bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Controlled Trial of Sheng-Yu-Tang for Post–Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Leukemia Patients: A Proposed Protocol and Insights From a Preliminary Pilot Study
Authors: Fleischer Tom , Chang Tung-Ti , Chiang Jen-Huai , Yen Hung-Rong
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has become a well-established treatment for hematologic disorders including acute leukemia. However, long-term survival rates following this procedure are still extremely low, due to posttransplantation relapse, infections, and graft-versus-host disease. We propose that adjunctive Chinese herbal medicine may benefit posttransplantation patients. In preparation for a randomized clinical trial, we conducted a pilot trial. Methods and Analysis: Between September 2015 and June 2017, 18 patients were consecutively enrolled at China Medical University Hospital and followed for up to 1 year. Fresh blood samples were obtained on a monthly basis, and immune reconstitution was analyzed. In addition to the standard-care treatment administered by their oncologist, a number of patients also received a Chinese herbal formula (Sheng-Yu-Tang) for up to 6 months. Results were used to improve on study protocol and estimate required sample size for a future randomized trial. Ethics and Dissemination: Study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of China Medical University Hospital (DMR-105-005), and all participants provided informed consent.
A fuzzy logic navigation controller implemented in hardware for an electric wheelchair
Authors: Rojas Mario , Ponce Pedro , Molina Arturo
Published: February 2018

In this article, we present an obstacle avoidance controller implemented in a field programmable gate array for an electric wheelchair. It is based on a traditional approach with ultrasonic sensors and fuzzy logic. Various tests were conducted to characterize the prototype and to evaluate the controller performance. The results showed that the system is able to acquire data from sensors and make decisions 46.16 times per second. The sensors’ coverage extends 3 m to the front, rear, left, and right sides of the wheelchair; moreover, the sensors detect 0.95-cm diameter objects at 40 cm. The power consumption was evaluated, and it was found that the hardware architecture reduces the battery life by only 0.87%. Furthermore, the controller helped to navigate in confined areas, avoiding obstacles with cautious movements and decreasing the likelihood of collision. The proposed methodology uses data from eight sonars distributed around the wheelchair to make navigation decisions, besides the hardware-based architecture guarantees real-time control and on-time response.
The Value of Orthodontics: Do Parents’ Willingness-to-Pay Values Reflect the IOTN?
Authors: Vernazza C.R. , Anderson L. , Hunter A.I. , Leck H.C. , O’Connor S.D. , Smith G.R. , Stokes R.J. , Rolland S.L.
Published: February 2018

Given the limited evidence about the benefits of orthodontic treatment, many health care systems have rationed access to orthodontic care, with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) being one tool used to attempt to allocate resources based on need. However, it is not clear whether patient and public valuations of different levels of need (as described by the IOTN) reflect the resource allocation decisions. The aim of this project was therefore to determine the values parents placed on correction of malocclusions at different IOTN levels using the willingness-to-pay (WTP) technique. In total, 401 parents of children attending hospital-based orthodontic clinics in the North of England were recruited to complete a questionnaire eliciting WTP for the correction of seven malocclusions with different IOTN scores. In addition, demographic and orthodontic history characteristics were collected. Results were analyzed with appropriate pairwise significance tests and regression. A significant difference in WTP was noted between all the possible pairs of malocclusions with the exception of overjets with moderate versus great need of treatments. At moderate levels, correction of crowding was valued less than overjet, but this was reversed at great need levels. Very little of the variance in WTP was explained by the variables collected. When looking at factors affecting percentage difference between values for different pairs of malocclusions, in general, no factors predicted the magnitude of difference. Median valuations for correction of malocclusions varied significantly for different levels of need (as judged by IOTN), with increasing levels of need generating higher values. However, there was a limited effect of demographic or orthodontic characteristics on the magnitude of percentage difference in values for correcting malocclusions at different levels of need.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by dental policy makers to determine how much resource should be allocated to orthodontic services for different malocclusions. They can also inform clinicians about the relative demand for treating different malocclusions, which may aid shared decision making.
Effect of donor characteristics on haploidentical transplantation with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide
Authors: McCurdy Shannon R. , Zhang Mei-Jie , St. Martin Andrew , Al Malki Monzr M. , Bashey Asad , Gaballa Sameh , Keesler Daniel A. , Hamadani Mehdi , Norkin Maxim , Perales Miguel-Angel , Reshef Ran , Rocha Vanderson , Romee Rizwan , Solh Melhem , Urbano-Ispizua Alvaro , Waller Edmund K. , Fuchs Ephraim J. , Eapen Mary
Published: February 2018

Key Points

The effect of donor age on survival is negated by the effect of patient age. Survival did not differ between sibling and offspring donor transplantation.
Comparison of different staging methods for COPD in predicting outcomes
Authors: Huang Tang-Hsiu , Hsiue Tzuen-Ren , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Liao Xin-Ming , Su Po-Lan , Chen Chiung-Zuei
Published: February 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly staged according to the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1% pred), but other methods have been proposed. In this study we compared the performance of seven staging methods in predicting outcomes.

