bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Service Quality Dimension on Taxpayers’ Satisfaction (Study at Howard Tax Consultant)
Authors: Gosal Gladys Greselda , Utami Christina Whidya
Published: September 2020

This research aims to explore the impact of service quality towards the satisfaction of taxpayers who use the services of Howard Tax Consultant. Dimensions of the service quality that are used as independent variables are flexibility, reliability, assurance, tangibles, and responsiveness, meanwhile the dependent variable is taxpayers’ satisfaction. All members of the population are taken as the sample of the research, with total of 50 respondents, among those are 35 individual taxpayers and 15 corporate taxpayers. Data was collected through questionnaire with 24 indicators with Likert scale, and was analyzed using multi-linear regression analysis. The result of multi-linear regression analysis shows that flexibility, reliability, assurance, tangibles, and responsiveness are significantly and positively correlated to the satisfaction of taxpayers who use the services of Howard Tax Consultant, and therefore it is concluded that all the hypothesis in this research are upheld.
The Influence of Experiential Marketing, E-Service Quality (WebBased Tracking System) And Trust On Customer Satisfaction In J&T Express Service Users In Kab. Pasuruan
Authors: Huda Miftahul , Anisa Fitri
Published: September 2020

The role of a shipping service company is very important to the development of the society and lifestyle of today, the role as a media distribution of goods. With the delivery service is very easy for consumers to fulfill their needs, but it can save time and also make consumers feel happy things can be done easily. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of Experiential Marketing, E-Service Quality (Web based Tracking System) and trust in customer satisfaction in service users J&T Express in Pasuruan whose results can be used as an evaluation of J&T Express to improve its performance. The population in this research is a customer who has been delivering goods at J&T Express in Pasuruan. The number of samples in this study used Machin formula and was found to be 132 respondents or a service user of J&T Express in Pasuruan. The results of this study show that Experiential Marketing, E-Service Quality and trust have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, so that J&T Express is expected to develop and as well as maintain Experiential Marketing, EService Quality and customer confidence so that later to increase customer satisfaction.
Adaptation Of Disruption In Fast Food Companies In The New Normal Era
Authors: Para Rinintha , Pujiarti Pujiarti , Hernawan Eso
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is how the community can adapt to the changes that occur in fast food companies in the new normal era. Discipline and public understanding of changes during the pandemic and entering the normal era are very important from habituation and technology. This research is descriptive by collecting primary data and also secondary data by conducting analysis and random interviews with services on fast food, visitors, and other data. This observation was made because fast food is the food most often consumed by people around> 80% because it is fast in providing it and this food is the people's choice for holding meetings both formal and informal. The results obtained and analyzed for this new order of life by opening it up gradually and getting used to the conditions applied by the government since March until now have made people accustomed to the existence of temperature checking regulations, wearing masks, maintain distance and determine other health protocols. With the existence of health rules applied the community has realized the importance of maintaining health even with meetings with others. The use of cashless or delivery that was already available in service applications before the pandemic and some people can already use it but others are more accustomed to using other merchant applications because it is considered easier and the number of choices and discounts.
The Role of Product Quality and Price Perception in affecting Purchase Decision (Study on Milkmo Product)
Authors: Sutrisno Timotius F.C.W. , Gosal Gladys Greselda , Hernandes Serin Fransisca
Published: September 2020

This research aims to analyze the role of product quality and price perception in affecting purchase decision. The object of this study is Milkmo, which is a startup business that offers milk-based drink coated with chocolate syrup. This research distributes as many as 97 questionnaires to majority of male and female respondents aged 15 to 25 years old, using purposive sampling method. This research uses quantitative method by using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that product quality and the perception of each price have significant effect on purchase decision of Milkmo product, therefore all hypotheses were upheld. This implies that the business owner should improve the quality of the product and set the price of the product carefully so they would not be rivaled by their competitors.
Surgical Myocardial Revascularization in Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Experience in the Cardiac Surgery Department of the Military Hospital Mohammed V of Rabat
Authors: Abdou Abdessamad , Abdou Abdessamad , Nya F. , Bamous M. , Mounir R. , Atmani N. , Seghrouchni A. , Moutakiallah Y. , Boulahya A. , Aithoussa M.
Published: September 2020

Patients with coronary artery disease associated with severe left ventricular dysfunction, candidates for
surgical myocardial revascularization, are with high operative risk. The aim of this study was to assess short
and long-term morbidity and mortality and to identify their predictive factors.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in the cardiac surgery department of the Military Instruction
Hospital Mohammed V- Rabat, between 2000 and 2015. The statistical analysis was executed by SPSS.
There were 74 patients (mean age 74±10 years, ejection fraction [FE]: 30.07%±4 .5, Euroscore: 6.6±2.9).
Results: Hospital mortality was 9.5%, with a follow up time of 59.2 ± 36 months. The survival rate at 10
years was 57%. There was also an improvement in their clinical symptoms and echocardiographic
parameters (postoperative FE: 40.36%±11.2).
Conclusion: In this group of patients with high operative risk, the long-term results of several studies
demonstrate the superiority of surgical treatment on medical treatment.
Impact of Patient Counseling and Socioeconomic Factors on Initiation of Rehabilitation Program in Spinal Cord Injury Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Spine Unit in India
Authors: Aiyer Siddharth Narasimhan , Gunasekaran Vignesh , Mani Latha , K. S. Sri Vijay Anand , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Shetty Ajoy Prasad
Published: September 2020

