bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating a Bus Rapid Transit Boulevard: Making Woodhaven Boulevard Select Bus Service Work for Transit, Traffic, and the Public in Queens, New York
Authors: Singh Varanesh , Beaton Eric B. , Gouge Taylor Reiss , Schatmeier Nina Harvey
Published: October 2016

American and international cities have delivered high-quality transit service at relatively low cost through the use of bus rapid transit (BRT). However, while improved transit service is critical for urban mobility, a tension exists between creating the best possible bus facility and designing an attractive urban environment. Cities face the challenge of developing street configurations that provide reliable, high-capacity transit service while providing a high-quality public realm for the transit riders and communities that the buses serve. Woodhaven Boulevard is an auto-oriented 14-mi (22.5-km) corridor in Queens, New York, that carries more than 30,000 bus riders daily. The corridor performs poorly for transit, is inhospitable to pedestrians, and is consistently ranked as one of the most dangerous streets in the city. The New York City Department of Transportation and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bus Company are leveraging the Select Bus Service (SBS) program to redesign the corridor with BRT features that include improvements to the public realm while maintaining sufficient capacity for all vehicles. This paper describes the planning process and challenges of the Woodhaven Boulevard SBS project and provides lessons on how to design and evaluate an urban arterial that accommodates many users, each with his or her own set of mobility and accessibility needs. While typical BRT projects focus on the traditional goals of maximizing transit efficiency and bus speeds, the preferred concept for Woodhaven Boulevard demonstrates how a wider array of goals that includes safety, aesthetics, and place making can and should be incorporated into transit projects.
Comparison of Well-to-Wheel Efficiencies for Different Drivetrain Configurations of Transit Buses
Authors: Schwertner Michael , Weidmann Ulrich
Published: October 2016

The transportation sector, especially road transport, must reduce its energy consumption and emissions significantly. This requirement also applies to road-bound public transport, which uses mainly diesel buses. A reasonable measure for reaching this goal is to electrify the vehicle's drivetrain. During the past decade, several alternative technologies have evolved, namely, hybrid electric buses, fuel cell electric buses, and battery electric buses (BEBs). For a comparison of their energy efficiency, both the drivetrain's efficiency and the efficiency of the energy supply must be examined to determine well-to-wheel efficiency. This paper attempted to compare seven drivetrains for urban transit buses: diesel, natural gas, diesel–electric, hybrid electric (series and parallel), fuel cell electric, battery electric, and trolley bus. This comparison will become the main part of a more extensive model that supports decision making in bus procurement processes. The model will be as simple as possible. This factor makes it suitable also for the practitioner's use. Therefore, an analytic approach instead of a simulation tool was used. The model's outcomes were both total and specific energy consumption of four generic bus types operating on a dedicated bus line. The result of the study found that the trolley bus, closely followed by the BEB, was the most efficient, even when the share of renewable energy in electricity generation was low. The possibility to reduce specific energy consumption by increasing the occupation rate is outlined as well.
Estimation of Short-Term Bus Travel Time by Using Low-Resolution Automated Vehicle Location Data
Authors: Farid Yashar Zeinali , Christofa Eleni , Paget-Seekins Laurel
Published: October 2016

Estimation of short-term bus travel time is an essential component of effective intelligent transportation systems (ITS), including traveler information systems and transit signal priority (TSP) strategies. Several technologies, such as automated vehicle location (AVL) systems, can provide real-time information for estimation of bus travel time. However, low resolution of data from such technologies presents a challenge to accurate estimation of travel time. Several models for estimation of bus travel time at signalized urban arterials were developed and tested. These models used low-frequency AVL data and required only knowledge of network specifications such as locations of bus stops and intersections. First, a linear regression model was developed; it decomposed total travel time into its components, including running travel time, dwell time at bus stops, and delay at signalized intersections. Second, various machine learning models, including support vector regression (SVR) with nonlinear kernel, ridge, Lasso, decision tree, and Bayesian ridge were trained by using Python libraries such as scikit-learn and evaluated. A segment of Washington Street in Boston, Massachusetts, was selected as the study site. The results indicate that the SVR model outperformed other regression models in generalized error measures, in particular those of mean absolute error and root mean square error. The findings of this study can lead to improved traveler information systems and more-efficient TSP strategies and, overall, can contribute to better transit quality of service.
Application of Bus-Only Lanes in Downtown Washington, D.C.: Concurrent Versus Contraflow Bus Lanes
Authors: Cesme Burak , Altun Selman , Jia Wendy , Eichler Michael , Torruellas Circe , Santhanam Srividya , Wang Zhuojin , Brulle Timothy
Published: October 2016

