bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Morpholines via Copper‐Promoted Oxyamination of Alkenes.
Authors: Sequeira Fatima C. , Chemler Sherry R.
Published: December 2012

A variety of N‐allyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)sulfonamides undergoes the title reaction in the presence of copper(II) alkanoate CEH to give aminomethyl‐functionalized morpholines in a highly diastereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Preparation of β‐Aryl‐β‐boronyl Enoates and Their Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Reduction.
Authors: Ding Jinyue , Lee Jack Chang Hung , Hall Dennis G.
Published: December 2012

The planar 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene moiety acts as a superior boron masking group over the bulky pinacol group.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling Reactions of Heteroarenes with Phosphites under Silver Catalysis.
Authors: Xiang Chang‐Bing , Bian Yong‐Jun , Mao Xue‐Rong , Huang Zhi‐Zhen
Published: December 2012

An efficient method to prepare various heteroaromatic phosphonates is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: General Route for the Preparation of Diverse 17‐Membered Macrocycles Based on RCM and Examination of the E/Z Selectivity.
Authors: Heckrodt Thilo J. , Singh Rajinder
Published: December 2012

A synthetic entry into peptide‐type 17‐membered macrocycles using a sequence of amide coupling reactions followed by a RCM reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Lycopalhine A, a Novel Sterically Congested Lycopodium Alkaloid with an Unprecedented Skeleton from Palhinhaea cernua.
Authors: Dong Liao‐Bin , Yang Jing , He Juan , Luo Huai‐Rong , Wu Xing‐De , Deng Xu , Peng Li‐Yan , Cheng Xiao , Zhao Qin‐Shi
Published: December 2012

The structure and absolute configuration of title compound (I) is determined by spectroscopic and computational methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Titania‐Coated Metal Nanostructures
Authors: Seh Zhi Wei , Liu Shuhua , Han Min‐Yong
Published: December 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Azide/Nitrate Route, a Versatile and Prolific Procedure for the Synthesis of Alkali Oxometalates
Authors: Jansen Martin
Published: December 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Sieving: Feasibility and Challenges for the Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes in Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Cai Jinjun , Xing Yanlong , Zhao Xuebo
Published: December 2012

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Photofunctional Lanthanide Hybrid Materials
Authors: Yan Bing
Published: December 2012

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The “Golden Age” of Gold Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Bandini Marco , Cera Gianpiero , Chiarucci Michel
Published: December 2012

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Additions to Alkenes: N‐Nucleophiles
Authors: Li Zigang , Capretto David A. , He Chuan
Published: December 2012

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Targeting Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels with Small Molecules
Authors: Nardi Antonio , Damann Nils , Hertrampf Torsten , Kless Achim
Published: December 2012

Review: 413 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Biology for Understanding Matrix Matalloproteinase Function
Authors: Knapinska Anna , Fields Gregg B.
Published: December 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multienzymatic System Immobilization in Sol—Gel Slides: Development of Fluorescent Biosensors
Authors: Pastor I. , Salinas‐Castillo A.
Published: December 2012

Review: 47 refs.
Synthesis and Bioactivities of Novel N‐(4‐(2‐Aryloxythiazol‐5‐yl)but‐3‐yn‐2‐yl)benzamides
Authors: Zhu Youquan , Liu Pei , Wang Danyang , Zhang Jin , Cheng Jie , Ma Yuan , Zou Xiaomao , Yang Huazheng
Published: December 2012

A series of novel N‐(4‐(2‐aryloxythiazol‐5‐yl)but‐3‐yn‐2‐yl)benzamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were identified by 1H NMR and elemental analyses. Preliminary bioassays indicated that some title compounds provided >80% control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 50 µg/mL and >70% herbicidal activities against B. campestris at 100 µg/mL. Their structure‐activities relationships were also discussed.
Synthesis of Conjugated Aryleneethynylenesiloles Dendron
Authors: Liu Jie , Yan Chenxu , Li Shanshan , Wang Chengyun , Shen Yongjia
Published: December 2012

Three routes were designed to synthesize a π‐conjugated aryleneethynylenesiloles dendron. With the desilylation of the disilole mono(silylethynyl) derivative in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3), the silole‐containing oligomer has been successfully synthesized without impact on the Si‐(CH3)2 group. The disilole mono(silylethynyl) derivative was prepared by means of the Sonogashira heterocoupling reaction between the diacetylene compound and asymmetrical silole, catalyzed by the dichloro bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, in a divergent synthesis. Due to their steric effect and triethynylbenzene self‐coupling Glaser reaction, the endeavour to prepare the dendron by controlling the molar ratio of asymmetrical silole and 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene was failed. The another attempt to prepare the dendron by different desilylation condition of triisopropylsilyl group and trimethylsilyl group was also failed, the desilylation of Si‐(CH3)2 group in silacyclopentadiene unit was also easily accomplished in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride(Bu4NF), whereas no reaction occurred when K2CO3 was used instead of Bu4NF.
Highly Substituted Cyclopentenes Formation via a Stereoselective Tandem CDC Reaction and Cyclization
Authors: Li Yi , Cao Li , Luo Xiaoyan , Deng Weiping
Published: December 2012

