bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface warming from altitudinal and latitudinal amplification over Antarctica since the International Geophysical Year
Authors: Xie Aihong , Zhu Jiangping , Qin Xiang , Wang Shimeng , Xu Bing , Wang Yicheng
Published: June 2023

Warming has been and is being enhanced at high latitudes or high elevations, whereas the quantitative estimation for warming from altitude and latitude effects has not been systematically investigated over Antarctic Ice Sheet, which covers more than 27 degrees of latitude and 4000 m altitude ranges. Based on the monthly surface air temperature data (1958–2020) from ERA5 reanalysis, this work aims to explore whether elevation-dependent warming (EDW) and latitude-dependent warming (LDW) exist. Results show that both EDW and LDW have the cooperative effect on Antarctic warming, and the magnitude of EDW is stronger than LDW. The negative EDW appears between 250 m and 2500 m except winter, and is strongest in autumn. The negative LDW occurs between 83 °S and 90 °S except in summer. Moreover, the surface downward long-wave radiation that related to the specific humidity, total cloud cover and cloud base height is a major contributor to the EDW over Antarctica. Further research on EDW and LDW should be anticipated to explore the future Antarctic amplification under different emission scenarios.
Genome-wide genetic variation and molecular surveillance of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from asymptomatic individuals in Ouélessébougou, Mali
Authors: Vanheer Leen N. , Mahamar Almahamoudou , Manko Emilia , Niambele Sidi M. , Sanogo Koualy , Youssouf Ahamadou , Dembele Adama , Diallo Makonon , Maguiraga Seydina O. , Phelan Jody , Osborne Ashley , Spadar Anton , Smit Merel J. , Bousema Teun , Drakeley Chris , Clark Taane G. , Stone William , Dicko Alassane , Campino Susana
Published: June 2023

Sequence analysis of Plasmodium falciparum parasites is informative in ensuring sustained success of malaria control programmes. Whole-genome sequencing technologies provide insights into the epidemiology and genome-wide variation of P. falciparum populations and can characterise geographical as well as temporal changes. This is particularly important to monitor the emergence and spread of drug resistant P. falciparum parasites which is threatening malaria control programmes world-wide. Here, we provide a detailed characterisation of genome-wide genetic variation and drug resistance profiles in asymptomatic individuals in South-Western Mali, where malaria transmission is intense and seasonal, and case numbers have recently increased. Samples collected from Ouélessébougou, Mali (2019–2020; n = 87) were sequenced and placed in the context of older Malian (2007–2017; n = 876) and African-wide (n = 711) P. falciparum isolates. Our analysis revealed high multiclonality and low relatedness between isolates, in addition to increased frequencies of molecular markers for sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and lumefantrine resistance, compared to older Malian isolates. Furthermore, 21 genes under selective pressure were identified, including a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate (pfCelTOS) and an erythrocyte invasion locus (pfdblmsp2). Overall, our work provides the most recent assessment of P. falciparum genetic diversity in Mali, a country with the second highest burden of malaria in West Africa, thereby informing malaria control activities.
The effects of everyday-life social interactions on anxiety-related autonomic responses differ between men and women
Authors: Gründahl Marthe , Weiß Martin , Stenzel Kilian , Deckert Jürgen , Hein Grit
Published: June 2023

Social buffering, a phenomenon where social presence can reduce anxiety and fear-related autonomic responses, has been studied in numerous laboratory settings. The results suggest that the familiarity of the interaction partner influences social buffering while also providing some evidence for gender effects. In the laboratory, however, it is difficult to mimic the complexity of real-life social interactions. Consequently, the social modulation of anxiety and related autonomic responses in everyday life remains poorly understood. We used smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) combined with wearable electrocardiogram sensors to investigate how everyday-life social interactions affect state anxiety and related cardiac changes in women and men. On five consecutive days, 96 healthy young participants (53% women) answered up to six EMA surveys per day, indicating characteristics of their most recent social interaction and the respective interaction partner(s). In women, our results showed lower heart rate in the presence of a male interaction partner. Men showed the same effect with female interaction partners. Moreover, only women showed decreased heart rate and increased heart rate variability with increasing interaction partner familiarity. These findings specify the conditions under which social interactions reduce anxiety-related responses in women and men.
Individualized active surveillance for carbapenem-resistant microorganisms using Xpert Carba-R in intensive care units
Authors: Zhou Shuliang , Mi Sulin , Rao Xin , Zhang Qi , Wei Shiwen , Xiao Meng , Peng Zhiyong , Wang Jing
Published: June 2023

Carbapenem antibiotics are widely used in ICU, and the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant microorganisms (CRO) has increased. This study aimed to assess the role of individualized active surveillance using Xpert Carba-R of carbapenem resistance genes on CRO risk. A total of 3,765 patients were admitted to the ICU of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between 2020 and 2022. The presence of carbapenem resistance genes were monitored using Xpert Carba-R, and CRO incidence was assigned as the investigated outcome. Of 3,765 patients, 390 manifested the presence of CRO, representing a prevalence of 10.36%. Active surveillance using Xpert Carba-R was associated with a lower CRO risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.95; P = 0.013), especially for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter + carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.62–0.99; P = 0.043), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (OR: 0.56; 95% CI 0.40–0.79; P = 0.001), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (OR: 0.65; 95% CI 0.47–0.90; P = 0.008). Individualized active surveillance using Xpert Carba-R may be associated with a reduction in the overall CRO incidence in ICU. Further prospective studies should be performed to verify these conclusions and guide further management of patients in ICU.
Analysis of the carbide precipitation and microstructural evolution in HCCI as a function of the heating rate and destabilization temperature
Authors: Guitar M. Agustina , Nayak U. Pranav , Campo Schneider Lucía , Schmauch Jörg , Mücklich Frank
Published: June 2023

