bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Multi-Species Oral Biofilms Grown in Presence of H2O2 Production-Affecting Substrates Show Health-Associated Alterations in Composition, Metabolism and Virulence.
Authors: Verspecht Tim , Vermeulen Dorien , Holm Wannes Van , Zayed Naiera , Bernaerts Kristel , Boon Nico , Teughels Wim
Published: June 2021

Modulation of the commensal oral microbiota is a promising preventive or therapeutic strategy for oral health and can for instance be achieved by increasing the abundance and/or activity of certain species. This study evaluated whether 10 selected substrates could modulate in vitro multi-species oral biofilms towards a more health-associated state. These substrates were chosen based on the possibility that they could stimulate H2O2 production by certain commensal species and/or increase their abundance, as previously reported or as hypothesized based on known bacterial H2O2 pathways. Biofilms grown in presence of the substrates at a clinically relevant concentration of 1%(w/v) often showed increased abundances of commensal species and decreased abundances of periodontal pathogens. Furthermore, most biofilms also showed an altered metabolic profile. Effects on the expression of a selection of virulence genes were substrate-dependent, but often a decreased expression of certain genes could be observed. In conclusion, this study found that a selection of substrates chosen for their hypothesized beneficial effects on the commensal oral microbiota were able to modulate in vitro multi-species oral biofilms towards a more health-associated state. These modulatory effects were found to be substrate-dependent.
Evaluating the Effect of Community Engagement on the Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness in the Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) Trial in Northern Karnataka, India
Authors: Kavi Avinash , Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Ramadurg Umesh Y , Charantimath Umesh S , Katageri Geetanjali M , Karadiguddi Chandrashekhar C , Honnungar Narayan V , Bannale Shashidhar G , Mungarwadi Geetanjali I , Bone Jeffrey N , Vidler Marianne , Magee Laura A , Mallapur Ashalata A , Goudar Shivaprasad S , Bellad Mrutunjaya B , Derman Richard J , von Dadelszen Peter
Published: June 2021

Background: Increased birth preparedness and complication readiness can promote timely identification of the need for seeking skilled care and arrival at the appropriate facility for pregnancy complications. Engaging communities can support effective usage of local health services, yet implementation of community engagement programs can be challenging. The objective of the paper is to describe the process of community engagement in northern Karnataka, India and its impact on pre-eclampsia knowledge, birth preparedness and complication readiness, pregnancy-related care seeking and maternal morbidity.Methods: Community engagement was conducted in intervention clusters within the “Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia” (CLIP) trial in Belagavi and Bagalkote districts in rural Karnataka, India. Community engagement attendance was summarized according to participant group (pregnant women and women of reproductive age, mothers and mothers-in-law, community stakeholders, health workers and others). Pre-eclampsia knowledge, birth preparedness, health services engagement and perinatal outcomes was evaluated within trial surveillance. Outcomes were compared between trial arms using a mixed effects logistic regression model on RStudio (RStudio Inc, Boston, United States). Community feedback notes were thematically analysed on NVivo12 (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia).Results: A total of 1,379 community engagement meetings were conducted with 39,362 participants between November 2014 and October 2016. Community engagement activities may have had an effect on modifying community attitudes towards hypertension in pregnancy and its complications. However, rates of pre-eclampsia knowledge, birth preparedness, health services engagement and maternal morbidities among individual pregnant women were not significantly impacted by community engagement activities in their area.Conclusion: Evaluation of our community engagement program in India demonstrates the feasibility of reaching pregnant women alongside household decision-makers, community stakeholders and health workers. More research is needed to explore the pathways of impact between broad community mobilization to strengthen support for maternal care-seeking and clinical outcomes of individual pregnant women. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov, NCT01911494. Registered 30 July 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01911494.
Geographic Inequity in Access to Primary Aldosteronism Screening, Despite the Implementation of Universal Health Coverage: A Finding from the Spatial Epidemiological Study in Southern Thailand
Authors: Suntornlohanakul Onnicha , Sakarin Suporn , Kietsiriroje Noppadol , Sripl Hutcha
Published: June 2021