Study Design: Prospective case series. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of education, financial income, occupation, and patient counseling on the timing of enrolment in a spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation program. Overview of Literature: A rehabilitation program following SCI is essential to improve functional outcomes. Socioeconomic factors can affect the timing of enrolment to a rehabilitation program. Literature on the effects of socioeconomic factors among patients with SCI in the Indian scenario is limited. Methods: A prospective, consecutive analysis of patients with SCI was performed with 1-year follow-up. Assessment of the timing of enrolment to a rehabilitation program was performed using the modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scores (MKSS). Patients admitted to the SCI unit (group A), underwent intensive individual, group, and family counseling sessions to encourage early enrolment into a rehabilitation program. Patients presenting directly for rehabilitation (group B) were analyzed for comparison. Results: A total of 153 patients were recruited. Group A was composed of 122 patients who started the rehabilitation program after a mean of 28 days, compared with a mean of 149 days for 31 patients in group B. In group A, 104 patients (85%; mean MKSS, 14.02) and 18 patients (15%; mean MKSS, 15.61) enrolled for rehabilitation <6 weeks and ≥6 weeks, respectively. In group B, 12 patients (39%; mean MKSS, 13.69) and 19 patients (61%; mean MKSS, 12.10) enrolled for rehabilitation <6 weeks and ≥6 weeks, respectively. The total MKSS and scores for education, income, and occupation did not show a significant difference between the two both groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Early patient counseling in the acute care unit helps in the early enrolment of patients with poor socioeconomic demographic profile to a rehabilitation program.
INFORMATIVE FEATURES OF ROCK PICTURES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES
Authors: Kazim-Zada Aydin Kazim
Published: September 2020

The article provides examples of petroglyphs of Russia, Central and Central Asia, Gobustan of the Republic of Azerbaijan and other countries. The informative features of rock paintings are identified and investigated. The structure of the information retrieval system is given. A number of symmetrical rock paintings are considered. The graphs of the distribution density of images of Gobustan deer are presented. The process of recognition and identification of petroglyphs takes place on the basis of informative features.
Promišljanja o pravopisu u hrvatskoj poratnoj emigraciji
Authors: Šunjić Vice
Published: September 2020

U ovome će radu biti riječi o pogledima predstavnika hrvatske poratne emigracije na dvije pravopisne koncepcije koje su se izmjenjivale u hrvatskoj pravopisnoj praksi. Uz nekolicinu onih koji su zagovarali povratak morfonološkoj, korijenskoj ili etimološkoj pravopisnoj koncepciji pišući svoja jezikoslovna i književna djela po pravilima morfonološkoga/ korijenskoga pisanja postojala je i velika većina koja je ustrajala na upotrebi pravopisa zasnovana pretežito na fonološkome načelu. Za njih je pitanje povratka morfonološkome/ korijenskome pravopisu značilo oživljavanje jedne prekinute pravopisne tradicije kojom bi se zanemarila i obezvrijedila sva dostignuća u razvoju hrvatskoga književnog jezika između dvaju svjetskih ratova.
Mogućnosti i perspektive svježe narezanog voća i povrća na zagrebačkom tržištu
Authors: Levaj Branka , Dragović-Uzelac Verica , Repajić Maja , Čosić Zrinka , Mrvčić Jasna , Ellez Garofulić Ivona , Pedisić Sandra , Lončarić Sanja , Bursać Kovačević Danijela , Zorić Zoran , Matijević Božidar
Published: September 2020

The fresh-cut fruits and vegetables (FCFV) are defined as products that have been trimmed and/or peeled and/or cut into 100% usable product that is bagged or pre-packaged to offer consumers a high nutrition, convenience and flavor while still maintaining its freshness. Fruits and vegetables (FV) are abundant with phytochemicals that indicate beneficial influence on human health when consumed frequently and as a part of daily diet. Healthy conscious consumers appreciate convenience of FCFV, but due to its extreme perishability sometimes their quality and safety may be questionable leading to its shortened shelf-life. Optimal processing as well as distribution conditions are imperative for prolonging their shelf-life. Hence, the prototype of vending machine (VM) for FCFV which could replace usual salad bars in food services and maintaining the highest hygiene criteria was constructed by funding of the BICRO-project and implemented at Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb. In the first part of this study, performance of VM prototype in the cold storage of fresh-cut (FC) apple during 7 days was investigated and interest for FCFV by oral survey with Zagreb citizens was examined in the second part. Quality and sensory characteristics of FC apples stored in VM remained satisfactory for 4 days and microbial analysis showed that VM could provide a safe product for 7 days. Furthermore, the need for such device confirmed the tendency of consumers to choose their own FCFV combinations and purchase such products near the workplace. In general, market analysis proved increased consumers demand for FCFV.
Regenerativna poljoprivreda
Authors: Gracin Mario , Zlojtro Igor , Očić Vesna , Batelja Lodeta Kristina
Published: September 2020

Temeljne postavke i prakse na kojima počiva konvencionalna i integrirana poljoprivredna proizvodnja poput intenzivne obrade tla, uzgoja u monokulturi, upotrebe mineralnih gnojiva, navodnjavanje, zaštita bilja kemijskim sredstvima, manipulacija biljnim i životinjskim genomima te 'industrijska' proizvodnja životinja, među glavnim su onečišćivačima biosfere kao i proizvođačima stakleničkih plinova. Te su prakse kroz duže razdoblje neodržive i štetne. Problematika kojom se bavi regenerativna poljoprivreda je sekvestracija atmosferskog ugljika u tlo i biomasu, povećanje bioraznolikosti proizvodnih agroekosustava, povećanje i održavanje plodnosti tla te uspostavljanje, održavanje i upravljanje ciklusima kruženja hraniva, vode i organske tvari tla. Regenerativna poljoprivreda nadogradnja je ekološke poljoprivrede i temelji se na znanstvenim i primijenjenim istraživanjima.
Discovery and Functional Characterization of hPT3, a Humanized Anti-Phospho Tau Selective Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Van Kolen Kristof , Malia Thomas J. , Theunis Clara , Nanjunda Rupesh , Teplyakov Alexey , Ernst Robin , Wu Sheng-Jiun , Luo Jinquan , Borgers Marianne , Vandermeeren Marc , Bottelbergs Astrid , Wintmolders Cindy , Lacy Eilyn , Maurin Hervé , Larsen Peter , Willems Roland , Van De Casteele Tom , Triana-Baltzer Gallen , Slemmon Randy , Galpern Wendy , Trojanowski John Q. , Sun Hong , Mercken Marc H.
Published: September 2020

