bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnitude-Frequency Distribution of Hummocks on Rockslide-Debris Avalanche Deposits and Its Geomorphological Significance
Authors: Yoshida Hidetsugu
Published: January 2016

A magnitude-frequency analysis of rockslide-debris avalanche deposits was performed. Hummocks are conical mounds formed in debris avalanche deposits from the catastrophic sector collapse of a mountain (often volcanic) that represent relatively cohesive fragments of the mountain edifice. Examination of 17 debris avalanche deposits in Japan and the Philippines showed that, in general, the larger the magnitude of the hummocks, the smaller their frequency. Hummocks followed an exponential distribution: log10N(x) = a – bx, where N(x) is the cumulative number of hummocks with magnitude ≥ x and a and b are constants; x is equal to log10A, where A is the area of a hummock. The constants a and b were positively correlated. The value of b, which differs among avalanches and in this analysis ranged between 1 and 3, may be controlled by the mobility of the debris avalanche. Avalanches with higher mobility (relatively longer runout) have higher b and potentially produce more numerous fragments forming hummocks (i.e., higher a). From the above correlation, the magnitude-frequency relationship can be used to roughly estimate the original height of the collapsed volcanic body, if the runout distance of the rockslide–debris avalanche can be estimated with sufficient accuracy.
Heart Rate, Stress, and Occupational Noise Exposure among Electronic Waste Recycling Workers
Authors: Burns Katrina , Sun Kan , Fobil Julius , Neitzel Richard
Published: January 2016

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing occupational and environmental health issue around the globe. E-waste recycling is a green industry of emerging importance, especially in low-and middle-income countries where much of this recycling work is performed, and where many people’s livelihoods depend on this work. The occupational health hazards of e-waste recycling have not been adequately explored. We performed a cross-sectional study of noise exposures, heart rate, and perceived stress among e-waste recycling workers at a large e-waste site in Accra, Ghana. We interviewed 57 workers and continuously monitored their individual noise exposures and heart rates for up to 24 h. More than 40% of workers had noise exposures that exceeded recommended occupational (85 dBA) and community (70 dBA) noise exposure limits, and self-reported hearing difficulties were common. Workers also had moderate to high levels of perceived stress as measured via Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, and reported a variety of symptoms that could indicate cardiovascular disease. Noise exposures were moderately and significantly correlated with heart rate (Spearman’s ρ 0.46, p < 0.001). A mixed effects linear regression model indicated that a 1 dB increase in noise exposure was associated with a 0.17 increase in heart rate (p-value = 0.01) even after controlling for work activities, age, smoking, perceived stress, and unfavorable physical working conditions. These findings suggest that occupational and non-occupational noise exposure is associated with elevations in average heart rate, which may in turn predict potential cardiovascular damage.
Sun Exposure Prevalence and Associated Skin Health Habits: Results from the Austrian Population-Based UVSkinRisk Survey
Authors: Haluza Daniela , Simic Stana , Moshammer Hanns
Published: January 2016

Recreational sun exposure accounts for a large number of acute and chronic dermatological diseases, including skin cancer. This study aimed at estimating the one-year prevalence of sun exposure and skin health-associated knowledge and attitudes among Austrian citizens. The population-based UVSkinRisk survey investigated a representative sample of Austrian adults using a structured questionnaire. In total, 1500 study subjects (median age 33.0 years, 50.5% females) participated in this questionnaire survey. Among study participants, prevalence of sun exposure was 47%, with slightly higher rates in males (48%) compared to females (46%). Younger age, lower professional category, darker skin type, motives to tan, sunbed use, sunburn, and outdoor sport activity increased the odds for prevalent sun exposure. This is the first population-based study evaluating the prevailing sun exposure and recreational habits influencing skin health among Austrian citizens. Despite public media campaigns educating on the harmful effects of sunlight exposure, we found a high prevalence of self-reported sunlight exposure. The results suggest that multifaceted socio-cultural characteristics stimulate recreational sun exposure and tanning habits. Communicating individualized Public (Skin) Health messages might be the key to prevent photo-induced skin health hazards in light-skinned populations. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
The Online Dissemination of Nature–Health Concepts: Lessons from Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Relating to “Nature-Deficit Disorder”
Authors: Palomino Marco , Taylor Tim , Göker Ayse , Isaacs John , Warber Sara
Published: January 2016

Evidence continues to grow supporting the idea that restorative environments, green exercise, and nature-based activities positively impact human health. Nature-deficit disorder, a journalistic term proposed to describe the ill effects of people’s alienation from nature, is not yet formally recognized as a medical diagnosis. However, over the past decade, the phrase has been enthusiastically taken up by some segments of the lay public. Social media, such as Twitter, with its opportunities to gather “big data” related to public opinions, offers a medium for exploring the discourse and dissemination around nature-deficit disorder and other nature–health concepts. In this paper, we report our experience of collecting more than 175,000 tweets, applying sentiment analysis to measure positive, neutral or negative feelings, and preliminarily mapping the impact on dissemination. Sentiment analysis is currently used to investigate the repercussions of events in social networks, scrutinize opinions about products and services, and understand various aspects of the communication in Web-based communities. Based on a comparison of nature-deficit-disorder “hashtags” and more generic nature hashtags, we make recommendations for the better dissemination of public health messages through changes to the framing of messages. We show the potential of Twitter to aid in better understanding the impact of the natural environment on human health and wellbeing.
Hermes (Rbpms) is a Critical Component of RNP Complexes that Sequester Germline RNAs during Oogenesis
Authors: Aguero Tristan , Zhou Yi , Kloc Malgorzata , Chang Patrick , Houliston Evelyn , King Mary
Published: January 2016

