bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential Complementary Role of Imaging with 68Ga[68Ga-RGD] PET and MRI in Recurrent Adult Glioma
Authors: Boshomane TMG Moshoeu , Kgatle Mankgopo M. , Joseph Febin , Padayachy Llewellyn , Bida Meshack , Vorster Mariza , Sathekge Mike machaba
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Imaging of low (LGG) to high (HGG) grade gliomas is conventionally performed with MRI, which is the non-invasive gold-standard imaging modality to derive data. Gliomas (Grade 1,2,3,4) are lethal and demonstate poor outcomes despite novel therapies.
Integrins compose of heterodimeric parasympathetic nervous system; the aVb3 (RGD i.e. Galacto-Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid) have been displayed as a potential biomarker that can be imaged via PET in order to trace the angiogenetic pathway. Gliomas are common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumours which are often pose a diagnostic challenge, even to stage and manage because of their heterogeneity in molecular aberrations. Several core mutational core hallmarks of gliomas are inducing/accessing vasculature, tumour promoting inflamation, polymorphic microbes and avoiding/resisting cell death; these ultimately lead to poor prognosis. In 2007, the classification of diffuse gliomas was based on the histopathology and subtype e.g. Pilocytic astrocytoma and low cell proliferation,
in 2016, the classification of diffuse gliomas was based on the IDH status, 1p/19q codeletion, subtype and grade; then in 2021, the IDH status (wild-type or mutant), molecular profile, subtype and grade were added in order to improve the classification of diffuse gliomas.
Imaging (MRI) techniques progress stalled despite the imperfections in MRI e.g distinguishing RN (radionecrosis) and PsP (Pseudoprogression) hence the exploration of PET probes that detect important hallmarks of gliomas e.g. techniques such as [68Ga]68Ga-RGD positron emission tomography (PET) to be utilised to assess vasculature. This case report aimed to determine the potential clinical utility of molecular imaging with 68Ga-RGD PET used in complementary to traditional MRI techniques.
Classical and Quantum Physical Reservoir Computing for Onboard Artificial Intelligence Systems: A Perspective
Authors: Abbas A. H. , Abdel-Ghani Hend , Maksymov Ivan S.
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems of autonomous systems such as drones, robots and self-driving cars may consume up to 50% of total power available onboard, thereby limiting the vehicle’s range of functions and considerably reducing the distance the vehicle can travel on a single charge. Next-generation onboard AI systems need an even higher power since they collect and process even larger amounts of data in real time. This problem cannot be solved using the traditional computing devices since they become more and more power-consuming. In this review article, we discuss the perspectives of development of onboard neuromorphic computers that mimic the operation of a biological brain using nonlinear-dynamical properties of natural physical environments surrounding autonomous vehicles. Previous research also demonstrated that quantum neuromorphic processors (QNPs) can conduct computations with the efficiency of a standard computer while consuming less than 1% of the onboard battery power. Since QNPs is a semi-classical technology, their technical simplicity and low, compared with quantum computers, cost make them ideally suitable for application in autonomous AI system. Providing a perspective view on the future progress in unconventional physical reservoir computing and surveying the outcomes of more than 200 interdisciplinary research works, this article will be of interest to a broad readership, including both students and experts in the fields of physics, engineering, quantum technologies and computing.
The impact of nuclear energy consumption and green technological innovation on the sustainable environment in the USA. The role of trade openness
Authors: Jóźwik Bartosz , Topcu Betül Altay , Doğan Mesut
Published: June 2024

Nuclear energy, along with renewable and alternative energy sources, is a crucial green energy source. However, the existing literature often overlooks the role of nuclear energy in achieving sustainable development goals. This study analyzes the impact of green technological innovation, nuclear energy consumption, and trade openness on environmental quality in the US, which consumed the most nuclear energy from 1990 to 2019. The ARDL bounds testing approach was applied for its effectiveness in smaller samples, suitable for the data set used in this study, to determine cointegration relationships. Additionally, the Toda-Yamamoto causality test was employed to explore causal links without requiring series stationarity or cointegration. The ARDL cointegration results indicate a significant long-term relationship between CO2 emissions, green technological innovation, nuclear energy consumption, and trade openness. The results suggest that promoting green technological innovation and nuclear energy (although this effect is less certain) can be effective strategies for reducing CO2 emissions, while the impact of trade openness requires careful consideration due to its potential to increase emissions. Green technological innovation has a significant unidirectional causal effect on CO2 emissions. These results will help policymakers design policies to achieve sustainable environmental goals in the US economy.
The Role and Criteria of Advanced Street Lighting to Enhance Urban Safety in South Korea
Authors: Kim Kwang Hoon , Hwang Taeyon , Kim Gon
Published: June 2024