Background: As a consequence of the discovery of an extracellular component responsible for the progression of tau pathology, tau immunotherapy is being extensively explored in both preclinical and clinical studies as a disease modifying strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: Describe the characteristics of the anti-phospho (T212/T217) tau selective antibody PT3 and its humanized variant hPT3. Methods: By performing different immunization campaigns, a large collection of antibodies has been generated and prioritized. In depth, in vitro characterization using surface plasmon resonance, phospho-epitope mapping, and X-ray crystallography experiments were performed. Further characterization involved immunohistochemical staining on mouse- and human postmortem tissue and neutralization of tau seeding by immunodepletion assays. Results and Conclusion: Various in vitro experiments demonstrated a high intrinsic affinity for PT3 and hPT3 for AD brain-derived paired helical filaments but also to non-aggregated phospho (T212/T217) tau. Further functional analyses in cellular and in vivo models of tau seeding demonstrated almost complete depletion of tau seeds in an AD brain homogenate. Ongoing trials will provide the clinical evaluation of the tau spreading hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease.
Psychological Interventions for People with Huntington’s Disease: A Call to Arms
Authors: Zarotti Nicolò , Dale Maria , Eccles Fiona , Simpson Jane
Published: September 2020

Background: Although Huntington’s disease (HD) can cause a wide range of psychological difficulties, no review has ever been carried out on the range of psychological interventions adopted with this population. Objective: To scope the literature on psychological interventions for psychological difficulties in people affected by HD. Methods: A systematic scoping review was performed across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, and Cochrane Library up to 1 March 2020. Results: From an initial return of 1579 citations, a total of nine papers were considered eligible for review. These included a qualitative investigation, three case studies, two case series, two uncontrolled pretest-posttest designs, and only one randomised control trial (RCT). Despite the wide range of psychological difficulties which can be experienced by people affected by the HD gene expansion, the adopted interventions only accounted for five main psychological outcomes (anxiety, apathy, depression, irritability, and coping). Further discussion and suggestions for future research are provided for each outcome. Conclusion: The current literature on psychological interventions in people affected by HD is extremely limited both in terms of methods and addressed clinical outcomes. Consequently, no conclusions can be offered yet as to which psychological therapy may help this population. As further more comprehensive research is urgently needed for this group, the ultimate aim of the present review is to act as a call to arms for HD researchers worldwide to help shed light on the most effective way to translate psychological theory into practice for the benefit of people affected by HD.
Manajemen Perencanaan Program Festival Jazirah Arab untuk Mengembangkan Bahasa dan Seni Arab
Authors: Fatim Al Lastu Nurul , Amin Ahmad Faizal , Nurrahman Tsabit , Arifa Zakiyah
Published: September 2020

This study describes the model of approach, scope, and planning process of the Arabian Peninsula Festival (FJA) program to develop Arabic language and art learning. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. The Data collection used is the method of interview, observation, and documentation. The results of this study are: first, the FJA program uses a bottom-up planning approach model, which overall program planning starts from the proposal or idea of some BSA HMJ management members and lecturers as compilers of the objectives of developing Arabic language and art learning. Second, the scope of this program includes short-term activities that are held regularly once a year and are incidental on a national scale. Third, the planning process has been carried out optimally with a preparation time of two months, then the stages of the activity procedure are clear and easily understood by the participants, namely the assistance of activity guidelines that determine the race by reflecting the development of Arabic language and arts such as speech, singing, poetry, calligraphy, debates, essays, reading news, and MQK in Arabic.
Perceived Stress, Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem in Female University Students
Authors: Afridi Sana , Maqsood Saira
Published: September 2020

The aim of the current study was to assess the perceived stress, life satisfaction and self-esteem of women studying in co-education and uni-gender institutions. The sample comprised a total of 200 female students, 100 from uni-gender institutions and 100 from co-education institutions. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect the data. The standardized Urdu versions of Perceived Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Self-esteem Scale were used to collect the responses of students. SPSS (19th version) was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that women studying in uni-gender institutions are more stressed as compared to female students of co-education institutions but their self-esteem and life satisfaction remain unaffected. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between perceived stress, life satisfaction and self-esteem among female students. Moreover, they also revealed that stress and self-esteem affect the life satisfaction of women studying in co-education and uni-gender institutions. Furthermore, the results also depicted significant relationships between perceived stress, life satisfaction and self-esteem. The study will be helpful in improving the educational systems so that female students may enjoy a better learning environment which will boost up their confidence and self-esteem.
Wind Potential at Two Places (Hawke’s Bay Mast and FFC Mast) of Karachi
Authors: Ali Muhammad Tariq Khan , Khan Abdul Qayyum , Ullah Asmat
Published: September 2020

Wind speed distribution and wind potential were studied at two places, that is, Fauji Fertilizer Company and Hawke’s bay of Karachi. Weibull parameters (k and c) were determined by analyzing the daily wind speed data at Hawke’s bay and FFC Mast for the years 2010 and 2007, respectively. The data was obtained from the website of Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB), Pakistan. To find k and c, four methods (maximum likelihood, empirical method, method of moments, and energy pattern method) were used. The mean wind speed was also predicted by using these four methods.
Volby a demokracie v Malajsii: Politika kontrastů
Authors: Ducháčková Michaela
Published: September 2020

Jak funguje demokracie v Malajsii? Tato monografie jako první v českémprostředí přináší rozsáhlou analýzu volebních a politických jevůodehrávajících se v malajsijské politice. Malajsie prošla do získání svénezávislosti v roce 1957 koloniální nadvládou Portugalska, Nizozemska aVelké Británie. V následujícím složitém období historického vývoje více nežšedesátileté nezávislosti se autor zaměřuje na změny v chápání demokraciea naplňování jejích principů optikou ministerského předsedy, což doplňuje osoudobý pohled na politické hodnoty ze strany obyvatel. V rámci analýzypoukazuje kniha na proměny a nepravidelnosti ve volebních výsledcích,které jsou způsobené jak federativním členěním Malajsie, tak zároveňrasovým a náboženským rozložením napříč státy. Autor čtenáře provedenejen teoretickými podklady a charakteristikami volebních pravidel, nýbrž ireálným průběhem volebního procesu. Publikace se snaží přiblížit pestrostvolební monarchie také českému publiku, protože Malajsie si s ohledem nazásadní specifika volební politiky, a to nejen v porovnání s Evropou, ale i sezbytkem Dálného východu, větší pozornost rozhodně zaslouží.
Analisa Investment Casting Perannya untuk Reparasi Towing Beam Kapal Tunda dengan Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Khristyson Samuel Febriary , Sulaiman Sulaiman , Prahasti Riend
Published: September 2020

