bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On hydrodynamics in the presense of strong external potential field
Authors: Sokolovsky A. I. , Sokolovsky S. A.
Published: December 2021

On the base of the Boltzmann kinetic equation, hydrodynamics of a dilute gas in the presence of the strong external potential field is investigated. First of all, a gravitational field is meant, because the consistent development of hydrodynamics in this environment is of great practical importance. In the present paper it is assumed that it is possible to neglect the influence of the field on the particle collisions. The study is based on the Chapman–Enskog method in a Bogolyubov’s formulation, which uses the idea of the functional hypothesis. Consideration is limited to steady gas states, which are subjected to a simpler experimental study. Chemical potential μ0 of the gas at the point where the external field has zero value and its temperature T are selected as the reduced description parameters of the system. In equilibrium, in the presence of the field, these values do not depend on the coordinates. It is assumed that in thehydrodynamic states T and μ0 are weakly dependent on the coordinates and therefore their gradients, considered on the scale of the free path length of the gas, are small. The kinetic equation, accounting for the functional hypothesis, gives an integro-differential equation for a gas distribution function at the hydrodynamic stage of evolution. This equation is solved in perturbation theory in gradients of T and μ0. The main approximation is analyzed for possibility of the system to be in a local equilibrium by means of comparing it with an equilibrium distribution function. Next, the distribution function is calculated in the first approximation in gradients and it is expressed in terms of solutions Ap , Bp of some first kind integral Fredholm equations. An approach to the approximate solution of these equations is discussed. The found distribution function is used to calculate the fluxes of the number of gas particles and their energy in the first order in gradients T and μ0 . Kinetic coefficients, which describe the structure of these fluxes, are introduced. Matrix elements of the operator of the linearized collision integral (integral brackets) are used for their research. It is a question of validity of the principle of symmetry of kinetic coefficients and definition of their signs.
Metastable phases and macroheterogeneous composites
Authors: Sukhova O. V.
Published: December 2021

The way to control the interfacial reactions that processes during infiltration of macroheterogeneous composite materials is suggested. The idea is to combine the stable and metastable phases in the filler’s structure which dissolves at a different rate in the molten binder. To prove this approach, the structure and gas-abrasive wear of macroheterogeneous composite materials with Cu–20Ni–20Mn binder reinforced by Fe–(9.0–10.0)B–(0.01-0.2)C filler (in wt. %) cooled at 10–20 K/s or 103–104 K/s are studied. It is shown that the wear resistance of the investigated composite materials can be enhanced by accelerating interfacial reactions between the filler and the molten binder. Therefore, the composite materials produced from a rapidly cooled Fe–B–C filler show a higher resistance to gas-abrasive wear due to formation of Fe–Fe2(B,C) metastable eutectics in its structure. This eutectics crystallizes under metastable phase diagram due to the suppression of stable Fe2(B,C) phase formation and saturation of the rest of liquid by iron in the filler cooled at 103–104 K/s. As a result of rapid dissolution of the eutectics in the molten binder during infiltration, the strong adhesion at the interfaces of the composite materials is achieved which prevents the filler from spalling out under the impacts of abrasive.
Volt-ampere characteristic of the double Schottky barrier
Authors: Ivon A. I.
Published: December 2021

The volt-ampere characteristic (I-V characteristic) of the double Schottky barrier located in the contact region of ZnO grains of zinc oxide based varistor ceramics is calculated using the mechanism of the above-barrier electron emission. I-V characteristic is symmetric to the polarity of the voltage U. At U > 2kBT/e (kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, e is electron charge) the electric current is saturated. The contact of ZnO grains with a double Schottky barrier behaves like an electrical circuit consisting of two oppositely connected Schottky diodes. A small maximum possible decrease in the height of the double Schottky barrier in an electric field ~ 0.7kBT ≈ 0.018 eV does not allow explaining the high nonlinearity of I – V characteristic of varistor materials by the above-barrier electron emission. The most probable cause of nonlinearity is the tunnel emission of electrons and impact ionization.
Research on the establishment of a mining subsidence prediction model under thick loose layer and its parameter inversion method
Authors: Li Jingxian , Yu Xuexiang , Chen Deshu , Fang Xinjian
Published: December 2021

Most of the coal mining in China is underground, which will inevitably cause surface deformation and trigger a series of geological disasters. Therefore, it is essential to find a suitable method to forecast the ground sinking caused by underground mining. The most commonly used prediction model in China is the probability integral model (PIM). But when this model is used in the geological condition of mining under thick loose layers, the predicted edge of the sinking basin will converge faster than the actual measured sinking situation. A geometric model (GM) with a similar model shape as the PIM but with a larger boundary value was established in this paper to solve this problem. Then an improved cuckoo search algorithm (ICSA) was proposed in this paper to calculate the GM parameters. The stability and reliability of the ICSA were verified through a simulated working face. At last, the ICSA, in combination with the GM and the PIM, was used to fit 6 working faces with the geological mining condition of thick loose layers in the Huainan mining area. The results prove that GM can solve the above-mentioned PIM problem when it is used in geological mining conditions of thick loose layers. And it was obtained through comparative analysis that the GM and the PIM parameters can take the same value except for the main influence radius.
Pandémia és különleges jogrend Magyarországon
Authors: Ungvári Álmos , Sabjanics István
Published: December 2021

Összefoglaló. A tanulmány a COVID–19 pandémiára adott jogalkotói
lehetőségeket és válaszokat elemzi, külön figyelmet fordítva a vonatkozó hazai
jogfejlődésre. A szerzők elméleti síkon haladva, de gyakorlati példákkal
szemléltetve értelmezik a hazai megoldásokat, amelyeket a pandémiás válság
kezelésére alkalmaztak az államok. Az alkalmazott megoldásoknak kettős
feltételnek kell megfelelniük: a jogállamisági és hatékonysági szempontoknak
egyidejűleg kell érvényesülniük. A demokratikus intézményeknek mindebben aktív
szerepük van, ugyanakkor lényeges a meghozott intézkedések politikai
elfogadottsága is.

