bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Korelasi Kadar Serum Leptin dengan Aterosklerosis pada Pasien Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Wanita
Authors: Manaek Andi , Kambayana Gede
Published: August 2019

Penyakit kardiovaskular adalah penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia. SLE diduga berkontribusi kuat mempercepat timbulnya aterosklerosis. Baru-baru ini, banyak bukti ditemukan berhubung dengan efek hormon pada sistem imun termasuk efeknya pada penyakit autoimun. Leptin dikenal sebagai hormon yang menyerupai sitokin dengan aksi pleiotropik dalam memodulasi respon imun. Penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya mendapatkan level leptin yang tinggi pada pasien SLE dengan plak aterosklerosis namun berkorelasi lemah dengan carotid Intima Media Thickness (cIMT). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui korelasi serum leptin dengan aterosklerosis pada pasien SLE. Penelitian dilakukan dengan disain analitik potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode simple sampling. Konsentrasi serum leptin diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode ELISA dan aterosklerosis diperiksa dengan mesin Duplex carotid-intima Doppler Ultrasound oleh satu orang dokter spesialis radiologi. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Tingkat kemaknaan jika p < 0,05. Sebanyak 54 orang pasien SLE wanita diikutkan dalam penelitian. Rerata kadar serum leptin  adalah 203,83 ± 179,06 ng/ml. Pada pasien didapatkan rerata CIMT adalah 0,48 ± 0,12 mm dengan frekuensi yang mendapat plak 5,5% dan tidak plak 92,7%. Terdapat korelasi lemah antara kadar serum leptin dengan aterosklerosis dalam hal ini yaitu CIMT (r = 0,028; p = 0,843) dan plak (r = 0,008; p = 0,955), tetapi secara statistik tidak bermakna (p < 0,05). Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan korelasi antara kadar serum leptin dengan aterosklerosis pada pasien SLE wanita.
Studi korelasi : kualitas tidur dan HbA1C pada pasien lanjut usia di poliklinik penyakit dalam RSUP Sanglah
Authors: Wirawan Narakusuma , Aryana I Gusti Putu Suka , Kuswardhani RA Tuty
Published: August 2019

Latar Belakang: Kualitas tidur yang tidak adekuat dapat berimplikasi negatif pada lansia. Kualitas dan durasi tidur diidentifikasi berkorelasi negatif terhadap kadar HbA1C.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas dan durasi tidur malam hari tentang korelasinya terhadap kadar gula darah pada lansia menggunakan instrumen skrining yang valid (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index) dan pengukuran kadar HbA1C setelah dilakukan penyesuaian dengan berbagai variabel perancu.

Metode: Desain cross-sectional dengan pola rekrutmen consecutive random sampling. Total sampel penelitian ini adalah 55 orang, 35 laki-laki (65%) dan 20 wanita (35%); dengan rataan umur 63,53 ± 3,3. Prosedur pengambilan data meliputi wawancara terstruktur (demografi, dan kuesioner PSQI) dan pencatatan gula darah dan HBA1C pasien melalui data rekam medis. Uji statistik menggunakan Spearman dan regresi linier.

Hasil: Terdapat korelasi negatif antara kualitas tidur terhadap HbA1C (Spearman rho = -0.345, p<0,005). Analisis regresi linier yang melibatkan semua faktor perancu didapatkan hasil depresi memiliki korelasi yang lebih kuat dibandingkan kualitas tidur (r = -0,400, p<0,005). 

Simpulan: Kualitas tidur yang buruk dapat menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan resistensi insulin dan penurunan efektivitas hormon insulin sehingga diperlukan kualitas tidur yang cukup untuk memperoleh kontrol glikemik yang optimal.
Seorang penderita hipopituitarisme akibat kraniofaringioma
Authors: Nugraha Ida Bagus Aditya , Winarka Made Arie Dwi , Budiartha Anak Agung Gede
Published: August 2019

Hipopituitarisme merupakan suatu kelainan di bidang endokrinologi yang ditandai dengan kurangnya sekresi baik secara total atau sebagian dari hormone pituitari anterior atau posterior atau keduanya. Kraniofaringioma merupakan tumor intrakranial tersering pada anak-anak dan merupakan tumor tersering pada region hipotalamus dan hipopituitari. Berikut ini akan dilaporkan satu kasus hipopituitarisme yang terjadi pada seorang penderita perempuan usia 15 tahun dengan kraniofaringioma yang juga telah dilakukan tindakan pembedahan.Diagnosis kraniofaringioma ditegakkan berdasarkan manifestasi klinis yaitu adanya gangguan pertumbuhan baik dari tinggi badan, pertubuhan tulang, rambut pada pubis, ketiak, atau ekstremitas, pasien tampak lemas, nafsu makan berkurang sedikit, dan saat kontrol pasien belum haid. Dari pemeriksaan MRI kepala + kontras menunjukan adanya massa di intersella sampai supra sella. Diagnosa hipopituitari didapatkan dari beberapa pemeriksaan hormonal yang terjadi. Penatalaksanaan yang telah dilakukan yaitu terapi pengganti hormonal GH, glukokortikoid, tiroksin, dan estradiol. Monitoring dilakukan tiap 3 bulan awal yang kemudian nantinya dapat diulang tiap 6 bulan.
A Broadband Look at the Old and New ULXs of NGC 6946
Authors: Earnshaw Hannah P. , Grefenstette Brian W. , Brightman Murray , Walton Dominic J. , Barret Didier , Fürst Felix , Harrison Fiona A. , Heida Marianne , Pike Sean N. , Stern Daniel , Webb Natalie A.
Published: August 2019

