bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Chronic Low Back Pain and Disability on Quadriceps Angle - A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Ishaq Shahid , Ahmed Sufian , Shafiq Saad , Amjad Muhammad Samama , Rabia Kaniz , Aslam Javeria , Rahman Abdul
Published: April 2022

Aim: To evaluate the effects of chronic low back pain and disability on quadriceps angle. Methodology: A descriptive mesuremental study was conducted at Department of Physical therapy Bakhtawar Amin memorial Hospiatl Multan. After taking written informed consent 350 Patients of age 20-40 years with chronic low back pain were taken. Patients with congenital deformity, neuromuscular disorder, spinal cord injury, leg length discrepancy and previous history of knee/hip surgery and meniscal/ligamentous tear were excluded. Oswestry disability index questionnaire and numeric pain rating scale were used to check disability level and pain intensity respectively. Q angle was measured using goniometer in supine lying. Results: The association of pain with disability for male and female were 0.69(P<0.00) and0.79 (P<0.04) respectively. Pearson’s correlation of Q angle with pain and disability of right leg were 0.42(P<0.00) and 0.13(P<0.041), and left leg were 0.43(P<0.000 and 0.27(P0.001) of male. Pearson’s correlation in female of Q angle with pain and disability of right leg were 0.54(P< 0.00) and 0.45(P<0.01) and for left leg were 0.57(P<0.00) and 0.49(P<0.00) respectively. Conclusion: positive association of pain, disability and Quadriceps angle with pain and disability were found. It was found more significant in female than male. Keywords: Chronic low back pain, Quadriceps angle, Oswestry Disability Index
Acute Biliary-Pancreatitis: is early Cholecystectomy Safe?
Authors: Abbas Mohammad Hassan , Niazi Noor Ahmed , Nazir Mohtmam , Rashid Haroon-Ur- , Awaisi Sultan Ahmed , Anwer Sajid
Published: April 2022

Aim: To determine the surgical outcome of early cholecystectomy in subjects suffering from acute biliary-pancreatitis. Study design: Descriptive cases-series. Setting & duration: Sheikh Zayed Hospital. Rahim Yar Khan, from 01-01-2018 to 15-10-2018. Methodology: In this study the cases with age > 30 year of either gender that had acute biliary pancreatitis due to background history of gall stones were included. Early cholecystectomy was done and were followed for various surgical outcomes. Results: In this study, 55 cases were enrolled and the mean age of the subjects was 47.51±5.23 years. There were 32(58.19%) female subjects and 8(14.55%) had history of DM and 9(16.36%) had history of HTN. Overall complications were seen in 13(23.64%) of cases with overlapping of more than one. Most common one was prolong length of stay in hospital which was observed in 10(18.18%), followed by prolong surgical duration seen in 5 (9.09%) subjects. Conclusion: Acute biliary pancreatitis followed by early cholecystectomy is not devoid of complications and the most common one is prolong length of hospital stay. Keywords: DM, HTN, Cholecystectomy, hospital stay
Yield of Tibial Lengthening Surgery using NA External Fixator
Authors: Ali Syed Asif , Iqbal Yasir , Anjum Shahzad , Ali Muhammad , Yousafzai Shandana , Khan Muhammad Ikramullah
Published: April 2022

Aim: To determine the yield of tibial lengthening procedure using NA external fixator in our patients at GMC, Gujranwala, and KEMU, Lahore, Pakistan. In addition, this study will also find significant factors associated with success of the NA fixator-assisted lengthening surgery. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis include patients having short tibia who underwent tibial lengthening procedure using NA external fixator. These patients were categorized int two groups: successful lengthening and unsuccessful lengthening procedure groups. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Independent sample T test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis were applied. The p-values were taken statistically significant if < 0.05. Independent sample T test and Chi-square test for independence were used for quantitative and qualitative variables respectively to determine their significant association with the success of the tibial lengthening procedure. The p-values were taken statistically significant if <0.05. Results: Amongst 100 patients, healing occurred, and lengthening achieved in 94% and healing did not occur in 6%. The duration of hospitalization was statistically significantly less among the patients in which lengthening procedure was successful as compared to the patients in which lengthening procedure was not successful (4.83±3.44 days vs 11.00±5.59 days, p<0.01). All 6 patients in which lengthening procedure was not successful got no plaster on fixator removal (p<0.01). The skin reactions to the pins was significantly less among the group of the patients in which lengthening procedure was successful as compared to the group of the patients in which lengthening procedure was unsuccessful (p=0.027). Tibial lengthening procedure was significantly unsuccessful among the patients who received bone grafting during lengthening procedure (p<0.01). Conclusion: The yield of tibial lengthening procedure using NA external fixator was excellent in our studied population. Duration of hospitalization as well as the reaction to pins was significantly higher among the patients in which lengthening procedure was unsuccessful. Similarly, the unsuccessful tibial lengthening procedure was significantly common for the patients who received bone grafting during lengthening procedure. Keywords: Short Tibia, Tibial lengthening surgery, NA external fixator, Yield, SPSS
Aggressiveness of Breast Carcinoma in Young Pre-Menopausal Patients
Authors: Shah Remisha Zahid , Akhtar Zahid Mehmood , Sarfraz Safeena , Hassan Raza Bokhari Syed , Noor Nazia , Lateef Attia
Published: April 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in female population. Aim: To determine and compare the frequency of aggressiveness of breast cancer in pre and post-menopausal patients. Study design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, K.E. Medical University Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: One hundred and fifty female patients diagnosed with breast cancer to assess the aggressiveness of breast cancer in young - premenopausal patients. Post-Surgical Modified Radical Mastectomy specimens were submitted and evaluated for grade, stage, involved lymph nodes, tumor size and metastasis. Results: Sixty four percent of the tumors were left sided and the invasive ductal carcinoma was the most dominant histologic type (96%). Ninety two patients were premenopausal while 58 were post-menopausal. Nodal positivity in patients less than 40 years was more pronounced (74.2% versus 56.8%, p=0.029). Conclusion: Young premenopausal patients represent high risk group for advanced breast cancer. Key words: Breast Cancer, Young, Premenopausal, Post-menopausal, Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Association of Conjunctivitis through Microflora in Optical Lenses Users
Authors: Zia Sohail , Arshad Muhammad Usman , Maqbool Aunaza , Bhatti Rabia Sharif , Iqbal Zamir , Hassan Masud-Ul-
Published: April 2022

