bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sun Valley
Authors: Cameron Bruce
Published: July 2018

Sun Valley is located within the Blue Mountains City Council local government area, hidden in the lower Blue Mountains near Springwood.The valley is the result of a strange geological formation known as a diatreme or volcanic vent. These volcanic remains have formed a landscape that is unique in the Blue Mountains. The surrounding sandstone is dry and rugged, while very rich soils and undulating country have provided excellent native grasslands and magnificent stands of mountain blue gum trees.The first people to visit Sun Valley were the Aboriginal clans crossing, and living in, the Blue Mountains. It is possible that both Dharug and Gundungurra people used the valley.
Norman Selfe (1839–1911)
Authors: Freyne Catherine
Published: July 2018

Norman Selfe was an engineer, naval architect, inventor, urban visionary and controversial advocate of technical education. Selfe's strenuous efforts in a number of causes went unrewarded during his life, but formed the basis of innovations later realised.
Surry Hills
Authors: Keating Chris
Published: July 2018

Surry Hills is one of those Sydney suburbs that has seen its stocks go up and down: it has been praised for its 'healthy breezes and beautiful views', but at other times damned as a squalid slum breeding crime and immorality. It has been home to colonial bluebloods in opulent villas and townhouses, but it has also sheltered the poor in dark basements and attics of appalling meanness. And for the Cadigal people, the original inhabitants of the land, the coming of the white men was an unmitigated disaster.
The Rocks
Authors: Karskens Grace
Published: July 2018

The Rocks is the historic neighbourhood on the western side of Sydney Cove. It rises steeply behind George Street and the shores of west Circular Quay to the heights of Observatory Hill. It was named The Rocks by convicts who made homes there from 1788, but has a much older name, Tallawoladah, given by the first owners of this country, the Cadigal people. Tallawoladah, the rocky headland of Warrane (Sydney Cove), had massive outcrops of rugged sandstone, and was covered with dry sclerophyll forest of pink-trunked angophora, blackbutt, red bloodwood and Sydney peppermint. The Cadigal probably burnt the bushland here to keep the country open. Archaeological evidence shows that they lit cooking fires high on the slopes, and shared meals of barbecued fish and shellfish. Perhaps they used the highest places for ceremonies and rituals. Down below, Cadigal women fished the waters of Warrane in bark canoes.
In this issue
Authors: Grahame Emma
Published: July 2018

The first issue of volume 2 of Sydney Journal appears in the midst of intense activity at the Dictionary of Sydney as we draw closer to the online implementation of the project. This issue contains five articles, including a biographical piece, the first published here. As in previous issues, some of Sydney's cultural groups appear in the Sydney's People section, and a selection of suburb histories can be found in the Sydney's Suburbs section.
Celebration of Anniversary Day to 1900
Authors: Coote Anne
Published: July 2018

The anniversary of the foundation of the colony at Sydney was celebrated from early in the nineteenth century. By mid-century, it had become an annual opportunity for a full range of entertainments all over Sydney.
Lesbians in Sydney
Authors: Jennings Rebecca
Published: July 2018

This article considers the long history of desire and sexual encounters between women in Sydney.
The Koreans in Sydney
Authors: Han Joy J , Han Gil-Soo
Published: July 2018

The Korean community in Sydney first became palpable in the early 1970s. The community has continued to expand in numbers and nature. This is reflected by various structures around which the Korean community in Sydney is organised. Notable organisations include over 150 Koreanlanguage Christian church congregations, multifarious business enterprises, and an established Korean language text and broadcast media which includes both local and imported materials and information.
The Lao in Sydney
Authors: Carruthers Ashley , Meuansanith Phouvanh
Published: July 2018

The Lao community of Sydney is small and close-knit, and concentrated in the outer southwest of the city. Lao refugees started to come to Australia following the takeover by the communist Pathet Lao in 1975, an event that caused some 10 per cent of the population to flee the country. The majority of the refugees fled across the Mekong River into Thailand, where they suffered difficult conditions in refugee camps, sometimes for years, before being resettled in Australia. Lao Australians have managed to rebuild a strong sense of community in western Sydney, and have succeeded in establishing two major Theravada Buddhist temples that are foci of community life.
Dawes Point
Authors: Fitzgerald Shirley
Published: July 2018

The promontory at the western end of Circular Quay was known to the Aboriginal people as Tar-Ra. It was chosen as the site for an observatory by Lieutenant William Dawes, who arrived with the first Europeans. Dawes came with a recommendation from the Astronomer Royal, Dr Nevil Maskelyne, and some instruments from the Board of Longitude, with which to study the heavens. The point was initially named Maskelyne Point, but as Dawes lived there while he was in the colony from 1788 until 1791, the area became known as Dawes Point.Dawes kept the colony's first meteorological records here, and it was also here that Dawes pinned the town's first clock to a rock face. He encouraged friendship with local Aboriginal people, including a young girl Pategarang, from whom he learned some of the language of the Cadigal people. Dawes's notebooks, held in the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London, remain one of the most precious records of the local language.
Dulwich Hill
Authors: Meader Chrys
Published: July 2018

