bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of School Education on Per Capita Income Growth: An Empirical Analysis on the Gambia.
Authors: Sulayman Jallow
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: According to Economics theories,quality and productive education positively impact sustainable economic growth. Education can improve other elements like good governance, the obedience of citizens, improved health facilities, advanced technology, peace and stability, justice etc which are necessary to gain a quality life. Education is treated in the endogenous growth model as the pivot of human development. The education system in the Gambia is lagging which transl ates to its low per capita income, as a result, this study focuses on exploring the impact of its education in increasing the per capita income of its people using both quantitative and qualitative variables. I use the linear regression method to evaluate the model using time series data from 2000 to 2019. The results show that only the student enrolment ratio and pupil-teacher ratio are significant in per capita income growth in the Gambia.
2 - Rethinking the Humanities in CODESRIA’s Programmes
Authors: Senkoro F.E.M.K.
Published: July 2023

Debate: The Humanities in the CODESRIA Project
From 28 to 29 August 2015, CODESRIA held a planning meeting in Accra, Ghana in collaboration with the University of Ghana to deliberate on the location of the humanities in the life and work of a social science organisation like CODESRIA. The think pieces featured in this section emanated from the meeting.
4 - Beyond the Two Cultures Paradigm: The Humanities in the CODESRIA Project
Authors: Meneses Maria Paula
Published: July 2023

Debate: The Humanities in the CODESRIA Project
From 28 to 29 August 2015, CODESRIA held a planning meeting in Accra, Ghana in collaboration with the University of Ghana to deliberate on the location of the humanities in the life and work of a social science organisation like CODESRIA. The think pieces featured in this section emanated from the meeting.
KINDS OF TRANSLATIONS USED FROM MAHEN'S SONG "PURA PURA LUPA" BY EMMA HEESTERS
Authors: Rosalina Utami , Simbolon Veronica
Published: July 2023

This study aims to identify the types of translation used in translating Mahen's song "Pura Pura Lupa" translated by Emma Heesters. The method used in this research is a descriptive-qualitative method. In analyzing the data, the researcher used various translation theories put forward by Larson. The results of the study show that there are 19 data found in the translation of Mahen's song "Pura Pura Lupa" translated by Emma Heesters. Of the 19 data, there are 3 types of translation used, namely modified literal translation (10 data), idiomatic translation (3 data) and inappropriate free translation (6 data). Modified literal translation is widely used in translating song lyrics because the translator adds information in the target language and changes the meaning from the source language to the target language to create a special reaction for the target language listeners
Studi Literatur Efektivitas Virtual Laboratorium Pada Pembelajaran Fisika
Authors: Meilina Ike Lusi , Rohmah Asna Azizatur , F Dina Shinta Nur , A Latifah Lukluul , Farikha Nikmatul
Published: July 2023

Laboratorium virtual merupakan simulasi proses praktikum yang menggunakan perangkat lunak. Laboratorium virtual bukan sebagai pengganti laboratorium nyata, namun lebih digunakan untuk melengkapi dan memperbaiki kekurangan yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini sebagai bukti keefektifan pada penggunaan virtual laboratorium pembelajaran fisika berdasarkan berbagai artikel dan penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan teknik analisis data melalui analisis literasi data dengan cara berpikir deduktif dan memilah-milah hasil data yang dibaca, sehingga peneliti mendapatkan data Efektivitas Laboratorium Virtual. Berdasarkan analisis data dari jurnal yang ditelaah, dapat diketahui bahwa penggunaan virtual laboratorium pada pembelajaran Fisika terbukti cukup efektif. Penggunaan laboratorium virtual ini berdampak baik untuk siswa. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penggunaan laboratorium virtual pada pembelajaran Fisika berhasil cukup efektif memberikan dampak baik bagi peserta didik. Keefisienan pada dana, waktu, dan fasilitas pada laboratorium virtual mampu meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains, kreativitas, penguasaan konsep, motivasi dan minat belajar peserta didik, sehingga hasil belajar juga meningkat.
Penyuluhan Hukum Tentang Dampak Perkawinan Dini di Yayasan Pesantren Nahdhatul Ilmi Desa Selayang Kec. Selesai Kab. Langkat
Authors: Dewi Tika , Putri Diadjeng Mustika , Pratiwi Uchi Andini
Published: July 2023

Law No. 1 of 1974 provides a minimum age limit for everyone who wants to get married, namely the man has reached the age of 19 years and the woman has reached the age of 16 years, in addition to the prospective bride and groom who have not reached the age of 21 years must obtain permission. parents, thus the Court will issue a marriage dispensation as a marriage license for those who have not yet reached adulthood through a number of legal processes. Counseling activities about the impact of early marriage need to be given to students at the Nahdhatul Ilmi Islamic Boarding School foundation, especially for those who are in class IX to class XII in order to minimize their desire to marry at an early age. Among the impacts of underage marriage is the violation of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning child protection, it also has an impact on education, psychological and emotional, biological and health as well as social and economic.
Integrated Science Teachers' Perception: ICT Integration at Grade 10 in Secondary Schools across East Berbice Corentyne, Guyana, South America
Authors: Sharif Wazim Rafeek , Khan Azad
Published: July 2023

