bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotection by an anti-MASP-2 antibody in a murine model of myocardial infarction
Authors: Clark James, E , Dudler Thomas , Marber Michael, S , Schwaeble Wilhelm
Published: January 2018

Background

Myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Many approaches have been investigated to counteract the pathological consequences associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cardiac remodelling. It is accepted that inflammation, and therefore activation of the complement pathway, is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of this injury, and many attempts have been made to ameliorate the infarction and consequent dysfunction using anticomplement therapy, with mixed success. Recently, the lectin complement activation pathway involving the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) has been shown to be an important mediator of the inflammatory response in ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the heart. In this study, therefore, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of using monoclonal antibodies raised against MASP-2 in a murine model of AMI.

Methods

Mice were injected with anti-MASP-2 antibody or control 18 hours prior to experimental infarction by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. The developed infarct was measured, and blood was collected for analysis of lectin pathway functional activity.

Results and conclusions

We found that mice treated with anti-MASP-2 antibody had smaller infarcts than those treated with control antibody. We believe this may represent a valuable step forward in the protection of the myocardium against ischaemia–reperfusion injury.
Optical properties of a single quantum well under electric and tilted magnetic fields
Authors: Özbakır R.
Published: January 2018

In this study, the effects of electric and tilted magnetic fields on changes in the total absorption coefficient and the refractive index, including the linear and third-order nonlinear terms for transition between the ground and first excited level of an electron confined within the GaAs/GaAlAs quantum well, have been investigated. Furthermore, the effects of the magnetic field direction (i.e., different tilt angles) and the well parameters as well as the electric field strength on the optical properties are taken into consideration. The energy levels and wave functions of the system are calculated by using the effective mass approximation and the compact density-matrix approach is used for optical transitions. The obtained results show that the optical properties of the system are sensitive to the applied external fields and well dimensions.
A Basic Language Resource Kit Implementation for the Igbo
NLP
Project
Authors: Onyenwe Ikechukwu E , Hepple Mark , Chinedu Uchechukwu , Ezeani Ignatius
Published: January 2018

Igbo, an African language with around 32 million speakers worldwide, is one of the many languages having few or none of the language processing resources needed for advanced language technology applications. In this article, we describe the approach taken to creating an initial set of resources for Igbo, including an electronic text corpus, a part-of-speech (POS) tagset, and a POS-tagged subcorpus. We discuss the approach taken in gathering texts, the preprocessing of these texts, and the development of the POS tagged corpus. We also discuss some of the problems encountered during corpus and tagset development and the solutions arrived at for these problems.
Pushing Boundaries: My Personal and Scientific Journey
Authors: Sarachik Myriam P.
Published: January 2018

This autobiographical narrative offers a brief account of my journey and adventures in condensed matter physics (a.k.a. solid state physics) and some of the personal events that shaped my life and my career: my early years in Europe, my family's escape from the Nazis, growing up in Cuba, the difficult road into a field that was essentially closed to women, a personal disaster that knocked the wind out of my sails for more than a decade, and my return to a successful career in physics. In closing, I argue that, although we have made remarkable progress, we know but a thimble-full in our inexhaustible search for an understanding of the laws of nature.
Phylogeny and Evolution of Neuropterida: Where Have Wings of Lace Taken Us?
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Winterton Shaun L. , Breitkreuz Laura C.V.
Published: January 2018

The last 25 years of phylogenetic investigation into the three orders constituting the superorder Neuropterida—Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, and Neuroptera—have brought about a dramatic revision in our understanding of the evolution of lacewings, snakeflies, dobsonflies, and their diverse relatives. Phylogenetic estimations based on combined analyses of diverse data sources, ranging from adult and larval morphology to full mitochondrial genomic DNA, have begun to converge on similar patterns, many times in accordance with hypotheses put forth by Cyril Withycombe nearly a century ago. These data, in combination with information from the fossil record, have given a revised perspective on the historical evolution and classification of Neuropterida, necessitating an overhaul of their organization and providing focus and insight on fruitful future efforts for neuropterology.
The Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lee Boram , Lee Jihong , Cheon Jin-Hong , Sung Hyun-Kyung , Cho Seung-Hun , Chang Gyu Tae
Published: January 2018

Objectives. We aimed to summarize and critically evaluate the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods. We searched 13 databases for studies published up to December 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture for children with ASD were included. Outcome measures were the overall scores on scales evaluating the core symptoms of ASD and the scores for each symptom, such as social communication ability and skills, stereotypies, language ability, and cognitive function. Effect sizes were presented as mean differences (MD). Results. Twenty‐seven RCTs with 1736 participants were included. Acupuncture complementary to behavioral and educational intervention significantly decreased the overall scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (MD −8.10, 95% CI −12.80 to −3.40) and the Autism Behavior Checklist (MD −8.92, 95% CI −11.29 to −6.54); however, it was unclear which of the ASD symptoms improved. Acupuncture as a monotherapy also reduced the overall CARS score. The reported adverse events were acceptable. Conclusions. This review suggests that acupuncture may be effective and safe for pediatric ASD. However, it is not conclusive due to the heterogeneity of the acupuncture treatment methods used in the studies.
Antibacterial Activities of Five Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia against Some Human and Animal Pathogens
Authors: Romha Gebremedhin , Admasu Birhanu , Hiwot Gebrekidan Tsegaye , Aleme Hailelule , Gebru Gebreyohans
Published: January 2018