Dulwich Hill, a suburb of the Marrickville local government area, is located seven kilometres south-west of Sydney. The traditional owners of the land were Cadigal of the Eora nation. The suburb is located on both sides of a ridge, and consists of a number of low hills, which were once heavily timbered. The lower land slopes towards Cooks River and was covered in dense ti-tree scrub.In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Dulwich Hill developed as a desirable residential district with a small village shopping centre and isolated but significant pockets of industry. It is a suburb shaped by twentieth-century subdivisions. Dulwich Hill has retained a village atmosphere, even with the late twentieth and early twenty-first century developments where former factory sites have been redeveloped for large apartment complexes. These complexes are themselves small villages within the suburb of Dulwich Hill.
Mortlake
Authors: Blaxell Greg
Published: July 2018

It is generally argued that the Aborigines who occupied the lands in what is now Mortlake and Breakfast Point were members of the Wangal clan. Their territory extended from Sydney Cove to Rosehill along the southern shore of the Parramatta River.The Parramatta River flows through several clan areas. Starting at the coast, the Cameragal (sometimes spelt Gamaragal or Cammeraygal) clan occupied the northern shores of the Harbour west to about the Hunters Hill region. From here, occupying the northern bank and extending as far as Parramatta, was the Wallumedegal (sometimes spelt Wallumattagal) clan. On the southern shore of the harbour from the coast to around Sydney Cove was the Cadigal clan while the clan occupying the southern bank from Sydney Cove to Rosehill, was the Wangal clan. Bennelong is thought to be a member of that clan. He claimed ownership of Goat Island (Me-mel) because he said that he had inherited it from his father.
Warriewood
Authors: Macleod Virginia
Published: July 2018

Warriewood is on Sydney's northern beaches, between Mona Vale and North Narrabeen, in the Pittwater local government area.This was once a 'wet' part of the coast. Lagoons and swamps were typical of the northern beaches and east coast of New South Wales. Narrabeen Creek flows through the middle of Warriewood, and Mullet Creek marks its southern boundary. Early nineteenth-century maps mark most of the land between the south-east corner of Pittwater across to Mona Vale Beach and south, including Warriewood Valley, as swamp. The local Guringai Aboriginal people would have found these swamps rich in food supplies – fish, birds, plants and naturally fresh water.
Children
Authors: Darian-Smith Kate
Published: July 2018

This article provides a brief overview of some of the experiences of children in Sydney since British colonisation.
In this issue
Authors: Grahame Emma
Published: July 2018

This fifth issue of Sydney Journal appears after a slight delay, a period which covers the online launch of our larger project, the Dictionary of Sydney at www.dictionaryofsydney.org. With six months of online operation, the project has bedded down well, attracting increasing interest from the media and the public and very healthy usage statistics.
Putney
Authors: Blaxell Gregory
Published: July 2018

Putney is one of 16 suburbs that form the City of Ryde. Its western boundary is Church Street (but not including the properties facing Church Street) from the Parramatta River to Morrison Road. Morrison Road generally forms the northern boundary but an additional area has been added so that the Putney shopping centre and the Putney Public School are within Putney. The added area includes Parry Street to Acacia Street then a line drawn north to the southern boundary of Tyagarah Park. The eastern boundary is a line drawn in an almost southerly direction from the eastern end of Tyagarah Park to the eastern shore of Morrisons Bay.At the time of the arrival of Europeans at Sydney Cove in January 1788 the Wallumedegal or Wallumede were the traditional owners of the area that they called Wallumetta. This clan formed part of a large Dharug language group.
Rozelle
Authors: Williams John
Published: July 2018

To her audiences of the 1960s, who knew it as slum housing for postwar migrant labour, Edna Everage, Australia's 'La Dame aux Gladiolas', lampooned Rozelle as the new resort of Australia's aspiring literati. More recently, Melbourne demographer Bernard Salt described the suburb as 'chick-city', a reference to the disproportionately large number of never-married female residents aged 24 to 35 recorded by the 2001 census, outnumbering local men in the same age group 1.26 to 1. Within Rozelle's retail hub, the recent proliferation of nail technicians, beauty salons, interior decorators, patisseries, and alfresco cafes avows not only that the suburb has gentrified, but also that it's chic.Variously known in its history as Balmain West and Balmain South, Rozelle occupies the south-western portion of a hilly inner-harbour peninsula west of Millers Point and north of Pyrmont and Glebe. The western slope of the main ridge joins Iron Cove and the eastern side slopes to the contiguous Johnstons, White, and Rozelle bays.
Governesses
Authors: Matthew Kate
Published: July 2018

Working as a governess was one of the few respectable occupations for middle-class women in the nineteenth century, but governesses were placed in a difficult social position, living with the families they worked for, but not being regarded as on the same level. The women who came to Sydney as governesses were the main providers of education for girls, and their roles and attainments changed as attitudes to women's education altered over the century. By the early decades of the twentieth century there were few governesses left in Sydney.
Sydney's first ice
Authors: Isaacs Nigel
Published: July 2018

