bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unions and collective bargaining in Australia in 2015
Authors: Pekarek Andreas , Gahan Peter
Published: April 2016

For Australian unions, 2015 was a difficult year. Union membership and agreement-making continued to decline, and unions faced intense scrutiny from the Royal Commission into Trade Union Governance and Corruption and the Productivity Commission's inquiry into workplace relations. The protection of local employment standards and the exploitation of migrant workers were at the core of prominent union campaigns. In the federal public sector, as in parts of private industry, unions faced protracted negotiations with employers. In some states, unions enjoyed a more favourable climate under Labor governments. Ahead of the forthcoming federal election, unions refocused on grassroots campaigning in marginal electorates as the prospect of legislative reforms to industrial relations looms large.
Priced to care: Factors underpinning missed care
Authors: Harvey Clare , Willis Eileen , Henderson Julie , Hamilton Patti , Toffoli Luisa , Verrall Claire , Blackman Ian , Abery Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

This article examines missed care through dialogues examining the perceptions of nurses in regard to missed care occasions. Using a critical discourse analysis (CDA), the study explores the truth claims of participants who describe the challenges they encounter in daily attempts to deliver what they consider effective patient care. These are compared to the mandates of state and organisational policy prescribing clinical practice. The boundaries of tension that are expressed by nurses within the milieu of missed care are explored through in-depth interviews. CDA is interested in social organisation and the interplay of people's activities within it, the focus being on how they construe and internalise such activity. Nurses' perceptions and realities become central to any investigation because they are often organised by more than their own intentions or motivations, with influences such as professional standards or organisational rules subconsciously locating their reality. Instead of identifying occasions of omitted care, nurses spoke of constraints related to budget, staffing, skill mix and mandated policy as constraining their ability to complete care activities. Factors emerged that suggest that missed care is the consequence of routinised and standardised practice, cited as cost effective care, at the expense of professional autonomy.
AFSCME's Social Worker Overload: Digital media stories, union advocacy and neoliberalism
Authors: La Rose Tara
Published: April 2016

This article presents a case study analysis of Social Worker Overload, a digital media story created by the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) and shared publicly using the social media site YouTube. This story uses worker testimonials to present a compelling story about the effects of neoliberalism on social care work in the field of child protection. This story illustrates how the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) in Washington State uses ‘evidence based practice’ discourses to limit the forms of knowledge that may be utilized in discussions of work overload and work design within the child protection system. Through the creation and sharing of a digital media story about their experiences, the workers present narratives demonstrating how these and other elements of neoliberalism limit the workers’ capacity to actualize the potential benefits of professional social work. Finally, the analysis considers the process of worker advocacy using digital media practices, highlighting the roll that unions play in facilitating this type of resistance.
Liminal and invisible long-term care labour: Precarity in the face of austerity
Authors: Daly Tamara , Armstrong Pat
Published: April 2016

Using feminist political economy, this article argues that companions hired privately by families to care for residents in publicly funded long-term care facilities (nursing homes) are a liminal and invisible labour force. A care gap, created by public sector austerity, has resulted in insufficient staff to meet residents’ health and social care needs. Families pay to fill this care gap in public funding with companion care, which limits demands on the state to collectively bear the costs of care for older adults. We assess companions’ work in light of Vosko’s (2015) and Rodgers and Rodgers’ (1989) dimensions for precariousness. We discuss how to classify paid care work that overlaps with paid formal and unpaid informal care. Our findings illuminate how companions’ labour is simultaneously autonomous and precarious; it fills a care gap and creates one, and can be relational compared with staffs’ task-oriented work.
Relationship Between Implementation of Collaborative Strategic Reading and Student Outcomes for Adolescents With Disabilities
Authors: Boardman Alison G. , Buckley Pamela , Vaughn Sharon , Roberts Gregory , Scornavacco Karla , Klingner Janette K.
Published: April 2016

This study examines the interaction between the fidelity of implementation of a set of research-based strategies—Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR)—and outcomes for students with mild to moderate disabilities using data from two nonoverlapping studies in middle school language arts and reading classrooms (Study 1) and middle school social studies and science classrooms (Study 2). The authors use a definition of fidelity that includes both the amount of CSR instruction delivered by teachers and the quality of implementation. Although there were no main effects for quality or amount of CSR instruction, in both studies there was an interaction effect between quality of implementation and special education status. The study used a within-groups design and multilevel analyses, and the results demonstrate that higher quality CSR instruction was associated with higher reading outcomes for students with disabilities. This finding was consistent across Study 1 and Study 2. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Alphabet Writing and Allograph Selection as Predictors of Spelling in Sentences Written by Spanish-Speaking Children Who Are Poor or Good Keyboarders
Authors: Peake Christian , Diaz Alicia , Artiles Ceferino
Published: April 2016

