bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiefdom
Authors: Skalník Peter
Published: October 2007

This article addresses the question of the universality of chiefdom as a political form that displays surprising longevity as a viable alternative to the state. Data from research on Africa show that chiefdom is a suitable generic term for the political centralization, which comprises 'kingdoms'. A New Indirect Rule, based on a balance between the chiefdom-like structures and the post-colonial state, could be a truly democratic solution for the protracted crisis of modern statehood in areas where it was imposed on consesual communities. The chiefdom model should also be tested on data about face-to-face non-state politics in contemporary societies. The purpose of the article is to call for a new generation of research on politics liberated from the teleology of the state.
The dangerous politics of identity
Authors: Doja Albert
Published: October 2007

Ger Duijzings, Religion and the politics of identity in Kosovo, London: Hurst, 2000, xv + 238 pp., ISBN 0231120990.
Book Reviews
Authors: de Jonge Huub , Płonka Tomasz , Byron Reginald , Jakubowska Longina , Horst Cindy , ten Brummelhuis Han , Boissevain Jeremy
Published: October 2007

Albert Schrauwers, Colonial ‘reformation’ in the highlands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, 1892–1995

Chris Gosden, Anthropology and archaeology: a changing relationship

Jane Nadel-Klein, Fishing for heritage: modernity and loss along the Scottish coast

’Aref Abu-Rabi’a, Bedouin century: education and development among the Negev Bedouin in the twentieth century

Marc Sommers, Fear in Bongoland: Burundi refugees in urban Tanzania

Richard Parker, Beneath the Equator: cultures of desire, male homosexuality, and emerging gay communities in Brazil

Klaus Eder and Maria Kousis (eds.), Environmental politics in Southern Europe: actors, institutions and discourses in a Europeanizing society
Concrete transnationalism?
Authors: Löfgren Orvar
Published: October 2007

In 2000 the bridge across Öresund linking Denmark and Sweden was finally opened. The bridge may appear as a classic, modernist piece of planning and technology, but the actual construction of the bridge coincided with the boom years of 'the new economy'. The ways in which the construction was organized and staged very much came to mirror some important trends of that new economy, including many of its buzz words. Over the years it became more and more unclear what actually was going on: a bridge construction or EU-invocations of a future transnational metropolis. This bridge project was densely inhabited by visions, dreams and expectations: there was so much this bridge could do. The article follows the various stages of the bridge project, from early dreams and plans, over the actual construction phase, to the grand opening ceremonies and finally the difficult transition into an everyday transport machine. I discuss the ways in which engineering and imagineering became intertwined and also how a transnational project like this made the nation state more visible and tangible.
The influence of polystyrene and polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofiber on the intensity of photoluminescence of fluorescent whitening agents
Authors: Wang Shugang , Yang Qingbiao , Bai Jie , Du Jianshi , Li Yaoxian
Published: October 2007

1‐(o‐Cyanostyryl)‐4‐(p‐cyanostyryl) benzene (EB) and 1,4‐bis(o‐cyanostyryl) benzene (ER) were two fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) widely used in textile industry. The major subject in this work was to investigate whether EB and ER could be introduced into polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofiber by electrospinning. Another aim of this work was to detect the intensity of photoluminescence (IPL) of EB and ER in the nanofiber of PS and PVP. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the diameter of the obtained nanofiber ranged from 74 to 366 nm. The ultraviolet (UV) spectra demonstrated that EB and ER existed in PS and PVP nanofiber. In addition, the concentrations of EB and ER in PS and PVP nanofiber were calculated according to the determination of UV spectra. Moreover, the IPLs of EB and ER in PS nanofiber increased magnificently, especially EB in PS nanofiber. On the contrary, the IPLs of these two FWAs in PVP nanofiber decreased remarkably. This information might be useful in the application for textile industry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Uniaxially aligned poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐bithiophene] thin films characterized by the X‐ray diffraction pole figure technique
Authors: Werzer Oliver , Matoy Kurt , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Rothmann Michael M. , Strohriegl Peter , Resel Roland
Published: October 2007

