bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor Categorization Model (TCM) Using Soft Computing Techniques for Providing Efficient Medical Support in Brain Tumor Treatments
Authors: Vinoth Kumar V. , Paulchamy B.
Published: March 2022

Brain cancer identification and segmentation is a prolonged and difficult task in Medical Image Processing, which is most significant for providing appropriate treatment and increase patient’s life span. With the advancements available in medical fields, soft computing techniques
are incorporated to accurate detection and classification of brain tumors. Besides brain cancer detection, it is vital to categorize tumor stage based on their features. For that concern, this paper develops a Tumor Categorization Model (TCM) that includes image processing and soft computing
techniques. Here, pre-processing is carried out using modified Gabor filter and segmentation process is performed with OTSU thresholding. Following segmentation, region growing is processed based on the pixel intensities of input MRI brain images. Further, Discrete Wavelet Transform is enforced
for extorting image features as well as gray-level co-occurence matrix features are also derived for appropriate classifications. Finally, the input MRI images are classified using Boosting Support Vector Machine (BSVM) with the benchmark dataset called DICOM and BraTS dataset. The experimental
results demonstrate accurate brain tumor detection and categorization by the efficient incorporation of image processing and soft computing methodologies, provides efficient clinical support in providing treatments.
A Detection of Amblyopia Medical Condition in Biomedical Datasets Using Image Segmentation and Detection Processing
Authors: Lalitha S. , Shanthi N. , Gopinath S.
Published: March 2022

The recent past, the data volume in a media field is growing at a rapid rate, and conventional methods fail to manage such a large volume of data in healthcare systems, biomedical field, medical diagnostic systems etc. The main challenges associated with biomedical computation are the
problems associated with management, storage, and analysis on extensive biomedical data. To play a significant role over such extensive data, the machine learning approach provides faster access to medical data with an improved framework. The main objective involves the detection of amblyopia
condition from input images and comparing it with conventional image detection methods. The proposed method is examined in terms of detection accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Hausdorff distance computation and Dice Coefficient. Also, the detection of an Amblyopic or Lazy Eye diseased images
is still not prevalent in the field of image segmentation and detection. In this paper, we introduce a framework to process the Amblyopia image datasets using machine learning, and similarity comparison approach. The proposed image processing involves the segmentation of eye images using Recurrent
Neural Networks (RNN), and the detection of Amblyopia disease is carried out with Hausdorff Distance computation and Dice coefficient similarity comparison on the segmented image. The initial subset points and threshold values are calculated from a set of 50 normal eye images. A set of 100
Amblyopic diseased image dataset is used for testing the proposed system, out of which 70 images are used for training the system. To evaluate the experimental results shows that proposed method obtains improved detection than existing Deeply-Learned Gaze Shifting Path (DLGSP), Cascade Regression
Framework (CRF) and Mobile Iris Recognition System (MIRS) methods. The presence of Hausdorff Distance computation and Dice coefficient similarity comparison is used for reducing the overhead in the proposed method, and this can be used for computing large sets of images.
Intercomparison of Dynamically and Statistically Downscaled Climate Change Projections over the Midwest and Great Lakes Region
Authors: Byun Kyuhyun , Sharma Ashish , Wang Jiali , Tank Jennifer L. , Hamlet Alan F.
Published: March 2022

Downscaling of global climate model (GCMs) simulations is a key element of regional-to-local-scale climate change projections that can inform impact assessments, long-term planning, and resource management in different sectors. We conduct an intercomparison between statistically and dynamically downscaled GCMs simulations using the hybrid delta (HD) and the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Model, respectively, over the Midwest and Great Lakes region to 1) validate their performance in reproducing extreme daily precipitation (P) and daily maximum temperature (Tmax) for summer and winter and 2) evaluate projections of extremes in the future. Our results show the HD statistical downscaling approach, which includes large-scale bias correction of GCM inputs, can reproduce observed extremePandTmaxreasonably well for both summer and winter. However, raw historical WRF simulations show significant bias in both extremePandTmaxfor both seasons. Interestingly, the convection-permitting WRF simulation at 4-km grid spacing does not produce better results for seasonal extremes than the WRF simulation at 12 km using a parameterized convection scheme. Despite a broad similarity for winter extremePprojections, the projected changes in the future summer storms are quite different between downscaling methods; WRF simulations show substantial increases in summer extreme precipitation, while the changes projected by the HD approach exhibit moderate decreases overall. The WRF simulations at 4 km also show a pronounced decoupling effect between seasonal totals and extreme dailyPfor summer, which suggests that there could be more intense summer extremes at two different time scales, with more severe individual convective storms combined with longer summer droughts at the end of the twenty-first century.
The Statistical Relationship of Lightning Activity and Short-Duration Rainfall Events over Guangzhou, China, in 2017
Authors: Zou Qiangli , Cui Xiaopeng , Hao Shifeng
Published: March 2022

The Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) lightning observation and rainfall data from 270 automatic weather stations (AWS) over Guangzhou in 2017 are examined. The high spatiotemporal resolution data are used to analyze the relationship between lightning activity and precipitation in 14 758 short-duration rainfall (SDR) events. About 43% of the SDR events are reported to be accompanied by lightning activity (SDRWL). The rainfall intensity of SDRWL is significantly higher than that of SDR events with no lightning (SDRNL). Lightning activity is more likely to occur in SDR events with higher rainfall rates. A power-law relationship is found between lightning flash rate and rainfall rate, with a max correlation coefficient of 0.44. In about 55% of SDRWL, lightning flashes occur later than precipitation, and the opposite is found in about 35% of SDRWL. When lightning is delayed for 5–10 min, the lagged correlation coefficient between lightning and precipitation is the largest. The results also show that the lightning flash rate peak mostly occurs from −10 to 20 min after the rainfall rate peak, and this time lag is common in SDRWL with all intensities. The starting time of lightning is related to the rainfall intensity. In heavy SDRWL, lightning activity usually occurs from −10 to 20 min after the beginning of precipitation, while in weak SDRWL, the above time window expands to ±1 h. These results indicate that the quantity and time relationship between lightning and precipitation are more solid in heavy SDR events.
Telemedicine in Otolaryngology During COVID-19: An Exploratory Assessment of Provider and Patient Attitudes
Authors: Alwani Mohamedkazim , Campiti Vincent , Nesemeier Ryan , Vernon Dominic , Shipchandler Taha , Ting Jonathan , Parker Noah
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To determine provider and patient attitudes toward telemedicine in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS).

Methods:

Otolaryngology practitioners conducting outpatient clinics at an academic tertiary referral center were provided with a pre-Study Provider Perception Questionnaire (pre-PPQ) designed to evaluate pre-study perception of telemedicine in otolaryngology. A post-study Provider Perception Questionnaire (post-PPQ) designed to evaluate elements similar to those constituting the PrePPQ was completed at 6 weeks. Additionally, following each visit, providers and patients completed Individual Encounter Survey Questionnaires (IESQ) to evaluate the virtual clinical encounter experience.

Results:

The pre-PPQ was completed by 29 providers, while the post-PPQ was completed by 12 providers. A total of 236 post-visit provider IESQs were completed, of which 208 were deemed successful. Audio/visual (AV) difficulties and limited server connectivity for the patient were most common causes for unsuccessful encounters. Providers reported that the most appropriate use of telemedicine, on both pre-PPQ and post-PPQ, was triaging patients to determine the need for in-person visits. The inability to perform a physical exam was rated as the primary barrier to telemedicine in OHNS on both pre-PPQ and post-PPQ. Patients strongly agreed with the statements, “My healthcare provider was able to understand my healthcare condition” and, “I felt comfortable communicating with my healthcare provider” 92.0% and 95.4% of the time, respectively.

Conclusion:

Both providers and patients demonstrated an overall positive attitude toward the use of telemedicine in the provision of otolaryngologic care.
Exploring the Role of Occupational Therapy and Forced Migration in Canada
Authors: Krishnakumaran Thivisa , Bhatt Meera , Kiriazis Konstantina , Giddings Carla Emily
Published: March 2022

Background. In response to increasing forced migration across the globe, Canadian occupational therapists are returning to the profession's social justice roots by exploring this emergent area of practice. Purpose. This research explores occupational therapy practices with forced migrants in a Canadian context. Method. Grounded in critical epistemologies, the researchers conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with occupational therapists, students, and researchers connected to displacement. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings. Four themes describe current occupational therapy practices related to forced migration: 1) engaging clients in new environments, 2) translating the everyday, 3) connecting and networking, and 4) advocating for occupational justice. Implications. This research contributes to the advancement of occupational therapy and forced migration by documenting the diverse and fluid nature of occupational therapy roles. Further, the paper outlines promising reflexive practices while forwarding advocacy priorities for (occupational) justice.
Middle power South Korea’s disaster response contributions: A case of good international citizenship?
Authors: Lachica Alan A.
Published: March 2022

Middle powers tend to display their expertise in areas where they possess a significant advantage, and this results in the creation of new international norms, especially on non-security issues. Disaster response is one area of international relations where middle powers project their images as good international citizens. This article discusses how middle power South Korea has displayed good international citizenship through its various contributions to global disaster response, such as participation in search and rescue operations, management and coordination of relief operations, and funding for humanitarian emergencies. South Korea’s involvement in disaster response is a middle power behaviour that demonstrates good international citizenship by allocating resources for global public goods. South Korea has utilized disaster response as part of its public diplomacy to promote its identity as a middle power and in seeking recognition as a reliable contributor to international development and stability.
Explaining Antithetical Movements to the Black Lives Matter Movement Based on Relative Deprivation Theory
Authors: Starks Glenn Lee
Published: March 2022