The germ cell lineage in Xenopus is specified by the inheritance of germ plasm that assembles within the mitochondrial cloud or Balbiani body in stage I oocytes. Specific RNAs, such as nanos1, localize to the germ plasm. nanos1 has the essential germline function of blocking somatic gene expression and thus preventing Primordial Germ Cell (PGC) loss and sterility. Hermes/Rbpms protein and nanos RNA co-localize within germinal granules, diagnostic electron dense particles found within the germ plasm. Previous work indicates that nanos accumulates within the germ plasm through a diffusion/entrapment mechanism. Here we show that Hermes/Rbpms interacts with nanos through sequence specific RNA localization signals found in the nanos-3′UTR. Importantly, Hermes/Rbpms specifically binds nanos, but not Vg1 RNA in the nucleus of stage I oocytes. In vitro binding data show that Hermes/Rbpms requires additional factors that are present in stage I oocytes in order to bind nanos1. One such factor may be hnRNP I, identified in a yeast-2-hybrid screen as directly interacting with Hermes/Rbpms. We suggest that Hermes/Rbpms functions as part of a RNP complex in the nucleus that facilitates selection of germline RNAs for germ plasm localization. We propose that Hermes/Rbpms is required for nanos RNA to form within the germinal granules and in this way, participates in the germline specific translational repression and sequestration of nanos RNA.
Development of Hollow Steel Ball Macro-Encapsulated PCM for Thermal Energy Storage Concrete
Authors: Dong Zhijun , Cui Hongzhi , Tang Waiching , Chen Dazhu , Wen Haibo
Published: January 2016

The application of thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCMs) for energy efficiency of buildings grew rapidly in the last few years. In this research, octadecane paraffin was served as a PCM, and a structural concrete with the function of indoor temperature control was developed by using a macro-encapsulated PCM hollow steel ball (HSB). The macro-encapsulated PCM-HSB was prepared by incorporation of octadecane into HSBs through vacuum impregnation. Test results showed that the maximum percentage of octadecane carried by HSBs was 80.3% by mass. The macro-encapsulated PCM-HSB has a latent heat storage capacity as high as 200.5 J/g. The compressive strength of concrete with macro-encapsulated PCM-HSB at 28 days ranged from 22 to 40 MPa. The indoor thermal performance test revealed that concrete with macro-encapsulated octadecane-HSB was capable of reducing the peak indoor air temperature and the fluctuation of indoor temperature. It can be very effective in transferring the heating and cooling loads away from the peak demand times.
Comparison of Cyclic Hysteresis Behavior between Cross-Ply C/SiC and SiC/SiC Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Authors: Li Longbiao
Published: January 2016

In this paper, the comparison of cyclic hysteresis behavior between cross-ply C/SiC and SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) has been investigated. The interface slip between fibers and the matrix existed in the matrix cracking mode 3 and mode 5, in which matrix cracking and interface debonding occurred in the 0° plies are considered as the major reason for hysteresis loops of cross-ply CMCs. The hysteresis loops of cross-ply C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites corresponding to different peak stresses have been predicted using present analysis. The damage parameter, i.e., the proportion of matrix cracking mode 3 in the entire matrix cracking modes of the composite, and the hysteresis dissipated energy increase with increasing peak stress. The damage parameter and hysteresis dissipated energy of C/SiC composite under low peak stress are higher than that of SiC/SiC composite; However, at high peak stress, the damage extent inside of cross-ply SiC/SiC composite is higher than that of C/SiC composite as more transverse cracks and matrix cracks connect together.
Application of Full Factorial Experimental Design and Response Surface Methodology for Chromite Beneficiation by Knelson Concentrator
Authors: Akar Sen Gul
Published: January 2016

The present work is undertaken to determine the effect of operational variables, namely: feed rate, centrifugal force and fluidization water flow rate on the efficiency of Knelson concentrator for chromite ore beneficiation. A full factorial design with three factors at three levels and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied for this purpose. The quadratic models were developed to predict the concentrate Cr2O3 grade and recovery as the process responses. The results suggest that all the variables affect the grade and recovery of the Cr2O3 concentrate to some degree. However, the fluidization water rate was found as the most effective parameter.
An Integrated Experimental/Theoretical Study of Structurally Related Poly-Thiophenes Used in Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Vanossi Davide , Cigarini Luigi , Giaccherini Andrea , Da Como Enrico , Fontanesi Claudio
Published: January 2016

