bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anglo‐American and Mexican American University Students' Estimation of Value Placed on Higher Educational Attainments by Significant Persons in Their Lives
Authors: Valencia Atilano A.
Published: December 2011

This study was designed to determine the degree of value that academically successful university 4th‐year students from 2 cultural populations in American society place on higher educational attainments, such as the baccalaureate degree, and to yield information on the value that their parents and 4 other significant persons in their lives place on higher educational attainments based on the students' own perceptions and estimations.
Distinctive Members: The Effects of Solo Arrangements on Evaluations of Solos and Similar Others
Authors: Craig Kellina M. , O'Neal Edgar C. , Langley Travis
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the effect of group composition on judgments of African Americans. White male and female college students responded to photographic slides of female work groups in which the racial composition of the group was systematically altered to represent varying degrees of distinctiveness. Each participant judged the effectiveness of individual group members, as well as the competency of the overall group. Findings suggested that work groups which contained a distinctive (or solo) group member may affect judgments about similar others encountered later who share the solo's rare characteristic. Results are discussed in terms of the effect of these types of arrangements in organizational settings, and implications of these findings for practitioners and managers are discussed.
The Future Direction of Multicultural Counseling: An Assessment of Preservice School Counselors' Thoughts
Authors: Herring Roger D.
Published: December 2011

This article presents the findings of a study of preservice school counselors' conceptualizations of the goals, implementations, and practice of multicultual counseling. This study reveals several observations for school counselor training programs to consider and hopefully address.
Challenges to the Career Development of Urban Racial and Ethnic Minority Youth: Implications for Vocational Intervention
Authors: Constantine Madonna G. , Erickson Chris D. , Banks Reginald W. , Timberlake Terri L.
Published: December 2011

Urban racial and ethnic minority youth experience a variety of internal and external challenges to their career development. This article discusses several potential barriers to successful career attainment experienced by racial and ethnic minority youth and identifies a series of recommendations that vocational counselors may wish to consider in addressing the career development needs of this population.
Urban Adolescents' Personality and Learning Styles: Required Knowledge to Develop Effective Interventions in Schools
Authors: Peeke Patricia A. , Steward Robbie J. , Ruddock Judy A.
Published: December 2011

Researchers identified personality typologies (Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator; Myers, 1962) among urban African American high school Juniors and seniors (n = 173). Introverted Sensing Thinking Judging (ISTJ) and the Introverted Sensing Thinking Perceptive (ISTP) were the two most represented typologies. Implications for school counselors, teachers, and teacher and counselor educators are discussed.
Sex‐Related HIV/AIDS Prevention Among African American College Students: Issues for Preventive Counseling
Authors: Braithwaite Ronald , Stephens Torrance , Sumpter‐Gaddist Bambi W. , Murdaugh Henry , Taylor Sandra , Braithwaite Kisha
Published: December 2011

This study examined condom use during oral and anal sex among 1,593 African American male and female college undergraduates. Findings suggest a high level of concordance between men and women on several measures. However, female participants were more likely to use condoms during oral and anal sex than were male participants.
Brief Counseling With Hispanic American College Students
Authors: Cruz Jeannette , Littrell John M.
Published: December 2011

Sixteen Hispanic American college students met with a Puerto Rican counselor for 2 brief counseling sessions. Brief counseling was a viable and effective approach in helping the students reach their goals. Types of student concerns about and student perceptions of brief counseling were also examined.
Psychotherapy With African American Men: What We Know and What We Need to Know
Authors: Thorn George R. , Sarata Brian P. V.
Published: December 2011

African American men are at an increasingly high risk of experiencing psychological disturbances. Strategies for establishing effective therapeutic relationships with these clients are provided in the literature. Notably absent are empirical data pertaining to the effectiveness of psychotherapy with African American men. This article reviews the literature on psychotherapy and proposes an agenda for the next decade of research with African American male clients.
The Relationships Among Counselor‐Trainees' Gender, Cognitive Development, and White Racial Identity: Implications for Counselor Training
Authors: Steward Robbie J. , Boatwright Karyn J. , Sauer Eric , Baden Amanda , Jackson James D.
Published: December 2011

In a study of 82 White counselor trainees enrolled in 3 graduate programs, gender and the lowest stage of cognitive development were found to significantly contribute to the variance in lower levels of the White racial identity. Male trainees who tended to think in dichotomous terms and look to authority to provide the correct answers tended to report attitudes about race reflected in lower levels of White racial identity. Significant relationships were not found between higher stages of cognitive development and higher levels of White racial identity. Implications for training are presented and discussed.
Applications of Group Career Counseling Techniques in Asian Cultures
Authors: Pope Mark
Published: December 2011

In this article, applications of group career counseling techniques to Asian cultures are discussed. The article first identifies how group‐oriented cultures differ from individually oriented cultures, reasons that group career counseling is especially appropriate for group‐oriented cultures, and relevant issues in group career counseling with Asian populations. Interventions that illustrate the use of group career counseling with Asian clients are prescribed.
Intrafamilial Separations in the Immigrant Family: Implications for Cross‐Cultural Counseling
Authors: Sciarra Daniel T.
Published: December 2011

