bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Cryotherapy on Proprioception System
Authors: Furmanek Mariusz Paweł , Słomka Kajetan , Juras Grzegorz
Published: November 2014

Proprioception plays an important role in the complex mechanism of joint control. Contemporary sport activities impose extremely high physical demands on athletes. Winter sports are played in areas with excessively low temperatures. Moreover, many athletes are subjected to treatments that involve local lowering of the body temperature before, during, and after physical activity. This work reviews the current knowledge regarding the influence of local cryotherapy on the proprioception system. The reviewed literature identified several tests that evaluate different aspects of proprioception. There is no universally agreed protocol, or clear set of criteria for test conditions. The outcomes of different tests and assessments of cryotherapy procedures using different cold modalities are poorly correlated. In general, the published results on the mechanism of cryotherapy effects on proprioception are not uniquely conclusive and are frequently contradictory. Additional high-quality research is required to explicitly answer the following questions: (1) whether local cryotherapy influences all aspects of proprioception; (2) whether the current methods of evaluation are adequate for the exploration of the relationship between cryotherapy and proprioception; and (3) whether the application of local cryotherapy is safe for athletes regarding proprioception. The review clearly showed that there is no comprehensive model relating cryotherapy and proprioception.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Phenolic Compounds fromEpimedium brevicornumMaxim Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activities In Vitro
Authors: Zhao Yan , Hou Yingying , Tang Guosheng , Cai Enbo , Liu Shuangli , Yang He , Zhang Lianxue , Wang Shijie
Published: November 2014

The ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds fromEpimedium brevicornuMaxim was modeled using response surface methodology. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize three extraction variables, including ethanol concentration (X1), extraction time (X2), and ratio of aqueous ethanol to raw material (X3), for the achievement of high extraction yield of the phenolic compounds. The optimized conditions areX1of 50% (v/v),X2of 27.5 min, andX3of 250 mL/g. Under these conditions, the experimental yield is 4.29 ± 0.033%(n=3). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). And it indicates that the phenolic compounds fromEpimedium brevicornuMaxim possess significant antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis reveals that the main phenolic compound in the extract product was identified as gallic acid, catechin (Cianidanol), p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ferulaic acid, rutin, benzoic acid, and quercetin.
Incubation of MDCO-216 (ApoA-IMilano/POPC) with Human Serum Potentiates ABCA1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Capacity, Generates New Prebeta-1 HDL, and Causes an Increase in HDL Size
Authors: Kempen Herman J. , Schranz Dorota B. , Asztalos Bela F. , Otvos James , Jeyarajah Elias , Drazul-Schrader Denise , Collins Heidi L. , Adelman Steven J. , Wijngaard Peter L. J.
Published: November 2014

MDCO-216 is a complex of dimeric ApoA-IMilano and palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), previously shown to reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden. Here we studied the effect of incubation of human plasma or serum with MDCO-216 on cholesterol efflux capacity from J774 cells, on prebeta-1 high density lipoprotein (prebeta-1 HDL) and on HDL size assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). MDCO-216 incubated in buffer containing 4% human serum albumin stimulated both ABCA1-mediated efflux and ABCA1-independent cholesterol efflux from J774 macrophages. When incubated with human serum a dose- and time-dependent synergistic increase of the ABCA1-mediated efflux capacity were observed. Using a commercially available ELISA for prebeta-1 HDL, MDCO-216 as such was poorly detected (12–15% of nominal amount of protein). Prebeta-1 HDL was rapidly lost when human plasma alone is incubated at 37°C. In contrast, incubation of human plasma with MDCO-216 at 37°C produced a large amount of new prebeta-1 HDL. Native 2D electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting with an apoA-I antibody, which also detects ApoA-I Milano, confirmed the increase in prebeta-1 HDL upon incubation at 37°C. With the increase of prebeta-1 HDL, the concomitant disappearance of the small alpha-3 and alpha-4 HDL and MDCO-216 and an increase in the large alpha-1 and alpha-2 HDL were observed. Immunoblotting with Mab 17F3 specific for ApoA-I Milano showed the appearance of ApoA-I Milano in alpha-1 and alpha-2, but not in prebeta-1 HDL.1H-NMR analysis of plasma incubated with MDCO-216 confirmed rapid disappearance of small-sized HDL particles and increase of medium- and large-sized HDL particles accompanied with a decrease in total HDL particle number. In conclusion, incubation of human plasma or serum with MDCO-216 strongly enhanced ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, caused a strong increase of prebeta-1 HDL, and drastically changed the distribution of HDL subpopulations. Overall, the results are in line with the hypothesis that MDCO-216 fuses with small alpha-migrating HDL particles forming larger particles containing both apoA-I WT and ApoA-I Milano, meanwhile liberating the endogenous wild-type apoA-I which enriches prebeta-1 HDL subpopulation.
An Algorithm for Evaluation of Lightning Electromagnetic Fields at Different Distances with respect to Lightning Channel
Authors: Izadi Mahdi , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin , Hajikhani Maryam
Published: November 2014

