bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ГРАНТОВІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ ПРОГРАМИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ КОМІСІЇ «ЄДИНИЙ РИНОК»
Authors: Кобеля-Звір М. Я.
Published: January 2024

У статті розглянуто грантові можливості програми Європейської комісії Single Market Programme (SMP). Наведено її цілі, пріоритети та дестинації. Названо основні компоненти програми, які є актуальними для України та націлені на: посилення конкурентоздатності та стійкості МСП і розробку та розповсюдження статистики в Європі на високому рівні. Продемонстровано, що приєднання України до європейської програми «Single Market Programme» відкрило українським підприємствам доступ до підпрограм за такими основними напрямками: сприяння потраплянню МСБ на зовнішні ринки - консультації з приводу експорту-імпорту МСБ в ЄС та загалом; поліпшення умов для утримання на рівні конкурентів - у т.ч. просування інтернаціоналізації кластерів, визначення та усунення зайвих регуляторних бар’єрів; формування культури ведення бізнесу - освітні програми, проведення секторальних тренінгів, семінарів, програм із обміну, стажувань тощо. У статті здійснено огляд грантових можливостей в межах програми «Single Market Programme» для представників малого та середнього підприємництва. Акцентовано на тому, що «Single Market Programme» вважають найбільшою глобальною європейською програмою на 2022-2027 роки. Підсумовано, що представники малого та середнього підприємництва в Україні завдяки програмі «Single Market Programme» мають можливість не лише користуватися інтегрованим пакетом порад щодо того, як впроваджувати інновації та зростати на міжнародному рівні, брати участь у спільних кластерних ініціативах, але й залучати грантові ресурси від Європейської інноваційної ради та в межах проекту «Ерасмус для молодих підприємців». Як висновок, зроблено наголос на тому, що використання інструментів програми Single Market Programme українськими підприємцями сприятиме підвищенню їхньої конкурентоспроможності та стійкості, а позаконкурсна основа отримання грантів національними статистичними інститутами та іншими національними органами сприятиме створенню та поширенню високоякісної європейської статистики.
Comparison the effect of different irrigation on post-operative pain in cases with irreversible pulpitis
Authors: M. Zeidan Baidaa , A. Abass Abeer , Nabeel Mustafa
Published: January 2024

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of irrigants  solution on postoperative pain after root canal treatment.

Materials and method: 75 patients with irreversible pulpitis on the lower mandibular premolars teeth, after diagnosis  all cases were treated in a single visit  in a private clinic  over a period of 18 months. selected for this investigation endodontic treatment for the teeth using a wave one technique and then we divided the patients into 3 groups each group consist of 25 patients : in G.I irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).G.II  irrigated with chlorhixdine and GIII irrigated with NaOCl, followed by  EDTA 17% then CHX ( using conventional needle irrigation was performed with a 27-G (Appli-Vac) needle and syringe). The needle was placed short of the binding point or 2mm from the working length and irrigant was expressed over 30 seconds.)after irrigation the canals Will dried with paper point then obuterated it with guttapercha , a temporary filling covered the teeth after that   we asked the patient to record the postoperative pain after 6_12h , 24_48 h & one week , by using annual scale(AVS)the results show that the pain in G.III is the lowest pain than the other two groups.

Conclusion the uses of the combination of irrigants solution resulting in less postoperative pain after endodontic treatment.

The aim is to compare the effect of different irrigants solution on postoperative pain after root canal treatment.
Centering ability of variety of instruments and techniques used to over-instrument simulated tiny curved canals.
Authors: Youel Eliya Sargon , Fahim Salman Raid
Published: January 2024

Aim: To determine centering ability of variety of instruments and techniques used to over-instrument simulated tiny curved canals.

Method: Standardized eighty blocks of clear resin, each had a canal of 20 mm in length, the straight portion was 17 mm in length, while the length of the curved apical portion was 3 mm, with a curvature of 20˚ and a radius of 4 mm, its size was equal to no.8 .02 ISO K-file, the resin blocks were divided into 8 groups, six of them were over instrumented by 1mm using hand SS K-files and Ni-Ti K-files in step back technique, Gates-Glidden drills and hand SS K-files and Ni-Ti K-files in hybrid technique, ProTaper and ProFile rotary file system in crown down technique, while two groups were under instrumented by 1 mm using hand SS K-files in step back technique and ProTaper rotary file system in crown down technique.