Negara kepulauan dapat memanfaatkan laut sebagai media transportasi dan termasuk dalam sarana transportasi dengan kriteria ekonomis dan terjangkau. Sehingga armada pelabuhan di kota-kota pesisir sangat membantu dalam proses loading dan shifting kapal-kapal dengan ukuran besar untuk berlabuh ke sebuah dermaga. Bagian dari kapal tunda yang memiliki peran untuk mengatur dan menarik tali tambang adalah bagian konstruksi towing beam .Konstruksi ini berbahan plat dapat mengalami deformasi akibat beban statis ketika menerima tegangan dari tali tambat yang di hubungkan kepada kapal tongkang. Salah satu upaya untuk memberikan pembaharuan adalah dengan bahan cor, dengan modern investment casting. Sebelum dilakukan pembuatan model castingnya maka perlu dilakukan analisa pada bagian towing beam yang menjadi bagian kekuatan agar menciptakan desain yang optimal dengan metode elemen hingga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan penerapan investment casting pada reparasi towing beam kapal tunda dapat menjadi peluang usaha baru bagi industri manufaktur serta faktor-faktor yang perlu diperhatikan pada saat proses investment casting. Adapun hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam produksi dengan sistem Investment Casting :konsep desain dari model lilin, penggunaan material, akurasi dimensi, jenis densitas materialnya, lapisan ketebalan dari cetakan, serta model support untuk menahan selama proses pengecoran. Dari hasil analisa tegangan maksimum untuk membuat desain yang optimal dari casting pada daerah pengamatan luar adalah 180.12 N/mm2 dan pada daerah pengamatan dalam adalah 143.34 N/mm2 .Sedangkan untuk penerapan investment casting pada produksi towing beam kapal tunda dapat menjadi peluang usaha baru bagi industri manufaktur karena dapat mempersingkat waktu dengan man power yang sama sebesar 52%  atau selisih estimasi waktu 15 jam setara dengan 2,5 hari kerja. dan memperingan biaya fabrikasi bagi industri galangan kapal sehingga mereduksi biaya reparasi 41 % yaitu mengurangi biaya fabrikasi dan quality repair cost
Perancangan dan Analisis Perhitungan Rangka Mesin Mobil Listrik Sula Politeknik Negeri Subang
Authors: Efendi Adhan
Published: September 2020

Mobil listrik merupakan salah satu teknologi terbaru dalam dunia otomotif yang digerakan dengan energi yang bersumber dari baterai atau tempat penyimpanan energi lainnya. Pembuatan mobil listrik ini adalah salah satu langkah yang diambil untuk membantu mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil yang menyebabkan terjadinya globalisasi, sehingga akan menghemat energi. Pembuatan mobil listrik sendiri harus memiliki efesiensi tinggi sehingga dapat menghemat penggunaan baterai. Salah satunya adalah dengan cara membuat desain rangka yang kuat dan ringan yang nantinya akan mengurangi beban dan hambatan udara pada saat dijalankan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan proses pembuatan desain rangka mobil listrik ini dimulai dari melakukan studi literatur dan pengumpulan data, dilanjutkan melakukan observasi lapangan, setelah itu membuat desain rangka mobil menggunakan perangkat lunak komputer berupa CAD (Computer Aided Design).
Proses Quenching and Partitioning Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Baja Karbon Medium
Authors: Alhamidi Ali
Published: September 2020

Baja WRM 1045 adalah baja karbon sedang yang menawarkan sifat mekanik yang baik dan diterapkan untuk industri otomotif seperti poros engkol. Menurut JIS G4051 bahwa sifat mekanik untuk poros engkol diharapkan memiliki kekuatan luluh ~ 490 MPa, kekuatan tarik minimum, dan  perpanjangan 686 MPa dan 17%. Dalam penelitian ini, baja WRM 1045 diproses melalui proses Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P). Itu dilakukan dengan variasi waktu penahanan  30 dan 60 menit selama austenitisasi dan suhu partisi 225, 250, 275, dan 300 ℃. Pengujian tarik, uji kekerasan dan metalografi dilakukan untuk menentukan sifat mekanik dan struktur mikro baja WRM KS1045. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat mekanik menurun dengan meningkatnya suhu partisi dan waktu penahanan austenit. Semakin tinggi sifat mekanik dicapai setelah waktu tahan austenit 60 menit dan suhu partisi 275 ℃ dengan kekuatan luluh 520,70 MPa, kekuatan tarik 784,63 MPa, perpanjangan 15%, dan kekerasan 93,33 HRB. Analisis struktur mikro optik terdiri dari martensit dan retensi austenit setelah proses Q&P.
Optimasi Kolom Pemisahan di Kilang Propylene Pertamina RU IV Cilacap
Authors: Haryani Kristinah
Published: September 2020