We retrospectively studied 296 COPD outpatients. For each patient the disease severity was staged by separately applying the following methods: the criteria proposed by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), quartiles of FEV1% pred and z-score of FEV1, quartiles and specified cut-off points of the ratio of FEV1over height squared ((FEV1·Ht−2)Aand (FEV1·Ht−2)B, respectively), and quartiles of the ratio of FEV1over height cubed (FEV1·Ht−3) and of FEV1quotient (FEV1Q). We evaluated the performance of these methods in predicting the risks of severe acute exacerbation and all-cause mortality.

Overall, staging based on the reference-independent FEV1Q performed best in predicting the risks of severe acute exacerbation (including frequent exacerbation) and mortality, followed by (FEV1·Ht−2)B. The performance of staging methods could also be influenced by the choice of cut-off values. Future work using large and ethnically diverse populations to refine and validate the cut-off values would enhance the prediction of outcomes.
Impact of immunosuppression on incidence, aetiology and outcome of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Moreau Anne-Sophie , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Povoa Pedro , Salluh Jorge , Rodriguez Alejandro , Thille Arnaud W. , Diaz Santos Emilio , Vedes Elisa , Lobo Suzana Margareth , Mégarbane Bruno , Molero Silvero Esperanza , Coelho Luis , Argaud Laurent , Sanchez Iniesta Rafael , Labreuche Julien , Rouzé Anahita , Nseir Saad
Published: February 2018

The aim of this planned analysis of the prospective multinational TAVeM database was to determine the incidence, aetiology and impact on outcome of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) in immunocompromised patients.

All patients receiving mechanical ventilation for >48 h were included. Immunocompromised patients (n=663) were compared with non-immunocompromised patients (n=2297).

The incidence of VA-LRTI was significantly lower among immunocompromised than among non-immunocompromised patients (16.6%versus24.2%; sub-hazard ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.53–0.80; p<0.0001). Similar results were found regarding ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (7.3%versus11.6%; sub-hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.45–0.84; p=0.002) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (9.3%versus12.7%; sub-hazard ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.95; p=0.019). Among patients with VA-LRTI, the rates of multidrug-resistant bacteria (72%versus59%; p=0.011) and intensive care unit mortality were significantly higher among immunocompromised than among non-immunocompromised patients (54%versus30%; OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.78–4.02; p<0.0001). In patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia, mortality rates were higher among immunocompromised than among non-immunocompromised patients (64%versus34%; p<0.001).

Incidence of VA-LRTI was significantly lower among immunocompromised patients, but it was associated with a significantly higher mortality rate. Multidrug-resistant pathogens were more frequently found in immunocompromised patients with VA-LRTI.
microRNA-193a stimulates pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis through modulating TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings
Authors: Fang Chi , Dai Chen-yun , Mei Zhu , Jiang Ming-jie , Gu Dian-na , Huang Qian , Tian Ling
Published: February 2018

Background

Pancreatic cancer characterizes high recurrence and poor prognosis. In clinical practice, radiotherapy is widely used for pancreatic cancer treatment. However, the outcome remains undesirable due to tumor repopulation and following recurrence and metastasis after radiation. So, it is highly needed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and accordingly develop therapeutic strategies. Our previous studies revealed that dying cells from chemoradiation could stimulate repopulation of surviving pancreatic cancer cells. However, we still knew little how dying cells provoke pancreatic cancer cell repopulation. We herein would explore the significance of TGF-β2 changes and investigate the modulation of microRNA-193a (miR-193a), and identify their contributions to pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis.

Methods

In vitro and in vivo repopulation models were established to mimic the biological processes of pancreatic cancer after radiation. Western blot, real-time PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays were accordingly used to detect miR-193a and TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings at the level of molecular, cellular and experimental animal model, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis, wound healing and transwell assay, vascular endothelial cell penetration experiment, and bioluminescence imaging were employed to assessthe biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer after different treatments. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mice models were established to evaluate the therapeutic potential of miR-193a antagonist on pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis after radiation.

Results

miR-193a was highly expressed in the irradiated pancreatic cancer dying cells, accordingly elevated the level of miR-193a in surviving cells, and further promoted pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. miR-193a accelerated pancreatic cancer cell cycle and stimulated cell proliferation and repopulation through inhibiting TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII/SMADs/E2F6/c-Myc signaling, and even destroyed normal intercellular junctions and promoted metastasis via repressing TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII/ARHGEF15/ABL2 pathway. Knockdown of miR-193a or restoration of TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signaling in pancreatic cancer cells was found to block pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis after radiation. In PDX models, the treatment in combination with miR-193a antagonist and radiation was found to dramatically inhibit pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis, and further improved the survival after radiation.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that miR-193a stimulated pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis through modulating TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings, and miR-193a might be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis.
Correction to: The action of herbal medicine on the libido: aspects of nutritional intervention in increasing sexual desire
Authors: da Cruz Amanda Cássia , Guerra Natália Gonçalves , de Souza Kerolayne Esper Barão Pacelhe , de Castro Eleutério Izabella , da Silva Leidhaiane Custódia , Otoni Elaine Gomes , Alves Michelle Rosa Andrade , Regis Wiliam César Bento
Published: February 2018