Results: Regarding Centering ability for Over-instrumentation techniques, there was a significant difference at p < 0.05 in favor of crown down technique, in favor of Ni-Ti over the SS, and in favor of rotary instruments over the hand instruments. For under-instrumentation groups, there was a significant difference at p < 0.05 with in favor of hand SS instruments in step back technique over the rotary Ni-Ti instruments in crown down technique. Also there was a significant difference between the over and under instrumentation techniques at p < 0.05, with in favor of under instrumentation techniques.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, crown down technique gave better results than step back and hybrid technique, as well Ni-Ti instruments performed better than SS instruments. Rotary instruments had less deviation than the hand instruments when used inside simulated tiny curved resin canals.
Comparison between apex locater and conventional radiography in working length determination of maxillary first molars: a clinical study
Authors: F. Alshaikhli Methal , K. Baldawi Marwa , A. Ali Nizal , A. Ali Nizal
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to compare the working length (WL) measurement results of conventional periapical radiographies and electronic apex locater (EAL).

Materials and method: This study was conducted during sessions of root canal treatment of 10 patients diagnosed with acute pulpitis. A total 30 root canals measurement (ten 1st upper molars, each with 1 palatal canal and 2 buccal canals) were included in the data analysis.  A linear correlation and linear regression tests were utilized to check for a linear association between apex locator and X-ray measurements. Measurements of all roots were first included in the linear correlation test, and then measurements of each type of roots (palatal, mesio- buccal and disto- buccal) were tested separately. Significant linear correlations were then tested with linear regression test to formulate an equation which can predict X-ray measurements from corresponding apex locator measurements.

Results: Generally, apex locator shows a linear correlation with X-ray in terms of measuring working length of the root (P <0.001). The accuracy of apex locator varies according to the site of the tooth root under investigation, with being most accurate at disto-buccal (Pearson’s r= 0.98, P< 0.001) and least accurate at palatal roots  (Pearson’s r=0.57, P=0.084).

Conclusion: Working length measurement of mesio-buccal and disto-buccal roots using electronic apex locater was precise when compared to radiographic method. While in palatal roots, WL measurements using apex locator were inaccurate when compared to radiographic method.
Anticandedal Effect action of Different Concentrations of Aglycon fraction of Anthroquinon (monoanathron) isolated from Aloe vera on Heat cure Acrylic Resins
Authors: Kadhum  Farhood Intisar , Saran  B. Pharm Huda , Nabeel Farah , Al-ansary Hanan
Published: January 2024

Aim of study: to investigate the effects of   different concentrations of aloe vera , aglycon part (monoanathron ) against candida albicance adhere   to two types of heat cure acrylic  resin denture base (conventional and Hi- impact) on two periods of time (30 minutes and 8 hours).

Materials & methods: A total of 120 specimens were prepared, sixty specimens of each hot cure denture base acrylic resin material, each sixty specimens were farther divided into two subgroups of 30 specimens according to the time of immersion, each 30 specimens were farther subdivided into three 10 specimen groups according to the concentration of aleo vera used, isolation of free aglycon (Monoianthron) from anthroquinon glycoside of aloe vera plant; Candida albicans isolation and identification and preparation of candida albicans suspension; autoclaved specimens of each sub-group for both heat cure acrylic resins were placed into the tubes containing brain heart infusion plus inoculum and remained for 12 hours at 37 0C in order to favor an initial colonization of the acrylic resin surfaces, the disinfection step was performed over two periods, colony formation was then counted after incubation.

Results:  The two concentration of aloe Vera studied in the present investigation exhibited varying degree of inhibitory effect against candida albicans adherent to different type of  heat cure denture base acrylic resins. The degree of inhibition varied depending on the concentration of the extract while the period of immersion has no significant effect on the number colony.

Conclusion: with the limitation of this study it can be concluded that 100% and 75% concentrations of monoanthron aglycon part of anthroquinon isolated from aloe vera have anticandidal effect, 100%concentration has  higher effect than75%. Immertion period has no effect on the anticandidal activity of the solutions.
Evaluation of biocompatibility of Commercial Pure Titanium / Bioactive Glass Ceramic Functionally Graded Material as Dental Implant Material In-Vivo study
Authors: Adnan Abbood Ghazwan , Kreem Jasim Raghdaa
Published: January 2024

Background: the ultimate goal of modern implantology is fine and fast osseointegration which is a major factor influencing the success of dental implantation, and the optimum circumstances of it the biointegration which is the occurrence of continuity of ceramic implant to bone without intervening space.  

Material and method: Two groups of cylindrical implant specimens were prepared from functionally graded material and commercial pure titanium. Each group composed of 40 implant specimens.  The femur of 20 white male New Zealand rabbits, were chosen as implantation sites.  Push out test was performed to measure bone bonding strength between implant specimen and bone after 2 and 4 weeks healing periods (10 rabbits for each periods). For each time interval 20 implant specimens for each group, which implanted in rabbits. Histological study for evaluation of tissue response and histomorphometric analysis was performed for measurement of new bone area at two time intervals.

