bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Storage Time on Quality of Soy Protein-Celery Composite Paper
Authors: Shao Cai , Yang Chuan Min , Wang Xin Yu , Hou Hong Hong
Published: October 2012

In the present study, we researched the influence of storage time on quality of soy protein-celery composite paper. During the storage time, the protein content in the paper does not change significantly; Aerobic plate counts were decreased along with the increase of the storage time; Composite paper and celery paper color index values indicated that their value was related to the color yellowish-green (-2 to +2), except for celery paper in the 0 months; papers DPPH• radical scavenging rate sharply decreased, and was not detected till the third months.
Preparation and Properties Research of PA6/PLA Blends Toughening Modified by TPU
Authors: Chen Yi , Xu Wei Jian , Zeng Guang Sheng , Zeng Xiao Hong , Liu Wen Yong , Huang Yu Gang
Published: October 2012

Polyamide 6/Poly(lactic acid) (PA6/PLA) blends introduce the degradability of PLA to high performance PA6, but the bad toughness of both PA6 and PLA limits the application of blends. Aiming at this deficiency, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was used as an additive for modifying the toughness of PA6/PLA blends. PA6/PLA/TPU blends at various compositions were prepared by melt blending, the effects of blend compositions on the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of blends were investigated. The results showed that the addition of TPU improves the compatibilization between PA6 and PLA and makes the blends show more obvious plastic fracture behavior than PA6/PLA.When the content of PLA in PA6/PLA increases, the impact and tensile strength of blends decrease slightly with the intense decrease of the elongation at break, adding TPU into PA6/PLA blends strengthens the toughness of blends, but the tensile strength of blends decreases. Moreover, the crystallinity of PA6 /PLA blend is hampered by TPU.
The Influence of Flexible Film with Releasing Sulfur Dioxide on Quality of 'Vitis labruscana Kyoho' Table Grapes
Authors: Li Dong Li , Xu Wen Cai , Liu Zun Zhong , Fu Ya Bo , Wang Ya Jun
Published: October 2012

An active packaging film (APF1) with releasing low concentration sulfur dioxide (SO2) was tested on quality of ‘vitis labruscana kyoho’ table grape. All samples were stored at 5°C and during the storage period the main quality parameters, weight loss, berries shatter, decay, firmness, total soluble solids content (TSS), total acid (TA, using the PH of grape juice instead of the TA ), Vitamin c (Vc) content were monitored and compared with the control sample unpacked in any film. Results demonstrated that APF1 could reduce water loss of table grapes, prevent it from pathogens infection. The results also showed that APF1 could greatly guarantee a long shelf life for grape. After storage 56 days (storage at 0~5°C), the water loss, berry firmness, TA and Vc content in grapes packaged in APF1 were slowly reduced, TSS was slight increased, percentage of shatter and decayed berries of grapes were 22% and 27%, respectively. The percentage of berries decay of grapes packaged in APF1 was reduced to 5% from 21% for control batches on 11th days. All unpackaged table grapes (control batches) were decayed after 28 days. APF1 would help to preserve quality and extend shelf life of table grapes.
Effects of Coupling Agents on the Mechanical Properties of the Calcium Carbonate-Plastic Composite Packaging Materials
Authors: Wang Zhao Xia , Gao De , Xu Wen Cai
Published: October 2012

Mechanical properties of the calcium-plastic composite have a great influence on the containers. The main factors affecting the mechanical properties are the process and material formulations. This paper mainly describes its impact of the addition of coupling agent. Under the usage of analysis of variance on single factor experiment, the mechanical properties of the calcium carbonate-plastic composite with three different coupling agents (silane, titanate and aluminate) were studied in the same test conditions. The results show that: The type and quantity of the coupling agent effect a lot on the mechanical properties of the composite. The silane coupling agent is the most suitable for calcium carbonate-plastic composite packaging materials, and the compatibility of calcium carbonate and polyethylene can be improved. When the silane coupling agent was at a 2.25 wt. % concentration, the tensile and flexural strength were improved obviously, especially the tensile strength increased by 23.24%, but the impact strength improved slightly.
Production of Binderless Particleboard Using Rice Straw Pretreated with Liquid Hot Water
Authors: Luo Peng , Yang Chuan Min
Published: October 2012

Bonding of agricultural lignocellulosic ﬁbers can be improved by liquid hot water pretreatment. This work applied liquid hot water pretreatment to rice straw. The pretreated rice straw was used to make binderless particleboard. The effect of reaction temperature and residence time on the yield of cellulose pulps, chemical composition of rice straw, and modulus of rupture, internal bond and water absorption of the resulted binderless particleboard were investigated. The results indicated that the yield of cellulose pulps decreased with increasing reaction temperature and residence time, whereas the degradation of hemicellulose increased. The modulus of rupture and internal bond increased while water absorption of panels decreased as pretreatment severity increased. The optimum pretreatment condition, with 18.1 MPa of modulus of rupture, 0.240 MPa internal bond and 63.7% of water absorption of panels, occurred under 170°C temperature and 15 minute residence time.
A Novel Preparation of Porous Superhydrophobic Polystyrene/Poly (vinyl chloride) Composites Film
Authors: Yuan Zhi Qing , Song Bao Feng , Liu Qi Long , Jiang Hai Yun , Bin Ji Ping , Wang Xian , Wu Ruo Mei
Published: October 2012

