bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-step preparation of RGO/Fe3O4–FeVO4 nanocomposites as highly effective photocatalysts under natural sunlight illumination
Authors: Alsulami Qana A. , Rajeh A. , Mannaa Mohammed A. , Albukhari Soha M. , Baamer Doaa F.
Published: April 2022

The study used a one-step hydrothermal method to prepare Fe3O4–FeVO4 and xRGO/Fe3O4–FeVO4 nanocomposites. XRD, TEM, EDS, XPS, DRS, and PL techniques were used to examine the structurally and morphologically properties of the prepared samples. The XRD results appeared that the Fe3O4–FeVO4 has a triclinic crystal structure. Under hydrothermal treatment, (GO) was effectively reduced to (RGO) as illustrated by XRD and XPS results. UV–Vis analysis revealed that the addition of RGO enhanced the absorption in the visible region and narrowed the band gap energy. The photoactivities of the prepared samples were evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB), phenol and brilliant green under sunlight illumination. As indicated by all the nanocomposites, photocatalytic activity was higher than the pure Fe3O4–FeVO4 photocatalyst, and the highest photodegradation efficiency of MB and phenol was shown by the 10%RGO/Fe3O4–FeVO4. In addition, the study examined the mineralization (TOC), photodegradation process, and photocatalytic reaction kinetics of MB and phenol.
eDNA-based detection of the invasive crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus in streams with a LAMP assay using dependent replicates to gain higher sensitivity
Authors: Porco David , Hermant Sylvie , Purnomo Chanistya Ayu , Horn Mario , Marson Guy , Colling Guy
Published: April 2022

LAMP assays are becoming increasingly popular in the field of invasive species detection but are still underused in eDNA-based monitoring. Here, we propose a LAMP assay designed to detect the North American crayfish species Pacifastacus leniusculus in water samples from streams. The presence of P. leniusculus was detected through this new LAMP assay in all but one of the nine sites sampled. No correlation was found between ddPCR absolute concentration measurements and the number of LAMP-positive technical replicates. However, we showed that using dependent technical replicates could significantly enhance the detection sensitivity of the LAMP assay. Applied to other assays, it could improve sensitivity and thus allow for a more efficient use of eDNA-based LAMP assays for invasive species detection in aquatic ecosystems.
High serum concentrations of growth differentiation factor-15 and their association with Crohn’s disease and a low skeletal muscle index
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Takeshima Fuminao , Haraguchi Masafumi , Akazawa Yuko , Matsushima Kayoko , Kitayama Moto , Ogihara Kumi , Tabuchi Maiko , Hashiguchi Keiichi , Yamaguchi Naoyuki , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Kondo Hisayoshi , Nakao Kazuhiko
Published: April 2022

Sarcopenia comprises a low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and low muscle strength (MS) or low physical function. Many sarcopenia biomarkers have been reported. With Crohn’s disease (CD), a low SMI is predictive of intestinal complications. Therefore, many CD studies have reported that sarcopenia is defined by SMI alone. This study investigated the sarcopenia frequency by assessing the SMI and MS of Japanese patients with CD and biomarkers predicting a low SMI. We evaluated the SMI using a bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength, and C-reactive protein, albumin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-8, and GDF-15 levels as biomarker candidates for 78 CD patients at our hospital. Sarcopenia and a low SMI were observed in 7.7% and 42.3% of the patients, respectively. There was a significant difference in the GDF-15 levels of the low SMI group and normal group according to the multivariate analysis (P = 0.028; odds ratio [OR], 1.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000–1.002). When evaluated by sex, males exhibited a negative correlation between the GDF-15 level and SMI (Pearson’s r = − 0.414; P = 0.0031), and the multivariate analysis indicated a significant difference in the GDF-15 levels (P = 0.011; OR, 1.001; 95% CI 1.000–1.002). GDF-15 levels may indicate a low SMI with CD.
Clinical evaluation of a real-time artificial intelligence-based polyp detection system: a US multi-center pilot study
Authors: Quan Susan Y. , Wei Mike T. , Lee Jun , Mohi-Ud-Din Raja , Mostaghim Radman , Sachdev Ritu , Siegel David , Friedlander Yishai , Friedland Shai
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been employed in multiple fields, and there has been significant interest in its use within gastrointestinal endoscopy. Computer-aided detection (CAD) can potentially improve polyp detection rates and decrease miss rates in colonoscopy. However, few clinical studies have evaluated real-time CAD during colonoscopy. In this study, we analyze the efficacy of a novel real-time CAD system during colonoscopy. This was a single-arm prospective study of patients undergoing colonoscopy with a real-time CAD system. This AI-based system had previously been trained using manually labeled colonoscopy videos to help detect neoplastic polyps (adenomas and serrated polyps). In this pilot study, 300 patients at two centers underwent elective colonoscopy with the CAD system. These results were compared to 300 historical controls consisting of consecutive colonoscopies performed by the participating endoscopists within 12 months prior to onset of the study without the aid of CAD. The primary outcome was the mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy. Use of real-time CAD trended towards increased adenoma detection (1.35 vs 1.07, p = 0.099) per colonoscopy though this did not achieve statistical significance. Compared to historical controls, use of CAD demonstrated a trend towards increased identification of serrated polyps (0.15 vs 0.07) and all neoplastic (adenomatous and serrated) polyps (1.50 vs 1.14) per procedure. There were significantly more non-neoplastic polyps detected with CAD (1.08 vs 0.57, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in ≥ 10 mm polyps identified between the two groups. A real-time CAD system can increase detection of adenomas and serrated polyps during colonoscopy in comparison to historical controls without CAD, though this was not statistically significant. As this pilot study is underpowered, given the findings we recommend pursuing a larger randomized controlled trial to further evaluate the benefits of CAD.
Rapid identification of human muscle disease with fibre optic Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Alix James J. P. , Plesia Maria , Lloyd Gavin R. , Dudgeon Alexander P. , Kendall Catherine A. , Hewamadduma Channa , Hadjivassiliou Marios , McDermott Christopher J. , Gorman Gráinne S. , Taylor Robert W. , Shaw Pamela J. , Day John C. C.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the use of fibre optic Raman spectroscopy for the rapid identification of muscle disorders.
A dual-signal electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of HPV16 E6 oncoprotein based on PdBP dendritic ternary nanospheres and MBSi-Chi nanocomposites
Authors: Wen Tao , Xia Chenchen , Yu Qiubo , Yu Yujie , Li Siyuan , Zhou Chunli , Sun Kexin , Yue Song
Published: April 2022