Result: the results of push out force and new bone formation area appeared that mean values of functionally graded material implant specimens were a statistically highly significant more than that of commercial pure titanium implant specimens after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of implantation. In histological examination, there was an active osteoid tissue around functionally graded material implants and hematopoietic tissues around commercial pure titanium implants after 2 weeks, and there was an osteoid maturation with observation of reversal lines around functionally graded material implants and new bone formation with osteocyte around commercial pure titanium implants after 4 weeks of implantation.
Prevalence and reasons for tooth extraction among adult patients attending the Teaching Hospital at College of Dentistry/ Mustansiriyah University
Authors: Sahban Ibraheem Noor
Published: January 2024

Materials and Methods: The present study included 2165 patients (2500 teeth were extracted) attending Oral Surgery clinic of the teaching hospital at College of Dentistry/ Mustansiriyah University during the period from October 2016 to May 2017. The patients’ ages ranged between (15-77 years). A standard case sheet for Oral Surgery clinic was filled with all the necessary information such as age, gender, tooth to be extracted and reasons of tooth extraction.

Results: Dental caries and its complications were the primary cause of teeth extraction with (80.3%) followed by periodontal diseases (13.4) and other causes (6.4%). Tooth extraction due to dental caries was higher in males (59.2%) than females (40.8%). Tooth extraction due to periodontal diseases was also high in males (72.2%) compared to females (27.8%) with high significance (p= 0.000). In age groups 30-39 years and 40-49years, extraction due to dental caries was found equally high being 22.4%, while  extraction due to periodontal diseases was high in age group ≥60 (38.3%) and in age group 50-59 (32.6%) with high significance (p = 0.000).  Extraction of maxillary posterior teeth constituted (44.9%) and mandibular posterior teeth (37.8%), the posterior teeth were the most common teeth extracted because of caries, while mandibular anterior teeth (27.5%) followed by maxillary posterior teeth (26.6%) were the most common teeth extracted due to periodontal diseases with high significance (p = 0.000).

Conclusion: Dental caries was the primary cause for tooth extraction followed by periodontal diseases. There was a significant correlation between the reasons for tooth extraction and the patient’s gender, age and tooth position. The study showed the need for a comprehensive preventive plans and effective educational campaigns to reduce the need for tooth extraction among adults and increase patient’s awareness toward better oral health status.
Studying Some Properties of Microwave-Cured Resin After Adding PP Fibers and ZrO2 NPs
Authors: Khalid Aziz Hawraa , Ezat abdul almajeed Alaa
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: Since the introduction of acrylic resin as a denture base material, it suffered from having unsatisfactory properties and processing method. So, the use of microwave cured technique for the acrylic as modified procedure to simplify the manipulation of laboratory procedure and reinforcing of polymer by materials such as fibers and nanoparticles can maintain good resin material and to overcome these limitations. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding polypropylene fibers with and without different concentration of ZrO2nanoparticles into resin on some properties such as surface hardness and roughness.

Materials and methods: 100 samples were split into 2 groups depending on test type, 50 specimens were subdivided into 5 groups (control group without any reinforcement, reinforced with polypropylene fibers group alone and other three groups reinforced acrylic with polypropylene fibers with 0.5%,1%,1.5%ZrO2 respectively).

Results: The results of polypropylene fibers addition into acrylic revealed a non-significant for both tests. The addition polypropylene fibers with ZrO2 nanoparticles showed significant heightening in the hardness and significant decrease in surface roughness.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was both ZrO2nanoparticles with polypropylene fibers addition into resin improved the surface hardness with reduction in the surface roughness of acrylic resin.
Shear Bond Strength of Acrylic Denture Teeth to Different Pmma/Mgo % Reinforcing Nanofillers
Authors: Ameen ALwash Aymen , Nafea Yaseen Ihab , Abdul Latif Rashid Amal
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: The objective of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of acrylic denture teeth to different PMMA/MgO % (2%, 4%, and 6%) reinforcing nanofillers

Materials and method: 40 specimens of heat cure acrylic resin (PMMA) were prepared and divided into four groups 10 specimens for each group as follows; Control Group (Group1) without MgO nano filler particles; Group (2) with 2% by weight of MgO; Group (3) with 4% by weight of MgO and Group (4) with 6% by weight of MgO. Wax pattern sample which used for acrylic cylindrical shape fabrication were (25 mm in length and 5mm in diameter, the base of the cylinder which is 5mm in thickness and 8mm in length). Shear bond strength of all specimens was evaluated.

Results: Showed in the PMMA+MgO 4% showed the maximum mean value of upper bound of shear bond strength which was equaled to (14.859) while the control group PMMA recorded the minimum value of lower bound of shear bond strength (8.190).

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between control group PMMA and (PMMA+MgO 2%, PMMA+MgO 6%), but there was a significant difference between PMMA+Mgo4% compared with control group PMMA.
Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Hyflex EDM and ProTaper Gold Files at Different Locations of Canal Curvature
Authors: A. Malik Ahmed A. Malik , M. Al Zaka Iman
Published: January 2024

Aim: Study's purpose was to evaluate and compare the fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold and Hyflex EDM files at five different locations of canal curvature.