Objective. To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of five plant extracts which have been used as traditional medicines by local healers against three multidrug resistant bacteria, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results. The highest mean zone of inhibition (4.66 mm) was recorded from methanol extract of Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth. at a concentration of 200 mg/ml against S. aureus, followed by Croton macrostachyus Del. (4.43 mm) at the same dose and solvent for the same bacterial species, while methanol and chloroform extracts of E. brucei Schwein. did not inhibit growth of any bacterial species. The lowest value (100 μg/ml) of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed from both methanol and chloroform extracts of C. aurea (Ait.) Benth. against all the three bacteria. The results of the positive control had no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) when compared with crude extracts of C. aurea (Ait.) Benth. at concentration of 200 mg/ml against S. aureus. Conclusion. The results of the present study support the traditional uses of these medicinal plants by the local healers. Except Erythrina brucei Schwein., all the plants investigated in this study exhibited antibacterial activities against the test bacterial species. Further researches are needed to be conducted to evaluate efficacy of these medicinal plant species on other microbes in different agroecological settings and their safety levels as well as their phytochemical compositions.
Performance Analysis of Output Threshold-Based Incremental Multiple-Relay Combining Scheme with Adaptive Modulation for Cooperative Networks
Authors: Hwang Kyu-Sung , Ju MinChul
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we propose an output threshold-based incremental multiple-relay combining scheme for cooperative amplify-and-forward relay networks with nonidentically distributed relay channels. Specifically, in order to achieve the required performance, we consider both conventional incremental relaying and multiple-relay selection where relays are adaptively selected based on a predetermined output threshold. Moreover, the adaptive modulation technique is adopted by our proposed scheme for satisfying both the spectral efficiency and the required error rate. For the proposed scheme, we first derive an upper bound of the output combined signal-to-noise ratio and then provide its statistics such as cumulative distribution function (CDF), probability density function (PDF), and moment generating function (MGF) over independent, nonidentically distributed Rayleigh fading channels. Additionally, we analyze the system performance in terms of average spectral efficiency, average bit error rate, outage probability, and system complexity. Finally, numerical examples show that our proposed scheme leads to a certain performance improvement in the cooperative networks.
Stochastic Small Signal Interval Stability of Power Systems with Asynchronous Wind Turbine Generators
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liu Yanhong
Published: January 2018

The stochastic dynamic interval model of power systems with asynchronous wind turbine generators is established with consideration of the interval uncertain parameters and random small excitation disturbances. The conditions of interval mean stability and interval mean square stability of the power systems are proposed. The relationship between the bounds of the mean (mean square) error and the parameter interval range of the systems is discussed. Finally, we simulate the power systems to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Characteristic Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Related to Quality of Life in Drug-Naïve Patients with Late-Onset Parkinson Disease
Authors: Park Hea Ree , Youn Jinyoung , Cho Jin Whan , Oh Eung-Seok , Kim Ji Sun , Park Suyeon , Jang Wooyoung , Park Jin Se
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: Unlike young-onset Parkinson disease (YOPD), characteristics of late-onset PD (LOPD) have not yet been clearly elucidated. We investigated characteristic features and symptoms related to quality of life (QoL) in LOPD patients. Methods: We recruited drug-naïve, early PD patients. The patient cohort was divided into 3 subgroups based on patient age at onset (AAO): the YOPD group (AAO <50 years), the middle-onset PD (MOPD) group, and the LOPD group (AAO ≥70 years). Using various scales for motor symptoms (MS) and non-MS (NMS) and QoL, we compared the clinical features and impact on QoL. Results: Of the 132 enrolled patients, 26 were in the YOPD group, 74 in the MOPD group, and 32 in the LOPD group. Among parkinsonian symptoms, patients in the LOPD group had a lower score on the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment than the other groups. Logistic regression analysis showed genitourinary symptoms were related to the LOPD group. Linear regression analysis showed both MS and NMS were correlated with QoL in the MOPD group, but only NMS were correlated with QoL in the LOPD group. Particularly, anxiety and fatigue affected QoL in the LOPD group. Conclusion: LOPD patients showed different characteristic clinical features, and different symptoms were related with QoL for LOPD than YOPD and MOPD patients.
Developmental Origins of Health Span and Life Span: A Mini-Review
Authors: Preston Joshua D. , Reynolds Leryn J. , Pearson Kevin J.
Published: January 2018

Background: A vast body of research has demonstrated that disease susceptibility and offspring health can be influenced by perinatal factors, which include both paternal and maternal behavior and environment. Offspring disease risk has the potential to affect the health span and life span of offspring. Key Findings: Various maternal factors, such as environmental toxicant exposure, diet, stress, exercise, age at conception, and longevity have the potential to influence age-associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer risk in offspring. Paternal factors such as diet, age at conception, and longevity can potentially impact offspring health span and life span-reducing traits as well. Practical Implications: Continued research could go a long way toward defining mechanisms of the developmental origins of life span and health span, and eventually establishing regimens to avoid negative developmental influences and to encourage positive interventions to potentially increase life span and improve health span in offspring.
АНКЕТНЕ ОПИТУВАННЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ МІСТА ОДЕСИ З ПИТАНЬ ЗАХВОРЮВАНОСТІ НА ГРВІ
Authors: Mamedalіev N. A. , Divocha V. A.
Published: January 2018

