bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Seismic Performance of Chinese‐Style Single‐Layer Suspended Ceiling System by Shaking Table Tests
Authors: Jiang Huanjun , Wang Yong , He Liusheng
Published: September 2021

During some recent earthquakes, the suspended ceiling system (SCS) in buildings suffered severe damage. The seismic performance of SCS attracted more attention from researchers. In this study, full‐scale shaking table tests on two Chinese‐style single‐layer SCSs with different boundary conditions are conducted. The seismic damage and earthquake responses, including acceleration, displacement, and strain responses, are compared. The effect of the boundary condition on the seismic performance of the SCS is studied. It is found that the seismic performance of the SCS is significantly affected by the boundary condition. Compared with the SCS with the free condition at the boundary, the damage to the SCS installed with seismic clips at the boundary is much slighter. Compared with the SCS with the free condition, the median of acceleration amplification factor (AAF), the peak displacement (PD), and maximum strain of the SCS installed with seismic clips are reduced by up to 63%, 99%, and 84%, respectively. At the end of the tests, the SCS with the free condition at the boundary completely collapsed with 68% of the panels falling, while only 15% of panels fell in the SCS installed with seismic clips. The seismic clips could avoid the falling of the grids from the peripheral support and ensure the integrity of the SCS. With the help of seismic clips installed at the boundary, the responses of the ceiling, such as acceleration, displacement, and strain, decrease significantly, and thereof, the collapse resistance capacity is improved.
Research and Application of Intelligent Monitoring System Platform for Safety Risk and Risk Investigation in Urban Rail Transit Engineering Construction
Authors: Wu Yong , Zhao Liang-Yun , Jiang Ye-Xiang , Li Wei , Wang Ye-Sheng , Zhao Huan , Wu Wei , Zhang Xiong-Jian
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the construction scale of urban rail transit project is still in a high growth stage. In addition, the geology and surrounding environment of crossing lines are complex, and all kinds of safety accidents are still in a high incidence stage. Based on the investigation and summary of safety risk events and their causes in urban rail transit engineering construction at home and abroad, this paper fully combines the current national security management policies, introduces the “dual control” concept of safety risk classification and hidden danger investigation, and develops the intelligent monitoring system platform for urban rail transit engineering construction based on advanced technologies such as intelligent Internet of Things, 3D visualization, and artificial intelligence. It realizes the intelligent collection and analysis of engineering field monitoring data, the dynamic early warning management of engineering risk sources, the process embedding “dual control” mechanism of safety risk and hidden danger investigation, the real‐time supervision of large equipment operations such as shield and hoisting, and the real‐time control of high‐risk operation sections such as contact channels. At the same time, the traceability and assessment management of the safety supervision process are strengthened. The parties involved in the project can realize the synchronous sharing of information through the platform and improve the efficiency of on‐site safety and quality control.
Dust Removal from 3D Point Cloud Data in Mine Plane Areas Based on Orthogonal Total Least Squares Fitting and GA‐TELM
Authors: Wang Jingli , Zhang Huiyuan , Gao Jingxiang , Xiao Dong
Published: September 2021

With the further development of the construction of “smart mine,” the establishment of three‐dimensional (3D) point cloud models of mines has become very common. However, the truck operation caused the 3D point cloud model of the mining area to contain dust points, and the 3D point cloud model established by the Context Capture modeling software is a hollow structure. The previous point cloud denoising algorithms caused holes in the model. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes the point cloud denoising method based on orthogonal total least squares fitting and two‐layer extreme learning machine improved by genetic algorithm (GA‐TELM). The steps are to separate dust points and ground points by orthogonal total least squares fitting and use GA‐TELM to repair holes. The advantages of the proposed method are listed as follows. First, this method could denoise without generating holes, which solves engineering problems. Second, GA‐TELM has a better effect in repairing holes compared with the other methods considered in this paper. Finally, this method starts from actual problems and could be used in mining areas with the same problems. Experimental results demonstrate that it can remove dust spots in the flat area of the mine effectively and ensure the integrity of the model.
Intrusion Detection for Network Based on Elite Clone Artificial Bee Colony and Back Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Qi Guohong , Zhou Jie , Jia Wenxian , Liu Menghan , Zhang Shengnan , Xu Mengying
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of Internet technology, network attacks have become more frequent and complex, and intrusion detection has also played an increasingly important role in network security. Intrusion detection is real‐time and proactive, and it is an indispensable technology under the diversified trend of network security issues. In terms of network security, neural networks have the characteristics of self‐learning, self‐adaptation, and parallel computing, which are very important in intrusion detection. This paper combines back propagation neural network (BPNN) and elite clone artificial bee colony (ECABC) to propose a new ECABC‐BPNN, which updates and optimizes the settings of traditional BPNN weights and thresholds. Then, apply ECABC‐BPNN to network intrusion detection. Use the attack data samples of KDD CUP 99 and water pipe for attack classification experiments using GA‐BPNN, PSO‐BPNN, and ECABC‐BPNN. The results show that the ECABC‐BPNN proposed in this paper has an accuracy rate of 98.08% on KDD 99 and 99.76% on water pipe data. ECABC‐BPNN effectively improves the accuracy of network intrusion classification and reduces classification errors. In addition, the time complexity of using ECABC‐BPNN to classify network attacks is relatively low. Therefore, ECABC‐BPNN has superior performance in network intrusion detection and classification.
A Meta-Analysis of Erectile Dysfunction and Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Li Shen , Song Ju-Min , Zhang Ke , Zhang Chang-Le
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: PubMed was searched for reports published before June 2019. Data were extracted and combined odds ratios (ORs) calculated with random-effects models. Results: Finally, 46 studies were included (216,461 participants). The results of our meta-analysis indicated that there was a significant association between regular alcohol consumption and ED (OR 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.97). There was no indication of publication bias (Egger’s test, p = 0.37). In the stratified analysis, the pooled OR of ED for light to moderate and high alcohol consumption was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72–0.94) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.67–1.00), respectively. No variable related to the source of heterogeneity was found in univariate and multivariate meta-regression analyses. A dose-response meta-analysis suggested that a nonlinear relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of ED was observed (p for nonlinearity <0.001). Conclusion: A J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of ED was observed. Alcohol should be taken in moderate quantities in order to obtain the dual effect of disinhibition and relaxation. If taken chronically, it could provoke vascular damages.
Assessment of Long-Term in vitro Multiplied Human Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells prior to Their Use in Clinical Administration
Authors: Panwar Urvi , Mishra Kanchan , Patel Parizad , Bharadva Sumit , Vaniawala Salil , Shah Anjali , Vundinti Babu Rao , Kothari Shanker Lal , Ghosh Kanjaksha
Published: September 2021