Summary. The essay displays the possibilities and answers of the
legislature and the Government of Hungary regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, with
a special focus on the Hungarian constitutional traditions and development. The
essay reaches out from the theoretical for practical reassurance primarily
through solutions used in Hungary and secondarily in other European countries.
Displaying the struggles of solution seeking in Hungary and other European
countries provides a platform for a much-needed comparative approach. These
practices must comply with two conditions: maintaining the rule of law and
effectiveness, both of which have to prevail simultaneously. Like in the case of
the delicate and ever balancing antiterrorist solutions of western democracies,
two very different questions of ‘How can we survive?’ and ‘How can our way of
life prevail in the end?’ must be answered with the same answer. The democratic
institutions have a crucial role, and with that role these institutions have to
be continuously active. In times of grave danger, with a real threat to human
life, an emergency with the possibility of such a devastation that paralyses or
eliminates state and society, the original role of democratic institutions to
serve the people is enhanced. The political acceptance (legitimacy) of the
emergency measures taken during the pandemic can make a great difference, but
the question of legitimacy itself, favorable as it should be, need not be the
most crucial question regarding emergency laws. Introducing emergency
legislation is based on some level of real or anticipated threat. The focus and
only real goal of emergency legislation, by definition, must always be ensuring
the safe return to normal or peacetime legislation. So we can say with
confidence that functioning democratic institutions provide a much better chance
of a safe and timely return to normalcy and leaving pandemic restrictions
behind.
A meningitis carcinomatosa komplex megjelenése
Authors: Orbán-Szigeti Boglárka , Papp Anikó , Kamondi Anita , Szekeres György Tibor
Published: December 2021

Összefoglaló. Az emlőtumor miatt kezelt, majd gondozott beteget –
több tünetmentes év után – fejfájás, szédülés, ataxia, megváltozott, furcsa
viselkedés, emlékezetzavar és dezorientáció miatt neurológiai, majd
belgyógyászati osztályokon vizsgálták. Az alapos kivizsgálás ellenére a tüneteit
magyarázó organikus eltérést nem igazoltak, ugyanakkor már a kezdetektől
felmerült a szomatizációs tünetképzés lehetősége, ezért pszichiátriai osztályos
felvételére került sor. Az elvégzett vizsgálatok, illetve a klinikai kép
regresszív állapotot valószínűsítettek. Terápiás próbálkozásaink ellenére a
páciens állapota romlott, végül a megismételt neurológiai vizsgálatok meningitis
carcinomatosát igazoltak. Az esettel szemléltetni kívánjuk, hogy a beteg
premorbid működési nívója, személyiségstruktúrája hogyan képes befolyásolni az
ellátószemélyzetet, milyen külső és belső konfliktusokat válthat ki. A
diagnózishoz vezető folyamat bemutatásával fel kívánjuk hívni a figyelmet az
interdiszciplináris együttműködés fontosságára. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43):
1744–1748.

Summary. Our patient with known breast cancer in her past medical
history was hospitalized – after several asymptomatic years – for headache,
dizziness, ataxia, changed behaviour and disorientation. Thorough internal and
neurologic investigations did not find any disease underlying her symptoms,
therefore the possibility of somatization disorder was raised. Despite
lege artis therapeutic interventions carried out on the
psychiatry ward, the patient’s condition deteriorated and repeated neurological
examinations eventually revealed carcinomatous meningitis. With this case, we
would like to illustrate how the patient’s premorbid function level and
personality features might influence the attitude and opinion of the health care
personnel, and what kind of external and internal conflicts might be triggered.
By presenting the complexity of the diagnostic work-up, we would like to
emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation in the interest of our
patients. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1744–1748.
Thrombocytagátló és antikoagulációs terápia a szívsebészetben napjainkban
Authors: Tóth Roland , Németh Zoltán , Rashed Aref
Published: December 2021

