bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HMGA2 and Bach‐1 cooperate to promote breast cancer cell malignancy
Authors: Mansoori Behzad , Mohammadi Ali , Asadzadeh Zahra , Shirjang Solmaz , Minouei Mahsa , Abedi Gaballu Fereydoon , Shajari Neda , Kazemi Tohid , Gjerstorff Morten F. , Duijf Pascal H.G. , Baradaran Behzad
Published: March 2019

During breast cancer progression, tumor cells acquire multiple malignant features. The transcription factors and cell cycle regulators high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) and BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach‐1) are overexpressed in several cancers, but the mechanistic understanding of how HMGA2 and Bach‐1 promote cancer development has been limited. We found that HMGA2 and Bach‐1 are overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and their expression correlates positively in tumors but not in normal tissues. Individual HMGA2 or Bach‐1 knockdown downregulates expression of both proteins, suggesting a mutual stabilizing effect between the two proteins. Importantly, combined HMGA2 and Bach‐1 knockdown additively decrease cell proliferation, migration, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, and colony formation, while promoting apoptotic cell death via upregulation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9. First the first time, we show that HMGA2 and Bach‐1 overexpression in tumors correlate positively and that the proteins cooperatively suppress a broad range of malignant cellular properties, such as proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and evasion of apoptotic cell death. Thus, our observations suggest that combined targeting of HMGA2 and Bach1 may be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat breast cancer.
Junctophilins emerge as novel therapeutic targets
Authors: Jiang Jinyong , Tang Mingzhu , Huang Zhen , Chen Linxi
Published: March 2019

Junctophilins (JPs) emerge to play key role in human pathophysiology. This family includes four subtypes (JP1–4), which are differentially detected in excitable cells. Previous work demonstrated the knockout of JPs that seriously damage physiological functions in skeletal muscle, cardiac, and neurons. Here, we summarize latest papers on the essential function of JPs in some Ca2+‐related diseases and neurological diseases, such as primary muscle disease, cardiomyopathies, Type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal cancer, Huntington’s disease‐like 2, and Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease. Growing evidence suggests that targeting JPs might be a promising therapeutic approach to achieve better clinical efficacy in Ca
2+‐related diseases and neurological diseases.
Metabolic effects of antidiabetic drugs on adipocytes and adipokine expression
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Simental‐Mendía Luis E. , Barreto George E. , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: March 2019

Several classes of antidiabetic agents have been developed that achieve their hypoglycemic outcomes via various molecular mechanisms. Adipose tissue is a major metabolic and energy‐storing tissue and plays an important role in many metabolic pathways, including insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue monitors and regulates whole body homeostasis via production and release of potent proteins, such as adipokine and adiponectin, into the circulation. Therefore, any agent that can modulate adipocyte metabolism can, in turn, affect metabolic and glucose homeostatic pathways. Antidiabetic drugs are not only recognized primarily as hypoglycemic agents but may also alter adipose tissue itself, as well as adipocyte‐derived adipokine expression and secretion. In the current review, we present the major evidence concerning routinely used antidiabetic agents on adipocyte metabolism and adipokine expression.
Altered gene expression of hydrogen sulfide‐producing enzymes in the liver and muscles tissues of hyperthyroid rats
Authors: Jeddi Sajad , Gholami Hanieh , Gheibi Sevda , Kashfi Khosrow , Ghasemi Asghar
Published: March 2019

Thyroid hormones have a role in the regulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biosynthesis. In this study, we determined the effects of hyperthyroidism on H2S levels in various tissues and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cystathionine‐β‐synthase (CBS), cystathionine‐γ‐lyase (CSE), and 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3‐MST) in the liver and muscles of the rat. Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided into the hyperthyroid and the control groups. Hyperthyroidism was induced by adding l‐thyroxine (12 mg/L) to drinking water for a period of 21 days. H2S concentrations in serum, liver, aorta, heart, and soleus muscles, as well as mRNA expressions of CBS, CSE, and 3‐MST in these tissues were measured at Day 21. Hyperthyroid rats had lower H2S levels in the serum compared with controls (14.7 ± 1.4 vs. 25.7 ± 1.6 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Compared with controls, hyperthyroid rats had lower levels of H2S in the aorta (89%), heart (80%), and soleus (103%) muscles, but higher levels in the liver (35%). Hyperthyroidism decreased the ratio of CBS/CSE mRNA expression in the liver and the CSE/CBS mRNA expression in the muscles by decreasing CBS levels in liver (34% cf. controls) and CSE levels in the aorta, heart, and soleus muscles (respectively, 51%, 7%, and 52% cf.). In addition, hyperthyroidism decreased the mRNA expression of 3‐MST in the liver (51%) and aorta (33%), and increased it in the heart (300%) and soleus muscle (182%). In conclusion, hyperthyroidism increased H2S levels in the liver and decreased it in muscles; these effects are at least in part due to increases and decreases in expression of CSE in the liver and muscles, respectively. These data indicate an association between thyroid hormone status and gene expression of the H2S‐producing enzymes in the rat.
High cholesterol inhibits tendon‐related gene expressions in tendon‐derived stem cells through reactive oxygen species‐activated nuclear factor‐κB signaling
Authors: Li Kaiqun , Deng Ganming , Deng Ye , Chen Siwei , Wu Hangtian , Cheng Caiyu , Zhang Xianrong , Yu Bin , Zhang Kairui
Published: March 2019

