bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 2-Year Follow-up May Not be Enough to Accurately Evaluate Recurrences After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: A Long-term Assessment of 272 Patients With a Mean Follow-up of 10.5 Years
Authors: Rossi Luciano Andrés , Pasqualini Ignacio , Huespe Iván , Brandariz Rodrigo , Fieiras Cecilia , Tanoira Ignacio , Ranalletta Maximiliano
Published: January 2023

Background:

There is a great discrepancy between the rates of recurrent instability reported after arthroscopic Bankart repair in relation to the follow-up time.

Purpose:

To analyze the rate of recurrences after arthroscopic Bankart repair in the long term, emphasizing whether a minimum follow-up of 2 years is adequate to assess this outcome.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Between January 2008 and April 2013, a total of 356 athletes underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior glenohumeral instability at our institution. Return to sports, the Rowe score, the Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), and the Athletic Shoulder Outcome Scoring System (ASOSS) were used to assess functional outcomes. We analyzed the proportion of recurrences before and after 4 years of follow-up. Additionally, we performed a Kaplan-Meier analysis to evaluate recurrence-free time in patients with a recurrence.

Results:

The mean follow-up was 10.5 ± 1.6 years, and the mean age was 20.8 ± 3.9 years. In total, 90% of patients were able to return to sports; of these, 91% returned to their preinjury level of play. The Rowe, SSV, and ASOSS scores showed a statistical improvement after surgery ( P < .01). The proportion of patients with a recurrence during the follow-up period was 25% (95% CI, 20%-31%; n = 70), and the mean time until a recurrence was 3.8 ± 2.6 years. Only 39% of the recurrences (95% CI, 30%-48%) occurred in the first 2 years after surgery, while 61% (95% CI, 50%-73%) occurred in the first 4 years after surgery.

Conclusion:

In our study, the effectiveness of Bankart repair to stabilize the shoulder decreased significantly over time. Indeed, less than half of the recurrences occurred after 2 years of follow-up. Therefore, we propose that the recommended minimum follow-up should be 4 years; otherwise, it is very likely that the actual rate of recurrences will be significantly underestimated.
The Influence of Industry Affiliation on Randomized Controlled Trials of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ta Canhnghi N. , Vasudevan Rajiv , Mitchell Brendon C. , Keller Robert A. , Kent William T.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Industry funding and corporate sponsorship have played a significant role in the advancement of orthopaedic research and technology. However, this relationship raises concerns for how industry association may bias research findings and influence clinical practice.

Purpose:

To determine whether industry affiliation plays a role in the outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Study Design:

Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A search of the PubMed, Cochrane, and MEDLINE databases for RCTs published between 2011 and the present comparing PRP versus hyaluronic acid, corticosteroid, or placebo for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis was performed. To determine industry affiliation, the conflict of interest, funding, and disclosure sections of publications were assessed, and all authors were assessed through the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons disclosure database and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services open payments database. Studies were classified as industry affiliated (IA) or non–industry affiliated (NIA). The outcomes of each study were rated as favorable, analogous, or unfavorable according to predefined criteria.

Results:

A total of 37 studies (6 IA and 31 NIA) were available for analysis. Overall, 19 studies (51.4%) reported PRP as favorable compared with other treatment options, while 18 studies (48.6%) showed no significant differences between PRP and other treatment methods. There was no significant difference in qualitative conclusions between the IA and NIA groups, with the IA group having 3 favorable studies and 3 analogous studies and the NIA group having 16 favorable studies and 15 analogous studies ( P = .8881). When comparing IA versus NIA studies using 6- and 12-month Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and International Knee Documentation Committee scores, there were no significant differences in outcomes.

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrated that qualitative conclusions and outcome scores were found to not be associated with industry affiliation. Although the results of this study suggest that there is no influence of industry involvement on RCTs examining PRP, it is still necessary to carefully evaluate pertinent commercial affiliations when reviewing recommendations from studies before adopting new treatment approaches, such as the use of PRP for knee osteoarthritis.
The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Second Edition: Measurement Invariance for Dual Language Learners
Authors: Shergill Gagan , Camozzi Hailey , O’Malley Meagan D. , Ortiz Arlene
Published: January 2023

