bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Analysis of Variable Ram Blowout Prevention Valves
Authors: Achuthan Ajit , Jayanath Shiyan
Published: March 2021

Variable ram blowout prevention (VRBOP) valves are elastomeric material-based flow control devices used in offshore oil drilling applications as the primary safety mechanism to respond to high wellbore pressure emergency situations. During their operation, the elastomer deforms and distorts extensively to form a tight seal around the drillpipe. Because of the large deformation and distortion of the elastomer, developing a Lagrangian-based finite element analysis model to simulate the operation of a VRBOP valve is quite challenging. The finite elements of the Lagrangian finite element mesh degrade in quality because they deform with the material when the deformation becomes excessive. This leads to poor convergence of the numerical solution. In this study, we first demonstrate that the numerical convergence issues can be resolved by using a suite of modeling techniques: explicit integration scheme, Ogden second-order hyperelastic constitutive model for the elastomer, and the selection of appropriate values for element sizes and other modeling parameters. After resolving the convergence issues, we used the model to study the sealing efficiency and material failure of a VRBOP valve for two different operating temperatures and drillpipe diameters. The sealing efficiency is studied using two performance criteria: the uniformity of the sealing pressure around the drillpipe and the magnitude of the overall deformation of the elastomer. For the material failure analysis of the elastomer, we used multiple failure criteria. The results of this study provide many new insights that have the potential to improve VRBOP valve design. For instance, results show that elevated temperature improves the sealing efficiency of a VRBOP valve because of the higher flexibility of the elastomer at elevated temperatures. Likewise, the wellbore pressure also improves the sealing efficiency. However, all these improvements in sealing pressure come with the risk of a higher probability of material failure.
Identification of industrial hazardous waste and material flow analysis based on hazardous waste producing businesses in Indonesia
Authors: Widyarsana I Made Wahyu , Mulyadi Aurilia Ayuanda , Tambunan Suci Ameliya
Published: March 2021

This research was conducted to (1) determine the hazardous waste generation from the industrial sector in Indonesia in 2019, (2) predict the hazardous waste generation in 2040, and (3) determine the waste material flow. This study's secondary data comes from past studies related to hazardous waste management in Indonesia's industrial sector. In this study, predicting hazardous waste generation used 2 (two) methods: the Annual Average Growth Rate and the Unit Gross Industrial Output Value. The last method used the assumption that Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) generate 10% of the total hazardous waste in Indonesia's industrial sector, while the Medium and Large Enterprises (MLEs) generate 85% of the total hazardous waste. In 2019, the total hazardous waste generation reached 573,351,835.37 tonnes yr-1. The hazardous waste projection from Indonesia's industrial sectors in 2040 reached 1,066,603,307.02 tonnes yr-1 to 1,298,591,111.95 tonnes yr-1. Based on the Material Flow Analysis, 68.66% of the hazardous waste was managed by disposing 11% of the hazardous waste in landfill, utilizing 31.44% of the waste, while 31.37% of the hazardous waste goes to hazardous waste transfer depots, and only 1.24% of the hazardous waste was processed. Meanwhile, 31.34% of the hazardous waste is considered to be unmanaged and pollute the land. Thus, it is necessary to have a reliable and integrated hazardous waste management system to reduce the negative impacts on the environment and human health.
Prediction of Postoperative Refractive Astigmatism Before Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Kawahara Atsushi
Published: March 2021

Background: To determine predictors of postoperative refractive astigmatism in cataract surgery for astigmatism correction by toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.Methods: Prospective, observational case series. The right eyes of forty consecutive patients with preoperative corneal astigmatism of the total cornea of 1.5 diopters (D) or more in magnitude and scheduled for implantation of a non-toric IOL during cataract surgery with a 2.4-mm temporal clear corneal incision were examined prospectively. The vertical/horizontal astigmatism component (J0) and oblique astigmatism component (J45) of refractive and corneal astigmatism were converted using power vector analysis. Multivariate regression analysis was performed with refractive astigmatism at three months postoperatively as the dependent variable, and preoperative parameters including age, sex, refractive astigmatism, corneal astigmatism, sphere, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, and corneal higher order aberrations as independent variables. The root mean square (RMS) errors were calculated to express the regression model fit.Results: The regression model for the J0 component was Postoperative refractive J0 = 1.05 × Coneal J0 - 0.14 (R2 = 0.96, P < 0.001). The model for the J45 component was Postoperative refractive J45 = 0.68 × Coneal J45 + 0.19 × Postoperative refractive J45 - 0.06 (R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001). The mean RMS errors for preoperative corneal astigmatism alone and the multivariate model were 0.58 D and 0.46 D, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.02).Conclusions: Refractive astigmatism after implantation of a toric IOL can be predicted by the regression model using preoperative corneal and refractive astigmatism more accurately than by corneal astigmatism alone. However, the prediction of oblique astigmatism remains a challenge.
Deficiency in Vitamin B12 and Ferritin Is Associated With Epigenetic Alterations in Cancer Patients  
Authors: Elawdan Khaled A. , Farouk Sabah , Araf Salah , Khalil Hany
Published: March 2021