Distilasi merupakan salah satu proses terpenting dalam pengolahan minyak bumi. Propylene Recovery Unit (PRU) merupakan unit yang berfungsi untuk memisahkan dan mengolah LPG campuran (Propylene, Propane, Ethylene, Ethane, n-butane, methane, iso butane) dari Unit LPG Merox. Produk utama yang dihasilkan dari unit Propylene Recovery Unit ini adalah produk Propylene dan LPG. Feed pada unit PRU berupa produk LPG campuran  yang selanjutnya akan mengalami proses pemisahan pada kolom pemisahan Propane Propylene. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi menggunakan simulasi dan analisa data diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa jumlah teoritical tray berdasarkan umpan pada verifikasi data desain sudah sesuai dengan jumlah teoritical tray sebenarnya. Jumlah teoritical tray berdasarkan umpan pada bulan Mei dan Juni sudah sesuai dengan jumlah teoritical sebenarnya. Namun dengan nilai Refuks Ratio Minimum diatas batas maksimalnya. Pada optimasi Refluk Rate pada bulan Mei didapatkan hasil semakin tinggi nilai Refluks Rate maka jumlah yield Propylene nya akan naik sedangkan kemurnian nya akan menurun. Dan untuk optimasi Tekanan Kondenser didapatkan hasil bahwa semakin tinggi tekanan kondenser nya maka hasil yield Propylene juga akan semakin naik. Namun untuk kemurniannya, kenaikan tekanan kondenser tidak berpengaruh. Pada optimasi Refluk Rate pada bulan Juni didapatkan hasil semakin tinggi nilai Refluks Rate maka jumlah yield Propylene nya akan naik sedangkan untuk kemurnian nya akan menurun. Dan untuk optimasi Tekanan Kondenser didapatkan hasil bahwa semakin tinggi tekanan kondenser nya maka hasil yield Propylene dan purity Propane juga akan semakin naik.
SURAT KETERANGAN TANAH (SKT) YANG DIBUAT KEPALA DESA SEBAGAI ALAS HAK DALAM RANGKA PENDAFTARAN TANAH
Authors: THALIB MUH. ZEIN
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the strength and legal position of land certificates made by the Village Head as the basis of rights in the framework of land registration. The research method used is normative research conducted through library research or library research. In conclusion, the legal strength of the Land Certificate made by the Village Head as the basis of rights in the framework of land registration is an explanation of the land history concerning where the land came from, who physically controlled the land and its boundaries. So that the land certificate serves as evidence of strengthening physical mastery when the applicant does not have or complete proof of his mastery. The legal position of Land Certificate as the basis of rights in the framework of land registration after the issuance of Circular of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning / Head of the National Land Agency Number 1756 / 15.I / IV / 2016 is no longer needed when the document is incomplete or non-existent. The Circular only requires a statement of mastery of the physical field of land made by the applicant himself and stamped with the name of the witnesses.
Strategi Kemitraan Antara KUD Musuk Dengan Peternak Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Dan Kesejahteraan Peternak Sapi Perah Di Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Retnaningsih Nugraheni , Basuki Joko Setyo
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine whether the strategic partnerships between cooperatives Musuk with dairy farmers in terms of attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of farmers has been running effectively to increase the income and welfare of dairy farmers in the sub-district Musuk, Boyolali. The method used is a case study that analyzed descriptively based on the Likert scale. Analysis of  partnership strategy is done by using the measurements of Likert Scale. Data were collected using questionnaires, classified, scoring, tabulated, analyzed, and then interpreted to determine the partnership strategy implemented. The results of the analysis of strategic partnerships between cooperatives Musuk with dairy farmers said to be effective, because the values obtained on a Likert scale of 71%.Keywords: Strategi Partnership, KUDMusuk, Dairy farmers
Strategi Bersaing Keripik Singkong Cap Gerus Produksi UKM Sumekar Pratiwi Kabupaten Tuban
Authors: Mahfud Mohamad Harisudin , Setyowati Setyowati , Utami Nizar
Published: September 2020

This research aim to assess the determinants of success of Cassava Chips Gerus, assess the competitive position of Cassava Chips Gerus, and formulate the alternative strategies for SME Sumekar Pratiwi in order to market their products. The basic method used in this research is descriptive analytic. Subject of this research is determined purposively. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. This study used Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) as its analysis data method. The result shows factors that determined the success of cassava chips Gerus brand. Based on CPM analytic, the product of cassava chips Gerus brand (3.116) occupies the second position in comparison to its competitors, namely cassava chips C (2.058) and cassava chips D (1.655). Cassava chips B (3,171) occupies the first position. Alternative competitive strategy that can be applied to the cassava chips Gerus is to promote the brand Gerus brand through sales-force promotion, conduct product positioning to create the image of quality products: that taste more savory, has the most recognized brands, more attractive label design and label information is more informative, and benchmark color, taste of the final product after the meal and set prices quantity discounts to final consumersKey words: Cassava Chips, Competitive Profile Matrix, Competitive Strategy
The effect of Consumption of Black Sorbean Tempe against Blood Plasma Amino Acid Profiles of Rats
Authors: Nurrahman Nurrahman
Published: September 2020

Tempe is a food derived from plant materials that have a high-quality protein, easy to digest and low anti-nutritional. This study aims to determine the effect of the consumption of black soybean tempe against blood plasma amino acid profiles of rats. A total of 20 rats were grouped into 5 (five). Rats were placed in individual cages and room temperature (25 - 27oC). Maintained for 30 days of each group were treated with the standard feeding and feed plus black soybean tempe flour (25, 50, 75 and 100% instead of casein). On day 31, as many as 20 rats as much as 1 ml of blood is taken. Obtained blood plasma was separated to be used for the analysis of amino acid profile. The results showed that there were 14 types of amino acids  detected in the blood plasma. The highest amino acid was glutamic acid and the lowest was glutamine. Consumption of black soybean tempe increased blood plasma amino acid levels.
Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Daging Ayam Broiler Melalui Pemberian Ekstrak Meniran
Authors: Astuti Puji , Suripta Heru , PM Lusia Risyani
Published: September 2020

