bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Geopolymer/Activated Carbon Composite Mortar from PLTU Paiton Fly Ash with the Addition of Sidoarjo Mud Waste
Authors: Tsaqif W G , Kuswindayani N Y , Febriyanti V N A , Nurdiansah H , Raditya R F , Arief M H
Published: June 2024

Cement production produces CO2 gas emissions that are harmful to the environment, so the manufacture of geopolymers can be done to substitute cement. Geopolymers are mineral chemical compounds or mixtures thereof consisting of repeating chemical units, such as silica-oxide. This research aims to make geopolymer mortar made from fly ash waste and Sidoarjo Lapindo mud composites with activated carbon to increase compressive strength, reduce moisture and increase CO2 absorption. Broadly speaking, the stages of this research began with preparing tools and materials to make geopolymer mortar, then mix design between fly ash, Sidoarjo lapindo sludge, and activated carbon with the addition of alkali activator, as well as fine aggregate in the form of Lumajang sand, which was then cured at 7, 14, and 28 days. Furthermore, characterization tests carried out for geopolymer mortar are SEM and XRD and testing compressive strength, water absorption, and CO2 absorption. The compressive strength test results showed that of all sample variations, the F100 variation had the highest compressive strength with a value of 17.57 MPa after curing for 28 days. The compressive strength of each sample variation increases with the longer curing time, except for the L100 variation. While in the additive variation group, the compressive strength of the F75C15L10 variation is the highest with a value of 17.43 MPa. In the water absorption test based on the carbon additive variation, it can be seen that the longer the curing time, the higher the water absorption.
Synthesis of Composite Photocatalyst Derived from Medical Mask Waste/TiO2 for Degradation of Rhodamine-B Textile Waste
Authors: Ilham Munada Dimas , Umar Sa’id Achmad , Surya Juniarianto Alvi , Muhammad Luthfi Billy , Ratu Nazillah Tiara , Nurdiansah Haniffudin
Published: June 2024

The Covid-19 case requires the use of masks followed by an increase in the amount of waste in Indonesia. Another type of waste that continues to increase and is harmful to waters is Rhodamine-B (RhB). One way to treat this waste is by photodegradation method. In this research, the synthesis of S-doped porous carbon (SDPC) derived from medical mask waste was composited with TiO2, a semiconductor material, to be used as photocatalyst material. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of SDPC mass on the structure and morphology of the SDPC/TiO2 composite and the performance of Rhodamine-B degradation. The mass variations of SDPC used were 25%; 37.5%; and 50%. The process of synthesizing porous carbon by sulfonation method at a temperature of 200 °C for 6 hours and continued activation using KOH to form activated SDPC. Then the composite synthesis process was carried out by sonification process. The result show 50% SDPC/TiO2 composite has the best degradation performance with degradation percentage of 54.21% in 2 hours of irradiation time.
Purification of Natural Sulfur up to the Analyst Grade to qualify for Li-Sulfur Battery Applications
Authors: Puspitasari Indah , Mutmainah Wawat , Putri Nobel Mariani , Hidayat Sahrul
Published: June 2024

The high capacity has encouraged many researchers to study the application of sulfur as a battery cathode to replace the current commercial battery cathode. The purity and degree of crystallization of sulfur are critical to the capacity and performance of Li-Sulfur batteries. This research focuses on improving the purity and degree of crystallization of natural sulfur obtained from sulfur mining in Kawah Putih of South Bandung. The purification method used is dissolution-recrystallization which is based on the different solubility of sulfur and its impurities in toluene solvent. By dissolving sulfur in toluene at a certain temperature, impurities will separate because they are not dissolved in toluene. Furthermore, the sulfur dissolved in toluene can be separated from the impurities and re-crystallized to obtain pure sulfur. The XRD test results obtained a degree of crystallization of 95%, fit to the Orthorhombic crystal structure which is characteristic of S8 (octa-Sulfur) crystals. Testing with SEM-EDS, the highest purity was obtained at 68.61% and 31.39% of it was detected Carbon compounds. Meanwhile, FTIR testing found no carbon bonds (either C-O, C-C, C-H or C-S) which in theory appear in the absorption range of 900 cm-1 to 2000 cm-1. After confirming with the SEM/EDS testing analyst, it was stated that the carbon came from the SEM/EDS testing substrate that used a carbon sealtip. Thus, if there is no carbon compound, the purity of SEM EDS test results is more than 98%. Thus, these results are qualified for application as battery electrode material.
Synthesis of S-doped porous carbon/MnO2 composite from discarded medical masks for hybrid supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Kusuma T J , Ramadhan M A , Yalatama P J , Anjarsari R , Febriyanti T , Nurdiansah H
Published: June 2024

The fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes can be obtained from materials with abundant carbon availability such as discarded polypropylene medical masks, studied by XRD, SEM, and FTIR. In this work, discarded surgical masks and then carbon was obtained via a solvothermal method. The fabrication of high performance supercapacitor to enhance the electrochemical performance of carbon-based electrode is by combining carbon material with MnO2 to form hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. The electrochemical performance can be greatly improved because of the high electrical conductivity of carbon and excellent redox reaction from MnO2. Fibrous structure of S-doped porous carbon morphology via SEM with nanowire MnO2 covered a rod carbon structure. Furthermore, XRD analysis and FTIR show the amorphous structure with high peak at 2θ 25.5⁰ and 42.2° with the absorption peak at 509.05 cm−1, 510.68 cm−1 and 578. 87 cm−1 shows the Mn-O stretching. The as-prepared 0.3-SDPC/MnO2 exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 84.71 F g−1. Moreover, as-prepared 0.3-SDPC/MnO2 showed high energy and power density (7.53 Wh kg−1, 169.96 W kg−1) and the lowest resistance of 0.72 Ω. These results indicate that 0.3-SDPC/MnO2 composite electrode will have potential application in hybrid supercapacitors.
Overview of the use of the sol-gel method in the synthesis and analysis of hydroxyapatide from biowaste
Authors: Sakinah  , Rachma Wulan Widya , Aini Fauziyah Nur
Published: June 2024

The aim of this review was to determine the synthesis of hydroxyapatite biomaterial from bone waste by sol-gel method. The sol gel method was chosen because it can operate at low temperatures, simple method, inexpensive. Waste materials were used in the study since it is currently uncommon to synthesize bone implant hydroxyapatite using waste resources. Additionally, using waste products to create hydroxyapatite is a great way to help Indonesia reduce its waste production. Moreover, this review revealed the biowaste which excellent potential as the source of hydroxyapatite. As well as in this review it was found that heating the sample at 1000°C is necessary to synthesize pure hydroxyapatite, and the resulting material has unique characteristics as shown by XRD and FTIR patterns.
Integration of monitoring and operation ion source system in the DECY-13 cyclotron
Authors: Alfiansyah A , Puspitasari A J , Prasetyo G H , Permana F S , Diah F I
Published: June 2024

In nuclear medicine, cyclotrons play a vital role as cyclic accelerators, producing radioisotopes for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) technology. Currently, the Accelerator Technology Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, is developing the DECY-13 cyclotron, which comprises several crucial components, including the ion source. The ion source generates ions that is accelerated to a specific energy level before being directed at the target. The ion source system of the DECY-13 cyclotron includes various supporting components, such as a cooling system, vacuum system, Magnet Power Supply (MPS), gas flow system, and cathode power supply. These components are currently operated independently, with manual monitoring by operators. To simplify and improve the operation, an integration project needed for supporting component of the DECY-13 cyclotron’s ion source. This integration utilizes LabVIEW software, the NI-9870 module, NI-9425 module, and NI-cRIO as the process operation controller. The successful development of the integration program ensures that the displayed data on the interface aligns seamlessly with data from each individual device. Consequently, the integration program serves as an effective tool for monitoring the operation of the DECY-13 cyclotron’s ion source.
The Klein-Gordon equation in the cosmic string and rainbow gravity spacetime under the influence of an external magnetic field and Coulomb potential for PDM particles
Authors: Sabathino Harya Wibawa Briant , Suparmi A , Cari C , Harjana Harjana
Published: June 2024

The Klein-Gordon equation in the cosmic string and rainbow gravity spacetime under the influence of an external magnetic field and Coulomb potential for PDM particles is investigated using the NU method. From solution of the Klein-Gordon system with PDM particles, the energy levels are obtained. The energy levels are numerically calculated as a function of rainbow gravity parameters, as a function of magnetic field parameters, as a function of position-dependent mass parameters. We apply some rainbow functions and the results show that the negative and positive energy levels for rainbow function 1 are symmetrical compared to rainbow function 2.
Effect of Scattering Rate and Thickness Variation on the Propagation of Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) in Topological Weyl Semimetals Waveguide
Authors: Utami N S , Majidi M A , Ukhtary M S , Budiyono A
Published: June 2024

Weyl semimetals have emerged as a captivating subject, drawing considerable interest and widespread attention. Their appeal lies in the anomalous nature of their band structure and distinctive topological properties, setting them apart from the characteristics exhibited by other materials. We investigate the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) of a waveguide made of two layers of Weyl semimetals sandwiching a dielectric material incorporating the effect of electron scattering rate. We calculate the frequency dispersion relation by solving the boundary conditions of the electromagnetic fields in the Maxwell’s equations. Furthermore, we analyze the effect of the electron scattering rate and thickness variation of the propagation length of SPP. Increasing the scattering rate causes a broadening effect on the plasmon dispersion spectrum and propagation length. The larger value of the thickness tends to make the propagation length larger.
Comparison of Non-Overlap and Overlap Savonius Wind Turbines in the Physics Aspect Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Method
Authors: Nensy Irawan Elysa , Yamashita Ken-Ichiro , Fujita Goro
Published: June 2024

