bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencing Sound Installations: A conceptual framework
Authors: Fraisse Valérian , Giannini Nicola , Guastavino Catherine , Boutard Guillaume
Published: September 2022

We propose a conceptual framework for describing and documenting sound installations from a visitor’s point of view. In the form of a taxonomy, the framework includes four complementary perspectives: sound sources, sound design approaches, visiting modalities and visual aspects. Its elaboration was informed by a review of contemporary sound installations in Quebec as well as a literature review on conceptual and theoretical frameworks on sound art and sound installations. Compared with existing frameworks, the taxonomy is useful for describing and comparing sound installations across meaningful perspectives from a visitor’s stance. To illustrate the potential benefits of the taxonomy and the diversity of installations it can portray, we provide a comparative analysis of four contemporary sound installations from different perspectives. We conclude with the use of this taxonomy for documentation purposes.
Drivers and distribution of the household-level double burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh: analysis of mother–child dyads from a national household survey
Authors: Sarker Abdur Razzaque , Hossain Zakir , Morton Alec
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) has become an emerging public health issue in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to provide important evidence for the prevalence of different types of DBM at the national and subnational levels in Bangladesh.

Design:

The study utilised data from the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–2018. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with DBM.

Setting:

Nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

Participants:

8697 mothers aged 15 to 49 years with <5 children.

Results:

The overall prevalence of the DBM was approximately 21 %, where the prevalence of overweight mother (OWM) & stunted child/wasted child/underweight child (SC/WC/UWC) and underweight mother (UWM) & overweight child (OWC) was 13·35 % and 7·69 %, respectively, with a higher prevalence among urban households (OWM & SC/WC/UWC = 14·22 %; UWM & OWC = 10·58 %) in Bangladesh. High inequality was observed among UWM & OWC dyads, concentration index (CI) = -0·2998, while low level of inequality of DBM were observed for OWM & SC (CI = 0·0153), OWM & WC (CI = 0·1165) and OWM & UWC (CI = 0·0135) dyads. We observed that the age and educational status of the mother, number of children, fathers’ occupation, size and wealth index of the household, and administrative division were significantly associated with all types of DBM.

Conclusions:

Health policymakers, concerned authorities and various stakeholders should stress the prevalence of DBM issues and take necessary actions aimed at identifying and addressing the DBM in Bangladesh.
Member-dominated international organizations as actors: a bottom-up theory of corporate agency
Authors: Gehring Thomas , Urbanski Kevin
Published: September 2022

This article introduces an innovative theoretical conception of the corporate agency of international organizations (IOs). Existing rationalist and constructivist accounts attribute IO agency to the influence of intra-organizational agents. Drawing on general conceptions of corporate agency in International Relations, sociology, and philosophy, we elucidate how IOs can develop corporate agency, even if the member states prepare and adopt all organizational decisions themselves. In line with recent studies on international political authority, we replace the IO-as-bureaucracy model with the more comprehensive concept of IOs-as-governors. To establish the micro-foundations of IO agency, we adopt a bottom-up perspective and outline how, and under which conditions, IO agency arises from the interaction of constituent actors. Irrespective of any specific institutional design, IOs become actors in their own right whenever they gain action capability and autonomy. They acquire action capability whenever their members pool governance resources like the right to regulate certain activities or to manage common funds and authorize IOs to deploy these resources. IOs gain autonomy whenever they affect organizational decisions. Both dimensions of IO agency are variable and open to empirical enquiry. To illustrate our argument, we refer to the United Nations Security Council and other IOs with member-driven decision processes.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Lobate Scarps in the Lunar South Polar Region: Evidence for Latitudinal Variation of Scarp Geometry, Kinematics and Formation Ages, Neo‐Tectonic Activity and Sources of Potential Seismic Risks at the Artemis Candidate Landing Regions
Authors: Mishra Abhisek , Senthil Kumar P.
Published: September 2022

Lobate scarps (thrust faults) in the lunar south polar region (90°–60°S) provide important insights into tectonic history, seismicity, and seismic hazard potential of landing sites. In this study, we discovered 75 new lobate scarps and >500 segments, exhibiting latitudinal variation of geometry and movement directions. Formation ages of 141 prominent scarp segments show fault growth rates and directions, decreasing ages from south pole to mid‐latitude, continuous tectonic activity in the last 100 million years with a peak around 10 Ma, seismic resetting of ages, and timings of global contraction. The scarps are capable of producing small‐medium size moonquakes within 5–10 km depths. The deterministic seismic hazard analysis, considering occurrence of MW 1–4 shallow moonquakes along the scarps in the next few decades, and their seismic ground motion characteristics, suggests variable levels of potential seismic risk at the Artemis candidate landing regions and further probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is necessary.
Contribution of Carbon Fixation Toward Carbon Sink in the Ocean Twilight Zone
Authors: Saxena Himanshu , Sahoo Deepika , Nazirahmed Sipai , Rai Deepak Kumar , Khan Mohammad Atif , Sharma Niharika , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Arvind
Published: September 2022