The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, 2nd Edition (CTOPP-2; Wagner et al., 2013) is commonly used in k-12 public schools to assess basic cognitive processing skills foundational for reading achievement. Psychometric support for its use with dual language learners (DLLs), a group representing over 10% of the school-aged population in the United States, is critical. This study tested the metric and scaler invariance of CTOPP-2 scores among school-aged children ( n = 242; 41.3% Spanish-speaking DLL). Results indicate that the CTOPP-2’s three-factor (i.e., Phonological Awareness, Phonological Memory, and Rapid Automatic Naming) measurement structure displays metric and scalar invariance for DLLs. Model fit was improved when the Phonological Awareness and Phonological Memory factors were combined. Implications for future research and the practice of psychoeducational diagnostic assessment with DLLs are discussed.
Assessment of a Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program for Nursing Home Staff
Authors: Demesmaeker Alice , Baelde Nicolas , Amad Ali , Roche Jean , Playe Marie , Vaiva Guillaume , Amariei Alina , Blervaque Wanda , Defebvre Marguerite Marie , Caron Brigitte , Puisieux Francois , Plancke Laurent
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Older adults have one of the highest age‐specific suicide rates in France, and the risk of suicide is higher for those living in nursing homes. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of gatekeeper training for nursing home staff on the knowledge and stigmas towards suicidal crisis and the impact on suicidal behaviour rates.

Method

A total of 427 nursing or administrative staff from 110 nursing homes received gatekeeper training in the Hauts-de-France French region between September 2016 and June 2018. First, knowledge and stigmas on suicidal crisis were assessed through a pretest and posttest survey. Second, a retrospective survey was conducted to determine suicide behaviour rates before and after training in nursing homes. Then, changes between pre- and posttraining scores and suicide rates were evaluated with a paired samples T test and rate difference calculation ( P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant).

Results

A total of 315 trainees completed the questionnaires on knowledge and stigmas related to suicidal crisis, and we found a significant difference in the total scores ( P < 0.01). Moreover, we found a significant decrease in the incidence of suicide attempts (SAs) after training ( P = 0.002), but the incidence of deaths by suicide was not significantly different prior to and after the training course ( P = 0.46).

Conclusion

We highlighted an improvement in knowledge and stigmas after training and a reduction in the rates of SAs with our gatekeeper suicide prevention program. Future research is needed to improve suicide prevention for nursing home residents.
Attitude path design and adaptive robust tracking control of a remote sensing satellite in various imaging modes
Authors: Zarourati Mohammad , Mirshams Mehran , Tayefi Morteza
Published: January 2023

This paper addresses the attitude path design of a remote sensing satellite in various imaging modes. The novel path design algorithm is based on local polynomial regression, which produces a smooth attitude path by receiving the size and timing of maneuvers in each axis according to the desired imaging mode. This algorithm is described for stereo and snapshot modes in an imaging operation. The adaptive robust tracking control (ARTC) law is designed using quaternion algebra to perform the required maneuvers in an attitude path. The ARTC structure includes a sliding mode strategy, a projection-based adaptive model compensation, and a linear feedback term. Suitable conditions for imaging in each mode and the time of taking the image are determined by defining and evaluating the attitude control indices. These indices are defined by the half-cone error along the payload line of sight and relative performance error as a jitter with a 3-sigma confidence level. Despite the challenges in the path design, such as smoothness, system agility, and finite time realization of indices, in a conventional stereo imaging mode, taking an image in the nadir-pointing attitude is neglected. As a result, our work provides suitable conditions for taking the image in this attitude with an interval of 1.2 s. Finally, numerical simulations and verification are performed using multidisciplinary simulation, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and model-based ARTC law.
Evidence That Event Boundaries Are Access Points for Memory Retrieval
Authors: Michelmann Sebastian , Hasson Uri , Norman Kenneth A.
Published: January 2023

When recalling memories, we often scan information-rich continuous episodes, for example, to find our keys. How does our brain access and search through those memories? We suggest that high-level structure, marked by event boundaries, guides us through this process: In our computational model, memory scanning is sped up by skipping ahead to the next event boundary upon reaching a decision threshold. In adult Mechanical Turk workers from the United States, we used a movie (normed for event boundaries; Study 1, N = 203) to prompt memory scanning of movie segments for answers (Study 2, N = 298) and mental simulation (Study 3, N = 100) of these segments. Confirming model predictions, we found that memory-scanning times varied as a function of the number of event boundaries within a segment and the distance of the search target to the previous boundary (the key diagnostic parameter). Mental simulation times were also described by a skipping process with a higher skipping threshold than memory scanning. These findings identify event boundaries as access points to memory.
The transcript NR 134251.1 of lncRNA APTR with an opposite function to all transcripts inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating proliferation and apoptosis-related genes
Authors: Yu Jinyi , Li Shuting , Shen Simin , Zhou Qian , Yin Jinyao , Zhao Ruihuan , Tan Jingwen , Jiang Chenglan , He Yuefeng
Published: January 2023

