bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Oxygen Intake and Liver Enzyme on The Dynamics of Damaged Hepatocytes: Implications to Ischaemic Liver Injury via A Mathematical Model
Authors: Ghosh Aditi , Onsager Claire , Arriola Leon , Mason Andrew , Lee William , Mubayi Anuj
Published: March 2020

Ischaemic Hepatitis (IH) or Hypoxic Hepatitis (HH) also known as centrilobular liver cell necrosis is an acute liver injury characterized by a rapid increase in serum aminotransferase. The liver injury typically results from another underlying medical conditions like cardiac failure, respiratory failure and septic shock in which the liver becomes damaged due to deprivation of either blood or oxygen. IH is a potentially lethal condition which is often preventable if diagnosed properly.Unfortunately, mechanism that causes IH are often not well understood, making it difficult to diagnose or accurately quantify the patterns of related biomakers. In most cases, currently the only way to determine a case of IH (i.e., to diagnose it) is to rule out all other possible conditions for other liver injuries. A better understanding of the liver’s response to IH is necessary to aid in its diagnosis, measurement and improve outcomes.The goal of this study, is to identify mechanisms that can alter a few associated biomarkers for reducing density of damaged hepatocytes, and thus reduce chances of IH. To this end, we develop a mathematical model capturing dynamics of hepatocytes in the liver through the rise and fall of associated liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) related to condition of IH. The model analysis provides a novel approach to predict the level of biomarkers given variations in the systemic oxygen in the body. Using IH patient data in US, novel model parameters are described and then estimated for the first time to capture real time dynamics of hepatocytes in the presence and absence of IH condition. Different scenarios of patient conditions were also analyzed and validated using empirical information. This study and its results may allow physicians to estimate the extent of liver damage in a IH patient based on their enzyme levels and receive faster treatment on real time basis.
Fuse to defuse: a self-limiting ribonuclease-ring nuclease fusion for type III CRISPR defence
Authors: Samolygo Aleksei , Athukoralage Januka S. , Graham Shirley , White Malcolm F.
Published: March 2020

Type III CRISPR systems synthesise cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers in response to viral infection of bacteria and archaea, potentiating an immune response by binding and activating ancillary effector nucleases such as Csx1. As these effectors are not specific for invading nucleic acids, a prolonged activation can result in cell dormancy or death. To avoid this fate, some archaeal species encode a specialised ring nuclease enzyme (Crn1) to degrade cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA4) and deactivate the ancillary nucleases. Some archaeal viruses and bacteriophage encode a potent ring nuclease anti-CRISPR, AcrIII-1, to rapidly degrade cA4and neutralise immunity. Homologues of this enzyme (named Crn2) exist in type III CRISPR systems but are uncharacterised. Here we describe an unusual fusion between cA4-activated CRISPR ribonuclease (Csx1) and a cA4-degrading ring nuclease (Crn2) fromMarinitoga piezophila. The protein has two binding sites that compete for the cA4ligand, a canonical cA4-activated ribonuclease activity in the Csx1 domain and a potent cA4ring nuclease activity in the C-terminal Crn2 domain. The activities of the two constituent enzymes in the fusion protein cooperate to ensure a robust but time-limited cOA-activated ribonuclease activity that is finely tuned to cA4levels as a second messenger of infection.
Global search in single-solution-based metaheuristics
Authors: Jaddi Najmeh Sadat , Abdullah Salwani
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Metaheuristic algorithms are classified into two categories namely: single-solution and population-based algorithms. Single-solution algorithms perform local search process by employing a single candidate solution trying to improve this solution in its neighborhood. In contrast, population-based algorithms guide the search process by maintaining multiple solutions located in different points of search space. However, the main drawback of single-solution algorithms is that the global optimum may not reach and it may get stuck in local optimum. On the other hand, population-based algorithms with several starting points that maintain the diversity of the solutions globally in the search space and results are of better exploration during the search process. In this paper more chance of finding global optimum is provided for single-solution-based algorithms by searching different regions of the search space.

Design/methodology/approach

In this method, different starting points in initial step, searching locally in neighborhood of each solution, construct a global search in search space for the single-solution algorithm.