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA), the most common cause of secondary hypertension is considered as a “major public health issue” due to higher risk of cardiovascular complications compared to blood-pressure-match hypertension and increase in prevalence around the world. In Thailand, though PA screening is provided under the universal health coverage, the service can be offered only at some centers. Our study aimed to identify the geographic distribution of PA screening and diagnosis and its contributing epidemiologic and geographic factors in terms of healthcare service and system of the disease in Southern Thailand. Methods: Data of 688 patients who underwent PA screening from 2011-2017 were obtained from the electronic database of Songklanagarind Hospital, a super-tertiary center in this region. The patients’ residence was transformed into a 6-digit number corresponding to the global one (GADM ©). The areas with PA screening and diagnosis were visualized by disease mapping procedures. A generalized log-linear model was used to identify the factors affecting the patient’s service accessibility. Results: From the geographic distribution, patients living in or near the area of the super-tertiary center (Songkhla) had a high probability of receiving PA screening. The analysis of factors contributing to PA screening by multivariate log-linear model demonstrated that the distance from the super-tertiary center was a predictive factor for screening while the presence of endocrinologists and cultural differences were not. The chance of patients living in Songkhla, living less than 200 km, and more than 200 km from Songkhla to receive PA screening was 100%, 82%, and 66%, respectively. The crude incidence rate of PA was 1.66/1,000,000 person-years. The provinces located adjacent to the Andaman Sea had the highest incidence (3.62-5.17 patients/1,000,000 person-years). Conclusions: There is still geographic inequity in access to PA screening and the strategy to decrease the barrier should be resolved. Further research about the underlying risks of the disease such as genetic transmission and improvement of the health care system in the high incidence population of the PA should be performed.
Association Of Vitamin D Deficiency And Pelvic Organ Prolapse In Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Legan Mateja , Barbič Matija , Osredkar Josko , Blaganje Mija
Published: June 2021

Background: Vitamin D is vital for skeletal integrity as well as optimal muscle work. High incidence and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as well as pelvic organe prolapse are found in postmenopausal women, thus raising the question of whether the entities could be related.Methods: We compared 50 postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with 48 age- and weight-matched controls. The clinical assessment of the disorder was performed using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POP-Q). A questionnaire was filled out by the participants and a blood sample was collected for 25-OH-vitamin D determination.Results: The two groups did not differ significantly in body mass index, but differed significantly in vitamin D blood level concentrations, those being lower in POP patients. A significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25-OH-vitamin D< 50 nmol/l) was found in the test group compared to controls. Higher parity/vaginal deliveries and less caesarean sections were found in patients than in controls. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency might be an important associated systemic factor associated to pelvic organ prolapse. The determination of vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women and replenishing its deficiency might also be of importance for the pelvic floor.
Comparative Effectiveness of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Versus Atovaquone for the Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases Receiving Prolonged High-Dose Glucocorticoids
Authors: Jinno Sadao , Akashi Kengo , Onishi Akira , Nose Yoko , Yamashita Mai , Saegusa Jun
Published: June 2021

Background: We compared the prophylactic effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) with atovaquone for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) receiving high-dose glucocorticoids.Methods: Patients with CTDs aged ≥ 18 years who were treated with a prolonged course (≥ 4 weeks) of glucocorticoids (≥ 20 mg/day prednisone) in a Japanese tertiary center between 2013 and 2017 were included. The patients were categorized into two groups: TMP-SMX and atovaquone group. Adjusted cumulative incidence of PCP was compared between the two groups after propensity score weighting for differences in confounding factors. Results: A total of 480 patients with a prolonged high-dose glucocorticoid treatment were identified. Out of 383 patients with TMP-SMX prophylaxis, 102 (26.8%) patients experienced adverse events leading to discontinuation within 4 weeks of initiation while no patient in the atovaquone discontinued the therapy. Two hundred eighty-one patients received TMP-SMX while 107 received atovaquone for PCP prophylaxis. During a total of 397.0 person-years, 7 PCP cases (2 in the TMP-SMX, 5 in the atovaquone) occurred with a mortality rate of 54.5%. After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, the adjusted cumulative incidence of PCP was similar between the two group (HR= 0.97, 95% CI = 0.19 to 5.09, p = 0.97).Conclusion: Prophylactic effects for PCP in CTDs patients receiving prolonged high-dose glucocorticoids were similar between TMP-SMX and atovaquone. Atovaquone was well-tolerated with no side effects.
Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Study in Nanocrystallite La2CuMnO6 Ceramics
Authors: Singh Digvijoy Narayan , Majumder S , Mishra Anupam , Saha S , Mahato M , Molak Andrzej P , Choudhary Ram Janay , Mahato Dev Kumar
Published: June 2021

Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of nano-size polycrystalline, La2CuMnO6 (LCM) samples were studied in the temperature range 80 K to 300 K. Orthorhombic single phase with space group 'Pnma' was confirmed by Rietveld refinement of XRD peaks. The small-polaron driven dielectric dispersion showed relaxation peaks in the vicinity of low-temperatures. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirmed the charge states of Cu (2+) and Mn (4+) ions. DC-resistivity analysis supported the thermally activated conduction for high temperature and the variable range hoping (VRH) mechanism of conduction at low-temperature. The deviation of super-exchange angles between B-site cations from an ideal 180º value produced non-collinearity in the antiferromagnetic response of this ceramic and was confirmed canted antiferromagnetic behaviour. Positive Curie temperature along with finite coercivity indicated that the super-exchange interaction between Cu2+ and Mn4+ ions influenced the magnetic behaviour of this ceramics and showed a heterogenous magnetic response.
Systems biology in disease modeling and control, analysis and perspectives
Authors: Yue Rongting , Dutta Abhishek
Published: June 2021

Omics and drug molecules become increasingly influential in identifying disease mechanisms and drug response. Because diseases and drug responses are co-expressed and regulated in the relevant omics interactions, the traditional way that grabbing molecular data from single isolated layers cannot always obtain valuable inference. Also, adverse effects exist in drugs that impair patients, and launching new medicines for diseases is costly. To resolve the above difficulties, systems biology is then applied to predict potential molecular interaction elements by integrating omics data from genomic, proteomic, transcriptional, and metabolic layers. Combined with known drug reactions, the resulting models improve medicines’ therapeutical performance by re-purposing the existing drugs and combining drug molecules without off-target effects. Based on the identified computational models, drug administration control laws are designed to balance toxicity and efficacy. This review introduces biomedical applications and analyses of interactions among omics and drug molecules for modeling disease mechanism and drug response. The therapeutical performance can be improved by combining the predictive and computational models with drug administration designed by control laws. The challenges are discussed for its clinic uses.
Early Career Guidance for Older Preschoolers Through Story-Related Didactic Games
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Alla A. Oshkina
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problem of early career guidance for preschool children. Currently, one of the areas of social and communicative development of children is the development of their focus on human labour, orientation in the world of professions in demand in the modern world. This work is organized in preschool educational institutions in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education. The article presents the results of identifying orientation of preschoolers in the world of professions, reveals indicators and research methods. The experimental data show the narrowness of preschoolers’ ideas about professions, superficial knowledge of some professions in the immediate environment, reduced interest in the world of professions and the reflection of labor actions in play activities. The logic of work on early career guidance of preschoolers through plot-didactic games is described: features of the plot-didactic games’ development, the content of work stages, methods and techniques. Potential possibilities of plot-didactic games are reflected, which allow solving other educational tasks: development of independent game activity, ability to interact in a team, and increasing motor activity. Keywords: preschool education, early career guidance, plot-didactic game, game activity, social development
Distance Learning Tools in a Comprehensive School
Authors:   Primakov Regional Gymnasium, Andrey A. Popov , Tatiana A. Yandukova ,   School № 107
Published: June 2021

In the article the concept of “distance learning” and “distance learning tools” on the basis of analysis of scientific literature is discussed. Distance learning is interpreted by the authors as a process of interaction between subjects of educational activity (teachers and students) with various tools, the result of which is the development and formation of universal educational actions, subject and metasubject skills. Classification of distance learning tools in general education schools has been done, they include: messengers, platforms for conducting online classes, social networks, portals with ready-made tests for checking knowledge, portals with ready-made videos and tests for checking knowledge, services for creating author’s tests for students. The advantages and disadvantages of their use in educational activities are highlighted on the basis of the authors’ experience. The positive and negative sides of distance learning and the tools that are used by teachers in the process of such learning are revealed. All of the above reflects the scientific novelty of the research. The authors note that in their totality, the described tools of distance learning in a comprehensive school allow the teacher to set educational tasks and implement them, but there are a number of issues that require further study. Keywords: distance learning, distance learning tools, online format, online environment, online classes
The role of content marketing in the promotion of medical goods and services
Authors: Prudnikov Yuriy , Nazarenko Anastasiya
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of the research is highlighting the role of quality medical content marketing, the main problems that arise in the implementation of content strategies on the example of modern Sumy medical institutions, providing recommendations for its improvement. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem indicates that the search for new marketing tools to inform and stimulate the purchase of customers about medical goods and services (passive demand) in the online sphere remains a very relevant topic. This is evidenced by the search for modern trends in the use of marketing in medicine, a comprehensive study of marketing technologies for managing activities in the health care system. At the same time, content marketing is considered as a tool for indirectly persuading the audience to make the decision necessary for the distributor, to choose his service. Investigation of the topic research on the role of marketing content in the promotion of medical goods and services in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: description of the benefits of using content marketing, the importance of compliance with legal requirements when advertising and filling sites and pages on social networks, presenting the results of content analysis of selected clinics, development of proposals to improve their content strategies. Methodological tools of the research methods included systematization of information based on the content analysis of official sites, social networks of selected medical institutions. The object of research is the chosen medical companies (public and private medical centers, dental clinics and medical pharmaceutical institutions), because namely they they are the most visited in the city, have a high level of competition, which means they should be interested in online promotion of services (especially during a pandemic). The research theoretically proves that content marketing is today an integral part of the promotion of medical institutions in the network, reveals the problem of insufficient understanding in the correct use of this tool by Sumy clinics.
HR management in private medical institutions
Authors: Ziabina Yevheniia , Kwilinski Aleksy , Belik Tatiana
Published: June 2021