A dual-signal electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated to detect HPV16 E6 oncoprotein for the first time, which meets the requirements for a quick and sensitive detection.
Naphthalene-functionalized resorcinarene as selective, fluorescent self-quenching sensor for kynurenic acid
Authors: Karle Anna , Twum Kwaku , Sabbagh Noorhan , Haddad Alise , Taimoory S. Maryamdokht , Szczęśniak Małgorzata M. , Trivedi Evan , Trant John F. , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah
Published: April 2022

Naphthalene-functionalized resorcinarene selectively binds kynurenic acid in the presence of excess tryptophan in aqueous media, highlighting the potential of functionalized resorcinarenes as sensory recognition elements for biomolecular analytes.
A single level tunneling model for molecular junctions: evaluating the simulation methods
Authors: Opodi Esther Martine , Song Xianneng , Yu Xi , Hu Wenping
Published: April 2022

Single-level tunneling models are important in molecular junction studies. The challenge is variations of extracted physical information imposed by the incorrect application under their intrinsic constraints. Thus, providing wrong information about the system.
A label-free and ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for oral cancer overexpressed 1 gene via exonuclease III-assisted target recycling and dual enzyme-assisted signal amplification strategies
Authors: Zhang Dongyou , Wang Yali , Jin Xiaoyu , Xiao Qi , Huang Shan
Published: April 2022

A label-free and ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for ORAOV1 gene via exonuclease III-assisted target recycling and dual enzyme-assisted signal amplification strategies. The detection limit of ORAOV1 gene was as low as 0.019 fM.
Portable particle mass spectrometer
Authors: Hsiao Chun-Jen , Özdemir Abdil , Lin Jung-Lee , Chen Chung-Hsuan
Published: April 2022

In situ and real-time analysis of airborne particulate matter mass distributions using portable particle mass spectrometer.
Fluorescence imaging of intracellular telomerase activity for tumor cell identification by oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticles
Authors: Shan Shan , Li Jiajia , Han Guangmei , Zhang Ruilong , Liu Zhengjie , Zhang Zhongping
Published: April 2022

An oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticle probe was developed and the high-efficiency detection of telomerase activity for cellular imaging toward the identification of tumors was realized.
A boronization-induced amorphous–crystalline interface on a Prussian blue analogue for efficient and stable seawater splitting
Authors: Wang Yikang , Jia Dongmei , Zhang Wenyao , Jia Gan , Xie Haijiao , Ye Wei , Zhu Genping , Gao Peng
Published: April 2022

A durable and efficient surface-boron-rich electrocatalyst for seawater splitting was designed through a NaBH4 reduction strategy.
Visible-light-induced phosgenation of amines by chloroform oxygenation using chlorine dioxide
Authors: Asahara Haruyasu , Takao Nozomi , Moriguchi Maiko , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Ohkubo Kei
Published: April 2022

Visible-light-induced oxygenation of chloroform (CHCl3) using chlorine dioxide (ClO2˙) enables the in situ generation of phosgene (COCl2) and the synthesis of carbamoyl chlorides.
Aziridinium cation templating 3D lead halide hybrid perovskites
Authors: Petrosova Hanna R. , Kucheriv Olesia I. , Shova Sergiu , Gural'skiy Il'ya A.
Published: April 2022

New 3D lead halide hybrid perovskites have been obtained using a unique small aziridinium cation.
Calixarene-mediated host–guest interactions leading to supramolecular assemblies: visualization by microscopy
Authors: Nag Rahul , Rao Chebrolu Pulla
Published: April 2022

Supramolecular host–guest chemistry of calixarenes has been well explored based on spectroscopy, though their architectures can only be revealed through microscopy. Therefore, this article brings out microscopy features into light in a comparative manner.
Construction of highly energetic metal–organic frameworks with a nitrobenzene derivative
Authors: Zong Zhihui , Zhou Feiya , Chang Qinghua , Shen Jingyi , Wang Shan , Liang Lili
Published: April 2022

1 shows low sensitivity and high stability with an intense exothermic process at 295.1 °C and 3 is a lanthanide-based energetic metal–organic framework.
Hydrothermal formation of bismuth-titanate nanoplatelets and nanowires: the role of metastable polymorphs
Authors: Makovec Darko , Križaj Nina , Gyergyek Sašo
Published: April 2022