Buses operating in mixed traffic are subject to congestion and thus experience long delays and unreliable service. The impact of congestion on buses is more pronounced in downtown areas than elsewhere because of heavy vehicular traffic, high transit–pedestrian activity, and friction caused by curbside users. This research explored potential benefits, effects, and costs associated with bus-only lane alternatives, including effects for traffic, transit, and curbside users (e.g., parking and loading). H and I Streets, Northwest, in downtown Washington, D.C., where bus frequency reaches one every minute during peak hours, were modeled through microsimulation. Concurrent-flow lanes and contraflow bus-only lanes were analyzed. A benefit–cost analysis (BCA) was conducted for each scenario of bus-only lanes. Concurrent-flow bus-only lanes (Alternative 1) offered a low-cost solution with good benefits (reduction as high as 5 min/mi in bus travel time). However, sensitivity analysis showed that enforcement of restrictions on right turns and operations would be needed to ensure these benefits. A contraflow bus-only lane on H Street (Alternative 2) provided substantial improvements in auto and transit travel times without right-turn restrictions and with medium costs. As a result, Alternative 2 provided the most monetary benefits, according to the BCA, with a benefit–cost ratio of 28. Benefits associated with contraflow bus lanes were not contingent on enforcement, because they are self-enforcing. Couplet contraflow bus-only lanes on H and I Streets (Alternative 3) represented the highest-cost solution yet resulted in marginal benefits compared with the other scenarios because of its high impact on auto users.
Test and Evaluation of Systems to Warn Pedestrians of Turning Buses
Authors: Pecheux Kelley Klaver , Strathman James , Kennedy Jason F.
Published: October 2016

As part of a cooperative agreement with FTA, the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet) in Portland, Oregon, conducted a demonstration test of three commercially available systems to warn pedestrians of turning transit buses. Forty-five buses were equipped with the warning systems for turning (15 buses with each of the three systems) for 7 months (between March and September 2014). A robust evaluation of the systems, including surveys and focus groups with bus operators and the general public, a video-based analysis of pedestrian behaviors, interviews with TriMet personnel, and a benefit– cost analysis, was conducted. The results showed a range of perceptions, levels of acceptance, and recommendations for improving the technologies. The benefit–cost results showed positive benefit–cost ratios even under the most conservative assumptions about the benefits and costs associated with the turn warning systems.
COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD AND COMPONENT CHARACTERS IN WHITE GRAIN QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE
Authors: Ahmed A. , Amiruzzaman M. , Begum S. , Billah M.M. , Rohman M. M.
Published: October 2016

Combining ability for yield and yield components were carried out in a 8×8 diallel cross of white grain quality protein maize (QPM) to determine the general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of the crosses. Significant mean sum of squares due to GCA and SCA were observed for all the characters studied. Higher magnitude of SCA variance than GCA variance clearly indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action for all the traits. The parental lines P4, P7 and Q6 were found to be the best general combiner for yield components and these parents could be used as donor parents in hybridization to improve traits like days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, grains per ear and 1000 grain weight by accumulation of favorable genes. The significant positive SCA along with high mean yield, the crosses Q5 × P7, P7× Q6 and P7× Q2 could be used for commercial variety development, after verifying their performance over locations.
GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG MAINTAINER LINES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) BASED ON CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Authors: Hasan M. J. , Kulsum U. , Shamsuddin A. K. M. , Islam M. S.
Published: October 2016

An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur during T. Aman season 2007. Ten maintainer lines were evaluated to identify most diverse maintainer lines in respect of morphological traits for developing heterotic rice hybrids based on clustering and days to maturity. Based on mean values of different morphological traits and maturity, 10 maintainer lines were classified into four distinct clusters. Maximum Euclidean distance from centroids was observed in cluster 2 whereas cluster 3 and 4 found in the centroids. Most of the maintainer lines were grouped into early and medium maturing clusters while the remaining two lines were clustered into very early and late maturing clusters. Very early maturing group contained maintainer line (D.ShanB) with dissi cyto source and fell into cluster 3. It had short plant stature with short flag leaf but had high spikelet fertility and thousand grain weight. Early maturing group contained maintainer lines having 4 different cyto sources revealed early maturing group featured with cyto source variation with high panicle number/m2 and very good yield potentiality. Grouping the maintainer lines on the basis of maturity period yield per plot was proportionally higher in late maturing line. Only a single line Gan46B fell into late maturing group and had highest yield. This fact suggests possibility of corresponding CMS line of Gan46B could be used as female if restorer lines are selected from early maturing group. Medium maturing group had some added advantage like medium duration with diverse cyto sources and good yielding ability. If restorer lines are selected from late maturing group with high yield potentiality proper hybrid rice combination become available for Boro season and it would be better because rice hybrid perform better under irrigated Boro eco system. One hundrade and nineteen days growth duration also very good for T. Aman season.
DIVERGENCE ANALYSIS BASED ON YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS OF A COLLECTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Rahman M. S. , Ali L. , Sultana A. , Ruhullah M. , Hossain M. S.
Published: October 2016

