bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Evaluation of Abnormal Hepatic Nodules Detected Radiologically and On Gross Examination of Hepatectomy Specimens and Their Relationship with Alpha Fetoprotein Levels
Authors: Mavra Akhtar  , Shahila Jaleel  , Nausheen Hina  , Uzma Shaheen  , Fareeha shahid  , Madiha Ehsanulhaq
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of abnormal nodules in Hepatectomy specimens and to evaluate the frequency of elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in abnormal hepatic nodules.
Methodology: A Descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2021 to July 2022 in the Department of Histopathology, Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, A non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. A total of 60 Hepatectomy samples taken from liver explants were included and data was analyzed by SPSS version 23. A chi-square test with a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean age of patients was 47.33±14.74 years. There were 46 (76.67%) male and 14 (23.33%) female patients. On the frequency of etiology, 30 (50.00%) had viral etiology, 05 (8.33%) autoimmune, 06 (10.00%) cryptogenic, 03 (5.00%) NASH, 05 (8.33%) fibrolamellar CA, 07 (11.67%) bud chiari syndrome and 04 (6.67%) liver disease (Figure 4). There were 15 (25.00%) patients with elevated AFP levels. Abnormal nodules were present in 47 (78.33%) patients. On frequency of type of nodules, 11 (23.40%) macro-regenerative nodules, 04 (8.51%) FNH nodules, 06 (12.77%) adenoma nodules, 06 (12.77%) dysplastic nodules (SCC), 08 (17.02%) dysplastic nodules (LCC) and 12 (25.53%) hepatocellular carcinoma.
Conclusion: Viral causes are commonest in liver explant samples. The common histopathological finding was that HCC was identified in 25.53% of cases, and macro-regenerative nodules were identified in 23.40% of patients.
NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS IN CARDIAC NOCICEPTION-INDUCED REFLEXES FROM THE HEART: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Basak Asim Kumar
Published: January 2025

The heart is considered an important reflexogenic organ and the stimulation of   cardiac nociceptors is responsible for the elicitation of different cardiogenic reflexes. Most likely this is the basic reason behind different clinical   presentations associated with heart failure, or myocardial infarction (MI).   Clinically, heart failure due to myocardial ischemia is associated with  bradycardia, hypotension, urge to pass urine, and stool. It is well established that   different chemical substances like lactic acid, prostaglandins, bradykinin, and   K+, are released during myocardial ischemia which, in turn, is responsible for the elicitation of cardiac pain that may result in different visceral and somatic   reflexes. So, understanding the basic physiological mechanism behind such   clinical association between cardiac ischemia-induced heart failure may help     clinicians manage this fatal condition. This paper presents a comprehensive   review on neurophysiological basis of different clinical presentations associated   with MI-induced heart failure. The review also analyses the neural pathway for   different cardiogenic reflexes which are associated with different clinical signs   or symptoms associated with cardiac failure and thereby may be responsible for   the diagnosis of early heart failure.
ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF SAUDI POPULATION ABOUT ORGAN DONATION
Authors: Sayed Suheir A M , Altalhi Ibhar , Almalki Nouf , Alsayali Hams , Alotaibi Atheer , Alharthi Wejdan , Algethami Thekra , Matyory Mesbah
Published: January 2025

Organ donation is a charitable act that saves lives by addressing organ failure. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of the Saudi population regarding organ donation. A descriptive community-based study was conducted across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), targeting Saudi males and females aged 18 to 60 years from different regions. Data were collected from 702 participants using an online questionnaire.Among the respondents, 83.5% (586) were aged 18-30 years, 90% (632) were females, and 67.9% (477) were from the Western region. Social media was the most common source of organ donation information (88.2%), followed by family and friends. Only 14 participants (2%) reported having donated organs, while 17.8% (125) had registered as organ donors. Knowledge about organ donation was limited: 21.1% knew that organ transplantation can be performed at any age, and 55.4% were aware that Islam permits organ donation.
INTERACTION EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITIES AND PRIMING ON PLANT DRY WEIGHT AND RELATIVE GROWTH RATE OF TWO GENOTYPES OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Khatoon Sanjeeda , Singh Amar , Gupta Dara Singh
Published: January 2025

