bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inglês para crianças do Ensino Fundamental: visões implícitas da avaliação proposta por um livro didático e as crenças dos professores
Authors: Rocha Cláudia Hilsdorf , Costa Leny , Silva Kleber Aparecido da
Published: April 2013

Este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa e de cunho etnográfico, tem como cenário um Projeto de Línguas Estrangeiras, implementado nos Ciclos 1 e 2 do Ensino Fundamental Público de uma cidade do interior paulista. O objetivo principal do estudo é investigar as visões implícitas da avaliação proposta pelo livro didático em uso no mencionado contexto de ensino, confrontando-as com a abordagem explícita do material acerca do processo avaliatório e com as crenças dos professores sobre a avaliação em foco. Para tanto, tomamos como referencial os princípios sociointeracionistas (Vygotsky, 1978) e comunicacionais (Almeida Filho, 1993, 2005) de linguagem e aprendizagem, assim como construtos referentes às crenças sobre ensino e aprendizagem de línguas (Barcelos, 1995, 2004a, b; Silva, 2005) e também referentes à avaliação (Scaramucci, 1997, 2004) no ensino de línguas para crianças (Cameron, 2001).
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva entre dois mundos: uma análise de notícias do New York Times
Authors: Dota Maria Inez Mateus
Published: April 2013

Este trabalho analisa um conjunto de notícias publicadas pelo The New York Times , versão on-line, que aborda a presença do presidente do Brasil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, no Fórum Social Mundial em Porto Alegre, Brasil, e no Fórum Econômico Mundial em Davos, Suíça, em janeiro de 2003. Baseando-se no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise Crítica do Discurso - Bell e Garrett (1998), Fairclough (1995 e 2001) e Fowler (1991) -, investigam-se as estratégias discursivas utilizadas pelo jornal para referir-se ao presidente brasileiro participando de dois eventos de repercussão internacional, que representam pólos ideológicos opostos.
Autonomia e Motivação em narrativas de aprendizes de português como língua estrangeira
Authors: Carvalho Fernanda Sousa
Published: April 2013

Neste artigo, discuto os resultados de minha pesquisa dentro do projeto AMFALE - Autonomia em um Modelo Fractal de Aquisição de Língua Estrangeira. Com base em conceitos de autonomia e motivação e na correlação entre eles, analiso narrativas de aprendizes de português como língua estrangeira em Belo Horizonte. Tais análises atestam que a experiência de aprendizagem inserida em uma comunidade de falantes da língua-alvo propicia autonomia, à medida que caracteriza motivação intrínseca e/ou integrativa e oferece uma variedade de possibilidades para o aprendiz agir autonomamente com relação à própria aprendizagem.
Biochemical, histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of Centrolobium robustum (Fabaceae) seeds
Authors: Pinzón-Torres Javier Alberto , Santos Vanessa Rebouças dos , Schiavinato Marlene Aparecida , Maldonado Sara
Published: April 2013

Centrolobium robustum seed coat is made up of an external layer of macrosclereids and an internal layer of osteosclereids, followed by a layer of dead cells. The endosperm is closely united to the seed coat and is made up of up to three layers of living cells rich in lipid and protein bodies. All the embryonic cells that form the different tissues of the cotyledons and embryonic axis, including the apical meristematic tissues, are storage tissues since they accumulate mainly lipids and proteins, in the form of lipid and protein bodies, water-soluble polysaccharides, and starch. In the seed coat, lignin, simple phenols and hydrolysable tannins were chemically detected.
Patogenicidade in vitro de Pythium aphanidermatum e Pythium dissotocum em variedades de alface (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Patekoski Katya da Silva , Zottarelli Carmen Lidia Amorim Pires
Published: April 2013

Pythium spp. são importantes causadoras de infecções radiculares nos cultivos hidropônicos, tendo sido objetivo deste estudo avaliar a patogenicidade de Pythium aphanidermatum e P. dissotocum, em alface. Placas de Petri contendo ágar-água e micélio dos isolados foram incubadas de 15 a 45 ºC, para verificação da temperatura ótima de crescimento, estabelecendo-se 31 ºC para P. aphanidermatum e, 26 ºC para P. dissotocum. Avaliou-se, então, a patogenicidade dos espécimes nas suas temperaturas ótimas e, em 20 ºC, ideal para a alface, colocando-se sementes em ágar-água e um disco com micélio no centro das placas. Placas contendo somente sementes em meio de cultura serviram como controle. Verificou-se o comprimento dos hipocótilos, das radículas e a porcentagem de plântulas sobreviventes, selecionando-se P. aphanidermatum como mais patogênico; as variedades Vera e Tainá como menos suscetíveis e, Elisa, como mais suscetível.
Comparative study of IHACRES model optimisation schemes
Authors: Baymani-Nezhad Matin , Han Dawei
Published: April 2013

