bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Public’s Perception of the Severity and Global Impact at the Start of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Crowdsourcing-Based Cross-Sectional Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Shauly Orr , Stone Gregory , Gould Daniel
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 is a rapidly developing threat to most people in the United States and abroad. The behaviors of the public are important to understand, as they may have a tremendous impact on the course of this novel coronavirus pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This study intends to assess the US population’s perception and knowledge of the virus as a threat and the behaviors of the general population in response.

METHODS

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with random volunteers recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, an internet crowdsourcing service, on March 24, 2020.

RESULTS

A total of 969 participants met the inclusion criteria. It was found that the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly differed between age groups (P<.001) and men and women (P<.001). A majority of study participants were actively adhering to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS

Though many participants identified COVID-19 as a threat, many failed to place themselves appropriately in the correct categories with respect to risk. This may indicate a need for additional public education for appropriately defining the risk of this novel pandemic.
CBT-based App for Women Experiencing Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Stabolidis Arthur , Bryant Christina , Wadley Greg , Phillips Lisa
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is a costly and distressing condition and while psychological interventions are effective, they are often not utilised or available. Cost, stigma and lack of time are often presented as reasons for why some women with CPP do not engage with these therapies. Increasingly, technology-mediated therapies have been adopted in the management of long-term health conditions to help overcome barriers commonly associated with face-to-face interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to design and pilot a technology-based intervention for women experiencing CPP. We employed a user-centered approach involving women with CPP and clinicians in the co-design process.

METHODS

To co-design the intervention we conducted five participatory design workshops at a public hospital for women. The data gathered informed the design of an app-based intervention called appEase. We pilot tested appEase with women (N = 16) who were asked to use the app daily over 28 days. Data collected during the pilot included a series of baseline, mid- and post-intervention measures, and usage data collected from within the app.

RESULTS

Workshop findings suggested that a smartphone application, appEase, that delivers a course in mindfulness, pain education and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) was consistent with the goals and needs of this patient group. Pilot testing indicated that although appEase was designed to be used for a period of 28 days, the mean completion time for the intervention was 64 days. Ten participants (63%) experienced clinically significant reductions in Pain Catastrophising (PC), and nine (56%) experienced clinically significant increases in Pain Self-Efficacy (PSE). When asked how confident they would be in recommending the program to a person with chronic pain, the mean rating was 8.44 (out of 10).

CONCLUSIONS

Psychological therapy embodied in a smartphone app shows promise for women experiencing CPP. This study highlights the importance of co-design and provides a useful exemplar for designers of technology-mediated health programs for women experiencing CPP. Furthermore, it has produced a sound empirical basis for testing the efficacy of appEase in a randomised control trial.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not registered as it is a pilot study with no funding from national agencies
Clarification of Misleading Perceptions of COVID-19 Fatality and Testing Rates in Italy: Data Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Tosi Davide , Verde Alessandro , Verde Manuela
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The fatality rate of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Italy is controversial and is greatly affecting discussion on the impact of containment measures that are straining the world’s social and economic fabric, such as instigating large-scale isolation and quarantine, closing borders, imposing limits on public gatherings, and implementing nationwide lockdowns.

OBJECTIVE

The scientific community, citizens, politicians, and mass media are expressing concerns regarding data suggesting that the number of COVID-19–related deaths in Italy is significantly higher than in the rest of the world. Moreover, Italian citizens have misleading perceptions related to the number of swab tests that have actually been performed. Citizens and mass media are denouncing the coverage of COVID-19 swab testing in Italy, claiming that it is not in line with that in other countries worldwide.

METHODS

In this paper, we attempt to clarify the aspects of COVID-19 fatalities and testing in Italy by performing a set of statistical analyses that highlight the actual numbers in Italy and compare them with official worldwide data.

RESULTS

The analysis clearly shows that the Italian COVID-19 fatality and mortality rates are in line with the official world scenario, as are the numbers of COVID-19 tests performed in Italy and in the Lombardy region.

CONCLUSIONS

This up-to-date analysis may elucidate the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.
Early Breast Cancer Prediction Using Dermatoglyphics: Data Mining Pilot Study in a General Hospital in Iran (Preprint)
Authors: Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad , Almasizand Aysan , R. Niakan Kalhori Sharareh , Abbasi Sakineh
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Dermatoglyphics is the study of skin patterns on hands and feet. It has been shown in some studies that specific finger patterns could be a risk factor of breast cancer. There are several studies using data mining methods to evaluate the risk of breast cancer; while there is no or little study that evaluates finger patterns with data mining for breast cancer risk prediction.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate fingerprint patterns along with other easy-to-obtain features in the risk of breast cancer.

METHODS

A dataset containing 462 records includes female patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran was obtained. The dataset has comprised of age, menstruation age, menopause age, and situation, has a child, age at first live birth, family history of breast cancer, and figure print patterns features of hands. The factors weight was determined by the Information Gain index. Predictive models were built once without fingerprint features and once with fingerprint features using Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Deep Learning classifiers.

