bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CDC Group EO-4 and Candida tropicalis Peritonitis in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis after Upper Endoscopy, Colonoscopy and Coil Embolization of the Gastroduodenal Artery
Authors: Gayen Shameek , Ziemba Yonah , Jaiswal Shikha , Frank Adam , Brahmbhatt Yasmin
Published: November 2016

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an excellent form of renal replacement therapy for many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Over 10,000 patients receive PD in the United States [United States Renal Data System: 2015 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States, 2015]. PD has superior outcomes compared to hemodialysis in the first 2 years of ESRD [Sinnakirouchenan and Holley: Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2011;18: 428–432]. However, peritonitis is a known complication and may result in significant morbidity and necessitate transition to hemodialysis, which increases medical costs [Holley and Piraino: Semin Dial 1990;3: 245–248]. We report the first case of a PD patient who underwent endoscopy, colonoscopy and CT angiogram with coil embolization for gastrointestinal bleeding without antibiotic prophylaxis and subsequently developed CDC group EO-4 organism and fungal peritonitis.
Tanshinone IIA Affects Autophagy and Apoptosis of Glioma Cells by Inhibiting Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ding Lijuan , Ding Lijuan , Wang Shudong , Wang Shudong , Wang Weiyao , Wang Weiyao , Lv Peng , Lv Peng , Zhao Donghai , Zhao Donghai , Chen Feier , Chen Feier , Meng Tianjiao , Meng Tianjiao , Dong Lihua , Dong Lihua , Qi Ling , Qi Ling
Published: November 2016

Objective: To test the effects of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) on cell viability, cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy of human glioma cell U251 by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway. Methods: Tan IIA and PI3K agonist (740 Y-P) were used to treat glioma cells U251. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax), autophagy-related proteins (LC3B and Beclin 1) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway-associated proteins (p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR) were evaluated by Western blotting. Results: Tan IIA decreased the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt proteins, inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis. Meanwhile, the expression of Bax increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased. In addition, Tan IIA promoted autophagy in U251 glioma cells and raised the expression of LC3B and Beclin 1. However, 740 Y-P played a reversed role of Tan IIA in cell viability, cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy of U251 cells. Conclusion: Tan IIA could suppress the viability of U251 cells and induce cell apoptosis and autophagy, which might be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway.
Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Reveals the Effect of Lactobacillus Treatment on the Faecal Metabolite Profile of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Wu Bin , Jiang Hongli , He Quan , Wang Meng , Xue Jinhong , Liu Hua , Shi Kehui , Wei Meng , Liang Shanshan , Zhang Liwen
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim: Chronic kidney disease is accompanied by changes in the gut microbiome and by an increase in the number of gut pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of the faecal metabolic profiles in rats with uremia, and to determine whether the altered metabolites in the rats with uremia can be restored by Lactobacillus. Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, uremia and uremia + probiotic (UP) groups. The rats in uremia and UP groups were prepared through surgical renal mass 5/6 ablation. The rats in the UP group received Lactobacillus LB (1 ml, 109 CFU/ml) through gavage every day for 4 weeks. The rats were fed with a standard diet. Faecal samples were analysed through ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were performed using MetaboAnalyst and MATLAB. Results: A total of 99, 324 and 177 significantly different ion peaks were selected between sham and uremia groups; sham and UP groups; and uremia and UP groups, respectively. In the 3 groups, 35 significantly altered metabolites were identified; of the 35 metabolites, 27 initially increased and then decreased; by contrast, 8 metabolites initially decreased and then increased. The 35 metabolites were subjected to pathway analysis in MetaboAnalyst. Conclusions: Faecal metabolites were significantly altered in rats with uremia; these changes were partially reversed by Lactobacillus.
Morphological and Metabolic Alteration of Cerebellum in Patients with Post-Stroke Depression
Authors: Zhang Ling , Sui Rubo , Zhang Lei , Zhang Zhuang
Published: November 2016

Background: To study morphological and metabolic changes of cerebellum with multimodality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), respective, to explore correlation between cerebellum alteration and severity of depression in patients with post-stroke depression. Methods: 60 subjects, including 40 stroke patients and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Depression of stroke patients was tested by Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), based on which stroke-patients were grouped into post-stroke depression (PSD group) and without post-stroke depression (CONT group). Results: Volume of cerebellum decreased in PSD group and CONT group compared with healthy volunteer (NORM) group. White matter of cerebellum in PSD group and CONT group was disrupted; such disruption was significantly in PSD group. In addition, there was correlation between cerebellum volume and FA and HDRS scores (P<00.01). The Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios in cerebellum contralateral to stroke lesion in PSD were higher than those in NORM group (P<0.05). Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios in contralateral cerebellum and ratio difference of Cho/Cr in bilateral cerebellum were positively correlated with HAMD scales (P<0.05). Conclusion: Morphologic and metabolic alterations are evident in patients with post-stroke depression, indicating possible involvement of cerebellum in post-stroke-depression occurrence.
Striated Muscle in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens: A Marker of Apical Dissection Quality and an Independent Predictor of Urinary Continence after Endoscopic Extraperitoneal Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Good Daniel W. , Wood Andrew , Stewart Laurence , Stolzenburg Jens-Uwe , Ganzer Roman , Neuhaus Jochen , Stewart Grant D. , McNeill S. Alan
Published: November 2016

