bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wolfsmanagement im Alpenraum
Authors: Norer Roland
Published: April 2024

Der Wolf ist zurück: rechtliche Herausforderungen im Alpenraum Die Rückkehr des Wolfs in die Alpenregion hat eine gesellschaftspolitische Debatte voller Leidenschaft und Kontroversen entfacht. Vor allem wirft die Debatte aber auch eine Reihe von rechtlichen Fragen auf. Das Buch bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die vielfältigen Rechtsfragen, die sich aus der Rückkehr des Wolfs in die alpine Kulturlandschaft ergeben. Leserinnen und Leser erhalten einen tiefen Einblick in das komplexe Geflecht aus internationalen Abkommen wie der Berner Konvention, supranationalem Recht wie der EU Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie sowie nationalen Gesetzen im Bereich Jagd- und Naturschutz. In diesem Handbuch werden Themen wie Schutzstatus, günstiger Erhaltungszustand, Eingriffe (Vergrämung, Entnahme von Problem- und Risikowölfen, Bestandsregulierung), ernste Schäden an Viehbeständen, Herdenschutzmaßnahmen, Entschädigungen, Verteidigungsschuss, Wolf-Hund-Hybride, Tierschutzrecht und Zonierungen werden auf dem Stand vom 1. Jänner 2024 anhand reichhaltiger Literatur, Rechtsprechung und Materialien behandelt. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der alpinen Weidehaltung in der Schweiz, in Österreich und in Deutschland (Bayern, Baden-Württemberg). Nicht zuletzt werden Wege zu einer Koexistenz großer Beutegreifer und Alpwirtschaft durch ein re- und proaktives Wolfsmanagement aufgezeigt. Das Werk richtet sich an Juristinnen und Juristen, Entscheidungsträger*innen in der Politik, Umweltschutzorganisationen und alle, die sich für die Schnittstelle zwischen Naturschutz und Recht interessieren. Durch die detaillierte Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik bietet das Buch eine wertvolle Ressource für fundierte Diskussionen und informierte Entscheidungen im Bereich des Wolfsmanagements.
Enfermedad de Wilson: 2 casos en la población pediátrica con distinto grado de afectación hepática
Authors: Kosmas Costarangos Jorge , Chanis A. Ricardo , Julio Ecaterina , Serrano Jenla
Published: April 2024

La Enfermedad de Wilson es un trastorno autosómico recesivo. La incapacidad de conjugar el cobre con la apoceruloplasmina, por la mutación de la proteína ATP7B, causa la acumulación de cobre a nivel de los hepatocitos y ganglios basales. Secundario a estos depósitos, los pacientes desarrollan alteraciones hepáticas y neurológicas. Esta patología posee una distribución global, sin embargo, en la literatura no se han reportado casos en la República de Panamá. Se presentan dos casos de Enfermedad de Wilson en paciente pediátricos de la Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá, con distinto grado de afectación hepática.
Escarlatina estafilocócica como complicación de quemadura por contacto
Authors: Carrillo Michael , Corro Marvis , Esquivel Raúl , Rodríguez Adriana , Matteo Christian
Published: April 2024

El Staphylococcus aureus causa una variedad de infecciones localizadas e invasivas supurativas y 3 síndromes mediados por toxinas: Síndrome de choque tóxico estafilocócico (STSS, por sus siglas en ingles), síndrome de piel escaldada estafilocócica (SSSS) e intoxicación alimentaria1. La escarlatina estafilocócica está relacionada con las toxinas del STSS y SSSS. De hecho, se pudieron describir dos síndromes diferentes cada uno relacionado a un tipo de toxina que eran formas atenuadas de estas entidades. El curso de esta patología generalmente es autolimitado, pero puede evolucionar rápidamente a enfermedad severa que ponga en peligro la vida. Un entendimiento de este conjunto de patologías nos permite abordar al paciente de una manera oportuna, manteniendo la vigilancia y en caso de ser necesario intervenir para evitar el advenimiento del STSS que puede desembocar en falla orgánica múltiple e incluso la muerte. Esta revisión se trata de un caso atendido en la unidad de quemados del Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel (HDNJRE) en el mes de mayo del 2023 con quemadura por contacto complicada con escarlatina estafilocócica.
Hemangioma congénito rápidamente involutivo: Reporte de un caso clínico.
Authors: Torres Díaz Marta , Comellas Cruzado Sara , Moreno Hurtado Carolina
Published: April 2024

Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido a término que presenta en rodilla derecha masa redondeada, indolora, violácea, no friable ni ulcerada. Se realiza al nacimiento ecografía Doppler compatible con anomalía vascular. La Resonancia Magnética (RM) confirma tumoración anterior en rodilla derecha, isointensa en T2 con escasas estructuras tubulares serpinginosas, que corresponden con vasos sanguíneos. Presenta venas varicosas de drenaje a la Safena Mayor (SM) en cara anterointerna del muslo. Se decidió actitud expectante constatando reducción progresiva del tamaño del hemangioma. Al año de vida, refiere que en ocasiones presenta un bultoma a nivel inguinal derecho que se corresponde en ecografía doppler con cayado de la SM dilatado e incompetente, en probable relación con hiperaflujo de las varicosidades. Se realiza seguimiento en consulta, comprobando involución completa a los dos años, con atrofia cutánea residual en cara anteroexterna de rodilla y vascularización colateral que no aumenta con valsalva. Se trata de un hemangioma congénito rápidamente involutivo (RICH). Según la clasificación ISSVA, es un tumor vascular benigno que involuciona persistiendo leve hiperpigmentación y atrofia cutánea.
La marihuana de hoy no es la que fumaba tú abuela
Authors: Vargas Pedro
Published: April 2024

