bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Neurogenesis in the Larval and Adult Zebrafish Hypothalamus
Authors: Male Ira , Ozacar A. Tuba , Fagan Rita R. , Loring Matthew D. , Shen Meng-Chieh , Pace Veronica A. , Devine Christine A. , Lawson Grace E. , Lutservitz Alyssa , Karlstrom Rolf O.
Published: October 2020

Neurogenesis is now known to play a role in adult hypothalamic function, yet the cell-cell mechanisms regulating this neurogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Hedgehog (Hh)/Gli signaling positively regulates hypothalamic neurogenesis in both larval and adult zebrafish and is necessary and sufficient for normal hypothalamic proliferation rates. Hh-responsive radial glia represent a relatively highly proliferative precursor population that gives rise to dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic neurons.In situand transgenic reporter analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity in cell-cell signaling within the hypothalamic niche, with slow cycling Nestin-expressing cells residing among distinct and overlapping populations of Sonic Hh (Shh)-expressing, Hh-responsive, Notch-responsive, and Wnt-responsive radial glia. This work shows for the first time that Hh/Gli signaling is a key component of the complex cell-cell signaling environment that regulates hypothalamic neurogenesis throughout life.
Estrategia para el fortalecimiento y seguimiento de las competencias genéricas en el contexto universitario
Authors: Salamanca Leguizamón Carolina , Neira Camacho Sandra Milena , Medina Díaz Eulalia
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo da a conocer resultados de la investigación “Fortalecimiento del desarrollo de competencias genéricas en estudiantes universitarios a partir de un modelo de evaluación externa”, desarrollada desde el enfoque cualitativo, con diseño de investigación-acción educativa con docentes del programa de Licenciatura de Educación Infantil de la Fundación Universitaria de San Gil (Unisangil). Como resultado se diseñó una estrategia educativa para el fortalecimiento de las competencias genéricas en estudiantes de programas académicos de una institución de educación superior colombiana, en especial para el diseño y aplicación de actividades de aula desde la actualización de documentos que soportan el currículo y una guía para orientar el proceso. Se concluyó que hacer uso tanto de las competencias genéricas propuestas por el Icfes como de las competencias asumidas por la ies, en el diseño de sílabos y planes de trabajo, resulta útil para la ejecución y seguimiento de las actividades de aula y los aprendizajes.
El papel del profesor-asesor en el prácticum de la Licenciatura en Educación Física, Recreación y Deporte
Authors: Ayala-Zuluaga Carlos Federico , Orozco-Sánchez Cristian Camilo
Published: October 2020

Este artículo está basado en resultados de los proyectos investigativos “Orientações pedagógicas no estágio supervisionado de educação física na Colômbia, Brasil, Argentina e Chile” y “Sentidos de los modos corporales y saberes docentes del prácticum en Educación Física, Recreación y Deporte de la Universidad de Caldas”, motivados por el interés de comprender el papel y las características del profesor-asesor en la formación del practicante-profesor, en el contexto del prácticum de la Licenciatura en Educación Física, Recreación y Deporte. Se trata de un diseño investigativo apoyado en el enfoque cualitativo, de corte histórico-descriptivo-hermenéutico, con estudio de caso múltiple, técnicas de entrevista en profundidad y análisis documental. En este contexto, los resultados presentados se centran en el rol de profesor-asesor desde la reflexión, acción, orientación, asesoría y relación con actores del prácticum, para aportar en el conocimiento de las prácticas docentes, el rol de profesor-asesor y la visión de los practicantes-profesores sobre este, y cómo se articulan saberes docentes facilitando acciones didácticas y fortaleciendo la identidad docente.
Las TIC/TAC: subjetividades de los jóvenes universitarios en Montería
Authors: Álvarez Quiroz Glenis Bibiana , Vélez de la Calle Claudia del Pilar , Londoño-Vásquez David Alberto
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo analiza las subjetividades que se están generando en los jóvenes universitarios de Montería sobre las tecnologías y los tránsitos educativos que se dan allí. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de caso desde la perspectiva epistemológica del sujeto conocido. La recolección de la información se hizo a través de observación participante, grupos focales, relatos-historias de vida y narrativas digitales. Los participantes fueron 28 jóvenes de dos universidades, de entre 18 y 23 años, de diferentes pregrados. Entre las conclusiones se tiene que las TIC/TAC tienen un papel preponderante en la construcción de subjetividades de los jóvenes, pues podrían propiciar el desarrollo de un sujeto crítico con acceso a gran cantidad de información que eventualmente, y en ciertas condiciones, convertiría en conocimiento; no obstante, también podrían generar un sujeto pasivo a la información, consumidor y con pocos procesos intelectuales. En ese sentido, se están gestando unos sujetos replicados, copiados, trasladados; es decir, jóvenes ciberhomogeneizados, que están conectados por el ciberespacio pero que, a la vez, son homogeneizados a través de su vestimenta, construcción corpórea y formas de relacionarse.
Discursos, prácticas y temáticas de maestros y maestras en primera infancia acerca de la diversidad sexual y de género: límites y posibilidades para la consolidación de una educación inclusiva
Authors: Ramírez Aristizábal Fidel Mauricio , Cardona Zuluaga Jeison Andrés
Published: October 2020