A structural family therapy (SFT) approach is combined with the paradigm of acculturation to increase counselors' sensitivity to a subcase of immigrant families, namely those whose members arrive at different times in the United States. The focus is on those families in which parents have preceded children in the immigration experience, which creates the challenging scenario of parents being more adapted to the host culture than their children. Written primarily for family counselors working with immigrant children and their parents, the article provides culturally sensitive counseling strategies based on a structural conceptualization of families, as well as suggestions for future research directions.
Multicultural Issues in Predoctoral Internship Programs: A National Survey
Authors: Constantine Madonna G. , Gloria Alberta M.
Published: December 2011

The present study examined the extent to which internship training directors (ITDs) addressed multicultural issues in their predoctoral training programs. Regarding the overall sample, ITDs reported varied levels of attention to specific multicultural issues. By internship agency type, ITDs at university counseling centers reported significantly greater attention to multicultural issues than did ITDs at community mental health centers, state hospitals, medical schools, and private psychiatric hospitals. Results clearly indicated the need for increased attention to multicultural issues in all internship programs.
Asian Americans' and African Americans' Initial Perceptions of Hispanic Counselors
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the effects of Hispanic counselors' race and speech accent on Asian American and African American students' initial perceptions. Results show that students' gender, race, and level of “universal‐diverse” orientation, along with counselors' speech accent, predicted students' initial perceptions of the counselors and of the counseling relationship.
Balm in Gilead: Spiritual Dimensions in Counseling African American Women
Authors: Frame Marsha Wiggins , Williams Carmen Braun , Green Evelyn L.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe African American cultural and spiritual traditions that are the bedrock for therapeutic work with this population. Through the use of a clinical case, they link African American women's emotional issues with healing interventions borrowed from their rich heritage of religious and spiritual rituals and practices.
Does the Worm Live in the Ground? Reflections on Native American Spirituality
Authors: Garrett Michael Tlanusta , Wilbur Michael P.
Published: December 2011

Native American spirituality is described through the 4 basic cultural elements of Medicine, Harmony, Relation, and Vision. Based on these 4 cultural elements, practical implications for counseling are offered concerning greeting, hospitality, silence, space, eye contact, intention, and collaboration.
Narrative Therapy: A Storied Context for Multicultural Counseling
Authors: Semmler Pamela Lucey , Williams Carmen Braun
Published: December 2011

Narrative therapy attempts to examine and use the meanings and consequences that are the foundation of the stories and experiences clients bring to therapy. In this article, the authors review narrative therapy, including a description of key narrative techniques, and its application to multicultural counseling.
Informal and Professional Support for Solving Psychological Problems Among Korean‐Speaking Immigrants
Authors: Shin Jin Yong , Berkson Gershon , Crittenden Kathleen
Published: December 2011

Korean American immigrants rated the helpfulness of various sources of social support in addressing 3 psychological problems. Traditionalism was not related to perceived helpfulness of professionals but was significantly related to perceived helpfulness of informal support. Path analysis revealed that traditionalism and attitudes toward professionals mediated the effects of personal variables on the perceptions of social support.
Making the Hurt Go Away: Psychological and Spiritual Healing for African American Women Survivors of Childhood Incest
Authors: Robinson Tracy L.
Published: December 2011

Psychological and spiritual healing for African American women survivors of childhood sexual abuse are defined and discussed. A description of a support group facilitated by the author for African American women survivors provides clinical insight. Sexuality, which is undoubtedly affected by incest, is also discussed. Implications for counselors and recommendations for their self‐care are presented.
The Relationship Between Racial Identity Development and Multicultural Counseling Competency
Authors: Vinson Teraesa S. , Neimeyer Greg J.
Published: December 2011

Eighty‐seven incoming doctoral students (65 European American and 22 people of color) completed a battery of tests (e.g., a multicultural counseling competency measure). More advanced levels of racial identity development were generally correlated with higher levels of multicultural counseling competency, greater amounts of prior multicultural training, and higher self‐reported ratings of overall counseling competency and multicultural counseling competency.
Promoting Multicultural Competence: A Cross‐Cultural Mentorship Project
Authors: Salzman Michael
Published: December 2011

This article describes a project designed to increase the multicultural competency of Euro‐American graduate counseling students and to serve the interests of Native American students as defined by Native American educators in an urban school district.
The Relationship Between Racial Identity Cluster Profiles and Psychological Distress Among African American College Students
Authors: Neville Helen A. , Lilly Roderick L.
Published: December 2011

One hundred eighty‐two African American college students completed the Racial Identity Attitudes Scale. Results from the multivariate categorization scheme revealed 5 types of empirically derived racial identity attitude profiles: “dissonance internalization” (34%), “committed internalization” (30%), “cngaged internalization” (21%), “undifferentiated racial identity” (8%), and “dormant racial identity” (7%). The profiles significantly differed on Brief Symptom Inventory subscale scores.
Fifteen Years of the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development: A Content Analysis
Authors: Pope‐Davis Donald B. , Ligiero Daniela P. , Liang Chris , Codrington Jamila
Published: December 2011

The authors present the results of a content analysis of articles that were published in the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development (JMCD) during the last 15 years. The analysis identified the leading contributors (i.e., authors, institutions) to JMCD, evaluated the content of the articles, examined the type of articles, and highlighted the particular cultural groups that were studied most frequently.