Johnny Stack, como nos lo relata Isabella Backman, se inició en la marihuana en una fiesta de la escuela a sus 14 años, cuando apenas se había legalizado su uso medicinal en Colorado. Esa marihuana la había obtenido el hermano mayor de unos de sus amigos, quien tenía una tarjeta para marihuana medicinal. A los 19 años, después de 5 años de estar luchando contra adicción y psicosis, Johnny muere por suicidio. Tres días antes, nos dice Backman, le dijo a su madre que la marihuana le había arruinado su mente y su vida. Nunca se probó, a pesar de múltiples pruebas de laboratorio, que usara ninguna otra droga.
Solidarity for the Indonesian Revolution
Authors: Vickers Adrian
Published: April 2024

During the Indonesian Revolution of 1945–49, Australian unions and activist groups organised black bans on Dutch shipping from Australian ports to hamper Dutch attempts at recolonisation. Indonesian and Dutch-language sources demonstrate the importance of unions and communist organisations in these actions. These sources show that links between left-wing groups in Australia and Indonesia were significant in building relationships between the countries, even though such links were severed by anti-communist massacres in Indonesia in 1948 and 1965.
Socialist Settlers on a Capitalist Frontier: The Contradictions of New Australia, Paraguay
Authors: Stokes Freg J.
Published: April 2024

This article assesses the socialist colony of New Australia, founded in Paraguay in 1893, in its wider historical and environmental context. Drawing on archival research, the article contends that New Australia was founded as part of a broader settler colonial deforestation frontier in the southern Atlantic Rainforest. Despite the utopian socialist ideology of its founders, New Australia’s establishment was made possible by Paraguay’s violent integration into the capitalist world-system in the late nineteenth century. This integration had previously been obstructed by centuries of resistance by Indigenous Guaraní and Guaraní-descendant peoples to colonisation. Nevertheless, New Australia’s subsequent failure as a settler colony also ensured that its impact on the Atlantic Rainforest was relatively minimal, with the colony’s inhabitants themselves becoming integrated into Paraguay’s rural Guaraní-speaking population.
“Fascism Can Only Grow in Secrecy”: Greek and Yugoslavian Anti-Fascism in Melbourne’s “Long 1960s”
Authors: Hogg James
Published: April 2024

Studies of post-war anti-fascism in Australia have recently generated new insights into the continuities and transformations of post-war fascist and anti-fascist organisations. However, despite this upsurge in scholarship, the 1960s remain neglected. This article revises this absence through a case study of the Committee for the Restoration of Democracy in Greece (CRDG), the Yugoslav Settlers’ Organisation (YSA), and its successor, The Committee for Democracy in Australia (CDA). It draws on press reports, left-wing publications, and security files to suggest the anti-fascisms of Melbourne in the 1960s were influenced by a parallel politics of anti-imperialism. It shows how both organisations were influenced by the historical experience of resisting fascism, particularly the concept of a “united front” that facilitated a pan-left struggle against fascism and wider systems of oppression and domination. In doing so, this article contributes to the growing historiography on varieties of anti-fascism and their overlap with related emancipation movements.
Mid-infrared Spectrum of the Disk around the Forming Companion GQ Lup B Revealed by JWST/MIRI
Authors: Cugno Gabriele , Patapis Polychronis , Banzatti Andrea , Meyer Michael , Dannert Felix A. , Stolker Tomas , MacDonald Ryan J. , Pontoppidan Klaus M.
Published: April 2024

GQ Lup B is a forming brown dwarf companion (M ∼ 10–30 M
J) showing evidence for an infrared excess associated with a disk surrounding the companion itself. Here we present mid-infrared (MIR) observations of GQ Lup B with the Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) on JWST, spanning 4.8–11.7 μm. We remove the stellar contamination using reference differential imaging based on principal component analysis, demonstrating that the MRS can perform high-contrast science. Our observations provide a sensitive probe of the disk surrounding GQ Lup B. We find no sign of a silicate feature, similar to other disks surrounding very low-mass objects, which likely implies significant grain growth (

a

min

≳
5

μm) and potentially dust settling. Additionally, we find that if the emission is dominated by an inner wall, the disk around the companion might have an inner cavity larger than the one set by sublimation. Conversely, if our data probe the emission from a thin flat disk, we find the disk to be very compact. More observations are required to confirm this findings and assess the vertical structure of the disk. This approach paves the path to the future study of circumplanetary disks and their physical properties. Our results demonstrate that MIR spectroscopic observations can reveal the physical characteristics of disks around forming companions, providing unique insights into the formation of giant planets, brown dwarfs, and their satellites.
The Disappearance of the Blue and Luminous Progenitor of the Type IIn SN 2010jl
Authors: Niu Zexi , Sun Ning-Chen , Liu Jifeng
Published: April 2024