Modern society has benefited from the rapid advancement of technology, making it necessary to assess the effects of Information Communication Technology (ICT) adoption in the classroom. This study examined secondary school Integrated Science teachers' perception of ICT integration in Grade 10 across East Berbice Corentyne, Guyana. A non-experimental quantitative design was utilised. The sample comprised 30 teachers – 15 males and 15 females that were extracted using the stratified random sampling method. Data were collected via a questionnaire and administered in keeping with the appropriate ethical considerations. The data collected were analysed through descriptive and inferential analysis techniques. The findings revealed that male teachers used ICT tools more than female teachers and that all the teachers surveyed (trained or not) agreed that ICT integration was an effective intervention in the classroom. Furthermore, the younger teachers reported they faced many challenges despite their willingness to integrate ICT, while the older teachers opted to continue using traditional methods and were more reluctant.
bases do reconhecimento do outro
Authors: Machado Luiz Marcírio Kern
Published: July 2023

Tenho como ponto de partida o texto original de 1969, intitulado “O uso de um objeto e relacionamento através de identificações”. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é demonstrar que Winnicott efetuou aqui, assim como em outros momentos de sua obra, um acréscimo fundamental à psicanálise freudiana e à própria escola da relação de objeto, ao enfatizar que o movimento de reconhecer o objeto externo como algo que está “além das identificações projetivas” estabelece a passagem da “relação do objeto” ao “uso do objeto” e instaura, nesse avanço, a verdadeira noção de alteridade.
Distorções psicóticas do bom objeto
Authors: Waska Robert
Published: July 2023

Utiliza-se um amplo material de estudo de caso para a investigação das dificuldades em trabalhar analiticamente com pacientes psicóticos com tendências à clivagem excessiva, à idealização maníaca e à identificação projetiva. São abordados, também, problemas clínicos de atuação (acting out) transferencial e é explorada a importância do uso de informações contratransferenciais (SEGAL, 1977; SPILLIUS, 1983). Os conflitos entre os instintos de vida e de morte (ROSENFELD, 1971; GROTSTEIN, 1985; SEGAL, 1993) são muito comuns no paciente com grandes perturbações e a forma como essas dinâmicas atuam na transferência e criam situações de impasse intensas é ilustrada no material. Especificamente, as distorções patológicas do bom objeto são identificadas como o principal conflito no trabalho com certos pacientes mais primitivos. A abordagem kleiniana é demonstrada e o material de estudo de caso ilustra a necessidade de paciência clínica, fé no processo do analista e habilidade de aceitar o progresso lento ou até mesmo a total ausência de progresso.
Hiperatividade e déficit de atenção no funcionamento psíquico da criança
Authors: Guerra Victor
Published: July 2023

O presente trabalho aborda o transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade enfatizando a importância de identificar os fatores relacionais além dos de ordem biológica na avaliação diagnóstica. Adverte quanto aos diagnósticos “hiperativos”, isto é, apressados e destaca a importância do diagnóstico ser multidisciplinar. Por outro lado lembra que, culturalmente, existe uma exigência de que as crianças se envolvam com uma agenda intensiva. Considera que lutos não elaborados pelos pais levem à supervalorização da vitalidade da criança para afugentar fantasmas depressivos nos pais. Ao final ilustra com um caso clínico de um menino com excessiva autonomia sem angústia de separação.
estados primitivos da mente em um caso de adoção gemelar
Authors: Peres Lisiane Stornilo , Vives Renata Viola , Fagundes Sara , Brando Thabata , Gavioli Vanessa Azeredo
Published: July 2023

Apresenta-se, neste artigo, o caso clínico de dois irmãos gêmeos, Joaquim e Pedro, que manifestavam falhas precoces no desenvolvimento e na estruturação do ego relacionadas a traumas vividos intensamente. Os meninos chegaram para atendimento psicoterápico em razão do próprio processo de adoção, bem como devido às suas condutas agressivas e antissociais. Como referencial teórico, baseia-se a análise nas ideias de Winnicott sobre privação e delinquência, assim como a revisão da ideia de arcaico de Dorado de Lisondo, entre outros. Por meio do trabalho analítico, ficou evidenciado que os abusos vividos nos estágios iniciais da infância alteraram significativamente as percepções dos irmãos e sua capacidade de empatia em relação ao mundo, ambos necessitando imperiosamente reorganizar suas estruturas psíquicas através de um ambiente continente e seguro, para assim criarem um aparelho capaz de pensar os pensamentos, bem como sentir os sentimentos.
fenômeno da apresentação do objeto e suas implicações para o desenvolvimento
Authors: Fonseca Vera Regina J.R.M.
Published: July 2023

