bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of QFD for the Design of a Maintenance Service Support System
Authors: Kosicka Ewelina , Gola Arkadiusz
Published: January 2019

The development of machinery performance monitoring systems along with the prospect of intelligent factories developed under the concept of industrial revolution 4.0 affect dynamic changes in the field of maintenance. Therefore, based on an overview of the literature and observations of production enterprises, we propose a model of maintenance service support system with respect to failure prediction and decision making in the area of maintenance works. In the designing stage the QFD method was employed with a view to testing its usefulness for the process.
Computer modelling of the effect of embodied energy on energetic effectiveness of biodiesel production
Authors: Orynycz Olga , Wasiak Andrzej
Published: January 2019

The effect of embodied energy on energetic effectiveness of biodiesel production is studied. Embodied energy, i.e. energy consumed for production of a technical device, is gradually consumed during the life time of that device. The amount of embodied energy consumed during individual agricultural operation affects the energetic effectiveness of that operation, as well as that for the whole production process. The embodied energy in agriculture is associated with the use of machinery , transportation means, fertilizes, etc. The paper estimates the effect of embodied energy in the rapeseed biodiesel production basing on computer modelling.
Natural plant stems modelling in a three-point bending test
Authors: Kawecki Bartosz , Podgórski Jerzy , Głowacka Aleksandra
Published: January 2019

The paper presents an approach to natural plant stems numerical modelling in a three-point bending test. Introduced subject was connected with elaborating more efficient systems for harvesting energetic plants. There were modelled, and laboratory tested two types of stems – sida hermaphrodita and miscanthus giganteus. Course of proceedings for obtaining natural cross-sectional dimensions with graphical data processing was described in detail. Basing on dozens of stems slices from random parts of plants, three different cross-section approximations were proposed and computationally implemented – a circular pipe, an elliptical pipe (symmetrical cross-section) and a sine-cosine series pipe (asymmetrical cross-section). Analytical formulas for calculating a cross-sectional area and moments of inertia for each approximation were given. Basic material parameters as an elastic modulus and yielding stress was obtained from simply supported beam theory and laboratory force – the deflexion relation. FEM models were created in Simulia Abaqus software using C3D20R elements. Preliminary approach to modelling damage with perfect plasticity was done basing on several samples bended to failure in laboratory tests. Conclusions for future work with numerical modelling natural plant stems were drawn.
Stiffening material impact on the work of thin-walled element
Authors: Falkowicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2019

The subject of research is a numerical analysis of a thin-walled plate with a cut-out and stiffening, made of laminate and subjected to axial compression. The plate was made of a carbon-epoxy composite - a laminate consisting of eight symmetrically oriented plies. The scope of the research included a linear and nonlinear numerical analysis using Finite Element Method (FEM). The main objective of the study was to investigate behaviour of the considered plate made of various stiffening materials, under quasi-static compression to achieve Tsai-Wu criterion. The numerical analysis was conducted with the Abaqus, commercial FEM software package.
Structure and tribological properties of DLC:Si/AlCrN low friction thin film
Authors: Paradecka Agnieszka , Lukaszkowicz Krzysztof , Pawlyta Mirosława
Published: January 2019

A wide range of diamond-like carbon coatings is caused by their structure composed of sp2and sp3carbon hybridisation and the possibility of both metallic and non-metallic admixtures or the creation of a hydrogenated form. One of the ways to improve the tribological properties of DLC is to dope it with silicon. Deposited on stainless steel substrate coating system composed of AlCrN film covered by DLC:Si was the subject of the studies. The AlCrN and DLC:Si layers were deposited by PVD lateral rotating ARC-cathodes and PACVD on the X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 steel respectively. Characteristics of DLC:Si film was performed by imaging the topography using SEM and AFM. The structure was investigated using a Raman spectroscopy and HRTEM. Tribological and adhesion tests were carried out using a ball-on-disc and a scratch test respectively. Tests using the TEM confirmed an amorphous character of DLC:Si layer. A phase composition analysis of the DLC:Si layer with the Raman spectroscopy method showed the presence of bonds distinctive for diamond (sp3) and graphite (sp2), typically observed in DLC coatings. Under the technically dry friction conditions, the friction coefficient for the associations tested is within the range 0.14 for the investigated coating.
Analysis of loading history influence on fatigue and fracture surface parameters using the method of induction trees
Authors: Deptuła Adam , Macek Wojciech , Partyka Marian A.
Published: January 2019