Findings

The proposed method was tested based on three single-solution algorithms involving hill-climbing (HC), simulated annealing (SA) and tabu search (TS) algorithms when they were applied on 25 benchmark test functions. The results of the basic version of these algorithms were then compared with the same algorithms integrated with the global search proposed in this paper. The statistical analysis of the results proves outperforming of the proposed method. Finally, 18 benchmark feature selection problems were used to test the algorithms and were compared with recent methods proposed in the literature.

Originality/value

In this paper more chance of finding global optimum is provided for single-solution-based algorithms by searching different regions of the search space.
Rationalizing gender inequality at scientific research organizations
Authors: Gupta Namrata
Published: March 2020

Purpose

It is well-known that women scientists are few in numbers in prestigious research organizations and still fewer in leadership positions. The purpose of this article is to analyze how organizational gender inequality is rationalized by scientists so as to highlight how discourse on equality reproduces gender at the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the scientists in four research laboratories dealing with medicinal drugs and chemical substances. It uses discourse analysis by Foucault as a theoretical lens to examine how gender inequality is rationalized and the power relations behind it. It adopts the perspective that socio-cultural beliefs form the basis of gendered practices in organizations.

Findings

It finds that the scientists refuse to blame the organization for inequalities by delinking gender issues from the organizational domain. This delinking occurs through rationalizing gender inequality as “social”, through separating informal behavior from the “system” and perceiving women as “privileged”. Such discourses while keeping intact the rationality and meritocracy of the organizations/institutions, reproduce the ideological “public-private dichotomy” and the male dominance at the workplace.

Practical implications

The findings indicate the need for extensive studies in India highlighting how gender is done in organizations, exploring men's role in undoing gender and government initiatives to create a climate of gender equality.

Originality/value

It highlights how discourse on gender equality/inequality at the workplace manifests dominance of men and represents an intersection of Indian social, organizational and institutional contexts at workplace. It also calls into question the applicability of the western concepts of “individualization” and “gender fatigue” to the Indian context.
Selective incivility: an insidious form of discrimination in organizations
Authors: Kabat-Farr Dana , Settles Isis H. , Cortina Lilia M.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This article serves as an introduction to four articles featured in a special issue on selective incivility in the workplace. This collection of papers addresses pressing issues around unpacking and tackling selective incivility in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This introductory article first highlights research in this area to date, provides a summary of the papers included in this special issue and ends with intriguing themes from the papers and ways in which they advance the field.

Findings

These papers reveal contextual factors that help us better understand selective incivility: group processes, workplace gender composition, status and power and modality (in-person or online incivility).

Originality/value

By bringing together four approaches to studying selective incivility, this special issue pushes the field forward, providing empirically based insights as well as compelling new research directions.
How temporal leadership boosts employee innovative job performance
Authors: Zhang Juncheng , van Eerde Wendelien , Gevers Josette M.P. , Zhu Weichun
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how temporal leadership relates to employee innovative job performance through pro-social rule breaking for efficiency (PSRB_E) and vigor. As such, it draws from both motivational and affective perspectives to investigate the way in which leaders manage employees' time to boost employee innovation at work.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a two-source survey with coworker dyads from multiple organizations in China. Two hundred and three focal employees rated temporal leadership, time pressure and vigor. Each focal employee was rated by a coworker on PSRB_E and innovative job performance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping techniques are used to examine the hypothesized relationships with theRpackage for latent variable analysis (i.e. lavaan).

Findings

The results suggest that temporal leadership positively relates to employees' innovative job performance through the mediations of their PRSB_E and vigor, respectively.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first that sought to understand the effect of temporal leadership on employee innovative job performance. It also casts light upon the motivational and affective mechanisms underlying such a linkage.
Does greater school resource allocation improve efficiency in education production? Performance assessment of Spanish public sector-funded schools
Authors: Salas-Velasco Manuel
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to measure the efficiency performance of public sector-funded schools in Spain.

Design/methodology/approach

Using school-level data from Program for International Student Assessment 2012, cross-sectional models were estimated using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Technical efficiencies of public sector-funded schools (public schools andcentros concertados), and their determinants were estimated using a one-step maximum likelihood procedure. SFA models include both a stochastic error term and a term that can be characterized as inefficiency; the non-negative technical inefficiency effects are assumed to be a function of school characteristics.

Findings

The results show that greater school autonomy and school responsibility for resource allocation are associated with efficiency improvement. Subsidized private schools (calledcentros concertados) were more efficient than public schools. The former are free of bureaucratic constraints that encumber public schools, and they are able to control many more decisions at the school level (e.g. they select their own teachers).

