bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(106) DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ARABIC VERSION OF THE FEMALE SEXUAL DISTRESS SCALE-REVISED (AR-FSDS-R)
Authors: Atia Attaky
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R) was developed, and extensively validated globally; none has demonstrated sufficient validity and reliability for use in Arabic populations, particularly women. This study aimed to assess the psychometric Properties of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R) in the Arabic version and to estimate the optimal cutoff score that corresponds best to the clinical diagnosis of sexual dysfunction.

Methods

The Arabic version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R) was generated by two independent professional English-to-Arabic translators. The translated version of the FSDS-R was reverse translated by two bilingual translators whose native language was English. Women with female sexual interest and arousal disorder (n = 100) and those with no symptoms (n = 100) were included in the present study. Correlation analysis conducted between the FSDS-R total score, the Female Sexual Function Index subscale, and the total score was examined for convergent validity.

Results

Construct validity was established via confirmatory factor analysis; Item-total score correlations ranged .78–.92; item-subscale score correlations ranged .58–.88, and subscale-total score correlations ranged .58–.92. Item factor loadings ranged .73–.91. Statistically significant correlations were found between each of these results (p < .001). Cronbach’s alpha was .82 for the complete scale and ranged .78–.92 for subscales. Test-retest reliability over a 2-week period was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The test-retest reliability analysis yielded no significant difference (p < .05).

Conclusions

The Arabic version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (Ar- FSDS-R) is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to evaluate the sexual distress of Arabic -speaking women with different sexual problems. A score of ≤12 was proposed as a cutoff to detect the presence of sexually related personal distress in Arabic women with FSD.

Conflicts of Interest

No Conflicts of Interest.
(63) SEXUAL SELF-CONCEPT OF MIDDLE-AGED MEN AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH THEIR SEX LIVES: RESULTS FROM THE BAVARIAN MEN’S HEALTH STUDY
Authors: Christina Passler , Prof. Andreas Dinkel , Dr. Valentin H Meissner , Stefan Schiele , Helga Schulwitz , Prof. Jürgen E Gschwend , Prof. Kathleen Herkommer
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The sexual self-concept is a major component of sexual health. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of different dimensions of the sexual self-concept with sexual activity, sexual satisfaction, and importance of sex-life of German men.

Methods

Included were 2,349 heterosexual men from the Bavarian Men's Health-Study. Parameters of sexual life were “sexual activity within the past three months” (sexual activity), “sexual satisfaction”, and “sexual importance”. We assessed four dimensions of the sexual self-concept, namely “body image”, “masculinity”, “sexual self-esteem”, and “perceived social pressure with regard to sexual performance”. For each dimension, a linear regression model was performed to assess associations with sexual activity, sexual satisfaction, and sexual importance controlling for the sexual parameters with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Results

At the time of the survey, 18.7% of the men (mean age 50.4±0.8 years) were sexually active at least 2 times per week, 66.6% at least several times per month and 14.7% reported no sexual activity in the last 3 months. 45.9% reported being (very) satisfied with their sex-life, and 60.9% considered sexuality as (very) important. Higher sexual activity, higher satisfaction, and higher importance were associated with a more positive body image (each p<0.001), and a more positive sexual self-esteem (each p<0.001). Higher sexual activity, higher satisfaction and higher importance were associated with lower perceptions of social pressure (each p<0.01). There was no association between masculinity and sexual activity, sexual satisfaction, and sexual importance.

Conclusions

Higher sexual satisfaction, higher sexual importance, and higher sexual activity were associated with dimensions of the sexual self-concept. Positive perceptions of one's sexuality are associated with a more positive sexual self-concept.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
(184) THE MEDIA'S ROLE IN SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION
Authors: Dr. Abdessamad D S Benalla
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To promote a effective sexual and reproductive health in a conservative muslim countries, the youtube show aims to break taboos and to correct false infiormations and conceptions about sexual lifestyle and diseases.

Methods

Doc Samad Lifestyle show is a daily live free talk show, empowering youth by talking about sexual health issues on their own terms. it connects young people to vital confidential, personalized sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information. Most young people in Arab World countries are in lack to accurate medical sexual information about their sexual wellness without social and religious judgement, thus, Doc Samad show gives the open platform for free counceling and mental coaching.

Results

The show airs daily since 2015, number of emails received is 69280, number of calls received 126488, number of female callers 67776, number of male callers is 58712. Main subjects treated: 47% Vaginism, 32% early ejaculation, 19% sexual orientation troubles. Age rate: 14-18 years old 36%, 18-25 years old. 54%.

Conclusions

Doc Samad Lifestyle show in youtube since 8 years has become an interactive platform for citizens, specifically youth, to express their concerns and satisfy their needs to get scientific information in a joyfull way about sexual and reproductive health in a confidential way, within a cultural and religious context where sexuality is taboo. For informatiom Doc Samad has been beated by Muslims integrist and now live and refugee in Italy.

