bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOLAR CELLS: TYPES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kaur Rajveer
Published: June 2024

A non-renewable form of energy, solar energy is produced by the sun. There are numerous uses for this energy. One such application is the conversion of solar energy into electrical form by solar cells. These solar cells can be constructed using a variety of materials. The advancements made in various cells from one generation to the next will be covered in this chapter. The first generation works with silicon-based solar cells, while the second generation deals with thin films. However, technological advancements have led to the third generation, which has enhanced solar cells' efficiency by a number of factors. Today's globe is in need of third generation solar cells, which have become more and more popular. This chapter also highlights the comparison of various solar cells. It further underlined the applications of these solar cells in the domestic and commercial worlds
PALMPRINT SPOOFING DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING APPROACH BY USING HYPERSPECTRAL AND MULTISPECTRAL DATA
Authors: Datwase Snehal S. , R Ratnadeep , Deshmukh Mr.
Published: June 2024

This research work focuses on enhancing the security of palmprint authentication systems by developing an anti-spoofing strategy using deep learning approaches with hyperspectral and multispectral data. We uses printed palmprint and non-imaging palmprint databases, employing CNN, SVM, KNN, and random forest algorithms for classification. The proposed strategy achieves promising identification accuracies of 96.2% (CNN) and 89% (SVM) for spoofing detection. The combined approach reaches an 86% accuracy. The non-imaging database achieves a 70.65% accuracy with KNN and an 84% overall score with random forest. The study highlights the vulnerabilities of biometric systems and proposes effective anti-spoofing measures for palmprint authentication, contributing to enhanced reliability and security. Further research is suggested to improve performance and real-world applicability.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PROSTHODONTICS
Authors: Prashant Dr. Dumbre Sakshi , Benakatti Dr. Veena
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) encompasses a broad spectrum of emerging technologies that continue to influence daily life. The evolution of AI makes the analysis of big data possible, which provides reliable information and improves the decision-making process. This chapter focuses on the specific application of AI in Prosthodontics, emphasizing its role in digital impressions, fixed prosthodontics, and implant dentistry. Here in this chapter, capabilities of AI in accurate diagnosis, prognostic evaluations, and creative prosthetic construction are emphasised. The technology's contributions extend to implant recognition, categorization, and error reduction in dental procedures, enhancing overall treatment techniques. This chapter also includes AI's involvement in Maxillofacial Prostheses, showcasing its ability to create customized prosthetics based on anthropological calculations and patient preferences. The discussion expands to AI's impact on vision impairment, introducing smart reading glasses and bionic eyes as examples of how AI improves the lives of those with visual impairments. The chapter is concluded by addressing the current state of AI in healthcare, acknowledging its limitations and projecting a visionary outlook for the next 5-10 years. Anticipated advancements include improved algorithms, data integration, and collaborative efforts between AI and human expertise for precision therapies.
INNOVATION IN ELBOW SURGERY-NANOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Singh Dr. Ankit
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology Advancements in Elbow Surgery Nanotechnology's applications in elbow surgery present pivotal advancements in diagnostics, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and prosthetic development. Manipulating materials at the nanoscale, nanotechnology brings forth groundbreaking interventions in modern healthcare. In elbow surgery, nanotechnology assures superior diagnostics, precise drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and cutting-edge prosthetic innovations, shaping the future of healthcare.
ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION IN HORTICULTURE: AN INSIGHT FOR FUTURE ORCHARD TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Khehra Dr. Savreet
Published: June 2024

Progress in horticulture is of great importance for the introduction of mechanical and robotic technologies in fruit tree production. The purpose of this chapter is to critically examine the possibilities and problems in managing orchard from the perspective of robotics and automation in the orchard from pre-harvest management to post-harvest techniques. Lack of labour and reliance on experienced orchardists are challenges in both privileged and under privileged countries. In addition, the high reliance on scarce seasonal labour and rapidly rising labour costs have led to a growing interest in the use of robots and automatic machinery in orchards, which is critical to the attribute of high standard fruit crops. The reason for failure of utilization of such crops for elevated trade is soaring initial and post harvest costs. The newly introduced orchard architecture enables the robotic platform to successfully perform the desired robotic management.
DIGITAL TWIN TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN INDUSTRIAL SCHEDULING
Authors: S Sanghera Manjot , Kulkarni M.S.
Published: June 2024