Aim: To find the association of conjunctivitis through microflora in optical lenses users. Study design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Ophthalmology, Pakistan Railways Hospital, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: Forty patients were enrolled. Patient’s clinical symptoms, features were examined for conjunctivitis and slit lamp examination was also followed. Swab cultures from optical lenses were taken for conducting various agar v=based cultures for identifying microorganisms presence. Results: There were more males than females with mean age were 25±4.5 years. Clinical examination presented dryness in eyes as highest percentage. The anti-microbial sensitivity showed highest susceptibility pattern for resistance of ampicillin. Various bacterial types showed that highest frequency of Micrococci as 47.5%. Conclusion: A Robust association of conjunctivitis through microflora was found optical lenses users. Key words: Hygiene practices; Microflora; Optical lens users; Conjunctivitis
Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine: A Study of its Postop Analgesic Effects When Used as an Adjuvant in Elective C-Section Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Ali Muhammad Saadat , Aamir Rahila , Zehra Tehzeeb , Fareed Zainab , Rabbani Muhammad Waseem
Published: April 2022

Background: Despite the advances in anesthesiology and surgical techniques, postoperative pain continues to be a global health-care issue. To increase the duration of analgesia during caesarian section under spinal anesthesia, adjuvants are frequently added to improve the quality of block. Aim: To determine the mean post-operative duration of analgesia produced by intrathecal dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine as compared to bupivacaine with placebo in patients undergoing elective caesarean section in spinal anesthesia. Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology and Gynaecology/Obstetrics Operation Theatre, Nishtar Medical University, Multan from 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Sixty patients admitted for elective caesarean section were randomized into two groups. Subarachnoid block was performed in all the patients. Group D received intrathecal Inj. Dexmedetomidine 10 mcg along with the standard bupivacaine dose while group C received 1 ml of 0.9% isotonic saline. Time for requirement of first rescue analgesia, which was provided by Inj. Ketoroloac 30 mg IV noted. Results: The mean post-operative analgesia of Group D and Group C was 270.25±23.81 minutes and 140.46±10.38 minutes, respectively in statistically significant difference( p=0.000). Post stratification was applied to control the effect modifiers like age, BMI, parity and ASA. It was found that in all strata of patients, Dexmedetomidine provided statistically significant difference in analgesia as compared to control group (p=0.000). Conclusion: Standard spinal anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine has a longer duration of post-operative analgesia as compared to standard spinal anesthesia alone. Keywords: Analgesia, Caesarean section, Intrathecal dexmedetomidine, Spinal anesthesia.
Comparison of Angiographic Features of Young and Older Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kakar Abdul Wadood , Muhammad Arz , yar Asfand , Ahmad Aqeel , Ahmed Nadeem
Published: April 2022

Aim: To compare angiographic features of young and older patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Study design: Comparative study Place and duration of study: Dept of Cardiology, Loralai Medical College& Hospital, Loralai from 1-10-2020 to 31-3-2021. Methodology: One hundred patients suffering from stenosis and coronary artery diseases were divided into two groups in accordance with their age. Patients with ≤40 years were placed in group I while those > 40 years were in group II. The demographic and clinical variables were entered. Results: The mean age of group I was 34.4±3.9 years while the mean age of group II was 63.2±8 years. There were more males than females in Group I and Group II respectively. The clinical history of both groups showed that obesity, smoking, high cholesterol and low HDL as main comorbidities in group I and group II. Most of the group I had single vessels CAD (SVCAD) 64% while double and triple vessels disease (DVCAD or TVCAD) incidence was similarly high in group II as 36% Conclusion: There are angiographic variance in young and older adults as number of vessels involved and lesion numbers. Key words: Coronary arterial disease, Angiographic features, Myocardial infarction
Psychosocial Risk Factors Related with Cardiovascular Disease in Pakistani Population
Authors: yar Asfand , Mujtaba Zubaida , Kakar Abdul Wadood , Ahmad Aqeel
Published: April 2022

Aim: To enlist the psychosocial risk factors related with cardiovascular disease. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Cardiology, Loralai Medical College & Hospital, Loralai from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients of cardiovascular diseases were enrolled. Through a well-structured questionnaire psychosocial stress was measured in terms of grading’s and scores. Socio-demographic details were recorded. Results: The majority of patients were females with a mean age of the patients were 54.2±4.5 years. Stress level for the loss of loved ones at moderate grade was 56.6% and severe stress by37.5% of patients for the same. There were 13.3% widow or divorced who felt severe stress related to their marital status and 58% had low grade stress associated with their job. Conclusion: Loss of loved ones, marital stress, financial and job related stress are the main psychosocial factors identified as major risk of cardiovascular disease. Key words: Psychosocial factors, Stress, Cardiovascular diseases
Rezension von: Fischer, Andreas, Karl Martell
Authors: Körntgen Ludger , Fischer Andreas
Published: April 2022

