bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of organizational learning and continuous improvement in six sigma implementation
Authors: Savolainen Taina , Haikonen Arto
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of organizational learning and continuous improvement (CI) in the context six sigma implementation in business organizations operating in multicultural environments.

Design/methodology/approach

A specific research question is: does learning mechanisms and continuous improvement practices support each other and how, and what type of learning can be identified in the improvement of business processes. The question is linked to one of the fundamental issues currently discussed in the field of organizational learning; how do organizations get “from here to there”, in other words, what is the dynamics of the processes of learning and how progressive learning is achieved. A case study of a few Finnish companies is made and a procedural implementation model is applied.

Findings

The findings suggest that the learning process is characterized by measurement, detection and correction of errors, and cost reduction. In six sigma implementation, learning is a single‐loop type of learning. It is an incremental change process which reminds a technical variant of the learning organization. Continuous improvement occurs through procedural practices (the DMAIC‐cycle) which forms a structure for sustaining learning.

Research limitations/implications

In this study, an essential question remains still unanswered: what type of learning is appropriate when organizational performance is enhanced by process improvements in production, delivery processes, etc. and what kind of learning mechanisms are the most supportive to continuous improvement practices. Further research is needed to find out how (if at all) the technical (single‐loop) approach develops into social (cultural and political) type of learning enabling sustainable capability development. For researching this a longitudinal case study setting would be required. As this paper has reported on the authors' first exploration, further research is needed to increase understanding of learning mechanisms that support CI practices. In further studies it is necessary to “dig” in real life practices of six sigma implementation more deeply.

Practical implications

Management should invest in, and allocate resources to staff training in order to promote learning and CI. On the level of operational leadership, the role of the leaders needs to be more clearly defined and leaders should be empowered. Managerial implication is that the development of information systems is a necessity for supporting CI and progressive learning in six sigma implementation.

Originality/value

Explains the dynamics of continuous improvement and learning process. Presents findings from a case study in three Finnish multinational companies. Presents a few key success factors for progressive organizational learning in conclusion.
A framework to implement QCS through process cost modeling
Authors: Sharma Rajiv Kumar , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Pradeep
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe a structured framework to implement and sustain a quality costing system (QCS) based on process cost modeling (PCM) in process industries.

Design/methodology/approach

After reviewing and analyzing various cost accounting methodologies practiced by companies the research objectives were achieved by acknowledging the need to attach fuzziness to notion of “quality”. The imprecise, vague, and complex information related to cost items under Prevention, Appraisal and Failure (PAF) segments is synthesized using well‐established fuzzy principles. A case based approach from process industry is discussed to implement and sustain quality costing system after prioritizing the processes.

Findings

While conforming on the results of prior research on practice of quality costing approaches and the problems faced by the companies in implementing a quality management system the fuzzy approach (owing to its sound logic and effectiveness in identifying the vagueness and imprecision in human judgment) is successfully applied to elicit expert opinion regarding the importance of cost items. The information so obtained after fuzzy synthesis is used to set up priority with respect to the processes which can provide necessary help to managers/practioneners to invest efforts in reduction of cost of non‐conformances (CONC) and optimal allocation of resources.

Practical implications

The approach discussed in the paper will be helpful to managers; quality practitioners to set up/improve various quality improvement initiatives for successful implementation of quality costing system.

Originality/value

The framework discussed in the paper provides a novel approach to implement QCS by using PCM after judicious selection of the processes and cost items.
The role of control charts in promoting organisational learning
Authors: Grigg Nigel , Walls Lesley
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the theoretical interface between statistical thinking, the statistical method of the control chart, and contemporary theories of organisational learning in regard to processes and their improvement.

Design/methodology/approach

Theoretical discussion results in an integrated model showing how statistical thinking and methods relate to organisational learning. This is supported by findings from a food industry research project following a design of: exploration (stage 1); theory development (stage 2); and theory testing/refinement (stage 3) incorporating surveys, case studies and key informant interviews.

Findings

Empirical evidence shows that statistical techniques such as the control chart can be of benefit to organisations for creating process improvement and organisational learning, providing the charts are utilised to actively convert the data they contain into information and knowledge about the process. Four distinct categories of use of control charts were observed which impacted on the effectiveness with which the charts were able to achieve this.

