bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Methodological Substantiation of Transient Electromagnetic Sounding from the Arctic Drift Ice
Authors: Mogilatov V.S. , Osipova P.S. , Zlobinsky A.V.
Published: October 2020

—Marine geoelectromagnetic sounding with artificial sources is strongly hindered by the influence of a conductive seawater layer. There is only one known wide successful application of electrical prospecting in this field – Controlled Source Electromagnetic Method (CSEM). However, this method has unfortunate limitations: the need to submerge an electromagnetic probe to the bottom of a deep (more than 1000 m) sea and the great rafting (~15 km). The method is not applicable in an ice-covered sea. Deep sounding from the sea surface and, hence, from the ice surface is possible if the TM polarization field is used. This field is generated by a vertical electric line (VEL) or a circular electric dipole (CED). The former has drawbacks even when it is used at sea. At the same time, a CED is efficient in one-dimensional and three-dimensional media in frequency and time modes. We have developed a three-dimensional mathematical tool for the CED field in the Born approximation, which is quite adequate in a conductive section with deep local inhomogeneities. The research is carried out within the framework of a geophysical project using the Arctic drift ices.
Correlation of Andesite Complexes in the Southern Framing of the Eastern Part of the Mongol–Okhotsk Orogenic Belt according to Geochronological, Geochemical, and Isotope-Geochemical Data
Authors: Derbeko I.M. , Ponomarchuk V.A. , Chugaev A.V. , Travin A.V. , Ponomarchuk A.V.
Published: October 2020

—The evolution of the eastern part of the Mongol–Okhotsk Orogenic Belt marks the late Mesozoic accretion–collision processes involving the Siberian and Sino–Korean plates. Tectonic restructuring in the region was accompanied by the formation of igneous complexes, which replaced each other almost without a temporal break. Andesitic magmatism was widely manifested in the southern framing of the eastern part of the belt. Its study is complicated by the isolation of volcanic fields and their confinement to the Amur–Zeya depression. Study of the geochemical and geochronological characteristics of igneous complexes there made it possible to recognize and systematize the temporal stages and substantiate the geodynamic formation of these rocks. However, there are controversial geologic objects, such as the Isikan volcanic field. We present the first data on the isotopic age and chemical and isotope-chemical compositions of the rocks of this field. 40Ar/39Ar dating showed that the integrated age of the dacitic matrix is 113.0 ± 2.6 Ma and the plateau age is 121.0 ± 1.6 Ma. In chemical composition the studied volcanics are similar to rocks of the Poyarkov volcanic complex developed within the Bureya– Jiamusi superterrane, which formed under subduction in the period 120–105 Ma. In geochemical and isotope-geochemical characteristics the volcanics are similar to rocks of igneous belts of Andean-type active continental margins.
School Management’s Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): An Exploratory Study
Authors:   Department of Management and Commerce, Garden City University, Bangalore-560049, India, Prakash Chinmaya , Chandra Shubha ,   Department of Management and Commerce, Garden City University, Bangalore-560049, India
Published: October 2020

Background: In recent years, the importance of school as a stake-holder in CSR activities is gaining recognition. Companies channel financial and human resources into developing schools. School Development and Monitoring Committee (SDMC) plays an important part in the management of Primary schools in Karnataka and as such should have a role in CSR activities. Purpose: This exploratory study attempted to answer the following questions- (1) How aware are SDMC members of CSR and its role in schools (2) what is their perception of CSR in their schools? (3) Do rural and urban SDMC members differ in their perception of CSR Methods: Sample consisted of SDMC members from 50 rural and 50 urban Government run primary schools in Bangalore Educational districts. 100 SDMC members, one from each school, were interviewed using a semi structured information schedule developed for this study. Results: Management is not very clear about the nature of CSR support . However, 75% of them perceive CSR as beneficial to their schools. Rural subjects have a more favourable perception of CSR impact and they differ significantly from urban counterparts in rating ‘ how CSR has benefited students’ (t = 2.052). Conclusions: SDMC members do not clearly distinguish between support provided under CSR and support received from other sources. Overall, CSR is seen as beneficial to school by supplementing government support and helping the management. Rural schools seem to benefit more from CSR support. Though SDMC is supposed to monitor the developmental activities of the school, they are not often consulted by companies about the requirements for the school. Involving SDMC in planning, executing and monitoring would enhance the efficacy of CSR programmes.
Integral inequalities in a generalized context
Authors: Kórus Péter , Lugo Luciano M. , Nápoles Valdés Juan E.
Published: October 2020

In this paper we present different variants of the well-known Hermite–Hadamard inequality, in a generalized context. We consider general fractional integral operators for h-convex and r-convex functions.
Banach algebras satisfying certain chain conditions on closed ideals
Authors: Alahmari Abdullah , Aldosray Falih A. , Mabrouk Mohamed
Published: October 2020

Let 𝔄 be a unital Banach algebra and ℜ its Jacobson radical. This paper investigates Banach algebras satisfying some chain conditions on closed ideals. In particular, it is shown that a Banach algebra 𝔄 satisfies the descending chain condition on closed left ideals then 𝔄/ℜ is finite dimensional. We also prove that a C*-algebra satisfies the ascending chain condition on left annihilators if and only if it is finite dimensional. Moreover, other auxiliary results are established.
China's economy: From past to future
Authors: Tanzi Vito
Published: October 2020

