bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Printing Transparent γ‐Alumina Porous Structures Based on Photopolymerizable Sol–Gel Inks
Authors: Moshkovitz May Yam , Paz Danielle , Magdassi Shlomo
Published: June 2023

A novel method for fabricating transparent porous γ‐alumina 3D structures by printing at high resolution is presented. The process is based on combining digital light processing 3D printing (DLP) and sol–gel reactions, all performed in transparent solutions, resulting in ceramic monolithic porous structures. The aqueous printing solution contains mainly aluminum chloride, propylene oxide (PO), ethanol, and acrylic acid (AA). The printed polymerized structures are aged, followed by supercritical drying (SCD), and sintered at high temperatures. During aging and sintering, the printed objects shrink, thus enabling a final printing resolution far beyond the nominal value of the used printer. The resulting structures are crystalline γ‐Al2O3, with a very high surface area, above 1800 m2 g−1, and optical transmission above 80% at 600 nm. In addition, SCD enables precise control of pores’ dimensions and total surface area, which are essential for applications including thermal insulation and catalyst support and for obtaining heat‐resistant transparent optical devices.
Development of Functional Filter Materials for Virus Protective Face Masks
Authors: Zabihi Fatemeh , Reissner Janina , Friese Anika , Schulze Maiko , Nie Chuanxiong , Nickl Philip , Lehmann Leon , Siller Paul , Melcher Christoph , Schneiders Thomas , Gries Thomas , Rösler Uwe , Haag Rainer
Published: June 2023

Wearing face masks during pandemics is an important protective measure against the spreading of virus‐related infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the risk of indirect transmission of virus by handling masks is one of the earliest concerns. This problem can be minimized by supplementing the masks’ textile structure with virus protective coatings. Therefore, in this concept, suitable techniques for manufacturing virus protective filter media should be evaluated. In this study, nonwoven polyamide 6 (PA6) filter material is functionalized with negatively charged linear polyglycerol sulfate (LPGS) as a virus binding functional group. Two coating conditions are investigated in which the direct covalent coating with LPGS has emerged as the optimum coating method, showing no damage to the PA6 nanofiber structure. The uncoated PA6 and LPGS‐coated PA6 filter materials exhibited virus particle filtration efficiencies of 95% and 94% for airborne feline coronavirus, 98% and 86% for airborne equine herpesvirus 1(EHV‐1), respectively. However, the SARS‐CoV‐2 absorption assay in solution indicates that the LPGS coating reduces viral titres up to 71% when incubating with the LPGS‐coated PA6 filter media for one‐hour. Thus, such an effect is not seen for uncoated PA6 materials. These findings confirm the suitability of LPGS coating as a suitable platform for suppression the spreading of viruses in different pandemics.
Layered Double Hydroxides: A Novel Promising 2D Nanomaterial for Bone Diseases Treatment
Authors: Bian Yixin , Cai Xuejie , Lv Zehui , Xu Yiming , Wang Han , Tan Chaoliang , Liang Ruizheng , Weng Xisheng
Published: June 2023

Bone diseases including bone defects, bone infections, osteoarthritis, and bone tumors seriously affect life quality of the patient and bring serious economic burdens to social health management, for which the current clinical treatments bear dissatisfactory therapeutic effects. Biomaterial‐based strategies have been widely applied in the treatment of orthopedic diseases but are still plagued by deficient bioreactivity. With the development of nanotechnology, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with adjustable metal ion composition and alterable interlayer structure possessing charming physicochemical characteristics, versatile bioactive properties, and excellent drug loading and delivery capabilities arise widespread attention and have achieved considerable achievements for bone disease treatment in the last decade. However, to the authors' best knowledge, no review has comprehensively summarized the advances of LDHs in treating bone disease so far. Herein, the advantages of LDHs for orthopedic disorders treatment are outlined and the corresponding state‐of‐the‐art achievements are summarized for the first time. The potential of LDHs‐based nanocomposites for extended therapeutics for bone diseases is highlighted and perspectives for LDHs‐based scaffold design are proposed for facilitated clinical translation.
Recent Progress on Zn Anodes for Advanced Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Nie Chuanhao , Wang Gulian , Wang Dongdong , Wang Mingyue , Gao Xinran , Bai Zhongchao , Wang Nana , Yang Jian , Xing Zheng , Dou Shixue
Published: June 2023

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent safety, cost‐effectiveness, and eco‐friendliness thereby being considered as one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage. Zn metal anodes with a high gravimetric/volumetric capacity are indispensable for advanced AZIBs. However, pristine Zn metal anodes encounter severe challenges in achieving adequate cycling stability, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, self‐corrosion, and by‐product formation. Because all these reactions are closely related to the electrolyte/Zn interface, the subtle interface engineering is important. Many strategies targeted to the interface engineering have been developed. In this review, a timely update on these strategies and perspectives are summarized, especially focusing on the controllable synthesis of Zn, Zn surface engineering, electrolyte formulation, and separator design. Furthermore, the corresponding internal principles of these strategies are clarified, which is helpful to help seek for new strategies. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the future development of practical AZIBs are discussed, including the conducting of in advanced in situ testing, unification of battery models, some boundary issues, etc. This review is expected to guide the future development and provi beacon light direction for aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Understanding Charge Storage Mechanisms for Amorphous MoSnSe1.5S1.5 Nanoflowers in Alkali‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chang Yu‐Ming , Wen Yu‐Ching , Chen Tsung‐Yi , Lin Chia‐Ching , Huang Shao‐Chu , Ni Chung‐Sheng , Hou An‐Yuan , Hu Chih‐Wei , Liao Yan‐Fa , Kuo Chun‐Han , Liu Shih‐Fu , Wu Wen‐Wei , Li Lain‐Jong , Chen Han‐Yi
Published: June 2023