Nanowires and perovskite crystallites form in the initial stages of hydrothermal synthesis. In continuation, the perovskite dissolves at lower NaOH concentrations, whereas at the higher concentrations the perovskite transforms to the nanoplatelets.
pH dependent reactivity of boehmite surfaces from first principles molecular dynamics
Authors: Smith William , Pouvreau Maxime , Rosso Kevin , Clark Aurora E.
Published: April 2022

Accurate determination of surface pKa values (calculated using free energy methods) and site populations enable prediction of pH dependent properties of boehmite, including nanoparticle morphology and adsorption.
Ethanol electro-oxidation reaction on the Pd(111) surface in alkaline media: insights from quantum and molecular mechanics
Authors: Campeggio Jonathan , Volkov Victor , Innocenti Massimo , Giurlani Walter , Fontanesi Claudio , Zerbetto Mirco , Pagliai Marco , Lavacchi Alessandro , Chelli Riccardo
Published: April 2022

The effect of solvent and of interactions with the Pd-surface on the early H-atom abstraction in the ethanol electro-oxidation reaction is studied.
Pyrolysis of a metal–organic framework followed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, powder diffraction and pair distribution function analysis
Authors: Folkjær Mads , Lundegaard Lars F. , Jeppesen Henrik S. , Marks Melissa J. , Hvid Mathias S. , Frank Sara , Cibin Giannantonio , Lock Nina
Published: April 2022

The pyrolysis of the metal–organic framework Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2 was followed in situ by combined XAS, PXRD and PDF.
Synthesis and reactivity of an iridium complex based on a tridentate aminophosphano ligand
Authors: Palmese Marco , Pérez-Torrente Jesús J. , Passarelli Vincenzo
Published: April 2022

Ligand fragmentation brought about by hydrogen fluoride addition to the Si–N bond in a hydrido iridium(iii) complex based on an aminophosphano ligand.
Improved computational modeling of the kinetics of the acetylperoxy + HO2 reaction
Authors: Kuwata Keith T. , DeVault Marla P. , Claypool Duncan J.
Published: April 2022

New quantum chemical and statistical rate theory calculations predict branching fractions for the acetylperoxy + HO2 reaction in fair to good agreement with recent experiment.
In vitro digestion of designed emulsions based on milk protein and guar gum systems
Authors: Liu Wentao , Lad Mita , Foster Tim
Published: April 2022

Phase separated microstructures/emulsions based on a model system (containing protein, polysaccharides and oil) were found to be able to control lipid digestion (measured in vitro).
Development of an ammonia pretreatment that creates synergies between biorefineries and advanced biomass logistics models
Authors: Morais Ana Rita C. , Zhang Jian , Dong Hui , Otto William G. , Mokomele Thapelo , Hodge David , Balan Venkatesh , Dale Bruce E. , Lukasik Rafal M. , da Costa Sousa Leonardo
Published: April 2022

Biomass densification allows economic long-distance hauling and enables mega-biorefineries that benefit from economies of scale. COBRA-LE pretreatment uses densified biomass to achieve near-theoretical conversion of carbohydrates and usable lignin.
A pH-sensitive W/O emulsion for the preparation and rapid dissolution of polyacrylamide-based friction reducer
Authors: Li Yanping , Liu Ya , Wang Li , Lu Hongsheng
Published: April 2022

The pH-sensitive modified-polyacrylamide emulsion shows a fast dissolution rate with a dissolution time of about 1 min and long storage stability.
Influence of the block copolypeptide surfactant structure on the size of polypeptide nanoparticles obtained by mini emulsion polymerisation
Authors: Judge Nicola , Pavlović Dražen , Moldenhauer Evelin , Clarke Paul , Brannigan Ruairi , Heise Andreas
Published: April 2022

Polypetide nanoparticles obtained by miniemulsion polymerisation of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) are a novel class of tuneable bio-derived functional nano materials for potential applications in nutraceutics, agriculture, and medicine.
Novel poly(epichlorohydrin)-based matrix for monolithic ionogel electrolyte membrane with high lithium storage performances
Authors: Chen Chunming , Chen Qiong , Xie Jian , Chen Zhonghua
Published: April 2022

Novel monolithic ionogel electrolyte membrane based on uncrystallizable poly (epichlorohydrin) is prepared, with high thermal stability and high lithium storage.
Rational synthesis of IR820–albumin complex for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided surgical treatment of tumors and gastrointestinal obstruction
Authors: Feng Xinyu , Cao Yuan , Zhuang Pengrui , Cheng Ran , Zhang Xuejun , Liu Hong , Wang Guohe , Sun Shao-Kai
Published: April 2022

IR820–albumin complexes are rationally synthesized for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided surgeries by various administration routes.
Exploring the emerging applications of the advanced 2-dimensional material borophene with its unique properties
Authors: Bhavyashree M. , Rondiya Sachin R. , Hareesh K.
Published: April 2022

Borophene, a crystalline allotrope of monolayer boron, with a combination of triangular lattice and hexagonal holes, has stimulated wide interest in 2-dimensional materials and their applications.
Theoretical analysis and evaluation of reaction routes by “three-parameter difference”
Authors: Song Yu-Cong , Ding Xiao-Shu , Wu Chang-Cheng , Wang Yan-Ji
Published: April 2022

“Three-parameter difference” analysis of the reaction route for the synthesis of toluene diisocyanate from toluene as raw material.
The effects of functionalized graphene oxide on the thermal and mechanical properties of liquid crystalline polymers
Authors: Bohra Bhashkar Singh , Pandey Neema , Tatrari Gaurav , Rana Sravendra , Sahoo Nanda Gopal
Published: April 2022