Correction to: Nutrire (2017) 42:29 DOI: 10.1186/s41110-017-0051-0

The original version of this article [1], published on 5 November 2017, contains a mistake. The abbreviation “NO” has been incorrectly translated as “nitrous oxide”. The correct translation is “nitric oxide”. A list of the affected text parts is given below. The corrected terminology is marked in bold.
The Effects of Doctoral Teaching Development on Early-Career STEM Scholars’ College Teaching Self-efficacy
Authors: Connolly Mark R. , Lee You-Geon , Savoy Julia N.
Published: February 2018

To help prepare future faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to teach undergraduates, more research universities are offering teaching development (TD) programs to doctoral students who aspire to academic careers. Using social cognitive career theory, we examine the effects of TD programs on early-career STEM scholars’ sense of self-efficacy as postsecondary teachers. In 2011, a survey questionnaire was administered to 2156 people who in 2009 were doctoral students in STEM departments at three U.S. research universities; 1445 responded (67%). Regression analysis revealed positive relationships between TD participation and participants’ college teaching self-efficacy and positive interaction effects for women. These findings may be used to improve the quality and quantity of TD offerings and help them gain wider acceptance.
Hockley Fault revisited: More geophysical data and new evidence on the fault location, Houston, Texas
Authors: Saribudak Mustafa , Ruder Michal , Van Nieuwenhuise Bob
Published: February 2018

Ongoing sediment deposition and related deformation in the Gulf of Mexico cause faulting in coastal areas. These faults are aseismic and underlie much of the Gulf Coast area including the city of Houston in Harris County, Texas. Considering that the average movement of these faults is approximately 8 cm per decade in Harris County, there is a great potential for structural damage to highways, utility infrastructure, and buildings that cross these features. Using integrated geophysical data, we have investigated the Hockley Fault, located in the northwest part of Harris County across Highway 290. Our magnetic, gravity, conductivity, and resistivity data displayed a fault anomaly whose location is consistent with the southern portion of the Hockley Fault mapped by previous researchers at precisely the same location. Gravity data indicate a significant fault signature that is coincident with the magnetic and conductivity data, with relatively positive gravity values observed in the downthrown section. Farther north across Highway 290, the resistivity data and the presence of fault scarps indicate that the Hockley Fault appears to be offset to the east, which has not been previously documented. The publicly available LiDAR data and historical aerial photographs of the study area support our geophysical findings. This important geohazard result impacts the mitigation plan for the Hockley Fault because it crosses and deforms Highway 290 in the study area. The nonunique model of the gravity and magnetic data indicates strong correlation of a lateral change in density and magnetic properties across the Hockley Fault. The gravity data differ from the expected signature. The high gravity observed on the downthrown side of the fault is probably caused by the compaction of unconsolidated sediments on the downthrown side. There is a narrow zone of relative negative magnetic anomalies adjacent to the fault on the downthrown side. The source of this magnetization could be due to the alteration of mineralogies by the introduction of fluids into the fault zone.
Trends in Insurance Status Among Patients Diagnosed With Cancer Before and After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Moss Haley A. , Havrilesky Laura J. , Zafar S. Yousuf , Suneja Gita , Chino Junzo
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) aimed to increase insurance coverage through key provisions such as expansion of Medicaid eligibility and enforcement of an individual mandate. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the ACA on insurance rates among patients newly diagnosed with colon, lung, or breast cancer.

Methods:

Using the SEER database, patients younger than age 65 years diagnosed with colon, lung, or breast cancer between 2008 and 2014 were identified. Insurance rates were examined before versus after passage of the ACA (2011) and before (2011 to 2013) versus after (2014) Medicaid expansion in nine expansion states and five nonexpansion states. Difference-in-differences models were used to estimate the differential impact of ACA in expansion compared with nonexpansion states.

Results:

A total of 414,085 patients with known insurance status were diagnosed with colon, lung, or breast cancer between 2008 and 2014. For all cancer types, there was a significant increase in patients enrolled in Medicaid after 2011 in expansion states. Between 2011 to 2013 and 2014, in patients living in states with Medicaid expansion, the uninsured rates decreased by ≥ 50% among patients with a new diagnosis of lung and colon cancer (6.5% in 2011 to 2013 to 3.1% in 2014 and 6.8% in 2011 to 2013 to 3.4% in 2014, respectively; P < .001); the uninsured rate decreased to a lesser degree for patients with breast cancer (2.7% in 2011 to 2013 to 1.6% in 2014; P < .001). This decrease in the rate of uninsured patients was absent in patients living in nonexpansion states.