Мета дослідження провести опитування населення м. Одеси та узагальнити дані про ставлення населення до проблем захворюваності на ГРВІ, визначення рівня вакцинації проти грипу.Методи дослідження. В роботі використовувалися медико-соціологічні і статистичні методи досліджень.Результати й обговорення. Проведене нами анкетне опитування серед населення м. Одеси показало, що спостерігається постійна періодичність захворюваності на ГРВІ 1-2 рази на сезон. Захворювання на ГРВІ (у т.ч. на грип) опитані переносили в основному в середній формі (56,5 %) протягом 3-5 днів, з підвищеною температурою тіла і втратою працездатності. У 17,4 % спостерігалося виникнення ускладнень ГРВІ (ангіна, бронхіт, пневмонія). Для лікування вже виниклого захворювання опитані використовували в основному комбіновані методи (72,5 %): жарознижуючі засоби і народні методи (чай, гірчичники і ін.).Висновки. Результати дослідження вказують на низький рівень довіри щодо організації медичної допомоги серед населення - тільки 20,3  % респондентів звернулися до лікаря після появи перших симптомів захворювання на ГРВІ. Виявлений низький рівень вакцинації серед опитаних (8,7 %), основана частина населення ніколи не робила щеплення від грипу - 91,3 %.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АМБУЛАТОРНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ МІСТА КИЄВА ЗА УМОВ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Kravchenko V. V.
Published: January 2018

Мета: проаналізувати ресурси і діяльність мережі амбулаторно-поліклінічних закладів, консультативно-діагностичних центрів у м. Києві в 2014–2016 рр.Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами для проведення аналізу були дані звітних статистичних форм № 17, № 20, а також статистичні довідники Київського міського інформаційно-аналітичного центру.Результати. У м. Києві на базі існуючих поліклінік створено 28 центрів первинної медико-санітарної допомоги та 13 консультативно-діагностичних центрів. Консультативно-діагностичні центри забезпечують 38,6–57,1 % серед усіх відвідувань амбулаторно-поліклінічних закладів. Основними ресурсними проблемами консультативно-діагностичних центрів є недостатнє фінансування, застаріле лікувально-діагностичне обладнання, неповнаукомплектованість кадрів.Висновки. Виявлені характерні особливості діяльності консультативно-діагностичних центрів будуть враховані при розробці функціонально-організаційної моделі консультативно-діагностичних центрів на принципах ДПП.
Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating From the Vicinity of the Communicating Vein of Cardiac Venous Systems at the Left Ventricular Summit
Authors: Komatsu Yuki , Nogami Akihiko , Shinoda Yasutoshi , Masuda Keita , Machino Takeshi , Kuroki Kenji , Yamasaki Hiro , Sekiguchi Yukio , Aonuma Kazutaka
Published: January 2018

Background

The communicating vein (CV) between the great cardiac vein and small cardiac venous systems passes between the aortic and pulmonary annulus and is located in close association with the left ventricular summit (summit CV).

Methods and Results

Thirty-one patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) underwent mapping of the left ventricular summit by using a 2F microcatheter introduced into the summit CV with coronary sinus venographic guidance. Of these, 14 patients were found to have summit-CV VAs. The remaining 17 patients (control group) had VAs originating from the right ventricular outflow tract and the aortic cusps. In patients with summit-CV VAs, the earliest activation during VAs in the summit CV preceded QRS onset by 34.1±5.3 ms. The summit-CV VAs exhibited inferior axis, negative polarity in lead I, deeper QS wave in lead aVL than aVR, and nonspecific bundle branch block morphology with an R/S ratio in lead V
1
of 0.67±0.33, which could be distinguishable from VAs originating from the right ventricular outflow tract and the right coronary cusp. Because of the inaccessibility of the summit CV to ablation catheter, ablation of summit-CV VAs was attempted at adjacent structures where an excellent pacemap was rarely obtained. Overall ablation success was achieved in 10 (71%) patients with summit VAs and 15 (88%) patients in control group (
P
=0.24).

Conclusions

The myocardium near the summit CV can be the source of idiopathic VAs. Direct monitoring of the summit CV is helpful for identifying the site of origin and provides a landmark of the ablation target, which may facilitate ablation through adjacent structures.
Alpha Oscillations during Incidental Encoding Predict Subsequent Memory for New “Foil” Information
Authors: Vogelsang David A. , Gruber Matthias , Bergström Zara M. , Ranganath Charan , Simons Jon S.
Published: January 2018

