bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Uncertainty in Analysis of Nitrite in Water by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ren Qing Kai , Ji Xiao Na , Zuo Yan , Wan Li Guo , Ai Sheng Shu , Bian De Jun
Published: July 2013

This paper establishes a mathematical model of assessing the various factors of the uncertainty in analysis of nitrite in water by HPLC-DAD, investigates all the steps of the measurement by HPLC and calculates the various factors of evaluating the uncertainty analysis. The result shows: in this method the nitrite content in certain domestic sewage is measured 1.161 mg·L-1, and the uncertainty from the standard material and the test standard deviation under the repeatable conditions contribute mainly to the uncertainty of measuring the nitrite content in water. The uncertainty from the standard material generally includes the uncertainties from standard dilution, standard product purity and the environment temprature, in which the extraction, dilution and stability of the standard solution are the main contributors to the uncertainty from standard dilution. After calculation the relative uncertainty synthesis of nitrite content in water uncertainty is 0.0050, when the confidence probability P=95% and the expanded uncertainty 0.012mg·L-1. Without regard to the inhomogeneity of the nitrite distribution in water sample, the content of nitrite in water sample can be presented as (1.161±0.012) mg·L-1.
Development of Drive Train Condition Monitoring System for Wind Farm
Authors: Liu Jun Cheng , Yang Zhi Gao , Lv Yue Gang
Published: July 2013

In this paper, a condition monitoring system for wind turbine drive train is developed. The system integrated multiple type sensors such as vibration, voltage, current, speed, temperature and multimedia to monitor the condition of gearbox. This system is designed to monitor all wind turbine drive train in a wind farm using distributed processors to avoid computational and communication problems. The experiments on a wind farm in north china proved that the system is reliable and valid on abnormal condition detection for wind farm drive train.
Quenching Effect on the Dielectric Properties of PVDF/ZnO Composites
Authors: Zhang Hai Long , Fu Qiong , Li Wei Ping
Published: July 2013

In order to optimize the processing of preparation for dielectric percolative polymer composites, the quenching effect on the dielectric properties of PVDF/ZnO composites is studied. It is found that rapid cooling treatment can accelerate the percolation process and promote the formation of percolative network when the content of filler is more than 17%. The quenched samples show a classical percolation effect, accompanying the great increase of conductivity by orders of magnitude. And the maximum of dielectric constant is up to 780, which is 4 times more than that of slow cooled samples.
Dielectric Response of Structured Multilayered Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films
Authors: Jiang Long , Fu Qiong , Li Wei Ping
Published: July 2013

To make clear the effect of thickness and layer number on the dielectric property of poly (vinylidenedi fluoride) (PVDF), the different multilayer films were prepared by spin coating. The relation between them has been explained by both experimental results and theoretical model. It is found the dielectric constant of multilayer increase linearly with the number of layers but decrease with the thickness. It is helpful to optimize the material structure and size parameters of polymer films for high energy capacitors.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Properties of PB-1/PP Blends
Authors: Zeng Wei , Hu Han Lin , Li Shu Cai
Published: July 2013

PB-1/PP blend was prepared by blending isotactic polybutene-1 and polypropylene with the ratio of 80/20 through Brabender extruder under melted condition, injected into the standard samples. After heat treatment at 75°C, the crystallization, crystal forms, dynamic mechanical properties, mechanical properties of the blends were studied via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and mechanical testing machines, respectively. It was found that after heat treatment: both the melt temperature and the melting enthalpy of crystal form I in PB-1 component increased, the melt peak of crystal form II decreased gradually, while the melt temperature and melting enthalpy of PP as a disperse phase, maintained unchanged basically; the storage modulus of the blend increased and the tan δ decreased a bit; the mechanical properties of the blend were improved noticeable.
Material Study for Porous Ceramic Filtration Applied on Ballast Water Treatment
Authors: Zhang Man Xia , Xue Qing , Tang Xiao Jia , Zhu Yi Min
Published: July 2013

For urgent requirement of onboard ballast water treatment, a combination method of wall-flow structure porous ceramic filtration (PCF) and UV radiation has been prompted and studied systematically in the lab. The paper mainly forcuses on the material selection for PCF in order to obtain a more effective, operational, durable and economic treatment. Hence four types of ceramic materials were compared, and a series of experiments were arranged to test alga removal efficiency, durability and differential pressure of the filters. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system was set up to assess filter performance from five aspects. The normalization results show that oxide ceramic wins carbide ceramic at three major fators: resistance, durability and cost.
Quantum Yield and Curing Velocity of Two α-Hydroxy Ketone Photoinitiators
Authors: Li Peng
Published: July 2013