Conflicts of Interest

No potential conflicts.
(297) THE EFFECT OF PENIS SIZE ON PARTNER SEXUAL SATISFACTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Dr. Shirley Loos , Dr. Sam Ward
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Sexual dysfunctions that men experience due to their anxiety about their penis size may impact their partners’ sexual life as well. In addition, a decrease in sexual satisfaction of a partner caused by an actual pathology in penis size may exacerbate sexual complexities for the couple. Therefore, it is crucial that men and their partners have easy access to reliable information regarding what constitutes normal penile proportions.

Methods

A systematic review of the English (only per reviewed articles) literature was performed on MEDLINE and PubMed to investigate the effect of penis size on partner sexual satisfaction. Keywords including “penis”, “phallus”, “organ size”, “girth”, “circumference”, “length”, “dimension”, “partner”, and “sexual satisfaction” were used to specify searches.

Results

Men who have sex with women All the studies included in this analysis rely on self-reported and non-validated questionnaires, accompanied by small samples and response bias. Therefore, the results of these studies cannot be generalized and further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between penis size and sexual satisfaction of women.

Men who have sex with men In our literature search, we found only one study that evaluated the impact of penis size on partner’s sexual satisfaction. Therefore, current evidence does not allow us to make conclusion on this topic.

Conclusions

It was hypothesized that the choice of a partner during sexual activity was an important component of the sexual selection force that determined the size of the penis. On the other hand, this force has been somewhat ineffective due to the fact that men’s partners do not always perceive the size of their partner’s penis to be the most essential factor in determining the level of sexual satisfaction they experience. Future research needs to test the hypotheses on the relationship between penis size and the sexual satisfaction of the partner.

Conflicts of Interest

no conflicts of interest.
Cataclysmic variables are a key population of gravitational wave sources for LISA
Authors: Scaringi S , Breivik K , Littenberg T B , Knigge C , Groot P J , Veresvarska M
Published: July 2023

The gravitational wave (GW) signals from the Galactic population of cataclysmic variables (CVs) have yet to be carefully assessed. Here, we estimate these signals and evaluate their significance for Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). First, we find that at least three known systems are expected to produce strong enough signals to be individually resolved within the first four years of LISA’s operation. Secondly, CVs will contribute significantly to the LISA Galactic binary background, limiting the mission’s sensitivity in the relevant frequency band. Third, we predict a spike in the unresolved GW background at a frequency corresponding to the CV minimum orbital period. This excess noise may impact the detection of other systems near this characteristic frequency. Fourth, we note that the excess noise spike amplitude and location associated with Pmin ∼ 80 min can be used to measure the CV space density and period bounce location with complementary and simple GW biases compared to the biases and selection effects plaguing samples selected from electromagnetic signals. Our results highlight the need to explicitly include the Galactic CV population in the LISA mission planning, both as individual GW sources and generators of background noise, as well as the exciting prospect of characterising the CV population through their GW emission.
Ongoing Rapid Evolution of a Post-Y Region Revealed by Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly of a Hexaploid Monoecious Persimmon (Diospyros kaki)
Authors: Horiuchi Ayano , Masuda Kanae , Shirasawa Kenta , Onoue Noriyuki , Fujita Naoko , Ushijima Koichiro , Akagi Takashi
Published: July 2023

Plants have evolved sex chromosomes independently in many lineages, and loss of separate sexes can also occur. In this study, we assembled a monoecious recently hexaploidized persimmon (Diospyros kaki), in which the Y chromosome has lost the maleness-determining function. Comparative genomic analysis of D. kaki and its dioecious relatives uncovered the evolutionary process by which the nonfunctional Y chromosome (or Ymonoecy) was derived, which involved silencing of the sex-determining gene, OGI, approximately 2 million years ago. Analyses of the entire X and Ymonoecy chromosomes suggested that D. kaki's nonfunctional male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY), which we call a post-MSY, has conserved some characteristics of the original functional MSY. Specifically, comparing the functional MSY in Diospyros lotus and the nonfunctional “post-MSY” in D. kaki indicated that both have been rapidly rearranged, mainly via ongoing transposable element bursts, resembling structural changes often detected in Y-linked regions, some of which can enlarge the nonrecombining regions. The recent evolution of the post-MSY (and possibly also MSYs in dioecious Diospyros species) therefore probably reflects these regions’ ancestral location in a pericentromeric region, rather than the presence of male-determining genes and/or genes controlling sexually dimorphic traits.
A Conversation on Grounding
Authors: Wilson Mark , Daly Chris
Published: July 2023

Concerning a conversation about grounding between Philo, a quizzical maverick, and Cleanthes, a studious devotee of the very latest trends in metaphysics. Whereas Cleanthes enthuses about grounding, Philo counsels methodological caution and greater immersion in actual scientific practice.
N-terminal alanine-rich (NTAR) sequences drive precise start codon selection resulting in elevated translation of multiple proteins including ERK1/2
Authors: Buscà Roser , Onesto Cercina , Egensperger Mylène , Pouysségur Jacques , Pagès Gilles , Lenormand Philippe
Published: July 2023

