bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Layers for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing—Effect of the Nanoparticles Shape and Importance of the Graphene Oxide Defects for the Sensitivity
Authors: Pupel Krystian , Jędrzejewski Kacper , Zoladek Sylwia , Palys Marcin , Palys Barbara
Published: January 2025

Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxides (RGOs) show intrinsic electrocatalytic activity towards the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2. Combining these materials with gold nanoparticles results in highly sensitive electrodes, with sensitivity in the nanomolar range because the electrocatalytic properties of GO and nanoparticles are synergistically enhanced. Understanding the factors influencing such synergy is crucial to designing novel catalytically active materials. In this contribution, we study gold nanostructures having shapes of nanospheres (AuNSs), nanourchins (AuNUs), and nanobowls (AuNBs) combined with GO or electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO). We investigate the amperometric responses of the hybrid layers to H2O2. The AuNUs show the highest sensitivity compared to AuNBs and AuNSs. All materials are characterized by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra are deconvoluted by fitting them with five components in the 1000–1800 cm−1 range (D*, D, D”, G, and D′). The interaction between nanoparticles and GO is visualized by the relative intensities of Raman bands (ID/IG) and other parameters in the Raman spectra, like various D”, D* band positions and intensities. The ID/IG parameter is linearly correlated with the sensitivity (R2 = 0.97), suggesting that defects in the graphene structure are significant factors influencing the electrocatalytic H2O2 reduction.
Kinetic Laser Absorption Spectroscopy of Vibrationally Excited Hydroxyl Radicals on Infrared Transitions ν = 3 ← 1 and ν = 4 ← 2
Authors: Plastinina Daria M. , Chesnokov Evgeni N. , Koshlyakov Pavel V. , Krasnoperov Lev N.
Published: January 2025

The kinetics of vibrationally excited OH(ν = 1) and OH(ν = 2) radicals was studied by time-resolved laser absorption in the overtone IR region. Two DFB laser diodes, 1509.3 and 1589 nm, were used. The technique allowed for the reliable study of the vibrational relaxation kinetics as well as the relative populations of the vibrationally excited states. The yields of OH(ν = 1) and OH(ν = 2) in the reaction O(1D) + H2O were determined. The rate constant of OH(ν = 1) relaxation in collision with water molecules was obtained ((9.2 ± 2.0) × 10−12 cm3/s). The dynamics of OH(ν = 1) and OH(ν = 2) populations were analyzed in detail, which made it possible to separately determine the relative contribution of the vibrational ladder relaxation channels OH(ν = 2) → OH(ν = 1) → OH(ν = 0) and the direct relaxation OH(ν = 2) → OH(ν = 0).
Metal-Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications, Optical Properties, and Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Fu Bo , Scardaci Vittorio
Published: January 2025

Metals are known for conductivity and luster due to the abundance of free electrons [...]
Older Adults’ Experiences of Institutional Eating and Dining: A Qualitative Study on Mealtimes in Adult Day Centers
Authors: Avraham Rinat , Lev Natan , Deutsch Jonathan M. , Davidovitch Nadav , Shapira Stav
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: As the global population ages, it is becoming increasingly important to create sustainable, health-promoting environments that support healthy aging. This study explores seniors’ mealtime experiences in adult day centers (ADCs) in southern Israel, focusing on identifying health and well-being needs related to eating and dining behaviors through the lens of the healthy placemaking approach. Methods: Thematic analysis was used to analyze data from focus groups and interviews with ADC attendees and leaders across a multicultural sample of ADCs in southern Israel between April and November 2022. Results: Three main themes emerged from the study: (1) individual-level needs, which are met through meals or during mealtimes and include positive experiences, a sense of empowerment, and the cultivation of warmth and domesticity; (2) social needs, which are addressed through interactions during mealtimes and food-related behaviors, including building social connections, fostering community, and encouraging social engagement; and (3) sustainability, health, and environmental aspects, including promoting a healthy and disease-appropriate diet, alongside addressing ecological and food security concerns. Conclusions: We demonstrate the pivotal role of ADC meals in facilitating social engagement and fostering a sense of community among attendees. Additionally, we highlight the importance of centering attendees’ concerns and needs in the dining experience and promoting their active participation in decision-making processes. Transforming ADC meals through the healthy placemaking approach can promote healthy eating, enhance social interactions, and support sustainable environments.
Assessment of Dietary Sodium, Potassium and Sodium-Potassium Ratio Intake by 72 h Dietary Recall and Comparison with a 24 h Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Dominican Adults
Authors: Durán-Cabral Madeline , Estévez-Santiago Rocío , Winter-Matos Alexandra , García-Estrella Kilsaris , Olmedilla-Alonso Begoña , García-Lithgow Carlos H.
Published: January 2025