The quantity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) required for a particular therapy demands their subsequent expansion through ex vivo culture. During in vitro multiplication, they undergo replicative senescence which may alter their genetic stability. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze cellular, molecular, and chromosomal alterations in Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) during their in vitro sequential passages, where WJ-MSCs were sequentially passaged up to P14 and cells were evaluated at an interval of P2, P6, P10, and P14. They were examined for their morphology, tumorigenicity, surface markers, stemness markers, DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, and telomere length. We have processed five full-term delivered human umbilical cord samples to obtain WJ-MSCs. Morphological appearance observed at initial stages was small fine spindle-shaped WJ-MSCs which were transformed to flat, long, and broader cells in later passages. The cell proliferation rate was gradually decreased after the 10th passage. WJ-MSCs have expressed stemness markers OCT-4 and NANOG, while they showed high expression of positive surface markers CD90 and CD105 and lower expression of CD34 and CD45. They were non-tumorigenic with slow cellular aging during subsequent passages. There was no chromosomal abnormality up to the 14th passage, while increase in comet score and decrease in telomere length were observed in later passages. Hence, our study suggests that early and middle passaged (less than P10) WJ-MSCs are good candidates for clinical administration for treatment.
Ki67 as Proliferative Marker in Patients with Early Breast Cancer and Its Association with Clinicopathological Factors
Authors: de Gregorio Amelie , Friedl Thomas Wolfram Paul , Hering Eva , Widschwendter Peter , de Gregorio Nikolaus , Bekes Inga , Janni Wolfgang , Dayan Davut , Huober Jens Bodo
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Ki67 as a proliferative marker has prognostic and therapeutic relevance in early breast cancer (EBC). However, standard cutoffs for distinguishing low and high Ki67 do not exist. Material and Methods: Data from all patients treated at the University Hospital Ulm for EBC between January 2013 and December 2015 with documented results for internal Ki67 assessment of the primary (n = 917) tumor were retrospectively analyzed evaluating the associations between Ki67 and other clinicopathological factors. Results: 595 (64.9%) patients had a Ki67 <20% and 322 (35.1%) a Ki67 ≥20%. The median Ki67 was 10% (range 1–90%). Median Ki67 values according to the hormone receptor (HR)/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) subtypes were 10% for HR-positive/HER2 negative (HR+/HER2−) disease (n = 717), 20% for HR+/HER2+ (n = 76), 30% for HR−/HER2+ (n = 45), and 60% for HR−/HER2− (n = 75). 75.2% or 89.3% of all patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative disease had a Ki67 ≥20%, respectively. Using a multivariable logistic regression with Ki67 (<20% vs. ≥20%) as binary dependent variable, younger age, positive nodal status, higher grading, histological nonspecific type carcinoma, negative HR status, and positive HER2 status were shown to be significantly associated with a higher proliferative index (Ki67 ≥20%). Conclusion: This analysis described Ki67 in different subtypes in EBC and its association with clinicopathological factors. According to more aggressive tumor biology, the respective subgroups also showed higher median Ki67 levels. However, definition of low and high proliferation index itself is difficult. It is essential to interpret Ki67 indices carefully with regard to the own institutional values and other clinicopathological factors.
Attitude Matters! How Attitude towards Bariatric Surgery Influences the Effects of Behavioural Weight Loss Treatment
Authors: Bauer Kerstin , Schild Sandra , Sauer Helene , Teufel Martin , Stengel Andreas , Giel Katrin Elisabeth , Schellhorn Philipp , Junne Florian , Nieß Andreas , Zipfel Stephan , Mack Isabelle
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Multidisciplinary obesity services at university hospitals usually treat patients with more complex and severe obesity. In addition, patients with Class 3 obesity, in particular, have different attitudes regarding the choices of therapy. Methods: This explorative study investigated the effect of patient attitudes towards bariatric surgery on body weight change (primary outcome) and psychological improvement (secondary outcomes: quality of life, depression, anxiety, and eating behaviour) in a 6-month moderate behavioural weight loss (BWL) programme in a university outpatient setting. Results: 297 patients with mostly Class 3 obesity participated in the programme. The patients did not yet have any indications for bariatric surgery. Of the participants, 37% had a positive attitude towards bariatric surgery (POS), whereas 38% had a negative attitude (NEG). The drop-out rate was 8%. NEG participants lost significantly more body weight than the POS participants (intention-to-treat population: 4.5 [SD: 6.3] kg versus 0.4 [SD: 5.8] kg; p < 0.001). In both subgroups, anxiety, depression, the mental score for quality of life, and eating behaviour improved. Conclusion: A BWL treatment in a clinical setting identified 2 distinct groups with different attitudes towards bariatric surgery that were associated with different body weight change outcomes. These groups may require differently targeted programmes to achieve the best body weight loss results.
Overuse of Oral Corticosteroids, Underuse of Inhaled Corticosteroids, and Implications for Biologic Therapy in Asthma
Authors: Eger Katrien , Amelink Marijke , Hashimoto Simone , Hekking Pieter-Paul , Longo Cristina , Bel Elisabeth H.
Published: September 2021