IHACRES, a popular catchment-scale rainfall-runoff model for simulating streamflow hydrographs, has been widely used by the hydrological community. The standard IHACRES modelling system consists of a calibration scheme based on the grid search method for estimating the required parameters. This research found that such a calibration approach is time consuming and not always reliable in finding the best parameter values. Alternative model calibration approaches – genetic algorithms (GAs), constraint non-linear optimisation (CNLO) and un-constraint non-linear optimisation (UCNLO) – are explored in this study. A comparison using visual inspection and statistical R2 criterion was carried out to evaluate these parameter calibration approaches. It was found that significant improvements with the developed models could be achieved using CNLO, GA and UCNLO over the standard IHACRES method (with CNLO as the best in terms of calibration and validation accuracy). The paper also discusses the computational time issues of those schemes.
A New Thermogeomechanical Theory for Gravity Drainage in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage
Authors: Cokar M.. , Kallos M.S.. S. , Gates I.D.. D.
Published: April 2013

Oil-sands reservoirs in western Canada hold more than 170 billion bbl of recoverable heavy oil and bitumen representing a significant source of unconventional oil. At in-situ conditions, the majority of this oil has essentially no initial mobility because of its high viscosity, which is typically in the hundreds of thousands to millions of centipoises. In steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), steam injected into the formation heats oil at the edge of a depletion chamber, thus raising the mobility, ko/μo, of bitumen. Three main effects account for the increase of oil mobility. First, bitumen at steam temperature has viscosity typically less than 20 cp. Second, it is believed that shear, which is caused by thermal-expansion gradients, dilates the oil sand and causes enhanced permeability. Third, dilation at the chamber edge leads to smaller residual oil saturation (ROS). Because the production rate of SAGD is directly tied to the drainage rate of mobilized oil at the chamber edge, the thermogeomechanics of the oil sand at the chamber edge is a control on the performance of SAGD. In this study, a novel SAGD formula is derived that accounts for thermogeomechanical effects at the edge of the chamber. This paper couples dilation effects arising from thermal expansion into an analytical model for SAGD oil rate. The results reveal that volumetric expansion at the edge of the chamber plays a significant role in enabling effective drainage of bitumen to the production well.
Application of the ommaya reservoir in the treatment of hydrocephalus in prematurely born children: Correlation with animal results
Authors: Mihajlovic Miljan , Mrdak Milan , Radlovic Vladimir , Nikolic Igor , Rakic Miodrag , Repac Nikola , Antunovic Vaso , Janicijevic Aleksandar , Scepanovic Vuk , Tasic Goran , Ducic Sinisa
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Intraventricular hemorrhage occurs in almost one fifth of
prematurely born children. Due to present complications, such as
hydrocephalus and neurological deficit, it endangers the child?s life,
therefore there is the need for understanding and prevent risk factors as
well as the need for finding most optimal methods of treatment. Objective.
The aim of the study was to point out the current therapeutic modalities of
the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in prematurely born children.
Methods. The study included 60 patients divided into two groups of 30
patients treated at the University Children?s Hospital of Belgrade in the
period 2003-2008. Results. Treatment outcome of the control group of patients
treated by standard methods was influenced by gestational age (p=0.024), head
circumference on birth (p=0.043), body mass on birth (p=0.006), Apgar score
on birth (p<0.001), peripartum asphyxia (p<0.001), cardiorespiratory arrest
(p<0.001), respiratory distress (p=0.002) and intraventricular hemorrhagic
grade (p<0.001). As statistically significant predictors of the poor
treatment outcome of the experimental group of patients treated by using
Ommaya reservoir were identified: low body mass on birth (p<0.05), low Apgar
score (p<0.05), prolonged number of days on assisted ventilation (p<0.05),
presence of peripartum asphyxia (p<0.05) and cardiorespiratory arrest
(p<0.05). Conclusion. No statistically significant difference was detected in
the outcome between the patients treated by the standard method and those
with installed Ommaya reservoir. However, the difference of 10% in mortality
between the two groups may be clinically significant so that further studies
of larger samples are necessary.
Ondansetron, alfentanil and nitrous oxide in the prevention of pain on injection of propofol
Authors: Draskovic Biljana , Knezevic Sofija , Radovanovic Dragana , Rakic Goran
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic with a number
of advantages over intravenous anesthetics used so far. The leading side
effect is pain on injection. Objective. Aim of the study was to determine the
impact of ondansetron, nitrous oxide and alfentanil on reducing pain during
propofol application. Methods. The paper presents a prospective, randomized,
single blind study. The study included 120 patients of ASA class I and II,
who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia using propofol for
the induction of anesthesia. The patients were divided into four equal groups
of 30 patients. The control group received a few milliliters of saline, N
group the mixture of nitric oxide and oxygen, O group ondansetron and group A
received alfentanil. In all patients, venous occlusion was performed for 60
