bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Securing DICOM Images with a Novel Chaotic Encryption Scheme Utilizing Wavelet Transform and Biometric Fingerprint
Authors: Mortajez Sareh , Dehghan Mohammad Jafar , Azizi Amirabbas
Published: June 2024

Medical images contain sensitive diagnostic and therapeutic information about patients. The confidentiality of medical images is crucial, particularly in telehealth. Data encryption is a vital method for protecting such sensitive information. One of the most common methods for ensuring information security is data encryption, and image encryption is a common process for protecting visual data.
This paper presents a novel encryption scheme for DICOM medical images, integrating chaotic logistic systems, discrete wavelet transforms, and biometric fingerprint data. The method generates dynamic, interdependent security keys by combining DICOM image data with fingerprint information. Pixels confusion phase is achieved through a block-based strategy and a multi-level map structure, while diffusion phase employs a threshold-based strategy based on chaotic logistic systems. The encryption of DICOM images is accomplished with very low computational complexity. The proposed method demonstrates a significant trade-off between computational complexity and security performance with its simplicity of implementation.
We tested the scheme on standard DICOM images, assessing security through entropy, key sensitivity, key space, correlation, and histogram analyses. Comparative studies under identical conditions revealed superior performance of our scheme over existing methods.
In the presented scheme, dynamic security keys are generated for each input medical image based on DICOM and fingerprint information. Our scheme's dynamic security keys, tailored to each medical image, offer a balance between computational efficiency and robust security. The simplicity of implementation, coupled with rigorous evaluation, confirms the method's effectiveness against security threats, making it a promising solution for medical image encryption in telehealth.
The impact of changes in physical activity on functional recovery for older inpatients in community-based integrated care units
Authors: Saegusa Hiroki , Kojima Iwao , Terao Yusuke , Koyama Shingo , Suzuki Mizue , Tanaka Shu , Kimura Yosuke , Otobe Yuhei , Aoki Takuya , Nishida Sho , Kitagawa Yasuhiro , Yamada Minoru
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The effect of increased physical activity duration on functional recovery in older inpatients in subacute settings is not well established. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and functional recovery in older patients receiving post-acute and subacute care.
Methods
We analyzed cohort data of hospitalized older patients (age ≥ 65 years) in the community-based integrated care units. The main outcome was functional independence measure (FIM) gain. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. Changes in sedentary behavior and total physical activity time from admission to discharge were measured as changes in each physical activity time. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between changes in physical activity and FIM gain.
Results
A total of 210 patients were eligible for analysis. The mean age of the study patients was 83.6 ± 7.2 years, and 63.8% (n = 134) were female. According to the multivariate regression analysis, changes in sedentary behavior time were significantly associated with better recovery of FIM gain (odds ratio [OR] 0.996, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.992–0.999; p = 0.018), and changes in total physical activity time also showed a similar association (OR 1.006, 95% CI: 1.001–1.011; p = 0.023).
Conclusion
Decreased sedentary behavior time and increased total physical activity time were significantly associated with better functional recovery in community-based integrated care units. These results suggest that interventions for physical activity duration may be effective in older post-acute and subacute patients.
Elucidating the G X E Interaction Using AMMI, AMMI Stability Parameters and GGE for Cane Yield and Quality in Sugarcane
Authors: DURAI A.ANNA , . Amaresh , R Arun kumar , G Hemaprabha
Published: June 2024

Stable, and high yielding genotype with superior quality across the spatial and temporal variation are to be identified due to changing weather conditions which largely influences the true genotypic performance. The present experiment was conducted with 13 clones including seven test entries along with six recently released varieties as first plant, second plant and ratoon in RBD with three replications during the year 2022-23 and 2023-24 at ICAR-SBI, Coimbatore. Combined ANOVA revealed that there was a significant genotype main effects, environment main effects and G X E interaction effect for all the traits under study except for the traits, cane diameter and single cane weight for which environment main effects were not significant. The AMMI ANOVA for the sucrose, CCS percent, cane yield and CCS yield showed that significant individual effects of Genotypes, Environments and genotype × environment interaction. AMMI biplot analysis revealed that the genotypes Co 17001, CoC 13339 and Co 86032 for cane yield and Co 86032 and CoC 13339 for CCS yield were stable. AMMI stability parameters such as ASV, MASV identified Co 86032, Co 15003, and CoC 13339 were stable for cane and CCS yield. The GSI, EV, SIPC showed Co 17001, Co 15003, Co 86032 and Co 11015 were stable for cane and CCS yield. Multi-trait stability analysis considering the traits like sucrose, CCS percent, cane yield, CCS yield revealed that the genotypes Co 15003 and Co 86032 were highly stable. GGE analysis such as mean vs stability, ranking of genotypes, which won where biplots pinpointed that the genotype Co 17001 is highly stable than the standards Co 11015 and Co 86032 for sucrose content, cane and CCS yield. Thus, the genotypes Co 17001 and Co 15003 were stable and superior than the commercial varieties like Co 11015 and Co 86032 according to the AMMI, AMMI stability parameters and GGE for the cane yield and CCS yield and they may be promoted for commercial cultivation in target environment.
Uniting science and local ecological knowledge to address a recent invasion in a protected area
Authors: Padilha Janeide , Teixeira Amílcar , Sousa Ronaldo
Published: June 2024

