bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formación inicial docente en igualdad de género, evidencias desde los programas de estudio
Authors: Aravena Ramirez Lorenzo , Belmar Mellado Marta
Published: April 2019

La incorporación de la igualdad de género en los planes de estudio de la formación de los futuros profesores es una estrategia que buscar desarrollar en ellos una visión positiva hacia este tema, para que así al momento de egresar y desarrollar sus clases, lo expresen frente a sus estudiantes y al seleccionar sus actividades de aprendizaje. Por eso se ha querido indagar en los programas de formación de la Carrera de Pedagogía en Educación General Básica con mención, impartida por la Universidad Católica del Maule, en Chile. Esta institución plantea que forma a sus profesionales bajo un modelo basado en tres tipos de competencias: Generales, Profesionales y Disciplinares, por lo tanto, el itinerario formativo de esta carrera está enfocado a desarrollar las competencias, a través de sus 56 programas de estudio. La metodología utilizaba se sustenta en un paradigma interpretativo, con enfoque epistemológico cualitativo y, la técnica de recolección de la información fue a través del análisis documental. Se realizó la búsqueda que 21 conceptos relacionados con la igualdad de género, utilizando para ello el software NVivo v. 12, en cada uno de los programas que tributan a cada una de las competencias de formación declaradas. Los resultados muestran una baja presencia de los conceptos relacionados con igualdad de género y a su vez evidencian una diferencia entre la presencia del concepto de mujer y hombre, ya que este último predomina más veces que el concepto de mujer.
Presencia de contenidos de género en carreras de grado: el caso de la Universidad Nacional de San Jua
Authors: Benavidez Andrea , Gili Diez Valeria , Galoviche Victoria , García Mavrich Paula , Guerra Mariana , Barboza Pirán Franco , Soler Ivana , Matta Juan , Videla Hernán , Bazán Gabriela
Published: April 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar cuenta del análisis realizado sobre la presencia de contenido de género en las diferentes carreras y asignaturas de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Argentina en el período 2017 – 2018. Se indaga en el conjunto de motivadores para el abordaje de temáticas de género, su relación con los contenidos en las asignaturas y la recepción por parte de los/las estudiantes. Este relevamiento representa un insumo que permite problematizar, reﬂexionar sobre el rol de la Educación Superior y el tratamiento de temáticas de género en las aulas. La investigación surgió de la significatividad social que impone en la agenda pública el abordaje de la problemática de género en todos los ámbitos. La metodología utilizada es principalmente cualitativa, los datos han sido obtenidos por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan que imparten contenido de género en sus asignaturas. En este caso, ante la incipiente presencia que muestran las producciones académicas sobre la relación entre educación superior y género en la Universidad Nacional de San Juan, la incursión en el campo constituyó un verdadero desafío. Entre los hallazgos realizados, se considera el papel transformador que define a la universidad pública en el siglo XXI. Asimismo, se asume el enfoque crítico hacia los factores que tradicionalmente han configurado las matrices patriarcales presente en la cultura, como los modos de producir y reproducir conocimientos. Se aporta, desde la labor de investigación, un ámbito fecundo para la reﬂexión de teoría feminista con perspectiva transversal.
Igualdad de oportunidades en documentaciones académicas del área de ingenierías : discurso y concreciones
Authors: Peralta de Aguayo Estela Mary
Published: April 2019

Se presenta el análisis documental y discursivo, de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, de la inserción de la perspectiva de género, especialmente, de la igualdad de oportunidades en las documentaciones de una universidad y los contenidos de los programas de estudio de dos carreras del área de ingenierías. Los resultados de la indagación revelan que los discursos sobre la igualdad de oportunidades son efectuados mediante actos de habla compromisorios y que se ajustan a las normativas nacionales. No obstante, no llegan a incorporarse plenamente en los programas de estudio. De los más de cien programas examinados que conforman el plan curricular de ambas carreras, menos del 5 % tratan la problemática, por tanto, la distancia entre lo dicho y lo hecho sobre la igualdad de oportunidades queda patentada en este primer acercamiento.
Microdesigualdades en la Convivencia Intergénero en Escenarios Académicos, ciencias sociales, educación
Authors: Vélez De La Calle Claudia , Aragón Ana María
Published: April 2019

