bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some features of mean clouding over Bay of Bengal during July and August 1968 and 1969
Authors: NENE Y. R.
Published: February 2022

ESSA-8 APT pictures over the Bay of Bengal during forenoon hours of July and August of 1968 the Bay of Bengal between longitudes 80°E111nd 95°E north of the equator was divided into 2½0squaiesand total clouding over each square every day was estimated from the satellite pictures. Graphs showing mean clouding over each 2½0 latitudinal belt have been drawn separately for each month. It is seen that the mean clouding gradually decreases while going from equator to about 10°N and then rapidly increases to the north upto latitude 20°N. The least value is found to lie somewhere between latitudes 6° to 9°N for all the four months. The least value for August occurs over a slightly northern latitude than that for July. The mean clouding is found to be less in August than in July over latitudes lying to the north of the latitudinal belt of least clouding. This position is reversed equator wards. The mean are clouding has also been studied in relation to the depressions and the position of the monsoon trough.
Satellite pictures and low pressure areas or waves
Authors: GEORGE C. A. , SHARMA M. C.
Published: February 2022

A study of low pressure areas or waves, which moved across south Bay of Bengal and south Arabian Sea has been made for the year 1968. Cloud features associated with the systems as given once daily by ESSA-6 APT satellite, gave useful indications regarding intensifications, weakening and track of these low pressure systems. Utility of this correspondence for simulation of synoptic analysis over data-gap areas has been pointed out.
Aftershock characteristics in Himalayan mountain belt and neighbourhood
Authors: SRIVASTAVA H. N. , KAMBLE V. P.
Published: February 2022

The aftershock activity associated with five earthquakes in the Nepal-India border, Kashmir, Kashmir, Tibet border (Ladakh) and West Pakistan was studied in relation to the magnitude strain release time and spatial distribution.

The study showed that the rate of decay of aftershock activity may be relates to the differences in the mechanical structures of the crust. The value of constant b in Gutenberg and Rlohter's magnitude frequency relationship may not reflect the seismotectonics of different regions.
A comparative study of radiometrically observed and numerically computed infra-red fluxes
Authors: KELKAR R. R. , GODBOLE R. V.
Published: February 2022

Infra-red radiative fluxes and cooling rates obtained from radiometer soundings made over Poona during 1963-66 have been compared with the results of computations using numerical methods.

Good agreement has been noticed between the observed and computed values of the upward flux. The nature of variation with height and season of the ob36rved and computed downward flux is found to be similar. However, at any level, the absolute value of the observed downward flux is higher than the computed one by 75 to 150 ly/day. The differences between the observed and computed values of the cooling rate are small in the troposphere.
The unsaturated downdraught
Authors: DAS PHANINDRAMOHAN , RAO MADDUKURI CHINA SUEEA
Published: February 2022

The basic element in the phenomenon of the "humidity dip" observed and analyzed by the U.S. Thunderstorm Project is an unsaturated downdraught. As observed, the phenomenon is rather paradoxical since it is at the epoch of the heaviest thunderstorm rainfall that the surface relative humidity at a station decreases from near saturation to values as low as 60 or 70 per cent. Physically, since the surface rainfall is determined by the rate of downward transport of water, the factors contributory to an intense rainfall will be (i) a strong downdraught, (ii) high liquid-water content in the downflowing air, (iii) low evaporation in the downdraught, and (iv) high terminal velocity of drops, the last factors needing large drops. The first of these factors lends to a high rate of adiabatic compression of the downcoming air and allows less time for the. drops to evaporate into it. On the other hand, the large drops, only a small number of which. can lead to a high liquid-water content, are comparatively inefficient in providing water vapour to the downflowing air, the net result being that the downdraught reaching ground is unsaturated.

The physical picture envisaged above necessitates a radical departure from the pseudo-adiabatic form of the thermodynamic equation.. The difference between the resulting new equation and the classical pseudoadiabatic form is examined by assuming a steady state and computing the resulting distribution of temperature and humidity in the downdraught for different raindrop sizes. It is found that the larger the sizes of the drops into which the liquid water is dispersed and the stronger the down draughts, the less is the humidity and higher the temperature lapse in the downdraught, the limit being set by dry-adiabatic conditions.
Mathematical distribution of rainfall in arid and semi-arid zones of Rajasthan
Authors: KRISHNAN A. , KUSHWAHA R. S.
Published: February 2022

The mathematical distribution of accumulated rainfall for 2 pentads, 4 pentads….. 20 pentade commencing from the onset of monsoon has been studied in respect of a typical arid one station, viz., Jodhpur and semi-arid stations, namely, Jaipur in Rajasthan. In case of Jaipur, disribution beyond a month is normal while for Jodhpur, all accumulated pentads including the entire season is not normal at all. Probability charts using these theoretical distributions have been prepared and their utility discussed.
Certain aspects of monsoon depressions as revealed Problems of by satellite pictures
Authors: KESHAVAMURTY R. N.
Published: February 2022

