bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Evaluation of Naturally Abraded Ballast Behavior and Properties
Authors: Rohrman A. K. , Ho C. L.
Published: June 2018

Laboratory tests are commonly used to investigate the performance and behavior of ballast in various conditions. In large part, these investigations use freshly quarried rock prepared to meet gradation requirements of AREMA or similar organizations as the ballast material. When worn ballast is desired, some studies run the fresh ballast through an apparatus, such as the one used in LA Abrasion, to create an artificially worn ballast. Past investigations of the effects of angularity on the strength properties of granular materials provide mixed results. There is a clear need for further understanding of the behavior of abraded ballast. In this investigation, a naturally abraded ballast, sourced from an active rail, is used in laboratory testing to assess its mechanical properties and behavior. Based on gradation testing, this material was most likely an AREMA #4 graded material when it was first placed into the track bed. However, particle breakage that occurred during the time that it was used in track led to a broader gradation that included smaller ballast pieces. Triaxial testing was performed to determine the strength properties, stress-strain behavior, and volumetric strain behavior of clean ballast in varying moisture conditions. Box testing was used to investigate the settlement of the ballast under dynamic loading. The ballast in the box test was prepared to the same density as the triaxial tests so that the results are analogous. The results of the triaxial tests exhibited typical behavior, with the samples undergoing initial contraction followed by dilation. However, the results showed that the deformations were larger than might be expected from a similar angular ballast. Additionally, strengths do not appear to be significantly reduced compared to angular ballast. The box tests also showed typical results, though less total settlement occurred than might be expected. The unexpected results from these tests could be explained by the broader gradation of the abraded ballast. It has been shown that a wider range of particle sizes in a granular material increases the strength. It is likely that this holds true for this particular ballast, despite the increased level of abrasion. However, the more rounded particles are still less likely to interlock, resulting in the high deformations exhibited in the triaxial tests. The introduction of water to the tests does not have hugely negative effects on the strength, likely because the lack of fouling prevents large amounts of water from being held by the ballast. Abraded ballast appears to achieve the desired strengths needed for support railroad loads, however the increased deformability of the material makes it less than ideal for use in track.
A New Railyard Safety Approach for Detection and Tracking of Personnel and Dynamic Objects Using Software-Defined Radar
Authors: Banerjee Subharthi , Santos Jose , Hempel Michael , Sharif Hamid
Published: June 2018

In a typical railyard environment, a myriad of large and dynamic objects pose significant risks to railyard workers. Unintentional falls, trips and collisions with dynamic rolling stock due to distractions or lack of situational awareness are an unfortunate reality in modern railyards. The challenges of current technologies in detecting and tracking multiple differently-sized mobile objects in situations such as i) one-on-one, ii) many-to-one, iii) one-to-many, iv) blind spot, and v) interfering/non-interfering separation creates the possibility for reduction or loss of situational awareness in this fast-paced environment. The simultaneous tracking of assets with different size, velocity and material composition in different working and environmental conditions can only be accomplished through joint infrastructure-based asset discovery and localization sensors that cause no interference or impediment to the railyard workers, and which are capable of detecting near-misses as well. Our team is investigating the design and performance of such a solution, and is currently focusing on the innovative usage of lightweight low-cost RADAR under different conditions that are expected to be encountered in railyards across North America. We are employing Ancorteks 580-AD Software Defined RADAR (SDRadar) system, which operates at the license-free frequency of 5.8 GHz and with a variety of different configuration options that make it well-suited for generalized object tracking. The challenges, however, stem from the unique interplay between tracking large metallic objects such as railcars, locomotives, and trucks, as well as smaller objects such as railyard workers, in particular their robust discernment from each other. Our design’s higher-level system can interact with the lower-level SDRadar design to change the parameters in real-time to detect and track large objects over significant distances. The algorithm optimally adjusts waveform, sweep time and sample rate based on one or multiple detected object cross-sections and subsequently alters these parameters to be able to discern other objects from them that are in close proximity. We also use an ensemble method to determine the velocity and distance of target objects to accurately track the subject and larger objects at a distance. The methodology has been field-tested with several test cases in a multitude of weather and lighting conditions. We have also tested the proper height, azimuth and elevation angles for positioning our SDRadar to alleviate the risk of blind spots and enhancing the detection and tracking capabilities of our algorithm. The approach has outperformed our previous tests using visual and acoustic sensors for detection and tracking railroad workers in terms of accuracy and operating flexibility. In this paper, we discuss the details of our proposed approach and present our results from the field tests.
Tank Car Sloshing on Rail Transportation Safety Under Various Loading, Track and In-Train Force Conditions
Authors: Huang Wei , Liu Yan
Published: June 2018

Analytical work was conducted to study if movement of liquid in a tank car (or sloshing) could contribute in any way to derailments of trains carrying dangerous goods liquids. A liquid sloshing model was developed for railway tank car with formulas generated based on available finite element analysis data. An empty tank car dynamics simulation model validated with measured data was used as the base model to implement the liquid sloshing model. Hundreds of thousands of dynamics simulations were conducted for the tank car with liquid cargo at various fill ratios and with equivalent solid (i.e., rigid) cargo on more than 1000 measured curves. The results show that under some conditions tank car sloshing could increase the risk of derailment. The detrimental effect of tank car sloshing on rail safety increases with the increase of outage, trailing tonnage, grade, car length difference, curvature, train speed and track geometry irregularities. Quantitative risk analysis could be improved by considering the effects of tank car sloshing on derailment risk. The findings can be used by regulators and the railroads to improve train marshalling practice and risk mapping of railway networks.
Seafloor fiber optic cables can listen for earthquakes
Authors: Hand Eric
Published: June 2018