In fatigue life testing under various loading conditions, researchers observe the profile, surface and morphology of materials. In this study authors research the fatigue life of material and the surface fracture geometry. Areal field and fractal based characterisation are evaluated for the whole fracture surfaces. Results of this test were correlated to notch geometry and loading conditions. It was confirmed, for notched specimens, that the change from torsion to proportional bending with torsion fatigue life increase significantly, the same as changing loading from bending with torsion to bending. The measurement device was equipped with a motorised nosepiece using five dedicated microscopic objective lenses from 2.5× to 100× magnification. This paper presents the application of the induction tree method for analysis of loading history influence on fatigue and fracture surface parameters. In a decision tree, nodes store tests checking values of example attributes and leaves store categories assigned to them. For each of possible test results, there is one branch coming from a node to a subtree. In this way, it is possible to represent any attributes of the hypothesis admissible for a given set. Analysis of selected parameters will estimate their impact on the surface structure.
Studies of behaviour of the automatic control system of roadheader cutting heads movement
Authors: Cheluszka Piotr , Sobota Piotr , Głuszek Grzegorz
Published: January 2019

Boom–type roadheaders are basic machines used in underground mines for drilling roadways, in tunnelling and also for making underground buildings using trenchless methods. The article presents selected results of tests carried out in a semi–industrial scale, on a roadheader R–130, concerning behaviour of an innovative solution of system for automatic control of boom–type roadheader cutting heads’ movements. This important innovation, not known before in mining cutting machines, is the software control of cutting heads angular speed using a frequency converter. The text shows an impact of key values, from a perspective of an assumed control purpose, of programming device (setting system) parameters, achieving reference values for the actuators, on controlled facility behaviour when cutting a layered cement and sand block. The performance of the automatic control system without and with feedback to the setting system concerning an actual speed of cutting heads movement, which is important from the control system hardware perspective, was compared.
Potential ecological risk assessment and prediction of heavy-metal pollution of soil surrounding the drilling waste deposition site
Authors: Kujawska Justyna , Cel Wojciech
Published: January 2019

Owing to their toxicity, heavy metals constitute a serious threat to the environment. In the pages that follow, we will report the results of evaluation of the potential ecological risk and trend of soil heavy metal pollution surrounding the drilling waste deposition site in western Poland. The concentrations of heavy metals: Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The procedure used for potential ecological risk assessment was as proposed by Hakanson (1980). The calculated potential ecological risk factors come in the following order EiR(Cd)>EiR(Pb)>EiR(Cu)>EiR(Cr), which shows that Cd is the most important factor leading to risk. The uniform model was employed to determine the time in which Cd concentration will exceed the permissible concentration level, as regulated by Polish Law. The Pearson correlation coefficient was employed along with the correspondence analysis in order to determine the relationships between heavy metal concentrations.
The Research on Shear Properties of Deformable Ground Soil under High-speed Driving Conditions
Authors: Lyu Wei-wei , Li Zhong-xin , Lou Peng
Published: January 2019

The classical ground soil shear mechanics model is difficult to predict the maneuverability of vehicles under high-speed driving conditions. The shear mechanical properties of soil under dynamic loading are the key factor to research on the ground attachment characteristics of vehicles under high-speed driving conditions. The relationship between the shear properties of the ground soil and the loading rate was analyzed by numerical simulation method. Based on the Janosi shear model of the ground soil, the loading rate and shear rate were supplemented to establish the applicable driving conditions for high-speed and heavy-duty vehicles. The ground soil shearing characteristics model provides a theoretical basis for researching on the vehicle's driving maneuverability under high-speed driving conditions.
Volume Deformation Characteristics of Concrete Mixture during Thermal Curing Process
Authors: Xiang Y , Xie Y , Long G , Li L
Published: January 2019

Expansion deformation of concrete mixture during steam curing process was a kind of unrecoverable volume expansion which would definitely affect the performance of concrete component. Because there were a few researches on expansion deformation of concrete mixture during thermal curing process, a new test method composed of constant temperature water bath, eddy current measurement sensor and data processing program was developed to measure the expansion deformation. The volume deformation characteristics of a typical concrete used for preparing track slab of China high-speed railway were investigated. Test results indicated that volume deformation of concrete mixture could be divided into 2 stages. One was rapid expansion at heating stage and another one was slow shrinkage at constant temperature stage. Besides, the addition of combination of flying ash, slag, nano-silica and nano-calcium carbonate was benefit for controlling the eventual expansion deformation during the whole thermal curing process. Study could be an important reference for heightening quality of steam-cured concrete.
Additive Manufacturing in Vascular Stent Fabrication
Authors: Yang Lei , Chen Xin , Zhang Lei , Li Lei , Kang Shuangzhu , Wang Chengjin , Sun Wei
Published: January 2019

High-efficiency formation of personalized stent by additive manufacturing (3D printing) has gained deal of attention and research in interventional and personalized medicine. In this article, the structural characteristics of vascular scaffolds and the application and innovation of additive manufacturing technology in the process of angioplasty are reviewed. In the future, with the continuous maturity of additive manufacturing technology, it is expected to be an important part of interventional precision medicine to manufacture personalized vascular stent.
The Influence of Long-term Ageing on the Microstructure of Sanicro 25 Steel
Authors: Sroka Marek , Zieliński Adam , Golański Grzegorz , Kremzer Marek
Published: January 2019

