bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-situ variable stiffness strategy for a planar tensegrity manipulator using quadratic programming
Authors: Chen Yanghui , Luo Jiahui , Liu Jiafu , Xu Xiaoming , Jiang Jianping , Chu Weimeng
Published: February 2025

Tensegrity manipulators are rigid-flexible coupling elastic mechanisms with complex stiffness characteristics. By changing the prestress levels of tensile cables, the manipulators become versatile mechanisms with variable stiffness, offering both improved carrying capacity and significant compliance. However, it is difficult to achieve the desirable pose and desired stiffness simultaneously for tensegrity manipulators due to the strong correlation between the equilibrium pose and the prestress state. This paper proposes an in-situ variable stiffness strategy for the dual-triangle planar tensegrity manipulator (DTPTM), which can change the manipulator's stiffness without changing its pose. First, a static model is developed for the tensegrity manipulator under external constraints in terms of natural coordinates. Then, the tangent stiffness matrix is derived and reduced based on the statics model and the corresponding null space matrix. By constructing the objective function, the variable stiffness strategy is established as a quadratic programming problem to vary the stiffness of all joints. Based on the numerical results, we analyze the range of variable stiffness for the dual-triangle tensegrity (DTT) module and discuss the feasibility of the variable stiffness strategy. Finally, the variable stiffness strategy is verified by various simulation results and validated by hardware experiments of the 2-degree-of-freedom manipulator prototype.
Heart2Heart: a digital peer support programme for people with heart disease: protocol for a community-based, investigator-blinded randomised controlled trial conducted in Australia
Authors: Redfern Julie , Li Emily , Maiorana Andrew , Zecchin Robert , Hyun Karice K , Shi Wendan , Weddell Joseph , Liang Shuang , Candelaria Dion , Briffa Tom , Bauman Adrian , Figtree Gemma , Hackett Maree L , Law Chi Kin , Tu Qiang , Lindley Richard , Gallagher Robyn
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Cardiac rehabilitation is known to reduce morbidity and improve quality of life in people living with heart disease, however, adherence, access and completion of these programmes is suboptimal. Peer support may offer an opportunity to close this service gap. The aim of the study is to determine whether the effectiveness of a digital peer support programme for people living with heart disease is effective in improving social connectedness, clinical and patient-reported outcomes and experience measures.

Methods and analysis

Heart2Heart is a community-based randomised controlled trial with 6 months follow-up for the primary outcome and 6 and 12 months for secondary outcomes. Approximately 752 adults with a diagnosis of heart disease in the past 12 months will be recruited from the general community and Australian cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Control group will participate in usual care, while intervention group will have access to a 6 months intervention that enables peer support via an interactive mobile application, in addition to usual care. The intervention includes online discussion groups, access to resources and facilitated conversations with health professionals. Primary outcome is social connectedness at 6 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes (6 and 12 months) will be all-cause/cardiovascular disease hospital admissions, all-cause mortality, lifestyle (sufficiently physically active, not smoking, sufficient fruit and vegetable consumption), proportion taking prescribed medications and health service utilisation (medical appointments, cardiac rehabilitation, participation in any other in-person peer support activities). Patient-reported outcome and experience measures including self-efficacy, quality of life, satisfaction and programme engagement will be analysed at 6 months. Process measures will include application analytics, barriers and facilitators to engagement with the intervention from participant’s perspective. An intention-to-treat analysis will be used.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical clearance was obtained from Western Sydney Local Health District Ethics Committee. Heart2Heart has potential to improve social connectedness and provide a valuable addition to traditional cardiac rehabilitation.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12624000386538.
Characteristics, outcomes and complications among nonagenarians and centenarians admitted to intensive care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Suh Je Min , Raykateeraroj Nattaya , Churilov Benjamin , Pilcher David , Bellomo Rinaldo , Lee Dong Kyu , Weinberg Laurence
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Nonagenarians and centenarians, compared with other age groups, often exhibit distinct physiological characteristics and a higher prevalence of comorbidities, thus further complicating their care in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Despite the increasing number of such patients being admitted to ICUs, comprehensive research and studies on their characteristics, outcomes and complications during their ICU stays remain lacking. This scoping review will comprehensively address the following question: What are the characteristics, outcomes, complications and mortality rates among nonagenarians and centenarians admitted to ICUs, including their preadmission health status, reasons for admission, duration of hospital/ICU stays, and factors associated with adverse outcomes? The key objectives are to map the breadth and depth of the available evidence and identify key concepts, gaps and variations in research focus. Finally, we aim to highlight well-studied areas suitable for systematic synthesis, point to underexplored topics warranting further investigation and propose standardised approaches to research design and reporting in this domain.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. All studies and publications reporting data on patients aged ≥90 years will be included, from an unlimited timeline to 31 August 2024. Studies reporting the characteristics, outcomes and complications of nonagenarians and centenarians admitted to ICUs will be included. The data will be analysed and summarised descriptively through a narrative approach. Qualitative data related to quality-of-life outcomes will be analysed thematically, as applicable.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was not required. The findings will be disseminated through professional networks, conference presentations and publications in scientific journals.
Development of a core outcome set for paediatric achalasia: a joint ERNICA, ESPGHAN and EUPSA study protocol
Authors: Neville Jonathan J , den Uijl Iris , Irvine Willemijn , Eaton Simon , Gottrand Frederic , Hall Nigel J
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Achalasia is a rare disease in children. Studies investigating the efficacy of interventions and disease outcomes in paediatric achalasia are predominantly retrospective, consist of small cohorts and report heterogeneous outcomes. The variation in the use and definition of reported outcomes impedes meta-analysis, which is problematic in a rare paediatric condition. Similarly, there is a risk of under-reporting patient-relevant outcomes, such as quality of life. To overcome these issues, a minimum set of important and patient-relevant outcomes should be reported in all studies of paediatric achalasia. Core outcome sets (COS) are a standardised set of outcomes that can guide further research and facilitate data pooling and meta-analysis. The development of a COS in rare paediatric disease is essential, prior to conducting efficacy studies or creating a disease registry, to ensure that the most important outcomes are reported. Currently, no COS exists for children with achalasia. In this study, we aim to define a COS for paediatric achalasia for use in clinical research.