Why did China grow so fast in the past four decades? What were the main factors? Important ones were: attitude of government; opening to the world; role of culture; exploitation of technological gap; role of foreign trained students; and role of government in the creation of modern infrastructure. These factors are likely to play a much smaller role in the future while several negative factors –populism, trade wars, environmental obstacles, aging of the population, authoritarianism and others are likely to lead to significantly lower growth rates.
China: A candidate for winner in the international game of higher education?
Authors: Török Ádám , Nagy Andrea Magda
Published: October 2020

The hegemony of the Western higher education institutions in the global university market is being challenged by China. The top Chinese universities have significantly improved their international ranking positions. When it comes, however, to the ability of universities to attract foreign students and faculty, the Chinese higher education institutions' performance raises questions. The International Outlook scores of these universities, although showing an increasing trend, are still lacking behind the U.S. or Western European top universities. China is primarily a student ‘exporter.’ It also became a leading destination country for students from Asia or Africa, but it is still far from reaching the ‘international openness’ level of the U.S. or the UK universities. The publication networks of the top Chinese higher education institutions indicate that these universities prefer to publish with other Chinese institutions or the U.S. universities.
Dakwah Harmoni Komunitas: Studi Transformasi Identitas Kampung Muslim Dayak di Desa Semabi, Kecamatan Sekadau Hilir, Kabupaten Sekadau Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Halim Abdul , Rahmawati Baiti , Umam Roisul
Published: October 2020

This study reviews the Dayak ethnicity as an exotic ethnicity with a unique interior image. They are accustomed to 'hunting human heads for marriage plots'. Traditions like this are considered as an obligation to avoid danger and disaster, and become a symbol of power and manliness. However, the practice of 'head hunting' only applies when Islam has not touched the theology of the Dayak community with ancestral religion in the past. This study focuses on the struggle of the Dayak Senganan and Malays in the villages of Semabi, Sekadau Hilir, Sekadau, West Kalimantan, which relates to the stigma that, by embracing Islam it means revoking the 'worthiness' identity. To illustrate the transformation of Dayak Wealth identity The methodology used in this study is the ethnographic method. The term 'Wealth' is derived from the word 'right' which means the transition from left to right, namely by embracing Islam. Findings from this study indicate that the key to inter-citizen harmony is supported by the strength of harmony between religious elites and also local cultural elites, and the role of shared awareness to coexist becomes a benchmark of harmonization. The power of harmony built by these two elite figures has produced transformative propaganda based on tradition.
Enfermería de urgencias en la intubación de secuencia rápida a pacientes COVID-19
Authors: Acevedo Gamboa Fanny Esperanza , Páez Barrozo Mansur , Mayorga Camargo Viviana Lizeth
Published: October 2020

Introducción: La inducción de secuencia rápida modificada es la sugerida para la intubación orotraqueal a pacientes COVID-19 que presentan distrés respiratorio en urgencias. El objetivo de esta revisión es plantear el proceso de atención de enfermería durante las fases de planificación, preparación, pretratamiento y sedación con parálisis neuromuscular. Materiales y Métodos: artículo de reflexión acerca de elementos conceptuales en la valoración, diagnóstico, planeación, ejecución y evaluación del cuidado de enfermería, a partir de la revisión de literatura de consensos y protocolos nacionales e internacionales y publicaciones de cuidado de enfermería a pacientes COVID-19. Resultados: los medicamentos recomendados por la literatura en la inducción de secuencia rápida a pacientes COVID-19 son: en la fase de pretratamiento, las benzodiacepinas necesarias para disminuir la ansiedad del paciente, la lidocaína que controla el reflejo de la tos y el fentanilo que contribuye con la analgesia; en la fase de sedación inductores como etomidato y ketamina están indicados en pacientes con inestabilidad hemodinámica y propofol en pacientes estables; en la fase de parálisis neuromuscular el rocuronio es el recomendado como primera opción antes que la succinilcolina y los vasopresores tipo norepinefrina, epinefrina, vasopresina y/o dopamina, son necesarios en todas las fases para el manejo de la inestabilidad hemodinámica. Conclusiones: aplicar el proceso de atención de enfermería durante las fases de inducción de secuencia rápida contribuye con la organización de los medicamentos requeridos para la intubación orotraqueal, lo cual, disminuye la ansiedad del paciente y el riesgo de contaminación del personal de salud.
Illuminated Gospel, dated 1684, from the Cathedral of the Archangel at the Moscow Kremlin Museums: to the question of iconographic sources
Authors: Saltykova V. A.
Published: October 2020