Genetic diversity among 24 spring wheat genotypes (Varieties/lines) was estimated using Mahalanobis D2-statistics and principal coordinate analysis. The genotypes fell into four clusters of different size.  Of the seven different characters spike length and 1000 grain weight had the highest contribution towards the divergence. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster I and III followed by cluster II and III. So, genotypes from the most divergence clusters could be used as parents in hybridization program and are expected to manifest maximum heterosis as well as broad spectrum of variability.
GENETIC DIVERSITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN OKRA [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]
Authors: Bello O. B. , Aminu D. , Gambo A. , Azeez A. H. , Lawal M. , Ali I. , Abdulhamid U. A.
Published: October 2016

Ten okra genotypes were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, during 2015 and 2016 dry seasons. The objective was to assess the degree of genetic diversity and heritability of different traits of okra. The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p<0.01) differences among okra genotypes for plant height, days to 50% flowering, fresh pod length, fresh pod diameter and fresh weight per pod in both years. High heritability, genetic advance as percent of the mean and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for all the studied characters except fresh pod diameter and days to 50% flowering. This indicated diverse genetic background and predominance of additive gene control for these characters, thereby providing a great scope for selection. Mahanalobis D2 analysis allocated the 10 genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I was the highest cluster consisting four genotypes, followed by cluster II with three genotypes and cluster III two genotypes, while cluster IV was monogenotypic. Involvement of the highest yielding genotypes (Salkade, Yar gagure and Kwadag) in hybridization could increase novel recombinants to exploit transgressive segregates with high genetic yield potentials.
Wing Tip Drag Reduction at Nominal Take-Off Mach Number: An Approach to Local Active Flow Control with a Highly Robust Actuator System
Authors: Bauer Matthias , Grund Thomas , Nitsche Wolfgang , Ciobaca Vlad
Published: October 2016

This paper discusses wind tunnel test results aimed at advancing active flow control technology to increase the aerodynamic efficiency of an aircraft during take-off. A model of the outer section of a representative civil airliner wing was equipped with two-stage fluidic actuators between the slat edge and wing tip, where mechanical high-lift devices fail to integrate. The experiments were conducted at a nominal take-off Mach number of M = 0.2. At this incidence velocity, separation on the wing section, accompanied by increased drag, is triggered by the strong slat edge vortex at high angles of attack. On the basis of global force measurements and local static pressure data, the effect of pulsed blowing on the complex flow is evaluated, considering various momentum coefficients and spanwise distributions of the actuation effort. It is shown that through local intensification of forcing, a momentum coefficient of less than c μ = 0.6 % suffices to offset the stall by 2.4°, increase the maximum lift by more than 10% and reduce the drag by 37% compared to the uncontrolled flow.
Field Prototype of the ENEA Neutron Active Interrogation Device for the Detection of Dirty Bombs
Authors: Cherubini Nadia , Dodaro Alessandro , Gandolfo Giada , Lepore Luigi , Marzo Giuseppe , Piccinelli Ermanno , Remetti Romolo
Published: October 2016

The Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Neutron Active Interrogation (NAI) device is a tool designed to improve CBRNE defense. It is designed to uncover radioactive and nuclear threats including those in the form of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), the so-called “dirty bombs”. The NAI device, at its current development stage, allows to detect 6 g of 235U hidden in a package. It is easily transportable, light in weight, and with a real-time response. Its working principle is based on two stages: (1) an “active” stage in which neutrons are emitted by a neutron generator to interact with the item under inspection, and (2) a “passive” stage in which secondary neutrons are detected originating a signal that, once processed, allows recognition of the offence. In particular, a clear indication of the potential threat is obtained by a dedicated software based on the Differential Die-Away Time Analysis method.
RNA Interference in Moths: Mechanisms, Applications, and Progress
Authors: Xu Jin , Wang Xia-Fei , Chen Peng , Liu Fang-Tao , Zheng Shuai-Chao , Ye Hui , Mo Ming-He
Published: October 2016

The vast majority of lepidopterans, about 90%, are moths. Some moths, particularly their caterpillars, are major agricultural and forestry pests in many parts of the world. However, some other members of moths, such as the silkworm Bombyx mori, are famous for their economic value. Fire et al. in 1998 initially found that exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can silence the homolog endogenous mRNA in organisms, which is called RNA interference (RNAi). Soon after, the RNAi technique proved to be very promising not only in gene function determination but also in pest control. However, later studies demonstrate that performing RNAi in moths is not as straightforward as shown in other insect taxa. Nevertheless, since 2007, especially after 2010, an increasing number of reports have been published that describe successful RNAi experiments in different moth species either on gene function analysis or on pest management exploration. So far, more than 100 peer-reviewed papers have reported successful RNAi experiments in moths, covering 10 families and 25 species. By using classic and novel dsRNA delivery methods, these studies effectively silence the expression of various target genes and determine their function in larval development, reproduction, immunology, resistance against chemicals, and other biological processes. In addition, a number of laboratory and field trials have demonstrated that RNAi is also a potential strategy for moth pest management. In this review, therefore, we summarize and discuss the mechanisms and applications of the RNAi technique in moths by focusing on recent progresses.
Beneficial Effects of UV-Radiation: Vitamin D and beyond
Authors: Trummer Christian , Pandis Marlene , Verheyen Nicolas , Grübler Martin , Gaksch Martin , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Tomaschitz Andreas , Pieber Thomas , Pilz Stefan , Schwetz Verena
Published: October 2016