Methods and analysis

This study will consist of three parts. The first will be a systematic review of the literature, evaluating the outcomes and outcome definitions reported in published clinical research studies investigating paediatric achalasia. Second, a three-stage Delphi consensus process will be undertaken to identify and prioritise outcomes. This process will involve healthcare professionals, patients and parent representatives. Third, a consensus meeting will be held, during which the final COS will be defined.

Dissemination

The results of this study will be disseminated to stakeholders via the European Reference Network for Rare Inherited Congenital Anomalies, European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, European Paediatric Surgeons’ Association, and patient groups. The COS will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and uploaded to the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative website.

Trial registration number

The study was pre-registered with the COMET initiative in July 2024 (https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/2568). The systematic review component of the study was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024509855).
Improving stroke pathway efficiency: outcomes of a quality improvement collaborative across a national stroke network
Authors: Walsh Roisin , Nowlan Naomi , Griffin Emma , McElroy Sinead , O'Grada Colm , Power Sarah , O'Hare Alan , Crockett Matthew , Thornton John , Nicholson Patrick
Published: February 2025

Background

Timely endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is crucial for improving outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study evaluated the effectiveness of a national quality improvement collaborative (QIC) in reducing process times for potential EVT candidates across a national stroke network.

Methods

A pre-post intervention design using a modified Breakthrough Series approach was implemented across 24 hospitals. Multidisciplinary teams participated in monthly learning sessions and action periods focused on reducing ‘Door to Decision’ (time from hospital arrival to EVT decision) to under 30 min. Mixed-effects linear models and mixed-effects ANOVA were used to analyse the impact of the QI program on Door to Decision and Door to CT times, comparing intervention and control cohorts.

Results

The QI program significantly reduced Door to Decision time in the intervention cohort by 15.9% (p<0.001) from a mean of 92.8 min to 78.9 min. Door to CT time also decreased by 15.6% (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control cohort. Mixed-ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect for both Door to Decision (p<0.004) and Door to CT (p<0.04), indicating that the QI program impacted these times as compared with the control group. The QIC effectively improved the efficiency of stroke care pathways across a national stroke network. This effect was sustained across the network and over time. This success was facilitated by a bottom-up approach, fostering collaboration and shared learning within and across hospitals.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a collaborative, network-wide QI program in reducing critical process times for AIS patients. Continued efforts to sustain these improvements and optimize stroke care pathways are warranted.
Remarkable fossils on unremarkable bedding planes? The role of true substrates in the fossil record of the Ediacaran macrobiota
Authors: McMahon William J. , Liu Alexander G. , Veenma Yorick P. , Vixseboxse Philip B. , Boddy Catherine E.
Published: February 2025

