bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The structure of the gene pool of the southern tribal groups of tuvans
Authors: Damba L.D. , Ponomarev G.Yu. , Pylev V.Yu. , Balanovska E.V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The Y-gene pool of the southern Tuvan tribal groups – Soyan and Choodu – was first studied and their comparative analysis with representatives of Kyrgys (south-east of Tuva) and Oorzhak (west of Tuva) tribal groups was carried out. Purpose of the study: to determine the genetic status of the Soyan and Choodu tribal groups within the genetic landscape of the population of Southern Siberia.

Materials and methods. The sample (total N=150) included samples from representatives of Oorzhak (N=42), Soyan (N=29), Kyrgys (N=46) and Choodu (N=33) tribal groups. The genotyping panel included 60 SNP-markers of Y-chromosome, characteristic of the populations of Northern Eurasia.

Results. In the gene pools of studied tribal groups, 27 branches of 7 large haplogroups (C2, J2, N1, O, R1a, R1b) of Y-chromosome were identified. The main part of Choodu, Oorzhak, Soyan gene pools is represented by “North Eurasian” haplogroups (N1, Q) and Kyrgys gene pool is dominated by “East Eurasian” haplogroups C2 and O. The “West-Eurasian” haplogroups, mainly represented by subhaplogroup R1a1a-Z93, account for less than a quarter of the gene pool of all four studied groups, without revealing a clear geographical trend. In the genetic space of the population of Southern Siberia the Soyan, Choodu and Kyrgys, together with other of Tuvan tribal groups, formed the Tuvan-Tofalar claster. Tuvan-Tofalar, Altai and Khakass clusters indicate three sources of gene pool of the indigenous population of Southern Siberia. Maps of genetic distances showed greater similarity of the Soyan and Choodu with the rest of Tuvan tribal groups than with other populations of Southern Siberia. But the map of genetic distances from Kyrgyz reveals a different pattern: areal of genetically similar populations is more extensive, covering southern and southeastern Tuva, Mongolia and western Buryatia.

Conclusion. The prevalence of “North-Eurasian” haplogroups in the gene pools of the studied Tuvan tribal groups and data of historians, ethnographers, linguists and geneticists suggest that their gene pool was formed at the Samoyed-Ket layer (VI-III centuries BC), and the accumulation of Central Asian component in the gene pool of Kyrgys occurred at a later stage of Kyrgys gene pool formation, presumably from the XII-XVIII centuries. Analysis of the gene pool of Tuvans through their tribal groups structure makes a significant contribution to the reconstruction of the ethnogenesis of Tuvan tribal groups, along with the data of anthropologists, historians, ethnographers and linguists.
Improving hot corrosion behaviour of Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings by reinforcing nano yttria stabilized zirconia at 850 °C
Authors: Singh Sukhjinder , Goyal Khushdeep , Bhatia Rakesh
Published: October 2024

Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)-enhanced Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings were applied to T22 boiler tube steel using the High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) method. Conventional Ni-20Cr, 5 wt.% YSZ- Cr3C2-25NiCr, and 10 wt.% YSZ- Cr3C2-25NiCr composite coatings were prepared. High-temperature corrosion tests were conducted on both uncoated and coated samples in a Na2SO4-60%V2O5 environment at 850°C under fluctuating thermal conditions. These experiments were carried out in a silicon tube furnace at high temperatures, with each sample subjected to 50 cycles of exposure. Each cycle consisted of 1 hour in the corrosive environment followed by 20 minutes of cooling at room temperature. Corrosion products were analyzed using energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of YSZ to the Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings significantly improved corrosion resistance, with the Ni-20Cr, 5 wt.% YSZ-Ni-20Cr, and 10 wt.% Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings reducing overall weight gain by 73.08%, 84.70%, and 89.96%, respectively, compared to uncoated T22 steel.
Uso de worldwall como herramienta virtual para la mejora del pensamiento lógico matemático de estudiantes de primero de básica
Authors: Guevara- Ibarra Maria José , Romero-Moreno Jenny Irlanda , Anzules- Ballesteros Juan Eduardo , Tapia- Bastida Tatiana
Published: October 2024