Wind energy has good potential as a renewable energy source. Savonius-type wind turbines can provide power generation at a low cost with minimal environmental impact. Due to its low efficiency, researchers were focused on increasing it through many methods, such as applying twisted-bladed, optimizing the blade shape, and applying overlap. Most researchers have studied the effects of overlap on Savonius blades only in terms of performance improvements. This study evaluates the effect of overlap on the Savonius blade from a physics perspective using the Computational Fluid Dynamics method to get a new approach based on the improvement. The models are 2-bladed Savonius with non-overlap and 0.2 overlap. The main software used is Ansys Student 2023 R2. The turbulent model chosen is a realizable k- enhanced wall treatment. Then, pressure and velocity coupling were done using SIMPLE: 2nd order upwind, 1st order implicit. As a result, the overlap model has a higher reverse flow but lower pressure for all Tip Speed Ratio. Another finding shows that turbulent kinetic energy decreases with overlap. For the non-overlap model, the amount of turbulence is greater downstream, which causes vortices to form and lowers turbine performance. So, the effects of the overlap blade result in higher average Torque Coefficient than non-overlap.
Development of RF plasma generator based on Class E Power Amplifier
Authors: Putro Triswantoro , Dwiyanto Arifan , Anggraeni Dewi , Sakti Setyawan P.
Published: June 2024

The plasma produced at 2 MHz radio frequency has substantial energy release stability and can be used to modify a material’s surface. The objective of this research is to create a plasma generator operating at a radio frequency of 2 MHz and examine how voltage affects the plasma spectrum that is generated. An AD9833 frequency generator, a class E amplifier, and impedance matching are used in the design of a 2 MHz radio frequency plasma generator as power amplifiers to create plasma. Variations in voltage, gas, and gas flow have been used. The input voltage variations used were 10V and 15V from the power supply. Two different media, free air (atmospheric gas) and argon gas flow, are used for plasma generation. In free air, the plasma formed is Nitrogen plasma with a wavelength of 300 to 380 nm. Argon gas flow is given a variation of Argon gas rate of 2 LPM, and 3 LPM. The plasma formed is Argon plasma with a wavelength of 700 to 850 nm.
Analysis of effect cooling tower geometric porforation design on the distribution of sound pressure level and temperature
Authors: Pahlevi M R , Suyatno
Published: June 2024

Noise in a cooling tower system is caused by the cooling system engineering units, namely the tightly closed water circulation pump, fans for air flow needed for heat transfer, and vibrations in the cooling tower structure. Noise in cooling towers can be reduced by paying attention to the mechanical structure of the cooling tower such as stiffness, density and porosity of the cooling tower material. This mechanical control is still not optimal for reducing or controlling noise at low frequencies, depending on the physical properties of the materials used. The objective of the study is to analyze the noise distribution in the cooling tower geometric design and the temperature distribution in the cooling tower geometric design. This research focuses on the geometric design of the cooling tower and selecting the most optimal design to reduce noise and analyze the temperature distribution in the cooling tower. In this paper, simulations were carried out using the Ansys Harmonic Acoustics program and carried out at low frequencies, namely frequencies of 100 - 500 Hz. The simulation is carried out by placing the noise source in a chamber surrounded by a barrier or enclosure. The results of the simulation include the distribution of Sound Pressure Level (SPL) and air temperature distribution in the form of a countour plot which displays color gradations in the geometry which indicate differences in sound intensity values and air temperature values in the cooling tower geometry. After obtaining the simulation results, the most optimal design can be identified to reduce noise in the cooling tower.
Analyze photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using TiO2 deposited onto conductive and non-conductive substrates under UV-C light
Authors: Mia Rosita Ayu , Yudhoyono Gatut
Published: June 2024

Degradation of methylene blue has been extensively studied by using TiO2 thin film as photocatalyst deposited onto non-conductive substrates. In this research, we proposed to utilize TiO2 thin film deposited onto conductive substrate, i.e., PCB. We compared concentration degradation between TiO2 thin film deposited onto conductive and non-conductive substrates. In this study, a photocatalysis process was carried out to decompose methylene blue pollutants. This research aims to obtain the performance of TiO2 photocatalyst coated with spray coating method on conductive and non-conductive substrates using UV-C light. This research begins with the manufacture of photocatalysis reactor, manufacture and coating of substrate, manufacture of methylene blue solution, concentration calculation. In this study, two types of thin layer substrates were made using the spray coating method. The first substrate is made using acrylic material as a non-conductive substrate, the second material uses a conductive substrate, PCB. The results shows that concentration of conductive and non-conductive substrates decreases 51% and 33,3 %, respectively. Therefore, conductive substrate may increase photocatalytic process. The use of substrates that are conductors can conduct electrons well, so that when interacting with TiO2, electrons generated by the photocatalysis process can move more easily. Acrylic and PCB materials are distinguished based on the ability to conduct electricity. Acrylic as an insulator and PCB acts as a conductor substrate.
Qualitative morphological similarities among hybrid Phalaenopsis in Indonesia
Authors: Hartati S , Rizki L N
Published: June 2024