The quantum yield is an important parameter to evaluate the initiation efficiency of photoinitiators and improve the curing velocity of photocurable materials. In this paper, two α-hydroxy ketone photoinitiators (Darocure1173 and Irgacure184) were studied based on the spectroscopic analysis and photo-initiated theory. Exposure fore-and-aft absorption spectra of samples with different exposure thickness (5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm and 25mm) were measured. Quantum yields were obtained by analyzing the relationship between the exposure thickness and evaluation error. The curing velocity related to different photoinitiator and photoinitiator mass percentage was studied. Results show that quantum yields of Darocure1173 and Irgacure184 are 0.277% and 0.207% respectively at absorption peak (247nm). Optimal proportions of two photoinitiators are 6% and 5% respectively. Darocure1173 is prior to Irgacure184 in curing velocity.
Study on Combination Use of Polycarboxylate Based Water Reducer and Lignosulphate Based Water Reducer
Authors: Lin Dong , Qiu Xue Qing , Lin Zhi Hao
Published: July 2013

Using the cement paste fluidity experiment, this paper carried out a comprehensive research on the effect of the binary compound water reducer of polycarboxylate based water reducer (PC) and lignosulphate based water reducer (LS). The results show that for the use of single water reducer,the plasticizing ability of PC was much better than that of LS. In PC, the plasticizing ability of polyether type polycarboxylate based water reducer (POLYETHER) was slightly higher than that of polyester type polycarboxylate based water reducer (POLYESTER); in LS, sodium lignosulphate based water reducer (SLS) was slightly higher than calcium lignosulphate based water reducer (CLS). For the use of compound water reducer, the compounding effect of PC with LS was good, and the compounding proportion had a significant influence on the compounding effect, the more the proportion of PC in the compound water reducer, the better the compounding effect. Regarding the compounding effect, POLYESTER was significantly better than POLYETHER, SLS slightly better than CLS; To explore the working mechanism of the compound water reducer, the adsorption amount of each component water reducer in the binary compound water reducer on the cement particles surface was measured respectively. The results of adsorption amount show that for the use of single water reducer,the adsorption amount of CLS is greater than that of POLYETHER under the same conditions. The adsorption amount of CLS in the use of compound water reducer was less than that in the use of single water reducer, while the adsorption amount of POLYETHER in the use of compound water reducer was more than that in the use of single water reducer.
Software Technology Research on Control System of Ultra High Pressure Water Jet Rust Removal Equipment
Authors: Sun Ling , Gong Yong Jun , Zhang Zeng Meng , Wang Zu Wen
Published: July 2013

Ship rust removal is an import part of ship-repair and shipbuilding process. Using high pressure water jet equipment causes no environmental pollution. The control and detection of high pressure water jet equipment is the key technology to ensure the system works properly. This study, in light of research on software programming of control system of ultra high pressure water jet ship rust removal equipment, establishes a control system based on PLC through the analysis of the structure and principles of the ultra-high pressure water jet equipment. On the basis of designing hardware circuit of PLC control system, this study mostly analyses software program, and experimental test suggests that the software programming can meet the requirements of system security.
Parameter Optimization on Bolt Supporting of Deep Roadway Surrounding Rock
Authors: Zhang Yan Kai , Yu Wei Jian
Published: July 2013

Aimed at the parameter optimization problem of bolt supporting in deep high stress roadway surrounding rock, by the numerical simulation method, support schemes were evaluated and optimized on north wing blind incline shaft in Shi-shang Mine. Based on original support scheme and considering the bolt spacing, row spacing and length, twenty programs were proposed and calculated, analyzed respectively. The results showed that as the inter-row of anchor increased, the deformation of roadway surrounding rock grow slowly in the first and then the growth was accelerated and there is a turning point between the two phases. With the anchor length reduced, the deformation of roadway surrounding rock showed the same law. Last, according to the results, the original supporting parameters were adjusted, and that is inter-row of anchor changed from 800mm×800mm to 1200mm×1600mm and length changed from 2000mm to 1600mm. After adjustment, the cost of supporting saved directly and it has provided technical support to promote rapid excavation.
Research on Drive-Part Control Strategy under the Influence of Environmental Temperature
Authors: Hu Xu Xiao , Xu Xin Rong , Chen Gang , Chen Han Tao
Published: July 2013

In order to reduce the influence of environmental temperature changes, the drive part mixed control strategy of PI and based on output feedback is presented in this paper. Firstly, the mathematic model of thermal drive-parts was established by experiments and conservation law of energy. Then the controller based on output feedback was designed .At last the PI controller using predicting model to reduce the influence of controller was designed. AAAAA show that 136 nm control precision was obtained by PI control and 20 nm control precision was obtained by the combination method of PI and control with environmental temperature change of 6°C AAAAAAA .
Analysis on Structure of Active Disturbances Rejection Controller
Authors: Han Zhao Lin , Ma Huan , Ge Long Ling
Published: July 2013

