bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Breast Cancer Detection Using Machine Learning Classification Models
Authors: Ravi Kumar B. N. , Naveen Chandra Gowda  , B. J. Ambika , H. N. Veena , B. Ben Sujitha  , D. Roja Ramani
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is still a dangerous and common disease that affects women all over the world, which highlights how crucial early identification is to better patient outcomes. In recent years, utilizing machine learning (ML) algorithms has improved accuracy and efficiency dramatically in a variety of applications, showing promising outcomes. This article provides a novel machine-learning approach to increase the accuracy of breast cancer detection. To improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy, our suggested methodology combines sophisticated feature selection strategies, reliable classification algorithms, and enhanced model training methodologies. We investigated several ML classifiers, and after thorough hyperparameter tuning, the models were. Random forest and gradient boosting have achieved the highest performance with an accuracy of 97.90% and an ROC score of 0.99. This research highlights the effectiveness of ML, particularly the random forest algorithm, in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Future work may explore deep learning techniques for determining the disorder’s severity.
The Impact of a Blended Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Program on CPR Knowledge and Attitude to Perform It: The Case of Non-Medical Undergraduate
Authors: Ajlouni Aseel O. , Abuabbas Reem M. , Shlool Hatem A.
Published: October 2024

Blended learning (BL) has recently been extensively utilized as an effective instructional method in the educational field. Despite its benefits, few studies investigate its impact on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training programs for non-medical students and staff. The importance of CPR training lies in its contribution to achieving the third sustainable development goal (SDG) by enhancing survival rates. Nevertheless, some obstacles have hindered university students from participating in these courses. This study aims to identify the impact of blended learning, which integrates asynchronous online learning with face-toface instruction, on CPR knowledge and attitudes among non-medical undergraduates. Using a true experimental design, the experimental group (n = 41) received the BL CPR training program while the control group (n = 40) received the convolutional CPR training program. Data were collected using a developed CPR knowledge test and an attitude measure toward performing CPR before and after the program. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05) revealed a significant positive influence of the BL method on enhancing students’ CPR knowledge and their attitudes toward performing it. These results recommend that decision-makers employ BL programs to enhance students’ CPR knowledge and attitudes toward performing it.
ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS ON HEALTHCARE QUALITY AND UTILIZATION
Authors: Ali Soni
Published: October 2024

The acceptability of an electronic medical record (EMR) system as determined by the individual who uses it is critical to its effective adoption. EMRs increase public care as well as safety by shortening treatment times and eliminating medical mistakes. The primary goal is to examine how healthcare quality and utilization are affected by electronic health records (EHRs). This work presents evidence of EMR implementation and uptake by healthcare service providers. Survey responses from professionals and medical officials from the selected hospitals in Delhi were gathered and examined employing exploratory factor analysis and modeling of structural equations approaches to test our research model. Results of the study showed that system compatibility, perceived security, information quality, and adequate IT infrastructure favorably impact the quality and use of healthcare, but perceived usefulness unfavorably impacts the quality and use of healthcare. As a result of the research, the hospital ought to promote and preserve the EHR system.
Impact of Digital Learning on the Students of Higher Education Institutions in India
Authors: Kumar Divyesh , Manjula H. K.
Published: October 2024

Global discourse on digital learning, online education, and e-learning involves scholars and committees worldwide. The gradual integration of technology in education faced a sudden acceleration due to the COVID pandemic, causing diverse responses from teachers and students. While some appreciate the swift transition to remote learning, others express dissatisfaction. Higher education institutions feel a significant impact from digitalization, digital natives, operating costs, and micro/nano degrees. Pandemic-induced changes affect administrative procedures and teaching methods. Digital technologies provide formalized learning environments, enabling students to use various tools. This study aims to comprehend digital learning's impact on higher education students, acknowledging the intricate interplay of convenience, global openness, operational changes, and emerging pedagogical strategies. Achieving balance is crucial for institutions to leverage digitalization's benefits while addressing challenges like technological inequality and potential erosion of traditional teaching methods.
Issues and Practice of Philosophy of Education in Social Life
Authors: Hans Emmanuel , Hans Anjali
Published: October 2024

The philosophy of education examines the nature, aims, and problems of education. In social life, its issues and practices are deeply intertwined with cultural, political, and economic contexts. The philosophy of education continues to evolve, reflecting changes in society and the ongoing dialogue about the best ways to educate individuals to thrive personally and contribute to the common good, preparing students to understand and engage with global issues and diverse cultures. This includes teaching about global interdependence, environmental sustainability, and cross-cultural communication, promoting the idea that education does not end with formal schooling but is a continuous process throughout an individual's life. This includes adult education programs, professional development opportunities, and community education initiatives.
Innovative Strategy for Implementing Outcome-Based Education for NBA Accreditation in India
Authors: Adithe S. S. V. S. S. R. S. Sarma , Arunachalam P. , Angel T. G. Ruby , Jenitha J. Merlin Mary , Jeyalakshmi R.
Published: October 2024