Aside from its well-known effects on bone and mineral metabolism, vitamin D may also play an important role in extra-skeletal processes like immunologic diseases, cancer, or cardiovascular diseases. Even though meta-analyses showed that vitamin D supplementation reduces fractures, falls, and overall mortality, its potential benefits did not find universal acclaim. Several health care authorities published Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin D, most of them ranging from 600 to 800 international units (IU) per day, corresponding to a serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of at least 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). However, studies conducted in the general population revealed a much lower overall intake of vitamin D than the proposed RDAs. Thus, strategies to increase the vitamin D intake in the general population, e.g., food fortification or vitamin D supplementation, are needed to match the existing evidence and recommendations. Therefore, several currently ongoing projects aim to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation in the general population and try to establish food-based solutions to improve vitamin D status.
Evaluation of MBJ20® Transcutaneous Bilirubinometer in the Assessement of Severity of Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Madubuike Chinelo , Ugochukwu Ebele , Ezeanosike Obumneme , Chukwuka John , Okpara Henry
Published: October 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the MBJ20® transcutaneous bilirubinonometer by Beijing M&B Electronic Instrument Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China) in the assessment of severity of neonatal jaundice. Two hundred and twenty-two paired samples from 88 newborns aged between 28 and 44 weeks of gestation at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Anambra State, were analyzed. These infants had total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels measured on clinical indication, and transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) levels were obtained at the forehead and sternum within 10 min of the TSB levels. There was a close correlation between TSB and TcBF and between TSB and TcBS for all the paired readings (n = 222, r = 0.904; n = 222, r = 0.917, respectively). MBJ20 values differed on average from the TSB values by 3.2 mg/dL for TcBF and 2.0 mg/dL for TcBs. We conclude that TcB measurements using the MBJ20 jaundice meter correlate very closely with TSB levels over the range of TSB encountered in this study and that estimation of TcB should be done at both the forehead and sternum.
CaLB Catalyzed Conversion of ε-Caprolactone in Aqueous Medium. Part 1: Immobilization of CaLB to Microgels
Authors: Engel Stefan , Höck Heidi , Bocola Marco , Keul Helmut , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Möller Martin
Published: October 2016

The enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of lactones is a method of increasing interest for the synthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. In the past it was shown that immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) and the reaction medium play an important role in the polymerization ability especially of medium ring size lactones like ε-caprolactone (ε-CL). We investigated a route for the preparation of compartmentalized microgels based on poly(glycidol) in which CaLB was immobilized to increase its esterification ability. To find the ideal environment for CaLB, we investigated the acceptable water concentration and the accessibility for the monomer in model polymerizations in toluene and analyzed the obtained oligomers/polymers by NMR and SEC. We observed a sufficient accessibility for ε-CL to a toluene like hydrophobic phase imitating a hydrophobic microgel. Comparing free CaLB and Novozym® 435 we found that not the monomer concentration but rather the solubility of the enzyme, as well as the water concentration, strongly influences the equilibrium of esterification and hydrolysis. On the basis of these investigations, microgels of different polarity were prepared and successfully loaded with CaLB by physical entrapment. By comparison of immobilized and free CaLB, we demonstrated an effect of the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment of CaLB on its enzymatic activity.
Indicators for Assessing Habitat Values and Pressures for Protected Areas—An Integrated Habitat and Land Cover Change Approach for the Udzungwa Mountains National Park in Tanzania
Authors: Brink Andreas , Martínez-López Javier , Szantoi Zoltan , Moreno-Atencia Pablo , Lupi Andrea , Bastin Lucy , Dubois Grégoire
Published: October 2016

Assessing the status and monitoring the trends of land cover dynamics in and around protected areas is of utmost importance for park managers and decision makers. Moreover, to support the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)’s Strategic Action Plan including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, such efforts are necessary to set a framework to reach the agreed national, regional or global targets. The integration of land use/cover change (LULCC) data with information on habitats and population density provides the means to assess potential degradation and disturbance resulting from anthropogenic activities such as agriculture and urban area expansion. This study assesses the LULCC over a 20 year (1990–2000–2010) period using freely available Landsat imagery and a dedicated method and toolbox for the Udzungwa Mountains National Park (UMNP) and its surroundings (20 km buffer) in Tanzania. Habitat data gathered from the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas (DOPA)’s eHabitat+ Web service were used to perform ecological stratification of the study area and to develop similarity maps of the potential presence of comparable habitat types outside the protected area. Finally, integration of the habitat similarity maps with the LULCC data was applied in order to evaluate potential pressures on the different habitats within the national park and on the linking corridors between UMNP and other protected areas in the context of wildlife movement and migration. The results show that the UMNP has not suffered from relevant human activities during the study period. The natural vegetation area has remained stable around 1780 km2. In the surrounding 20 km buffer area and the connecting corridors, however, the anthropogenic impact has been strong. Artificially built up areas increased by 14.24% over the last 20 years and the agriculture area increased from 11% in 1990 to 30% in the year 2010. The habitat functional types and the similarity maps confirmed the importance of the buffer zone and the connecting corridors for wildlife movements, while the similarity maps detected other potential corridors for wildlife.
The Effect of Biodiversity on Green Space Users’ Wellbeing—An Empirical Investigation Using Physiological Evidence
Authors: Chang Kaowen , Sullivan William , Lin Ying-Hsuan , Su Weichia , Chang Chun-Yen
Published: October 2016