Two recent observations of the nearby galaxy NGC 6946 with NuSTAR, one simultaneous with an XMM-Newton observation, provide an opportunity to examine its population of bright accreting sources from a broadband perspective. We study the three known ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in the galaxy, and find that ULX-1 and ULX-2 have very steep power-law spectra with

in both cases. Their properties are consistent with being super-Eddington accreting sources with the majority of their hard emission obscured and down-scattered. ULX-3 (NGC 6946 X-1) is significantly detected by both XMM-Newton and NuSTAR at L
X = (6.5 ± 0.1) × 1039 erg s−1, and has a power-law spectrum with Γ = 2.51 ± 0.05. We are unable to identify a high-energy break in its spectrum like that found in other ULXs, but the soft spectrum likely hinders our ability to detect one. We also characterize the new source, ULX-4, which is only detected in the joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observation, at L
X = (2.27 ± 0.07) × 1039 erg s−1, and is absent in a Chandra observation 10 days later. It has a very hard cutoff power-law spectrum with Γ = 0.7 ± 0.1 and

keV. We do not detect pulsations from ULX-4, but its transient nature can be explained either as a neutron star ULX briefly leaving the propeller regime or as a micro-tidal disruption event induced by a stellar-mass compact object.
Stingray: A Modern Python Library for Spectral Timing
Authors: Huppenkothen Daniela , Bachetti Matteo , Stevens Abigail L. , Migliari Simone , Balm Paul , Hammad Omar , Khan Usman Mahmood , Mishra Himanshu , Rashid Haroon , Sharma Swapnil , Ribeiro Evandro Martinez , Blanco Ricardo Valles
Published: August 2019

This paper describes the design and implementation of stingray, a library in Python built to perform time series analysis and related tasks on astronomical light curves. Its core functionality comprises a range of Fourier analysis techniques commonly used in spectral-timing analysis, as well as extensions for analyzing pulsar data, simulating data sets, and statistical modeling. Its modular build allows for easy extensions and incorporation of its methods into data analysis workflows and pipelines. We aim for the library to be a platform for the implementation of future spectral-timing techniques. We describe the overall vision and framework, core functionality, extensions, and connections to high-level command-line and graphical interfaces. The code is well tested, with a test coverage of currently 95%, and is accompanied by extensive Application Program Interface (API) documentation and a set of step-by-step tutorials.
The Duration of Star Formation in Galactic Giant Molecular Clouds. I. The Great Nebula in Carina
Authors: Povich Matthew S. , Maldonado Jessica T. , Nuñez Evan Haze , Robitaille Thomas P.
Published: August 2019

We present a novel infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling methodology that uses likelihood-based weighting of the model fitting results to construct probabilistic Hertzsprung–Russell diagrams (pHRD) for X-ray-identified, intermediate-mass (2–8 M
⊙), pre-main-sequence young stellar populations. This methodology is designed specifically for application to young stellar populations suffering strong, differential extinction (ΔA

V
 > 10 mag), typical of Galactic massive star-forming regions. We pilot this technique in the Carina Nebula Complex (CNC) by modeling the 1–8 μm SEDs of 2269 likely stellar members that exhibit no excess emission from circumstellar dust disks at 4.5 μm or shorter wavelengths. A subset of ∼100 intermediate-mass stars in the lightly obscured Trumpler 14 and 16 clusters have available spectroscopic T
eff, measured from the Gaia-ESO survey. We correctly identify the stellar temperature in 85% of cases, and the aggregate pHRD for all sources returns the same peak in the stellar age distribution as obtained using the spectroscopic T
eff. The SED model parameter distributions of stellar mass and evolutionary age reveal significant variation in the duration of star formation among four large-scale stellar overdensities within the CNC and a large distributed stellar population. Star formation began ∼10 Myr ago and continues to the present day, with the star formation rate peaking ≲3 Myr ago when the massive Trumpler 14 and 16 clusters formed. We make public the set of 100,000 SED models generated from standard pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks and our custom software package for generating pHRDs and mass–age distributions from the SED fitting results.
Effects of LESA in Three-dimensional Supernova Simulations with Multidimensional and Ray-by-ray-plus Neutrino Transport
Authors: Glas Robert , Janka H.-Thomas , Melson Tobias , Stockinger Georg , Just Oliver
Published: August 2019

