bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONDITIONAL PREDICTION MARKETS AS CORPORATE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS – AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON WITH GROUP DELIBERATIONS
Authors: Sprenger Timm , Bolster Paul , Venkateswaran Anand
Published: August 2020

Predicting the future is an integral part of effective corporate decision making. Most firms face the critical challenge of aggregating information dispersed among its agents. These agents and thus the aggregation process are prone to judgmental biases. The primary research question we address is whether markets correct these biases better than group deliberations. Using an experimental setting, we find that information markets provide more accurate and less volatile forecasts than group deliberations. We also describe different sources of the behavioral biases we observe. For example, while a deliberating group can be led astray by an influential group member, traders tend to overweight personal preferences. Our results indicate that conditional prediction markets provide a more effective medium for aggregating information than group deliberations.
THE IMPACT OF SENTIMENT ON POINT SPREADS IN THE COLLEGE FOOTBALL WAGERING MARKET
Authors: Durham Greg , Perry Tod
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates whether sentimental bettors affect the point-spread-formation process in the college football wagering market, as well as whether this market is efficient.  Following Avery and Chevalier (1999), this study focuses solely on sources of sentiment that have natural analogues in the stock market, such as predictions of so-called experts, momentum in teams’ performances, teams that are highly visible, and teams with high fan avidity.  Sentiment relating to expert picks, even though the picks are uninformative, nonetheless is related to intraweek changes in spreads.  Also, bettors’ sentiment for recent performance against the spread, for teams in major conferences, and for teams with high fan avidity appears to be related to spreads moving during the week.  However, betting strategies designed to exploit any anticipated sentimental betting are marginally profitable at best, suggesting that rational arbitrageurs serve to correct most biases in spreads.The authors express thanks to Bruno Deschamps, Michael Hertzel, Michael Lemmon, J. Spencer Martin, Federico Nardari, Rodney Paul, and Mukunthan Santhanakrishnan for careful feedback and thoughtful suggestions.  The authors are also grateful for comments from seminar participants at the UC Riverside Conference on Growth of Gambling and Prediction Markets, at the Financial Management Association meetings in Toronto, at Arizona State University, and at Montana State University.  Greg Durham expresses a special thanks to Jim Harmon for providing historical data related to the Harmon Forecast.  (The authors are responsible for any outstanding errors in this paper.)
INCENTIVE AND ACCURACY ISSUES IN MOVIE PREDICTION MARKETS
Authors: Gruca Thomas S , Berg Joyce E. , Cipriano Michael
Published: August 2020

We compare the forecasts of nineteen movie box office results from real money (Iowa Electronic Market) and play money (Hollywood Stock Exchange) prediction markets. The forecasts were not significantly different, contrary to recent research on incentives and prediction market accuracy. Proponents of play money incentives suggest that (play) wealth concentrates in the hands of knowledgeable traders over time. This should lead to improved accuracy over time. A longitudinal analysis of results (1999-2002) from the play money Hollywood Stock Exchange fails to find significant improvement over time. This may be due to an increased number of less knowledgeable traders who, nevertheless, provide liquidity in the market.
THE TRADESPORTS NFL PREDICTION MARKET: AN ANALYSIS OF MARKET EFFICIENCY, TRANSACTION COSTS, AND BETTOR PREFERENCES
Authors: O'Connor Philip , Zhou Feng
Published: August 2020

We investigated 1,587 Tradesports point spread contracts for NFL games during the 2005/06 season. Differing point spreads create differing odds, meaning we could test for the traditional favorite long shot bias in NFL betting. We found that there was no favorite long shot bias. However, the market underestimated the chances of the favored team winning by about 10% across all odds categories, and this bias persisted throughout the season. We found relatively low transaction costs. For a price-taker, the Tradesports “Vegas-line” point spread had a 2.2% total takeout including exchange fees, about half of the 4.55% takeout of traditional legal bookmakers. Contracts with a price around 50, creating even money returns to bets on both teams, and higher volume contracts, had lower transaction costs. Participants were found to prefer the Las Vegas line point spread contract followed by the straight-up contract. Trading volume during the game (in-running) was about twice the trading volume leading up to the game. Teams with better season records and from cities with larger populations generated a higher volume of trades. Sunday night and Monday night games generated about four times more volume than regular Sunday games.Helpful comments were provided by Adi Schnytzer and participants of the 2007 University of California-Riverside Growth of Gambling and Prediction Markets Conference, and an excellent anonymous referee. We thank Jared Hunt for computer assistance.
OVERCONFIDENCE IN JUDGEMENTS: THE EVIDENCE, THE IMPLICATIONS AND THE LIMITATIONS
Authors: Wu Shih-Wei , Johnson Johnnie E.V. , Sung Ming-Chien
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the degree to which individuals tend to be overconfident in their judgements and identifies the implications for those trading in prediction markets. The findings from laboratory-based psychological studies of overconfidence are compared and contrasted with those from financial market studies. The broad conclusion from this literature survey is that overconfidence is a widespread phenomenon which is influenced by a number of factors, such as, the difficulty of the judgement task, the amount and nature of outcome feedback, and the gender and culture of the decision maker. It is also clear that there are a number of limitations of the existing research and a suggested methodology for further research in this area is examined.
Bookmaker and pari-mutuel Betting: is a (reverse) favourite-longshot Bias Built-in?
Authors: Koch Alexander K , Shing Hui-Fai
Published: August 2020