Inspired by the “lotus effect”, a porous superhydrophobic PS/PVC composites film comprised of many micro-spheres and nanofibers was obtained by a simple approach. These micro-spheres were interlinked with nano-fibers. The sizes of the micro-spheres were 0.6-3 µm, and the diameters of these nano-fibers were between 100-600 nm. The water contact angle and sliding angle on the superhydrophobic film were 155±1.8ºand 3º, respectively. When water flowed through the PS/PVC composites film for 2 h, no water bead was adhered on the superhydrophobic PS/PVC composites film, and the contact angle value was remained about 155°. Moreover, the contact angle were still higher than 150° when contacting with water with the temperatures ranging from 10°C to 60°C. The surface morphology of the PS/PVC composites film can be adjusted by changing the addition of PVC.
Research on Modified Atmosphere Packaging in Fresh Red Meat Product Marketing
Authors: Zhao Peng , Cao Lei
Published: October 2012

According to the national conditions in China, this article is aiming at introducing the application statues of the modified atmosphere packaging of the fresh red meat product. It has expounded in detail the product feature of the fresh red meat and the mechanization of retaining freshness in the way of the modified atmosphere packaging. From four aspects, this article analyzes the influencing factors of the fresh red meat, such as the proportion of mixed gas, gas barrier materials, meat splitting ways and the meat storage temperature. In accordance with the market sales environment, it has discussed the specific improvement operation mode in quality of meat, the handle ability and the effect of packing, as well as the problems which should be noticed in this process. At the end, it has look into the promising future in the modified atmosphere packaging of fresh red meat products.
The Dynamic Cushioning Property Analysis of Gasbag Packaging
Authors: Lu Jian Dong , Xu Wen Cai , Zhang Gai Mei
Published: October 2012

Gasbag packaging is a novel cushioning packaging solution with advantages of low price and reusable practicality. Dynamic cushioning performance is one of the important properties to evaluate the gasbag packaging as buffer packaging material. In this work, the internal pressure change of the gasbags was studied theoretically in the dynamic process. Also, three kinds of cushioning packaging including honeycomb paperboard, EPS buffer material and gasbag packaging were experimentally investigated. By comparing the dynamic cushioning curves, the dynamic cushioning performance of three packaging solutions were analyzed. Hence, a new dynamic cushioning design method of gasbag packaging was proposed according to the above theoretical and experimental results.
Research on Poly Lactic Acid Solvent Coated Paper
Authors: Tai Jing Lei , Chen Guang Xue , Chen Qi Feng , Tang Bao Lin
Published: October 2012

This paper draws on a roll coating method which used for the production of coated paper. Polylactide coating cardboard was prepared through the solvent coating, and study its packaging performance. In this study, chloroform is based solvent, ethanol or n-propanol as auxiliary solvents, poly (ethylene glycol) or poly caprolactone as plasticizer, and the water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability and heat sealability of polylactic acid coated cardboard.
Establishment of Fermentation Cultivation System to Produce PHB Using Methane-Utilizing Mixed Culture
Authors: Dong Jing , Wang He Teng
Published: October 2012

A new fermentation strategy, one-step fermentation was developed for PHB production with high cell concentration and good productivity in a simplified way. Combined with the research results of PHB synthesis with the method of shake-flasks fermentation cultivation, the fermentation system was built based on the characteristics of fermentation tank cultivation,which was much superior to the traditional two-step fermentation. Based on shake flask studies, the full advantages of fermentation culture was taken to achieve the improvement of PHB production. Through this fermentation method with high PHB accumulation capacity, it provides a feasible way to expand the scale of PHB production, and promotes PHB industrial production process using Methane-Utilizing mixed Culture.
Synthesis and Characterization of Star-Shaped Polylactic Acid with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hui , Gu Wen Juan , Li Hou Bin , Tang Yi Xiang , Wu Long Qi
Published: October 2012

A series of star-shaped polylactic acid was synthesized using L-lactic acid (L-LA) and octa(γ-chloroammoniumpropyl) octasilsesquioxane (POSS-NH3Cl) by in the presence of stannous(II) octanoate (Sn(Otc)2) catalyst. The structures and properties of these dendritic polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and TGA, respectively. These results demonstrated that the chemical reaction between POSS-NH3Cl and L-LA had been taken place, and the novel star-shaped polylactic acid (POSS-g-PLLA) had been synthesized. And thermal properties, such as melting temperature and decomposition temperature, were obviously improved along with the increment of the added amount of POSS-NH3Cl. The decomposition temperature of POSS-g-PLLA was higher ca. 70°C higher than that of PLLA, also higher 65°C than that of POSS-NH3Cl/PLLA.
Study on the Crystalline Morphology of HDPE/E-TMB Blends
Authors: Fan Wei Hua , Wang Ren Jie , Liu Yu Kun , Guo Kai , Chen Jin Zhou , Wang Jing Wu
Published: October 2012