The cloud distribution around typical monsoon depressions is studied with the aid of satellite cloud pictures. The depressions have asymmetric cloud distribution with the main overcast to the west and southwest of centre. The thermal structure of these depressions is studied with the help of thickness charts. They show that the well-marked depressions are associated with considerable thermal advection. The energetics of monsoon depressions has been discussed in relation to the observed thermal structure of the depressions.
A Case study of a heat wave during July 1966
Authors: RAMAMURTHY K.
Published: February 2022

A heat wave started affecting the southeastern and central parts of India due to a "break" in the southwest monsoon over the country during the first part of July 1966. The heat wave abated when the monsoon revided during the second week of July. Some stations recorded maximum temperatures which surpassed the previous highest maximum temperatures for July. This study deals with the synoptic situation, rainfall distribution and wind circulation over the country during the period of the heat wave. The thermal structure of the lower troposphere during the period of the heat wave has also been studied. It has been concluded that the heat wave was the result of a large defect in rainfall due to the prolonged “break” and the circulation pattern prevailing in the lower tropospheric levels over the central parts of the country during the heat wave period was more or less similar to that to May.
An experiment with barotropic quasi-geostrophic model for the Indian region
Authors: ASNANI G. C.
Published: February 2022

In spite of the well known limitations of quasi-geostrophic models in the tropics, an experiment with quasi-geostrophic barotropic model was made for the region of India and neighbourhood for each day of the 2-month period from 25 October to 24 December 1966. 24-hour forecast was compared with the actual chart realised next day. R.M.S. error of the forecast is presented. The error in forecast for the region 10°N to 20°N was of the order of 20 gpm.
On abnormal quiet-day variation in the low latitudes
Authors: ARORA B. R.
Published: February 2022

Abnormality in the phaae of Sq(H) has been studied from extensive data of Alibag. The occurrence frequency of abnormal quiet days (AQDs) shows a Semi-annual variation with maxima in winter and Summer solstices and minima in equinoxes; it has negative correlation with solar activity. North-south asymmetry and day-to-day changes in the Sq current system are suggested as probable causes of magnetic variation on abnormal quiet days.
Prognosis of 500-mb surface by divergent barotropic model
Authors: MUKERJEE T. K. , DATTA R. K.
Published: February 2022

Forecasts of 500 mb surface by simple barotropic model which excludes divergence and ground contour effects, have been found to suffer from retrograde motion of ultra long waves. In this paper the effects of divergence term on the forecasts have been studied. 'It is shown that inclusion of the divergence term leads to an improvement in the 24-hr barotropic forecast for 500.mb level. It also produces a vastly improved 48 hours prognosis. Effects of the ground contour term are also discussed.
Temperature inversions and stable layers near ground over India
Authors: SIVARAMAKRISHNAN M. V. , MOKASHI R. Y. , PARAMESWARAN N. V.
Published: February 2022

Change in air temperature with altitude in the lowest layers of the atmosphere is an important consideration in the incidence of air pollution. The paper gives basic information on ground inversions including isothermal layers and those with lapse rates lea" than 2°C/km near the ground utilising daily radiosonde data of 16 Indian stations.

The frequency of ground inversions over India south of latitude 18°N is very law as compared to the northern stations. The ground inversions form nearly a daily feature at almost all the northern stations during the months November to February. The frequency increases very considerably by including under ground inversions, layers which are isothermal or have a lapse rate less than 2"C/km. The most frequent thickness of ground inversion is in the range of 201-500 metres. Lapse rates of the order of I to 10°C/km are observed on 50 per cent of the occasions over the northern parts of the country. Over the Southern parts, however, this percentage is higher and is of the order of 85.
Preterred days for the occurrence of sudden commencement of magnetic disturbance at Alibag
Authors: SASTRI N. S. , JAYAKAR R. W.
Published: February 2022

Preference tendency in Sudden Commencement, SC, occurrence at Alibag during the 48-year period1921-1968, is examined with respect to calendar date and lunar phase. The results suggest that this tendency, if it exists, appears feeble.
An instrument for automatic calibration of baroswitches
Authors: BHARGAVA B. , JAUHARI N. P.
Published: February 2022

The equipment described in this paper consists of an environmental testing chamber and an automatic manometer coupled to several servo-controlled recorders for the mass calibration of baro switches used in audio-frequency modulated radiosondes. A differential transformer with a soft iron float as its core follows the level of mercury in the manometer tube as the pressure falls or rises in the chamber. The chart drive in the recorders is synchronised with the motion of the differential transformer through servo links. When the aneroid pen moves over the commutator and makes a contact on a conducting segment, the recorder pen is deflected and the resulting trace indicates the pressure on the pre-printed chart. The pressure values corresponding to each contact are thus automatically recorded.
Sea-surface temperature distribution over the Arabian Sea determined from satellite infrared radiation measurements
Authors: RAO P. KRISHNA
Published: February 2022

A composite histogram method is used objectively to derive sea-surface temperature distribution over the Arabian Sea and parts of the Indian Ocean. Nimbus III night-time high resolution infrared data for the first six days in November 1969 were selected to make a set of three-day composite charts. Satellite-derived sea-surface temperature distribution exhibited some thermal structure over. the Arabian Sea which was first noticed during the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Over most of the Arabian Sea region, the observed temperature change was about I degree Kelvin from one three-day period to the next.
Cyclone movement
Authors: GEORGE A. , SHARMA M. A.
Published: February 2022