Methods: Two types of NiTi files; ProTaper Gold and Hyflex EDM (n=80) with similar sizes (25/0.08) were used as two main groups (n=40), each group subdivided into five subgroups (n=8) according to distance from the orifice to curvature which are; 11, 10, 8, 6 and 5 mm. Five stainless steel canals were fabricated. Each canal had 16 mm length, 1.5 mm width and single curvature with 3-mm radius and 60° angle.  Fractured samples were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA and Posthoc tests assessed the data statistically.

Results: Number of cycles to fatigue for the Hyflex EDM file was significantly higher than the ProTaper Gold file at all curvature levels (p≤0.05). The files demonstrated significantly higher number of cycles to fatigue in canals of (10 and 11) mm when compared to the canals of (5, 6, and 8) mm (p≤0.05).

Conclusion: Hyflex EDM files showed higher fatigue resistance than ProTaper Gold files. The canal curvature position had a substantial impact on the resistance of the NiTi file, with short life coronally.
Chemerin as a Biomarker for Periodontitis in Systemically Healthy and Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mouyed Abdulmajeed Samaa , Sh Mahmood Maha
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary levels of chemerin in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and methods: A total of 88 subjects were divided into four groups; 13 systemically healthy individuals having a healthy periodontium (control group), 25 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy periodontium (T2DM group), 25 patients with generalized periodontitis (P group), 25 patients with generalized periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (P-T2DM group). The clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PLI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were determined. Unstimulated saliva was gathered, and the concentration of chemerin was estimated utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: The results showed that the mean concentrations of chemerin were highest in the P-T2DM group with a mean (of 1.598±0.1499 ng/ml) followed by the P group (1.445±0.1021 ng/ml), T2DM group (1.368±0.096 ng/ml), and control group (1.229±0.152 ng/ml), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference among groups at (p<0.05). For the correlation of chemerin with clinical periodontal parameters, chemerin correlated with PPD in the P group at p= 0.014, and chemerin correlated with clinical periodontal parameters PLI, BOP, and PPD in the P-T2DM group at (p=0.006, p< 0.000, p=0.035), respectively.

Conclusion: Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus caused an increase in salivary chemerin concentration, which might be used as a marker for both diabetes and periodontitis.
The Effect of Polishing Techniques on Surface Roughness of Two Different Denture Base Materials
Authors: Hazim Kassoob Ahmed , Nafea Yaseen Ihab
Published: January 2024

Background: Regarding acrylic resin, a direct link was found between surface roughness, plaque buildup, and microbial adhesion. However, the current polyamide material's surface characteristics are still debatable, especially after utilizing conventional polishing and finishing techniques. Heat curing acrylic resin makes it easy to evaluate the surface characteristics of each material and to follow advice for the best practices.

Objectives: The aim of the current study is to evaluate and compare the surface Roughness of heat cure acrylic resin and flexible acrylic resin materials before and after different surface treatments.

Material and Method: A total of (80) sample were prepared. These samples were divided into two main groups (made from heat cure acrylic resin and flexible acrylic resin). Each group contains (40) samples and were divided into four additional groups according to the surface’s polishing treatment. Each group of material have (10) specimens, the first group was polished with pumice, the second groups were polished with pumice and then glazed, the third group was polished with investment (Phosphate bonded investments) and then glazed, and the fourth group was glazed. A digital surface roughness tester meter (TR: 220) device was used to indicate the values of the roughness of specimens before and after surface polishing treatment.

Results: The result of surface roughness of heat cure acrylic resin using t-test analysis revealed that a significance difference among all the study groups (p< 0.05). The result of surface roughness of flexible acrylic resin using t-test analysis revealed that a significance difference was reported between all the study groups (p< 0.05).

Conclusion: It was concluded the surfaces roughness was decreased in the control group of (heat cure acrylic resin and flexible acrylic resin materials) when polished with pumice, while it was increased in the experimental groups after polished with glaze material. Compared to pumice and burning investment materials, the polishing material (light cure glaze) is noticeably rougher.
The effect of thermo-cycling on fracture strength of 3D printing and PMMA interim prostheses
Authors: Qassim Hadi Maab , Fadhil Dulaimi Suha
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: This study compared the fracture resistance of three-dimensional printing (3D) interim restoration with that polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), interim restoration.

Materials and methods: In the present study upper molar (dentoform) tooth was prepared for full coverage crowns. The prepared model was digitally scanned by extra-oral scanner. Duplication of the master die into metal dies (chrome cobalt alloy). Totally, 40 samples were divided into two groups (20) using 3D printing (asiga dentatooth resin material), and (20) Polymethylmethacrylate PMMA (integra) resin material. Ten samples from each group were subjected to thermo-cycles (1250 cycles, 5-55 °C). The fracture resistance was then measured for all samples with a universal testing machine.