The relationship between the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) procedure in India and the principles of outcome-based education (OBE) is examined in this chapter. It highlights how crucial OBE is to helping kids develop their critical thinking, problem-solving, and holistic abilities. The chapter also addresses how OBE and NBA may work together, with a focus on institutional preparedness, outcome-oriented curriculum design, and evaluation techniques. The quality and methods of instruction have improved in Indian educational institutions as a result of the effective use of open access. The chapter addresses the issues that arose during the integration of OBE and NBA certification and offers potential fixes. The chapter concludes with an appeal for continued development, institutional cooperation, and policy support to ensure quality assurance in higher education.
AI Chatbots in Higher Education
Authors: Bolambao Fate Jacaban , Pogoy Angeline M. , Plaisent Michel
Published: October 2024

This chapter evaluates the qualitative studies on how AI chatbots impact HE, specifically their benefits and challenges. A systematic search was conducted across academic databases resulting in the inclusion of 27 research papers published between 2018 and 2023. The research in this involved utilizing the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for Systematic Review to evaluate the quality and relevance of each study followed by a thematic analysis of the data using Braun and Clarke's approach to identify key themes. The first theme, ” Improved Learning Experience,” explores the benefits of including personalized support, increased engagement, user-friendliness, skills development, and efficiency. The second theme, “: Practical and Ethical Issues,” delves into the practical and ethical issues, such as ethical concerns, pedagogical limitations, information accuracy, and technical challenges. A balanced approach to integrate AI chatbots in HE, addressing ethical and technical concerns while maximizing its benefits were given emphasis on the studies reviewed and evaluated.
Reshaping Higher Education in MENA with Generative AI
Authors: Abubaker Nadia Mohammed Nasser , Kashani SeyedMohammad , Alshalwy Awad M. , Garib Ali
Published: October 2024

The appearance of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has led to a paradigm shift in education worldwide, positioning the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between traditional pedagogy and technological innovations. To further explore this region's educational practices with generative AI, this chapter conducted a systematic review of research articles published between 2022 and 2024 on the MENA's integration of generative AI in higher education. Using qualitative thematic analysis, four major themes emerged: positive perceptions despite the lack of training, AI-assisted pedagogy, inevitable innovation reshaping educational norms, and challenges identified for successful generative AI integration. Despite the generative AI adoption in the MENA region, these implementations, still in the early stage, face several challenges that reflect the complexities of integrating generative AI in a region fraught with contextual hurdles and accustomed to traditional pedagogical practices, especially in under-resourced contexts. The chapter concludes with pedagogical implications.
An Interactive Study of International Online Collaboration Between Spanish and Moroccan Universities
Authors: Casadomet Aránzazu Gil , El Imadi Imane , Radid Mohamed
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes a cooperative study that looked at the effects of online international collaboration on intercultural and academic development, conducted by universities in Morocco and Spain. It is designed to determine how cross-cultural initiatives affect students' academic development and intercultural competency. It involved 200 students and examined issues including time zones and technological differences while assessing the efficacy of online cooperation through a mixed-methods approach that includes questionnaires, interviews, and content analysis. The theoretical framework emphasizes mutual understanding and the role of technology in removing obstacles. It borrows from theories of collaborative learning and intercultural communication. Initial results demonstrate beneficial effects on communication and cultural understanding, highlighting the need of cross-cultural education in developing globally competent pupils in the face of growing digital interconnection.
Click, Search, Travel
Authors: Berry Karan , Shukla Ankit , Singh Amrik , Satpute Pratik
Published: October 2024

The advent of digital technology has dramatically changed the way people travel, affecting their information searches, itineraries, decisions and experiences shared on social media sites like Twitter, Instagram and Facebook, to assist prospective travellers. Besides highlighting the impact of digital technologies such as social media, online booking platforms, mobile applications and augmented virtual reality, this chapter also examines various aspects of tourist behaviour in the digital age through recent developments, and relevant case studies. It also provides insights into how tourist destinations and businesses can adjust themselves to meet the shifting demands and patterns of travel. This meticulous overview interconnects “tourist behaviour” and the “digital era” to reveal how the development of mobile and internet-based technology has changed the travel and tourism sector.
Understanding the Human Factors in the Psychology of Cyber Threats
Authors: Saleem Mohd , Kumar Rajeev , Chawla Chanchal , Singh Mahendra
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines how human factors play a crucial part in cybersecurity vulnerabilities, highlighting the important influence of psychological and behavioral aspects on the vulnerability to and mitigation of cyber threats. It explores the psychological tricks used in social engineering, insider threats motivated by malice or incompetence, and the cognitive biases that affect cybersecurity judgment. The chapter demonstrates how businesses can create security interventions that effectively encourage safer behavior by utilizing behavioral economics concepts. Empirical case studies, encompassing significant episodes in India, demonstrate the pragmatic consequences of these human elements. The chapter emphasizes how crucial it is to create a culture of cybersecurity awareness and resilience through thorough training, strict access controls, and well-thought-out behavioral interventions. Through the integration of technical measures and an understanding of human behavior, companies may strengthen their defences against the constantly changing cyber threat scenario.
Cyber Physical System for Enhancement in Security While Using Cyber
Authors: Bhatia Abhay , Kumar Anil , Sood Devendra
Published: October 2024

