bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planejamento de carreira: Uma orientação para universitários
Authors: De Lima-Dias Maria Sara , Penna Soares Dulce Helena
Published: September 2012

Este artigo discorre sobre o planejamento de carreira de universitários, que tem como objetivo atender a necessidade dos alunos de apoio psicológico para a fase da transição da universidade para o mundo do trabalho. A indecisão sobre qual caminho seguir após o período universitário é frequente para os estudantes e se caracteriza como um momento permeado de dúvidas, inseguranças e angústias sobre o futuro. A complexidade do trabalho flexível exige das instituições de ensino superior comprometimento com os egressos e uma preparação para os riscos imponderáveis do contexto profissional. A proposta de uma disciplina de Orientação Profissional, para alunos formandos de uma universidade pública, culminou com a publicação pelas autoras de um livro intitulado Planejamento de Carreira: uma orientação para estudantes universitários. Este apresenta uma metodologia específica para auxiliar os estudantes a planejar de suas carreiras e possibilita à universidade oferecer um apoio objetivo neste processo. A disciplina aborda as temáticas da escolha da profissão, o conhecimento de si, o entendimento dos anos universitários, as realidades do mercado de trabalho e da inserção profissional, através de exercícios de dinâmicas de grupo e técnicas de planejamento de carreira. A experiência na disciplina demonstra que o apoio psicológico é fundamentalna inserção dos estudantes no mundo do trabalho.
Implicações psicológicas da pobreza na vida do povo latinoamericano
Authors: Camurça Cidade Elívia , Ferreira Moura Junior James , Morais Ximenes Verônica
Published: September 2012

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as reflexões empreendidas sobre a emergência da categoria pobreza e suas possibilidades de diálogo com a Psicologia tomando como cenário a realidade latino-americana e brasileira. Para tanto, parte-se da discussão da pobreza a partir de um enfoque multidimensional, que coloca em evidência a impossibilidade de que este fenômeno seja capturado somente a partir de questões monetárias. Ao contrário, coloca-se em pauta a necessidade de seja pensada a realidade psíquica, simbólica e política vivida por sujeitos nessas condições. A pobreza, uma das manifestações do processo de marginalização ao qual foi submetido o povo latino-americano, contribui para o desenvolvimento de formas singulares de estruturação do psiquismo. Apesar da pobreza e da realidade social da América Latina constituírem de forma singular o psiquismo humano, este sujeito deve ser compreendido como potencial e em expansão, não anulando sua capacidade de enfrentar e de transformar uma realidade social opressora. Neste estudo de natureza bibliográfica, são, portanto, apresentadas categorias psicológicas emergentes em condições de pobreza, tais como a Ideologia de Submissão e de Resignação (Góis, 2008), a Cultura da Pobreza (Martín-Baró, 1998), a Cultura do Silêncio (Freire, 1980) e a Síndrome Fatalista (Martín-Baró, 1998), demonstrando a capacidade do indivíduo de (re)agir diante de condições de vida que lhes são dolorosas. Por conseguinte, a observação dessas categorias contribui para enfatizar a possível e necessária implicação da psicologia com os sujeitos que se encontram em condições de opressão, desnaturalizando concepções e anunciando compreensões a partir do ponto de vista dos sujeitos.
Sentidos de chefia familiar feminina em contextos de comunidades populares
Authors: Foletto Bevilaqua Caroline , Stumpf Buaes Caroline
Published: September 2012

A chefia familiar feminina confere à mulher brasileira uma posição de destaque frente às responsabilidades familiares e está se tornando constante nas comunidades populares. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetiva analisar os sentidos que as mulheres atribuem à posição de chefe de família. Esta pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico, teve como instrumento de coleta de dados entrevistas biográficas e diários de campo. Participaram deste estudo cinco mulheres chefes de família de uma comunidade da cidade de Santa Maria/ RS. Os resultados indicam que a chefia familiar é associada ao trabalho, à administração do orçamento, ao cuidado dos filhos e do lar. A ausência de um companheiro resulta em um aumento da exigência para as mulheres, mas lhes concede status e reconhecimento pelo grupo familiar, pois a chefe de família abdica de projetos individuais em prol do coletivo. Dessa forma, a mulher fortalece sua autonomia e constrói um espaço que possibilita sua constituição como sujeito transformador de sua realidade.
Desempenho acadêmico nas séries do ensino fundamental: Relação com o desenvolvimento social
Authors: Cia Fabiana , Severino Lopes da Costa Carolina
Published: September 2012