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of extracts Phyllanthus niruri extracted with water and methanol as a substitute for commercial feed additive to determine the impact on the meat quality of broilers. The research use 200  broilers  which were devided  into four treatments and four replication: 1) Control, broilers were given drinking water without Phyllanthus niruri extract,  2) broilers were given  feed additive commercially (bacitracin), 3) broilers were given methanol extract   as much as  40 mg / l; and 4) broilers were given water extract  as much as of 40 mg / l of drinking water. Each replication consisted of  10  broilers. At the end of the research, four  broilers from each treatment were cut. The research used the completely randomized design. The variables observed were  performance (feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion), characteristics of the carcass (carcass percentage, meat and bone ratio, and percentage of abdominal fat), and the quality of the meat (fat, cholesterol, and unsaturated fatty acids). Data were analyzed variance analysis. The results showed that feed consumption (84,80 vs 89,31; 89,16; 9163 g/head/day), body weight gain (55,87 vs 59,57; 59,34; 59,70 g/head/day), carcass characteristics, and meat quality were influenced by Phyllanthus niruri extract. Water extracts provide better meat quality than the methanol extract.
Kualitas Viskositas Dan Kekuatan Gel Gelatin Kulit Domba Yang Dihidrolisis Mengunakan Larutan NaOH
Authors: Rahmawati Yuniarti Dewi , Hasdar Muhamad
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas viskoitas dan kekuatan gel gelatin kulit domba yang hidrolisis menggunakan larutan NaOH. Penelitian ini mengunakan kosentasi larutan NaOH (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5% b/v) dengan lama perendaman 3  jam. Desain penelitian mengunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah. Kualitas viskositas terbaik dengan nilai 2,35 ± 0,03 cP dan kualitas kekuatan gel terbaik dengan nilai 123,26 ± 0,63 bloom. Kualitas viskositas dan kekuatan gel pada penelitian ini masih memenuhi syarat GMIA. Kata kunci : gelatin, kekuatan gel, kulit domba, NaOH, viskositas
Proteksi Tepung Ikan Menggunakan Asap Cair dari Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap pH dan NH3
Authors: Purwanti Catur Suci
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui Pengaruh Proteksi Tepung Ikan Menggunakan Asap Cair dari Tempurung Kelapa terhadap Fermentabilitas In Vitro dilihat dari NH3 dan pH dan mengetahui konsentrasi asap  cair  yang dapat digunakan pada proteksi bahan pakan tinggi protein. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan 2 ulangan. Perlakuan sebagai berikut: : P0 = Tepung ikan tanpa perlakuan, P1 = Tepung ikan + Asap cair dari tempurung kelapa konsentrasi 10%, P2 = Tepung ikan + Asap cair dari tempurung kelapa konsentrasi 20%, P3 = Tepung ikan + Asap cair dari tempurung kelapa konsentrasi 30%. Peubah yang diamati NH3 dan pH. Masing-masing perlakuan ditambahkan asap cair sebanyak 5 %. Tepung ikan diproteksi dengan asap cair dari tempurung kelapa caranya dengan menyemprotkan asap cair tersebut ke bahan tersebut  kemudian didiamkan semalam. Hasil rerata nilai kadar NH3 pada penelitian ini antara 11 – 23 mg/100 gram.  Rerata pH P0 dan P1 yang dihasilkan adalah 5,75±0,01 dan 5,51±0,01 sedangkan P2 dan P3 masing-masing 5,32±0,01 dan 5,20±0,01. Kadar NH3 dan pH yang ideal sesuai dengan kondisi didalam rumen adalah proteksi tepung ikan mengunakan  asap cair dengan konsentrasi  0% dan 10 %  Kata kunci : Asap cair, NH3, pH, proteksi, tepung ikan
Analisis Efisiensi Teknis dan Ekonomi Penggunaan Faktor-Faktor Produksi Pada Usahatani Jagung Hibrida di Kelompok Tani Sidomulyo 01 Kecamatan Sukolilo Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Dewi Agustina Rosarinda Yudhi Tungga , Santoso Siswanto I , Prasetyo Edy
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis efisiensi teknis dan ekonomi usahatani tanaman jagung hibrida di Desa Porang - Paring, Kecamatan Sukolilo, Kabupaten Pati. Responden dalam penelitian  ini adalah  petani  jagung hibrida anggota Kelompok Tani Sido Mulyo 01 yang tinggal di Desa Porang - Paring. Metode penelitian menggunakan survei, penentuan responden menggunakan metode Simple Random Sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 57 petani dari populasi sebanyak 133 petani jagung hibrida. Analisis efisien teknis dan ekonomi menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan fungsi produksi model Cobb-Douglas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 bahwa seluruh faktor produksi secara serempak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi jagung hibrida, dan secara parsial faktor produksi luas lahan, benih, pestisida memiliki nilai signifikansi < 0,005 sehingga faktor produksi berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi jagung hibrida, sedangkan faktor produksi pupuk urea, pupuk phonska, pupuk organik dan tenaga kerja memiliki nilai signifikansi > 0,005 sehingga tidak berpengaruh nyata. Berdasarkan hasil analisis efisiensi teknis, faktor produksi produksi luas lahan sebesar 0,638 ; benih sebesar 0,125 ; pupuk urea sebesar 0,021 ;  pupuk phonska sebesar 0,014 ; pupuk organik sebesar -0,029 ; pestisida sebesar 0,214 dan tenaga kerja sebesar 0,025. Faktor produksi tidak mencapai efisiensi teknis dengan nilai elatisitas produksi berada dibawah angka satu. Hasil analisis efisiensi ekonomi, faktor produksi luas lahan sebesar 3,234 ; benih sebesar 3,059 ; pupuk phonska sebesar 1,016 dan pestisida sebesar 7,327 nilai berada diatas angka 1 sehingga penggunaan faktor produksi belum efisien. Nilai efisiensi ekonomi faktor produksi pupuk urea sebesar 0,976 ; pupuk organik sebesar -6,516 dan tenaga kerja sebesar 0,162 nilai berada dibawah angka 1 sehingga tidak mencapai efisiensi ekonomi. Kata Kunci  : efisiensi, ekonomi, faktor-faktor produksi, jagung hibrida.
探究建筑工程管理的现代化和精细化
Authors: 申 玉美
Published: September 2020

建筑工程的管理水平对建筑工程的质量有决定性的作用，而建筑工程的质量是提高建筑企业市场竞争力的重要保障。随着科学技术的进步，建筑工程管理也得到了发展，越来越趋向于管理的现代化和精细化。在此背景下，本文从建筑工程管理的现代化和精细化的重要性入手，然后分析了目前建筑工程管理中存在的问题，并提出了加强建筑工程管理的现代化和精细化的措施，以期能够为建筑工程管理的发展带来借鉴。
水利工程质量与施工进度控制研究
Authors: 缑 玉玲
Published: September 2020