Este escrito tiene como finalidad presentar las narrativas de algunas docentes investigadoras sobre sus experiencias situadas en los escenarios académicos de los posgrados en Ciencias Sociales y en Educación, intentando significar la categoría de micro-desigualdades en la convivencia inter-género, la cuales develaron los contenidos de violencia simbólica discriminatoria que persisten en la extensión del comportamiento patriarcal de la vida social a los escenarios de la educación superior La investigación realizada fue de dimensión cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico crítico, y aplicó el tipo de estudio de las narrativas y los relatos de experiencias como perspectiva de interpretación y comprensión. Los resultados dan a conocer que existen formas de cooptación de las tensiones y los debates actuales, tal y como se presenta la violencia simbólica en la convivencia inter-géneros en las universidades, especialmente en la esfera de la vida docente. Se pretende fortalecer las acciones desde una perspectiva de justicia de reconocimiento para la igualdad entre géneros en el aspecto relacional, que visibilice las inequidades producto del androcentrismo en la educación superior.
Lucio’s phenomenon: A report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Lemus-Barrios Gustavo Alexis , Hoyos-Pulgarín Julian Andrés , Jimenez-Canizales Carlos Eduardo , Hidalgo-Zambrano Diana Melisa , Escobar-Montealegre Fredy , Mondragon-Cardona Alvaro , Medina-Morales Diego Alejandro
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic, multisystemic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Lucio’s phenomenon is an uncommon reaction consisting of a severe chronic necrotizing vasculitis. The purpose of this article is to present two cases of Lucio’s phenomenon and a review of the literature on its clinical presentation and management.Case Presentation: Two middle-aged men presented with ulcers and ecchymosis in lower extremities, with simultaneous peripheral nerve damage and leonine facies. Both were treated according to World Health Organization recommendations, with a favorable clinical response.Discussion: The clinical characteristics presented in this article make part of the classical description. A proper history and physical examination allowed for a correct diagnostic approach and prompt confirmation of diagnosis, despite the unspecific nature of these signs and symptoms.Conclusions: Leprosy and Lucio’s phenomenon are infrequent conditions that are difficult to diagnose. We suspect this condition to be under-registered. Awareness and a high clinical suspicion are necessary in endemic regions.
Ceramic and Glass Fibre Reinforced Flexible Composites for Particulate Filter Walls – A Novel Approach
Authors: Prabu Krishnaa , Srinivasan J. , Prakash C.
Published: April 2019

Flexible composites from high performance fibres were developed and targeted to replace the wall of existing rigid ceramic Particulate Filters. The composites are made from E Glass fibre webs of different density in the middle, with standard SiC Ceramic fibres webs in in the outer layers, forming a sandwich structure. Different needling densities were applied to form nonwoven composites, and they were stitched diagonally on the surface at specified intervals with continuous glass fibre filament yarn. In total, nine novel flexible composites were developed and evaluated for their structural, surface, mechanical and thermal properties. Based on the results and statistical analysis, the B2 sample is considered to be taken for further research to develop Particulate Matter (PM) filters.
Use of Industry 4.0 and Organisational Innovation Concepts in the Serbian Textile and Apparel Industry
Authors: Lalic Bojan , Rakic Slavko , Marjanovic Ugljesa
Published: April 2019

Technological and non-technological innovations represent one of the most important and sustainable sources of competitive advantages for businesses. Industry 4.0, a new fundamental paradigm shift in industrial production and organisational innovation, as new management practices, are important issues for companies as they seek to upgrade their productivity, improve the quality of supply and retain competitiveness. Analysis of technological and non-technological innovations of the textile and apparel industry in Serbia became particularly important in the situation where the Serbian transitional economy opted to alter its growth model. This paper analyses the results of the European Manufacturing Survey conducted in manufacturing industries in a transitional economy – the Republic of Serbia. The current Serbian dataset of 2015 includes 280 observations of Serbian firms of all manufacturing industries. The empirical results indicate that textile and apparel manufacturing companies in Serbia utilise industry 4.0 and organisational innovation concepts on a very low level.
On the necessity of activities of Public Relations in social work
Authors: Dzienniak-Paulina Daniela
Published: April 2019

In the article, the author undertakes to point out the most problematic places in the functioning of social assis-tance institutions in relation to the image they create. He indicates the need to introduce thinking and changes in the field of Public Relations activities that could help social welfare institutions strengthen their image, better cope with crisis situations. The author shows why such issues as internal communication, visual identification, responsibility for image or cooperation with local institutions and the local community can be a way to better functioning and more effective and more satisfying work.
Constraints on the Timing of Continental Rifting and Oceanic Spreading for the Mesozoic Gulf of Mexico Basin
Authors: Pascoe Rob , Nuttall Peter , Dunbar David , Bird Dale
Published: April 2019

The Mesozoic Gulf of Mexico Basin is considered in this discussion as the set of contiguous, Triassic and Jurassic sub-basins directly involved in the counterclockwise rotation of the Yucatan Block from North America in the Late Jurassic. The rifting and seafloor spreading history of the basin is less well understood than analogous salt basins of the Atlantic margins, largely because the base salt surface is significantly deeper and has hereto widely been considered acoustic basement.

In 2012, 17,000 km of 2D PSDM reflection seismic data (SuperCache) were acquired across the deep water of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The unique acquisition configuration of long-offset, powerful source, and deep-tow of both source and receivers was designed to optimize the imaging of the presalt architecture of the basin to a depth of 40 km. On these seismic data, the base of the salt and its correlative unconformity, continental and oceanic basement, and the Moho are evident. In combination with vintage, reflection seismic data, shipboard and regional gravity data, and regional refraction profiles, a crustal interpretation has been extended to the greater Gulf of Mexico Basin.