Originality/value

This paper shows the value of school autonomy for educational performance. The author defines school autonomy as the operational empowerment of the principals and teachers. Therefore, the government could grant greater autonomy to public schools (school-based management), since school autonomy is a driver of efficiency. Further, teachers’ morale is also an environmental driver of efficiency. Schools tend to be more efficient when teachers work with enthusiasm or value academic achievement. And this is more likely to occur in private schools, even though teachers are hired (they are not civil servants) and have a lower salary than public school teachers. The lack of motivation of many teachers in public schools may be in the absence of incentives – there is no possibility of promotion and everyone is guaranteed a wage increase every three years –and in the bureaucratization of the public school system.
Measuring subjective well-being in an understudied population of young Western-African IDPs and refugees
Authors: Veronese Guido , Pepe Alessandro , Sala Giovanni , Vigliaroni Marzia
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report a real-life empirical case and discuss some caveats emerged in measuring subjective well-being (SWB) in an understudied population of adolescents refugees from West Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

During the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the subjective well-being assessment scale in the target population, the model of measurement presented some weakness with regard to content validity criteria.

Findings

This leads to a partial revision of the model and the development of new locally-based domains of SWB.

Originality/value

Context-specific factors’ robustness showed the dynamic and culture-informed nature of the SWB construct. Practical and theoretical implications of using quantitative questionnaires in non-western contexts characterized by high grades of insecurity and instability will be discussed.
Corporate sustainability and enterprise performance
Authors: Bojnec Štefan , Tomšič Nastja
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between economic performance in terms of labour productivity of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their corporate sustainability in association with the driving forces of internationalization process and enterprise networks.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper develops an innovative theoretical–conceptual approach and applied unique empirical survey to investigate the simultaneous causalities between labour productivity and corporate sustainability, in the context of the set of relationships controlled with two other set of variables for mediating role of the internationalization process and enterprise networks focusing on business collaborations between SMEs. Four hypotheses are tested by the developed structural equation model for the unique in-depth survey data of Slovenian SMEs.

Findings

The results highlight significant positive correlations between the studied variables and their constructs, which indicate scientific justification to variables as factors. The results confirmed that internationalization process and enterprise networks are positively associated in improving corporate sustainability, which drives labour productivity.

Practical implications

The implications of this research are for managers regarding strategies and approaches aiming at sustainable development of SMEs, and for policy-makers regarding appropriate policies for practices encouraging internalization processes and enterprise networks as important drivers of corporate sustainability and labour productivity of SMEs.

Originality/value

The main scientific value added of this research is that combines and empirically examines driving forces of corporate sustainability in SMEs based on related studies, to develop more comprehensive structural equation model for better understanding of the corporate sustainability behaviour in SMEs.
The influence of organizational culture and HRM on building innovative capability
Authors: Botelho Carlos
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to deepen the extant theoretical and empirical knowledge on the mechanisms by which organizational culture and HR practices interact to promote innovative capability in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for this study were collected from a sample of 75 companies in two phases. First, the HR managers of those companies responded to a survey that measures organizational culture, HR practices and innovative capability. Second, we obtained additional data from department managers of 36 of those 75 companies. The research model and hypotheses were tested using structured equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The results indicate that cultural traits have direct and significant effects on promoting innovative capability and that they have also a strong effect on the effectiveness of implemented HR practices, the latter having a mediation role. The importance of considering both generic and specific (innovation focused) HR practices to obtain a synergistic effect in the promotion of innovation was also demonstrated.

Research limitations/implications

The data were collected using a questionnaire at a single point in time, and thus, not allowing cause–effect inferences.

Practical implications

The results of this study provide evidence for HRM professionals interested in designing a system of HR practices that contributes to enhance organizational innovative capability.

Originality/value

This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms through which HR practices have an incremental effect over organizational culture on organizations' innovative capability, specifically offering a list of innovation-targeted practices. Moreover, it suggests that decision-makers will benefit from combining a range of generic and innovation-focused HR practices, which will display greater effect when embedded on highly effective culture contexts.
Non-financial e-procurement performance measures
Authors: Kumar Nripendra , Ganguly Kunal K.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to identify the non-financial e-procurement performance measures and find out whether these non-financial performance measures are leading indicator of impact on firm financial performance by adoption of e-procurement in terms of reduction in production cost.