Industry 4.0 relies on the principles and precise application of automation, data integration, and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) of different manufacturing processes and systems. Among various technological innovations that have paid dividends in industrial sector revolutions, Digital Twins (DT) holds a promise in further enhancing the working efficiency of manufacturing industries. This technology is based on the ISO: 23247 standards which incorporate real-time data acquisition, its visualization, and analysis using various technologies like RFID tagging, PLC programming, and software programming (python, MATLAB, C#, java etc.). The successful application of DT relies upon the precision in acquisition of real-time data and its proper handling to analyse the same through various improved analytical tools viz. throughput, OEE matrix, and quality parameters. Attempts have been made by researchers in this direction to evaluate the scheduling algorithm's efficiencies for various shop floor patterns for their optimization but the information regarding use of DT in this endeavour is scanty. Recently, various outcomes have demonstrated the potential of DT in enhancing shop floor scheduling, resource utilization, and decision-making under current industrial revolution that depicts its contribution in research and development of advanced scheduling strategies in manufacturing. In this chapter an attempt has been made to explore the potential of Digital Twin Technology and its Application in Industrial Scheduling, focusing especially on developing a Digital Twin (DT) for a virtual machining simulator to enhance shop floor scheduling to optimize its production efficiency under Industry 4.0.
HUMANOID ROBOTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Arora Rashmi
Published: June 2024

Humans are mainly leading creature of the nature. We can say that humanoid robots will lead the future of ours. All the human made things like automobiles, hand-phones and many multimedia devices that we use, humanoid robots will be definitely the best helper for human beings. We don’t know what will be happen in future and we don’t know in future how robots are going to behave with us and are they good or harmful for us. But it is sure, we are strange human beings, we shall surely enhance the new leading breeding of robots. A humanoid robot is a robot which has its overall function based on that of the human body. Instead, improving humanoids robots are demand the enactment of manipulation abilities, which is even the most difficult issue in robotics. Robots can live up to this anticipation because in time to come smart and self-control robots will free humans from, or ease them up of, continually assurance bodily and intellectually demanding routines. Examples- In future many surgical operations will be done by robot doctor; in hospital robot nurse will help us to support patient; in many military operation robot soldier will be our essential hand; in future to make our society much safer robot guard are very helpful for our safety. The list of several entreaties with smart and self-governing robots is spreading. As man-made understanding continuously grows, in future there may be a time in which robots become unequalled or greater to humanity. No concern what our fortune will, there will be a place for robots.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ROBOTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Maurya Sunil Kumar , Arora Rashmi
Published: June 2024

Robotics being a major community in the upcoming progressive terminology of modern era, it plays an important role in cutting down manpower in certain areas. Nowadays robotics is being utilized in numerous areas and is playing effective and beneficial role in the respective. In this paper such kind of walking robots are being discussed whose presence makes things easy for humans specially certain jobs where manpower is excessively needed. Manpower being utilized to uplift things or transport things from one place to other can be minimized with the help of these walking robots which are meant to carry loads and transport them from one place to other. In this paper comparison of different models and working terminologies of robots are introduced in order to find the best amongst them and work further on their development and further processing to enhance their characteristics. Modern Robotic era plays with the signs and sight of work load reduction and enhancing work as well outcome efficiency for better results. In this paper comparison of legged, wheeled and track robots are shown according to their performance with respect to the working conditions and specifications of robot. Walking robots are the new trends in modern era as it is based on the sensors as well optimized setup where system acts and interacts according to the users command. Robots under such categories are very useful where performance of other system is not effective.
NANOTECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE ABIOTIC STRESS IN HORTICULTURE CROPS
Authors: Rani Swati , Anuja Ms. , Singh Randeep , Vikalp Mr.
Published: June 2024

Horticultural crops have multiple uses, including providing food and aesthetic value. These plants are a significant source of carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, organic acids, and minerals for human health & nutrition. Abiotic effects, includes drought, flooding, inadequate nutrition levels, heat, light, and metal stress, restrict crop plant growth and output. Tolerance to abiotic stress can be increased through various strategies, such as creating genetically altered cultivars with added genes that enhance their resilience to stress. Nanotechnology is a broad discipline with potential applications in all areas of study, including business, agriculture, and medicine. There needs to be more understanding of the effects of nanoparticle interaction with plants, considering the rapid progress in using nanoparticles in many applications. With an emphasis on modern research, this chapter discusses about the primary role of nanoparticles in horticultural crops under abiotic stress. This chapter additionally defines how various nanoparticles can improve horticultural plants’ ability to withstand abiotic stress.
APPLE REPLANT DISEASE: MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM RESPONSIBLE FOR CAUSE AND CONTROL
Authors: Nabi Asha , Anwar Ali , Shah M.D. , Ashraf Sabiha , Wani T.A. , Gani Saima , Shabir Zohra , Iqbal Iram , Tawkeer Un Nisa Mr.
Published: June 2024