Type IIn supernovae (SNe) exhibit narrow hydrogen lines that arise from the strong interaction between ejecta and circumstellar material. It remains poorly understood, however, what progenitor stars give rise to these explosions. In this work, we perform a detailed analysis of the progenitor and environment of the nearby Type IIn SN 2010jl. With newer images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, we confirm that the previously reported progenitor candidate is a blend of the progenitor itself and a field star cluster in its close vicinity. SN 2010jl has now become much fainter than the progenitor. The progenitor is very blue and luminous with an effective temperature of log T
eff/K = 4.26

−
0.09

+
0.11

and a luminosity of log L/L
⊙ = 6.52

−
0.16

+
0.20

. It is located in a very young star-forming region, but its luminosity is much higher than that expected from the environmental stellar populations. We suggest that the progenitor was in outburst when observed. Its nature and evolutionary history remain to be investigated.
Presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in transforming growth factor β and insulin-like growth factor 1 in class II malocclusions due to retrognathic mandible
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Patil Amol , Sharma Sonakshi , Rout Tanisha , Hemgude Pragati , Sabane Anand
Published: April 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) (rs1800469) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (rs17032362) genes in Class II individuals with a normal maxilla and retrognathic (short) mandible.

Materials and methods: The study had 25 participants: 5 were assigned to the control group, which had a normal maxilla and mandible, and 20 to the experimental group, which had a structurally retrognathic mandible and a normal maxilla. The polymerase chain reaction was used with preselected primers after which Sanger sequencing was used to identify individual mutations.

Results: SNP at rs1800469 (TGF-β) in the study and control groups showed significant difference (p=0.009). The Odds Ratio of 5.28 signified that the individuals with SNP at rs1800469 were at 5.28 times higher risk of developing mandibular retrognathism. The IGF SNP showed its presence in experimental group but was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Our study reports for the first time on the association between TGF-βSNP and mandibular retrognathism. Other SNP also showed its presence in the study group and its complete absence from control group directs us for further research.
Emerging pattern of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism in South India – a six-year retrospective study
Authors: Viswanathan Ganesh , Mathew Vivek , Jeeragi Mallikarjuna , George Belinda , Bantwal Ganapathi , Ayyar Vageesh , Michael John
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease with a variable presentation. There is a recent increase in the number of asymptomatic cases due to the use of multichannel automated analyzers.

Aim: To analyze the changing trend of PHPT patients from South India.

Materials and methods: We collected the data on clinical presentation, biochemistry, radiological features, and operative findings of patients with PHPT treated in our hospital over a period of six years and looked at the differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic PHPT.

Results: Our study included 80 patients. A significant proportion (~41%; n=33) of the patients were asymptomatic. Fifty-seven percent of asymptomatic patients were females. Mean age at presentation of asymptomatic patients was 50.58 (±14.67) compared to 47.28 (±14.78) for the symptomatic group, which was not statistically significant (p=0.34). The mean levels of serum calcium, phosphorous, 25(OH)D, iPTH, and 24-hour urinary calcium in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic patients were 12.47 (±2.26) mg/dl vs. 12.27 (±1.82) mg/dl (p=0.70), 2.59 (±0.74) mg/dl vs. 2.38 (±0.77) mg/dl (p=0.27), 12 (±1.2) ng/ml vs. 10.85 (±1) ng/ml (p=0.78), 1212.5 pg/ml vs. 678.5 pg/ml (p=0.31), and 292.6 mg/day vs. 262 mg/day (p=0.64), respectively. When Ca and gland weight were compared with variations in the iPTH levels, there was a significant positive correlation with PTH >600 pg/ml (p=0.001) with no between-group differences. The adenoma weight increased by 0.5291 mg for every unit increase in iPTH in the entire cohort, with no between-group differences (p=0.52).

Conclusion: Asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism is increasingly being identified in clinical practice and constitutes a significant proportion of primary hyperparathyroidism. Though asymptomatic PHPT is expected to be milder, such a difference in presentation was not obvious in our study.
Evaluation of oral health status in pregnant women and its correlation with calcium and phosphate levels
Authors: Behluli Edon , Veseli Enis , Veseli Argjira
Published: April 2024

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the oral health conditions of pregnant women. The analysis involves evaluating two key indices: the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) index. Furthermore, this study investigated potential correlations between calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) levels within specific time intervals and the aforementioned oral health indices.

Materials and methods: This study included 66 women. The examination consisted of assessing the condition of the teeth by using the DMFT index. Additionally, the erosive decay of the teeth was evaluated according to the BEWE index. Salivary concentrations of Ca and P were determined using a colorimetric method. These measurements were performed during the first (T1) and third (T3) trimesters of pregnancy.