Phalaenopsis spp. is one of the most popular orchid species in Indonesia and abroad. Various plant breeding efforts have increased orchids’ economic value and aesthetics. This research was conducted to study the similarity of morphological characters between orchids in eight hybrid Phalaenopsis species, namely Dtps. Shu Long King x Shu Long Purple Queen, Dtps. Fuller’s Sunset, Dtps. Shu Long Purple Queen x OX King 3545, P. Golden Tree, Dtps. OX X-Ray, P. Shu Long Romantic, Dtps. Fuller’s C-Plus 3790, Shu Long TS2904. Observation data were analyzed using the NTSys 2.02i software application. The results showed that there were two large clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.77. Cluster 1 includes Dtps. Shu Long Purple Queen x OX King 3545, Dtps. Shu Long King x Shu Long Purple Queen, P. Shu Long TS2904, and P. Shu Long Romantic. Cluster 2 includes Dtps. Fuller’s Sunset, P. Golden Tree, Dtps. Fuller’s C-Plus 3790, Dtps. OX X-Ray. At a similarity coefficient of 0.93, there are orchids Dtps. Shu Long Purple Queen x OX King 3545 with Dtps. Shu Long King x Shu Long Purple Queen and Dtps. Fuller’s Sunset with P. Golden Tree.
Utilization of Medicinal Plant Species by the Community of Wonodadi Village, Pracimantoro District, Wonogiri Regency
Authors: Oktavi Azzahra Erza , Agustina Ana , Masyithoh Galuh
Published: June 2024

Plants with beneficial active substances are known as medicinal plants. Medicinal plants can be an alternative to chemical drugs, which often have side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to learn about the use of medicinal plants in Wonodadi Village. This research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods to identify the species of plants, the parts used, the source or acquisition location, and the processing methods. The data was collected through observation and interviews with 40 respondents selected using the snowball sampling technique. The research revealed that there were 40 types of medicinal plants used by the community, with ginger had the highest percentage of use (95%). Furthermore, the 7 parts of the plants being utilized, namely roots, rhizomes, stem, leaves, flower, fruits, and resin with leaves being the most commonly used part (54%). Medicinal plants were mostly obtained from fields and yards, and were processed through various methods. Medicinal plants were typically sourced from both fields and yards (62%), and boiling was the most common processing method (36%).
The relation of macrofauna and soil organic carbon in Sacha Inchi cropping patterns
Authors: Aryani W , Supriyadi  , Dewi W S , Purwanto
Published: June 2024

Soil macrofauna plays an important role in the soil ecosystem. Through various biological activities, macrofauna provides various ecosystem services such as the provision and regulation of nutrients and carbon through litter decomposition, increasing water holding capacity, and improving soil structure. The diversity of soil macrofauna is strongly influenced by the litter produced. The more diverse types of plants, the more diverse macrofauna will be found. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between macrofauna and soil organic carbon in various cropping patterns of sacha inchi in Sragen, Central Java. The research was conducted on teak-sacha inchi, teak monoculture, mixed agroforestry, and sacha inchi monoculture. Based on the results, there were a total of 6 orders of macrofauna in four types of cropping patterns. The highest total number of individuals was found in the sacha inchi monoculture. The macrofauna diversity index was found the highest in teak-sacha inchi with a Shannon-Wiener index of 1.207, and the lowest in the sacha inchi monoculture with a Shannon-Wiener index of 0.76. Based on the correlation analysis, it is known that soil organic carbon content has a negative correlation with the number of macrofauna and a positive correlation with macrofauna diversity.
Larvicidal activity of liverworts’ (Marchantia paleacea) ethyl acetate fraction against Athalia proxima
Authors: Mulyani S , Sugiyarto  , Pangastuti A
Published: June 2024

Indonesia is an agrarian country with extensive agricultural land and a variety of crop types. One of the challenges faced by farmers when cultivating crops is pest infestation. The larval stage of Athalia proxima attacks cruciferous plants, leading to a 65-80% decrease in productivity. Continuous use of synthetic larvicides has negative impacts such as pest resistance, harm to natural plant enemies, and environmental pollution. This research aims to investigate the larvicidal activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract from liverworts (Marchantia paleacea) against A. proxima. The stages of compound isolation included extraction and fractionation. Compound groups in the fraction were identified through phytochemical screening. The larvicidal activity testing method used was the spray method. The concentrations of liverwort ethyl acetate fraction used were 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%. Distilled water was used as a negative control. Larval mortality was observed 24 hours after application and analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50 value. Phytochemical screening results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction tested positive for alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. The LC50 value of the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanol extract from M. paleacea was 0.33%. Therefore, the ethyl acetate fraction of M. paleacea exhibited high larvicidal activity against A. proxima.
The effect of gamma ray re-irradiation on genetic variations in black rice based on RAPD and Bph gene resistance location based on SSR markers
Authors: Bachtari R P , Susilowati A , Sutarno S
Published: June 2024

The black rice variety Cempo Ireng M8 generation already has morphologically uniform characteristics and good productivity values. However, the black rice M8 generation is still susceptible to planthopper pests. Therefore, a re-irradiation process was carried out on M8 using 200 Gy gamma rays to obtain a black rice variety resistant to planthopper pests. This re-radiation treatment has produced the M2 generation. To determine the genetic variations between M8 black rice plants and the M2 generation that are formed, this research conducted molecular methods using six RAPD markers and three SSR markers to determine genes in the sample related to the Bph resistance gene. The sequenced SSR amplicons were analyzed using BLAST in NCBI. The results of the RAPD marker showed genetic variation in the seven black rice samples with an average polymorphism percentage of 92.85% and the Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value for the six primers was between 0.25-0.5, which means the RAPD primers is informative. The analysis and sequence results of the RM5953 primer show that the primer is located in the Bph resistance gene (chromosome 4) and produces an amplicon at a band size of 129 bp.
Effect of green manure on the availability of Phosphorus and Potassium nutrients in Vertisols
Authors: Suntoro  , Herdiansyah G , Widijanto H , Tjahjanto A D , Puspitasari C , Wardhana H R
Published: June 2024