Microstructural modification of high chromium cast irons (HCCI) through the precipitation of secondary carbides (SC) during destabilization treatments is essential for improving their tribological response. However, there is not a clear consensus about the first stages of the SC precipitation and how both the heating rate (HR) and destabilization temperature can affect the nucleation and growth of SC. The present work shows the microstructural evolution, with a special focus on the SC precipitation, in a HCCI (26 wt% Cr) during heating up to 800, 900, and 980 °C. It was seen that the HR is the most dominant factor influencing the SC precipitation as well as the matrix transformation in the studied experimental conditions. Finally, this work reports for first time in a systematic manner, the precipitation of SC during heating of the HCCI, providing a further understanding on the early stages of the SC precipitation and the associated microstructural modifications.
Thermal management in annular fin using ternary nanomaterials influenced by magneto-radiative phenomenon and natural convection
Authors: Alharbi Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. , Adnan  , Bani-Fwaz Mutasem Z. , Eldin Sayed M. , Akgul Ali
Published: June 2023

Annular fin is a particular mechanical setup for heat transfer that varies radially and frequently utilize in applied thermal engineering. Addition of annular fin to working apparatus enhance the surface area in contact with surrounding fluid. Other potential areas of fin installation are radiators, power plant heat exchangers and also it plays significant role in sustainable energy technologies. The major objective of this research is to introduce an efficient annular fin energy model influenced by thermal radiation, magnetic forces, coefficient of thermal conductivity, heating source with addition of modified Tiwari–Das model. Then, numerical treatment performed to acquire the desired efficiency. From the results, it is scrutinized that the fin efficiency significantly improved by strengthening the physical strength of $${\alpha }_{1}, {\alpha }_{2}$$

α
1

,

α
2

and $${\gamma }_{1}$$

γ
1

and the use of ternary nanofluid make it more efficient. Addition of heating source $${Q}_{1}$$

Q
1

make the fin more efficient and radiative number is better to cool it. The role of ternary nanofluid observed dominant throughout the analysis and the results validated with existing data.
Blood phenylalanine fluctuation in phenylketonuric children treated by BH4 or low-phenylalanine diet from birth
Authors: Theron Maurane , Jeannesson Elise , Canton Marie , Namour Farès , Oussalah Abderrahim , Feillet François , Wiedemann Arnaud
Published: June 2023

The prognosis of phenylketonuria (PKU) is related to the quality of metabolic control all life-long. PKU treatment is based on a low-Phe diet, 6R-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) treatment for the BH4-responsive PKU patients or enzyme replacement therapy. Fluctuations in blood phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations may be an important determinant of intellectual outcome in patients with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria (PKU). The aim of this work is to study the fluctuation of Blood Phe in patients treated by BH4 from birth in comparison with patients treated by low-Phe diet. We conducted a retrospective study in a national reference center for PKU management. We compared mean phenylalanine blood concentration and its fluctuation in 10 BH4-responder patients (BH4R) and in 10 BH4 non-responder patients (BH4NR) treated from birth. The mean blood Phe concentration is similar between the two groups before 10 years of age (290 ± 135 (BH4R) vs. 329 ± 187 µmol/L, p = 0.066 (BH4NR)) while it is lower in the BH4R group after 10 years of age. (209 ± 69 vs. 579 ± 136 µmol/L, p = 0.0008). Blood Phe fluctuation is significantly lower in the BH4R group compared to the BH4NR group (70.2 ± 75.6 vs. 104.4 ± 111.6 µmol/L, p < 0.01) before 6 years of age. There are no significant differences observed on nutritional status, growth, and neuropsychological tests between the two groups. BH4 introduced in the neonatal period is associated with less blood Phe fluctuation before 6 years. Additional time and patients are required to determine if the decrease in Phe fluctuation would positively impact the long-term outcome of PKU patients.
Quantifying the shear modulus of the adductor longus muscle during hip joint motion using shear wave elastography
Authors: Kato Takuya , Taniguchi Keigo , Kodesho Taiki , Nakao Gakuto , Yokoyama Yu , Saito Yuhei , Katayose Masaki
Published: June 2023

The present study aims to assess the effect of the hip flexion angle on the shear modulus of the adductor longus (AL) muscle associated with passive hip abduction and rotation. Sixteen men participated in the study. For the hip abduction task, the hip flexion angles used were − 20, 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80°, and the hip abduction angles were 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40°. For the hip rotation task, the hip flexion angles used were − 20, 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80°, hip abduction angles were 0 and 40°, and hip rotation angles were 20° internal rotation, 0° rotation, and 20° external rotation. The shear modulus at 20° extension was significantly higher than that at 80° flexion for the 10, 20, 30 and 40° hip abduction (i.e.,P < 0.05). The shear modulus at 20° internal rotation and 20° extension was significantly higher than that at 0° rotation and 20° external rotation, regardless of the hip abduction angle (i.e.,P < 0.05). The mechanical stress of the AL muscle associated with hip abduction was higher in the extended position. Furthermore, the mechanical stress could increase with internal rotation only at the hip-extended position.
Impact of flow regime on the performance of anti-biofouling coatings
Authors: Pulletikurthi Venkatesh , Esquivel-Puentes Helber Antonio , Cheng Shyuan , Chamorro Leonardo P. , Castillo Luciano
Published: June 2023