Background: Asthma patients using high cumulative doses of oral corticosteroids (OCSs) are at risk of serious adverse events and are increasingly being treated with steroid-sparing asthma biologics. However, it is unknown whether prescribing these expensive biologics is always justified. Objectives: This study aimed to (1) assess the prevalence of asthma patients using high cumulative doses of OCSs, (2) explore the role of suboptimal inhaler therapy, and (3) estimate the proportion of patients to whom asthma biologics might be prescribed unnecessarily. Methods: All adults (n = 5,002) with at least 1 prescription of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (≥500–1,000 mcg/day fluticasone-equivalent) and/or OCSs (GINA step 4–5) in 2010 were selected from a pharmacy database including 500,500 Dutch inhabitants, and sent questionnaires. Of 2,312 patients who returned questionnaires, 929 had asthma. We calculated the annual cumulative OCS dose and prescription fillings and checked inhaler technique in a sample of 60 patients. Patients estimated to have good adherence and inhaler proficiency who still required high doses of OCSs (≥420 mg/year) were considered candidates for initiating biologic treatment. Results: 29.5% of asthma patients on GINA 4–5 therapy used high doses of OCSs, of which 78.1% were likely to have poor therapy adherence or inadequate inhaler technique. Only 21.9% were considered definitive candidates for biologic therapy. Conclusion: High OCS use in Dutch GINA 4–5 asthma patients was common. However, in 4 out of 5 patients adherence to inhaled corticosteroid therapy and/or inhalation technique was considered suboptimal. Since optimizing inhaler therapy may reduce the need for OCSs, this should be mandatory before prescribing expensive steroid-sparing drugs.
Levels and Associations of Weight Misperception with Healthy Lifestyle among Adults in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Althumiri Nora A. , Basyouni Mada H. , BinDhim Nasser F. , Alqahtani Saleh A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Obesity affects more than one-quarter of adults in Saudi Arabia and is on the rise. A significant proportion of overweight and obese individuals misperceive their weight, and this misperception can affect their likelihood to exercise, consume healthy foods, or change unhealthy dietary habits. This study examines the prevalence of weight misperceptions in a national sample of Saudi adults and explores weight misperception association with sociodemographic factors, behavioral factors, and health status. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews. A proportional quota sampling technique was used to obtain equal distributions of participants, stratified by age and gender, across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Weight and height were self-reported, and obesity was determined as a BMI ≥30. Participants were asked to describe their current weight as ideal, underweight, overweight, or obese. Misclassification was then compared across groups according to a range of sociodemographic factors, behavioral risk factors, and health indicators. Results: Of the 6,239 participants contacted, 4,709 (75.5%) responded and completed the interview. Of them, 50.1% were female, and the mean age was 36.4 (SD ± 13.55) years. The majority (70.1%) of participants indicated having weighed themselves within the past 30 days. The prevalence of weight misperception in general was 42.0%, and in obese participants, it was 67.6%. In addition, a significant association was observed between weight misperception and obesity, age-group, educational level, diagnosed chronic condition, self-rated health, and sedentary lifestyle. There was no significant association between weight misperception and gender, physical activity, or a nutritional knowledge. Conclusions: Weight misperception could be used as an indicator of a poor health routine that may lead to negative health outcomes.
Limitations of SARC-F as a Screening Tool for Sarcopenia in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Imamura Keigo , Yamamoto Shohei , Suzuki Yuta , Matsuzawa Ryota , Harada Manae , Yoshikoshi Shun , Yoshida Atsushi , Matsunaga Atsuhiko
Published: September 2021