Arsenic (As) exposure has been a global public health concern for hundreds of millions worldwide. LncRNA APTR (Alu-mediated p21 transcriptional regulator) plays an essential role in tumor growth and development. However, its function in arsenic-induced toxicological responses is still unknown. In this study, we found that the expressions of all transcripts and the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR were increased in a dose-dependent manner in 16HBE cells treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Silencing the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. However, silencing all transcripts of APTR had the opposite function to the transcript NR 134251.1. Then we examined the protein level of the proliferation and apoptosis-related genes after silencing the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR. The results showed that silencing the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR up-regulated the expression of transcription factor E2F1 and regulated its downstream genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis, including p53, phospho-p53-S392, phospho-p53-T55, p21, Cyclin D1, PUMA, Fas, Bim, BIK, Caspase-3, Caspase-7, and Cyt-c. In conclusion, arsenic induced APTR expression and the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR have an opposite function to all transcripts, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of arsenic exposure.
The association of serum magnesium with infection in new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Yang Wenfang , Lian Xuejian , Chen Hongpu
Published: January 2023

Objective

To assess the association of serum magnesium with infection in new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods

We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of new-onset SLE patients from 2012 to 2021. The hospitalized SLE patients were divided into infection and noninfection groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of hypomagnesemia with infection.

Results

A total of 476 new-onset SLE patients were included, with 299 cases in the infection group and 177 cases in the noninfection group. The patients were mostly females (81.7%). The average age at diagnosis was 43.7 years. The median duration was 1.0 month. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia (<0.70), normomagnesemia (0.70–1.10), and hypermagnesemia (>1.10) in new-onset SLE patients was 14.3%, 83.4%, and 2.3%, respectively. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was 18.4% in the infection group and 7.3% in the noninfection group ( p = .001). The baseline value of serum magnesium was 0.819 mmol/L, with values of 0.799 mmol/L in the infection group and 0.854 mmol/L in the noninfection group ( p = .000). The following clinical variables were significantly different between the two groups ( p < .05): age, duration, hospitalization stay, fever, serositis, and SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI 2K). The laboratory parameters, including hemoglobin, white blood cell count, albumin level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and complement C3 were also significantly different between the two groups ( p < .05). The mortality was 4.4% (21/476), with 20 cases occurring in the infection group. Logistic regression analysis showed that hypomagnesemia was associated with an increased risk of infection ( p = .001) and poor prognosis ( p = .015).

Conclusion

Hypermagnesemia was rare in new-onset SLE patients. Hypomagnesemia was common and was associated with an increased risk of infection in new-onset SLE patients.
Progesterone Enhances the Invasion of Trophoblast Cells by Activating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway to Prevent Preeclampsia
Authors: Liu Hongyu , Yu Ling , Ding Yiling , Peng Mei , Deng Yali
Published: January 2023

We aimed to explore whether the effect of progesterone on preeclampsia via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. First, we studied the role of progesterone in preeclampsia patients and HTR-8/Svneo cells by adding progesterone. Then PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was added. The effects of progesterone on preeclampsia were also studied in animals by constructing a preeclampsia rat model. CCK-8 and Transwell assay were applied to measure cell viability and invasion ability. ELISA was performed to measure progesterone, MMP-2, MMP-9, pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 levels. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes in uterine spiral artery. Western blot was performed to detect Cyclin D1, PCNA, MMP-2, MMP-9, inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway related proteins AKT, p-AKT, PI3K, and p-PI3K expressions. Progesterone could reduce blood pressure and urine protein in pregnant women with preeclampsia. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were decreased, but IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, cyclin D1, and PCNA levels were increased in pregnant women with preeclampsia after using progesterone. After the use of progesterone, the symptoms of the PE model group were improved. Among them, the lumen of the placental uterine spiral artery was enlarged, and the fibrinoid necrosis of the uterine wall and acute atherosclerotic lesions were relieved. In addition, progesterone promoted HTR-8/Svneo cells proliferation and invasion. However, high expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, p-AKT, and p-PI3K in Normal and preeclampsia groups caused by progesterone was weakened after adding LY294002, indicating that progesterone could activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to regulate HTR-8/Svneo cells. Progesterone decreased urine protein and blood pressure of preeclampsia rats in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, progesterone activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibited the inflammatory response in preeclampsia rats.
Caring for family members following suicide: Professionals’ experiences of responsibility
Authors: Vatne May Elise , Nåden Dagfinn , Lohne Vibeke
Published: January 2023

Background

When a patient commits suicide while hospitalized in the psychiatric ward, the mental healthcare professionals (MHCPs) who have had the patient in their care encounter the family members immediately following the suicide. Professionals who encounter the bereaved in this first critical phase may have a significant impact on the grieving process. By providing ethically responsible and professionally competent care, they have the opportunity to influence what can alleviate and reduce suffering and promote health in a longer perspective.

Aim

The aim of this study is to investigate MHCPs’ experiences in the encounter with family members who has been bereaved by suicide.

Methods

Data material consists of text from in-depth interviews with six MHCPs belonging to a total of five different psychiatric units in two hospitals. The findings have emerged through analysis using a hermeneutical approach based on Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by the Ombudsman for Privacy of the Norwegian Social Science Data Services and is based on informed consent and confidentiality.

