bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Children with a History of Retinopathy of Prematurity and Transscleral Diode Laser Treatment
Authors: Sayman Muslubas Isıl , Karacorlu Murat , Hocaoglu Mumin , Arf Serra , Ozdemir Hakan
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the outcomes of transscleral diode laser photocoagulation in the eyes of children with a history of threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and compare them with the eyes of children with no or subthreshold ROP and normal term infants by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods

Three groups of children aged 4 to 10 years were included as follows: 45 patients with regressed ROP who had not received any treatment (group 1), 48 patients with a history of zone 2 threshold ROP who had been treated with transscleral diode laser (group 2), and 56 age-matched healthy full-term children (group 3). Visual acuity, refractive error, and measurement of retinal and choroidal thickness by SD-OCT were compared between groups retrospectively.

Results

The mean gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW) were 31 weeks and 1,409 grams in group 1, 28.7 weeks and 1,274.5 grams in group 2, and 38.4 weeks and 3,285 grams in group 3, respectively. There were 6 significant differences in the laser group: GA, BW, macular thickness, foveal depression, spherical equivalent, and visual acuity. In contrast, there were no significant differences among any of the choroidal parameters in all of the groups. Neither macular nor choroidal thickness correlated with visual acuity.

Conclusions

Although retinal structural changes were observed in patients with a history of ROP, especially in patients treated with laser, no significant difference was found in choroidal thickness between groups. These structural abnormalities may be related to both severity of ROP and laser treatment.
The Outcome of Patients Requiring Multiple Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: How Many Runs of ECMO is Reasonable?
Authors: Chou Heng-Wen , Chang Te-I , Wang Chih-Hsien , Chou Nai-Kuan , Chi Nai-Hsin , Huang Shu-Chien , Wu l-Hui , Chan Chin-Yang , Ponge Lee-Mei , Wang Ya-Chen , Chen Yih-Sharng
Published: July 2016

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been proven effective in life support for patients with refractory cardiopulmonary failure. Deteriorating patients who have removed their first ECMO support and required second or more courses of ECMO support have rarely been discussed.

Methods and Results

All the records of the patients who experienced at least 2 courses of ECMO during single admission were retrieved. Survival was defined as survival to discharge. Demographic data and clinical information were compared between survival and nonsurvival groups. There were 86 patients who received at least 2 courses of ECMO in the 20-year database, and 27 (31.3%) were <18 years old. Of them, 87.3% received 2 runs of ECMO, 10.4% 3 runs, and 2.3% 4 runs. Overall survival rate was 30.2%. The survival rate for patients with 2 runs of ECMO was 33.3% (25 out of 75), 11.1% (1 out of 9) for 3 runs, and 0% (0 out of 2) for 4 runs. Multivariate analysis revealed that only ARF with hemodialysis was the independent risk factor.

Conclusions

The decision to perform repeated ECMO implantation is a complex and difficult process. Despite the arguments debating the consumption of resources and increased complications, there are still nearly 1 out of 3 patients who will survive to discharge. More than 2 courses of ECMO may be carefully considered for further rescue.
The Need for Hybrid Modeling in Analysis of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Support
Authors: Zielinski Krzysztof , Darowski Marek , Kozarski Maciej , Ferrari Gianfranco
Published: July 2016

The analysis of the efficiency and optimum use of cardiovascular and respiratory support systems is of great importance in research and development as well as in clinical practice. To understand the complex interaction between human cardiovascular or respiratory systems and the mechanical assist devices, a number of physical, computational or hybrid (physical-electrical or physical-computational) models/simulators have been developed and used in recent years. The hybrid models combine the advantages of both the physical models (interaction with assist devices) and of the computational/electrical models (accuracy, flexibility). This paper reviews the existing solutions and briefly describes their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, chiefly emphasizing the features of the hybrid models that are most promising for future development.
In Vitro Evaluation of Fluid Reflux after Flushing Different Types of Needleless Connectors
Authors: Elli Stefano , Abbruzzese Chiara , Cannizzo Luigi , Lucchini Alberto
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To evaluate fluid reflux, when disconnecting syringe, for different needleless connectors.

Materials

Nine connectors were tested; 540 measurements were carried out.

Results

The connectors tested showed very different performances, about reflux, on disconnection of the syringe used for flushing. The calculated reflux volumes are: Max Zero® - BD: 6.90 (±2.47) mm3; MicroClave Clear® - ICU Medical: 6.14 (±1.46) mm3; Bionecteur® - Vygon: 1.24(±0.73) mm3; Neutron® - ICU Medical: 0.12 (±0.15) mm3; SmartSite® Carefusion: 33.51 (±11.50) mm3; Safe Plus® - Cremascoli: 23.54 (±3.56) mm3; NeutraClear® - Cair: 9.36 (±1.87) mm3; NeutroX® - Cair: 0.33 (±0.31) mm3; Dasa® BTC: 2.38 (±1.67) mm3. Differences between investigated devices were statistically significant (p<0.001).

Discussion

It is difficult to establish the best quality-price ratio for needleless connectors. It is important to consider several variable factors: continuous or discontinuous infusion, catheter type, usage environment and caliber of catheter used. It would therefore be useful to have an indication of the intraluminal space potentially affected by blood reflux in relation to a specific device.