Until the invention of reliable mechanical refrigeration, Sydney's only experience of ice was the American ice imported by ship in 1839-40, and 1853-56. Insulated with sawdust, and transported across the world by ship, the natural ice from the lakes of Massachusetts caused a sensation in Sydney summers.
Eastwood
Authors: McClymont Beverley
Published: July 2018

A train journey from Sydney Central to Strathfield and thence north on the Hornsby rail line will bring a traveller to the suburb of Eastwood, some 21 kilometres from the city. Leaving the train to travel on to Hornsby and stepping out of the station on the east or west side, the visitor will see a busy suburban shopping centre, illustrating the fact that Eastwood developed around the railway station when the service began in 1886. However, the town's history goes back to the eighteenth century and even to earlier times, when the Wallumedegal Aboriginal people lived in the territory bounded by the Lane Cove and Parramatta rivers. The people were part of the Dharug group and they called their country Wallumetta.
Cultural Policy Directions: Historical Narratives and Suburban Development in Campbelltown, Sydney
Authors: Stannard Penny
Published: July 2018

Campbelltown features heavily in the historical narrative of Sydney, and in the late twentieth century experienced an urban transformation that re-stamped it as a suburban part of greater Sydney. The changing environment experienced in Campbelltown has had significant implications across a broad public policy arena, including in the area of cultural policy as it is understood as public support for arts and cultural activity. This paper examines the history of cultural policy direction in Campbelltown to uncover the origins of the particular concern with local cultural activity driving a policy agenda of national recognition and what this meant for the cultural identity of Campbelltown as a modern, progressive outer-suburban place. The paper, which draws on a range of disciplines, explores the role that cultural policy has sought to have in interpreting, contesting and constructing the place identity of Campbelltown at particular moments in time.
Lesbian Spaces: Sydney, 1945-1978
Authors: Jennings Rebecca
Published: July 2018

Asking ‘What is lesbian Sydney?’ and ‘Where is it?’, this article traces the shifting spaces and places of lesbian Sydney in the first decades after the Second World War. In the 1940s and 1950s, when camp bars were overwhelmingly male, lesbians enjoyed a very limited public presence in the city. Many women created lesbian spaces in isolation from a wider community, discreetly setting up house with a female partner and gradually building up a small network of lesbian friends. Groups of women met in each other’s homes or visited the parks and beaches around Sydney and the Central Coast for social excursions. By the 1960s, lesbians were beginning to carve out a more visible public space for themselves at wine bars and cabaret clubs in inner suburbs such as Kings Cross, Oxford Street and the city, and the commercial bar scene grew steadily through the 1970s. However, the influence of feminist and lesbian and gay politics in the 1970s also prompted a rethinking of lesbian spaces in Sydney, with well-known lesbian collective houses challenging older notions of private space and political venues such as Women’s House and CAMP NSW headquarters constituting new bases for lesbian community.
Seeking Sydney From the Ground Up: Foundations and Horizons in Sydney’s Historiography
Authors: Karskens Grace
Published: July 2018

It was an essay by geographers Robyn Dowling and Kathy Mee on Western Sydney public housing estates in the 1950s and 1960s which prompted me to write that we need histories ‘from the ground up’. Dowling and Mee compared longstanding stereotypes of Western Sydney and public housing estates with real demographic profiles and the lived experiences of suburban people, stories that ‘highlight the social promise and ordinariness embedded in the building of estates’. Here was recognizable, human Sydney, full of ‘people doing things’, recovered from the condescension of almost everybody. In this article I want to first explore what ‘from the ground up’ has meant in my own work, and look at its implications for urban history more generally. Then I will trace some key movements and breakthroughs in Sydney’s urban historiography over the past half century, noting particularly what happens when close-grained research is fused with larger conceptual and theoretical approaches and models. My own approach to urban history ‘from the ground up’ is urban ethnographic history. The aim is Annales-inspired histoire total, for I seek to ‘see things whole, to integrate the economic, the social, the political and the cultural into a “total” history’. The Annales emphasis on space, and the perception, co-existence and interaction of different historical timescales, have of course been germane to the emergence of urban history since the 1960s, while cross-disciplinary exchange and thinking (something in which we bowerbird historians excel!) also lies at the heart of urban studies.
A Diminutive Enigma: New perspectives on Arthur Phillip, first Governor of New South Wales
Authors: Flynn Michael
Published: July 2018

