bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Behavioral Workshop for Training Immediate Supervisors: The Key to Neck and Back Injuries?
Authors: Linton Steven James
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the short-term effects of a workshop for 22 immediate supervisors designed to reduce musculoskeletal pain injuries. One group of supervisors received training on how to deal with musculoskeletal injuries, while the control group of 14 received no training. 36 male immediate supervisors and 171 male employees within the Swedish railroad system completed questionnaires before and after the intervention. The trained supervisors' ratings showed that they enjoyed the workshop and believed that it improved their skills. Moreover, trained supervisors significantly more often than the controls showed target behaviors and attitudes compatible with course content. Finally, employees of the trained supervisors reported significantly more often than the control group that their supervisor used target behaviors. It is concluded that an educational program for immediate supervisors is viable and may lead to changes in attitude and behavior. Teaching supervisors to work with employees is a rich field for future investigation; the long-term effects of such programs need to be studied.
Spatial and Temporal Suppressive Behavior of Bitter-Sweet Mixtures
Authors: Calviño A. M. , Garrido D.
Published: August 2011

Bitter-sweet suppression in sucrose-caffeine mixtures was checked directly by measure of perceived intensity and total persistence time and indirectly by measure of the volume of water employed to remove each taste sensation.
Peak Activation Time, Extraversion, and Students' Achievement
Authors: Beaulieu R. P.
Published: August 2011

Ninety-five men and women enrolled in three sections of a junior course on organizational behavior were differentiated with respect to peak activation time, extraversion, sleep patterns, and cumulative grade point average. Analyses indicate that those 19 most alert in the morning awoke earlier in the day, went to bed earlier at night, and had higher grade point averages than those 36 most alert in the afternoon or in the evening. Those most alert in the morning appeared to be more introverted than those most alert in the afternoon, who seemed to be more introverted than those most alert in the evening.
Attentional Demands of a Temporal Prediction Task: The Trajectory of a Tennis Ball
Authors: Hofe A. Vom , Fery Y. A.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this paper was to explore performance by 8 men, 18 to 35 years old, on a task of visual-coincidence judgment using a tennis ball as a stimulus. Focus on attentional demands in different viewing conditions (total vs partial vision) at different points along the ball's path served to assess relative demands. The findings indicate that interference between the visual coincidence task and the probe task was constant across conditions and was weakly differentiated across probe positions. This supports the assumption that the timing process rests upon a higher mechanism.
How Perceived Incentive, Task Confidence, and Arousal Influence Performance
Authors: Yancey George B. , Humphrey Edye , Neal Kevin
Published: August 2011

With expectancy theory of motivation, small relationships with performance are expected. The present study suggests that various components of expectancy theory, which are usually combined in a multiplicative or additive fashion, may have countervailing influences on performance. The opposing effects of the components could cancel each other out. A positive relationship between perceived incentive and arousal was hypothesized, while a negative relationship between task confidence and arousal was hypothesized. Arousal, in turn, is related to performance curvilinearly. 46 undergraduates were provided feedback on a practice test prior to taking a mathematics examination. After examining their incentive, confidence, and arousal, analysis supported both hypotheses.
Validation of an Aid for Selection of Instructional Media and Strategies
Authors: Swezey Robert W. , Llaneras Robert E.
Published: August 2011

A job aid, for use by instructional developers, which facilitates the selection of instructional media and strategies (MS. AID) was evaluated. Results indicate that the aid can significantly increase the effectiveness and reliability of decisions.
Improving African Children's Cognitive Development through Training
Authors: Mwamwenda Tuntufye S.
Published: August 2011

According to Piaget, cognitive development can be realized with maturation and environmental experience, but he attached some significance to training as a means of facilitating cognitive development. This paper gives brief summaries of eight studies carried out in Africa clearly showing that cognitive development can be facilitated by training.
Relation of Anxiety about Social Physique to Location of Participation in Physical Activity
Authors: Spink Kevin S.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of anxiety about social physique to location of participation in physical activity. 37 nursing students completed the Social Physique Anxiety Scale and answered questions relating to the location of the physical activity in which they participated. Women were assigned to either a high- or low-anxiety group based on these scores. An examination of the reported location where participation in physical activity occurred showed that more high than low scorers reported a tendency to exercise privately than publicly; the number was higher than expected. Perhaps high scorers prefer exercise settings that provide less opportunity for their physiques to be evaluated.
Biochemical and Galvanic Skin Responses to Music Stimuli by College Students in Biology and Music
Authors: VanderArk Sherman D. , Ely Daniel
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine biochemical and physiological responses to musical stimuli. Specifically, university music and biology students' plasma levels of norepinephrine, endorphin, and Cortisol, and their galvanic skin responses were measured before and after listening to two different musical selections in an anechoic chamber and during controlled silence. The results indicated that biochemical variables changed significantly in both groups during listening to music but were not different during the controlled silence. These data suggest that music majors may listen more analytically to music. GSR responses were significantly higher for music majors than biology majors, and plasma Cortisol increased in music students but decreased in biology students. Music which elicits specific emotions induces physiological changes which may be beneficial to relaxation and behavioral therapies.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: LXXXVII. Aries Naftali Remembered: 1911–1990
Authors: Lewinson Thea Stein
Published: August 2011