HE1/E-TMB and HE2/E-TMB blends are prepared by thermal mechanical blending of toughening master batch (E-TMB) with 2200JHDPE (HE1) and 5000SHDPE (HE2), respectively. The crystalline morphology of HE1/E-TMB and HE2/E-TMB blends were studied with polarized light microscope (PLM), and compared with those of HE1/E-SMB and HE2/E-SMB blends. The results showed that the crystallite size of HDPE/E-TMB and HE/E-SMB blends was remarkably smaller than that of the pure HDPE, while the number of the crystals increased. At the same elastomer content, the refined extend of the crystallite of HE2/E-TMB blends obviously increased than that of the HE1/E-TMB blends. The number of the crystal gradually increased and the crystallite size substantially reduced with the elastomers ratio (M/N) increasing. The refined extend of the crystallite of HDPE/E-TMB blends gradually enhanced and the number of the crystal substantially increased as the elastomer content gradually growing.
Influence of the Environmental Packaging on Low-Carbon Logistics
Authors: Li Zheng Jun
Published: October 2012

In the background of low-carbon economy, the logistics activities call for low- carbon and green. However, the way of low-carbon logistics is difficult in China, because it is subject to a number of reasons that China's logistics industry goes low-carbon development road, including the concept behind, hysteresis of guidance and management policy, the extensive mode of the industry development, the logistics facilities and equipment behind, no enough collaborative management in logistics and other industries together, and so on. The packaging is the basis of logistics activities; it can promote the realization of the low-carbon logistics to develop environmental packaging. There are two ways that environmental packaging plays a catalytic role of low-carbon logistics: First, the reduction of packaging materials and R&D and application of green packaging materials; second, the green and environmental protection in the design and application of packaging mode. Final, the unity of logistics and packaging is tried hard to achieve.
Study of Super Hydrophobic Films on Pre-Sensitized Plate Aluminium Substrate
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Zhu Lin , Lin Jing , Sun Zhi Hui
Published: October 2012

A simple chemical etching method was developed for corrosion of the pre-sensitized plate aluminium substrate in order to be a rough surface. After the chemical etched surface was treated with fluorination, the pre-sensitized (PS) plate aluminium (Al) substrate surface exhibits a super-hydrophobic property. The effects of the etching time and the etchant concentration on the super-hydrophobici were investigated, and the results show the contact angle of hydrofluoric firstly increases then reduce with acid etching time increasing, and the optimum etching time is 12 min; the contact angle of hydrofluoric firstly increases then reduce with acid etchant concentration increasing, and the optimum etchant concentration is 3 mol /L. When the contact angle increases, the droplet and solid surface tension increases. Film base fine structure of the rough surface is the key to the formation of hydrophobic.
Preparation of Biodegradable Phase-Change Refrigerant Used in Insulating Packaging
Authors: Zhang Yun , Qian Jing , Chen Feng
Published: October 2012

The starch grafted acrylic super absorbent resin was used as a basic material of refrigerant in insulating packaging. The influence of the amount of initiator on water absorption ability of starch grafted acrylic super absorbent resin was investigated. When the amount of initiator is 4 percent of the starch, the resin's water absorption that is 230g/g displays the best. By adding NaCl solution, the phase change temperature of refrigerant can be conditioned. The experimental results show that the phase change temperature and the latent heat of refrigerant decrease as the NaCl solution concentration increases. The starch grafted acrylic super absorbent resin and the NaCl solution with the concentration of 0~5 percent as refrigerant can be used to transport the products whose required temperatures is between -4 and 0°C. The starch grafted acrylic super absorbent resin can replace the ordinary high polymer materials, playing the role of being easily biodegradable and friendly to environment.
Structural Optimal Design of Honeycomb Paperboard Pallet
Authors: Li Zhi Qiang , Zhang Li Na
Published: October 2012

Honeycomb Paperboard Pallet has great value in transporting packaging domain. On the basis of pallet test and structure characteristics of Honeycomb Paperboard Pallet，this paper simplified the model of the pallet. Using the ANSYS software , the simulated the static and dynamic characteristics of pallet model is studied. Combining the results, several relevant optimal plans about pallet structure is worked out. The work and achievement in this paper may be used to improve the static compression function，the dynamic shearing function and the drop function of honeycomb paperboard pallet，and optimize the pallet structure.
Oxidation Kinetics of Hazelnut Shelf-Life Prediction Model
Authors: Dong Wen Li , Gong Xue , Dong Jing , Jin Ling , Wei Yu Xiang
Published: October 2012

The changing patterns of filbert peroxide value through the determination of different storage temperature conditions,research the dynamics characteristics of oxidative rancidity of filbert. By regression analysis base on the storage time and the logarithm of peroxide value,it concluded the grease oxidation reaction first-order kinetic equation of filbert.Using Arrhenius equation and Q10 model for 5 ~ 35 °C temperature within the shelf life of any temperature prediction model.
CAD/CAE System for Wooden Package Based on SolidWorks
Authors: Li Guang , Li Yang , Chen Qu
Published: October 2012