Sanicro 25 (22Cr25NiWCoCu) is a newly developed austenitic stainless steel used in the boiler pressure superheaters and reheaters with ultra-supercritical high-efficient parameters. The paper presents the results of microstructure testing and secondary phase separation processes after 20,000 h ageing at 700 and 750 °C. In the initial stage of ageing, the precipitation of numerous very small M23C6 chromium carbides and Laves phase were observed. The long-term ageing related to temperature revealed the existence of secondary phases: M23C6, MX, NbCrN, Laves phase and σ phase. The test results presented in the paper are part of the developed material characteristics to be used for predicting the service life of the material of components operated under creep conditions.
Modelling of viscosity of fluorine-free mold fluxes using neural network
Authors: Yuan Xiaoli , Wang Lin , Zhang Jianqiang , Ostrovski Oleg , Zhang Chen , Cai Dexiang
Published: January 2019

Viscosity is an important property of mold fluxes for steel continuous casting. However, direct measurement of viscosity of multi-component systems in a broad range of temperatures and compositions is an onerous work and has some limitations. This paper developed a model using the back propagation (BP) neural network to describe the viscosity of fluorine-free mold fluxes. The BP neural network model was developed and validated using 70 experimental values of viscosity of fluorine-free mold fluxes CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-Na2O-TiO2-MgO-Li2O-MnO-ZrO2; 51 of them were used for developing the neural network model and the rest 19 viscosity data for the model validation. Calculated viscosities were in a good agreement with the experimental data. Based on the developed model, the effects of temperature and composition on the viscosity of fluorine-free fluxes were predicted and discussed.
A Mental Examination---Using Personality to predict Happiness, Altruism and Health
Authors: Chen Minyan
Published: January 2019

According to professor Jokela, psychologists can know the social functioning of a person only by assessing their Personality traits. However, empirical studies have been focused on building linear regressions between only one facet of personality and Life Satisfaction, Altruism and Health accordingly; also, the accuracy of the prediction remained debatable. In practice, scales online help researchers to get data measurements of participants’ information needed in the study. Gradient descent works by building the optimized multiple linear regression to model the relationship of a lot of inputs and a single output; python programs enable researchers to test the accuracy of the predicted output of the regressions. The data was from a preparing study by another group of graduated students from Cambridge University, and it contained information of 1769 participants. By splitting the sample into testing sample (33%) and training sample (67%), three multiple linear regressions were built to model the relationship between 120 Personality items and an average Life Satisfaction score, Altruism score and Health score using the training sample; then, the accuracy of the models was tested using the testing sample. According to the small p-values of correlation between the y-reported and y-predicted for all the three predictions, the probability of getting extreme values was very small, which ensured the reliability of these prediction. According to Cohen’s conventions about effect size of correlation in Psychology and another authorized peer research, the Pearson-correlation value of Personality & Life Satisfaction regression shows a very high accuracy of using Personality to predict Life Satisfaction; also, the correlation values for Personality & Altruism and Personality & Health are also above moderate, which indicate nice and acceptable predictability for two regressions.
Investigation on the Feasibility of Establishing an Anti-fraud Platform in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Liu Xiyu , Li Zhichen
Published: January 2019

The model of anti-fraud platform in colleges and universities highlights the crucial role of the combination of colleges and universities with large data in combating fraud. It aims to solve various problems such as the lack of legal provision in small-sum fraud, and forms a radiation circle of anti-fraud centred on colleges and universities. By analysing existing research achievements and challenges of anti-fraud platform in colleges and universities, this paper makes an in-depth discussion on the mode of anti-fraud platform in colleges and universities.
Research on the Psychological Integration Education Construction of the Course on the Thematic Study of Marxist Legal Thought
Authors: Shiyong Song , Meng Fu
Published: January 2019

In the development of teaching in our country, the establishment and development of the Marxist legal thought course is of great significance. This course guides students to learn legal thought from the historical dimension of Marxist theory.The aim of the course is to let students deepen their understanding of the rule of law in China in the new era from the perspective of historical development and from their psychological. However, due to the limitations of the teaching staff and teaching methods, there are still some problems in the construction and development of the course. Based on this, this paper deeply analyzes the problems existing in the course construction process and proposes practical solutions, In particular, this paper analyzes relevant safeguard measures from the perspective of the teacher and the audience students' psychological integration education and teaching, which are for reference only.
Research on the Cultivation of College Students’ Positive
Psychological Quality——Research on the Adaptation Strategies
of Freshmen
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhao LiJun , Liu JinYang
Published: January 2019