seconds. Pain assessment was based on the criteria and the score by
McCrirrick and Hunter. Results. Pain after the application of propofol was
present in 47 (39.2%) patients. The highest frequency of pain was recorded in
the control group (18, 60%), and significantly lower (p=0.009) in the
patients who received ondansetron (8; 26.7%) and (p=0.020), alfentanil (9;
30%). The statistical analysis proved that there was a significant
relationship between the groups and the scale of pain (?2=13.849, p=0.031).
Conclusion. Based on the results of our study we can conclude that
intravenous ondansetron and alfentanil with venous occlusion can effectively
prevent pain during IV use of propofol.
Attitudes on alcohol and drinking patterns among youth in Serbia
Authors: Kilibarda Biljana , Mladenovic Ivica , Gudelj-Rakic Jelena
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Alcohol is most abused psychoactive substance among youth.
Analyzing attitudes on alcohol, patterns and consequences we are getting
inputs important for implementing evidence based preventive measures.
Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze drinking patterns and
expectations and alcohol risk perception by gender and region and determine
correlation between attitudes and one year prevalence of drinking. Methods.
The study used data from the European School Survey on Alcohol and Other
Drugs, which was then conducted in 2008 in Serbia on a sample of 6,553
students aged 16 years. For data analysis descriptive and analytical
statistic were used. Results. The results show that nine out of ten students
have had at least one alcoholic beverage during life and 5% have at least one
alcohol beverage on more than 20 occasions during the last month. Students in
Serbia have mainly positive expectations from alcohol, and the strongest
potential drinking predictors in the previous year are expectation of having
fun and the wish to feel relaxed. According to the participants, drinking 4-5
drinks on weekends (34.6%) is less risky than trying cannabis (52.0%). Boys
have experienced problems caused by alcohol drinking more often than girls,
while students from Vojvodina have performed badly in school in higher
percentage than students from Belgrade and Central Serbia. Conclusion. In
Serbia, girls drink less and perceive drinking as more risky in comparison to
boys, while 16-year-old students from Vojvodina have more positive
expectations but also more prominent problems caused by alcohol drinking.
Additional education of the young on alcohol risk is recommended.
Hybrid procedure in the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: Case report
Authors: Davidovic Lazar , Ilic Nikola , Koncar Igor , Dimic Andreja , Colic Momcilo , Sindjelic Radomir
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is a major
problem in vascular surgery. Conventional open repair is associated with
significant rates of mortality and morbidity and therefore, there is a need
for better solutions. One of them is a hybrid procedure that includes
visceral debranching. This paper presents the first such case performed in
Serbia, with a brief overview on all published procedures worldwide. Case
Outline. A 57-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of
thoracoabdominal aneurysms type V by Crawford-Safi classifications. Because
of the significant comorbidities it was concluded that conventional treatment
would bear unacceptably high perioperative risk, and that the possible
alternative could be the hybrid procedure in two stages. In the first stage
aortobiliacal reconstruction with bifurcated Dacron graft (16?8 mm) and
visceral debranching with hand made tailored branched graft was done. In the
second act, the thoracoabdominal aneurysm was excluded with implantation of
the endovascular Valiant stent graft, 34?150 mm (Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA).
Control MSCT angiography showed a proper visceral branch patency and
positioning of the stent graft without endoleaks. Nine months after the
procedure the patient was symptom-free, with no aneurysm, diameter change and
no graft-related complication. All visceral branches were patent. Conclusion.
So far about 500 cases of visceral debranching have been published with the
aim of treating thoracoabdominal aneurysms, and still we have no valid
guidelines concerning this method. However, in carefully selected high-risk
patients this is an excellent alternative to open surgery of thoracoabdominal
aneurysms.
Forearm reconstruction after loss of radius: Case report
Authors: Manojlovic Radovan , Tulic Goran , Kadija Marko , Vucetic Cedomir , Tabakovic Dejan , Bumbasirevic Marko
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Osteomyelitis of the radius resulting in the radial clubhand is
a very rare condition and few studies have been published about its prognosis
and treatment. Case Outline. This is a case report of hematogenous
osteomyelitis of the radius with a complete loss of the radius leaving only
the distal radial metaphysis to carry the carpus. In order to achieve best
functional results, four-step operative protocol was performed for
reconstruction; lengthening of the forearm by external fixator, radioulnar
transposition to create a one-bone forearm, plate removal and transposition
of brachioradialis to the extensor pollicis longus as well as proximal row
carpectomy. After nine years of the last operation, the function of the elbow
and hands is good with acceptable cosmetic result. The forearm is 5 cm
shorter and there has been a persistent mild limitation of palmar flexion.
Conclusion. Creation of the one-bone forearm normalizes the elbow and wrist
function, corrects forearm malalignment, and improves forearm growth
potential.
Celiac disease
Authors: Radlovic Nedeljko
Published: April 2013