People can employ adaptive strategies to increase the likelihood that previously encoded information will be successfully retrieved. One such strategy is to constrain retrieval toward relevant information by reimplementing the neurocognitive processes that were engaged during encoding. Using EEG, we examined the temporal dynamics with which constraining retrieval toward semantic versus nonsemantic information affects the processing of new “foil” information encountered during a memory test. Time–frequency analysis of EEG data acquired during an initial study phase revealed that semantic compared with nonsemantic processing was associated with alpha decreases in a left frontal electrode cluster from around 600 msec after stimulus onset. Successful encoding of semantic versus nonsemantic foils during a subsequent memory test was related to decreases in alpha oscillatory activity in the same left frontal electrode cluster, which emerged relatively late in the trial at around 1000–1600 msec after stimulus onset. Across participants, left frontal alpha power elicited by semantic processing during the study phase correlated significantly with left frontal alpha power associated with semantic foil encoding during the memory test. Furthermore, larger left frontal alpha power decreases elicited by semantic foil encoding during the memory test predicted better subsequent semantic foil recognition in an additional surprise foil memory test, although this effect did not reach significance. These findings indicate that constraining retrieval toward semantic information involves reimplementing semantic encoding operations that are mediated by alpha oscillations and that such reimplementation occurs at a late stage of memory retrieval, perhaps reflecting additional monitoring processes.
Annual juvenile recruitment of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus (Decapoda, Palinuridae), in a shallow seagrass bed and a deeper hard bottom off western Puerto Rico
Authors: Jiménez Nilda M. , Williams, Jr. Ernest H. , Rosario Aida
Published: January 2018

We found 158 juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) recruiting over a year into 10 artificial shelters in shallow (2-3 m) seagrass beds, but none recruiting into 10 shelters on deeper (approximately 10 m) hard bottom. Spiny lobster juveniles were observed at 10 m or greater depth in submerged fish cages. They may have been strained out by currents rather than naturally recruiting. A large number of these cages inshore could impede natural lobster recruitment. One of the shallow shelters recruited most (85/158) of the juveniles and two shelters recruited most of all (118/158). With no discernable natural habitat difference, we assume that early recruitment into those shelters and the “guide effect” may have been responsible for these preferences. Previous Caribbean studies found the maximum settling periods of juveniles in August to December. Our results were similar with the exception of having more recruits one month later (August to January). Shelters with covers had more juveniles than those without covers; however, this result was largely due to the preponderance of juveniles in one shelter.
Nazwy marzeń sennych w historii języka polskiego
Authors: Krótki Zuzanna
Published: January 2018

Names of dreams in the history of the Polish languageThis article analyzes old names of dreams. During the process of collecting and sorting of the material, etymological data were taken into consideration, which allowed to establish that all the investigated units concentrated around three fields: 1. words with the root: sen/sn-, 2. words with the root: mor-/mar-/marz-, 3. words with the root: widz-. The dominating method in this sketch is the analysis of contexts in which the words within the “dream field” appeared. Considering as evidence the usages of each word recorded in dictionaries of old Polish, I deduce its meaning value in particular periods. Nazwy marzeń sennych w historii języka polskiegoW artykule analizie poddano dawne nazwy marzeń sennych. Podczas porządkowania materiału pod uwagę wzięto dane etymologiczne, które pozwoliły ustalić, że wszystkie badane jednostki koncentrowały się wokół trzech pól: 1. o rdzeniu sen-/śn-; 2. o rdzeniu mor-/mar-/marz-; 3. o rdzeniu widz-. Metodą dominującą w szkicu jest analiza kontekstów, w których występowały wyrazy należące do pola marzenie senne. Na podstawie poświadczeń użycia danego wyrazu w słownikach rejestrujących polszczyznę dawną wnioskuję o jego wartości znaczeniowej w danym okresie.
O potrzebie ujednolicenia sposobów transliteracji imion i nazwisk białoruskich w Polsce
Authors: Kaleta Radosław
Published: January 2018

Towards standards in transliteration of Belarusian names and surnames in PolandThe article presents many transliteration variants of Belarusian names and surnames in Poland. It discusses the most common variants of the Belarusian alphabet transliteration, both international and Belarusian, as well as Polish transcription. The multiplicity of variants raises technical problems in the documents (passports, residence permits, acts of birth etc.). The article is a voice in the discussion on the development of a unified system of transliteration of Belarusian alphabet for the needs of the documents recognized in Poland. O potrzebie ujednolicenia sposobów transliteracji imion i nazwisk białoruskich w PolsceArtykuł prezentuje wielość wariantów transliteracji imion i nazwisk białoruskich w Polsce. Przedstawiono najpopularniejsze warianty transliteracji alfabetu białoruskiego – zarówno międzynarodowe, jak i białoruskie – oraz transkrypcję polską. Wielość wariantów rodzi problemy natury technicznej w dokumentach (paszporty, karty pobytu, akty urodzin itd.). Artykuł jest głosem w dyskusji na temat opracowania ujednoliconego systemu transliteracji alfabetu białoruskiego na potrzeby dokumentów uznawanych w Polsce.
Walencja rosyjskich czasowników mentalnych w świetle składni eksplikacyjnej
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: January 2018

