bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting consumers' intentions to purchase eco-friendly athletic wear in a moderated model of individual green values and gender
Authors: Channa Nisar Ahmed , Tariq Beenish , Samo Altaf Hussain , Ghumro Niaz Hussain , Qureshi Naveed Akhtar
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Using three theoretical lenses − organismic integration theory (OIT), theory of values-belief-norm (VBN) and gender schema theory (GST) − this study aims to examine the effect of environmental factors (environmental attitude, environmental concerns, perceived environmental responsibility and peer influence) on consumers' intentions to purchase eco-friendly athletic wear.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of n = 380 Pakistani consumers was used to test hypothesized relationships. Data were analyzed through the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique using SmartPLS version 3.3.3.

Findings

Findings suggest that environmental attitude, environmental concerns, perceived environmental responsibility and peer influence are positively associated with green purchase behavior. The moderating effects of individual green values were found statistically significant between peer influence and green purchase behavior. The data further revealed that the effect of environmental attitude, environmental concerns, peer influence and perceived environmental responsibility on green purchase behavior varies across the gender.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first attempts to explore the effect of environmental motivational factors on consumers' intentions to purchase eco-friendly athletic wear using theories of OIT, VBN and GST. This study employs advanced analytical methods to perform multi-group analysis and establish the predictive relevance of the model, using PLS-SEM in sports management and marketing context.
Which formula for corporate risk-taking around the world? Exploring happiness as the “black box”
Authors: Tran Thao Phuong , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This paper examines how the degree of happiness affects corporate risk-taking and the moderating influence of family ownership of firms on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use an international sample of 17,654 firm-year observations from 24 countries around the world from 2008 to 2016.

Findings

Using the happiness index from the World Happiness Report developed by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, the authors show that a country's overall happiness is negatively correlated with risk-taking behavior by firms. The findings are robust to an alternative measure of risk-taking by firms. Further analyses document that the negative influence of happiness on firm risk-taking is more pronounced for family-owned firms.

Practical implications

The paper is consistent with the notion that happier people are likely to be more risk-averse in making financial decisions, which, in turn, reduces corporate risk-taking.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the broad literature on the determinants of corporate risk-taking and the growing literature on the role of sentiment on investment decisions. The authors contribute to the current debate about family-owned firms by demonstrating that the presence of family trust strengthens the negative influence of happiness on corporate risk-taking, a topic that has been unexplored in previous studies.
Hotel revenue management forecasting accuracy: the hidden impact of booking windows
Authors: Webb Timothy , Schwartz Zvi , Xiang Zheng , Altin Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The pace of booking is a critical element in the accuracy of revenue management (RM) systems. Anecdotal evidence suggests that booking windows exhibit persistent shifts due to a variety of macro and micro factors. The article outlines several causes and tests the impact of the shifts on forecasting accuracy.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel methodological approach is utilized to empirically shift hotel reservation windows into smaller increments. Forecasts are then estimated and tested on the incremental shifts with popular RM techniques characteristic of advance booking data. A random effects model assesses the impact of the shifts on forecast accuracy.

Findings

The results show that shifts in booking behavior can cause the accuracy of forecasting models to deteriorate. The findings stress the importance of considering these shifts in model estimation and evaluation.

Practical implications

The results demonstrate that changes in booking behavior can be detrimental to the accuracy of RM forecasting algorithms. It is recommended that revenue managers monitor booking window shifts when forecasting with advanced booking data.

Originality/value

This study is the first to systematically assess the impact of booking window shifts on forecasting accuracy. The demonstrated approach can be implemented in future research to assess model accuracy as booking behavior changes.
High involvement work practices often lead to burnout, but thanks to humble leadership
Authors: Afshan Gul , Kashif Muhammad , Khanum Firdous , Khuhro Mansoor Ahmed , Akram Umair
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Based on the conservation of resources theory, this study aims to investigate high involvement work practices (HIWP) as an antecedent to burnout with a mediating role of perceived work–family (WF) imbalance. Moreover, this study examines whether humble leadership moderates the relationship between HIWP and WF imbalance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a time-lagged survey approach, data are collected from 200 employees working in the Indian services sector organizations.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that HIWP has a direct negative effect on burnout and an indirect effect via WF imbalance. Also, humble leadership moderates the relationship between HIWP and WF imbalance.

