bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technological Proposals for Recycling Industrial Wastes for Environmental Applications
Authors: Romero-Hermida Isabel , Morales-Flórez Víctor , Santos Alberto , Villena Antonio , Esquivias Luis
Published: August 2014

A two-fold objective is proposed for this research: removing hazardous and unpleasant wastes and mitigating the emissions of green house gasses in the atmosphere. Thus, the first aim of this work is to identify, characterize and recycle industrial wastes with high contents of calcium or sodium. This involves synthesizing materials with the ability for CO2 sequestration as preliminary work for designing industrial processes, which involve a reduction of CO2 emissions. In this regard, phosphogypsum from the fertilizer industry and liquid wastes from the green olive and bauxite industries have been considered as precursors. Following a very simple procedure, Ca-bearing phosphogypsum wastes are mixed with Na-bearing liquid wastes in order to obtain a harmless liquid phase and an active solid phase, which may act as a carbon sequestration agent. In this way, wastes, which are unable to fix CO2 by themselves, can be successfully turned into effective CO2 sinks. The CO2 sequestration efficiency and the CO2 fixation power of the procedure based on these wastes are assessed.
Identifying Priority Species and Conservation Opportunities Under Future Climate Scenarios: Amphibians in a Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Barrett Kyle , Nibbelink Nathan P. , Maerz John C.
Published: August 2014

Climate change is driving shifts in the distribution of plants and animals, and prioritizing management actions for such shifts is a necessary but technically difficult challenge. We worked with state agencies in the southeastern United States to identify high-priority amphibian species, to model the vulnerabilities of those species to regional climate change, and to identify long-term climatic refugia within the context of existing conservation lands. Directly interfacing with state natural resource experts ensured that 1) species prioritization schemes extend beyond political boundaries and 2) our models resulted in conservation-relevant applications. We used a correlative model to project midcentury distributions of suitable climate for priority species and to evaluate each species' vulnerability to climate change. Using spatially explicit projected climate distributions, we ranked existing protected areas relative to their ability to provide climatic refugia for priority species in 2050. We identified 21 species as regional high-priority species. Fifteen of the 21 species are forecast to lose more than 85% of their climatically suitable habitat. Regions in the Appalachian Mountains, the Florida Panhandle, and the north-central region of Alabama are projected to lose the most climatic habitat for priority amphibian species. We identified many existing protected areas as midcentury climatic refugia in the Appalachians; however, our projections indicated refugia in the Southeast Coastal Plain to be exceedingly scarce. Although the topographic relief present in the Appalachians appears to provide future conservation opportunities via climatic refugia, the Coastal Plain affords fewer such opportunities and conservation of amphibians in that region is likely to be more challenging. The approach outlined here could be applied across a broad range of taxa and regions.
Leading in the Era of Digital Abundance
Authors: Banerjee Kalyan Kumar , Akhilesh K. B. , Maheshvari S. Uma
Published: August 2014

Leaders grapple with the challenges of leading and working with the millennial generation in business and society. The emerging digital ecosystems emit strong signals for a transformation in leadership models and styles. Drawing on empirical and theoretical work on the movement in the generations of people, especially the workforce in the economic and social world, it is evident that new leadership models need to be explored in alignment to the digital era. This chapter attempts to evolve a framework of leadership for the digital era. The framework further has been used as an illustration through an initiative designed and implemented for mid-level leaders. The chapter strongly recommends a revisit to leadership concepts and development in the era of digital abundance.
The Role of Social Networking in Global Business Environments
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: August 2014

This chapter introduces the role of social networking in global business environments, thus explaining the overview of social networking, the significance of social networking, the challenges of social networking in global business environments, the interaction on Social Networking Sites (SNSs), and leadership impacts arising from social networking. Social networking technology can facilitate the improved organizational productivity by enhancing the communication and collaboration of employees, which aids knowledge transfer and consequently makes organizations more effective. Leaders of global businesses should provide training through general education courses and lifelong learning and provide the necessary Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills for all employees to enhance their knowledge to deal with these new technologies in the social media age. Understanding the role of social networking will significantly enhance the organizational performance and achieve business goals in global business environments.
Success Dimensions of the Online Healthcare Communities of Practice
Authors: Alali Haitham , Salim Juhana
Published: August 2014

The existing studies on online Communities of Practice (CoPs) in healthcare organizations have not adequately focused on the factors affecting KM initiative success and acceptance. Thus, establishing an evaluation framework has become essential for the advancement of research and practice in this area. In online communities of practice, the process of measuring and developing an evaluation framework has become quite complicated and challenging due to the intangible nature of the knowledge. Moreover, the lack of standards and studies, related to online CoPs measurements and evaluation frameworks, respectively, triggers the need for intensive studies in this area. In this context, this chapter reviews online CoPs success factors and identifies the gaps in our understanding. The authors classify the existing studies based on the area of evaluation, such as health and non-health domains. The chapter concludes by proposing a conceptual framework to measure the success of online CoPs in the healthcare sector.
Nurses Using Social Media and Mobile Technology for Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Mather Carey , Cummings Elizabeth
Published: August 2014