RESULTS

The most important factor determining breast cancer were age, having a child, menopause situation, and menopause age. The best performance belongs to the RF model with accuracy and AUC of 84.43% and 0.923 respectively. The fingerprint patterns feature increased the RF accuracy from 79.44% to 84.43%.

CONCLUSIONS

An early breast cancer screening model could be built with the use of data mining methods. The fingerprint patterns could increase the performance of these models. The Random Forest model could be used. The results of such models could be used in designing apps for self-screening breast cancer.
Smartphone-Based Experience Sampling in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Feasibility and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bartels Sara Laureen , van Knippenberg Rosalia J M , Malinowsky Camilla , Verhey Frans R J , de Vugt Marjolein E
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Daily functioning of people with cognitive disorders such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is usually depicted by retrospective questionnaires, which can be memory-biased and neglect fluctuations over time or contexts.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines the feasibility and usability of applying the experience sampling method (ESM) in people with MCI to provide a detailed and dynamic picture of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive patterns in everyday life.

METHODS

For 6 consecutive days, 21 people with MCI used an ESM app on their smartphones. At 8 semi-random timepoints per day, participants filled in momentary questionnaires on mood, activities, social context, and subjective cognitive complaints. Feasibility was determined through self-reports and observable human-technology interactions. Usability was demonstrated on an individual and group level.

RESULTS

Of the 21 participants, 3 dropped out due to forgetting to carry their smartphones or forgetting the study instructions. In the remaining 18 individuals, the compliance rate was high, at 78.7%. Participants reported that momentary questions reflected their daily experiences well. Of the 18 participants, 13 (72%) experienced the increase in awareness of their own memory functions as pleasant or neutral.

CONCLUSIONS

Support was found for the general feasibility of smartphone-based experience sampling in people with MCI. However, many older adults with MCI are currently not in possession of smartphones, and study adherence seems challenging for a minority of individuals. Momentary data can increase the insights into daily patterns and may guide the person-tailored development of self-management strategies in clinical settings.
Modeling geographical spread of COVID-19 in India using network-based approach (Preprint)
Authors: Kumar Ankush
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 pandemic is a global concern, due to its high spreading and alarming fatality rate. Mathematical models can play a decisive role in mitigating the spread and predicting the growth of the epidemic. India is a large country, with a highly variable inter-state mobility, and dynamically varying infection cases in different locations; thus, the existing models, based solely on the aspects of growth rates, or generalized network concepts, may not provide desired predictions. The internal mobility of a country must be considered, for accurate prediction.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to propose a framework for predicting the geographical spread of COVID-19 based on human mobility, by incorporating migration and transport statistics. The motivation of the research is to identify the locations, which can be at higher level COVID -19 spread risk, during migrants transfer and transportation activities.

METHODS

We use reported COVID-19 cases, census migration data, and monthly airline data of passengers.

RESULTS

We discover that spreading depends on the spatial distribution of existing cases, human mobility patterns, and administrative decisions. In India, the mobility towards professional sites can surge incoming cases at Maharastra and Karnataka, while migration towards the native places can risk Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. We anticipate that the state Kerala, with one of the highest cases of COVID-19, may not receive significant incoming cases, while Karnataka and Haryana may receive the challenge of high incoming cases, with medium cases so far. Using airline passenger's data, we also estimate the number of potential incoming cases at various airports. The study predicts that the airports located in the region of north India are vulnerable, whereas in the northeast India and in some south India are relatively safe.

CONCLUSIONS

A model is developed for systematically understanding the effect of migration and transport on the spreading of COVID-19, and predetermining the hotspots on real time basis. Through the model, we identified the airports and states that are at higher level of COVID-19 risk. The study can guide policymakers in prior planning of transport and estimate the required medical and quarantine facilities to minimize the impact of COVID-19.
Anxiety and Coping with Anxiety in Patients with COVID-19: A review of the existing literature (Preprint)
Authors: Akhigbe Taiwo
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with significant fear and extreme anxiety in patients; this can lead to strong emotional state that can negatively impact their mental health and immune system. While the nature and effect of COVID-19 on mental health status yet to be determined , existing literatures offer some clues to understand what to expect in dealing with COVID-19 anxiety.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of anxiety and coping with anxiety in COVID-19 patients

METHODS

This is a narrative review of existing literature relevant to COVID-19 pandemic via PUBMed, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR database on anxiety in patients with COVID- 19 and represented in a search flow. Articles search with use of key words in various permutations and combinations

RESULTS

Total number of 73 articles were identified, following deduplication and exclusion of non-relevant studies two major articles, observational and randomized controlled trials were identified with broad themes of specifically on effect of anxiety on COVID-19 patients. These two publications were written in English and from Chinese centres.

