bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heavy hitters via cluster-preserving clustering
Authors: Larsen Kasper Green , Nelson Jelani , Nguyễn Huy L. , Thorup Mikkel
Published: July 2019

We develop a new algorithm for the turnstile heavy hitters problem in general turnstile streams, the EXPANDERSKETCH, which finds the approximate top-
k
items in a universe of size
n
using the same asymptotic
O
(
k
log
n
) words of memory and
O
(log
n
) update time as the COUNTMIN and COUNTSKETCH, but requiring only
O
(
k poly
(log
n
)) time to answer queries instead of the
O
(
n
log
n
) time of the other two. The notion of "approximation" is the same
l
2
sense as the COUNTSKETCH, which given known lower bounds is the strongest guarantee one can achieve in sublinear memory.

Our main innovation is an efficient reduction from the heavy hitters problem to a clustering problem in which each heavy hitter is encoded as some form of noisy spectral cluster in a graph, and the goal is to identify every cluster. Since every heavy hitter must be found, correctness requires that every cluster be found. We thus need a "cluster-preserving clustering" algorithm that partitions the graph into pieces while finding every cluster. To do this we first apply standard spectral graph partitioning, and then we use some novel local search techniques to modify the cuts obtained so as to make sure that the original clusters are sufficiently preserved. Our clustering algorithm may be of broader interest beyond heavy hitters and streaming algorithms.
Cutting the wait for CS advice
Authors: Guzdial Mark
Published: July 2019

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM

http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm

Mark Guzdial suggests ways to cut the long lines for college students seeking to meet with their computer science advisors.
The algorithm that changed quantum machine learning
Authors: Greengard Samuel
Published: July 2019

A college student discovered a classical computing algorithm that experts overlooked. It promises to change both classical and quantum machine learning.
Faster Carry Bit Computation for Adder Circuits with Prescribed Arrival Times
Authors: Brenner Ulrich , Hermann Anna
Published: July 2019

We consider the fundamental problem of constructing fast circuits for the carry bit computation in binary addition. Up to a small additive constant, the carry bit computation reduces to computing an A
nd
-O
r
path, i.e., a formula of type
t
0
∧ (
t
1
∨ (
t
2
∧ (…
t

m
−1

) …) or
t
0
∨ (
t
1
∧ (
t
2
∨ (…
t

m
−1

) …). We present an algorithm that computes the fastest known Boolean circuit for an A
nd
-O
r
path  with given arrival times
a
(
t
0
), …,
a
(
t

m
−1

) for the input signals. Our objective function is delay, a natural generalization of depth with respect to arrival times. The maximum delay of the circuit we compute is log
2
W
+ log
2
log
2
m
+ log
2
log
2
log
2
m
+ 4.3, where
W
:= ∑

i
= 0

m
−1

2

a
(
t

i

)

. Note that ⌈ log
2
W
⌉ is a lower bound on the delay of any circuit depending on inputs
t
0
, …,
t

m
−1

with prescribed arrival times. Our method yields the fastest circuits for A
nd
-O
r
paths, carry bit computation, and adders in terms of delay known so far.
Standards for Hardware Security
Authors: Guin Ujjwal , Asadizanjani Navid , Tehranipoor Mark
Published: July 2019

Due to the globalization of design, manufacturing and distribution of integrated circuits (ICs), hardware underlying information systems have become increasingly vulnerable to a number of malicious attacks, primarily counterfeiting of ICs and piracy of intellectual properties (IPs). To ensure the security of our critical infrastructure, the use of trusted hardware is absolutely necessary. There are a handful of standards, either currently available today or in progress, that provide guidance to undertake hardware security issues. This article focuses on the standardization activity in the domain of hardware security.
Aortic diastolic pressure decay modulates relation between worsened aortic stiffness and myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance after resistance exercise
Authors: Tagawa Kaname , Takahashi Akari , Yokota Atsumu , Sato Tomohito , Maeda Seiji
Published: July 2019

High-intensity resistance exercise (RE) increases aortic stiffness and decreases the index of myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance (Buckberg index, BI); there is a correlation between the changes in these parameters. Central hemodynamics during diastole can explain the correlation. We aimed to investigate whether the aortic diastolic decay index mediates the association between changes in aortic stiffness and BI by high-intensity RE. We evaluated the effect of high-intensity RE on aortic stiffness, BI, aortic decay index, and their associations in 52 young men. Subjects were studied under parallel experimental conditions on two separate days. The order of experiments was randomized between RE (5 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1-repetition maximum) and sham control (seated rest). Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV; index of aortic stiffness), BI, and aortic decay index were measured in all subjects. Aortic decay index was quantified by fitting an exponential curve: P( t) = P0e−λ t (where λ is decay index, P0 is end-systolic pressure and t is time from end-systole). Aortic PWV and decay index increased and BI decreased after RE. RE conditions showed that change in the aortic decay index was associated with changes in aortic PWV and changes in aortic PWV were related to changes in BI, although the PWV-BI relationship was not significant after accounting for decay index change. Mediation analysis revealed the mediating effect of the aortic decay index on the relationship between changes in aortic PWV and BI. The present findings suggest that high-intensity RE-induced aortic stiffening worsens myocardial viability by accelerating aortic diastolic exponential decay.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and diastolic decay index increased and Buckberg index (BI) decreased after resistance exercise (RE). Mediation analysis revealed a mediating effect of aortic decay index on the relationship between changes in aortic PWV and BI. The present study provides evidence that high-intensity RE-induced aortic stiffening accelerates aortic decay and aortic decay can account for the relationship between aortic stiffening and a deteriorated surrogate marker of myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance induced by high-intensity RE.
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder: A Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Girouard Eugénie , Savoie Isabelle , Witkowski Ludivine Chamard
Published: July 2019

Functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of neurological symptoms in the absence of any neurological abnormality that can be linked to a known pathology. Few studies have taken interest in this subject probably because of the heterogeneity of results. It is most often a diagnosis of exclusion which often means that patients undergo many tests and find themselves erring for a diagnosis with very little satisfaction of the outcomes. A reliable imagery pattern would therefore provide some relief and confirmation for both patients and clinicians. It could also facilitate acceptation of the diagnosis and reduce the societal cost associated with FNSD for the patient. The aim of this present study was to describe a clinicoradiological correspondence algorithm of FNSD using the PET scan and SPECT scan (PoSPs) and grant the clinician with a reliable tool to facilitate the diagnosis of FNSD. A systematic review according to the 2009 PRISMA criteria statement was used to guide the review. Our study included 3 of our own consenting patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition criteria as well as 25 other patients from 7 different studies. Our results showed a hypoactivation with poor clinicoradiological correspondence and poor stability in time. This hypoactivation was mostly in the frontal lobe, which could explain some behavioral alterations. These findings oppose the ones found in organic pathologies and therefore should orient towards FNSD. In the light of these findings, we recommend the clinicians to perform two PoSPs, searching for clinicoradiological lack of correspondence and time stability using our algorithm.
Technical Verification and Assessment of Independent Validation of Biomarker Models for Endometriosis
Authors: O Dorien F. , Fassbender Amelie , Van Bree Rita , Laenen Annouschka , Peterse Daniëlle P. , Vanhie Arne , Waelkens Etienne , D’Hooghe Thomas M.
Published: July 2019

There is a great need for a noninvasive diagnosis for endometriosis. Several biomarkers and biomarker panels have been proposed. Biomarker models consisting of CA-125, VEGF, Annexin V, and glycodelin/sICAM-1 were previously developed by our group. The objective of our current study was to assess the impact of technical and biological variability on the performance of those previously developed prediction models in a technical verification and a validation setting. The technical verification cohort consisted of peripheral blood plasma samples from a subset of the patients included in the original study of Vodolazkaia et al. (99 women with and 37 women without endometriosis). The validation study was done in plasma samples of an independent patient cohort (170 women with and 86 women without endometriosis). Single immunoassays were used for CA-125, VEGF-A, sICAM-1, Annexin V, and glycodelin. Statistical analyses were done using univariate and multivariate (logistic regression) approaches. The previously reported prediction models for endometriosis had a low performance in both the technical verification and validation setting. New prediction models were developed, which included CA-125, Annexin V, and sICAM-1, but CA-125 was the only marker that was retained in the models across the technical verification and validation study. Overall, successful validation of a biomarker model depends on several factors such as patient selection, collection methods, assay selection/handling, stability of the marker, and statistical analysis and interpretation. There is a need for standardized studies in large, well-defined patient cohorts with robust assay methodologies.
Chondro-Osseous Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (COREAH): Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Daniel Andrew , Wong Eugene , Ho Joyce , Singh Narinder
Published: July 2019

Chondro-osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (COREAH) is an extremely rare lesion of the nasal cavity with only 11 reported cases in the literature. COREAH is of interest as it may be easily mistaken for other diseases of the nasal cavity with higher morbidity, which require significantly different management strategies. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the oldest documented case of COREAH in the literature: an 83-year-old female who presented with headaches and was found to have a posterior nasal septal lesion. Uniquely, the patient had sequential scans performed 1 year apart demonstrating only minor interval growth. We describe our experience in managing a patient with COREAH and review the world literature, to better define aspects of the history, presentation, and investigations that may allow differentiation from more sinister disease.
Chromosome 3p Inverted Duplication with Terminal Deletion: Second Postnatal Case Report with Additional Clinical Features
Authors: Riley Jacquelyn D. , Stefaniuk Catherine M. , Erenberg Francine , Erwin Angelika L. , Palange Lauren , Astbury Caroline
Published: July 2019

Distal deletions and duplications of 3p are individually well-characterized chromosome abnormalities. Here, we report an inverted duplication of 3p with an adjacent terminal 3p deletion in a 17-month-old girl who had prenatal intrauterine growth restriction and cardiac defects. Other findings included hemangiomas, neutropenia, umbilical hernia, hypotonia, gross motor delay, microcephaly, and ptosis. Family history was noncontributory. Microarray analysis revealed a 5.37 Mb deletion of chromosome bands 3p26.1 to 3p26.3 and a 13.68 Mb duplication of 3p24.3 to 3p26.1. FISH analysis confirmed that the duplication was inverted. Upon literature review, only one postnatal patient and one second trimester pregnancy have been reported with this finding. Many of our patient’s features are present in both 3p deletion and 3p duplication syndromes, including congenital heart disease, growth restriction, microcephaly, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Our patient has additional features not commonly reported in 3p deletion or duplication patients, such as aortic dilation, hemangiomas, and neutropenia. The identification of this patient contributes to additional understanding of features associated with concurrent deletion and inverted duplication in the distal 3p chromosome. This report may assist clinicians working with patients who have constellations of similar features or similar cytogenomic abnormalities.
A Rare Case of Sudden Death in a Patient with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Secondary to Cardiac Rupture
Authors: Dalia Tarun , Amr Bashar S. , Agrawal Ankit , Gautam Archana , Sethapati Venkata Rakesh , Kvapil Jared
Published: July 2019

