bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today
Authors: Coskun Hülya
Published: October 2024

This research delves into the come-back of the garden-cities in the wake of recent pandemic changed urban dynamics and reshaping cities, particularly Istanbul. At the onset of the 20th century, E. Howard's book on Garden-cities of To-morrow and his idealized garden-city models gained global prominence. The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century’s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like cité-jardins in France and Garten-stadts in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, cité-parc, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard’s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics.
Success of Artificial Insemination in Rural Area Cows
Authors: Tchoffo Herve , Momo Chongsi , Vemo Narcisse , Biamou Nina , Ousmane Djalil , Adamou Mohamadou , Ngoula Ferdinand
Published: October 2024

Biotechnologies of reproduction like artificial insemination were identified as a mean to intensify the local production. Therefore, some factors are still responsible to the failure of their applications in rural area. This survey was conducted from April to June 2023, to evaluate the effects of age, body weight, body condition score (BCS), calving rank, postpartum to artificial insemination interval and feed complementation on the success rate of artificial insemination in females Goudali. Thus, activities took place at two peri-urban livestock farms in the town of Ngaoundéré, in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon where 34 cows were concerned. The selected cows have an average of 8.21±2.41 years old, a body weight of 343±52.28 kg, a body condition score of 3.23±0.55, a calving rank of 2.21±1.22 and a postpartum to insemination interval of 4.39±1.40 months. The induction and synchronization of estrus were carried out based on the PRID-PGF2α-PMSG protocol which allowed to obtain a synchronization rate of 97.06% and the insemination were done 56-57 hours after the previous operation, with an imported semen of Brahman bull. During rectal palpation and early pregnancy diagnosis based on progesterone level measurement, the result shown that, 20 cows out of 33 inseminated were pregnant. The success rate of artificial insemination recorded was 60.6%. Amongst all the studied factors, analysis shown no significant (P> 0.05) effect on the success rate after artificial insemination. Thus, recommendations were made to popularize the use of artificial insemination and early pregnancy diagnosis test as a mean to improve reproductive performances of local farms. However, studies must be done to evaluate the cost of their applications in rural areas.
The Impact of Islamic Extremist Terrorist Attacks on the British Muslim Community
Authors: Atkins Tia
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of Islamophobic hate crimes on the British Muslim community in the aftermath of the 2017 terrorist attacks in the UK (United Kingdom), which were largely linked to Islamic extremism. Using qualitative research methods, the project explores the psychological and social consequences experienced by Muslim communities, focusing on hate crimes and discrimination. Through participant questionnaires, the study identifies key themes such as heightened anxiety, fear of public safety, and altered online behaviours. Respondents reported feelings of paranoia, identity questioning, and social withdrawal, reflecting the emotional and mental toll of Islamophobia. Additionally, the rise in Islamophobic abuse, both in person and online, demonstrates the widespread prejudice faced by Muslims post-terrorist incidents. The research highlights gaps in current counter-terrorism strategies, particularly in addressing the secondary harm inflicted on Muslim communities. Victims often felt neglected by law enforcement, leading to calls for more robust protective measures, such as increased police presence in vulnerable areas and better communication between authorities and Muslim communities. Participants also recommended educational reforms to raise public awareness of Islamophobia and more responsible media coverage to prevent further stigmatization of Muslims. The study emphasizes the importance of policy changes to reduce hate crimes and foster social cohesion.
Botryomycoma of the Nasal Vestibule: A Case Report from the Commune VI Referral Health Center of the District of Bamako/Mali
Authors: Elansari Mohamed , Sangare Mariam , Keita Moussa , Keita Lassana , Dienta Lassine , Ouattara Mamadou , Drame Diaffe , Kone Fatogoma
Published: October 2024

Pyogenic granuloma or botryomycoma or lobular capillary hemangioma is a benign proliferation of capillaries, precisely skin and mucous membranes. This pathology is considered rare in terms of nasal cavities. But cases are increasingly related to literature. Thus, this study concerns a case sitting at the level of the nasal vestibule. He is an adult of 58 years and male sex, who came for consultation in the ENT department at the commune VI reference health center of the district of Bamako / Mali, presenting as a reason for consultation a right nasal obstruction. The interrogation revealed that the start dates back to about eight months and marked by a serous rhinorrhea and an associated homolateral epistaxis of headaches. No predisposing factor and no medico-surgical history has been found. The scanner allowed us to define the contours of the mass and to guide the therapeutic decision. The mass was completely removed surgically into endonasal without incidence. Histological examination of the surgical sample concluded that a lobular capillary hemangioma. The patient was followed for 2 years without recurrence or complications. Because of its rarity in our context, we recommend particular attention to ENT specialists to avoid confusion and allow more studies for more discussions in the literature.
Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Oluwaseun Akingbeoste , Salawu Sule
Published: October 2024