We report the discovery of N-terminal alanine-rich sequences, which we term NTARs, that act in concert with their native 5′-untranslated regions to promote selection of the proper start codon. NTARs also facilitate efficient translation initiation while limiting the production of non-functional polypeptides through leaky scanning. We first identified NTARs in the ERK1/2 kinases, which are among the most important signaling molecules in mammals. Analysis of the human proteome reveals that hundreds of proteins possess NTARs, with housekeeping proteins showing a particularly high prevalence. Our data indicate that several of these NTARs act in a manner similar to those found in the ERKs and suggest a mechanism involving some or all of the following features: alanine richness, codon rarity, a repeated amino acid stretch and a nearby second AUG. These features may help slow down the leading ribosome, causing trailing pre-initiation complexes (PICs) to pause near the native AUG, thereby facilitating accurate translation initiation. Amplification of erk genes is frequently observed in cancer, and we show that NTAR-dependent ERK protein levels are a rate-limiting step for signal output. Thus, NTAR-mediated control of translation may reflect a cellular need to precisely control translation of key transcripts such as potential oncogenes. By preventing translation in alternative reading frames, NTAR sequences may be useful in synthetic biology applications, e.g. translation from RNA vaccines.
Shifting Sociodemographic Characteristics of a Phase I Clinical Trial Population at an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Southeast
Authors: Lalonde Chloe S , Switchenko Jeffrey M , Behera Madhusmita , Bilen Mehmet A , Owonikoko Taofeek K , Kaufman Jonathan L , Nooka Ajay K , Lewis Colleen M , Hitron Elise , Collins Hannah , Judson Emma C , Alese Olatunji B , Donald Harvey R , Carlisle Jennifer W
Published: July 2023

Racial and ethnic minority populations are consistently under-represented in oncology clinical trials despite comprising a disproportionate share of a cancer burden. Phase I oncology clinical trials pose a unique challenge and opportunity for minority inclusion. Here we compared the sociodemographic characteristics of patients participating in phase 1 clinical trials a National Cancer Institute ( NCI)-designated comprehensive center to all patients at the center, patients with new cancer diagnosis in metropolitan Atlanta and patients with new cancer diagnoses in the state of Georgia. From 2015 to 2020, 2325 patients (43.4% female, 56.6% male) consented to participate in a phase I trial. Grouped self-reported race distribution was 70.3% White, 26.2% Black, and 3.5% other. Of new patient registrations at Winship Cancer Institute (N = 107 497) (50% F, 50% M), grouped race distribution was 63.3% White, 32.0% Black, and 4.7% other. Patients with new cancer diagnoses in metro Atlanta from 2015 to 2016 (N = 31101) were 58.4% White, 37.2% Black, and 4.3% other. Race and sex distribution of phase I patients was significantly different than Winship patients (P < .001). Over time, percent of White patients decreased in both phase I and Winship groups (P = .009 and P < .001, respectively); percentage of females did not change in either group (P = .54 phase I, P = .063 Winship). Although phase I patients were more likely to be White, male, and privately ensured than the Winship cohort, from 2015 to 2020 the percentage of White patients in phase I trials and among all new patients treated at Winship decreased. The intent of characterizing existing disparities is to improve the representation of patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds in phase I clinical trials.
When Less Is More: Experimental Evidence on Information Delivery During India’s Demonetisation
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Breza Emily , Chandrasekhar Arun G , Golub Benjamin
Published: July 2023

In disseminating information, policymakers face a choice between broadcasting to everyone and informing a small number of “seeds” who then spread the message. While broadcasting maximises the initial reach of messages, we offer theoretical and experimental evidence that it need not be the best strategy. In a field experiment during the 2016 Indian demonetisation, we delivered policy information, varying three dimensions of the delivery method at the village level: initial reach (broadcasting versus seeding); whether or not we induced common knowledge of who was initially informed; and number of facts delivered. We measured three outcomes: the volume of conversations about demonetisation, knowledge of demonetisation rules, and choice quality in a strongly incentivised policy-dependent decision. On all three outcomes, under common knowledge, seeding dominates broadcasting; moreover, adding common knowledge makes seeding more effective but broadcasting less so. We interpret our results via a model of image concerns deterring engagement in social learning, and we support this interpretation with evidence on differential behaviour across ability categories.
Mendelian Randomization Using the Druggable Genome Reveals Genetically Supported Drug Targets for Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Shen Aotian , Zhao Yiran , Xia Junfeng
Published: July 2023

Background and hypothesis

Psychiatric disorders impose a huge health and economic burden on modern society. However, there is currently no proven completely effective treatment available, partly owing to the inefficiency of drug target identification and validation. We aim to identify therapeutic targets relevant to psychiatric disorders by conducting Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Study design

We performed genome-wide MR analysis by integrating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of 4479 actionable genes that encode druggable proteins and genetic summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of psychiatric disorders. After conducting colocalization analysis on the brain MR findings, we employed protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data as genetic proposed instruments for intersecting the colocalized genes to provide further genetic evidence.

