bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philosophy Educating Humanity
Authors: Becker Carl
Published: November 2019

The 20th century may be considered the ultimate expression of Western ideals and philosophy: "civilized" humanity's attempt to dominate "uncivilized" peoples and nature. The 21st century soberingly proclaims the shortsightedness and ultimate unsustainability of this philosophy. This paper shows the limitations of a modern Western world-view, and the practical applicability of ideas to be found in Asian philosophies. In outline, the contrast may be portrayed by the following overgeneralizations: (1) From a linear to a cyclical world view; (2) from divine salvation to karmic necessity; (3) from human dominion over nature to human place within nature; (4) from the perfectibility of humanity and the world through science; (5) from atomistic mechanistic individualism to organic interdependence; (6) from competition to cooperation; (7) from glorification of wealth to respect for humanhood; (8) from absolute cultural values to necessary common values. Each of these attitudes is examined in light of what we now know about the world in the 21st century, as Asian philosophy is found applicable to address future problems.
The Neoplatonist Roots of Sufi Philosophy
Authors: Godelek Kamuran
Published: November 2019

Neoplatonism strongly influenced the development of Sufism. Neoplatonism, as developed by Plotinus conceives God to be the source and goal of everything. Islam qua institution is closed to all critical and philosophical thought, but Sufism enjoys a more liberal and critical approach. It is probable that the translations of Plotinus have provided the necessary philosophical ground for Sufism. An examination of both Sufism and Neoplatonism reveals close similarities with regard to the nature of God, the soul, the body, concepts such as goodness, evil and beauty, death and life, and creation.
Inclusive Infinity and Radical Particularity
Authors: Simoni-Wastila Henry
Published: November 2019

God, or in Nishida's case Buddha-nature, is frequently conceptualized as relating to the world by including it within the Infinite. Particular elements within the world are not seen as existing in absolute differentiation or total negation from Spirit, God, or Absolute Non-Being. The Many are not excluded but are, on the contrary, included within the One. The logic by which the One includes the Many is a logic of manifold unity, or, as Hegel quite confidently puts it, true infinity as opposed to spurious infinity. I will argue that such a logic of inclusive infinity is operative in Hartshorne, Hegel and Nishida. Each uses different terminology and writes with different systemic emphases, but as applied to God or the Ultimate, the function and consequences of the logic of inclusivity are strikingly similar for all three philosophers. Although infinite inclusivity provides a way of unifying the chaotic diversity of existence into a rational totality, there are central questions that have remained unanswered in the three metaphysicians. Primary among them is the question that sums up within itself many of the others: the problem of radical particularity. The particular elements of the world which are claimed to be included within the parameters of the Ultimate are just that: particular fragments of reality. I argue that their particular nature makes it impossible for the Infinite to incorporate them within its purview without raising serious difficulties.
Radhakrishnan’s Thought and Existentialism
Authors: Das Juthika
Published: November 2019

I attempt to show the similarities between the viewpoints of Radhakrishnan and the existentialist thinkers. The philosophy of Radhakrishnan is an attempt to reinterpret and reconstruct the Advaita Vedanta of Sankara in the light of scientific knowledge and techniques of modern time. Existentialism is an attitude and outlook that emphasizes human existence. For Radhakrishnan, the human is essentially subject, not object. The existentialists assert that the human is not an object to be known, but a subject. Both Radhakrishnan and the existentialists emphasize the immense potential and present day condition of humanity. Radhakrishnan acknowledges the reality of suffering and misery of worldly existence. The existentialists maintain that there are antinomies, contradictions and distress at the root of existence. Radhakrishnan is concerned with liberation as a state of freedom. Freedom is the central concept around which the existential enquiry revolves. Though Radhakrishnan has certain affinities with existentialism, he regards it as a stage in the human's pilgrimage through life.
Main Trends of Contemporary Russian Thought
Authors: Epstein Mikhail
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the most recent period in the development of Russian thought (1960s-1990s). Proceeding from the cyclical patterns of Russian intellectual history, I propose to name it 'the third philosophical awakening.' I define the main tendency of this period as 'the struggle of thought against ideocracy.' I then suggest a classification of main trends in Russian thought of this period: (1) Dialectical materialism in its evolution from late Stalinism to neo-communist mysticism; (2) Neorationalism and Structuralism; (3) Neo-Slavophilism, or the Philosophy of National Spirit; (4) Personalism and Liberalism; (5) Religious Philosophy and Mysticism, both Christian Orthodox and Non-Traditional; (6) Culturology or the Philosophy of Culture; (7) Conceptualism or the Philosophy of Postmodernity.
Hartshorne and Nishida
Authors: Nobuhara Tokiyuki
Published: November 2019

This paper is a comparative study of Hartshorne's neoclassical reconsideration of the notion of the Absolute based on his Whiteheadian vision of the divine relativity, and Nishida's attempt at redefining the same notion against the background of what he calls the philosophy of "place" (Jpn., basho) of absolute Nothingness or Buddhist Emptiness. By reconsidering the notion of the Absolute, Hartshorne has come up with the standpoint of "Surrelativism," and Nishida's attempt has resulted in the standpoint of "absolute dialectic as guided by the principle of the self-identity of absolute contradictions."
Philosophy and Contemporary Science
Authors: Stenlund Sören
Published: November 2019

