bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Commentary: Unpacking the Links Between Equitable Teaching Practices and Standards for Mathematical Practice: Equity for Whom and Under What Conditions?
Authors: Barajas-López Filiberto , Larnell Gregory V.
Published: June 2019

In their commentary, “Toward a Framework for Research Linking Equitable Teaching with the Standards for Mathematical Practice,” Bartell et al. (2017) provide a stepping-stone into the challenge of clarifying the interface between equity and standards setting in mathematics education by devising a framework that relates the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics to an explicit articulation of equitable teaching practices. In this commentary, we respond to this proposed framework and aim to clarify some key elements. Furthermore, we draw on our own positionings and scholarly interests to critique and bolster the framework by focusing on the tensions related to co-opting the Common Core for equity-oriented purposes, the framework's relationship to neoliberalism, and the role of racialized rhetoric and nondominant family and community knowledge.
Review of Systems for Instructional Improvement: Creating Coherence from the Classroom to the District Office
Authors: Saclarides Evthokia Stephanie , Harbour Kristin E.
Published: June 2019

In Systems for Instructional Improvement: Creating Coherence from the Classroom to the District Office, Paul Cobb, Kara Jackson, Erin Henrick, Thomas M. Smith, and their colleagues showcase a long-term professional development project titled Middle School Mathematics and the Institutional Setting of Teaching (MIST). The MIST Project included an extensive team of researchers who engaged in a Research-Practice Partnership with teachers, instructional leaders, and administrators from four urban school districts for multiple years (two districts for 4 years and two districts for 8 years). The overarching purpose of this project, based on mutual goals of the school districts and the research team, was to “take a broad perspective that spans from the classroom to the district central office” (p. 3) to understand how to most effectively “support teachers’ development of ambitious and equitable instructional practices” (p. 2). More specifically, the MIST team had two types of goals: pragmatic and research. Their pragmatic goal was to assist the four partner school districts with their instructional improvement objectives by engaging in annual cycles of data collection, analysis, and feedback to help district leaders understand the extent to which the district's instructional improvement strategies were being implemented as intended and to make recommendations for revising the improvement strategies. Their research goal was to identify effective improvement strategies that districts can implement to improve mathematics teaching and learning on a large scale.
The past as a means of persuasion: Visual political rhetoric in Finnish dairy product advertising
Authors: Hakoköngäs Eemeli , Sakki Inari
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the role of advertising and visual rhetoric in political persuasion. Analysis of Finnish dairy product video advertisements from 2010–2016 focuses on those that exploit time as the main reference framework. A better understanding of how advertising is used as a tool of political persuasion is sought by exploring the following questions: How are advertisements used in political communication? How is time used as a means of persuasion in advertising? What role do visual rhetoric and social representations have in the process of persuasion? The analysis shows how advertisements objectify work as a tradition and anchor it as a Finnish value. The results show how advertisements employ enthymeme as a major rhetorical tool to assert that the tradition of Finnish employment is under threat but the consumption of Finnish dairy products and favouring a pro-agrarian policy would ensure that the tradition is transmitted to new generations. The contributions of the study are twofold: First, the combination of social representations theory and classic rhetoric provides a theoretical and analytical perspective for the analysis of visual rhetoric in political persuasion. Secondly, by exploring the advertisements as political communication, the study shows how commercials are used to advocate ideological and political projects, such as certain kind of agricultural policy – an angle largely overlooked in the previous research of social and political psychology.
THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF TRADITIONAL LIGHTWEIGHT GYPSUM WITH CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MATERIALS
Authors: PORRAS AMORES CESAR , SANTA CRUZ ASTORQUI JAIME , DEL RIO MERINO MERCEDES , VILLORIA SAEZ PAOLA , VIÑAS ARREBOLA CARMEN
Published: June 2019

The Waste to Resources (W2R) project is designing several new materials using waste generated in building rehabilitation works in order to improve energy efficiency. A catalogue of different building construction materials using CDW is developed focused on gypsum and cement conglomerates. This paper shows part of the results obtained in this project related to the thermal behavior of some of the analyzed gypsum compounds containing: expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), glass waste and a mixture of glass wool fiber and glass-powder. In addition, a reference sample was prepared for comparing the results. All samples were tested with a thermal conductivity analyzer (Model C-Therm Tci™) obtaining the following thermal properties: thermal effusivity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity. Results of reference samples were compared with those obtained by other authors in previous researches where other techniques of measurement were used. In addition, a visual exploration was carried out with a Dino-Lite ™ digital microscope.