Los autores presentan los resultados de un análisis de el contenido de la Revista de Consejeria y Desarrollo Multicultural (JMCD), durante los ultimos 15 años. El análisis identificó los contribuyentes más destacados (en otras palabras, los autores, las instituciones) a JMCD; examinó el tipo del articulos y subrayó los grupos culturales que se estudiaron más frecuentemente.
Exploring the Nature of Race‐Related Guilt
Authors: Arminio Jan
Published: December 2011

In a hermeneutic phenomenology study, the main purpose of which was to explore how White graduate students made meaning of being White, race‐related guilt was found to be a prominent emotion. This article explores race‐related guilt and suggests liberation therapy as a counseling tool to transform guilt to positive action.

En un estudio interpretativo y fenomenologico que tuvo por propósito estudiar como estudiantes graduados crearon significado de ser Blancos, se encontro que la culpa racial fue una emoción prominente. Este artículo explora la culpa racial y sugiere a la terapia de liberación como una herramienta para transformar la culpa a la action positiva.
Multiculturally Responsive Counseling: Effects on Asian Students' Ratings of Counselors
Authors: Zhang Naijian , Dixon David N.
Published: December 2011

The authors conducted an analog study to investigate the difference between culturally responsive and culturally neutral counselors. Sixty Asian international students were interviewed by 6 counselors. Students in the culturally responsive condition rated their counselors as significantly more expert, attractive, and trustworthy than those in the culturally neutral condition.

Un estudio analágico se diseñó para investigar la diferencia entre consejeros culturalmente sensibles y culturalmente neutrales. Sesenta estudiantes internacionales Asiáticos fueron entrevistados por seis consejeros. Los estudiantes en la condición culturalmente sensible valoraron a sus consejeros como significativamente más expertos, atractivos, y confiables que ésos en la condición culturalmente neutral.
An Exercise in Ethnic Identity Awareness
Authors: McNeill Brian W.
Published: December 2011

Ethnic identity encompasses self‐concept and self‐identification, a sense of belonging, and positive and negative attitudes toward one's ethnic group. The author describes an exercise that introduces and facilitates awareness of the concept of ethnic identity by illustrating, with real‐life experiences and examples, the multidimensionality of ethnic identity.

La identidad Etnica abarca el concepto del ser y la identificación del ser, es un sentido de pertenencia, y de las actitudes positivas y negativas hacia el grupo étnico de cada uno. El autor describe un ejercicio que introduce y facilita el conocimiento del concepto de la identidad étnica ilustrando su multidimensionalidad con el uso de ejemplos y experiencias de vida diaria.
Future Research Directions in the Study of Counselor Multicultural Competency
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N. , Bartolomeo Maria , Nichols C. Matthew
Published: December 2011

This article presents research ideas for further study of the role of multicultural counseling competencies in counseling and psychotherapy. Research recommendations revolve around the ideas of including the client in the assessment of counselors' multicultural counseling competencies and of studying multicultural counseling competencies in relation to process and outcome indexes of counseling.

Este artículo presenta ideas para avanzar la investigación y estudio del papel de las competencias multiculturales en la consejería y la psicoterapia. Las recomendaciones de esta investigación se basan en dos ideas. La primera es incluir a los clientes en la evaluación de la competencia multicultural de sus consejeros, la segunda es el estudio de competencias multiculturales en relación al proceso y resultados de la consejería.
The Effect of Training on Multicultural Counseling Competencies: An Exploratory Study Over a Ten‐Year Period
Authors: Manese Jeanne E. , Wu John T. , Nepomuceno Cecilia A.
Published: December 2011

The impact of integrated multicultural internship training on multicultural counseling competencies was evaluated. Multicultural Counseling Awareness Scale (MCAS:B; J. G. Ponterotto, C. M. Sanchez, & D. M. Magids, 1991) scores were obtained at the beginning and end of internship. Knowledge/Skills scores significantly increased at the end of training. Implications for training, measurement, and research with multicultural counseling competencies are discussed.

El impacto de integrar las competencias de consejería multicultural en el entrenamiento de internados de psicología, fué evaluado. Los resultados de internos en la Escala de Consciencia de Consejería Multicultural (MCAS:B; J. G. Ponterotto, C. M. Sanchez, & D. M. Magids, 1991) fueron obtenidos al principio y al final del entrenamiento. Al fin del entrenamiento los resultados de las technica/conocimientos aumentaron significamente. Consideraciones para el entrenamiento, la medición e investigación de las competencias de consejería multicultural son discutidas.
Cross‐Cultural Contact in Counseling Training
Authors: Díaz‐Lázaro Carlos M. , Cohen B. Beth
Published: December 2011

Cross‐cultural contact was found to be important in the development of multicultural counseling competencies (MCCs). The greater the prior cross‐cultural life experience, the higher were students' MCCs measured at the beginning of a multicultural counseling course. MCCs measured at the end of the course were significantly higher than MCCs measured at the beginning of the course. Theme analysis of students' journals suggested that cross‐cultural contact, a major component of the course, was important in MCCs's development.