Este estudo teve por objetivos: (a) verificar a relação entre os problemas de comportamento, o repertório de habilidades sociais e o desempenho acadêmico de crianças e adolescentes e (b) identificar a porcentagem de crianças e adolescentes com problemas de comportamento e baixo desempenho acadêmico, segundo a opinião dos professores. Participaram do estudo 27 professores, de um total de 215 alunos da 1ª a 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental, com média de idade de nove anos. As professoras responderam ao Social Skills Rating System- Versão para Professores (que avalia o repertório de habilidades sociais, os problemas de comportamento e o desempenho acadêmico do aluno). Utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson para verificar a relação entre as variáveis estudadas. Os resultados mostraram que o repertório de habilidades sociais e os problemas de comportamento (internalizantes, externalizantes e total) estavam negativamente correlacionados entre si, ou seja, quanto maior o repertório de habilidades, menor os índices de problemas de comportamento. Além disso, quanto maior os problemas de comportamento menor o desempenho acadêmico das crianças e dos adolescentes. Respondendo ao segundo objetivo, mais da metade das crianças e dos adolescentes foram avaliados pelas professoras com baixo repertório de habilidades sociais e com altos índices de problemas de comportamento e 27,3% da amostra apresentou desempenho acadêmico abaixo da média. Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade de intervir com crianças e adolescentes para melhorar o repertório de habilidades sociais e assim diminuir a probabilidade de apresentar problemas ao longo do desenvolvimento.
Validade concorrente entre instrumentos de avaliação da compreensão em leitura e da escrita
Authors: Boulhoça Suehiro Adriana Cristina , Angeli dos Santos Acácia Aparecida
Published: September 2012

O presente estudo buscou por evidência de validade concorrente entre instrumentos de avaliação da compreensão em leitura e da aprendizagem da escrita. Participaram 221 crianças, ambos os sexos, entre 6 e 12 anos (M=8,53; DP=1,40) de primeira a quarta séries do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do interior de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi coletiva, tendo sido os participantes submetidos ao teste de Cloze, elaborado para avaliação da compreensão em leitura de alunos do ensino fundamental, e à Escala de Avaliação da Escrita (EAVE). Assumindo que as habilidades de leitura e escrita envolvam processos distintos, os resultados obtidos confirmaram a estreita relação existente entre ambas, ilustrada pelo alto índice de correlação identificado entre as duas medidas (r=-0,84; p<0,001), o que lhes confere a evidência de validade pretendida. Ao lado disso, ficou demonstrado que o nível escolar e a idade das crianças são variáveis importantes na avaliação da compreensão em leitura e da aprendizagem da escrita.
Avaliação de resiliência: Um estudo exploratório com pacientes oncológicos
Authors: Borges de Lima Júlia , Cavalcanti Ferreira de Araujo Tereza Cristina
Published: September 2012

Resiliência é um processo dinâmico de resistência e adaptação a contextos adversos, que envolve múltiplos fatores de risco e de proteção. Trata-se, portanto, de problemática relevante para o campo da saúde – e particularmente em Oncologia –, pois amplia a compreensão sobre as condições que favorecem a sobrevivência. Sendo assim, realizou-se a avaliação de 15 pacientes com 29 e 49 anos de idade e em tratamento no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Universitário de Brasília. A pesquisa foi autorizada por comitê de ética e a coleta de dados abrangeu a aplicação de: um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Resiliência de Wagnild e Young (adaptada para a população brasileira) e o Inventário de Resiliência proposto por Benevides-Pereira. Os resultados indicaram que nenhum paciente morava sozinho, sendo que a constante presença de familiares pode ter contribuído para a autoavaliação positiva estimada em 73,3% dos participantes. De acordo com os dados obtidos pela Escala de Resiliência, somente três indivíduos foram apontados como “menos resilientes”. No Inventário de Resiliência, os pacientes considerados resilientes apresentaram, em sua maioria, escores normais ou acima da média, ao passo que os menos resilientes tiveram escores na média. Apenas os fatores “inovação e tenacidade” e “assertividade” diferiram significativamente entre pacientes resilientes e não resilentes. Recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de mais estudos sobre resiliência em Oncologia, no intuito de subsidiar programas institucionais que assegurem e incrementem a qualidade de vida de pessoas acometidas por um câncer ao longo de seu ciclo de vida.
CULTURA DE PAZ, MORALIDADE E VIRTUDES CÍVICAS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICOLOGIA CULTURAL
Authors: Moreira Letícia De Sousa , Branco Angela Uchoa
Published: September 2012

Este artigo traz uma reflexão teórica acerca da construção da Cultura de Paz, a partir da interdependência de fatores culturais e psicológicos como moralidade e virtudes cívicas. A partir da perspectiva sociocultural construtivista, argumentamos que as significações e as interações sociais típicas de um contexto cultural específico resultam em uma unidade inseparável, e os processos de significação mediados pela comunicação, na cultura, adquirem um papel constitutivo da cidadania. Nesse sentido, a ação moral e ética envolve a justiça, e a cidadania resulta de uma relação coerente entre o individual e o coletivo, que irá permitir a aproximação entre julgamento, ações e interações morais necessárias à construção da cidadania e da paz. Ações orientadas pelo princípio de justiça, pela cooperação e solidariedade consolidam a idéia de que as interações humanas podem ser geradoras da paz e serem desenvolvidas através de práticas pró-ativas que dependem tanto dos sujeitos quanto das sociedades envolvidas no processo. Entende-se que motivação e ações pró-sociais estão profundamente relacionadas à ética (normas coletivas) e à moralidade (princípios pessoais), e podem surgir com base em reflexões conscientes aplicadas à transformação individual, e orientadas para a construção e vivência de práticas fundamentais para promover uma Cultura de Paz nos vários contextos de desenvolvimento humano.
Desempenho no trabalho: Revisão da literatura
Authors: Bendassolli Pedro Fernando
Published: September 2012