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement has galvanized citizens of all races, ethnicities, genders and ideologies in a common cause to protest racism. Its central focus is protesting continued racism against African Americans, but it has spurred a broader ideological demand for equality for all Americans. The movement does not seek Black dominance, but equal treatment in the justice system and general society. In opposition to this movement are antithetical movements supporting the continuation of the historical dominance of White males in government, private sector leadership roles, and in the general societal hierarchical perspective of superiority and dominance. This opposition is fueled by fear of a country that has evolved into a blend of races and genders embracing the “uniqueness of the other” rather than disdain for the perceived threat from the non-majority. For some, this perceived threat is substantiated through the capitulation of government leaders and radical groups that aggressively recruit members by feeding on fearful perceptions of a country in evolution where Whites are no longer in the majority. The focus of this essay is an exploration of subtle and not so obvious factors contributing to continued antithetical movements combating the ideology of the BLM movement. The “fear” driving these movements are tied to relative deprivation theory, although this article argues these antithetical movements are based on perceived rather than real causes of deprivation and that they are driven by those who seek to take advantage of them.
The Impact of Ideological Ambiguity on Terrorist Organizations
Authors: Olzak Susan
Published: March 2022

Organizations that have a clear and unambiguous focus acquire greater legitimacy, which raises their capacity for mobilization. Using data on terrorist organizations, this paper explores two empirical implications of this claim: A terrorist organization’s survival and lethality will be threatened to the extent that it has an ambiguous ideological identity. Analyses using panel data from the Extended Data on Terrorist Groups (EDTG) test these arguments for 474 global terrorist organizations observed over 1970–2016. The key empirical predictions are that ambiguity inhibits lethality and curtails survival. This paper finds support for these claims, controlling for competition from rivals and allies, ethno-nationalist or Islamic ideological orientation, and a variety of other measures of organizational capacity.
How We Disenfranchise Grief for Self and Other: An Empirical Study
Authors: Cesur-Soysal Gizem , Arı Ela
Published: March 2022

Disenfranchised grief can be defined as a loss that is not openly acknowledged or a mourning process not recognized socially after a loss. One can also self-disenfranchise as suppressing and not allowing oneself to grieve. The current study aims to examine perceived disenfranchisement, self-disenfranchisement and disenfranchisement of others. For this purpose, three hypothetical unacknowledged loss scenarios, which are pet loss, a romantic relationship break-up and having a psychological disorder, were used to compare self and other disenfranchisement as well as to reveal the relationships to attachment and social support. The findings indicate that the three loss scenarios differ in terms of the acknowledgement of loss, grief and social and professional support for self and others. Subsequently, attachment and social support are significantly related to the evaluations of the disenfranchised grief process. Finally, the implications of the findings are discussed.
Valuation ruptures: Breaking and remaking notions of ‘good’ in a US government agency
Authors: Macatangay Ana Carolina , Roscoe Philip
Published: March 2022

The flourishing literature of valuation studies has shown how values are enacted and temporarily settled through sociomaterial processes, highlighting the contestations and dissonances inherent in valuing. We extend this concern through a study of a sudden collapse and reconstruction of value – what counts as good – in a US government agency. Using ethnographic case study methods, we explore how the US Child Support Enforcement Program’s performance measures breached a state agency’s operational framework and disrupted its understanding of good performance. Following the traces left behind by the measures, we demonstrate how actors and devices formed new networks of value, transforming the agency from one of the worst to one of the most outstanding performers in the nation. At the same time, new and unexpected notions of ‘good’ emerge. We transpose the notion of rupture from micro-sociological theory to show the collective efforts involved in making a sudden disruption and realignment of values.
Feminised concern or feminist care? Reclaiming gender normativities in zero waste living
Authors: Wilde Mandy de , Parry Sarah
Published: March 2022