Key words: Thermal conductivity, Gypsum, Construction and demolition waste, Recycled material
INCORPORATION OF THE POLYURETHANE PELLET WASTE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE THERMAL INSULATION OF NON-STRUCTURAL CONCRETE BLOCKS
Authors: GONZALEZ DIAZ EDUARDO , JAIZME VEGA ELENA , JUBERA PEREZ JAVIERA , TORRES BETANCORT MANUEL , SANCHEZ FACARDO VICTOR
Published: June 2019

The lapilli is an aggregate commonly used for the manufacturing of commercial concrete blocks in the Canary Islands. These blocks are manly utilized for exterior walls of buildings. However, these blocks have two main weaknesses. The first is associated with the fact that the concrete mixes, containing only lapilli as an aggregate, have a high thermal conductivity and therefore, subsequent blocks do not perform well as insulation. The second important weakness is that the extraction of this lapilli aggregate causes an enormous landscaped deterioration and environment damage. This research presents the results of an experimental study concerning the improvement of the thermal insulation of the Canarian concrete blocks through the incorporation of polyurethane pellets from waste electrical and electronic equipment. Results show that the inclusion of the pellet waste enhances the thermal behaviour of the concrete between 38% and 64%, compared to concretes containing only lapilli as an aggregate. Furthermore, the inclusion of polyurethane pellet waste provides a recovery procedure of this residue. A concrete block prototype was manufactured using polyurethane pellet waste as an example of a possible building material with a minor environmental impact and an obvious economic saving in raw materials.
EVOLUTION OF THE MATERIALS USED IN DOMESTIC HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Authors: MORON FERNANDEZ CARLOS , LOPEZ ASIAIN JUAN , DE LAS NIEVES GONZALEZ MARIA , PAYAN DE TEJADA ALEJANDRO
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, one of the most significant technological challenges is the decreasing dependence of carbon-based fuels and the polluting emissions into the atmosphere. In pursuit of that objective, the Directive 2010/31/UE from the European Commission, provided that all new buildings must be low energy consumption, nearly zero-energy. This Directive is being transposed into national law through the modification of CTE, Technical Building Code and RITE, Regulation of Thermal Installations in Buildings, both are pending to publish along this year 2018.
According to the data from both the European Commission recommendations about net primary energy consumption at kWh/(m2/year) and the Development Ministry communicated in the EECN Congress, celebrated last December 2017, the outer skin, solar protection and ventilation of new buildings going to reach a very high level of efficiency, so energy consumption by domestic hot water will become very important. This change in residential buildings energy consumption profile, requires a detailed study of this system.
This work studies, statistically, the materials more used in domestic hot water distribution systems, thanks to the data from last years gathered by Spanish Professional Associations both new and refurbishment Works. In a first step of this study, it is concluded that the metallic materials use has been reduced considerably, but nowadays these materials are used about in 20% of building works, despite their worst thermal transmission coefficient. We also know that the material more used is Cross-Linked Polyethylene, however, there are important differences over all the Spanish regions.
INFLUENCE OF THE ADDITION OF RUBBER FIBERS FROM END-OF-LIFE TIRES ON PLASTER MORTARS. STUDY OF MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES
Authors: LOZANO DIEZ RAFAEL VICENTE , LOPEZ ZALDIVAR OSCAR , HERRERO DEL CURA SOFIA , MAYOR  LOBO PABLO LUIS , HERNANDEZ OLIVARES FRANCISCO
Published: June 2019

In this paper, results about an experimental study performed on plaster compounds with the incorporation of rubber in the form of fibers from end of life tires are reported and analyzed. Test samples of plaster are prepared adding different volumetric fractions of rubber fibers that had been previously classified into two different sizes. The same consistency is fixed for every compound studied. Physical and mechanical properties are analyzed. Thermal behavior is also studied comparing thermal conductivity values and relating them with the bulk density of the resulting material.
The results show an improvement in the thermal behavior proportional to the reduction of the density and the mechanical properties, as the proportion of rubber increases. It is also observed that there are no significant differences depending on the size of the fibers. These results confirm that the new material obtained is comparable to other materials of lightweight plaster with improved thermal properties and therefore with the same possibilities of use as these materials. The new material could be used for slabs and compression layers in building rehabilitation.

Keywords: Plaster, rubber fibers, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, acoustic insulation.
EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TENSILE AND SHEAR STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR OF POLYOLEFIN FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors: PICAZO IRANZO ALVARO , GARCIA ALBERTI MARCOS , ENFEDAQUE DIAZ ALEJANDRO , GALVEZ RUIZ JAIME
Published: June 2019

In the last decades, certain types of non-metallic fibres have been found suitable for structural concrete elements achieving analogous performance of steel fibres. Among such non-metallic fibres, polyolefin macro-fibres can meet the requirements set in the standards in order to consider their contribution in the structural design. However, EHE-08 consider the constitutive models based on steel fibre reinforced concrete as the reference for other fibres.
Previous experimental campaigns carried out with polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) have evaluated their flexural fracture behaviour, with several amounts of fibre dosages. In addition, their constitutive models have been found. Given that the structural requirements were set based on the results obtained following UNE-EN 14651:2007+A1 that only considers the flexural behaviour, the contributions of the fibres when the structural element is subjected to more complex stress states is a matter that deserves being further studied.
The main objective of this contribution was to assess the performance of PFRC subjected to tensile stresses and shear stresses. This was carried out developing uniaxial tensile tests and push-off tests. In order to do so the remaining halves of PFRC samples already tested following UNE-EN 14651 were used. Two PFRC formulations were studied, one with 6kg/m³ of fibres and another with 7.5kg/m³ of fibres. In both cases 48mm-long fibres were added. These tests were also recorded in order to analyse the damage patterns and the appearance, growing and coalescence of cracks by means of digital image correlations techniques.
Non-standardised test results showed a remarkable PFRC behaviour both under tensile and shear stresses. Such results together with the flexural behaviour previouses found confirmed the suitability of PFRC as a structural material. In addition, the test results widened the knowledge of the mechanical response of PFRC under complex stress states.
Los mejores Editores de Código
Authors: Soler-Adillon Joan
Published: June 2019