A comparative interactive study on the effect of hydro- and halo-priming and   light intensity [100, 70 and 50%] on plant dry weight and relative growth rate   (RGR) of two wheat genotypes [WR-544 and DBW-187] was undertaken at  Ranchi (India). Distilled water was used for hydro-priming; whereas K and Mg  salts viz., KCl, KH2PO4, Mg(NO3)2 and MgSO4 @ 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%,   respectively, were used for halo-priming. The mosquito net covered over iron    frame was used for creating 70% light (21000 lux) while muslin cloth was used   for creating 50% light (15000 lux) intensities. The light intensity in open field   condition was considered as 100% light (30000 lux). The 100% light intensity showed better plant growth in later plant growth period in both the varieties   which was more prominent from 1st to 4th harvests. The higher light intensity  interacted with hydro- and halo-primed plants at all test concentrations revealed   better plant dry weight in both the varieties even in un-primed seed plants. The  genotype ‘WR-544’ at 5th harvest in 100% light intensity + 1.5% Mg(NO3)2  treatment showed maximum plant growth. The RGR showed a fluctuating trend  between the harvests in both the varieties. Maximum RGR was observed in early   harvest of plant growth which later showed a diminishing trend with least value   in last harvests in all treatment under variable light intensities in both genotypes.
A COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN EXPERT SCREENING APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZING THE TRANSDERMAL DONEPEZIL DELIVERY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Rajasekhar Bariki , Chinthaginjala Haranath
Published: January 2025

Transdermal patches offer a significant advantage for systemic Donepezil (DPZ) absorption by bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism, which otherwise produces inactive Donepezil N-oxide and other hydroxylated metabolites. These patches enable the controlled and continuous release of medication into the bloodstream through intact skin over an extended period.This study aimed to develop and characterize DPZ transdermal patches using a central composite design. The patches were prepared with PVP K30, HPMC K15, and modified chitosan through the solvent-casting technique. The central composite design generated by Design Expert software was used to analyze the impact of independent variables on the response.FTIR analysis was conducted to examine DPZ-excipient interactions. The formulations of Donepezil transdermal patches (DTDP) demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, including appearance, thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance (FE), elongation at break, DPZ content, moisture content, and tensile strength. Among the formulations, DTDP-11 exhibited the highest DPZ release at 8, 16, and 24 hours.The patches were flexible, with a breakpoint at 161 folds. Tensile strength across all batches ranged between 0.422 and 0.433 mg cm⁻² h⁻¹, and the moisture content was within acceptable limits. In vitro testing confirmed consistent DPZ permeation across all patches, with DTDP-11 showing the best performance, indicating enhanced DPZ release.The study concluded that using HPMC K15 (125 mg), PVP K30 (40 mg), and modified chitosan (65.9 mg) effectively facilitated prolonged permeation and flexibility in DPZ transdermal patches.
ASSESSMENT OF Mycobacterium paratuberculosis BIO-LOAD IN PATIENTS SUFFERING WITH THYROID AND ARTHRITIS DISORDERS USING MULTIPLE TESTS
Authors: Rajput Sheetal , Gupta Saurabh
Published: January 2025

Johne's disease in ruminants is caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), which has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn's disease in humans. Milk from infected ruminants is considered the primary source of transmission. This study aimed to estimate the presence of MAP in clinical samples (blood and serum) from confirmed thyroid and arthritis cases. Samples were collected from the Community Healthcare Center, Bhangel campus, Noida NCR region, India.A total of 111 blood samples (76 thyroid and 35 arthritis) were collected and analyzed using IS900 blood PCR, indigenous ELISA, and TaqMan probe qPCR IS1311 PCR_REA. Among the serum samples, 19 (17.1%) tested positive for MAP antibodies via ELISA (thyroid: 18.4%; arthritis: 14.2%). For the blood samples, MAP was detected in 10.8% and 11.7% of cases using IS900 PCR and TaqMan probe qPCR, respectively.The bio-incidence of MAP in thyroid patients ranged from 9.2–14.2%, while in arthritis patients it ranged from 10.5–14.2%, as determined by IS900 PCR and TaqMan probe qPCR. A substantial agreement was observed between ELISA and PCR results. Molecular strain typing using IS1311 PCR_REA identified the prevalent biotype as the ‘Indian Bison type.’This study suggests moderate exposure of the human population to MAP in the Noida NCR region. The presence of the ‘Indian Bison type’ biotype indicates a potential zoonotic transmission pathway from cattle products to humans. To validate these findings, further research with larger cohorts of thyroid and arthritis patients is recommended.
Complejidad y adopción de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa en Estudiantes que asistieron al verano de investigación, 2024.
Authors: Meza Fragoso Juan Antonio , Flores Sánchez Carlos Alberto , Sifuentes Ocegueda Ana Teresa
Published: January 2025

Este estudio explora la influencia del Chat Gpt en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios dentro de un taller de estadística aplicada en el reciente verano de investigación, evaluando cómo su integración afecta los resultados educativos. Se empleó una metodología mixta que combinó cuestionarios para evaluar el uso y percepción de Chat Gpt y análisis cuantitativos para determinar su impacto en el rendimiento académico. Los resultados indican que Chat Gpt mejora significativamente la comprensión de contenidos y el rendimiento académico, con una notable mejora en la retención de información y calificaciones más altas en comparación con los estudiantes que no utilizaron la herramienta. Sin embargo, los desafíos identificados incluyen la necesidad de habilidades digitales avanzadas y preocupaciones sobre la precisión de la información generada. Las conclusiones sugieren que, aunque el Chat Gpt transforma la enseñanza y el aprendizaje al personalizar y eficientizar los procesos, su adopción efectiva requiere superar desafíos éticos y asegurar una adecuada capacitación docente. La implementación cuidadosa de Chat Gpt maximiza sus beneficios y minimiza los riesgos, abriendo caminos para futuras investigaciones y una integración más responsable en la educación superior.
The Role of AI in Automating Farm Machinery: From Planting to Harvesting
Authors: Sunit Jana  , Rakhi Biswas  , Arpit Das  , Mrinmoy Pal  , Koushik Pal
Published: January 2025