Desde inicios del presente siglo se han dado importantes desarrollos jurídicos y políticos para promover el reconocimiento, respeto y valoración de la diversidad sexual y de género; no obstante, estos esfuerzos han sido insuficientes para transformar la realidad de discriminación y violencia que enfrentan día a día estos sectores poblacionales en los ambientes escolares, lo cual se debe, principalmente, a la indiferencia con que maestros y maestras asumen este tema o a sus propios prejuicios ideológicos.  Tal situación es puesta en evidencia en el presente artículo, producto del ejercicio investigativo autoetnográfico realizado durante un proceso de formación a docentes de primera infancia de diferentes secretarías de educación a nivel nacional. Con este proceso se espera sensibilizar sobre la urgente necesidad de trabajar para formar en la construcción de ciudadanías sexuales desde el escenario educativo.
Yeast Nucleolin Nsr1 Impedes Replication and Elevates Genome Instability at an Actively Transcribed Guanine-Rich G4 DNA-Forming Sequence
Authors: Singh Shivani , Berroyer Alexandra , Kim Minseon , Kim Nayun
Published: October 2020

A significant increase in genome instability is associated with the conformational shift of a guanine-run-containing DNA strand into the four-stranded G-quadruplex (G4) DNA. The mechanism underlying the recombination and genome rearrangements following the formation of G4 DNA in vivo has been difficult to elucidate but has become better clarified by the identification and functional characterization of several key G4 DNA-binding proteins. Mammalian nucleolin (NCL) is a highly specific G4 DNA-binding protein with a well-defined role in the transcriptional regulation of genes with associated G4 DNA-forming sequence motifs at their promoters. The consequence of the in vivo interaction between G4 DNA and nucleolin in respect to the genome instability has not been previously investigated. We show here that the yeast nucleolin Nsr1 is enriched at a G4 DNA-forming sequence in vivo and is a major factor in inducing the genome instability associated with the cotranscriptionally formed G4 DNA in the yeast genome. We also show that Nsr1 results in impeding replication past such a G4 DNA-forming sequence. The G4-associated genome instability and the G4 DNA-binding in vivo require the arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) repeats located at the C-terminus of the Nsr1 protein. Nsr1 with the deletion of RGG domain supports normal cell growth and is sufficient for its pre-rRNA processing function. However, the truncation of the RGG domain of Nsr1 significantly weakens its interaction with G4 DNA in vivo and restores unhindered replication, overall resulting in a sharp reduction in the genome instability associated with a guanine-rich G4 DNA-forming sequence. Our data suggest that the interaction between Nsr1 with the intact RGG repeats and G4 DNA impairs genome stability by precluding the access of G4-resolving proteins and impeding replication.
Metagenomic analysis of bacterial and fungal community composition associated with Paulownia elongata × Paulownia fortunei
Authors: Woźniak Małgorzata , Grządziel Jarosław , Gałązka Anna , Frąc Magdalena
Published: October 2020

The dynamics and interactions of microbial communities in Paulownia’s life cycle are poorly understood. The main goal of this study was to compare the rhizospheric soil and endophytic microbiome and mycobiome of hybrid Paulownia elongata and Paulownia fortunei. The comparison was based on highly efficient Illumina MiSeq sequencing of bacteria and fungi from the rhizosphere and endosphere of bioenergetic trees P. elongata x P. fortunei. The general richness of bacteria and rhizospheric fungi (based on Chao 1, Shannon, and Simpson indicators) was higher than in endosphere samples from the same plants. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rhizosphere and endosphere of plants in healthy conditions. The rhizosphere fungal communities in both trials were dominated by Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota. Most root endophytes came from Olpidiomycota, Oomycota, and Ascomycota, while most leaf endophytes were from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. This study was the first report on the composition of bacteria and fungi associated with the endosphere and rhizosphere of Paulownia trees. These studies showed that bacterial and fungal communities from the rhizosphere and endosphere were separate communities. It also showed that the health conditions of trees did not affect the composition of endophytic microorganisms in Paulownia tissues.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОБУДОВИ ТРЕНУВАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ЮНИХ ГИРЬОВИЧЬОК 14-15 РОКІВ В БАЗОВОМУ МЕЗОЦИКЛІ ПІДГОТОВЧОГО ПЕРІОДУ РІЧНОГО МАКРОЦИКЛУ З УРАХУВАННЯМ СПЕЦИФІЧНОГО БІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЦИКЛУ
Authors: Канунова Людмила , Півень Олександр
Published: October 2020

Мета: розглянути питання щодо особливостей побудови тренувального процесу юних гирьовичьок 14-15 років в базовому мезоциклі підготовчого періоду в річному макроциклі з урахуванням особливостей специфічного біологічного циклу.