Conclusions

Needleless connector is one of the main factors involved in keeping catheter patency. It is important to perform the best choice among the connectors available. An empirical reflux measurement, relative to the needleless connector and the catheter in use, can be obtained using an 18G cannula.
The Association of Mineral Metabolism with Vascular Access Patency
Authors: Rosenberg Joel E. , Astor Brad C. , Deluca Hector F. , Yevzlin Alexander S.
Published: July 2016

Background

Declining kidney function leads to progressively dysregulated mineral homeostasis and contributes to vascular calcification and a pro-inflammatory milieu, both of which play a critical role in loss of dialysis vascular access patency. We designed this study to examine the relationship between markers of bone and mineral metabolism, vitamin D replacement medications, and vascular access outcomes. We hypothesized that higher levels of calcium, phosphorous, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and albumin are independently associated with vascular access patency and that vitamin D supplementation is associated with lower risk of access failure.

Methodology

We abstracted data on 204 consecutive patients referred for angiographic evaluation of their permanent arteriovenous access over a 25-month period. We followed patients from the time of access salvage until subsequent referral for access failure.

Results

The incidence of vascular access failure did not differ by serum phosphorus, PTH, calcium, calcium-phosphorus product or albumin level. Patients receiving any vitamin D replacement therapy, however, had a lower incidence of access failure compared to those receiving no therapy. Those receiving vitamin D3 therapy with or without paricalcitol (Zemplar, Abbot Laboratories, Abbot Park, IL) or calcitriol had an adjusted HR = 0.18 compared to those receiving no vitamin D therapy.

Conclusions

This study suggests a relationship between vitamin D3 usage and better vascular access patency, independent of the effect of vitamin D on PTH. Though this relationship needs more rigorous investigation prior to clinical application, the known differences in the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of various vitamin D metabolites provide a potential mechanism for these clinical observations.
Role of Functional Imaging in Treatment Plan Optimization of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Liver Cancer
Authors: De Bari Berardino , Jumeau Raphael , Deantonio Letizia , Adib Salim , Godin Sarah , Zeverino Michele , Moeckli Raphael , Bourhis Jean , Prior John O. , Ozsahin Mahmut
Published: July 2016

We report the first known instance of the clinical use of 99mTc-mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) for the optimization of radiotherapy treatment planning and for the follow-up of acute toxicity in a patient undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. In our experience, HBS allowed the identification and the sparing of more functioning liver areas, thus potentially reducing the risk of radiation-induced liver toxicity.
The Role of Radiation Therapy in Vulvar Cancer: Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Sciacero Piera , Cante Domenico , Piva Cristina , Casanova Borca Valeria , Petrucci Edoardo , Gastaldi Luca , La Porta Maria Rosa , Franco Pierfrancesco
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this article is to discuss the current role of radiation therapy in vulvar cancer and especially to review the recent literature relative to the use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in disease management. Owing to the low incidence of vulvar cancer, at present there are no available results of cooperative prospective trials. As evidenced in dosimetric and preliminary retrospective clinical studies, the use of IMRT has resulted in superior normal tissue sparing and lower rates of acute and chronic toxicities compared to previous studies that used conventional approaches. Data on long-term outcomes in these patients remain limited.
Current Status of Immunotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Imbimbo Martina , Lo Russo Giuseppe , Blackhall Fiona
Published: July 2016

