bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal Violence, Racial Discrimination, and Mental Health Symptoms Among Adolescents of Color in the Juvenile-Justice System
Authors: Jouriles Ernest N. , Sitton Melissa J. , Rosenfield David , Lui P. Priscilla , McDonald Renee
Published: February 2024

The current study examined how interpersonal racial discrimination experiences operate together with other forms of interpersonal violence to contribute to mental health symptoms among justice-involved adolescents of color. Participants were 118 justice-involved adolescents of color aged 14 to 17 ( M = 15.77, SD = 1.08; 52.5% male; 77.1% Black/African American) and their mothers. At baseline, adolescents reported on experiences of interpersonal racial discrimination, harsh parenting, teen dating violence, and exposure to interparental physical intimate partner violence. At baseline and the 3-month follow-up assessment, adolescents reported on trauma symptoms, and adolescents and their mothers reported on the adolescents’ externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Multivariate multilevel modeling results indicated that interpersonal racial discrimination experiences contributed additively to adolescent mental health symptoms at both the baseline and 3-month follow-up assessments, after accounting for exposure to other forms of interpersonal violence. The current findings highlight the importance of considering adolescents’ experiences of interpersonal racial discrimination, together with other forms of interpersonal violence, in work focused on understanding the mental health symptoms of justice-involved adolescents of color.
A Systemic Review of the Difference Between Diets for Preterm Infants Containing Raw Mother’s Own Milk and Frozen or Pasteurized Mother’s Own Milk
Authors: Gomez Jessica Ann , Abela Karla , LoBiondo-Wood Geri
Published: February 2024

Background:

Raw, never stored or pasteurized mother’s own milk (MOM) is not always available to feed preterm infants; however, storage and pasteurization of MOM diminishes some bioactive components. It can be difficult to feed raw MOM to preterm infants due to transportation and storage of small volumes that might be pumped away from the infant, and a concern that they might harbor bacteria. However, the higher availability of bioactive components in raw MOM may provide benefits to preterm infants compared to frozen or pasteurized MOM.

Research Aim:

To systematically review and summarize the results of studies on feeding raw MOM versus frozen or pasteurized MOM to preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestation.

Methods:

Four databases were searched (Cochrane, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science) for this systematic review. Of 542 studies identified, nine met inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies by the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Studies were organized using the Breastfeeding Challenges Facing Preterm Mother–Infant Dyads theoretical framework.

Results:

Included studies evaluated the outcomes of preterm infants fed raw versus pasteurized MOM ( n = 7, 77.8%) or raw versus frozen MOM ( n = 2, 22.2%). Researchers found that raw MOM did not increase infant infections and may have improved health and growth outcomes for study participants.

Conclusion:

There is laboratory evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of the use of raw MOM for preterm infants. A raw MOM diet is recommended for preterm infants by professional organizations. Despite this, it may not be universally prioritized and could require purposeful implementation by each institution. Further research is needed to pursue the potential benefits of a raw MOM diet for preterm infants.
Segmented guidance method for multi-UAVs cooperative attack with spatio-temporal constraints
Authors: Wang Yujie , Tang Zhongnan , Xin Hongbo , Chen Qingyang , Gao Xianzhong , Deng Xiaolong
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a segmented guidance method for multi-UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) cooperative attack with spatio-temporal constraints, and successfully implemented in the flight tests. First, the uniform distribution of UAVs around the target is completed through cooperative path planning and tracking in the mid-course phase. The path planning method for cooperative arrival is proposed based on Dubins curve, and the guidance strategy for circular formation flight enables the UAVs to accurately track the reference points which are evenly distributed on the circle. Second, the terminal guidance law in 3D space with impact time cooperation is proposed during the cooperative attack stage, which would further eliminate the accumulated deviation. Finally, simulations and field flight tests for coordinated attack are carried out, which show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Who is responsible? US Public perceptions of AI governance through the lenses of trust and ethics
Authors: David Prabu , Choung Hyesun , Seberger John S.
Published: February 2024

The governance of artificial intelligence (AI) is an urgent challenge that requires actions from three interdependent stakeholders: individual citizens, technology corporations, and governments. We conducted an online survey ( N = 525) of US adults to examine their beliefs about the governance responsibility of these stakeholders as a function of trust and AI ethics. Different dimensions of trust and different ethical concerns were associated with beliefs in governance responsibility of the three stakeholders. Specifically, belief in the governance responsibility of the government was associated with ethical concerns about AI, whereas belief in governance responsibility of corporations was related to both ethical concerns and trust in AI. Belief in governance responsibility of individuals was related to human-centered values of trust in AI and fairness. Overall, the findings point to the need for an interdependent framework in which citizens, corporations, and governments share governance responsibilities, guided by trust and ethics as the guardrails.
Determinants of Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare Industry in Delhi using PLS-SEM
Authors: Bansal Neha , Narwal Mahabir , Prinkle Prinkle
Published: February 2024