This study examined the relationship and degree of predictability that the fluency of writing the alphabet from memory and the selection of allographs have on measures of fluency and accuracy of spelling in a free-writing sentence task when keyboarding. The Test Estandarizado para la Evaluación de la Escritura con Teclado (“Spanish Keyboarding Writing Test”; Jiménez, 2012) was used as the assessment tool. A sample of 986 children from Grades 1 through 3 were classified according to transcription skills measured by keyboard ability (poor vs. good) across the grades. Results demonstrated that fluency in writing the alphabet and selecting allographs mediated the differences in spelling between good and poor keyboarders in the free-writing task. Execution in the allograph selection task and writing alphabet from memory had different degrees of predictability in each of the groups in explaining the level of fluency and spelling in the free-writing task sentences, depending on the grade. These results suggest that early assessment of writing by means of the computer keyboard can provide clues and guidelines for intervention and training to strengthen specific skills to improve writing performance in the early primary grades in transcription skills by keyboarding.
Sedan chairmen in eighteenth-century London
Authors: Garry Mary Anne
Published: April 2016

Most household account books of the eighteenth-century London elite contain entries for ‘Sedan chairmen’, albeit they were never servants per se. Little consulted as sources for transport history, these unpublished accounts in various public and private archives in England reveal that Sedan chairmen were independent and worked for themselves. Supplemented by contemporary material, court cases, diaries and correspondence, light is shed on when Sedan chairs first appeared in London, on how the public overcame initial repugnance at the idea of being carried, on the earnings of chairmen, the hours they worked and the diverse tasks asked of them. Examples are given of chairmen’s position in London society, their status and how they regarded themselves. The sources show how chairmen responded to market forces and for over a hundred years played a part in inner London mobility and transport.
Simulation of pedestrian evacuation with blind herd mentality under adverse sight conditions
Authors: Yue Hao , Wang Shuai , Jia Xiaolu , Li Juan , Shao Chunfu
Published: April 2016

Pedestrian dynamics under adverse sight conditions is a difficult point in the field of pedestrian flow. In this paper, the simulation of pedestrian evacuation flow is carried out with blind herd mentality under adverse sight conditions. The pedestrian sight radius is introduced to describe adverse sight conditions, based on which blind following movement is adopted to describe the blind herd mentality of pedestrians in the door-invisible area. A special technology is introduced to compute the transition payoff in the dynamic parameter model to crystallize blind following movement, in which the concepts of choice vector, velocity vector, and direction similarity are introduced. Simulation results indicate that evacuation time under adverse sight conditions declines with increases in sight radius and gradually reaches a stable situation. It was found that evacuation time will rely on sight radius, initial density, and exit width. It was also observed that pedestrians blindly walk in herd-like patterns and crowd around the wall in the door-invisible area. Compared with the published model, the improved model is more effective in reducing evacuation time and dependence on sight radius. The extended model with internal layout and heterogeneous movement rules in a room is discussed as a possible future direction.
Spatial housing economics: A survey
Authors: Meen Geoffrey
Published: April 2016

This introduction to the virtual special issue surveys the development of spatial housing economics from its roots in neoclassical theory, through more recent developments in social interactions modelling, and touching on the role of institutions, path dependence and economic history. The survey also points to some of the more promising future directions for the subject that are beginning to appear in the literature. The survey covers elements of hedonic models, spatial econometrics, neighbourhood models, housing market areas, housing supply, models of segregation, migration, housing tenure, subnational house price modelling including the so-called ripple effect, and agent-based models. Possible future directions are set in the context of a selection of recent papers that have appeared in Urban Studies. Nevertheless, there are still important gaps in the literature that merit further attention, arising at least partly from emerging policy problems. These include more research on housing and biodiversity, the relationship between housing and civil unrest, the effects of changing age distributions – notably housing for the elderly – and the impact of different international institutional structures. Methodologically, developments in Big Data provide an exciting framework for future work.
Producing “Progress” Through the Implementation of Outcome Monitoring in Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment
Authors: Savic Michael , Fomiatti Renae
Published: April 2016

