bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological, Clinical characteristics and Drug resistance situation of Culture-confirmed Children TBM in Southwest of China: A 6-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Author) Dong-Mei Wang(Former Corresponding , Li Qing-Feng , Zhu Ma , Wu Gui-Hui , Li Xi , Xu Yuan-Hong , Zhong Jing , Luo Jia , Li Ying-Jie , Ying Bin-Wu , Author) Chuan-Min Tao(New Corresponding
Published: December 2019

Background : Sichuan is a province located in southwestern China, which have a higher incidence of tuberculosis (TB).This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as drug resistance in culture-confirmed children with Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) in Southwest of China. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on children (<14 years old) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture-confirmed TBM between January 2013 and December 2018 at Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu (PHCCC). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug sensitivity testing (DST) was performed using the MicroDST TM method. The age, gender, family history of tuberculosis, status of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, residential areas information, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Client 25.0, and the change in drug resistance rate was examined using the Cruskal-Wallis test. Results: Among 319 patients clinically diagnosed with TBM, 42 cases were Mycobacterial culture-positive, with a positive rate of 13.2 per 100 patients. Their median age was nine years, and the distribution was equal among female and male patients. Among 42 patients who were enrolled in the study, 1/42 (2.38%) passed away. Children with TBM were concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan, where 34/42 (81.0%) patients with TBM were ethnic minorities, and only 2/42 (4.76%) received BCG vaccination in the past. Chest X-rays changes were observed in all patients. Fever and headache were the most common presenting symptom. Thirty-five (83.3%) patients suffered from neck stiffness, and 30/42 (71.4%) had high CSF pressure. DST results showed that the resistance rate was high; resistance to any anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) was observed in 13 (31.0%) patient isolates, while multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) were found in 2 (4.8%) and 1 (2.4%) patients, respectively. Conclusions : TBM among children in Southwest China was mainly concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, and neck stiffness and all patients had positive chest X-ray findings. In addition, high rates of drug resistance were found; and more than 95% of patients did not receive BCG vaccination at birth.ΦΦΦ
Stochastic frontiers of efficiency for Brazilian investment funds: a panel data analysis
Authors: Ferruz Agudo Luis , Serafim Tusi da Silveira João , Knebel Baggio Daniel , Nícolas Schneider Isoé , Margarete Baccin Brizolla Maria
Published: December 2019

Foundations, methodological and empirical possibilities of measurement and analysis in the performance of financial investments within investment funds have been developed since they were once introduced in the 1970s, thus establishing a path of growing acceptance in financial markets and universities’ academies. The first approaches over the efficiency of these funds, considering their stochastic implications, occurred in the late 1990s and have evolved with the help of SFA – Stochastic Frontier Analysis, although it still needs more careful verification. This article measured and analyzed the stochastic frontier of efficiency over 33 different Brazilian investment funds from 2012 to 2015. For doing so, Battese and Coelli’s (1995) specifications was used. It shows the effects of inefficiencies, which are defined as explicit functions of specific factors in the context of panel data funds. They are estimated by the maximum likelihood method. Sharpe ratios (SR) were also calculated for comparative purposes. Based on these two indicators (SFA and SR), the most recommendable funds to invest and the ones in which the application should not be performed were identified. Such procedures have stimulated the necessary and promising studies, as well as future researches, which, in turn, may establish new methodological formulation as an efficient and effective instrument to choose the best and the safest funds to invest.
Underground sewage treatment plant: a summary and discussion on the current status and development prospects
Authors: Sun Shichang , Lin Huihua , Lin Junhao , Quan Zonggang , Zhang Peixin , Ma Rui
Published: December 2019

Increases in the global population and urbanization have made people's demand for rational development and utilization of urban underground space (UUS) increasingly urgent. The underground sewage treatment plant (USTP) plays an important role in sustainable urbanization as part of the UUS. Nevertheless, problems such as high operating costs and large safety hazards still restrict the development of the USTP. In this paper we intend to summarize the current application of the USTP, reflecting the specific and novel aspects of the USTP, and also some technology drawbacks and main process update problems, providing some development suggestions. To do this, essential information on USTPs globally is simply and clearly revealed under due diligence, providing a development process for the USTP and making a prediction for its future development. Furthermore, combined with the main treatment process and ecological value analysis, we give a valid view of the good application prospects of the USTP, which provides a reference for the future construction of USTPs.
Creation of educational complexes as a method of ensuring preschool education accessibility and compliance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard for preschool education
Authors: Gavrilova E. A. , Bulaeva N. A.
Published: December 2019

The goal of this study  is to transmit the project results contributing to ensuring the education system effective management by improving the education quality, to achieve the continuity of preschool and educational organizations educational programs, including ensuring the territorial accessibility of educational organizations.

