bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lack of association between pandemic chilblains and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Gehlhausen Jeff R. , Little Alicia J. , Ko Christine J. , Emmenegger Marc , Lucas Carolina , Wong Patrick , Klein Jon , Lu Peiwen , Mao Tianyang , Jaycox Jillian , Wang Eric ,   Yale IMPACT Team, Ugwu Nelson , Muenker Cate , Mekael Dilgash , Klein Rhonda Q. , Patrignelli Robert , Antaya Richard , McNiff Jennifer , Damsky William , Kamath Kathy , Shon John , Ring Aaron M. , Yildirim Inci , Omer Saad , Ko Albert I. , Aguzzi Adriano , Iwasaki Akiko , Obaid Abeer , Lu-Culligan Alice , Nelson Allison , Brito Anderson , Nunez Angela , Martin Anjelica , Watkins Annie , Geng Bertie , Kalinich Chaney , Harden Christina , Todeasa Codruta , Jensen Cole , Kim Daniel , McDonald David , Shepard Denise , Courchaine Edward , White Elizabeth B. , Song Eric , Silva Erin , Kudo Eriko , DeIuliis Giuseppe , Rahming Harold , Park Hong-Jai , Matos Irene , Nouws Jessica , Valdez Jordan , Fauver Joseph , Lim Joseph , Rose Kadi-Ann , Anastasio Kelly , Brower Kristina , Glick Laura , Sharma Lokesh , Sewanan Lorenzo , Knaggs Lynda , Minasyan Maksym , Batsu Maria , Petrone Mary , Kuang Maxine , Nakahata Maura , Campbell Melissa , Linehan Melissa , Askenase Michael H. , Simonov Michael , Smolgovsky Mikhail , Sonnert Nicole , Naushad Nida , Vijayakumar Pavithra , Martinello Rick , Datta Rupak , Handoko Ryan , Bermejo Santos , Prophet Sarah , Bickerton Sean , Velazquez Sofia , Alpert Tara , Rice Tyler , Khoury-Hanold William , Peng Xiaohua , Yang Yexin , Cao Yiyun , Strong Yvette
Published: February 2022

Significance

Chilblain diagnoses have increased during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and have been attributed to viral infection and a subsequent robust antiviral immune response. As a result, providers have managed these cases differently than idiopathic chilblains, which are associated with cold exposure. The relationship between pandemic chilblains and SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, remains unclear as most patients do not test positive for SARS-CoV-2–specific PCR or antibodies. To better understand this disconnect, we enrolled cases of pandemic chilblains in a study and performed detailed immune profiling of antibody and T cell responses. Additionally, we compared immunohistochemical staining of pandemic chilblains with prepandemic tissues. Our results do not support SARS-CoV-2 as the cause of the increased chilblain incidence.
The monolingual bias
Authors: Genesee Fred
Published: February 2022

The developmental trajectory of monolinguals has often been used as the benchmark against which the progress of
all language learners is assessed and understood, and the abilities of monolinguals are used to define the native-like competence
that is widely cited as the ultimate goal for all language learners. Moreover, language learning standards and curricula to guide
language teaching and learning in school, as well as frameworks and strategies for assessing language learner outcomes in school,
have all been shaped in significant ways by a monolingual bias. In this article, I critically examine assumptions underlying the
monolingual bias and review findings from research on preschool and early-school-age learners who acquire language under diverse
circumstances. Explanations that go beyond the monolingual bias are proposed for findings of differences between children who
learn language under diverse circumstances and monolingual children. I argue that current research supports the view that there
are alternative pathways to becoming language competent.
Environmental safety of the Privolzhsky Federal District: problems and prospects for implementation
Authors: Gavrilov O E , Eremeeva S S , Karaganova N G , Kazakov A V , Dimitriev A V
Published: February 2022

At the present stage, an important part of the social development of both the country as a whole and its individual territorial entities is its sustainable development. There is no one who doubts that a high level of socio-economic development also puts forward society increased demands in the field of ecology, protection and quality of the environment. Sustainable development of any territorial entity presupposes the integration of economic, environmental and social issues and should solve the following main tasks: maintaining economic growth, social development, effective solution of environmental protection problems, rational use and reproduction of natural resources. First of all, this is due to the growing environmental hazard for the territory, nature and society and, as a result, ensuring their environmental safety at all administrative levels - from state to municipal. With a wide variety of landscape-climatic, natural-resource, demographic, economic, ecological conditions, even within one subject, ensuring the environmental safety of federal districts is a very difficult task. The sustainable and safe development of the district as a whole should be considered, first of all, from the standpoint of life favorable environment, maintaining the ecological and economic balance for business development, maintaining the quality of life and population health.
Effect of tillage on the content of nitrate nitrogen in the arable layer and the yield of spring wheat
Authors: Romanov V N , Kozulina N S , Vasilenko A V
Published: February 2022

