bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competencias digitales para el Sumak Kawsay: domesticación tecnológica desde una conciencia ecológica
Authors: Lara Lara Fernando
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo propone una aproximación al significado de las competencias digitales que señala la UNESCO (2008) según la cultura educativa que propone el Sumak Kawsay en Ecuador desde 2008. Si ya el concepto de competencias digitales presenta dificultad en su definición, la contextualización que exige la cultura política y educativa de este país hispanoamericano, demanda de una reflexión sobre la significación cultural que debería perseguir ante una legislación educativa que plantea un discurso moderno que defiende entre otros principios esenciales, el ecológico. A través de la hermenéutica normativa se discuten problemáticas actuales en su desarrollo, y se proponen claves esenciales para su conceptualización mediante el análisis que ofrecen los enfoques de la domesticación tecnológica y el radical o inclusivo de la formación. Se discute las consecuencias de una política tecnológica instrumentalizada, e incoherente con la propia norma constitucional y con el contexto cultural. Si la etapa de apropiación tecnológica aún es un desafío ante la grave brecha digital, el proceso de conversión exige de una dialéctica tecnológica que parta de un proceso de conciencia ecológica que se exige legalmente, y en el que se puedan incluir necesariamente significados culturales y sociales más allá de los originarios radicados en occidente. Así, se visibiliza desde las propias normas educativas ecuatorianas la necesidad de incorporar claves para una pedagogía que discuta el rol en la educación ecuatoriana de temáticas radicales como el egocentrismo, o la definición de persona como integrante de la naturaleza entre otras.
Educación y menores inmigrantes: una década de políticas educativas supranacionales en América Latina y Europa desde una perspectiva comparada
Authors: Neubauer Esteban Adrián , Nicolás Ruiz María Ángeles , Álvarez Pavón Sara
Published: June 2022

Este artículo de investigación persigue dos objetivos: (i) explorar el impacto de las Estrategias de Trabajo 2020 y Horizonte 2020 de la UE y las Metas 2021 de la OEI con relación al derecho a la educación, y en particular, de la población inmigrante; (ii) y desarrollar propuestas de intervención socioeducativas para futuros programas en esta materia de ambos organismos supranacionales.  Para alcanzar estos objetivos se ha empleado como metodología la Educación Comparada para abordar los fenómenos políticos, económicos y socioeducativos desde una perspectiva global. Esto permite contrastar las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos organismos. Para ello, se han empleado indicadores pertenecientes a las siguientes categorías: (i) bienestar sociocultural y económico; (ii) educación infantil; y (iii) educación primaria y secundaria u obligatoria. Los resultados muestran cómo las políticas educativas impulsadas tanto por la OEI como por la UE están teniendo un impacto positivo en la educación. Ambas políticas han consensuado respectivamente unos objetivos y metas comunes que están favoreciendo una mejora educativa en los territorios gestionados por ambas instituciones. Estos resultados ponen en valor la importancia que tienen en el mundo actual los organismos supranacionales para paliar las desigualdades sociales y favorecer la equidad entre todas las personas independientemente de su contexto.
Las motivaciones juveniles en la elección de la enseñanza técnico-profesional en tres contextos sociales e institucionales: Barcelona, La Plata y Santiago
Authors: Bidauri María de la Paz , Palou Fons Arnau , Valls Casas Ona , Merino Pareja Rafael
Published: June 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es comprender las motivaciones del alumnado para cursar Educación Técnico-Profesional (ETP), teniendo en cuenta las características institucionales y contextuales de los tres países. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa y a partir de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a jóvenes entre 18 y 22 años de las tres ciudades, se realiza un análisis socio-hermenéutico del discurso del alumnado. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, diferencias en las motivaciones para elegir este tipo de educación, atribuibles al diseño institucional, al prestigio de los estudios y al contexto de la ciudad, lo que llevaría a pensar en elementos de divergencia en la estructuración de la ETP en cada ámbito. Por otro lado, se observa cierta similitud en las motivaciones de los y las jóvenes de las distintas ciudades analizadas que van más allá de lo institucional.
Inequalities in Early Childhood Education and Care in Argentina and the United Kingdom (2010-2020)
Authors: Tuñón Ianina , Martínez Carolina Emilia
Published: June 2022