This study examines the sleep-promoting properties of an ethanolic extract derived from Pleurotus squarrosulus in male Wistar rats, particularly in conjunction with the sleep-inducing effects of diazepam. The impetus for this research is driven by the rising global incidence of sleep disorders and the ongoing need for effective, natural adjuncts to current therapeutic strategies. The bioactive compounds identified in Pleurotus squarrosulus may exert mood-modulating effects, which could play a role in its overall therapeutic impact on sleep and well-being. The extract was subjected to analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which revealed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Among these compounds, gallic acid and quercetin exhibited the highest concentrations. Diazepam, a traditional sedative, was administered alone as well as in combination with two different doses of the extract, namely 250mg and 500mg. The results demonstrated a significant increase in sleeping time in both the Diazepam + Sample 250mg and Diazepam + Sample 500mg groups compared to the control group, indicating an enhancement in sleep quality. These findings are consistent with previous research, which highlighted the presence of bioactive compounds known for their diverse biological effects. This study introduces Pleurotus squarrosulus as a potential natural sleep aid, showcasing a promising synergy when combined with diazepam. Further investigation into the mechanisms and safety considerations of this combination offers an optimistic path for the development of integrated approaches to sleep management.
Study on Physical Fitness Index BMI and VO2 Max of Physical Education Students
Authors: Bag Ujjal
Published: October 2024

Physical activity is human body movement of any type, while physical education programs use physical activity to teach children how to improve and sustain an active lifestyle. One of the most crucial factors to think about when evaluating a subject's cardiorespiratory efficiency is their Physical Fitness Index (PFI). The risks involved in implementing BMI for adults also affect kids and teenagers. The term "maximal oxygen consumption capacity" (VO2max) refers to the body's capacity to consume oxygen in the skeletal muscle mitochondria at a maximum rate during vigorous full-body exercise. To investigate correlation body mass index, physical fitness index and maximal oxygen capacity (VO2max) among physical education students. The investigator was selected 36 BPED students (Male: 20 & Female: 16) from University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia. The age range of subject from 19 to 25 years. To conduct this study measured body mass index though Quetelet index, physical fitness index through Harvard step test and maximal oxygen capacity (VO2max) through Queens College Step test were considered. Conclusion of this present study were no significant relationship between physical fitness index and body mass index of male, female students and students as a whole. Significantly relationship between VO2 max and body mass index for female students but in case of male and student as a whole found no relationship. Positive relationship between physical fitness index and VO2 max for male students and student as a whole but in case of female found no relationship.
Study on Roadway Layout and Supporting Method of High Intensity Mining Disturbance Bottom Coal Recovery Working Face (A Case Study in Xiagou Mine)
Authors: Duan Yuqing , Han Gang , Hao Xiaoqi
Published: October 2024

After more than ten years of mining, the subsequent replacement resources of 4 # coal in Xiagou Mine are insufficient. In order to ensure the normal production of the mine, Xiagou Coal Mine needs to recycle the lower layer resources of 4 # coal seam. The design issue of the roadway layout and support mode for the bottom coal recovery left by the strong disturbance in the Xiagou Mine has to be resolved. Through theoretical evaluation and computer simulation, this study investigates the appropriate staggered distance of the roadway layout following upper slicing mining as well as the distributed stress law of the roadway under various staggered distances. Finally, the reasonable external offset is determined. Based on the actual working condition of 404 mining area in Xiagou Mine, the matching roadway support design is put forward. Finally, the roadway layout and support design are validated through the use of computer modeling and field monitoring. The findings demonstrate that when there is a significant disruption in the upper layer, the roadway layout of bottom coal recovery should adopt the external staggered layout and the reasonable external staggered distance is 6 m. At this time, the fluctuation degree of nearby rock stress, the non-uniformity of stress distribution and the uniformity of the roadway's deformation under disturbance meet the production needs. It shows that 6m layout and roadway supporting method are more reasonable, which has reference significance for roadway arrangement and support under similar engineering conditions.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Existing Preventive Fire-Fighting Measures in the City of Douala, Cameroon, to Improve Decision-Making and Public Safety
Authors: Samuel Batambock , Jean Nyatte , Innocent Ndoh , Bitondo Dieudonne , Christophe Kikmo , Ruben Mouangue
Published: October 2024