The continental crustal architecture is described in terms of crustal thinning: from low (<30%) to transitional (>70%). Synkinematic sequences are recognized within the Late Triassic to the Middle Oxfordian (~70 my). The final break-up phase occurred within 15 my, ending with a basin-wide open marine transgression and initial emplacement of oceanic crust at 160±1 Ma; continued extension may have occurred in the eastern part of the basin in the latest Jurassic. The basin margins are considered to be intermediate between magmapoor and volcanic end-members. The ocean crust tapers from a maximum width of 700 km in the west, where it is anomalously thin, to anomalously thick as it approaches the pole of rotation in the Straits of Florida. The architecture of extinct spreading valleys and fracture zones is analogous to the modern, slow spreading mid-Atlantic ocean, suggesting that spreading continued until the latest Jurassic (~142 Ma), possibly as late as within the early Cretaceous (~132 Ma).
Triassic-Jurassic Provenance Signatures in the Nascent Eastern Gulf of Mexico Region from Detrital Zircon Geochronology
Authors: Weislogel Amy L. , Wiley Kory S. , Bowman S. , Robinson Delores M.
Published: April 2019

By comparing new detrital zircon provenance analysis of Triassic synrift sediments from the Tallahassee graben (FL), the South Georgia rift basin (GA), and Deep River rift basin (NC) with our previous detrital zircon provenance data for the Jurassic Norphlet Formation erg in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico, we have developed a regional model of Triassic-Jurassic erosion and sediment transport. In the Eastern Gulf of Mexico, detrital zircon ages observed in Triassic synrift clastics from the Tallahassee graben and southern South Georgia rift system contain not only Gondwanan-aged and Grenville-aged zircon grains but also an abundance of Paleozoic detrital zircon grains, reflecting sediment influx from rocks associated with the Paleozoic orogens of eastern Laurentia. Although Paleozoic detrital zircon grains are present in the younger Norphlet deposits, they are less abundant than in Triassic rift sediments. In southwest Alabama, the most abundant detrital zircon age population in the Norphlet Formation is Grenville-aged (950-1,250 Ma). In the Conecuh embayment of southeastern AL and western FL panhandle, Norphlet samples show a marked decrease in Grenville detrital zircon and an increase in 525-680 Ma zircon ages, interpreted to represent influx from rocks associated with the Gondwanan Suwannee terrane. In the Apala-chicola Basin, the proportion of Gondwanan zircon ages increases to nearly 40% of the total population and Grenville-aged grains constitute just ~20% of the population. We suggest that the difference between Triassic and Jurassic detrital zircon signatures in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico reflects significant unroofing of Paleozoic rocks during early Mesozoic rifting of the easternmost Eastern Gulf of Mexico, possibly including rocks equivalent with those exposed in the Talladega slate belt units. Subsequent erosion of rift-flanking highlands to expose older Gondwanan and Grenville rocks and/or input from northern sediment sources supplied the older Grenville-aged detrital zircon grains present in the Norphlet erg in the area to the west and within the Conecuh embayment.
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Self-Study for Pathology: One Institution's Experience and Lessons Learned
Authors: Maniar Kruti P. , Arva Nicoleta , Blanco Luis Z. , Mao Qinwen , Morency Elizabeth G. , Rodriguez Raven , Wolniak Kristy , Yaseen Nabeel R. , Nayar Ritu
Published: April 2019

Context.—

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) established a new system for accreditation of residency and fellowship programs in 2013. One key aspect of the Next Accreditation System is the 10-year self-study, which requires programs to conduct a comprehensive self-evaluation, including development of program aims and analysis of strengths, weaknesses, and environmental context, in order to plan improvements and take the program to the next level.

Objective.—

To provide a review of the recent changes and current state of ACGME accreditation, with a focus on the new 10-year self-study, and to share our institution's experience with conducting the first self-study of our pathology residency and accredited fellowship programs in 2018.

Data Sources.—

Review of English-language literature, published resources from the ACGME, and materials/data from our department's 2018 self-study.

Conclusions.—

The self-study process now required for ACGME accreditation is a useful way to assess program strengths and weaknesses in the context of current environmental and institutional factors, and helps develop an effective framework for improvements geared at achieving program aims and taking the program to the next level. Additionally, conducting residency and fellowship self-studies together allows for collaboration, effective use of shared resources, and the development of a cohesive educational mission.
Inventário de notas para uma formação docente inventiva
Authors: Horn Claudia Inês , Olegário Fabiane
Published: April 2019

O ensaio toma a formação docente em composição com outros elementos, advindos da arte, filosofia, ciência e literatura, gerando fluxos inventivos para a formação nos quais é possível uma docência criadora. Nesse sentido, defende uma educação baseada em processos de recriação do existente e vai ao encontro de uma formação docente que aposta na imagem de um professor capaz de criar enquanto ensina. Toma como aporte teórico os estudos da filosofia da diferença, propostos especialmente por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, cujo interesse é fazer vacilar o pensamento dogmático que considera a educação como campo de saberes supostamente imunes à criação.
Identité liminaire dans 4.48 Psychose de Sarah Kane
Authors: Yaghoubi Aramesh
Published: April 2019