Regarding the Active Disturbances Rejection Controller (ADRC) as main line, this present paper has Introduced Extended State Observer (ESO), Tracking Differentiator (TD), Nonlinear State Error Feedback (NLSEF), which are all the key parts of ADRC, in addition, the realization means and specific structure of ADRC is included. In ADRC control system, it is not necessary to identify the plant model and the form of external disturbance, but taking the unified model parameter perturbations and external disturbances on the system as a system disturbance for real-time compensation, therefor the control system has very good adaptability and robustness.
Prediction Modeling of Hot Metal Silicon Content in Blast Furnace Based on PSO-LSSVM
Authors: Wang Long Hui , Gao Song , Qu Xing , Tang Yao Geng
Published: July 2013

The hot metal silicon content is important for the quality of the iron, but also as an indicator of the thermal state of the furnace. In order to stable operation of the blast furnace, a model is needed to predict hot metal silicon content more accurately. Towards this goal, a model based on least square support vector machine (LSSVM) is developed to model and predict hot metal silicon content, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted to search the optimal set of the LSSVM model parameters. Prediction experiment is conducted based on the data obtained from a blast furnace past operation records in a steel tube plant and being preprocessed in several different ways. The experimental results show that the proposed methods yielded more accurate predictions than the neural network modeling methods.
Applications Analysis of the Technology of Mold Electromagnetic Stirring in a Steel Mill
Authors: Liao Ya Li , Yao Yu Feng
Published: July 2013

This article mainly analyzes that some steels select mold electromagnetic stirring technique in billet continuous casting production, improve the slab quality effectively in all directions,analyzes how to refine crystal axis with electromagnetic stirring technology, improve the rate of equiaxed crystal, make less bubbles on the slab surface and subsurface, reduce the non-metallic inclusions ,reduce the crack on the surface of the production, reduce the central segregation and make the solidified shell uniform, and etc in detail according to the relevant data. It also put forward some corresponding solutions in accordance with the problems in the production of electromagnetic stirring with billet caster mold in this factory.
Research on the Auto-Modeling Technology and Load Distribution Optimization for Multi-Bolt Composite Joints
Authors: Peng Xiao Bo , Hou Chi , Wan Xiao Peng
Published: July 2013

This paper presents the development and validation of an auto-modeling technology for generating the finite element models of multi-bolt composite joints. Firstly, a highly efficient modeling strategy for bolted joints are introduced, the shell elements are used to model the connected plates, the bolts are represented by a combination of beam elements coupled to a serials of additional contact nodes, the contact between bolts and plates is simulated by Gap elements for NASTRAN. Secondly, the procedure of the auto-modeling technology is explained and the corresponding code is programed with PCL (Patran Command Language) to implement the models generating, which can read modeling control parameters in the data files and generate the finite element models automatically. Thirdly, the auto-modeling procedure is discussed in detail, including the meshing method for both single bolt joint and multi-bolt joint. Finally, a structural optimization based on the auto-modeling technique and an optimization program of GA (Genetic Algorithms) is carried out, and the result shows that the auto-modeling technique proposed in this paper is highly efficient and time-saving, and its application will help to shield engineers from the complex and time-consuming model creation process.
The Research of Trivariate Normalized Tight Frames and Pseudoframes of Subspace Based on a Pyramid Decomposition Scheme
Authors: Wang Shi Heng
Published: July 2013

The notion of trivariate normalized tight frames and a generalized multiresolution struc-ture and the concept of subspace trivariate affine pseudoframes are introduced. The pyramid decom-position scheme of a generalized multiresolution structure (GMRS) is established, which is generaliz-ation of Mallat's pyramid algorithm. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the pyramid decomposition scheme of space is presented. Moreover, affine trivariate pseudo frame expansions of are constructed by virtue of the pyramid decomposition scheme.
The Stability and Perturbation of Bivariate Gabor Frames and Applications in Material Engineering
Authors: Yuan De You
Published: July 2013

Material science broadly encompasses the fundamental study of solid matter with the goal of engineering new materials with superior properties, and ultimately enabling altogether new types of devices The window functions and bivariate Gabor frames are introduced. The existence of bivariate Gabor frames with compact support is discussed. Sufficient conditions for irregular bivariate Gabor system to be frames are presented by means of frame multiresolution analysis and paraunitary vector filter bank theory. An algorithm for constructing a sort of orthogonal bivariate vector-valued wavelets with compact support is proposed, and their properties are investigated. The pyramid decomposition scheme is derived based on a generalized multiresolution structure.
Effect of Zinc Ion on the Electrochemical and Thermal Performance of Polyaniline/Activated Carbon Composites Prepared by In Situ Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Li Chen , Tian Yan Hong , Zhang Xue Jun
Published: July 2013

Using dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as surfactant, composites of polyaniline (PANI)/activated carbon (AC) with core-shell structures were prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization in the presence of different concentrations of zinc ion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier-transform IR (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to analyze morphologies and structures of the composites. Thermal stability of the composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The electrochemical properties of PANI/AC composites were studied by galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The composites exhibited different electrochemical and thermal behavior, which was found to be a function of the concentration of zinc ion.
Study on Neutral Point Earthed Method of Green Power System
Authors: Li Fei Gao , Meng Yan Hua , Shi Shao Bing
Published: July 2013