Results: The study results showed that the DMFT index value in T3 was significantly higher compared to that in T1. However, there were no significant differences in BEWE index values between the two time intervals. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in the levels of Ca and P between T1 and T3 (Z=4.87, p=0.000 and Z=2.95, p=0.003, respectively). Nevertheless, the analysis of the relationship between DMFT/BEWE indices and Ca and P levels found no significant correlation.

Conclusions: The results suggest that the third trimester poses a greater oral health burden. Additionally, there were notable fluctuations in the Ca and P levels during pregnancy. These findings shed light on the correlation between pregnancy phases and oral health indicators, emphasizing the significance of the salivary composition.
An osteoporosis knowledge assessment instrument – development and validation
Authors: Taneva Daniela , Kirkova-Bogdanova Angelina , Todorova Marieta , Bukova Veselina
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The consequences of osteoporotic fractures are extremely detrimental to the individual as well as to society. Adopting effective preventative measures is a top public health priority.

Aim: This paper deals with the development and validation of an osteoporosis knowledge measurement tool.

Materials and methods: The study sample included 335 healthy women aged between 25 and 51 years. The osteoporosis knowledge measurement tool is an adapted version of the osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT). To determine the validity and reliability of the tool, we examined the psychometric properties. Nonparametric methods were used for the statistical analysis.

Results: Flesch reading ease index was 55.14. The Cronbach’s α value was 0.884. The corrected item-total correlations varied between 0.340 and 0.611. The items’ mean difficulty was 0.46. The mean discrimination index was 0.61. The mean score of the sample was M=12.64±5.164, a little bit higher than 50% of the success rate.

Conclusion: The tool can be used in different settings to assess educational needs and plan interventions. The results indicate a need for educational and preventive initiatives.
Development and validation of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for detection of sibutramine in dietary supplements
Authors: Kozhuharov Vanya R. , Chakarov Dzhevdet , Ivanova Stanislava , Ivanov Kalin
Published: April 2024

Introduction: In the period between 1997 and 2010, sibutramine-containing drugs were widely prescribed for obesity and over-weight management. Due to safety concerns, in 2010 all medicines containing sibutramine were urgently withdrawn from the USA and European pharmaceutical market. Although sibutramine is no longer available in pharmaceutical products, there have been numerous reports of mislabeled weight-loss dietary supplements containing sibutramine.

Aim: This work aimed to develop and validate an accurate and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection of sibutramine.

Materials and methods: The method was developed using a CAMAG HPTLC system. Silica gel 60 F254 aluminum HPTLC plates were used as stationary phase and toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol (7:2:1 v/v/v) as mobile phase.

Results: The calibration curve was built in the range of 0.250–1.250 μg/band. The method provided satisfactory linearity, specificity, precision, and accuracy. The LOD and the LOQ were 0.0765 μg/band and 0.2318 μg/band, respectively.

Conclusions: The method allows for the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples as well as the rapid and sensitive monitoring of sibutramine levels in dietary supplements.
Review: Policy strategy of nano cosmetic testing in Indonesia
Authors: Yustina Yustina , Bodrorini Nany , Sophian Alfi , Lukitaningsih Endang
Published: April 2024

The implementation of nanotechnology in the cosmetic industry has developed promptly in recent decades. Among them are sunscreen, skincare, decorative makeup, and hair colorant. The cosmetics industry is a significant user of nanoscale raw materials in its manufacturing procedures. However, the supervision regarding the safety and quality of cosmetic products containing nanomaterials (NMs) in Indonesia conducted by the Indonesian FDA remains not fully optimized. This poses a challenge for the Indonesian FDA, particularly concerning the significance of employing appropriate characterization methods and the necessity for systematic evaluation. Hazard identification, exposure evaluation, microbiological testing, and NM characterization are some methods that can be conducted for monitoring nano cosmetics. Procuring instruments for nano-analysis will be a significant investment for the purpose of monitoring cosmetic products marketed in Indonesia.
Asplenium guodanum (Aspleniaceae), a distinct new fern species from northern Guangdong, China, based on morphological data and molecular phylogeny
Authors: Xu Ke-Wang , Han Yu-Tong , Dong Yu-Ran , Guo Jian-Qiang , Mao Ling-Feng , Liao Wen-Bo
Published: April 2024

A new spleenwort species, Asplenium guodanum, was found and described from Danxia landform region in Guangdong, China. The new species has close resemblance to A. subcrenatum Ching ex S.H.Wu in morphology, but can be distinguished by having plants small, stipes and rachises not covered with fibrous scales, relatively fewer pairs of pinnae, pinnae short, pinna margin weakly biserrate, pinna apex acute and lower pinnae obviously reduced. Phylogenetic analyses, based on six plastid markers (atpB, rbcL, rps4 & rps4-trnS and trnL & trnL-F) of the new species and its relatives, support a close relationship between A. guodanum and A. subcrenatum. Only one population with no more than 50 individuals were found and, therefore, it is recommended to be classified as Critically Endangered (CR) following IUCN Red List Criteria.
A Grammian matrix and controllability study of fractional delay integro-differential Langevin systems
Authors: Hammad Hasanen A. , Dafaalla Mohammed E. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: April 2024