This article deals with miniatures of the Gospel from the collection of the Moscow Kremlin Museums, dated 1684. The author analyzes the iconography of the compositions, identifies the sources used as models for the masters who decorated the book, and also examines the circumstances associated with the order of the manuscript. The text touches on the issue of artistic connections between Russia and Western Europe in the field of book illustration of the 17th century and describes in detail the creative work of the court masters on the miniatures of the Gospel. The author discovers a Western European visual source that has never been associated with the range of Kremlin monuments before, which complements our vision of the iconographic lexicon of the court masters of the second half of the 17th century.
Ruth Mackay (2019) Life in a Time of Pestilence. The Great Castilian Plague of 1596-1601. University Printing House, Cambridge, United Kingdom. P. 276. ISBN: 978-1-108-49820-3. doi:10.1017/9781108632720
Authors: Rodionova Yu. V.
Published: October 2020

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Сurrent issues of the Church: Catholic and Orthodox view
Authors: Simonov V. V. , Bremer Т.
Published: October 2020

Modern processes — economic, political, and social, taking place in the world affect the Church as an institution and believers of different confessions. Looking at these problems from the independent points of view of Orthodoxy and Catholicism is interesting and informative, pointing out the similarity in some issues and the important difference in others.
Heracles and epilepsy: the sacred disease
Authors: ORREGO-GONZÁLEZ Eduardo , PERALTA-GARCÍA Ana , PALACIOS-SÁNCHEZ Leonardo
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Epilepsy is one of the most dreaded and terrifying human afflictions. One of the many names it has received was Sacred Disease, during Greek times. Heracles served as a source of the divine connotation that epilepsy received in ancient times, as he was one of the most important demigods in Greek mythology. However, several authors have attributed Heracles’ actions to a seizure, including Hippocrates, who described the sacred disease on his “Corpus Hippocraticum.” This paper reviewed some of the publications on the myth and content of the text of Hippocrates, in relation to the current knowledge of the disease.
New coronavirus: what does nursing have to learn and teach in times of a pandemic?
Authors: Backes Marli Terezinha Stein , Carvalho Karini Manhães de , Santos Evangelia Kotzias Atherino dos , Backes Dirce Stein
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To promote a theoretical reflective analysis of what nursing has to learn and teach to global society in times of OVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Reflective theoretical essay aimed at contributing new knowledge and raising new questions, based on the assumptions of Edgar Morin’s complexity thinking, subsidized by readings of texts extracted from electronic databases, as well as speeches by health professionals available in open communication tools. Results: COVID-19 reiterates that the biological warfare of the current pandemic is not fought with nuclear or fire weapons, but with care in its multiple dimensions: physical, emotional, spiritual, family, social, political and economic. Final considerations: Nursing has to learn and teach global society that its main object of work, care, is related to the expansion of systemic interactions and associations and the capacity to strengthen the interlocution with complex reality.
Covid-19 pandemic and the motivations for demanding health service in indigenous villages
Authors: Ribeiro Aridiane Alves , Rossi Lídia Aparecida
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the fundamental aspects in the establishment of preventive measures to tackle covid-19 among indigenous people in view of the motivations for seeking health care in villages of the Terra Indígena Buriti, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Methods: Theoretical-reflective study based on assumptions of the National Health System and previous ethnographic research that enabled the identification of the motivations to seek health care in Buriti villages. Results: Indigenous people seek health centers for health care programs assistance, treatment of cases they cannot resolve and to chat. Such motivations were the basis for discussing the indigenization process in the confrontation of the new coronavirus pandemic in indigenous lands. Final considerations: The motivations for seeking health care show the physical and social vulnerability of the Terena ethnicity. The effectiveness of the social isolation measure in the villages depends on the dialogue with indigenous leaders, professional engagement and intersectoral actions.
Nursing actions in human milk banks in times of COVID-19
Authors: Marchiori Giovanna Rosario Soanno , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Dulfe Paolla Amorim Malheiros , Santos Marcia Vieira dos
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the actions of the Human Milk Banks coordination to favor the continuity of breastfeeding in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Descriptive study, of qualitative approach, with theoretical-methodological reference of Pierre Bourdieu. Data collection was done through interviews between March and April, with five coordinations and results organized by thematic analysis. Results: Two categories were produced: the actions of strategies for the maintenance of Human Milk Banks services by digital means as a way to ensure social distancing and breastfeeding in times of pandemic of the new coronavirus; and the actions of promotion, protection and support in strategies for maintenance of breastfeeding during the pandemic. Final considerations: The benefits of breastfeeding outweigh any potential risks of transmission of the new coronavirus. The importance of systematic nursing practices in the quality and safety of the process of Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding is evident.
Multimodal strategy for hand hygiene in field hospitals of COVID-19
Authors: Batista Josemar , Silva Danieli Parreira da , Nazário Saimon da Silva , Cruz Elaine Drehmer de Almeida
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: Reflect and propose adaptations to the Multimodal Hand Hygiene Strategy for field hospitals, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Reflective study, carried out in April 2020, based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the guide for the implementation of the five components of the Multimodal Strategy: system change related to infrastructure; training/education; evaluation and feedback; reminders in the workplace; and institutional security climate. Results: The Multimodal Strategy, proposed for hospitals in general, can be adapted for field hospitals in order to reduce the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Investments to adapt the infrastructure and education of workers require foresight and speed and are of special relevance to promote hand hygiene in this care context. Final considerations: Adjusting the Multimodal Strategy, especially for the reduced time in the execution of each component, is necessary for field hospitals with a view to preventing COVID-19.
Brazilian Nursing Process Research Network contributions for assistance in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Barros Alba Lúcia Bottura Leite de , Silva Viviane Martins da , Santana Rosimere Ferreira , Cavalcante Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer , Vitor Allyne Fortes , Lucena Amália de Fatima , Napoleão Anamaria Alves , Lopes Camila Takao , Primo Cândida Caniçali , Carmona Elenice Valentim , Duran Erika Christiane Marocco , Butcher Howard Karl , Lopes Juliana de Lima , Díaz Leidy Johanna Rueda , Cubas Marcia Regina , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da , Almeida Miriam de Abreu , Souza Priscilla Alfradique de , Butcher Rita de Cassia Gengo e Silva , Jensen Rodrigo , Silva Rudval Souza da , Morais Sheila Coelho Ramalho Vasconcelos , Chianca Tania Couto Machado , Santos Vinicius Batista
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the theoretical construction process of nursing process support documents in COVID-19 care scenarios. Methods: an experience report of the joint activity of the Brazilian Nursing Process Research Network (Rede de Pesquisa em Processo de Enfermagem) composed of Higher Education and Health Institution researchers in Brazil. Results: five instruments were organized collectively, involving the elements of nursing practice (nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions) in assistance for community; for patients (with suspected or mild, moderate, and critical COVID-19 and residents in Nursing Homes); for nursing workers’ health support, also subsidizing registration and documentation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Final considerations: valuing the phenomena manifested by families/communities, patients and health professionals is essential for early detection, intervention, and prevention of diseases.
Diferenças por sexo e idade no preenchimento da escolaridade em fichas de vigilância em capitais brasileiras com maior incidência de dengue, 2008-2017
Authors: Guimarães Lucas Melo , Cunha Geraldo Marcelo da
Published: October 2020