The analytical field expressions are proposed to estimate the electromagnetic fields associated with vertical lightning channel at an observation point directly in the time domain using current and geometrical parameters. The proposed expressions embrace a large number of channel base current functions and widely used engineering current models. Moreover, they can be joined with different coupling models for evaluation of lightning induced voltage when they provide different required field components directly in the time domain. The data from measured fields and simulated fields from previous works were employed to validate the proposed field expressions. The simulated results were compatible with both computed field values from previous studies and the measured fields.
Multiobjective Scheduling of Remote-Area Employees with Minimum Cost of Transportation
Authors: Alfares Hesham K.
Published: November 2014

An integer programming model and optimal solution procedure are presented for assigning employees to the (10, 14) days-off schedule. This schedule is used by a large oil company to schedule employees in remote work locations. The primary objective is to minimize the total number of employees. Since employees are flown to their remote work sites, the company also aims to minimize transportation cost. Therefore, secondary objectives include (1) minimizing the number of active days-off work patterns, (2) consistently using the same set of active days-off patterns, (3) assigning work schedules fairly among employees, and (4) avoiding the use of specialized optimization solvers. A rotation schedule is used in which two scheduling rules are enforced: a minimum proportion of weekend days off needs to be given and a maximum limit on the number of successive workdays cannot be exceeded. Utilizing the problem structure, simple optimal procedures are developed to solve this unique complex scheduling problem.
Combination of 4-1BB Agonist and PD-1 Antagonist Promotes Antitumor Effector/Memory CD8 T Cells in a Poorly Immunogenic Tumor Model
Authors: Chen Shihao , Lee Li-Fen , Fisher Timothy S. , Jessen Bart , Elliott Mark , Evering Winston , Logronio Kathryn , Tu Guang Huan , Tsaparikos Konstantinos , Li Xiaoai , Wang Hui , Ying Chi , Xiong Mengli , VanArsdale Todd , Lin John C.
Published: November 2014

Immunotherapies targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1) coinhibitory receptor have shown great promise for a subset of patients with cancer. However, robust and safe combination therapies are still needed to bring the benefit of cancer immunotherapy to broader patient populations. To search for an optimal strategy of combinatorial immunotherapy, we have compared the antitumor activity of the anti–4-1BB/anti–PD-1 combination with that of the anti–PD-1/anti–LAG-3 combination in the poorly immunogenic B16F10 melanoma model. Pronounced tumor inhibition occurred only in animals receiving anti–PD-1 and anti–4-1BB concomitantly, while combining anti–PD-1 with anti–LAG-3 led to a modest degree of tumor suppression. The activity of the anti–4-1BB/anti–PD-1 combination was dependent on IFNγ and CD8+ T cells. Both 4-1BB and PD-1 proteins were elevated on the surface of CD8+ T cells by anti–4-1BB/anti–PD-1 cotreatment. In the tumor microenvironment, an effective antitumor immune response was induced as indicated by the increased CD8+/Treg ratio and the enrichment of genes such as Cd3e, Cd8a, Ifng, and Eomes. In the spleen, the combination treatment shaped the immune system to an effector/memory phenotype and increased the overall activity of tumor-specific CD8+ CTLs, reflecting a long-lasting systemic antitumor response. Furthermore, combination treatment in C57BL/6 mice showed no additional safety signals, and only minimally increased severity of the known toxicity relative to 4-1BB agonist alone. Therefore, in the absence of any cancer vaccine, anti–4-1BB/anti–PD-1 combination therapy is sufficient to elicit a robust antitumor effector/memory T-cell response in an aggressive tumor model and is therefore a candidate for combination trials in patients. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(2); 149–60. ©2014 AACR.
Designing for Movement Quality in Exergames: Lessons Learned from Observing Senior Citizens Playing Stepping Games
Authors: Skjæret Nina , Nawaz Ather , Ystmark Kristine , Dahl Yngve , Helbostad Jorunn L. , Svanæs Dag , Vereijken Beatrix
Published: November 2014