This paper analyses the system architecture of wooden package CAD/CAE system, and develops a wooden package CAD/CAE system using the secondary development tools SolidWorks API, combining with the Access database and Visual Basic language. This system can realize such functions like design, simulation analysis and process sheets generation of the wooden package. A case study shows the application process and specific functions of this system
Web-Based CAD System for Wooden Box
Authors: Wu Zi Yuan , Ji Zhong , Liu Ren , Zhang Guo Fang
Published: October 2012

Wooden box designing is usually carried out in SolidWorks or such general CAD systems. By secondary development on general CAD system using high level programming language such as Visual Basic, we can create a dedicated CAD system for wooden box. However these dedicated systems are mostly local computer based and not easy for sharing on Internet. In this paper, a web-based CAD system for wooden box has been established by combining PHP language and MySQL database with a localized dedicated CAD system for wooden box. With this system, we can design wooden boxes on the webpages without the installation of any CAD software in local computers, thus sharing the design system and results on Internet.
Study on Craftsmanship and Performance of Sand Mould for Rapid Proofing of Molded Pulp Products
Authors: Wu Shuang Ling , Huang Jun Yan , Qu Xiao Qing , Guo Zhen , Cui Li Hua
Published: October 2012

In order to shorten the development cycle of molded pulp products and reduce proofing costs of molded pulp products, the replacement of metal mould by tung oil sand mould in molded pulp products proofing process was studied. The technological experiment on tung oil sand mould to make proofing mould and performance testing experiment on tung oil sand mould was carried out. The ratio of raw materials of tung oil sand mould and its best craftsmanship combination were obtained, and the performance requirement of proofing mould made by tung oil sand mould was met.
Optimal Research on Loading of Whole Set Supply Materials
Authors: Huang Zhao Xie , Gao Qi , Ge Yang , Liu Dong
Published: October 2012

The Loading of whole set supply materials with multi- constraints is complicated and difficult, it has a broad application prospect in the field of packaging, transportation and storage. In order to improve the container’s space using rate of the whole set supply materials, an approach is put forward by means of intermediate packaging, spatial subdivision, spatial merge and mantissa rounding while container’s shape and size as the constraints, thus solving the container problem. In the end, the application validates that the strategies are effective and practical.
Selection of Fitting Models of the Moisture Content for Paper Honeycomb Sandwich Panel
Authors: Wang Dong Mei
Published: October 2012

The influence of temperature and relative humidity on the moisture content of paper honeycomb sandwich panels was studied. The moisture content of paper honeycomb sandwich panels was fitted by three mathematical models. The fitting results were evaluated by experimental data, and the best fitting model and its parameters were determined. The results indicate that in three models, the GAB (Guggenheim, Anderson and De Boer) model is the best suited to predict the moisture content of paper honeycomb sandwich panels in different temperature and humidity conditions.
Drop Simulation and Cushioning Package Analysis of 19-Inch LCD
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhao Xiao Dong , Ji Zhong
Published: October 2012

In this paper, drop simulation of 19-inch liquid crystal display (LCD) in three kinds of falling orientations was carried out by Ls-dyna software. By comparing and analyzing the dynamic characteristics, such as the maximum acceleration and stress distribution in the cases of face-down, back-down and bottom-down falling orientations, it was showed the maximum acceleration values were the lowest in the case of back-down falling orientation during the whole drop process, and maximum stress occurred several times in the screen and spread around from the center. The structure and form of LCD cushions were recommended for the reference to the design of cushioning package.
Research on the Mathematic Model of Discretional Four Prism Folding Carton Glued in Flat State
Authors: Mu Xin Ni , Sun Cheng , Wang Qin Lie , Ma Yong Sheng
Published: October 2012

Folding carton glued in flat state can save transportation space and storage space, and can also be produced with high speed by automatic pasting box machines. According to the characteristics of folding cartons glued in flat state and geometry relationship between the structures of carton, this paper simplified the verification process of necessary conditions of discretional four prism folding carton glued in flat state using methods of proof from assumption and case law. In addition, this paper showed two simple methods of drawing discretional four prism folding cartons glued in flat state.
The Virtual Design and Implement of Packaging Folding Carton
Authors: Chen Li Min , Cai Hui Ping
Published: October 2012

This paper proposed concepts of virtual design and implementation of packaging folding carton, discussed the construction forms and methods of virtual packaging design and analyzed the model and forming process of virtual packaging design. This paper then applied slash design method to the virtual design of packaging triangular as well as multi-faceted carton and applied the angle bisector design method to the virtual design of packaging trapezoidal carton. This paper also demonstrated the forming process of virtual packaging carton.
Color Difference Evaluation Based on Image Color Appearance Model
Authors: Liang Jing , Zhao Yong Bin , Gao Hui
Published: October 2012