Dark carbon (C) fixation in the ocean twilight zone plays a crucial role toward C sink, but its potential has not been tested sufficiently in experiments. Here we analyzed dark C fixation in the twilight zone of the Arabian Sea along with the primary production measurements in the euphotic zone. The average dark C fixation rates in the suboxic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) waters were higher than that in the hypoxic OMZ waters, which could be explained by the preferential existence of chemoautotrophic ammonium oxidizers and anammox bacteria owing to NO2− maxima in the suboxic OMZ waters. This study supports a previous hypothesis of significant contribution of dark C fixation to sinking C fluxes in the OMZ of the Arabian Sea. Extrapolation of the measured dark C fixation rates to the global ocean ranged up to 7.4 Pg C y−1; amounting to ∼15% of the global ocean primary production.
Understanding the Evolution of Smoke Mass Extinction Efficiency Using Field Campaign Measurements
Authors: Saide Pablo E. , Thapa Laura H. , Ye Xinxin , Pagonis Demetrios , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Guo Hongyu , Schueneman Melinda K. , Jimenez Jose‐Luis , Moore Richard , Wiggins Elizabeth , Winstead Edward , Robinson Claire , Thornhill Lee , Sanchez Kevin , Wagner Nicholas L. , Ahern Adam , Katich Joseph M. , Perring Anne E. , Schwarz Joshua P. , Lyu Ming , Holmes Christopher D. , Hair Johnathan W. , Fenn Marta A. , Shingler Taylor J.
Published: September 2022

Aerosol mass extinction efficiency (MEE) is a key aerosol property used to connect aerosol optical properties with aerosol mass concentrations. Using measurements of smoke obtained during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) campaign we find that mid‐visible smoke MEE can change by a factor of 2–3 between fresh smoke (<2 hr old) and one‐day‐old smoke. While increases in aerosol size partially explain this trend, changes in the real part of the aerosol refractive index (real(n)) are necessary to provide closure assuming Mie theory. Real(n) estimates derived from multiple days of FIREX‐AQ measurements increase with age (from 1.40 – 1.45 to 1.5–1.54 from fresh to one‐day‐old) and are found to be positively correlated with organic aerosol oxidation state and aerosol size, and negatively correlated with smoke volatility. Future laboratory, field, and modeling studies should focus on better understanding and parameterizing these relationships to fully represent smoke aging.
Improving the WRF Forecast of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones Over the Asia‐Pacific Region by Constraining the Cloud Microphysics Model With GPM Observations
Authors: Wu Zuhang , Zhang Yun , Zhang Lifeng , Zheng Hepeng
Published: September 2022

We proposed a method to improve the forecasts of landfalling tropical cyclones (LTCs) by constraining the “cloud physics” with Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite observations. Eight typical LTCs that are well observed by GPM satellite in the Asia‐Pacific region from 2015 to 2021 are selected to verify the feasibility of this method. Using a cloud‐resolving model, the LTCs are simulated for 3 days with both the original and modified microphysics scheme for comparison. The improvement of LTC forecasts is evaluated in terms of hydrometeor structure, amplitude, and location. Most notably, the structure forecast of condensed water improved up to 32% on average for all LTCs. The location forecast and amplitude forecast of condensed water also improved to varying degrees. Moreover, it is found that the error of LTC forecasts was reduced even more by using microphysics constraints from GPM observation than that by assimilating GPM data directly in other research.
Unraveling the Formation Region and Frequency of Chorus Spectral Gaps
Authors: Li Jinxing , Bortnik Jacob , Li Wen , An Xin , Lyons Larry R. , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Hartley David P. , Reeves Geoffrey D. , Funsten Herbert O. , Blake J. Bernard , Spence Harlan , Baker Daniel N.
Published: September 2022

The present study addresses two basic questions related to banded chorus waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere: 1) are chorus spectral gaps formed near the equatorial source region or during propagation away from the equator? and 2) why are chorus spectral gaps usually located below 0.5 fce (fce: electron gyro‐frequency)? By analyzing Van Allen Probes data, we demonstrate that chorus spectral gaps are observed in the source region where chorus waves propagate both in the parallel and anti‐parallel directions to the magnetic field. Chorus spectral gaps below 0.5 fce are associated with electron parallel acceleration at energies above the equatorial Landau resonant energies. We explain that initially generated chorus waves quickly isotropize the electron distribution through Landau resonant acceleration, and the isotropization occurs for higher energies at higher latitudes. The isotropized population, after returning to the magnetic equator, leads to a chorus gap typically below 0.5 fce by suppressing wave excitation.
Quantifying the Effects of Non‐Hydrostatic Stress on Multi‐Component Minerals
Authors: Hess Benjamin L. , Ague Jay J. , Voorhees Peter W.
Published: September 2022