Method offers a low-cost way to fill seismic detection gaps.
Babies who dodge HIV may not be unscathed
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: June 2018

Exposure to the virus, the mother's microbiome, and drugs each could cause harm.
Technology Feature | Translating big data: The proteomics challenge
Authors: May Mike
Published: June 2018

Getting the most out of protein-related information depends on teamwork among scientists around the world, and that involves sharing large datasets. Simply passing big data back and forth is not a problem, however—the main obstacle is sharing that data in a way that other scientists can use it. Building software that can interpret information from different experiments and equipment remains complicated; likewise, exploring and analyzing large datasets from proteomics experiments even from one lab requires software that is most often developed in-house.
Primitivity of skew inverse Laurent series rings and related rings
Authors: Paykan Kamal , Moussavi Ahmad
Published: June 2018

The aim of our paper is to study the primitivity of the skew inverse Laurent series rings [Formula: see text] and the skew Laurent power series rings [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an associative ring equipped with an automorphism [Formula: see text] and an [Formula: see text]-derivation [Formula: see text]. Examples to illustrate and delimit the theory are provided.
Impaired cortical autonomic responses during sympathetic activation in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension characterized by postganglionic autonomic dysfunction
Authors: Baker Jacquie , Paturel Justin R. , Kimpinski Kurt
Published: June 2018

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) is a cardinal feature of autonomic dysfunction. The cortical autonomic network (CAN) is a network of brain regions associated with autonomic function. Therefore, our objective was to investigate whether impairment of CAN structures is involved in the pathophysiology of NOH. Fifteen controls (63 ± 13 yr) and 15 NOH patients (67 ± 6 yr; P = 0.2) with peripheral autonomic dysfunction completed standard tests of parasympathetic [deep breathing (DB)] and sympathetic [Valsalva maneuver (VM)] activation during a functional MRI. Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrasts were obtained and contrasted. Compared with controls, patients had significantly smaller heart rate responses to DB (control: 15.23 ± 9.6 vs. NOH: 5.7 ± 2.1) and Valsalva ratios (control: 2.1 ± 0.47 vs. NOH: 1.2 ± 0.1; P < 0.001). NOH patients had absent adrenergic phases (late phase II and phase IV) during VM as per a qualitative analysis. During VM, controls had greater activation in the right hippocampus (T-value: 8.03), left posterior cingulate (TL: 7.6), and bilateral thalamus (TR: 7.41, TL: 8.45; P < 0.05). During phase IV, controls had greater activation in the right hippocampus (TR: 5.78l P < 0.05). Following subtraction analysis, no significant differences were evident during DB. In conclusion, NOH patients have significantly less CAN activation during sympathetic, but not parasympathetic, activation. Impaired CANs associated with sympathetic activation may be involved in the pathophysiology of NOH.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) is a cardinal feature of autonomic dysfunction characterized by failure of reflexive sympathetic activation. Our result reveal that patients with autonomic dysfunction caused by postganglionic sympathetic impairment also have impaired activation of structures within the cortical autonomic network. Impaired activation is evident during a test of sympathetic, but not parasympathetic, activation. Impaired cortical autonomic networks associated with sympathetic activation may be involved in the pathophysiology of NOH.
Opinions of Health Professionals on Tailoring Reproductive Health Services to the Needs of Adolescents
Authors: Boamah-Kaali Ellen Abrafi , Kaali Seyram , Manu Grace , Gyaase Stephaney , Adeniji Elisha , Owusu-Agyei Seth , Asante Kwaku Poku
Published: June 2018

Introduction. Tailoring sexual and reproductive health programs and services to the needs of adolescents will help adolescents make informed decisions and choices regarding their sexual and reproductive health. Objective. To assess the opinions of service providers on tailoring sexual and reproductive health services to the needs of adolescents. Method. A qualitative study using indepth interviews was held among eight decision-makers and service providers in two hospitals within the Kintampo North Municipality and Kintampo South District as well as the Municipal and District Health Directorates in Kintampo North and South between April and May 2011. Results. All respondents expressed the opinion that it is a good idea to tailor sexual and reproductive health services to the needs of adolescents. They admitted that very limited sexual and reproductive health programs targeting adolescent needs were available in the study area. Service providers also reported very low levels of health facilities use by adolescents for sexual and reproductive health information and services. Health professionals attributed the poor sexual and reproductive health services utilization by adolescents to stigma from the society and attitudes of service providers. Conclusion. There are no targeted sexual and reproductive health programmes and services for adolescents. Services providers indicated that it is important to tailor sexual and reproductive health services to the needs of adolescents to prevent stigma, unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted infections.
A Snake Venom-Secreted Phospholipase A2Induces Foam Cell Formation Depending on the Activation of Factors Involved in Lipid Homeostasis
Authors: Leiguez Elbio , Giannotti Karina Cristina , Viana Mariana do Nascimento , Matsubara Márcio Hideki , Fernandes Cristina Maria , Gutiérrez José Maria , Lomonte Bruno , Teixeira Catarina
Published: June 2018