Materials and research methods.  The research was based on the results of work performed within the project “Analysis of changes in the education system related to the network restructuring, educational organizations enlargement and educational centers creation, including preschool educational organizations”. The methods used within the research are: analysis and synthesis, deduction (induction), search method, fixation and comparison, survey method, statistical processing of information, selecting experts and expert judgment, competencies, discussion, organizing events, Internet channels technical support, network communication with “instant” access to information; material presentation (problem, contextual), description, developing the material structure, inclusion method, structuring, proofreading the text material, preparing the content of the material, design method, determining an effective style solution, acquisition method, design and placement method and others.

Results of the research.  The urgent issues of preschool education modernization related to the process of creating educational complexes are disclosed. The main reasons for the reorganization of preschool educational institutions are considered, the regional practices characterized by the most effective organization and functioning of educational complexes are presented.

Conclusion.  The main trends of the preschool organizations development as part of educational complexes are presented, including managerial actions aimed at improving the educational services quality, which allows citizens to exercise their right to an affordable preschool education that meets the requirements of the federal state educational standard for preschool education.
Methodical bases of development of material support of troops (forces) outside the Russian Federation
Authors: Stulov S. V. , Mokrousov A. S.
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study. The main purpose of this research is to develop a methodological basis for material support of groups of troops (forces) on the territory of a foreign state in a military conflict.

Materials and methods. The following methods are used: a systematic approach to the study and development of methodological foundations to improve the efficiency of material support of troops (forces) outside the Russian Federation; methods of economic analysis, analytical, statistical, logical, linguistic and graphical methods; applied general scientific and specific methods of substantiation of the concept: abstraction and concretization, historical and logical, as well as methods of graphic and mathematical modeling, factor analysis.

Results. The technique of development of material support of group of troops (forces) operating in the territory of the foreign state in the conditions of the military conflict is developed. Factors of influence on the process of formation and management of the assortment of commercial and household support for a group of troops (forces) operating outside the Russian Federation are systematized. Exogenous and endogenous factors of formation of parameters of trade and household (sales and service) network of the divisions providing grouping of troops (forces) in the territory of the foreign state are offered. The assortment policy of divisions of material support of the contingent of troops (forces) operating in the territory of the foreign state as the systematized set of the purposes, tasks and the main directions of formation of the trade and household range planned by the management of this group and staff of logistics of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is defined.

Conclusion. Material support activities require consideration of the principles and conceptual frameworks that determine their sustainability and effectiveness. The initial stage of formation and development of system of material support of the military personnel outside the Russian Federation, dynamism of external factors of the environment of providing divisions and high degree of commercial risk (for all subjects of process of commodity circulation), demand continuous tracking or dynamic adequate decisions in the sphere of operational management of implementation of strategy of development of material support regarding formation of assortment policy.
Features of proteomic profi le of blood serum of children with bronchial asthma who underwent perinatal central nervous system damage
Authors: Lebedenko A. A. , Afonin A. A. , Loginova I. G. , Semernik O. E. , Gunko V. O. , Alliluev I. A. , Larichkin A. V.
Published: December 2019

Objective: proteomic analysis of blood serum of children with bronchial asthma with a history of indication of the pathology of the perinatal period.

Materials and methods: a comprehensive examination of children suffering from asthma and patients of the control group using proteomic analysis of blood serum was carried out. Proteomic analysis of blood serum was performed using two-dimensional high-resolution gel electrophoresis followed by staining of gels with fl uorescent dye and time-of-fl ight MALDI mass spectrometry. The proteins were identifi ed using Mascot MS peptide fi ngerprint analysis algorithm and Swiss-Prot protein database.

Results: comparative analysis of the proteomic profi le of blood serum of children with pathology of the central nervous system in the perinatal period and developed in the subsequent bronchial asthma and control group patients allowed to establish that number proteins products were reduced in this disease. The proteins in the molecular mass range 16-33 kDa (p<0.05) were identifi ed: glutathione peroxidase 3, transthyretin and system components compliment С4В and C3.

Conclusion: modifi cation of the production of these proteins indicates the presence of damage at the molecular level, leading to metabolic and functional disorders in the body of a patient with asthma having a history of indicating the pathology of the perinatal period.
Features of adaptive immunity in children with moderate acute urticaria
Authors: Maltsev S. V. , Sizyakina L. P. , Lebedenko A. A.
Published: December 2019

Objective: to study the state of adaptive immunity in children with moderate acute urticaria.

Materials and methods: 139 children with moderate acute urticaria were examined. Clinical methods included analysis of anamnestic data, objective examination of the child. Immunological methods of investigation included determination of t-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte populations by fl ow cytofl uorometry, circulating immune complexes by spectroturbidimetry, determination of secretory IgA, IgA, IgM, IgG, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17 by enzyme immunoassay of blood serum.

Results: the analysis of adaptive immunity parameters in children with moderate acute urticaria revealed activation of humoral immunity, reduction of early activation and apoptotic readiness of lymphocytes, reduction of secretory IgA, increase in circulating immune complexes, high levels of IL-17.