This study focused on introducing a fresh model of fractional operators incorporating multiple delays, termed fractional integro-differential Langevin equations with multiple delays. Additionally, the research evaluated the relative controllability of this model within finite-dimensional spaces. Employing fixed-point theory yields the desired outcomes, with the controllability assessment facilitated by Schauder's fixed point and the Grammian matrix defined through the Mittag-Leffler matrix function. Validation of the results was conducted through an application.
Sharp coefficient problems of functions with bounded turning subordinated to the domain of cosine hyperbolic function
Authors: Peng Zhen , Arif Muhammad , Abbas Muhammad , Cho Nak Eun , Alhefthi Reem K.
Published: April 2024

In the current article, we consider a class of bounded turning functions associated with the cosine hyperbolic function and give some results containing coefficient functionals using the familiar Carathéodory functions. An improvement on the bound of the third-order Hankel determinant for functions in this class is provided. Furthermore, we obtain sharp estimates of the Fekete-Szegö, Krushkal, and Zalcman functionals with logarithmic coefficients as entries. All the findings are proved to be sharp.
Game Design for a Fiverr: Precarity, Regionality, and Platform-Mediation in the Gig Economy
Authors: DeJong Scott , Iantorno Michael
Published: April 2024

In this article, we investigate users who sell complete design services (i.e., ostensibly creating a full, original game for a client) on the gig economy platform Fiverr. By studying the platform’s affordances and analyzing user profiles, we construct two central arguments: First, we contend that gig economy platforms facilitate, shape, and moderate labor in ways that vary from more commonly discussed models of game design. Second, we push back against Fiverr’s claims of a boundaryless workforce by analyzing local conditions that concentrate labor in particular jurisdictions. After briefly reviewing the history of gig labor, we use the walkthrough method to analyze Fiverr: reviewing registration processes, protocols between buyers and sellers, and platform governance structures. We then survey fifty seller listings to determine what services are available, how much they cost, and how they are clustered geographically. Next, we address the prevalence of Pakistani users among our sample of sellers by scrutinizing global wage inequities and regional initiatives that may push workers toward the gig economy. To close, we reflect on Fiverr’s place in the game design ecosystem, investigate how gig economy labor is framed in educational institutions, and touch upon our research limitations. While gig economy platforms are often critiqued for labor exploitation or mocked for providing poor-quality services, these are both oversimplifications of complex economic, institutional, and policy assemblages. Ideally, this article will serve as a first step in better understanding game development on gig economy platforms and their power to reshape geographies of game development.
Digital Public Sphere's Role in COVID-19 Mitigation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Hungwe Kedmon Nyasha , Rakatsinzwa Ashley R. , Mukono Felix
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the dynamics of government and citizen interaction in Zimbabwe concerning the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular emphasis on the digital public sphere. As technology emerges as a vital player in information dissemination, understanding the balance between official government sources and informal channels is pivotal. Using qualitative interviews, the authors examined the influence of these channels on public perceptions. The results highlighted a lack of trust in the government, reliance on informal networks for counternarratives, and widespread misconceptions about the virus. The study further underscores the significance of tailored communication strategies, considering socio-economic, linguistic, and digital divides. The findings have broad implications for future pandemic response strategies, emphasizing the importance of trust, clarity, and accessibility of information.
Kiswahili Video Messaging on COVID-19 Awareness in Kenya
Authors: Nabea Wendo
Published: April 2024

The first cases of Covid-19 in the world can be traced to 2019. However, in Kenya and a number of other East African countries, the first cases of the disease were documented in March 2020. As the day went on, the spread of the virus gained momentum causing panic in the country. Awareness messaging on Covid-19 led by the government and supported by health agencies became regular on the Kenyan media, especially on the radio, television, and mainstream newspapers. Messaging was mainly done in English, Kiswahili, and mother tongue with the earlier enjoying a skewed advantage. A portion of this messaging was done via video, composed locally and internationally. The objective of the study was to examine the strategies employed in this video communication to create awareness of Covid-19. The results demonstrate that in a substantial number of cases, the dissemination was hampered by wanting grammar, English to Kiswahili translational flaws, and unsuitable animatronics. The chapter contends that the Kiswahili video messaging mainly failed the test of communicative value.
COVID-19 Messages and High Risk Areas
Authors: Chibike Jennings Joy , Muzhingi Samuel Anesu
Published: April 2024

This chapter examines the views and perspectives of journalists on the role played by Radio Zimbabwe in informing refugee residents at Tongogara Refugees Camp in Zimbabwe about COVID-19. Also, the chapter examines their views and perspectives on the potential of Radio Zimbabwe and its COVID-19 message in creating a sense of belonging for the refugees. Its theoretical toolkit is drawn from the social responsibility theory and public sphere theory. Empirical data were drawn from in-depth interviews with 12 purposively selected radio journalists from Zimbabwe. The chapter established that Radio Zimbabwe's jingles, news, and announcements on COVID-19 were not directed at refugees; thus, it was argued that the radio station did not adequately inform refugees residing at Tongogara Refugee Camp. Also, the chapter fleshes out Radio Zimbabwe's mediation of COVID-19 failed to fan a sense of belonging in refugees. Instead, the way Radio Zimbabwe handled COVID-19 strengthened the minority and marginalised identity in Zimbabwe.
Hydrogen in Storage and Transportation
Authors: Tierling K. S.
Published: April 2024

Liquid hydrogen provides advantages over compressed hydrogen in storage and transportation, and this presentation will explore the advantages and disadvantages of liquid hydrogen over compressed hydrogen gas in onshore storage and long-range marine hydrogen transportation.