Introduction: There are limited screening tools for sarcopenia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the SARC-F (Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls) questionnaire as a screening tool for sarcopenia (defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia [AWGS2019]) in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 179 patients (mean age: 66.5 ± 12 years, 58% men) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 3 times per week at a hemodialysis center in Japan. The SARC-F score, handgrip strength, usual gait speed, sit-to-stand test time, short physical performance battery (SPPB), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were evaluated. The reliability and validity of the SARC-F were analyzed using receiver-operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), and sensitivity/specificity analyses. Results: There were 49 (27.4%) patients with sarcopenia. Patients with SARC-F ≥4 (59 patients, 33.0%) had poorer grip strength, lower SPPB score, and slower gait speed than those with SARC-F <4, while the skeletal muscle mass index did not differ significantly between the two groups. The sensitivity and specificity values of the SARC-F for identifying sarcopenia were 42.9% and 70.8%, respectively, while those for identifying severe sarcopenia were 66.7% and 72.3%, respectively. The AUCs of SARC-F were 0.57 for sarcopenia and 0.70 for severe sarcopenia. Discussion/Conclusion: The SARC-F alone is an inadequate screening tool for sarcopenia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. It should be used in combination with objective assessment measures, rather than as a first-step screening tool, to diagnose sarcopenia.
Characterization of Cycling in a Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys)
Authors: Guntrum Erin B. , Haley Alexandra M. , Margulis Susan W.
Published: September 2021

Here we examine the patterns of reproductive hormones (progesterone and estrone-3 glucuronide, or E1G) in one female hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys) housed at the Gibbon Conservation Center, throughout the maturation period. Three hundred forty-five fecal samples were collected from the individual over a 5-year period (2012–2017) beginning at the age of 6 years and ending at the age of 11. The average measured progesterone concentration increased from 19.572 ± 1.706 ng/g feces in 2012 to 107.922 ± 12.094 ng/g feces in 2016/17 (p < 0.00001). The average measured estrogen value increased from 1.234 ± 0.063 ng/g feces in 2012 to 2.783 ± 0.274 ng/g feces in 2016/17 (p < 0.00001). This was accompanied by the emergence of a clear hormonal cycling pattern in the 2016/17 samples that was absent in all earlier samples. These data are consistent with the known sexual maturation period for other gibbon species, which typically occurs between the ages of 6 and 8 but shows some variation. To our knowledge, this is the first hormonal study and first data on cycle length for a hoolock gibbon.
Análise documental como ferramenta metodológica em história da educação: um olhar para pesquisas locais.
Authors: Souza José Edimar de , Giacomoni Cristian
Published: September 2021

Este estudo investiga abordagem metodológica da análise documental em pesquisas qualitativas de fenômenos sociais. Trata-se de um estudo do campo da História da Educação cuja abordagem epistemológica é inspirada na perspectiva da História Cultural. Nesse sentido, a mobilização conceitual procura dar sentido e significar as fontes documentais tratadas pelos autores ao compor seus objetos de investigação. A discussão está organizada com base em dois eixos, o primeiro analisa as diferentes formas e usos desta metodologia em pesquisas das áreas humanas e sociais, os critérios teóricos e metodológicos que o pesquisador deve compreender ao trabalhar com este tipo de fonte, bem como algumas sugestões metodológicas para efetivação de pesquisas em História da Educação; o segundo  refere-se ao modo como os autores operacionalizaram, buscaram acessar e inventariaram os documentos históricos, bem como apresenta os acervos acessados e as formas de categorização diante do conjunto empírico documental histórico compulsado. Entendemos que análise e interpretação dos dados devem estar alinhadas epistemologicamente e teoricamente com as escolhas realizadas no desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Além disso, considera-se que o trabalho do pesquisador contemporâneo se torna mais complexo diante das muitas possibilidades de fontes que podem constituir análise documental.
Uma descrição fenomenológica da casa-afetiva no domínio da memória
Authors: Fiscina Luciano
Published: September 2021