Continuing professional development is mandatory for all healthcare professionals in Australia. This chapter explores how the expectations of the regulatory and professional organisations of nursing and midwifery can be integrated within the profession by enrolled and registered nurses and midwives to meet the requirements and maintain their registrations. Using actual case studies as a basis, the chapter demonstrates how continuing professional development can be delivered as mobile or m-learning using social media or mobile technologies within this health profession. This chapter focuses on case studies from the Australian healthcare sector; however, it appears that similar issues arise in other countries and so the challenges and solutions described in the case studies can inform practice in other countries. It concludes by discussing the potential for continuing professional development m-learning into the future.
An Android Mobile-Based Environmental Health Information Source for Malaysian Context
Authors: Chung Lau Tiu , Theng Lau Bee , Seldon H. Lee
Published: August 2014

An anticipated research activity in healthcare is the involvement of populations and social media to identify health problems, including environmental ones. In this chapter, the authors propose an Android mobile-based system for collection and targeted distribution of the latest alerts and real-time environmental factors to the Malaysian population. This mobile system is designed to facilitate and encourage research into environmental health quality issues by providing a comprehensive tracking and monitoring tool correlated to social media networks. This system is embedded with Google Maps and Geocoding services to visualize the location and environmental health reports from the aggregated social media news feeds; the output is also shared across the social media networks.
The Introduction and Evaluation of Mobile Devices to Improve Access to Patient Records
Authors: Wu Jonn , Waldron John , Reid Shaina , Barnett Jeff
Published: August 2014

Prompt and efficient access to patient records is vital in providing optimal patient care. The Cancer Agency Information System (CAIS) is the primary patient record repository for the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) but is only accessible on traditional computer workstations. The BCCA clinics have significant space limitations resulting in multiple healthcare professionals sharing each workstation. Furthermore, workstations are not available in examination rooms. A novel and cost-efficient solution is necessary to improve clinician access to CAIS. This prompted the BCCA and the Provincial Health Services Authority (PHSA) Information Management Information Technology Services (IMITS) team to embark on an innovative provincial collaboration to introduce and evaluate the impact of a mobile device to improve access to CAIS. The project consisted of 2 phases with over 90 participants from multiple clinical disciplines across BCCA sites and other PHSA facilities. Phase I evaluated the adoptability, effectiveness, and costs associated with providing access to CAIS using desktop virtualization via Citrix. Citrix is a server solution that provides remote access to clients via the Web or to dummy terminals in a network. Phase II incorporated the feedback and findings from Phase I to develop a customized mobile application. Phase II also addressed privacy and security requirements and included additional users and workflows. This is explored in this chapter.
Mobile Health Technology in the US
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Tridib , Zadeh Bahman
Published: August 2014

ICT technologies like the Internet, mobile telephony, and other enabled handheld gadgets have penetrated our lives in an unprecedentedly disruptive fashion. Explosive computing and communicating power with ever-decreasing price of service over the passage of time have been the hallmark of this success. The success of these technologies has been effectively appropriated in many business processes and systems including the banking sector and the social media applications. However, in spite of having stupendous potential in the healthcare sector, especially in providing access to service for patients in rural and difficult-to-reach areas, very limited ICT appropriation has been witnessed. The authors explain the current extent of ICT penetration and seek reasons for such lackluster inclusion of ICT and mobile technology in the healthcare sector. They use the TAM model to identify the critical factors of technology adoption, and use such understandings to help readers understand the barriers of adoption of ICT and mobile technologies in the healthcare sector. The authors also provide indicative guidelines about how such barriers may be overcome, and widespread adoption and deployment of these technologies can be made possible in the healthcare sector, yielding benefits to large sections of population in the US.
Further Development of an Application Framework for Computational Chemistry (AFCC) Applied to New Drug Discovery
Authors: Tindle J. , Gray M. , Warrender R.L. , Ginty K. , Dawson P.K.D.
Published: August 2014

This chapter describes the performance of a compute cluster applied to solve Three Dimensional (3D) molecular modelling problems. The primary goal of this work is to identify new potential drugs. The chapter focuses upon the following issues: computational chemistry, computational efficiency, task scheduling, and the analysis of system performance. The philosophy of design for an Application Framework for Computational Chemistry (AFCC) is described. Eighteen months after the release of the original chapter, the authors have examined a series of changes adopted which have led to improved system performance. Various experiments have been carried out to optimise the performance of a cluster computer, the results analysed, and the statistics produced are discussed in the chapter.
Research on Letter and Word Frequency and Mathematical Modeling of Frequency Distributions in the Modern Bulgarian Language
Authors: Trifonov Tihomir , Georgieva-Trifonova Tsvetanka
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this chapter is to present current research on the modern Bulgarian language. It is one of the oldest European languages. An information system for the management of the electronic archive with texts in Bulgarian language is described. It provides the possibility for processing the collected text information. The detailed and comprehensive researches on the letter and the word frequency in the modern Bulgarian language from varied sources (fiction, scientific and popular science literature, press, legal texts, government bulletins, etc.) are performed, and the obtained results are represented. The index of coincidence of the Bulgarian language as a whole and for the individual sources is computed. The results can be utilized by different specialists – computer scientists, linguists, cryptanalysts, and others. Furthermore, with mathematical modeling, the authors found the letter and word frequency distributions and their models and they estimated their standard deviations by documents.
Nanostructures Cluster Models in Solution
Authors: Torrens Francisco , Castellano Gloria
Published: August 2014

