bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translating macroecological models to predict microbial establishment probability in an agricultural inoculant introduction
Authors: Klimasmith Isaac M. , Wang Bing , Yu Sora , Yoshikuni Yasuo , Kent Angela D.
Published: October 2024

The use of potentially beneficial microorganisms in agriculture (microbial inoculants) has rapidly accelerated in recent years. For microbial inoculants to be effective as agricultural tools, these organisms must be able to survive and persist in novel environments while not destabilizing the resident community or spilling over into adjacent natural ecosystems. Despite the importance of propagule pressure to species introductions, few tools exist in microbial ecology to predict the outcomes of agricultural microbial introductions. Here, we adapt a macroecological propagule pressure model to a microbial scale and present an experimental approach for testing the role of propagule pressure in microbial inoculant introductions. We experimentally determined the risk-release relationship for an IAA-expressing Pseudomonas simiae inoculant in a model monocot system. We then used this relationship to simulate establishment outcomes under a range of application frequencies (propagule number) and inoculant concentrations (propagule size). Our simulations show that repeated inoculant applications may increase establishment, even when increased inoculant concentration does not alter establishment probabilities. Applying ecological modeling approaches like those presented here to microbial inoculants may aid their sustainable use and provide a monitoring tool for microbial inoculants.
Knowledge, attitude towards, and utilization of friendly health services among school adolescents in the pastoral community of Guji zone, Ethiopia: an institution-based comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Godana Gobena , Garoma Silesh , Ayers Nicola , Abera Muluembet
Published: October 2024

Aim

Although sexual and reproductive health for adolescents is a recognized fundamental human right and a critical component of health policy, it is poorly addressed and seldom researched in pastoral communities. The study aimed to determine the status of sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and practice among pastoral school adolescents in Ethiopia.

Study design

An Institution-based comparative study was conducted from Nov. 2020 to Jan. 2021.

Methods

We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study at four randomly selected high schools. Seven hundred seventy-three adolescent students participated, with 384 from Gorodola and 389 from Wadara districts, Guji zone Ethiopia. The data was collected using 34 self-administered questions and analyzed using descriptive, t-test, and linear regression models.

Results

The study found that only 44.2% of all the participants had good knowledge, 46.1% had good attitudes and 35.4% had good utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services. Respondents from Wadara High School had significantly higher mean knowledge scores (49.3% vs. 44.2%, p < 0.01) than those of Gorodola High School. There was no significant difference in mean utilization scores between case and compare (45.08% vs. 37%, p > 0.01). Adolescents who were not communicated on SRH matters, previously utilized FHS, and visited Friendly Health facilities were associated with poor utilization of sexual and reproductive health services.

Conclusion and public health contributions

Wadera High School adolescents have better Sexual and reproductive health knowledge and utilization than Gorodola high schools. Community public health care providers in Wadara District explain the outcome through their contributions. Within the context of inherent disadvantage in the school environment setting, there is a need to improve sexual and reproductive health education with a greater emphasis on school girls.
Polysomnographically mediated cognitive improvements in individuals with insomnia symptoms following continuous theta-burst stimulation of the default mode network
Authors: Huskey Alisa , Fisher Julia M. , Hildebrand Lindsey , Negelspach David , Henderson-Arredondo Kymberly , Jankowski Samantha , Patel Salma I. , Chou Ying-Hui , Dailey Natalie S. , Killgore William D. S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Insomnia is associated with mild cognitive impairment, although the mechanisms of this impairment are not well-understood. Timing of slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep may help explain cognitive impairments common in insomnia. This investigation aimed to determine whether cognitive changes following continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) are attributable to active stimulation, polysomnographic parameters of sleep, or both.

Method

Data presented here are part of a pilot clinical trial aiming to treat insomnia by targeting a node in the default mode network using an inhibitory 40-s (cTBS). A double-blind counterbalanced sham-controlled crossover design was conducted. Participants (N = 20) served as their own controls on two separate in-laboratory visits—one with active cTBS and the other with sham cTBS. Each visit included cognitive assessments before and after stimulation and following a night of sleep in the lab monitored with polysomnography.

Results

Slow wave sleep duration influenced working memory in the active cTBS condition, with shorter duration predicting improvements in working memory post sleep (B = −0.003, p = 0.095). Onset latency to rapid eye movement sleep predicted subsequent working memory, regardless of treatment condition (B = −0.001, p = 0.040). Results suggest that changes in attention and processing speed were primarily due to slow wave sleep onset (B = −0.001, p = 0.017) and marginally predicted by slow wave sleep duration (B = 0.002, p = 0.081) and sleep efficiency (B = 0.006, p = 0.090).

Conclusions

Findings emphasize the important role that timing of slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep have on information processing. Future work using larger sample sizes and more stimulation sessions is needed to determine optimal interactions between timing and duration of slow wave and rapid eye movement throughout the sleep period.