O desempenho humano no trabalho é uma dimensão-chave para a psicologia organizacional e para a gestão de pessoas. Apesar de a literatura científica sobre o tema parecer privilegiar uma única faceta desse constructo, relativa ao desenvolvimento de métricas e modelos de avaliação, avanços nas últimas décadas têm tentado chamar a atenção para a necessidade de analisar o desempenho como um conceito substantivo, isto é, um constructo em si mesmo. O objetivo geral deste artigo é realizar uma síntese da literatura científica sobre desempenho na perspectiva que o toma como um constructo substantivo. Em específico, discute o significado de desempenho e alguns dos pressupostos das pesquisas sobre essa temática. Em seguida, apresenta seis modelos de desempenho referendados na literatura e, por fim, sintetiza as principais frentes e tópicos de pesquisa nessa área, orientadas por tais pressupostos e modelos. Finalmente, o artigo indica questões críticas que podem ser relevantes para a pesquisa e reflexão sobre desempenho na atualidade.
Saúde mental do policial militar: Relações interpessoais e estresse no exercício profissional
Authors: Couto Gleiber , Brito Emerson De Araujo Garro , Vasconcelos-Silva André , Lucchese Roselma
Published: September 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar características da saúde mental do policial militar, para tanto foi investigada a percepção do policial sobre variáveis de estresse e características de relacionamento interpessoal em grupos divididos pelo tempo de exercício profissional. Participaram 325 alunos dos cursos de formação de oficiais da Policia Militar de um estado brasileiro com idades entre 18 e 49 anos (M= 31,9 e DP= 8,3), sendo 90,8% dos sujeitos do sexo masculino (297). O tempo de serviço como policial variou entre 2 meses e 23,75 anos (M=10,56 e DP=8,54). Os sujeitos responderam ao Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp (ISSL) e ao Checklist d eRelações Interpessoais – Revisado (CLOIT-R). Os resultados apontaram sintomas de estresse em 55,9% da amostra. Apontaram também o efeito positivo do tempo de carreira na saúde dos policiais, primeiro pela redução dos sintomas de estresse e de características interpessoais negativas ao longo da carreira e, segundo pelo aumento correspondente entre as características interpessoais positivas e tempo de carreira. Concluiu-se que novos estudos são necessários para ampliar as informações sobre o tema e foi recomendado que as atenções institucionais e as eventuais medidas profiláticas sejam direcionadas para o início da carreira policial.
Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Administration Site Reactogenicity of Polyanhydride‐Particle‐Based Platform for Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Huntimer Lucas , Ramer‐Tait Amanda E. , Petersen Latrisha K. , Ross Kathleen A. , Walz Katherine A. , Wang Chong , Hostetter Jesse , Narasimhan Balaji , Wannemuehler Michael J.
Published: September 2012

Efficacy, purity, safety, and potency are important attributes of vaccines. Polyanhydride particles represent a novel class of vaccine adjuvants and delivery platforms that have demonstrated the ability to enhance the stability of protein antigens as well as elicit protective immunity against bacterial pathogens. This work aims to elucidate the biocompatibility, inflammatory reactions, and particle effects on mice injected with a 5 mg dose of polyanhydride nanoparticles via common parenteral routes (subcutaneous and intramuscular). Independent of polymer chemistry, nanoparticles more effectively disseminated away from the injection site as compared to microparticles, which exhibited a depot effect. Using fluorescent probes, the in vivo distribution of three formulations of nanoparticles, following subcutaneous administration, indicated migration away from the injection site. Less inflammation was observed at the injection sites of mice‐administered nanoparticles as compared to Alum and incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Furthermore, histological evaluation revealed minimal adverse injection site reactions and minimal toxicological effects associated with the administration of nanoparticles at 30 days post‐administration. Collectively, these results demonstrate that polyanhydride nanoparticles do not induce inflammation as a cumulative effect of particle persistence or degradation and are, therefore, a viable candidate for a vaccine delivery platform.
Subtle Changes to Polymer Structure and Degradation Mechanism Enable Highly Effective Nanoparticles for siRNA and DNA Delivery to Human Brain Cancer
Authors: Tzeng Stephany Y. , Green Jordan J.
Published: September 2012

Polymeric materials can be used to deliver nucleic acids such as DNA plasmids and siRNA, but often have low efficacy in human cells. To improve gene delivery, an array of over 70 hydrolytically degradable and bioreducible poly(beta‐amino ester)s are synthesized and the properties of over 200 nanoparticle formulations fabricated from these biomaterials are evaluated. The effect of different polymer structures on the delivery of nucleic acids of different structures and sizes, including siRNA, linear DNA, and circular DNAs (1.8‐26 kb), is evaluated. Significantly, leading hydrolytically degradable polymeric nanoparticles deliver DNA to 90 ± 2% of primary human glioblastoma cells with <10% nonspecific cytotoxicity, better than leading commercially available reagents (p < 0.01). Bioreducible polymeric nanoparticles optimized for siRNA delivery cause up to 85 ± 0.6% knockdown in these cells as well while maintaining high viability. From a single dose, knockdown is higher than for Lipofectamine 2000 (p < 0.01) and persisted for one month. Polymer molecular weight is a driving factor of transfection efficacy for some polymer structures (correlation of r2 = 0.63), but has no influence on transfection for other structures (r2 = 0.01). Polymers with a reducible cystamine functional group dramatically improve siRNA delivery by facilitating quick release while generally decreasing DNA delivery compared with non‐reducible counterparts (p < 0.01). Other material properties facilitate DNA delivery compared with siRNA delivery or increase delivery of both DNA and siRNA.
Study on the structure, morphology, and properties of end‐functionalized star‐shaped solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber
Authors: Bai Yu , Zhao Suhe , Tong Yuanyuan , Zhang Xingying , Liu Xiao , Tian Miao
Published: September 2012