Described are some memories of an esteemed colleague and friend, Aries Naftali, who contributed extensively to understanding of analysis of handwriting.
Knowledge and Motor Performance
Authors: Kerr Robert , Boucher Jean-Louis
Published: August 2011

Traditionally, motor skill acquisition has implied that the performance of a given individual on a particular skill is dependent on the amount of prior practice of that skill. However, concepts such as schema theory, or kinetic formulae, or the strategic allocation of resources imply that, even when practising specific skills, performers gain knowledge about their own motor performance which can be used or applied to related or novel situations. An attempt was made to relate the performance of a complex psychomotor task to differing levels of motor skill expertise or knowledge (athlete and nonathlete). 20 subjects performed (1600 responses) on a novel pursuit or tracking task. Analysis indicated that the athletes performed significantly better. Their main advantage appeared to be more in their ability to control and produce fast, accurate movements than in their decision-making. Accepting Henry and Rogers' 1960 proposition that there is no such thing as a general motor ability or coordination factor does not imply that the only alternative is for all motor skills to be specific. It is argued that the differences in the present study arose from the athletes' greater knowledge (schema, kinetic formulae) related to their understanding of their own motor capabilities.
Prebedtime Activity and Sleep Satisfaction of Short and Long Sleepers
Authors: Rutter Sandra , Waring-Paynter Kimberly
Published: August 2011

Significant correlations between prebedtime activities and sleep satisfaction varied with sleep length in 115 college students: 15 short sleepers who listened to music were less satisfied with sleep, while 18 long sleepers who snacked on milk and sweets were more satisfied with sleep. Longer sleepers may substitute alcohol for food as they grow older.
Cognitive Profiles and Deviation Patterns of Dyslexic Children
Authors: Masutto Cristina , Cornoldi Cesare
Published: August 2011

Cognitive profiles of 20 dyslexic children were examined using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Their ages ranged from 90 to 114 mo. (M = 106.6 mo.). Intelligence and reading comprehension were normal, but the subjects had specific problems in decoding written material. These subjects were matched with a control group of same age, sex, and sociocultural status. The dyslexic children presented specific patterns of response on WISC—R subtests and failed a battery of cognitive tests examining subcomponents of reading. For each child, a deviation score was computed which represented the imbalance among the different cognitive functions. Greater imbalance was observed among the dyslexic children in development of cognitive functions than among the normal children.
Effects of Training in Visual Discrimination after One Year: Visual Analysis of Volleyball Skills
Authors: Wilkinson Susan
Published: August 2011

Although the effects of specialized training in visual analysis of skills are well documented, whether the effects are lasting is not. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect a visual skills training program in volleyball had on participants one year after the completion of a training intervention. Subjects received either traditional performance instruction supplemented with visual training or traditional performance instruction in volleyball only. All subjects remaining in the teacher education program from a previous study were given a visual test on diagnosing errors in three different volleyball skills (the forearm pass, the overhead pass, and the overhead serve). Subjects exposed to visual training remained significantly better at diagnosing errors for the three volleyball skills one year later as compared to those subjects who had not received visual training.
Noncontingent Positive and Negative Feedback during Maximal Exercise
Authors: Kamal A. Fouad , Blais Christine
Published: August 2011

A closed skill, maximal effort on a bicycle ergometer was used to study the effects of noncontingent external feedback on performance, perceived effort, and the subject's assessment of the quality and accuracy of the feedback. The 47 subjects included elite athletes as well as physical education majors. They were asked to perform a series of 5 60-sec. trials of maximal effort, trials which included positive, negative, positive and negative, and no-feedback conditions. Although there were no significant effects on performance for the various feedback conditions, subjects judged the positive feedback favourably and as accurate, but negative feedback was judged unfavourably and considered to be inaccurate. This result is seen as supportive of the 1982 McCarrey, et al. supposition that successful athletes may have less need to internalize attributions of effect.
Catching Action: Visuomotor Adaptations in Children
Authors: Williams John G.
Published: August 2011

Videotapes of the catching action of 28 children aged 4 to 10 years were carefully observed from simultaneous frontal and lateral perspectives. For both one- and two-handed ball catching, three discernible modes of visual attention and limb movement spaced along a maturity continuum were determined. Only for the ten-year-olds catching two-handed did strategies of visual attention (predicting where the ball would be) and limb usage (grasping with the fingers) couple exclusively as in skilled, adult catching. Success in two-handed catching improved exponentially with age from 77% to 96%. For one-handed catching the success rate was 40% at ages 4, 5, and 6 years, 7.5 and 30% at 7 and 8 years, improving steadily to 92% at 10 years. In the middle of age range the drop in performance coincided with the highest incidence of mixed strategies. No gender differences on either strategy or performance were evident.
Using Subtests of the Brain Age Quotient to Screen for Cognitive Deficits among Substance Abusers
Authors: Fals-Stewart William
Published: August 2011