In the last few years, the introduction of novel immunotherapeutic agents has represented a treatment shift for a subset of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Checkpoint inhibitors have been demonstrated to improve survival in advanced stage disease with very good tolerability. This success follows many years of scientific effort to manipulate the human immune system to attack cancer cells. With a variety of approaches ranging from vaccines to administration of interleukin or interferon-γ, the results in NSCLC were unsuccessful, with the view that it is a scarcely immunogenic cancer, unlike melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. The step change has come from understanding of immune checkpoints—cell surface molecules that regulate immune system activation and mediate coinhibitory signaling pathways that physiologically protect the body from autoimmunity. These pathways play an important role in tumors, including NSCLC, and are a mechanism of escape from immune surveillance. Several monoclonal antibodies have been developed in order to inhibit these molecules and unleash the brakes of the immune system. Currently in NSCLC, 7 different checkpoint inhibitors are under investigation: 2 anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, 2 anti-programmed death (PD)-1, and 3 anti-PD-ligand 1 antibodies. Here we review the progress to date in developing immunotherapy for NSCLC, summarize results from published trials, highlight ongoing trials, and discuss progress in the question of how best to select patients for this treatment.
Drug use in pregnancy among parous Scandinavian women
Authors: Nordeng H. , Jacobsen G. , Nesheim B.-I. , Eskild A.
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of drug use in 1945 parous pregnant Scandinavianwomen, to determine the most common drug categories, and to describe changes in drug use throughoutpregnancy. The women were interviewed about drug use by a specially trained midwife at five different occasionsduring pregnancy: at gestational week 17, 25, 33, 37, and on admission for delivery at three Scandinavianstudy sites (Trondheim, Bergen and Uppsala). When excluding vitamins and iron supplementation, 1086(56%) women reported at least one episode of drug use during pregnancy, with an average of 2.6 episodesamong the women reporting drug use. Four percent of the women accounted for 18% of the episodes of druguse. Systemic anti-infectives (15%), respiratory drugs (12%), gastrointestinal drugs (11%) and analgesics(11%) were the most widely used drugs among all the pregnant women. The number of women using drugsincreased throughout pregnancy. NORSK SAMMENDRAGHensikt med studien var å undersøke forekomsten av legemiddelbruk hos 1945 annen- eller tredjegangs fødendeskandinaviske kvinner, å beskrive hvilke legemiddelgrupper som ble hyppigst brukt, og å beskrive hvordanlegemiddelbruken forandrer seg i løpet av svangerskapet. Kvinnene ble intervjuet av en spesialopplært jordmorved fem tidspunkt under svangerskapet: ved gestasjonsuke 17, 25, 33, 37 og ved innleggelse før fødselenpå tre skandinaviske studiesteder (Trondheim, Bergen and Uppsala). Når jern- og vitamintilskudd ekskluderes,hadde 1086 (56%) av de gravide minst en episode av legemiddelbruk under svangerskapet, med et gjennomsnittpå 2,6 episoder blant kvinnene som rapporterte legemiddelbruk. Fire prosent av de gravide stod for 18%av episodene med legemiddelbruk. Systemiske antiinfektiva (15%), legemidler med virkning på respirasjonssystemet(12%), gastrointestinale legemidler (11%) og analgetika (11%) var de hyppigst brukte legemiddelgruppene.Andel gravide som rapporterte legemiddelbruk økte i løpet av svangerskapet.
Contents
Authors: - -
Published: July 2016

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Introduction
Authors: Nilsen Thomas Sevenius , Ørstavik Ragnhild Elise , Tambs Kristian
Published: July 2016

The guest editors:Thomas Sevenius NilsenRagnhild Elise ØrstavikKristian Tambs
Twin research in Norway with special emphasis on psychiatric studies
Authors: Kringlen Einar
Published: July 2016

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Setting up and utilizing Norwegian twin panels
Authors: Magnus Per , Harris Jennifer R. , Tambs Kristian
Published: July 2016

In the late 1970s, a Norwegian twin panel was set up. It included all like-sexed twin pairs, born in the period1915 to 1960, where both members were alive and had a known address in Norway at the time. The workwas initiated through a grant from the National Institutes of Health in the United States. The aim was to estimatematernal effects to understand the causes of variation in traits and diseases that originate in pregnancy.However, the twin panel was also utilized for estimating genetic and environmental effects on a series ofphenotypes, for instance lipoproteins, receptors, coagulation factors, cognitive abilities, educational attainmentand left-handedness. A short zygosity questionnaire was sent together with the first invitation letter tothe twins. Later questionnaires on general health, lifestyles and pregnancy outcomes were sent out. Oneimportant finding was that the fetal genotype had much stronger influence on variation in fetal growth thanwhat had been assumed previously. In the early 1990s, the New Norwegian Twin Panel was created, basedon information on plural births in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). The panel included bothlike-sexed and opposite-sexed pairs born in the years 1967 to 1974. After linking the MBRN to presentaddresses, using a national identification number, a questionnaire on zygosity, with a few items on healthand social background, was sent out. This panel was later expanded to include twins born 1975-1979 and tocollect more data on health, well-being and lifestyle factors. The data have been utilized for a series of subprojects,including psychiatric interviews and the collection of DNA samples. Linkage to Norwegian healthregistries has provided important research opportunities for a variety of phenotypic outcomes.
The Norwegian Twin Registry
Authors: Nilsen Thomas S. , Brandt Ingunn , Czajkowski Nikolai , Knudsen Gun Peggy , Magnus Per , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Tambs Kristian , Harris Jennifer R. , Ørstavik Ragnhild
Published: July 2016

The Norwegian Twin Registry (NTR) is a large population based twin cohort for research purposes. At present,the registry has 14 692 complete twin pairs with information on zygosity and to varying degree information onsomatic and mental health, lifestyle and demographics. The registry covers birth years 1895-1960 and 1967-1991. NTR was established in 2009, at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, as a merger of three majortwin panels, the oldest originating in the 1960s. Since then Norwegian twin research has been a notablecontributor to twin research internationally. Norwegian twin researchers have published over 250 papers basedon Norwegian twin data, spanning a broad range of somatic and mental health phenotypes. In twin studies ofheritability a data structure with both variance within and between pairs is required. Therefore a large sample isnecessary, especially when studying rare diseases and conditions, and it is of vital importance to expand theregistry. NTR is actively recruiting new twins, both young and older, but declining response rates are achallenge. The value of NTR is greatly enhanced through the linkage possibilities offered by Norway’s manynationwide registries (medical, demographic, and socio-economic). Access to data is permitted by the NTRsteering group and will in most instances need permission from the Regional Ethics Committee.
The Intersection of Agenda-Setting, the Media Environment, and Election Campaign Laws
Authors: Fortunato John A. , Martin Shannon E.
Published: July 2016