Apresentamos um ensaio fenomenológico da casa-afetiva procurando descrevê-la no âmbito das vivências autobiográficas que conferem formas elevadas de compreensão da vida no domínio poético da imagem, da lembrança e da linguagem. Buscamos representar uma corrente da fenomenologia cuja convergência reflete uma hermenêutica em que as regiões de pertencimento e enraizamento participam de certa ontologia fundamental da temporalidade da existência humana. Parece-nos uma matéria ao alcance de uma psicologia social que busca no exame da microhistória a estrutura poética da memória que desvela o sentimento de um habitar. Vamos em busca desse tempo autobiográfico originário do Ser no qual encontramos nossas relações de pertencimento.
Pluralismo jurídico e o direito ambiental do trabalho: o equilíbrio da balança no direito para comunidades tradicionais quilombolas pesqueiras no Brasil: o caso de Maré, no Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Ingrid Gil Sales , Martins Daniel Valério , Vidal Juliete da Paixão
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a comunidade quilombola tradicional de pescadores artesanais e marisqueiras de Ilha de Maré, no Brasil, e sua exclusão social, histórica, econômica e cultural, sob a perspectiva do pluralismo jurídico e do direito ambiental do trabalho, o que teria resultado em um processo de invisibilidade. Trata-se de estudo de caso realizado na Comunidade Tradicional Quilombola e Pesqueira de Ilha de Maré, localizada no Brasil, em que foram utilizadas técnicas qualitativas, como a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação participante, além da revisão bibliográfica e documental. Constatou-se que o perfil elitista da monocultura jurídica do Estado brasileiro não tem permitido ao Brasil enfrentar problemas de gestão ambiental, do trabalho artesão e das comunidades tradicionais de per si, principalmente devido aos ditames da ordem econômica neocapitalista globalizada dominante, que são diametralmente opostos às necessidades e interesses de comunidades tradicionais. Percebeu- se que, na prática, a Comunidade Tradicional Quilombola e Pesqueira de Maré não encontrou eco nas vozes que insistem em demonstrar a exploração de seu ecossistema, a marginalização de seu modo de vida e cultura e a invisibilidade dos conflitos socioambientais por que passa.
Iniciação científica para alunos da educação básica: uma pesquisa-ação em Escolas Públicas Paulistas
Authors: Souza Roger Marchesini de Quadros , Couto José Cláudio Diniz , Couto Luzia Serapicos Martins Diniz
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta a trajetória e a pesquisa realizada em duas escolas públicas de Educação Básica, com base em um Projeto de Iniciação Científica (PIC) desenvolvido com alunos dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e do Médio, antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A metodologia utilizada foi a da pesquisa-ação, o processo iniciou-se com alunos dos anos finais da educação básica no ano de 2019 e se ampliou, em 2020, para alunos do Ensino Médio. O processo de orientação da Iniciação Científica iniciou-se em 2019, de forma exclusivamente presencial e, ao longo do ano de 2020, com a chegada da pandemia e decretação da quarentena no Estado de São Paulo, passou a se realizar de forma remota. Neste trabalho, apresentamos aspectos da realização da pesquisa e a trajetória dos Projetos de Iniciação Científica desenvolvidos com os alunos da Educação Básica.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Adults With a History of Heart Failure Hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Goyal Parag , Reshetnyak Evgeniya , Khan Sadiya , Musse Mahad , Navi Babak B. , Kim Jiwon , Allen Larry A. , Banerjee Samprit , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Yancy Clyde , Michos Erin D. , Devereux Richard B. , Okin Peter M. , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Safford Monika M.
Published: September 2021

Background:

It is important to understand the risk for in-hospital mortality of adults hospitalized with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection with a history of heart failure (HF).

Methods:

We examined patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection from January 1, 2020 to July 22, 2020, from 88 centers across the US participating in the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease registry. The primary exposure was history of HF and the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. To examine the association between history of HF and in-hospital mortality, we conducted multivariable modified Poisson regression models that included sociodemographics and comorbid conditions. We also examined HF subtypes based on left ventricular ejection fraction in the prior year, when available.

Results:

Among 8920 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, mean age was 61.4±17.5 years and 55.5% were men. History of HF was present in 979 (11%) patients. In-hospital mortality occurred in 31.6% of patients with history of HF, and 16.9% in patients without a history of HF. In a fully adjusted model, history of HF was associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality (relative risk: 1.16 [95% CI, 1.03–1.30]). Among 335 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in a fully adjusted model (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction relative risk: 1.40 [95% CI, 1.10–1.79]; heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction relative risk: 1.06 [95% CI, 0.65–1.73]; heart failure with preserved ejection fraction relative risk, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.84–1.33]).

Conclusions:

Risk for in-hospital mortality was substantial among adults with history of HF, in large part due to age and comorbid conditions. History of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction may confer especially elevated risk. This population thus merits prioritization for the COVID-19 vaccine.
Cilostazol for Secondary Stroke Prevention
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Sheth Kevin N. , Madsen Tracy E. , Johnston Karen C. , Turan Tanya N. , Toyoda Kazunori , Elm Jordan J. , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Johnston S. Claiborne , Williams Olajide A. , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Lansberg Maarten G.
Published: September 2021