Clinical trial registration

This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04953559). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04953559?locStr=Arizona&country=United%20States&state=Arizona&cond=insomnia&intr=tms%20&rank=1
How the digital economy enhances the grain supply chain resilience in China: exploring the moderating effects of government innovation-driven
Authors: Chang Jinrui , Jiang Huiming , Liu Jianbo , Li Mingyang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Ensuring food security in the new development paradigm urgently requires increasing the grain supply chain resilience. In order to clarify how can significantly enhance grain supply chain resilience, to demonstrate the relationship between the digital economy, government innovation-driven and grain supply chain resilience is necessary. To specify how the government can effectively perform its macro-regulatory functions, the government innovation-driven is reflected by government innovation-driven planning and government innovation-driven investment, respectively.

Methods

The data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021 have been used. The panel fixed effects model, moderating effects model and threshold effects model have been selected to analyze.

Results

Digital economy has a stronger enhancement effect on grain supply chain resilience; Government innovation-driven has an increased moderating effect on digital economy enhance grain supply chain resilience; The enhancement effect of digital economy and the moderating effect of government innovation-driven are differentiated between China’s functional zones of grain production; And the threshold effect of government innovation-driven planning shows a process of digestion and absorption, which accumulating to 0.018 will emerge a multiplier effect. Government innovation-driven investment is higher than 0.026, which can have a promoted moderating effect.

Discussion

To expand the depth of integration of the digital economy, accurately government innovation-driven, the focus should be on attracting innovative talent, who can construct the perpetual motion machine mode of “external promote + internal drive,” so as to strengthen the robustness of the grain supply chain.
Comorbidity profiles among sputum-positive tuberculosis patients in Cameroon
Authors: Magha Chefor , Nchang Lucy Cho , Weldeslassie Michael , Nkimbeng Desmond Akumtoh , Tchatat Nancielle Mbiatong , Meriki Henry Dilonga , Deribe Kebede , Nietcho Frank Noel , Foyet Juluis Visnel , Fombad Fanny Fri , Katcho Tatiana Djikeussi , Cho Jerome Fru , Gebremeskel Eyoab Iyasu , Waddell Simon J. , Bobosha Kidist , Newport Melanie J. , Hoerauf Achim , Ritter Manuel , Wanji Samuel
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Comorbid non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), kidney diseases, and hypertension, could have implications for tuberculosis (TB) treatment management and increase the disease burden amongst active TB patients.

Methods

This cross-sectional study aimed at profiling comorbidities amongst sputum-positive TB patients in the South West and Littoral regions of Cameroon and was relevant for improving disease management and public health interventions. Diabetes was defined by elevated blood glucose, body mass index (underweight: < 18.5 kg/m2, normal: 18.5– < 25.0 kg/m2, overweight: 25– < 30 kg/m2 and obese: ≥30.0 kg/m2) and hypertension by elevated blood pressure levels (i.e., systolic ≥130 mmHg or diastolic ≥80 mmHg). Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using case report forms. Descriptive analysis was performed, bivariate logistic regression analysis was computed with at least one comorbidity as the dependent variable (global model) and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to provide adjusted odds ratios (final model). The covariate with the highest p-value was removed until p < 0.25 cut-off, using R software version 4.3.1. p-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.

Results

Five hundred and forty-nine sputum-positive microscopically confirmed active TB patients were enrolled into this study. Two-thirds (65.8%) of the total patients were male. Overall, 56 sputum-positive TB patients had at least one non-communicable disease, thus a prevalence of 10.2% (95% CI = 7.9–13.0). The most frequently recorded NCD was diabetes 4.4% (95% CI = 3.1–6.7) followed by kidney disease 2% (95% CI = 1.1–3.6), hypertension 0.9% (95% CI = 0.4–2.2), and CVD 0.91% (95% CI = 0.4–2.2). Three TB patients (0.6%) had all four comorbidities examined. Age group (p < 0.001), and level of education (p = 0.049) were factors significantly associated with having at least one comorbidity.

Discussion

Our findings showed that diabetes was significantly the most prevalent comorbid NCD amongst sputum-positive TB patients (p < 0.001). HIV status, occupation, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol intake were not significantly associated with having at least one comorbidity. Implementing public health intervention programmes such as systematic screening of TB patients for NCDs especially diabetes is highly recommended for better control of these diseases.
The Effect of Seasonal Depression on Stock Market Returns
Authors: Kégl Virág , Petróczy Dóra Gréta
Published: October 2024

The study analyses the statistical relationship between the degree of seasonal depression and stock index returns. For this analysis, we examine the daily returns of two US and five European stock indices using OLS regression. The analysis found a statistically significant relationship between seasonal depression and the change in returns. However, due to the limited use of the reduced form, this only confirms the link between seasonal depression and returns, and further observations would be required to confirm a causal relationship.
The Impact of Trust-Building Leadership Behaviour at Selected Organisations in the Financial Sector
Authors: Nyéki Emőke , Juhász Márta
Published: October 2024