The subtests of the Brain Age Quotient, a brief neuropsychological battery, were used to screen for cognitive impairment in a sample of 112 substance abusers. Each of the subtests was scored, using newly developed T scores corrected for age, education, and gender, for which a mean battery score of T < 40 indicates general cognitive impairment. The chance-corrected agreement in finding cognitive dysfunction between this battery and the Average Impairment Rating T score from the Halstead-Reitan battery was adequate, κ = .81. This result suggests that, for discerning global cognitive impairment, this relatively brief neurodiagnostic screening device may be an attractive alternative to the more time-consuming Halstead-Reitan battery.
Effects of Color of Paper on Which the Profile of Mood States is Printed on the Psychological States it Measures
Authors: Jacobs Keith W. , Blandino Susan E.
Published: August 2011

The Profile of Mood States was printed on four different colors of paper (yellow, red, green, blue) and white to test whether the color of paper would influence mood state scores of 246 college students. Univariate analyses of variance identified color effects only on the Fatigue scale.
Change of Attitudes toward Skiing after Participation in a Skiing Course
Authors: Theodorakis Yiannis , Goudas Marios , Kouthouris Haris
Published: August 2011

To examine whether students' choice of a 5-wk. module is in accordance with their attitudes and whether their attitudes change after participation in the course, 50 physical education students who selected skiing as an option responded to a scale measuring their attitudes toward skiing before and after the course. 34 students who did not select skiing served as a comparison. Analysis showed that students who spent 50 hours in the course held more positive attitudes toward skiing, indicating that attitudes influenced their choice. This implies that their participation in and knowledge about skiing contributed to the alteration of their attitudes.
Contrast Sensitivity of Air-Breathing Nonprofessional Scuba Divers at a Depth of 40 Meters
Authors: Schellart Nico A. M.
Published: August 2011

Photopic contrast sensitivity of air-breathing scuba divers was measured with a translucent test pattern at depths up to 40 m. The pattern was composed of sine wave gratings with spatial frequency and contrast changing logarithmically. The spatial transfer characteristics were measured at various depths under controlled optical conditions in seawater and in fresh water. Analysis indicates that the visual contrast sensitivity, and therefore probably also acuity, of sport divers is not affected up to depths of 40 m. This holds under ideal as well as poor diving conditions.
Does Self-Efficacy Moderate Intensity of Pain?
Authors: Stevens Michael J.
Published: August 2011

75 subjects were randomly assigned to five self-efficacy conditions (High-High, High-Low, Low-High, Low-Low, and Control) in a 5 × 3 (condition × trial) design. Pressure was applied three times to an exposed finger. After baseline, subjects received false biofeedback (i.e., independent of ratings of pain) that their ability to regulate intensity of pain was either good (High-High and High-Low) or poor (Low-High and Low-Low), or there was no biofeedback (Control). After a second trial, subjects were told that their biofeedback indicated either good (High-High and Low-High) or poor (High-Low and Low-Low) regulatory ability, or they were not given biofeedback (Control). They then received a final trial. Before each trial, subjects recorded self-efficacy expectations for regulating intensity of pain. Mixed multivariate analyses of variance on ratings of intensity and self-efficacy expectations did not yield hypothesized interactions for condition × trial.
What Makes Information Important and its Influence on Learning in Self-Directed Study
Authors: Blanchard Jay , Carey John
Published: August 2011

This study investigated what makes text-based information important and what is its influence on learning. College students studied an expository text following their own self-directed study procedures. Data from Exp. 1 ( n = 60) and Exp. 2 ( n = 40) showed that information was considered important if it (a) began and ended text, (b) began a paragraph, (c) appeared at somewhat equal intervals in text, and (d) contained enumerations of concepts. Subjects recalled information that (a) began the text and (b) contained examples of enumerations. It appeared that text-based variables established what was important and this influenced learning. Implications for the selective attention hypothesis and its volume-of-attention corollary, the cycles hypothesis, and the slot-filling hypothesis are discussed.
Influence of Music and Socializing on Perceived Stress While Waiting
Authors: Stratton Valerie N.
Published: August 2011

42 women and 48 men from an introductory course in psychology served in 6 conditions (ns = 12 to 20). Music was helpful in alleviating the stress produced by having to wait for 10 min. with a small group of strangers who did not interact socially. Those college students in small groups who interacted and those who waited alone did not find the 10-min. wait to be stressful, with or without music.
Bibliography of the Psychometric Properties of the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test: 1970–1991
Authors: Lubin Bernard , Sands Eric W.
Published: August 2011