Clinical studies have indicated that increased serum cholesterol levels raised the risk of tendinopathy in hypercholesterolemia, but the effect of cholesterol on tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) and its underlying mechanism have not been studied. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between cholesterol and tendinopathy in vitro and in vivo, and its underlying molecular mechanism as well. In TDSCs, the effect of cholesterol was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected, using flow cytometry. The link between nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling and the effect of cholesterol was evaluated using a representative IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor, BAY 11‐7082. In addition, Achilles tendons from apolipoprotein E mice fed with a high‐fat diet were histologically assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. We found that high cholesterol apparently lowered the expression of tendon cell markers (collagen 1, scleraxis, tenomodulin), and elevated ROS levels via the NF‐κB pathway both in vitro and in vivo. The ROS scavenger N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and BAY 11‐7082 reversed the inhibiting effect of cholesterol on the tendon‐related gene expressions of TDSCs. Moreover, NAC blocked cholesterol‐induced phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Significant histological alternation in vivo was shown in Achilles tendon in the hypercholesterolemic group. These results indicated that high cholesterol may inhibit the tendon‐related gene expressions in TDSCs via ROS‐activated NF‐кB signaling, implying pathogenesis of tendinopathy in hypercholesterolemia and suggesting a new mechanism underlying hypercholesterolemia‐induced tendinopathy.
Tibialis Posterior Nerve Schwannoma Mimicking Achilles Tendinitis: Ultrasonographic Diagnosis
Authors: Cantos-Melian Belen , Arriaza-Loureda Rafael , Aisa-Varela Pilar
Published: March 2019

Solitary nerve sheath tumors are rare, but they are more frequent in the flexor surface of the extremities. Very often, they give rise to diagnostic problems due to the radiating and usually ill‐defined characteristics of their symptomatology. The nature of the tumor can occasionally be suspected by its location in relation to a peripheral nerve. It originates from the cells of Schwann's sheath, and it represents a major part of benign peripheral nerve tumors.1,5 A correct diagnosis can strongly be suggested by means of ultrasound and MRI.
Tuberculous Peritonitis: Ultrasonic Diagnosis
Authors: Akhan Okan , Demirkazik Figen Basaran , Demirkazik Ahmet , Gülekon Nadir , Eryllmaz Muzaffer , Unsal Metin , Besim Aytekin
Published: March 2019

Tuberculous peritonitis is an uncommon manifestation of tuberculosis and specific radiologic features of it have not been defined. The diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis has been made prospectively in 4 patients with sonography. The findings included free ascites; multiple, fine, delicate septations and incomplete mobile strands of fibrin; peritoneal thickening and nodularity. In the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis, peritoneal carsinomatosis, peritoneal mesothelioma, pyogenic penritonitis, and hemoperitoneum should be considered.
Clinical models of telehealth in genetics: A regional telegenetics landscape
Authors: Terry Alissa B. , Wylie Amanda , Raspa Melissa , Vogel Beth , Sanghavi Kunal , Djurdjinovic Luba , Caggana Michele , Bodurtha Joann
Published: March 2019

The use of live video consultations in genetics has been shown to improve patient access with high satisfaction; however, little is known about the current landscape of clinical telehealth models in the field of genetics (i.e., telegenetics). This survey aimed to address that gap across seven states and the District of Columbia. Among 51 self‐defined telegenetics programs responding to an online survey, 32 currently utilized live videoconferencing as at least one of their technologies (i.e., were “video‐capable”). Analysis of this subgroup revealed that medical institutions were the most common program setting, and prenatal and cancer services were the most common sub‐specialty. Forty‐seven percent of these programs reported billing insurance for patient care. When exploring measures of patient access among these programs, 56% had a wait time of under 2 weeks, 25% saw more than 50 patients per month, 50% estimated their geographic reach at over 200 miles, and 59% were able to provide remote telegenetics consultations to patients’ homes. Professional licensure was reported as the biggest barrier, and patient access and convenience were reported as the largest benefit and success. Among the 19 remaining programs, eight currently active programs exclusively used telephone technology; these were less likely to have a geneticist (p = 0.01), had a shorter wait time (p = 0.04), and had been established for a longer time (p = 0.02) when compared to video‐capable programs. Further, two currently active programs indicated the use of store‐and‐forward telehealth. Finally, nine programs were currently planning their programs, with a focus on video‐capable technologies and more varied patient specialties. We observed a diverse landscape of telehealth models being utilized to provide genetic services, and the data demonstrated that these programs are focused on enhancing patient access. Our query about telegenetics drew responses from programs that were not using live videoconferencing technology models, which prompts further exploration, and challenges us to develop consensus around the meaning of “telegenetics.” Similarly, our data suggest a need for continued research to assess the equivalency, accessibility, and role of telephone consultations across genetic services. While a multitude of policy factors influence which service delivery models are utilized, further research on these varied approaches, and their associated patient outcomes, is also needed to inform program development.
Genetic counselor workforce generational diversity: Millennials to Baby Boomers
Authors: Reiser Catherine , Van Vreede Victoria , Petty Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2019