This paper is concerned with some of the differences between philosophy and contemporary science, and with the significance of these differences for the question of the nature of philosophy. Differences of particular interest here are ones that tend to be concealed and ignored through the influence of the professionalist attitudes of contemporary science, an influence that manifests itself in the prevailing normative attitude to the vocabularies and linguistic practices of professional philosophy. It is argued that this normative attitude is questionable in the light of a feature that we take to be essential to philosophy: always being open to the question of its own nature and task.
Globalization and Multi-cultural Knowledge of Human Rights
Authors: Drydyk Jay
Published: November 2019

Responding to a call by Pierre Sané, Secretary-General of Amnesty International, for a worldwide political movement to overcome the social damage that has been wrought by economic globalization, this paper asks whether such a movement can invoke current conceptions of human rights. In particular, if human rights are Euro-centric, how well would they serve the self-understanding of a movement that is to be global, culturally pluralistic and counterhegemonic to Northern capital? I argue that it is not human rights that are Eurocentric, but only certain conceptions of human rights. Properly understood, human rights are justifiable from within all cultures. Moreover, current conceptions of human rights are not as narrow as they were in 1948, when the Universal Declaration was drafted. Nearly five decades of international dialogue have transformed human rights discourse in ways that are profoundly anti-Eurocentric, and further transformations are already underway. There are resources of moral and political experience, within all cultures, which argue strongly in favor of these transformations. Therefore, a more consistent and more complete knowledge of human rights can emerge cross-culturally if the dialogue is not abused and if the relevant moral and political experience is let into the dialogue from all quarters.
Dangerous Illusion, Desperate Faith or Duty of Time?
Authors: Torosian V.
Published: November 2019

In antiquity, the idea of padeia organically joined learning and education. In today's world it remains the essence of culture. However, philosophy is now characterized by a spirit of pragmatism that correlates present-day needs with actual sociocultural trends. Humanism can seem today nothing more than an illusion, an unrealizable utopia. Nevertheless, philosophy in its educative role should shape a attitude to life that is not only deep and universal but humanistic as well.
The Modernity of Aristotle’s Logical Investigations
Authors: Boger George
Published: November 2019

Not until the early 1920’s was it possible to distinguish Aristotelian or traditional logic from Aristotle’s own ancient logic. We can now recognize many aspects of his logical investigations that are themselves modern, in the sense that modern logicians are making discoveries that Aristotle had already made or had anticipated. Here we gather five salient features of Aristotle’s logical investigations that reveal a striking philosophical modernity: 1) Aristotle took logic to be that part of epistemology used to establish knowledge of logical consequence; 2) Prior Analytics is a metalogical treatise on the syllogistic deduction system; 3) Aristotle recognized the epistemic efficacy of certain elemental argument patterns, and he explicitly formulated them as rules of natural deduction in corresponding sentences; 4) Prior Analytics is a proof-theoretic treatise in which Aristotle describes a natural deduction system and demonstrates certain of the logical relationships among syllogistic deduction rules (Aristotle modeled his syllogistic logic in a rudimentary way for this purpose and metasystematically established the independence of a set of deduction rules); and finally, 5) Aristotle worked with a notion of substitution sufficient for distinguishing logical syntax and semantics. In this connection he also distinguished validity from deducibility sufficiently well to note the completeness of his logic.
Metapsychologism In The Philosophy Of Logic
Authors: Bryushinkin Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The problem of psychologism in the philosophy of logic and the different solutions of this problem are considered. Both traditional psychologistic and antipsychologistic solutions are shown to be untenable and the need for a new solution is demonstrated. The original program of metapsychologism is advanced as a solution to the problem of psychologism based on deduction-search theory. Two formalized levels of a logical procedure are distinguished: 1) an object-level at which a notion of inference is formalized; 2) a metalevel at which principles of deduction-search are formalized, and a thesis of metapsychologism according to which metalevel processes are formulated. Metapsychologism lifts usual psychologist considerations one level up in the hierarchy of logical procedure, while a nonpsychologist justification of logical relations is kept at the object-level. The application of the thesis of metapsychologism to different concrete logical procedures is considered.
Philosophy and the Language of Dialectics and the Algebra of Dialectical Judgements
Authors: Kreidik Leonid G. , Shpenkov George P.
Published: November 2019

Subjective science, as a pattern of an objective science, is based on a dialectical triad: language-logic-philosophy, which is the language of dialectics. The first level of language is its grammar, whose basis constitutes lexemes (name-words) and lexas (relation-words). Dialectical logical factor sets (logical parts of speech) are the basis of dialectical logic and logical morphology. They form the second level of the language of dialectics. The logical factor sets are represented by dialectical forms of thinking, reflecting the contradictory nature of reality. In the first approximation, any face of a state or a phenomenon of nature has at least two sides of comparison. All variety of these sides are joined together by the common name oppositi. Dialectical philosophy is the third generalized level of language. The main qualitative postulates of dialectical philosophy constitute two postulates: a postulate of existence and a postulate of evolution. A simple description of an object of thought usually contains a statement and a judgment. In this paper, we consider the simplest meanings of judgments, namely, some dialectical combinations-judgments of Yes and No. Judgments are postulated on the basis of a material-ideal dialectical field.
The Model Theory Of Dedekind Algebras
Authors: Weaver George
Published: November 2019