Strata from the late Ediacaran Period (∼579-539 Ma) host fossils of Earth's earliest assemblages of diverse macroscopic organisms: the Ediacaran macrobiota. Many Ediacaran macrobiota taxa are preserved as cast-and-mould impressions of wholly soft-bodied organisms on the tops or bases of beds (termed here ‘Ediacaran Impression Fossils’, or EIFs). Occurrences of EIFs are frequently interpreted to preserve
in situ
palaeocommunities representative of original ecosystems. Observations of the bed-scale sedimentology associated with EIFs in the Mistaken Point Formation of Newfoundland (Avalon-type biota), Rawnsley Quartzite of South Australia (White Sea-type biota) and Kuibis/Schwarzrand subgroups of Namibia (Nama-type biota) suggest
in situ
burial was favoured in scenarios of high sediment supply and concentrations, in conjunction with elevated aggradation rates, which together suppressed local turbulence and limited erosional scour. The resulting fossiliferous surfaces can be regarded as true substrates - surfaces preserving the sediment-water interface in instances where intervals of sedimentary stasis were succeeded by depositional events without associated erosion. We here examine key factors that underpin true substrate construction against the record of
in situ
EIFs in space and time and discuss the implications of considering EIFs within a true substrate framework. Our assessments highlight several points: 1) EIF preservation is facilitated in the first instance by routine compound sedimentation states where the state immediately preceding the burying bed was one of stasis, with any post-deposition modification (e.g., following decomposition of the entombed organic matter) only minimally impacting the final record; 2) Burial may occur at any stage of community colonization, growth, shifts in morphology in response to environmental triggers, functional collapse, or individual decay and degradation; 3) True substrates hold variable amounts of stratigraphic time, complicating comparison of community ecology between different Ediacaran biotic assemblages; and 4) The availability and accessibility of certain sedimentary facies more amenable to true substrate preservation will impact the apparent distribution of the Ediacaran macrobiota. Future research on Ediacaran impression fossils requires consideration of sedimentation regimes and bed construction to decouple biases inherent to these processes from genuine biological signals.
LFIZW-GRHFMR: Robust Zero-Watermarking with GRHFMR for Light Field Image
Authors: Wen Wenying , Ye Yu , Yuan Ziye , Qiu Baolin , Hua Dingli
Published: February 2025

Light field (LF) image data potentially involves a lot of sensitive information about users. Its transmission channel breaches could compromise user privacy and implicate illegal activities. Therefore, the confidentiality and integrity of LF image data transmission are crucial. However, most of the existing watermarking techniques may not adequately consider the confidentiality and integrity authentication of LF image data transmission. To address this problem, this paper employs Generic Radial Harmonic Fourier Moments in Radon space (GRHFMR) to propose a robust zero-watermarking scheme of the LF image, called LFIZW-GRHFMR. Specifically, the radial harmonic Fourier coefficients of sub-aperture images (SAIs) of LF image are calculated by taking into full consideration the characteristics of the GRHFMR variable weight basis function, and then the corresponding watermarks are combined to generate zero-watermarks with stronger robustness. For yielding more watermarking information and enhancing security authentication, the 32 key SAIs of LF image at a sampling rate of 0.5 are selected to act with GRHFMR. Meanwhile, the key SAIs are converted as video streaming with high efficiency video coding for transmission to improve the data transmission efficiency. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LFIZW-GRHFMR outperforms the latest watermarking methods.
Efficacy and Safety of Stellate Ganglion Block for Treating Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wei Ying , Xiong Jian , Li Xiao , Ling Fayang , Zhao Yi , Sun Yuxin , Yao Jin , Hu Jinqun , Yang Liyuan , Liu Yu , Qi Wenchuan , Liang Fanrong
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is aimed at assessing the clinical efficacy and safety of stellate ganglion block (SGB) for angina pectoris (AP).

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang databases were comprehensively searched for RCTs investigating SGB treatment for AP. The retrieval time was from the establishment date of each database to October 10, 2024. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to determine the methodological quality. Review Manager 5.4 software was employed for data analysis, and GRADEpro GDT software was utilized to evaluate the quality of evidence.

Results: Ultimately, six RCTs were included, encompassing 373 patients with angina. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was moderate, with the evaluation of evidence quality showing 12 low‐quality and five extremely low‐quality studies. The meta‐analysis results demonstrated that compared with the control group, the experimental group had lower frequency and duration of AP, visual analog scale score, heart rate, detection rate of S‐T segment elevation ≥ 0.1 mV on electrocardiogram (ECG) after 24 h of treatment, detection rate of abnormal T waves on ECG after 24 h of treatment, and S‐T segment displacement on ECG after treatment. Furthermore, the experimental group exhibited lower serum Cardiac Troponin I levels, a decreased incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and rehospitalization, and improved clinical efficacy. However, none of the included studies reported SGB‐related adverse events.

Conclusion: SGB is effective in alleviating myocardial injury and reducing the incidence of AMI and rehospitalization in patients with AP. Nevertheless, the limited number and relatively low quality of included studies emphasize the requirement for more high‐quality research to verify these conclusions.
Factors Affecting the Outcome of Vitrectomy With Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Myopic Foveoschisis
Authors: Yang Lie , Wang Jialin , Zhao Lu , Zhou Zhuohua , Huang Yingxiang , Wang Yanling
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To evaluate the short‐ and long‐term effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on visual acuity and macular morphology in myopic foveoschisis (MF) patients and to identify potential prognostic factors.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with MF who underwent PPV with ILM peeling by the same senior fundus surgeon at Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022. The peeling was strategically centered on the macular fovea, extending to encompass the superotemporal and inferotemporal vascular arcades. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to screen out the prognostic factors.