Матеріал і методи: у роботі використано методи теоретичного аналізу і узагальнення наукової інформації, системний аналіз. У дослідженні брали участь юні вихованці ДЮСШ №16 та КЗ КДЮСШ №8 м. Харкова. До експерименту були залучені 24 юних спортсменок гирьовичьок віком 14–15 років, які були розподілені на дві групи: контрольну та експериментальну по 12 спортсменок в кожній із груп. Учасниці експерименту тренувалися 3-4 рази на тиждень відповідно до розробленої методики.

Результати: представлено сучасні підходи щодо особливостей побудови тренувального процесу юних гирьовичок 14-15 років; надано детальну структуру побудови базового мезоциклу у річному макроциклі з урахуванням фаз оваріально-менструального циклу. Порівняльний аналіз показників спеціальних вправ та загальної фізичної підготовленості спортсменок контрольної та експериментальної груп на початку та в кінці експерименту показав, що рівень загальної фізичної підготовленості спортсменів експериментальної групи достовірно збільшився під впливом запропонованої методики.
Висновки: визначено, що у юних спортсменок, які займаються гирьовим спортом необхідно в базовому мезоциклі річного макроциклу здійснювати розподіл навантажень відповідно до фаз оваріально-менструального циклу. Упровадження методики тренувального процесу юних гирьовичок 14-15 років в базовому мезоциклі річного макроциклу з урахуванням фаз оваріально-менструального циклу сприяло достовірному підвищенню показників загальних та спеціально-допоміжних вправ у експериментальній групі.

Ключові слова юні спортсменки, специфічний біологічний цикл, фази оваріально-менструального циклу, мікроцикли, мезоцикли.
Participatory Ethnographic Film: Video Advocacy and Engagement with Q’eqchi’ Maya Medical Practitioners in Belize
Authors: Waldram James
Published: October 2020

There continues to be significant debate about what constitutes an “ethnographic film.” Contemporary standards for production require large budgets and sophisticated film crews, and as a result marginalizes those films produced at the local level designed to meet local needs. This article documents the process of creating a participatory ethnographic film at the behest of a group of Q’eqchi’ Maya medical practitioners in Belize. From conception through to the approval of the final cut and distribution, the project was directed by the practitioners and executed on a shoestring budget and ‘in kind’ contributions.  I argue that the genre of ethnographic film must accommodate local level aesthetic sensibilities about what constitutes a “good” representation of cultural issues, and consider the nature of the intended audience, thereby allowing space for a collaborative filmmaking process attendant to the world of the participants rather than that of international film festivals.
Trajectories of Maternal Postpartum Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Putnick Diane L. , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Bell Erin M. , Ghassabian Akhgar , Goldstein Risë B. , Robinson Sonia L. , Vafai Yassaman , Gilman Stephen E. , Yeung Edwina
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To identify homogenous depressive symptom trajectories over the postpartum period and the demographic and perinatal factors linked to different trajectories.

METHODS:

Mothers (N = 4866) were recruited for Upstate KIDS, a population-based birth cohort study, and provided assessments of depressive symptoms at 4, 12, 24, and 36 months postpartum. Maternal demographic and perinatal conditions were obtained from vital records and/or maternal report.

RESULTS:

Four depression trajectories were identified: low-stable (74.7%), characterized by low symptoms at all waves; low-increasing (8.2%), characterized by initially low but increasing symptoms; medium-decreasing (12.6%), characterized by initially moderate but remitting symptoms; and high-persistent (4.5%), characterized by high symptoms at all waves. Compared with the high-persistent group, older mothers (maximum odds ratio [OR] of the 3 comparisons: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 1.15) or those with college education (maximum OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.36 to 4.68) were more likely to be in all other symptom groups, and mothers who had a history of mood disorder (minimum OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.10) or gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis (minimum OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.68) were less likely to be in other symptom groups. Infertility treatment, multiple births, prepregnancy BMI, gestational hypertension, and infant sex were not differentially associated with depressive symptom trajectories.

CONCLUSIONS:

One-quarter of mothers in a population-based birth cohort had elevated depressive symptoms in 3 years postpartum. Screening for maternal depression beyond the postpartum period may be warranted, particularly after mood and diabetic disorders.
Burned peatlands within the Volyn region: state, dynamics, threats, ways of further use
Authors: Fesyuk Vasyl O. , Moroz Iryna A. , Chyzhevska Larysa T. , Karpiuk Zoia K. , Polianskyi Serhii V.
Published: October 2020