Background: Cancer is the second-leading cause of death worldwide, caused by several mutations in DNA within the cells including epigenetic alteration. The epigenetic changes are external modifications to the DNA that switch “on” or “off” gene expression. The present study was conducted to investigate the epigenetic modifications and its correlation with the levels of vitamin B12 and ferritin in cancer patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer (BC), lung cancer (LC), or colon cancer (CC). Methods and Results: A total of 200 blood samples were obtained from cancer patients and healthy individuals. The relative expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), Ten-Eleven translocation (TET), and methionine synthase (MS) was evaluated in patients with the normal level of vitamin B12/ferritin and patients with the deficient levels of them. DNA methylation within the promoter regions was investigated of each indicated genes using the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme HpaII and bisulfite PCR. Interestingly, the expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b was increased in patients with low levels of vitamin B12 and ferritin, while the expression of MS, TET1, and TET3 was significantly decreased. DNA methylation analysis in patients with deficient levels of vitamin B12/ferritin showed a methylated-cytosine within the location 318/CG and 385/CG in the promoter region of TET1 and TET3, respectively. Moreover, the bisulfite PCR assay further confirmed the methylation changes in the promoter region of TET1 and TET3 at the indicated locations. Conclusion: These data indicate that the deficiency in vitamin B12 and ferritin in cancer patients plays a key role in the epigenetic exchanges during cancer development.
Eye-tracking Support for Architects, Conservators, and Museologists. Anastylosis as Pretext for Research and Discussion
Authors: Rusnak Marta Alina
Published: March 2021

Conservators, museologists, and architects make extremely complex decisions capable of affecting the way people perceive monuments. One might give this idea deeper consideration while pondering anastylosis, which should be done in such a way that it is possible to recognize the original and newlyadded elements. The definitions in force do not, however, explain how to make such a distinction. By using eye-tracking research, we can learn how observers look at historic objects that have been reassembled again. By combining the observation of visual behaviours with a survey of people looking at such objects, it is possible to see how the process of classifying what is new and old actually works. This knowledge allows for both a more conscious approach to heritage management process and pro-social design of exhibitions at archaeological sites, museums, and virtual reality.
Sox9-expressing cells promote regeneration after radiation-induced lung injury via PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Chen Shuang , Li Kang , Zhong Xinqi , Wang Ganping , Wang Xiaocheng , Cheng Maosheng , Chen Jie , Chen Zhi , Chen Jianwen , Zhang Caihua , Xiong Gan , Xu Xiuyun , Chen Demeng , Li Heping , Peng Liang
Published: March 2021

Background

Radiation induced lung injury (RILI) is considered as one of the most common complications of thoracic radiation. Recent studies have focused on stem cells properties to obtain ideal therapeutic effects and Sox9 has been reported to be involved in stem cell induction and differentiation. However, whether Sox9-expressing cells play a role in radiation repair and regeneration remain unknown.
Methods

We successfully obtain SOX9CreER, RosatdTomato and RosaDTA mice and identify Sox9-expressing cells through lineage tracing assay. Then we evaluated the effects of the ablation of Sox9-expressing cells in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanism of Sox9 expressing cells during lung regeneration via an online single cell RNA-seq dataset.
Results

In our study, we demonstrated Sox9-expressing cells promote regenerative of lung tissues and ablation of Sox9-expressing cells leads to severe phenotypes after radiation damage. In addition, analysis of online scRNA-seq dataset revealed an enrichment of PI3K/AKT pathway in Sox9-expressing cells during lung epithelium regeneration. Finally, AKT inhibitor Perifosine could suppress the regenerative effects of Sox9-expressing cells.
Conclusions

Taken together, our study suggests that Sox9-expressing cells may serve as a therapeutic target in the setting of lung tissue after RILI.
Managing CBRN Mass Casualty Incidents at Hospitals - Find a Simple Solution for a Complex Problem: a Pilot Study
Authors: Kippnich Maximilian , Schorscher Nora , Sattler Helmut , Kippnich Uwe , Meybohm Patrick , Wurmb Thomas
Published: March 2021