To provide a compilation of the literature on the psychometric characteristics of the Bender Visual-motor Gestalt Test since 1970, 192 suitable items found in Psychological Abstracts and Social Science Citation Index are presented in five categories: reliability, validity, factor analysis, scoring systems, and norms.
Imagined Test Situations Produce Contextual Memory Enhancement
Authors: Jerabek Ilona , Standing Lionel
Published: August 2011

Two groups of 12 undergraduates learned a 26-item list of medium-imagery words. Those who visualized an examination-hall scored better at 1-wk. recall than those who visualized countryside during learning, thereby providing confirmation of the context-dependency effect.
Eeg Alpha Activity and Hallucinatory Experience during Sensory Deprivation
Authors: Hayashi Mitsuo , Morikawa Toshio , Hori Tadao
Published: August 2011

The relationship between hallucinatory experiences under sensory deprivation and EEG alpha activities was studied. Each of seven male students lived alone in an air conditioned, soundproof dark room for 72 hours. When hallucinatory experiences occurred, the students pressed a button at once. If they could not press the button during the experience, they were required to press it two times when the hallucinatory experience was finished. Spectral analysis was performed on the consecutive EEG samples from just before button-presses to 10 min. before them, and the average alpha band amplitudes were obtained for the four epochs (0-.5, .5-2, 2-5, 5-10 min.). For the single button-presses, the amplitude of alpha band increased 2 min. before the button-presses. Right-hemisphere EEG activation was observed in the occipital area for the double button-presses. The results suggest an association between the hallucinatory experiences under sensory deprivation and the amount of EEG alpha activity.
Delays in Traffic and Motorists' Yielding to Pedestrians
Authors: Harrell W. Andrew , Bereska Tami
Published: August 2011

A field experiment was carried out in which a pedestrian attempted to cross a busy residential street. Associations of the amount of time a motorist was delayed at a four-way stop and the volume of traffic with the decision whether to stop were assessed. For 190 motorists both delay and volume were significantly related to stopping. The longer the delay at the four-way stop and the greater the volume of traffic, the less likely the pedestrian was to elicit a stop. Regression analysis showed that delay was a better predictor of motorists' stopping. These findings are consistent with Pilliavin's costs/benefits theory of helping behavior.
Specific and Diversive Curiosity in Gifted Elementary Students
Authors: Johnson Leigh , Beer John
Published: August 2011

Twenty-nine gifted students in Grades 2 to 6 from the small school districts in north central Kansas completed the Maze test and the Which-to-Discuss test. Background information such as age, sex, grade, and marital status of parents was also collected. There were no significant differences between boys and girls or for students from divorced and nondivorced parents on either the Which-to-Discuss test (specific curiosity) or the Maze test scores (diversive curiosity). The students scored significantly higher on the former test than chance guessing which suggests the students were displaying specific curiosity. Scores of these gifted students on these two tests of curiosity were significantly and positively correlated.
Priming outside of Awareness and Subsequent Stimulus Identification
Authors: Dietrich Dorothee , Theios John
Published: August 2011

The influence of priming outside of awareness on performance of a color-recognition task was investigated. Using a tachistoscope, a color word that matched (“congruent prime”) or did not match (“incongruent prime”) the target color or a blank prime was followed by a pattern mask and the target color. Identification performance was superior on the blank prime trials to the congruent prime trials, with performance on the incongruent prime trials being the lowest. A subsequent study included a meaningless (XXX) prime condition, and it was found that meaningless primes interfered with target-color identification more than the congruent and blank prime conditions, but less than the incongruent prime condition, suggesting that primes, in addition to producing semantic activation, impose demands on information-processing capacity of the perceptual system.
The Stability and Variability of Suicide Rates in the States of the Usa
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The suicide rates of the American states in 1918–1922 were only weakly associated with the rates in 1980. The mean rate had not changed by 1980, but the standard deviation of the rates had decreased.
Right Hemisphericity, Low Self-Esteem, and Unusual Experiences: A Response to Vingiano
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

Vingiano's (1992) challenge concerning the relationship between right hemisphericity, low self-esteem, mystical experiences, and religiosity can be clarified by the concept of vectorial hemisphericity. Ontogenetic intrusions of right-hemispheric processes into the left hemispheric sense of self should be experienced most frequently as an apprehensive “presence” that results in lower self-esteem. Because transient above-normal left-hemispheric activity enhances positive affect and the sense of self, concurrent right-hemispheric intrusions are experienced as mystical experiences. Religiosity would be the consequence of persistent above-normal left-temporofrontal activation that encourages the delusion. Hence, extreme conditions, such as left lateralized temporal-lobe epileptic foci, encourage both mystical and religious experiences.
To What Extent Do Interactive Pictures Promote Recall?
Authors: McKelvie Stuart J. , Cooper Diana , Monfette Patricia
Published: August 2011

