacher coach, she uses these experiences and memories to help foster her new goal: to make sure her students and their families feel comfortable in the school community.
Blessed Rage for Order
Authors: Russell Lara Walker
Published: October 2018

This chapter tells the story of one GATE educator's early quest to satisfy what poet Wallace Stevens called a “blessed rage for order.” It describes the patterns she discovered and turning points she experienced as an undergraduate student, a Peace Corps volunteer, a first-year teacher in a diverse Title I high school, a doctoral student of curriculum and instruction, and an advanced student and teacher of underrepresented gifted populations. At its heart, it is an ethnography of the catalysts—the individuals and experiences—that helped transform a troubled, high school dropout's raw gifts into talents, enabling her to use her creativity, intensity, and love of complexity to do the one thing she swore she'd never do: teach.
Jen's Story
Authors: Wong Chiu-Yin , Harriott Wendy A.
Published: October 2018

This chapter describes the experiences of a first grade teacher who was classified as gifted and talented during her school years. Currently, she teaches classes with a diverse group of students (e.g., English language learners, gifted and talented students). Adopting a qualitative case study method, the authors conducted an in-depth interview with the teacher and share her story related to how her giftedness affects and enhances her professional work as an educator. Further, this chapter illustrates the teacher's story related to her personal interactions and relationships. Finally, based on the literature, implications for other educators who are gifted and talented are discussed.
Do Teachers Who Are Differentiating Show Evidence of Their Own Giftedness?
Authors: VanTassel-Baska Joyce Lenore
Published: October 2018

The classroom observation scale-revised (COS-R) was used to analyze characteristics of the teachers who might be gifted and talented (GATE). Existing data sets are reviewed and re-analyzed to ascertain the use of differentiation in classrooms working with gifted learners. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and effectiveness of differentiation practices in selected classrooms across K-12 in three districts on the East Coast, each with well-established gifted programs, to see if the use of these practices shows a relationship with the most effective teachers. The evidence suggests that teachers who work with the gifted in particular types of programs appear to be more effective in their use of differentiated teaching behaviors. Are these teachers gifted or GATE? The pattern evident throughout the data is that few teachers are observed using more nuanced differentiation strategies, raising the question of whether specific behaviors on the COS-R could be identifiers of gifted teachers.
The Twice-Exceptional (2E) Truth
Authors: Haspel Mary , Mulvaney Tracy
Published: October 2018

There is a common misconception that if an individual is gifted, it is an “all around” giftedness, wherein exceptional attributes are readily demonstrated across all domains and contexts. However, giftedness can be isolated to a specific domain, while an individual may experience challenges in another. These challenges, depending upon the severity and domain area, can easily overshadow an individual's abilities. In pre-service teaching programs, wherein social/emotional skills are paramount and licensure is contingent upon academic performance and passing standardized tests, being twice exceptional can hinder professional aspirations.
Simulation Technology in Anesthesia Education
Authors: Gonder Morgan E. , Holtmann Maxwell , Waldman Steven D.
Published: October 2018

This chapter provides an overview of increasing role of simulation technology in anesthesia education. A brief history of the role of simulation is discussed, spanning across the introduction of the first medical simulators of the 18th century to the role of modern simulation technology in education today. The capacity in which anesthesia education is conducted has dramatically improved with the advancement in simulation technology and use of part-task and full-body simulation trainers. In this chapter, focus is placed on the indications and utility of simulation for airway management, bronchoscopy, and central line placement education, as well as whole-body simulation models and their role in practicing complex scenarios. Key elements that ensure a successful simulation scenario are outlined, and the advantages and barriers to the use of simulation technology in anesthesia education are discussed.
Modern Technology in Dermatopathology Education
Authors: Torre Kristin M. , Murphy Michael J. , Grant-Kels Jane M.
Published: October 2018

Technological advancement is steadily reshaping the field of medical education. In histopathology and especially dermatopathology training, the transition from glass slide microscopy (GSM) to virtual microscopy (VM) is serving as an instructional tool for medical students, residents, fellows, and experienced physicians. Online slide atlases and digitalized content are being utilized by educators and trainees to enhance and assess both individual and collaborative learning. With the expansion of mobile technology, new avenues are emerging for image attainment, in addition to remote instruction and consultation in resource-limited areas. Various computer-based applications (“apps”) and social media sites also serve as digital assets in education and training and allow for rapid dissemination and sharing of information around the world.
Using Competency-Based Learning to Improve Clinical Skills
Authors: Ellison Stefanie R. , Dhuse Jordann
Published: October 2018