Este artículo nos muestra los mejores editores de código.
Las relaciones de las influencias en los procesos de producción informativa y sus efectos en la calidad periodística. Una visión desde Latinoamérica
Authors:   Universidad Europea del Atlántico (España), Odriozola-Chéné Javier , Gutiérrez-Atala Fernando ,   Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (Chile), Domínguez-Panamá Juan José ,   Universidad Veracruzana (Mexico), Pérez-Arozamena Rosa ,   Universidad Europea del Atlántico (España)
Published: June 2019

Este artículo busca determinar cómo los condicionantes de los procesos de producción informativa afectan a la calidad periodística. Para ello, la investigación parte de 120 entrevistas semiestructuradas a periodistas chilenos, ecuatorianos y mexicanos. Los resultados muestran que las rutinas son el elemento determinante en la creación de un periodismo de calidad en el actual ecosistema mediático. Asimismo, se observa el vínculo existente entre los diferentes condicionantes propios de la producción periodística y la praxis profesional. Todo lo anterior desde una perspectiva latinoamericana, a la que se suma la particular de los contextos de los países de procedencia de los periodistas entrevistados.
Del cine digital al cloud computing en el consumo cinematográfico de jóvenes ecuatorianos
Authors:   Universidad de Las Américas (Ecuador), Hernández-Herrera María , Batista Arianni ,   Universitat de Barcelona (España), González Daniel ,   Universidad de Las Américas (Ecuador)
Published: June 2019

Esta investigación se centra en analizar cómo los cambios en la cinematografía, desde el advenimiento del cine digital, han llevado a nuevas formas de recepción y apreciación de las obras de arte por parte de los jóvenes. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología de análisis mixto, con encuestas estructuradas cerradas y entrevistas semiestructuradas con los responsables de las salas de cine en Quito. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes visualizan una cantidad considerable de películas, en su mayoría de origen hollywoodense, solos y en casa. Los jóvenes están más centrados en el entretenimiento que en el valor cultural del cine, y muestran una baja apreciación e identificación con el cine nacional.
Placer estético y repugnancia en Hannibal: identificación dramática, prolongación temporal y puesta en escena
Authors:   Universidad de Navarra (España), García Alberto N.
Published: June 2019

El artículo explora cómo la serie de televisión Hannibal (NBC, 2013-2015) provoca una honda delectación estética, a pesar de presentar numerosos contenidos repulsivos o incómodos. Se analiza cómo la naturaleza serial de la narración televisiva habilita una manera particular de negociar la paradoja de la aversión mediante tres estrategias textuales: un dilatado character engagement, un suspense que exprime las posibilidades estéticas de la prolongación temporal y una bella puesta en escena de motivos visuales y acciones horripilantes. Son estrategias que generan una robusta fascinación en el espectador, lo que permite subvertir las características de lo repugnante.
Construcción de la imagen país Cuba: análisis de la conformación de la identidad nacional desde el spot publicitario
Authors:   Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas (Cuba), Rodríguez-Bazan Grettel , Rodríguez-Ayala Raúl ,   Canal de televisión provincial Telecubanacán (Cuba), Espinosa-Perdomo Lisvel ,   Canal de televisión provincial Telecubanacán (Cuba)
Published: June 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la imagen país Cuba mediante los spots transmitidos por Cubavisión Internacional. Para el desarrollo de las categorías de análisis se aplica el método análisis de contenido. Entre los resultados de la investigación, se determina que los spots publicitarios analizados representan de modo deficiente la imagen país Cuba, a partir de temas y signos publicitarios estereotipados y tópicos poco representativos de la nación. Los signos publicitarios se emplean para referir rasgos de la población cubana y promover el turismo, la hostelería y el consumo de productos nacionales.
Direct Compression and in vitro Release of Chlorpheniramine Maleate from Tablets Containing Fluid Bed Dried and Lyophilized Microcrystalline Cellulose Derived from Cocos nucifera
Authors: Nwachukwu Nkemakolam , Ugoeze Kenneth Chinedu , Okorie Ogbonna , Ofoefule Sabinus Ifeanyi
Published: June 2019

Aims: To investigate the mechanical and in vitro release properties of chlorpheniramine maleate (CM) tablets formulated with fluid bed dried and lyophilized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) derived from the fruit husk of Cocos nucifera (CN).

Study Design: Experimental design.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka from January, 2015 to December, 2016.