Background Chemical, Biological or Radio-nuclear (CBRN) incidents are a major challenge for emergency medical services and the involved hospitals. The challenge becomes even greater, if decontamination needs to be performed nearby or even within the hospital campus. To be prepared for such scenarios, the University Hospital Wuerzburg has developed a comprehensive and alternative CBRN response plan. Bullet points of the strategy are decontamination by Special Forces of the fire brigade and CBRN-experts of the Emergency Medical Services and the adaption to the hospitals spatial conditions. The focus of the presented study was to proof the practicability of the concept, the duration of the decontamination process and the temperature management during a full-scale exercise.Methods On demand the decontamination unit can be put into operation within the roofed basement access zone in front of the emergency department. The entire decontamination area can be deployed 24/7 by the hospitals technical staff. Fire and rescue services in adequate personal protective equipment are responsible for the decontamination process itself. The study was designed as full-scale exercise, which was documented by a camera team. The body temperature of the decontaminated Persons and the environment temerature was measured.Results The entire process proofed to be successful. The decontamination area was ready for operation within 30 minutes. The decontamination of the four simulated patients took 5,5 ± 0,6 minutes (mean ± SD) including handovers and undressing. 30 people have participated in the full-scale exercise. At the end of the decontamination process the temperature of the undressed upper body of the training patients was 27,25 ± 1 °C (81,05 ± 2 °F) (mean ± SD), the water in the shower was about 35°C (95°F).Conclusion The presented concept is comprehensive and simple for a best possible c care during CBRN incidents at hospitals. It ensures wet decontamination by Special Forces, while the technical requirements are created by the hospital.
Isomeric Forms of Biologically Active 2-Aminopyrimidinium Picrate Through Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate Analysis and Spectroscopic Measurements
Authors: Karthick T. , Singh Keshav Kumar , Singh Swapnil , Tandon Poonam , Narayana B.
Published: March 2021

In the present study, the isomeric forms of a biologically active 2-Aminopyrimidinium picrate cocrystal were investigated using spectroscopic investigation and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The vibrational assignments of IR and Raman peaks were predicted and the experimental IR and Raman spectra of the condensed phase of 2-Aminopyrimidinium picrate were compared with the simulated one. The intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) analysis was performed on all the possible reaction pathways to identify the isomeric forms of 2APP and transition state (TS) geometry. From the IRC analysis, a relatively stable form (named as isomer 2) has been identified in addition to the existing isomeric form (isomer 1) in the crystalline packing of 2APP. The presence of non-covalent interactions within the isomeric forms of 2APP was investigated with the help of quantum topological atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis. Reactivity descriptors and charge delocalization from lone pair to acceptor entities of both the isomers were predicted to validate the interactions present and to understand the charge distribution within the molecule.
Early Embryogenesis and Organogenesis in the Annelid Owenia Fusiformis
Authors: Carrillo-Baltodano Allan Martín , Seudre Océane , Guynes Kero , Martin-Duran Jose M
Published: March 2021

Background : Annelids are a diverse group of segmented worms within Spiralia, whose embryos exhibit spiral cleavage and a variety of larval forms. While most modern embryological studies focus on species with unequal spiral cleavage nested in Pleistoannelida (Sedentaria + Errantia), a few recent studies looked into Owenia fusiformis , a member of the sister group to all remaining annelids and thus a key lineage to understand annelid and spiralian evolution and development. However, the timing of early cleavage and detailed morphogenetic events leading to the formation of the idiosyncratic mitraria larva of O. fusiformis remain largely unexplored.Results : O. fusiformis undergoes equal spiral cleavage where the first quartet of animal micromeres are slightly larger than the vegetal macromeres. Cleavage results in a coeloblastula approximately five hours post fertilization (hpf) at 19 ºC. Gastrulation occurs via invagination and completes four hours later, with putative mesodermal precursors and the chaetoblasts appearing 10 hpf at the dorsoposterior side. Soon after, at 11 hpf, the apical tuft emerges, followed by the first neurons (as revealed by the expression of elav1 and synaptotagmin1 ) in the apical organ and the prototroch by 13 hpf. Muscles connecting the chaetal sac to various larval tissues develop around 18 hpf and by the time the mitraria is fully formed at 22 hpf, there are FMRFamide + neurons in the apical organ and prototroch, the latter forming a prototrochal ring. As the mitraria feeds, it grows in size and the prototroch expands through active proliferation. The larva becomes competent after ~3 weeks post fertilization at 15 ºC, when a conspicuous juvenile rudiment has formed ventrally.Conclusions : O. fusiformis embryogenesis is similar to that of other equal spiral cleaving annelids, supporting that equal cleavage is associated with the formation of a coeloblastula, gastrulation via invagination, and a feeding trochophore-like larva in Annelida. The nervous system of the mitraria larva forms earlier and is more complex than previously recognized and develops from anterior to posterior, which is likely an ancestral condition to Annelida. Altogether, our study identifies the major developmental events during O. fusiformis ontogeny, defining a conceptual framework for future investigations.
Evaluation of Selected IL6/STAT3 Pathway Molecules and miRNA Expression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - the Search for New Diagnostic Markers
Authors: Kiszałkiewicz Justyna , Majewski Sebastian , Piotrowski Wojciech J. , Górski Paweł , Pastuszak-Lewandoska Dorota , Migdalska-Sęk Monika , Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa
Published: March 2021

