bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menacer, sanctionner ou conseiller ? Prosociaux vs individualistes : quels leviers incitatifs pour quels individus ?
Authors: Festré Agnès , Kirakozian Ankinée , Toumi Mira
Published: January 2020

Cet article étudie et compare l’impact d’une sanction monétaire collective (par le biais d’une augmentation de la pression fiscale) par rapport à celui d’une recommandation par un tiers dans le cadre d’un jeu de bien public « à la Andreoni [1993] » autorisant la possibilité d’effet d’éviction. Nous testons également la corrélation entre l’effet des incitations et l’orientation sociale des sujets (au moyen d’un test SVO) sur les dispositions à contribuer au bien collectif. Nos résultats montrent que globalement la sanction est plus efficace que la recommandation et qu’en outre la menace de sanction a un effet disciplinant. Cependant, la sanction ainsi que sa menace ont un impact différencié selon l’orientation sociale des sujets. En particulier, contrairement aux individualistes et aux compétiteurs, les individus prosociaux n’y sont pas significativement sensibles.
Comportements pro-environnementaux et exposition à la nature : une étude expérimentale
Authors: Ibanez Lisette , Latourte Jean-Charles , Roussel Sébastien
Published: January 2020

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser si les comportements pro-environnementaux peuvent être renforcés par le simple fait de mettre les individus dans un cadre qui rappelle la nature. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une expérience en laboratoire où nous avons créé des cadres de décision dits de nature vs urbain (à travers le visionnage de vidéos), et nous avons observé deux types de comportements : une donation monétaire à une organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) environnementale (éco-don) et un effort pour recycler sous la forme d’un geste vert (éco-geste). Nous montrons que les participants mis dans un contexte de nature sont plus incités à donner, donnent en moyenne plus et recyclent en plus grand nombre comparativement aux participants ayant été mis dans un contexte urbain. Les résultats mettent également en avant qu’il n’existe pas de lien entre le comportement de don et la décision de recyclage. Notre travail donne de nouvelles pistes pour concevoir des politiques de préservation de l’environnement.
The Search for an Ideal Surgical Procedure for Pediatric Congenital Ptosis With Poor to Absent Levator Muscle Function Continues
Authors: Wagner Rudolph S.
Published: January 2020

EXCERPT

The surgical management of severe congenital blepharoptosis in pediatric patients continues to evolve. Results are often less than ideal regardless of the procedure used. This accounts for the numerous reports of proposed improved techniques and modifications of frontalis suspension and maximal levator muscle resection surgical procedures. A recent improvement in the frontalis suspension procedure is the incorporation of tarsal fixation of the suspensory material. This procedure includes an eyelid crease incision with dissection to the tarsus. This technique may preclude slippage of the suspensory material and recurrence of the ptosis. Although this increases surgical time, the improved long-term results make the extra time invested well worth it.
Visual Performance of a Small-Aperture Intraocular Lens: First Comparison of Results After Contralateral and Bilateral Implantation
Authors: Ang Robert Edward
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE:

To evaluate visual performance in patients implanted contralaterally and bilaterally with the small-aperture hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) (IC-8 IOL; AcuFocus, Irvine, CA).

METHODS:

In this prospective, non-randomized, non-comparative study, 10 contralateral patients were implanted with a monofocal IOL in one eye and an IC-8 IOL in the other. There were 10 bilateral patients implanted with an IC-8 IOL in both eyes. All patients were observed for at least 12 months after the study device was implanted in each eye. Visual acuity, patient satisfaction, ease of task performance, visual symptoms, defocus curves, and contrast sensitivity comparisons are presented.

RESULTS:

For bilateral and contralateral patients, the mean uncorrected and corrected distance binocular acuities were 20/25 or better at all distances. All 10 (100%) contralateral and 10 (100%) bilateral patients achieved 20/32 or better binocular uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity at all distances. The improvement in binocular uncorrected intermediate and uncorrected near visual acuity was 0.5 to 1 line greater in bilateral patients. Bilateral implantation extended the depth focus range by 0.25 diopters. The mean log contrast sensitivity was similar in both groups for mesopic without glare and with glare conditions at all spatial frequencies (
P
> .05). Bilateral patients had better overall satisfaction, satisfaction with near tasks, and spectacle independence and they rated many near tasks as easier to perform.

CONCLUSIONS:

Results demonstrate that both contralateral and bilateral implantation of an IC-8 IOL provide excellent visual acuity across all distances. Bilateral implantation can be successful based on careful patient selection and optimization of refractive targets.