Research limitations/implications

The findings have come from a study conducted only on the food industry. The implications are generalisable, however, to the wider industry context.

Practical implications

Findings illustrate problems with control chart application and the vital role of statistical thinking in ensuring that maximum benefit is derived from the charts. We argue that statistical thinking is a fundamental prerequisite to achieving effective double loop learning when using control charts as a basis for process monitoring and improvement

Originality/value

Statistical thinking and knowledge management are both growing areas of interest within the quality management and process improvement literature. The paper examines their interrelationship.
The relationship between total quality management and the focus of project management practices
Authors: Bryde David James , Robinson Lynne
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to explore the influence of a total quality management (TQM) programme on the level of focus in project management practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Prior literature was used to develop a construct indicating the degree of focus on customers, time/cost/quality (iron/golden triangle) and other stakeholders. A questionnaire was mailed to a random selection of UK organizations to obtain data on the degree of focus and on whether a TQM programme existed.

Findings

The results from an analysis of completed questionnaires show that those in organizations with a TQM programme in place are more customer‐focused in their project management practices than those in organizations with no TQM programme. No such relationship was found between the level of iron/golden triangle and other stakeholder focus and a TQM programme.

Research limitations/implications

Given the exploratory nature of the research reported in this paper there is the opportunity for further work on larger populations to confirm the generalizability of the findings. Also, this research has highlighted an association between the level of focus of project management practice and the existence of a TQM programme, and this requires further investigation in terms of confirming suggested cause and effect relationships.

Practical implications

The existence of a link between a TQM programme and customer‐focused project management practice provides a potential route for those looking to improve project performance through placing a greater emphasis on satisfying the customer. The absence of a link between TQM and a focus on other stakeholders suggest that the elements of TQM that facilitate an increase in customer‐focus are not able to overcome the barriers to high levels of stakeholder‐focus on project management practice.

Originality/value

The exploratory research in this paper focuses on the link between TQM and an area of operational practices, namely, project management‐related, that has received limited attention in prior studies.
TQM principles' application on information systems for empirical goals
Authors: Siddiqui Jamshed , Rahman Zillur
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe a study conducted in Indian companies to evaluate the role of total quality management (TQM) of information systems (IS) in pragmatically realizing organizational goals. As the Indian customer becomes more and more brand savvy – largely owing to the globalization and advertising boom, quality consciousness is doomed to increase and if quality issues in the Indian industry are not addressed in time, competition might lead to its elimination.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper explains TQM philosophy on the basis of principles of top management commitment, customer centric advancements of processes, benchmarking for problem solving, relentless improvement and strengthening the employee base. Data were collected through a questionnaire‐based survey of managers. Results were interpreted by multivariate analysis of qualitative responses.

Findings

The paper argues that TQM and IS can be quite fruitful in improving the quality of products and services offered to the end customer. Further it quantifies the extent of top management support for TQM in IS, the extent of benefits realized by TQM, relationship between IS‐TQM realized benefits and top management support and relationship between the IS‐TQM realized benefits and TQM principles implemented.

Research limitations/implications

Data are opinion‐based, hence respondents' bias could not be eliminated and difference of opinion within a firm has not been entertained. Research in the area may build upon these findings to further investigate the implementation of TQM principles specific to conditions of IS in Indian firms.

Originality/value

The paper adds to the knowledge on business in India as the nation invites foreign investment. The paper findings may help management of firms in the process of introducing TQM for IS as a measure to enhanced awareness for quality.
Renault‐Nissan: a marriage of necessity?
Authors: Donnelly Tom , Morris David , Donnelly Tim
Published: January 2007

Purpose

To examine the reasons why Renault of France and Nissan of Japan entered into a merger. Over the past decade the automotive industry has been subject to a spate of merges and take‐overs which not only brought about a considerable degree of consolidation, which made it increasingly difficult for smaller concerns such as Renault and Nissan to compete globally. This paper examines the reasons why these two merged and demonstrates how success was achieved in the short term.

Design/methodology/approach

The main methodology applied was that of conventional pre‐ and post‐merger analysis models, but with a particular focus on that of Testa and Morosini which has been applied to other industries, but not so far to the automotive.