Although there is a global agenda which tends to promote early childhood education and investment in early childhood, regulations and institutions are disparate between countries, and that does not seem to be tied to social welfare levels, exclusively. After studying existing evidence on educational inequalities in Argentina and the United Kingdom, in this article we present a comparative analysis of the education system’s key components, i.e., legislation, public investment, coverage levels, professionalization, and characteristics of programs aimed at children, in relation with the per capita household income. The main findings are that schooling rates are higher in the UK than in Argentina, and social inequalities are somewhat lower. However, in both cases children who are not enrolled are concentrated in the most vulnerable households. In the UK, there is a more homogeneous and professionalized system, with official assessment and supervision, international quality standards, and notable progress in literacy, but the eligibility criteria for childcare funding does not prioritize the right of the child. Instead, it is based on parents’ labor inclusion. On the other hand, Argentina is characterized by regulatory advances and free education. However, there is insufficient supply, and informal systems are widespread among vulnerable populations, which lack guidance and supervision, and virtually provide welfare aid rather than educational services.
Micropolítica escolar y aprendizaje socioemocional como catalizadores de la cohesión social
Authors: López López Carmen Verónica , Lagos San Martín Nelly Gromiria , Zagal Valenzuela Evelyn Eliana
Published: June 2022

Proponer una reflexión acerca de la micropolítica escolar es reconocer la importancia que tiene la escuela como un microcosmo de la sociedad. Desde este reconocimiento, es que el objetivo de este estudio fue sentar las bases para una reflexión sobre la micropolítica escolar y el aprendizaje socioemocional como elementos que propician la cohesión social; esto, debido a que las decisiones políticas respecto a las prácticas educativas y de gestión que se toman en el nivel escolar, son fundamentales para entender el aporte y la contribución del profesorado y la familia en el sistema educativo. Estas decisiones tienen un impacto directo en la formación y resonancia en la sociedad, entre las que se destacan la importancia de la responsabilidad y el liderazgo dialógico del equipo directivo y el profesorado en la implementación del currículo y el desarrollo de una pedagogía orientada al aprendizaje socioemocional de los estudiantes. De ahí la necesidad de repensar la escuela como una institución protagónica de las políticas públicas en el desarrollo de la formación transversal, pues se cree que es en la escuela donde deben producirse los cambios importantes, esto no sin desconocer el rol que le cabe al nivel macro y meso-político en el abordaje de estos desafíos.
Políticas aceleradas/mundo ensamblado. Ritmos, contextos y actores en educación
Authors: Saura Geo
Published: June 2022

Los ritmos políticos en educación son cada vez más acelerados, los contextos políticos más difusos y los actores políticos más privatizados. El artículo defiende esta tesis bajo una dimensión teórica de análisis. Las investigaciones en educación requieren realizar giros teóricos y analíticos para comprender estas importantes transformaciones que se están viviendo en los sistemas educativos. Tras la introducción, se examinan aspectos previos sobre los ritmos, los contextos y los actores en los análisis de las «transferencias políticas» en educación. Seguidamente, se defiende la necesidad de estudiar los ritmos en educación a través de las nociones de «políticas rápidas» y «neoliberalización». Los dos apartados posteriores focalizan el interés en los contextos políticos. Por un lado, se aborda la noción de «ensamblajes políticos» mediante sus elementos característicos de multiplicidades, concatenación de elementos heterogéneos y modos no lineales de hacer las políticas. Por otro lado, se demuestra cómo las nociones de «movilidades políticas» y «mutaciones políticas» son oportunas para analizar los movimientos ininterrumpidos y los espacios cada vez más difusos en los que se elaboran y ponen en marcha las agendas educativas. El último apartado analiza los cambios en los actores políticos privados a través de la exploración de la gobernanza filantrocapitalista digital en la educación.
Cuando las políticas públicas se transforman en mecanismos (re)productores de desigualdad educativa: el caso español en el acceso al sistema escolar
Authors: Turienzo Daniel , Manso Jesus
Published: June 2022

El sistema educativo español, se ha mostrado como uno de los más segregadores de su entorno en lo que a inclusión social se refiere. Este hecho, unido a que España sea uno de los países donde la escuela privada (concertada en el caso español) atiende a un mayor número de alumnos, han despertado el interés de la comunidad científica. La mayoría de trabajos han tratado de determinar el impacto de la escuela concertada sobre la segregación. Las investigaciones realizadas han aportado evidencias sobre la existencia de ciertos perfiles de alumnado susceptible de sufrir las consecuencias de la segregación en función de sus características personales, sociales, económicas y culturales. Tomando dichos trabajos como punto de partida, el objetivo principal del presente artículo es detectar los mecanismos que contribuyen a perpetuar situaciones de injusticia social, así como las medidas encaminadas a combatirlos o paliar sus efectos. Para ello se recurre, como principal herramienta metodológica, a la revisión de los trabajos desarrollados por diferentes autores y entidades de reconocido prestigio sobre la segregación en el contexto español, incluidos Ayuntamientos y Comunidades Autónomas. Dicha compilación permite detectar aquellas medidas que gozan de una mayor aceptación científica aun asumiendo la disparidad de modelos en aplicación a los contextos para los que han sido creadas. La principal conclusión que se deriva es la existencia de una amplia gama de estrategias que permiten combatir cada uno de los elementos de la segregación y la urgencia con que han de aplicarse por parte de los poderes públicos.
Representaciones de la diversidad sociocultural en los jóvenes de bachillerato
Authors: Piña Osorio Juan Manuel , Pérez Castro Judith , Pérez Aguilar María de Guadalupe
Published: June 2022