L’article propose une étude de la pièce 4.48 Psychose de Sarah Kane dans une perspective queer. Le texte invente un langage de l’ambivalence : un langage qui transgresse les catégories binaires. Le corps de la comédienne s’installe dans un espace mental et symbolique où plusieurs voix s’enchevêtrent et s’hybrident; cet espace est ambivalent, entre la vie et la mort, entre le sublime et l’obscène. La liminalité ici devient un espace-temps propice à la réappropriation du corps par une écriture qui se substitue à la chair.
Słowa roku w czeskim i polskim dyskursie publicznym (lata 2006–2017)
Authors: Hebal-Jezierska Milena
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the article is to compare the so-called words of the year used in the Czech and Polish public discourse in the years of 2006–2017. The words selected in the Czech contest Words of the Year have a di erent character than their Polish counterparts. It seems that they were chosen mainly to the attractive context in which they were used, which is related to the pro le of people voting for them. An average reader of “Lidové nowiny” newspaper is more often driven by attractiveness of the meaning of the lexeme, context, in which it is used, less often its form, unless it evokes specific associations. A great number of these words are quotes (and neologisms) from politicians, relating to internal a airs. For Polish voters are Polish linguists. They choose words connected to important Polish dispute events.
Modulation of Hormonal, Oxidative Stress and Fatty Acids Profiling in Response to Glutamine and Chromium in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Khan Jehan A.
Published: April 2019

Background: Fatty acids profiling of diabetes may be helpful in early diagnosis and management of diabetic. Chromium is a trace element and important cofactor for many anti-oxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase. Glutamine is semi essential amino acid and reported to improve endothelial function, decrease   blood pressure, and vasodilator. This study investigated fatty acids profiling in diabetic rats and their response to administration of glutamine and chromium.

Methods: Fifty male albino rats were divided into 2 groups as following: GPI (10 rats); Control group. GP II (40 rats) were injected alloxan (75 mg /kg) i.p. for six consecutive days for induction of diabetes. Diabetic rats were divided into four groups: GP II: (Untreated diabetic): GP III: Rats were given orally with L-glutamine (100 mg/kg).GP IV: Rats were given with Chromium chloride (30 µg/ kg) ip. GP IV: Rats were given Glutamine and Chromium. After 6 weeks. Sera were used for the determination of Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdhyde (MDA), total antioxidants, insulin, glucagon, HA1C and fatty acids profile.

Results: Data obtained showed that, diabetic rats treated with glutamine and chromium restore the levels of hormones, HA1C, NO and MDA better than individual treatment (p<0.01) compared with untreated diabetic (p<0.001). A significant elevation of saturated fatty acids in diabetic and reduced unsaturated FA compared with control. Combination treatment reversed this ratio. This may explain increased insulin sensitivity in treated rats compared with untreated.

Conclusion: It was concluded that, Glutamine combined with chromium increased insulin sensitivity and recovery pancreatic efficacy in insulin production. Administration of glutamine or chromium reduced HA1c, the mechanisms involved explored the potential of these compounds in control fatty acids contents and management of diabetic.
Foams of Gray Cast Iron as Efficient Energy Absorption Structures: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Kaya Ali C. , Zaslansky Paul , Rack Alexander , Fischer Sebastian F. , Fleck Claudia
Published: April 2019

Gray cast iron foams, were produced using a reticulated polyurethane by using a modified investment casting process. To evaluate the attributes of the produced micro‐geometries, foam segments and single struts are investigated by light and electron microscopy in 2D, and synchrotron micro‐computed tomography in 3D. Mechanical properties are determined by macro/micro‐mechanical testing and nanoindentation. In the microstructure of the gray cast iron struts, both flake‐like coarse type A and locally fine undercooled type D graphite particles are observed. The distribution of the two graphite types is heterogeneous and is the likely cause for the large scatter of the mechanical properties of the single struts. The high graphite content and the resulting brittle behavior of the struts lead to strong serrations in the stress‐strain curve of the foams with a negative effect on energy absorption. We found a relatively low energy absorption efficiency of below 50% as compared to 75% in 316L austenitic steel struts. The small specimen size results in scale effects which strongly influence the mechanical properties of the foams. Further improvement in the fabrication of gray cast iron foams is needed to tailor graphite distributions and optimize performance of cast iron‐based foams.
Highly Stretchable Supercapacitors via Crumpled Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forests
Authors: Cao Changyong , Zhou Yihao , Ubnoske Stephen , Zang Jianfeng , Cao Yunteng , Henry Philémon , Parker Charles B. , Glass Jeffrey T.
Published: April 2019

Stretchable supercapacitors have received increasing attention due to their broad applications in developing self‐powered stretchable electronics for wearable electronics, epidermal and implantable electronics, and biomedical devices that are capable of sustaining large deformations and conforming to complicated surfaces. In this work, a new type of highly stretchable and reliable supercapacitor is developed based on crumpled vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests transferred onto an elastomer substrate with the assistance of a thermal annealing process in atmosphere environment. The crumpled CNT‐forest electrodes demonstrated good electrochemical performance and stability under either uniaxial (300%) or biaxial strains (300% × 300%) for thousands of stretching–relaxing cycles. The resulting supercapacitors can sustain a stretchability of 800% and possess a specific capacitance of 5 mF cm−2 at the scan rate of 50 mV s−1. Furthermore, the crumpled CNT‐forest electrodes can be easily decorated with impregnated metal oxide nanoparticles to improve the specific capacitance and energy density of the supercapacitors. The approach developed in this work offers an alternative strategy for developing novel stretchable energy devices with vertically aligned nanotubes or nanowires for advanced applications in stretchable, flexible, and wearable electronic systems.
A Diene‐Containing Noncanonical Amino Acid Enables Dual Functionality in Proteins: Rapid Diels–Alder Reaction with Maleimide or Proximity‐Based Dimerization
Authors: St. Amant Andre H. , Huang Fengying , Lin Jia , Rickert Keith , Oganesyan Vaheh , Lemen Daniel , Mao Shenlan , Harper Jay , Marelli Marcello , Wu Herren , Gao Changshou , Read de Alaniz Javier , Christie R. James
Published: April 2019