[
J Refract Surg.
2020;36(1):12–19.]
Impact of Primary Calcification in Segmented Refractive Bifocal Intraocular Lenses on Optical Performance Including Straylight
Authors: Yildirim Timur M. , Labuz Grzegorz , Khoramnia Ramin , Son Hyeck-Soo , Schickhardt Sonja K. , Lieberwirth Ingo , Knorz Michael C. , Auffarth Gerd U.
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE:

To describe and analyze the impact of calcification on the optical quality of segmented refractive bifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).

METHODS:

Eight segmented refractive bifocal IOLs made of hydrophilic acrylic were explanted from 8 patients due to opacification (and one opacified IOL that was not explanted) and analyzed in a cross-sectional study with laboratory analysis. Nine cases comprised three IOL models: LS-313 MF30 (5 cases), LS-312 MF30 (3 cases), and LS-313 MF15 (1 case). Material analysis with scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed IOL calcification. Measurements of modulation transfer function (MTF) and straylight permitted assessment of the IOL optical quality. Values were compared to a control lens.

RESULTS:

Except for one case of Nd:YAG (neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) capsulotomy, there was no secondary surgical procedure in the patients' histories. Eight of nine patients reported deteriorated visual quality, ultimately requiring IOL exchange. Material evaluation revealed fine granules of a calcium phosphate. Despite calcification, all but one lens still showed two distinct foci on the MTF measurements. Straylight values were higher than in a cataractous lens (33.1 deg
2
/sr) in all cases, with an average value of 170.1 ± 71.5 deg
2
/sr.

CONCLUSIONS:

Optical quality assessment showed that IOL calcification had a small effect on the MTF of segmented refractive bifocal lenses but a large impact on the straylight levels. Accordingly, in the clinical case, straylight levels were elevated.

[
J Refract Surg.
2020;36(1):20–27.]
Explorative analysis on red mullet (Mullus barbatus) ageing data variability in the Mediterranean
Authors: Carbonara Pierluigi , Zupa Walter , Anastasopoulou Aikaterini , Bellodi Andrea , Bitetto Isabella , Charilaou Charis , Chatzispyrou Archontia , Elleboode Romain , Esteban Antonio , Follesa Maria Cristina , Isajlovic Igor , Jadaud Angélique , García-Ruiz Cristina , Giannakaki Amalia , Guijarro Beatriz , Elias Kiparissis Sotiris , Ligas Alessandro , Mahé Kelig , Massaro Andrea , Medvesek Damir , Mytilineou Chryssi , Ordines Francesc , Pesci Paola , Porcu Cristina , Peristeraki Panagiota , Thasitis Ioannis , Torres Pedro , Spedicato Maria Teresa , Tursi Angelo , Sion Letizia
Published: January 2020

The uncertainty in age estimation by otolith reading may be at the root of the large variability in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) growth models in the Mediterranean. In the MEDITS survey, red mullet age data are produced following the same sampling protocol and otolith reading methodology. However, ageing is assigned using different interpretation schemes, including variations in theoretical birthdate and number of false rings considered, in addition to differences in the experience level of readers. The present work analysed the influence of these variations and the geographical location of sampling on red mullet ageing using a multivariate approach (principal component analysis). Reader experience was the most important parameter correlated with the variability. The number of rings considered false showed a significant effect on the variability in the first age groups but had less influence on the older ones. The effect of the theoretical birthdate was low in all age groups. Geographical location had a significant influence, with longitude showing greater effects than latitude. In light of these results, workshops, exchanges and the adoption of a common ageing protocol based on age validation studies are considered fundamental tools for improving precision in red mullet ageing.
La géodiversité représentée dans le Report on the Geology of the Henry Mountains (1877) de Grove Karl Gilbert (1843-1918)
Authors: Giusti Christian
Published: January 2020

Le géographe, géologue, et géomorphologue Grove Karl Gilbert (1843-1918) est un des fondateurs de la géomorphologie. Le mémoire que Gilbert consacre en 1877 aux Monts Henry permet non seulement de saisir sa pensée et définir sa méthode, mais il offre une remarquable illustration de la géodiversité, tant structurelle que fonctionnelle. La genèse des laccolites en tant qu’objet géologique et mécanisme orogénique, ou le développement des formes de dissection des cours d’eau en tant qu’objets géographiques emboîtés (badlands, bassin-versant, région naturelle) et mécanisme morphogénétique sont des problèmes traités par Gilbert à la manière d’un ingénieur : équilibre hydrostatique des venues magmatiques, équilibre hydrodynamique des formes de l’écoulement. Au contraire des Powell, Dutton, McGee, ou Davis, Gilbert ne convoque ni l’histoire naturelle ni la périodisation, mais les équations de la physique et de la chimie. Cette manière de faire, qui est la marque distinctive de toute son œuvre scientifique, explique la notoriété de Gilbert à partir des années 1950.
The How, What, Why, and When of Teaching Mathematics in the K-12 Inclusive Classroom
Authors: Paliwal Veena , Fain Angela C.
Published: January 2020