A Dedekind algebra is an ordered pair (B, h) where B is a non-empty set and h is a "similarity transformation" on B. Among the Dedekind algebras is the sequence of positive integers. Each Dedekind algebra can be decomposed into a family of disjointed, countable subalgebras which are called the configurations of the algebra. There are many isomorphic types of configurations. Each Dedekind algebra is associated with a cardinal value function called the confirmation signature which counts the number of configurations in each isomorphism type occurring in the decomposition of the algebra. Two Dedekind algebras are isomorphic if their configuration signatures are identical. I introduce conditions on configuration signatures that are sufficient for characterizing Dedekind algebras uniquely up to isomorphisms in second order logic. I show Dedekind's characterization of the sequence of positive integers to be a consequence of these more general results, and use configuration signatures to delineate homogeneous, universal and homogeneous-universal Dedekind algebras. These delineations establish various results about these classes of Dedekind algebras including existence and uniqueness.
Al-Ghazâlî, Causality, and Knowledge
Authors: Adamson Peter
Published: November 2019

Few passages in Arabic philosophy have attracted as much attention as al-Ghazâlî's discussion of causality in the seventeenth discussion of Tahâfut al-Falsafa, along with the response of Ibn Rushd (Averroës) in his Tahâfut al-Tahâfut. A question often asked is to what extent al-Ghazâlî can be called an occasionalist; that is, whether he follows other Kalâm thinkers in restricting causal agency to God alone. What has not been thoroughly addressed in previous studies is a question which al-Ghazâlî and Ibn Rushd both see as decisive in the seventeenth discussion: what theory of causality is sufficient to explain human knowledge? In this paper I show that al-Ghazâlî's and Ibn Rushd's theories of causality are closely related to their epistemologies. The difference between the two thinkers can be briefly summerized as follows. For Ibn Rushd, the paradigm of human knowledge is demonstrative science; for al-Ghazâlî, in contrast, the paradigm of human knowledge is (or at least includes) revelation. Yet both remain committed to the possibility of Aristotelian science and its underlying principles. Thus, I suggest that al-Ghazâlî's stance in the seventeenth discussion sheds light on his critique of philosophy in the Tahâfut: namely, philosophy is not inherently incoherent, but simply limited in scope. I also briefly compare this position to that of Thomas Aquinas, in order to place the view in a more familiar context.
The Aesthetic Pedagogy of Francis of Assisi
Authors: Smit Laura
Published: November 2019

Despite his anti-intellectualism, Francis of Assisi was an effective teacher who intentionally illustrated the life of virtue in his own way of living. He was a teacher in the sense that the Hebrew prophets, Socrates or Gandhi were teachers. He was a performance artist for whom drama functioned pedagogically. His life was not always meant to be an example to his followers; sometimes it was a dramatic lesson, meant to be watched, not imitated. All drama is inherently a distortion of reality because it focuses the attention on one aspect of reality. Francis’ dramatized life distorts the importance of poverty, but this is a distortion from which we may be able to learn if we are able to imaginatively identify with Francis. For Francis, asceticism was a form of obedience, and obedience a mode of knowledge. Such ‘personalized,’ lived teaching is the only way in which virtue (as opposed to ethics) may be effectively taught. Francis followed the same model of paideia as Gandhi, bringing together the physical discipline of radical asceticism with the aesthetic experience of a dramatic life in which he played the roles of troubadour and fool.
Pre-slaughter stress affects cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in the blood of animals
Authors: Grabovskyi Stepan , Grabovska Oleksandra , Havryliak Viktoriia , Kalachniuk Liliia , Velyka Alla
Published: November 2019

An increase in the cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration in blood is observed in various diseases, and especially under stress conditions, which explains why they are referred to as stress hormones. The paper presents the results of measuring the cortisol level in the blood of laboratory animals (rats), of the ACTH level in the blood of bulls, and the cortisol and ACTH level in the blood of the boars under the pre-slaughter stress of these animals. Depending on the priority of animal removal from the cage, the cortisol level increased by nearly 1.5 times (Р < 0.01) in rats and by nearly five times (Р < 0.05) in animals that were removed from each cage last. The ACTH concentration in the blood plasma of bulls before setting a study (preparatory period) was 1.3 times lower (P ≤ 0.01) compared with its content in the blood plasma of the bulls immediately before their transportation to a slaughterhouse. The changes in the cortisol and ACTH content in the blood plasma of the boars were similar. The results of our studies could be of interest in correcting hormonal adaptation to negative consequences of stress effect during the pre-slaughter period in animals used for industrial production of meat.
The effect of freezing and drying Cornus mas L. from phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and total content of ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity in two methods
Authors: Piryaei Marzieh , Babashpour Asl Marzieh , Abolghasemi Mir Mahdi
Published: November 2019

Flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capability, total content of phenolic and ascorbic acid of Cornus mas of frozen and dried for polar and non-polar subfraction were evaluated in this work. Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by three testing systems, namely, DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid, and reducing power assay. In the DPPH system, the highest radical scavenging activity was seen in the polar subfraction of the methanol extract in frozen fruits (IC50 = 25.15 ± 6.5 µg mL–1). Comparison of two methods of extraction, maceration and the ultrasonic method, showed that the results of maceration are better than those of the ultrasonic method. These advantages are visible in extracting the flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capability, and the total content of phenolic and ascorbic acid.
Levantamento de patologia em uma obra no município de Porto Nacional/TO com utilização de VANT
Authors: Coelho Júnior Márcio Lemos Pinto
Published: November 2019

Levantamento de orçamento no imovel com uso de drone (vant) no local da obra minimizando o tempo e custo do orçamento..Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar o uso de tecnologias em canteiros de obras é um dos desafios para a gestão da construção. O uso de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANT) aplicados a atividades de infraestrutura de transporte e monitoramento de obras, vem despertando a atenção da indústria da construção. Desta maneira essa proposta de pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a estrutura do Ginásio de Esportes Ciano Aires, localizado no município de Porto Nacional, utilizando VANT para identificar possíveis patologias. Os objetivo específicos são: pesquisar as principais incidências dos problemas patológicos na estrutura do Ginásio de Esportes; avaliar o processo de inspeção da segurança em uma obra edificada, com auxílio do VANT; identificar os fatores positivos e negativos para inspeção de segurança na obra escolhida, com o auxílio do VANT. A metodologia irá pautar em um estudo de caso a ser realizado no ginásio de esportes de Porto Nacional. O período de realização da pesquisa será compreendido entre os meses de agosto a novembro de 2019.
Relación del mindfulness, inteligencia emocional y síndrome de burnout en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje: una revisión sistemática
Authors: González-Valero G. , Puertas-Molero P. , Ramírez-Granizo I. , Sánchez-Zafra M. , Ubago-Jiménez JL.
Published: November 2019

La inteligencia emocional es importante en la forma en que las emociones son adquiridas, procesadas y reguladas. Uno de los posibles riesgos psicosociales es el síndrome de Burnout, entendiéndose como el cansancio emocional. El mindfulness, es una práctica que nos hace tomar la conciencia de los sucesos internos que sentimos, donde se adopta una actitud de aceptación propia. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática que aborden las relaciones entre la inteligencia emocional y el síndrome de Burnout, a través de la práctica de Mindfulness. La búsqueda se realizó en la Web of Science, que tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvo una muestra de 22 artículos entre los años 2000-2017. Como principales conclusiones se expone la estrecha relación entre aspectos psicosociales y emocionales, pues los procesos estresantes difieren con la inteligencia emocional, hecho que se controla con el Mindfulness.

Emotional intelligence is important in the way emotions are acquired, processed, and regulated. One of the possible psychosocial risks is Burnout syndrome, understood as emotional fatigue. The mindfulness, is a practice that makes us aware of internal events that we feel, where it adopts an attitude of self-acceptance. The aim of this work is to carry out a systematic review that addresses the relationships between emotional intelligence and Burnout syndrome, through the practice of Mindfulness... The search was carried out in the Web of Science, which after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained a sample of 22 articles between the years 2000-2017. The main conclusions are the close relationship between psychosocial and emotional aspects, since stressful processes differ with emotional intelligence, a fact that is controlled with Mindfulness.
MINERAL CONTENTS IN PORK AND EDIBLE OFFAL FROM INDIGENOUS PIGS
Authors: Tomović Vladimir , Šojić Branislav , Jokanović Marija , Škaljac Snežana , Ivić Maja , Tomović Mila , Tomašević Igor , Stajić Slaviša , Martinović Aleksandra
Published: November 2019

Meat is one of the most nutritious foods that humans can consume, and is defined as the flesh (skeletal muscles) of animals used as food. In addition to protein and fat, meat is a significant source of several micronutrients (minerals and vitamins). Edible offal is also a form of meat which is used as food, but which is not skeletal muscles, and in general possesses higher contents of some micronutrients, especially minerals and vitamins, than muscular tissue. Minerals are the inorganic elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, which remain behind in the ash when food is incinerated. They are usually divided into two groups – macrominerals (main elements) and microminerals (trace elements) or into three groups – main elements (macrominerals), trace elements (microminerals) and ultra-trace elements. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing literature on the content of nine most abundant minerals (potassium, phosphorous, sodium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese) in the major raw pork meat cuts (tenderloin, ham, loin and shoulder) and edible offal (tongue, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidney, brain and spinal cord) from indigenous pigs. The mineral levels in raw pork meat and pig edible offal are variable, ranging from 175.7 to 463.8 mg/100g for potassium; 159 to 502.0 mg/100g for phosphorous; 38.11 to 158.4 mg/100g for sodium; 8.3 to 28.5 mg/100g for magnesium; 4.61 to 26.02 mg/100g for calcium; 0.67 to 6.47 mg/100g for zinc; 0.55 to 45.59 mg/100g for iron; 0.10 to 0.825 mg/100g for copper; and from 0.0038 to 0.338 mg/100g for manganese.
The mother’s risk of premature death after child loss across two centuries
Authors: Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A , Lu Donghao , Lund Sigrún H , Fall Katja , Fang Fang , Kristjánsson Þórður , Guðbjartsson Daníel , Helgason Agnar , Stefánsson Kári
Published: November 2019

