bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for malignant biliary obstruction: A multicenter comparative study between plastic and metallic stents
Authors: da Silva Rodrigo Roda Rodrigues , Facanali Junior Marcio Roberto , Brunaldi Vitor Ottoboni , Otoch Jose Pinhata , Rocha Ana Carolina Aguiar , Artifon Everson Luiz de Almeida
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives:

EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) is commonly employed to address malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) after a failed ERCP. In this context, both self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) and double-pigtail stents (DPSs) are suitable devices. However, few data comparing the outcomes of SEMS and DPS exist. Therefore, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of SEMS and DPS at performing EUS-CDS.

Methods:

We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study between March 2014 and March 2019. Patients diagnosed with MBO were considered eligible after at least one failed ERCP attempt. Clinical success was defined as a drop of direct bilirubin levels ≥ 50% at 7 and 30 postprocedural days. Adverse events (AEs) were categorized as early (≤7 days) or late (>7 days). The severity of AEs was graded as mild, moderate, or severe.

Results:

Forty patients were included, 24 in the SEMS group and 16 in the DPS group. Demographic data were similar between the groups. Technical success rates and clinical success rates at 7 and 30 days were similar between the groups. Similarly, we found no statistical difference in the incidence of early or late AEs. However, there were two severe AEs (intracavitary migration) in the DPS group and none in the SEMS cohort. Finally, there was no difference in median survival (DPS 117 days vs. SEMS 217 days; P = 0.99).

Conclusion:

EUS-guided CDS is an excellent alternative to achieve biliary drainage after a failed ERCP for MBO. There is no significant difference regarding the effectiveness and safety of SEMS and DPS in this context.
Nuchal Fibroma in a Diabetic Patient
Authors: Gaddam Prachi Ramkrishna , Sruthi Mayura , Cherian Susan
Published: October 2022

Nuchal fibroma is a benign tumor-like proliferation which presents as asymptomatic, slow-growing solitary swelling located in the lower back and the neck with microscopic findings of collagen fibers and entrapped adnexae. It occurs more frequently in males between 25 and 60 years. It is associated with diabetes mellitus, Gardner’s syndrome, and trauma. Histopathological examination and differentiation of nuchal fibroma from other soft tissue tumors over the posterior neck are essential for the accurate diagnosis. Complete excision and follow-up are necessary for proper management. We report a rare case of nuchal fibroma presenting as posterior neck swelling in a 58-year-old diabetic patient.
Effect of Solutionising on Change in Phase Morphology, Mechanical Behavior & Corrosion Behavior for AZ Series as Cast Automotive Magnesium Alloy Components
Authors: Manwatkar Asmita Ashok , Deshmukh Prasanna Bhagwan , Setia Shivam , Phale Prasad Sitakant , Santosh Jambhale Medha
Published: October 2022

Magnesium is sought to be one of the futuristic material in automotive due to its superior properties such as density, strength to weight ratio, damping characteristics and thus, making it a key enabler for light weighting. The properties of Magnesium alloys can be widely altered by change in elemental composition and heat treatment. Analysis of composition and phase morphology are driving factors for determining component’s end use properties and can be utilized effectively in its product development cycle. The as-cast AZ series alloys develop microstructure consisting of α-Mg matrix, eutectic α-Mg/γ-Mg17Al12 phase with non-uniform Al solute content in the α-Mg. Solutionising causes dissolution of Mg17Al12 brittle phase thereby increasing strength and ductility in these alloys. This paper presents analysis of AZ series automotive alloy components with focus on microstructure and mechanical properties change after solutionising. Scanning electron microscopy & energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques are adopted to evaluate phase changes along with morphology which affected properties after solutionising. Corrosion behaviour of AZ91 in as cast, solutionized and solutionized & aged condition is also studied.
Predicting spatial variation in soil nitrogen for sustainable agricultural management in Benin
Authors: Gongnet E.E. , Agbangba C.E. , Affossogbe S.A.T. , Glèlè Kakaï R.
Published: October 2022

Nitrogen plays an important role in plant nutrition and sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution pattern of nitrogen in arable land of Benin. A Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method was used for spatial mapping. Hard data consisted of a total of 305 sampled locations of nitrogen collected at 20 cm depth across the country. Soft data were generated from environmental variables using geographical weight regression (GWR) technique. The study revealed very low (<0.03%) N concentrations across the country. The N concentrations ranged from 0 to 0.8.10-6 %, with higher concentrations in the north and low concentrations beginning from the centre toward the south. In general, low prediction errors (around 0.005) were observed across the country (0.005 to 0.04). The maximum values around 0.035 were due to low sampling density observed at the boundary. These results are important for rational management of nitrogen in fertilisation programmes in Benin.
Analysis of tomato agronomic traits using generation mean
Authors: Kathimba F.K. , Kimani P.M. , Narla R.D. , Kiriika L.M.
Published: October 2022