Conclusion: the revealed changes indicate an imbalance in the functioning of the adaptive link of the immune system, activation of the cytokine cascade of infl ammation, which is accompanied by further activation of the regulatory components of the infl ammatory process
The substantiation of measures to optimization of nutrition for teenagers studying at residential educational establishments
Authors: Belik S. N. , Zhukova T. V. , Kharagurgieva I. M. , Zhuravlyov P. V. , Maksimov O. L. , Avetisyan Z. E. , Kryuchkova V. V.
Published: December 2019

Purpose: to study the actual nutrition and to prove measures for its optimization at the disabled children of middle school age living in residential school of 8th type.

Materials and methods: 29 pupils of residential school of the 8th type at the age of 12-13 years are examined. Calculations of the chemical composition and energy value of diets ware made with use of the program of the analysis of a condition of food of the person, version 1.2.4 registered by the Russian Agency of Patents and Trademarks 09.02.2004 No. 2 004 610 397 of Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientifi c Research Institute of Food of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Th e statistical analysis of data was carried out by means of the Statistica 6.0 program.

Results: among children with day stay in school (the 1st group) persons with defi ciencies of consumption of energy and the main nutrients meet considerably more oft en (from 50.0% to 90.0%), than among peers of the 2nd group (round-the-clock stay in school) (from 0.0% to 26.3%). At boys of the 1st group the trend of relative defi ciency in a diet on energy, protein, fats and carbohydrates is revealed (from 10.3% to 28.8%), and at girls relative defi ciency of energy, protein and carbohydrates was noted (from 5.6% to 26.3%; on fats – excess for 21.4%). On the contrary, at boys of the 2nd group the excess on energy and, especially, fats (for 46.2%) was noted and at girls the excess on indicators of energy, protein, fats and carbohydrates was observed (from 23.4% to 88.3%).

Conclusion: the revealed violations defi ned the list of measures for optimization of food of children who have to be realized within sanitary and educational work with parents.
An App for Identifying Children at Risk for Developmental Problems Using Multidimensional Computerized Adaptive Testing: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Hsu Chen-Fang , Chien Tsair-Wei , Chow Julie Chi , Yeh Yu-Tsen , Chou Willy
Published: December 2019

Background

The use of multidomain developmental screening tools is a viable strategy for pediatric professionals to identify children at risk for developmental problems. However, a specialized multidimensional computer adaptive testing (MCAT) tool has not been developed to date.

Objective

We developed an app using MCAT, combined with Multidimensional Screening in Child Development (MuSiC) for toddlers, to help patients and their family members or clinicians identify developmental problems at an earlier stage.

Methods

We retrieved 75 item parameters from the MuSiC literature item bank for 1- to 3-year-old children, and simulated 1000 person measures from a normal standard distribution to compare the efficiency and precision of MCAT and nonadaptive testing (NAT) in five domains (ie, cognitive skills, language skills, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and socioadaptive skills). The number of items saved and the cutoff points for the tool were determined and compared. We then developed an app for a Web-based assessment.

Results

MCAT yielded significantly more precise measurements and was significantly more efficient than NAT, with 46.67% (=(75-40)/75) saving in item length when measurement differences less than 5% were allowed. Person-measure correlation coefficients were highly consistent among the five domains. Significantly fewer items were answered on MCAT than on NAT without compromising the precision of MCAT.

Conclusions

Developing an app as a tool for parents that can be implemented with their own computers, tablets, or mobile phones for the online screening and prediction of developmental delays in toddlers is useful and not difficult.
Bahasa Jepang Sebagai Bahasa Asing -Pemahaman Pembelajar Terhadap Kala-
Authors: Hermawan Gede Satya
Published: December 2019

In Indonesian to express time in the past, present, and future only indicated by time adverbs, and no conjugation in the verb. The first-year Japanese language education learners in the Ganesha  University of Education, when they began to understand tenses in Japanese, it was seen that the concept of tenses in Indonesian was interference. The not only verb conjugation in Japanese is an obstacle, but the understanding of concepts Japanese tenses has also become a problem for learners. This paper will explain to the understanding of first-year Japanese language learners when applied Japanese tenses. This research is experimental research, where learners will be given two sentences, and asked to explain the differences. If the learner understands the concept of the Japanese tenses, the learner will find the difference from the time of the event in the sentence. There were 22 learners first-year Japanese language learners who were the subjects of the research. The results obtained are the first-year Japanese language learners of the Ganesha University of Education,  most of whom have not shown a good understanding of the use of Japanese tenses, this is indicated by the number of learners who are right in explaining that there are four people from 22 learners.
A Tsunami-Related Life History of Survivors in Banda Aceh, Indonesia and Sendai, Japan
Authors: Suwignyo Agus
Published: December 2019