Andreas Fischer, Karl Martell: Der Beginn karolingischer Herrschaft, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2012. 278 S. ISBN 978-3-17-020385-3. € 24,90
Rezension von: DuBois, Fletcher; Gerstner, Hans-Peter (Hrsg.), Comenius in Heidelberg
Authors: Rose Rebecca , DuBois Fletcher , Gerstner Hans-Peter
Published: April 2022

Fletcher DuBois / Hans-Peter Gerstner (Hg.), Comenius in Heidelberg, Student in Heidelberg – Lehrer der Menschheit (Heidelberger Schriften zur Universitätsgeschichte; Bd. 2), Heidelberg: Winter Verlag 2014. 180 S. ISBN 978-3-8253-6216-4. € 25,–
Rezension von: Sturm, Patrick, Leben mit dem Tod in den Reichsstädten Esslingen
Authors: Jörg Christian , Sturm Patrick
Published: April 2022

Patrick Sturm, Leben mit dem Tod in den Reichsstädten Esslingen, Nördlingen und Schwäbisch Hall, Epidemien und deren Auswirkungen vom frühen 15. bis zum frühen 17. Jahrhundert (Esslinger Studien, Schriftenreihe 23), Ostfildern: Thorbecke 2014. 502 S. ISBN 978-3-7995-0538-3. € 29,90
Rezension von: Ruckert, Frederic, Zwangssterilisationen im Dritten Reich 1933–1945
Authors: Rotzoll Maike , Ruckert Frédéric
Published: April 2022

Frederic Ruckert, Zwangssterilisationen im Dritten Reich 1933–1945, Das Schicksal der Opfer am Beispiel der Frauenklinik des Städtischen Krankenhauses und der Hebammenlehranstalt Mainz (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Neue Folge 10), Stuttgart: Steiner 2012. 122 S. mit 7 Abb. und 20 Dokumenten im Anhang. ISBN 978-3-515-10107-3. Brosch. € 28,–
Rezension von: Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.), „Ich glaube an das Alter, lieber Freund“,
Authors: Hahn Joachim , Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg
Published: April 2022

Laupheimer Gespräche 2012, „Ich glaube an das Alter, lieber Freund“, Vom Älterwerden und Alter (nicht nur) im Judentum, hg. vom Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH 2013. 189 S. ISBN 978-3-8253-6185-3. € 14,–
Rezension von: Wanner, Peter (Bearb.), Heilbronn historisch! Entwicklung einer Stadt am Fluss
Authors: Benning Stefan , Wanner Peter
Published: April 2022

Heilbronn historisch! Entwicklung einer Stadt am Fluss, Begleitbuch zu den Ausstellungen im Otto Rettenmaier Haus / Haus der Stadtgeschichte und im Museum im Deutschhof, hg. von Christhard Schrenk und Marc Gundel, bearb. von Peter Wanner, Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Stadtmuseen Heilbronn 2013 (Kleine Schriftenreihe des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn 62, museo – Veröffentlichungen der Städtischen Museen Heilbronn 26/2013). 176 S. ISBN 978-3-940646-11-8. € 10,–
Rezension von: Fritz, Gerhard (Hrsg.), Schwäbisch Gmünd und der Erste Weltkrieg
Authors: Kuhn Daniel , Fritz Gerhard
Published: April 2022

Gerhard Fritz (Hg.), Schwäbisch Gmünd und der Erste Weltkrieg, Schwäbisch Gmünd: einhorn-Verlag 2014. 351 S. ISBN 978-3-95747-012-6. € 16,80
Rezension von: Derschka, Harald, Individuum und Persönlichkeit im Hochmittelalter
Authors: Schwarz Jörg , Derschka Harald
Published: April 2022

Harald Derschka, Individuum und Persönlichkeit im Hochmittelalter, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2014. 270 S. ISBN 978-3-17-025185-4. € 29,90
Rezension von: Rösch, Manfred; Märkle, Tanja (Hrsg.), Kelten, Dinkel, Eisenerz
Authors: Benning Stefan , Rösch Manfred , Märkle Tanja
Published: April 2022

Kelten, Dinkel, Eisenerz – Sieben Jahrtausende Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Enztal, zusammengestellt von Manfred Rösch und Tanja Märkle, hg. vom Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart (Archäologische Informationen aus Baden-Württemberg, Heft 73), Esslingen: Gesellschaft für Archäologie in Württemberg und Hohenzollern 2015. 152 S., 116 meist farb. Abb. ISBN 978-3-942227-22-3. € 8,90
Rezension von: Müsegades, Benjamin, Fürstliche Erziehung und Ausbildung im spätmittelalterlichen Reich
Authors: Auge Oliver , Müsegades Benjamin
Published: April 2022

Benjamin Müsegades, Fürstliche Erziehung und Ausbildung im spätmittelalterlichen Reich (Mittelalter-Forschungen, Bd. 47), Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag 2014. VI, 362 S. ISBN 978-3-7995-4366-8. € 45,–
Rezension von: Kalning, Pamela; Miller, Matthias; Zimmermann, Karin (Bearb.), Die Codices Palatini germanici in der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg
Authors: Brinkhus Gerd , Kalning Pamela , Miller Matthias , Zimmermann Karin
Published: April 2022