The iCAM (image color appearance model) as the most advanced modern color appearance model is constantly being put into use. In color images industry, the evaluation of the color difference is significant. This article will focus on color difference formula of image color appearance model and analysis its reasonable color difference calculation method, which reflects the advantages of image color appearance model.
Effect of Viscosity Reducer and Varnish on Ink-Transferring Ratio
Authors: Gu Ling Ya , Liu Wen Ya , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu , Yang Xiao
Published: October 2012

In order to study influence of the variation of both viscosity and tack of the ink on the ink–transferring ratio. viscosity reducer and varnish to adjust ink viscosity and tack , the influence of the volume on tack volume and viscosity are obtained and also the influence of on the ink-transferring ratio by vatiation of the tack volume and viscosity . The results show that , the viscosity and tack of ink are both decrease with the amount of varnish and viscosity reducer increase. But varnish has a little effect on tack. Adding different proportion of varnish, ink-transferring ratio will reach best when the proportion of varnish is 2%. when addition more than 4%,the ink-transferring ratio will decrease instead. Adding different proportions of viscosity reducer, ink-transferring ratio will reach best when the proportion of viscosity reducer is 4%. When the amount of viscosity reducer more than 6%,the ink-transferring ratio will reduce instead.
Printing Scheduling Using Peter Rof-Hamm Algorithm
Authors: Jian Chuan Xia , Xi Xiao Ying
Published: October 2012

The minimum whole production time is a very effective tool to improve production efficiency in the printing company. Printing scheduling is a key to achieve this goal. In this paper, we use Peter Rof-Hamm algorithm to determine better printing scheduling quickly with the minimum whole production time. Performance of the proposed method is compared with rule-based heuristic algorithm. This proposed algorithm is very simple, and it can get near-optimum printing scheduling quickly, which makes it more useful in the printing scheduling.
A Security Printing Method by Black Ink Hiding Infrared Image
Authors: Wang Cai Yin , Li Chao , Huo Li Jiang
Published: October 2012

In the multi-color printing, the four inks used are cyan, magenta, yellow and black, which have different response in the near infrared spectral area, in which the black with CMK color inks have no response while the black with K color ink has a good response. But two kinds of black are both visible and equivalent under daylight. Based on this principle, this paper introduces a new method of security printing by K ink hiding infrared image. To hide infrared image in source image, the Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer equations is employed, the Yule-Nielsen parameter is found based on a least squares regression over a training set of spectral measurements, then the source image is color-separated with the mask which is the security image. The security image must be a grey-scale map. The security information is stored in the K channel of the color separation image which is printed. In daylight the visual effect of printed image is the same as that of source image, but the security image is detected by IR camera. Finally, a series of experiments are performed on HP Color LaserJet CP2035 printer. Experimental results show that the proposed method is promising and feasible for preventing from falsifying presswork.
Research to Factors of Screen Overprinting in Color Film Printing
Authors: He Wei Feng , Tan Zhe Hao , Chan Da Le , Lu Yin Zhang , Qiu Jian Chun
Published: October 2012

Color film printing is a special printing. Screen printing is an important part of Color film printing. Because the process of screen printing in color film printing is complex, its printing quality is affected by various factors. This paper proposes a set of normative test methods about standard operating, which is to find out these factors of Screen overprinting in Color film printing by actual test in production. And it is to improve product quality at the same time.
Content-Based Image Retrieval System Learn and Realization
Authors: Liang Tian
Published: October 2012

Though studying on the technology of image retrieval based on color content, the paper brings forward several image retrieval and optimization solutions aiming at the image color character, analyzes and compares the arithmetic of color histogram and cumulative histogram, and gives performance evaluation of the pros and cons to the image retrieval under the MTM and traditional HSV color space, The results have an instructional effect on image retrieval based on content.
The System Design of Vibration Transmission Test for Cushioning Packaging Materials
Authors: Xing Yue Qing , Ding Jin Sheng
Published: October 2012

In order to protect the products in the circulation process, cushioning packaging materials are used for the general packaging design, that is, to determine the process of circulation of products, product features and the vibration transmission characteristics of package materials and so on. This test system obtains the vibration transmission curves by the test of vibration transmission characteristics of packaging materials. This provides a reliable data basis for anti-vibration design so that the properties of cushioning materials can be played well and protects the products while reducing packaging cost, thus products can be competitive in a good position in the markets.
Investigation into Energy Absorption of Corrugated Paperboard with B-Flute
Authors: Gao De , Li Jun
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the characteristics of B-flute corrugated paperboard is obtained by quasi-static compression experiment on a universal testing machine. The constitutive relationship is identified. Then, according to the relation, we calculate the energy absorption curve of corrugated paperboard with B-flute. At last, a bearing example of the paperboard is given to introduce its application.
Safety Analysis and Decision Making Methodology in Ship Towing System Design
Authors: Huang Xiang Bing , Huang Xing Ling
Published: October 2012

