bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Love And War
Authors: Leigh Veronica ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: June 2021

How much do you need to know about someone in order to help them? Is knowing that they need help enough? In this work of philosophical short fiction, Irene lives in Krakow, Poland in 1943 under Nazi occupation. Like everyone, she struggles to make enough money to survive. There is a frantic midnight knock at the door. Terrified, she opens the door to find a stranger that, she assumes, is part of the resistance. She lets him in and finds he is injured, and bleeding. She sews him up the best she can. She offers him sanctuary, knowing that if she is caught doing so, it is certain death. He explains he is not part of the resistance, but a Jew. She agrees to let him stay just one night. They fall asleep. When Irene wakes up, the man is gone, but has left her a heart-shaped locket in thanks. She runs out of her house, down the street, the finds him not far away. Irene coaxes the man back into her house to rest. After he is in the house, Irene weighs her options. The man is likely to die from infection of his wounds anyway. If she is found hiding him, she will be put to death. However, if she turns him into the Germans there will be a reward of much needed money. Irene puts the man to rest in the bed, leaves the house, and heads to the Gestapo Headquarters. God, she reasons, will understand.
Dispersal and early evolution of the first modern cricetid rodents in Western Europe: new data from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Catalonia)
Authors: JOVELLS-VAQUÉ Sílvia , CASANOVAS-VILAR Isaac
Published: June 2021

Modern cricetids originated in Asia and dispersed into Western Europe by the end of the early Miocene, where they quickly became major components of the rodent faunas. Here we review the early Miocene rodent record of the genera Democricetodon Fahlbusch, 1964 and Megacricetodon Fahlbusch, 1964 in the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Catalonia, Spain). Democricetodon is represented by four species in the studied sites (D. hispanicus Freudenthal, 1967, D. cf. decipiens (Freudenthal & Daams, 1988), D. gracilis Fahlbusch, 1964 and a large-sized undetermined species) and Megacricetodon by one (M. primitivus (Freudenthal, 1963)). The cricetid succession bears several similarities with that of the nearby Calatayud-Montalbán Basin (East-Central Spain) to the point that the same detailed local biostratigraphy could be extended to the Catalan basin. The rare presence of certain Democricetodon species (D. gracilis) and other small mammal taxa also reveal affinities with regions beyond the Iberian Peninsula and indicate that the Vallès-Penedès Basin was more humid and forested than inland Iberian basins during the early Miocene.
Os determinantes da mortalidade infantil nos municípios paranaenses entre 1991 e 2010
Authors: Diniz Géssica Mathias , Ferreira Diego
Published: June 2021

A taxa de mortalidade infantil vem decrescendo em muitos países nas últimas décadas devido a melhorias não só em termos de renda, mas, principalmente, pelos aspectos sociais, demográficos e de atendimento de serviços básicos. Este estudo visa identificar a relação das variáveis taxa de fecundidade, taxa de analfabetismo, proporção da população servida pela coleta de lixo e rede geral de água, renda e índice de Gini com a taxa de mortalidade infantil. Para tanto, foram coletadas informações do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano para os 399 municípios paranaenses, referentes aos anos censitários e estimou-se um modelo econométrico com dados em painel. Em geral, os resultados obtidos vão ao encontro do referencial teórico e bibliográfico. De fato, a estimativa para a proporção da população servida por rede de abastecimento de água foi o único resultado incongruente encontrado, com sinal positivo estatisticamente não-significativo. Assim, pode-se concluir que melhorias nos serviços básicos, no atendimento à saúde, na educação, e o aumento e melhor distribuição da renda têm relação com a redução da taxa de mortalidade infantil e as políticas públicas devem ser direcionadas para tais setores.
Proposta de autocorrelação espacial da relação entre as condições socioeconômicas na Região Metropolitana de Sorocaba, SP, Brasil
Authors: Silva Darllan Collins da Cunha e , Simonetti Vanessa Cezar , Oliveira Renan Angrizani de , Sales Jomil Costa Abreu , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: June 2021

A espacialização dos dados sociais permite analisar algumas características sociais e territoriais dos setores censitários até a totalidade de uma cidade ou região metropolitana. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a autocorrelação espacial dos dados que refletem as condições de saúde e renda dos domicílios da Região Metropolitana de Sorocaba (RMS) e se há correlação desses indicadores por meio de um teste de regressão linear múltipla. Para isso, foi calculado o Índice de Moran Global e Local, os quais foram utilizados para mensurar a autocorrelação e a dependência espacial entre os setores censitários. Identificou-se que existem 177 setores censitários distribuídos pela RMS que mostraram autocorrelações para todas as variáveis e correspondem a 31,1% do território e 5,4% da população total da RMS. Portanto, este estudo pode ser utilizado por gestores públicos para desenvolver políticas públicas voltadas à melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, pois possibilita a identificação das regiões que extrapolam os limites administrativos dos municípios e que carecem de investimentos coletivos e cooperação dos municípios.
Brassicaceae Burnett in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Borges Isabel Costa , Essi Liliana
Published: June 2021