Non-native invasive species threaten freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES), which are critical for environmental health and possess noteworthy socioeconomic and cultural importance. This research specifically delves into the impact of the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in a protected area (Montesinho Natural Park, Portugal). It combines scientific inquiry with local ecological knowledge (LEK) to elucidate the implications of this non-native invasive species for biodiversity and ES across five river basins. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with 132 residents from villages adjacent to these rivers, maintaining a balanced representation of both genders. Approximately 46% of the males and 25.5% of the females reported sightings of the signal crayfish, describing initial introductions around 8 and 5.8 years ago, respectively. The majority (78.6% of men and 80% of women) believed that the crayfish populations have since burgeoned. Respondents evaluated the crayfish's ES impact on a 0-5 scale, with 5 being the most significant. Both genders recognized the impacts on different ES, such as riverbank erosion (1.5), food sources for humans (2.5) and other species (3.8), water quality (3.3), pest regulation (3), habitat provision (3.9), and recreational and tourism activities (2.8). Both men (87.5%) and women (77.8%) identified fish, specifically brown trout (Salmo trutta), as the most affected taxonomic group by this non-native invasive species. Unanimously, participants concurred on the importance of integrating LEK with scientific research to improve invasive species management. The findings emphasize the urgent need for robust scientific study and targeted management actions considering the perceived detrimental negative impacts of signal crayfish. It suggests the crucial role of local communities in knowledge generation and response formulation, thus reinforcing our collective efforts to safeguard biodiversity and ES amidst invasive species threats.
Establishment and clinical application of fetal growth charts: A retrospective observational study in Wuhan China
Authors: Yu Nan , Li Wei , Li Jin , Wang Liang , Yang Yihong , Feng Ling , Wu Jianli
Published: June 2024

Background
Optimal fetal growth is recognized as a basic foundation for long-term health, while aberrations in growth may have implications for disease risk across the lifespan. We attempted to establish the best evaluation method of fetal growth curve suitable for Chinese children, and evaluate the impact of this chart and other charts used for a long time in a Chinese population, such as Hadlock chart, and to compare their ability to predict newborn small for gestational age (SGA).
Methods
For this retrospective observational study, we reviewed ultrasound data from all pregnant women (n = 29286) who gave birth in Tongji Hospital between 2007 and 2022. A fractional polynomial regression model was applied to generate Wuhan fetal growth chart ranges for head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). The differences between Wuhan charts and published charts were quantified by calculating the Z-score.
Results
33982 scans of fetal biometry contributed by 29286 pregnancies with reliable gestational age were analyzed. With Hadlock references (< 3rd centile), the proportions of small heads and short femurs were 8.23% and 11.98% in late gestation respectively. With AC < 10th centile, all these references were poor at predicting neonatal SGA and short femur.
Conclusions
Applying long-standing Hadlock references could misclassify a large proportion of fetuses as SGA and short femurs. A curve that is more suitable for Chinese fetus is urgently needed.
Assessing the Discrepancy between Network and Household Drinking Water Quality in Rural Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Galezzo María-Angélica , Acosta-González Alejandro , Jimenez-Junca Carlos
Published: June 2024

In rural areas of Colombia, many communities regularly consume untreated water via rural aqueducts with little concern for water quality. Additionally, monitoring of water quality by local authorities is almost nonexistent. To evaluate drinking water quality in rural communities from the Sabana Centro province in Cundinamarca, Colombia, four representative locations (El Olivo, El Manzano, Alto del Aguila, and Río Frío Oriental) were selected for water analyses at three sampling points (tap, filtered water, and boiled water) in 58 households. The physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of the water samples were used to calculate the IRCA (Water Quality Risk Index) and compared with the values established by Colombian regulations and WHO guidelines. Our findings indicate the IRCA ranged from 1.2 to 95.2, distributed as follows: 3% of samples had no risk, 19% medium risk, 43% high risk, and 34% were unsanitary. Significant differences in water quality were found between communities (p = 0.003) and sampling points (p < 0.001). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.729) between residual chlorine and fecal coliforms indicated effective bacterial reduction with chlorine treatment. Boiled water samples had the highest average IRCA value (81.3), while filtered water samples had the lowest (32.4). It is concluded that residents in the four communities face water-related health risks, as indicated by the IRCA. Filtration proved more effective in improving water quality than boiling or tap water usage. Implementing proper water management and storage practices, complemented by community training, is essential to enhance water safety and public health.
The value of elective neck irradiation in management of esthesioneuroblastoma: a retrospective study based on Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Zhao Yang , Yan Li , Li Ruichen , Wang Xiaoshen , Zhu Yi
Published: June 2024