The healthcare industry in India has advanced significantly in recent years. As a result of corporatisation, hospitals’ classes and quality have significantly changed in modern times. The intangible nature of healthcare services imposes a great challenge to healthcare service providers to measure the quality of service hence satisfaction of patients. The present study highlights the role of corporatisation in the assessment of patient satisfaction (PS). The aim of this article is to evaluate how doctors’ services, nurse services, administrative services, pathological services (PHS) and pricing affect the level of PS in corporate hospitals of Delhi. An exploratory research technique was used. A sample of 342 patients was analysed using a questionnaire. Using partial least squares to a structural equation model, a cross-sectional study was applied. The results revealed that doctor services, nurse services, administrative services and PHS have positive impact on PS and pricing of hospitals negatively influences satisfaction of patients. It indicates that corporatisation of healthcare services has mainly leaded to improvement of satisfaction level. At the same time, research will direct healthcare providers in the right direction towards the rectification and reconsideration of pricing policies making them more pocket-friendly.
LGBT people in prison in Australia and human rights: A critical reflection
Authors: Walters Rachel , Antojado Dwayne , Maycock Matt , Bartels Lorana
Published: February 2024

This article examines the human rights protections relevant to lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgender (‘LGBT’) people in Australian prisons. We commence by addressing some of the inequalities experienced by incarcerated LGBT people, before outlining the relevant international human rights frameworks and their implementation in Australia. We focus on Victoria as a case study, demonstrating that there are limited provisions for LGBT people in prisons, and these provisions are generally not legally enforceable. We conclude by recommending legislative reforms that would increase protections for a particularly vulnerable cohort in the prison environment and promote compliance with Australia’s obligations under international human rights law.
Interdisciplinary Approach to Tourism Demand Modeling: Quality of Life Indicators
Authors: Berbekova Adiyukh , Assaf A. George , Uysal Muzaffer
Published: February 2024

Tourism demand modeling remains a critical issue in tourism research and practice. To date, demand studies have predominantly focused on economic variables to explain tourism demand. While this is well established, recent research demonstrates the importance of not limiting demand specification to economic variables only. This study proposes an interdisciplinary approach to tourism demand by incorporating the relative quality of life index into the demand specification. Using data from the United States and its 30 top source markets, the findings demonstrate that, in addition to traditional economic variables, a relative quality of life index that encompasses education, health, and stability is a significant predictor of tourism demand.
Evaluation of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: Comparison of CT-DCG and dacryoendoscopy in accurately localizing the lacrimal drainage obstructions
Authors: Zhang Wenyue , Li Lunhao , Zhang Leilei , Ding Yi , Liu Xueru , Ali Mohammad Javed , Xiao Caiwen
Published: February 2024

Objective

To correlate and evaluate the power and limitations of CT-DCG in determining the level and type of lacrimal duct obstruction in comparison to dacryoendoscopy in patients clinically suspected to be having partial or complete primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on 1232 lacrimal drainage systems of 957 patients who suffered from primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. Patients were examined with CT-DCG and correlated with dacryoendoscopy and the findings of clinical examination.

Results

Of the studied patients, 173 were men and 784 were women with an age range of 18–93 years. Of the 1232 lacrimal pathways, good CT-DCG images could be obtained in 980 cases and dacryoendoscopy in 957 cases. Of these complete obstructions were noted in 81% (794/980), and partial obstructions were identified in 19% (186/980) with CT-DCG. CT-DCG and dacryoendoscopy showed 68.4% agreement for the type of the obstruction and 63% for the level of the obstruction. The majority of the obstructions occurred at the sac-duct junction (62.5%) followed by the upper half of the nasolacrimal duct (27.5%). There was a significant difference in the correlation of the obstruction type with age group and with the duration of symptoms. As the duration of symptoms increased, the proportion of complete lacrimal duct obstructions as shown on CT-DCG images increased and the proportion of incomplete obstruction decreased ( p = 0.015).