Originality/value

By studying the pessimistic view of HIWP in the Indian context, this study contributes to the scant studies available on its effect on burnout in collectivistic societies. Furthermore, humble leadership's moderating role in the relationship between HIWP and WF imbalance is unique to this study.
Race and the NFL: Teaching the Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test
Authors: Foster Craig A.
Published: September 2021

Guest lecturer: Craig A. Foster, professor in the Psychology Department at SUNY Cortland
Who was the Best Friend?
Authors: Basner Mathias
Published: September 2021

A quantitative analysis of the TV series Friends, by Mathias Basner
Tolerability and efficacy of IMpower133 regimen modified for dialysis patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer: Two case reports
Authors: Watari Naokazu , Yamaguchi Kakuhiro , Masuda Takeshi , Ito Noriaki , Sakamoto Shinjiro , Horimasu Yasushi , Miyamoto Shintaro , Nakashima Taku , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Fujitaka Kazunori , Hamada Hironobu , Hattori Noboru
Published: September 2021

The IMpower133 regimen, composed of atezolizumab/etoposide (VP‐16)/carboplatin (CBDCA), is the standard first‐line treatment for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). However, the safety and efficacy of triplet therapy in patients receiving dialysis have not been sufficiently evaluated. Here, we report two cases of dialysis patients with ES‐SCLC who received the modified IMpower133 regimen. Patient 1 was a 69‐year‐old man, and patient 2 was a 73‐year‐old man who received dialysis because of end‐stage renal failure caused by diabetic nephropathy. Both patients received a modified IMpower133 regimen in the following order: atezolizumab (1200 mg/body) on day 1, VP‐16 (50 mg/m2) on days 1 and 3, and CBDCA (300 mg/m2) on day 1. Four hours of dialysis was performed 1 hour after completing the administration of CBDCA on Day 1 and 2 hours after completing the administration of VP‐16 on Day 3. Both patients achieved a partial response and received atezolizumab maintenance therapy after four cycles of triplet therapy without uncontrollable adverse events. By modifying the dosage, the order of drugs, and the timing of dialysis, the IMpower133 regimen may be tolerable and effective for patients receiving dialysis.
Using Mendelian randomization to explore the gateway hypothesis: possible causal effects of smoking initiation and alcohol consumption on substance use outcomes
Authors: Reed Zoe E. , Wootton Robyn E. , Munafò Marcus R.
Published: September 2021

Background and Aims

Initial use of drugs such as tobacco and alcohol may lead to subsequent more problematic drug use—the ‘gateway’ hypothesis. However, observed associations may be due to a shared underlying risk factor, such as trait impulsivity. We used bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to test the gateway hypothesis.

Design

Our main method was inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) MR, with other methods included as sensitivity analyses (where consistent results across methods would raise confidence in our primary results). MR is a genetic instrumental variable approach used to support stronger causal inference in observational studies.

Setting and participants

Genome‐wide association summary data among European ancestry individuals for smoking initiation, alcoholic drinks per week, cannabis use and dependence, cocaine and opioid dependence (n = 1749–1 232 091).

Measurements

Genetic variants for exposure.

Findings

We found evidence of causal effects from smoking initiation to increased drinks per week [(IVW): β = 0.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03–0.09; P = 9.44 × 10−06], cannabis use [IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.24–1.44; P = 1.95 × 10−14] and cannabis dependence (IVW: OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.12–2.51; P = 0.01). We also found evidence of an effect of cannabis use on the increased likelihood of smoking initiation (IVW: OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.08–1.80; P = 0.01). We did not find evidence of an effect of drinks per week on other substance use outcomes, except weak evidence of an effect on cannabis use (IVW: OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.16–1.93; P‐value = 0.35). We found weak evidence of an effect of opioid dependence on increased drinks per week (IVW: β = 0.002; 95% CI = 0.0005–0.003; P = 8.61 × 10−03).

Conclusions

Bidirectional Mendelian randomization testing of the gateway hypothesis reveals that smoking initiation may lead to increased alcohol consumption, cannabis use and cannabis dependence. Cannabis use may also lead to smoking initiation and opioid dependence to alcohol consumption. However, given that tobacco and alcohol use typically begin before other drug use, these results may reflect a shared risk factor or a bidirectional effect for cannabis use and opioid dependence.
Bud structure and development in trees of a neotropical savanna differing by leaf persistence
Authors: Melo Nayara Magry Jesus , Prado Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis , Branco Denilson Rodrigo Vieira , Souza João Paulo
Published: September 2021

The climatic seasonality affects markedly plant organs' development in the neotropical savannas. Essential understandings about bud structure and its development in deciduous, semi‐deciduous and evergreen trees are unknown in Cerrado vegetation, the largest neotropical savanna. We aimed to determine the bud development, structure and the relationship between budburst and dry and wet seasons for 15 tree species distributed in leaf phenological groups. We labelled five buds in each of the five adult individuals in tree species of each phenological group at the dry season's peak in July 2016. The labelled buds were monitored every week since their opening up to branch development and leaf production in April 2017. Another group of buds was collected at the dry–wet season transition to determine the bud structure. Deciduous tree species showed preformed leaves in buds, the evergreen trees had neoformed leaves, and semi‐deciduous trees had buds with preformed and neoformed leaves. Cataphylls were protecting the buds in all deciduous trees and the semi‐deciduous species Eriotheca gracilipes. Budburst in the deciduous species and semi‐deciduous except for Guapira noxia and Xylopia aromatica occurred at the dry season's peak. In the evergreen trees, buds developed only after the wet season start. While deciduous and evergreen tree species presented different bud structures and development, the semi‐deciduous trees shared the bud traits with phenological groups. We captured distinct growth strategies in groups of trees according to leaf persistence and bud structural and developmental traits.
The alcohol marker phosphatidylethanol is closely related to AST, GGT, ferritin and HDL‐C
Authors: Høiseth Gudrun , Hilberg Thor , Trydal Torleif , Husa Asgeir , Vindenes Vigdis , Bogstrand Stig Tore
Published: September 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative relation between common clinical chemical analyses and ethanol use, measured by a combination of the two alcohol markers phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT).