Research has shown that a better understanding of mathematics education in the K-12 classrooms with an emphasis on meeting the needs of students with mathematics difficulties in an inclusive setting is crucial. Unfortunately, there is limited literature available for teachers, parents, and educators to prepare them for teaching mathematics in an inclusion setting. This chapter provides an in-depth discussion on how students' understanding and mathematical thinking, reasoning, and sense directly correlate to achievement in mathematics courses, higher-level academic courses, and in-career opportunities. This chapter provides researchers, scholars, educators, parents, and students an invaluable resource and deeper insight for understanding how effective mathematics instruction can benefit all students in an inclusive classroom.
Effective Pedagogical Practices in Inclusive Classrooms for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Khazanchi Rashmi , Khazanchi Pankaj
Published: January 2020

Inclusive education means educating students with special needs in an age-appropriate general education setting where students receive high-quality, standard-based instructions, interventions, and support that enable them to experience success in the general education classroom. Effective pedagogical practices involve the collaboration of both special education teacher and general education teacher to identify and implement effective teaching practices which enhance student engagement and promote higher-order thinking skills. Special education teacher supports the general education teacher in adapting curriculum and teaching methods, modifying assessments, and providing accommodations to students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms. Effective pedagogical practices are affected by teacher's belief; students' disabilities; and their roles and responsibilities towards the students with disabilities. This chapter examines previous researches and studies that investigate effective pedagogical practices in inclusive classrooms for students with disabilities.
Early Medical Education Readiness Interventions
Authors: Heck Amber J. , Cross Courtney E. , Tatum Veronica Y.
Published: January 2020

Medical educators have long debated how to address one pivotal question: Which students will succeed in medical school? Traditionally, the approach to guaranteeing success in undergraduate medical education focused heavily on a rigorous admissions process. While student selection processes have evolved over time, so have the multiple categories of interventions to prepare students for success in medical school. These interventions are most often aimed at enhancing either academic or emotional preparedness in future or current students and are perhaps best described as early medical education readiness interventions. This chapter organizes these programs into the three overarching categories of preadmissions, prematriculation, and postmatriculation interventions, and will discuss the history and current landscape of each of these categories in detail. Further, the authors make recommendations for medical school administrators and directors of such programs to consider when designing their institutional approach to early medical education readiness interventions.
Computer Science in Mathematics Preservice Teacher Education
Authors: Wachira Patrick , Liu Xiongyi
Published: January 2020

In recent years, significant resources have been invested in increasing access and opportunities to computer science (CS) for elementary school students in the US. However even with the increased advancements and initiatives to embed CS into the elementary school curriculum, little has been done to examine the curriculum and pedagogical implications for mathematics preservice teacher education. For these initiatives to be successful, there is a need to train preservice teachers to integrate CS concepts into their teaching. This chapter reports on a research project that investigated the use of a visual programming language on pre-service teachers' understanding of basic computer science ideas and how these can be integrated into the teaching of mathematics. The purpose of the project was to help preservice teachers develop a basic knowledge of computer science concepts and to help develop subject-specific understanding of how to integrate these concepts.
Micromotion Analysis of a Dental Implant System
Authors: Manimaran R. , Dommeti Vamsi Krishna , Nutu Emil , Roy Sandipan
Published: January 2020

The objective of project is to reduce the micromotion of novel implant under the static loads using function of uniform design for FE analysis. Integrating the features of regular implant, a new implant model has been done. Micromotion of the novel implant was obtained using static structural FE analysis. Compared to the existing International team for implantology implants, the micromotion of the novel implant model was considerably decreased by static structural analysis. Six control factors were taken for achieving minimizes the micromotion of novel dental implant system. In the present work, uniform design technique was used to create a set of finite element analysis simulation: according to the uniform design method, all FE analysis simulation; compared to the original model, the micromotion is 0.01944mm and micromotion of improved design version is 0.01244mm. The improvement rate for the micromotion is 35.02%.
Rural Economy Activation Through E-Commerce
Authors: Sánchez-Acevedo Miguel A. , Álvarez-Velásquez Israel , Sabino-Moxo Beatriz A. , Márquez-Domínguez José A. , Morales-Salgado Ma. del Rocio G.
Published: January 2020

Rural economy has been characterized by low incomes and self-consumption production. With the expansion of global markets and the access of customers through internet, the possibility of moving traditional markets to e-commerce increases. This expansion allows the inclusion of rural economy into the e-commerce market. This chapter describes the challenges to be overtaken in order to activate rural economy through e-commerce. The chapter is organized in five sections: The first section focuses on the communication infrastructure available in rural areas. In the second section, the current state and challenges to be addressed for guaranteeing on time delivery are presented. The third section describes payment methods. The fourth section presents schemes of organization required into the communities to guarantee the quality of products. Finally, marketing, advertising, and social networks are discussed.
Challenges for the Construction of Identities With Historical Consciousness
Authors: Delgado-Algarra Emilio José , Cuenca-López José María
Published: January 2020