CONCLUSIONS

Current evidence revealed that increased social capital will improved sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress of patients in self-isolation, also progressive muscle relaxation has a positive effect on improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety in patients with COVID-19. These findings have some serious clinical and public health implications hence this is a call for further research

CLINICALTRIAL

Nil
The psychological impact of lockdown on international communities amid COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Haruna Khalid
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has driven many nations globally into a forced lockdown. It is perceived that uncertain situations such as the one created by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) lead to increased anxiety among the general population

OBJECTIVE

Therefore, in this paper, we aimed to assess and compare the lockdown stressors using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder level (GAD-7) of Bruneians and Pakistanis amid enforced lockdown imposed by the governments.

METHODS

We sampled people from Brunei and Pakistan by using a cross-sectional study approach and received 350 responses.

RESULTS

Outcomes of the survey suggest that Pakistanis are more anxious (51%) with the lockdown as compared to Bruneians (39.6%). Gender-specific anxiety was commonly observed among Bruneians (p=0.009), while among Pakistani population reliability on family income sources (p=0.018) significantly contributed to anxiety. Correlation results suggest that COVID-19 lockdown stressors were positively associated with anxiety among both populations amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Results revealed that Bruneians are more influenced by economic factors (r=.285, P=.000), socializing (r=.316, P=.000), and daily life influences (r=.510, P=.000). On another hand, Pakistanis are more worried about shopping for food and necessities (r=.479, P=.000), use of public transport (r=.296, P=.000), and worrying about gathering for events (r=.395, P=.000).

CONCLUSIONS

The study reveals that it is crucial for the government and other policymakers worldwide to address anxiety issues of their populace amid pandemic.
Perceptions, Knowledge, and Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Among Social Media Users: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ali Khawla F , Whitebridge Simon , Jamal Mohammad H , Alsafy Mohammad , Atkin Stephen L
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Social media is one of the most rapid and impactful ways of obtaining and delivering information in the modern era.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to rapidly obtain information on public perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors related to COVID-19 in order to identify deficiencies in key areas of public education.

METHODS

Using a cross-sectional study design, a survey web link was posted on the social media and messaging platforms Instagram, Twitter, and WhatsApp by the study investigators. Participants, aged ≥18 years, filled out the survey on a voluntary basis. The main outcomes measured were knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, protective measures against COVID-19, and source(s) of information about COVID-19. Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine the effects of age, gender, underlying illness, and working or studying in the health care industry on the perceived likelihood of acquiring COVID-19 and getting vaccinated.

RESULTS

A total of 5677 subjects completed the survey over the course of 1 week. “Fever or chills” (n=4973, 87.6%) and “shortness of breath” (n=4695, 82.7%) were identified as the main symptoms of COVID-19. Washing and sanitizing hands (n=4990, 87.9%) and avoiding public places and crowds (n=4865, 85.7%) were identified as the protective measures most frequently used against COVID-19. Social media was the most utilized source for information on the disease (n=4740, 83.5%), followed by the World Health Organization (n=2844, 50.1%). Subgroup analysis revealed that younger subjects (<35 years), males, and those working or studying in health care reported a higher perceived likelihood of acquiring COVID-19, whereas older subjects, females, and those working or studying in non–health care areas reported a lower perceived likelihood of acquiring COVID-19. Similar trends were observed for vaccination against COVID-19, with older subjects, females, and those working or studying in non–health care sectors reporting a lower likelihood of vaccinating against COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results are indicative of a relatively well-informed cohort implementing appropriate protective measures. However, key knowledge deficiencies exist with regards to vaccination against COVID-19, which future efforts should aim at correcting.
DOES LOW DOSE OF PIPER NIGRUM EXTRACT EXERT ANTI-OBESITY ACTIVITY?
Authors: NAZISH IRAM , SHAIKH FAIZA , SAWANT GAURANG
Published: May 2020

Objective: To evaluate anti-obesity effect of aqueous P. nigrum extract in a murine model of high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) (20g/day/rat) for a period of 50 d to induce obesity. Aqueous P. nigrum extract (20 mg/kg) administered orally to high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats from 8th day to 50th day (total 42 d). The parameters like gain in body weight, serum lipids, insulin and leptin were measured.
Results: The rats treated with extract showed a significant reduction in body weight gain, serum insulin, leptin, lipids as compared to rats fed with only a high-fat diet (HFD). In addition, the extract-treated group showed a considerable rise in high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level (29.61±7.68 mg/dl) as compared to the control group (23.23±9.69 mg/dl).
Conclusion: The results indicate that aqueous P. nigrum extract possess the potential to reduce obesity markers in a high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats.
AN OVERVIEW OF VARIOUS SCALES USED IN CAUSALITY ASSESSMENT OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
Authors: KUMAR ADUSUMILLI PRAMOD , BHOOPATHI DHARINI , SUNKARA HARIPRIYA , CHALASANI SRI HARSHA
Published: May 2020