There are currently three generations of individuals that make up the genetic counselor workforce: Baby‐Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials. These generations are presumed to be shaped by the historical, cultural, and social events that occurred during critical developmental periods. Understanding the underlying perceptions and viewpoints of genetic counselors regarding the multigenerational workforce may facilitate successful working relationships as well as recognition of the perceived unique characteristics that each generation offers. An online survey was distributed to practicing genetics counselors (GC) and genetic counseling students through the National Society of Genetic Counselors and the American Board of Genetic Counseling to elicit opinions about the perceived characteristics or skills of genetic counselors in each generation. Respondents (n = 407, estimated 10% response) preferentially assigned certain traits or skills to specific generations including their own. Findings suggest GC Baby Boomers were least likely to be described as “comfortable with phone or skype counseling” (p < 0.0001), Millennial GC, were least often assigned the term “Strong respect for authority” (p < 0.0005) and Generation X GC were most likely to be described as “Does not ask for feedback” (p < 0.05). These research findings demonstrate that GC perceive that their colleagues from every generation have unique attributes to bring to the profession and these attributes match those typically described in the U.S. literature about non‐GC cohorts.
The edge‐subgraph poset of a graph and the edge reconstruction conjecture
Authors: Thatte Bhalchandra D.
Published: March 2019

We consider only finite simple graphs in this paper. Earlier we showed that many invariants of a graph can be computed from the isomorphism class of its partially ordered set of distinct unlabeled non‐empty induced subgraphs, that is, the subgraphs themselves are not required. In this paper, we consider an analogous problem of reconstructing an arbitrary graph up to isomorphism from its abstract edge‐subgraph poset , which we call the ‐reconstruction problem. We present an infinite family of graphs that are not ‐reconstructible and show that the edge reconstruction conjecture is true if and only if the graphs in the family are the only graphs that are not ‐reconstructible. Let be the set of all unlabeled graphs. Let denote the number of homomorphisms from to . Let be a bijection such that for all , we have . We conjecture that is the identity map. Our conjecture is motivated by the homomorphism cancellation results of Lovász. We prove that the conjecture stated above is weaker than the edge reconstruction conjecture.
Surgical and histological boundary of the hepatic hilar plate system: basic study relevant to surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma regarding the “true” proximal ductal margin
Authors: Kikuchi Yutaro , Matuyama Ryusei , Hiroshima Yukihiko , Murakami Takashi , Bouvet Michael , Morioka Daisuke , Hoffman Robert M. , Endo Itaru
Published: March 2019

Background

We sought to expand the clinico‐anatomical limit of the proximal ductal margin (Limit‐PDM) for resectability of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA).

Methods

The practical boundary of the hilar plate (PBHP) was defined as the location where the bile duct (BD) could not be isolated by dissection. The distance between PBHP and two well‐known clinical landmarks of Limit‐PDM, the right edge of the bifurcation of the anterior and posterior branch of the right portal vein (Posterior‐Landmark) and the left edge of the umbilical portion of the portal vein (Left‐Landmark), and histological features around the PBHP were assessed using 55 adult cadaver livers.

Results

BD was almost always isolatable beyond the traditional clinical landmarks. The median distance was 6.9 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 6.0–8.3 mm) between the PBHP and the Posterior‐Landmark, and 8.9 mm (IQR 6.7–10.2 mm) between the PBHP and the Left‐Landmark. Histologically, the sheath surrounding the portal triad was loose, thick with few elastic fibers and small arteries near the hepatic hilum. Near the PBHP, the sheath was dense, thin, and abundant with elastic fibers and small arteries.

Conclusions

Limit‐PDM is more peripheral than the traditional clinical landmark‐based margin and histological transition near the PBHP was revealed.
Prescribing trends of systemic antibiotics by periodontists in Australia
Authors: Ong Alex , Kim Junghyun , Loo Samuel , Quaranta Alessandro , Rincon A. Julio C.
Published: March 2019

Background

Antibiotics are a common systemic pharmaceutical therapy in periodontal conditions for dental practitioners as well as specialists. However, there is limited information about prescribing patterns amongst the periodontists within Australia. The objective of this study is to examine current patterns and perceptions in prescribing systemic antibiotics for the treatment of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases.

Methods

An online questionnaire was disseminated to Australian practicing members of the Australia and New Zealand Academy of Periodontists (ANZAP) to determine their antibiotic prescribing patterns for different periodontal conditions. Indications that were analyzed included: chronic periodontitis, plaque‐induced gingivitis, aggressive periodontitis, acute gingival and periodontal conditions, conditions associated with implants and implant placement, periodontal regeneration, and mucogingival surgery.