Background: Exergames are increasingly used as an exercise intervention to reduce fall risk in elderly. However, few exergames have been designed specifically for elderly, and we lack knowledge about the characteristics of the movements elicited by exergames and thereby about their potential to train functions important for fall risk reduction. Objective: This study investigates game elements and older players' movement characteristics during stepping exergames in order to inform exergame design for movement quality in the context of fall preventive exercise. Methods: Fourteen senior citizens (mean age 73 years ± 5.7, range 65 - 85) played 3 stepping exergames in a laboratory. Each of the exergames was described with respect to 7 game elements (physical space, sensing hardware technology, game graphics and sound, model of user, avatar/mapping of movements, game mechanism and game narrative). Five movement characteristics (weight shift; variation in step length, speed, and movement direction; visual independency) were scored on a 5-point Likert scale based on video observations of each player and each game. Disagreement between raters was resolved by agreement. Differences in scores for the 3 exergames were analyzed with a multivariate one-way ANOVA. Results: The Mole received the highest sum score and the best score on each of the 5 movement characteristics (all p values <0.0005). LightRace scored the lowest of the 3 exergames on weight shift and variation in movement direction (both p values <0.0005), while DanceDanceRevolution scored lowest on step length variation and visual independency (p < 0.03 and p < 0.0005, respectively), and lower than The Mole on speed variation (p < 0.05). The physical space players used when exergaming and the on-screen representation of the player, affected movement quality positively as indexed by multiple weight shifts and variation in stepping size, direction, and speed. Furthermore, players' movements improved when playing speed-affected game progression and when the game narrative was related to a natural context. Conclusion: Comparing differences in game elements with associated differences in game movement requirements provides valuable insights about how to design for movement quality in exergames. This provided important lessons for the design of exergames for fall-preventive exercise in senior citizens and illustrates the value of including analyses of movement characteristics when designing such exergames.
Analgesia for Early-Life Pain Prevents Deficits in Adult Anxiety and Stress in Rats
Authors: Victoria Nicole C. , Karom Mary C. , Murphy Anne Z.
Published: November 2014

Previous studies in rats have established that inflammatory pain experienced on the day of birth (P0) decreases sensitivity to acute noxious, anxiety- and stress-provoking stimuli. However, to date, the impact of early-life pain on adult responses to chronic stress is not known. Further, the ability of morphine, administered at the time of injury, to mitigate changes in adult behavioral and hormonal responses to acute or chronic stressors has not been examined. P0 male and female Sprague-Dawley rat pups were given an intraplantar injection of 1% carrageenan or handled in an identical manner in the presence or absence of morphine. As adults, rats that experienced early-life pain displayed decreased sensitivity to acute stressors, as indicated by increased time in the inner area of the Open Field, and increased latency to immobility and decreased time immobile in the Forced Swim Test (FST). An accelerated return of corticosterone to baseline was also observed. Morphine administration at the time of injury completely reversed this ‘hyporesponsive' phenotype. By contrast, following 7 days of chronic variable stress, injured animals displayed a ‘hyperresponsive' phenotype in that they initiated immobility and spent significantly more time immobile in the FST than controls. Responses to chronic stress were also rescued in animals that received morphine at the time of injury. These data suggest that analgesia for early-life pain prevents adult hyposensitivity to acute anxiety- and stress-provoking stimuli and increased vulnerability to chronic stress, and have important clinical implications for the management of pain in infants.
Metzenbaum-Assisted Liver Resection: A Safe and Effective Liver Resection Technique
Authors: Schwartz Myron E. , Miller Charles M. , Roayaie Sasan , Gomatos Ilias P. , Konstadoulakis Manousos M.
Published: November 2014

Aim: We hereby present and evaluate a technique for hepatic parenchymal transection based on the application of Metzenbaum scissors and clips during liver ischemia. Methods: Our technique was retrospectively evaluated in 32 noncirrhotic, noncholestatic patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 32 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (23 of whom cirrhotic, 71.9%). Patient data were retrieved from our Hepatobiliary Surgery Database. Type and duration of vascular clamping, blood transfusion requirements, marginal status and immediate postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: Twenty-seven extended (>4 liver segments; 42.2%) and 37 nonextended (≤4 liver segments; 57.8%) liver resections were analyzed. Warm liver ischemia duration was 14 (interquartile range: 11-17.8) min. Thirty-three patients (51.6%) were transfused with a median of 2 (1.5-3) units of packed red blood cells. Tumor-free margins were achieved in 90.6% of cases (n = 58). The overall morbidity rate was 18.8% with a 4.7% mortality rate. Our technique allowed for excellent identification and safe dissection and preservation, or ligation of major liver vessels. Conclusions: The proposed technique is simple, fast, safe and with low cost. It is associated with limited postoperative complications while from an oncologic standpoint it enables the surgeon to achieve a high percentage of tumor-free margins while protecting major vascular structures. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Symptom Profiles in Depersonalization and Anxiety Disorders: An Analysis of the Beck Anxiety Inventory
Authors: Nestler Steffen , Jay Emma-Louise , Sierra Mauricio , David Anthony S.
Published: November 2014

Background: Depersonalization disorder (DPD) entails distressing alterations in self-experiencing. However, it has long been recognized that depersonalisation symptoms occur in other disorders, particularly anxiety and panic. One strand of research proposes that depersonalization phenomenology arises through altered autonomic arousal in response to stress. Sampling and Methods: We sought to examine profiles of anxiety symptoms through a secondary data analysis of individual items and factor subscales on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), comparing two relatively large patient samples with DPD or with a variety of anxiety conditions, respectively. The DPD sample (n = 106) had a lower overall BAI score than the combined anxiety disorders group (n = 525). Results: After controlling for this as well as for potential confounders such as age and gender, the DPD group presented significantly lower scores on the panic subscale, marginally lower scores on the autonomic subscale and significantly higher scores on the neurophysiological subscale of the BAI. Conclusions: These differences imply similarities between the cognitive components of DPD and anxiety disorders while physiological experiences diverge. The findings encourage future research looking at direct physiological measures and longitudinal designs to confirm the mechanisms underlying different clinical manifestations of anxiety.
Postnatal Visual Deprivation in Rats Regulates Several Retinal Genes and Proteins, Including Differentiation-Associated Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
Authors: Prokosch-Willing Verena , Meyer zu Hoerste Melissa , Mertsch Sonja , Stupp Tobias , Thanos Solon
Published: November 2014

