bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depresión en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer en una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia
Authors: Llorente Yolima Judith , Macea Tejada Beatriz Adriana , Herrera Herrera Jorge Luis
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the level of depression in patients diagnosed with cancer in an IV level institution in Monteria, Colombia.Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. The Zung scale instrument for depression and a sociodemographic data card were applied in patients diagnosed with cancer, attending a specialized institution of IV level of complexity in the city of Monteria.Results: The most common cancers were: breast cancer 22.2%; and colon and uterus equal representation 18.2%. Regarding depression, 49.5% were slightly depressed; moderately depressed 15.7%; severely depressed 1% and normal range 33.8%. Cases of depression in their different categories according to the Zung scale were found in patients with colon and breast cancer.Conclusions: It was found that in total 65.2% of the patients had some degree of depression. Depression in patients with cancer is a common phenomenon in people with this condition and incidence is similar in men and women, in turn this depends on factors such as the type and severity of cancer, age and access to support networks both for the person and the family.

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de depresión en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer en una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó el instrumento escala de Zung para depresión y una cédula de datos sociodemográficos en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer, asistentes a una Institución especializada de IV nivel de complejidad de la ciudad de Montería. Resultados: Los tipos de cáncer más comunes fueron: el de mama 22,2%; y colon y útero igual representación 18,2%. En cuanto a la depresión se encontró ligeramente deprimido 49,5%; moderadamente deprimido 15,7%; severamente deprimido 1% y rango normal 33,8%. Los casos de depresión en sus diferentes categorías según la escala de Zung fueron encontrados en pacientes con cáncer de colon y mama.Conclusiones: Se encontró que en total 65,2% de los pacientes presentaban algún grado de depresión. La depresión en pacientes con cáncer es un fenómeno común en las personas con este padecimiento e incidencia es similar en hombres y mujeres, a su vez esta depende de factores tales como el tipo y severidad del cáncer, la edad y el acceso a redes de apoyo tanto para la persona como a la familia.
Factores sociodemográficos y prenatales asociados a la anemia en gestantes peruanas
Authors: Ortiz Montalvo Yonathan Josué , Ortiz Romaní Katherine Jenny , Castro Trujillo Belisa Sandy , Nuñez Revilla Sandra Christine , Rengifo Balta Gladys Lucila
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the association between sociodemographic and prenatal factors with anemia in Peruvian pregnant women.Method: Secondary analysis of the ENDES 2017 sample. The sample consisted of pregnant women between 15 and 49 years old. The dependent variable was iron deficiency anemia and the independent variables were sociodemographic and prenatal factors. For the bivariate analysis. prevalence ratio was calculated.Results: Regarding sociodemographic factors and anemia, pregnant women with a higher educational level have less possibility of presenting anemia (PR: 0,91; 95% CI: 0,42-1,96; p = 0,041). On the other hand, among the obstetric and prenatal factors associated with anemia were: initiate prenatal control in the third month (PR: 1,4; 95% CI: 0,74-1,58, p = 0,03) and be found in the second trimester of pregnancy ( PR: 1,35, 95% CI: 0,74-1,58; p = 0,04). While pregnant women who have more children (PR: 0,87; 95% CI: 0,78-0,97; p = 0,02) are less likely to have anemia.Conclusion: The higher educational level and having more children are protective factors of anemia. The start of prenatal control from the third month and the second trimester of pregnancy were associated with the presence of anemia in pregnant women.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre los factores sociodemográficos y prenatales con la anemia en gestantes peruanas.Método: Análisis secundario de la muestra ENDES 2017. La muestra fue de 639 gestantes entre 15 a 49 años. La variable dependiente fue la anemia ferropénica y las variables independientes fueron los factores sociodemográficos y prenatales. Para el análisis bivariado se calculó la Razón de prevalencia. Resultados: Respecto a los factores sociodemográficos y la anemia, las gestantes con un nivel educativo superior tienen menos posibilidad de presentar anemia (PR: 0,91; IC 95%: 0,42-1.96; p= 0,041). Por otro lado, entre los factores obstétricos y prenatales asociados a la anemia fueron: iniciar el control prenatal en el tercer mes (PR: 1,4; IC 95%: 0,74-1,58; p= 0,03) y encontrarse en el segundo trimestre de embarazo (PR: 1,35; IC 95%: 0,74-1,58; p= 0,04). Mientras que las gestantes que tienen más hijos (PR: 0,87; IC 95%: 0,78-0,97; p= 0,02) tienen menos posibilidad de presentar anemia.Conclusión: El nivel educativo superior y tener más hijos son factores protectores de la anemia. El inicio de control prenatal a partir del tercer mes y el segundo trimestre de gestación se asociaron con la presencia de anemia en las gestantes.
PARAMETRI SITUACIONOG POSTIGNUĆA KAO POKAZATELJI ŠUTERSKE EFIKASNOSTI U KOŠARCI
Authors: Gardašević Novica , Ćeremidžić Dejan , Marković Miloslav
Published: October 2019