Three kinds of star‐shaped solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (S‐SSBR) were synthesized by living anionic polymerization using a self‐made multifunctional organic lithium initiator. One was S‐SSBR with 100% coupling degree. Others were the functionalized S‐SSBR which had macromolecular chain‐free ends terminated directly (ES‐SSBR‐1), and macromolecular chain terminated after dissociation in the polymerization solution (ES‐SSBR‐2) by 3‐chloropropyl trimethoxy siloxane. The molecular structure parameters of three kinds of SSBR were determined and the end‐functionalized efficiency was calculated. The rheological properties, mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of ES‐SSBR and S‐SSBR composites filled with silica (SiO2)–carbon black (CB) were investigated. The morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the dispersion of the two kinds of filler in the composites was distinguished by X‐ray energy spectrometry. The results showed that the mixing speed of hydrophilic SiO2 powder in the ES‐SSBR was higher than that in the S‐SSBR. SiO2‐CB/ES‐SSBR composites presented excellent mechanical properties, high wet‐skid resistance, and low rolling resistance. Two kinds of nanofiller in the ES‐SSBR exhibited outstanding doping nanometer dispersion and good distribution, which indicated that after being coupled and end‐functionalized, the two free ends of the macromolecular chains formed chemical bonding with the surface chemical groups of CB and SiO2, respectively. Accordingly, ES‐SSBR was a remarkable energy‐saving elastomer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and clay stabilization of a water‐soluble copolymer based on acrylamide, modular β‐cyclodextrin, and AMPS
Authors: Liu Xiangjun , Jiang Wenchao , Gou Shaohua , Ye Zhongbin , Luo Cheng
Published: September 2012

A modular β‐cyclodextrin copolymer for clay stabilization was prepared from 2‐O‐(allyloxy‐2‐hydroxyl‐propyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (XBH), acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and sodium acrylate (NaAA) via redox free‐radical copolymerization. The effects of reactive conditions (such as initiator concentration, monomer ratio, reaction temperature, and pH) on the apparent viscosity of the copolymer were investigated and the optimal conditions for the copolymerization were established. The copolymer obtained was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, viscosity measurements, rheological measurement, core stress test, and X‐ray diffractometry. The crystalline interspace of MMT could be reduced from 18.95323 Å to 15.21484 Å by copolymer AM/NaAA/AMPS/XBH. And this water‐soluble copolymer also showed remarkable anti‐shear ability, temperature resistance, and salt tolerance (1000 s−1, viscosity retention rate: 35%; 120°C, viscosity retention rate: 75%; 10,000 mg/L NaCl, viscosity retention rate: 50.2%; 2000 mg/L CaCl2, viscosity retention rate: 48.5%; 2000 mg/L MgCl2, viscosity retention rate: 42.9%). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Syntheses of cyclic poly(lactones) by zwitterionic ring opening polymerization catalyzed by N‐heterocyclic carbene
Authors: Vishwa Prasad Aitha , Yinghuai Zhu
Published: September 2012

Synthesis of cyclic biopolymers from renewable monomers remains a big challenge because of lack of efficient catalysts. The organocatalyst of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), (+)‐1‐methyl‐3‐menthoxymethyl imidazol‐2‐ylidene, is used to prepare cyclic polylactones including poly(ε‐caprolactone) (poly(ε‐CL)), poly(δ‐valearolactone) (poly(δ‐VL)), and poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐δ‐valearolactone) (poly(ε‐CL‐co‐δ‐VL)) via zwitterionic ring opening polymerization. The NHC catalyst is founded a highly efficient organic catalyst for the polymerization. The resulting cyclic polymers show a melting temperature (Tm) in a range of 20–60°C, which is dramatically lower than the Tm of cyclic poly(lactide) (Tm = 120–150°C). The resulting copolymer, cyclic poly(ε‐CL‐co‐δ‐VL) owns high molecular weight comparing with corresponding linear poly(ε‐CL‐co‐δ‐VL) produced by other catalysts. The synthesized cyclic homo and copolymers were characterized by 1H‐, 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetric analysis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and Positive Inotropic Evaluation of (E)‐2‐(4‐Cinnamylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐N‐(1‐substituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐7‐yl)acetamides
Authors: Wu Yan , Ma Long‐Xu , Niu Tian‐Wei , Meng Fan‐Ling , Cui Xun , Piao Hu‐Ri
Published: September 2012