Aligned thin films of the liquid‐crystalline polymer poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐bithiophene] were prepared, and the correlation between the optical anisotropy and the structural properties was shown. A series of samples with different thicknesses were prepared via a spin‐casting process on rubbed polyimide surfaces. The alignment of the polymer chains was obtained by a temperature treatment just below the clearing temperature. The degree of alignment was investigated with ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and in‐plane X‐ray diffraction. Independently, each technique revealed Hermans orientation functions in the range of 0.75–0.8. Surprisingly, a layer‐thickness dependence was not observed. In addition, the X‐ray diffraction pole figure technique revealed that the polymer chains were uniaxially aligned along the rubbing direction. The aligned films were in the nematic state, with the director elongated along the rubbing direction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis and crystallization behavior of acetal copolymer/silica nanocomposite by in situ cationic ring‐opening copolymerization of trioxane and 1,3‐dioxolane
Authors: Sun Lanhui , Yang Zhen‐Guo , Li Xiaohui
Published: October 2007

The acetal copolymer/silica nanocomposite was prepared by in situ bulk cationic copolymerization of trioxane and 1,3‐dioxolane in the presence of nanosilica. The crystallization behavior of acetal copolymer/silica nanocomposite was studied by AFM, DSC, XRD, and CPOM, and the macromolecular structure of acetal copolymer/silica nanocomposite was characterized by FTIR and 1H‐NMR. The 1H‐NMR results showed that the macromolecular chain of acetal copolymer had more than two consecutive 1,3‐dioxolane units in an oxymethylene main chain, while that of acetal copolymer/silica nanocomposite had only one 1,3‐dioxolane unit in an oxymethylene main chain. There existed interaction between the macromolecular chains and nanoparticles (such as hydrogen bonds and coordination). On one hand, nanoparticles acted as nucleation center, which accelerated the crystallization rate but reduced the crystallinity. The spherulite sizes also decreased with addition of nanoparticles attributed to the nucleation effect. On the other hand, the presence of nanoparticles interrupted the spherical symmetry of the crystallite. In conclusion, the high surface energy and small scale of nanoparticles have a prominent impact on the polymerization mechanism and crystallization behavior of nanocomposite. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of core structure on the fluorescence properties of hyperbranched poly(phenylene sulfide)
Authors: Xu Ranglei , Liu Hewen , Liu Shiyong , Li Yuesheng , Shi Wenfang
Published: October 2007

We functionalize the focal group of hyperbranched poly(phenylene sulfide) (HPPS) with benzyl, phenyl, and naphthyl group, respectively. DSC analysis shows that Tg of HPPS is increased from 55 to 93°C by functionalization of the focal group with a conjugated naphthyl group. The fluorescence properties of the three core‐functionalized HPPS' are studied under the comparison with the original HPPS. Functionalization by a non‐conjugated benzyl group has no effects on the fluorescence properties of HPPS at all. Both the phenyl‐cored and the naphthyl‐cored HPPS' give rise to a new highly polarized fluorescent peak around 500 nm due to the formation of intermolecular excimers with encumbered molecular rotation. Differing from the often reported significant increase in core fluorescence due to the so‐called “antenna effect,” the fluorescence of HPPS backbones is drastically enhanced after functionalization of the cores with naphthyl groups that is 10‐ to 18‐fold higher than the original HPPS' depending on the molecular weights of HPPS'. The phenyl‐cored HPPS does not show a notable increase in fluorescence intensities compared with the original HPPS. The clear comparison results are rationalized by the restriction of intramolecular rotations of the naphthyl cores against the HPPS periphery. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
‘Wigging people out’: youth music practice and mediated communities
Authors: Bloustien Gerry
Published: October 2007

This paper explores the use of integrated media in the cultural practices of young people, not only as a manifestation of the new economy ‘on the ground’ but also for its vitally important function of developing a stronger sense of social identity and social cohesion, and for self‐making (Battaglia,1995) and community building in the contemporary world of blended work and leisure. I argue that young people's use of convergent media forms—music, mobile phones, blogging, websites, the Internet, desktop publishing, digital cameras—can also bring to the fore new forms of agency, networking, collaboration and trust; aspects that make the risky creation and representation of the self and a sense of belonging in a shifting world seem more manageable and worthwhile. Drawing on Playing for Life (www.playingforlife.org.au), a longitudinal, ethnographic and cross‐cultural research project studying marginalized young people's media practices, I argue that youth involvement with such practices frequently serves as valuable pathways for identity work, training and social inclusion. This engagement not only facilitates a greater sense of belonging to existing social and familial networks, but also provides opportunities to create new experiential communities based on music, the arts and other leisure activities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moral panic neutralization project: a media‐based intervention
Authors: Veno Arthur , van den Eynde Julie
Published: October 2007