Biofouling poses significant challenges for marine transportation due to increased skin drag, which results in increased fuel cost and associated $$\text {CO}_2$$

CO
2

emissions. Current antifouling methods involving polymer coating, biocides, and self-depleting layers harm marine ecosystems and contribute to marine pollution. Significant advancements have resulted in using bioinspired coatings to address this issue. However, prior investigations have predominantly focused on wettability and adhesion aspects, resulting in a limited understanding of the impact of flow regime on bioinspired structure patterns for antifouling. We conducted comprehensive experiments with two bioinspired coatings1 under laminar and turbulent flow regimes and compared them with a smooth surface. The two coatings are composed of regular arrangements of micropillars measuring 85 μm in height and spaced at 180 μm (pattern A) and 50 μm high micropillars spaced at 220 μm (pattern B). Theoretical arguments indicate that wall-normal velocity fluctuations near the micropillars’ top significantly contribute to reducing the onset of biofouling under turbulence compared to the smooth surface. Pattern A coating can effectively decrease biofouling by 90% for fouling sizes exceeding 80 microns when compared to a smooth surface subjected to a turbulent flow regime. The coatings exhibited comparable anti-biofouling properties under a laminar flow. Also, the smooth surface experienced substantially higher biofouling under laminar flow compared to turbulent conditions. This underscores how the effectiveness of anti-biofouling approaches is critically influenced by the flow regime.
The effect of carbon price on low carbon innovation
Authors: Cantone Bernardo , Evans David , Reeson Andrew
Published: June 2023

Whilst many governments have implemented carbon pricing to provide firms with a greater financial incentive to develop low carbon technologies, the effect of the carbon price on the level of low carbon innovation remains unclear. In this study we develop an empirically grounded model of firms’ carbon price expectations and innovation processes. We use this model to show that a 1 USD increase in the expected future carbon price is associated with a 1.4% increase in the level of patenting in low carbon technologies, based on data for countries participating in the EU emissions trading system. We also find that firms gradually update their expectations of the future carbon price in response to recent price changes. Our findings indicate that higher carbon prices provide an effective incentive for low carbon innovation.
Imagery in the entropic associative memory
Authors: Pineda Luis A. , Morales Rafael
Published: June 2023

The Entropic Associative Memory is a novel declarative and distributed computational model of associative memory. The model is general, conceptually simple, and offers an alternative to models developed within the artificial neural networks paradigm. The memory uses a standard table as its medium, where the information is stored in an indeterminate form, and the entropy plays a functional and operation role. The memory register operation abstracts the input cue with the current memory content and is productive; memory recognition is performed through a logical test; and memory retrieval is constructive. The three operations can be performed in parallel using very few computing resources. In our previous work we explored the auto-associative properties of the memory and performed experiments to store, recognize and retrieve manuscript digits and letters with complete and incomplete cues, and also to recognize and learn phones, with satisfactory results. In such experiments a designated memory register was used to store all the objects of the same class, whereas in the present study we remove such restriction and use a single memory register to store all the objects in the domain. In this novel setting we explore the production of emerging objects and relations, such that cues are used not only to retrieve remembered objects, but also related and imaged objects, and to produce association chains. The present model supports the view that memory and classification are independent functions both conceptually and architecturally. The memory system can store images of the different modalities of perception and action, possibly multimodal, and offers a novel perspective on the imagery debate and computational models of declarative memory.
Highly efficient and well-controlled ROP and copolymerization of cyclic esters using a cesium complex
Authors: Sagar Shweta , Karmakar Himadri , Nath Priyanku , Sarkar Alok , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Panda Tarun K.
Published: June 2023

An environmentally benign protocol for highly competent and well-controlled ring-opening (co)polymerization ofrac-LA and/or ε-caprolactone to form a homopolymer (Pi= 0.81) and di-block PLA-b-PCL copolymers by a cesium complex is reported.
Visible light-driven highly-efficient hydrogen production by a naphthalene imide derivative-sensitized TiO2 photocatalyst
Authors: Wei Dan , Yang Kang , Jia Chunman , Li Jianwei
Published: June 2023

A naphthimide derivative was synthesized and sensitized with TiO2 to produce a hybrid photocatalyst with an ultra-high hydrogen production efficiency (10.615 mmol g−1 h−1) under visible light.
Linear and macrocyclic oligo(p-phenylene iminoboranes) with ferrocenyl side groups – observation of selective, non-templated macrocyclization
Authors: Schneider Johannes S. , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Helten Holger
Published: June 2023

Linear and macrocyclic oligo(phenylene iminoboranes) with ferrocenyl side groups have been prepared, selective macrocyclization proceeds without a template.
Mn-doped Ni2P: nanocrystal-decorated amorphous nanosheets for efficient electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Xu Hui , Bi Jiahui , Sang Ting , Wang Wenke , Hao Jingcheng , Li Zhonghao
Published: June 2023

A Mn-doped Ni2P electrocatalyst with a unique microstructure of nanocrystal-decorated amorphous nanosheets was designed, achieving powerful electrooxidation of HMF to FDCA.
Monolayer molybdenum diborides containing flat and buckled boride layers as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Barik Gayatree , Pal Sourav
Published: June 2023