Cilostazol is a PDE3 (phosphodiesterase III) inhibitor with a long track record of safety that is Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approved for the treatment of claudication in patients with peripheral arterial disease. In addition, cilostazol has been approved for secondary stroke prevention in several Asian countries based on trials that have demonstrated a reduction in stroke recurrence among patients with noncardioembolic stroke. The onset of benefit appears after 60 to 90 days of treatment, which is consistent with cilostazol’s pleiotropic effects on platelet aggregation, vascular remodeling, blood flow, and plasma lipids. Cilostazol appears safe and does not increase the risk of major bleeding when given alone or in combination with aspirin or clopidogrel. Adverse effects such as headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, and palpitations, however, contributed to a 6% increase in drug discontinuation among patients randomized to cilostazol in a large secondary stroke prevention trial (
CSPS.com
[Cilostazol Stroke Prevention Study for Antiplatelet Combination]). Due to limitations of prior trials, such as open-label design, premature trial termination, large loss to follow-up, lack of functional or cognitive outcome data, and exclusive enrollment in Asia, the existing trials have not led to a change in clinical practice or guidelines in Western countries. These limitations could be addressed by a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial conducted in a broader population. If positive, it would increase the evidence in support of long-term treatment with cilostazol for secondary prevention in the millions of patients worldwide who have experienced a noncardioembolic ischemic stroke.
Older Persons and the Right to Health in the Nordics during COVID-19
Authors: Ó Cathaoir Katharina , Aasen Henriette Sinding , Gunnarsdóttir Hrefna D. , Kimmel Kaisa-Maria , Lohiniva-Kerkelä Mirva , Rognlien Ida Gundersby , Westerhäll Lotta Vahlne
Published: September 2021

We reflect on the extent to which Nordic countries have safeguarded the right to health of older persons during the pandemic in 2020. All Nordic states have ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and thereby committed to recognising the right to health. We use the AAAQ framework developed by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to draw attention to aspects of the respective states’ responses. The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on the health of older persons, from the direct effects of the virus, such as illness and death, to indirect impacts, like isolation and loneliness. We find that Nordic states have at times failed to prioritise the full realisation of the core obligations of the right to health for older persons, namely, non-discrimination and provision of essential healthcare. Resource constraints cannot justify discrimination or failure to respect autonomy, integrity and human dignity.
Fisheries in Ur III Southern Mesopotamia
Authors: Borrelli Noemi
Published: September 2021

The increased complexity of state management, following a rapid territorial expansion, pushed the Ur III administration (2112–2004 BC) to integrate the production and redistribution network with commodities and food providers which have been previously handled at a limited local scale. Fish and fishermen were among them. After 30 years since Robert Englund’s seminal study on Sumerian fisheries, new evidence provided by the northern provinces of the realm and newly edited textual sources encouraged a reconsideration of the data. The present contribution aims at quantifying the actual circulation of fish through the analysis of its distribution pattern, as well as at identifying possible fishing grounds and processing centres. Further, fishermen’s participation to the institutional economy will be evaluated.
Hâjj Sayyâh in 19th Century Iran: A Voyage in Search of an Identity
Authors: Tornesello Natalia L.
Published: September 2021

The travelogues from the late-19th century voyages of Iranians offer important knowledge on the political, social and cultural history of the modern state. Attention has been directed mainly towards the diaries of travels in Europe, less to the works recording the impressions of those who, for various reasons, travelled within the country during the Qâjâr era. Among these, theKhâterât-e Hâjj Sayyâh, by Mirzâ Mohammad ‘Ali Mahallâti, better known as Hâjj Sayyâh, is of remarkable interest. The article examines several aspects of this ‘travel diary’; in particular their revelation of the author’s critical and pessimistic vision of his homeland and those who are currently governing it. We observe the processes of defining a national ‘self’ in contrast to the ‘other’, influenced by comparisons between Europe and the needs for modernisation, but also from memories of greatness.
An Investigation on Giuseppe Ros’s (1883–1948) Book Collection
Authors: Suping Hu
Published: September 2021

Giuseppe Ros, an Italian diplomat in China during the period of the Republic of China (1912–1949), was famed for his book collection, which was very rich but only seen by few. During the years of turmoil in China, Ros’s collection went through great hardship and was lost, remaining an unsolved issue today, it could not be found anymore in its entirety. Nevertheless, according to the diaspora course of the collection, the overview and the storage place of the collection at present can still be speculated at a certain extent of precision. After years of study the author has come up with the conclusion that Ros’s collection can be grouped into five categories: 1) The earlier collection, stored in the National Library in Beijing, made up of books written in foreign languages; 2) A number of Chinese maps of the collection are retained in Dalian Library; 3) Ros’s partial collections stored in Guangzhou, now conserved in Guangzhou and Taiwan; 4) A special section on Hainan historical data is kept in the Sun Yat-sen Library in Guangzhou; 5) Scattered parts of the collection are currently stored outside China.