Mineral compositions are used to infer pressures, temperatures, and timescales of geological processes. The thermodynamic techniques underlying these inferences assume a uniform, constant pressure. Nonetheless, convergent margins generate significant non‐hydrostatic (unequal) stresses, violating the uniform pressure assumption and creating uncertainty. Materials scientists F. Larché and J. Cahn derived an equation suitable for non‐hydrostatically stressed geologic environments that links stress and equilibrium composition in elastic, multi‐component crystals. However, previous works have shown that for binary solid solutions with ideal mixing behavior, hundreds of MPa to GPa‐level stresses are required to shift mineral compositions by a few hundredths of a mole fraction, limiting the equation's applicability. Here, we apply Larché and Cahn's equation to garnet, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase solid solutions, incorporating for the first time non‐ideal mixing behavior and more than two endmembers. We show that non‐ideal mixing increases predicted stress‐induced composition changes by up to an order of magnitude. Further, incorporating additional solid solution endmembers changes the predicted stress‐induced composition shifts of the other endmembers being considered. Finally, we demonstrate that Larché and Cahn's approach yields positive entropy production, a requirement for any real process to occur. Our findings reveal that stresses between tens and a few hundred MPa can shift mineral compositions by several hundredths of a mole fraction. Consequently, mineral compositions could plausibly be used to infer stress states. We suggest that stress‐composition effects could develop via intracrystalline diffusion in any high‐grade metamorphic setting, but are most likely in hot, dry, and strong rocks such as lower crustal granulites.
Chondrogenic primed extracellular vesicles activate miR-455/SOX11/FOXO axis for cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Sun Ye , Zhao Jie , Wu Qiang , Zhang Yuxin , You Yongqing , Jiang Wenbo , Dai Kerong
Published: September 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Considerable progress has been made using stem-cell-derived therapy. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of BMSCs in chondrogenesis could be attributed to the secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Herein, we investigated the feasibility of applying engineered EVs with chondrogenic priming as a biomimetic tool in chondrogenesis. We demonstrated that EVs derived from TGFβ3-preconditioned BMSCs presented enriched specific miRNAs that could be transferred to native BMSCs to promote chondrogenesis. In addition, We found that EVs derived from TGFβ3-preconditioned BMSCs rich in miR-455 promoted OA alleviation and cartilage regeneration by activating the SOX11/FOXO signaling pathway. Moreover, the designed T3-EV hydrogel showed great potential in cartilage defect treatment. Our findings provide new means to apply biosafe engineered EVs from chondrogenic primed-BMSCs for cartilage repair and OA treatment, expanding the understanding of chondrogenesis and OA development modulated by EV-miRNAs in vivo.
Putting pesticides on the map for pollinator research and conservation
Authors: Douglas Margaret R. , Baisley Paige , Soba Sara , Kammerer Melanie , Lonsdorf Eric V. , Grozinger Christina M.
Published: September 2022

Wild and managed pollinators are essential to food production and the function of natural ecosystems; however, their populations are threatened by multiple stressors including pesticide use. Because pollinator species can travel hundreds to thousands of meters to forage, recent research has stressed the importance of evaluating pollinator decline at the landscape scale. However, scientists’ and conservationists’ ability to do this has been limited by a lack of accessible data on pesticide use at relevant spatial scales and in toxicological units meaningful to pollinators. Here, we synthesize information from several large, publicly available datasets on pesticide use patterns, land use, and toxicity to generate novel datasets describing pesticide use by active ingredient (kg, 1997–2017) and aggregate insecticide load (kg and honey bee lethal doses, 1997–2014) for state-crop combinations in the contiguous U.S. Furthermore, by linking pesticide datasets with land-use data, we describe a method to map pesticide indicators at spatial scales relevant to pollinator research and conservation.
Human and economic impacts of natural disasters: can we trust the global data?
Authors: Jones Rebecca Louise , Guha-Sapir Debarati , Tubeuf Sandy
Published: September 2022

Reliable and complete data held in disaster databases are imperative to inform effective disaster preparedness and mitigation policies. Nonetheless, disaster databases are highly prone to missingness. In this article, we conduct a missing data diagnosis of the widely-cited, global disaster database, the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) to identify the extent and potential determinants of missing data within EM-DAT. In addition, through a review of prominent empirical literature, we contextualise how missing data within EM-DAT has been handled previously. A large proportion of missing data was identified for disasters attributed to natural hazards occurring between 1990 and 2020, particularly on the economic losses. The year the disaster occurred, income-classification of the affected country and disaster type were all significant predictors of missingness for key human and economic loss variables. Accordingly, data are unlikely to be missing completely at random. Advanced statistical methods to handle missing data are thus warranted when analysing disaster data to minimise the risk of biasing statistical inferences and to ensure global disaster data can be trusted.
Efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light direct eyelid application
Authors: Martínez-Hergueta María C. , Alió del Barrio Jorge L. , Canto-Cerdan Mario , Amesty María A.
Published: September 2022