Design/methodology/approach

The research model has been tested with the data collected from target procurement professionals in India. Structural equation modelling has been used for testing conceptual model hypotheses including mediation. The phantom model approach for testing multiple mediators has deployed.

Findings

The present empirical study found that non-financial performance measure of e-procurement, namely, transparency, coordination, efficiency and effectiveness are leading indicators of the impact of e-procurement adoption on production cost. This paper suggests that managers should try to design the e-procurement platform or opt for third party platform which reduces transaction cost to a minimum for enhanced coordination, work on transparency policy with maximum disclosure of information for enhanced transparency and ask for a fast and responsive system for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness.

Originality/value

This study, first time, attempted to identify non-financial performance measures of e-procurement and tried to understand how these intermediate non-financial performance measures impact the firm financial performance. The interdependence of non-financial performance measures has also been explored, and the research model has been developed to empirically examine the interdependence of these financial measures and its impact on production cost.
An improved methodology for evaluating availability of multistate series–parallel systems using the polynomial distribution function
Authors: Hashemzadeh Ghalhari Zahra , Zeinal Hamadani Ali
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper employs new methods to evaluate the availability of multistate series–parallel systems, in which a number of similar components are available in each subsystem.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, polynomial distribution function (PDF) is combined with universal generating function (UGF) and recursive algorithm (RA) methods to evaluate the availability of multistate series–parallel systems. To achieve this goal, the PDF is initially used to determine the performance rates and the probabilities corresponding to the performance states of the similar components in a subsystem. The obtained results are used to evaluate the system availability via the UGF and RA methods.

Findings

It is shown that the combined UGF and PDF (UGF-PDF) and also the combined RA and PDF (RA-PDF) methods require less computational time than did the UGF and RA methods, respectively.

Originality/value

In the UGF and RA methods, there is no difference in system availability evaluation time when considering similar or different components in each subsystem. But the proposed methods in this article do not have this restrictions; therefore, these methods can be used to evaluate system availability in optimal redundancy allocation problems. As a result, using these methods reduces the optimization time of those problems.
Does speaker’s voice enthusiasm affect social cue, cognitive load and transfer in multimedia learning?
Authors: Liew Tze Wei , Tan Su-Mae , Tan Teck Ming , Kew Si Na
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effects of voice enthusiasm (enthusiastic voice vs calm voice) on social ratings of the speaker, cognitive load and transfer performance in multimedia learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Two laboratory experiments were conducted in which learners learned from a multimedia presentation about computer algorithm that was narrated by either an enthusiastic human voice or a calm human voice.

Findings

Results from Experiment 1 revealed that the enthusiastic voice narration led to higher social ratings of the speaker and transfer performance when compared to the calm voice narration. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the enthusiastic voice led to higher affective social ratings (human-like and engaging) and transfer performance as compared to the calm voice. Moreover, it was shown that a calm voice prompted a higher germane load than an enthusiastic voice, which conforms to the argument that prosodic cues in voice can influence processing in multimedia learning among non-native speakers.

Originality/value

This study extends from prior studies that examined voice effects related to mechanization, accent, dialect, and slang in multimedia learning to examining the effects of voice enthusiasm in multimedia learning.
Commitment among adjunct faculty
Authors: Reeder Heidi
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Without the stability of tenure, adjunct faculty have few barriers to leave their position. The purpose of this article is to understand the variables that predict commitment among adjunct instructors.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper statistically analyzed data from a survey completed by adjunct instructors at two 4-year universities. The survey included scales on commitment, satisfaction, investments, alternatives and the psychological concepts of grit and self-efficacy. In addition, a qualitative analysis was conducted on supplemental open-ended questions that allowed participants to describe the basis of their commitment.

Findings

Satisfaction and investments were the main predictors of commitment and those together accounted for just over 50 percent of the variance. Grit and self-efficacy did not correlate with commitment, but did correlate with satisfaction and investments.

Practical implications

Given the predictive power of satisfaction to explain commitment, understanding the specific rewards and costs experienced by this population can give administrators ideas for making the part-time position more appealing. Similarly, given the predictive power of investments, administrators might consider identifying avenues for adjunct faculty to contribute to the department and university in a meaningful and rewarding way.