MT-III, a snake venom GIIA sPLA2, which shares structural and functional features with mammalian GIIA sPLA2s, activates macrophage defense functions including lipid droplet (LDs) formation, organelle involved in both lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes. Macrophages (MΦs) loaded with LDs, termed foam cells, characterize early blood vessel fatty-streak lesions during atherosclerosis. However, the factors involved in foam cell formation induced by a GIIA sPLA2are still unknown. Here, we investigated the participation of lipid homeostasis-related factors in LD formation induced by MT-III in macrophages. We found that MT-III activated PPAR-γand PPAR-β/δand increased the protein levels of both transcription factors and CD36 in macrophages. Pharmacological interventions evidenced that PPAR-γ, PPAR-β/δ, and CD36 as well as the endoplasmic reticulum enzymes ACAT and DGAT are essential for LD formation. Moreover, PPAR-β/δ, but not PPAR-γ, is involved in MT-III-induced PLIN2 protein expression, and both PPAR-β/δand PPAR-γupregulated CD36 protein expression, which contributes to MT-III-induced COX-2 expression. Furthermore, production of 15-d-PGJ2, an activator of PPARs, induced by MT-III, was dependent on COX-1 being LDs an important platform for generation of this mediator.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Immunomodulation: Properties and Clinical Application
Authors: Wang Mengyuan , Yuan Quan , Xie Liang
Published: June 2018

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells characterized by self-renewal, production of clonal cell populations, and multilineage differentiation. They exist in nearly all tissues and play a significant role in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs possess wide immunoregulatory properties via interaction with immune cells in both innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to immunosuppression of various effector functions. Numerous bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs, particularly cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines, exert autocrine/paracrine effects that modulate the physiological processes of MSCs. These invaluable virtues of MSCs provide new insight into potential treatments for tissue damage and inflammation. In particular, their extensive immunosuppressive properties are being explored for promising therapeutic application in immune disorders. Recently, clinical trials for MSC-mediated therapies have rapidly developed for immune-related diseases following reports from preclinical studies declaring their therapeutic safety and efficacy. Though immunotherapy of MSCs remains controversial, these clinical trials pave the way for their widespread therapeutic application in immune-based diseases. In this review, we will summarize and update the latest research findings and clinical trials on MSC-based immunomodulation.
Poly-L-Arginine Induces Apoptosis of NCI-H292 Cells via ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Ya-Ni , Zhang Ling-Ling , Fan Xiao-Yun , Wu Sha-Sha , Zhang Sheng-Quan
Published: June 2018

Cationic protein is a cytotoxic protein secreted by eosinophils and takes part in the damage of airway epithelium in asthma. Poly-L-arginine (PLA), a synthetic cationic protein, is widely used to mimic the biological function of the natural cationic protein in vitro. Previous studies demonstrated the damage of the airway epithelial cells by cationic protein, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study aimed at exploring whether PLA could induce apoptosis of human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) and the underlying mechanism. Methods. The morphology of apoptotic cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The rate of apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The expressions of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Bcl-2/Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 were assessed by western blot. Results. PLA can induce apoptosis in NCI-H292 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 and the unbalance of Bcl2/Bax, as well as the activation of caspase-3, were involved in the PLA-induced apoptosis. Conclusions. PLA can induce the apoptosis in NCI-H292 cells, and this process at least involved the ERK1/2 and mitochondrial pathway. The results could have some indications in revealing the apoptotic damage of the airway epithelial cells. Besides, inhibition of cationic protein-induced apoptotic death in airway epithelial cells could be considered as a potential target of anti-injury or antiremodeling in asthmatics.
Fluid Interfaces during Viscous-Dominated Primary Drainage in 2D Micromodels Using Pore-Scale SPH Simulations
Authors: Sivanesapillai Rakulan , Steeb Holger
Published: June 2018

We perform pore-scale resolved direct numerical simulations of immiscible two-phase flow in porous media to study the evolution of fluid interfaces. Using a Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics approach, we simulate saturation-controlled primary drainage in heterogeneous, partially wettable 2D porous microstructures. While imaging the evolution of fluid interfaces near capillary equilibrium becomes more feasible as fast X-ray tomography techniques mature, imaging methods with suitable temporal resolution for viscous-dominated flow have only recently emerged. In this work, we study viscous fingering and stable displacement processes. During viscous fingering, pore-scale flow fields are reminiscent of Bretherton annular flow, that is, the less viscous phase percolates through the core of a pore-throat forming a hydrodynamic wetting film. Even in simple microstructures wetting films have major impact on the evolution of fluid interfacial area and are observed to give rise to nonnegligible interfacial viscous coupling. Although macroscopically appearing flat, saturation fronts during stable displacement extend over the length of the capillary dispersion zone. While far from the dispersion zone fluid permeation obeys Darcy’s law, the interplay of viscous and capillary forces is found to render fluid flow within complex. Here we show that the characteristic length scale of the capillary dispersion zone increases with the heterogeneity of the microstructure.
The Making of a Marjaʿ: Sīstānī and Shiʿi Religious Authority in the Contemporary Age
Authors: Rizvi Sajjad
Published: June 2018

Anyone considering the question of religious authority among the contemporary Shiʿa not least in Iraq will recognize the paramount significance of Ayatollah Sīstānī, described as the most important marjaʿ in the world. This paper examines the phenomenon of marjaʿiyya, considers how one becomes a marjaʿ, and traces the rise of Sīstānī to the pre-eminent position that he now holds and juxtaposes his model of leadership with other modern Shiʿi models of religious authority articulated by Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran and Bāqir al-Ṣadr in Iraq. Marjaʿiyya is a multivocal and in many ways a quintessentially modern institution that has proved to be highly resilient and adaptable in the face of challenges coming from globalizing modernity. In Iraq and in the region, Sīstānī has proven to be the most effective non-state wielder of authority and influence not just among believers but more widely in society and constitutes the most successful example of the Shiʿi marjaʿiyya in modern times.
Patient HLA Germline Variation and Transplant Survivorship
Authors: Petersdorf Effie W. , Stevenson Philip , Malkki Mari , Strong Roland K. , Spellman Stephen R. , Haagenson Michael D. , Horowitz Mary M. , Gooley Ted , Wang Tao
Published: June 2018

Purpose

HLA mismatching increases mortality after unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation. The role of the patient’s germline variation on survival is not known.

