bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Instituição e Cobrança da Contribuição de Melhoria como Requisito Essencial da Responsabilidade na Gestão Fiscal: Uma Forma de Financiamento das Obras Públicas de Grande Vulto
Authors: Pinho Vitor Gonçalves
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo analisa a instituição e cobrança da contribuição de melhoria enquanto medida necessária ao exercício da gestão fiscal responsável, com base no art. 11 da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. Foi efetuada pesquisa junto a material bibliográfico, normas e jurisprudência, abordando os aspectos legais, principiológicos e financistas que legitimam a arrecadação do tributo. Considerou-se que o Estado detentor da respectiva competência tributária não adota, a contento, a sistemática de cobrança da contribuição de melhoria, arcando sozinho com o ônus da obra realizada, afetando destarte o equilíbrio das contas públicas. Em face da atual efervescência de obras públicas de grande porte no Ceará, muitas das quais voltadas para a Copa do Mundo de 2014, propôs-se que a tese aqui defendida fosse aplicada pela Administração estadual, com vistas à recomposição do Tesouro Público.
Jurisdição Constitucional Brasileira: O Papel dos Princípios Constitucionais na Construção do Direito pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Santos Isabella Karla Lima dos
Published: September 2018

O trabalho aborda o papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal diante da nova realidade da Jurisdição Constitucional brasileira, a qual prioriza uma Interpretação Constitucional mais valorativa, dando destaque aos Princípios, como forma de garantir o exercício dos Direitos Fundamentais previstos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Como guardião da constituição, o STF tem tido posicionamentos mais concretistas, garantindo o respeito aos Princípios Fundamentais da Ordem Jurídica brasileira, mesmo diante da inercia do Legislativo em exercer a sua função de editar leis integrativas infraconstitucionais para regulamentar normas constitucionais de eficacia limitada, isto e, que precisam de regulamentação para produzir todos os seus efeitos.
O Controle da Gestão dos Recursos Públicos: Bases Conceituais e o Falso Dilema “Regularidade Versus Resultados”
Authors: Bijos Paulo Roberto Simão
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta os fundamentos teóricos do controle, retratando-o, de início, como função administrativa organicamente articulada em uma estrutura piramidal de controle, constituída pelas instâncias de controles internos, auditoria interna e auditoria externa. Em paralelo, traca a distinção entre: controle e auditoria; controles internos e auditoria interna; e auditoria interna e auditoria externa. Adicionalmente, explora a conexão entre auditoria e os conceitos de teoria da agência, governança corporativa e accountability. Em particular, expõe os elementos centrais do sistema brasileiro de accountability horizontal, pertinente ao controle da gestão dos recursos públicos, com ênfase no modelo federal, e analisa a inter-relacão entre as principais vertentes desse sistema de controle, abrangendo o dilema regularidade x resultados.
Súmulas Relacionadas ao Controle Externo
Authors: Silva Clayton Costa da , Andrade Giovana de Albuquerque
Published: September 2018