Transition metal sulfides/selenides have been reported as promising materials for alkali‐ion batteries owing to their high pseudocapacitive effects and large capacities. However, these materials undergo large volume expansion, which results in poor cycling retention. Hence, in this study, an amorphous bimetallic chalcogenide, MoSnSe1.5S1.5 (MSSS), is synthesized to mitigate the volume expansion. By introducing an amorphous structure, MSSS can reach high capacities of 805 mAh g‒1 in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) and 526 mAh g‒1 in Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) at a current density of 0.1 A g‒1. Moreover, amorphous MSSS can tolerate a high current density of 20 A g‒1 and possess high percentages of capacitance contributions in both LIBs and NIBs. To explore fundamentals, in situ/operando measurements, such as X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, transmission X‐ray microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, are utilized to investigate real‐time phenomena and consequently establish the reaction mechanisms for amorphous MSSS electrodes in alkali‐ion batteries.
Hierarchical Porous N‐doped Carbon Encapsulated Fluorine‐free MXene with Tunable Coordination Chemistry by One‐pot Etching Strategy for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xinlu , Ni Zhiwei , Bai Xuexiu , Shen Hengtao , Wang Zhengran , Wei Chuanliang , Tian Kangdong , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin , Feng Jinkui
Published: June 2023

Continuous and considerable exploration of two–dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes)toward interlayer spacing expansion, surface termination modification and composition architecture construction has aroused significant interest in energy storage fields. Nevertheless, their employment remains severely impeded by a fundamental lack of comprehension of the coordination chemistry of MXenes. Herein, hierarchical porous N‐doped carbon encapsulated fluorine‐free Ti3C2Tx with tunable coordination chemistry is fabricated by a novel one‐pot etching strategy. The Ti coordinated with N manipulated by phase reconstruction is identified by high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Moreover, hierarchical porous nitrogen‐doped carbons (HPNC) are distinctly observed that result in a multifold increase in material surface area derived from a substantial increment of micro‐ and mesoporosity. The structural synergistic effect of Ti coordinated with N, and HPNC heighten binding energy and reduce energy barriers that accelerate redox kinetics, and boosts physical immobilization of lithium polysulfides. The aforementioned MXenes modified separators endow lithium–sulfur batteries with a reversible capacity of 889.5 mA h g−1 with capacity retention of 79.5% after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. Overall, this work affords a novel and universal etching strategy in terms of directly synthesizing fluoride‐free MXene with tunable coordination chemistry toward exploring the correlation between structural and electrochemical properties.
Facility design and worker justice: COVID‐19 transmission in meatpacking plants
Authors: Lou Jiehong , Borjigin Sachraa , Tang Connie , Saadat Yalda , Hu Ming , Niemeier Deb A.
Published: June 2023

Background

Meatpacking plants were major sources of COVID‐19 outbreaks, posing unprecedented risks to employees, family members, and local communities. The effect on food availability during outbreaks was immediate and staggering: within 2 months, the price of beef increased by almost 7% with documented evidence of significant meat shortages. Meatpacking plant designs, in general, optimize on production; this design approach constrains the ability to enhance worker respiratory protection without reducing output.

Methods

Using agent‐based modeling, we simulate the spread of COVID‐19 within a typical meatpacking plant design under varying levels of mitigation measures, including combinations of social distancing and masking interventions.

Results

Simulations show an average infection rate of close to 99% with no mitigation, 99% with the policies that US companies ultimately adopted, 81% infected with the combination of surgical masks and distancing policies, and 71% infected with N95 masks and distancing. Estimated infection rates were high, reflecting the duration and exertion of the processing activities and lack of fresh airflow in an enclosed space.

Conclusion

Our results are consistent with anecdotal findings in a recent congressional report, and are much higher than US industry has reported. Our results suggest current processing plant designs made rapid transmission of the virus during the pandemic's early days almost inevitable, and implemented worker protections during COVID‐19 did not significantly affect the spread of the virus. We argue current federal policies and regulations are insufficient to ensure the health and safety of workers, creating a justice issue, and jeopardizing food availability in a future pandemic.
Delayed onset of impaired consciousness complicated with ketoacidosis after disulfiram overdose
Authors: Kakimoto Kohei , Hikone Mayu , Sugiyama Kazuhiro
Published: June 2023

Background

We report a case of disulfiram overdose that caused a delayed onset of impaired consciousness and ketoacidosis.