Media theory helps the process of understanding the complex political communication environment. Agenda-setting research examines the transfer of topic salience from the media agenda to the public agenda. This process is important to discuss in the policy context of election campaigns. In an election campaign context, agenda-setting has been altered considerably since its early research studies by the technology that allows individuals and organizations to use social media to communicate directly to an audience and by the campaign finance structure created by the Citizens United ruling with money that provides for greater message exposure through advertising serving as an agenda-setter.
Marketing Ethics and Relationship Marketing - An Empirical Study that Measure the Effect of Ethics Practices Application on Maintaining Relationships with Customers
Authors: Alshurideh Muhammad , Al Kurdi B. H. , Vij Anu , Obiedat Zaid , Naser Abdallah
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of ethics embedded practices on maintaining long-term relationships with customers. Based on an extensive literature review, four elements of marketing ethics, namely, honesty, autonomy, privacy and transparency were identified and examined by utilizing a sample of 360 participants. Adopting a quantitative approach, the study conducted on telecommunication sector subscribers revealed that the elements of marketing ethics affected an organization’s ability of maintaining long-term relationships with customers and had a strong influence on feedback, transparency and privacy. The results also showed the crucial role of generating feedback from customers for creating and maintaining long-term relationships. The results will enable marketers to not only analyze the importance of adopting ethical practices in their strategies but also the relative relevance of these practices as perceived by customers.
Territorio, paisaje y herencia industrial: debates y acciones en el contexto europeo
Authors: Benito del Pozo Paz
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo se sitúa en las coordenadas del análisis geográfico de los desafíos que plantea la sociedad postindustrial y ofrece una reflexión acerca del patrimonio industrial como recurso y como oportunidad para los espacios afectados por procesos que generan abandono de fábricas y suelos industriales. Desde la óptica de la experiencia acumulada en España, se revisa la evolución del debate teórico sobre «patrimonio industrial, territorio y cultura» y se analizan las acciones europeas tras dos décadas de intervenciones desiguales. Finalmente, se repasan los nuevos enfoques en la interpretación y el uso de la herencia industrial, enfoques en los que el paisaje sustituye al monumento y el territorio cobra protagonismo; un discurso que pone el énfasis en la memoria de los lugares, así como en el componente subjetivo y emocional del patrimonio industrial.
Parenti, C. (2012). Tropic of Chaos. Climate change and the new geography of violence
Authors: Saurí i Pujol David
Published: July 2016

PARENTI, C. (2012)Tropic of Chaos. Climate change and the new geography of violenceNew York: Nation Book, X+ 295 p.ISBN 978-1-568858-729-5 (paperback)
Condiciones de accesibilidad y movilidad en el polígono industrial del río Ripoll (Sabadell) Un análisis de metodología múltiple
Authors: Miralles Guasch Carme , Martínez Melo Montserrat , Marquet Sardà Oriol
Published: July 2016

El artículo analiza las condiciones de movilidad y de accesibilidad del PAE del río Ripoll de Sabadell. La metodología utilizada ha sido multiestratégica, puesto que se han combinado métodos cuantitativos, cualitativos y de observación directa. Además del contexto territorial y económico de la zona, la movilidad se determina por las características de los desplazamientos y por las percepciones de los trabajadores y las empresas. También se valoran los niveles de accesibilidad según el transporte público, el aparcamiento, la circulación de los vehículos pesados y el acceso en bicicleta y andando.
From the «Resilient City» to Urban Resilience. A review essay on understanding and integrating the resilience perspective for urban systems
Authors: Chelleri Lorenzo
Published: July 2016

Resilience appears to have become a buzz word since the ecological, psychological, social and economic sciences began to use it to refer, respectively, to the capacity of ecosystems, people, societies, the economy, and more recently even urban systems to cope with disturbance. In fact, it is unclear exactly what the catchword «resilient city» means. Based on these assumptions, this article reviews resilience perspectives and their possible application to urban systems. In the first part of the paper, the concept of resilience, its evolution and perspectives (from engineering to social ecology) are analyzed with reference to ecosystems, societies and complex systems. In the second part we try to shed light on this panacea of concepts applied to cities. Important insights of this review are that certain resilience engineering perspectives (such as recovery and persistence views) can lead to unsustainable patterns of development in cities, while from complex systems resilience perspectives the principles of sustainability and transformability emerge as the consequent and necessary trajectory. While the term «resilient cities» often refers only to the capacity to maintain functions and structures, we argue that urban resilience should be framed within the resilience (system persistence), transition (system incremental change) and transformation (system reconfiguration) views.
Muñiz San Martin, Sigrid (2010): Agricultura i natura? Anatomia d’un conflicte. Claus i perspectives de futur del canal Segarra-Garrigues
Authors: Saurí Pujol David
Published: July 2016

Muñiz San Martin, Sigrid (2010)Agricultura i natura?: Anatomia d’un conflicte. Claus i perspectives de futur del canal Segarra-GarriguesSolsona, Barcelona i Lleida: Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya, Societat Catalana d’Ordenació del Territori, Diputació de Lleida i Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs, 250 p.ISBN: 978-84-96908-68-0
Ostergren, Robert C. i Le Bossé, Mathias (2011): The Europeans: A Geography of People, Culture and Environment. Second Edition
Authors: Wilbrand Stephanie
Published: July 2016