Patients and Methods

We previously identified 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms within the HLA region as markers of transplantation determinants and tested these in an independent cohort of 1,555 HLA-mismatched unrelated transplants. Linkage disequilibrium mapping across class II identified candidate susceptibility features. The candidate gene was confirmed in an independent cohort of 3,061 patients.

Results

Patient rs429916AA/AC was associated with increased transplantation-related mortality compared with rs429916CC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.73; P = .003); rs429916A positivity was a proxy for DOA*01:01:05. Mortality increased with one (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.36; P = .05) and two (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.41 to 4.45; P = .002) DOA*01:01:05 alleles. HLA-DOA*01:01:05 was a proxy for HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding FEY ( P < 10E-15) and FDH ( P < 10E-15) amino acid substitutions at residues 26/28/30 that influence HLA-DRβ peptide repertoire. FEY- and FDH-positive alleles were positively associated with rs429916A ( P < 10E-15); FDY-positive alleles were negatively associated. Mortality was increased with FEY (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.13; P = .00008) and FDH (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.93; P = .04), whereas FDY was protective (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.98; P = .02). Of the three candidate motifs, FEY was validated as the susceptibility determinant for mortality (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.67; P = .05). Although FEY was found frequently among African and Hispanic Americans, it increased mortality independently of ancestry.

Conclusion

Patient germline HLA-DRB1 alleles that encode amino acid substitutions that influence the peptide repertoire of HLA-DRβ predispose to increased death after transplantation. Patient germline variation informs transplantation outcomes across US populations and may provide a means to reduce risks for high-risk patients through pretransplantation screening and evaluation.
Increase in Adiponectin Level Prevents the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Men With Low Adiponectin Levels
Authors: Kashiwagi Risa , Yamada Yuya , Ito Yoshito , Mitsui Yuto , Sakaue Takaaki , Iwamoto Ryuya , Saisho Kenji , Tamba Sachiko , Yamamoto Koji , Watanabe Takehiko , Fujimoto Takashi , Iwahashi Hiromi , Matsuzawa Yuji
Published: June 2018

Context

Low serum adiponectin (Ad) level is an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective

To determine whether the changes in Ad in subjects with low baseline serum Ad levels can reduce the rate of development of T2DM.

Design/Setting/Participants

We performed a large-scale longitudinal study of 7052 healthy Japanese men who underwent general health checkups more than twice between April 2007 and May 2015 at the Physical Check up Center, Sumitomo Hospital. The participants were divided into quartile groups according to baseline Ad level. Subjects of the lowest baseline Ad group (≤5.2 μg/mL) were subdivided into quartile subgroups according to the percent change in Ad (%ΔAd) and into two subgroups according to endpoint Ad (>5.2 and ≤5.2 μg/mL).

Main Outcome Measures

The cumulative incidence rate of T2DM.

Results

The cumulative incidence rate of T2DM of the lowest baseline Ad group (≤5.2 μg/mL) was significantly higher than the other quartile groups. The cumulative incidence rates of T2DM were significantly lower in the largest (≥21.5%) and the second largest (9.3% to 21.4%) %ΔAd-increased subgroups compared with the %ΔAd-decreased subgroup (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). The cumulative incidence rates of T2DM were significantly lower in the endpoint Ad >5.2 μg/mL subgroup than in the ≤5.2 μg/mL subgroup (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Increases in serum Ad levels of at least ~10% or >5.2 μg/mL can potentially reduce the risk of development of T2DM in Japanese men with low baseline Ad levels who are at a high risk of developing T2DM.
Rare health conditions 13: tuberculosis, whooping cough (pertussis) and malnutrition
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this series is to highlight a range of rare health conditions: those that affect no more and usually less than 1 person in every 2000. Many HCAs and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of them. This thirteenth article will briefly explore three of these conditions: tuberculosis, pertussis and malnutrition.
Der Joker im Schauspiel
Authors: Koban Ellen
Published: June 2018

Der Joker im Schauspiel birgt das Potential zur Überschreitung von Kategorien wie Geschlecht, Alter und Behinderung - weit über die Grenzen des Theaters hinaus. Welche ästhetische und soziale Kraft der Joker-Figur innewohnt, zeigt Ellen Koban in ihrer ethnografischen Feldstudie, indem sie dem ›Herz‹ des deutschen Stadttheaters auf den Grund geht. Im Nachvollzug seiner historischen Genese und anhand von qualitativen Interviews mit Theaterpraktiker_innen beleuchtet sie die institutionalisierten Voraussetzungen des Ensemblesystems am Beispiel der 2016 mit dem Gertrud-Eysoldt-Ring ausgezeichneten Schauspielerin Jana Schulz, die gemeinsam mit Regisseur Roger Vontobel seit Jahren mit und an diesen - teils auch gegen diese - strukturellen Bedingungen des Ensembletheaters arbeitet.
Capacitación socioafectiva de alumnos y profesores a través de la mediación y la resolución de conflictos
Authors: Iriarte Redín Concha , Ibarrola-García Sara
Published: June 2018

