bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaos Synchronization of Delayed Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Al Husseini Hussein B.
Published: August 2020

Chaos synchronization of two quantum dot light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) theoretically isstudied, which is delay coupled via a closed or open –loop and mutual coupling system. Whereas thesynchronized- chaotic systems, the dynamics of there are identical to uncoupled DLED under opticalfeedback effect. Complete synchronization was obtained under certain conditions for the couplingparameters. We evaluated the range of the QDLED’s chaos with extrinsic optical feedback in methodsof the chaos synchronization residue diagram and discussion as well of the coherence for the optimalcoupling strength range. With proper conditions of the coupling parameters and the evaluationmethods, the synchronization was satisfactorily obtained between the transmitter and receiver.
When Intersection Ideals of Graphs of Rings are a Divisor graph
Authors: Al-Labadi Manal
Published: August 2020

Let R be a commutative principal ideal ring with unity. In this paper, we classify when the intersectiongraphs of ideals of a ring R G(R), is a divisor graph. We prove that the intersection graphs of ideals of a ring RG(R), is a divisor graph if and only if R is a local ring or it is a product of two local rings with each of them hasone chain of ideals. We also prove that G(R), is a divisor graph if it is a product of two local rings one of themhas at most two non-trivial ideals with empty intersection.
Uji Beda Pendapatan Usahatani Mangga Gedong Gincu Pada Saat On Season dan Off Season
Authors: Pedekawati Cindy , Karyani Tuti , Sulistyowati Lies
Published: August 2020

Mangga gedong gincu menjadi komoditas hortikultura yang cenderung lebih disukai walaupun harga jualnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan varietas mangga lainnya seperti Aromanis, Cengkir dan Kaweni. Hal ini menandakan mangga gedong gincu memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan berpeluang untuk meningkatan kesejahteraan petani. Namun demikian, usahatani ini mempunyai risiko yang tinggi karena sangat dipengaruhi oleh musim sehingga umumnya mangga gedong gincu tidak tersedia sepanjang tahun walaupun permintaan sangat banyak. Untuk itu petani menerapkan teknologi off season agar produksi bisa dilakukan sepanjang tahun. Teknologi off season memerlukan keterampilan dan biaya yang besar namun harga jual pada saat off season lebih besar sehingga diduga pendapatan usahatani mangga gedong gincu pada saat off season lebih tinggi dibandingkan pendapatan saat on season, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pendapatan usahatani mangga gedong gincu pada saat on season dan off season. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Sedong Kabupaten Cirebon dengan sampel sebanyak 47 petani. Pendapatan usahatani dianalisis menggunakan analisis pendapatan dan uji beda sampel berpasangan untuk membandingkan pendapatan pada saat on season dan off season. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 persen, rata-rata pendapatan per pohon atas biaya tunai maupun biaya total petani mangga gedong gincu saat on season dan off season adalah berbeda signifikan. Pendapatan usahatani mangga gedong gincu pada saat off season lebih tinggi daripada saat on season. Usahatani mangga gedong gincu pada kedua musim sama-sama menguntungkan karena nilai RC rasio lebih besar dari satu, sehingga usahatani mangga gedong gincu pada saat off season dapat menjadi pilihan petani untuk menambah pendapatan.
Manipulacion De La Imagen Digital En Medicina. Conceptos Basicos Para Médicos.
Authors: Reyna Rolando
Published: August 2020

[Manipulation Of The Digital Image In Medicine. Basics Concepts For Doctors]

 

Resumen
Las imágenes digitales en medicina son importantes hoy en día por su uso en diferentes campos. La manipulación de imágenes juega un importante rol en las presentaciones.

Las funciones más importantes para obtener imágenes son el tamaño, resolución y color. Resoluciones de 300 ppp y 72 ppp deben ser usadas para publicaciones y presentaciones por computadoras, respectivamente. La imagen debe ser salvada en formato TIFF la cual es un tipo de archivo que no comprime imágenes.

El formato JPG comprime el tamaño de la imagen pero reduce su calidad. El formato JPG es una buena opción si se necesita, como en Internet o una presentación de PowerPoint.

 

 

Abstract
The digital images in medicine are very important today in different fields. Digital manipulation of images plays a key role in development of multimedia presentations.

The most important functions for properly scanning images are size, resolution, and color. Resolutions of 300 ppi and 72 ppi should be used for print publication and computer presentations, respectively. The scanned image should be saved as a TIFF, which is an uncompressed file. The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format compresses the size of the image file but also reduces image quality.

The JPEG format is a good choice if a small file size is needed, such as in Web and PowerPoint presentations.
El Virus Zika
Authors: Cuero Cesar
Published: August 2020

El virus Zika, es transmitido por la picadura del Aedes Aegypti hembra. Este mosquito tiene como hábito usualmente picar de día. El virus de Zika es un flavivirus, identificado por primera vez en Macaco de Uganda, en el año 1947. Es en el año 1952 que se identificó por primera vez en humanos en Uganda y Tanzania.