Schematics of the complete process for the development of functionalized graphene oxide based LCP nanocomposite.
Drastic improvement in photoelectrochemical water splitting performance over prolonged reaction time using new carrier-guiding semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Noh Siyun , Song Jihoon , Han Sangmoon , Shin Jaehyeok , Yu Yeon-Tae , Kim Jin Soo
Published: April 2022

Significant improvement in photoelectrochemical water splitting performance with respect to reaction time using new carrier-guiding semiconductor core–shell nanostructures.
A Zr-MOF nanoflower sensor and its mixed-matrix membrane for the highly sensitive detection of nitroaromatics
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhong Fangyuan , Chen Faqiang , Luan Tian-Xiang , Li Peizhou , Xu Shiqing , Gao Junkuo
Published: April 2022

A nanoflower-like Zr metal–organic framework CJLU-1 with a 2D layered porous structure and its mixed-matrix membrane were realized as a novel sensing platform for the detection of nitroaromatics in the ppb range.
A time to heal: microRNA and circadian dynamics in cutaneous wound repair
Authors: Fawcett Sandra , Al Kassas Raida , M Dykes Iain , Hughes Alun TL , Ghali Fawaz , Ross Kehinde
Published: April 2022

Many biological systems have evolved circadian rhythms based on the daily cycles of daylight and darkness on Earth. Such rhythms are synchronised or entrained to 24-h cycles, predominantly by light, and disruption of the normal circadian rhythms has been linked to elevation of multiple health risks. The skin serves as a protective barrier to prevent microbial infection and maintain homoeostasis of the underlying tissue and the whole organism. However, in chronic non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), pressure sores, venous and arterial ulcers, a variety of factors conspire to prevent wound repair. On the other hand, keloids and hypertrophic scars arise from overactive repair mechanisms that fail to cease in a timely fashion, leading to excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as such as collagen. Recent years have seen huge increases in our understanding of the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in wound repair. Concomitantly, there has been growing recognition of miRNA roles in circadian processes, either as regulators or targets of clock activity or direct responders to external circadian stimuli. In addition, miRNAs are now known to function as intercellular signalling mediators through extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we explore the intersection of mechanisms by which circadian and miRNA responses interact with each other in relation to wound repair in the skin, using keratinocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts as exemplars. We highlight areas for further investigation to support the development of translational insights to support circadian medicine in the context of these cells.
An Implicit–Explicit Framework for Intervention Methods in Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Baron Lauren S. , Arbel Yael
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

The growing interest in framing intervention approaches as either implicit or explicit calls for a discussion of what makes intervention approaches engage each of these learning systems, with the goal of achieving a shared framework. This tutorial presents evidence for the interaction between implicit and explicit learning systems, and it highlights the intervention characteristics that promote implicit or explicit learning as well as outcome measures that tap into implicit or explicit knowledge. This framework is then applied to eight common intervention approaches and notable combinations of approaches to unpack their differential engagement of implicit and explicit learning.

Conclusions:

Many intervention characteristics (e.g., instructions, elicitation techniques, feedback) can be manipulated to move an intervention along the implicit–explicit continuum. Given the bias for using explicit learning strategies that develops throughout childhood and into adulthood, clinicians should be aware that most interventions (even those that promote implicit learning) will engage the explicit learning system. However, increased awareness of the implicit and explicit learning systems and their cognitive demands will allow clinicians to choose the most appropriate intervention for the target behavior.
Integrative Review and Framework of Suggested Mechanisms in Primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Authors: Desjardins Maude , Apfelbach Christopher , Rubino Marianna , Verdolini Abbott Katherine
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

Despite the high prevalence of primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD-1), its underlying mechanisms and their interrelationships have yet to be fully identified. The objectives of this integrative review were (a) to describe and classify the suggested underlying mechanisms for MTD-1, (b) to appraise the empirical evidence supporting each of the proposed mechanisms, and (c) to summarize the information in an integrative model.

Method:

PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for all publications pertaining to muscle tension dysphonia. Papers were retained if they included theoretical or empirical data pertaining to underlying mechanisms of MTD-1. A total of 921 papers initially qualified for screening, of which 100 remained for consideration in this review. Underlying mechanisms of MTD-1 were extracted using a consensus approach.

Results:

Seven broad categories of putative mechanisms involved in MTD-1 were identified: psychosocial, autonomic, sensorimotor, respiratory, postural, inflammatory, and neuromuscular. These categories were further divided into 19 subcategories detailed in the body of this review article. Based on the reviewed evidence, our proposed integrative model presents MTD-1 as an idiosyncratic motor adaptation to physiological perturbation or perceived threat. Under this model, physiologically or psychologically aversive stimuli can instigate a series of motor adaptations at multiple levels of the nervous system, ultimately disturbing muscle activation patterns and their biomechanical outcomes. Importantly, these adaptations appear to have the potential to become chronic even after threatening stimuli are withdrawn.