Results

Out of the 50 members that participated in the study, 38 completed the questionnaire. Systemic antibiotics prescription patterns varied markedly for different periodontal or peri‐implant diseases among respondents. 79% reported prescription of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of chronic periodontitis whereas 52.6%, 55.3%, 18.4% of the respondents did so for periodontal regeneration procedures, implant placement surgery, and mucogingival surgery, respectively. Azithromycin, the combination of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole, and Amoxicillin were the three most commonly prescribed systemic antibiotics.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this survey, systemic antibiotics are widely used by the group of periodontists surveyed in this study in Australia with varying rates and patterns for different periodontal and peri‐implant conditions. The current study highlights the need for recommendations and guidelines in the prescription of antibiotics for periodontal and peri‐implant conditions.
Surgical palliation of biliary obstruction: Bypass in the era of drainage
Authors: Arshad Seyed Arshia , Phuoc Victor H
Published: March 2019

Unresectable pancreatico‐biliary cancers frequently cause biliary obstruction. Symptomatic management of biliary obstruction is most commonly accomplished with percutaneous or endoscopic drainage. When Nonsurgical means have been exhausted, effective surgical palliation may be performed by way of choledochojejunostomy.
The numbing effect of mortality salience in consumer settings
Authors: Goode Miranda R. , Iwasa‐Madge Dan
Published: March 2019

Nationwide Insurance and Johnnie Walker Scotch aired advertisements that encouraged people to contemplate death. What are the immediate emotional and perceptual outcomes of such advertisements? With five studies, thinking about death was found to attenuate emotional reactions and perceptions, a novel finding in the literature. This attenuation was observed with neural and self‐report measures along with retrospective and prospective assessments of emotion and is an outcome not yet investigated in mortality salience research. Contemplating death dampened people's expectations of emotion in a future consumption experience and diminished the attractiveness of the experience. Similarly, contemplating death affected backward‐looking assessments of emotion, for example, when nostalgic memories are brought to mind. Importantly, this dampening effect of mortality salience was replicated with advertisements that portrayed death‐related concepts and attenuated emotional reactions to subsequent advertisements.
GAEC1 drives colon cancer progression
Authors: Lee Katherine Ting‐Wei , Vider Jelena , Tang Johnny Cheuk‐On , Gopalan Vinod , Lam Alfred King‐Yin
Published: March 2019

Gene amplified in esophageal cancer 1 (GAEC1) expression and copy number changes are frequently associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinomas. The current study aimed to identify the pathway and its transcriptional factors with which
GAEC1 interacts within colorectal cancer, to gain a better understanding of the mechanics by which this gene exercises its effect on colorectal cancer. Two colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines (SW48 and SW480) and a nonneoplastic colon epithelial cell line (FHC) were transfected with
GAEC1 to assess the oncogenic potential of
GAEC1 overexpression. Multiple in vitro assays, including cell proliferation, wound healing, clonogenic, apoptosis, cell cycle, and extracellular flux, were performed. Western blot analysis was performed to identify potential gene‐interaction partners of
GAEC1 in vitro. Results showed that the overexpression of
GAEC1 significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and clonogenic potential (
P < 0.05) of colonic adenocarcinoma. Furthermore,
GAEC1 portrayed its ability to influence mitochondrial respiration changes. The observations were in tandem with a significant increase in the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B, forkhead box O3, and matrix metallopeptidase 9. Thus,
GAEC1 has a role in regulating gene pathways, potentially in the Akt pathway. This could help in developing targeted therapies in the future.
Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Investigate the Mechanism of Lactulose in Negating the Effects of a High‐Salt Diet on Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhao Jiangtao , Tian Changyu , Chen Xiao , Li Huan , Wei Xiao , Lin Weishi , Zheng Naxin , Jiang Aimin , Feng Ruo , Yuan Jing , Zhao Xiangna
Published: March 2019

Scope

High‐salt diets (HSDs) are widely considered to cause health problems such as gut microecological imbalances, constipation, and hypertension. This study explores how lactulose as a safe molecule can stimulate bodily responses to alleviate salt‐sensitive hypertension by regulating the gut microbiotas of HSD‐fed mice.

Methods and results

After 4 weeks, the blood pressures of mice fed a high‐salt plus lactulose diet (HSLD) are significantly lower than those of the HSD‐fed mice. The HSD increases the abundances of Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut, while lactulose supplementation increases the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella, and Subdoligranulum. Fecal metabolic profiling shows significant increases in metabolites involved in ATP‐binding cassette transporter pathways, and tryptophan metabolism is significantly reduced in the HSLD group compared with the HSD group. Lactulose maintains the intestinal microenvironmental health in the HSD‐fed mice by improving glycolipid metabolism, decreasing the small intestinal interleukin‐17a (IL‐17a) and interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) mRNA levels and serum IL‐17a and IL‐22 levels, relieving constipation, increasing fecal sodium, and reducing intestinal permeability.