Experimental data on the study of the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil at the dump minimum and zero farming systems are presented. Evaluation of various systems of soil cultivation allows us to note the tangible energy efficiency of resource-saving technologies and assess the possibilities of introducing them into production. In our opinion, the use of new tools and mechanisms for soil cultivation will help to reduce the cost of soil cultivation.
Ensuring the environmental safety of food when using biological products in the protection of cabbage agrocenosis
Authors: Apazhev A K , Shekikhachev Y A , Hazhmetov L M , Didanova E N , Kurzhiev Kh G
Published: February 2022

The use of chemical means of protecting plants from diseases and pests to increase yields and improve the presentation of the product leads to negative consequences. The main one is the accumulation of chemical residues in products and the release of resistant forms of pathogens. The use of microbial antagonists that suppress the development of phytopathogenic fungi is considered as an alternative method of plant protection. Biological preparations for suppressing plant diseases are based on antagonist microorganisms, hyperparasites, and biota metabolites. An increase in the share of biological protection and a decrease in the share of the use of agrochemicals in the plant protection system contributes to the improvement of the socio-ecological situation. The search for technological methods for reducing the frequency of treatments is especially important for the cabbage culture. In this regard, this article evaluates the effectiveness of biological products in protecting cabbage agrocenosis and increasing productivity.
Ecoengineering techniques to investigate soil moisture dynamics and localized dry spots distribution on golf courses
Authors: Tazina S V , Tazin I I , Novolodskaya M S
Published: February 2022

The study is aimed at the effect of wetting agents on golf course fairways from ‘PLS’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of localized dry spots (LDS) on the turfgrass, dynamic of soil moisture change and to find the most effective wetting agent. This study was conducted in climatic conditions of Central region of Russia, in golf club Skolkovo (Moscow region). The research is aimed at studying the demand on wetting agents in golf industry, that will help to estimate of their effectiveness and practicability. There were used methods: Advanced method of the definition of dry spots on turf; Advanced method of the definition of sand soil moisture. According to three data collections of visual turf conditions and soil moisture during growing season the worst result has shown B2 plot (product Liven, rate 20 l/ha). It had the most percent of damaged turf by localized dry spots. Later its conditions became better than B1 (Revolution, rate 20 l/ha), D9 and A1 (Liven, 20 l/ha), C4 (Dispatch, 5 l/ha) plots. G9 (untreated control) and C2 (Revolution, 10 l/ha) plots kept high level of soil moisture. Low level of soil moisture had C4 (Dispatch, 5 l/ha) and F8 (Revolution, 10 l/ha) plots. Mild and snowless winter has been contributed to slight deterioration of visual turf conditions. The highest percent of damages by dry spots had B2 plot (Liven, 20 l/ha), but the product showed a positive result. The most effective wetting agent turned out to be Revolution with application rate 10 l/ha.
Direct effect and aftereffect of sapropel on agricultural crops yield and agrochemical properties of light grey forest soil
Authors: Vasiliev O A , Andreeva O E , Vasiliev A O , Ilyin A N , Lozhkin A G , Eliseev I P , Fadeeva N A
Published: February 2022

The paper states that the research carried out during 2020-2021 revealed the optimal dose of sapropel application for agricultural crops in light grey forest soils, i.e., 30 t/ha. The combined use of sapropel and azofoska took the maximum direct effect and aftereffect in the variant (sapropel at a dose of 15 t/ha and azofoska at a dose of 200 kg/ha). The authors showed a positive role of sapropel not only as a source of plant nutrition elements but also as a stimulator of plant growth and development. The separate application of sapropel not only stimulates the development of cultivated plants but also increases the concentration of nutrients in the soil. However, it is insufficient to obtain high yields. The addition of azophoska to sapropel eliminates the lack of plant nutrients in the soil, as a result of which the maximum yield of agricultural crops is achieved. The use of fertilizers had a positive effect on the main indicators of soil fertility such as the content of organic matter, nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium in pH values of exchangeable acidity.
Improving safety during operation of gas turbine units
Authors: Abdrakhmanov N H , Zakirova Z A , Guryanova M N , Abdrakhmanova K N , Savicheva Yu N
Published: February 2022

This article considers the possibility of improving the safety during operation of gas turbine plants due to improving the strength characteristics of rotor blades, by using ultra-finegrained ferrite-martensitic steel of the EI-961 class for their manufacture. It is known that one of the main elements of stationary gas turbine plants is rotor blades made of EI-961 steel, which is a typical representative of ferrite-martensitic steels. Due to the fact that the blade complex determines the safety and service life of gas turbine plants, improving the strength characteristics of ferrite-martensitic stainless steels, it is important and relevant to increase the reliable and safe operation of such plants. As a result, studies have been carried out using EI-961 - stainless heat-resistant high-alloy martensitic-grade chromium-nickel steel as the starting material. To form an ultrafine structure, the samples were subjected to intense plastic deformation followed by heat treatment. It was revealed that the use of intense plastic deformation by torsion and equivocal angular pressing led to a significant increase in the microhardness of steel EI-961, which in turn leads to an increase in strength characteristics. To evaluate the mechanical properties, tensile tests of standard samples were carried out, which showed that additional re-hardening of samples after standard thermal treatment of martensitic steel EI-961 led to an increase in strength, it is clear that in an ultrafine state, the strength gain is greater than in coarse-grained (in an ultrafine state - 30%, coarse-grained - 11%), while maintaining ductility 5%.
Effective course of pumping of a well rod pump
Authors: Ishmurzin A A , Mustafin V U
Published: February 2022