Findings

The conclusions drawn from the papers were that careful pre‐merger approaches had been made by both parties to each other and that Nissan had little alternative but to see Renault as a rescuer. Also illustrated is the role played by strong leadership in the process and the necessity of speedy implementation of post‐merger strategies. Decisions were taken swiftly and the short‐term goals set were achieved.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations centre on the short‐term nature of the paper which has a very narrow focus.

Practical implications

These centre on the importance of a strong relationship between pre‐ and post‐merger strategy policies.

Originality/value

This lies in demonstrating the importance of the Testa‐Morosini model in cross‐border merger analysis.
Insatiable demand or academic supply: the intellectual context of entrepreneurship education
Authors: Adcroft Andy , Dhaliwal Spinder , Willis Robert
Published: January 2007

Purpose

To consider whether the growth in management and entrepreneurship education is driven by (external) demand or (internal) academic supply.

Design/methodology/approach

Three key elements of the intellectual context of management and entrepreneurship education are considered: the apparent causal relationship between improved management and economic performance; the privilege afforded to management as an agent of change in the context of globalisation; reforms in the public sector which define problems in terms of management rather than resources.

Findings

There is a lack of clarity as to whether the purpose of entrepreneurship education is about promoting higher levels of activity or better recognising entrepreneurial activity.

Originality/value

The paper offers an alternative perspective on entrepreneurship education through an examination of its purpose rather than its form and content.
Relational risk perception and alliance management in French biotechnology SMEs
Authors: Delerue Hélène
Published: January 2007

Purpose

Strategic alliances are often described as risky, dangerous, and instable. When firms adopt these strategies, they are confronted with a relational risk. Nevertheless, little empirical work has been down on relational risk in alliances. For this reason, this research is founded and constructed on two principal questions: what is relational risk? And how is this risk to be managed?

Design/methodology/approach

From a methodological point of view, neither one paradigm nor the other concerning previous research was favoured. The process of the empirical research is based on an inductive non‐demonstrative step. It was carried out in two phases. Firstly, exploratory research was aimed at complementing previous research and formulating hypotheses. These hypotheses were tested with survey data on 87 partnerships of French biotechnology firms.

Findings

The results demonstrate the multidimensional character of relational risk and the duality of relational control. Relational control includes autonomous control and informal control.

Research limitations/implications

Nevertheless, this research adopts a static perspective. It is known that alliances evolve, and develop. Consequently, future research should include the interactive process to understand how these two forms of management – autonomous and informal – evolve and in what cases they complement themselves.

Practical implications

From a managerial point of view, the results emphasize the need to be aware of existing dynamics between systems of control and relational risk perceptions.

Originality/value

This research proposes an empirical study of risk management model in alliance relationships and demonstrates the importance to adopt a multidimensional view of relational risk.
Management accounting performance measurement systems in Swedish banks
Authors: Hussain Mostaque
Published: January 2007

Purpose

To study the nature of management accounting performance measures in the Financial Services Industry (FSI). The nature of Performance Measurement (PM), specially non‐financial PM in FSI (service “shop”) has not been explored before.

Design/methodology/approach

This exploratory multiple case study consists of survey, interviews with questionnaire, individuals' (senior management and executives) interviews, collecting primary and secondary sources of information as well as literature surveys.

Findings

The results of this study demonstrate that the actual practices of the recent trends of management accounting in non‐financial PM are negligible in the studied financial institutions, and management of studied banks paying more attention to improve and measure financial performance than that to non‐financial performance for different reasons that affect the function/operation of FSI.

Research limitations/implications

The field study is being conducted without a conceptual/theoretical framework. An explanatory case study with particular theoretical framework/model could make possible to discuss the factors that affect non‐financial PM in this particular industry. Moreover, a comparative study with manufacturing industry would make the research results more robust.

Practical implications

A stable economic condition and competition that would increase the need and importance of non‐financial PM in FSI as well as in other services (and even in manufacturing industries).