Valency of Russian mental verbs in the light of explicative syntaxThe subject of this article are syntactic (distributional) properties of Russian mental verbs (verbs of knowledge, understanding and thinking) in a synchronistic view. These units are studied using the theoretical model of explicative syntax. The author distinguishes some distributional patterns noted in the source material, and describes them, taking into account the meaning of the lexical class (mental verbs), as well as their frequency (functionality). Walencja rosyjskich czasowników mentalnych w świetle składni eksplikacyjnejPrzedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są składniowe (dystrybucyjne) właściwości rosyjskich czasowników mentalnych (czasowników wiedzy, rozumienia i myślenia) w ujęciu synchronicznym. Jednostki te są badane za pomocą teoretycznego modelu składni eksplikacyjnej. Autor wyróżnia odnotowane w materiale źródłowym wzorce/modele dystrybucyjne, opisując je przy uwzględnieniu znaczenia klasy leksykalnej (czasowników mentalnych), jak również ze względu na ich częstotliwość (funkcjonalność).
Konstrukcje z predykatami percepcji w języku słowackim i ich ekwiwalenty w języku polskim
Authors: Papierz Maria
Published: January 2018

Constructions with predicates of perception in Slovak and theirs equivalents in PolishThe aim of this paper is to present a special type of syntactic constructions in Slovak language, namely, the accusativus cum infinitivo. Constructions of this kind are connected with predicates of visual and auditory perception: Videl Petra bežať., Počul Evu spievať. In the traditional Slovak syntax, the infinitive in this constructions is characterized as a particular sentence element, so-called “doplnok” ‘predicate complement.’ The Polish equivalents of these constructions are subordinate clauses or participle constructions. The second part of the paper presents a Polish-Slovak comparative analysis of these predicates as propositional (semantic) sentence structures, based on Stanisław Karolak’s model. Konstrukcje z predykatami percepcji w języku słowackim i ich ekwiwalenty w języku polskimArtykuł jest próbą opisu szczególnego typu konstrukcji składniowych występujących w języku słowackim, tj. accusativus cum infinitivo, które łączą się z predykatami percepcji wzrokowej i słuchowej: Videl Petra bežať., Počul Evu spievať. Bezokolicznik w takich konstrukcjach jest w tradycji słowackiej opisywany jako odrębna część zdania, tzw. „doplnok”. W języku polskim konstrukcje oddawane są przez zdania podrzędne lub konstrukcje imiesłowowe. W drugiej części artykułu zaprezentowano opis tych predykatów w duchu składni semantycznej w oparciu o model Stanisława Karolaka w ujęciu porównawczym słowacko-polskim.
Vyjadrovanie fyzických stavov živej substancie v slovanských jazykoch
Authors: Tibenská Eva
Published: January 2018

Expressing physical conditions of a living substance in Slavic languagesThe article presents a new a didactically conditioned method of description and explanation of simple Slavic sentences. The approach is based on the comparative research of a common base, constituted by a congruent semantic logical-gnoseological structure, which I term the “macro-situation.” This macro-situation consists of several micro-situations, which constitute different viewing angles of the macro-situation’s thought-linguistic processing. The depiction of a micro-situation is constituted by congruent types of semantic-formal structures, which represent the existing variations as well as the thought-linguistic potential. Wyrażanie fizycznych warunków żywych substancji w językach słowiańskichArtykuł przedstawia nową, nastawioną dydaktycznie metodę opisu i analizy prostych zdań w językach słowiańskich. Podejście to opiera się na porównawczej analizie wspólnej podstawy. Podstawa ta przedstawia sobą strukturę logiczno-gnozeologiczną, którą nazywam „makrosytuacją”. Każda makrosytuacja dzieli się na pewną liczbę mikrosytuacji, stanowiących różne myślowo-językowe punkty widzenia na daną makrosytuację. Na opis mikrosytuacji składają się przystające typy struktur semantyczno-formalnych, zarówno występujące w języku, jak i potencjalne.
Граматичната категория лице във форумното общуване на bg-mamma
Authors: Тодорова [Todorova] Биляна [Bilyana]
Published: January 2018

The grammatical category of the person in bg-mamma forum communicationThe main purpose of the paper is to present some grammatical features of computer-mediated communication (CMC), in particular the verb category of the person. The specifics of grammar use in CMC texts are not preferred by researchers as they are more difficult to investigate. The grammatical system is more stable and conservative and the differences in grammar use are less discernable. A lot of investigators claim that CMC occupies the middle position between speech and writing. Hewing and Coffin (2004) consider that in speech the first and the second person use is preferred; in writing the third person has more frequent use. This research thus aims to investigate the use of personal forms of verbs in some discussions in the largest Bulgarian forum platform – bg‑mamma. The results show that in the corpus the third person appears more often than others. The second person has lowest use. Gramatyczna kategoria osoby w komunikacji na forum internetowym bg-mammaPodstawowym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie pewnych gramatycznych właściwości komunikacji zapośredniczonej komputerowo (computer-mediated communication, CMC), tyczących się zwłaszcza czasownikowej kategorii osoby. Specyfika gramatyki tekstów CMC nie należy do tematów często podejmowanych przez badaczy, teksty te należą bowiem do trudniej poddających się analizie. System gramatyczny jest tu bardziej stabilny i charakteryzuje się większym konserwatyzmem, co utrudnia notowanie różnic gramatycznych. Wielu badaczy postuluje, że CMC plasuje się w połowie drogi między mową a pismem. Hewing i Coffin uważają, że w mowie częściej używa się pierwszej i drugiej osoby, w piśmie zaś – trzeciej. Wychodząc z tego założenia, podjęto analizę użycia form osobowych czasowników w niektórych wątkach dyskusyjnych największego bułgarskiego forum internetowego bg-mamma. Jej wyniki wskazują, że w korpusie najczęściej występują czasowniki w trzeciej osobie, najrzadziej zaś – czasowniki w drugiej osobie.
Wizerunek ateisty i jego miejsce na konfesyjnej mapie świata na Śląsku Cieszyńskim
Authors: Greń Zbigniew
Published: January 2018