A set of eight self-consistent, time-dependent supernova (SN) simulations in three spatial dimensions (3D) for 9 and 20 M
⊙ progenitors is evaluated for the presence of dipolar asymmetries of the electron lepton-number emission as discovered by Tamborra et al. and termed lepton-number emission self-sustained asymmetry (LESA). The simulations were performed with the Aenus–Alcar neutrino/hydrodynamics code, which treats the energy- and velocity-dependent transport of neutrinos of all flavors by a two-moment scheme with algebraic M1 closure. For each of the progenitors, results with fully multidimensional (FMD) neutrino transport and with ray-by-ray-plus (RbR+) approximation are considered for two different grid resolutions. While the 9 M
⊙ models develop explosions, the 20 M
⊙ progenitor does not explode with the employed version of simplified neutrino opacities. In all 3D models we observe the growth of substantial dipole amplitudes of the lepton-number (electron neutrino minus antineutrino) flux with stable or slowly time-evolving direction and overall properties fully consistent with the LESA phenomenon. Models with RbR+ transport develop LESA dipoles somewhat faster and with temporarily higher amplitudes, but the FMD calculations exhibit cleaner hemispheric asymmetries with a far more dominant dipole. In contrast, the RbR+ results display much wider multipole spectra of the neutrino emission anisotropies with significant power also in the quadrupole and higher-order modes. Our results disprove speculations that LESA is a numerical artifact of RbR+ transport. We also discuss LESA as a consequence of a dipolar convection flow inside of the nascent neutron star and establish, tentatively, a connection to Chandrasekhar’s linear theory of thermal instability in spherical shells.
Magnetohydrodynamic Numerical Simulation of the Outflows Driven by Magnetic Field and Radiation Force from the Corona above a Thin Disk
Authors: Yang Xiao-Hong , Bu De-Fu , Li Qi-Xiu
Published: August 2019

A hot corona is suggested to be above the standard thin disk. The anisotropy of hard X-ray emission in radio-quiet active galactic nuclei implies that the corona is not static and probably moves outwards like winds. We perform two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations to study the outflowing corona driven by magnetic field and radiation force. In our simulations, as the initial state and the boundary condition at the disk surface, the corona temperature is set to 109 K inside a 10 Schwarzschild radius (r
s), while the corona temperature is set to 107 K outside 10 r
s. We employ a weak poloidal magnetic field as the initial magnetic field. A collimated outflow and a wide-angle ordered outflow are observed in our simulations. The collimated outflow is around the rotational axis and has a bulk velocity of ∼0.03–0.3c (c is speed of light) at 90 r
s, while their mass outflow rate is very low. The collimated outflow is a weak jet. The wide-angle ordered outflow is distributed at middle and high latitudes and moves outwards with a velocity of 102–104 km s−1. The outflow velocity depends on the disk luminosity. The gas around the disk surface is turbulent, especially outside of 10 r
s. The other properties of outflows are discussed in detail.
Constraining the Radio Emission of TRAPPIST-1
Authors: Hughes A. G. , Boley A. C. , Osten R. A. , White J. A.
Published: August 2019

TRAPPIST-1 is an ultracool dwarf (UCD) with a system of seven terrestrial planets, at least three of which orbit in the habitable zone. The radio emission of such low-mass stars is poorly understood; few UCDs have been detected at radio frequencies at all, and the likelihood of detection is only loosely correlated with stellar properties. Relative to other low-mass stars, UCDs with slow rotation such as TRAPPIST-1 tend to be radio dim, whereas rapidly rotating UCDs tend to have strong radio emission—although this is not always the case. We present radio observations of TRAPPIST-1 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at 97.5 GHz and the Very Large Array at 44 GHz. TRAPPIST-1 was not detected at either frequency, and we place 3σ upper flux limits of 10.6 and 16.2 μJy, respectively. We use our results to constrain the magnetic properties and possible outgoing high-energy particle radiation from the star. The presence of radio emission from UCDs is indicative of a stellar environment that could pose a threat to life on surrounding planets. Gyrosynchrotron emission, discernible at frequencies between 20 and 100 GHz, is one of the only processes that can be used to infer the presence of high-energy particles released during magnetic reconnection events. Since M dwarfs are frequent hosts of terrestrial planets, characterizing their stellar emission is a crucial part of assessing habitability. Exposure to outgoing high-energy particle radiation—traceable by radio flux—can erode planetary atmospheres. While our results do not imply that the TRAPPIST-1 planets are suitable for life, we find no evidence that they are overtly unsuitable due to proton fluxes.
A Search of TESS Full-frame Images for a Simultaneous Optical Counterpart to FRB 181228
Authors: Tingay Steven J , Yang Yuan-Pei
Published: August 2019