While the rare occurrence of child loss is accompanied by reduced life expectancy of parents in contemporary affluent populations, its impact in developing societies with high child mortality rates is unclear. We identified all parents in Iceland born 1800–1996 and compared the mortality rates of 47,711 parents who lost a child to those of their siblings (N = 126,342) who did not. The proportion of parents who experienced child loss decreased from 61.1% of those born 1800–1880 to 5.2% of those born after 1930. Child loss was consistently associated with increased rate of maternal, but not paternal, death before the age of 50 across all parent birth cohorts; the relative increase in maternal mortality rate ranged from 35% among mothers born 1800–1930 to 64% among mothers born after 1930. The loss of a child poses a threat to the survival of young mothers, even during periods of high infant mortality rates.
Interspecies interactions induce exploratory motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Limoli Dominique H , Warren Elizabeth A , Yarrington Kaitlin D , Donegan Niles P , Cheung Ambrose L , O'Toole George A
Published: November 2019

Microbes often live in multispecies communities where interactions among community members impact both the individual constituents and the surrounding environment. Here, we developed a system to visualize interspecies behaviors at initial encounters. By imaging two prevalent pathogens known to be coisolated from chronic illnesses, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, we observed P. aeruginosa can modify surface motility in response to secreted factors from S. aureus. Upon sensing S. aureus, P. aeruginosa transitioned from collective to single-cell motility with an associated increase in speed and directedness – a behavior we refer to as ‘exploratory motility’. Explorer cells moved preferentially towards S. aureus and invaded S. aureus colonies through the action of the type IV pili. These studies reveal previously undescribed motility behaviors and lend insight into how P. aeruginosa senses and responds to other species. Identifying strategies to harness these interactions may open avenues for new antimicrobial strategies.
Insights into the evolution of social systems and species from baboon studies
Authors: Fischer Julia , Higham James P , Alberts Susan C , Barrett Louise , Beehner Jacinta C , Bergman Thore J , Carter Alecia J , Collins Anthony , Elton Sarah , Fagot Joël , Ferreira da Silva Maria Joana , Hammerschmidt Kurt , Henzi Peter , Jolly Clifford J , Knauf Sascha , Kopp Gisela H , Rogers Jeffrey , Roos Christian , Ross Caroline , Seyfarth Robert M , Silk Joan , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Staedele Veronika , Swedell Larissa , Wilson Michael L , Zinner Dietmar
Published: November 2019

Baboons, members of the genus Papio, comprise six closely related species distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa and southwest Arabia. The species exhibit more ecological flexibility and a wider range of social systems than many other primates. This article summarizes our current knowledge of the natural history of baboons and highlights directions for future research. We suggest that baboons can serve as a valuable model for complex evolutionary processes, such as speciation and hybridization. The evolution of baboons has been heavily shaped by climatic changes and population expansion and fragmentation in the African savanna environment, similar to the processes that acted during human evolution. With accumulating long-term data, and new data from previously understudied species, baboons are ideally suited for investigating the links between sociality, health, longevity and reproductive success. To achieve these aims, we propose a closer integration of studies at the proximate level, including functional genomics, with behavioral and ecological studies.
Rethinking the lake trophic state index
Authors: Nojavan A. Farnaz , Kreakie Betty J. , Hollister Jeffrey W. , Qian Song S.
Published: November 2019

Lake trophic state classifications provide information about the condition of lentic ecosystems and are indicative of both ecosystem services (e.g., clean water, recreational opportunities, and aesthetics) and disservices (e.g., cyanobacteria blooms). The current classification schemes have been criticized for developing indices that are single-variable based (vs. a complex aggregate of multi-variables), discrete (vs. a continuous), and/or deterministic (vs. an inherently random). We present an updated lake trophic classification model using a Bayesian multilevel ordered categorical regression. The model consists of a proportional odds logistic regression (POLR) that models ordered, categorical, lake trophic state using Secchi disk depth, elevation, nitrogen concentration (N), and phosphorus concentration (P). The overall accuracy, when compared to existing classifications of trophic state index (TSI), for the POLR model was 0.68 and the balanced accuracy ranged between 0.72 and 0.93. This work delivers an index that is multi-variable based, continuous, and classifies lakes in probabilistic terms. While our model addresses aforementioned limitations of the current approach to lake trophic classification, the addition of uncertainty quantification is important, because the trophic state response to predictors varies among lakes. Our model successfully addresses concerns with the current approach and performs well across trophic states in a large spatial extent.
Characterization of aminopeptidase encoding gene anp-1 and its association with development in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Su Shanchun , Pan Baoliang , Hu Yanxin , Wang Ming
Published: November 2019

Background

Aminopeptidases play important roles in various biological processes in nematodes including growth, development and reproduction. Although the aminopeptidases have been shown to regulate reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), the role of aminopeptidases in development and aging has not been reported. This study focused on the function of aminopeptidase AlaNyl aminopeptidase 1 (ANP-1) on development in C. elegans.