The existence of Single-Wall C-Nanocones (SWNCs), especially nanohorns (SWNHs), and BC2N/Boron Nitride (BN) analogues in cluster form is discussed in solution in this chapter. Theories are developed based on models bundlet and droplet describing size-distribution function. The phenomena present unified explanation in bundlet in which free energy of (BC2N/BN-)SWNCs involved in cluster is combined from two parts: volume one proportional to the number of molecules n in cluster and surface one, to n1/2. Bundlet enables describing distribution function of (BC2N/BN-)SWNC clusters by size. From geometrical differences bundlet [(BC2N/BN-)SWNCs] and droplet (C60/B15C30N15/B30N30) predict dissimilar behaviours. Various disclination (BC2N/BN-)SWNCs are studied via energetic and structural analyses. Several (BC2N/BN-)SWNC's ends are studied that are different because of closing structure and arrangement type. Packing efficiencies and interaction-energy parameters of (BC2N/BN-)SWNCs/SWNHs are intermediate between C60/B15C30N15/B30N30 and (BC2N/BN-)Single-Wall C-Nanotube (SWNT) clusters: in-between behaviour is expected; however, properties of (BC2N/BN-)SWNCs, especially (BC2N/BN-)SWNHs, are calculated closer to (BC2N/BN-)SWNTs. Structural asymmetry in different (BC2N/BN-)SWNCs characterized by cone angle distinguishes properties of types: P2. BC2N/BN, especially species isoelectronic with C-analogues may be stable.
Effects of Topical Anesthetic Cream on Pain at Venipuncture in Children.
Authors: Kim Yunsoo , Park Ho Ran
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of EMLA cream on pain related to venipuncture among children.METHODS: In this study, 48 children were evaluated using a sequential measurement for level of pain by Skin Conductance Level (SCL) based on Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), heart rate, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at four times.RESULTS: The maximum and mean of the SCL were each significantly different between the experimental and control groups and furthermore, the two were also significantly different among observed times. In addition there was a significant interaction between group and time. The children's perceived pain using VAS was not significantly different between the experimental and control groups. There was no significant difference in the heart rate between the experimental and control groups; however, the interaction between group and time was significant.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, applying topical anesthetic cream to the venipuncture site to reduce pain was effective among the children and therefore it is highly recommended that topical anesthetic cream be applied at the venipuncture site as a nursing intervention to reduce pain when a child has to undergo a venipuncture.
Associated Factors in Pediatric Nurse Parent Partnership.
Authors: Choi Miyoung , Kim Jisoo
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate pediatric nurse parent partnership and factors associated with this partnership.METHODS: A survey was conducted with 158 nurses working in pediatric practice at one of 7 hospitals in Seoul, Incheon, and Chungcheongbuk Province. Data were collected from September to December 2013, and analyzed with SPSS Windows 21.0.RESULTS: In hierarchial multiple regression analysis, self-efficacy (beta=.19, p=.016), clinical decision making (beta=.15, p=.046), and empowerment (beta=.29, p=.001) were associated with pediatric nurse parent partnership, after adjusting for marital status, children, education, position and satisfaction with work unit. These factors accounted for 44.0% of the variance in the pediatric nurse parent relationship.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pediatric nurse parent partnership could be influenced by the predictors.Ultimately, intervention programs focusing on these factors should be effective in helping pediatric nurses improve partnership with parents.
Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over land surfaces from AVHRR data
Authors: Mei L. L. , Xue Y. , Kokhanovsky A. A. , von Hoyningen-Huene W. , de Leeuw G. , Burrows J. P.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) provides a global, long-term, consistent time series of radiance data in several wavebands which are used for the retrieval of surface spectral reflectance, albedo and surface temperature. Long-term time series of such data products are necessary for studies addressing climate change, sea ice distribution and movement, and ice sheet coastal configuration. AVHRR radiances have also been used to retrieve aerosol properties over ocean and land surfaces. However, the retrieval of aerosol over land is challenging because of the limited information content in the data which renders the inversion problem ill defined. Solving the radiative transfer equations requires additional information to reduce the number of unknowns. In this contribution we utilise an empirical linear relationship between the surface reflectances in the AVHRR channels at wavelengths of 3.75 μm and 2.1 μm, which has been identified in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Following the MODIS dark target approach, this relationship is used to obtain the surface reflectance at 0.64 μm. The comparison of the estimated surface reflectances with MODIS reflectance products (MOD09) shows a strong correlation. Once this was established, the MODIS "dark-target" aerosol retrieval method was adapted to AVHRR data. A simplified look-up table (LUT) method, adopted from the Bremen AErosol Retrieval (BAER) algorithm, was used in the retrieval. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) values retrieved from AVHRR with this method compare favourably with ground-based measurements, with 71.8% of the points located within ±(0.1 + 0.15τ) (τ is the AOD) of the identity line. This method can be easily applied to other satellite instruments which do not have a 2.1 μm channel, such as those currently planned to be used on geostationary satellites.
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in native Leymus chinensis grasslands along a 1000 km longitudinal transect in northeast China
Authors: Ma L. , Guo C. , Yuan S. , Wang R.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The unprecedented variations in global precipitation regime could profoundly impact terrestrial ecosystem structure and function, with consequent feedback to climatic change. However, little is known about complexity in precipitation effects on grassland ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) processes at regional scales. We investigated the patterns of shoot and root biomass, litter mass, soil C and N content, microbial community composition and C and N mineralization at 18 sites along a 1000 km precipitation gradient in native Leymus chinensis grasslands of northeastern China. The results show that, with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP), the biomass of total plant, shoot and litter gradually increased while root biomass remained nearly constant along the gradient. Surprisingly, both soil C and N mineralization rates showed quadratic relationships with MAP, likely due to the relative changes in temperature, soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biomass and N availability. Although soil total C and N content presented sustained increases with water availability, heavy fractions of C and N content reached stable and saturated phases in mesic sites. Overall, ecosystem C and N sequestration enhanced with water availability in terms of C and N storage in shoot, root, litter, and soil along the precipitation gradient. It was concluded from the current study that regional precipitation regime and the indirect effects of precipitation on changes in soil properties and microbial communities would strongly influence on ecosystem C and N dynamics. The temperate grasslands of northeastern China could be utilized as significant ecosystem C and N sinks in the context of mitigating climate change.