A facile iron‐catalyzed C(sp3)‐C(sp2) bond formation through DDQ‐mediated cross‐dehydrogenative homo‐coupling of (E)‐1,2‐diarylprop‐1‐enes for the synthesis of highly aryl‐substituted cyclopentenes has been developed.
Copper Biosorption by Spent Coffee Ground: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Mechanism
Authors: Dávila‐Guzmán Nancy Elizabeth , de Jesús Cerino‐Córdova Felipe , Soto‐Regalado Eduardo , Rangel‐Mendez Jose Rene , Díaz‐Flores Paola Elizabeth , Garza‐Gonzalez Maria Teresa , Loredo‐Medrano José Angel
Published: December 2012

The potential use of spent coffee ground (SCG) for the removal of copper has been investigated as a low‐cost adsorbent for the biosorption of heavy metals. Adsorption batch experiments were conducted to determine isotherms and kinetics. The biosorption equilibrium data were found to fit well the Freundlich model and an experimental maximum biosorption capacity of copper ions 0.214 mmol/g was achieved. The biosorption kinetics of SCG was studied at different adsorbate concentrations (0.1–1.0 mM) and stirring speeds (100–400/min). The results showed an increase in the copper ion uptake with raising the initial metal concentration and the kinetic data followed the pseudo‐second order rate expression. The effect of stirring speed was a significant factor for the external mass transfer resistance at 100/min and coefficients were estimated by the Mathews and Weber model. Biosorption of copper ions onto SCG was observed to be related mainly with the release of calcium and hydrogen ions suggesting that biosorption performance by SCG can be attributed to ion‐exchange mechanism with calcium and hydrogen ions neutralizing the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the biomass.
H2S Emissions from a Submerged Pilot‐Scale Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Esteban‐García Ana Lorena , Lebrero Raquel , de los Santos Manuel Alejandro , Muñoz Raúl , Tejero Juan Ignacio
Published: December 2012

A study was performed in two submerged, pilot‐scale biofilm bioreactors operated under different conditions to determine the relationship between the operating parameters and H2S emission. H2S was always detected in the exhaust air at concentrations varying from 1 to 353 ppmv. The specific aeration rate was the most influencing parameter, with As < 30 ${\rm m}_{{\rm air}}^{{\rm 3}} $ kg COD (dissolved oxygen concentrations <4 mg L−1) increasing noticeably the H2S production. The periodical removal of the accumulated sludge reduced H2S emissions by ∼14%.
Improved real‐time scheduling of periodic tasks on multiprocessors
Authors: Rattanatamrong P. , Fortes J.A.B.
Published: December 2012

There is an increasing number of high‐performance periodic real‐time applications in areas such as control systems, autonomous robots and financial systems. This article presents a novel algorithm, called Notional Approximation for Balancing Load Residues (NABLR), for scheduling these applications on high‐performance computing resources. The algorithm utilizes a combination of task residual loads and runtime laxities to carefully plan task execution between two consecutive job arrivals, so that available resources can be fully utilized and avoid deadline misses as possible. The empirical study in our article presented at the 2011 International Conference on High Performance Computing and Simulation (HPCS) was further extended by including additional static task sets and a new adaptive task set generated by our motivating application in brain–machine interfaces, which simulates the control of movement of a prosthetic limb according to activities of input signals. Out of 25,000 task sets, NABLR can schedule up to 76% of the sets versus 43% by the best known efficient algorithm (named anticipating slack earliest deadline first until zero laxity [ASEDZL]), while incurring significantly smaller overheads than those of a known optimal algorithm (on average, 80% fewer preemptions, migrations, and 75% fewer scheduler invocations), and being comparable to those of suboptimal schedulers (within only 12% more preemptions/migrations). Additionally, the evaluation results show that NABLR completes more task instances when compared with ASEDZL, which yields a greater system output accuracy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PySy: a Python package for enhanced concurrent programming
Authors: Williamson Todd , Olsson Ronald A.
Published: December 2012

Over the last decade, the popularity of Python has increased considerably. Python is widely used and has been demonstrated to be effective over many problem domains including scripting, prototyping, and simulation. Python's easy to use and concise syntax is highly expressive and allows a developer to create considerably shorter and easier to understand programs than semantically equivalent programs written in languages like C, C++, or Java. An important aspect of any language's flexibility is a highly parallelizable environment that allows its users to write concurrent programs. However, Python is still lacking a high‐level, expressive concurrent and distributed programming environment. This paper presents our experience creating PySy, a Python package (on the basis of the SR and JR concurrent programming languages), which provides an easy to use and expressive concurrent environment and allows for the distributed sharing of resources. This paper discusses our design decisions, describes our implementation, and shows qualitative and quantitative analyses of well‐known concurrent programs written in PySy. Overall, PySy is reasonable to use for expressing the more common programming scenarios, while it provides acceptable performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards scalability collapse behavior on multicores
Authors: Cui Yan , Chen Yu , Shi Yuanchun
Published: December 2012