The need for rice as a staple food continues to increase, increasing the demand for land. However, the soil’s availability of nutrients is decreasing due to inappropriate and excessive use of chemical fertilizers, causing soil degradation. Green fertilizer is an effective effort to reduce excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The research aims to determine the use of green manure in influencing the availability of phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The research was conducted on Vertisols in Weru District, Sukoharjo Regency. The research was carried out using experimental methods. There were 10 treatments with 3 replications (A: Control; B: NPK Fertilizer 200 kg/ha; C: Straw 10 Tons/ha; D: Kirinyuh 10 Tons/ha; E: Water spinach 10 Tons/ha; F: Water Hyacinth 10 Tons/ha; G: NPK 100 kg/ha + Straw 5 Tons/ha; H: NPK 100 kg/ha + Kirinyuh 5 Tons/ha; I: NPK 100 kg/ha + Water spinach 5 Tons/ha; J: NPK 100 kg/ha + Water Hyacinth 5 Tons/ha). The results show that green manure affects the availability of phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Kirinyuh fertilizer (5-10 tons/ha) gives the highest results in providing phosphorus and potassium nutrients in Vertisols. Using green fertilizers can offset chemical fertilizers by increasing the availability of phosphorus and potassium nutrients.
The Use of Biostimulants in Javanese Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Cultivation to Increase Production Competitiveness
Authors: Utami N , Mulyono D , Jufri A , Tanjung A
Published: June 2024

The objective of the research is to increase the productivity and quality of javanese turmeric. The research is a descriptive analytic by using information and data from senior agricultural experts and scientific publications. The agribusiness of javanese turmeric has bright prospects, but there is still problem where javanese turmeric cultivated traditionally so the average productivity and quality is low. According to the regulation from Agency of Food and Drug Supervisory, the production of medicinal plant is required to be high quality to ensure the efficacy and safety of medicinal herb. The efforts to increase productivity and quality in the cultivation of javanese turmeric can be done through the combination of using biostimulant and the application of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP). The use of biostimulant will provide more available nutrients for plant growth, increase plant protection from pathogen, and increase soil water holding capacity where it will lead to increase productivity. The combination of using biostimulant and application of GAP will lead to increase productivity and quality of javanese turmeric production where it can meet the requirement of modern medicinal herb industry. Furthermore, it is expected to increase the competitiveness of production, increase farmer income, and lead to develop farmer economy.
Growth response of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) to nutrient formulations in hydroponic media
Authors: Surya Bidara Irna , Sugiartini Emi , Pitono Joko , Rosliani Rini , Kusyaeri Hamdani Kiki , Setiawan  , Taulabi Darwin
Published: June 2024

The production of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) by applying a hydroponic technique has been widely operated in urban areas. One of limited factor on hydroponic operation is a high spending cost on nutrition input i.e. AB Mix nutrition. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of NPK for substituting AB Mix on hydroponic operation of mustard greens. The research was conducted at BPTP Jakarta, from February to April 2021. Five combinations of NPK substitution on AB Mix were evaluated, namely: 100% AB Mix as control (H0), 75% AB Mix - 25% NPK (H1), 50% AB Mix - 50% NPK (H2), 25% AB Mix - 75% NPK (H3), 100% NPK (H4). All the treatments were arranged on a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The results showed that combination of AB Mix 25% + NPK 75% (H3) yield mustard greens growth similarly with the control plant (100% AB Mix). This finding approved that proportion of NPK for AB Mix substitution was appropriate up to 75% on hydroponic operation for mustard greens cultivation.
The Growth of Biofortified Mustard Green Plants with Iron and Zinc through Foliar Spray
Authors: Setyoningsih A R , Samanhudi  , Sakya A T , Supriyono  , Setyawati A
Published: June 2024

Agronomic biofortification of iron and zinc is important to increase iron and zinc content in mustard greens, because the amounts are still too small to meet the iron and zinc needs of the human body. However, the growth must be evaluated to determine the right concentration for iron and zinc biofortification in mustard greens that do not inhibit or are toxic to mustard growth. This study aims to evaluate the growth of mustard plants undergoing iron and zinc biofortification through foliar spray. The study was conducted in the Karanganyar screen house using a randomized block design with 2 factors (Fe-EDTA and Zn-EDTA, each concentration 0; 0.2; 0.4; and 0.6 g/L). Based on the result, there was an interaction between Fe and Zn concentrations in the number of leaves and leaf area. It also showed a positive correlation between all growth parameters. Spraying of Fe and Zn with a concentration of 0.2-0.6 g/L does not inhibit or be toxic for the growth of mustard green plants, but the spraying of Fe and Zn has not been able to produce better mustard green growth because there is no significant increase in mustard green growth compared to the control plant.
Infection of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Rust Fungus on Seven Soybean Varieties in Pine and Mahogany Agroforestry
Authors: Poromarto S H , Yuniati I Y
Published: June 2024