Safety and the apprehension of crime persist as significant concerns in both urban and rural locales. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) guidelines, an architectural approach to crime deterrence, mitigate the likelihood of criminal activity by implementing strategic defensive design plans, particularly through effective lighting schemes within urban settings, thereby alleviating fear of crime. This comprehensive set of principles serves to enhance overall quality of life. Additionally, within the realm of environmental crime prevention, enhanced street lighting has been identified as a crucial factor in diminishing both actual crime rates and the perceived risk of criminal activity in built environments. While current recommendations advocate for the installation of lighting in poorly lit areas for safety reasons, evaluating visibility solely based on the presence of existing streetlights proves insufficient for analyzing road surface luminance comprehensively. Thus, this study proposes establishing standardized illumination levels specifically tailored for facial recognition of potential criminal offenders. Furthermore, we advocate for defining specific thresholds for color temperature and colorimetric criteria to aid in distinguishing characteristics of individuals' attire. To analyze photometric safety and crime frequency in Seoul, Korea, new primary evaluation indicators were developed, including the Brightness index, Informatization index, and Safety index. By incorporating quantitative data into lighting design strategies, particularly within the framework of CPTED, there exists the potential to mitigate fear of crime during nighttime hours. These strategies facilitate the creation of well-lit environments conducive to the swift recognition and identification of potential perpetrators, thereby presenting a proactive approach to crime prevention. Consequently, this study introduces quantitative lighting standards to augment the efficacy of CPTED guidelines, ultimately contributing to the reduction of crime incidence.
Innovation support reduces quiet quitting and improves innovative behavior and innovation outputs among nurses in Greece
Authors: Moisoglou Ioannis , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Prasini Ioanna , Gallos Parisis , Kalogeropoulou Maria , Galanis Petros
Published: June 2024

Innovation is a crucial issue in healthcare services since it can affect job-related variables such as productivity, satisfaction and burnout. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of innovation support on quiet quitting, innovative behavior and innovation outputs among nurses. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Greece during April 2024. We employed a convenience sample of nurses. We used the following instruments: (a) the Innovation Support Inventory (ISI) to measure innovation support, (b) the Quiet Quitting Scale (QQS) to measure quiet quitting, (c) the Innovative Behavior Inventory (IBI) to measure innovative behavior, and (d) the Innovation Outputs (IO) scale to measure innovation outputs. Our multivariable analysis identified a negative relationship between innovation support and quiet quitting. Moreover, we found that managerial support and cultural support improved several aspects of innovative behavior, such as idea generation, idea search, idea communication, implementation starting activities, involving others, and overcoming obstacles. Additionally, managerial support improved innovation outputs. Our findings suggested the positive impact of innovation support on quiet quitting, innovative behavior and innovation outputs among nurses. Organizations and nurses’ managers should establish an innovative working environment to improve nurses’ passion, motives and productivity.
A Feasibility Study of the RESP-8 Tool: Enhancing Pharmacist-Led Triage for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Teperikidis Eleftherios , Vitsos Andreas , Kokkini Angeliki , Fesatidou Maria , Apostolou Sophia , Sidiropoulou Anna , Evgenidis Dionysis , Ztriva Eleftheria , Myrou Athena , Kaiafa Georgia , Karlafti Eleni , Daios Stylianos , Tegos Thomas , Savopoulos Christos
Published: June 2024

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are a major public health concern due to their high incidence and potential for complications. Pharmacists often serve as the first point of contact for patients with URTIs. This study aims to develop and evaluate the RESP-8 tool to assist pharmacists in determining the need for medical evaluation. Methods: This prospective interventional cohort study was conducted over six months (October 2023 to March 2024) in community pharmacies. Participants included adults aged 18 years and older presenting with URTI symptoms. Pharmacists used the RESP-8 tool, which comprises eight criteria to assess the need for medical referral. Data on medical history, symptom duration, and progression were recorded. The primary outcome was the feasibility of implementing the RESP-8 tool. Secondary outcomes included the accuracy of the tool, the percentage of patients recommended for medical evaluation, and compliance with these recommendations. Results: A total of 64 participants were included, with an average age of 55.7 years. Pharmacists recommended medical evaluation for 75% (48/64) of patients using the RESP-8 tool. Among these, 70.83% (34/48) complied with the recommendation. The tool demonstrated high accuracy in identifying patients needing further medical evaluation, with only two noted errors. All compliant patients received appropriate treatment without complications. The tool was easy to implement, taking less than 5 minutes per patient. Discussion: The RESP-8 tool effectively guided pharmacists in recommending medical evaluations for URTI patients. The high compliance rate indicates patient trust in pharmacists' guidance. While the study's small sample size limits generalizability, the results are promising. Future studies with larger populations are necessary to validate these findings and further refine the tool. Conclusion: The RESP-8 tool shows potential in enhancing pharmacists' ability to make informed decisions about medical referrals for URTIs, ultimately improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare resource management.
IMPACT OF DYNAMIC HUMAN AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCE COST ON LOT SIZE OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Bányai Tamás
Published: June 2024