Promoting ecological health and human wellbeing are two fundamental goals in landscape sustainability. Green spaces are thought to improve users’ psychological and physical wellbeing through the contact with nature. However, the results of some studies that rely on self-reports suggest that when the level of naturalness in a green space reaches a certain point, the beneficial effects diminish and in some cases can cause negative responses. We explored this possibility through an experimental study in which we use physiological measures rather than perceptions to assess people’s wellbeing. We investigate how people are affected by outdoor settings with varying degrees of biodiversity and whether the correlation between biodiversity and physiological wellbeing is negative or positive. We used multiple measures of insect diversity as an indicator for biodiversity, and biofeedback measures as indicators of wellbeing. Our findings suggest that people are equally affected by more biodiverse and less biodiverse settings. Physiological responses remain largely unchanged when biodiversity increases. This suggests that settings rich in biodiversity will not negatively influence people’s physiological wellbeing, and designers and city planners should not hesitate to use ecological best practices in their designs.
Where in the Cell Are You? Probing HIV-1 Host Interactions through Advanced Imaging Techniques
Authors: Dirk Brennan , Van Nynatten Logan , Dikeakos Jimmy
Published: October 2016

Viruses must continuously evolve to hijack the host cell machinery in order to successfully replicate and orchestrate key interactions that support their persistence. The type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is a prime example of viral persistence within the host, having plagued the human population for decades. In recent years, advances in cellular imaging and molecular biology have aided the elucidation of key steps mediating the HIV-1 lifecycle and viral pathogenesis. Super-resolution imaging techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) and photoactivation and localization microscopy (PALM) have been instrumental in studying viral assembly and release through both cell–cell transmission and cell–free viral transmission. Moreover, powerful methods such as Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) have shed light on the protein-protein interactions HIV-1 engages within the host to hijack the cellular machinery. Specific advancements in live cell imaging in combination with the use of multicolor viral particles have become indispensable to unravelling the dynamic nature of these virus-host interactions. In the current review, we outline novel imaging methods that have been used to study the HIV-1 lifecycle and highlight advancements in the cell culture models developed to enhance our understanding of the HIV-1 lifecycle.
Le trésor d’Assiout, ou les leçons d’un trésor
Authors: Picard Olivier
Published: October 2016

The Asyut hoard is a very interesting example of the hoards consisting of coins from many mints buried in different regions of the Persian Empire between 500 and 480 or 465 B. C. The history of the discovery and its scientific publication are briefly reviewed. Analysing the hoard’s composition then underlines the vast proportion of coins from Greek cities or Thracian tribes minted in Aegean Thracia with the metal from the “ Pangean” silver mines. How did so many coins make their way to Egypt ? The comparison with other hoards of similar composition suggests some connection with the Persian military expeditions in Greece during the same period.
The Rays of the Ptolemies
Authors: Iossif Panagiotis , Lorber Catharine C.
Published: October 2016

L’article offre un nouvel aperçu des portraits radiés de Ptolémée III et V et des cornes d’abondance correspondantes sur le revers de ces mêmes monnaies. À travers une analyse complexe et détaillée des différents motifs, des attributs et des sources papyrologiques ; à travers une série de comparaisons avec des inscriptions (les décrets de Canope et de Memphis) et avec la Grande Procession de Ptolémée II, les auteurs arrivent à la conclusion que ces monnaies (des mnaieia et des fractions avec le portrait de Ptolémée III ; des mnaieia avec l’image de Ptolémée V) font partie d’un programme iconographique, qui représente la bienfaisance des rois lagides sous deux aspects différents : primo, leur rôle en tant que garants de l’abondance et de la régénération perpétuelle (ceci est fait à travers la mise en avant des détails tels que l’alternance de la forme de rayons sur les couronnes radiées ou la fleur de lotus ornant la base de la corne d’abondance sur le revers des monnaies, qui positionne le roi «solaire » comme la source du cycle perpétuel de renouvellement, une sorte de maître du Temps) ; secundo, la défense de l’Égypte et de l’ordre divin par une série de batailles menées lors des guerres ayant lieu en-dehors de l’Égypte, en particulier les dites guerres de Syrie (la zone contestée de la Syrie et Phénicie revêt ainsi une portée centrale dans cette interprétation), matérialisée par des symboles militaires (l’égide dans le cas de Ptolémée III et la pointe de lance sur les monnaies de Ptolémée V). Ces deux aspects ont trait à la nature solaire et Horienne des rois et du maintien de la Maât, qui incarne la force vitale du soleil, la vie du pays et l’équilibre du cosmos.
Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability
Authors: Borzenkov Mykola , Määttänen Anni , Ihalainen Petri , Collini Maddalena , Cabrini Elisa , Dacarro Giacomo , Pallavicini Piersandro , Chirico Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