Conclusions:

The proposed model highlights the importance of personalized rehabilitation in MTD-1 treatment. Limitations of the literature are discussed to provide guidance for future research aimed at improving our understanding of MTD-1.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19586065
Fed‐NILM: A federated learning‐based non‐intrusive load monitoring method for privacy‐protection
Authors: Wang Haijin , Si Caomingzhe , Liu Guolong , Zhao Junhua , Wen Fushuan , Xue Yusheng
Published: April 2022

Non‐intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is essential for understanding consumer power consumption patterns and may have wide applications such as in carbon emission reduction and energy conservation. Determining NILM models requires massive load data containing different types of appliances. However, inadequate load data and the risk of power consumer privacy breaches may be encountered by local data owners when determining the NILM model. To address these problems, a novel NILM method based on federated learning (FL) called Fed‐NILM is proposed. In Fed‐NILM, instead of local load data, local model parameters are shared among multiple data owners. The global NILM model is obtained by averaging the parameters with the appropriate weights. Experiments based on two measured load datasets are performed to explore the generalization capability of Fed‐NILM. In addition, a comparison of Fed‐NILM with locally trained NILM models and the centrally trained NILM model is conducted. Experimental results show that the Fed‐NILM exhibits superior performance in terms of scalability and convergence. Fed‐NILM out performs locally trained NILM models operated by local data owners and approaches the centrally trained NILM model, which is trained on the entire load dataset without privacy protection. The proposed Fed‐NILM significantly improves the co‐modelling capabilities of local data owners while protecting the privacy of power consumers.
Prospects for a local detection of dark matter with future missions to Uranus and Neptune
Authors: Zwick Lorenz , Soyuer Deniz , Bucko Jozef
Published: April 2022

Aims. We investigate the possibility of detecting the gravitational influence of dark matter (DM) on the trajectory of prospective Doppler-ranging missions to Uranus and Neptune. In addition, we estimate the constraints such a mission can provide on modified and massive gravity theories via extra-precession measurements using orbiters around the ice giants.

Methods. We employed Monte Carlo-Markov chain methods to reconstruct fictitious spacecraft trajectories in a simplified solar system model with varying amounts of DM. We characterise the noise on the Doppler link by the Allan deviation σA, scaled on the Cassini-era value of σACass = 3 × 10−15. Additionally, we compare the precision of prospective extra-precession measurements of Uranus and Neptune with the expected rates from simulations in the context of modifications to the inverse square law.

Results. We estimate that the prospective mission will be sensitive to DM densities of the order of ρDM ∼ 9 × 10−20(σA/σACass) kg m−3, while the 1σ bound on the expected galactic density of ρDM ∼ 5 × 10−22 kg m−3 decreases as 1.0 × 10−20(σA/σACass)0.8 kg m−3. An improvement of two to three orders of magnitude from the baseline Allan deviation would guarantee a local detection of DM. Only a moderate reduction in ranging noise is required to rule out Milgrom’s interpolating function with solar system based observations, and improve constraints the graviton mass beyond current local-based or gravitational wave-based measurements. Our analysis also highlights the potential of future ranging missions to improve measurements of the standard gravitational parameters in the solar system.

Conclusions. We believe that a ranging mission to Uranus and Neptune also presents a unique opportunity for non-planetary science. The noise improvements required to guarantee a local detection of dark matter in the early 2040s are realistic, provided they become one of the priorities during mission development.
Placental Passage of Protopine in an Ex Vivo Human Perfusion System
Authors: Spiess Deborah , Abegg Vanessa Fabienne , Chauveau Antoine , Treyer Andrea , Reinehr Michael , Oufir Mouhssin , Duong Elisa , Potterat Olivier , Hamburger Matthias , Simões-Wüst Ana Paula
Published: April 2022

The placental passage of protopine was investigated with a human ex vivo placental perfusion model. The model was first validated with diazepam and citalopram, 2 compounds known to
cross the placental barrier, and antipyrine as a positive control. All compounds were quantified by partially validated U(H)PLC-MS/MS bioanalytical methods. Protopine was transferred from
the maternal to the fetal circuit, with a steady-state reached after 90 min. The study compound did not affect placental viability or functionality, as glucose consumption, lactate
production, and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, and leptin release remained constant. Histopathological evaluation of all placental specimens showed unremarkable, age-appropriate
parenchymal maturation with no pathologic findings.
Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Versorgungsqualität von therapienaiven PatientInnen mit neovaskulärer altersbedingter Makuladegeneration unter
intravitrealer Aflibercept-Therapie
Authors: Angermann Reinhard , Franchi Alexander , Frede Katharina , Rettenwander Julia , Rettenwander Tanja , Neyer Julia , Stattin Martin , Kralinger Martina , Zehetner Claus
Published: April 2022

Fragestellung Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Versorgungsqualität von therapienaiven PatientInnen mit neovaskulärer altersbedingter Makuladegeneration (nAMD), die vor der Pandemie der
Coronavirus-Krankheit 2019 (COVID-19) eine intravitreale Aflibercept-Therapie erhielten, mit PatientInnen zu vergleichen, die während der Pandemie dieselbe Therapie erhielten.

Methode Es wurden von 297 therapienaiven PatientInnen u. a. die bestkorrigierte Sehschärfe (BCVA) als Logarithmus des minimalen Auflösungswinkels (logMAR) und die anatomischen
Ergebnisse bei Diagnosestellung und bei jeder Nachuntersuchung erfasst. Therapienaive PatientInnen, bei denen mindestens 24 Monate vor dem 1. pandemiebedingten Lockdown eine Therapie
begonnen und die somit ausschließlich vor der Pandemie (n = 123) behandelt wurden, wurden mit PatientInnen verglichen, die innerhalb von 12 Monaten vor dem 1. Lockdown die Therapie starteten
und somit während der Pandemie (n = 174) behandelt wurden. Es wurden beide Gruppen über einen Zeitraum von 2 Jahren beobachtet.