In this paper, a quantitive safety analysis method was proposed to deal with decision making problems of ship towing system design. The method consisted of three steps: (i) mission phases and hazards identification; (ii) subjective assessment of mission phases and hazardous events; (iii) safety assessment and decision making. Subjective probabilities, which were derived with fuzzy fault tree analysis, were used for overcoming the difficulty of obtaining relevant historical data in salvage engineering, and entropy method was utilized to revise the hazardous events’ subjective weights. Three typical mission phases and their hazardous events were researched throughly in ship towing system, and then a safety analysis and decision making model was introduced subsequently. A case was studied to demonstrate the application of the model, and the results show that human factors (e.g. choices of tugs and towing rigs, towing watching, and towing operating) are vital for system safety, and should be paid more attention to in decision making of ship towing system design.
Effect of Background Lighting on Atmosphere Perception
Authors: Xu Jing Xian , Shen Li Ming
Published: October 2012

This paper analyzes the interactions between lighting and the human-product-environment system from an ergonomics perspective. Studies on the effect of the foreground and background lighting on the atmosphere perception was conducted in an experiment room, which specifically to improve the interaction between the lighting and customers. Data from the experiment shows that the background lighting characteristics do have different effects on the atmosphere perception on the customers. Firstly, different background light settings will have significant effect on the words “active-dull”, “private-public”, “formal- informal”, “warm-cold”; secondly, the beam angle of the foreground lighting will play effect upon the atmosphere of “warm- cold”; thirdly, the brightness of the background lighting will affect the perception of the words like “active-dull”, “private- public”, “formal- informal” and “relax-tense”; finally, different color temperatures of the background lighting will play significant effect on the sense of “warm- cold” and “expensive- inexpensive”.
Strain Rules of Cross Wedge Rolling Asymmetric Shaft-Parts Based on the Parity Wedge
Authors: Li Zhan , Shu Xue Dao , Peng Wen Fei , Sun Bao Shou
Published: October 2012

The analysising of strain is the key factors to understand the forming mechanism of cross wedge rolling asymmetric shaft. due to the extrusion of dies and other external force, its interior,interactions can cause the relative position between the various parts. In order to study the deformation of workpiece at different degrees, pulling in the finite element strain field analysis, the strain of the analysis at deformation process is also a necessary precondition for forming and stress distribution. In this papre,By using Deform3D platform, the forming process of the cross wedge rolling on parity wedge asymmetric shaft is simulated. It is also to be analyzed the distribution and variation of the amount of strain in the rolling process, it shows that a cross-sectional and longitudinal section about the deformation characteristics of the strain fields, the results can achieve production of cross wedge rolling and provide important theoretical foundation to promote further cross-wedge rolling.
Simulation of Shell-Side Performance of Novel Heat Exchanger
Authors: Cao Xing , Du Wen Jing , Cheng Lin
Published: October 2012

Numerical simulation of shell-and-tube heat exchangers with novel helical baffles was carried out by using commercial codes to study shell-side flow and heat transfer characteristics. The results show that compared with shell-and-tube heat exchangers with conventional helical baffles, the ones with novel helical baffles can efficiently reduce the leakage from triangle zone so that the distributions of both the velocity field and heat transfer on tubes are more uniform. The comparison of comprehensive performance which is evaluated by heat transfer coefficient per unit pressure drop between conventional helical baffles and novel ones indicates that the latter performs better.
Research on the Status and Prospect of the Hollow Shafts Forming Technology in High-Speed Train
Authors: Zheng Shu Hua , Peng Wen Fei , Shu Xue Dao
Published: October 2012

High-speed and heavy-load are the targets to pursue over a long period of time in high-speed transportation. The key to solve this problem is making the components lightweight. Particularly, the hollow shaft is a new type of lightweight construction. This article explains systematically the current situation and the defects of forming technique for the hollow shafts. The solid shafts formed by Multi-Wedge Cross Wedge Rolling (MCWR) and the hollow shafts by Cross Wedge Rolling(CWR) are researched, and the key problems of hollow shafts formed in MCWR to solve emphatically are pointed out. At the same time, we obtain that MCWR will be the main technology in forming long shafts. The results in this paper provide a new direction for the hollow shafts to form in a high efficiency, energy saving and material saving method.
Study of Plume Behavior during High-Power Disk Laser Welding
Authors: You De Yong , Gao Xiang Dong
Published: October 2012

Laser welding process has been widely used in industrial manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the inter-relation between laser welding results and the laser-induced plume behavior. High-power disk laser welding of stainless steel type304 was performed at different welding speeds. Combing the high speed camera and ultraviolet sensing filter, the plume image sequences of laser welding process have been obtained. Plume features including plume volume and plume flowing direction have been extracted by using high-speed photography and image processing technology. The dynamic behavior of laser-induced plume was investigated. The results showed that the laser-induced plume feature, especially the plume volume, was closely related to laser welding process conditions.
Study on Hot Compression of Ti75 Alloy Based on DEFORM-3D
Authors: Fan Jun , Wang Lei Gang
Published: October 2012