Methods

Results of PEth and CDT in whole blood and serum, respectively, were included, together with information on 10 different commonly measured clinical chemical analytes, as well as age and sex. PEth was analysed by UPC2‐MS/MS and CDT was measured by capillary electrophoresis.

Results

Samples from 4873 patients were included. The strongest relation to alcohol consumption as measured by PEth, when correcting for age and sex, was found for HDL‐C (standardized β = 0.472, p < 0.001), AST (standardized β = 0.372, p < 0.001), ferritin (standardized β = 0.332, p < 0.001) and GGT (standardized β = 0.325, p < 0.001). The relation to PEth was weak for total cholesterol, TG and ALP. No relation was found for Hb and LDL‐C.

Conclusions

When using PEth as a marker for alcohol consumption, this study demonstrated the quantitative relation to commonly used test as AST or GGT, but also an important relation to ferritin or HDL‐C. In clinical practice, elevated levels of these clinical chemical analytes should initiate further work‐up on possibly harmful alcohol use.
Supervisory capability of supervisor board, incentives to supervisor board, and stock price crash risk
Authors: Yin Haiyuan , Chen Baifan , Wang Xiaoxiao
Published: September 2021

We analyzed the impact of the supervisory capability of the supervisory board and the incentive to the supervisory board on stock price crash risk. We found that the exercise quality of the members of the supervisory board will affect stock price crash risk. The improvement of their education degree can inhibit the risk of the stock price crash, and there is a negative correlation between the average age of the members and stock price crash risk. In terms of supervision incentives, the higher the shareholding ratio of the supervisory board and the higher the proportion of unpaid supervisors, the lower the stock price crash risk.
MicroRNA‐33b replacement effect on growth and migration inhibition in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Liu Jin , Wang Weiming , Chen Limin , Li Yachai , Zhao Shuimiao , Liang Yijuan
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Ovarian cancer is a devastating gynecological disease which is considered the major cause of cancer fatality around the world. The down‐regulation of microRNA‐33b (miR‐33b) was reported in some malignancies. Hence, we transfected the miR‐33b mimic into SKOV3 cells and evaluated the impacts of this interference on the growth and migration repression of these tumor cells as well as on targeted genes expression.

Methods

In our study, transfecting the miR‐33b mimic and inhibitor, negative control (NC), and NC inhibitor were established using Lipofectamine 2000. The cytotoxic effects of miR‐33b were evaluated by MTT. To assess the miR‐33b effects on cell migration, a scratching test was applied. The expression levels of miR‐33b, ADAMTS, C‐Myc, MMP9, K‐Ras, and CXCR4 were evaluated using qRT‐PCR.

Results

These findings indicate that transfection of miR‐143 mimic had no marked effects on the SKOV3 cell line. As expected, miR‐33b relative expression levels were as follows: miR‐33b mimic >NC and NC inhibitor >miR‐33b inhibitor (p < 0.01). Moreover, transfected miR‐33b mimic could suppress SKOV3 cells’ proliferation, whereas transfected miR‐33b inhibitor could promote cell proliferation (p < 0.01). MiR‐33b overexpression significantly down‐regulated the MMP9, CXCR‐4, c‐Myc, ADAMTS, and K‐Ras mRNA levels (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

As expected, these results confirm the tumor‐suppressive effect of miR‐33b in the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line by reducing cell survival, proliferation, and migration.
Evaluating and reflecting on coproduction of protected area management plans
Authors: Roux Dirk J. , Nel Jeanne L. , Freitag Stefanie , Novellie Peter , Rosenberg Eureta
Published: September 2021

Protected areas are complex social‐ecological systems, hence their management should be guided by engagement and co‐learning with diverse stakeholders. The challenge of effective stakeholder participation has generated a body of literature on the design and facilitation of coproduction processes. In this study, we used this literature to develop a principle‐based framework for assessing coproduction. We then applied this framework to evaluate how well “adaptive planning” (a sub‐process of adaptive management used for visioning and objective setting with stakeholders), as applied to the Garden Route National Park in South Africa, aligned with the ideals of coproduction. Our analysis revealed shortcomings in the adaptive planning process, which could be improved through broadening the agenda beyond the mandate and control of national parks, empowering collective agency among a wider stakeholder network, and embedding co‐learning with stakeholders as an ongoing journey. A significant finding was that adaptive management does not align well with the ideals of coproduction, which may be better supported by an adaptive co‐management approach. The latter is particularly necessary in complex national parks that are diverse in terms of both ecosystems and stakeholders, and where governance may be contested.
Is the incision type important for the development of hernia in liver transplant patients?
Authors: Zarbaliyev Elbrus , Sevmiş Murat , Kilercik Hakan , Çelik Sebahattin , Aktaş Sema , Çağlıkülekçi Mehmet , Sevmiş Şinasi
Published: September 2021

Objective

In this study, we aimed to investigate the rates and causes of incisional hernia that developed in the postoperative follow‐up of patients who underwent liver transplantation.