Pine and mahogany agroforestry systems are a few alternatives to increase soybean production. However, soybeans in agroforestry systems have problems with disease infection. One of the most important diseases is leaf rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The study aims to compare the infection index and rate of P. pachyrhizi on seven soybean varieties in pine and mahogany agroforestry. The research was conducted at KHDTK (Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus) Alas Bromo in Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia, using a Completely Randomized Block Design and seven soybean varieties (Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Dena-1, Dena-2, Denasa-1, Denasa-2, and Devon-1) with three repetitions. The results represented that infection of P. pachyrhizi rust fungus in the mahogany agroforestry system had a higher index and faster infection rate.
Growing the Young Generation’s Interest in Agriculture through Synergy between Tourism and Organic Farming
Authors: Permatasari P , Wibowo A , Suwarto  , Winarno J
Published: June 2024

Sustainable agriculture is becoming increasingly important in the context of global population growth and climate change. However, young people’s interest in agriculture has declined due to urbanization and a shift in career preferences. In light of this challenge, the idea to create a synergy between tourism and organic farming has emerged as an interesting and potential solution. This article explores how this synergy can play an important role in growing young people’s interest in agriculture. The research method is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The research was conducted at an organic farming center in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. The results show that organic farming, combined with elements of education, sustainability, and social interaction in the tourism experience, has a positive impact on the local economy, improves environmental awareness, and strengthens the connection with nature and local communities. By taking advantage of the potential synergy between tourism and organic farming, young people can be inspired to engage in sustainable agriculture, to create positive changes in future agricultural practices, and to promote a more environmentally conscious and sustainable society.
Nonlinearly elastic maps: Energy minimizing configurations of membranes on prescribed surfaces
Authors: Healey Timothy , Nair Gokul
Published: June 2024

We propose a model for nonlinearly elastic membranes undergoing finite deformations while confined to a regular frictionless surface inR3\mathbb {R}^3. This is a physically correct model of the analogy sometimes given to motivate harmonic maps between manifolds. The proposed energy density function is convex in the strain pair comprising the deformation gradient and the local area ratio. If the target surface is a plane, the problem reduces to 2-dimensional, polyconvex nonlinear elasticity addressed by J. M. Ball. On the other hand, the energy density is not rank-one convex for unconstrained deformations intoR3\mathbb {R}^3. We show that the problem admits an energy-minimizing configuration when constrained to lie on the given surface. For a class of Dirichlet problems, we demonstrate that the minimizing deformation is a homeomorphism onto its image on the given surface and establish the weak Eulerian form of the equilibrium equations.
Experimental techniques
Authors: Dierking Ingo , Martins Figueiredo Neto Antônio
Published: June 2024

In this chapter we discuss some of the most employed experimental techniques in the study of the properties of lyotropic liquid crystals. We start with Polarized Optical Microscopy that is, probably, the one firstly used to observe the outstanding optical properties of these materials. Laser Conoscopy is used to precisely measure optical birefringences and the nature of phase transitions in nematic lyotropic liquid crystals. Differential Scanning Calorimetry is employed to investigate thermal behaviour of the different mesophases and phase transitions. X-ray and neutron diffraction and scattering techniques are employed to study structure and molecular nanosegregation in the basic units of the mesophases. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is a powerful and complementary tool to investigate molecular structure and dynamics in these materials. Finally, Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy for direct imaging is a technique that allows the observation of the specimen thermally fixed in its natural state.
Chromonics
Authors: Dierking Ingo , Martins Figueiredo Neto Antônio
Published: June 2024

The nomenclature ‘chromonic’ has been incorporated into the usual jargon of researchers to characterize lyotropic mixtures made of flat, aromatic molecules, with ionic parts on the periphery of the molecule. Differently from molecular aggregates formed by the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions between aliphatic molecules, as encountered in lyotropic liquid crystalline mixtures, the primary units in chromonics are the aromatic molecules (disc- or plank-like in shape). The molecular packing is favoured by pi-stacking interactions between flat molecules. They pile up in columns of different heights and the forces that drive this face-to-face adhesion of molecules are of enthalpic origin. The structure, phase diagrams, and physical properties of these mesophases are discussed.
Inorganic lyotropic liquid crystals
Authors: Dierking Ingo , Martins Figueiredo Neto Antônio
Published: June 2024

A range of different mineral-based are introduced, mainly distinguishing between rod-like and plate-like systems. Historically, vanadium pentoxide appears to be the first rod-like, inorganic particle system to have been studies with respect to liquid crystalline behaviour, already about a century ago. In the same rod-like particle category as vanadium pentoxide, also Aluminium oxyhydroxide, Lithium molybdenoselenite, as well as different forms of iron oxyhydroxide, and imogolite can be found. These are discussed with respect to liquid crystalline behaviour by providing the general structures and scanning microscopic images of their particle shape, together with textures and x-ray diffraction experiments. In the plate-like category a range of different clays like Montmorillonites like bentonite and laponite are introduced. Gibbsite is discussed in detail and further plate-like particle systems are demonstrated. The chapter is finalised by a discussion of mixtures between rods and plates.
Applications
Authors: Dierking Ingo , Martins Figueiredo Neto Antônio
Published: June 2024