O Brasil figura entre os países com o maior número de casos de dengue no mundo. Sistemas de notificação são fundamentais para acompanhar a evolução do agravo, porém são pouco preenchidos. O conhecimento do nível educacional dos indivíduos é importante para o entendimento do papel da desigualdade social no risco de adoecimento. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o preenchimento da escolaridade nas fichas de notificação para dengue disponibilizadas pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) entre 2008 e 2017, por sexo e faixa etária, entre as capitais das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do país. O desfecho de interesse foi o preenchimento da variável escolaridade. As probabilidades preditas de preenchimento da escolaridade foram obtidas utilizando-se modelos logísticos multiníveis. Esse preenchimento foi baixo nas capitais, sendo em oito delas inferior a 30% no período. A chance de ter a escolaridade preenchida decresceu com o avançar da idade, independentemente do sexo e do ano. Mulheres com até 60 anos apresentaram maiores chances de preenchimento da escolaridade que os homens. De um modo geral, os homens registraram 9% menos chances de ter a escolaridade preenchida do que as mulheres. No modelo com interação houve uma intensificação da diferença, ou seja, houve uma piora no preenchimento com o progredir da idade, principalmente entre as mulheres. Diante do exposto, o mau preenchimento das fichas favorece a geração de dados deficientes e duvidosos, e a escolaridade, embora pouco valorizada no ato do preenchimento, tem importância central nesta conjuntura.
Inseticidas neonicotinoides no controle do bicudo-do-algodoeiro Anthonomus grandis (Boheman, 1843) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e a falha de controle do endosulfan
Authors: Fonseca P.R.B. , Lima Junior I.S. de , Soria M.F. , Kodama C. , Degrande P.E.
Published: October 2020

RESUMO O bicudo Anthonomus grandis (Boheman 1843) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) é considerado a principal praga do algodoeiro no Brasil e uma das principais táticas de controle é o uso de inseticidas químicos. O desenvolvimento de produtos com modos de ação diferentes dos produtos convencionais é essencial para o manejo da resistência da praga e opções de controle químico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de alguns inseticidas neonicotinoides no controle do inseto. Os seguintes tratamentos foram aplicados a campo em 4 pulverizações com intervalos de 5 dias (9,8% de botões atacados no início do estudo): 1) Imidacloprid 200 SC (525 mL); 2) Imidacloprid 200 SC (700 mL); 3) Imidacloprid 200 SC (1.050 mL); 4) Thiamethoxam 250 WG (300 g); 5) Acetamiprid 200 SP (300 g); 6) Clothianidin 600 SC (262,5 mL); 7) Thiacloprid 480 SC (300 mL); 8) Endosulfan 350 CE (2.000 mL); e 9) Testemunha não tratada. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições. As médias dos botões florais atacados por tratamento foram submetidas à análise de variância e comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (? = 0,05), enquanto que para o cálculo da eficiência dos inseticidas foi utilizada a fórmula de Abbott. Clothianidin 600 SC (262,5 mL p.c./ha) foi o neonicotinoide que apresentou a maior eficiência de controle (73% de controle aos seis dias após a terceira aplicação do inseticida). O ciclodieno Endosulfan 350 CE (2.000 mL do p.c./ha), utilizado como produto padrão do produtor, não controlou satisfatoriamente a praga como frequentemente citado. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tratamentos para os parâmetros de produtividade (peso de algodão em caroço e número de capulhos por planta).
INFLUÊNCIA DA TEMPERATURA NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO VERTICAL DA COCHONILHA-BRANCA, PLANOCOCCUS CITRI (RISSO) (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) EM PLANTAS DE CAFÉ
Authors: Santa-Cecíli L.V.C. , Prado E. , Sousa A.L.V.
Published: October 2020