The consequences of peat fires are complete or partial loss of soil fertility over a considerable area of land, decrease in biodiversity, razing of unique landscapes, deterioration of the conditions for life and health of the population, disturbed carbon cycle, increase in the greenhouse gas emissions, intensification of climate change, etc. Climatic tendencies of recent years will further contribute to increase in peat fires and their negative aftermaths. Therefore, prevention of peat fires and recultivation of burned-out peatlands are extremely important nature-protective measures. The objectives of the article was evaluation of current condition of burned peatlands of Volyn Oblast, their territorial distribution, dynamics according to years, analysis of potential threats for ecological safety and development of recommendations for prevention of peat fires and overcoming the negative consequences. During the study we used: methods of collecting material, methods of statistical analysis of results, cartographic methods, methods of expert assessment. We determined that the problem of peat fires and burned peatlands is extremely relevant for Volyn Oblast, requiring development of a complex of measures to solve it. As of 2002, the area of burned peatlands in the Oblast accounted for 440 ha. For the period of 2002-14, a total of 803 ha of burned peatlands was recorded across Volyn Oblast. In 2015-19, their area increased by another 280 ha. The largest areas of burned peatlands were found in Kamin-Kashyrskyi (137.9 ha), Liubeshiv (26.72 ha), Manevychi (20.35 ha) districts. We determined the tendency towards increase in the number of fires and areas of burned peatlands starting from 2018. To prevent peat fires, two-sided (wetting and drying) regulation of water regime within reclamation systems, alkalinization of peat soils, increase in their fertility, sanding-up of dried peat soils are proposed. Also, important measures include monitoring of burned peatlands and prevention of wildfires. In order to further use, rehabilitate and recultivate burned peatlands, it is suggested to t inventorise burned peatlands, assess economic and ecological damages, develop a plan of further use of territories, determine priorities of development and propose corresponding economic and nature-protection measures.
Prospects for the development of transport network in Transcarpathia within cross-border territories with EU countries
Authors: Habchak Natalia F. , Dubis Lidiya F.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the transport network development in Transcarpathia along the border with the EU neighboring countries. The historical stages of the Transcarpathian transport network formation are considered. The main criteria for evaluation and conformity of the transport network in Ukraine have been determined in accordance with European standards. A number of legislative, regulatory, strategic and programme documents covering the development of the national transport network and border infrastructure within the study area are analyzed. The main factors proving the foreign economic activity of the Transcarpathian region towards the EU market are considered and highlighted. The capacity of transit through Ukraine and Transcarpathia within the cross-border territories are revealed. The necessity of the transport network construction is considered due to the fact that the number of passengers and cargo flows on the state border is increasing. It is described, for example, the capacity of rail and road transport across the border of Ukraine and the borders of neighbouring countries , in particular: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania. It is statistically concluded that the most congested is the Ukrainian-Hungarian border area. The main obstacles to the effective implementation of transport and transit work in the study area are identified and possible solution is proposed involving reconstruction of old units and construction of new checkpoints on the border area of Transcarpathia and its neighbouring countries. The dimensional picture of the border areas is presented: Ukraine - Poland; Ukraine - Slovakia; Ukraine - Hungary; Ukraine - Romania. Within each part the natural resource potential, transport load, features of tourism development, necessity for development and the existing transport network modernization are characterized. Suggestions for construction the new checkpoints as well as their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and discussed. The priorities of Ukrainian state policy, Transcarpathia as well as the priorities of neighbouring countries in the development of the national transport network within the cross-border territories have been determined.
Manetho
Authors: Gundacker Roman
Published: October 2020

Manetho aus Sebennytos in Unterägypten war ein Priester, der sein bekanntestes Werk, die Aegyptiaca, eine Darstellung der Geschichte Ägyptens, im 3. Jh. v. Chr. verfasste. Dieses Werk ist jedoch nur in überarbeiteter Form und nur in Exzerpten späterer antiker Autoren überliefert, sodass der ursprüngliche Text nicht mehr rekonstruiert werden kann. Bedeutsam sind seine auf älteren Quellen basierende Darstellung der Abfolge der Herrscher Ägyptens in einer Königsliste sowie seine Einteilung der Geschichte Ägyptens in Dynastien, die die Ägyptologie bis heute prägt. Seine sonstigen Werke, die von der ägyptischen Religion handelten, sind ebenfalls nur äußerst bruchstückhaft überliefert.
Influence of Baikal EM1 preparation on the productive parameters of bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) during spring and autumn feeding
Authors: Shumkova R. , Balkanska R.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Baikal EM1 on the productive parameters of the bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) during spring and autumn feeding and the chemical composition of the worker bee bodies. Two groups of bee colonies were formed (1 experimental group and 1 control group). During the spring feeding the experimental group was fed with Baikal ЕМ1 at a dose of 5 ml/0.500 L added in the sugar syrup (sugar:water 1:1) for 4 consecutive days at the start of the experiment. Each bee colony received 5 L sugar syrup. During the autumn feeding the experimental group received Baikal ЕМ1 at a dose of 20 ml/10 L sugar syrup. Each bee colony received 10 L sugar syrup. The control group received only sugar syrup. The spring and autumn feeding of the group fed with Baikal EM1 significantly increases the strength of the bee colonies and the amount of the sealed worker brood compared to the control group. According to the results obtained for the strength of the bee colonies and the bee brood supplementary feeding with Baikal EM1 is very effective in the autumn feeding. For these two parameters there are significant differences between the experimental and control on 29.08. (p<0.01), 10.09. (p<0.05) and 22.09.2018 (p<0.01). Statistically significant differences were reported for the strength of the bee colonies (p<0.01) and the amount of sealed worker brood (p<0.001) in the experimental group receiving Baikal EM1 before wintering compared to the control group. It can be expected to reveal a tendency for better spring development in the next year. Feeding with Baikal EM1 does not affect the chemical composition of worker bee bodies.
Growth and yield of orange (Washington Navel 141) grafted on different citrus rootstocks
Authors: Ibrahim Alaa Suhiel
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This investigation was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 in the field of the citrus experimental station in Ciano, the general corps of scientific agricultural researches. The growth and yield of orange trees (Washington navel 141) budded on seven citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Troyer citrange, Carrizo citrange, Citrumelo 4475, Citrumelo 1452, Macrophylla and Cleopatra mandarin) and farmed since 1989 have been studied. The results for the average of yield showed that the trees grafted on Cleopatra mandarin (58.33 kg. tree-1) were significantly superior to those grafted on Macrophylla (34.17 kg. tree-1). Orange trees grafted on Citrumelo 4475 and Citrumelo 1452 were significantly superior to other treatments in trunk section area of the rootstock (922.41 and 841.02 cm2, respectively). The greatest fruit fresh weight was in trees grafted on Citrumelo 4475 (284.85 g. fruit-1) which were significantly superior to those grafted on Carrizo and Troyer citrange (232.49 and 236.06 g. fruit-1, respectively). The biggest total soluble solids (%) was in trees grafted on Carrizo and Troyer citrange (12.83% for both treatments) which were significantly superior to those grafted on Sour orangе and Macrophylla (11.5% for both treatments), while the greatest total acids (%) was by Sour orange (2.08%) without significant differences.
Some physical properties of lentil seeds affected by harvest time
Authors: Gürsoy S.
Published: October 2020