The article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on improving the HR management system in medical centers through HR policy tools. The study’s main purpose is to form proposals and focus on the prospects for the development of HR management in medical institutions. Systematization of learned treatises and approaches on the development of HR management systems showed problems in HR management’s current methods and systems. The urgency of solving this scientific problem is that the improvement of HR policy could effectively form and modernize medical organizations’ personnel management systems. The study of improving the HR management system in medical centers was carried out in the following logical sequence: considering the basics of personnel management in the private organizations; studying the methods and current trends in personnel management; analyzing the current system of HR management and personnel management on the example of medical institutions of Ukraine; developing recommendations for improving the HR policy of medical centers have been formed considering the obtained results. The methodological tools of the study were the methods of comparison, the BSC system of Kaplan and Norton, the fundamental provisions of personnel management, the calculation method and the method of data analysis, and the Gantt chart. The object of the study is the HR policy of medical institutions in Ukraine. The article presents the empirical analysis results based on the identified problems of organizing a personnel management system. The essence and features of the HR policy of medical centers were determined. In the study, the authors considered the state of medical centers’ staffing and HR management methods in health care. To investigate the organizational structure and personnel in the current situation of HR management of medical centers, the analysis of personnel and financial indicators was conducted. The findings showed the deficiencies in the personnel document management and HR management system of medical centers and the reasons for staff turnover. The comparison method, Kaplan and Norton’s BSC system, Gantt chart, calculation, and data analysis allowed identifying the ways to improve the existing HR management system in organizations.
Covid-19 impact on business sector activity in the EUcountries: digital issues
Authors: Tiutiunyk Inna , Humenna Yuliia , Flaumer Anna
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the functioning of the business sector of European countries through bibliometric analysis. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the scientific achievements on this topic in terms of identifying key categories and phenomena that characterize the impact of COVID-19 on the activities of business entities. Methodological support for this paper includes trend and bibliometric analysis (based on VOSViewer v.1.6.10 toolkit). The results of the trend analysis showed recent stable gradual growth in the number of user search queries on business issues caused more by the COVID-19 pandemic that has become an inhibitor of economic growth and sustainable development. The object of the paper is 2406 publications indexed in the Scopus database and 4666 publications indexed in the Web of Science database on the effects of pandemics on the business sector. The time horizon of the study was in 1980-2021. According to the results of the analysis of papers indexed in the Scopus database the decreasing number of papers during 2014-2015 (from 99225 to 28836) were identified. The article identifies the top 15 Scientific Journals indexed by the Scopus and Web of Science databases in which the issue of the effects of COVID-19 on the business sector were considered most often. It is concluded that the majority of publications were published in journals that were indexed in both databases – Scopus and Web of Science. According to the results of the analysis of metadata of publications devoted to the effects of COVID-19 on the business sector, the 9 clusters by the Scopus database and 8 clusters by the WoS database were identified. The results of the bibliometric analysis devoted to the effects of COVID-19 on the business sector allowed defining 10587 keywords, the frequency of use of which exceeds 5. According to the Scopus database the most popular keywords within this problem are: humans, female, organization and management, commerce, risk assessment, economic aspect and others. At the same time, the most popular keywords in the Web of Science database are: pandemic, impact, business, performance, crisis, management, entrepreneurship, innovation.
Effects of Different Preservatives on Cut Flower of Luculia pinceana: A Novel Fragrant Ornamental Species
Authors: Kong Lingfang , Li Fan , Du Ronghui , Geng Huaiting , Li Shifeng , Wang Jihua
Published: June 2021