The materials community is interested in discovering new two-dimensional (2D) crystals because of the potential for fascinating features.
Synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation of monometallic Re(i) and heterobimetallic Re(i)/Fe(ii) complexes with a 1,2,3-triazolyl pyridine chelating moiety
Authors: Jakopec Silvio , Gourdon-Grünewaldt Lisa , Čipor Ivona , Meščić Macan Andrijana , Perić Berislav , Piantanida Ivo , Cariou Kevin , Gasser Gilles , Kirin Srećko I. , Raić-Malić Silvana
Published: June 2023

Heterobimetallic Re(i) ferrocene dipyridylamine complexes showed antiproliferative effects comparable to cisplatin on colon cancer cells, whereas the Re(i) benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline complex accumulated in lysosomes and interacted with biomolecules.
An efficient Li dual-column system and high-precision Li isotope measurement of high matrix and low-Li samples by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Cao Cheng , Li Tao , Chen Tianyu , Li Gaojun , Li Wei , Chen Jun
Published: June 2023

This study presents a dual-column system that is not affected by the matrix effect and has large loading capacity to purify lithium from high-matrix and low-Li samples for Li isotope analysis.
Acrylic-based culture plate format perfusion device to establish liver endothelial–epithelial interface
Authors: McDuffie Dennis , Alver Charles G. , Suthar Bhumi , Helm Madeline , Oliver David , Burgess R. Alan , Barr David , Thomas Emmanuel , Agarwal Ashutosh
Published: June 2023

Mimicking hepatic acinus architecture and physiological function within a modular Liver on a Chip has a profound effect on hepatocyte function, and motivates future study of multi-organ interactions.
Modification of bacterial microcompartments with target biomolecules via post-translational SpyTagging
Authors: Beal David M , Liang Mingzhi , Brown Ian , Budge James D , Burrows Emily R , Howland Kevin , Lee Phoebe , Martin Sarah , Morrell Andrew , Nemoto-Smith Emi , Roobol Joanne , Stanley Maria , Smales C Mark , Warren Martin J
Published: June 2023

A post-translational strategy for the production of SpyTagged molecules suitable for use in Spy based conjugations is described.
Optical, structural, and biological properties of silver nanoclusters formed within the loop of a C-12 hairpin sequence
Authors: Gupta Akhilesh Kumar , Marshall Nolan , Yourston Liam , Rolband Lewis , Beasock Damian , Danai Leyla , Skelly Elizabeth , Afonin Kirill A. , Krasnoslobodtsev Alexey V.
Published: June 2023

Silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) are the next-generation nanomaterials representing supra-atomic structures where silver atoms are organized in a particular geometry. The composition and geometry of AgNCs defines their optical and biological properties.
Exploiting enzymes to optimize the pH-universal electrocatalytic ORR performance of biomass-based nanoporous carbons
Authors: Wang Huifen , Kong Xiao , Zhang Wendu , Bai Peiyao , Yang Chuangchuang , Liu Weiqi , Wei Shilin , Xu Lang
Published: June 2023

Enzymatic modification loosens lignocellulosic frameworks, leading to the enlargement of pore space in the biomass, which is made readily accessible to extrinsic chemicals for efficient pore formation and heteroatom doping.
One-step synthesis of self-quenching-resistant carbon dot phosphors and their application in fingerprint identification and anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Pei Lichao , Zhang Weiyuan , Yang Shuqin , Wang Xingtai , Liu Aohua , Chen Kangli , Zhao Yan , Han Shumin
Published: June 2023

Novel fluorine and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots were prepared with bright blue solid-state fluorescence. The FNCDs can be effectively used in fingerprint identification and anti-counterfeiting information.
Enhancing the biochemical growth of Haematococcus pluvialis by mitigation of broad-spectrum light stress in wastewater cultures
Authors: Mourya Megha , Khan Mohd. J. , Sirotiya Vandana , Ahirwar Ankesh , Schoefs Benoit , Marchand Justine , Varjani Sunita , Vinayak Vandana
Published: June 2023

Haematococcus pluvialis cultivated in wastewater inoculated into low-density polypropylene plastic air pillows (LDPE-PAPs) under a light stress.
Mercapto-pyrimidines are reversible covalent inhibitors of the papain-like protease (PLpro) and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV-2) replication
Authors: Bajaj Teena , Wehri Eddie , Suryawanshi Rahul K. , King Elizabeth , Pardeshi Kundan Singh , Behrouzi Kamyar , Khodabakhshi Zahra , Schulze-Gahmen Ursula , Kumar G. Renuka , Mofrad Mohammad R. K. , Nomura Daniel K. , Ott Melanie , Schaletzky Julia , Murthy Niren
Published: June 2023

Screening of the ChemDiv library against PLpro, an essential protein from the SCoV-2 virus, identified compound 5. Compound 5 is a reversible covalent inhibitor of PLpro and prevents SCoV-2 infection in cells.
Exploring social and cognitive engagement in small groups through a community of learners (CoL) lens
Authors: Nennig Hannah T. , States Nicole E. , Macrie-Shuck Michael , Fateh Shaghayegh , Gunes Zubeyde Demet Kirbulut , Cole Renee , Rushton Gregory T. , Shah Lisa , Talanquer Vicente
Published: June 2023