Controle externo e o que se realiza por órgão distinto daquele responsável pelo ato controlado e visa a comprovar a probidade administrativa e a regularidade da guarda e do emprego dos bens, valores e dinheiros públicos, bem como a fiel execução do orçamento. Atualmente, o sistema de fiscalização governamental brasileiro esta estruturado a partir das disposições contidas nos arts. 70 a 75 da Carta Magna de 1988. Na execução dessas atividades, os órgãos de Controle Externo acabam por se deparar com situações controversas, que abrem margem para diversas interpretações dos dispositivos que regulam as atividades de controle. Assim, inicialmente, em virtude da inoperância judiciaria brasileira, fato social decorrente de inúmeros fatores sócio-organizacionais, sobretudo o grande número de processos e o diminuto número de magistrados, surgiu a fi gura da “Sumula”. Deste modo, objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, apresentar as principais Sumulas editadas pelo STF, STJ e TCU relacionadas ao tema controle externo. Para tanto, foi realizada inicialmente uma pesquisa documental, apresentando aspectos gerais pertinentes a fi gura das súmulas. Ademais, a pesquisa bibliográfica e empregada nos campos atinentes as súmulas relacionadas as normas de controle externo. Ressalte-se que o universo da pesquisa foram todas as súmulas editadas pelo STF, STJ e TCU. Apos a coleta, foram selecionadas as súmulas que tiveram mais repercussão nos meios de publicação. Ao término, foi possível identificar as principais súmulas editadas para efetivar o controle externo. Constatou-se, portanto, que o campo do Controle Externo também e uma área que demanda a edição de numerosas súmulas para a pacificação dos entendimentos. Nesse contexto, o TCU vem se destacando com a edição constante de súmulas, objetivando uniformizar os temas controversos. Algumas problemáticas chegaram ao STF, e, por fim, dois casos, ao STJ.
Licitações Diferenciadas para Microempresas e Empresas de Pequeno Porte – O Advendo da Lei Nº 13.706/2011 - Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Silva Clayton Rebello da
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de auxiliar na análise e discussão acerca da Lei no 13.706, de 06 de abril de 2011. Trata-se de legislação que tem por escopo os preceitos constantes na Lei Complementar no 123/2006, o denominado Estatuto Geral da Micro e da Pequena Empresa, decorrentes da Constituição da República, artigos 170 e 179. A analise ira se deter aos ditames relativos ao tratamento diferenciado e simplificado para as microempresas e para as pequenas empresas nas licitações públicas, incluindo-se também as cooperativas, a elas equiparadas por lei, no âmbito da Administração Pública Estadual. Nesse desiderato, percorremos, paralelamente, o instrumento normativo federal, Decreto no 6.204/2007, que regulamentou, naquele ente, o tratamento exigido pelo Estatuto Geral. Não nos furtaremos em apontar eventuais incongruências na novel normativa, ate mesmo porque se avizinha a implementação da sua regulamentação no âmbito estadual, conforme prevê artigo da própria lei.
Agreement between 2 raters’ evaluations of a traditional prosthodontic practical exam integrated with directly observed procedural skills in Egypt
Authors: Khalifa Ahmed Khalifa , Hegazy Salah
Published: September 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the agreement between 2 raters in evaluations of students on a prosthodontic clinical practical exam integrated with directly observed procedural skills (DOPS).Methods: A sample of 76 students was monitored by 2 raters to evaluate the process and the final registered maxillomandibular relation for a completely edentulous patient at Mansoura Dental School, Egypt on a practical exam of bachelor’s students from May 15 to June 28, 2017. Each registered relation was evaluated from a total of 60 marks subdivided into 3 score categories: occlusal plane orientation (OPO), vertical dimension registration (VDR), and centric relation registration (CRR). The marks for each category included an assessment of DOPS. The marks of OPO and VDR for both raters were compared using the graph method to measure reliability through Bland and Altman analysis. The reliability of the CRR marks was evaluated by the Krippendorff alpha ratio.Results: The results revealed highly similar marks between raters for OPO (mean= 18.1 for both raters), with close limits of agreement (0.73 and −0.78). For VDR, the mean marks were close (mean= 17.4 and 17.1 for examiners 1 and 2, respectively), with close limits of agreement (2.7 and −2.2). There was a strong correlation (Krippendorff alpha ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.79– 0.99) between the raters in the evaluation of CRR.Conclusion: The 2 raters’ evaluation of a clinical traditional practical exam integrated with DOPS showed no significant differences in the evaluations of candidates at the end of a clinical prosthodontic course. The limits of agreement between raters could be optimized by excluding subjective evaluation parameters and complicated cases from the examination procedure.
The Importance of Being a Reservist: The Royal Navy Reserve and the Highlands and Islands, c.1875–1939
Authors: Thomas Ben
Published: September 2018

In 1894, two-fifths of the men who served in the Royal Naval Reserves (RNR) were drawn from the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, despite the region containing only 0.5% of the total UK population. This was not an atypical spike in recruitment, however, but represents merely one moment in a relationship that lasted for nearly a century. Highlanders and Islanders had served in the RNR since its inception in 1859, and continued to do so in large numbers right up to the outbreak of war in 1939. This article explores the association between region and military institution that developed as a result, and the economic and social reasons that lay behind this. In doing so, it challenges the tendency for Scottish historians to focus overwhelmingly on questions of national identity when examining the British military. It also suggests that the historiography of the Highlands and Islands has focused too much on questions of land and land ownership, and not enough on the wider economic and social circumstances impacting on individual and community life across the region.
Event Design in Outdoor Music Festival Audience Behavior (A Critical Transformative Research Note)
Authors: Robertson Martin , Hutton Alison , Brown Steve
Published: September 2018

This work, a conceptual forward-looking article, examines the management of audiences at music festivals now and indicates a critical maneuver of focus for the future. The theoretical objectives and conclusions of a body of work by Robertson—discussing and then proposing future
models of festival leadership to support place and event sustainability—are applied to bodies of work by Hutton and colleagues, ranging from 2011 to 2017, and Brown and colleagues in 2012, 2013, and 2016. It is argued that a more holistic construct of civic responsibility will emerge
in what will necessarily be a postcocreative, coproductive future for many critical mass meeting experiences. Hutton and Brown provide vital insight as to how consideration of the social psychological domain of the outdoor music festival (OMF) audience is critical to a design of the experience
that is both experientially satisfying/fulfilling and, importantly, safe. This work uses literature related to festival management and critical transformation to propose a theoretical position arising from a construct of: transformative civic responsibility; social trust (as a component of
social capital); and positive psychology. The work considers the dynamics and importance of outdoor music festivals in turbulent socioeconomic times, and the potential limitations of a behaviorist approach to future music festival crowd management. A case study research project was undertaken
at a series of OMFs staged in South Australia and the results are used as examples of new forms of dynamic research for critical and turbulent times.
Knowledge Generation in Event Studies: What Can Doctoral Research Tell us About Evolution of the Field?
Authors: Lockstone-Binney Leonie
Published: September 2018