Establishing a relationship of causality between the medications received and the events occurred utilizing causality assessment scale is much needed to reduce the occurrence of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and to prevent exposure of patients towards additional drug hazards. Causality assessment can be defined as the determination of chance, whether a selected intervention is the root cause of the adverse event observed. The causality assessment is the responsibility of either a single expert or an established committee. As it is a common phenomenon of variable perception of knowledge and experience by each expert, there is a high possibility of disagreement and inter-individual variability on assessment. Many of the causality assessment methods have their advantages and disadvantages. However, no single scale has been adopted as standardized and considered for uniform acceptance.
Meta-analysis of immunogenicity and safety of human rabies vaccination under Zagreb and Essen regimens
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Xin , Cheng Hongbin
Published: May 2020

Aim:
To assess the immunogenicity and safety of rabies vaccination under the Zagreb and Essen regimens by performing a meta-analysis.
Methods:
Electronic databases were searched for eligible studies. Risk ratios and weighted mean differences with 95% CIs were used to calculate estimates.
Results:
 A total of 18 studies were included. Rabies virus neutralizing antibody concentration was comparable between the two regimens at D7 and 14. No significant differences were observed in seroconversion rates from D14 and 42. Incidence of fever was higher in Zagreb group (risk ratio: 1.55 [1.37–1.76]); but no significant differences were present for other common adverse events.
Conclusion:
Rabies vaccination under the Zagreb regimen was noninferior to the Essen regimen in immunogenicity and had an acceptable safety profile.
Efecto de los costos de producción en el mercado de naranja en Veracruz, 1980-2018
Authors: Bautista Mayorga Fidel , Reyes Santiago Ester
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar los factores que afectan el mercado de la naranja en Veracruz y analizar los efectos de los costos de producción en dicho mercado. En la metodología se utilizó la estimación de un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas, usando datos anuales de 1980 a 2018. Los resultados indican que los costos de producción no deben aumentar, porque dicho incremento ocasionaría efectos negativos en el mercado de la naranja. Se recomienda al gobierno federal ampliar el programa de fertilizantes a más cultivos de cítricos y que el aumento en el salario mínimo sea moderado, porque así se incentivan efectos positivos en el mercado, pues aumentan la producción y el precio medio rural.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, DISCLOSURE DAN GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM TERHADAP ASYMMETRY INFORMATION - PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI MIKRO DAN PERSPEKTIF AKUNTANSI
Authors: Hayati Nur
Published: May 2020

Paper ini merupakan review literatur tentang topik empiris terkait Corporate Governance, Disclosure dan General Equilibrium terhadap Asymmetry Information Perspektif Ekonomi Mikro dan Perspektif Akuntansi. Penulis mengambil tema tersebut dilatarbelakangi adanya fenomena isu Asymmetry Information yang berkembang pada pasar persaingan tidak sempurna sehingga yang terjadi pasar gagal dalam memproduksi hasil yang efisien dan tidak bisa menjelaskan berbagai kondisi teoritis yang dibutuhkan bagi suatu pasar dengan persaingan sempurna. George Akerlof menggunakan istilah informasi asimetris dalam karyanya tahun 1970an disebut  The Market for Lemons. Akerlof menyadari bahwa dalam pasar seperti itu, nilai rata-rata dari komoditas cenderung lebih menurun, bahkan untuk kualitas yang sangat sempurna kebalikannya, karena para pembeli tidak mempunyai cara untuk mengetahui apakah produk yang mereka beli akan menjadi sebuah “lemon” (produk yang menyesatkan). Dapat dikatakan bahwa penjual lebih tahu daripada pembeli sehingga muncullah teori ketidakpastian kualitas.
Diferentes estratégias didáticas no ensino de ciências
Authors: Lopes Karoline Duarte , Silva Cirlande Cabral da
Published: May 2020

Este artigo trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre uma das atividades desenvolvidas no Curso de Mestrado em Ensino de Ciências na Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA durante a disciplina Instrumentação para o Ensino de Ciências. O uso de diferentes estratégias pode auxiliar o docente nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, além de incentivar os alunos a debaterem questões importantes sobre Ciências em sala de aula. A utilização de textos informativos e vídeos educativos são importantes instrumentos para desenvolver a capacidade de leitura e interpretação de um sujeito autônomo no percurso de sua própria aprendizagem. O emprego de estratégias didáticas ao ensino de Ciências, além de atrair mais a atenção dos alunos ao tema discutido em sala de aula, é considerado como alternativa essencial para se alcançar resultados importantes na compreensão do conteúdo ensinado, melhorando assim a aprendizagem dos alunos.
Effect of friction in the interaction of an anisotropic strip with a rigid base
Authors: Kudryavtsev Sergey G. , Buldakova Julia M.
Published: May 2020