In this work, a series of eight thiophene-based polymers (exploited as “donors” in bulk heterojunction photovoltaics cells), whose structures were designed to be suitably tuned with the electronic characteristics of the [6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), is considered,. The electronic properties of the mono-, di-, trimeric oligomers are reckoned (at the Hartree-Fock and DFT level of the theory) and compared to experimental spectroscopic and electrochemical results. Indeed, electrochemical and spectroscopic results show a systematic difference whose physical nature is assessed and related to the exciton (electron-hole) binding energy ( J e , h ). The critical comparison of the experimental and theoretical band gaps, i.e., the HOMO-LUMO energy difference, suggests that electrochemical and DFT values are the most suited to being used in the design of a polythiophene-based p-n junction for photovoltaics.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus by Multiple Endonuclease Restriction Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technique
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Dongxun , Wang Yan , Li Kewei , Ye Changyun
Published: January 2016

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are two marine seafood-borne pathogens causing severe illnesses in humans and aquatic animals. In this study, a recently developed novel multiple endonuclease restriction real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology (MERT-LAMP) were successfully developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus strains in only a single reaction. Two MERT-LAMP primer sets were designed to specifically target toxR gene of V. parahaemolyticus and rpoS gene of V. vulnificus. The MERT-LAMP reactions were conducted at 62 °C, and the positive results were produced in as short as 19 min with the genomic DNA templates extracted from the V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus strains. The two target pathogens present in the same sample could be simultaneously detected and correctly differentiated based on distinct fluorescence curves in a real-time format. The sensitivity of MERT-LAMP assay was 250 fg and 125 fg DNA per reaction with genomic templates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus strains, which was in conformity with conventional LAMP detection. Compared with PCR-based techniques, the MERT-LAMP technology was 100- and 10-fold more sensitive than that of PCR and qPCR methods. Moreover, the limit of detection of MERT-LAMP approach for V. parahaemolyticus isolates and V. vulnificus isolates detection in artificially-contaminated oyster samples was 92 CFU and 83 CFU per reaction. In conclusion, the MERT-LAMP assay presented here was a rapid, specific, and sensitive tool for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, and could be adopted for simultaneous screening of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in a wide variety of samples.
Total Synthesis of Chiral Falcarindiol Analogues Using BINOL-Promoted Alkyne Addition to Aldehydes
Authors: Wang Li , Shou Ping-Ping , Wei Si-Ping , Zhang Chun , Li Shuang-Xun , Liu Ping-Xian , Du Xi , Wang Qin
Published: January 2016

An enantioselective total synthesis of chiral falcarindiol analogues from buta-1,3-diyn-1-yltriisopropylsilane is reported. The key step in this synthesis is BINOL-promoted asymmetric diacetylene addition to aldehydes. The two chiral centers of the falcarindiol analogues can be produced by using the same kind of catalyst with high selectivity, and the final product can be obtained in only six steps.
Comparative Study of Essential Oils Extracted from Egyptian Basil Leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) Using Hydro-Distillation and Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction
Authors: Chenni Mohammed , El Abed Douniazad , Rakotomanomana Njara , Fernandez Xavier , Chemat Farid
Published: January 2016

Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and conventional hydro-distillation (HD) were used for the extraction of essential oils (EOs) from Egyptian sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. The two resulting EOs were compared with regards to their chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The EO analyzed by GC and GC-MS, presented 65 compounds constituting 99.3% and 99.0% of the total oils obtained by SFME and HD, respectively. The main components of both oils were linalool (43.5% SFME; 48.4% HD), followed by methyl chavicol (13.3% SFME; 14.3% HD) and 1,8-cineole (6.8% SFME; 7.3% HD). Their antioxidant activity were studied with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging method. The heating conditions effect was evaluated by the determination of the Total Polar Materials (TPM) content. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against five microorganisms: two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, two Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one yeast, Candida albicans. Both EOs showed high antimicrobial, but weak antioxidant, activities. The results indicated that the SFME method may be a better alternative for the extraction of EO from O. basilicum since it could be considered as providing a richer source of natural antioxidants, as well as strong antimicrobial agents for food preservation.
Probiotic Soy Product Supplemented with Isoflavones Improves the Lipid Profile of Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cardoso Umbelino Cavallini Daniela , Jovenasso Manzoni Marla , Bedani Raquel , Roselino Mariana , Celiberto Larissa , Vendramini Regina , De Valdez Graciela , Saes Parra Abdalla Dulcinéia , Aparecida Pinto Roseli , Rosetto Daniella , Roberto Valentini Sandro , Antonio Rossi Elizeu
Published: January 2016