To describe the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) applied directly on the eyelids of patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) without corneal shield protector. Observational retrospective single centre study where patients underwent 3 treatment sessions of IPL with 2 weeks of interval. The IPL was carried out with Lumenis OPT M22 with a double pass technique of 12 impacts on the infraorbital/lower eyelid region with the 15 × 35 mm guide light (step 1) and a double pass technique of 3 impacts over the upper eyelids with the 8 × 15 mm guide light (step 2). The follow up was conducted through Oculus Keratograph 5 M. 30 patients were enrolled in the study. Although there were no significant differences (p > 0.05), non-invasive tear break-up time, ocular redness, and OSDI questionnaire improved during the 3 IPL sessions. A significant improvement (p = 0.024) in the percentage of meibomian gland loss was also observed. Regarding tear meniscus, it was found similar measurements before and after treatment. No serious adverse effects were reported during the procedure or in subsequent follow-up. Preliminary results suggest that IPL therapy applied directly on the eyelids without corneal shield could be safe and effective in the treatment of MGD.
Raman focal point on Roman Egyptian blue elucidates disordered cuprorivaite, green glass phase and trace compounds
Authors: Dariz Petra , Schmid Thomas
Published: September 2022

The discussed comparative analyses of Roman Imperial pigment balls and fragmentary murals unearthed in the ancient cities of Aventicum and Augusta Raurica (Switzerland) by means of Raman microspectroscopy pertain to a predecessor study on trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue (St. Peter, Gratsch, South Tyrol, Northern Italy). The plethora of newly detected associated minerals of the raw materials surviving the synthesis procedure validate the use of quartz sand matching the composition of sediments transported by the Volturno river into the Gulf of Gaeta (Campania, Southern Italy) with a roasted sulphidic copper ore and a mixed-alkaline plant ash as fluxing agent. Thus, the results corroborate a monopolised pigment production site located in the northern Phlegrean Fields persisting over the first centuries A.D., this in line with statements of the antique Roman writers Vitruvius and Pliny the Elder and recent archaeological evidences. Beyond that, Raman spectra reveal through gradual peak shifts and changes of band width locally divergent process conditions and compositional inhomogeneities provoking crystal lattice disorder in the chromophoric cuprorivaite as well as the formation of a copper-bearing green glass phase, the latter probably in dependency of the concentration of alkali flux, notwithstanding that otherwise solid-state reactions predominate the synthesis.
Incompatible pollen abortion and late-acting self-incompatibility in Schima superba
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Hanbo , Zhou Zhichun
Published: September 2022

In angiosperms, self-incompatibility (SI) is a common and widespread mechanism for plant prevention of inbreeding, and late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) may be ancestral in the group. In this work, we studied Schima superba, a species in Theaceae that is a commercially important timer and fire-resistant tree, and revealed its LSI mechanism. Hormones, enzymes, transcriptomes, and proteins were compared between self-pollination (SP) and outcross pollination (OP) in the styles and ovaries from 0 to 120 h after pollination. The self-pollen tubes grew to the bottom of the style and entered the ovary within 48 h but failed to penetrate the ovule. Meanwhile, the hormone and peroxidase levels dramatically changed. Transcriptome and proteome analyses explored the molecular mechanisms of LSI and candidate genes related to LSI in S. superba. Overall, 586.71 million reads were obtained, and 79,642 (39.08%) unigenes were annotated. KEGG and GO analysis showed that there were 4531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 82 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 48 h in self- (SP) versus outcross pollination (OP). Among these, 160 DEGs and 33 DEPs were involved in pollen–pistil interactions. “Pollen–pistil interaction,” “signal recognition,” and “component of membrane” were downregulated in SP, whereas “cell wall and membrane biosynthetic process,” and “oxidoreductase activity” were upregulated. The DEGs involved with S-RNases and SCF during SP suggested that the LSI occurred at 48 h in the ovary and that the LSI in S. superba was under gametophyte control. Calcium ion increase and release, mitochondrial function loss, and ROS disruption further aggravated PCD progress and cell death. The LSI of S. superba, which happened 48 h after pollination, was a key time point. The incompatibility PT ceased growth in the ovary because of S-RNase recognition and PCD in this organ. This study highlights the LSI molecular mechanism in S. superba and provides a reference to other species in Theaceae.
Uterine extracellular vesicles as multi-signal messengers during maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare
Authors: Rudolf Vegas Alba , Hamdi Meriem , Podico Giorgia , Bollwein Heinrich , Fröhlich Thomas , Canisso Igor F. , Bauersachs Stefan , Almiñana Carmen
Published: September 2022

In contrast to other domestic mammals, the embryo-derived signal(s) leading to maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) are still unknow in the mare. We hypothesize that these embryonic signals could be packed into uterine extracellular vesicles (uEVs), acting as multi-signal messengers between the conceptus and the maternal tract, and contributing to MRP. To unveil these signals, the RNA and protein cargos of uEVs isolated from uterine lavages collected from pregnant mares (P; day 10, 11, 12 and 13 after ovulation) and cyclic control mares (C; day 10 and 13 after ovulation) were analyzed. Our results showed a fine-tuned regulation of the uEV cargo (RNAs and proteins), by the day of pregnancy, the estrous cycle, and even the size of the embryo. A particular RNA pattern was identified with specific increase on P12 related to immune system and hormonal response. Besides, a set of proteins as well as RNAs was highly enriched in EVs on P12 and P13. Differential abundance of miRNAs was also identified in P13-derived uEVs. Their target genes were linked to down- or upregulated genes in the embryo and the endometrium, exposing their potential origin. Our study identified for first time specific molecules packed in uEVs, which were previously associated to MRP in the mare, and thus bringing added value to the current knowledge. Further integrative and functional analyses will help to confirm the role of these molecules in uEVs during MRP in the mare.
Genomic adaptation of the picoeukaryote Pelagomonas calceolata to iron-poor oceans revealed by a chromosome-scale genome sequence
Authors: Guérin Nina , Ciccarella Marta , Flamant Elisa , Frémont Paul , Mangenot Sophie , Istace Benjamin , Noel Benjamin , Belser Caroline , Bertrand Laurie , Labadie Karine , Cruaud Corinne , Romac Sarah , Bachy Charles , Gachenot Martin , Pelletier Eric , Alberti Adriana , Jaillon Olivier , Wincker Patrick , Aury Jean-Marc , Carradec Quentin
Published: September 2022