Colleges and universities welcome new students every September. After the intense study in high school, the new university life will make the new students feel excited and embarrassed. They are about to face and meet new life, new ways of learning, new classmates and teachers, and so on. Since the new things and environment are very different from those for the new students before they entered the school, we need to pay attention to their psychological changes and promptly channel their psychological problems, otherwise it will cause a lot of psychological discomfort, and maybe it will have some negative impact on the development of various aspects of the follow-up of the new students. It can be seen that it is especially important to grasp the psychological characteristics of students who have just entered the school and to help them develop positive psychological quality, because it not only lays a solid foundation for the
mental health education work of colleges and universities, but also promotes the all-round development of students.
Implementation and validation of the GEANT4/AtRIS code to model the radiation environment at Mars
Authors: Guo Jingnan , Banjac Saša , Röstel Lennart , Terasa Jan C. , Herbst Konstantin , Heber Bernd , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F.
Published: January 2019

A new GEANT4 particle transport model – the Atmospheric Radiation Interaction Simulator (AtRIS, Banjac et al. 2018.J Geophys Res Space Phys123.https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026042) – has been recently developed in order to model the interaction of radiation with planets. The upcoming instrumentational advancements in the exoplanetary science, in particular transit spectroscopy capabilities of missions like JWST and E-ELT, have motivated the development of a particle transport code with a focus on providing the necessary flexibility in planet specification (atmosphere and soil geometry and composition, tidal locking, oceans, clouds, etc.) for the modeling of radiation environment for exoplanets. Since there are no factors limiting the applicability of AtRIS to Mars and Venus, AtRIS’ unique flexibility opens possibilities for new studies.

Following the successful validation against Earth measurements (Banjac et al. 2018.J Geophys Res Space Phys123.https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026042), this work applies AtRIS with a specific implementation of the Martian atmospheric and regolith structure to model the radiation environment at Mars. We benchmark these first modeling results based on different GEANT4 physics lists with the energetic particle spectra recently measured by the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the surface of Mars. The good agreement between AtRIS and the actual measurement provides one of the first and sound validations of AtRIS and the preferred physics list which could be recommended for predicting the radiation field of other conceivable (exo)planets with an atmospheric environment similar to Mars.
Revising the eclipse prediction scheme in the Antikythera mechanism
Authors: Freeth Tony
Published: January 2019

In 1901, an extraordinary ancient Greek artefact was discovered in a shipwreck just off the tiny island of Antikythera. It was later shown to be a complex astronomical calculating machine and is now known as the Antikythera Mechanism. In 2005, it was established that it predicted eclipses, using a 7th century BC Babylonian eclipse cycle of 223 lunar months, known as the Saros Cycle. Understanding the complex eclipse prediction scheme on the Antikythera Mechanism has resulted from a fascinating series of discoveries. The eclipse prediction scheme is implemented through descriptive glyphs, inscribed round a 223-month Saros Dial at the rear of the Mechanism: a glyph in a particular month indicates a predicted eclipse. A 2008 publication deciphered the meaning of the glyphs: they indicate whether the predicted eclipse is lunar or solar; the possible visibility of the eclipse; and its time of day. The glyphs also include an alphabetical Index Letter, referring to inscriptions round the Saros Dial, which describe eclipse characteristics. In that publication, the full eclipse prediction scheme was not understood but subsequent work in 2014 made substantial progress. The eclipse characteristics, such as the colour and magnitude of the eclipse, are listed together in the inscriptions, together with a group of Index Letters for the eclipses to which they apply. The deeply puzzling grouping and ordering of these Index Letter Groups was solved with a simple mathematical model, which both explained these groups and the distribution of the glyphs round the Saros Dial—revealing an eclipse prediction scheme of extraordinary sophistication and ambition. Later work in 2016 proposed a radical revision of this eclipse prediction scheme, though it did not challenge the mathematical basis of the scheme. The 2016 scheme implied a completely different picture of the whole of the back plate of the Antikythera Mechanism, destroying its essential mathematical symmetry. This revision is comprehensively refuted here, except for the identification of a new text character in one of the Index Letter Groups, which implies an interesting revision of the 2014 scheme but which preserves the elegant 2014 reconstruction of the back plate of the Antikythera Mechanism.
Generation of terahertz radiation from the island films of topological insulator Bi2-xSbxTe3-ySey
Authors: Kuznetsov K. A. , Kitaeva G. Kh. , Kuznetsov P. I. , Yakushcheva G. G.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the research was the studying of the topological insulators Bi2-xSbxTe3-ySey thin films with the different thickness and chemical composition. The obtained time dependences of terahertz radiation have indicated that the generation of THz waves was more efficient in the island film having a total thickness of about tens nanometers with the composition close to the Ren’s curve, where the volume contribution to the conductivity was suppressed. We have demonstrated an amplification of the THz radiation power by applying an external electric field to a topological insulator. This effect can be useful for fabricating photoconductive THz antennas based on topological insulators.
High-efficiency V-shaped phase gratings to suppress high order diffractions
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Pu Tanchao , Niu Jiebin , Shi Lina , Xie Changqing
Published: January 2019