The study investigates the extent to which trust is reflected in managers’ behaviour in treating employees and how this is perceived by subordinates. Our analysis was conducted using the Pearson’s chi-square test and tests determining the likelihood ratio and linear relationship. Analysing the responses of a total of 556 employees from four financial organisations, we examined how managers can build trust with their employees and how, beyond the treatment by managers, the degree of change perceived within the organisation and the attitude of trust in employees affected employee engagement. The findings confirm that the experience of trust has a knock-on effect on the manager: it increases the manager’s internal security and self-confidence, which serves as an additional resource to reinforce the atmosphere of trust within the organisation.
Spatial Distribution of Hungarian Innovation-Driven Enterprises
Authors: Szoboszlai Mihály
Published: October 2024

The Magyar Nemzeti Bank’s 2023 Growth Report identified 1,100 innovation-driven enterprises that demonstrated exceptional growth in the 2010s. These enterprises not only exhibited rapid expansion, but they also engaged in significant innovation during the previous business cycle. According to the descriptive findings of the report, these firms are mostly located in the capital and in counties where there are universities with multiple faculties. This study investigates whether the concentration in the capital city is a unique phenomenon considering the firm demographic characteristics of the counties. The prevalence of innovation-driven enterprises did not significantly differ in six counties compared to Budapest, when considering the scope of activity, size, ownership structure and age of these firms. These counties were Baranya, Csongrád-Csanád, Fejér, Hajdú-Bihar, Heves and Szabolcs-SzatmárBereg.
Main Impacts of the Introduction of IFRS 17 on the Hungarian Insurance Sector
Authors: Szikráné Lindner Zsófia , Dénes Beatrix , Kosztik Gabriella , Merész Gabriella , Somogyvári Sándorné Mária
Published: October 2024

The analysis presents the effects and supervisory experience of the transition to IFRS 17 applicable to the insurance sector from 1 January 2023. The new standard is significant as it sets out a harmonised methodology for insurance contracts based on fair value, which is also the greatest challenge. It is estimated that the sector spent HUF 13.5 billion between 2018 and 2023 to prepare for IFRS 17. Three insurers report under IFRS: the accounting policies of these companies have changed significantly, and the transition has resulted in an overall increase in their equity. Twelve other insurers belonging to international groups prepare IFRS calculations for the group accounts. The application of IFRS 17 mainly affects these entities in terms of business plans and performance measurement. For these institutions, the analysis of IFRS calculations showed that the impact on equity varies in direction and magnitude, but that overall the application of IFRS would result in an increase in equity.
Payment Habits and Instant Payment Systems in the V4 Countries
Authors: Antal Péter , Póta Cserne Panka , Becsky-Nagy Patrícia
Published: October 2024

The study examines payment habits and instant payment systems in the Visegrád Four (V4) countries using a comparative analysis of secondary data. The authors identify the factors that influence household payment habits and the operational parameters of the instant payment systems in the V4. Based on the information thus identified, the similarities and differences between these countries and the reasons behind such are explored. Both quantitative and qualitative data are examined for the purposes of the summative evaluation, which concludes that the main reasons for cash payments are the lack of electronic payment options in certain payment situations, as well as the power of personal preferences and habits. Below a certain limit, the transfer is automatically instant in Hungary and does not entail any extra costs, while in the other three countries, instant transfer is optional and subject to a surcharge. Financial institutions and regulators play a key role in shaping household payment habits and enhancing instant payment systems.
Effects of Climate Change on the Future Attractiveness of Tourist Destinations in Greece
Authors: Lemesios Ioannis , Varotsos Konstantinos V. , Georgopoulou Elena , Sarafidis Yannis , Kapetanakis Dimitrios , Mirasgedis Sebastian , Gakis Nikos , Giannakopoulos Christos
Published: October 2024

Climate change is a major challenge for the global tourism sector, affecting destinations worldwide. Greece, known for its scenery and abundant cultural history, is particularly vulnerable to these impacts. Tourism is a key driver of Greece’s economy, yet climate change threatens both natural environments and cultural sites. To evaluate the impacts of climate change on different types of Greek tourism (beach, sightseeing, winter tourism in mountainous areas), the widely used Holiday Climate Index (beach and urban versions) alongside three additional climatic indices customized for Greek climatic conditions, namely the Urban Climate Comfort Index, the Beach Utility Index, and the Mountainous Winter Climate Index were utilized for top tourist destinations of Greece. The results indicate that urban tourism may face challenges during peak summer months due to rising temperatures, but the shoulder seasons (April–May and September–October) will offer improved conditions, potentially extending the tourist season. For beach tourism, favorable conditions are expected to increase from April to October, with significant gains in June and September. Winter tourism in mountainous areas, especially snow-dependent activities like skiing, is at risk due to the declining snow availability. Overall, the study highlights both the challenges and opportunities posed by climate change for Greece’s tourism sector. It emphasizes the importance of adaptation strategies, including infrastructural improvements and promoting alternative activities, to minimize negative impacts and enhance the future attractiveness of Greek tourism.
Advanced Electrochemical Monitoring of Carbendazim Fungicide in Foods Using Interfacial Superassembly of NRPC/NiMn Frameworks
Authors: Asrafali Shakila Parveen , Periyasamy Thirukumaran , Kim Seong Cheol , Lee Jaewoong
Published: October 2024