Case presentation

A 61‐year‐old man was transferred to our hospital following a suicide attempt. The patient lost consciousness after an overdose of disulfiram and brotizolam. He was diagnosed with acute drug intoxication and was intubated. On day 2, he showed an improved consciousness response and was successfully extubated. On day 5, the state of consciousness worsened again, and ketoacidosis progressed. The patient required hemodialysis and suffered from impaired consciousness for the following 2 weeks. Eventually, he recovered gradually and was discharged to the rehabilitation ward.

Conclusions

The delayed appearance of symptoms after the disulfiram overdose was thought to be related to the slow metabolism of disulfiram in the body. Our case suggests the necessity of careful follow‐up for delayed impaired consciousness.
Enhanced Phase Estimation in Parity‐Detection‐Based Mach–Zehnder Interferometer using Non‐Gaussian Two‐Mode Squeezed Thermal Input State
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Rishabh  , Arora Shikhar
Published: June 2023

While the quantum metrological advantages of performing non‐Gaussian operations on two‐mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) states have been extensively explored, similar studies in the context of two‐mode squeezed thermal (TMST) states are severely lacking. This paper explores the potential advantages of performing non‐Gaussian operations on TMST state for phase estimation using parity detection‐based Mach–Zehnder interferometry and compares it with the TMSV case. To this end, a realistic photon subtraction, addition, and catalysis model is considered. A unified Wigner function of the photon subtracted, photon added, and photon catalyzed TMST state is derived, which is used to obtain the expression for the phase sensitivity. The results show that performing non‐Gaussian operations on TMST states can enhance the phase sensitivity for significant squeezing and transmissivity parameter ranges. Because of the probabilistic nature of these operations, it is of utmost importance to consider their success probability. When the success probability is considered, the photon catalysis operation performed using a high transmissivity beam splitter is the optimal non‐Gaussian operation. This contrasts with the TMSV case, where photon addition is observed as the most optimal. Further, the derived Wigner function of the non‐Gaussian TMST states will be useful for state characterization and various quantum protocols.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Thiolation of Alkyl Halides with Thioformates
Authors: Pei Pan , Zhao Min , Lin Dengkai , Dong Zhan , Song Liangliang , Chen Liang‐An
Published: June 2023

Transition metal‐catalyzed C−S cross‐coupling has emerged as an important strategy to furnish thioethers; however, the dominant utilization of noble metal catalysts as well as the construction of challenging C(sp3)−S bonds by transition metal‐catalysis remain highly problematic. Earth‐abundant manganese has gathered increasing interest as an attractive catalyst for new reaction development; nevertheless, C(sp3)−S cross‐coupling reaction by manganese catalysis has not been reported. Herein, we disclose a highly efficient manganese‐catalyzed redox‐neutral thiolation of a broad range of alkyl halides with thioformates as practical sulfuration agents. Strategically, employing easily synthesized thioformates as thiyl radical precursors allows access to various aryl and alkyl thioethers in good to excellent yields. Notably, this redox‐neutral method avoids the utilization of strong bases, external ligands, forcing reaction conditions, and stoichiometric manganese, thus presenting apparent advantages, such as broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and mild reaction conditions. Finally, the utilities of this method are also illustrated by downstream transformations and late‐stage thiolation of structurally complex natural products and pharmaceuticals.
Toward a Formyl‐to‐Phenyl Conversion: An Unexpected Photochemical Fulvene Rearrangement
Authors: Lindner Monika M. , Alachraf M. Wasim , Mitschke Benjamin , Schulze Philipp , Leutzsch Markus , List Benjamin
Published: June 2023

Toward a conversion of aldehydes into arenes, we designed a sequence involving the initial reaction of an aldehyde to give a fulvene, followed by photochemical and platinum‐catalyzed rearrangements into a Dewar benzene derivative, which finally isomerizes into the targeted arene. While computational studies support the plausibility of this route, we found that fulvene irradiation resulted in an unexpected isomerization into a spiro[2.4]heptadiene. This unusual photorearrangement has been investigated mechanistically and provides access to a variety of spiro[2.4]heptadienes with different substituents.
Double advantages of 2D coordination polymer of coumarinyl‐pyridyl Schiff base decorated Zn(II): The fabrication of Schottky device and Anti‐carcinogenic activity
Authors: Paul Sukanya , Dutta Basudeb , Das Pubali , Halder Satyajit , Shit Manik , Ray Partha Pratim , Jana Kuladip , Sinha Chittaranjan
Published: June 2023

A 2D coordination polymer, [Zn2(BDC)4(QPR)2(H2O)]n (Zn(II)‐CP) (BDC2− = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylato; QPR = 7‐[(pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene)‐amino]‐chromen‐2‐one), is presumably the first reported on coumarinyl‐pyridyl framework with terephthalato linker. The optical band gap, 2.91 eV, is obtained from the Tauc's plot that insists to fabricate an optically stimulated semiconducting device, and the electrical conductivity exhibited (Λ) is 8.07 × 10−3 S m−1 (dark) and 9.26 × 10−3 S m−1 (light). The cytotoxicity in the selected human cancer cell lines like HeLa, MDA‐MB 231, and HepG2 cells in relative to the normal kidney epithelial (NKE) cell line has been examined, and its efficacy is observed highest in inhibiting proliferation of HeLa cells (IC50, 21.02) compared with other cancer cells (IC50: 42.22 [HepG2] and 46.37 [MDA‐MB 231]). Further, the Zn(II)‐CP possess intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and caspase‐3/7 activation leading to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in HeLa cell line. This novel coumarinyl‐pyridyl ligand appended Zn(II)‐CP has been employed for the fabrication of semiconducting device, which is quite impressive in view of existing energy crisis civilization; in addition, the compound has excellent bio‐activity.
Comparison of properties of carbon reinforced plastic obtained on the basis of semicrystalline polyimideR‐BAPBand other high‐temperature‐resistant thermoplastic matrices
Authors: Vaganov Gleb , Ivan'kova Elena , Didenko Andrey , Popova Elena , Smirnova Valentina , Elokhovskiy Vladimir , Yudin Vladimir
Published: June 2023