Material and method

The results of patients who underwent LT by using three different incisions at the İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital organ transplant center between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into Chevron (group‐1), reverse T (group‐2), and J incisions (group‐3) and hernia development rates were examined.

Results

There was no significant difference in terms of incisional hernia in groups 1 and 2 according to the incision type (p = .723). Incisional hernia rate was significantly lower in the J incision group (p < .001). When the factors that increase the development of hernia in all LT patients were examined, it was seen that male gender (p = .021), high BMI rate (p = .003), postoperative bleeding (p = .018), and wound infection (p = .039) caused a significant increase in risk.

Conclusion

The incision, which is made during liver transplant, is important for the development of hernia. The J incision has a low hernia development rate without causing access problems. Regardless of the incision, high BMI index, male gender, postoperative bleeding, and wound infection increase the development of incisional hernia in liver transplant patients.
Combining expert‐based and computational approaches to design protected river networks under climate change
Authors: Floury Mathieu , Pollock Laura J. , Buisson Laëtitia , Thuiller Wilfried , Chandesris André , Souchon Yves
Published: September 2021

Aim

Estimate the current and future distribution of brown trout and identify priority areas for conservation of the species.

Location

Rhône River basin and Mediterranean streams.

Methods

We first developed a spatially explicit species distribution model to estimate the current and future distribution of brown trout for three time horizons (2030, 2055 and 2080) and two climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We then performed a prioritization analysis to identify priority areas for brown trout conservation, accounting for: (a) spatial dependencies along the riverine system, (b) several sources of uncertainty arising from climate‐related forecasts and (c) different protected area scenarios by comparing hypothetical, optimal protected networks to an actual protected network designed by regional fish experts.

Results

Future projections of brown trout densities exhibited a general trend towards a gradual range contraction, with a significant risk of extirpation across mountainous regions of low to mid‐elevation. Overall, the projected current and future distributions were well‐covered by the existing protected network. In addition, up to 70% of the river reaches included in this expert‐based protection network were also priorities in the optimal priority set (e.g. the best set of areas to maximize biodiversity protection). Finally, a large proportion of these reaches were invariably identified regardless of climate change scenarios and uncertainties or spatial dependencies.

Main conclusions

Our analytical approach highlighted priority areas for brown trout conservation which were robust to a set of climate and connectivity assumptions. This core priority network could be further refined by taking into account key fine‐scale processes like thermal refugia. Therefore, we advocate for combining computational and expert‐based approaches in conservation planning of riverine ecosystems to achieve a relevant consensus between regional‐scale management and fine‐grain ecological knowledge.
Efficacy and safety of antiseizure medication for Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Lanlan , Wang Juan , Wang Chengzhong
Published: September 2021

Aim

To compare and rank the efficacy and safety of antiseizure medication (ASM) in patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS).

Method

We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of ASM for LGS compared with placebo or with each other. The efficacy and safety were reported in terms of an at least 50% monthly seizure frequency reduction in drop seizures, dropout, and serious adverse events. Outcomes were ranked according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).

Results

A total of eight RCTs with 1171 patients were included, involving six ASMs: lamotrigine, rufinamide, cannabidiol, topiramate, clobazam, and felbamate. The calculated SUCRA showed that rufinamide, cannabidiol, and topiramate had the highest probability of achieving a response; however, no significant differences were found among these treatments. Cannabidiol, topiramate, and rufinamide were more likely to result in dropouts; moreover, a significantly greater percentage of patients receiving cannabidiol experienced premature discontinuation as compared to placebo, clobazam, and lamotrigine.