La mediación escolar conlleva un aprendizaje activo y experiencial que capacita para la convivencia positiva al mismo tiempo que permite el desarrollo de alumnos y profesores. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cuál es el impacto de la mediación que las personas implicadas han percibido personalmente y en su entorno de convivencia. Los resultados ponen de relieve la percepción de aprendizajes emocionales, sociocognitivos y morales y la mejora de la convivencia en el centro educativo.
Biodiversitas Karang Batu (Scleractinia) di Perairan Kendari (Biodiversity of Corals (Scleractinian) at Kendari Waters)
Authors: Sirongoringo Rikoh M , Palupi Ratna D , Hadi Tri A
Published: June 2018

Perairan Kendari merupakan bagian dari wilayah segitiga karang dunia atau lebih dikenal dengan kawasan Coral Triangle Initiative yang memiliki keragaman karang yang sangat tinggi. Daerah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil dilokasi ini mempunyai potensi yang sangat baik bagi kehidupan manusia, namun pada beberapa lokasi terdapat beberapa aktivitas penambangan di darat, yang mana sedikit banyak pasti berdampak bagi kehidupan ekosistem di daerah pantai. Pengamatan terhadap komunitas karang dilakukan di 5 stasiun dengan mengunakan metode transek garis (Line transect). Tujuan pengamatan untuk mengetahui Kondisi terumbukarang, biodiversitas karang. Dari hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kondisi karang masih dikategorikan baik dengan rerata persentase tutupan karang 60,25 % (SE 7,08). Persentase tutupan karang hidup mulai dari 42,90-82,60 %. Persentase karang tertinggi berada di Teluk Wawobatu (ST. 1) Sedangkan yang paling rendah yaitu di patch reef Tukalanggara, Gosong Timur (ST. 2). Keragaman karang tertinggi di Pulau Bahulu (ST. 4) walaupun sedimentasi dan pengaruh air tawar terlihat jelas, namun keragaman karang masih tinggi. Jumlah jenis karang baik dari hasil transek maupun koleksi bebas diperoleh 184 jenis karang batu yang masuk dalam 15 famili. Kondisi substrat dasar sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan polyp karang untuk tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi karang dewasa.Kata kunci: biodiversitas, karang bat, Perairan KendariKendari Waters are well known as The Coral Triangle Region in which has great biodiversity of corals. The Coral regions and The small islands in this location possess good potential aspects for human beings, but on the other hand, in particular areas, there are some minning activities which more or less affect the life of marine ecosystem in coastal areas. The observation of coral communities was carried out at five sites utilizing LIT as the method. The aim of this research is to invesitgate the condition of coral reefs and coral biodiversityl. The result indicates generally the coral reef conditions are categorized in good condition, having avarage of the coral cover percentage up to 60,25% (SE 7,08). The coral cover percentage ranges from 42,90-82,60 %. The highest percentage belongs to Wawobatu bay (ST. 1), whereas The lowest belongs to patch reef Tukalanggara (ST. 2). The highest biodiversity belongs to Bahulu island (ST. 4) although the sedimentation and the impact of fresh waterstill obviously occur. The number of corals observed from both LIT and free collection transects is 184 species divided into 15 families. The condition of the bottom substrate influences the success of coral polyps to grow and develop into adutl coralsKey words: biodiversity, stony coral and Kendari waters
Biological treatment and ultrafiltration of woodchip pre-hydrolysis liquor from dissolving pulp mills
Authors: Condezo Castro Tatiana Aurora , Silva Claudio Mudadu , Colodette Jorge Luiz , Mounteer Ann H.
Published: June 2018

Dissolving pulps could be considered as the future biorefineries, which normally generate liquor during the wood chip pre-hydrolysis (PHL). PHL has high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Mills do not have efficient means for disposal of PHL, being in general burned in the recovery boiler with a high cost due to its low consistency. The objectives of this work were to evaluate i) the biotreatability of PHL and the effects it would have on a kraft mill effluent biological treatment plant and ii) the use of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane to treat the PHL prior to biological treatment. PHL was generated into lab with a hydrothermal process and was mixed with kraft pulp mill effluent in different proportions and added to sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The SBRs achieved high rates of COD removal (>75 %). However, treated effluent COD increased with the increase in PHL dose. This treatment using UF membranes reduced the COD load. Biotreatability of the UF permeate was higher than that of PHL. UF retentate, with 28 % of the volume and a much higher solids content than the initial PHL, would have a significantly lower evaporation energy demand if sent to the black liquor evaporators.
Welche Fachpersonen zeigen sich in der Literatur zuständig für die spirituellen Bedürfnisse von Patientinnen und Patienten mit einer neuen Krebsdiagnose?
Authors: Zumstein-Shaha Maya , Alder Judith
Published: June 2018