Celiac disease is a multysystemic autoimmune disease induced by gluten in
wheat, barley and rye. It is characterized by polygenic predisposition, high
prevalence (1%), widely heterogeneous expression and frequent association
with other autoimmune diseases, selective deficit of IgA and Down, Turner and
Williams syndrome. The basis of the disease and the key finding in its
diagnostics is symptomatic or asymptomatic inflammation of the small
intestinal mucosa which resolves by gluten-free diet. Therefore, the basis of
the treatment involves elimination diet, so that the disorder, if timely
recognized and adequately treated, also characterizes excellent prognosis.
Clinical Performance of Ormocer, Nanofilled, and Nanoceramic Resin Composites in Class I and Class II Restorations: A Three-year Evaluation
Authors: Mahmoud SH , El-Embaby AE , AbdAllah AM
Published: April 2013

Purpose

This prospective long-term clinical trial evaluated and compared the three-year clinical performance of an ormocer, a nanofilled, and a nanoceramic resin composite with that of a microhybrid composite placed in Class I and Class II cavities.

Methods

Forty patients, each with four Class I and II restorations under occlusion, were enrolled in this study. A total of 160 restorations were placed, 25% for each material, as follows: an ormocer-based composite, Admira; a nanofilled resin composite, Filtek Supreme XT; a nanoceramic resin composite, Ceram X; and a microhybrid resin composite, Tetric Ceram. A single operator placed all restorations according to the manufacturers' instructions. Immediately after placement the restorations were finished/polished. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline and at yearly intervals after placement by two other independent examiners using modified US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. The changes in the USPHS parameters during the three-year period were analyzed with the Friedman test. Comparison of the baseline scores with those at the recall visits was made using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

All materials showed only minor changes, and no differences were detected between their performance at baseline and after three years. Only two ormocer, one nanofilled, and one microhybrid restorations in molars failed because of loss of retention. Regarding the clinical performance, there were no statistically significant differences among the materials used (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The ormocer, nanofilled, and nanoceramic composites provided acceptable clinical performance over a three-year period.
Small-scale horizontal variability of snow, sea-ice thickness and freeboard in the first-year ice region north of Svalbard
Authors: Haapala Jari , Lensu Mikko , Dumont Marie , Renner Angelika H.H. , Granskog Mats A. , Gerland Sebastian
Published: April 2013

Variability of sea-ice and snow conditions on the scale of a few hundred meters is examined using in situ measurements collected in first-year pack ice in the European Arctic north of Svalbard. Snow thickness and surface elevation measurements were performed in the standard manner using a snow stick and a rotating laser. Altogether, 4109 m of measurement lines were surveyed. The snow loading was large, and in many locations the ice freeboard was negative (38.8% of snowline measurements), although the modal ice and snow thickness was 1.8 m. The mean of all the snow thickness measurements was 36 cm, with a standard deviation of 26 cm. The mean freeboard was only 3 cm, with a standard deviation of 23 cm. There were noticeable differences in snow thickness among the measurement sites. Over the undeformed ice areas, the mean snow thickness and freeboard were 23 and 2.4 cm, respectively. Over the ridged ice areas, the mean freeboard was only –0.3 cm due to snow accumulation on the sails of ridges (average thickness 54 cm). These findings imply that retrieval algorithms for converting freeboard to ice thickness should take account of spatial variability of snow cover.
Resolution of ice streams and outlet glaciers in large-scale simulations of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Greve Ralf , Herzfeld Ute C.
Published: April 2013

The dynamic/thermodynamic shallow-ice model SICOPOLIS is applied to the Greenland ice sheet. Paleoclimatic spin-ups from 125 ka BP until today, as well as future-climate experiments 500 years into the future, are carried out with three different grid spacings, namely 20, 10 and 5 km. The scenarios are a subset of those specified by the SeaRISE (Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution) community effort. The bed topography includes improved troughs for Jakobshavn Isbræ, Helheim, Kangerdlugssuaq and Petermann glaciers, processed by an algorithm that preserves shape, orientation and continuity of the troughs on the 5 km scale. Comparison of simulated and observed present-day surface velocities shows that these ice streams and outlet glaciers are resolved with different accuracies, ranging from poor (20 km grid) to reasonably good (5 km grid). In the future-climate experiments, the simulated absolute ice volumes depend significantly on the resolution, while the sensitivities (ice volumes relative to the constant-climate control run) vary only by a few centimeters of sea-level equivalent.
Two Distinct Channels Mediated by m2mAChR and α9nAChR Co-Exist in Type II Vestibular Hair Cells of Guinea Pig
Authors: Zhou Tao , Wang Yi , Guo Chang-Kai , Zhang Wen-Juan , Yu Hong , Zhang Kun , Kong Wei-Jia
Published: April 2013

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the principal vestibular efferent neurotransmitter among mammalians. Pharmacologic studies prove that ACh activates a small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa) current (SK2), mediated by α9-containing nicotinic ACh receptor (α9nAChR) in mammalian type II vestibular hair cells (VHCs II). However, our studies demonstrate that the m2 muscarinic ACh receptor (m2mAChR) mediates a big conductance KCa current (BK) in VHCs II. To better elucidate the correlation between these two distinct channels in VHCs II of guinea pig, this study was designed to verify whether these two channels and their corresponding AChR subtypes co-exist in the same VHCs II by whole-cell patch clamp recordings. We found that m2mAChR sensitive BK currents were activated in VHCs II isolated by collagenase IA, while α9nAChR sensitive SK2 currents were activated in VHCs II isolated by trypsin. Interestingly, after exposing the patched cells isolated by trypsin to collagenase IA for 3 min, the α9nAChR sensitive SK2 current was abolished, while m2mAChR-sensitive BK current was activated. Therefore, our findings provide evidence that the two distinct channels and their corresponding AChR subtypes may co-exist in the same VHCs II, and the alternative presence of these two ACh receptors-sensitive currents depended on isolating preparation with different enzymes.
Bioactive Molecules in Soil Ecosystems: Masters of the Underground
Authors: Zhuang Xuliang , Gao Jie , Ma Anzhou , Fu Shenglei , Zhuang Guoqiang
Published: April 2013