One of the key storage differences between liquid hydrogen and compressed hydrogen is the key advantage that liquid hydrogen has a higher density than compressed hydrogen in storage. Relative to compressed hydrogen, more compact containment could be used. At the marine loading facility, means of recovering or reliquefying the hydrogen boil-off gas could be present, accommodating one of the significant downsides of transportation of hydrogen as liquid.

Static storage has its set of issues, but transportation can be more demanding. Long range marine transportation puts significant constraints on the size of the hydrogen containers. However, marine transportation of liquid hydrogen may not have a means of recovering the boil-off gas.

Key decision points distinguishing compressed hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen are presented. Additionally, options for on-board refrigeration and use of boil-off gas are also discussed.

The presentation provides an introduction to hydrogen storage and transportation and the impacts of using liquid hydrogen during storage and transportation vis a vis compressed hydrogen gas, as presented in a series of graphics and charts. This allows the session participant to understand the key issues with onshore storage and marine transportation of hydrogen.
Revolutionizing Production in High CO2 and High GOR Fields, Paving the Way to a Low Carbon World
Authors: Passarelli F. M. , Bidart A. M. , Spelta M. J. , Moura D. A. , Silva N. E. , Vieira A. J. , Oliveira A. M. , Roberto M. A.
Published: April 2024

The Subsea High-Pressure Separation, in this paper named as SHPS, is an innovative subsea separation technology designed to separate gas with high-CO2 content from the reservoir-produced fluid at the seabed. This technology operates under high-pressure conditions and utilizes centrifugal pumps to directly reinject the separated gas stream back into the reservoir. By removing the excess of gas with high CO2 content, the SHPS technology enables efficient separation and contributes to emissions intensity reduction, making it a promising system for carbon capture.

The primary objective of the SHPS is to debottleneck the topside gas processing plant and extend the oil production plateau by reducing the Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) of the oil stream that reaches the FPSO (Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading) facility. Additionally, the technology addresses challenges posed by high GOR, CO2 content, and productivity index (PI) in ultra-deep water offshore reservoirs, particularly in the Brazilian Pre-salt.

This paper provides an overview of the rigorous qualification program developed for the SHPS technology, in accordance with API 17N and 17Q standards. The technological roadmap includes successful completion of experimental tests, early engagement with subsea companies, and a de-risking phase focused on pump design and testes with dense gas as well as dynamic simulations. The remaining phases involve the construction, integration, installation, and operational testing of the SHPS system in the challenging Pre-salt environment, ultimately leading to its qualification as a transformative innovation.

Throughout the development of the SHPS, valuable insights have been gained, emphasizing the importance of a clear vision, engaged multidisciplinary project team, market validation, prototyping, testing, risk mitigation, scalability, and adaptability.

In conclusion, the SHPS technology offers significant potential for enhancing offshore oil and gas operations. By effectively separating and reinjecting high CO2 content gas into the reservoir, SHPS optimizes production, reduces emissions intensity, and contributes to environmental sustainability. Its integration with carbon capture capabilities adds further value, making it a valuable asset in the industry’s pursuit of cleaner and more sustainable energy production. The collaboration with key players and adherence to industry standards position SHPS as a game-changer in revolutionizing oil and gas production in challenging offshore environments. Overall, SHPS represents a promising solution for the industry, addressing key challenges and contributing to a low-carbon future.
Final Assembly Industrialization for Floating Foundations
Authors: Manca A. , Mauries B. , Kerdiles E. , Tripodi F.
Published: April 2024

Saipem developed an industrialization process to carry out the offshore wind foundations final assembly stage aiming to achieve a compact and efficient work site able to deliver the high throughput needed for floating wind farms at gigawatt scale. This final assembly industrialization process, called Smart Yard (patent pending), applies a production line philosophy where the work is split among optimized workstations minimizing the duration of the operations, the space required, and the number of resources necessary with a positive impact on the project economics and timeline.

The Smart Yard production process approach it’s optimized for Saipem’s STAR1 semi-submersible design, and intended to be accommodated on a number of US ports (present and future) and it will contribute to the cost-efficiency necessary for floating wind to take off in US, while supporting the development of a American fabrication value-chain for floating wind. The Saipem’s STAR1 final assembly process has been split up in an exhaustive sequence of elementary tasks. Those tasks and the different tools and techniques available on the market to perform them have been analyzed to select the most appropriate ones and define the duration and methodologies applicable to each task.