A variety of research studies reveal the advantages of actively engaging students in the learning process through collaborative work in the classroom. However, the complex nature of the learning environment in large college general chemistry courses makes it challenging to identify the different factors that affect students’ cognitive and social engagement while working on in-class tasks. To provide insights into this area, we took a closer look at students’ conversations during in-class activities to characterize typical discourse patterns and expressed chemical thinking in representative student groups in samples collected in five different learning environments across four universities. For this purpose, we adapted and applied a ‘Community of Learners’ (CoL) theoretical perspective to characterize group activity through the analysis of student discourse. Within a CoL perspective, the extent to which a group functions as a community of learners is analyzed along five dimensions including Community of Discourse (CoD), Legitimization of Differences (LoD), Building on Ideas (BoI), Reflective Learning (RL), and Community of Practice (CoP). Our findings make explicit the complexity of analyzing student engagement in large active learning environments where a multitude of variables can affect group work. These include, among others, group size and composition, the cognitive level of the tasks, the types of cognitive processes used to complete tasks, and the motivation and willingness of students to substantively engage in disciplinary reasoning. Our results point to important considerations in the design and implementation of active learning environments that engage more students with chemical ideas at higher levels of reasoning.
Rheology of graphene oxide stabilized Pickering emulsions
Authors: Cui Shu-Ming , Hashmi Saud , Li Wen-Qiang , Handschuh-Wang Stephan , Zhu Cheng-Tian , Wang Shi-Chang , Huang Yan-Fei , Zhu Guang-Ming , Stadler Florian J.
Published: June 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) and DDAB-stabilized Pickering emulgels are promising 3D printable inks. This study investigates the composition-structure-property relationships using rheological techniques to understand phase interactions, fillers, and interfaces.
Polystyrenes with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties: synthesis and self-assembly behaviors
Authors: Zhou Di , Fu Ping , Gao Tian , Xu Zhi-Kang , Wan Ling-Shu
Published: June 2023

Polystyrenes carrying both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups at the middle and end of the chains have been synthesized by ATRP, and the self-assembly behaviors during the breath figure process are discussed.
Cu-modified electrolyte-gated transistors based on reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Hensel Rafael Cintra , Comisso Nicola , Musiani Marco , Sedona Francesco , Sambi Mauro , Cester Andrea , Lago Nicolò , Casalini Stefano
Published: June 2023

Electrodeposition of Cu coatings onto the gates of electrolyte-gated transistors based on reduced graphene oxide leads to efficient devices featuring a sensitivity equal to 1–3 mV and able to track emulated action potentials (frequency 0.1 Hz).
The influence of spinodal decomposition-based phase separation in a hybrid polymer hole transport layer on electroluminescent quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Hoang Minh-Son , Lu Jie-Syuan , Shieh Her-Yih , Chen Hsueh-Shih
Published: June 2023

Phase separation exists in a hybrid hole transporting layer system, i.e., hybrid PVK–TFB layer. A phase diagram based on the thermodynamic Flory–Huggins model is established and confirms the phase separation arises from a spinodal decomposition event.
Effect of a Ti layer on the growth of binder-free carbon nanotubes on Cu foil and their performance as lithium ion battery anodes
Authors: Gudavalli Ganesh Sainadh , Nepal Mahesh , Young Joshua , Smeu Manuel , Dhakal Tara P.
Published: June 2023

We report a unique approach to fabricate lithium ion battery anodes based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown directly on copper foils via chemical vapor deposition.
Three novel iridium (III) complexes containing double chiral atoms for organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Cheng Gan , Lu Jun‐jian , Zhu Li‐Ya , Lu Guangzhao
Published: June 2023

Chiral iridium (III) complexes are very important for the preparation of circularly polarized organic diodes light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs). Three novel iridium (III) complexes, Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/pyrrole), Ir(dfppy)2(dpp), and Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp), have been synthesized and characterized, respectively. These iridium (III) complexes emitted deep‐blue, blue, and red photoluminescence with high quantum yields (Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/Pyrrole): λmax = 447 nm, F = 62.4%; Ir(dfppy)2(dpp): λmax = 467 nm, F = 25%; Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp): λmax = 609 nm, F = 73.7%). Compared with Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/pyrrole), the HOMO energy levels of Ir(dfppy)2(dpp) and Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp) were calculated to be −5.71/−5.73 eV, and the LUMO energy levels were increased to be −2.75/−3.36 eV, respectively. The circular dichroism spectra of two pairs of the enantiomers for Ir(dfppy)2(dpp) or Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp) displayed symmetry with opposite polarization between 300 and 600 nm. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of OLEDs based on Ir(tfmpqz)2(sddp) was 13.8%, showing a relatively low efficiency roll‐off with the EQE of 10.7% at 5000 cd/m2.
Leben erhalten und Alltag leben
Authors: Münstermann Uta
Published: June 2023

Wenn Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene zum Leben auf eine Beatmung angewiesen sind, benötigen sie Mitmenschen, die durch intensivpflegerische, therapeutische und pädagogische Maßnahmen das Befriedigen ihrer elementaren Bedürfnisse im Alltag sichern. Ist eine Versorgung, das Leben im familialen Umfeld nicht (mehr) möglich, können beispielsweise Wohngruppen für langzeitbeatmete Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene ein Zuhause und sicheres Umfeld bieten. Neben einer technologisierten und entwicklungs- und altersentsprechenden Umgebung benötigen die Kinder ein multi- und interprofessionelles Team wie fachkompetente Pflegende, die ihnen ein (Über-)Leben sichern und einen selbstbestimmten Alltag ermöglichen.
Zur Wirkung des Dehnungstrainings als
Verletzungsprophylaxe
Authors: Klee Andreas , Wydra Georg
Published: June 2023

Muskelsehnenverletzungen haben vor allem bei Schnellkraftsportarten einen hohen
Anteil an allen Verletzungen. Sowohl vom Dehnen beim Aufwärmen als auch
vom regelmäßigen Dehnen wird eine Reduzierung der
Muskelsehnenverletzungen erwartet. Die Angabe über das Ausmaß
der Reduzierung erfolgt entweder in Prozent oder über die Empfehlung,
wie viele Jahre man dehnen muss, um eine Muskelsehnenverletzung zu vermeiden.
Die Angaben weisen eine große Streuung auf (5–54%,
5–23 Jahre).