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Several studies have demonstrated that specific probiotics affect the host’s metabolism and may influence the cardiovascular disease risk. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of an isoflavone-supplemented soy product fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus 416 on cardiovascular risk markers in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Design: Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial Setting: São Paulo State University in Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Participants: 49 male healthy men with total cholesterol (TC) >5.17 mmol/L and <6.21 mmol/L Intervention: The volunteers have consumed 200 mL of the probiotic soy product (group SP-1010 CFU/day), isoflavone-supplemented probiotic soy product (group ISP–probiotic plus 50 mg of total isoflavones/100 g) or unfermented soy product (group USP-placebo) for 42 days in a randomized, double-blind study. Main outcome measures: Lipid profile and additional cardiovascular biomarkers were analyzed on days 0, 30 and 42. Urine samples (24 h) were collected at baseline and at the end of the experiment so as to determine the isoflavones profile. Results: After 42 days, the ISP consumption led to improved total cholesterol, non-HDL-C (LDL + IDL + VLDL cholesterol fractions) and electronegative LDL concentrations (reduction of 13.8%, 14.7% and 24.2%, respectively, p < 0.05). The ISP and SP have prevented the reduction of HDL-C level after 42 days. The C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were not improved. The equol production by the ISP group subjects was inversely correlated with electronegative LDL concentration. Conclusions: The results suggest that a regular consumption of this probiotic soy product, supplemented with isoflavones, could contribute to reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in moderately hypercholesterolemic men, through the an improvement in lipid profile and antioxidant properties.
Anti-Stress, Behavioural and Magnetoencephalography Effects of an l-Theanine-Based Nutrient Drink: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial
Authors: White David , De Klerk Suzanne , Woods William , Gondalia Shakuntla , Noonan Chris , Scholey Andrew
Published: January 2016

l-theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide) is an amino acid found primarily in the green tea plant. This study explored the effects of an l-theanine-based nutrient drink on mood responses to a cognitive stressor. Additional measures included an assessment of cognitive performance and resting state alpha oscillatory activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Thirty-four healthy adults aged 18–40 participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced crossover study. The primary outcome measure, subjective stress response to a multitasking cognitive stressor, was significantly reduced one hour after administration of the l-theanine drink when compared to placebo. The salivary cortisol response to the stressor was reduced three hours post-dose following active treatment. No treatment-related cognitive performance changes were observed. Resting state alpha oscillatory activity was significantly greater in posterior MEG sensors after active treatment compared to placebo two hours post-dose; however, this effect was only apparent for those higher in trait anxiety. This change in resting state alpha oscillatory activity was not correlated with the change in subjective stress response or the cortisol response, suggesting further research is required to assess the functional relevance of these treatment-related changes in resting alpha activity. These findings further support the anti-stress effects of l-theanine.
Hydroxylated Dimeric Naphthoquinones Increase the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species, Induce Apoptosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Are Not Substrates of the Multidrug Resistance Proteins ABCB1 and ABCG2
Authors: Lapidus Rena , Carter-Cooper Brandon , Sadowska Mariola , Choi Eun , Wonodi Omasiri , Muvarak Nidal , Natarajan Karthika , Pidugu Lakshmi , Jaiswal Anil , Toth Eric , Rassool Feyruz , Etemadi Arash , Sausville Edward , Baer Maria , Emadi Ashkan
Published: January 2016

Selective targeting of the oxidative state, which is a tightly balanced fundamental cellular property, is an attractive strategy for developing novel anti-leukemic chemotherapeutics with potential applications in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a molecularly heterogeneous disease. Dimeric naphthoquinones (BiQs) with the ability to undergo redox cycling and to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells are a novel class of compounds with unique characteristics that make them excellent candidates to be tested against AML cells. We evaluated the effect of two BiQ analogues and one monomeric naphthoquinone in AML cell lines and primary cells from patients. All compounds possess one halogen and one hydroxyl group on the quinone cores. Dimeric, but not monomeric, naphthoquinones demonstrated significant anti-AML activity in the cell lines and primary cells from patients with favorable therapeutic index compared to normal hematopoietic cells. BiQ-1 effectively inhibited clonogenicity and induced apoptosis as measured by Western blotting and Annexin V staining and mitochondrial membrane depolarization by flow cytometry. BiQ-1 significantly enhances intracellular ROS levels in AML cells and upregulates expression of key anti-oxidant protein, Nrf2. Notably, systemic exposure to BiQ-1 was well tolerated in mice. In conclusion, we propose that BiQ-induced therapeutic augmentation of ROS in AML cells with dysregulation of antioxidants kill leukemic cells while normal cells remain relatively intact. Further studies are warranted to better understand this class of potential chemotherapeutics.
Holistic Health Care and Spiritual Self-Presence
Authors: O’Sullivan Michael
Published: January 2016

In this paper, I present evidence of the developing interest in spirituality in healthcare and treat three questions it raises: (1) what makes a person and a life spiritual so that a strictly medical model of health and care won’t do?; (2) what is the scope of healthcare?; and (3) what makes care in healthcare ‘spiritual’ precisely? In addressing the first question I attend to the etymological roots of “spiritual” and articulate how the notion of “spiritual” in Pauline biblical texts is being retrieved today in spirituality studies and research but in a way, also, that does not attach it strictly to religious affiliation. In addressing the second question, I highlight the holistic meaning of healthcare by first attending to the etymological roots of health. I then show that adequate healthcare also requires reflection on the notion of the good and illustrate what I mean by interpreting a biblical narrative. In addressing the third question, I draw on lived experience to illustrate how care-providers may need enhanced religious literacy to read and respond to care-seekers irrespective of their own personal beliefs. However, I also argue that what makes care distinctively spiritual in the first instance has less to do with the subject matter of the care—the what of the care—and more to do with how carers act, with, that is, the self-presence of the carers.
Mapping Vineyard Leaf Area Using Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanners: Should Rows be Scanned On-the-Go or Discontinuously Sampled?
Authors: Del-Moral-Martínez Ignacio , Rosell-Polo Joan , Company Joaquim , Sanz Ricardo , Escolà Alexandre , Masip Joan , Martínez-Casasnovas José , Arnó Jaume
Published: January 2016