Background
This study aims to assess the clinical efficacy of elective neck irradiation (ENI) in patients with esthesineuroblastoma (ENB), a rare malignant neoplasm, who are clinically node-negative.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 178 patients newly diagnosed with ENB at our institution between 2009 and 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to compare node-negative patients treated with and without ENI. We extensively examined survival outcomes and treatment failure.
Results
Of the 178 participants, 149 (83.7%) were lymph node-negative and staged in Modified Kadish A-C. 96 patients underwent ENI treatment, while 53 did not. At baseline, patients who received ENI differed from those who did not in terms of radiotherapy technique, staging, orbital invasion, surgical mode, and chemotherapy. After PSM, 43 pairs were available for analysis. ENI was observed to extend overall survival (OS, 5-year 73.9% vs. 84.0%; 3-year 76.9% vs. 97.1%, p = 0.022), progression-free survival (PFS, 5-year 38.5% vs. 84.6%; 3-year 50.5% vs. 94.5%, p < 0.001) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS, 5-year 42.7% vs. 84.6%, p = 0.023; 3-year 57.3% vs. 94.5%, p < 0.001) in node-negative ENI patients. Failure pattern analyses revealed that ENI, which included level Ib, II, VIIa, significantly reduced the treatment failure rate. Furthermore, ENI did not significantly impact the prognosis of T1-2 patients, indicating potential clinical value of ENI in T3-4 patients.
Conclusions
Our findings suggested that ENI decreased regional failure and significantly enhanced LRFS and PFS. ENI may be considered as an integral part of the initial treatment strategy for locally advanced node-negative ENB patients.
Comparison of rebubbling rate between preloaded endothelium-in and preloaded no-touch endothelium-out Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty transplantation
Authors: Kronschläger Martin , Ruzza Alessandro , Zeilinger Johannes , Schlatter Andreas , Ruiss Manuel , Findl Oliver
Published: June 2024

Background
To compare the difference in rebubbling rates between patients undergoing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with endothelium-in using a standard IOL cartridge and those with endothelium-out DMEK utilizing a no-touch technique with borosilicate glass cartridge transplantation.
Methods
This retrospective study included all eyes that underwent preloaded endothelium-in or endothelium-out DMEK transplantation from June 2019 to December 2023 at the Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria. All DMEKs were harvested, prepared and preloaded at the European Eye Bank of Venice, Italy. DMEK surgeries were done by one experienced surgeon and the procedure was completed by air tamponade of the anterior chamber.
Results
Overall, 32 eyes each of 31 endothelium-out patients and of 29 endothelium-in patients were included. 32 preloaded endothelium-in procedures were followed by 32 preloaded endothelium-out procedures. Rebubbling rate for endothelium-in was 15/32 (47%) and for endothelium-out was 7/25 (28%) (p = 0.035, Pearson's chi-squared test). Donor age was the most important variable for rebubbling in a random forest algorithm model (ROC: 0.67).
Conclusions
Rebubbling rate in endothelium-out DMEK was less than two-thirds compared to endothelium-in DMEK favoring no-touch endothelium-out DMEK as the preferred technique of DMEK transplantation.
Developing a PANoptosis Signature: Identification of Unique Immunotherapeutic Candidates for Osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhou Song , Zhou Jing , Li Lianxiang , Song Bo , Cheng Yuelei , Xie Wei , Zhao Yunlai , Yang Feng , Zhuang Qishuai , Zhang Qian
Published: June 2024

This study focused on elucidating the role of PANoptosis in osteosarcoma (OS), a highly malignant bone tumor. By screening and integrating OS-related microarray datasets from GEO, we identified 105 PANoptosis-related differentially expressed genes (OS_PAN_DEGs) primarily involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, proteasome, Hippo signaling, and neurodegenerative disease pathways. These genes were used to classify OS into three distinct subtypes with varying clinical outcomes, immune characteristics, and mutational landscapes. Additionally, we developed an OS_PAN-index model to assess the association between PANoptosis and OS features, treatment response, and prognosis. Notably, high OS_PAN-index patients responded well to immunotherapy, while low-index patients showed sensitivity to small-molecule targeted drugs. Drug screening revealed Pazopanib, Chelerythrine, Staurosporine, Hydroxyurea, and Sunitinib as potential therapeutic agents positively correlated with OS_PAN_DEGs expression. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of OS pathogenesis and offers novel therapeutic targets for OS treatment.
The association between the uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and the risk of osteoporosis among U.S. adults: analysis of NHANES data (2011–2018)
Authors: Wang Jinzhou , Li Shanshan , Pu Hongyu , Wang Ye
Published: June 2024