Multicore processor systems have become mainstream. To release the full potential of multiple cores, applications are programmed to be parallel to keep every core busy. Unfortunately, lock contention within operating systems can limit the scalability so seriously that use of more cores leads to reduced throughput (scalability collapse). To understand and characterize the collapse behavior easily, a discrete‐event simulation model, which considers both the sequential execution of critical sections and the overhead of hardware resource contention, is designed and implemented. By the use of the model, we observe that the percentage of time used to wait for locks and the number of tasks requesting for a lock have a significant correlation with the occurrence of scalability collapse. On the basis of these observations, two new techniques (lock contention aware scheduler and requester‐based adaptive lock) are proposed to remove the scalability collapse on multicores. The proposed methods are implemented in the Linux kernel 2.6.29.4 and evaluated on an AMD 32‐core system to verify their effectiveness. By using micro‐benchmarks and macro‐benchmarks, we find that these methods can remove scalability collapse totally for four of five workloads exhibiting the collapse behavior. For one workload that does not suffer scalability collapse, these proposed methods only introduce negligible overhead. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Multiple Populations from Single‐Molecule Lifetime Distributions
Authors: Kastantin Mark , Schwartz Daniel K.
Published: December 2012

A major advantage of single‐molecule methods over ensemble‐averaging techniques involves the ability to characterize heterogeneity through the identification of multiple molecular populations. It can be challenging, however, to determine absolute values of dynamic parameters (and to relate these values to those determined from a conventional method) because characteristic timescales of various populations may vary over many orders of magnitude, and under a given set of experimental conditions instrumental sensitivity to various populations may be unequal. Using data obtained from the single‐molecule tracking microscopy of fibrinogen protein adsorption and desorption, it is shown that by performing a combined analysis of molecular trajectories obtained using a range of acquisition times, it is possible to extract quantitative absolute values of multiple population fractions and residence times (with well‐defined uncertainties), even when these values span many orders of magnitude. In particular, as many as six distinct populations are rigorously identified, exhibiting characteristic timescales that vary over nearly three orders of magnitude with population fractions as small as one part in a thousand. This approach will lead to better comparability between single‐molecule experiments and may be useful in connecting single‐molecule to ensemble‐averaged observations.
Harmonising Production, Properties and Environmental Consequences of Liquid Transport Fuels from Biomass—2,5‐Dimethylfuran as a Case Study
Authors: Simmie John M. , Würmel Judith
Published: December 2012

The rapid development in methods for transforming non‐edible biomass into platform chemicals and fuels has accelerated over recent years. However, the determination of whether these ‘next‐generation’ biofuels perform in a satisfactory manner in engines, turbines and burners has lagged behind. The evaluation of the ecological and toxicological aspects has also been unable to keep up. We show, by using 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) as a concrete example, how a range of studies is needed to establish the benefits and risks of using a particular biofuel. In this regard, the variable with the largest impact about which little is known is probably the behaviour of DMF when it is accidentally introduced into groundwater. A primary consideration is to avoid a repetition of the methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) fiasco.
Development of single point feed circularly polarized coplanar antenna
Authors: Hirabayashi Kanya , Takahashi Masashi , Kominami Masanobu
Published: December 2012

A single point fed circularly polarized coplanar antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a rectangular slot loop of 1λ (wavelength) and the earth conductor. The antenna has orthogonal surface currents and appropriate phase differences suitable to generate circularly polarized waves. The antenna design method is studied and the design parameter table is obtained for several applications. Antenna performance was measured and examined with numerical simulation results. Finally, an application for XMSR was examined with a car body model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(1): 33–42, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11425
A global “imaging’’ view on systems approaches in immunology
Authors: Ludewig Burkhard , Stein Jens V. , Sharpe James , Cervantes‐Barragan Luisa , Thiel Volker , Bocharov Gennady
Published: December 2012

The immune system exhibits an enormous complexity. High throughput methods such as the “‐omic’’ technologies generate vast amounts of data that facilitate dissection of immunological processes at ever finer resolution. Using high‐resolution data‐driven systems analysis, causal relationships between complex molecular processes and particular immunological phenotypes can be constructed. However, processes in tissues, organs, and the organism itself (so‐called higher level processes) also control and regulate the molecular (lower level) processes. Reverse systems engineering approaches, which focus on the examination of the structure, dynamics and control of the immune system, can help to understand the construction principles of the immune system. Such integrative mechanistic models can properly describe, explain, and predict the behavior of the immune system in health and disease by combining both higher and lower level processes. Moving from molecular and cellular levels to a multiscale systems understanding requires the development of methodologies that integrate data from different biological levels into multiscale mechanistic models. In particular, 3D imaging techniques and 4D modeling of the spatiotemporal dynamics of immune processes within lymphoid tissues are central for such integrative approaches. Both dynamic and global organ imaging technologies will be instrumental in facilitating comprehensive multiscale systems immunology analyses as discussed in this review.
Theoretical Study of Spin‐State and Redox Multistability in an Iron [2×2] Grid Complex
Authors: Borshch Serguei A. , Zueva Ekaterina M.
Published: December 2012