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird erläutert, wie diese unterschiedlichen
Zahlen zustande kommen und wie sie zu interpretieren sind. Dabei kommen dem
unterschiedlichen Verletzungsrisiko bei verschiedenen sportlichen
Aktivitäten und den Unterschieden beim Belastungsumfang (Stunden pro
Jahr) eine besondere Bedeutung zu.

In den entsprechenden Metaanalysen der letzten Jahre wurden vor allem
zwölf Primärstudien berücksichtigt. Dabei werden von den
Metaanalysen jeweils unterschiedliche und unterschiedlich viele
Primärstudien einbezogen. Vor allem vier Primärstudien sind
für eine Berechnung des relativen Risikos geeignet. Diese Berechnung
ergibt, dass ca. ein Drittel der Muskelsehnenverletzungen vermieden werden kann.
Dieses Ergebnis wird durch fünf weitere Primärstudien
gestützt. Es kann nicht geklärt werden, ob diese Reduzierung
durch kurzfristige Aufwärmeffekte oder langfristige Anpassungen
verursacht wird. Daher sollte dem Dehnungstraining in der Sportpraxis beim
Aufwärmen (dynamisches Dehnen) und beim regelmäßigen
Dehnen (alle Methoden) große Bedeutung beigemessen werden. Neben dem
Dehnen gibt es weitere Maßnahmen, die das Verletzungsrisiko verringern
können, so das exzentrische Krafttraining.

In zukünftigen Studien sollten der Belastungsumfang und die
Verletzungsinzidenz in Verletzungen pro 1000 Stunden angegeben werden. Da diese
Angaben in vielen Primärstudien fehlen, können die Ergebnisse
kaum verglichen und übertragen werden. Darüber hinaus sollten
zusätzliche Variablen wie z. B. Vorverletzungen erhoben werden
und in eine multivariate Auswertung einfließen.
HPV-Impfung bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen
Authors: Wieland Ulrike
Published: June 2023

Neben gutartigen Kondylomen zählen Krebsvorstufen von Zervix, Vulva, Vagina, Anus und Penis sowie die entsprechenden Karzinome zu den HPV-bedingten Erkrankungen. In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben HPV-assoziierte Oropharynxkarzinome zugenommen, vor allem bei Männern. Insgesamt werden 4–5 % aller Krebserkrankungen durch HPV verursacht. In allen HPV-bedingten Karzinomen ist HPV16 der häufigste HPV-Typ. Kondylome und die rezidivierende Larynxpapillomatose (RLP) werden durch HPV6 und 11 ausgelöst. Die meisten HPV-assoziierten Erkrankungen können durch prophylaktische HPV-Impfung verhindert werden, wobei ein junges Impfalter bzw. HPV-Naivität entscheidend sind. In Ländern mit hohen HPV-Impfraten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nehmen nicht nur Kondylome, sondern auch das Zervixkarzinom und seine Vorstufen drastisch ab. In Australien und den USA wird ein deutlicher Rückgang der juvenilen RLP beobachtet, weil geimpfte Mütter vor HPV6/11 geschützt sind. Metaanalysen kommen zu dem Schluss, dass die Off-Label-HPV-Impfung als adjuvante Therapie bei RLP einen Nutzen haben könnte, aber weitere Studien notwendig sind. Die WHO strebt die Elimination des Zervixkarzinoms an. Dazu müssen bei Mädchen bis zum 15. Lebensjahr HPV-Impfraten von 90 % in allen Ländern erreicht werden. Da in Deutschland die HPV-Impfquote bei 15-jährigen Mädchen nur bei 54 % liegt (Jungen 26,5 %), sind weitere Anstrengungen zur Erhöhung der Impfraten notwendig.
Visible-Light-Induced C-3 Difluoroalkylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Difluoroiodane(III) Reagents under Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Qin Haijuan , Zhou Ningning , Lu Kui , Wang Kun , Zhang Ying , Zhao Xia
Published: June 2023

A visible-light-induced radical difluoroalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones by hypervalent-iodine-based reagents was developed. To facilitate the final oxidative step, [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) was employed as an oxidant. Moreover, a one-pot protocol for this transformation was realized by generating the difluoroalkylation reagent in situ. The readily accessible reagents and the mild reaction conditions make this reaction an alternative and practical strategy for the synthesis of C(3)-difluoroalkylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
Synthesis of an Azo-Cyanine Dye as an RNA Probe for Distinguishing Gram-Positive Bacteria from Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Fan Jiangli , Wu Ruixin , Li Zipeng , Xia Tianping , Cai Wenlin , Du Jianjun , Peng Xiaojun
Published: June 2023

We have developed a new cyanine fluorescent probe, Azo-ETO3, that shows better RNA selectivity than commercial dyes in solution. Azo-ETO3 can image the RNA of mitochondria in living cells and the RNA of the nucleolus and cytoplasm in fixed cells. As a practical application, Azo-ETO3 emits strong fluorescence when interacting with Gram-positive bacteria, and it can be used to selectively label G+ bacteria in the presence of other bacteria. In addition, Azo-ETO3 exhibits low toxicity and has essentially no major impact on bacterial colony growth. These properties could make it useful as a tool for distinguishing bacterial species.
Assessment of Completeness of Handwritten Prescriptions in Eastern Libya
Authors: Bousoik Emira , Alhusadi Nesrin , Alzawi Hana , Ramadhan Rehab , Albarassi Rawaa
Published: June 2023

Background Prescriptions, medicolegal documents issued by physicians to patients, must be written accurately and clearly, contain all the required information, and adhere to the guidelines for prescription writing. In eastern Libya, most prescriptions are handwritten. Incomplete prescriptions might lead to serious medication errors.