Utility of (1) isallobaric gradient from the storm centre and (2) warm advection in the lower troposphere in the storm field in guiding the direction of movement of two cyclonic storms in October and November 1971, when they were out at sea over the Bay of Bengal, is illustrated in this paper.
Climatology of radar echoes around Nag pur during non-monsoon seasons
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , NAIR K. G. S. , BANERJEE A. K.
Published: February 2022

Results of a climatological study of radar echoes around Nagpur for the non-monsoon months (October to May) based on data from 1960 to 1969 have been presented in this paper. The average distribution pattern reveal preponderance in echo formations in the eastern sectors. Echoes developing in northwest quadrant are believed to drift towards east during night or early morning hours.
A time series analysis of the global atmospheric pressure
Authors: MISRA B. M.
Published: February 2022

12 GMT surface pressure data for 188 stations for the IGY period have been analysed as a time series, The first difference filter has been utilised in order to eliminate the low frequency trend in the series. Mean periodicities in the pressure tendency oscillations are computed. All the stations show values scattered between 4 and 5 days. The tendency series are the subjected to power spectrum analysis, which brings out the peas in the period range of 4-5 days, Cross-spectrum analysis Oil stations arranged in the order of increasing longitude shows that the oscillations result from a westward propagating pressure wave with zonal wavelength equal to the latitude circle.
A comparative study of observed and estimated values of evaporation in India
Authors: SARMA V. V.
Published: February 2022

The evaporation losses for water yield studies are being estimated by extrapolation from evaporation charts based on Rowher's empirical formulae. Since these charts were prepared using the old meteorological normals these have been revived using the latest 1960 normals of 216 stations. These values are compared with evaporation charts based on observed pan evaporimeter losses at 80 stations. Monthly and annual charts showing the anomalies between the observed and empirically estimated Rowher's values are presented and the significant features described with an explanation of the anomalies, A comparison of spot values of evaporation by both these methods has also been made and results discussed.
The axis of the tropical easterly jet stream over India and Ceylon
Authors: MOKASHI R. Y.
Published: February 2022

Rawin observations of a number of stations for the months June to September for the five-year (1961-65) have been analysed to study the vertical structure of the tropical easterly jet stream over the Peninsular India and over the regions to the south of it upto the equator. Study of the daily rawin trajectories of Madras and Trivandrum at intervals of 0. 5 kill upto 17 km shows that the axis ( core) of the easterly jet stream (altitude about 14.5 km) is nearer to Trivandrum in June and August and nearer Colombo in September. In July there is a broad band of high winds. It is found that in this region Trivandrum mean maximum wind is highest in all the months June to September, the maximum occurring generally at about 0.5 km higher at Madras than over Trivandrum and Colombo. Observations at Goa (Lat. 15° 29'N) have shown simultaneous existence of another speed maximum in the neighbourhood of Goa at about 16 km.
Case studies of westerly waves in the development of monsoon depressions
Authors: PRASAD KANTI , RAO D. KRISHNA
Published: February 2022

Development of monsoon depressions forming on 3 and 12 August 1972 in the north Bay of Bengal was found to be linked with changes in mid latitude upper tropospheric flow patterns over China and adjoining areas. Development took place in association with upper tropospheric cut off lows which formed over China, retrograded and induced perturbations in the easterlies over the head Bay of Bengal.
A scheme of initialization at every latitude
Authors: FINIZIO C.
Published: February 2022

A new scheme of initialization is suggested which can be utilized for regions which extend from middle to low latitudes. In this scheme the two fields of wind and geopotential are analysed independently and teen forced to be balanced by means of a balance equation, in which each of the two fields enters with a weight, that is a continuous function of the latitude, chosen in dependence of the reliability and significance of the two observed fields.

The results referring to a SW monsoon situation are finally examined.
A statistical method of forecasting the movement of cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: BANSAL R. K. , DATTA R. K.
Published: February 2022

Arakawa (1963) established a set a of regression equations to forecast the movement and the central pressure of typhoons in the western North Pacific. In the present paper, using a similar scheme, we have fitted two sets of regression equations, one each for the pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons (1963 to 1970). These equations have been tested during the storm season of 1971 and the results, which are encouraging, are presented in this paper.
Waves in coastal waters off Mangalore Pt. I: Distribution of wave characteristics
Authors: SUNDARARAMAN K. V. , VARKEY M. J. , VIJAYARAJAN P. K. , JOHN V. C. , TOSEPH M. X..
Published: February 2022

Wave records obtained from the pressure recorder for measuring sea waves, installed off Mangalore have been analysed and wave parameters like period, height etc. have been obtained for the period June 1968 to May 1969. Frequency distribution of wave heights and periods during various months have been drawn. Energy spectra obtained from the data are presented. From the study of the distributions of wave parameters it has been found that period follows normal distribution and the height follows Rayleigh distribution. The energy spectra .are composite In nature giving the average condition for a month when the record for the whole month 18 considered as a single record.
Radar climatology of Madras airport and its neighbourhood
Authors: LAKSHMANASWAMY B. , RAO V. SUNDARESA
Published: February 2022