Background
Middle-aged and older persons are frequently afflicted with osteoporosis and atherosclerosis; however, new evidence indicates a deeper relationship that goes beyond the normal aging process. One new inflammatory measure that has developed for evaluating the risk of cardiovascular disease is the uric acid to high density lipoprotein ratio (UHR).However, research on the relationship between UHR and the risk of developing osteoporosis is still awaiting.
Methods
Between 2011 and 2018, we gathered UHR and bone mineral density (BMD) data from 10,983 individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We employed multivariate linear regression to investigate the relationship between BMD and UHR. Smoothing curves were utilized to deal with nonlinearity. To investigate nonlinear relationships further, we employed a two-part linear regression model. Threshold effects were evaluated using both components of the linear regression model. We also conducted subgroup analyses to ensure the stability of the findings.
Results
In all three models, we found a negative correlation between UHR and lumbar BMD. there was an L-curve correlation between UHR and lumbar BMD, with a critical inflection point of 2.97. the fully adjusted model showed a decrease in lumbar BMD of 0.03 g/cm2 for those in the fourth quartile compared with the lowest quartile. the correlation was consistent across most subgroups, except in the subgroups with a body mass index less than 25 and age greater than 50 and those with diabetes.
Conclusions
According to this study, there appears to be a negative relationship between BMD and NHHR among US adults. More study is needed to determine the precise physiological pathways by which UHR contributes to the development of osteoporosis.
Long-Term Clinical Effectiveness and Associated Factors of Drug-Coated Balloon for Long and Short Femoropopliteal Lesion
Authors: Wang Yuru , Li Kang , Shao Jiang , Lai Zhichao , Xie Yiyun , Kong Deqiang , Liu Bao
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) for the treatment of short femoropopliteal arteries have been demonstrated. However, there are few studies on the prognosis of long lesions, especially long-term prognosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of DCB for long and short lesions and the risk factors associated with poor prognosis.
Methods
This real-world and single-center cohort study included 234 patients with de novo stenosis or restenosis of the femoropopliteal arteries (115 long lesions, 141 short lesions) who underwent successful DCB treatment from January 2019 to December 2021 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Stents were also used in 18 long lesions (15.7%) and 14 short lesions (9.9%). The primary safety endpoint was defined as freedom from major adverse events. Major adverse events were defined as death, target limb amputation or thrombosis. The primary efficacy endpoint was defined as primary patency and freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR). The mean follow-up period was 2 years.
Results
Major adverse events at 2-year follow-up were reported in 12.4% of patients (29/234). The rate of primary patency and freedom from TLR by Kaplan-Meier estimation was 56.10 ± 3.28% and 85.71 ± 2.32% at 2 years, respectively. Significant difference in primary patency is shown in Rutherford Clinical Category (RCC) (p = 0.003), lesion length > 15cm versus ≤ 15cm (p = 0.005), target vessel = 1 versus target vessels = 2 (p = 0.018). Cox analysis suggested that Lesion length > 15 cm and RCC > 3 were associated with increased risk for primary patency loss at 2 years (p < 0.05). The change in RCC between baseline and 2-year follow-up was available in 199 patients with significant difference (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
DCB treatment is safe and effective at 2 years postoperatively. Patients with longer lesions, RCC > 3 had significantly lower rates of primary patency.
Isolation of Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB) from Pollen and Honey of Mellipona Subnitida Stingless Bees
Authors: Alves Andreza Marta Pereira , Silveira Maico Silva , Alves Luis Kenedy , Ramírez María Ximena Díaz , Silva Jonas Luiz Almada , Pereira Júlio Otávio Portela , Silva Mayara Salgado
Published: June 2024

Vinegar production worldwide typically follows a natural fermentation process, which complicates control and standardization procedures. To streamline this process, it is essential to develop fermenting agents with high acetic acid production through acetic acid bacteria (AAB). The acetic acid present in the pollen of stingless bees is the most sensorially prominent organic acid, confirming that this bee product undergoes a fermentation process. This study aimed to isolate acetic acid bacteria from the pollen of Melipona subnitida bees, which are native to Brazil and whose products remain underexplored.. Thirteen strains were isolated from the pollen and one strain from kombucha as a control. The biochemical tests performed were: Gram staining, catalase production, H₂S production, indole production, motility, and catalase production. Additionally, an acetic acid production test was performed in culture medium and honey alcoholic fermentate. ANOVA and Tukey's test were applied. Finally, four strains were selected: MV1, MA2, PV6, and K, as promising for acetic acid production.
Comparison of Effects of Real-Time Feedback devices on Chest Compression Quality of Basic Life Support-Certified and Non-Basic Life Support-Certified Rescuers: A Randomized Crossover Manikin Study.
Authors: Wang Huanglei , Zhang Zhongxiang , Xiong Dan , Yu Jiangtao , Zhao Yan , Jiang Cheng
Published: June 2024