Complex biological and ecological processes occur in the rhizosphere through ecosystem-level interactions between roots, microorganisms and soil fauna. Over the past decade, studies of the rhizosphere have revealed that when roots, microorganisms and soil fauna physically contact one another, bioactive molecular exchanges often mediate these interactions as intercellular signal, which prepare the partners for successful interactions. Despite the importance of bioactive molecules in sustainable agriculture, little is known of their numerous functions, and improving plant health and productivity by altering ecological processes remains difficult. In this review, we describe the major bioactive molecules present in below-ground ecosystems (i.e., flavonoids, exopolysaccharides, antibiotics and quorum-sensing signals), and we discuss how these molecules affect microbial communities, nutrient availability and plant defense responses.
Two New Oleanane-Type Triterpenes Isolated from Japanese Post-Fermented Tea Produced by Anaerobic Microbial Fermentation
Authors: Huang Yong-Lin , Nagai Sachi , Tanaka Takashi , Matsuo Yosuke , Saito Yoshinori , Kouno Isao
Published: April 2013

Four triterpenes were isolated from a traditional Japanese tea product produced by anaerobic microbial fermentation of heated green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). Two of the compounds were novel and characterized by spectroscopic investigation to be 13,26-epoxy-3β,11α-dihydroxyolean-12-one and 3β,11α,13β-trihydroxyolean-12-one. Two known triterpenes were identified as taraxastane-3β,20β-diol and taraxastane-3β,20α-diol. These triterpenes were not detected in the original green tea leaves.
Abaxial Greening Phenotype in Hybrid Aspen
Authors: Nowak Julia , Douglas Carl , Cronk Quentin
Published: April 2013

The typical angiosperm leaf, as in Arabidopsis, is bifacial consisting of top (adaxial) and bottom (abaxial) surfaces readily distinguishable by the underlying cell type (palisade and spongy mesophyll, respectively). Species of the genus Populus have leaves that are either conventionally bifacial or isobilateral. Isobilateral leaves have palisade mesophyll on the top and bottom of the leaf, making the two sides virtually indistinguishable at the macroscopic level. In poplars this has been termed the “abaxial greening” phenotype. Previous work has implicated ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) as an essential determinant of palisade mesophyll development. This gene, as well as other genes (84 in all) putatively involved in setting the dorsiventral axis of leaves, were investigated in two Populus species: black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and hybrid aspen (P. tremula x tremuloides), representative of each leaf type (bifacial and isobilateral, respectively). Poplar orthologs of AS1 have significantly higher expression in aspen leaf blade and lower in the petiole, suggestive of a potential role in the isobilateral leaf phenotype consistent with the previously observed phenotypes. Furthermore, an ABERRANT TESTA SHAPE (ATS) ortholog has significantly lower expression in aspen leaf tissue, also suggesting a possible contribution of this gene to abaxial greening.
Intra-articular injections of autologous platelet concentrates in dogs with surgical reparation of cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Carmona J. U. , Rezende C. M. F. , Silva R. F.
Published: April 2013

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate by clinical, radiographic, and force plate gait analyses the effect of postsurgical intra-articular injections of autologous platelet concentrates (PC) in a small group of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture.

Methods The ten dogs used in this study were initially presented with CCL rupture and underwent ligament replacement surgery by fascia lata autograft guided by arthroscopy. Six dogs received three intra-articular injections of PC (PC group); one dose was injected immediately after surgery, and two additional doses were injected at two-week intervals. The remaining four dogs received only nutraceuticals (control group). All dogs were evaluated by clinical examination, serial radiography, and force plate gait analyses at monthly intervals up to 90 days.

Results The clinical follow-up of the PC-treated group indicated a better outcome than the control group. Radiographic evaluation was not conclusive. Values of peak vertical reaction force and vertical impulse of the affected limbs were only significantly larger on the 90th postoperative day in the PC group compared to the control group.

Clinical significance Our results indicate that autologous PC might improve functional outcome after intra-articular cranial cruciate ligament repair. The effect of PC when using other repair procedures warrants additional studies.
Medullary decompression of the radius as treatment for lameness in a horse
Authors: Carstens A. , Rubio-Marténez L. M.
Published: April 2013

Increased intraosseous pressure (IOP) is a well-characterized source of pain in humans that can be successfully treated by medullary decompression. This report describes the clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment and successful outcome of a horse with a four week long, non-weight bearing lameness secondary to suspected traumaticallyinduced increased IOP in the left radius. Scintigraphic examination characterized by severe increase in radiopharmaceutical uptake within the affected radius aided in the initial localization of the source of lameness. Decompression of the affected radius was performed by drilling two 3.2 mm tracts through the lateral bone cortex into the medullary cavity. Intramedullary pressure in the radius was measured (37-39 mmHg). Dramatic clinical improvement was observed after surgical decompression of the affected bone and the horse showed full recovery and returned to previous exercise use by 12 months after treatment. Gradual decrease in radial radiopharmaceutical uptake was observed during the following year. Increased IOP should be considered as a cause of lameness in horses and scintigraphic examination may aid in its diagnosis. Medullary decompression may be a successful treatment in some cases.
Le financement de la vie politique française par les entreprises 1970-2012
Authors: Phélippeau Éric
Published: April 2013