Little is known about the retinal cellular basis of amblyopia, which is a developmental disease characterized by impaired visual acuity. This study examined the retinal transcripts associated with experimentally induced unilateral amblyopia in rats. Surgical tarsorrhaphy of the eyelids on one side was performed in pups prior to eye opening at postnatal day 14, thereby preventing any visual experience. This condition was maintained for over 2 months, after which electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded, the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) arrangement and number were determined using neuroanatomical tracing, the retinal transcripts were studied using microarray analysis, regulated mRNAs were confirmed with quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR, and proteins were stained using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. An attenuated ERG was found in eyes that were deprived of visual experience. Retrograde neuroanatomical staining disclosed a larger number of RGCs within the retina on the visually deprived side compared to the non-deprived, control side, and a multilayered distribution of RGCs. At the retinomic level, several transcripts associated with retinal differentiation, such as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), were either up- or downregulated. Most of the transcripts could be verified at the mRNA level. To unravel the role of a differentiation-associated protein, we tested FGF-2 in dissociated postnatal retinal cell cultures and found that FGF-2 is a potent factor triggering ganglion cell differentiation. The data suggest that visual experience shapes the postnatal retinal differentiation, whereas visual deprivation induces changes at the functional, cellular and molecular levels within the retina.
BCR-ABL1+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clonal Selection of a BCR-ABL1- Subclone as a Cause of Refractory Disease with Nilotinib Treatment
Authors: Neuendorff Nina Rosa , Schwarz Michaela , Hemmati Philipp , Türkmen Seval , Bommer Christiane , Burmeister Thomas , Dörken Bernd , le Coutre Philipp , Arnold Renate , Westermann Jörg
Published: November 2014

The presence of a Philadelphia chromosome with a corresponding BCR-ABL1 rearrangement is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia, but is considered a very rare event in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we report the first case in which a dominant Philadelphia chromosome-positive subclone was detected upon relapse in a formerly Philadelphia chromosome-negative MLL-AF6+ AML. Due to refractory disease under salvage chemotherapy, the patient was started on nilotinib treatment. As a result, the Philadelphia chromosome-positive subclone was eradicated within 1 month; however, disease progressed and was again dominated by the Philadelphia chromosome-negative founding clone, demonstrating rapid clonal expansion under nilotinib-induced selection pressure. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Are There Any Connections between Language Deficits and Cognitive Slowing in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Schecker Michael , Kochler Carsten , Schmidtke Klaus , Rauh Reinhold
Published: November 2014

Background: Speech disorders already occur in the early phases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a possible cause, problems of executive processes are discussed. Cognitive slowing is also repeatedly addressed. Aims: Are there any connections between cognitive slowing and speech disorders in AD? And is there a relationship between cognitive slowing and executive processes? Methods: The data of 72 healthy controls and 52 AD patients were examined with regard to their language performance and their response times in a computerized Stroop paradigm. Results: The AD patients showed significantly worse results in all language tests as well as much longer reaction times in all Stroop conditions, especially in the interference condition (Stroop 3). Speech errors and response times correlated with severity (MMSE), and the speech errors correlated with the reaction times in Stroop 3 (interference condition, which reflects the processing time of executive processes). Conclusion: The most interesting question now is: How are language processing and executive processing time (Stroop 3) related?
Training in and Experience with Endobronchial Ultrasound
Authors: Bellinger Christina R. , Chatterjee Arjun B. , Adair Norman , Houle Tim , Khan Irtaza , Haponik Edward
Published: November 2014

Background: Diagnosing mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy and staging lung cancer with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) are on the rise, but uncertainty surrounds the optimal number of cases needed to achieve acceptable yields. Objectives: To determine the threshold at which EBUS-TBNA reaches adequate yields among trainees and skilled bronchoscopists. Methods: We reviewed all EBUS-TBNAs performed at our medical center since implementing the use of EBUS (n = 222). Results: EBUS-TBNAs were performed in 222 patients (344 nodes). The percentage of adequate specimens sampled (diagnostic specimens or nodal tissue) rose from 66% in 2008 to 90% in 2012 (p < 0.01) and cancer yield improved from 34% in 2008 to 48% in 2012 (p < 0.01). Attending physicians who performed an average of more than 10 procedures per year had higher yields compared to those who performed fewer than 10 procedures per year (86 vs. 68%, p < 0.01). The yield of trainees also improved with every 10 procedures (79, 90 and 95%, p < 0.001) and that of attending physicians with experience (1-25 procedures: 78% yield, 26-50 procedures: 87% yield and 50+ procedures: 90% yield; p < 0.01). Among trainees, failure rates declined steadily. Conclusion: EBUS-TBNA yield (malignant and benign) increases with increasing experience amongst experienced bronchoscopists and trainees as early as the first 20-25 procedures. Pulmonary trainees had a rapid decline in failure rates. These findings suggest that in an academic environment a minimum of 20-25 procedures is needed to achieve acceptable yields.
Rodent Models and Imaging Techniques to Study Liver Regeneration
Authors: Wei Weiwei , Dirsch Olaf , Lawson Mclean Anna , Zafarnia Sara , Schwier Michael , Dahmen Uta
Published: November 2014