Outcome monitoring—a process in which clinicians use standardized tools to routinely measure client “progress” on predefined outcomes of interest over time—is increasingly being implemented in alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services as a way of demonstrating quality of care. However, relatively little is known about the implications and unintended consequences of implementing outcome monitoring in clinical and social practices. In this paper we draw on qualitative data emerging from focus groups with clinicians who piloted an outcome monitoring tool in Melbourne, Australia, using conceptual tools drawn from science and technology studies. Rather than acting as a stable empirical object, we argue that realities of progress are enacted multiply in relation to preexisting treatment discourses and policy, organizational practices of data collection and management, reporting tools, and clinician attitudes and practices. In particular, we trace how the tool orders the “problem” of drugs differently to the qualitative mode of ordering; how different modes of ordering progress hang together and the tensions and coordination strategies that are involved. And finally, we highlight an unintended consequence of the outcome monitoring process—the enactment of vulnerability and its distribution across the clinical relationship. We suggest that researchers, policy makers, and clinicians need to think reflectively and critically about the ways in which we and our tools and interventions are influential in producing AOD problems, what constitutes progress, and ultimately what the focus of treatment should be.
Automated optimization-based image-embedding approach through levels-directions decomposition framework
Authors: Kazemi MF , Pourmina MA , Mazinan AH
Published: April 2016

The present research attempts to address an automated optimization-based image-embedding approach through a levels-directions decomposition framework. The subject behind the present approach is to design colour image watermarking with a focus on contourlet representation, whereas the watermarking intensity is accurately calculated via an optimization algorithm with constraint. In the approach presented here, a number of performance monitors for watermarked and logo images are realized to deal with a new fitness function in the aforementioned optimization algorithm. It is worth noting that the first performance monitoring is organized based on the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the structural similarity, whereas the second one is organized based on the normal correlation and the bit error rate, respectively. There is a scrambling module to represent the logo information in disorder, where a number of attacks are simultaneously applied to the watermarked image in order to adjust the appropriate value for watermarking intensity to realize a robust and efficient solution. The ability of a decision maker system is manually taken into account for choosing the best levels and the corresponding directions regarding the contourlet representation, and the investigated results are considered in a number of well-known colour space models including RGB, YIQ and YCbCr. The key contribution of the present research is made based on the new integration of a set of subsystems employed in colour space models under the embedding and de-embedding processes in the contourlet representation, and the watermarking intensity is acquired through the optimization algorithm with constraint to present the competitive outcomes with respect to state-of-the-art benchmarks. The procedure for extracting the information concerning the logo image from the processed watermarked image under a number of attacks is implemented through the approach proposed, whereas there is no information about the original image and the watermarking intensity to be processed.
Labor Education and Leadership Development for Union Women
Authors: Twarog Emily E. LB. , Sherer Jennifer , O’Farrell Brigid , Coney Cheryl
Published: April 2016

What roles should women’s labor education play in the twenty-first-century labor movement? This question sparked a series of research, collaboration, and long-range planning activities undertaken by the Union Women’s Labor Education Project starting in 2013. This article builds on work undertaken to date by the Union Women’s Labor Education Project (in collaboration with the Women’s Caucus of the United Association of Labor Educator [UALE] and the Berger-Marks Foundation), presenting a new analysis of relationships among women’s labor education, leadership development, and movement building, with a particular focus on regional UALE women’s summer schools as a case study.
Denver’s Romero Theater Troupe
Authors: Walsh James
Published: April 2016

This article traces the development, method, and mission of Denver’s Romero Theater Troupe, beginning with its origins at the University of Colorado Denver. The article also connects the troupe’s process and foundation to the important antioppression work of Paulo Freire and Augusto Boal. The Romero Troupe has developed an all-volunteer, arts-based approach to community organizing and pedagogy that provides a unique model for today’s weakened labor movement. The troupe’s “organic theater” also provides a challenge to traditional forms of pedagogy that exclude too many students from working-class backgrounds.
Racial–Ethnic Socialization and Youth Ideological Formations in an Era of Diversity and Inclusion
Authors: DeFreece Alfred W.
Published: April 2016

This article introduces a special issue of Humanity & Society which aims to expand approaches to the development of racial and ethnic minority youths’ beliefs regarding the role of race and racism in shaping U.S. society. In this introduction, I highlight the increasingly contradictory nature of our public discourse on race as signaling a unique moment in which taking stock of how racial and ethnic minority youth learn race must be linked more directly to their ideological development. I suggest that at the core of these contradictions is the ethos of individualism which is both a key principle of our national identity and a pillar that sustains the racialized character of our social system. A brief review of two parallel lines of inquiry—the micro-oriented field of race and ethnic socialization and macro-sociological perspectives on the determinants of ideological formations among American Blacks—is offered in support of a call to wed insights from these fields.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine‐Needle Aspiration for Parotid and Submandibular Gland Lesions
Authors: Feinstein Aaron J. , Alonso Jose , Yang Sung‐Eun , St. John Maie
Published: April 2016

Objective

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the parotid and submandibular glands.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary referral academic center.