The areal distribution of radar precipitation echoes at Madras is presented seasonwise. A comparative study of echo distribution as related to normal rainfall pattern is given. The diurnal variation of the echoes and their development during different periods of a day over land and sea areas and also the monthly distribution of heights of echo tops are discussed. It is seen that the areal echo distribution and the normal rainfall pattern agree each other to a great extent and that there is a complete reversal of diurnal variation of echoes only over sea but not on land area from northeast monsoon to southwest monsoon and that the total echo frequency over land area is more than that over sea area in southwest monsoon season and vice-versa in northeast monsoon season.
The study of the electrical conductivity of air in the lower stratosphere at Poona
Authors: HUDDAR B. B. , JOSEPH C. P.
Published: February 2022

A series of measurements of the electrical conductivity of air in the atmosphere up to a height of 20-25 km was made at Poona during 1971- 72 using balloon borne conductivity sondes developed and constructed in the Instrument Research Laboratories of the Meteorological Office at Poona.

During July and September conductivity increases monotonically with height in agreement with theory, while during winter months it shows a sharp fall after about 18 km. The main cause for the differences in conductivity would appear to be the changes in aerosol content in the lower stratosphere due to changes in the circulation patterns.
Solar energy utilization potential in Jodhpur and New Delhi
Authors: GARG H. P. , KRISHNAN A.
Published: February 2022

Average useful solar energies available for utilisation in respect of flat-plate collector kept at optimum tilts in respect of Jodhpur and Delhi were worked out for typical winter and summer months. Based on these average energies generalised design curves for water heating by flat-plate collectors giving the ratio of useful energy collected by the flat- plate collector to the heat removal efficiency factor in terms of inlet temperature rise over ambient temperature have been prepared. Such design curves based on 90 per cent, 50 per cent and 10 per cent exceedance values of useful energies have also been presented in addition to those using average values. With these design curves the flat-plate collector areas required for various heating loads has been estimated for these stations.
Evaporation measurements with a self-recording evaporigraph
Authors: SHAHA S. K. , BATAR P. S. , KELKAR R. R.
Published: February 2022

Data collected over five years (1967-71) with a self-recording evaporigraph at the Central Agricultural Meteorological Observatory in Poona, are analysed and discussed.

The afternoon 3-hour period 1330-1630 IST is found to contribute as much as 24 to 30 percent of the total daily evaporation recorded in any month; whereas the 15-hr period 1930-1030 IST can account for only 26 to 41 percent of the total daily evaporation.

A statistical analysis of evaporigraph data in comparison with Class A Pan evaporimeter measurements is also presented.
Possible linkage between solar and geomagnetic activity and upper atmospheric phenomena
Authors: RAO K. S. RAJA , DUBEY R. A. , PATIL S. R.
Published: February 2022

Solar flare effect on the upper atmosphere has been studied by examination of the geopotential height changes of 500, 300, 200 and 100 mb levels over Delhi and Trivandrum, following 9 solar flares of importance >= 2 in the winters of 1971 and 1972. There is a change in the geopotential height in low latitudes following a solar flare. Temperature height profiles derived from the meteorological rocket observations over Thumba reveals that a major flare of 2 August 1972 caused a temperature change of nearly 18°C in the height range of 66 to 78 km. Geopotential height changes in the different constant pressure levels over Delhi and Trivandrum following enhanced geomagnetic activity , suggest that this effect is manifest even in low latitudes. Cross spectrum analysis of the 10.7 cm solar flux and 100 and 50 mb temperatures over Delhi and Trivandrum do not indicate any relationship between the cyclicities in the solar flux and atmospheric parameters.
Electrical conductivity of air in thunderstorm environment at a mountain station
Authors: KHERA M. K. , RAINA B. N.
Published: February 2022

Measurements of electrical conductivity of air have been made under the conditions of negative potential gradient resulting from thunder clouds at Gulmarg (2700 m). Seven thundery situations have been discussed. Abormal conductivities have been recorded especially after the field changes sign from a large negative to either a positive or a small negative value. Positive polar conductivity showed increase whenever wind appeared to come from the direction of the thunder cloud. On a number of occasions the general level of conductivity was found to be higher in the morning which was followed by a thunderstorm occurring in the evening arid atleast on one occasion large negative ions were recorded about 12 hours before the occurrence of the thunderstorm. Positive polar conductivity invariably dropped to zero value under negative potential gradient much greater than 100 V m-l. The results seem to be in general agreement with the theoretical observations of Amiram (1972) and are relevant to the observations made by Chalmers (1967) on abnormal conductivity.
Space-correlation fields of pan evaporimeter network
Authors: RAO T. RAMANA
Published: February 2022

Field of inter-station correlations of pan evaporimeter network of the country has been analysed seasonwise. The scale of evaporation phenomenon during various seasons have been pointed out in the light of this analysts. Regions where further strengthening of the network density is required are indicated. Correlation-distance relationships are found to be poor in all seasons south of 15°N latitude and over a lesser extent throughout the country, during periods other than winter.
Study of Sutcliffe's Theory of Development in relation to Rainfall in Indian area
Authors: VENKATARAMAN K.S.
Published: February 2022