As a result of innovative didactic experiences and previous research, the authors selected and highlighted some of the most important bases to consider that citizenship education and heritage education share common principles and objectives to enhance aspects such as participation, commitment, or historical awareness. However, there are still challenges that must be faced collaboratively between public administrations, social groups, the private sector, and the general public. This chapter starts with a review about research on heritage education and research in citizenship education and continues with the description of some innovative experiences based on research into heritage and citizenship education; concluding that the connections between citizenship education and heritage education allows the definition of new lines of research and innovation framed as relevant socio-environmental issues, such as controversial social issues, the approach to freedoms, social justice, respect and sociocultural empathy, democratic values, and construction of identities, among others.
Heritage in Conflict
Authors: Estepa-Giménez Jesús , Cáceres Myriam Martín
Published: January 2020

Educating with, from, towards, and for heritage involves a revision of the teaching contents and the dominant traditional teaching methodology. The search for new strategies to work on heritage on the basis of relevant socio-environmental issues has led us to consider the convenience of a selection of heritage content not in terms of aesthetic or environmental values, but to arouse conflict or controversy in relation to heritage, either ideological, political, economic, environmental or by interaction among them. The aim of this selection is to equip the students with skills and abilities characteristic of critical thinking and contribute to the education of citizens committed to social participation and planetary sustainability. To this end, in the present work we intend to ground, categorise and exemplify the controversies that arise around heritage, its management and conservation or safeguard as a reference for social science teachers intending to work on heritage education from this perspective.
Heritage Education and Global Citizenship
Authors: González-Valencia Gustavo A. , Sabater Mariona Massip , Mata Jordi Castellví
Published: January 2020

Heritage education has been viewed as an aspect associated to the building of local and national identities, but there has been little exploration of the way it relates to Global Citizenship Education. This chapter explores this relationship in theoretical terms, through documentary review and analysis from a socio-critical perspective. One of the initial conclusions is that heritage education is associated with art history and is the work of formal and informal education institutions. Another more in-depth conclusion is that there are relationships between these two types of education that share the common thread of identity-building and participation, which ties in with recognition of the changes caused to societies through globalisation. The chapter concludes with a series of questions asking whether it is possible to conceive a global heritage or identity.
Heritage and Museums as Objects of Education for Citizenship in the Teaching of History
Authors: Escribano-Miralles Ainoa , Miralles-Martínez Pedro , Serrano-Pastor Francisca-José
Published: January 2020

Over the last few decades, heritage education in Spain has shifted from being just another area of knowledge to a scientific discipline in its own right. Heritage and heritage education actions have been demonstrated to contribute to the development of critical and active citizenship. From school onwards, heritage is an important resource in education for citizenship and teaching history. This chapter aims to provide the theoretical premise for working in the classroom with archaeological heritage to contribute to the learning of social sciences. The focus on education with heritage is laid out, the Spanish educational curriculum is analyzed, and the necessary tools will be provided for work in the classroom with archaeological heritage. In conclusion, it presents how field trips can be integrated into the teaching program.
Heritage Education as an Instrument for the Construction of a Democratic Citizenship in the Social Sciences Classrooms of Secondary Education
Authors: Coma Laia , Fuentes Concha , Sánchez Lydia
Published: January 2020

The objective of this chapter is to reflect on the importance of the construction of the concept of democratic citizenship in the secondary education classrooms in Spain through heritage education in both formal and non-formal educational contexts. The authors approach this question from different perspectives that somehow reflect the interdisciplinarity proper to this topic. The reflections and educational proposals collected are articulated through two educational scenarios: the school and the city, taken as environments with great educational potential. Beyond the issue of the setting, this chapter also discusses how and with what instruments civic competence should be worked with students. In this sense, heritage is presented as an excellent learning tool for the construction of a democratic society as well as identitary wealth.
Arabic Language Heritage Schools
Authors: Szczepek Reed Beatrice , Bengsch Geraldine , Said Fatma F. S. , Scally Jayme , Davies Ian
Published: January 2020