Subjects and Methods

Retrospective analysis was performed for all parotid and submandibular gland FNAs from a single center from 2001 to 2014. There were 1283 FNAs performed for 1076 patients. Of these, 343 cases had surgical follow‐up (parotid gland, n = 272; submandibular gland, n = 71). Cases were included where the patient had a preoperative FNA, followed by surgical excision. Correlation of preoperative FNA results to final surgical pathology was performed, with measures of diagnostic accuracy computed.

Results

Malignancy was identified in 29.0% of parotid tumors and 42.3% of submandibular tumors, based on final pathology. FNA was nondiagnostic due to insufficient cellularity for evaluation in 22 of 343 cases (6.4%) and indeterminate in 39 of 343 cases (11.4%). Diagnostic accuracy in the parotid and submandibular glands for distinguishing benign from malignant pathology was determined as follows, respectively: sensitivity, 75.0% and 91.3%; specificity, 95.1% and 94.1%; positive predictive value, 84.9% and 91.3%; and negative predictive value, 91.2% and 94.4%.

Conclusion

FNA has high accuracy in identifying malignancy in parotid and submandibular gland lesions when performed at a high‐volume center. Preoperative FNA results provide otolaryngologists with valuable diagnostic information that may influence the surgical management of salivary gland tumors. FNA, in conjunction with cross‐sectional imaging, is useful in counseling patients for a complete informed consent.
Congenital left ventricular diverticulum in an adult patient
Authors: Ozaki Nobuchika , Sato Masanobu , Inoue Kyozo , Wakita Noboru
Published: April 2016

A 64-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with palpitation and exertional dyspnea. An electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, but supraventricular tachycardia was recorded on Holter monitoring. Multidetector computed tomography revealed a small left ventricular outpouching in the apex, with a narrow connection to the ventricle and normal coronary arteries. Surgery for the left ventricular pouch was performed successfully. Histological examination demonstrated that the left ventricular diverticulum consisted of three layers of the ventricular wall, with the myocardial layer mostly replaced by fibrous tissue. The patient has been well after surgery.
Midterm results of anatomic repair in a subgroup of corrected transposition
Authors: Tocharoenchok Teerapong , Sriyoschati Somchai , Tongcharoen Punnarerk , Tantiwongkosri Kriangkrai , Subtaweesin Thaworn
Published: April 2016

Background

Anatomic repair has become the preferred option in the subgroup of patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary obstruction. We report our 14-year experience with this approach.

Methods

From April 2001 to February 2014, 22 patients with congenitally corrected transposition with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary obstruction underwent anatomic repair. Nineteen patients had a modified Senning-Rastelli procedure, 2 had a Mustard-Rastelli procedure, and one had a hemi-Mustard-Glenn-Rastelli procedure. The mean age was 10.9 years, and 8 (36.4%) patients were male.

Results

There were 2 early deaths from sepsis and ventricular failure at 18 and 81 days postoperatively, and 3 late deaths from ventricular failure at 4, 33, and 113 months postoperatively. Left ventricular failure with mitral valve regurgitation was present in 3 of the 5 patients who died. Among the survivors, 3 underwent 4 transcatheter interventions for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and 3 underwent 4 reoperations for atrial pathway obstruction, left and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, or residual shunt. At a median follow-up of 64 months (range 14–167 months), 15 of 17 survivors were in functional class I. One patient had severe mitral valve regurgitation and was awaiting valve replacement. Another patient had right ventricular outflow conduit obstruction and was scheduled for reoperation.

Conclusions

Results of atrial switch-Rastelli procedures in this subgroup of patients with corrected transposition are satisfactory but still imperfect. Mitral regurgitation might predict a poor outcome. Long-term follow-up is necessary.
Specialized versus Multi-skilled Workforce: A Newsboy Approach for Call Centre Resource Planning
Authors: Bose Dipankar , Chatterjee A. K.
Published: April 2016

In call centres, the advantage of recruiting multi-skilled workforce over specialized workforce is considered to be a useful strategy to cope with call volume uncertainty. Many researchers have developed models to identify optimal resource requirement, using queuing theory. In this article, we address the issue by exploring the resource planning problem as a variant of the classical newsboy problem. We consider a call centre with two service lines, where call volume in each line follows independent and normally distributed (IND) demand. The call centre can consider either proactive or reactive resource allocation policy. The optimal resource requirement is shown as a function of a critical ratio, similar to the classical newsboy critical ratio. Furthermore, this critical ratio determines whether optimal resource will increase or decrease with the increase in the variance in call volume. In case of multi-skilled resource, optimal resource depends on the critical ratio of less contributing service line. As the profit expression for multi-skilled resource is analytically intractable, sample based optimization is used to find the optimal expected profit. Finally, we compare the results from sample based optimization with analytical results.
Talking about terrorism: A study of vernacular discourse
Authors: Jackson Richard , Hall Gareth
Published: April 2016