Brotes de esa enfermedad se han visto en África, Las Américas, Asia y el Pacífico. Se lleva un registro de los brotes, siendo el primero en la isla de Yap, perteneciente a la Micronesia. En el año 2013 se detectó un gran brote en la Polinesia Francesa y otros territorios del Pacífico. En Brasil, en el año 2015 se describió la relación entre la infección y la microcefalia. Hasta el presente, 86 países y territorios aparecen en la OMS, como que han presentado afección por el virus Zika.

Hasta el momento, se conoce que la infección por el virus Zika durante el embarazo, puede causar microcefalia, que se debe a la pérdida de tejido cerebral o a un desarrollo cerebral anormal. Sus consecuencias dependen de la magnitud del daño cerebral. Igualmente puede causar otras malformaciones congénitas y constituyen el llamado Síndrome Congénito. La infección está asociada además con otros problemas inherentes al embarazo como son el parto prematuro y el aborto espontaneo. El síndrome congénito incluye además otras malformaciones, como contracturas de los miembros, hipertonía muscular, alteraciones oculares y sordera. Se calcula que un 5–15% de los lactantes hijos de mujeres infectadas durante el embarazo presentan complicaciones relacionadas con el virus. Las malformaciones congénitas pueden aparecer tras infecciones sintomáticas o asintomáticas.

La prevención es la mejor forma de evitar esta enfermedad. Todas las personas deben protegerse contra la picadura de mosquitos durante el día y al anochecer. Se debe prestar especial atención a evitar las picaduras de mosquitos entre mujeres embarazadas, las mujeres en edad fecunda y los niños pequeños. Se debe usar ropa, preferiblemente de colores claros, que cubra al máximo del cuerpo, uso de mosquiteros, mantener puertas y ventanas cerradas y el uso de repelentes de insectos que contengan DEET, o icaridina.

Debemos tener presente que los mosquitos del género Aedes se crían en acumulaciones muy pequeñas de agua limpia, alrededor de las casas, escuelas y lugares de trabajo, por lo que es importante eliminar estos criaderos.

La OMS recomienda que a todas las personas sexualmente activas de ambos sexos se les preste un asesoramiento correcto y se les proponga todos los métodos anticonceptivos para que puedan elegir con conocimiento de causa si desean concebir o no, y en qué momento, a fin de prevenir posibles desenlaces gestacionales y fetales adversos.

En la actualidad se trabaja en el desarrollo de una vacuna para prevenir la enfermedad por el virus Zika. Como no se cuenta con dicha vacuna, las medidas de prevención juegan un papel muy importante en la contención de la enfermedad.
Clothing Fit Issues for Trans People
Authors: Reilly Andrew , Catalpa Jory , McGuire Jenifer
Published: August 2020

As many as nine million people identify as a transperson in the United States, yet mass clothing designing and manufacturing do not meet the needs of this consumer group. This research examines the role of fit in ready-to-wear (RTW) clothing using qualitative research methods. 90 transpeople from the United States, Canada, and Ireland participated in interviews and data from interviews were analyzed using line-by-line analysis, resulting in three themes. Theme 1 explored current fit problems with RTW clothing, Theme 2 explored the desire to use clothing to hide parts of the body that did not align with one’s gender identity, and Theme 3 explored the desire to use clothing to highlight parts of the body that did align with one’s gender identity. Findings from this research confirm the assumption that current RTW clothing does not meet the needs of the transperson population and offers areas where designers and manufactures can reassess their methods relative to this consumer group.
Fashion Film: The Grain of the Past in the Present
Authors: Evans Caroline
Published: August 2020

Today’s fashion film is often assumed to be an entirely new form that emerged in the digital age, but in fact it has a long history going back to the time of the first film, around 1900, and this lecture will bring together examples of both to tease out some connections. It draws on methods from “media archaeology” to argue that fashion film is a multi-layered construction in which past and present are interwoven in what Michel Foucault called “a history of the present.” The talk is drawn from Caroline’s collaborative research project “Archaeology of Fashion Film.” The project is based at Central Saint Martins (University of the Arts London) in collaboration with Winchester School of Art (University of Southampton).
Diversity Now! Sequins, Style & the End of Gender with Dr. Madison Moore
Authors: Rammal Rachel
Published: August 2020

Diversity Now! is an annual lecture series hosted by the Centre for Fashion Diversity and Social Change at Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada. This lecture series explores how individuals have used fashion as a means to inspire social change and political advocacy in their personal lives, their community, or the fashion industry. The 2019 guest lecturer was Dr. Madison Moore, an artist-scholar, DJ, and Assistant Professor of Gender, Sexuality and Women’s Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University. In this seventh series lecture, Moore discussed the journey and research behind his recent book Fabulous: The Rise of The Beautiful Eccentric (2018). Drawing on autobiography, anecdotal evidence, and interviews, Moore took his audience on a journey from his childhood in Ferguson, Missouri, to the night scene in New York, London, and Berlin, with an emphasis on Vogue Balls and catwalks. While Moore’s lecture drew on various sources, his message was unequivocal: style and clothes have the power to inspire social change.
THE IMPACT OF INFLUENCERS ON THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS REGARDING THE PURCHASE OF THE BRAND PRODUCT
Authors: Gajanova Lubica , Majerova Jana , Nadanyiova Margareta
Published: August 2020