The storage of hydrocarbons in urban areas poses significant risks to local populations, including the potential for fire, explosion, groundwater contamination, and air pollution. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of current fire prevention and suppression strategies in the city of Douala. The study will be approached by first identifying, geolocating, and characterizing urban firefighting equipment. Subsequently, a proposal will be put forth for a response system to safeguard the city in the event of a catastrophic fire at a service station. In order to achieve this objective, the current regulatory framework governing the location of FH facilities was subjected to a thorough examination. Subsequently, pivotal compliance factors were identified, operationalized, and an audit checklist was formulated. A safety questionnaire was utilized to assess the equipment within service stations. GPS technology was employed to record the GPS coordinates of the FHs. GIS10.3.1 software was utilized to evaluate the BI distribution model. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS20.0 software, which revealed that the 142 BIs studied were essentially randomly distributed across the following neighborhoods. The results of the election yielded the following results: Bonamoussadi 27 (19%), Bonandjo 19 (13%), Bali 02 (1%), Deido 09 (6%), Akwa Nord 03 (2%), Bonamoussadi 18 (12%), Makepe 18 (12%), and B. The remaining 5% is distributed among the following: Assa, Bepanda, Cité-Sic, Ndogbong, Cité des Palmiers, Bonaberi, and New-Bell. Of the 142 FH identified, 30 (21.12%) lack water, and 4 (2.81%) have a flow rate of less than 30 m³/h with a dynamic pressure of less than 1 bar. Seventeen (11.97%) are inaccessible; 79 (55.63%) are operational; five (3.52%) are challenging to operate; and seven (4.92%) are situated within a private enclosure. The response time of the fire department is inadequate for all stations situated more than 3 km from their base in Ngondi-Douala. Only 17 (11.52%) of the stations are situated at distances of less than 5.83 km, which is conducive to efficient intervention. In contrast, 134 (88.74%) of the stations are located at distances of 5.83 km or more from the fire department base, which is not conducive to efficient intervention. The results indicate that the BIs are situated at considerable distances from the stations. Notably, the Total Laquitinie station is the sole city station with a FH located at its entrance. The database developed in this study could serve as a valuable resource for policymakers to inform appropriate action.
Long Term Cardiovascular Outcomes Between Sleep Surgery and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Martin Ann M. , Elliott Zachary , Mastrolonardo Eric , Wu Richard , Mease Joshua , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suffer from a multitude of concurrent morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Limited data exists comparing long term cardiovascular disease (CVD) clinical outcomes for patients treated with surgical intervention versus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The purpose of this study was to compare CVD outcomes at multiple time points comparing those treated with sleep surgery versus CPAP alone.

Methods:

A research database was used to assess outcomes: death, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, essential hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension at 5, 8, and 20 years for patients with OSA treated with surgical interventions (upper airway stimulation [UAS], uvulopalatopharyngoplasty [UPPP], and tonsillectomy) or CPAP alone. Subjects were identified using ICD and CPT codes and analyses were conducted with and without propensity score matching for age, sex, race, BMI, myocardial infarction (MI), essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure.

Results:

All surgical interventions demonstrated benefit over CPAP alone at most time points for most surgical interventions. At 8 years, for all sleep surgeries (UAS or UPPP or tonsillectomy) (n = 6627) versus treatment with CPAP alone (n = 6627), matched subjects demonstrated decreased risk (odds ratios) and superior survival (hazard ratios and log ranks tests) for death (OR = 0.49 [0.39, 0.62] P ≤ .0001, HR = 0.29 [0.23, 0.37], χ2 = 109.58 P ≤ .0001), myocardial infarction (OR = 0.67 [0.54, 0.84] P = .0005*, HR = 0.48 [0.38, 0.60], χ2 = 42.40 P ≤ .0001), atrial fibrillation (OR = 0.70 [0.59, 0.83] P ≤ .0001, HR = 0.54 [0.45, 0.64], χ2 = 51.53 P ≤ .0001), heart failure (OR = 0.55 [0.47, 0.64] P ≤ .0001, HR = 0.41 [0.35, 0.47], χ2 = 137.416 P ≤ .0001), essential hypertension (OR = 0.88 [0.82, 0.94] P = .0002, HR = 0.78 [0.74, 0.82], χ2 = 76.38 P ≤ .0001), and pulmonary hypertension (OR = 0.51 [0.40, 0.65] P ≤ .0001, HR = 0.38 [0.29, 0.48], χ2 = 60.67 P ≤ .0001) where P ≤ .00037 indicated statistical significance*.