Heat resistant thermoplastic matrices offer potential advantages over thermoset polymers and represent a promising alternative in advanced composite applications. In the present work, the properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) based on the developed semicrystalline polyimide R‐BAPB were studied and compared with those of highly heat‐resistant thermoplastic polymers such as amorphous polyetherimide Ultem‐1000 and semicrystalline polyetherketone PEEK. To obtain CFRP, an approach was used basing on the uniform distribution of polymer powders on continuous carbon fibers by electrostatic spraying followed by their impregnation in heated calenders and hot pressing. The thermal and thermomechanical properties of CFRPs based on mentioned above polymers were studied. The effect of temperature on the mechanical behavior of CFRPs, including flexural properties and interlaminar fracture toughnessG1C, was investigated as well. CFRPs based on PEEK and R‐BAPB are found to have the highest thermal stability and heat resistance. The maximum flexural strength, which practically does not change in a wide temperature range from −50 to 180°C, is observed for CFRP based on R‐BAPB polyimide. Among the investigated CFRPs, the highest value of interlaminar fracture toughness is shown by CFRPs based on semicrystalline R‐BAPB.
Anatomical study of the sacrotuberous ligament and the hamstring muscles: A histomorphological analysis
Authors: Kim Miri , Yang Hun‐Mu , Yeo In‐Seung
Published: June 2023

The sacrotuberous ligament (STL) and the hamstrings are important structures that are mutually connected and influenced by the pelvis. However, the anatomical connectivity and histological characteristics of these structures remain unclear. The present study aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between the STL and the proximal hamstrings through histological analysis. Sixteen specimens were obtained from eight fresh cadavers (mean age at death, 73.4 years). Verhoeff Van Gieson, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the connectivity between the STL and the hamstrings and to verify the ratios of collagen and elastic fibers. Dense connective tissue that overlapped tightly between the STL and hamstrings was observed. The relative ratios of collagen and elastic fibers between the STL and hamstrings characteristically identified regional differences. The ratio of elastic fibers to collagen in the biceps femoris (BF) was ~38.6 ± 4.7%, and the lowest ratio was 5.9 ± 2.6% observed in the semimembranosus (SM). In the case of the BF, contractibility is well‐regulated due to a high content of elastic fibers; however, the muscular structure of the BF is relatively fragile due to the low content of collagen. In the SM, collagen content is higher than that in the STL. This ratio of elastic fibers in the collagen analysis could provide crucial information for understanding the differences in hamstring contractility and maintaining the morphology of these structures.
The genetic polymorphisms of immune‐related genes contribute to the susceptibility and survival of lymphoma
Authors: Gu Chaoyang , Can Can , Liu Jinting , Wei Yihong , Yang Xinyu , Guo Xiaodong , Wang Ruiqing , Jia Wenbo , Liu Wancheng , Ma Daoxin
Published: June 2023

Background

Though immunological abnormalities have been proven involved in the pathogenesis of lymphoma, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Methods

We investigated 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 21 immune‐related genes and explored their roles in lymphoma. The genotyping assay of the selected SNPs was used by the Massarray platform. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the associations of SNPs and the susceptibility of lymphoma or clinical characteristics of lymphoma patients. In addition, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was used to further analyze the relationships with the survival of lymphoma patients and candidate SNPs, and the significant difference between genotypes was verified by the expression of RNA.

Results

By comparing 245 lymphoma patients with 213 healthy controls, we found eight important SNPs related to the susceptibility of lymphoma, which were involved in JAK–STAT, NF‐κB and other functional pathways. We further analyzed the relationships between SNPs and clinical characteristics. Our results showed that both IL6R (rs2228145) and STAT5B (rs6503691) significantly contributed to the Ann Arbor stages of lymphoma. And the STAT3 (rs744166), IL2 (rs2069762), IL10 (rs1800871), and PARP1 (rs907187) manifested a significant relationship with the peripheral blood counts in lymphoma patients. More importantly, the IFNG (rs2069718) and IL12A (rs6887695) were associated with the overall survival (OS) of lymphoma patients remarkably, and the adverse effects of GC genotypes could not be offset by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison in rs6887695 especially. Moreover, we determined that the mRNA expression levels of IFNG and IL12A were significantly decreased in patients with shorter‐OS genotypes.