Conclusion:

The ACA resulted in expanded insurance coverage for patients diagnosed with colon, lung, and breast cancer. However, the impact was only observed in states that increased their Medicaid eligibility.
A novel reporter allele for monitoringDll4expression within the embryonic and adult mouse
Authors: Herman Alexander M. , Rhyner Alexander M. , Devine W. Patrick , Marrelli Sean P. , Bruneau Benoit G. , Wythe Joshua D.
Published: February 2018

Canonical Notch signaling requires the presence of a membrane bound ligand and a corresponding transmembrane Notch receptor. Receptor engagement induces multiple proteolytic cleavage events culminating in the nuclear accumulation of the Notch intracellular domain and its binding to a transcriptional co-factor to mediate gene expression. Notch signaling networks are essential regulators of vascular patterning and angiogenesis, as well as myriad other biological processes. Delta-like 4 (Dll4) encodes the earliest Notch ligand detected in arterial cells, and is enriched in sprouting endothelial tip cells. Dll4 expression has often been inferred by proxy using a lacZ knockin reporter allele. This is problematic, as a single copy of Dll4 is haploinsufficient. Additionally, Notch activity regulates Dll4 transcription, making it unclear whether these reporter lines accurately reflect Dll4 expression. Accordingly, accurately defining Dll4 expression is essential for determining its role in development and disease. To address these limitations, we generated a novel BAC transgenic allele with a nuclear-localized β-galactosidase reporter (Dll4-BAC-nlacZ). Through a comparative analysis, we show the BAC line overcomes previous issues of haploinsufficiency, it recapitulates Dll4 expression in vivo, and allows superior visualization and imaging. As such, this novel Dll4 reporter is an important addition to the growing Notch toolkit.
The long and the short of it – a perspective on peptidergic regulation of circuits and behaviour
Authors: Jékely Gáspár , Melzer Sarah , Beets Isabel , Kadow Ilona C. Grunwald , Koene Joris , Haddad Sara , Holden-Dye Lindy
Published: February 2018

Neuropeptides are the most diverse class of chemical modulators in nervous systems. They contribute to extensive modulation of circuit activity and have profound influences on animal physiology. Studies on invertebrate model organisms, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, have enabled the genetic manipulation of peptidergic signalling, contributing to an understanding of how neuropeptides pattern the output of neural circuits to underpin behavioural adaptation. Electrophysiological and pharmacological analyses of well-defined microcircuits, such as the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, have provided detailed insights into neuropeptide functions at a cellular and circuit level. These approaches can be increasingly applied in the mammalian brain by focusing on circuits with a defined and identifiable sub-population of neurons. Functional analyses of neuropeptide systems have been underpinned by systematic studies to map peptidergic networks. Here, we review the general principles and mechanistic insights that have emerged from these studies. We also highlight some of the challenges that remain for furthering our understanding of the functional relevance of peptidergic modulation.
Characterization of the molecular crosstalk within the essential Grc3/Las1 pre-rRNA processing complex
Authors: Pillon Monica C. , Sobhany Mack , Stanley Robin E.
Published: February 2018

Grc3 is an essential well-conserved eukaryotic polynucleotide kinase (PNK) that cooperates with the endoribonuclease Las1 to process the preribosomal RNA (rRNA). Aside from being dependent upon Las1 for coordinated kinase and nuclease function, little is known about Grc3 substrate specificity and the molecular mechanisms governing kinase activity. Here we characterize the kinase activity of Grc3 and identify key similarities and differences between Grc3 and other polynucleotide kinase family members. In contrast to other PNK family members, Grc3 has distinct substrate preference for RNA substrates in vitro. By disrupting conserved residues found at the Grc3 kinase active site, we identified specific residues required to support Grc3-directed Las1-mediated pre-rRNA cleavage in vitro and in vivo. The crosstalk between Grc3 and Las1 ensures the direct coupling of cleavage and phosphorylation during pre-rRNA processing. Taken together, our studies provide key insight into the polynucleotide kinase activity of the essential enzyme Grc3 and its molecular crosstalk with the endoribonuclease Las1.
Περί της Πρεσβυτικής Πολιτείας (Μια άποψη από την ελληνική αρχαιότητα)
Authors: Μακρυδημήτρης Αντώνης
Published: February 2018

Δεν διατίθεται
Intraocular pressure elevation precedes a phagocytosis decline in a model of pigmentary glaucoma
Authors: Dang Yalong , Waxman Susannah , Wang Chao , Shah Priyal , Loewen Ralitsa T. , Loewen Nils A.
Published: February 2018

Background: Outflow regulation and phagocytosis are key functions of the trabecular meshwork (TM), but it is not clear how the two are related in secondary open angle glaucomas characterized by an increased particle load. We hypothesized that diminished TM phagocytosis is not the primary cause of early ocular hypertension and recreated pigment dispersion in a porcine ex vivo model.

Methods: Sixteen porcine anterior chamber cultures received a continuous infusion of pigment granules (Pg), while 16 additional anterior chambers served as controls (C). Pressure transducers recorded the intraocular pressure (IOP). The phagocytic capacity of the trabecular meshwork was determined by fluorescent microspheres.