U istraživanju čiji su predmet bili situacioni pokazatelji efikasnosti u košarci, primijenjena je regresiona analiza sa ciljem utvrđivanja uticaja prediktorskog sistema od 18 varijabli situacione efikasnosti, na kriterijsku varijablu ukupnog postotka šuta na utakmici. Uzorak u ovom istraživanju predstavljalo je29 košarkaških utakmica, KK Budućnost iz Podgorice (Crna Gora) odigranih u ABA ligi za sezonu 2017/18 godini. Dobijenim rezultatima je utvrđeno da prediktorski sistem sa gotovo 100% uspješnosti predviđa ishod ukupne efikasnosti postotka šuta na utakmici. Pojedinačno gledano, došlo se do zaključka da će efikasnost šuta na utakmici isključivo zavisi od parametara situacione efikasnosti šuta za jedan, dva i tri poena. Takođe, utvrđeno je da ostali parametri za praćenje situacione efikasnosti u košarci, predviđeni od strane FIBA-e, nemaju uticaj na analiziranu kriterijsku varijablu. Generalno se moglo zaključiti da je za KK Bududoćnost iz Podgorice, u sezoni 2017/18 napad bio najbolja odbrana.
RELATIONS OF MOTOR ABILITY WITH SITUATION-MOTOR ABILITY OF YOUNG FOOTBALLERS
Authors: Ćeremidžić Dejan
Published: October 2019

The main objective of this research is to determine the correlation of motor skills and situationalmotorskills of young footballers aged 9 to 10 years. The relationship between predictor variables andcriterion variables is determined by regression analysis. A statistically significant connection of thespace of motor skills with a criterion variable has been established. Observing the individualconnection of the variables with the criterion, only the variable sprint 10 meters with a high start hasachieved a statistically significant connection.
PARAMETERS OF A SITUATION ACHIEVEMENT AS INDICATORS OF SHOOTER EFFICIENCY IN A BASKETBALL
Authors: Gardašević Novica , Ćeremidžić Dejan , Marković Miloslav
Published: October 2019

In the research, which subject was the situation indicators of basketball efficiency, regression analysiswas applied in order to determine the impact of the predictor system of 18 variables of situationalefficiency on the criterion variable of the total percentage of shots in the match. The sample in thisresearch was 29 basketball matches, KK Budućnost from Podgorica (Montenegro) played in the ABALeague for the 2017/18 season. The obtained results have determined that the predictor system withalmost 100% of success predicts the outcome of the overall efficiency of the percentage of shots at thematch. Individually speaking, it was concluded that the effectiveness of the shots in the match willsolely depend on the parameters of the situational efficiency of one, two and three points shot. Also, itwas concluded that other parameters for monitoring the situational efficiency in basketball, providedby FIBA, have no impact on the analyzed criterion variable. In general, it could be concluded that forKK Buducnost from Podgorica, in the season 2017/18 the offense was the best defense.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ASTHE PREDICTORS OF SITUATIONAL SUCCESSFUL IN THE WATER POLO
Authors: Janjić Boris , Gardašević Novica , Trivun Milomir
Published: October 2019

At the sample of 39 water polo players, aged 12 years (± 6 months), the research was conducted todetermine the impact of morphological characteristics on the situational performance in the waterpolo. In this paper, a set of 12 anthropometric measures as a predictor set of variables was applied,while the criterion variables were situational motor tests; swimming speed at 25 meters with andwithout a ball, vertical jump from the water and side swimming 8 times 2.5 meters. On the basis of theobtained results it was concluded that the morphological characteristics significantly influenced theperformance of situational motoric tasks in water polo, depending on the test from 39% to as much as71%. The most significant applied variables from the morphological space of water polo players werevariables; the volume of the thorax, the height of the body, the width of the hand and the foot with apositive effect, while the weight of the body and the subcutaneous fatty tissue were aggravating factorsfor the performance of situational motoric tasks for the 12-year-old water polo players.
THE RELATION BETWEEN ESTIMATED MOTOR SKILLS WITH FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREENING AND PERFORMANCE OF GYMNASTIC ELEMENTS ON THE FLOOR ROUTINE AND THE VAULT
Authors: Jovanović Saša , Ljubojević Adriana , Novaković Violeta
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research was to verify the FMS (Functional Movement Screening) method as apredictor of success in performing gymnastic elements on the floor routine and vault, on aselected sample composed of 36 male subjects aged 20 - 22 years, students of Faculty ofPhysical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka. A battery of 11 motor skills tests wasassessed: 7 at floor routine (side-to-side and front-to-back cartwheel, roundoff, front and backhandspring, forward and backward flip) and 4 on vault (squat through on the vault and straddlevault with pre-flight, front handspring on vault, roundoff vault) together with FMS resultsall results received normal distribution and a relatively low average FMS value(14.313), which according to many authors is near the limit of the risk of injury (14). The overallresults of the correlation analysis indicated statistically significant relationship between FMSand variables PRENAZ (0.049) and SALNAZ (0.038) at significance level of0.05, while the applied regression analysis gave general information on the prediction modelthat showed statistical significance of 0.03 with the predictor variable FMS at the level of significance0.05. Observing the values of the determination coefficients R2, it was establishedthat the FMS method can predict the performance of the selected gymnastic elements on thefloor routine and the vault as an integral model, explaining about 96% of the common variabilitywith a criterion, representing a significant statistical value.
INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND EMPLOYMENT ON THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE MONTENEGRIN PENSION SYSTEM
Authors: Radović Milivoje , Rogić Sunčica , Cerović Božo
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research is to analyze theimpact of employment on the sustainability of theMontenegrin pension system. The paper discusses the impactof demographic trends on the stability of pension systemfinancing. The stability projection of the pension system isbased on demographic trends and the change in the level ofemployment on the labor market. The research methodincluded the analysis of extensive statistical material, theresearch of the latest published papers regarding thesubject, as well as a comparative overview of the pensionsystems of the transition economies.Research of demographic trends indicates that in the firsthalf of the 21st century, the population aging process will beone of the most important features of Montenegro'sdemographic development. The aging of the population willaffect the increase in costs for dependents or persons over65 years old, primarily those costs that are being distributedfrom current fiscal revenues.Current pension system is financially unsustainable in shorttermand medium-term, given the rate of activity on thelabor market (53.7%) and employment (44%). In order forthe existing system to be sustainable, the activity level of thepopulation should be 61% and the level of employmentshould amount to 51%. By analyzing the projectionalternatives, we note that the sustainability of the pensionsystem in the long run requires intensive economic growthand development that will lead to an increase in long-termlabor market activity as well as a smaller increase in thenumber of pensioners and an increase in inflows fromcontributions. Thus, this should all lead to a reduction in thedeficit of the pension system.
Discrete viral E2 lysine residues and scavenger receptor MARCO are required for clearance of circulating alphaviruses
Authors: Carpentier Kathryn S , Davenport Bennett J , Haist Kelsey C , McCarthy Mary K , May Nicholas A , Robison Alexis , Ruckert Claudia , Ebel Gregory D , Morrison Thomas E
Published: October 2019