Interpretation

All ASMs showed a significantly higher response rate than placebo. SUCRA ranking demonstrated that rufinamide and cannabidiol are more efficacious than other treatments in reducing drop seizures. However, there was no significant difference between these treatments.
Is automatic enrollment consistent with a life cycle model?
Authors: Scott Jason S. , Shoven John B. , Slavov Sita N. , Watson John G.
Published: September 2021

We examine retirement saving for young adults in a life cycle model. We find that optimal retirement saving is zero for liquidity‐constrained young adults who anticipate significant earnings growth. With a plausible age‐earnings profile for college‐educated workers, retirement saving does not begin until the late 30s or early 40s. Workers facing a flat earnings profile begin saving much sooner. Participating may be optimal for younger workers facing steep earnings profiles if they anticipate switching jobs and cashing out after 1–2 years. Our results suggest that automatically enrolling workers, regardless of age, is not consistent with a life cycle model.
Cryptic local adaptation of the herbivorous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna pustulosa in the ability to use the thistle Cirsium boreale
Authors: Fujiyama Naoyuki , Kawasaki Jun‐ichi , Katakura Haruo
Published: September 2021

Local adaptation to different host plants is important in the diversification of phytophagous insects. Thus far, much evidence of the local adaptation of insects with respect to host use at the physiological level has been gathered from systems involving less mobile insects and/or divergent hosts such as plants belonging to different families or genera. On the other hand, the prevalence of such local adaptation of insects with moderate or high dispersal ability to the intraspecific variation of herbaceous hosts is largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the occurrence and degree of local adaptation of the herbivorous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna pustulosa (Kôno) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to its primary host, the thistle Cirsium boreale Kitam. (Asteraceae), through reciprocal laboratory experiments using beetles and thistles from three locations with a range of approximately 200 km. Concerning the larval developmental ability, obvious patterns of local adaptation to the thistles from respective natal locations were detected, at least in some combinations of beetle populations. Similar tendencies were detected concerning adult feeding acceptance, although the statistical support was somewhat obscure. Overall, our results indicate that the degree of local adaptation of insect species with moderate dispersal ability to conspecific herbaceous hosts is occasionally as strong as that involving less mobile insects and/or heterospecific hosts, indicating the potential of such cryptic local adaptation to promote ecological/genetic differentiation of phytophagous insect populations.
Sustainable development goals in the English language high school curriculum in Turkey
Authors: Arslan Sezen , Curle Samantha
Published: September 2021

The study on which this article reports examined the representation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the English language syllabus and English language senior high‐school textbooks in Turkey. The learning objectives associated with the SDGs were also investigated. The syllabus and the textbooks including Teenwise, High School English 10, Silver Lining and Count Me In were examined. Semi‐structured interviews were also conducted with eleven high‐school English teachers to gain further insight into the place for SDGs and their related learning objectives in the English language high school curriculum. We found that the syllabus has a low frequency of engagement with SDGs. Also, that there is a tendency in the textbooks to include the theme of health that is related to the SDG of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). The learning objectives set for ESD were mostly cognitive‐oriented. Interviews revealed that teachers favour the incorporation of a variety of SDGs in textbooks. They believe that prioritising sustainability in textbooks can help secure a more sustainable future for learners. Implications of this for pedagogy include, among other, that extending teaching and learning activities to activate socio‐emotional and behavioural development would benefit learners and would allow for a more balanced engagement with SDGs in English language teaching.
Use of venography including the dorsal 60° proximal‐palmaro‐/plantaro‐distal oblique to improve the evaluation of nonlaminitic digital disease of the horse
Authors: Trolinger‐Meadows K. , Morton A. , McCarrel T. , Porter E. , Dryden V.
Published: September 2021

Background

Many common nonlaminitic conditions of the equine digit can be diagnosed radiographically, although vascular disturbance cannot be evaluated without use of contrast venography. Digital venography is commonly used to assess vascular disturbance in horses with laminitis. Routine venography projections include the lateromedial (LM) and dorsopalmar/dorsoplantar (DP) projections, although these do not provide complete assessment of the digital vasculature.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe digital venography as a diagnostic tool for nonlaminitic disease of the digit of horses including the dorsal 60° proximal‐palmaro‐/plantaro‐distal oblique (60° DP) in addition to the standard LM and DP projections.

Study design

Retrospective descriptive case series.

Methods

Medical records were reviewed to identify patients with nonlaminitic disease that had digital venography including LM, DP and 60° DP projections. Horses free of disease of the digit were utilised for comparison. Images were reviewed, and presence or absence of radiographic and venographic abnormalities was determined individually.

Results

Venography revealed vascular abnormalities in horses with digital keratoma, complex digital abscessation and simple digital abscessation. The inclusion of the 60° DP projection allowed for better determination of the location and extent of vascular disturbance of the distal phalanx.

Main limitations

Limitations of the study include the small sample size and retrospective nature, as well as lack of literature describing vascular disturbances in nonlaminitic processes.

Conclusions

Digital venography can be considered for evaluation of submural disease of the digit of horses. For more complete assessment of the distal phalangeal vasculature, the 60° DP projection should be included in all digital venographic studies.
Descriptive analysis of bleeding symptoms in haemophilia carriers enrolled in the ATHNdataset
Authors: Puetz John , Cheng Dunlei
Published: September 2021

Background

Several studies have reported that haemophilia carriers have a bleeding tendency independent of factor activity. However, investigations have been fraught with methodological concerns. The ATHNdataset houses the largest data set of haemophilia carriers in the world. We undertook an analysis of haemophilia carriers in this data set using methodologies that characterize bleeding symptoms in carriers.