Advancements in affordable computing and communication technologies have led to the widespread proliferation of interconnected devices, giving rise to a new era characterized by devices that sense, compute, and share information, forming loosely connected Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Managing data and making intelligent decisions are the primary areas of research within CPS. Traditionally, cloud-based centralized computation has been the dominant architecture due to its ease of implementation and enhanced control. However, the explosion of data, scalability challenges, and privacy concerns are increasingly highlighting the limitations of such centralized systems. Therefore, there is a growing interest in decentralizing control and distributing computing tasks among the devices as a more promising approach for sharing intelligence. Investigating novel decentralization mechanisms is a central focus of this chapter.
Key Logger and Prevention of Security Breaches
Authors: Datta Aparna , Mondal Akash , Sarkar Arunima
Published: October 2024

Keyloggers are malicious programs that record keystrokes and jeopardize the security of personal and business data. These sneaky malwares grab vital information while evading user discovery. Keyloggers conceal their existence by using techniques like rootkits to bypass antivirus and other security measures. Once installed, they are not visible on the process monitor . Attackers may unlawfully access sensitive information, such as banking credentials. One major worry regarding keyloggers is that around 90% of them now function in the user's environment without express authorization, leaving the user unaware that their device is being watched. Although there are hazards, addressing the keylogger threat necessitates preventative actions. This article proposes ways to improve the prevention of assaults, such as hacking. It advocates employing strong security tools and increasing cybersecurity awareness. Additionally, the following discussion suggests methods to understand the capabilities of keyloggers, develop detection methods, and rigorously evaluate countermeasures accordingly.
Theoretical Insights Into User Security and Privacy in Social Media Environments
Authors: Venugopal Koppala , Jagadeesh Bellala
Published: October 2024

This study offers theoretical insights into user security and privacy within social media environments, addressing the complex interplay of socio-cultural, psychological, and technological factors shaping users' experiences. Employing an exploratory design and qualitative approach, the research delves into user perceptions, behaviors, and coping mechanisms regarding security and privacy threats on social media platforms. Secondary data collection, including literature reviews and empirical studies, informs the analysis within a theoretical framework drawn from sociology, psychology, communication studies, and computer science. Findings highlight diverse user concerns, including data privacy, cyber threats, misinformation, and platform accountability, underscoring the need for proactive measures to mitigate risks and protect user rights. Recommendations include enhancing user education, promoting platform accountability, advocating for regulatory frameworks, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and supporting continuous research and evaluation efforts.
Advancing Mental Health and Ethics Education for College Students
Authors: Zhang Jianxie , Zhang Xiaoshuang , He Na
Published: October 2024

This study explores the implementation of the DeepPsy framework at a university in Hebei, China, assessing its impact on student mental health and ethical behavior. By integrating a 2D convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, DeepPsy analyzes complex online behavior patterns and academic performance data. The methodology involves diverse data collection techniques, providing a comprehensive understanding of students' mental health. Results indicate improved identification of at-risk students, leading to timely interventions and enhanced mental health outcomes. This study highlights the potential of advanced data analytics in fostering supportive educational environments that promote student mental health and ethical decision making.
Coordinated Management Model of Water Resources Utilization and Regional Economic Development Based on Genetic Neural Network
Authors: Zhao Jingjing
Published: October 2024

Water resources are crucial for a nation's political, economic, and environmental stability. To ensure sustainable utilization, promoting water-saving technologies and management innovations is essential. This study focuses on genetic neural networks to establish a coordinated management model. Agricultural sectors, with a water intake of 2066.92 cubic meters per 10,000 yuan output value, dominate national water consumption. Secondary industries consume an average of 312.74 cubic meters, while tertiary industries use 143.62 cubic meters, and quaternary industries use 3.52 cubic meters. Strengthening public awareness and participation in water resource protection is vital. Through genetic neural networks, an economic management model for each subsystem is developed to foster continuous, stable, and harmonious regional economic growth.
The Impact of Integrating Gamification Strategies Into Courses on Students' English Speaking Anxiety
Authors: Pai Ji-Yun , Liu Yu-Hsuan , Liu Eric Zhi-Feng , Wen Ju-May
Published: October 2024