Study results

By performing MR and colocalization analysis with eQTL genetic instruments, we obtained 31 promising drug targets for psychiatric disorders, including 21 significant genes for schizophrenia, 7 for bipolar disorder, 2 for depression, 1 for attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD) and none for autism spectrum disorder. Combining MR results using pQTL genetic instruments, we finally proposed 8 drug-targeting genes supported by the strongest MR evidence, including gene ACE, BTN3A3, HAPLN4, MAPK3 and NEK4 for schizophrenia, gene NEK4 and HAPLN4 for bipolar disorder, and gene TIE1 for ADHD.

Conclusions

Our findings with genetic support were more likely to be to succeed in clinical trials. In addition, our study prioritizes approved drug targets for the development of new therapies and provides critical drug reuse opportunities for psychiatric disorders.
Gendered publication patterns in Socio-Economic Review
Authors: Bartosch Julia , Lohmeyer Nora , Auschra Carolin , Jackson Gregory
Published: July 2023

Creating interdisciplinary dialog in the field of socio-economics cannot be separated from the social diversity among scholarly voices within its community. In marking the 20th anniversary year of Socio-Economic Review (SER), this article examines the role of gender among authors and reviewers in SER. Our findings show that women remain underrepresented in terms of authorship and reviewing. While no gender differences exist in overall acceptance rates for submitted papers, a substantial gender gap exists in the number of submissions. Our analysis also highlights how the persistence of gender segregation is related to the predominance of male-only author teams and male-dominated research topics. The article concludes with suggestions for further research and a discussion on gender disparities in socio-economics and other social science fields.
Methylome Response to Proteasome Inhibition by Pseudomonas syringae Virulence Factor Syringolin A
Authors: Bonnet Diane Marie Valerie , Tirot Louis , Grob Stefan , Jullien Pauline Emilie
Published: July 2023

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark required for proper gene expression and silencing of transposable elements. DNA methylation patterns can be modified by environmental factors such as pathogen infection, in which modification of DNA methylation can be associated with plant resistance. To counter the plant defense pathways, pathogens produce effector molecules, several of which act as proteasome inhibitors. Here, we investigated the effect of proteasome inhibition by the bacterial virulence factor syringolin A (SylA) on genome-wide DNA methylation. We show that SylA treatment results in an increase of DNA methylation at centromeric and pericentromeric regions of Arabidopsis chromosomes. We identify several CHH differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that are enriched in the proximity of transcriptional start sites. SylA treatment does not result in significant changes in small RNA composition. However, significant changes in genome transcriptional activity can be observed, including a strong upregulation of resistance genes that are located on chromosomal arms. We hypothesize that DNA methylation changes could be linked to the upregulation of some atypical members of the de novo DNA methylation pathway, namely AGO3, AGO9, and DRM1. Our data suggests that modification of genome-wide DNA methylation resulting from an inhibition of the proteasome by bacterial effectors could be part of an epi-genomic arms race against pathogens.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Effect of Infection Timing by Four Pythium spp. on Soybean Damping-Off Symptoms with and Without Cold Stress
Authors: Matthiesen Rashelle L. , Robertson Alison E.
Published: July 2023

Pythium spp. cause damping-off of soybean, especially when soil conditions at or shortly after planting are cool and wet. Soybean planting dates continue to shift to earlier dates, so germinating seed and seedlings are exposed to periods of cold stress at a time which favors infection by Pythium, and seedling disease occurs. The objective of this study was to assess infection timing and cold stress on soybean seedling disease severity caused by four Pythium spp. prevalent in Iowa, namely P. lutarium, P. oopapillum, P. sylvaticum, and P. torulosum. Each species was used individually to inoculate soybean cultivar ‘Sloan’ using a rolled towel assay. Two temperature treatments (continuous 18°C [C18]; a 48-h cold stress period at 10°C [CS]) were applied. Soybean seedling age was divided into five growth stages (GS1 to GS5). Root rot severity and root length were assessed at 2, 4, 7, and 10 days after inoculation (DAI). At C18, root rot was greatest when soybean was inoculated with P. lutarium or P. sylvaticum at GS1 (seed imbibes water) and with P. oopapillum or P. torulosum at GS1, GS2 (radicle elongation), and GS3 (hypocotyl emergence). After CS, soybean susceptibility to P. lutarium and P. sylvaticum was reduced compared to C18 for inoculation at all GSs except GS5 (unifoliate leaf emergence). Conversely, root rot by P. oopapillum and P. torulosum was greater after CS compared to C18. Data from this study demonstrate that greater root rot, and consequently more damping-off, is likely if infection occurs at early germination stages before seedling emergence.
Virulence Dynamics of the Barley Leaf Rust Pathogen (Puccinia hordei) in the United States from 1989 to 2020
Authors: Nazareno Eric S. , Matny Oadi , Jin Yue , Fetch Thomas , Rouse Matthew N. , Steffenson Brian J.
Published: July 2023