Results: 36 eyes of 36 consecutive patients were analyzed in total. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 1.10 ± 0.61 logMAR to 0.78 ± 0.58 logMAR (p = 0.031). 23 eyes (63.89%) had postoperative BCVA improved ≥ 2 Snellen lines. The mean central fovea thickness (CFT) decreased from 427.14 ± 255.91 μm to 155.85 ± 67.33 μm (p < 0.001). 18 and 16 eyes achieved partial and complete retinal reattachment, respectively, as follows. The twelfth month postoperatively was a threshold to influence the resolution of MF significantly, but it did not affect the visual outcome. Multiple logistic regression showed CFT (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.013, p value = 0.034) remained significant to predict the complete retina resolution. For visual acuity, integrated ellipsoid zone (EZ) band (OR = 0.239, 95% CI = 0.073, 0.783, p value = 0.018) might be a significant predictive factor. Subgroup analysis further indicated that in eyes with an intact EZ band, a poorer baseline BCVA was associated with an increase in postoperative BCVA (p = 0.015). Conversely, in those with disrupted EZ band, all included factors showed no significant difference.

Conclusion: The study observed trends in the recovery pattern of the retina following surgery and suggested potential factors that may be associated with improvements in both visual acuity and retinal reattachment. The findings may offer some guidance to ophthalmic surgeons in considering the timing of surgery, although further research is needed to confirm these trends as definitive predictors.
Selenium Nanoparticles Decorated With Stevioside Potentially Attenuate Fructose Palmitate Induced Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Li Shuai , Yang Hui , Zhou Wenjun , Wang Ruoting , Li Likang , Zhang Changfa , Zhang Jingyi , Liu Yingxin , Huang Zhi , Li Guowei
Published: February 2025

The excessive accumulation of lipid droplets within hepatocytes stands as a hallmark characteristic of metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Selenium (Se) nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered considerable attention for their notable bioavailability, minimal toxicity, and exceptional antioxidant properties. However, a critical limitation lies in the propensity of SeNPs to aggregate into the biologically inactive elemental Se, thereby constraining their utility. Here, we utilized Stevioside (SV), a natural sweetener, to modify SeNPs and obtained the SV‐SeNPs with a size of about 187 ± 7 nm. We aimed to investigate the effect of SV‐SeNPs on high fructose–palmitate (HFP) induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Noteworthy is the absence of overt cytotoxicity attributed to SV‐SeNPs on normal HepG2 cells. Of significance, our findings delineate the profound inhibitory effects of SV‐SeNPs on the expression of key genes implicated in de novo lipogenesis, such as fatty‐acid synthase (FASN), acetyl‐CoA‐carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase–1 (SCD1) within HFP‐induced HepG2 cells. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that SV‐SeNPs mediate a significant reduction in lipid accumulation by activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling cascades. Additionally, the antioxidative properties of SV‐SeNPs are underscored by their ability to counteract oxidative stress via the upregulation of two pivotal antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx). In conclusion, our study unveils the potential beneficial effects of SV‐SeNPs on the prevention and treatment of MAFLD by effectively suppressing lipid accumulation and ameliorating oxidative stress.
Nutrition during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Perumal Nandita , Gernand Alison D.
Published: February 2025