The Smart Yard assembly process applied for STAR1 has resulted in the definition of typically 3- 4 workstations. A customized equipment shall handle parts alignment in combination with a real time laser alignment method ensuring a perfect fit. Dedicated access and fabrication towers fitted with the selected welding technologies and real time NDE shall minimize the joining time eliminating reworks. The handling philosophy rely on the use of SPMTs/skidding which results in a great flexibility and operations easiness.

The area required is minimized, and with no need for oversized cranes deployment, the facility can be installed on a temporary basis and easily relocated. Additionally, the technology content and tasks specialization allow for fast workforce training. This type of production philosophy opens the path for a serial and mass production plant development tailored on the floating foundation product category.
Successful Underbalanced Drilling Campaign with Rotary Steerable System in Western Offshore India
Authors: Pawandeep Bagga , Sarang Pethe
Published: April 2024

In an underbalanced drilling scenario, an operator in India needed to deploy a Rotary Steerable System (RSS) alongside N2 injection to maintain precise directional control. Within this Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) setup, an additional obstacle involved ensuring uninterrupted data transmission through positive pulse telemetry while drilling with Dual Phase fluid. This Dual Phase fluid leads to a reduction in mud density, potentially leading to a weakening or loss of signal strength. Additional Challenges involved delivering precise well profile and good hole cleaning.

Extensive pre-job and pre-study efforts were invested in preparing and configuring tools to withstand challenging underbalanced drilling (UBD) conditions while also ensuring the real-time delivery of high-quality formation evaluation data. The conversation encompassed tool configuration, specifically emphasizing the flow range, as well as the immediate steps required to ensure accurate directional control with RSS. The aims of integrating underbalanced drilling (UBD) technology in the designated field encompassed preventing reservoir damage to boost oil production and recoverable reserves from the wells. Simultaneously, it aimed to enhance drilling performance in the reservoir section by eradicating mud losses, leading to an increase in lateral length and improved reservoir contact.

Realtime geosteering was done by the operator with the help of Quadrant Gamma, Resistivity, Density and Porosity Data to be in sweet zone for entire section of the lateral. Drilling was done with base oil and with produced crude oil after the well started flowing because of Inflow testing. Three stage inflow tests were carried out with RSS tools in the well saving the operator one to two rig days and therefore continuing drilling with produced fluid.

The paper presents a case study for 4 wells campaign where RSS along with Logging While Drilling tools was used in underbalanced Conditions. Also, the paper compares the improvement in strategies which was carried out in-situ and as a lesson learnt for future wells.
Results of the Mini-Adaptive Sampling Test Run (MASTR) Experiment: Autonomous Vehicles, Drifters, Floats, ROCIS, and HF-Radar, to Improve Loop Current System Dynamics and Forecasts in the Deepwater Gulf of México
Authors: DiMarco S. F. , Glenn S. , Smith M. , Jaimes de la Cruz B. , Ramos R. , Pallas-Sanz E. , Tenreiro M. , Mahmud S. , Nwankwo U. , Miles T. N. , Jiménez R. Monreal , Salas de León D. , Knap A. H. , Shay L. K. , Magnell B. , Storie J. , Stuart G. , Marble J. , Tereza V. K. Contreras
Published: April 2024

We report the preliminary results of the international MASTR (Mini-Adaptive Sampling Test-Run) Experiment of the UGOS (Understanding the Gulf Ocean Systems) Program, which simultaneously deployed multiple autonomous measurement platforms (i.e., ocean buoyancy gliders, subsurface floats, surface drifters) and high-frequency coastal radar in the Deepwater south-eastern Gulf of México. The state-of-the-art ocean observing technologies provide near-real-time surface and subsurface co-located temperature, salinity and velocity observations and were assessed for improvements to the predictive capability of multiple federal and industry operational ocean circulation models. Six ocean buoyancy gliders were deployed in the western Yucatan Strait near Mahahual, México - four of the gliders were deployed in January 2024, two gliders were deployed from July thru November 2023. The summer and fall 2023 glider data was assimilated into the NOAA RTOFS numerical model and significantly improved the model performance to accurately represent the vertical hydrographic structure of the inflowing water from the Caribbean Sea to the Gulf of México via the Yucatan Strait. The high-frequency radar system deployed near Cancun, México was operational throughout the experiment. Radar observations of surface velocity during fall 2023 observed the passage of extreme weather events, including Hurricane Idalia (26 August – 2 September). Additionally, the hi-frequency radar observed the spatial and temporal position of the Yucatan Current speed core as the Loop Current System in the Gulf of México evolved from a retracted state to an extended state, to a detached state, with numerous reattachment sequences. The research underscores the complexity of the four-dimensional structure of the Loop Current system and the spatial and temporal evolution of the circulation in response to topographic, tidal, geostrophic, ageostrophic, and wind forcing. Additional observations from airborne and subsurface observational platforms reveal sub-mesoscale variability and the correlation between surface and subsurface current patterns.
Development of Induction Heating Technology for HPHT Pipeline Fabrication
Authors: O’Neill Sean , Gordon John , Robertson Neil , Sykes Ian
Published: April 2024

Pipeline design for high pressure/high temperature applications (HPHT) requires the use of heavy walled pipe up to 2" thickness. This leads to enhanced pipe chemistry & complexity for girth weld fabrication, particularly when sour service requirements are specified. Subsea 7 executed recent HPHT projects consisting of heavy wall SCRs and Flowlines laid in up to 2000m/6600ft water depth; technical knowledge has been advanced in the areas of pipe weldability, hardness control & heating technology. A critical parameter for welding qualifications is to ensure accurate control of the pipe preheating & interpass temperatures. High preheats of up to 250°C (482°F) are required for hardness compliance to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 (2020), while the interpass temperature cannot exceed 300°C (572°F) to ensure adequate weld strength overmatching for reeling.