Nuestro objetivo en este artículo es analizar las representaciones sociales que los jóvenes de nivel medio superior tienen respecto a dos grupos vulnerables: las personas indígenas y las personas de la comunidad LGBTTTIQ+. La indagación se basó en la técnica de las redes semánticas naturales y trabajamos con una muestra de 100 jóvenes de bachillerato universitario de dos entidades del país: el Estado de México y Oaxaca. Los resultados se analizaron a partir de tres dimensiones: Campo de representación, Información y Actitud. Para el colectivo de personas indígenas, el mayor peso lo tuvieron las definidoras del Campo de representación, le siguió Actitud y en último lugar estuvo Información. Respecto a las personas de la comunidad LGBTTTIQ+, la dimensión de Información registró el mayor peso semántico, en segundo sitio estuvo la Actitud y en tercero el Campo de representación. En los dos casos, la información jugó un papel importante en las representaciones de estos jóvenes, debido a que están expuestos a una mayor cantidad y calidad de contenidos sobre la diversidad étnica y sexual. Estos resultados son consistentes con otros estudios realizados en México, en donde se destaca que factores como la edad, el nivel educativo y socioeconómico, así como el lugar de residencia marcan diferencias significativas en las ideas y actitudes de la población hacia estos grupos vulnerables.
Políticas educativas, desigualdades y nivel secundario en la Argentina del siglo XXI: de la ampliación de derechos al ajuste y la meritocracia (2003-2019)
Authors: Di Piero Emilia
Published: June 2022

Este artículo caracteriza y analiza las políticas educativas en la Argentina del siglo XXI considerando dos gestiones de gobierno (el Frente para la Victoria y la Alianza Cambiemos) y poniendo el foco en el nivel secundario. El enfoque metodológico consistió en la recopilación y sistematización de fuentes documentales relativas a las políticas educativas implementadas entre los años 2003 y 2019 con el propósito de analizar cada periodo. El artículo concluye que el periodo educativo de los gobiernos del Frente para la Victoria (2003- 2015) se caracterizó por la ampliación del derecho a la educación y el auge del significante inclusión. Con respecto al gobierno de la Alianza Cambiemos (2015- 2019), se trató de un periodo signado por el recorte presupuestario, la aspiración a una supuesta despolitización y cierta inercia y vaciamiento de la agenda de política educativa, con preponderancia de criterios meritocráticos y vinculados al emprendedurismo. Sin embargo, en ambos periodos se sostuvieron tendencias internacionales hacia la privatización, la evaluación y la descentralización. Con respecto al nivel secundario, dos cuestiones son comunes a ambos periodos: la tendencia al gobierno del sistema mediante la formulación de propuestas jurisdiccionales que se enmarcan en resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Educación y la transformación del formato escolar como eje de la agenda.
Percepciones juveniles sobre la política: la participación en la escuela secundaria de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Vommaro Pablo , Cozachcow Alejandro Germán , Nuñez Pedro
Published: June 2022

El artículo aborda el estudio de las percepciones y sentidos juveniles sobre la política, a partir de indagaciones con estudiantes de la escuela secundaria en la Argentina reciente. Para ello, se presentan hallazgos referidos al período 2015-2019, producto de los resultados de una investigación cualitativa realizada con estudiantes de cuatro escuelas del nivel secundario de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. La investigación se basó en la realización de cuatro grupos focales. El análisis realizado permitió explorar la politización juvenil a partir del análisis de las relaciones intergeneracionales con las y los docentes, los vínculos intrageneracionales entre pares y los sentidos construidos sobre la política. Entre los principales hallazgos encontramos, por un lado, que estas dimensiones resultan fundamentales para comprender la producción de los vínculos entre juventudes y política en la escuela, al igual que los contenidos curriculares. Por el otro, que los sentidos sobre la representación política se encuentran configurados en torno a las relaciones entre el adentro y el afuera escolar. Desde este lugar, nos aproximamos a la comprensión, en clave generacional, de una coyuntura caracterizada por una nueva reconfiguración de lo público, junto con la emergencia y visibilización de demandas ligadas a cuestiones de género y sexualidades. Asimismo, el análisis realizado permite desarrollar nuevos aportes al campo de estudios de juventudes desde una perspectiva sociohistórica en torno a los cambios y continuidades en la producción de formas de participación y ciudadanías juveniles en el sistema educativo.
Culture Industry and Japanese Identity in Snack and Drinks Products in Indonesia
Authors: Puspitasari Diana , Suryadi Yudi , Widodo Heri
Published: June 2022