Background
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. The incidence and death rate are high. However, high-quality CPR cannot be always accomplished by either bystanders or medical professionals. Feedback devices have been confirmed to be effective in training of CPR. The aim of the study is to investigate and compare the impacts of a real-time feedback device (RTFD) on CPR quality of BLS-certified and non-BLS-certified rescuers.
Methods
A total of 50 BLS-certified participants from emergency department and 50 junior students from medical school were recruited. Two rounds of 2-min chest compression (CC)-only CPR with and without RTFD were conducted. The order in which rescuers conducted the two rounds was arranged randomly. 6-hour rest was set between two rounds. Position, rate, depth, and recoil during compression and blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and Borg fatigue scale before and after compression were measured and recorded.
Results
With RTFD, the proportions of high-quality CC (compression with rate between 100–120 bpm, depth in 5–6 cm, and complete recoil) of two groups significantly improved (both p < 0.001). However, the proportion of high-quality CC in non-BLS, with or without RTFD, were still lower than BLS (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). With RTFD, the rate of non-BLS increased to over 100 (96.5 ± 12.9 vs 108.7 ± 6.6, p < 0.001) and the proportion of 100–120 bpm between two groups became similar (p = 0.35). With RTFD, depth of BLS was increased to recommended range (5–6 cm), but depth in non-BLS was still lower than 5 cm (5.1 ± 0.6 vs 4.7 ± 0.7, p = 0.001). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased more with RTFD after CC in non-BLS, and the score of Borg fatigue scale after compression with RTFD was significantly higher than that without RTFD (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
RTFD can help rescuers perform CC with a higher quality. RTFD can improve CC rate better than depth. Considering the increase of fatigue for bystanders during CPR with RTFD, repetitive training is necessary to allow rescuers to adapt the feedback devices, especially for bystanders.
Cost-effectiveness of corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus in district general hospital settings in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dervenis Panagiotis , Dervenis Nikolaos , Lam Fook Chang
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Keratoconus is a bilateral corneal ectasia occurring in adolescence or early adulthood. Collagen crosslinking is being used as an option to halt disease progression. However, still many district general hospitals lack the equipment of performing this rather straightforward procedure. The aim of this study is to assess how cost-effectiveness of crosslinking when performed in district units compares to crosslinking in tertiary centers.
Methods
A Markov model was constructed consisting of two different cohorts. One cohort included patients having crosslinking in district units, while the second included patients that were initially examined in district hospitals but then they were referred to tertiary centers in order to have the same treatment. Data for the first cohort were derived from audit data in our department, whereas for the tertiary cohort we used already published data. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of our results.
Results
In the base case, crosslinking performed in district general hospitals proved to be more effective and less costly compared to crosslinking in tertiary units. Assuming a lifelong efficacy of crosslinking, this leads to an extra cost of £238,782.33/QALY, whereas assuming a 10-year efficacy crosslinking in district general hospitals saves £1,062,962.96/QALY. In any case, crosslinking in district units remains cost effective compared to the NHS willingness-to-pay ratio of £30000/QALY. Decision making is unaffected by the initial disease severity, the proportion of bilateral cases treated and the discount rate of the utilities and the costs.
Conclusion
Collagen crosslinking when performed in district general hospitals is more effective and less costly for the healthcare system. Coordinated actions should be taken in order to equip even more district units with all the necessary equipment so that patients can be treated locally rather than be referred to tertiary centers.
Genetic variation within the arctic-alpine Calamagrostis stricta (Poaceae) species complex in Europe
Authors: Parisod Christian , GRUENIG Sandra , Metry Adrian , Leibundgut Mary , Eggenberg Stefan , Mràz Patrick , Kozlowski Gregor , Champoud Luca
Published: June 2024

The Calamagrostis stricta (Poaceae) species complex is a circumpolar, boreo-arctic and montane taxon that includesnumerous subspecies and varieties. The recent discovery of Calamagrostis lonana Eggenberg & Leibundgut in the Alps, calls for a thorough assessment of relationships within C. stricta. The main aim of our study was to elucidate the phylogenetic position, genetic structure, and ploidy level of C. lonana, as compared to the other members of the C. stricta species complex from Central Europe to the Arctic. Fifteen populations of the C. stricta species complex were sampled across Central and Northern Europe and their ploidy level was estimated using flow cytometry. Genetic variation was characterized using double digest RAD sequencing reads (ddRADseq) on a total of 115 individuals genotyped at 1157 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Tetraploidy was observed in Arctic populations from Northern Europe and C. lonana in the Alps, in contrast to other populations exhibiting higher ploidy levels. Calamagrostis lonana was genetically closely related to the arctic C. stricta subsp. groenlandica, while C. stricta subsp. stricta formed a second genetic cluster across Central Europe. A third, very distinct genetic cluster was observed in the northern Svalbard archipelago. Despite lacking evidence of sexual reproduction, substantially more genetic diversity than expected under asexual reproduction was detected within populations in C. lonana and other taxa. The distribution and genetic structure of the C. stricta species complex has been shaped by major post-glacial environmental changes having affected cold regions, and specifically highlights C. lonana as a valuable relict taxon for the Alps.
Benefits of entecavir therapy in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients with compensated cirrhosis after hepatectomy: a ten-year cohort study
Authors: Liu Jian , Lin Jianbo , Shi Xintong , Zhang Xiaofeng , Dai Chun , Wu Yeye , Cui Longjiu , Zhu Bin , Fu Xiaohui , Yu Wenlong , Wang Kui , Li Jun
Published: June 2024