A widely documented empirical regularity in gambling markets is that bets on high probability events (a race won by a “favourite”) have higher expected returns than bets on low probability events (a “longshot” wins). Such favourite-longshot (FL) biases however appear to be more severe and per-sistent in bookmaker markets than in pari-mutuel markets; the latter sometimes exhibit no bias or a reverse FL bias. Our results help understand these differences: the odds grid in bookmaker markets leads to a built-in FL bias, whereas that used in pari-mutuel betting pushes these markets toward a reverse FL bias. This paper benefited from helpful comments from an anonymous referee, Michael Mandler, David Metcalf, David Paton, Jonathan Wadsworth, Justin Wolfers, and par-ticipants of the conference on “The Growth of Gambling and Prediction Markets: Economic and Financial Implications” in May 2007. We are grateful to Paul David-son, Tony Lusardi, Chris Ralph, and Leighton Vaughan Williams for information about bookmaker odds and bookmaker software.
EVENT STUDIES IN REAL- AND PLAY-MONEY PREDICTION MARKETS
Authors: Slamka Christian , Soukhoroukova Arina , Spann Martin
Published: August 2020

Event study methodology is a powerful procedure to quantify the impact of events and managerial decisions such as new product announcements on the value of a publicly traded company. However, for many events, appropriate financial data may not be available, either because suitable securities are not traded on financial markets or confounding effects limit the insights from financial data. In such instances, prediction markets could potentially provide the necessary data for an event study. Prediction markets are electronic markets where participants can trade stocks whose prices reflect the outcome of future events, e.g. election outcomes, sports results, new product sales or internal project deadlines. One key distinction between different prediction market applications is whether they require real money investments or play-money investment with non-monetary incentives for traders. Thus, the goal of this paper is to compare prediction markets’ ability to conduct event studies with respect to these two different incentive schemes. We empirically test the applicability of event study methodology in real-money vs. play-money prediction markets with two data sets. We show that event studies with prediction markets deliver robust and valid results with both incentive schemes.
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE ON CORPORATE APPLICATIONS OF PREDICTION MARKETS
Authors: Strumpf Koleman
Published: August 2020

Most academic journals are destined to be read by a few specialists and then quickly archived to dusty bookshelves. This special issue has a very different aim. It is primarily intended to be a gentle introduction for business practitioners interested in corporate applications of prediction markets. While it is easy to find laudatory reports on these markets in the popular press, such stories are typically based on only one or two case studies. This special issue seeks to bridge this gap, by collecting the experiences of several pioneers in corporate prediction markets.
PREDICTION MARKETS: ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Hall Caitlin
Published: August 2020

This paper explores the design and implementation of prediction markets, markets strategically constructed to aggregate traders’ beliefs about future events.  It posits that prediction markets are particularly useful as forecasting tools where traders are constrained – legally, politically, professionally, or bureaucratically – from directly sharing the information that underlies their beliefs.  It concludes by articulating a possible design for such a market, as an alternative to a Pentagon program that collapsed amid public outcry in 2003.
CONSISTENCY IN THE US CONGRESSIONAL POPULAR OPINION POLLS AND PREDICTION MARKETS
Authors: Tonkes Eliot , Lesmono Dharma
Published: August 2020

Prediction and betting markets have evolved with contracts based on electoral outcomes and the traded prices provide a measure of speculators’ views on electoral outcomes. Conversely, popular opinion polls yield data which provide statistics on the public’s declared voting intentions. This article formulates a model to describe the stochastic evolution of opinion polls, and the resultant probability distribution of seats won in the US House of Congress. Based on standard methods from financial option pricing theory, we can then determine the theoretical value of observed contracts in the prediction markets. Our results show that qualitative predictions are obeyed, but there exist significant deviations between the actual prices traded in the Iowa Electronic Market (IEM) and our theoretical valuation under real-world expectations. Some explanations are provided, which are consistent with conclusions drawn by other authors who have studied electoral prediction markets.
PREDICTION MARKETS AND CONTRACT DESIGN
Authors: Bergfjord Ole Jakob
Published: August 2020

Traditionally, the main function of prediction markets (PMs) has been to provide information about probabilities for various events. Good information requires a well-functioning market, which in turn depends on sufficient liquidity and a sufficient number of market participants. While many of the early PMs have been of a more experimental nature, with students or other test groups as market participants, a natural assumption is that future PMs must be able to attract market participants to be successful.We assume that four main groups of stakeholders face potential gains from a well-functioning PM contract: The exchange launching the contract; hedgers; gamblers; and users of the market information, whether this is a corporation or society as a whole.In this paper, we analyze different design characteristics of PM contracts, mainly in light of previous studies of futures markets. A relatively extensive literature exists on the design of futures contracts, and a number of criteria have been established to predict whether a contract is likely to be successful. We use this to provide some recommendations for contract design, in order to develop contracts that maximize the gain for the four groups of stakeholders.
COMPARING THE FORECASTING ACCURACY OF PREDICTION MARKETS AND POLLS FOR TAIWAN’S PRESIDENTIAL AND MAYORAL ELECTIONS
Authors: Tung Chen-yuan , Chou Tzu-Chuan , Lin Jih-wen , Lin Hsin-yi
Published: August 2020