The design methods of production systems have evolved significantly in recent decades. New methods have emerged that are capable of determining the optimal parameters of production systems operating in increasingly complex environments. The two best known methods for lot sizing problems are the Wagner-Whitin algorithm and the Silver-Meal heuristics. The original versions of these two methods are only suitable for solving simple lot sizing problems, but there are several complex mutations of these methods that allow solving complex lot sizing problems. In the present research, the author presents a modified Wagner-Whitin algorithm that is suitable for solving the lot sizing problem and also for investigating the impact of dynamically changing resource costs. The proposed method is validated through case studies. The case studies demonstrate that the dynamic nature of cost of human resources and technological resources has a significant impact on the solution of lot sizing problems.
SCLEROCHRONOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF LIFE HISTORY AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE FROM MODERN AND EARLY PLEISTOCENE GLYCYMERIS AMERICANA (MOLLUSCA:BIVALVIA) OF THE U.S. EASTERN SEABOARD
Authors: JOHNSON ANDREW L.A. , SCHÖNE BERND R. , LENG MELANIE J. , BHATTACHARYA TRIPTI , MOSS DAVID K. , IVANY LINDA C. , DUFF RICHARD P.
Published: June 2024

Growth-increment and isotopic studies of shells of the marine bivalve Glycymeris americana are a potential source of information bearing on its life history and preferred environment over the late Cenozoic on the U.S. eastern seaboard. We demonstrate that the ages of shells can be determined from growth bands and ontogenetic profiles of oxygen isotope (δ18O) composition, and that shell aragonite is deposited in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with seawater, enabling calculation of ambient temperatures by means of a generic transfer function. Modern specimens from North Carolina rarely reach the large size commonly attained by modern forms from Florida and Early Pleistocene forms from both states, and modern populations from North Carolina probably include fewer old individuals, the most certain disparity being with Early Pleistocene populations from the state. The temporal change in age structure in North Carolina may be an effect of recent scallop trawling but earlier non-anthropogenic environmental change cannot be ruled out as the cause. Maximum and minimum temperatures calculated from the δ18O profiles of Early Pleistocene shells indicate a larger seasonal range than now in both Florida and North Carolina, due to cooler winters. This may reflect greater southward penetration of cool northern waters, with transport along the shelf supplemented by upwelling of water brought south at depth.
Theoretically-informed vs standard cover letter to improve participant response to mailed questionnaire: results of an embedded randomised retention trial
Authors: Everett Colin Charles , Brown Sarah T , Dennett Joanna L , Collier Howard , Davies Claire L , Game Frances , Nelson Andrea
Published: June 2024

Background Participant non-response is a source of bias in all research, especially in randomised controlled trials. Participants followed-up remotely can have high non-response rates. Four trials have been conducted of a cover letter with content informed by behaviour-change theory to overcome hypothesised barriers to responding to a mailed questionnaire. Pooled results to date have suggested further research to be worthwhile. We conducted an embedded randomised study within a trial of such cover letters in the hope that we would improve response rates to our postal quality of life questionnaires.
Methods 148 participants in the CODIFI2 diabetic foot ulcer sampling trial were randomised 1:1 to receive one of two different cover letters at follow-up visits: either a standard cover letter accompanying their postal follow-up questionnaires, or to an “enhanced” (theory-informed) cover letter. Questionnaires were mailed at 39, 52 and (for some participants) 104 weeks post randomisation. Outcome measures were response to mailing at each timepoint. Analysis was restricted to those for whom a questionnaire and letter was issued. Owing to limited recruitment, a reduced analysis plan, comprising solely observed response rates and 95% confidence intervals for difference in response rates was followed. Post hoc, we added our week 52 results to an already-published meta-analysis.
Results 67/74 enhanced cover letter group (Enhanced) and 67/74 standard cover letter group (Standard) participants who had not already died or withdrawn were sent their first mailing at 39 weeks. The 39-week response rates were, 70.1% (47/67) and 58.2% (39/67) for Enhanced and Standard participants, respectively. At week 52 the response rates were 70.3% (45/64) and 55.6% (35/63) for Enhanced and Standard participants, respectively. At week 104, the response rates were 72.7% (24/33) and 57.6% (19/33) for the Enhanced and Standard participants, respectively. Adding our week 52 results to a published meta-analysis increased the pooled estimate of differences in response rates to 0.04 (-0.01 to 0.09) favouring enhanced letters.
Conclusion While this embedded randomised trial observed greater response rates at all times among those randomised to the enhanced letter, the reduced trial sample size meant that these results are imprecise.
Trial registration: ISRCTN74929588, registered 5th March 2019.
Prognostic Value of Hyperlactatemia and Lactate Clearance in Septic Patients With Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Inci Kamil , Aygencel Gülbin , Gökçe Onur , Türkoğlu Melda , Kaynar Lale Aydın , Can Ferda , Yeğin Zeynep Arzu , Özkurt Zübeyde Nur , Yağcı Münci
Published: June 2024