A simple, sensitive and reliable sensing system based on nitrogen-rich porous carbon (NRPC) and transition metals, NRPC/Ni, NRPC/Mn and NRPC/NiMn was developed and successfully applied as electrode materials for the quantitative determination of carbendazim (CBZ). The synergistic effect of NRPC and bimetals with acceptable pore structure together with flower-like morphology resulted in producing a highly conductive and interconnected network in NRPC/NiMn@GCE, which significantly enhanced the detection performance of CBZ. The electrochemical behavior investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed improved CBZ detection for NRPC/NiMn, due to the controlled adsorption/diffusion process of CBZ by the NRPC/NiMn@GCE electrode. The influences of various factors such as pH, NRPC/NiMn concentration, CBZ concentration and scan rate were studied. Under optimal conditions, 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with a pH of 7.0 containing 30 µg/mL NRPC/NiMn, a favourable linear range detection of CBZ from 5 to 50 µM was obtained. Moreover, a chronoamperometric analysis showed excellent repeatability, reproducibility and anti-interfering ability of the fabricated NRPC/NiMn@GCE sensor. Furthermore, the sensor showed satisfactory results for CBZ detection in real samples with acceptable recoveries of 96.40–104.98% and low RSD values of 0.25–3.45%.
Belief in a Just World Decreases Blame for Celebrity Infidelity
Authors: Huang Ching-Yi , Arai Takashi , Abe Tsuneyuki
Published: October 2024

Justice motivation has been considered one cause of celebrity infidelity scandals becoming flaming incidents. Nevertheless, few studies have examined how the belief in a just world (BJW), one motivation for justice, affects people’s attitudes toward these incidents. This study was conducted to identify the relations among BJW, negative emotions toward infidelity (NE), and celebrity infidelity blaming (CIB). Data were collected from 1186 Japanese adults (mean age = 44.9 years, SD = 13.8; 49.4% male). The results of structural equation modeling revealed that NE positively relates to CIB and plays a mediating role between BJW and CIB. However, BJW neither facilitates NE nor positively predicts CIB; on the contrary, it suppresses both NE and CIB. The findings indicate that BJW decreases people’s blame on celebrity infidelity and suggest future directions for mitigating the issues posed by casting blame on celebrities’ cheating scandals.
A Systematic Literature Review of Soft Skills in Information Technology Education
Authors: Mohammed Farhad Sadik , Ozdamli Fezile
Published: October 2024

This research addresses the importance of the soft skills approach, which encompasses problem-solving, collaboration, interpersonal and communication skills for higher education in the information technology (IT) field. IT graduate students continue to face difficulties in meeting the employability criteria of the global information technology sector due to mismatching capabilities, such as the discrepancy between the technical knowledge obtained in academia and the practical skills expected by employers. This systematic literature review used PRISMA guidelines for data collection. Papers were examined using the inclusion–exclusion criteria, which included concentrating on full-text studies about soft skills in higher education published in English between 2018 and 2024. The keywords used by the inclusion and exclusion criteria are soft skills, higher education, university, undergraduate, graduate, IT, information technology, software, computer science, programming, information systems and IS. The SCOPUS search engine platform found 2088 documents, and the (WOS) database obtained 1383 documents. To comprehend the significance of soft skills in the field and its effect on graduates’ employability, 69 papers were carefully examined. The rapid change following Industrial Revolution 4.0 has transformed the working environment, challenging new IT graduates to be competent in the working environment. This study highlights the importance of soft skills and self-awareness in university education, revealing that current curricula must adapt to the rapidly changing job market, especially post Industry 4.0. The literature review indicates that despite high technical competence, graduates lack essential soft skills like communication, teamwork, and problem-solving, creating a gap between new graduates and industry expectations. Hopefully, this study’s results will contribute to understanding the functionality and necessity of soft skills in the behavioral sciences literature. To bridge the skills gap between industry demands and technical proficiency, academic institutions should incorporate creative teaching approaches prioritizing soft skills like problem-solving, teamwork, and communication. Universities, recent graduates, and companies must work together to modify courses to meet the needs of a job market that is changing quickly.
Reduction of Trinitrobenzene to Amines with Molecular Hydrogen over Chrysocolla-like Catalysts
Authors: Kirichenko Olga A. , Shuvalova Elena V. , Kapustin Gennady I. , Davshan Nikolay A. , Mishin Igor V. , Kustov Leonid M.
Published: October 2024