Conclusion

Lactulose negates salt‐sensitive hypertension. Regulating the gut microbiota is a potential treatment for salt‐sensitive hypertension.
Lessons Learned: What to Do When Your Utility Becomes Breaking News
Authors: Kerwin Ed
Published: March 2019

In February 2017, North Carolina's Orange Water and Sewer Authority experienced an unplanned shutdown of its water treatment plant, followed 19 hours later by a major water main break. These and related experiences taught the utility's emergency management team many important lessons.
Assessment of Ketamine Adult Anesthetic Doses in Pediatrics Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations
Authors: Elkomy Mohammed H. , Alruwaili Nabil , Elmowafy Mohammed , Shalaby Khaled , Drover David R. , Ramamoorthy Chandra
Published: March 2019

Background

Although few studies have used ketamine for induction and maintenance of pediatric anesthesia, official dosage recommendations are lacking. This study evaluates the outcomes of adult anesthetic doses in a pediatric population through pharmacokinetic modeling and computer simulations in an attempt to recommend an adequate ketamine dosing regimen.

Methods

Ketamine plasma concentration‐time data in 19 children (age 8 months to 16 years; weight 5.5 to 67 kg) were analyzed according to a non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic approach. The relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and demographic covariates was mathematically characterized. A one‐compartment open model was implemented to simulate the plasma profile following administration of 1–4.5 mg/kg IV bolus dose and 0.1–0.5 mg/kg/min continuous infusion of ketamine and to predict anesthesia onset and offset.

Key Results

Pharmacokinetic parameters determined were clearance 0.025 ± 0.008 L/kg/min; distribution volume 3.3 ± 1.3 L/kg; half‐life 2.6 ± 1 h; and mean residence time 2.3 ± 0.64 h. Body weight was the best predictor of clearance and distribution volume according to a 0.75‐power model. Using weight to scale doses was associated with limited variability in simulated concentrations. Ketamine administered as 2.25 mg/kg IV bolus dose, followed by 0.1 mg/kg/min continuous IV infusion enables anesthesia initiation within 3 minutes and maintains it for 3 hours.

Conclusions & Inferences

Weight‐based dosing minimizes age‐dependent variation in the plasma concentration of ketamine. Low‐to‐intermediate adult doses are suitable for induction and maintenance of safe anesthesia in children undergoing short‐term surgical operations. However, this finding requires validation in controlled clinical trials before it is adopted into surgical standard practices.
A research agenda for fear of cancer recurrence: A Delphi study conducted in Australia
Authors: Butow Phyllis , Shaw Joanne , Vaccaro Lisa , Sharpe Louise , Dhillon Haryana , Smith Ben ,   the PoCoG FCR Interest Group
Published: March 2019

Objective

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common, debilitating, and costly to the health system. While there has been a rising trajectory in FCR‐related research, there remain many unanswered questions. A research agenda is required to clarify priorities and ensure that research dollars and effort are expended wisely. This study aimed to elicit research topics and priorities from clinical and academic experts in FCR.

Methods

Phase 1 consisted of elicitation by survey of prioritised FCR research topics from 20 members of the Psycho‐Oncology Co‐operative Research Group (PoCoG) FCR special interest group, followed by a focus group discussion with 28 clinicians, researchers, and cancer survivors, at which survey results were presented and further reflection was encouraged. This resulted in 28 research topics that were then subjected to a Delphi process to establish consensus (phase 2).

Results

Thirty‐one participants completed round 1 of the Delphi process and 23 round 2, after which satisfactory consensus was reached. Five broad areas of research were identified as priorities. In rank order, they were (1) intervention models; (2) definition, predictors, and outcomes of FCR; (3) detection and screening; (4) training for health professionals; and (5) reaching specific populations.

Conclusions

It is hoped that the current findings will guide FCR researchers towards clinically relevant, significant research that will move the field forward. Experts nominated intervention research as the top priority, specifically exploring optimal formats of delivery including stepped care and blended models incorporating online or phone elements to increase accessibility.
Solvent effect on stabilization energy: An approach based on density functional reactivity theory
Authors: Hamid Aabid , Roy Ram Kinkar
Published: March 2019

In the present article a formalism and the corresponding computational method is developed to take care of the variation of stabilization energy with solvent polarity in the process of adduct formation. For this purpose, a simple but physically insightful definition of “net desolvation energy” is proposed keeping in mind the sequence of events taking place in the process of adduct formation in a solvent. The approach used here is based on density functional reactivity theory (DFRT) and the representative samples chosen are adduct formation between (a) methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) and pyridine and (b) (azidomethyl)benzene and methylpropiolate. The generated data in case (a) is correlated with already known experimental parameter that is, formation constant (Kf). The observed trends claim that with the increase in solvent polarity interaction (or stabilization) energy becomes less negative which means that on increasing the solvent polarity the chances of adduct formation are less. This is further supported by calculating hardness values of adducts in different solvents which goes on decreasing with the increase in solvent polarity. Here, the computed data show that on increasing the polarity (i.e., dielectric constant) of the solvent, the “net desolvation energy” increases. Finally, when “net desolvation energy” is added to the stabilization energy obtained from DFRT the predicted trends are achieved.
Assessing health insurance coverage in Florida using the behavioral risk factor surveillance system
Authors: Ha Neung Soo , Sedransk Joseph
Published: March 2019