Determining the length of the plunger’s pumping is an integral part of the calculation of the well pump. However, it should be borne in mind that the pumping course of the plunger is different for each well. Therefore, the article proposes to define it from the dynamogram, on the coordinate parameter “pumping course” which is length, starting from the point of the minimum load on the TPS before the start of the suction. The opening of the supercharged valve shows a minimum load level, which has reached the lowest value due to the maximum high pressure of liquid compression in the working cylinder, after opening load begins to increase. This is the main sign of the opening of the supercharged valve. Mathematical modeling of the interaction of the column of rods and liquid showed: the column of rods, having a higher mass than the mass of liquid, is not subjected to a large forced oscillation, which is reflected on the dynamogram. The opening moment of the discharge valve indicates the beginning of liquid injection or the effective stroke of the plunger, therefore, we need to find exactly this point on the dynamogram circuit.Towards the end of the turn down the column comes to its original state, freed from longitudinal bends and vibrations. Then it can be argued: on the distance of the plunger’s run his intermediate state cannot have an impact. However, this allegation requires proof.
Modeling of the optimal route of unmanned systems and positioning algorithms for monitoring man-made and natural fires
Authors: Sharafutdinov A A , Sharafutdinova A A
Published: February 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicle – an aircraft without a crew on board. For many years, unmanned aerial vehicles have become very popular. The field of application of unmanned aerial vehicles is quite common. The article considers the scope of application of UAVs, developed a method of group use of unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as the prospects for the development of this area.
Quality indicators influencing the choice of potato harvester
Authors: Zh Shkaruba N , Leonov O A , Bogolubova D A
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of studies related to the development of a methodology that allows you to determine the quality indicators that affect the choice of an agricultural producer when buying potato harvesters. As a result of approbation of the developed methodology, data have collected and a Pareto Chart of quality indicators affecting the choice of potato harvesters had constructed. ABC-analysis made it possible to identify three groups of the most important quality indicators of potato harvesters for the consumer.
Breeding indices for the creation of spring soft wheat varieties
Authors: Ilina S , Fadeev A
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the search for possible “markers” of productivity that allow to get at least a preliminary assessment of the adaptive properties of the breeding material of spring soft wheat. The research conducted in the Chuvash Research Agricultural Institute – Branch of “Federal Agricultural Research Centre of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitskogo”, on the breeding lines of spring soft wheat showed that when assessing productivity, the greatest information was obtained when evaluating in aggregate according to three indices: Mexican – Mx, Canadian – Ki, linear ear density – LPK. There are 2 breeding lines for economic validity and 2 for a set of breeding indicators.
Aspects of satellite and subsatellite studies of chlorophyll-a in Arctic waters
Authors: Kalinka O P , Vodopianova V V
Published: February 2022

Field studies of chlorophyll-a concentrations in high latitudes of Arctic waters (above 75° N) are limited due to the difficult ice conditions, while satellite studies are limited due to high clouds in the region. Full-scale data of chlorophyll concentration in the pelagial of the Barents Sea for 2013-2019 were included in the database at ArcGIS 10 platform. Comparison and correlation analysis of full-scale and satellite data (open NASA databases) at the same points for the same dates were carried out. A general underestimation of the satellite concentrations of chlorophyll-a was revealed for most stations. Time coverage of +/- 3 days produced a significant error in the verification results. Within the 1-2-day difference, the percentage of deviations decreased, but the tendency to underestimate satellite concentrations in relation to in-situ values persisted.
Number and species structure of communities of insectivorous biotopes of varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation of the urban landscape
Authors: Gorina N D
Published: February 2022

As a result of a two-year (2019-2020) study of the species diversity of insectivorous communities, captured in four biotopes of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok, located within the 5 km radius, with varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation (from native to urban cenosis), some differences in species wealth, population size, dominance structures of insectivorous in the biotopes studied have been found. At the early stage of landscape transformation in the zone of contact between a biotope and low-rise buildings, the anthropogenic factor acts most aggressively - the number of insectivores in catches increases. The community of a biotope of a later transformation stage, which has been under the influence of an aggressive environment for a long time, is not numerous. The species diversity of insectivorous communities is characterized applying information indices.
Condition and growth of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in irrigated forest belts of Saratov Trans-Volga steppe
Authors: Mashtakov Dmitriy A , Sadykov Airat R , Arestova Elena A
Published: February 2022