This article examines a neglected dimension of the dominant discourse of terrorism, namely, the vernacular, ‘everyday narratives’ of lay members of the public. While there are many studies of elite- and public-level discourses of terrorism, large numbers of public opinion and attitude studies, and a growing number of focus group studies on vernacular understandings of security and citizenship, there are few studies which specifically focus on lay discourses of terrorism. Importantly, there are even fewer studies which employ discursive psychology and conversation analysis as their primary methodological approach. Consequently, we do not know much about how ordinary people speak about in daily conversation – and therefore, how they understand or ‘know’ – what terrorism is, how it manifests, what its causes are, and how it is best dealt with. This article reports on some of the key findings of an empirical study of vernacular discourse about terrorism carried out in Aberystwyth, Wales. It reflects on what these findings tell us about how important political discourses are expressed in different arenas by different actors, how they are consumed and circulate, how they are resisted, how hegemonic they are in practice, and how they reflect cultural dispositions and the politics of legitimacy.
Affective values in international relations: Theorizing emotional actions and the value of resilience
Authors: Roach Steven C
Published: April 2016

This article critically examines the interrelationship of values and emotions in international relations. It focuses on the different meaning of affects and emotions, and theorizes about the affective qualities of values in world politics. It defines affective values as values that arise from the ceaseless, unconscious striving(s) to contest the outside control over one’s life. In doing so, it distinguishes between negative affective values, which represent the evocation of fear, shame, and distrust to shape and project the creative energies of resistance, and positive affective values that signify the material and practical strategies that convert these energies into an awareness of one’s insecurity in the world. The article argues that the tension between positive and negative affective values allows us to understand the transformative link between emotions and values. By focusing on the norm of humanitarian intervention, it contextualizes positive affective values in terms of the new resilience initiative of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P).
Intra-articular injections of botulinum toxin a for refractory joint pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Tao , Song Hai-xin , Dong Yan , Ye Ye , Li Jian-hua
Published: April 2016

Objective:

To assess the benefit of intra-articular injection of Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for chronic refractory joint pain regardless of joint or pathology.

Data sources:

The search was performed on Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R), Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus inception through Week 12, 2016.

Trial selection:

Clinical randomized controlled trials that evaluated BoNT-A intra-articular injection in patients with refractory joint pain were included.

Data extraction:

Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction.

Results:

A total of 6 out of 284 records were included. The analysis indicated that a statistically significant decreased pain score was found in BoNT-A therapy group than control group with WMD=1.10 (95% CI: 0.35 to 1.85; P<0.001; I2=95%); WMD=0.7 (95% CI: 0.09 to 1.32; P=0.02; I2=0%) at week 4, and 8 after injection, respectively. WOMAC score was also significant decreased in BoNT-A therapy group than control group with WMD=4.71 (95% CI: 2.76 to 6.67; P<0.001; I2=0%); WMD=3.67 (95% CI: 1.08 to 6.26; P=0.006; I2=27%) at week 4 and12 after injection, respectively. There was no difference in adverse event between BoNT-A therapy group and control group with OR=1.25 (95% CI: 0.88 to 1.78; P=0.47; I2=0%).

Conclusion:

As compared with conventional therapy, BoNT-A intra-articular injection have beneficial effects with improved pain score and WOMAC score in adult patients with refractory joint pain.
BAP Position Statement: Off-label prescribing of psychotropic medication to children and adolescents
Authors: Sharma Aditya N , Arango Celso , Coghill David , Gringras Paul , Nutt David J , Pratt Peter , Young Allan H , Hollis Chris
Published: April 2016

The off-label use of medicines for children and adolescents remains a common and important issue for prescribing practice across child and adolescent psychiatry, paediatrics and primary care. This editorial focusses on psychotropic drug treatment, which plays an essential part in the comprehensive management of a range of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Despite a growing evidence base for drug treatment in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders, much psychotropic medication continues to be prescribed off-label (i.e. outside the limits of the marketing authorisation or product license). The reasons for and implications of off-label prescribing, including the potential clinical benefits/risks and medico-legal implications, are often poorly understood by both patients and prescribers. An important unintended consequence of the uncertainties and confusion surrounding the status of off-label prescribing for children and adolescents may be that effective drug treatments are being withheld or underused. This BAP Position Statement aims to clarify these issues, challenge some of the myths surrounding off-label prescribing for children and adolescents and offer practical guidance for prescribers.
Public Responses to Forensic DNA Testing Backlogs
Authors: Townson Clint , Brewer Paul R. , Ley Barbara L.
Published: April 2016