This research discusses the Japanese identity inherent in food and beverage products produced and marketed in Indonesia with a cultural industry perspective. The purpose of this research is to reveal the form of Japanese identity attached to the products and its relationship with the cultural industry so that it will appear that the relationship between the two is interrelated and mutually supportive. This research is descriptive qualitative using the content analysis method on product packaging design on a cultural industry approach. The results found a Japanese identity in writings form, words, pictures, flavor variations, and a compilation of Japanese and local flavor variants on product packaging. The packaging design is made as if it is transferring Japan into the packaging of products. In the small packaging, it summarizes the discourse of the culture industry as well as provides a simulacrum for Japanese lovers. The use of Japanese identity has become a widespread cultural commodity in the financial and cultural economy.
Transición: ¿a cuál agricultura? Fitosanitarios y modelos de agricultura no convencionales en la Unión Europea
Authors: Pastorino Leonardo
Published: June 2022

En el marco de la crisis ambiental y climática y teniendo en cuenta los esfuerzos que en la UE se proponen para transitar hacia un modelo de sostenibilidad en general y de producción agroalimentaria en general y considerando que en ese sentido el uso de los fitosanitarios son un punto crucial de permanente cuestionamiento y revisión, este trabajo se propone tres objetivos: 1) realizar una mirada conceptual y crítica a los diferentes paradigmas y modelos de desarrollo y de agricultura partiendo de la premisa que aún ninguno de ellos ha logrado consenso y que es dificil definir un modelo de producción agraria sostenible; 2) presentar el cuadro normativo al menos a nivel unional de los fitosanitarios para incentivar su profundización en cuanto normativa sectorial claramente ligada a la agricultura, en estado actual de cuestionamiento y revisión; 3) entrecruzar las normativas referidas a los modelos de agricultura y a los fitosanitarios y analizar cómo entre ambas se trata la coexistencia.
The study of the role of insulin resistance as etiological factor in polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case control study
Authors: Tilak Jyoti R. , Jain Anju , Wadhwa Nishtha , Tilak H.R. , Ahirwar Ashok Kumar
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been consistently shown by several studies but what is the cause and what is the effect remained an unsolved issue. In recent years, IR has been suggested to be a key etiological factor which contributes to the severity of metabolic and reproductive features in PCOS. The aim of the present study is to determine the etiological role of IR in PCOS.

Methods

This is an analytical case control study where 30 newly diagnosed normoglycemic cases of PCOS (according to Rotterdam revised criteria 2003) between the age group of 15 and 35 years were enrolled. A total of 30 age matched, apparently healthy women were selected from volunteers as controls. Fasting glucose was analysed by spectrophotometry and fasting insulin by chemiluminescence immunoassay. HOMA-IR, Log HOMA-IR, QUICKI, G/I ratio and FIRI were calculated using standard formulae.

Results

The anthropometric parameters and markers of IR were high and QUICKI & G/I ratio were low in cases as compared to controls (p<0.05). Cases with BMI≥25 showed significantly higher IR markers and lower QUICKI & G/I ratio than BMI<25 cases and BMI matched controls. No significant difference was present in IR markers between high and low central obesity cases.

Conclusions

The findings of our study suggest that in normoglycemic PCOS women, raised IR markers in obese patients cannot be attributed to obesity or central obesity alone. Presence of IR in newly diagnosed cases at such an early stage i.e., even before development of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia suggest IR to be a causative factor in development of PCOS.
Evaluación de 18 indicadores de calidad del Programa de Garantía Externa de la Calidad de Preanalítica de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio (SEQCML)
Authors: Caballero Andrea , Gómez-Rioja Rubén , Ventura Montserrat , Antonia Llopis Ma , Miquel Bauça Josep , Gómez-Gómez Carolina , Marzana Itziar , Ibarz Mercedes
Published: June 2022

Objetivos

la mayor parte de los errores en medicina del laboratorio se producen durante la fase preanalítica y postanalítica del proceso analítico total (PAT). En 2014, la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio (SEQCML) lanzó el Programa de Garantía Externa de la Calidad (EQA) de Preanalítica, con el propósito de ofrecer una herramienta para mejorar la calidad de la fase preanalítica. El objeto del presente estudio es evaluar la evolución de los indicadores de calidad (IC) y la comparabilidad de las especificaciones de calidad de la fase preanalitica (EC) con otros programas EQA.

Métodos

en el programa de la SEQCML, los participantes registraron el número de rechazos por cada tipo de muestra y por causa de rechazo. El cálculo de los percentiles se realizó a partir de los datos obtenidos en el periodo 2014–2017. Posteriormente, se revisaron dichos percentiles con los datos obtenidos en los años 2018 y 2019. Se calcularon los percentiles 25, 50, 75 y 90 de cada serie, estableciendo las medias como especificaciones. Estas especificaciones se compararon con los resultados de otros programas.