Methods: Chips of matured (CN) fruit husk were de-lignified by soda treatment methods to obtain alpha cellulose which was hydrolyzed with mineral acid (Hydrochloric acid) to obtain CN-MCC. A portion of the damp CN-MCC was fluid bed dried at 60°C for 2 h (coded MCCF-Cocos) and the remaining CN-MCC was lyophilized at -45°C for 3 h (coded MCCL-Cocos). The MCC powders were blended with 20, 30 and 40% w/w CM and directly compressed at 9.81 mega Pascal (mPa). The CM tablets containing MCCF-Cocos (coded CM-CF) and MCCL-Cocos (coded CM-CL) were evaluated using standard methods.

Results: Both batches had tablets with minimal weight variation; CM-CL tablets were mechanically stronger (P = .037) and less friable than CM-CF tablets.  CM-CL tablets took a longer time to disintegrate than CM-CF tablets. Comparatively, CM tablets containing AVC-102 (coded CM-AV) were mechanically stronger, less friable and had a longer disintegration time than CM-CL and CM-CF tablets. The dilution potential of CM-AV was greater than CM-CL and CM-CF tablets. CM release was faster in CM-CF. There was more than 80 % release of CM from CM-CF, CM-CL and CM-AV tablets within 30 min. Although CM-CL tablets were mechanically stronger than CM-CF, the data for all batches of the tablets obtained fell within the British Pharmacopoeia set limits for uncoated tablets.

Conclusion: Chlorpheniramine maleate tablets containing fluid bed dried and lyophilized microcrystalline cellulose obtained from C. nucifera had good mechanical and in vitro release properties.
Low‐Cost Self‐Assembled Oxide Separator for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Grundish Nicholas S. , Amos Charles D. , Agrawal Ankit , Khani Hadi , Goodenough John B.
Published: June 2019

Rechargeable battery cells having a liquid electrolyte require a separator permeable to the electrolyte between the two electrodes. Because the electrodes change their volume during charge and discharge, the porous separators are flexible polymers with an electronic energy gap Eg large enough for the Fermi levels of the two electrodes to be within it. In this work, a porous film of self‐assembled SiO2 nanoparticles is developed as the separator for a Li‐ion battery with a liquid electrolyte. This coating does not require the plasticity of a polymer membrane and has the required large Eg. If adsorbed water is removed from the SiO2 surface, the nanoparticles bond to one another and to an oxide cathode to form a plastic self‐assembling porous layer into which the liquid electrolyte can penetrate. The Li‐ion batteries with a LiCoO2 cathode coated with SiO2 as a separator show similar performance to cells with a traditional polypropylene separator and improved cyclability with a reduced volume of liquid electrolyte owing to the electrolyte wetting properties of the SiO2 nanoparticles. The SiO2 nanoparticles are easy to prepare, cheap, and environmentally friendly.
Graphene as a Transparent and Conductive Electrode for Organic Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Chen Yang , Yue Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Shi‐Rong , Zhang Nan , Feng Jing , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: June 2019

Graphene is emerging as one of the most useful electrode materials for various organic optoelectronic devices because of its outstanding properties such as high optical transparency, excellent mechanical flexibility, good electrical conductivity, and environmental stability. Numerous synthesis and transfer techniques used to obtain large‐area and high‐quality graphene materials are demonstrated, aiming at high‐performance graphene‐based organic optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, and field‐effect transistors. The properties, synthesis, and transfer processes of graphene are first introduced. Recent research progress on organic optoelectronic devices with graphene bottom, top, and full electrodes is then reviewed. Finally, graphene composite electrodes integrated with other conductive materials are also summarized. All these advanced works represent important steps in the evolution of graphene electrodes and indicate a bright future for their application in organic optoelectronic devices.
Rational Design of an Ionic Liquid‐Based Electrolyte with High Ionic Conductivity Towards Safe Lithium/Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shengjie , Li Junhao , Jiang Ningyi , Li Xuqiu , Pasupath Sivakumar , Fang Yanxiong , Liu Quanbing , Dang Dai
Published: June 2019

It is a very urgent and important task to improve the safety and high‐temperature performance of lithium/lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, a novel ionic liquid, 1‐(2‐ethoxyethyl)‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (PYR1(2o2)TFSI), was designed and synthesized, and then mixed with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as appropriate solvent and LiTFSI lithium salt to produce an electrolyte with high ionic conductivity for safe LIBs. Various characterizations and tests show that the highly flexible ether group could markedly reduce the viscosity and provide coordination sites for Li‐ion, and the DMC could reduce the viscosity and effectively enhance the Li‐ion transport rate and transference number. The electrolyte exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in Li/LiFeO4 cells at room temperature as well as at a high temperature of 60 °C. More importantly, with the addition of DMC, the IL‐based electrolyte remains nonflammable and appropriate DMC can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. Our present work may provide an attractive and promising strategy for high performance and safety of both lithium and lithium‐ion batteries.
The Nature of Hydrogen Bonds: A Delineation of the Role of Different Energy Components on Hydrogen Bond Strengths and Lengths
Authors: van der Lubbe Stephanie C. C. , Fonseca Guerra Célia
Published: June 2019