Összefoglaló. Egy szívműtét tervezésekor és a perioperatív
időszakban egyaránt kiemelkedő jelentősége van a megfelelő thrombocytagátló és
antikoaguláns kezelés alkalmazásának. Írásunk célja összefoglalni és ismertetni
a jelenleg érvényes nemzetközi ajánlásokat és a jelentős tanulmányok
eredményeit, összpontosítva a Magyarországon alkalmazásban lévő gyakorlatra. A
bizonyítékokon alapuló iránymutatások alábbi, legújabb adatai döntően a European
Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery és a European Society of Cardiology
ajánlásaira épülnek, ezeket kiegészítettük az American College of Cardiology, az
American Heart Association és a Society of Thoracic Surgeons útmutatásaival,
végül egyes témákban hozzáfűztük az elmúlt időszak meghatározó tanulmányainak
főbb eredményeit. Cikkünkben érintjük a mono- és kettős thrombocytagátló,
továbbá az oralis antikoaguláns kezelés szerepkörét, beleértve az új típusú
thrombocytagátló és oralis antikoaguláns gyógyszereket, valamint az áthidaló
terápia fontosságát az antikoagulálásban, a különböző típusú beültetett
szívbillentyűk esetén betartandó antikoagulálási ajánlásokat, valamint kitérünk
a perioperatív pitvarfibrilláció, a posztoperatív thrombosisprofilaxis és a
vérzésveszély esetén történő gyógyszeres kezelés témájára. Figyelembe veendő,
hogy a jelen információk folyamatos frissítésen mennek keresztül, a lenti
javaslatok csupán a jelen helyzetet mutatják be. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(48):
1910–1919.

Summary. The use of appropriate antiplatelet and anticoagulant
therapy has got an outstanding role both in the planning of cardiac surgery and
also during the perioperative period. The aim of our paper is to summarize and
present the current international recommendations and the results of significant
studies, focusing on the current practice in Hungary. The following informations
are based on the evidence-based guidelines and recommendations of the European
Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery and the European Society of Cardiology,
supplemented by guidelines from the American College of Cardiology, the American
Heart Association and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, finally we added some
topics from the main results of major studies of the last years. In this paper,
we discuss the role of mono- and dual anti-platelet and oral anticoagulant
therapy, including the mechanism of novel antiplatelet and oral anticoagulant
drugs, the importance of bridging therapy in anticoagulation, postoperative
thrombosis prophylaxis and the medication practice in the case of bleeding risk.
It should be noted that though the present information has been recently
updated, the suggestions below only illustrate the current state of evidence.
Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(48): 1910–1919.
Ankle range of motion and dynamic balance in recreational Sepak Takraw players with and without ankle injury - a comparative study
Authors: Zhi Xin Jessica Phan , Krishnan Vasanthi Rajkumar , Purushothaman Vinosh Kumar , Nadzalan Ali Md.
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aim. Sepak Takraw (ST) is considered Malaysia's national sport, and the nature of this sport requires players to be sufficiently acrobatic. Therefore, players were expected to jump and regain their balance, challenging their dynamic balance (DB). Nonetheless, range of motion (ROM) is closely related to balance. Hence, this study aimed to compare recreational ST players' ankle ROM and DB differences with and without ankle injuries.

Material and Methods. The cross-sectional study in which 30 participants were assigned purposively according to players with an ankle injury (n=15) and without ankle injury (n=15) based on the position statement of the International Ankle Consortium (IAC). One time ankle Range of Motion and Dynamic balance was measured using a universal goniometer and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), respectively, for both groups.

Results. Independent T-test was performed to identify the significant differences (p<0.05) of SEBT and ROM between the non-injured leg and injured leg within the injured group to the non-injured group. Ankle eversion and dorsiflexion between the injured and non-injured groups did not show any significant difference with p=0.35 & p=0.53, respectively. As for SEBT, only posteromedial and medial of the injured leg did not show a significant difference p>0.05. All other ankles ROM and the SEBT score demonstrated a statistically significant difference p<0.05.

Conclusions. ROM and DB training/rehabilitation should be incorporated to all the injured group ST sports players regardless of which leg is affected to optimize ankle function and the game performance.
Aplikasi Pikobar Solusi Digital Andalan Bagi Jawa Barat Untuk Covid-19
Authors: Alia Siti , Ratnasari Ega
Published: December 2021

Pemerintah daerah merupakan salah satu penyelenggara urusan pemerintah berdasarkan asas otonomi oleh karena itu dalam hal ini pemerintah provinsi Jawa Barat membuat sebuah inovasi dalam rangka untuk pengendalian dan penanganan COVID-19. Pemprov Jawa Barat mengeluarkan sebuah inovasi dalam upaya pengendalian dan penanganan kasus COVID-19 yaitu sebuah inovasi aplikasi PIKOBAR (Pusat Informasi dan Koordinasi COVID-19 Provinsi Jawa Barat). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauhmana aplikasi PIKOBAR bisa menjadi solusi digital andalan di Jawa Barat dalam upaya pengendalian dan penanganan COVID-19. Dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana alur data dari aplikasi PIKOBAR ini. Sehingga, permasalahan aplikasi PIKOBAR diharapkan mampu dikupas melalui hasil dari analisis tersebut, dan diharapkan bisa menjadi masukan untuk perbaikan aplikasi PIKOBAR dalam upaya penanganan dan pengendalian pandemi COVID-19. Dari hasil analisis tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi PIKOBAR merupakan salah satu dari inovasi berbasis digital yang di unggulkan di Jawa Barat karena PIKOBAR telah memberikan berbagai kegunaan serta kebermanfaatan bagi masyarakat Jawa Barat pada masa pandemi COVID-19 ini. Kabupaten/kota mengembangkan aplikasi pelaporan PIKOBAR pada masing-masing kabupaten/kota. Pelaporan data yang diumumkan oleh jubir yaitu sebelum jam 12 pada hari yang sama, tim data provinsi menyiapkan data kasus sembuh dan meninggal yang bersumber dari aplikasi data PIKOBAR.
Caminho na rede formal de cuidado em saúde de pacientes pós-alta hospitalar segundo multimorbidade
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Lopes Lima Melina , Bordin Danielle , Fernandes Furquim Renata Cristini , Andreani Cabral Luciane Patrícia , Muller Erildo Vicente , Berger Fadel Cristina
Published: December 2021