The magnitude and duration of vertebrate viremia is a critical determinant of arbovirus transmission, geographic spread, and disease severity. We find that multiple alphaviruses, including chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River (RRV), and o’nyong ‘nyong (ONNV) viruses, are cleared from the circulation of mice by liver Kupffer cells, impeding viral dissemination. Clearance from the circulation was independent of natural antibodies or complement factor C3, and instead relied on scavenger receptor SR-A6 (MARCO). Remarkably, lysine to arginine substitutions at distinct residues within the E2 glycoproteins of CHIKV and ONNV (E2 K200R) as well as RRV (E2 K251R) allowed for escape from clearance and enhanced viremia and dissemination. Mutational analysis revealed that viral clearance from the circulation is strictly dependent on the presence of lysine at these positions. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized innate immune pathway that controls alphavirus viremia and dissemination in vertebrate hosts, ultimately influencing disease severity and likely transmission efficiency.
Improved annotation of Lutzomyia longipalpis genome using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Yang Zhiyuan , Wu Ying
Published: October 2019

Lutzomyia longipalpis, a sand fly, is a vector-spreading pathogenic protozoan in the New World. MicroRNA (miRNA) is evolutionarily-conserved non-coding RNA, which plays critical roles in various biological processes. To date, the functions of most proteins in L. longipalpis are unknown, and few studies have addressed the roles of miRNAs in this species. In the present study, we re-annotated the protein-coding genes and identified several miRNAs using a set of comparative genomics tools. A large number of L. longipalpis proteins were found to be homologous with those in the mosquito genome, indicating that they may have experienced similar selective pressures. Among these proteins, a set of 19 putative salivary proteins were identified, which could be used for studying the transmission of Leishmania. Twenty-one novel miRNAs were characterized, including two miRNAs, miR-4113-5p and miR-5101, which are unique to L. longipalpis. Many of the targets of these two genes were found to be involved in ATP hydrolysis-coupled proton transport, suggesting that they may have important roles in the physiology of energy production. Topology analysis of the miRNA-gene network indicated that miR-9388-5p and miR-3871-5p regulate several critical genes in response to disease development. In conclusion, our work provides a basis for improving the genome annotation of L. longipalpis, and opens a new door to understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms in this species.
Impacts of deletion and ichthyosis prematurity syndrome‐associated mutations in fatty acid transport protein 4 on the function of RPE65
Authors: Li Songhua , Green John F. , Jin Minghao
Published: October 2019

The retinal pigment epithelium‐specific 65 kDa (RPE65) isomerase plays a pivotal role in photoreceptor survival and function. RPE65‐catalyzed synthesis of 11‐cis‐retinol from all‐trans‐retinyl esters in the visual cycle is negatively regulated, through a heretofore unknown mechanism, by the fatty acid transport protein FATP4, mutations in which are associated with ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS). Here, we analyzed the interaction between deletion mutants of FATP4 and RPE65 and the impacts of IPS‐associated FATP4 mutations on RPE65 expression, 11‐cis‐retinol synthesis, and all‐trans‐retinyl ester synthesis. Our results suggest that the interaction between FATP4 and RPE65 contributes to the inhibition of RPE65 function and that IPS‐associated nonsense and missense mutations in FATP4 have different effects on the visual cycle.
Paper‐Like, Thin, Foldable, and Self‐Healable Electronics Based on PVA/CNC Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Kim Jung Wook , Park Heun , Lee Geumbee , Jeong Yu Ra , Hong Soo Yeong , Keum Kayeon , Yoon Junyeong , Kim Min Su , Ha Jeong Sook
Published: October 2019