Background COPD has been regarded as a global epidemic due to an increase in pollution and tobacco exposure. Therefore, the study of molecular mechanism as the basis for modern therapy is important. Objective The aim of the study was the assessment of gene expression levels, IL-6, IL-6ST, PIAS3, STAT3, and miRNAs, miR-1, miR-106b, miR-155, in patients with COPD. Methods Induced sputum as well as PBMC were collected from 40 patients clinically verified according to the GOLD 2017 (A-D) classification and from the control group (n = 20). The levels of gene and miRNA expression were analysed by qPCR. Results Statistically significant differences between the study group vs. control group were observed for IL-6 (P = 0.008, Mann-Whitney U test), and miR-155 (P = 0.03, Mann-Whitney U test). There were statistically significant differences between patients: current smokers vs. ex- smokers for STAT3, (P = 0.04, Mann-Whitney U test) and miR-155 (P = 0.03, Mann-Whitney U test) with a higher expression in current smokers. Conclusions Differences in gene expression levels of the IL-6 / gp130 / STAT3 pathway and miRNA depending on the smoking status and classification of patients according to GOLD suggest the importance of these genes in the pathogenesis of COPD and may indicate their potential utility in monitoring the course of the disease.
Multiple huge abscesses of sacroiliac joint and hip: tuberculosis or pyogenic infection? Treatment and literature review
Authors: Li Yujia , Xiong Jiepeng , Gu Yun , Yu Min , Chou Ke
Published: March 2021

Background: Sacroiliac joint infection is uncommon in clinical. It's initial symptoms are usually nonspecific, often confused with tuberculosis, septic arthritis of the hip, osteitis of the ilium and lumbar disc herniation which make it difficult to early diagnosis. There is few report about the sacroiliac joint infection, especially with multiple huge abscesses.Case presentation: A 29 years old male who developed pain of the right buttock, and firstly was diagnosed as lumbar disc herniation, then sacroiliac joint tuberculosis. The therapeutic effect was not satisfactory. We performed surgical debridement for him and get the clear diagnosis which is staphylococcus aureus infection of sacroiliac joint. After thoroughly debrided, the symptoms disappeared with adequate and regular antibiotic therapy.Conclusions: For sacroiliac joint infection, clinical suspicion is low, the condition is uncommon, and the general incidence is unknown. It's presentation is diverse. So when encountered similar situations, the sacroiliac joint infection should be considered, and the pathogen should be identified, in order to treat it correctly as soon as possible.
Carbonic anhydrase 2 is a promising predictive factor in cholangiocarcinoma and potential mediator in Metformin treatment
Authors: Li Chaofu , Qin Li , Huang Jian , Zhan Yu , Yu Guanzhen , Huang Haixin , Huang Dongning
Published: March 2021

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare tumor with an aggressive behavior, early diagnosis is impossible as symptoms emerge only in advanced stages. The discovery of a promising biomarker is urgently needed. Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) was found to be dysregulated in diverse cancers, however limited knowledge of CA2 in CCA development was known.
Materials and methods

CA2 expression was detected both in human and rat thioacetamide (TAA)-induced CCA model by RT-PCR and IHC staining. The relationship of CA2 expression with clinical outcomes was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. CA2 expression changes were also detected both in vivo and in vitro by a potential CA2 inhibitor, Metformin (Met), which was used to inhibit CCA development.
Results

The level of CA2 expression was increased in biliary lesions with continuous administration of TAA. CA2 was overexpressed in CCA compared with normal tissue samples in rat model and human samples, and correlated significantly with disease progression. Patients with high CA2 expression had a poorer outcome than those without CA2 expression. Met alleviated TAA-induced CCA lesions, and significantly decreased CA2 expression. Colony formation assay showed Met inhibition in CCA cell abilities to form colonies and CA2 expression. CA2 expression was downregulated by Met in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro.
Conclusions

These findings indicate that CA2 is a promising predictive and prognostic factor, and might serve as a potentially novel therapeutic target for human CCA.
The Heterogeneity of National Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Mixed-method Study
Authors: Chen Yi-Ying , Assefa Yibeltal
Published: March 2021