Spiritualität und Spiritual Care sind vielfach diskutiert im Gesundheitswesen. Einerseits fördern die Vorgaben der Weltgesundheitsorganisation WHO die zunehmende Visibilität. Andererseits ist Spiritual Care in den Kompetenzkatalogen für die Ausbildung von ärztlichen und pflegerischen Fachpersonen verankert. Jedoch bestehen konkurrenzierende Definitionen zu Spiritualität und Spiritual Care. Außerdem spielen Spiritualität und Spiritual Care bei chronischen und anderen lebensbedrohlichen Erkrankungen vor allem am Lebensende eine Hauptrolle. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Bedeutsamkeit von Spiritualität und Spiritual Care für Menschen mit einer neuen Krebsdiagnose basierend auf einer Literaturübersicht darzustellen.Bereits mit der Krebsdiagnose wird Spiritualität für die Mehrheit der Betroffenen wichtig. Aufgrund der existenziellen Bedrohung durch die Krebserkrankung stellen sich Fragen zum Lebenssinn. Auf spirituelle Anliegen wird kaum eingegangen. Dabei wird das Wohlbefinden eingeschränkt oder es können sich Reaktionen bis zu Disstress oder Hadern einstellen. Bei spirituellen Anliegen kann Spiritual Care passende Antworten bieten und zur Erhaltung oder Förderung des Wohlbefindens beitragen. Es ist daher wichtig, dass bei Menschen mit einer neuen Krebserkrankung die spirituellen Bedürfnisse frühzeitig erhoben werden. Alle involvierten Fachpersonen sind aufgefordert, die spirituellen Bedürfnisse zu erfassen. Basierend auf diesen Angaben können schließlich passende unterstützende Spiritual Care Maßnahmen sowie Überweisungen an spezialisierte Fachpersonen angeboten werden.
L' organisation à la japonaise : ses sources de succès et sa transférabilité à l’extérieur du Japon
Authors: Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle , Rolland David
Published: June 2018

(Version originale parue dans le vol. 9 no. 2 (2000))
Cáncer de Apéndice: Revisión Bibliográfica
Authors: Madrigal Jiménez Sofía , Herrera Mora Giovanny
Published: June 2018

El cáncer de apéndice es una entidad patológica poco común, donde la mayoría de diagnósticos se derivan de un hallazgo incidental post apendectomías. Debido a ser poco conocida, el tratamiento prevalece controversial. Desde el año 2000 se ha visto un aumento de la incidencia, por lo cual es una patología de importancia para estudio según tendencias de su comporta-miento.
Reporte de caso: infección grave por Plasmodium falciparum en viajera gestante que regresa de Ghana, África.
Authors: Ramírez Carcode Manuel , Masís Mejía Rodrigo , Jiménez Solera María
Published: June 2018

La malaria es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el protozoario Plasmodium spp. Inoculado al hospedero humano por el mosquito hembra Anopheles durante su alimentación; corresponde a una infección endémica en regiones tropicales.La infección grave por malaria suele asociarse principalmente al Plasmodium falciparum. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina en primer trimestre de embarazo, quien regresa de un viaje de Ghana, África; con síntomas de sangrado vaginal, fiebre y malestar general, por lo que es admitida al hospital para complementar estudios. Se hizo el diagnóstico de infección grave por P. falciparum y se inició manejo intravenoso con antipalúdicos.
Bloqueo atrioventricular de primer grado asociado a bloqueo de rama derecha del haz de His
Authors: Baquero Bárcenas Laura M , Quesada Aguilar Carlos I.
Published: June 2018

El bloqueo de conducción atrioventricular de primer grado y el bloqueo de rama derecha del haz de His presentan una característica en común: usualmente son asintomáticos. El trastorno de conducción intraventricular se ha asociado con un aumento en el riesgo cardiovascular y con un aumento en la mortalidad por cualquier causa. Los bloqueos AV, a pesar de ser de I grado, se han asociado a unmayor riesgo de muerte, falla cardiaca y fibrilación atrial. Se presenta un electrocardiograma con estos dos hallazgos y una prolongación marcada de la conducción atrioventricular. Se revisará brevemente los criterios diagnósticos y puntos clave en el manejo de estos pacientes.
La Revolución Rusa y su impacto en Occidente: El caso de los Historiadores marxista británicos
Authors: Barrientos Valverde Jorge
Published: June 2018

El presente trabajo desarrolla un análisis de la obra y los aportes de los historiadores marxista británicos al calor del impacto de la Revolución Rusa, grupo de estudio nacido en la década de los cincuenta, y recorre las principales obras y tesis de algunos de los historiadores de esta agrupación más relevantes y paradigmáticos entre 1950 y el presente. Como hipótesis planteamos que esta agrupación a lo largo de su historia genera por lo cronológico, lo ideológico, lo político y lo analítico tres generaciones principales de historiadores y escritores de gran nivel intelectual. Cada uno de ellos caracterizado por sus motivaciones, intereses y luchas personales, pero también por las coyunturas y corrientes de pensamiento y análisis que fueron surgiendo. Sin duda esta agrupación marcó un cambio y un punto de inflexión paradigmático en la historiografía moderna que vale la pena retomar y revitalizar en nuestro contexto
Responsabilidad Social Universitaria y su Aplicación a la Gestión de Herramientas Administrativas en el Centro de Privación Provisional de Libertad Sector Guayaquil – Ecuador, Una Mirada Reflexiva Humanística
Authors: Peláez Freire José Miguel
Published: June 2018

El alcance de la investigación es de tipo explicativo, ya que no solo se recrean las características visibles a simple vista en el proceso de capacitación, sino que se explica el comportamiento, las conductas y las transformaciones que se evidencian en los sujetos, contribuir a la gestión del conocimiento en herramientas administrativas para formar capacidades, habilidades gerenciales en los internos privados de libertad, desde un enfoque humanístico.Persona y empresa actualmente no son sinónimos de generar cambios, la empresa se ubica en primer lugar dejando de lado el valor del ser humano y su influencia como valor en la empresa, Se pretende tener una mirada más humana al ámbito organizacional empresarial, partiendo desde una experiencia formativa con personas privadas de la libertad, facilitándoles herramientas que les permita en un futuro hacer empresa desde una visión más humana.
An Online Study Based on Self-Perception of Electronic Devices and Media Platform Addiction
Authors: Banerjee Satyabrat , Gupta Neena
Published: June 2018

Studies have shown strong association between electronic gadget users and their addiction, especially among mobile users with digital dependencies. The present study extended the research by exploring the contrivances underlying these associations.