Moral panics are a major technique used by government in the politics of fear. The central research question addressed was ‘can moral panic be neutralized?’ Researchers formed a coalition with folk devils (an outlaw motorcycle club) in an emerging moral panic to answer the research question. The contest for public support was played out in the media. Results of the action research process are reported using ‘thick narrative’ and included: (1) government calling off its moral panic campaign, (2) a large decrease in public support for the government's campaign against outlaw motorcycle clubs (OMCs), (3) increased acceptance of OMCs in public opinion polls and (4) dramatic reversals in newspaper editorials. The case study illustrates actors in moral panics have agency and provides an example of a macro‐level intervention through which liberation from oppression was affected. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for d‐Orbital Aromaticity in Sn‐ and Pb‐Based Clusters: Is Sn2‐12 Aromatic?
Authors: Chen De‐Li , Tian Wei Quan , Feng Ji‐Kang , Sun Chia‐Chung
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unprecedented Rearrangement of Molybdenum(VI) Oxide to (μ2‐Oxido)‐bis[dioxidomolybdenum(VI)] Hexamolybdate.
Authors: Pedrosa Maria R. , Aguado Rafael , Diez Virginia , Escribano Jaime , Sanz Roberto , Arnaiz Francisco J.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of N‐R‐2‐Cyanothioacetamides with Ethyl[(aryl)hydrazono]chloroacetates.
Authors: Britsun V. N. , Bodnar V. N. , Lozinskii M. O.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic Liquids as Recyclable Solvents for Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST) Mediated Fluorination of Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Das Saibal , Chandrasekhar Srivari , Yadav Jhillu Singh , Gree Rene
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Synthesis of Organic Carbonates Using Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide.
Authors: Kantam M. Lakshmi , Pal Ujjwal , Sreedhar B. , Choudary B. M.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alternative Reagents for the Tritylation of Alcohols.
Authors: Jyothi Y. , Mahalingam A. K. , Ilangovan A. , Sharma G. V. M.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidation of Ethers to Carboxylic Acids with Nitric Acid.
Authors: Svetlakov N. V. , Nikitin V. G. , Nikolaeva E. A.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐methylpropanoic Acid Esters Through Ruthenium‐SYNPHOS®‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation: Useful Building Blocks for the Synthetic Community.
Authors: Jeulin Severine , Ayad Tahar , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient CuO‐Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed C—S Cross‐Coupling of Thiols with Iodobenzene.
Authors: Rout Laxmidhar , Sen Tamal K. , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Montmorillonite K‐10‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Rearrangement of Vinylidenecyclopropanes.
Authors: Lu Jian‐Mei , Shi Min
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Synthesis of 1,1‐Dibromo‐1a,9b‐dihydrocyclopropa[l]phenanthrene.
Authors: Nguyen Jennifer M. , Thamattoor Dasan M.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of 2‐Arylhydrazono‐2‐cyano‐N‐cyclohexylthioacetamides with Halocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Deryabina T. G. , Bel'skaya N. P. , Kodess M. I. , Bakulev V. A.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nucleophilic 5‐endo‐trig Cyclizations of N‐Homoallylic Sulfonamides: A Facile Method for the Construction of Pyrrolidine Rings.
Authors: Ichikawa Junji , Lapointe Guillaume , Iwai Yu
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Indoles and α‐Aryl Enamides: Construction of Quaternary Carbon Atoms.
Authors: Jia Yi‐Xia , Zhong Jun , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Zhang Can‐Ming , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simple and Straightforward Synthesis of Novel Enantiopure Ionic Liquids via Efficient Enzymatic Resolution of (.+‐.)‐2‐(1H‐Imidazol‐1‐yl)cyclohexanol.
Authors: Busto Eduardo , Gotor‐Fernandez Vicente , Rios‐Lombardia Nicolas , Garcia‐Verdugo Eduardo , Alfonso Ignacio , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Menendez‐Velazquez Amador , Burguete M. Isabel , Luis Santiago V. , Gotor Vicente
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Investigation of the Stability of Esters of 6′‐Carbamoylmethylthio‐5′‐cyano‐1′,4′‐dihydro‐3,4′‐ and ‐4,4′‐bipyridine‐3′‐carboxylic Acids. Part 1. Esters of 6′‐Carbamoylmethylthio‐5′‐cyano‐1′,4′‐dihydro‐3,4′‐bipyridine‐3′‐carboxy lic Acids.
Authors: Kazoka H. , Krauze A. , Vilums M. , Cernova L. , Sile L. , Duburs G.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 4‐Methyl‐2‐hydroxy‐ and 2‐Methyl‐4‐hydroxyquinolines.
Authors: Nadaraj V. , Selvi S. Thamarai
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
IBX‐Mediated Oxidative Ugi‐Type Multicomponent Reactions. Application to the N and C1 Functionalization of Tetrahydroisoquinoline.
Authors: Ngouansavanh Tifelle , Zhu Jieping
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Reaction of 2‐Amino‐3‐aroyl‐1‐cyanoindolizines with Formamide.
Authors: Khoroshilov G. E. , Demchak I. V. , Emelyanova M. V.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 127. An Efficient and Convenient Protocol for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines and Dihydropyrazines via Cyclization—Oxidation Processes Using HClO4×SiO2 as a Heterogeneous Recyclable Catalyst.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Venkateswarlu Katta , Suneel Kanaparthy , Majhi Anjoy
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New 2‐Functionalized 2H‐3,4‐Dihydro‐1,4‐benzothiazin‐3‐ones and Their Application in the Synthesis of Spiro Heterocycles.