This paper offers an insight on the usually neglected figure of Giuseppe Ros by outlining the main features of his outstanding collection of books.
Review of the Neoaliturus fenestratus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1834) species group (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
Authors: TISHECHKIN DMITRI YU.
Published: September 2021

In Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia the Neoaliturus fenestratus species group includes eight species. Illustrated descriptions, oscillograms of male calling signals, and data on host plants and distribution for all species are given. One new species from European Russia and two new species from Kazakhstan and Central Asia are described, and the synonymy N. fenestratus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1834) = N. lituratus Dubovskiy, 1966, syn. n. is established. Considerations concerning possible modes of diversification of species of this group are provided.
New record of Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi Gaedike (Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae) in China: DNA barcode, adult, immature stages, host plant and biology
Authors: WANG YEHAO , TENG KAIJIAN , LIU TENGTENG
Published: September 2021

Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi Gaedike, 1993, feeding on Angelica pubescens Maxim. and A. ursina Maxim., was previously recorded in Russia (Far East, Southern Siberia and Transbaikalia), Kunashir Island and Japan. This species is for the first time reported in China by rearing from a new host plant A. polymorpha Maxim. The larva and pupa are illustrated and described for the first time. Available biological information associated with the new host plant is also reported. Reference DNA barcodes are provided for E. (C.) sinjovi, which confirms that forewing distinct colors and morphological differences found in venation and genitalia among individuals are intraspecific variations. The adult morphological variations within population are analyzed and discussed.
Report of Acineta euchaetae Sewell, 1951 from new locality of the Arabian Sea with notes on their taxonomy and distribution
Authors: CHATTERJEE TAPAS , DOVGAL IGOR , FERNANDES VERONICA , BHAUMIK AMRITA , NANAJKAR MANDAR
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the data about new find of the rare suctorian species Acineta euchaetae Sewell, 1951 on calanoid copepod host Euchaeta marina (Prestandrea, 1833) from the Arabian Sea. Seven young (sub-adult) individuals of the ciliate were observed on rear part of cephalothorax and on abdomen of adult male of copepod. The data about all known finds of A. euchaetae are discussed as well as the information on different developmental stages of the ciliate species. It is suggested that A. euchaetae is euryhaline species distributed in Eurasian coastal and inland waters and have preference for calanoid copepod hosts, but do not show specificity to any calanoid genus or species. The summarized diagnosis and refined systematic position of A. euchaetae are also provided.
2-Day Westward-Propagating Inertio-Gravity Waves during GoAmazon
Authors: Mayta Victor C. , Adames Ángel F.
Published: September 2021

The dynamical and thermodynamical features of Amazonian 2-day westward-propagating inertia-gravity waves (WIG) are examined. On the basis of a linear regression analysis of satellite brightness temperature and data from the 2014-15 Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon) field campaign, it is shown that Amazonian WIG waves exhibit structure and propagation characteristics consistent with the n=1 WIG waves from shallow water theory. These WIG waves exhibit a pronounced seasonality, with peak activity occurring from March to May and a minimum occurring from June to September. Evidence is shown that mesoscale convective systems over the Amazon are frequently organized in 2-day WIG waves. Results suggest that many of the Amazonian WIG waves come from pre-existing 2-day waves over the Atlantic, which slow down when coupled with the deeper, more intense convection over tropical South America. In contrast to WIG waves that occur over the ocean, Amazonian 2-day WIG waves exhibit a pronounced signature in surface temperature, moisture, and heat fluxes.
Eliminating the “hook” in Precipitation-Temperature Scaling
Authors: Visser Johan B. , Wasko Conrad , Sharma Ashish , Nathan Rory
Published: September 2021

Observational studies of extreme daily and subdaily precipitation-temperature sensitivities (apparent scaling) aim to provide evidence and improved understanding of how extreme precipitation will respond to a warming climate. However, interpretation of apparent scaling results is hindered by large variations in derived scaling rates and divergence from theoretical and modelled projections of systematic increases in extreme precipitation intensities (climate scaling). In warmer climatic regions, rainfall intensity has been reported to increase with temperature to a maximum before decreasing, creating a second order discontinuity or “hook” like structure. Here we investigate spatial and temporal discrepancies in apparent scaling results by isolating rainfall events and conditioning event precipitation on duration. We find that previously reported negative apparent scaling at higher temperatures which creates the hook structure, is the result of a decrease in the duration of the precipitation event, and not to the decrease in precipitation rate. We introduce standardized pooling using long records of Australian station data across climate zones, to show average precipitation intensities and 1-h peak precipitation intensities increase with temperature across all event durations and locations investigated. For shorter duration events (< 6-h), average precipitation intensity scaling is in line with the expected Clausius- Clapeyron (CC) relation at ~7 %/°C, and this decreases with increasing duration, down to 2 %/°C at 24-h duration. Consistent with climate scaling derived from model projections, 1-h peak precipitation intensities are found to increase with temperature at elevated rates compared to average precipitation intensities, with super-CC scaling (10 – 14 %/°C) found for short-duration events in tropical climates.
Radar Icing Algorithm: Algorithm Description and Comparison with Aircraft Observations
Authors: Serke David J. , Ellis Scott M. , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Albo David E. , Hubbert John C. , Haggerty Julie A.
Published: September 2021