This paper devises a methodology to compare the accuracy of prediction markets and polls. The data of the Exchange of Future Events (xFuture) for Taiwan’s 2006 mayoral elections and 2008 presidential election show that the prediction markets outperform the opinion polls in various indices of accuracy. In terms of the last forecast before the election date, the accuracy of the prediction markets is 3 to 10 percent higher than that of the opinion polls. When comparing the accuracy of historical forecasts, the prediction markets outperform the polls in 93 to 100 percent of the cases. Moreover, the average accuracy of the prediction markets is 9 to 10 percent higher than that of the polls, with a standard deviation more than 2 percent less than that of the polls. To examine the robustness of these comparisons, this paper conducts two tests including daily forecast and normalized accuracy, and finds that the prediction markets successfully pass the tests with a significantly better accuracy than the polls.
PREDICTION MARKET ACCURACY: THE IMPACT OF SIZE, INCENTIVES, CONTEXT AND INTERPRETATION
Authors: McHugh Patrick , Jackson Aaron L
Published: August 2020

Enterprises desiring to utilize prediction markets for decision support must consider numerous design factors for their market deployments. Through logistic regression analyses of more than 350 real and play-money prediction markets, this paper evaluates several design issues in order to identify conditions under which prediction markets can effectively contribute to an enterprise decision support process. Two of these design considerations include the size of the trader pool and the nature of trader incentives.  We find that varying the number of market traders has minimal accuracy impact for markets exceeding 10-20 traders and that the impact of financial incentives is contextual and beneficial to market accuracy.  When to act upon market results and at what levels of market support must also be considered.  Our data shows that acting on market output up to three weeks prior to an event’s occurrence and requiring markets to sustain desired price levels for up to 3 weeks before responding to the market signal did not statistically impact the market’s ability to accurately predict an event’s occurrence.  Adjusting the price threshold for market recommendation acceptance to levels between $55 and $80 ($45 and $20) also does not negatively impact market accuracy.  A related measure capturing market uncertainty was found to be the leading predictor of a market’s failure to provide accurate predictions.
PREDICTION FOR THE 2012 UNITED STATES PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION USING MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL
Authors: Sinha Pankaj , Aastha Sharma Aastha Sharma , Singh Harsh Vardhan
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the factors responsible for predicting 2012 U.S. Presidential election. Though contemporary discussions on Presidential election mention that unemployment rate will be a deciding factor in this election, it is found that unemployment rate is not significant for predicting the forthcoming Presidential election. Except GDP growth rate, various other economic factors like interest rate, inflation, public debt, change in oil and gold prices, budget deficit/surplus and exchange rate are also not significant for predicting the U.S. Presidential election outcome. Lewis-Beck and Rice (1982) proposed Gallup rating, obtained in June of the election year, as a significant indicator for forecasting the Presidential election. However, the present study finds that even though there exists a relationship between June Gallup rating and incumbent vote share in the Presidential election, the Gallup rating cannot be used as the sole indicator of the Presidential elections. Various other non-economic factors like scandals linked to the incumbent President and the performance of the two parties in the midterm elections are found to be significant. We study the influence of the above economic and non-economic variables on voting behavior in U.S. Presidential elections and develop a suitable regression model for predicting the 2012 U.S. Presidential election. The emergence of new non-economic factors reflects the changing dynamics of U.S. Presidential election outcomes. The proposed model forecasts that the Democrat candidate Mr. Barack Obama is likely to get a vote percentage between 51.818 % - 54.239 %, with 95% confidence interval.
A HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF HORSE RACING
Authors: Silverman Noah
Published: August 2020

Horse racing is the most popular sport in Hong Kong. Nowhere else in the world is such attention paid to the races and such large sums of money bet. It is literally a “national sport”. Popular literature has many stories about computerized “betting teams” winning fortunes by using statistical analysis.[1] Additionally, numerous academic papers have been published on the subject, implementing a variety of statistical methods. The academic justiﬁcation for these papers is that a parimutuel game represents a study in decisions under uncertainty, eﬃciency of markets, and even investor psychology. A review of the available published literature has failed to ﬁnd any Bayesian approach to this modeling challenge.This study will attempt to predict the running speed of a horse in a given race. To that eﬀect, the coeﬃcients of a linear model are estimated using the Bayesian method of Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Two methods of computing the sampled posterior are used and their results compared. The Gibbs method assumes that all the coeﬃcients are normally distributed, while the Metropolis method allows for their distribution to have an unknown shape. I will calculate and compare the predictive results of several models using these Bayesian Methods.
UNCERTAINTY OF OUTCOME AND TELEVISION RATINGS FOR THE NHL AND MLS
Authors: Paul Rodney , Weinbach Andrew
Published: August 2020

Although there is mixed evidence of the role of uncertainty of outcome as it relates to attendance at stadiums, the limited evidence available for television ratings has shown that fans tend to prefer more uncertainty of outcome when it comes to watching live sports on television.  Given the often substantially higher customer investments associated with live event attendance compared to television, fan preferences may differ across the two.  This study examines Nielsen ratings for two previously unstudied sports in North America, the National Hockey League (NHL) and Major League Soccer (MLS).  The uncertainty of outcome hypothesis is supported by the results in both samples using two separate measures of uncertainty of outcome.  In addition, expected scoring is shown to positively impact television ratings in the NHL.
Early Season NBA Over/Under Bias
Authors: Girdner Clay , Davis Justin , Fodor Andy , Kirch David
Published: August 2020