In this chapter we consider the nature and role of Arabic heritage / supplementary schools in the UK in relation to debate security. We do this by establishing an overview of the current political context in the UK and beyond in where there is concern about a possible drift towards the proliferation of / recruitment to terrorist groups. There are significant official efforts being made to reduce that perceived threat. There are, within the UK, thousands of schools that promote and maintain the heritage language and culture of students. We describe and discuss that educational context and use results from empirical research which focused particularly on a small sample of Arabic language heritage schools. Recognizing the desire of those in heritage schools to contribute positively to UK society, we discuss key issues in relation to personal identity and social identity and outline conclusions and recommendations which will help achieve a more sophisticated educational response to cultural difference.
Trainee Teachers' Perceptions of History Teaching and the Critical Education of Citizenship
Authors: Carrasco Cosme Jesús Gómez , Facal Ramón López , Fernandez Belen María Castro
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents the results of a study carried out at the Universities of Murcia and Santiago de Compostela in Spain regarding the perceptions of trainee primary education teachers about educational knowledge of history education. The decision was taken to employ a quantitative non-experimental design via a Likert-type questionnaire (values from 1 to 5). Significant data have been obtained making it possible to carry out a diagnosis of their professional competencies. The results show that the majority of trainee primary education teachers identify with a critical model of teacher, one who must use active teaching methods and promote ethical values related with social justice. However, this idea contrasts with an implicit model which is much more traditional in its theoretical and methodological conceptions. In the conclusions, its propose the need to improve teacher training linking it more directly with the carrying out of teaching practice.
Heritage Education and Citizen Education in Chile
Authors: Muñoz Carlos Enrique , Vásquez Lara Nelson , Collao Donoso Damaris Natalia , Vásquez Leyton Gabriela Alejandra , Torres Durán Bastián , Muñoz Grandón Carlos , Montanares- Vargas Elizabeth G. , Gutiérrez Cortés Karen B.
Published: January 2020

The chapter presents the results of an investigation carried out in ten Chilean museums, distributed in the regions of Valparaíso and Biobío, and whose objective is to describe and analyze the link between the museum and the school. For this, the following central questions were posed: What is learned and what can be learned in the museum? How do you learn? What is the focus and purpose of your training proposal? What links exist between the patrimony and the strengthening of the citizen education? The results are grouped into two broad categories. The first question refers to those aspects that are presented as positive and not imported. In the second part, those aspects that diminish the activity of the museums in the light of the international development in the area are grouped, and therefore a deep revision is required.
Historical Memory in Heritage Education Apps
Authors: Gillate Iratxe , Luna Ursula , Castrillo Janire , Ibáñez-Etxeberria Alex
Published: January 2020

The present study explores apps aimed at preserving historical memory and are presented as a resource for promoting social and civic competence. Its objectives are to identify these apps' primary characteristics, and to describe both their adaptation for the learning of content and the ways in which these resources deal with heritage and historical memory. The results present a small sample of apps that for the most part function as museum tour guides, that are very limited in terms of their educational adaptability, and that present heritage education in terms of emotionally charged symbolic and identity content in which historical memory is not addressed in an entirely satisfactory manner.
Researches, Projects, and Experiences in Didactics of History and Heritage From the DiPaSt Center of the University of Bologna, Italy
Authors: Borghi Beatrice , Galletti Filippo
Published: January 2020

The objective of the article is to present the most representative research led by the International Center for Didactics of History and Heritage of the University of Bologna with the participation of schools and teachers of all levels, and institutions and local authorities in the field didactic of history and heritage teaching. Specifically, it will analyse: the project called Roots to fly, where the scholars who have carried out research inherent to the heritage can expose their results and make proposals for the protection and enhancement to the leaders of the institutions appointed to these tasks; the European project STEP, which has developed a preschool and primary interdisciplinary curriculum to create relationship between children school experience and informal education; and, finally, research projects oriented to the perception of teachers in training and in service on the theme of heritage education for active citizenship.
The Difficulty of Teaching Historical Landscape
Authors: Brusa Antonio Pasquale
Published: January 2020

Identity and anti-modernity seem the fundamental concepts consider the historical landscape in Italian schools. These concepts characterize the Italian educational systems that deal with landscape and territory. The task of teaching in this situation is that of the deconstruction of stereotypes and misconceptions. It is possible to set up a historical didactic, based on the insertion of historical landscapes in large space-time contexts, and overcome the micro-histories, which characterize most of the Italian didactic experiences. The definition of history as “science of the invisible” suggests a teaching based on a well-trained imagination, of which some examples are given.
Democratic Learning Environment Formats for the Empowerment of Youth
Authors: Gantenberg Julia , Partetzke Marc
Published: January 2020