Background:: The “first 1,000 days” – the duration of pregnancy and the first 2 years of life – is widely recognized as a sensitive period of early life, with implications for health and developmental outcomes throughout the life course. Optimal nutrition during pregnancy is therefore essential to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and support healthy life trajectories. Summary:: This narrative review summarizes the physiological changes during pregnancy and how these changes affect the energy and nutrient requirements in pregnancy to support maternal, placental, and fetal development and tissue accretion. Recommendations for weight gain and macro- and micronutrient requirements during pregnancy are summarized along with the current evidence.
Structural neuroimaging correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ramirez Meghan K. , Phipps Connor J. , Murman Daniel L. , Beadle Janelle N. , Phatak Vaishali S. , Warren David E.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) such as increased apathy, affective symptoms, psychosis and hyperactivity are common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are associated with increased disease severity and caregiver burden. In contrast to well-characterized associations between AD-related cognitive deficits and focal neuropathology (e.g., memory and hippocampal atrophy), fewer studies have focused on associations between NPS-brain associations in AD. Furthermore, studies focusing on MRI measures of gray matter (GM) abnormalities associated with NPSs in AD have not been systematically reviewed. Methods: To address this gap, a systematic literature review was undertaken to identify articles that assessed structural brain differences associated with NPSs in AD. This review identified 29 such articles that tested associations between NPSs and gray matter loss (GML: reduced GM density, reduced GM volume, decreased cortical thickness, etc.). Results: Across all NPSs, most symptoms were associated with GML the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe highlighting key limbic/limbic adjacent structures including orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal regions. Other regions exhibiting associations included the superior and middle temporal gyri as well as anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Conclusion: Understanding how GM changes in the brain relate to NPSs in AD may not only improve our understanding of NPSs and AD but may also provide help to identify homologies/correspondence with brain changes in psychiatric diseases.
Clinical, genomic, and neurophysiological correlates of lifetime suicide attempts among individuals with an alcohol use disorder
Authors: Barr Peter B. , Neale Zoe , Chatzinakos Chris , Schulman Jessica , Mullins Niamh , Zhang Jian , Chorlian David B. , Kamarajan Chella , Kinreich Sivan , Pandey Ashwini K. , Pandey Gayathri , Saenz de Viteri Stacey , Acion Laura , Bauer Lance , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Chan Grace , Dick Danielle M. , Edenberg Howard J. , Foroud Tatiana , Goate Alison , Hesselbrock Victor , Johnson Emma C. , Kramer John R. , Lai Dongbing , Plawecki Martin H. , Salvatore Jessica , Wetherill Leah , Agrawal Arpana , Porjesz Bernice , Meyers Jacquelyn L.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Research has identified multiple risk factors associated with suicide attempt (SA) among individuals with psychiatric illness. However, there is limited research among those with an alcohol use disorder (AUD), despite their disproportionately higher rates of SA.
Methods: We examined lifetime suicide attempt in 4,068 individuals with an AUD from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (23% lifetime SA; 53% female; mean age: 38). We explored risk for lifetime SA across other clinical conditions ascertained from a clinical interview, polygenic scores (PGS) for comorbid psychiatric problems, and neurocognitive functioning.
Results: Participants with an AUD who attempted suicide had greater rates of trauma exposure, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, other substance use disorders (SUD), and suicidal ideation. Polygenic scores for suicide attempt, depression, and PTSD were associated with increased odds of reporting a suicide attempt (ORs = 1.22 – 1.44). Participants who reported a SA also had decreased right hemispheric frontal-parietal theta and decreased interhemispheric temporal-parietal alpha electroencephalogram resting-state coherences relative to those who did not, but differences were small.
Conclusions: Overall, individuals with an AUD who report lifetime SA experience greater levels of trauma, have more severe comorbidities, and carry increased polygenic risk for other psychiatric problems. Our results demonstrate the need to further investigate suicide attempts in the presence of SUDs.
Study of the biomechanical and histological properties of the thoracic aorta of diabetic rats and exposed to cigarette smoke.
Authors: Barão Felipe T. de Freitas , Silvestre Gina C. Rocha , Silva Alexandre Queiroz , da Silva Erasmo Simão
Published: February 2025

Aortic aneurysm (AA) is clinically important, but its causes remain unclear. Smoking is consistently linked to AA, while diabetes shows a negative association despite being a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Biomechanical and histological studies of the aortic wall may provide insights. In our study, 75 rats were divided into control, smoker, diabetic, and diabetic smoker groups. After exposure to smoking and diabetes induction, thoracic aorta samples were collected. Biomechanical tests showed lower resistance in diabetic smokers compared to smokers alone. Histological analysis revealed no significant differences in collagen, elastic fibers, or inflammation. Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity also showed no significant variation. Despite risk factors, the thoracic aorta may be resilient to aneurysm development, as indicated by its biomechanical properties.
Synchronous double primary malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Carmicheal Joseph , Johnson Kurtis C. , Neilsen Beth K. , Shonka Nicole , Zhang Chi , Baine Michael
Published: February 2025

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer and has a propensity to metastasize to the brain. It is incredibly difficult to distinguish between a primary brain lesions and a solitary metastasis from distant occult disease using current imaging techniques. Further, complications arise from the shifting paradigm in how medicine views NSCLC brain metastasis due to contemporary non-surgical curative treatments and the recent increase in the number of multiple primary malignancy (MPM) diagnoses associated with NSCLC. There is a dearth of reports regarding synchronous double primary malignancies involving separate lung and brain pathologies. Importantly, understanding the underlying cancer etiology is necessary for efficacious treatment strategy.
Case Presentation: A 65-year-old white male patient presented with node-positive NSCLC and a solitary intracranial lesion. The lung mass responded favorably to chemoradiotherapy while the brain lesion continued to progress despite stereotactic radiosurgery treatment. Subsequent resection of the brain lesion, conducted eight months after initial presentation, surprisingly revealed a second primary cancer diagnosis of glioblastoma (GB). Unfortunately, despite revision of systemic therapeutic strategy, the patient continued to progress through treatment and ultimately died 16 months after the initial diagnosis.
Conclusions: Herein is the third report regarding synchronous double primary malignancies involving non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC and GB. This report of an assumed metastatic NSCLC patient with a solitary brain lesion, history of smoking, and COPD underscores the need for pathological confirmation of all new presentations of metastatic disease via biopsy and highlights the importance of including the possibility of a second primary in the differential diagnosis. Additional reports of NSCLC and synchronous solitary brain lesions are needed to further elucidate pertinent patient characteristics and better inform clinical decision making.
The Association Between Green Tea Consumption and Cognitive Function: A Meta-Analysis of Current Evidence
Authors: Zhou Shiyao , Zhu Yating , Ren Na , Wu Mishan , Liu Yu
Published: February 2025