Here, we describe a diene‐containing noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) capable of undergoing fast and selective normal electron‐demand Diels–Alder (DA) reactions following its incorporation into antibodies. A cyclopentadiene derivative of lysine (CpHK) served as the reactive handle for DA transformations and the substrate for genetic incorporation. CpHK incorporated into antibodies with high efficiency and was available for maleimide conjugation or self‐reaction depending on position in the amino acid sequence. CpHK at position K274 reacted with the maleimide drug‐linker AZ1508 at a rate of ≈79 m−1 s−1 to produce functional antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) in a one‐step process. Incorporation of CpHK at position S239 resulted in dimerization, which covalently linked antibody heavy chains together. The diene ncAA described here is capable of producing therapeutic protein conjugates with clinically validated and widely available maleimide compounds, while also enabling proximity‐based stapling through a DA dimerization reaction.
A Facile Enantioselective Alkynylation of Chromones
Authors: DeRatt Lindsey G. , Pappoppula Mukesh , Aponick Aaron
Published: April 2019

The first catalytic enantioselective alkynylation of chromones is reported. In this process, chromones are silylated to form silyloxybenzopyrylium ions that lead to silyl enol ethers after Cu‐catalyzed alkyne addition using StackPhos as a ligand. The outcome of the reaction is impacted by distal ligand substituents with differing electronic character and it was found that successful reactions could be achieved with different ligand congeners by using different solvents. This sequence enables access to different products by protonation or further functionalization, thus increasing complexity in a divergent manner. The transformation is high yielding over a broad scope to provide a variety of useful chromanones in high enantioselectivity.
A Tunable Trifluoromethyliodonium Reagent
Authors: Liebing Phil , Kalim Jorna , Arefyeva Natalia , Oehler Florian , Wickleder Mathias , Togni Antonio
Published: April 2019

Four complexes of MCl4 (M=Ti, Zr, Hf) with the hypervalent trifluoromethyl iodine reagent trifluoromethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benziodoxole (1,=L) are described. With TiCl4, an I−O bond cleavage occurs, leading to the formation of the trifluoromethyliodonium alcoholate complexes [Ti2Cl6(L)4]Cl2 (2 a) and Ti2Cl8(L) (2 b). Reactions with ZrCl4 and HfCl4 form the complexes ZrCl4(L)2 (3) and HfCl4(L)2 (4), respectively, wherein the original I−O bond is retained and elongated compared to that in free 1. Therefore, the reactivity of 1 can be easily and practically fine‐tuned by addition of different metal chlorides, following the order ZrCl4/HfCl4<TiCl4<2 TiCl4. Complexes 2 a, 3, and 4 are remarkably bench‐stable forms of activated reagent 1, while 2 b is readily accessible in situ. 2 a and 2 b represent the first “real” trifluoromethyliodonium reagents derived from iodanes, that is, with the I−O bond being completely cleaved. The new complexes were shown to be useful for the trifluoromethylation of para‐toluenesulfonate under aprotic conditions.
Reductive C−C Coupling from α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles by Intercepting Keteniminates
Authors: Hale Lillian V. A. , Sikes N. Marianne , Szymczak Nathaniel K.
Published: April 2019

We present an atom‐economic strategy to catalytically generate and intercept nitrile anion equivalents using hydrogen transfer catalysis. Addition of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles to a pincer‐based Ru−H complex affords structurally characterized κ‐N‐coordinated keteniminates by selective 1,4‐hydride transfer. When generated in situ under catalytic hydrogenation conditions, electrophilic addition to the keteniminate was achieved using anhydrides to provide α‐cyanoacetates in high yields. This work represents a new application of hydrogen transfer catalysis using α,β‐unsaturated nitriles for reductive C−C coupling reactions.
Investigation of the effects of natural compounds isolated from Arum rupicola var. rupicola on glutathione reductase enzyme purified from bovine liver
Authors: Kıvanç Mehmet Rıza , Türkoglu Vedat
Published: April 2019

Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C. 1.8.1.7), a flavoenzyme, is responsible for recycling of oxidized glutathione disulfide. This study was performed in two main sections. In the first GR was purified from bovine liver by affinity column chromatography and the purification rate and specific activity of the enzyme were calculated as 1832‐fold and 141 EU/mg protein, respectively. The subunit molecular weight of the enzyme was determined as 55 kDa by means of SDS–PAGE. The second section isolated natural components of Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola using column chromatography. The isolation protocol for this plant was performed with a series of different‐sized columns with hexane–ethyl acetate. According to the thin‐layer chromatography plate, seven substances (R1–R7) were isolated. Our study's aim was to find new activators or inhibitors for GR activity. With this aim, all isolated substances were tested for GR activity. R6 showed competitive inhibition, while R4 had noncompetitive inhibition of GR activity. R1 played a role as an activator of GR activity. The inhibitory activity percentage vs. concentration graph was plotted. Values of IC50 for R4 and R6 were calculated as 0.193 mg/mL and 3.98 μg/mL, respectively, from the equation of this graph.
Epidemiological trends, relative survival, and prognosis risk factors of WHO Grade III gliomas: A population‐based study
Authors: Fang Jun‐Hao , Lin Dong‐Dong , Deng Xiang‐Yang , Li Dan‐Dong , Sheng Han‐Song , Lin Jian , Zhang Nu , Yin Bo
Published: April 2019

Background

Population‐based studies on grade III gliomas are still lacking. The purpose of our study was to investigate epidemiological characteristics, survival, and risk factors of these tumors.