近几年，我国的经济正在取得飞速的发展，越来越多的建筑在我国兴起，水利工程项目也在增多。水利工程项目的开展，为我国的就业和能源的利用等方面做出了巨大的贡献。水利工程的质量好坏对水利工程最终的能源利用效率起到了重要的决定作用。所以在开展水利工程时，应该重视水利工程的质量和施工进度的控制。本文主要从水里施工的一些较为基础的概念出发，叙述了水利工程施工进度的管理与控制、质量监督的方法，保障最终的水利工程项目可以达到施工目标要求。
城市道路园林绿化的行道树规划配置分析
Authors: 高 立红
Published: September 2020

经济的发展带动人们生活水平的不断提升，人们越来越注重生活环境的改善，因此在城市建设过程当中，去加强了城市道路园林绿化的建设，充分发挥园林绿化的重要净化作用，并且增强整体城市内部的美化性，良好的去促进城市内部的生态环境建设。在城市道路园林绿化建设过程当中，行道树木的规划配置的合理性也能够有效的去提升整体绿化建设的美观性，同时也能够保证树木充分发挥其重要的净化作用，去改善周边空气质量，并且良好的去维护整体城市道路的通行状况。这就需要不断的去在城市道路园林的设计与过程当中更加科学合理的去对行道树木进行固定化分配，充分的去与城市道路的实际状况相结合，提升整体规划设计的可行性。
66 Yaşında Kadın Hastada Yeni Tanı ALCAPA Sendromu
Authors: KERKÜTLÜOĞLU Murat , ÇELİK Enes , ÖZTÜRK Bayram , GÜNEŞ Hakan
Published: September 2020

Sol koroner arterin pulmoner arterden (ALCAPA) anormal kökeni, nadir görülen doğuştan kalp anomalisidir. Genellikle klinik seyir; ileri sol kalp yetmezliği ve yaşamın ilk aylarında ortaya çıkan mitral kapak yetersizliğidir. Bununla birlikte, bazı durumlarda sağ koroner arterden oluşan kollateraller miyokard perfüzyonu için yeterlidir. ALCAPA'lı hastalarda aritmi veya erişkin yaşamda ani kalp ölümü ilk klinik başvuru olabilir. Göğüs ağrısı ve çarpıntı şikayetleri ile acil servise başvuran ve sol koroner arterde anormal köken saptanan 66 yaşında kadın hastayı sunmaktayız.
Kisspeptin’in Gelişimsel Döneme Bağlı Olarak Dişi Sıçanlarda Medial Preoptik Bölgede İn Vitro Noradrenalin Salıverilmesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: GÜL Zülfiye , BÜYÜKUYSAL Levent R.
Published: September 2020

Üçüncü ventrikülün rostral periventriküler bölgesinde lokalize olan kisspeptin nöronlarının, ovulasyon öncesi LH salıverilmesinden sorumlu olan GnRH nöronlarının major stimülatörü olduğu son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ile ortaya konmuştur. GnRH salıverilmesinin bir diğer ana modülatörü ise noradrenerjik sistemdir. Kisspeptinerjik ve noradrenerjik nöronların medial preoptik bölgedeki (MPB) yerleşimleri çok yakınlık göstermekle birlikte, bu iki sistem arasındaki ilişkinin yapılacak çalışmalar ile aydınlatılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışma gelişim dönemi farklı dişi Sprague Dawley sıçanların MPB’sinden hazırlanan beyin dilimleri kullanılarak kisspeptinin noradrenalin (NA) salıverilmesi üzerine direk etkisinin olup olmadığını ortaya koymak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Oksijenlenmiş Krebs solüsyonu içeren inkübasyon kuyucuklarına yerleştirilen dilimler preinkübasyon dönemi ardından 60 dakika boyunca kisspeptin (40 ve 400 μM) ile inkübe edildi. İnkübasyon periyodu sonrasında inkübasyon ortamı salınan NA düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla kullanıldı. Salıverilmenin Ca2+ ile ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla Ca2+’suz Krebs solüsyonu ve hücre dışı Ca2+ şelasyonu için 400 μM BAPTA kullanıldı. Prepubertal, adölesan ve yetişkin dişi sıçanların MPB’den elde edilen dilimlerin 40 ve 400 μM kisspeptin ile inkübasyonu prepubertal dönemdeki dilimlerden NA salıverilmesini etkilemezken, adölesan ve yetişkin sıçanlarda ise salıverilmenin anlamlı olarak arttığı gözlendi. Ca2+’un ortamdan uzaklaştırılması kisspeptin kaynaklı NA salıverilmesinde anlamlı bir düşüşe (p‹0.05) neden olması veziküler salım mekanizmasının ekstrasellüler Ca+2 iyonlarına bağımlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Kisspeptinin NA salıverilmesini direkt olarak uyarabildiğini gösteren bu bulgular, söz konusu peptidin NA salıverilmesi üzerinden GnRH salıverilmesini indirekt olarak modüle edebileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Yetmiş Beş Yaş ve Üstü Hastalarda Kemik İliği Değerlendirmesinin Klinik Yaklaşıma Katkısı Var mıdır?
Authors: AYTAN Pelin , YERAL Mahmut , KOÇER Emrah , BOĞA Can
Published: September 2020