The filling capability is important for forging die design, which influences the quality and life of the die. To obtain the know-how of the deficiency for the filling capability, numerical simulation was performed to analyze the hot compression of Ti75 alloy with DEFORM-3D. In the simulation, the reducing height and work-piece dimensions remain the same. We obtained the results including the process of hot compression, the forming behavior of the work-piece and the effect of work-piece dimensions on the distribution of the stress and strain.
Study on Microstructure and Performance of Heat Affected Zone about Friction Forming Hole
Authors: Xu Xiao Cun , Fu Xiao Liang , Zhang Shu Wen , Qiu Feng , Liu Fang Hui
Published: October 2012

With equipment renewal of machining and people's demand on the green environmental protection sustainable development, green processing technology of mechanical processing process in mechanical field is becoming a development direction. The traditional method of processing hole removes a part of the general hole sheet metal, so that the depth of the hole is equal with the thickness of the board. In this paper, the new technological process to form deep hole on relative thin panel by friction heat not only saves material, but also saves man-hours, and the workpiece has a good piece of assembly. Because the processing technic is belong to local thermal processing, the microstructure and property (hardness) of heat affected zone are studied in this paper. The study results are useful to look for more appropriate machining parameters, and laid a foundation for further research on forming deep holes process on thin sheet metal by friction heat.
The Parameters Optimization for Mold Wear Reduction of the Cross Wedge Rolling
Authors: Zhang Ting , Huang Hai Bo , Shu Xue Dao
Published: October 2012

The mold for cross wedge rolling (CWR) is difficult in making, complicated in adjustment and high in costs. It is extremely meaningful to optimize the parameters for wear reduction to extend the mold life. This paper analyzes the influence of the processing parameters on the mold wear based on orthogonal experimental design method and the computer simulation method, which can optimize the parameters in an efficient and simple way. The results show that the rolling process using optimized technological parameters can greatly extend the mold life of the cross wedge rolling.
Influence of Edge Preparation on Cutting Tool Wear
Authors: Chai Guo Bing , Wang Wei , Yu Ai Bing
Published: October 2012

Edge preparation is not only the process of grinding proper geometry of cutting edge or removing micro-cracks on cutting edge region, but also a way of improving cutting tool life. In this study, cutting models with different cutting edge radius were set up with FEM software. Medium carbon steel cutting tests were carried out using cutting tools with different edge radius. Cutting tool wear was simulated and measured for comparison. The simulation results show that edge radius has influences on tool wear. Tool cutting behavior is concerned with edge radius. A proper edge radius will improve the tool life. The experimental results show that proper edge preparation could improve tool impact resistance capability and reduce tool wear. The cutting tool life can be prolonged with suitable edge preparation. Edge preparation can improve cutting performance of cutting tool.
Optimization of Screw Rolling Ball Process Parameters Based on Orthogonal Test
Authors: Ren Xiao Zhong , Liu Yong Qing , Jin Yu Rong
Published: October 2012

The selection and optimization of screw rolling ball process parameters were analyzed and discussed. The inner stress of ball is the major factor that affects the ball quality during screw rolling of ball. The inner stress is apt to be affected by other related process parameters. In practical, there is no specific measure to determine the parameters. In view of this situation, the influences of roller obliquity, rolling temperature, speed of roller and the outlet distance between guide boards and other parameters on the inner stress of ball were analyzed respectively through orthogonal test. The optimal combination of parameters was found through comparative study on several parameter combinations.
Research of Porous Ti/HA Bio-Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgical Method
Authors: Yang Li Jun , Zhang Ze Hui , Dang Xin An , Chen Qiao Fu , Zhou Lian
Published: October 2012

The porous Ti-HA bio-composite was fabricated by powder metallurgical method with use of hydroxyapatite powder, Ti-6Al-4V powder and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) powder. The experiment was aimed to explore the preparation process and to study the microstructure and mechanical property. As molding pressure increased, the compressive strength of material increased while the porosity decreased. As NH4HCO3 content increased, the compressive strength decreased, but the porosity increased. The results showed that NH4HCO3 content was 20wt%-30wt%, the porosity distribution was 30% to 50%, the compressive strength was higher than 20MPa and the pore size distribution was 100-500μm. This porous composite was suitable for bone repair material of human cancellous bone.
Texture Segmentation and Contour Extraction of Warp Knitting Jacquard Fabric Image
Authors: Zhang Yang , Tong You Cheng , Yao Jun Zhou
Published: October 2012

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of warp knitting CAD, a new approach to texture segmentation and contour extraction based on wavelet-transform, K-means clustering and Canny operator is proposed in this paper. The procedure is described as follows. Firstly the Daubechies wavelet and pyramid-structure is selected, then the approach decomposes the low frequency part of the fabric image. Secondly starting from the highest scaling level and considering all the four sub-bands, the image is automatic clustered and segmented by K-means clustering. During the process we should calculate the average mean and standard deviation of the three high-frequency coefficients at the current level and transform the higher scaling level label values to have the same mean and standard deviation. Lastly the texture’s contour of image is traced and extracted by Canny operator. The results show that this approach is a feasible way for jacquard fabric.
Study on the Application of Lean Construction Supply Chain Management in EPC Project
Authors: Chen Yan
Published: October 2012