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM), also known as broken heart syndrome or stress-induced cardiomyopathy, is a rare condition with an estimated incidence of 0.02% of all hospitalizations in United States and 2% of all acute coronary syndrome presentations. TCM predominately presents as a transient wall motion abnormality of the left ventricular apex due to emotional or physical stress. Cardiac rupture in the setting of TCM is an extremely rare phenomenon with limited published case reports. We present a case of a 75-year-old female who had cardiac rupture secondary to TCM and performed a literature review using Ovid MEDLINE for published cases showing this association. After the literature review, we found 20 cases showing this association, which are listed in a tabular fashion.
Dynamic Analysis of Cracked Plate Subjected to Moving Oscillator by Finite Element Method
Authors: Chung Nguyen Thai , Hong Nguyen Thi , Thuy Le Xuan
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the finite element algorithm and results of dynamical analysis of cracked plate subjected to moving oscillator with a constant velocity and any motion orbit. There are many surveys considering the dynamic response of the plate when there is a change in number of cracks and the stiffness of the spring k. The numerical survey results show that the effect of cracks on the plate′s vibration is significant. The results of this article can be used as a reference for calculating and designing traffic structures such as road surface and bridge surface panels.
Application of the Spectral Element Method in a Surface Ship Far‐Field UNDEX Problem
Authors: Lu Zhaokuan , Brown Alan
Published: July 2019

The prediction of surface ship response to a far‐field underwater explosion (UNDEX) requires the simulation of shock wave propagation in the fluid, cavitation, fluid‐structure interaction, and structural response. Effective approaches to model the fluid include cavitating acoustic finite element (CAFE) and cavitating acoustic spectral element (CASE) methods. Although the spectral element method offers the potential for greater accuracy at lower computational cost, it also generates more spurious oscillations around discontinuities which are difficult to avoid in shock‐related problems. Thus, the advantage of CASE remains unproven. In this paper, we present a 3D‐partitioned FSI framework and investigate the application of CAFE and CASE to a surface ship early‐time far‐field UNDEX problem to determine which method has the best computational efficiency for this problem. We also associate the accuracy of the structural response with the modeling of cavitation distribution. A further contribution of this work is the examination of different nonmatching mesh information exchange schemes to demonstrate how they affect the structural response and improve the CAFE/CASE methodologies.
Left Lateral Cervical Mass with Draining Sinuses
Authors: Michaelides Stylianos A. , Bablekos George D. , Michailidis Avgerinos-Romanos , Gkioxari Efthalia , Vgenopoulou Stephanie , Chorti Maria
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study is to describe an uncommon case of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TL) in a symptomless 89-year-old male smoker patient, who presented at the emergency department of our hospital with left lateral cervical swelling with draining sinuses. No other clinical symptoms or physical findings were observed at admission. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a small calcified nodule in chest CT were the only abnormal findings. Pus samples from sinuses were examined and confirmed tuberculosis which was in agreement with surgical pathology of lymph nodes. A four- (4-) drug antituberculous regimen was administered. After an initial remission of his symptoms, the patient presented an exacerbation of the cervical swelling with draining sinuses necessitating addition of oral steroids. TL can be symptomless presenting a paradoxical reaction during treatment. The uniqueness of our case lies in the patient’s advanced age, which is uncommon with cervical lymphadenopathy as a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, as well as in the administration of oral steroids to resolve the neck’s clinical deterioration. The patient had a complete recovery and was free of disease after completion of his six-month antituberculous chemotherapy.
Shock Index on Admission Is Associated with Coronary Slow/No Reflow in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Emergent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Wang Qingcheng , Shen Huimin , Mao Huijuan , Yu Fenghua , Wang Haiqing , Zheng Jianlei
Published: July 2019