Background
Data on the impact of antiviral therapy(AVT) on the long-term outcomes of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients with cirrhosis after hepatectomy are limited. We aimed to determine the effect of AVT on HBV-related cirrhotic HCC.
Methods
A total of 1396 patients with HBV-related cirrhotic HCC who underwent curative resection and received entecavir for postoperative AVT were categorized into AVT and no-AVT groups. Recurrence and overall survival(OS) rates were compared, especially according to the initiation time of AVT, virological response, and low HBV levels.
Results
The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year recurrence rates in AVT group(n = 432) were lower than those in no-AVT group(n = 964, 26%, 49%, 65% and 76% vs. 29%, 69%, 87% and 92%,P < 0.001) and OS rates were higher(95%, 69%, 54% and 34% vs. 94%, 53%, 35% and 11%,P < 0.001). AVT was an independent factor for late, but not early, recurrence(P < 0.001). The 3-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence rates were similar between patients with only postoperative AVT and those with both pre-and postoperative AVT(P = 0.772). In the AVT group, the 3-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence rates in patients with persistent virological response(PVR) were lower than those in patients with low detectable viral levels(LDV, P = 0.003). Logistic analysis showed that the time to virological response(P < 0.001) and HBeAg positivity(P < 0.001) were independently associated with LDV. Patients with spontaneous or treatment-induced undetectable HBV showed the lowest and similar late recurrence rates(P = 0.796).
Conclusions
Long-term AVT, regardless of preoperative or postoperative initiation, reduced post-resection late recurrence in patients with HCC and cirrhosis, especially in those with PVR.
A real-world pharmacovigilance study of nusinersen based on the FAERS database
Authors: Guo Weiling , Fang Yi , Xu Aiguang , Wu Lijuan , Zou Yonghong , Yan Liang
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and analyse nusinersen adverse events (AEs) in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to provide comprehensive safety data on nusinersen in real-world.
Methods: Reports on nusinersen were extracted from the FAERS database spanning from January 2017 to December 2023. Disproportionality analysis were performed using reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), to find out the AEs for nusinersen. Additionally, we described the time-to-onset (TTO) of AEs.
Results: The study retained the 227 preferred terms (PTs) identified by all four algorithms. Important AEs such as traumatic lumbar puncture, neuromuscular scoliosis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure increased, neurological procedural complication, mechanical ventilation complication, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, CSF protein increased, procedural anxiety, arachnoid cyst, chronic respiratory failure and sudden infant death syndrome. The median TTO for nusinersen AEs was 119.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 14–492 days). More than 32.01% of AEs occurred after one year.
Conclusion: Our signal detection of nusinersen reportedsome potential signals of uncommon AEs, which could aid in risk identification and clinical monitoring.
Association of ADAMTS-5 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Gao Shan , Jia Menglong , Wang Jingwei , Sun Qiankun , Liu Fangxiu , Yu Longtan , Guo YanXing , Li Nianhu , Wei Lei
Published: June 2024

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent type of arthritis and the main reason for the progressive disability in middle-aged and older people. Studies of candidate genes may provide a novel insight and treatment strategy for KOA. The aim of this study was to investigated the relationship between knee osteoarthritis (KOA) susceptibility and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the ADAMTS-5 gene.
Materials and methods
The case group included 188 patients from Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital with clinically and radiographically diagnosed primary KOA, and the control group included 100 age-matched individuals without KOA. Fifteen ADAMTS-5 SNPs were assayed using MALDI-TOF MS. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies were compared between the groups. The relationship between genotype distribution and risk of KOA was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.
Results
The frequency of A allele in rs2249350 site in the KOA group was significantly lower (odds ratio [OR]: 0.761; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.612–0.947; P = 0.016), while that of C allele was higher than that in the control group (OR: 1.176; 95% CI: 1.025–1.351; P = 0.016). AA genotype and gene model, especially recessive gene model at rs2249350 locus, negatively correlated with KOA risk after adjustment for sex, body mass index, age, and occupation (AA vs. CC: OR: 0.288; 95% CI: 0.124–0.669; P = 0.004; AA vs. CA + CC: OR: 0.348; 95% CI: 0.162–0.749; P = 0.007). Meanwhile, one protective haplotype, GA (rs229054, rs2249350) (OR: 0.763; 95% CI: 0.614–0.949; P = 0.017), and one high-risk haplotype, GC (rs229054, rs2249350) (OR: 1.259; 95% CI: 1.032–1.537; P = 0.019), were found in this study.
Conclusion
Despite a limited sample size, our study suggests that the rs2249350 polymorphism in the ADAMTS-5 gene is one of the genetic factors influencing the risk of KOA. The A allele and AA genotype of rs2249350 may protect from KOA, whereas C allele and CC genotype increase the risk of KOA. In addition, the GA haplotype (rs229054, rs2249350) might be associated with a decreased risk of KOA, whereas the GC haplotype (rs229054, rs2249350) may be a risk factor for KOA. Additional larger-sized studies in more ethnically diverse populations are needed to confirm these findings.
Tying the knot between morphology and development: Using enamel-knot determined dental morphology to study the evolution of molarization in hoofed mammals
Authors: Ashbaugh Austin J. , Jamniczky Heather A. , Theodor Jessica M.
Published: June 2024