Yaşlı hastalarda, özellikle de orta/ileri yaşlılık olarak tanımlanan ≥75 yaş grubunda kemik iliği değerlendirmenin klinik uygulamalardaki yeri net değildir. Bu çalışmada ≥75 yaşındaki hastalarda yapılan kemik iliği biyopsi ve aspirasyon endikasyonlarının, sonuçlarının ve yapılan kemik iliği incelemesinin klinik yaklaşıma ve sonuçlara katkısının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ocak 2014- Aralık 2018 yılları arasında kliniğimizde kemik iliği incelemesi yapılan tüm ≥75 yaş hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların klinik özellikleri ve laboratuvar kan değerleri, periferik yayma, kemik iliği aspirasyon ve biyopsi sonuçları, aldıkları tedaviler ve sağ kalımları değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen 81 hastanın ortalama yaşı 80,4±4 yıldı (75-95). İşleme bağlı komplikasyon görülmedi. Sitopeniler en sık endikasyondu. Anemi %87,6 oranında görülürken, lökopeni %25,9 ve trombositopeni %50,6 oranında görülmekteydi. En sık konulan tanı miyelodisplastik sendromdu (MDS). Yine multipl miyelom, miyeloproliferatif hastalıklar ve non-Hodgkin lenfoma MDS’yi takip ediyordu. Aspirasyon ve biyopsi yüksek oranda uyum göstermekteydiler. Genel olarak tedavi alan hastalarda ortanca sağ kalım süresi 69 ayken, almayan grupta 35 aydı. Yine 2 yıllık genel sağ kalım tedavi alan hastalarda %57 iken, almayan hastalarda %41,7 idi. Sonuç olarak ≥75 yaş hastalarda, ileri yaşa özgü hematolojik ve bazı non-hematolojik hastalıkların tanısının konulması için kemik iliği incelemesi güvenle yapılabilir. Kemik iliği incelemesinin endikasyonları çocuk ve genç erişkinlerinkinden farklıdır. Bu incelemeyle tanısı konulan hastalıklarda uygulanan tedaviler ile sağ kalım artmaktadır. Bu nedenle endikasyon varlığında, tanının konulması ve uygun tedavinin başlanması yolu ile sağ kalımı arttırmak için kemik iliği incelemesi bu yaş grubuna önerilmelidir.
Pediyatrik Kaudal Anestezi Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi: Ulusal Anket Çalışması
Authors: TOPAL Ümit Hüseyin , YEREBAKAN AKESEN Selcan , YAVAŞCAOĞLU Belgin
Published: September 2020

Kaudal blok pediyatrik rejyonal anestezi pratiğinde çok sık kullanılan bir tekniktir. Ancak klinik pratikte kaudal blok uygulamaları hakkında çok az bilgi mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de anestezistler tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılan kaudal blok ile ilgili; anestezistin deneyimini, uygulanan teknikleri, kullanılan ilaçları ve kaudal epidural kateter tekniğinin kullanım sıklığını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Anket çalışmasına, etik kurul onayı sonrası, 553 Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon uzmanı ve araştırma görevlisi katıldı. Formlar ilgili kişilere posta yoluyla veya elden iletildi. Katılımcıların büyük kısmı uzman anestezi doktoru olarak görev yapmaktaydı ve genelde 5 yıldan az pediyatrik anestezi deneyimine sahiplerdi. Sıklıkla 22- veya 24-gauge mandrenli kaudal iğne kullandıkları, kaudal epidural boşluğa dermoid doku implantasyonu riskinin yüksek olduğunu düşündükleri, aynı zamanda epidural aralığa yerleşimin doğrulanması için klinik belirteçleri kullandıkları saptandı. Lokal anestezik olarak sıklıkla % 0,125-0,25’lik bupivakain ve additif ilaç olarak çoğunlukla opioid kullandıkları, kaudal kateter kullanım oranının çok düşük olduğu ve asepsi yöntemi olarak genelde yalnızca eldiven kullanıldığı görüldü. Genellikle kaudal bloğun indüksiyon sonrası yapıldığı ve anestezi idamesinde inhalasyon anestezisi kullanıldığı, aynı zamanda kaudal bloğun en sık ürogenital operasyonlarda tercih edildiği saptandı. Sonuç olarak, pediyatrik anestezide kaudal bloğun güvenli olarak uygulanması için kullanılan teknik ve ilaçların değerlendirileceği uluslararası katılımlı çok merkezli çalışmalara gereksinim olduğu kanısına vardık.
Mukozal Bağışıklığın Anahtarı ''M'' Hücreleri
Authors: DAĞDEVİREN Tugba , ÜNVER SARAYDIN Serpil
Published: September 2020

Vücuttaki lenfoid dokunun büyük bir kısmı bağırsaklarda bulunur. Burası aynı zamanda yabancı antijenlerin vücuda giriş çıkış yaptığı yerdir. Gıdasal patojenler, komensal bağırsak florası ve istilacı patojenler sindirim sistemi lümeninden vücuda girebilir. Bu patojenlere karşı oluşturulan mukozal bir tabaka engeli vardır. Bu mukoza tabakası, mukoza hücreleri, mikroflora ve bağışıklık sistemine ait hücreler tarafından çevrilmiştir. Mukozal bariyer, immunolojik ya da patojenik potansiyeli yüksek olan faktörlere karşı en önemli savunma mekanizmasıdır. Mukozal epitel içerisine yerleşmiş bağışıklık sistemi hücreleri olan M hücreleri, mukozal bariyerin en önemli bileşenlerinden biridir. T ve B lenfositler, makrofajlar ve bağırsakta bulunan diğer bağışıklık hücreleri ile sürekli etkileşim içindedirler. Bağırsak ilişkili lenfoid doku (GALT) insan vücudunun en büyük lenfoid dokusudur ve neredeyse bağışıklık sistemi hücrelerinin çoğunu barındırır. GALT yapısını Peyer plakları oluşturur. Lenf foliküllerinden oluşan GALT, antijene spesifik IgA üretip, mukozal yüzeye salgılayarak indüktif ve efektör bir fonksiyonla bağışık yanıt oluşmasını gerçekleştirir. Peyer plaklarında M hücresi tarafından alınan antijen, subepitelyal dom bölgesindeki dendritik ya da makrofaj hücreleri gibi antijen sunan hücrelere verilir. M hücreleri, bağırsak epitel bariyeri boyunca bağırsak boşluğundaki partiküllerin, makro ve mikromoleküllerin, mikroorganizmaların aktarımını gerçekleştirir. M hücrelerinin folikül ilişkili epitel ve kript epitelinde bulunan Lgr5+ kök hücrelerden köken aldığı bilinmektedir. M hücrelerinin bilinen en önemli özelliği, mukoza altında yer alan mukoza ilişkili lenfoid dokuya antijen sunmalarıdır. Böylece hem sistemik hem de mukozal immun yanıt oluşturarak mukozal bağışıklığın ilk basamağını gerçekleştirirler. Bu derlemede M hücrelerinin gelişimi, yapısal özellikleri ve fonksiyonları hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.