Relevance. Different models of contact between bodies are used in determining the stressed and deformed state in the strip lying on the base. It is necessary to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative nature of the change in stress in the strip depending on the coupling of the strip and base. The aim of the work - to analyze the effect of the coefficient of friction on the value of stresses in an anisotropic band when interacting with a rigid base. Methods. The solution is based on the equations of the plane problem of the theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body under the conditions that the band is closely adjacent to the base and the tangent force on the contact plane is proportional to the normal pressure. Displacements and stresses at any point of the strip are written in the form of the method of initial functions through the functions of displacements and forces on the lower plane, which depend on the nature of the load applied on the upper plane and the conditions of contact between the strip and the base. After the transformations, the calculation formulas for displacements and stresses are expressed using the Fourier integral transform through the normal surface load in the form of improper integrals. Results. Formulas for determining displacements and stresses are obtained for the variant of loading a strip with a concentrated force. These formulas are used to construct influence functions for the problem of equilibrium of an anisotropic strip lying on a rigid base, taking into account friction. Graphs of the effect of the coefficient of friction and the direction of the anisotropy axes of the material on the stress state of the strip are presented. The results of stress calculation are compared using anisotropic and isotropic models.
“Ether” and “broadcasting”: Etymology, essence, characterization of concepts
Authors: Karpiy Sergey V. , Ashour Haya Yousef Jamil
Published: May 2020

The article discusses two basic concepts of modern television broadcasting (in Russian and Arabic), their etymology and evolution in the development of television journalism in the system of mass communication. An attempt was made to determine which well-known television tools are primary, how and why the concepts of “ether” and “broadcasting” are identified, what are their similarities, why is there a substitution of their essence and, as a result, an erroneous interpretation. Examples of the interpretation of both concepts by well-known researchers of journalism are given, with the help of which an attempt was made to concretize the functions, forms and contents of one or another phenomenon.
A new book about the work of B. Pilnyak. Review of L.N. Anpilova's monograph “Russian version of expressionism: Prose of Boris Pilnyak of the 1920s”. Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2019. 214 p
Authors: Qingqing Gong , Kovalenko Alexander G.
Published: May 2020

The review analyzes a new monograph about the work of Boris Pilnyak, in which the prose of the famous Russian writer is considered from the standpoint of the aesthetics of expressionism. The authors of the review evaluates the scientific methodology of the monograph, focuses on the issues of author's strategy, genre modifications, specifics and forms of expression of the author's consciousness. Considering the structure of the book, the reviewer notes the harmony and strict reasonableness of the author's concept, justifies the theoretical significance of the monograph for the consideration of the aesthetics of expressionism in the prose of B. Pilnyak.
The Adjective “Sacred” in Metalinguisticsof the Language: Functional-semantic Research
Authors: Shkuran Oksana V.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the semantics of the adjective “sacred”, the Indo-European root of which was the basis of the Latin token saker, initially illustrating a multi-pole understanding - from the divine to the demonic, from the sublime to the secularized. Particular attention is paid to the definitions of the adjective in the explanatory, etymological dictionaries of the XІX-XX centuries, in mythological representations, in folklore texts, in calendar, family and other rituals, in phraseology, paremiology, etc. In a historical retrospective, an analysis of changes in the semantics of the adjective “sacred” revealed the pre-Christian, Christian, secularized stages of lexical-semantic variations. A comprehensive study confirms the transformation of not only worldview systems, but also language tools that contribute to the formation in the minds of Russian people of the meta-idea of the adjective “sacred” in order to identify the cultural dominance and actively search and restore its semantic core.
Paremias in Modern Linguistics: Approaches to Study, Text-Forming and Linguocultural Potential
Authors: Bredis Mikhail A. , Dimoglo Marianna S. , Lomakina Olga V.
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the consideration of the paremic text in the modern linguistic paradigm: approaches to the researches are presented, the text-forming and linguocultural potential of individual units is shown. The direct observation method was used as the main method in this work, followed by the use of descriptive-analytical, comparative, contextual and linguistic and cultural methods. The Study is based on examples from lexicographic sources and illustrations from the Internet. The article provides an overview of the main aspects of the paremiological studies. Paremias are considered as a folklore genre, the thematic and ideographic principle of classifying paremias is presented, the aspects of cultural linguistics (linguoculturological) and translation studies are substantiated, and peculiarities of historical and etymological discursive (functional) analysis are shown. Comparative linguistic and cultural analysis is recognized by the authors of the paper as an integrative aspect of the paremiological material description. The article analyzes the text-forming and linguoculturological potential of the paremiology in different languages. As an example of the realization of the text-forming potential of paremias, the functioning of the proverb Не рой другому яму - сам в нее попадешь (упадешь) (He who digs a pit for others may fall himself therein) is studied as the verbal part of the Russian and Lithuanian demotivators. The paper provides a linguistic and cultural analysis of paremias with a toponymical component in different languages. Despite the abundance of various toponyms, which are characteristic for different countries, in these proverbs are dominated the international component, which is associated with the universal laws of human thinking, which makes it possible to find their semantic equivalents in various languages. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that paremias are considered in various aspects from the standpoint of modern humanistic education. With the development of social communications in modern society, an intercultural connection is being strengthened, requiring linguocultural commentary.
BEBIDAS FERMENTADAS COM KEFIR A PARTIR DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS
Authors: Costa Itana da Purificação , Dos Santos Nereide Serafim Timóteo
Published: May 2020