Este estudio explora la relación entre el contacto intercultural y el desarrollo de competencias de consejería multicultural en un curso basado en este entrenamiento. El contacto intercultural resultó ser importante en el desarrollo de las Competencias de Consejería Multicultural (CCMs). Estudiantes con altos niveles de experiencias interculturales en sus vidas previas al curso, tuvieron altos resultados en las CCMs medidas al fin del curso. Las CCMs medidas al fin del curso fueron significativamente más altas que las CCMs medidas al principio del curso. Análisis de los temas en los diarios de los estudiantes sugiere que el contacto intercultural, un componente principal de este curso, fue importante en el desarrollo de las CCMs.
Using Counselor Training and Collaborative Programming Strategies in Working With International Students
Authors: Jacob Elizabeth J. , Greggo John W.
Published: December 2011

This article offers an overview of the adjustment concerns of international students in the United States and explores venues for inclusion of this population in multicultural training and counselor competency development opportunities for graduate students. Counselor educators need to provide awareness and knowledge about the issues faced by international students within graduate course work and training models. This will ensure that counselor trainees are competent within a multicultural framework to understand the unique issues of international students and respond by providing culturally sensitive counseling services and programming. A model of programming implemented at a private university that provided a training opportunity for counselors‐in‐training is highlighted. Considerations in designing collaborative programs are also discussed.

Este artículo da un resumen de las preocupaciones de ajustamiento de estudiantes intemacionales en los Estados Unidos y explora avenidas para incluir esta población en el entrenamiento y desarollo multicultural de estudiantes de consejería. Educadores de consejeros necesitan proveer consciencia e información sobre las situaciones enfrentadas por estudiantes intemacionales en el entrenamiento de estudiantes graduados. Esto asegurara la competencia multicultural de los estudiantes para que así entiendan las necesidades unicas de los estudiantes intemacionales y puedan proveer sensibilidad cultural en la consejería y programación de servicios. Este artículo describe un modelo de programación implementado en una universidad privada que entrenó a estudiantes de consejería. Además se discuten consideraciones para el diseño de programas colaborativos.
A Descriptive “Snapshot” of Cross‐Racial Supervision in University Counseling Center Internships
Authors: Duan Changming , Roehlke Helen
Published: December 2011

Results of a survey of cross‐racial supervision dyads at university counseling centers showed (a) supervisees were more sensitive to cultural/racial issues than were supervisors, (b) supervisors reported making more efforts to address cultural issues than supervisees perceived, and (c) satisfaction with supervision was related to supervisees' self‐disclosure and dyad members' perceived positive attitudes toward each other.

Resultados de una encuesta sobre duos de supervisión de diferentes razas en centros de consejería universitarios demostró lo siguiente (a) los supervisados fueron mas sensibles sobre temas culturales o raciales que los supervisores, (b) los supervisores reportaron haber hecho mas esfuerzo para tratar temas culturales que lo que fue percevido por los supervisados, y (c) la satisfaction en la supervisión estuvo relacionada con le nivel de auto‐revelación de los supervisados y la percepción de actitudes positivas hacia el otro.
Multicultural SuperVISION: A Paradigm of Cultural Responsiveness for Supervisors
Authors: Garrett Michael Tlanusta , Borders L. DiAnne , Crutchfield Lori B. , Torres‐Rivera Edil , Brotherton Dale , Curtis Russell
Published: December 2011

The need for cultural characteristics to be addressed in supervision is discussed as a way of dealing with both opportunities and obstacles that may exist. The VISION model of cultural responsiveness is described as a practical means of supervisors exploring multicultural issues in the supervisory relationship.

La necesidad de discutir las características culturales en la supervisión es presentada como una forma de tratar tanto con las oportunidades y los obstaculos que puedan existir. El modelo responsivo cultural VISION se describe como una forma practica para que supervisores exploren temas multiculturales en la relación de supervisión.
Psychological Nigrescence Revisited: Introduction and Overview
Authors: Vandiver Beverly J.
Published: December 2011

The author presents an overview of W. E. Cross's original (1971) and revised (1991) nigrescence theory in the context of developing a scale to measure the revised model. Also highlighted is the purpose of the other articles in the special issue of the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development.

El autor presenta una vista general de la teoría de nigrescence original (1971) y revisada (1991) de W. E. Cross en el contexto del desarrollo de una escala creada para medir el modelo revisado. También se repasan los propósitus de los otros artículos presentados en esta publicación especial de la Revista de Consejeria y Desarrollo Multicultural.
White Racism and Suboptimal Psychological Functioning Among White Americans: Implications for Counseling and Prejudice Prevention
Authors: Utsey Shawn O. , McCarthy Eileen , Eubanks Robin , Adrian Genaro
Published: December 2011

This study examined the causal relationships between anxiety, racism, and self‐esteem in a sample of White graduate and undergraduate students (N = 169). The results indicated that level of anxiety had a direct effect on anti‐Black attitudes, which, in turn, had a direct effect on self‐esteem. Implications for counseling interventions aimed at preventing prejudice among Whites are discussed.