Before speaking a foreign language, people will always spend more time and think more than they do about their native language. Such “more” has been defined as foreign language learning anxiety since the work of Horwitz et al. in 1986. Gamification teaching is one of the potential teaching methods that have been found by many educators to benefit learners, in terms of both learning motivation and self-confidence. In this study, the group activities were integrated into the fifth-grade English curriculum of Taiwan's elementary school to explore the correlation between students' English-speaking anxiety and English-speaking performance; through an empirically experimental test, it was found that the experimental group's English speaking effectiveness and English anxiety showed a significant negative correlation, but there was no significant correlation in the control group. The interview records showed that students enjoyed the learning method of integrating English into group activities because not only was it easy and enjoyable, but it also enabled them to learn while playing and interacting with peers.
Embracing artificial intelligence (AI) into ophthalmology: benefits, concerns, and future challenges
Authors: Dissanayake Madhuwanthi
Published: October 2024

No abstract available
Use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (antiVEGF) in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) – A systematic review and a metaanalysis
Authors: Udakumbura S. J. , Watts P. A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of blindness in children worldwide. The management of ROP has been revolutionised with the introduction of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (antiVEGF) agents. This review evaluates the safety and efficacy of intravitreal antiVEGF agents when used either as monotherapy, or in combination with laser/cryo in preterm infants with type 1 ROP.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2000 to April 2022 using the following databases PubMed, EMBASE and CINHAL. Total of 12 randomised controlled studies (RCTs) and 7 comparative studies were selected after critical appraisal. RCTs were included in the meta analysis.Results: There were 4628 eyes of 2571 infants with type 1 ROP were identified from the included studies. A meta analysis showed no statistically significant difference in retinal detachment, ROP recurrence, mortality and cerebral palsy between standard treatment (laser/cryo) and antiVEGF mono therapy. AntiVEGF mono therapy may reduce the risk of refractive errors in childhood compared to standard therapy. No significant risk of acute and long-term systemic complications noted with antiVEGF therapy.Conclusion: AntiVEGF agents, as monotherapy is non inferior to standard therapy after evaluating for risk of retinal detachment and recurrence of ROP in infants with type 1 ROP. The data is not sufficient to make strong conclusions favouring routine use anti-VEGF agents as monotherapy in all types of type 1 ROP. Hence, further large scale RCTs with longer follow up period are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antiVEGF agents for type 1 ROP.
An evaluation of treatment and follow up of angle closure patients – Audit in a single eye unit, National Eye Hospital, Sri Lanka
Authors: Vaikunthan N. , Gooneratne K. N. , Costha N. P.
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate adherence and efficacy of treatment guidelines used in the management of angle closure patients.Treatment guideline practised in the eye unit is based on the clinical guidelines – The Management of Angle Closure Glaucoma – The Royal College of Ophthalmologists – 2020 and Guideline for Management of Glaucoma – College of Ophthalmologists of Sri Lanka.Method: Retrospective hospital-based audit.Material: 101 clinic registered, patients with angle closure (2010 to July 2022) were analyzed using the data extracted from patients’ clinic records.Results: 56 (55%) patients presented with acute angle closure attack. Gonioscopy was performed in 93 (92%) patients on presentation. Initial medical management with intravenous manitol needed in 30%, oral acetazolamide in 50% with oral Kcl in 40%, topical anti glaucoma drugs in 93% and topical steroids in 18% patients on presentation. Post treatment intra ocular pressure (IOP) reduction (<21mmHg) noted in 64% of patients. Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) done in 85 (84%) patients, in which 72%done without any delay. IOP reduction (<21mmHg) noted in 70% of patients. 23 patients eventually needed trabeculectomy with resultant good IOP control. 74 patients needed cataract extraction.On follow up; 83% continued with topical anti glaucoma drugs, 5% treatment free and 12 patients defaulted follow up. Repeated gonioscopy was performed in 63% of patients. Regular IOP monitoring, Cup to Disc ratio (C: D), Visual Field (VF) assessments were done accordingly. Documented yearly Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) noted in 60%of patients.Conclusion: Study demonstrates that the current treatment protocol is adhered in most of the stages which resulted in favourable IOP control and outcome. Though there is a place for improvement in view of measuring post LPI IOP in 1 hour and stopping continuation of unnecessary drug treatment.
Prenatal scan saves lives: Jejunal atresia with midgut volvulus: A case report
Authors: Guruparan K. , Umakanthan N. , Rajendra N. , Ranjithatharsini V. , Jayathunge M. T. R.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available
Multiple Intracranial Juvenile Xanthogranulomas in a child presenting with short stature : A rare manifestation without cutaneous disease
Authors: Herath D. A. , Ganewatte E. , Jayasooriya D.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available
Can serum 17-hydroxy progesterone predict an improvement in semen parameters following micro-varicocelectomy? A prospective study
Authors: Ragab Mohamed Wael , Abbas Mohamed , Ramzy Tarek , GamalEl Din Sameh Fayek , Elamir Mohamed Yousry , Alkandari Mohammed H. , Alshammari Abdullah Salem , Shehata Mohamed Ragab , Zeidan Ashraf
Published: October 2024