Background: Tea is widely consumed around the world, with green tea showing potential protective effects against cognitive decline, as indicated by multiple studies. These effects are thought to stem from its polyphenols and neuroprotective properties. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze recent observational research on the link between green tea consumption and the risk of cognitive impairment. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for observational studies published between September 2004 and September 2024. The relationship between green tea consumption and cognitive impairment was summarized using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, the study conducted subgroup analyses, assessed heterogeneity, evaluated publication bias, and performed sensitivity analyses. Results: Eighteen studies were included, comprising a total of 58,929 participants. The quality of these studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and overall, the quality was found to be high. The random-effects meta-analysis indicated that green tea consumption was inversely associated with cognitive impairment OR 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54–0.73), with the greatest benefit observed in individuals aged 50–69 years. Subgroup analysis showed protective effects for dementia OR 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.92) and mild cognitive impairment OR 0.64 (95% CI: 0.43–0.96). Additionally, a significant reduction in the risk of cognitive impairment was observed in Asian populations, whereas no such association was found in European populations. Both women OR 0.51 (95% CI: 0.28–0.95) and men OR 0.47 (95% CI: 0.28–0.80) showed significant associations. High consumption groups had reduced cognitive impairment risk OR 0.63 (95% CI: 0.50–0.82). Conclusions: Green tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment, suggesting potential cognitive benefits. However, large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to confirm dose-response relationships and long-term effects. Future studies should also investigate the long-term effects of green tea and its role in personalized nutrition based on genetic predispositions.
Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Public Health Strategies
Authors: Matsuda Takahisa , Fujimoto Ai , Igarashi Yoshinori
Published: February 2025

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health issue, ranking as the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) report the highest incidence rates, driven by dietary and lifestyle factors. In contrast, low to middle HDI countries are experiencing rising CRC rates due to urbanization and westernization. Japan exemplifies this shift, with increasing CRC incidence linked to the adoption of westernized diets. Despite advances in screening and treatment, CRC-related mortality remains substantial, with 53,088 deaths reported in Japan.
Summary: This review examines global and regional CRC trends, focusing on incidence, mortality, and risk factors such as genetic predispositions, diet, and lifestyle influences. The review highlights the growing burden of CRC in Japan and other regions where dietary changes and urbanization are prevalent. Key findings include the significant impact of processed foods, sugary beverages, obesity, alcohol, and smoking on CRC risk, as well as the protective effects of vitamin D, calcium, and fermented foods. The role of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and diabetes in CRC risk is also discussed. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of public health initiatives, including organized screening programs, in mitigating the CRC burden.
Key Messages: Understanding the interplay between genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. Enhancing CRC screening, early detection, and public health interventions can significantly reduce CRC-related mortality. Continued research and collaboration are essential for advancing CRC prevention and improving global health outcomes.
A cohort study of the long-term influences of SARS-CoV-2 on kidney allograft outcomes in Chinese recipients: 1-year follow-up experience
Authors: Ji Yisheng , Fei Shuang , Ji Hongsheng , OuYang Fan , Ding Runmin , Sun Li , Chen Hao , Ju Xiaobing , Tao Jun , Han Zhijian , Du Mulong , Wang Zijie , Tan Ruoyun , Gu Min
Published: February 2025

Introduction: To investigate the long-term effects of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.
Methods: A 1-year retrospective study was carried out among 362 domestic kidney transplant recipients who were divided into observational (COVID-19) and control groups. Stratification analysis was then carried out to investigate whether repeated infections and infection severity could influence graft prognosis. Kaplan-Meier curves assessed 1-year graft survival, while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared graft function and laboratory parameters. Generalized estimating equations and repeated measures ANOVA confirmed the magnitude of the impact of COVID-19 on kidney grafts. Generalized logistic regression and Cox regression established a model for analyzing COVID-19 risk factors. Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed for validation.
Results: Exposure of COVID-19 had a significant effect on graft function within 1 year (P<0.001), and this kind of effect was mostly brought by severer infections in the stratification analysis regarding graft survival rate (P<0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level (P<0.001), and 1-year eGFR slope (P=0.014). Diagnostic model showed tacrolimus patients less likely to get severe COVID-19 than cyclosporine (P=0.004). Hyperglycemia (P=0.004) and low hemoglobin (P=0.023) adverse for severe pneumonia. Hemoptysis, hypo lymphopenia, high procalcitonin, and ferritin linked to poor allograft outcomes with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Conclusions: COVID-19 severity linked to poor kidney allograft prognosis. Hyperglycemia, low hemoglobin, and drug protocols including cyclosporine rather than tacrolimus correlated with COVID-19 pneumonia. Hemoptysis, low lymphocytes, high procalcitonin or ferritin were concerned with kidney allograft prognosis post-COVID-19.
Histamine Promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Renders Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms More Resistant to Gentamicin and Azithromycin.
Authors: Dib Karim
Published: February 2025