L’objectif de cet article est de revenir sur les mobilisations associées aux nouvelles règles qui ont prétendu encadrer le financement de la vie politique française, et plus spécialement certaines ressources d’origine privée : les dons des entreprises. Entre la fin des années 1980 et le milieu des années 1990, ces financements, d’abord occultes, furent soudain légalisés avant d’être de nouveau prohibés. L’analyse de ce processus livre un nouvel éclairage de ces brusques revirements. Elle montre combien la collecte et la gestion de telles ressources reflètent de sérieuses inégalités entre candidats. L’étude des débats parlementaires réformant cet enjeu lié au financement politique nous permet de pénétrer le sens pratique des députés impliqués dans ces réformes politiques. Finalement, l’examen du contexte de la prohibition des dons d’entreprises nous aide à comprendre comment les règles en matière de divulgation jouèrent un rôle important dans ce changement de cap. Par la suite, la mise en œuvre de ces nouvelles règles fut à l’origine d’incertitudes (progressivement tranchées par les juridictions), faisant naître dans le même temps d’autres manières de contourner les lois. Au final, toute l’enquête constitue plus généralement une occasion de poser la question du tracé fluctuant de la frontière symbolique entre sphère politique et milieux d’affaires ou cercles socio-économiques.
Rapport à l'argent et conception de la corruption politique
Authors: Lascoumes Pierre , Le Hay Viviane
Published: April 2013

Les relations entre l’argent et le politique ont toujours été problématiques. C’est toujours la crainte d’une emprise des intérêts privés sur l’intérêt public qui est en cause, c’est-à-dire le dévoiement du bien commun par les besoins particularistes. Sur la base d’une enquête quantitative et de traitements statistiques cet article se propose de préciser dans quelle mesure les représentations de l’argent privé et des moyens d’enrichissement influent sur la conception de la fonction politique. La démonstration procède en quatre temps. Après avoir présenté les jugements généraux sur l’argent et l’enrichissement, nous montrerons leur relation avec l’appréciation du politique. Puis, nous traiterons des relations entre l’image de l’argent et les jugements sur la probité publique. Enfin, nous présenterons une typologie d’attitudes qui synthétise les variables précédentes.
My Mamma Mia
Authors: Lampart G. Evelyn
Published: April 2013

In this patient narrative the author describes the emotional shock of being told they will need a mastectomy. The work ‘mastectomy’ is analyzed for its visceral impact on the author. Their psychologist suggests changing the word. MAMMA MIA then becomes the nomenclature that serves to contain the emotional impact of having one’s breast removed, and helps the author accept the fact that they will need the operation. The process of choosing a surgeon is described in detail. Two of the doctors are dehumanizing. The surgeon chosen is flexible and patient. This is the author’s emotional account of having breast cancer, and her journey following up with treatment without sacrificing their womanhood.
Sarah’s Choice
Authors: Price Amy
Published: April 2013

The utility of screening mammograms is debated amidst reviews of lead-time bias and high false positive rates. Medical communities are highly invested with equipment and labor to fulfill screening mandates. It is an emotive topic, as 1 in 12 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Survival rates are rising but still death from breast cancer is tragic and painful. It is against this backdrop the author assists Sarah (pseudo-name), who is a 39 year old woman make a choice about mammogram screening.
Individualization of Decision Making Regarding Mammographic Screening for Breast Cancer in Women 40-49 y.o. with First Degree Relative with Breast Cancer
Authors: Makretsov Nikita A
Published: April 2013

This paper aims to help health care providers to advise the healthy female patients age of 40-49 y.o. who have one first degree relative with breast cancer, whether she should or should not participate in mammographic screening. The author’s patient is anxious whether she should have her mammogram done and whether it will benefit her. Her sister was most recently diagnosed with breast fibroadenoma. In order to answer their patient’s question the author take into consideration medical aspects of mammography as a screening test, and integrate them with patient values and preferences into a single decision-making model. This paper is based on the modeling of a decision tree, using the information extracted from open sources and peer-reviewed publications. It is based on comprehensive search for each model parameter, but is not an all-inclusive systematic review. The purpose of this work is both educational and practical: the authors try to apply the decision analysis methodology in an attempt to solve this dilemma while trying to avoid or at least minimize biased assumptions regarding usefulness of mammography in this group of patients. Based on their proposed model the decision regarding the participation into mammographic screening in this particular scenario is highly driven by patient values and preferences.
How Much does Post Discharge Follow-Up Matter?
Authors: Price Amy
Published: April 2013

Injury or disease of the brain can be troubling and resource laden in a hospital care setting. When the patient is discharged they are often released to unprepared and untrained family members who may be overwhelmed with the responsibility and burden of care. Local medical providers may not be aware of simple tools that family members and the patient themselves can use to encourage healthy monitoring, communication and recovery strategies. The patient may not reason or function as they did before the injury and this can change family dynamics and influence quality of life at home and in the community. Diligent and knowledgeable follow up can decrease post discharge complications and aid patient recovery. Here we offer suggestions for care and monitoring adaptable for low resource settings.
Lowlands Mapping in Forest Guinea
Authors: Saïdi S. , Camara A. , Gazull L. , Passouant M. , Soumaré M.
Published: April 2013