The smallest phytoplankton species are key actors in oceans biogeochemical cycling and their abundance and distribution are affected with global environmental changes. Among them, algae of the Pelagophyceae class encompass coastal species causative of harmful algal blooms while others are cosmopolitan and abundant. The lack of genomic reference in this lineage is a main limitation to study its ecological importance. Here, we analysed Pelagomonas calceolata relative abundance, ecological niche and potential for the adaptation in all oceans using a complete chromosome-scale assembled genome sequence. Our results show that P. calceolata is one of the most abundant eukaryotic species in the oceans with a relative abundance favoured by high temperature, low-light and iron-poor conditions. Climate change projections based on its relative abundance suggest an extension of the P. calceolata habitat toward the poles at the end of this century. Finally, we observed a specific gene repertoire and expression level variations potentially explaining its ecological success in low-iron and low-nitrate environments. Collectively, these findings reveal the ecological importance of P. calceolata and lay the foundation for a global scale analysis of the adaptation and acclimation strategies of this small phytoplankton in a changing environment.
Data-driven efficient synthetic exploration of anionic lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Kitamura Yu , Nakamura Yuiga , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Tanaka Daisuke
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of lanthanide metal–organic frameworks with terephthalate (Ln-BDC-MOFs) was investigated using a data-driven approach.
Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted formation of crystalline materials for various energetic applications
Authors: Kuchurov Ilya V. , Zharkov Mikhail N. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: September 2022

This highlight gives an overview of recent advances in production of crystalline materials for high energy density applications for rechargeable batteries and solar cells or energetic compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide medium.
Metal–organic framework-derived porous CoFe2O4/carbon composite nanofibers for high-rate lithium storage
Authors: Shi Chu , Long Zhiwen , Wu Caiqin , Dai Han , Bai Lin , Qiao Hui , Fan Qi Hua , Wang Keliang
Published: September 2022

Upon assembled into full cells, metal–organic frameworks derived porous CoFe2O4/carbon composite nanofibers achieved long-cycling and high-rate performance, and a series of LED bulbs can be lit to demonstrate its potential in real applications.
Spin dynamics and inverse spin Hall effect study in the metallic Pt/NiMn/CoFeB system
Authors: Roy Koustuv , Nayak Sagarika , Gupta Pushpendra , Bedanta Subhankar
Published: September 2022

Generation and manipulation of pure spin current is the governing tool to develop spintronic devices.
Mechanism of high photoluminescence quantum yield of melem
Authors: Kiuchi Hiroki , Sonoda Yoriko , Miyake Yuto , Kobayashi Fumiya , Tsutsumi Jun’ya , Tadokoro Makoto , Kanai Kaname
Published: September 2022

Melem has a simple molecular structure and emits in the near-UV region. Melem exhibits delayed fluorescence with a long lifetime and very high PL quantum yield due to thermal activation delayed fluorescence (TADF).
Improving gas-derived parameterization of groundwater using free phase gas measurements
Authors: Agnew Robert J. , Hunt Andrew G. , Halihan Todd
Published: September 2022

The hydropneumograph is a new technique for analyzing aquifer discharge dynamics for bubbling springs that increases the accuracy of gas derived groundwater parameters.
Cellulose dissolution and gelation in NaOH(aq) under controlled CO2 atmosphere: supramolecular structure and flow properties
Authors: Reyes Guillermo , King Alistair W. T. , Koso Tetyana V. , Penttilä Paavo A. , Kosonen Harri , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: September 2022

We investigate the interplay between cellulose crystallization and aggregation with interfibrillar interactions, shear forces, and the local changes in the medium's acidity.
Exciton–phonon coupling in alanine-based hybrid lead bromide
Authors: Vasconcelos Nailson , Araújo Bruno S. , Abreu Dieric S. , P. Gómez Mayra A. , Ayala Alejandro P. , Paschoal Carlos William A.
Published: September 2022

We found the octahedral distortion in this compound drives its optical properties due to the STE formation. Also, a strong exciton–phonon coupling is observed and ascribed as the mechanism of temperature-induced PL broadening.
A fragment-based approach leading to the discovery of inhibitors of CK2α with a novel mechanism of action
Authors: Brear Paul , De Fusco Claudia , Atkinson Eleanor L. , Iegre Jessica , Francis-Newton Nicola J. , Venkitaraman Ashok R. , Hyvönen Marko , Spring David R.
Published: September 2022