Abstract: The physical properties and the hardness of lentil seeds, which can also be affected by harvest times, are very important variables in the designing and adjustment of machineries used during harvest, handling and other processes. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different harvest times on some physical and mechanical properties of lentil seeds. A field experiment was conducted at six harvest times including the harvesting at physiological maturity (H1) and 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after physiological maturity (H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6, respectively). The variables determined were moisture content, diameter, thickness, sphericity, seed mass, bulk density, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds. It was found that seed moisture content, seed dimensions, seed mass and bulk density decreased with delayed harvest time. However, sphericity, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds increased with increased harvest time.
Influence of enzymes with different activity on dynamics of buffalo milk coagulation parameters
Authors: Karacheviev Y. , Galabov V. , Аngelova Т. , Yordanova D. , Karabashev V.
Published: October 2020

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 5 species of chymosin with different concentrations on the dynamics of the traits measured by mechanical lactodynamograph, characterizing the coagulation ability of buffalo milk. The coagulation properties of buffalo milk were evaluated on 420 milk samples taken during morning milking from whole milk. Five enzymes (MAXIREN 600, FROMASE 750, MAHIREN XDS, MAXIREN 180 and MAXIREN PREM P) were tested with 4 concentrations each and one control group with a standard, recommended by the manufacturer of the biosensor – mechanical lactodynamometer chymosin (Polo Trade – Computerized Renneting Meter, Italy). The effect of the concentration of each enzyme was determined by examining 20 milk samples. The use of enzymes at various concentrations resulted in substantial variation in the magnitude and direction of changes. Different chymosins with different concentrations actively affect the curd firmness. The shorter coagulation time will provide sufficient time for the curd firming time and its curd firmness. Over 50% of milk samples coagulate by 6 minutes. The effects of enzymes and their different concentrations on measurement were in different groups, which in our opinion was a good prerequisite for using the obtained data for modelling of the measurement process.
The role of the Cellular Antioxidant Defense System on Oxidative Stress in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: TEMİZ Ayetullah , IŞIK Mesut , ALBAYRAK Yavuz , DURAN Hatice Esra , ASLAN Adem , DEMİR Yeliz , ALBAYRAK Ayse , IŞIK Mesut , BEYDEMİR Şükrü
Published: October 2020

It is known that free radicals, their products and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with many diseases. The study focuses on both some changes in oxidative stress factors in patients with acute appendicitis (AA) and the changes of GST and PON1 enzyme activities in the metabolism. This study involved control group (n = 31) and the study group (n = 52). In the groups, some changes in oxidative stress factors and GST and PON1 enzyme activities which play an important role in metabolism were determined. There are changes in GST activity between study and control groups. The activity of the enzyme were significantly higher in AA groups (p < 0.01) than control. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in acute perforated appendicitis (PeA) groups were found significantly higher than control (p
Estimates of the Solution of the Balance Model Considering the Environmental Factor and Investment
Authors: Pavlova Marina , Tolmacheva Larisa , Nazarova Elena
Published: October 2020