We use quantum‐chemical (DFT) calculations to elucidate the origin of spin‐crossover pathways in the iron [2×2] molecular grid with pyrazole‐based bridging ligands displaying spin‐state and oxidation‐state multistability. The complex is characterized energetically and structurally in different available spin and oxidation states. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the structural distortion induced on each iron center by spin transition on any of its neighbors or by oxidation. The evolution of coordination polyhedra is monitored by using continuous shape measures. It is demonstrated that a succession of spin transitions on different centers depends on whether the induced distortion approaches or moves the coordination core geometry away from a more regular low‐spin geometry. These effects, as well as the overall grid geometry, are driven by the steric strain in the ligands. We also calculate the parameters of Mössbauer spectra and exchange coupling constants for different grid states.
ECDLP‐based certificateless proxy signature scheme with message recovery
Authors: Padhye Sahadeo , Tiwari Namita
Published: December 2012

Certificateless public key cryptography (PKC) eliminates the use of certificates in traditional PKC and the key escrow problem in identity‐based PKC. Up to now, a number of certificateless proxy signature (CLPS) schemes have been proposed. However, only a little attention has been paid to the construction of CLPS schemes with message recovery. Recently, Singh and Verma proposed a CLPS scheme with message recovery from bilinear pairings. Total computation cost of a pairing is higher than that of elliptic curve‐based scalar multiplication over elliptic curve group. So, schemes without pairings would be more appealing in terms of efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, there is no provable secure CLPS scheme with message recovery based on elliptic curve discrete log problem. We first propose such CLPS scheme. Our scheme is secure against existential forgery under adaptive chosen message and ID attacks. Furthermore, it is more efficient than Singh and Verma's scheme for practical applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk management for catastrophes: Risk of catastrophic incidents is becoming manageable
Authors: Walters Neal
Published: December 2012

Despite a strong focus on personnel safety and an increasing focus on process safety, serious safety incidents continue to occur in oil and gas, petrochemicals, power generation, and other asset‐intensive industries. Headline‐grabbing examples from the past couple of years include the following:
Fuel sources: Current law and regulation about used nuclear fuel
Authors: Polonsky Alex S. , Kuyler Ray P.
Published: December 2012

There is a lot of nuclear waste piling up out there. We are not talking about the by‐product of nuclear weapons production from the Cold War; I am talking about the nuclear fuel that has been irradiated inside the 100‐plus commercial nuclear power plants located in the United States that have been generating about 20 percent (Exhibit 1) of the electricity in this country for the past four decades. This “spent” or “used” nuclear fuel is now being stored at current and former commercial nuclear reactor sites, awaiting disposal or recycling.1
Natural gas matters: Blue Light Special's consequences—Will low prices cause 2013 shortage?
Authors: Smead Richard G.
Published: December 2012

In reviewing where the natural gas industry stands going into this winter, we have a strange situation. First, as it is easy to show, both flowing supplies and storage are in extremely good shape—shale‐driven abundance keeps rolling along, and thanks partly to last year's historically mild winter, storage balances are extremely high. Prices have been ramping up from the bargain‐basement prices we experienced this summer, when Henry Hub even dipped below $2.00 a million Btu's, but are not yet up to the levels that most analysts believe are needed for sustained development.
Stable isotope geochemistry of magnesite from Holocene salt lake deposits, Taoudenni, Mali
Authors: Mees Florias , Keppens Eddy
Published: December 2012

Stable isotope data (δ18O, δ13C) were obtained for magnesite (MgCO3) from Holocene salt lake deposits of the Taoudenni–Agorgott basin, Mali, in which it is the only carbonate mineral present. The deposits have a high glauberite content (Na2Ca(SO4)2), representing a type of continental evaporite formation that is commonly magnesite‐bearing. Samples from seven different levels in a 5 m long sequence were analysed. δ18OV‐PDB values are between +3.17 and +5.91‰, which is lower than might be expected for evaporitic environments, recording reduced 18O enrichment at high salinity. δ13CV‐PDB values are between −1.32‰ and −4.79‰, showing an influence of carbon derived from the decomposition of organic matter rather than from exchange with atmospheric CO2. Covariance between δ18O and δ13C is strong for the lower part of the sequence, recording coupled 18O and 13C enrichment as commonly observed for closed basins. Covariance is lacking for the upper part of the sequence, with only periodic massive magnesite deposition in a more shallow lake. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and associated behavioral symptoms of depression in mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Van der Mussele Stefan , Bekelaar Kim , Le Bastard Nathalie , Vermeiren Yannick , Saerens Jos , Somers Nore , Mariën Peter , Goeman Johan , De Deyn Peter P. , Engelborghs Sebastiaan
Published: December 2012

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical concept that categorizes subjects who are in an intermediate cognitive state between normal aging and dementia. The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence of significant depressive symptoms in MCI and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and to characterize the behavior associated with significant depressive symptoms in MCI and AD patients.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective, longitudinal study on behavioral symptoms of dementia and MCI was performed. The study population consisted of 270 MCI and 402 AD patients. Behavioral assessment was performed by means of Middelheim Frontality Score, Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (Behave‐AD) and Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory. The presence of significant depressive symptoms was defined as a Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia total score >7.