In tsunami risk-reduction programs the survivors’ life history provides first-hand information about how they responded during and after a catastrophe. However, knowledge of tsunami-related experiences is not always systematically managed and institutionally communicated across generations. Some risk reduction programs lack of informed knowledge of tsunami-related experiences and consequently tend to be insensitive towards survivors’ life history. The aim of this paper is to examine how tsunami survivors constructed their tsunami-related knowledge and collective memories, taking the cases of Banda Aceh, Indonesia after the 2004 tsunami and Sendai, Japan after the 2011 tsunami. This paper, in particular, seeks to explore how the survivors’ experience helped to institutionalize their tsunami-related knowledge in a transferrable risk-reduction consciousness. Using first-hand interviews as well as interview recordings which were accessible online, this paper argues that in both cases of tsunami survivor cohorts, knowledge of tsunami-related experience was constructed through survival strategies and recovery processes in the aftermath of the events. Knowledge of survival strategies was constructed over time; and the longer period from the time of event, the more tacit the knowledge was. The process of knowledge construction was systematic in the Sendai case but was vernacular in the Banda Aceh case. However, in both cases the need for more engaged institutional communication between the government agencies and the people was evident.
Más acá de la divinidad absoluta:
Authors: Marcos Jairo
Published: December 2019

Victims enable a liberation of religions and demand consequent religions for liberation. Raised from the peripheries (mainly those opened by Gianni Vattimo, Enrique Dussel and Boaventura de Sousa Santos), this article considers the last dimension from a multicultural and interreligious transformer schedule, in which God empties, becoming minor, and victims become the ultimate criterion of religiosity. This decentralization does not automatically deny the other infinite nor does it adopt the infinite nothingness, but rather it postpones that question to prioritize religiosity from the we-others, the victims. The religious is dispelled from the capital Truth, as it happens with other existential spheres of humanity. By this way, it appears a religious pluriverse woven beyond absolute Divinity, but at the same time beyond a naive worldwide dialogue between religions.
Differentiation and Decoding of the Spatial Modulations of Textures by the Multilayer Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Yavna Denis V. , Babenko Vitaly V. , Stoletniy Alexander S. , Shchetinina Daria P. , Alekseeva Dariya S.
Published: December 2019

The paper constitutes a short review of the second-order visual mechanisms studies. Their contribution to the process of the visual attention controlling is being of great interest today. Basic and neural network approaches in the modeling of the second-order visual mechanisms are discussed. The authors report the results of network training when modulated textures were used as training sets, and also present, as an example, the architecture of fast-learning classifier with accuracy more than 98% on test set. The representations obtained through learning are demonstrated. The results of convolutional autoencoders’ training to extract the envelope of the textures, that are modulated in contrast, orientation, and spatial frequency, are presented as well. The successful learning architectures are given as examples. The authors assume that using of convolutional networks in the modeling of the second-order visual mechanisms provides the great perspective, while the results can be used in the algorithms of saliency maps development.
DENEYSEL ARKEOLOJİ VE KÜLTÜREL YAŞAM
Authors: TÜRKOĞLU Ülkü
Published: December 2019

Geçmişten bu güne kadar yaşamsal olguların belli çerçevelerde gelişim ve değişim süreçlerini daha iyi analiz etmek için 19. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren arkeolojik çalışmalarda yenilenen bakış açılarıyla ortaya çıkan çeşitli uygulamalar deneysel arkeolojinin temellerini atmıştır. Buluntuların arkeolojik araştırmalarda kullanılma amacı ile ilgili fikirleri desteklemek ve kanıtlamak için nesnenin estetik kaygı, fonksiyonel alan, sanatsal içerik, teknolojik boyut ve kültürel yaşam üzerindeki etkileri açısından dikkate alınması önemlidir. Deneysel Arkeoloji, daha birçok kültürel yaşam algısına yeni sorular yöneltmek için önemli çalışmalar yaparak hangi sonuçların ortaya çıktığını açıklamak üzere önemli bir disiplin alanı yarattı. Eski yaklaşımlar nesneyi yalnızca bulunan nesnelerin tanımlanmış kavramları ile ilgilenerek ve onları tipolojik olarak yorumlayarak somut anlamda değerlendirdi. Günümüzde, arkeologlar ve disiplinler arası araştırmacılar tarafından bu görüşün yetersiz olduğu daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Müzeler, sergiler, sanat galerileri, Arkeo-parklar ve organik / doğal kimliklerini koruyan yerler, onlara anlam vermeden önce nesneler olarak yorumlamak, evrenin en güzel eseri karşısında olsa bile, hangi çalışma alanımız olursa olsun, entelektüel bakış açılarımızın yoksulluğundan kaçınamayacağımız bir durumda olduğumuzun kanıtı olacaktır. Bu yüzdendir ki kültürel yaşama yansıyan bilinç durumuyla, bakış açımıza kattığı somutluğu birleştirerek ikisinin farklı ve öğretici etkisi deneysel arkeoloji içerisinden geçmektedir. Müzelerde, halka ve çocuklara uygulamalı olarak öğrenmelerine ve geçmiş dönemleri yaşamalarına olanak sağlamak, eğitsel ve kültürel deneyimleri geliştirici özelliğinin yanı sıra çalışanların verdiği bilgilerle geçmiş dönemlerde yaşamış olan insanların duyularını hissetmelerini sağlamaktadır.
SERAMİK SANATINDA “PİRİNÇ TANESİ YÖNTEMİ” VE TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ
Authors: POYRAZ Mine
Published: December 2019