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue el medir a la aplicación Worldwall como herramienta virtual para la mejora del pensamiento lógico matemático de estudiantes de primero de básica. El problema encontrado, es la poca importancia e interés que ofrecen los estudiantes de primero de básica. La metodología aplicó el diseño cuasiexperimental, en el que se hizo la división del período educativo, siendo en el primero aplicado el método normal de enseñanza y el segundo con el uso de wordwall  y posterior la comparación de los resultados y finalmente midiendo la satisfacción del uso de la herramienta. El Ks de una muestra determinó que se rechazaba la hipótesis nula. La fuerte correlación positiva entre la estrategia educativa Worldwall y el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico matemático respalda la integración de esta herramienta en el currículo educativo, proporcionando una base empírica para futuras investigaciones y aplicaciones prácticas en el ámbito educativo.
Urgencia de la bioética en cuidado ambiental en la parroquia urbana San Lorenzo del cantón Jipijapa
Authors: Ponce-López José Damián , Gras-Rodríguez René
Published: October 2024

La investigación urgencia de la bioética en cuidado Ambiental en la parroquia urbana San Lorenzo del cantón Jipijapa es de suma importancia debido a varios factores como conciencia ambiental, contaminación en las vías y el manejo inadecuado de los desechos sólidos; el objetivo fue analizar la urgencia de la bioética en el cuidado ambiental en la parroquia urbana San Lorenzo. La metodología permitió, utilizar la investigación teórica, con el objetivo de obtener información relevante de urgencia de la bioética en el cuidado ambiental, además, el método hipotético - deductivo porque se trabajó a partir de la hipótesis planteada y al final obtener conclusiones, la población fue los habitantes de la parroquia urbana San Lorenzo de Jipijapa; para sacar la muestra se aplicó la fórmula para poblaciones finitas: la técnica utilizada fue la encuesta dirigida a jefes de hogar; el instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario. Los resultados indican que los habitantes deben estar al cuidado de la naturaleza y el ambiente, están de acuerdo en que están en la capacidad de asumir responsabilidades ecológicas y bioéticas; también es necesario conocer los fundamentos para poder incentivar el interés de las personas para aplicar la bioética en las personas para mejorar las relaciones de los habitantes con el medio ambiente y poner en práctica los principios de la bioética; además es necesario capacitar a los habitantes de la parroquia en dos temas importantes como el cuidado ambiental y desarrollar la innovación en prácticas sostenibles para no incentivar el deterioro del medio ambiente.
New and rare myxomycetes (Mycetozoa, Myxogastria) in Norway Part 2
Authors: Johannesen Edvin W. , Vetlesen Per
Published: October 2024

In this paper, 51 myxomycete species and 8 varieties are reported as new to Norway. Of these, 40 species are reported from the Nordic/Baltic region for the first time. This paper brings the number of myxomycetes known from Norway to a total of 414 species and 31 varieties. An updated checklist of Norwegian myxomycete species and varieties is provided, as well as a list of Norwegian vernacular names.
Prediction and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ansari Gufran Ahmad , Shafi Bhat Salliah , Dilshad Ansari Mohd , Ahmad Sultan , A. M. Abdeljaber Hikmat
Published: October 2024

Introduction: One of the most common types of cancer and a significant contributor to the high death rates among women is breast cancer. It usually occurs in women. It is crucial to acquire a diagnosis early in order to kill cancer from becoming worse. 
Objective: The traditional diagnosing procedure takes more time. A fast and useful option can apply Machine Learning Technique (MLT) to identify illnesses. However new technology creates a variety of high-dimensional data kinds particularly when it comes to health or cancer data. 
Methods: Data classification techniques like Machine Learning are efficient. Particularly in the medical field where such techniques are often utilised to make decisions via diagnosis and analysis. Using Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset, the proposed research was carried out (WBCD). Some of these issues may be solved using the feature selection approach. 
Results: This research analyses the classification accuracy of different MLT: Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbour. According to experiment results, SVM has the best accuracy of all algorithms, at 97.12%. 
Conclusion: The mentioned prediction models are based on several supervised MLT. Tenfold cross validation is applied. Additionally, author also proposed a Flow chart of breast Cancer using MLT.
AI in the Sky: Developing Real-Time UAV Recognition Systems to Enhance Military Security
Authors: Mowafaq Salem Alzboon , Muhyeeddin Alqaraleh , Al-Batah Mohammad Subhi
Published: October 2024