Introdução: A gestão de informações associadas à multimorbidade na atenção hospitalar é relevante para o planejamento de estratégias de prevenção de agravos à saúde em pacientes de maior risco, a fim de oportunizar a organização de sistemas de saúde de modo eficiente. Objetivo: O presente trabalho objetivoudelinear o caminho formal percorrido por pacientes com e sem multimorbidade, considerando o uso da rede pública de saúde após a internação hospitalar. Materiais e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo, utilizando dados primários de 445 pacientes internados em um hospital universitário, no ano de 2018. Os dados foram coletados através de análise do prontuário médico e entrevista telefônica. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Desenvolveu-se um fluxograma, representando os pontos da rede de saúde utilizados pelo paciente após a alta hospitalar, segundo multimorbidade. Verificou-se uma alta prevalência de encaminhamento (com multimorbidade (CM) 93,52%; sem multimorbidade (SM) 97,71%) e comparecimento na atenção secundária à saúde (CM 86,15%; SM 89,63%), um baixo encaminhamento (CM 42,45%; SM 36,27%) e comparecimento na atenção primária à saúde (CM 61,29%; SM 64,81%), e considerando os 3 níveis de atenção juntos, houve um baixo comparecimento (CM 17,98%; SM 21,89%) para ambos os grupos investigados. Discussão: Entende-se que a semelhança de comparecimento em todos os pontos da rede por ambos os grupos é um problema, por tratar de forma igual populações desiguais e consequentemente com necessidades diversas. Conclusões: Sinaliza-se a importância de maior incentivo ao acompanhamento de pacientes com multimorbidade na rede primária de saúde, especialmente no período de pós-alta hospitalar, e a necessidade de fortalecimento da Rede de Atenção à Saúde.
Evaluation of investment funds through different performance measures
Authors: Borges Júnior Dermeval Martins
Published: December 2021

Purpose - The aim of this study is to examine the evaluation of Brazilian equity funds from different performance measures.Theoretical framework - In the literature, several indexes are available that can be used to evaluate the performance of investment funds.Design/methodology/approach - Monthly return data were collected from 1,901 Brazilian equity funds. Fund performance was estimated using four indexes: the Sharpe ratio, the Sortino ratio, Jensen’s alpha, and the Treynor ratio.Findings - The results showed that all four performance measures are positively associated. This means that there are no significant differences in the ranking of Brazilian equity funds in terms of performance.Research, Practical & Social implications - The comparison of different performance indexes contributes to the literature on the subject by providing further data for researchers to adequately define the indexes considered in studies on the performance of funds.Originality/value - This study fills a gap in the literature regarding the analysis of performance measures of investment funds.Keywords - Mutual funds. Equity funds. Performance.
Estimating Transport of Diesel Particulate Emissions in the Portland Metro Using Lagrangian-based Dispersion Modeling
Authors:   ,   Portland State University, Rogers Andrew
Published: December 2021

Air pollution from diesel combustion is a well-known and serious problem which adversely impacts human and environmental health throughout the world. One of the primary pollutants of concern from diesel combustion are the solid particles formed as a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of the diesel, also known as diesel particulate matter. As a result of the ubiquitous use of diesel-fired engines in urban environments, understanding the transport of diesel particulate matter from the exhaust is paramount in assessing human exposure to this toxic pollutant. Air dispersion modeling is one method to study how diesel particulate matter is transported and where the greatest risk of exposure can be found. Emissions of diesel particulate matter were modeled for the Portland metropolitan area by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) using the CALPUFF model. Diesel particulate matter was modeled in 2005 (PATA) and again in 2012 (PATS) by the DEQ. The purpose of this study is to update and enhance the model framework from these two studies to improve the current understanding of exposure to diesel particulate matter in the Portland area. Updates to the model framework include the implementation of a more current meteorological dataset and emissions inventory, and enhancements include using a higher resolution meteorology, and the addition of a new source category, truck distribution centers. Model concentrations from this study underwent a quality assurance (QA) and validation process using ambient monitored black carbon data from monitors in the Portland area. Results of the QA and validation process showed that the enhancements made for this study resulted in modeled concentrations that aligned closer to the monitored concentrations relative to the 2005 and 2012 studies. Using the updates to the model framework from this study, the DEQ can continue to develop future iterations of the PATS study to better understand diesel particulate matter exposure in the Portland area.
Differential response of commercial hybrid and open pollinated maize seeds to mechanical damage during seed processing
Authors: OLISA Babafemi S. , AWOSANMI Femi E. , AKINROPO Michael S. , OJO Philip O. , ISHIAK Khalid , DANLAMI Abdul , EGBO Nwakaku J. , OKEKE Christiana U.
Published: December 2021