RESUMO O conhecimento da distribuição vertical da cochonilha Planococcus citri em plantas de café faz-se necessário para tornar o seu monitoramento e controle mais eficientes. Assim, avaliou-se a distribuição de ninfas da cochonilha em diferentes partes da planta de café, Coffea arabica L., cv Mundo Novo em cinco temperaturas. A planta de café foi subdividida em porção superior (brotações, quarto e quinto pares de folhas e respectivo caule), porção mediana (folhas cotiledonares, segundo e terceiro pares de folhas e respectivo caule) e porção inferior (colo e raiz). As plantas, após a infestação de dez ninfas de 2°/3° instar na porção superior e colo, foram acondicionadas em câmaras climatizadas a 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35º C. As avaliações foram realizadas sete dias após, registrando-se o número de cochonilhas presentes em cada parte da planta. Constatou-se que a distribuição dos insetos variou de acordo com a temperatura. A 20 e 25° C, esses insetos encontra-ram-se distribuídos uniformemente nas três porções das plantas, porém a 15° C migraram para a porção inferior, e em maior número nas raízes. A 30° C houve predominância das ninfas na porção superior da planta, contudo, a 35° C deslocaram-se para a porção mediana.
Mina secreta, aríete forçoso: o livro na historicização da Guerra Holandesa (1625-1660)
Authors: CLEMENTINO KLEBER
Published: October 2020

RESUMO O presente artigo almeja a avaliar o que representou a introdução do livro, enquanto suporte físico de veiculação de narrativas, na historicização da Guerra Holandesa (1624-1654). Para tanto, examina os contextos de publicação de obras saídas dos prelos da Península Ibérica entre 1625 e 1660, alerta aos compromissos políticos e estratégias editoriais dos sujeitos envolvidos na tarefa. Toma como parti pris que a escolha de oferecer aos leitores um relato em panfleto avulso ou em livro in quarto ou in folio respondia a circunstâncias específicas e servia a métodos conscientes de visibilização de façanhas militares, em vista das recompensas socioeconômicas e culturais em disputa no Antigo Regime. Argumenta, ademais, que a escrita da história daquela guerra teve como enunciadores (em sentido lato), além da nobreza europeia, grupos pertencentes às elites ultramarinas A análise se embasa em conceitos formulados pela historiografia sobre a materialidade do livro e sobre seu advento na Modernidade, bem como nos estudos acerca da Guerra Holandesa e sua historicização.
Closing the Monetary Policy Curriculum Gap: A Primer for Educators Making the Transition to Teaching the Fed's Ample-Reserves Framework
Authors: Ihrig Jane , Wolla Scott
Published: October 2020

The Federal Reserve (the Fed), the central bank of the United States, has a Congressional mandate to promote maximum employment and price stability. While those goals were articulated in 1977, the approach and tools used to implement those objectives have changed over time.
What Drove Recent Trends in Corporate Bonds and Loans Usage?
Authors: Bochner Jacob , Wei Min , Yang Jie
Published: October 2020

U.S. nonfinancial business debt increased substantially in recent years in both absolute and relative terms and is now near its record high. Figure 1 shows that most of this increase was due to significant growth in investment-grade (IG) corporate bonds and institutional leveraged loans, while high-yield (HY) corporate bonds and C&I loans largely remained steady.
Adverse Selection Dynamics in Privately-Produced Safe Debt Markets
Authors: Foley-Fisher Nathan , Gorton Gary , Verani Stéphane
Published: October 2020

Privately-produced safe debt is designed so that there is no adverse selection in trade. This is because no agent finds it profitable to produce private information about the debt’s backing and all agents know this (i.e., it is information-insensitive). But in some macro states, it becomes profitable for some agents to produce private information, and then the debt faces adverse selection when traded (i.e., it becomes information-sensitive). We empirically study these adverse selection dynamics in a very important asset class, collateralized loan obligations, a large symbiotic appendage of the regulated banking system, which finances loans to below investment-grade firms.
1925 yılında Isparta vilayetinde konar-göçerlerin iskanı
Authors: YİĞİT İlker
Published: October 2020