In four experiments, a total of 352 subjects viewed word pairs alone or accompanied by pictures, after which they were given a cued-recall test. Although Exps. 1 and 2 showed that recall of brand names was similar with separate and with interactive pictures, it was argued that the latter provided a cue enabling subjects to combine the separate components mentally. In Exp. 3, recall of both low concrete nouns and brand names was enhanced with interactive pictures and the effect was replicated in Exp. 4 with subjects who were learning English. These results offer hope to advertisers who wish to use interactive pictures whose relationship to their names is indirect.
Time Orientation and Participation in Leisure Activities
Authors: Philipp Steven F
Published: August 2011

This investigation explored time orientation and associations with participation in leisure activities. The Experiential Inventory, a projective technique, assessed time orientation by having respondents list their most important life experiences and then match each experience with a past, present, or future time. Data from 149 randomly selected respondents in a southwestern metropolitan area provided evidence that time orientation can be significantly associated with participation in a large number of leisure activities. The present findings showed a future time orientation seemed very important for understanding participation in leisure activities.
Comments on Hudesman, Page, and Rautiainen's (1992) Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation Experiment
Authors: Fudin Robert
Published: August 2011

Hudesman, et al.'s (1992) contention that their finding and those of Ariam (1979), Parker (1982), and Cook (1985) show that subliminal psychodynamic activation (SPA) can improve academic performance is questioned. Results obtained from experiments using methodological innovations (Fudin, 1986) would allow a clearer interpretation of positive SPA outcomes.
WAIS Performance during the Acute Recovery Stage following Closed-Head Injury
Authors: Correll Robert E. , Brodginski Shirley E , Rokosz Saundra F.
Published: August 2011

WAIS profiles of 50 acute closed head-injured patients were examined and compared with those of 40 psychiatric inpatients. Patients with moderate and severe, but not with mild, head injury differed significantly from the control group on level of subtest performance. There was no significant interaction of group by subtest. The groups also differed significantly on a measure of between-subtest scatter. Discriminant function analysis incorporating measures of within-subtest scatter correctly classified 89% of all subjects. Within the head-injured group Similarities and Block Design scores were elevated, and the Digit Symbol score depressed. These results indicate that closed head-injured patients can be discriminated from psychiatric inpatients on the basis of WAIS performance, but that they do not necessarily show a characteristic WAIS profile. Within-subtest scatter may indicate information-processing deficits.
Critical Values for Evaluating Celf—R Receptive and Expressive Language Score Discrepancies
Authors: Powell Thomas W.
Published: August 2011

Psychoeducational evaluation of school-aged children may involve a comparison of examinees' language comprehension and production skills. To facilitate the diagnostic process, this paper presents a table of critical values for the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals—Revised, which can be used to evaluate the statistical significance of observed-score discrepancies. Theoretical implications of such discrepancies are also discussed.
Changes in Body Size of Elite High School Football Players: 1963–1989
Authors: Wang Min Qi , Perko Mike A. , Downey Gregory S. , Yesalis Charles E.
Published: August 2011

An examination of the heights and weights of members of the Parade Magazine's High School All-American Football Teams from 1963–1971 indicates no significant changes in the Body Mass Index of these elite athletes whereas an increased pattern in Body Mass Index was noted within this group from 1972–1989. The large increases in Body Mass Index after 1971 among the All-American high school football players raise interesting research questions; in particular, what portion of these gains can be attributed to improved nutrition and training techniques and what portion is the result of use of performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids?
Self-Other Differentiation among Psychotic and Conduct-Disordered Adolescents as Measured by Human Figure Drawings
Authors: Miller Alec L. , Atlas Jeffrey A. , Arsenio William F.
Published: August 2011

24 psychotic-spectrum adolescents were compared with 23 conduct-disordered adolescents on a self-other drawing differentiation task. Of the 24 psychotic-spectrum disordered adolescents, 14 received the diagnosis of Psychotic Disorder NOS (Group 1) and the remaining 10 had diagnoses of Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder with Psychotic Features, and Schizoaffective Disorder (Group 2). Interestingly, less impaired adolescents (Groups 1 and 3, the conduct-disordered group) showed significantly more difficulty than the more impaired adolescents (Group 2) on self-other differentiation as measured by their differentiated drawings.
A Short Measure of Self-Esteem: Some Data on Reliability
Authors: Hunter J. A. , Stringer M.
Published: August 2011

A 12-item measure of self-esteem was examined and found to be psychometrically reliable for 131 16-yr.-old respondents in Northern Ireland.
Phonological Similarity Effect is Abolished by a Silent Mouthing Task
Authors: Saito Satoru
Published: August 2011

This experiment was designed to examine the effect of silent mouthing on the phonological similarity effect. 16 undergraduates were tested for serial recall of visually presented letter sequences that were either phonologically similar or dissimilar. The letter sequences had to be remembered under two conditions, a control condition and a silent mouthing condition in which subjects had to articulate irrelevant words silently during the study period. Analysis showed the clear advantage of the dissimilar sequence over the similar one in the control condition. In contrast, this phonological similarity effect disappeared in the silent mouthing condition. This result is consistent with the working memory model.
Effects of Music on Alzheimer Patients
Authors: Lord Thomas R. , Garner Joann E.
Published: August 2011