A number of public controversies have emerged around forensic DNA testing backlogs at crime laboratories in the United States. This study provides a first look at public responses to such backlogs, using a controversy in the state of Wisconsin as a case study. First, it builds on research about public understandings of DNA and the “ CSI effect” to develop a theoretical framework. Next, it explores news coverage of the Wisconsin backlog. It then uses survey data to show that public understandings of DNA, media use, and demographic factors were related to how closely respondents followed the story about the backlog and/or how much they supported increased spending on DNA testing at the crime lab. Self-reported understanding of DNA predicted following the backlog, whereas perceived reliability of DNA evidence predicted both following the backlog and support. Total television viewing was not related to either following the backlog or support, but watching crime television predicted following the backlog. Reading a newspaper and watching local TV news each predicted following the backlog; reading a newspaper also predicted support. These results suggest a number of theoretical insights into how members of the public may reason about and draw on media messages regarding DNA and DNA testing in responding to forensic DNA testing backlogs.
Caring for waste: Handling tailings in a Chilean copper mine
Authors: Ureta Sebastian
Published: April 2016

How do we practically deal with the waste produced by industrial processes? Until now this question has overwhelmingly been answered in one way: through the deployment of different kinds of waste management programs, technology-based top-down actions for waste whose ultimate aim is to make it disappear both physically by leaving it in fully enclosed dumps and politically by eliminating it as a matter of concern that must be dealt with. Due to the multiple setbacks that this approach has faced in terms of large spills and continual pollution, this paper states the need to consider a parallel set of practices that have been enacted, that is, the practice of caring for waste. Based on current developments in science and technology studies, care is presented as a way to deal with waste that, based on everyday practices and the inescapability of failure, proposes temporary and experimental ways to involve all the concerned parties in the search for alternative ways to live with our waste, in material, ethical and political terms. In order to explore the challenges that such an approach entails this paper will present some examples of caring for waste developed by the personnel of a large copper mine located in central Chile.
“Sugar and Spice and All Things Nice?”
Authors: Kilday Anne-Marie
Published: April 2016

This article analyzes the nature and incidence of Scottish parricide from 1700 to 1850. Despite a rarity of prosecutions, parricide (or parental murder) was regarded as an extremely serious offense by the Scottish judiciary. Through an exploration of cases from the Justiciary Court, this article argues that parricide appears to have been a gendered crime in relation to both perpetrator and victim and it tended to occur in the more rural or remote parts of Scotland during the period before 1850. It is also evident that certain circumstantial triggers could act as a catalyst for the crime’s perpetration, such as excessive alcohol consumption. In offering explanations for the lack of parricidal behavior in Scotland before 1850, this article suggests that alongside the church and state working together to foster deference to familial authority, the close-knit bonds of intrafamilial relations were such that parricide was only very rarely resorted to by members of the populace.
Role of mast cells in fibrosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Nakayama Shoko , Yokote Taiji , Hiraoka Nobuya , Nishiwaki Uta , Hanafusa Toshiaki , Nishimura Yasuichiro , Tsuji Motomu
Published: April 2016

The underlying mechanism of fibrosis in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association of fibrosis in the lymph nodes of patients with CHL through histological examination of the expression of cytokines associated with fibrosis and mast cell proliferation. Additionally, we sought to determine the degree of mast cell infiltration in a nodular sclerosis subtype of CHL (NSCHL) compared with that in non-NSCHL. We analyzed lymph nodes from 22 patients with CHL, of which eight were of the NSCHL and 14 of the non-NSCHL subtype, using immunohistochemical staining of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-3, IL-13, and stem cell factor (SCF). Mast cells were positive for TGF-β and IL-13, and FOXP3-positive cells were negative for TGF-β. Only the expression of IL-13 in Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells was significantly more frequently observed in NSCHL than that in non-NSCHL ( P = 0.0028) and was associated with a higher rate of fibrosis ( P = 0.0097). The number of mast cells was significantly higher in NSCHL than that in non-NSCHL ( P = 0.0001). A significantly positive correlation was observed between the rate of fibrosis and the number of mast cells (correlation coefficient, 0.8524; 95% CI, 0.6725–0.9372) ( P <0.0001). The number of mast cells was significantly higher in the group with IL-13-positive HRS cells than that in the group with IL-13-negative HRS cells ( P = 0.0157). Based on these findings, we hypothesize that IL-13 production by HRS cells may lead to fibrosis, and furthermore, promote mast cell proliferation and infiltration. This in turn might further produce the fibrotic cytokines IL-13 and TGF-β, resulting in fibrosis typical of NSCHL.
Knowing What We Don’t Know: Long-Term Psychiatric Outcomes following Adult Concussion in Sports
Authors: Finkbeiner Nathan W. B. , Max Jeffery E. , Longman Stewart , Debert Chantel
Published: April 2016

Objective:

Amidst a growing concern regarding concussion in sports, there is an emerging link between sport concussion and mental health outcomes. This review summarizes the current literature addressing long-term psychiatric sequelae associated with sport concussion in adults.