Purpose – the aim of this paper is to study the impact of influencers on the decisionmaking process regarding the purchase of the brand product. Research methodology – the method of collecting data through a questionnaire and the contingency analysis to process the data were chosen for this research. Findings – the research revealed quite a degree of distrust of Slovak consumers in influencer marketing. This may be partly explained by the singularity of Slovaks and partly by the limitations of research. Research limitations – the limitation of research may be the fact that it is not possible to draw clear conclusions solely from the perspective of consumers because their actual view may differ from reality. To remove limitations of this kind it is advisable to repeat the questioning on another sample of respondents. Practical implications – the results are anticipated to enhance and deepen the understanding of previous practice of brand managers. The findings should be beneficial for improving the attractiveness of marketing communication and thus higher competitiveness. Originality/Value – the research population has been surveyed not only on flat-rate basis because the segments vary significantly in their perception of influencers’ impact.
Different Fates of Young Star Clusters after Gas Expulsion
Authors: Pang Xiaoying , Li Yuqian , Tang Shih-Yun , Pasquato Mario , Kouwenhoven M. B. N.
Published: August 2020

We identify structures of the young star cluster NGC 2232 in the solar neighborhood (323.0 pc) and a newly discovered star cluster, LP 2439 (289.1 pc). Member candidates are identified using the Gaia DR2 sky position, parallax, and proper-motion data by an unsupervised machine-learning method, StarGO. Member contamination from the Galactic disk is further removed using the color–magnitude diagram. The four identified groups (NGC 2232, LP 2439, and two filamentary structures) of stars are coeval with an age of 25 Myr and were likely formed in the same giant molecular cloud. We correct the distance asymmetry from the parallax error with a Bayesian method. The 3D morphology shows the two spherical distributions of clusters NGC 2232 and LP 2439. Two filamentary structures are spatially and kinematically connected to NGC 2232. Both NGC 2232 and LP 2439 are expanding. The expansion is more significant in LP 2439, generating a loose spatial distribution with shallow volume number and mass density profiles. The expansion is suggested to be mainly driven by gas expulsion. With 73% of the cluster mass bound, NGC 2232 is currently experiencing a process of revirialization, However, LP 2439, with 52% of the cluster mass unbound, may fully dissolve in the near future. The different survivability traces the different dynamical states of NGC 2232 and LP 2439 prior to the onset of gas expulsion. While NGC 2232 may have been substructured and subvirial, LP 2439 may have either been virial/supervirial or experienced a much faster rate of gas removal.
Chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): An overview
Authors: Gokhman Vladimir E.
Published: August 2020

An overview of the current knowledge of chromosome sets of the parasitoid superfamily Chalcidoidea is given. Karyotypes of approximately 240 members of this group, i.e. just above one percent of described species, are studied up to now. Techniques for obtaining and analyzing preparations of chalcid chromosomes are outlined, including the so-called “traditional” and “modern” methods of differential staining as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Among the Chalcidoidea, the haploid chromosome number can vary from n = 3 to n = 11, with a clear mode at n = 6 and a second local maximum at n = 10. In this group, most chromosomes are either metacentric or submetacentric, but acrocentrics and/or subtelocentrics also can predominate, especially within karyotypes of certain Chalcidoidea with higher chromosome numbers. The following main types of chromosomal mutations are characteristic of chalcid karyotypes: inversions, fusions, translocations, polyploidy, aneuploidy and B chromosome variation. Although karyotype evolution of this superfamily was mainly studied using phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphological and/or molecular characters, chromosomal synapomorphies of certain groups were also revealed. Taxonomic implications of karyotypic features of the Chalcidoidea are apparently the most important at the species level, especially among cryptic taxa.
Germination of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus depends on cutting date and seed morphology
Authors: Klinger Yves P. , Eckstein Rolf Lutz , Horlemann David , Otte Annette , Ludewig Kristin
Published: August 2020

In semi-natural grasslands, mowing leads to the dispersal of species that have viable seeds at the right time. For invasive plant species in grasslands, dispersal by mowing should be avoided, and information on the effect of cutting date on the germination of invasive species is needed. We investigated the germination of seeds of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. depending on the cutting date. We measured seed traits associated with successful germination that can be assessed by managers for an improved timing of control measures. To this end, we sampled seeds of L. polyphyllus on six cutting dates and analyzed the germination of these seeds in climate chambers and under ambient weather conditions. We collected information on seed morphology (color/size/hardseededness) for each cutting date to identify seed traits associated with successful germination. Observed germination patterns were highly asynchronous and differed between seeds cut at different dates. Seeds cut early, being green and soft, tended to germinate in autumn. Seeds cut late, being dark and hard, were more prone to germinate the following spring, after winter stratification. This allows the species to utilize germination niches throughout the year, thus indicating a bet-hedging strategy. Seed color and the percentage of hard seeds were good predictors of germination percentage, but not of mean germination time and synchrony. Managers should prevent the species producing black and hard seeds, while cutting plants carrying green and soft seeds is less problematic. Furthermore, germination patterns differed between climate chambers and the common garden, mainly because germination of dormant seeds was lower in climate chambers. More germination experiments under ambient weather conditions should be carried out, as they can give information on the germination dynamics of invasive species.
Does the volume overload exaggerate the severity of mitral regurgitation in patients with decompensated heart failure?
Authors: SAVAŞ Göktuğ , ŞAHİN Ömer , YAŞAN Mustafa , KARABIYIK Uğur , KALAY Nihat , DOĞAN Ali , ELMALI Ferhan , OĞUZHAN Abdurrahman
Published: August 2020