Este estudio examinó las relaciones causales entre la ansiedad, el racismo, y el auto‐estima en un grupo de estudiantes graduados y estudiantes de bachillerato Blancos (N = 169). Los resultados indicaron que el nivel de ansiedad tuvo un efecto directo en las actitudes anti‐Negras, que en torno tuvo un efecto directo en el auto‐estima. Las implicaciones para las intervenciones de consejería dirigidas a prevenir el prejuicio entre los Blancos son discutidas.
Developing Multicultural Counseling Competencies in Undergraduate Students
Authors: Estrada Ana Ulloa , Durlak Joseph A. , Juarez Scott C.
Published: December 2011

The authors assessed the impact of training undergraduates in multicultural counseling competencies. When compared with a control group of students in a psychology of personality course (n = 20), repeated measures analyses of variance confirmed that multicultural counseling trainees (n = 21) significantly increased levels of multicultural counseling awareness and knowledge. As expected, there were no significant changes in either multicultural counseling skills or empathic responding.

Los autores evaluaron el impacto de educar a estudiantes universitarios sobre las competencias de consejería multicultural. Comparados con un grupo de control matriculado en un curso de psicología de la personalidad (n = 20), un análisis de variaeión de medidas repetidas confirmó que los niveles de consciencia y conocimiento de los estudiantes de consejería multicultural (n = 21) fueron significativamente aumentados. Como esperado, no se observaron cambios significativos en las habilidades de consejería multicultural ni en las reacciones empáticas.
A Comparison of Asian American, Caucasian American, and Chinese College Students: An Initial Report
Authors: Tang Mei
Published: December 2011

This study of Asian American, Caucasian American, and Chinese college students examined the relationship between participants' career choices and parental influence. The results showed that the Asian American and Chinese college students were more likely than were Caucasian American students to choose Investigative occupation types (J. L. Holland, 1985) and that their choices were more likely to be influenced by their family.

Este estudio de estudiantes universitarios Asiático Americanos, Caucásico Americanos, y Chinos examino la relación entre la elección de carrera de los participantes y la influencia de los padres. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes universitarios Asiático Americanos y Chinos fueron más probables a escojer los tipos de ocupación Investigativos (J. L. Holland, 1985) y a ser mas influenciados por su familia, que los estudiantes Caucásico Americanos.
Reconceptualizing White Racial Consciousness
Authors: LaFleur N. Kenneth , Rowe Wayne , Leach Mark M.
Published: December 2011

As a result of recent psychometric analyses, the conceptual model of White racial consciousness has been revised. A summary of the new conceptualization is presented along with a brief description of the Oklahoma Racial Attitudes Scale, which will replace the Oklahoma Racial Attitudes Scale‐Preliminary Form (S. K. Choney & J. T. Behrens, 1996).

Como resultado de análisis psicométricos recientes, el modelo conceptual de la Concienca Racial Bianca ha sido revisado. Un resumen de la nueva conceptualización se presenta junto con una descripción breve de la Escala Oklahoma de Actitudes Raciales, que reemplazará la Escala Oklahoma de Actitudes Raciales‐Forma Preliminar (S. K. Choney & J. T. Behrens, 1996).
A Revision of the Multicultural Counseling Awareness Scale
Authors: Ponterotto Joseph G. , Gretchen Denise , Utsey Shawn O. , Rieger Brian P. , Austin Richard
Published: December 2011

This article reports the results of 2 studies designed to test and revise the Multicultural Counseling Awareness Scale (J. G. Ponterotto et al., 1996). Collective results support the 2‐factor extraction (Knowledge and Awareness) as the best fit model and provide initial indices of validity and internal consistency reliability for the newly titled Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale.

Este artículo informa los resultados de 2 estudios diseñados para probar y revisar la Escala de Conciencia de Consejería Multicultural (J. G. Ponterotto et al., 1996). Los resultados colectivos sostienen la extracción de 2 factures (el Conocimiento y la Conciencia) como el mejor modelo y proporcionan los índices iniciales de validez y fiabilidad de la consistencia interna para la nuevamente titulada Escala de Conocimiento y Conciencia de Consejería Multicultural.
The Psychometric Properties of the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale in Asian Americans
Authors: Johnson Mona L. , Wall Tamara L. , Guanipa Carmen , Terry‐Guyer Linda , Velasquez Roberto J.
Published: December 2011

Reliability (internal consistency and test‐retest) and validity (construct and factorial) of the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale (OCIS; E. R. Oetting & F. Beauvais, 1990–1991) were evaluated in a sample of Asian American university students. Ethnic identification, measured using the OCIS, and acculturation, measured using the Suinn‐Lew Asian Self‐Identity Acculturation Scale (R. M. Suinn, K. Rickard‐Fugueroa, S. Lew, & P. Vigil, 1987), are hypothesized to measure related but separate constructs.