The leaf area index (LAI) is defined as the one-side leaf area per unit ground area, and is probably the most widely used index to characterize grapevine vigor. However, LAI varies spatially within vineyard plots. Mapping and quantifying this variability is very important for improving management decisions and agricultural practices. In this study, a mobile terrestrial laser scanner (MTLS) was used to map the LAI of a vineyard, and then to examine how different scanning methods (on-the-go or discontinuous systematic sampling) may affect the reliability of the resulting raster maps. The use of the MTLS allows calculating the enveloping vegetative area of the canopy, which is the sum of the leaf wall areas for both sides of the row (excluding gaps) and the projected upper area. Obtaining the enveloping areas requires scanning from both sides one meter length section along the row at each systematic sampling point. By converting the enveloping areas into LAI values, a raster map of the latter can be obtained by spatial interpolation (kriging). However, the user can opt for scanning on-the-go in a continuous way and compute 1-m LAI values along the rows, or instead, perform the scanning at discontinuous systematic sampling within the plot. An analysis of correlation between maps indicated that MTLS can be used discontinuously in specific sampling sections separated by up to 15 m along the rows. This capability significantly reduces the amount of data to be acquired at field level, the data storage capacity and the processing power of computers.
Influence of Tillage Practices and Crop Type on Soil CO2 Emissions
Authors: Bilandžija Darija , Zgorelec Željka , Kisić Ivica
Published: January 2016

Nonsustainable agricultural practices often lead to soil carbon loss and increased soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere. A research study was conducted on arable fields in central lowland Croatia to measure soil respiration, its seasonal variability, and its response to agricultural practices. Soil C-CO2 emissions were measured with the in situ static chamber method during corn (Zea mays L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing seasons (2012 and 2013, n = 288) in a field experiment with six different tillage treatments. During corn and winter wheat growing season, average monthly soil C-CO2 emissions ranged, respectively, from 6.2–33.6 and 22.1–36.2 kg ha−1 day−1, and were decreasing, respectively, from summer > spring > autumn and summer > autumn > spring. The same tillage treatments except for black fallow differed significantly between studied years (crops) regarding soil CO2 emissions. Significant differences in soil C-CO2 emissions between different tillage treatments with crop presence were recorded during corn but not during winter wheat growing season. In these studied agroecological conditions, optimal tillage treatment regarding emitted C-CO2 is plowing to 25 cm along the slope, but it should be noted that CO2 emissions involve a complex interaction of several factors; thus, focusing on one factor, i.e., tillage, may result in a lack of consistency across studies.
Sequential Relationship between Profitability and Sustainability: The Case of Migratory Beekeeping
Authors: Pilati Luciano , Prestamburgo Mario
Published: January 2016

When beekeeping is managed on a migratory basis, the bee colony produces physical outputs (honey) and pollination services on a sequence of forage sites. Forage sites are competitors if their flowering periods overlap, and are complementary otherwise. Viable sequences consist only of complementary forage sites. A part of the bee colony’s production time is spent on each forage site in the period when the crop or wild vegetation covering it is in flower. The total period covered by the sequence of sites, including the base site, must be equal to or less than the duration (365 days) of the bee colony’s annual biological cycle. The migratory beekeeper draws up viable sequences of forage sites and calculates their profitability levels. Variations in the profitability of forage sites which alter the composition of the sequence, affecting provision of the non-marketed ecosystem pollination services, impact the biodiversity of the pollinated plants with trickle-down effects on sustainability. In the case of migratory beekeeping, there is, therefore, a sequential relationship between profitability and sustainability.
Luceria: su alcune questioni di topografia storica del territorio
Authors: Finocchietti Luigi
Published: January 2016

Il testo approfondisce alcune questioni riguardanti l’antico territorio della colonia latina di Luceria, posta nella Regio II augustea Apulia et Calabria, a partire dal suo ingresso all’interno dell’orbita romana avvenuto durante l’ultimo quarto del IV secolo a. C. fino all’età tardo-antica. La problematica ricostruzione dei suoi confini territoriali è la prima questione affrontata, propedeutica all’esame critico delle trasformazioni avvenuta all’interno del paesaggio rurale, e quindi delle tipologie insediative e della proprietà fondiaria. Il lavoro è stato svolto inoltre tenendo in considerazione costantemente i cambiamenti dovuti al succedersi nei secoli di varie vicende politiche, che hanno portato a trasformazioni più o meno visibili e a numerose assegnazioni di porzioni di territorio. L’analisi è stata condotta sulla base di tutta la documentazione storico-epigrafica e archeologica edita attualmente a disposizione.
Agents et modalités de la construction des lieux de culte dans les colonies d’époque républicaine (338-44 av. n.è.)
Authors: Bertrand Audrey
Published: January 2016