Methods

In the present study, we reported the identification of ANP-1 in C. elegans along with sequence analysis and its functional expression and characterization. The phenotype changes were observed when anp-1 mutated. Then, differential expression genes (DEGs) between wild type strain (N2) and anp-1 deletion strain (RB804) were identified using transcriptome sequencing method. Finally, DEGs were verified by qRT-PCR assay.

Results

Our observations suggested that anp-1 mutation induced small body size in the L4/young adult stage of C. elegans, however, there was no difference between N2 and RB804 in adult stage. Moreover, deletion of anp-1 resulted in shortening lifespan and laying fewer eggs. DEGs (184 genes) were observed between N2 groups and RB804 groups by transcriptome sequencing. According to GO annotations and KEGG enrichment analysis, these DEGs play vital roles in development regulation in C. elegans. These data demonstrate ANP-1 participates in development and aging of C. elegans and will considerably contribute to the existing knowledge of aminopeptidase function in C. elegans.
Design and Construction of Thermal Control Solar Heated Poultry House
Authors: Tehinse T. O. , Falayi F. R. , Aduewa T. O.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Chickens in extensive and semi-intensive poultry production systems account for more than 75% of all poultry in the Southern Nigeria.

Aims: To design, construct and test a thermal control solar heated poultry house.

Methodology: Thermally controlled solar heated poultry house was designed and constructed in the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Research Farm, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The poultry house consists of seven sections/rooms of which five rooms were regulated into five different temperature levels while one of the last two serve as control experiment section and the other serve as the observation section. The poultry house was tested and evaluated using developed and calibrated data logger to determine the environmental condition in the thermally controlled animal house with respect to the ambient conditions. The results obtained from the pre-stock test were analyzed graphically using Microsoft excel software version 2016

Results: The dry bulb temperature in the poultry house is 28.91±0.02ºC, 31.75±0.14ºC, 34.93 ±0.06ºC, 37.92±0.07ºC, 40.95±0.06ºC and 26.47±1.72ºC for sections with preconditioned temperature of 29ºC, 32ºC, 35ºC, 38ºC 41ºC and control respectively, dry bulb temperature in the poultry house is 20.39±0.32ºC, 21.64±0.1ºC, 19.13±0.2ºC, 17.57±0.27ºC, 16.26±0.27ºC and 24.77 ±0.1ºC for sections with preconditioned temperature of 29ºC, 32ºC, 35ºC, 38ºC 41ºC and control respectively, the relative humidity in the poultry house is 44.69±2.37%, 41.9±1.21%, 38.43±0.38%, 33.8.

Conclusion: There was little or no temperature stability in the non-thermally controlled section of the poultry house, the temperature of the thermally controlled section of the poultry house was found in a close range with low deviation from the preset temperature in the sections.
Development of a Scale to Measure the Attitude of Farmers towards Crop Insurance Scheme
Authors: Jamanal S. K. , Natikar K. V. , Halakatti S. V.
Published: November 2019

A scale was developed to measure the "attitude of farmers towards Crop Insurance Scheme". Based on the review of literature and discussion with the expert's, 48 statements were enlisted. The Likert's summated rating scale was followed in the construction of scale. The list of 48 statements were sent to a panel of 250 experts with the request, to critically evaluate each statement for its relevancy to measure the attitude of farmers towards Crop Insurance Scheme. Out of 250 experts selected for the scale construction, 74 experts responded in time and at the earliest. Based on their judgment an aggregate of 30 statements was selected by finding the Relevancy Weightage (RW). Accordingly, statements having relevancy percentage >75, relevancy weightage >0.75 and mean relevancy score >3.00 were considered for the item analysis. In item analysis, the selected 30 statements were administered on 40 farmers in the non-sample area. Finally, a total of 24 statements were selected for the study, based on the ‘t’ values (> 1.75) resulted from the item analysis and were included in the final scale. The ‘r’ value of the scale was found to be 0.81, which was significant at one per cent level indicating the high reliability. Hence, the scale developed was found to reliable and valid. Thus, the instrument developed to measure the attitude of farmers towards Crop Insurance Scheme is useful in the similar studies.
An Economic Analysis of Share and Importance of Livestock in Household Economy of the Farmers
Authors: . Yasmeen , S. Patil Suresh , T. Joshi Amrutha , Hiremath G. M. , Koppalkar B. G. , Ram Jagjiwan
Published: November 2019