Authors: Nazarenko K. G. , Shtil N. A. , Lozinskii M. O. , Tolmachev A. A.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Unsymmetrical Photochromic 2,3‐Dihydro‐4‐oxonaphtho[2,1‐e][1,3]oxazine Bispiropyran
Authors: Mukhanov E. L. , Alekseenko Yu. S. , Lukyanov B. S. , Ryabukhin Yu. I. , Ryashchin O. N. , Lukyanova M. B.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Cadinane Sesquiterpene with Significant anti‐HIV‐1 Activity from the Cultures of the Basidiomycete Tyromyces chioneus.
Authors: Liu Dong‐Ze , Wang Fei , Yang Liu‐Meng , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies Toward the Total Synthesis of Nakiterpiosin: Construction of the CDE Ring System by a Transannular Diels—Alder Strategy.
Authors: Ito Tomonori , Ito Masahiro , Arimoto Hirokazu , Takamura Hiroyoshi , Uemura Daisuke
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cytotoxic Withaphysalins from Physalis minima.
Authors: Ma Lei , Gan Xian‐Wen , He Qing‐Ping , Bai Hai‐Yun , Arfan Mohammad , Lou Feng‐Chang , Hu Li‐Hong
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Deoxy‐2‐phenylselenenyl Glycosides from Furanoses: Implication of the Phenylselenenyl Group in the Stereocontrolled Preparation of 2‐Deoxy‐ribo‐ and 2‐Deoxy‐xylo‐oligosaccharides.
Authors: Boutureira Omar , Rodriguez Miguel A. , Benito David , Matheu M. Isabel , Diaz Yolando , Castillon Sergio
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iridoid Glycosides from Hedyotis corymbosa
Authors: Jiang Wei , Kuang Li‐Sha , Hou Ai‐Jun , Qian Min , Li Ji‐Zong
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of 1β‐O‐Acyl Glucuronides via Selective Acylation of Allyl or Benzyl D‐Glucuronate.
Authors: Bowkett Elizabeth R. , Harding John R. , Maggs James L. , Park B. Kevin , Perrie Jennifer A. , Stachulski Andrew V.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Trisorbicillinone A, a Novel Sorbicillin Trimer, from a Deep Sea Fungus, Phialocephala sp. FL30r.
Authors: Li Dehai , Wang Fengping , Xiao Xiang , Fang Yuchun , Zhu Tianjiao , Gu Qianqun , Zhu Weiming
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4849F, a New Metabolite Produced by the Streptomyces sp. 4849 as an Inhibitor of IL‐4 Receptor.
Authors: Wang Ke , Guo Lianhong , Zou Yingshu , Li Yuan , Wu Jianbo
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Quinonoids from the Barks of Cratoxylum formosum subsp. pruniflorum.
Authors: Boonnak Nawong , Karalai Chatchanok , Chantrapromma Suchada , Ponglimanont Chanita , Kanjana‐Opas Akkharawit , Chantrapromma Kan , Fun Hoong‐Kun
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Blue Luminescent Naphthalene‐Based Liquid Crystals.
Authors: Mori Takeshi , Kijima Masashi
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ester Prodrugs of Flurbiprofen: Synthesis, Plasma Hydrolysis and Gastrointestinal Toxicity.
Authors: Mohan Rhea , Ramaa C. S.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Levofloxacin Derivatives with Certain Bulky Residues on Piperazine Ring.
Authors: Foroumadi Alireza , Emami Saeed , Mansouri Shahla , Javidnia Azita , Saeid‐Adeli Nosratollah , Shirazi Farshad H. , Shafiee Abbas
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Half‐Magnetization Plateaux in Cr Spinels
Authors: Shannon N. , Ueda H. , Motome Y. , Penc K. , Shiba H. , Takagi H.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High Field Properties of the Frustrated 2D Dimer Spin System SrCu2(BO3)2
Authors: Takigawa M. , Kodama K. , Horvatic M. , Berthier C. , Matsubara S. , Kageyama H. , Ueda Y. , Miyahara S. , Mila F.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition Metal Oxides Using Quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Wagner Lucas K.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Method for the Synthesis of Indole‐ and Benzothiophene‐Containing Condensed Systems
Authors: Khoshtariya T. E. , Kurkovskaya L. N. , Batsikadze K. T. , Matnadze M. M. , Sikharulidze M. I. , Ananiashvili V. O. , Dzhashi T. O. , Abesadze I. G. , Alapishvili M. G.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Terpenes — Expansion of the Chiral Pool
Authors: Liu Weiguo
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in the Design and Synthesis of Prazosin Derivatives
Authors: Minarini Anna , Bolognesi Maria Laura , Tumiatti Vincenzo , Melchiorre Carlo
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Designing Novel Organic—Inorganic Frameworks
Authors: Paz Filipe A. Almeida , Klinowski Jacek
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses of Peptidomimetics Based on Pyranose and Polyhydroxylated Piperidine Scaffolds
Authors: Murphy Paul V. , Dunne Julie L.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Super Broensted Acid Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Yamamoto Hisashi , Boxer Matthew B.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfur Participation in [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements
Authors: Fernandez de la Pradilla Roberto , Tortosa Mariola , Viso Alma
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Annulenylenes, Annulynes, and Annulenes
Authors: Stevenson Cheryl D.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Role of a Novel Protein, CAR‐Like Soluble Protein (CLSP), in Adenovirus Infection
Authors: Kawabata Kenji
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Plant Genomic Sequencing Using Gene‐Enriched Libraries
Authors: Rabinowicz Pablo D.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein Annotation at Genomic Scale: The Current Status
Authors: Frishman Dmitrij
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Determination of the absolute stereochemistry of chiral biphenanthryls in solution phase using chiroptical spectroscopic methods: 2,2′‐Diphenyl‐[3,3′‐biphenanthrene]‐4,4′‐diol
Authors: Petrovic Ana G. , Vick Sarah E. , Polavarapu Prasad L.
Published: October 2007