Purpose: This study examines digital technology and human behaviour and its linkage with mobile and computer usage. Next, it closely examines its relationship to social media platforms. Finally, it focuses on how this affects mobile and media addiction or dependency towards its user.

Methods of Research: The questions were selected based on self-perception dependency scale and mobile addiction scale. Online Google form was used as a platform to prepare survey questionnaire. Students and teachers from Allahabad and Delhi-NCR region were selected for the pilot study. Ages ranged between 15 to 75 years. A total of 120 respondents were requested for participation of whom, 118 (98%) returned the filled questionnaire. The internal consistency as assessed by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.837 in this study using SPSS software.

Result: The use of electronic devices are becoming an eminent part of our lives, due to ever changing technology towards – touch screen, high definition resolution, faster processor ,increased memory and many more features; it makes the electronic devices convenient to perform day to day tasks at greater ease and speed. 56.8% respondents stated that they are dependent on electronic devices, since there are many forms of electronic devices present with an individual. One electronic device can be substituted for another for which reason there is dependency on electronic devices at any given point of time. The use of mobile is exponentially increasing in relation to other electronic gadgets. There is a higher frequency for checking mobile during incoming notification (34.7%); Checking mobile every 5- 15 minutes is mainly due to the ease of using mobile phone in our daily lives. Compared with laptop or desktop computer users; mobile phone users are more dependent and possessive towards their mobile as compared to other electronic devices.
Profitability of foodstuff processing companies in V4 countries during the 2008-2012 economic crisis
Authors: Vavřina Jan , Lacina Lubor
Published: June 2018

Food processing companies in the members of the Visegrad Group have had similar conditions to sustain and develop their business activities since entering the single European market in 2004. It is necessary above all to stress the levelling instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy within the context of negative external impacts, which diminish in relation to the economic status of businesses, specifi cally SMEs. The objective of this paper is to identify similarities and differences in the profi tability of foodstuff producers from the Visegrad countries during the global economic crisis between 2008 and 2012. The paper uses fi nancial and non-fi nancial factors and employs a multiple correspondence analysis approach. Corporate fi nancial data for the companies was sourced from the Amadeus of Bureau van Dijk database for 2008-2012. Non-fi nancial factors within the sample of business entities include economic size and residence. The fi ndings reveal similarities in corporate profi tability among observed countries of residence and other distinctive factors.
Kitap Tanıtımı: Arapların Gözüyle Bizans
Authors: ÖZEL Cemal
Published: June 2018

Temelini
Harvard Üniversitesi’nde savunulan bir doktora tezinin oluşturduğu bu çalışma,
Bizans hakkındaki Arap-İslam görüşünün yüzyıllar boyunca süren savaş, temas ve
karşılıklı alışveriş ile geçirdiği evrim sürecinin bölgesel-tarihsel gelişmeler
bağlamında izini sürmektedir. Kitap Giriş, Bizans’la karşılaşma, Bizans’ın karşısında
durmak, İslam savunmada ve Yeni bir gerçeklik: Bizans’ı yeniden
ziyaret başlıkları altında dört ana bölüm ve Sonuç kısmından
oluşmaktadır. Başlıklardan da anlaşılacağı üzere, dört ana bölümün her biri
nitelikleri belirgin dönemleri ele almaktadır. Bu yazıda da kitabın mevcut
sistematiğine uyularak her bir kısım ayrı ayrı ele alınmış, yazarın temel
iddiaları özetlenmiş, seçme örnekler verilmiş ve tüm bunlar değerlendirilmiştir.
Seçmeli Din Derslerini Seçen Öğrencilerin Seçmeli Din Dersleri Hakkındaki Değerlendirmeleri: Kırıkkale Örneği
Authors: YAZIBAŞI Muhammed
Published: June 2018

2012-2013 eğitim
öğretim yılından itibaren haftalık ders çizelgeleri içerisine seçmeli dersler
ilave edilmiştir. Söz konusu seçmeli dersler içerisinde “din, ahlak ve
değerler” grubu içerisinde Hz. Muhammed’in Hayatı, Kur’an-ı Kerim ve Temel Dini
Bilgiler (I-II) dersleri de yer almaktadır.  
Seçmeli din derslerini seçen öğrencilerin ders içerikleri, ders
kitapları, öğretmen yeterlilikleri gibi hususlarda öğrencilerin
değerlendirmelerini tespit etmeyi amaçlayan bu araştırma 2017-2018
eğitim-öğretim yılında Kırıkkale İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı beş farklı
okulda eğitim gören 413 öğrenci üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada tarama modeli
ve anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; seçmeli din
derslerinde işlenen konular öğrencilerin günlük ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermektedir.
Öğrencilerin söz konusu dersleri seçmelerinde ailelerin etkisi bulunmaktadır.
Seçmeli din ders kitaplarının hazırlanmasına özen gösterilmemektedir. Seçmeli
derslerde okutulan ders kitaplarında yeteri kadar etkinliğe yer verilmemektedir.
Derslere giren öğretmenler öğrenciler tarafından yeterli görülmektedir. Özellikle
Kur’an-ı Kerim derslerinde sınıfların kalabalık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