Objective. Coronary slow/no reflow is not rare after successfully undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and shock index (SI) is an important factor for adverse cardiovascular prognosis. In this study, we are to explore whether SI is associated with coronary slow/no reflow in patients with AMI following primary PCI. Methods. A total of 153 consecutive AMI patients undergoing primary PCI within 24 hours of symptom onset were included in this study. The participants were divided into normal flow group (n=124) and slow/no reflow group (n=29) according to cineangiograms recorded during the period of PCI. Cardiovascular risk factors, hematologic parameters, preoperative management of antithrombotic therapy, and baseline angiography were collected. Results. SI, plasma glucose, white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), probrain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), and Killip classification on admission and thrombus burden on initial angiography were significantly different between patients with and without slow/no reflow. Multivariate analysis revealed that SI≥0.66, thrombus burden, and plasma glucose on admission were independent predictors for coronary slow/no reflow. Preoperative management of tirofiban therapy improves initial thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI). However, it has no effect on prognosis of slow/no reflow. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrated that slow/no reflow in patients with AMI following primary PCI was more likely associated with SI≥0.66, thrombus burden, and plasma glucose on admission. SI as a predictor for coronary slow/no reflow should be further confirmed in the following more large-scale and prospective studies. The clinical registration number is ChiCTR1900024447.
Combined Exposure of Activated Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Nondigestible Oligosaccharides and CpG-ODN Suppresses Th2-Associated CCL22 Release While Enhancing Galectin-9, TGFβ, and Th1 Polarization
Authors: Overbeek Saskia A. , Kostadinova Atanaska I. , Boks Martine A. , Hayen Simone M. , de Jager Wilco , van’t land Belinda , Knippels Leon M. , Garssen Johan , Willemsen Linette E. M.
Published: July 2019

Background. Short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) and CpG-ODN affect intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Epithelial IL1α may contribute to allergic sensitization via autocrine mediator release affecting dendritic cells (DC). We studied whether IL1α contributes to Th2-associated mediator release by activated IEC and IEC/DC cocultures and possible modulation by scGOS/lcFOS±CpG-ODN. Methods. Solid phase or transwell cultured IEC were preincubated with IL1α and/or IFNγ/TNFα for 6 h. The transwell IEC were also apically exposed to scGOS/lcFOS±CpG-ODN for 6 h, washed, and re-exposed, while cocultured with immature moDC (ccDC) for 48 h. These ccDC were subsequently added to allogeneic naïve T cells (MLR). IEC- and/or DC-derived mediators and T cell cytokines were measured. Results. IL1α tended to enhance IL25 and enhanced IL33 and CCL20 release by IEC, while IL1α or TNFα or IFNγ enhanced CCL22. These were all further increased upon combined exposure of IFNγ/TNFα±IL1α coinciding with increased IL33 secretion in the solid phase culture. In the transwell, IL25 and IL33 remained under detection, while CCL20 and CCL22 were induced by IL1α or IFNγ/TNFα, respectively, and a synergistic increase was observed upon combined exposure of IFNγ/TNFα and IL1α. Furthermore, IFNγ was found to enhance galectin-9 secretion, which was more pronounced in IFNγ/TNFα±IL1α-exposed IEC and coincided with TGFβ increase. Epithelial CpG-ODN exposure further increased CCL20, while reducing CCL22 release by IFNγ/TNFα/IL1α-activated IEC; however, scGOS/lcFOS suppressed both. Combined scGOS/lcFOS and CpG-ODN reduced CCL22, while CCL20 and regulatory galectin-9 and TGFβ remained high in the supernatant of IFNγ/TNFα/IL1α-activated IEC and the following IEC/DC coculture. ccDC of scGOS/lcFOS- and CpG-ODN-exposed IFNγ/TNFα/IL1α-activated IEC increased IFNγ, IL10, TGFβ, and galectin-9 secretion in the MLR compared to ccDC exposed to control-activated IEC. Conclusion. IL1α enhanced CCL20 and Th2-associated CCL22 release by IFNγ/TNFα-activated IEC. Combined scGOS/lcFOS and CpG-ODN exposure suppressed CCL22, while maintaining high CCL20, TGFβ, and galectin-9 concentrations. In addition, ccDC derived from this IEC/DC coculture enhanced Th1 and regulatory mediator secretion mimicking known in vivo effects.
Long-Term Potentiation of Prelimbic Cortex Ascribed to Heat-Sensitization Responses of Moxibustion
Authors: Chen Rixin , Lyu Zhimai , Xie Dingyi , Huang Dandan , Chen Yanjun , Wu Chunmei
Published: July 2019

Heat-sensitization responses occurred in certain patients while exposed to suspended moxibustion. The response often indicated that the efficacy of moxibustion to those with it tended to triumph over those without. However, its mechanism remains to be explained. Our previous fMRI and EEG studies confirmed the changes of activities in cerebral certain regions accompanied with heat-sensitization responses, especially in prefrontal cortex. Therefore, we hypothesize that neurological system is involved in moxibustion-induced heat-sensitization responses. In the present study, phosphorylation of Cofilin representing long-term potentiation in synapse of prelimbic cortex of medial prefrontal cortex in stroke rats over suspended moxibustion was assessed, and the size of phosphorylated Cofilin positive spine in synapse was also measured. The result showed that heat-sensitization responses were observed to augment cerebral ischemic stroke-induced phosphorylation of Cofilin in prelimbic cortex of rats and increase the numbers of large synapses. This indicated that long-term potentiation of prelimbic cortex was attributed to heat-sensitization responses that were certain neurological responses of medial prefrontal cortex to suspended moxibustion.
Deviation from the Proportional Hazards Assumption in Randomized Phase 3 Clinical Trials in Oncology: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Implications
Authors: Rahman Rifaquat , Fell Geoffrey , Ventz Steffen , Arfé Andrea , Vanderbeek Alyssa M. , Trippa Lorenzo , Alexander Brian M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

Deviations from proportional hazards (DPHs), which may be more prevalent in the era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, can lead to underpowered trials or misleading conclusions. We used a meta-analytic approach to estimate DPHs across cancer trials, investigate associated factors, and evaluate data-analysis approaches for future trials.