Conclusion:

This investigation suggests surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea may contribute to the mitigation of long-term clinical CVD morbidity.
Comparative Analysis of the Portfolio-balance Models of Exchange Rate Determination
Authors: Bhattacharyya Karnikaa , Deb Kaveri
Published: October 2024

The current study conducts a comparative analysis of Portfolio-Balance Models (PBM) developed by Branson, Kouri and Dornbusch to assess the role of expectations and time horizons in determining and forecasting the India–US exchange rate over the period 1996:Q2–2019:Q3. Notably, it improves the original models by integrating microstructure theory into their framework. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Error-Correction Model (ARDL-ECM) is used to investigate both short run and long run behaviour of the models. Additionally, the study assesses out-of-sample forecasting accuracy of the modified models against the Random Walk Model (RWM) using the root mean square error metric. The estimation results reveal that models based on rational expectations are better than the static expectations model. Notably, the microeconomic determinant is counterintuitively significant only in the long run across all models. Furthermore, these modified models demonstrate superior out-of-sample forecasting abilities compared to RWM for alternative forecasting horizons. However, forecasting results over a 6-month period is better with short run models. Over 1-year and 2-year horizons, rational expectations models outperform the static expectations model. This study challenges the Meese–Rogoff puzzle, ensuring that PBM, when modified to incorporate microstructure theory, is valid and yields superior forecasting results compared to RWM.

JEL Codes: F31, F32, C22
Profiles of refugee-related trauma exposure and depression among North Korean refugees in South Korea: A latent class analysis
Authors: Um Mee Young , Kim Hee Jin , Kim Hye Jin
Published: October 2024

Background:

North Korean refugees (NKRs) exhibit alarmingly high levels of depression prior to or immediately after entering South Korean society, which is likely attributable to their pre-migration traumatic experiences. However, prior research on NKRs has simply examined the cumulative effect of trauma on depression. Despite calls for research identifying trauma exposure patterns that co-occur among refugees, to date, no study has investigated distinct profiles of NKRs’ pre-migration trauma exposure and their associations with depression in this high-risk population. To better understand the unique mental health needs of NKRs and provide them with tailored care, it is imperative to identify meaningful subgroups of NKRs with distinct profiles of trauma exposure.

Aims:

Using latent class analysis (LCA), which is a person-centered approach, this study aimed to identify subgroups of NKRs based on trauma exposure and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics and depression levels.

Methods:

A sample of NKRs ( N = 405) in South Korea were assessed for depression, pre-migration trauma, and sociodemographic covariates through a self-administered survey. LCA was conducted to identify trauma exposure classes and multivariate ordinary least squares regression analysis was performed to examine associations between trauma exposure classes and depression.

Results:

The prevalence of clinically significant depression was 47.2% for our study sample. Three classes of trauma were identified: deprivation trauma and witnessing death (59.3%), complex and pervasive trauma (23.7%), and low exposure (17.0%). Members in the complex and pervasive trauma class demonstrated very high probabilities of exposure to all traumatic events and had the strongest association with elevated depression.

Conclusions:

Our findings underscore the importance of identifying subgroups of NKRs to unravel heterogeneity in trauma exposure and provide more nuanced explanations for different risk profiles regarding depression. These findings also provide evidence for a framework for clinicians to provide individualized resources and trauma-informed services to NKRs.
The manuscript diagrams of Theodosios’ Spherics
Authors: Sidoli Nathan
Published: October 2024

This paper is a study of the visual characteristics of the medieval manuscript diagrams found in Theodosios’ Spherics. It provides a new taxonomy of eight types of diagrams found in the manuscript sources, and examines the way in which geometric information is encoded in the manuscript diagrams using a number of visual encodings. It then argues that these diagrams can be used to address ongoing research debates about whether the striking visual characteristics of medieval diagrams in mathematical texts are the result of deliberate choices by the premodern authors, the result of accidents of transmission, or both. Along the way, the paper identifies a further type of transmission error that is prevalent in the medieval transmission of mathematical diagrams.
Furthering relational approaches to peace
Authors: Brigg Morgan
Published: October 2024

Relational scholarship is burgeoning across the social sciences and gaining ground in peace and conflict studies. But relationalism is prone to misunderstanding. This article demonstrates that the ‘relational’ is an ontological orientation, with foundational implications for how social scientists know the world, rather than a methodological stance oriented to relationships. It offers a threefold framework that clarifies forms of relational-ontological scholarship and the trade-offs among them without prescribing the methods of relational research. It argues that while all forms of relational-ontological scholarship have value, those that give greater emphasis to relations than to entities help to better analyse dynamism and diversity, and that the normative value of relational approaches lies in considering peace as an effect of relations and turning to relations-in-themselves.
“It Was Nice To Be Able To Talk to Them Like They Were Family.”: A Mexican American Preservice Teacher’s Testimonio
Authors: Salmerón Cori
Published: October 2024