Inkjet printing of spherical gold nanoparticles is widely applied in the fabrication of analytical and diagnostics tools. These methods could be extended to non-spherical gold nanoparticles that can efficiently release heat locally when irradiated in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength region, due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, this promising application requires the ability to maintain high efficiency and tunability of the NIR LSPR of the printed nanoparticles. In this study stable inks containing PEGylated gold nanostars (GNS) were fabricated and successfully inkjet-printed onto differently coated paper substrates with different porosity and permeability. A pronounced photothermal effect was observed under NIR excitation of LSPR of the printed GNS patterns even at low laser intensities. It was found that beside the direct role of the laser intensity, this effect depends appreciably on the printing parameters, such as drop density (δ, drops/mm2) and number of printed layers, and, critically, on the permeability of the coated paper substrates. These results will promote the development of GNS-based printed platforms for local photothermal therapy.
SLIPPING MAGNETIC RECONNECTION OF FLUX-ROPE STRUCTURES AS A PRECURSOR TO AN ERUPTIVE X-CLASS SOLAR FLARE
Authors: Li Ting , Yang Kai , Hou Yijun , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2016

We present the quasi-periodic slipping motion of flux-rope structures prior to the onset of an eruptive X-class flare on 2015 March 11, obtained by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The slipping motion occurred at the north part of the flux rope and seemed to successively peel off the flux rope. The speed of the slippage was 30−40 km s−1, with an average period of 130 ± 30 s. The Si iv
λ1402.77 line showed a redshift of 10−30 km s−1 and a line width of 50−120 km s−1 at the west legs of slipping structures, indicative of reconnection downflow. The slipping motion lasted about 40 minutes, and the flux rope started to rise up slowly at the late stage of the slippage. Then an X2.1 flare was initiated, and the flux rope was impulsively accelerated. One of the flare ribbons swept across a negative-polarity sunspot, and the penumbral segments of the sunspot decayed rapidly after the flare. We studied the magnetic topology at the flaring region, and the results showed the existence of a twisted flux rope, together with quasi-separatrix layer (QSL) structures binding the flux rope. Our observations imply that quasi-periodic slipping magnetic reconnection occurs along the flux-rope-related QSLs in the preflare stage, which drives the later eruption of the flux rope and the associated flare.
DO THE MOST MASSIVE BLACK HOLES AT z = 2 GROW VIA MAJOR MERGERS?
Authors: Mechtley M. , Jahnke K. , Windhorst R. A. , Andrae R. , Cisternas M. , Cohen S. H. , Hewlett T. , Koekemoer A. M. , Schramm M. , Schulze A. , Silverman J. D. , Villforth C. , van der Wel A. , Wisotzki L.
Published: October 2016

The most frequently proposed model for the origin of quasars holds that the high accretion rates seen in luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) are primarily triggered during major mergers between gas-rich galaxies. While plausible for decades, this model has only begun to be tested with statistical rigor in the past few years. Here, we report on a Hubble Space Telescope study to test this hypothesis for z = 2 quasars with high supermassive black hole masses (

), which dominate cosmic black hole growth at this redshift. We compare Wide Field Camera 3

(rest-frame V-band) imaging of 19 point source-subtracted quasar hosts to a matched sample of 84 inactive galaxies, testing whether the quasar hosts have greater evidence for strong gravitational interactions. Using an expert ranking procedure, we find that the quasar hosts are uniformly distributed within the merger sequence of inactive galaxies, with no preference for quasars in high-distortion hosts. Using a merger/non-merger cutoff approach, we recover distortion fractions of

for quasar hosts and

for inactive galaxies (distribution modes, 68% confidence intervals), with both measurements subjected to the same observational conditions and limitations. The slight enhancement in distorted fraction for quasar hosts over inactive galaxies is not significant, with a probability that the quasar fraction is higher

(

), in line with results for lower mass and lower z AGN. We find no evidence that major mergers are the primary triggering mechanism for the massive quasars that dominate accretion at the peak of cosmic quasar activity.
MODELING THE SUN’S SMALL-SCALE GLOBAL PHOTOSPHERIC MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Meyer K. A. , Mackay D. H.
Published: October 2016