Conclusions

The junction of lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct was the most common obstruction site. Age and the duration of symptoms influenced the type of obstruction noted. The degree and level of agreement between the investigations was moderate. A combination of CT-DCG and Dacryoendoscopy could together identify the location more accurately.
A systematic review of the factors influencing the risky behaviors of syrian forced migrant children and adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Arifoglu Ahmed Taha , Artan Taner
Published: February 2024

Risky behaviors are defined as emotional and behavioral problems that harm mental and physical health. The present study aimed to systematically review and synthesize research investigating the risky behaviors of Syrian children living in Turkey. The study was conducted through a systematic review of articles published in the Scopus and Web of Science database between 2013 and the present day, and met the STROBE reporting criteria. The inclusion criteria for studies in the systematic review were established, and studies that focused on Syrian-origin forced migrant child-adolescents aged 7–18 years and investigated risky behaviors without a clinical diagnosis and treatment purpose were included. Four studies with a sample of 790 children were examined. According to the findings of this study, there is a measurement issue for risky behaviors. In this study, there are numerous factors influencing risky behaviors, including those related to traumatic life events due to war, psychopathology, acculturation-related factors, and sociodemographic factors. The most significant finding highlighted in the study is the need for methodological improvements and context-specific studies to be repeated in future research, to ensure statistical generalizability and clinical implications in research on this subject.
Exploring factors affecting foreign language achievement: The role of growth mindset, self-efficacy, and L2 grit
Authors: Fathi Jalil , Pawlak Mirosław , Saeedian Sam , Ghaderi Ata
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the effects of growth mindset and self-efficacy on foreign language achievement (FLA) in a sample of 379 intermediate learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) while also incorporating the mediation of second language (L2) grit in a structural model. The measurement model was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and mediation analysis was conducted following Baron and Kenny’s (1986) method to explore the mediating role of L2 grit in the relationship between growth mindset, self-efficacy, and FLA. The results revealed that both L2 grit and English self-efficacy directly predicted FLA. Moreover, the mediation analysis revealed that growth mindset influenced FLA indirectly through the mediating role of L2 grit. These findings suggest that fostering growth mindset and self-efficacy beliefs in language learners could enhance their FLA, and that the development of L2 grit may play a significant role in mediating the relationship between growth mindset and FLA. Implications of these results for language education are discussed, and suggestions for future research are considered.
Human rights organizations, equal opportunity, and violence against refugees
Authors: Bsisu Naji , Hunter Lacey , Urtuzuastigui Jerry
Published: February 2024

What factors influence levels of repression targeting refugee populations? In this paper, we explore the efficacy of top-down and bottom-up approaches to mitigating host-state repression, specifically highlighting the role of human rights organizations (HROs) and institutionalized equal opportunity in influencing states’ decision to violently repress refugees. In so doing, we argue that repression levels can be moderated through proper accommodation and integration of refugee populations via the activities of HROs in addition to increased institutionalized equal opportunities for displaced persons. Using a new dataset that captures state repression of refugee populations together with a zero-inflated ordered probit model and an estimation technique that addresses endogeneity, we find mixed support for our hypotheses.
Evaluation of levetiracetam dosing for seizure prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mann Alixandra , Livers Kristen , Frick Christine Duff , Daniels Michael W. , Sieg Emily , Bailey Michelle , Weitkamp Lindsay
Published: February 2024

Background

Early post-traumatic seizures (PTSs) may occur within seven days of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although levetiracetam is frequently used for early PTS prophylaxis, it is not recommended in current guidelines due to insufficient evidence. The objective of this study was to further evaluate levetiracetam dosing strategies for early PTS prophylaxis.

Methods

A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing the electronic medical record and a trauma database. The primary outcome was an incidence of seizure within seven days of TBI, defined as any documentation of a seizure when utilizing low-dose levetiracetam (500 mg twice daily), compared to high-dose levetiracetam (>500 mg twice daily). Subgroup analyses were performed based on mechanism of injury, trauma type, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), injury severity score (ISS), and Augmented Renal Clearance in Trauma Intensive Care score, administration of a loading dose, and additional head injuries. Only patients who completed a full seven-day course of levetiracetam were included.

Results

Of the 203 patients included, 149 patients received low-dose levetiracetam and 54 patients received high-dose. The majority of patients had a GCS < 8 (53.7%) and an ISS > 15 on presentation (92.1%). Twelve of 203 patients (5.9%) experienced a seizure within seven days of TBI, which is similar to the rate seen in previous studies. Six patients in the low-dose group (4.0%) and six patients in the high-dose group (11.1%) experienced a seizure ( p = 0.059). There was no statistically significant difference in seizure rate when patients were stratified based on baseline GCS, ISS, or mechanism of injury.