Hydrogen bonds are a complex interplay between different energy components, and their nature is still subject of an ongoing debate. In this minireview, we therefore provide an overview of the different perspectives on hydrogen bonding. This will be done by discussing the following individual energy components: 1) electrostatic interactions, 2) charge‐transfer interactions, 3) π‐resonance assistance, 4) steric repulsion, 5) cooperative effects, 6) dispersion interactions and 7) secondary electrostatic interactions. We demonstrate how these energetic factors are essential in a correct description of the hydrogen bond, and discuss several examples of systems whose energetic and geometrical features are not captured by easy‐to‐use predictive models.
Developmental screening and early intervention in a childcare setting for young children at risk for autism and other developmental delays: A feasibility trial
Authors: Gulsrud Amanda , Carr Themba , Williams Justin , Panganiban Jonathan , Jones Felica , Kimbrough Jackie , Shih Wendy , Kasari Connie
Published: June 2019

Efforts to decrease disparity in diagnosis and treatment for under‐resourced children with developmental delays, such as autism spectrum disorder, have led to increased interest in developing programs in community settings. One potential setting that has already demonstrated feasibility in conducting universal screening is the childcare setting. The current study conducted developmental screening in a total of 116 children ages 16–80 months of age in an urban low‐income community childcare center. Parents of 20 children who screened positive were enrolled in the intervention phase of the study, where children received a staff‐delivered targeted early intervention or a waitlist control condition. Given the small and imbalanced sample sizes, confidence intervals from mixed effect models were used to measure changes across time for each group. Of the children who received treatment, there was an average increase in child initiated joint engagement, symbolic play, and language use. This study provides initial feasibility data for the implementation of a screening and early intervention program to service a predominantly low‐resource and ethnically diverse population within the childcare system in a large metropolitan city. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1423–1433. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Identifying and delivering treatment services for young children with developmental delays, such as autism spectrum disorder, may be most successful in community settings, especially for those children from under‐resourced areas. This study found preliminary evidence that the childcare setting is a good place to conduct screening and deliver early interventions for children at risk for autism and other developmental delays.
An Efficient Mesoporous Cu‐Organic Nanorod for Friedländer Synthesis of Quinoline and Click Reactions
Authors: Elavarasan Samaraj , Bhaumik Asim , Sasidharan Manickam
Published: June 2019

Within the green chemistry context, heterogeneous catalysis for the synthesis of N‐heterocycles from renewable resources using non‐precious metals has garnered great interest in terms of economic and environmental perspectives. Herein, we present a triazine functional hierarchical mesoporous organic polymer (HMOP) with nanorod morphology together with large BET surface area ∼1218 m2 g−1, huge pore volume&γτ“;6 mL g−1 and dual micro/mesopore architectures. Subsequent Cu‐coordination with nitrogen atoms of the HMOP provides a robust catalyst (Cu‐HMOP) to accomplish multi‐step cascade reactions for preparation of N‐heterocycles by different routes. For instance, the Cu‐HMOP efficiently catalyzes one‐pot sequential multi‐step oxidative dehydrogenative coupling of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohol with diverse aromatic ketones to afford corresponding quinolines in excellent isolated yields (up to 97 %). Secondly, the present catalyst exhibits good aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation activity of amines to imines. Thirdly, for “click” reaction involving azides‐alkynes, the Cu‐HMOP produced quantitative yield for 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives at room temperature using water as solvent. Verification of active metal leaching by a hot filtration test as well as reusability of the retrieved Cu‐HMOP catalysts shows a consistent activity in the multi‐component quinoline synthesis as model reaction.
Solid‐State Lithium Batteries: Bipolar Design, Fabrication, and Electrochemistry
Authors: Jung Kyu‐Nam , Shin Hyun‐Seop , Park Min‐Sik , Lee Jong‐Won
Published: June 2019

There are increasing demands for large‐scale energy storage technologies for efficient utilization of clean and sustainable energy sources. Solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs) based on non‐ or less‐flammable solid electrolytes (SEs) are attracting great attention, owing to their enhanced safety in comparison to conventional Li‐ion batteries. Moreover, SSLBs can provide great benefits in terms of battery performance (power and energy densities) and cost when constructed using a bipolar design. In this review, we introduce the general aspects of the bipolar battery architecture and provide a brief overview of the essential components and technologies for bipolar SSLBs: Li+‐conducting SEs, composite electrodes, and bipolar plates. Furthermore, we review the recent progress in the design and construction of bipolar SSLBs with emphasis on the fabrication techniques of SEs and SSLBs and the engineering approaches to improve their electrochemical properties.
LNMO‐Graphite Cells Performance Enhancement by the Use of Acid Scavenging Separators
Authors: Shilina Yuliya , Maddukuri Satyanarayana , Banerjee Anjan , Ziv Baruch , Luski Shalom , Aurbach Doron , Halalay Ion C.
Published: June 2019