Early Paleogene variations in the calcite compensation depth: new constraints using old boreholes across Ninetyeast Ridge in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Slotnick B. S. , Lauretano V. , Backman J. , Dickens G. R. , Sluijs A. , Lourens L.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Major variations in global carbon cycling occurred between 62 and 48 Ma. To better constrain the cause and magnitude of these changes, the community needs early Paleogene carbon isotope and carbonate accumulation records from widely separated deep-sea sediment sections, especially including the Indian Ocean. With the potential for renewed scientific drilling in the Indian Ocean, we examine lithologic, nannofossil assemblage, carbon isotope, and carbonate content records for late Paleocene – early Eocene sediment recovered at three existing sites spanning Ninetyeast Ridge: Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Sites 213 (deep, east), 214 (shallow, central), and 215 (deep, west). The sediment sections are not ideal, because they were recovered in single holes using rotary coring methods. Site 214 was very shallow during the late Paleocene, when it received significant amounts of neritic carbonate. The δ13C records at Sites 213 and 215 are similar to those generated at several locations in the Atlantic and Pacific. The prominent high in δ13C across the Paleocene carbon isotope maximum (PCIM) occurs at Site 215, and the prominent low in δ13C across the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) occurs at both Site 213 and Site 215. The Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and the K/X event are found at Site 213 but not at Site 215, presumably because of coring gaps. Carbonate content at both Sites 213 and 215 drops to < 5% shortly after the first occurrence of Discoaster lodoensis and the early Eocene rise in δ13C (~ 52 Ma). This reflects a rapid shoaling of the calcite compensation depth (CCD), and likely a major decrease in the net flux of 13C-depleted carbon to the ocean. Our work further constrains knowledge of the early Paleogene CCD, but more importantly suggests that excellent early Paleogene carbonate accumulation records might be recovered from the central Indian Ocean with future scientific drilling.
Multi-site evaluation of the JULES land surface model using global and local data
Authors: Slevin D. , Tett S. F. B. , Williams M.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapour change the energy balance of the atmosphere and thus climate. One important influence on these greenhouse gases is the land surface. Land Surface Models (LSMs) represent the interaction between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere in Global Climate Models (GCMs). As LSMs become more advanced, there is a need to test their accuracy. Uncertainty from LSMs contributes towards uncertainty in carbon cycle simulations and thus uncertainty in future climate change. In this study, we evaluate the ability of the JULES LSM to simulate photosynthesis using local and global datasets at 12 FLUXNET sites. Model parameters include site-specific (local) values for each flux tower site and the default parameters used in the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM) climate model. Firstly, we compare Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) estimates from driving JULES with data derived from local site measurements with driving JULES with data derived from global parameter and atmospheric reanalysis (on scales of 100 km or so). We find that when using local data, a negative bias is introduced into model simulations with yearly GPP underestimated by 16% on average compared to observations while when using global data, model performance decreases further with yearly GPP underestimated by 30% on average. Secondly, we drive the model using global meteorological data and local parameters and find that global data can be used in place of FLUXNET data with only a 7% reduction in total annual simulated GPP. Thirdly, we compare the global meteorological datasets, WFDEI and PRINCETON, to local data and find that the WATCH dataset more closely matches the local meteorological measurements (FLUXNET). Finally, we compare the results from forcing JULES with the remote sensing product MODIS Leaf Area Index (LAI). JULES was modified to accept MODIS LAI at daily timesteps. We show that forcing the model with daily satellite LAI results in only small improvements in predicted GPP at a small number of sites compared to using the default phenology model.
Temporal dynamics of ikaite in experimental sea ice
Authors: Rysgaard S. , Wang F. , Galley R. J. , Grimm R. , Notz D. , Lemes M. , Geilfus N.-X. , Chaulk A. , Hare A. A. , Crabeck O. , Else B. G. T. , Campbell K. , Sørensen L. L. , Sievers J. , Papakyriakou T.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Ikaite (CaCO3 · 6H2O) is a metastable phase of calcium carbonate that normally forms in a cold environment and/or under high pressure. Recently, ikaite crystals have been found in sea ice, and it has been suggested that their precipitation may play an important role in air–sea CO2 exchange in ice-covered seas. Little is known, however, of the spatial and temporal dynamics of ikaite in sea ice. Here we present evidence for highly dynamic ikaite precipitation and dissolution in sea ice grown at an outdoor pool of the Sea-ice Environmental Research Facility (SERF) in Manitoba, Canada. During the experiment, ikaite precipitated in sea ice when temperatures were below −4 °C, creating three distinct zones of ikaite concentrations: (1) a millimeter-to-centimeter-thin surface layer containing frost flowers and brine skim with bulk ikaite concentrations of >2000 μmol kg−1, (2) an internal layer with ikaite concentrations of 200–400 μmol kg−1, and (3) a bottom layer with ikaite concentrations of <100 μmol kg−1. Snowfall events caused the sea ice to warm and ikaite crystals to dissolve. Manual removal of the snow cover allowed the sea ice to cool and brine salinities to increase, resulting in rapid ikaite precipitation. The observed ikaite concentrations were on the same order of magnitude as modeled by FREZCHEM, which further supports the notion that ikaite concentration in sea ice increases with decreasing temperature. Thus, varying snow conditions may play a key role in ikaite precipitation and dissolution in sea ice. This could have a major implication for CO2 exchange with the atmosphere and ocean that has not been accounted for previously.
Satisfaction with surgical correction of stress urinary incontinence in women: A pilot study in Almaty, Kazakhstan
Authors: Mukhtarova Sayara M. , Omarova Gulzhahan K. , Yoldasheva Aynura I.
Published: August 2014