Growing awareness of environmental issues and their relation to consumption patterns has given rise to calls for sustainable consumption across the globe. In this article, we focus on the zero waste lifestyle movement, which targets high-consumption households in the Global North as a site of change for phasing out waste in global supply chains. Our article is concerned with asking how gender and household sustainability are mutually constituted in the zero waste lifestyle movement. We establish an analytical tension between understanding zero waste living as a further intensification of feminised responsibility for people and the planet and as offering potential for transformational change – as feminised concern or feminist care. Through qualitative content analysis of the 10 most influential zero waste blogs globally, we show how the five zero waste rules of conduct – refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, and rot – guide consumers towards everyday and situated engagements with waste. Organised by three cross-cutting themes – communing with nature, organising time, and spending money – we present the normativities these rules call into being for reconfiguring domestic activities such as cooking, cleaning, and grocery shopping. In the discussion, we draw out the implications of zero waste living’s emerging, contradictory gender normativities, while recalling the political economy in which it is situated, namely a neoliberal, postfeminist landscape. We identify a continued feminisation of domestic responsibilities that is uncontested in zero waste living but also explore the progressive potential of waste-free living to bring collective, naturecultural worlds into being as part of domestic environmental labour.
Introduction: Race science in the Latin world
Authors: Gil-Riaño Sebastián , Walsh Sarah
Published: March 2022

This essay outlines the various analytical frameworks related to the history of race science that contribute to a “Latin” intellectual culture and tradition. In addition to defining Latinity as applied to the history of science, this article examines the troubled relationship between Latin American history and histories of science characterized as global. Similarly, it explores intellectual linkages across the Global South regarding racial mixture and the legacy of colonialism. It concludes by considering how a Latin perspective can illuminate the continued hegemony of ideas and scientific practices originating in North America and northern Europe.
When Is Less More? Boundary Conditions of Effective Entrepreneurial Bricolage
Authors: Steffens Paul Richard , Baker Ted , Davidsson Per , Senyard Julienne Marie
Published: March 2022

Abstract

While prior research suggests that entrepreneurial bricolage is often useful as a coping mechanism for resource-constrained new ventures, other accounts document detrimental effects of bricolage. As the conditions for effective bricolage have not been systematically examined in prior research, we develop and test theoretical explanations for some important boundary conditions. We propose that while bricolage has a positive influence through a resource replacement mechanism, it may be detrimental through the intertwined “second-best solutions” and “tinkering trap,” which together lead to an accumulation of compromises that may result in a detrimental path dependence. We hypothesize that the intensity of these counteracting mechanisms differs depending on the venture's stage of development (nascent vs. operational) and its level of growth expectations. In essence, we argue that ventures expecting to achieve more derive greater benefit from resource replacement. In addition, they are more likely to resist an accumulation of compromises. We test our hypotheses using a longitudinal study of early-stage ventures. Although the results mostly support our theory, they also point to one interesting surprise for which we extend our theorizing to propose an explanation. Counter to the prevailing view in the literature, we find that bricolage is particularly effective for developing competitiveness for early-stage ventures striving to develop and grow. Complementing this, our results suggest the net effects of bricolage may actually be detrimental to the competitiveness of operational ventures that are not actively trying to grow.
Localization and mainstream emergence of hip-hop music in China: a critical transculturalism perspective
Authors: Lin Zhi , Zhao Yupei
Published: March 2022

Hip-hop culture has evolved into a global phenomenon, attracting extensive academic research on its adaptation and localization in different societies. However, most studies have either neglected the influence of political economic power on hybridization or have overestimated the rationality of the artists in hip-hop culture. This study adopted critical transculturalism theory to shed light on the agency and power relations involved in the localization and mainstream emergence of Chinese hip-hop music from both longitudinal and comparative perspectives. The findings, which are based on qualitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis of news articles published in the three golden years (2008, 2010, and 2017) of the development of Chinese hip-hop music, suggest that whereas cultural and political factors were influential on both the localization and mainstream emergence processes, economic factors played a greater role in mainstream emergence. The enhancement of literacy in professional knowledge aroused public interest, and the use of symbolic hybridity created a role model for underground rappers and attracted social attention. Both these factors helped Chinese hip-hop music enter the mainstream industry. The idea of symbolic hybridity proposed in this study, which provides a mesolevel perspective, is worth further research.
Affectionate touch in satisfying and dissatisfying romantic relationships
Authors: Jakubiak Brett K
Published: March 2022

Past research has shown consistent benefits associated with and resulting from affectionate touch, though past research is based almost exclusively on highly satisfied and otherwise non-representative samples. The current research used two nationally representative samples to test correlates (Study 1) and anticipated consequences (Study 2) of affectionate touch in romantic relationships. In Study 1, greater kissing frequency was associated with greater individual well-being, and these links were especially pronounced in the most satisfying relationships. In Study 2, participants who were randomly assigned to imagine receiving affectionate touch from their spouse anticipated greater individual well-being (less stress and greater life satisfaction) and relational benefits (greater perceived partner affection, state security, cognitive interdependence, and relationship quality). These benefits were stronger among people with moderate or high relationship satisfaction but observed even for the subset of individuals (approximately one-third of the sample) who rated their relationships as “distressed.” Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation experience in a community level I trauma center
Authors: Neubauer Steven , DelloStritto Daniel J , Capal Nicholas , Hotrum Andrew , Henn Lucas , Marchand Tiffany
Published: March 2022

Background

There is limited literature of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in a community, non-university, setting in the trauma population.