A series of (E)‐2‐(4‐cinnamylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐N‐(1‐substituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐7‐yl)acetamides were synthesized and evaluated for their positive inotropic activity by measuring the left atrium stroke volume on isolated rabbit heart preparations. This class of compounds presented favorable in vitro activity compared with the standard drug, milrinone, among which N‐(1‐(3‐chlorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐7‐yl)‐2‐(4‐cinnamylpiperazin‐1‐yl)acetamide 5e was found to be the most potent with 16.58 ± 0.11% increased stroke volume (milrinone: 2.46 ± 0.07%) at a concentration of 3 × 10−5 M. The chronotropic effects of the compounds having inotropic effects were also evaluated.
What about forensic psychiatry as a career? Undergraduate and early post‐graduate medical perspectives
Authors: Thomas Alec
Published: September 2012

Background

Medical students in the UK are encouraged to plan their career earlier than ever before. What do they need to do that?

Aim

To explore the roles of the undergraduate curriculum and the foundation programme from the perspective of a foundation trainee looking towards a career in forensic psychiatry, and to conduct a pilot survey of undergraduates and early trainees about their knowledge and wishes with respect to forensic psychiatry.

Findings

A fifth of those given a questionnaire responded. Among 36 responders, 14 were considering a career in forensic psychiatry. Some of the remainder did not know about the option at all; no one felt that they had sufficient information about this career option.

Conclusions and implications for practice

This was a pilot study with a low response rate, and confined to Wales, so the findings must be regarded with caution. Nevertheless, it does appear that a concerted effort by medical schools and relevant professional bodies to provide more information and encouragement to trainees at an early stage would be likely to support recruitment to the specialty of forensic psychiatry. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training in forensic psychiatry when no nationally recognised scheme exists
Authors: Gómez‐Durán Esperanza L , García‐Largo Leticia Muñoz
Published: September 2012

Background

In some European countries, forensic psychiatric training is formalised within a psychiatric framework. In others, the approach is radically different, but the end result may be a practitioner who is qualified to practise forensic psychiatry in all European jusrisdictions.

Aim

The aim of this study is to describe the context of training to work with offender‐patients in Spain.

Information and discussion

There is no nationally recognised training scheme in forensic psychiatry in Spain but rather a dichotomy between legal doctors, trained to assess offenders and provide reports for the courts but not necessarily in psychiatry, and psychiatrists, trained in clinical management and treatment but not necessarily in relation to offender patients. This dichotomy arose as training pathways diverged historically, legal medicine being the older discipline. In this system, the courts are always assured of an independent medical opinion, although treating psychiatrists would generally advise on release decisions. Almost all offender‐patient treatment is in prisons. The system is heavily dependent on the goodwill and drive of practitioners who seek to provide themselves with dual skills in the absence of national guidance and support for such training. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The treating psychiatrist as expert in the courts: is it necessary or possible to separate the roles of physician and expert?
Authors: Taylor Pamela J. , Graf Marc , Schanda Hans , Völlm Birgit
Published: September 2012

Background

Certified medical specialists, including forensic psychiatrists, from the 27 member states of the European Union (EU) may practise in each other's countries, but there are professional and legal differences between them. One may lie in whether a patient's treating doctor/clinician may give expert evidence about that person in court.

Aims

To examine similarities and differences between EU jurisdictions in law and practice in combining or separating such roles and to review the evidence in support of either position.

Methods

A psychiatrist with court experience was contacted in each EU country about law, practice and guidance on division of clinician–expert roles. Published literature was searched for an evidence base for practice in the field. Additional material is from discussion at a residential meeting of practising forensic psychiatrists from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the UK.

Results

All acknowledge that a treating clinician can never be an independent expert in that case, but the 22 (of 27) EU countries responding vary in law and practice on whether the dual role may be assumed. There has been almost no research interest in factors relevant to separation of roles. International discussion revealed that ethical and practice issues are not straightforward.

Conclusions

On current evidence, either separation or combination of clinical and expert roles in a particular case may be acceptable. Insofar as there are national legal or professional guidelines on this issue, anyone practising in that country must follow them and may safely do so, regardless of practice in their native country. The most important ethical issue lies in clarity for all parties on the nature and extent of roles in the case. This paper has additional material online. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of the Cementation Process for the Removal of Copper in Process Effluent Discharges
Authors: Nazim M. , Pal P. , Al Shoaibi A. , Elkamel A.
Published: September 2012

Cementation is an effective process that meets the requirements of process cleanliness. The performance of the cementation reaction is dictated by a number of variables. In this study, the effects of various parameters on the yields of copper‐iron cementation (wire and powder) were investigated. Statistical full factorial designs were used to produce appropriate mixture models for the yields. The experimental designs were done at three different levels of three operating variables, namely initial concentration, temperature, and pH. The optimization studies were carried out with MATLAB 7.0 software. The optimum yields obtained from the predicted models were found to be 0.9916 and 0.9088 for iron wire and powder, respectively, under optimized conditions, and these were in accordance with the experimental observations.
Adsorbent Evaluation Based on Experimental Breakthrough Curves: Separation of p‐Xylene from C8 Isomers
Authors: Silva M. S. P. , Moreira M. A. , Ferreira A. F. P. , Santos J. C. , Silva V. M. T. M. , Sá Gomes P. , Minceva M. , Mota J. P. B. , Rodrigues A. E.
Published: September 2012