Method:

Several databases were searched using a broad list of keywords for each of concussion, sports, and mental health, with a resultant 311 studies for initial review. After limiting studies based on duplication, appropriateness of data, and relevance, 21 studies remained pertaining to depression, anxiety, substance use, and behavioural changes, including those highlighting chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Results:

Most studies identified suggested an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms related to concussion history. A conference abstract and qualitative study suggested increasing anxiety related to concussion history; however, a PhD dissertation found no relationship. In reviewing substance use, several studies mentioned use in athletes suspected of having concussion histories, although no link was established, while another noted undiagnosed concussion as leading to current substance misuse. Regarding behavioural changes, all studies identified occurrences of behaviour and/or cognitive changes in participants, with 2 studies suggesting a link with concussion history. With respect to CTE, concerns with mood, behaviour, cognition, and substance use were consistently highlighted, suggesting relations to previous sport concussion; however, the notion of different CTE subtypes and clear aetiology behind concussion severity or frequency was not consistently elucidated.

Conclusion:

There appears to be a growing body of evidence supporting the presence of long-term psychiatric and psychological sequelae following sport concussion in adults.
Analytical study of the performance of a geomembrane leak detection system
Authors: Lugli Francesco , Mahler Claudio Fernando
Published: April 2016

The electrical detection of leaks in geomembranes is a method that allows identifying leakage of contaminants in lined facilities (e.g. sanitary landfills, pollutant ponds, etc.). The procedure in the field involves placing electrodes above and below the geomembrane, to generate an electrical current, which in turn engenders an electric potential distribution in the protective layer (generally a clayey soil). The electric potential will be greater in areas with higher current density, i.e. near leaks. In this study, we combined models from the literature to carry out a parametric analysis to identify the variables that most influence the amplitude of the electrical signals produced by leaks. The basic hypothesis is that the electrical conduction phenomena in a liner system could be depicted by a direct current circuit. After determining the value of the current at the leak, we calculated the electric potential distribution according to the model of Darilek and Laine. This enabled analysing the sensitivity of the parameters, which can be useful in the design of landfills and facilitate the location of leaks. This study showed that geomembranes with low electrical resistance (owing to low thickness, low resistivity, or extensive area) can hinder the leak detection process. In contrast, low thickness and high resistivity of the protection layer magnify the leak signal.
Improving Learning for All Students Through Equity-Based Inclusive Reform Practices
Authors: Choi Jeong Hoon , Meisenheimer Jessica M. , McCart Amy B. , Sailor Wayne
Published: April 2016

The present investigation examines the schoolwide applications model (SAM) as a potentially effective school reform model for increasing equity-based inclusive education practices while enhancing student reading and math achievement for all students. A 3-year quasi-experimental comparison group analysis using latent growth modeling (LGM) was used with seven urban elementary or elementary/middle schools and seven matched comparison schools in the same district. Results suggest significantly larger growth for experimental school students in math and no statistically significant difference in reading score growth between experimental and comparison schools. However, reading score growth for experimental schools was statistically significant in a post hoc analysis of selected schools. Additional descriptive analysis is presented for three schools that implemented the model with the highest measured fidelity; these schools made improvements on both reading and math scores while those of matching comparison schools decreased.
Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations Expand the Recognized Phenotypes of FARS2-Linked Disease
Authors: Walker Melissa A. , Mohler Kyle P. , Hopkins Kyle W. , Oakley Derek H. , Sweetser David A. , Ibba Michael , Frosch Matthew P. , Thibert Ronald L.
Published: April 2016

Mutations in mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an increasingly recognized cause of human diseases, often arising in individuals with compound heterozygous mutations and presenting with system-specific phenotypes, frequently neurologic. FARS2 encodes mitochondrial phenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthetase (mtPheRS), perturbations of which have been reported in 6 cases of an infantile, lethal disease with refractory epilepsy and progressive myoclonus. Here the authors report the case of juvenile onset refractory epilepsy and progressive myoclonus with compound heterozygous FARS2 mutations. The authors describe the clinical course over 6 years of care at their institution and diagnostic studies including electroencephalogram (EEG), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), serum and cerebrospinal fluid analyses, skeletal muscle biopsy histology, and autopsy gross and histologic findings, which include features shared with Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome, Leigh syndrome, and a previously published case of FARS2 mutation associated infantile onset disease. The authors also present structure-guided analysis of the relevant mutations based on published mitochondrial phenylalanyl transfer RNA synthetase and related protein crystal structures as well as biochemical analysis of the corresponding recombinant mutant proteins.
A Multi-Year Evaluation of Student Perceptions of University and Special Education Doctoral Websites
Authors: Sundeen Todd , Vince Garland Krista M. , Wienke Wilfred D.
Published: April 2016