In an era where Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become crucial in military surveillance and operations, the need for real-time and accurate UAV recognition is increasingly critical. The widespread use of UAVs presents various security threats, requiring systems that can differentiate between UAVs and benign objects, such as birds. This study conducts a comparative analysis of advanced machine learning models to address the challenge of aerial classification in diverse environmental conditions without system redesign. Large datasets were used to train and validate models, including Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, ensemble methods, and Random Forest Gradient Boosting Machines. These models were evaluated based on accuracy and computational efficiency, key factors for real-time application. The results indicate that Neural Networks provide the best performance, demonstrating high accuracy in distinguishing UAVs from birds. The findings emphasize that Neural Networks have significant potential to enhance operational security and improve the allocation of defense resources. Overall, this research highlights the effectiveness of machine learning in real-time UAV recognition and advocates for the integration of Neural Networks into military defense systems to strengthen decision-making and security operations. Regular updates to these models are recommended to keep pace with advancements in UAV technology, including more agile and stealthier designs
Evidence of the usefulness of clinical simulation in building the professional competencies of medical students
Authors: Palacios Baldoceda Darcy Walter , Teragni Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Introduction: clinical simulation is a key tool for balancing medical skills development and patient safety.Objective: to identify possible points for improvement in the learning of medical skills in clinical simulation within the IAU as judged by students.Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. UAI students who had taken the rotating internship and received simulation sessions were selected. The study setting will be exclusively university and data will be collected by means of surveys. The surveys were elaborated according to McGaghie's 12 sections.Results: the survey was administered to 57 students, with a gender distribution of 33 % male and 67 % female. 57 % had previous experience in a health center outside the IAU. Seventy-five percent considered the simulation to be effective in acquiring skills, and 79 % thought that the evaluations reflected their competencies. However, 63 % thought that the transfer to clinical practice could be improved, and 47 % saw teamwork as ineffective.Conclusions: although the simulations are valued for their realism and effectiveness, areas for improvement were identified, such as curricular integration, evaluation methods, exposure time, and instructor training. It is also suggested to optimize the transfer of skills to real clinical practice and teamwork training
Level of work stress in teachers from several schools in the province of Santo Domingo
Authors: Calderón Landívar Ruthr , Carrera Macías María Angeline , Calazacón Aguavil Erika Mariela , Chávez-Arizala Jenrry Fredy
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Stress is a condition that is currently common in the workplace, being a physiological reaction to difficult or demanding situations.Objective: to determine the level of work stress in teachers from several schools in the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, 2021Methods: quantitative, applied research, the sample consisted of 120 teachers from different schools who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria; the ED-6 scale was applied, which consisted of 6 dimensions and 27 questions related to anxiety, depression, pressure, discouragement, etc.Results: they indicated that stress is found in a high rate among teachers, correlating physiological responses, psychosocial and emotional factors to mental and physical demand, therefore, it was found that 39% of the respondents suffer from tension at work corresponding to the anxiety dimension, being only surpassed by the dimension of stress due to poor coping with a percentage of 51%.Conclusions: teachers have normal stress levels due to anxiety and poor coping, and low levels due to depression, maladaptive beliefs, pressures and demotivation. Although stress can affect their adaptation to changes, the work environment is positive, which suggests that it does not significantly impact their performance or general well-being.
Empowering Public Health: The Impact of Infographics in Raising Awareness, Informing, and Educating India
Authors: Kulkarni Annaro , Joshi Krupal , Jasani Krishna
Published: October 2024