The growth path of event studies as an emergent field of study has been documented in a number of reviews and summations of the extant literature to study key topics of research interest, identify gaps in the prevailing research agenda, and map progress towards the field gaining academic
legitimacy. These studies have focused on the discourse as generally presented in academic journals. As a marker of maturity, no study has yet to examine the discipline bases, topics studied and methods applied in respect of doctoral research in the field. The current examination attempts
this, following a tradition of such studies in the related field of tourism. The study interrogated the abstracts of 41 Ph.D. theses conferred by Australian universities over a 20-year period from 1995 and 2015. Content analysis revealed tentative evidence of discipline development in terms
of the generation of event-specific knowledge and discipline integration, with sociology the dominant disciplinary influence informing the theses studied. Gaps and opportunities for further advancement of the field are identified.
An Exploratory Study of "Best Practice" in Environmentally Sustainable Event Management in Australian Public Events
Authors: Harris Rob , Schlenker Katie
Published: September 2018

This study seeks to provide insights into "best practice" in the area of environmentally sustainable event management in Australian public events. In performing this role, it aims to: determine forces acting to drive engagement with environmental management practices; identify the key
challenges event owners and managers face in seeking to adopt such practices; determine types of environmentally sustainable practices currently in use; establish how events are measuring their environmental performance; and identify those factors serving to facilitate or inhibit engagement
by events with an environmental agenda. The article begins with a literature review of research germane to the study, along with an overview of the methodology employed. Key findings emerging from the application of this methodology suggest that actions in this area: have increasingly become
an aspect of overall event planning; target multiple areas with the potential to generate environmental impacts; are driven primarily by organizer values and attendee and community expectations; and face constraints linked largely to the availability of resources, expertise, and time. This
article acknowledges that the planning and delivery of environmentally sustainable events has become one of the critical challenges facing public event management, and as such it seeks to make a meaningful contribution to both the growing academic literature in this area, and equally importantly,
to industry practice.
The Role of Festivals in Strengthening Social Capital in Rural Communities
Authors: Mair Judith , Duffy Michelle
Published: September 2018

Many regional and rural economies are suffering from serious economic decline. Small towns face considerable economic development challenges, including dwindling populations, limited employment opportunities, and a decline in the traditional agricultural sector. Tourism and events play
a significant role in regional strategies that seek to encourage economic diversification and tap into potential localized economic opportunities. Community events are commonly used by local government and other stakeholders to revitalize rural communities, and these events become tourism
products staged for commercial purposes, thus making substantial contributions to regional economies. However, although a festival model may be a successful means to activate both opportunities for economic development or regeneration as well as enhancing social connectedness through cultural
activities that often draw on local culture and history, festivals are also potentially divisive because of the social changes wrought by in-migration populations and their associate networks. This case study uses the Clunes Booktown Festival to address concerns about social inclusion, renewal,
and sustainability in rural regions. Drawing on the concept of social capital, this article examines the role of class and mobility to unpack the complex networks of mobile capital and their reshaping of rural places, and what this means in terms of community and belonging.
Comparative Global Perspectives of Event Management Education: Lessons from a Sino-German Double Degree Event Management Program
Authors: Werner Kim , Wang Chunlei , Gray Clare
Published: September 2018

The number of event management education programs offered by universities around the world is steadily increasing. However, most programs still focus on operational aspects and the project management of events and fail to consider the critical turn in event research that is currently
gathering momentum. Based on critical theory, this article uses a qualitative, intrinsic case study to critically discuss the development and evolution of a bilateral, Sino-German event management education program over 13 years, including an outline of its future direction. Twenty-one semistructured
interviews with lecturers, students, and alumni were conducted. Thematic analysis, a method that searches for themes in qualitative data, was used for data analysis. The findings demonstrate how the program gradually matured and developed from an operational focus—with a strong emphasis
on exporting (business) event expertise from Germany to China—to its current state, where lecturers from two equal partner universities offer a variety of courses, critically discussing cultural, economic, social, and environmental event issues with students and peers. The findings can
guide future critical research on event management education and assist other universities when implementing international cooperation with partner universities in different countries.
Pink is the New Gray: Events as Agents of Social Change
Authors: Ong Faith , Goh Sandra
Published: September 2018