“Replant disease” or “replant disorder” may be defined as poor growth response of fruit trees When replanting is done on the same site which previously supported the same or closely related species. It has been reported from different regions of world, wherever the apple is grown (Tewoldemedhin et al., 2011a). The abiotic factors exacerbate the symptoms but the disease seems to have biotic cause (Mazzola,1998). Apple replant disease (ARD) is a disease complex and its etiology is controversial. A multiphasic approach (conventional and molecular) has revealed that ARD is caused by a consortium of microbes like oomycetes (Phytophthora, Pythium), higher fungi (Rhizoctonia, Cylindrocarpon etc.) and nematodes (Pratylenchus) and some may act synergistically (Van Schoor et al., 2008., Tewoldemedhin et al., 2011b). Since ARD is a disease complex, its management has always been a challenging task. The potential hazards of chemical control to human health has necessitated the development of more sustainable measures. Lately, the use of Brassica sp. as green manures in disease management has received great attention. Their use suppresses plant pathogens via release of glucosinolates and manipulating in microbial community composition (Mazzola and Mullinix, 2005). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have also been found effective in growth promotion of replanted trees (Bharat, 2011). Pseudomonas putida strain 2 CB isolated from apple roots is reported inhibit the growth of fungal complex responsible replant disease, enhanced growth of M-26 apple root stock in replanted orchards (Mazzola et al., 2002). Hence, the approaches that manipulate resident soil biology and induce soil suppressiveness can be a long-term strategy for ARD management (Mazzola and Manici, 2012). Engineering rhizosphere micro-biome also seems a promising for its management (Winkelmann et al., 2019). Moreover, the tolerant rootstocks like G30 and CG6210 also prove to be the best defence against replant problem. Evalustion of Malus germplasm against apple replant disease may also pave the way in identifying the tolerant genotypes that could be used in breeding programs for producing tolerant clonal rootstocks for replant disease management (Isuta and Merwin,2000., Leinfelder and Merwin,2006).
AN INTRODUCTION-DISEASES OF WHEAT
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Meena N.L. , Rawal Pokhar
Published: June 2024

On average, about 20% of the global wheat production is lost due to diseases and pests every year. In 2021, these losses amounted to about 165 million tons, equivalent to about $35 billion. Fungal pathogens like rusts (Puccinia sp.), Septoria leaf blotch (Septoria sp.), powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and Fusarium species are ranked among the top ten of the most important fungal pathogens. Historical and current sources report epidemics leading to sometimes devastating yield losses in wheat caused by these pathogens. In regions with low productivity where no seed dressing is conducted, smuts and bunts are also important pathogens. Furthermore, in specific wheat-growing areas, fungal pathogens such as Pyrenophora tritici-repentis causing tan spot, Oculimacula spp. causing eye spot of wheat or Cochliobolus sativus are of importance. one option to avoid yield losses caused by these pathogens is the application of fungicides. However, the repeated use of fungicides induces a considerable selection pressure on respective pathogens resulting in fungicide resistance or tolerance, which has been detected already in B. graminis, Septoria spp. or Fusarium spp. The application of fungicides also depends to some extent on grain prices, fungicide costs and the possibility of applying these at the right time. Hence, cultivars carrying resistances are the most environment-friendly and cost-effective way of preventing yield losses in wheat. In particular, resistances against leaf rust, stripe rust, stem rust and powdery mildew infections result in complete resistance, but are at risk to be overcome by virulent isolates due to the extensive spore production of these pathogens.
MAGNETO CONVECTION IN COUPLE STRESS NANOFLUID LAYER
Authors: Sindhwani Dr. Suman
Published: June 2024

In this chapter, it has been analysed how the application of the horizontalmagnetic field affects convection inhorizontal layer of couple stress nanofluid. The effects of different parameters on stability of nanofluid have been studied.The comparison of results obtained has been done with the existing relevant studies.
CELLULOSE BASED NANOMATERIALS AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Chikhale Pratibha U. , Netankar Prashant D.
Published: June 2024

Cellulose-based nanomaterials have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. This chapter presents a comprehensive study of cellulose-based nanomaterials, focusing on their synthesis, characterization, and potential applications. The synthesis methods of cellulose-based nanomaterials, including nanocrystals and nanofibrils, are discussed. The production and characterization techniques, including microscopy, spectroscopy, and thermal analysis, are described to elucidate cellulose-based nanomaterials' morphological, structural, and thermal properties. Furthermore, the potential applications of cellulose-based nanomaterials in different fields are discussed. The unique properties of cellulose nanomaterials, such as high aspect ratio, biocompatibility, renewability, and mechanical strength, make them suitable candidates for applications in areas such as nanocomposites, biomedical engineering, packaging materials, energy storage devices, and environmental remediation. The chapter highlights recent advancements in these areas and explores the challenges and opportunities associated with the utilization of cellulose-based nanomaterials. In conclusion, the study of cellulose-based nanomaterials offers promising opportunities for the development of sustainable and innovative materials with diverse applications. Further research and development in this field are essential to unlock the full potential of cellulose-based nanomaterials and to address the challenges in their synthesis, processing, and integration into practical applications.
SYNTHESIS OF METAL-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS FIELDS
Authors: Yoganand K. S.
Published: June 2024