Findings

Three themes emerged: Confirming the suffering. Creating encounter through dialogue. Providing consolation and reconciliation. Findings illuminate how MHCPs understand their responsibilities and how they act in the encounter with the bereaved following suicide.

Conclusion

The participants appear to be led by the responsibility that grows through witnessing the suffering of the bereaved. Encountering the family member’s aggression and threats against staff members is an ethical challenge to the professional’s ability to confirm the bereaved, create dialogue and provide consolation and reconciliation at the start of their grieving process. MHCPs need to be aware of the different reactions and needs of family members following suicide. More research is needed about how to provide sensitive and flexible care in ways that can be perceived as helpful for those left behind.
Exploring the ethics of physical restraints: Students’ questioning
Authors: Tanaka Maki
Published: January 2023

Background

Physical restraints are routinely employed to ensure patient safety in Japanese acute care. Little is known about nursing students' perspectives and how they begin to question their value and knowledge in the face of restraint experiences in clinical practice.

Objective

To investigate nursing students’ questions about patient restraints and how they understand the ethics of the use of restraints in nursing.

Research design

Qualitative descriptive research using narrative analysis.

Participants and research context

Experiential data were generated and thematically analyzed from semi-structured interviews with 16 nursing students who had completed their bachelor’s degree program requirements.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by academic and clinical ethics agencies. Participants provided written informed consent.

Results

Physical restraints were encountered in 16 incidents, 3 with children and 13 with older patients with dementia. Students struggled to comprehend the policies and protocols of restraint use and worried their use was primarily for security rather than therapeutic purposes. Five themes were identified: (1). Questioning the tension between person-centered care, patient autonomy, and restraints, (2). Questioning the nature of restraints in which participants analyzed the policies and protocols around restraint use, (3). Questioning the professional nursing self whereby students reflected on how restraint use challenged their nursing values, and (4). Questioning professional nursing practice, in which students explored how restraints fit within a nursing perspective and positioned themselves as patient advocates. Students encountering physical restraints should ask questions based on values of patient-centeredness, autonomy, and advocacy. There is a need for education that facilitates reflection and questioning so that it informs students’ ethical thinking which may enhance nurse advocacy to reduce restraint use.

Conclusions

Restraints provide contexts in which students must face tensions between nursing values and clinical reality. Further research on nursing education strategies within non-psychiatric settings is needed to reduce physical restraints.
Meaning of Hospice Care: Perceptions of Patients and Families
Authors: Wallace Cara L. , Coccia Kathryn , Khoo Yit Mui , Bullock Karen
Published: January 2023

Background: About half of hospice-eligible adults die without hospice each year. Misconceptions about hospice are frequently identified as barriers to utilization, but hospice perceptions are not well documented. Objectives and Setting/Subjects: To examine perceptions of hospice (initial and post-enrollment) among 90 U.S. patients/families actively enrolled in a large, metropolitan hospice in Texas, and to identify factors associated with participant perceptions. Design and Measurement: Concurrent mixed methods and cross-sectional design collecting data via research questionnaire with Likert scales and open-ended questions. Wilcoxon signed-rank test determined differences between recall of initial hospice perceptions at time of referral and perceptions while actively receiving services; Fisher’s exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine bivariate relationships between perceptions of hospice and satisfaction with physician communication and demographic variables. Qualitative statements were analyzed using an inductive, content analysis approach. Results: There was a significant difference between participants’ perceptions of hospice recalled from initial conversations compared with current perceptions following hospice enrollment (z = −6.44, P < .01). Initial perceptions of hospice were significantly related to satisfaction with physician communication ( P = .011) and diagnosis ( P = .019). Qualitative themes range from negative (ie hospice = death) to positive (ie comfort, support, loving staff) with 65.6% of participants demonstrating positive increases in understanding. Conclusion: Participants’ perceptions of hospice were positively associated with satisfaction with physician communication prior to hospice enrollment, and potentially impacted by the experience of care itself. During hospice discussions, clinicians should elicit patient and family perceptions in addition to providing descriptions of eligibility and services.
Genre and Metagenre in Biomedical Research Writing
Authors: Wickman Chad
Published: January 2023

The use of reporting guidelines is an established yet still-evolving practice in the field of biomedicine. These documents are often linked to common methodologies (e.g., randomized clinical trials); they include multiple textual artifacts (e.g., checklists, flow diagrams) and have a history that is coextensive with the emergence and ongoing development of evidence-based medicine (e.g., as an epistemological orientation to research and decision making). Drawing on the concept of metagenre, this article examines how practitioners use reporting guidelines to define and regulate the boundaries of biomedical research and writing activity. The analysis, focusing on one prominent set of guidelines, shows how practitioners use the genre–metagenre dynamic to promote strategic intervention while upholding traditional principles and standards for evidence-based research and communication.
Treatment of Asymmetric Crying Face by Fascia lata Grafting
Authors: Lei Bowen , Huang Qinghua , Li Binghang , Ma Hengyuan , Yang Bin
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate and discuss the plastic surgery treatment of asymmetric crying face.