Events become meaningful through the symbolism and affective outcomes associated with participation. They can become mediators of social change, inspiring thought and critique through participation, and changing society and social structures. Challenges to the norm are often characterized
by the violence of wresting power, but other forms of peaceful change making are also achievable through planned events. This case study examines the myriad ways in which a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community event challenges Singaporean society's conceptualization of
identity, extending the bounds of comfort and acceptance to enact social change. Pink Dot—a 1-day gathering in support of the LGBT community—grew out of the community's pursuit for openness and inclusivity. It champions social exchange and network building while asserting the LGBT
community's legal right to equality. The case study made use of secondary data as a basis for examining Pink Dot's impact as a critical event in the realm of social change. It found that while Pink Dot was strong in enabling general acknowledgment of the LGBT community and broad social acceptance,
the event was limited in its ability to influence the eradication of discriminatory laws, impeding progress toward equality. The findings contribute to the literature on social cause engagement, while extending understanding of critical events as agents of change. This article also develops
a conceptual framework to evaluate the efficacy of using events as agents of social change and encourage further debates and modification of the framework in other contexts.
HOW CAN UNIVERSITY LEARNING ENVIRONMENT CONTRIBUTE TO STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY? LITHUANIAN STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Burkšaitienė Nijolė
Published: September 2018

Students’ creativity has been increasingly researched in higher education. Until recently, however, empirical studies investigating students’ views of how universities can contribute to the development of their creativity have been rare. The present study aims to investigate how university learning environment can contribute to undergraduate philology students’ creativity as seen by the students themselves. The data were collected through questionnaires and analysed using qualitative research method of content analysis.

The general conclusion of this study is that the study participants consider that universities can foster their students’ creativity in some ways. Firstly, they think that university curriculum should contain assignments aimed at developing student creativity. Prominent among the findings was the students’ belief that their university teachers are important contributors to this process. Besides, the students considered that their creativity can be developed by introducing a special study subject, by enhancing their transferable skills, and that more collaborative learning and special university events could make an impact on their creativity. On the other hand, the results of the present study have also revealed some challenges that call for further research.
PECREATIVITY | PEOPLE ECONOMY CITY: THE CASE OF LONDON AS A PROACTIVE INVESTIGATION TOOL
Authors: Bonifati Giuliana
Published: September 2018

The current historical context is characterised by a significant change in the economic and social fields that have led to the development of the economy of creativity and knowledge. This condition has laid the basis for the rise of a new social class. This radical change in the productive paradigm has started a series of modifications to urban spaces, setting in place a rooted change in the fabric of the city.The objective of this paper is to understand and interpret the nature of the changes under way and to investigate how what occurred in economic and social fields influenced the processes of urban regeneration. Starting from a theoretical background it will examine the concept of creativity applied to economics and social sciences. Secondly, by identifying the urban environment of London as a case study, it will analyze single cases that will show the root of these practices within urban spaces. The purpose of it will be verified by the possibility of building urban transformation strategies that use creativity as the tool of change.
CITIES AS CENTRES OF CREATIVITY IN THE EAST-CENTRAL EUROPEAN NATION BUILDING
Authors: Mester Béla
Published: September 2018

This paper offers an overview of the philosophical reflections for the change of structure of the scholar public sphere in the 18th and 19th centuries, focussed on the Hungarian examples, with the idea of urbanity in the centre. After the overview of the Scottish Enlightenment, and the Kantian and Herderian approaches, it will be discussed the Hungarian case, within and after the controversy on Immanuel Kant (1792–1822). The topic of urbanitas was often touched both as an ideal-typical environment of the philosophical activity, and the real environment of the authors under conditions of an industrialised machinery of the cultural production. The next topic is the specific features of the same turn of the structure of the scholar communication in East-Central Europe, where the change of the languages of the publications has characteristic consequences and the gap between the spheres of the school philosophy and the public philosophy was deeper. The features of the specialities of the philosophies of East-Central Europe in their self-understanding within the new context after the communicational turn is the last topic, focussed on the Hungarian case, especially on the usage of the concept of urbanity in the Hungarian creative discourse about the public philosophy, and national philosophy.
PATTERNS OF INEQUALITY OF LITHUANIAN REGIONS
Authors: Maknickienė Nijolė , Lapinskaitė Indrė , Miečinskienė Algita , Skačkauskienė Ilona
Published: September 2018

Though a country᾽s economy is growing, separate regional development disparities could be even more significant. This paper aims to identify the situation of inequality of Lithuania᾽s regions, taking into consideration the most important factors of regional economic growth and investments. Evaluation of regions by 15 criteria is carried out by a ranking method. Results show a big disparity between regions. Significant Spearman correlation is found between FDI and total investment with all investigated group of factors of economic growth in the group of City Municipalities, but in the group of District Municipalities, it differs. Four scenarios for regional policy formation were distinguished.
New Constraints on the Major Neutron Source in Low-mass AGB Stars
Authors: Liu Nan , Gallino Roberto , Cristallo Sergio , Bisterzo Sara , Davis Andrew M. , Trappitsch Reto , Nittler Larry R.
Published: September 2018