Pirinç tanesi, seramik bünyede, kesilen küçük deliklerin, şeffaf sır ile sırlanarak, pişirim sonrası porselen benzeri, yarı saydam bir görünüm kazanması ile gerçekleştirilen dekor yöntemidir. Porselen örneklerinde, deseni karakterize eden boşlukların, pirinç tanesine benzer şekil ve boyutta olması sebebi ile yönteme pirinç tanesi denildiği bilinmektedir.
Genellikle Uzak Doğu seramiklerinde görülen yöntemin en erken örneklerine 10.yy’da İran’da Selçuklu dönemi seramiklerinde rastlanmıştır. Selçuklu dönemi örnekleri “Selçuklu Beyazları” İran’da Safavi döneminde yapılan örnekleri “Gambroon Ware” Çin’de yapılan üretimleri ise tekniğe adına veren “Rice Grain Ware” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmada en erken örneklerine 10-12yy’da Selçuklu’da, 16 -19 yy da İran’da 16.-19.yy’da ise Çin’de rastladığımız, pirinç tanesi yöntemi araştırılarak tarihsel süreçte örnekleri ile aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır.
TÜRKİYE’DE TELEVİZYON REKLAMLARINDA KULLANILAN MÜZİK ÇEŞİTLERİNE YÖNELİK TESPİTLER
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Sadık
Published: December 2019

Müzik hayatın bir parçasıdır. Televizyon müzik ve görüntünün bir arada kullanılabileceği uygun bir reklam ortamıdır. Televizyon ve radyo reklamlarında cıngıl, arka fon müziği ve popüler müzik olarak kullanılmaktadır. Reklamlarda müzik kullanımının reklamın etkisini artırdığı bilinmektedir. Müzik bir reklamda bir dikkat dağıtıcı ve sinyal olarak ya da bir hatırlama aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Hikaye anlatmak, marka oluşturmak, hedefleme yapmak da müziğin işlevleri arasındadır. Duygular ve müzik arasında yakın bir ilişki vardır. Bu çalışmada içerik analizi yöntemi ile televizyon reklamları kategorisinde 2017 Kristal Elma Reklam Festivaline katılan toplam 85 reklam filmi incelenmiş ve hangi tür müziklerin kullanıldığı araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre en sık kullanılan türler sırasıyla arka fon müziği, cıngıl ve popüler müziktir. Reklamlarda daha çok piyano, keman, gitar gibi batı müziği enstrümanları kullanılmaktadır.
Haemovigilance: New approach for safe Blood transfusion
Authors: Sree Sravya , Shailaja Pasikhanti
Published: December 2019

Haemovigilance is an urgent need of the country to identify and prevent occurrence or recurrence of transfusion related adverse reactions, thereby to increase the safety and quality of blood transfusion and blood products administration. Haemovigilance is an organised scheme of monitoring, identifying, reporting, investigating and analysing adverse events and reactions pertinent to transfusion and manufacturing blood products. Thus the information collected will facilitate corrective and preventive actions to minimise the potential risks associated with blood collection, processing and transfusion to patients. Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission has started a Haemovigilance Program of India (HvPI) in 2012 under its Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI) in collaboration with National Institute of Biologicals (NIB), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, under Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Government of India with a primary objective to track adverse reactions/events and incidences associated with blood transfusion and blood product administration. The main objective of this article is to brief (s) about the system which monitors each and every step of transfusion reaction.
Overview of regulations on medicines derived from traditional Pharmacopoeia in Benin and Burkina Faso
Authors: Dori Daniel , Ganfon Habib , Gbaguidi Fernand , Evrard Brigitte , Quetin-Leclercq Joëlle , Semde Rasmané
Published: December 2019

The success of the promotion policies of the Medicines Derived from Traditional Pharmacopoeia (MDTPs) requires a regulation that is adapted to realities and guarantees their quality, efficiency and safeness. This study aims to analyze the legal texts and the current guiding principles obtained from the heads of the departments in charge of traditional medicine in Burkina Faso and Benin.

The documents collected from the two countries have been analyzed comparatively and also in relation to WAEMU regulations and the WHO recommendations.

Several texts, dealing with the activity, products, facilities and advertisement related to traditional medicine, have been recorded in both countries. The regulation battery of Burkina Faso is more extensive than that of Benin, especially on traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia facilities. In addition, unlike biomedicines, the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the West African Health Organization (WAHO) have not yet passed community laws on MDTPs.