This paper mainly is study on power system working state with neutral point different grounded methods, when the power system is normal working and the single-phase grounding. And further analysis of the different operating modes of voltage and current relationships, expounds the different operation occasions and characteristics.
Analysis and Suppression of Detent Force in PMLSM
Authors: Li Hong , Gao Cai Xia
Published: July 2013

Detent force has been become the main source of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) shake and noise, is also a primary factor to evaluate the performance of PMLSM. To improve performance and reduce noise of PMLSM, in which the end component of detent force affects mainly on the machine performance, the paper presents its mechanism, reduction technique and research also the slot-tooth component under using the technique. The finite element method (FEM) is adopted to attain the relation of between the detent force and the mover position, and analyze profoundly the waveform of the end component and the slot-tooth component, especially at the outlet end. At the same time, the end shape of the primary core is optimum to suppress the end component of detent force. According to the analysis results on the left and right end component of detent force, the method of Fourier series to research the end component at the outlet end is unreasonable. As results show that the change of the end shape is effective technique to reduce the end component and not to influence slot-tooth component. FEA results are confirmed by the experimental ones.
Optimal Design of Broadband and Large Dynamic Range IF AGC Circuit
Authors: Wang Ming Fei , Cao Peng , Sun Hui Yong , Xu Ming Jin
Published: July 2013

The bandwidth and the dynamic range is the critical performance parameter of IF AGC (Intermediate Frequency Automatic Gain Control) in wireless receiver. In order to design broadband and large dynamic range IF AGC circuit, the main functions and performance of the VGA (Variable Gain Amplifier) AD8367 and the logarithmic amplifier AD8318 are analyzed. A kind of a broadband large dynamic range IF AGC module is designed by using these two chips. Detail circuit is provided; key technology of AGC module is analyzed and the actual testing results are offered. Compared to the traditional AGC circuit, the module is simple; it has small size and obvious advantages in broadband and large dynamic range.
Research on Composite Detection Algorithm of Ship Attitude Measurement
Authors: Xu Ding Jie , Chen Xiao , Shen Feng
Published: July 2013

Ship attitude measurement is one of routine testing project in the field of ship navigation and control, the commonly way to receive information is based on the ship inertial information or the acquisition and analysis of GPS navigator. As inertial navigation would generate cumulative error during operation, so it is necessary to regular calibration during running. In the other hand it is difficult to achieve a more accurate measurement of the posture of the posture by the constraints of the real environment in using traditional GPS attitude measuring device. Therefore, this paper presents a composite measure posture based on the Kalman data fusion algorithm fusion algorithm.
Research of Radar Controllers' Workload in Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Model
Authors: Tang Wei Zhen
Published: July 2013

This issue aims at evaluating the radar controllers workload with Fuzzy matter-element analysis and grey relational analysis, based on every part of air traffic control work which takes services that air traffic controller offers to pilots and the radar control procedure into consideration. Focusing the result of evaluation this paper shows the relative membership grade between workloads and parts of the radar control work. The conclusion of this research helps improving controllers workload management and making the safety situation better.
Modeling on Threat Assessment System of Reentry-Course Ballistic Missile
Authors: Xiao Jin Ke , Wang Gang , Guo Xiang Ke , Fu Qiang
Published: July 2013

In order to assess threat of reentry-course ballistic missile comprehensively and rationally,a concept of defense object is put forward,which is integration of conservation-shot resource and theater critical area;then index system of threat assessment of reentry-course ballistic missile and frame of model is constructed;on this basis,quantized method of index system is gived and threat assessment model of multiple defense object and multiple ballistic missile is established;frame and algorithm flow of grey relationship analysis based on entropy is proposed. Practically applications indicate that the model is valid and the algorithm is feasible.
Health Monitoring and Reinforcement of the Cold and Dry Area Roads and Bridges
Authors: Wang Zhi Yuan , Liu Lai Jun
Published: July 2013

Bridge disease worsening in cold and dry area, maintenance and repair of the bridge has drawn world wide attention, and that can be used for the repair and reinforcement of bridge funding is very limited, which requires accurate evaluation and prediction of the technical condition of the existing bridge, so as to formulate the appropriate maintenance strategy. Based on the current highway bridge maintenance condition of cold and dry area,this dissertation researches evaluation on bridge technical condition and model forecasting aiming at bridges of cold area,and programs Highway Bridge of cold area maintaining and executive system according to the periodical bridges testing data,consequently educing the maintenance and reinforcement strategy.
Numerical Integration Combined Gaussian Quadrature with Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm in Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Lai Zhi Zhu , Ge Dong Mei , Zhang Yun Yan
Published: July 2013