Background: COVID-19 has quickly spread to all corners of the world since its emergence in Wuhan, China in December of 2019. The disease burden has been heterogeneous across regions of the world, with Americas leading in cumulative cases and deaths, followed by Europe, Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Africa and Western Pacific. Initial responses to COVID-19 also varied between governments, ranging from proactive containment to delayed intervention. Understanding these variabilities allow high burden countries to learn from low burden countries on ways to create more sustainable response plans in the future.Methods: This study used a mixed-method approach to perform cross-country comparisons of pandemic responses. The chosen countries for this study were the US, Brazil, Germany, Australia, South Korea and Thailand; they were selected based on their income level, relative COVID-19 burden and geographic location. To rationalize the clinical variability between these six countries, a list of 14 indicators was established to systematically assess the countries’ preparedness, actual response, and overall socioeconomic and demographic profile in the context of COVID-19.Results: As of December 1st , 2020, the US had the highest cases per million, followed by Brazil, Germany, Australia, South Korea and Thailand. The same ranking was observed for the countries’ deaths per million statistics. Cross-national comparison suggests that there were nine indicators to explain epidemiological differences between the countries, and they were 1) leadership, governance and coordination of response, 2) communication, 3) community engagement, 4) multisectoral actions, 5) public health capacity, 6) universal health coverage, 7) medical services and hospital capacity, 8) demography and 9) burden of non-communicable diseases.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic manifests varied outcomes due to differences in countries’ vulnerability, preparedness and response. Our study rationalizes why South Korea, Thailand, Australia and Germany performed better than the US and Brazil. By identifying the strengths of low burden countries and weaknesses of hotspot countries, we elucidate specific factors constituting an effective pandemic response that can be adopted by leaders in preparation for re-emerging public health threats.
The effect on lower limbs of wearing ankle weights in people under/over 70 years old: single comparison after intervention
Authors: Akatsu Hiroyasu , Manabe Toshie , Kawade Yoshihiro , Masaki Yoshiyuki , Hoshino Shigeru , Jo Takashi , Kobayashi Shinya , Hayakawa Tomihiro , Ohara Hirotaka
Published: March 2021

Background

Since the emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), safety management in gymnastics classrooms has been difficult. As a result, healthy older adults are more likely to voluntarily refrain from attending because of fear of contracting COVID-19, and thus engage in less exercise. In this context, it is important to develop methods for self-prevention of frailty that can be conducted safely and easily at home. We examined the effectiveness of providing ankle weights to older adults as a frailty prevention device.
Methods

All participants were 50–90 years old
and were screened for falls using the Motor Fitness Scale
(MFS).

Participants were divided into two groups (≤ 70 and ≥ 71 years old) and analyzed. We rented ankle weights for 3 months to older adults in the community and evaluated changes in physical and motor function before and after wearing them.
A total of 75 people who responded to
the call for participants used ankle weights for 3 months, and
underwent various measures of physical condition, cognitive
condition, and performance (body composition, grip strength,
standing on one leg with eyes open, 30-second chair stand test
[CS-30], timed up-and-go test [TUG], walking speed, body sway
measurement, and the Japanese version of Montreal Cognitive
Assessment [MOCA-J]) before and 3 months after wearing ankle
weights.
Results

CS-30 performance improved in both
younger and older participants.
Conclusions

CS-30 reflects lower limb/trunk muscle strength and can be used as an index of fall risk. Our results suggest that wearing ankle weights can be recommended as a fall-prevention measure.
Trial registration:

University hospital Medical Information Network ID 000038073) and registration date at April 14th 2020
Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Elderly: A retrospective, Single Center, Real-World Study
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wu Yipeng , Wang Yi
Published: March 2021

Background: The current study aimed to identify the effectiveness of TKA in improving functional outcomes in a predominantly elderly patient cohort.Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the patients admitted to a specialist orthopedic center from January 2018 to December 2019. a. Demographic and clinicopathological data and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores at admission were acquired and entered as continuous variables to assess the outcomes in regression models values lesser than 0.05 was considered significant. Data analysis by univariate regression and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was implemented by R software (ver. 3.6.3)Results: Mean duration of operation was 90.3±29.08 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss was 91.9±26.5 ml for females and 88.6±19.1 ml for males. Mean duration of surgery was 90.3± 29.08 minutes (90.19±23.19 in patients aged ≥65 years). The mean blood loss was 334.55±114.28 mL (349.26±107.43 mL in patients aged ≥65 years). Pain, function and stiffness outcome scores decreased significantly after TKA. Post-surgery, inpatient rehabilitation was attempted by 13.89%, whilst 88.88% of individuals attempted recuperation at home. Preexisting comorbidities like diabetes mellitus was present in 11.11% individuals whilst hypertension was present in 16.67% patients. Radiographic grading revealed 5% of patients with Grade 1 Kellgren Lawrence (K-L) classification, whilst 95% of patients demonstrated Grade 4 classification.Conclusion: Understanding the underlying factors that govern TKA patients' functional restoration of mobility may reduce the length of stay. In this aspect, TKA is a viable option for improving functional outcomes even in elderly patients.
Queens, but not their stored sperm, are resilient to temperature stress
Authors: McAfee Alison , Tarpy David R , Foster Leonard J
Published: March 2021

Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures can reduce stored sperm viability within queen honey bees. However, little is known about how thermal stress may directly impact queen performance or other maternal quality metrics, such as queen mass, egg laying rate, and development of embryos within eggs. Here, in a blind field trial, we recorded laying pattern, queen mass, and average callow worker mass before and after exposing queens to a cold temperature (4°C, 2 h), hot temperature (42°C, 2 h), and hive temperature (33°C) to serve as a handling control. We then used proteomics to investigate potential vertical effects of maternal temperature stress on embryos, as well as to measure the abundance of previously determined protein markers for temperature stress in the spermathecal fluid. We found no significant effect of abiotic stress on any of the metrics we recorded. These data suggest that there are likely no lasting maternal effects of temperature stress on honey bee queens, and that the queens themselves are highly stress tolerant, but not their stored sperm.
Remote sensing of environmental risk factors for malaria in different geographic contexts
Authors: McMahon Andrea , Mihretie Abere , Ahmed Adem Agmas , Lake Mastewal , Awoke Worku , Wimberly Michael
Published: March 2021

Background

Despite global intervention efforts, malaria remains a major public health concern in many parts of the world. Understanding geographic variation in malaria patterns and their environmental determinants can support targeting of malaria control and development of elimination strategies. We used multiple sources of remotely-sensed environmental data to analyze the influences of environmental risk factors on malaria cases caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in two geographic settings in Ethiopia.
Results

We found considerable spatial variation in malaria proportion and the distribution of malaria hot spots. Spectral indices were related to land cover greenness (NDVI) and moisture (NDWI) showed an association between malaria and dry landscapes. Climatic factors, including precipitation and land surface temperature, had positive associations with malaria occurrence. Settlement structure also played an important role, with opposing relationships between settlement density and malaria for the two study areas. Variables related to land surface water, such as irrigated agriculture, wetlands, seasonally flooded waterbodies and height above nearest drainage did not influence malaria proportion.
Conclusion

We found different relationships between malaria and environmental conditions in two geographically distinctive areas. These results emphasize that studies of malaria-environmental relationships and predictive models of malaria occurence should be context specific to account for such differences.
Pivoting in the pandemic: a qualitative study of child and adolescent psychiatrists in the times of COVID-19
Authors: DiGiovanni Madeline , Weller Indigo , Martin Andres
Published: March 2021

Objectives

We examined the personal and professional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development, practice, and shifting values of child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAP), in order to inform how the field may move forward post-pandemic.
Methods

We conducted individual semi-structured interviews of child and adolescent psychiatrists (n = 24) practicing in the US. Participants were selected as a diverse purposive sample of active members of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). We analyzed anonymized transcripts through iterative coding using thematic analysis aided by NVivo software.
Results

We identified three main thematic domains within participants’ response to the pandemic, which have engendered a reevaluation of and a recommitment to the aims of each clinician and the field of CAP more broadly. These domains, paired with representative questions, include: 1) Unsettling, or “who have we been?” (identifying discontents such as daily inefficiencies and intraprofessional loss of trust); 2) Adaptation, or “who are we now?” (exploring affordances and limitations of virtual work, and the evolution of personal and professional identity); and 3) Reimagination, or “who will we become?” (renewing a commitment to psychiatry as advocacy). Even as we identified a collective agreement toward the need for implementing change, just what needs to change, and how that change will be realized, remain contested.
Conclusion

These three thematic domains, augmented by a national confrontation with race and equity, have engendered a field-wide reckoning with known inequities. They have reinvigorated collective responses and calls to action. The divergent mindsets to change and leadership have provided an aperture for what values and practices the field might instill in its next generation of practitioners.
The curator in the art world and in the museum: History, theories and current issues
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Rubantseva Elizaveta V. , Hoffmann Loup ,   Sorbonne University
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the current state of curatorship and curating from a historical, theoretical and practical perspective. The aim is to understand the origin and the nature of the justified critique facing the profession nowadays from art institutions, artists, as well as from curators themselves, while exploring the challenges faced. The key historical developments of the profession are retraced, which nonetheless always had, to a certain extent, to come to terms with the main stakeholders of the industry: the artist, exhibiting institutions and the public. The profession’s interwoven position is further studied through a variety of positive and normative accounts from curators as well as from academia. These accounts make it possible to evaluate a profession whose complexity is reflected in its various practices, functions and officiating venues. Based on the historical and theoretical analysis, the authors explore the current position of the curator in the art field, as well as problems and criticism faced. Among them, significant attention in the article is paid to the ethical problems arising from the cooperation of curators with artists, institutions and the public, as well as to the alarming convergence of the functions of independent and museum curator and to the partially negative impact of working conditions on the quality of work of these professionals. The authors come to the conclusion that curatorship, because of its specific emergence in the world of art, faces new challenges that cannot be fully resolved because they are unavoidably placed between stakeholders sharing mostly antagonistic values.
The history of the creation of the Azerbaijan State Museum (Azgosmusey)
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Tourism and Management, Qafarova Gunay N.
Published: March 2021