Methods

We reviewed our cases over 2 years from March 2018 to March 2020. This study was conducted in a community hospital with a General Surgery residency with no direct affiliation to a medical school. Primary outcome reviewed was survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes included duration of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) support, blood transfusion requirement, complications, and disposition.

Results

Five patients were cannulated during this time period. All patients survived to discharge. Mean time on ECMO was 153.4 h or 6.4 days (range 60–216 h). All patients required a transfusion while cannulated, with a mean of 10 units PRBC transfused (range 3–24). One patient required CPR, one required cessation of heparin drip for bleeding, and one had clinical signs of a stroke. Three patients were discharged to long-term acute care facilities and the other two to acute rehab.

Conclusions

Community level I trauma centers are capable of handling trauma patients requiring ECMO. It does require a multi-disciplinary team of surgical intensivists and cardiothoracic surgeons along with the support of nursing, respiratory therapists, and perfusionists. The outcomes in this limited series show that ECMO can be a tool utilized in the community setting.
A six-year study of complications related to peripherally inserted central catheters: A multi-center retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Wan Rong , Gu Lilei , Yin Bi , Cai Shengwei , Zhou Rengui , Yang Weilin
Published: March 2022

Objective

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), the most frequent central venous catheter, are used to provide medical treatments, although long-term PICC-related adverse outcomes are unknown in China. This study systematically investigated PICC-related complications in four Chinese hospitals.

Methods

Between January 2014 and January 2020, we analyzed the results of 3550 patients with PICC who were referred to four Chinese hospitals. All patients underwent PICC treatment in four Chinese hospitals. Patient-reported signs and symptoms of a putative PICC-related complication or functional were studied. Long-term outcomes and hospitalization costs were also evaluated.

Results

An aggregate of 3285 patients were enrolled in the analytic cohort. 58.6% were females and 41.4% were males. The most common reasons for PICC placement included oncologic malignancy and critically ill patients. The majority of PICCs had valved systems (90.7%) and were implanted in the right side (85.5%) and into the basilic vein (87.7%). At least one potential PICC-related problem or adverse effects (AEs) was reported by 67.3% of patients. Central line-associated bloodstream infection (28.1%) and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (20.7%) were the most common complications. The majority of PICCs were removed for causes other than AEs, with just 723 reported AEs accounting for 22.0% of all PICC removals. The most reasons for PICCs removal were occlusion (425, 12.9%) and exit‐site infections (189, 5.8%).

Conclusions

This study is the first retrospective study in our country to explore PICC-related complications. While living with a PICC, more than 67.3% of patients report signs and symptoms of at least one PICC-related problem or adverse impacts, such as difficulties with PICC use and poor effects on physical and social function. In this group, PICCs are safe and effective, although the danger of PICC-related problems should not be disregarded.
State Capitalism and Spanish port development along the Maritime Silk Road
Authors: Jensen Federico
Published: March 2022

With the rise of ‘new’ state capitalisms, control over transport infrastructure has returned to the forefront of competition in the global economy. This article investigates how different state capitalisms interact to enable economic developments in ports. It tracks the relationship between state-owned firms in the shipping and ports sectors through a case study of the port of Valencia in Spain and COSCO shipping group. The article identifies state capitalisms as variegated and relational to analyze the ways in which qualitatively different state capitalist dynamics interact at different scales. The article identifies two state capitalist dynamics which have been dominant in determining relations between Spanish and Chinese state capitalisms: 1) A commercial dynamic of maximizing Spanish ports profits by establishing new relationships with Chinese firms; and 2) an expansionary dynamic of increasing market share of Chinese state-owned firms in European shipping markets. These two dynamics are synergistic and have contributed to the competitiveness of Spanish ports and Chinese shipping firms by providing new capital to the port of Valencia and expanding the port's profile as a hub in the eastern Mediterranean, while also further solidifying COSCO's position in European shipping markets and its internalization and vertical integration strategy.
Headache characteristics and postoperative course in Chiari I malformation
Authors: Thunstedt Dennis C , Schmutzer Michael , Fabritius Matthias P , Thorsteinsdottir Jun , Kunz Mathias , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Straube Andreas
Published: March 2022

Background

Chiari I malformation typically presents with cough headache. However, migraine-like or tension-type-like headaches may also occur. There are limited publications on Chiari I malformation-associated headache semiologies and the effect of foramen magnum decompression on different headache types.