Although the exciton coupling model has been widely used in the literature to suggest the absolute configuration using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, chiral biphenanthryl systems are one group of molecules where the application of the exciton model yields ambiguous conclusions. The use of 2,2′‐diphenyl‐[3,3′‐biphenanthrene]‐4,4′‐diol, known as VAPOL, as a chiral ligand for enantioselective catalysis necessitates the reliable determination of its absolute configuration. Based on the X‐ray diffraction data of its phosphoric amide derivative, the configuration of VAPOL has been determined in the literature to be (+)‐(aS). The experimental vibrational circular dichroism, ECD and optical rotatory dispersion spectra, and corresponding quantum mechanical predictions of VAPOL are used in this manuscript to independently determine its absolute configuration. Chirality, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Entropy production in chiral symmetry breaking transitions
Authors: Kondepudi Dilip , Kapcha Lauren
Published: October 2007

It is now well known that nonequilibrium chemical systems may reach conditions that spontaneously generate chiral asymmetry. One can find a host of model reactions that exhibit such behavior in the literature. Among these, models based on one originally devised by Frank have been studied extensively. Though the kinetic aspects of such model reactions have been discussed in great detail, the behavior of entropy in such systems is rarely discussed. In this article, the rate of entropy production per unit volume, σ, in a modified Frank model is discussed. It is shown that the slope of σ changes at the point at which the asymmetric states appear, behavior similar to that observed in second‐order phase transitions. Chirality, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and Relaxometric Characterization of Peptide Aggregates Containing Gadolinium Complexes as Potential Selective Contrast Agents in MRI
Authors: Vaccaro Mauro , Mangiapia Gaetano , Paduano Luigi , Gianolio Eliana , Accardo Antonella , Tesauro Diego , Morelli Giancarlo
Published: October 2007