Molariform teeth have fascinated zoologists for as long as the field of evolutionary biology has existed, but few mammalian groups show as much morphological variation as hoofed mammals. Ungulate premolars and molars function together as the post-canine unit in grinding mastication. The degree of similarity of the premolars to the molars in crown complexity varies wildly across dietary ecologies and similar morphologies are refered to as molarized. However, the vast majority of dental complexity evolution research over the past 30 years has focused on molar crown morphogenesis evolution rather than interregional dental phenomena such as molarization. Dental crown complexity in vertebrates is controlled by signalling centers known as enamel knots in all regions of the jaw. In this study we tested whether applying current knowledge of enamel knot driven crown morphogenesis to shape covariation across the premolar molar boundary would inform potential mechanisms of molarization in hoofed mammals. We used 2D geometric morphometrics to study enamel-knot driven covariation at the lower premolar molar boundaries of 16 artiodactyl and 18 perissodactyls species. Phylogenetically informed modularity analyses were used to test several a-priori morphogenetic hypotheses describing different developmental interactions between the premolars and molars. Our results showed artiodactyls and perissodactyls significantly differ in their premolar molar boundary covariation caused by heterochronic shifts between premolar and molar development. To our knowledge, our study is the first to contribute a comprehensive yet accesible 2D morphometric method to produce heuristic results for further investigating the evolution of molarized premolars.
Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging: An Investigation into Effective Machine Learning Techniques for Charging Management
Authors: Sharma Purnima K , Sathiyanarayanan Mithileysh , Zurek-Mortka Marta
Published: June 2024

The impact on the power grid can be reduced by using smart charging systems to manage the charging of electric vehicles in a more organized and effective manner. Demand response programs, where charging stations may connect with the power grid and modify their charging rate according on the demand for electricity at that moment, are one example of a smart charging solution. This may reduce the need for expensive infrastructure upgrades and balance the strain on the electricity system. In order to balance the electricity grid, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology can potentially be deployed. The difficulties posed by electric vehicle charging stations are being addressed through the implementation of smart charging solutions and machine learning techniques. A possible strategy to reduce voltage fluctuation, load variance, and improve power quality is predicting when to offer rapid charging depending on power demand. Finding the best model that can accurately predict the fast-charging times can be done by using ML algorithms like Kernel-Support Vector Machine, Random Forest Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree Classifier, Naive Bayes, Artificial Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory, XGBoost, and CatBoost. The three most effective ML models were picked for this paper: Random Forest Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, and XGBoost. The top model, XGBoost, known for its enhanced performance, was chosen based on the findings.
Climate change threatens shallow Arctic infaunal blue carbon stocks
Authors: Silberberger Marc
Published: June 2024

In the light of high carbon dioxide emissions and the progressing climate change, blue carbon solutions and climate feedback loops have received much attention. Here I study biological traits of Mollusca along a latitudinal gradient to demonstrate that outstanding high biomass stocks in shallow (< 150m) Arctic fjord sediments are associated with large, long-lived suspension feeders that play only minor roles at greater depth and fjords in sub-Arctic and temperate climate zones. Using the latitudinal gradient as space-for-time surrogate, the results suggest that climate change will cause decreasing blue carbon stores in Arctic fjords and that a positive climate feedback loop exists.
Advancing Wood Quality with Convective Vacuum Drying and its Influence on Multiple Properties of Mangifera Indica L. Timber
Authors: . Nishant , Pathak Ashutosh , Upreti N. K.
Published: June 2024

This study looks into the effects of convective vacuum drying on the timber quality of Mangifera indica L. timber, focusing on drying rate, drying time, and mechanical, physical, and anatomical properties. Convective vacuum drying significantly reduced the moisture content of mango wood from 93.10% to 8–12% within approximately 99 hours, enhancing its physical and mechanical properties. The process yielded wood with no visual defects, increased basic density, reduced volumetric shrinkage, and improved mechanical strength metrics such as modulus of elasticity and rupture. Anatomical changes included reductions in vessel and fiber dimensions. The improvements observed suggest that convective vacuum drying is a useful technique for improving the quality of M. indica L. wood, increasing its suitability for a range of industrial uses.
Determinants of smallholder farmers choice of adaptation strategies in response to the impacts of climate variability in the Ayehu watershed, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Bitew Abebe Biresaw , Minale Amare Sewnet
Published: June 2024

Adapting to climate variability is crucial for sustainable livelihoods in developing countries like Ethiopia, where rain-fed agriculture underpins the economy. This study aims to evaluate both indigenous and introduced adaptation measures across different agroecological zones, along with their determining factors. Data was collected from 338 farm households using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The Weighted Average Index (WAI) was used to identify the most significant adaptation methods employed by farm households in various agroecological zones, while the Problem Confrontation Index (PCI) assessed the barriers hindering the implementation of these strategies. The multinomial logit model (MNL) was utilized to investigate the factors affecting farmers' choices of adaptation strategies. The results indicated that the most popular indigenous adaptation strategies were planting local crop varieties (WAI = 2.22), crop diversification (WAI = 2.15), and adjusting planting dates (WAI = 2.14). The introduced adaptation strategies included using inorganic fertilizers (WAI = 2.64), applying improved crop varieties (WAI = 2.41), and using pesticides and herbicides (WAI = 2.24). PCI results revealed that the major barriers to adapting to climate variability were limited farm size (PCI = 694), lack of access to climate information (PCI = 641), poor soil quality (PCI = 639), lack of irrigation facilities (PCI = 623), and high input costs (PCI = 610). The logit model identified several significant factors influencing farmers' preferences for adaptation measures, such as crop failure, credit availability, recurrent drought, climate variability perception, agroecological location, and household income. The study underscores the importance of understanding local-level factors that influence farmers' adaptation strategies to enhance their resilience to climate variability.
A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Shahid Aniqa , Jones Bradley R. , Duncan Maggie C. , MacLennan Signe , Dapp Michael J. , Kuniholm Mark H. , Aouizerat Bradley , Archin Nancie M. , Gange Stephen , Ofotokun Igho , Fischl Margaret A. , Kassaye Seble , Goldstein Harris , Anastos Kathryn , Joy Jeffrey B. , Brumme Zabrina L.
Published: June 2024