The search for new adsorbents with enhanced capacity and selectivity, suitable for application on large‐scale simulated moving‐bed units for separation of p‐xylene, requires efficient, reliable, and fast adsorbent characterization methods for this specific separation. Fixed‐bed experiments were carried out under the conditions of the Parex process to evaluate a faujasite‐type zeolite as adsorbent for the separation of p‐xylene from its isomers in the proportions of the real Parex feed stream. The experimental breakthrough curves were used to evaluate the selected adsorbent in terms of nonselective and selective volumes, adsorption capacity, selectivity, and productivity, which can be applied to identify the feasible separation region for different operating conditions.
Non‐covalently Functionalized Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes: A Supramolecular Approach of Selective Zinc Ions Sensing in Living Cells
Authors: Yu Miao , Liu Yuping , Chen Yong , Zhang Ning , Liu Yu
Published: September 2012

A fluorescent cyclodextrin/carbon nanotube assembly was easily constructed through the non‐covalent attachment of adamantanylpyrene on carbon nanotube and the following association of cyclodextrin derivative bearing fluorescent substituent, and its structure was fully characterized by UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopic and fluorescence microscopic studies showed that the resultant non‐covalently functionalized fluorescent nanotube could be used as a highly selective fluorescent probe for Zn2+ in both water and living cells. Without carbon nanotube, the fluorescence probe was unable to enter the cell but only anchored on the cell membrane. This approach will overcome the disadvantage of many spectral sensors that are unable to enter living cells and greatly improve the application of naotube‐related supramolecular architecture in nanoscience and technology.
Infrared Photodissociation Spectra of Mass‐Selected Homoleptic Dinuclear Palladium Carbonyl Cluster Cations in the Gas Phase
Authors: Cui Jieming , Xing Xiaopeng , Chi Chaoxian , Wang Guanjun , Liu Zhipan , Zhou Mingfei
Published: September 2012

Infrared spectra of mass‐selected homoleptic dinuclear palladium carbonyl cluster cations Pd2(CO)n+ (n=5–8) are measured via infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching frequency region. The structures are established by comparison of the experimental spectra with simulated spectra derived from density functional calculations. The Pd2(CO)5+ cation is characterized to have two weakly semibridging CO groups with C2 symmetry. The Pd2(CO)6+ and Pd2(CO)7+ cations are determined to involve one weakly semibridging CO group. The Pd2(CO)8+ cation is a CO coordination saturated cluster, which is determined to have a D2d structure with all of the carbonyl groups terminally bonded. Bonding analysis indicates that these cluster cations each has a PdPd half bond. The PdPd distance increases with the number of CO ligands.
Mixed Rare‐Earth Complexes of Eu(III) and Y(III) with Pyridine‐2,4,6‐tricarboxylic Acid and Their Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Zhao Xiaoqing , Liu Mingli , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng
Published: September 2012

A series of rare‐earth luminescent complexes {[Eu(pta)(H2O)3]·H2O}n (1, H3pta=pyridine‐2,4,6‐tricarboxylic acid) and {[EuxY(1−x)(pta)(H2O)3]·H2O}n (2–10) have been synthesized. Complexes 1 and 8 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, while other complexes were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, displaying the similar structural mode. The luminescent properties of complexes 1–10 were investigated and the results show that the emission intensities of mixed rare‐earth complexes 2–10 are the same or even higher than that of homometallic complex 1 with the increasing Y(III) ions.
Block and Hetero Ethyl Cellulose Graft Copolymers Synthesized via Sequent and One‐pot ATRP and "Click" Reactions
Authors: Li Qinmei , Kang Hongliang , Liu Ruigang
Published: September 2012

Ethyl cellulose graft copolymers with block and hetero side chains, ethyl cellulose graft [polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)] [EC‐g‐(PS‐b‐PEG)] and ethyl cellulose graft polystyrene and polyethylene glycol [EC‐g‐(PS‐PEG )] were synthesized by atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and alkyne‐azide "click" reactions and "one‐pot" ATRP and "click" reactions, respectively. For the synthesis of EC‐g‐(PS‐b‐PEG), the macroinitiator for ATRP was first synthesized via the esterification of hydroxyl groups of EC with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide to result ethyl cellulose 2‐bromoisobutyryl ester (EC‐Br). The degree of substitution of bromide groups, which determined the graft density, can be tailored by varying the feeding ratios of the hydroxyl groups to 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. Then ATRP was carried out for preparing EC‐g‐PS‐Br with well‐defined length of PS chains. The EC‐g‐PS‐Br copolymers were then converted to EC‐g‐PS‐N3 and then reacted with end alkyne‐functionalized PEG via click to result in EC‐g‐(PS‐b‐PEG). The EC‐g‐(PS‐PEG) copolymers were synthesized by converting bromide groups of EC‐Br to azide groups (EC‐Br‐N3) and then by one‐pot ATRP and "click" reactions. The resultant graft copolymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The results indicate the success of the synthetic procedure of the cellulose graft copolymers with block and hetero side chains.
Exploring Quaternized Hydroxyethylcellulose as Potential Gene Carriers
Authors: Ding Fei , You Jun , Weng Xiaocheng , Zhou Jinping , Zhang Xiaolian , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Lina
Published: September 2012