We propose a V-shaped phase grating to simultaneously improve the diffraction efficiency of the 1st order diffraction mode and suppression of high order modes. An analytic description is given that indicates the 0th, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th order diffractions can be completely suppressed while the 1st order absolute diffraction efficiency can reach a theoretical maximum of 27.72%, which is much higher than that reported from single order gratings, such as sinusoidal amplitude transmission gratings. The dependencies of the 1st order diffraction efficiency on the wavelength and depth deviations are also discussed. The experimental results show that the absolute efficiency of the 1st order diffraction is 25.85% while the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th order diffractions disappear completely, confirming the theoretical predictions. The diffraction patterns of a xenon lamp demonstrate the suppression of the high order diffractions from our quartz phase grating. The unique dispersive properties of the V-shaped phase grating make it attractive for broad spectroscopy and high-accuracy monochromatization applications.
Switchable Josephson junction based on interfacial exchange field
Authors: Cascales Juan Pedro , Takamura Yota , Stephen Gregory M. , Heiman Don , Bergeret F. Sebastian , Moodera Jagadeesh S.
Published: January 2019

We demonstrate exchange field switchable Josephson junctions where the Josephson tunneling between two superconducting layers (Nb and NbN) could be controlled by the relative magnetic alignment of two GdN ferromagnetic insulator layers sandwiching the Nb layer. The junction's working principle is based on the control of the superconducting state of one of the layers by means of the interfacial exchange field of the magnetic GdN layers. At zero field and low temperatures, the ground state of the junctions corresponds to an antiferromagnetic configuration of the two GdN layers that coexist with the superconducting state of the Nb layer. By applying an external field, the GdN layers are switched to a parallel configuration, thereby suppressing the superconductivity in Nb and hence the Josephson current via interfacial exchange. This switchable Josephson junction may be useful for integrated superconducting spintronics and quantum circuits.
A comparative study of the effects of liquid lithium and tin as DEMO divertor targets on the heat loads and SOL properties
Authors: Pericoli Ridolfini V. , Ambrosino R. , Mastrostefano S. , Chmielewski P. , Poradziński M. , Zagórski R.
Published: January 2019

The behaviour of the scrape-off plasma of the European tokamak DEMO (DEMOnstration tokamak of the economical feasibility of the fusion power) is analysed by means of the 2D edge code TECXY when either lithium or tin are used as liquid target materials in the single null configuration. The targets are modelled as a thin liquid metal layer superimposed on a tungsten substrate that faces the plasma, while its bottom is kept at a fixed temperature. The top target temperature is calculated from the heat transport equation. The evaporation rate so derived and sputtering give the total impurity source strength. The impurity concentration and the involved radiative losses are calculated self-consistently by solving the multifluid plasma transport equations. A scan in the upstream separatrix density range ne,sep = 2.5–4.5 × 1019 m−3 is carried out for the nominal power input into the scrape off layer, PSOL = 150 MW and in the range PSOL = 150–250 MW for ne,sep ≈ 3.5 × 1019 m−3. Steady state solutions are found only if the maximum plate temperature is kept below the threshold for a very steep increase in evaporation. The radiative capability and peak load mitigation are higher for Sn than for Li but only slightly at high density. If a ceiling to the Sn concentration is set for high core fusion performance, Sn mitigation at low density may drop below Li. Nonetheless, concerns on the Li option are derived from the very large material consumption and on the fact that the main mechanism of impurity release is sputtering, which is outside a full control of the operator. For both Sn and Li, detachment starts to appear only close to the upper limit of the spanned density range. A regime where evaporation overcomes sputtering is more effective in dissipating the input power, especially for Sn. In this case, a sort of vapour shielding seems to develop attached to the impurity source.
Enhancing the signal strength of surface sensitive 2D IR spectroscopy
Authors: Petti Megan K. , Ostrander Joshua S. , Saraswat Vivek , Birdsall Erin R. , Rich Kacie L. , Lomont Justin P. , Arnold Michael S. , Zanni Martin T.
Published: January 2019

Spectroscopic techniques that are capable of measuring surfaces and interfaces must overcome two technical challenges: one, the low coverage of molecules at the surface, and two, discerning between signals from the bulk and surface. We present surface enhanced attenuated reflection 2D infrared (SEAR 2D IR) spectroscopy, a method that combines localized surface plasmons with a reflection pump-probe geometry to achieve monolayer sensitivity. The method is demonstrated at 6 µm with the amide I band of a model peptide, a cysteine terminated α-helical peptide tethered to a gold surface. Using SEAR 2D IR spectroscopy, the signal from this sample is enhanced 20 000-times over a monolayer on a dielectric surface. Like attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy, SEAR 2D IR spectroscopy can be applied to strongly absorbing solvents. We demonstrated this capability by solvating a peptide monolayer with H2O, which cannot normally be used when measuring the amide I band. SEAR 2D IR spectroscopy will be advantageous for studying chemical reactions at electrochemical surfaces, interfacial charge transfer in photovoltaics, and structural changes of transmembrane proteins in lipid membranes.
Effects of the size and friction coefficient of particles on a liquid-gas-particle mixture flow in dam break
Authors: Park Kyung Min , Kim Min Il , Yoon Hyun Sik
Published: January 2019