Methods

A retrospective analysis complemented by structured phone interviews was performed on 65 patients with Chiari I malformation, treated at our hospital between 2010 and 2021. Headache semiology (according to ICHD-3), frequency, intensity, and radiological characteristics were evaluated pre- and postoperatively.

Results

We included 65 patients. 38 patients were female and 27 male. Mean age was 43.9 ± 15.7 years. Headache was predominant in 41 patients (63.0%). Twenty-one patients had cough headache and 20 had atypical headache (12 migrainous, eight tension-type headache-like). Thirty-five patients with headache underwent surgery. Frequency, intensity, and analgesic use was significantly reduced in cough headache ( p < 0.001). Atypical headaches improved less ( p = 0.004 to 0.176). Exploratory analysis suggested that larger preoperative tonsillar descent correlated with larger postoperative headache intensity relief ( p = 0.025).

Conclusion

Decompression was effective in Chiari I malformation-related cough headache. Atypical headache responded less well, and the causal relation with Chiari I malformation remains uncertain. For atypical headache, decompression should only be considered after failed appropriate preventive therapy and within an interdisciplinary approach involving a neurologist.
Impact of Secondary Task Immersion Duration on Take-Over Process of Conditional (L3) Automated Vehicles in an Off-Ramp Area
Authors: Li Haijian , Zhang Junjie , Liu Zhonghua , Gong Jianguo , Zhao Xiaohua
Published: March 2022

Exploring the influence of secondary task immersion duration on the take-over process is an important task in the research on conditional automated driving (SAE, L3). In this paper, with the tool of driving simulation, two different secondary task types and take-over request (TOR) times were designed for the ramp area take-over scenario. Forty-two participants were recruited to conduct driving simulation experiments. Based on the K-means algorithm, different immersion durations of secondary tasks were clustered. Three driving indicators, namely speed, lateral offset, and accelerator pedal depth, were selected to characterize the take-over performance. Then the influence of immersion duration on the take-over response time and take-over performance was analyzed. The effect of different immersion durations on the section traffic operation during the take-over process was then investigated with the help of VISSIM software. The results showed that the TOR time had no significant effect on the take-over response time, and the take-over response time was positively correlated with the immersion duration. At the beginning of the take-over process, the take-over performance of drivers between different immersion durations was different, for example, the average speed of the vehicle is lower when the immersion duration is low. In the take-over process, the driver’s take-over speed and accelerator pedal operation intensity are negatively correlated with take-over urgency. The immersion duration of secondary tasks has different degrees of influence on the efficiency of section traffic flow. With the improvement of immersion duration level, the average vehicle delay on the road section also increases to a certain extent.
Introduction: The Politics of Family Secrecy
Authors: Vallgårda Karen
Published: March 2022

Histories of family secrecy are often emotionally, morally, and politically ambivalent. They entail fear, shame, pain, and repression, but they also often involve solicitude, tenderness, and degrees of tolerance. This special issue takes secrecy practices as a lens through which to examine the emotionally charged micropolitics of the family and its intertwinements with macropolitical currents, institutional practices, economic patterns, and wider social norms. The present introduction reflects on the key concepts of secrecy and family. In addition, it places the different contributions of the issue in a wider context by outlining some of the main questions and problems related to the historical study of family secrets in dialog with existing literature on the subject.
Accuracy of Computer Navigation–Assisted Arthroscopic Osteochondroplasty for Cam-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement Using the Model-to-Image Registration Method
Authors: Abe Koki , Oba Masatoshi , Kobayashi Naomi , Higashihira Shota , Choe Hyonmin , Tezuka Taro , Ike Hiroyuki , Inaba Yutaka
Published: March 2022

Background:

Precise osteochondroplasty is important in arthroscopic hip surgery for cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Although computer-assisted surgery with a navigation system may enhance the accuracy of arthroscopic osteochondroplasty, few clinical studies have assessed its accuracy.

Purpose:

To evaluate the accuracy of arthroscopic osteochondroplasty by a computed tomography (CT)–based navigation system for cam-type FAI, using 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction with more detail compared with previous methods.

Study design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Twenty patients (14 men and 6 women) who underwent navigation-assisted arthroscopic surgery for cam-type FAI were included. The preoperative 3D model of the femur was constructed from each patient’s CT data, and a planned model with virtual cam resection was generated. A femoral model was reconstructed from CT data postoperatively. The 3 models for each patient were overlaid using a 3D model registration method. Then, the contours of the bone resection area of each model were compared by measuring them. To measure the deviation between planned and actual bone resections, 4 cross-sectional images of the 3 femoral models were set at one-quarter intervals from the femoral head radius. All measurements were based on clockface lines set around the femoral neck axis at 30-minute intervals. Differences between the planned and postoperative contour lines were deemed resection deviations.