This chapter serves to provide medical educators with an overview of competency-based education (CBME) and the clinical skills necessary for medical school graduate. Technology that supports the teaching, learning, and assessment of CBME and clinical skills is defined and examples are provided for each of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies. The competencies are defined, and clinical skills embedded in each are highlighted. This chapter provides a summary of the useful technological tools and provides examples of medical schools that use technology to teach and assess CBME with these tools. Online teaching or eLearning, simulation, online assessment, virtual humans, the electronic health record, gaming, procedural software, discussion boards, reflective writing, portfolios, and telemedicine programs are covered in detail.
Are Electronic Medical Education and the EHR Helping or Hurting the Quality of Medical Education and Patient Care?
Authors: John David Lee , Kaercher Deborah
Published: October 2018

This chapter addresses some of the negative aspects of both electronic medical education and the electronic health record. This includes the dilution of the doctor/patient interface, the emphasis on documentation rather than on learning the healing arts, and the intellectual dishonesty that arises from the use of templates and automated fillers. The authors address concerns about the dehumanization of medicine, starting with the style of medical education carrying through to the style of function within the clinical environment.
Apps and Their Applications
Authors: Nizamuddin Imran , Basra Raveena , Vanam Sai , Pirani Nurbanu
Published: October 2018

In a society dominated by the use of technology as a primary method of communication and education, it should come as no surprise that medical professionals rely heavily on its use as well. The new dominance of smartphones over cell phones and pagers in medicine is largely influenced by convenience and efficiency, and over 70% of healthcare professionals have reported using a mobile device in their workplaces. This chapter aims to highlight the transition to mobile devices in the medical realm and the benefits for both clinicians and patients. For clinicians, mobile devices and apps may serve as diagnostic aids, med calculators, and clinical references. They can also be used for medical education purposes and access of electronic medical records. For patients, mobile devices and apps are often utilized to find resources and information about diseases, to help with disease management, and to promote lifestyle modification and fitness. Nevertheless, despite the numerous benefits of mobile devices in practice, potential risks and drawbacks must also be considered.
Black College Student Success
Authors: Gasman Marybeth , Arrolyo Andrew
Published: October 2018

This chapter is focused on helping the reader gain a deeper understanding of academic environments at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) that lead to student success, considering academic, social, political, and financial issues within this context. The authors reviewed the salient literature on academic and student success, pertaining to the HBCU environment, while also providing recommendations for practitioners and scholars who want to make change at their institutions and beyond.
An Overview of Cloud and Edge Computing Architecture and Its Current Issues and Challenges
Authors: Bhandari Guru Prasad , Gupta Ratneshwer
Published: October 2018

Edge computing is a technique of optimizing cloud computing systems by performing data processing at the edge of the network, near the source of the data in the systems. And, cloud computing is a service that delivers on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity or expansion, which is trending in today's technology-driven world. With the advantage of flexibility, storage, sharing, and easy accessibility, cloud is being used by major players in IT (information technology). This chapter highlights cloud/edge computing architecture and its current issues and challenges from technological and organizational aspects. A brief introduction of edge computing architecture with similar technologies along with its service models is discussed. A few counterexamples of cloud computing architecture are showed. Organizational aspects of cloud computing architecture, as well as IBM and Oracle reference cloud architecture, are briefly presented. Some emerging issues and challenges associated with cloud/edge computing on its utilization are also elaborated.
A Comprehensive Study on Internet of Things Security
Authors: Muthusamy Manikandakumar , Periasamy Karthikeyan
Published: October 2018

Internet of things is a growing technology with many business opportunities and risks. It is strongly believed that IoT will cause a major shift in people's lives similar to how the internet transformed the way people communicate and share information. IoT is becoming popular in the various domains such as smart health, smart cities, smart transport, and smart retail. The security and privacy concerns of IoT are crucial as it connects a large number of devices. Security is a more critical issue that certainly needs to be resolved with a high level of attention, as with an increasing number of users, there would be a need to manage their requests and check authenticity on the cloud-based pattern. Recently, a series of massive distributed denial-of-service attacks have occurred in IoT organizations. Such malicious attacks have highlighted the threats resulting from not enough security in IoT devices together with their overwhelming effects on the internet. This chapter provides an overview of the security attacks with regard to IoT technologies, protocols, and applications.
Comparing User Authentication Techniques for Fog Computing
Authors: Munir Kashif , Mohammed Lawan A.
Published: October 2018