Results: The baseline IOPs in Pg and C were similar (P=0.82). A significant IOP elevation occurred in Pg at 48, 120, and 180 hours (all P<0.01, compared to baseline). The pigment did not cause a reduction in TM phagocytosis at 48 hours, when the earliest IOP elevation occurred, but at 120 hours onward (P=0.001 compared to C). This reduction did not result in an additional IOP increase at 120 or 180 hours compared to the first IOP elevation at 48 hours (P>0.05).

Conclusions: In this porcine model of pigmentary glaucoma, an IOP elevation occurs much earlier than when phagocytosis fails, suggesting that two separate mechanisms might be at work.
A comparison of computationally predicted functional metagenomes and microarray analysis for microbial P cycle genes in a unique basalt-soil forest
Authors: LeBrun Erick S. , Kang Sanghoon
Published: February 2018

Here we compared microbial results for the same Phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycle genes from a GeoChip microarray and PICRUSt functional predictions from 16S rRNA data for 20 samples in the four spatially separated Gotjawal forests on Jeju Island in South Korea. The high homogeneity of microbial communities detected at each site allows sites to act as environmental replicates for comparing the two different functional analysis methods. We found that while both methods capture the homogeneity of the system, both differed greatly in the total abundance of genes detected, as well as the diversity of taxa detected. Additionally, we introduce a more comprehensive functional assay that again captures the homogeneity of the system but also captures more extensive community gene and taxonomic information and depth. While both methods have their advantages and limitations, PICRUSt appears better suited to asking questions specifically related to microbial community P as we did here. This comparison of methods makes important distinctions between both the results and the capabilities of each method and can help select the best tool for answering different scientific questions.
The use of digital infrastructure and telematic systems for urban passenger transport
Authors: Власов Владимир , Vlasov Vladimir , Ефименко Дмитрий , Efimenko Dmitriy , Богумил Вениамин , Bogumil Veniamin
Published: February 2018

The manual gives the concept of digital infrastructure of urban passenger transport and shows its role as a technological basis for modern control systems for urban passenger transport, discusses the creation and use of elements of digital infrastructure in urban passenger transport in Russia. The technological processes of automated management of urban transport, as well as the requirements for the main functions and characteristics of thematic equipment of urban passenger transport vehicles are considered in detail.
The material of the manual is based on the results of theoretical research and practical work on the creation and implementation of automated control systems for urban passenger transport in Russian cities.
Revenue Management Delivers Significant Revenue Lift for Holiday Retirement
Authors: Kuyumcu Ahmet , Yildirim Utku , Hyde Amber , Shanaberger Scott , Hsiao Kai , Donahoe Sheila , Wu Shamim , Murray Melanie , Maron Matthew B.
Published: February 2018

Holiday Retirement (Holiday), the second-largest senior-housing operator in the United States, has over 300 facilities and an annual revenue of approximately $1 billion. Holiday partnered with Prorize to replace its outdated pricing model with a new revenue management system to increase revenue and improve customer satisfaction. Holiday’s previous inconsistent pricing structure resulted in continual price negotiations between corporate and local staff, and between local staff and customers, and led to revenue loss and negative customer experiences. By implementing an innovative revenue management system similar to those traditionally used in the travel and hospitality industries, Holiday has increased its revenue from new rentals by $88 million, or approximately nine percent, since it fully deployed the state-of-the-art system in 2014.
Discrete-Event Simulation Modeling Unlocks Value for the Jansen Potash Project
Authors: Bouffard Sylvie C. , Boggis Peter , Monk Bryan , Pereira Marianela , Quan Keith , Fleming Sandra
Published: February 2018

BHP plans to enter the bulk fertilizer market by developing its first potash operation, the Jansen Potash Mine, in Saskatchewan, Canada. In conjunction with Amec Foster Wheeler, the Jansen project team developed a model of the Jansen production and logistics chain to understand the drivers of production capacity. The Detailed Integrated Capacity Estimate model (DICE) is a comprehensive discrete-event simulation model of Jansen’s upstream production (mining, hoisting, and ore processing) and downstream logistics (rail, port, and marketing). DICE provides an unprecedented combination of complexity, granularity, and scalability, which informs ore storage capacities, product sizing infrastructure, critical-equipment redundancies, bypasses, and operational practices. The team used DICE during the prefeasibility study of the Jansen project. The model provided the justification for the removal of about $300 million in capital expenses to equip the second of two hoisting shafts, the reduction of planned maintenance, and the increase of the degree of mining automation. Throughout the prefeasibility study, Jansen’s annual production in stage 1 of operations was estimated to increase by 15–20 percent, with two-thirds of this gain credited to DICE. This potential additional production added $500 million to the net present value of Jansen stage 1. In consideration of this, among other factors, the BHP board of directors approved the transition of the Jansen project from a prefeasibility to a feasibility study.
Assessment and management of adult spinal deformities
Authors: Afolayan John O , Shafafy Roozbeh , Maher Mark , Moon Kyung H , Panchmatia Jaykar R
Published: February 2018

Adult spinal deformity is a complex condition, increasing in prevalence, and occurring in a patient population in which it poses unique challenges. This review provides an overview of adult spinal deformity with a particular focus on its clinical evaluation, radiological assessment and classification, reviewing the current literature and amalgamating this with the authors' clinical experience.
Analysing orthotic designs for de Quervain's disease based on in vivo gliding distance of extensor pollicis brevis tendon
Authors: Ishii Seiji , Sairyo Koichi
Published: February 2018

Background/Aims:

To reconsider orthotic designs used for de Quervain's disease based on in vivo information obtained from ultrasound images.