Development of a novel CK2α inhibitor from a fragment-based screen with a proposed novel mechanism of action.
Synthesis, computational and optical studies of tetraphenylethene-linked Pd(ii)dipyrrinato complexes
Authors: Manav Neha , Singh Rajvir , Janaagal Anu , Yadav Amit Kumar Singh , Pandey Vijayalakshmi , Gupta Iti
Published: September 2022

A series of Pd(ii)dipyrrinato complexes are synthesized and characterized. Their DFT and aggregation studies and photo-catalytic applications are reported.
UV-light-enhanced room temperature NO2 gas-sensing performances based on sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanoflakes
Authors: Basivi Praveen Kumar , Pasupuleti Kedhareswara Sairam , Gelija Devarajulu , Kim Moon-Deock , Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao , Kim Chang Woo
Published: September 2022

Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has generated tremendous attention in room temperature (RT) gas-sensing applications because of its physicochemical characteristics.
One-pot and divergent synthesis of polysubstituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones and oxireno[2,3-c]quinolin-2(1aH,3H,7bH)-ones via sequential Ugi/Knoevenagel condensation/hydrolysis and Ugi/Corey–Chaykovsky epoxidation reactions
Authors: Yang Mao-Lin , Pan Hong-Ling , Kong Han-Han , Ding Ming-Wu
Published: September 2022

A new one-pot and divergent synthesis of multisubstituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones and oxireno[2,3-c]quinolin-2(1aH,3H,7bH)-ones was developed.
Electrochemical C–H functionalization to synthesize 3-hydroxyalkylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and aldehydes
Authors: Liu Han-Fu , He Mu-Xue , Tang Hai-Tao
Published: September 2022

We reported an electrocatalytic direct C3-hydroxyalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones to construct 3-hydroxyalkylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives, which uses unprotected quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and aliphatic aldehydes as substrates.
Marangoni-induced reversal of meniscus-climbing microdroplets
Authors: Sun Jianxing , Weisensee Patricia B.
Published: September 2022

Small water droplets can concurrently ascend and descend an oil meniscus on a cooled lubricant-infused substrate, depending on their relative size, due to competing influences from capillary attraction and Marangoni shear forces.
Proteomic mapping and optogenetic manipulation of membrane contact sites
Authors: Lin Gang , Shi Wenyi , Zhang Ningxia , Lee Yi-Tsang , Wang Youjun , Jing Ji
Published: September 2022

Membrane contact sites (MCSs) mediate crucial physiological processes in eukaryotic cells, including ion signaling, lipid metabolism, and autophagy. Dysregulation of MCSs is closely related to various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Visualization, proteomic mapping and manipulation of MCSs may help the dissection of the physiology and pathology MCSs. Recent technical advances have enabled better understanding of the dynamics and functions of MCSs. Here we present a summary of currently known functions of MCSs, with a focus on optical approaches to visualize and manipulate MCSs, as well as proteomic mapping within MCSs.
The role of autophagy-lysosomal pathway in motor neuron diseases
Authors: Tedesco Barbara , Ferrari Veronica , Cozzi Marta , Chierichetti Marta , Casarotto Elena , Pramaggiore Paola , Mina Francesco , Piccolella Margherita , Cristofani Riccardo , Crippa Valeria , Rusmini Paola , Galbiati Mariarita , Poletti Angelo
Published: September 2022

Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) include a broad group of diseases in which neurodegeneration mainly affects upper and/or lower motor neurons (MNs). Although the involvement of specific MNs, symptoms, age of onset, and progression differ in MNDs, the main pathogenic mechanism common to most MNDs is represented by proteostasis alteration and proteotoxicity. This pathomechanism may be directly related to mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in the protein quality control system, particularly the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Alternatively, proteostasis alteration can be caused by aberrant proteins that tend to misfold and to aggregate, two related processes that, over time, cannot be properly handled by the ALP. Here, we summarize the main ALP features, focusing on different routes utilized to deliver substrates to the lysosome and how the various ALP pathways intersect with the intracellular trafficking of membranes and vesicles. Next, we provide an overview of the mutated genes that have been found associated with MNDs, how these gene products are involved in different steps of ALP and related processes. Finally, we discuss how autophagy can be considered a valid therapeutic target for MNDs treatment focusing on traditional autophagy modulators and on emerging approaches to overcome their limitations.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Disaster Preparedness: Roles, Responsibilities, and Opportunities for Speech-Language Pathologists and Other Professionals
Authors: Boesch Miriam C. , Begley Elizabeth , Blackstone Sarah , Caswell Tina
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

People who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) face unique challenges during natural and man-made disasters. When Hurricanes Harvey, Maria, and Irma struck in 2017, the need to address the immediate and longer term needs of this group during all stages of the disaster became apparent. The purposes of this clinical focus article are to discuss theUnited States Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Disaster Relief Committeeinitiatives; obtain the perspectives of families on disaster preparedness before, during, and after the disaster; and provide recommendations for speech-language pathologists and other professionals to increase disaster preparedness for people who use AAC.