Detection of in-flight icing hazard is a priority of the aviation safety community. The “Radar Icing Algorithm” (RadIA) has been developed to indicate the presence, phase, and relative size of supercooled drops. This paper provides an evaluation of RadIA via comparison to in situ microphysical measurements collected with a research aircraft during the 2017 “Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime clouds: the Idaho Experiment” (SNOWIE) field campaign. RadIA uses level-2 dual-polarization radar moments from operational National Weather Service WSR-88D and a numerical weather prediction model temperature profile as inputs. Moment membership functions are defined based on the results of previous studies, and fuzzy logic is used to combine the output of these functions to create a 0 to 1 interest for detecting small-drop, large-drop, and mixed-phase icing. Data from the two-dimensional stereo (2D-S) particle probe on board the University of Wyoming King Air aircraft were categorized as either liquid or solid phase water with a shape classification algorithm and binned by size. RadIA interest values from 17 cases were matched to statistical measures of the solid/liquid particle size distributions (such as maximum particle diameter) and values of LWC from research aircraft flights. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) values for RadIA algorithms were 0.75 for large-drop, 0.73 for small-drop, and 0.83 for mixed-phase cases. RadIA is proven to be a valuable new capability for detecting the presence of in-flight icing hazards from ground-based precipitation radar.
The Impact of Midlevel Shear Orientation on the Longevity of and Downdraft Location and Tornado-Like Vortex Formation within Simulated Supercells
Authors: Gray Kevin , Frame Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

Despite an increased understanding of environments favorable for tornadic supercells, it is still sometimes unknown why one favorable environment produces many long-tracked tornadic supercells and another seemingly equally favorable environment produces only short-lived supercells. One relatively unexplored environmental parameter that may differ between such environments is the degree of backing or veering of the midlevel shear vector, especially considering that such variations may not be captured by traditional supercell or tornado forecast parameters. We investigate the impact of the 3–6-km shear vector orientation on simulated supercell evolution by systematically varying it across a suite of idealized simulations. We found that the orientation of the 3–6-km shear vector dictates where precipitation loading is maximized in the storms, and thus alters the storm-relative location of downdrafts and outflow surges. When the shear vector is backed, outflow surges generally occur northwest of an updraft, produce greater convergence beneath the updraft, and do not disrupt inflow, meaning that the storm is more likely to persist and produce more tornado-like vortices (TLVs). When the shear vector is veered, outflow surges generally occur north of an updraft, produce less convergence beneath the updraft, and sometimes undercut it with outflow, causing it to tilt at low levels, sometimes leading to storm dissipation. These storms are shorter lived and thus also produce fewer TLVs. Our simulations indicate that the relative orientation of the 3–6-km shear vector may impact supercell longevity and hence the time period over which tornadoes may form.
On the utility of individual tendency output: Revealing interactions between parameterised processes during a marine cold air outbreak
Authors: Kähnert Marvin , Sodemann Harald , de Rooy Wim C. , Valkonen Teresa M.
Published: September 2021

Forecasts of marine cold air outbreaks critically rely on the interplay of multiple parameterisation schemes to represent sub-grid scale processes, including shallow convection, turbulence, and microphysics. Even though such an interplay has been recognised to contribute to forecast uncertainty, a quantification of this interplay is still missing. Here, we investigate the tendencies of temperature and specific humidity contributed by individual parameterisation schemes in the operational weather prediction model AROME-Arctic. From a case study of an extensive marine cold air outbreak over the Nordic Seas, we find that the type of planetary boundary layer assigned by the model algorithm modulates the contribution of individual schemes and affects the interactions between different schemes. In addition, we demonstrate the sensitivity of these interactions to an increase or decrease in the strength of the parameterised shallow convection. The individual tendencies from several parameterisations can thereby compensate each other, sometimes resulting in a small residual. In some instances this residual remains nearly unchanged between the sensitivity experiments, even though some individual tendencies differ by up to an order of magnitude. Using the individual tendency output, we can characterise the subgrid-scale as well as grid-scale responses of the model and trace them back to their underlying causes. We thereby highlight the utility of individual tendency output for understanding process-related differences between model runs with varying physical configurations and for the continued development of numerical weather prediction models.
Globalization Backlash in Developing Countries: Broadening the Research Agenda
Authors: Rudra Nita , Nooruddin Irfan , Bonifai Niccolò W.
Published: September 2021

This special issue explores why the globalization backlash is roiling rich industrialized countries. But why is the backlash less salient in developing ones? In this piece, we challenge scholars to consider why the backlash has not diffused widely to the developing world. We argue support for globalization depends on citizens’ expectations of future economic mobility. This is high in the early phases of globalization which encapsulates many developing economies. Since information about globalization’s effects is limited, observed mobility of some sustains optimism that the new economic order will allow everyone to prosper. Over time, unrealized expectations of mobility for less-skilled workers puncture this optimism. Such workers in rich countries are long past the honeymoon phase of globalization and confronting realities of stagnant incomes and job precarity. Barring visionary policies unlikely to emerge from today’s polarized politics, their discontent will soon be shared by their developing country counterparts, dooming future globalization.