We compare updated Torino postprocessing asymptotic giant branch (AGB) nucleosynthesis model calculations with isotopic compositions of mainstream SiC dust grains from low-mass AGB stars. Based on the data-model comparison, we provide new constraints on the major neutron source, 13C(α, n)16O in the He-intershell, for the s-process. We show that the literature Ni, Sr, and Ba grain data can only be consistently explained by the Torino model calculations that adopt the recently proposed magnetic-buoyancy-induced 13C-pocket. This observation provides strong support to the suggestion of deep mixing of H into the He-intershell at low 13C concentrations as a result of efficient transport of H through magnetic tubes.
Photosynthesis on a Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf: Enhanced Effectiveness during Flares
Authors: Mullan D. J. , Bais H. P.
Published: September 2018

On planets near M dwarfs, oxygenic photosynthesis (PS) will occur with an effectiveness that depends on the supply of visible photons with wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm. In this paper, we quantify the effectiveness of PS in two contexts that are relevant for M dwarfs. First, using photons from an M dwarf in its quiescent (nonflaring) state, we find that PS on an M dwarf planet in the habitable zone (HZ) of its parent star is less effective than on Earth by a factor of 10 for a flare star with mid-M spectral type. For a flare star with late-M spectral type, PS effectiveness (PSE) is smaller than on Earth by a factor of 100 or more. Second, using photons that are incident on the HZ planet during flares, we find that PSE can increase by factors of 5–20 above the quiescent values. In the case of a flare star with mid-M spectral type, we find that the PSE during a flare can increase up to as much as 50%–60% of the values on Earth. However, for a late-M flare star, even during flares, the PSE remains almost one order of magnitude smaller than on Earth. We suggest that for biological processes on M dwarf planets, the stellar activity cycle may replace the orbital period as the “year.”
The realized absorptive capacity: The process of transformation and exploitation of knowledge. A study in two scenarios, Colombia and Brazil
Authors: Perez Elkin , Toro Jaramillo Ivan Dario
Published: September 2018

Purpose: The transformation and exploitation of knowledge are part of the absorptive capacity carried out. The article presents, from a linear regression model, the analysis of these two dimensions in 155 organizations in Brazil and 61 in Colombia.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology uses analysis of variance method and a linear regression model. The findings and Conclusions suggest the existence of a positive linear correlation between transformation and exploitation of external knowledge inside the studied organizations.Findings: The analysis of variance method and a linear regression model applied to a sample of 61 Colombian SMEs (Dane, 2012) and 155 SMEs of Brazilian ones (IBGE, 2011), results showed the existence of a positive linear correlation between the variables “transformation” and “exploitation” of knowledge, which shows interdependence between these two dimensions that make up the realized absorptive capacity.Practical implications: Research helps to show that if a high level of development of the capacity of knowledge transformation leads to a high level of organizational knowledge exploitation is verified.Originality/value: The empirical demonstration of the relationship between the dimensions that are part of the absorption capacity carried out, has been very little proven in the world. The research presents the first measurement that in organizations of Brazil and Colombia is carried out on the absorption capacity carried out.
The use of ozone as a driver for economic and environmental sustainable development
Authors: Remondino Marco
Published: September 2018

Sustainability, as a scientific concept, is multidisciplinary and very wide topic. Sustainable development bases its strategies not simply on the concept of growth, but rather on that of optimisation, around three main principles: ecosystem integrity, economic efficiency and social equity. The purpose of this paper, after an introduction about the concept of sustainability in general and as a strategy for the enterprises, is to discuss the potential of the use of ozone in different field, as a source of sustainable development, according to two of those principles, i.e. economic and environmental. In the first part, the concept of sustainability will be investigated in deep, with a managerial point of view, while the second part of the work will briefly analyse the current state of the arts of the uses of ozone, with also some practical examples. Finally, the discussion will take care of the reasons why the use of ozone, in several fields, could be considered as a driver for sustainability.
Ozone therapy is an effective therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome: result of an Italian study in 65 patients
Authors: Tirelli Umberto , Cirrito Cinzia , Pavanello Martina
Published: September 2018

The terms chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis describe a complex physical illness characterized by debilitating fatigue, post-exertional malaise, pain, cognitive problems, sleep dysfunction and an array of other immune, neurological and autonomic symptoms. At the MEDE Clinic of Sacile, Italy, from February 2016 to December 2017, we have treated 65 patients, with auto hemo transfusion, according to the Scientific Society of Oxygen Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) protocols, twice a week for one month and twice a month as maintenance therapy. In conclusion, at our knowledge this is the largest study of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome treated with ozone therapy. Oxygen ozone therapy is an effective therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. However, more patients are needed and in particular a longer follow up is a necessary. In the meantime, ozone therapy seems a treatment that, also because without any side effect, is possible to be proposed to patients with chronic fatigue syndrome that are not obtaining sufficient results from available therapy.
Fostering viability and sustainability of small and medium enterprises: Determining the true beneficiaries of university research output
Authors: Nani Gwendoline V.
Published: September 2018