Methods:

The hands (n=40) of 20 healthy adult men and women participants with no history of thumb injury or deformation were examined. A two-dimensional tissue tracking system was used to quantitatively measure in vivo gliding distance in the extensor pollicis brevis tendon during thumb interphalangeal joint autonomic movement while wearing a thumb spica orthosis.

Findings:

Results revealed anatomical variations in the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis tendon in 9 (22.5%) hands. A septum was noted in the first dorsal compartment of the extensor tendon in 23 (57.5%) hands. Multiple comparison testing of gliding distance across four groups, classified by the presence or absence of anatomical variations and/or septa using Tukey's test, revealed significant differences for gliding distance between groups with and without anatomical variations, regardless of whether septa were observed (p=0.01).

Conclusions:

It is necessary to evaluate physical characteristics such as septa and anatomical variations based on advanced screening with ultrasound examinations before considering thumb fixation range for patients in the acute inflammation phase or those exhibiting recurrence of de Quervain's disease.
Dance therapy for Parkinson's disease: A randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Rocha Priscila , Aguiar Lorenna , McClelland Jodie A , Morris Meg E
Published: February 2018

Background/Aims:

To examine the feasibility of two dance programmes for people with Parkinson's disease directed towards improving mobility, balance, gait, and quality of life.

Methods:

A pilot randomised controlled trial was conducted in Australia. People with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who scored I–IV on the modified Hoehn and Yahr scale were randomly allocated to one of two groups: Argentine tango or mixed-genre (incorporating several dance styles) therapeutic dancing. Dance classes were conducted for 1 hour, once a week for 8 weeks. Concurrently, participants completed a home dance programme. They received a video with 40 minutes of dance steps to be performed at home once a week. In-person group classes comprised a 10-minute warm-up, 45 minutes of dancing routines, and a 5-minute cool-down. Feasibility was the primary outcome, quantified by the number of people agreeing to participate, completion of pre- and post-intervention assessments, attendance, compliance with the classes, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes included mobility, balance, gait, motor disability, and quality of life.

Findings:

A total of 42 people were screened and 21 participated in the classes. Of these, 18 returned for reassessments. The average compliance with the eight group dance classes was 70% (six classes). No adverse events occurred. Among the secondary outcome variables, statistically significant improvements occurred in mobility, balance, and motor disability in the tango group. Freezing of gait improved for the mixed-dance group.

Conclusions:

Argentine tango and mixed-genre therapeutic dancing classes accompanied by home programmes are feasible and safe for people in the early to mid stages of Parkinson's disease.
Reliability and validity of lumbar disc height quantification methods using magnetic resonance images
Authors: Abdollah Vahid , Parent Eric C. , Battié Michele C.
Published: February 2018

Disc height has been a focus of research on disc degeneration and low back pain (LBP). However, choosing an appropriate method to quantify disc height remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability and construct validity of disc height quantification methods. Repeated semi-automatic measurements of L4–5 and L5–S1 discs were obtained from 43 T2-weighted mid-sagittal 3T magnetic resonance (MR) images of 22 subjects with LBP (43±13 years), blinded to prior measurements. Heights were calculated with area-based methods (using 60%, 80% and 100% of the disc width), and point-based methods (Hurxthal’s, Dabbs’ and combining the two). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were estimated. Construct validity was assessed using correlation coefficients. Intra-rater ICC(3,1) of the area-based disc height measurements ranged from 0.84 to 0.99 with an inter-rater ICC(2,1) of 0.99. Measurements with point-based methods had lower intra- and inter-rater reliability ranging between 0.76 and 0.96 and between 0.84 and 0.98, respectively. Inter-rater SEM varied between 0.2 and 0.3 mm for area-based methods and between 0.3 and 0.7 mm for point-based methods. Excluding Dabbs’, high correlations (r>0.9) were observed between methods. Area-based height measurements using partial disc width demonstrated excellent reliability and construct validity and outperformed point-based methods.
Plasma midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) concentrations and their biological determinants in a reference population
Authors: Krintus Magdalena , Kozinski Marek , Braga Federica , Kubica Jacek , Sypniewska Grazyna , Panteghini Mauro
Published: February 2018

Background:

Midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) is emerging as a prognostic biomarker for detecting the failure of multiple organs. Establishment of scientifically robust reference intervals facilitates interpretation of laboratory test results. The objectives of this study were (i) to establish reliable reference intervals for plasma MR-proADM using a commercially available automated fluoroimmunoassay in apparently healthy individuals, and (ii) to identify biological determinants of MR-proADM concentrations.