Originality/value

Universities are increasingly dependent on adjunct instructors, so it is worthwhile to understand the experience of such faculty. This is best done through research, rather than relying on assumptions, stereotype or anecdotes.
E-strategies for aftermarket facilitation in the global semiconductor manufacturing industry
Authors: Hickey Patrick , Kozlovski Eugene
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The paper presents one of the first attempts to identify and categorise the fundamental barriers currently preventing the multibillion semiconductor equipment manufacturing industry from implementing existing B2B e-trading models for its secondary market. It furthermore proposes a global e-business strategy supporting aftermarket integration with the industry's supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

Because of the global nature of the industry, the research employs a multiple case-study design to explore the state-of-the-art in semiconductor excess management. The data for this analysis are obtained through a number of in-depth interviews with experts from a cross-section of the industry, and further supplemented and validated with a systematic literature review and public corporate data.

Findings

The results indicate that significant market imperfections still exist in the industry due to information and knowledge deficits, organisational inefficiency and IP-related concerns. The considerable levels of third-party competition to the original equipment manufacturers raise questions about the existence and efficacy of reverse logistics processes and Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) management strategies in this industry. It has been shown that a leaner semiconductor supply chain is achievable through the implementation of the proposed B2B e-marketplace, maintaining the information exchange on the surplus/obsolete equipment and parts.

Originality/value

These outcomes are unique for supporting the design of the first global e-marketplace for the secondary semiconductor equipment and spares. The results can, furthermore, inform the standardisation of the semiconductor aftermarket transactions, streamline knowledge exchange mechanisms amongst different industry players and improve pricing strategies. These contribute to knowledge of principles allowing the aftermarket e-trading to become a key part of the value network in high-tech manufacturing industries.
Money laundering control in Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez José Francisco , Cruz-García Salvador , Venegas-Martínez Francisco
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper is aimed at developing a regression tree model useful to quantify the Money Laundering (ML) risk associated to a customer profile and his contracted products (customer’s inherent risk). ML is a risk to which different entities are exposed, but mainly the financial ones because of the nature of their activity, so that they are legally obliged to have an appropriate methodology to analyze and assess such a risk.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the technique of regression trees to identify, measure and quantify the ML customer’s inherent risk.

Findings

After classifying customers as high- or low-risk based on a probability threshold of 0.5, this study finds that customers with 56 months or more of seniority are more risky than those with less seniority; the variables “contracted product” and “customer seniority” are statistically significant; the variables origin, legal entity and economic activity are not statistically significant for classifying customers; institution collection, business products and individual product are the most risky; and the percentage of effectiveness, suggested by the decision tree technique, is around 89.5 per cent.

Practical implications

In the daily practice of ML risk management, the two main issues to be considered are: 1) the knowledge of the customer, and 2) the detection of his inherent risk elements.

Originality/value

Information from the customer portfolio and his transaction profile is analyzed through BigData and data mining.
Abusive supervision and employee creativity: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Shen Chuangang , Zhang Yucheng , Yang Jing , Liu Siqi
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the harmful effect of abusive supervision on employee creativity through feedback-seeking behavior (FSB) and the moderation of this mediation by proactive personality.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted hierarchical regression and path analysis to analyze the 341 manager–employee dyads data gathered from 11 companies in China.

Findings

The results reveal that abusive supervision had a detrimental effect on employee creativity partially mediated by employee FSB, and employees' proactive personality moderated the mediation.

Research limitations/implications

Although the findings of this research are based on multiple sources data, it is hard to draw causal inferences because the nature of the data is cross-sectional.

Practical implications

Organizations should be aware of the deleterious effect of abusive supervision on employee creativity and should seek to inhibit supervisors' abusive behavior in the workplace.

Originality/value

This study re-examines the relationship between abusive supervision and employee creativity in the Chinese context from the social exchange perspective. The mediating role of FSB and the moderating role of proactive personality offer new insights in-to the mechanisms and boundary conditions associated with the relationship between abusive supervision and employee creativity.
Spillover effect of regulatory accounting inspections on accounting quality of peer companies
Authors: Cho Eunjung , Kim Jeehong , Kim Sooin
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether a negative outcome (i.e. a sanction) of an inspection by Korea’s Financial Supervisory Service for an industry-leading company affects the accounting quality of other companies in the same industry. The premise is that when peer companies observe the negative results of such an inspection on a leader in their industry, they will be more concerned about their own risk during a future inspection and more likely to increase their accounting quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct a mutivariate Oridnary Least Squares (OLS) regression using 11,476 South Korean samples from 2002 to 2016. The study uses ordinary least square regressions to test the hypotheses using discretionary accruals as a proxy for accounting quality.