A large body of scholarship focuses on how to prepare White teachers to teach students of Color and guide them to make sense of their Whiteness. Using testimonio, this article adds diversity to teacher preparation literature and makes space for Kelly, a Mexican American preservice generalist teacher, to share her story. In particular, I highlight how her relationships and language ideology influence her ethnic identity construction while participating in the figured worlds of 1) her family, 2) personal K-12 schooling experience, and 3) pre-service student teaching experiences. Kelly’s testimonio is a call to subvert monoglossic language ideologies, value translanguaging, and ultimately prepare PSTs with the self-reflexive capacity to engage in linguistically responsive and sustaining pedagogy.
Environmental Politics in India Between 2014 and 2019: A Critique of Policies and Projects
Authors: Ranjan Amit
Published: October 2024

After being elected into power in 2014, Narendra Modi’s government made some policy-related decisions in his first five-year term that impacted the country’s environment. Some of the policy decisions taken by the Modi government during 2014–2019 were criticised, while a few had improved or promised to improve climate infrastructure in India. There were protests against some of the decisions taken by the Modi government; a few of those protests were dealt strongly by the Indian state. This article examines the environmental situation, policy, and politics between 2014 and 2019.
Freedom from American psychology
Authors: Ratele Kopano
Published: October 2024

In this article, I argue that although our society became free in 1994, there is a way in which many psychologists and psychology students remain unfree. The unfreedom of interest is of the epistemic kind. To move from a state of being epistemically unfree to being a free psychologist, I contend that we must jettison American-centric White epistemology, White ignorance and ways of thinking about and doing psychology towards situated epistemologies and practice.
Conceptions and Practices of Autonomy among Indigenous and Peasant Movements in Latin America
Authors: Barbosa Lia Pinheiro , Rosset Peter Michael
Published: October 2024

This paper seeks to categorize the forms of autonomy developed by Indigenous and peasant movements in Latin America into three types: a) de jure autonomies versus de facto autonomies; b) explicit autonomies versus implicit autonomies; and c) (mono)ethnic autonomies versus popular or class autonomies. We argue that the debate between these conceptions takes on a possible strategic importance when it comes to the dialogue between Indigenous and peasant struggles regarding the defense of territory as well as in the conception of peasant autonomy, understood as a strategy of struggle and local self-governance.
Distributed finite-time sliding mode containment control for multi-unmanned surface vehicles with input and output quantization
Authors: Hou Yanqing , Yan Yan , Jiang Tao , Yu Shuanghe , Liu Yi
Published: October 2024

To solve the containment control problem of multi-unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) with input and output quantization communication, we propose a distributed containment method using sliding mode control (SMC) technology. First, with only the quantized value of position information being available, a super-twisting algorithm (STA)-based observer is used to recover the unmeasured velocities of the follower USVs in a finite time. Second, based on the STA-based observer, a distributed SMC strategy is developed to guide the follower USVs closely into the convex hull formed by the leader USVs under quantized communication. Furthermore, the stability analysis is given to guarantee that sliding variables and containment position errors can converge to specified ranges related to the quantization parameters and the parameters of the STA-based observer. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the designed SMC approach.
Semi-active vibration control via a magnetorheological damper and active disturbance rejection control
Authors: Rodríguez-Torres Andrés , Morales-Valdez Jesús , Yu Wen
Published: October 2024

This work provides an alternative for the semi-active vibration control problem via state feedback plus an active disturbance rejection control (K-ADRC) for a multistory building structure equipped with one magnetorheological damper (MRD) located between the ground and the first story. This control law introduces a disturbance observer (DOB) to estimate the total disturbance in real time, produced by the earthquake perturbation, unmodeled dynamics, and parametric uncertainties, and then cancel their effect using a part of the control signal. Moreover, using a diffeomorphism, the K-ADRC provides a proportional derivative (PD) controller designed to improve internal stability. A prominent feature of the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) algorithm is that the value of the DOB gain is selected according to the system bandwidth. The stability of the system is verified via Lyapunov analysis. Moreover, the building structure model and the MRD are accomplished by incorporating a nonlinearity state that represents the hysteresis effect to perform real behavior in addition to assuming that acceleration is the only available measurement of building structures. Thus, integral filters are provided based on the appropriate cut-off frequency to estimate displacement and velocity, avoiding bias, offset, and phase shifts. Experimental results from a reduced-scale two-story building prototype demonstrate that the proposed K-ADRC is promising for real applications, and it has better performance than the state feedback (K) and the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control techniques.
Transcending failure: A study on the “failed domestication” of online news for young visually impaired people in China
Authors: Tan Kun , Huang XinXin
Published: October 2024