Patients and methods

All data of patients with grade III gliomas were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. This database provides analysis to evaluate age‐adjusted incidence, incidence‐based mortality, and limited‐duration prevalence. The trends of incidence and mortality were modeled using Joinpoint program. Relative survival was also available in this database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to access the prognostic significance of risk factors on cancer‐specific survival. Nomogram was constructed to predict 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival.

Results

Our study showed that during 2000‐2013, the incidence was stable and the mortality rate dropped significantly with APC as −1.95% (95% CI: −3.35% to −0.54%). Patients aged 40‐59 had the highest prevalent cases. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year relative survival rates for all patients were 74.7%, 52.8%, 44.4%, and 32.4%. And it varied by risk factors. Cox regression analysis showed older age, male, black race, divorced status, histology of AA, tumor size <3.5 cm and no surgery were associated with worse survival.

Conclusion

Our study provides reasonable estimates of the incidence, mortality, and prevalence for patients with grade III gliomas during 2000‐2013. The results of relative survival and Cox regression analysis revealed that age, race, sex, year of diagnosis, tumor site, histologic type, tumor size, and surgery were the identifiable prognostic indicators. The effects of radiotherapy still need further study. We integrated these risk factors to construct an effective clinical prediction model.
An integrated analysis reveals the oncogenic function of lncRNA LINC00511 in human ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Jing , Tian Yongju , Zheng Hui , Ding Yan , Wang Xiuli
Published: April 2019

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common female reproductive system malignancies worldwide. Recently, the aberrant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression has been identified in multiple cancers. Emerging evidence has highlighted the critical roles of lncRNAs in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, including ovarian cancer. The objective of this study is to comprehensively analyze lncRNAs expression pattern, and explore their clinical significance and underlying mechanism in human ovarian cancer. In this study, we found hundreds of dysregulated lncRNAs in ovarian cancer by performing genome‐wide analysis using RNA sequencing data from Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, and three microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Moreover, our results revealed that up‐ or down‐regulation of some lncRNAs expression in ovarian cancer is accompanied by their genomic loci copy number amplification or deletion. Importantly, some lncRNAs expression levels are significantly associated with ovarian cancer patients’ poor prognosis. Further experimental validation and mechanistic investigation indicate that LINC00511 exerts oncogenic function in ovarian cancer cells through interacting with EZH2 and repressing P21 expression. Taken together, the findings in the current study may provide a useful resource of novel ovarian cancer associated lncRNAs and potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
Organocatalytic Cyclization of COS and Propargylic Derivatives to Value‐Added Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhang Rui , Mu Sen , Zhang Hui , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: April 2019

The organocatalytic cyclization of propargylic amines/amides with carbonyl sulfide (COS) was firstly achieved by employing COS adducts of Lewis base (LB) as organocatalysts, affording various functionalized 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐ones, and 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones derivatives in a highly chemo‐ and stereoselective manner. The isotope labeling and stoichiometric experiments suggested the LB‐COS adducts preferentially mediated basic ionic pair mechanism. Furthermore, the practical application of this methodology was highlighted by the highly efficient synthesis of rosiglitazone using COS as sulfur source.
Synthesis of MoS2/CdS Heterostructures on Carbon‐Fiber Cloth as Filter‐Membrane‐Shaped Photocatalyst for Purifying the Flowing Wastewater under Visible‐Light Illumination
Authors: Zhang Yan , Luo Li , Shi Zhun , Shen Xiaofeng , Peng Cheng , Liu Jianshe , Chen Zhigang , Chen Quanyuan , Zhang Lisha
Published: April 2019

The development of effective, visible‐light‐drivable and reusable photocatalysts has drawn great attention for purifying the flowing wastewater. Herein, we have designed and prepared MoS2/CdS heterostructures on carbon fiber (CF) cloth as a novel filter‐membrane‐shaped photocatalyst. With CF cloth as the substrate, the growth of MoS2 nanosheets (thickness: ∼20 nm) and CdS nanoparticles (∼5 nm) have been achieved by using a hydrothermal‐chemical bath deposition two‐step route. CF/MoS2/CdS cloth shows a strong and wide photoabsorption accompanied by a small peak with an edge around 700 nm. Under visible‐light irradiation, CF/MoS2/CdS cloth (area: 4×4 cm2) can expeditiously remove 97.3 % rhodamine B, 55.6 % tetracycline hydrochloride and 68.4 % hexavalent chromium after 100 min, and 97.3 % methylene blue after 70 min. In particular, when CF/MoS2/CdS cloth (diameter: ∼10 cm) is used as a filter‐membrane to photocatalytically degrade the flowing wastewater (10 mg L−1 RhB, rate: ∼1 L h−1), 92.6 % RhB can be eliminated in eight grading pools. Therefore, CF/MoS2/CdS cloth has the capacity to be a recyclable photocatalyst with high efficiency for purifying the flowing wastewater.
Effizienter Kombinierer
Authors: Gnädig Christine
Published: April 2019