The cheap non-noble Cu–SiO2-based nanocatalysts are under intensive study in different reactions resulting in useful chemicals, yet their application in environment protection is poorly studied. In the present work, the influence of the Cu loading (3–15 wt%) on the catalytic behavior of Cu/SiO2 materials was first precisely studied in the hydrogenation of hazardous trinitrobenzene to valuable aromatic amines with molecular hydrogen. The catalysts have been synthesized by the method of deposition–precipitation using urea. The catalyst characterization by XRD, TPR-H2, SEM, TEM, and N2 adsorption methods confirmed that they include nanoparticles of the micro-mesoporous chrysocolla-like phase supported in the mesopores of a commercial SiO2 carrier, as well as revealed formation of the highly dispersed CuO phase in the sample with the highest Cu loading. Variation in reaction conditions showed the optimal ones (170 °C, 1.3 MPa H2) resulting in complete trinitrobenzene conversion with a triaminobenzene yield of 65% for the catalyst with a 15% Cu loading, and the best yield of 82% was obtained over the catalyst with 10% Cu calcined at 600 °C. The results show the potential of Cu phyllosilicate-based catalysts for the utilization of trinitroaromatic compounds via catalytic hydrogenation to amines and their possible applications in a remediation treatment system.
Ultrasound-Activated Multifunctional Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Composites for Enhanced Osteosarcoma Treatment
Authors: Wang Mingjie , Xu Dong , Xu Chunfeng , Li Menghong , Du Chang , Liu Yuelian
Published: October 2024

Bone defects caused by surgical interventions and the challenges of tumor recurrence and metastasis due to residual cancer cells significantly complicate the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS). To address these complex clinical challenges, we propose an innovative therapeutic strategy that centers on an ultrasound-activated multifunctional bioactive calcium phosphate (BioCaP) composite. A modified curcumin (mcur)-mediated wet biomimetic mineralization process was used to develop an anticancer-drug-integrated multifunctional BioCaP (mcur@BioCaP), exploring its potential biological effects for OS treatment activated by ultrasound (US). The mcur@BioCaP demonstrates a drug dose-dependent, tailorable alteration in its micro/nanostructure. The US stimulus significantly enhanced this composite to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. The results show that the OS cell viability of the mcur@BioCaP with US is 62.2% ± 6.3%, the migration distance is 63.9% ± 6.6%, and the invaded OS cell number is only 57.0 ± 3.7 OS cells per version, which were all significantly lower than US or mcur@BioCaP alone, suggesting that the anticancer, anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects of mcur@BioCaP on OS 143B cells were amplified by ultrasonic stimulation. This amplification can be attributed to the US-activated ROS production from the drug molecules, which regulates the wet biomimetic mineralization of the multifunctional composite. Furthermore, mcur@BioCaP with US increased calcium nodule formation by 1.8-fold, which was significantly higher than mcur@BioCaP or US group, indicating its potential in promoting bone regeneration. The anticancer and osteogenic potentials of mcur@BioCaP were found to be consistent with the mcur concentration in the multifunctional composite. Our research provides a novel therapeutic approach that leverages a multifunctional biomimetic mineral and ultrasonic activation, highlighting its potential applications in OS therapy.
A Complete 1H and 13C NMR Data Assignment for Three 3-[Substituted methylidene]-1H,3H-naphtho-[1,8-cd]-pyran-1-ones
Authors: Stoitsov Dimitar , Marinov Marin , Penchev Plamen , Frenkeva Maria , Stoyanov Neyko
Published: October 2024

A combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including HMQC, HSQC, 1H-1H COSY and HMBC, was used to provide completely assigned 1H and 13C NMR data for the structures of three 3-[substituted methylidene]-1H,3H-naphtho[1,8-cd]-pyran-1-ones—3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1H,3H-naphtho[1,8-cd]-pyran-1-one, 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-1H,3H-naphtho-[1,8-cd]-pyran-1-one and 3-[(thiophen-3-yl)methylidene]-1H,3H-naphtho[1,8-cd]-pyran-1-one. The heteronuclear coupling constants 1–4JCF and 3–4JHF were correspondingly determined. Additionally, IR and Raman spectral data were provided in support of the assigned structures.
First Record of Bramble Sharks, Echinorhinus brucus (Echinorhiniformes, Echinorhinidae), in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Burt John A. , Torres-Florez Juan Pablo , Rodrigue Mattie , Nelson Cassidy , Chance Mika
Published: October 2024

The first record of bramble sharks (Echinorhinus brucus) in the United Arab Emirates is presented. In situ observations of multiple bramble sharks were made at depths between 460 and 720 m from two piloted submersibles and a remotely operated vessel, representing the first known observations of this species in its native deep-water habitat in Arabia and the Indian Ocean. Notably, this research expands on the documented regional distribution of E. brucus for the Gulf of Oman/Arabian Sea and extends this species’ regional records to deeper mesophotic zones. These findings underscore the need for further research to understand the ecology and distribution of this cryptic shark species, particularly given its global endangered status and the limited knowledge of its regional population dynamics.
The Effects of Native Grass and Shrub Restoration on Nesting and Fall Migrant Songbirds in Central Kentucky
Authors: Slankard Kate G. , Leffew Benjamin , Patton Michael D. , Baird Laura K. , Miller Jessica , Stoelb Daniel , Pelly Don , Barnard James O. , Taylor Loren , Burford Laura S.
Published: October 2024