The facile fabrication of thin and foldable self‐healing electronics on a poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystal (PVA/CNC) composite film is reported. The self‐healing property of the PVA/CNC nanocomposite film can be activated by spraying water on the film surface, via dynamic formation of hydrogen bonding. The self‐healing efficiency of PVA/CNC is influenced by the content of CNC in the film, pH of the spraying solution, and the temperature. Via vacuum filtration and pattern transfer techniques, both a supercapacitor and a temperature sensor are fabricated on the same PVA/CNC film using gold nanosheet (AuNS) and polyaniline/multiwalled nanotube (PANI/MWCNT) electrodes. The fabricated supercapacitor with a gel‐type electrolyte exhibits a high electrochemical performance, and the thermoresistive temperature sensor shows a linear sensitivity with a fast response. Both devices exhibit superior mechanical stability and self‐healing property over 100 repetitive folding and five repetitive healing cycles, respectively, retaining the device performance owing to the percolated network of the conductive materials. This work demonstrates that our paper‐like thin PVA/CNC film‐based self‐healable devices can serve as highly durable and deformable electronics with longevity.
Oil‐Based Self‐Healing Barrier Coatings: To Flow and Not to Flow
Authors: Yu Zhilong , Lim Alane T. O. , Kollasch Shannon L. , Jang Hee Dong , Huang Jiaxing
Published: October 2019

Localized corrosion involves the selective attack of a metal at a small, exposed site. This can be particularly devastating for load‐bearing structures, which can fail catastrophically even with very little material loss. Unfortunately, local corrosion is difficult to prevent, predict, and detect. Corrosion can be prevented by barrier coatings, however, imperfections such as pinholes and scratches, can expose small areas of metal and eventually lead to localized corrosion. Herein, a new strategy for self‐healing, damage‐tolerant coatings that can mitigate localized corrosion is presented. The new self‐healing system consists of microcapsule‐thickened low‐viscosity oil and exhibits length scale‐dependent viscosity. Macroscopically, the coating is viscous due to the formation of a 3D particle network, which allows it to stick to vertical metal surfaces against gravity and turbulent flow. Microscopically, the oil exhibits low viscosity and can rapidly flow to damaged areas to re‐establish the particle network. The coating exhibits remarkable barrier properties and protects metal from corrosion for a long time. Moreover, the coating is able to repeatedly self‐heal over the same area hundreds of times over. The strategy described here illustrates how contradicting material properties (e.g., viscosity) co‐exist in a “smart” material system by accommodating them at different length scales.
Emerging Self‐Emissive Technologies for Flexible Displays
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Huang Tianyu , Duan Lian
Published: October 2019

Featuring a combination of ultrathin and lightweight properties, excellent mechanical flexibility, low power‐consumption, and widely tunable saturated emission, flexible displays have opened up a new possibility for optoelectronics. The demands for flexible displays are growing on a continual basis due not only to their successful commercialization but, more importantly, their endless possibilities for wearable integrated systems. Up to now, self‐emissive technologies for displays, flexible active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diodes (flex‐AMOLED), flexible quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (flex‐QLEDs), and flexible perovskite light‐emitting diodes (flex‐PeLEDs) have been widely reported, but despite the significant progress made in these technologies, enormous obstacles and challenges remain for the vision of truly wearable applications, in particular with flex‐QLEDs and flex‐PeLEDs. Here, a review of the recent progress of all three self‐emissive technologies for flexible displays is conducted, including the emissive active materials, device structures and approaches to manufacturing, the flexible substrates, and conductive electrodes, as well as the encapsulation techniques. The fast‐paced improvement made to the efficiency of flexible devices in recent years is also summarized. The review concludes by making suggestions on the future development in this area, and is expected to help researchers in gaining a comprehensive understanding about the newly emerging technologies for flexible displays.
Phase Transition and Superconductivity Enhancement in Se‐Substituted MoTe2 Thin Films
Authors: Li Peiling , Cui Jian , Zhou Jiadong , Guo Dong , Zhao Zhenzheng , Yi Jian , Fan Jie , Ji Zhongqing , Jing Xiunian , Qu Fanming , Yang Changli , Lu Li , Lin Junhao , Liu Zheng , Liu Guangtong
Published: October 2019

Consecutively tailoring few‐layer transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 from 2H to Td phase may realize the long‐sought topological superconductivity in a single material system by incorporating superconductivity and the quantum spin Hall effect together. Here, this study demonstrates that a consecutive structural phase transition from Td to 1T′ to 2H polytype can be realized by increasing the Se concentration in Se‐substituted MoTe2 thin films. More importantly, the Se‐substitution is found to dramatically enhance the superconductivity of the MoTe2 thin film, which is interpreted as the introduction of two‐band superconductivity. The chemical‐constituent‐induced phase transition offers a new strategy to study the s+− superconductivity and the possible topological superconductivity, as well as to develop phase‐sensitive devices based on MX2 materials.
Quinone‐Based Redox Supercapacitor Using Highly Conductive Hard Carbon Derived from Oak Wood
Authors: Katsuyama Yuto , Nakayasu Yuta , Oizumi Kotaro , Fujihara Yui , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Honma Itaru
Published: October 2019