Results: In SPSS, the mean ± Stander deviation values of fracture resistance were recorded for the acrylic PMMA group before thermo-cycling (1703.30 ±376.659 Newton) and after thermo-cycling (1460.30 ±364.260 Newton), while the mean ± Stander deviation values were recorded for 3D printing group before thermo-cycling (1972.50±399.181 Newton) and after thermo-cycling ( 2284.10±239.001Newton). It was found that 3D printing recorded a significantly higher fracture resistance mean than PMMA groups.

Conclusion: 3D printing interim prostheses recorded higher fracture resistance compared with PMMA interim prostheses.
Clinical evaluation of gingival thickness and width according to gender and position among Baghdad dental students
Authors: A. Abdulameer Lubaba A. Abdulameer , A. Salman Suzan , F. Auda Zainab , A. Mohammed Zainab
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study:  was to assess marginal gingival thickness and width of keratinized gingiva     comparing them between males and females among Baghdad dental students.

Materials & Methods: Two methods were utilized to measure gingival thickness: visual and    probe transparency. Gingival biotypes examination included upper and lower left central incisors of 100 subjects. The width of keratinized gingiva was measured by using a periodontal probe.

Results: Thick gingival biotype was more apparent among males, while thin biotype was more among females. There was no significant difference in gingival width between males and females.

Conclusions: Gingival thickness and width were not affected by gender. The visual method can be used efficiently to estimate gingival thickness.
Comparison the marginal and internal fitness of veneered and anatomical zirconia crowns milled by two different CAD/CAM systems (An in Vitro Study)
Authors: Jasim kahdim Abdul Kareem
Published: January 2024

Background: Accuracy of fit is considered a very important factor in a crown fabricating procedure. Zirconium oxide ceramic is gaining popularity because of its remarkable mechanical capabilities and the potential aesthetic results obtained by using its recommended veneering porcelain, this study aimed to determine the effect of porcelain veneering on the marginal and internal fitness of zirconium-oxide crowns milled with two different CAD/CAM systems ( Wet and dry milling).

Materials and methods: An ideal prepared tooth #16 to receive an all-ceramic crown restoration with 0.8mm chamfer finishing line was used as a master die. It duplicated and poured to get thirty-two stone working dies. The stone dies divided into two major groups according to the CAD/CAM systems being used, then each group subdivided into two subgroups (n=8) either zirconia crowns milled to full contour or traditional veneered zirconia crowns. Each crown then cemented to it stone die and sectioned longitudinally into four pieces.      Stereomicroscope with aid of (image J) was used to examine the sample at a magnification of (140X). Four points of measurement were selected at each of the four-sectioned parts.

Results: The final internal gap value of each sample was the arithmetical mean of the selected points of the four-sectioned pieces The data was evaluated statistically, using One-way ANOVA and LSD tests which revealed highly significant differences (p<0.001) among groups.

Conclusion: Full-contoured zirconia crowns have better marginal and internal fit than the traditionally veneered crown, (CEREC AC, Sirona) system showed the best internal fitness. The mean gap of all groups was within the clinically acceptance.
The Prevalence Of Enamel Defects Among The Students Of Secondary School (Age 14-17) In Baghdad/Alrosafa
Authors: Bahjet Kamil Nawar
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: To study the occurrence of enamel defects, the most common type and what gender is more affected on the students at the secondary school in Baghdad-Alrosafa.

 Materials and methods: Eight hundred and fifty students in the secondary school in Baghdad-Alrosafa were included in this study without any systemic disease with a 425 male and 425 female aging from 14 to 17 years old. A diagnostic instrument probe, mirror, gloves and tweezer were used. All students were examined clinically for the presence of enamel defect like enamel fluorosis, amelogenesis imperfecta, enamel erosion, abrasion and attrition. T-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Results of the current study showed a high percentage of enamel defect occurring in females than in males and a high significant difference recorded at 17 years old in enamel fluorosis with an enamel attrition recording a higher percentage than other anomalies.