The image of the atheist and his place on the confessional map of the world in Cieszyn SilesiaThe aim of this article is to create an image of the atheist based on historical and contemporary sources. The history of the concept of the atheist is described on the basis of the regional press, the contemporary picture of the concept – on the basis of the results of a questionnaire and discussions on religious topics on regional websites. The analysis showed that the concept of the atheist is treated as a term equivalent to the terms of members of different churches. The research shows not only the image of the atheist, but also its place in the system of perception of religious differences. Wizerunek ateisty i jego miejsce na konfesyjnej mapie świata na Śląsku CieszyńskimCelem niniejszego artykułu jest stworzenie obrazu ateisty na podstawie źródeł historycznych i współczesnych. Historia pojęcia ateisty została opisana na podstawie prasy regionalnej, współczesny obraz – na podstawie wyników ankiet i dyskusji na tematy religijne na regionalnych stronach internetowych. Analiza wykazała, że pojęcie ateisty jest traktowane jako pojęcie równorzędne z określeniami członków różnych Kościołów. W wyniku badań przedstawiono nie tylko wizerunek ateisty, lecz także jego miejsce w systemie postrzegania różnic wyznaniowych.
Rec.: Todor Bojadžiev, Vladimir Žobov, Georgi Kolev, Maksim Mladenov, Darina Mladenova, Vasilka Radeva, Ideografski dialekten rečnik na bălgarskija ezik, T. 1: A–D, Sofija 2012, ss. 1055
Authors: Waniakowa Jadwiga , Bijak Urszula
Published: January 2018

Review: Todor Bojadžiev, Vladimir Žobov, Georgi Kolev, Maksim Mladenov, Darina Mladenova, Vasilka Radeva, Ideografski dialekten rečnik na bălgarskija ezik, Vol. 1: A–D, Sofija 2012, 1055 pp.The article is a review of the first volume of An ideographic dialectal dictionary of the Bulgarian language. One of the crucial distinguishing features of the dictionary are the entry words, which are lexemes of literary Bulgarian naming the particular concepts. The entries are listed alphabetically but in keeping with the conceptual, onomasiological order. The particular entries contain all the registered dialectal forms along with their phonetic and morphological variants and information on the variants’ geographical distribution. Such way of presentation is supposed to provide a full picture of the equivalents of the general-language lexeme (concept) and demonstrate the diversity, lexical richness and nominational capabilities of Bulgarian dialects, while the choice of particular motivational features in the formation of words is supposed to reflect the specifics of the language users’ culture. The dictionary also contains words with no equivalents in the general language, a fact that allows for establishing the thematic groups (or semantic circles) in which Bulgarian dialects developed lexis that is peculiar to them. Rec.: Todor Bojadžiev, Vladimir Žobov, Georgi Kolev, Maksim Mladenov, Darina Mladenova, Vasilka Radeva, Ideografski dialekten rečnik na bălgarskija ezik, T. 1: A–D, Sofija 2012, ss. 1055Artykuł stanowi recenzję pierwszego tomu Ideograficznego słownika dialektów języka bułgarskiego. Jednym z podstawowych wyróżników omawianego słownika są wyrazy hasłowe – leksemy języka literackiego, nazywające poszczególne pojęcia. Artykuły hasłowe są uporządkowane alfabetycznie, ale z zachowaniem układu pojęciowego, onomazjologicznego. Poszczególne hasła zawierają zarejestrowane formy gwarowe i ich warianty fonetyczne oraz morfologiczne z uwzględnieniem rozmieszczenia terytorialnego danych postaci. Taka prezentacja ma dawać pełny obraz ekwiwalentów gwarowych danego leksemu (pojęcia) z języka ogólnego oraz pokazać różnorodność, leksykalne bogactwo i możliwości nominacyjne gwar bułgarskich, a wybór określonych cech motywacyjnych w kreacji wyrazów ma oddawać specyfikę kulturową użytkowników języka. W słowniku można też odnaleźć szereg specyficznych wyrazów, które nie mają odpowiedników w języku ogólnym, co pozwala ustalić, w jakich grupach tematycznych (czy też kręgach semantycznych) gwary wykształciły swoją własną leksykę.
Neue Fragmente Zur Lehre Eines Mannes Für Seinen Sohn (P. BM EA 10775 und P. BM EA 10778)
Authors: Fischer-Elfert Von Hans-W.
Published: January 2018

Publication of six hieratic papyrus fragments from Kom Medinet Ghurab (P. BM EA 10775a–d and P. BM EA 10778b–c) with parts of the Teaching of a Man for his Son dating to the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth Dynasty. EA 10775d and EA 10778b–c bear considerable interest for the reconstruction of the second part of the text. EA 10775e and verso bear part of the Instruction of Khety, a transcription of which is presented in the appendix.
Friendship and Frustration: A Study in Papyri Deir El-Medina IV-VI
Authors: Sweeney Deborah
Published: January 2018