In this study, the use of biorefined wood materials in the fabrication of organic redox supercapacitors is proposed. Oak‐derived hard carbon (HC) is revealed to have a nanographite domain structure, showing conductivity as high as that of artificial graphite. The CO2‐activated hard carbon (A–HC) has a conductivity one order higher than that of commercial activated carbon, with a surface area of 1126 m2 g−1. The energy densities of supercapacitors composed of a tetrachlorohydroquinone cathode and anthraquinone (AQ) or 1,5‐dichloroanthraquinone (DCAQ) anode are 19.0 and 13.8 Wh kg−1, respectively. The utilization rate of AQ with A–HC is 97.6% (250.9 mAh g−1), which is much higher than those in previous reports (≈80%). After 1000 cycles, 91.0% of the discharge capacity is retained when the DCAQ anode is used. Biorefined wood materials lead to a remarkable improvement in the operation of organic supercapacitors. This is intriguing, because the functional carbon material herein is easily prepared from a natural resource, wood, whereas numerous studies have prepared such materials from artificial chemical sources. Therefore, the use of oak‐derived HC enhances the usability of organic active materials for energy storage devices and potentially has a far‐reaching impact on the environment.
Catalytic Mechanisms and Design Principles for Single‐Atom Catalysts in Highly Efficient CO2 Conversion
Authors: Gong Lele , Zhang Detao , Lin Chun‐Yu , Zhu Yonghao , Shen Yang , Zhang Jing , Han Xiao , Zhang Lipeng , Xia Zhenhai
Published: October 2019

Direct conversion of CO2 into carbon‐neutral fuels or industrial chemicals holds a great promise for renewable energy storage and mitigation of greenhouse gas emission. However, experimentally finding an electrocatalyst for specific final products with high efficiency and high selectivity poses serious challenges due to multiple electron transfer, complicated intermediates, and numerous reaction pathways in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Here, an intrinsic descriptor that correlates the catalytic activity with the topological, bonding, and electronic structures of catalytic centers on M–N–C based single‐atom catalysts is discovered. The “volcano”‐shaped relationships between the descriptor and catalytic activity are established from which the best single‐atom catalysts for CO2 reduction are found. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms, intermediates, reaction pathways, and final products can also be distinguished by this new descriptor. The descriptor can also be used to predict the activity of the single‐atom catalysts for electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in fuel cells and water‐splitting. These predictions are confirmed by the experimental results for onset potential and Faraday efficiency. The design principles derived from the descriptors open a door for rational design and rapid screening of highly efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion as well as other electrochemical energy systems.
Core–shell adsorbents by electrospun MOF‐polymer composites with improved adsorption properties: Theory and experiments
Authors: Armstrong Mitchell R. , Shan Bohan , Winarta Joseph , Mu Bin
Published: October 2019

A new class of core–shell adsorbents has been created by electrospun metal–organic framework (MOF) particles embedded in polymer nanofibers, which have provided many unique properties compared to the existing MOF coating technologies. For the first time, we demonstrate the improved adsorption selectivity of CO2over N2using electrospun polymer/ZIF‐8 adsorbents in experiments. Furthermore, an analytical model based on the assumption that the diffusivity in core is 10 times higher than that in shell is developed to describe the theory of improved selectivity for core–shell adsorbents that is validated against a more accurate finite element model developed in COMSOL. Our model shows three regimes including exclusive shell uptake, linear core uptake, and asymptotic core uptake. These regimes are related to material properties and uptake times, which could be used as design criteria to balance core stability, maximum selectivity, and maximum uptake. An advanced HAADF STEM tomography (MovieS1) shows that the shell thickness in the case of polymer/ZIF‐8 is on the order of 10 nm, allowing the regime of maximum selectivity to be realized. Kinetically limited adsorption tests at 45°C demonstrate that these composite fibers can perform in a regime of selectivity and uptake for the separation of CO2and N2that is unobtainable by either the MOF or fiber independently, showing a great potential for postcombustion CO2capture.
Intensified energetically enhanced steam methane reforming through the use of membrane reactors
Authors: Pichardo Patricia A. , Manousiouthakis Vasilios I.
Published: October 2019

This work focuses on the implementation of membrane reactors (MRs) in the production of hydrogen through steam–methane reforming (SMR). A novel equilibrium MR model featuring Gibbs Free Energy Minimization is introduced and applied to the SMR‐MR process. In addition, the concept of “energetically enhanced steam methane reforming (EER),” which allows for the use of a hybrid (methane combustion/renewable energy) energy supply in the production of hydrogen, is intensified. The UNISIM software (Honeywell™) is used to create a range of intensified flowsheets depicting the proposed IEER‐MR process as well as two baseline flowsheets depicting “a standard SMR‐MR process” and “a fully exothermic EER process.” Heat integration studies are carried out on the developed flowsheets, and the baseline designs are compared to the IEER‐MR designs to identify energetic intensification.
A Simple Organic Molecule Realizing Simultaneous TADF, RTP, AIE, and Mechanoluminescence: Understanding the Mechanism Behind the Multifunctional Emitter
Authors: Zhan Lisi , Chen Zhanxiang , Gong Shaolong , Xiang Yepeng , Ni Fan , Zeng Xuan , Xie Guohua , Yang Chuluo
Published: October 2019

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and mechanoluminescence (ML) have attracted widespread interest. However, a multifunctional organic emitter exhibiting simultaneous AIE, TADF, RTP, and ML has not been reported. Now, two multifunctional blue emitters with very simple structures, mono‐DMACDPS and Me‐DMACDPS, exhibit typical AIE, TADF, and RTP properties but different behavior in mechanoluminescence. Crystal structure analysis reveals that large dipole moment and multiple intermolecular interactions with tight packing mode endow mono‐DMACDPS with strong ML. Combined with the data of crystal analysis and theoretical calculation, the separated monomer and dimer in the crystal lead to the typical TADF and RTP properties, respectively. Simple‐structure mono‐DMACDPS is the first example realizing TADF, RTP, AIE, and ML simultaneously.
Oberflächenstabilisatoren und ihre Rolle bei der formkontrollierten Synthese von kolloidalen Metall‐Nanokristallen
Authors: Yang Tung‐Han , Shi Yifeng , Janssen Annemieke , Xia Younan
Published: October 2019