Methods

From 2019 to 2022, 60 patients with asymmetric crying face were treated by fascia lata grafting. We evaluated the postoperative improvement, summarized experiences and reviewed literatures about the treatment of asymmetric crying face.

Results

59 patients showed varying degrees of improvement in the movement of the affected corner of mouth, and no complications were found during the follow-up period of 6 months to 24 months.

Conclusions

The cause of asymmetric crying face is still uncertain. Fascia lata grafting has shown a certain effect in the treatment of asymmetric crying face. This study evaluated this method with quite large sample. More researches are needed to explore the most appropriate treatment for asymmetric crying face.
Decrease in Prevalence of Cleft lip, Alveolus and Palate After Nationwide Introduction of the Second-Trimester Anomaly Scan in the Netherlands
Authors: Smit Johannes A. , Bax Caroline J. , Vermeij-Keers Christl , Trenning Bert A.H. , de Bakker Bernadette S. , Breugem Corstiaan C.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Some studies have suggested that introducing a second-trimester anomaly scan (SAS) leads to increased rates of termination of pregnancy (TOP) in fetuses with orofacial clefts (OFCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a nationwide introduction of SAS on the prevalence of live births with OFCs in the Netherlands.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary setting.

Population

Included in the study were all patients diagnosed with OFCs as recorded in the “Dutch Association for Cleft Palate Anomalies” database between 1997 and 2019.

Interventions

Patients were divided into three categories: cleft lip with or without alveolus (CL/A), cleft lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP) and cleft palate (CP) based on anatomical landmarks at the first consultation.

Main outcome measures

Prevalence rates of OFCs before and after the nationwide introduction of the SAS on January 1, 2007 were compared.

Result

Overall, 1899 patients were diagnosed with CL/A, 2586 with CLAP and 2927 with CP. The prevalence of clefts before and after introduction of the SAS did not differ ( P = 0.85). The prevalence of CL/A decreased ( P = 0.04), and that of CLAP decreased ( P = 0.01) and that of CP increased ( P = 0.02).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a significant decrease in the prevalence of CL/A and CLAP after introduction of the SAS. However, due to an increase in CP, the prevalence of all patients born with OFCs has not changed in the Netherlands between 1997 and 2019.
Comparison of the Paranasal Sinus Features of Paediatric Patients with and Without Cleft Palate: A CBCT Study
Authors: Tunç Hamit , Ünsal Gürkan
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study is performed to compare the paranasal sinus volumes in paediatric unilateral cleft palate (UCP) and healthy patients.

Methods

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 80 patients (40 boys, 40 girls) with UCP and 80 healthy individuals (40 boys, 40 girls) were evaluated. Paranasal sinus volumes were segmented and measured using ITK-SNAP software. Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired sample t-test and student t-test were performed for statistical analysis.

Results

The volumes of ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid sinus on the cleft side were not significantly different than the non-cleft side (p>0.05) in UCP patients. Maxillary sinus volume of the cleft side in UCP patients was significantly lower than the non-cleft side (p<0.05). Mean maxillary sinus volume in UCP patients was 11825.23±509.95 mm3 at the cleft side and 13497.85±358.07 mm3 at the non-cleft side. While the mean volumes of ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses of patients with UCP were not significantly different from healthy individuals (p>0.05), the mean volumes of maxillary and frontal sinuses were significantly lower than healthy individuals (p<0.05). The mean maxillary sinus volume in UCP patients was 25323±597.8 mm3 and 26666±874.3 mm3 in the control group. The mean frontal sinus volume in UCP patients was 5633±323.1 mm3 and 5735±315.2 mm3 in the control group.

Conclusions

UCP caused a significant reduction in maxillary and frontal sinus volumes. The results of the current study show that paranasal sinus volumes in patients with UCP should be examined in more detail to make more risk-free and effective treatment plans.
Models for Predicting Velopharyngeal Competence Based on Speech and Resonance Errors and Velopharyngeal Area Estimation
Authors: Scarmagnani Rafaeli Higa , Lohmander Anette , Salgado Manoel Henrique , Fukushiro Ana Paula , Trindade Inge Elly Kiemle , Yamashita Renata Paciello
Published: January 2023

Objective

To develop tools for predicting velopharyngeal competence (VPC) based on auditory-perceptual assessment and its correlation with objective measures of velopharyngeal orifice area.

Design

Methodological study.