Results

The prevalence of significant depressive symptoms in AD patients (25%) was higher compared with MCI patients (16%) (p = 0.005). Patients with significant depressive symptoms showed an increased severity of frontal lobe symptoms, behavioral symptoms and agitation (Middelheim Frontality Score, Behave‐AD and Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory total scores; p < 0.001). Also, most of the individual frontal lobe and behavioral symptoms were more prevalent and severe, resulting in higher Behave‐AD global scores. Mild cognitive impairment patients with depressive symptoms showed more severe behavioral symptoms and more severe verbally agitated behavior than AD patients without depressive symptoms (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Frontal lobe and behavioral symptoms are more prevalent and severe in MCI and AD patients with significant depressive symptoms as compared with patients without depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of care management on depression treatment in a psychiatric clinic: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jeong Hyunsuk , Yim Hyeon Woo , Jo Sun‐jin , Nam Beomwoo , Kwon Soon‐Mo , Choi Jin‐Yong , Yang Sang‐Kuk
Published: December 2012

Objective

This study aims to examine whether care management has an effect on adherence to depression treatment in a psychiatric clinic in Korea.

Methods

Fifty‐seven patients with depression aged 60 years or over participated in the study. They were all low‐income patients screened in the community and treated in a psychiatric clinic. The study design was a double‐blind randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 29) or usual care (n = 28) groups. Intervention patients received depression care management for 6 months. Primary endpoint was an increase in remission rate as assessed using the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score at 6 months. Secondary endpoints included improvement in treatment adherence, improvement in health‐related quality of life, and a reduction in feelings of hopelessness.

Results

Patients in the care management intervention group showed a higher remission rate than those in the usual care group (55% vs. 29%, p = 0.0421). Intervention patients were significantly more likely to adhere to the treatment (59% vs. 18%, p = 0.0016). The hopelessness score at the 6‐month assessment was significantly lower in the intervention group than the usual care group (23.5 vs. 25.7, p = 0.0443). However, there was not a significant group difference in the quality of life.

Conclusions

We found that care management not only contributed to reducing depressive symptoms in geriatric patients suffering from depression but also increased the treatment adherence rate, which in turn increased the remission rate. Care management intervention is both feasible and effective in psychiatric clinics in Korea. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Change in winter climate will affect dissolved organic carbon and water fluxes in mid‐to‐high latitude catchments
Authors: Laudon Hjalmar , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Soulsby Chris , Carey Sean , Seibert Jan , Buttle Jim , Shanley Jamie , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , McGuire Kevin
Published: December 2012

There is a growing awareness that mid‐to‐high latitude regions will be strongly affected by climate change. These changes are predicted to be especially pronounced during winter, particularly at higher latitudes. To test how water quality in northern catchments could be affected by warmer winter climates, we assembled long‐term data from eight well‐studied catchments in Sweden, Scotland, Canada and the USA across a climatic gradient spanning from −2 to +9 °C in mean annual temperature and between −11.6 and + 6.1 °C in average winter temperature. We used the climatic gradient combined with inter‐annual variability among catchments to examine how warmer winters could affect the seasonality (seasonal timing) and synchroneity (coupling) of water and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes. In general, sites with colder winters (less than −5 °C) experienced an export concentrated in spring, whereas sites with warmer winters (>0 °C) displayed a more evenly distributed export across all seasons. Catchments with warmer winters also displayed less synchroneity between water and DOC flux during winter compared with colder sites, whereas the opposite was found for the spring. Patterns from the climatic gradient were supported by inter‐annual variability at individual sites where both seasonality and synchroneity in the spring were related to the temperature during the preceding winter. Our findings suggest that one likely consequence of warmer winters in northern regions is that the proportion of the annual DOC and water export will increase during winter and decrease during spring and summer. This is of importance as it is the latter seasons during which downstream utilization of both water and DOC often is largest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Institutional Survey Data to Jump‐Start Your Benchmarking Process
Authors: Chow Timothy K. C.
Published: December 2012

This chapter discusses the use of survey data to determine institutions for competitive benchmarking purposes.
Crisis in the Curriculum? New Counselors' Crisis Preparation, Experiences, and Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Morris Carrie A. Wachter , Minton Casey A. Barrio
Published: December 2012

Professional counselors are responsible for providing crisis assessment, referral, and intervention (Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs, 2009); however, little is known about their preparation and experiences in these areas. This study examined new professional counselors' (N= 193) crisis intervention preparation, crisis intervention self‐efficacy, and crisis intervention experiences. Although participants had limited crisis preparation during their master's programs, most engaged in crisis intervention during their field experiences. Implications for continuing education and counselor education are explored.
Individual and Triadic and Group: Supervisee and Supervisor Perceptions of Each Modality
Authors: Borders L. DiAnne , Welfare Laura E. , Greason Paige B. , Paladino Derrick A. , Mobley A. Keith , Villalba José A. , Wester Kelly L.
Published: December 2012