From a large nursing care facility, 60 elderly patients diagnosed as having Alzheimer disease were randomly separated into three groups of equal size and given tests to measure their mood and mental state. For music Group 1, “Big Band” music from the 1920s and 1930s was played during their daily recreation period while Group 2 were given puzzle exercises during their activity sessions. Members of Group 3 participated in the standard recreational activities of drawing and painting. After six months, the questionnaire was again given to all participants. Analysis of variance showed the individuals in Group 1 were more alert, happier, and had higher recall of past personal history than patients in the other two groups. This suggests that music can be of therapeutic value to Alzheimer patients.
Gender Effects on “Predictions” of Computer-Random Numbers as a Function of Feedback Conditions
Authors: Vitulli William F. , Depace A. Nicholas , Holland Brooke E.
Published: August 2011

If “randomlike” behavior can be learned in a laboratory setting, a question is the extent to which men and women can profit from systematic feedback in successfully predicting random events. Undergraduate volunteers (34 men and 78 women) were asked to predict the identity of computer-random numbers arranged in sets of 25 digits (1 to 5) and displayed individually on a Televideo computer terminal. Men and women (between-subjects) were instructed to predict 4 sets of 25 random digits, and all subjects were given immediate feedback of the correct target for 2 of the four sets (within-subjects) in a counterbalanced design. Chi-squared tests of the distribution of predictions showed significant gender dependencies. Also, the distribution of predictions was significantly dependent upon whether the subjects received feedback after making a prediction. Implications for “psi” research and “chaos” theory are discussed.
Dimensions of Sensation Seeking Scale Form VI: Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Torki Mostafa A.
Published: August 2011

In this study the factor structure of the Sensation Seeking Scale Form VI was compared for the Kuwaiti and American subjects. Thrill and adventure seeking Factor, Part II Intention, showed good cross-cultural reliability for men only. The differences between findings of this analysis and that of Zuckerman could be interpreted as evidence of cultural differences between Kuwaiti and American subjects in sensation seeking.
Cognitive Knowledge and Soccer Performance
Authors: Williams Mark , Davids Keith , Burwitz Les , Williams John
Published: August 2011

This study tested the proposition that experienced soccer players exhibit greater task-specific cognitive knowledge than novice players. 12 experienced and 12 inexperienced subjects viewed structured and unstructured soccer action sequences on a 3.65-m2 video projection screen. In recalling specific player positions following brief 10-sec. film clips, inexperienced players had larger recall of errors than the experienced players on structured trials only. This indicated that experienced players' cognitive knowledge permitted more meaningful associations between players' positions resulting in more efficient retrieval. When recognition of previously viewed film clips was examined, experienced subjects were more accurate in recognising structured trials only. Experienced soccer players seem to have a more complex and discriminating organisation of long-term memory which facilitates the encoding of task-specific information.
Age and Test Anxiety among African University Students
Authors: Mwamwenda Tuntufye S.
Published: August 2011

As studies in Western countries have shown, scores on test anxiety increase with age during elementary school. Whether such a difference would be observed among African university students who ranged in age from 18 to 35 years was examined. The difference in mean scores on the Achievement Anxiety Test for two groups, ages 18 to 25 years ( n = 132) and 26 to 35 years ( n = 267), was not statistically significant.
Children's Perceptions of Responsibility: Attitudes While Working with Peers with Disabilities
Authors: Miller Sue Ellen , Roth Marta A.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine whether participation in a community-based cooperative learning program affected attitudes toward responsibility of 13 talented and gifted students toward 49 peers with disabilities. A survey was administered to measure role perception of these students as they interacted in gross motor recreational activities with students with disabilities. There was a significant difference between pre- and posttest scores on three of six attitude items. Ordinal data suggested the gifted subjects showed an increase in their felt responsibility in this cooperative learning.
Use of Visual Feedback during Rapid Aiming at a Moving Target
Authors: Elliott Digby
Published: August 2011

Performance of 10 subjects aiming at moving targets, with and without vision, indicated that visual feedback can be processed in approximately 100 msec.
Factor Structure of Beliefs about Time: Comment on Hill and Stuckey (1992)
Authors: Block Richard A.
Published: August 2011

Hill and Stuckey's (1992) data can be parsimoniously explained in terms of a methodological or data-analysis anomaly. The conclusion that African-American college students show a radically different factor structure of beliefs about time is premature.
An Exploration of the Interaction between Variation in Wavelength and Time Perception
Authors: Antick Jennifer R. , Schandler Steven L.
Published: August 2011