Conclusions

There were no statistically significant differences in seizure rates when comparing low-dose to high-dose levetiracetam. Levetiracetam 500 mg twice daily may be as effective as levetiracetam doses >500 mg twice daily for early onset post-traumatic seizure prophylaxis.
Continuing professional development of vocational teachers in Kenya: Challenges and coping strategies
Authors: Njenga Moses
Published: February 2024

Vocational teachers participate in Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to develop their professional competencies. In developing country contexts however, it is not always clear what challenges vocational teachers face in their CPD or how they attempt to resolve those challenges. This study therefore investigated the challenges vocational teachers in Kenya face in their CPD and the coping strategies they adopt. Viewing teachers as adult learners, the study adopted a concurrent mixed methods approach whereby interview and questionnaire survey data were collected from vocational teachers in six vocational institutions in Kenya’s Nairobi Metropolitan Area and analysed using thematic and statistical analysis. Vocational teachers in Kenya were found to face multiple challenges concurrently, which were categorized as lack of opportunity and access (e.g. failing to find relevant CPD), systemic restrictions (e.g. hindrances due to costs and lack of time), and personal difficulties (e.g. negative self-evaluation of ability). The strength of these challenges was found to vary with the characteristics of teachers. Coping strategies included cutting down on spending, taking loans, moonlighting, and ‘juggling time’. Findings show the need for a clear policy on vocational teacher CPD, provision of financial and non-financial support, and reworking the school calendar to create time for CPD.
Updated Scenario on Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
Authors: Bhardwaj Harish , Joshi Renjil , Gupta Anshita
Published: February 2024

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a widely used and effective treatment for managing complex wounds. This document discusses how NPWT can be used in wound care in an updated way. The updated scenario on NPWT provides a concise overview of the current state of NPWT and its implications in clinical practice. It highlights recent developments in NPWT, as well as the advancements in this field. As part of NPWT, vacuum-assisted closure is used and negative pressure is applied to the wound bed. It discusses the key components and mechanisms. In addition to improving wound healing, NPWT also reduces infection rates and improves patient comfort, among other benefits. In addition, this document discusses the specific indications and contraindications of NPWT, as well as the types of wounds that can be treated with NPWT, including diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and traumatic wounds. The document emphasizes the importance of choosing patients appropriately and assessing wounds to ensure optimal outcomes. In addition, it provides evidence-based guidelines and clinical recommendations on NPWT. In addition to reviewing the latest research findings supporting NPWT in a variety of clinical settings, it also discusses randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. In addition, it discusses the potential complications and challenges associated with NPWT, including pain, bleeding, and device malfunction. The purpose of this document is to shed light on the role of NPWT in wound care management by providing an updated scenario. NPWT can be incorporated into clinical practice by healthcare professionals if they understand its principles, benefits, indications, and limitations. Healthcare providers can optimize patient outcomes and improve wound healing in diverse patient populations by staying abreast of the latest advancements in NPWT.
Improved analytical model for calculating mesh stiffness and transmission error of helical gears considering root curve: Theoretical analysis and experiments
Authors: Liu Ziqian , Jiang Yanjun , Luo Ruitian , Wu Yangda , Huang Jiaopeng , Feng Nan , Li Kui
Published: February 2024

A modified algorithm is proposed in this study to correct time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) and transmission error (TE) in helical gears considering tooth root transition curve. The parametric model of helical gear is established by using the meshing principle of helical gear and hob in order to obtain the accurate tooth root transition curve. Moreover, a TE test rig is set up to compare the theoretical and experimental results. The results of the improved algorithm are very similar to the experimental results compared to the traditional model, and the relative error of TE is also small. In this study, the effect of multi-parameters (e.g. pressure angle, meshing position, transverse contact ratio, and overlap ratio) on TE are investigated by comparing theory with experimental analysis. Through the analysis of parameters, it has been established that an elevation in pressure angle leads to a decrease in TE, followed by an increase. In the event that the meshing position is situated closer to the nodal point, the TE slightly decreases. Moreover, as the transverse contact ratio and overlap ratio increase, the TVMS increases, while the TE decreases. When the overlap ratio approaches an odd multiple of 0.5, the TE displays a significant peak.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children
Authors: Ding Fengxia , Pan Zhengxia , Wu Chun , Li Hongbo , Li Yonggang , An Yong , Dai Jiangtao , Wang Gang , Liu Bo
Published: February 2024

Background:

Pediatric bronchiectasis is a common respiratory disease in children. The use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for its treatment remains controversial.

Objectives:

The objective of our study was to compare and analyze the clinical efficacy of thoracoscopic surgery and thoracotomy in the treatment of pediatric bronchiectasis and summarize the surgical treatment experience of VATS in children with bronchiectasis.

Design:

Retrospective single-center cohort study.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 46 pediatric patients who underwent surgery with bronchiectasis at the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2015 to May 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: the VATS group (25 cases) and the thoracotomy group (21 cases). Comparative analysis was performed on various parameters including basic clinical data, surgical methods, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion status, postoperative pain, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, chest tube drainage time, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, and follow-up information.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of age, weight, gender, etiology, duration of symptoms, site of onset, and comorbidities ( p > 0.05). The operation time in the VATS group was longer than that in the thoracotomy group ( p < 0.001). However, the VATS group had better outcomes in terms of intraoperative blood loss, transfusion status, postoperative pain, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, chest tube drainage time, and length of hospital stay ( p < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the VATS group was lower than that in the thoracotomy group, although the difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.152). Follow-up data showed no statistically significant difference in the surgical treatment outcomes between the two groups ( p = 0.493).