Livestock production is the backbone of Indian agriculture and source of employment in rural areas since centuries, in which the entire system of rural economy has revolved around it. Livestock was revealed with multi-faceted contribution to socio-economic development of rural masses. Due to the inelastic absorptive capacity for labour in other economic sectors, livestock sector has greater scope for generating more employment opportunities, especially for the marginal and small farmers and landless labourers who own around 70 per cent of the country’s livestock. The study was conducted to know the role of livestock in farmer’s economy in North-eastern Karnataka (NEK) region of Karnataka state. In the study area milch buffaloes were reared by the farmers as they preferred buffalo milk for home consumption than cow milk. Further, it was easier to maintain buffaloes than cross-bred milch cow. All the farmers used paddy crop as dry fodder since they produced it, but landless labourers purchased the same. For each litre of milk produced the marketed surplus was 88 and 90 per cent for crossbred and local cow milk followed by 84 and 80 per cent for crossbred and local buffalo milk. The total income from dairy enterprise was earned by large and small farmers with relatively higher than landless labourers and marginal farmers, which was due to the large and small farmers had maintained more number of crossbred cows than landless labourers and marginal farmers.
Evaluation of Alkaloids and their Pharmacological Activity from Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk) Decne
Authors: Dhayal Kalpna , Kumar Dileep
Published: November 2019

Leptadenia pyrotechnica is fibre yielding plant and member of Asclepiadaceae family. Commonly all parts of Leptadenia pyrotechnica are used in folk medicines by local people. The present study gives qualitative estimation of alkaloids and its pharmacological properties. The qualitative and analysis of alkaloids carried out by using GCMS and spectral studies. Antimicrobial properties evaluate by well diffusion method. Fifty compounds found in GCMS analysis of shoots of Leptadenia pyrotechnica á,á Carotene, 6',7'-didehydro-5,6-epoxy-5,5', 6,6',7,8hexahydro3,3', 5'trihydroxy8oxo (3.56%) found to be maximum area observed at the retention time of 28.15. Shoots and roots both showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against selected microbial agents. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed in roots (15 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus and in fungal strains shoot showed (17 mm) zone of inhibition against Penicillium funiculosum. The findings of this study illustrate that Leptadenia pyrotechnica have remedial capability.
Effect of Sulphur on the Yield and Quality of Potato Varieties in Tista Meander Floodplain Soil of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M. Waliur , Islam Saiful , Islam M. Monirul , Hossain M. Sazzad
Published: November 2019

A field experiment was carried out at Breeder seed Production Centre (BSPC), Debiganj, Panchagarh during the Rabi season of 2016-2017 to study the effect of five levels of sulphur application on yield and quality attributes of three potato varieties. The main objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of sulphur on the yield and quality of potato varieties. There were five treatments comprising different levels of sulphur such as T1 (control-no sulphur), T2 (75% RDS), T3 (100% RDS), T4 (125% RDS) and T5 (150% RDS). Three BARI released potato variety; BARI Alu 36 (4.26 R), BARI Alu 40 (4.45W) and BARI Alu 25 (Asterix) were used in this experiment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The tuber yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by the application of sulphur. Maximum tuber yield (39.28 t/ha) was recorded in BARI Alu 40 (4.45 w). Highest dry matter content, specific gravity and starch content were found in BARI Alu 40 (4.45 w), which was followed by BARI Alu 36 (4.26 R) in case of specific gravity and starch content. Sulphur application in potato varieties showed significant influence on tuber yield of potato. This parameter increased with increasing dose of sulphur up to 100% RDS. Thereafter, further increase in sulphur did not showed any remarkable influence. Besides, sulphur application in potato varieties showed significant influence on tuber quality of potato. The maximum dry matter yield and starch yield were recorded in the treatment T3, which was followed by all other  treatments except T1. The minimum dry matter yield and starch yield were recorded in the treatment T1. Combined effect showed insignificant influences between varieties and sulphur levels. BARI Alu 40 (4.45 w) was found superior over other varieties in terms of yield and quality attributes. Treatment T3 (100% RDS) was found superior over other treatments in terms of yield.
Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention on Hope and Depressive Mood State of the Elderly Cognitive Rehabilitation in Elderly
Authors: Namdari Somayeh , Nasiri Ahmad , Nejati Vahid , Taheri Fatemeh , Tolooee Fada
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive rehabilitation intervention on hope and depressive mood state of the elderly.

Methods: In this field trial, 70 retired elderly people were recruited via convenience sampling method and were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups (n=35 per group). The intervention group participated in 12 one-hour sessions of cognitive rehabilitation program, whereas the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using a demographics form, Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage, 1983), and Snyder et al.’s Hope Scale (1991).

Results: The mean depression score after intervention was significantly less in the intervention group than in the control group (P=0.004, t= 3.02). The mean hope score after intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p <0.001, t= 4.38).