Background & objectives: Notably, 17-hydroxy progesterone (17-OHP) (17-OHP) is a precursor for testosterone (T) synthesis, and intratesticular testosterone (ITT) is essential for spermatogenesis. Varicocele (Vx) has an estimated prevalence of 15% in the general population and 35% in those with primary infertility. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between changes of serum 17-OHP after sub-inguinal micro-varicocelectomy and improvement of semen parameters.Patients and methods: The current prospective study included 45 infertile men attending the andrology clinic form February 2021 to August 2021. Two semen analyses and hormonal profile were evaluated. Colored duplex ultasonography (CDUS) was done in standing and supine position for accurate measurements of testicular volumes and confirmation of Vx. Patients underwent sub-inguinal micro-varicocelectomy using a surgical microscope HB surgitech. We followed them prospectively up for three months following micro-varicocelectomy with serum TT and 17-OHP.Results: Sperm concentration improved significantly from 8.36 ± 5.04 million/ml to 12.52 ± 8.42 million/ml after 3 months following sub-inguinal micro-varicocelectomy (p= 0.001), with normalization of concentration in 15/45 (33%) patients. Total motility did not improve significantly but progressive motility improved significantly from 8.62 ± 8.74% to 16.24 ± 14.45% (p=0.001). Abnormal forms significantly declined from 96.67 ± 2.03% to 95.75 ± 2.47% (p=0.009).  Serum 17 OHP and 17 OHP/total testosterone (TT) improved significantly from 1.21 ± 0.45 ng/ml and 0.26 ± 0.09 to 1.42 ± 0.76 ng/ml and 0.3 ± 0.16 (p= 0.013, p= 0.004), respectively, while serum TT did not improve significantly. A significant correlation was found between improvement in sperm concentration and both serum 17 OHP and 17 OHP/TT ratio (p=0.001, p=004). Furthermore, change in abnormal sperm forms showed significant correlations with changes in both 17-OHP and 17-OHP/TT.Conclusion: 17 OHP and 17OHP/ TT ratio can be used as biomarkers to detect improvement in semen parameters following sub-inguinal micro-varicocelectomy.
Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves of mobile phone stations on male fertility
Authors: Gharib Tarek Mohamed , Almekaty Khaled , Abdel Aal Ashraf Mohamed , Abdel-Al Ibrahim , Deif Hazem , Hassan Gamal M. , Haty Ahmed , Alhefnawy Mohamed Abdelrahman
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To determine the effect of electromagnetic waves of mobile phone stations on several sperm parameters and the male reproductive system. Methods: This observational study was performed on 216 subjects, aged 18-60 years. Two equal groups of subjects were assigned to group A (study group) if they were living close to cell phone tower stations for at least 6 months and group B (control group) formed from individuals living 100 meters away from cell phone tower stations. Every subject underwent a comprehensive history taking, a clinical assessment, and laboratory testing. Results: Regarding morphology index in the studied groups, the exposed group exhibited a trend of reduced percentage of normal morphology compared to the non-exposed group, with no statistical difference between the two groups. Regarding the total sperm motility (A+B+C) and progressive sperm motility (A+B) in the studied groups, the exposed group showed a trend of decreased total sperm motility and of progressive sperm motility in contrast to the non-exposed group, with no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Personal wrong lifestyles with exposure to electromagnetic waves have shown a trend towards a reduced percentage of normal morphology and reduced motility although nonstatistically significant compared with non-exposed populations.
Efficacy of flexible ureterorenoscopy in treating multiple renal stones: a cohort study
Authors: Mahmood Sarwar Noori , Bapir Rawa , Mustafa Khoshbin Faeq , Abdalqadir Ahmed Mohammed , Said Shakhawan Hama Amin , Hama Nali H. , Abdullah Hiwa O. , Abdalla Berun A. , Kakamad Fahmi H.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: While the efficacy of flexible ureterorenoscopy (URS) in managing solitary kidney stones (KSs) is widely acknowledged, its effectiveness in treating multiple stones has scarcely been investigated. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) utilizing flexible URS and laser lithotripsy in the management of multiple KSs. Methods: This study was a single-group cohort study conducted on patients with multiple KSs who underwent treatment with RIRS using flexible URS and laser lithotripsy. Stone-free status was considered as the lack of residual stone fragments or any residual stone of any size. The first follow-up appointment was arranged 3-4 weeks following the procedure. If significant residual stones were present, patients underwent reintervention within 2-4 weeks. Results: A total of 110 patients with multiple KSs were included. The mean stone burden was 27.5 ± 7.9 mm, and the mean duration of the operation was 54.9 ± 19.7 minutes. Seven cases (6.3%) experienced intraoperative complications, while postoperative complications were found in eight cases (7.3%). After four weeks, a stone-free rate (SFR) was documented in 80.9% of the cases, and this rate increased to 93.6% after three months. The SFR after three months was significant with Guy’s stone score (p < 0.001); however, it did not reach a significant level with any other parameters. Conclusions: The RIRS with flexible URS may be an effective and potentially safe procedure for treating multiple KSs. It may yield a favorable SFR with an acceptable complication rate.
Childhood stunting in Indonesia: assessing the performance of Bayesian spatial conditional autoregressive models
Authors: Aswi Aswi , Rahardiantoro Septian , Kurnia Anang , Sartono Bagus , Handayani Dian , Nurwan Nurwan , Cramb Susanna
Published: October 2024