Findings

The authors find that peer companies reduced their discretionary accruals in the next period and that this reduction is amplified according to the severity of the disciplinary action on the industry leader and the materiality of errors in that leader’s financial statements.

Originality/value

This finding contributes to the literature by providing the first evidence of a spillover effect of regulatory inspection on accounting quality that financial reporting sanctions not only affect the overall accounting quality of the sanctioned company but also that of its peers in the same industry. The authors expect this study to lead to future research on the effect of other regulations on industry-wide accounting quality.
Evaluation of a diagnostic ADHD pathway in a community child mental health service in South London
Authors: Barnes Georgina L. , Wretham Alexandra Eleanor , Sedgwick Rosemary , Boon Georgina , Cheesman Katie , Moghraby Omer
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Clinicians working in UK child mental health services are faced with several challenges in providing accurate assessment and diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Within the South London & Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Trust, community Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) are developing structured pathways for assessing and diagnosing ADHD in young people. To date, these pathways have not been formally evaluated. The main aims of this evaluation are to evaluate all ADHD referrals made to the service in an 18-month period, including the number of completed assessments and proportion of children diagnosed with ADHD; and investigate adherence to the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline for diagnosing ADHD in children and young people.

Design/methodology/approach

Retrospective data analysis was performed using service databases and electronic patient records. Adherence to the clinical guideline was measured using the NICE data collection tool for diagnosing ADHD in children and young people. All completed ADHD assessments were compared to four key recommendation points in the guideline.

Findings

Within the time frame, 146 children aged 4-17 years were referred and accepted for an ADHD assessment. Of these, 92 families opted in and were seen for an initial appointment. In total, 36 ADHD assessments were completed, of which 19 children received a diagnosis of ADHD and 17 did not. Aside from structured recording of ADHD symptoms based on ICD-10 criteria (69%) and reporting of functional impairment (75%), adherence to all guidance points was above 90%. The study also found that although a greater proportion of children referred to the service were male and identified as White, these differences narrowed upon receipt of ADHD diagnosis.

Research limitations/implications

Relationship to the existing literature is discussed in relation to the assessment process, demographic characteristics and rates of co-occurrence.

Practical implications

The findings demonstrate that in child mental health services, gold standard practice for diagnosing ADHD should be the adoption of clear, protocol-driven pathways to support appropriate access and treatment for young people and their families.

Originality/value

This article is unique in that it is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first to describe and report clinician-adherence to a structured pathway for diagnosing ADHD in young people within a community CAMHS service in South London.
Effects of product imitation on customer equity
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Xinyan , Chen Man
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the differential effects of pure and creative imitation on customer equity and the moderating roles of market contingency (i.e. competition intensity) and institutional contingency (i.e. enforcement inefficiency).

Design/methodology/approach

A lab experiment with 181 subjects and a survey of both senior and middle managers from 149 pharmaceutical firms in China were conducted.

Findings

Pure imitation decreases customer equity, but creative imitation increases it. Competition intensity attenuates the negative effect of pure imitation and the positive effect of creative imitation, whereas enforcement inefficiency only attenuates the negative effect of pure imitation.

Practical implications

The findings have significant implications for managers seeking to implement product imitation strategies in emerging economies. They can help managers understand the effects of two kinds of imitation strategies on customer equity. Furthermore, this shows that product imitation strategies should be aligned with various market and institutional contingencies to achieve better performance.

Originality/value

The authors distinguished between pure and creative imitation. Whereas previous studies have investigated the effects of pure and creative imitation on financial and market performance, the focus was on their differential effects on customer equity and the moderating roles of environmental contingencies at the market and institutional levels.
Abusive supervision and employee engagement and satisfaction: the mediating role of employee silence
Authors: Wang Chih-Chieh , Hsieh Hui-Hsien , Wang Yau-De
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Previous studies have found that abusive supervision undermines employees' work motivation and attitudes, namely work engagement and job satisfaction. However, less is known about the mechanisms by which abusive supervision negatively relates to employees' work engagement and job satisfaction. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study examines employee silence as a mediating mechanism linking abusive supervision to employees' work engagement and job satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were collected from a sample of 233 full-time employees of a large hotel service company in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results showed that abusive supervision has a positive association with employee silence. Moreover, the results showed that employee silence mediates the negative associations of abusive supervision with employees' work engagement and job satisfaction.