Originality/value

This paper explores the nature of management accounting PM particularly in FSI.
EC approach to governance as applied to the modernisation of competition policy
Authors: Vindelyn Smith‐Hillman A.
Published: January 2007

Purpose

“Re‐shaping” policy provides the opportunity for an inclusive approach to decision‐making in dialogue with existing member‐states and anticipated new members. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which the governance process that underpinned the modernisation of EC competition policy (Council Regulation (EC) No. 1/2003, effective 1 May 2004) can be considered inclusive.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi‐level genre is used to describe EC governance with respect to the implementation of revised competition policy. The process is evaluated through the levels of involvement of the key stakeholders, i.e. firms (national, European and non‐European), consumers, national competition authorities (NCAs), the European Commission, and member states. The main explanatory vehicles relied on are institutionalism governance, policy network analysis and inter‐governmentalist models of governance.

Findings

Multi‐level governance was apparent as member states established national working parties and committees that paralleled similar consultation in Brussels. Good governance was evident through the democratic process that involved interest groups in policy network analysis. Ultimate authority, however, remains vested in the Commission, vouchsafed through legislation and institutionalism.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the small but growing literature that illustrates the complex interaction between governance and implementation of public policy.
European integration and the dynamic process of investments and divestments of foreign TNCs in Greece
Authors: Georgopoulos Antonios , Gert Preusse Heinz
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to analyse how European integration shapes the locational decisions of foreign transnational corporations (TNCs).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper concentrates on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the European Union (EU) and highlight the case of Greece. The investigation is based on a wide original sample of 199 foreign industrial subsidiaries operating in Greece. In particular, the paper reveals the dynamic investment and divestment strategies of TNCs in the host economy, which have taken place in the context of the reduction of EU market fragmentation and barriers to entry.

Findings

The empirical results suggest, that, in general, the participation of Greece in the EU has not increased the attractiveness of the country as a production base for TNCs. In fact, Greece did neither manage to attract considerable amounts of export oriented foreign investment nor did it receive much efficiency seeking FDI.

Research limitations/implications

The findings show for the case of Greece that divestment strategies of TNCs play a crucial role in explaining FDI patterns. For extending the results to more general applications, further research on this topic is needed.

Practical implications

The paper concludes that the integration of Greece into the EU has uncovered some structural deficits of the national economy. In addition, we identify some important locational weaknesses concerning the Greek ability to attract FDI. Thus, in order to stop divestment of foreign TNCs further reform efforts are necessary. These findings are of particular interest for public policy makers.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first study that jointly analyse the investment and divestment strategies of TNCs in the specific regional context of Greece and the EU. It draws on an original sample of 199 foreign enterprises operating in Greece.
An examination of the globalisation of authorship in publishing in 20 leading marketing journals
Authors: Polonsky Michael Jay , Garma Romana , Mittelstaedt John D.
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the global contribution of academics to marketing literature between 1999 and 2003, based on an examination of the location of academics institution of employment, as reported in published works. The data is used to evaluate the global dispersion of publishing.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses the method of content analysis where the authorship of all articles in 20 leading marketing journals between 1999 and 2003 is examined. An empirical examination of performance was undertaken across geographic regions. There was also an examination of whether the quality of journal affected regional performance.

Findings

The research found that there is a significant “bias” of authorship within the 20 journals examined, with the majority of works published by academics at institutions in North America. There is some variation in regional performance based on the type of journal examined.

Research limitations/implications

There was no attempt to empirically examine why differences might exist. The study only focused on a sample of 20 English language journals over five years. These journals have been included in studies that list the leading marketing journal for US and European academics.

Practical implications

The research suggests that there may in fact be regional differences in publishing behaviour. It is unclear if these differences relate to variations in the “objectives” of institutions within each country or other factors, such as the North American publish‐or‐perish mentality. The research posits that a marketing knowledge may be unnecessarily restricted, if there is a bias against non‐North American perspectives.

Originality/value

While there have been other works examining research performance of institutions, there has been limited examination in marketing on the nation in which authors work and none have used a broad cross‐section of journals. This work takes a global “snapshot” of national research performance within marketing.
The Pareto plus syndrome in top marketing journals: research and journal criteria
Authors: Svensson Göran , Wood Greg
Published: January 2007

Purpose

Pareto's Law often refers to the theory that a small percentage of a total is responsible for a large proportion of the total outcome. It is commonly known as the 80/20 law or principle. The objective is to review and debate whether there is a “Pareto syndrome” in the distribution of crucial research and journal criteria in top marketing journals.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors provide a review and a debate based upon previous research on top marketing journals. For this purpose, the Pareto syndrome concept is introduced, based upon a set of research and journal criteria. Their distribution is examined.