Methods:

A total of 506 questionnaire-identified apparently healthy adults were enrolled in a single-center, cross-sectional study. A final reference group (n=172) was selected after exclusion of obese individuals, those with increased values of laboratory biomarkers indicating asymptomatic myocardial injury or dysfunction, ongoing inflammation, diabetes, dyslipidemia and renal dysfunction and outliers.

Results:

The 2.5th and 97.5th percentile intervals for MR-proADM values in the reference group (90% confidence interval) were 0.21 (0.19–0.23) and 0.57 (0.55–0.59) nmol/L, respectively. Although older age, higher values of HbA1c, C-reactive protein, B-type natriuretic peptide and body mass index, together with a history of smoking and a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly associated with increasing concentrations of MR-proADM in both univariate and multivariate analyses, magnitudes of these relationships were modest and did not substantially influence MR-proADM reference intervals. Sex-dependent difference in MR-proADM reference intervals was not detected [0.19 (0.16–0.22)–0.56 (0.54–0.60) nmol/L in females vs. 0.22 (0.20–0.25)–0.58 (0.57–0.63) nmol/L in males].

Conclusions:

Our study successfully established robust reference intervals for MR-proADM concentrations in plasma. Considering the negligible influence of potential biological determinants on plasma MR-proADM, we recommend the adoption of single reference intervals for adult population as a whole.
Review of hydrogen-assisted cracking models for application to service lifetime prediction and challenges in the oil and gas industry
Authors: Traidia Abderrazak , Chatzidouros Elias , Jouiad Mustapha
Published: February 2018

The present manuscript reviews state-of-the art models of hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) with potential for application to remaining life prediction of oil and gas components susceptible to various forms of hydrogen embrittlement (HE), namely, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), sulfide stress cracking (SSC), and HE-controlled stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Existing continuum models are compared in terms of their ability to predict the threshold stress intensity factor and crack growth rate accounting for the complex couplings between hydrogen transport and accumulation at the fracture process zone, local embrittlement, and subsequent fracture. Emerging multiscale approaches are also discussed, and studies relative to HE in metals and especially steels are presented. Finally, the challenges that hinder the application of existing models to component integrity assessment and remaining life prediction are discussed with respect to identification of model parameters and limitations of the fracture similitude, which paves the way to new directions for further research.
Metaphyseal corner fracture caused in utero by external cephalic version – a rare presentation
Authors: Gowda Sushmith Ramakrishna , Vecsei Ferenc Attila , Fairhurst Joanna , Aarvold Alexander
Published: February 2018

Metaphyseal corner fractures (MCFs) in infants are strongly associated with inflicted injuries. These fractures occur due to shearing forces and involve the chondro-osseous junction in skeletally immature bones. We present the unique case of a MCF of the distal femur caused in utero by external cephalic version (ECV). The illustration of this case links the mechanism to the injury. It is critical for this mechanism to be understood to prevent an erroneous diagnosis of child abuse.
Innovative intelligent technology of distance learning for visually impaired people
Authors: Samigulina Galina , Shayakhmetova Assem , Nuysuppov Adlet
Published: February 2018

The aim of the study is to develop innovative intelligent technology and information systems of distance education for people with impaired vision (PIV). To solve this problem a comprehensive approach has been proposed, which consists in the aggregate of the application of artificial intelligence methods and statistical analysis. Creating an accessible learning environment, identifying the intellectual, physiological, psychophysiological characteristics of perception and information awareness by this category of people is based on cognitive approach. On the basis of fuzzy logic the individually-oriented learning path of PIV is con- structed with the aim of obtaining high-quality engineering education with modern equipment in the joint use laboratories.
Effect of man-made disturbances on understory plant richness of oak forests in Iran
Authors: Rad Javad Eshaghi , Valadi Gelare , Zargaran Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of disturbance degree on the species richness and species diversity of oak forests in the Kurdistan Province (Iran). The study ran on three treatments: undisturbed, moderately disturbed, and highly disturbed. For each treatment, there were selected three forest patches with similar physiographic conditions and on each patch there were specified three 400 m2 plots for recording floristic data. The species’ name and the abundance of herbaceous species were recorded on 5 micro plots sized 1.5 × 1.5 m for each sample. Menhinick, Margalef, the number of species indices and also rarefaction, jackknife methods and species abundance distribution models were used to estimate the herbaceous species richness for the three treatments. The results showed that all the richness indices had the highest values for the undisturbed forests and the lowest values for the highly disturbed ones. Based on all models, undisturbed forests were showed more diverse than highly disturbed area. Generally the negative impact of human activities (wood cutting and grazing) on the herbaceous species richness was found much stronger in the highly disturbed forests and in moderately disturbed forests compared the undisturbed ones. With increasing destruction intensity, the herbaceous species richness in the oak forests decreased dramatically.
Drought and frost tolerance in rhododendron collection of the Mlyňany Arboretum (Slovakia): a screening for future climate
Authors: Ferus Peter , Hoťka Peter , Konôpková Jana
Published: February 2018