In the IoT scenario, things at the edge can create significantly large amounts of data. Fog computing has recently emerged as the paradigm to address the needs of edge computing in internet of things (IoT) and industrial internet of things (IIoT) applications. Authentication is an important issue for the security of fog computing since services are offered to massive-scale end users by front fog nodes. Fog computing faces new security and privacy challenges besides those inherited from cloud computing. Authentication helps to ensure and confirms a user's identity. The existing traditional password authentication does not provide enough security for the data, and there have been instances when the password-based authentication has been manipulated to gain access to the data. Since the conventional methods such as passwords do not serve the purpose of data security, this chapter focuses on biometric user authentication in fog computing environments. In this chapter, the authors present biometric smartcard authentication to protect the fog computing environment.
Unique Fog Computing Taxonomy for Evaluating Cloud Services
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Goundar Sam
Published: October 2018

Fog computing has the potential to resolve cloud computing issues by extending the cloud service provider's reach to the edge of the cloud network model, right up to the cloud service consumer. This enables a whole new state of applications and services which increases the security, enhances the cloud experience, and keeps the data close to the user. This chapter presents a review on the academic literature research work on fog computing, introduces a novel taxonomy to classify cloud products based on fog computing elements, and then determines the best fit fog computing product to choose for the cloud service consumer.
Qualitative Research
Authors: Merriam Sharan B.
Published: October 2018

This chapter takes the reader on a step-by-step journey through the process of conducting a qualitative research study using research conducted with traditional healers (THs) in Malaysia and how they diagnose and treat cancer. Upwards of 80% of Malaysians consult traditional healers before seeing a medical doctor, resulting in late-stage diagnoses and thus higher mortality rates. However, prior to this research, little was known about the role of healers and their willingness to work with, rather than outside, the Western medical system. Within this context, the theoretical framework, the specific research problem, and the research questions were identified. Next, the authors discuss purposive sampling and data collection strategies which included interviews, documents, and observations. They then present a data analysis exhibit showing how they captured specific data from the interviews to address their research questions. Finally, the authors discuss writing and publishing the results of their research.
Navigators on the Research Path
Authors: Hansman Catherine A.
Published: October 2018

Qualitative research methods courses are required in most doctoral and some Master's degree graduate programs. However, although many graduate students enter their programs with some knowledge of quantitative methodology, many have little to no understanding of qualitative research methodologies. There are many challenges associated with teaching qualitative research, and although most learners in qualitative research classes are adult learners, university faculty members may not know or understand adult learning theories and teaching strategies to frame their approaches to teaching qualitative research methods. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the challenges faced by faculty members who plan and teach qualitative research courses using the literature to highlight current qualitative research pedagogy while discussing new strategies and models that may assist graduate students' development as qualitative researchers. An earlier version of this chapter can be found in V. Wang's (Ed.) Handbook of Research on Scholarly Publishing and Research Methods (2015).
Scale Development and Factor Analysis
Authors: Xu Lihua
Published: October 2018

Scale development is an important step in empirical research. This chapter describes the common procedures to follow in scale development with essential factor analytical methods. The concept of measurement invariance, the importance of its testing prior to group comparisons, and testing procedures are discussed. Single-group, multi-group, and hierarchical confirmatory factor analytical methods and associated decision making are described. Procedural steps in scale development and measurement invariance testing are illustrated at length using a real dataset in stereotype threat and principals' leadership style in the United States.
Multilevel Theory Model Development and Dissemination
Authors: Turner John , Allen Jeff , Bracey Pamela Scott
Published: October 2018

In the past, a large number of research efforts concentrated on single-level analysis; however, researchers who only conduct this level of analysis are finding it harder to justify due to the advancements in statistical software and research techniques. The validation of research findings comes partially from others replicating existing studies as well as building onto theories. Through replication and validation, the research process becomes cyclical in nature, and each iteration builds upon the next. Each succession of tests sets new boundaries, furthering the verification and falsification process. For multilevel models to be correctly specified, the level of analysis needs to be in congruence with the level of measurement. This chapter provides an overview of theory with a primary focus on multilevel theory and multilevel theory development. Also, this chapter provides tips for writing theoretical articles along with guidelines for evaluating theoretical articles.
Environmental Accounting Implementation and Stimulation of National Business Global Competitiveness
Authors: Wajeetongratana Prateep
Published: October 2018