Stunting continues to be a significant health issue, particularly in developing nations, with Indonesia ranking third in prevalence in Southeast Asia. This research examined the risk of stunting and influencing factors in Indonesia by implementing various Bayesian spatial conditional autoregressive (CAR) models that include covariates. A total of 750 models were run, including five different Bayesian spatial CAR models (Besag-York-Mollie (BYM), CAR Leroux and three forms of localised CAR), with 30 covariate combinations and five different hyperprior combinations for each model. The Poisson distribution was employed to model the counts of stunting cases. After a comprehensive evaluation of all model selection criteria utilized, the Bayesian localised CAR model with three covariates were preferred, either allowing up to 2 clusters with a variance hyperprior of inverse-gamma (1, 0.1) or allowing 3 clusters with a variance hyperprior of inverse-gamma (1, 0.01). Poverty and recent low birth weight (LBW) births are significantly associated with an increased risk of stunting, whereas child diet diversity is inversely related to the risk of stunting. Model results indicated that Sulawesi Barat Province has the highest risk of stunting, with DKI Jakarta Province the lowest. These areas with high stunting require interventions to reduce poverty, LBW births and increase child diet diversity.
Mothers’ breastfeeding techniques and its correlation to their infants’ nutritional status: a study in a rural area
Authors: Khasanah Nopi Nur , Sari Andini Eka , Luthfa Iskim , Wijayanti Kurnia
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Proper breastfeeding techniques are important for adequate breastmilk supply. The study aimed to capture the mothers’ breastfeeding techniques in rural area and to find out the correlation on their infants’ nutritional status. Materials and Methods: This research used 107 mothers with infants aged 0-6 months that collected using observation sheets. The Spearman-Rho test used to analyze the relationship between the breastfeeding technique and the infants’ nutritional status. Results: Most of the respondents were mothers aged 26 to 35 years with high school-level education and daily lives as housewives. Most of the infants were 3 months old, female (57.9%), and some of them were thin (23.3%), fat (8.4%), stunted (14%), and microcephaly (31.8%). Additionally, most mothers had an inappropriate breastfeeding technique (60.7%) and there was no correlation with the nutritional status of their infants aged 0-6 months (ρ > 0.05). Conclusion: Although there may other factor related to nutritional status, these findings require health workers to pay more attention in rural areas by providing effective education strategies on proper breastfeeding techniques to meet the optimal nutritional need of the infants.
Static laser weeding system based on improved YOLOv8 and image fusion
Authors: Du Xiwang , Li Xia , Duan Fangtao , Hua Jiawei , Hu Mengchao
Published: October 2024

Laser weeding is one of the promising weed control methods for weed management in organic agriculture. However, the complex field environments lead to low weed detection accuracy, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision laser weed control. To overcome this challenge and facilitate precise weeding by laser weeding robots in complex fields, this study suggests the use of a dual-mode image fusion algorithm of visible light and infrared light based on machine vision. This innovative technology, introducing infrared information based on visible light images, enhances weed detection accuracy and resilience to environmental factors. The introduction of the Swin-transformer module and Slim-neck module enables the creation of a brand new weed detection model allied with the YOLOv8 model, applicable for weed meristem detection. According to the experimental results, for fusion images with a resolution of 640*640, the dual-scale fusion of RGB and NIR images on the improved network has an average accuracy (mAP) of 96.0% and a detection accuracy of 94.0%, respectively. This study builds a laser weeding robot with a mobile platform, a weed recognition module and a laser polarization transmitter module. The ROS system is utilized to effectively detect weeds and determine their geometric center position after the weed detection model is successfully installed on the robot platform. The laser vibrator demonstrates accurate deflection to the weed growth position during the weed detection and laser illumination experiment. The results show that the accuracy of weed detection has reached 82.1%, and the efficiency of laser weeding has reached 72.3%. These results prove the feasibility of the laser weeding method proposed in this study. However, the fusion strategy of these two kinds of images still has great room for improvement in terms of detection accuracy and efficiency. In the future, multiple modal information can be used to improve the identification efficiency of weeds in the field.
Real-world effectiveness and safety of handheld ultrasound in pleural procedures
Authors: Alavi Musaib , Ali Waris , Sagar Alaeddin , Shafiq Majid , Azhar Muhammad , Ali Akbar S. , Salahuddin Moiz
Published: October 2024