Introduction: The study aimed to determine if the presence and amount of striated muscle on the apical sections of the cruciate sections of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) specimens predict early and long-term urinary continence outcomes. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of our prospectively collected single surgeon LRP database. We identified patients based on their continence outcomes (continent (0 pads) or incontinent at 12 months), with an approximate even spread early continent and incontinent patients). An uropathologist separate from the urology team was blinded to outcome and assessed each patients' apical cruciate sections (H&E stained) for the presence, percentage and maximal diameter of muscle and extraprostatic tissue on these sections. Specifically 2 scoring systems were used: (1) semi-quantitative estimation of percentage of muscle on the apical cruciate sections (low <5% and high >5%) and (2) percentage of total extraprostatic tissue on cruciate section (low <10% and high >10%). Logistic regression and classification and regression tree analyses were performed to identify the predictors of urinary incontinence (UI). Results: In total 80 patients were analyzed, 38 were continent and 42 were incontinent at 12 months follow-up. The percentage of extraprostatic tissue/muscle being an independent predictor of being wet at 12 months (p = 0.002) on multivariate regression along with age (p = 0.04). Using percentage of extraprostatic tissue in cruciate section (high >10%) to predict UI at 12 months, it yielded 71% sensitivity, 82% specificity, 81% PPV, 72% NPV and 76% accuracy. Conclusion: The use of simple additional reporting of muscle and extraprostatic tissue on the apical sections of RP specimens can help to better predict the likelihood of continence return.
Endophthalmitis following 27-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Vitreous Floaters
Authors: Lin Zhong , Wu Rong Han , Moonasar Nived
Published: November 2016

Purpose: To report a case of Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis following 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for symptomatic vitreous floaters. Methods: The clinical course and imaging findings, including fundus optomap, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography of a 24-year-old male patient were documented. Results: The patient, with a preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 1.0, developed endophthalmitis following 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for symptomatic vitreous floaters. After a series of treatments, including emergent vitreous tap and silicone oil injection, antibiotic treatment, and silicone oil removal, the patient regained a BCVA of 0.6. Conclusion: Although rare, the potential risk of endophthalmitis should be explicitly discussed with patients considering surgical intervention for vitreous floaters.
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction: A Perplexing Presentation
Authors: Din Sana Ahmad , Naimi Iman , Beg Mirza
Published: November 2016

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is caused by stenosis or dyskinesia of the sphincter of Oddi, leading to blockage of bile drainage from the common bile duct. We present the case of a 16-year-old female with chronic abdominal pain who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis but continued to experience abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting along with persistently elevated ALT and AST levels. Postoperative abdominal ultrasound was nondiagnostic. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed mild reflux esophagitis and mild chronic Helicobacter pylori-negative gastritis. Omeprazole was started, but it did not decrease the frequency and severity of the abdominal symptoms. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography did not reveal any pathology. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with manometry confirmed an elevated biliary sphincter pressure. Biliary sphincterotomy was performed, and the symptoms improved.
Use of Internal Limiting Membrane Autograft in Primary Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Hernández-Da Mota Sergio Eustolio , Béjar-Cornejo Jorge Francisco
Published: November 2016

During a pars plana vitrectomy, an unplanned retinotomy in the raphe was performed in a 55-year-old female patient with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Since diathermy and laser therapy were not available at that moment, it was decided to peel off a small graft of the internal limiting membrane adjacent to the retinotomy site which had been previously stained with Brilliant Blue G. The graft was displaced under perfluorocarbon fluids and placed inside the retinotomy. Three weeks after surgery, the apparent closure of the retinotomy was observed clinically.
A Scary Onset of a Rare and Aggressive Type of Primary Breast Sarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Ramalho Inês , Campos Sara , Rebelo Teresa , Figueiredo Dias Margarida
Published: November 2016