A sardonic and private man, Arthur Phillip has always been an enigma. His private papers were mostly dispersed and lost, his origins were covered in obscurity and misinformation and few personal descriptions have survived. This essay examines the available information to consider Phillip's personal life and rumours about his death.
All-sky information content analysis for novel passive microwave instruments in the range from 23.8 to 874.4 GHz
Authors: Grützun Verena , Buehler Stefan A. , Kluft Lukas , Mendrok Jana , Brath Manfred , Eriksson Patrick
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We perform an all-sky information content analysis for channels in the millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelength with 24 channels in the region from 23.8 to 874.4 GHz. The employed set of channels corresponds to the instruments ISMAR and MARSS, which are available on the British FAAM research aircraft, and it is complemented by two precipitation channels at low frequencies from Deimos. The channels also cover ICI, which will be part of the MetOp-SG mission. We use simulated atmospheres from the ICON model as basis for the study and quantify the information content with the reduction of degrees of freedom (ΔDOF). The required Jacobians are calculated with the radiative transfer model ARTS. Specifically we focus on the dependence of the information content on the atmospheric composition. In general we find a high information content for the frozen hydrometeors, which mainly comes from the higher frequency channels beyond 183.31 GHz (on average 3.10 for cloud ice and 2.57 for snow). Considerable information about the microphysical properties, especially for cloud ice, can be gained. The information content about the liquid hydrometeors comes from the lower frequency channels. It is 1.69 for liquid cloud water and 1.08 for rain using the full set of channels. The Jacobians for a specific cloud hydrometeor strongly depend on the atmospheric composition. Especially for the liquid hydrometeors the Jacobians even change sign in some cases. However, the information content is robust across different atmospheric compositions. For liquid hydrometeors the information content decreases in the presence of any frozen hydrometeor, for the frozen hydrometeors it decreases slightly in the presence of the respective other frozen hydrometeor. Due to the lack of channels below 183 GHz liquid hydrometeors are hardly seen by ICI. However, the overall results with regard to the frozen hydrometeors also hold for the ICI sensor. This points to ICI's great ability to observe ice clouds from space on a global scale with a good spatial coverage in unprecedented detail.
The MIPAS/Envisat climatology (2002–2012) of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) volume density profiles
Authors: Höpfner Michael , Deshler Terry , Pitts Michael , Poole Lamont , Spang Reinhold , Stiller Gabriele , von Clarmann Thomas
Published: July 2018