Background:
The coexistence of sepsis and hematological malignancies increases patient vulnerability, revealing the need for precise prognostic markers. This study explores the prognostic significance of lactate levels and clearance in septic patients with hematological malignancies.
Material and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2016 to December 2019 in a tertiary hematological intensive care unit (ICU) included 167 adults with hematological malignancies and sepsis. The relationship between lactate levels, hyperlactatemia, lactate clearance, and ICU outcomes was investigated. ICU survivors and non-survivors were compared to identify the factors affecting ICU mortality.
Results:
Patients were primarily with lymphoma and acute leukemia (66%) and had frequent hyperlactatemia (64%) on ICU admission. ICU non-survivors demonstrated higher lactate levels and hyperlactatemia frequency at various time points (0, 6, and 12 hours) than survivors. Lactate clearance, however, did not differ significantly between the two groups. Invasive mechanical ventilation [OR (95% confidence interval-CI): 20.4 (2.4–79.8), p < 0.01], requirement of vasopressors [OR (95% CI): 5.6 (1.3–24.5), p < 0.01], Lactate level at the 6th hour [OR (95% CI): 1.51 (1.1–2.07), p = 0.01], and APACHE II score (OR (95% CI): 1.16 (1.01–1.34), p = 0.05) were independent risk factors for ICU mortality. The Area Under the Curve for APACHE II score and lactate level at the 6th hour were 0.774 (95% CI: 0.682–0.866) and 0.703 (95% CI: 0.602–0.804), respectively.
Conclusion:
While elevated lactate levels correlated with mortality rate and Lactate level at the 6th hour is an independent risk factor for mortality, the absence of a significant difference in lactate clearance challenges traditional assumptions. These results question the commonly accepted perspective regarding lactate dynamics in sepsis among individuals with hematological malignancies.
RETRACTED: Optimization of a Protocol for the High-Yield Isolation of Active Muscle Stem Cells from Bovine Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Authors: Lee Seung Tae , Lee Hyun , Jeon Yerin , Kim Keun cheon , Lee Young Jae , Namkung Ha Rin , Nam So Yeon , Kim Min Seong , Park Hee Ho
Published: June 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Resistance to Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and relationship with Fe and Zn content
Authors: Lamz Alexis , Santiago Roberto R. Ruiz , Jiménez María I. Gómez , Londono Luis Fernando , Bueno Juan Miguel , Olivas-Orozco Guadalupe I. , Corral Francisco J. Molina , Florido-Bacallao Marilyn , Delgado-Oramas Belkis Peteira
Published: June 2024

Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) is one of the main storage pests affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in tropical areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate resistance to Z. subfasciatus in common bean genotypes and its relationship with Fe and Zn content. For this purpose, resistance was evaluated of 63 genotypes, by means of: “no-choice experiments”, Fe and Zn mineral content was determined by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and correlation analyses were carried out to know the relationship between these variables. Commercial cultivars from Cuba were susceptible to the arthropod. The wild accessions from which the resistance originated and RAZ lines were resistant, associated with the presence of arcelin variants that confer resistance in the order Arc1 > Arc6 > Arc7 > Arc5 > Arc2. The Arc4 conferred intermediate resistance and Arc3 it didn't confer resistance to this insect. No relationship was detected between resistance to Z. subfasciatus and Fe and Zn content. These results constitute the first report of the absence of relationships between Z. subfasciatus resistance and Fe and Zn mineral content.
Microbial fertilizer and organic manure combined fertilization changes the rhizosphere bacterial community and carotenoids of Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Orah’
Authors: Huang Qichun , Zhou Wei , Zeng Zhikang , Wang Nina , Huang Yanxiao , Cheng Hao , Huang Quyan , Liu Jimin , Lu Fuping , Liao Huihong , Hu Chengxiao , Chen Dongkui , Wei Shaolong , Li Chaosheng , Qin Zelin
Published: June 2024

Background
Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Orah’ is one of the most widely grown citrus varieties in southern China. It has been proven that microbial fertilizer and organic manure combined fertilization could improve the yields and appearances of ‘Orah’ fruits. However, details regarding the mechanisms underlying the effects of combined fertilization on the agronomic traits and rhizosphere bacterial community of plants still need to be elucidated.
Results
This study compared the rhizosphere bacterial community and carotenoids of ‘Orah’ with (WYT group) and without (WYCK group) combined fertilization. The WYT group was sprayed with 50 ml Strongreen and 250 g of Yumeiren five times while WYCK group did not sprayed. Combined fertilization increased fruit weight and the Citrus color index (CCI) significantly (P < 0.05). By 16s rRNA sequencing, 7,126 operational taxonomic units (OTU) were obtained. A higher Shannon index was observed in the WYT group compared to that in the WYCK group. Comparison between the two groups showed that Pseudomonas was enriched in the WTY group, and Cyanobacteria was enriched in the WYCK group. At the family level, Phyllobacteriaceae was significantly abundant in the WTY group, whereas Thermosporothrix and Sphingobium were significantly abundant in the WYCK group. A total of 51 carotenoid components were tested using UPLC-MS/MS. In the pulp tissues, 37 carotenoid components were decreased in the WTY group compared to those in the WYCK group. In fruit skin, 24 significantly different components (7 downregulated and 17 upregulated) were identified in WTY compared to those in WYCK. Correlation analysis revealed that the network between OTUs and carotenoids contained seven carotenoid components and four OTUs. Four OTUs, strain TRA3-20 (a eubacterium), Roseiflexus, OPB35, and Fictibacillus contributed to carotenoid accumulation regulation in fruit skin.
Conclusions
By exploring the complex interactions between soil microbiota and fruit traits, our research has illuminated potential pathways through which these microbial communities influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids. In conclusion, this study provides valuable information regarding soil bacterial communities related to carotenoid accumulation in ‘Orah’.
Lower limb motion recognition based on surface electromyography decoding using S-transform energy concentration
Authors: Li Baoyu , Xu Guanghau , Pei Jinju , Luo Dan , Li Hui , Du Chenghang , Zhang Sicong
Published: June 2024