Hypermutated proviruses, which arise in a single HIV replication cycle when host antiviral APOBEC3 proteins introduce extensive G-to-A mutations throughout the viral genome, persist in all people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). But, the within-host evolutionary origins of hypermutated sequences are incompletely understood because phylogenetic inference algorithms, which assume that mutations gradually accumulate over generations, incorrectly reconstruct their ancestor-descendant relationships. Using >1400 longitudinal single-genome-amplified HIV env-gp120 sequences isolated from six women over a median 18 years of follow-up − including plasma HIV RNA sequences collected over a median 9 years between seroconversion and ART initiation, and >500 proviruses isolated over a median 9 years on ART − we evaluated three approaches for removing hypermutation from nucleotide alignments. Our goals were to 1) reconstruct accurate phylogenies that can be used for molecular dating and 2) phylogenetically infer the integration dates of hypermutated proviruses persisting during ART. Two of the tested approaches (stripping all positions containing putative APOBEC3 mutations from the alignment, or replacing individual putative APOBEC3 mutations in hypermutated sequences with the ambiguous base R) consistently normalized tree topologies, eliminated erroneous clustering of hypermutated proviruses, and brought env-intact and hypermutated proviruses into comparable ranges with respect to multiple tree-based metrics. Importantly, these corrected trees produced integration date estimates for env-intact proviruses that were highly concordant with those from benchmark trees that excluded hypermutated sequences, indicating that the corrected trees can be used for molecular dating. Use of these trees to infer the integration dates of hypermutated proviruses persisting during ART revealed that these spanned a wide age range, with the oldest ones dating to shortly after infection. This indicates that hypermutated proviruses, like other provirus types, begin to be seeded into the proviral pool immediately following infection, and can persist for decades. In two of the six participants, hypermutated proviruses differed from env-intact ones in terms of their age distributions, suggesting that different provirus types decay at heterogeneous rates in some hosts. These simple approaches to reconstruct hypermutated provirus' evolutionary histories, allow insights into their in vivo origins and longevity, towards a more comprehensive understanding of HIV persistence during ART.
Exploring the Roles of lncRNAs MZF1-AS1 and MEG9 in Breast, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancer Development: Regulation of LCN6 in Fatty Acid Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zoofaghari Mohammad Hassan , Sharifani Mohammad Sharif , Ghandi Mahsa , Zare Sanaz , Yazdani Shantia , Fekri Sina , Ghahi Ghazaleh Sheikhi , Jazi Golnaz Enayat , Shirdeli Sayedeh Zahra , Rezaei Mohammad , Azadeh Mansoureh
Published: June 2024

Background
The discovery of cancer biomarkers is pivotal for early diagnosis, therapeutic planning, and patient monitoring, offering a molecular insight into tumor characteristics. This study aimed to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer (BC), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) using a systems biology approach.
Methods
High-throughput gene expression analysis was conducted using the limma package in R Studio on datasets GSE134359, GSE54129, and GSE81558. Potential non-coding regulatory factors were identified through RNA and protein interaction analyses. Interaction networks were visualized with Cytoscape. Pathway enrichment analysis (Reactome) and survival analysis (GEPIA2) were utilized to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of selected RNAs. The findings were validated using qRT-PCR experiments on GC, BC, and CRC samples.
Results
Bioinformatics analyses revealed significantly low expression of LCN6 in BC, CRC, and GC samples. Interaction analysis showed that lncRNAs MEG9 and MZF1-AS1 physically interact with LCN6 mRNA. Gene expression analysis using ENCORI indicated dysregulation of MEG9 and MZF1-AS1 in BC, CRC, and GC samples. Correlation analysis uncovered novel relationships between the expression of these lncRNAs and mRNA in the three cancer types. ROC analysis suggested that LCN6 and MZF1-AS1 are potential biomarkers for GC and CRC, while MEG9 could serve as a robust diagnostic biomarker for BC, CRC, and GC. Significant positive correlations were observed between MZF1-AS1 and MEG9 with LCN6 in BC samples and between LCN6 and MEG9 in GC samples, but no correlation was found in CRC samples.
Conclusion
LncRNAs MZF1-AS1 and MEG9 may regulate the expression of LCN6 in the "transport of fatty acid" signaling pathway, potentially influencing the risk of BC, GC, and CRC through this regulatory mechanism.