Computation of Sutcliffe's development term over the Indian area in three synoptic situations during the SW monsoon season shows that, in spite of the various limitations in applying the theory to subtropical regions, the areas  of   heavy  rain  coincide with  the areas of maximum development.
Thunderstorm and fixation of Nitrogen in rain
Authors: MUKHERJEE ASOKE KUMAR
Published: February 2022

Recent determinations  of the nitrates and ammonia in rain water in Sweden has led to the conclusion  that thunder, i.e., electrical spark discharges in the atmosphere, is not the determining factor in  the production  of  Nitrogen compounds formed in rain water. In the light of the above conclusion, available  data of  combined  Nitrogen in rain water in India have  been examined. It supports  the conclusions reached by Swedish workers.
Distribution of thunderstorms over the world
Authors: RAMAKRISHNAN K.P. , RAO D.S.V.
Published: February 2022

Maps showing distribution of thunderstorms are of particular interest to workers , use for meteorologists and climatologists .
Correlation of pressure changes at the surface with those in the upper atmosphere over India and neighbourhood
Authors: RAO D.VENKATESWARA
Published: February 2022

The nature of the relationship between the pressure changes in the atmosphere at the 300 and 200-mb levels and the concurrent and subsequent pressure changes at the surface have been examined in this paper, analysing the data for 15 radiosoride stations in India and neighbourhood, during the period July 1944 to June 1945. The correlation between the changes aloft and the surface changes 24 and 48 hours later have been found to be generally negative. Tetrachoric correlation coefficients have been worked out to assess the magnitude of such out of phase correlation and these have been compared with the corresponding values in the U.S.A. The correlation data have been dispersed with respect to the different seasons of the year and the major regions comprising the Indian area. It has been found that the negative correlation is maximum during the period November to March and minimum when convective activity is predominant. It is felt that a study of the pressure fluctuations at the coastal radiosonde stations in the field of depressions and storms in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea might materially help in anticipating the courses these may subsequently take.
Upper and mid-tropospheric temperature changes associated with upper level troughs over north India
Authors: GANESAN V.
Published: February 2022

Time-sections of upper air temperatures over Delhi and Calcutta based on two radiosonde ascents daily during the period 14 to 27 April 1952 are studied in relation to the synoptic situation and compared with similar time-section available for Ahmedabad. A detailed study of an upper level trough which passed across north India between 19 and 23 February 1954 have also been attempted. It is noticed that large fluctuations of temperature in the upper and mid- troposphere are associated with the migration of upper level troughs, the temperatures generally rising to the rear of the trough limit. A possible explanation for this feature is suggested.
Распознавание языка жестов с помощью методов глубокого обучения
Authors: Malikaidar S. , Toikenova U. , Sarsembayev A.
Published: February 2022

Sign language gesture recognition employs various problems, such as variabilities in handshapes, movements, signers’ facial expressions and etc. Hence, teaching a machine to recognize the patterns that consider all of the problems mentioned above is a big challenge. The main goal of this work is to develop a set of methods and techniques involving deep learning in order to build a system capable of highly efficient sign language gesture recognition. In this article, we make brief research among the related works and propose our idea on our future work.

Основная цель этой работы -разработать набор методов и техник, включающих глубокое обучение, для создания системы, способоной к высокоэффективному распознаванию жестов на языке жестов. В статье краткое исследование среди связанных работ и предложение нашей идеей для оптимизации.
Generation Z and artificial intelligence in the XXI century
Authors: Тайгулы А.Т. , Шаймерденова М.Д.
Published: February 2022

В предлагаемой статье автор поднимает тематику искусственного интеллекта как одну из основных внедрений в современное время. В статье приводятся факты стремительного развития искусственного интеллекта –как важного фактора выполнения сложных конструктивных задач, предлагаемые нынешней интеллектуальной цивилизации. Автор статьи пытается раскрыть роль искусственного интеллекта в обществе, его преимущества и возможные последст-вия, а также каково знание и понимание современными студентами, так называемого поколения Z, такого явления как искусственный интеллект, понимание ими современных механизмов искусствен-ного интеллекта и отношение поколения Z к искусственному интеллекту.

In the proposed article, the author raises the topic of artificial intelligence as one of the main implementations in modern time. The article presents the facts of the rapid development of artificial intelligence -as an important factor in the implementation of complex constructive tasks proposed by the current intellectual civilization. The author of the article tries to uncover the role of artificial intelligence in society, its advantages and possible consequences, as wellas what modern students know and understand, the so-called generation Z, of such a phenomenon as artificial intelligence, their understanding of modern mechanisms of artificial intelligence and the attitude of generation Z to artificial intelligence.
Разработка метода анализа оффлайн и онлайн данных по финансовым параметрам
Authors: Kamet A.N. , Moldagulova A.N.
Published: February 2022

In this article multiple Machine Learning algorithms have been analyzed in terms of currency rate forecasting, in order to identify the most accurate one. The scope of the study was limited to forecast USDKZT using market variables as a dataset. Comparative study shown that Extreme Random Forecast outperforms other suggested Machine Learningalgorithms.