Participants and Methods

Sixty-two patients with repaired cleft palate, aged 6 to 45 years, underwent aerodynamic evaluation by means of the pressure-flow technique and audiovisual recording of speech samples. Three experienced speech-language pathologists analysed the speech samples by rating the following resonance, visual, and speech variables: hypernasality, audible nasal air emission, nasal turbulence, weak pressure consonants, facial grimacing, active nonoral errors, and overall velopharyngeal competence. The correlation between the perceptual speech variables and velopharyngeal orifice area estimates was analysed with Spearman's correlation coefficient. Two statistical models (discriminant and exploratory) were used to predict VPC based on the orifice area estimates. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to verify the clinical applicability of the models.

Results

There was a strong correlation between VPC (based on the orifice area estimates) and each speech variable. Both models showed 88.7% accuracy in predicting VPC. The sensitivity and specificity for the discriminant model were 92.3% and 97.2%, respectively, and 96.2% and 94.4% for the exploratory model.

Conclusion

Two predictor models based on ratings of resonance, visual, and speech variables and a simple calculation of a composite variable, SOMA (Eng. “sum”), were developed and found to be efficient in predicting VPC defined by orifice estimates categories based on aerodynamic measurements. Both tools may contribute to the diagnosis of velopharyngeal dysfunction in clinical practice.
Unraveling a Major Burden of Orofacial Clefts Analyses: Classification of Cleft Palate Fistulas by Cleft Surgeons
Authors: Houkes Ruben P. , Smit Johannes A. , Lachkar N. , Tse Raymond , Breugem Corstiaan C.
Published: January 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate how cleft surgeons classify palatal fistulas. We focused on three different anatomical locations (ie, hard palate, soft palate, junction hard/soft palate) to analyze agreement/disagreement at various anatomical locations.

Design

Cross-sectional survey study.

Participants

Participants in an international webinar that focused on palatal fistula treatment were included.

Intervention

Participants were presented with a survey pre- and post-webinar.

Main outcomes

Frequency of used classification systems for classifying oronasal fistulas and the inter-rater reliability of the Pittsburgh classification system.

Results

A total of 141 participants completed the questionnaires prior to the webinar and 109 participants completed the survey after the webinar. In total, four classification systems were used (ie, Pittsburgh, Pakistan Comprehensive Fistula Classification [PCFC], anatomical and ‘other’). The Pittsburgh classification was the most commonly used system in all cases. However, Pittsburgh inter-rater reliability was low (κ = 0.136 pre-webinar, and κ = 0.174 post-webinar). Surprisingly, a substantial shift was observed from the anatomical to Pittsburgh classification after the webinar, indicating increased awareness of the usability of the Pittsburgh classification system.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a large heterogeneity with regards to the classification of cleft palate fistulas. Interestingly, a shift was observed from the anatomical to Pittsburgh classification after the webinar. However, the inter-rater reliability for using the Pittsburgh classification was low. Classifying palatal fistulas in a homogenous fashion could enhance comparison of primary palate repair and could improve treatment of palatal fistulas.
Job Desperation: Scale Development and Construct Validation
Authors: Stevenor Brent A. , Zickar Michael J.
Published: January 2023

We introduce a new construct to the vocational behavior literature: job desperation. Job desperation is defined as a state of despair in which a person feels pressure to find a new job, has a negative evaluation of his/her current employment situation, and will go to extreme lengths to find a new job. Using self-determination theory, we provide a theoretical rationale for job desperation . Across two studies, we developed and validated the job desperation scale (JDS). In Study 1, we generated a pool of items and evaluated them using a combination of psychometric techniques including item response theory. In Study 2, we examined the construct validity of the JDS. Results suggest that job desperation is a strong predictor of job search behavior, predicting unique variance in job search behavior over and above other relevant antecedents such as financial strain and job insecurity. We believe job desperation adds to and expands our knowledge of the antecedents of job search behavior by serving as a unique and relevant explanation for why people search for jobs.
Fondaparinux Sodium: Recent Advances in the Management of Thrombosis
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert M.
Published: January 2023