Rhododendrons are jewels of the Mlyňany Arboretum, Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IFE SAS). Blossoming in May, they attract thousands of visitors. But recently these woody plants have much suffered from climatic extremes such as summer droughts and winter frosts, associated with the advancing climate change. To assess the rhododendron collection’s stability, its drought and frost injury level were tested in field, in summer 2015 and winter 2017, respectively. The tested parameters were: leaf wilting and electrolyte leakage combined with shrub leaf area, insolation level and overall health state. We found that the drought effect was strong or very strong in only ca. 30% rhododendron species and ca. 10% rhododendron cultivars, and that around 60% shrubs showed no or only moderate symptoms of water deficit. The drought injury level was only associated with the genotype. The most tolerant / sensitive genotypes, commonly occurring in the park, were: R. catawbiense, R. ponticum, R. smirnowii, cv. ‘Boursault’, cv. ‘Cunningham’s White’ and cv. ‘Purpureum Elegans’ / R. fortunei and cv. ‘Tamarindos’. On the other hand, the most frequent response to frost in the observed rhododendron genotypes was moderate injury (28 and 37% for species and cultivars, respectively), nevertheless more than 18% species and almost 6% cultivars exhibited strong frost damage. Despite absence of significant differences in the factor-response between the species, we may suggest this decreasing sequence of the genotypes ordered according to their frost resistance: genotypes: cv. ‘Cunningham’s White’ > R. decorum > R. fortunei and cv. ‘Duke of York’ > R. smirnowii > cvs. ‘Purpureum Elegans’ and ‘Tamarindos’ > R. macrophyllum and cv. ‘Nova Zembla’ > R. catawbiense > R. ponticum. These results have been compared with similar works in rhododendron species/cultivars as well as suggested species drought/frost tolerance derived from climatic conditions in the area of their natural distribution.
Body volume in ground beetles (Carabidae) reflects biotope disturbance
Authors: Langraf Vladimír , Petrovičová Kornélia , David Stanislav , Ábelová Monika , Schlarmannová Janka
Published: February 2018

Changes in body size of living organisms can indicate changes in environmental quality. The family Carabidae is frequently used as an indicator of environmental status. We collected ground beetles in 9 Slovakian localities (in the Veporské vrchy Mts and the Juhoslovenská kotlina Basin) of various levels of disturbance, and evaluated the volume of individuals. The lowest average body volumes of individual were found for an intensively grazed pasture (locality 5) and a nitrophilous waterside vegetation (locality 6) (1,298 mm3–4,648 mm3) with predominantly macropterous species. We have confirmed the significantly higher average biovolume value of individual Carabidae in less disturbed habitats: a Picea abies plantation (locality 1), a Carpathian oak-hornbeam forest (locality 4) and a Carpathian turkey oak forest (locality 7) (from 9,837 mm3 to 13,038 mm3), where apterous and brachypterous species dominated.
Density profiles of novel kraft pulp and TMP based foam formed thermal insulation materials observed by X-ray tomography and densitometry
Authors: Lecourt Michael , Pöhler Tiina , Hornatowska Joanna , Salmén Lennart , Jetsu Petri
Published: February 2018

X-ray tomography and densitometry (XRT and XRD) were applied to characterise wood fibre based insulation materials, which were produced by the foam forming technology. XRT is a high resolution approach with long measurement times of around 29 h, while XRD measurement needs only a few minutes. The determination of density distribution of boards in the thickness direction was the focus of this study. Both approaches visualised well the impact of raw materials and manufacturing processes on the structure of the panels. The density profiles were dependent on the pulp applied for panel production, and the processing conditions were also influential. Air flow resistance correlated with the maximum density measured inside the board. Both XRT and XRD revealed similar trends, which are useful for the characterisation of insulation materials.
Application of V2G and G2V Coordination of Aggregated Electric Vehicle Resource in Load Levelling
Authors: Jain Prateek , Jain Trapti
Published: February 2018

This paper proposes a distinct vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) coordination model to utilize the controllability of electric vehicle (EV) battery storage system during the charging and discharging phases for load levelling. The aspect of the vehicles of changeable locations is taken as the basis to obtain a defined mobility pattern, with home and work being selected as the operational places to perform G2V and V2G activities. The presented approach assisted in achieving peak shaving and valley filling (MW) of a typical two-peak daily load curve of a real system to a considerable extent, thereby levelling the load and reducing the complexities associated with the forecasting and dispatch of the oscillating load. The reduction in the ramp up and ramp down energy and reserve requirements (MW), as well as the cost savings associated with reduced generation ramping commitments, as seen from system operator’s perspective, is quantified with the proposed schemes. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of flattening a realistic amount of load. The associated cost savings with reduced ramping requirements from traditional sources can be allocated to participating vehicles for providing the grid services. The benefits derived can encourage their adoption which is contained due to its expensiveness in the current market scenario, apart from increasing the grid reliability.