Information on inheritance of agronomic traits and lack of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) a robust breeding programme in Kenya, has led to dependency on imported tomato varieties. The objective of this study was to assess the inheritance of growth attributes of tomato lines in Kenya and identify cross family with great potential for further breeding. Six generations; namely P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2‚ were developed from five parental lines. A split-plot design with crosses as main plots and generations as subplots was used in two sites (Kabete Field Station and Mwea Research Station), located in Kenya. Cross Roma VF x AVTO1424 and Roma VF x AVTO1314 were the earliest (33 days) to reach 50% flowering; while BC1P2‚ of Roma VF (38 days) was the latest to flower. Mwea Station had plants with the tallest plants, with a mean height of 62 cm at 50% flowering, compared to Kabete Station with a mean height of 48 cm. A significant increase (>10%) in plant height was registered in F1 generations compared to parental lines. Plant height at maturity across the environments ranged from 82 cm for shorter parent, Roma VF, to 120 cm for taller offspring BC1P1. Significant genotype x environment interactions were observed in Roma VF x AVTO1314 and Roma VF x AVTO1429 for days to 50% flowering, plant height, and number of trusses per plant. The importance of gene effects for agronomic trait inheritance was in additive and dominance-additive portions, which implied that traits were inherited.
Neonatal Tetanus: case series from Dilla univeristy referal hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Bonsa Shimelis , Kabythmer Robel Hussen , Tefera Afomia Tadesse
Published: October 2022

Background: Neonatal tetanus is a deadly infection leading to 7-8% of neonatal mortality in de-veloping countries. WHO defines Neonatal tetanus as an illness in a child who has the normal ability to suck in the first 2 days of life, presented with failure to suck between 3rd and 28th days of life and has rigidity and spasms? Though Ethiopia declared maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination in 2017, there has been significant number of neonates presenting with this problem in Neonatal ICU’sMethods: This review characterized clinical profile, demography and outcome of seven neona-tal tetanus cases admitted at Dilla University hospital, neonatal ICU from September 11, 2018 to September11, 2020.Results: All mothers gave birth at home with unskilled birth attendant, local blade or knife was used to cut the cord. Median age for mothers was 26 years and two out of seven had antenatal care (ANC) follow up and took Two doses of tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine. Fever, failure to suck, spasm and convulsions were the common presenting symptoms. The overall mortality was 70%.Conclusion: Continuous emphasis on antenatal tetanus immunization and safe delivery practic-es should be maintained. Clinicians caring for neonates should be aware of the presentations of neonatal tetanus to allow them to diagnose these patients early and initiate appropriate lifesaving management.
Traditional treatment of female infertility: Yoruba perspective
Authors: Subair B.K. , Ade-Ademilua O.E.
Published: October 2022

This survey was to conserve knowledge of indigenous medicine through identification and documentation of the recipes and plants used in the treatment of female infertility by the Yoruba people of Southwestern Nigeria. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted using oral informal interviews. The target respondents included diviners/spiritualists, herb sellers, traditional birth attendants, farmers/hunters and other members of the community. The survey yielded 12 recipes recorded with all being orally administered. There were 30 plants distributed in 21 families; 20% of which are climbers, 20% herbs, 23% shrubs and 37% trees. Leaves (26.67%) were the most utilised part while the least utilised are rhizomes (3.33%). Materials of animal and mineral origin were also utilised. It is hoped that the documentation provided from this study will help in the conservation of knowledge of traditional medicine and to serve as a bedrock for further scientific evaluation.
Bioinformatics based structural analysis of Cytochrome P450 genes in Candida tropicalis
Authors: Dauda W.P. , Peter G.W. , Abraham P. , Adetunji C.O. , Glen E. , Morumda D. , Ogra I.O. , Abraham S.E. , Azameti M.K. , Ghazanfar S. , Osemwegie O.O. , Olaniyan O.T. , Anyakudo M.M.C.
Published: October 2022

Cytochrome P450 is a superfamily of enzymes that contain heme as a cofactor that functions as monooxygenases. These proteins are responsible for the oxidation of fatty acids, steroids, and xenobiotics, and the synthesis and breakdown of various hormones. Candida tropicalis has been identified as the leading cause of Candidemia, a bloodstream infection that contributes to the high mortality rate worldwide. So far, no research has reported a detailed study of the cytochrome P450 genes in the genome of Candida tropicalis. Hence, a detailed analysis involving the identification and characterisation of cytochrome P450 genes from the Candida tropicalis genome would provide valuable information about the evolutionary history and functions of the Cytochrome P450 gene family. In this study, 32 Cytochrome P450 genes were identified in Candida tropicalis, which were further grouped into four clades. The results show that most cytochrome P450 families in Candida tropicalis have a close phylogenetic relationship. And diversity might have mainly been a result of gene duplication. Clans and family groupings, alongside their putative functions and subcellular localisation, also showed the possible relationship between the genes’ cellular location and their functions. The results obtained from this study pave the way for a broader and more detailed analysis of the specific functions of each of the Cytochrome P450 genes in Candida tropicalis, as well as possible ways of altering their functions to find a way of curbing/eradicating the negative effect of Candida tropicalis and its contribution to the high rate of mortality worldwide.
Faecal shedding of cryptosporidium oocysts in goats in Nsukka, Enugu State: a potential threat to man
Authors: Chukwudi I.C. , Ogbu K.I. , Umeagukwu S.E. , Nnaji F.N. , Ezeh I.O.
Published: October 2022