Análisis de fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal), y de validez (conceptual y factorial) de la Escala Ortagonal de Identificación Cultural (OCIS; E. R. Oetting & F. Beauvais, 1990–1991) fueron evaluados en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios Asiáticos Americanos. La identificación étnica fue medida usando la OCIS, y la aculturación fue medida usando la Escala de Identidad de Ser y Aculturación Asiática de Suinn‐Lew (R. M. Suinn, K. Rickard‐Figueroa, S. Lew, & P. Vigil, 1987). Se presenta la hipótesis que la identificación étnica y la aculturación miden conceptos separados que estan relacionados.
The Quick Discrimination Index: Normative Data and User Guidelines for Counseling Researchers
Authors: Ponterotto Joseph G. , Potere Jodi C. , Johansen Scott A.
Published: December 2011

This article summarizes normative data and psychometric evidence for scores on the Quick Discrimination Index (J. G. Ponterotto et al., 1995; S. O. Utsey & J. G. Ponterotto, 1999). Specific guidelines for counseling researchers and practitioners are provided.

Este artículo resume los datos normativos y evidencia psicométrica para resultados del Indice Rapido de la Discriminación (J. G. Ponterotto et al., 1995; S. O. Utsey & J. G. Ponterotto, 1999). Las normas específicas para investigadores y profesionales practicantes de la consejería son proporcionadas.
White Racial Identity Attitudes as a Predictor of Client Perceptions of Cross‐Cultural Working Alliances
Authors: Burkard Alan W. , Juarez‐Huffaker Michele , Ajmere Kativa
Published: December 2011

Racial identity has been theorized to significantly influence cross‐racial counseling relationships. In this study, the authors examined the influence of White racial identity on working alliance perceptions in a cross‐racial vicarious counseling analogue. A significant interaction effect was found between race of the counselor vignette and White racial identity attitudes.

Se ha teorizado que la identidad racial influye significativamente en las relaciones consejeras multirraciales. En esta investigación, los autores examinan la influencia de la identidad racial Blanca en las percepciones de alianza vigente en un equivalente vicario de la consejería multirracial. Se descubrió un efecto significante de interacción entre la raza del consejero y las actitudes raciales blancas.
First Annual Diversity Challenge: “How to Survive Teaching Courses on Race and Culture”
Authors: Helms Janet E. , Malone La Toya Shakes , Henze Kevin , Satiani Anmol , Perry Justin , Warren Anika
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss the highlights of the 1st annual Diversity Challenge held October 11–12, 2001, at Boston College, Boston, MA. The Challenge's general focus was preparing educators to cope with the resistances encountered when they teach about race and ethnic culture. This introduction (a) provides an overview of the proceedings, (b) summarizes themes of presentations and articles selected, and (c) offers recommendations for subsequent events.

Los autores analizan el primer Reto de Diversidad, que tuvo lugar del 11 al 12 de octubre, 2001, en Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts. El próposito del reto fue preparar a los profesores para que puedan enfrentar las dificultades que resultan de enseñar los temas de la raza y la cultura étnica. Esta introducción (a) da un breve resumen de los procedimientos, (b) resume los temas de las presentaciones y los ensayos seleccionados, y, (c) sugiere recommendaciones para eventos posteriores.
Talking Circles: A Native American Approach to Experiential Learning
Authors: Wolf Paulette Running , Rickard Julie A.
Published: December 2011

Talking circles, as a unique instructional approach, can be used to stimulate multicultural awareness while fostering respect for individual differences and facilitating group cohesion. A brief history of the talking circle is followed by detailed instructions, talking circle process questions, ideas for classroom discussion after the activity, and teaching strategies.

Círculos de conversación, como un método singular de pedagogía, se puede utilizar para estimular consciencia multicultural, mientras a la vez promueve el respeto para las diferencias individuales, y facilita cohesión grupal. Le sigue a una breve historia del círculo de conversación unas instrucciones detalladas, preguntas para procesar el círculo, ideas para discusión en clase despues de la actividad, y estrategias pedagógicas.
Christian Privilege: Breaking a Sacred Taboo
Authors: Schlosser Lewis Z.
Published: December 2011

The author discusses the concept of privilege in terms of the benefits enjoyed by Whites and men (P. McIntosh, 1998). This article presents a new theoretical perspective focusing on religious privilege and includes a list of privileges that are enjoyed by members of the dominant religious group (i.e., Christians) in the United States.

El autor discute el concepto del privilegio en cuanto a los beneficios que disfrutan los Blancos y los hombres (P. McIntosh, 1998). Este artículo presenta una nueva perspectiva teorética que enfoca al privilegio religioso e incluye una lista de privilegios que disfrutan miembros del grupo religioso dominante de los Estados Unidos, los cristianos.
Critical Issues in Cross‐Cultural Counseling Research: Case Example of an Ongoing Project
Authors: Tsang A. Ka Tat , Bogo Marion , George Usha
Published: December 2011

Cross‐cultural counseling practice is characterized by a proliferation of opinions without empirical substantiation. Most research in this area is based on survey or analog studies that do not address practice issues in terms of outcome or actual clinical process. The authors examine issues in cross‐cultural counseling and research, using illustrations from an ongoing study.