Ostergren, Robert C. i Le Bossé, Mathias (2011)The Europeans: A Geography of People, Culture and Environment. Second EditionNova York (EUA): The Gilford Press, X + 432 p.ISBN: 978-1-59385-384-6 (pbk.) – 978-1-60918-140-6 (hbk.)
Gestión del agua e integración de políticas sectoriales. Balance y situación actual en el territorio del Alto Guadiana
Authors: Ruiz Pulpón Ángel Raúl
Published: July 2016

La integración es uno de los principios de mayor relevancia de la Directiva Marco del Agua aprobada en el año 2000. De entre sus distintas formas, la integración de las políticas sectoriales y la coordinación entre las administraciones competentes son objetivos clave para la consecución de una eficiente ordenación de los recursos hídricos en el territorio. El estudio analiza la ausencia de este paradigma durante los últimos veinticinco años en la cuenca alta del río Guadiana, territorio con graves problemas de sobreexplotación de sus acuíferos subterráneos, y describe los últimos intentos de concertación recogidos en el recientemente aprobado Plan Especial del Alto Guadiana.
La idea de espacio público en geografía humana. Hacia una conceptualización (crítica) contemporánea
Authors: Estévez Villarino Brais
Published: July 2016

A raíz de algunos de los procesos urbanos acontecidos en la ciudad contemporánea, el espacio público se ha convertido en un concepto de uso común. Sin embargo, la inflación discursiva suscitada se desarrolló en paralelo a la desestabilización de su conceptualización geográfica. El agotamiento de unas maneras de hacer, heredadas del pensamiento moderno, demasiado encorsetadas en una previsible y aburrida red de oposiciones binarias, dificultaba descubrir y describir nada que no estuviese de alguna manera prescrito. Junto a esto, la aparición de unas epistemologías más creativas y experimentales, instigadas por un inusitado debate ontológico, llevará a considerar que cualquier investigación sobre el espacio público deba abordarse desde la perspectiva de una multiplicidad relacional que niega su condición de realidad dada y cuestiona sus aproximaciones más normativas.
La ecología política de conflictos sobre energía eólica. Un estudio de caso en Cataluña
Authors: Zografos Christos , Saladié Sergi
Published: July 2016

El estudio investiga las razones que explican un conflicto sobre la instalación de parques eólicos en la Terra Alta, una comarca rural de Cataluña. Identificamos tres razones principales. Primero, y de acuerdo con el marco conceptual de ecología política, el conflicto eólico forma parte de un conflicto más generalizado sobre la «macroconcentración» de instalaciones energéticas en el sur de Cataluña que generan energía y beneficios económicos, principalmente para el centro del desarrollo económico catalán. Segundo, el impacto paisajístico de los proyectos eólicos choca con iniciativas locales que impulsan el paisaje como un activo valioso capaz de sustentar la vida en la comarca. Tercero, desequilibrios de poder en el sistema formal de toma de decisiones sobre parques eólicos impiden la inclusión de valores locales como criterios en el proceso de toma de decisiones, y eso también genera conflicto. Para un desarrollo sostenible de energía eólica, la importancia del potencial del viento como criterio principal de localización debe ser reevaluada, y la negociación de la distribución de beneficios debe hacerse de la forma más abierta posible.
Nogué, Joan; Puigbert, Laura i Bretcha, Gemma (eds.) (2008): Paisatge i salut
Authors: Mota Moya Pau
Published: July 2016

Nogué, Joan; Puigbert, Laura i Bretcha, Gemma (eds.) (2008)Paisatge i salutOlot: Observatori del Paisatge.Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament de SalutISBN: 978-84-612-4858-2
Immigració i Estat del Benestar a Espanya
Authors: Ortega Rivera Enrique
Published: July 2016

MORENO, Francisco J. y BRUQUETAS, María (2011)Immigració i Estat del Benestar a EspanyaBarcelona: Col·lecció Estudis Socials, Obra Social “La Caixa”, 197 p.ISBN: 978-84-9900-04
Concentración, segregación y movilidad residencial de los extranjeros en Barcelona
Authors: Bayona i Carrasco Jordi , López Gay Antonio
Published: July 2016

El artículo analiza la dinámica residencial de la población extranjera en la ciudad de Barcelona, considerando tres aspectos que centran su distribución: la concentración en el territorio, la segregación residencial en relación con la población de la ciudad y la movilidad residencial en interrelación con su región metropolitana. Se realiza un análisis temporal que sigue la evolución de estos elementos a lo largo de la década, con el objetivo de aportar una visión de conjunto de los cambios observados. El análisis contempla la utilización de diferentes fuentes estadísticas y detalla el comportamiento de las nacionalidades con más efectivos en Barcelona. Los resultados indican un desplazamiento de las áreas de concentración desde el centro histórico hacia la periferia de la ciudad, un descenso de la segregación vinculado a una mayor dispersión territorial y una fuerte movilidad residencial dentro de la Región Metropolitana que afecta especialmente a los municipios situados en la periferia más próxima a la ciudad.
Migración Internacional en América Latina y el Caribe: nuevas tendencias, nuevos enfoques
Authors: Prieto VIctoria
Published: July 2016