Die Codices Palatini germanici in der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg (Cod. Pal. germ 496 – 670), bearb. von Pamela Kalning, Matthias Miller und Karin Zimmermann unter Mitarbeit von Lennart Güntzel (Kataloge der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg 11). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2014, 668 S. ISBN 978-3-447-10146-2. € 168,–
Rezension von: Gehrlach, Andreas, Diebe
Authors: Fritz Gerhard , Gehrlach Andreas
Published: April 2022

Andreas Gehrlach, Diebe. Die heimliche Aneignung als Ursprungserzählung in Literatur, Philosophie und Mythos, Paderborn: Wilhelm Fink Verlag 2016. 413 S. ISBN 978-3-7705-6000-4. € 54,–
Rezension von: Brather, Sebastian; Dendorfer, Jürgen (Hrsg.), Grenzen, Räume und Identitäten
Authors: Rückert Peter , Brather Sebastian , Dendorfer Jürgen
Published: April 2022

Grenzen, Räume und Identitäten. Der Oberrhein und seine Nachbarregionen von der Antike bis zum Hochmittelalter, hg. von Sebastian Brather und Jürgen Dendorfer (Archäologie und Geschichte, Freiburger Forschungen zum ersten Jahrtausend in Südwestdeutschland, Bd. 22). Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag 2017. 587 S., zahlr. Abb. ISBN 978-3-7995-7372-6. Geb. € 73,–
Rezension von: Armer, Stephanie, Friedenswahrung, Krisenmanagement und Konfessionalisierung
Authors: Lang Stefan , Armer Stephanie
Published: April 2022

Stephanie Armer, Friedenswahrung, Krisenmanagement und Konfessionalisierung. Religion und Politik im Spannungsfeld von Rat, Geistlichen und Gemeinde in der Reichsstadt Ulm 1554 – 1629 (Forschungen zur Geschichte der Stadt Ulm, Bd. 35), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2015. 500 S., 6 Abb. ISBN 978-3-17-029871-2. € 49,–
Rezension von: Beyer, Burkhard, Praktische Tipps für die Edition landesgeschichtlicher Quellen
Authors: Kretzschmar Robert , Beyer Burkhard
Published: April 2022

Burkhard Beyer, Praktische Tipps für die Edition landesgeschichtlicher Quellen (Materialien der Historischen Kommission für Westfalen, Bd. 15), Historische Kommission für Westfalen, Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe 2018. 80 S.; https://www.lwl.org/hiko-download/HiKo-Materialien_015_(2018 – 03).pdf (letzter Abruf: 04.12.2018)
Rezension von: Graber, Tom; Kälble, Mathias (Bearb.), 1248 – 1264
Authors: Mammola Sarah , Graber Tom , Kälble Mathias
Published: April 2022

Die Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen, Bd. 5: 1248 – 1264, bearb. von Tom Graber und Mathias Kälble (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae I, Abt. A), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2017. LXXVIII, 504 S. ISBN 978-3-447-10916-1. € 148,–
Estudio comparativo fitoquímico y actividad antioxidante del epicarpio de la (carica papaya) variedad hawaiana y tainung
Authors: Corozo Marquez Jennifer Anthonella , Zuñiga Tapia Ahsly Briggitte
Published: April 2022

La cáscara de Carica papaya genera desperdicio que se convierte en contaminación ambiental la cual afecta a la población. Una papaya Hawaiana tiene un peso de 453,6 gramos la cáscara de este fruto pesa 56,67 gramos lo cual representa un 30% de desperdicio; en cuanto a la variedad Tainung un fruto maduro tiene un peso promedio de 1814.37 gramos, la cáscara de este fruto pesa 198.447 gramos lo cual representa 40% de desperdicio. Situación que amerita un estudio de la composición química y las actividades terapéuticas que podrían representar. El desequilibrio entre la actividad antioxidante y los radicales libres, está relacionado con el estrés oxidativo; por ende, el consumo de frutas y vegetales aportan importantes antioxidantes para el organismo. Este trabajo de titulación tiene como objetivo determinar los metabolitos secundarios y la actividad antioxidante del epicarpio de la Carica papaya, Hawaiana y Tainung mediante tamizaje fitoquímico preliminar y método espectrofotométrico. Para lo cual se procedió a determinar los metabolitos secundarios y presentaron en la variedad Tainung alcaloides, fenoles, flavonoides y saponinas y la variedad Hawaiana alcaloides, fenoles, flavonoides y saponinas a continuación se cuantificaron los polifenoles totales por el método Folin Ciocalteu, la variedad Tainung dio como resultado 0,86% y la variedad Hawaiana dio 0,70%. La actividad antioxidante se determinó por el método DPPH donde la variedad tainung dio como resultado IC 50 (Ac. Gálico) 137.86 mg/ml - IC 50 (Ac. Ascórbico) 22.24 mg/ml y la variedad Hawaiana presentó como resultado IC 50 (Ac. Gálico) 130.20 mg/ml - IC 50 (Ac. Ascórbico) 21.00mg/ml.
Addressing the Impact of Animal Abuse: The Need for Legal Recognition of Abused Pets as Sentient Victims of Domestic Violence in Australia
Authors: Kotzmann Jane , Bagaric Mirko , Wolf Gabrielle , Stonebridge Morgan
Published: April 2022