Metal oxides are the versatile material and it is one of the cheapest resources from the earth crust. It is effective towards many applications (i.e) catalysis, energy storage etc., Remarkable applications of metal oxides like TiO2 are highly active towards photochemical activities especially with dye degradation of polluted water resources. Moreover Transition metal oxides owing to develop monolayer over surface of the materials which induces the activity of the material. Similarly metal oxides are also observed as the good inhibitor for the corrosion process. It has been extensively studied with variety of metals and materials. In this current chapter, the various metal oxides have been discussed for the applications of inhibition process.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Dubey Rashmi R. , Gurnule W. B. , Burade Swati G. , Nagare Swati S. , Purohit Uma S.
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology is a young, developing technology with many uses. The combination of bio sensing platforms and medication delivery systems produced efficient treatment plans for biomedical applications. The outstanding qualities demonstrated by these materials have greatly enhanced these bio sensing and drug delivery systems. It involves the formation and usage of materials with one or more dimensions among 1and 100 nm. Nowadays, a varied series of physical and chemical procedures are utilised to create nanoparticles (NPs), which pose a risk to human health and the environment. Green nanotechnology, which blends green chemistry with engineering concepts to produce eco-friendly and secure nanomaterials, is used in conjunction with biological techniques to address this problem. Green nanotechnology is used to address problems that have a negative impact on both human health and the environment. However, for medical and biological uses wherever the pureness of NPs is crucial, biogenic reduction of metal precursors to produce corresponding NPs by using phytochemicals found in plants and plants' parts as well as microorganisms is environmentally friendly, less expensive, and free of chemical contaminants. These biological molecules from plants go through a carefully monitored assembling process to make them appropriate for the creation of metal nanoparticles.With regard to pharmaceutical applications with a therapeutic basis as well as applications related to energy and the environment, this study highlights the significance of the green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles employing a variety of cutting-edge techniques.
APPLICATION OF COMBINATORIAL TOOLS TO ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG
Authors: Bisen Chandrakant , Rathod Yashpal , Parmar Anup , Gurnule Wasudeo B.
Published: June 2024

The molecules whose biological characteristics are known are carefully considered as a known set for the purpose of developing regression analysis models at the beginning of this chapter. The data warrior programme was used to compute the descriptors for the known collection. The invention and enhancement of novel quinoline compounds allowed for the calculation of their descriptors. The biological activities of novel compounds were also determined using the regression analysis technique. Additionally, the molecular docking approach may be used to conduct inhibition tests for 1QPQ and 1KNC to confirm the therapeutic potential of the compounds. In light of this, it may be said that these molecules may prove to be therapeutically effective against Mycobacterium TB with additional research.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Birade Pooja , Shete Yogini , Potey Lata , Mahajan Shilpa , Armarkar Ashwini
Published: June 2024

The breadth of development in our contemporary society has expanded thanks to nanotechnology, which has given hope and fresh life to numerous fields. Two of the many applications of nanotechnology in modern life are nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. Nanotechnology is the study of extremely minor structures with 0.1 and 100 nm in size. Modern nanotechnology has an extensive variety of possible uses in healthcare meant for people. Recent investigation indicates that nanotechnology will significantly affect illness prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Nanotechnology is transforming surgery and the early diagnosis of diseases like cancer. Nanotechnology has made tremendous strides in recent years; also this multidisciplinary systematic field is quickly growing. Drug research, water filtration, also the creation of tougher, lighter constituents is just a few of the ways that nanoscience and nanotechnologies may enhance human health care. By today's standards, nanotechnology makes it possible to create a wide variety of items that are tremendously powerful. Nanomaterials’ physicochemical properties can be changed to improve properties like extended blood circulation and increased functional surface area to speed up drug breakdown, protection, biological barrier crossing, and site-specific targeting has helped to address some of the challenges encountered and continues to do so. In order for a targeting system to be effective, it must circulate over aprolonged period of time, be present by the target site now the right concentrations, and maintain its therapeutic efficacy. This chapter shows the various drug delivery systems and prospective applications of nanotechnology are our goal. In addition, we are discussing the potential applications of nanotechnology in social health.
EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE IN OIL SORPTION
Authors: P Arthi , Saikam Leelakrishna
Published: June 2024

The novel use of exfoliated graphite as an adaptable material for oil sorption applications is examined in this book chapter. Due to its hydrophobic properties and porous shape. Exfoliated graphite, which is distinguished by its distinctive structure and high surface area, has outstanding oil sorption capabilities. The fabrication processes for exfoliated graphite-based sorbents, as well as their physicochemical characteristics and the mechanisms governing their oil sorption behavior, are all covered in this chapter. Exfoliated graphite sorbents possible industrial applications and environmental effects are also examined. This chapter highlights the material's promising role in tackling current issues in oil spill management and pollution control by providing a thorough analysis of exfoliated graphite's contributions to environmental cleanup and oil spill mitigation.
HYPERVALENT IODINE REAGENTS: VERSATILE REAGENTS IN SYNTHETIC CHEMISTRY
Authors: Kaushik Dr. Nitya
Published: June 2024