In this paper we analyze the total line betting market for National Basketball Association (NBA) regular season games for the 2009-2012 seasons.  Specifically, we divide seasons by week and analyze points scored, total lines and game statistics such as field goal percentage and turnovers.  We find the NBA total line market is generally very efficient with points scored and total lines increasing nearly evenly over the first 17 weeks of the season before leveling off.  However, the total line market is inefficient in Week 1 with 58.2% of first week games having total scores less than total lines during our sample period.   This win rate is significantly higher than the 52.38% win rate required for profiting from the betting strategy.  Betting under total lines on all games in the first week on the 2009-2012 NBA season yields average returns of 11.1% per game.
A MODEL FOR PREDICTING POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AMONG DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Ben-David Nissim , Ben David Evyatar , Winer Zvi
Published: August 2020

We present a theoretical model that enables to predict population distribution according to fertility and survival rates for each age group. Using World Bank data, we estimated the relation between fertility rate of change and survival probabilities. Our findings show that fertility rate of change is reduced in countries with low or medium survival rate of infants. Conversely, it increased for those with a high survival rate of infants. If the survival rate of infants converges to 1, the fertility rate of change converges to zero, moving the country to steady size of population at age 1.
EMERGENT CAPITAL MARKETS’ EFFICIENCY: THE CASE OF POLAND
Authors: Metghalchi Massoud , Pinho Adriano , Sarmento Adriana
Published: August 2020

We apply two well-known technical indicators to the Polish Stock index over the period of 9/4/1998 to 4/18/2013. Our findings support the predictive power of technical trading rules for each sub-period and for the entire period. We then ask whether an investor can use the predictive power of technical analysis to beat the profitability of the buy-and-hold strategy considering both transaction costs and risk. We conclude that it is not possible to beat the buy and hold strategy when considering transaction costs and risk. We could say the Polish market is efficient.
A Behaviorally Informed Survey-Powered Market Agent
Authors: Inchauspe Jessica , Atanasov Pavel , Mellers Barbara , Tetlock Philip , Ungar Lyle
Published: August 2020

We introduce a new method for converting individual probability estimates (obtained through surveys) into market orders for use in a Continuous Double Auction prediction market. Our Survey-Powered Market Agent (SPMA) algorithm is based on actual forecaster behavior, and offers notable advantages over existing market agent algorithms such as Zero Intelligence Plus (ZIP) agents: SPMAs only require probability estimates (and not bid direction nor quantity), are more behaviorally realistic, and work well when probabilities change over time. We validate SPMA using prediction market data and probability estimates elicited through surveys from a large set of forecasters on 88 individual forecasting problems over the course of a year. SPMA outperforms simple averages of the same probability forecasts and is competitive with sophisticated opinion poll aggregation methods and prediction markets. We use a rich set of market and poll data to empirically test the assumptions behind SPMA’s operation. In addition to aggregation efficiency, SPMA provides a framework for studying how forecasters convert probability estimates into trading orders, and offers a foundation for building hybrid markets which mix market traders and individuals producing independent probability estimates.
Editorial
Authors: Coates Max
Published: August 2020

An introduction to the first Issue of the Buckingham Journal of Education.
FROM THE SORBONNE TO SURBITON – THE IMPROBABLE ORIGINS OF THE ENGLISH CURRICULUM
Authors: Coates Max
Published: August 2020

A number of milestone events in the development of the English curriculum are considered. These are not all the formative events which have shaped what and how the curriculum is currently configured in schools, academies and beyond but they have had an impact. The argument is advanced that a number of the stakeholders that contributed to its formation did so from a position which was unexpected, and which did not always display an appropriate rationality.

The centrepiece of the article is the shaping of post war education in England by the research and assertions of psychologist, Sir Cyril Burt. Burt’s underlying ontology is explored and the arguable fraud of his work is examined in the light of his impact on the structuring of English education.

Raikes, Callaghan, Major, Gove and Smellie are also   given consideration leading to the conclusion that curriculum formation can be improbable in terms of its narrative.
BEGINNING TEACHER LEARNING IN SCHOOL - UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS: UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEXITIES OF DEVELOPING BEGINNING-TEACHER KNOWLEDGE IN A PARTNERSHIP SETTING
Authors: Marsh Brian
Published: August 2020

Developing beginning-teacher knowledge in a school-university partnership is both complex and messy. This arises from the debates about (1) what beginning teachers should know and relates to the balance between theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge and (2) where that knowledge should be developed. In considering what type of knowledge beginning teachers should acquire and by reviewing partnership discourse particularly from a sociocultural perspective, suggestions are made for supporting effective beginning-teacher learning.
Die Gewährleistung von angemessenem und bezahlbarem Wohnraum als Verfassungsfrage
Authors: Schollmeier Jana
Published: August 2020

Das Werk bietet einen umfassenden Überblick und Orientierung bezüglich staatlicher Maßnahmen und Ansatzpunkte, die der Bewältigung der aktuellen Wohnungsnot dienen. Hierzu werden die entsprechenden Regelungen des Zivilrechts, des Öffentlichen Rechts einschließlich des Sozialrechts sowie des Straf- und Ordnungswidrigkeitenrechts systematisiert dargestellt.

Zudem wird immer wieder eine verfassungsrechtliche Perspektive eingenommen und sowohl grundlegend Art und Umfang der staatlichen Verpflichtung zum wohnungspolitischen Handeln auf Bundes- und Länderebene herausgearbeitet als auch die verfassungsrechtliche Anfechtbarkeit wohnungspolitischer Instrumente wie etwa der Mietpreisbremse, der Kappungsgrenzenverordnungen, der Zweckentfremdungsgesetze der Länder und der Übernahme angemessener Bedarfe der Unterkunft nach SGB II diskutiert.