Resultados

en general las especificaciones con respecto a los IC se mantuvieron estables o mejoraron en el periodo 2018–2019, por ejemplo, se produjo un descenso significativo en el número de muestras de suero con un índice hemolítico ≥0,5 g/L. Sin embargo, este descenso no se observó en el manejo de muestras de EDTA y citrato, posiblemente debido a una mejor capacidad de detección de la hemólisis. Las especificaciones para los IC del grupo de trabajo Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety de la IFCC y del programa Key Incident Management and Monitoring System (KIMMS) de la RCPA mostraron resultados comparables, lo que confirma la validez de las especificaciones establecidas.

Conclusiones

las especificaciones obtenidas son una herramienta útil para la intercomparación, así como para identificar aquellos procesos de la fase preanalítica que son prioritarios mejorar.
Mid-infrared laser ellipsometry: a new era beyond FTIR
Authors: Furchner Andreas , Hinrichs Karsten
Published: June 2022

This view highlights a revolutionary change in IR ellipsometry, namely, the incorporation and application of tunable lasers. The presented instrumental developments beyond classical FTIR-based approaches are coming precisely at the right time for today’s demands for in situ, operando and hyperspectral characterization methods required in bioanalytics, catalysis and surface science.
A Dynamic Graph Model of Strategy Learning for Predicting Human Behavior in Repeated Games
Authors: Vazifedan Afrooz , Izadi Mohammad
Published: June 2022

We present a model that explains the process of strategy learning by the players in repeated normal-form games. The proposed model is based on a directed weighted graph, which we define and call as the game’s dynamic graph. This graph is used as a framework by a learning algorithm that predicts which actions will be chosen by the players during the game and how the players are acting based on their gained experiences and behavioral characteristics. We evaluate the model’s performance by applying it to some human-subject datasets and measure the rate of correctly predicted actions. The results show that our model obtains a better average hit-rate compared to that of respective models. We also measure the model’s descriptive power (its ability to describe human behavior in the self-play mode) to show that our model, in contrast to the other behavioral models, is able to describe the alternation strategy in the Battle of the sexes game and the cooperating strategy in the Prisoners’ dilemma game.
Learning languages through virtual exchange: an international university network
Authors: Silvagni Federico , Moruno Lpez Esther , Hubčkov Ema
Published: June 2022

This article presents an international telecollaboration programme called UniLingua, which was carried out between eight universities and university language centres during the 2020/2021 academic year. By promoting language exchanges, UniLingua aims to satisfy one of the most immediate academic needs of university students, which is to improve their plurilingual and pluricultural profile. This report describes, firstly, the origin and development of the project, andsecondly, based on the data collected from the questionnaires filled out by theparticipants, this report shows the most relevant results of the first edition ofthe project.
The longitudinal development of self-assessment and academic writing: an advanced writing programme
Authors: Wind Attila M. , Zólyomi Anna
Published: June 2022

Although several studies have investigated the self-assessment (SA) of writing skills, most research has adopted a cross-sectional research design. Consequently, our knowledge about the longitudinal development of SA is limited. This study investigated whether SA instruction leads to improvement in SA accuracy and in second language (L2) writing. A total of 33 English as a foreign language (EFL) students composed and self-assessed two argumentative essays, one at the beginning (Time 1) and one at the end (Time 2) of a semester-long advanced writing (AW) programme at a Hungarian university. About half of the participants received SA instruction (experimental group), while the other half did not (control group). The essays were scored by two teachers and analysed for linguistic complexity. The results showed improvements in SA accuracy in both groups. However, the SA-teacher assessment (TA) correlation for the total score was statistically significant only in the experimental group at Time 2 (post-instructional phase). Furthermore, the TA total scores and a few linguistic complexity indices showed improvements in L2 writing in both groups. The pedagogical implications of these findings emphasising the importance of SA in EFL writing courses are also discussed.
Fourier analysis of a time-simultaneous two-grid algorithm using a damped Jacobi waveform relaxation smoother for the one-dimensional heat equation
Authors: Lohmann Christoph , Dünnebacke Jonas , Turek Stefan
Published: June 2022

In this work, the convergence behavior of a time-simultaneous two-grid algorithm for the one-dimensional heat equation is studied using Fourier arguments in space. The underlying linear system of equations is obtained by a finite element or finite difference approximation in space while the semi-discrete problem is discretized in time using the ϑ-scheme. The simultaneous treatment of all time instances leads to a global system of linear equations which provides the potential for a higher degree of parallelization of multigrid solvers due to the increased number of degrees of freedom per spatial unknown.