Background/aim: Diagnosing and managing functional mitral regurgitation (MR) is often challenging and requires an integrated approach including a comprehensive echocardiographic examination. However, the effects of volume overload on the echocardiographic assessment of MR severity are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to weigh the effects of volume overload in the echocardiographic assessment of MR severity among patients with heart failure (HF).Materials and methods: Twenty-nine patients with decompensated HF, who had moderate or severe MR, were included in the present study. The volume status and the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) levels were recorded and the echocardiographic parameters were assessed. After the conventional treatment for HF, the proBNP levels and the echocardiographic parameters were assessed again.Results: The mean age of the patients was 72 ± 9 years and the average hospitalization time was 10.9 ± 5.9 days. Between the beginning and the end of the treatment, there were significant reductions in the effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) (0.36 ± 0.09 cm2 to 0.29 ± 0.09 cm2, P < 0.001), vena contracta (VC) (P < 0.001), the regurgitant volume (RV) (P < 0.001), and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the relationship of changes in severity of MR with volume-load by monitoring the proBNP levels among patients with HF. The present results demonstrated that volume reduction, as evidenced by a decline in the proBNP levels, was accompanied by a marked reduction in the EROA, VC, and the RV among patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
Réseaux et lieux de pouvoir au très haut Moyen Âge. Les lettres face à l’archéologie
Authors: Bayard Adrien
Published: August 2020

L’étude des lieux et des réseaux de pouvoir au très haut Moyen Âge a beaucoup à gagner d’une confrontation entre les éléments présents dans les corpus épistolaires et les données des fouilles. La localisation des sites élitaires, leur structure interne et leur capacité à organiser l’espace environnant fait en effet l’objet d’un discours comparable. Protection, production et culture de l’ otium se perpétuent dans le cadre d’une rhétorique semblable, que l’on considère les vestiges architecturaux ou les pièces contenues dans les collections gauloises des v e et vi e  siècles, et notamment dans la riche correspondance de Sidoine Apollinaire. Même si la comparaison ne saurait être menée de façon trop systématique, cette double documentation témoigne des modes de vie spécifiques aux élites sociales et indique une forte valorisation des espaces de domination ; dans les deux cas, elle offre des éclairages sur les centres autour desquels s’articulent les réseaux de pouvoir.
Impact de la gestion foncière sur les espaces agricoles périurbaine à Madingou (Sud-Ouest du Congo)
Authors: Luc Mouthou Jean , Gildas Kimbatsa Francelet , Duvais Miyalou Duck , GOMA Mbatchi Létiva Craiche
Published: August 2020

À Madingou, la question de la gestion foncière se pose avec acuité, car le développement des espaces urbains empiète sur les terres dévolues à l’agriculture périurbaine. Ce phénomène reconnu par les autorités municipales et les populations est à la fois à l’origine de la croissance anarchique de la ville et au rétrécissement préoccupant des superficies agricoles périurbaines. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser l’impact de la gestion foncière sur l’agriculture périurbaine à Madingou. Elle est réalisée entre janvier et mars 2017. L’approche méthodologique abordée s’est basée sur la recherche documentaire et les enquêtes de terrain. Au total, 106 ménages ont été enquêtés. Les résultats obtenus de cette étude se caractérisent par une évolution de la superficie bâtie, soit 121 hectares en 1946, 148 hectares en 1959, 329 hectares en 1983 et 929 hectares en 2016. Après l’indépendance du Congo en 1960, l’extension de la ville s’est faite de façon exponentielle, grignotant de larges espaces agricoles. Cette situation a eu pour conséquence, une extension aggravée de l’évolution des espaces bâtis contre une réduction des espaces agricoles. Au regard des opérations de lotissement en cours, l’espace bâti gagnera à nouveau au cours de ces derrières années près de 178 hectares qui auront ainsi été acquis au détriment des espaces agricoles périurbaines obligeant nombre d’activités agricoles à s’éloigner de plus en plus des alentours de la ville pour s’installer dans les villages proches de la communauté urbaine de Madingou.
La crise contemporaine haïtienne : entre manœuvres politiques et corruptions
Authors: Jabouin Evens
Published: August 2020

Engluée dans une crise chronique ayant pour toile de fond la corruption, Haïti est, depuis la fondation de la Première République au début du xixe siècle, happée par la violence et prise en otage par une faction de la société, un petit groupe d’oligarques, avides de pouvoir et de plus en plus portés par la recherche de rente ou par l’appât du gain. En remontant aussi loin que le lendemain de l’indépendance, le présent article retrace le parcours historique d’une série de pratiques qui seraient à l’origine de la crise haïtienne actuelle, montrant comment la corruption a pu non seulement être un handicap à la cohésion sociale, mais aussi un frein au développement économique du pays. Il a permis de dilapider les fonds publics et de creuser davantage le fossé existant entre Noirs et Métis, entre le monde urbain et le monde rural. Au cœur des pratiques corruptrices et des stratégies manipulatrices, le Sénat (et plus tard le Parlement) haïtien, en tant que principal générateur de conflits, tire les ficelles dans le sens de l’intérêt de ses membres.
Yoga and Weight Management
Authors: Sharma Sachin Kumar , Pal Sushma , Telles Shirley
Published: August 2020