FRB 181228 was detected by the Molonglo Synthesis Radio Telescope (MOST) at a position and time coincident with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations, representing the first simultaneous multiwavelength data collection for a fast radio burst (FRB). The large imaged field of view of TESS allows a search over the uncertainty region produced by MOST. However, the TESS pixel scale of 21″ and the full-frame image (FFI) cadence of 30 minutes is not optimal for the detection of a fast optical burst (FOB) with a possible millisecond duration. We search the TESS FFIs and find no events with a limiting TESS magnitude of 16, assuming a 30 minute event duration, corresponding to an optical flux density upper limit of approximately 2000 Jy for a ∼1 ms signal duration, assuming no signal loss. In addition, the cosmic-ray mitigation method for TESS significantly reduces its sensitivity to short-timescale transients, which we quantify. We compare our results to the predictions of Yang et al. and find that the upper limit is a factor of 2000 higher than the predicted maximum optical flux density. However, we find that if FRB 181228 had occurred in the galaxy thought to host the nearest FRB detection to date (37 Mpc), an FOB may have been detectable by TESS. In the near future, when the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment and Australian SKA Pathfinder will detect hundreds to thousands of FRBs, TESS may be able to detect FOBs from those rare bright and nearby FRBs within this large population (if more sophisticated cosmic-ray excision can be implemented).
Hydrodynamic Simulations of Asymmetric Propeller Structures in Saturn's Rings
Authors: Seiler M. , Seiß M. , Hoffmann H. , Spahn F.
Published: August 2019

The observation of the non-Keplerian behavior of propeller structures in Saturn’s outer A ring raises the question: how does the propeller respond to the wandering of the central embedded moonlet? Here, we study numerically how the structural imprint of the propeller changes for a libration of the moonlet. It turns out that the libration induces an asymmetry in the propeller, which depends on the libration period and amplitude of the moonlet. Further, we study the dependence of the asymmetry on the libration period and amplitude for a moonlet with a 400 m Hill radius, which is located in the outer A ring. This allows us to apply our findings to the largest known propeller Blériot, which is expected to be of a similar size. For Blériot, we can conclude that, supposing the moonlet is librating with the largest observed period of 11.1 yr and an azimuthal amplitude of about 1845 km, a small asymmetry should be measurable but depends on the moonlet’s libration phase at the observation time. The longitude residuals of other trans-Encke propellers (e.g., Earhart) show amplitudes similar to Blériot, which might allow us to observe larger asymmetries due to their smaller azimuthal extent, allowing us to scan the whole gap structure for asymmetries in one observation. Although the librational model of the moonlet is a simplification, our results are a first step toward the development of a consistent model for the description of the formation of asymmetric propellers caused by a freely moving moonlet.
Patient Comprehension of Common Orthopedic Terminology
Authors: Cosic Filip , Kimmel Lara , Edwards Elton
Published: August 2019

Background:

Medical terminology is often complex and confusing to lay people. Even common terms used by health care professionals often have other meanings and can easily be misinterpreted.

Objective:

This study aimed to identify patient comprehension of common orthopedic terminology across multiple hospital settings.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2016 until November 2016 at an Academic Level 1 trauma center. One hundred and fifty emergency department patients and 150 orthopedic inpatients with isolated orthopedic injuries were included. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of 12 multiple-choice questions determining patient comprehension of common orthopedic terminology.

Key Results:

Total comprehension scores on the questionnaire were scored as number correct out of 11. In the emergency department, the mean total score was 5.01 compared to 5.45 in orthopedic inpatients (
p
= .046). Patients in both groups demonstrated poor understanding of medical terms (including fracture, ruptured tendon) and anatomical terms. In contrast, nonmedical terminology such as broken bone was better understood. Fifty-seven percent of participants stated that they understood their orthopedic condition completely. Notably, there was no correlation (
r
= .15) between comprehension and participants describing that they completely understood their orthopedic condition.

Conclusions:

Emergency department patients and orthopedic inpatients demonstrate poor comprehension of orthopedic terminology. Health care professionals should assume a poor level of comprehension during their interactions with orthopedic patients and ensure that patient communication is clear, concise, and informative to facilitate better patient comprehension, informed consent, and an improved doctor-patient relationship.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(3):e187–e193.]

Plain Language Summary:

This study evaluated patient comprehension of common orthopedic terminology in orthopedic inpatients and patients presenting to the emergency department with orthopedic injuries. This study found that patients demonstrate poor understanding of terminology used commonly by health care professionals, and that patients demonstrated little insight into their lack of comprehension. These findings have implications for doctor-patient communication, informed consent, and patient satisfaction.
Refugee Artists, Architects and Intellectuals Beyond Europe in the 1930s and 1940s: Experiences of Exile in Istanbul and Bombay
Authors: Dogramaci Burcu , Lee Rachel
Published: August 2019

This article follows the hypothesis that the migration movements of artists, architects and intellectuals in the first half of the twentieth century had a profound and long-term impact on art and architectural production and history. During the first half of the twentieth century artists, architects and intellectuals from Europe sought refuge in global metropolises. As hubs of globalizing modernism these cities were places of entrance, transition and creativity for people fleeing their native countries due to changes in political systems, dictatorships and wars, repression, persecution and violence. In the metropolises new transcultural places of artistic encounter were established. Flight, exile and migration brought artistic and architectural concepts, objects and actors around the world into contact, resulting in transformations that are legible in the topographies and structures of cities, particularly in the ”target“ cities. Their urban topographies contain neighbourhoods, places and spaces that were populated, frequented and run by migrants. In addition to providing the migrants with income, employment and exposure, urban institutions, academies, associations and museums were crucial settings for interaction and exchange between the local and migrant populations. In the following we discuss preliminary findings on the connections between exile, modernism and the urban environment in Istanbul and Bombay (now Mumbai). The essay draws on ongoing research from the European Research Council funded project Relocating Modernism. Global Metropolises, Modern Art and Exile (Metromod).
Building Jerusalem at Botany Bay: James Barnet (1827-1904) and John Grant (1857-1928)
Authors: Stiles Mark
Published: August 2019