It is shown that the all-at-once system based on an equidistant discretization in space and time stays well conditioned even if the number of blocked time-steps grows arbitrarily. Furthermore, mesh-independent convergence rates of the considered two-grid algorithm are proved by adopting classical Fourier arguments in space without assuming periodic boundary conditions. The rate of convergence with respect to the Euclidean norm does not deteriorate arbitrarily if the number of blocked time steps increases and, hence, underlines the potential of the solution algorithm under investigation. Numerical studies demonstrate why minimizing the spectral norm of the iteration matrix may be practically more relevant than improving the asymptotic rate of convergence.
Saving Torwali Music and Dance: Community Led Performance and ‘Public’ Archiving
Authors: Torwali Mujahid , Troy Jakelin
Published: June 2022

Here we explore ways in which the Indigenous Torwali community of Swat, north Pakistan, is working to renew and preserve its musical and dance traditions, and how Torwalis are using social media and online archives to share and popularise their performances, worldwide. Social activism is a motivator, but people also relish the fun created through instant online engagement. The methodology for the paper is to weave a narrative, using Indigenous storytelling by both Indigenous authors, one Torwali and one Ngarigu, Australian Indigenous, about their experiences with and knowledge of performance in the community.
Semantic maps of causation: New hybrid approaches based on corpora and grammar descriptions
Authors: Levshina Natalia
Published: June 2022

The present paper discusses connectivity and proximity maps of causative constructions and combines them with different types of typological data. In the first case study, I show how one can create a connectivity map based on a parallel corpus. This allows us to solve many problems, such as incomplete descriptions, inconsistent terminology and the problem of determining the semantic nodes. The second part focuses on proximity maps based on Multidimensional Scaling and compares the most important semantic distinctions, which are inferred from a parallel corpus of film subtitles and from grammar descriptions. The results suggest that corpus-based maps of tokens are more sensitive to cultural and genre-related differences in the prominence of specific causation scenarios than maps based on constructional types, which are described in reference grammars. The grammar-based maps also reveal a less clear structure, which can be due to incomplete semantic descriptions in grammars. Therefore, each approach has its shortcomings, which researchers need to be aware of.
Lexical typology and semantic maps: Perspectives and challenges
Authors: Rakhilina Ekaterina , Ryzhova Daria , Badryzlova Yulia
Published: June 2022

The paper outlines the basics of data collection, analysis and visualization under the frame-based approach to lexical typology and illustrates its methodology using the data of cross-linguistic research on verbs of falling. The framework reveals several challenges to semantic map modelling that usually escape researchers’ attention. These are: (1) principles of establishing lexical comparative concepts; (2) the effective ways of visualization for the opposition between direct and figurative meanings of lexical items; (3) the problem of the borderlines between semantic fields, which seem to be very subtle. These problems are discussed in detail in the paper, as well as possible theoretical decisions and semantic modelling techniques that could overcome these bottlenecks.
A Novel Robotic Control System Mimics Doctor’s Operation to Assist Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhou Boda , Li Qizhong , Xue Yajun , Huang Lihao , Zhou Jie , Zhang Ou , Zhang Ping , Zheng Gangtie
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The use of current robotic systems to assist in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) fundamentally differs from performing conventional PCI. To overcome this problem, we developed a novel master-slave robotic control system to assist in PCI, and evaluated its safety and feasibility in the delivery and manipulation of coronary guidewires in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: The novel robotic assist PCI system is composed of three parts: 1) a master actuator, which imitates the traditional torque used by surgeons in conventional PCI, 2) a slave actuator, including a guidewire delivery system and force monitoring equipment, and 3) a local area network based communication system.

Results: The experiment was performed in six pigs. Both robotic and manual control completed the operation with no device- or procedure-associated complications. An experienced interventional cardiologist who was a first-time user of the novel robotic PCI system was able to advance the guidewire into a distal branch of a coronary artery within a similar time to that required with the manual procedure.

Conclusion: This early in vivo experiment with the novel robotic assisted PCI control system demonstrated that its feasibility, safety, and procedural effectiveness are comparable to those of manual operation. The novel robotic-assisted PCI control system required significantly less time to learn than other currently available systems.
A Bezout ring with nonzero principal Jacobson radical
Authors: Gatalevych A.I. , Dmytruk A.A.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study a commutative Bezout domain with nonzero Jacobson radical being a principal ideal. It has been proved that such a Bezout domain is a ring of the stable range 1. As a result, we have obtained that such a Bezout domain is a ring over which any matrix can be reduced to a canonical diagonal form by means of elementary transformations of its rows and columns.
GOODS QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Reznikova V.V. , Kravets I.M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