Drawing on the triple articulation framework, this study explores the “failed domestication” of online news consumption among young visually impaired people (YVIP), focusing on technological objects, symbolic environments, and individual texts. The findings suggest that “failed domestication” is not merely a consequence of limitations in technical design or social contexts but rather the result of “negotiation” between individuals and media. YVIP develop unique media usage strategies by simplifying operational procedures, foregoing updates, filtering out news irrelevant to their daily lives, and personalizing their interpretation of texts. In contrast to the notion of “failure” rooted in ableism, these behaviors reflect a deep understanding by the visually impaired of their capabilities and specific needs, constituting a form of “alternative success.” The use of digital media by people with disabilities is a process of autonomous choice rather than the “enforcing normalcy.” Therefore, this study advocates for creating a more flexible and human-centric media ecosystem that enables people with disabilities to choose appropriate media usage patterns based on their individual needs and preferences, thus promoting genuine digital inclusivity.
Can changing schools help peer-victimized students escape their plight? A mixed-methods study
Authors: Tenhunen Essi-Lotta , Kuusiaho Inka-Liisa , Salmivalli Christina
Published: October 2024

Changing schools tends to be more frequent among victimized students and is sometimes used as a means to put an end to persistent bullying. However, whether these changes benefit victimized students remains unclear, as bullying victimization often persists across different contexts. This mixed-methods study ( n = 58,799 and n = 68 for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively) conducted in Finland examines the role of victimization history in the association between newcomer status and victimization in the new school among elementary school students (fourth to sixth graders, that is, 10–12 years old) and middle school students (seventh to ninth graders, that is, 12–15 years old). The findings showed that elementary school newcomers with most frequent victimization history seemed to benefit from the school change compared to established students with similar victimization histories. A corresponding, albeit much weaker, effect was observed among middle schoolers. Previously victimized students had initially been more willing to change schools than non-victimized students. The qualitative content analysis showed a more complex reality—some of the previously victimized newcomers had strong aspirations for a better future, while others experienced fears and losses of established friendships. Eventually, the school change can bring both disappointments and rewards, depending on the newcomers’ ability to make new friends and escape bullying.
Longitudinal associations between quality of out-of-school time and adolescent social skills
Authors: Gholap Neha P. , Nelson Jackie A.
Published: October 2024

Involvement in out-of-school activities, such as sports and clubs, is linked to greater intrinsic motivation and positive mood in children and adolescents, as well as opportunities for social skill development. However, the impact of out-of-school time (OST) activities varies with youths’ perceptions of their quality, and few studies have examined these effects longitudinally. While higher quality OST relates to improved social skills, children with stronger social skills tend to receive more positive responses from their environments. In this brief report, we explored whether quality OST was linked to increases in social skills from early to middle adolescence and/or whether having social skills leads to higher quality OST experiences. In a sample of 996 mother–child dyads (45% female, 78% white, 24% low-income), we used cross-lagged path modeling to examine bidirectional relations between sixth-grade OST quality and ninth-grade social skills, as well as sixth-grade social skills and ninth-grade OST quality. The cross-lagged path model accounted for child sex, family income, father in the home, closeness with mothers, teachers, and peers, and number of OST activities. The cross-lagged effects were bidirectional: sixth-grade social skills were associated with increases in OST quality ( β = .08, p = .014), and sixth-grade OST quality was related to increases in social skills ( β = .10, p < .001). These findings have important implications for parents, teachers, and coaches who manage adolescents’ extracurricular activities.
The Leaky Home: Conceptualizing the Remote Control of Smart Technologies in the Domestic Sphere
Authors: Søilen Karen Louise Grova , Veel Kristin
Published: October 2024

Today many homes are accessible from afar, with mobile phones functioning as remote controls for technologies within the home. In this article we propose the ‘leaky home’ as a conceptual figure to understand how automated homes that leak through connected devices and sensors that collect, transmit, receive and share data are experienced and sensed by bodies within these distributed spaces. The leak brings together postmodern metaphors of fluidity and the 21st century discourse of information leaks, while maintaining infrastructural connotations of substances that shift domain in very tangible ways. By looking at a series of examples from media accounts and research conducted in Denmark, the UK, the USA and Australia, ranging from everyday family practices to digital coercive control, we explore how the care-control complex of the home is impacted by its leaky nature.
Ichnoguild analysis of the Bajocian-Bathonian Yellow Flagstone Member (Goradongar Formation) from the Kachchh Basin, Western India
Authors: Choudhary Anjali , Chauhan Suruchi , Paul Bhaskar , Patel Dhruv , Desai Bhawanisingh
Published: October 2024