In a country as diverse and densely populated as India, effective communication is essential for the success of public health initiatives. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, speaking numerous languages and living under various socio-economic conditions, traditional communication methods often fail to reach every segment of society. In this context, public health infographics have become an indispensable tool, providing a visually engaging and easily comprehensible means of conveying critical health information. This editorial examines the significance of public health infographics in India, their impact on raising public awareness, and how they can be leveraged to improve health outcomes nationwide.
Emergence of Long COVID: Threat to Humanity Persists!
Authors: Bharati Kaushik
Published: October 2024

The transition of COVID-19 from a pandemic to an endemic disease will result in the further spread of SARS-CoV-2 among the vulnerable populations, especially those who still remain unvaccinated. Thus, infections are destined to increase and the majority of humanity will become infected within a short span of time. As with most viral infections, post-infection sequelae are a reality for COVID too. In fact, it has already been observed that 10-20% of COVID patients who have fully recovered, go on to develop lingering symptoms that persist for a long period of time. This has been termed as long COVID or post-COVID condition. This underscores the fact that the danger still looms and we’re not out of the woods yet. The present review article highlights the major facets of long COVID and suggests possible remedial measures that could make it a thing of the past.
An Epidemiological study on early detection of cervical cancer and barriers for seeking preventive Healthcare among rural females in North India
Authors: Ahmad Sameena , Eram Uzma , Abedi Ali Jafar , Mehnaz Saira , Ahmad Absar , Saif Shyna
Published: October 2024

Lack of sufficient knowledge about detection and prevention of cervical cancer has made it one of the fastest growing cancers among Indian women. 200 rural women, ages 30 to 60, were evaluated as part of this cross-sectional research that took place in Jawan Village. Information was gathered via a standardized questionnaire that examined sociodemographic, awareness of cervical cancer, and barriers to receiving healthcare. IBM SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. The majority of the participants were homemakers and uneducated. Only 28.5% knew about cancer, and 71% had no idea that it can be cured if diagnosed early. 11% of respondents felt that tobacco use had a minimal impact on cervical cancer. Domestic responsibilities (61%) were mirrored in barriers to healthcare access. Moreover, 68% of respondents were unaware of the availability of HPV vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer. The critical need for focused health education initiatives and increased access to healthcare in rural regions is highlighted by this study. Comprehensive public health programs should target sociocultural obstacles, increase public knowledge of government institutions, and close knowledge gaps about cervical cancer.
Extent and Pattern of Physiotherapy Profession: A pilot Study
Authors: Mahajan Jaya , Dubey Dharmendra
Published: October 2024

Question: What is the level of awareness and understanding of the Physiotherapy profession among the general population of Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), India? Objective: To evaluate the general awareness of the physiotherapy profession among the general population of Delhi National Capital Region (NCR). Design: A cross-sectional survey and qualitative analysis of multiple-choice responses. Participants and Methods: In this pilot study total responses 250 and participants were randomly selected from the general public in areas of Delhi NCR were collected using an investigator-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed with MS office and SPSS. Results: In this study there were 250 respondents, out of them 121 (48%) were males and 129 (52%) were females. Out of total participants only 1% were illiterate and 99% were literate. 88% of the respondents were aware of the term ‘physiotherapy’ and 12% had never heard about it. 52% had the knowledge of a physiotherapist’s qualifications and 49% had knowledge of various physiotherapy services. Lack of awareness and knowledge was thought to be the main cause behind why people do not access physical therapy services, followed by the perception that it is all about massage and lastly that it is just for the elderly population, with figures 67%, 22% and 11%, respectively. Conclusion: The study’s participants had moderate level of awareness and positive belief regarding physiotherapy. The findings suggested that there is still a need to increase the awareness of the role of a physiotherapist among the general population so that its maximum potential can be tapped.
Conference Equity in Community Medicine: A Brief Analysis of Financial and Geographical Barriers to Participation at Community Medicine Conferences
Authors: Raj Ankit , Singh Shalini
Published: October 2024