Conclusions

We used multiple methods of analysis to predict the correlations between lymphoma susceptibility, clinical characteristics or OS with SNPs. Our findings reveal that immune‐related genetic polymorphisms contribute to the prognosis and treatment of lymphoma, which may serve as promising predictive targets.
Predictors of nonadherence to breast cancer screening guidelines in a United States urban comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Wehbe Alexandra , Gonte Madeleine R. , O'Neill Suzanne C. , Amit‐Yousif Alit , Purrington Kristen , Manning Mark , Simon Michael S.
Published: June 2023

Background

This study aimed to identify predictors of nonadherence to breast cancer screening guidelines in an urban screening clinic among high‐ and average‐risk women in the United States.

Methods

We reviewed records of 6090 women who received ≥2 screening mammograms over 2 years at the Karmanos Cancer Institute to examine how breast cancer risk and breast density were associated with guideline‐concordant screening. Incongruent screening was defined as receiving supplemental imaging between screening mammograms for average‐risk women, and as not receiving recommended supplemental imaging for high‐risk women. We used t‐tests and chi‐square tests to examine bivariate associations with guideline‐congruent screening, and probit regression to regress guideline‐congruence unto breast cancer risk, breast density, and their interaction, controlling for age and race.

Results

Incongruent screening was more likely among high‐ versus average‐risk women (97.7% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.01). Among average‐risk women, incongruent screening was more likely among those with dense versus nondense breasts (2.0% vs. 0.1%, p < 0.01). Among high‐risk women, incongruent screening was more likely among those with nondense versus dense breasts (99.5% vs. 95.2%, p < 0.01). The significant main effects of density and high‐risk on increased incongruent screening were qualified by a density by high‐risk interaction, showing a weaker association between risk and incongruent screening among women with dense breasts (simple slope = 3.71, p < 0.01) versus nondense breasts (simple slope = 5.79, p < 0.01). Age and race were not associated with incongruent screening.

Conclusions

Lack of adherence to evidence‐based screening guidelines has led to underutilization of supplementary imaging for high‐risk women and potential overutilization for women with dense breasts without other risk factors.
Insights into the Role of Erythrina corallodendron L. in Alzheimer's Disease: in Vitro and in Silico Approach
Authors: Salem Ahmed M. , Mostafa Nada M. , Al‐Sayed Eman , Fawzy Iten M. , Singab Abdel Nasser B.
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major health problem. Cholinergic transmission is greatly affected in AD. Phytochemical investigation of the alkaloid rich fraction (AF) of Erythrina corallodendron L leaves resulted in isolation of five known alkaloids: erysodine, erythrinine, 8‐oxoerythrinine, erysovine N‐oxide and erythrinine N‐oxide. In this study, eysovine N‐oxide was reported for the second time in nature. AF was assayed for cholinesterase inhibition at the concentration of 100 μg mL−1. AF showed a higher percent inhibition for butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BuChE) (83.28 %) compared to acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) (64.64 %). The isolated alkaloids were also assayed for their anti‐BuChE effect. In‐silico docking study was done for the isolated compounds at the binding sites of AChE and BuChE to determine their binding pattern and interactions, also molecular dynamics were estimated for the compound displaying the best fit for AChE and BuChE. In addition, ADME parameters and toxicity were predicted for the isolated alkaloids compared to donepezil.
Cuticular Wax Variability of Abies alba, A.×borisii‐regis and A. cephalonica from the Balkans: Chemophenetic and Ecological Aspects
Authors: Mitić Zorica S. , Nikolić Jelena S. , Dimitrijević Ivana S. , Jevtović Snežana Č. , Nikolić Biljana M. , Zlatković Bojan K. , Stojanović Gordana S.
Published: June 2023

This is the first study on cuticular wax variability of Abies alba, A.×borisii‐regis and A. cephalonica, using 18 native populations from the assumed hybrid zone in the Balkan Peninsula. Presence of 13 n‐alkanes with chain‐lengths ranging from C21 to C33, one primary alcohol, two diterpenes, one triterpene and one sterol was determined in hexane extracts of 269 needle samples. The multivariate statistical analyses at the population level entirely failed in supporting circumscription of Balkan Abies taxa and therefore, in identifying hybrid populations. However, performed at the species level, these analyses revealed a certain tendency of differentiation between A. alba and A. cephalonica, while individuals of A.×borisii‐regis were largely overlapped by the clouds of both parent species. Finally, the correlation analysis suggested that the observed variation of wax compounds was probably genetically conditioned and that it does not represent an adaptive response to various environmental factors.
Feline restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma treated with toceranib phosphate (Palladia) as adjuvant chemotherapy: A case study of one cat
Authors: Komatsu Hiroyuki , Ueshima Asuka , Kobayashi Yoshitaka , Shimoyama Yumiko , Takiyama Naoaki , Rimpo Kenji
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

This is the first case report of treatment with toceranib phosphate as postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced FROMS. This reported case highlights the need for further studies on the efficacy of toceranib phosphate as adjuvant chemotherapy for FROMS.