While native grass and shrub restoration is often promoted for bird conservation, evaluations are necessary to understand the effects of habitat change on songbird vital rates and migratory stopover use. We evaluated the effects of native vegetation restoration on the species richness, productivity, and capture rate of breeding and fall migrating songbirds at the Shaker Village of Pleasant Hill, in central Kentucky, USA. From 2009 to 2022, we conducted constant effort mist netting, resulting in 8418 captures of 110 bird species. In 2012–2013, we implemented management in the study area, which began as an old field, to restore native grasses, forbs, and shrubs. Effects on the vital rates of breeding species included higher Spizella pusilla (field sparrow) and Spinus tristis (American goldfinch) productivity post restoration. Restoration of native vegetation also led to significantly higher fall capture rates for pooled cohorts of both long-distance and medium-distance migrants. Our results demonstrate that the restoration and management of native vegetation can enhance stopover habitats for fall migrating songbirds including neotropical migrants and the field sparrow, a common bird in steep decline. We recommend prioritizing areas for native grass and shrub restoration that initially lack structural heterogeneity (a well-developed grass component with diverse forbs and interspersed shrubs).
The Usefulness of the Regression-Based Normed SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test in Detecting Cognitive Impairment in a Community Sample
Authors: Stemmler Mark , Arnold Melina , Numbers Katya , Kochan Nicole A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry
Published: October 2024

Background: The SKT is a short cognitive performance test designed to assess impairments in memory and cognitive abilities such as attention and speed of information processing. In 2019, new regression-based norms for the English version of the SKT were calculated. This study has two aims: to establish valid cut-offs for distinguishing between no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia (1) and to cross-validate the new norms for detecting MCI and dementia in a community sample of older adults with clinical diagnoses (2). Methods: The validation sample included 143 older adults (mean age = 87.7, SD = 3.55) from the Sydney Memory and Aging Study (MAS Study). Participants were classified as having normal cognition, MCI, or dementia solely based on a consensus diagnosis; in addition, three tests (SKT, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III)) to measure cognitive impairment were applied. Sensitivity and specificity for all three tests, as well as bivariate correlations, were calculated. Results: The sensitivity of the SKT for the differentiation of cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia) from normal cognition was 80.6%. The convergence between the SKT and the consensus diagnoses was 70.3% for all three diagnostic groups. All correlations between the three tests and the consensus diagnosis were significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In sum, it can be stated that the SKT is a valid tool for detecting early stages of cognitive impairment, performing very well in discriminating between no cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia).
Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals and People with a Spinal Cord Injury on Resistance Exercise Intensity in Japan, Indonesia, Korea and Thailand
Authors: Jung Kyung Su , Chotiyarnwong Chayaporn , Kusumawardani Martha Kurnia , Yoon Seung-Hyun , Chotiyarnwong Pojchong , Narasinta Inggar , Tinduh Damayanti , Kouda Ken , Tajima Fumihiro
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: This study aims to investigate differences in the perspectives of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) on resistance exercise intensity in Asian countries in association with knowledge translation (KT). Also, it verifies the appropriateness of the conventional indicators for resistance exercise intensity in an Asian context. (2) Methods: 121 certified HCPs and 107 adults with SCI participated in a survey conducted in Indonesian, Japanese, Korean and Thai languages. The survey asked what principles are important for prescribing resistance exercise, and if ‘moderate’ and ‘vigorous’ were appropriate terms for indicating an intensity level. Perspective differences were examined between both groups and, further, between countries from a psychosocial perspective. (3) Results: Of the HCPs, 92% perceived that resistance exercise intensity was far more important than frequency, time or type of exercise while frequency (61%) followed by intensity (58%) was perceived as important by respondents with SCI. Only Japanese respondents with SCI agreed with the HCPs’ perception of intensity. Both HCPs and respondents with SCI showed unfavorable responses to the usage of ‘moderate’ and ‘vigorous’ for describing resistance exercise intensity, especially Japanese HCPs and respondents with SCI from Indonesia. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that non-HCPs must improve their perceptions of exercise intensity. Our findings also suggest the need for more explicit and user-friendly terms or expressions indicating the level of intensity in a local (Asian) context.
The Impact of Environmental and Housing Factors on the Distribution of Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in an Endemic Area of Chagas Disease in Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Ortega-Caballero Miguel , Gonzalez-Vazquez Maria Cristina , Hernández-Espinosa Miguel Angel , Carabarin-Lima Alejandro , Mendez-Albores Alia
Published: October 2024