We use data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, BRFSS, to investigate the important topic of health insurance coverage. Here, our investigation is about coverage in Florida at the county level and for important subpopulations defined by age, gender, and race. As large US government administered surveys are designed to provide reliable estimates of finite population characteristics for large geographical areas such as the entire US or for individual states, they are not designed to make direct inferences for small geographical regions and/or subpopulations. Given the importance of this topic, we use Bayesian predictive inference for the finite population quantities of interest, thus avoiding approximations necessary in other approaches. There are careful diagnostic checks of the model that we propose, including residual checks and cross‐validation, together with formal tests of the concordance between the observed data and model. We check whether there is a selection bias investigating, in particular, the possible role of the conventional survey weights in correcting for selection bias and in improving inferences. We display our results in choropleth maps, together with displays of map variation. The latter maps can be used to assess the visual appearance of the “mean map”, ie, the one usually presented, relative to a sequence of possible maps. Finally, we compare our county estimates of health insurance coverage with estimates from the BRFSS produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and from the US Census Bureau under their SAHIE program.
Synthesis of Silver Nanowires with Controllable Diameter and Simple Tool to Evaluate their Diameter, Concentration and Yield
Authors: Azani Mohammad‐Reza , Hassanpour Azin
Published: March 2019

Simple solvothermal method was used to synthesize of uniform silver nanowires with the controllable diameter (17, 20, 35, 70 and 100 nm). It is the first report on the solvothermal synthesis of ultra‐thin silver nanowires (17 nm) with the high aspect ratio (>1000). Knowing silver nanowires diameter, length and yield after synthesis are a critical step to classify them for the final goal. Up to now, although the length of nanowires can be measured with the optical microscope, but to estimate the diameter, costly high‐resolution microscopic techniques are necessary. Herein, UV/Vis spectroscopy as an easy and cost‐effective tool is introduced to evaluate the diameter and yield of nanowires. For this purpose, after synthesis and purification of silver different nanowires; from their UV/Vis spectra, a new equation for evaluation nanowires diameter was extracted. In addition, for the first time, absorption coefficients (ϵ) of nanowires with different diameter thickness were reported and a new equation to estimate absorption coefficients to calculate concentration (mg/ml) and yield of silver nanowires was extracted. These equations have good agreement with real data and are independent of the length of nanowires.
Obstetric ultrasound in tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Reeves Christopher
Published: March 2019

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect (CHD) found in 1 of 3600 live births and represents 3.5% to 7% of all CHD's in infants. TOF is characterised by a ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta astride of the VSD and pulmonary stenosis or atresia with or without right ventricular hypertrophy. It is well documented that prenatal diagnosis of TOF improves neonatal outcomes; however, ultrasound successfully detects it in only 30% to 60% of cases. Lack of skill and expertise by sonographers has been cited as a contributing factor to the relatively poor prenatal detection rates of TOF. This literature review was performed to provide a comprehensive resource for sonographers with the aim of improving awareness and understanding of the prenatal diagnosis of TOF with obstetric ultrasound. Emphasis has been placed on imaging protocols, sonographic appearances of TOF, and technological and best practice advancements in fetal cardiac ultrasound.
A phase I study of pexidartinib, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor, in Asian patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Lee Jih-Hsiang , Chen Tom Wei-Wu , Hsu Chih-Hung , Yen Yu-Hsin , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Cheng Ann-Lii , Sasaki Shun-ichi , Chiu LiYin , Sugihara Masahiro , Ishizuka Tomoko , Oguma Toshihiro , Tajima Naoyuki , Lin Chia-Chi
Published: March 2019

Background Pexidartinib, a novel, orally administered small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has strong selectivity against colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor. This phase I, nonrandomized, open-label multiple-dose study evaluated pexidartinib safety and efficacy in Asian patients with symptomatic, advanced solid tumors. Materials and Methods Patients received pexidartinib: cohort 1, 600 mg/d; cohort 2, 1000 mg/d for 2 weeks, then 800 mg/d. Primary objectives assessed pexidartinib safety and tolerability, and determined the recommended phase 2 dose; secondary objectives evaluated efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile. Results All 11 patients (6 males, 5 females; median age 64, range 23–82; cohort 1 n = 3; cohort 2 n = 8) experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event; 5 experienced at least one grade ≥ 3 adverse event, most commonly (18%) for each of the following: increased aspartate aminotransferase, blood alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and anemia. Recommended phase 2 dose was 1000 mg/d for 2 weeks and 800 mg/d thereafter. Pexidartinib exposure, area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 8 h (AUC0-8h), and maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) increased on days 1 and 15 with increasing pexidartinib doses, and time at Cmax (Tmax) was consistent throughout all doses. Pexidartinib exposure and plasma levels of adiponectin and colony-stimulating factor 1 increased following multiple daily pexidartinib administrations. One patient (13%) with tenosynovial giant cell tumor showed objective tumor response. Conclusions This was the first study to evaluate pexidartinib in Asian patients with advanced solid tumors. Pexidartinib was safe and tolerable in this
population at the recommended phase 2 dose previously determined for Western patients (funded by Daiichi Sankyo; clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT02734433).
Perceptions of Anal Intercourse Among Heterosexual Women: A Pilot Qualitative Study
Authors: Benson Lyndsey S. , Gilmore Kelly C. , Micks Elizabeth A. , McCoy Erin , Prager Sarah W.
Published: March 2019