Resultate In der Gruppe, die vor der COVID-19-Pandemie behandelt wurde, blieb die Sehschärfe, verglichen zum Ausgangswert (0,58 ± 0,41 logMAR) bis zum Ende des Beobachtungszeitraums
(0,54 ± 0,34 logMAR) stabil (p = 0,228). Der BCVA von PatientInnen, die während der COVID-19-Pandemie behandelt wurden, verschlechterte sich von 0,56 ± 0,35 bei Therapiestart zu
0,79 ± 0,43 logMAR (p = 0,010) zum Ende des Beobachtungszeitraums. Im Vergleich zu den PatientInnen, die vor der COVID-19-Pandemie behandelt wurden, zeigte die Gruppe, die während der
Pandemie behandelt wurde, eine signifikant schlechtere Sehschärfe nach 6 Monaten (p = 0,041), 12 Monaten (p = 0,040), 18 Monaten (p = 0,024), 21 Monaten (p = 0,035) sowie nach 24 Monaten
(p = 0,004). Darüber hinaus erhielt die während der COVID-19-Pandemie behandelte Gruppe im 2. Behandlungsjahr im Vergleich zur Gruppe, die vor der COVID-19-Pandemie behandelt wurde, weniger
Aflibercept-Injektionen (3,94 ± 1,9 vs. 3,30 ± 1,6; p = 0,007) und weniger Nachsorgeuntersuchungen (2,71 ± 1,2 vs. 2,16 ± 0,9; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung PatientInnen mit nAMD, die während der COVID-19-Pandemie behandelt wurden, hatten eine signifikant schlechtere Visusentwicklung über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von 2
Jahren als PatientInnen, die vor der Pandemie behandelt wurden. Der erschwerte Zugang zur Versorgung könnte auf die Einschränkungen zurückzuführen sein, die aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie
auferlegt wurden.
Netzhaut-Glaskörper-Chirurgie bei Glaukom
Authors: Unterlauft Jan Darius , Schawkat Megir , Zinkernagel Martin
Published: April 2022

Die Glaukome gehen mit einem Untergang von retinalen Ganglienzellen und deren Axonen einher, die sich vornehmlich in der Netzhaut befinden. Die vitreoretinale- und die Glaukomchirurgie
überschneiden sich bei bestimmten Krankheitsbildern in einem nicht geringen Ausmaß. Ziel des vorliegenden Übersichtsartikels ist es, diese Krankheitsbilder darzustellen und
Behandlungsstrategien und die jeweiligen Wirkungsweisen gesammelt aufzuzeigen. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Artikels werden die Themen malignes Glaukom/Aqueous Misdirection Syndrome,
Netzhautchirurgie bei Aderhautamotio und expulsive Aderhautblutung, postoperative Blebitis und Endophthalmitis nach Glaukomoperation und Vitrektomie nach Glaukomoperation zusammen
beschrieben und die bestehenden Therapiepfade beim Management von auftretenden Komplikationen aufgezeigt. Insgesamt sind die Bereiche Glaukom- und Netzhaut-Glaskörper-Chirurgie eng
miteinander verbunden. Kollegen beider Subspezialitäten sollten Kenntnisse über diese sie beide betreffenden Krankheitsbilder haben.
Copper-Mediated Direct Aromatic ortho-C–H Cyanation by AIBN
Authors: Qian Peng-Cheng , Cheng Jiang , Zhou Aijun , Wang Zhenlian , Chen Fan
Published: April 2022

We have developed a copper-mediated chelation-assisted direct aromatic ortho-C–H cyanation that uses AIBN as a safe cyanation reagent. The substrate scope included indoles, pyrroles, a carbazole, and a thiophene.
External-Ligand-Free, Nickel-Catalyzed Alkenylation of N-Sulfonylamines with Internal Alkynes
Authors: Li Jia-Yue , Li Lun , Shi Hang , Lin Yun-Zhi
Published: April 2022

Allylic amines were synthesized via a nickel-catalyzed coupling reaction between various N-sulfonylamines and internal alkynes. The catalytic reaction was by-product-free and proceeded without the need for additional oxidant/reductant or activating reagent. As improvements over established methods, the present approach avoids the need for an external ligand, which increases the value of the approach with respect to atom economy, and it uses bench-stable Ni(II)Br2(dme) instead of Ni(0)(COD)2 as the source of the nickel catalyst. Mechanistic studies revealed that a catalytic amount of a strong base (i.e., KO
t
Bu) was essential for the formation of active Ni(0) catalyst, which, along with an imine intermediate, then initiated the catalytic cycle.
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Jagtap Nitin , Reddy D. Nageshwar , Tandan Manu
Published: April 2022

Lower gastrointestinal (LGI) bleeding indicates bleeding from colon or anorectum. Typically, patients with LGI bleeding present with bright red blood per rectum or hematochezia, although rarely they can present with melena as well. Alternatively, LGI bleeding is also defined as bleeding from a source within potential reach of a colonoscope, that is, colon and terminal ileum. LGI bleedings have more favorable outcomes than upper GI (UGI) bleeding and less common than UGI bleeding. Any patient presenting with GI bleeding should undergo a detailed history and physical examination for clues that may suggest source and possible etiology. Colonoscopy remains the most widely used and preferred instrument of choice for both diagnosis and therapy. This review will discuss in brief the causes, triaging, and role of colonoscopy in the management of LGI bleeding.
The Relationship between Contralateral Suppression of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission and Unmasking of Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response
Authors: Kalaiah Mohan Kumar , Mishra Keshav , Shastri Usha
Published: April 2022

Introduction Several studies have shown that efferent pathways of the auditory system improve perception of speech-in-noise. But, the majority of investigations assessing the role of efferent pathways on speech perception have used contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions as a measure of efferent activity. By studying the effect of efferent activity on the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR), some more light could be shed on the effect of efferent pathways on the encoding of speech in the auditory pathway.