Background: Chagas disease (CD), a Neglected Tropical Disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people in Latin America and the southern US and spreads worldwide. CD results from close interactions between humans, animals, and vectors, influenced by sociodemographic factors and housing materials. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate how these factors, along with seasonal changes, affect the distribution of CD vectors in an endemic community near Puebla, Mexico, using a cross-sectional survey. A total of 383 people from this area, known for the presence of major vectors such as Triatoma barberi and Triatoma pallidipennis, were surveyed. Results: As a result of the survey, it was found that only 27.4% of respondents knew about CD, and 83.3% owned potential reservoir pets; additionally, the quality of the wall, roof, and floor significantly influenced vector sightings, while the seasonal pattern showed less of an association. Chi-square tests confirmed these associations between vector sightings and housing materials (p < 0.001); vector sightings versus seasonal patterns showed less of an association (p = 0.04), and land use changes did not show an association (p = 0.27). Conclusions: Construction materials play an important role in the sighting of triatomines in homes, so important actions should be taken to improve homes. However, further experimental or longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality.
Ocular Manifestations of Pediatric Rhinosinusitis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Maniaci Antonino , Gagliano Caterina , Lavalle Salvatore , van der Poel Nicolien , La Via Luigi , Longo Antonio , Russo Andrea , Zeppieri Marco
Published: October 2024

Background: Rhinosinusitis is a common childhood illness that may result in a number of ocular problems. The goal of this thorough analysis is to compile the available data regarding the kinds, prevalence, and treatment of ocular problems related to juvenile rhinosinusitis. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of electronic databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, was carried out to pinpoint pertinent research articles written in English and published between the beginning and August of 2023. Included were studies that discuss ocular problems in young children suffering from rhinosinusitis. Study characteristics, ocular complication kinds, occurrence rates, and management approaches were the main topics of data extraction. Results: A significant number of pertinent research on ocular problems related to juvenile rhinosinusitis was found through the literature search. Preliminary searches indicated that orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and optic neuritis are probably the most often reported ocular problems. It is expected that these problems will occur at a wide range of incidence rates, from somewhat unusual to more prevalent. Depending on the severity of the consequences, management techniques are expected to require a combination of surgical and medicinal procedures. Healthcare professionals will benefit from the findings since they will improve knowledge of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of these potentially blinding consequences. The evaluation also assists in identifying knowledge gaps and guides future directions for this field of study, both of which are critical to enhancing patient outcomes. Conclusions: The wide range of topics included in this study will help to better understand the burden of ocular consequences related to juvenile rhinosinusitis and will make it easier to build preventative and treatment plans that work better.
Personal Resources for Psychological Well-Being in University Students: The Roles of Psychological Capital and Coping Strategies
Authors: Moreno-Montero Esteban , Ferradás María del Mar , Freire Carlos
Published: October 2024

In recent years, research has noted the increasing prevalence of mental health problems among university students. The current mental health needs of the university population, along with the multitude of stressors they face, have increased the importance of examining their psychological well-being and determining the personal resources that effectively promote it. In this context, the present research aims to analyze the roles of psychological capital (PsyCap) and coping strategies as personal resources that are significantly related to the psychological well-being (PWB) of university students. Specifically, the mediating roles of various coping strategies (both adaptive and maladaptive) in the relationship between PsyCap and PWB are explored. The study involves 391 university students from Spain. The results show partial mediation effects of adaptive coping strategies (cognitive restructuring and social support) on the relationship between PsyCap and PWB. Likewise, PsyCap is shown to be a direct positive predictor of adaptive coping strategies and PWB, as well as a direct negative predictor of maladaptive coping strategies (self-criticism). Therefore, it is concluded that PsyCap and some adaptive coping strategies serve as valuable personal resources that predict PWB in university students. PsyCap is also associated with a lower tendency to engage in maladaptive coping strategies, such as self-criticism. Similarly, the use of cognitive restructuring and/or social support is related to high levels of PWB among university students.
The Environmental Impacts of Future Global Sales of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Hassouna Fady M. A. , Shin Kangwon
Published: October 2024

During the last decade, developing more sustainable transportation modes has become a primary objective for car manufacturers and governments around the world to mitigate environmental issues, such as climate change, the continuous increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy depletion. The use of hydrogen fuel cell technology as a source of energy in electric vehicles is considered an emerging and promising technology that could contribute significantly to addressing these environmental issues. In this study, the effects of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Battery Electric Vehicles (HFCBEVs) on global GHG emissions compared to other technologies, such as BEVs, were determined based on different relevant factors, such as predicted sales for 2050 (the result of the developed prediction model), estimated daily traveling distance, estimated future average global electricity emission factors, future average Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) emission factors, future global hydrogen production emission factors, and future average HFCBEV emission factors. As a result, the annual GHG emissions produced by passenger cars that are expected to be sold in 2050 were determined by considering BEV sales in the first scenario and HFCBEV replacement in the second scenario. The results indicate that the environmental benefits of HFCBEVs are expected to increase over time compared to those of BEVs, due to the eco-friendly methods that are expected to be used in hydrogen production in the future. For instance, in 2021, HFCBEVs could produce more GHG emissions than BEVs by 54.9% per km of travel, whereas in 2050, BEVs could produce more GHG emissions than HFCBEVs by 225% per km of travel.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting for Civil Engineering Applications
Authors: Shehu Ledia , Yeon Jung Heum , Song Yooseob
Published: October 2024