Conclusion: Cognitive rehabilitation program can be a useful instrument for healthcare specialists to yield promising results. It can improve both the depressive mood and hope status in the elderly.
Qualidade de vida do idoso em tratamento oncológico
Authors: Braga Dayse Aparecida De Oliveira , Vasconcelos Leandro Lima de , Paiva Carlos Eduardo Quirino , Silva Prado Regilane Matos da , Torres Barros Karla Bruna Nogueira
Published: November 2019

O câncer é uma doença de alta prevalência global com elevada taxa de mortalidade a partir dos trinta anos de idade, em especial, na população geriátrica.  Os principais objetivos do diagnóstico de câncer e do programa de tratamento é curar ou prolongar a vida consideravelmente, e garantir a melhor qualidade de vida (QV) possível aos sobreviventes do câncer. Garantir boa QV tem sido um dos desafios das políticas públicas na área da gerontologia no mundo e no Brasil. Objetivo: revisar dados da literatura sobre a QV do idoso em tratamento oncológico. Metodologia: o método de pesquisa utilizado foi a revisão integrativa da literatura, que se fundamenta na prática baseada em evidências, utilizando como fonte de levantamento as bases de dados: LILACS, Scielo e MEDLINE/PubMed e os seguintes descritores: qualidade de vida (quality of life), câncer (neoplasms ou cancer), idosos (aged ou elderly) e tratamento (treatment). Foram incluídos artigos com resumos disponíveis que retratam a QV do paciente idoso com câncer e excluídos artigos que não tinha como enfoque principal o paciente idoso. Resultados: fatores como função emocional, social, cognitiva, dificuldades financeiras, assim como fatores relacionados aos efeitos colaterais dos tratamentos, interferem diretamente na qualidade de vida do idoso com câncer. Conclusão: vê-se a necessidade de uma avaliação global do paciente, realizada em conjunto entre as áreas de geriatria, oncologia e equipe multiprofissional, visando a um monitoramento para que o idoso consiga receber e seguir o tratamento sem complicações, possibilitando, assim, uma melhora da qualidade de vida.
Utilização dos serviços odontológicos por crianças de 0 a 9 anos cadastradas em uma unidade de saúde da família de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Lage Karina De Andrade , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Santos Maria Lizzia Moura Ferreira dos , Cabral Maria Beatriz Barreto de Sousa , Vianna Maria Isabel Pereira , Almeida Tatiana Frederico de
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a utilização de serviços odontológicos, idade e motivo da primeira consulta odontológica
em crianças de 0 a 9 anos cadastradas em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Metodologia: realizou-se um estudo descritivo, transversal. Os responsáveis pelas crianças participaram de entrevistas individuais e forneceram informações sobre a idade atual da criança, idade da primeira consulta odontológica, realização de consulta no último ano, tipo de financiamento e motivo da primeira consulta odontológica. As entrevistas foram realizadas durante visitas domiciliares e na respectiva Unidade de
Saúde. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: um total de 151 questionários foram aplicados. Das crianças, 59,6% nunca realizaram nenhum tipo de consulta odontológica e daqueles que já o tinham feito, 62,30% foi no último ano e 83,61% destas realizadas no serviço público. O principal motivo da consulta foi a presença de cárie (36,07%). As crianças do sexo feminino realizaram a primeira consulta odontológica em maior proporção que as do sexo masculino, embora esta tenha ocorrido em uma idade mais tardia. Conclusões: Há necessidade de fomentar a utilização do serviço odontológico de forma precoce, permitindo a implementação de políticas públicas de promoção de saúde de forma a garantir o atendimento às crianças desde o primeiro ano de vida.
Prevalência de casos de tricomoníase em laudos citopatológicos de um laboratório particular da cidade do Crato- Ceará
Authors: Lima Monaiza De Oliveira , Sampaio Mariana Gomes Vidal
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: o presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de mulheres infectadas pelo protozoário Trichomonas vaginali (T.vaginali) em um laboratório particular da cidade do Crato, Ceará. Metodologia: tratou-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo, retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada em um Laboratório particular de Análises Clínicas, localizado na cidade de Crato-CE, cujo grupo de estudo foi todas as mulheres, com idade entre 17 e 87 anos, que realizaram o exame de Papanicolau no período de 2014 a 2016. Resultados: foram quantificados os percentuais de amostras positivas para a tricomoníase e outras patologias correlatas obtendo-se como resultado que entre os anos de 2014 a 2016 foram realizados 28.910 exames citopatológicos, dos quais 2,22 % foram positivos para tricomoníase. Dentre os casos positivos 22,15% apresentaram co-infecção com outros microrganismos,
sendo a Gardnerella vaginalis a principal bactéria encontrada, obtendo um total de 80,99% dos casos, Cândida sp com 11,97% dos casos, Leptothrix com 5,63% e Papilomavírus humano (HPV) com 1,41% dos casos. Observou-se que a faixa etária com maior incidência de tricomoníase é entre 26 a 45 anos, com um percentual de 65,21%, sendo possível notar a alta prevalência de tricomoníase na população feminina. Conclusão: os resultados foram apresentados a Secretaria de Saúde da cidade de Crato – Ceará com o intuito de alertar os profissionais de saúde com relação ao número de casos, incentivando a periodicidade do exame de Papanicolau e outros exames voltados ao diagnóstico dessa patologia, além de uma atenção especial ao tratamento das mulheres já infectadas.