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms contribute to the persistent presence of this bacterium in the cystic fibrosis airways. P. aeruginosa produces histamine in vitro and expresses histamine receptors. We investigated whether histamine regulated P. aeruginosa biofilm formation in vitro and contributed to bacterial virulence in Galleria mellonella. Subject and Methods: P. aeruginosa biofilms were measured by staining bacteria adhered on polystyrene with crystal violet. Histamine concentrations were measured by ELISA. G. mellonella survival upon inoculation with P. aeruginosa was measured in the absence or presence of histamine. Results: The concentration of histamine in the BHI broth was 140 ng/ml (1.3 M). Addition to the broth of diamine oxidase (DAO), an enzyme that catabolizes histamine, reduced by ~ 3-fold the concentration of histamine and by 2-fold PAO1 strain biofilms. Addition of histamine (10-9 M - 10-4 M) to the LB medium augmented P. aeruginosa biofilms. Maximum effects were observed with concentrations of 10-5 M and 10-8 M for the mucoid NH57388A strain and the PAO1 strain, respectively. DAO reduced mucoid NH57388A biofilms induced by histamine (10-4 M) added to the LB medium. Addition of histamine to 48 h formed biofilms reduced anti-biofilm activities of gentamicin and azithromycin. Inoculation of G. mellonella with the PAO1 strain led to augmented histamine concentration in the haemolymph. Inoculation of histamine (10-8 M) reduced the survival rate of G. mellonella infected with the PAO1 strain. Conclusion: Histamine produced during periods of infection may augment P. aeruginosa virulence by promoting the biofilm mode of life of this bacterium.
Treatment effects of combined transoral injection laryngoplasty with short voice therapy in patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility – a pilot study
Authors: Marti Silvan , Bohlender Joerg E. , Brockmann-Bauser Meike
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Injection laryngoplasty (IL) in combination with short voice therapy (SVT) has been recommended in unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI). This pilot study investigated functional voice changes, age, and time-to-treatment effects in UVFI after transoral IL with hyaluronic acid (HA) and SVT.
Methods: 17 adults with UVFI (mean age: 61 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Outcome measures were the Voice Handicap Index 9i (VHI-9i), perceptual Grading-Roughness-Breathiness-Asthenia-Strain (GRBAS) Scale, voice range profiles (VRP) of the speaking, calling, and singing voice, maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter, and the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI). T-tests and Wilcoxon tests evaluated treatment effects; age and time-to-treatment effects on the magnitude of change were assessed by Spearman’s correlation.
Results: There were significant improvements in VHI-9i and GRBAS scale overall G, R, B, and A. Mean speaking and mean calling sound pressure level (SPL), maximum singing SPL, and mean calling fundamental frequency (f0) increased, while the DSI and jitter improved. Time-to-treatment significantly affected the magnitude of change in mean speaking and maximum singing SPL, singing SPL range, jitter, and DSI; age influenced minimum speaking f0 only.
Conclusion: Transoral IL with SVT significantly improves subjective, perceptual, and instrumental acoustic voice outcomes in UVFI. Improvement of speaking and calling VRP after IL have not been previously documented. Our findings suggest that early treatment is beneficial for mean speaking loudness, maximum singing SPL, singing SPL range, jitter, and the DSI. More research is needed to examine the influence of time-to-treatment and age, and also to what extent SVT contributes to treatment effects.
Meanings of Sexuality in Marriage and Their Associated Factors
Authors: Hien Le Thu , Truong Nguyen Phu , Thao Ta Thi
Published: February 2025

This cross-sectional study examines the meanings of marital sexuality among 180 Vietnamese couples aged 20–40, and their associated factors. The meanings of marital sexuality included: sex as an indicator of couple cohesion and personal image, sex as a reproductive means, and sex as a means for personal pleasure. The results show that the longer the marriage, the higher the level that couples agreed on marital sexuality as a reproductive means and sexual pleasure. The number of children and premarital sex significantly predicted the agreements of marital sexuality as an indicator of couple cohesion and personal image. Being younger and having been married for a longer time were found to be the significant predictors of agreements on marital sexuality as a reproductive means and a means for personal pleasure. The study results highlight the importance of sexuality and its perceived meanings among married couples, and its practical implications in couple counseling and family therapy.
The value of precipitation forecasts to anticipate floods
Authors: Busker Tim , van den Hurk Bart , de Moel Hans , Aerts Jeroen C.J.H.
Published: February 2025