Primary breast sarcoma, arising from connective tissue within the breast, is extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of all primary breast malignancies and no more than 5% of all sarcomas. The rarity of this pathology limits most studies to case reports and small retrospective studies, which has led to a lack of consensus on the clinical management. We report a clinical case of a 52-year-old woman, perimenopausal, previously healthy, with regular breast surveillance, who presented with a large (>20 cm) and rapidly expanding hypervascularized tumor of the left breast developed over 10 days, with a very thin preulcerative skin over the last 4 days. There was no systemic dissemination. The patient was submitted to total mastectomy and excision of axillary adenopathy. The tumor was diagnosed histologically as malignant phyllodes tumor associated with areas of high-grade sarcoma. Due to rapid growth and aggressive histological characteristics, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed. There is a lot of evidence that tumors larger than 5 cm are associated with a poor prognosis. Despite the poor prognosis associated with this aggressive entity, the patient had no recurrence during 5 years of follow-up. We review the relevant literature about primary breast sarcomas.
Idiopathic sialadenosis involving parotid and submandibular glands. A case report.
Authors: Sugaya Norberto Nobuo , Seo Juliana , Hirota Silvio Kenji , Rocha Andre Caroli , Migliari Dante Antonio
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article reports a case in which a patient, an adult black male, was diagnosed as having sialadenosis of an idiopathic type, since clinical, computed tomography and laboratory examinations did not disclose any other abnormalities that could be associated with the glandular swelling.  As this condition is quite harmless, requiring no intervention, unless for aesthetic reason, the patient was dismissed, being monitored sporadically.  But after 8 months since the first consultation, the patient was diagnosed as having an advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and eventually died of this disease. This report, therefore, raises the question whether there was any relation with the sialadenosis and the esophageal carcinoma. This question is very speculative, but it stands as a notice for clinicians in future cases of idiopathic sialadenosis to evaluate the patient for an underlying malignant disease.
Medical considerations in the dental treatment of patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome - report of four clinical cases
Authors: Andrade Natália Silva , Santos Cíntia , Castro Talita , Gallottini Marina
Published: November 2016

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by peculiar facies, eyes, dental, cardiovascular, renal, and skeletal abnormalities, mental retardation, friendly and loquacious personality, and occasionally hypercalcemia in infancy. The orofacial aspects and especially the dental management of these patients have received little attention in the literature. The aim of this manuscript is to describe four cases of patients with WBS attended at Special Care Dentistry Center, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, with emphasis on the oral findings and systemic conditions of dental interest. The clinical management of patients with WBS is discussed. We conclude that congenital heart defects and behavioral changes are the aspects that most interfere on dental treatment
Systematic review of Lamendin’s dental age estimation method
Authors: Lopes Juliana Ribeiro , Fernandes Mário Marques , Michel-Crosato Edgar , Melani Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff , Oliveira Rogério Nogueira
Published: November 2016

Aim: determine the effectiveness of Lamendin’s method of age estimation, by conducting a systematic review. Methods: for the meta-analysis, we researched studies with the aim of showing the effectiveness of the method by comparing the chronological and estimated ages of the sample. Three database were consulted (MEDLINE, LILACS and EMBASE). We excluded studies with historical samples, those that changed the technique, analyzed other aspects of the method without presenting results on effectiveness, and that presented the sample in a single group with individuals under 25 years of age. The quality evidence scale QUADAS was used with some modifications. The final sample consisted of eight studies. Results: the results showed that the studies identified could be methodologically careless and that the method was ineffective in the elderly, but produced good estimates for adults in other age-ranges. There are discrepancies in the literature as regards the age at which the method works best. Relevance: Lamendin technique studies should have a stricter methodological approach and the technique should be tested before being used in a given population, in order to verify the age at which the results are more accurate.
Relationship between stylohyoid ligament calcification and systemic osteoporosis by CBCT and panoramic radiography
Authors: Arita Emiko Saito , Santos Karina Panelli Cecília , Asaumi Junichi , Oliveira Jefferson Xavier
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to use panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography images to investigate (1) the accuracy of these methods concerning osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosis, and (2) the correlation between presence of stylohyoid ligament calcification and osteopenia and osteoporosis. A hundred seventy-one images from digital archive were enrolled in this study. All panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography images were obtained using the Veraviewepocs 3D system and observed at i-VIEW-3DX software. For osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosis, the mandibular cortex was assessed.  Presence of stylohyoid ligament calcification was also assessed and mineralization in all parts of the stylohyoid complex was considered. All recorded data were referred to statistical analysis and the significance level was set at 5%. There is an agreement between the imaging modalities for osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosis, since the rate of disagreement is 21.6%. The results confirmed the osteoporosis diagnosis in elderly women and the correlation between osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosis and the presence of stylohyoid ligament calcification (p 0.06). The present study suggests that (1) panoramic radiography and computed tomography images are accurate enough for osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosis with low disagreement rate between methods and (2) there is a significant correlation between presence of stylohyoid ligament calcification and osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosis in elderly women.
Range extension of Lyriothemis defonsekai van der Poorten, 2009 (Anisoptera: Libellulidae), an endemic odonate in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sumanapala Amila P. , Jayawardana Nuwan C.
Published: November 2016