The research aim was to establish the regularities of condition and growth of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the irrigated forest belts in the steppe of Saratov Trans-Volga Region. The study object is a system of forest shelter belts under conditions of irrigation of dark chestnut soils of Saratov Trans-Volga steppe with tree species of the main and accompanying purpose - pedunculate oak, lanceolate ash (Fracsinus lanceolata L.) and squat elm (Ulmus pumila L.). The research in the field and materials processing were carried out in accordance with the methodology of specialized research institutes and leading scientists in the field of agroforestry. Forest belts located on agricultural land protect crops from the negative effects of drought and dry winds, optimize snow distribution in winter and irrigation regimes for crops during the growing season, and increase the crops productivity. Irrigation has the most important positive effect on growth and condition of tree species in forest belts and, as a result, on durability and reforestation efficiency of forest belts. The studies have shown that the average height and diameter of oak in the. irrigated forest belts mixed with different species are higher than those without irrigation by 15-26% and 34-39%, respectively. The oak growth in height in irrigated areas of forest belts exceeds its growth in height in areas of forest belts without irrigation by 1.5 times. The vital condition of oak in the irrigated forest belts is characterized by the prevalence of “slightly oppressed” (48%) and “healthy” oak trees (40%).
Agroforestry and climate smart agriculture to improve food security and resilience indigenous people in Teluk Patipi District Fakfak Regency West Papua Province
Authors: Tuturop Arnoldus , Nugroho Julius D. , Warawarin Avalinus
Published: February 2022

Shifting cultivation, as traditional agroforestry system with trial-and-error to provide sustainable land-use type, has been developed based on social, cultural and economic realities of local community. Development of shifting cultivation in Papua is usually to achieve household food security and economic access if their own needs fulfilled. However, the local agroforestry practices (LAPs) were still lack information on species diversity and technology. Enhancing the knowledge and skills of the LAPs are needed to improve modified agroforestry system for food security and climate change adaptation. Data was collected from households of Teluk Patipi District of Fak-Fak Regency using purposive sampling method through farm inventory. Through the modified agroforestry practice (MAPs), the production scale is expected to increase the local community income as well as to prepare food security in extreme climate conditions, the preservation of typical species, environmental conservation, and support low-carbon development strategy in West Papua.
Damage, Loss, Economic Pressure, and Time Required For Family Asset Recovery of Garut Flash Flood Survivor
Authors: Sunarti Euis , Mariam Erwini Hanna , Fadhlurrahman Zuhdi , Marwiah  , Faizh Fithriyah Aliya
Published: February 2022

Abstrak. The research was conducted to analyze the effect of damage, losses and economic pressures on the length of recovery of family assets experienced by families victims of flash flood in Garut in 2016. This study used a cross-sectional method and a retrospective study involving 120 examples selected disproportionally stratified random sampling by place of residence namely in shelters and non-shelters (60 families each). The results showed that there were no significant differences between damage and losses and the duration of recovery of assets in families living in shelters and non-shores, while economic pressures were higher for families living in shelters. An important finding of this study is that the average length of asset recovery is 482 months. The regression test results show that the higher the father’s education the faster the asset recovery, while the greater the value of damage and the greater the economic pressure, the longer the asset recovery.
Factors Determining the Welfare of the Sunda Strait Tsunami Victim’s Family. A Mechanism Disaster Impact on SDGs in Family Level
Authors: Sunarti Euis , Meliano Irwan , Pratama Cecep , Haksana Setya , Faizah Fithriyah Aliya , Khoiriyah Nikmatul , Novyanti Winny
Published: February 2022

The Sunda Strait Tsunami in December 2018 has prolonged impact on the welfare of victim’s families. This research aims to analyze factors determining family welfare after 27 month of Sunda Strait tsunami. Research involved 123 families consisted of two groups: refugees who living in shelter F(LS) and non-refugees who living in non shelter (FLNS). Almost two-thirds of the families stated that the impact of the tsunami is still disrupting their work, livelihood, and daily lives. Acceptance and gratitude lead to higher subjective well-being, although objectively, family welfare has not returned to how it was before the tsunami. The results of different tests showed that FLS families (compared to FLNS) had better conditions and the health of their homes as well as their livelihood strategies. The objective welfare of the family is negatively affected by economic pressures, while the subjective welfare of the family is negatively affected by both subjective and objective economic pressures. This research shows the importance of external parties helping the victim’s family to reduce their economic pressure, by providing access and opportunities for family income patterns. Subjective economic pressure is a direct mechanism of disaster disruption to welfare as one of the goals of sustainable development.
Localizing disaster risk reduction: a case study of community-based disaster preparedness in Bima and Palangkaraya Indonesia
Authors: Husein Rahmawati
Published: February 2022