The Yellow Flagstone is the oldest member of the Goradongar Formation exposed in the Pachchham Island, Kachchh Basin. The members exposed in four sections are mapped for trace fossils, and 17 ichnofossils have been documented. The concept of ichnoguild (IG) is applied to reveal the infaunal tiering structure and the strategies organisms adapt to exploit the resources. Ten IG of similar characteristics and ecological functions have been identified. Five are shallow-tier IGs ( Asterosoma IG, Gyrochorte IG, Nereites IG, Planolites IG and Bolonia IG), three middle-tier IGs ( Rhizocorallium IG, Arenicolites-Diplocraterion IG and Zoophycos-Teichichnus IG) and two deep-tier IGs ( Skolithos Arenicolites IG and Thalassinoides-Ophiomorpha IG). The analysis of three ichnological tiers and their IGs, namely shallow, middle and deep-tiers across the stratigraphy of Yellow Flagstone Member suggests a transition from a lower shoreface environment to offshore transition environments. The transition is supported by an increase in deep-tier IG and the marginal increase in the ichnodiversity and density. Changes in the composition and abundance of IGs over time can indicate shifts in sedimentation patterns, sea level fluctuations and paleoenvironmental conditions within the basin. Thus, the findings suggest an environmental shift from shoreface to offshore transition indicative of a transgression during the deposition of upper Bajocian to lower Bathonian Yellow Flagstone Member in the Kachchh Basin. The study also examines the temporal and spatial changes in the IGs, contributing to a better understanding of ecological changes within the basin. The findings contribute to the broader knowledge of paleoecology and provide valuable data for sedimentological and stratigraphic interpretations in sedimentary basins.
Screening for Cognitive Decline by Lay Navigators: A Scoping Review
Authors: Williams Ishan C. , Chu Crystal D. , Coker Dorothy , Anderson Kara , Wilson Dan , Jones Randy , Wenzel Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Innovative ways of screening for cognitive decline are urgently needed to increase detection and access to early treatment, particularly for those at highest risk for morbidity and mortality. The aim of this scoping review was to identify how cognitive screening is conducted within primary care and other clinical settings, specifically focusing on the use of lay navigators. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for scoping reviews, inclusive of collaborators’ feedback, we included English-language research articles published after 2010 and identified ten articles. We found that lay navigators could effectively screen for common memory problems, provide support to patients and caregivers’ needs, and deliver standardized education. Incorporating cognitive screening by lay navigators can facilitate earlier access to effective treatment, especially by those burdened by existing disparities. Future research and widespread adoption of these innovative methods may improve earlier screening and thus early detection and treatment in primary care settings.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Spine Imaging Referral Guideline
Authors: Hamel Candyce , Avard Barb , Dea Nicolas , Margau Ryan , Mattar Andrew , Michaud Alan , Schmidt Matthias , Volders David , Vu Viet , Witiw Christopher , Worrall James , Murphy Amanda
Published: October 2024

The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Spine Expert Panel is made up of physicians from the disciplines of radiology, emergency medicine, neurology, neurosurgery, physiatry, a patient advisor, and an epidemiologist/guideline methodologist. After developing a list of 10 clinical/diagnostic scenarios, a rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify systematically produced referral guidelines that provide recommendations for one or more of these clinical/diagnostic scenarios. Recommendations from 23 guidelines and contextualization criteria in the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) for guidelines framework were used to develop 22 recommendation statements across the 8 scenarios (one scenario points to the CAR Trauma Referral Guideline and one scenario points to the CAR Musculoskeletal Guideline). This guideline presents the methods of development and the referral recommendations for myelopathy, suspected spinal infection, possible atlanto-axial instability (non-traumatic), axial pain (non-traumatic), radicular pain (non-traumatic), cauda equina syndrome, suspected spinal tumour, and suspected compression fracture. Spondyloarthropathies and spine trauma point to other CAR Diagnostic Imaging Referral Guidelines, Musculoskeletal and Trauma, respectively.
Licochalcone A Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Fan Yun , Ling Yun , Zhou Xibin , Li Kai , Zhou Chunxiang
Published: October 2024

Background

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced neurodegeneration has been considered an underlying cause of Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of licochalcone A (Lico A), a valuable flavonoid of the root of the Glycyrrhiza species, against cognitive impairment in AD by regulating ER stress.