Luculia pinceana is a potential cut flower because of its long-term blooming inflorescences and charming fragrance. However, its narrow distribution area and unexplored wild status severely restrict its applications, thus leading to the scientific research of cut L. pinceana flowers. To our knowledge, there is no available published information about the postharvest fresh-keeping of L. pinceana. During this study, the cut flowers of L. pinceana were tested using nine preservatives with different concentrations of sucrose and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) to evaluate the fresh-keeping effects. Through the investigation and analysis of vase life, bud opening and abortion rate, water balance, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and peroxidase (POD) activity, we selected and identified the best vase solution for cut L. pinceana flowers. The results suggested that the preservative of 1% sucrose and 100 mg/L 8-HQ could significantly prolong the vase life of cut L. pinceana flower up to 9 days compared with water control. This solution positively affects flower bud blooming, delays flower senescence, improves the water balance, inhibits the MDA accumulation, and increases POD activity. Therefore, this preservative is suitable for the fresh-keeping of cut L. pinceana flowers. Our study is the first to report the effects of preservatives on cut L. pinceana flower. The results showed that the low-sugar-containing (1% sugar) preservatives can effectively improve the ornamental quality of fresh flowers and demonstrated that the postharvest fresh-keeping of L. pinceana requires low sugar and is insensitive to microorganisms.
Hypobaric Storage of Representative Root, Leaf, Fruit, and Flower Tissues: Comparisons to Storage at Atmospheric Pressure and Normoxia
Authors: Paskus Benjamin , Abeli Patrick , Beaudry Randolph
Published: June 2021

Hypobaric or low-pressure storage (LPS) is a technology that has been reported to have significant potential to preserve fresh produce quality. However, excessive moisture loss has often been erroneously reported to limit the utility of LPS. We report on hypobaric (1.6 to 2.0 kPa) storage of representative bulky and leafy fruits and vegetables {strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) fruit, carrot [Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.] roots, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves, and rose (Rosa ×hybrida ‘Attaché Pink’) flowers} using a laboratory-scale LPS and provide data on the regulation of humidity and temperature and describe effects on moisture loss and quality. The LPS achieved near saturation (>99.5%) of water without condensation on the chamber sidewalls. This required tight regulation of the chamber wall temperature (2.2 °C ± 0.15 °C) and careful control of the flux of air into the chamber. The rate of moisture loss was unaffected by the pressure of the storage atmosphere; however, it was affected by commodity, being lower for strawberry than for carrot or spinach, and averaging 0.08%, 0.40%, and 0.35% per day, respectively (average of normal and low pressure combined). Moisture loss of long-stemmed rose in LPS averaged 0.071% per day over an 8-week storage period. Although moisture loss was low, the LPS environment appeared to enhance water loss from deeper within plant tissues than storage at atmospheric pressure and, in roses, resulted in bent neck 2 or 3 days after removal from storage after 3 weeks. For this reason, LPS did not benefit storability of cut ‘Attaché Pink’ roses compared with high-humidity chambers maintained at atmospheric pressure.
Evaluation of Three Electrochemical Dissolved Oxygen Meters
Authors: Langenfeld Noah J. , Bugbee Bruce
Published: June 2021

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is critical for aerobic life in aquatic environments. Rapid and accurate measurements of DO are necessary to quantify the rate of oxygen uptake and maintain optimum conditions in root zones. DO meters are available across a price range of USD99 to more than USD1000. We compared three meters for stability, response time, and accuracy in freshwater [tap water, 0 g⋅L–1 sodium chloride (NaCl)] and saline water (simulated seawater, 35 g⋅L–1 NaCl) across multiple temperatures. The Yellow Springs, Inc. 550A (YSI) and Sper Scientific 850048 (Sper) meters were stable across a range of water temperatures (12–38 °C) and salinity. The Smart Sensor Roeam AR8210 drifted ±50% within minutes after calibration and was not evaluated further. In freshwater, the YSI meter was within 4% and the Sper meter was within 5% of the theoretical value at 12 and 22 °C. Meters were less accurate at 38 °C. The accuracy in saline water was similar to freshwater. Across temperature and salinity, the response time averaged 10 s for the YSI meter and 15 s for the Sper meter. We conclude that the YSI and Sper meters can provide rapid, stable, and accurate measurements of DO.
Invasive Plants with Native Lookalikes: How Mistaken Identities Can Lead to More Significant Plant Invasions and Delay Management
Authors: Marble S. Christopher , Brown Stephen H.
Published: June 2021