Hybrids and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) are two commercial maize seed types cultivated in Nigeria. Information on their response to mechanical damage during processing is limited. This study is thus aimed at assessing the response of hybrids and OPVs of maize seeds to mechanical damage which would facilitate fabrication of processing facilities suitable for either of the maize types. Six maize varieties: three hybids (‘New Kaduna’, ‘SDM-1’, and ‘JO-195’) and three OPVs (‘Sammaz 15’, ‘Sammaz 27’ and ‘Suwan-1-stry’) were used for the study. The seed samples were subjected to standard germination, seedling vigour analysis, accelerated ageing, conductivity and fast green tests. The result showed that all the hybrid seed varieties had more damaged seeds than their OPVs counterpart. Shoot length and root length were more affected than other parts of the seedling. There were differences in the magnitude of electrolyte leakage as well as in what time each seed type (hybrid or OPVs) passed through the phases with ‘JO-195’ having the highest rate of electrolyte leakage. Hybrid seeds had lower resistance to mechanical damage and poorer storability when compared with the OPVs. In the overall, for all the traits, ‘Sammaz 15’, the best among OPVs was more promising when compared with ‘SDM-1’ which was the best among hybrid varieties. Processing machine equipment and accessories that are suitable for hybrid seeds might be inappropriate for conditioning OPVs.
Influence of stubble biodestructor on soil microbiological activity and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: PANFILOVA Antonina
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work was to improve soil fertility and increase the yield of winter wheat using the stubble biodestructor by activating the microbiological activity of the soil. The experimental studies were on the research field of Mykolayiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine). After harvesting the precursor cultures of spring barley and peas the post-harvest residues of these crops were treated with a stubble biodestructor. After treatment of crop residues of spring barley and pea by the stubble biodestructor in the soil layer of 0 up to 20 cm the quantity of cellulose-destructive microorganisms increased by 27.9·105 up to 36.0·105 cfu/g of soil depending on the predecessor culture and the degree of degradation of these residues increased by 31.4 up to 45.1%. The number of nitrogen fixators in the 0-10 cm soil layer grew under the action of treatment of crop residues of spring barley and peas by stubble biodestructor on 13.4 up to 14.1 ·106 cfu/g of soilor 30.3 up to 35.0%. At the same time, a somewhat large number of bacteria in the soil was determined by the processing of post-harvest residues of peas, which was due to the biological characteristics of this legume culture. The average for years of researches at cultivating of winter wheat after spring barley using the stubble biodestructor the grain yield increased by 0.45 t ha–1, or 20.9%, and after pea it increased by 0.67 t ha–1 or 18.8% compared to the treatment variant of stubble just with water.
Influence of plant growth regulators on morphogenic response, biomass and camptothecin production in the callus cultures of Chonemorpha fragrans (moon) Alston
Authors: ISAH Tasiu , SINGH Shruti
Published: December 2021

In vitro morphogenic response of mature seed embryo-derived callus cultures of Chonemorpha fragrans was studied using solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog medium amended with cytokinins or their combinations with naphthalene acetic acid at 0.5 mg L-1. The plant growth regulators (PGRs) combination and concentrations tested could not stimulate organogenesis after three subcultivations of the callus cultures on the same PGRs-amended solid medium and when cultivated in the liquid but, formation of morphogenic callus was observed. Evaluation of biomass and camptothecin production showed that the PGRs influenced biomass and CPT yield of the callus cultures. The alkaloid yield of various explants of 3-4 weeks old axenic seedlings was higher in roots (0.019% CPT) followed by mature seed embryos (0.0053%), cotyledons (0.0039%), hypocotyls (0.0024%) and leaves (0.0017%), and no significant difference was observed in yield of CPT from callus induced from the various explants. Camptothecin yield of morphogenic callus cultures cultivated in liquid medium was lower than that of solid due to extracellular leaching effect of the alkaloid. Amount of synthesized CPT in the callus cultures also varied with PGR type and concentration amended in the cultivation medium, and was association with biomass production. Results of the present study suggest that callus cultures offer alternative tissue source for in vitro CPT yield enhancement through biotechnological approaches, with application in the large-scale production of the alkaloid to conserve the ever-decimated natural population of the medicinal woody climber for CPT.
Fixed Point Theory in Fuzzy Normed Linear Spaces: A General View
Authors: Dzitac Simona , Oros Horea , Deac Dan , Nădăban Sorin
Published: December 2021

In this paper we have presented, firstly, an evolution of the concept of fuzzy normed linear spaces, different definitions, approaches as well as generalizations. A special section is dedicated to fuzzy Banach spaces. In the case of fuzzy normed linear spaces, researchers have been working, until now, with a definition of completeness inspired by M. Grabiec’s work in the context of fuzzy metric spaces. We propose another definition and we prove that it is much more adequate, inspired by the work of A.George and P. Veeramani. Finally, some important results in fuzzy fixed point theory were highlighted.
Determinação social, não! Por quê?
Authors: Minayo Maria Cecília de Souza
Published: December 2021