The performance of cells with high‐voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 positive electrodes and graphite negative electrodes is affected most adversely by the decomposition of LiPF6‐based electrolyte solutions components and the dissolution of transition metal (TM) ions. Novel approaches to overcome the severe degradation of performance are crucial for the successful design and commercialization of LNMO‐based cells, which are very advantageous due to their high voltage (4.7 V). Acid‐scavenging separators based on poly(divinylbenzene‐4‐vinylpyridine) were tested as a mean for enhancing the stability of LNMO/graphite cells with an additives‐free standard 1 M LiPF6/EC : EMC (3 : 7 v/v) electrolyte solution. Improved cycling performance was demonstrated over reference cells containing commercial polypropylene separators during prolonged cycling at both 30 and 45 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction were used to gain insights into the reasons for the cells performance improvement that is reported herein.
Starting Small: How Icewine Diffused in the Mature Canadian Wine Field
Authors: Ierfino‐Blachford Laura
Published: June 2019

How do small players' product innovations initially diffuse within a mature organizational field? This paper studies endogenous and exogenous factors that facilitate the spread of a product innovation—icewine—introduced by small players within the Canadian wine field. Using data from 1985 to 2000, I find support for my hypotheses that environmental jolts, theorization of small players' innovations by small players within the media, and innovation recognition by authorities in other more prestigious fields increased the extent to which icewine has been diffused within the field. Specifically, my study sheds light on how small players can initiate change within mature fields with the support of other institutional players.
Testing for midazolam and oxycodone in blood after formalin‐embalmment: About a complex medico‐legal case
Authors: Ameline Alice , Raul Jean‐Sébastien , Kintz Pascal
Published: June 2019

The stability of compounds in formalin solution is an important factor for drug analysis in a toxicological investigation. In this article, the authors report a complex medico‐legal case involving midazolam and oxycodone. The complexity of this case comes from the fact that the body was embalmed with formalin solution before the autopsy. This technique, called thanatopraxy, allows the preservation of corpses from decomposition, the destruction of a maximal number of micro‐organisms, and the presentation of the body with a natural appearance to the family. Unfortunately, when thanatopraxy is performed before the collection of biological specimens, the toxicological results are not representative of the time of the death. In addition, the interpretation of the results is difficult, because formalin can cause oxidation of xenobiotics present in the body at the time of the death, alter the pH of the tissues and dilute the compounds. To document the chemical stability of midazolam and oxycodone in formalin solution and interpret the results, a stability study was conducted for 21 days. Blood containing midazolam and oxycodone was spiked with formalin, kept at 4°C and regularly tested for both drugs. This study showed a rapid degradation of midazolam and oxycodone (85% during the first 24 hours for oxycodone). In the peripheral blood of the victim, methanol (1.31 g/L), midazolam (74ng/mL) and oxycodone (152 ng/mL) were identified. According to the stability study, the measured concentrations in formalin fixed‐tissues are to be interpreted very carefully, knowing that significant degradation has occurred.
Estimating carbon fixation of plant organs for afforestation monitoring using a process‐based ecosystem model and ecophysiological parameter optimization
Authors: Miyauchi Tatsuya , Machimura Takashi , Saito Makoto
Published: June 2019

Afforestation projects for mitigating CO2emissions require to monitor the carbon fixation and plant growth as key indicators. We proposed a monitoring method for predicting carbon fixation in afforestation projects, combining a process‐based ecosystem model and field data and addressed the uncertainty of predicted carbon fixation and ecophysiological characteristics with plant growth. Carbon pools were simulated using the Biome‐BGC model tuned by parameter optimization using measured carbon density of biomass pools on an 11‐year‐oldEucommia ulmoidesplantation on Loess Plateau, China. The allocation parameters fine root carbon to leaf carbon (FRC:LC) and stem carbon to leaf carbon (SC:LC), along with specific leaf area (SLA) and maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax) strongly affected aboveground woody (AC) and leaf carbon (LC) density in sensitivity analysis and were selected as adjusting parameters. We assessed the uncertainty of carbon fixation and plant growth predictions by modeling three growth phases with corresponding parameters: (i) before afforestation using default parameters, (ii) early monitoring using parameters optimized with data from years 1 to 5, and (iii) updated monitoring at year 11 using parameters optimized with 11‐year data. The predicted carbon fixation and optimized parameters differed in the three phases. Overall, 30‐year average carbon fixation rate in plantation (AC, LC, belowground woody parts and soil pools) was ranged 0.14–0.35 kg‐C m−2 y−1in simulations using parameters of phases (i)–(iii). Updating parameters by periodic field surveys reduced the uncertainty and revealed changes in ecophysiological characteristics with plant growth. This monitoring method should support management of afforestation projects by carbon fixation estimation adapting to observation gap, noncommon species and variable growing conditions such as climate change, land use change.
Cross‐Validation andU‐Statistics
Authors: Haberman Shelby J.
Published: June 2019

Cross‐validation is a common statistical procedure applied to problems that are otherwise computationally intractable. It is often employed to assess the effectiveness of prediction procedures. In this report, cross‐validation is discussed in terms ofU‐statistics. This approach permits consideration of the statistical properties of cross‐validation as an approach to assessment of prediction accuracy.
A pseudospectral approach applicable for time integration of linearized N‐S operator that removes pole singularity and physically spurious eigenmodes
Authors: Nayak Avinash , Das Debopam
Published: June 2019