Abstract. A global data set of vertical profiles of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) volume densities has been derived from Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) space-borne infrared limb measurements between 2002 and 2012. To develop a well characterized and efficient retrieval scheme, systematic tests based on limb-radiance simulations for PSCs from in-situ balloon observations have been performed . The finally selected wavenumber range was around 830 cm−1. Optical constants of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) have been used to derive maximum and minimum profiles of volume density which are compatible with MIPAS observations under the assumption of small, non-scattering and larger, scattering PSC particles. These max/min profiles deviate from their mean value at each altitude by about 40–45 %, which is attributed as the maximum systematic error of the retrieval. Further, the retrieved volume density profiles are characterized by a random error due to instrumental noise of 0.02–0.05 μm3 cm−3, a detection limit of about 0.1–0.2 μm3 cm−3 and a vertical resolution of around 3 km. Comparisons with co-incident observations by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite showed good agreement regarding the vertical profile shape. Quantitatively, in the case of supercooled ternary solution (STS) PSCs, the CALIOP dataset fits to the MIPAS retrievals obtained under the assumptions of small particles. Unlike for STS and NAT, in the case of ice PSCs the MIPAS retrievals are limited by the clouds becoming optically thick in limb-directions. In these cases, the MIPAS volume densities represent lower limits. Among other interesting features, this climatology captures the on-set of PSC formation very near to the South Pole, a process observed by no other instrument before with this spatial and temporal coverage. Further, the large variability of the PSC volume densities between different Arctic stratospheric winters is striking.
Using reference radiosondes to characterise NWP model uncertainty for improved satellite calibration and validation
Authors: Carminati Fabien , Migliorini Stefano , Ingleby Bruce , Bell William , Lawrence Heather , Newman Stuart , Hocking James , Smith Andrew
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The characterisation of errors and uncertainties in numerical weather prediction (NWP) model fields is a major challenge that is addressed as part of the Horizon 2020 Gap Analysis for Integrated Atmospheric ECV CLImate Monitoring (GAIA-CLIM) project. In that regard, observations from the GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) radiosondes are being used at the Met Office and European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to assess errors and uncertainties associated with model data. The software introduced in this study and referred to as the GRUAN Processor has been developed to collocate GRUAN radiosonde profiles and NWP model fields, simulate top-of-atmosphere brightness temperature at frequencies used by space-borne instruments, and propagate GRUAN uncertainties in that simulation. A mathematical framework used to estimate and assess the uncertainty budget of the comparison of simulated brightness temperature is also proposed. One year of GRUAN radiosondes and matching NWP fields from the Met Office and ECMWF have been processed and analysed for the purposes of demonstration of capability. We present preliminary results confirming the presence of known biases in the temperature and humidity profiles of both NWP centres. The night-time difference between GRUAN and Met Office (ECMWF) simulated brightness temperature at microwave frequencies predominantly sensitive to temperature is on average smaller than 0.1 K (0.4 K). Similarly, this difference is on average smaller than 0.5 K (0.4 K) at microwave frequencies predominantly sensitive to humidity. The uncertainty estimated for the Met Office – GRUAN difference ranges from 0.08 to 0.13 K for temperature sensitive frequencies and from 1.6 to 2.5 K for humidity sensitive frequencies. From the analysed sampling, 90 % of the comparisons are found to be in statistical agreement. This initial study has the potential to be extended to a larger collection of GRUAN profiles, covering multiple sites and years, with the aim of providing a robust estimation of both errors and uncertainties of NWP model fields in radiance space for a selection of key microwave and infrared frequencies.
Soils rich in biological ice-nucleating particles abound in ice-nucleating macromolecules likely produced by fungi
Authors: Conen Franz , Yakutin Mikhail V.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Soil organic
matter carries ice-nucleating particles (INPs) the origin of which is hard to
define and that are active at slight supercooling. The discovery and
characterization of INPs produced by the widespread soil fungus
Mortierella alpina permits a more targeted investigation of the
likely origin of INPs in soils. We searched for INPs with characteristics
similar to those reported for M. alpina in 20 soil samples from four
areas in the northern midlatitudes and one area in the tropics. In the
15 samples where we could detect such INPs, they constituted between 1 and
94 % (median 11 %) of all INPs active at −10 ∘C or warmer
(INP−10) associated with soil particles < 5 µm. Their
concentration increased overproportionately with the concentration of
INP−10 in soil and seems to be greater in colder climates. Large
regional differences and prevalently high concentrations allow us to make
inferences regarding their potential role in the atmosphere and the soil.
Description and Evaluation of the Community Ice Sheet Model
(CISM) v2.1
Authors: Lipscomb William H. , Price Stephen F. , Hoffman Matthew J. , Leguy Gunter R. , Bennett Andrew R. , Bradley Sarah L. , Evans Katherine J. , Fyke Jeremy G. , Kennedy Joseph H. , Perego Mauro , Ranken Douglas M. , Sacks William J. , Salinger Andrew G. , Vargo Lauren J. , Worley Patrick H.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We describe and evaluate version 2.1 of the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM). CISM is a parallel, 3D thermomechanical model, written mainly in Fortran 90/95, that solves equations for the momentum balance and thickness and temperature evolution of ice sheets. CISM's velocity solver incorporates a hierarchy of Stokes-flow approximations, including shallow-shelf, depth-integrated higher-order, and 3D higher-order. CISM also includes a suite of test cases, links to third-party solver libraries, and parameterizations of physical processes such as basal sliding and iceberg calving. The model has been verified for standard test problems, including the ISMIP-HOM experiments for higher-order models, and has participated in the initMIP–Greenland initialization experiment. In multi-millennial simulations with modern climate forcing on a 4-km grid, CISM reaches a steady state that is broadly consistent with observed flow patterns of the Greenland ice sheet. CISM has been integrated into version 2.0 of the Community Earth System Model, where it is being used for Greenland simulations under past, present and future climates. The code is open-source with extensive documentation, and remains under active development.
The [simple carbon project] model v1.0
Authors: O'Neill Cameron , Hogg Andrew McC. , Ellwood Michael , Eggins Stephen , Opdyke Bradley
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We construct a carbon cycle box model to process observed or inferred geochemical evidence from modern and paleo settings. The [simple carbon project] model v1.0 ("SCP-M") combines a modern understanding of the ocean circulation regime with the earth's carbon cycle. SCP-M estimates the concentrations of a range of elements within the carbon cycle for use in paleo reconstructions or future projections, by simulating ocean circulation, biological, chemical and atmospheric and terrestrial carbon cycle processes. In this paper we demonstrate the model's application primarily with analysis of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to Holocene carbon cycle transition, and also with the modern carbon cycle under the influence of anthropogenic emissions. The model is shown to be capable of reproducing both paleo and modern observations, and aligns with CMIP5 model projections. We conduct an atmospheric and ocean multi-proxy data-model parameter optimisation for the LGM and late Holocene periods, using the growing pool of published paleo atmosphere and ocean data for CO2, δ13C, Δ14C and carbonate ion proxy. The results provide strong evidence for an ocean-wide physical mechanism to deliver the LGM to Holocene carbon cycle transition. Alongside ancillary changes in ocean temperature, volume, salinity, sea ice cover and atmospheric radiocarbon production rate, changes in global overturning circulation, and, to a lesser extent Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, can drive the observed LGM and late Holocene signals in atmospheric CO2, δ13C, Δ14C, and the oceanic distribution of δ13C, Δ14C and carbonate ion proxy. Further work is needed on analysis and processing of ocean proxy data to improve confidence in these modelling results, but this preliminary use of SCP-M suggests that a solution to the LGM-Holocene dilemma is close at hand.