Plant invasions pose a serious threat to biodiversity, agricultural production, and land value throughout the world. Due to Florida’s unique climate, population expansion, expansive coastline, and number of seaports, the state is especially vulnerable to non-native plant naturalization and spread. Invasive plant management programs were shown to have higher success rates with fewer resources when invasives were managed soon after non-native plants were observed. However, some newly emerging invasive plants may go undetected due to their resemblance with native species or other invasive plants. The objective of this review is to highlight a few key invasive plants in Florida that have native lookalikes. While morphological differences are discussed, the primary goal is to discuss management implications of misidentification and delayed response times, as well as the need for plant identification guides that include information on how to distinguish problematic invasive plants from similar native species.
Grafting Tobacco onto Nutrient-efficient Rootstocks Improves Photosynthesis
Authors: Hu Wei , Di Qing , Wei Jingyi , Zhang Jie , Liu Jia
Published: June 2021

Potassium deficiency is a major problem limiting tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) growth, and grafting has the potential to alleviate it. To compare the photosynthetic performance of grafted tobacco under different potassium levels, tobacco Yunyan 87 (main cultivar) and Wufeng No. 2 (potassium high-efficiency cultivar) were selected to conduct mutual grafting trials in the form of hydroculture with two potassium supply levels (5 mmol·L−1 K and 0.5 mmol·L−1 K). The plant growth, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and the initial ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) activity were measured. The results showed that potassium deficiency could significantly decrease the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (gS), and transpiration rate in the tobacco leaves, resulting in nonstomatal restriction. Grafting could effectively alleviate this problem. The actual quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemicals in ‘Yunyan 87’ increased 29.4% and 20.3% by grafting, respectively, under normal and low potassium levels. Compared with nongrafted ‘Yunyan 87’, grafting also effectively improved the electron transfer efficiency of PSII in the tobacco leaves under low potassium stress by reducing nonradiation energy dissipation and enhancing the initial activity of RuBisCO. From this study, it can be known that grafted tobacco plants can improve their photosynthesis by alleviating the nonstomata restriction of leaves under potassium stress and improving the electron transfer efficiency of PSII.
Banking system stability: A prerequisite for financing the Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria
Authors: Amadi Agatha , A. Adetiloye Kehinde , Babajide Abiola , Amadi Idimmachi
Published: June 2021

The banking system, which has been the fulcrum of funding for Nigeria’s economy, is plagued by instability in the face of a growing amount of non-performing loans. This is examined in the current milieu of the need for funding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using a number of proxies for SDGs 8 and 9, annual time series data covering 1992 to 2019 were used with variables such as GDP per capita, commercial banks’ loans to small-scale enterprises, banking system stability indicators and liquid assets to total assets of banks. The study utilized the Autoregressive Distributed Lag. Findings showed that banking system stability has a significant positive effect on funding the SDGs 8 and 9 beyond the five per cent level of significance within the study period. Non-performing loans remained negative throughout the study. The result suggests that banking stability would enhance funding of the SDGs, and banks would be stable if they finance the SDGs. The policy implication explains the importance of banks actively pursuing opportunities to build sustainable enterprises and developing strategies that will enable their core banking business to be more venture-driven rather than consumer-oriented. In conclusion, there is a need to completely eliminate or reduce the quantum of non-performing loans from the system and establish a regulatory framework that will facilitate its expected role of intermediation in the economy profitably and successfully.
AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to appreciate Covenant University for financial support to publish this paper.
South African business incubators and reducing the SME failure rate – A literature review
Authors: Msimango-Galawe Jabulile , N. Hlatshwayo Elona
Published: June 2021