Oberflächenstabilisatoren werden eingesetzt, um das Wachstum von Keimen zu Nanokristallen mit gut kontrollierbaren Formen zu steuern. Hier wird eine Übersicht über diese Mittel gegeben, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf dem mechanistischen Verständnis ihrer Rolle bei der Steuerung der Formentwicklung metallischer Nanokristalle liegt. Begonnen wird mit einer Einführung in die frühe Geschichte der Oberflächenstabilisatoren, gefolgt von einer Diskussion darüber, wie an der Synthese von Metall‐Nanokristallen beteiligte Stabilisatoren die Thermodynamik und Kinetik beeinflussen. Danach werden Beispiele für Oberflächenstabilisatoren diskutiert, einschließlich ihrer Bindungsselektivität, Wechselwirkung auf molekularer Ebene mit einer Metalloberfläche und Auswirkungen auf das Wachstum metallischer Nanokristalle. Es werden Fortschritte bei der Nutzung von Oberflächenstabilisatoren zur Erzeugung von Nanokristallen mit komplexen Strukturen und/oder zur Verbesserung ihrer katalytischen Eigenschaften beschrieben. Schließlich werden Strategien zum Austausch und zur Entfernung der Stabilisatoren sowie Perspektiven für die zukünftige Entwicklung diskutiert.
Protecting the Lithium Metal Anode for a Safe Flexible Lithium‐Air Battery in Ambient Air
Authors: Liu Tong , Feng Xi‐lan , Jin Xin , Shao Ming‐zhe , Su Yu‐tong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xin‐bo
Published: October 2019

The flexible Li‐air battery (FLAB) with ultrahigh energy density is a hopeful candidate for flexible energy storage devices. However, most current FLAB operate in a pure oxygen atmosphere, which is limited by safety and corrosion issues from the metallic lithium anode and has thus greatly impeded the application of FLAB. Now, inspired by the protection effect of the umbrella, a stable hydrophobic composite polymer electrolyte (SHCPE) film with high flexibility, hydrophobicity, and stability was fabricated to protect the lithium anode. The SHCPE mitigated lithium corrosion and improved the capacity, rate performance, and cycle life (from 24 cycles to 95 cycles) of a battery in the ambient air. Based on the protection of SHCPE and the catalysis of MnOOH, the prepared pouch‐type FLAB displayed high flexibility, stable performances, long cycling life (180 cycles), and excellent safety; the battery can bear soaking in water, high temperature, and nail penetration.
Blocking the Hype‐Hypocrisy‐Falsification‐Fakery Pathway is Needed to Safeguard Science
Authors: Hopf Henning , Matlin Stephen A. , Mehta Goverdhan , Krief Alain
Published: October 2019

In chemistry and other sciences, hype has become commonplace, compounded by the hypocrisy of those who tolerate or encourage it while disapproving of the consequences. This reduces the credibility and trust upon which all science depends for support. Hype and hypocrisy are but first steps down a slippery slope towards falsification of results and dissemination of fake science. Systemic drivers in the contemporary structure of the science establishment encourage exaggeration and may lure the individual into further steps along the hype‐hypocrisy‐falsification‐fakery continuum. Collective, concerted intervention is required to effectively discourage entry to this dangerous pathway and to restore and protect the probity and reputation of the science system. Chemists must play and active role in this effort.
Asymmetric Hybrid Polyoxometalates: A Platform for Multifunctional Redox‐Active Nanomaterials
Authors: Hampson Elizabeth , Cameron Jamie M. , Amin Sharad , Kyo Joungman , Watts Julie A. , Oshio Hiroki , Newton Graham N.
Published: October 2019

Access to asymmetrically functionalized polyoxometalates is a grand challenge as it could lead to new molecular nanomaterials with multiple or modular functionality. Now, a simple one‐pot synthetic approach to the isolation of an asymmetrically functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate in good yield is presented. The cluster bears two organophosphonate moieties with contrasting physical properties: a chelating metal‐binding group, and a long aliphatic chain that facilitates solvent‐dependent self‐assembly into soft nanostructures. The orthogonal properties of the modular system are effectively demonstrated by controlled assembly of POM‐based redox‐active nanoparticles. This simple, high‐yielding synthetic method is a promising new approach to the preparation of multi‐functional hybrid metal oxide clusters, supermolecular systems, and soft‐nanomaterials.
The Application of Fluorine‐Containing Reagents in Structural Proteomics
Authors: Cheng Ming , Guo Chunyang , Gross Michael L.
Published: October 2019

Structural proteomics refers to large‐scale mapping of protein structures in order to understand the relationship between protein sequence, structure, and function. Chemical labeling, in combination with mass‐spectrometry (MS) analysis, have emerged as powerful tools to enable a broad range of biological applications in structural proteomics. The key to success is a biocompatible reagent that modifies a protein without affecting its high‐order structure. Fluorine, well‐known to exert profound effects on the physical and chemical properties of reagents, should have an impact on structural proteomics. In this Minireview, we describe several fluorine‐containing reagents that can be applied in structural proteomics. We organize their applications around four MS‐based techniques: a) affinity labeling, b) activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP), c) protein footprinting, and d) protein cross‐linking. Our aim is to provide an overview of the research, development, and application of fluorine‐containing reagents in protein structural studies.
High‐Throughput Bioassays using “Dip‐and‐Go” Multiplexed Electrospray Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wei Zhenwei , Xie Zhuoer , Kuvelkar Reshma , Shah Vinit , Bateman Kevin , McLaren David G. , Cooks R. Graham
Published: October 2019