Resumo: O artigo tem por objetivo provocar uma discussão sobre o uso acrítico da expressão “determinação social de saúde” e demonstrar a impropriedade desse conceito para representar a complexidade do fenômeno e das situações de saúde/doença e todas as questões que envolvem o campo da Saúde Coletiva, frente ao contexto das profundas mudanças da sociedade pós-industrial. O texto assim se organiza: apresenta o percurso da adoção do termo e a vasta produção científica que o utiliza na América Latina, inclusive no Brasil; descreve o determinismo como conceito histórico nascido da Física e da Biologia com reflexos sobre as Ciências Sociais e Humanas; e ressalta o conhecimento sociológico contemporâneo sobre determinação e liberdade, fazendo a crítica do conceito em foco. O texto ressalta a necessidade da área de Saúde Coletiva rever alguns de seus conceitos baseados no modelo de pensamento da sociedade industrial sobre os quais se assentou. E conclui que: determinação social, não! Aceitar que as coisas sejam determinadas significa desdenhar o poder da natureza, a criatividade e a autonomia do indivíduo e da sociedade para agir, desconhecendo a experiência milenar de que tudo o que é historicamente construído pode ser desconstruído pela ação humana e pela aleatoriedade do real. Portanto, qualquer trabalho de cunho libertário precisa levar em consideração, dentro das condições dadas, as forças pessoais, comunitárias, sociais e auto-organizadoras que interagem para a preservação do ambiente e da saúde dos indivíduos e da coletividade.
Las adversativas y una posición ambivalente en la literatura de César Aira
Authors: Riveiro María Belén
Published: December 2021

Resumen El presente artículo identifica que uno de los procedimientos que se pueden rastrear a lo largo de la obra de Cesar Aira son construcciones adversativas denominadas “sí, pero no”. Estas formas que son mera oposición, uno de los principios generadores de la obra, constituyen un eje iluminador para explorar la posición particular que ocupa Aira en el espacio literario. Esta posición atípica replica su ambivalencia en distintas dimensiones: la figura del escritor, la trayectoria editorial, así como su particular vínculo con la recepción crítica. Estas tensiones que explora el artículo se encuentran en una trayectoria exitosa como la de Aira y, en lugar de romper con los límites literarios, reafirman la creencia en el valor de la literatura.
Aquello que actúa sin existir (físicamente). Realismo y fantasma en César Aira
Authors: Sager Valeria
Published: December 2021

Resumen ¿Es el fantasma una figuración del hiato, del agujero en el que la palabra se suelta de su referente material y así de su efecto realista, y queda flotando de algún modo como mero signo? El funcionamiento del signo, la relación entre significado y significante evoca lo espectral y también aquello (la cosa) en lo/la que potencialmente puede convertirse o a lo que puede designar. El fantasma es la figura y la medida de la distancia entre signo y referente. Este trabajo busca explorar el momento de interrupción en el que las palabras y las cosas se solapan únicamente en la extensión de una distancia, como notas de lectura de algunos textos que desde Saussure a Mark Fisher nos permiten encontrar formulaciones de esa longitud para leer sus efectos sobre la invención del realismo en la obra de Aira y especialmente en su novela Los fantasmas.
Os dois índios alegres. Wilcock em Aira
Authors: Antelo Raúl
Published: December 2021

Resumo Difíceis de classificar, os romances de César Aira e os contos de J. Rodolfo Wilcock estão essencialmente relacionados com o estudo de um tempo crepuscular. Mostram o colapso em sociedades em que o curso da vida e a promessa de futuro estão ameaçadas por receios de continuidade da espécie. Ambos escreveram histórias sobrecarregadas e bizarras. Ambos deixam seus leitores perplexos acerca de sua “tradição”. Embora ambos os autores compartilhem um espaço de experiência comum, não há referências de um ao outro em suas obras.
Malraux diante de Picasso
Authors: Cavalcanti Ana Maria Tavares
Published: December 2021

Resumo Uma importante área na produção intelectual de Edson Rosa da Silva foi a tradução. Nessa leitura crítica sobre A cabeça de obsidiana: Malraux diante de Picasso, livro de André Malraux traduzido por Edson Rosa da Silva, destacam-se a atualidade do texto para os estudos da história da arte, assim como a amplitude das ideias e reflexões deflagradas pela obra.
O Projeto de Lei 5595 e o discurso de ódio: a desconstrução da carreira docente no contexto pandêmico
Authors: Araújo Júlio , Freitas Marcos Randall Oliveira de
Published: December 2021