Cationic polysaccharides have been receiving more attentions and used as nonviral gene delivery vectors. In this paper, quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose (QHEC) derivatives were studied as gene carriers for their efficient DNA binding abilities. All QHECs could form stable QHEC/DNA complexes and resist the degradation of DNase I. And the dynamic light scatter (DLS) results showed that all QHEC/DNA complexes could form compact particles. These QHEC/DNA complexes exhibited effective transfection abilities in comparison to the naked DNA. The cytotoxicities of QHEC and QHEC/DNA complexes were also evaluated in four cell lines which were relatively low compared with 25 kDa bPEI. All results indicated that these quaternized hydroxyethylcelluloses could be used as potential gene delivery vectors.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photoluminescent Property of Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Mixed Carboxylate and Imidazole‐Containing Ligands
Authors: Su Zhi , Fan Jian , Okamura Taka‐aki , Sun Weiyin
Published: September 2012

Three new metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [Zn(tib)(PDC)] (1), [Zn3(tib)2(CHDC)3]·8H2O (2) and [Zn3(tib)2(BTC)2]·4.95H2O (3) were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of ZnCl2 with 1,3,5‐tris(1‐imidazolyl)benzene (tib) and different carboxylate ligands of 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (H2PDC), 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (H2CHDC) and 1,3,5‐benzenetriacetic acid (H3BTC), respectively. The complexes were characterized by IR, thermogravimetric analysis, single crystal and powder X‐ray diffractions. Complex 1 has a binuclear structure, in which one imidazole group of tib is free of coordination, while 2 has three‐dimensional (3D) framework with the CHDC‐Zn microcycles filled into the tib‐Zn 3D net, and 3 is a 2‐fold interpenetrating 3D framework with the interconnection of two one‐dimensional (1D) chains formed by BTC‐Zn and tib‐Zn, respectively. The different structures of 1–3 are resulted from the distinct carboxylate ligands. In addition, complexes 1–3 show obvious emissions at room temperature in the solid state.
Regulation of integrin trafficking, cell adhesion, and cell migration by WASH and the Arp2/3 complex
Authors: Duleh Steve N. , Welch Matthew D.
Published: September 2012

WASH is a nucleation‐promoting factor for the Arp2/3 complex that is implicated in multiple endocytic trafficking pathways including receptor recycling, cargo degradation, and retromer‐mediated receptor retrieval. We sought to examine whether WASH plays an important role in trafficking of specialized cargo molecules such as integrins, for which trafficking is highly regulated during cell migration. We observed that subdomains of early/sorting endosomes associated with dynamic WASH and filamentous actin, and α5‐integrins trafficked through this population of endosomes. Depletion of WASH caused accumulation of α5‐integrins in intracellular compartments, reduction of α5‐integrin localization at focal adhesions, and reduction in focal adhesion number. Transport of α5‐integrins from internal endocytic structures to focal adhesions was disrupted upon WASH depletion or Arp2/3 complex inhibition. Furthermore, WASH‐depleted cells displayed greatly reduced affinity for specific extracellular matrix proteins including fibronectin and impaired cell spreading ability. Interestingly, the reduced adhesion capacity of WASH‐depleted cells resulted in their migrating more rapidly than control cells in wound healing assays. Our results define a requirement for WASH, Arp2/3 complex, and actin in specialized trafficking of integrins. These findings highlight a role for actin dynamics in influencing cell adhesion and migration via endocytic trafficking of integrins, in addition to the well‐established role of actin in plasma membrane dynamics and contractility. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Active and passive rotations with Euler angles in NMR
Authors: Millot Yannick , Man Pascal P.
Published: September 2012

Euler angles are commonly used for orientating a coordinate frame relatively to another or for describing the rotation of rigid body about a fixed point. Unfortunately, there is no standard notation for Euler angles and rotation axes in composite rotation matrices. Two types (passive and active) of rotation are possible; each of them can be performed either in rotated or in fixed frames. We suggest a notation harmonization for composite rotation matrices. To this end, we first gather the conditions and conventions available in the literature. Second, the matrices of elementary rotation about basis vectors are identified because they participate in the construction of composite rotation matrices. They allow us to determine the type of composite rotation matrix. Third, we introduce the Euler angles during the description of two composite rotations of bases. This permits us to anticipate the type of the resulting composite rotation matrices. It results the central convention that suggests us to order Euler angles and rotation axes in the definition of composite rotation matrix in the same way as the three elementary rotation matrices. This convention is not always applied in the literature. Fourth, we confirm our anticipation using composite rotation of vector. Fifth, this central convention permits us to define the multiplication order of two composite rotation matrices straightforward. Finally, we apply the matrices of composite active rotation about fixed axes to X‐pulse, spin‐lock pulse, and magnetization inversion pulses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 40A: 215–252, 2012.
Auto‐tuning of level 1 and level 2 BLAS for GPUs
Authors: Sørensen Hans Henrik Brandenborg
Published: September 2012