Lower limb motion recognition of based surface electromyography (EMG) aims to provide a more natural and effective human-computer interaction for intelligent prostheses. Accurate motion recognition relies on high-quality EMG decoding, and the key to improving the efficiency of EMG pattern recognition is to optimize signal feature extraction. The phase information of the EMG signal cannot be neglected for motion pattern recognition. Therefore, we proposed a decoding scheme for surface EMG signals based on S-transform energy concentration for lower limb motion recognition, including level walk, stair ascent, stair descent, and crossing obstacles. First, six-channel lower limb EMG signals of the 10 subjects during four kinds of movements were experimentally acquired, and the correlation of multi-channel EMG signals was analyzed to find the best combination of the EMG signal for exploring the classification effect based on the support vector machine (SVM) between single-channel signals and multi-channel signals fusion. The results showed that based on the simple time-frequency domain features with better motion recognition are the semi-tendon muscle and the rectus femoris muscle, and based on the S-transform energy concentration with better motion recognition is the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the rectus femoris muscle. Finally, taking the rectus femoris signal as an example, the motion recognition accuracy of 10 subjects under the two schemes was calculated. The mean value of motion recognition accuracy based on simple time-frequency domain features was 80.71%, and the mean value of motion recognition accuracy based on S-transformed energy concentration was 93.70%. It validated that the S-transform energy concentration scheme has a better recognition effect, and the accuracy of multi-channel signal fusion pattern recognition based on S-transform energy concentration is higher than 96%, which is beneficial to promote the practical application of EMG signals in motion recognition. It has the potential to improve the adaptive human-robot interaction control of the prosthesis.
Blockchain-based Access Control Protocol with collaborative authentication
Authors: Ci Limian , Zhang Liyuan , Wu Yonghong , Wiwatanapataphee Benchawan
Published: June 2024

In a complex and globalized business environment, cross-organizational cooperation has become increasingly important for enterprises, due to the growing need for information sharing. However, traditional access control models have limitations in the scenarios of cross-organizational cooperation scenarios without central leadership. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a decentralized access control framework with identity verification based on the blockchain technology and zero-knowledge proof. The access control protocol in the proposed access control framework integrates the role-based access control with the attribute-based access control, enabling our model to achieve more granular access control while requiring low computing resources. We implement the proposed access control protocol using smart contracts and apply it in a supply chain scenario to verify its feasibility. In addition, we analyze and evaluate the proposed protocol in terms of cost, running time, security and flexibility. For the limitation of no administrator rights brought by complete decentralization, we propose to use governance protocols to achieve high flexibility and scalability while maintaining the complete decentralization of the proposed framework.
The Pons as an Optimal Background Reference Region for Spinal 18F-FET PET/MRI Evaluation
Authors: Huang Jing , Wang Jiyuan , Cui Bixiao , Yang Hongwei , Tian Defeng , Ma Jie , Duan Wanru , Chen Zan , Lu Jie
Published: June 2024

Background
This study aims to evaluate the effect of various background reference regions on spinal 18F-FET PET imaging, with a focus on distinguishing between spinal tumors and myelitis. To enhance diagnostic accuracy, we investigated the pons and several other spinal cord area as potential references, given the challenges in interpreting spinal PET results.
Results
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 patients, 15 with cervical myelitis and 15 with cervical tumors, who underwent O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET/MR imaging. The stability of uptake across four regions, including the pons, C2, C2 ~ C7, and T1 ~ T3, was compared. The standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was then evaluated using various background regions, and their effectiveness in differentiating between spinal tumors and myelitis was compared. Additionally, we correlated the SUVR values derived from these regions with the Ki-67 proliferation index in tumor patients. The study found no significant difference in SUVmax (U = 110, p = 0.93) and SUVmean (U = 89, p = 0.35) values at lesion sites between myelitis and tumor patients. The pons had the highest average uptake (p < 0.001) compared to the other three regions. However, its coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly lower than that of the C2 ~ C7 (p < 0.0001) and T1 ~ T3 segments (p < 0.05). The SUVRmax values, calculated using the regions of pons, C2 ~ C7 and T1 ~ T3, were found to significantly differentiate between tumors and myelitis (p < 0.05). However, only the pons-based SUVRmean was able to significantly distinguish between the two groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the pons-based SUVRmax (r = 0.63, p = 0.013) and SUVRmean (r = 0.67, p = 0.007) demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the Ki-67 index.
Conclusions
This study suggests that the pons may be considered a suitable reference region for spinal 18F-FET PET imaging, which can improve the differentiation between spinal tumors and myelitis. The significant correlation between pons-based SUVR values and the Ki-67 index further highlights the potential of this approach in assessing tumor cell proliferation.
Demystifying Machine Learning Predictions: A Comparative Analysis with Explainable AI for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: S Jayanthi , Sithik K. M. Abubakkar , U U Balashivudu
Published: June 2024