Several numerical integral error results of Gaussian Quadrature based on subdividing the integral interval arbitrarily is presented, and then an approach for solving numerical integration based on Gaussian Quadrature and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) in Manufacturing Engineering is proposed. SFLA is used to optimize the points in the integral interval in order to get a more precise result with using Gaussian Quadrature in every small segment. Simulation examples of integral validate the algorithm that can compute both singularity functions integral.
Research of PID Controller in Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Que Jian Hua
Published: July 2013

An analog design method of PID digital controller for multiple Indicator unified optimization is established, screening the optimal combination of PID parameters using MATLAB simulation value. The paper proposed and established a new PID digital controller analog design method of multi-index optimization. Studies have shown that the method can be used for the sampling period of 1 ~ 5ms PID digital controller Multiple Attribute Decision analog design, and can be used independently,without PID empirical data and other design methods ; provide arepresentative example design, verify the the effectiveness of the method.
Design of Cleaning Robot Autonomous Charging System
Authors: Han Dong Qi , Li Jin
Published: July 2013

A system of cleaning robots independent charge containing hardware system and software system is designed. The hardware circuit of charging station includes a power supply circuit, the battery constant current charging circuit of charging current which can be regulated by the hardware and software, position coding signal transmitting circuit. This paper also presents a new independent charging algorithm that the robot can search automatically charging station using the random walk model in unknown environment, so that the robot have the ability to find independently the charging station. The results show that the cleaning robot can complete automatic charging, and the success rate is 100%.
Design of the NC Software of a Micro Mill Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Niu Jing Li , Chen Jing , Chen Dong Hai
Published: July 2013

LabVIEW provides a new development platform for the design of NC software for its multi-task parallel and real-time processing. This paper discussed the design of the NC software of a micro mill based on LabVIEW. Six modules of the NC software, composed of such as algorithms of decoder, cutter compensation, interpolation, were analyzed in detail with structured analysis methods. NC codes simulation was carried out using the software. The results showed that it can complete NC functions such as line interpolation, circular interpolation, and cutter compensation.
Research on Capability Deployment of ASW Systems
Authors: Wu Xiao Yong , Zhong Wei Jun
Published: July 2013

In anti-submarine war systems of system (ASW-SOS), each operational node has a variety of combat capabilities, which play different roles in anti-submarine actions, and these abilities have their own range. Therefore, after definition and description of ability of operational node, calculation of comprehensive ability index, and built of weighted voronoi diagram (WVD), the analysis approach of operational ability of ASW-SOS is formed. After generating various capabilities WVD, this paper analyzes impact of change brought by global dynamic deployment, and puts forward adaptive optimization solution. The simulation results show that, by using the technology of WVD, the ability of static distribution and dynamic change process can be demonstrated clearly and precisely, and this method has strong practicality
Design of Ultrasonic Ranging Circuit Based on STC Microcontroller
Authors: Luo Rui , Zhang Zi Hong
Published: July 2013

In this paper, based on the 18B20 temperature compensation circuit for ultrasonic ranging circuit, can eliminate the influence of environmental temperature on ultrasonic velocity, this paper introduced the ultrasonic ranging system, the system includes ultrasonic transmitting circuit, receiving circuit and display circuit, the results of the experiment show that, the system detection distance can be up to 12M, the error is in the allowable range, the range finder the system performance is stable, high measurement accuracy, distance, has a certain practicality and market promotion value.
Shape-Controllable Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of InVO4 Microstructures as Electrode Materials for Li-Ion Battery
Authors: Duan Fang , Wang Jun , Chen Ming Qing
Published: July 2013

In this work, sphere-like, star-like and rod-like InVO4microstructures were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal process without using any organic additives or templates, this gives a new path for convenient synthesis of InVO4microstructures with different morphologies. The possible formation mechanisms for the InVO4microstructures with different shapes are elucidated. Furthermore, the electrochemical intercalation performances with Li+of the as-prepared InVO4samples are investigated. The reversible discharge capacities of sphere-like, star-like and rod-like InVO4microstructures were 484.2 mAh g-1, 551.0 mAh g-1, and 603.3 mAh g-1, respectively. The results indicated that the morphologies of InVO4products had effect on their electrochemical properties.
A Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Fracture in Nanocrystalline Copper
Authors: Pei Lin Qing , Lu Cheng , Tieu Kiet , Zhu Hong Tao , Zhao Xing , Cheng Kui Yu , Zhang Liang
Published: July 2013

A large-scale molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the propagation of cracks in three dimensional samples of nanocrystalline copper, with average grain sizes ranging from 5.34 to 14.8 nm and temperatures ranging from 1K to 500 K. It was shown that intragranular fracture can proceed inside the grain at low temperature, and plastic deformation around the tip of the crack is accommodated by dislocation nucleation/emission; indeed, both fully extended dislocation and deformation twinning were visible around the tip of the crack during fracture. In addition, due to a higher concentration of stress in front of the crack at a relative lower temperature, it was found that twinning deformation is easier to nucleate from the tip of the crack. These results also showed that the decreasing grain size below a critical value exhibits a reverse Hall-Petch relationship due to the enhancing grain boundary mediation, and high temperature is better for propagating ductile cracks.
Change in Electric Field Distribution in Non-Reducing BaTiO3 Based-Dielectric Layer Loaded at High Temperature
Authors: Okamoto Takafumi , Ando Akira , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: July 2013