Kefir é uma bebida considerada probiótica que apresenta diversos benefícios para saúde como efeito antitumoral, propriedades antimicrobianas e tratamento de doenças gastrointestinais. Essa bebida é obtida pela fermentação de leite pelos grãos de kefir, no entanto, a literatura científica reporta a utilização de matérias-primas diferentes, como os extratos hidrossolúveis vegetais que apresentam-se como alternativas nutricionalmente viáveis ao leite. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir o uso de grãos de kefir de leite na fermentação de extratos vegetais para obtenção de bebidas probióticas.
Metabolic and Genetic Determinants of Lipid Metabolism Disruption in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kytikova O. Yu. , Novgorodtseva T. P. , Denisenko Yu. K. , Kovalevsky D. A.
Published: May 2020

Aim. To present literature data on the metabolic and genetic mechanisms of impaired fatty acid (FA) synthesis in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

General findings. NAFLD is a widespread disease progressing from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), increasing the risk of cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Progression of NAFLD and the development of NASH are closely related to lipid metabolism disorders caused not only by insufficient alimentary intake of fatty acids, but also by a decrease in the efficiency of their endogenous processing. The regulation of fatty acid metabolism involves enzymes desaturase (FADS1, FADS2) and elongase (ELOVL2 and ELOVL5) fatty acids. Desaturases are encoded by the FADS1 and FADS2 genes for fatty acid desaturases. Polymorphisms in the genes of fatty acid desaturases determine the effectiveness of PUFA endogenous processing. Violations in the activity of FADS1 and FADS2 and their genes are accompanied by dysregulation of the metabolic pathway involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. This leads to the damage of cell membranes, whose main components are represented by phospholipids. The progression of NAFLD is associated with the powerful toxicity of lipids released in the liver parenchyma upon the loss of the cell biomembrane integrity.

Conclusions. Further research into the NAFLD genetic mechanisms regulating the metabolism of fatty acids appears to be promising for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease.
New Prospects of Cytoprotection in the Treatment and Prevention of Gastric and Intestinal Diseases (Resolution of an Expert Council and Literature Review)
Authors: Martynov A. I. , Sheptulin A. A. , Mayev I. V. , Kazyulin A. N. , Karateev A. Ye. , Melekhov A. V. , Pal’gova L. K. , Raikhel’son K. L.
Published: May 2020

Aim. To generalize up-to-date information on the possibilities of cytoprotection in the treatment and prevention of gastric and intestinal diseases, as well as to present the materials of an Expert Council meeting held on February 8, 2020 in Moscow under the support of the Alium company.

General provisions. The conducted Expert Council meeting was aimed at discussing the importance of improving the cytoprotective properties of the gastric and intestinal mucous membrane in the treatment of its lesions. It was shown that Rebamipide exhibits positive effects on various parts of the protective barrier of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), primarily due to its stimulating action on the production of prostaglandins playing a key role in maintaining the cytoprotective properties of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The possibilities of applying Rebamipide for the treatment and prevention of erosive and ulcerative gastrointestinal lesions caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) and antithrombotic drugs were demonstrated. In the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Rebamipide is recommended for patients refractory to therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and for those with non-acid reflux. The efficacy of Rebamipide in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, as well as functional dyspepsia and chronic gastritis, was confirmed.

Conclusions. Rebamipid is a highly effective drug positively affecting various cytoprotection links, thus being suitable for the treatment and prevention of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as gastroenterological diseases of various etiologies.

Conflict of interest: The Expert Council meeting was supported by the Alium company.
La generación de valor entre las personas y las organizaciones
Authors: Torres-Flórez Dagoberto
Published: May 2020