From regional to local SPTHA: efficient computation of probabilistic inundation maps addressing near-field sources
Authors: Volpe Manuela , Lorito Stefano , Selva Jacopo , Tonini Roberto , Romano Fabrizio , Brizuela Beatriz
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Site-specific Seismic Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (SPTHA) is computationally demanding, as it requires in principle a huge number of high-resolution numerical simulations for producing probabilistic inundation maps. We implemented an efficient and robust methodology that, based on the similarity of offshore tsunamis and hazard curves in front of a target site, uses a filtering procedure to reduce the number of numerical simulations needed, while still allowing full treatment of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. Moreover, near-field sources are identified, on the basis of the tsunami coseismic initial conditions, and treated separately to avoid biases in the tsunami hazard assessment. In fact, coastal coseismic deformation necessarily affects the tsunami intensity, depending on the scenario size, mechanism, and position. Therefore, we developed two parallel filtering schemes in the far- and the near-field, respectively. For near-field sources, offshore tsunami amplitude can not represent a proxy for the coastal inundation, and filtering is based on coseismic field. By comparison of the results obtained with and without the correction for the near-field sources, for a use-case at the Milazzo oil refinery (Sicily, Italy), we demonstrated that special treatment of local sources plays a fundamental role and is applicable in local scale SPTHA.
Exceedance frequency of appearance of the extreme internal waves in the World Ocean
Authors: Talipova Tatyana , Pelinovsky Efim , Kurkina Oxana , Giniyatullin Ayrat , Kurkin Andrey
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Statistical estimates of internal waves in different regions of the World Ocean are discussed. It is found that the observed exceedance probability of large-amplitude internal waves in most cases can be described by the Poisson law, which is one of the typical laws of extreme statistics. Detailed analysis of the statistical properties of internal waves in several regions of the World Ocean has been performed: tropical part of the Atlantic Ocean, northwestern shelf of Australia, the Mediterranean Sea near the Egyptian coast, and the Yellow Sea.
Snowfall versus sub-shelf melt: response of an idealized 3D
ice-sheet-shelf system to mass redistribution
Authors: Feldmann Johannes , Reese Ronja , Winkelmann Ricarda , Levermann Anders
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Surface accumulation and sub-ice-shelf melting are key drivers for the flow dynamics of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and are most likely to change under future warming which leads to 1) higher snowfall and 2) stronger melting below ice shelves. Here we carry out conceptual simulations in which an equilibrium ice-sheet-shelf system is perturbed such that the increased sub-shelf melting is compensated by enhanced snowfall. Although the net surface mass balance of the whole system remains unchanged, the redistribution of mass leads to a dynamic response of the ice sheet due to changes in ice thickness, surface slope, ice-shelf backstress and ice discharge. In particular, we show that such forcing can lead to the counter-intuitive situation of a retreating ice sheet which gains mass, thus having a negative sea-level contribution but smaller ice-sheet extent. The ice-sheet evolution and the corresponding steady states are investigated varying relevant parameters that affect ice properties and bed geometry as well as for different magnitudes of mass redistribution. Furthermore, the ice-sheet response is analyzed with respect to the pattern of applied melting, i.e., the area over which melting is distributed and the location where it is applied. We find throughout the ensemble of simulations that after two decades, melting at the lateral ice-shelf margins induces more ice-shelf thinning, resulting in stronger grounding line retreat and transient ice discharge compared to melting adjacent to the central grounding-line section. Analyzing changes in ice-shelf backstress with respect to changes in the ice-shelf length and mean thickness, respectively, we show that a thickness change has up to four times more influence on the backstress of the ice shelf than a length change.
New insights into the environmental drivers of the circumpolar
ground thermal regime
Authors: Karjalainen Olli , Luoto Miska , Aalto Juha , Hjort Jan
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The thermal dynamics of permafrost shape Earth surface systems and human activity in the Arctic and have implications to global climate. Improved understanding of the fine-scale variability in the circumpolar ground thermal regime is required to account for its sensitivity to changing climatic and geoecological conditions. Here, we statistically related circumpolar observations of mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and active-layer thickness (ALT) to high-resolution (~1 km2) geospatial data to identify their key environmental drivers. The multivariate models fitted well to MAGT and ALT observations with average R2 values being ~0.94 and 0.78, respectively. Corresponding predictive performances in terms of root mean square error were ~1.31 °C and 87 cm. Freezing air temperatures were the main driver of MAGT in permafrost conditions while thawing temperatures dominated when permafrost was not present. ALT was most strongly related to solar radiation and precipitation with an important influence from soil properties. Our findings suggest that in addition to climatic factors, initial ground thermal conditions and local-scale topography-soil-driven variability need to be considered in order to realistically assess the impacts of climate change on cold-climate geoecosystems.
Aerodynamic characterization of a soft kite by in situ flow
measurement
Authors: Oehler Johannes , Schmehl Roland
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Wind tunnel testing of large deformable soft kites for wind energy conversion is practically not feasible. Computational simulation of the coupled fluid-structure interaction problem is scientifically challenging and of limited practical use for aerodynamic characterization. In this paper we present a novel experimental method for aerodynamic characterization of flexible membrane kites by in situ measurement of the relative flow, while performing complex flight maneuvers. We find that the measured aerodynamic coefficients agree well with the values that are currently used for flight simulation of soft kites. For flight operation in crosswind maneuvers where the traction force is kept constant, the angle of attack and the apparent flow velocity exhibit opposite trends. For entire pumping cycles, the measurements show considerable variations of the aerodynamic coefficients, while the angle of attack of the kite varies in fact only in a narrow range. This finding questions the commonly used representation of aerodynamic coefficients as sole functions of the angle of attack and stresses the importance of aeroelastic deformation for this type of wing. Considering the effect of the power setting (identical to the trim) solely as a rigid-body pitch rotation does not adequately describe the aero-structural behavior of the kite. We show that the aerodynamic coefficients vary as functions of the power setting (trim) of the kite, the steering commands and flight direction.
Différences paramétriques dans les systèmes d'assignation du genre en L1 et conséquences sur sa maîtrise en L2
Authors: Pieters Tatiana
Published: July 2018