Com base em sua experiência com crianças psicóticas que sofrem dificuldades graves em tolerar a existência autônoma de um objeto externo, a autora discute o conceito de Winnicott de apresentação do objeto, perguntando quais são os pré-requisitos para a aceitação e uso de objeto por parte dos bebês; isto é, para assimilação de sua alteridade. Faz-se uma tentativa de estabelecer uma ligação entre as idéias de Winnicott e Klein sobre o assunto, e indica-se uma possível importância dessas questões no desenvolvimento normal. Três exemplos de crianças psicóticas são usados para ilustrar, com detalhes, diversas manobras para evitar a percepção do não-eu, no padrão de pensamento tão bem examinado por Tustin. Após a discussão clínica, a autora conclui que algumas crianças podem ser, de forma inata, mais suscetíveis a reagir de forma negativa à percepção da alteridade da pessoa que cuida delas, e que essa característica se combina com as condições ambientais, particularmente com o estilo do cuidado materno, para produzir ou evitar outras patologias. O ritmo, os jogos de imitação e a apresentação gradual e parcial do objeto externo, e também alguns métodos possíveis para controlar o objeto, parecem pertencer ao conjunto de “técnicas” maternas que se usam, espontaneamente, durante as interações. Esse estilo, por vezes, pode também ser útil no trabalho de psicanálise com crianças com graves perturbações.
Transgeracionalidade
Authors: Baümer Aline , Trachtenberg Ana Rosa Chait , Kahl Maria Luíza Furtado
Published: July 2023

A questão da transmissão da herança psíquica entre gerações é um assunto bastante recorrente na psicanálise contemporânea. A transgeracionalidade, transmissão da herança psíquica de maneira patológica, no entanto, é o viés que este trabalho pretende abordar. O primeiro capítulo deste trabalho busca na obra de Freud os antecedentes da questão da transmissão da herança psíquica, enquanto o segundo apresenta conceitos fundamentais para o entendimento da transgeracionalidade, através dos autores Nicolas Abraham e Maria Torok, que, apesar de nunca terem falado em tal, possibilitaram, através de seus conceitos, que autores contemporâneos pudessem dar continuidade aos seus estudos e lançar a idéia de que a cripta pode ser transmitida. A terceira parte pontua o que é a transgeracionalidade e a diferencia da intergeracionalidade, que se trata do processo normal da transmissão psíquica, trazendo alguns dos mais importantes autores que estudam tal questão, tais como Kaës, Faimberg, Aulagnier e Granjon. Coloca também que a transmissão psíquica patológica entre gerações pode promover a alienação psíquica do sujeito. É através da transmissão (geração precedente) e recepção (geração seguinte) de um material psíquico em estado bruto, um trauma não elaborado, que podemos observar esses fenômenos.
Mudança psíquica e crescimento emocional
Authors: Costa Rosane Muller
Published: July 2023

Têm sido objeto da investigação dos grandes pensadores da psicanálise os processos pelos quais mudanças mais duradouras acontecem no aparelho psíquico, tanto pelos seus desdobramentos clínicos quanto teóricos, na elaboração do ponto de vista genético da metapsicologia. Nesse campo, o movimento psicanalítico da segunda metade do século XX em diante tem destacado a participação fundamental do objeto, atentando para a importância das relações humanas de grande significação emocional no contexto das quais o poder transformador da palavra pode se revelar e o sujeito ser inserido no universo de intercâmbios simbólicos. No presente estudo, o conto de fadas A Bela e a Fera é usado como analogia ao processo de mudança psíquica e crescimento emocional, relacionando- se a tipificação das personagens e sua evolução dentro do conto aos processos de transformação do humano, seja por intermédio das relações no início da vida, seja das relações amorosas ou como resultado da psicanálise. As reflexões e análises efetuadas basearam-se, sobretudo, nos textos de Freud, Ferenczi e Klein.
Vértices e convergência
Authors: Delpizzo Cynthia Esteves , Petrucci José Luiz F.
Published: July 2023

Os autores pretendem, com o estudo de um caso clínico, mostrar o quanto a intuição, evidentemente instrumentada pelo firme conhecimento de um referencial teórico, pode fazer evoluir um tratamento sem que tais referenciais “invadam” a hora da sessão e ali estejam apenas como produto das associações espontâneas dos pensamentos de paciente e analista.
Administrative systems, situational leadership and decision-making in local economy management
Authors: Sanchez Carlos Alberto Pacheco , Claro Genny Torcoroma Navarro , Cristancho Jose Alberto
Published: July 2023

Administrative systems and decision-making must be constantly studied in order to assess the strategic thinking of the administration with regard to its management and ability to achieve the competitiveness of organizations, however, the themes exposed in local economics are imprecise and little depth, therefore, the study knew the administrative system, the situational leadership style and the factors that affect the decision-making of a managerial type, with a quantitative-descriptive methodology, applying the questionnaire and the inquiry technique to 64 organized entrepreneurs in a sample stratified by economic sectors of Ocaña, it is concluded that in the business sector 70% have an administrative system of an authoritarian-coercive type, where more than 60% of service entities promote the participatory system, contrary to the sector of commerce and construction, finally, the timing and projection of the investment are important factors in the decision-making process.
Prevalence, Pattern and Outcome of Adult Renal Diseases among Admissions in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital: A 4 Year Review
Authors: Okachi Elageche W. , Eleki Beniboba J. , Briggs Datonye C. , Membere Ibinabo
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Kidney disease is a growing worldwide public health problem and prevalence varies within and between countries. Epidemiological data is therefore imperative for prioritization and adequate resource allocation, especially in settings where no previous data exists.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and pattern of renal diseases among adults admitted into the medical wards of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Southern Nigeria.