Method:

A survey was disseminated via e-mail to 20 people who requested AAC assistance during Hurricane Harvey. A total of 13 people completed the 10-question survey for a response rate of 65%.

Results:

The most salient findings indicated that people who use AAC and their families were unprepared prior to the disaster and did not have the necessary resources during and after the disaster. The Disaster Relief Committee used these findings to create disaster preparedness initiatives.

Conclusion:

This article discusses a text-based toolkit developed to increase disaster preparedness and provides recommendations for speech-language pathologists and other professionals on how to help clients who use AAC prepare for disasters and have the necessary vocabulary to communicate effectively during disaster situations.
Comments on ‘Chinese Remainder Theorem‐based centralised group key management for secure multicast communication’
Authors: Xia Zhe , Yang Yu , Miao Fuyou
Published: September 2022

To ensure private message exchange among the group members, it is desirable to construct secure and efficient group key management schemes. Moreover, these schemes are more versatile if they could support dynamic join or leave of group members. In IET Information Security 2014, Vijayakumar et al. have introduced such a group key management scheme with lightweight overheads in both computation and communication. And this scheme has been used as a building block in many cryptographic protocols afterwards. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that Vijayakumar's scheme suffers some potential security weaknesses. First, after participating in the group communications for some sessions, a group member may still be able to obtain the group key after it leaves the group, and this violates the claimed security property of forward secrecy. Second, some colluding group members may derive another group member's long term secret key, and obviously, this has more serious consequences. One of the main reasons for the existence of these attacks is that the security analyses in Vijayakumar's scheme are informal and they cannot cover the dynamic environment. To address this issue, the authors’ suggestion is that heuristic arguments of security are not adequate in the design of cryptographic protocols, but formal security definitions and proofs are required.
Emerging Activation Modes and Techniques in Visible-Light-Photocatalyzed Organic Synthesis
Authors: De Vos Dries , Gadde Karthik , Maes Bert U. W.
Published: September 2022

Visible light photocatalysis has evolved into a promising mild and sustainable strategy to access radicals. This field unlocks formerly challenging or even previously inaccessible organic transformations. In this review, an overview of some lesser-known modes of photochemical activation of organic molecules and several emerging techniques within the versatile field of visible light photocatalysis are discussed. These are illustrated by selected photocatalytic reactions, with particular attention given to the reaction mechanism.

1 Introduction

2 Advanced Photoactivation Modes

2.1 Photoinduced Hydrogen-Atom Transfer

2.2 Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer

2.3 Electron Donor-Acceptor Photoactivation of Organic Substrates

2.4 Excited-State Transition Metal Catalysis

3 Emerging Techniques

3.1 Dual Catalysis

3.2 Excited Radical Ion Photocatalysis

3.3 Upconversion Strategies and Other Two-Photon Mechanisms

3.4 Red and Near-Infrared Photocatalysis

4 Conclusions and Outlook
Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Adverse Outcomes in Patients
with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Su Yongcai , Zhang Xiaole
Published: September 2022

A consensus has not been reached on the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS)
with adverse outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The
purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the
prognostic implication of MetS in patients with stable CAD. We comprehensively
searched articles indexing in PubMed and Embase databases until August 14, 2022.
Original studies investigating the association of MetS with adverse outcomes in
patients with stable CAD were included. Seven studies including 32 736 patients
with stable CAD were identified. Depending on the definition of MetS, the
reported prevalence of MetS ranged from 23.4% to 63%.
Meta-analysis showed that patients with MetS conferred an increased risk of
all-cause mortality [risk ratio (RR) 1.22; 95% confidence intervals (CI)
1.15–1.19], cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.49; 95% CI
1.16–1.92), and MACEs defined by death, myocardial infarction,
revascularization, cardiac arrest, or angina admission (RR 1.47; 95% CI
1.20–1.79), respectively. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis indicated
the robustness of the value of MetS in prediction of all-cause mortality. MetS
may be an independently predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with stable
CAD. However, future studies are required to consolidate the current evidence
due to the small number of studies included.
Diabetic Foot Infection Characteristics and Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns in a Regional Hospital in Libya
Authors: Eldukali Wail A. , Boshaalla Mohamed A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction Diabetes is a major global health problem, among the top causes of death worldwide. Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is associated with an increased risk of amputation by 155 times and a mortality rate of 57% at 5 years. This study aims to characterize DFI epidemiology in a local hospital and analyze local microbiological patterns and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Patients and Methods This is a retrospective review of Al Jala hospital Benghazi/Libya medical records. Eligible patients were included, if they had DFI with confirmed tissue/pus samples collections was submitted to the hospital laboratory for microbiology and Antibiotics susceptibility analysis.