Awareness of the incidence and impact of domestic violence has increased in recent decades, along with community and legal recognition of the interests of animals. However, streams of jurisprudence addressing these issues have only partially influenced one another. While in most Australian jurisdictions, animal cruelty can constitute domestic violence, abused companion animals have not been accorded the legal status of victims. This article proposes introducing laws that recognise such animals as sentient victims of domestic violence. This would enable courts to make orders protecting these animals, which would safeguard their welfare and ensure that people with whom they live who are also experiencing domestic violence can escape without worrying about the fate of their animals. Further, it would convey the seriousness of animal cruelty, and might increase support for and awareness of programs for re-homing abused animals, and training of people involved with animals to identify and report animal abuse.
Rancang Bangun Acwh Berkapasitas 60 Liter Memanfaatkan Pipa Kapiler Bersirip Sebagai Penghantar Panas
Authors: Siregar Candra A , Siregar A M , Affandi Affandi , Amri Ulil
Published: April 2022

Air conditioners (AC) and water heaters have become common needs in households and the hotel industry. This shows that the need for electric power is increasing. To reduce electricity consumption which is high enough. Engineering technology needs to be done for air conditioning as well as water heating. This engineering is called ACWH (Air Conditioner Water Heater). The way the ACWH system works is to utilize the wasted heat from the AC system to heat water with the addition of a fin heat exchanger, where the heat exchanger is designed to utilize the energy already in the system. This study used experimental research methods by testing at temperatures of 16, 18 ?, and 20 ? AC. The test results showed that the finned shell helical coil type heat exchanger was able to produce a water temperature of 55 ? in the test with an AC temperature of 18 ?.
Desain Controling Pengaman Arus Lebih Berbasis Arduino
Authors: Fahreza M
Published: April 2022

Transformator atau trafo adalah alat listrik melalui gandengan magnet memindahkan daya listrik dari suatu rangkaian ke rangkaian lainya dengan frekuensi yang sama. Tegangan dapat dinaikan atau diturunkan sesuai dengan besar kecilnya arus yang mengalir dalam rangkaian. Transformator digunakan secara luas, baik dalam bidang tenaga listrik maupun elektronika. Penggunaan transformator dalam sistem tenaga listrik yaitu untuk menaikkan tegangan dari pembangkit listrik, untuk di transmisikan. Transformator juga dipakai untuk menurunkan tegangan listrik akan di distribusikan. Tenaga listik mempunyai peranan penting bagi kehidupan seharihari bagi semua orang, namun kebutuhan tenaga listrik saat ini sering mengalami kendala-kendala akibat pengguna tenaga listrik terlalu berlebihan yang dapat mengakibatkan overload tegangan sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan pada trafo distribusi yang telah disiapkan oleh PLN, kerusakan yang terjadi pada trafo distribusi diakibatkan penggunaan listrik yang berlebih.Sistem detektor arus berlebih sangat membantu untuk mengamankan trafo distribusi dari beban yang berlebih. Keunggulan alat detektor arus berlebih adalah Penyampaian informasi penggunaan arus pada saat beban sudah 90% yang dikirim dengan menggunakan sms gateway. Detektor arus menggunakan sistem yang dapat diseting beban maksimal penggunaannya. Saat beban sudah lebih dari nilai settingan maka alat akan memutuskan beban agar trafo tidak rusak. Dengan alat detektor arus berlebih ini digunakan Arduino UNO sebagai contoh dari sensor arus dan relay beban dan menggunakan sms gateway yang digunakan sebagai media yang dapat mengirim sms informasi.
Analisa Numerik Pengaruh Diameter Lubang Berperforasi Rusuk V Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Pada Saluran Segiempat
Authors: Umurani K , Muharnif M , Siregar A M
Published: April 2022

Dalam saluran pendingin internal pada sudu turbin gas, struktur rusuk banyak digunakan untuk menambah perpindahan panas konvektif dengan aliran fluida pendingin yang melewati permukaan berusuk. Penelitian ini berkonsentrasi pada rusuk V berperforasi dengan lubang lurus pada saluran pendingin dengan penampang persegi panjang, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui karaketristik perpindahan panas dan penurunan tekanan pada saluran segiempat dengan rusuk V berperforasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara analisa numerik  dengan model k-? digunakan dalam studi numerik untuk simulasi medan aliran. Saluran uji memiliki penampang persegi panjang 320 mm  x 120 mm lebar. Laju kecepatan aliran udara bervariasi mulai dari 0,2 m/s, 0,4 m/s, 0,8 m/s 1 m/s, 5m/s,10m/s, 15 m/s dan 20m/. Kontruksi rusuk, tinggi rusuk 10 mm, pitch 50mm rusuk padu dan variasi rusuk berlubang dengan diameter lubang 2mm,3mm,4mm,5mm. Pada rezim aliran laminar dan transisi belum terlihat secara nyata pengaruh dari konfigurasi rusuk padu maupun rusuk  berlubang terhadap perpindahan panas. Tetapi untuk aliran turbulen memberikan pengaruh lebih besar perpindahan panas antara rusuk padu dengan rusuk yang berlubang koefisien perpindahan panas meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya bilangan Reynold. Pada rezim aliran laminar yaitu 500 < Re < 1300 penurunan tekanan pada rusuk padu lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rusuk berlubang. Pada rezim aliran transisi 2700 < Re < 3700 dan aliran turbulen 20.000 < Re < 80.000 penurunan tekanan untuk konfigurasi rusuk padu lebih tinggi dibandingkan rusuk dengan lubang.
Studi Proteksi Sistem Tenaga Listrik Pada Trafo 1600 kVA Menggunakan Current Relay IWU 2-3
Authors: Nasution E S , Pasaribu F I , Hidayat M H
Published: April 2022