To limit disparities in legal frameworks between the countries of the same sub-region, it is important that the WAEMU or WAHO be involved in the harmonization of pharmaceutical regulations by setting Community rules in the domain.
The need for Electronic Health Records (EHR) based Clinical Decision Support (CDS) in developing countries like India
Authors: Balasubramanian Rengalakshmi
Published: December 2019

Electronic health records (EHRs), an integrated approach is gaining importance not only within healthcare organizations and with their related stakeholders but also with the clinical research studies. EHR-based clinical decision support (CDS) systems in clinical studies have been proven successful in many clinical studies. The World Health Organization has emphasised the necessity to revolutionise the healthcare system in all levels, from primary health care and community service to health care research and this started with the implementation of EHR services extensively in various health care systems. Further, American and European healthcare systems are keen in improving EHR-based measurements to enable interoperability for future integrations of multiple data sources, which in turn would prove beneficial in the global platform for not only to the provider, patient, and other healthcare stakeholders but also for clinical research studies. This paper discusses the EHR in clinical research, the challenges in the EHR, and the need for developing nations to adopt and develop EHR.
Diverse Mechanisms of Allergen Specific Immunotherapy
Authors: Cevhertas Lacin , Akdis Mübeccel
Published: December 2019

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is widely used to establish a tolerant immune response and it is currently the only disease modifying treatment. There are different routes to administer the allergen, including subcutaneous, sublingual, intralymphatic, epicutaneous, intradermal, and oral and local nasal allergen immunotherapy. Although the optimal administration route depends on the type of allergen, some patients remain unresponsive and so it is important to predict the outcome before and during treatment. Therefore, there is a need to identify candidate prognostic markers for allergen immunotherapy. Herein, we discuss the recent literature on the molecular mechanisms of AIT.
Changes in Serum Levels of Growth Factors in Chronic Gastritis
Authors: Matveeva L. V. , Mosina L. M. , Stenina M. A.
Published: December 2019

Chronic inflammation, contributing to atrophy of the gastric epithelium, can develop in the induction of Helicobacter pylori and other microorganisms secretion of cytokines by cells of the gastric mucosa, including growth factors. Violation of the processes of repair of the gastric mucosa in terms of immune and microbiotic imbalance is the basis of ulcer and carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to determine the serum level and diagnostic value of growth factors in exacerbation of chronic gastritis. Materials and methods . With informed consent in 122 patients with exacerbation of chronic gastritis and 40 healthy volunteers, sampling of gastrobioptates with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (for histological and microbiological examination), 5 ml of venous blood with serum separation (for enzyme immunoassay of serum levels of growth factors) was performed. Results . The amount of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum of patients with atrophic gastritis exceeded the values of healthy individuals, were directly related to the degree and stage of gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, and among themselves. The greatest diagnostic value in atrophy gastric epithelial was determined in VEGF (sensitivity - 95,9%, specificity - 48,98%, criterion more 225 pg/ml, AUC 0,654, p = 0,0072). Conclusion. Determination of serum growth factors, especially VEGF, with exacerbation of chronic gastritis is diagnostically valuable, should be used for early diagnosis of atrophy of the gastric epithelium.
Results of Conversion Osteosynthesis in Treatment of Patients with Long Bone Fractures
Authors: Alsmadi Ya. M. , Zagorodniy N. V. , Solod E. I. , Lazarev A. F. , Abdulkhabirov M. A. , Ananyin D. A. , Petrovskiy R. A.
Published: December 2019

Аbctract. Treatment of long bones fractures of the extremities has a particular relevance in modern traumatology due to their high frequency, as well as a large number of deaths in patients with polytrauma. It is dangerous to perform an urgent final osteosynthesis in severe patients because of the possibility of shock and the deterioration of the condition of the injured. Therefore, the principle of Damage control with urgent fixation of damaged segments by external fixation and their subsequent replacement (converse) to intramedullary osteosynthesis had a particular relevance in the treatment of patients with long bones fractures. Purpose: Improving treatment outcomes for patients with long bones fractures. Materials and methods. In the present study, a retrospective analysis of using conversion osteosynthesis in the treatment of 120 patients with long bones extremities fractures in a multidisciplinary hospital was carried out. For a better analysis of the results of treatment, we divided the patients into two groups: The first group 44 patients with fractures of the long bones with polytrauma according to the ISS severity scale> 17. The second group consists of 76 patients with closed isolated unstable comminuted fractures of the long bones with severe post-traumatic edema, who have a high risk of significant trauma of soft tissues. Results. The most optimal time for conversion osteosynthesis to patients with polytrauma was 7-12 days, which prevented the occurrence of traumatic shock; and for patients with closed isolated unstable fractures of long bones with significant of post-traumatic edema for conversion osteosynthesis, the optimal time was 3-7 days after injury, which prevented the occurrence of inflammatory complications in the postoperative period. Conclusion. The study confirmed the feasibility of conversion osteosynthesis in the treatment of patients with diaphyseal fractures. The use of the technique of transferring the fixation of fragments by the external fixation device to the internal osteosynthesis (conversion) contributed to a reduction in the duration of inpatient treatment of patients with fractures of the long bones.
Endometriosis as a Reason of Intraabdominal Bleeding in Pregnancy. Clinical Case
Authors: Revzoeva Y. A. , Shakurova E. Y.
Published: December 2019