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) includes invasive species as well as widely cultivated horticultural species. In Santa Maria, Cruciferae species usually occur in environments that have undergone urbanization such as sidewalks, roadsides, walls, near energy poles, etc. The last listing of species of this family in the area was performed by Romeu Beltrão in 1962 and supplemented in 1965. The objective of the current study was to update the number of records of Brassicaceae species that occur in the municipality of Santa Maria, RS, as well as to provide keys for the identification for native and naturalized genera and species. Bibliographic surveys, field collections, herbarium material analysis and data from databases of speciesLink and Flora of Brazil 2020 were carried out, as well as complementary collections from August 2018 to April 2019. The species found were photographed and identified based on the existing literature. Identification keys for genera and species, as well as illustrations, were prepared. All genera had only one representative species in Santa Maria with the exception of Lepidium, which presented three species. There was an addition of three species and one genus in relation to the last survey carried out.
Improving knowledge on Viviania linostigma, a threatened species from southern Brazil
Authors: Schaefer Juliana , Vogel Ely Cleusa , Boldrini Ilsi Iob , Bordignon Sérgio Augusto de Loreto
Published: June 2021

Viviania linostigma is restricted to the Brazilian territory, considered a threatened and endemic species of a small region in the Araucaria Forest. This species has been recorded only in southeast Santa Catarina State, and the extreme northeast of Rio Grande do Sul State, in Brazil. Here, we report four new records of V. linostigma for Rio Grande do Sul, expanding its known distribution by 262 km to the south and improving knowledge about the conservation status of the species. These novelties reinforce that species conservation requires more investment in fieldwork, especially in little sampled regions.
A hundred years of debates on sex differences: Developing research for social change
Authors: Poeschl Gabrielle
Published: June 2021

After women secured the right to vote some hundred years ago, the assertions about their innate inferiority gradually began to vanish, giving way to theories about the countless aspects which apparently differentiated them from men. In this paper, we follow the evolution of research on sex differences, starting with the work of the first female psychologists who questioned the theories that justified women’s subordinate positions in society. We trace the main developments of the studies on sex differences, their relationship with social roles, gender stereotypes, and gender identity, and describe the strategies used to highlight the role of society rather than of biology in shaping men and women’s personalities and behaviors. We describe the controversies this area of research gave rise to, the debates over its political implications, and the changes observed over time in women’s social positions and within research perspectives. Finally, we discuss the mutually reinforcing effects of social organization and lay conceptions of gender and reflect on how the field of research on sex differences has contributed to building a fairer society.
Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kumbang cerambycid (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) di Cagar Alam Pangandaran, Jawa Barat
Authors: Ariska Septiani Dewi , Atmowidi Tri , Noerdjito Woro Anggraitoningsih
Published: June 2021

Struktur komunitas kumbang cerambycid di suatu kawasan berkaitan dengan heterogenitas tumbuhan berkayu. Kawasan Cagar Alam Pangandaran merupakan hutan yang berbentuk semenanjung yang memiliki komunitas hewan dan tumbuhan yang khas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kumbang cerambicid di kawasan Cagar Alam Pangandaran. Perangkap cabang tumbuhan nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) dan awar-awar (Ficus septica) digunakan untuk koleksi kumbang. Perangkap ini diikatkan pada cabang pohon atau batang kayu pada ketinggian sekitar 1,5 m dari permukaan tanah. Pemasangan perangkap dilakukan di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam dan Cagar Alam masing-masing 2 lokasi. Koleksi sampel kumbang dilakukan dengan metode beating. Dalam penelitian ini dikoleksi 574 individu kumbang cerambycid yang termasuk dalam 1 subfamili, 8 tribe, 12 genus, dan 20 spesies. Keanekaragaman spesies kumbang tertinggi ditemukan di Taman Wisata Alam-1 (H’ = 2,09, E = 0,74), diikuti Cagar Alam-2 (H’ = 1,75, E = 0,68), Taman Wisata Alam-2 (H’ = 1,70, E = 0,71), dan Cagar Alam-1 (H’ = 1,52, E = 0,69). Spesies kumbang yang ditemukan dengan kelimpahan tinggi ialah Sybra binotata Gahan (229 individu), Nyctimenius javanus (74 individu), Atimura bacillina Pascoe (67 individu), dan Acalolepta rusticatrix (Fabricius) (45 individu). Jumlah individu kumbang yang diperoleh dengan perangkap Artocarpus (342 individu) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan perangkap Ficus (232 individu). Dalam penelitian ini juga teridentifikasi tujuh spesies kumbang endemik pulau Jawa, yaitu Myagrus javanicus Breuning, Cacia curta Breuning, Sybra obliquefasciata Breuning, Sybra fuscotriangularis Breuning, Pterolophia triangularis Breuning, N. javanus, dan Exocentrus artocarpi Fisher.
Pembaruan informasi taksonomi nyamuk dan kunci identifikasi fotografis genus nyamuk (Diptera: Culicidae) di Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Sidiq Setyo , Mujiyono Mujiyono
Published: June 2021