The article explains the nonlinear balance model that considers disposal and recycling of wastes and investments. The suggested model is the equilibrium prices model in which the costs of harmful wastage disposal and recycling are considered. Besides, there are nonlinear interrelations between the branches of production, which allows us to predict the release of useful products, which is necessary for the economistsanalysts who are engaged in forecasting the manufactured products. For the model which is described by a system of differential equations, the conditions are created when the system of differential equations has only one solution. The paper defines the conditions under which this model is solvable and has a nonnegative solution, if at the same time the given values can be negative. For the model the methods of creating bilateral estimated solutions are adapted; the method of improving bilateral estimation is offered. Unlike the methods of searching the precise solution, the application of the method of bilateral estimation facilitates successful solution of tasks with big dimension of the processed models, without resorting to direct integration. The results of this article can be used in the solution of specific tasks of mathematics, economics, biology and other tasks with nonlinear interrelations.
Development of the Personnel Potential of a Sanatorium-Resort Complex in the Digital Transformation of Economy
Authors: Simchenko Natalia , Yanovskaya Anna
Published: October 2020

The existing organizational and economic relations of health resort institutions of the Republic of Crimea and the impact of their personnel potential on improving the quality of medical services predetermine the need to develop a proposal to increase the export of medical services in the health resort complex of the Republic of Crimea through the transformation of staff competencies in the conditions of digitalization. The study of foreign and domestic scientific papers reveals the impact of the digitalization process on the transformation of employment, as well as the relationship between the three components of the effective work process: automation, employment and labor productivity. In the process of analyzing official statistical indicators of the health resort sector, it has been determined that the revenue from the services provided by health resort organizations has a growing trend. At the same time, the values of indicators of the average number of employees of health resorts and the number of accommodated foreign citizens have the greatest negative deviation. Based on the results of the study, a model of key competencies of personnel providing medical, therapeutic, health and rehabilitation services in the sanatoriumresort complex has been developed. The model is aimed at increasing the quality of health resort services and attracting additional numbers of not only Russian citizens, but also foreign citizens. The integrated model of key competencies is universal and can be applied to any position and field of activity.
Audit in the Conditions of Digital Economy
Authors: Fedorcova Varvara
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the development of audit while applying smart technologies of economy in the digital economy of Russia. The aim of the work is to determine the development of digital audit, which allows timely identification of errors in the process of recording the activities of subjects. It is proposed to introduce the definition of “digital audit”. The paper considers the features of conducting and developing digital audit. The author determines the significance of the normative work when regulating digital audit and the need to use a single system of information technologies to increase the efficiency of audits. The main requirements, indicators of digital audit and methods for improving it to assess the activities of entities in accordance with the development program are highlighted. The rationale for the introduction of digital economy in the public and private sectors, in particular the improvement of internal and external auditing, is substantiated. It is necessary to create a digital infrastructure for supporting analytical activities, improving feedback procedures, implementing analytics systems and supporting decision-making based on digital data. It is emphasized that the focus of the control system is the place of audit in the considered connection “goal – means – result”. An important aspect of audit is the risk-oriented result aimed at interacting and improving the information exchange of control and accounting bodies of subjects and state (municipal) authorities with the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, at creating a unified anti-corruption system, at increasing mechanisms for preventing crime. The well-developed methodology base allows timely identification and analysis of problems, formation of a rational plan for checking (performing work) and efficiently allocating resources, identifying performers random errors or cases of fraud, and identifying violations during internal procedures. The main indicators of digital audit are analyzed based on the results of the implementation of the strategic development program for 2018–2019.
Transformational Factors of the Development and Implementation of the Innovation Capacity of Regional Economy
Authors: Antonenko Igor , Sidorovich Tatiana
Published: October 2020

The author focuses on the analysis of the conditions necessary for the development of innovation capacity of economy and distinguishes two groups of factors – transformational factors (presented by the human factor – A, technological factor – T, natural factor – Rn) and transactional factors (presented by the institutional factor – Ins, organizational factor – O, informational factor – Inf) – contributing to the development of innovation capacity. Human capital is the historical form of the human factor with intellectual capital as its integral component in the form of resources of intellectual activity which enhances the intellectual capacity and innovation capacity of the region. The technical factor which contributes to the development of the innovation capacity of economy implements the resource element of innovation capacity and results in knowledge-intensive industries where technological changes are defined by the sectoral and technological specialization and differ by their degree of knowledge intensity. The nature factor plays an important role in the development of the innovation capacity of economy, defines its technological base and has an impact on the scale of innovation activity. Natural recourses influence innovation capacity by means of the components of natural environment which are used as means of production or commodities. The role of the nature-resource factor in the structure of innovation capacity and innovation system increases with the abundance of extractive industries and decreases with the processing of raw materials. The human factor is considered to be the major one for the development of innovation capacity, it integrates the functions of technological, organizational and nature factors and contributes to the implementation of the innovation capacity of economy.
A mutant p53/Hif1α/miR-30d axis reprograms the secretory pathway promoting the release of a prometastatic secretome
Authors: Capaci Valeria , Mantovani Fiamma , Del Sal Giannino
Published: October 2020