Conclusion:

The incidence of complications and mortality in surgical treatment of bronchiectasis is acceptable. Compared with thoracotomy surgery, VATS has advantages such as smaller trauma, less pain, faster recovery, and fewer complications. For suitable pediatric patients with bronchiectasis, VATS is a safe and effective surgical method.
Evaluating the Morphology of Unique Superficial Fissured Cartilage Lesions at the Femoral Head-Neck Junction in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Yamaura Kohei , Nishimura Haruki , Ruzbarsky Joseph J. , Kuhns Benjamin D. , Mullen Michael T. , Duke Victoria R. , O’Hara Kelsey M. , Brown Jarrod M. , Comfort Spencer M. , Hambright William S. , Bahney Chelsea S. , Huard Johnny , Philippon Marc J.
Published: February 2024

Background:

While an association between femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported, the mechanistic differences and transition between the 2 conditions is not fully understood. In FAI, cartilage lesions at the femoral head-neck junction can sometimes be visualized during hip arthroscopy.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to describe a unique dimpled pattern of superficial fissured cartilage lesions on the femoral head-neck junction at impingement site in patients with FAI syndrome (FAIS) and to evaluate the clinical, histological, and genetic phenotype of this cartilage. We hypothesized that the cartilage lesions may indicate risk for, or predict occurrence of, OA.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Six hips (6 patients; mean age, 34.2 ± 12.9 years; range, 19-54 years) with dimpled or fissured cartilage were included among patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for treatment of FAIS from October 2020 through December 2021. This affected cartilage (dimple-pattern group) and normal cartilage (control group) on the femoral head-neck junction were collected from the same patients and evaluated for histological quantification by Mankin scores and expression of proteins related to cartilage degeneration (eg, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-10, and MMP-12, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase [TIMP]-1 and TMP-2, aggrecan neopepitope CS846, and hyaluronic acid [HA]) with the use of Milliplex Multiplex Assays.

Results:

All 6 hips were of the mixed FAI subtype. Preoperatively, 4 of 6 hips had Tönnis grade 1 radiographic changes, which was associated with greater femoral head chondral damage visualized intraoperatively. Mankin scores for the normal cartilage group and the dimple-pattern group were 0.67 ± 0.82 and 3.3 ± 0.82, respectively. Dimple pattern fissured cartilage showed a significant increase in Mankin score ( P = .031) and a significant increase in protein expression of CS846 ( P = .031) compared with normal cartilage. There were no significant differences in MMPs, TIMPs, or HA levels between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

The dimple pattern fissured cartilage, compared to normal cartilage, showed histologically significant cartilage degeneration and a significant increase in protein expression of CS846, a biomarker for early OA.

Clinical Relevance:

This lesion serves as helpful visual indicator of early degeneration of the cartilage of femoral head-neck junction caused by FAIS.
CircMAST1 inhibits cervical cancer progression by hindering the N4-acetylcytidine modification of YAP mRNA
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Yuan Li , Zou Qiaojian , Shao Caixia , Jia Yan , Li Jiaying , Liao Yan , Zhao Xueyuan , Wen Weijia , Jing Xu , Yang Guofen , Wang Wei , Jiang Hongye , Yao Shuzhong
Published: February 2024

Background

Cervical cancer (CCa) is the fourth most common cancer among females, with high incidence and mortality rates. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators of various biological processes in cancer. However, the biological role of circRNAs in cervical cancer (CCa) remains largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of circMAST1 in CCa.

Methods

CircRNAs related to CCa progression were identified via a circRNA microarray. The relationship between circMAST1 levels and clinicopathological features of CCa was evaluated using the clinical specimens and data of 131 patients with CCa. In vivo and in vitro experiments, including xenograft animal models, cell proliferation assay, transwell assay, RNA pull-down assay, whole-transcriptome sequencing, RIP assay, and RNA-FISH, were performed to investigate the effects of circMAST1 on the malignant behavior of CCa.

Results

CircMAST1 was significantly downregulated in CCa tissues, and low expression of CircMAST1 was correlated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, our results demonstrated that circMAST1 inhibited tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of CCa. Mechanistically, circMAST1 competitively sequestered N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) and hindered Yes-associated protein (YAP) mRNA ac4C modification to promote its degradation and inhibit tumor progression in CCa.