The liver has the unique capability of regeneration from various injuries. Different animal models and in vitro methods are used for studying the processes and mechanisms of liver regeneration. Animal models were established either by administration of hepatotoxic chemicals or by surgical approach. The administration of hepatotoxic chemicals results in the death of liver cells and in subsequent hepatic regeneration and tissue repair. Surgery includes partial hepatectomy and portal vein occlusion or diversion: hepatectomy leads to compensatory regeneration of the remnant liver lobe, whereas portal vein occlusion leads to atrophy of the ipsilateral lobe and to compensatory regeneration of the contralateral lobe. Adaptation of modern radiological imaging technologies to the small size of rodents made the visualization of rodent intrahepatic vascular anatomy possible. Advanced knowledge of the detailed intrahepatic 3D anatomy enabled the establishment of refined surgical techniques. The same technology allows the visualization of hepatic vascular regeneration. The development of modern histological image analysis tools improved the quantitative assessment of hepatic regeneration. Novel image analysis tools enable us to quantify reliably and reproducibly the proliferative rate of hepatocytes using whole-slide scans, thus reducing the sampling error. In this review, the refined rodent models and the newly developed imaging technology to study liver regeneration are summarized. This summary helps to integrate the current knowledge of liver regeneration and promises an enormous increase in hepatological knowledge in the near future. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Expect the Unexpected: A Case of Isolated Eosinophilic Meningitis in Toxocariasis
Authors: Sick Christian , Hennerici Michael G.
Published: November 2014

We present the case of a young police officer suffering from headache without other neurological symptoms caused by isolated eosinophilic meningitis, which resulted from an infection with Toxocara cati, along with a discussion of the differential diagnosis.
Association of Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia in Bilateral Anterior Uveitis
Authors: Fujimoto Kaori , Hiraoka Miki , Inatomi Shuichiro , Ohguro Hiroshi
Published: November 2014

Two female patients with histories of cancer who showed cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) complications and bilateral anterior uveitis with hypopyon were examined. Both patients had suffered from COP and received intermitted systemic corticosteroid administration (SCA). The first patient, a 65-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer, showed bilateral uveitis with hypopyon. The topical corticosteroid treatment was ineffective. After SCA for the treatment of COP was started, the hypopyon gradually dissipated. Upon termination of SCA, uveitis relapses were controlled by renewed SCA. The other patient, a 69-year-old woman with a history of ovarian cancer, showed bilateral anterior uveitis with hypopyon. Her intraocular outcome did not improve by the topical corticosteroid administration, but SCA that was applied to treat COP led to remission of uveitis. Imaging examinations, biochemical analysis, symptoms or HLA-B27 antigen screenings in either patient did not explain the development of uveitis. Bilateral anterior uveitis is commonly related to autoimmune disease or systemic syndrome. We report two cases with COP that developed bilateral anterior uveitis with hypopyon resistant to topical administration but responsive to systemic administration of corticosteroid. These findings suggest that COP can be associated with the etiology of anterior uveitis.
Mind the Sump! - Diagnostic Challenge of a Rare Complication of Choledochoduodenostomy
Authors: Zeuge Ulf , Fehr Martin , Meyenberger Christa , Sulz Michael Christian
Published: November 2014

Sump syndrome is a rare long-term complication of side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy (CDD), a common surgical procedure in patients with biliary tract disease in the era before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Frequently only pneumobilia, serving as sign for functioning biliary-enteric anastomosis, is reminiscent of the former surgery. We present the case of an 81-year-old patient with sump syndrome who presented with clinical signs of ascending cholangitis, decades after the initial CDD procedure. Finally the detailed medical history that was taken very thoroughly in combination with the presence of pneumobilia led to the suspicion of sump syndrome. Sump syndrome was diagnosed by ERCP, and after endoscopic debris extraction and antibiotic treatment the patient recovered quickly. In the ERCP era little is known about CDD and its long-term complications, especially by young colleagues and trainees. Therefore this report provides an excellent opportunity to refresh the knowledge and raise awareness for this syndrome.
Payments for Acute Myocardial Infarction Episodes-of-Care Initiated at Hospitals With and Without Interventional Capabilities
Authors: Ben-Josef Gal , Ott Lesli S. , Spivack Steven B. , Wang Changqin , Ross Joseph S. , Shah Sachin J. , Curtis Jeptha P. , Kim Nancy , Krumholz Harlan M. , Bernheim Susannah M.
Published: November 2014

Background—

It is unknown whether hospitals with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capability provide costlier care than hospitals without PCI capability for patients with acute myocardial infarction. The growing number of PCI hospitals and higher rate of PCI use may result in higher costs for episodes-of-care initiated at PCI hospitals. However, higher rates of transfers and postacute care procedures may result in higher costs for episodes-of-care initiated at non-PCI hospitals.