The present study numerically investigated the liquid-gas-particles mixture flow during dam break using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM). The adopted numerical methods were validated through comparison with previous researches of computation and experiments. The focus is on the effect of the particle friction coefficient (PFC) and the ratio of a particle size to a baseline size (PS) on behavior of the particles and the free surface. The PFC ranges from 0.1 to 0.9 and the PS varies from 50% to 100%. The liquid front position and the formation of the free-surface are almost independent of PFC and PS. In contrast, the particle front position strongly depends on PFC and PS. The particle front velocity showed two pattern according to time. First pattern is the increasing and then saturated behavior. Second pattern has increasing and decreasing behavior. These two patterns are mainly governed by the PFC. Generally, a smaller PFC and a larger PFC lead to first and second patterns, respectively. We could classify all cases of PFC and PS by the arrival time of particles into earlier and later arrivals than liquid front.
Finite element analysis of densification of Fe-40at%Al composite powders
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Liu Pingan , Qi Hui , Liu Junjun , Liu Tengyue , Zheng Lei
Published: January 2019

Finite element analysis was conducted to study the compaction densification mechanism of Fe-40at%Al composite powders. Firstly, the effect of compaction methods on the property of the compact was characterized by finite element simulation and physical experiment. It was shown that the double compaction could obtain denser compacts comparing with that in uniaxial compaction under the same initial conditions. The simulation result was consistent with the experiment result, and they were well fitted with Van Der Zwan-Siskens model. Furthermore, the effect of compaction pressure was analyzed. It was observed that the increase in compaction pressure could improve the relative density and stress of the compact. Finally, the effect mechanism of the die wall friction was analyzed. And a fitting equation of Fe-40at%Al composite powders was proposed on the basis of Van Der Zwan-Siskens model. The results indicated that friction was the primary reason that induced inhomogeneous density and stress distributions.
Generation of plasma torch by 2.45 GHz microwaves from a solid-state power amplifier
Authors: Shin Dong H. , Chun Se M. , Hong Yong C. , Lee Ju S.
Published: January 2019

High efficiency electrodeless plasma at atmospheric pressure was generated using 2.45 GHz microwaves with a solid state power amplifier (SSPA) to achieve greater plasma efficiency in a type WR340 rectangular resonator, in comparison with magnetron. Plasma flames were sustained in a discharge tube with an inner diameter of 26 mm by swirl flow. With an applied power of 3.3 kW and the injection of 50 lpm swirl air, the plasma flame length of the SSPA was 630 mm, demonstrating an almost 30% increase compared with the magnetron flame length. Subsequently, the Q factors, indicating energy efficiencies of the magnetron and SSPA, were calculated using frequency analysis data. The obtained Q factors demonstrated an increase in plasma efficiency by almost one order of magnitude with the SSPA on the WR340 resonator as compared to the magnetron.
Emerging evidence of the value of health assessments for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the primary healthcare setting
Authors: Bailie Jodie , Laycock Alison , Matthews Veronica , Peiris David , Bailie Ross
Published: January 2019

The launch of the third edition of the National guide to preventive health assessment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in March 2018 heralds a renewed commitment to improving the delivery of preventive care, and should reinvigorate discussions on the effectiveness of Indigenous-specific health assessments and how best to implement them. A substantial body of evidence on adherence to guideline-recommended care has been generated through a research-based continuous quality improvement (CQI) initiative conducted between 2010 and 2014. The research, which involved clinical audits of more than 17000 client records and 119 systems assessments relating to preventive care in 137 Indigenous primary healthcare centres across Australia, shows that a structured CQI program can improve the delivery of preventive health assessments and use of evidence-based guidelines. However, program implementation has also seen the emergence of new challenges. This paper reflects on four major lessons from this collaborative program of applied research that will lead to more effective delivery of preventive care.
The Sertoli cell marker FOXD1 regulates testis development and function in the chicken
Authors: Yu Xiaofan , Yuan Yangyang , Qiao Lingyun , Gong Yanzhang , Feng Yanping
Published: January 2019