Notre étude se penche sur l’influence inter-linguistique des systèmes du genre grammatical (GG) de l’anglais et de l’allemand L1 sur la maîtrise du GG en français L2. Elle compare des productions orales de deux groupes d’apprenants FL2 de L1 différentes et d’un groupe de comparaison francophone. Les L1 sont convoquées sur la base de leur système d’assignation (SA) du genre, qui se distinguent du SA français selon des critères macro et micro paramétriques, c.à.d. du point de vue des genres distingués et des critères d’assignation (Corbett 1991). Elle pose comme point de départ que ces différences paramétriques en L1 conditionnent les performances d’assignation en FL2. Nos résultats indiquent premièrement que la maîtrise d’assignation est plus élevée chez les apprenants dont le SA de la L1 montre le moins de divergences paramétriques avec le système français. Deuxièmement, les apprenants dont la L1 ne possède pas de GG surassignent davantage le genre masculin.
Hum, operador de la interacción en español: valor y usos
Authors: Solís García Inmaculada , León Gómez Magdalena
Published: July 2018

Estudiaremos el funcionamiento de hum como palabra del microsistema de las partículas llamadas “cognitivas” en español, microsistema encargado de facilitar huellas sobre el proceso cognitivo de co-construcción de la interacción, orientando a los participantes sobre la fase en la que se encuentra la construcción o acerca de la actitud que manifiesta el enunciador sobre ella. Analizaremos los usos de hum en contexto para poder extraer el valor invariante que permita explicar el funcionamiento de esta partícula y compararla onomasiológicamente con otros elementos que forman parte del mismo microsistema (v.g. eh, ah, oh). Tras la descripción de las principales funciones de esta partícula en dos tipos de corpus españoles de lengua hablada (P.R.A.T.I.D. -Pragmatics Annotation Tool for Italian Dialogues, compuesto por un conjunto de conversaciones Task-Oriented - y C-Or-DiAL, Corpus Oral Didáctico Anotado Lingüísticamente, que recoge una serie de diálogos, conversaciones y entrevistas en situaciones cotidianas), se propone una hipótesis explicativa de su valor invariante desde la perspectiva de la interacción. Nuestro objetivo consiste en formular una hipótesis de su instrucción procedimental a partir de un limitado número de operaciones metalingüísticas que puedan dar cuenta de la variedad de funciones que esta partícula desempeña en los distintos contextos. Nuestra hipótesis explicativa toma en consideración una combinación de las instrucciones de dos signos diferentes: la duración en la realización de la partícula y el valor del morfema “m” que la configura.
Brasov 2018: 5th International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Linguistics: Structure, Use, and Meaning
Authors: Aplicada a la Comunicación Círculo de Lingüística
Published: July 2018

Brasov 2018: 5th International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Linguistics: Structure, Use, and Meaning
Madrid 2018: XVI Encuentros Complutenses en torno a la traducción- PaCor2018
Authors: Aplicada a la Comunicación Círculo de Lingüística
Published: July 2018

Madrid 2018: XVI Encuentros Complutenses en torno a la traducción- PaCor2018
Youth and the Politics of Religion in Morocco
Authors: Rosen Lawrence
Published: July 2018

The author gives an account of the young men and women who join the religiously oriented political groupings Al Adl and the PJD in contemporary Morocco. He stresses that these organizations are not hierarchically organized and do not simply direct their members' activities. Rather, they encourage a good deal of freedom of choice among their members. Indeed, the competition for members leads each movement to foster such choice. The result is an analysis from the perspective of those aged from their teens to their early thirties who have cast their lot with either of these two rather different organizations—one declared illegal by the regime and denying the monarchy's claim to religious oversight, the other receiving substantial support from the regime and so involved in party politics that it has held the Prime Minister's office for the past seven years. While essentially a study of a single country and the relation of its youth to several Islamic political organizations the author's analysis may be relevant to the study of Islamist parties elsewhere in the Arab world.
Black on the Outside, White on the Inside: Peter Abelard's Use of Race
Authors: McCluskey Colleen
Published: July 2018

In his reply to Heloise's complaints in the fourth of the so-called personal letters, Peter Abelard (a twelfth-century theologian) draws upon the figure of the Ethiopian queen from the biblical Song of Songs, who proclaims that she is black on the outside but beautiful on the inside. While some scholars have interpreted his discussion as a commentary on the persona of a nun, this article considers what Abelard's remarks might mean for understanding the development of the concept of race in Western thought. In particular, it considers whether Abelard's discussion, both in the letter and in his metaphysical writings, challenges the common (although not universal) position that Europeans did not develop a concept of race until at least the early modern period. It examines these texts to determine the extent to which his remarks reveal congruities or differences with later more explicit conceptions of race.
Reforming Racializing Bodily Habits: Affective Environment and Mindfulness Meditation
Authors: Leboeuf Céline
Published: July 2018