Although EPC mode has been applied increasingly in the past decade in China, the outcome of its implementation has been proved to be unsatisfactory. Actually, in most of our EPC projects, their supply chains are filled with various kinds of waste and luxurious coordination cost mainly due to uncooperative behavior and adversarial relationship among construction supply chain (CSC) parties/actors. These problems have greatly affected the effectiveness of our EPC project management as well as the comprehensive performance of our CSC. The reason can be largely attributed to the lack of advanced project management thinking and appropriate EPC project management model. This essay is to introduce lean construction supply chain management model to EPC project, aiming at applying lean thinking as well as relevant lean technologies to solve the major problems of our EPC project management and improve the overall competence of our CSC. It also fully discusses some key issues closely relevant to the implementation of LCSCM in EPC project.
Research on the Integration of Object-Oriented Petri Nets and QUEST
Authors: Wei Bi Sheng , Ye Wen Hua , Liu Xia
Published: October 2012

As object-oriented simulation software adopts event-driven simulation method, it can not show the logical and temporal relations among the objects clearly, and the formal description of the system is not sufficient, that leads to low reliability and the establishment of a perfect simulation model may need several modifications and debugging. According to the problems that exist in the object-oriented simulation software, a modeling and simulation technology is presented based on Petri Net and QUEST in this paper, which combines Petri Net’s rigorous description with QUEST’s visual feature. Base on the practical application requirements in visual C++ environment，to realize the integration of the object oriented Petri model and the QUEST model.
Multi-Objective Optimization Design for Double Toggle Clamping Unit of Injection Molding Machine
Authors: Lei Chen Jian , Yu Jun He , Zhan Hong Fei , Chen Lei , Jiang Zhong Ren
Published: October 2012

Clamping unit is an important component of injection molding machine. The clamping force and the clamping speed of clamping unit not only effect on the quality of molding products, but also determine the cyclic number. The large force amplification and large stroke ratio can reduce energy consumption and improve the productive efficiency. In this article, force amplification ratio and stroke ratio were used as the optimization goals. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was used as the optimization method. The optimization result was better than the original design. So this article provides a reference for the same or similar product’s optimization.
Research on a Computerized Form and Position Error Measurement Instrument
Authors: Liu Ping , Miao Hui Yi
Published: October 2012

A model machine of multifunctional form and position measurement instrument controlled by a personal computer has been successfully developed. The instrument is designed in rotary table type with a high precision air bearing and the radial rotation error of the rotary table is 0.08 μm. A high precision vertical sliding carriage supported by an air bearing is used to the instrument, the straight motion error of the carriage is 0.3 μm/200 mm and the parallelism error of the motion of the carriage relative to the rotation axis of the rotary table is 0.4 μm/200 mm. The mathematical models have been established for assessing planar and spatial straightness, flatness, roundness, cylindricity, and coaxality errors. By radial deviation measurement, the instrument can accurately measure form and position errors of such workpieces as shafts, round plates and sleeves of medium or small dimensions with the tolerance grades mostly used in industry.
Thermal Characteristic Analysis on the Headstock of a High Precision CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Zhang Yao Man , Han Jia Liang , Gu Ren Jun
Published: October 2012

The performances of the precision machine tool will be influenced by its thermal characteristics seriously, and accurately predict the thermal characteristic of the key component of the machine tool is helpful to improve the design level. The headstock of a high precision CNC lathes has been regarded as the research objects, and the thermal properties and its influence on the performance of the machine tool are studied. Finite element analysis model of the headstock has been constructed, and the simulation calculations of the steady temperature field distribution and thermal equilibrium time of the headstock are calculated, and then the analysis to identify the thermal deformation trends of the spindle assembly and the heat distortion of the headstock are also been done. Some of the key factors that have significant influence on the thermal characteristic of the high precision machine tools are also studied. The analysis reveals that the performances of the machine tool will be influenced by the hot asymmetric, the study lays a foundation for the optimization design and thermal error compensation of the spindle assembly.
Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Key Parts of Centrifugal Atomizer in Waste to Energy
Authors: Lin Shun Hong , Ding Jian Ping , Chen Dai Chuan , Xu Ming
Published: October 2012

Uneven distribution of mass and temperature usually have important effects on the dynamic characteristics of rotary mechanism. Based on thermal-structural coupling theory, dynamic response analyses of the flexible rotor of centrifugal atomizer can be done by FEM. Considering eccentric quantity is caused by nozzle clogging and axial non-uniform distribution of temperature, the dynamic characteristics of the is studied; the response of mass unbalance and thermal bending or coupled the both is researched and compared. It is shown from the calculation that all of the three conditions have affected the dynamic characteristics of rotor system and the design can basically meet the stable operation requirement of the atomizer. The results can be applied to improve the design of the centrifugal atomizer. Developing more detail analysis to optimize the design in the future research.