Some of the characteristics of mixtures that present lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases give them unique properties. Among these characteristics we can stress the structures of the mesophases, phase transitions as a function of temperature and relative concentrations of the components, existence of direct and inverted phases, and in some structures one may observe large area to volume ratios and nanostructures with different electrical properties in the same basic unit. Some characteristics of lyotropics (e.g., selective reflection and texture) enable them to be employed as sensors of different kinds in the biomedical area. Another important characteristic of lyotropics is the possibility of preparing biocompatible mixtures, where aqueous mixtures are mainly employed for this purpose. In this chapter we discuss some applications of lyotropics in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries, and we will finish with some applications in nanotechnology.
Treat-to-target or high-intensity statin treatment in older adults with coronary artery disease: a post hoc analysis of the LODESTAR trial
Authors: Lee Seung-Jun , Lee Jin-Bae , Yang Tae-Hyun , Kang Woong Chol , Lee Jong-Young , Lee Yong-Joon , Hong Sung-Jin , Ahn Chul-Min , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Hong Bum-Kee , Choi Donghoon , Yoon Junghan , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong-Ki , Kwon H M , Kim J-Y , Min P K , Yoon Y W , Lee B K , Rim S-J , Choi E-Y , Oh P C , Kim K S , Choi J Y , Ryu J K , Kim C Y , Cho H-J , Ahn M-S , Ahn S G , Lee J-W , Son J-W , Yoon H-J , Lee C H , Hwang J , Cho Y-K , Hur S-H , Han S , Nam C-W , Kim H , Park H-S , Kim I-C , Cho Y-H , Jeong H-J , Kim J-H , Lim C , Suh Y , Hwang E S , Lee J H , Lee S Y , Kwon S U , Kim S-Y , Park K-H , Kim H K ,   for the LODESTAR investigators
Published: June 2024

Background

The optimal statin treatment strategy that is balanced for both efficacy and safety has not been clearly determined in older adults with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

In the post hoc analysis of the LODESTAR (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-targeting statin therapy versus intensity-based statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease) trial, the impact between a treat-to-target strategy versus a high-intensity statin therapy strategy was compared in older adults (aged 75 years or older). The goal of treat-to-target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was 50–70 mg/dl. The primary endpoint comprised the three-year composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke or coronary revascularisation.

Results

Among 4,400 patients with CAD enrolled in the LODESTAR trial, 822 (18.7%) were aged 75 years or older. Poor clinical outcomes and risk factors for atherosclerosis were more frequently observed in older adults than in younger population (<75 years old). Among these older adults with CAD, the prescription rate of high-intensity statin was significantly lower in the treat-to-target strategy group throughout the study period (P < 0.001). The mean LDL-C level for three years was 65 ± 16 mg/dl in the treat-to-target strategy group and 64 ± 18 mg/dl in the high-intensity statin group (P = 0.34). The incidence of primary endpoint occurrence was 10.9% in the treat-to-target strategy group and 12.0% in the high-intensity statin group (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.61–1.38, P = 0.69).

Conclusions

High-intensity statin therapy is theoretically more necessary in older adults because of worse clinical outcomes and greater number of risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, the primary endpoint occurrence with a treat-to-target strategy with an LDL-C goal of 50–70 mg/dl was comparable to that of high-intensity statin therapy and reduced utilisation of a high-intensity statin. Taking efficacy as well as safety into account, adopting a tailored approach may be considered for this high-risk population.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02579499.
Association of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Therapy With Blood Pressure and Sustained Hypertension in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammed , Burkholder Greer A , Judd Eric , Wang Zhixin , Colantonio Lisandro D , Ghazi Lama , Shimbo Daichi , Willig Amanda L , Overton Edgar T , Oparil Suzanne , Levitan Emily B , Heath Sonya L , Muntner Paul
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are a commonly used antiretroviral therapy (ART) class in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and associated with weight gain. We studied the association of INSTI-based ART with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP).

METHODS

We recruited 50 people taking INSTI-based ART and 40 people taking non-INSTI-based ART with HIV and hypertension from the University of Alabama at Birmingham HIV clinic. Office BP was measured unattended using an automated (AOBP) device. Awake, asleep, and 24-hour BP were measured through ambulatory BP monitoring. Among participants with SBP ≥130 mm Hg or DBP ≥80 mm Hg on AOBP, sustained hypertension was defined as awake SBP ≥130 mm Hg or DBP ≥80 mm Hg.