A multiplexed system based on inductive nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry (nESI‐MS) has been developed for high‐throughput screening (HTS) bioassays. This system combines inductive nESI and field amplification micro‐electrophoresis to achieve a “dip‐and‐go” sample loading and purification strategy that enables nESI‐MS based HTS assays in 96‐well microtiter plates. The combination of inductive nESI and micro‐electrophoresis makes it possible to perform efficient in situ separations and clean‐up of biological samples. The sensitivity of the system is such that quantitative analysis of peptides from 1–10 000 nm can be performed in a biological matrix. A prototype of the automation system has been developed to handle 12 samples (one row of a microtiter plate) at a time. The sample loading and electrophoretic clean‐up of biosamples can be done in parallel within 20 s followed by MS analysis at a rate of 1.3 to 3.5 s per sample. The system was used successfully for the quantitative analysis of BACE1‐catalyzed peptide hydrolysis, a prototypical HTS assay of relevance to drug discovery. IC50 values for this system were in agreement with LC‐MS but recorded in times more than an order of magnitude shorter.
Difluoro(aryl)(perfluoroalkyl)‐λ4‐sulfanes and Selanes: Missing Links of Trichloroisocyanuric Acid/Potassium Fluoride Chemistry
Authors: Brüning Fabian , Pitts Cody Ross , Kalim Jorna , Bornemann Dustin , Ghiazza Clément , de Montmollin Jean , Trapp Nils , Billard Thierry , Togni Antonio
Published: October 2019

The TCICA/KF approach to oxidative fluorination of heteroatoms has emerged as a surprisingly simple, safe, and versatile surrogate to classically challenging fluorination reactions. Although polyfluorination (or chlorofluorination) of diaryl disulfides, diaryl diselenides, diaryl ditellurides, aryl iodides, and aryl(perfluoroalkyl)tellanes has been described, the application of this TCICA/KF methodology to aryl(perfluoroalkyl)sulfanes and selanes remains an area of unexplored chemical space. Accordingly, to address the “missing links” in the developing series of chalcogen‐based substrate reactivity, we report mild syntheses of metastable difluoro(aryl)(perfluoroalkyl)‐λ4‐sulfanes and selanes. As only limited examples of these species exist in the current literature (accessible only by using F2 or XeF2/HF), we have carried out detailed structural analyses, primarily using NMR and SC‐XRD data. In addition, we investigate the effect of the perfluoroalkyl chain on the outcome of oxidative fluorination, and, finally, we provide preliminary evidence that difluoro(aryl)(trifluoro‐methyl)‐λ4‐sulfanes may act as fluorinating reagents.
Normalized Lithium Growth from the Nucleation Stage for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Nan , Ye Qian , Zhang Kun , Yan Huibo , Shen Chao , Wei Bingqing , Xie Keyu
Published: October 2019

Inducing uniform deposition of lithium from the stage of metal crystallization nucleation is of vital importance to achieve dendrite‐free lithium anodes. Herein, using experiments and simulation, homogenization of Li nucleation and normalization of Li growth can be achieved on PNIPAM polymer brushes with lithiophilic functional groups modified Cu substrates. The lithiophilic functional groups of amide O can homogenize ion mass transfer and induce the uniform distribution of Li nucleation sites. What is more, the ultra‐small space between each brush can act as the channels for Li transportation and normalization growth. Owing to the synergistic effect of homogenization and normalization of electrodeposited Li, the obtained planar columnar Li anode exhibits excellent cycle stability at an ultra‐high current density of 20 mA cm−2.
Strategy for the Construction of Diverse Poly‐NHC‐Derived Assemblies and Their Photoinduced Transformations
Authors: Li Yang , An Yuan‐Yuan , Fan Jian‐Zhong , Liu Xiao‐Xu , Li Xin , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Wang Yao‐Yu , Han Ying‐Feng
Published: October 2019

A series of supramolecular assemblies of types [Ag8(L)4](PF6)8 and [Ag4(L)2](PF6)4, obtained from the tetraphenylethylene (TPE) bridged tetrakis(1,2,4‐triazolium) salts H4‐L(PF6)4 and AgI ions, is described. The assembly type obtained dependends on the N‐wingtip substituents of H4‐L(PF6)4. Changes in the lengths of the N4‐wingtip substituents enables controlled formation of assemblies with either [Ag4(L)2](PF6)4 or [Ag8(L)4](PF6)8 stoichiometry. The molecular structures of selected [Ag8(L)4](PF6)8 and [Ag4(L)2](PF6)4 assemblies were determined by X‐ray diffraction analyses. While H4‐L(PF6)4 does not exhibit fluorescence in solution, their tetra‐NHC (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) assemblies do upon NHC–metal coordination. Upon irradiation, all assemblies undergo a light‐induced, supramolecule‐to‐supramolecule structural transformation by an oxidative photocyclization involving phenyl groups of the TPE core, resulting in a significant change of the luminescence properties.
ortho‐Oxygenative 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Diarylalkynes under Merged Gold/Organophotoredox Relay Catalysis
Authors: Sancheti Shashank P. , Akram Manjur O. , Roy Rupam , Bedi Vaibhav , Kundu Shubhankar , Patil Nitin T.
Published: October 2019