Conclusions

CircMAST1 plays a major suppressive role in the tumor growth and metastasis of CCa. In particular, circMAST1 can serve as a potential biomarker and novel target for CCa.
Nanoscopic oxygen control of functional oxide nanoparticles by electro-chemical route at ambient temperature
Authors: Malla Chowdhury Putul , Raychaudhuri A. K.
Published: February 2024

La0.67Ca0.33MnOδ nanoparticles of approximate size ∼ 4 nm have been prepared by the chemical solution deposition method to investigate effect of oxygen stoichiometry in the nanoparticles without changing their sizes. Electrochemical oxidation method has been used to change the oxygen stoichiometry $$\delta$$
δ
at room temperature, which unlike conventional methods to change oxygen stoichiometry by heating in controlled ambience, does not lead to any significant change in size. This has allowed us to investigate the effects of stoichiometry variations in the nanoparticles with no change in size. The unit cell volume, lattice constants and orthorhombic strains of the as prepared sample (with $$\delta$$
δ
= 2.74) are changed by incorporation of oxygen by electrochemical oxidation which in turns affects the magnetic properties. In addition, oxidation leads to change in oxygen stoichiometry of the magnetically “dead” surface layer on the nanoparticles which also affects their magnetization and coercive field.
Intentional intoxication with monkshood plant leading to atrioventricular dissociation and ventricular ectopy in a 17-year-old female: a case report
Authors: Klokman V. W. , Tempelaar S. , Kuipers B. C. W. , van Dijk I. A. G. , Moviat M. A. M.
Published: February 2024

Background

Monkshood, a toxic plant containing a potent cardio- and neurotoxin called aconitine, can lead to a range of symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. Mortality associated with this intoxication are due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias which are difficult to treat and often refractory in nature.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 17-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency department after intentionally ingesting a monkshood plant and developed atrioventricular dissociation and frequent ventricular ectopy. The patient was successfully treated with activated charcoal, supportive care, and cardiac monitoring.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of early recognition of aconitine poisoning and the need for prompt supportive care, cardiac rhythm monitoring, and preemptive antiarrhythmic treatment planning.
Host-specific co-evolution likely driven by diet in Buchnera aphidicola
Authors: Burger N. Francois V. , Nicolis Vittorio F. , Botha Anna-Maria
Published: February 2024

Background

Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Kurd.) is a severe pest to wheat, and even though resistance varieties are available to curb this pest, they are becoming obsolete with the development of new virulent aphid populations. Unlike many other aphids, D noxia only harbours a single endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola. Considering the importance of Buchnera, this study aimed to elucidate commonalities and dissimilarities between various hosts, to better understand its distinctiveness within its symbiotic relationship with D. noxia. To do so, the genome of the D. noxia’s Buchnera was assembled and compared to those of other aphid species that feed on diverse host species.

Results

The overall importance of several features such as gene length and percentage GC content was found to be critical for the maintenance of Buchnera genes when compared to their closest free-living relative, Escherichia coli. Buchnera protein coding genes were found to have percentage GC contents that tended towards a mean of ~ 26% which had strong correlation to their identity to their E. coli homologs. Several SNPs were identified between different aphid populations and multiple isolates of Buchnera were confirmed in single aphids.

Conclusions

Establishing the strong correlation of percentage GC content of protein coding genes and gene identity will allow for identifying which genes will be lost in the continually shrinking Buchnera genome. This is also the first report of a parthenogenically reproducing aphid that hosts multiple Buchnera strains in a single aphid, raising questions regarding the benefits of maintaining multiple strains. We also found preliminary evidence for post-transcriptional regulation of Buchnera genes in the form of polyadenylation.
Passionfruit Genomic Database (PGD): a comprehensive resource for passionfruit genomics
Authors: Yu Chaowei , Wang Peng , Zhang Shengjie , Liu Jindian , Cheng Yingyin , Zhang Songbai , Wu Zujian
Published: February 2024

Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) is a significant fruit crop in the commercial sector, owing to its high nutritional and medicinal value. The advent of high-throughput genomics sequencing technology has led to the publication of a vast amount of passionfruit omics data, encompassing complete genome sequences and transcriptome data under diverse stress conditions. To facilitate the efficient integration, storage, and analysis of these large-scale datasets, and to enable researchers to effectively utilize these omics data, we developed the first passionfruit genome database (PGD). The PGD platform comprises a diverse range of functional modules, including a genome browser, search function, heatmap, gene expression patterns, various tools, sequence alignment, and batch download, thereby providing a user-friendly interface. Additionally, supplementary practical tools have been developed for the PGD, such as gene family analysis tools, gene ontology (GO) terms, a pathway enrichment analysis, and other data analysis and mining tools, which enhance the data’s utilization value. By leveraging the database’s robust scalability, the intention is to continue to collect and integrate passionfruit omics data in the PGD, providing comprehensive and in-depth support for passionfruit research. The PGD is freely accessible via http://passionfruit.com.cn.
Transcriptome analysis of the transition from primary to secondary growth of vertical stem in Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Zhou Fangping , Zhang Haonan , Chen Shanshan , Fan Chunjie
Published: February 2024