The electric field distributions in loaded dielectric layers of multilayer ceramic capacitors were investigated at several stages of insulation degradation for the load, using Kelvin probe force microscopy. The electric field distribution was found to be different at each stage of loaded time. Initially, the electric field was concentrated near the cathode, indicating that the insulation resistance near the anode decreased. Then, following the homogeneous distribution shown for an intermediate stage, the electric field eventually concentrated near the anode. This change indicates how insulation degradation occurs locally; this change can plausibly be explained by a hole density increase.
Preparation of (La,Sr)MnO3 Thin Film by Chemical Solution Deposition
Authors: Sasajima Keiichi , Uchida Hiroshi
Published: July 2013

Thin films of (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSMO) were fabricated by industrial-versatile chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique. Well [100]-oriented LSMO films were fabricated at 650-750 °C by use of buffer layers of LaNiO3 buffer layer on a silicon substrate. The product of lower electrical resistivity is promising as an electrode of fatigue-free ferroelectric capacitor.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of Ba4Ti12O27
Authors: Kataoka Kunimitsu , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Iyo Akira , Ohshima Ken-Ichi , Akimoto Junji
Published: July 2013

Polycrystalline sample of the reduced barium titanate Ba4Ti12O27 was prepared by solid state reaction in Ar atmosphere. The magnetic susceptibility was nearly temperature independent in the range of 75-300 K, suggesting the Van Vleck Paramagnetism. The temperature dependence of the electric conductivity does not obey any Arrhenius type behavior.
Effect of Sb Addition on the Electrical Characteristics of Bi-Based ZnO Varistors Containing Zr and Y
Authors: Watanabe Takayuki , Tokoro Yosuke , Sato Yuuki , Yoshikado Shinzo
Published: July 2013

The effects of adding Sb to a BiMnCoSiCrNiYZr-added ZnO varistor (with the same composition as a commercial varistor) on the varistor voltage, leakage current, and resistance to electrical degradation were investigated. Bi is incorporated in spinel particles, and δ-Bi2O3eventually disappears with the addition of small amounts of Bi, especially as the amount of Sb2O3added increased. Reduction in both the nonlinearity index and the amount of δ-Bi2O3for small amounts of added Bi with the addition of more than approximately 1.25 mol% Sb2O3demonstrates that Sb inhibits Bi2O3from forming deep interfacial impurity levels at the grain boundaries. The sample containing 1.2 mol% Bi2O3, 1.0 mol% ZrO2, 1.0 mol% Y2O3, and 1.5 mol% Sb2O3added exhibits a high varistor voltage (approximately 630 V/mm), high resistance to electrical degradation and low leakage current.
Preparation and Characterization of Highly-Dispersed and Highly-Crystalline Barium Titanate Nanoparticles
Authors: Kita Tatsuya , Takei Takahiro , Kumada Nobuhiro , Nakashima Kouichi , Fujii Ichiro , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Wada Satoshi
Published: July 2013

Highly dispersed barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) nanoparticles were prepared by the new 2-step thermal decomposition method of barium titanyl oxalate of 30 nm in size. The nanoparticles were heated at 450 °C for 5 hours in air to yield intermediate product: Ba2Ti2O5CO3. Highly dispersed BaTiO3 nanoparticles were prepared by rotationally stirring it at the reduced pressure of 0.2 Pa at various temperatures between 800 °C and 900 °C. The particle size and morphology of the BaTiO3 nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. These measurements showed that the BT nanoparticles were highly dispersed and well-crystallized.
Ferroelectric Properties and Domain Clamping of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 Single Crystals Grown under High-Oxygen-Pressure Atmosphere
Authors: Kitanaka Yuuki , Onozuka Hiroaki , Noguchi Yuji , Miyayama Masaru
Published: July 2013

Top-seeded solution growth method under high-oxygen-pressure atmosphere has been developed for obtaining high-performance and large-sized single crystals of ferroelectric (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT). Crystals grown at 1000 °C at a Po2 of 0.9 MPa exhibited a well-saturated hysteresis with a remanent polarization of 34 μC/cm2 and a coercive field of 22 kV/cm along <100>cubic. The spontaneous polarization of BNT along <111>cubic is estimated to be 59 μC/cm2 from the measured polarization properties along <100>cubic of the crystals obtained. Domain observations using piezoresponse force microscopy revealed that the degraded performance of BNT crystals grown at a low Po2 is attributed to unswitched 71° domains remaining even after applying a high electric field to the crystals .
Preparation of Strontium Titanate Nanocube Particles Using Complex Titanium Raw Materials and their Accumulations
Authors: Wada Satoshi , Kera Masatoshi , Goto Takayuki , Iwatsuki Shogo , Fujii Ichiro , Nakashima Kouichi
Published: July 2013