Aim

Determine the proportion of haemophilia carriers who have a normal bleeding score (BLS) and factors that affect the BLS.

Methods

The ATHNdataset was queried for haemophilia carriers with a documented BLS. Collected data included demographics, ISTH‐BAT score, factor activity level, type of haemophilia (A or B), genotype and geographic residence.

Results

Nine hundred twenty‐two haemophilia carriers in the ATHNdataset reported a BLS. When adjusted for age, 74% reported a normal score. Logistic regression identified age, factor activity level, ethnicity and region of residence as risk factors for an abnormal score.

Conclusions

The majority of haemophilia carriers (74%) in the ATHNdataset had a normal BLS, including the majority (59%) with factor activity levels < 40 IU/dl. Conversely, 24% of haemophilia carriers with a factor activity level 40 IU/dl reported an abnormal BLS. These results are consistent with previous studies of haemophilia carriers. Additional investigation is needed to determine why a majority of haemophilia carriers with low factor activity levels report normal BLSs while a significant minority of haemophilia carriers with normal activity levels report abnormal BLSs.
All‐cause mortality and causes of death in persons with haemophilia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alam Arafat Ul , Karkhaneh Mohammad , Attia Tyson , Wu Cynthia , Sun Haowei (Linda)
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Improvements in haemophilia treatment over the last decades resulted in increased life expectancy in persons with haemophilia (PWH).

Aim

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine all‐cause mortality and causes of death among PWH.

Methods

We systematically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane central register of controlled trials from inception through March 15, 2021. Studies that reported a mortality estimate of PWH compared with the general population and/or reported causes of death were included. Random‐effects meta‐analysis with inverse variance method was used to obtain pooled estimates. We stratified the analysis by the year of cohort entry (before 2000 vs after 2000).

Result

Of the 4769 studies identified, 52 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled all‐cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) from 9 studies in PWH was 1.93 (95% CI 1.38–2.70; I2 = 97%). The pooled SMRs before and after the year 2000 were 2.40 (95% CI 1.92–3.00; I2 = 87%) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.03–1.40; I2 = 62%), respectively. Before the year 2000, 31.2% deaths occurred due to HIV followed by haemorrhage (26.0%), cardiovascular disease (18.2%), liver disease (9.0%), and cancer (8.9%). Fewer (13.9%) deaths were attributable to HIV after the year 2000 with the proportion of deaths due to haemorrhage remaining unchanged.

Conclusion

With treatment advances, mortality in PWH has declined over the last few decades approaching that of the general population. However, haemorrhage remains a leading cause of death requiring further attention.
Lenvatinib versus Sorafenib as first‐line treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma: A multi‐institutional matched case‐control study
Authors: Rimini Margherita , Shimose Shigeo , Lonardi Sara , Tada Toshifumi , Masi Gianluca , Iwamoto Hideki , Lai Eleonora , Burgio Valentina , Hiraoka Atsushi , Ishikawa Toru , Soldà Caterina , Shirono Tomotake , Vivaldi Caterina , Takaguchi Koichi , Shimada Noritomo , Astara Giorgio , Koga Hironori , Nouso Kazuhiro , Joko Kouji , Torimura Takuji , Hiasa Yoichi , Salani Francesca , Scartozzi Mario , Cascinu Stefano , Casadei‐Gardini Andrea
Published: September 2021

Background

Advanced Hepatocarcinoma (HCC) is an important health problem worldwide. Recently, the REFLECT trial demonstrated the non‐inferiority of Lenvatinib compared to Sorafenib in I line setting, thus leading to the approval of new first‐line standard of care, along with Sorafenib.

Aims and methods

With aim to evaluate the optimal choice between Sorafenib and Lenvatinib as primary treatment in clinical practice, we performed a multicentric analysis with the propensity score matching on 184 HCC patients.

Results

The median overall survival (OS) were 15.2 and 10.5 months for Lenvatinib and Sorafenib arm, respectively. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 7.0 and 4.5 months for Lenvatinib and Sorafenib arm, respectively. Patients treated with Lenvatinib showed a 36% reduction of death risk (p = 0.0156), a 29% reduction of progression risk (p = 0.0446), a higher response rate (p < 0.00001) and a higher disease control rate (p = 0.002). Sorafenib showed to be correlated with more hand‐foot skin reaction and Lenvatinib with more hypertension and fatigue. We highlighted the prognostic role of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG‐PS), bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and eosinophils for Sorafenib. Conversely, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) resulted prognostic in Lenvatinib arm. Finally, we highlighted the positive predictive role of albumin > Normal Value (NV), ECOG > 0, NLR < 3, absence of Hepatitis C Virus positivity, and presence of portal vein thrombosis in favor of Lenvatinib arm. Eosinophil < 50 and ECOG > 0 negatively predicted the response to Sorafenib.