Objectives To investigate the relationship between contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emission (CSTEOAE) and unmasking of speech ABR.

Methods A total of 23 young adults participated in the study. The CSTEOAE was measured using linear clicks at 60 dB peSPL and white noise at 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL). The speech ABR was recorded using the syllable /da/ at 80 dB SPL in quiet, ipsilateral noise, and binaural noise conditions. In the ipsilateral noise condition, white noise was presented to the test ear at 60 dB SPL, and, in the binaural noise condition, two separate white noises were presented to both ears.

Results The F0 amplitude of speech ABR was higher in quiet condition; however, the mean amplitude of F0 was not significantly different across conditions. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the CSTEOAE and the magnitude of unmasking of F0 amplitude of speech ABR.

Conclusions The findings of the present study suggests that the efferent pathways are involved in speech-in-noise processing.
WhatsApp and Gynecologist-Patient Interaction: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Stress Perceived by the Doctor
Authors: Veiga Melissa Gonzalez , Felizi Rogério Tadeu , Fernandes César Eduardo , Oliveira Emerson
Published: April 2022

Objective Construction and validation of the WhatsApp Stress Scale (WASS), a questionnaire designed for physicians that measures how the use of smartphones and related software communication applications affects the quality of life of gynecologists who use this tool to communicate with patients.

Methods The present cross-sectional observational study analyzed 60 gynecologists according to weekly WhatsApp usage time for communication with patients and compared the data with the perception of the doctor on the use of this virtual interaction as a stressor. Physicians were equally divided into three groups: < 2 hours, 2 to 5 hours, and > 5 hours. The authors created a questionnaire in Likert scale format. The study proceeded in three phases: development of the questionnaire items, pretesting, constructing, and validity and reliability testing using factor analysis, Cronbach α coefficient, and paired t-test.

Results A 9-item instrument using a 5-point Likert scale was created and administered to the participants in 3 different times: T0, T1 (15 minutes after the end of T0), and T2 (15 days later). All questionnaire items possessed adequate content validity indices and the internal consistency of the instrument was satisfactory (Cronbach α 0.935; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.744–0.989; p = 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were observed in the responses between the rounds of testing, indicating good test-retest reliability. A positive association between the high frequency of WhatsApp usage for communication with patients and the stress perceived by the doctor was shown.

Conclusion The WASS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the use of messaging applications to communicate with patients as a stressor perceived by gynecologists.
Microfluidic techniques help expand applications for all-aqueous emulsion droplets
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: April 2022

Advances in forming and stabilizing droplets are poised to allow for further development in applications such as purification, cell encapsulation, partitioning, and recovery of biological products.
Revealing progress, challenges, in flexible zinc ion battery design
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: April 2022

Study paves a path toward eventual widespread application of promising flexible electronic device energy supply
Collective plasma effects of electron–positron pairs in beam-driven QED cascades
Authors: Qu Kenan , Meuren Sebastian , Fisch Nathaniel J.
Published: April 2022

Understanding the interplay of strong-field QED and collective plasma effects is important for explaining extreme astrophysical environments like magnetars. It has been shown that QED pair plasma can be produced and observed by passing a relativistic electron beam through an intense laser field. This paper presents in detail multiple sets of 3D QED-particle-in-cell simulations to show the creation of pair plasma in the QED cascade. The beam driven method enables a high pair particle density and also a low particle Lorentz factor, which both play equal roles on exhibiting large collective plasma effects. Finite laser frequency upshift is observed with both ideal parameters (24 PW laser colliding with a 300 GeV electron beam) and with existing technologies (3 PW laser colliding with a 30 GeV electron beam).
Stellarator optimization for nested magnetic surfaces at finite β and toroidal current
Authors: Baillod A. , Loizu J. , Graves J. P. , Landreman M.
Published: April 2022

Good magnetic surfaces, as opposed to magnetic islands and chaotic field lines, are generally desirable for stellarators. In previous work, Landreman et al. [Phys. of Plasmas 28, 092505 (2021)] showed that equilibria computed by the Stepped-Pressure Equilibrium Code (SPEC) [Hudson et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 112502 (2012)] could be optimized for good magnetic surfaces in vacuum. In this paper, we build upon their work to show the first finite-β, fixed-, and free-boundary optimization of SPEC equilibria for good magnetic surfaces. The objective function is constructed with the Greene's residue of selected rational surfaces, and the optimization is driven by the SIMSOPT framework [Landreman et al., J. Open Source Software 6, 3525 (2021)]. We show that the size of magnetic islands and the consequent regions occupied by chaotic field lines can be minimized in a classical stellarator geometry (rotating ellipse) by optimizing either the injected toroidal current profile, the shape of a perfectly conducting wall surrounding the plasma (fixed-boundary case), or the vacuum field produced by the coils (free-boundary case). This work shows that SPEC can be used as an equilibrium code both in a two-step or single-step stellarator optimization loop.
Reactive burn model calibration using high-throughput initiation experiments at sub-millimeter length scales
Authors: Kittell D. E. , Knepper R. , Tappan A. S.
Published: April 2022