The structural and relaxometric characterization of a novel class of supramolecular aggregates, as potential tumor‐specific contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is reported. The aggregates are based on a new monomer with an upsilon shape (MonY) that contains, in the same molecule, all three fundamental tasks that are required: 1) a hydrophobic moiety that allows the formation of supramolecular aggregates; 2) the bioactive CCK8 peptide for target recognition; and 3) a chelating agent able to give stable gadolinium complexes. As indicated by dynamic light scattering and small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements, MonY and its gadolinium complex MonY(Gd) aggregate in aqueous solution to give ellipsoidal micelles with a ratio between the micellar axes of ≈1.7 and an aggregation number Nagg of ≈30. There are no differences in the aggregation behavior of MonY and MonY(Gd), which indicates that the presence of metal ions, and therefore the reduction of the net charge, does not influence the aggregation behavior. When MonY or MonY(Gd) are blended with dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), the aggregation behavior is dictated by the tendency of DOPC to give liposomes. Only when the amount of MonY or MonY(Gd) is higher than 20 % is the coexistence of liposomes and micelles observed. The thickness d of the bilayer is estimated by SANS to be ≈35–40 Å, whereas cryogenic transmission electron microscopy images show that the diameter of the liposomes ranges from ≈50 to 150 nm. Self‐assembling micelles of MonY(Gd) present high relaxivity values (r1p=15.03 mM−1 s−1) for each gadolinium complex in the aggregate. Liposomes containing MonY(Gd) inserted in the DOPC bilayer at a molar ratio of 20:80 present slightly lower relaxivity values (r1p=12.7 mM−1 s−1), independently of their internal or external position in the liposome.
Immunization with heat‐killed Francisella tularensis LVS elicits protective antibody‐mediated immunity
Authors: Lavine Christy L. , Clinton Shawn R. , Angelova‐Fischer Irena , Marion Tony N. , Bina Xiaowen R. , Bina James E. , Whitt Michael A. , Miller Mark A.
Published: October 2007

Francisella tularensis (FT) has been classified by the CDC as a category A pathogen because of its high virulence and the high mortality rate associated with infection via the aerosol route. Because there is no licensed vaccine available for FT, development of prophylactic and therapeutic regimens for the prevention/treatment of infection is a high priority. In this report, heat‐killed FT live vaccine strain (HKLVS) was employed as a vaccine immunogen, either alone or in combination with an adjuvant, and was found to elicit protective immunity against high‐dose FT live vaccine strain (FTLVS) challenge. FT‐specific antibodies produced in response to immunization with HKLVS alone were subsequently found to completely protect naive mice against high‐dose FT challenge in both infection‐interference and passive immunization experiments. Additional passive immunization trials employing serum collected from mice immunized with a heat‐killed preparation of an O‐antigen‐deficient transposon mutant of FTLVS (HKLVS‐OAgneg) yielded similar results. These findings demonstrated that FT‐specific antibodies alone can confer immunity against high‐dose FTLVS challenge, and they reveal that antibody‐mediated protection is not dependent upon production of LPS‐specific antibodies.
Body image disturbance in young North European and East Asian women with and without eating disorders in Australia and in Singapore
Authors: Soh Nerissa Li‐Wey , Touyz Stephen , Dobbins Timothy , Surgenor Lois , Clarke Simon , Kohn Michael , Lee Ee Lian , Leow Vincent , Rieger Elizabeth , Ung Ken Eng Khean , Walter Garry
Published: October 2007

Objective

To investigate body image disturbance in young women with and without an eating disorder (ED) across two different ethnic groups in Australia and Singapore.

Method

The relationship of body image disturbance to cultural orientation and socio‐cultural factors was analysed in 154 women with and without an ED. Participants were from the following backgrounds: North European Australian, East Asian Australian, Singaporean Chinese (SC) and North European expatriates in Singapore.