Methods and Results—

We identified all 2008 acute myocardial infarction admissions among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries by principal discharge diagnosis and classified hospitals as PCI- or non-PCI-capable on the basis of hospitals’ 2007 PCI performance. We added all payments from admission through 30 days postadmission, including payments to hospitals other than the admitting hospital. We calculated and compared risk-standardized payment for PCI and non-PCI hospitals using 2-level hierarchical generalized linear models, adjusting for patient demographics and clinical characteristics. PCI hospitals had a higher mean 30-day risk-standardized payment than non-PCI hospitals (PCI, $20 340; non-PCI, $19 713;
P
<0.001). Patients presenting to PCI hospitals had higher PCI rates (39.2% versus 13.2%;
P
<0.001) and higher coronary artery bypass graft rates (9.5% versus 4.4%;
P
<0.001) during index admissions, lower transfer rates (2.2% versus 25.4%;
P
<0.001), and lower revascularization rates within 30 days (0.15% versus 0.27%;
P
<0.0001) than those presenting to non-PCI hospitals.

Conclusions—

Despite higher PCI and coronary artery bypass graft rates for Medicare patients initially presenting to PCI hospitals, PCI hospitals were only $627 costlier than non-PCI hospitals for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction in 2008.
Grading and Interpretation of White Matter Hyperintensities Using Statistical Maps
Authors: Ryu Wi-Sun , Woo Sung-Ho , Schellingerhout Dawid , Chung Moo K. , Kim Chi Kyung , Jang Min Uk , Park Kyoung-Jong , Hong Keun-Sik , Jeong Sang-Wuk , Na Jeong-Yong , Cho Ki-Hyun , Kim Joon-Tae , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon-Ku , Lee Jun , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Lee Soo Joo , Ko Youngchai , Cho Yong-Jin , Lee Byung-Chul , Yu Kyung-Ho , Oh Mi-Sun , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Kyung Bok , Park Tai Hwan , Lee Juneyoung , Choi Heung-Kook , Lee Kiwon , Bae Hee-Joon , Kim Dong-Eog
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—

We aimed to generate rigorous graphical and statistical reference data based on volumetric measurements for assessing the relative severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients with stroke.

Methods—

We prospectively mapped WMHs from 2699 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke (mean age=66.8±13.0 years) enrolled consecutively from 11 nationwide stroke centers, from patient (fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery) MRIs onto a standard brain template set. Using multivariable analyses, we assessed the impact of major (age/hypertension) and minor risk factors on WMH variability.

Results—

We have produced a large reference data library showing the location and quantity of WMHs as topographical frequency-volume maps. This easy-to-use graphical reference data set allows the quantitative estimation of the severity of WMH as a percentile rank score. For all patients (median age=69 years), multivariable analysis showed that age, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy were independently associated with increasing WMH (0–9.4%, median=0.6%, of the measured brain volume). For younger (≤69) hypertensives (n=819), age and left ventricular hypertrophy were positively associated with WMH. For older (≥70) hypertensives (n=944), age and cholesterol had positive relationships with WMH, whereas diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation had negative relationships with WMH. For younger nonhypertensives (n=578), age and diabetes mellitus were positively related to WMH. For older nonhypertensives (n=328), only age was positively associated with WMH.

Conclusions—

We have generated a novel graphical WMH grading (Kim statistical WMH scoring) system, correlated to risk factors and adjusted for age/hypertension. Further studies are required to confirm whether the combined data set allows grading of WMH burden in individual patients and a tailored patient-specific interpretation in ischemic stroke-related clinical practice.
Taking Responsibility for Multiple Churches: A Study in Burnout among Anglican Clergywomen in England
Authors: Robbins Mandy , Francis Leslie J.
Published: November 2014

A major consequence of changing cultures for Anglican clergy serving in the established Church of England (reflected in declining congregations, stretched financial resources, and falling vocations to the priesthood) is seen in the process of pastoral reorganisation that now requires individual clergy to have oversight of a growing number of churches. This is especially the case in rural areas where individual clergy may now be responsible for seven or more churches. Drawing on data provided by 867 clergywomen serving in stipendiary ministry in the Church of England, the present study examines the association between the number of churches and levels of burnout reported among the clergy, after taking into account personal factors (like age), psychological factors (like personality), theological factors (like church tradition) and other contextual factors (like rurality). Employing the balanced affect model of work-related psychological health operationalised through the Francis Burnout Inventory, the data demonstrated a small significant inverse association between the number of churches and positive affect (satisfaction in ministry), but no association with negative affect (emotional exhaustion). Overall, however, the variance accounted for by the number of churches was trivial in comparison with the variance accounted for by psychological factors.
Two new species of asterinaceous fungi from Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Bhise Mahendra Ramesh , PATIL C.R. , SALUNKHE C.B.
Published: November 2014