A comprehensive lifestyle intervention that is effective, yet safe, for weight loss is recommended for weight management. Yoga is one such intervention that includes (1) increased physical activity and (2) suggestions about healthy eating and other behavioral changes. With this, there have been attempts to assess the effectiveness of yoga for weight management. The present review aimed at (1) evaluating studies assessing the effects of yoga on obesity and (2) grade them according to standard grading methods. Twenty-three studies, of which nine were RCTs, were included. The rating of RCTs was between 70.6 and 94.2, which can be considered fairly good. However the present review shows that there are fewer studies with (1) adequate sample sizes, (2) study designs, (3) long term follow up, and (4) adequate reporting of adverse events to conclude that yoga is an effective and safe intervention for weight loss. Hence, further studies with the points described above are required to conclude the safety and efficacy of yoga for weight loss.
Overview of Yoga for Teenagers in the UK
Authors: Martinus Charlotta , Kearney Nicholas A.
Published: August 2020

This chapter outlines the current state of affairs of yoga provision for teenagers in the UK. It looks at the history of yoga in the UK among young people, the research and the application in school contexts, as well as prison and Pupil Referral Units. It outlines the results from the Hippocampus project, an EU-funded 2 year project evaluating the impact of yoga on disadvantaged youth in five countries. The chapter also takes a look at the current financial support for yoga in schools and the possibilities of taking it forward.
An Exploration of Influence of Duration on Physiological Effects of Asanas
Authors: Subudhi Debadutta , Manivannan M.
Published: August 2020

Different body postures that can be maintained for a certain duration with awareness are called yoga-asanas. These asanas matter flexibility, coordination, and strength, while the breathing practices and meditation sharpens the mind for better awareness and reduce anxiety and thus adds quality into life. Other beneficial effects might involve a reduction of stress, blood pressure, and improvements in resilience, mood, and metabolic regulation. The asanas performed regularly for a short duration in hours is well studied in the literature. However, when performed for a long duration continuously for several hours (40-hour yogathon), without food and sleep has a significant effect in regulating homeostasis. The homeostasis is accessed through cardio-respiratory and galvanic skin response changes. The study shows the physiological changes after the yogathon and compares it with effects on physiology due to short term yoga. It also emphasizes on the reduction of dependency on food, because of energy compensation through yoga-asanas.
Evaluating the Influence of Energy Consumption on Process Plan Attributes
Authors: Al-Shebeeb Omar Ahmed , Gopalakrishnan Bhaskaran , Devaru Dayakar
Published: August 2020

This chapter presents an idea of including the energy cost in the total cost of manufacturing. The main objective of this work is to index and evaluate the process plan based on the energy consumption of different machining processes while considering machining cost to index the process plans based on energy consumption and to select the best process plan based on machining cost. The second portion is the energy evaluation part, in which the process planner, after selecting machining parameters and considering several alternative process plans, analyzes and compares the energy cost and the total machining cost for the part. MPSEL program was used to develop alternative process plans. VISUALMACH program was used to calculate process plan attributes. Different process plans were compared based on the costs of energy, machining, material, and total cost. The obtained results from the proposed methodology showed a significant contribution toward the effectiveness of energy management function within enterprises to meet targets and goals on energy and emissions reduction.
Effect of Boundary Conditions and Taper Patterns on Geometrically Nonlinear Frequency Response of Axially Graded Beams on Elastic Foundation
Authors: Lohar Hareram , Mitra Anirban , Sahoo Sarmila
Published: August 2020

Forced vibration analysis is performed on a tapered axially functionally graded beam resting on elastic foundation under externally applied harmonic excitations to present the effect of boundary conditions and taper patterns on the frequency response. The elastic foundation is modelled in the present analysis as Winkler foundation. A displacement based semi-analytical method is adopted for mathematical formulation and the derivation of governing equations is carried out following Hamilton's principle. Von Karman nonlinear strain-displacement relation employed to incorporate geometric nonlinearity. Broyden method is adopted to solve the nonlinear set of equations. Frequency response curves are plotted in non-dimensional frequency-amplitude plane to represent nonlinear forced vibration characteristic of the system. New benchmark results are also provided for different combination of system parameters (i.e., excitation amplitudes, foundation stiffness values, material models, taper patterns, and flexural boundary conditions). Operational deflection shapes (ODS) are also presented.
Triple Bottom Line-Focused Optimization of Oblique Turning Processes Based on Hybrid Modeling
Authors: Quiza Ramón , La Fé-Perdomo Iván , Rivas Marcelino , Ramtahalsing Veena
Published: August 2020