Introduction

More than one-third of women in the U.S. have engaged in heterosexual anal intercourse (HAI), but little is known regarding women’s perceptions of HAI and motivations for engaging in this sexual behavior.

Aim

This study aimed to explore U.S. women’s motivations for engaging in HAI and to investigate how they navigate HAI in the context of sexual relationships.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women, ages 18–50 years old, who had engaged in anal intercourse with a male partner within the past 3 months. The interview guide was developed utilizing a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Main Outcome Measure

Thematic content analysis was performed, and salient themes were identified.

Results

Salient themes were identified in all key components of the construct, including attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Women’s intent to engage in HAI was influenced by their attitudes toward HAI and level of control and trust with their partners. Primary motivators were partner and personal pleasure and sexual curiosity and experimentation.

Conclusion

The Theory of Planned Behavior construct was well suited to explore factors influencing women’s intent to engage in HAI. Most women perceive negative societal norms toward HAI. Although this does not appear to affect intention to engage in HAI, it does affect disclosure of this sexual activity with friends and healthcare providers. It is important for healthcare providers to provide open, non-judgmental counseling regarding HAI to decrease stigma, enhance communication, and improve sexual health.
What Patients and Partners Want in Interventions That Support Sexual Recovery After Prostate Cancer Treatment: An Exploratory Convergent Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Mehta Akanksha , Pollack Craig Evan , Gillespie Theresa W. , Duby Ashley , Carter Caroline , Thelen-Perry Steve , Witmann Daniela
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Men treated for prostate cancer suffer from treatment-related sexual side effects that adversely affect their relationships and quality of life.

Aim

To investigate what prostate cancer survivors and their partners want from a sexual recovery intervention, and whether they consider an online tool acceptable for use in promoting sexual recovery.

Methods

This mixed-methods study included focus groups and interviews with both heterosexual and gay cancer survivors, as well as their partners. Focus groups and interviews probed experiences with treatment, side effects, and support received/needed for sexual recovery. Participants responded to proposed web-based intervention content. Interviews were analyzed with thematic content analysis. Their sexual function was assessed with validated measures.

Main Outcome Measures

Acceptability of online tools for promoting sexual recovery was evaluated.

Results

Participants included 14 patients and 10 partners (2 male). Patient and partner median age was 62 and 62.5 years, respectively. Treatment ranged from surgery alone to combined radiation and hormonal therapy. Qualitative data analysis yielded 5 main intervention needs: (i) pretreatment discussion of sexual side effects, rehabilitation, emotional impact and realistic expectations, (ii) improved sexual communication within couples, (iii) strategies for promoting sexual intimacy beyond penetrative intercourse, (iv) attentiveness to partners' needs, and (v) access to peer support. Gay men specifically expressed the need for improved provider understanding of their sexuality and experiences. Most considered a web-based approach to be acceptable.

Conclusion

Patients and partners value both pretreatment preparation for sexual recovery and support for sexual recovery for both after treatment. A web-based approach may help mitigate barriers to access to these support services.
Not recognized enough: The effects and associations of trauma and intellectual disability in severely mentally ill outpatients
Authors: Grietje Nieuwenhuis Jeanet , Johanna Henrica Smits Hedwig , Onno Noorthoorn Eric , Lambert Mulder Cornelis , Johannes Maria Penterman Engelbertus , Llewellyn Inge Nijman Henk
Published: March 2019

Background:

Little is known about the association between trauma and intellectual disability in SMI patients.

Aim:

To establish the prevalence of trauma and its association with intellectual functioning in SMI outpatients.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in two mental health trusts in the Netherlands. We used the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) to screen for trauma and PTSD, and the Screener for Intelligence and Learning disabilities (SCIL) for suspected MID/BIF. Chi-square andt-tests were used to test differences in outcome over patient characteristics. Post-hoc analysis was used to investigate gender differences between patients with and without MID/BIF on trauma and sexual trauma.

Results:

Any trauma was found in 86% of 570 patients and 42% were suspected for PTSD. The SCIL suggested that 40% had Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF), half of whom were suspected of having Mild Intellectual Disability (MID). These patients had more traumatic experiences (1.89 in BIF, 1.75 in MID, against 1.41 in SCIL-negative patients). Female MID/BIF patients (61%) had experienced significantly more sexual abuse than male MID/BIF patients (23%).