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important diseases in young ruminants causing diarrhoea in neonates and immune-compromised animals leading to substantial economic losses both directly and indirectly in animals and animal products and also imposing public health threats as a zoonotic disease. This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of cryptosporidium oocyst in goats in Nsukka metropolis to facilitate further studies on the zoonotic transmission of the disease agent. Faecal samples were collected from household WAD goats from three randomly selected villages in Nsukka L.G.A of Enugu State. A total of 100 goats were purposively sampled, and faecal samples were collected par rectum using disposable latex gloves and transported to the Veterinary Parasitology laboratory, University of Nigeria, Nsukka for further analysis. Faecal samples were concentrated using the Formol-ether concentration method and cryptosporidium oocysts were detected using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. The sample was considered positive when at least one oocyst with the correct morphologic characters was observed. Data obtained were analysed using the Chi-square test and the differences in the prevalence of cryptosporidium oocysts within each variable (Age, sex, and stool consistency) were compared. A probability of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The overall prevalence of cryptosporidium oocysts was 24%. There was a significant association between the prevalence of cryptosporidium oocysts and the sex of the goats sampled, while there were no significant associations between the prevalence of cryptosporidium oocysts and the age of the goats sampled and consistency of the faeces. The wide presence of these oocysts is of public health significance as apparent healthy goats were also shedding the oocysts. Efforts should be directed towards improving our management systems in order to prevent the menace of the public health threat. Further studies are recommended to provide evidence for other sources and factors that might influence cryptosporidiosis in the area.
Effect of coccidial infection on growth of broilers raised on different litter materials in a deep litter system
Authors: Usman-Yamman H. , Ejima I.A.A. , Idris H. , Adamu A.Y.
Published: October 2022

The present study was carried out on broiler chickens to evaluate the effects of coccidial infection on the growth rate of broilers raised on different litter materials. Sixty-day-old broiler chicks, each weighing an average of 33.3 g, were randomly divided into four treatments of deep litter materials: sawdust, maize cob, groundnut husk and fallen leaves. Average weight was recorded, and faecal samples were collected weekly for eight weeks and analysed using the floatation technique. About 34% of the weekly faecal samples collected were infected with Coccidia. There was no significant difference in the intensity (Geometric Mean Intensity, GMI) of coccidial Oocyst in the different litter materials (p>0.05; Fcal=0.62;d.f=3/28). The growth parameters tested in the experiment were body weight and body weight gain. Broilers on sawdust and maize cob gained more body weight with over 25% growth rate. Significant differences in growth were observed between the different litters; sawdust and maize cub; sawdust and groundnut husk; and sawdust and fallen leaves (p<0.05). The result of the variance analysis showed that coccidial infection does not affect the growth rate of the broilers at (p>0.05), and this was irrespective of the litter they were raised on. It can therefore be stated that maize cob, groundnut husk and fallen leaves could be used as an alternate litter to the commonly used sawdust which may reduce the high demand for sawdust and subsequently fall in price.
Helminth infections of captive animals and management practices at the University of Ilorin Zoo, North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: Opeyemi O.A. , Shittu O. , Abdulganiyu K. , Ashaolu A.D. , Lawal A.T. , Kadir R.A.
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the helminth parasites of animals and management practices at the University of Ilorin Zoological garden. Faecal samples were collected and analysed according to standard parasitological techniques while information on management practices was obtained using a structured questionnaire. The overall prevalence of helminths was 20.7%. Three parasites namely, Ascaris spp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Enterobius spp. were identified. Of the 92 animal faecal samples examined, common jackal (21.1%), crested porcupine (42.1%), Lioness (15.8%), and mongoose (21.1%) were positive (p<0.05). Only mammals were positive for intestinal helminth while Aves were not infected (p>0.05). Animals fed three times a week had higher helminth infection (57.9%) when compared with animals fed daily (42.1%). Cages cleaned daily had more helminth parasite contamination (78.9%) compared to those cleaned weekly (21.1%, p<0.05). Also, animals dewormed on monthly basis harboured fewer intestinal helminths (5.3%), compared to those dewormed every three months (78.9%, p>0.05). Surprisingly, animals in enclosures with cemented floors had the highest helminth infection (78.9%) compared to those living in enclosures with uncemented floor (p<0.05). The overall prevalence of helminths is low in this study; therefore, zoo workers should take more cognizance of the routes of parasite transmission, since the faecal-oral route is the primary means through which animals acquired infection. There is a need for improved management practices to curb the spread of helminth infection. This will invariably ensure the sustainability of zoological gardens.
Exposure to avian influenza in poultry farms and access to veterinary healthcare services in Nigeria and Ghana
Authors: Oyadeyi O.A. , Jegede A.S. , Oluwayelu D.O. , Osayomi T. , Salami K.K.
Published: October 2022