Findings

The review of research and journal criteria in top marketing journals generated an extremely skewed outcome. When it comes to the criteria, the top journals in marketing tend to be governed by narrow concerns of research rather than broad ones.

Research limitations/implications

The research and journal criteria that have a skewed outcome may reinforce the rigidity and the lack of innovativeness of the marketing discipline. The evolutionary speed of the discipline may at best be reduced or it may at worst grind to a halt. The authors argue that there are a number of serious concerns to be addressed in the future review and debate of top journals in marketing.

Practical implications

Editors and editorial boards need seriously to address the concerns reviewed and debated, namely the skewed distribution of criteria, such as affiliation, data and methodology.

Originality/value

The authors debate that there is evidence that confirms the existence of a Pareto plus syndrome in key research and journal criteria of top marketing journals.
Enhancing contemporary entrepreneurship
Authors: Darling John , Gabrielsson Mika , Seristö Hannu
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The contemporary business arena continues to hold great promise for dramatic innovational developments unheard of in previous eras. The purpose of this paper is to suggest ways to achieve organizational excellence through entrepreneurship in today's dynamic environment of opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors' research has focused on the foundation of successful entrepreneurial management leadership in the achievement of organizational excellence. Data were collected primarily from well‐known entrepreneurs identified during the past ten years in various publications.

Findings

Research shows that the major reflections of operational excellence in organizational entrepreneurship revolve around the care of customers, constant innovation, committed people and managerial leadership.

Research limitations/implications

Many relatively creative ideas regarding entrepreneurial management and leadership have been put forward in this treatise, which clearly require further validation by future research.

Practical implications

Successful leadership has been found to be based upon four key strategies: attention through vision, meaning through communication, trust through positioning, and confidence through respect. Research further suggests that at the heart of successful leadership strategies rest a concern for people and the interpersonal values of joy, hope, charity and peace. These values provide a new paradigm of interactive cues and a foundational core for the successful fulfillment of those key strategies.

Originality/value

This research contributes by developing a model of keys to organizational excellence, and leadership strategies and values. Furthermore, this paper may benefit companies that are trying to reinvent themselves by fostering innovativeness within their organizations.
Essential changes for knowledge management establishment in a country: a macro perspective
Authors: Jafari Mostafa , Akhavan Peyman
Published: January 2007

Purpose

By now, change management programs for establishing knowledge management system at a national level for the countries have not been systematically explored. Available studies have derived their critical issues for change management from companies' perspectives and have not considered the needs of a larger scale such as a country and at a national level. This paper aims to fill this gap.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative case study technique has been used in this paper for data collection to gain insights into the topic being investigated. For that, “grounded theory” research approach has been selected by which the collected data from some case studies (European countries) are categorized and analyzed through specific stages. The extracted concepts can demonstrate critical issues of change management programs for knowledge management establishment at a national level.

Findings

The overall results from the case studies were positive, thus reflecting the appropriateness of the proposed concepts. In addition, ten concepts and a framework are the other findings of this research that clarify how to design and implement a change management program for knowledge management adoption at a national level.

Practical implications

The set of critical factors (concepts) can act as a list of items for countries to address when adopting knowledge management through a change management program. This helps to ensure that the essential issues and factors are covered during design and implementation phase. For academics, it provides a common language for them to discuss and study the factors crucial for the success of change management program designed for knowledge management adoption at a macro level.

Originality/value

This study is probably the first to provide an integrated perspective of critical issues for change management program during KM adoption at a national level in the countries. It gives valuable information and guidelines which hopefully will help the governments to mange essential changes for accomplishing knowledge management through their countries.
Basic garment pattern generation using geometric modeling method
Authors: Kim Sungmin , Kyu Park Chang
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The generation of individually fit basic garment pattern is one of the most important steps in the garment‐manufacturing process. This paper seeks to present a new methodology to generate basic patterns of various sizes and styles using three‐dimensional geometric modeling method.