Conclusions:

Significantly more SMI outpatients who screened positive for MID/BIF reported having experienced traumatic events than those who screened negative. Rates of all trauma categories were significantly higher in the screen-positive group, who were also more likely to have PTSD. Sexual abuse occurred more in all females but the SCIL positive women are even more often victim. Clinical practice has to pay more attention to all of these issues, especially when they occur together in a single patient.
Allogeneic transplantation outcomes amongst a contemporary cohort of high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia patients aged ≥70 years
Authors: Lachowiez Curtis , Cook Rachel J. , Hayes-Lattin Brandon , Maziarz Richard T. , Borate Uma , Traer Elie , Leonard Jessica , Newell Laura , Dao Kim-Hien , Meyers Gabrielle
Published: March 2019

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an integral therapy for patients with hematological malignancies, myelodysplasia, and bone marrow failure. Its use has been increasing over the past decade, as understanding of the treatment and its related toxicities has led to changes in patient selection, conditioning regimens, and post-transplant care. Older (age ≥65 years) patients are often considered unfit for transplantation; however, more recent data suggest that older patients, when selected appropriately, tolerate transplantation well. We report our institutional experience with HSCT in patients aged ≥70 years. A cohort of 22 patients underwent HSCT. Median overall survival was 5.16 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5–8.7 years], and median post-transplant survival was 2.2 years (myelodysplastic syndrome: median 1.3 years, 95% CI: 4.7 months–2.2 years; acute myeloid leukemia: median not reached). Thirty-day mortality following HSCT was 9.5% (n = 2). These data provide further support for the use of HSCT in selected older patients, and highlight the impact of HSCT on overall survival among a patient cohort primarily of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia.
Self-care of elderly people with ostomy by colorectal cancer
Authors: Santos Raul de Paiva , Fava Silvana Maria Coelho Leite , Dázio Eliza Maria Rezende
Published: March 2019

Objective To identify in literature the scientific production about self-care in elderly people with ostomies by colorectal cancer.

Method Integrative review, performed with the descriptors “self-care”, “ostomy” and “elderly/aged” with the Boolean operator AND in the following databases: SCOPUS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, LILACS and COCHRANE. For the theoretical basis, Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory was used.

Results A total of 533 papers were found, however, after applying the eligibility criteria, 16 studies composed the final sample of the review.

Conclusion The nurse is one of the professionals closest to the person with the stoma and his family, and should act as a link between the elderly person, the family and the multi-professional health team. In this sense, health professionals, especially nurses, should be trained and competent in assisting the diverse demands of care of this specific population, so that it is effective, resolutive, integral and, above all, humanized, aiming at the improvement of quality of life.
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety Between Hyaluronic Acid and Polylactic Acid Filler Injection in Penile Augmentation: A Multicenter, Patient/Evaluator-Blinded, Randomized Trial
Authors: Yang Dae Yul , Ko Kyungtae , Lee Seong Ho , Lee Won Ki
Published: March 2019

Background

Studies about the clinical utility of fillers on penile augmentation (PA) are lacking. Furthermore, no randomized study has compared the utilities of fillers.

Aim

To compare the efficacy and safety between hyaluronic acid (HA) and polylactic acid (PLA) filler injection for PA.

Methods

This prospective, randomized patient/evaluator-blind, comparative multicenter study consisted of an initial 2-week baseline period and 48-week patient/evaluator-blind post-injection period. 72 patients with small penis syndrome were enrolled from 3 institutions between March–July 2016. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the HA group, comprising 36 patients injected with HA, and the PLA group, comprising 36 patients injected with PLA.

Main Outcome Measures

Penile girth and satisfaction were assessed at baseline and at 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after injection.

Results

Penile girth increases adequately lasted ≤48 weeks in both groups (16.95 ± 10.53 and 13.49 ± 9.98 mm of mean increase in the HA and PLA groups, respectively; P < .001). The mean penile girth increase in the HA group was significantly greater than that in the PLA group at 4 weeks (P < .001). Subsequently, it gradually decreased and was no longer significantly different at 48 weeks (P = .075). Satisfaction levels increased after injection and were maintained ≤48 weeks. No significant differences were observed in the overall satisfaction level between the groups (P > .05). Filler injection–related adverse events were mild and transient and occurred in 1 and 3 patients in the HA and PLA groups, respectively.

Clinical Implications

This study provides an overview of the efficacy and safety of HA and PLA fillers, which are the most commonly used soft tissue fillers for PA.

Strength and Limitations

This study, to our knowledge, is the first to compare the efficacy and safety between different filler injections for human PA. However, it was impossible to perform a researcher-blinded trial because of the unique properties of fillers, and 31 patients (43.1%) were dropped during the study period.

Conclusions

Both HA and PLA filler injections for PA led to a significant augmentative effect without serious adverse events and had clinically comparable efficacy and safety.