Practical implications

The results suggest that organizational managers should provide supervisors with leadership interventions to prevent the occurrence of abusive supervision. Furthermore, organizational managers should provide employees with opportunities to voice their concerns through the use of organizational communication and participation, which can reduce employee silence and subsequently foster employee engagement and satisfaction at work.

Originality/value

This study advances our understanding of how abusive supervision results in poor work motivation and attitudes among employees. This contributes to the literature by identifying employee silence as a suitable mediating mechanism linking the negative associations of abusive supervision with employees' work engagement and job satisfaction.
Relationship between washing ratio and chromatic aberration
Authors: Ding Xuemei , Shao Fenjuan , Han Yutong , Wu Xiongying
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Denim, a common fade fabric, can present different degrees of fade under different washing conditions. The phenomenon is similar to the washing efficiency. This study aims to discuss the relationship between impact factors and washing efficiency as well as the color fastness.

Design/methodology/approach

JMP software was used to design different experiments and 40 experimental groups were obtained. Then Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to analyze the results about washing efficiency and chromatic aberration.

Findings

Results showed that washing temperature, washing time and rotation speed have an effect on color fastness after washing in turn. In a certain range, when washing temperature, washing time or rotation speed increases, color fastness gradually increases as well. These three washing parameters work on washing efficiency as well. After setting and analyzing the mathematical model, the R² between the three washing parameters and washing efficiency is 0.855 and the R² between the three washing parameters and the post-wash chromatic is 0.849. There is a correlation between “Washing Efficiency of Sebum RM (P)” and “Post-wash Chromatic aberration (Q)”.

Practical implications

Denim could be used in some tests in laboratories instead of sebum standard stain cloth.

Originality/value

This paper provides an indirect research and feasible method for exploring a new object instead of the standard pollution cloth in the test of related textile study in the future.
Fostering social capital: the case of community-owned pubs
Authors: Sforzi Jacopo , Bianchi Michele
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relationship between community-owned enterprises and social capital in urban neighbourhoods. Focussing on community-owned pubs (COPs), the paper investigates how social capital elements have a role in generating these innovative organizations, which foster benefits for community members.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative research based on data gathered through 23 semi-structured interviews, in an in-depth case study analysis of three COPs located in Carshalton, Nunhead and Tottenham (all suburbs of London).

Findings

The paper shows how COPs foster the creation and accumulation of social capital both among their members (bonding capital) and the people living in the neighbourhood (bridging capital). Because of their missions and governance models, COPs create linkages among different people and enable citizens to act together for the common good, thus strengthening the development of a local community and contributing to enhancing the urban regeneration process.

Originality/value

COPs are a recent trend, and there is a lack of scientific literature on this topic. The paper can help social scientists to understand new features of community development processes and the effects of the Localism Act (2011). Furthermore, the research can support organizations involved in assisting local communities, which aim to start up collective-owned pubs. It provides valuable scientific results, in relation to social aggregation and a positive impact on local contexts.
Fast head detection in arbitrary poses using depth information
Authors: Hacinecipoglu Akif , Konukseven Erhan Ilhan , Koku Ahmet Bugra
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This study aims to develop a real-time algorithm, which can detect people even in arbitrary poses. To cover poor and changing light conditions, it does not rely on color information. The developed method is expected to run on computers with low computational resources so that it can be deployed on autonomous mobile robots.

Design/methodology/approach

The method is designed to have a people detection pipeline with a series of operations. Efficient point cloud processing steps with a novel head extraction operation provide possible head clusters in the scene. Classification of these clusters using support vector machines results in high speed and robust people detector.

Findings

The method is implemented on an autonomous mobile robot and results show that it can detect people with a frame rate of 28 Hz and equal error rate of 92 per cent. Also, in various non-standard poses, the detector is still able to classify people effectively.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation would be for point clouds similar to head shape causing false positives and disruptive accessories (like large hats) causing false negatives. Still, these can be overcome with sufficient training samples.