In this consensual qualitative research study, the authors explored supervisors' (n= 11) and their supervisees' (n= 31) perceptions of individual, triadic, and group supervision sessions during practicum. Data from supervisor individual interviews and supervisee focus‐group interviews revealed several themes regarding the advantages and disadvantages of each supervision modality. Findings suggest the relative place of each modality in terms of goals and impact.
The Ras‐binding domain region of RGS14 regulates its functional interactions with heterotrimeric G proteins
Authors: Zhao Peishen , Nunn Caroline , Ramineni Suneela , Hepler John R. , Chidiac Peter
Published: December 2012

RGS14 is a 60 kDa protein that contains a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain near its N‐terminus, a central region containing a pair of tandem Ras‐binding domains (RBD), and a GPSM (G protein signaling modulator) domain (a.k.a. Gi/o‐Loco binding [GoLoco] motif) near its C‐terminus. The RGS domain of RGS14 exhibits GTPase accelerating protein (GAP) activity toward Gαi/o proteins, while its GPSM domain acts as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) on Gαi1 and Gαi3. In the current study, we investigate the contribution of different domains of RGS14 to its biochemical functions. Here we show that the full‐length protein has a greater GTPase activating activity but a weaker inhibition of nucleotide dissociation relative to its isolated RGS and GPSM regions, respectively. Our data suggest that these differences may be attributable to an inter‐domain interaction within RGS14 that promotes the activity of the RGS domain, but simultaneously inhibits the activity of the GPSM domain. The RBD region seems to play an essential role in this regulatory activity. Moreover, this region of RGS14 is also able to bind to members of the B/R4 subfamily of RGS proteins and enhance their effects on GPCR‐activated Gi/o proteins. Overall, our results suggest a mechanism wherein the RBD region associates with the RGS domain region, producing an intramolecular interaction within RGS14 that enhances the GTPase activating function of its RGS domain while disfavoring the negative effect of its GPSM domain on nucleotide dissociation. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1414–1423, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitive Determination of 2‐Methoxyestradiol in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biological Fluids by KMnO4‐Na2SO3 Chemiluminescence System
Authors: Yao Hanchun , Zhou Jie , Zhang Min , Xu Erjun , Chen Juan , Zhang Zhenzhong
Published: December 2012

A simple and novel flow‐injection chemiluminescence (FI‐CL) method was established for the determination of 2‐Methoxyestradiol (2‐ME) in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. The method was based on the significant enhancement of the CL from the KMnO4‐Na2SO3 reaction by 2‐ME in acidic medium. Under optimized conditions, the CL intensity was correlated linearly with concentration of 2‐ME in the range of 5.0 × 10−8‐5.0 × 10−6 M (r = 0.9995). The detection limit (3σ) of 2‐ME was 7.5 × 10−9 M and the relative standard deviation was 0.8% at 5.0 × 10−7 M 2‐ME (n = 8). The proposed method was successfully applied for the flow‐injection CL determination of 2‐ME in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids with the recoveries from 92.4 to 106.8%. The possible CL reaction mechanism was also discussed briefly.
Effects of PPARγ agonists on the expression of leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer cells
Authors: Terrasi Marianna , Bazan Viviana , Caruso Stefano , Insalaco Lavinia , Amodeo Valeria , Fanale Daniele , Corsini Lidia Rita , Contaldo Clara , Mercanti Anna , Fiorio Elena , Lo Re Giuseppe , Cicero Giuseppe , Surmacz Eva , Russo Antonio
Published: December 2012

The obesity hormone leptin has been implicated in breast cancer development. Breast cancer cells express the leptin receptor and are able to synthesize leptin in response to obesity‐related stimuli. Furthermore, leptin is a positive regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and high levels of both proteins are associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands are therapeutic agents used in patient with Type 2 diabetes and obesity which have recently been studied for their potential anti‐tumor effect. Here, we studied if these compounds, ciglitazone and GW1929, can affect the expression of leptin and VEGF in breast cancer cells. In MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, treatment with submolar concentrations of ciglitazone and GW1929 elevated the expression of leptin and VEGF mRNA and protein, and increased cell viability and migration. These effects coincided with increased recruitment of PPARγ to the proximal leptin promoter and decreased association of a transcriptional factor Sp1 with this DNA region. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1368–1374, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human monocyte‐derived macrophages spontaneously differentiated in vitro show distinct phenotypes
Authors: Eligini Sonia , Crisci Mauro , Bono Elisa , Songia Paola , Tremoli Elena , Colombo Gualtiero I. , Colli Susanna
Published: December 2012