This article presents a lowland mapping method for the Forested Guinea (Guinée Forestière) using a 30 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that is currently the best option to analyze large forested areas. This low cost DEM method applies surface topography analysis processes to better discriminate areas with stagnant and/or accumulated water. The main index selected is the immediate proximity of flat areas to drainage network, the former with slope gradients not exceeding 5% (2.86°). The mapped lowlands potential cover a surface of 4516 km2, i.e., 10% of the total area of the region with hydro-agricultural potential.
Crowdsourcing and Education with Relation to the Knowledge Economy
Authors: Scalise Kathleen
Published: April 2013

Crowdsourcing in the development and use of educational materials involves Web 2.0 tools to leverage collaboration and produce materials from user groups and stakeholders. Such a community-based design, sometimes called a participatory design, can help capture, refine, carry out, systematize or evaluate aspects of online learning materials. Here the use of crowdsourcing is discussed in educational assessments. This paper presents new evidence on how examinees respond to use of crowdsourcing. It shows how a “modify” option in the content can lead to the generation of new materials, and new knowledge, through tapping into the wisdom of the group.
Study on Catalysis Properties of Graphene Catalyst Loading Iron Oxide
Authors: Yang Qiao Wen , Li Peng Fei , Zhu Ying , Ying Chen , Zuo Jin Lei , Dan Hai Jun , Shi Shao He
Published: April 2013

The graphite oxide was synthesized with Hummers liquid-phase oxidation method in experiment, and then was reduced to graphene by sodium borohydride, the iron oxide was loaded by dipping method. The catalyst that made reacted in SCR reaction unit in laboratory, the catalysis properties of catalyst was investigated. The experiment results showed that graphene was flake nanometer sheet and presented transparent fold shape, its crystal structure was in order arrangement; the nature of graphene was close to that of raw graphite; their surface function groups were similar; Fe/graphene SCR catalysts had certain catalytic ability in the reaction, the NO conversion rate of catalyst was about 50% while the temperature range was from 200°C to 300°C.
Steam Gasification of Catalytic Pyrolysis Char for Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production
Authors: Sun Wu Xing , Zhou Yan , Wang Qi , Wang Shu Rong
Published: April 2013

Steam gasification of biochar from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass was studied in a fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. The experiments were carried out at bed temperature of 700, 750, 800 °C at steam flow rate of 0.1 g/min with reaction time of 3h. The gases produced included mainly H2, CO, CO2 and some small molecular hydrocarbons. The results showed that high gasification temperature was favorable for the production of hydrogen-rich gases. The maximum concentration of hydrogen exceeded 85% at 800 °C and the total gas yield increased with temperature rising. Meanwhile, the conversion efficiency of biochar at 700, 750, 800 °C was 48%, 60%, 72% respectively.
Simulation of Nucleation, Growth, and Aggregation of Nonaparticles in Supercritical Water
Authors: Zhou Lu , Wang Shu Zhong , Ma Hong He
Published: April 2013

A simulation model was developed for predicting the particle size evolution in hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles in supercritical water. Four elementary kinetic processes, including hydrothermal synthesis reaction, nucleation, growth, and aggregation, were involved based on the population balance equations (PBEs). The homogenous nucleation of metal oxide nanoparticles started at the operation time of 3.72μs. When the rate constant of hydrothermal synthesis reaction lnk increased from 2.8 to 6.16, the nucleation rate increased by three orders of magnitude (1021-1024particles/m3•s) and the nucleation period reduced from 0.2s to less than 0.02s. The APS decreased by approximately half when a ten-fold smaller growth rate constant was adopted in the range of 10-11-10-8.
Lubrication Properties of Biodiesel: Experimental Investigation and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Luo Hui , Fan Wei Yu , Li Yang , Nan Guo Zhi
Published: April 2013

In this work, biodiesels, such as such as ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, ethyl ricinoleate, were adopted as lubricity additives for low-sulfur diesel fuel, at the concentration range of 0.1~2 wt%. Tribological evaluation obtained from the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) showed that double bonds or hydroxyl introduced in the carbon chain of the esters could lead to a higher lubrication performance. The lubricity efficiency order was explained by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The lubricity enhancing properties of the esters are mainly determined by the cohesive energy of adsorbed films formed on iron surface. The greater the cohesive energy, the more efficiently it is that the esters enhance the lubricity of low-sulfur diesel fuel.
Shape Description and Sedimentation Characteristics of Non Spherical Regular Particles
Authors: Yi Song Lin , Wang Zhi Ming , Yi Xian Zhong , Wan Wen Ni , Qi Hai Ying
Published: April 2013

The research progress on settling characteristics of non-spherical particles is summarized. Three new filling coefficients in three directions of cuboid are defined. Combining with the existing parameters, a new mathematical model of drag coefficient CD is proposed that using six variables describes the shape information of arbitrary shape particles. This equation is derived and shows reasonable accuracy with the error being less than 1%.
Thermal Comfort Characteristics Analysis of Induced Radiation Units
Authors: Sun Ming Ming , Zhong Jian Fa , Wu Wei Jun , Liu Jian , Wang Zhi Yi
Published: April 2013