The article defines the significance and relevance of the problem of endometriosis during pregnancy. 10% of women in the reproductive period have different localization of endometriosis. 25% of pregnancies with endometriosis are complicated by preterm labor. The article presents a clinical case of intra-abdominal bleeding in a 28-year-old pregnant woman with retrocervical endometriosis at gestation age of 32 weeks and 6 days. The article covers the results of examination and special diagnostic procedures of intra-abdominal bleeding in pregnant women with retrocervical endometriosis. The main diagnostic methods were the study of past medical history, ultrasound examination, and laboratory tests. Due to their infrequency during pregnancy internal bleedings present difficulties in their diagnosis. Ultrasound reliably revealed a large amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity and small pelvis and excluded the presence of intrauterine bleeding. Clinical and laboratory tests indicated the severity of the patient's condition. Symptoms of moderate fetal distress were also identified. Therefore, a decision was made about an emergency delivery by the cesarean section followed by an abdominal revision. During the cesarean section, 500 ml of blood in the form of dark blood clots was found in the abdominal cavity. The condition of the premature newborn was in conformity with his gestational age. The source of bleeding were the of endometriosis on the back wall of the uterus. These focuses most likely caused hemoperitoneum. The revision of the abdominal cavity did not find any other foci of bleeding. The postoperative period was uneventful. The article provides general guidelines for the management of pregnant women with severe forms of endometriosis.
Morphological Features of the Burn Wound of Skin at Rats Against the Background of Correction by Stimulators of the Reparation of Tissues
Authors: Azhikova A. K. , Fedorova N. N. , Zhuravleva G. F.
Published: December 2019

In article morphological features of skin of rats in the conditions of burn influence of skin without use of medicines and against the background of correction are studied by pharmaceuticals. A research objective was studying of morphological features of skin wounds of rats in the conditions of a thermal trauma and against the background of their correction was stimulators of a reparation of tissues. Materials and methods. As an object of a research served exemplars of the defective skin of non-linear rats males ( n = 50) excised from a zone of a thermal trauma in interscapular area of a back. The thermal burn of skin was caused imposing of a copper subject. Beginning from first day after a trauma put appliques of stimulators of a reparation of tissues daily during the entire period of an experiment. Results. Thermal influence led to development of the significant degenerative and dystrophic changes in skin. Restitution of a burn wound of skin of rats proceeded as the delayed partial reparative regeneration which is followed by the destructive phenomen and formation of cicatricial tissues. Conclusion. Application of stimulators of a reparation of tissues (cream Spacatel, spray D-pantenol) as means of correction of wound defects of skin promoted delay of the destructive processes within a false skin, a derma and a hypodermic fatty tissue, to an adhesion of a zone of damage (formation of tissues of skin and a cuticularization of a wound), in comparison with a case of correction of burn wounds of skin appliques of extraction alcoolique by Calendulae. Positive takes of our research prove effectiveness of their application in dermatologic and traumatology practice.
Mathematical Modelling and Prediction in Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Authors: Yanchevskaya E. Ya. , Mesnyankina O. A.
Published: December 2019

Mathematical modeling of diseases is an urgent problem in the modern world. More and more researchers are turning to mathematical models to predict a particular disease, as they help the most correct and accurate study of changes in certain processes occurring in society. Mathematical modeling is indispensable in certain areas of medicine, where real experiments are impossible or difficult, for example, in epidemiology. The article is devoted to the historical aspects of studying the possibilities of mathematical modeling in medicine. The review demonstrates the main stages of development, achievements and prospects of this direction.
ISLAM AND GENETICS: RELIGIOUS, ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES
Authors: Novikova Ramilya G.
Published: December 2019