The article is focused on the concept definition and basic elements of the system of management and quality control of goods. Economic and legal means of ensuring the quality of goods are claimed to outline legal procedures and mechanisms of solving the state's tasks concerning: a) creation and maintenance of the required level of safety of domestic goods (products, works, services) concerning consumers and the environment; b) promoting the competitiveness of goods in economic turnover. The modern sphere of technical regulation of quality of goods (products, works, services) is outlined in terms of such types of normative documents as: technical regulation; standard; technical conditions, the key features of each concept are defined and analyzed. It is established that the forms of conformity assessment are: product certification and application of conformity marks; conducting laboratory tests in accredited laboratories; self-declaration of conformity claimed by the market operator, which may be combined with the application of a control (supervision) system. The quality management system (hereinafter – QMS) is defined as a system of tools, methods and activities of the subject of economic relations – the producer, aimed at meeting the requirements and expectations of consumers regarding the quality of goods (products, works, services). QMS (quality management systems) are preventive. QMS can be focused on products, works, services, environment, production process or encompass all application spheres. Within the QMS, in turn, the product quality control system is a set of interrelated objects and subjects of control, the types, methods and tools used to assess product quality and prevent production defects / poor quality at different stages of the product life cycle and quality levels management (effective system of quality control of goods allows, in most cases, to make a timely and targeted impact on the quality level of goods, to prevent various defects in the work, to ensure their prompt identification and elimination with the least resource costs). The main elements of the quality control system include the following subsystems: planning; inspection control; incentives and responsibilities. The types of quality control of goods are covered in the article. In order to improve product safety nowadays most of the manufacturers in the field of economics are revealed to apply quality management systems based on the following standards: ISO, HACCP, GMP. Relevant international and national standards used by many producers in quality management and control systems to improve product safety in modern economic realities are analyzed.
RESTRICTIONS OF AN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CASE LAW OF EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors:   Chernihiv National University of Technology, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Apanasenko K.I.
Published: June 2022

Formation of information society and increasing of the role of information for the different aspects of a social life, decline of an attitudinal influence of religious organizations and religious leaders in some European countries and increasing of the role of religion in other countries are important factors to predict an increasing of conflicts between states and different types of information conductors. So researching of a practice of the European Court of human rights concerning application of an Article 10 of European convention on human rights in a sphere of creative industries is an actual and important task. An author elaborates on Court’s assessing of licensing in a sphere of television and radio broadcasting and some aspects of activity of TV-companies, restrictions in an advertisement sphere. Court finds that countries have a right to state a model of broadcasting on their territories through system of the licensing in this sphere. The licensing can depend on such conditions as nature and objectives of a proposed station, its potential audience at national, regional or local level, the rights and needs of a specific audience and the obligations deriving from international legal instruments. The licensing process must provide sufficient guarantees against arbitrariness, including the proper reasoning by the licensing authority of its decisions denying a broadcasting license. The law must indicate with sufficient clarity the scope of any discretion and the manner of its exercise. EUCHR underlines a special social responsibility of TV-monopolists in broadcasting of an advertisement concerning important social discussion. An approach of EUCHR in assessing of interference with the right to freedom of expression on practice of the creative sector of the economy concerning a balance between this freedom and social interest in ensuring of morality and rights of believers is investigated separately. The author has analyzed most important cases of this type including such as “Sekmadienis Ltd. v. Lithuania” (2018), “Gachechiladze v. Georgia” (2021). The author concluded that a main argument for Court’s decision was a form of a bringing of the information. Using not gross forms of expression of views in commercial practice concerning religious symbols and leaders, addressing them in some humorous, not satirical manner is a permissible form of expression of views.
WAYS OF CHANGING THE LEGAL REGULATION OF CRYPTOACTIVES: AN ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPIRIENCE
Authors:   National University “Odesa Law Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine, Nekit K.H.
Published: June 2022