Seiring dengan perkembangan jaringan sistem tenaga yang dari waktu ke waktu semakin besar maka diperlukan cara-cara yang lebih efektif yang bisa di gunakan untuk memproteksi sistem dari gangguan. Sistem proteksi pertama yang dilakukan untuk mengamankan sistem adalah dengan menggunakan sekering. Kemudian disusul dengan menggunakan rele beban lebih ataupun tegangan kurang yang kemudian diikuti oleh  berkembangnya sistem proteksi dengan rele arus lebih. PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia KIM 2 Medan, mendapatkan suplai dari PLN dengan kapasitas daya listrik 4670 kVA yang terdiri dari 5 buah trafo 1600 kVA. Masing-masing trafo dipasang Over Current Relay (OCR) sebagai proteksi trafo terhadap gangguan jalur distribusi sisi sekunder unit trafo. Setting rele saat ini 4A, Dengan kapasitas trafo 1600 kVA pada tegangan primer sebesar 20.000 kV dan tegangan sekunder 400 Volt, dipasang sebuah OCR (Over current relay) yang digunakan untuk memproteksi trafo dari gangguan short circuit antar fasa yang terdapat pada beban berkapasitas 827,385 kW. Pada jalur sisi sekunder trafo yang terhubung ke beban dipasang sebuah CT (Current Transformer) dengan ratio 2500:5 dan CB (Circuit Breaker) dengan nilai In sebesar 1500 A. Dari hasil perhitungan di atas terlihat bahwa data yang ada di lapangan masih dalam kondisi yang sesuai, sehingga dapat di simpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan seting OCR yang ada di lapangan masih dalam kondisi baik
Correlation of vitamin D with clinical, biochemical and anthropometrical parameters of PCOS patients
Authors: Khanam Deeba , Singh Bhoomika , Khan Tamkin
Published: April 2022

Objective: To find correlation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels with various clinical biochemicals, anthropometric parameters in patients of PCOS. Study design: Cross-sectional observational study. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynaecological dept. of Jawaharlal Lal Nehru medical college, AMU, Aligarh, for a period of 2 years, 2018-2020. A total number of 100 PCOS patients satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Frequency of Vit-D deficiency in study group was estimated. Correlation of Vit-D levels with various clinical, anthropometrical, biochemical parameters was evaluated. Based on Vit –D levels the study population was divided in to Vit-D deficient and non-deficient individuals and Paired sample t-test was used to assess changes in quantitative variables. Pearson product moment co-relation analysis was used to see correlation among different variables. Qualitative variables were interpreted using Chi square test. Statistical analysis was performed using computer program SPSS version 25.0. Observations and Results: The results of 100 PCOS patients were analysed. Vit-D deficiency was found in 74% of PCOS population. Vitamin D correlated inversely with LH, FSH Prolactin and Testosteron levels (r=-0.213, p<0.05,r=-0.176;p>0.05,r=-0.101;p>0.05; r = 0.246, p<0.01).)Though significant correlation was found with LH and testosteron only.
systematic review of mobile health adoption factors for Iraqi Healthcare Institutions
Authors: TahaYaseen Ali , Ahmad Abdul Rahim , Gunasekaran Saraswathy Shamini
Published: April 2022

The advancement of new technologies, particularly information technology (IT), has a significant influence on healthcare as well as the quality of life. Mobile health is becoming increasingly important in healthcare. However, previous research on this area has been primarily anecdotal, scattered, and speculative. This study includes a comprehensive evaluation of mobile health implementations worldwide, as well as reporting on results such as difficulties, variables and advantages connected with mobile health adoption. However, as described in the literature, the adoption of this sophisticated innovation is a challenging undertaking; hence, careful thought and preparation to all critical elements that impact the adoption process through stakeholders is essential. The purpose of this research is to assess the factors that impact the adoption of mobile health frameworks in healthcare organizations. The study employed a non-experimental research exploratory research design. This exploratory study includes an important secondary data inquiry. The creation of an investigation and the modeling using secondary data in order to emphasize the research's ultimate conclusions. Through a review of the literature on existing frameworks for mobile health adoption, it was discovered that healthcare institutions in Iraq require ongoing attention in order to obtain government support.
Polymorphic light eruption
Authors: Manthale Nagendra , Raikar Dayanand. R. , Raikar Shrinivas. R. , Raikar Shankar. R. , Raikar Dattanand. R.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is the most common photodermatoses encountered in clinical practice. It is an idiopathic acquired disorder in which a delayed response to Ultraviolet radiation occurs in the form of skin eruptions consisting of papules, vesicles or plaques over the sun exposed and rarely on partially covered areas, distribution is generally symmetrical. Diagnosis is clinical and histo-pathological features vary according to age of lesions sampled. Objective: To study clinical pattern of Polymorphic Light Eruption and Histo-Pathological Correlation Methods: The present study is a hospital based observational study, conducted over a period of one year. A total of 70 cases including male and female patients presenting with history of photosensitivity or with clinical manifestations related to photosensitivity were enrolled. All patients underwent clinical and systemic examination followed by routine and histo-pathological investigations. The findings were recorded in proforma for analysis and interpretation of data. Follow-up was done to know the prognosis of the patients. Results: The study shows that females are more affected than males with a ratio of 1:2.33 and the maximum incidence in the age group of 11-20 years and minimum in the age group of 51-60 years.
Evaluation of Apriori, FP growth and Eclat association rule mining algorithms
Authors: Srinadh V
Published: April 2022