Abstract Community-Based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP) approaches are important elements to reduce vulnerability and increase resiliency in disaster risk areas. These are part of a new trend in localizing disaster risk reduction (DRR) which values the knowledge and capacities of local people and builds on local resources, including social capital. The CBDP in Indonesia has been initiated both by government and various actors such as NGOs, academia, and privates. This paper focuses on the CBDP initiatives called “MASTANA,” that are carried out by Muhammadiyah (MDMC), one of the largest Faith-Based Organization (FBO) in Indonesia in collaboration with local disaster management agency. This paper will describe how local communities through MASTANA program succeeded in formulating disaster preparedness strategies and situating them within wider local development planning. It also depicts how communities are able to integrate contingency and operational plans into planning document that was formalized and signed by the village head to guarantee the sustainability of DRR program. In addition, it will describe the formation of DRR forum that consist of various stakeholders including women and people with disabilities. Last, it will discuss challenges in using CBDP approaches at the village level.
Abrasive water jet machining of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites: a review
Authors: Virk Gurpreet Singh , Singh Balkar , Singh Yadvinder , Sharma Shubham , Ilyas R A , Patyal Vikas
Published: February 2022

Natural-fiber-reinforced composites are progressively attracting interest in the aerospace, automotive, aeronautics, and marine sectors due to their good strength-to-weight ratios, long lifetimes and cost-effectiveness. Traditional machining methods have trouble machining such composite materials. However, abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) provides an alternative quality machining method that can be accomplished by regulating various process variables. The efficiency of the AWJM method has been the subject of extensive study, due to its negligible heat-affected zone. This review attempts to focus on an exploration of the thermal and mechanical properties and the AWJM efficiency of various coir-fiber-based composites in relation to various parameters and to determine the best AWJM operating conditions. There are numerous process variables that influence AWJM machined surface quality. However, the standoff distance, hydraulic pressure, abrasive mass flow rate, nozzle diameter, and transverse speed are all important factors to consider. Kerf taper, kerf width, and surface roughness are considered key response factors.
Enhanced microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061 alloy via graphene nanoplates reinforcement fabricated by stir casting
Authors: Awate Pankaj P , Barve Shivprakash B
Published: February 2022

In this research, graphene/Al6061 aluminum matrix nanocomposites were fabricated by stir casting, and the influence of graphene nanoplates on microstructure and mechanical properties of the 6061 aluminum alloy were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, tensile and hardness testing analysis methods. The major limitation in the utilization of 6061 aluminum alloy in heavy stress applications such as airplane fuselages, wings, internal panels, and luxury vehicles chassis is low strength and hardness. This deficiency of 6061 aluminum alloy was tackled by successful reinforcement of graphene nanoplates in 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt.%, using the stir casting process. The FESEM micrographs showed that the graphene nanoplates were uniformly distributed in the 6061-aluminum matrix alloy and tensile strength, hardness, and yield strength enhanced remarkably as compared with unreinforced 6061 aluminum alloy. The as-cast tensile strength, hardness, and yield strength of the graphene/Al6061 nanocomposites were improved by 127%, 158%, and 402%, respectively, compared with the unreinforced Al6061 alloy. It is concluded that the nano thickness of graphene, reinforcement quantity, and manufacturing process are the major factors for the enhancement of microstructure and mechanical properties of graphene/Al6061 nanocomposites.
Can Cross-Sectional Studies Contribute to Causal Inference? It Depends
Authors: Savitz David A , Wellenius Gregory A
Published: February 2022

Cross-sectional studies—often defined as those in which exposure and outcome are assessed at the same point in time—are frequently viewed as minimally informative for causal inference. While cross-sectional studies may be susceptible to reverse causality, may be limited to assessment of disease prevalence rather than incidence, or may only provide estimates of current rather than past exposures, not all cross-sectional studies suffer these limitations. Moreover, none of these concerns are unique to or inherent in the structure of a cross-sectional study. Regardless of when exposure and disease were ascertained relative to one another, a cross-sectional study may provide insights into the causal effects of exposure on disease incidence. Simply labeling a study as “cross-sectional” and assuming that 1 or more of these limitations exist and are materially important fails to recognize the need for a more nuanced assessment and risks discarding evidence that may be useful in assessing causal relationships.
Probiotics for kidney disease
Authors: Favero Chiara , Ortiz Alberto , Sanchez-Niño Maria D
Published: February 2022

Diet has long been known to influence the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may even result in acute kidney injury (AKI). Diet may influence kidney disease through a direct impact of specific nutrients on the human body through modulation of the gut microbiota composition or through metabolites generated by the gut microbiota from ingested nutrients. The potential for interaction between diet, microbiota and CKD has fueled research into interventions aimed at modifying the microbiota to treat CKD. These interventions may include diet, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplant and other interventions that modulate the microbiota and its metabolome. A recent report identified Lactobacillus casei Zhang from traditional Chinese koumiss as a probiotic that may protect mice from AKI and CKD and slow CKD progression in humans. Potential mechanisms of action include modulation of the gut microbiota and increased availability of short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties and of nicotinamide. However, the clinical relevance needs validation in large well-designed clinical trials.
DLEU7-AS1 promotes renal cell cancer by silencing the miR-26a-5p/coronin-3 axis
Authors: Wang Xin-jun , Chen Lin , Xu Ran , Li Si , Luo Guang-cheng
Published: February 2022