Results:

All cam resections were performed in the anterior half of the region of interest. Therefore, only the anterior half (48 points) of the 96 points per case were analyzed. In 876 (91.3%) points of the total measurement points (960 points/20 cases), the error in resection depth was within 3 mm. Overresection was observed at 35 (3.6%) points and underresection at 49 (5.1%) points. The observed maximum deviations from the planned models were 6.3 mm overresection and –7.1 mm underresection. The alpha angles of the postoperative model at the posterior 9- to 3-o’clock position were <55° in all patients.

Conclusion:

Navigation-assisted arthroscopic osteochondroplasty showed favorable accuracy. Underresection was more frequent than overresection on the anterosuperior side of the femur, despite assistance of the navigation system.
The cooperative effect of short-cut carbon fiber and carbon black on the performance of electric-driven morphing skins
Authors: Ren Xiaoming , Zhu Guangming
Published: March 2022

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) with variable stiffness properties become the most promising candidate materials for morphing skins. Due to the influence of external environment, electric-driven composite skin is becoming the trend of development. In this paper, rubber toughed hydro-epoxy morphing skins filled with conductive carbon black (CB) and short-cut carbon fiber (SCF) were prepared. The total mass fraction of CB and SCF was fixed at 2.6 wt %. By adjusting the content ratio of CB and SCF (CB/SCF), the in-plane mechanical property, fracture morphology, thermal-mechanical behavior, electronic resistivity, and out-of-plane shape memory behavior of five types of skin were investigated. These results showed that the addition of CB and SCF had a synergistic effect on skin performance. When CB/SCF was 5:5, the composite skin had the highest tensile strength and the lowest glass transition temperature (Tg). In the thermo-active shape memory test, the composite skin presented good shape fixity rate (Rf) and shape recovery rate (Rr). Due to the bridging effect of SCFs on CB particles, the composite skin with CB/SCF ratio of 5:5 has the minimum resistivity and can return to its initial shape within 29 s at 60 V.
In Pursuit of the Quadruple Aim: A Geriatric Prescribing Context’s Impact on Clinician Workflows and Alert Fatigue
Authors: Drago Kathleen , De Lima Bryanna , Sharpe Jackie , Eckstrom Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

The impact of a novel Geriatric Prescribing Context (GPC) on hospital clinicians’ prescribing workflows is still unknown. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 346 inpatient pharmacists, physicians, and advance practice providers employed at three pilot site hospitals affected by the GPC to assess awareness and impact to usual workflow. The GPC, a set of medication default doses and frequencies for patients 75 years and older, was unnoticed by 74% of survey respondents ( n = 119) with pharmacists more likely to be aware of the context than prescribers. The impact of the GPC on clinicians’ workflow differed by setting, with academic respondents reporting no change or decreased time to write or verify orders, and community respondents reporting no change or increased time to write or verify orders. The GPC has smoothly integrated into usual prescribing workflows for both prescribers and pharmacists and both overall reported positive responses to the implementation.
Whistleblowing in the Public Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kang Minsung Michael
Published: March 2022

Public administration scholars have provided a variety of theoretical insights to understand bureaucratic whistleblowing, and have emphasized its ethical, legal, and practical rationales in the context of democratic bureaucracy. To enhance our understanding of this principled dissent behavior in the public sector, this study systematically reviews 71 whistleblowing articles and dissertations that address three aspects in the literature: (1) definitions and theories; (2) methods and data, and (3) factors associated with whistleblowing intention and behavior. The findings show public administration whistleblowing research typically uses Near and Miceli’s definition, grounded on psychology, ethics, and human resource management (HRM) theories. Methodologically, there is a notable recent trend in the growth of empirical research using survey data, and equal attention has been paid to both whistleblowing intention and behavior variables. Based on the review findings, the study discusses two issues—definitional and theoretical—and presents four research agendas for future bureaucratic whistleblowing scholarship.
Following the icy thing: When natural ice was a commodity
Authors: Atkinson David
Published: March 2022