This paper addresses a modified singularity removal technique for the eigenvalue or optimal mode problems in pipe flow using a pseudospectral method. The current approach results in the linear stability operator to be devoid of any unstable physically spurious modes, and thus, it provides higher numerical stability during time‐based integration. The correctness of the numerical operator is established by calculating the known eigenvalues of pipe Poiseuille flow. Subsequently, the optimal modes are determined with Farrell's approach and compared with the existing literature. The usefulness of this approach is further demonstrated in the time‐based numerical integration of the linearized Navier‐Stokes operator for the adjoint method–based optimal mode determination. The numerical scheme is implemented with the radial velocity‐radial vorticity formulation. Even number of Chebyshev‐Lobatto grid points are distributed over the domain r∈[−1,1] omitting the centerline, which also efficiently provides higher resolution near the wall boundary. The boundary conditions are imposed with homogeneous wall boundary conditions, whereas the analytic nature of a proper set of base functions enforces correct centerline conditions. The resulting redundancy introduced in the process is eliminated with the proper usage of parity.
Simultaneous tracheal and esophageal reconstruction for thyroid cancer involving trachea and esophagus using a free bipaddled posterior tibial artery perforator flap
Authors: Liu Jun , Ren Jianjun , Lv Dan , Wang Ji , Deng Di , Li Linke , Wang Haiyang , Chen Fei
Published: June 2019

Background

Simultaneous tracheal and esophageal reconstruction after tumor resection is a great challenge. Here we present an innovative operative technique to simultaneously reconstruct tracheal and esophageal defects, in which a free posterior tibial artery perforator flap was made into a free bipaddled flap to cover both tracheal and esophageal defects.

Methods

A free bipaddled posterior tibial artery perforator flap was utilized to conduct simultaneous tracheal and esophageal reconstruction for a 72‐year‐old female patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma and massive trachea and esophagus invasion, who underwent radical resection.

Results

Satisfactory breathing and swallowing functions were gained independent of nasal feeding and tracheotomy. Voice was still hoarse due to tumor invasion of left recurrent laryngeal nerve. During a period of 2‐year follow‐up, no sign of tumor recurrence was observed.

Conclusion

A free bipaddled posterior tibial artery perforator flap could be a decent choice for simultaneous reconstruction of large tracheal and esophageal defects.
Impairing temozolomide resistance driven by glioma stem‐like cells with adjuvant immunotherapy targeting O‐acetyl GD2 ganglioside
Authors: Fleurence Julien , Bahri Meriem , Fougeray Sophie , Faraj Sébastien , Vermeulen Sarah , Pinault Emilie , Geraldo Fanny , Oliver Lisa , Véziers Joëlle , Marquet Pierre , Rabé Marion , Gratas Catherine , Vallette François , Pecqueur Claire , Paris François , Birklé Stéphane
Published: June 2019

Stem cell chemoresistance remains challenging the efficacy of the front‐line temozolomide against glioblastoma. Novel therapies are urgently needed to fight those cells in order to control tumor relapse. Here, we report that anti‐O‐acetyl‐GD2 adjuvant immunotherapy controls glioma stem‐like cell‐driven chemoresistance. Using patient‐derived glioblastoma cells, we found that glioma stem‐like cells overexpressed O‐acetyl‐GD2. As a result, monoclonal antibody 8B6 immunotherapy significantly increased temozolomide genotoxicity and tumor cell death in vitro by enhancing temozolomide tumor uptake. Furthermore, the combination therapy decreased the expression of the glioma stem‐like cell markers CD133 and Nestin and compromised glioma stem‐like cell self‐renewal capabilities. When tested in vivo, adjuvant 8B6 immunotherapy prevented the extension of the temozolomide‐resistant glioma stem‐like cell pool within the tumor bulk in vivo and was more effective than the single agent therapies. This is the first report demonstrating that anti‐O‐acetyl‐GD2 monoclonal antibody 8B6 targets glioblastoma in a manner that control temozolomide‐resistance driven by glioma stem‐like cells. Together our results offer a proof of concept for using anti‐O‐acetyl GD2 reagents in glioblastoma to develop more efficient combination therapies for malignant gliomas.
NMI promotes cell proliferation through TGFβ/Smad pathway by upregulating STAT1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ji Dongjian , Feng Yifei , Peng Wen , Li Jie , Gu Qi’ou , Zhang Zhiyuan , Qian Wenwei , Wang Qingyuan , Zhang Yue , Sun Yueming
Published: June 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a fatal health problem around the world. The underlying mechanisms of CRC have not been fully elucidated. N‐myc interactor (NMI) acts as an oncogene or a tumor‐suppressor gene in several kinds of cancers but CRC. Here, the expression of NMI was found higher in CRC tissues and cells. Higher expression of NMI indicated the poorer prognosis of CRC patients. Moreover, the proliferation of CRC cells was suppressed significantly after we silenced the expression of NMI, while overexpression of NMI promoted CRC cell proliferation. Flow cytometry demonstrated that NMI promoted cell proliferation through facilitating cell transition from the G1 phase to the S phase. Furthermore, it was found that NMI suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad3 by upregulating the expression of STAT1. The effect of NMI depletion on cell proliferation could be reversed by using Smad3 inhibitor SIS3. In summary, our findings demonstrated that NMI promoted cell proliferation via TGFβ/Smad pathway and could indicate the prognosis of patients with CRC.
Regulation of skeletal myogenesis by microRNAs
Authors: Xu Meng , Chen Xiaoling , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Li Mingzhou , He Jun , Huang Zhiqing
Published: June 2019