The plethora of reactions that may be carried out with organohypervalent iodine reagents in outstanding yield and selectivity has made them more desirable and adaptable organic synthesis reagents in recent years. Hypervalent iodine reagents in comparison with toxic heavy metal reagents are milder and having similar reactivity. Heterocyclic compounds are biologically active molecules and are generally used in the formation of, agrochemicals, drugs, polymeric materials and dyes. Organic chemists have been engaged in developing a number of newer reagents to synthesize such kind of heterocyclic compounds. Due to their low toxicity, simple handling, and generally benign nature, organohypervalent iodine compounds have garnered a great deal of interest for use in organic synthesis.
PREPARATION OF MIXED METAL OXIDE (ZN AND CUO) NANOPARTICLES DOPED POLYMER (PMMA) COMPOSITE FILMS USING SOLUTION CAST METHOD
Authors: Jyoti Ms. , Faujdar Manu , Pokhriyal Sumit
Published: June 2024

We developed mixed zinc-copper oxide, pure copper oxide, and pure zinc oxide (ZnO, CuO) polymer composite films in five different ratios by Sol-Gel: 2-10gm, 4-10gm, 6-10gm, 8-10gm, and 10-10gm. We created pure PMMA and made weight-percentage doped PMMA films with pure ZnO, pure CuO, and mixed Zinc-Copper oxide. Composite films made of prepared materials and PMMA Using the solution-casting method, films up to 100 nm thickness.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF TERPOLYMER RESIN SATF-I DERIVED FROM SULPHANILIC ACID, THIOUREA AND FORMALDEHYDE
Authors: Shedmake Damini , Khobragade Jyotsna V.
Published: June 2024

Using sulphanilic acid, thiourea and formaldehyde, the terpolymerresin SATF-I in acidic medium with molar ratio of 1:1:2 of monomer and refluxing in oil bath at 124°C for 5 to 6 hours has been synthesized in this work. Its structures were then determined using elemental analysis, molecular weight determination by non-aqueous conductometric titration, spectral methods (UV-visible, FTIR, H1 NMR, SEM, XRD), and thermal (TGA) methods. The antibacterial activities of the terpolymer resin against four bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, and Klbesiellawere studied. SATF-I copolymer acts as a good photoluminescent material, according to studies on photoluminescence.
RECENT ADVANCES IN ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS: A NANOSCALE REVIEW
Authors: Gogoi Mridupavan , Darabdhara Jnayanashree
Published: June 2024

The demand for scientific experts and entrepreneurs who can create novel materials with advanced properties - addressing important issues from energy to healthcare - and bring scientific discoveries to the commercial world is growing as a result of global challenges in climate, environment, healthcare, and the economy. Energy Storage Materials is an interdisciplinary field of materials and their devices for advanced energy storage and relevant energy conversion. This field is quite the need of the hour keeping in mind the depletion of fossil fuel reserves due to increase in demand for energy. This overutilisation of fossil fuels is threat to the environment causing global warming. The discontinuous supply of renewable sources like solar energy also necessitates the use of energy storage systems. Nanotechnology and material scientists have come forward to contribute to the field of energy storage. Phase change materials (PCMs) are the future when it comes to energy storage. Nanotechnology comes into play to develop energy storage materials of better energy storage density. Improved thermophysical properties, and cycle life. When it comes to improve the properties of PCMs, adding nanoparticles is the most widely accepted approach. This chapter discusses the different nanoparticles for the purpose and reviews some of the recent works on developing novel or improved energy storage materials. Of all the type of nanoparticles, researchers are mostly interested in metal nanoparticles also evident from the huge amount of work that has already been carried out.
SMART MATERIALS: APPLICATION IN FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Kashyap Surangana , Sarkar Sanjoy
Published: June 2024

Stimuli-responsive materials have been able to fascinate researchers owing to their unique responsive behaviour towards external stimuli and hence have seen immense applicability in digital technology, sensors and biomedical applications. The external stimuli induce changes in their internal physiochemical properties and facilitate improved heat/photo stability, enhancing detection sensitivity, accuracy and biocompatibility. In this aspect, another class of intelligent materials that has gained momentum are the shape memory polymers (SMP), shape memory alloys (SMA), and their composites. This emerging class material shows the unique property of shape memory effect (SME) which enables it to serve in challenging applications like medical, sensors, robotics, and in aerospace designs and more. These materials in term have also opened the door to smart clothing, as it made the integration of chemical sensors into textiles possible. Thus, here we have discussed the unique features of these smart materials and their advancement in various fields at current times.
A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF NAPHTHYL CHITOSAN BASED COMPOSITE HYDROGELS AND THEIR SWELLING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Rithuparna P. V. , Kavitha P. , Menaka R. , Divya P.
Published: June 2024