Experimental Design: We searched PubMed for phase III trials in breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer published in a preselected list of journals between 2014 and 2016 and extracted individual patient-level data (IPLD) from Kaplan–Meier curves. We re-analyzed IPLD to identify DPHs. Potential efficiency gains, when DPHs were present, of alternative statistical methods relative to standard log-rank based analysis were expressed as sample-size requirements for a fixed power level.

Results:

From 152 trials, we obtained IPLD on 129,401 patients. Among 304 Kaplan–Meier figures, 75 (24.7%) exhibited evidence of DPHs, including eight of 14 (57%) KM pairs from immunotherapy trials. Trial type [immunotherapy, odds ratio (OR), 4.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–16.6], metastatic patient population (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.26–8.05), and non-OS endpoints (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.79–5.88) were associated with DPHs. In immunotherapy trials, alternative statistical approaches allowed for more efficient clinical trials with fewer patients (up to 74% reduction) relative to log-rank testing.

Conclusions:

DPHs were found in a notable proportion of time-to-event outcomes in published clinical trials in oncology and was more common for immunotherapy trials and non-OS endpoints. Alternative statistical methods, without proportional hazards assumptions, should be considered in the design and analysis of clinical trials when the likelihood of DPHs is high.
What Is the Optimal Radiotherapy Target Size for Non-Operable Esophageal Cancer? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Huiping , Pan Wei , Chen Yong , Chen Hui , Zuo Yun , Sun Xinchen
Published: July 2019

Definitive radiotherapy has an affirmative role in treating non-operable esophageal cancer; however, the controversy between elective lymph node irradiation (ENI) and involved-field irradiation (IFI) still remains. To ascertain the benefits and disadvantages of the two radiation target volumes, we performed a meta-analysis with 7 related publications. According to our findings, patients treated with ENI and IFI had nearly identical 1, 2, and 3-year survival rates (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.004, p = 0.980, and pooled OR = 1.15, p = 0.594, and pooled OR = 0.918, p = 0.679, respectively). Likewise, no significant differences were detected in local recurrence rates (pooled OR = 1.04, p = 0.883), regional recurrence rates (pooled OR = 0.65, p = 0.555), and distant metastasis rates (pooled OR = 1.29, p = 0.309) between the two treatment groups. However, IFI could significantly decrease the incidences of acute radiation esophagitis (pooled OR = 2.30, p = 0.001) and late pneumonia (pooled OR = 2.52, p = 0.04) compared with ENI. This meta-analysis provides evidence that IFI is more feasible for non-operable esophageal cancer than ENI.
ОКИСНЮВАЛЬНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В ЩУРІВ РІЗНОГО ВІКУ ЗА КОМБІНОВАНОЇ ДІЇ СОЛЕЙ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ ТА ФОСФОРОРГАНІЧНИХ ПЕСТИЦИДІВ
Authors: Dmukhalska Ye. B. , Yaroshenko T. Ya.
Published: July 2019

Вступ. Отруєння солями важких металів, таких, як Плюмбум, Купрум, є небезпечним для здоров’я населення. В організм людини велика частина цих сполук надходить із продуктами харчування, питною водою, атмосферним повітрям та ін. Свинець, мідь та їх сполуки проявляють кумулятивну, цитотоксичну дію на організм, викликають активацію окcидативного стресу.

Мета дослідження – вивчити коригувальну дію пептиду на окиснювальні процеси у тварин різних вікових періодів, уражених Плюмбуму ацетатом, Купруму сульфатом і гліфосатом у формі раундапу.

Методи дослідження. Досліди проводили на лабораторних нелінійних білих щурах-самцях трьох вікових періодів: статевонезрілих (молодих масою 70–90 г і віком 1–3 міс.), статевозрілих (дорослих масою 170–210 г і віком 5–8 міс.), старих (масою 250–300 г і віком 20–24 міс.), яким внутрішньошлунково протягом 30-ти днів вводили водні розчини Плюмбуму ацетату, Купруму сульфату і гліфосату у формі гербіциду раундапу та виконували корекцію порушень вільнорадикального окиснення ліпідів і білків пептидом цистеїл-гістидил-тирозил-гістидил-ізолейцином. Швидкість процесів вільнорадикального окиснення оцінювали за вмістом ТБК-активних продуктів, дієнових кон’югатів та окисномодифікованих білків (ОМБ370 і ОМБ430) у сироватці крові.

Результати й обговорення. Досліджено комбіновану дію Плюмбуму ацетату, Купруму сульфату і гліфосату на показники окисної модифікації білків і ліпідів у щурів різних вікових періодів. Встановлено, що досліджувані ксенобіотики підвищують концентрацію ТБК-активних продуктів, дієнових кон’югатів, окисну модифікацію білків.