Conclusion

SLenvatinib showed to better perform in a real‐word setting compared to Sorafenib. More researches are needed to validate the predictor factors of response to Lenvatinib rather than Sorafenib.
Potential relationship between clinical symptoms and the root canal microbiomes of root filled teeth based on the next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Hou Yajing , Wang Liu , Zhang Lan , Tan Xuelian , Huang Dingming , Song Dongzhe
Published: September 2021

Aim

To determine the microorganism in root canal systems of root filled teeth with periapical disease and their relationship with clinical symptoms using next‐generation sequencing.

Methodology

The roots of 10 extracted teeth were collected from 10 patients who presented with post‐treatment apical periodontitis (PTAP; six with symptoms and four without symptoms). Each root was divided horizontally into two parts (apical and coronal segments) and cryo‐pulverized. Microbial communities were detected using 16S rDNA hypervariable V3‐V4 region. The diversity, principal coordinate analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size were performed in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (apical and coronal parts respectively). A Mann–Whitney test and an analysis of similarities were applied for intergroup analysis, at a significance level of 5%.

Results

A total of 23 phyla, 257 genera and 425 species were detected. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in all samples. Three phyla (Fusobacteria, Synergistetes and unidentified_Bacteria) and seven genera (Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Phocaeicola, Olsenella, Campylobacter, Tannerella and Fretibacterium) were significantly more abundant in the symptomatic patients (p < .05), whereas asymptomatic patients had more Sphingomonas. The species more significantly abundant in the symptomatic samples were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Phocaeicola abscessus, Campylobacter showae, Tannerella forsythia and Olsenella uli (p < .05).

Conclusions

A greater microbial diversity was observed in root filled teeth with PTAP compared to earlier reports. Several genera and species in root canal systems might be associated with clinical symptoms of PTAP.
Molecular analysis of severe hemophilia B in Indian families: Identification of mutational hotspot and novel variants
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Kumar Ravi , Masih Suzena , Srivastava Priyanka , Singh Parshw , Jaiswal Sushil Kumar , Moirangthem Amita , Saxena Deepti , Phadke Shubha R. , Mandal Kausik
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Hemophilia B is associated with molecular heterogeneity, with more than 1200 unique variants in the F9 gene. We hereby describe the mutational spectrum of severe hemophilia B patients presenting in a tertiary‐care center in India.

Method

DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of 35 diagnosed severe hemophilia B patients belonging to 32 families, and were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Determination of the effect of novel variants on the protein structure and correlation between genotype and phenotype was attempted using in‐silico tools.

Results

Twenty‐seven different mutations were detected in 30 probands, including 20 known and 7 novel variants. Also, we found one suspected case of whole gene deletion. The serine peptidase domain harbored most of the variants (48.1%). Inhibitory antibodies were found in two patients.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive mutational spectrum and mutation screening strategy by Sanger sequencing of F9 gene in severe hemophilia B patients, in a resource‐constraint setting.
Virtual care and the impact of COVID‐19 on nursing: A single centre evaluation
Authors: Hughes Luke , Petrella Anika , Phillips Natasha , Taylor Rachel M.
Published: September 2021

Aims

The overall aim of this evaluation was to look at the impact of the changes in working practices during the pandemic on nurses. This secondary analysis provided an evaluation of virtual care and being able/required to work from home.

Design

This was secondary analysis of an evaluation using semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

Conducted at a single National Health Service (NHS) university hospital in the United Kingdom between May and July 2020. Forty‐eight operational leads and nurses participated in semi‐structured interviews which were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework analysis.

Results

Two overarching themes emerged relating to the patient experience and nursing experience. There were both positive and negative elements associated with virtual care and remote working related to these themes. However, the majority of nurses found that virtual clinics were useful when proper resources were provided, and managerial strategies were put in place to support them. Participants felt that virtual care could benefit many but not all patient groups moving forward, and that flexibility around working from home would be desirable in the future.

Conclusion

Virtual care and remote working were implemented to accommodate the restrictions imposed because of the pandemic. The benefits of these changes to nurses and patients support these being business as usual. However, clear policies are needed to ensure that nurses feel supported when working remotely and there are robust assessments in place to ensure virtual care is provided to patients who have access to the necessary technology.

Impact

This was a study of the move to virtual care and remote working during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Telemedicine and flexible working were not common in the NHS prior to the pandemic but the current evaluation supports the role out of these as standard care with policies in place to ensure that nurses and patients are appropriately supported.
Development and psychometric testing of the Reality Shock Scale for newly graduated nurses
Authors: Çiriş Yildiz Cennet , Ergün Yasemin
Published: September 2021

Aim

This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test a Reality Shock Scale for newly graduated nurses.

Design

An instrument development and validation study.