The proliferation of cryptocurrency transactions and the increase in their value raises the question of the need for a final solution to the problem of legal regulation of their circulation. The urgency of this task is exacerbated by the fact that leaving cryptoassets out of the legal field promotes their use in illegal activities and deprives the state of significant revenues from their proper taxation. The purpose of this article is to study the approaches to the legal regulation of the circulation of cryptoassets, which are recently formed in the world, to determine the positive experience and opportunities to borrow successful legislative decisions. The article analyzes approaches to the regulation of relations arising from cryptocurrencies in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Estonia, China, Singapore and Australia. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the European unified approach to the regulation of cryptocurrencies for all European countries, as well as cryptocurrency services. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that today the attitude to cryptocurrencies differs depending on the level of development of the country. However, recently there has been a tendency to focus efforts on the implementation of cryptoassets in the legal field and ensure legal regulation of their circulation. In general, 2020, the year of the pandemic and the transfer of life to the online format, was marked by special attention to the development of legal regulation of cryptocurrency circulation. Of particular concern to the authorities are features of cryptocurrencies such as decentralization and anonymity, which allow these assets to be used to launder criminal proceeds and finance terrorism. It is in this direction that government regulation of cryptocurrency circulation has been moving recently. Most countries in the world of cryptocurrency regulation focus on licensing cryptocurrency exchanges, identifying their users, taxing, and countering money laundering and terrorist financing. These principles are the basis of the unified approach to the regulation of cryptocurrency activities for all European countries proposed by the European Commission. It is noteworthy that both in the European unified approach to the regulation of cryptoassets and in their legal regulation in some European countries and the United States, it is proposed to classify cryptocurrencies and divide them into several categories depending on the functions they perform. These approaches to the classification of cryptoassets should be considered when determining the legal framework for regulating the circulation of cryptoassets (virtual assets) in Ukraine.
PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF USERS OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES IN WARTIME
Authors:   Academician F.H. Burchak Scientific Research Institute of Ргіvаtе Law and Entrepreneurship of National Academy of Law Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Vinnyk O.M.
Published: June 2022

The article raises the issue of protecting the rights of users of electronic communication services in emergencies, including war and the threat of nuclear danger caused by the seizure of Chernobyl and Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plants by the Russian occupiers. Using a number of methods of scientific knowledge: threats to users of such services are identified, relevant in all conditions (abuses of digital rights, cybercrime, monopolistic abuses in the field of electronic communications, lack of professionalism or integrity of providers of electronic communications services, defects in legal regulation spheres), as well as threats that have become especially relevant during martial law (individual cybervulnerability of the majority of Ukrainians, which the Russian occupiers use as weapons against Ukraine); the Ukrainian legislation from the point of view of protection of the rights of users of electronic communication services is analyzed; problems of legal regulation on the specified questions are revealed and ways of the it decision are offered. Universal legal mechanisms for protection of the rights of electronic communications users have been identified (mandatory authorization and licensing of radiofrequency spectrum for providers of electronic communications services, a number of related responsibilities, including compliance with technical regulation requirements; transparency of relations provided by the digital regulatory platform, system of bodies in charge of electronic communications in order to comply with the legislation on electronic communications; antitrust regulation of this area), as well as gaps in the system of protection of users' rights, namely: lack of legislation on digital rights and digital responsibilities of citizens in the Constitution of Ukraine and mentions of individual cybersecurity and cyber defence in the Law of Ukraine “On Basic Principles of Cyber Security of Ukraine”. It is proposed to close gaps in legal regulation to better protect the rights of users of electronic communications services, including digital rights, among which the right to access the Internet and the right to individual cybersecurity play a particularly important role in emergencies of Russian aggression and the dangers associated with it.
PROBLEMS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN INDUSTRY: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Authors:   State Institution “Institute of Regional Research named after M.I. Dolishniy of the NAS of Ukraine”, Lviv, Ukraine, Sozanskyy L.Y.
Published: June 2022

High innovation activity is one of the most important conditions for effective socio-economic development of the country. However, in Ukraine, as in other transition economies, the level of innovation development is unsatisfactory. The study was conducted to diagnose problems and develop proposals to stimulate innovative development of the national economy and its industrial sector. In the analytical part of the work, based on the results of the comparative analysis, it is stated that the innovativeness of Ukrainian industrial products is the lowest in Europe. It was found that in addition to the low level of innovation of Ukrainian industry products, the problem is the excessively high or extremely low export orientation of the latter. Thus, the share of products sold abroad in the volume of sold innovative products of Ukraine in 2019 was 54.2 %, while in Poland — 46.2 %. In terms of manufacturing, the highest export orientation of innovative products in Ukraine is characteristic of metallurgical production (90.6 %), production of rubber and plastic products (82 %), repair and installation of machinery and equipment (63.6 %). It is emphasized that excessively high export orientation of innovative products in the conditions of socio-political instability and intensification of globalization processes creates potential risks for the economic security of the country. Three groups of factors influencing innovation activity in Ukraine are substantiated, which include: the level of industrialization of the economy and manufacturability of industrial production; customs policy, foreign economic influence, economic globalization; institutional and macroeconomic environment, special legal framework, mental features of entrepreneurial behavior, etc. It is empirically proven that the low level of innovation of domestic industrial products is a consequence of the long-term policy of agrarianization of the national economy and at the same time unstable dynamics of development of manufacturing industries. The structure of value added of domestic industrial productions is constructed and the place of Ukraine and the EU countries in the world rating on value of an index of economic globalization, de facto is defined. A critical analysis of the legal framework for the implementation of state customs policy of Ukraine. Proposals to the domestic legislation on regulatory and legal regulation and rationalization of innovation parks as an effective way to increase the level of innovation and growth of industrial production are substantiated.