Background: Academic conferences in community medicine offer valuable learning platform for postgraduate residents and faculty. However, to demonstrate commitment towards conference equity, financial and geographical barriers need to be enumerated and eliminated. Materials & Methods: Academic medical conferences representing the specialty of community medicine or preventive and social medicine, held between 1st April 2023 – 31st March 2024, were included under the study. Variables identified for the study included registration fees, location, affiliation to professional society, geographical scope, presence of virtual/hybrid component, and availability of scholarship/travel grant for postgraduate residents. Results: None of the conferences were held in resource-constrained states of India – the North Eastern Region (except Assam) and islands of Andaman, Nicobar, and Lakshadweep. Only 2 out of 31 conferences had virtual or hybrid component and none of the conferences offered financial support for postgraduate residents. The study found no significant difference in conference registration fees between members and non-members for postgraduate residents and faculty. Conclusions: Registration fees and location of conferences are critical geographical and financial barriers to effective participation. Membership to societies offer no advantage over non-membership in terms of financial benefits of participation at conference.
Sustaining Current Policies and Introducing New Initiatives: Strategic Five-year Plan for the Government of India
Authors: Bhattacharya Sudip , Gopal K Madan , Garg Suneela
Published: October 2024

A review of key documents, including political manifestos and reports from NITI Aayog and WHO, outlines healthcare priorities for 2024-2029, aligned with Viksit Bharat 2047 and the UN SDGs. Key actions include expanding Universal Health Coverage through Ayushman Bharat, improving rural healthcare, addressing medical staff shortages, and leveraging digital health, telemedicine, and interoperable records. National missions targeting disease prevention, mental health, and non-communicable diseases aim to promote healthier lifestyles. Strengthening public health preparedness and health information systems, while promoting traditional medicine, is also essential. Expanding maternal and child health programs, increasing access via AB-PMJAY, ensuring quality through NQAS, and driving innovation with R&D funding are vital. Enhanced tobacco control through COTPA, higher taxes, and NTCP campaigns, along with investments in WASH infrastructure through Swachh Bharat and Jal Jeevan Missions, will improve health outcomes. Geriatric care, digitalisation, digital health, mental health, community health workers, and partnerships are critical. Initiatives like healthcare innovation hubs, mobile clinics, and health equity programs will build a resilient, inclusive healthcare system and improve national health.
REMITTING SERONEGATIVE SYMMETRICAL SYNOVITIS WITH PITTING EDEMA (RS3PE) IN A 75-YEAR-OLD WOMAN: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Cansu Döndü Üsküdar , Korkmaz Cengiz
Published: October 2024

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) is a rare inflammatory condition seen in elderly people. The disease is a syndrome characterized by sudden-onset swelling and pitting edema, holding hands and feet, especially in the distal extremities. RS3PE may be an alone disease or associated with malignancy, inflammatory rheumatic diseases or infections. The pathophysiology is not very clear. Its prevalence is not well known. Due to the presence in the elderly, especially polymyaljia rheumatica (PMR) and late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (LORA) is involved in the differential diagnosis. There are several criteria defined for diagnosis. Especially cases of RS3PE that are not associated with malignancy respond well to low-dose steroids. Although the relationship with cancer is known, it is not clear which patients should be screened for cancer. Our aim in this article is to present a patient with RS3PE and to remind physicians dealing with the geriatric population of the existence of RS3PE and to emphasize its importance.
From the History of the Publication of the Opera The Woman with the Dagger: Vladimir Rebikov — Boris Jurgenson — Arthur Schnitzler
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of Music named after A. G. Schnittke, Shabshaevich Elena M.
Published: October 2024