Un recensement de l’ensemble des travaux liés à la sphère religieuse dans les colonies d’époque républicaine en Italie (338-44 av. n. è.) permet d’interroger non seulement les évolutions de la parure religieuse de ces cités sur plusieurs siècles, mais aussi d’ouvrir l’enquête sur d’autres terrains. La documentation épigraphique permet seule ou presque de connaître les agents à l’origine des constructions de sanctuaires dans les colonies, de leur restauration ou de leur embellissement. Leur identification offre la possibilité de déterminer la part de Rome dans ces activités édilitaires et, partant, de préciser la nature des relations entre l’Vrbs et ses colonies. La constitution d’un large corpus autorise parallèlement à analyser la répartition géographique des interventions édilitaires, la périodisation des aménagements, la nature privée ou publique des fonds utilisés et fournit
Cicero’s autobiography: narratives of success in the pre-consular orations
Authors: Steel Catherine Elizabeth Wannan
Published: January 2016

Cicero’s writings should be interpreted as a single narrative, which teleologically records the progress of his public life from its outset. Close attention to his pre-consular speeches shows the extent to which he edited his actions in an attempt to show his unimpeded rise up the cursus honorum and the importance of the Verrines in re-energising his career at a point at which -despite his best textual efforts -it was flagging. Interpretation of Cicero’s speeches and other writings within an autobiographical framework also throws light on the relationship between spoken and written in the conduct of Roman political life.
La réforme agraire portugaise a-t-elle construit un espace nouveau ?
Authors: Domenech Bernard , Drain Michel
Published: January 2016

Montemor-o-Novo, Portugal : ejemplo de una nueva edificación del espacio ? El partido judicial de Montemor-o-Novo, sirve de ejemplo de una nueva edificación del espacio por los trabajadores agrícolas a raiz del proceso de reforma agraria, dando a los pueblos de este territorio la base agrícola que les hacía falta. Después, eligieron, para cada nueva unidad de producción agrícola, orientaciones específicas, tomando en cuenta las diferencias en origen cómo, por ejemplo, las resultantes de los varios niveles de equipamiento, quedando el conjunto de unidades de producción dentro del cuadro de una estrategia general. Diez anos después, esa experiencia quedó defraudada en sus esperanzas ya que, si bien se mantiene a nivel local, le faltó apoyo del gobierno a nivel nacional.
Quelques données et remarques sur l'évolution de l'agriculture en Aveyron
Authors: Mercadier Gilbert
Published: January 2016

L'élevage constitue la branche principale de l'économie agricole de l'Aveyron. L'auteur en détaille l'évolution récente, essentiellement en comparant les résultats des deux derniers recensements agricoles, et traite ensuite des mutations sociales et culturelles contemporaines. Il montre ainsi la fragilité d'une expansion menacée par la montée de l'endettement et des coûts de production, le poids du foncier et l'étroitesse des marchés.
CALIBRATED ULTRA FAST IMAGE SIMULATIONS FOR THE DARK ENERGY SURVEY
Authors: Bruderer Claudio , Chang Chihway , Refregier Alexandre , Amara Adam , Bergé Joel , Gamper Lukas
Published: January 2016

Image simulations are becoming increasingly important in understanding the measurement process of the shapes of galaxies for weak lensing and the associated systematic effects. For this purpose we present the first implementation of the Monte Carlo Control Loops (MCCL), a coherent framework for studying systematic effects in weak lensing. It allows us to model and calibrate the shear measurement process using image simulations from the Ultra Fast Image Generator (UFig) and the image analysis software SExtractor. We apply this framework to a subset of the data taken during the Science Verification period (SV) of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We calibrate the UFig simulations to be statistically consistent with one of the SV images, which covers ∼0.5 square degrees. We then perform tolerance analyses by perturbing six simulation parameters and study their impact on the shear measurement at the one-point level. This allows us to determine the relative importance of different parameters. For spatially constant systematic errors and point-spread function, the calibration of the simulation reaches the weak lensing precision needed for the DES SV survey area. Furthermore, we find a sensitivity of the shear measurement to the intrinsic ellipticity distribution, and an interplay between the magnitude-size and the pixel value diagnostics in constraining the noise model. This work is the first application of the MCCL framework to data and shows how it can be used to methodically study the impact of systematics on the cosmic shear measurement.
THE SWIFT GAMMA-RAY BURST HOST GALAXY LEGACY SURVEY. I. SAMPLE SELECTION AND REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Perley D. A. , Krühler T. , Schulze S. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , Hjorth J. , Berger E. , Cenko S. B. , Chary R. , Cucchiara A. , Ellis R. , Fong W. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Gorosabel J. , Greiner J. , Jakobsson P. , Kim S. , Laskar T. , Levan A. J. , Michałowski M. J. , Milvang-Jensen B. , Tanvir N. R. , Thöne C. C. , Wiersema K.
Published: January 2016

We introduce the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxy Legacy Survey (“SHOALS”), a multi-observatory high-redshift galaxy survey targeting the largest unbiased sample of long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) hosts yet assembled (119 in total). We describe the motivations of the survey and the development of our selection criteria, including an assessment of the impact of various observability metrics on the success rate of afterglow-based redshift measurement. We briefly outline our host galaxy observational program, consisting of deep Spitzer/IRAC imaging of every field supplemented by similarly deep, multicolor optical/near-IR photometry, plus spectroscopy of events without preexisting redshifts. Our optimized selection cuts combined with host galaxy follow-up have so far enabled redshift measurements for 110 targets (92%) and placed upper limits on all but one of the remainder. About 20% of GRBs in the sample are heavily dust obscured, and at most 2% originate from