Die Arbeit richtet sich gleichermaßen an Wissenschaft und Praxis wie an wohnungspolitische Akteure in Bund, Ländern und Kommunen.
Fiktionen im Recht
Authors: Albrecht Kristin Y.
Published: August 2020

Als „syphilis of the law“ (Bentham) und „Krücken“ (Jhering) verdammt, wird seit über 2000 Jahren immer wieder die Ausrottung von Rechtsfiktionen gefordert. Genauso leidenschaftlich werden sie aber auch als höchst wertvoll verteidigt und sogar zur Grundlage des Rechts (Kelsen) erklärt. Wie passt das zusammen?

Kristin Albrecht zeigt auf Grundlage einer historischen und rechtsvergleichenden Analyse, dass man im Recht nicht „der Rechtsfiktion“ begegnet, sondern drei unterschiedlichen Typen: Den fiktiven Annahmen, den fiktiven Personen und den fiktiven Rechtsinstituten. Sie entwickelt diese Typen mit philosophischer Gründlichkeit und diskutiert anschließend, was „so troubling“ bzw. „beneficial and useful“ (Blackstone) an ihnen ist.
Beamtenrecht des Bundes
Authors: Heid Daniela A.
Published: August 2020

Das Recht, Beamtinnen und Beamte zu haben, besitzen der Bund sowie bundesunmittelbare Körperschaften, Anstalten und Stiftungen des öffentlichen Rechts.

Das neue Werk Beamtenrecht des Bundes - ein Lehr- und Übungsbuch - behandelt kompakt und klausur- als auch praxisorientiert alles Wichtige zum Beamtenrecht des Bundes. In einzigartiger Weise werden theoretisches Wissen und praktische Übungsfälle verzahnt. Ebenso ist die aktuelle Rechtsprechung integriert, so dass sich der Leser einen profunden Einblick in das Bundesbeamtenrecht verschaffen kann.
Dieses Buch will dem Leser/Studierenden mit seiner besonderen Systematik das Beamtenrecht insbesondere durch eine Vielzahl von Fällen mit detaillierten Lösungsskizzen erschließen. Daneben richtet es sich an Praktiker in Personalämtern, Personalräte und sonstige mit Beamtenrecht befasste Interessierte.

Die Autorin Prof. JUDr. Daniela A. Heid, Ph.D. ist Professorin an der Hochschule des Bundes für öffentliche Verwaltung, Brühl.
Legal Tech-Anwendungen
Authors: Timmermann Daniel
Published: August 2020

Der Autor zeigt auf, dass für die Erbringung außergerichtlicher Rechtsdienstleistungen ein produktbezogener Erlaubnistatbestand eingeführt werden muss, der neben den bestehenden personenbezogenen Erlaubnistatbeständen der Rechtsdienstleistung und Inkassodienstleistung treten sollte.

Zu diesem Zweck werden die existierenden Regelungen zu allen funktionalen Legal Tech-Kategorien (auch sog. smart contracts) anhand ausgewählter Angebote umfassend dargestellt und die sich daraus ergebenden regulatorischen Herausforderungen formuliert. Im Ergebnis können weder eine Deregulierung des anwaltlichen Berufsrechts noch das UWG die Qualität von mittels Software erbrachter (Rechts-)Dienstleistungen gewährleisten.
Temperatur und sportliche Leistung
Authors: Ückert Sandra
Published: August 2020

Die Temperatur stellt im Sport eine wichtige, sowohl leistungsbeeinflussende als auch gesundheitsrelevante Komponente dar. Bislang sind allerdings die damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Wirkungszusammenhänge, z.B. diejenigen der thermoregulatorischen Mechanismen und der Variationen der Körpertemperatur bei sportlichen Anforderungen, in der sportwissenschaftlichen Forschung lediglich fragmentarisch ins Blickfeld geraten und in der Trainings- und Wettkampfpraxis kaum angemessen berücksichtigt worden.

Zu einer bestmöglichen Leistungsmobilisation und effektiven Steuerung der sportlichen Leistungsfähigkeit gehört jedoch ein kompetentes Temperaturmanagement, das in Abhängigkeit von den spezifischen sportlichen Anforderungsbedingungen und differenten personellen sowie non-personellen Einflussparametern zu gestalten ist.

Das Buch liefert theoretisch und empirisch fundierte Informationen sowie praxisrelevante Erkenntnisse zu den Grundlagen und Wirkungen von Wärme- und Kälteinterventionen auf die sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit.
Der Schulhof als bewegungsorientierter Sozialraum
Authors: Derecik Ahmet
Published: August 2020

Ommo-Grupe-Preisträger 2011
Der vorliegende Band hat sich als Ziel gesetzt, die Bedeutung von Schulhöfen in Ganztagsschulen als Orte des informellen Lernens und der Raumaneignung hervorzuheben. Aus diesem Grund wird die Frage verfolgt, welche informellen Tätigkeiten von Heranwachsenden der Klassen eins bis zehn auf Schulhöfen in Ganztagsschulen ausgeübt werden. Dabei wird sich nicht mit einer Beschreibung dieser begnügt. Die informellen Tätigkeiten werden, in Abhängigkeit des Alters und Geschlechts, aus einer sozialräumlichen Aneignungsperspektive interpretiert. Die theoretischen Grundlagen dafür werden geschaffen, indem die Theorien des informellen Lernens, des Raumbegriffs sowie des Aneignungskonzepts miteinander verknüpft und auf die Ganztagsschule bezogen werden. Resümierend bedarf informelles Lernen der Bereitstellung von angemessenen Räumen und kann auf der Handlungsebene mit dem Aneignungskonzept erfasst werden. Das Aneignungskonzept beschreibt dabei die eigentätige Entwicklung von Heranwachsenden als Wechselwirkungsverhältnis zwischen Räumen und Subjekten.
Den empirischen Ergebnissen zufolge ist der Schulhof weit mehr als ein Ort der Frischluftzufuhr. Schulhöfe stellen für Heranwachsende eine gegenwartsorientierte Gegenwelt zum zukunftsorientierten Unterricht dar und können, wenn sie adressatengerecht gestaltet sind, als bedeutender bewegungsorientierter Sozialraum verstanden werden, in dem Heranwachsende über Aneignungsprozesse informell lernen, sich entwickeln und bilden können.
Kompetenzorientierung im Sportunterricht an Grundschulen
Authors: Neumann Peter
Published: August 2020