Background: PAHO-WHO reports that sodium intake is currently high in the Caribbean. The objective was to estimate sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intakes by 72 h dietary recall and compare them with those obtained from 24 h urinary excretion in Dominican adults. Methods: A total of 69 adults (33 men) completed a 3-day dietary recall with emphasis on added salt and seasonings. The 24 h urine samples were analysed by indirect potentiometry using the membrane ion-selective electrode technique. The WHO-PAHO Questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour toward Dietary Salt and Health was completed. Results: Dietary Na intake ranged from 1.0 to 8.3 g. Median dietary and urinary Na concentrations were similar (2.7 and 2.5 mmol/d). Mean dietary Na and K concretertentrations were higher than those excreted in 24 h urine (133.0 ± 59.7 vs. 103.7 ± 44.5 mmol Na/d, p = 0.001; 69.0 ± 21.0 vs. 36 ± 16.3 mmol K/d, p < 0.001). The Na-to-K ratio was lower in dietary than in 24 h urine samples (2.0 ± 1.1 vs. 3.2 ± 1.6 mmol/d, p < 0.001). Urinary Na concentration was associated with sex (r = 0.280, p = 0.020) and obesity (r = 0.244, p = 0.043) and K with sex (r = 0.356, p = 0.003). Urinary Na-to-K was inversely related to age (r= −0.291, p = 0.015). Sex and obesity explained 11% of the variance in urinary Na concentration and sex only of the variance in urinary K concentration. The only significant correlation between dietary and urinary concentrations was that of K (r = 0.342, p = 0.004). This correlation matrix, controlled for overweight and sex, maintained the level of significance and was equal in almost 12% of the data. Conclusions: These data, which are the first data on Na and K intakes in Dominicans assessed by dietary assessment, showed a higher mean sodium intake (mean of dietary recall and urinary excretion data: 2.7 g Na, 6.8 g salt/day) and a lower K intake (2.06 g/day) than the WHO recommendations (<2.0 g Na, ≥3.5 g K). Potassium, but not sodium, intake from 72 h food recall and 24 h urinary excretion showed a correlation when controlling for sex and obesity, but not enough to consider them interchangeable.
Expanding the Horizons of CAR-T Cell Therapy: A Review of Therapeutic Targets Across Diverse Diseases
Authors: Hernández-López Alejandrina , Olaya-Vargas Alberto , Bustamante-Ogando Juan Carlos , Meneses-Acosta Angélica
Published: January 2025

CAR-T cell therapy has shown promising results in treating malignant hematologic diseases. The principle of this therapy is based on the use of genetically modified T lymphocytes to express a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) on their membrane that specifically recognizes an antigen predominantly expressed on target cells. The molecular design of the CAR, along with advancements in molecular techniques and the development of “omics”, has opened the possibility of discovering new therapeutic targets and thereby expanding the range of diseases treated with CAR-T cells beyond the use of anti-CD19 and anti-BCMA for hematologic cancer. This review summarizes the novel therapeutic targets that are currently used in clinical trials with CAR-T cell therapy on autoimmune diseases and other challenging conditions, such as cardiac fibrosis, and different infections. Additionally, challenges and novel opportunities are discussed for expanding clinical access to this innovative therapy.
Improving the Working Models for Drug–Drug Interactions: Impact on Preclinical and Clinical Drug Development
Authors: Nguyen James , Joseph David , Chen Xin , Armanios Beshoy , Sharma Ashish , Stopfer Peter , Huang Fenglei
Published: January 2025

Background: Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions (DDIs) can be caused by the effect of a pharmaceutical compound on the activity of one or more subtypes of the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), and/or transporters. As the number of therapeutic areas with polypharmacy has increased, interest has grown in assessing the risk of DDIs during the early phases of drug development. Various lines of research have led to improved mathematical models to predict DDIs, culminating in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) guidelines on evaluating pharmacokinetic DDI risks. However, the recommended static models are highly conservative and often result in false positive predictions. The current research aims to improve the workflow for assessing CYP-mediated DDI risk using Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) proprietary compounds. Methods: The Drug–drug Interaction Risk Calculator (PharmaPendium) was used to evaluate the mechanistic static model, and predictions were correlated with human pharmacokinetic studies from Phase I clinical trials. Results: The results demonstrated that the FDA formula performed well in predicting DDIs for BI proprietary compounds. Furthermore, the integration of either human renal excretion or preclinical species total excretion data into the mechanistic static model enhanced the predictive performance for candidate drugs as victims in DDIs. Conclusions: The basic static models (BSMs) for drug interactions should be used in early drug discovery to “rule out” DDI risks because of the minimal inputs required and the low rate of false negative predictions. Mechanistic static models (MSMs) can then be implemented for compounds that require additional evaluation.
Design of Off-Axis Four-Mirror Optical Systems Enabled by Freeform Optics
Authors: Yu Jiadong , Mao Xianglong
Published: January 2025