Induces the operating principle of the induced radiation unit and studies the uniformity of indoor temperature distribution in the space and time, comfort and dewing condensation based on the PMV-PPD thermal comfort evaluation system. Through data collation and results analysis, obtains thermal comfort superiority and energy-saving potential of the reduced radiation air conditioning. The results show that the temperature distribution in the room stalled by the reduced radiation units is uniform, without sense of temperature difference and ventilation, providing an ultra-comfortable environment and that the indoor setting temperature can be up to 27°C on the premise of meeting comfort requirement. At the same time, air supply of low temperature can be achieved without condensation, reflecting the energy-saving potential of the system. These provide a reference for design of the induced radiation air conditioning system and further study.
An Experimental Analysis of Interior Noise in an Ambulance and Noise Reduction with Damping Materials
Authors: Bai Song , Xu Xin Xi , Yang Meng , Liu Xiao Hui , Su Wei Hua , Nu Fu
Published: April 2013

To solve the problem of an ambulance interior noise, a multi-input and single-output linear system model is established based on the partial coherence analysis method. In this model, vibration acceleration signals of panels are treated as input, sound pressure signals is treated as output. The relevant influence among the system inputs are ruled out and the partial coherence function value is considered as an indicator to estimate the panels’ acoustic contribution to the field point. On the basis of analysis, the structural modification with damping materials is performed on the panels with greater contribution. The results show that panels’ acoustic contribution can be analyzed by partial coherence analysis method effectively and structural modification with damping materials based on the method has significant effect on reducing the vehicle interior noise and decreasing additional mass.
CFD-Based Simulation of the Temperature Distribution in Multi-Span Greenhouse with Warm Air Heating System
Authors: Ji Heng Song , Wang Qian , Guo Ze Yu
Published: April 2013

A greenhouse heating mode was proposed in this paper in order to reduce energy consumption and increase the efficiency of heating system for greenhouse. Considering experimental greenhouse practical operating conditions and various environmental factors, a warm air heating system, with heat source of biomass boilers, end heat abstractor of fan coils, was designed and some winter heating experiments was conducted. With the CFD method, the modelling of thermal environment inside the greenhouse in winter night was realized, temperature variation and distribution was simulated by STAR-CCM+. The simulation results were compared with experimental temperatures at the key positions in the greenhouse, and indicated that temperature errors of the monitoring points were less than 2K, relative error less than 8%, calculated root-mean-square error was 0.47K. Thus the validity of proposed model was certified.
On-Board Gaseous Emissions from Diesel Passenger Car Fueled with Alternative Fuels on Different Road Types
Authors: Feng Qian , Lou Di Ming , Tan Pi Qiang , Zhi Yuan Hu , Yao Di
Published: April 2013

On-board gaseous emissions from diesel passenger car fueled with alternative fuels on different road types were studied using an On Board System (OBS2200) manufactured by HORIBA. The on-board testing shows that CO emissions from the car fueled with testing fuels on urban arterial road is highest while lowest on river-bridge. The car fueled with n-butanol diesel exhausts less CO relatively while increases THC emission. The biodiesel and n-butanol diesel increase NOX emission from the car while CTL and GTL can help the car reduce NOX emission. On urban arterial road and sub-arterial road CO2 emission is normally high while low on suburban freeway and river-bridge
Numerical Calculation of Spray and Combustion with Heating Fuel in a Medium Speed Diesel Engine
Authors: Lai Xiao Yi , Zhang Cheng Cheng , Zhang Zhou Rong , Li Jian Zhi , Wang Qian
Published: April 2013

The fuel usually has high viscosity and low quality for marine diesel engines. Especially for its shallow combustion chamber structures, the preparation of in-cylinder mixture gas is mainly rely on spray and atomization, which is vulnerable influenced by fuel viscosity and surface tension seriously. Based on the case, this paper introduced a CFD method to heat the diesel fuel to reduce fuel viscosity and surface tension, expecting to explore the in-cylinder combustion process and emissions generation, so that the atomization effect of fuel spray and combustion in diesel could be improved. The calculation model was set up according to the L23/30H diesel engine. Temperature field and pressure field in cylinder were calculated and the emission of NO were studied under conditions of different fuel temperatures. The results show that the increasing of fuel temperature is helpful to realize low-temperature combustion and reduce NO emission to some extent.
On Road Particle Emissions of a Diesel Car Fueled with Coal to Liquids
Authors: Tan Pi Qiang , Ding Pei Lei , Zhi Yuan Hu , Lou Di Ming
Published: April 2013

Particle emissions of a diesel car fueled with coal to liquids (CTL) on road were tested. The particle number and size distribution were mainly studied. Three typical roads were adopted in this test, including urban arterial roads, secondary roads and freeways. The results show that transient particle number of the car has a corresponding relationship with the vehicle speed. With the speed increasing, the number of both nucleation mode particles and accumulation mode particles increase continuously. With the CTL blend ratio increasing, the number of nucleation mode particles and accumulation mode particles decreases, especially accumulation mode particles whose size are more than 100nm diameter. With the CTL blend ratio increasing, the particle numbers in the three typical roads show downward trends, especially on freeways. It shows that the CTL fuel can distinctly reduce the exhaust particle number of diesel cars on road.