Design/methodology/approach

The geometry of a garment is divided into fit zone and fashion zone. The geometry of fit zone is prepared from 3D body scan data and can be resized parametrically. The fashion zone is modeled using various parameters characterizing the aesthetic appearance of garments. Finally, the 3D garment model is projected into corresponding flat panels considering the physical properties of the base material as well as the producibility of the garment.

Findings

The main findings were geometric modeling and flat pattern generation method for various garments.

Originality/value

Parametrically deformable garment models enable the design of garments with various size and silhouette so that designers can obtain flat patterns of complex garments before actually making them. Also the number and direction of darts can be determined automatically considering the physical property of fabric.
Operational loss and new service design
Authors: Shulver Michael
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The understanding of operational failure (or loss generally) and its role as an imperative for service design is underdeveloped. This paper investigates external and internal loss categories (such as market failure, and unexploited resource development) and their relationship to the loss response; specifically, reactions to loss in the form of ex post loss control via new service design (NSD).

Design/methodology/approach

The investigation consists of complimentary theoretical and empirical dimensions and includes the analysis of five service design cases. This analysis deploys a model based upon the extant service design and innovation, resource‐based view and operational risk literatures.

Findings

The findings question the universal applicability of extant normative and descriptive models of service design. After arguing that their use should be limited to specific contexts, the paper proposes a new, more general conception of service design modes.

Originality/value

The paper comments on patterns of service design practice not discussed previously. It highlights some dangers inherent in following conventional prescription on design processes, illustrates a positive role for loss in design, and proposes new frameworks for NSD that accommodate loss as a contributor to the process.
Online community: enhancing the relationship marketing concept through customer bonding
Authors: Szmigin Isabelle , Canning Louise , Reppel Alexander E.
Published: January 2007

Purpose

To revisit relationship marketing in the context of the digital economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper develops a conceptual framework (the customer bonding triangle) that enables greater understanding of the contributions of service delivery and online communities in the development of bonds in interactive relationships. The function of the three key elements of the framework (namely service value, technical infrastructure and interactivity) in enabling bonding via internet communities, is developed.

Findings

Suggests that firms rethink the role and nature of the consumer and that in order to facilitate bonding firms must make use of systems that are tightly integrated yet can also incorporate flexibility to help develop better understanding amongst participants.

Originality/value

Provides a framework to help understand key elements in interactive relationships.
A functional approach to appraisal and retention scheduling
Authors: Man Elizabeth
Published: January 2007

Purpose

This paper presents the approach being taken to appraisal and retention scheduling at the National Patient Safety Agency based on the principles of ISO 15489.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper sets out the background to, and the factors affecting, the development of appraisal and scheduling practice. It then focuses on the use of a functional analysis approach to appraisal and scheduling within the context of a pilot project, describing the appraisal methodology, survey and scheduling techniques used within the pilot and evaluating their effectiveness in meeting relevant statutory and organisational requirements for records retention.

Findings

The pilot survey provided valuable learning. Functional appraisal and surveying techniques were found to be particularly effective for establishing the business context of records and identifying their primary values; that is the legal and organisational requirements governing their retention. However, they were less effective at recognising secondary values such as archival value or dealing with the legacy records.

Originality/value

Considers the lessons learned and how they are influencing the development of retention policy and practice.
What is the essence of records management?
Authors: Ryan David
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to share impressions of a witness seminar conference which explored the Essence of Records Management held in May 2006 in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on the concluding remarks made by the author as the conference rapporteur.

Findings

The paper concludes that the witness seminar format of the conference was very successful with much interaction between the speakers and participation from the audience; on the issues explored there has not been a paradigm shift; and that there are important areas which are still to discuss.

Originality/value

This paper shares impressions from a very different conference format which encourages debate amongst experts; it also raises some very important questions and challenges for records managers going forward.
Introducing information management into the workplace
Authors: Bedford Diane , Morelli Jeff
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The paper aims to provide a practical example of the implementation of a business classification scheme (BCS) within the Sector Skills Development Agency (SSDA)

Design/methodology/approach

The case study encompasses the implementation of the BCS without an electronic document and records management system (EDRMS), the introduction of associated policies and procedures, training and upgrades to software and hardware during the first 18 months of the project

Findings

The paper finds that it is now always appropriate for an organisation to implement an EDRMS in order to achieve compliance. The key is ensuring that a relevant and tested BCS is in place accompanied by related policies and procedures on its use.