The off-axis reflective optical system offers several advantages, including the elimination of central obstruction, zero chromatic aberration, and a compact structure. These features make it highly valuable in the domain of space remote sensing. Freeform surfaces transcend the limitations imposed by rotational symmetry, providing significant design flexibility that is particularly effective for correcting non-rotationally symmetric aberrations present in off-axis systems. In this paper, we propose the averaged seed curve extension (A-SCE) method, which facilitates the direct design of an initial structure for freeform off-axis reflective systems. Both focal and afocal off-axis four-mirror freeform optical systems are designed utilizing the A-SCE method, demonstrating an enhanced capability for initial structure design. The results indicate excellent optical performance while maintaining relatively loose processing and assembly tolerances for both systems, thereby enhancing the facilitation of practical implementation.
Impact of Mycorrhiza Inoculations and Iron Amino Chelate on Growth and Physiological Changes of Cucumber Seedlings Across Different pH Levels
Authors: Mohammadnia Saber , Haghighi Maryam , Mozafarian Maryam , Geösel András
Published: January 2025

Cucumber, a vital greenhouse crop, thrives in soils with a pH range of 5.5–6.5, yet the combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and iron amino chelates on its growth and physiological responses across varying pH levels remain underexplored. This study used a factorial design in a completely randomized setup with three replications and was conducted at the Horticulture Department of Isfahan University of Technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AMF inoculation (Glomus mosseae) and iron amino chelates on the growth and physiological responses of cucumber plants at various pH levels. Treatments included two levels of AMF inoculation (non-inoculated as m1 and inoculated as m2), three levels of iron concentration (f1: no iron, f2: Johnson’s nutrient solution, f3: Johnson’s solution with iron amino chelate), and three pH levels (pH 5 (p1), pH 7 (p2), and pH 8 (p3)). The moisture was maintained at field capacity throughout the study. The results demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation at pH 7 significantly improved key traits, including chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, phenol content, and antioxidant activity. Mycorrhizal inoculation combined with 2 ppm of Fe amino chelate at pH 7 led to the highest improvement in shoot fresh weight of cucumber and physiological traits. However, at pH 7 without mycorrhiza, stress indicators such as ABA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) increased, highlighting the protective role of AMF under neutral pH conditions. In contrast, pH 5 was most effective for enhancing root and stem fresh weight. The lower pH may have facilitated better nutrient solubility and uptake, promoting root development and overall plant health by optimizing the availability of essential nutrients and reducing competition for resources under more acidic conditions. These findings highlight the potential of combining mycorrhizal inoculation with iron amino chelates at pH 7 not only to enhance cucumber growth and resilience in nutrient-limited environments but also to contribute to sustainable agricultural practices that address global challenges in food security and soil health.
Abscisic Acid Can Play a Dual Role in the Triticum aestivum–Stagonospora nodorum Pathosystem
Authors: Veselova Svetlana , Nuzhnaya Tatyana , Burkhanova Guzel , Rumyantsev Sergey , Maksimov Igor
Published: January 2025

Abscisic acid (ABA) is not only important for plant responses to abiotic stresses, but also plays a key and multifaceted role in plant immunity. In this work, we analyzed the role of ABA in the development of resistance/susceptibility in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–Stagonospora nodorum Berk. pathosystem, which includes the recognition of the necrotic effectors (NEs) of a pathogen by the corresponding wheat susceptibility genes. We studied the interaction of the S. nodorum SnB isolate, which produces two NEs, SnToxA and SnTox3, with three wheat genotypes having different combinations of the corresponding host susceptibility genes (Tsn1 and Snn3-B1). The results of this work on the gene expression and redox status of resistant and sensitive wheat genotypes treated with ABA show that ABA signaling is directed at inducing the resistance of wheat plants to S. nodorum SnB isolate through the activation of the early post-invasive defense genes TaERD15 and TaABI5. The induction of the expression of these genes leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during the early stage of infection, with the subsequent limitation of the pathogen’s growth. In the presence of a compatible interaction of SnTox3–Snn3-B1, ABA signaling is suppressed. On the contrary, in the presence of a compatible interaction of SnToxA–Tsn1, ABA signaling is activated, but the activity of the early post-invasive defense genes TaERD15 and TaABI5 is inhibited, and the expression of the NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factor (TF) family genes TaNAC29 and TaNAC21/22 is induced. The TF genes TaNAC29 and TaNAC21/22 in the presence of SnToxA induce the development of the susceptibility of wheat plants to S. nodorum SnB, associated with a decrease in the oxidative burst during the early stage of infection. Thus, our study provides new data on the role of the NEs SnTox3 and SnToxA in manipulating ABA signaling in the development of the susceptibility of wheat to S. nodorum. Deepening our knowledge in this area will be instrumental for developing new strategies for breeding programs and will contribute to the development of environmentally friendly sustainable agriculture.
Deciphering of Genomic Loci Associated with Alkaline Tolerance in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] by Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Yang Xinjing , Zhang Ye , Bhat Javaid Akhter , Wang Mingjing , Zheng Huanbin , Bu Moran , Zhao Beifang , Yang Suxin , Feng Xianzhong
Published: January 2025