The article elucidates the history of the publication of Vladimir Ivanovich Rebikov’s opera The Woman with the Dagger in the Moscow-based publishing house P. Jurgenson, spanning the years 1910–1912. The context is disclosed of the creation of the work occurring at the beginning of the late period of the composer’s creativity, and a short characterization is given of the opera’s dramatic source — a play with the same title by outstanding Austrian dramaturgist and writer of the modern period of the early 20th century. The vicissitudes of the signing of the contract between the composer and the dramaturgist for the right of making use of the play leading to the two men’s resulting agreement with the publishing house are set forth in detail. Special attention is drawn to the new Russian copyright law of that time, created in 1911 with the influence of European legislation, and the rules are described that had to be followed by composers who set their music to already published texts when their works were performed outside of the Russian Empire. Light is shed on the circumstances of the creation of a new Russian libretto for the opera that simultaneously met the requirements of the law, Schnitzler’s wishes and Rebikov’s already written text (an adaptation of Lina Esbeer), the picture for the cover of the cover of the piano-vocal score (drawn by Czech artist Rudolf Adamek), as well as the details of the publication of the piano-vocal score and the brochure with the libretto by Jurgenson’s publishing house. The materials of the article are based on the correspondence of Vladimir Ivanovich Rebikov, the publisher at that time, Boris Petrovich Jurgenson and Arthur Schnitzler, the manuscripts of the opera The Woman with the Dagger (the piano-vocal score and the full orchestral score), as well as Rebikov’s biography, all of which are preserved in the archives of the Russian National Museum of Music. The epistolary is brought into scholarly use for the first time in that capacity; Schnitzler’s letters are published for the first time.
Vocal Ornamentation in Caccini: From Theory to Practice
Authors:   The State Musical Pedagogical Institute named after M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, Kruglova Elena V.
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of the published article is to study the role and determine the possibility of using jewelry in Giulio Caccini vocal music. The composer, the creator of the “new” style, the first among his contemporaries in the preface to the collections of arias and madrigals Le nuove musiche (1602) and Nuove musiche e nuova maniera di scriverle (1614) outlined the main positions of the school of artistic singing, where he reports on the recording of his compositions how to perform. This often leads performers into confusion about the possibility of using any jewelry. As a result, today, in some cases, Caccini music sounds monotonous, uninteresting. In the Baroque era, there was a clear discrepancy between practice and musical notation. An in-depth study and comparison of musical sources, their historical understanding, evaluation based on documentary and theoretical evidence allows us to identify the real practice and features of reproducing jewelry offered by Caccini for performance. As a result, the author of the article emphasizes the need to rethink the approach to performance, in particular, concerning the application of various ornamental effects. In this regard, it becomes important to observe their main purpose: to enhance the affect and mood of the composition through expressive transmission of the word.
THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC COUNSELING GUIDANCE ON COMMUNITY LEGAL AWARENESS IN KULON PROGO REGENCY
Authors: Pahlewi Reza Mina
Published: October 2024

Legal awareness is a crucial factor in building an orderly and compliant society. In Kulon Progo Regency, although an Islamic counseling program has been implemented, its influence on community legal awareness remains to be studied. This research aims to measure the influence of Islamic counseling guidance on community legal awareness in Kulon Progo Regency and examine the extent to which the program may influence the current level of legal compliance. This research adopted a quantitative method with a survey approach. The sample consisted of 100 respondents randomly selected among communities in Kulon Progo Regency. Data was collected through a questionnaire that measured the level of legal awareness prior to and upon following the Islamic counseling guidance. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tests to assess significant changes in legal awareness. The research findings revealed a significant increase in the community's legal awareness after participating in the Islamic counseling guidance. The average legal awareness score increased from 62% to 78%, with a p value <0.05 indicating that this change was statistically significant. Islamic counseling guidance has a positive influence on community legal awareness in Kulon Progo Regency. The program is effective in improving legal understanding and compliance among participants. This research recommends that Islamic counseling guidance should be expanded and promoted further to achieve a greater impact within the community.
EFFECTIVENESS OF COLLAPSE THERAPIES IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TB PATIENTS WITH DRUG RESISTANCE
Authors:   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Chernykh N.A. , Chumovatov N.V. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Komissarova O.G. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Romanov V.V. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2024