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Front Matter
Authors: Sypolt Daniel
Published: August 2014

N/A
On a Common Road Towards Sustainable Biofuels? EU and U.S. Approaches to Regulating Biofuels
Authors: Jansson Max S. , Kalimo Harri
Published: August 2014

N/A
COMUNICAÇÃO E EDUCAÇÃO: ALÉM DE FORMA E CONTEÚDO
Authors: Mendes de Barros Laan
Published: August 2014

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Lula, do sindicalismo à reeleição – um caso de comunicação política e discurso.
Authors: Gandin Lucas , L. Bubniak Taiana
Published: August 2014

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CIDADÃOS CONECTADOS: A REVOLUÇÃO DAS VOZES ALTERNATIVAS
Authors: GALANTE Cláudia , GUARESCHI Pedrinho
Published: August 2014

As tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) tornaram possível o aparecimento de um ambiente interativo, cooperativo e descentralizado. O uso dessas ferramentas pela sociedade civil traz profundas transformações para a ação coletiva contemporânea, e assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir como, e até que ponto, essa realidade possibilitará a participação dos cidadãos nos processos democráticos. Para tanto, o trabalho apresenta dois estudos de caso: “Rua Gonçalo de Carvalho” e “Pontal do Estaleiro” e demonstram que as TICs podem ser pensadas como um “ciberespaço público”, sem, no entanto, atribuir a sua mera existência a promessa de uma sociedade mais democrática.
NÚCLEO DE ECOJORNALISTAS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: 21 ANOS PELA QUALIFICAÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: LOOSE Eloísa Beling
Published: August 2014