Eucalyptus was one of the most cultivated hardwood species worldwide, with rapid growth, good wood properties and a wide range of adaptability. Eucalyptus stem undergoes primary growth (longitudinal growth) followed by secondary growth (radial growth), which produces biomass that is an important source of energy worldwide. In order to better understand the genetic regulation of secondary growth in Eucalyptus grandis, Transcriptome analyses in stem segments along a developmental gradient from the third internode to the eleventh internode of E. grandis that spanned primary to secondary growth were carried out. 5,149 genes that were differentially expressed during stem development were identified. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) selected from 868 DEGs with high connectivity were found to be closely correlated with secondary growth. Results revealed that the differential expression of these DEGs suggests that they may involve in the primary growth or secondary growth. AP1, YAB2 TFs and EXP genes are highly expressed in the IN3, whereas NAC, MYB TFs are likely to be important for secondary growth. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events of secondary growth and provide a foundation for future studies on wood formation in Eucalyptus.
Identifying optimal ALK inhibitors in first- and second-line treatment of patients with advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Mingye , Shao Taihang , Shao Hanqiao , Zhou Caicun , Tang Wenxi
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To compare the efficacy, safety and effects on quality of life of different ALK-inhibitors for global and Asian patients with advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

The included RCTs were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, and major cancer conferences. The assessment of progression-free survival (PFS), intracranial PFS, overall survival (OS), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) was carried out using restricted mean survival time (RMST) model, fractional polynomial model and Royston-Parmar model. Time-invariant hazard ratio (HR) models were also used to validate and supplement the primary analysis. Objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events with any grade, grade 3–5 were assessed through a Bayesian network meta-analysis. The primary measures for OS, PFS, and PROs were HR and RMST. The odds ratio was the metric for evaluating safety, ORR, 12-month PFS rate, 24-month OS rate, and the 12-month non-deterioration rate of PROs. Subgroup analyses based on patient characteristics were performed.

Results

A total of fourteen studies (ten for first-line, four for second-line) consisting of nine treatments (chemotherapy, crizotinib, alectinib [600mg BID], low-dose alectinib [300mg BID], brigatinib, ceritinib, ensartinib, envonalkib, and lorlatinib) were included. In the first-line setting, alectinib showed a significant advantage over crizotinib and had the longest OS among all ALK-inhibitors. Compared to crizotinib, lorlatinib had the best efficacy regarding PFS for global patients, followed closely by alectinib and brigatinib. For Asian patients, alectinib significantly improved PFS compared to other treatments. In second-line, alectinib had the highest PFS for patients pretreated with crizotinib, followed by brigatinib, ceritinib and chemotherapy. Alectinib, irrespective of the dose, was the safest first-line option, whereas lorlatinib, brigatinib, and ceritinib showed poorer safety profiles. Alectinib was also the safest ALK-inhibitor for crizotinib-resistant patients. Brigatinib had the best performance in terms of PROs.

Conclusions

Considering both efficacy and safety, alectinib appears to be the preferable treatment in first-line and second-line, particularly for Asian patients.
Linear growth beyond 24 months and child neurodevelopment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Upadhyay Ravi Prakash , Pathak Barsha Gadapani , Raut Shrish Vijaykumar , Kumar Dilesh , Singh Diksha , Sudfeld Christopher R. , Strand Tor A. , Taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita
Published: February 2024

Aim

To synthesize available evidence on the association between change in linear growth (height for age z score, HAZ) beyond the first two years of life with later child neurodevelopment outcomes in Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for cohort studies on the association between change in HAZ after age two and neurodevelopment outcomes in middle or late childhood. Data extraction was done independently by two reviewers.

Results

A total of 21 studies, that included 64,562 children from 13 LMICs were identified. Each unit increase in change in HAZ above two years is associated with a + 0.01 increase (N = 8 studies, 27,393 children) in the cognitive scores at 3.5 to 12 years of age and a + 0.05-standard deviation (SD) increase (95% CI 0.02 to 0.08, N = 3 studies, 17,830 children) in the language score at 5 to 15 years of age. No significant association of change in HAZ with motor (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.04; 95% CI: -0.10, 0.18, N = 1 study, 966 children) or socio-emotional scores (SMD 0.00; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.01, N = 4 studies, 14,616 participants) was observed.