The abstract serves as a concise summary of the entire paper. In addition to what’s already mentioned, the abstract should convey that the paper explores the real-world applications of AI technologies and how they are shaping agricultural practices. It briefly covers the automation tools (autonomous tractors, drones, and harvesting robots) and stresses the importance of AI in improving productivity, sustainability, and resource efficiency in agriculture. This section might also touch on the challenges farmers face, such as financial barriers and technical expertise, while pointing toward future innovations like IoT and machine learning integration
Making US Security Cooperation in Fragile States Work: Organizational Capital in Aid Provision
Authors: Yi Randell , O'Connell Edward
Published: January 2025

The article examine how materiel and non-materiel organizational capital, as conveyed by military aid, differ in their effects on recipient nations with respect to governance. The authors analyze the Varieties of Democracy (vDem) dataset’s Regime Corruption Index alongside Security Sector Assistance expenditures as reported by the US Aid to Security Sector Actors (USASSA) dataset. They find that non-materiel forms of investment toward building partner nation capacity create generally better governance outcomes than materiel ones that involve transfers of weapons systems or supplies. They further contend that investments toward social cohesion and norms transmission “build the capacity to have capacity built.” In other words, they work to mitigate the negative externalities associated with the transfer of technical skills and materiel aid on recipient nation governance. As such, this work suggests that investment in social capital is a decisive factor in determining success versus failure. This research calls attention to a common blind spot among policymakers and practitioners, which is the near complete omission of social capital as an explicit security cooperation design consideration.
Why Has Peace Not Come to Colombia? Between Total Peace and Armed Peace
Authors: Niño César
Published: January 2025

This research asks why peace has not come to Colombia despite the end of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. Total Peace is an ambitious project of Gustavo Petro’s government to build the elusive peace in Colombia. However, the country's current security and violence situation shows a crisis in realizing the peace project. New criminal actors are proliferating, massacres are increasing, the confinement of marginal populations is on the rise, and ambushes against members of the security forces continue. The disconnection of the Total Peace policy with the security and defense policy has led to the strengthening of armed structures and the non-compliance of some agreements by criminals with the negotiation processes. The article finds that violence against the state has decreased, but criminal violence against the civilian population has increased. The research concludes by identifying why more armed peace exists than Total Peace. Therefore, the Petro government must implement actions to reorient its peace strategy in the country.
How Does this End?: The Ukraine War and the Future of Russia
Authors: Acuff Jonathan M. , Clegg Hannah
Published: January 2025

We analyze a range of future scenarios for Russia related to the Ukraine War. Although regime change is a publicly-stated objective for several leaders of NATO countries, we find very little prospect for it. The Russian economy has largely evaded the effects of the sanctions. Despite enormous casualties and incompetence in the management of the war, both Putin and the war remain popular with the Russian public. Contrary to most analysis to date, the Wagner Group mutiny of June 2023 is not an indication of Putin’s weakness, but his strength. The coercive mechanisms of the Russian state remain intact. Indeed, they have grown stronger. Finally, there is little to no prospect for the emergence of a significant antiwar movement. Regardless of the outcome of the war in Ukraine, Putin is likely to remain in power. Western leaders should begin to grapple with this unpleasant reality and its policy implications.
GotNL_Chapter03_GIS.zip
Authors: Huis in 't Veld Richard , den Hartog Jager Daan
Published: January 2025

GIS files belonging to the figures of Chapter 3 - Late Carboniferous, in Geology of the Netherlands (second edition).
GotNL_Chapter10_GIS.zip
Authors: Busschers Freek , Cohen Kim , Wesselingh Frank P , Bakker Marcel , Schokker Jeroen , van Balen Ronald , van Heteren Sytze
Published: January 2025

GIS files belonging to the figures of Chapter 10 - Quaternary, in Geology of the Netherlands (second edition).
GotNL_Chapter17_GIS.zip
Authors: Verweij Hanneke , Oude Essink Gualbert H P , Hartog Niels , Zaadnoordijk Willem Jan
Published: January 2025