Methods

The triple transgenic mouse AD models were used and were administrated 5 or 15 mg/kg Lico A. Cognitive deficits, Aβ deposition, ER stress, and neuronal apoptosis were determined using Morris Water Maze test, probe trial, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and TUNEL staining. To investigate the mechanisms of how Lico A exerts anti-AD effects, primary hippocampal neurons were isolated from the AD model mice and treated with Lico A, salubrinal, an eIF2α phosphatase inhibitor, ML385, a Nrf2 inhibitor, or LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of Lico A (15 mg/kg) in AD mice were evaluated.

Results

We found that Lico A improved cognitive impairment, decreased Aβ plaques, inhibited ER stress, and reduced neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice. Treatment with Lico A in primary hippocampal neurons exerted the same effects as it did in vivo. Additionally, cotreatment with ML385 or LY294002 significantly impeded the effects of Lico A against ER stress. Moreover, 15 mg/kg Lico A had a good bioavailability and low toxicity in AD mice.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that Lico A ameliorates ER stress-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling, suggesting the therapeutic potential of Lico A in AD treatment.
An altered deal? Examining industry perspectives of post-COVID higher education internships in Australia
Authors: Naqvi Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

COVID necessitated a shift in how industry, higher education, and students collaborated on work integrated learning (WIL) initiatives, specifically internships. In a post-pandemic environment, how has this shift altered the traditional dynamics of the WIL internship? This study examined the experiences of 165 industry supervisors of undergraduate student internships undertaken in Australia over 3 years (2021-2023). It explored how such experiences differed across three defined modes. The study aimed to identify implications for higher education institutions and whether such WIL experiences – and the relationships which underpin them – need recalibrating in the ‘new normal’ post-pandemic environment. Results show that students experience similar outcomes in terms of workplace productivity, irrespective of internship mode. The results suggest allocated tasks differed across the three internship modes. There is a lack of willingness for organisations to extend offers of employment to students undertaking WIL via online modes as compared to in-person. This has implications for the tripartite relationship between student, higher education institution, and industry as one of the primary motivators for organisations participating in such programs is to access a pipeline of future talent. Do these dynamics alter the long-standing deal between industry and higher education?.
Differential quadrature lattice Boltzmann method for simulating fluid flows
Authors: Ghadyani Mohsen , Saremi Tehrani Mohammadreza , Enjilela Vali
Published: October 2024

In this study, a novel method for simulating incompressible flows using the lattice Boltzmann method is presented, aiming to improve robustness. This method is enhanced by the Qadyan numerical method. In the Qadyan method, Partial differential equations are solved using semi-discrete schemes combined with the differential quadrature method. To discretize the spatial derivatives of the lattice Boltzmann equation, the upwind differential quadrature method is employed, while the first-order forward difference scheme and/or fourth-order Runge-Kutta method handle the temporal term. The decision to exclude more complex methods stems from their requirement for refined computational grids. This work focuses on achievable results with similar types of uniform grids. The proposed scheme introduces and evaluates a novel method for solving both steady and unsteady problems. The present numerical method is validated by solving five benchmark problems, including heat diffusion on a slab, Stokes’ first problem, Taylor-Green vortex flow, flow around a flat plate, and flow in a lid-driven cavity. Reasonable agreements are obtained between the solutions obtained using this method and those from analytical/other numerical approaches. The Qadyan formulation delivers more accurate results compared to the finite-difference lattice Boltzmann method, (FDLBM), without requiring an increase in the number of grids. Notably, the novel Qadyan method achieves this increased accuracy without introducing additional complexity to the standard lattice Boltzmann method or resorting to non-uniform grids. This is possible due to the nature of the differential quadrature method, which utilizes more combinations of candidate stencils. The Qadyan method has a higher computational cost in comparison with the FDLBM.
POD and mesh-adaptivity based reduce order model: Application to solve PDEs and inviscid flows
Authors: Bidaguren Iñigo , Remaki Lakhdar , Blanco Jesús María
Published: October 2024

Time efficiency is a critical concern in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of industrial applications. Despite the extensive research to improve the underlying numerical schemes to reduce the processing time, many CFD applications still need to improve on this issue. Reduced-Order Models (ROM) appeared as a promising alternative for significantly enhancing cost-effectiveness. The dimension of the initial problem is reduced significantly while keeping an acceptable level of accuracy. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), a data analysis technique, is widely used to construct a ROM to solve Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in CFD. Many aspects, however, need to be improved. In this paper, first, a general upper-bound error formula is derived, and second, a mesh-adaptivity based algorithm for snapshot locations in parameter space is provided (a sensitive step for POD-based ROM) in the context of Partial Differential Equations (PDE). The method’s efficiency is demonstrated through numerical tests by comparison to exact solutions and numerical results of a finite volume scheme on inviscid flow over a NACA0012.