Conclusion

Changes in HAZ after the first two years of life appear to have a small or no association with child neurodevelopment outcomes in LMICs.
Association between dietary sugar intake and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018
Authors: Zhang Lu , Sun Haiyang , Liu Zihui , Yang Jiguo , Liu Yuanxiang
Published: February 2024

Background

Studies examining whether diet sugar intake increases the risk of depression have produced inconsistent results. Therefore, we investigated this relationship, using the US’ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 18,439 adults (aged ≥ 20 years) from NHANES (2011–2018). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the nine-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Covariates, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty-income ratio, education, marital status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, and dietary energy intake, were adjusted in multivariate logistic regression models. Subgroup and threshold saturation effect analyses were performed.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that a 100 g/day increase in dietary sugar intake correlated with a 28% higher prevalence of depression (odds ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.17–1.40, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Dietary sugar intake is positively associated with depression in US adults.
Impact of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders on quality of life, hedonic experiences and psychiatric dimensions in general population
Authors: Dumas Louise-Emilie , Vandersteen Clair , Metelkina-Fernandez Victoria , Gros Auriane , Auby Philippe , Askenazy-Gittard Florence
Published: February 2024

Background and objective

Olfactory disorders in COVID-19 impact quality of life and may lead to psychological impairments. Prevalence ranges from 8 to 85%, persisting in about 30% of cases. This study aimed to evaluate the 6-month post-COVID-19 impact on quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression due to olfactory disorders. Additionally, it sought to compare psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations.

Methods

A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted over baseline (T0) and 6 months (T1) on individuals with persistent olfactory disorders post-COVID-19 for more than 6 weeks. Psychophysical tests employed the Sniffin’ Sticks Test® (TDI score), and self-perceived olfactory evaluation used a Visual Analogue Scale. Quality of life was assessed with an Olfactive Disorder Questionnaire and the French version of the Quality of Life and Diet Questionnaire. Hedonic experiences were gauged using the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, while anxiety and depression dimensions were measured by The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Post Traumatic Stress Checklist Scale, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Participants were classified into the “normosmic group” (NG) and the “olfactory disorders group” (ODG) at T0 and T1 based on the TDI score.

Results

Were included 56 participants (58.93% women, 41.07% men) with a mean age of 39.04 years and a mean duration of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders of 5.32 months. At T1, ODG had a significantly lower quality of life and hedonic experiences than NG. No significant differences in anxiety and depression dimensions were observed between groups. At T0, psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations were significantly correlated with quality of life and hedonic experiences in both groups. At T1, self-perceived olfactory evaluation in NG correlated significantly with quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression dimensions, whereas ODG only correlated with hedonic experiences.

Conclusion

Individuals with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders after six months demonstrated compromised quality of life and hedonic experiences. Self-perceived olfactory evaluation played a more significant role in influencing quality of life and the dimension of anxiety and depression than the psychophysical presence of olfactory disorders. These findings emphasize the importance of considering patients’ perceptions to comprehensively assess the impact of olfactory disorders on their well-being.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov number (ID: NCT04799977).
Knowledge about age-related eye diseases in the general population in Germany
Authors: Terheyden Jan Henrik , Fink David J. , Mercieca Karl , Wintergerst Maximilian W. M. , Holz Frank G. , Finger Robert P.
Published: February 2024

Background

With a rising prevalence of age-related eye diseases, prevention and early diagnosis of these conditions are key goals of public eye health. Disease-related knowledge in the general public supports these goals but there is little data available. Thus, we have assessed knowledge of cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic eye disease in the German adult general population in a cross-sectional study and identified target groups for health education interventions.

Methods

Knowledge assessment content was identified based on a literature review, expert input, and a list of items was generated after a qualitative selection process. The resulting 16-item instrument (4 items per condition) was administered to 1,008 participants from a survey panel, demographically representative of the adult German population. Test properties were evaluated based on a Rasch model and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Binary-logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate associations with age, sex, education level, employment status, marital status, income, reported health status, visual difficulties, and recent general practitioner (GP) and ophthalmologist consultations.

Results

Replies were correct for a median of 9 out of 16 (range 2 – 16) items, which differed between conditions (p < 0.0001). Most responses were correct for cataract items (median: 3 / 4) and least were correct for AMD items (median: 2 / 4). 27%, 9%, 1% and 19% of respondents replied correctly to all cataract, glaucoma, AMD and diabetic eye disease-related items, respectively. Rasch analysis suggested an adequate targeting of items and in MCA, no evidence of multidimensionality was present. Older age, being retired, decreased general health and recent GP or ophthalmology consultations were significantly associated with more knowledge about common eye conditions (p ≤ 0.005). GP or ophthalmology consultations remained significant in a multivariable model (p ≤ 0.011).

Conclusions

Knowledge gaps regarding eye health are considerable in the German general population and should therefore be addressed in educational interventions targeting the public. Special attention when designing such campaigns needs to be paid to infrequent users of the healthcare system. Knowledge of AMD seems to be poorer compared to other eye conditions.