Practical implications

Prior to embarking on implementing a BCS or EDRMS consideration should be given to the organisation's culture and structure. Achieving buy‐in from users is essential, which can be achieved through taking the time to understand users' ways of working and potential issues they may identify.

Originality/value

The paper provides a practical example of BCS implementation without the use of an EDRMS.
Toward the development of an integrated model of technology internalization within the supply chain context
Authors: Forman Howard , Lippert Susan K.
Published: January 2007

Purpose

Integrating information technologies in supply chains is becoming increasingly more important and challenging. The purpose is to develop a framework for understanding antecedents to internalizing technologies in supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review covering over 30 years of interdisciplinary research was used as the theoretical underpinning for developing the supply chain internalization model (SCIM). A series of 93 personal interviews with members of a major automotive supply chain were conducted, and detailed qualitative data collected, to identify a set of significant antecedents to technology internalization.

Findings

The results of the research is an empirically derived framework, the SCIM, including a comprehensive set of 79 directional antecedents useful for academicians and practitioners for understanding factors impacting how information technologies are internalized in organizations and supply chains.

Research limitations/implications

Empirically testing the proposed directional relationships can be used to confirm their validity and measure the relative strengths of individual or interacting antecedents. The relationships outlined in the SCIM should be tested in a diverse array of industries in order to generalize the model. In addition, the relative strength of the factors should be tested since in different contexts. For more robust understandings, moderating and mediating effects amongst the variables should be identified.

Practical implications

Practitioners can use the SCIM as a source for established guidelines for developing strategies for implementing information technologies.

Originality/value

This paper lays the groundwork for facilitating the internalization of information technologies in supply chains and is flexible enough to accommodate future research into technology internalization.
A longitudinal examination of JIT purchasing practices
Authors: Giunipero Larry C. , Gopalakrishna Pillai Kishore , Chapman Stephen N. , Clark Ronald A.
Published: January 2007

Purpose

To examine the changes in just‐in‐time (JIT) purchasing practices over time.

Design/methodology/approach

The evaluation of changes in JIT purchasing practices was done through a longitudinal study. The first study was performed in 1989. The second study was performed almost a decade later. The empirical studies measured the managerial perceptions of the importance of nine different areas of JIT purchasing activities. Regression and bootstrapping were used for comparison between time periods.

Findings

The study found similar results from a decade earlier on all but 17 out of a total of 103 JIT purchasing practices. The only significantly more important item was the contract provision for delivery frequency. It appears that purchasing professionals have learned and are more familiar with JIT purchasing practices. As a result four problem areas were significantly lower and 12 other practices deemed less important.

Research limitations/implications

Sample size is a limitation for the study. The analysis suggested certain influences of SCM on JIT practices. More rigorous measurement of SCM needs to be undertaken to explore the degree of integration of JIT with SCM philosophy.

Practical implications

The study identifies best JIT practices from a decade of practice.

Originality/value

This is a longitudinal study. It tracks the changes in practices and identifies best practices for managers.
Management development and the supply chain manager of the future
Authors: Mangan John , Christopher Martin
Published: January 2007

Purpose

With the growing acceptance of logistics and supply chain management (SCM) as critical business concerns, there is an emerging realisation that more investment is needed to develop appropriate managerial skills and competencies for supply chain managers. This paper explores the challenges for management development that arise as organisations seek to bridge the gap between current capabilities and those required for future success.

Design/methodology/approach

Three constituencies were of interest to our research: providers of education and training, students and participants on programmes, and corporates who purchase programmes. A triangulated research approach was employed in order to capture the views of each of these constituencies. This comprised a focus group, interviews and surveys, and a case study of logistics/SCM development at one of the world's leading pharmaceutical companies.

Findings

The key knowledge areas and competencies/skills required by logistics and supply chain managers are identified. Preferred teaching approaches are also identified, as are optimum approaches for career development. The subtle yet significant differences that exist among the three constituencies in the various areas and approaches are highlighted. The results thus constitute a tentative skills profile for the logistics and supply chain manager of the future.