Skeletal muscle development is a highly organized process controlled by evolutionarily conserved networks of transcription factors, transferrable signaling molecules, and noncoding RNAs that coordinate the expression of large numbers of genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as prominent players of multiple biological processes by silence of specific mRNAs or by suppression of protein translation. It has become to be clear cumulatively that miRNAs control of expression of gene targets are particularly important during skeletal myogenesis. Signaling pathways, especially IGF/AKT/mTOR pathway and TGF‐β signaling, have also determined to act as critical regulators in the regulation of myogenic program. In the last decades, growing evidence has seen a rapid expansion of our knowledge of miRNA‐mediated control of expression of target genes and signaling pathways, in which miRNAs coordinately regulate myogenic process through their targets or through signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the current findings of miRNAs and signaling pathways in the regulation of skeletal myogenesis, focusing on miRNAs’ target genes and IGF/AKT/mTOR pathway and TGF‐β signaling.
Leukotriene-B4 modulates macrophage metabolism and fat loss in type 1 diabetic mice
Authors: Ramalho Theresa , Ramalingam Latha , Filgueiras Luciano , Festuccia William , Jancar Sonia , Moustaid-Moussa Naima
Published: June 2019

Serum levels of leukotriene-B4 (LTB4) are increased in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and it mediates systemic inflammation and macrophage reprogramming associated with this condition. Herein, we investigated the involvement of LTB4 in adiposity loss, hyperlipidemia, and changes in macrophage metabolism in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced T1D. LTB4 receptor (BLT1) antagonist u75302 was employed to block LTB4 effects. As expected, hypoinsulinemia in T1D was associated with hyperglycemia, low levels of glucagon, hyperlipidemia, significant body fat loss, and increased white adipose tissue expression of Fgf21, a marker for lipolysis. With the exception of hyperglycemia and hypoglucagonemia, blockade of LTB4 signaling reverted these parameters in T1D mice. Along with hyperlipidemia, macrophages from T1D mice exhibited higher lipid uptake and accumulation. These cells also had enhanced glycolysis and oxidative metabolism and these parameters were dependent on the mitochondrial uncoupling respiration, as evidenced by elevated expression of oxidation markers carnitine palmitoyltransferase and uncoupling protein 1. Interestingly, all these parameters were at least partially reverted in T1D mice treated with u75302. Altogether, these findings suggest that in T1D mice LTB4/BLT1 is involved in the fat loss, hyperlipidemia, and increased macrophage lipid uptake and metabolism with an important involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling activity. These previously unrecognized LTB4/BLT1 functions may be explored in future to therapeutically alleviate severity of hyperlipidemia and systemic inflammation in T1D.
Molecular epidemiology of group A rotavirus in outpatient diarrhea infants and children in Chongqing, China, 2011‐2015
Authors: Zeng Yuanjun , Li Tingdong , Zhao Biyan , Lai Fangfang , Tang Xiang , Qiao Yingqin , Chen Wanbin , Yu Feng , Zhang Shiyin , Wang Yingbin , Ge Shengxiang , Xu Hongmei , Xia Ningshao
Published: June 2019

Human group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distribution of RVA in the Midwest of China. Sentinel‐based surveillance of acute diarrhea was conducted at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2011 to 2015. RVA was tested by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The partial VP4 genes and VP7 genes of rotavirus were amplified and sequenced, and genotyping and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Among the 2236 stool specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis, 681 (30.46%) were positive for RVA. The majority of children (89.28%) who tested positive for RVA were children aged ≤2 years. The seasonal peak of RVA was in the winter. As for genotype, four strain combinations, G9P[8], G3P[8], G1P[8], and G2P[4] contributed to 75.62% (515/681) of the RVA‐associated diarrhea cases. After a marked increase in G9P[8] (30.77%) in 2013, G9P[8] became the predominant genotype in 2014 and 2015, whilst the prevalence of G1P[8] was decreased to 2.72% in 2015. Unusual G‐P combinations (eg, G1P[4], G9P[4], G4P[6], G3P[4], G2P[8]) were also detected sporadically over the study period. Phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that the VP7 sequences of G9 strains were clustered into two main lineages, and 77.34% of them were clustered into lineage VI, with the highest nucleotide similarity to the strain JS12‐17(China). VP4 gene sequences of P[8] strains were almost P[8]‐lineage 3. Substantial temporal variation in the circulation of various genotypes of rotavirus in Chongqing was observed during 2011‐2015, and highlights the need for continuous surveillance of RVA infection for better understanding and control of RVA infection.