A first-of-its-kind model calibration was performed using Sandia National Laboratories’ high-throughput initiation (HTI) experiment for two types of vapor-deposited explosive films consisting of hexanitrostilbene (HNS) or pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). These films exhibit prompt initiation, and they reach steady detonation at sub-millimeter length scales. Following prior work on HNS, we test the hypothesis of approximating these explosive films as fine-grained homogeneous solids with simple Arrhenius kinetics burn models. The model calibration process is described herein using a single-step as well as a two-step Arrhenius rate law, and it consists of systematic parameter sampling leading to a reduction in the model degrees of freedom. Multiple local minima are observed; results are given for seven different optimized parameter sets. Each model set is further evaluated in a two-dimensional simulation of the critical failure thickness for a sustained detonation. Overall, the two-step Arrhenius kinetics model captures the observed behavior for HNS; however, neither model produces a good fit to the PETN data. We hypothesize that the HTI results for PETN correspond to a heterogeneous response, owing to the smaller reaction zone of PETN compared to HNS (i.e., it does not homogenize the fine-grained hot spots as well). Future work should consider using the ignition and growth model for PETN, as well as other reactive burn models such as xHVRB, AWSD, PiSURF, and CREST.
Design and research of a novel structure for extended interaction oscillators
Authors: Qing Jie , Niu Xinjian , Zhang Tianzhong , Liu Yinghui , Guo Guo , Li Hongfu
Published: April 2022

To improve the bandwidth and output of an extended interaction oscillator (EIO), this article proposes a new structure and tests its S parameters. Through simulation analysis and theoretical calculations, it is verified that the structure cannot only increase the bandwidth of the device but also suppress the influence of weak-coupling characteristics of the grating and increases the power capacity of the device. The optimized structure was analyzed by particle-in-cell simulations. The results show that the X-EIO structure has a wide electrical tuning range of 800 MHz under the condition that the effective output is not less than 150 W. The dual-coupling hole of this structure cannot only obtain the same frequency and the same power output synchronously but also has higher efficiency and greater power than the traditional single-hole output. With oxygen-free copper as the background material, at 20.8 kV, 1 A electron beam injection, both coupling holes can obtain a power of more than 2.6 kW, and the highest output efficiency reaches 12.67%. The slow-wave structure has been assembled and tested, and the distribution result of its S parameter is similar to the simulation result, which can achieve broadband adjustable output.
Magnetotransport due to conductivity fluctuations in non-magnetic ZrTe2 nanoplates
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Yihao , Wu Min , Li Junbo , Miao Shaopeng , Hou Qingyi , Li Yun , Zhou Jianhui , Zhu Xiangde , Xiong Yimin , Ning Wei , Tian Mingliang
Published: April 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides with nontrivial band structures exhibit various fascinating physical properties and have sparked intensive research interest. Here, we perform systematic magnetotransport measurements on ZrTe2 nanoplates prepared by mechanical exfoliation. We reveal that the negative longitudinal magnetoresistivity observed in the strong field region in the presence of parallel electric and magnetic fields could stem from conductivity fluctuations caused by excess Zr in the nanoplates. In addition, the parametric plot, which shows the planar Hall resistivity as a function of the in-plane anisotropic magnetoresistivity, has an ellipse-shaped pattern with a shifted orbital center, which further strengthens the evidence for the conductivity fluctuations. Our work provides some useful insights into transport phenomena in topological materials.
Active learning of tandem flapping wings at optimizing propulsion performance
Authors: Ji Tingwei , Jin Fan , Xie Fangfang , Zheng Hongyu , Zhang Xinshuai , Zheng Yao
Published: April 2022

In the present work, we propose an optimization framework based on the active learning method, which aims to quickly determine the conditions of tandem flapping wings for optimal performance in terms of thrust or efficiency. Especially, multi-fidelity Gaussian process regression is used to establish the surrogate model correlating the kinematic parameters of tandem flapping wings and their aerodynamic performances. Moreover, the Bayesian optimization algorithm is employed to select new candidate points and update the surrogate model. With this framework, the parameter space can be explored and exploited adaptively. Two optimization tasks of tandem wings are carried out using this surrogate-based framework by optimizing thrust and propulsion efficiency. The response surfaces predicted from the updated surrogate model present the influence of the flapping frequency, phase, and separation distance on thrust and efficiency. It is found that the time-average thrust of the hind flapping wing increases with the frequency. However, the increase in frequency may lead to a decrease in propulsive efficiency in some circumstances.
Symmetric Fermi projections and Kitaev’s table: Topological phases of matter in low dimensions
Authors: Gontier David , Monaco Domenico , Perrin-Roussel Solal
Published: April 2022

We review Kitaev’s celebrated “periodic table” for topological phases of condensed matter, which identifies ground states (Fermi projections) of gapped periodic quantum systems up to continuous deformations. We study families of projections that depend on a periodic crystal momentum and respect the symmetries that characterize the various classes of topological insulators. Our aim is to classify such families in a systematic, explicit, and constructive way: we identify numerical indices for all symmetry classes and provide algorithms to deform families of projections whose indices agree. Aiming at simplicity, we illustrate the method for zero- and one-dimensional systems and recover the (weak and strong) topological invariants proposed by Kitaev and others.