Tissue macrophages are resident phagocytes that acquire specific phenotypes according to the microenvironment. Morphological and functional heterogeneity has been evidenced in different homeostatic and pathological conditions. Indeed, the nature of macrophage subsets may have either harmful or beneficial functions in disease progression/resolution. Therefore the possibility to pharmacologically manipulate heterogeneity represents a relevant challenge. Since human tissue macrophages are not easily obtained, various in vitro models are currently used that do not adequately reflect the heterogeneity and plasticity of tissue macrophages. We had previously reported that two dominant and distinct macrophage morphotypes co‐exist in the same culture of human monocytes spontaneously differentiated for 7 days in autologous serum. The present study was aimed to the phenotypic characterization of these morphotypes, that is, round‐ and spindle‐shaped. We observed that, besides substantial differences in cytoskeleton architecture, round monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) showed higher lipid content, increased macropinocytosis/efferocytosis capacity, and overexpression of CD163, interleukin (IL)‐10, and transforming growth factor (TGF) β2. Conversely, spindle MDMs exhibited enhanced respiratory burst and higher expression of the chemokine (C‐C motif) ligands 18 and 24 (CCL18 and CCL24). Overall, round MDMs show functional traits reminiscent of the non‐inflammatory and reparative M2 phenotype, whereas spindle MDMs exhibit a pro‐inflammatory profile and express genes driving lymphocyte activation and eosinophil recruitment. MDMs obtained in the culture condition herein described represent a valuable model to disentangle and manipulate the functional heterogeneity of tissue macrophages that has been disclosed in scenarios spanning from inflammatory and wounding responses to atherosclerotic lesions. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1464–1472, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth of v‐src‐transformed cells in serum‐free medium through the induction of growth factors
Authors: DeAngelis Tiziana , Quong Andrew , Morrione Andrea , Baserga Renato
Published: December 2012

The v‐src oncogene is one of only two oncogenes capable of transforming mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking the IGF‐IR gene (R‐cells). R‐/v‐src cells grow robustly in the absence of serum, suggesting the hypothesis that they may produce one or more growth factors that would sustain their ability to proliferate in serum‐free condition. Using proteomic approaches on serum‐free conditioned media derived from v‐src‐transformed cells, we have identified two growth promoting factors: ostepontin and proliferin. Subsequent experiments have indicated that osteopontin plays a prevalent role in promoting growth of v‐src‐transformed cells in serum‐deprived condition. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1482–1486, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preliminary studies on the electrochemical recovery of Zn and Cd from effluent produced by a zinc refinery plant using a filterpress reactor
Authors: González Pérez Omar , Castro Larragoitia Sergio , Rodríguez‐Torres Israel
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND

Fundamental studies are reported investigating the electrochemical deposition of cadmium and zinc contained in solutions from a zinc electro‐refining plant. This work also analyzes the performance of a filterpress electrochemical reactor used in the recovery of zinc and cadmium from this effluent.

RESULTS

The cathodic polarization curves showed electrochemical processes with mixed control for 304 SS and Al. The cyclic voltammetry studies on stainless steel revealed the presence of metal deposits at low current densities, whereas Zn and Cd were preferentially deposited at high overpotentials. The greatest recovery of cadmium (19%) and zinc (24%) at jap = 4 mA cm‐2 was obtained with a 304 SS cathode and t = 180 min. The SEM micrographs of cathode plates confirmed the presence of cadmium and zinc deposits. In addition, EDS analyses revealed that the composition of such deposits depends on the deposition time and the cathode material.

CONCLUSION

A continuous filterpress electrochemical reactor with 304 SS and Al cathodes exhibited a promising performance level for cadmium and zinc recovery from industrial solutions.
Diffusion‐weighted MRI of the abdomen: Current value in clinical routine
Authors: Schmid‐Tannwald Christine , Oto Aytekin , Reiser Maximilian F. , Zech Christoph J.
Published: December 2012

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high tissue contrast without ionizing radiation exposure and unenhanced images are often diagnostic. Therefore, MRI is especially an attractive tool for patients with allergies for gadolinium‐based contrast agents or renal failure. Technical advantages have led to the increasing use of diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI in abdominal imaging, which provides qualitative and quantitative information of tissue cellularity and the integrity of cellular membranes. This review article presents the current status of noncontrast MRI with the focus of DW‐MRI. Technical background and clinical applications are explained and discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:35–47. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contribution of small‐scale wind generation to primary frequency control
Authors: Nafeh Abdelnasser A. , Rafa Adel H.
Published: December 2012

The connection of small‐scale embedded generation to the grid may influence the frequency and voltage stability of the power system. A load‐frequency control technique for systems with high penetration of small‐scale wind generation is proposed. The proposed controller has been successfully implemented and tested using PSCAD/EMTDC (PSCAD Power System Simulation, HVDC Research Centre, Manitoba, Canada). In this study, the impact of small‐scale wind turbines on frequency stability of the system is studied in detail. This study shows that large penetration of small‐scale wind turbines with load and frequency has a significant impact on the stability and security level of electrical network. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stacking and simultaneous determination of estrogens in water samples byCEwith electrochemical detection
Authors: Li Ping , Zhao Wenjie , Wang Xiaoning , Shi Guoyue , Zhou Tianshu
Published: December 2012