Results

Irrespective of cultural group, women with an ED had similar body dissatisfaction. Among those without an ED, SC women reported greater body dissatisfaction than all other cultural groups. Finally, within each cultural group, ED participants reported significantly higher body dissatisfaction than their non‐ED counterparts with the exception of SC women where there was no difference.

Discussion

Socio‐cultural factors other than body image may play more important roles in SC women's ED psychopathology. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder endorsements among adolescents and young adults from China
Authors: Chen Hong , Jackson Todd
Published: October 2007

This research assessed the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder symptoms among young people from China. A sample of 1320 females and 783 males between 12 and 22 years of age was recruited from academic settings in various regions of China and completed a back‐translated Chinese version of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, as well as measures of body dissatisfaction and demographics. As expected, reported eating disorder symptoms and body dissatisfaction were significantly higher for females than males. Eating disorder symptoms and body dissatisfaction were also more pronounced for participants from higher income households. Finally, age differences in symptoms and body dissatisfaction were inconsistent. In sum, findings extend past prevalence research and highlight specific sociodemographic correlates of eating pathology and body dissatisfaction among Chinese adolescents and young adults. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian particle‐level set method for numerical simulations of two‐fluid turbulent flows
Authors: Li Zhaorui , Jaberi Farhad A. , Shih Tom I‐P.
Published: October 2007

A coupled Lagrangian interface‐tracking and Eulerian level set (LS) method is developed and implemented for numerical simulations of two‐fluid flows. In this method, the interface is identified based on the locations of notional particles and the geometrical information concerning the interface and fluid properties, such as density and viscosity, are obtained from the LS function. The LS function maintains a signed distance function without an auxiliary equation via the particle‐based Lagrangian re‐initialization technique. To assess the new hybrid method, numerical simulations of several ‘standard interface‐moving’ problems and two‐fluid laminar and turbulent flows are conducted. The numerical results are evaluated by monitoring the mass conservation, the turbulence energy spectral density function and the consistency between Eulerian and Lagrangian components. The results of our analysis indicate that the hybrid particle‐level set method can handle interfaces with complex shape change, and can accurately predict the interface values without any significant (unphysical) mass loss or gain, even in a turbulent flow. The results obtained for isotropic turbulence by the new particle‐level set method are validated by comparison with those obtained by the ‘zero Mach number’, variable‐density method. For the cases with small thermal/mass diffusivity, both methods are found to generate similar results. Analysis of the vorticity and energy equations indicates that the destabilization effect of turbulence and the stability effect of surface tension on the interface motion are strongly dependent on the density and viscosity ratios of the fluids. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RCM‐TVD hybrid scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Zahran Yousef Hashem
Published: October 2007

We describe a hybrid method for the solution of hyperbolic conservation laws. A third‐order total variation diminishing (TVD) finite difference scheme is conjugated with a random choice method (RCM) in a grid‐based adaptive way. An efficient multi‐resolution technique is used to detect the high gradient regions of the numerical solution in order to capture the shock with RCM while the smooth regions are computed with the more efficient TVD scheme. The hybrid scheme captures correctly the discontinuities of the solution and saves CPU time. Numerical experiments with one‐ and two‐dimensional problems are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of news use and social capital on youth wellbeing: An aggregate‐level analysis
Authors: Beaudoin Christopher E.
Published: October 2007

The current study explores the socioenvironmental determinants of youth development, with a focus on the mass media and social capital; it tests a model in which news use and social capital influence youth wellbeing. Social capital is operationally defined in terms of youth involvement and perceptions of place, and youth wellbeing is measured with youth arrest and youth pregnancy. Individual‐level data come from three telephone surveys of adults in 38 counties in the state of Iowa, with macro‐level data coming from the same counties. Over time, youth involvement increased significantly, while youth pregnancy decreased significantly. Perceptions of place and youth arrest remained constant. After transforming the individual‐level measures to the aggregate, structural equation modeling offered support for a three‐step model in which news use influences social capital, which, in turn, influences youth wellbeing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 947–965, 2007.
Ranking institutional settings based on publications in community psychology journals
Authors: Jason Leonard A. , Pokorny Steven B. , Patka Mazna , Adams Monica , Morello Taylor
Published: October 2007