In this study, strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) nanocube particles were successfully prepared, with a size of 12 nm, normal size distribution with standard deviation of 10 %, and sharp edge corner, by solvothermal method using complex titanium raw materials of TiO2and titanium isoproxide. Moreover, the well-dispersed ST nanocube slurry was also prepared using electric double layer with hydrochloric acid. Finally, using the ST nanocube slurry, ST nanocube accumulation was prepared by two kinds of forces of capillary force and absorption force by plaster. The obtained ST nanocube accumulation was not 3-dimentional aliened ST nanocube structure, but randomly piled structure.
Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on the Piezoelectric Response of Oriented Barium Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Fujii Ichiro , Mori Rintaro , Nakashima Kouichi , Hayashi Hiroshi , Nagamori Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Yuichi , Suzuki Tohru , Wada Satoshi
Published: July 2013

The piezoelectric response of [11-oriented, fine-grained BaTiO3 ceramics was investigated. It was found that an exposure of the BaTiO3 compacts to high-pressure, high-temperature steam in an autoclave promoted the orientation of the sintered ceramics. As temperature in the autoclave increased, the orientation increased. A large small-field piezoelectric constant of d33 = 517 pC/N was observed for the oriented BaTiO3 ceramics with the grain size of 1.76 μm and the Lotgering factor of 85.3 %.
Synthesis of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 by a Microwave Heating Method
Authors: Ose Takumi , Kaga Tomonori , Higuchi Masashi , Katayama Keiichi
Published: July 2013

Lithium nickel manganese oxide, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized by a microwave heating method. Synthesized samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical properties. The results revealed that spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders can be directly synthesized by microwave heating. The precursor prepared using 48 to 64 g of PVA solution would be best to synthesize LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 successfully by microwave heating.
The Homogeneous Design of Large Area Film Hollow Cathode Plasma Graft Polymerization
Authors: Wen Yi Fang , Chen Chuang , Chen Xin , Rui Yan Nian , Ding Ning
Published: July 2013

CRFHCP RF hollow cathode plasma graft polymerization has characteristics of discharge density, high discharging efficiency, good surface modification effect, discharge area and regional separation, applies to modify large area thin film material surface. The uniformity modifying large area plasma material surface is the technical difficulty related technical personnel has been concerned with, the key point restricting HCRFCP technology industrialization application too. This paper analyzes influence factors of the large area thin film materials plasma graft polymerization uniformity; applies simulation software and mathematical models; makes optimized design to the hollow cathode discharge electrodes and graft polymerization distributing pipe. The experiment proved, the uniformity processing large area battery diaphragm is better to apply the hollow cathode plasma graft polymerization, and is suitable for industrial application.
Profile Modification of Involute Spur Cylindrical Gear Pair Used in Timing Transmission System of Automobile and its Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Wei Yan Gang , Yang Yang , Lin Ta Jin , Gao Ming Cheng
Published: July 2013

According to the FEA simulation results of tooth deformations in the mesh process, the profile modification of the involute spur cylindrical gear pairs used in timing transmission system of an automobile are designed based on the methods and theories proposed by domestic and oversea scholars and experts. The dynamic simulations of the gear pairs with straight line modification profile and involute modification profile under different values of modification amounts are done using dynamic analysis software ADAMS. Then it is testified by simulation results that (i)the mesh impact between the gear pairs with involute correction profile is obviously smaller than those between the gear pairs with straight line correction profile and without correction, (ii) optimized value of modification amounts of the gear pairs with involute correction profile is different that of the gear pairs with straight line correction profile under the same work condition.
Construction of the Growth-Ability Structural Model for Enterprises in the Agricultural Products Processing Industry
Authors: Qi Xiu Hui , Wang Wei , Wu Zhi Yong
Published: July 2013

Along with the current development of economy in China, it is one of the key issues to how to solve the growth of enterprises in the agricultural product processing industry with the respects to the solutions to three dimensional rural issues and the construction of harmonious society. In this paper, on the frame of the factor system which will influence the growth ability of enterprises in the agricultural product processing industry, the effective factors have been selected by applying the Delphi method. A diamond model for the growth ability of enterprises in the agricultural product processing industry has been designed on the basis of the Principal Component Analysis, which has given a direction to enterprises in the agricultural product processing industry for their further developments of the growth ability.
Effect of the Impact Load on Joining Region of the Friction Stir Jointing for 7022 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Hong Feng , Wang J.L. , Song W.W. , Zuo Dun Wen , Duan X.L.
Published: July 2013