A rapid and sensitive method based on transientITPand field enhancement inCEwith electrochemical detection at copper disk electrode was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of three estrogens: estrone, 17β‐estradiol, and estriol. The effects of several important factors that influence the separation and detection were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the estrogens could be separated in 0.06 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution within 14 min. With transientITPby addition of 0.5%NaCl, a good linear response was obtained for three estrogens from 0.2 to 10 μmol/L, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9993. The detection limits were 8.9 × 10−8, 6.7 × 10−8, and 1.1 × 10−7mol/L (S/N = 3) for estriol, 17β‐estradiol, and estrone, respectively. This method was successfully employed to analyze different water samples from waterworks, tap water, fishpond, and river samples with recoveries in the range of 90.8–108.9%, andRSDs < 4.69%. The satisfied results demonstrated that this method was of convenient preparation, high sensitivity, and good repeatability, which could be applied to the rapid determination of environmental water samples.
Ionic liquids dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and HPLC‐atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of mercury species in environmental waters
Authors: Song Xixi , Ye Mingde , Tang Xuejiao , Wang Chengjun
Published: December 2012

An ionic liquid (IL) based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with HPLC hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method for the preconcentration and determination of mercury species in environmental water samples is described. Four mercury species (MeHg+, EtHg+, PhHg+, and Hg2+) were complexed with dithionate and the neutral chelates were extracted into IL drops using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Variables affecting the formation and extraction of mercury dithizonates were optimized. The optimum conditions found were as follows: IL‐type and amount, 0.05 g of 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; dispersive solvents type and amount, 500 μL of acetone; pH, 6; extraction time, 2 min; centrifugation time, 12 min; and no sodium chloride addition. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of the analytes were 0.031 μg/L for Hg2+, 0.016 μg/L for MeHg+, 0.024 μg/L for EtHg+, and 0.092 μg/L for PhHg+, respectively. The repeatability of the method, expressed as RSD, was between 1.4 and 5.2% (n = 10), and the average recoveries for spiked test were 96.9% for Hg2+, 90.9% for MeHg+, 90.5% for EtHg+, 92.3% for PhHg+, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the speciation of mercury in environmental water samples.
Application of ionic liquid‐based microwave‐assisted extraction of malachite green and crystal violet from water samples
Authors: Gao Zhanqi , Liu Tingfeng , Yan Xiaoju , Sun Cheng , He Huan , Yang Shaogui
Published: December 2012

A simple, environment friendly and efficient technique, ionic liquid‐based microwave‐assisted extraction was first used to determine malachite green and crystal violet (CV) from water samples coupled to HPLC. The key parameters influencing extraction efficiency were investigated, such as the type of ionic liquids, the volume of ionic liquid, extraction time, and so on. Under the optimum conditions, good reproducibility of the extraction performance was obtained (RSD, 1.0% for malachite green (MG) and 5.9% for CV, n = 5). Good linearity (0.10–25 μg L−1) was observed with correlation coefficients between 0.9991 and 0.9964. The detection limits of MG and CV were 0.080 and 0.030 μg L−1, respectively. The proposed method had been successfully applied to determine MG and CV in real water samples with recoveries ranging from 95.4 to 102.8%. Compared with the previous technologies, the proposed method required less extraction time (2 min), and provided lower detection limits and higher enrichment factors. Moreover, there were no volatile and hazardous organic solvents released. Based on these simple, environment friendly, rapid, and highly efficient results, the proposed approach provides a new and promising alternative for simultaneously extracting trace amounts of MG and CV from water.
Photografting as a versatile, localizable, and single‐step surface functionalization of silica‐based monoliths dedicated to microscale separation techniques
Authors: El‐Debs Racha , Dugas Vincent , Demesmay Claire
Published: December 2012

In this work, we developed a surface functionalization way of silica monoliths with a rapid, simple, versatile, and localizable photografting step. The elaboration of a photoreactive layer at the surface of monoliths was first optimized. The functionalization with [γ‐(methacryloyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane at 80°C in a hydro‐organic solution containing triethylamine as catalyst allows reachng the highest density of methacrylate photoactive moieties on silica surfaces. These methacrylate reactive surfaces were subsequently photografted within few minutes with acrylate monomers bearing alkyl chains (C12 and C18). The photografting efficiency was determined by monitoring the retentive properties of monoliths in the RP mode. The retention factors are of the same order of magnitude as highly retentive columns obtained by modification of silica surface with long‐alkyl chain silanes or by thermal polymerization of long‐alkyl chain monomers. It was also verified that such grafting neither impaired the efficiency of the monolithic stationary phase (Hmin = 6–8 μm in nano‐LC) nor its permeability (about 6 × 10−14 m2). Further, it was also demonstrated that photografting is localizable in nonmasked defined areas. Results obtained in anion‐exchange chromatography after photopolymerization of [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride are presented as well to demonstrate the versatility of the developed approach.