Background
Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is crucial for personalized medicine and improved patient outcomes. Traditional methods often lack transparency, raising concerns about reliability. This study proposes developing interpretable Machine Learning (ML) models that leverage Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques. Vocal biomarkers from PD dataset are used to train these models for early PD prediction. This approach aims to empower healthcare professionals by providing insights into the "why" behind model predictions, fostering trust, and identifying potential voice biomarkers for PD.
Methods
We analyzed vocal features extracted from PD dataset, creating visualizations to uncover distribution patterns and relationships. We experimented with various ML algorithms, including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and AdaBoost, as well as established methods like Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). We incorporated a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) for non-linear modeling. XAI techniques such as SHAP and LIME were used to understand model predictions and build trust in their application.
Results
Ten-fold cross-validation ensured robust evaluation, with accuracy ranging from 0.95 to 1.0. AdaBoost emerged as the most efficient algorithm (accuracy: 100%, training time: 0.0036 seconds, prediction time: 0.0016), outperforming others. SVM (accuracy: 0.82) and KNN (accuracy: 0.85) showed lower accuracy and limitations in PD classification. MLP had good accuracy (around 0.87) but a lower AUC-ROC score. Notably, Random Forest demonstrated superiority on the test dataset. SHAP and LIME provided insights into model decisions, identifying specific vocal characteristics indicative of PD. Exploratory data analysis revealed significant differences in vocal features between PD patients and healthy controls, with features like jitter and shimmer showing strong positive correlations with PD status.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using XAI techniques to understand model reasoning, fostering trust and providing insights into potential voice biomarkers for PD. Employing a diverse range of machine learning algorithms ensures robust and accurate PD prediction. The findings highlight the importance of balancing model accuracy with interpretability, contributing to the development of more transparent and trustworthy diagnostic tools in clinical settings.
The relationship of heart rate variability measures with trait emotional intelligence in the presence of acute mental stress
Authors: GHORI SHAGUFTA , AFTAB MEHA FATIMA , ROY BEDANTA , HABIB NASRIN , SHENG ALEX LIM LIAN
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Emotional intelligence (EI) is essential for effective stress management and may influence cardiac responses. This study seeks to investigate the relationship between EI and heart rate variability (HRV) due to limited physiological data, contributing valuable insights into this unexplored connection and its potential impact on overall well-being.
Results:
In a study of 55 participants, mainly undergraduate students (45.5%) and single (70.9%), females constituted 56.4% of the sample. The highest well-being score was 5.187 (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76). One-way repeated measures ANOVA showed significant HRV differences across time points. Median HF at stress induction was 0.193 (IQR: 0.160–0.217), significantly decreasing from baseline (Z = -4.926, p < 0.001). LF/HF ratio increased at T2 (M = 0.579, p < 0.001), with SD2/SD1 ratio rising to 2.171. Pairwise comparisons indicated differences between baseline and stress induction (M = -0.018, p < 0.001), and stress induction and post-induction periods (M = 0.174, p = 0.032). SDNN correlated positively at T1 (r = 0.321, p = 0.020) and T3 (r = 0.280, p = 0.045). pNN50% correlated positively at T1 (r = 0.332, p = 0.020), while stress index showed negative correlations at T1 (r = -0.318, p = 0.023) and T3 (r = -0.337, p = 0.012). Sociability negatively correlated with HRV measures (r = -0.407, p = 0.002), indicating autonomic nervous system activity links.
Advanced Geoid Modeling in Sulawesi and Accuracy Verification Strategies for Accommodating Diverse MSL Vertical Datums
Authors: Shih Hsuan-Chang , Heliani Leni Sophia , Hsiao Yu-shen , Hwang Cheinway , Pahlevi Arisauna Maulidyan
Published: June 2024