Method

A four‐phase structure was used: (1) determining the conceptual foundation (2) creating the items, (3) preliminary evaluation of items and (4) refining the scale and evaluating psychometric properties. The scale was evaluated in terms of content and construct validity. To assess its reliability, the scale was tested for internal consistency and a test–retest approach was applied. The psychometric characteristics of the scale were tested with 1310 newly graduated nurses working in different positions at 19 hospitals. Data were collected over the period January 2018–July 2019.

Results

Prior to the creation of the scale items, a scan of the literature was carried out, after which individual face‐to‐face, semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were held with the newly graduated nurses. The scale's Content Validity Index was 0.97. A 47‐item scale containing four subdomains (Relations and Cooperation, Professional Knowledge, Responsibilities, Performance) was developed as a result of the analyses; the scale explained 48.4% of total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the scale's four‐factor construct. Cronbach's α was calculated as .95 for the overall scale.

Conclusion

The Reality Shock Scale that was developed is a valid and reliable measure that can be used to determine the extent to which newly graduated nurses experience reality shock.

Impact

The developed tool makes it possible to determine the reality shock experienced by newly graduated nurses and influencing factors. Thus, educational institutions as well as health institutions have the means to develop policies to prevent reality shock experienced among newly graduated nurses.
Apatinib inhibits the growth of small cell lung cancer via a mechanism mediated by VEGF, PI3K/Akt and Ki‐67/CD31
Authors: Zhong Ning , Zhuang Wei , Huang Qian , Wang Qiang , Jin Wenjian
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to investigate the anti‐tumour effect of apatinib on extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and elucidate the associated mechanisms. NCI‐H345 cells were selected as model cells because of high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and phosphorylated‐VEGFR2 (pVEGFR2). Cells were exposed to recombinant human VEGF (rhVEGF) and apatinib. Cells were then divided into eight groups, namely, control, rhVEGF, apatinib, rhVEGF+apatinib, serum‐free medium (SM), SM+rhVEGF, SM+apatinib and SM+rhVEGF+apatinib. In comparison with the control group, cell proliferation in vitro in apatinib, SM, SM+apatinib and SM+rhVEGF+apatinib groups was inhibited, particularly in SM+apatinib group. The effect of apatinib on tumour growth in vivo was investigated using a mouse xenograft tumour model. In comparison with the control group, tumour sizes were reduced in apatinib‐treated group on days 34 and 37. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining revealed that VEGF, pVEGFR2, PI3K, AKT, p‐ERK1/2, Ki‐67 and CD31 in the tumour cells of apatinib‐treated group were downregulated compared with control group. Haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that apatinib promoted the necrosis of SCLC cells in vivo. In conclusion, apatinib inhibited the growth of SCLC cells by downregulating the expression of VEGF, pVEGFR2, p‐PI3K, p‐AKT, p‐ERK1/2, Ki‐67 and CD31.
Epidemiology of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dessinioti C. , Pitoulias M. , Stratigos A. J.
Published: September 2021

Cutaneous invasive squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) most commonly presents as a typically indolent tumour with five‐year cure rates of >90%. Advanced cSCC has been defined as locally advanced or metastatic (locoregional or distant) cSCC. The epidemiological data on advanced cSCC are rare due to underreporting or exclusion of cSCC from national cancer registries. Although the frequency of local recurrence has been reported, there is no clear evidence on the incidence or mortality of locally advanced cSCCs, e.g. locally infiltrating or locally recurrent cSCCs that are not further amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy. This gap of knowledge on the epidemiology of locally advanced cSCC, highlights the need for standardisation in defining and reporting both locally advanced and metastatic cSCC. Even though metastatic cSCCs are a small part of cSCCs (3%–5%), their aggressive characteristics contribute to significant morbidity, higher mortality and are those likely to require systemic treatments. Locally recurrent and metastatic cSCC may occur more frequently in high‐risk cSCCs (up to 35%). The site of metastasis involves in the vast majority the regional lymph nodes, with the head and neck lymph nodes or parotid most commonly affected. Metastasis occurs mostly within 2–3 years of the primary cSCC diagnosis. The knowledge of the incidence and prognosis of advanced cSCC and the risk stratification of patients, who may progress to advanced cSCC, emerge as pressing research areas with important implications for cost‐efficiency planning and optimisation of patient care.
Hybridization and genetic population structure of Alosa population in the United Kingdom
Authors: Antognazza Caterina Maria , Sabatino Stephen J. , Britton Robert J. , Hillman Rob J. , Aprahamian Miran , Hardouin Emilie A. , Andreou Demetra
Published: September 2021

Human‐mediated habitat fragmentation has been proposed as the main factor driving hybridization between the sympatric migratory European shads Alosa alosa and Alosa fallax, which has co‐occurred with substantial population declines in A. alosa. In river systems across Great Britain, shad are negatively affected by navigation weirs constructed in the last 150 years that impede their spawning migrations. Consequently, the aim here was to assess the impact of human disturbances on the genetic introgression and population structure of shad in Great Britain through genotyping 119 Alosa spp. using 24 microsatellite loci.