Die politisch geforderte Umsetzung der kompetenzorientierten Lehrpläne im Sportunterricht der Grundschule ist kein "Selbstläufer". Die dafür notwendige Entwicklungsarbeit erledigt sich im schulischen Alltag der Lehrkräfte nämlich weder von selbst noch kann diese "nebenbei" erfolgen. Erforderlich sind neben der verständigen Lektüre genügend Ressourcen, um den Sportunterricht in die gewünschte Richtung - allein oder im Team - entwickeln zu können. Der Fokus unserer Studie, die von der Unfallkasse Baden-Württemberg gefördert worden ist, liegt deshalb auf der Markierung jener Bruchstellen, die sich zwischen den curricularen Ansprüchen der Kompetenzorientierung und deren Verwirklichung im Sportunterricht beschreiben lassen. Wir untersuchen, ob und inwieweit Lehrkräfte die Kompetenzen des Lehrplans kennen, diese verstehen und akzeptieren und bei der Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung des Sportunterrichts berücksichtigen. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Ansatzpunkte für die Diskussion, wie mit Differenzen zwischen Lehrplanansprüchen und deren Umsetzung zukünftig professioneller umgegangen werden kann.
Bewegungsfreudige Schule
Authors: Hundeloh Heinz , Kottmann Lutz , Pack Rolf-Peter
Published: August 2020

Bewegte Schule, Bewegungsfreundliche Schule, Bewegungsfreudige Schule - es gibt verschiedene Begriffe für dasselbe Grundanliegen: Schulen sollen bewegungsfreundlicher und das Schulleben der Schülerinnen und Schüler soll bewegungsfreudiger werden. Für die Verwirklichung der Zielsetzung, Unterricht und Schulleben bewegungsfreudig zu gestalten, gibt es - abgesehen von vielen guten Beispielen auf allen Schulstufen und in allen Schulformen - eine Fülle von Programmen, Initiativen, Hilfen und Anregungen. An vielen Schulen (oftmals auch bei der Schulaufsicht) besteht jedoch immer noch Unklarheit über die Bedeutung von Bewegung und Sport für die Schulentwicklung, insbesondere die Förderung der Unterrichts- und Schulqualität. Es wird häufig nicht zur Kenntnis genommen, dass die Implementation der Idee der Bewegungsfreudigen Schule die Qualitätsentwicklung der Schulen maßgeblich beeinflusst. Nach vorliegenden Erkenntnissen der Schulentwicklungsforschung wird eine nachhaltige Implementation der Idee der Bewegungsfreudigen Schule vor allem dann gelingen, wenn sie als Teil eines systematischen Schulentwicklungsprozesses verstanden und umgesetzt wird. Ebenso ist es erforderlich, die Umsetzung der Idee der Bewegungsfreudigen Schule stärker als bisher mit der Ganztagsschulentwicklung zu verknüpfen. Durch die Integration von schulischer und außerschulischer Kinder- und Jugendbildung, die Erweiterung des zeitlichen Rahmens für außerunterrichtliche Veranstaltungen und die vielfältigen Vernetzungen in der lokalen Bildungslandschaft könnten bewegungsfreudige Ganztagsschulen Beispiel- und Impulsgeber für die bewegungsfreudige Schulentwicklung sowie für die bewegungsfreundliche Gestaltung des Lebensraums von Kindern und Jugendlichen sein.
Alternatives Turnen in Schule und Verein
Authors: Schmidt-Sinns Jürgen
Published: August 2020

Das vorliegende Fachbuch zum alternativen Turnen im Schul- und Vereinssport behandelt erlebnissportliche Aktionsformen und wagende Bewegungskünste an Geräten aus den Bereichen Parkour & Freerunning, Minitrampolin, Trampolin, Trapez, Akrobatik, Artistik und Pyramidenbau. Ausgehend von den Grundtätigkeiten Klettern, Balancieren, Schwingen sowie Springen an Geräten bieten die methodisch aufgebauten Inhalte für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen außergewöhnliche und spannende Bewegungserfahrungen. Speziell für den schulischen Sportunterricht werden bei der Darstellung der Inhalte die Anforderungen der neuen Lehrplangeneration aufgegriffen, diskutiert und für das Bewegen an Geräten / Turnen praxisnah umgesetzt. Die Kompetenzorientierung erfolgt schwerpunktmäßig auf der Grundlage der Bewegungs- und Wahrnehmungskompetenz in einer einsichtigen Verknüpfung von Können und Wissen ohne Theorielastigkeit.