Reported herein is an ortho‐oxygenative 1,2‐difunctionalization of diarylalkynes under merged gold/organophotoredox catalysis to access highly functionalized 2‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)‐2‐alkoxy‐1‐arylethan‐1‐ones. Detailed mechanistic studies suggested a relay process, initiating with gold‐catalyzed hydroalkoxylation of alkynes, to generate enol‐ether followed by a key formal [4+2]‐cycloaddition reaction. The successful application of the present methodology was also shown for the synthesis of benzofurans.
An Embedded Solar‐Powered Irrigation System Based on a Cascaded Fuzzy Logic Controller
Authors: Selmani Abdelouahed , Outanoute Mohamed , Oubehar Hassan , Ed‐Dahhak Abdelali , Lachhab Abdeslam , Guerbaoui Mohammed , Bouchikhi Benachir
Published: October 2019

This study examines the automatization of irrigation tasks of solar photovoltaic water pumping systems (SPVWPS) in greenhouse applications. A prototype of an embedded control system has been developed for SPVWPS battery‐coupled architectures. The new design aims at improving the safety of solar irrigation facility by avoiding the exhaustion of pumping resources (water and energy) while watering. The availabilities of pumping resources are introduced as new requisite inputs of a fuzzy logic‐based control system (FLC) so that it can produce adequate and safe irrigation durations. The FLC design consists of two cascaded devices. The first device uses climate data to estimate durations for watering that satisfy crop needs. The second device uses actual resource levels to evaluate the pumping capacity of the SPVWPS regarding requested durations. Watering is performed whenever the pumping capacity of the system represents more than 25% of the total requirement. Test results from an experimental greenhouse prove the effectiveness of the decision‐making mechanism that prevents scheduling unsuccessful watering tasks.
Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges
Authors: C. Wancura João H. , Tres Marcus V. , Jahn Sérgio L. , de Oliveira José Vladimir
Published: October 2019

Enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel showed advantageous characteristics in relation to other technologies once it works under bland conditions, no generation of wastewater, no occurrence of saponifications reactions and production of a biodiesel with high quality. Although many researches still apply immobilized lipases, the high costs associated with this biocatalyst hamper the economic viability of the process. Lipases in free/soluble/liquid formulation employed to biodiesel production via hydroesterification reaction have attracted interest from researchers because they are more cost effective than the immobilized form, making the enzymatic route more competitive. In addition, soluble lipases present higher reaction rates, reducing the time required to obtain a satisfactory biodiesel yield. Despite the fact that already exist industrial plants producing biodiesel with the assistance of lipases in liquid formulation, results of researches show that the process still needs to overcome some drawbacks. This paper is a comprehensive and critical discussion on the publications where soluble lipases were applied on biodiesel synthesis, as well as the challenges that the technology faces and its current status in pilot and industrial applications.
Granulomatous Inflammation in Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis: Does the Lymphatic System Contribute to Disease?
Authors: Patterson Karen C. , Queval Christophe J. , Gutierrez Maximiliano G.
Published: October 2019

A striking and unexplained feature of granulomatous inflammation is its anatomical association with the lymphatic system. Accumulating evidence suggests that lymphatic tracks and granulomas may alter the function of each other. The formation of new lymphatics, or lymphangiogenesis, is an adaptive response to tumor formation, infection, and wound healing. Granulomas also may induce lymphangiogenesis which, through a variety of mechanisms, could contribute to disease outcomes in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. On the other hand, alterations in lymph node function and lymphatic draining may be primary events which attenuate the risk and severity of granulomatous inflammation. This review begins with an introduction of granulomatous inflammation and the lymphatic system. A role of the lymphatic system in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis is then hypothesized. With a focus on lymphangiogenesis in these diseases, and on the potential for this process to promote dissemination, parallels are established with the well‐established role of lymphangiogenesis in tumor biology.
A highly sensitive molecular structural probe applied to in situ biosensing of metabolites using PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Tan Ellasia , Pappa Anna‐Maria , Pitsalidis Charalampos , Nightingale James , Wood Sebastian , Castro Fernando A. , Owens Róisín M. , Kim Ji‐Seon
Published: October 2019

A large amount of research within organic biosensors is dominated by organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that use conducting polymers such as poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Despite the recent advances in OECT‐based biosensors, the sensing is solely reliant on the amperometric detection of the bioanalytes. This is typically accompanied by large undesirable parasitic electrical signals from the electroactive components in the electrolyte. Herein, we present the use of in situ resonance Raman spectroscopy to probe subtle molecular structural changes of PEDOT:PSS associated with its doping level. We demonstrate how such doping level changes of PEDOT:PSS can be used, for the first time, on operational OECTs for sensitive and selective metabolite sensing while simultaneously performing amperometric detection of the analyte. We test the sensitivity by molecularly sensing a lowest glucose concentration of 0.02 mM in phosphate‐buffered saline solution. By changing the electrolyte to cell culture media, the selectivity of in situ resonance Raman spectroscopy is emphasized as it remains unaffected by other electroactive components in the electrolyte. The application of this molecular structural probe highlights the importance of developing biosensing probes that benefit from high sensitivity of the material's structural and electrical properties while being complimentary with the electronic methods of detection.