The Scottish Enlightenment had many distinguished sons in Australia, from Lachlan Macquarie and Alexander Macleay to Charles Nicholson and John Dunmore Lang, among many others. Far more than their English counterparts, who long thought of Australia as merely a penal colony, prominent Scottish emigrants saw the possibility of building a new Jerusalem at the Antipodes.In this paper I have chosen to contrast the careers of two such men, the architect James Barnet (1827-1904) and the trade unionist John Grant (1857-1928). Both grew up in the building trade and served their apprenticeships in Britain but went on to very different careers in Australia. One became the Colonial Architect of New South Wales, determined to give the rapidly-growing colony a distinguished public architecture, much of whose prodigious legacy remains to this day. The other became the leader of the Stonemasons’ Society and a pioneer of the Australian labour movement, equally determined to give his new country a legacy of a different kind, the foundations of a more progressive and socially just society. Between them they represent the two poles of nineteenth-century Australian aspirations, the individual and the collective, and their careers offer an illuminating contrast of the ways in which men chose to make their way in the new world, and of how that world might be transformed in the light of reason with a particular Scottish inflection.
The Contributions and Challenges of Government-Organized Non-Governmental Organizations to Community Development
Authors: Belay Degwale Gebeyehu
Published: August 2019

This study considers the contributions and challenges of Amhara Development Association (ADA) to community development. Drawing up on the findings of a qualitative research approach, this article argues that despite government-oriented non-governmental organizations (GONGOs) contribute to community development, the development could not be effective and less recognized by the targeted community unless participatory. ADA has made some remarkable contributions for the community in its intervention areas of education and health though the community did not recognize the contributions and labeled it negatively. This is due to the challenges that ADA faced, which include political affiliation, lack of adequate and permanent employees, lack of community awareness, ADA affiliation to political organization of a nation, lack of finance, a top down approach of service delivery, and a lack of trust and accountability. Due to these challenges, ADA was less successful to bring real community development.
Which Kinds of Legitimacy is Important?
Authors: Li Xueling , Ma Qiang , Wang Chong , Chen Yong
Published: August 2019

Although legitimacy has been identified as a vital issue for firms, existing literatures of legitimacy for firms mainly focus on one stage in their life cycle. To this end, this article applies the theory of cooperate life cycle to explore what the proper legitimacy that firms should obtain to increase their performance at their development stages. The authors develop a research model and run an empirical test on 496 IT firms. The results show that cognitive legitimacy, normative legitimacy, and regulative legitimacy play different roles across the life cycle of firms. The authors also find that proper strategy at the three stages in firms' life cycle can help them acquire and enhance the appropriate legitimacy. Furthermore, the proper legitimacy will help firms improve their performance. The findings are proved in a case study on 58.com, a leading classifieds information provider in China. This article makes contributions to management literature by extending the theory of legitimacy for firms and providing guidelines for firms to obtain the proper legitimacy at each stage of their life cycle.
Identification of Carbides in Tool Steel by Selective Etching
Authors: Novák Pavel , Nová Kateřina , Jaworska Lucyna , Shishkin Andrei
Published: August 2019

This paper describes simple metallographic technique for selective etching of individual types of carbides (MC, M2C and M6C and M7C3) in tool steel. Electrolytic etching in chromic acid was used in order to reveal the MC carbides. Chemical etching in permanganate solution revealed the M2C and M6C carbides, while the electrolytic etching in the latter solution enabled to observe M7C3, M2C and M6C carbides. These techniques were demonstrated on an experimental niobium-containing tool steel prepared by powder metallurgy. The results confirm that the MC carbides are highly thermally stable, while the M2C carbides decompose during austenitizing at the temperature of 1050 °C and higher. The M7C3 carbides dissolve in the austenite significantly. This exact and simple observation of the carbides behaviour enables to describe the role of particular carbides on heat treatment behaviour and also to save the carbide-forming elements, where the important ones (tungsten, vanadium) are listed as critical raw materials and the others (chromium and molybdenum) are also strategic.
Reliability of AFC Chain through Galvanizing
Authors: Scott Cindy Liu , Metcalfe Roger G.
Published: August 2019

This paper summarizes several corrosion tests and in service trials of chain with different surface conditions operated in corrosive underground mining environment of a Queensland coal mine. Galvanized chain has been employed by more and more Australian coal mines, despite the stigma against such chain formed more than a decade ago regarding susceptibility of galvanized chain to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Trials of short lengths of galvanized links and salt spray testing were used to verify the effectiveness of the galvanized chains.
Optimization of Thermal Spray Parameters of NiAl/Cr2C3 Coating by Taguchi Method
Authors: Tahari M. , Luo B. , Geng J. , Jing D. , Hatami M.
Published: August 2019