Conclusion: conclusion of study is that the enamel defect occurs in females more than males and molar teeth have a higher prevalence than other teeth. Attrition recorded a higher percentage than other defects followed by enamel fluorosis and the lower one is amelogenesis imperfacta.
The effect of NiTi rotary systems activated with different kinematics on canal transportation and centring ability. A concise review
Authors: A.K. Almazedi Raghda , M. Al Zaka Iman
Published: January 2024

One of the most crucial steps in endodontic therapy is canal preparation. The root canal should have a flare shape from apex to coronal areas, with the apical foramen maintained in its original relationship to the surrounding tissues and root surface. Anatomical complexity causes most endodontic problems. Ledges, zips, perforations, and root canal transportation are more probable in curved canals because all preparation procedures and instruments deviate the prepared canal away from its initial axis. The type of kinematics employed, including continuous rotation, reciprocation movement, and adaptive movement, as well as root canal anatomy and instrument design features, all have been found as factors that may affect canal transportation. There are controversial results concerning the influence of kinematic on canal transportation. These results may be attributed to a lack of standardisation in file characteristics such as taper, size, and cross-section. Studies started using the same system under continuous rotation and reciprocation movement or adaptive motion to overcome these issues. This article reviews the effects of movement types on canal transportation and centring ability when all other variables are the same.
Evaluation of salivary Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in patients with hypothyroidism and periodontitis: A Case- Control Study
Authors: Ghalib Hussien Ghada , Husham Ali Omar
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The immune system has served as a bridge among periodontitis and the endocrine system, particularly in the case of thyroid disorders. After non-surgical periodontal therapy for hypothyroid patients, serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels fall within the normal limits, which reduces the inflammatory markers linked to both periodontal and hypothyroid diseases. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), released by macrophages, plays a significant role in bone loss caused by periodontitis. TNF-α will increase the production of collagenases, prostaglandin E2, chemokines and cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and factors that are related to bone resorption. The aim of our study is to evaluate the salivary level of TNF-α in hypothyroidism patients with periodontitis in comparison to healthy controls.

Material and subject: Saliva were collected from 90 subjects with age ranged between (22-65) years, 50 of them hypothyroid patients (25 patients with hypothyroidism and healthy periodontium, 25 patients with hypothyroidism and periodontitis) and 25 patients with periodontitis and systemically healthy compare with 15 subject as control (systemically healthy with healthy periodontium). Detection of TNF-α in saliva was done by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

 

Result: The current results revealed that salivary TNF-α levels are significantly high (p<0.001) in diseases group (periodontitis group (132.8 ng/L), hypothyroid patients groups without periodontitis (128.4 ng/L) and with periodontitis (117.0 ng/L) as compared to control group (73.4 ng/L), while there are no significant difference between diseases group.

Conclusion: Salivary TNF-α level increased significantly in all diseased groups (periodontitis group, hypothyroidism groups with and without periodontitis) in comparison to healthy subject.
Effect of Temperature on Surface Hardness of Different Acrylic Materials utilized for space maintainer
Authors: Abdul Latif Rashid Amal , Kadhim Ghadeer Fatima
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study:  surface hardness is essential to avoid the indentation or scratch of space maintainer. Efforts have been made to improve the flexible and cold-cured acrylic's strength, by raising the processing temperature, unless the temperature has a chemical impact on the acrylic's qualities. The aim of this study was to study the effect of elevated temperature on the surface hardness of flexible and cold cured acrylic utilized as space maintainer appliance.

Methods: Sixty specimens were divided into three groups: flexible acrylic ( Lingchen dental) , cold-cured acrylic (vertex) and (Paladur). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups,10 control and10 experimental . The control group for flexible acrylic was injected at 270 °C ,while for the two types of cold -cure, control groups, the specimens were processed at  37°C . The experimental group for flexible acrylic was injected at 290°C and for the two cold -cure types were processed at  70°C. Hardness was tested by Shore A device for  flexible acrylic while for cold -cure specimens, shore D device was used.  

 

Results : results  showed no significant increase in the hardness of flexible acrylic the mean value of control group is 66.44±0.47 while  for experimental group is   66.50±0.48. For  vertex and Paladur  cold- cured acrylic the surface hardness  was  increased significantly with increasing processing temperature. The mean values of vertex and Paladur  control  groups are around 86.14±0.39 and 88.33±0.39 respectively, while  for experimental groups are   88.39±0.40 and  88.70±0.25

Conclusion : elevated processing  temperature increased the surface  hardness of both types of cold acrylic however; the  hardness of flexible acrylic was  not affected by temperature elevation.
Scardovia wiggsiae as Recent Player in Caries Process: a Review
Authors: Jasim Al-Adool Raafat , Muwafaq Hamdoon Suhad , Faiz Hamodat Heba
Published: January 2024

Aims: Oral cavity is attacked by many infectious agents that invade tooth, periodontium and tongue. Dental caries which is the most common oral disease, can caused by the reaction between tooth structure, oral bacteria and fermentable carbohydrates. Most of caries microbial researches considered Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli as majors caries-associated players. The discovery of Scardovia wiggsiae in 2011 had highlighted the possible occurrence of dental decay in absence of both Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in addition to other oral diseases. This review focused on taxonomy, acidogenicity, normal habitat and  the important roles of  newly S.wiggsiae as the pioneer bacteria for initiation and progression of caries process.