The incidence of avian influenza (AI) is on the increase in most parts of the world. This cross-sectional study examines the exposure of poultry farms to AI and the extent of poultry farmers’ access to veterinary health services in Nigeria and Ghana. A pretested questionnaire was administered on 340 poultry farmers in Nigeria and Ghana. Also, Six Key Informant Interviews and fourteen In-depth Interviews were conducted in both countries. The majority of poultry farmers in Nigeria (61.2%) and Ghana (66.5%) are aware of AI, and the mass media was reported as a major source of knowledge. The perception of AI was characterized by the threats it poses to birds, humans, and poultry assets. The study showed an association between the perceived risks of respondents’ personal hygiene in farming practice and susceptibility to AI (p = 0.026). There is also an association between respondents’ nationality and their health-seeking behaviour on poultry farms (p = 0.000). Efforts should be made by relevant stakeholders to develop public health education strategies to promote veterinary healthcare service use among poultry farmers in Nigeria and Ghana.
The parasitic contamination of Garden cress Lepidium sativum L. and Lettuce Lactuca sativa L. in Baghdad city, Iraq
Authors: Mohammad M.K. , Al-Saeedi R.F.H , Al-Attabi F.F.F. , Al-Ghizi R.S.M. , Al-Khalidi F.M.M. , Al-Bidhani A.M.K , Al-Kaabi S.K.J.
Published: October 2022

Leafy vegetables are desirable diets as they provide important nutrient requirements. They are low calories and rich in dietary fibres. Their consumption is associated with mental well-being. Their contamination with human parasites represents a global problem and comprises the biggest microbiological risk concern accompanied by health and economic consequences. In Iraq, Garden cress Lepidium sativum L. and Lettuce Lactuca sativa L. are among the most common leafy vegetables and are served daily during the winter season. The samples of each vegetable species (68) were collected randomly from local markets in New Baghdad and Sadr City on the eastern side of Baghdad during the period from mid-February to mid-March 2021. These two places were with high limited income population density. Vegetable samples were immersed in physiological saline in suitable plastic containers and left for 15 minutes then centrifuged to collect parasites. Iodine and Z-N stains and wet mount microscopy were used to detect the protozoan cysts. The results showed that protozoa contaminate 66.2% and 44.1% of the cress and lettuce samples. A total of 10 parasitic species of protozoa and helminths were recorded. The recovered ten parasite species are of medical importance. Using human faeces in the fertilization of the vegetable cultivation fields seems to be the most probable transmission route of the 10 parasitic stages recorded in this study to humans.
Preliminary detection of Toxoplasma Gondii in goats slaughtered at the Kumasi Abattoir
Authors: Antwi P.K. , Essel-Cobbinah D. , Emikpe B.O. , Asenso N.T. , Asenso N.T. , Asare D.A.
Published: October 2022

The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects all homoeothermic animals, including humans. The study aimed to isolate T. gondii from the diaphragm of goats and to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in goats at the Kumasi abattoir. A 2cm x 1cm sample was obtained from the skeletal muscle (diaphragm) of 100 goats slaughtered at the Kumasi abattoir. Samples were kept in 10% formalin, sectioned, deparaffinized, rehydrated, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin to identify only T. gondii tissue cysts, including bradyzoites and tachyzoites. The data obtained were entered into to Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (version 2016) and analysed using GraphPad Prism software (v. 9.2.0 (332). Results revealed Toxoplasma gondii present in slaughtered goats at a prevalence of 42%. Male animals (53.7%) were mostly affected by Toxoplasma gondii as compared to the females (38.7%) at the Kumasi abattoir. Goats which were 2 years of age recorded a higher prevalence of 48.5% followed by goats within the age of 1 year (40.0%), 1 ½ year (36.4%) and 3 years (40.0%) whilst goats of 2 ½ years old recorded least prevalence (40.0%) of Toxoplasma gondii infection. The West African Dwarf goats (WADG) recorded a lower prevalence of 23% whilst the Sahelian breed of goats recorded a higher percentage prevalence of 29%. Nevertheless, breed (p=0.865), age (p=0.920) and sex (p=0.155) of goats did not have statistically significant effects on the prevalence of T. gondii infection in goats. Institution of surveillance and reporting system for Toxoplasma gondii in goat populations in Ghana is recommended to stakeholders because of its public health importance.
Evaluation of sero-epidemiology of toxoplasmosis with its associated risk factors among antenatal attendees of a referral health facility in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Wokem G.N. , Obi I.T. , Amala S.E.
Published: October 2022