Small business failure is one of the biggest challenges faced by developing countries, and business incubators have been touted as a solution to reducing the failure rate of these small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Thus, the number of business incubators has escalated worldwide, including South Africa. Consequently, significant time has been devoted to researching business incubators and their role in SME success. However, the effectiveness of these incubators is still in question, thus a study is being conducted to determine how effective business incubators are in reducing the failure rate of SMEs.The findings show that there are some improvements in SMEs that have been incubated or supported, but not enough to make a dent on the failure rate at the country level, as the failure rate has stubbornly remained the same. One of the concerning key findings is that there is a misalignment between the goals of business incubators (BIs) and the SMEs’ needs. SMEs are looking for access to finance and access to markets, while BIs are offering office space and other support services. BI and SME goals need to be more aligned if we are to effectively enhance small business development interventions and reduce current failure rates. More empirical research is still needed to measure and quantify the effectiveness of BIs to SME failure rates, as no research has attempted to link a business incubator to both the success of individual SMEs and the country’s SME failure rate.
Arab Women and Feminist Movements in Israel are Between the Hammer of Society and the Anvil of Law
Authors: Keadan Tajread
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research is to reveal the status and image of Arab women and feminist movement in Israel, as it discusses the reality of citizens of Israel and the extent to which they have access to and enjoy their civil, economic, social and political rights. On the one hand, it also analyses women’s rights from the perspective of a society governed by customs and traditions. This is represented by the authority of the male over the female, because the Arab society is a biased society between males and females to some extent, and on the other hand it demonstrates a comparative view with the international law, agreements and treaties that provided for ensuring the protection of women’s rights.
Through this study, the researcher believes that Arab women bear the burdens of submitting themselves to nationalism and the Arab minority on the one hand and the burdens of racial discrimination against Arabs in general and against women in particular. In addition, the local authority responsible for Arab regions and cities bears part of the violations of women’s rights in employment that affect their role in the labor market. This is because it does not carry out its responsibility towards the Arab minority as required, and specifically with regard to securing suitable job opportunities for women, securing public transportation, and suitable places for women with children.
Respons Of Islamic Stock Markets To Monetary Policy Empirical Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Rasyidin Muhammad , Sulong Zunaidah
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurpose - The impact of stock market and capital formation on economic growth in Indonesia for the period of January 2015 – May 2019. This paper examines a long-run equilibrium relation between stock market, capital formation and economic growth and other control variables.Method - This study uses autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model.Result - Findings revealed that none of the models was stationary at level but were all stationary at first difference. There is not a short run significant relationship between stock market, capital formation and economic growth in Indonesia. In the long run, capital formation has a significant positive association on economic growth and a negative non-significant relationship between stock market and economic growth in Indonesia.Implication - This research is useful to know the response of Sharia market to monetary policy instruments in Indonesia so that the Sharia stock market strategy is potentially developing in the future to encourage the achievement of characteristics such as An alternative source of financing and investment for economic actors and able to facilitate risk mitigation needs for market participants and able to drive the efficiency of transactions in the market through the improvement of the quality of stock market infrastructure Sharia.  Originality - The update of this research is response of Sharia stock market response to monetary policy instruments in Indonesia that are researched using ARDL models.
Suggestions for improved dependability-related terminology
Authors: Zelentsov В. Р.
Published: June 2021

Aim. This article aims to eliminate the shortcomings associated with the application of the conventional, yet insufficiently substantiated terms in the GOST 27.002-2015 interstate standard. Correct understanding and use of terms are of great significance for the activities of dependability experts.

Methods. Shortcomings in terminology are eliminated by clarifying the definitions of the used terms. Several terms used in this standard were submitted to logical and terminological analysis that is based on statutory requirements and the semantic meanings of such terms. The premises were set forth in [8].

Findings and conclusions. Definitions of several new terms, as well as those that do not meet the identified requirements are suggested: “dependability theory”, “dependability estimation”, “dependability calculation”, etc. The expressed considerations could provide the foundation for the adoption of agreed (com[1]promise) solutions.
Effectiveness retention ratio and its standardization
Authors: Netes V. A.
Published: June 2021

Aim. To promote a better understanding, a wider and more correct application of the effectiveness retention ratio. That is the measure that is best suited for assessing the dependability of complex technical systems, in which partial failures are possible that put a system into intermediate states between complete up and down ones.

Methods. The paper uses the methods of the probability theory and comparative analysis of texts of interstate (Euro-Asian), Russian and international dependability-related standards.

Results. The principal contribution of Russian researchers to the creation and development of methods for applying effectiveness indicators to estimating the dependability of complex systems is pointed out. Shortcomings were identified in the basic dependability-related standards as regards the effectiveness retention ratio and related concepts. Namely, in terminology standard GOST 27.002–2015, the phrases that require improvement are indicated. They relate to the concepts of partial failure, partial up state and partial down state. A broader and more ac[1]curate definition of partial failure is suggested. It is noted that the relationship between partially up and partially down states are to be discussed and clarified. GOST 27.003–2016 that establishes the content and general rules for specifying dependability requirements contains wording errors in the classification of items according to the number of possible (taken into consideration) states and in the examples of possible variants of the effectiveness retention ratio in various branches of technology that are probabilities of task completion, etc. The paper suggests corrections to the appropriate wordings. It has been established that although the effectiveness retention ratio is not referred to in the international dependability-related terminology standard (IEC 60050-192:2015), it implicitly appears in two IEC standards (IEC 61703:2016 and IEC 62673:2013), in which it is assigned to availability measures.