Barley leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, is an important disease of barley worldwide. The pathogen can develop new races that overcome resistance genes, emphasizing the need for monitoring its virulence. This study characterized 519 P. hordei isolates collected in the United States from the 1989 to 2000 and 2010 to 2020 survey periods on 15 Rph (Reaction to Puccinia hordei) genes. We analyzed linearized infection type data to detect virulence patterns across the United States and in five geographical regions: Pacific/West (PW), Southwest (SW), Midwest (MW), Northeast (NE), and Southeast (SE). Over 32 years, we observed high mean infection scores for Rph1.a, Rph4.d, and Rph8.h; intermediate scores for Rph2.b, Rph9.i, Rph10.o, Rph11.p, and Rph13.x; and low scores for Rph3.c, Rph5.e, Rph5.f, Rph7.g, Rph9.z, Rph14.ab, and Rph15.ad. Virulence for Rph2.b, Rph3.c, Rph5.e, Rph9.z, Rph10.o, Rph11.p, and Rph13.x significantly differed between the two survey periods. From 1989 to 2020, regional patterns of virulence were found for Rph5.e, Rph5.f, Rph7.g, and Rph14.ab, while regionalities of virulence for Rph3.c, Rph9.i, Rph9.z were only observed in the 2010 to 2020 survey period. Virulence associations were also detected in the P. hordei population. Notably, isolates that were virulent to Rph5.e and Rph6.f were more likely to be avirulent to Rph7.g and Rph13.x, and vice versa. In decreasing order of effectiveness, Rph15.ad, Rph5.e, Rph3.c, Rph9.z, Rph7.g, Rph5.f, and Rph14.ab were the most effective Rph genes in the United States from 1989 to 2020. Pyramiding Rph15.ad with other widely effective Rph and adult plant resistance genes may provide long-lasting resistance against P. hordei.
Morphologic, Morphometric, and Molecular Characterization of Vietnamese Populations of Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Trinh Quang Phap , Le Thi Mai Linh , Nguyen Thi Duyen , Nguyen Huu Tien
Published: July 2023

Meloidogyne incognita is considered the most damaging and common root-knot nematode to numerous host plants worldwide. During a survey of nematodes in Vietnam, 1,106 samples from 22 different plant species were collected. M. incognita was recorded on 13 of the 22 host plants. Four populations of M. incognita from four host plants were chosen for comparison and confirmation of their morphologic, morphometric, and molecular characteristics. Genetically based phylogenetic trees were constructed to show relationships among root-knot nematodes. Molecular barcodes of four gene regions, ITS, D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, COI, and Nad5 mtDNA, integrated with morphologic and morphometric data were used as reliable references for molecular identification of M. incognita. Our analyses indicated that tropical root-knot nematodes are very similar in characterization of ITS, D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, and COI regions. However, these gene regions can be used to separate the tropical root-knot nematode group from other groups. On the other hand, the analysis of Nad5 mtDNA and multiplex-PCR with specific primers can be used to distinguish tropical species.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Wheat Cultivars in Response to Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis and Its T2SS, T3SS, and TALEs Deficient Strains
Authors: Shah Syed Mashab Ali , Khojasteh Moein , Wang Qi , Haq Fazal , Xu Xiameng , Li Ying , Zou Lifang , Osdaghi Ebrahim , Chen Gongyou
Published: July 2023

Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis causes bacterial leaf streak disease on small grain cereals. Type II and III secretion systems (T2SS and T3SS) play a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of the bacterium, while no data are available on the transcriptomic profile of wheat cultivars infected with either wild type (WT) or mutants of the pathogen. In this study, WT, TAL-effector mutants, and T2SS/T3SS mutants of X. translucens pv. cerealis strain NXtc01 were evaluated for their effect on the transcriptomic profile of two wheat cultivars, ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Yangmai-158’, using Illumina RNA-sequencing technology. RNA-Seq data showed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was higher in Yangmai-158 than in Chinese Spring, suggesting higher susceptibility of Yangmai-158 to the pathogen. In T2SS, most suppressed DEGs were related to transferase, synthase, oxidase, WRKY, and bHLH transcription factors. The gspD mutants showed significantly decreased disease development in wheat, suggesting an active contribution of T2SS in virulence. Moreover, the gspD mutant restored full virulence and its multiplication in planta by addition of gspD in trans. In the T3SS-deficient strain, downregulated DEGs were associated with cytochrome, peroxidases, kinases, phosphatases, WRKY, and ethylene-responsive transcription factors. In contrast, upregulated DEGs were trypsin inhibitors, cell number regulators, and calcium transporter. Transcriptomic analyses coupled with quantitative real-time-PCR indicated that some genes are upregulated in Δ tal1/Δ tal2 compared with the tal-free strain, but no direct interaction was observed. These results provide novel insight into wheat transcriptomes in response to X. translucens infection and pave the way for understanding host–pathogen interactions.
Competitiveness of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs and Applicants
Authors: Michelotti Ali M. , Stansbury Nicholas , Treffalls Rebecca N. , Page-Ramsey Sarah M.
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the change in competitiveness of obstetrics and gynecology programs over 20 years using a normalized competitive index.