Осымақалада бірнеше машиналық оқыту алгоритмдері олардың неғұрлым дәлін анықтау үшін валюта бағамын болжау тұрғысынан талданды. Зерттеу аясы нарықтық айнымалыларды мәліметтер жиынтығы ретінде пайдалану арқылы USDKZT болжамымен шектелді. Салыстырмалы зерттеу көрсеткендей, Extreme Random Forecast машинаны оқытудың басқа алгоритмдерінен жоғары.
Factors Associated With Surgical Site Infections After Fasciotomy in Patients With Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Merchan Nelson , Ingalls Bailey , Garcia Jayden , Wixted John , Rozental Tamara D. , Harper Carl M. , Dowlatshahi Arriyan S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Fasciotomy is the standard of care to treat acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Although fasciotomies often prevent serious complications, postoperative complications can be notable. Surgical site infection (SSI) in these patients is as high as 30%. The objective of this study was to determine factors that increase the risk of SSI in patients with ACS.

Methods:

A retrospective review of 142 patients with compartment syndrome over 10 years was done. We collected basic demographics, mechanism of trauma, time to fasciotomy, incidence of SSI, use of prophylactic antibiotics, and type and time to wound closure. Statistical analysis of continuous variables was done using the Student t-test, ANOVA, multivariable regression model, and categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test.

Results:

Twenty-five patients with ACS (17.6%) developed infection that required additional treatment. In the multivariate regression model, there were significant differences in median time to closure in patients with infection versus those without, odds ratio: 1.06 (Confidence Interval 95% [1.00 to 1.11]), P = 0.036. No differences were observed in infection based on the mechanism of injury, wound management modality, or the presence of associated diagnoses.

Conclusion:

In patients with ACS, the time to closure after fasciotomy is associated with the incidence of SSI. There seems to be a golden period for closure at 4 to 5 days after fasciotomy. The ability to close is often limited by multiple factors, but the correlation between time to closure and infection in this study suggests that it is worth exploring different closure methods if the wound cannot be closed primarily within the given timeframe.
Implementasi Permainan Konstruktif dengan Model Atik untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Islam Assyifa Johar Baru
Authors: Rodiah Siti , Watini Sri
Published: February 2022

Penelitian dilakukan dalam rangka Implementasi Permainan Konstruktif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif melalui "Model ATIK” (Amati, Tiru, Kerjakan). Tujuan dari jenis penelitian ini adalah mengimplementasikan permainan konstruktif dengan model ATIK untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif pada anak TK Islam Assyifa Johar Baru Jakarta Pusat Tahun Ajaran 2021 - 2022 semester genap. Objek Penelitian adalah anak yang melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran dalam Sentra Balok melalui Permainan Konstruktif menggunakan Model ATIK. Tehnik dalam penelitian adalah observasi, panduan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan permainan konstruktiv menggunakan balok dengan MODEL ATIK dari siklus I ke siklus II ada diperoleh peningkatan dengan baik. Inilah yang menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan kognitif anak kelompok B meningkat setelah dilakukannya kegiatan menggambar dan menyusun balok melalui media yang diberikan guru dengan menggunakan MODEL ATIK di TK. Islam Assyifa T.A 2021-2022. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian untuk Guru dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak, guru dapat menggunakan kegiatan permainan konstruktif dengan media balok menggunakan MODEL ATIK sedangkan untuk Sekolah dapat mengembangkan salah satu programnya yaitu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak dengan menggunakan MODEL ATIK.
Effect of weather factors on the population of Chaetocnema spp.,Monolepta signata Oliver and Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas) on paddy under rainfed lowland conditions in Mizoram, India
Authors: T. BOOPATHI  , S.B. SINGH  , T. MANJU  , S.K. DUTTA  , S. SAHA  , A.R. SINGH  , Y. RAMAKRISHNA  , SAMIK CHOWDHURY  , LUNGMUANA  , V. DAYAL  , S.V. NGACHAN
Published: February 2022

The present study was undertaken during kharif 2013 and 2014 to know the relationship between weather parameters and chrysomelids (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)viz., Chaetocnema spp., Monolepta signata Oliverand Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas)in rice agro-ecosystem in Mizoram, India.Chaetocnema spp., and M. signata were found to first invade the crop during last week of August, whereas A. foveicollis was recorded during third week of September. The highest populations of Chaetocnema spp. and M. signata were during September. However, the highest population of A. foveicollis was during October. Morning relative humidity (RH) had significant correlation with populations of Chaetocnema spp., M. signata and A. foveicollis. When there was abrupt fall in minimum temperature and coupled with increase in morning RH, rainfall and rainy days a build-up in Chaetocnema spp. population was recorded during the pooled year. These studies clearly indicate that weather factors play an important role in Chaetocnema spp., M. signata and A. foveicollis incidence.
Impact of projected climate on wheat yield in India and its adaptation strategies
Authors: V.P. PRAMOD  , B. BAPUJI RAO  , S.S.V.S. RAMAKRISHNA  , M. MUNESHWAR SINGH  , N.R. PATEL  , V.M. SANDEEP  , V.U.M. RAO  , P. S. CHOWDARY  , V. NARSIMHA RAO  , P. VIJAYA KUMAR
Published: February 2022