Fondaparinux sodium is a chemically synthesized selective factor Xa inhibitor approved for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolic events, that is, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and superficial vein thrombosis, in acutely ill (including those affected by COVID-19 or cancer patients) and those undergoing surgeries. Since its approval in 2002, the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux is well demonstrated by many clinical studies, establishing the value of fondaparinux in clinical practice. Some of the advantages with fondaparinux are its chemical nature of synthesis, minimal risk of contamination, 100% absolute bioavailability subcutaneously, instant onset of action, a long half-life, direct renal excretion, fewer adverse reactions when compared with direct oral anticoagulants, and being an ideal alternative in conditions where oral anticoagulants are not approved for use or in patients intolerant to low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). In the last decade, the real-world use of fondaparinux has been explored in other conditions such as acute coronary syndromes, bariatric surgery, in patients developing vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and in pregnant women with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), or those intolerant to LMWH. The emerging data from these studies have culminated in recent updates in the guidelines that recommend the use of fondaparinux under various conditions. This paper aims to review the recent data and the subsequent updates in the recommendations of various guidelines on the use of fondaparinux sodium.
Stability analysis of a digital hierarchical steering controller of autonomous vehicles with multiple time delays
Authors: Bartfai Andras , Voros Illes , Takacs Denes
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the lane-keeping control of autonomous vehicles with an emphasis on the digital delayed nature of the system. The vehicle dynamics are represented using a kinematic bicycle model, and a hierarchical lane-keeping controller is introduced with multiple delays in the feedback loop. An extension of the semidiscretization method is presented, in order to perform the stability analysis of the digitally controlled vehicle with multiple discrete time delays. The differences between the continuous approximation and the exact consideration of discrete time delays are highlighted. We show that in certain cases, neglecting the effects of quantization can lead to significant inaccuracies, especially when tuning the lower-level controller. The results are verified using a series of small-scale laboratory experiments.
Mixed precision LU factorization on GPU tensor cores: reducing data movement and memory footprint
Authors: Lopez Florent , Mary Theo
Published: January 2023

Modern GPUs equipped with mixed precision tensor core units present great potential to accelerate dense linear algebra operations such as LU factorization. However, state-of-the-art mixed half/single precision LU factorization algorithms all require the matrix to be stored in single precision, leading to expensive data movement and storage costs. This is explained by the fact that simply switching the storage precision from single to half leads to significant loss of accuracy, forfeiting all accuracy benefits from using tensor core technology. In this article, we propose a new factorization algorithm that is able to store the matrix in half precision without incurring any significant loss of accuracy. Our approach is based on a left-looking scheme employing single precision buffers of controlled size and a mixed precision doubly partitioned algorithm exploiting tensor cores in the panel factorizations. Our numerical results show that compared with the state of the art, the proposed approach is of similar accuracy but with only half the data movement and memory footprint, and hence potentially much faster: it achieves up to 2× and 3.5× speedups on V100 and A100 GPUs, respectively.
Ageing changes in retinal outer nuclear layer thickness and cone photoreceptor density using adaptive optics-free imaging
Authors: Matlach Juliane , Mulholland Padraig , Cilkova Marketa , Chopra Reena , Shah Nilpa , Redmond Tony , Dakin Steven C , Garway-Heath David F , Anderson Roger S
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To investigate age-related changes of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and cone density, and their associations in healthy participants using a modified, narrow scan-angle Heidelberg Retina Angiograph (HRA2).

Methods

Retinal cones were imaged outside the fovea at 8.8° eccentricity and cone density was compared to ONL thickness measurements obtained by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) at the same locations. Fifty-six eyes of 56 healthy participants with a median age (interquartile range, IQR) of 37 years (29–55) were included.

Results

Median (IQR) cone count was 7,472 (7,188, 7,746) cones/mm2 and median (IQR) ONL thickness was 56 (52, 60) µm for healthy participants. Both cone density and ONL thickness were negatively associated with age: cone density, R2 = 0.16 (F(1,54) = 10.41, P = 0.002); ONL thickness, R2 = 0.12 (F(1,54) = 7.41, P = 0.009). No significant association was seen between cone density and ONL thickness (R2 = 0.03; F(1,54) = 1.66, P = 0.20).

Conclusion

Cone density was lower, and ONL thinner, in older compared to younger participants, therefore, image-based structural measures should be compared to age-related data. However, cone density and ONL thickness were not strongly associated, indicating that determinants of ONL thickness measurements other than cone density measurements, and including measurement error, have a major influence.
Expressions of identity by Aboriginal young peoples’ stories about historical trauma and colonisation within the Gamilaroi Nation
Authors: Smallwood Reakeeta
Published: January 2023

On Country, Aboriginal young people yarned with an Aboriginal woman about historical trauma as a result of colonisation. Data analysis was achieved through place-based meaning using a Gamilaroi (an Aboriginal nation located in the north-western plains of New South Wales) practice called winanga-li (to listen, to hear, to know, and to remember). Where this was strengthened by the use of an abductive analysis from a standpoint that is reflective of Country and relationality. Aboriginal young people expressed historical trauma through their understandings of how it has impacted their identity. Young peoples’ experiences of identity are varied, fluid, ever-changing, and highly dependent on their experiences within various spaces. These experiences potentially strengthened or unsettled young peoples’ identities, creating both strength and disruption socially. This article emphasises young peoples’ insights, offering hope and a way forward for future generations guided from within and by connection to Country, culture, Elders, and community.
Do media systems matter? A comparative study of editorials on the migration crisis in the UK, German and Greek traditional press
Authors: Maniou Theodora A , Moutselos Michalis
Published: January 2023