The interaction of color wavelength and perception was evaluated during two experiments. The first study used a time-estimation task which included controls for both stimulus duration and frequency. The second study required production of duration using the same colors and three time periods to be reproduced by the participant according to stimulus cues. Based upon previous research, it was hypothesized that exposure to long-wavelength stimuli would yield shorter time estimations than exposure to short-wavelength stimuli. The results supported the assumption that stimuli of different color wavelengths differentially alter perception and psychological activation; however, the effects were not related to systematic alterations of wavelength.
Relationship of Need Satisfaction and Desire to Improve Need Satisfaction
Authors: Kalliopuska Mirja
Published: August 2011

Ratings of satisfaction by 275 students of Maslow's needs correlated moderately and negatively with their rated desire to improve need satisfaction. These estimates confirmed earlier work by Graham and Balloun.
Comparison of the Shipley versus WAIS—R Subtests and Summary Scores in Predicting College Grade Point Average
Authors: Wong Jane L.
Published: August 2011

This study compared the subtests and summary scores of the Shipley Institute of Living Scale with that of a modified version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R) in predicting college grades for 34 men and 42 women. None of the Shipley or WAIS—R scores correlated significantly with GPA and no combination of scores served as predictors of GPA. The implications of the results and limitations of the study were discussed.
Prevalence of Walking Impairment in Young, Healthy Adults
Authors: Feinglass Joe , Yarnold Paul R. , Martin Gary J. , McCarthy Walter J.
Published: August 2011

64 students' mean walking distance was greater than that of a presurgical group studied by Regensteiner and colleagues. The students were also faster. Between the distance and speed measures, r = .08.
Measuring Physical Self-Efficacy in Old Age
Authors: Bosscher Rudolf J. , Laurijssen Leonique , De Boer Edwin
Published: August 2011

This study supports the reliability of an adapted version of the Perceived Physical Activity Scale of Ryckman, Robbins, Thornton, and Cantrell, for a sample of 144 persons of 55 years and older.
Dimensions of Romantic Attitudes
Authors: Pedersen Darhl M. , Shoemaker Michael T.
Published: August 2011

Unlike most studies designed to identify dimensions of romantic love, manifestations of romantic love were derived from the subjects rather than from ad hoc considerations by the researchers. In a three-stage process, (a) items were obtained from subjects to form a preliminary scale, (b) a factor analysis of those items led to a revision of the scale, and (c) a readministration to a similar group followed by another factor analysis produced the third and final form of the scale. The final scale had five factors measured by ten items each: Togetherness, Expressions, Concern and Communication, Romancing, and Sensitivity and Spontaneity. No significant differences were found for either marital status or gender; however, significant differences were found among the means of the five factor scales.
Correlations among Three Measures of Personality Type
Authors: Tucker Irving F. , Gillespie Bonnie V.
Published: August 2011

Correlational comparisons were made between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and both the Keirsey Temperament Sorter and its computer version, Please Understand Me, for 103 undergraduate students in psychology. Values from .68 to .86 suggest that these three instruments were measuring the same constructs. Specific differences are discussed.
Correlations of Scores on the Kaufman Short Neuropsychological Assessment Procedure and the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test for a Hospitalized Depressed Sample
Authors: Grossman Ira , Kaufman Alan S. , Grossman Dana
Published: August 2011

Scores on the K-SNAP, a new brief cognitive measure designed to assess neuropsychological functioning in adolescents and adults, were correlated with KAIT IQs, a comprehensive test that measures fluid and crystallized intelligence. The sample included 33 adolescent and adult patients hospitalized for depression. The K-SNAP correlated significantly higher with fluid than crystallized intelligence.
Barbadian Adults' Perceptions of Eighteen Popular U.S. Television Programs
Authors: Payne Monica A.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 1017 adults aged 18 to 55 years on the Caribbean island of Barbados rated 18 U.S. programs shown on local television in terms of their perceived positive or negative influence on young viewers. The Cosby Show was clearly perceived as having the most positive influence, and the prime-time “soaps,” Dynasty and Falcon Crest, the most negative. There were few age- or sex-group differences, but respondents in manual occupations were far more likely than those in nonmanual occupations to give positive ratings to programs featuring physical violence or conspicuous affluence or materialism.
The Age-Range Illusion in Developmental Research on the Structure of Abilities: A Comment on Lis and Magro
Authors: Langford Peter
Published: August 2011

The general effect of age range on findings from studies of the structure of intellectual abilities in children is considered. Two topical examples of the effect in the work of Lis and Magro and that of Demetriou and Efklides are considered.
Shared Reading Experiences and Head Start Children's Concepts about Print and Story Structure
Authors: Box Jean Ann , Aldridge Jerry
Published: August 2011

Differences among three groups of 24 4-yr.-old Head Start children's responses on concepts about print and story structure were found in scores on print concepts for the group given shared reading experiences with predictable books versus placebo and control groups, but no differences were observed in scores on story structure.
Psychology of Computer Use: XXX. Effects of Presentation Speed on Pupil Size Using Negative and Positive Crts
Authors: Miyao Masaru , Ishihara Shin'Ya , Ishigaki Hisao , Sugiura Tomonori , Matsuura Eiji , Furuta Masashi , Sakata Toshihiro
Published: August 2011