Aim The aim of this article was to assess the completeness of handwritten prescriptions issued by physicians working in eastern Libya.

Method A total of 1,080 handwritten prescriptions were collected from pharmacies in different parts of the city of Derna and its suburbs in eastern Libya. After the exclusion of three prescriptions that were defined as illegible by the researchers, the 1,077 remaining prescriptions were examined for completeness against a checklist designed according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Results Most of the prescriptions (84.12%) did not contain the name of the prescribing physician. The patient's name was not mentioned on 16.06% of the prescriptions. Patient-related information was missing in most of the prescriptions. Most of the physicians (91.27%) prescribed drugs using their trade names. Drug strength, route of drug administration, and duration of therapy were absent in 29.61, 87, and 56.17% of the prescriptions, respectively. Only 26% of the prescriptions contained the date.

Conclusion Most of the prescriptions inspected in this study had some deficiencies and did not adhere to the WHO guidelines.
Breathlessness with Pleural Effusion: What Do We Know?
Authors: Muruganandan Sanjeevan , Mishra Eleanor , Singh Bhajan
Published: June 2023

Breathlessness is the most common symptom in individuals with pleural effusion and is often disabling. The pathophysiology of breathlessness associated with pleural effusion is complex. The severity of breathlessness correlates weakly with the size of the effusion. Improvements in ventilatory capacity following pleural drainage are small and correlate poorly with the volume of fluid drained and improvements in breathlessness. Impaired hemidiaphragm function and a compensatory increase in respiratory drive to maintain ventilation appear to be an important mechanism of breathlessness associated with pleural effusion. Thoracocentesis reduces diaphragm distortion and improves its movement; these changes appear to reduce respiratory drive and associated breathlessness by improving the neuromechanical efficiency of the diaphragm.
Genre, tradition and renewal: Animal autobiography and poetics of the multicentric self
Authors: You Chengcheng
Published: June 2023

The development of animal autobiography as a genre has been constrained by the narrative possibility and epistemological impossibility of animals as autobiographers. In spite of its limitations, animal autobiography has still developed into different generic forms. Noting the generic tradition and renewal as well as the ethical ramifications in animal autobiography, this study examines how animal selfhood is constructed to render varieties of autobiographical experiences. Drawn upon autofiction/autobiography studies and literary animal studies, this article probes into the art of self-invention in animal autobiography. A “self”-oriented analysis of Dorothy Kilner’s The Life and Perambulations of A Mouse (1784) and Anna Sewell’s Black Beauty (1877) reveals the genre’s common representational strategies, such as multi-scaled perceptions of an autofictional self, critical anthropomorphism and an ethics of witness. Based on these strategies, it further examines how Katherine Applegate’s The One and Only Ivan (2012) endorses a generic continuum and renewal. Following Jacques Derrida’s key concepts in his lecture “The Animal that Therefore I Am” in the discourse of human–animal relations, this study concludes with a proposed poetics of the multicentric self in animal autobiography, which maps out the interplay of the first-person persona’s authenticity, autofiction and literary authority, and serves the genre’s increasingly prominent anti-anthropocentric purposes.
Effect of fractional derivatives on amplitude chimeras and symmetry-breaking death states in networks of limit-cycle oscillators
Authors: Ngueuteu Mbouna S. G. , Banerjee Tanmoy , Schöll Eckehard , Yamapi René
Published: June 2023

We study networks of coupled oscillators whose local dynamics are governed by the fractional-order versions of the paradigmatic van der Pol and Rayleigh oscillators. We show that the networks exhibit diverse amplitude chimeras and oscillation death patterns. The occurrence of amplitude chimeras in a network of van der Pol oscillators is observed for the first time. A form of amplitude chimera, namely, “damped amplitude chimera” is observed and characterized, where the size of the incoherent region(s) increases continuously in the course of time, and the oscillations of drifting units are damped continuously until they are quenched to steady state. It is found that as the order of the fractional derivative decreases, the lifetime of classical amplitude chimeras increases, and there is a critical point at which there is a transition to damped amplitude chimeras. Overall, a decrease in the order of fractional derivatives reduces the propensity to synchronization and promotes oscillation death phenomena including solitary oscillation death and chimera death patterns that were unobserved in networks of integer-order oscillators. This effect of the fractional derivatives is verified by the stability analysis based on the properties of the master stability function of some collective dynamical states calculated from the block-diagonalized variational equations of the coupled systems. The present study generalizes the results of our recently studied network of fractional-order Stuart–Landau oscillators.
Extensional flow of a free film of nematic liquid crystal with moderate elasticity
Authors: Taranchuk M. J. , Cummings L. J. , Driscoll T. A. , Braun R. J.
Published: June 2023