GIS files belonging to the figures of Chapter 17 - Hydrogeology, in Geology of the Netherlands (second edition).
Outtcome of Fllexiiblle Naiilliing iin Forearm Fracttures iin Chiilldren
Authors: Rehman Hafiz Faiz ur , Shah Mian Qaisar Ali , Labib Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Nouman , Qureshi Bilal Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Objective: To look for outcome and analyze the factors influencing outcome of flexible nailing in forearm fractures in childrenmanaged at tertiary care orthopedics unit.Study Design: Case Series.Place and Duration of Study: Orthopedic Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2022 toMar2023.Methodology: A prospective case series was conducted on the pediatric patients managed for forearm fractures with flexiblenailing in our orthopedics unit. Outcome was assessed at 10 weeks after the surgical procedure. Poor outcome was defined ifthere was non-union on x-ray, pain on range of motion or skin erosion at site of nailing. Factors like age, gender, poly traumaand anemia at time of presentation were associated with poor outcome in children recruited in this case series.Results A total of 30 children with forearm fractures treated with flexible nails were included in the final analysis. Out of them23(76.6%) were male while 07(23.4%) were females. Mean age of the children recruited in study was 5.83±2.16 years. 20(66.7%)children with forearm fracture treated with flexible nails had good outcome after surgery while 10(33.3%) had poor outcome.Chi-square analysis revealed that poly trauma and presence of anemia at the time of presentation were the factors statisticallysignificant associated with poor outcome (p-value<0.001) in our study participants.Conclusion: Skin erosion at skin site was a common finding seen in pediatric patients managed for forearm fractures withflexible nailing. Patients with poly-trauma and anemia at the time of presentation were more at risk of having poor outcomeafter flexible nailing.
Impact of Migraine on Symptoms of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Ejaz Babar , Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi  , Anwar Waqar , Manzar Adnan , Ahmed Fawad , Abdullah Hassam
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the frequency of fibromyalgia in patients of migraine and to see the impact of migraine on symptomsof fibromyalgia.Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Sep 2023 to Feb 2024. Methodology: The number of patients that were included in the study were 109. Every patient underwent detailed history taking which included information regarding demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics. Diagnosis of fibromyalgia was done with the help of 2016 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Headache Impact test-6 was used to assess the impact of headache on patient life. Headache intensity was assessed with the help of visual analogue scale (0-10). FIQR score was used to classify the severity of fibromyalgia. Results: In this study fibromyalgia was diagnosed in 40(36.7%) patients. Duration of migraine, migraine frequency, headache intensity and Headache impact severity score showed significant difference in patients without and without fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia’s assessment was done with the help of FIQR score. The three domains of this score showed that patients experience worsening due to fibromyalgia in terms of function (Median =21), overall impact (Median=13) and symptoms (Median=38.50) and total score (Median=73.50). Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate high frequency of fibromyalgia in migraine patients. Patients with migraine and fibromyalgia showed higher frequency for migraine attacks and Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire score.
Frequency of Esotropia and its Management in Pediatric Age Group at CMH Quetta
Authors: Malik Sarah Naveed , Masud Hannan , Zamir Quratulain
Published: January 2025

Objective: To find the frequency of esotropia, its sub types and subsequent management carried out in pediatric age group presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Quetta.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department, Tertiary Care Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2020.Methodology: Two hundred and forty patients were enrolled in the study with age 6 months to 13 years presenting with manifest or latent squint. Data was collected through consecutive sampling technique. A designed form for refraction and orthoptic assessment was used with complete ophthalmological examination on each visit. Diagnosis was made based on international definitions of strabismus and treatment was planned accordingly. Follow up was carried out to observe and analyze the effects of treatment in strabismus.Results: Among 240 patients with strabismus, 152 patients had esotropia. More common in males (n=88) and most common refractive error was hypermetropia (n=94). Out of these 32 had anisometropia and 47 had amblyopia. According toclassification of esotropia, 34.2% of patients had fully accommodative esotropia and 13.2% patients had essential infantile esotropia. Combination of treatment modalities was used. 21 patients were prescribed executive bifocals. Patching for 2 hours daily during activity under observation was advised to patients with amblyopia. 36 patients had surgery and 14 patients were kept under observation.Conclusion: Our study concluded that esotropia was the most prevalent type of strabismus in pediatric age group at tertiary care hospital in Quetta with accommodative type being the most common which can successfully be......
An exploratory study of instructional leadership challenges of headteachers: Promoting and supporting instructional improvement, supervising and evaluating instruction (Ghana)
Authors: Ansong Joycelyn , Kusi Hinneh , Sarfo Frederick Kwaku , Addo-Fordjour Martin
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to determine head teachers' challenges in instructional leadership: promoting and supporting instructional improvement, supervising and evaluating instruction in Ghana. Effective instructional leadership is considered critical in head teachers' performance outcomes. Ghana, a Lower Middle-Income Country, is faced with the challenge of improving the educational system of basic and Junior High Schools. The expectation on head teachers is high in achieving high educational standards in basic and Junior High Schools in Ghana. The study adopted a sequential qualitative research approach. Data was collected from head teachers, School Improvement Support Officers (SISOs), and Lead Teachers using a purposive maximum variation sampling approach. Participants responded to semi-structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The result of the analysis revealed that there were similarities in the challenges faced by instructional leadership in both urban and rural schools. The challenges identified were inadequate academic resources, overburdened headteacher responsibilities, teacher-pupil behaviour and attitude, and an adverse physical environment. Headteachers faced multi-dimensional challenges in promoting and supporting instructional improvement and supervising and evaluating instruction in Ghana. All the challenges identified should be addressed holistically to allow the head teachers to deliver on the instructional leadership roles required to improve education at the basic and junior school levels.
ARCHITECTURE OF ALMATY IN THE 20TH CENTURY: IN SEARCH OF CULTURAL IDENTITY
Authors:   International Educational Corporation, Abdrassilova G. , Danibekova E. ,   International Educational Corporation, Tuyakayeva A. ,   International Educational Corporation, Syzdykova A. ,   International Educational Corporation
Published: January 2025