Chitosan based hydrogels are effective vectors for biomedical applications with intrinsic valuable properties, such as: biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, easy availability, and high reactivity due to plenty of the reactive functional groups. Herein we report the synthesis of naphthyl chitosan based composite hydrogels with PVA and starch which can undergo rapid gelation in the presence of anchoring groups of naphthaldehyde. The prepared composite hydrogels were characterized ultra-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy to predict the formation of composite hydrogels. The morphology and the thermal behavior of the composite hydrogels were analyzed using Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analyzer. The composite hydrogels were found to have stimuli-sensitive sequences and remarkable phase behavior in the solutions. Hence, the responsive behavior of these hydrogels in relative to specific external stimuli, such as salt solution, pH and physiological solutions were studied. The reversible swelling-deswelling behaviour of the hydrogels in two different pH solutions was also examined. These hydrogels can be recommended for use in biomedical applications.
GREEN APPROACH FOR FABRICATION OF ZnO NANO PARTICLES FROM EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES AND ITS ANTI-OXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Makeswari M. , Ezhilarasi M. R. , Anitha Shree K.
Published: June 2024

Aquatic weed plant, Eichhornia crassipes is utilized for this synthesis. The nanoparticles were prepared using the Zinc nitrate and plant extract of the Eichhornia crassipes. White coloured paste procured and then desiccated and used for further studies. The characterization of ZnO carried out using FESEM, XRD, EDX, and FTIR. FESEM detects the presence of ZnO nanoparticle’s surface. XRD is applied to predict the size of the nanoparticles was estimated to be 54 nm. EDX results denote the composition of Zinc and Oxygen. Fourier Transform infra red spectra analysis interprets absorption frequency of all functional of synthesized nanoparticle. The thermal activity checked by TGA/DTG. The biological properties of ZnO Nps such as antioxidant, antimicrobial were examined.
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND ADME PREDICTIONS OF SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES
Authors: Ezhilarasi M. R. , Kavitha P. , Menaka R. , Makeswari M.
Published: June 2024

A series of novel pyrimidine compounds were framed and chemically prepared and it was in expected yields. The synthesized compounds skeletal structures were characterized by the spectral characterization like IR spectra, NMR spectra, Antimicrobial studies and Elemental analysis. Computational studies of docking and ADME properties are to investigate those probable binding affinity of these anticancer agents and toxic properties of the target compounds. All the compounds showed the good docking score values. Especially compound BCT-7 and 8 have the similar and better docking score value of 8.3 kcal/mol.
INTERACTION OF OXALIPLATIN WITH DNA: A THEORETICAL STUDY
Authors: Roohi Fatima Gazala , Srivastava Seema
Published: June 2024

Recent researches on the kinetics and structure of nucleic acids have shown that salt and solvent can affect the shape of the DNA helix. This adaptability causes DNA to fold either smoothly or by abruptly changing the chain direction and creating kinks. In order to elucidate the behaviour of melting and heat capacity of the platinated and unplatinated DNA, a theoretical analysis involving the interaction of the oxaliplatin and its enantiomeric analogue with the DNA duplex is described in the current study. The modified Zimm and Bragg theory is applied for this aim. The study made use of the experimental models developed by Malinaet. al in 1983. The sensitivity parameter (H/σ) has been used to analyse the transition's sharpness. The many metrics for oxaliplatin binding, such as the transition profile, transition sharpness, curves showing heat capacity variation and half width of the curves both are in good accordance with results of the experiments. For a better perception of bimolecular interaction, this theoretical approach can be used, which has implications for the process of developing new drugs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS BOOMING, IS IT A CURSE OR A BOON
Authors: S S Yuvaraj
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the modern era, with its potential impact reaching far and wide across various industries and aspects of human life. However, the question of whether AI is a boon or a curse remains a contentious topic, generating discussions on its ethical, economic, and societal implications. This chapter aims to explore and demonstrate both the negative aspects of AI based -any tools of AI .It shedding light on its potential as a boon and its potential as a curse, while emphasizing the importance of responsible development and deployment.
UTILIZING MACHINE LEARNING IN AREAS OF HEALTH CARE
Authors: Savala Venkata Pavan Kumar , Prasad G N R , Ranganath Ponnaboyina , Kumar P. V. Ravi , Yohan P M , Basha SK Althaf Hussain
Published: June 2024