In this study the effect of thermal spray process on wear resistance of NiAl/Cr2C3 thermal spray coating has been investigated. For this purpose the NiAl power mixed with 10 %wt. Cr2C3 powder and milled for 1 hrs at argon atmosphere. The APS parameters such as voltage (V), current (A), spray distance (mm), powder feed rate (gr/min), were optimize using a response surface methodology. For investigation effect of spray parameters on quality of coatings, the porosity and wear resistance of coatings analyzed with SEM and pin on disk wear test. Results show that increase of voltage and current are more effective other parameters. Increasing of powder feed rate and spray distance raised porosity of coatings intensively.
CRP Induces NETosis in Heart Failure Patients with or without Diabetes
Authors: Vulesevic Branka , Lavoie Simon S , Neagoe Paul-Eduard , Dumas Elizabeth , Räkel Agnès , White Michel , Sirois Martin G
Published: August 2019

C-reactive protein (CRP) is recognized as a biomarker of chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with vascular disorders. Lately, the role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been investigated as a potential source of chronic inflammation and cardiovascular complications. This study investigated NETs as a marker of inflammation in patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and examined the correlation between NETs and CRP. We performed a noninterventional study including patients with HF with or without T2DM, T2DM, and a healthy control (HC) group. NETs and other inflammatory markers in serum were measured by ELISA. The release of NETs (NETosis) in vitro under various stimuli was measured by confocal microscopy. The levels of NETs in the serum of HF patients were significantly higher compared with HC (112%). Serum CRP concentrations were significantly increased in HF and HF plus T2DM patients compared with HC, and a positive correlation was observed between serum CRP and NETs levels. Neutrophils from HF and HF plus T2DM patients underwent in vitro NETs release faster than T2DM and HC without any stimuli. In vitro, serum collected from the HF and the HF plus T2DM group induced NETosis in healthy neutrophils significantly more when compared with HC and T2DM, which was prevented by depletion from CRP. We confirmed in vitro that CRP induces a concentration-dependent NETs synthesis. This study proposes a mechanism by which CRP increases the risk of future cardiovascular events and supports mounting evidences on the role of neutrophils in chronic low-grade inflammation associated with HF.
Dendritic Cell Accumulation in the Gut and Central Nervous System Is Differentially Dependent on α4 Integrins
Authors: Sie Christopher , Perez Laura Garcia , Kreutzfeldt Mario , Potthast Maria , Ohnmacht Caspar , Merkler Doron , Huber Samuel , Krug Anne , Korn Thomas
Published: August 2019

Homing of pathogenic CD4+ T cells to the CNS is dependent on α4 integrins. However, it is uncertain whether α4 integrins are also required for the migration of dendritic cell (DC) subsets, which sample Ags from nonlymphoid tissues to present it to T cells. In this study, after genetic ablation of Itga4 in DCs and monocytes in mice via the promoters of Cd11c and Lyz2 (also known as LysM), respectively, the recruitment of α4 integrin–deficient conventional and plasmacytoid DCs to the CNS was unaffected, whereas α4 integrin–deficient, monocyte-derived DCs accumulated less efficiently in the CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a competitive setting than their wild-type counterparts. In a noncompetitive setting, α4 integrin deficiency on monocyte-derived DCs was fully compensated. In contrast, in small intestine and colon, the fraction of α4 integrin–deficient CD11b+CD103+ DCs was selectively reduced in steady-state. Yet, T cell–mediated inflammation and host defense against Citrobacter rodentium were not impaired in the absence of α4 integrins on DCs. Thus, inflammatory conditions can promote an environment that is indifferent to α4 integrin expression by DCs.
Regulation of the Germinal Center Reaction and Somatic Hypermutation Dynamics by Homologous Recombination
Authors: Hirth Gianna , Svensson Carl-Magnus , Böttcher Katrin , Ullrich Steffen , Figge Marc Thilo , Jungnickel Berit
Published: August 2019

During somatic hypermutation (SHM) of Ig genes in germinal center B cells, lesions introduced by activation-induced cytidine deaminase are processed by multiple error-prone repair pathways. Although error-free repair by homologous recombination (HR) is crucial to prevent excessive DNA strand breakage at activation-induced cytidine deaminase off-target genes, its role at the hypermutating Ig locus in the germinal center is unexplored. Using B cell–specific inactivation of the critical HR factor Brca2, we detected decreased proliferation, survival, and thereby class switching of ex vivo–activated B cells. Intriguingly, an HR defect allowed for a germinal center reaction and affinity maturation in vivo, albeit at reduced amounts. Analysis of SHM revealed that a certain fraction of DNA lesions at C:G bp was indeed repaired in an error-free manner via Brca2 instead of being processed by error-prone translesion polymerases. By applying a novel pseudo-time in silico analysis of mutational processes, we found that the activity of A:T mutagenesis during SHM increased during a germinal center reaction, but this was in part defective in Brca2-deficient mice. These mutation pattern changes in Brca2-deficient B cells were mostly specific for the Ig V region, suggesting a local or time-dependent need for recombination repair to survive high rates of SHM and especially A:T mutagenesis.
A rare case of bilateral synchronous renal tumors with different histology successfully treated with bilateral partial nephrectomy
Authors: Dhanuka Shashanka , Kayal Ankit , Mandal Tapan Kumar , Dhanuka Jyoti
Published: August 2019