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the progression and development of many types of cancer by interacting with RNA, DNA and proteins, including DLEU7-AS1. However, the function of DLEU7-AS1 in renal cell cancer (RCC) remains unclear. In this study, two in silico prediction algorithms were used to discover the potential target of miR-26a-5p, which was determined to be a tumor suppressor gene, possibly DLEU7-AS1, through the downregulation of coronin-3 in RCC. Thus, we hypothesized that DLEU7-AS1 promotes RCC by silencing the miR-26a-5p/coronin-3 axis. To test our hypothesis, we confirmed that DLEU7-AS1 directly targets miR-26a-5p using the pmirGLO dual-luciferase reporter assay. Next, we observed that DLEU7-AS1 expression was markedly upregulated in RCC samples and inversely correlated with clinical prognosis and miR-26a-5p levels. Knockdown of DLEU7-AS1 significantly suppressed the growth and metastasis of RCC cells in vitro and attenuated tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, exogenous expression of coronin-3 or miR-26a-5p inhibitor treatment almost completely rescued the DLEU7-AS1 knockdown-induced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that DLEU7-AS1 is an oncogene in RCC capable of regulating the growth and metastasis of RCC by silencing the miR-26a-5p/coronin-3 axis, suggesting that DLEU7-AS1 can be employed as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for RCC.
Coronary-specific quantification of myocardial deformation by strain echocardiography may disclose the culprit vessel in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Chiarello Giuseppina , Gherbesi Elisa , Fusini Laura , Soldato Nicolo’ , Siena Paola , Ursi Raffaella , Ruggieri Roberta , Guglielmo Marco , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Baggiano Andrea , Rabbat Mark G , Memeo Riccardo , Lepera Mario , Favale Stefano , Pontone Gianluca
Published: February 2022

Aims

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of speckle tracking echocardiography technique using territorial longitudinal strain (TLS) for the detection of culprit vessel vs. vessel-specific wall motion score index (WMSI) in non-ST-segment elevation–acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients scheduled for invasive coronary angiography (ICA).

Methods and results

One hundred and eighty-three patients (mean age: 66 ± 12 years, male: 71%) diagnosed with NSTE-ACS underwent echocardiography evaluation at hospital admission and ICA within 24 h. Culprit vessels were left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (CX), and right coronary arteries (RCAs) in 38.5%, 39.6%, and 21.4%, respectively. An increase of affected vessels [1-, 2-, and 3-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD)] was associated with increased WMSI and TLS values. There was a statistically significant difference of both WMSI-LAD, WMSI-CX, WMSI-RCA and TLS-LAD, TLS-CX, TLS-RCA of myocardial segments with underlying severe CAD compared to no CAD (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, a significant difference of TLS-LAD, TLS-CX, TLS-RCA, and WMSI-CX of myocardial segments with an underlying culprit vessel compared to non-culprit vessels (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.022, and P < 0.001, respectively) was identified. WMSI-LAD and WMSI-RCA did not show statistical significant differences. A regression model revealed that the combination of WMSI + TLS was more accurate compared to WMSI alone in detecting the culprit vessel (LAD, P = 0.001; CX, P < 0.001; and RCA, P = 0.019).

Conclusion

Territorial longitudinal strain allows an accurate identification of the culprit vessel in NSTE-ACS patients. In addition to WMSI, TLS may be considered as part of routine echocardiography for better clinical assessment in this subset of patients.
Church-Based Emotional Support and Negative Interactions Among Older African Americans and Black Caribbeans
Authors: Taylor Robert Joseph , Skipper Antonius D , Ellis James M , Chatters Linda M
Published: February 2022

Objectives

This study investigates church-based informal social support among older African Americans and Black Caribbeans. In particular, we examine the correlates of receiving emotional support as well as negative interactions (e.g., criticisms) from church members.

Methods

The analysis is based on the older African American (n = 829) and Black Caribbean (n = 271) subsample of the National Survey of American Life. The analysis utilizes multiple group structural equation modeling (SEM) to test a model of church support networks.

Results

There were no significant differences between older African Americans and older Black Caribbeans in the frequency of service attendance, contact with church members (seeing, writing, talking), emotional support from church members, or negative interactions with church members. However, a comparison of SEM analysis indicates that the number and pattern of relationships are different. For instance, among African Americans church attendance was associated with emotional support, but among Black Caribbeans attendance did not have a direct or indirect effect on emotional support. Our findings also indicate that among older African Americans, women attend religious services more frequently and both receive emotional support and engage in negative interactions with church members more frequently than men. Among Black Caribbeans, however, men attend religious services less frequently than women but also have more negative interactions with church members.