Martínez Pizarro, Jorge (ed.)Migración Internacional en América Latina y el Caribe: nuevas tendencias, nuevos enfoques.Santiago de Chile: Naciones Unidas-CEPAL, 2011, p. 436.
Regularisation of unauthorised immigrants in Italy and Spain: determinants and effects
Authors: Finotelli Claudia , Arango Joaquín
Published: July 2016

In Southern European countries, the regularisations of irregular migrants have very frequently been used as ex post control policy measures. They have often been blamed by a large number of scholars for their incapacity to stop the reproduction of irregular migration systems. Nevertheless, the debate on the effectiveness of regularisation programmes still demonstrates a substantial contradiction between the criticism of regularisations and the lack of empirical evidence in favour of or against the execution of such processes. The aim of the present article is to analyze the effects of regularisations in Italy and Spain as the two countries that have regularised the largest number of migrants in Europe. The final goal of the article is not only to assess the efficiency of regularisations but also to discuss the future of such measures in the Mediterranean migration regimes.
Stillwell, John y Van Ham, Maarten (eds.) (2010): Ethnicity and Integration: Understanding Population Trends and Processes
Authors: Prieto Rosas Victoria
Published: July 2016

Stillwell, John y Van Ham, Maarten (eds.) (2010)Ethnicity and Integration: Understanding Population Trends and ProcessesVolumen 3Londres: Springer, 320 p.ISBN: 978-90-481-9102-4
Política de usos del agua en los campos de golf en España
Authors: Espejo Marín Cayetano , Cànoves Valiente Gemma
Published: July 2016

En este artículo, se exponen las medidas que se adoptan en el diseño del sistema de riego y drenaje en campos de golf, los criterios para la mejora en los consumos de agua, los usos del agua para golf en las políticas autonómicas, las ventajas del agua reutilizada y ejemplos de su uso. También se analizan las actuaciones referentes al consumo de agua recogidas en el Protocolo Q-Plus de Campos de Golf, concebido como una marca de garantía basada en un proceso de certificación objetiva e independiente.
Llibre Blanc de l’Eurodistricte Català Transfronterer: creació de projecte i reestructuració territorial
Authors: Castañer Margarida , Feliu Jaume , Gutiérrez Obdúlia
Published: July 2016

En aquest article, s’hi presenta el procés d’elaboració, la metodologia, les reflexions i les con­clusions del Llibre Blanc de l’Eurodistricte Català Transfronterer elaborat per la Mission Opérationnelle Transfrontalière (MOT) i la Universitat de Girona (UdG). L’estudi té per objectiu acompanyar la definició i l’emergència d’un projecte de territori transfronte­rer basat en la realitat d’un àmbit territorial compartit entre el departament dels Pirineus Orientals i les comarques de la província de Girona. El contingut del Llibre Blanc es divideix en tres parts: un diagnòstic transfronterer complet, l’anàlisi dels reptes d’aquest territori i les opcions de governança del territori transfronterer. Després de descriure el context territorial, la metodologia i les conclusions de l’estudi, s’hi fa un breu repàs de quin és l’estat del procés en l’actualitat.
Michael, Thomas (coord.) (2010): Diercke International Atlas
Authors: Soriano Joan Manuel
Published: July 2016

Michael, Thomas (coord.) (2010)Diercke International AtlasBrunswick (Alemanya): Westermann, 227 p.ISBN: 978-3-14-100790-9
Molina Holgado, Pedro; Sanz Herráiz, Concepción; Mata Olmo, Rafael (2010): Los paisajes del Tajo
Authors: Ribas Palom Anna
Published: July 2016

Molina Holgado, Pedro; Sanz Herráiz, Concepción; Mata Olmo, Rafael (2010)Los paisajes del TajoMadrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Secretaría General Técnica, 358 p.ISBN: 978-84-491-1028-3
Accés als recursos en els sistemes agroforestals de l’Àfrica occidental des d’una perspectiva de gènere
Authors: Salgado Ybern Beatriz
Published: July 2016

L’article pretén estudiar, a partir de la recerca feta a la literatura publicada, de quina manera les poblacions rurals de l’Àfrica occidental gestionen i aprofiten els recursos dels ecosistemes on viuen. Tenint en compte la vulnerabilitat d’aquests sistemes de vida, l’accessibilitat i la titularitat sobre la terra, la vegetació, l’aigua i els cultius condicionen com es fa front als canvis que s’hi produeixen. En entorns on els ecosistemes estan fortament degradats, la mirada sobre les relacions que homes i dones estableixen amb el propi espai agrícola i forestal permet entendre mecanismes de resiliència de sistemes de vida i com enfocar possibles solucions a la desigualtat social i a la degradació ambiental. La dinàmica agrícola actual de compravenda de terres a escala mundial és una forta amenaça per a aquests sistemes de vida i posa de manifest la necessitat de modificar profundament les polítiques agrícoles per afrontar els reptes alimentaris i ambientals presents.
La invención de las provincias
Authors: Alegre Nadal Pau
Published: July 2016