TP53 missense mutations are frequent driver events during tumorigenesis. The majority of TP53 mutations are missense and occur within the DNA binding domain of p53, leading to expression of mutant p53 (mut-p53) proteins that not only lose the tumor suppressive functions of the wild-type (wt-p53) form, but can also acquire novel oncogenic features fostering tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance. Mut-p53 affects fundamental cellular pathways and functions through different mechanisms, a major one being the alteration of gene expression. In our recent work (Capaci et al., 2020, Nat Commun) we found that mut-p53, via miR-30d, modifies structure and function of the Golgi apparatus (GA) and induces increased rate of trafficking. This culminates in the release of a pro-malignant secretome, which is capable of remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME), to increase stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM), favouring metastatic colonization, as shown by cell-based assays and experiments of metastatic niche preconditioning in mouse xenograft models. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which mut-p53, through induction of non-coding RNAs, can exert pro-tumorigenic functions in a non-cell-autonomous fashion, and highlights potential non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat tumors harboring mut-p53 (Figure 1).
God's Law and the Wide Screen: The Ten Commandments as Cold War “Epic”
Authors: Nadel Alan
Published: October 2020

Cecil B. deMille's Ten Commandments can be read as a major product of American cold war ideology, highlighting and localizing the foci of America's political, theological, and economic conflicts. The apparatus of wide-screen technology resolves these conflicts visually by mediating a series of gazes in an economy that equates God's perspective with American interests during the cold war and those interests with the rigidity of gender roles, the commodification of women, the representation of “true” Jews as proto-Christians, and the reclamation of the Middle East as legitimately within the American (Christian) sphere of influence. In making “truth” and “freedom” contingent on Christian doctrine, deMille distinguishes himself from the filmmakers investigated by the House Un-American Activities Committee, and, as the son of a would-be minister turned playwright, he also redeems himself for being a maker of false images by suggesting that the supplementary status of film can allow the true representation of God's Word.
Editor's Column
Authors: Conarroe Joel
Published: October 2020

The editor's column in the March issue raised some questions about the recent decline in the number of essays submitted by men, about the merits of anonymous submissions and of our evaluation process, and about other matters. I invited members to share their thoughts on PMLA as a place to publish, and the responses are abundant, invigorating, dispiriting, quotable, predictable, and wonderfully informative. Since the scores of letters constitute a kind of informal survey, the first we have conducted for some time, I want to share some of the more telling observations, as well as the patterns that seem to emerge.
Guest Column: The Fate of Reading Once More
Authors: Hartman Geoffrey H.
Published: October 2020

“The fate of reading,” a heavy phrase for which I bear some responsibility, suggests at least a subprophetic talent for anticipating future developments. When things get out of hand, when they seem to speed up, it is tempting to master by very large claims one's panic at being left behind, at becoming obsolete. In literary criticism too, someone redraws the map each year, but new movements quickly become as obsolete as those they displaced.
Introduction: “Tell Me, Sir, … What Is ‘Black’ Literature?”
Authors: Gates Henry Louis
Published: October 2020

For those of us who were students or professors of African or African American literature in the late sixties or through the seventies, it is a thing of wonder to behold the various ways in which our specialties and the works we explicate and teach have moved, if not exactly from the margins to the center of the profession of literature, at least from defensive postures to a position of generally accepted validity. My own graduate students often greet with polite skepticism an anecdote I draw on in the introduction to my seminars. When I was a student at the University of Cambridge, Wole Soyinka, recently released from a two-year confinement in a Nigerian prison, was on campus to deliver a lecture series on African literature (collected and published by Cambridge in 1976 under the title Myth, Literature, and the African World). Soyinka had come to Cambridge in 1973 from Ghana, where he had been living in exile, ostensibly to assume a two-year lectureship in the faculty of English. To his astonishment, as he told me in our first supervision, the faculty of English apparently did not recognize African literature as a legitimate area of study within the “English” tripos, so he had been forced to accept an appointment in social anthropology, of all things! (Much later, the distinguished Nigerian literary scholar Emmanuel Obiechina related a similar tale when I asked him why he had taken his Cambridge doctorate in social anthropology.) Shortly after I heard Soyinka's story, I asked the tutor in English at Clare College, Cambridge, why Soyinka had been treated this way, explaining as politely as I could that I would very much like to write a doctoral thesis on “black literature.” To which the tutor replied with great disdain, “Tell me, sir, … what is black literature?” When I responded with a veritable bibliography of texts written by authors who were black, his evident irritation informed me that I had taken as a serious request for information what he had intended as a rhetorical question.
The Monstrosity of Human Rights
Authors: Cadava Eduardo
Published: October 2020

Fellow citizens! I will not enlarge further on your national inconsistencies. The existence of slavery in this country brands your republicanism as a sham, your humanity as a base pretence, and your Christianity as a lie. It destroys your moral power abroad; it corrupts your politicians at home … it makes your name a hissing, and a byword to a mocking earth. It is the antagonistic force in your government…. It fetters your progress; it is the enemy of improvement, the deadly foe of education; it fosters pride; it breeds insolence; it promotes vice; it shelters crime; it is a curse to the earth that supports it; and yet, you cling to it, as if it were the sheet anchor of all your hopes. Oh! be warned! be warned! a horrible reptile is coiled up in your nation's bosom; the venomous creature is nursing at the tender breast of your youthful republic: for the love of God, tear awayand fling from you this hideous monster, andlet the weight of twenty million crush and destroy it forever.