A resenha traça a trajetória do Núcleo de Ecojornalistas do Rio Grande do Sul (NEJ-RS) nos seus 21 anos de trabalho pela qualificação da cobertura ambiental, a fim de mostrar a relevância do grupo para a formação de jornalistas ambientais. Esta organização não governamental (ONG) é pioneira no Brasil no desenvolvimento de atividades que ajudem os produtores da informação jornalística a se sentirem mais preparados na construção de notícias sobre meio ambiente e expandir informações que, às vezes, são omitidas pelos veículos de comunicação de massa.
QUALITY OF PLYWOODS OBTAINED FROM Melia azedarach COMBINED WITH Pinus taeda, PRODUCED WITH UREA-FORMALDEHYDE AND PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS
Authors: Iwakiri Setsuo , Trianoski Rosilani , Castro Vinicius Gomes , Parchen Carlos Frederico Alice , Araújo Roberto Daniel
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study was developed to evaluate the quality of plywood produced from Melia azedarach in combination with Pinus taeda, glued with urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF). Panels were produced using five veneers of Melia azedarach only, five veneers of Pinus taeda and also with faces made of Melia azedarach and core with Pinus taeda. The panels were evaluated by glue line shear tests and by static bending in parallel and perpendicular directions. The higher contents of extractives in Melia azedarach wood did not reduce the glue line shear strength between the layers. For both UF and PF glues, panels produced with veneers of Melia azedarach showed better results on static bending and glue line shear tests. The results indicate great potential of Melia azedarach wood in plywood production, both for internal use (UF), and for external use (PF).Keywords: Cinamomo; wood veneer; glue line. ResumoQualidade de painéis compensados de Melia azedarach em combinação com Pinus taeda produzidos com resina uréia-formaldeído e fenol-formaldeído. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de painéis compensados de Melia azedarach em combinação com Pinus taeda, produzidos com resina ureia-formaldeído (UF) e fenol-formaldeído (FF). Foram produzidos painéis com todas as cinco lâminas de Melia azedarach e de Pinus taeda, e capas de Melia azedarach e miolo de Pinus taeda. Os painéis foram avaliados por meio de ensaios de cisalhamento da linha de cola e flexão estática paralela e perpendicular. Maiores teores de extrativos presentes na madeira de Melia azedarach não prejudicaram a resistência da linha de cola entre as lâminas. Tanto para a colagem uréica, quanto para a fenólica, os painéis produzidos com lâminas de Melia azedarach apresentaram melhores resultados nos ensaios de flexão estática e de cisalhamento da linha de cola. Os resultados obtidos indicam grande potencial da madeira de Melia azedarach para produção de painéis compensados, tanto para uso interior (UF), quanto para uso exterior (FF).Palavras-chave: Cinamomo; lâminas de madeira; linha de cola.
MORFOLOGIA DE FRUTOS, SEMENTES E PLÂNTULAS DE Jatropha curcas
Authors: Pimenta Alex Caetano , Zuffellato-Ribas Katia Christina , Laviola Bruno Galvêas
Published: August 2014

Neste trabalho objetivou-se gerar informações referentes à morfologia de frutos, de sementes e de plântulas de Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) que auxiliem na identificação da espécie e na compreensão do seu processo germinativo e início do seu ciclo biológico. Foram determinados o grau de umidade e o peso de mil sementes, sendo utilizados para descrição e ilustração 50 frutos e 50 sementes. Para descrição e ilustração da plântula, foram colocadas para germinar 120 sementes. O grau de umidade das sementes de Jatropha curcas utilizadas nesse trabalho foi de 7,0% e o peso de mil sementes igual a 663,9 g. Os frutos são secos, simples, deiscentes, esquizocarpáceos, medem em média 2,82±0,18 cm de comprimento e 2,15±0,12 cm de diâmetro e contêm sempre três sementes. As sementes têm 1,75±0,06 cm de comprimento, 1,09±0,05 cm de largura e 0,87±0,05 cm de espessura, em média, e possuem forma ovoide, coloração preta com estrias amareladas, endosperma e embrião espatulado com cotilédones membranáceos e ovoides arredondados. A germinação se iniciou entre três e quatro dias, encerrando-se aos onze dias após a semeadura no substrato vermiculita, com 90% de plântulas normais e de desenvolvimento epígeo e fanerocotiledonar.Palavras-chave: Biocombustível; Euphorbiaceae; pinhão-manso. AbstractMorphology of fruits, seeds and seedlings of Jatropha curcas. This research aims to generate information on morphology of the Jatropha curcas L. - Euphorbiaceae fruits, seeds and seedlings, in order to assist the species identification, as well as to understand its germination process and beginning of its biologic cycle. We determined weight and relative humidity of one thousand seeds, while 50 fruits and 50 seeds were used for description and illustration. For seedling description and illustration, we put 120 seeds in germination. The humidity level of  Jatropha curcas seeds used in this work was 7,0% and the weight of one thousand seeds was 663,9 g. Fruits are dry, simple, characterized by dehiscence, schizocarpic, averaging 2,82±0,18 cm in length and 2,15±0,12 cm in diameter, always containing three seeds. Seeds average dimension is 1,75±0,06 cm in length, 1,09±0,05 cm in width and 0,87±0,05 cm in thickness, they have ovoid shape, black color with yellowish stripes, spoon shaped embryo with membranous rounded ovoid cotyledons. Germination began within three and four days and ended eleven days after sowing in vermiculite substrate, with 90% of seedlings presenting normal epigeous and fanerocotiledonar development.Keywords: Biofuel; Euphorbiaceae; Jatropha curcas.
AN INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH APPLIED TO THE CERRADO (SAVANNA) MANAGEMENT
Authors: Haddad Henrique Moreira Dabien , Gomide Lucas Rezende , Cruz Bruno Rogério , Da Silva Sérgio Teixeira
Published: August 2014