BURGUEÑO, JesúsLa invención de las provinciasMadrid: Catarata, 2011 (Serie Estudios Socioculturales, 355), 221 p.ISBN 978-84-8319-576-5.
El lugar de la diferencia en Chile: circo y transformismo. El caso del Circo Timoteo
Authors: Capellà Miternique Hugo
Published: July 2016

El modelo social chileno ha cedido tradicionalmente poco lugar formal a las diferencias. No obstante, encontramos, en ciertos espacios marginales, instancias en las cuales han podido prosperar curiosos rincones de libertad y de tolerancia. El objetivo del presente artículo es comprender cómo el rol marginal del circo fue clave para la popularización del transformismo. El caso del Circo Timoteo representa el resultado de un sincretismo cultural, de herencia europea y mesoamericana, en torno al humor y a los roles sexuales, que nos adentra a una aproximación mucho más compleja que una simple realidad social formal unívoca. La figura del género cruzado adopta, en el circo chileno, un espacio propio respecto a la ambigüedad de los roles sexuales y sociales desde un sincretismo cultural criollo. La diferencia adquiere su espacio desde el margen de la ambigüedad formal. En primer lugar, nos adentraremos en entender teóricamente el ambiguo rol del transformista en el circo criollo chileno, desde su estigmatización hasta su empoderamiento desde la burla. En segundo lugar, nos centraremos en el análisis histórico y etnográfico del caso del Circo Timoteo, en la ambivalencia de ser considerado tanto como elemento genuino del circo criollo chileno, como enfermedad de trascendencia social. En tercer y último lugar, nos detendremos en el análisis lingüístico de los discursos de los transformistas del Circo Timoteo, para demostrar su ambivalencia compleja, como espacio de la diferencia a la criolla.
Urban planning and the everyday experience of Palestinian women in Jaffa
Authors: Hamdam Saliba Hanna
Published: July 2016

This article aims to examine how planning policies and practices affect the everyday spatial practice of Palestinian women living in Jaffa. To do this, in-depth interviews were conducted with Palestinian women living in Jaffa, and afterwards, “thematic analysis” method was used to analyze the narratives. The main finding of this study is that the ignoring, neglecting and discriminatory planning of the local and national institutions, has produced un-appropriate and un-safe spaces for Palestinian women, and which in turn lead to limits and reduce their everyday spatial practices and to exclude them to a limited social, cultural, economical and geographical spaces. At the same time, these discriminated and ignoring policies lead Palestinian women to create alternative-Palestinian space, which despite it limited and narrow, they can expand their spatial mobility, feel comfortable and re-define their identity.
Development and Validation of the Expectations of Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale
Authors: Naraghi Mohsen , Atari Mohammad
Published: July 2016

Background There is a growing concern in the field of aesthetic surgery about the need to measure patients' expectations preoperatively. The present study was designed to develop and validate the Expectations of Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale (EARS), and to compare expectations between rhinoplasty patients with and without body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).

Methods In total, 162 college students and 20 rhinoplasty candidates were recruited. The measures included the newly developed EARS, a measure of psychopathology, and demographics. The DSM-IV structured clinical interview for BDD was used to confirm the diagnosis in rhinoplasty patients.

Results The EARS was constructed of six items based on their significant content validity. In the scale development phase, Cronbach's alpha was 0.87. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the scale was satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.98) over a four-week period. Scores on the EARS were significantly positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms (r=0.16; P<0.05). Moreover, comparison of EARS scores between BDD (M=25.90, standard deviation [SD=6.91) and non-BDD rhinoplastic patients (M=15.70, SD=5.27) suggested that BDD patients held significantly higher expectations (P<0.01).

Conclusions The expectations of aesthetic rhinoplasty patients toward surgery may play a crucial role in their postoperative satisfaction. While the value of patients' expectations is clinically recognized, no empirical study has measured these expectations in a psychometrically sound manner. The current study developed and validated the EARS. It may be easily used as a valid and reliable instrument in clinical and research settings.
A Novel Approach to Submandibular Gland Ptosis: Creation of a Platysma Muscle and Hyoid Bone Cradle
Authors: Lukavsky Robert , Linkov Gary , Fundakowski Christopher
Published: July 2016

Submandibular gland ptosis is a common impediment to obtaining superior surgical aesthetic results in neck lift surgery. Techniques for suspending the submandibular gland have been proposed, but these procedures have the drawbacks of disturbing the floor of the mouth mucosa and periosteum. We present an approach of submandibular gland suspension for the treatment of gland ptosis by employing a platysma and hyoid bone fascia cradle. Our technique was performed on cadaveric models. The platysma muscle and hyoid bone cradle for submandibular gland ptosis was created on the left side of the neck in two cadavers. A submental incision with sharp dissection was performed to raise a supraplatysmal flap. A subplatysmal plane was developed until the submandibular gland was identified. Sutures were used to pexy the platysma to the hyoid bone periosteum and deep cervical fascia, tightening the overlying muscle and in turn elevating the submandibular gland. Submandibular gland ptosis must be corrected in order to achieve exemplary aesthetic results. Our approach of creating a cradle with the platysma and hyoid bone avoids the potential complications of previously described sling procedures, while still maintaining the integrity of the gland and surrounding tissues.
A century of trends in adult human height
Authors:   NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Published: July 2016