Toxoplasmosis is a disease that can infect pregnant women, foetus, women of childbearing age and it is also zoonotic. The sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis with its associated risk factors in two hundred and seventy-seven gravidae attending University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital was investigated to ascertain the current status of toxoplasmosis in Rivers State. Blood samples were collected from the subjects through veno-puncture, and the blood tests performed using the rapid test kits for Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies following manufacturer’s instructions. Commercial pregnancy test kits and HIV test kits were used to confirm their pregnancy and HIV status. Out of the 277 pregnant subjects examined, the overall prevalence was 5(1.8%) for T. gondii IgG antibody and 14(6.9%) positive for HIV. None of the HIV pregnant subjects were positive for toxoplasmosis. Chi-square analysis was used to assess the distribution of toxoplasmosis and other variables. The age groups 20 -29 years and 30-39 years had the highest sero-prevalence rates of 3(60%) and 2(40%) respectively for IgG while age group 40-49 years recorded no sero-prevalence. Exposure related sero-prevalence showed that eating of raw vegetables, undercooked meat, and exposure to contaminated soil through farming were more sensitive risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis than others. There was no statistically significant difference observed among those using cat as pets (P>0.05). A higher statistically significant difference was observed among the subjects that ate raw vegetables and drank untreated water (P<0.05) compared to those who ate cooked vegetables and drank treated water. The need for intensified health campaign to enlighten the society and pregnant mothers on the dangers of acquiring this neglected tropical disease- toxoplasmosis- and how to prevent it has been advocated.
Candida auris: a literature review
Authors: Kramer Dany G , Da Silva Maria J. L , M. de Sousa Anésio , B. C. Junior Geraldo , A. M. Filho Luiz
Published: October 2022

Background: Emerging pathogen Candida auris has been associated with nosocomial outbreaks demonstrating widespread antifungal resistance. This microorganism is associated with systemic infections with a high mortality rate, and studies that contribute to a better understanding of this agent are important.

Objectives: The present article aimed to carry out bibliographic research on Candida auris. Therefore, a literature search was carried out between January 2018 and January 2022, applying the following: C. auris; Candida auris and Infection, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. This review considers the available literature on C. auris and highlights key unknowns, which will provide guidance for future work in this field.

Results: The data collected in the present review allowed us to divide the theme into topics on Pathophysiology, Epidemiology/clinical and drug resistance mechanisms, so that the understanding of Candida auris can be better detailed and understood.

Conclusion: The predilection of C. auris by the most vulnerable and immunosuppressed patients or with comorbidities and with the potential to cause invasive and bloodstream infections with a propensity to cause outbreaks and concerns regarding resistance to antifungal agents, the fungus Candida auris, is of increasing clinical relevance. The increase in the number of detected cases and the occurrence of strains with multiple drug resistance prove to be worrisome, and applied research is essential to contribute to the knowledge of this strain and effective therapy.
Admission hyperglycaemia as a prognostic indicator of outcome in major trauma patients at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Njau Angelo , Washington Leonard , Akaro Inyasi , Kidenya Benson , Kituuka Olivia , Chalya Phillipo
Published: October 2022

Background: Admission hyperglycemia has been reported to be associated with poor outcomes among patients with major trauma. However, most of the available literature on this subject has been conducted in the developed world. This study aimed to determine the association between admission hyperglycemia and the outcome of major trauma patients admitted to Bugando Medical Centre.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study, involving major trauma patients admitted to Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) within 6 months from Sept 2017 to February 2018. The exposure was admission hyperglycemia (>11.1mmol/l) and non-exposure was normoglycemia (≤11.1mmol/l).

Results:  A total of 217 patients (M: F ratio = 4.1: 1) were recruited. Their ages ranged from 4 to 97 years with a median age of 31 years. Out of 217 patients, 106 (48.8%) were hyperglycemic and the remaining 111(51.2%) were normoglycemic. The overall median days of length of hospital stay (LOS) was 15 days. There was no statistically significant association between admission hyperglycemia and LOS (p =0.875). In this study, 73 patients died giving a mortality of 33.6%. Patients with admission hyperglycemia (>11.1mmol/l) had significantly higher mortality as compared to normoglycemic patients (≤11.1mmol/l) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study found that admission hyperglycemia was statistically significantly associated with increased mortality among major trauma patients at BMC. Therefore, there is a need to institute regular monitoring of blood sugar levels among these patients and give appropriate treatment to those found with elevated blood sugar levels.
Point prevalence mapping of malaria infection in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Egbom Sylvia Ezinne , Nduka Florence Onyemachi , Nzeako Sidney Obidimma
Published: October 2022

Background: Variations in the risk of malaria across locations exist but are poorly understood though identifying hotspots of malaria transmission will create opportunities for targeted interventions. Point prevalence of malaria in Rivers State was studied using Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs) as survey points.