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 85% of all renal neoplasms, 60% of which are diagnosed incidentally. Most are unilateral, but bilateral tumors, synchronous or asynchronous, have been found in 2%–4% of reported sporadic cases. The occurrence of synchronous bilateral renal neoplasms with different histology in the same individual is very rare. We report one such case in a 45-year-old male patient, who was successfully managed by performing bilateral partial nephrectomy in two sittings. The histopathological examination revealed different histology on each side. Both preservations of renal parenchyma and tumor eradication should be considered in bilateral synchronous sporadic RCC before formulating a therapeutic regime. Management by nephron-sparing surgery approach performed in a staged manner offers adequate cancer-specific survival while ensuring good renal function.
Aspectos determinantes da implantação da gestão por competências em institutos federais
Authors: Montezano Lana , Silva Nardiane Balbino da , Marques Fabrício Barros , Isidro-Filho Antonio
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os determinantes da implantação da gestão por competências em institutos federais. Para isso, buscou-se identificar de que forma os institutos pretendem desenvolver os modelos, as dificuldades encontradas, os benefícios esperados e sugestões para efetiva implantação. Para tanto, esta pesquisa, descritiva e com recorte transversal, recorreu às abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, com dados coletados por meio de questionário eletrônico e analisados com estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo temática. Obteve-se amostra de 90,5% das Instituições Federais (IF) do Brasil. Os principais resultados indicam que 7,9% das IF já possuem ações relacionadas à adoção da gestão por competências e que 89,5% pretende implantar, sendo o principal motivo para adoção o Decreto 5707/2006, o que remete à principal intenção do uso das competências para subsidiar processos de treinamento e desenvolvimento. As principais dificuldades são as restrições de pessoal para implantação, falta de apoio dos gestores e resistência dos servidores. Os principais benefícios esperados são melhorias de desempenho e de práticas de gestão de pessoas. Foi constatado alinhamento com resultados da literatura, além de identificar fatores adicionais. Foram sugeridas ações necessárias para efetiva implantação e apontadas recomendações de novas pesquisas para avanços da temática na Administração Pública.
The Interaction of Monetary and Macroprudential Policies
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

The recent crisis showed that price stability does not guarantee macroeconomic stability. In several countries, dangerous financial imbalances developed under low inflation and small output gaps. To ensure macroeconomic stability, policy has to include financial stability as an additional objective. But a new objective demands new tools: macroprudential tools that can target specific sources of financial imbalances (something monetary policy is not well suited to do). Effective macroprudential policies (which include a range of constraints on leverage and the composition of balance sheets) could then contain risks ex ante and help build buffers to absorb shocks ex post.
Niger - Assessment Letter for the African Development Bank
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

The new three-year ECF arrangement was approved by the Board on March 16, 2012. The economic outlook for 2012 and 2013 is broadly positive, thanks to the coming onstream of oil production and continuing investment in the natural resource sector. Downside risks to the outlook include the fragile regional security situation and climatic shocks. Program implementation in 2012 has been mixed. All end-June quantitative performance criteria were met other than the continuous performance criterion on non-concessional borrowing, but there were delays in the execution of the structural reform agenda.
Bhutan - Assessment Letter for the World Bank
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Bhutan's growth has remained robust, but the current account deficit has widened.