We present a new model for the Sun’s global photospheric magnetic field during a deep minimum of activity, in which no active regions emerge. The emergence and subsequent evolution of small-scale magnetic features across the full solar surface is simulated, subject to the influence of a global supergranular flow pattern. Visually, the resulting simulated magnetograms reproduce the typical structure and scale observed in quiet Sun magnetograms. Quantitatively, the simulation quickly reaches a steady state, resulting in a mean field and flux distribution that are in good agreement with those determined from observations. A potential coronal magnetic field is extrapolated from the simulated full Sun magnetograms to consider the implications of such a quiet photospheric magnetic field on the corona and inner heliosphere. The bulk of the coronal magnetic field closes very low down, in short connections between small-scale features in the simulated magnetic network. Just 0.1% of the photospheric magnetic flux is found to be open at 2.5 R
⊙, around 10–100 times less than that determined for typical Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager synoptic map observations. If such conditions were to exist on the Sun, this would lead to a significantly weaker interplanetary magnetic field than is currently observed, and hence a much higher cosmic ray flux at Earth.
Discontinuous color variation in the assassin bug species Tiarodes miyamotoi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae)
Authors: Ishikawa Tadashi
Published: October 2016

The reduviine assassin bug, Tiarodes miyamotoi Ishikawa, Cai and Tomokuni, 2005 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae), has so far been known only from the Yaeyama Islands of Japan and no major intraspecific variation has been reported in this species.

This is the first record of this species from Okinawa-honto Island as the northernmost locality. Furthermore, an apparently discontinuous intraspecific variation in coloration has been confirmed between populations from the Yaeyama and Okinawa-honto Islands; this variation has been reported for the first time in the genus Tiarodes Burmeister, 1835, which comprises approximately 90 species.
La communication des organisations à l’heure de la complexité. Les enseignements du « management compréhensif » au sein d’une entreprise suédoise de transport public
Authors: Burlat Claire
Published: October 2016

Notre article interroge le rôle de la communication au travail dans un contexte où ses normes se transforment sous l’effet de la complexité croissante des organisations. Notre propos se fonde sur l’étude du cas de la privatisation du plus grand site d’exploitation de réseaux de bus suédois. Un management dit « compréhensif » y a été déployé en réponse à une crise managériale. Il se caractérise par une communication permanente et individualisée entre le manager de proximité et les conducteurs, favorisant l’expression des affects.
Les objets médiateurs dans le groupe thérapeutique
Authors: Chouvier Bernard
Published: October 2016

Pour les patients ne pouvant affronter la situation transférentielle individuelle ou groupale directe, le recours à des médiations s’avère nécessaire. On distingue les médiations trouvées-créées (marionnettes, conte, photographies) et les médiations à créer (peinture, modelage, théâtre). L’auteur, spécialiste des médiations thérapeutiques et des cliniques de la création, s’intéresse plus particulièrement ici aux thérapies groupales et montre comment, dans ces groupes spécifiques, il importe de repérer et d’analyser les fonctions de l’objet médiateur autour de la diffraction transférentielle. Sur le plan thérapeutique, il est important de travailler sur les liens entre paroles et actes afin de mettre en œuvre et de différencier les étapes de la symbolisation.
Le contretransfert au cours des thérapies du couple vieillissant
Authors: Charazac-Brunel Marguerite
Published: October 2016

La psychothérapie du couple âgé suscite des réactions transférentielles et contretransférentielles spécifiques où les mouvements émotionnels doivent être reconnus et contenus dans le cadre du préconscient. Les vécus d’angoisse de mort révèlent un vécu de mort déjà ressenti profondément dans l’inconscient, présent depuis longtemps. Fort heureusement, les personnes âgées restent le plus souvent très désireuses de faire part de leurs angoisses de mort, mais aussi de leurs rêves. Les rêves restent – quel que soit l’âge du sujet – la voie royale vers l’inconscient, mais aussi vers le rétablissement des interactions avec le thérapeute. La psychothérapie du sujet endeuillé, en particulier grâce à l’analyse des rêves, permet une ouverture vers de nouveaux liens. L’article présente ici la création d’un nouveau « jeune couple de partenaires âgés ».
Les représentations de la sexualité chez les adolescents d’un ime
Authors: Bécar Florence
Published: October 2016

L’auteur, dont les références sont psychanalytiques, relate le travail d’un groupe de parole propice aux associations verbales et à la circulation de la parole selon les règles de confidentialité et d’abstinence favorisant la prise de conscience d’une parole singulière. L’élaboration porte sur la honte rendant difficile au sujet handicapé, enclin à se vivre comme victime, la possibilité de se représenter la transmission de la vie.
La protection du consommateur par le droit de la concurrence : analyse civiliste et pratique des positions canadienne et européenne
Authors: Lehaire Benjamin
Published: October 2016