Lyriothemis defonsekai van der Poorten, 2009 is a nationally Critically Endangered odonate species in Sri Lanka.  It is endemic to the country and was known only from the type locality, Kudawa, Sinharaja Forest Reserve and its vicinity thus it was considered to be a point endemic.  We report the first ever record of the species outside Sinharaja extending the known range of the species.  The present observations were recorded from Yagirala Forest Reserve where an immature male and one or two mature females of the species were observed.  We also discuss the observations on its habitat and distribution range.
Seasonal variations in food plant preferences of reintroduced Rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis (Mammalia: Perrissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae) in Manas National Park, Assam, India
Authors: Dutta Deba Kumar , Bora Pranab Jyoti , Mahanta Rita , Sharma Amit , Swargowari Anindya
Published: November 2016

The food preferences of translocated Rhinos in Manas National Park were studied to find out variations in seasonal and annual preferences.  A total of 139 plants species belonging to 39 families were observed to be consumed as food.  On an average, grasses (n=33) contributed 24% of Rhino food, aquatic plants (n=23) 16.5%, shrubs (n=11) 7.5%, herbs (n = 31) 22.3% trees (n=26) 18.7%, creepers (n=3) 2.1% and agricultural crops (n=12) 8.6%.  Among the grasses, throughout the year Arundo donax, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum elephantinus and Saccharum spontaneum were the maximum preferred species.  Rhinos were observed to browse shrubs and tree twigs during the winter season and browsing was found to be very limited during the monsoon due to the abundance of young grass.  Various anthropogenic pressures such as unregulated grassland burning, cattle grazing, invasions of Bombax ceiba and shrubs like Chromolaena odorata, Leea asiatica and herbs like Ageratum conyzoides have degraded some of the important grasslands.  So, a proper grassland management protocol including the burning of grasslands during the dry season, keeping grazing animals away and control of weeds is suggested in the areas extensively used by the Rhinos.
Faunal diversity of Satara District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Sayyed Amit
Published: November 2016

Satara District of Maharashtra State is a part of northern Western Ghats and Deccan Plateau biogeographic zones.  The data on various faunal groups was collected from the extensive study carried out during the period between 2007 and 2010, covering different parts of the district.  The present study reports faunal diversity of the district with 677 species under 150 families belonging to 11 different groups.  Overall, the district has substantial faunal diversity.  Out of the total species, 94 are recorded as endemic species, 35 species are listed as threatened under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and 38 species are listed in the different schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 (as amended up to 2013).  The information on geographical distribution pattern of mammalian species in the district is also provided.
Dendrobium maguanense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphology and DNA
Authors: XU QING , ZHANG GUO-QIANG , WU XIN-YI , CHEN LI-JUN , LIU ZHONG-JIAN
Published: November 2016

Dendrobium maguanense, a new species from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated in this study. Morphological study indicates that D. maguanense is similar to D. crepidatum, but differs in having much smaller flowers, oblong sepals, obovate-elliptic petals and an obovate lip with three weak longitudinal ridges and a pubescent basal callus. Molecular analysis based on nuclear and plastid markers shows that D. maguanense is closely related to D. crepidatum and this pair to D. crystallinum, D. section Dendrobium.
Typification of the Linnaean name Cynomorium coccineum (Cynomoriaceae)
Authors: FERRER-GALLEGO P. PABLO
Published: November 2016

Cynomorium Linnaeus (1753: 970) is the only member of the family Cynomoriaceae Endl. ex Lind. (APG 2016, López-Sáez & Villar 2002, Christenhusz & Byng 2016), and contains only two species of root holoparasitic plants (obligate parasite) (see e.g., Léonard 1986), C. coccineum Linnaeus (1753: 970) which is native to the North African, South European and Near Eastern deserts and subdeserts (Webb 1964, Pignatti 1982, Villar 1997, López-Sáez & Villar 2002, Fennane 2007), and C. songaricum Ruprecht (1869: 73) from Central Asia (Léonard 1986, Webb 1964, Villar 1997, Chen & Funston 2007). A lectotype for this name was designated by Gorshkova (1949: 502) as “Type in Leningrad” (here corrected to lectotype according to Art. 9.9 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012), based on a specimen collected in Valley of Koshkar River, in Central Asia, which was apparently kept at LE (V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia). However, unfortunately no specimens of C. songaricum annotated as type were found in the herbarium LE, though further search is required (Irina Illarionova, pers. comm.).
Legion in a ‘Living Landscape’: Contextual Bible Study as a Disruptive Tool (Luke 8:26–39 Interpreted in Owamboland, Namibia)
Authors: John Helen C.
Published: November 2016

This article offers insights into the narrative of the Gerasene Demoniac (Luke 8:26–39) from grassroots interpreters in Owamboland, Namibia. The participants’ perspectives on the ‘Living Landscape’—contextualised against a background of Owambo ethnographic data—disrupt understandings of landscapes and spirits found in Western-centric professional biblical scholarship. This illustrates the potential of Contextual Bible Study (or variants thereof) both to bring forth original interpretive insights and to capitalise on particular cultural contexts as sites of expertise.
Empowering Followers in the Politics of Spiritual Leadership: A Narrative Critical Study of 1 Samuel 1:1–28
Authors: Aidoo Mark S.
Published: November 2016