This article outlines the findings of a study focused on uncovering the sources of Almaty's identity, which have evolved over time through various architectural ideas. The Soviet era was particularly influential in shaping the city's architectural development. The study examines the current urban environment, including buildings and structures within Almaty's historical district. The research methodology employs a comprehensive approach, incorporating several methods. These include gathering projects and illustrative materials (such as drawings, photographs, and plans) from archives, scientific publications, and digital resources; conducting field surveys of buildings and elements of the urban environment constructed in Almaty during the 20th century; and performing chronological, compositional, and comparative analyses, along with generalizing the findings. The study revealed that the cultural identity of Almaty's architecture in the 20th century stemmed from a blend of architectural trends prevalent across the Soviet Union, yet adapted to the regional context of Kazakhstan. Within the framework of a socialist economy, Almaty’s architecture reinterpreted traditional motifs to establish a link between the built environment and the local cultural heritage. In the 21st century, understanding cultural identity is crucial for crafting a compelling image of a city. It plays a key role in developing strategies for socio-cultural and economic transformation, and can be instrumental in attracting investment and tourism.
MODERN EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES AND SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE: MUTUAL INFLUENCE AND SYNCRETISM
Authors:   International Educational Corporation, Glaudinova M.B. , Gvozdikova T.A. ,   International Educational Corporation, Bryantsev A.A. ,   Scientific research institute «RAS Group Expert»
Published: January 2025

The article deals with the interaction between architecture and education, the influence of various factors on the creation of modern educational institutions. It is important that modern educational trends are also able to influence the formation of planning organization and volume-spatial solution of a modern school building. The world practice of life-long education is considered and how it is implemented in architectural practice in our country. The article reflects the currently popular teaching strategies: design studio model, environmental learning, taxonomy of goals, work evaluation model and the model that takes into account the needs of groups of people with special educational needs. Based on the study of existing experience, a major principle in the concept of school building design is identified: the interaction between the context, the content of the learning process and the learning process itself. A number of trends and transformations of architectural and planning solutions of school buildings have been identified. On the basis of the studied material the effective variant of the model of learning space is revealed, the taxonomy of formation of learning space of a modern school building is defined. As a result of the study, three main concepts of forming a modern school building that meets the requirements of modern education are defined.
CREATING SAFE URBAN ENVIRONMENTS THROUGH THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL MODELS OF CITIES: INSIGHTS FROM KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   International Educational Corporation, 050043, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Tolegen Z.Z. , Eismont O.P. ,   GKKP Construction and Technology College, 020000, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan, Popov Y.G. ,   Kokshetau University named after Abay Myrzakhmetov, 020000, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan, Mugzhanova G.S. ,   Kokshetau University named after Abay Myrzakhmetov, 020000, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan, Kostcova A.A. ,   Kokshetau University named after Abay Myrzakhmetov, 020000, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2025

Global urbanization and the rise in urban populations highlight the need for safe and comfortable urban environments, especially in large cities like Almaty city in Kazakhstan. These cities face challenges in urban planning due to rapid growth and complex dynamics, including issues related to the mismatch of pedestrian streets’ scale and functionality, lack of navigation aids, and inadequate organization of open spaces. Moreover, the threat of earthquakes and other disasters necessitates efficient evacuation strategies. This paper introduces a digital three-dimensional city model as an innovative solution for enhancing urban safety. The methodology employs the "protecting space", "eyes on the street", and "city for people" concepts to establish criteria for safety. Using comparative analysis, photography, and morphological mapping, it examines architectural and urban planning strategies for secure spaces at various levels, from individual buildings to districts. The proposed "smart" digital model aims to improve urban safety by facilitating identifying and resolving safety issues. This approach broadens the scope of urban planning techniques, fostering interdisciplinary research to enhance city life quality and advancing Kazakhstan's smart city initiative.
Curso de vida e itinerancias migratorias en personas mayores rurales
Authors: Flores Martínez Rosa María , Garay Villegas Sagrario
Published: January 2025