Much phenomenological work on race has focused on the bodily experiences of persons of color in white spaces or in the face of the white gaze. But comparatively little has been written about how to change these bodily experiences. This article fills this gap by discussing the perspective of those who enact bodily habits alienate persons of color, or what this article calls “racializing bodily habits.” It defends a novel path toward reforming these habits: the practice of mindfulness meditation. The key premise in this argument is that reforming racializing bodily habits requires that one transform one's perception of and affective responses to racialized others. It explains that mindfulness meditation slows our experience of time, thereby opening up the possibility for new affective responses, perceptual habits, and bodily habits. This article bases its argument on qualitative descriptions of mindfulness meditation and on empirical research on its effects.
Ruptures in Separate Spheres: Deconstruction of Cross-Gender Solidarity in George Noyes Miller's The Strike of a Sex and Annie Denton Cridge's Man's Rights
Authors: Galant Justyna
Published: July 2018

This article examines George Noyes Miller's The Strike of a Sex (1891) and Annie Denton Cridge's Man's Rights (1870) as dystopias attempting to depict the ideal of human equality achieved through cross-gender solidarity. The novels' inconsistencies are seen as resulting from an erosion of generic patterns, rhetorical strategies, and stereotypical characterizations as the authors seek to express new sentiments in a cultural ambience still governed by binary thinking and well-established beliefs. The result of the juxtaposition of the fossilized conventions and advanced, idealistic approaches produces a rudimentary form of dialogism where crucial roles are played by the imagery of separate spheres and the concept of boundary crossing, while the notion of cross-gender solidarity becomes the textual dominant of both works.
The Utopia of “Solidarity” Between Public Sphere and Counterpublics: Institutions of the Common Revisited
Authors: Majewska Ewa Alicja
Published: July 2018

This article argues that we need to see the utopian dimension of the early days of the “Solidarność” independent workers' union, created in August 1980 in Gdańsk, Poland, not as a nostalgically recalled event of the distant past, exceptional and therefore petrified as a remnant of past generations, but as a lively political inspiration for our theory and practice for the future. In order to discuss Solidarność as utopia, the article revisits the “proletarian counterpublics” of Kluge and Negt, seeking in their analysis an alternative to the highly elitist analysis of the bourgeois public sphere offered by Jürgen Habermas, which still constitutes the main reference for public articulation of oppositional political will. This article asserts that between the Solidarność counterpublic practice and today there is an intergenerational pact, a weak messianism, to explore: not merely a nostalgic one but with a vision of the future.
Desire, Friendship, and the Politics of Refusal: The Utopian Afterlives of La Boétie's Discourse on Voluntary Servitude
Authors: Mazzocchi Paul
Published: July 2018

In charting out a prehistory of the “new utopian spirit,” this article explores the utopian afterlives of Étienne de La Boétie's Discourse on Voluntary Servitude. La Boétie's text has exercised an important influence on a number of scholars who have contributed to the critical rethinking of utopia, centrally Miguel Abensour, Pierre Clastres, Gustav Landauer, and Pierre Leroux. By exploring their appropriations of the text, the article aims to understand the contribution La Boétie has made to a critical conception of utopia. This emerges centrally in the understanding of the relationship between desire, friendship, and refusal, particularly when connected to the dialectic of emancipation and the problem of plurality.
Non-parametric Test Analysis on a Questionnaire Investigation for Rare Sugars
Authors: Ishii Yasuo , Takeyasu Hiromasa , Takeyasu Daisuke , Takeyasu Kazuhiro
Published: July 2018

The Rare Sugars exist naturally and have many kinds (more than 50). They have good effect for health such as prevention of increasing the blood-sugar level after eating, suppression of fat accumulation, suppression of increasing the blood pressure, and anti-oxidative effect etc. It is in the spotlight for many people especially for those who are in the metabolic syndrome. There are few related papers concerning the marketing research and its utilization of this matter. In this paper, a questionnaire investigation is executed to the student of Kagawa Junior College in order to clarify consumers’ current condition and their consciousness, and to seek the possibility of utilizing the Rare Sugars. Fundamental statistical analysis and Non-Parametric Test Analysis are performed. Some interesting and instructive results were obtained.
Arbeidsvermogensschade van jonge kinderen
Authors: Karimi I.
Published: July 2018

Arbeidsvermogensschade van jonge kinderen. Naar een nieuwe wijze van schadeberekening vanuit het perspectief van gelijkebehandelingswetgeving

Op grond van het huidige wettelijke systeem heeft de Nederlandse rechter de ruimte om bij de begroting van verlies van arbeidsvermogen van jonge kinderen te differentiëren naar al hun persoonlijke kenmerken. Daar waar het gaat om persoonlijke kenmerken op basis waarvan het verboden is om onderscheid te maken, levert dit een spanningsveld op met gelijkebehandelingswetgeving. In deze bijdrage worden alternatieve benaderingen verkend. Gekeken zal worden in hoeverre de Nederlandse alternatieven aansluiten bij de normen zoals neergelegd in de Grondwet en Europese regelgeving.