Methods: The database was focused on articles published till 2022 for the topics oral diseases, dental caries, Scardovia wiggsiae and microbiology of dental caries

 Conclusions: Scardovia wiggsiae can to be considered as a potential risk indicator for caries prediction in a given population.
The Effect of Tiktok Live Streaming Shopping and Perceived Enjoyment Toward Online Impulsive Buying Behavior with The Moderating Variable of Trust
Authors: Herlina Leni
Published: January 2024

This research studied the effect of social-media influencers, product price, and purchase convenience toward perceived enjoyment to online impulsive buying behavior with the moderating variable of trust on Tiktok live shopping consumers in Indonesia. This research used a quantitative design by developing an online questionnaire to collect data through purposive sampling with the criteria: 1). Age of 17 - 58 years old, 2). Reside in the Jabodetabek area, 3). Use Tiktok in their daily life, 4) Happened to join Tiktok live streaming shopping, and 5). Buy the product during that live streaming. The data was collected on February 2023 and the number of respondents was 105. SPSS 29.0 was used for data preparation and SmartPLS 4.0 was used to analyze the data and the hypothesis accordingly. The result showed that there was a significantly positive effect of social-media influencers, product price, and purchase convenience on perceived enjoyment. In addition, perceived enjoyment also has a positive effect on online impulsive buying behavior. However, trust did not play a moderating role to the effect of perceived enjoyment to online impulsive buying behavior. The findings suggest that stores Tiktok live shopping should collaborate with an influencer who is knowledgeable, understand the product well, and is communicative. Hence, they can create a lively and persuasive shopping experience. On the other hand, the online seller can create special prices or discounts during the special season such as payday, national big day, religious celebration day, or national shopping day.
The Influence of Social Media Instagram Promotion and Hedonic Shopping Motives on Purchase Decision at Shopee Clarandkei with Trust as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Lintang Shinta Ayu , Padmalia Metta
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of social media Instagram promotion on purchase decisions, hedonic shopping motives on purchase decisions, trust in moderating the effect of social media Instagram promotion on purchase decisions, and trust in moderating the effect of hedonic shopping motives on the purchase decision. The independent variables comprised Instagram promotion (x1) and hedonic purchasing motives (x2); on the other hand, purchase decision served as the dependent variable (y), and trust served as the moderating variable (m). This quantitative research used the Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis method. The data was processed using SmartPLS 4 software. The sampling utilised a purposive sampling method and the instrument questionnaire using a Likert scale. Using Google Form media, the questionnaire was disseminated online. The study’s population consisted of 3.800 Instagram followers of Clarandkei. This study’s sample consisted of 180 respondents who enjoyed online clothing purchasing and had purchased clothing from Shopee Clarandkei at least once. The study’s findings indicated that social media Instagram promotion and hedonic shopping motives significantly and positively affected purchase decisions; trust moderates the effect of social media Instagram promotion on purchase decisions significantly and positively; however, the trust did not moderate the effect of hedonic shopping motives on the purchase decision.
Factors Affecting MSMEs in Using QRIS and Electronic Data Capture (EDC) as a Cashless Payment Method: Evidence from Sorong City, Southwest Papua
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Ridwan Akmal , Prihandoko Nugroho Dwi , Nurhani Nurhani
Published: January 2024

Rapid progress has been made in the development of cashless payment systems. As can be seen from the positive level of public acceptance of this payment method development standard, moreover this trend has become necessary for rural communities. QRIS and debit card payment via EDC are the non-cash methods that MSMEs players in Sorong city utilize the most frequently. Sorong city is quite developed province of Southwest Papua Indonesia, which is well regarded as a commercial and industrial hub. According to reports as of January 2022, the use of QRIS by merchants in the Sorong city itself has not met the target set by Bank Indonesia. This research aims to examine the variables that affect MSMEs players decision to use QRIS and EDC for cashless transactions. In this quantitative research, the variables predictor used are the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Davis, with are perceived risk as X1, perceived ease of use as X2, and perceived usefulness as X3. Convenience sampling was the sampling technique utilized, with questionnaires distributed to the 60 MSMEs players throughout Sorong city. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to determine the significance relationship between predictor variables and response variable. The findings demonstrate that there is significant relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on the decision of MSMEs players to use QRIS and EDC for cashless payments in their businesses, while the usage decision not significantly affected by the variable of perceived risk. The research's empirical evidences are expected to increase local business literacy and provide a reference for the government and policymakers who make rules about cashless payment systems.
Agrobiodiversidade do povo indígena Huni Kuin do Alto Juruá, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira
Authors: Simis Pilnik Malika , Argentim Tarik
Published: January 2024