Wheat is highly sensitive to climate change especially temperature changes experienced in the later phase of crop season. Hence, it is of immense importance to know how and to what extent climate change will affect wheat yields and to assess the adaptive strategies for mitigating possible negative consequences on wheat production. Wheat yield responses to three future climatic periods (2025, 2050 and 2075) were studied by driving DSSAT-Wheat (v4.5) model with daily weather from three CMIP-5 climate models’ (GFDL-ESM2M, MIROC5, and NorESM1-M) as the basic input at four sites (Ludhiana, Raipur, Akola and New Delhi) representing three major wheat growing zones of the country. Projected changes in growing season (November-March) day and night temperatures at four sites differed substantially both in direction and magnitude. Day temperatures are projected to rise conspicuously at Ludhiana, representing northwest parts of the country, and moderately over central parts of India (Akola and Raipur). Positive rainfall anomalies at Ludhiana (+76%) and negative anomalies at Raipur (-15%) are projected in future climates. With these anticipated changes, wheat is likely to experience warmer days (+1.1 °C) at Ludhiana and nights at Raipur (+2.8 °C) and more seasonal moisture availability at Ludhiana in future climates. Negative impacts of climatic change in these sites are found to be minimized by adapting one or a combination of management practices, which are site specific.
Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of dengue fever
Authors: Manzoor Nimra , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf , Sughra Syeda Khadija tul , Siddiqi Muhmmad Irshad , Arooj Sukaina , Ishfaq Ayesha , Gilani Syed Amir , Abidin Syed Zain ul
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to review the literature and outlining the role of abdominal and chest ultrasonography in the diagnosis and as a predictor of severity of dengue fever. Methods: Standard medical electronic databases were searched and relevant articles were used to present the conclusive outcomes. Results: Eighteen studies on 2601 patients undergoing chest and abdominal ultrasonography fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of plasma leakage triad such as pleural effusion, ascites and gallbladder wall thickening was 44.98 %, 39.44 % and 61.89 % respectively. Other ultrasonic findings included Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and pericardial effusion. Conclusion: In patients with suspected dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever, the abdominal and chest ultrasonography, although nonspecific, may be a relevant ancillary tool for the early diagnosis of microvasculature hyper-permeability in addition to a tool used for the prediction of disease severity identifying mild and severe cases of DF. Furthermore, ultrasonography may also be used for the differential diagnosis of other febrile conditions affecting both pediatric and adult population.
Comparison of the Effect of Intrathecal Hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine Alone and With Addition of Dexemedetomidine on First Analgesic Request in Post-Operative Care Unit Following Elective Cesarean Section
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Sibtain Asiya , Islam Mujahid ul , Ahmed Imtiaz , Khan Bahauddin , Shakil Raffat , Ali Faizan Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Spinal anesthesia has been considered preferred method of anesthesia for patients undergoing elective cesarean sections. Dexmedetomidine (DXM) is relatively a newer drug in Pakistan as compared to conventional used drug i.e. Bupivacaine (BPV) and that’s why the local data regarding its efficacy in cesarean section is lacking. Objective: To compare the mean duration of spinal anasthesia between hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% alone versus hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% with dexmedetomidine on first analgesic request for women undergoing elective cesarean section under subarachnoid block Methods: Spinal anesthesia was performed in the sitting position under sterile conditions with 25G pencil point needle. After successful intra thecal injection, patient was placed in the supine position with left tilt. The cases in Group A received hyperbaric 0.5% BPV (2.25ml) with 5ug DXM (0.25ml) and those in Group B received only 0.5% BPV (2.25ml) with 0.25ml normal saline under full aseptic measures. These patients underwent cesarean section and were assessed in post-operative time after every 30 minutes to first request of analgesia which were given if there was pain of 4 or more on visual analogue scale. Results: In Group A, mean and SDs for duration of analgesia was 359.73+8.021 minutes. In Group B, mean and SDs for duration of analgesia was 182.30+7.720 minutes Conclusions: In this study, hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% with DXM in spinal anesthesia for patients undergoing caesarean section significantly prolonged the duration of analgesia
Pola Resistensi Antibiotik Pada Pasien Dewasa yang Menderita Pneumonia di RS Usu Periode Januari 2017 – Desember 2018
Authors: Fathin Aditasari , Kusumawati Lia
Published: February 2022

Pneumonia is defined as an acute lower respiratory tract infection in the lung parenchyma caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This study was conducted to see the pattern of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in patients with pneumonia. This research is descriptive with a cross-sectional study approach. The study sample was adult patients diagnosed with pneumonia through culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests from blood or sputum samples. The sampling method used is total sampling. The data used is secondary data obtained through medical records. From 50 samples found 8 types of gram-positive bacteria with the highest percentage being Streptococcus alpha hemolytic (9.7%) and 12 gram-negative bacteria with the highest percentage being Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%). Antibiotics that are still sensitive to gram-positive bacteria with a percentage > 80% are chloramphenicol, erythromycin, imipenem, clarithromycin, metronidazole, netilmicin, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, fosmicin, vancomycin, while antibiotics that are sensitive to Bacteria-negative antibiotics are azithromycin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, netilmicin, tigecycline, ertapenem and amikacin. The most common bacteria causing pneumonia at USU Hospital were gram-negative bacteria with the highest percentage being Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus alpha hemolytic
História do espaço, espaço da história:
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Mara Vaz de , Amaral Camilo Vladimir de Lima
Published: February 2022