Methods: The PHCs in Rivers State were geo-referenced using a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) and 74 were selected across 21 local government areas using systematic grid point sampling. Blood samples were obtained from 2340 persons who consented and questionnaires were administered to obtain their demographic data. Malaria parasites in blood films were detected using the Giemsa staining technique. Data generated were analysed using SPSS 22.0 and presented using descriptive statistics. The level of relationship amongst the parameters was obtained using Chi-square. Co-ordinates of PHCs sampled and their prevalence data for malaria were entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheet and transmitted to ArcGIS 10.8. This platform was then used to produce point prevalence infection maps of the State using geographic information systems (GIS). Survey points with malaria point prevalence values of 75% and above and cumulative prevalence of 1.97% and above were categorised as malaria transmission hot spots in the various LGAs.

Results: The study recorded an overall prevalence of 56.3%, with P.falciparum as the only identified malaria parasite. Data revealed that Oyoro Model Primary Health Centre (MPHC), Arukwo Primary Health Centre, Ele Health Post (HP) and Emago HP recorded very high prevalence of 96.7%, 96%, 95.2% and 94.4% respectively, whereas MPHC Iriebe had the least prevalence. Twelve hotspots with point prevalence above 75% were identified and eight hotspots likewise with cumulative prevalence above 1.97%.

Conclusion: Malaria infection remains endemic in Rivers State. This study provides malaria point prevalence maps of Rivers State which will serve as a reference to policymakers for strategic interventions in the State
Average-case algorithms for testing isomorphism of polynomials, algebras, and multilinear forms
Authors: Grochow Joshua A. , Qiao Youming , Tang Gang
Published: October 2022

We study the problems of testing isomorphism of polynomials, algebras, and
multilinear forms. Our first main results are average-case algorithms for these
problems. For example, we develop an algorithm that takes two cubic forms $f,
g\in \mathbb{F}_q[x_1,\dots, x_n]$, and decides whether $f$ and $g$ are
isomorphic in time $q^{O(n)}$ for most $f$. This average-case setting has
direct practical implications, having been studied in multivariate cryptography
since the 1990s. Our second result concerns the complexity of testing
equivalence of alternating trilinear forms. This problem is of interest in both
mathematics and cryptography. We show that this problem is polynomial-time
equivalent to testing equivalence of symmetric trilinear forms, by showing that
they are both Tensor Isomorphism-complete (Grochow-Qiao, ITCS, 2021), therefore
is equivalent to testing isomorphism of cubic forms over most fields.
SIMBOLIČKI INTERAKCIONIZAM I HERMENEUTIKA KAO STRATEGIJE SOCIOLOŠKOG ODREĐENJA KULTURE / SYMBOLICAL INTERACTIONISM AND HERMENEUTICS AS STRATEGIES FOR THE SOCIOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF CULTURE
Authors: Muharemović Vedad , Tadić Tomislav
Published: October 2022

In this paper, it is argued that symbolic interactionism and hermeneutics are possible strategies for the sociological determination of culture in the context of contemporary transformations of "cultural identities". The paper is based on the assumption that contemporary reflections on the sociological question of culture, due to the overemphasis of empirical research, have lost sight of some classic theoretical starting points that can be an important resource in determination and a better understanding of the general spiritual crisis of the modern world. With this idea in mind, the paper tries to accentuate two theoretical paradigms in the domains of their classical interpretation with the possibility of "strategic adjustment" of certain conceptual frameworks aimed at problematizing cultural reality on the "glocal" level. The paper in its various aspects is critical of the "Balkan" understanding of culture in the 21st century.
svaRetro and svaNUMT: modular packages for annotating retrotransposed transcripts and nuclear integration of mitochondrial DNA in genome sequencing data
Authors: Dong Ruining , Cameron Daniel , Bedo Justin , Papenfuss Anthony T.
Published: October 2022

Nuclear integration of mitochondrial genomes and retrocopied transcript insertion are biologically important but often-overlooked aspects of structural variant (SV) annotation. While tools for their detection exist, these typically rely on reanalysis of primary data using specialised detectors rather than leveraging calls from general purpose structural variant callers. Such reanalysis potentially leads to additional computational expense and does not take advantage of advances in general purpose structural variant calling. Here, we present svaRetro and svaNUMT; R packages that provide functions for annotating novel genomic events, such as nonreference retrocopied transcripts and nuclear integration of mitochondrial DNA. The packages were developed to work within the Bioconductor framework. We evaluate the performance of these packages to detect events using simulations and public benchmarking datasets, and annotate processed transcripts in a public structural variant database. svaRetro and svaNUMT provide modular, SV-caller agnostic tools for downstream annotation of structural variant calls.
BuddhistRoad Paper 2.6 "Esoteric Buddhist Liturgy and Spells in Dunhuang: A Study of the Manuscript P. 2322 and Its Implications”
Authors: Sørensen Henrik H.
Published: October 2022