Alkaline stress is one of the major abiotic constraints that limits plant growth and development. However, the genetic basis underlying alkaline tolerance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] remains largely unexplored. In this study, an integrated genomic analysis approach was employed to elucidate the genetic architecture of alkaline tolerance in a diverse panel of 326 soybean cultivars. Through association mapping, we detected 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with alkaline tolerance. By examining the genomic distances around these significant SNPs, five genomic regions were characterized as stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which were designated as qAT1, qAT4, qAT14, qAT18, and qAT20. These QTLs are reported here for the first time in soybean. Seventeen putative candidate genes were identified within the physical intervals of these QTLs. Haplotype analysis indicated that four of these candidate genes exhibited significant allele variation associated with alkaline tolerance-related traits, and the haplotype alleles for these four genes varied in number from two to four. The findings of this study may have important implications for soybean breeding programs aimed at enhancing alkaline tolerance.
Silicon Nutrition Improves Lodging Resistance of Rice Under Dry Cultivation
Authors: Jiang Hao , Jiang Zixian , Zhang Hongcheng , Li Yunzhe , Li Wanchun , Gao Kaiyu , Ma Xintong , Wang Guan , Wei Xiaoshuang , Wu Zhihai
Published: January 2025

Silicon (Si) has been proven to enhance the stress resistance of rice, but its effect on the lodging resistance of rice under dry cultivation (DCR) is still unclear. The purpose of this experiment is to clarify the appropriate amount of silicon fertilizer for DCR to resist lodging and to elucidate how it coordinates lodging resistance and yield. This experiment used the ‘Suigeng 18’ cultivar as the material and set six silicon fertilizers (SiO2) with dosages of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 kg·ha−1 (Si0, Si1, Si2, Si3, Si4, Si5). Analyze the effects and key indicators of silicon on lodging resistance of DCR from the perspectives of plant weight distribution, stem structure and composition, and root architecture. The results showed that the Si3 treatment had the highest yield and the lowest lodging index (LI). Si3 increases the weight of the upper three leaves and 4–5 internodes, thereby promoting panicle weight and yield. An increase of 13.38% in 2/3PWSI (weight of the 4th–5th stems and upper three leaves/weight of the 1st–3rd stems and lower leaves) can reflect the promoting effect of silicon on stem and leaf development near the panicle. Si3 reduces the GA/IAA value, shortens the length of the second internode, and increases the diameters of the major and minor axes, thereby increasing culm thickness and section modulus (SM), achieving the effect of “short and thick”. Si3 also increases the content of silicon and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in the second internode, and increases lignin and cellulose content by upregulating the expression levels of CAD7, PAL, COMT, and CesA4 genes, thereby increasing fullness and flexural strength (M), achieving “short, thick, and strong” and reducing LI. The 38.95% reduction in IFL (second internode length/fullness) reflects the positive effect of silicon on the “short, thick, and strong” stem. In the underground part, adding silicon reduces the CTK/IAA value of roots, and increases root length, root tip number, root surface area, and root weight. The key to coordinating the lodging resistance and yield of DCR with appropriate silicon dosage is to reduce the IFL in the second internode and increase 2/3 PWSI and root growth. The key to DCR and breeding is to focus on the relationship between basal internode length and fullness, as well as stem and leaf growth near the panicle.
Three-Dimensional-Printed Photopolymer Resin Materials: A Narrative Review on Their Production Techniques and Applications in Dentistry
Authors: Yüceer Özge Mine , Kaynak Öztürk Esra , Çiçek Elif Su , Aktaş Nagehan , Bankoğlu Güngör Merve
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) has transformed dentistry by providing solutions with high precision and accuracy achieved through digital workflows, which facilitate the creation of intricate and personalized structures. Additionally, 3D printing promotes cost efficiency by reducing material waste and errors while enabling on-demand production, minimizing the need for extensive inventories. Recent advancements in 3D-printed resin materials have enhanced their clinical applications by improving mechanical strength, biocompatibility, esthetics, and durability. These innovations have facilitated the fabrication of complex and patient-specific structures, such as dental prostheses, surgical guides, and orthodontic appliances, while significantly reducing production time and material waste. Ongoing research and innovation are expected to strengthen resin properties, including strength, translucency, and durability, broadening their clinical applications. The ongoing evolution of 3D printing technology is poised to play a critical role in driving personalized treatments, streamlining clinical workflows, and shaping the future of dental care. This narrative review comprehensively examines the production techniques and clinical applications of 3D-printed photopolymer resins across various dental specialties, including prosthodontics, orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, maxillofacial surgery, periodontology, endodontics, and conservative dentistry. Additionally, the review provides insight into the transformative impact of these technologies on patient care, highlights existing challenges, and suggests future directions for advancing resin properties and their integration into routine dental practice.
THz Shielding Properties of Optically Transparent PEDOT:PSS/AgNW Composite Films and Their Sandwich Structures
Authors: Voronin Anton , Bril’ Il’ya , Pavlikov Alexander , Makeev Mstislav , Mikhalev Pavel , Parshin Bogdan , Fadeev Yuri , Khodzitsky Mikhail , Simunin Mikhail , Khartov Stanislav
Published: January 2025