Results Out of 126 patients, 77 (61.1%) were men, and 49 (38.9%) were women. The mean age was 55.4 years. Incision drainage with debridement was the most common surgical procedure (77.1%). 38.88% of growth was polymicrobial. Gram-negative rods were isolated in 70.9%, and gram-positive cocci in 27.4%. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.9%) and Proteus sps. (14.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.3%), and Escherichia coli (10.2%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes 30% of isolated S. aureus. The most common effective antibiotic for P. aeruginosa was imipenem (90%), for S. aureus was linezolid (100%), and for MRSA was linezolid, vancomycin (100%), and ciprofloxacin 88.8%. Sixty-four percent of total bacterial isolates were MDROs (gram-positive isolates 65.3%, gram-negative isolates 63.6%).

Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a global health concern. This study attempts to evaluate the local microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility to tailor the treatment choice for better patient outcomes.
The Fibrinolytic System in Peripartum Depression
Authors: Hoirisch-Clapauch Silvia
Published: September 2022

The relationship between depression and reduced fibrinolytic activity reflects the role of tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin in brain remodeling underlying resilience, depression remission, and reward processing, rather than the dissolution of fibrin clots. Individuals who experience depression demonstrate hippocampal and prefrontal cortex atrophy, as well as impaired neuronal connectivity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synthesized as a precursor that is activated through cleavage by tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin, influences adult neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Depression is associated with decreased brain levels of BDNF, due to reduced activity of tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin. Tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin also mediate the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter implicated in motivation and reward. Peripartum depression defines a depressive episode that occurs during pregnancy or in the first month after delivery, reinforcing the concept that postpartum depression may be a continuum of antenatal depression. This article describes the fibrinolytic status in the healthy brain, in stress and depression, emphasizing the links between biological markers of depression and defective fibrinolysis. It also discusses the association between hypofibrinolysis and risk factors for perinatal depression, including polycystic ovary syndrome, early miscarriage, preeclampsia, stressful life events, sedentariness, eating habits, gestational and type 2 diabetes, and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. In addition, it reviews the evidence that antidepressant medications and interventions as diverse as placebo, psychotherapy, massage, video game playing, regular exercise, dietary modifications, omega 3 fatty acid supplementation, neurohormones, and cigarette smoking may reduce depression by restoring the fibrinolytic activity. Last, it suggests new directions for research.
What drives reputational risk? Evidence from textual risk disclosures in financial statements
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqian , Wang Yinghui , Li Jianping
Published: September 2022

The drivers of reputational risk are still far from explicit, making proactive risk management and quantitative research rather difficult. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision encourages financial institutions to systematically identify reputational risk drivers; however, such drivers still represent an unsolved problem. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to systemically identify reputational risk drivers from textual risk disclosures in financial reports. We find that textual risk disclosures in financial reports contain abundant information about the causes of reputational risk, thus indicating the possibility of systematically identifying the reputational risk drivers. To accurately extract reputational risk drivers from massive and unstructured textual risk disclosure data, we modify a text mining method to make it more suitable for this type of textual data with noise words. Based on 352,326 risk headings extracted from 11,921 annual reports released by 1570 U.S. financial institutions from 2006 to 2019, a total of 13 reputational risk drivers are identified to extend upon existing studies. The importance of reputational risk drivers and their dynamic evolutions are also quantified to discover the drivers of greatest concern. This paper can clarify the sources of reputational risk to help companies realize proactive reputational risk management and provide a theoretical basis for further quantitative studies, especially the measurement of reputational risk.
Self-localized electron state in a dense helium gas: Variational and self-consistent approaches
Authors: Zueva T. I. , Sokolov S. S.
Published: September 2022

Using the variational and self-consistent approaches, the possibility of the formation of a self-localized polaronic state of an electron in a helium vapor under an increase in its density with increasing temperature is studied. It is shown that such a state arises when the temperature reaches a certain characteristic value. It has been established that, when the trial wave function of a localized electron is chosen in the form of a Gaussian distribution, the procedure for minimizing the free energy of the system leads to a self-localized state formation temperature close to that at which a sharp drop in the charge mobility with increasing temperature is experimentally recorded. It is shown that the application of a self-consistent approach based on the joint solution of the wave equation for an electron and the equation for the density of the surrounding vapor leads to qualitatively the same results as the variational method, although with a higher polaronic state formation temperature.
Hybridization of CaFe1−xCoxAsF (x = 0, 0.06, 0.11, 0.144) studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao H. H. , Shen J. D. , Pan Y. Q. , Shi Z. X. , Miao L. , Li Q.
Published: September 2022

The parent compound CaFeAsF undergoes a structural phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic at T ∼ 121 K without superconductivity. The superconductivity emerged when the Fe sites are partially substituted by Co with a doping level of above 0.06 and the superconducting transition temperature is raised to 22 K in CaFe0.89Co0.11AsF. In this paper, the electronic structures of CaFe1−xCoxAsF (x = 0, 0.06, 0.11, 0.144) samples were studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). With the doping of Co, the Fe L3 XAS spectra shift to lower photon energy. Combined with the valence band spectra study, it is indicated that the strength of the hybridization between Fe 3d and As 4p is enhanced together with the increment of the superconducting transition temperature, after Co doping. The results suggest the enhancement of the hybridization between Fe 3d and As 4p plays an important role in the evolution of the superconductivity in Fe-based superconductors.