O povo indígena Huni Kuin maneja desde tempos imemoriais agroecossistemas itinerantes. O trabalho objetivou identificar espécies e variedades que compõem a agrobiodiversidade da Terra Indígena Kaxinawá do Baixo Rio Jordão/AC. Buscou-se ainda compreender a interação entre o corpus material e simbólico sobre as espécies cultivadas e a práxis relativa às técnicas de cultivo. Utilizou-se as metodologias: observação participante, entrevistas abertas e trilhas guiadas em unidades produtivas. Levantaram-se 18 espécies com 96 variedades cultivadas nos roçados tradicionais. Há variedades ameaçadas de desuso devido sobretudo às transformações históricas que o povo enfrenta desde o período de contato com a sociedade não-indígena. É preciso valorizar os saberes relacionados à agrobiodiversidade para reverter esse quadro. Sugere-se fortalecer políticas públicas de salvaguarda de sistemas agrícolas e programas de apoio à alimentação escolar regionalizada e à geração de renda com produtos dos roçados.
Assessment of energy and biological value of Cherax quadricarinatus meat after feeding crayfish with different types of feed
Authors: Zharchynska V. , Hrynevych N.
Published: January 2024

Cultivation of the Australian red-clawed crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus has become popular in many countries due to the rapid growth rate, high nutritional and biological value of the meat, and quite significant demand among consumers. The aim of our study was to determine the chemical, amino acid and fatty acid composition of Cherax quadricarinatus crayfish meat and its energy value when fed with different types of feed. The fatty acid composition of crayfish meat was determined by the chromatographic method, and the amino acid composition by the capillary electrophoresis method. It was established that when feeding crayfish with the developed Decapodafood feed, the energy value of crayfish meat was 4.3 kcal more than when feeding crayfish with aquarium feed Ancistrus menu. Feeding with Decapodafood promotes a higher content of essential amino acids compared to feeding with commercial aquarium food Ancistrus menu. In particular, a higher content of essential amino acids such as threonine, valine, methionine, lysine in the meat was statistically probable. In addition, a high biological value and digestibility of crayfish meat was found, as the sum of ΣEAA/ΣNEAA in all samples was more than 80%, which is on average 20% more than the standard indicator recommended by FAO/WHO. Feeding crayfish with Decapodafood helps to reduce saturated fatty acids in meat and increase unsaturated ones. In particular, a 1.9 times lower content of lauric acid and 1.5 times lower margaric acid was found in the meat of crayfish fed Decapodafood, compared to crayfish fed Ancistrus menu aquarium food, and myristic and pentadecanoic acid were on average 1.3 times smaller. Among unsaturated fatty acids, a probable increase of 1.4 times was noted for palmitoleic and docosahexaenoic acids, compared to their content in control meat. The content of other polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and eicosapentaenoic), although higher, was insignificant. Therefore, feeding Cherax quadricarinatus crayfish with Decapodafood helps to improve the energy and biological value of the obtained meat, which makes it a highly digestible and delicate product.
Key words: Cherax quadricarinatus, crayfish meat, Decapodafood, amino acid, fatty acid composition of meat.
Productive, reproductive and bioenergetic characteristics of cows with different body condition score
Authors: Borshch O. , Borshch O. , Babenko O.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this work was to study the influence of fattening of dairy cows body condition score on reproductive traits, productivity and bioenergetic indicators. The research was conducted during May-August 2021 in the conditions of the Terezine of the Vilnotarasivske branch (Kyiv region). The values of average monthly temperatures were within the limits of thermoneutrality for cows of dairy breeds. Three groups of second-lactation cows were formed for the study. The first group (n=14) included animals with a fatness score of 2.0 to 3.0 points, and the second group (n=24) with a score of 3.0 to 3.75 points and to the III-rd group (n=15) – 4 and above points. Assessment of fatness in groups of animals was carried out during the period of deep body. The productivity of cows during the first 120 days of lactation was determined using computer records and the DelPro program. Cows of the II group had a somewhat shorter dry period (by 3 and 1 day) compared to animals of the I and III groups. The shortest service period was observed in the first group of cows – 164 days, which is 7 and 24 days less than in animals of the second and third groups, respectively. Cows of the II group had the highest average daily productivity during each of the first 4 months of lactation (120 days). At the same time, productivity was the lowest in cows of the III group, and intermediate values were observed in the animals of the I group. At the same time, cows of the III-rd group had the lowest productivity during the same period. Analyzing the bioenergetic characteristics of cows of different levels of fatness, it was established that the highest rate of net energy expenditure for the production of 1 kg of 4 % milk was in cows of the IIIrd group – 3.71 MJ, and the lowest in animals of the IInd group – 3.49 MJ. Research results showed that cows of different fattening levels before calving had high energy indices – from 50.25 to 53.99 %, productive – from 0.260 to 0.286 kg for specific net energy loss from 1.852 to 1.988 MJ per 1 MJ of milk energy.

Key words: dairy cows, fatness, productivity, reproduction, bioenergetic characteristics.