METHODS:

Obstetrics and gynecology match data were obtained from the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) for 2003–2022. Applicant metrics (United States Medical Licensing Examination scores, score percentiles, research output and experiences, and work and volunteer experiences) were obtained from the NRMP and the Association of American Medical Colleges (2007–2021). The competitive index was calculated using the number of positions available divided by match rate each year between 2003 and 2022. The normalized competitive index was calculated by dividing the yearly competitive index by the average competitive index over 20 years. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and linear regressions.

RESULTS:

When comparing the two decades (2003–2012 vs 2013–2022), applicants (1,539±242 vs 1,902±144; P<.001), positions (1,173±31 vs 1,345±98; P<.001), and number of programs ranked per applicant (13±1.4 vs 15±0.6; P<.001) have increased. While the match rate did not significantly change from 2003 to 2022 (75.5%±9.9% vs 70.5%±1.6%; P=.14), the normalized competitive index increased (R2=0.92, P<.001), indicating increased competitiveness. Applicant metrics increased over time, including research output (2.4±0.8 vs 5.0±0.7; P=.002) and work experiences (2.9±0.2 vs 3.6±0.1; P=.002; R2=0.98, P<.001).

CONCLUSION:

Despite an increase in obstetrics and gynecology applicants and applicant metrics, match rates remain unchanged. However, the competitiveness of programs has significantly increased, as demonstrated by the normalized competitive index, applicants per position, and applicant metrics. The normalized competitive index is a useful metric for applicants to determine program or applicant competitiveness, especially when used alongside applicant metrics.
Effectiveness of Self-Managed Medication Abortion Between 9 and 16 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Moseson Heidi , Jayaweera Ruvani , Egwuatu Ijeoma , Grosso Bélen , Kristianingrum Ika Ayu , Nmezi Sybil , Zurbriggen Ruth , Bercu Chiara , Motana Relebohile , Gerdts Caitlin
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate abortion completion after self-managed medication abortion in pregnancies at or beyond 9 weeks of gestation.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in which we recruited callers to three abortion-accompaniment groups in Argentina, Nigeria, and Southeast Asia who were initiating a self-managed medication abortion. Participants completed a baseline survey over the phone before taking pills and then two follow-up phone surveys 1 and 3 weeks after taking pills. The primary outcome was abortion completion; secondary outcomes included physical experiences and health care seeking and treatment.

RESULTS:

Between 2019 and 2020, we enrolled 1,352 participants, 19.5% (264/1,352) of whom self-managed a medication abortion at 9 or more weeks of gestation: 75.0% (198/264) at 9–11 weeks, 19.3% (51/264) at 12–14 weeks, and 5.7% (15/264) at 15–22 weeks. Participants were aged 26 years on average (SD 5.6 years); 56.4% (149/264) used the combined regimen (mifepristone+misoprostol), and 43.6% (115/264) used misoprostol only. At the last follow-up, 89.4% (236/264) had a complete abortion without procedural intervention, 5.3% (14/264) had a complete abortion with manual vacuum aspiration or dilation and curettage procedure, 4.9% (13/264) had an incomplete abortion, and 0.4% (1/264) participants did not report an abortion outcome. Some participants (23.5%, 62/264) sought health care during or after the self-managed medication abortion, most commonly to confirm completion (15.9%, 42/264); 9.1% (24/264) needed further medical intervention (procedural evacuation, antibiotics, additional misoprostol, intravenous fluids, blood transfusion, or overnight stay in the facility). Those who were 12 or more weeks pregnant were more likely to seek care at a clinic or hospital than those who were 9–11 weeks pregnant (adjusted relative risk 1.62, 95% CI 1.3–2.1).

CONCLUSION:

People who self-managed an abortion with medication between 9 and 16 weeks of gestation had high levels of abortion completion and accessed health care to confirm completion or to treat potential complications.

CLINICAL  TRIAL  REGISTRATION:

ISRCTN, ISRCTN95769543.
Quality of Life and Postoperative Satisfaction in Patients with Benign Extramedullary Spinal Tumors
Authors: Nakarai Hiroyuki , Kato So , Yamato Yukimasa , Kodama Hiroyasu , Ohba Yutaro , Sasaki Katsuyuki , Iizuka Tetsusai , Tozawa Keiichiro , Urayama Daiki , Komatsu Naoto , Okazaki Rentaro , Oshina Masahito , Ogiso Sawako , Masuda Kazuhiro , Maayan Omri , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi
Published: July 2023

Study design:

Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected registry data.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and postoperative satisfaction in patients with different histotypes of benign extramedullary spinal tumors (ESTs).

Background:

Little is known about how different histotypes influence HRQOL and postoperative satisfaction in EST patients.

Methods:

Patients undergoing primary benign EST surgery at 11 tertiary referral hospitals between 2017-2021 who completed preoperative and 1-year postoperative questionnaires were included. HRQOL assessment included the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) of Short Form-12, EuroQol 5-dimension, Oswestry/Neck Disability Index (ODI/NDI), and Numeric Rating Scales (NRS) for upper/lower extremities (UEP/LEP) and back pain (BP). Patients who answered “very satisfied”, “satisfied”, or “somewhat satisfied” on a seven-point Likert scale were considered to be satisfied with treatment. Student t-tests or Welch’s t-test were used to compare continuous variables between two groups, and one-way analysis of variance was used to compare outcomes between the three groups of EST histotypes (schwannoma, meningioma, atypical). Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.