Methods: Case notes of all patients admitted into the medical wards were reviewed from January 2019 to December 2022. Data extracted included sociodemographic variables, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of patients with renal disease.

Results: Of the 2,725 patients admitted to the medical wards, 386 (14.2%) had renal disease. The mean age of patients was 51.2 ± 16 years. There was a male preponderance of 210 (54.4%) with a M: F = 1.3:1. The most prevalent renal diseases were hypertensive nephropathy 125(32.4%), diabetic nephropathy 91(23.7%), HIV-related renal disease 54(14.0%) and obstructive uropathy 23(6%). Acute kidney injury constituted 37 (9.6%) of renal admissions. Analysis of outcome showed that 254 (65.8%) were discharged home, 17 (4.4%) patients discharged themselves against medical advice, 5 (1.3%) absconded, 2 (0.5%) referred and 108 (28.0%) of them died. The highest mortality (19.4%) occurred among patients with the HIV-related renal disease

Conclusion: The prevalence of renal disease is high, with hypertension, diabetes, HIV and obstructive uropathy as its commonest risk factors. Renal diseases still contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality among in-hospital admissions in Rivers State, Southern Nigeria. Preventative measures including health education, advocacy and screening for renal disease are imperative.
Energetic and Exergetic Analytical Approaches in Optimizing Grate Clinker Cooler Performances: A Case Study of a Cement Plant in Nigeria
Authors: Oyepata Joseph Sunday
Published: July 2023

Optimizing energy, reduction of global warming and de-carbonization in a cement production is becoming a global discuss. This research work seek ways of optimizing energy recovery and exergy recovery of a clinker cooler in a running cement plant in Nigeria. The cement plant used for this research has production capacity of 6000 tons of clinker per day, and with an energy mix of natural gas and heavy fuel oil (HFO). Energy recovery and exergy recovery in a clinker cooler was a major factor in optimizing clinker production and cement grinding process, the running clinker cooler has an energy recovery was 48.31% which was despite the high energy efficiency of clinker cooler which was above 90%. The exergy recovery of the clinker which was 43.31%, which was also observed to be lower when compared to exergy efficiency of the running clinker cooler which was 63.2%. The low energy and exergy recovery can be improved upon by reducing energy losses through convection, radiation, and hot clinker leaving the clinker cooler.
Isovalerylspiramycin I inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by targeting Topoisomerase 1 and suppressing the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related/checkpoint kinase 1 pathway
Authors: Liang Jinrong , Zhang Peng , He Kunyan , Zhang Yawen , Ding Xiaomin , Li Qian , Zhou Wang , Hu Haiyan , Zhang Jianjun , Zhou Yan
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) plays a crucial role in various cell cycle processes and its dysregulation can lead to the development of multiple tumours. However, conventional TOP1 inhibitors such as topotecan and irinotecan have poor clinical efficacy in osteosarcoma (OS) patients. This is partly due to the activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related/checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR/CHEK1) DNA damage repair pathway, which repairs TOP1 poison‐induced DNA lesions, compromises the cytotoxicity of TOP1 inhibitors and contributes to drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective TOP1 inhibitors for OS.

Experimental design

In this study, we evaluated the antitumor effects of isovalerylspiramycin I (ISP‐I), a novel macrolide antibiotic, using various assays including CCK‐8 proliferation assays, wound healing migration assays, Transwell invasion assays, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA replication and damage analyses on OS cells. We also performed a surface plasmon resonance‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry assay to identify ISP‐I's direct target protein in OS. Molecular docking analysis, thermoshift assays, enzyme activity assays and reverse tests were used to confirm ISP‐1′s target. Finally, we tested the efficacy of ISP‐I in vivo using a tumour xenograft model.

Results

Our results showed that ISP‐I significantly suppressed the growth of OS cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ISP‐I dose‐dependently inhibited cell migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in OS cells. Mechanistically, ISP‐I directly bound to TOP1 and inhibited DNA replication. Additionally, ISP‐I significantly downregulated the ATR/CHEK1 pathway, which led to the suppression of DNA damage repair, ultimately augmenting DNA damage and triggering cell death.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study suggests that ISP‐I could be a novel TOP1 inhibitor that does not activate the ATR/CHEK1 DNA damage repair pathway. This characteristic allows ISP‐I to synergistically inhibit OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion. ISP‐I may represent a promising candidate for the treatment of OS.
Central nervous system sulfatide deficiency as a causal factor for bladder disorder in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: He Sijia , Qiu Shulan , Pan Meixia , Palavicini Juan P. , Wang Hu , Li Xin , Bhattacharjee Anindita , Barannikov Savannah , Bieniek Kevin F. , Dupree Jeffrey L. , Han Xianlin
Published: July 2023

Background

Despite being a brain disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often accompanied by peripheral organ dysregulations (e.g., loss of bladder control in late‐stage AD), which highly rely on spinal cord coordination. However, the causal factor(s) for peripheral organ dysregulation in AD remain elusive.