This study aims to improve the accuracy of the geoid model in Sulawesi, which is crucial for converting GNSS-observed ellipsoid heights to orthometric heights. There are limitations of terrestrial gravity surveys in Indonesia due to its complex geography, so airborne gravity surveys were conducted from 2008 to 2019 through a collaboration between BIG, the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and the National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) gravity research team. The airborne gravity data currently cover almost the entire land area of ​​Indonesia. The geoid modeling process involved refining the EGM08-derived geoid heights by incorporating downward-continued airborne gravity data and RTM-derived geoid effects and adjusting the geometric geoid heights to accommodate variations in the mean sea levels observed in different GPS/leveling datasets. The study revealed that airborne gravity data significantly improved the accuracy of the geoid, achieving an impressive accuracy of approximately 0.04 cm. Additionally, this study examined the impacts of different global gravitational models (GGMs), such as EIGEN-6C4, GECO, XGM2019e, and SGG-UGM-2, on geoid modeling and revealed that differences arise from the different datasets used in the development process of the GGM. The modeling approach significantly improves the accuracy of the geoid from decimeter-level accuracy to centimeter-level accuracy. Accurate geoids are critical for infrastructure development, land-use planning, and resource management and play an integral role in supporting sustainable development goals (SDGs) by providing accurate spatial referencing, ensuring precise mapping, and offering location-based services.
β-mannanase-supplemented diets reduced by 85 kcal of metabolizable energy/kg containing xylanase promotes benefits in fecal alpha diversity in lactating sows
Authors: Lima Janaína Paolucci Sales , Engelsing Eliane Fátima Rocha , Genova Jansller Luiz , Martinelli Gabriela Luiza , Trenkel Andressa Luana Gorzelanski , Bickel Amanda Gabriela , Tillmann Aline Carolina , Azevedo Liliana Bury , Careli Pedro Silva , Carvalho Silvana Teixeira , Kipper Marcos , Eyng Cinthia , Carvalho Paulo Levi Oliveira
Published: June 2024

Enzyme-supplemented diets can influence the intestinal microbiome in an intricate interplay with the immune system. The effects of β-mannanase supplementation in metabolizable energy (ME)-reduced diets containing xylanase were investigated on cytokine profile and fecal microbiota in lactating sows (n = 60, 248.4 ± 2.4 kg) assigned in a randomized block design to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: a control diet containing xylanase (valorization of 40 kcal of ME/kg diet, CD40), CD40 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg, valorization of 45 kcal ME/kg diet, CD85), and CD40 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg, valorization of 60 kcal ME/kg diet, CD100). Serum cytokines concentrations were determined on day 18 of lactation. On day 21, fecal microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Sows on CD85 had higher alpha diversity richness than CD100 based on the Simpson index. Acutalibacteraceae family was more abundant in sows fed CD100 than CD85 but CAG-508 and NSJ_53 families exhibited higher abundance in sows fed CD85 than CD100. Fimenecus genus exhibited lower abundance in sows on CD85 compared to CD40 or CD100. In conclusion, a diet supplemented with β-mannanase reduced by 85 kcal/kg containing xylanase during lactation can inhibit harmful bacteria, leading to changes in fecal alpha diversity in sows.
Bose-Einstein condensation of an optical thermodynamic system into a solitonic state
Authors: Steinmeyer Günter , Zhang Jiaxuan , Fan Jintao , Mei Chao , Hu Minglie
Published: June 2024

Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in multimode fibers due to their intriguing physics and applications, with spatial beam self-cleaning (BSC) having received special attention. In BSC light condenses into the fundamental fiber mode at elevated intensities. Despite extensive efforts utilizing optical thermodynamics to explain such counterintuitive beam reshaping process, several challenges still remain in fully understanding underlying physics. Here we provide compelling experimental evidence that BSC in a dissipative dual-core fiber can be understood in full analogy to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in dilute gases. Being ruled by the identical Gross-Pitaevskii Equation, both systems feature a Townes soliton solution, for which we find further evidence by modal decomposition of our experimental data. Specifically, we observe that efficient BSC only sets in after an initial thermalization phase, causing converge towards a Townes beam profile once a threshold intensity has been surpassed. This process is akin to a transition from classical to quantum-mechanical thermodynamics in BEC. Furthermore, our analysis also identifies dissipative processes as a crucial, yet previously unidentified component for efficient BSC in multimode fiber. This discovery paves the way for unprecedented applications of multimode-fiber based systems in ultrafast lasers, communications, and fiber-based delivery of high-power laser beams.
Public Perceptions of Mineral Criticality and Preferences for Energy Transition Strategies in the US
Authors: Fikru Mahelet G , Koppera Sreeja
Published: June 2024