Originality/value

The research provides a multi‐stakeholder insight, set in the context of the key business transformations which are shaping logistics and SCM practice, into the development of the supply chain manager of the future. Practical recommendations emerge for all stakeholders in logistics/SCM development practice. Recommendations for further research are also made, particularly for (from a methodological perspective) more case study research, and (from a research focus perspective) research into learning styles and also linking individual, organisational and supply chain learning.
Impact of postponement on transport: an environmental perspective
Authors: Yang Biao , Yang Ying , Wijngaard Jacob
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of postponement in the context of environmentally sound management.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper examined the environmental issues for a postponement strategy, with transport as a mediating factor. It also investigated the impact of related practices (e.g. just in time, e‐commerce, vendor managed inventory and factory gate pricing) on transport.

Findings

This paper discussed ways of developing a postponement strategy which could benefit the economy, and which are not limited to taking into consideration the trade‐off between inventory and transport costs. Some thoughts were also presented on possible ways of mitigating the effects of the increase in transport on traffic congestion and pollution levels.

Practical implications

The results of the research contribute to better designing the postponement strategy by placing more emphasis on environmental compatibility while conforming to the end market demand.

Originality/value

The paper emphasises the importance of environmental issues in a postponement strategy. It calls for a need to further understand the trade‐offs between optimal supply chain efficiency and its environmental impact.
Are supply (driven) chains forgotten?
Authors: Hull Bradley Z.
Published: January 2007

Purpose

The supply chain literature highlights chains that are activated by actual or forecasted demand, and has largely overlooked those that are activated by the supply source. This paper aims to position supply driven chains as a distinct class and to develop their properties.

Design/methodology/approach

Supply driven examples are given and their structural and behavioral properties are developed. Their properties are compared with those of demand driven chains using Fisher's classification scheme. The paper is conceptual in nature.

Findings

Four properties of supply driven chains are advanced. They show that supply driven chains differ significantly from their demand driven counterparts. As example, supply driven chains are prone to a reverse form of the standard bullwhip effect that is associated with demand driven chains.

Research limitations/implications

Investigating supply driven chains opens several research avenues. Further properties and examples can be developed, along with methods to mitigate the reverse bullwhip effect. Research into synergies and boundary issues between supply and demand driven chains will likely yield operational efficiencies overall.

Practical implications

Differentiating between supply and demand driven phenomena helps practitioners design more efficient supply chains. For example, superimposing a demand driven operational structure on a supply driven phenomenon can be disruptive. Also, an efficiently operated supply driven chain may enhance the operations of related demand driven chains.

Originality/value

This paper highlights and develops supply driven supply chains. It extends supply chain theory and practice by providing additional structural characteristics that can be incorporated into supply chain designs.
The role of transport flexibility in logistics provision
Authors: Naim Mohamed M. , Potter Andrew T. , Mason Robert J. , Bateman Nicola
Published: January 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a framework that rationalises transport flexibility into different types. In this way the role of the flexibility types in delivering specific strategic logistics outcomes can be determined.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors undertake a synthesis of available literature related to flexibility to determine what types of transport flexibility are required and when.

Findings

Twelve definitions and key components of transport flexibility are identified. These signify a proactive approach to the consideration of the subject within the context of a collaborative approach to relationships between carrier, supplier and customer.

Research limitations/implications

This is a conceptual study developing definitions and models for transport flexibility. While these frameworks have been formed within the context of the literature, further research to determine the application of the model will need to be undertaken, to examine the benefits and costs associated with various degrees of flexibility.

Practical implications

While the definitions and models are conceptual, they are important as generic templates by which carriers may develop a logistics strategy, determining their competitive offering and hence defining their flexibility capabilities. They may then determine the degree of collaboration necessary. The results of this paper also inform further empirical research into the area of transport and logistics flexibility.

Originality/value

There is little research that addresses the issue of transport flexibility from a logistics perspective. Thus, there is originality in developing a framework that rationalises transport flexibility into different types. This will provide a foundation by which carriers and shippers may develop collaborative and information technology strategies.