Висновок. Введення Плюмбуму ацетату, Купруму сульфату і гліфосату у формі раундапу викликає в щурів оксидативний стрес, який супроводжується зростанням вмісту продуктів вільнорадикального окиснення ліпідів та білків.
Units of translation adopted in Persian term-formation
Authors: Abgarmi Rasool , Shaghaghi Vida
Published: July 2019

Two trends exist for Persian term-formation. In the first method known as calquing, words are rendered morpheme by morpheme. Thus, the unit of translation (UT) is a morpheme. In the second method known as conceptual equivalent-finding, the definitions of words are considered and the UT is a word. The present study was designed to identify which of the two UTs was more favored in Persian term-formation. To this end, 40 English prefixes were studied in 2354 English words together with their Persian equivalents approved by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) as the official term-formation agency in Iran. It was noticed that calquing was more frequent, i.e. morphemes were more frequently considered as UTs. Moreover, strategies of translating prefixes were introduced and examined in both methods. In conceptual method, prefixes were ignored and not translated morpheme by morpheme. However, in calquing, English prefixes were translated into Persian prefixes or lexemes.
Traduzir não o que as palavras dizem, mas o que elas fazem
Authors: Marini Clarissa , Ferreira Alice Maria
Published: July 2019

Continuando sua reflexão e trabalho sobre ritmo, o autor mostra como a poética da tradução pode ultrapassar os limites de uma teoria do signo baseada na dicotomia sentido/forma. Como uma alternativa para essa abordagem, que situa o poema e a tradução numa lógica da descontinuidade, o autor propõe que língua(gem) e tradução possam ser reconsideradas do ponto de vista da continuidade do discurso e da unidade do ritmo. Consequentemente, tradução consiste na tradução não do que as palavras dizem, mas do que elas fazem. Como exemplo, o autor aplica essa abordagem na tradução dos famosos dois primeiros versículos do Salmo 22.
Adaptação transcultural na tradução do questionário “Quality of Life in Swallowing Disorders (SWAL-QOL)” para o português do Brasil
Authors: Felipini Leila Maria , Prado Elton
Published: July 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância da adaptação transcultural em textos científicos, principalmente em questionários da área da saúde. Para tanto, utilizamos alguns itens do questionário “Quality of Life in Swallowing Disorders – SWAL-QOL” (Felipini 2016) e suas respectivas traduções, síntese e final, a fim de exemplificar as situações em que a adaptação ao público-alvo é de extrema relevância. Os itens analisados foram classificados como “não equivalentes” por pelo menos um dos membros do comitê de peritos, no que diz respeito às equivalências experimental e conceitual. A base teórica deste estudo abrangeu conceitos da área da tradução e da área da saúde. Foi possível demostrar que a tradução é um processo de negociação entre culturas, conforme indica Bassnett (2003).
“Divertidamente”e a análise comparativa das escolhas tradutórias na legendagem sob o prisma de Umberto Eco
Authors: Silva Luísa da , Fernandez Carla Cristina
Published: July 2019

Para o presente estudo, tomamos como parâmetro teórico as discussões de Umberto Eco na obra Quase a mesma coisa (2011) no que diz respeito ao que o autor chama de “perdas e compensações” da tradução e “violação da referência”, problematizando os efeitos positivos e negativos que o uso desses termos oferece aos estudos descritivos da tradução.  Dessa forma, aplicamos os conceitos e as discussões de Eco (2011) no corpus audiovisual selecionado: as legendas do filme de animação “Inside Out” (em inglês estadunidense) e suas três versões: “Divertidamente” (em português brasileiro), “Del revés” (em espanhol castelhano) e “Intensamente” (em espanhol latino). Por meio do estudo comparativo entre as quatro amostras de língua, nosso objetivo é descrever e analisar as escolhas tradutórias de cada versão.
A Coleção Amarela da Livraria do Globo (1931-1956)
Authors: Bottmann Denise , Karam Sérgio
Published: July 2019

Este artigo reconstitui o catálogo completo da Coleção Amarela da Livraria do Globo (1931-1956), analisa vários aspectos referentes a ela e procede a esclarecimentos de alguns pontos nebulosos de sua trajetória.
Diesel Exhaust Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Hyperlipidemia, and Liver Steatosis
Authors: Yin Fen , Gupta Rajat , Vergnes Laurent , Driscoll Will S. , Ricks Jerry , Ramanathan Gajalakshmi , Stewart James A. , Shih Diana M. , Faull Kym F. , Beaven Simon W. , Lusis Aldons J. , Reue Karen , Rosenfeld Michael E. , Araujo Jesús A.
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Our goal was to dissect the mechanisms involved.

Approach and Results:

We assessed the effects of exposure to air pollution on lipid metabolism in mice through assessment of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, oxidized fatty acids 9-HODE (9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic) and 13-HODE (13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic), lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Findings were corroborated, and mechanisms were further assessed in HepG2 hepatocytes in culture. ApoE knockout mice exposed to inhaled diesel exhaust (DE, 6 h/d, 5 days/wk for 16 weeks) exhibited elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increased hepatic triglyceride content, and higher hepatic levels of 9-HODE and 13-HODE, as compared to control mice exposed to filtered air. A direct effect of DE exposure on hepatocytes was demonstrated by treatment of HepG2 cells with a methanol extract of DE particles followed by loading with oleic acid. As observed in vivo, this led to increased triglyceride content and significant downregulation of
ACAD9
mRNA expression. Treatment of HepG2 cells with DE particles and oleic acid did not alter de novo lipogenesis but inhibited total, mitochondrial, and ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment of isolated mitochondria, prepared from mouse liver, with DE particles and oleic acid also inhibited mitochondrial complex activity and β-oxidation.