Using experience gained across 2 deepwater HPHT projects, Subsea 7 developed new induction heating equipment and procedures to successfully manage the heating specification. A fixed ring induction system was employed at the front end of the production spoolbase for preheating prior to fit-up; fixed rings were selected to provide uniform heating with a target variation of <15°C around the circumference. Uniform heating is critical for SCRs to ensure consistency of the weld root profile for fatigue sensitive design; the flaw acceptance criteria within this part of the weld is typically no planar indications permitted. The remainder of the production line utilised open-type induction coils set in between the welding stations for interpass temperature maintenance. Both types of equipment were constructed with 4x integrated thermocouples for monitoring & regulation of the heating cycle.

This work will present the technical solution developed including an overview of the production layout & its benefit for HPHT pipeline fabrication.
Interdependencies Between Offshore Wind Design and Permitting Processes
Authors: Stahl C.
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the interdependencies between offshore wind design and the federal permitting process for utility-scale offshore wind, while proposing a list of topical areas requiring frequent interaction between two or more organizational functions in support of informed decisions with the best available information. In the United States (U.S.), the primary document upon which approval to construct an offshore wind project is based is the Construction and Operations Plan (COP), submitted by the offshore wind developer. The COP forms the foundation of content in the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) prepared by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). BOEM's approval of the EIS is the key decision milestone, enabling the issuance of nearly all federal permits needed to construct and operate an offshore wind farm within Federal Waters of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). More than 30 specific expert-led assessments and studies are included in a COP, requiring a minimum of two years of effort. Typically, the developer engages a consultant to coordinate and author the development of the COP, with support from specialist subcontractors. In parallel, the developer either hires, or has an internal department concurrently working on, the design and early phase engineering of the project. A natural organizational tendency is for these teams to operate within their technical areas, communicating with each other only at specific interfaces on specific topics. This common tendency can result in engineering decisions with unanticipated effects on the COP development and permitting schedule.
Bonga Main Life Extension Project: An In-Situ Life Extension of an FPSO Using FAIR+ER Methodology and Digital Twin Technology as Basis for Scope Identification and Definition
Authors: Ugbelase J. , Osadebe O. , Bhat S. , Adegoke A. , Nnoaham I. , Okwuosah S.
Published: April 2024

Production commenced in 2005 from the Bonga Main Field, which is a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) + subsea development situated in between 950-1500m of water depth and about 120km offshore Lagos Nigeria. The Bonga FPSO has a nominal 20-year design life and at the time it was commissioned and till date, remains the largest FPSO in Nigerian waters with a nameplate capacity of 2,000,000Bpd, production handling capacity of 225,000Bpd and export capacity of 1,000,000Bpd through a single point mooring (SPM) buoy system.

By January 2014, the Bonga Field had produced its FID promised volume of 500 million Barrels, and by February 2023 had produced 1 billion barrels. The Bonga Main Life Extension (BMLE) Project aims to extend the life of the FPSO by additional 15 years to produce the tail volumes from the field in addition to infill volumes from further developments including the Bonga North tie-back project.

To assess the requirements to extend the life of the FPSO, a well-established process known as the Focused Asset Integrity Review (FAIR) + Equipment Review (ER) Life-Extension process which brings global performance standards into the evaluation of Safety critical elements (SCE) was used to identify status and to determine required actions for life extension of the FPSO. While the initial FAIR+ER LE, Corrective Actions Workshop & Scope challenge was carried out in between October 2016 and February 2016, it was repeated between November 2019 and April 2020 and this resulted in identification of 34 sub-project scopes across Topsides, Subsea, OHRM and pipelines. Each sub-project has pre-defined trigger points which are compared with the outcomes of relevant studies and/or inspections to determine if they should be matured to execution.

Further to the aforementioned, the decision for an in-situ life extension rather than dry docking was chosen after a concept selection for a 10-year life extension period. As of December 2023 a 15-year life extension was firm for Bonga FPSO based upon the outcome of analysis of the state of integrity of the FPSO Hull, using a Digital Twin Technology while working with Vendors. This study outcome was subjected to further reviews and challenge to check it for credibility and robustness, prior to support for 15-year life extension. This paper aims to provide an overview of BMLE portfolio, scope development and maturation process, project philosophy and governance, key challenges encountered on the project, the assessment to determine the remaining Hull life and current project status. This paper is part of a Deep-water Projects Nigeria presentation under the growth theme for OTC 2024, and the other papers are listed in the references.