This essay explores one of the composite manuscripts in the Pelliot Collection of Dunhuang manuscripts (P. 2322), which features a collection of liturgical texts and spells that primarily relate to Esoteric Buddhism from the late medieval period in China. The manuscript in question is of particular interest for its inclusion of several rare and unique liturgical texts, including material belonging to the Vajraśekharasūtra cycle (Chin. Jingan ding jing 金剛頂經) of scriptures, spells from the important Tuoluoni zaji 陀羅尼雜集 [Miscellaneous Collection of Spells], as well as a number of more mainstream Sanskrit texts in transcribed Chinese. Typologically, the P. 2322 represents what is a de facto ‘private compilation,’ i.e., a compendium reflecting the religious interests of an individual practitioner. We know that it is a private compilation because no other copy has been found among the Dunhuang material, even though other manuscripts have been identified as containing a similar type of liturgical material. By analysing the contents and context of P. 2322 we can gain an insight into the workings of Dunhuang Buddhism on the ground during the late medieval period (9–10th centuries).
HOST CITY UGOVOR OLIMPIJSKIH IGARA
Authors: Kostić Milan
Published: October 2022

Sport, as a part of social life, is existing just recently. Sport development, as we know, starts at the end of 19th centuary, but its zenith and beginning are shaped through Olympic spirit. Тhe meaning of the Olympic spirit today represents the rule of fair competition, leaving domains of Machiavellism and old principle that the goal justifies the means. Organizing Olympic games means very complicated and responsible sum of legal affairs, because it includes different contracts and participation of different contract partners. The results themselves are sometimes visible only after a long period of time. The most important contract refered to organizing Olympic games is Host city contract, concluded between International Olympic committee and the city that organize the Olympic games.
Sharia Banking Position in the Economic and the National Legal System
Authors: Widuhung Sisca Debyola , Machmud Aris
Published: October 2022

The Position of Sharia banking in Indonesia legal system is important. The study aims to find out how is the position of sharia banking in the national legal system. The method used in this research is normative juridical with qualitative analysis approach. Moreover, the result is the position of Islamic banks in the economic system is as a bank institution that helps the Indonesian economy in increasing financial inclusion and becomes an institution that carries out an intermediary function. In relation to the national legal system, Islamic banking has a strong position, because it is an inseparable part of the legal system in force in Indonesia.
Innovation of Public Services Reviewed from Community Satisfaction Index to The District of Banyuwangi
Authors: Herawati Lilik
Published: October 2022

Community service innovations that have been stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of PANRB No. 30/2014, is a breakthrough in the type of public service, starting from creative, original, and modified ideas which are principally implemented in the form of services that benefit the community, either directly or indirectly. The current innovation is carried out as a development of public service patterns which are not only measured from the assessment of the central government to the regions, but also from the community satisfaction index as regulated in Permenpan No. 16 of 2014 concerning the survey of community satisfaction with services and No. 14 of 2017 concerning the preparation of the community satisfaction index. The purpose of this study was to measure community service innovation by reviewing the community satisfaction index at the sub-district office service in Banyuwangi Regency. Research using this survey method uses research instruments using questionnaires distributed to 724 people taken from service recipient communities between 2019 and 2021 who are in 15 sub-districts (total 25 sub-districts) in Banyuwangi Regency. The survey results show that there is an intercorrelation between the innovation process of community services and the level of community satisfaction. Every aspect of service innovation undergoes development and its implementation is always followed by the level of community satisfaction.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Effectiveness in Overcoming Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in Adolescents
Authors: Dorkas Wardani Sitompul Frisca Putri
Published: October 2022

This study aims to see the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in reducing binge eating disorder (BED) in adolescents. The research method used is an experimental study, namely a single experimental design in a home setting, where the subject is treated with CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) techniques to overcome Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Data collection in this study used the methods of observation, interviews and psychological tests (DAP, BAUM, HTP, and SSCT). Data analysis in this study used an evaluation which was also continuously monitored using a monitoring table during the implementation of the intervention. Thus, the success of the CBT intervention was seen based on the achievement of the targets previously agreed upon by the subjects, especially in the Binge Eating Disorder (BED) eating disorder. The results showed that the intervention process in the form of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) which was carried out for 10 days got satisfactory results. This is also consistent with the good prognosis of the subjects. Subjects were able to control their excessive appetite, and even changed their snacks to healthier foods, so as not to interfere with their health.
Fish Waste MSMEs Empowerment Program in Kalanganyar Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency Through Village Driven Development Approach
Authors: Kristianto Kristianto , Zuwanita Cyntya Sri
Published: October 2022