The modern pace of scientific and technological development dictates unprecedented requirements for the speed of information transfer. The THz range is considered one of the most promising and has been actively developing in recent years. Along with the need to develop transmitting devices, the demand for shielding materials in this range, including transparent ones, is also growing. In this work, we present two types of composite films based on silver nanowires and PEDOT:PSS. We characterized these composite films in terms of optoelectrical parameters, as well as shielding characteristics in the THz range. We found that our composite films have a sheet resistance (R□) of about 8.6 ± 1.2 Ω/□ with a transparency of about 83.41% and shielding efficiency is 25.85 dB in the THz region, which makes them excellent candidates for transparent shielding materials. We also made a bilayer sandwich structure from these composite films, which showed a shielding efficiency of about 49.34 dB in the range of 0.2–0.8 THz with a transparency of 66.33%. In addition, we assessed the possibility of real application of the structures in terms of stability to external conditions. Our composite films sustain atmospheric corrosion and maintain stable sheet resistance for 30 days.
Review of Research on Hydrostatic Transmission Systems and Control Strategies
Authors: Fan Qingkai , Zhang Juxin , Li Ruichuan , Fan Tongxian
Published: January 2025

In response to the issues of low energy recovery efficiency, single- and low-capacity energy storage methods, and insufficiently diverse control strategies in hydrostatic transmission systems, this paper analyzes hydrostatic systems from the perspectives of hydraulic principles and control strategies. Hydrostatic transmission systems are divided into three types: pump-controlled hydraulic systems, secondary regulation hydraulic systems, and adaptive regulation systems. The design concepts and working principles of hydraulic systems are discussed, and the control strategies for hydrostatic transmission systems are categorized into torque control, fuzzy control, and optimal control strategies. Operating conditions are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of traditional control strategies are compared. The results show that utilizing techniques such as adaptive regulation to reduce the loss of energy in the transfer process and in the transformation of secondary components, as well as combining a variety of methods for integrated control, can effectively improve the efficiency of these systems. The development direction of hydrostatic transmission systems is also discussed, including further development into oil–hydraulic hybrid systems, utilization of artificial intelligence technology and network technology, optimized design concepts, and the intelligence of hydrostatic transmission systems.
A Study on ESG Evaluation Indicators Through Chemical Accident Data Analysis and Double Materiality Assessment
Authors: Yoon Cheolhee , Kwak Hyunjun , Jung Seungho
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on identifying key factors that companies should prioritize to prevent chemical accidents from an ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) perspective. ESG provides insight into corporate sustainability by comprehensively considering both external impacts and internal risks. To achieve this, this study applied a scoring approach based on double materiality, assessing both internal and external impacts. The assessment process involved data collection, categorization of accident causes, score calculation, and prioritization of safety management items. Data from chemical accident statistics revealed that mechanical integrity, human factors, and preventive maintenance were the primary causes across all three countries. Internal impacts were evaluated by accident severity and frequency, while external impacts considered casualties and management priorities. Internal impact results showed mechanical integrity as critical in the U.S., preventive maintenance in the U.K., and human factors in Republic of Korea. For external impacts, human factors were most critical in Republic of Korea. To prioritize safety management elements for chemical accident prevention from an ESG perspective, this study categorized them into three tiers. Tier 1 represents the most critical elements requiring urgent attention, while Tier 3 includes the least critical elements. This tier classification is intended not as an absolute ranking but as a general reference for identifying overall trends in safety management priorities. Tier 1 included the U.K.’s preventive maintenance and human factors across all countries, with Republic of Korea’s human factors being the most vulnerable. Tier 2 revealed operating procedures and human factors as critical, with U.S. emergency preparedness and U.K. design highlighted. Tier 3, with impact scores below 1, was safest. These findings effectively identified safety management priorities to enhance accident prevention.
Evaluating Nitrogen Gas Injection Performance for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractured Basement Complex Reservoirs: Experiments and Modeling Approaches
Authors: Jia Ying , Ouyang Jingqi , Xu Feng , Gao Xiaocheng , Zhang Juntao , Liu Shiliang , Li Da
Published: January 2025

This study explored the effectiveness of gas injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in fractured basement complex reservoirs, combining laboratory experiments with numerical simulation analyses. The experiments simulated typical field conditions, focusing on understanding the interaction between the injected gas and the reservoir’s fracture–matrix system. The laboratory results showed that under the current reservoir pressure and temperature conditions, nitrogen gas flooding in the fractured matrix achieved a superior oil recovery efficiency compared to that of the other gases tested (CO2, APG, and oxygen-reduced air), exhibiting the most favorable movable oil saturation range and the lowest residual oil saturation. To evaluate the performance of nitrogen gas injection in a fractured basement complex reservoir, a 3D reservoir model with complex natural fractures was built in a numerical reservoir simulator. Special methods were required for the geological modeling and reservoir simulation, with the specific principles outlined. Numerical simulations of gas injection into fractured basement complex reservoirs revealed that cyclic gas injection was identified as the most effective strategy, balancing incremental oil recovery with minimized gas channeling risks. This study demonstrated that the optimal injection location and rate are crucial factors affecting the recovery performance. These findings provided actionable insights for implementing gas injection EOR strategies in fractured basement complex reservoirs, highlighting the importance of optimizing the injection parameters to maximize the recovery.
Preparation of Silver Molybdate-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Using Ionic Liquids for High-Performance Energy Storage Application: A Greener Approach
Authors: Boominathan Catherin Meena , Aloui Zouhaier , Selvaraj Manickam , Moholkar Annasaheb V. , Koventhan Chelliah , Lo An-Ya , Huang Yi-Jen
Published: January 2025