Results:

A total of 140 consecutive EST patients were evaluated; 100 (72%) had schwannomas, 30 (21%) had meningiomas, and 10 (7%) had other ESTs. Baseline PCS was significantly worse in patients with meningiomas (P=0.04) and baseline NRS-LEP was significantly worse in patients with schwannomas (P=0.03). However, there were no significant differences in overall postoperative HRQOL or patient satisfaction between histology types. Overall, 121 (86%) patients were satisfied with surgery. In a subgroup analysis comparing intradural schwannomas and meningiomas adjusted for patient demographics and tumor location with inverse probability weighting, schwannoma patients had worse baseline MCS (P=0.03), ODI (P=0.03), NRS-BP (P<.001), and NRS-LEP (P=0.001). Schwannoma patients also had worse postoperative MCS (P=0.03) and NRS-BP (P=0.001), with no significant difference in the percentage of satisfied patients (P=0.30).

Conclusions:

Patients who underwent primary benign EST resection had a significant improvement in HRQOL postoperatively, and approximately 90% of these patients reported being satisfied with their treatment outcomes one year after surgery. EST patients may exhibit a relatively lower threshold for postoperative satisfaction compared to patients undergoing surgery for degenerative spine conditions.

Level of Evidence:

3.
Serelaxin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammatory Response in Cardiac Fibroblasts by Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ and Suppressing the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Xueping , Lv Yehui , Li Zhihong , Yang Zhifang
Published: July 2023

Serelaxin (sRLX) has an inhibitory effect on fibrosis. However, whether the antifibrotic effects of sRLX are achieved by inhibiting the inflammatory response has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the role of sRLX in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cardiac fibroblasts and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from adult rat hearts. The effect of sRLX on the inhibition of the inflammatory response after LPS induction was examined. Cell viability was measured by MMT assay. Cell proliferation was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8. The levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I/III, MMP-2, MMP-9, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IκBα, p-IκBα, p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels of α-SMA, collagen I/III, MMP-2, MMP-9, IκBα, p-IκBα, p65, p-p65, and PPAR-γ were examined by western blotting. sRLX inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, α-SMA, and collagen I/III, and elevated the expression of IL-10, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Moreover, LPS-induced activation of NF-κB pathway was suppressed by sRLX treatment. Further studies showed that sRLX did not significantly increase the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA and protein, but activated PPAR-γ activity, and the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662 reversed the inhibitory effect of sRLX on IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production. These results suggest that sRLX alleviates cardiac fibrosis by stimulating PPAR-γ through a ligand-independent mechanism that subsequently abolish the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway.
Integrating Macular Optical Coherence Tomography with Ultrawide Field Imaging in a Diabetic Retinopathy Telemedicine Program Using a Single Device
Authors: Aiello Lloyd Paul , Jacoba Cris Martin P. , Ashraf Mohamed , Cavallerano Jerry D. , Tolson Ann M. , Tolls Dot , Sun Jennifer K. , Silva Paolo S.
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To determine the effect of combined macular optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and ultrawide field retinal imaging (UWFI) within a telemedicine program.

Methods:

Comparative cohort study of consecutive patients with both UWFI and SD-OCT. UWFI and SD-OOCT were independently evaluated for diabetic macular edema (DME) and non-diabetic macular pathology. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with SD-OCT as gold standard.

Results:

422 eyes from 211 diabetic patients were evaluated. DME severity by UWFI: no DME 93.4%, non-center involved DME (nonciDME) 5.1%, ciDME 0.7%, ungradable DME 0.7%. SD-OCT was ungradable in 0.5%. Macular pathology was identified in 34 (8.1%) eyes by UWFI and in 44 (10.4%) eyes by SD-OCT. DME represented only 38.6% of referable macular pathology identified by SD-OCT imaging. Sensitivity/specificity of UWFI compared to SD-OCT was 59%/96% for DME and 33%/99% for ciDME. Sensitivity/specificity of UWFI compared to SDOCT was 3%/98% for ERM.

Conclusions:

Addition of SD-OCT increased the identification of macular pathology by 29.4%. Over 58.3% of the eyes thought to have any DME on UWF imaging alone were false positives by SD-OCT. The integration of SD-OCT with UWFI markedly increased detection and reduced false positive assessments of DME and macular pathology in a teleophthalmology program.
Efficacy of Presbyopia-Correcting Contact Lenses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Molina-Martín Ainhoa , Piñero David P. , Martínez-Plaza Elena , Rodríguez-Vallejo Manuel , Fernández Joaquin
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To analyze critically the clinical trials on presbyopia correction with contact lenses (CLs) to investigate the quality of the research performed.