RESULTS

Mean SBP and DBP were higher among participants taking INSTI- vs. non-INSTI-based ART (AOBP-SBP/DBP: 144.7/83.8 vs. 135.3/79.3 mm Hg; awake-SBP/DBP: 143.2/80.9 vs. 133.4/76.3 mm Hg; asleep-SBP/DBP: 133.3/72.9 vs. 120.3/65.4 mm Hg; 24-hour-SBP/DBP: 140.4/78.7 vs. 130.0/73.7 mm Hg). After multivariable adjustment, AOBP, awake, asleep, and 24-hour SBP were 12.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.0–20.1), 9.8 (95% CI 3.6–16.0), 10.4 (95% CI 2.0–18.9), and 9.8 (95% CI 4.2–15.4) mm Hg higher among those taking INSTI- vs. non-INSTI-based ART, respectively. AOBP, awake, asleep, and 24-hour DBP were 7.5 (95% CI 0.3–14.6), 6.1 (95% CI 0.3–11.8), 7.5 (95% CI 1.4–13.6), and 6.1 (95% CI 0.9–11.3) mm Hg higher among those taking INSTI- vs. non-INSTI-based ART after multivariable adjustment. All participants had SBP ≥130 mm Hg or DBP ≥80 mm Hg on AOBP and 97.9% and 65.7% of participants taking INSTI- and non-INSTI-based ART had sustained hypertension, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

INSTI-based ART was associated with higher SBP and DBP than non-INSTI-based ART.
The effect of multiple types of workplace violence on burnout risk, sleep quality, and leaving intention among nurses
Authors: Pien Li-Chung , Cheng Yawen , Lee Fang-Chun , Cheng Wan-Ju
Published: June 2024

Objective

The aim of our study is to explore the associations between multiple types of workplace violence (WPV) and burnout risk, sleep problems, and leaving intention among nurses.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey recruited 1,742 nurses, and data on WPV experiences were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Work conditions, burnout risk scales, sleep quality, and leaving intentions were also evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations of WPV with burnout risk, sleep quality, and leaving intentions, adjusting for demographic characteristics and work conditions.

Results

The study found that 66.7% of nurses reported experience of WPV, with 26.9% experiencing both physical and nonphysical forms. Those who experienced multiple types of WPV reported worse work conditions, higher burnout risk, poorer sleep quality, and a stronger leaving intention compared to those without such experiences. Adjusting for working conditions, logistic regression analysis showed that nurses who experienced multiple types of WPV had 2.12-fold higher odds of high personal burnout risk, 2.36-fold higher odds of high client-related burnout risk, 1.95-fold higher odds of poor sleep quality, and 1.80-fold higher odds of high leaving intention, compared to those without WPV experiences.

Conclusions

Strategies by hospital managers and policymakers to monitor and reduce workplace violence are vital for sustaining nurses’ mental health, well-being, and preventing early attrition from the profession.
Morphological profiling for drug discovery in the era of deep learning
Authors: Tang Qiaosi , Ratnayake Ranjala , Seabra Gustavo , Jiang Zhe , Fang Ruogu , Cui Lina , Ding Yousong , Kahveci Tamer , Bian Jiang , Li Chenglong , Luesch Hendrik , Li Yanjun
Published: June 2024

Morphological profiling is a valuable tool in phenotypic drug discovery. The advent of high-throughput automated imaging has enabled the capturing of a wide range of morphological features of cells or organisms in response to perturbations at the single-cell resolution. Concurrently, significant advances in machine learning and deep learning, especially in computer vision, have led to substantial improvements in analyzing large-scale high-content images at high throughput. These efforts have facilitated understanding of compound mechanism of action, drug repurposing, characterization of cell morphodynamics under perturbation, and ultimately contributing to the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the field of morphological profiling. We summarize the image profiling analysis workflow, survey a broad spectrum of analysis strategies encompassing feature engineering– and deep learning–based approaches, and introduce publicly available benchmark datasets. We place a particular emphasis on the application of deep learning in this pipeline, covering cell segmentation, image representation learning, and multimodal learning. Additionally, we illuminate the application of morphological profiling in phenotypic drug discovery and highlight potential challenges and opportunities in this field.
FastBiCmrMLM: a fast and powerful compressed variance component mixed logistic model for big genomic case-control genome-wide association study
Authors: Wang Jing-Tian , Chang Xiao-Yu , Zhao Qiong , Zhang Yuan-Ming
Published: June 2024

Large sample datasets have been regarded as the primary basis for innovative discoveries and the solution to missing heritability in genome-wide association studies. However, their computational complexity cannot consider all comprehensive effects and all polygenic backgrounds, which reduces the effectiveness of large datasets. To address these challenges, we included all effects and polygenic backgrounds in a mixed logistic model for binary traits and compressed four variance components into two. The compressed model combined three computational algorithms to develop an innovative method, called FastBiCmrMLM, for large data analysis. These algorithms were tailored to sample size, computational speed, and reduced memory requirements. To mine additional genes, linkage disequilibrium markers were replaced by bin-based haplotypes, which are analyzed by FastBiCmrMLM, named FastBiCmrMLM-Hap. Simulation studies highlighted the superiority of FastBiCmrMLM over GMMAT, SAIGE and fastGWA-GLMM in identifying dominant, small α (allele substitution effect), and rare variants. In the UK Biobank-scale dataset, we demonstrated that FastBiCmrMLM could detect variants as small as 0.03% and with α ≈ 0. In re-analyses of seven diseases in the WTCCC datasets, 29 candidate genes, with both functional and TWAS evidence, around 36 variants identified only by the new methods, strongly validated the new methods. These methods offer a new way to decipher the genetic architecture of binary traits and address the challenges outlined above.