Achieving high energy density while maintaining high power density and long cycle life in supercapacitors, particularly in supercapatteries (SCs), through a thermally stable, greener ionic liquid approach remains a significant challenge for an advanced energy storage application. In this work, we prepared high conductive and high charge storage capability bimetallic transition metal molybdate [Ag2Mo2O7 (AgM)], synergistic with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated on nickel foam (AgM/rGO/NF). The physio-chemical characterization revealed a ball-like cluster morphology wrapped in rGO nanosheets and a spinel-type cubic structure using scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) displays and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Further, the electrochemical performance of AgM/rGO/NF electrode achieved a remarkable specific Csp value of 573.63 F/g at a current density of 1.0 A/g in 3 M KOH electrolyte. An asymmetric SCs (ASCs) device was fabricated using AgM/rGO/NF as the positive and rGO as the negative electrodes, achieving a wide potential window of 1.3 V. The ASC demonstrated an energy density of 16.71 Wh/kg at a power density of 642.98 W/kg, highlighting AgM/rGO/NF’s potential as an advanced electrode material for energy storage applications.
Identity and Self-Positioning of the Community of Sant’Egidio: A Faith-Based Organization on the International Stage
Authors: Nadziak Michał
Published: January 2025

Religion in international relations should not be viewed solely as a source of conflict or cultural differences; it also has a constructive dimension, as demonstrated by the international activities of faith-based organizations (FBOs). FBOs have benefited from the post-Cold War expansion of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in global affairs. Their growth is often linked to raising awareness among various social groups about security challenges or issues traditionally addressed by state and inter-governmental actors, as well as increasing international interconnectedness. While FBOs differ from classical NGOs in their strong religious motivation, they too often organize around specific missions or messages. The Community of Sant’Egidio (CSE) is a distinctive example of a faith-based organization that operates both as a religious community within the Roman Catholic Church and as an internationally active NGO. Unlike many NGOs, which are founded in response to a singular issue, CSE has broadened its scope over time, addressing a wide range of concerns, from poverty alleviation and peacebuilding to humanitarian aid and, more recently, environmental issues. This paper explores the process by which the CSE has discursively constructed its identity and examines how this process has contributed to its growing influence on the international stage.
The Growth of Korea Soka Gakkai International (KSGI) and Its Civic Engagement in the Socio-Historical Context
Authors: Yoo Kwang Suk
Published: January 2025

This paper examines how and why Korea Soka Gakkai International (KSGI) has grown rapidly in the Korean religious market. Although Soka Gakkai was introduced to Korea as a Nichiren Shoshu lay community in the 1960s, KSGI has achieved remarkable growth without the structurally covert and organizationally authoritative control typical of traditional elite Buddhism. This fact is significant in both theory and practice, as lay movements have historically not been very successful in Korean religions. Focusing on the paradoxical affinity between secular civic movements and religious lay movements, this paper explains why and how KSGI had to combine the two movements in a socio-historical context different from that of its Japanese partner, which established a public political party, the Komeito, and formed a coalition government with other parties. As a result, this paper reveals the following findings: first, KSGI’s nonpolitical civic engagement led to a more effective growth strategy tailored to the Korean socio-historical context. Second, the Korean government’s policy of opening up to Japanese culture since the 2000s played a significant role in the growth of KSGI. Third, the spread of civil movements in Korea contributed to enhancing KSGI’s social adaptability and credibility.
Enhancing Calibration Precision in MIMO Radar with Initial Parameter Optimization
Authors: Kwon Yonghwi , Seo Kanghyuk , Kim Chul Ki
Published: January 2025

For Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs), lots of researchers have been constantly researching various devices that can become the eyes of a vehicle. Currently represented devices are LiDAR, camera, and radar. This paper suggests one of the operation processes to study radar, which can be used regardless of climate change or weather, day or night. Thus, we propose a simple and easy calibration method for Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) radar to guarantee performance with initial calibration parameters. Based on a covariance matrix, the modified signals of all channels improve performance, reducing unexpected interferences. Therefore, using the proposed coupling matrix, we can reduce unexpected interference and generate accurately calibrated results. To prove and verify the improvement in our method, a practical experiment is conducted with Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) MIMO radar, mounted on an automotive.
Correlation Study of Auroral Currents with External Parameters During 10–12 October 2024 Superstorm
Authors: Xia Xiaotong , Hu Xue , Wang Hui , Zhang Kedeng
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the correlations between field-aligned currents (FACs), polar electrojets (PEJs), and external solar and geomagnetic activity parameters during the intense geomagnetic storm that occurred from 10 to 12 October 2024. Notably, the merging electric field (Em) had a greater impact on FACs and PEJs compared to the May 2024 storm, while the influence of solar wind pressure (Pd) was equally important in both storms. The peak FAC densities in the northern dawn (southern dusk) and nighttime sectors correlate strongly with Em, whereas Pd dominates in the northern dusk (southern dawn) and daytime sectors. For PEJs, Em correlates strongly with current densities in the northern dawn–dusk and southern nighttime sectors, while Pd is the primary correlated parameter on the dayside. FAC (PEJ) latitudes are most strongly influenced by Em (Pd or Dst) on the dawnside–duskside. Additionally, FACs and PEJs are mostly more intense on the dawnside than on the duskside and extend to lower latitudes at dusk than at dawn. Analysis of the May and October 2024 storms reveals that FACs in the summer hemisphere are generally stronger and situated at more poleward latitudes than those in the winter hemisphere. This pattern is largely driven by summer–winter variations in ionospheric conductivity, with some differences also arising from the asymmetric magnetic field geometry between the two hemispheres.
Radar Scattering Analysis of Multi-Scale Complex Targets by Fast VSBR-MoM Method in Urban Scenes
Authors: Cong Zhou , Gu Jihong , Zhang Ying , Yang Jie , Ding Dazhi
Published: January 2025

An innovative and efficient hybrid technique, which combines the Method of Moments (MoM) with Volume Meshed Shooting and Bouncing Ray (VSBR), is presented to analyze the scattering of metallic–dielectric mixed multi-scale structures in urban scenes. Additionally, the technique can rapidly generate radar images at different angles, which is useful for the video remote sensing community. By dividing the mixed multi-scale targets into sub-regions, different solvers are employed to compute the scattering contributions based on their varying electrical sizes. For large-scale sub-regions, the VSBR method is employed on both the medium and metal parts, leading to a multilevel electromagnetic field including both the direct induced field and the multi-reflection field. This field contributes to the integral equation in the MoM sub-regions. Additionally, interactions from the MoM region are considered within the VSBR region, followed by a surface current integration to compute the scattered field. When addressing mixed multi-scale electromagnetic problems, this technique proves to be more efficient and easier to implement in general-purpose computer codes. Furthermore, this method is accelerated using the local coupling (LC) theory and fast multipole method (FMM). Using this fast computational method, efficient simulation results of radar images at different angles for the scenes can be obtained and the numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Multi-Observer Fusion Based Minimal-Sensor Adaptive Control for Ship Dynamic Positioning Systems
Authors: Wu Yanbin , He Xiaomeng , Shi Linlong , Dong Shengli
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes an adaptive dynamic positioning (DP) control method based on a multi-observer fusion architecture with minimal sensor requirements. A sliding mode observer is designed based on a high- and low-frequency superposition model to filter high-frequency state variables, while a finite-time convergence disturbance observer estimates unknown time-varying low-frequency disturbances online. For efficient handling of model uncertainties, a single-parameter learning neural network is implemented that requires only one parameter to be estimated online. The control system employs auxiliary dynamic systems to handle input saturation constraints and considers thruster system dynamics. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the stability of the observer-fusion control strategy, while simulation results based on the SimuNPS platform validate its effectiveness in state estimation and disturbance rejection compared to traditional sensor-dependent methods.
Estimation of Pressure Pain in the Lower Limbs Using Electrodermal Activity, Tissue Oxygen Saturation, and Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Kim Youngho , Pyo Seonggeon , Lee Seunghee , Park Changeon , Song Sunghyuk
Published: January 2025

Quantification of pain or discomfort induced by pressure is essential for understanding human responses to physical stimuli and improving user interfaces. Pain research has been conducted to investigate physiological signals associated with discomfort and pain perception. This study analyzed changes in electrodermal activity (EDA), tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), heart rate variability (HRV), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) under pressures of 10, 20, and 30 kPa applied for 3 min to the thigh, knee, and calf in a seated position. Twenty participants were tested, and relationships between biosignals, pressure intensity, and pain levels were evaluated using Friedman tests and post-hoc analyses. Multiple linear regression models were used to predict VAS and pressure, and five machine learning models (SVM, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, MLP, KNN) were applied to classify pain levels (no pain: VAS 0, low: VAS 1–3, moderate: VAS 4–6, high: VAS 7–10) and pressure intensity. The results showed that higher pressure intensity and pain levels affected sympathetic nervous system responses and tissue oxygen saturation. Most EDA features and StO2 significantly changed according to pressure intensity and pain levels, while NN interval and HF among HRV features showed significant differences based on pressure intensity or pain level. Regression analysis combining biosignal features achieved a maximum R2 of 0.668 in predicting VAS and pressure intensity. The four-level classification model reached an accuracy of 88.2% for pain levels and 81.3% for pressure intensity. These results demonstrated the potential of EDA, StO2, HRV signals, and combinations of biosignal features for pain quantification and prediction.
CDKD-w+: A Keyframe Recognition Method for Coronary Digital Subtraction Angiography Video Sequence Based on w+ Space Encoding
Authors: Zhu Yong , Li Haoyu , Xiao Shuai , Yu Wei , Shang Hongyu , Wang Lin , Liu Yang , Wang Yin , Yang Jiachen
Published: January 2025