Papyri Deir el-Medina IV, V and VI illustrate different problems between friends in the Ramesside Period. This article presents new translations of these texts and discusses them in the context of friendship, social obligation and reconciliation in ancient Egypt. Although these three letters have sometimes been presented as a group, they are probably the work of three distinct correspondents. The hieratic palaeography of these texts is analysed in an appendix.
A Parallel to the Inaros Story of P. Krall (P. Carlsberg 456 + P. Ctybr 4513): Demotic Narratives from the Tebtunis Temple Library (I)
Authors: Ryholt Kim
Published: January 2018

First publication of a fragmentary papyrus housed in the Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Copenhagen University, P. Carlsberg 456 (together with a small fragment of the same papyrus housed in the Beinecke Library, Yale, P. CtYBR 4513), which preserves parts of the opening sections of the Demotic narrative ‘The Battle for the Armour of Inaros’. This is otherwise known only from a substantial papyrus housed at Vienna, P. Krall = P. Dem. Vindob. 6521–6609, the beginning of which is severely damaged. The two versions are here edited with parallel transliterations, and parallel or combined translations. A partial reconstruction is offered of the early part of the story, which has so far remained obscure.
Fair Gegenüber dem ‘Mann von Draußen’ (rwtj)—Zu Einer Passage Einer Inschrift der Ersten Zwischenzeit
Authors: Morenz Ludwig D.
Published: January 2018

The first-person presentation (‘autobiography’) of Henui, a member of the Theban court elite of the Eleventh Dynasty, includes a negative double-verse in an extended parellelism (Moscow, Pushkin Museum I.1.a. 1137a). Henui claims that he neither denounced the ‘man of the ruler’ (z n ḥqȝ)—or ‘a man to/with the ruler’ (z n ḥqȝ)—nor the ‘outsider’ (rwtj). This negative assertion is remarkably similar to the ‘negative confession’. The expression šdj(=j) mdw nb in the double-verse may have a specifically Sethian connotation. The problem of a specific hieroglyphic grapholect in Eleventh Dynasty Thebes is briefly discussed.
The Small Seals of the Fortress of Askut
Authors: Gratien Brigitte
Published: January 2018

The discovery, at Mirgissa, of sealings inscribed with the name of Askut, completes the list of the small seals of the Egyptian settlements in Nubia.
Partisan Royal Epithets in the Late Third Intermediate Period and the Dynastic Affiliations of Pedubast I and Iuput II
Authors: Muhs Brian
Published: January 2018

The use of the epithets ‘son of Isis’ and ‘son of Bastet’ in royal names corresponds closely to the Theban Twenty-third and late Twenty-second Dynasties respectively, suggesting that the epithets may have indicated dynastic affiliation. These epithets were occasionally used outside of the Theban Twenty-third and late Twenty-second Dynasties, but these occurrences can be understood as appropriations or reinterpretations rather than as incompatible exceptions. If these epithets did indeed indicate dynastic affiliation during the Theban Twenty-third and late Twenty-second Dynasties, then both Pedubast I and Iuput II should be associated with the Twenty-second Dynasty, since both used the epithet ‘son of Bastet’.
The Fate of Sennefer and Senetnay at Karnak Temple and in the Valley of the Kings
Authors: Eaton-Krauss M.
Published: January 2018

The ‘artists' signatures' on the statue of Sennefer and Senetnay are revealed to be additions dating to the Third Intermediate Period. A review of the circumstances of the statue's excavation at Karnak leads to reconsideration of the so-called ‘chapel of Hatshepsut’. Budge's account of the chapel's discovery is shown to be credible after all, with North Karnak proposed as its location. Finally, the arguments for the attribution of a tomb in the Valley of the Kings (KV 42) to Sennefer and his wife are analyzed, and the implications for the Valley's history in the aftermath of the New Kingdom explored.
The Rehabilitation of Bocchoris: Notes and Queries from Italy
Authors: Ridgway David
Published: January 2018

It has been suggested that the pharaoh Bocchoris was famous for his wisdom, and that accordingly, the production of items bearing his cartouche is unlikely to have been confined to his short reign (720/19–715/14 BC, corresponding to the Twenty-fourth Dynasty). The latter therefore cannot provide a valid terminus post quem for contexts in the Classical world in which such Bocchoris-related artefacts occur. This suggestion is reviewed, and found wanting. It is noted that the evidence against ‘Bocchoris the Obscure' comes from later Classical sources rather than from the Egypt of his own time. Elsewhere, his dates have never been required to provide more than general support for a long-established chronological scheme involving Corinthian pottery and the foundation-dates of Greek colonies in Sicily, via the Bocchoris scarab from Euboean Pithekoussai (Ischia). The immediate context of this piece is briefly re-assessed.
Human Mummification Practices at Ismant El-Kharab
Authors: Aufderheide C. , Zlonis Michael , Cartmell Larry L. , Zimmerman Michael R. , Sheldrick Peter , Cook Megan , Molto Joseph E.
Published: January 2018