Ein besonderes Gewicht bei der Darstellung der Inhalte bilden kooperative Helfer- und Sicherheitsmaßnahmen. Sie spielen eine ausschlaggebende Rolle, um Kinder und Jugendliche mit unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen über die individualisierende und differenzierende Gruppenarbeit integrieren und insbesondere die attraktiven Bewegungswagnisse für alle angstfrei, sicher und zugänglich vermitteln zu können. Die didaktischen Ratschläge, methodischen Tipps und Hilfen, die zahlreichen anschaulichen Abbildungen zu allen Turnaktionen und nicht zuletzt die Unterrichts- und Projektbeispiele sollen den Sportfachkräften in Schulen und Sportvereinen die kompetente Vermittlung der in diesem Buch vorgestellten vielfältigen alternativen Turnformen erleichtern. Sie sind als Orientierung für eine erfolgreiche pädagogische Arbeit zu betrachten, die den Kindern und Jugendlichen ermöglicht, mit Spaß und Können den Bewegungsraum balancierend, schwingend, fliegend und springend kreativ und kunstvoll zu erobern.
Entwicklung eines Modells zur Bestimmung der Absprungkräfte auf dem Sprungbrett
Authors: Lehmann Thomas
Published: August 2020

Der Absprung vom Sprungbrett spielt eine Schlüsselrolle für das erfolgreiche Ausführen von Elementen am Gerät Sprung im Gerätturnen. Für die Generierung von Sofortinformationen relevanter Absprungparameter im Trainingsprozess erweisen sich die vorrangig verwendeten kinemetrischen Methoden als zu zeitaufwendig. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich dieses Buch mit der Entwicklung einer Modellmethode zur Ermittlung der Absprungkräfte auf dem Sprungbrett. Die Generierung eines Brettmodells sowie dessen Optimierung und Evaluation sind dargestellt. Die sportpraktische Anwendung des Modells wird am Beispiel von Überschlagsprüngen dargelegt.
Catalytic Micro/Nanomotors: Propulsion Mechanisms, Fabrication, Control, and Applications
Authors: Hu Liangxing , Wang Nan , Tao Kai
Published: August 2020

Micro-/nanomotors are self-propelled micro-/nanomachines, which are capable of converting the surrounding fuels into mechanical movement or force. Inspired by naturally occurring biomolecular motor proteins, scientists extensively paid great attentions to synthetic micro-/nanomotors. Especially, a number of researchers devoted their efforts onto catalytic micro-/nanomotors. In the past few decades, several advanced developments and excellent contributions have been made in catalytic micro-/nanomotors. The future of this research field can be bright, but some major existing challenges such as biocompatible materials and fuels, smart controlling, and specifically practical applications are still required to be resolved. Therefore, it is essential for us to learn the state of the art of catalytic micro-/nanomotors. In this chapter, the propulsion mechanisms, fabrication methods, controlling strategies, and potential applications of catalytic micro-/nanomotors are presented and summarized.
Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Ahmed Khadeer
Published: August 2020

Brain is a very efficient computing system. It performs very complex tasks while occupying about 2 liters of volume and consuming very little energy. The computation tasks are performed by special cells in the brain called neurons. They compute using electrical pulses and exchange information between them through chemicals called neurotransmitters. With this as inspiration, there are several compute models which exist today trying to exploit the inherent efficiencies demonstrated by nature. The compute models representing spiking neural networks (SNNs) are biologically plausible, hence are used to study and understand the workings of brain and nervous system. More importantly, they are used to solve a wide variety of problems in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). They are uniquely suited to model temporal and spatio-temporal data paradigms. This chapter explores the fundamental concepts of SNNs, few of the popular neuron models, how the information is represented, learning methodologies, and state of the art platforms for implementing and evaluating SNNs along with a discussion on their applications and broader role in the field of AI and data networks.
Investigation of the Chronic Effects of Winstrol and Oxandrolone Anabolic Steroids on Liver Enzymes in Male Bodybuilding Athletes
Authors: Abasnejad Mehran , Mohammadi Amin , Khajehlandi Ali
Published: August 2020

Background: Chronic use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) by athletes can cause detrimental effects on the liver, heart and arteries, kidneys, and hormonal systems. Besides, it may cause mental health problems. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of Winstrol and Oxandrolone anabolic steroids on liver enzymes in male bodybuilding athletes. Methods: This causal-comparative study was conducted on 30 bodybuilding athletes living in Yasuj City in 2019. Participants were included using the available and non-random sampling technique. Then, were divided into three groups (each with 10 members), including: (1) athletes with no history of AAS; (2) athletes with a history of AAS (three months away from consumption); and (3) athletes with current AAS consumption. After 12 hours of fasting, blood samples were taken in the morning to measure liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test using SPSS version 21 at a significance level of < 0.05. Results: The results showed higher degradation of the two enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) in the third group compared to the other two groups (P = 0.001, F = 130.84). Also, the damage of AST and ALT enzymes was more in the second group than the first group (P = 0.001, F = 188.178). Also, the results of one-way analysis of variance showed no significant difference between groups concerning serum ALP level (P = 0.227, F = 1.349). Conclusions: Steroid drugs have devastating effects on liver cells, even after three months of discarding their use, and the effects never get fully remedy, as they continue to affect consumers after quitting; However, it appears that the adverse effects on some liver enzymes significantly reduce over time.
Patients’ Views on Service Quality in Selected Iranian Hospitals: An Importance-Performance Analysis
Authors: Zarei Ehsan , Bagheri Ali , Daneshkohan Abbas , Khodakarim Soheila
Published: August 2020