Today's system of accounting does not contain sufficient volumes of information about environmental incomes and losses of organizations; therefore, it is nearly impossible to evaluate precisely the efficiency of environmental actions taken and environmental protection systems being implemented in order to maintain and/or increase the environmental balance. One of the key elements in the mechanism increasing the quality of economic performance is the system of environmental accounting. This chapter explains both theory and methodology of environmental accounting and also determines its role and place within the system of existing types of accounting and reporting in accordance with the IFRS requirements and also the Kyoto Protocol. The presented organizational economic mechanism of environmental accounting allows implementing the latter at concrete enterprises to promote and support more efficient managerial decision making.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Decision Support Systems and a Classification Framework
Authors: Walczak Steven
Published: October 2018

Clinical decision support systems are meant to improve the quality of decision-making in healthcare. Artificial intelligence is the science of creating intelligent systems that solve complex problems at the level of or better than human experts. Combining artificial intelligence methods into clinical decision support will enable the utilization of large quantities of data to produce relevant decision-making information to practitioners. This article examines various artificial intelligence methodologies and shows how they may be incorporated into clinical decision-making systems. A framework for describing artificial intelligence applications in clinical decision support systems is presented.
Utilizing Information Technology in Senior Care Franchises
Authors: Chen Ye-Sho
Published: October 2018

Franchising involves receiving business rights. In addition to the popular growth strategy for many businesses, franchising has emerged over the years as a pathway to wealth creation for entrepreneurs interested in senior care. In this article, the authors first discuss the use of information technology in senior care franchises, including franchisor/franchisee relationships and the essential indicators needed to allow a good relationship to flourish, and the inevitability of collaborative learning and innovation. This leads to the discussion of the working knowledge development among the franchisor and the fellow franchisees. Second, this paper discusses that an attention-based IT infrastructure that will enable the senior care knowledge sharing and dissemination between the franchisor and the franchisee.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Role Assignment on Improving Students' Asynchronous Online Discussion Participation
Authors: Ghadirian Hajar , Salehi Keyvan , Ayub Ahamd Fauzi Mohd
Published: October 2018

Taking into account prior research suggesting a lack of student participation in online discussions, this study examines the influence of peer moderator (PM) role assignment on students' participation and that of their peers' participation in online discussions. Eighty-four participants operated in a moderator role, reciprocally. Moreover, the study examines the differences in the level of e-moderation supports enacted by PMs of high-and low-density online discussions. Online participation was assessed using log files of seven-week discussions and social network analysis techniques. Quantitative content analysis was applied with online interaction transcripts of PMs for two groups of online discussions. The results indicated that students in the PM role reached significantly higher level of participation quantity and patterns and their non-posting participation significantly influenced all indicators of group participation. Further, high-and low-density online discussions differed significantly with regards to frequency of PMs' e-moderation supports.
Prospective English Teachers' Digital Storytelling Experiences Through a Flipped Classroom Approach
Authors: Tokmak Hatice Sancar , Yakin Ilker , Dogusoy Berrin
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this case study was to explore prospective English education teachers' (PEET) experiences of digital storytelling (DST) through a flipped classroom approach. 36 prospective teachers who enrolled in a computer literacy course participated in the study. The data was collected through a demographic questionnaire, three open-ended questionnaires, and a semi-structured interview form. Four videos were prepared to give theoretical input in line with the DST phases described by Robin and presented asynchronously via Edmodo system. The results showed that PEETs described the DST process through a flipped classroom approach. described as entertaining, challenging, and instructive. Moreover, according to the results, PEETs learnt specific strategies about DST, were inspired, and had the opportunity to check their product quality, thanks to the flipped classroom approach. These results revealed insights about the design of a flipped classroom approach and the DST process.
Developing and Validating Measurement Instrument for Various Aspects of Digital economy
Authors: Hrustek Nikolina Žajdela , Mekovec Renata , Pihir Igor
Published: October 2018

ICT-driven innovations affect all sectors of economy and society where trends like adaptability, remote workforce, augmented reality/virtual reality, internet of things, smart machines and artificial intelligence run the core of digital transformation of every aspect of a business. This article introduces the measurement instrument that was created and validated with intention of questioning certain aspects of digital economy from the user point of view. The validation of the proposed measurement instrument was conducted by applying factor analysis (Principal component analysis - PCA) which revealed critical factors affecting certain aspects of digital economy: e-commerce, e-banking, e-work (telework) and e-employment. Measurement instruments were tested on 197 respondents from two Croatian counties. To maximise the benefits that can be derived from digital transformation it is essential to overcome all barriers and force employment of opened opportunities. Business alignment with IT remains a challenge; therefore, presented results are valuable input in the discussed domain.