The current state of the health care industry is pushing businesses in the direction of implementing new health IT infrastructure strategies. As a result of the daily increase in data quantities, businesses need to make investments in new information technology in order to satisfy the requirements of hospitals and patients. This is necessary because hospitals require access in real time to key diagnostic information that has the potential to improve the quality of care. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have implemented substantial changes that affect the ways in which healthcare providers create digital data, store that data, and evaluate that data. The World Wide Web currently makes a massive quantity of data, the majority of which is unstructured and of varying types, very simple to access. Techniques from the field of machine learning (ML) can be utilized to automatically gather, categorize, or cluster observations from huge amounts of data. The analytics of Big Data (BD) has resulted in numerous recent projects in both theory and practice and has spurred interest within the community of machine learning researchers. As hospitals begin to implement sophisticated data analytics capabilities, the next big thing in the healthcare business will be developing prediction models for BD problems using ML as a service. This is all poised to alter Health care Analytics (HcA) towards a better future. Because BD is connected with a high variety, variability, and velocity of data from the internet of things (IoT), powerful machine learning techniques are necessary to develop knowledge that can be utilized to enhance the results of the process of providing patient care.
DATA MINING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Begum Dr.I.Parvin , Banu D.Nasreen
Published: June 2024

When referring to a group of methodologies, algorithms, and tools used to draw significant patterns, connections, and insights from huge datasets, we are referring to data mining techniques. These methods are essential for finding concealed information and for developing sensible conclusions across a variety of fields. Structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data are analyzed through data mining to produce useful information that can shape company strategy, advance scientific research, might aid to arrive at decisions -making. The preprocessing of data, which entails cleaning, converting, and combining data from many sources, is one of the fundamental data mining's elements. This ensures that the information is prepared for analysis. Several data mining techniques are used on the data after preprocessing to find patterns and relationships. Classification, grouping, and association rules are some popular data mining techniques. anomaly time series analysis, text mining, and detection. While clustering brings together related data points, classification aids in grouping data into preset classes. Regression theory examines the link connecting variables that are dependent and independent, whereas the mining of association rules uncovers intriguing associations between variables. Unusual patterns are found using anomaly detection, and text analysis uncovers essential details from textual data. The main goal of time series analysis is to examine and predict time-dependent data. The use of data mining techniques is common in many industries. They are employed in healthcare for disease prognosis. The study describes algorithmic discussion of the dataset for the disease acquired from UCI, on line repository of large datasets. The Best results are achieved by using Tanagra tool. Tanagra is data mining matching set. The accuracy is calculate based on addition of true positive and true negative followed by the division of all possibilities. The algorithms are very necessary for intend an automatic classification tools. With help of automatic design tools to reduce a wait in line at the experts.. In conclusion, techniques for data mining provide strong tools to extract insightful knowledge from data, enabling making choices and fostering innovation across a range of industries. Companies may achieve a competitive advantage, boost operational effectiveness, and unleash the hidden value in their data assets by properly utilizing such techniques.
ASA: AUDIO SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AFTER A SINGLE-CHANNEL MULTIPLE SOURCE SEPARATION
Authors: Gurjar Priyanshu , Bhatnagar Anurag , Bhatnagar Nikhar
Published: June 2024

This paper aims at speaker diarization on an audio clip and sentiment analysis. Audio segmentation is done on the audio file using Voice Activity Detection (VAD). Once the audio is segmented, speaker identification is done using MAP estimation on every chunk using Universal Background Model (UBM) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Every chunk represents a different GMM while UBM represents a GMM on the whole audio file. Speech clustering is done using spectral clustering on every audio segment. Audio sentiment analysis is performed on a supervised emotion dataset (The Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS)) using Deep Neural Networks (DNN). The trained model was used to classify the sentiment of every chunk of the audio clip.
DETECTION OF PARKINSON’S USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Gupta Anirudh , Bhatnagar Anurag , Bhatnagar Nikhar
Published: June 2024