Methods

The central nervous system (CNS) is enriched in lipids. We applied quantitative shotgun lipidomics to determine lipid profiles of human AD spinal cord tissues. Additionally, a CNS sulfatide (ST)‐deficient mouse model was used to study the lipidome, transcriptome and peripheral organ phenotypes of ST loss.

Results

We observed marked myelin lipid reduction in the spinal cord of AD subjects versus cognitively normal individuals. Among which, levels of ST, a myelin‐enriched lipid class, were strongly and negatively associated with the severity of AD. A CNS myelin‐specific ST‐deficient mouse model was used to further identify the causes and consequences of spinal cord lipidome changes. Interestingly, ST deficiency led to spinal cord lipidome and transcriptome profiles highly resembling those observed in AD, characterized by decline of multiple myelin‐enriched lipid classes and enhanced inflammatory responses, respectively. These changes significantly disrupted spinal cord function and led to substantial enlargement of urinary bladder in ST‐deficient mice.

Conclusions

Our study identified CNS ST deficiency as a causal factor for AD‐like lipid dysregulation, inflammation response and ultimately the development of bladder disorders. Targeting to maintain ST levels may serve as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD‐related peripheral disorders.
Integrating the social determinants of mental health into case conceptualization and treatment planning
Authors: Lenz A. Stephen , Litam Stacey Diane A.
Published: July 2023

The social determinants of mental health (SDMH) have strong associations with the physiological and psychological stress that are frequently the impetus for client referrals. Despite the increasing momentum of SDMH within areas of education, assessment, and advocacy, examples of their integration into key counseling practice activities are scant. This article provides an introduction to interrelated strategies for integrating the SDMH into client case conceptualizations and treatment plans. Descriptions of core assumptions and activities are provided with examples depicting key areas of opportunity.
Trapped modes along periodic structures submerged in a two‐layer fluid with background steady flow
Authors: Dias Gonçalo A. S.
Published: July 2023

The trapping of linear water waves by infinite arrays of three‐dimensional fixed periodic structures in a two‐layer fluid, where the layers are considered semi‐infinite in depth, have a common interface and move each with an independent uniform velocity with respect to the ground, is studied. The existence of real solutions to the dispersion relation demands a further stability condition on the layer velocities. From the variational formulation, after certain choices of background steady flow, results a nonlinear spectral problem, which upon a sensible linearization gives a geometric condition ensuring the existence of trapped modes (within the limits set by the stability condition). Symmetries reduce the global problem to the first quadrant of the velocity space. Examples are shown of configurations of obstacles that are both independent of the layer velocities and dependent only on their difference. Future developments are suggested.
Assessment of a modified MINDS‐based protocol for management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome on an inpatient medical service
Authors: Krcmarik Kevin M. , Hulley Benjamin J. , Huang Jiayi , Juang Derek , Cadman Peter , Urbiztondo Charisma , Vo Christine , Vargas Jaclyn , Motarjemi Ramin , Moinizandi Tarlan , Kwan Brian
Published: July 2023

Objective

To determine if a novel symptom‐based alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) protocol in a US Veterans cohort leads to significant clinical improvements in patient outcomes and safety.

Background

Prior studies of AWS management, oftentimes using the revised version of the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA‐Ar) index, have demonstrated the effectiveness of symptom‐triggered therapy for AWS. The Minnesota Detoxification Scale (MINDS) is an alternative to the CIWA‐Ar index but remains unevaluated outside of the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. This study assesses outcomes in AWS management prior to and after the implementation of a novel MINDS‐based AWS protocol (SDAWP) utilizing a revised MINDS index (MINDS‐rev) in an inpatient medical ward setting.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study including encounters prior to (n = 342) and after (n = 338) the implementation of the protocol. Pre‐ and post‐protocol encounters were selected by combinations of diagnostic codes and charting elements. Outcome measures of AWS management were obtained in both groups. The primary endpoint was median total benzodiazepine exposure. Secondary outcomes included median length of hospitalization, median duration of benzodiazepine administration, and the incidence of complications.

Results

The median total benzodiazepine exposure in the post‐SDAWP group was significantly lower than the pre‐SDAWP group (21.2 vs. 12.0 mg, p < 0.0001) and for a significantly shorter median duration of time (4.0 vs. 3.0 days, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the median length of stay (4.0 vs. 4.0 days, p = 0.50). The incidence of delirium tremens (21 vs. 7, p = 0.01) and need for transfer to a higher level of care (33 vs. 12, p = 0.002) was significantly lower in the post‐SDAWP group.