This study investigates public awareness and perceptions of critical minerals in the United States, using a nationally representative survey of 1,200 respondents. Results reveal that while familiarity with the term 'critical minerals' is relatively low (38%), there is a high level of awareness (over 80%) regarding the importance of minerals in clean energy technologies and the broader energy transition. When asked to provide an example of a mineral that needs attention at the national level, over one-fourth (N = 325) named lithium. Furthermore, survey respondents agreed with the need to give more attention to minerals used in high-tech and clean energy industries. When presented with alternative mineral strategies to shift from fossil to renewable energy sources successfully, the topmost preferred approaches were investing in mineral research and improving mining’s environmental impact, while domestic mining was the least preferred. Further analysis of survey responses using regressions reveals that people who perceive mineral criticality based on their importance for clean energy are likely to agree with multiple strategies while those who perceive criticality due to import dependency tend to agree with encouraging domestic mining. Meanwhile, individuals who believe that environmental impacts should govern criticality generally oppose domestic mining and support mineral recycling and improving mining’s environmental impacts. These results highlight how different perceptions of criticality can influence preferences for mineral strategies. The findings underscore the necessity of bridging any knowledge gaps and fostering public support for sustainable mineral extraction policies.
Pectus excavatum diagnosis redefined: A fully automatic tool for batch evaluation of chest computed tomography images
Authors: Fan Yu-Jiun , Ng Yuan , Tzeng I-Shiang , Hsu Yuan-Yu , Cheng Yeung-Leung , Zhou Jia-Hao
Published: June 2024

We aimed to implement a fully automatic computed tomography (CT) image-detection programming algorithm as a pectus excavatum (PE) diagnostic tool, facilitating comprehensive chest wall deformity evaluation. We developed our algorithm using MATLAB®, leveraging the Hounsfield unit threshold and region growing methods. The MATLAB graphical user interface enables the direct use of our program. We validated the model using CT images of anthropomorphic phantoms. The measurement values obtained by our algorithm demonstrated very small difference compared to known anthropomorphic phantom model data. For algorithm testing, 17,214 chest CT images of 57 patients were processed by algorithm and reviewed independently by a radiologist and a thoracic surgeon. The measurements of transverse, anteroposterior, and sternum-to-vertebral distance of the thoracic cavity, and the calculation data of four indices exhibited high positive correlation (0.94 ~ 0.99); asymmetry index and maximum anteroposterior hemithorax distance exhibited moderate correlation (0.40 ~ 0.83). Our automatic PE diagnostic tool demonstrated high accuracy; four chest wall deformity indices were obtained simultaneously without any initial manual marking, which correlated with manual measurements.
High-rise CLT Building Dynamical Properties Analysis and Monitoring from Construction to Operating Phase
Authors: Janot Dorian , Florent Vieux-Champagne , Philippe Gueguen , Clement Boudaud , Axel Jung
Published: June 2024

Driven by climate change and the quest for new low-carbon construction, there is an urgent need for full-scale, real-time observations in buildings to calibrate and validate behavior and design models. The science related to timber structure design could be improved by processing the vast amount of data on actual responses in real wooden buildings. One of the first tall (8-storey) timber buildings in France was equipped with four three components sensors for permanent instrumentation, from its construction phase through to operation, i.e., once the occupants had moved in. First, the modal analysis of the building was obtained using temporary network, then the modal parameters (frequency and damping) were monitored over several months to observe the dynamic response of this type of buildings. The results show a significant fluctuation in parameters as a function of increasing stiffness, but above all as a function of mass during the construction and moving in phases, due to the lightweight of this type of building compared with more conventional structures (e.g. reinforced concrete or masonry structures). Once the building was in full operation, significant variations appeared depending on weather conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed), with high sensitivity to wind, especially for damping, revealed by the nonlinear elasticity response observed. Finally, the amplitude of the vibrations was compared with the ISO10137 standard for admissible mechanical vibration, thus validating the design and opening new perspectives for a longer monitoring phase.
One-step drug transport across two membranes of Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Luisi Ben , Zhong Zhaojun , Maimaiti Tuerxunjiang , Gao Xueyan , Dong Rui , Jackson Matthew , Shang Wenyu , Jiang Hongnian , Guo Jinliang , Li Shangrong , Zhao Huimin , Ouyang Qing , Liu Huanjun , Chao Yanjie , Du Dijun
Published: June 2024

Transport of proteins and small molecules across the complex cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is crucial for their survival and interaction with their environment and is facilitated by specialized macromolecular machines that enable direct one-step or indirect two-step translocation of substrates. Major facilitator superfamily (MFS)-type tripartite efflux pumps and type I secretion systems likely employ a similar one-step mechanism for substrate transport across cell membranes, but the structural details remain elusive. A representative MFS-type tripartite efflux pump, EmrAB-TolC, mediates multidrug resistance through proton-coupled EmrB, a member of the DHA2 transporter family. Here, we demonstrate that the EmrAB-TolC pump confers resistance to clinical antibiotics, including polymyxin B and neomycin, and report the high-resolution (3.11 Å) structure of the pump, revealing a unique, asymmetric architecture emerging from the TolC:EmrA:EmrB ratio of 3:6:1. This structure identifies two critical subdomains, AssA and AssB, essential for pump assembly and key residues involved in pump assembly, drug recognition, proton translocation and coupling, which are corroborated by mutagenesis and antibiotic sensitivity assays. The delineation of the complete translocation pathway reveals the molecular mechanism for one-step drug transport process across the entire cell envelope.