Feline restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma (FROMS) is a rare aggressive tumor in cats. We explored the effectiveness of using toceranib phosphate as postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced FROMS in a 7‐year‐old cat. Despite treatment, the cat died 4 months after surgery. This report highlights the need for further studies on the efficacy of toceranib phosphate as adjuvant chemotherapy for FROMS.
Molecular Editing Enhances Oxidation Resistance of Menaquinone‐Targeting Antibiotics Lysocin E and WAP‐8294A2
Authors: Fu Junhao , Nakata Yosuke , Itoh Hiroaki , Panthee Suresh , Hamamoto Hiroshi , Sekimizu Kazuhisa , Inoue Masayuki
Published: June 2023

Lysocin E (1 a) and WAP‐8294A2 (2 a) are peptidic natural products with 37‐ and 40‐membered macrocycles, respectively. Compounds 1 a and 2 a have potent antibacterial activities against Gram‐positive bacteria and share a unique mode of action. The electron‐rich indole ring of d‐Trp‐10 of 1 a and 2 a interacts with the electron‐deficient benzoquinone ring of menaquinone, which is a co‐enzyme in the bacterial respiratory chain. Formation of the electron‐donor‐acceptor complex causes membrane disruption, leading to cell death. Despite the promising activities of 1 a and 2 a, the susceptibility of Trp‐10 to oxidative degradation potentially deters the development of these compounds as antibacterial drugs. To address this issue, we replaced the indole ring with more oxidation‐resistant aromatics having a similar shape and electron‐rich character. Specifically, analogues with benzofuran (1 b/2 b), benzothiophene (1 c/2 c), and 1‐naphthalene (1 d/2 d) rings were designed, and chemically prepared by full solid‐phase total syntheses. Antibacterial assays of the six analogues revealed similar activities of 1 d/2 d and markedly reduced activities of 1 b/2 b and 1 c/2 c compared with 1 a/2 a. Equipotent 1 d and 2 d both showed high resistance to oxidation by peroxyl radicals. Hence, the present study demonstrates a new molecular editing strategy for conferring oxidation stability on natural products with pharmacologically useful functions.
Birth order, sibship size, and risk of atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and atopy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lisik Daniil , Ermis Saliha Selin Özuygur , Ioannidou Athina , Milani Gregorio Paolo , Nyassi Sungkutu , Spolidoro Giulia Carla Immacolata , Kankaanranta Hannu , Goksör Emma , Wennergren Göran , Nwaru Bright Ibeabughichi
Published: June 2023

Background

Atopic dermatitis and food allergy are two frequently concomitant manifestations of the presence of atopy. A substantial number of studies have been published on the association of birth order and sibship size (number of siblings) with atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and atopy. The present work is the first systematic synthesis of the existing literature on this topic.

Methods

Fifteen databases were searched. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by independent pairs. Comparable numerical data were statistically synthesized using random‐effects robust variance estimation.

Results

In total, 114 studies were included out of 8819 papers obtained from database searches. Birth order ≥2 versus 1 was associated with lower risk of ever atopic dermatitis (pooled risk ratio [RR] 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98), current food allergy (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.90), and positive skin prick test (SPT) to common aeroallergens (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.97). Sibship size ≥2 versus 1 was associated with decreased risk of current atopic dermatitis (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.98), ever atopic dermatitis (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.97), and positive SPT to common aeroallergens (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.92). No putative associations were seen regarding atopy assessed through allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E with common allergens.

Conclusion

The presence of siblings and being second‐born or later may decrease the lifetime risk of atopic dermatitis and food allergy, albeit marginally. Similar association was seen with SPT sensitization. However, significant protection was not found for IgE sensitization.
Social cognition and adjustment in adult survivors of pediatric central nervous system tumors
Authors: Papini Chiara , Willard Victoria W. , Gajjar Amar , Merchant Thomas E. , Srivastava Deokumar , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Krull Kevin R. , Brinkman Tara M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Survivors of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are at risk for neurocognitive and social difficulties throughout childhood. This study characterized social cognition (perception and reasoning from social cues) and adjustment in adulthood.

Methods

A total of 81 adult survivors of pediatric CNS tumors (51% female; mean [SD] age, 28.0 [5.8] years), were recruited across four groups: (1) no radiation therapy (RT) [n = 21], (2) infratentorial (IT) tumors + focal RT [n = 20], (3) IT tumors + craniospinal irradiation [n = 20], and (4) supratentorial tumors + focal RT [n = 20]. Prevalence of social cognitive and adjustment impairments was compared to test norms. Multivariable models examined clinical and neurocognitive predictors of social cognition and its impact on functional outcomes.

Results

Survivors demonstrated elevated risk of severe social cognitive impairments (social perception Morbidity Ratio [95% CI] 5.70 [3.46–9.20]), but self‐reported few social adjustment problems. Survivors of IT tumors treated with craniospinal irradiation performed nearly 1 SD worse than survivors treated without RT on multiple measures of social cognition (e.g., social perception: β = −0.89, p = .004). Impaired executive functioning and nonverbal reasoning were associated with worse social cognitive performance (e.g., social perception: β = −0.75, p < .001; β = –0.84, p < .001, respectively). Better social perception was associated with higher odds of attaining full‐time employment (odds ratio, 1.52 [1.17–1.97]) and at least some college education (odds ratio, 1.39 [1.11–1.74]).