Orientation: The focus of this study was dissemination of university research output to small and medium enterprises.Research purpose: This study sought to determine the true beneficiaries of research output.Motivation of the study: Situations occur where research was conducted, but the purported beneficiaries did not receive feedback.Research design, approach and method: A case survey approach involving 80 lecturers from the Faculty of Commerce of one public university in Zimbabwe was utilised. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to elicit responses from academic researchers. Analysis of quantitative data was done through frequencies, percentages, cross tabulations and Pearson chi-square tests. Qualitative data were analysed thematically.Main findings: The findings revealed that only 36.92% had conducted studies on small and medium enterprises (SMEs), while the remaining 63.08% had conducted other studies not related to SMEs. Out of the 36.92% of the respondents who had conducted studies on SMEs, 41.67% had not disseminated their results to the targeted beneficiaries. The study concluded that dissemination of research output for practical use seemed not to be a priority for some academic researchers. Non-distribution of results by academics indicated underlying challenges.Practical/managerial implications: The study recommended that researchers should be reminded of the importance of conveying their findings for practical use and responsible authorities should encourage the dissemination of research output through the provision of incentives and support systems.Contribution/value-add: The study identified a dearth of research on who benefits if research studies are conducted on SMEs but the results are not disseminated to them and thus attempted to address this gap.
The concept of chosen people in the construction and maintenance of Jewish identity
Authors: Van Niekerk Brimadevi
Published: September 2018

Jews, as a group, are able to withstand the disintegrative forces of modernity by upholding certain notions of self-identification which are rooted in their ancestral and religious history. One such notion around which Jews have formed their identity is the concept of chosen people which lends credence to their sense of belonging. However, the concept of chosenness may be offensive to those who are not Jews. The aim of this article, therefore, is to examine what may be considered objectionable about the concept, to explain its persistence in the world and to explore the foundations on which Jews, a minority group of people, have formed their identity. Although many researchers now understand the concept of chosen people from the perspective of history, nations and nationalisms, ethnicities and myth, there has been little sustained critique in the religious dimension of identity. This article attempts to make a contribution to the work on religious identity of Jews in South Africa by drawing on literature in history, sociology and religion. The article concludes that chosenness, because it can be as onerous to Jews as it is beneficial, need not necessarily imply superiority and that claims to being chosen are rhetorical and not verifiable outside the discourse in which such claims are made.
Геометрия вербальных уравнений в простых алгебраических группах над специальными полями
Authors: Gordeev Nikolai Leonidovich , Kunyavskii Boris Emmanuilovich , Plotkin Eugene Bоrisovich
Published: September 2018

Данная статья содержит обзор последних достижений в исследовании вербальных уравнений в простых матричных группах и полиномиальных уравнений в простых матричных алгебрах (ассоциативных и лиевых), а также некоторые новые результаты относительно образов вербальных отображений на алгебраических группах, определенных над специальными полями: комплексным, вещественным, $p$-адическими (или близкими к таковым) или конечными.
Библиография: 174 названия.
Производные некоммутативные схемы, геометрические реализации и конечномерные алгебры
Authors: Orlov Dmitri Olegovich
Published: September 2018