Background: One of the basic steps to quality improvement in hospitals is to obtain patients’ feedback. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of hospital services from patient’s perspective in hospitals affiliated with the Dezful University of Medical Sciences (DUMS), Dezful, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 patients were selected from six hospitals of DUMS. The data was collected using the SERVQUAL questionnaire including 22 pairs of questions (organized in two aspects of service importance and performance) in 5 dimensions of tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. The importance-performance analysis (IPA) was used to determine the weaknesses of service quality and prioritizing the aspects requiring improvement. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.5, 32% (n = 128) had academic degrees, 55% (n = 220) were self-employed, and 16.5% (n = 66) did not have health insurance. The average length of day was 7.8 ± 8.3 days. The mean score of the importance and performance were 4.37 ± 0.75 and 3.72 ± 0.94, respectively. The service quality gap was -0.65. Tangibility (-0.68) had the largest negative gap while the smallest gap was related to the reliability (-0.63). The gap between importance and performance was significantly negative in all attributes and dimensions (P < 0.001). The results of the IPA showed that the tangibility was located in the Q VI, reliability and assurance in the Q I, and the responsiveness and empathy in the Q III quadrants. Conclusions: Quality of hospital services did not meet patients’ expectations and there is a room for improvement and obviate the gaps. Decision-makers can further use the results of the IPA to effectively allocate limited resources giving special attentions to the organizational weaknesses.
Plumularioid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program
Authors: Galea Horia R. , Maggioni Davide
Published: August 2020

This study reports on 25 species of hydroids occurring in the collections gathered during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions carried out in the SE of New Caledonia in 2016, and off the western coast of the island in 2017, respectively. Of these, 19 have not been dealt with in earlier reports on these collections. Two new genera and four new species are described, viz, Actinopluma mirifica Galea gen. et sp. nov., provisionally assigned to the family Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow, 1921, Schizoplumularia helicoidalis sp. nov., belonging to the Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859, and Corhiza patula Galea sp. nov. and Thamnopteros uniserius Galea gen. et sp. nov., both placed in the family Halopterididae Millard, 1962. The gonotheca and the medusoid gonophore of Plumularia contraria Ansín Agís et al., 2014 are described for the first time, allowing a genus transfer to Dentitheca Stechow, 1919, as D. contraria comb. nov. Plumularia conjuncta Billard, 1913, known earlier from a minute portion of colony, is redescribed based on a complete, though infertile, specimen. Similarly, complete specimens corresponding to the hydroid previously referred to as Antennella megatheca Ansín Agís et al., 2009 are documented, allowing a provisional reallocation to Corhiza Millard, 1962 and a description of its so far unknown gonothecae. Fertile material assignable to the poorly-known Monostaechas fisheri Nutting, 1905 allows the recognition of this hydroid as a valid species, distinct from M. quadridens (McCrady, 1859). Most taxa are illustrated to validate the reliability of their identifications. Finally, phylogenetic reconstructions of the families Aglaopheniidae, Plumulariidae, and Halopterididae, based on the 16S rRNA, allowed a first genetic characterization of some of the species dealt with in this work.
Direitos Humanos e História do Tempo Presente: entrevista com Bruno Sena Martins
Authors: Martins Bruno Sena , Borges Viviane , Joffily Mariana
Published: August 2020

Entrevista com Bruno Sena Martins da Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal) 
Entrevista concedida à Viviane Borges eMariana Joffily da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil)
Senghor, o intelectual que precisa ser apresentado ao grande público brasileiro.
Authors: Garrido Mírian Cristina de Moura
Published: August 2020

Resenha da obra:DURÃO, Gustavo de Andrade. Léopold Sédar Senghor: uma narrativa sobre o movimento da Négritude. Curitiba: Appris, 2020, 167 p.
Impacts des nouvelles modalités d’encadrement de la psychothérapie chez les travailleurs sociaux
Authors: Côté Marie-Andrée , Brodeur Normand
Published: August 2020

Les nouvelles modalités d’encadrement de la psychothérapie (NMEP), entrées en vigueur en 2012, définissent la psychothérapie et réglementent son exercice. Elles font en sorte que la majorité des travailleurs sociaux ne peuvent plus la pratiquer. Puisqu’il existe certains chevauchements entre le travail social et la psychothérapie, l’impact des NMEP sur les travailleurs sociaux a été examiné à l’aide d’un questionnaire, auquel ont répondu 74 travailleurs sociaux québécois. Les résultats indiquent que les NMEP ont eu un impact différencié sur les participants ayant un permis de psychothérapeute, ceux n’en ayant pas et ceux ayant tenté de l’obtenir.
Valores con premio
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: August 2020

En las pasadas ediciones de los certámenes internacionales de relaciones públicas hemos visto como algunas de las campañas más premiadas se basan en la promoción de valores positivos como el respeto, la inclusión y la protección del medio ambiente. Se trate de una tendencia o de acciones puntuales, la apuesta de algunas empresas por definir cuál es su misión, más allá de conseguir beneficios económicos, permite crear marcas con brand purpose que no solo comunican, sino que también actúan en defensa de unos valores compartidos con sus públicos.
¿Cuánto vale una película?
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: August 2020

De entre los infinitos atractivos que ofrece un festival como Sitges para los amantes del cine, fantástico (o no), encontramos también charlas profesionales como las organizadas por el Film Hub. En este artículo comparto de forma breve una síntesis de la sesión titulada “¿Cuánto vale una película?”, que se convirtió en una interesantísima masterclass sobre cómo se compran, se venden y se estrenan hoy en día las películas.