The history of museums in Azerbaijan is only a hundred years old, but the path traveled over the years has been very difficult. The development of museums was directly affected by the political course of the Soviet country. Museums were supposed to reflect the politics and ideology of the country, and everything that did not correspond to this was gathering dust in storage or even worse destroyed. The names of the owners of the collections were not mentioned in any public publication. Their names preserved only the basic documents of museums, acts and books of receipts, which were available to a very narrow circle of people. Often, collections mercilessly broken into small groups and transferred to various museums in the country. Namely, the property of many representatives of the national bourgeoisie enriched our museums. Nevertheless, in the first years of Soviet power, the museums created in Azerbaijan managed to assemble a rich collection, despite the obvious distortions in the reflection of historical truth. It was these works that formed the basis of the collections of modern National Museums, and, of course, the Azgosmuzey laid their foundation. It was the first museum to systematically and consistently assemble a collection. Azgosmuzey organized expeditions and conducted archaeological excavations. Excavations on the territory of Azerbaijan have always been carried out officially and unofficially, unfortunately, many discovered artifacts were exported outside of our country, but after the establishment of Soviet power, the situation in this area changed somewhat, and it should be noted for the better. On the initiative of the museum’s management, various exhibits were transferred to our museums from Moscow, and then from Leningrad, enriching the repositories of Western European and Russian art. Many materials cited in the article are not known to a wide circle of researchers.
Concepts of exhibiting ethnographic collections of the 18th century Kunstkamera of the Imperial Academy of Sciences
Authors:   Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography Peter the Great (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Khartanovich Margarita F. , Khartanovich Maria V. ,   Scientific-Research Museum of the Russian Academy of Arts
Published: March 2021

The exposition of the 18th century Kunstkamera of the Imperial Academy of Sciences was arranged according to the principle of a universal, all-encompassing presentation of the surrounding world through material monuments. Along with natural history collections, items related to the traditional spiritual and material culture of various peoples were displayed in the Kunstkamera. As part of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, the Kunstkamera was a kind of public presentation of the activities of academicians, reflecting the development of scientific knowledge in a particular area through the principles of organizing objects and their interpretation. This article analyzes the stages of exhibiting objects of traditional culture, their relationship and interdependence with the development of scientific interest in the “description of peoples”. In the first decades of public exposure for the Kunstkamera (1730s–1740s), the items of traditional culture of any nation were exhibited based on their functional purpose. Large-scale expeditionary geographic studies of Russia, begun by Peter I and continued during subsequent reigns, significantly expanded the body of information and materials stored and studied at the Imperial Academy of Sciences. The ethnographic assemblies received state “publication” during the ethnographic carnival, organized on the occasion of celebrations upon the signing of a peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna. Since the end of the 1740s, due to the expeditionary research of the territories of the Russian Empire, the collection of ethnographic items has acquired a systemic classification character, which contributes to a reliable reflection of the system of organizing life sustainment for a certain people in specific territorial conditions. By the last decades of the 18th century, the ethnographic exposition of the Kunstkamera of the Imperial Academy of Sciences was the result of an integrated scientific approach to the presentation of the cultural diversity of the peoples of the Russian Empire.
The collections of the Palace of Lausos in Constantinople
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Culture, Porshnev Valeriy P.
Published: March 2021