Currently, various deep learning methods can assist in medical diagnosis. Coronary Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is a medical imaging technology used in cardiac interventional procedures. By employing X-ray sensors to visualize the coronary arteries, it generates two-dimensional images from any angle. However, due to the complexity of the coronary structures, the 2D images may sometimes lack sufficient information, necessitating the construction of a 3D model. Camera-level 3D modeling can be realized based on deep learning. Nevertheless, the beating of the heart results in varying degrees of arterial vasoconstriction and vasodilation, leading to substantial discrepancies between DSA sequences, which introduce errors in 3D modeling of the coronary arteries, resulting in the inability of the 3D model to reflect the coronary arteries. We propose a coronary DSA video sequence keyframe recognition method, CDKD-w+, based on w+ space encoding. The method utilizes a pSp encoder to encode the coronary DSA images, converting them into latent codes in the w+ space. Differential analysis of inter-frame latent codes is employed for heartbeat keyframe localization, aiding in coronary 3D modeling. Experimental results on a self-constructed coronary DSA heartbeat keyframe recognition dataset demonstrate an accuracy of 97%, outperforming traditional metrics such as L1, SSIM, and PSNR.
Residual Attention-Based Image Fusion Method with Multi-Level Feature Encoding
Authors: Li Hao , Yang Tiantian , Wang Runxiang , Li Cuichun , Zhou Shuyu , Guo Xiqing
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a novel image fusion method designed to enhance the integration of infrared and visible images through the use of a residual attention mechanism. The primary objective is to generate a fused image that effectively combines the thermal radiation information from infrared images with the detailed texture and background information from visible images. To achieve this, we propose a multi-level feature extraction and fusion framework that encodes both shallow and deep image features. In this framework, deep features are utilized as queries, while shallow features function as keys and values within a residual cross-attention module. This architecture enables a more refined fusion process by selectively attending to and integrating relevant information from different feature levels. Additionally, we introduce a dynamic feature preservation loss function to optimize the fusion process, ensuring the retention of critical details from both source images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing fusion techniques across various quantitative metrics and delivers superior visual quality.
Purified Clinoptilolite-Tuff as a Trap for Amines Associated with Chronic Wounds: Binding of Cadaverine, Putrescine, Histamines and Polyamines
Authors: El-Kasaby Ali , Nanoff Christian , Nizet Stephane , Tschegg Cornelius , Freissmuth Michael
Published: January 2025

Ulcerous lesions can arise in primary skin cancers and upon infiltration of the skin by malignant cells originating from other organs. These malignant fungating wounds are difficult to treat, and they cause pain, itching and malodor. Distressing malodor imposes a major burden on patients. The carrion odor of decaying tissue is—at least in part—due to the bacterial breakdown products cadaverine and putrescine. Here, we examined the binding of cadaverine, histamine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine to the preparation of micronized purified clinoptilolite-tuff (PCT) by relying on three radiolabeled tracers ([3H]cadaverine, [3H]histamine and [3H]spermidine). Binding was rapid, stable and of high capacity. The binding affinities were in the low µM range. Displacement experiments indicated that the binding sites were non-equivalent. These three properties combined to support effective binding for any given ligand in the presence of the expected, submillimolar concentrations of competing ligands. This was further verified by measuring the binding of [3H]cadaverine in the presence of wound drainage fluids. [3H]Cadaverine was effectively adsorbed by a wound dressing, into which purified clinoptilolite-tuff had been incorporated: the observed binding capacity of this wound dressing was consistent with its content of purified clinoptilolite-tuff. Based on these findings, we propose that purified clinoptilolite-tuff be further investigated as a means to control malodor emanating from chronic wounds.
Antimicrobial Steroids from Poisonous Mushroom Gymnopilus orientispectabilis and Their Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Jung Bowon , Heo Eun Jin , Nguyen Dieu Linh , Youn Ui Joung , Kim Ki Hyun , Son Boram , Lee Seulah
Published: January 2025

In this study, three fungal steroids (1–3) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the poisonous mushroom Gymnopilus orientispectabilis, based on bioactivity-guided isolation methods. The chemical structures of the isolates (1–3) were determined using NMR spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1–3 exhibited inhibition activity against E. coli, and their interactions with several bacterial drug targets were studied via in silico molecular docking, where the lowest binding energies were observed for penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) (−62.89, −75.89 and −74.47 kcal/mol, for compounds 1, 2 and 3, respectively). An MD simulation was performed to examine the conformational stability, motion and flexibility of protein–ligand complexes. In conclusion, this study investigates fungal steroids from G. orientaspectabilis as potential sources for new antimicrobial agents, encouraging further research to develop novel therapies.