Practical implications

The method can be used in industrial and social mobile applications because of its robustness, low resource needs and low power consumption.

Originality/value

The paper introduces a novel and efficient technique to detect people in arbitrary poses, with poor light conditions and low computational resources. Solving all these problems in a single and lightweight method makes the study fulfill an important need for collaborative and autonomous mobile robots.
Clay farms, paper presidents
Authors: Torres Heidi J.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings from a study that explored the use of art and visual production as a means through which 20 third-graders developed and represented their social studies understandings. The author describes the ways the process of visual production and the finished products illustrate the nature of the students' social studies learning.

Design/methodology/approach

The project was grounded in an inductive qualitative approach privileging student voice. This paper reports analysis and interpretation of multiple data sources, including photographs of students' projects, digital recordings of the visual productions and student interviews, as well as field notes and informal teacher conversations.

Findings

Results suggest that in the process of visual production and in their final pieces, students moved in fluid ways between making sense of new knowledge, developing important social studies skills, and representing their knowledge. More specifically, students used historical evidence to present humanized versions of history through personalized narratives. These outcomes suggest that the integration of art and visual production can be a valuable and effective way for students to develop and apply social studies skills as well as represent their understanding.

Originality/value

This study provides insight into how young children can use art and visual production to develop social studies skills, make sense of new knowledge, and represent their learning, contributing knowledge on an understudied topic and population in social studies education.
Critical factors impacting interdisciplinary university research teams of small size
Authors: Tkachenko Oleksandr , Ardichvili Alexandre
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explore key factors influencing the work of interdisciplinary university research teams of small size.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a multiple-case study of four interdisciplinary university research teams of small size in which science and/or engineering was an important component.

Findings

Data analysis revealed 17 critical factors classified into five groups. Although some factors were more influential than others, it was rather multiple factors at various levels of analysis, and not a single factor, that influenced the work of research teams. Another important finding was the identified need to develop project management capacity of university researchers. The study also revealed two strategies, conditioned on the availability of funds, that small university research teams use as a way to adapt to situational demands and research opportunities.

Originality/value

Although previous research examined various aspects pertinent to the work of industry research teams and large research groups, empirical research into interdisciplinary university research teams of small size has been limited.
Multiple dimensions of dietary diversity in large mammalian herbivores
Authors: Kartzinel Tyler R. , Pringle Robert M.
Published: March 2020

Theory predicts that trophic specialization (i.e. low dietary diversity) should make consumer populations sensitive to environmental disturbances. Yet diagnosing specialization is complicated both by the difficulty of precisely quantifying diet composition and by definitional ambiguity: what makes a diet ‘diverse’?

We sought to characterize the relationship between taxonomic dietary diversity (TDD) and phylogenetic dietary diversity (PDD) in a species‐rich community of large mammalian herbivores in a semi‐arid East African savanna. We hypothesized that TDD and PDD would be positively correlated within and among species, because taxonomically diverse diets are likely to include plants from many lineages.

By using DNA metabarcoding to analyse 1,281 faecal samples collected across multiple seasons, we compiled high‐resolution diet profiles for 25 sympatric large‐herbivore species. For each of these populations, we calculated TDD and PDD with reference to a DNA reference library for local plants.

Contrary to our hypothesis, measures of TDD and PDD were either uncorrelated or negatively correlated with each other. Thus, these metrics reflect distinct dimensions of dietary specialization both within and among species. In general, grazers and ruminants exhibited greater TDD, but lower PDD, than did browsers and non‐ruminants. We found significant seasonal variation in TDD and/or PDD for all but four species (Grevy's zebra, buffalo, elephant, Grant's gazelle); however, the relationship between TDD and PDD was consistent across seasons for all but one of the 12 best‐sampled species (plains zebra).

Our results show that taxonomic generalists can be phylogenetic specialists, and vice versa. These two dimensions of dietary diversity suggest contrasting implications for efforts to predict how consumers will respond to climate change and other environmental perturbations. For example, populations with low TDD may be sensitive to phylogenetically ‘random’ losses of food species, whereas populations with low PDD may be comparatively more sensitive to environmental changes that disadvantage entire plant lineages—and populations with low dietary diversity in both taxonomic and phylogenetic dimensions may be most vulnerable of all.