Der neue TK‐D von Allgaier Process Technology ist ein kombinierter Trommeltrockner/‐kühler nach dem System Mozer. Dieser ermöglicht es, die zuvor getrockneten Feststoffe auf besonders niedrige Temperaturen bis nahe der Umgebungs‐ oder Kühlluft‐Temperatur zu kühlen. Die neue Technik überzeugt durch hohe Energieeffizienz mit Wärmerückgewinnung durch separate Rückführung der Kühlerabluft oder durch Evaporative Cooling, ist aufgrund der einschaligen Bauweise besonders wartungsfreundlich und reduziert damit erheblich die Total Cost of Ownership.
Depressive symptoms in asymptomatic stage B heart failure with Type II diabetic mellitus
Authors: Mills Paul J. , Taub Pam R. , Lunde Ottar , Pung Meredith A. , Wilson Kathleen , Pruitt Christopher , Rutledge Thomas , Maisel Alan , Greenberg Barry H.
Published: April 2019

Background

The presence of concomitant Type II diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and depressive symptoms adversely affects individuals with symptomatic heart failure (HF).

Hypothesis

In presymptomatic stage B HF, this study hypothesized the presence of greater inflammation and depressive symptoms in T2DM as compared to non‐T2DM Stage B patients.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study examined clinical parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and depressive symptoms in 349 T2DM and non‐T2DM men with asymptomatic stage B HF (mean age 66.4 years ±10.1; range 30‐91).

Results

Fewer diabetic HF patients had left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (P < .05) although more had LV diastolic dysfunction (P < .001). A higher percentage of T2DM HF patients were taking ACE‐inhibitors, beta‐blockers, calcium channel blockers, statins, and diuretics (P values < .05). T2DM HF patients had higher circulating levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (P < .01), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (P < .01), and soluble ST2 (sST2) (P < .01) and reported more somatic/affective depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II) (P < .05) but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms (P = .20). Among all patients, in a multiple regression analysis predicting presence of somatic/affective depressive symptoms, sST2 (P = .026), IL‐6 (P = .010), B‐type natriuretic peptide (P = .016), and sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [P < .001]) were significant predictors (overall model F = 15.39, P < .001, adjusted R2 = .207).

Conclusions

Somatic/affective but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms are elevated in asymptomatic HF patients with T2DM patients. Linkages with elevated inflammatory and cardiac relevant biomarkers suggest shared pathophysiological mechanisms among T2DM HF patients with somatic depression, and these conditions are responsive to routine interventions, including behavioral. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between expected engagement and talking therapy outcome
Authors: Harrison Phillippa , Hardy Gillian E. , Barkham Michael
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate whether client‐reported expected engagement with therapy predicted therapy outcome. It was hypothesized that higher expected engagement with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or person‐centred experiential therapy (PCET) would predict more symptomatic improvement following therapy and higher likelihood of therapy completion. The Sheffield Expected Engagement with Therapy Scale was administered to 96 clients at pre‐therapy assessment with all meeting a diagnosis of moderate or severe depression with 53 receiving CBT and 43 receiving PCET. Higher expected engagement predicted more symptomatic improvement in CBT but not PCET. Expected engagement only predicted improvement in CBT when clients rated the credibility of CBT as low or moderate. Expected engagement did not predict therapy completion in either therapy. Assessment of expected engagement could be a useful tool in prediction of symptomatic improvement in CBT.
Transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung carcinoma in the setting of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: Cytological approach of a clinically challenging phenomenon
Authors: El Hussein Siba , Khader Samer N
Published: April 2019

Lung adenocarcinoma transformation into small cell lung carcinoma is a well‐established phenomenon. Several reports and studies have been published, describing the clinical and pathological clues to detect this transformation. This article will discuss the cytological aspect of this entity, highlighting pertinent features, to bring more attention to the existence of this transformation into the cytopathology practice.
Predicting responsiveness to a sustained reading and spelling intervention in children with dyslexia
Authors: Tilanus Elisabeth A.T. , Segers Eliane , Verhoeven Ludo
Published: April 2019

The present study aimed to predict responsiveness to a sustained two‐phase reading and spelling intervention with a focus on declarative and procedural learning respectively in 122 second‐grade Dutch children with dyslexia. We related their responsiveness to intervention to precursor measures (phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming ability, letter knowledge, and verbal working memory) and related word and pseudoword reading and spelling outcomes of the sustained intervention to initial reading and spelling abilities, and first‐phase, initial treatment success. Results showed that children with dyslexia improved in reading accuracy and efficiency and in spelling skills during the two phases of the intervention although the gap with typical readers increased. In reading efficiency, rapid automatized naming, and in reading and spelling accuracy phoneme deletion predicted children's responsiveness to intervention. Additionally, children's initial reading abilities at the start of the intervention directly (and indirectly, via initial treatment success, in reading efficiency) predicted posttest outcomes. Responsiveness to intervention in spelling was predicted by phoneme deletion, and spelling at posttest was indirectly, via initial treatment success, predicted by children's initial spelling abilities. Finally, children's initial treatment success directly predicted reading efficiency and spelling outcomes at posttest.
Rejection of Schmidt et al.'s estimators for bear population size
Authors: Becker Earl , Christ Aaron
Published: April 2019