XI. yüzyıldan itibaren yoğun Türk akının başladığı Anadolu topraklarına yerleşik hayatı benimsemiş olan köylü ve şehirlilerin yanında konar-göçer gruplar da gelmiştir. Anadolu’ya geldikten sonra söz konusu gruplardan bir kısmı zaman içerisinde yerleşik hayatı benimserken bir kısmı ise yaylak ve kışlak mekanları arasındaki faaliyetlerine devam etmişlerdir. XVII. yüzyıldan itibaren devlet eliyle konar-göçerler iskan edilmeye çalışıldı ise de bunun tam manasıyla başarılı olmadığı görülmektedir. Zira Osmanlının son dönemlerinde ve hatta Cumhuriyet devrinde konar-göçer grupları iskan çalışmaları devam etmiştir. Bu araştırmada da Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında Isparta çevresini yaylak, Antalya çevresini de kışlak olarak kullanan konar-göçerlerin Isparta vilayeti dahiline yerleştirilmeleri arşiv vesikaları üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Bu sahada bulunan konar-göçerlere yer gösterilmek ve arazi tahsis edilmek suretiyle Eğirdir kazasına karakoyunlu (200 kişi), Töngüşlü (50 kişi), Eski Yörük (50 kişi), Çakal (108 kişi) ve Honamlı (83 kişi); Uluborlu kazasına Honamlı (464 kişi), Karakoyunlu (342 kişi) ve Saçıkaralı (188 kişi); Karaağaç kazasına Karakoyunlu (103 kişi), Hayta (83 kişi) ve Saçıkaralı (25 kişi); Isparta kazasına Saçıkaralı (21 kişi); Yalvaç kazasına Saçıkaralı (183 kişi) aşireti iskan edilmiştir. Konar-göçerlerin kaza, nahiye, köy, çiftlik, yayla gibi yerleşmelerin yanı sıra çeşitli mevkilere de iskan edildiği görülmektedir.
Российский рынок труда через призму демографии
Authors: Гимпельсон Владимир , Капелюшников Роман
Published: October 2020

Монография представляет цикл исследований российского рынка труда через призму демографических процессов и характеристик. Рассматриваются разнонаправленные макроэкономические эффекты, связанные с процессом старения населения, и приводятся прогнозные оценки предстоящего сокращения рабочей силы и занятости и его влияния на темпы экономического роста. Среди обсуждаемых в книге тем — связь возраста с производительностью и заработной платой; особенности поведения молодежи и пожилых на рынке труда; влияние брачного поведения на неравенство и доходы; влияние фактора отцовства на поведение мужчин на рынке труда и др. Анализ опирается на большие массивы микроданных и широкое применение современных эконометрических методов. Во всех главах обсуждение ведется в контексте межстрановых сопоставлений, что высвечивает место России на фоне общемировых демографических трендов. Книга предназначена для экономистов, демографов и социологов, специалистов в области трудовых отношений, социальной и демографической политики.
Measuring the amuont of bacteria in a soil sample v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

Colony Forming Units (c.f.u) is a unit that is used in microbiology to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample. It also depends on their ability to multiply under controlled conditions. In the paper published by El-Hassan and Gowen, 2006, they analyzed various formulations of Bacillus subtilis by counting the CFU of B. subtilis present in every formulated product.
His-tag purification v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

His tag purification uses the technique of immobilised metal affinity chromatography. In this technique, transition metal ions are immobilized on a resin matrix using a chelating agent such as iminodiacetic acid. It has been studied that among amino acids constituting proteins, histidine is strongly involved in the coordinate bond with metal ions. Therefore, if a number of histidines are added to the end of the protein by genetic engineering, the affinity of the protein for the metal ion is remarkably increased and the basic idea is that purification can be easily carried out. When a protein having a His tag is brought into contact with a carrier on which a metal ion such as nickel is immobilized, the histidine residue chelates the metal ion and binds to the carrier. Since other proteins do not bind to the carrier, they can be washed off with a buffer. Thereafter, it is possible to recover the protein having the His tag with high purity.
Colony PCR v1
Authors: Wei Zhujun
Published: October 2020

This PCR method can be used to screen for inserted target genes or DNA sequencing analysis.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis v1
Authors: Wei Zhujun
Published: October 2020

The concentration of the agarose gel is 1%.
Restriction Digest v1
Authors: Wei Zhujun
Published: October 2020

This protocol includes three different methods of digestion.
Microplate reader operating procedure V.2 v1
Authors: Wei Zhujun
Published: October 2020

We use Tecan Spark® multimode microplate reader to measure absorbance.
Ideologies in College EFL Textbooks–A Content Analysis Based on Critical Pedagogy
Authors: Liu Hui
Published: October 2020

The goal of college English teaching is not only to convey language knowledge and improve students’ language skills, but also closely related to the current political, economic, social and cultural realities. Its textbooks are largely a manifestation of the country’s dominant ideology and also the way the ruling class realizes social control. This study, based on Professor Apple’s theory of critical pedagogy, attempts to provide an insight into the most commonly used college EFL textbooks in Mainland China and show what and how ideologies and values are presented on the pages. Literature and content analysis methods are employed. The results reveal that the two sets of textbooks are imbued with the ideological ideas which center on the theme of "harmony", highlighting the peaceful coexistence between the country, society and individuals. Dominant ideologies have been implemented as the core spirit of textbook compilation, and the themes such as multiplicity, equality, tolerance and so on frequently appear in explicit and implicit ways. The implicitness of political ideologies, the prominence of economic development, the dominance of social issues, the awakening of individual consciousness, etc. are expressed and transmitted through EFL textbooks.
Discussion of the Artistic Aesthetic Transformation between Film and Literature from the Perspective of Adaptation
Authors: Yu Anni
Published: October 2020