This chapter proposes a hybrid approach for modelling and optimizing the oblique turning processes. Analytical modelling and statistical regressions are combined for predicting the values of the most important parameters involved in the oblique cutting process. The predictions of the model were validated by using experimental data, showing coincidence for a 95% confidence level. Then, an a posteriori multi-objective optimization is carried out by using a genetic algorithm. Three conflicting objectives, which represent the three pillars of the sustainability as defined in the triple bottom line, are simultaneously considered: the carbon dioxide emissions, the cost, and the cutting time. The outcome of the optimization process is a set of non-nominate solutions, which are optimal in the wide sense that no other solution in the search space can improve one objective without worsening the other one. Finally, the decision-maker chooses the most convenient solution depending on the actual workshop conditions.
Optimization of Seat Frame With Dissimilar Materials for Lightweight Materials
Authors: Jeon Euy Sik , Ju Yeong Jo
Published: August 2020

High-strength and lightweight methods for vehicle parts include methods such as optimization and application of lightweight materials by reflecting load or material characteristics. Safety regulations have been established in accordance with the loads affecting the vehicle to secure the safety of the vehicle. In order to reduce the weight, high strength materials such as high strength steel (HSS) or high tensile strength steel (AHSS) have been studied. In addition, research on additional lightweight optimization is actively performed by removing parts that do not require high strength or replacing them with plastics. The process of designing a vehicle or part with different properties and considering various loads is costly and time consuming. In order to secure safety and light weight, the authors propose an approximate model for the optimal design of the seat frame that has a direct impact on occupants among the parts of the vehicle, and reduces the development cost, time, and intuitive design through the procedure.
Stress and Strain Distribution in the Upsetting Process
Authors: Obiko Japheth , Mwema Fredrick Madaraka
Published: August 2020

Numerical simulation of metal flow behaviour was studied using DeformTM3D software. The simulation process was done on X20 steel taken from the software database at 1073-1273K temperature, 10mm/s die speed, and 67% height reduction. From the simulation results, forging load, damage, and stress/strain distributions were obtained. The results show that the forging load increased with a decrease in temperature or decreased with an increase in temperature. The maximum damage values increased as the temperature increased. The obtained maximum damage values were 0.42 (1073K), 0.43 (1173K), and 0.45 (1273K). The damage distribution was inhomogeneous in the deformed cylinder. The stress/strain distributions were inhomogeneous in the deformed cylinder. The location of the maximum strain was at the centre of the deformed cylinder while the maximum stress occurred at the die-cylinder contact surfaces. The study showed that flow stress behaviour can be predicted using finite element method. This shows the feasibility of applying the finite element analysis to analyse the forging process.
ANÁLISE DE UM EPISÓDIO DE NUVEM FUNIL EM SANTA MARIA/RS NO DIA 4 DE MARÇO DE 2016
Authors: Iensse Amanda Comassetto , Wollmann Cássio Arthur
Published: August 2020

No Brasil, sobretudo no centro-sul, os eventos extremos como tornados são registrados frequentemente pela população. Além dos tornados, também são registradas as nuvens funil que tem a mesma gênese do tornado, mas que não toca o solo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi de analisar as condições atmosféricas que resultaram na ocorrência de uma nuvem funil em Santa Maria/RS no dia 04 de março de 2016. Os procedimentos metodológicos baseados em análise de cartas sinóticas da Marinha do Brasil do dia anterior e do dia do evento, imagens de satélite do canal infravermelho disponibilizados pelo INPE e dados da estação meteorológica de superfície localizada no município de Santa Maria mostraram-se propícios para a formação de distúrbios baroclínicos na atmosfera. As cartas sinóticas mostraram um sistema de baixa pressão sobre o Rio Grande do Sul causando nebulosidade que posteriormente foi corroborada com a imagem de satélite. A estação meteorológica mostrou que a temperatura, umidade, pressão, nebulosidade e velocidade dos ventos oscilaram bastante resultando na formação da nuvem funil.
MODELAGEM DINÂMICA DO DESMATAMENTO NO SUL DA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL
Authors: Oliveira Patricia Christiana S. de S. , Santos Alex Mota dos , Ferreira Nilson Clementino
Published: August 2020

O estado de Rondônia é, dentre aqueles que compõem a região da Amazônia Ocidental, o que apresentou a maior área desmatada. Isso ocorreu devido à opção do Estado Nacional pela propriedade privada da terra e pela expansão capitalista, em detrimento da conservação e das formas tradicionais de uso. Desse modo, o objetivo desse estudo é realizar a modelagem dinâmica do desmatamento, de 2015 a 2050, no estado de Rondônia. As metodologias empregadas foram a modelagem ambiental e a tomada de decisão com base no Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). A modelagem dinâmica dos desmatamentos foi elaborada por meio da utilização do software DINAMICA EGO. Os resultados revelaram que o avanço do desmatamento, até 2015, ocupou 37,68% da área do estado de Rondônia e atingirá 54,87%, até 2050. Além disso, o desmatamento será maior em áreas próximas à malha viária, às manchas urbanas e às áreas já desmatadas. Em contrapartida, a conservação da vegetação se tornará mais expressiva junto às áreas especiais, às terras indígenas e às unidades de conservação. Por fim, a partir do mapa de projeção da retirada da vegetação para o ano de 2050, foi possível constatar que a retirada da vegetação será maior na porção noroeste, especialmente no município de Porto Velho.
Particle Size Analysis of the Synthesized Al2O3 by Dissolution and Alkali Fusion-Coprecipitation Methods
Authors: Murti Cahyaning Fajar Kresna , Baqiya Malik Anjelh , Endarko  , Triwikantoro
Published: August 2020