Conclusion

The SDAWP has provided significant improvements in AWS management in our institution and may potentially serve as a template for wider use in other inpatient settings.
Russia’s Climate Agenda: Responding to international calls
Authors: Salamova A. S. , Kantemirova Mira , Gishlakaev Saifulla , Kalitskaya Victoria
Published: July 2023

The problem of climate change on the planet has been gradually forming since the middle of the 20th century. as the idea of a universal threat, to combat which humanity needs to unite and regulate the waste of resources. To do this, the problem of global climate change had to be introduced both into the political and economic agenda, and into the basic world system of values. Only then would climate rhetoric be able to influence political decisions and shape the way people live, as well as influence the global economy. But for this it is necessary to prove that humans are to blame for global climate change. The fact that nature is constantly changing, scientists knew until the middle of the 20th century. But it was believed that the reasons for this lie in the laws of long and short climatic cycles, and man has nothing to do with global changes. And this means that it is impossible to justify the reasons why the global community and individuals should change their behavior. That is, without substantiating the anthropogenic impact on global climate change, this topic cannot claim to be the central determinant of economic and political development.
The Low Carbon Trend from a Sustainability Perspective: Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Nemtsova Elena , Bekmurzaeva Rashiya , Rykalina Olga
Published: July 2023

Climate change is the main global risk in the next 10 years, and international organizations, businesses and governments are paying more and more attention to decarbonization strategies and energy transition. In line with the general trend, the popularity of the climate agenda in Russia has grown rapidly in recent years. Until recently, many Russian companies calculated their carbon footprint, planned the development and implementation of climate strategies, and the state was actively developing the regulatory infrastructure for low-carbon development. Banking organizations have also announced climate goals and implemented decarbonization activities. However, a sharp change in the geopolitical and economic situation calls into question the future of the national climate agenda. At first glance, it may seem that the importance of low-carbon development principles has decreased, and banks, which have just begun their journey within the framework of the sustainable development agenda, have lost momentum. Increasingly, there are opinions that the main driver for the development of climate strategies, the request of international investors, has lost its relevance.
Influence of the Natural and Geographical Environment on the Adaptation of the Deported People During the Great Patriotic War (on the Example of the Chechens)
Authors: Tsutsulaeva Sapiyat , Yangulbaeva Eliza
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the article is to identify the mechanisms of reproduction and transformation of the mental and behavioral aspects of traditional ethno-social practices in extreme conditions of exile and ethnic deportation of the Chechen people.The question of the influence of the geographical environment on the socio-political processes and mores of society was raised by ancient authors, but the great geographical discoveries that caused the rapid economic and socio-political development of Europe served as the historical prerequisites for the emergence of an integral concept of geographical determinism.
Influence of the Geographical Environment on the Deported Chechens in the Places of Special Settlements
Authors: Tsutsulaeva Sapiyat , Saidov Ibrahim
Published: July 2023

It was extremely difficult for the deported peoples to adapt to new natural conditions, and to a new ethnic environment, and to a new humiliating situation. K.D. Ushinsky wrote that the influence of natural conditions on people is so powerful that the destruction of these conditions (and in this case separation) torments a person with painful homesickness. A number of government regulations established a cruel special regime. Settlers scattered in small groups from Kyrgyzstan to Kazakhstan did not have the opportunity to keep in touch with each other. In order to survive physically and morally, the settlers had to prove their innocence every minute of their existence. Adaptation in new geographic and climatic conditions, different from historical ones, had a dominating and depressing effect on the moral and psychological state of people.
Iatrogenic Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Rupture: Successful Management of a Unique Crisis
Authors: Rathore Kaushalendra , Smith Garry , Newman Mark
Published: July 2023

We are presenting a case of successful resuscitation during accidental rupture of a venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator after surgical pulmonary embolectomy. This article reports a rare complication related to the mechanical circulatory support and its successful management.
Current Application of NIRS and CPB Initiation Times in German Cardiac Surgery Centers: A Survey
Authors: Turra Jan , Wojdyla Jake , Eisner Christoph
Published: July 2023

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used in cardiac surgery to monitor cerebral oxygen supply. The initiation and perioperative management of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) constitute critical events in modifying the normal physiology of adequate blood and oxygen supply to the brain. First, little is known about how frequent NIRS is really used. Second, there are varying practices on how to initiate CPB. We therefore conducted a survey in Germany to get an idea of NIRS usage in cardiac surgery for the duration of initiation of CPB protocols. A web-based e-mail survey using commercial SurveyMonkey®(SurveyMonkey, San Mateo, CA) software was conducted in August 2017 including all German cardiac surgery centers. About 75% of the perfusion departments do not use NIRS as a standard monitoring device. It is usually reserved for clinical scenarios where cerebral perfusion might be impaired such as aortic arch surgery or carotid artery stenosis. Only one-third of the departments use a standardized duration of initiation of CPB despite a common belief of potential harm with fast initiation. The usual applied time to initiate CPB ranges from 30 to 120 seconds. Our survey revealed that the NIRS technology is only used in specific types of cardiac surgery to this date. In addition, there is a clear need for scientific studies on how to initiate CPB in the best way for the patient.
In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Hemoglobin and Electrolytes Following the Collection of Cell Saver Blood Washed with Either Normal Saline or Plasma-Lyte A
Authors: Cholette Jill M. , McRae Hannah L. , Angona Ron , Cahill Christine , Swartz Michael F. , Alfieris George M. , Refaai Majed A.
Published: July 2023