A integração do conteúdo das aulas de história da arquitetura com a prática de projeto tem sido um grande desafio aos cursos de arquitetura e, em geral, tem sido um desafio sequer formulado. Na prática cotidiana dos cursos, as disciplinas de história e projeto mantêm-se confortavelmente confinadas e disciplinadas em seus recintos, desconectadas entre si, apartando a reflexão histórica do processo projetual. Algumas perguntas se colocam como objetivos a serem perseguidos por este artigo: porque um arquiteto deve estudar história? Como pode ele utilizar esse conhecimento teórico na sua atuação prática? Qual atitude deve-se esperar de um projetista frente à história? Este texto explora uma proposta de integração entre os campos disciplinares da história e do projeto de arquitetura, utilizando como metodologia uma reflexão epistemológica sobre o sentido da história, sua historicidade e sua aplicação no projeto. Esse percurso abre-se para a avaliação sistemática de exercícios projetuais executados por alunos, em disciplina de projeto de arquitetura, cuja interlocução com a história foi perseguida. A experiência revela que associar ensino e pesquisa pode construir novas perspectivas sobre temas clássicos da arquitetura, e aponta caminhos para estudos posteriores. Buscar a integração de conhecimentos de áreas tradicionalmente organizadas de forma dissociada, também, demonstra possibilidades de inovação para o campo do conhecimento e para a produção arquitetônica. Uma reflexão rara no círculo arquitetônico que repete, sistematicamente e irrefletidamente, modelos de pensamento construídos para contextos históricos absolutamente diferentes do nosso.
POR UMA LEITURA HISTORIOGRÁFICA DA DISPERSÃO URBANA
Authors: Pescatori Carolina , De Faria Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

Parte das teorias contemporâneas sobre a forma da cidade foca-se em um debate dual: de um lado, estudos demonstram a intensidade do crescimento e a expansão da urbanização, formando uma leitura de cidade dispersa, considerada, por alguns autores, como a morte da cidade; de outro, investigações objetivam frear essa dispersão e prover respostas urbanísticas baseadas no resgate da cidade "tradicional", formando uma leitura de cidade compacta. O embate entre essas leituras é central para a discussão acerca da urbanização contemporânea, que ainda carece de leituras que considerem a dispersão urbana dentro de uma perspectiva historiográfica.
ARRANHOS DOMÉSTICOS BRASILEIROS TESTEMUNHADOS POR PERIÓDICOS DA DÉCADA DE 1920
Authors: Costa Badan Rosane
Published: February 2022

O artigo traz contibuições originais a um projeto de pesquisa que trata da história dos ambientes interiores de Goiânia, cujos resultados apontam em direção à influência exercida pelo eixo Rio-São Paulo na orientação das escolhas materiais e do modo de viver das pessoas em relação à casa e à arrumação dos arranjos domésticos. A objetivo da pesquisa é preencher a lacuna da escassez de dados sistematizados sobre a história dos interiores brasileiros e colaborar na compreensão do lar brasileiro – e, por consequência, dos ambientes domésticos de Goiânia. As informações trazidas pelas revistas especializadas espelham de forma quase precisa os fatos, as preferências, os modos de vida do Brasil da década de 1920, todavia, se os dados não estiverem sistematicamente organizados, a fragmentação dos eventos não permite uma visão holística desse enredo. No Brasil, a tendência moderna foi um direcionamento bem recebido e a arte decorativa se tornou necessária nas opções domésticas da casa. No mobiliário moderno, em particular, sem desprezar o efeito decorativo, determinava-se que tudo devia se revestir de utilidade e conforto. Considerando os recursos de comodidade e higiene, era fundamental levar em conta o destino que cada peça teria na composição do lar, fazendo-se necessário dominar a arte da mobiliação. Nos anos 1920, acreditava-se erroneamente que o conceito modern style resultava da importação em bloco de elementos decorativos estrangeiros. Na verdade, o modern style, adaptado e modificado pela produção nacional, deu provas do bom gosto e, por consequência, teve a aceitação do público. Os hábitos modernos, além de remodelar, reinventaram ambientes, mas as novidades advindas da Europa reforçavam a predisposição de confiar mais naquilo que era estrangeiro. Costumava-se pensar que tudo que se fazia no exterior era melhor e mais bem feito do aquilo que se produzia no Brasil. Na arrumação da casa, os estilos do passado não eram repudiados pelo modernismo, desde que a Arte fosse considerada, adequando-os às exigências racionais e práticas da vida presente naqueles dias, ou seja, sem decorações supérfluas. Dizendo em outras palavras, o móvel moderno ou de inspiração antiga, além do seu lado racional, deveria ter os elementos estilísticos individuais que formavam a sua fisionomia, ao mesmo tempo que complementassem a casa. Por isso, a propensão ao ecletismo.