Основная цель данной статьи - описать различные явления и некоторые конструкции, возникающие в процессе изучения производных некоммутативных схем. Производные некоммутативные схемы определяются как дифференциально-градуированные категории специального вида. Мы обсуждаем различные свойства как самих некоммутативных схем, так и морфизмов между ними. Кроме этого, вводится понятие геометрической реализации для производной некоммутативной схемы и обсуждаются вопросы существования и построения таких реализаций. В статье также изучаются конструкции склейки некоммутативных схем вдоль морфизмов и рассматриваются различные новые феномены, возникающие в мире некоммутативных схем и позволяющие находить новые некоммутативные схемы, такие как фантомы, квазифантомы и партнеры Крулля-Шмидта. В последних разделах рассматриваются некоммутативные схемы, связанные с базисными конечномерными алгебрами. Мы доказываем, что такие некоммутативные схемы имеют специальные геометрические реализации, при которых алгебра переходит в векторное расслоение на гладкой проективной схеме. Такие реализации строятся в два шага, первый из которых - это известная конструкция Ауслендера, а второй шаг связан с новым понятием хорошо сформированной квазинаследственной алгебры, для которой строятся выделенные геометрические реализации, переводящие стандартные модули в линейные расслоения.
Библиография: 50 названий.
Exploring the potential of nano-Köhler theory to describe the growth of atmospheric molecular clusters by organic vapors using cluster kinetics simulations
Authors: Kontkanen Jenni , Olenius Tinja , Kulmala Markku , Riipinen Ilona
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) occurs by the
formation of nanometer-sized molecular clusters and their subsequent growth
to larger particles. NPF involving sulfuric acid, bases and oxidized organic
compounds is an important source of atmospheric aerosol particles. One of the
mechanisms suggested to depict this process is nano-Köhler theory, which
describes the activation of inorganic molecular clusters to growth by a
soluble organic vapor. In this work, we studied the capability of
nano-Köhler theory to describe the initial growth of atmospheric
molecular clusters by simulating the dynamics of a cluster population in the
presence of a sulfuric acid–base mixture and an organic compound. We
observed nano-Köhler-type activation in our simulations when the
saturation ratio of the organic vapor and the ratio between organic and
inorganic vapor concentrations were in a suitable range. However,
nano-Köhler theory was unable to predict the exact size at which the
activation occurred in the simulations. In some conditions, apparent cluster
growth rate (GR) started to increase close to the activation size determined
from the simulations. Nevertheless, because the behavior of GR is also
affected by other dynamic processes, GR alone cannot be used to deduce the
cluster growth mechanism.
Carboxylic acids from limonene oxidation by ozone and OH radicals: Insights into mechanisms derived using a FIGAERO-CIMS
Authors: Hammes Julia , Lutz Anna , Mentel Thomas , Faxon Cameron , Hallquist Mattias
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This work presents the results from flow reactor studies on the formation of carboxylic acids from limonene oxidation under various conditions. A High Resolution Time Of Flight acetate Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer (HR – TOF – CIMS) was used in combination with the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) to measure the carboxylic acid profile in the gas and particle phases. The results revealed that limonene oxidation produced large amounts of carboxylic acids which are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The highest 10 acids contributed 56–91 % to the total gas-phase signal and the dominant gas-phase species in most experiments were C8H12O4, C9H14O4, C7H10O4 and C10H16O3. The particle-phase composition was generally more complex than the gas-phase composition and the highest 10 acids contributed 47–92 % to the total signal. The dominant species in the particle phase were C8H12O5, C9H14O5, C9H12O5 and C10H16O4. The measured concentrations of dimers in the particle phase were very low, indicating that acidic dimers play a minor role in SOA formation via ozone/OH oxidation of limonene. Spearman correlation analysis of the produced carboxylic acid species and experimental parameters were helpful in interpreting the results. Based on the various experimental conditions, the acidic composition for all experiments were modelled using the Master Chemical Mechanisms (MCM). Significant concentrations of 11 acids, from a total of 16 acids, included in MCM were measured with the CIMS. However, the model predictions were, in some cases, inconsistent with the measurement results, especially in the case of the OH dependence. Reaction mechanisms are suggested to fill-in the knowledge gaps. Based on the mechanisms proposed in this work, nearly 75 % of the qualitative gas-phase signal of the low concentration (ppb converted), humid, mixed oxidant experiment can be explained.
Influence of cloud microphysical processes on black
carbon wet removal, global distributions, and radiative
forcing
Authors: Xu Jiayu , Zhang Jiachen , Liu Junfeng , Yi Kan , Xiang Songlin , Hu Xiurong , Wang Yuqing , Tao Shu , Ban-Weiss George
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Parameterizations that impact wet removal of black carbon remain uncertain in global climate models. In this study, we enhance the default wet deposition scheme for BC in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to (a) add relevant physical processes that were not resolved in the default model, and (b) facilitate understanding of the relative importance of various cloud processes on BC distributions. We find that the enhanced scheme greatly improves model performance against HIPPO observations relative to the default scheme. We find that convection scavenging, aerosol activation, ice nucleation, evaporation of rain/snow, and below cloud scavenging dominate wet deposition of BC. BC conversion rates for processes related to in-cloud water/ice conversion (i.e., riming, the Bergeron processes, and evaporation of cloud water sedimentation) are relatively smaller, but have large seasonal variations. We also conduct sensitivity simulations that turn off each cloud process one at a time to quantify the influence of cloud processes on BC distributions and radiative forcing. Convective scavenging is found to most significantly influence BC concentrations at mid-altitudes over the tropics and even globally. In addition, BC is sensitive to all cloud processes over the Northern Hemisphere at high latitudes. As for BC vertical distributions, convective scavenging has a dominant influence. Aerosol activation mainly increases the fraction of column BC below 5 km whereas ice nucleation decreases that above 10 km. During wintertime, the Bergeron process also significantly increases BC concentrations at lower altitudes over the Arctic. Our simulation yields a global BC burden of 85 Gg; corresponding direct radiative forcing (DRF) of BC estimated using the Parallel Offline Radiative Transfer (PORT) is 0.13 W m−2, much lower than previous studies. The range of DRF derived from sensitivity simulations is large, 0.09–0.33 W m−2, corresponding to BC burdens varying from 73 Gg to 151 Gg. Due to differences in BC vertical distributions among each sensitivity simulation, fractional changes in DRF (relative to the baseline simulation) are always higher than fractional changes in BC burdens; this occurs because relocating BC in the vertical influences the radiative forcing per BC mass. Our results highlight the influences of cloud microphysical processes on BC concentrations and radiative forcing.