Particle size analysis of synthesized Al2O3 by dissolution and alkali fusion-coprecipitation methods has been conducted. The formation of nano- or microparticles can be synthesized by the top-down (physically) and bottom-up (chemically) methods. In this study, the commercial alumina (Merck) with the particle size of 63 µm was synthesized through the bottom-up method. The dissolution method was done by reacting to alumina with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The alkali fusion method was carried out by reacting alumina with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and it obtained by coprecipitation of the alkali fusion product with HCl and NH4OH. The result from both methods were calcined at 600°C. The phase of synthesized Al2O3 was identified by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), whereas the morphology observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the particle sizes measured by particle sizes analyzer (PSA). The XRD pattern shows the γ-Al2O3 phases with particle sizes of ~33 nm and ~25 nm from TEM observations, while the PSA results revealed agglomerated particles with particle sizes of 1263 nm and 477 nm for the dissolution and alkali fusion-coprecipitation method, respectively. Therefore, both methods can be used to reduce the particle size of γ-Al2O3.
Variable Range Hopping Resistivity in La2-xSrxCuO4 Nanoparticles Evaluated by Four Point Probe Method
Authors: Winarsih Suci , Budiman Faisal , Tanaka Hirofumi , Adachi Tadashi , Goto Takayuki , Soegijono Bambang , Kurniawan Budhy , Watanabe Isao
Published: August 2020

We report the results of the resistivity measurement on La2-xSrxCuO4 nanoparticles with x = 0, 0.05, and 0.20 evaluated by the four-point probe method. The high resistivity value shows the predominance of the inter-grain part. The temperature dependence of the conductivity can be analyzed by variable range hopping model showing the charge carriers are formed by thermal activation. There is no superconducting behavior that could be observed in La2-xSrxCuO4 nanoparticles with x = 0.05 and 0.20.
Spin Alignment Studies on the Muon-Site Determination in La2CuO4
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Redo , Ramli Irwan , Sari Dita Puspita , Kurniawan Budhy , Manaf Azwar , Mohamed-Ibrahim Mohamed Ismail , Sulaiman Shukri , Watanabe Isao
Published: August 2020

Here we report spin-alignment contributions to muon coordinate calculated utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculation. We estimated four different antiferromagnetic (AF) spin alignments in La2CuO4. We observed small changes by adjusting spin configurations in DFT calculations. Cu-spin value of 0.61 µB is constant in all calculations. The insulating gap of 1.9 eV is unchanged in all configurations. Muon coordinate was defined as the most minimum energy in atomic potential distribution. By assuming that Cu-spin is a point dipole for each atom, internal fields for muon were calculated and compared to known experimental results.
Electronic Properties of Nitrogen- and Boron-Doped Amorphous Carbon (a-C:N and a-C:B) Films from Palmyra Sugar
Authors: Laila Anna Zakiyatul , Nadiyyah Khoirotun , Ardiani Irma Septi , Priyanto Budhi , Darminto
Published: August 2020

Amorphous carbon (a-C) film is a unique material that attracts the attention of scientists to be investigated. Nitrogen- and boron- doped amorphous carbon (a-C:N and a-C:B) have been deposited on ITO glass substrates by using nanospray method. Palmyra sugar is heated at temperature 250o C for 2.5 hours to obtain a-C. Boric acid (H3BO3) and amonium hidroxide (NH4OH) are used as the sources of boron doping and nitrogen doping. a-C:N and a-C:B are made by the variations of mole ratio for doping and amorphous carbon, that are 1:15 and 1:20. Then, these samples are dissolved into mixed dymethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and aquades. The exfoliation process of samples has been done by applying ultrasonic cleaner for 2 hours and also centrifugated at 4000 rpm for 45 minutes. Electrical conductivity and band gap are measured by using four point probe and UV Vis. The results show that electrical conductivity increases but band gap decreases than pure a-C. Furthermore, the larger mole ratio of a:C-N and a-C:B also increases conductivity and decreases band gap, resulting between 5.5×10-1S/cm – 6.1×10-1 S/cm and 1.43 eV – 1.71 eV.
Effect of Lead-Free Perovskite Cs2SnI6 Addition in the Structure of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Pujiarti Herlin , Hidayat Rahmat , Wulandari Priastuti
Published: August 2020

Over the past few years, metal halide perovskites have been considered as a promising material for application in photovoltaic devices because of its unique optical and electrical properties. In particular, Sn-based perovskites have been being considered to replace Pb-based perovskite because of the Pb toxicity that will raise serious concerns on the environmental issue. In this report, we present our attempt to synthesize the Sn-based perovskite (namely, Cs2SnI6), which is air and thermal stable, and use it as an electron transport layer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) for improving its power conversion efficiency. The synthesize of Cs2SnI6 perovskite was done by mixing Cs2CO3 in HI and SnI4 in ethanol to form a precipitate at room temperature. The purification process was an important part to collect effectively the synthesis product. The fabrication of DSSC was done by a standard process based on the screen printing and spin-coating techniques, while the characterization of Cs2SnI6 was done by UV-Vis spectroscopy and XRD measurement. In the present experiment, the addition of the Cs2SnI6 layer was performed by spin coating the Cs2SnI6 solution onto the TiO2 mesoporous layer. The photovoltaic performance of the fabricated DSSC shows a significant enhancement in the short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) and conversion efficiency, that is, from 15.04 mA/cm2 to 16.33 mA/cm2 from 5.7% to 6.75% due to the incorporation of spin-coated 5 mM Cs2SnI6 in comparison to the reference cell without Cs2SnI6.
Fabrication of Compact Magnesium Disk by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Wirani Destri , Anawati Anawati , Sudiro Toto
Published: August 2020