The use of high‐performance libraries for dense linear algebra operations is of great importance in many numerical scientific applications. The most common operations form the backbone of the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS) library. In this paper, we consider the performance and auto‐tuning of level 1 and level 2 BLAS routines on graphical processing units. As examples, we develop single‐precision Compute Unified Device Architecture kernels for three of the most popular operations, the Euclidian norm (SNRM2), the matrix–vector multiplication (SGEMV), and the triangular solution (STRSV). The target hardware is the most recent Nvidia (Santa Clara, CA, USA) Tesla 20‐series (Fermi architecture), which is designed from the ground up for high‐performance computing. We show that it is essentially a matter of fully utilizing the fine‐grained parallelism of the many‐core graphical processing unit to achieve high performance for level 1 and level 2 BLAS operations. We show that auto‐tuning can be successfully employed to kernels for these operations so that they perform well for all input sizes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adapting bioinformatics applications for heterogeneous systems: a case study
Authors: Lanc Irena , Bui Peter , Thain Douglas , Emrich Scott
Published: September 2012

The advent of new sequencing technologies has generated extremely large amounts of information. To successfully apply bioinformatics tools to such large datasets, they need to exhibit scalability and ideally elasticity in diverse computing environments. We describe the application of previously obtained lessons to a new workflow with and without shared file storage. Because the original workflows have an intractable sequential running times on large datasets, we propose lessons and results for refactoring bioinformatics tools for elastic scaling on personal clouds. Our case studies describe the various challenges faced when constructing such a workflow, from dealing with failure detection, to managing dependencies, to handling the quirks of the underlying operating systems. The practice of scaling bioinformatics tools is increasingly commonplace. As such, this hands‐on application of refactoring techniques can serve as a valuable guide. Significantly, our customized Makeflow framework enabled generalizable deployment on a wider variety of systems while substantially reducing wall clock runtimes using hundreds of cores. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Human Resource Management: An analysis of common practices and their determinants in Spain
Authors: Celma Dolors , Martínez‐Garcia Esther , Coenders Germà
Published: September 2012

This paper examines the scope, types, and degree of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices currently employed in human resource management (HRM) in Spain, and its determinants. It analyses firm, employee, and job‐related characteristics which affect the implementation of CSR in HRM. It also offers an overview of the current situation regarding CSR in HRM for a wide range of economic sectors, employees, job characteristics, and HRM practices. Information is obtained from employees rather than CEOs. Results show that companies do not engage in CSR practices to the same extent. The scope of CSR differs among types of HRM practices. The practices curently applied are grouped more according to type than to degree of responsibility. Another relevant result is that some variables such as a firm's dimension, have a clear effect on the likelihood that an employee benefits from responsible labour practices, but their effects generally vary for different types of practices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Corporate Community Involvement In Bangladesh: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sharmin Shuchita , Khan Niaz Ahmed , Belal Ataur Rahman
Published: September 2012

This paper empirically examines a corporate community involvement (CCI) initiative in Bangladesh. Drawing on a conceptual framework of ‘collaborative betterment’ and ‘collaborative empowerment’ and by using focus group discussions and interviews, it assesses the initiative to examine the extent to which it meets expectations of the community where it operates. Some of the key findings of the paper include: (i) although the initiative provides vital healthcare services to some of the most vulnerable and desperately poor communities, the level of actual engagement of the local people – the main stakeholders – has been marginal; (ii) when the principles of collaborative betterment and empowerment are considered, it can be concluded that the initiative struggles even as a ‘betterment’ process; and (iii) notwithstanding the rhetoric and high‐blown statements, corporate role in terms of practical efforts in the field has been mostly superficial and limited. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Institutions as Determinant Factors of Corporate Responsibility Strategies of Multinational Firms
Authors: Duran Juan Jose , Bajo Nuria
Published: September 2012

This article examines whether the relative market value and corporate responsibility (CR) performance of multinational corporations (MNCs) that comply with rigorous international standards are explained by the degree of institutional development, the capitalist model of the country of origin, and the industrial sector in which the MNCs operate. Based on a sample of 336 MNCs from 24 countries included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index and the FTSE4Good Index, we find that the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy among large MNCs is primarily determined by the capitalist (and institutional) model of their country of origin and the sector of activity in which such firms operate. Namely, more than four‐fifths of the firms belong to globally integrated sectors. In general, MNCs perform a global (integrated) CR strategy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Optical Emission of Molecular Hydrogen in a Recombining Hydrogen Plasma
Authors: Sasaki K. , Asakawa R.
Published: September 2012

We observed optical emission of molecular hydrogen in a recombining hydrogen plasma with an electron temperature of 0.1 eV and an electron density of 3 × 1012cm–3. The optical emission intensities of molecular hydrogen in the recombining plasma were roughly 10%–45% of those in an ionizing plasma with an electron temperature of 4 eV. The ratio was greater for a transition line originated from an excited state with a larger vibrational quantum number. Because of the low electron temperature of 0.1 eV, the production processes of excited states are not considered electron impact excitation in the recombining plasma. Possible recombination processes are discussed which produce excited states of molecular hydrogen in the recombining plasma (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)