Cell saver blood is typically washed with normal saline (NS); however, recent studies have reported decreased red blood cell hemolysis and increased platelet function when a more physiologic washing solution, such as Plasma-Lyte A (PL-A) is used. We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of NS compared to PL-A as washing solutions for cell saver blood in pediatric cardiac surgery. Cell saver blood was re-infused for up to 24 hours post-collection. Laboratory and clinical data were collected from infants receiving cell saver washed with either NS (n= 20) or PL-A (n= 21). Compositions of the cell saver blood were compared between groups at 5 in vitro time points and in vivo patient blood at 24 hours post-bypass. Although there were differences in in vitro laboratory values between groups; 24 hours post-bypass, in vivo results were similar. Our data supports 24-hour reinfusion of cell saver washed with either NS versus PL-A in pediatric cardiac surgery patients, and provides data on the differences in cell saver composition to guide future studies.
An adaptable, user-friendly score sheet to monitor welfare in experimental fish
Authors: Flueck-Giraud Mathilde , Schmidt-Posthaus Heike , Bergadano Alessandra , Adrian-Kalchhauser Irene
Published: July 2023

Fish are increasingly used as experimental animals across research fields. Currently, a quarter of all experimental animals used in Europe are fish. Less than 20% of these are standard model species. Welfare assessments for experimental fish are in their infancy compared to rodents. This can be attributed to the diversity of species used, the relative recency of fish as go-to model for research, and challenges to assess welfare and pain in non-vocal underwater species. The lack of guidelines and tools presents a challenge for researchers (particularly, for newcomers), for ethics committees, and for implementing refinement measures.

Here, we present an adaptable, user-friendly score sheet for fish. The parameters contained in the excel tool are based on a literature review, have been validated by expert interviews, and evaluated by a fish pathologist. The tool allows to score individuals as well as groups, calculates summary scores and visualizes trends. We provide the underlying literature, give use examples and provide instructions on the adaptation and use of the score sheet.

We hope that this tool will empower researchers to include welfare assessment in their routines, foster discussions on fish welfare parameters among scientists, facilitate interactions with ethics committees, and most importantly, enable the refinement of fish experiments.
Testing of Constant Parameters for Semi‐Parametric Functional Coefficient Models with Integrated Covariates
Authors: Dai Shan , Chan Ngai Hang
Published: July 2023

Cointegration has been widely used in macroeconomics and financial time series analysis, but traditional linear cointegration relationship is often rejected in empirical applications. Many constant parameters testing methods in semi‐parametric functional coefficient cointegrated framework have been developed accordingly. However, there are little studies on constant parameters testing problem for the case that the index variable is integrated of order one. From a practical point of view, there is also a need for a test that accommodates integrated index variable in functional coefficient cointegrated setting, for example, in the study of the purchasing power parity hypothesis. In this article, an orthogonal series approximation‐based test statistic is proposed to tackle the problem. The asymptotic results are also studied. Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed test, and an empirical example about price and exchange rate data is provided.
Rethinking education, rethinking society
Authors: Kitcher Philip
Published: July 2023

What should education aim to accomplish? What are its goals and how should it attempt to achieve them? Much excellent work, by philosophers and by policymakers, takes for granted the institutions and practices devised in the past. Yet, from time to time, it is important to stand back and to think more generally, to pose larger questions. My book, The Main Enterprise of the World, is written in that spirit.
Family perspectives of ex situ heart perfusion
Authors: Conway Jennifer , Deschenes Sadie , Pidborochynski Tara , Freed Darren H. , van Manen Michael
Published: July 2023

Background

Pediatric patients awaiting a heart transplant have high waitlist mortality. Several strategies have been utilized to decrease waiting times, but a mortality risk still exists. New medical technologies may improve waiting times and associated mortality. Ex situ heart perfusion (ESHP) is one such technology, which can decrease the impact of cold ischemia on the donor heart and allow for a longer out‐of‐body time. Adoption of such technology in pediatric heart transplantation will require support from end users, including patient and families. The aim of this qualitative study was to report the perspectives of families with experience related to pediatric HTx toward ESHP.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 parents or guardians of children who were awaiting or received heart transplantation. Interviews were transcribed, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Participants expressed varied awareness and knowledge of ESHP. Independent of their understanding of ESHP, all purported that ESHP was an excellent idea and that this technology should be implemented in the pediatric population. They did not identify fundamentally different ethical issues or concerns for ESHP being used relative to other medical technologies. Overall, most participants described consent processes for ESHP should be like any other procedure. All agreed that the surgeon should continue to describe the overall health of the donor heart, provide their medical recommendations, and allow families to have the final say.