The effects of presentation speed and both positive and negative CRT (cathode ray tube) displays on pupil size were studied. The pupillary areas of 12 female student volunteers were measured by infrared videopupillography. The three presentation speeds were no change for 12 sec., a change every 2 sec. for 12 sec., and a change every 1/2 sec. for 12 sec. Two-way analysis of variance showed that the pupil size in the negative displays was significantly larger than that in the positive displays. A difference in pupillary area results from different display speeds, irrespective of a difference in polarity.
Neuropsychological and Cognitive Effects of Chinese Language Instruction
Authors: Hsieh Shaio-Ling Judy , Tori Christopher D.
Published: August 2011

Since little is known concerning the cortical and cognitive effects resulting from the study of a tonal, logographic language which is read from top to bottom and in a right-to-left direction, neuropsychological and intellectual measures on 51 bilingual and 41 monolingual Chinese-American children aged 9 to 12 years were compared. Multivariate statistical analyses yielded significant group differences. As predicted, the over-all mean IQ of bilinguals was higher than that of monolinguals. Other than coding skills, expected superior performance of bilinguals on right-hemisphere or bilaterally sensitive measures was not found; rather, the left-dominant sequential abilities of bilinguals surpassed those of their monolingual peers. English fluency of the two groups was equivalent and monolingual youngsters obtained higher scores on two of five academic achievement tests than bilinguals. The effects of Chinese language instruction among Chinese-American children are discussed in relation to the distinguished educational accomplishments of Asian Americans.
The Effectiveness of Abortion in Population Growth Control
Authors: Saucer Patrick R.
Published: August 2011

To test the proposition that America's limited economic resources require that the rates of population growth be brought under control by abortion, a Pearson correlation was calculated between the rates of live births which served as a measure of population growth and the rates of legal abortion for 1985 in the USA. r was .94, a significant value.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: LXXV. Possible Increased Incidence of Brain Tumors following an Episode of Luminous Phenomena
Authors: Bisson Carole , Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

If the tectonic strain theory for luminous phenomena be correct, then significant electromagnetic emissions and radon gas release should occur in focal regions in which people report an alleged “UFO flap.” Considering the epidemiological evidence that these stimuli might promote the incidence of brain tumors, their occurrence during the 5 years before and the 5 years after the November, 1975 episode of multiple luminous displays within the Sudbury Basin (Canada) was examined. Compared to the adjacent control area, there was a significant increase in brain tumors after the episode for men (conservative odds ratio = 2.5) but not for women; however, the magnitude was well within the expected range of incidence within the general population. Such changes have theoretical implication but may have little clinical or health significance.
Ice Cream Preference: Gender Differences in Taste and Quality
Authors: Kunz Jenifer
Published: August 2011

69 college women showed a preference for expensive ice cream while 53 college men preferred the less expensive ice cream. Analysis indicates the taste for more expensive ice cream is linked to gender, but it is not clear whether this is learned or not.
Perceptual-Motor Learning in Amnesic Patients with Medial Temporal Lobe Lesions
Authors: Yamashita Hikari
Published: August 2011

Three patients amnesic due to encephalitis and six normal control subjects performed a 45-rpm rotary pursuit task. Bilateral damage of the medial temporal lobe was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging for all three patients. All amnesic patients acquired the skill, although actual time on target differed across individuals. On the retention test, after a seven-day interval, amnesic patients showed complete retention of the skill without acknowledgment of the acquisition training.
Comparison of Touching Behaviors of Winners and Losers in Racquetball and Tennis
Authors: Heckel Robert V.
Published: August 2011

Similarities and differences in subjects' touching behaviors in two racquet sports, tennis ( n = 50) and racquetbali ( n = 200), were examined to learn whether postcontest interacrive rirual is observed for racquetball as for tennis (handshake?). Analysis confirmed the tennis handshake and significantly more physical contact between tennis than between racquetbali players. No significant differences were noted in postcontest verbal contacts or in differential touching by winners and losers.
Body-Image Perception in Pre- and Postadolescent Females
Authors: Brodie D. A. , Bagley K. , Slade P. D.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine both perceived and ideal body-image to establish if the process of adolescence was a contributory factor. A distorting mirror and silhouette pictures were used to examine the image in two groups of 59 pre- and 41 postadolescent girls. The girls' perception of themselves was reasonably accurate yet both groups had a significantly slimmer mean ideal image, irrespective of adolescent status. The differences between the two groups were nonsignificant whether using the distorting mirror or the pictures. The only difference to be observed was when using a body-satisfaction scale. The postadolescents were significantly less satisfied about their nonhead body parts. Scores from the mirror and the pictures question the assumption that body-image dissatisfaction is a postadolescent phenomenon. This should be a cause for concern as eating disorders, which appear to be linked to body-image, are being observed in younger children. The comparability between scores for the pictures and the distorting mirror opens the possibility of home-based therapy in the treatment of perceptual and eating disorders.