This paper argues that spiritual leadership is a unique model, where followers as well as leaders become connected and committed to the group’s wellbeing through a Spirit-filled way of living for positive transformation. The theories on spiritual leadership, thus, should not only be on functional leaders but also on followers who provide an essential motivation to rediscover life-filled pathways that are fulfilling for the group. In this light, the follower who identifies a need, bonds to it, and shares the burden to fulfil the need qualifies to be a spiritual leader. Such a person is one who is empowered by the Holy Spirit to become connected and committed to the network to drive the goals of the organization and initiate moves for positive transformation. The paper uses a narrative critical reading of Hannah’s story in 1 Samuel 1:1–28 to support the argument that some followers play key roles as spiritual leaders.
Jeremiah’s Call and Jacob’s Birth: A Test Case for Investigating Prophetic Influence on the Book of Genesis
Authors: Chung Il-Seung
Published: November 2016

The present study explores prophetic influence on the present text of Genesis. It argues that the account of the birth of Jacob (Gen. 25:19–26) is modeled largely on the account of Jeremiah’s call (Jer. 1:1–10). Both accounts follow a pattern of background, conception, and fateful hand. A detailed analysis of two passages (Jer. 1:1–10 and Gen. 25:19–26) indicates a possibility that the writing of Genesis is partly dependent on Jeremiah. No matter how great the difference between the two texts seems, Genesis shows acquaintance with Jeremiah’s prophetic message.
Evaluating the Revival Experience of Korean Missionary Robert A. Hardie (1865–1949) in View of Jonathan Edwards’ Religious Affections
Authors: Kim Sun Wook
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate what are Jonathan Edwards’ (1703–1758) “religious affections” and “distinguishing marks” for judging the genuineness of affections, and to evaluate the revival experience of Korean missionary Robert A. Hardie (1865–1949), who initiated the Korean Great Revival (1903–1910) in view of Edwards’ religious affections. Edward’s book, Treatise Concerning Religious Affections, was written in the historical background of the Great Awakening of the early 1740s, and the concept of religious affections originated from his personal experience in childhood and from the influence of John Locke’s empiricism. Rejecting the positions of the revivals of his day as unshackled emotionalism, Edwards defended revivalism by emphasizing the significance of “spiritual sensation”. However, he believed that revivals must be evaluated for their genuineness in terms of religious affections and suggested distinguishing marks to assess whether revival experiences were true or not. A number of descendants of the Great Awakening came to Korea as missionaries and contributed to the Korean Great Revival. In particular, Hardie’s repentance started the revival and the revival movements spread to the whole country in a similar pattern. This paper suggests that Hardie’s revival experience proves to be true gracious affection in light of Edwards’ distinguishing marks.
E-cigarette use among US adolescents: Perceptions of relative addiction and harm
Authors: Dobbs Page Daniel , Hammig Bart , Henry Leah Jean
Published: November 2016

Objective:

Between 2013 and 2014, past 30-day use of e-cigarettes increased from 4.5% to 13.4% among US high school students aged 9–19 years. We sought to examine the influence of perceived addiction and harm of e-cigarettes on e-cigarette use among adolescents.

Design:

Self-reported use and perception of harm of e-cigarettes were assessed using a cross-sectional design.

Setting:

Data were collected from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey.

Method:

Multivariate logistic regression models were employed regressing lifetime e-cigarette use and past 30-day use on established covariate factors.

Results:

Perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than conventional cigarettes increased students’ odds of lifetime use (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.40, 95% confidence interval [ CI] = 1.98–2.90) and past 30-day use ( OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.63–2.92) of e-cigarettes. Perceiving e-cigarettes as less addictive than conventional cigarettes also increased students’ odds of lifetime use ( OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.82–2.45) and past 30-day use ( OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.57–2.38) of e-cigarettes; however, perceiving e-cigarettes as more addictive than conventional cigarettes also increased students’ odds of lifetime use ( OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.37–2.49) and past 30-day use ( OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.84–3.90) of e-cigarettes. Other influencing factors of e-cigarette use among youth included race, grade level, living with a smoker and lifetime use of regular cigarettes.