Using this sample, we estimate the redshift-dependent GRB rate density, showing it to peak at

and fall by at least an order of magnitude toward low (z = 0) redshift, while declining more gradually toward high (

) redshift. This behavior is consistent with a progenitor whose formation efficiency varies modestly over cosmic history. Our survey will permit the most detailed examination to date of the connection between the GRB host population and general star-forming galaxies, directly measure evolution in the host population over cosmic time and discern its causes, and provide new constraints on the fraction of cosmic star formation occurring in undetectable galaxies at all redshifts.
SATELLITE QUENCHING AND GALACTIC CONFORMITY AT 0.3 < z < 2.5*
Authors: Kawinwanichakij Lalitwadee , Quadri Ryan F. , Papovich Casey , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Labbé Ivo , Spitler Lee R. , Straatman Caroline M. S. , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Allen Rebecca , Behroozi Peter , Cowley Michael , Dekel Avishai , Glazebrook Karl , Hartley W. G , Kelson Daniel D. , Koo David C. , Lee Seong-Kook , Lu Yu , Nanayakkara Themiya , Persson S. Eric , Primack Joel , Tilvi Vithal , Tomczak Adam R. , van Dokkum Pieter
Published: January 2016

We measure the evolution of the quiescent fraction and quenching efficiency of satellites around star-forming and quiescent central galaxies with stellar mass

at

. We combine imaging from three deep near-infrared-selected surveys (ZFOURGE/CANDELS, Ultra Deep Survey, and UltraVISTA), which allows us to select a stellar-mass complete sample of satellites with

. Satellites for both star-forming and quiescent central galaxies (“centrals”) have higher quiescent fractions compared to field galaxies matched in stellar mass at all redshifts. We also observe “galactic conformity”: satellites around quiescent centrals are more likely to be quenched compared to the satellites around star-forming centrals. In our sample, this conformity signal is significant at

for

, whereas it is only weakly significant at

and

. Therefore, conformity (and thus satellite quenching) has been present for a significant fraction of the age of the universe. The satellite quenching efficiency increases with increasing stellar mass of the central, but does not appear to depend on the stellar mass of the satellite to the mass limit of our sample. When we compare the satellite quenching efficiency of star-forming centrals with stellar masses 0.2 dex higher than quiescent centrals (which should account for any difference in halo mass), the conformity signal decreases, but remains statistically significant at

. This is evidence that satellite quenching is connected to the star formation properties of the central galaxy as well as to the mass of the halo. We discuss physical effects that may contribute to galactic conformity, and emphasize that they must allow for continued star formation in the central galaxy even as the satellites are quenched.
Le mort saisit le vif, le vif saisit le mort : de la dialectique du transmettre à ses modalisations
Authors: Drulhe Marcel
Published: January 2016

L’opacité inhérente à l’acte de transmettre a été encore accentuée par les résultats de l’enquête pisa et par certaines réactions aux événements liés à Charlie hebdo , début janvier 2015. L’enjeu est de retrouver la matrice fondatrice de l’activité de transmission qui initie à l’échange, à la civilité et à la réciprocité. Comment le contexte sociétal contemporain conduit-il à en gommer des aspects essentiels ? Quelles en sont les répercussions sur les styles éducatifs qui tendent à privilégier l’inculcation de compétences et la concurrence, au risque de produire tantôt un « individu par défaut » et tantôt un « individu par excès » ?
Transmission ? Avoir une âme et « tenir promesse »
Authors: Pagès Martine
Published: January 2016

D’une génération à l’autre, on transmet d’abord le présent : notre présent est marqué par un matérialisme consumériste destructeur des consciences, des cultures et des langues. L’âme humaine est-elle en passe de disparaître et de faire place à un eugénisme grimaçant ? Qu’attend-on des maîtres à venir ? Qu’ils tiennent promesse.
Filiation et parentalités aujourd’hui
Authors: Provansal François
Published: January 2016

Les transformations dues aux nouvelles parentalités remettent en cause le modèle traditionnel de la filiation dans les sociétés occidentales. L’apport des sciences humaines permet de les repenser pour leur donner une place socialement et juridiquement acceptable par tous. L’écoute analytique des sujets, en butte aux processus administratifs qui réécrivent leur filiation, leur permet de sortir de la confusion qu’ils induisent.
Nouveau malaise dans la transmission
Authors: Lenoir Jean-Loup
Published: January 2016

Avec l’avènement de la postmodernité, assistons-nous à la fin de l’élévation de la sphère sociale comme espace d’humanisation et de subjectivation, c’est-à-dire comme lieu de transmission à l’Homme, par l’Homme, de ce qui fait l’Homme ? À l’heure de l’émergence d’un nouveau malaise dans la transmission, nous tenterons de répondre à cette question majeure armés du souci éthique d’objecter aux visions performatives de nos métiers l’idée selon laquelle ce qui se transmet dans les modalités particulières de lien à l’autre que sont les relations éducatives et thérapeutiques, ce sont les effets de structuration, de subjectivation et de socialisation qu’impliquent ces liens.
Transmettre dans la formation des travailleurs sociaux
Authors: Roquejoffre Alain
Published: January 2016