FOXD1, one of the transcription factors of the FOX family, has been shown to be important for mammalian reproduction but little is known about its function in avian species. In the present study, we identified the expression pattern and location of FOXD1 in chicken tissues and testis by performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and further investigated the regulatory relationship of FOXD1 with genes involved in testis development by RNA interference. Our results showed that FOXD1 is confirmed to be significantly male-biased expressed in the brain, kidney and testis of adults as well as in embryonic gonads, and it is localised in the testicular Sertoli cell in chicken, consistent with its localisation in mammals. After knock-down of FOXD1 in chicken Sertoli cells, the expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) and PKA regulatory subunits type I α (RIα) was significantly downregulated, expression of androgen receptor (AR) was notably increased whereas double-sex and MAB-3-related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1) showed no obvious change in expression. These results suggest that FOXD1 is an essential marker for Sertoli cells upstream of SOX9 expression and a potential regulator of embryonic testis differentiation and development and of normal testis function in the chicken.
Growth rates of, and milk feeding schedules for, juvenile spectacled flying-foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus) reared for release at a rehabilitation centre in north Queensland, Australia
Authors: Mclean Jennefer , Johnson Ashleigh , Woods Delaine , Muller Reinhold , Blair David , Buettner Petra G.
Published: January 2019

In Australia, the spectacled flying-fox (Pteropus conspicillatus) (SFF), is listed as ‘Vulnerable’. Many juvenile SFFs come into care at the Tolga Bat Hospital, a privately funded community organisation. The aims of this study were (1) to estimate postnatal growth rates for length of forearm and body mass; (2) to describe the association between body mass and length of forearm; and (3) to develop a milk feeding chart for infant SFFs. Cross-sectional data were collected for 2680 SFFs from the 2006–07 to the 2016–17 seasons. Forearm length increased by 0.55mm and body mass increased by 1.5g per day. Longitudinal data were collected during the 2016–17 season for 128 SFFs. According to these data, forearm length increased by 0.71mm and body mass increased by 3.4g per day. Both analyses indicated exponential associations between forearm length and body mass (P<0.001). Reasons for the differences between the cross-sectional and longitudinal results might include the negative impact of tick paralysis in the cross-sectional study and the positive effect of human care in the longitudinal study. The proposed feeding chart is based on length of forearm. This study was established in a wildlife-care facility providing a model for similar work with other wildlife species.
Linguistic inferiority in software localization
Authors: Id-youss Lahousseine , Alsulaiman Abied
Published: January 2019

Software localization constitutes an important economic and cultural activity. It involves producing a version of a software product in a different language (the target language) than the language of the original version (the source language). The technical challenges associated with software localization seem to receive more attention from field specialists, while linguistic matters are considered secondary in importance. This article aims to highlight linguistic requirements in software localization through a study of the Arabic localized version of Skype. In particular, we will demonstrate that the linguistic approach adopted by the localizer is largely literal, and this has ramifications for product quality.
On the productivity of the Italian suffix -ista and the English -ist
Authors: Mattiello Elisa
Published: January 2019

This study compares the Italian suffix -ista with its English counterpart -ist
in terms of productivity. While in English -ist is often used to designate a person who devotes himself to some
science or branch of knowledge (linguist), or refers to an adherent of some creed, doctrine, or art
(idealist), Italian -ista has extended its use to new meanings (e.g. supporter of a
politician, an artist, etc.), and possible bases, from roots to phrases. Moreover, -ista has also extended its
applicability to recent loan words and abbreviations, thus becoming more frequent than -ist and often
corresponding to the -er suffix (e.g. shampooer vs. shampista) or nominal
compounds (e.g. taxi driver vs. tassista) in the formation of agent nouns. The present
contrastive (corpus-based and dictionary-based) analyses confirm that -ista is more productive than
-ist in terms of possible bases and varied meanings, which have entered the Italian lexicon and are available
for the formation of neologisms.
Kinetic study of controlled release of flavor compounds from spray-dried encapsulated yeast powder using dynamic vapor sorption–gas chromatography
Authors: Sultana Afroza , Yoshii Hidefumi
Published: January 2019