The human tear film is a multilayer structure in which the dynamics are often strongly affected by a floating lipid layer. That layer has liquid crystalline characteristics and plays important roles in the health of the tear film. Previous models have treated the lipid layer as a Newtonian fluid in extensional flow. Motivated to develop a more realistic treatment, we present a model for the extensional flow of thin sheets of nematic liquid crystal. The rod-like molecules of these substances impart an elastic contribution to the rheology. We rescale a weakly elastic model due to Cummings et al. [“Extensional flow of nematic liquid crystal with an applied electric field,” Eur. J. Appl. Math. 25, 397–423 (2014).] to describe a lipid layer of moderate elasticity. The resulting system of two nonlinear partial differential equations for sheet thickness and axial velocity is fourth order in space, but still represents a significant reduction of the full system. We analyze solutions arising from several different boundary conditions, motivated by the underlying application, with particular focus on dynamics and underlying mechanisms under stretching. We solve the system numerically, via collocation with either finite difference or Chebyshev spectral discretization in space, together with implicit time stepping. At early times, depending on the initial film shape, pressure either aids or opposes extensional flow, which changes the free surface dynamics of the sheet and can lead to patterns reminiscent of those observed in tear films. We contrast this finding with the cases of weak elasticity and Newtonian flow, where the sheet retains the same qualitative shape throughout time.
Predictive modeling of oil and water saturation during secondary recovery with supervised learning
Authors: Sulaiman Muhammad , Khan Naveed Ahmad
Published: June 2023

In the petroleum reservoir, the secondary oil recovery (SOR) process is employed by injecting water into wells to enhance the moment of oil toward the production wells. The SOR process gives rise to the instability (fingering) phenomena due to the injecting force and the difference in the wettability and viscosity of the oil and water at the common interface. Since the late 1800s, mathematical models of petroleum reservoirs have been extensively used in the oil and gas industry. In this paper, we investigated the saturation of two immiscible fluid (oil and water) flows through homogeneous porous media during the SOR process by solving the modeled partial differential equation using the supervised machine learning algorithm based on feedforward back-propagated neural networks (FFBNNs) and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) optimization algorithm. The designed scientific computing technique (FFBNN-LMA) is further employed to study the detailed sensitivity analysis of the approximate solutions. Performance measures like average absolute deviations, Theils' inequality measure, regression, and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient.
Effect of external magnetic field on realistic bifurcated right coronary artery hemodynamics
Authors: Elhanafy Ahmed , Abuouf Yasser , Elsagheer Samir , Ookawara Shinichi , Ahmed Mahmoud
Published: June 2023

Diagnostic technology based on magnetic fields is commonly used in medicine for diagnosis and therapy. However, the exposure to strong electromagnetic fields has adverse outcomes in patients. Thus, the objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of applying external uniform magnetic fields on the blood flow in both healthy and diseased cases of right coronary artery and determine the safe values of the applied magnetic field strengths. The diseased cases include a 40% stenosed artery along with two blood disorder cases with a hematocrit level of 20% and 60%. A comprehensive three-dimensional steady non-Newtonian flow model is developed using the Casson model to investigate the effect of the magnetic field on both shear rate and hematocrits. The model is numerically simulated at different values of magnetic field strengths and its orientation. The results indicated that the magnetic field in the Y-direction has a dominant effect compared to other directions. Moreover, the maximum increase in the main branch mass flow rate fraction is about 6.2%. Another interesting finding is that the wall shear stress is slightly affected by the magnetic field strength. For the stenosed case, it is found that the high magnetic field strengths can reduce the formulation of the vortices and hence reduce the risk of thrombosis, which agrees with published works. Additionally, the obtained results confirm that using a magnetic field up to 11.7 T, which is used in magnetic resonance imaging devices, is safe, and has a slight effect on blood flow parameters such as the wall shear stress.
Cations impact radical reaction dynamics in concentrated multicomponent aqueous solutions
Authors: Nienhuis Emily T. , Graham Trent R. , D’Annunzio Nicolas L. , Kowalska Malgorzata I. , LaVerne Jay A. , Orlando Thomas M. , Reynolds Jacob G. , Camaioni Donald M. , Rosso Kevin M. , Pearce Carolyn I. , Walter Eric D.
Published: June 2023

Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis of nitrite ions (NO2−) in aqueous solutions produces a suite of radicals, viz., NO·, O−, ·OH, and ·NO2. The O− and NO· radicals are initially formed from the dissociation of photoexcited NO2−. The O− radical undergoes reversible proton transfer with water to generate ·OH. Both ·OH and O− oxidize the NO2− to ·NO2 radicals. The reactions of ·OH occur at solution diffusion limits, which are influenced by the nature of the dissolved cations and anions. Here, we systematically varied the alkali metal cation, spanning the range from strongly to weakly hydrating ions, and measured the production of NO·, ·OH, and ·NO2 radicals during UV photolysis of alkaline nitrite solutions using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with nitromethane spin trapping. Comparing the data for the different alkali cations revealed that the nature of the cation had a significant effect on production of all three radical species. Radical production was inhibited in solutions with high charge density cations, e.g., lithium, and promoted in solutions containing low charge density cations, e.g., cesium. Through complementary investigations with multinuclear single pulse direct excitation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and pulsed field gradient NMR diffusometry, cation-controlled solution structures and extent of NO2− solvation were determined to alter the initial yields of ·NO and ·OH radicals as well as alter the reactivity of NO2− toward ·OH, impacting the production of ·NO2. The implications of these results for the retrieval and processing of low-water, highly alkaline solutions that comprise legacy radioactive waste are discussed.