Conclusions

The concepts described by the parents and guardians are important in moving this novel technology forward. This information will serve the basis for knowledge translation that will provide educational resources to broaden the understanding and reach of ESHP.
Design and Simulation of Multi-State D-Latch Circuit Using QDC-SWS FETs
Authors: Almalki A. , Saman B. , Gudlavalleti R. H. , Chandy J. , Heller E. , Jain F. C.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a novel D-latch circuit using multi-state quantum dot channel (QDC) spatial wavefunction-switched (SWS) field-effect transistors (FET). The SWS-FET has two or more vertically stacked quantum-well or quantum dot (QD) layers where the magnitude of the gate voltage determines the location of carriers in each channel. Spatial location is used to encode multiple logic states along with the carrier transport in mini-energy bands formed in GeOx-Ge/ SiOx-Si quantum dot superlattice (QDSL), and to obtain 8-states operation. The design is based on the 8-state inverter using QDC SWS-FETs in CMOS-X configuration. This could be a new paradigm for designing flip-flops and registering more complex sequential circuits. The proposed design leads to reduced propagation delay and a smaller Si footprint.
Hybrid Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser Using Graphene Saturable Absorbers to Generate 20 and 50-GHz Pulse Trains
Authors: Rahman A. , Fan S. , Dutta N. K.
Published: July 2023

Optical pulses at high repetition rates are generated using rational harmonic mode locking and saturable absorber made of graphene nanoparticles in a fiber laser. The pulse generation from the fiber laser is modeled by solving the Generalized Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation. The computation involved varying the various saturable absorption parameters, such as linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients. Experimentally stable pulse trains at 20 GHz and 50 GHz are generated with a pulse width of ∼ 2.7 ps. This result agrees with the simulation.
High Speed 1550 nm Indium Gallium Arsenide-Indium Phosphide Photodetector
Authors: Perez Erik , LaComb Ronald , Jain Faquir
Published: July 2023

This paper presents preliminary results of a high speed 1550 nm indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs)-based mesa-type modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode (M-UTC-PD) structure. Conventional UTC-PD refers to P-I-N type photodiodes which selectively use electrons as active carriers. Photons absorbed in the relatively thin P-type absorber create minority carriers which are field accelerated toward a depleted collector thereby establishing high velocity ballistic transport, making these structures applicable for high speed applications. The M-UTC-PD structure presented uses spatially tailored P-type absorber regions to limit minority carrier generation both in the lateral and axial dimensions. Utilizing an otherwise conventional UTC-PD epitaxial structure where the top P-type layers are undoped, the spatially tailored P-type regions are defined by closed ampoule Zinc diffusion techniques. The M-UTC-PD structure presented utilizes a series of nested p-doped rings within a mesa structure to limit dark current and reduce overall capacitance to improve high speed operation. Two photodiode structures will be investigated for this research project, a conventional UTC-PD structure and a modified structure, utilizing similar device designs, epitaxial designs and fabrication processes. The conventional structure will be utilized for fabrication process development, verification of epi quality and development of rapid prototyping approach toward chip-based testing and subsequent high speed RF testing procedures. Conventional UTC-PD device results will be used as a comparison to quantify the performance of the M-UTC-PD structure utilizing Zn-doped defined p-type absorber regions. Results are given for chip tests of UTC-PD chips verifying epitaxial quality and fabrication process, subsequent testing of packaged devices and RF analysis remains. Process development of the Zn-doped devices is underway, once completed, these devices will be compared to the base design to quantify performance enhancement associated with the modified design.
Magnetostrictive Fiber Sensors as Total Field Magnetometers
Authors: Dougenik R. , Lacomb R. , Jain F.
Published: July 2023

A novel magnetostrictive thin film fiber sensor is presented which can be utilized in an interferometric architecture. The magnetostrictive fiber sensor utilizes novel fiber and thin film technology to achieve high sensitivity in the sub-nanotesla regime. The base sensor architecture utilizes optical fiber wound in a novel low stress flat coil resembling a record, coated with a thin magnetostrictive film. Two prototype variants were fabricated, incorporating FeCo sputtered films of different thicknesses on 4 μm polyimide jacket single mode fiber. The sensors were incorporated into a fiber optic interferometric measurement apparatus to characterize time-varying magnetic field sensitivity. Device results are presented which demonstrate sensitivity is a function of film thickness. The experimental data exhibited a two-order magnitude sensitivity improvement as the thin film thickness was doubled. Sensitivity projections are made based on film thickness.
Ultra-Short Pulse-Train Generation of 30-GHz Repetition Rate Using Rational Harmonic Mode Locking and Nonlinear Polarization Rotation
Authors: Rahman A. , Fan S. , Dutta N. K.
Published: July 2023

A 30-GHz pulse-train is generated using the rational harmonic mode-locking technique, experimentally, using a Mach–Zehnder Lithium Niobate modulator. The width of the pulses is then reduced from 5.8-ps to 1.9-ps by incorporating nonlinear polarization rotation. This phenomenon arises due to the very high nonlinear behavior of the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) added to the ring laser cavity. Numerically solving the Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation provided insights into the pulse evolution behavior. The relative polarization angle and length of the PCF were varied to study their effects on the pulse-width.