Recent disasters have highlighted the severe local impacts of extreme precipitation, including flash floods, landslides, and urban inundation. Despite significant investments in early-warning systems, these events often catch many people off-guard, emphasizing the need for better translation of warnings into early actions. In this study, we directly address this gap by translating precipitation forecasts from the ECMWF, specifically the Extreme Forecast Index (EFI) and Shift of Tails (SOT), to concrete triggers for early action. Our analysis reveals that such actions, triggered with a 2 to 3-day lead time, have a high Potential Economic Value (PEV) across large parts of Europe. The SOT forecasts generally have higher economic value than EFI, especially at longer lead times. However, the effectiveness of both disappears across most of Europe with a 5-day lead. These results are based on comparing forecasts to the E-OBS dataset for extreme rainfall (> 5-year return period) over 8 years. We apply the optimal warning thresholds found in this analysis to the rainfall event that triggered the July 2021 Western Europe flood disaster. Our results indicate that the EFI and SOT forecasts provided accurate and timely warnings at least 2-3 days in advance, aligning with flood impacts recorded in the EM-DAT dataset. Notably, on a 1-day lead time, the SOT forecasts accurately pointed to the Ahr catchment in Germany with highly exceptional values, providing strong indications of the disaster that unfolded there. This study underscores the value of these rainfall indicators and calls for further testing on more high-impact events.
Measurement of the Service Trade Cost Between China and RCEP Countries and Its Impact on Global Value Chains
Authors: Chu Xiaofei , Li Wenlong , Wang Meng , Li Leyi
Published: February 2025

This article measures the trade cost in services between China and Regional Comprehensive Partnership Agreement (RCEP) countries from 2005 to 2021 using the Novy gravity model and analyses the impact of services trade costs on the participation of RCEP countries using a two-way fixed-effects model. The results show that bilateral service costs show a downward trend, but the external effects of service costs are quite significant. The impact of services trade costs on the global value chain (GVCs) is negative, suggesting that reducing services trade costs can facilitate countries’ participation in GVCs. The impact of various factors on GVC participation (GVCPAR) is also markedly heterogeneous across countries. Based on the conclusions of the research results, three recommendations are finally put forward to provide some support for RCEP countries to reduce the cost of trade in services and increase the participation in GVCs.

JEL Codes: F14, F13, F60
Utilization of Psychiatric Clinical Rating Scales in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Descriptive Study in a Naturalistic Setting
Authors: Ranganathan Pranesh Ram , Ramasamy Sureshkumar
Published: February 2025

Background:

Considering the importance of clinical rating scales in psychiatric evaluation and their academic relevance, this study assessed the extent to which they were utilized in a tertiary care teaching hospital during patients’ hospital stays.

Methods:

We did a consecutive sampling of patients’ records and retrieved data from medical records of the patients admitted with the diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), and depressive disorder in the psychiatry wards. Data regarding the use of clinical rating scales (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)) each week was collected and analyzed accordingly.

Results:

Out of 50 case records retrieved, the majority (60%) were male. The sample mean age was 37.76 ± 12.78 years. Forty percent of the sample records had schizophrenia, 38% had BPAD-mania, and 22% had depressive disorders. The sample had an average inpatient hospital stay of 17.68 ± 8.25 days. At baseline, only 54% were administered respective clinical rating scales. At the end of the first week, 42% were assessed using clinical rating scales. At the end of the second and third weeks, only 35.9.1% and 13.3% of patients were monitored by rating scales, and the utilization rate declined further, with a downward slump in subsequent weeks.

Conclusions:

Utilization of clinical rating scales was found to be low in our tertiary care teaching hospital. Postgraduate trainees need more exposure and formal training in applying psychiatric rating scales for better patient care.
Where There's Smoke, There's Stigma? Written Expressions About Individuals with Lung Cancer Reveal Cultural and Language Differences
Authors: Ong Zhen Mei Esther , Jones Liz , Occhipinti Stefano
Published: February 2025

We investigated how Australians and Hong Kong Chinese respondents describe individuals with lung cancer, examining the impact of culture and language on public discourse and stigma expression. A total of 303 participants ( NAus = 176; NHK = 127) were recruited from a commercial panel provider to complete an online survey. Participants were presented with a vignette describing a hypothetical lung cancer patient and asked to provide their impressions through open-ended written responses. Content coding revealed seven main themes: Warmth, Competence, Morality, Bad luck, Poor health behaviors, Ordinary, and No judgments, with both similarities and differences in participants’ written expressions across cultures. The language Hong Kongers used to respond influenced response patterns, with English responses resembling Western norms of Australians. These findings demonstrate how both culture and the language a person uses influence how people express stigma. By understanding these cultural nuances public health strategies can better support people from diverse backgrounds.