Association rule mining means to discover the guidelines which empower us to anticipate the event of a particular thing dependent on the events of different things in the exchange. Incessant thing set mining prompts the disclosure of affiliations and connections among things in enormous value-based or social informational collections. With monstrous measures of information constantly being gathered and put away, numerous enterprises are becoming keen on mining such examples from their data sets. The disclosure of intriguing connection connections among immense measures of deal records can help in numerous business dynamic cycles, for example, inventory configuration, cross-advertising, and client shopping conduct examination. In this we assess diverse sort of calculations like Apriori, FP Growth and Eclat calculation for affiliation decide mining that deals with regular thing sets. Affiliation rule mining between various things in enormous scope data set is a significant information mining issue. We assess these calculations by considering different elements like number of exchanges, least help, memory utilization and execution time. Assessment of calculations is created dependent on exploratory information, which give end.
Genetic variability of the S gene of chronic hepatitis B virus in Baghdad
Authors: Almahdawi Musaab A. , Saleh Mahmood K. , Al-Waysi Safaa A. A.
Published: April 2022

A total of 240 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus were included in the study, including 124 men and 116 females ranging in age from 6 to 78 years, PCR was used to amplify the Hepatitis B viral gene segment. There were only 26 positive samples for PCR amplification of a gene HBV S with strong positive bands submitted for sequencing. The NCBI BLASTn engine showed about 98% to 99% sequences similarities between the sequenced samples and the intended reference target sequences. By comparing the observed nucleic acid sequences of these investigated samples with the retrieved nucleic acid sequences (GenBank acc. MK840532.1), the details of its sequences were highlighted, and the total length of the amplified amplicons was also determined, the alignment results of the 548 bp samples revealed the presence of ten nucleic acid variations represented by ten nucleic acid substitutions in the analyzed samples in comparison with the most similar referring reference nucleic acid sequences (GenBank acc. no. MK840532.1), Our results indicated the presence of ten nucleic acid variants observed in the investigated samples, namely 163C>T, 184T>C, 210T>C, 217C>A, 274A>G, 310T>C, 336G>A, 346G>A, 372A>T, and 405A>C.
Identifying the impact of a technology-oriented strategy on the organizational performance of the banking system
Authors: Shaham Hoda , Radfar Reza
Published: April 2022

The current research was conducted with the objective of identifying the effect of a technology-oriented strategy on the organizational performance of a banking system in Bank Tejarat. Regarding its objective, the present research is an applied study. Also, data collection was survey-oriented and cross-sectional, then the study was of survey-oriented correlational research. The statistical population of the study consisted of 532 Bank Tejarat employees in west Tehran branches. According to the Cochran's formula, 223 subjects were considered as the sample required for a population of 532 subjects. These individuals were selected using simple stratified sampling. For data collection, a standard questionnaire developed by Hao and Song (2015) and Miller (1996) was used. The research instrument validity was evidenced through divergent, convergent and content validities. The research instrument reliability was also verified via Cronbach's alpha coefficient, shared reliability and combined reliability. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software. The results showed that technology-oriented strategy had a positive and significant effect on the organizational performance of the banking system (0.505). Also, both market-based strategy (0.560) and technology-oriented strategy (0.519) had a positive and significant effect on the organization performance.
Validated UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Sorafenib Tosylate in bulk and nanoparticles
Authors: Kale Sangita A. , Shaikh Karimunnisa S.
Published: April 2022

It was noticed from the standard databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc. that a limited UV-Vis spectrophotometric method has been reported for estimating Sorafenib (SOR), but no sophisticated analytical methods have been ever reported in any database for estimating SOR in nanoparticles. The present research involved the establishment of an economic, accurate, robust, and precise analytical method for the quantitative determination of SOR in bulk and nanoparticles utilizing a new validated spectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric analysis was carried out using double-beam  ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was employed in developing a new method using methanol and water at a ratio of 80:20 v/v and λmax of 265 nm. The technique was verified using the Q2A and Q2B guidelines of ICH. The newly developed UV-Vis method had desired linearity over the range of 2-12 μg/mL; along with excellent precision, accuracy, ruggedness, and robustness characteristics as observed from % RSD values of less than 2. The present study concluded that the developed UV-Vis method has desired linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, and robustness, and will serve as an excellent technique for the determination of sorafenib in both bulk and nanoparticles without the interference of commonly used chemicals or solvents.
Ultrahypofractionation in Larger Breast size, a single institute feasibility study
Authors: Salem Mona , Ali Ahmad S. , Attia Hanaa , Lasheen Shaimaa
Published: April 2022

Background: After the standardization of adjuvant moderately hypofractionated whole reast radiotherapy (HF-WBRT) over 15-16 fractions, with the favorable long-term results of the K-FAST trial and with the uncertainty about the safety in large breast sizes. We tested the easibility of using once-weekly HF-WBRT over 5-weeks in patients with larger breast sizes. Patients and Methods: In this prospective phase-II study, patients with early breast cancer with breast size>500cc, after breast conservative surgery (BCS), received radiotherapy at a dose of 28.5Gy in 5 once-weekly fractions. Patients were categorized according to the breast size to medium and large. The primary endpoints were assessment of acute skin-toxicity and patients` quality of life (QoL); secondary endpoints were late skin and subcutaneous-tissue toxicity and cosmetic score. Results: Twenty-nine patients were recruited. The median duration of follow-up was 24-months. The mean tumor size was 2.1cm and 96.5% were node negative. Following radiotherapy, 96.5% had G0-2 acute skin-toxicity, all patients had G0-1 late skin-toxicity. Regarding cosmesis 91.7% of patients had Excellent-Good cosmetic score. No significant correlation was found between the breast size and the acute and late toxicities. The QoL was maintained during follow-up. Conclusion: The protocol showed acceptable toxicity profile regardless of the breast size.
Risks and Benefits of HRT Versus ERT in Order to Separate HRT from ERT
Authors: Onwude Joseph Loze
Published: April 2022