L’objet de la présente contribution est de mener une recherche exploratoire sur les liens entretenus par le droit de la concurrence et la protection des consommateurs dans les systèmes juridiques canadien et européen à la suite de l’introduction de la directive 2014/104 relative aux actions privées. En effet, il est généralement reconnu que le droit de la concurrence contribue à la protection du consommateur. Le droit européen de la concurrence a notamment démontré ce lien particulier entre la protection du consommateur et le droit de la concurrence. En cela, la récente directive européenne sur le private enforcement du droit de la concurrence et l’introduction en France d’une action de groupe en droit de la concurrence ne sont qu’un aboutissement. Cependant, la situation européenne amène à des réflexions sur ce sujet au Canada. Le droit de la concurrence doit permettre au consommateur de jouer son rôle d’acteur de l’économie sans préjudice lors de ses transactions. Pourtant, ces liens ne sont pas évidents au Canada. En effet, ce pays connaît un système juridique fédéraliste et bijuridique (c’est-à-dire alliant le droit civil et la Common law) qui ne favorise pas la protection du consommateur ou, à tout le moins, un rapprochement entre le droit de la consommation et le droit de la concurrence. Le présent article propose d’explorer le contexte juridique canadien qui explique cette situation afin de constater la différence d’approche entre l’Union européenne et le Canada. Plus particulièrement, s’agissant du droit civil, l’analyse du droit québécois démontre qu’il serait possible d’aller plus loin dans la protection du consommateur en utilisant pleinement le pouvoir constitutionnel des provinces en matière de droit civil, notamment pour favoriser l’indemnisation du préjudice concurrentiel à l’image de ce qui se fait en Europe. Cette étape a été franchie dans l’Union européenne et notamment en France depuis l’introduction de l’action de groupe en droit de la concurrence français. La directive européenne 2014/104 s’inscrit également dans ce mouvement.
L’échange automatique d’informations en matière fiscale dans le contexte international
Authors: Roussieau Candice
Published: October 2016

Depuis l’adoption du Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) par les États-Unis en 2010, l’échange automatique d’informations en matière fiscale ne cesse de susciter l’intérêt de la scène internationale. Présenté comme le nouveau standard en matière d’échange d’informations fiscales par le G20 dès 2013, il a, depuis lors, fait l’objet de divers instruments internationaux destinés à en assurer la mise en œuvre. Le présent article dresse un état des lieux des différents modèles proposés respectivement par les États-Unis, l’OCDE et l’Union européenne. À cette occasion, deux enjeux essentiels pour l’avenir de ces instruments sont abordés : leur accessibilité aux États en développement et leur possible harmonisation en un modèle global.
The Effect of Bevacizumab Pretreatment on the Choice of Endotamponade in Diabetic Tractional Retinal Detachment
Authors: Uzel Mehmet Murat , Citirik Mehmet , Ilhan Cagri , Inanc Merve
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effect of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) injection on the choice of endotamponade at the end of surgery in patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for diabetic tractional retinal detachment (DTRD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Seventy-eight patients who had DTRD with macular involvement and underwent PPV by a single surgeon from January 2012 to May 2015 were included. Complete ophthalmological examinations were evaluated at the baseline and during the postoperative follow-up period.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 55.58 years ± 9.31 years in bevacizumab group and 56.70 years ± 9.35 years in the non-bevacizumab group. Preoperative IVB injection was performed in 38 of 78 patients. The complications of intraoperative retinal bleeding and iatrogenic retinal tear were not seen in 26 patients within the bevacizumab group or in 12 patients within the non-bevacizumab group (P= .016). Silicone oil was used as endotamponade in 10 patients (26%) in the bevacizumab group and in 28 patients (70%) in the non-bevacizumab group. The use of silicone oil as endotamponade in the non-bevacizumab group was significantly greater than in the bevacizumab group (P= .039).

CONCLUSION:

IVB injection reduces the need for the use of silicone oil as endotamponade in the patients who underwent PPV for DTRD at the end of surgery.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:924–929.]
Stage 1 Type 3 Neovascularization With Choroidal Dilation Unresponsive to Anti-VEGF Treatment
Authors: Vujosevic Stela , Martini Ferdinando , Midena Edoardo
Published: October 2016

Type 3 neovascularization is considered to originate within the retina with subsequent expansion of the neovascular network into the subretinal space. Choroidal circulatory disturbances seem to have a role in Type 3 neovascularization development, but the exact pathophysiology is still under debate. Although eyes with Type 3 neovascularization usually have thinner choroid compared to normal eyes, the increased choroidal thickness associated with Type 3 neovascularization may be a prognostic factor for its recurrence. This case report documents stage 1 Type 3 neovascularization with dilated choroid showing poor response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, thus suggesting an active role of choroid in Type 3 lesions.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:956–959.]
Al Este de los Andes. Tomo II
Authors: Taylor Anne-Christine
Published: October 2016

Esta obra se propone superar la rígida división que suelen establecer los estudios americanistas entre las sociedades andinas y las sociedades de la selva amazónica. En el primer tomo, F. M. Renard-Caseritz y Th. Saignes analizan las relaciones de los grupos ubicados en las estribaciones orientales de los Andes, primero con los Incas y después con los Españoles, entre el siglo XV y el XVII.En el segundo tomo A.C. Taylor - Descola estudia la evolución de las sociedades del Este de Los Andes al Sur del Ecuador y Norte del Perú (especialmente los grupos jívaros) a lo largo de la misma época histórica.