Conclusion:

The perception that e-cigarettes are less addictive and harmful than their conventional counterparts may be an important risk factor for the use of e-cigarettes. Factors influencing young people’s perceptions need to be examined further.
Exchanging words and things: Vernacularisation of political economy in nineteenth-century Bengal
Authors: Mitra Iman
Published: November 2016

There have been quite a few significant studies on the relationship between political economy as a discipline and the modes of colonial governmentality in India, emphasising the contradictions that were perceived to exist between the universality of the discipline and the irreducible concreteness of local conditions. In this article, I shall try to argue that a nuanced study of these contradictions would require exploring the modalities of vernacularisation of the economic discipline in the colony. The central focus of this article will be at three Bengali textbooks of political economy, mostly inspired by the famous Irish educationist Richard Whately’s textbook for children. A close reading of these books will demonstrate how a modality of translation was operative in the second half of the nineteenth century where the equivalence between ‘illustrations’ from the original and translated texts produced curious displacements and defined the vernacular domain on the basis of an exchange-based sociality grounded in the notion of the family.
Book Review: Itty Abraham, How India Became Territorial: Foreign Policy, Diaspora, Geopolitics
Authors: Balachandran G.
Published: November 2016

Itty Abraham, How India Became Territorial: Foreign Policy, Diaspora, Geopolitics, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014, 217 pp.
Book Review: Rana P. Behal, One Hundred Years of Servitude: Political Economy of Tea Plantations in Colonial Assam
Authors: Robb Peter
Published: November 2016

Rana P. Behal, One Hundred Years of Servitude: Political Economy of Tea Plantations in Colonial Assam, New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2014, 387 pp.
The Emergence of a Pioneer Conservative: George S. Benson and the Politics of America’s ‘Great Interior’ in the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Maxwell Robbie
Published: November 2016

This article examines George Benson’s early career as a political activist. By the early 1940s, with assistance from prominent businessmen, Benson reached millions of Americans in the non-metropolitan Midwest, West, and South in an effort to combat New Deal liberalism. Benson, who also served as President of the Church of Christ-affiliated Harding College in Arkansas, contradicts conventional wisdom regarding two distinguishing features of modern conservatism: its affinity with populist discourse and ‘western’ cultural precepts, and its incorporation of religious and economic conservatism. Historians portray these facets of conservatism as the product of the 1960s and 1970s or the postwar Sunbelt. Drawing on his experiences on the Oklahoma frontier, Benson re-orientated regional cultural tropes to create a populist critique of ‘big government’ as an affront to individualism and localism, and to suggest that corporate, consumer capitalism was the heir to self-reliant frontier traditions. Benson’s fusion of economic and religious conservatism departed from religious traditions that celebrated agrarian living and harbored reservations about modern capitalism. Benson demonstrates that the right’s subsequent successes in the Midwest, South and West necessitated a greater degree of cultural readjustment than has been recognized and that this readjustment derived from a generational adaptation to economic modernity.
The East in the West: Bulgarian Culture in the United States of America during the Global 1970s
Authors: Dragostinova Theodora
Published: November 2016

This article explores the ambitious Bulgarian cultural program in the United States of America to interrogate the importance of culture in the Cold War dynamics of the 1970s. The case study is examined at two levels; first, in the framework of the expanding contacts between East and West, exploring the importance of cultural diplomacy in the context of détente, and second, at the level of the actual cultural interactions, analyzing the meaning of cultural contacts across national borders and ideological divides. This analysis integrates insights from diverse literatures: international history, transnational history, postcolonial studies, and anthropology. The goal is to showcase the role of a small state on the periphery during the Cold War, to engage the softer side of East–West interactions in a global context, and to emphasize how local communities and individuals creatively shaped the Cold War realities through their own actions. The article also engages contemporary debates about the meaning of these cultural encounters in the context of recent memory wars about the legacy of communism in Bulgaria. The end result is to depict the complex, multidirectional flow of ideas, people, and cultural products between East and West during the long 1970s and to trace their changing interpretations today.
The Politics of Jewish Absence in Contemporary Poland
Authors: Zubrzycki Geneviève
Published: November 2016

Since the early 2000s, Polish society has undergone a significant ‘mnemonic awakening’; rediscovering traces of past Jewish presence in that country, critically examining the process of eradication of Jewish life and its subsequent erasure from collective memory, and attempting to recover some aspects of the Polish-Jewish past. Based on archival and ethnographic data, this article analyzes different modes of mnemonic practices that directly engage with Jewish absence. I show that for Jewish absence to even be noticed by contemporary Poles and potentially experienced by them as a void that deserves to be (re)filled, past Jewish presence is being brought back to life. I argue that this mnemonic creation of absence is part of a broader political project to expand Polish national identity beyond the narrow confines of Catholicism.
Opening the Mind
Authors: Fu Jeanne Ho-Ying , Zhang Zhi-Xue , Li Fangjun , Leung Yik Kiu
Published: November 2016