Identifikasi nyamuk betina merupakan aspek penting dalam surveilans penyakit tular vektor dan merancang strategi pengendalian vektor. Indonesia dengan keanekaragaman spesies nyamuk yang tinggi menghadapi permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan adanya beberapa penyakit tular vektor, di antaranya malaria, cikungunya, demam dengue, filariasis, dan Japanese encephalitis. Pembaruan kunci identifikasi nyamuk diperlukan untuk memberikan informasi terkini mengenai vektor penyakit di Indonesia. Saat ini, sebelum adanya publikasi daftar nyamuk Indonesia oleh O’Connor & Sopa (1981), belum pernah ada informasi baru mengenai jumlah genus dan subgenus nyamuk di Indonesia. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menyampaikan pembaruan informasi taksonomi nyamuk dan memberikan kunci identifikasi genus nyamuk di Indonesia. Sejauh ini, terdapat 21 genus dan 63 subgenus nyamuk di negara ini. Terdapat tambahan 3 genus dan 15 subgenus dari daftar spesies tahun 1981. Genus Verrallina, Lutzia, dan Kimia adalah genus baru yang ditambahkan dalam daftar.
A NEW SIMPLE, FLEXIBLE AND LOW-COST MACHINE MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: NIEVES  DA COSTA JOAO PEDRO , AVILA PAULO , BASTOS JOAO , PINTO FERREIRA LUIS
Published: June 2021

The industry 4.0 revolution provides the machines with a sensory and communicational capacity, which allows them to monitor and collect large amounts of information. This kind of data have an impact on planning, maintenance, and management of production, enabling real time reaction, efficiency increase, and the development of predictive and process improvement models. The most recent machines are prepared to communicate with the existing monitoring systems, however, many (around 60%) do not.
The objective of this work is to present the proposal of a system for remote monitoring of equipment in real time that meets the requirements of low cost, simplicity, and flexibility. The system monitors the equipment in a simple and agile way, regardless of its sophistication, installation constraints and company resources.
A prototype of a system was developed and tested both laboratory conditions and a productive environment. The proposed architecture of the system comprises of a sensor that transmits the machine’s signal wirelessly to a gateway which is responsible of collecting all surrounding signals and send it to the cloud. During the testing and assessment of the tools, the results validated the developed prototype. As main result, the proposed solution offers to the industrial market a new low-cost monitoring system based in mature and tested technology laid upon flexible and scalable solutions.

Industry 4.0, Machine Monitoring, Beacon, Bluetooth BLE, Remote Monitoring, Low Cost, SME’s, b-Remote
On the possibility of acquisition of income in form of donations by internal affairs officers through online electronic resources
Authors: Sabinin Andrei Andreevich
Published: June 2021

The object of this research is the system of social relations in the sphere of posting information on the Internet. The subject of this research is the social relations that arise in the context when the internal affairs officer gets paid for posting Internet content. The goal of this work is determine the legitimacy of receiving a monetary reward by the internal affairs officer for posting information on the Internet. The author examines the concept of “donation” and its legal nature, correlated the acquisition of such income and administrative-legal prohibitions imposed on the internal affairs officer. The conclusion is made on the possibility of manifestations of corruption if an employee of the internal affairs bodies receives donations on the Internet. A solution is offered on the improvement of the legal mechanism of such social relations from the perspective of anti-corruption legislation. The novelty of this work is defined by need to improve the legal mechanism for regulating these social relations, as well as in limited number of scientific publications on the topic. The conclusion is made that a volunteer transfer of funds from one Internet user (private entity) to another (private entity), a gratitude for posted information, or for the purpose of development and improvement of activity of the author of the Internet content by online means, should be regarded as donation agreement. The acquisition of income by the internal affairs officer in form of donation for posting information on the Internet that is not related to his official duties is admissible, however contains significant corruption risks. It is essential to revise the normative legal acts with regards to corruption standards of the internal affairs officer for improving the effectiveness of legislation in the sphere of corruption prevention.
“Green” architecture of city riverwalks: on the example of Yekaterinburg
Authors: Bulatova Evgeniya Konstantinovna , Ul'chitskii Oleg Aleksandrovich , Sal'nikova Mariya Yur'evna
Published: June 2021