The use of ultrasound for pleural procedures is associated with a decreased risk of complications. Handheld ultrasounds allow for easier evaluation of the pleural space. Limited data exists for the use of such devices for pleural procedures. The primary objective of our study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of handheld ultrasound for pleural procedures. We performed a prospective observational study, including all consecutive patients who underwent pleural procedures using the handheld ultrasound between September 2021 and November 2023. A total of 332 pleural procedures were attempted with handheld ultrasound, of which 329 pleural procedures (99.1%) were successfully performed. The median volume of fluid drained was 500 (interquartile range: 300-800). Thoracentesis was performed in 127 patients (38.5%), tube thoracostomy in 179 patients (54.4%), and medical thoracoscopy in 23 patients (7.0%). Exudative pleural effusions were found in 264 patients (80.0%), of which 152 (46.2%) were determined to be due to infectious etiologies. A total of 4 (1.2%) patients had a complication due to the procedure. 2 patients (0.6%) had a pneumothorax, while 2 patients (0.6%) developed a hemothorax. A total of 101 patients had either low platelets (<50×109/L) or use of anti-platelet or anti-coagulant drugs. 128 patients (38.8%) were on positive pressure support during the pleural procedure. Our study shows that handheld ultrasounds are effective and safe for pleural procedures, including cases with septated pleural effusions and patients on anti-platelet or anti-coagulant drugs.
Entrepreneurship interventions and the intentions of South African youths to start own business
Authors: Zwane Steven , Osuigwe Ubochioma U.S.
Published: October 2024

Background: Increasingly, there is a concerted effort to provide entrepreneurship interventions to young people in a bid to activate their appetite for entrepreneurial activity. The current research seeks to offer meaningful insight into the effectiveness of these interventions and their potential to encourage entrepreneurship among disadvantaged youths in South Africa.Aim: The study aims to understand the connection between the participation of young people from poor communities in South Africa in entrepreneurship interventions and their entrepreneurial intentions to start a business.Setting: The data used for the study were collected from participants aged between 18 years and 34 years who had previously participated in entrepreneurship programmes between 2008 and 2019 offered by a variety of institutions.Methods: Using data drawn from a sample of 165 young people based on a survey instrument consisting of 16 questions, a regression analysis was employed to examine the significance of the relationship between the variables.Results: The results revealed that entrepreneurship interventions positively influenced entrepreneurial intentions. The study found that certain programmes had a significantly greater impact on promoting entrepreneurial intentions than those with a lesser focus on practical business skills. This outcome indicates the need for more real-world business training in future interventions.Conclusion: The findings suggest that providing entrepreneurship interventions and related resources can be an effective strategy for encouraging entrepreneurial intentions among disadvantaged youths.Contribution: This study contributes to knowledge related to entrepreneurial intentions with emphasis on the significance of entrepreneurship interventions in the advancement of entrepreneurial activity.
Recent Advance in Disease Modifying Therapies for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Tsai Li-Kai , Ting Chen-Hung , Liu Yo-Tsen , Hsiao Cheng-Tsung , Weng Wen-Chin ,   Society for Neurological Rare Disorders-Taiwan
Published: October 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron disease characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of skeletal muscles. With homozygous survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene mutation, all SMA patients have at least one copy of the SMN2 gene, which provides an opportunity for drug targeting to enhance SMN expression. Current three disease modifying drugs, including nusinersen, onasemnogene abeparvovec, and risdiplam, have demonstrated impressive effectiveness in SMA treatment. Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting SMN2 pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) to modify alternative splicing and is effective in SMA children and adults, administrating via intermittent intrathecal injection. Onasemnogene abeparvovec is an adeno-associated viral vector carrying human SMN1 gene, featuring intravenous injection once in a lifetime for SMA patients less than 2 years of the age. Risdiplam is a small molecule also targeting SMN2 pre-mRNA and is effective in SMA children and adults with administration via oral intake once per day. Patients with SMA should receive these disease modifying therapies as soon as possible to not only stabilize disease progression, but potentially obtain neurological improvement. The development in these therapies has benefited patients with SMA and will potentially provide insight in future drug discovery for other neurodegenerative diseases.
Pneumothorax revealing late recurrence of infantile myofibromatosis
Authors: Yguel Clemence , Vignaud Jean Michel , Tiotiu Angelica
Published: October 2024

Adult recurrence of infantile myofibromatosis is exceptional. Here, we report the case of a 23-year-old woman with a late recurrence of infantile myofibromatosis revealed by spontaneous pneumothorax. The chest computed tomography scan found both cavitary and nodular bilateral pulmonary lesions. In infancy, she had multicentric myofibromatosis with digestive, cutaneous, and bone involvement, spontaneously regressive before the age of 15 months. Histological analysis of lung samples showed identical findings as from the cutaneous biopsy performed in infancy, confirming the recurrence of infantile myofibromatosis as pulmonary metastasis. New biopsy and long-term follow-up are highly recommended in the management of such cases.
Sleep disorders among elderly in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alhejaili Faris , Kanbr Omar , Jastaniah Nisreen , Ismail Raghad , Qalai Tala , Alotaibi Raseil , Makhtoum Toleen , Aljuhani Rawan , Aljondi Hadeel , Binjahlan Albandry , Hawsawi Shaimaa , Qutub Weam , Alshumrani Ranya , Wali Siraj
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Aging has been shown to have an impact on sleep patterns, necessitating a deep dive into understanding the complex relationship between aging and sleep disorders. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders among elderly people and identify the associations between different factors and sleep disorders in this age group.