﻿
Mahiyet ve Muhatap Açısından Mübhemâtu’l-Kur’ân
Authors: YÜKSEL Muhammed Bahaeddin
Published: June 2018

﻿Ulûmu’l-Kur’ân’a dair son teşekkül eden ilim,
Mübhemâtu’l-Kur’ân İlmi’dir. Kur’ân’daki belirsiz anlatımları ve medlüllerini
konu edinen mübhemât, genel bir tarifle kendisinden ne kastedildiği tam olarak anlaşılamayan
lafızlar olarak tanımlanır. Kur’ân’ın mübhemlerine dair ilk çalışmaların sahabe
döneminde gerçekleştiği söylense de, alana dair ilk eser, altıncı yüzyılda
kaleme alınmıştır. Kur’ân ilimlerinin en şereflisi olarak takdim edilen
mübhemât, gerek muhataplar açısıdan ve gerekse mahiyeti açısından bazı sorunlu
yaklaşımlara konu olmuştur. Yapılan tariflerde herhangi bir ayrıma gidilmeden
Kur’ân’ın ilk muhatapları ile sonraki muhatapların aynı kategoride
değerlendirilmesi ve yine Kur’ân’a bir metin muamelesi yapılması bu hatalı
yaklaşımlardan bazılarıdır. Bununla birlikte özellikle itikâdî fırkaların teşekkülüyle
başlayan meşruiyet arayışı sürecinde mübhemât, yoğun istismara konu olmuş, bu
durum ise mübhemât üzerine eserlerin telif edilmesini zorunlu ve lüzumlu hale
getirmiştir.
DİNDARLIK, SİBER ZORBALIK VE PROBLEMLİ İNTERNET KULLANIMI İLİŞKİSİNE DAİR NİCEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KORKMAZ Sezai , MEHMEDOĞLU Ali Ulvi
Published: June 2018

﻿Bu araştırmada, siber
zorbalık/mağduriyet, problemli internet kullanımı ve dindarlıkla ilişkili
alanyazın incelenmiş ardından cinsiyet ve yaşa göre grup farklılıkları ve
değişkenlerin birbirleri arasındaki korelasyon ilişkileri ortaya konulmaya
çalışılmıştır. Araştırma, 16-55 yaş arasındaki 1130 kişiden oluşan
katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler üzerine yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Kişisel
Bilgi Formu, Yenilenmiş Siber Zorbalık Envanteri, Genellenmiş Problemli
İnternet Kullanımı-2 Ölçeği ve iki farklı Dindarlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.  Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre cinsiyet ve yaşa
göre siber zorbalık, problemli internet kullanımı ve dindarlıkta gruplar
arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşma olduğu görülmüştür. Dindarlık
ile siber zorbalık/mağduriyet ve problemli internet kullanımı arasında negatif
yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur.
Religious Education as a Scientific Discipline: The Establishment of Religious Education Department at Ankara University Divinity Faculty
Authors: TOSUN Cemal
Published: June 2018

During the research, in order to reveal the
historical development of department of religious education, archives of Ankara
University Divinity Faculty were examined. First-hand information was derived
from decision books of Administrative, Professors and Faculty Board. When
exploring the characteristic features, scientific orientations and
contributions of Department of Religious Education, the scientific works
carried out by department’s academicians and their graduate and postgraduate
students were referred to.

In this article, the
theoretical and practical contributions concerning the rise and development of
religious education science, its basic characteristics, orientations and fields
as an academic discipline in Turkey are discussed. Religious education made its
first step into academic disciplines at the Ankara University Divinity Faculty.
And first academicians in the field of religious education were taught at this
faculty. Department of Religious Education, which was established after a long
time, took the lead in educating religious education academicians in newly
established divinity faculties. Moreover; the end of this article, information
is given in relation to the general institutional appearance of religious
education in nowdays Turkey.
Intrapopulation recurrent selection by mixed models in papaya of the formosa group
Authors: Moreira Sarah Ola , Kuhlcamp Karin Tesch , Barros Fabíola Lacerda de Souza , Zucoloto Moises , Moitinho Alyce Carla Rodrigues
Published: June 2018

Abstract Few cultivars of papaya from the Formosa group are available to producers, and the development of new genotypes is indispensable. Thus, the use of effective selection strategies to obtain more productive cultivars and better quality fruits is also necessary. The aim of this study was to select of half-sib families (HSF) of papaya using the methodology of mixed models. Nineteen HSFs from the Incaper’s papaya breeding program were evaluated in a randomized block design with five replicates and nine plants per plot. The selection was made based on fruit mass (FM), pulp thickness (PT), soluble solids content in pulp (SS) and number of fruits (NF). The genetic parameters and genotypic values were estimated by the REML/BLUP procedure. The selected HSFs increased FM by 26.1%; the PT in 10.5%; the SS in 7.5% and; the NF in 13.0%. The additive heritability within the progenies and the individual variation coefficient obtained indicate that the selection between and within the HSFs can provide greater genetic gains. The selection based on the REML/BLUP methodology was efficient to obtain simultaneous genetic gains for all variables under study despite the negative correlation between them.