AbstractCerrado presents great potential for the use of its resources, whether timber or non-timber, as fruits, firewood and charcoal. Thus, this study aimed to test the use of forest regulation model type I in a remnant of cerrado, applying the integer linear programming. The studied area was a remnant of cerrado sensu stricto located in São Romão – MG. The type of forest management carried out was the strip cutting. with post regeneration conduction. The model type I was applied generating 8 scenarios considering 14 years of planning horizon. The tested scenarios considered the area control, volume control and also both controls in the same model, where the objective function was to maximize the present value of revenues (PVR). After data processing it was observed that scenario 5 was the best, because it obtained the lowest amplitude variation (425 – 575 ha/year) and volume (18.000 – 21.000 m3/year) of the exploited surface limits, presenting a PVR of R$4,004,561.58. It is possible to conclude that the developed models were able to regulate the volumetric yield in constant flows over the planning horizon, representing a promising alternative for the sustainable planning of the wood resources of the cerrado.Keywords: Mathematical programming; forest regulation; forest management. ResumoUma abordagem aplicada da programação linear inteira no manejo do cerrado. O cerrado apresenta um grande potencial de uso de seus recursos, sejam eles madeireiros ou não madeireiros, como frutos, lenha e carvão vegetal. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo testar o uso do modelo tipo I de regulação florestal em um remanescente de cerrado utilizando a programação linear inteira. A área de estudo foi um remanescente de cerrado sensu stricto localizado em São Romão – MG. O regime de manejo elaborado foi o corte em faixas com posterior condução da regeneração. O modelo tipo I foi aplicado gerando 8 cenários em um horizonte de planejamento de 14 anos. Os cenários testados consideraram o controle por área, por volume, bem como ambos no mesmo modelo, sendo a função objetivo o valor presente das receitas (VPR) a ser maximizado. Após o processamento dos modelos observou-se que o cenário 5 foi o melhor, possuindo limites de área explorada (425 – 575 ha/ano) e volumétricos (18.000 – 21.000 m3/ano) com menor variação de amplitude, apresentando R$4.004.561,58 de VPR. Pôde-se concluir que os modelos formulados foram capazes de regular a produção volumétrica em fluxos constantes ao longo do horizonte de planejamento, em sua grande maioria, constituindo-se de uma alternativa promissora ao planejamento sustentável dos recursos madeireiros do cerrado.Palavras-chave: Programação matemática; regulação florestal; manejo florestal.
INVASÃO BIOLÓGICA DE Pinus elliottii VAR. elliottii NO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO RIO VERMELHO, FLORIANÓPOLIS, SC
Authors: Bechara Fernando Campanhã , Reis Ademir , Trentin Bruna Elisa
Published: August 2014

A invasão biológica é conceituada como o processo de introdução e adaptação de espécies exóticas nos ecossistemas naturais, as quais se tornam invasoras, causando alterações ecológicas. Espécies com alta capacidade invasora, como Pinus elliottii, tendem a inibir a sucessão ecológica. Em 1962, foi criada a Estação Florestal do Rio Vermelho, no município de Florianópolis, SC, onde foram testadas 25 espécies de Pinus spp. em 500 ha de restinga. Após 40 anos de plantio, aproximadamente 250 ha de dunas e restingas adjacentes aos plantios foram contaminadas por Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. Para a avaliação da capacidade invasora, foram amostrados o banco e chuva de sementes em três ambientes: i) interior de talhão de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii; ii) bordadura do mesmo talhão de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii; e iii) restinga arbórea conservada. No banco de sementes não foi observada emergência de plântulas de Pinus spp., sugerindo que suas sementes não permaneçam viáveis no solo. Já a chuva de sementes durante o ano foi contínua, dispersando cerca de dois milhões de sementes viáveis.ha-1.ano-1. Se por um lado a inexistência de sementes de Pinus spp. no banco pode parecer uma vantagem, a chuva de sementes contínua representa uma ameaça constante para a reinfestação dessa espécie na área.Palavras-chave: Banco de sementes; chuva de sementes; restauração ecológica. AbstractBiological invasion of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii in Rio Vermelho State Park, Florianópolis, SC. Biological invasion is defined as the process of introduction and adaptation of non-native species into natural ecosystems which become invasive and cause ecological changes. Species with high invasive capacity, such as Pinus elliottii, tend to inhibit ecological succession. In 1962 the Forestry Station of Rio Vermelho in Florianópolis-SC was created, and  25 species of pine tested in 500 ha of dunes. After 40 years, approximately 250 ha of dunes and restingas, adjacent to the plantations were invaded by Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. In order to evaluate its invasive capacity, the seed bank and seed rain were sampled in three habitat types: i) inner stand of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii ii) stand border; and iii) preserved mature restinga with tree covering. Seedling emergence of pines was not observed in the seed bank, suggesting that the seeds do not remain viable in the soil. The seed rain was continuous throughout the year, generating about two million viable seeds.ha-1.year-1. If the lack of a seed bank may seem an advantage, the continuous seed rain represents a constant threat to the re-infestation of the species in the park.Keywords: Seed bank; seed rain; ecological restoration, invasive pines.
VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE CARVÃO VEGETAL EM DOIS SISTEMAS PRODUTIVOS
Authors: Oliveira Aylson Costa , Salles Thiago Taglialegna , Pereira Bárbara Luísa Corradi , Carneiro Angélica De Cássia Oliveira , Braga Camila Soares , Santos Rosemeire Cristina
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da produção de carvão vegetal em dois sistemas produtivos: oito fornos de superfície acoplados a uma fornalha para queima de gases e dez fornos do tipo “rabo-quente” sem sistema de queima de gases. Para análise econômica, definiu-se uma produção anual média igual a 1.571 metros cúbicos de carvão (mdc) e horizonte de planejamento de 12 anos, sendo propostos 2 cenários. No primeiro cenário, após a colheita da madeira, realiza-se o plantio de uma nova floresta, permanecendo o custo da madeira constante em todo o planejamento; no segundo cenário, após a colheita, considerou-se a condução da brotação, reduzindo os custos na 2ª rotação e consequentemente os custos da madeira. A análise econômica foi realizada através da determinação dos seguintes indicadores: Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Valor Anual Equivalente (VAE), Razão Benefício/Custo (B/C) e Lucratividade. Os indicadores calculados demonstraram a viabilidade dos dois sistemas produtivos avaliados em ambos os cenários propostos, porém o sistema fornos-fornalha apresentou melhores valores para os indicadores. Conclui-se que a produção de carvão vegetal nos sistemas avaliados foram viáveis economicamente, com o sistema fornos-fornalha gerando maior lucro ao produtor de carvão.Palavras-chave: Fornos de alvenaria; análise determinística; valor presente líquido. Abstract Economic viability of charcoal production in two production systems. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic viability of charcoal production in two conversion technologies: eight surface kilns coupled to a furnace for burning gases (kilns-furnace system) and ten "rabo-quente" or traditional charcoal kilns without burning gases system. An average annual production of 1571 cubic meters of charcoal (mdc) was used to perform the economic analysis. A planning horizon of 12 years and two scenarios were proposed. In the first scenario, after harvesting the wood, the planting of a new forest was performed, and the cost of wood remained constant throughout the planning horizon. In the second scenario, after the harvest, the conduction of shooting was considered, which reduced costs in the second rotation and consequently the cost of wood. The economic analysis was performed by determining the following indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Annual Value (EAV) and Benefit - Cost Reason (B/C). Calculated indicators demonstrated the viability of producing charcoal in the two production systems in both scenarios proposed, but kilns-furnace system presented better values. As conclusion, production of charcoal in the evaluated systems were economically viable. Kilns-furnace system was able to generate more profit to charcoal producer.Keywords: Kilns; deterministic analysis; net present value.
USO DE GEOTECNOLOGIAS NA LOCAÇÃO ESPACIAL DE TORRES PARA DETECÇÃO DE INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS NO SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO
Authors: Vicente de Assis Fellipe Ragner , Mendonça Izaque Francisco Candeia de , Silva José Evanaldo Rangel da , Lima Joedla Rodrigues de
Published: August 2014