METHODS:

This study was conducted at nursing homes in Jeddah. The target populations were those aged 65 years and older (geriatric group) and those aged younger than 65 years (nongeriatric group). Validated questionnaires, including the Athens Insomnia Scale, Berlin Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, International restless legs syndrome (RLS) Study Group, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, were used to assess different sleep disorders.

RESULTS:

A total of 313 participants were recruited in the geriatric (n = 153) and nongeriatric (n = 160) groups. Compared with the nongeriatric group, the geriatric group had greater risks of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (70.6%) and RLS (40.5%) (P < 0.001). Both groups had a notable prevalence of poor sleep quality (86.6%). Although insomnia was found to be common, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of insomnia between the two groups. In addition, insomnia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.04, confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–8.86, P = 0.037), OSA (OR = 3.17, CI: 1.06–9.41, P = 0.038), and high body mass index (OR = 1.76, CI: 1.63–2.9, P = 0.003) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality.

CONCLUSION:

This study revealed that sleep disorders, particularly OSA and RLS, are common in the elderly population in Saudi Arabia.
Assessment of Practices on Purchase of Packaged Foods and Utilization Patterns of Food Labels among Adults in Puducherry
Authors: Chellamuthu Lalithambigai , Ramasubramani Premkumar , Kanagat Sadhvika
Published: October 2024

Background:

There is an increase in the manufacture and consumption of prepackaged foods as a result of widespread urbanization, long working time, and adaption to a sedentary lifestyle. The majority of these prepackaged foods contain food labels. Food labeling is a community-based strategy that informs customers about a food’s nutritional composition, empowering them to choose healthier foods. To assess the practices on the purchase of packaged foods and utilization patterns of food labels among adults in Puducherry.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey in the field practice area of a private medical college at Puducherry was carried out for two months including adults residing for > 6 months in selected villages/wards. A sample size of 460 with a multistage sampling technique was considered. Data collection using a semi-structured questionnaire incorporated into Epi-collect software and was analyzed using SPSS16. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee. Written informed consent was sought from participants.

Results:

Around 271 (58.91%) and 189 (41.08%) respondents were residing in urban and rural regions, respectively. Purchase of packages was seen in 297 (64.57%) people. Only one-fourth of the subjects had the practice of reading the food labels, with urban residents having a better practice when compared with rural population (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The study reveals a low level of utilization pattern of food labels among consumers of packaged food products. The findings of this study would be helpful for concerned authorities in creating and improving awareness among consumers and ensuring that their usability is improved.
Sweetened Areca Nut, A Risk in Dental Caries among Adolescents in Pune, Maharashtra? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Shetiya Sahana Hegde , Jadhav Sudhir L. , Kheur Supriya , Shirahatti Ravi , Gupta Rakesh , Desai Ruttika
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) causes dental caries and so does chewing of areca nut (sweetened supari) due to the presence of sugar. Since conflicting views exist about whether areca nut causes dental caries or not, and since studies are undertaken in adults and data on adolescents are not available, this study was carried out. Since those were cross-sectional or longitudinal studies, this case-control study was undertaken to understand if flavored/sweetened areca nut is a risk factor for dental caries.

Material and Method:

This unmatched case-control study was conducted among the male students of 8th to 10th standard in the age group of 12–16 of four Madhyamik Vidyalaya’s (MVs) in Pimpri–Chinchwad (urban area), Pune. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was drawn to determine the independent variables to be selected for the study and minimal variables to be adjusted during data analysis. Selection of cases was based on diagnostic and eligibility criteria. The data on the use of sweetened areca nuts and the presence of caries were collected through oral examination and a semistructured questionnaire administered by the principal investigator on a one-to-one basis between August 2022 and October 2022. Data were analyzed using epiinfoTM 7.2.5.0.

Results:

This study of 146 males in the age group of 13 to 16 years had 61 students as cases and 85 as controls. No significant difference was observed between the group with (cases) and without (controls) dental caries for areca nut use (pack years) whether consumed daily or less frequently for 1 year or more. While the exposure rate to areca nut among cases was 44.26%, for the control group it was 36.47%. The odds ratio of sweetened areca nut as being the risk factor for dental caries was 1.38 at 95% CI (0.70–2.71) with P = 0.44.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that the adolescent users of sweetened areca nuts studying in government schools had a higher exposure odds ratio for dental caries. However, it was not significant statistically. Information bias including recall may have influenced the outcome.