El consejo intercultural se caracteriza por medio de la generación de opiniones proliferas sin justificación empírica. Muchos estudios en este campo se basan en encuestas or estudios analógicos que no se dirigen a las cuestiones de la práctica, en cuanto a los resultados o al verdadero proceso clínico. Los autores examinan temas en las investigaciones del consejo intercultural, utilizando ejemplos de un proyecto actual.
Contributions of Multicultural Counseling to Counselor Competence With Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients
Authors: Israel Tania , Selvidge Mary M. D.
Published: December 2011

This article outlines the contributions of multicultural counseling to 3 areas of counselor competence with lesbian, gay male, and bisexual male and female (LGB) clients: conceptualization of competence, counselor education, and assessment of counselor competence. The authors describe the foundations of multicultural counseling and extend the concepts to counselor competence with LGB clients.

Este artículo resume las contribuciones de la consejería multicultural a tres campos de habilidad consejera con clientes homosexuales y hombres y mujeres bisexuales: la conceptualización de la competencia, educación del consejero, y evaluación de competencia para consejería. Los autores describen los fundamentos de la consejería multicultural y extienden estos conceptos a la competencia consejera con clientes homosexuales, lesbianas, y bisexuales.
Beyond Knowledge and Awareness: Enhancing Counselor Skills for Work With Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Clients
Authors: Kocarek Catherine E. , Pelling Nadine J.
Published: December 2011

Whereas multicultural advances in the area of gay, lesbian, and bisexual issues have been made for increased knowledge and awareness, little development has been made regarding counselor skill building. This article outlines a model of training using role‐playing to enhance counselor skill when working with gay male, lesbian, and bisexual male and female clients.

Mientras que avances multiculturales en el campo de cuestiones homosexuales, lesbianas y bisexuales han resultado en un aumento en el conocimiento y la conciencia, poco desarrollo ha resultado en cuanto a la habilitación de consejeros. Este artículo traza las líneas generales de un modelo de entrenamiento que utiliza el juego de roles para mejorar las tácticas del consejero cuando trabaja con clientes homosexuales, lesbianas, y bisexuales.
Counselors as Advocates for Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth: A Call for Equity and Action
Authors: Stone Carolyn B.
Published: December 2011

Legal support for advocacy on behalf of gay male, lesbian, and bisexual male and female students was determined in a May 1999 Supreme Court ruling. This ruling, coupled with recent interpretations of the Title IX statute, strengthens the position for a more humanistic school environment. Recommendations for school counselors are included in this article.

Apoyo legal para la abogacía en nombre de estudiantes homosexuales, lesbianas y bisexuales se determino en una decisión de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos en Mayo de 1999. Esta decisión, en conjunto con interpretaciones recientes del estatuto “Title IX,” intensifica la postura que pide un ambiente más humanístico en las escuelas. Recomendaciones para consejeros escolares se incluyen en este artículo.
Ethical Dilemmas in Multicultural Counseling
Authors: Sadeghi Maria , Fischer Jerome M. , House Sean G.
Published: December 2011

In a random survey of counselors working with socioracial minority clients (N = 256), multicultural ethical dilemmas were rated according to frequency encountered and significance. Comparisons of counselors' ratings of multicultural ethical dilemmas determined specific dilemmas relevant to counselors in various professional settings.

En una encuesta hecha al azar de consejeros/as que trabajan con clientes de minorías socioraciales (N = 256), se clasificaron dilemas éticos multiculturales de acuderdo con su frecuencia y significancia. Las comparaciones de las clasificaciones de los dilemas éticos multiculturales subrayaron aquellos dilemas específicamente importantes para consejeros/as en varios escenarios profesionales.
The Relationship Between Racism and Racial Identity for White Americans: A Profile Analysis
Authors: Carter Robert T. , Helms Janet E. , Juby Heather L.
Published: December 2011

This investigation examined how racial identity profiles, using J. E. Helms's (1996) profile scoring procedure, were related to racist attitudes. One finding showed that participants with an undifferentiated or flat profile scored significantly higher in racist attitudes than participants with other racial identity profiles. Implications for counseling practice and research are discussed.

Esta investigación examina cómo los perfiles de identidad racial se relacionan con las actitudes racistas, utilizando el procedimiento de evaluar perfiles de J. E. Helms (1996). Un resultado encontró que los participantes con un perfil piano o no‐diferenciado obtuvieron mejores resultados en las actitudes raciales que los participantes con otros perfiles de identidad racial. Se evalúan también las consecuencias para la práctica de consejería y las investigaciones.
The Reliability and Validity of Big Five Inventory Scores With African American College Students
Authors: Worrell Frank C. , Cross William E.
Published: December 2011

The reliability and validity of scores on the Big Five Inventory (BFI; O. P. John, E. M. Donahue, & R. L. Kentle, 1991) were examined in a sample of 336 African American college students. Results indicated moderate reliability and structural validity for BFI scores. Additionally, BFI subscales had few meaningful correlations with self‐esteem and social desirability.