Methods:

A search was performed in PubMed database on clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of the presbyopia correction with different CLs, including multifocal or simultaneous vision contact lenses (MCLs). After a comprehensive analysis of the relevant publications found, quality assessment of such publications was performed by means of Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist tool according to the five types of evaluations: MCL versus spectacles, MCL versus pinhole CLs, MCL versus monovision, comparison between MCL designs, and MCL versus extended depth of focus CLs.

Results:

A total of 16 clinical trials were selected for evaluation. All evaluated studies addressed a clearly focused research question and were randomized, with a crossover design in most of the cases. Blinding was not possible in all cases due to the physical appearance of some of the CLs evaluated (pinhole or hybrid designs). Most of studies analyzed reported outcomes with complete data, providing the statistical tests used and the P-values, but some of the authors did not provide the statistical power associated to the sample size evaluated. The small sample size in some trials as well as the scarce information about the effect of addition on visual performance was the main limitations found in the peer-reviewed literature revised.

Conclusions:

There is a high-quality scientific evidence supporting the use of presbyopia-correcting CLs, with several randomized controlled clinical trials conducted to this date.
Designing an Effective Organizational Culture to Guard Against the Cyber Risks of Emerging Technologies
Authors: Watkins Megan E.
Published: July 2023

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and interoperable technologies have transformed how patient data affect medical care; such technological innovations revolutionize how healthcare organizations (HCOs) improve cost, quality, and access. New cyber risks, however, accompany developing cyber ecosystems. Although immediate data exchange is beneficial, risk arises from the IoMT's increased susceptibility to human influence. The success of quality care relies on protecting health information technology (HIT) against newly developing cyber vulnerabilities. Therefore, managers must be just as invested in their HCO's cybersecurity protocols as cybercriminals are in bypassing those protocols. This essay proposes a healthcare cyber resiliency model that leverages human and technical factors through a cycle of feedback and process improvement. It intends to equip healthcare administrators with the foundational philosophy necessary to secure their emerging technologies.
Pivot Shift Syndrome of the Knee
Authors: McLeod Kevin C. , Barber F. Alan
Published: July 2023

The pivot shift test, in contrast to the Lachman or anterior drawer, is a manually subjective clinical test that simulates the injury mechanism. It is the most sensitive test to determine ACL insufficiency. This paper reviews the history, development, research, and treatment associated with the pivot shift phenomenon which is associated with tearing and loss of function of the knee anterior cruciate ligament. The pivot shift test most closely recapitulates what the symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament deficient patient feels is happening which is an abnormal translation and rotation of the injured joint during flexion or extension. The test is best conducted in the relaxed patient by applying knee flexion, tibial external rotation, and valgus stress. The pivot shift biomechanics and treatment measures are reviewed.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Balance Training for Fall Prevention in Older Adults: Systematic Review
Authors: Martínez Montilla Lizeth Alejandra , López Cruces Katherine , Calderón Erazo Héctor Sebastián , Calderón Ortiz Eduardo José , Arango Hoyos Gloria Patricia , Gómez Lessby , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés
Published: July 2023

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in balance training for the prevention of falls in older adults.

Methods:

We included studies with experimental designs, cohort studies, and quasi-experimental studies of older adults who underwent balance training associated with the use of VR for the prevention of falls. The comparison of control and intervention groups in the studies reported statistically significant improvements in terms of balance for VR.

Results:

The effects and benefits from the use of VR were seen by the fourth week of intervention, with significant improvements in balance and lower fall rates, the improvements became greater for groups using VR.

Conclusions:

The benefits presented by the studies were related not only to balance but also to fear of falling, reaction time, gait, physical fitness, independence in activities of daily living, muscle strength, and even quality of life.
Effects of Case Management in Trauma Patients in Taiwan: A Randomized, Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hung Chang-Chiao , Kao Hsueh-Fen S. , Jimenez Sarah Y. , Tonapa Santo Imanuel , Lee Bih-O
Published: July 2023

Background:

Case management can improve trauma patient outcomes from the acute to rehabilitation phases. However, a lack of evidence on the effects of case management in trauma patients makes it difficult to translate research findings into clinical practice.

Objective:

To examine the effects of case management on illness perception, coping strategies, and quality of life in trauma patients followed up to 9 months post-hospital discharge.

Methods:

A four-wave longitudinal experimental design was used. Patients with traumatic injury hospitalized at a regional hospital in southern Taiwan from 2019 to 2020 were randomly assigned to a case management (experimental) or a usual care (control) group. The intervention was implemented during hospitalization with a phone call follow-up about 2 weeks post-discharge. Illness perception, coping strategies, and health-related quality-of-life perceptions were measured at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months after discharge. Generalized estimating equations were used for analysis.

Results:

Findings showed a significant difference in illness perception at 3 and 6 months and coping strategies used at 6 and 9 months after discharge between the two groups. No significant difference in the quality of life over time between the two groups was found.

Conclusion:

Although case management appears to help patients with traumatic injuries decrease illness perception and better cope with their injury, it did not significantly improve their quality of life 9 months after discharge. It is recommended that health care professionals develop long-term case management strategies for high-risk trauma patients.