“Green” architecture of city riverwalks: on the example of Yekaterinburg The object of this research is the Iset River walk, between Malysheva Street and Kuibysheva Street of Yekaterinburg, which is the major attraction for population and the water-recreational urban area. The subject of this research is landscape urbanism used for reconstruction and recreational development of the territories of various functionality, including riverfronts. The author determines the key aspects of the development of recreational spaces of Yekaterinburg in the context of implementation of landscape and city planning approach, as well as the peculiarities of their formation of public and private lands. Comparative-historical analysis of the stages of formation and reconstruction of recreational spaces in the Sverdlovsk agglomeration, analysis of the shoreline of the Iset River between Malysheva Street and Kuibysheva Street of Yekaterinburg is carried out from the perspective of landscape urbanism. The obtained results are as follows:1. The author outlined the prospects of application of the principles of landscape urbanism in reconstruction of city riverwalks;2. The author analyzed the current functional and planning structure of Yekaterinburg; determined the prospects for its transformation, considering the principles of landscape urbanism and formation of the unified ecological-recreational framework;3. The author highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of reconstruction of the Iset River walk and the prospects for its further reconstruction, taking into account the concepts of landscape urbanism and eco-city.
Peasant house as a factor of formation of cultural landscape of the Russian North and the Arctic (on the example of Purnema settlement)
Authors: Usov Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the traditional dwelling in the natural and cultural space of the Russian North and the Arctic. The goal of this work is to examine the peculiarities of a peasant house in Purnema settlement as a factor of formation of the cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye. The dwelling is examines not as an isolated structure, but an integral part of the North Russian cultural landscape, one of the key elements of the traditional culture of Pomorye— the Russian variant of marine culture in the Arctic. The research is based on empirical data acquired in the course of expedition in 2020 on the territory of Onezhskoye Pomorye, settlement of Purnema, Arkhangelsk Region. The article emplopys archival sources of the State Museum of Architecture named after A.V. Shchusev (Moscow), wooden architecture sites in the open-air museum “Malye Korely” (Arkhangelsk Region). Empirical data was obtained via photographic evidence of architectural sites, schematic measurements, and ethnographic questionnaire of local residents, using the method of interview. The research also leans on methodology developed by the Doctor of Culturology A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural and ethnographic survey of the wooden architecture sites. The conclusion is made that the architectural-construct peculiarities of the dwelling and type settlement demonstrate the specific lifestyle of the Russian people in the harsh forest zone and their adjustment to the local climate. In the conditions of the North and the Arctic, a peasant house manifests as a stabilizing factor of adaptation, which ensures sustainable coexistence of population and cultural landscape formed therein; and thus, the effectiveness of ethnosocial and environmental development of the Northern and Arctic territories of the Russian Federation.
Philosophy and religion in the works of P. A. Florensky
Authors: Usachev Alexander
Published: June 2021

The object of this research is the philosophical works of the Russian religious thinker P. A. Florensky. The subject is the extensive concept of religious philosophy, which brings certain clarity to the question of separation of the unity of philosophy and religion that takes place in modern thought. Throughout centuries, the philosophy has been defined in relation to religion. Only in the Renaissance Era, scholars and philosophers came to the conclusion that these two sciences can exist separately and pursue their initial goals. Theology should be proving the existence of God and comprehensibility of God for human mind and, most importantly, for faith. The theme of philosophy is human and existence. The main conclusions of lies in the statement that philosophy and religion do not contradict each other, neither on the subject matter nor in the fundamental cognitive attitudes that develop the ideas of human in their being. In the early XX century, the following situation has formed in Russia: if the philosophy does not acknowledge the existence of God, it no longer is considered a full-fledged science and should cease to exist. Only the materialistic trend in philosophy denied the existence of God. It has been overcome by such thinkers as N. Berdyaev, S. Frank, P. Struve, S. Bulgakov, and other. The aggravation of this issue at the turn of centuries resulted in the fact that the scholars have found  the religious topic particularly painful and fatal for the individual.
The works of Alex Steinweiss: design of the music album cover as a new trend in graphic design
Authors: Sher Alina Andreevna , Timofeeva Rimma Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2021