La fiabilidad y la validez de los resultados del Inventario “Big Five” (BFI; O. P. John, E. M. Donahue, y R. L. Kentle, 1991) se examinan en una muestra de 336 estudiantes universitarios afro‐americanos. Los resultados indican una fiabilidad moderada y una validez estructural para los resultados del BFI. Adicionalmente, las subescalas del BFI tuvieron pocas correlaciones importantes con el auto‐estima y el deseo social.
Critical Issues of Literature on Counseling International Students
Authors: Yoon Eunju , Portman Tarrell Awe Agahe
Published: December 2011

A review of the American professional counseling literature brings to light 5 patterns concerning research related to counseling international students. Emergent themes include universal vs. subgroup characteristics, environmental vs. personal factors, developmental vs. pathological perspectives, counseling goals, and methodological problems. Suggestions for future research and practice are provided.

En un repaso de la literatura profesional de consejeria americana salen a relucir cinco modelos que tratan la consejeria de estudiantes intemacionales. Algunos temas que resaltan: las características universales en oposición a las sub‐grupales; los factores medioambientales en oposición a los personates; las perspectivas de desarrollo en oposición a las de patología; las metas de consejería; y los problemas metodológicos. Se hacen sugerencias para investigaciones y prácticas futuras.
Pilipino American Identity Development Model
Authors: Nadal Kevin L.
Published: December 2011

This article examines the identity development of F/Pilipino Americans. Because of a distinct history and culture that differentiates them from other Asian groups, F/Pilipino Americans may experience a different ethnic identity development than other Asian Americans. A nonlinear 6‐stage ethnic identity development model is proposed to promote proper therapeutic treatment.

Este artículo examina el desarrollo de la identidad de los f/filipino‐americanos. Debido a una historia y una cultura distinta que los hace diferenciar de otros grupos asiáticos, los f/filipino‐americanos pueden experimentar un desarrollo de identidad étnica distinto al de otros grupos asiático‐americanos. Se propone un modelo de desarrollo de identidad étnica no‐lineal de seis etapas, para promover el tratamiento terapéutico apropiado.
Critical Incidents in Multicultural Supervision: Exploring Supervisees' and Supervisors' Experiences
Authors: Toporek Rebecca L. , Ortega‐Villalobos Lideth , Pope‐Davis Donald B.
Published: December 2011

Reports of supervisors' and supervisees' critical incidents in multicultural supervision were used to (a) explore events in supervision that influenced supervisees' multicultural competence, (b) explore how supervision was experienced differently by supervisors and supervisees, and (c) identify recommendations for improving multicultural supervision. Implications for training and research are discussed.

Los reportes de incidentes críticos en la supervisión multicultural fueron utilizados para (a) explorar los acontecimientos en la supervisión que influyeron la competencia multicultural de los supervisados (b) explorar cómo la supervisión fue experimentada diferentemente por los supervisores y los supervisados e (c) identificar recomendaciones para mejorar la supervisión multicultural. Se discuten las implicaciones para la instrucción e investigación en esta area.
A New Framework to Understand Social Class in Counseling: The Social Class Worldview Model and Modern Classism Theory
Authors: Liu William Ming , Soleck Geoffrey , Hopps Joshua , Dunston Kwesi , Pickett Theodore
Published: December 2011

Because social class and classism remain elusive constructs in psychology, this 2‐part article first lays the foundation for the Social Class Worldview Model and then the Modern Classism Theory. A case example is used for illustration. The authors also provide counseling applications and recommendations for future research.

Debido a que la clase social y el clasismo continuan siendo unos conceptos evasivos en la psicología, este artículo de 2 partes establece una fundación para el Modelo de Cosmovisión de Clase Social y la Teoría Moderna del Clasismo. Se utiliza un caso de ejemplo para su ilustración. Los autores también proporcionan aplicaciones para la consejería y recomendaciones para investigaciónes futuras.
Child Survivor of War: A Case Study
Authors: Roysircar Gargi
Published: December 2011

The history of a Bosnian survivor of war living in the U. S. is examined using the extended case method. Clinical issues related to acculturative stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, and identity are analyzed. Suggested treatment includes existential therapy and its cognitive‐behavioral applications, didactic education on trauma, client screening, and treatment effectiveness.

La historia de un sobreviente bosnio de guerra en los EE.UU. se examina utilzando el prolongado metodo del caso. El tema clinico relacionado a estrés de asimilación, de trastorno de estrés postraumatíco, y la identidad se analiza. El tratamiento sugerido incluye la terapia existencial y sus applicaciones de conducta cognitiva, la educacion didáctica en el trauma, en la investigación de cliente, y en la eficacia del tratamiento.
The Immersion Experience in Multicultural Counselor Training: Confronting Covert Racism
Authors: De Ricco Judith Nihill , Sciarra Daniel T.
Published: December 2011

This article reports on and discusses the use of the immersion experience in a multicultural counseling course as a means of confronting unacknowledged racism on the part of White students. An abbreviated version of weekly journal entries from an immersion experience is presented, and the racial identity challenges faced are discussed.

Este artículo informa en y discute el uso de la experiencia de la inmersión en un curso multicultural que aconseja para confrontar el racismo no reconocido en la parte de estudiantes Blancos. Una versión abreviada de entradas semanales de diario de una experiencia de la inmersión se presenta, y los desafiós raciales de la identidad encarados se discuten.