Conclusions

Adult survivors of CNS tumors are at elevated risk of severely impaired social cognition, but do not perceive social adjustment difficulties. Better understanding of potential mechanisms underlying social cognitive deficits may inform intervention targets to promote better functional outcomes for at‐risk survivors.
Influence of Titanium Dioxide Grain Size on Phasic Composition and Lysozyme Adsorption of Hydroxyapatite and Titanium Dioxide Composite Powders—A Thermal Decomposition Study by XRD and SEM Analysis
Authors: Said Sana , Moseke Claus , Elter Patrick
Published: June 2023

Biomedical applications make high demands on the development of novel bioactive materials, which are often based on functionalized calcium phosphates (CaPs). In this study, pure nanoscaled hydroxyapatite (HAp) and modified HAp with titanium dioxide (TiO2) with both nano‐ and microparticles are successfully synthesized from the reactants calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid in a wet chemistry reaction. The obtained powders are sintered in a temperature range of 750 °C–1400 °C to study their thermal decomposition behavior. The phase composition and the surface morphology are characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy with element mapping. Lysozyme adsorption experiments reveal significantly higher adsorption on the samples modified with nanoparticles. Sintered samples modified with both TiO2particle sizes show HAp decomposition to β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) as well as the formation of perovskite (CaTiO3) in different portions depending on the TiO2particle size. TiO2nanoparticles support anatase to rutile transformation at lower temperatures than TiO2microparticles. The results show that the examined HAp/TiO2composites may serve as a starter material for tailormade biomaterials with specific composition by variation of the sintering temperature and the TiO2particle size.
Assessing the influence of social capital and innovations on environmental performance of manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Ooi Say Keat , Lee Chan Hua , Amran Azlan
Published: June 2023

Pursuing sustainable development has become a necessity for all types of businesses, including small medium enterprises (SMEs). Owing to the increasing stakeholder pressures towards environmental conservation, innovations may be required given SMEs' limited resources. Drawing upon the resource‐based view, this study aims to shed light on how social capital helps small manufacturing firms to innovate, and how innovations, in turn, enhance their environmental performance. Based on data gathered from 203 small Malaysian manufacturers and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM), the findings emphasised the crucial role of social capital, process innovation and digital innovation in enhancing a small firm's environmental performance. Both process innovation and digital innovation mediate the relationship between social capital and environmental performance, of which digital innovation held a stronger effect. Additionally, findings from the Importance Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) specified that digital innovation has a high importance for environmental performance but showed a low performance. Overall, the model exhibits medium predictive power, and provides theoretical and practical implications for guiding future directions in enhancing the environmental performance of manufacturing SMEs.
Hardware implementation of proposed and conventional PV array reconfiguration techniques to extract maximum power under various shading conditions
Authors: Chavan Vinaya , Mikkili Suresh
Published: June 2023

The unpredictability of partial shadowing impacts the solar photovoltaic system's performance. This results in mismatch losses, reducing the healthy PV module's power output. This paper proposes a new reconfiguration method to increase the power generation of an array by lowering the power losses. A new physical relocation technique named the magic matrix shifting (MMS) method has been introduced in this paper. This work uses MATLAB/Simulink to model a 36, 213w, 6 × 6 PV array construction. Under six different partial shading situations, the performance has been examined based on P‐V, I‐V characteristics, maximum power extraction, power loss, and percentage. For comparison purposes, conventional total‐cross‐tide (TCT) and six other reconfigurations, including sudoku (SK), optimum sudoku (OSK), zig‐zag (ZZ), magic square (MS), sky‐scraper (SS), and novel shade dispersion (NSD) have been considered.
Released dsDNA‐triggered inflammasomes serve as intestinal radioprotective targets
Authors: Chen Long , Wang Ziwen , Wu Jie , Yao Quan , Peng Jingjing , Zhang Chi , Chen Hongdan , Li Yingjie , Jiang Zhongyong , Liu Yunsheng , Shi Chunmeng
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Intestinal mucositis is the major side effect during abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy, but the underlying immunogen remains to be further characterised and few radioprotective agents are available. This study investigated the role of dsDNA‐triggered inflammasomes in intestinal mucositis during radiotherapy.

Methods

Pro‐inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. Radiation‐induced intestinal injury in mice was analyzed by means of survival curves, body weight, HE staining of intestines, and intestinal barrier integrity. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, co‐immunoprecipitation assay and flow cytometry were used to investigate the regulatory role of dsDNA on inflammasomes.

Results

Here, we show that a high level of IL‐1β and IL‐18 is associated with diarrhoea in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients during radiotherapy, which accounts for intestinal radiotoxicity. Subsequently, we found that the dose‐dependently released dsDNA from the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) serves as the potential immunogenic molecule for radiation‐induced intestinal mucositis. Our results further indicate that the released dsDNA transfers into the macrophages in an HMGB1/RAGE‐dependent manner and then triggers absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome activation and the IL‐1β and IL‐18 secretion. Finally, we show that the FDA‐approved disulfiram (DSF), a newly identified inflammasome inhibitor, could mitigate intestinal radiotoxicity by controlling inflammasome.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the extracellular self‐dsDNA released from the irradiated IECs is a potential immunogen to stimulate immune cells and trigger the subsequent intestinal mucositis, while blunting the dsDNA‐triggered inflammasome in macrophages may represent an exciting therapeutic strategy for side effects control during abdominal radiotherapy.
Effect of liquid‐based cytology fixing solution on immunocytochemistry: Efficacy of antigen retrieval in cytologic specimens
Authors: Sakabe Nanako , Maruyama Sayumi , Ito Chihiro , Shimoyama Yuka , Sudo Kazuhisa , Sato Shouichi , Ikeda Katsuhide
Published: June 2023

Background

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is an indispensable technique to improve diagnostic accuracy. ICC using liquid‐based cytology (LBC)‐fixed specimens has been reported. However, problems may arise if the samples are not fixed appropriately. We investigated the relationship between the LBC fixing solution and ICC and the usefulness of antigen retrieval (AR) in LBC specimens.