—Frederick Douglass

“What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” (383–84)

In his now famous address on the meaning of the Fourth of July to the slave, Frederick Douglass seeks to delineate the various ways in which the persistence of slavery in a nation that was founded on the virtues of freedom, liberty, and equality produces a national ideology traversed by ambiguities, tensions, and contradictions. Suggesting that the experience of freedom cannot be thought apart from that of slavery, that abstract equality can only be imagined alongside the story of black subjection, he argues that these inconsistencies have two consequences. They derail the course of American democracy, and they leave their most painful and material consequences on the lives and bodies of the slaves without whom the narratives of freedom and equality could never be written. This is why he often refers to the violence, inequality, economic oppression, and racist exclusions that have harmed and devastated so many human beings in the history of America and the history of the world. For Douglass, America finds itself in mourning the moment slavery exists, populations are removed, dispossessed, or exterminated, wealth is distributed unequally, acts of discrimination are committed in the name of democracy and freedom, and rights are withheld—and what it mourns is America itself. As he tells us in his Fourth of July oration, this mourning belongs to the long history of efforts to actualize equality, to realize, that is, the promise of the right to representation for everyone, of an America that to this day still does not exist, which is why it must always be mourned. “I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary!” he writes.“Yourhigh independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us…. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed byyourfathers, is shared byyou, not byme…. This Fourth [of] July isyours, notmine. Youmay rejoice,Imustmourn”(“What to the Slave” 368).
Who Gets to Be Human on the Evening News?
Authors: Solomon Alisa
Published: October 2020

In August 2005, America's three major TV news networks—ABC, NBC, and CBS — refused to air a thirty-second advertisement that called them out for shirking their journalistic duty. Prepared by an activist group trying to bring attention to the violence in the Darfur region of Sudan, the ad uses clips from offending newscasts and admonishes the networks for devoting far more time to covering the so-called runaway bride, the Michael Jackson trial, and Tom Cruise's love life than the bloodshed in Sudan. A scolding, stentorian voice-over declares, “You can't stop a genocide if you don't know about it.” And it urges, “Genocide is news. Tell the media to be a witness” (BeAWitness.org). The networks didn't offer any excuses when they rejected the shaming ad, but a month earlier, in the industry magazine Editor and Publisher, newspaper top brass around the country defended their own neglect of the story: John Yearwood, the world editor of the Miami Herald, explained, “If we don't cover the Michael Jacksons, that will be our demise. That is what the public wants. But we ought to make the commitment to also give Darfur or Rwanda attention if we can.” Knight Ridder's foreign editor, Steve Butler, offered an only slightly more dignified justification. “We have been keeping our Iraq coverage going and that is a more important story,” he told Editor and Publisher. “It has US soldiers there, people are very interested in it, and it lends itself better to breaking news” (qtd. in Strupp).
Language Rights
Authors: Appiah Kwame Anthony
Published: October 2020

Many liberals endorse an ideal of neutrality for the state when it comes to its relations with people of distinct identities. One model in the United States has been a certain understanding of the First Amendment, with its careful balancing of free exercise, on the one hand, and nonestablishment, on the other. In recent work I have defended such a liberal conception, which I call “neutrality as equal respect.” The basic idea is simple: state acts shouldn't disadvantage individuals because of their identities. This notion of neutrality might help flesh out what happens when we try to generalize the First Amendment paradigm from religious groups to identity groups more generally. One obvious test for such an analysis is to ask what help it offers us in thinking about how liberal states should treat language minorities.
In the Long Run: Rights, Sovereignty, and Bombing
Authors: Robbins Bruce
Published: October 2020

Will historians looking back a hundred years from now see the rise of human rights as an agent or reflection of the decline of national sovereignty? I take this question (asked at a recent meeting by Richard Wilson, director of the Human Rights Institute at the University of Connecticut) as an expression of worry about the effects that the decline of national sovereignty is likely to have, including effects on human rights themselves. Human rights advocates will recognize an obvious reason for this worry. Human rights are often seen, correctly but narrowly, as a key line of protection against an invasive and oppressive state. But the project of winning respect for human rights also relies heavily on the state's legal and bureaucratic powers—the power to enforce, to educate, to take positive measures, and so on. This is especially true in the domain of economic, social, and cultural rights, which require for their fulfillment that states exercise what has come to be called “due diligence.” Violence against women, for example, which has only been classified as an abuse of human rights since 1993, is often perpetrated not by states but by private individuals and groups. It can come under the protection of human rights discourse only if a sovereign state, which is held responsible for intervening to punish and prevent, is strong enough to do so. Weaken national sovereignty, and you may subvert the cause of women's rights.