Radicalization and anti-democratic trends, even at the very local level, have Europe-wide implications, threatening the stability of the European Union and its fundamental values. Hence, the protection, promotion and anchoring of democratic values can only be tackled in a joint effort. This is especially young people who are socially excluded and disadvantaged show a higher risk of violent and political radicalization in all countries. In the context of political education approaches, it is essential to think of educational programs that could increase commitment, resonance, and participation among this particular social group of young people in the context of a civil society. Taking the project 'European Learning Environment Formats for Citizenship and Democracy' (ELEF) as an example, this chapter aims at presenting an education theoretical classification as well as an approach suggesting how to react to societal challenges with the help of educational formats.
The Spanish Civil War in the Classrooms
Authors: Feliu-Torruella Maria , Hernandez-Cardona Francesc-Xavier
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this chapter is to raise awareness of the pedagogic potential of history of the Spanish Civil War, and its heritage, to develop a citizen education programme to foster critical citizenship. Today, more than ever, our complex and interrelated world is making us learn and live together. Not just because of solidarity, humanitarianism, or to practice the values of pluralism, as described in the civic education educational curricula, but because we must learn to live within the complexity of our world. We will talk about heritage, since each era generates objects, artifacts, and documents of all kinds, and wars are no exception. Thus, we propose pedagogic activities grounded on the use of heritage materials, which will be contributing to the work for a critical citizenry.
Application of a Fuzzy System to the Analysis of Entrepreneurial Intention in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia
Authors: Aristizábal Tamayo Juan Manuel , Tarapuez Edwin , Vasquez Juan Carlos
Published: January 2020

Asymmetries in the relative growth of Latin American countries and the disparities in both institutional performance and cultural aspects validate the search for new explanations in analyzing the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth. In this sense, although the study of entrepreneurial intention (EI) has received greater attention in the setting of academic research and design of public policy, the literature voids remain related with the treatment of the phenomenon as a multidimensional problem in situations in which the information available is scarce and not structured. Due to the aforementioned, this document proposes a mathematical model based on fussy logic techniques from the study of the factors that impact upon the EI of undergraduate students in administration in three Latin American countries: Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia.
Social Entrepreneurship and Participatory Experiences of Service-Learning in University Business Training
Authors: Bohórquez-Caldera Luis Alfredo
Published: January 2020

The chapter presents a proactive analysis of the teaching of inclusive entrepreneurship based on the progress of an investigation. Theoretical development involves the concepts of entrepreneurship as opportunities management and inclusive entrepreneurship with pedagogy, didactics, pedagogical practice, and professional practice. From this conceptual framework, the idea of participatory experiences of service-learning and citizenship that is not yet an elaborate concept or idea, but rather, it is a construct with a strong pedagogical and didactic dimension that defines relevant horizons of action to consolidate from the curriculum, specific processes of professional training.
How to Facilitate Citizen-Led Social Innovations
Authors: Ates Seyithan Ahmet
Published: January 2020

The historical periods of disruptions for almost every field of life underlines the necessity of bottom-up development, which requires citizens to realize its potential and take the responsibility to make a change. Social innovations are believed to play the role that technological innovation did during the industrial development one century ago. Proven experiences suggest that there is an immense need of cultivation of an ‘innov-active' society which is sensitive to the challenges around them, capable of analyzing the situation, determining the point of action, developing alternatives and providing necessary resources in an innovative and collaborative manner without awaiting or expecting the intervention of others. Unlocking the potential of the people necessitates taking advantage of collective intelligence; a participators design approach, improving the community feeling and level of trust; developing necessary tools for action; and improving the active citizenship mindset, which eventually contributes to an entrepreneurship spirit and thus creates a risk-taker and resilient society.
Citizen Perceptions and Support for Smart City Projects
Authors: San Martín Héctor , García-de-los-Salmones Mª Mar , Herrero-Crespo Ángel
Published: January 2020

The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) applied to territories leads to the phenomenon of “Smart City.” The goal of a smart project is to use technology to manage all of the issues of a city (mobility, heritage, environmental, safety, and health services) in a more sustainable, livable, and efficient way, which will result in improving the citizens' quality of life. To know how the individuals perceive and evaluate these smart initiatives, we surveyed 525 citizens of Santander, a city in Spain that has developed a smart city project. As a result, we found that the citizens who are more familiar with smart cities are more likely to perceive that these types of projects have positive economic, cultural, environmental, and reputational impacts for the towns. This group of citizens also has a more positive attitude toward smart cities, assesses more favorably the brand equity of the smart project under investigation, and shows higher support for it.
Challenges in the Informal Sector
Authors: Koramoah Abena Owarewaa , Abban-Ampiah Grace
Published: January 2020

Owing to the highly competitive and volatile business environment, companies in the West African markets face significant challenges. This study was conducted to examine the challenges faced in the marketplace in Ghana by successful entrepreneurs. Accra was intentionally sampled for the analysis of four successful entrepreneurs from the Makola market. Findings revealed that access to finance, high competition, instability in macroeconomic indicators, poor management competences, lack of skilled labor and deficiencies in marketing strategies are the major factors confronting the survival of entrepreneurs in the marketplace. The results provide insights into the important and current challenges facing entrepreneurs in the informal sectors. Recommendations were made to help overcome the challenges faced by business people in their operations.
Understanding the influence of high novelty-seeking on academic burnout: Moderating effect of physical activity
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Mirbahaadin Mahla , Kasaeiyan Rashya
Published: January 2020