This article explores how a focus on commodities, and associated ‘follow-the-thing’ methodologies, might help nuance and deepen traditional historical narratives of the natural-ice trade between Norway and Britain in the 1850–1920 period. The article outlines these approaches and their potential to prompt richer understandings of the broader social impacts of the extraction or production of commodities, and their sale and consumption. This approach suggests that a more extensive, encompassing engagement with commodity flows and their wider social and cultural imprint could allow a clearer sense of how commodities helped to constitute the modern world. In turn, more fine-grained appreciations can be generated of the entwined historical processes and social impacts that shaped the rise and fall of natural ice as a commodity.
Sepsis, Septic Shock, and Differences in Cardiovascular Event Occurrence
Authors: Falk Grace E. , Rogers Jerad , Lu Liuqiang , Ablah Elizabeth , Okut Hayrettin , Vindhyal Mohinder R.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Mortality estimates from sepsis and septic shock ranged from 18% to 35% and 40% to 60%, respectively, prior to 2014. Sepsis patients who experience subsequent cardiovascular events have increased mortality; however, data are limited among septic shock patients. This study reports in-hospital mortality, incident cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular procedures among sepsis patients with and without subsequent septic shock. Methods: Patients with a primary diagnosis of sepsis with and without a secondary diagnosis of septic shock were identified from the 2016 and 2017 National Readmissions Database. These patients were then evaluated for the occurrence of cardiovascular events and procedures. Results: A total of 2,127,137 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 66 years. Twenty percent of patients (n = 420,135) developed subsequent septic shock. In-hospital mortality among patients with a primary diagnosis of sepsis was 5.3%, and it was 31.2% for those with subsequent septic shock. Notable cardiovascular events occurring among sepsis patients with and without subsequent septic shock, respectively, included: acute kidney injury (65.1% vs. 32.8%, P < .0001), acute systolic heart failure (9.8% vs. 5.1%, P < .0001), NSTEMI (8.8% vs. 3.2%, P < .0001), and ischemic stroke (2.3% vs. 0.9%, P < .0001). Similarly, the most common cardiovascular procedures between the two groups were: percutaneous coronary intervention (0.37% vs. 0.20%, P < .0001), intra-aortic balloon pump (0.19% vs. 0.02%, P < .0001), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (0.18% vs. 0.01%, P < .0001). Conclusions: Sepsis with subsequent septic shock is associated with an increased frequency of in-hospital cardiovascular events and procedures.
Examining the Impact of the Obama and Trump Candidacies on Right-Wing Domestic Terrorism in the United States: A Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Fortunato Olivia , Dierenfeldt Rick , Basham Sherah , McGuffee Karen
Published: March 2022

Recent literature has described a rise in the activity of right-wing extremists in the United States. Several studies have examined this phenomenon in relation to the actions of President Trump. Comparatively, little research has examined the impact of the Obama presidency on right-wing extremism despite a peak in the number of right-wing extremist groups during his second term. Using a power-threat framework, this study examines the unique effects of the presidential candidacies and elections of Obama and Trump on the frequency of attacks committed by right-wing extremists in the U.S. as documented in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling is applied to monthly counts ( n = 151) of 141 domestic terrorist attacks committed by right-wing extremists that occurred in the U.S. between June 3, 2006, and December 31, 2018. Consistent with the political threat hypothesis, our findings indicate that the re-election of President Obama was associated with a gradual, permanent increase in the frequency of attacks by right-wing extremists. Yet, none of the intervention components associated with his first candidacy or election were associated with statistically significant changes in right-wing terrorist attacks. In contrast, and in accordance with the emboldenment hypothesis, all intervention components associated with the candidacy and election of Donald Trump predicted permanent increases in the frequency of attacks—and most were abrupt in nature. In view of these findings, political leaders on the left and right must anticipate the ability of their rhetoric and behavior to both alienate and embolden extremist groups and individuals, particularly within the far-right. As our findings demonstrate, failure to do so risks contributing to increased activity among far-right extremists as a product of either political threat or emboldenment.
Child Maltreatment and Psychiatric Disorders Increase Risk for Stalking Victimization
Authors: Bonagura Alexandra Grace , Widom Cathy Spatz
Published: March 2022

Stalking is a serious public health problem, estimated to affect about 15% of women and 6% of men. Victims of stalking have been reported to be at increased risk for psychological distress, depression, lowered social and daily functioning, and other forms of victimization. The present study sought to determine whether individuals with documented histories of childhood maltreatment and those with psychiatric disorders are at increased risk for stalking victimization. Participants included maltreated children and matched controls ( N = 892) from a Midwestern, metropolitan area who were followed up into adulthood. Psychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and substance use disorders) were assessed at mean age 29 and borderline personality disorder at age 39. Participants reported lifetime stalking using the Lifetime Trauma and Victimization History instrument and based on a separate measure, past year intimate partner stalking victimization. Analyses controlled for sex, race, and age. Depression, PTSD, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders were associated with increased lifetime risk for stalking victimization. Childhood maltreatment, neglect, and psychiatric disorders (substance use, PTSD, antisocial personality, and borderline personality) predicted increased risk for past year stalking victimization. Findings indicated sex differences in lifetime risk of stalking victimization and race differences in past-year stalking victimization. Although the results reveal relationships among child maltreatment, psychiatric disorders, and stalking victimization, the impact of childhood maltreatment is most salient in terms of past year intimate partner stalking victimization, and particularly for individuals with histories of neglect. Future research is needed to better understand these race and sex differences in stalking victimization.