Drawing on the literature on cultural priming and open-mindedness, we proposed that priming individuals with culture mixing would promote acceptance of new organizational policies and reduce adherence to the status quo more than priming them with local culture. In two studies using samples of Chinese supervisors, we showed that respondents who were primed with culture mixing were more willing to accept a hypothetical drastic drop in the percentage of the guaranteed component of their salary than those primed with Chinese culture, whereas there was no difference between those primed with Western culture and those in the neutral condition. We further showed that this pattern emerged only among participants with low need for cognitive closure, suggesting that such enhanced change acceptance might be motivated by open-mindedness. We also assessed alternative accounts driven by need for cognition or global-mindedness and both measures did not moderate the culture mixing effect. The implications for cultural mixing and change management are discussed.
Need for Closure Effects on Affective and Cognitive Responses to Culture Fusion
Authors: De keersmaecker Jonas , Van Assche Jasper , Roets Arne
Published: November 2016

This research examined how affective and cognitive responses to culture fusion, a specific type of culture mixing that features the blending of different cultures or parts thereof into a new entity, are influenced by individual differences in Need for Closure (NFC). Two studies showed that individuals high (vs. low) in NFC felt less favorable toward culture fusion (i.e., the affective response), both at an abstract level (i.e., society structure models; Study 1, N = 191) and at a more concrete level (i.e., food stimuli; Study 2, N = 257). In addition, high NFC individuals tended to assign culturally fused stimuli to one discrete culture, rather than acknowledging them as culturally hybrid (i.e., the cognitive response). Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that the relationships between NFC and responses toward culture fusion were mediated by Right-Wing Authoritarianism. These findings are interpreted in terms of the threat to epistemic security needs posed by culture fusion.
Integrative Responses to Culture Mixing in Brand Name Translations
Authors: Keh Hean Tat , Torelli Carlos J. , Chiu Chi-yue , Hao Jia
Published: November 2016

The present research demonstrates that integrative responses to culture mixing, in the context of Western brand names translated into Chinese, can influence consumer evaluations of the products. Specifically, we examine young, educated Chinese consumers’ evaluations of three types of brand name translation: phonosemantic (culturally mixed), semantic (monocultural), and phonetic (monocultural). Results from two studies show that young, educated Chinese consumers who are highly biculturated (i.e., knowledgeable about Western and Chinese cultures) tend to integrate the autonomy values associated with a phonosemantic brand translation, which in turn lead them to evaluate more favorably culturally mixed phonosemantic (vs. monocultural semantic or phonetic) brand translations. At the individual level, favorable attitudes toward culture mixing are more likely to emerge among individuals with a higher (vs. lower) endorsement of autonomy values. At the product level, favorable attitudes toward culture mixing are fostered when consumers encounter products that are higher (vs. lower) in value expressiveness.
Understanding Exclusionary Reactions Toward a Foreign Culture
Authors: Shi Yuanyuan , Shi Jing , Luo Yu L. L. , Cai Huajian
Published: November 2016

Recent research has begun to examine the impact of cultural mixing on human psychology. We conducted four experiments to examine the influence of intrusive cultural mixing on implicit intergroup attitudes. Our results indicated that (a) intrusive cultural mixing augmented implicit prejudice toward the intruding foreign cultural group (Study 1), (b) heightened implicit prejudice partially mediated boycotting behavior provoked by intrusive cultural mixing (Study 2), and (c) both cultural identification (Study 3) and multicultural orientation (Study 4) moderated the influence of intrusive cultural mixing on implicit prejudice so that only individuals who highly identified with their heritage culture or those who exhibited a weak multicultural orientation manifested enhanced implicit prejudice. These findings extend our understanding of the influence of cultural mixing.
Disgust Associated With Culture Mixing
Authors: Cheon Bobby K. , Christopoulos George I. , Hong Ying-yi
Published: November 2016

Humans possess evolved mechanisms to detect and reject contamination by potentially harmful foreign substances. These mechanisms may also function in the rejection of violations in the social order. Here, we propose that the disgust evaluation system may also be sensitive to culture mixing, especially when elements of own and foreign cultures occupy the same space at the same time (culture fusion). Across four studies, we observe support for this prediction. Paralleling disgust ratings for contaminants mixing with pure objects associated with the self (Study 1A), representations of blending and fusion between elements of own and foreign cultures were rated as more disgusting than simultaneous presentation of the same cultural elements without fusion (Studies 1B and 2). Disgust toward culture fusion was observed over and above incongruity associated with mixing two in-group cultural representations (Study 4). Moreover, selective disgust toward in-group–out-group culture fusion was especially pronounced among those endorsing higher levels of patriotism (Studies 1B, 2, and 4), but not when culture fusion involved two foreign representations (Study 3). These findings support the notion that the architecture for pathogenic- and food-based disgust may have been extended to reject external threats to the fidelity of in-group identity markers by out-group influences.
Making Similarity Versus Difference Comparison Affects Perceptions After Bicultural Exposure and Consumer Reactions to Culturally Mixed Products
Authors: Peng Luluo , Xie Tian
Published: November 2016