This study compares the editorial coverage of the 2015 migration crisis in major centre-left and centre-right newspapers in three European countries affected (the UK, Germany and Greece). We test the empirical validity of the ‘national media-system’ hypothesis, and in particular the hypothesised characteristics of the different media systems these countries represent through a systematic content analysis of all editorials referring to the issue of migration/asylum for the period 2015–2016. For the purposes of data collection, we develop an original coding scheme that combines concepts and categories from the extant literature on media systems, as well as the literature on migration-related news frames. Our findings largely confirm the relevance of media-system characteristics in the coverage of the crisis, although UK editorials are markedly more polarised than expected. We also find that there was no consensus-based editorial coverage in the initial phase of the crisis.
Translating Interviews, interpreting lives: bi-lingual research analysis informing less westernised views of international student mobility
Authors: Qun Zhao , Carey Neil
Published: January 2023

There are increasing instances in which researchers study their migrant co-nationals in one language but report their research findings in another language. This raises significant issues regarding the mediating role played by bilingual researcher-translators when translating research data: the decisions they make when bringing the Other’s world to their readers, and the strategies they adopt when making such decisions. These issues of data translation, as well as the unique experiences of the researcher-translators and the valuable knowledge that they generate from this process, have not yet been given adequate attention in the academic literature. In response, this article explores a translation analysis which allows the researcher-translator to reflect in detail on the methodological challenges that researcher-translators are likely to encounter. Introducing Poblete’s five operations of translation, we highlight the processes that the researcher-translator adopts in recognising, reflecting and negotiating with the (un)translatability of culturally embedded linguistic expression. Focusing on International Student Mobility (ISM) as a particular instance of research translation/analysis as cultural mediation, we demonstrate how our intention to attune to students’ own ISM journey in their own language reverberates in the mediation and interventions the researcher-translator conducted through the translation analysis. The article thus emphasises how translating interview scripts as part of the research is more than seeking linguistic correspondence, it is also about understanding non-western lives and life-words through a second-language.
Adapting the socio-cultural adaptation scale (SCAS-R) to Arabic: A study on the Syrian migrants living in Gaziantep province of Türkiye
Authors: Keser Ahmet , Yalçin Önder , Gökmen Yunus
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate the validity, reliability, and Arabic language equivalence of the Socio-cultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS-R) created by Colleen Ward and Antony Kennedy (1999) and revised by Jessie Wilson (2013). A sample group of 424 Syrian Migrants (18 years and older) living in Gaziantep province of Türkiye from different neighborhoods, economic status, and socio-demographic backgrounds are included in the research, and the scale is examined via commonly used validity and reliability analysis methods. It is obtained that the Cronbach’s Alpha of the items is higher than 0.7 and the corrected item-total correlations are above the threshold value (0.2) in item analysis, nearly 69% of the total variance is explained by 5 factors in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and the Goodness of Fit Indexes (χ2/sd = 1.521, CFI = 0.958, and SRMR = 0.048) are within the good/acceptable range in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). It has been understood that the SCAS-R is a valid and reliable scale for Arabic culture. The results of this study may provide a valuable tool for policymakers, researchers, and humanitarian workers studying migration issues.
Rethinking the Phantasmagoria: an enclosure and three worlds
Authors: Casetti Francesco
Published: January 2023

The Phantasmagoria was not just a spectacle based on projections of images of ghosts and monsters. Relying upon new archival findings, this article claims that the Phantasmagoria was instead an optical–environmental dispositive that combined an enclosed space with the exploration of three worlds: the otherworld of the Dead, the physical world of Nature, and the inner world of spectators’ Interiority. While its ultimate goal was to provide an unconventional map of the three domains that were of the greatest interest at the time, its combined interest in a spatial arrangement and a visual address suggests the need for a new, rhizomatic archaeology in which to include the screen-based dispositives.
The Haitian zombie motif: against the banality of antiblack violence
Authors: Dubuisson Darlène
Published: January 2023

The circulation and consumption of the images of suffering and lifeless black bodies is a longstanding feature of US visual media. Since each archive of suffering and dead black bodies operates within specific histories, discourses, and affective relationships, this article examines a particular collection of images: the Time magazine photos of the 2010 Haiti earthquake victims. The article argues that the photos evoke the uncanny by using the Haitian zombie motif – an image of ‘monstrous’ black racial difference. The article traces the photos’ elicitation of the uncanny in two ways: one, it highlights how the images produce self/other slippages and thus affirm the uncanny; and two, it examines the insidious and violent ways these slippages dehumanize, dismember, and dispossess those depicted to produce a ‘negative familiarity’ for the non-black observer, thus lending to the banality of antiblack violence. The article ends with a call for ‘radical empathy’ to combat this violence.