Aerial distance sampling of bears to estimate population size has been used throughout many parts of Alaska. The distance sampling models are complex since they need to account for undetected bears and differences in detection probabilities. This will require covariates and mark‐recapture data. The models proposed by Schmidt et al. do not use covariates or mark‐recapture data and are inappropriate for these surveys.
Genomic signatures of adaptation to Sahelian and Soudanian climates in sorghum landraces of Senegal
Authors: Faye Jacques M. , Maina Fanna , Hu Zhenbin , Fonceka Daniel , Cisse Ndiaga , Morris Geoffrey P.
Published: April 2019

Uncovering the genomic basis of climate adaptation in traditional crop varieties can provide insight into plant evolution and facilitate breeding for climate resilience. In the African cereal sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. [Moench]), the genomic basis of adaptation to the semiarid Sahelian zone versus the subhumid Soudanian zone is largely unknown. To address this issue, we characterized a large panel of 421 georeferenced sorghum landrace accessions from Senegal and adjacent locations at 213,916 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using genotyping‐by‐sequencing. Seven subpopulations distributed along the north‐south precipitation gradient were identified. Redundancy analysis found that climate variables explained up to 8% of SNP variation, with climate collinear with space explaining most of this variation (6%). Genome scans of nucleotide diversity suggest positive selection on chromosome 2, 4, 5, 7, and 10 in durra sorghums, with successive adaptation during diffusion along the Sahel. Putative selective sweeps were identified, several of which colocalize with stay‐green drought tolerance (Stg) loci, and a priori candidate genes for photoperiodic flowering and inflorescence morphology. Genome‐wide association studies of photoperiod sensitivity and panicle compactness identified 35 and 13 associations that colocalize with a priori candidate genes, respectively. Climate‐associated SNPs colocalize with Stg3a, Stg1, Stg2, and Ma6 and have allelic distribution consistent with adaptation across Sahelian and Soudanian zones. Taken together, the findings suggest an oligogenic basis of adaptation to Sahelian versus Soudanian climates, underpinned by variation in conserved floral regulatory pathways and other systems that are less understood in cereals.
Urban climate change adaptation as social learning: Exploring the process and politics
Authors: Fisher Susannah , Dodman David
Published: April 2019

Responses to climate change that build on adaptive natural resource management conceptualise social learning processes as having the potential to form a key component of climate adaptation. Social learning processes represent a way of managing the inherent uncertainties and interconnectedness of adaptation issues through ongoing learning, iterative reflection, and change of responses over time. Although the theoretical case is emerging for social learning as adaptation, there is limited empirical evidence of how these processes play out as local governments engage in urban adaptation planning. This paper starts to address this gap by examining social learning processes in two cities in India. We show how the social learning processes interact with complex governance contexts in the two cities and how evidence of outcomes is emerging across individuals, networks, and systems. We go on to argue that there are several areas of social learning that need further theorisation to support its application in the urban context. First, theories of social learning need to allow for unequal power relationships to continue to shape learning processes and take into account structural and historical dynamics as well as relational forms of power. Second, the way that scale is understood needs to be reopened as a point of analysis to understand how scalar concepts are used by actors to frame and locate problems and solutions rather than being understood as fixed and immutable.
Helminths products directly modulate T cells that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Quinn Shauna M. , Raverdeau Mathilde , McGinley Aoife M. , Mills Kingston H.G.
Published: April 2019

Infection with helminths can protect against the development of autoimmune diseases and this has been associated with induction of anti‐inflammatory innate immune responses and Tregs. Here, we demonstrate that helminth‐derived products can directly target T cells, especially IL‐17‐secreting γδ T cells that play a key pathogenic role in CNS autoimmune disease.
Rapid and One‐Step Transformation of LiAlH4 to Inorganic and Organic Anion Intercalated Li‐Al Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Pokhriyal Meenakshi , Yadav Dileep Kumar , Pal Sachin , Uma Sitharaman , Nagarajan Rajamani
Published: April 2019

Monoclinic [LiAl2(OH)6]OH·2H2O was formed by the hydrolysis of LiAlH4 within few minutes of irradiation with microwaves as confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared, Raman, 27Al NMR spectroscopic, and thermal analysis experiments. The flaky morphology of crystallites was evident in microscopy images. The compound is mesoporous with surface area of 50 m2/g. When required amounts of corresponding mineral acids were added during the hydrolysis of LiAlH4, exchange of the interlayer hydroxide ion with nitrate and chloride ions was successful. This was verified by the hexagonal symmetry observed in the PXRD patterns together with the evidence gathered from infrared, 27Al NMR spectra, thermal analyses, and the substantial changes in ligand to metal charge‐transfer bands in their UV/Visible spectra. A host of Li‐Al LDH compounds intercalated with aliphatic dicarboxylate (oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, and sebacic acid) anions were rapidly produced when a mixture of LiAlH4 and the respective acid was irradiated with microwaves for a few minutes. The basal spacing of the dicarboxylate anion intercalated systems increased linearly with the increase in the number of –CH2‐ groups in them. Microwave assisted reaction of ethylene glycol with [LiAl2(OH)6]OH·2H2O resulted in its intercalation.