La labor de gestión humana es lograr la generación de valor en las organizaciones, para ello debe aportar en la mediación entre la dirección y los colaboradores, es necesario que cada uno haga su parte, pues debe ser un trabajo en equipo con sinergia la que logrará contribuir a la consecución de metas organizacionales que todos los grupos de interés caminen hacia los mismos objetivos permitiendo un desarrollo organizacional efectivo
Genetic basis of otosclerosis
Authors: Zukic Branka , Andjelkovic Marina , Gasic Vladimir , Grubin Jasmina , Pavlovic Sonja , Djeric Dragoslava
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Otosclerosis is a disorder of the bone labyrinth and stapes resulting in conductive hearing loss. The genetic basis of otosclerosis still remains unknown. We aimed at reporting a comprehensive review of up-to-date knowledge on genetic basis of otosclerosis. Methods. Narrative literature review was undertaken to summarize the data about genetics of otosclerosis. Results. Genetics of otosclerosis has not been studied extensively and the literature on this topic is scarce. However, knowledge of genetic basis of otosclerosis is recently increasing. We have presented an overview of the knowledge of association of genetic markers with otosclerosis, gained from linkage analyses, candidate-gene studies, and modern high-throughput genomic studies. Conclusion. Due to its complex pathophysiology, otosclerosis is not a disease whose genetic base will be easily understood. Multiple omics analysis and bioinformatics will lead to elucidation of genetic basis of otosclerosis.
Erzurum İstasyonunun Standartlaştırılmış Yağış Evapotranspirasyon İndeksi Ve Bütünleşik Kuraklık İndeksi Kullanılarak Kuraklık Analizi
Authors: TOPÇU Emre , KARAÇOR Fatih
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan Erzurum istasyonunda kuraklık analizi yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Kuraklık analizi yöntemi olarak Standartlaştırılmış Yağış Evapotranspirasyon İndeksi (SYEİ) ve Bütünleşik Kuraklık İndeksi (BKİ) kullanılmıştır. 1975-2008 hidrolojik yılları arasında analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri olarak aylık toplam yağış, aylık ortalama sıcaklık, aylık ortalama nispi nem, aylık toplam buharlaşma ve aylık toplam güneşlenme süresi kullanılmıştır. Analizler neticesinde istasyon ve çevresinde hem sulaklığın hem de kuraklığın görüldüğü ortaya çıkmıştır. 1, 3, 6, 12 ve 24-Aylık periyotlarda kuraklık incelenmiştir. Her periyot için kuraklık frekansı değerleri bulunmuştur. SYEİ ve BKİ değerleri grafik haline getirilmiştir. Mann-Kendall ve Sen’in eğim metodu, trend analizi yöntemleri olarak tercih edilmiştir. SYEİ değerlerinde istatistiksel anlamda kuraklığın arttığına dair kanıt bulunamazken, BKİ değerlerinde %99 önemlilik seviyesinde kuraklıkta artış tespit edilmiştir.
Defect detection in additive manufacturing via a toolpath overlaid melt-pool-temperature tomography
Authors: Bernhard R. , Neef P. , Wiche H. , Hoff C. , Hermsdorf J. , Kaierle S. , Wesling V.
Published: May 2020

Additive manufacturing of metals has emerged as a potential technology for companies to create highly integrated and individualized products. In particular, powder-based laser metal deposition has advantages such as flexibility and multimaterial capabilities. It is possible to mix powders and create alloys inside the melt-pool during the build process. Consequently, purpose made material combinations with set or even varying thermal properties can be realized. Inherently, the process becomes increasingly challenging because of the great number of variables. Analyzation of the manufactured part ensures top quality and detects errors and defects. To accomplish this, specimens have to be x-rayed or ground and cut into microsections. In order to save time and keep the parts’ integrity, a new method uses temperature data from the process to determine irregularities. During the additive manufacturing process, a 680 W diode laser melts the substrate and the powder locally. The powder is composed of 42% nickel and 58% iron. A pyrometer samples the temperature of the molten pool at a spectral range from 1.45 to 1.85 μm. The recorded data are mapped onto the toolpath of the process head. A script converts the time dependent signal to spatially resolved temperature points. The feedrate and the laser status aid to synchronize the data throughout. As a result, the overlaid melt-pool temperature visualizes the process and creates a tomography for the produced part. Initial experiments show that errors and defects like porosities and cavities are identifiable inside the manufactured structure. Furthermore, correlations between the visualization and errors detected with microsections are possible. Overall, this technique is an addition to the repertoire of data visualization and quality control in additive manufacturing and can be transferred to other machines and laser processes.
COVID-19 Outbreak: Routes of Transmission, Precautions, and Economic Impact on Dentistry-A Review Article
Authors: Tahir Abdalqadir Mohammed
Published: May 2020

In late 2019, a novel coronavirus appeared in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and then rapidly spread around the world. The virus produces severe and even fatal pneumonia; the most common clinical symptoms among infected persons include fever, shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, and abnormal chest CT. Though the virus first traveled from animal to human, it can now spread from human to human through direct transmission such as coughing, sneezing, and inhalation of droplets; and through contact with mucus membranes of oral, nasal, and eye. COVID-19 also can be transmitted through saliva and the fecal–oral route. The risk of cross-infection between patients and dental practitioners is high due to the nature of dental work, so this outbreak has made a powerful impact, both medically and economically, on the dentistry sector. Dental practitioners should have comprehensive knowledge of the virus and its route of transmission, and they should take proper precautions during dental treatments to protect themselves and their patients. This article provides a review of COVID-19, its transmission routes, necessary precautions during dental setting, and the virus’s impact on the economy of the dental industry.
Resultan Sistem Pemilu dan Sistem Pemerintahan terhadap Pelaksanaan Demokrasi di Indonesia
Authors: Mahanani Anajeng Esri Edhi
Published: May 2020