Constantinople throughout the IV–VI centuries became the largest center for collecting monuments of ancient art. Initially, the incentive for this was the desire to decorate the new capital of the Roman Empire. Therefore, both collecting, and the arrangement of statues, bas-reliefs, obelisks, and architectural fragments on streets and squares had quite a chaotic character. The turning point came in the first decades of the V century when, after Theodosius the Great’s decree on the ban of pagan divine services, ancient sanctuaries, having been left without the care of the authorities, fell into full decay as a result of riots by fanatics and looting. As a result, the natural process of destruction began. With such events comes an incentive to preserve the creations of outstanding masters of the past which have their lost sacral function, and are considered as works of art. The collecting activity of Lavsos, the high-ranking imperial official, and owner of a large palace on the main city street dates back to this time. The article examines the motives for collecting ancient art’s masterpieces, among which were the works of Lysippos, Pheidias and Praksitel’s, their possible systematization and degree of availability to citizens. The research is based on written sources, compositions of the Byzantine authors, and on results of recent archeological excavations in the center of Istanbul, which revealed fragments of the palace of Lausos.
Books in museum library collections as a source for the study and representation of significant events in Russian history of the first quarter of the 20th century (on the example of publications from the Civil War period 1917–1922)
Authors:   The Eastern Crimean Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve, Narizhnaya Oksana V.
Published: March 2021

The article describes the documents from collections of the scientific library of the East Crimean Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve published in Crimea during the Civil War of 1917–1922. These documents are book monuments as copies published in the important period of Russian history in the first quarter of the XX century in accordance with the sociovalue criterion. Publications are considered both as objects for the scientific study of the documentary sources themselves, and from the point of view of potential exhibits of the museum exposition. The publications allow for the most complete and widespread coverage of one of the most complex and controversial moments in the history of Russia. The historical conditions of the functioning of the national economy and certain aspects of social life, reflected in the sources studied, are examined. Among them are the publishing industry, public education, museums, the activities of the system of internal affairs bodies and local self-government. Considerable attention is paid to the study of local history publications, reflecting the development of history and archeology of the indicated period and containing valuable information on the history of Crimea. A number of brochures are presented, which methodological recommendations for teaching individual academic disciplines in a unified labor school. Educational and practical publications occupy a significant place among the analyzed documents. They contain excerpts from the works of ancient Roman authors published in Latin and serve as readers for the study of the classical Latin language in the gymnasium. The content and physical safety of publications, their attributive features, are described: book signs, labels, handwritten notes, autographs are described as a result of historical and bibliographical analysis.
Effectiveness of investment activities of managers in the mandatory pension insurance system
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Boldyreva Natalia , Reshetnikova Liudmila ,   Tyumen State University
Published: March 2021

This article examines reasons for the low efficiency of investment activity by pension asset managers, and pension investment rules are formulated. These rules are based on the Asset Allocation strategy, taking into account the long-term pension investments and the life-cycle investment strategy. All pension portfolios of Russiаn managers have weak diversification by asset classes, a high share of fixed income financial instruments, and a mismatch of the portfolio structure with the risk profile of the beneficiary. The pension industry has high costs. We evaluated the real efficiency of investment activity by pension asset managers according to the classical theory of investments, and compared it with the risk-return benchmarks of the Russian financial market. The real cumulative return by pension asset managers is negative for the period 2008–2018. At the same time, the Russian financial market provided opportunities for real growth of pension savings. Bank deposits allowed to defend capital from depreciation. Modeling of index pension portfolios (conservative, balanced, and aggressive) in the Russian financial market, according to pension investment rules, showed a positive impact on investment management efficiency of regular rebalancing of the portfolio containing stocks. The management of index pension portfolios by the proposed rules protect pension savings against inflation. Pension asset managers improve the investment policy efficiency following the pension investment rules.
On the lines of modeling phraseological units
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanova Elizaveta V.
Published: March 2021

From the very beginning of the development of phraseology as a separate area of Russian linguistics, the descriptive modeling of phraseological units has been widely undertaken. Meanwhile the construction of their generative models has always raised questions and been realized on a limited scale. This restriction is brought about by the high degree of idiomaticity of the core units in the phraseological system, preventing the formation of semantic regularities and defying systematization on a wide scale. The cognitive approach to a phraseological unit, based on the frame structure of the latter, allows us to construct generative models both for large and relatively small groups of phraseological units, their size depending on the degree of generalization of the frame components. The idiom models under consideration in this article comprise the invariant frames of meaning and literal meaning, which reflect relatively concrete situations and are incorporated into the processes of conceptual integration. The focus of attention is primarily the semantic regularities discovered in some groups of idioms, which proves the existence of two contrary and asymmetrical tendencies. On the one hand, the dominant tendency towards the formation of idioms isolated from each other by their unique semantics and deprived of any regularity in their formation, on the other hand, the limited tendency towards the manifestation of semantic regularities resulting from conceptual ones. The regularities revealed in the formation of idiom semantics are the consequence of analogue processes of thinking and interpreting the acquired knowledge, which inevitably initiates the development of regularities even in those parts of the language system where they are least expected. The established conceptual and semantic regularities give reasons to suppose that the construction of generative models of idiom formation is fully justified in some cases, despite the limited range of their function in the phraseological system. These regularities also allow us to use the notion of a potential idiom alongside that of a potential word.