Literature relies on text reading to realize its artistic value. With the continuous replacement of communication means, literal reading may become a kind of classical or aristocratic sentiment. More and more people meet the needs of reading by means of image. Therefore, TV series or computer network related to it have become the most popular way, while film has become a very unique artistic way between literature and TV series. Since Chinese films have made some achievements in literary adaptation, this paper attempts to explore and discuss the essence of the artistic subject of the transformation of film and literature.
Outdoor Education and Assertive Attitude
Authors: Suhendra Dede Iman
Published: October 2020

This research examined the impact of outdoor education on student assertive attitude in Laboratorium Percontohan UPI Elementary School, Tasikmalaya Campus, Indonesia. The problem gained by the researcher in the learning process was the negative behavior that the researcher aimed to study. The samples of the study were 32 students chosen through a purposive sampling technique. The experimental method was used in this study. The data were obtained through an Assertive Scale questionnaire. The researcher conducted an initial study with the result 0,662. The final score of the research was 0,504, showing that Outdoor Education had a significant impact on assertive attitude development. This finding shows that outdoor education can be an alternative for the teachers of Physical Education at elementary schools to implement moral and ethics learning as well as a learning variation. The further research is suggested to conduct a research related to other affective aspects, such as emotion and empathy. The outdoor education indirectly gives impacts on the student attitude and acts as a self-reminder.
Resenha sobre Contra o juízo de Ester Maria Dreher Heuser (Org.)
Authors: Meneghatti Douglas
Published: October 2020

The text reviews the work Contra o Juízo: Deleuze e os herdeiros de Spinoza organized by Ester Heuser, with a preface written by Gonzalo Montenegro. The book is organized in four parts: “Juízo e Tragédia”; “Os Herdeiros de Spinoza”; “Contra o Juízo: a Luta de Nietzsche, Lawrence, Kafka e Artaud” and “Existência Contra o Juízo”. It provides a crucial debate bewteen Deleuze and the so-called heirs of Spinoza. With a dynamic methodology, the main writers who oppose the doctrine of judgment are presented, in a line that brings immanence as a motivation for the literary, artistic and philosophical activity.
Surgical manifestations and management of gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato-biliary ascariasis: an observational study
Authors: Anand Madhur , Topno Noor , Hajong Ranendra , Baruah Anoop J. , Khongwar Donkupar , Agarwal Swati
Published: October 2020

Background: Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest intestinal nematode parasite of humans. This study describes different presentations and management patterns of gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato-biliary ascariasis presenting to a tertiary centre of North-eastern India.Methods: This was a prospective observational study aimed to study the presentations and management patterns of Ascaris related surgical diseases including intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis and cholangitis in a tertiary centre of Northeast India. All consenting cases of gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato- biliary ascariasis admitted in our hospital were included.Results: Ninty patients with Ascaris sequeale were included, which included biliary ascariasis without cholangitis: 36, pancreatitis: 30, cholangitis: 18 and sub-acute intestinal obstruction: 6. Ultrasound was the most useful diagnostic investigation followed by stool examination and endoscopy. Hepato-pancreato-biliary ascariasis was managed conservatively and the progress monitored with sonography. The surgical management choledocho-duodenostomy was done for three patients having biliary ascariasis with unresolving obstructive jaundice and recurrent cholangitis on conservative management and 6 patients underwent therapeutic endoscopic worm removal. There were no deaths. No patient needed ICU care.Conclusions: Sonography can be helpful in diagnosing the presence of worms, its complications and in evaluating response to treatment. Hepato-pancreato-biliary ascariasis can be managed conservatively for majority of the patients.
A comparison of postoperative wound infection rates after preoperative hair removal with razors versus clippers in a sub-urban setting
Authors: Omolabake Bamidele I. , Ozoila Ken N.
Published: October 2020

Background: Preoperative hair removal from hair bearing areas is widely practised. Razors are widely used in poor resource settings despite concerns that they may be associated with surgical wound infection. In contrast, clippers are not commonly used in this setting because they are expensive. Objective was to compare effectiveness of depilation, cost and wound infection rates following the use of razors and clippers in preoperative hair removal in clean surgical operations in a resource-poor setting.Methods: A randomized controlled study was carried out over 1 year. Surgeries were randomized into two groups who had preoperative hair removal using razors and clippers respectively. The participants were then monitored postoperatively for wound infection.Results: Seventy-nine operative sites were assigned to each group. Seventy-six (96%) and 65 (82%) operative sites in the razor-shaved and hair-clipped group respectively had complete hair removal (p=0.005). Twenty-three (29%) and 4 (5%) operative sites in the razor-shaved and hair-clipped group respectively had some degree of skin injury (p=0.000). The total rate of wound infection was 5.7%, however, 7 (8.9%) and 2 (2.5%) operative sites in the razor-shaved and hair-clipped groups respectively were infected (p=0.167). The mean cost incurred in the razor-shaved and hair-clipped group was approximately N587±1,644.60 and N 1,272±883.46 respectively (p=0.001). Conclusions: Though razors provided more effective depilation, they caused more surface abrasions and were associated with more wound infections, though not statistically significant. Clippers are however associated with greater cost and this could be a major constraint where resources are limited.
Impact of endovascular pedal arteries revascularization on wound healing in patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: El Yamany Mohamed M. , Mohamed Hatem M. , Boulos Meera R. , Raffat Sherif A.
Published: October 2020