Aquatic resources and marine products are the most significant economic potential in Kalanganyar Village. Therefore, development in this sector, such as local economic development with MSMEs, must be a severe concern for the government and related parties. This paper aims to discusses the empowerment program carried out by Pertamina DPPU Juanda in developing MSMEs in Kalanganyar Village which is carried out using the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method based on the Village-Driven Development approach. As a result, the community empowerment program created two innovative products and active involvement of each interest group. In addition, community empowerment, which is carried out with a village-driven development approach, can strengthen the position of the village government as a more democratic actor in development and essential services for the community.
Research on the Model, Evolution and Development of Chinese Government Guidance Fund
Authors: Wenwen Zhang , Cheng Guo
Published: October 2022

As a "government + market" policy tool, government guidance funds mainly use financial leverage to lead market-based funds to achieve the policy goals of promoting local economic growth and cultivating key industries. The government guidance fund of in China started around 2002, entered a period of rapid growth in 2015, and entered the stage of stock optimization in 2017; the fund management model has shown a positive trend of large-scale and standardized development. The study aims to find out the model, evolution and development of Chinese government guidance fund. The study used qualitative methods with case study approach. The study reveal that in the future, the government guidance fund is gradually improving its system design, giving full play to its guiding attributes, supplementing the shortcomings of China’s capital market fundraising, and promoting the development of the real economy in the real industry.
Examining The Effects of Economic Growth on Unemployment in Indonesia
Authors: Leasiwal Teddy Ch , Oppier Hermi , Tutupoho Ali , Palloma Adellci
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the variables of Economic Growth, Minimum Wage, and Human Development Index on the Unemployment Rate in Indonesia in the short and long term. This research uses quantitative research. The data used is secondary data from 2001 to 2020. The dependent variable in this study is Unemployment while the independent variables are Economic Growth, Minimum Wage, and Human Development Index. The analytical method used in this research is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results showed that the variable economic growth had a positive and significant impact on the unemployment rate in the short and long term. The minimum wage variable and the human development index variable in the short and long term respectively have a negative and insignificant impact. Moreover, This research provides good and appropriate information for academics and the government to be able to reduce the problem of unemployment in Indonesia by using an economic and social approach.
Key Success in The Transformation from Volume-Based to Value-Based Healthcare: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gunawan Edy , Nadjib Mardiati , Soraya Syarifah
Published: October 2022

The medical cost trend had been increasing faster than the global inflation rate. Higher costs posed a significant problem for healthcare providers, payers, and eventually patients. The concept of value-based healthcare (VBHC), which emphasized the importance of measuring outcomes relative to the costs, was introduced to mitigate the impact of these medical trends. This research used a scoping review methodology to describe the factors that affect the shift from the conventional volume-based healthcare to value-based healthcare. Data of research based on article search was conducted using online Scopus and Embase databases, resulting in 800 articles describing value-based healthcare. Duplication removal excluded 76 articles, screening excluded 295 articles, eligibility assessment excluded 76 articles, and the remaining 30 articles were included. The results of study show that VBHC was proposed as a shift in healthcare management entailing six reinforcing elements, but most hospitals have implemented only one VBHC element. The most common implemented elements are “the measurement of outcome and cost” and “the reorganization to integrated practice units.” The key success for the implementation of these elements are: (1) strong data collection to measure clinical outcomes that matter to patients, (2) clear governance of this data management, and (3) strong support from the high leadership to encourage multidisciplinary teamwork. Thus, the true VBHC system can only be reached when all the six elements are achieved. However, no single study describes a success in implementing all elements of VBHC. Hospital leaders need to be cautious when interpreting VBHC as not to think that the VBHC can be reached by cherry-picking only selected elements of VBHC.
The Urgency of Public Attitudes of Online Session Rules Implementation in Criminal Cases during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fitriah Nikmah , Wijaksono Muhammad Arief , Rahmah Maulida
Published: October 2022

The background of the research entitled "The Urgency of Public Attitudes on the Application of Online Session Rules in Criminal Cases during the Covid-19 Pandemic" is a phenomenon in society that tends to reject policies from the government, including policies related to handling Covid-19, namely large-scale social restrictions policies. . That's why this study aims to find out how the public's attitude in responding to state provisions that stipulate online criminal case trials both as the general public and defendants in criminal cases in particular. The type of research used is a sociological normative type of research, which is to examine the problem of implementing various regulations in society. The results of this study are (1). In general, the attitude of the community towards the government's policy of restricting activities in public places or facilities is that they do not comply and take them seriously. (2). The attitude of the accused towards the holding of online criminal cases shows that more people respond positively than negatively. The comparison is 8 positive response items (53.3%).