Two primary outlets for community psychology research, the American Journal of Community Psychology and the Journal of Community Psychology, were assessed to rank institutions based on publication frequency and scientific influence of publications over a 32‐year period. Three specific periods were assessed (1973–1983, 1984–1994, 1995–2004). Findings indicate that there were a large group of institutions that published articles during these periods. Those academic institutions that had the most published articles as well as the largest influence, based on citations by other authors, were identified. Using archival data from the community psychology literature represents one approach for identifying those settings that made substantial contributions to the development and growth of the field. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 967–979, 2007.
Sonography: An underutilized diagnostic tool in the assessment of metastatic groin nodes
Authors: Krishna Ravula Phani , Sistla Sarath Chandra , Smile Robinson , Krishnan R.
Published: October 2007

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic value of gray‐scale sonography in differentiating benign reactive nodes from metastatic nodes in the groin.

Methods

Twenty‐seven patients with carcinoma of the penis, 3 patients with cutaneous melanoma, and 2 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower extremity with inguinal lymphadenopathy were studied. A total of 122 nodes in the groin were examined sonographically using a 7.5‐MHz probe. Sonographic features studied included lymph node size, longitudinal/transverse diameter (L/T) ratio, presence or absence of echogenic hilum, and appearance of the cortex. Pathologic confirmation was obtained via lymph node biopsy in 14 patients and groin dissection in 18 patients. Sonographic features were correlated with final pathology.

Results

Forty‐four of 122 nodes were metastatic and 78 were benign. L/T <2 had a sensitivity of 81% in the diagnosis of metastasis. Absent hilum had a sensitivity of only 68% but a specificity of 95%. An eccentric cortex was also highly specific for malignancy (96%). Presence of any sonographic feature suggestive of metastasis has a high sensitivity (95%) and negative predictive value (96%). The combination of L/T ratio <2 and absent hilum had the highest specificity (97%) combined with a high positive predictive value (93%).

Conclusion

Sonography is useful in the evaluation of groin nodes for metastatic disease. It can help select a suspicious lymph node for cytologic/histologic confirmation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Tooth replacement pattern of Coloborhynchus robustus (pterosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil
Authors: Fastnacht Michael
Published: October 2007

The well preserved anterior upper and lower jaw fragment of an adult specimen of Coloborhynchus robustus (Pterosauria: Ornithocheiridae), SMNK 2302 PAL, allowed investigations of the replacement pattern of the dentition macroscopically and by using CT scans. The quantification of the dentition by Zahnreihen, Z‐Spacing, and replacement waves indicates a complex pattern of different replacement stages in which large gaps within the dentition were avoided. The specialized prey‐catching apparatus of Coloborhynchus thus could retain its function even following tooth replacement. The replacement process in the specimen took about 2/3 of the total life‐time of a tooth, and damaged teeth in the anterior jaw region may have been replaced more rapidly than posterior teeth. The distolingual replacement of the functional teeth delayed the time of their shedding in comparison with the circular resorption present in crocodiles. In contrast to these, the distolingual position of the replacement tooth did not decrease the biomechanical stability of the functional tooth, which can also be observed as a convergence in other thecodont dentitions, e.g., recent carnivore mammals. Teeth were shed when their replacement had reached about 60% of the full‐grown height. A comparison of the observed pattern is constricted by the preservation and preparation of other specimens. Unfortunately, no known specimen in public collections reaches the quality of Coloborhynchus robustus, SMNK 2302 PAL, so that comparable patterns in other specimens are not likely to be detected. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel lipoxygenase inhibitors as neuroprotective reagents
Authors: van Leyen Klaus , Arai Ken , Jin Guang , Kenyon Victor , Gerstner Bettina , Rosenberg Paul A. , Holman Theodore R. , Lo Eng H.
Published: October 2007

The lipid‐metabolizing enzyme 12/15‐lipoxygenase (12/15‐LOX) mediates cell death resulting from oxidative stress in both neurons and oligodendrocytes. Specifically, it may contribute to the pathophysiology of stroke and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We report here that two of three specific 12/15‐LOX inhibitors, derived from a virtual screen by computer modeling and validated by inhibition of recombinant human 15‐LOX in vitro, are able to rescue both neuronal as well as oligodendroglial cells from cell death induced by oxidative stress. Thus, in a fairly streamlined process, an initial virtual screen of 50,000 compounds in a library of drug‐like molecules has led to the identification of two novel drug candidates for targeting LOX. Future studies of these novel neuroprotective inhibitors of 12/15‐LOX may provide new therapeutic opportunities to combat stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.