Technology plays a crucial role in our lifestyle, healthcare, and resource and asset maintenance in this global era. Technology has been developing at a rapid rate to combat the various diseases and symptoms that are currently affecting the world. Parkinson's disease is one such condition. Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder that has far-reaching effects on the nervous system and all the parts of the body that it regulates. Large medical datasets are available in many data sources and are utilized to diagnose the illnesses. It is one of the most debilitating and chronic movement disorders. It is currently untreatable but is the second most disorders of the Nervous System that causes functional impairment and shortens life expectancy. Prediction is vitalto patient recovery in the early phases. Machine learning can facilitate this procedure.
CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK-BASED REAL-TIME SIGN LANGUAGE RECOGNITION AND TRANSLATION
Authors: S V Prof. Shruthi , S M Prof. Nagaratnamma , R Prof. Nalini
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Context focuses on the development of a computer application and the training of a model specifically designed to interpret real-time video footage of hand gestures in American Sign Language (ASL). The primary objective is to create a system that can accurately recognize and translate these gestures into corresponding text formats on the screen. To achieve this, we have successfully implemented a set of 27 symbols representing the alphabet (A-Z) in ASL, along with a symbol for blank or no gesture. Our project aims to provide a reliable and efficient tool for facilitating communication between ASL users and non-ASL speakers. Background: In the late 1990s, the first attempts were made to recognize sign language using electrochemical devices as the primary method. Parameters such as hand position, angle, and movement were investigated using these devices. Glove-based systems were developed based on this approach, requiring signers to wear cumbersome devices. However, these systems faced challenges in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Another approach mentioned involved analyzing video clips of different sign language gestures and producing audio expressions based on the analysis. However, there were issues with the frame rate of the animation, which had to be manually adjusted to enhance understanding. Another system called the "Intelligent Assistant" was developed to facilitate communication with D&D personnel. It captured sound through a microphone and converted it into text using Microsoft's Voice Command and Control Engine. However, this system suffered from inefficiency in noisy environments and generated incorrect outputs due to input noise. Research Proposal: To provide a reliable and efficient tool for facilitating communication between ASL users and non-ASL speakers. Conclusion: Our focus was on recognizing ASL alphabets. Our rigorous efforts have achieved an impressive final accuracy of 98.0% on our dataset. This project operates in real-time, allowing for immediate recognition and interpretation of ASL alphabets. By leveraging computer vision techniques and machine learning algorithms, we have made substantial progress in bridging the communication gap between Deaf and Mute individuals and the rest of the population. Compared to all the related works which were done before, we have tried to significantly improve the accuracy and have been successful. Overall, our work signifies a significant step forward in ASL recognition technology, contributing to improved communication and inclusivity for Deaf and Mute individuals. We are confident that our project holds great potential for practical applications and can be further refined to achieve even higher accuracy in the future.
SUSTAINABLE AGRI-MED IOT NETWORK (SAMIN)
Authors: L. Wanare Dr. Anil , Patil Dr. Arun
Published: June 2024

The forthcoming technological developments include two prominent technologies such as Cloud Computing Application (CCA) and the Green Internet of Things (GIoT). These technologies are now becoming the topic of debate in the agricultural and medical sectors. This section digs through a complete analysis of green cloud computing (CCA) and the Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) in the goal of an environmentally conscious future. Furthermore, it expands on this discussion by looking at the possible reductions in energy consumption that may be realised through the integration of these two approaches (CCA and G-IoT) in agriculture and health care sectors.
MODELING AND PREDICTION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN CYLINDRICAL TRAVERSE CUT GRINDING OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITE
Authors: Patil Dr. Arun , Wanare Dr. Anil
Published: June 2024

Materials composed of glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite (GFRP) are getting utilised more and more in fields of engineering. There have been significant progress in the manufacturing of such materials with outstanding levels of dimensional accuracy and exquisite finish. The purpose of the present investigation is to examine how the grinding variables infeed, longitudinal feed, and work speed affect SR in GFRP materials during traverse cut cylindrical grinding. The trial runs have been carried out using a full factorial approach. The impacted elements have been identified using main effect plots and the ANNOVA procedure. The modelling and optimisation of the grinding process to achieve the least amount of SR has been suggested employing RSM combined with a hybrid GA. The anticipated grinding situation has been validated with a confirmation test Materials composed of glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite (GFRP) are getting utilised more and more in fields of engineering. There have been significant progress in the manufacturing of such materials with outstanding levels of dimensional accuracy and exquisite finish. The purpose of the present investigation is to examine how the grinding variables infeed, longitudinal feed, and work speed affect SR in GFRP materials during traverse cut cylindrical grinding. The trial runs have been carried out using a full factorial approach. The impacted elements have been identified using main effect plots and the ANNOVA procedure. The modelling and optimisation of the grinding process to achieve the least amount of SR has been suggested employing RSM combined with a hybrid GA. The anticipated grinding situation has been validated with a confirmation test..
CHARACTERIZATION AND INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM MATRIX HYBRID NANO-COMPOSITE: NOVEL APPROACH OF UTILIZING WASTE PARTICLES TO REDUCE COST OF MATERIAL
Authors: A Seshappa , Prasad B. Anjaneya
Published: June 2024

An lightweight metals have risen in significant prominence throughout the modern technological world primarily as a result of their effectiveness as well as sustainability in recent decades. The primary emphasis of this investigation will be on the measures implemented by local governments in the country to manage toxic garbage in a way that is both cost-effective as well as environmentally beneficial. This study aimed to find ways to recycle Al2O3/SiC nano Particles from solid waste products (PKSA) for utilisation effective reinforcements at low-cost, high-volume automobile parts. Employing an altered injection of gas ultrasound sensor double-stir casting technique, an effort has been undertaken to manufacture aluminum-based nano-composite with various composition proportions of 0% (zero), 3% (three), 6% (six), 9% (ten), and 12% (twelve). When reinforcements % was introduced into aluminum alloys, Micro-hardness, tensile strength, impact resistance, & flexural stiffness comprised some of the various mechanical characteristics tested. Al alloy and aluminium nano-composites were analysed for their dimensions variation and high physical factors including TGA, porosity, and density. XRD and SEM/EDS microstructure analyses have been performed. This research serves as the standard by which other suitable compounds/implants made of metal are evaluated.