Background: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the final consequence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The management of this complex patient population often warrants a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration between endovascular interventionist, vascular surgeons, podiatrist, infectious disease, and wound care specialist. Objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of endovascular pedal arteries revascularization on wound healing in patients with critical limb ischemia.Methods: This was an interventional study conducted on 30 consecutive CLI patients underwent infra-genicular endovascular revascularization who attended to the outpatient department and emergency, Suez Canal university hospital complaining of symptoms of critical lower limb ischemia involving the foot (rest pain, ulcer and gangrene), during the period study from June 2017 till January 2019. Full detailed history, full examination, lab investigation, radiological imaging was done.Results: The pain intensity decreased from 7 to 4 post-procedural at 2nd day post-op, then to 3 at one week follow up and then it totally disappeared at one month follow up visit. The remaining patients who had incomplete PAA reported faster relieve of pain and more dramatic improve over time as it was totally relieved post procedural by time of discharge. The overall mean time required to achieve wound healing was 15±8 weeks.Conclusion: Successful pedal artery revascularization significantly improved wound healing in patients with CLI. Endovascular revascularization is effective to facilitate healing of wounds in CLI and can be performed without significant complications.
Urinary screening for detection of renal abnormalities in asymptomatic pre-school children referred to Ardabil city health centers from 2016 to 2017
Authors: Mohammadi-Kebar Susan , Zarea-Noghabi Javed , Hoseininia Saeid , Mahmoudi Davoud
Published: October 2020

Background: Urinary screening for detection of proteinuria, hematuria, and pyuria for early diagnosis curable or preventable renal disease in three decade has been considered. The aim of this study was urinary screening for Detection of renal abnormalities in asymptomatic pre-school children referred to health center in Ardabil city from 2016 to 2017.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that has been done on urine specimens of 350 children who referred to Ardabil city health center to injection DTP vaccine from April 2016 to Sep 2017. In these infants, proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria and urinary casts were examined and abnormal finding were referred to future investigation to nephrologist. Information was collected and analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 21.Results: A total of 350 children were enrolled in the study. There were 196 (56%) boys and 154 (44%) girls. The prevalence of urinary abnormalities in all children was 8.3%. Of all urinary abnormalities, proteinuria and hematuria were detected in 12 children (3.44 %). Of all infants, 9 children (2.57%) had pyuria. Also, 6 children (1.8%) had urinary casts that of them two cases had acid ureic cast and four cases had calcium oxalate cast.Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of urinary abnormalities in Ardabil city children was similar to other studies in other country or cities. The reasons of this may be different in race and ethnic. We suggest that routine urinalysis should be part of screening of children at the school entry in Ardabil.
Assessment of breast carcinoma by correlating BI-RADS scoring with mammographic density
Authors: Dhadiala Simranjit K. , Patankar Shilpa
Published: October 2020

Background: Breast density assessed by mammogram expressed in percentage of density of breast tissue reflects variations in breast tissue composition and is strongly associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The BI-RADS density method was created to indicate whether a mammogram represents a negative, benign or suspected malignant finding. To assess breast carcinoma by correlating breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) scoring with mammographic density.Methods: A total of 100 consecutive female patients with breast lump were assessed. The findings of the radiological examination and the histopathology results were subsequently analyzed to study the details of the breast disease in the group surveyed. BI-RADS classifications of breast density was extracted from mammography reports.Results: Majority of patients were having BI-RADS score 4 (33%) followed by BI-RADS score 5 (30%). Majority of the patients were having percentage breast density 4 (35%) followed by Percentage breast density 3 (28%). BI-RADS score and percentage breast density had statistically significant correlation (p<0.05).Conclusions: The BI-RADS score and percentage breast density by mammography had statistically significant correlation. Mammographic density is a strong breast cancer risk factor.
Our experience with retrograde technique in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Malligurki Vamsi K.
Published: October 2020

Background: Gall bladder pathologies are some of the commonly encountered conditions in one’s surgical practice. Cholecystectomy is among the routinely performed procedures in most surgical units. Laparoscopic surgery is preferred to open cholecystectomy because of its various advantages. In straightforward cases, the antegrade technique is routinely employed. The retrograde technique is generally reserved for the difficult cases. The retrograde technique may be used safely with adequate experience, thus reducing the need for conversion into open surgery.Methods: Total 100 cases of consecutive difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies were included in this study, which were operated using retrograde technique.Results: Out of the 100 patients 79 were females and 21 were males. Mean age of the patients was 44.2 years. Out of the 100 cases, 98 cases could be successfully managed using the retrograde technique. 2 cases were converted to open surgery. Bleeding was encountered in 3 cases, which was successfully managed laparoscopically. Bile duct injury was seen in 1 case which was managed after conversion.Conclusions: With adequate surgical expertise and proper instrumentation, retrograde dissection technique may be safely used in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy, reducing the rate of conversion to open surgery.