RESUMO A construção discursiva do ódio apresenta muitas facetas e, considerando isso, buscamos nos aproximar dos estudos sobre o fenômeno do discurso de ódio (GLUCKSMANN, 2007) na internet, focando na desconstrução da carreira docente no Twitter. Para a construção e análise dos dados, entrelaçamos a Análise do Discurso Crítica (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001) e a etnografia virtual (HINE, 2005) para investigarmos os processos sociodiscursivos engendrados no discurso de ódio aos professores a partir de comentários feitos no Twitter sobre o Projeto de Lei 5595 (BRASIL, 2020). Os resultados da pesquisa mostram-nos que o fortalecimento do discurso de ódio à carreira docente é um mecanismo de silenciamento dos docentes que estão empenhados na defesa dos direitos humanos. Dessa forma, produzir, distribuir e consumir o discurso de ódio pelas redes sociais é uma prática discursiva nociva, pois demonstra uma intenção clara de destruir, de incitar o mal ou de promover o ódio a determinados grupos sociais minorizados.
O amor de todo mundo, palavras-sementes para mudar o mundo: gramáticas de resistência e práticas terapêuticas de uso social da linguagem por coletivos culturais da periferia em tempos de crise sanitária
Authors: Alencar Claudiana Nogueira de
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Este artigo focaliza a produção de uma gramática cultural de resistência a partir da análise de práticas linguísticas de coletivos culturais da periferia de Fortaleza, Ceará, vivenciadas nas cartografias do Viva a Palavra, um programa de extensão comunitária e de educação popular comprometido com o enfrentamento da violência por meio da valorização das formas de vida e práticas autogestionadas de arte e cultura das juventudes periféricas. Foram geradas palavras-sementes, em uma pesquisa cartográfica, sob a perspectiva da pragmática cultural. Tais palavras e seus temas geradores permitiram a análise de jogos de linguagem, como os círculos de cultura que, embora produzidos de forma remota, funcionam como práticas linguísticas terapêuticas, diante do sofrimento social, agravado pela pandemia de Covid 19. Para esse estudo, foram articulados os conceitos de palavra-mundo de Paulo Freire com os conceitos de jogos de linguagem e terapia da linguagem de Wittgenstein. Também são centrais os trabalhos de Veena Das sobre o sofrimento social e a gramática cultural. A análise mostra os efeitos da violência nas socialidades dos coletivos periféricos e as práticas linguísticas de resistência à violência, na atual crise sanitária mundial.
O ensino remoto emergencial e a exigência imediata de letramento: reflexões sobre um tempo de exceção
Authors: Freire Maximina M.
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Desde o reconhecimento da existência de uma pandemia sem precedentes, o mundo tem sofrido profundas mudanças e restrições. Submetemo-nos ao domínio de práticas remotas de convivência e escolhas lexicais únicas que demandam não apenas ressignificação, mas também revelam expectativa e pré-aceitação de um novo normal provável, no futuro. Se a reverberação dessa conjuntura é planetária, seu impacto é notável, de diversas formas, no âmbito educacional que contempla dinâmicas, ambientações, linguagens e recursos emergenciais para lidar com o imediatismo, simultaneidade e intertextualidade também decorrentes da policrise vigente. Considerando as bruscas mudanças originadas pela pandemia, este artigo discute questionamentos e situações observadas, mas não estritamente equacionadas, durante um extenso período de exceção, ainda emergencial. A partir do concreto e do possível, as reflexões aqui expostas buscam interpretar o cenário digital de exceção, abordando repercussões motivadas pelo deslocamento territorial, explorando linguagens e letramento (multiletramentos e transletramento) e, sobretudo, propondo uma alternativa de expansão das habilidades de produção e compreensão textual para professores e alunos que, lidando com um contexto emergencial a princípio, mas resilientemente duradouro, já antecipam e, em alguma medida, se preparam para o período pós-pandêmico.
Spatial and temporal analyses of culls due to bovine tuberculosis in slaughterhouses of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, 2008 to 2012
Authors: Baptista Tatiany F.S. , Alves Marcelo C. , Pereira-Dourado Stela M. , Costa Geraldo M. , Lopes Edna , Bruhn Fabio R.P. , Braz Mirian S. , Rocha Christiane M.B.M.
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT: The application of spatial and temporal analysis in epidemiology aims to understand the causes and consequences of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in studies of infectious diseases. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic and progressive infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis and is an important zoonosis worldwide. The aim of this study was to conduct spatial and temporal analyses of a secondary database of bTB-positive cases registered by the Federal Inspection Service in two slaughterhouses from the West of Minas mesoregion of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, from 2008 to 2012 and to suggest its use in epidemiological surveillance. The culled cattle with bTB macroscopic lesions during post mortem inspection were considered positive in this study. The data used were the positive cases registered on the “Sistema de Informações Gerenciais do Serviço de Inspeção Federal” (SIG/SIF - Management Information System of the Federal Inspection Service) of the “Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento” (MAPA - Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supplies), the number of animals slaughtered monthly and their municipalities of origin, per slaughterhouse. The prevalence (%) of cases per cattle slaughtered was calculated, and the relationship between these cases of bTB and cases of human tuberculosis (hTB) and the GDP per capita of the mesoregions comprising the municipalities surveyed was evaluated. The prevalence was 1,030 cases of bTB (0.28%). The lowest case numbers and prevalence rates were obtained in 2010, while the highest rates were observed in 2011. Slaughterhouse 1 showed stationarity, while Slaughterhouse 2 showed an increasing annual trend for data since October 2009. A statistical correlation between the numbers of cases of bovine and human TB (p=0.006, r=0.148) was observed. The prevalence for Slaughterhouses 1 and 2 were not correlated (p>0.05). The municipalities of origin demonstrated randomness in their spatial distribution. SIG/SIF-MAPA may be used for the analysis of spatial and temporal distribution to contribute to the monitoring of animal health services with information on the prevalence of culling for bTB in the West of Minas, South/Southwest of Minas, Campo das Vertentes and Zona da Mata mesoregions of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
An Ethnographic and Humanistic View: Does the BC Human Rights Tribunal Hold Promise for Indigenous People?
Authors: Miller Bruce Granville
Published: December 2021