A possibilidade de manipular um grande volume de informações faz do SIG uma ótima ferramenta para análises ambientais. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar locais ideais para implantação de torres de vigilância de incêndios florestais, avaliar a potencialidade do SIG utilizado e testar a eficiência da metodologia proposta em áreas de caatinga. O estudo foi realizado na microbacia do rio do Saco, Santa Luzia, PB, Brasil. Foram gerados mapas de declividade, uso da terra, orientação das encostas, altimetria, temperatura, precipitação e risco potencial de incêndios, sendo correlacionados com as cotas de maior altitude e a proximidade de estradas para alocação das torres. Os resultados mostraram que5863,1 ha(61,6%) da área possuem elevado risco de incêndio. A torre 1 (T1) proporcionou a maior visualização (41,2%) das áreas de alto a extremo risco. Já a combinação de T1 + T5 proporcionou a maior visualização da área (74,9%). Para o uso de uma torre, foi indicada a instalação de T1; para combinação entre torres, a melhor associação foi T1 + T5. A metodologia se mostrou aplicável em outras áreas com características fisiográficas semelhantes. As rotinas do Sistema de Informações Geográficas Idrisi (SIG Idrisi) foram capazes de atender satisfatoriamente aos procedimentos metodológicos utilizados.Palavras-chave: Bacia hidrográfica; geoprocessamento; risco de incêndio. AbstractUse of geotechnology for towers placement in order to detect forest fires in northeastern Semiarid. The ability to handle a large volume of information makes GIS a great tool for environmental analysis. This research aims to identify ideal sites for installation of watchtowers forest fires, in order to evaluate the potential of SIG as well as to test efficiency of the proposed methodology in areas of Caatinga. The study was conducted in the watershed of the Saco River, Santa Luzia - PB, Brazil. We generated maps of slope, land use, orientation of slopes, altitude, temperature, precipitation and potential risk of fire, correlated with the dimensions of higher altitude and proximity of roads to towers installation. The results revealed that 5863.1 ha (61.6%) of  the area is at high fire risk. Tower 1 (T1) presented the better visualization (41.2%) of areas of high to extreme risk. The combination of T1 + T5 had as result better visualization of the area (74.9%). For the use of one only tower, it was indicated T1, in relation to combination the best one was the association of T1 + T5. The methodology proved its applicability in other areas with similar physiographic characteristics. Geographic Information System Idrisi (SIG Idrisi) routines were able to meet satisfactorily the methodological procedures.Keywords: Watershed; geoprocessing; risk of fire.