Methods

Specimens were prepared from five types of LBC‐fixed samples using cell lines and the SurePath™ method. ICC was performed using 13 antibodies and analyzed by counting the number of positive cells in the immunocytochemically stained specimens.

Results

Insufficient reactivity was observed using ICC without heat‐induced AR (HIAR) in nuclear antigens. The number of positive cells increased in ICC with HIAR. The percentage of positive cells was lower in CytoRich™ Blue samples for Ki‐67 and in CytoRich™ Red and TACAS™ Ruby samples for estrogen receptor and p63 than in the other samples. For cytoplasmic antigens, the percentage of positive cells for no‐HIAR treatment specimens was low in the three antibodies used. In cytokeratin 5/6, the number of positive cells increased in all LBC specimens with HIAR, and the percentage of positive cells in CytoRich™ Red and TACAS™ Ruby samples was significantly lower (p < .01). For cell membrane antigens, CytoRich™ Blue samples had a lower percentage of positive cells than the other LBC‐fixed samples.

Conclusion

The combination of detected antigen, used cells, and fixing solution may have different effects on immunoreactivity. ICC using LBC specimens is a useful technique, but the staining conditions should be examined before performing ICC.
Sign‐indefinite linear quadratic differential game for stochastic systems via static output feedback strategy
Authors: Sagara Muneomi , Mukaidani Hiroaki
Published: June 2023

Sign‐indefinite linear quadratic differential game for stochastic systems by means of static output feedback (SOF) strategy is investigated. First, the saddle point equilibrium condition of external disturbance and control strategy is established based on stochastic cross‐coupled algebraic matrix equations (SCCAMEs). Second, the numerical algorithms for solving the SCCAMEs are discussed. In particular, the difference between the existing algorithm and the proposed one is addressed. In order to show the validity for the several algorithms, a modified practical numerical example is demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that the optimality for the cost functional cannot be attained via the existing algorithm. Furthermore, it is claimed that the new proposed algorithm by combining the numerical algorithm that consist of stochastic Ricatti and Lyapunov equations with the Newton method is useful and reliable because the setting of the initial condition is quite easy task and fast convergence is attained.
Drugs acting at TRPM7 channels inhibit seizure‐like activity
Authors: Khalil Aytakin , Shekh‐Ahmad Tawfeeq , Kovac Stjepana , Wykes Robert C. , Horgen F. David , Fleig Andrea , Walker Matthew C.
Published: June 2023

Transient receptor potential cation subfamily M7 (TRPM7) channels are ion channels permeable to divalent cations. They are abundantly expressed with particularly high expression in the brain. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of TRPM7 channels in brain diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injury, yet evidence for a role in seizures and epilepsy is lacking. Here, we show that carvacrol, a food additive that inhibits TRPM7 channels, and waixenicin A, a novel selective and potent TRPM7 inhibitor, completely suppressed seizure‐like activity in rodent hippocampal‐entorhinal brain slices exposed to pentylenetetrazole or low magnesium. These findings support inhibition of TRPM7 channels as a novel target for antiseizure medications.
Full‐scale shaking table test and numerical analysis of structural frames with SMA cable‐restrained base isolation
Authors: Fang Cheng , Liu Xiaotian , Wang Wei , Zheng Yue
Published: June 2023

Restrainer is a promising solution for deformation control of isolated systems. The present study comprehensively discusses the behavior, design and potential application of a novel superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) cable‐restrained laminated natural rubber (SMA‐LNR) bearing. The study commences with a brief introduction of the working principle, and then a quasi‐static test on an individual bearing specimen is presented. A full‐scale shaking table test is subsequently presented, followed by a comprehensive parametric study, leading to preliminary design recommendations. The quasi‐static test shows a two‐stage behavior exhibited by the individual SMA‐LNR bearing, that is, linear flexible behavior at small displacements and restraining stage beyond initial gap. Under dynamic excitations, the SMA cables swayed smoothly with the shear deformation of the bearings, and experienced fracture beyond the maximum considered earthquake (MCE). The restraining effect is strengthened with increasing number of SMA cables, but this is accompanied by an increase in the acceleration response of the superstructure. An earlier engagement of the SMA cables, that is, smaller initial gap, leads to decreases in the bearing deformation. The acceleration responses of the superstructure and the maximum cable strain are not very sensitive to the initial gap. Using an overly small number of SMA cables has limited beneficial effect on bearing deformation control, and may even increase the deformation under certain excitations; therefore, a lower‐bound restraining force offered by SMA cables should be given to ensure an unconditional positive bearing deformation control. Two normalized design parameters and their recommended values are finally proposed to facilitate practical design.