Problems related to the resultant electoral system and the government system are the focus of the discussion in this study. Types of electoral systems, as well as types of governmental systems are discussed to be able to be a study of the use of electoral systems and government systems. The purpose of discussing this problem is to analyze the electoral system and the government system that are compatible with the implementation of democracy in Indonesia. This research is discussed through normative analysis, and through qualitative methods. The results of the qualitative normative analysis can be seen as follows: First, the results of the analysis show that there is a resultant between the electoral system towards the implementation of democracy in Indonesia as seen from the theory of the people's unity and the representative system. The consultant becomes strong if the general election system used is a purely open proportional electoral system, namely the voter as the supreme sovereignty constitution, can know with certainty who the candidate is and will help determine who is the people's representative. Second, there is a result between the government system and the implementation of democracy, the theory of popular sovereignty and the system of representation. Parliamentary and presidential government systems have their own weak points and strengths. However, the presidential system applied in democratic countries in Indonesia is better, because it tends to be more stable in its accountability. Placing the highest sovereignty as the only party that accepts the responsibility of those who have been elected to the executive and parliamentary institutions. The concept developed is a system of political representation, not as a system of partisan representation .

 

Keywords:  Resultan, District System, Proporsional System, Presidensiil, Parlementary
El imperativo de la felicidad en la literatura de autoayuda. La cosificación del sujeto moderno
Authors: Brito-Alvarado Leonardo Xavier , Guamán Guadalima Nelly , Capito Álvarez Paola
Published: May 2020

Este ensayo, eminentemente teórico, parte de una revisión de lecturas comunicacionales, antropológicas y sociológicas sobre los discursos de la felicidad y la autoayuda que se han convertido en mecanismos de control de la subjetividad de los lectores dentro del neoliberalismo. Este ensayo parte de la pregunta ¿Cómo esta literatura constituye un discurso moldeador del comportamiento social para crear sujetos dóciles, pero felices dentro de una lógica neoliberal?
La sentencia del Juicio a las Juntas Militares
Authors: Silveyra Malena
Published: May 2020

El Juicio a las Juntas constituyó un hecho de transcendencia no solo para la búsqueda de Justicia, sino en la construcción de Memoria y Verdad. Hoy en día, la sentencia es citada en los tribunales nacionales como jurisprudencia y como voz de autoridad. En el presente artículo se propone un análisis de la estructura de sentido sobre el proceso histórico producido en esta sentencia con el objetivo de aportar a la comprensión de los modos en que esos sentidos son retomados, transformados, descartados, es decir, resignificados, en los procesos judiciales en la actualidad, para lo que se analizan a modo de ejemplo las sentencias de las Causas “Mansión Seré” (2008) y “Fiochetti” (2009).
El panorama español de medios y blogs especializados en I+d+i
Authors: Bellón Rodríguez Ana , Parada Vila Laura
Published: May 2020

En la última década en España, según datos de la Encuesta de Percepción Social de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, la sociedad incrementó su interés por las informaciones científicas y tecnológicas. En este contexto, en un primer bloque se explora el panorama mediático español para identificar por soportes (prensa, radio, televisión e Internet) algunas de las principales iniciativas a través de las que se está apostando por alfabetizar al público no especializado en Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) e incrementar su cultura científica y tecnológica. En un segundo bloque se explora la blogosfera española especializada en divulgación científica y tecnológica.
Presupuesto Participativo en la ciudad de La Plata 2015-2019
Authors: Piana Ricardo Sebastián , Furnari Diego Martín
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo pretende analizar el resultado del presupuesto participativo, en el período 2015-2019, en el municipio de La Plata. Este tipo de políticas, enmarcada hoy en las prácticas del gobierno abierto, se presentaron como uno de los ejes de campaña para Cambiemos (en los niveles nacional, provincial y municipal). Se propuso generar las condiciones necesarias para "abrir el Estado" a la participación individual a la vez que desmovilizar a la ciudadanía.
La ciudad de La Plata fue un experimento de este tipo de políticas, donde el presupuesto participativo se presentó como una de las propuestas de campaña a pesar de contar con una larga experiencia en presupuesto participativo.
 ¿Cuáles fueron discursos, cuáles las políticas impulsadas y cuáles los resultados? Tal como se indicará en el artículo, un discurso antipolítico propició generar nuevos mecanismos participativos tecnológicos que desarmaron los espacios comunes ya existentes para la discusión del presupuesto participativo. La falta de información, discontinuidad y desinterés por generar nuevos espacios deliberativos por la gestión Cambiemos en la ciudad de La Plata han marcado una involución de las políticas de presupuesto participativo hasta entonces existentes.