A large number of studies have shown a positive correlation between high novelty-seeking (HNS), substance/medication use (S/MU), high physical activity (HPA), and academic burnout (AB); however, the outcome of individuals with HNS in the terms of catching AB is doubtful. The present study was conducted to find out whether the personality traits such as HNS in medical students predisposes the AB or decreases its severity by increased physical activity (PA). This cross-sectional study, 227 medical students with HNS were selected from three major cities of Iran during February, 2019 to July, 2019 using convenience sampling and were assessed using demographic information form, Baecke’s physical activity questionnaire, and Breso’s academic burnout questionnaire. In this study, 126 male and 151 female participants were divided into four groups namely HNS + low physical activity (LPA) (n = 68); HNS + HPA (n = 73); HNS + S/MU + LPA (n = 72); and HNS + S/MU + HPA (n = 64). The study results indicated that the maximum and minimum mean scores of AB and its subscales were in the HNS + S/MU + LPA and HNS + HPA groups, respectively. In addition, the hierarchical multiple regression analysis results for the two groups of students with and without S/MU indicated that PA plays a moderating role in the relationship between AB and HNS. Given that the AB can be considered as an antecedent of depressive disorders, its lowered level could be effective in preventing major depressive disorder. Regarding the moderating role of PA in the relationship between HNS and AB, PA, as a relatively simple and inexpensive alternative to pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, can be raised in the treatment and prevention of the AB.
Inhibition of Activin/Myostatin signalling induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy but impairs mouse testicular development
Authors: Vaughan Danielle , Ritvos Olli , Mitchell Robert , Kretz Oliver , Lalowski Maciej , Amthor Helge , Chambers David , Matsakas Antonios , Pasternack Arja , Collins-Hooper Henry , Ballesteros Randy , Huber Tobias B. , Denecke Bernd , Widera Darius , Mukherjee Abir , Patel Ketan
Published: January 2020

Numerous approaches are being developed to promote post-natal muscle growth based on attenuating Myostatin/Activin signalling for clinical uses such as the treatment neuromuscular diseases, cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. However there have been concerns about the effects of inhibiting Activin on tissues other than skeletal muscle. We intraperitoneally injected mice with the Activin ligand trap, sActRIIB, in young, adult and a progeric mouse model. Treatment at any stage in the life of the mouse rapidly increased muscle mass. However at all stages of life the treatment decreased the weights of the testis. Not only were the testis smaller, but they contained fewer sperm compared to untreated mice. We found that the hypertrophic muscle phenotype was lost after the cessation of sActRIIB treatment but abnormal testis phenotype persisted. In summary, attenuation of Myostatin/Activin signalling inhibited testis development. Future use of molecules based on a similar mode of action to promote muscle growth should be carefully profiled for adverse side-effects on the testis. However the effectiveness of sActRIIB as a modulator of Activin function provides a possible therapeutic strategy to alleviate testicular seminoma development.
Daytime noninvasive ventilatory support for patients with ventilatory pump failure: a narrative review
Authors: Banfi Paolo , Pierucci Paola , Volpato Eleonora , Nicolini Antonello , Lax Agata , Robert Dominique , Bach John
Published: January 2020

Over the past three decades, the use of noninvasive ventilation or “NIV” to assuage symptoms of hypoventilation for patients with early onset or mild ventilatory pump failure has been extended to up to the use of continuous noninvasive ventilatory support (CNVS) at full ventilatory support settings as a definitive alternative to tracheostomy mechanical ventilation. NVS, along with mechanical insufflation-exsufflation, now provides a noninvasive option for the management of both chronic and acute respiratory failure for these patients. The most common diagnoses for which these methods are useful include chest wall deformities, neuromuscular diseases, morbid obesity, high level spinal cord injury and idiopathic, primary or secondary disorders of the ventilatory control. Thus, NVS is being used in diverse settings: critical care units, medical wards, at home, and in extended care. The aim of this review is to examine the techniques used for daytime support.
Baseline Performance of High School Rugby Players on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5
Authors: Black Amanda M. , Miutz Lauren N. , KV Vineetha Warriyar , Schneider Kathryn J. , Yeates Keith Owen , Emery Carolyn A.
Published: January 2020

Context

Version 5 of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT5) was released in 2017 with an additional 10-word list option in the memory section and additional instructions for completing the symptom scale.

Objective

To provide reference scores for high school rugby union players on the SCAT5, including immediate memory using the 10-word list, and examine how age, sex, and concussion history affected performance.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Calgary, Alberta high schools.