Analizar el desarrollo de las itinerancias migratorias en el curso de vida de las personas adultas mayores de contextos rurales de Durango, ha sido el objetivo de este artículo. La metodología fue de corte cualitativo, con un diseño retrospectivo, un alcance exploratorio y desde la perspectiva teórico-metodológica del curso de vida, realizándose un total de siete entrevistas en profundidad a personas adultas mayores residentes en localidades rurales de Durango. Los resultados muestran que la trayectoria de vida de las personas mayores rurales ha estado vinculada con procesos migratorios, especialmente por la emigración hacia Estados Unidos y urbes en entidades de México, las motivaciones y las experiencias son distintas, según el momento de la vida en la que ocurrieron. En etapas tempranas, la migración suele estar motivada por cuestiones vinculadas con la mejora de las condiciones económicas y laborales o por la continuidad del itinerario educativo; sin embargo, conforme se transita hacia etapas más avanzadas, la reintegración familiar se configura como el principal incentivo para realizar la movilidad. El estudio concluye que la conexión entre migración y envejecimiento es una diada compleja y cambiante en los espacios rurales, los significados y las implicaciones generadas tienen matices distintos según las condiciones individuales y familiares.
From a ‘Ruthenian’ to a ‘Noble Lithuanian’: Shifts in the Sixteenth-Century Historical Narrative of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Gudmantas Kęstutis
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the shifts in the attitude towards the Orthodox believers and Ruthenians in the sixteenth-century historical and polemical writings and epistolary works of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It starts with an analysis of the conversion of pagan Lithuanian dukes to Orthodoxy as described in the chronicles of Lithuania, which is followed by a review of the letters of Chancellor Albertas Goštautas (Olbracht Gasztołd, †1539) and the struggle against the group of Hetman Konstantinas Ostrogiškis (Konstanty Ostrogski) that is reflected in those letters. The study concludes with an analysis of texts by Augustinus Rotundus, Maciej Stryjkowski, and other authors from the second half of the sixteenth century. In these texts, the representatives of the Ruthenian elite of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – the Chodkevičius (Chodkiewicz), the Valavičius (Wołłowicz) – are already considered to be ‘noble Lithuanians’.
The Account of the Illness and Death of Wladyslaw Vasa
Authors: Čiurinskas Mintautas
Published: January 2025

The article presents an anonymous account of the last days of life and death of Wladislaw Vasa, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, in Merkinė. The ruler died on 20 May 1648, and the text in question is one of the most detailed sources on this event. The article also includes extracts from Wladislaw Vasa’s will, hitherto unused in the historiography, which reflect his wish regarding the burial place and his bequest to St Casimir’s Chapel after his death. That this ruler’s heart rests in St Casimir’s Chapel of Vilnius Cathedral, which he had finished within his lifetime, was due to the circumstances of his death in Lithuania, the autopsy carried out, and the will of the nobles of Lithuania rather than that of the ruler. On the other hand, the latter was also exercised, by burying his body in the mausoleum of the Polish kings in Wawel Cathedral in Cracow. The introductory article discusses some of the circumstances of the ruler’s stay and illness in Merkinė, as well as the source itself. The publication includes a full Latin-Lithuanian translation of the account of Wladislaw Vasa’s illness and death.
Works Printed in Vilnius in the Eighteenth-Century Manuscript Catalogue of the Vilnius Jesuit Academy Library
Authors: Rinkūnaitė Aušra
Published: January 2025