This research examines the effect of making similarity or difference comparisons on perceptions after bicultural exposure and consumer reactions to culture mixing. Results indicate that after bicultural exposure, focusing on differences bolstered ingroup cultural stereotyping (Study 1) and enhanced perceived differences between cultures (Study 2), whereas focusing on similarity comparison reduced perceived differences between cultures (Study 2). Moreover, a similarity focus reduced positive reactions to a culturally mixed product, and this effect was mediated by reduced creativity perception of the product (Studies 1 and 3). These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the boundary conditions of the bicultural exposure effect and suggest a new mechanism of integrative consumer reactions to culturally mixed products.
How Does Framing Strategy Affect Evaluation of Culturally Mixed Products? The Self–Other Asymmetry Effect
Authors: Cui Nan , Xu Lan , Wang Tao , Qualls William , Hu Yanghong
Published: November 2016

The article examines the effect of bicultural framing strategy on the evaluation of culturally mixed products (CMPs). Across two experiments, we demonstrate a self–other asymmetry effect in the CMP evaluation. Specifically, we examine the “foreign-culture home-culture” strategy in which the foreign culture “modifies” the home culture. This phenomenon leads to less favorable evaluation of CMPs relative to the “home-culture foreign-culture” strategy in which the home culture “modifies” the foreign culture. Furthermore, the findings show that consumers’ perception of cultural intrusion mediates the effect of framing strategy on CMP evaluation. We also identify the boundary condition wherein the self–other asymmetry is attenuated when people focus their judgment on facts (as opposed to motivation).
Teaching About Psychological Disorders
Authors: Sheen Mercedes , AlJassmi Maryam A. , Jordan Timothy R.
Published: November 2016

This study compares the traditional use of case studies against the novel use of discussion boards to teach naive students in the United Arab Emirates about anxiety disorders. Sixty-six female students from an abnormal psychology class were randomly assigned to either the case study condition (CSC) or the discussion board condition (DBC). Students read about anxiety disorders and at the end of the class rated their experience based on four learning outcomes. In each instance, students in the DBC rated their learning outcomes significantly higher than students in the CSC. This suggests that incorporating discussion boards as a pedagogical tool can add a new dimension for engaging student interest, fostering knowledge development, and increasing empathy.
Perturbation observer-based adaptive passive control for nonlinear systems with uncertainties and disturbances
Authors: Yang B , Jiang L , Zhang CK , Sang YY , Yu T , Wu QH
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a perturbation observer-based adaptive passive control scheme is developed to provide great robustness of nonlinear systems against the unpredictable uncertainties and disturbances therein. The proposed scheme includes a high-gain perturbation observer and a robust passive controller. The high-gain perturbation observer is designed to estimate online the perturbation aggregated from the combinatorial effect of system nonlinearity, parameter uncertainty, unmodelled dynamics and fast time-varying external disturbances. Then the robust passive controller, using the estimated perturbation, can produce the minimal control effort needed to compensate for the magnitude of the actual current perturbation. Furthermore, the convergence of estimation error of the high-gain perturbation observer and the closed-loop system stability are analyzed theoretically. Finally, two practical examples are given to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach over the accurate model-based passive control scheme and the linearly parametric estimation-based adaptive passive control scheme.
Mechanical characteristics analysis of high-speed rotor in magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope
Authors: Tang Jiqiang , Wang Kuo , Peng Zhujing , Zhao Shaopu
Published: November 2016

For a high-speed rotor in a magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope (MSCMG), the gyroscopic effect is one of its prominent characteristics. To improve the control stability of this kind of high-speed rotor in an MSCMG, an extremely important parameter of the rotor named the inertia ratio is defined originally and its effects on the rotor’s gyroscopic effect are analysed theoretically by simplifying the rotor into a standard model during its mechanical design precessing. This research indicates that the inertia ratio of a rotor is determined not only by the rotor’s mass and material density, but also by its generalized stiffness and shape coefficient. For an MSCMG with speed 12,000 rev/min and angular momentum 200 Nms, the optimized range of the rotor’s inertia ratio can be selected as 1.780–1.9, which is more accurate than the experimental one (1.4–2.0). In this case, the precession frequency is reduced by 19.2%, the mass is reduced by 4.63% and angular momentum is increased by 24.45%. This paper will provide helpful hints for the design and optimization of a high-speed rotor.
Being publicly intimate: teenagers managing online privacy
Authors: Balleys Claire , Coll Sami
Published: November 2016

Adults usually suspect teenagers not to care about their online privacy, although it has been shown that they manage privacy settings more frequently. Actually, adolescents develop a strategic management of privacy in order to translate it to social prestige. This article empirically shows how they rely on strong ties and get advantage on their online privacy in order to produce social and symbolic capital, namely, to show to peers that they grew out of childhood. It also shows that this production relies on a subtle balance between the public and private spheres. Indeed, they must conduct a representation of their private life on a public sphere in order to convince peers, who serve as an authority of legitimation, that they have an exclusive privacy.