Discussion

For both African American and Black Caribbean older adults, church members are an important element of their social support networks. Our analysis also underscores the importance of contact with church members for receiving emotional support for both populations.
Does Misery Love Company? Analyzing the Global Suffering Inflicted by US Economic Sanctions
Authors: Early Bryan R , Peksen Dursun
Published: February 2022

Economic sanctions are coercive policies capable of inflicting social, political, and humanitarian suffering that go far beyond their economic effects alone. The United States employs economic sanctions more than any other government in the world. In this study, we analyze how US sanctions policies can inflict misery upon the states they target. Our contributions to the literature are two-fold. First, we introduce a new, consolidated measure called the Freedom from Misery index to capture the disparate, adverse effects of sanctions on socioeconomic and political conditions within target states. Second, we offer the first empirical analysis of the extent to which sanctions imposed by the United States increase the misery gap between the United States and targets of US sanctions. We theorize that high-cost sanctions and, counterintuitively, human rights sanctions will inflict significant amounts of misery on the states they target. Using data from 1971 to 2015 for over 145 countries, we conduct quantitative analyses to evaluate the degree that US sanctions, including those involving the United Nations, contribute to miserable living conditions in their targets. We find that US sanctions, particularly those inflicting major costs on targeted economies and those imposed for human rights reasons, immiserate their targets’ populations. Extensions of our main analysis further show that US sanctions widen the misery gap between the United States and target states, contributing to greater international inequality.
Effects of whole corn high-grain diet feeding on ruminal bacterial community and epithelial gene expression related to VFA absorption and metabolism in fattening lambs
Authors: Wang Lu , Qi Weibiao , Mao Shengyong , Zhu Weiyun , Liu Junhua
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of whole corn high-grain diet feeding on growth performance, ruminal bacterial community, and epithelial morphology and gene expression related to VFA absorption and metabolism in fattening lambs. Fourteen male (castrated) lambs were randomly assigned to either a group fed a ground corn high-grain diet (50.4% grain; HGC, n = 7) or a group fed a whole corn high-grain diet (50.4% grain; HWC, n = 7). After 7 wk of feeding, HWC group increased the average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.036) and decreased the feed: gain value (P = 0.010) significantly. HWC group had a greater crude protein apparent digestibility (P = 0.028) in the third week and dry matter and neutral detergent fiber apparent digestibility (P < 0.05) in the seventh week. Pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed that HWC feeding increased the relative abundance of genera Anaerovibrio, Schwartzia and Unclassified Veillonellaceae in the rumen content and Howardella, Schwartzia and Unclassified Veillonellaceae in the rumen epithelia (P<0.05), while decreased the proportion of Lachnospira and Unclassified Synergistaceae in the rumen content and Anaerovorax, Papillibacter, Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter, Unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Unclassified Bacteroidales and Unclassified Prevotellaceae in the rumen epithelia (P < 0.05). HWC group increased the rumen papilla length (P = 0.001) and surface area (P = 0.002). Furthermore, HWC diet feeding up-regulated the relative mRNA expression of putative anion transporter isoform 1 (PAT1) (P = 0.032) in the rumen epithelia. In summary, compared with ground corn high-grain diet feeding, whole corn high-grain diet feeding improved animal performance, changed ruminal bacterial composition and diversity, and increased VFA absorption of epithelial papilla in fattening lambs. These findings provided theoretical guidance for the actual application of whole corn high-grain diet in ruminants.
Zearalenone promotes follicle development through activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway in the ovaries of weaned gilts
Authors: Wan Boyang , Huang Libo , Jing Changwei , Li Yang , Jiao Ning , Liang Ming , Jiang Shuzhen , Yang Weiren
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of zearalenone (ZEA) exposure on follicular development in weaned gilts, and its mechanism based on the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. A total of 32 healthy female weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average body weight of 12.39 ± 0.24 kg were randomly allotted to a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.15, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg ZEA for a 32-d feeding test. Blood and ovarian samples were obtained at the end of the experiment to determine serum toxin concentrations, ovarian histology, and the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway-related genes. Results showed that the vulva area, serum concentrations of ZEA, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, the thickness of the growing follicular layer, and the diameter of the largest growing follicles, as well as the expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α, estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), ATP synthase subunit beta (ATP5B), and PCNA, increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary ZEA, whereas the thickness of the primordial follicle layer decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the immunoreactive substances of SIRT1 and PGC-1α in the ovaries enhanced with the increasing dietary ZEA (P < 0.05). In addition, the thickness of the growing follicular layer and the diameter of the largest growing follicle were positively correlated with relative mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α, ERRα, ATP5B, and PCNA (P < 0.05). However, the thickness of the primordial follicle layer was negatively correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, ERRα, ATP5B, and PCNA (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the 1.5 mg/kg ZEA treatment had highly hyperplastic follicles, whereas 3.0 mg/kg ZEA resulted in a large number of follicular atresia, which indicated that low-dose ZEA exposure accelerated follicular proliferation, while high-dose ZEA promoted follicular atresia, although the critical value interval needs further confirmation. Results provide a theoretical basis for finding the therapeutic target of ZEA-induced reproductive disorders in weaned gilts.
Complexity of the interpretability logics ILW and ILP
Authors: Mikec Luka
Published: February 2022