Conclusions:

DE exposure leads to dyslipidemia and liver steatosis in ApoE knockout mice, likely due to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased lipid catabolism.
International Law as an Adaptation Measure to Sea-level Rise and Its Impacts on Islands and Offshore Features
Authors: Oral Nilüfer
Published: July 2019

Climate change-induced sea-level rise will result in the partial or complete inundation of low-lying coastal areas and insular features. The consequences of this include the loss of baselines from which maritime zones are established. The loss of baselines raises a number of legal questions, in particular concerning the legal status of maritime entitlements and in some cases the potential loss of statehood. Solutions proposed include maintaining existing baselines or outer limits of maritime zones, or the construction de novo of artificial islands. This article examines the current state of international law under the international climate-change regime and the law of the sea in relation to adaptation and adaptive measures, such as maintaining of baselines, island fortification and the construction of artificial islands. In addition, the article explores the question as to whether measures such as maintaining baselines would constitute adaptive measures under the existing climate-change regime.
Processes Shaping the Frontal-Scale Time-Mean Surface Wind Convergence Patterns around the Kuroshio Extension in Winter
Authors: Masunaga Ryusuke , Nakamura Hisashi , Taguchi Bunmei , Miyasaka Takafumi
Published: July 2019

High-resolution satellite observations and numerical simulations have revealed that climatological-mean surface wind convergence and precipitation are enhanced locally around the midlatitude warm western boundary currents (WBCs) with divergence slightly to their poleward side. While steep sea surface temperature (SST) fronts along the WBCs have been believed to play an important role in shaping those frontal-scale atmospheric structures, the mechanisms and processes involved are still under debate. The present study explores specific daily scale atmospheric processes that are essential for shaping the frontal-scale atmospheric structure around the Kuroshio Extension (KE) in winter, taking advantage of a new product of global atmospheric reanalysis. Cluster analysis and case studies reveal that a zonally extending narrow band of surface wind convergence frequently emerges along the KE, which is typically observed under the surface northerlies after the passage of a developed synoptic-scale cyclone. Unlike its counterpart around the cyclone center and associated cold front, the surface convergence tends to be in moderate strength and more persistent, contributing dominantly to the distinct time-mean convergence/divergence contrast across the SST front. Accompanying ascent and convective precipitation, the band of convergence is a manifestation of a weak stationary atmospheric front anchored along the SST front or generation of a weak meso-α-scale cyclone. By reinforcing the ascent and convergence, latent heating through convective processes induced by surface convergence plays an important role in shaping the frontal-scale atmospheric structure around the KE.
Electrically Active Tropical Cyclone Diurnal Pulses in the Atlantic Basin
Authors: Ditchek Sarah D. , Corbosiero Kristen L. , Fovell Robert G. , Molinari John
Published: July 2019

While the frequency and structure of Atlantic basin tropical cyclone diurnal cooling and warming pulses have recently been explored, how often diurnal pulses are associated with deep convection was left unanswered. Here, storm-relative, GridSat-B1, 6-h IR brightness temperature difference fields were supplemented with World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data to answer that question. Electrically active, long-lived cooling and warming pulses were defined objectively by determining critical thresholds for the lightning flash density, areal coverage, and longevity within each pulse. Pulses with lightning occurred 61% of the time, with persistently electrically active pulses (≥9 h, ACT) occurring on 38% of pulse days and quasi–electrically active pulses (3–6 h, QUASI) occurring on 23% of pulse days. Electrically inactive pulses (<3 h, INACT) occurred 39% of the time. ACT pulse days had more pulses located right-of-shear, the preferred quadrant for outer-rainband lightning activity, and were associated with more favorable environmental conditions than INACT pulse days. Cooling pulses were more likely to occur in lower-shear environments while warming pulses were more likely to occur in high-shear environments. Finally, while the propagation speeds of ACT and INACT cooling pulses and ACT warming pulses did lend support to the recent gravity wave and tropical squall-line explanations of diurnal pulses, the INACT warming pulses did not and should be studied further.
Within-lesion heterogeneity of subcortical DWI lesion evolution, and stroke outcome: A voxel-based analysis
Authors: Duering Marco , Adam Ruth , Wollenweber Frank A , Bayer-Karpinska Anna , Baykara Ebru , Cubillos-Pinilla Leidy Y , Gesierich Benno , Araque Caballero Miguel Á , Stoecklein Sophia , Ewers Michael , Pasternak Ofer , Dichgans Martin
Published: July 2019