This work embarks on an exploration of piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH), seeking to unravel its potential and practicality. PEH has emerged as a promising technology in the field of civil engineering, offering a sustainable approach to generating energy from ambient mechanical vibrations. We will explore the applications and advancements of PEH within the realm of civil engineering, focusing on publications, especially from the years 2020 to 2024. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly examine the potential and practicality of PEH in civil engineering applications. It delves into the fundamental principles of energy conversion and explores its use in various areas, such as roadways, railways, bridges, buildings, ocean wave-based energy harvesting, structural health monitoring, and even extraterrestrial settings. Despite the potential benefits of PEH in these domains, there are significant challenges that need to be addressed. These challenges include inefficient energy conversion, limitations in scalability, concerns regarding durability, and issues with integration. This review article aims to address these existing challenges and the research gap in the piezoelectric field.
CFD Simulations of a Loss of Heat Sink Experiment in the McMaster Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Shehu Kaltrina , Ruiz Kevin , Schlitt Tilmann , Day Simon , Pasuta Robert , Novog David , Reiter Christian
Published: October 2024

The McMaster nuclear reactor (MNR) is an important research facility that not only provides researchers with neutrons for fundamental science, but also supplies the medical industry with isotopes used for cancer treatment. To ensure the safety and performance of the MNR, modeling of the thermal hydraulics during nominal and accidental conditions is required. For such a task, system codes are customarily used. While system codes can assess the safety aspects of complex thermal–hydraulic systems, the question arises whether such systems can be modeled appropriately in a three-dimensional manner, such as computation fluid dynamics (CFD), while capturing the thermal mixing of the coolant. Modeling the thermal hydraulics of nuclear research reactors using CFD is relatively new. Therefore, validating such methods against experimental data is of utmost importance. The validation of CFD is the main focus of this work. More specifically, the influence of the loss of heat sink on the pool temperature is assessed using the CFD code Ansys CFX. The validation basis was provided by an experiment performed at the MNR in March 2023. In this experiment, the secondary heat removal system was intentionally shut down, and the pool temperature was measured in a few positions. The results obtained by modeling the loss of heat sink in the MNR using Ansys CFX agree well with the experiment.
Decoupling Analysis of Ignition Processes of Ammonia/N-Heptane Mixtures
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhang Yilin , Li Jingrui , Xu Changchun , Wen Huabing , Shen Jianhua , Jing Haiguo , Liu Haifeng , Wang Xinyan , Zhao Hua
Published: October 2024

To further understand the influence of n-heptane on the ignition process of ammonia, an isotope labeling method was applied in the current investigation to decouple the influence of the chemical effect, the thermal effect, and the effect of O radical from the oxidation of n-heptane on the ignition delay times (IDTs) of ammonia. An analysis of the time evolution of fuel, analysis of the time evolution of temperature, rate of consumption and production (ROP) analysis, and sensitivity analysis were conducted to gain a further understanding of the mechanism of the influence of the chemical effect, the thermal effect, and the effect of O radical on the ignition of ammonia. The results showed that the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior of n-heptane is mitigated by the blending of ammonia, and this mitigated effect of ammonia is mainly due to the chemical effect. The IDTs of ammonia under low and medium temperatures are significantly shortened by the chemical effect at a n-heptane mass fraction of 10%. The promoting effect of the chemical effect decreases when the n-heptane mass fraction increases. The time evolution of n-heptane for NC7H16/ND3-G can be classified into three stages at 800 K, and the rapid consumption stage is mitigated by an increase in temperature. The rapid consumption stage is suppressed by the chemical effect of ammonia, while O radical has a promoting effect on the rapid consumption stage. The chemical effect will enhance the sensitivities of reactions associated with ammonia. As the n-heptane mass fraction increases, the sensitivities of reactions associated with n-heptane are enhanced. Correspondingly, the effect of reactions associated with ammonia is weakened. When the n-heptane mass fraction is 30%, only reactions related to n-heptane have a great influence on the ignition of ammonia/n-heptane fuel blends under the thermal effect + the effect of O radical or only the thermal effect.
Trapping of Bubbles in Oil Sands Tailing Ponds
Authors: Hajieghrary Omid , Frigaard Ian
Published: October 2024

Oil sands tailings ponds are significant emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in Canada. To move beyond making surface or atmospheric measurements of GHG release, it is necessary to understand the physical mechanisms by which gas is generated, bubbles form and then are either released or remain trapped in the pond. We present a review of the physical description of tailings ponds, relevant to gas release models. In particular, we target rheological variations within a pond and how these directly affect the distribution of trapped gas bubbles with depth. Within the limits of the available data, we show how gas content may vary significantly across ponds, and develop data-driven one-dimensional models of gas distribution and rheology.