This article is discusses the works of the graphic designer Alex Steinweiss (1917 – 2011), who was involved in music industry of the United States. The author examines the causes and effects of the emergence of a new trend in graphic design, associated with the design of music album covers, as well as analyzed some of the covers invented by Steinweiss in the 1940s. A brief overview is given to the evolution of sound recording media and their packaging. The subject of this research is the art of Alex Steinweiss, while the object is the envelopes for LP vinyl records, invented by the designer during his work for the Columbia Record Label (1930s – 1940s). The relevance of this article is substantiate by the new wave of interest in vinyl records, and thus graphic design in the context of music industry, as well as by the demand to prepare specialists for working in modern music industry. The novelty lies in examination of causal link of the emergence of new trend graphic design on inventing music album covers. The conducted research indicates the influence of a number of socioeconomic factors and activity of Alex Steinweiss upon the emergence of a new trend in graphic design. The author concludes on the relevance of studying the creative path of Alex Steinweiss for the students and representatives of art professions.
Notes as a method of legislative technique and their importance for regulation of the institution of conviction record
Authors: Malimonova Mariya Andreevna
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the criminal law provisions on notes as a component of legislative technique and their importance for achieving such goals. The author explores the existing approaches towards the definition of the concept and essence of notes, as well as their classification. Special attention is given to the only note from the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation – note to Article 73, which pertains to the institution of conviction record. The goal of this work is to determine the essence and importance of the note for the development of criminal law norms dedicated to the institution of conviction record. The methodological framework of this research is comprised on the general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison), formal-legal and systematic methods, as well as the relevant case law. As a result, the author formulates the definition of the concept of notes, indicates its correlation with the criminal law norm, lists the basic types of notes used in criminal law, and describes their role. The analysis of the provisions of the Article 73 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the notes to the Article 73 revealed the new problems in legislative regulation of suspended sentence and conviction records, which prompted the author to explore these issues and offer solutions. Clarification is given to the definition of “convicts” provided in the Paragraphs “a” and “a.1” of the Part 1 of the Article 73 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Substantiation is given to the role of convict record as a separate circumstance that prevents imposition of suspended sentence. The author indicates the fact of various interpretation of the concept of “crimes against sexual integrity of minors” mentioned in the note to the Article 73 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and in the construct of the qualifying element for a number of offences of the Article 18 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as substantiates inexpediency of unification of this definition. The scientific novelty consists in proposing the new wording for the purposes of the Article 18 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which the author believes should be enshrined in the new note to the Article 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Influence of Caring and Empathy on Students' Multiculturalism Mediated by Christianity: Role of University Core Values
Authors: Wenardjo Elia , Panggabean Hana
Published: June 2021

Urban diversity is a reality for young people living in megacities such as Jakarta. Diversity in urban areas has its benefits; for example, it is a driver of creativity and innovation, but this urban diversity is vulnerable to intergroup friction and conflict. Therefore, urban youth needs to have a sense of multiculturalism, that is, an open attitude and respect for differences. Strong connections between Multiculturalism and Empathy as well as between Multiculturalism and spirituality or religiosity have been recognized. Universities that implement religious-oriented values and openness toward diversity are more likely to promote student multiculturalism. Based on literature, our study examines the influence of the organizational core values of Christianity and Caring as well as an additional social skill variable of Empathy on Multiculturalism among students in a Catholic university in Jakarta. We hypothesize that Multiculturalism is predicted by Caring and Empathy mediated by Christianity. This research was conducted with 155 bachelor students at University X. Research instruments comprised Organizational Core Value questionnaires, the Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright’s Empathy Quotient, and the Universal-Diverse Orientation Scale. Data were analyzed using the path analysis technique. The results show that Multiculturalism is predicted by Caring and Empathy mediated by Christianity. Christianity influences Multiculturalism. Each of Caring and Empathy influences Multiculturalism with the mediation of Christianity. These results suggest that a university might cultivate Multiculturalism by thoughtfully channeling religiously oriented values and a sense of Caring and Empathy in building university culture.
Gas density evolution in beam screen of super proton-proton collider
Authors: You Zhi-Ming , Wang Jie , Gao Yong , Fan Jia-Kun , Zhang Jing , Hu Yao-Cheng , Wang Sheng , Xu Zhang-Lian , Zhang Qi ,   Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: June 2021

Vacuum stability is one of the key issues in the design of particle accelerators, especially high-energy super proton-proton colliders. The synchrotron radiation generated by proton beams in the bending area will desorb and crack the gas molecules which have adsorbed on the wall of the cold bore. The collision or scattering between the proton beam and the desorbed gas molecules may result in the degradation of the beam quality and the reduction of beam life time, and even the collapse of the beam. Usually a copper coated stainless steel beam screen is installed in the cold bore to intercept synchrotron radiation and reduce gas desorption. Based on the design parameters of the Super Proton-Proton Collider, in this paper the source of gas in the beam screen is analyzed. By considering the photon-induced desorption process and the gas molecule cracking process, the gas dynamic model in the beam screen is established. Moreover, the calculation of the evolution of the gas density in the beam screen with the beam operating time is carried out, and the effect of TiZrV non-evaporable getter film coated beam screen on the dynamic gas density is explored. The results show that H2 is the main desorption gas in the beam, the next is CO, while the molecular density of CO2 and CH4 are limited by molecular cracking. The maximum gas density in the beam screen appears at the initial stage of operation, and the gas density decreases with time going by. In order to strengthen adsorption and reduce desorption, TiZrV coated beam screen is discussed in this paper. In the case of TiZrV coated stainless steel beam screen, the maximum equivalent H2 density is about two order of magnitude lower than in the case of copper coated stainless steel beam screen. The non-evaporable getter(NEG) for beam screen material can significantly improve vacuum performance. The calculation results can qualitatively reflect the dynamic vacuum evolution in the beam screen during the beam operation and provide a reference for designing vacuum systems.
Calculation and analysis of interaction between characteristic functional group of persimmon tannin and metal ions
Authors: Liu Zhi-Gao , Chen Tao , Hu Chao-Hao , Wang Dian-Hui , Wang Zhong-Min , Li Gui-Yin ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China,   School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China,   School of Life and Environment Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
Published: June 2021