The interpretability logic ILP is the interpretability logic of all sufficiently strong $\varSigma _1$-sound finitely axiomatised theories, such as the Gödel-Bernays set theory. The interpretability logic IL is a strict subset of the intersection of the interpretability logics of all so-called reasonable theories, IL(All). It is known that both ILP and ILW are decidable, however their complexity has not been resolved previously. In [10] it was shown that the basic interpretability logic IL is PSPACE-complete. Here we prove the same for ILP and ILW.
Pest Status, Survey of Natural Enemies, and a Management Plan for the WhiteflySinghiella simplex(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the United States
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Z , McKenzie Cindy L , Revynthi Alexandra M , Evans Gregory A , Mottern Jason L , Mannion Catharine M , Osborne Lance S
Published: February 2022

The whitefly Singhiella simplex (Singh) is an invasive species that has been causing damage to Ficus hedges and trees for the last decade and a half in Africa, the Caribbean, Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America. This study provides its biology, current pest status, description, dispersal potential, field key, geographical distribution, host plants, scouting techniques, species assemblage, a survey of its natural enemies, and an overview of its management plan. Singhiella simplex has been found in three states in the USA (Arizona, California, and Florida). Its current range is very limited in Arizona and California. However, it is now widely distributed throughout central and south Florida. Several natural enemies, both native and introduced, are present in the field. The parasitoid wasp Baeoentodon balios Wang, Huang, & Polaszek and the predatory beetle Delphastus pallidus (LeConte) are the most dominant among its natural enemies. This study will provide useful information to manage S. simplex effectively.
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Outcomes by Age Among ARCAD First- and Second-Line Clinical Trials
Authors: McCleary Nadine J , Harmsen William S , Haakenstad Ellana , Cleary James M , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A , Zalcberg John , Adams Richard , Grothey Axel , Sobrero Alberto F , Van Cutsem Eric , Goldberg Richard M , Peeters Marc , Tabernero Josep , Seymour Matt , Saltz Leonard B , Giantonio Bruce J , Arnold Dirk , Rothenberg Mace L , Koopman Miriam , Schmoll Hans-Joachim , Pitot Henry C , Hoff Paulo M , Tebbutt Niall , Masi Gianluca , Souglakos John , Bokemeyer Carsten , Heinemann Volker , Yoshino Takayuki , Chibaudel Benoist , deGramont Aimery , Shi Qian , Lichtman Stuart M
Published: February 2022

Background

We evaluated the time to progression (TTP) and survival outcomes of second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer among adults aged 70 years and older compared with younger adults following progression on first-line clinical trials.

Methods

Associations between clinical and disease characteristics, time to initial progression, and rate of receipt of second-line therapy were evaluated. TTP and overall survival (OS) were compared between older and younger adults in first- and second-line trials by Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, number of metastatic sites and presence of metastasis in the lung, liver, or peritoneum. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results

Older adults comprised 16.4% of patients on first-line trials (870 total older adults aged >70 years; 4419 total younger adults aged ≤70 years, on first-line trials). Older adults and those with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status >0 were less likely to receive second-line therapy than younger adults. Odds of receiving second-line therapy decreased by 11% for each additional decade of life in multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 1.21, P = .01). Older and younger adults enrolled in second-line trials experienced similar median TTP and median OS (median TTP = 5.1 vs 5.2 months, respectively; median OS = 11.6 vs 12.4 months, respectively).

Conclusions

Older adults were less likely to receive second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, though we did not observe a statistical difference in survival outcomes vs younger adults following second-line therapy. Further study should examine factors affecting decisions to treat older adults with second-line therapy. Inclusion of geriatric assessment may provide better criteria regarding the risks and benefits of second-line therapy.
The Savoy–Piedmont “Renaissance”
Authors: Pareti Germana
Published: February 2022

Although his name is associated with Pavia and Padua’s Universities, the anatomist Vincenzo Malacarne worked intensively in Piedmont, where he made many of his anatomical observations of the brain. These allowed Malacarne to demonstrate a close relationship between the psyche and brain malfunction. In Piedmont, he also began a detailed description of the cerebellum and introduced new anatomical terms. He identified the central portion of the inferior cerebellar vermis and examined mental illness, particularly cretinism. While a succession of turbulent historical events in France had repercussions on Piedmont medicine, a group of doctors asked the king to meet for discussion, and the Academy of Medicine was founded. In the context of the contraposition between vitalism and mechanism, while moral and passion medicine blossomed, it was also the beginning of psychiatric treatment of patients in special medical institutions with targeted care.