The oceanic cycle of carbon monoxide and its emissions to the atmosphere
Authors: Conte Ludivine , Szopa Sophie , Séférian Roland , Bopp Laurent
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The ocean is a source of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO), a key component for the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. It constitutes a minor source at the global scale, but could play an important role far from continental anthropized emission zones. To date, this natural source is estimated with large uncertainties, especially because the processes driving the oceanic CO are related to the biological productivity and can thus have a large spatial and temporal variability. Here we use the NEMO-PISCES (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean, Pelagic Interaction Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies) ocean general circulation and biogeochemistry model to dynamically assess the oceanic CO budget and its emission to the atmosphere at the global scale. The main bio-chemical sources and sinks of oceanic CO are explicitly represented in the model. The sensitivity to different parameterizations is assessed. In combination to the model, we present here the first compilation of literature reported in situ oceanic CO data, collected around the world during the last 50 years. The main processes driving the CO concentration are photoproduction and bacterial consumption and are estimated to 19.2 and 21.9 Tg C yr−1 respectively with our best-guess modelling setup. There are however very large uncertainties on their respective magnitude. Despite the scarcity of the in situ CO measurements in terms of spatio-temporal coverage, the proposed best simulation is able to represent most of the data (~ 300 points) within a factor of two. Overall, the global emissions of CO to the atmosphere are 3.6 Tg C yr−1, in the range of recent estimates, but very different from the ones published by Erickson in 1989, which were the only gridded global emission available to date. These oceanic CO emission maps are relevant for use by atmospheric chemical models, especially to study the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere above the remote ocean.
Pipes to Earth's subsurface: the role of atmospheric conditions in controlling air transport through boreholes and shafts
Authors: Levintal Elad , Lensky Nadav G. , Mushkin Amit , Weisbrod Noam
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Understanding air exchange dynamics between underground
cavities (e.g., caves, mines, boreholes, etc.) and the atmosphere is
significant for the exploration of gas transport across the
Earth–atmosphere interface. Here, we investigated the role of atmospheric
conditions in controlling air transport inside boreholes using in situ field
measurements. Three geometries were explored: (1) a narrow and deep shaft
(0.1 m wide and 27 m deep), ending in a large underground cavity; (2) the same
shaft after the pipe was lowered and separated from the cavity; and (3) a deep
large-diameter borehole (59 m deep and 3.4 m wide). Absolute humidity was found to be a
reliable proxy for distinguishing between atmospheric and cavity air masses
(mainly during the winter and spring seasons) and thus to explore air transport
through the three geometries. Airflow directions in the first two
narrow-diameter geometries were found to be driven by changes in barometric
pressure, whereas airflow in the large-diameter geometry was correlated
primarily with the diurnal cycles of ambient atmospheric temperature. CO2
concentrations of ∼2000 ppm were found in all three
geometries, indicating that airflow from the Earth's subsurface into the
atmosphere may also be significant in the investigation of greenhouse gas emissions.
A segmentation approach for the reproducible extraction and quantification of knickpoints from river long profiles
Authors: Gailleton Boris , Mudd Simon M. , Clubb Fiona J. , Peifer Daniel , Hurst Martin D.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Changes in the steepness of river profiles or abrupt vertical steps (i.e. waterfalls) are thought to be indicative of changes in erosion rates, lithology, or other factors that affect landscape evolution. These changes are referred to as knickpoints or knickzones and are pervasive in bedrock river systems. Such features are thought to reveal information about landscape evolution and patterns of erosion, and therefore their locations are often reported in the geomorphic literature. It is imperative that studies reporting knickpoints and knickzones use a reproducible method of quantifying their locations, as their number and spatial distribution play an important role in interpreting tectonically active landscapes. In this contribution we introduce a reproducible knickpoint and knickzone extraction algorithm that uses river profiles transformed by integrating drainage area along channel length (the so-called integral or χ method). The profile is then statistically segmented and the differing slopes and step changes in elevations of these segments are used to identify knickpoints and knickzones, and their relative magnitudes. The output locations of identified knickpoints and knickzones compare favourably with human mapping: we test the method on Santa Cruz Island, CA, using previously reported knickzones and also test the method against a new dataset from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. The algorithm allows extraction of varying knickpoint morphologies, including stepped, positive slope-breaks (concave upward) and negative slope-break knickpoints. We identify parameters that most affect the resulting knickpoint and knickzone locations, and provide guidance for both usage and outputs of the method to produce reproducible knickpoint datasets.