Conclusion. The paper’s findings will be useful to experts involved in the assessment and standardization of complex technical system dependability. Their implementation will help improve interstate, Russian and international dependability-related standards.
Changes in The Nature of social and cultural values; (District Sultanpur,U.P.) INDIA
Authors: Shekhar Upadhyay Dr. Indu , Upadhyay Dr. Veena
Published: June 2021

Caste system is most important for Indian society. The castes found in Sultanpur district are determined on the basis of lineage and karma. The caste system is an important institution of Indian society. It is found not only in Hindu society, but also in Muslim and Christian societies. Intercaste marriage is also slowly becoming prevalent in the society. The caste system provides the basis for various work in the village or local village groups, which is necessary for social life.
Teaching Caste & Reservation in Classroom Setting: Effort towards Anti-oppressive Social Work Practice
Authors: Roy Prof. Sanjoy
Published: June 2021

On the whole and equal representation of the people serve a sense of identity for the nation building for any country in the world. A country of assimilating people across borders is one nation and reflects common sentiments. Therefore communities which are backward education- ally, economically, culturally and in other respects, should be given more priority for their overall development. In India there have been specified many
Identification of Generalized Peptide Regions for Designing Vaccine
Effective for All Significant Mutated Strains of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Biswas Subhamoy , Manna Smarajit , Dey Tathagata , Chatterjee Shreyans , Dey Sumanta
Published: June 2021

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has
become a worldwide pandemic and created an utmost crisis across the globe. To mitigate the crisis, the
design of vaccine is the crucial solution. The frequent mutation of the virus demands generalized
vaccine candidates, which would be effective for all mutated strains at present and for the strains that
would evolve due to further new mutations in the virus.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to identify more frequently occurring mutated variants of
SARS-CoV-2 and to suggest peptide vaccine candidates effective against the viral strains considered.

Method:

In this study, we have identified all currently prevailing mutated strains of SARS-CoV-2
through 2D Polar plot and Quotient Radius (!!) characterization descriptor. Then, by considering the
top eight mutation strains, which are significant due to their frequency of occurrence, peptide regions
suitable for vaccine design have been identified with the help of a mathematical model, 2D Polygon
Representation, followed by the evaluation of epitope potential, ensuring that there is no case of any
autoimmune threat. Lastly, in order to verify whether this entire approach is applicable for vaccine
design against any other virus in general, we have made a comparative study between the peptide
vaccine candidates prescribed for the Zika virus using the current approach and a list of potential
vaccine candidates for the same already established in the past.

Results:

We have finally suggested three generalized peptide regions which would be suitable as
sustainable peptide vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 irrespective of its currently prevailing
strains as well any other variant of the same that may appear in the future. We also observed that
during the comparative study using the case of E protein of Zika virus, the peptide regions suggested
using the new approach that matches with the already established results.

Conclusion:

The study, therefore, illustrates an approach that would help in developing peptide
vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 by suggesting those peptide regions which can be targeted irrespective
of any mutated form of this virus. The consistency with which this entire approach was also able to
figure out similar vaccine candidates for Zika virus with utmost accuracy proves that this protocol can
be extended for peptide vaccine design against any other viruses in the future.
Withdrawal Notice: Fatal Outcomes from COVID-19 in Diabetes Patients and its Management: Impact of Diabetes and Other Comorbidities in COVID-19
Authors: Singh Suruchi , Bhatt Pankaj , Sharma Satish Kumar , Kaur Tejinder
Published: June 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Current Diabetes Reviews, due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Assessment Indicator from Grandmothers' Support Was the Strongest Correlation to Non-Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Young Primiparous Working Mothers
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Choiriyah Muladefi , Rizqiyah Ziadah Nikmatur , Setyoadi Setyoadi , Merdikawati Ayut
Published: June 2021

Primiparous mothers will experience various breastfeeding problems because it is the first experience, especially for working mothers. Therefore, they need to get support from their families, mainly from grandmothers. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the grandmother's support and exclusive breastfeeding for primiparous mothers working. This study, conducted in the Arjowinangun Community Health Center coverage area, Malang, used a cross-sectional study approach. The data collection used purposive sampling and questionnaires. One hundred thirty-two respondents had agreed to participate in this study. The results show that most mothers who choose non-exclusive breastfeeding had received insufficient support. There was a significant and strong correlation between grandmother's support and breastfeeding behavior (p-value = 0.000; r = 0.831), which means that the better the grandmother's support, the better exclusive breastfeeding behavior primiparous working mothers. All the support indicators were sufficient categories. The assessment support was the highest correlation to non-exclusive breastfeeding (r = 0.649). The conclusion is grandmother's support has a significant role in the success of exclusive breastfeeding for working mothers, so breastfeeding assistance by health workers should focus on mothers and families, especially grandmothers.