Patients or Other Participants

High school rugby union players (ages 15–18 years) participating in a 2018 season cohort study (n = 380, males = 210, females = 170).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 scores, including total number of symptoms (of 20), symptom severity (of 132), 10-word immediate memory (of 30), delayed memory (of 10), modified Standardized Assessment of Concussion (of 50), and balance examination (of 30).

Results

The median number of symptoms reported at baseline ranged from 5 to 8 across sex and age stratifications. Median symptom severity was lowest in males with no concussion history (7; range, 0–28) and highest in females with a concussion history (13, range = 0–45). Median total scores on immediate memory were 2–3 (range = 0–4) for males and 21 (range = 9–29) for females. Median total scores were 3 (range = 0–4) on digits backward and 7 (range = 0–20) on delayed memory (all groups). Based on simultaneous quantile (q) regression at 0.50 and 0.75, adjusted for age and concussion history, being female was associated with a higher total symptoms score (q0.75 βfemale = 2.85; 99% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33, 5.37), higher total symptom severity score (q0.75 βfemale = 8.00; 99% CI = 2.83, 13.17), and lower number of errors on the balance examination (q0.75 βfemale = −3.00; 99% CI = −4.85, −1.15). Age and concussion history were not associated with any summary measures.

Conclusions

The 10-word list option in the memory section reduced the likelihood of a ceiling effect. A player's sex may be an important consideration when interpreting the SCAT5 after concussion.
Minimally invasive oesophagectomy with a total two-field lymphadenectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus
Authors: Sasikumar Kuppusamy , Kalayarasan Raja , Gnanasekaran Senthil , Chandrasekar Sandip , Pottakkat Biju
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

In the era of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACTRT), the safety and clinical significance of radical lymphadenectomy specifically lymphadenectomy along the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has been questioned. Furthermore, the compliance to NACTRT with the CROSS regimen has not been well studied in the Indian population. This prospective study aimed to determine the compliance with CROSS regimen, feasibility and short-term outcomes of minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIE) with a total two-field lymphadenectomy after NACTRT.

Methods:

A prospective study (January 2014 to December 2018) of patients with locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) eligible for NACTRT (cT1-4a, N0-1, M0) with CROSS regimen followed by MIE with total two-field lymphadenectomy. The compliance rate, post-operative complications and the pathological response rate were assessed.

Results:

Of the 166 patients with locally advanced SCC, 76 (45.8%) were eligible for NACTRT and 34 completed NACTRT followed by MIE with a total two-field lymphadenectomy (study group). Twenty-nine (38.1%) patients did not complete NACTRT due to complications or poor compliance. Median (range) blood loss was 125 (50–450) ml and the median (range) operation time for the thoracoscopic phase was 205 (155–325) min. Total median (range) lymph node count and mediastinal lymph node counts were 20 (11–33) and 12, (8–21) respectively. Most common post-operative complications were pneumonia (n = 12, 35.3%) followed by RLN palsy (n = 10, 29.4%). Of the 22 patients who had a complete pathological response of the primary tumour, 7 (31.8%) patients had a node-positive disease.

Conclusion:

NACTRT followed by MIE is feasible in patients with locally advanced SCC. The nodal disease is common even in patients with the complete pathological response of the primary tumour. The dropout rate with NACTRT using the CROSS regimen is high in the present study.
The Outcomes of Endotracheal Intubation versus Non-Endotracheal Intubation during Cardiopulmonary Arrest in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bakhsh Abdullah A. , Allali Daniah S. , Bakhribah Ahmad H. , Faydhi Ali A.
Published: January 2020

Airway management techniques during cardiopulmonary arrest in the emergency department may impact short and long-term outcomes of these patients. Prior studies addressing airway management of patients in cardiopulmonary arrest in the emergency department are limited. We aimed to evaluate the one-month neurological outcomes post cardiac arrest as a primary endpoint. Our secondary endpoint was to look at return of spontaneous circulation rates and survival to discharge. We retrospectively reviewed cardiac arrest flow sheets of patients sustaining in-emergency department cardiopulmonary arrest between January 2017 and September 2017. We looked at the different types of airway management techniques and their effect on patient outcomes. Patients who received non-endotracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary arrest had higher rates of good neurological outcome (GCS > 9) at one month when compared with patients who received endotracheal intubation: 8 (32%) vs. 2 (5.3%), respectively. Our results revealed a significant association of non-endotracheal intubation (bag-valve mask or laryngeal mask airway) with return of spontaneous circulation rates (p 0.044), survival to discharge (p < 0.001), and good neurological outcome (GCS > 9) (p 0.008). Although non-endotracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary arrest is not common, we encourage the increased use of bag-valve mask and laryngeal mask airways during cardiopulmonary arrest as they are associated with better outcomes.