The release profile of d-limonene and ethyl hexanoate was investigated using a dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) system coupled with gas chromatography. The flavors were encapsulated by spray drying using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from which β-glucan had been partially extracted. Relative humidity (RH) was stepped from 20% to 50, 60, 70, and 80% at 30, 40, 50, and 60ºC. The maximum release flux for d-limonene and ethyl hexanoate was around 12 and 28 mg/s∙m2∙g-powder at 80% RH and 60ºC incubation. The Weibull distribution function was well fitted with the experimental data to analyze release kinetics. The release mechanism parameter was greater than 1.0, which indicates a controlled release with initial induction time. The activation energy for ethyl hexanoate (6 kJ/mol) was lower than d-limonene (41 kJ/mol) at 80% RH, which indicates higher affinition of ethyl hexanoate to migrate from the lipid bilayer membrane towards the water phase.
The time courses of runners’ recovery‐stress responses after a mountain ultra‐marathon: Do appraisals matter?
Authors: Gaudino Marvin , Martinent Guillaume , Millet Guillaume Y , Nicolas Michel
Published: January 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to: (a) examine the time courses of runners’ recovery‐stress states within the month following a demanding Mountain Ultra‐Marathon (MUM) race; and (b) explore the role of primary and secondary appraisals in these trajectories. Design: A seven‐wave one‐month longitudinal design was used with one measurement point within two days before the race to measure appraisals and six time points within the month following the race to assess recovery‐stress states experienced by athletes. Method: A multilevel growth curve analysis approach was used among a sample of 29 MUM runners. Results: Recovery‐stress states were characterized by distinct trajectories during the month following MUM race. Results of multilevel growth curve analyses showed significant linear increases of general and total recovery, significant linear decreases of general, sport‐specific and total stress and a positive quadratic effect of squared time (U shape over time) on specific recovery. Primary appraisal significantly positively predicted levels of sport‐specific recovery, total, general and sport‐specific stress and significantly negatively predicted total and general recovery. Secondary appraisal significantly negatively predicted total and general stress. Conclusions: This study provided insights into the role played by appraisals on the recovery‐stress states experienced by MUM runners the month following a demanding MUM race. Operational strategies were suggested in order to optimize the recovery‐stress balance and in turn psychological adaptation processes in response to an ultra‐endurance race.
ATM is activated by ATP depletion and modulates mitochondrial function through NRF1
Authors: Chow Hei-Man , Cheng Aifang , Song Xuan , Swerdel Mavis R. , Hart Ronald P. , Herrup Karl
Published: January 2019

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation of the ATM gene and is characterized by loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, neurons with high physiological activity and dynamic ATP demands. Here, we show that depletion of ATP generates reactive oxygen species that activate ATM. We find that when ATM is activated by oxidative stress, but not by DNA damage, ATM phosphorylates NRF1. This leads to NRF1 dimerization, nuclear translocation, and the up-regulation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, thus enhancing the capacity of the electron transport chain (ETC) and restoring mitochondrial function. In cells lacking ATM, cells replenish ATP poorly following surges in energy demand, and chronic ATP insufficiency endangers cell survival. We propose that in the absence of ATM, cerebellar Purkinje cells cannot respond adequately to the increase in energy demands of neuronal activity. Our findings identify ATM as a guardian of mitochondrial output, as well as genomic integrity, and suggest that alternative fuel sources may ameliorate A-T disease symptoms.
Visualizing the superposition principle of sound waves in both-closed-end resonance tube
Authors: Jaafar Rosly , Mat Daud Anis Nazihah , Md Yusof Mohd Rozni
Published: January 2019

In this study, we visualized the superposition principle of sound waves in a both-closed-end (BCE) resonance tube. The resonance tube is constructed using an acrylic tube with 2.64 cm internal diameter and 150 cm length, polystyrene beads to illustrate the positions of displacement nodes and antinodes and two identical detachable speakers as source of sound waves at both ends of the tube. The superposition principle of sound waves in a BCE tube is performed for two conditions: speakers at both ends are in-phase and 180° out-of-phase with each other. The findings indicate that the superposition principle of sound waves in a BCE tube changes the modes of harmonic series in the tube depending on the phase of speakers. The harmonic series in BCE tubes occur at the even mode (n  =  2, 4, 6…) for in-phase speakers and the odd mode (n  =  1, 3, 5…) for out-of-phase speakers. The experimental values of harmonic frequencies differ by less than 6.09% compared to the theoretical values, confirming that the experiment can be used to visualize the superposition principle of sound waves in a resonance tube.
Damping behavior of a harmonic oscillator in self-induced magnetic field of a solenoid
Authors: Raveesha K H , Suma S , Ranjitha R , Rakshitha R
Published: January 2019

Most oscillators experience damping in their normal operation. In this paper, the damping behaviour of a simple harmonic oscillator made using a low-cost apparatus is examined. The damping coefficient for the (i) self induced magnetic field in a cylindrical solenoid and (ii) air are studied. The magnitude of damping force is evaluated. The results obtained in the experiment are in accordance with the theory of small oscillations. The results indicate that the under damping process is caused in the above two cases. This technique is relevant in magnetic vehicles.
Relative speeds in 2D elastic collisions
Authors: Goh Ker Liang
Published: January 2019

When two particles undergo an elastic head-on (1D) collision, both the momentum and kinetic energy of the system of two objects are conserved (Serway and Faughn 2003 College Physics 6th edn (Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson Learning) p 168, 171, 172). It is also well-known that the two equations of conservation can be solved in elastic head-on collisions to yield the magnitude of the relative speed of approach of the two particles before the collision equals the magnitude of the relative speed of separation after the collision. In this paper, we show mathematically that for 2D elastic collisions, this relationship between the relative speeds before and after collision holds true.