The rapid development and achievements of science and technology provides people to improve their lives. Over the past 10 years, genetic researches have grown significantly. Today they are the subject of debate not only by doctors, lawyers, but also theologians. Currently, legislation of countries in Middle East regulates genomics and genetic research differently. Countries are having orient towards religion and therefore pay more attention in these countries to the ethical regulators of Islam besides only legal regulation of genomics (humans, animals, plants, i.e. all living things). Ethical standards are gradually becoming legal norms. In some countries of the Middle East, there are draft laws on the legal regulation of genetics; in some countries given attention in the legal acts of executive authorities in genomics sphere, and in some, have been developed local acts of leading medical centers. A number of eastern countries are also highlighted, in the legislation of which some aspects of the legal regulation of genetic research act as legislative novels. In the most economically developed Middle Eastern countries, genetics is one of the priority programs of the state, in particular, there are national strategic programs for the development of countries already use of modern methods of genome sequencing, bioinformatics, and validation methods. Many Middle Eastern countries have ratified international acts in genetic research and on issues related to their regulation. In addition, Islamic states have developed an independent concept of genomics regulation, taking into account the attitudes of the fundamental sources of Islamic law. Based on the read material of the article, the reader learns about the legal, ethical and legal regulation in the field of genomics of Middle Eastern Islamic states.
LEGAL REALITIES OF MONGOLIA IN 18th - FIRST HALF OF 19th c. AS SEEN BY RUSSIAN TRAVELERS (ATTEMPT OF ANALYSIS FORM LEGAL ANTHROPOLOGY POINT OF VIEW)
Authors: Pochekaev Roman Yu.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to analysis of notes of Russian travelers to Mongolia as a source on legal situation in this country during 18th - first half of 19th c. Until now these texts were used mainly as a source on political or economic history as well as on ethnology of Mongols but far less as one on legal history of this people. Indeed, the information on legal realties of Mongolia is rather fragmentary and lapidary as the travelers didn’t have a goal to describe state and law of Mongolia. Nevertheless, this information is of great interest and value as it allows us to give a notion on real legal situation, legal relations realized in practice - in contrast to survived written legal monuments (codes) of Mongols from this period: travelers could observe such legal practice and even participate in the legal relations among Mongols. The source base of research are notes of travelers who visited Mongolia since the beginning of the 18th c. to 1850s. There were diplomats (ambassadors and their companions), couriers, intelligence officers, tradesmen and scientists. Depending on goals and objectives of their trips they interested in different aspects of Mongolian legal realties, so the comparative analysis of their information allows to present different aspects of legal life of Mongols The study of travelers’ notes from the legal anthropology point of view (basing on works of N. Rouland, A.I. Kovler, V.V. Bocharov) presumes analysis positions of their authors, reasons of their interest to specific field of law as well as Mongols’ attitude to law and order, legal rules, will of Mongol and Manchu authorities, etc. Analysis of Russian travelers’ notes in combination with legal monuments allow to understand better specific features in legal development of Mongolia in the turning-point period of its history: just at this time there was activated the policy of the Qing Empire to transform Mongols from autonomous vassals to complete subjects with disfranchisement, performance of duties and obligations and further closing in status with other categories of subjects (as Chinese, etc.). Also these notes are examples of basic stage of Russian practical-oriented legal anthropology which differed from the western one by attempting to study and understand the law of “traditional” societies without disregard of the Europocentrism.
REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH “BEGINNINGS OF THE THEORY OF LEGISLATIVE DEFECTS: MONOGRAPH / A. YU. VIKULIN”. MOSCOW: NORMA, 2019. 344 p
Authors: Kozhokar Igor P.
Published: December 2019

The article reviews the monograph of A. Y. Vikulin “The Beginning of the theory of legislative defects” assesses the content of the monographic study on legislative defects, notes and argues its advantages and disadvantages, analyzes the relevance of the study, the structure and content of the work, the author's conclusions and suggestions.
Halal Product Guarantee in Indonesia: Regulation and Social Inclusion
Authors: Muslimin JM
Published: December 2019

Halal Product Guarantee Act exists to ensure the protection of halal products consumed by Muslim consumers. Since it contains rules that only lead to protecting certain segments of society (Muslim consumers), this rule has become controversial. It is alleged to be potentially discriminatory. An argumentative and critical study shows that this is not factual. Apart from being legally tested, the social facts show that the regulation can be a means for the process of social inclusion: a process where people can respect each other’s communal rights, within the framework of authentic legal togetherness. The method employed is the analysis of legislation in a sociological perspective (sociological jurisprudence). The results of this study are through a series of juridical and sociological examinations, the Halal Product Guarantee Act can qualify as an integrative factor (social inclusion), in doing so it is expected to be an instrument of protecting people's rights (Muslim consumers' rights to get guaranteed halal products). Keywords: social inclusion, regulation, halal product guarantee, consumer protection.
The Recent Development of Islamic Economic Studies in Indonesia
Authors: Adibuddin Ahmad Farras , Setiawan Doddy , Sutopo Bambang
Published: December 2019

This study outlines the recent development of Islamic economics in Indonesia. The data has been gathered from articles on Islamic economics published in the select national accredited journals in Indonesia from 2004 – 2017, consisting of 184 articles. This study has applied the field method chart as suggested by Hesford. We have classified these articles based on the field of research, the research topic, and its method. This study finds that there is an increase number of articles on Islamic economics in Indonesia published on national-accredited journals. These selected articles mostly discussed such topics relating to the banking issues. Keywords: Islamic economics, bibliography, analytical method, literature studies, survey method.
Santripreneurship and Local Wisdom: Economic Creative of Pesantren Miftahul Ulum
Authors: Hannan Abd
Published: December 2019

Madura is well-known as an island which has been identical to the values of religion. One of the values is the important role of religious institutions, such as pesantren. The role of pesantren as a traditional Islamic institution is not limited to religious areas only, but to other social aspects only, including in economic development. This study examines the economic development of pesantren through analyzing santripreneur based on local wisdom in Pamekasan, Madura, East Java, Indonesia. This study outlines descriptive-narrative explanations regarding the value of Madurese local wisdom, and creative economic santripreneur activities in the pesantren, such as batik crafts, pesantren supermarket, and sharia-based pesantren (ikhtisab) as an economic development strategy in the pesantren of Miftahul Ulum, Pamekasan. Moreover, it offers the idea of pesantren economic development in Madura, especially in the context of strengthening the economic independency and sustainability. Keywords: Madura, santri, entrepreneurship, local wisdom