Fabrication of pure magnesium (Mg) disk was performed by powder metallurgy with the compaction method of spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effect of mechanical milling time on the microstructure, density, and porosity of the disk specimen was investigated. At an identical temperature, the 4 and 5 h milled specimens exhibited a nearly overlapped displacement curves during SPS, and a higher value indicating a higher densification degree than that of the 3 h milling powder. In agreement, the specimen density increased consecutively from 1.76 to 1.77 and 1.80 g/cm3 for the milling time of 3, 4, and 5 h. However, the porosity increased from 1.21% to 1.49% when the milling time increased from 3 to 4 h and further to 3.44% for 5 h milled specimens. The microstructure observation revealed that the average grain size decreased, and the pores became smaller and elongated with increasing milling time. The number of pores was higher with the gain fraction of grain boundaries. The 3 h milled specimen contained the highest atomic fraction of oxygen (21.9 at%) than that of the 4 and 5 h milled specimens (5.6 at% and 7.9 at%). The optimum milling time for obtaining high density and low porosity of pure Mg disk was 4 h.
Fabrication of Hydroxyapatite Coating on Commercially Pure Ti by Electrophoretic Deposition Technique
Authors: Rahmadani Sri , Anawati Anawati , Jujur I. Nyoman , Hanafi Razie
Published: August 2020

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was deposited on commercially pure Ti to improve its biocompatibility as a biomedical implant material. The HA layer was deposited by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The processing parameters controlled the HA structure. In this research, the applied voltage was varied 20, 30, and 40 V to optimize a free-crack layer. The current output during EPD at 20 V was in the order of 10-5 A/cm2. A higher current density in the order of 10-4 A/cm2 was obtained at 30 and 40 V. The coating formed at 20 V was relatively free of crack. A high number of cracks began to observe in the layer formed at 30 V, while only a few cracks were revealed on the layer formed at 40 V. The average thickness of the HA layer increased slightly with applied voltage. The thickness was approximately 40±5 µm, as observed by an optical microscope. The optimum voltage to produce a thick HA layer with a small number of cracks was at 40 V.
Magnetic Properties of Pyrochlore Ruthenate Nd2Ru2O7 Studied by μSr
Authors: Widyaiswari Utami , Sakai Hideaki , Inoue Kanji , Hanasaki Noriaki , Sari Dita Puspita , Kurniawan Budhy , Watanabe Isao
Published: August 2020

We investigated the magnetic properties of pyrochlore ruthenates, R2Ru2O7, by using the muon spin relaxation (μSR) method. The appearance of a magnetically ordered state was confirmed below 145 K by observing the decrease in the initial asymmetry of the muon-spin polarization. This was due to a long-range ordering of Ru4+ spins. An additional anomaly in the μSR time spectrum was observed around 30 K. A part of the lost initial asymmetry was recovered and gradually decreases again with decreasing temperature below 30 K. This anomaly was supposed to be due to a magnetic ordering of Nd3+ spins which was coupled with ordered Ir moment via the 3d-4f exchange interaction.
Electrodepositing Ni-TiN/Si3N4 Composite Layer with Variation of Current Density
Authors: Budi Esmar , Oktaviani Yani , Fikry Achmad , Indrasari Widyaningrum , Sugihartono Iwan , Prayitno Teguh Budi
Published: August 2020

Composite of two phases with crystal grains of titanium nitride (TiN) and amorphous of silicon nitride (Si3N4) had shown an improvement of mechanical properties as shown by composite layer of nickel (Ni) and TiN. In this study, Ni-TiN/Si3N4 composite layer on tungsten carbide bar have been prepared by using electrodeposition to study the effect of current density on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the layer. The optimum properties of composite coating with no crack morphology and maximum hardness was shown by the sample electrodeposited at current density of about 2.5 mA/cm2. The high hardness was attributed to the nickel crystallite size refinement
Carbon Nanofibers Form by Electrospinning with Flowrate Variations as Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Anggoro Dicky , Muhlas Imam , Fatimah Iim
Published: August 2020

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been successfully prepared by using electrospinning at various flowrates, and were formed from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and activated carbon (700-1400 m2/g) as electrodes on capacitive deionization. Before being furthermore deposited into electrodes, characterization was carried out on CNFs by using SEM. Cyclic voltammetry analysis was also performed to determine the electrolysis mechanism of the electrodes. The best results in removing salt reaching 70% were achieved by capacitive deionization systems with the smallest diameter size of CNFs, at a voltage of 1.5 V. The CNFs formed by electrospinning have potential to be used as excellent capacitive deionization electrodes for the desalination process.