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3–19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8–144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
Mesencephalic representations of recent experience influence decision making
Authors: Thompson John A , Costabile Jamie D , Felsen Gidon
Published: July 2016

Decisions are influenced by recent experience, but the neural basis for this phenomenon is not well understood. Here, we address this question in the context of action selection. We focused on activity in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), a mesencephalic region that provides input to several nuclei in the action selection network, in well-trained mice selecting actions based on sensory cues and recent trial history. We found that, at the time of action selection, the activity of many PPTg neurons reflected the action on the previous trial and its outcome, and the strength of this activity predicted the upcoming choice. Further, inactivating the PPTg predictably decreased the influence of recent experience on action selection. These findings suggest that PPTg input to downstream motor regions, where it can be integrated with other relevant information, provides a simple mechanism for incorporating recent experience into the computations underlying action selection.
Efficacy of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Management of Postpartum Pain
Authors: Hastings Victoria , McCallister Adrienne Marie , Curtis Sarah A. , Valant Roseanna J. , Yao Sheldon
Published: July 2016

Context: Pain is one of the most common postpartum complaints by women in the United States, and the pain varies in its location. Research on intervention strategies for postpartum pain has focused primarily on the lower back, but pain management for other types of postpartum pain remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on postpartum pain; the location, quality, and timing of pain; and the difference in pain between vaginal and cesarean delivery.

Methods: Postpartum patients who reported having pain were recruited at St Barnabas Hospital in Bronx, New York. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was administered along with a screening questionnaire. Second- or third-year residents in neuromusculoskeletal medicine and osteopathic manipulative medicine examined patients and then diagnosed and managed somatic dysfunction with OMT for approximately 25 minutes. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was again administered after OMT. Paired t tests and McNemar tests were used to analyze changes before and after OMT for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Differences in visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores between patients who had vaginal vs cesarean delivery were tested using analysis of variance, and group differences in pain location were tested using a Pearson χ2 test.

Results: A total of 59 patients were included in the study. The mean VAS score for pain was 5.0 before OMT and 2.9 after OMT (P<.001). The VAS scores before OMT significantly differed between patients who had a vaginal delivery and those who had a cesarean delivery (P<.001), but the mean decrease in VAS score was similar in both groups. Decreases in low back pain (34 [57.6%] before and 16 [27.1%] after OMT), abdominal pain (32 [54.2%] before and 22 [37.3%] after OMT), and vaginal pain (11 [18.6%] before and 5 [8.5%] after OMT) were reported after OMT (P<.05).

Conclusion: Preliminary results demonstrate that OMT is efficacious for postpartum pain management. The lack of a control group precludes the ability to make causal claims. Future studies are needed to solidify OMT efficacy and generalizability.
Self-Reported Minimalist Running Injury Incidence and Severity: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ostermann Katrina , Ridpath Lance , Hanna Jandy B.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Minimalist running entails using shoes with a flexible thin sole and is popular in the United States. Existing literature disagrees over whether minimalist running shoes (MRS) improve perceived severity of injuries associated with running in traditional running shoes (TRS). Additionally, the perceived injury patterns associated with MRS are relatively unknown.

Objectives: To examine whether injury incidence and severity (ie, degree of pain) by body region change after switching to MRS, and to determine if transition times affect injury incidences or severity with MRS.

Methods: Runners who were either current or previous users of MRS were recruited to complete an Internet-based survey regarding self-reported injury before switching to MRS and whether self-reported pain from that injury decreased after switching. Questions regarding whether new injuries developed in respondents after switching to MRS were also included. Analyses were calculated using t tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Fischer exact tests.

Results: Forty-seven runners completed the survey, and 16 respondents reported injuries before switching to MRS. Among these respondents, pain resulting from injuries of the feet (P=.03) and knees (P=.01) decreased. Eighteen respondents (38.3%) indicated they sustained new injuries after switching to MRS, but the severity of these did not differ significantly from no injury. Neither time allowed for transition to MRS nor use or disuse of a stretching routine during this period was correlated with an increase in the incidence or severity of injuries.

Conclusion: After switching to MRS, respondents perceived an improvement in foot and knee injuries. Additionally, respondents using MRS reported an injury rate of 38.3%, compared with the approximately 64% that the literature reports among TRS users. Future studies should be expanded to determine the full extent of the differences in injury patterns between MRS and TRS.
Ophthalmic Diseases in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Skorin Leonid , Knutson Rachel
Published: July 2016

Symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 2% of women and 4% of men, but the prevalence of asymptomatic OSA is significantly higher. Several ophthalmic conditions are associated with OSA, including floppy eyelid syndrome, glaucoma, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, papilledema, keratoconus, and central serous chorioretinopathy. The purpose of this review is to provide primary care physicians with a general knowledge of the signs, symptoms, and management of the ophthalmic diseases associated with OSA.