An estimated 169 inhumations were identified in 15 tomb chambers of the west cemetery at the Roman Period site of Ismant el-Kharab (Kellis) in Egypt's Dakhleh Oasis in the western desert. Of these, 50 were in the form of mummified human remains, about half of which represented deliberate, anthropogenic (‘artificial’) mummification. Comparison of mortuary practices with contemporary ones of the Nile Valley revealed some general similarities but also some exceptional differences. The most spectacular of these involved the production of composite mummies, prepared by using parts from multiple, different bodies, lashing them to a wood rack and wrapping the whole in such a manner as to resemble the external appearance of a traditional, single, mummified adult cadaver.
Sebakh, Sherds and Survey
Authors: Bailey Donald M.
Published: January 2018

For at least two centuries ancient city and village mounds in Egypt have been destroyed for agricultural purposes and for the manufacture of gunpowder. It is argued that the spread of sebakh from ancient mounds to cultivated ground as fertiliser negates the utility of field survey as a technique for locating ancient habitation in Egypt.
Venture Capital as an Alternative Means to Allocate Capital: An Agency-Theoretic View
Authors: Norton Edgar
Published: January 2018

The venture capital process is one of many methods of capital allocation. In a capital allocation process, investors acquire funds; potential investments are Identified and reviewed; Investment terms are negotiated; the investment must be monitored and ultimately harvested. The capital allocation process is full of potential agency problems. The venture capital process In particular provides a rich setting for the analysis of agency cost issues. This paper reviews the capital allocation process that occurs in venture capital investments. Suggestions are made for future research to study the role that agency cost issues play In the venture capital process.
Agency Costs, Market Discipline and Market Timing: Evidence from Post-IPO Operating Performance
Authors: McConaughy Daniel L , Dhatt Manjeet S. , Kim Yong H.
Published: January 2018

We compare ninety-nine 1985 IPO firms with a matched sample of “seasoned” firms. The IPO firms were more efficient and profitable, yet exhibited declining market-to-book-equity ratios over the 1985-1992 period. However, we observe no significant trend toward lower efficiency or profitability among the IPO firms. In fact, we observe a significant improvement in operating efficiency five to six years after the IPO. Post-IPO evidence suggests that (1) agency costs do not Increase; (2) the markets discipline entrepreneurs with incentives to maintain pre-IPO performance; and (3) poor stock performance is due to investors who overpay, extrapolating current performance into the future.
A Cross-Cultural Cognitive Model of New Venture Creation
Authors: Busenitz Lowell W. , Lau Chung-Ming
Published: January 2018

In examining the global landscape, it is clear that some cultures produce many more entrepreneurs than others. To explore this phenomenon, we take a cognitive perspective because it is assumed that the way one thinks has a significant impact on the intention to start a new business. Through the development of this model we clarify why some Individuals across different cultures tend to be more prolific in starting new ventures than others both Inside and outside the home country. In illustrating the model, the Chinese population and their high propensity to start new businesses when they migrate to new countries are discussed. Implications for competitive advantage and other areas of cross-cultural research are made.
A Synthesis of Six Exploratory, European Case Studies of Successfully Exited, Venture Capital-Financed, New Technology-Based Firms
Authors: Murray Gordon
Published: January 2018

This research presents the summary findings on six case studies of successful, venture capital investments in new technology-based firms in four European countries. In all cases, the enterprises had been financed by specialist, early-stage, and technology-focused venture funds which had exited the investments at a significant economic return. The exceptional competence and track records of the founder managers, and their defensible product position in growing markets, each appeared to be a common feature across the individual case studies. The paper also questions the unitary nature of the entrepreneurial process, arguing for entrepreneurial resources to be seen as an eclectically sourced stock.
Regulatory Environment and Strategic Orientations in a Transitional Economy: A Study of Chinese Private Enterprise
Authors: Tan Justin
Published: January 2018

This study examines characteristics of perceived political/regulatory environments and strategic orientations among Chinese private enterprises. Using a sample of fifty-three private entrepreneurs, the study found that regulatory hostility, dynamism, and complexity led to strategies characterized by innovativeness, proactiveness, and risktaking, yet discouraged future-oriented strategy. Results were compared with studies of entrepreneurs in Western economies as well as Chinese entrepreneurs in other countries. Implications are also discussed.
The Initial Succession: A Contingency Model of Founder Tenure
Authors: Rubenson George C. , Gupta Anil K.
Published: January 2018

The initial succession away from the founder in maturing firms has received moderate research attention, particularly in the family business literature. However, most studies have focused on individual factors and their effects on various outcome measures without developing comprehensive, conceptual underpinning. This article attempts to improve our understanding of this key milestone in the life of the organization by developing a basic contingency model to help conceptualize the Interplay between the evolving organization and the unique characteristics of the particular founder.
Venture Capital Supply and Accounting Information System Development
Authors: Mitchell Falconer , Reid Gavin C. , Terry Nicholas G.
Published: January 2018

One of the most important events in the early life-cycle of any entrepreneurial firm that harbors serious growth ambitions is the Infusion of external capital (Reid, 1996). This event can lead to significant changes in the firm's ownership composition. It affects its subsequent rate of growth and, consequently, its size and organizational structure. It is within the context of such changes that the managerial demand for information about the firm is stimulated. This study examines the origins and characteristics of developments in the accounting information systems (AIS) of firms that are going through this stage. It does so by investigating the consequences of venture capital1 intervention for the entrepreneurial firm, particularly as regards the characteristics of its accounting information system.