Persimmon tannin has excellent adsorption efficiency of heavy metal ions, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the key structural monomer of persimmon tannin to play its active role. In order to analyze the nature of the interaction between persimmon tannin and metal ions, in this paper the density functional theory (DFT) is used to calculate and analyze the interactions between EGCG and metal ions (Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, In3+, Al3+, Au3+), from the respects of EGCG-metal complex configuration, Mayer bond order, natural population analysis, binding energy, and weak interaction. In this paper, the B3LYP combined with DFT-D3 dispersion correction method is mainly used. For metal atoms, the Lanl2dz basis set is adopted. For H, C and O atoms, the 6-311G (d, p) basis set is adopted for optimizing the structure, and the more accurate 6-311+G (d, p) basis set is selected for calculating the single point energy. At the same time, the study adds the SMD solvation model with water as the solvent. All calculations are done by using the Gaussian 09 package. The method of reduced density gradient function is used to study the weak interactions between EGCG and metal ions. The results of research show that EGCG-Fe2+ complex is adsorbed mainly by chelating bond. However, the EGCG adsorbs mainly Ag+, Hg2+ ions through electrostatic attraction. The configurations of the complexes show that In3+, Al3+ and Au3+ ions with EGCG form unique “luminal structure” metal complexes, so there is not only electrostatic attraction, but also aromatic ring stacking between these three metal ions and D ring 4"O, 5"O. The calculated Mayer bond order indicates that the bond order of the composite bond is formed by Fe2+ ion and the EGCG is the largest in the seven metal complexes, and the bond order is formed by In3+ ion, and EGCG is smallest. The compound of Cu2+ ion and EGCG have chelation, electrostatic attraction and aromatic ring stacking. By observing the binding energy, it can be found that the more charges the metal ions have, the easier the charge transfer will be and the stronger the electrostatic attraction of EGCG may be. These results will provide enlightenment for further studying the mechanism of persimmon tannin's adsorption of metal ions.
Design and simulation of polarization-insensitive ring resonator based on subwavelength grating and sandwiched structure
Authors: Wang Jing-Li , Zhang Jian-Zhe , Chen He-Ming ,   College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China,   Bell Honors School, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
Published: June 2021

Ring resonator fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator is versatile in optical integration, which can be used to realize filters, modulators and switches. However, silicon-on-insulator is difficult to control the polarization dependence, and thus its application is greatly limited. The polarization dependence of the ring resonator is caused mainly by two factors: the coupling coefficients of the coupling region at the same wavelength for the two orthogonal polarization modes are different, and the birefringence effect of curved waveguide results in the different resonant wavelengths of TE and TM polarization modes. When the coupling region polarization independence and the resonant wavelength polarization independence are simultaneously satisfied, the polarization independence of the ring resonator can be realized. In this paper, a new type of polarization-insensitive ring resonator on a silicon-on-insulator is designed based on subwavelength grating and sandwiched structure. Firstly, by adjusting the duty cycle of the subwavelength grating and the refractive index of SiNx in the coupling region, polarization independence of the coupling region is achieved. Secondly, the refractive index of SiNx in curved waveguides is designed to make the resonance wavelengths for orthogonal polarization modes equal. Thirdly, the parameters of the coupling region are optimized to reduce the insertion loss. The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method is used for simulation. The results show that the radius of the ring is only 10 μm, the 3-dB bandwidth of the device is less than 0.8 nm, and the insertion loss is lower than 0.8 dB. It has potential applications in the future dense wavelength division multiplexing systems.
Discharge characteristics of argon brush plasma plume operated at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Yang Li-Jun , Song Cai-Hong , Zhao Na , Zhou Shuai , Wu Jia-Cun , Jia Peng-Ying ,   College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
Published: June 2021

Atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma has been widely used in biomedicine, surface treatment and other fields, which has attracted the attention of researchers extensively. As one of the important methods to generate such a plasma, the plasma jet has become a popular method, which can generate a remote plasma plume at the nozzle through introducing a rare gas flow. However, plasma plume has a small diameter, which results in deficiency for the large-scale surface treatment. A dielectric barrier discharge device with three electrodes is utilized to produce a large brush-shaped plasma plume (50.0 mm × 40.0 mm) downstream of flowing argon under the combined excitation of an alternate current (AC) voltage and a negative bias voltage, thereby increasing the plume scale. The results show that the luminescence intensity of the plasma plume increases with AC peak voltage increasing. By fast photography implemented with an intensified charge coupled device (ICCD), it is found that the plasma plume is composed of temporally superposed branched-streamers. The ICCD images also reveal that the number of branches increases with AC peak voltage increasing. Moreover, the waveforms of AC voltage and light emission signal recorded simultaneously indicate that the plasma plume initiates once per AC voltage cycle, which occurs in the positive half cycle of the applied voltage. With AC peak voltage increasing, the duration and intensity of discharge pulse increase, which results from more branches of the branched streamer. Besides, optical emission spectrum in a range from 300 nm to 850 nm mainly includes OH (A2Σ+–X2Π) peaked at 308.0 nm, the second positive system of N2 (C3Πu–B3Πg), Ar I (4p–4s), and O I (3p3 P–3s3 S) at 844.6 nm. Based on the optical emission spectrum, the plasma parameters such as vibrational temperature and intensity ratio of spectral lines (correlated with electron density and electron temperature) are investigated. Besides, the variation of concentration of oxygen atoms in the plasma plume with experimental parameters is investigated by optical actinometry. The results indicate that the concentration of oxygen atoms first increases and then decreases with the distance increasing along the argon flow direction or with oxygen content of the working gas increasing. In addition, the concentration of oxygen atoms increases with AC peak voltage increasing. All these results are discussed qualitatively. These results are of great importance in modifying the plasma surface on a large scale.
A physical model of cylindrical surrounding double-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
Authors: Liu Jia-Wen , Yao Ruo-He , Liu Yu-Rong , Geng Kui-Wei ,   School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Published: June 2021

The cylindrical surrounding double-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (CSDG MOSFET) is formed by adding an internal control gate to the cylindrical surrounding-gate (CSG) MOSFET. The inner gate of CSDG MOSFET acts as a second gate for enhanced charge control. At present, the research of CSDG MOSFET structure is widely concerned. Compared with double-gate MOSFET, triple-gate MOSFET and CSG MOSFET, the CSDG MOSFET provides good controllability of the gate over the channel. Additionally, the device allows for higher volume inversion than CSG MOSFET, which leads to better output characteristics.

In order to study the electrical characteristics of CSDG MOSFET, the potential model of CSDG MOSFET is obtained by solving the two-dimensional Poisson equation in cylindrical coordinates. The effects of gate dielectric, channel length and gate dielectric thickness on the surface potential and electric field of CSDG MOSFET are studied. Besides, the drain-source current model of CSDG MOSFET is established by integrating the inverse charge along the channel. The effects of gate dielectric and gate dielectric thickness on the transconductance of CSDG MOSFET are studied. In addition, the effects of the downscaling of device parameters on the transfer characteristics and transconductance of CSDG MOSFET are studied.

The electrical characteristics of CSDG MOSFET are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the minimum surface potential along the channel of CSDG MOSFET decreases with the increase of gate dielectric constant of gate dielectric layer. The electric field along the channel and along the radius, drain-source current and transconductance of CSDG MOSFET increase as the gate dielectric constant increases. The threshold voltage of CSDG MOSFET decreases as the gate dielectric constant increases. Moreover, with the downscaling of device parameters, the transfer characteristics and transconductance of CSDG MOSFET decrease. The performance of CSDG MOSFET can be significantly improved by using high-k gate dielectrics.
Kinetics of iron α-εphase transition under thermodynamic path of multiple shock loading-unloading
Authors: Hua Ying-Xin , Liu Fu-Sheng , Geng Hua-Yun , Hao Long , Yu Ji-Dong , Tan Ye , Li Jun ,   Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,   Laboratory for Shock Wave Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Published: June 2021