Based on the eighteenth-century manuscript catalogue of the Vilnius Jesuit Academy library, the purpose of the article was to investigate what part of the library consisted of the output of the printing houses of Vilnius, to identify the printers of Vilnius whose output the library had and the number of those works, and the themes of books that the Jesuits read.From approximately 4500 entries in the catalogue, 155 entries were selected in which Vilnius was indicated as the place of publication or identified as such. All the information, including transcribed catalogue entries, identified publications, books belonging to the Vilnius Jesuit Academy library with their provenance marks and the current known location of their storage, is provided separately in the appendix. During the research, 143 titles were identified, and 259 copies were counted. After identifying almost all the printed works selected from the catalogue, it turned out that the library had eight titles (nine copies) printed in the sixteenth century, 68 titles (122 copies) from the seventeenth century, and 67 titles (128 copies) printed in the eighteenth century. Most of them were the output of the Vilnius Academy printing house. Religious texts, comprising polemical, hagiographic, and theological writings, constituted 56 per cent of all printed works, while works on logics, mathematics, geography, and physics made up only 7.7 per cent. Various calendars started to be printed in the second half of the eighteenth century and became very popular. The largest number of works printed in Vilnius were in Latin (48.6 per cent) and Polish (47.2 per cent); works in French, German, Lithuanian, Latvian, and other languages accounted for 4.2 per cent. The inscriptions in the books reveal that the Jesuits not only bought books but also received them as gifts. Not only famous patrons but also the authors such as Maciej Miłuński, Jan Zrzelski, Antonius Aloysius Misztołt donated books to the library. The Vilnius Academy printing house also donated several books. Thus, the manuscript catalogue of the Vilnius Jesuit Academy library is a particularly valuable source for researching the history of the Vilnius University library in the eighteenth century. The printed works recorded in it point to the Jesuits’ areas of interest, and the surviving books reveal the history of books entering the library and their wanderings through the libraries of various European countries.
WEEKLY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS
Authors: Đukić Branko , Strajnić Branislav , Ivanek Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Everyone who practice sports shows a developed awareness of the importance of physical exercise by developing their
performance in sports training and diet, which together certainly contribute to the sports result, and above all to the
improvement and preservation of health. The aim of this work is to determine the way of conducting physical activities of athletes
who play table tennis on a weekly basis, as well as to establish whether there are differences between the categories of physical
activities between men and women. The research includes a total of 40 respondents, of which 18 are male table tennis players
and 22 are female table tennis players who play for clubs participating in the First League of Serbia in the 2023/24 competition
season. By comparing the level of physical activity of table tennis players, it was concluded that there is no statistically significant
difference in physical activity expressed in MET values on a weekly basis between male table tennis players and female table
tennis players, as well as in daily sitting next to small screens, at work or with friends.
Key words: IPAQ questionnaire, MET metabolic equivalent, lifestyle, athletes
Green Marketing and the Commercialization of Healthy Food: Case Study of a Company Dedicated to the Production and Sale of Organic Products, Peru
Authors: del Pila Miranda-Guerra María
Published: January 2025

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has left its mark on humanity as a whole. Consumers have reflected on their lifestyles, which has led them to prioritize health, well-being, and care for the environment by deciding to buy healthier products. Green Marketing is a strategy for the organizations that commercialize healthy or ecological products. This study seeks to determine the relationship between green marketing, its dimensions, and the commercialization of companies. The research is descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational; a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was applied to 133 consumers of a company dedicated to the production and sale of organic products in the city of Cajamarca, Peru. The results obtained show the existence of a direct and significant relationship between green marketing and the commercialization of healthy food (0.649). The findings of this study are important for companies in the sector since they conclude that consumers of healthy products in the food industry value a brand based on the green marketing tactics they perceive. Green marketing represents an opportunity for companies that want to successfully commercialize their products.
La « poétique du port d’attache » : un outil de patrimonialisation de la « marque Rimbaud » à Charleville-Mézières
Authors: Kersten Alice
Published: January 2025

While Arthur Rimbaud constantly shunned his native city, which he himself described as "the most idiotic of the small provincial towns", the city today paradoxically places him at the centre of its cultural policy. Through the official discourse it constructs about itself, the town presents itself as the poet's "home base": collages, frescoes and photographs of Rimbaud adorn the town's walls; his house and the museum dedicated to him are tourist hotspots; extracts from his texts become brand names and give their names to shops and a music festival. All these elements help to create a 'Rimbaldian atmosphere' in the city. This article reports on a ground study conducted in Charleville over a two-year period. With sociology of literature and a pragmatic approach to the literary, we will attempt to objectivise the ways in which a range of mediations and institutional logics contribute to the heritage role played by literature.
Les jardins du château de Versailles à travers la poésie contemporaine : un nouvel outil de médiation culturelle ?
Authors: Machou Anabelle
Published: January 2025

This article proposes to study the role of contemporary poetry as a cultural mediation tool for the gardens of Versailles. The corpus includes the poems of the poetic anthology Poètes en majesté à Versailles, published in 2013 by the Éditions des Busclats, on the occasion of the fifteenth edition of the “Printemps des poètes”. From a stylistic study of the collection and the analysis of the editorial project, we will question the existence of a real process of legitimation of the Versailles Palace through literature. To support this hypothesis, we will first consider what contributes to the actual heritage status of the place, by perpetuating an established discourse and stereotypes. We will then confront these representations with new and more original readings of the monument, the visitor’s posture in Versailles for exemple. Thus, we will show that the anthology Poètes en majesté à Versailles participates in the renewal of the imaginaries on the gardens of the Palace of Versailles much more than in their patrimonialization.
La littérature en marche pour un patrimoine écologique : les randonnées de Jean Giono et Marcel Pagnol
Authors: Brun Marion
Published: January 2025

The literary hike in Provence gives the first exposure to Jean Giono and Marcel Pagnol, who become actors for ecological preservation. By labeling a territory in their name, these writers contribute to transforming the space into a cultural territory, a developed place, a performance space. They make evident the need to rediscover the paths of yesteryear, to carry out memory work in space. There is therefore an archeology of the traces of the passage of writing which makes hiking a heritage object even though the footsteps of the writers remain invisible.
Editorial
Authors: Beltrame de Moura Aline , Posenato Na
Published: January 2025

The Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) is a publication of the Latin American Center of European Studies, currently supported by the Jean Monnet Network Policy Debate “BRIDGE Watch” project with funding from the Erasmus + Programme of the European Commission. With a focus on the editorial lines on European Union Law and Policies and International Relations of the European Union with third countries and Latin America, the eighth edition of the Journal also has a thematic dossier on “Paths to Democracy: Lessons from the European Union and Latin America” organized by Roberto Ruiz Labrano of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción, (Paraguay).
ACCESSIBILITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION IN FAVOR OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: reflections from international law
Authors: Romero Ginette
Published: January 2025

People with disabilities have historically been undervalued due to a flawed perception of difference. To address this issue, this work examines the principles of equality, non-discrimination, and accessibility in international law, in relation to the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), adopted in 2006. Two essential issues are covered, based on the justification and scope of the anti-discrimination principle. The first focuses on universal accessibility as a goal for the effective enjoyment and exercise of rights for people with disabilities within social spheres. The second addresses reasonable accommodations as necessary adaptations in specific situations and as a targeted accessibility strategy. Both mechanisms promote the removal of barriers and the creation of equal spaces without differential treatment in both the Inter-American Human Rights System and the European Union. The methodology used is primarily bibliographic, reviewing books, manuals, and scientific articles forming the doctrine on this subject, and also jurisprudential, examining cases from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union. It is concluded that accessibility provides legal and material content to the principle of equality through strategies that approach disability from a social model, recognizing equal dignity and rights for all human lives.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA AL-QURAN ANAK TUNAGRAHITA RINGAN DENGAN METODE BIL HIKMAH
Authors: ASRIL ASRIL , SYAHRIZAL SYAHRIZAL , ARMALENA ARMALENA , YUHERMAN YUHERMAN
Published: January 2025

The Quran is the main literacy for Muslims, including elementary school children. However, for children with intellectual disabilities, the ability to read the Quran still faces its own challenges. This study aims to describe efforts to improve the ability to read the letters of the Quran in children with mild intellectual disabilities through the bil hikmah method. The study was conducted in class VIII B SLB Negeri 1 Padang, using an action research type with two cycles including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The informants in this study were three students with mild intellectual disabilities: MRF, ZM, and K. The results of the study are presented in the form of narratives and graphs that describe the process to the results of the improvement in the second cycle. In the first cycle, students MRF and ZM reached 65% and student K reached 60%, while in the second cycle, all three reached 85%. From these results, it can be concluded that the bil hikmah method is effective in improving the ability to read the letters of the Quran in children with mild intellectual disabilities.
ABSTRAKAl-Quran adalah literasi utama bagi umat Muslim, termasuk anak-anak usia dasar. Namun, bagi anak-anak tunagrahita, kemampuan membaca Al-Quran masih menghadapi tantangan tersendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan upaya peningkatan kemampuan membaca huruf Al-Quran pada anak tunagrahita ringan melalui metode bil hikmah. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas VIII B SLB Negeri 1 Padang, menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan dengan dua siklus yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga siswa tunagrahita ringan: MRF, ZM, dan K. Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk narasi dan grafik yang menggambarkan proses hingga hasil peningkatan pada siklus kedua. Pada siklus pertama, siswa MRF dan ZM mencapai 65% dan siswa K mencapai 60%, sedangkan pada siklus kedua, ketiganya mencapai 85%. Dari hasil ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode bil hikmah efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca huruf Al-Quran pada anak tunagrahita ringan.
JOGOS MATEMÁTICOS: UM PORTAL SIGNIFICATIVO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO INTEGRAL DOS DOCENTES
Authors: Siqueira Neurilene Silva
Published: January 2025

O presente teve como objetivo geral analisar como a organização e sistematização da Feira de Matemática na Escola Dr. Aristófanes Bezerra de Castro contribuem para o aprimoramento das práticas educativas e a superação das dificuldades em matemática nas Séries Finais do Ensino Fundamental, especialmente através do uso de jogos matemáticos. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, baseado em pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou observação participante e análise documental. Os resultados revelaram que a Feira, através de sua organização estruturada e uso de jogos educativos, como o jogo de adição dos inteiros, a roleta da multiplicação e a plataforma Wordwall para operações com números inteiros, promoveu um ambiente de aprendizado mais dinâmico. Esses recursos facilitaram a contextualização dos conceitos matemáticos, tornando-os mais acessíveis e interessantes para os alunos. Além disso, os jogos matemáticos mostraram-se eficazes para superar dificuldades específicas, aumentar a motivação e engajamento dos estudantes, e desenvolver habilidades críticas e criativas. A feira também incentivou o trabalho em equipe e a cooperação, contribuindo para um ambiente educacional mais colaborativo e positivo. Em suma, a iniciativa evidenciou a importância de integrar atividades lúdicas no ensino da matemática para melhorar o desempenho e a atitude dos alunos em relação à disciplina.