The fate of subcortical diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions in stroke patients is highly variable, ranging from complete tissue loss to no visible lesion on follow-up. Little is known about within-lesion heterogeneity and its relevance for stroke outcome. Patients with subcortical stroke and recruited through the prospective DEDEMAS study (NCT01334749) were examined at baseline ( n = 45), six months ( n = 45), and three years ( n = 28) post-stroke. We performed high-resolution structural MRI including DWI. Tissue fate was determined voxel-wise using fully automated tissue segmentation. Within-lesion heterogeneity at baseline was assessed by free water diffusion imaging measures. The majority of DWI lesions (66%) showed cavitation on six months follow-up but the proportion of tissue turning into a cavity was small (9 ± 13.5% of the DWI lesion). On average, 69 ± 25% of the initial lesion resolved without any visually apparent signal abnormality. The extent of cavitation at six months post-stroke was independently associated with clinical outcome, i.e. modified Rankin scale score at six months (OR = 4.71, p = 0.005). DWI lesion size and the free water-corrected tissue mean diffusivity at baseline independently predicted cavitation. In conclusion, the proportion of cavitating tissue is typically small, but relevant for clinical outcome. Within-lesion heterogeneity at baseline on advanced diffusion imaging is predictive of tissue fate.
The Role of Online Infidelity Behaviors in the Link between Mental Illness and Social Media Intrusion
Authors: Abbasi Irum Saeed , Dibble Jayson L.
Published: July 2019

Online social interactions can potentially benefit users. Excessive use and certain behaviors, however, may cause interpersonal problems and promote toxic behaviors such as stalking. The present study explored the link between mental health status and social media intrusion (addiction) in a sample of 243 married/cohabiting romantic partners (female 177, male 66). The sample was divided into two groups based on the diagnosis or nondiagnosis of mental/emotional illness. We also tested a mediation model to examine whether social networking sites (SNS) related infidelity behaviors mediate the link between mental health and social media intrusion. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between mental illness and SNS intrusion, and SNS related infidelity behaviors partially mediated this relationship. These findings suggest that partners should be cautious when making friends online and should take proactive steps to avoid the possibility of engaging in infidelity behaviors. Therapeutic implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Ethics Education During Palliative Medicine Fellowship
Authors: Vig Elizabeth K. , Merel Susan E.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Palliative care clinicians frequently encounter situations in which there are ethical dilemmas about the right thing to do. Palliative medicine fellowships are required to include education about ethics. Our fellowship increased fellows’ ethics education through monthly didactics, lectures in a professional development series, and a month-long ethics rotation.

Methods:

We sought input from graduates of our palliative medicine fellowship about the content and amount of the ethics education they received. Fellowship graduates were invited via e-mail to complete an online survey about the ethics education they received during fellowship. They were asked questions about their work environment, frequency with which they encounter ethical dilemmas, their perspectives on the ethics content, the amount of ethics education they received during fellowship, and their input on ways to improve the ethics education within the fellowship.

Results:

Twenty-eight (82%) of 34 fellowship graduates completed the survey; 93% noted that they encounter ethical dilemmas in their work, with half encountering these on a daily or weekly basis, and 86% noted that colleagues ask them questions about ethics because of their palliative medicine training. None responded that they had received too much ethics education. Fellowship graduates identified ethics content that has been useful since completing fellowship and suggested ways to improve ethics education for future fellows.

Conclusion:

Graduates of a palliative medicine fellowship encounter ethical dilemmas often and frequently are asked questions about ethics. Palliative medicine fellowships may want to examine their ethics curriculum to ensure that graduating fellows are learning about relevant ethics topics and are comfortable discussing ethical dilemmas with others.
Developing a family resilience assessment tool for health visiting/public health nursing practice using virtual commissioning, high-fidelity simulation and focus groups
Authors: Pontin David , Thomas Michelle , Jones Georgina , O’Kane Jane , Wilson Liz , Dale Fran , Whitcombe Dean , Wallace Carolyn
Published: July 2019

UK public health nurse assessment of family resilience is a necessary component of monitoring family health and children’s development and identifying areas for change. This research was part of an exploration of Welsh public health nurses’ understanding of ‘family resilience’ as a concept underpinning their practice. From it, the Family Resilience Assessment Instrument Tool (FRAITTM www.frait.wales/) was developed for public health nurses use. We report on a virtual commissioning process using focus groups and an immersive simulation suite to test a FRAIT prototype in a safe environment before field testing. Virtual commissioning design: Hydra-Minerva Immersive Simulation Suite – individual public health nurses presented with a multi-media scenario as they used the prototype FRAIT. Follow-up focus groups for usability insights before field testing. Virtual commissioning raised real-world issues which public health nurses discussed in focus groups. Issues were scoring, absence of information, focusing on family resilience, identifying adults caring for children, potential for use, identifying need and monitoring change, potential impact of using FRAIT and fitting it to everyday practice. Prototype testing like this allowed us to fine tune the FRAIT for field testing.
Atomistic investigation of hybrid plasmonic systems
Authors: Giannone Giulia , Della Sala Fabio , D’Agostino Stefania
Published: July 2019

By using time-dependent density functional theory, we investigate in a fully quantum mechanical framework the interactions, in an ultra-near-field regime, between a localized surface plasmon excitable in a silver tetrahedral cluster and a molecular exciton with excitation energy in the same range. We show that, for metal–molecule distances below 5 Å, the optical response of the system results characterized by the appearance of a double peak structure. We analyze the transition densities for the resonant energies and propose a plasmon–exciton electromagnetic interaction model to explain the emerging of a lower energy resonance in the spectra of such kind of hybrid systems of interest for molecular plasmonics.