The dynamics of iron under extreme conditions like high temperature and high pressure has been well studied for several decades. But, there have been not many reports about the phase transition kinetics coupled with complicated thermodynamic paths, especially loading-unloading-reloading path, which is closer to the real applications. A three-layer structure impactor with five stages performed in the front-surface experiment is made up to approach the special path. We choose epoxy to be the adhesive as it has low impedance and high strength. Tantalum, the standard material of high impedance which also has single wave structure, is selected for reloading process. The wave profile shows a 3-wave structure in the first unloading period and the inverse phase transition threshold is calculated to be about 11.3 GPa. This onset pressure of reverse phase transition is not consistent with Barker’s result, higher than his result (about 2.5 GPa). By comparing with recalculated result of Jensen’s data, we find that our result is consistent with theirs.In this work the inverse phase transition ends at about 10 GPa, the value from this way which is higher than Barker’s finding, even higher than his result of the threshold pressure of reverse phase transition. And at this state there remains 12%–15% of ε phase. So it cannot be seen as the completed reverse phase transformation. The phase transition onset pressure is 10–12 GPa on the reloading path and it is about 1–2 GPa lower than the first phase transition. By simulating the wave profile, the discrepancy of using different phase transformation characteristic time τ as 30 ns and 5 ns is analyzed. It can be seen that the phase transition rate of reloading is faster than that of the first loading process. These phenomena may be caused by the twins and the dislocations which are produced by the inverse phase transition. Also, as unloading time becomes longer, the mass fraction of ε phase becomes lesser and the onset pressure of α → ε phase transition becomes lower. This because with more ε phases transforming into α phase, more twins and dislocations will be produced in material. Therefore, it brings the lower onset pressure.
A miniaturized pre-calibration based Lissajous scanning fiber probe for endoscopic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wu Tong , Huo Wen-Qi , Huang Yun-Zhi , Wang Ji-Ming , Gu Xiao-Rong , Lu Yuan-Gang , He Chong-Jun , Liu You-Wen ,   Key Laboratory of Space Photoelectric Detection and Perception (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing 210016, China,   Department of Applied Physics, College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
Published: June 2021

In this paper we present a miniaturized pre-calibration based forward-viewing Lissajous scanning fiber probe for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). The probe is based on an asymmetric fiber cantilever driven by the piezoelectric bender to realize the two-dimensional (2D) Lissajous scanning, which can realize a relatively large scanning range under a low driving voltage. A capillary metal tube is mounted at the end of the main fiber to reduce the resonant frequency of the fiber cantilever. The relationship between the filling rate and the side-lobe number of the Lissajous scanning pattern is studied, and a method of selecting the orthogonal resonant frequency of the Lissajous scanning is proposed. Through the numerical simulation by COMSOL software, the structural parameters of the asymmetric fiber cantilever are determined. The orthogonal resonant frequencies of the asymmetric fiber cantilever are 169 Hz and 122 Hz. The lengths of the main imaging fiber, the auxiliary fiber and the metal capillary tube are 15.94 mm, 4.49 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The probe is fully packaged in a metal tube for endoscopic imaging. The focal spot and the working distance are 25 µm and 5 mm, respectively. The field of view is larger than 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm. The total rigid length and the outer diameter of the probe are 35 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively. The stability and repeatability of the Lissajous scanning trajectory, and the imaging stability with the rotation of the probe are investigated and verified. The probe is incorporated into a 50 kHz swept source OCT system. The axial resolution of the endoscopic OCT is 10.3 μm, and the imaging frame rate is 1 FPS (frames per second). The maximum signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging system is 110 dB. The imaging performance of the probe is validated by the 2D en-face and three-dimensional volumetric OCT imaging of the high scattering sample and the biological tissue. The probe can be used for the endoscopic imaging of the human tooth. From the result we can distinguish the dental enamel, dental essence and the dental calculus. The developed forward-viewing Lissajous scanning fiber probe is expected to be used in dental applications such as early calculus detection.
Experimental study of coherent manipulation in 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate with phase difference of double stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
Authors: Zhou Fang , Wen Kai , Wang Liang-Wei , Liu Fang-De , Han Wei , Wang Peng-Jun , Huang Liang-Hui , Chen Liang-Chao , Meng Zeng-Ming , Zhang Jing ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we develop a new method to adjust the Raman coupling strength by using the relative phase between two pairs of Raman lasers. The stimulated Raman transition process is highly controllable and has the characteristics of multiple degrees of freedom. In experiments on ultracold atoms, the populations of atomic energy levels can be adjusted by taking an appropriate Raman light intensity and interaction time, and by detuning the two-photon frequency. The intensity of the Raman laser is usually changed to adjust the Raman coupling strength. Based on two-level atoms, a new method of accurately controlling the Raman coupling strength by using the relative phase between two pairs of Raman light beams is developed. This technology can achieve coherent manipulation of atomic quantum states, which greatly broadens the ability of ultracold atoms to perform quantum simulations. First, the 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate is realized by using an optical dipole trap. Then, the two pairs of Raman lasers are designed with a special optical path to keep the relative phase of the two pairs of Raman lasers stable in the transmission process, and can be controlled accurately. Then the two pairs of Raman light beams act on the two ground state hyperfine energy levels \begin{document}$ |1, 1\rangle $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ |1, 0\rangle $\end{document} of the 87Rb atom. In the experiment, we observe the relation between the percentage of atoms in the two quantum states and the relative phase between the two pairs of Raman light beams. This method provides a unique control parameter for ultracold atom quantum simulation experiments, which is the laser phase. It is hoped that this technology can be used to manipulate the interaction between light and atoms in the future to achieve more abundant physical phenomena.