Abstract In this paper I consider if the BC human rights tribunal holds promise for Indigenous peoples or is best understood as Trojan horses that absorb the energies of people who have experienced discrimination and as state-centered institutions which are unable to engage with Indigenous values and practices. The data are derived from an examination of all decisions given by the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal to sort out those brought by or against Indigenous people, interviews with tribunal members and human rights lawyers with tribunal experience, an examination of a seminal case, Radek, and published studies of Indigenous awareness of and attitude towards tribunals. I argue that the tribunal process fails Aboriginal peoples on several grounds and very few cases result in final decisions. But, significantly, the tribunal allows for transformational cases that substantively change the circumstances for Indigenous people of the province.
Studying Across: Anthropology, Conflict Transformation and Cultural Violence in Environmental Conflict
Authors: Fitzpatrick Brenda J.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Using the example of the controversial Site C dam in British Columbia, Canada, this article describes how ethnographic research that incorporated a conflict transformation perspective and included individuals from both sides of the issue highlighted both contrasting views on human-environment relations and the inequitable conditions under which they met through the Environmental Assessment process. The article argues that an anthropological approach that incorporates a conflict transformation perspective is particularly well-suited to identify, and potentially to address, the “discourses, narratives, and worldviews” (Rodriguez and Inturias 2018: 96) that operate as “cultural violence” (Galtung, 1990) in state-Indigenous environmental conflicts, legitimating structural and environmental violence.
Historical justice and reparation for Indigenous Peoples in Brazil and Canada
Authors: Zema Ana Catarina , Drummond Clarisse , Zelic Marcelo , Moreira Elaine
Published: December 2021

Abstract The struggle of Indigenous Peoples for historical justice and reparation has gained visibility with the truth commissions' work in Brazil and Canada. Their final reports confirmed the Canadian and Brazilian states' responsibility for the genocide of thousands of Indians. To start a reconciliation process, several redress recommendations were made, but never fully accomplished. We observed repeated violence acts against Indigenous Peoples in both countries more than five years after these recommendations were published. The purpose of this article is to evaluate, from the Critical Studies of Transitions’ perspective, the reconciling and reparative scope of the Truth Commissions of Brazil and Canada and to analyze the difficulties of implementing their recommendations. We show that despite promises to transform colonial relations, these Truth Commissions have been unable to address the past and the continuity of structural violence affecting Indigenous Peoples.
Osteophagia by Nasutitermes guayanae (Blattodea: Isoptera: Termitidae) on human bone remains in the Andean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia
Authors: RAMOS-PASTRANA Yardany , CÓRDOBA-SUAREZ Eric , WOLFF Marta
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT We present the first report of Nasutitermes guayanae feeding on human bone remains found in an urban area of the municipality of Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, in the Colombian Amazon piedmont. The record indicates an expansion in the diet of these termites. The observation suggests that the association of N. guayanae with decomposing bodies may be a possible tool for the estimation of postmortem intervals.
Ontogenetic skull variation in an Amazonian population of lowland tapir, Tapirus terrestris (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) in the department of Loreto, Peru
Authors: ROJAS Rommel R. , MORA Walter Vasquez , LOZANO Ethersi Pezo , HERRERA Emérita R. Tirado , HEYMANN Eckhard W. , BODMER Richard
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT The skulls of 54 specimens of the South American tapir, Tapirus terrestris collected in the department of Loreto, Peru were measured, analyzed and compared to investigate skull development of this species. Univariate, multivariate and allometric analyses were performed using 32 skull variables through traditional morphometrics. Significant skull shape variation was detected among ontogenetic classes. Young individuals (class I, n = 22) showed higher variation than subadults and adults (class II, n = 23 and class III, n = 9), without evidence of sexual dimorphism (males = 35, females = 19). Principal component analyses and discriminant function analysis showed almost complete separation of the age classes. Allometric analysis indicated a tendency of unproportioned cranial growth. All our samples come from the same population living under the same ecological condition, which eliminates the effect of confounding variables related to habitat on the pattern of ontogenetic variation of this anatomical structure.
Species-rich but defaunated: the case of medium and large-bodied mammals in a sustainable use protected area in the Amazon
Authors: ROSA Dian Carlos Pinheiro , BROCARDO Carlos Rodrigo , ROSA Clarissa , CASTRO Arlison Bezerra , NORRIS Darren , FADINI Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Neotropical medium and large-bodied mammals are key elements in forest ecosystems, and protected areas are essential for their conservation. In Brazil, sustainable use protected areas (SU-PAs) allow both the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources, especially in the Amazon region. However, SU-PAs usually suffer both internal and external pressures, and may be subject to variable degrees of defaunation. We sampled mammals using camera traps in two areas with different forest management and human occupation history in the Tapajós National Forest (TNF), in the western Amazon. Overall, we recorded a rich assemblage of medium and large-sized mammals, though both areas differed in species composition. The area with older and more intense human occupation and forest exploitation had more independent records of generalist species, while large species such as Tapirus terrestris and Panthera onca were recorded exclusively in the area with lower human occupation and no forest management. A comparison of our results with similar studies in other Amazonian sites suggests a reduction in the population size of large-bodied mammals, such as Tapirus terrestris and Tayassu pecari, likely in response to increased human activities. Local differences in human occupation within and between protected areas are common in the Amazon, demanding area-specific actions from public authorities to minimize impacts on wildlife caused by human activities. Specifically in TNF, we recommend long-term monitoring of the responses of mammals to human activities, to better subsidize conservation and management actions.