Transmettre dans la formation des travailleurs sociaux a toujours été essayer de construire une place jamais assurée dans un secteur professionnel où, le plus souvent, l’hégémonie de l’action, le primat de la pratique, la méfiance à l’égard de la théorie occupent en grande partie le champ des représentations. Les évolutions récentes sont en passe de réduire l’acte de transmettre à la diffusion d’une idéologie managériale et techniciste au détriment des fondamentaux des sciences sociales, de l’incertitude du résultat des pratiques et de la complexité du sujet.
Modes d’engagement des stagiaires au prisme des représentations des formateurs
Authors: Saccomanno Benjamin
Published: January 2016

Cet article analyse les modes d’engagement en formation qualifiante pour adultes, envisagés du point de vue de formateurs de l’AFPA, dont la position en fait les principaux observateurs au fur et à mesure des cohortes qu’ils suivent. Leurs discours permettent de détailler comment se construit leur jugement au contact des stagiaires, ainsi que les espaces d’action au sein desquels peuvent se singulariser leurs apports aux dynamiques individuelles. Nous restituons quatre figures archétypales que les formateurs utilisent pour qualifier les stagiaires à travers leur engagement. Les repères de ces figures produites sont la traduction des exigences d’autonomie et de la mise en projet de soi. La compréhension de ces figures éclaire donc comment les perceptions des formateurs participent fortement de la relation d’accompagnement qu’ils tentent de construire avec les stagiaires.
Turkey's Economic Sustainability in Global Hypercompetition
Authors: Christansen Bryan , Dirikan Tuğba , Dirikan Caner , Kasarcı Fatmanur
Published: January 2016

The Republic of Turkey represents solid business opportunities for both Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and domestic enterprises. However, the economic sustainability of these opportunities lies in several key factors such as global hypercompetition, business creativity, the informal economy, and international brand equity. While abundant talent exists in multiple industries in Turkey, a major challenge is to encourage businesspersons and government elite to harness this talent better and make it more efficient. This chapter shall explore these and other factors like human resource management and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) training to examine how the nation's long-term economic prosperity can be maintained in a global environment which demands sustainable development.
Global Financial Crises
Authors: Ismail Mohd Nazari
Published: January 2016

This chapter discusses the main cause of global financial crises which is over-indebtedness on a massive scale. This is in turn due to the existence and operation of the lending-for-profit industry which encourages over-borrowing by individuals, corporations and governments. This is happening on very large scale as the industry expands since its inception in Europe in the 15th century. Presently firms borrow large amounts of money to finance large scale R&D, manufacturing and marketing activities to remain competitive. Governments borrow money in order to ensure the economy does not slow down by practising deficit spending. Present-day crises requires a radical re-examination of the role of the lending-for-profit industry. This is unavoidable and imperative, for otherwise, the whole world will witness a gradual but sure decline in quality of life, and an increase in the sufferings of many citizens, especially among the poor and the weak.
The Political Context of Migration in the UK
Authors: Smith David
Published: January 2016

This chapter considers the societal response to the arrival in the UK of significant numbers of Roma Gypsies from East and Central Europe in recent years through the framework of Imogen Tyler's (2013) ‘social abjection' concept. In particular the chapter examines the relations between media and political discourses surrounding Roma migrants in the context of growing anti-EU sentiment on one hand and a parallel critique of multiculturalism on the other in order to examine the role and function that the Roma have played in these debates. The interplay between these different fields of discourse draws on a ‘consensus of disgust' that affirms social boundaries and creates physical, social and moral distance from ‘Others' considered as ‘polluting' and of less worth. The promotion and incitement of disgust as a mechanism of governance serves wider political and ideological objectives while also inhibiting the potential of social integration strategies, restricting the inclusionary potential of such policies and the assimilation of Roma populations.
An Application of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Calcium Carbonate (CaCo3) as Materal for Self-Healing Cement
Authors: Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , Alrizal Fahmi Firdaus , Husein Iqbal , Triwulan Triwulan , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa
Published: January 2016

Self-healing cement is a novel topic in concrete technology. Concrete is created to have its own ability to heal cracks. Crack closure is due to the material deposition of the gap so causing the crack closed. Materials used in this paper is mortar composition with ordinary portland cement replaced by calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and rice husk ash. There are three testing presented in this paper. The first is compressive test to determine the compression applied to mortar for initial cracks. The second is an ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test to observe the depth of cracks and density of each composition. The third is macroscopic investigation to observe cracks wide in each mixture. The maximum compressive strength of 22.46 MPa shown by specimens made with 10% rice husk ash and 10% calcium carbonate cement. By the end of healing process, it reached 23.18 MPa. It was also shown that in crack depth decreased from 38 mm to 16 mm. From this analysis, it can be concluded that rice husk ash (RHA) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) can be utilized as self-healing concrete materials.