The impact experiment of the joining workpiece of the friction stir jointing for 7022 aluminum alloy was made by the impact load experiment machine. The objective was studying the effect of the different joining process parameters of the FSJ on impact toughness. The results showed the impact toughness of the joining region was lower than that of the base metal when the rotation speed of the tool was 300rpm and the feed speed was 30 and 50mm•min-1, the impact toughness of the joining region of the other joining process parameters was higher than that of the base metal. The impact toughness of the joining region was the best when the rotation speed of the tool was 400rpm and the feed speed was 100mm•min-1. It is higher than 22.3% of the base metal. The impact fracture of the joining region was mainly dimple; only fracture edge appeared a small amount of the quasi cleavage. The fracture presented good toughness.
Research on Noise Test and Distribution Model of Different Groove Inserts in Dry Milling Process
Authors: Cheng Yao Nan , Wang Hai Ting , Zhao Hong , Wu Ming Yang , Liu Li
Published: July 2013

For 45steel, the noise test of different groove milling inserts in milling processing is carried on and the distribution model is studied. Firstly, the cutting noise test system is designed and the acquisition scheme of the test points is determined; secondly, the noise tests in the dry milling process are carried on and the test results are analyzed. Also the influence degree of different milling parameters on the noise of milling inserts is analyzed and the distribution situation of the noise size with different milling parameters is compared; finally, using stepwise regression analysis method, the milling noise distribution models of different groove inserts are set up. Research shows that: in the same machining conditions, different groove inserts, which with complex grooves and a periodic function grooves have the best machining performance. All above study results will provide a certain theoretic base for improving the workshop environment, controlling and predicting the noise and optimizing the design of insert groove.
The Research on the Cutting Properties of Nano TiN Modified TiC-Based CERMETS Cutters
Authors: Yang Hai Dong , Zhang H. , Hu J.L. , Qing Z.H.
Published: July 2013

The lives of the two CERMETS cutters were investigated when turning 45carbon steel in the same cutting condition. The effect of tool orthogonal clearance on tool life was also researched in this paper. The results of the experiment were indicated as: the cutting performance of Nano TiN modified TiC-based CERMETS cutters was obviously superior to that of ultra-fine Ti(C, N)-based CERMETS cutters. And the length of cutting path of the two cutters was longest with the tool orthogonal clearance of 3-4°.
Analytical Modelling of Bond Strength Degradation due to Reinforcement Corrosion
Authors: Nepal Jaya , Chen Hua Peng , Alani Amir M.
Published: July 2013

The bond between concrete and steel is the critical element of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, which directly affects their load carrying capacity and serviceability. Hence the evaluation of bond strength degradation is an essential parameter to predict the residual strength of RC structures affected by reinforcement corrosion. Existing research studies in this field mainly focus on numerical and experimental investigations. Few attempts have been made using analytical approach but there is still a need of reliable model which considers the critical mechanical factors affecting the bond strength of corroded RC structures. This paper presents a simple and realistic analytical model of bond strength degradation by using fracture mechanics combining the action of adhesion, confining pressure and corrosion pressure at steel concrete interface. Finally, the results obtained from the proposed model are examined with published experimental data. The study demonstrates that the proposed analytical model agrees with the experimental data of existing investigations.
Investigation of Dynamic Response of a Railway Bridge Equipped with a Tailored SHM System
Authors: Kołakowski Przemysław , Mroz Arkadiusz , Sala Damian , Pawłowski Piotr , Sekuła Krzysztof , Świercz Andrzej
Published: July 2013

A railway bridge has been the object of investigation in the context of structural health monitoring (SHM). The current work is focused on utilization of experimental data for refining a numerical model of the structure as well as on tests of dynamic excitations using a controlled hydraulic shaker and passing trains. The numerical model has been matched to experimental measurements using experimental modal analysis - classical and operational. The tailored SHM system for monitoring of the bridge consists of 15 piezoelectric strain sensors taking advantage of wireless communication for data transfer. Experimental responses of the bridge collected by the SHM system are confronted with the ones produced by the FE numerical model of the bridge. The long-term objective of the investigation is to elaborate a method for assessment of structural condition and prediction of remaining lifetime of the bridge.
Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring of a Simulated Beam with a Breathing Crack
Authors: Kullaa Jyrki , Santaoja Kari , Eymery Anthony
Published: July 2013

Cracking is a common type of failure in machines and structures. Cracks must be detected at an early stage before catastrophic failure. In structural health monitoring, changes in the vibration characteristics of the structure can be utilized in damage detection. A fatigue crack with alternating contact and non-contact phases results in a non-linear behaviour. This type of damage was simulated with a finite element model of a simply supported beam. The structure was monitored with a sensor array measuring transverse accelerations under random excitation. The objective was to determine the smallest crack length that can be detected. The effect of the sensor locations was also studied. Damage detection was performed using the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) in time domain followed by principal component analysis (PCA). Extreme value statistics (EVS) were used for novelty detection. It was found that a crack in the bottom of the midspan could be detected once the crack length exceeded 10% of the beam height. The crack was correctly localized using the monitoring data.