The black mildews from Mahabaleshwar are under exploration, among which two species of Asterinaceous fungi occurring on Syzygium spp. (Myrtaceae) are found to be new. These species, viz. Asterina myrtacearum sp. nov. and Lembosia mahabaleshwarensis sp. nov. are reported in this paper. The detail morphological description, colour photographs, line drawings and discussions are provided here for each species.
Notes on the distribution of and the occurrence of asymmetrical underleaves associated with left-right symmetry in Mastigolejeunea virens (Ångstr.) Steph. (Lejeuneaceae).
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhu Rui-Liang
Published: November 2014

Mastigolejeunea (Spruce 1884: 100) Stephani (1889: 257) is a pantropical genus with 16 extant species (Sukkharak & Gradstein 2014a). The centre of diversity is Southeast Asia with 10 species occurring in the region. This genus is very similar to Thysananthus Lindenb. in Lehmann (1844: 24) and the two genera can be separated by the presence of an entire perianth in Mastigolejeunea and toothed in Thysananthus (Sukkharak 2014; Sukkharak & Gradstein 2014a). Three species, M. humilis (Gottsche in Gottsche et al. 1845: 299) Schiffner (1893: 129), M. indica Stephani (1912: 776) and M. repleta (Taylor 1846: 392) Evans (1902: 131), have so far been reported in China (He 1997; Mizutani 1986; Piippo 1990). In the course of our studies on Chinese Ptychanthoideae Mizutani (1961: 146), we found a new record of M. virens (Ångström 1873: 131) Stephani (1912: 776) for the ptychanthoid flora of China. Mastigolejeunea virens has been reported from Australia, Indomalesia, Seychelles and the tropical Pacific region (Sukkharak & Gradstein 2014a). We report the species here for Hainan, China, which is its northernmost locality. In addition, we newly report the occurrence of asymmetrical underleaves associated with left-right symmetry in M. virens based on our study of specimens collected in China and Thailand.
Taxonomic revision of the Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda, Heligmonellidae) arasitic in Oriental Muridae. The genus Paraheligmonelloides Fukumoto, Kamiya & Suzuki, 1980
Authors: DIGIANI MARIA CELINA , DURETTE-DESSET MARIE-CLAUDE
Published: November 2014

The genus Paraheligmonelloides Fukumoto, Kamiya and Suzuki, 1980 (Nippostrongylinae) is revised and split into four genera, mainly based on characters of the synlophe not previously considered at the supraspecific level. These characters mainly include the homology of the left ridge with ridge 1’, the relative size of the right ridge to the left ridge and to ridge 1’ and the distribution of the largest ridges. Paraheligmonelloides sensu stricto, characterized by the homology of the left ridge with ridge 1’, contains only the type species, Paraheligmonelloides kenyensis Fukumoto, Kamiya and Suzuki, 1980, parasitic in a lagomorph from Kenya. Krishnasamyos n. gen., characterized by ridge 1’ forming a comarete, two minute left ventral ridges and ridge 1 larger than other dorsal ridges, only includes the species Krishnasamyos triangulus n. comb., parasitic in Malaysian murids. Hughjonestrongylus n. gen., characterized by numerous ridges markedly unequal in size, with the largest ridges grouped in relation to the lateral fields, includes Hughjonestrongylus ennisae n. comb., Hughjonestrongylus amplicaudae n. comb., Hughjonestrongylus mirzai n. comb., and Hughjonestrongylus singauwaensis n. comb., all parasitic in murids from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Syafruddinema n. gen., characterized by ridge 1 as long as other dorsal ridges and a gap associated with the left lateral field, between ridges 2’ and 3’, includes Syafruddinema paruromyos n. comb., Syafruddinema annandalei n. comb., and Syafruddinema eropeplios n. comb., parasitic in murids from Malaysia and Indonesia. A key to the proposed genera is provided.
Developmental Trajectories of (Cyber)Bullying Perpetration and Social Intelligence During Early Adolescence
Authors: Pabian Sara , Vandebosch Heidi
Published: November 2014

The purpose of the present study is to examine bullying perpetration and social intelligence (SI), which is a sociocognitive characteristic that has been proposed as a possible regulator of traditional and cyberbullying. We compared SI for perpetrators and nonperpetrators of traditional bullying and/or cyberbullying and examined longitudinal associations. A four-wave panel study with 6-month time intervals was conducted among 1,103 adolescents. Latent class analysis was used to examine developmental trajectories of bullying across 2 years. Four profiles of adolescents were found: nonstop traditional bullies, (traditional and cyber) bullies with decreasing perpetration, (traditional and cyber) bullies with increasing perpetration, and noninvolved. No separate nonstop cyberbullying class was found. In a next step, latent growth curves of SI were calculated for each profile. Nonstop traditional bullies had the lowest levels of SI and their level remained low. Further implications of these results for prevention and intervention, and for research are discussed.
The Power of One or Power in Numbers?
Authors: Cook Alison , Glass Christy
Published: November 2014