Aim: While the benefits of Hormone Replace Therapy (HRT) and Estrogen Replace Therapy (ERT) might overlap, their risks have to be separated particularly with regard to breast cancer. The risks of HRT are mainly Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Breast cancer. The main risk of ERT is the incidence of strokes which can be avoided by not using an oral estrogen but an Intra-uterine contraceptive but reducing the risk of endometrial cancer in women with a womb. Methods: Studies that randomized peri-menopausal and menopausal women to either HRT or ERT versus placebo and one study that included similar women followed up prospectively for the incidence of the development of Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD). Results: The significant risks of HRT included CHD, stroke and pulmonary embolism. The risk of breast cancer only really existed after long term follow-up [(annualized incidence, 0.45% vs 0.36%; Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.28)]. The significant risks of ERT only included strokes. There was a lower risk of breast cancer in the long term [HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62–0.95; p=0.02]. Conclusions: In women with a uterus, where HRT instead of ERT is mandated, the oral progestogen of HRT can be replaced by intrauterine device loaded with a Progestogen. Similarly, the oral Estrogen of HRT and ERT can be replaced by Estrogen sources like the patch, gel or implants that bypass the liver and bypass potential problems like strokes and pulmonary embolism.
IFA Utilization and Factors Associated with IFA Utilization Among Pregnant Women Attending ANC at Government Health Facilities and Family Guidance Clinic in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia
Authors: Fanta Amanuel
Published: April 2022

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world, and most prevalent in women of reproductive age. Iron supplementation is a common strategy currently used to control iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia in developing countries. However, it is not clear whether women actually ingest the supplements. Objectives: To assess IFA utilization and factors associated with IFA utilization among pregnant women attending ANC at government health facilities and family guidance clinic in Hawassa city, South Ethiopia. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional survey was conducted in March /2015. Sample size is determined by using single and double population proportion. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select study units. Data was collected by trained unemployed diploma nurses using a pretested structured questionnaire. It was cleaned and checked for completeness and then entered in to Epi-info 3.2.2 and exported to SPSS 16.o software for analysis. Predictors were found out using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 412 pregnant women who came to attend ANC at least for the second time were interviewed in seven health facilities. Our study showed that 333 (81%, 95% CI: 77.2−84.8) pregnant women reported taking IFA supplement and compliance was 37.7% (95% CI: 32.5-42.9). In multivariable analysis, side effects and low acceptance of the supplement were significantly associated with high compliance to IFA supplementation (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a better level of compliance towards IFA supplementation compared to other national data. Pregnant women should be counseled regarding how to manage the side of IFA supplement during ANC. Further research has to be done on the acceptability of the supplements.
The Relationship of Hematological Parameters with Metabolic Syndrome in Type 1 and Type 2 Psoriasis
Authors: DAYE Munise , TEMİZ Selami Aykut
Published: April 2022

Objective: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory disease with a rate of 2% in the population, with periods of remission and exacerbation. Psoriasis has been accepted as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is known to be closely related to metabolic syndrome. It is known that the mean platelet volume (MPV), the platelet distribution width (PDW), the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) levels are parameters predicting systemic inflammation. Studies have found that some of these parameters can be used to predict metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis. In the literature, there is no study showing the relationship between the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) and hematological parameters by evaluating type 1 and type 2 psoriasis separately.

Materials and Methods: A total of 186 participants were included in the study, 93 patients over 18 years of age with psoriasis diagnosed and 93 age and gender equivalent control groups, who applied to the dermatology clinic.

Results: While PDW was significantly different between psoriasis and control group, RDW was significantly different in the type 2 psoriasis group compared to the type 1 psoriasis group. Although MPV, RDW, and PDW were higher in the MS groups for both type 1 and type 2 psoriasis groups, and they did not create a statistically significant difference in any of them.

Conclusions: This study showed that the frequency of MS and related parameters were different between patients with type 1 and type 2 psoriasis, and we found that type 2 psoriasis was more associated with MS. In addition, we think that among the inflammatory parameters, especially RDW, may be an important marker for type 2 and type 1 psoriasis and comorbidities.
Thyroid dysfunction coexistence in patients with acute and subacute deep vein thrombosis
Authors: COŞKUN SUNGUR Elif , ALTINAY Levent , BUYUKATES Mustafa , AKTUNÇ Erol
Published: April 2022

Objective: Coagulation anomalies in patients with thyroid dysfunction may vary from subclinical disorders in laboratory tests to life threatening thrombotic events or bleeding. We aimed to determine the effect of thyroid dysfunction on thrombophilia in patients with acute and subacute deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Materials and Methods: A number of 30 patients with the diagnosis of DVT between November 2015 and June 2016 included in this case - control study. The patients divided into two groups as provoked (with known ethiology, n = 13) and unprovoked (with un-known ethiology, n = 17) patients. Provoked patients group divided as the patients with acquired risk factors (predisposition) and/or the patients with genetic risk factors.

Results: The difference of the rate of the thyroid dysfunction between the provoked and unprovoked groups was not significant (p=0.844). The PAI – 1 gene mutation was detected in 70% of the study cohort and none of the patients had prothrombin gene mutation. The most provocative factors for DVT were male gender and undergoing a major surgery in the last three months.

Conclusions: There was no correlation between acute – subacute DVT and thyroid dysfunction in this study. Therefore, we think that the ‘provocative factors’ may support the relation of thyroid dysfunction and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We think that more studies with larger cohorts and prospective should be conducted about this subject.