• Bhutan's economy has expanded at a robust pace driven by the hydropower sector developments. GDP growth is estimated at nearly 8 percent in 2011/12 (from 8.5 percent in 2010/11), and is projected to reach 12.5 percent in 2012/13 due to the acceleration in hydropower-related construction. Inflation has risen, reaching 13.5 percent in 2012Q2, with both food and nonfood components accelerating. Bhutan’s medium-term outlook is favorable, as growth should remain strong at around 8-9 percent over the medium term, driven by developments in the hydropower sector, manufacturing, and domestic services.
Pilot External Sector Report
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This Pilot External Sector Report (ESR) provides a multilaterally consistent analysis of the external positions of major world economies. Following the recommendations of the 2011 Triennial Surveillance Review and the Managing Director’s Statement on Strengthening Surveillance, the focus of the analysis has been broadened beyond exchange rates to detailed examinations of current accounts, reserves, capital flows, and external balance sheets. It draws upon the Research Department’s past and new methods for assessing current accounts and real exchange rates (see Appendix I), and on previous IMF analytical work on exchange rates, capital flows and measures, and reserves adequacy.
Modernizing the Legal Framework for Surveillance - An Integrated Surveillance Decision
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a draft Integrated Surveillance Decision (ISD) for adoption. As part of broader efforts to strengthen Fund surveillance, the Fund is modernizing its legal framework to better support operations. In April 2012, the Fund’s Executive Board discussed Modernizing the Legal Framework for Surveillance—Building Blocks Toward an Integrated Surveillance Decision. That paper highlighted key weaknesses in the current legal framework for surveillance and provided proposals for addressing them. Most Directors agreed that introducing a new surveillance decision covering both bilateral and multilateral surveillance would help address these weaknesses. In particular, they agreed with the general proposed approach to fill the gaps in bilateral surveillance through multilateral surveillance
2011 Review of Conditionality - Outcomes of Fund-Supported Programs
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper examines the effects of Fund-supported programs initiated during 2002-11, with special emphasis on programs started after the onset of the recent global economic crisis. The paper investigates the effects of Fund-supported programs on key macroeconomic variables and, data restrictions permitting, on social variables (social government spending, unemployment and social outcome indicators). Further, it analyzes the contribution of fiscal and external accommodation in helping program countries get through the recent global crisis. The assessment of the impact of Fund-supported programs is necessarily incomplete to the extent that the global financial crisis is ongoing and the most recent crisis programs such as the March 2012 program for Greece are not included. The Crisis Program Review provides detailed analysis of recent GRA-supported programs.
Proposed Amendment on the Reform of the IMF Executive Board and Fourteenth General Review of Quotas—Status of Acceptances and Consents
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper reviews progress toward implementation of the 2010 Governance and Quota Reforms. It updates the status of consents to the proposed quota increases under the 14th General Review of Quotas and of acceptances of the Proposed Seventh Amendment on the Reform of the Executive Board (“Board Reform Amendment” or “Seventh Amendment”) as set out in the Board of Governors Resolu0tion No. 66-2
A Survey of Experiences with Emerging Market Sovereign Debt Restructurings
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper takes stock of past episodes of debt restructuring and reviews the relevant literature. Based on cross-country experience from the late 1990s through 2010 of emerging markets it offers some stylized facts.
Middle East and North Africa - Economic Outlook and Key Challenges - Deauville Partnership Ministerial Meeting
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Historic transitions in the Arab Spring countries are coming under increasing strain frommacroeconomic pressures and unmet social demands. Domestic uncertainty over the countries' future course, compounded by the global slowdown and rising oil prices, took a toll on growth during 2011. The outlook for 2012 and 2013 is equally challenging. The protracted political transition, lower global growth, and euro zone weakness are likely to result in a slow and drawn-out economic recovery, with unemployment at best stabilizing at high levels. Maintaining macroeconomic stability in this environment will be challenging, not least since policy buffers were reduced during 2011. Indeed, gross external and fiscal financing needs of MENA oilimporters are projected at about $93 and $103 billion, respectively, in 2012-13. With capital markets expected to provide only a small part of these funds, official financial support will be essential to allow countries to continue on their path toward economic transformation. But at the same time, countries need to make tangible progress on that path. This requires bold reform and modernization agendas that command broad consensus and are embedded in a sustainable medium-term macroeconomic policy framework to build confidence, anchor expectations, and pave the way for sustained and inclusive growth.
Quota Formula Review - Initial Considerations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Executive Directors welcomed the opportunity to initiate discussions on the quota formula review, which is to be concluded by January 2013. They recalled that the agreement to conduct a comprehensive review of the formula was an integral part of the quota and governance reform agreed in 2010. Directors stressed the importance of agreeing on a quota formula that better reflects members’ relative positions in the global economy for future discussions on the 15th General Review of Quotas
Progress Report on the Activities of the Independent Evaluation Office
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This report summarizes the activities of the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) since the 2011 Annual Meetings. In this period, the IEO has advanced work on three ongoing evaluations: International Reserves: IMF Advice and Country Perspectives, The Role of the IMF as Trusted Advisor, and Learning from Experience at the IMF: An IEO Assessment of Self-Evaluation Systems. The IEO expects to submit these evaluations to the Executive Board over the course of the year. The IEO has begun consultations on topics for future evaluations and will present a tentative work program to the Executive Board for review in due course.
Partial Distribution of the General Reserve Attributed to Windfall Gold Sale Profits--Proposed Decision
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes the distribution of a portion of the Fund’s general reserve that is attributed to profits from recent Fund gold sales. The proposed distribution is part of a strategy endorsed by the Board in July 2009 involving the use of resources linked to gold sale profits to facilitate members’ contributions towards Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) subsidies. The strategy was formulated in the context of a comprehensive reform of the Fund’s Low Income Country (LIC) facilities and concessional financing framework approved by the Executive Board that included a financing package aimed at ensuring the PRGT’s capacity to lend concessional resources of up to SDR 11.3 billion ($17 billion) during the period 2009–14. The financing package included an agreement to raise SDR 1.5 billion in subsidy resources, of which SDR 0.5–0.6 billion (in end-2008 NPV terms) was expected to be generated from resources linked to profits from gold sales.