This study analyzes the impact of racial/ethnic minority leaders on equity and diversity policies. Previous research finds that minority leaders are associated with reduced inequality, yet the ways in which these leaders impact organizational policies are understudied. Our analysis relies on a unique dataset of corporate practices, CEO race/ethnicity, and board member race/ethnicity in Fortune 500 firms from 2001 to 2010. The authors find that while minority CEOs have minimal impact on equity policies, diverse boards are significantly associated with equitable practices. They conclude that board diversity is critical for shaping corporate practice related to equity and diversity.
Pregnancy and Body Image
Authors: Sohn MyungHee , Bye Elizabeth
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate pregnant women’s maternity clothing practices in relation to their body image. The study’s participants were 137 women in the second or third trimester of their pregnancy. They were selected because maternity garments are required to accommodate changes in the body from the second trimester of pregnancy. They completed a questionnaire including their perception of body shape changes during pregnancy, body satisfaction, appearance evaluation, appearance orientation, and clothing functions. It was found that maternity clothing was worn primarily for comfort and assurance by pregnant women, not for camouflage. The results suggest that pregnant women are likely to be satisfied with their pregnant body, and their body image is a determinant of how they manage their physical appearance and self-presentation.
Breastfeeding and Delivery Room Neonatal Collapse
Authors: Friedman Frederick , Adrouche-Amrani Lynda , Holzman Ian R.
Published: November 2014

Sudden unexpected neonatal collapse in the delivery room is a rare occurrence in healthy term infants. Upper airway obstruction may occur from improper positioning of the newborn even while breastfeeding. Such occlusion may have dire consequences if not recognized immediately. We report 2 healthy term neonates who suffered respiratory arrest while in the mother’s arms and attempting breastfeeding. In each case, rapid response by the delivery room nurse averted tragedy. Metabolic and infectious evaluations were unremarkable. Both babies have been well on subsequent examinations. We conclude that proper education of mothers and safe positioning of neonates is critical during the initiation of breastfeeding.
How Do Online Citizens Persuade Fellow Voters? Using Twitter During the 2012 Dutch Parliamentary Election Campaign
Authors: Hosch-Dayican Bengü , Amrit Chintan , Aarts Kees , Dassen Adrie
Published: November 2014

This article explores how Twitter was used by voters to participate in electoral campaigning during the Dutch election campaign of 2012. New social media networks like Twitter are believed to be efficient tools of communication between electoral candidates and voters during electoral campaign periods. Yet only few studies have been conducted so far to discover in what way the content of online discussions is being used for campaigning. In particular, there have been very few studies of electoral campaigning, which study the content of the social media messages sent by citizens. In order to understand the extent to which citizens utilize Twitter in different forms of electoral campaigning—that is, persuading followers about voting for a particular party or to conduct negative campaigning, we conducted an automated content analysis of a large corpus of tweets collected during the Dutch parliamentary election campaign of 2012. Our findings show that citizens participate significantly in online electoral campaigning on Twitter, whereas they differ from professional users in the style of campaigning. Persuasive campaigning is observed to a lesser extent among citizens than among politicians, while citizens more commonly use negative campaigning. Moreover, qualitative content analysis of campaigning tweets by citizens has revealed that expressions of emotions and opinions make up a large majority of negative tweets, indicating that citizens regard Twitter more as an outlet for expressing discontent than as a medium for negative campaigning.
Bundles of Norms About Teen Sex and Pregnancy
Authors: Mollborn Stefanie , Sennott Christie
Published: November 2014

Teen pregnancy is a cultural battleground in struggles over morality, education, and family. At its heart are norms about teen sex, contraception, pregnancy, and abortion. Analyzing 57 interviews with college students, we found that “bundles” of related norms shaped the messages teens hear. Teens did not think their communities encouraged teen sex or pregnancy, but normative messages differed greatly, with either moral or practical rationalizations. Teens readily identified multiple norms intended to regulate teen sex, contraception, abortion, childbearing, and the sanctioning of teen parents. Beyond influencing teens’ behavior, norms shaped teenagers’ public portrayals and post hoc justifications of their behavior. Although norm bundles are complex to measure, participants could summarize them succinctly. These bundles and their conflicting behavioral prescriptions create space for human agency in negotiating normative pressures. The norm bundles concept has implications for teen pregnancy prevention policies and can help revitalize social norms for understanding health behaviors.
Listening to Paulo Freire
Authors: Johnson-Mardones Daniel F.
Published: November 2014

This piece draws on Freire’s work and the experience of reading it in order to elaborate some working ideas to be developed as a rereading of Paulo Freire’s scholarship as a whole. The point of view is grounded in my being a Latin American studying my PhD in the United States; looking backward, making sense of the present, hoping for a better future. It also intends to initiate both a personal and collective conversation.