Perceptions of usability and navigability contribute substantially to initial impressions of university and program websites. A survey was administered to graduate students in special education at four intervals between 2006 and 2014 to determine their perceptions of university and special education doctoral program websites. For this article, participant impressions of the websites are presented and analyzed using responses to open-ended survey questions. Thematic analysis revealed that overall opinions of university and program websites were predominately unfavorable with little improvement noted over the span of the survey administration. Results of this analysis have the potential to inform universities and program units beyond the bounds of the immediate focus of this article as graduate and undergraduate special education websites are evaluated for usability and navigability. Specific recommendations are provided for improving university and doctoral program websites.
Embracing Our “Otherness”
Authors: Prodan-Bhalla Natasha , Middagh Diane , Jinkerson-Brass Sharon , Ziabakhsh Shabnam , Pederson Ann , King Charlene
Published: April 2016

Theories on the importance of holistic and spiritual healing within nonconventional models of care are vast, yet there is little written about the practical, clinical-level interventions required to deliver such practices in collaborative cross-cultural settings. This article describes the learning experiences and transformative journeys of non-Indigenous nurse practitioners working with a Cultural Lead from an Indigenous community in British Columbia, Canada. The goal of the Seven Sisters Healthy Heart Project was to improve heart health promotion in an Indigenous community through a model of knowledge translation. The article describes the development of a bridge between two cultures in an attempt to deliver culturally responsive programming. Our journeys are represented in a phenomenological approach regarding relationships, pedagogy, and expertise. We were able to find ways to balance two worlds—the medical health services model and Indigenous holistic models of healing. The key to building the bridge was our willingness to be vulnerable, to trust in each other’s way of teaching and learning, and allowing diverse viewpoints and knowledge sources to be present. Our work has vast implications for health promotion in Indigenous communities, as it closes the gap between theory and practice by demonstrating how Indigenous models can be integrated into mainstream health promotion practices.
Nurses’ Self-Identified Characteristics and Behaviors Contributing to Patients’ Positive Perceptions of Their Nursing Care
Authors: Costello Margaret
Published: April 2016

This qualitative study was designed to uncover the characteristics and behaviors of nurses identified by patients as providing exceptional nursing care. “Being present” and “Knowing the patient” were the major themes that captured the nurses’ experience. Four subthemes were identified: looking for commonalities, sharing personal experiences, use of humor, and caring for the spiritual needs of patients.
Environmental protests and NIMBY activism: Local politics and waste management in Beijing and Guangzhou
Authors: Wong Natalie W. M.
Published: April 2016

Protests in post-Mao China not only indicate citizens’ increasing dissatisfaction but also challenge the regime to act and take appropriate measures. This article discusses local government response to environmental activism within China’s decentralized political structure. Anti-incinerator protests in Beijing and Guangzhou are used to illustrate the emergence of public participation in municipal policymaking on waste management. The Beijing and Guangzhou governments’ different attitudes and responses to citizens’ grievances are analysed, particularly in light of a new public-consultative waste management mechanism implemented in Guangzhou, the Guangzhou Public Consultation and Supervision Committee for Urban Waste Management (广州市城市废弃物处理公众咨询监督委员会). Changes in policies on waste management and disposal are examined through documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with stakeholders involved in anti-incinerator protests. The main goal here is to demonstrate that policy change is not only determined by protest outcomes, but that it is also greatly affected by the responses of local governments and actors within a framework of advocacy coalition. This study throws new light on Chinese policymaking on environmental issues and it re-appraises studies of environmental management in China.
Where health workforce governance research meets health services management
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen , Batenburg Ronald , Dussault Gilles
Published: April 2016

A deficit of one million healthcare workers forecasted in the European Union by 2020 turns the ‘universal truth’ that there is ‘no health without a workforce’ into the perhaps biggest challenge for future healthcare systems and services management. We argue that effective healthcare management needs systematic connections with health workforce macro- and meso-levels of governance. We seek to explore the overlaps and the benefits of closer connections using health workforce planning, recruitment and retention and the changes in the skills mix and competencies of the health workforce as three illustrative examples. Two major areas of management intervention are emerging: (1) changes in the composition of the skills and competencies in the health workforce guided by a needs-based services management approach rather than by professional interests and (2) changes in the management of workplace and career conditions. Furthermore, an integrated governance approach is needed that connects innovations at the organizational level of services management with health workforce policy and systems-based governance interventions.