Objective: to evaluate effectiveness of collapse therapies – artificial pneumoperitoneum (APP) and valve bronchial blockage (VBB) – in the complex treatment of pulmonary TB patients with drug resistance. Materials and methods. We carried out a retrospective analysis of case records of pulmonary TB patients admitted to hospital in 2014–2023. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 181 patients with destructive pulmonary TB and multiple/ extensive drug resistance (MDR/XDR), they received chemotherapy complemented by APP and VBB; group 2 included 84 patients with destructive pulmonary TB and MDR/XDR, they received chemotherapy alone due to different impartial reasons. Chemotherapy regimens for MDR/XDR TB considered individual drug tolerance during the whole observation period. Results. After two months of treatment sputum conversion confirmed by microscopy and cultural studies was observed in 72.9% of group 1 and 57.1% of group 2 (p = 0,01), cavity closure confirmed by X-ray examinations was observed more frequently in group 1 than group 2 (65.7 vs 39.3% respectively, p < 0.001). Additional applications of VBB enabled to increase the incidence of cavity closure in group 1 vs group 2 (71.3 and 54.8%, respectively, p = 0.01). Conclusion. The results demonstrated that applications of collapse therapies in the complex treatment of pulmonary TB patients with MDR/XDR improved treatment effectiveness as confirmed by sputum conversion and cavity closure vs chemotherapy alone.
الأصول اللفظية: أصالة الحقيقة والعموم/دراسة استدلالية
Authors: العامري م.د. محمد عبد الهادي شاكر
Published: October 2024

يدور البحث الموسوم (الأصول اللفظية: أصالة الحقيقة والعموم/دراسة استدلالية) حول الأصول اللفظية التي تُعدّ الأساس والمعتمد عند الشك في المراد من إطلاق اللفظ ، كونه دخيلاً بالأدلة الشرعية اللفظية ومايترتب عليها من أحكام شرعية فلمعرفة مقصود ومراد الشارع المقدس لابد من إتباع بعض القواعد أو الأصول من قبيل أصالة الظهور واصالة عدم القرينية، وغيرهما ، والبحث يدور بشكل خاص حول  أصالتي الحقيقة والعموم من جهة المفهوم والدلالة وإثبات الدليل على هذا الأصل وأيضا من جهة التمسك بهذا الأصل في مقام الحجة والمشروعية، وقد توصل البحث الى جملة من النتائج كان أهمها  أنّ الأصول اللفظية حجيتها مستمدة من حجية الظهور ، لأن حقيقتها ، ومرجعها إليها ، وأنّ أصالة الحقيقة هي عبارة عن رجحان إرادة المعنى الحقيقي في نظر المخاطب عند الشك في مراده أصالة العموم هي التطابق بين الدلالة التصديقية الأولى والثانية عند الشك في مراد المتكلم من جهة إرادته وقصده للعموم .
Perspective Chapter: Heavy Metals – Sources of Releasing Into Ecosystems, Biological Importance, Toxicity, and Sorption Methods
Authors: Fatullayeva Sevda , Tagiyev Dilgam , Zeynalov Nizami , Tagiyev Shamil
Published: October 2024

Environmental pollution with heavy metals is one of the most important environmental problems of this century. Bioaccumulating in the food chain, heavy metals exhibit high toxicity toward living organisms. To prevent serious risks to human health, eliminating the toxicity of these metals in air, soil, and water is of great importance. The chapter reviews modern data on the distribution of heavy metals in the environment, living organisms, their toxicity, and the development of new effective sorbents for their removal from the environment and living organisms. A large number of studies are devoted to the synthesis, modification, and properties of new effective sorption materials toward heavy metals. New information is presented in the field of application of the enterosorption method as one of the promising areas for removing heavy metals from the living organism, as well as in the prophylaxis and treatment of various diseases.
Challenges to Diagnose Chagas Disease in Endemic Areas
Authors: R. Dias Evandro , M. Durans Andressa , A.L. Teixeira-Pinto Luiz , W. Provance David , G. De-Simone Salvatore
Published: October 2024

Chagas disease is an important neglected tropical disease, and this chapter focuses on the prospect of using rapid tests in remote endemic areas for its diagnosis. A major issue with available approaches is the need for a single serological assay with the specificity and sensitivity necessary to deliver results confidently to detect true positives without false positives or negatives. Currently, the WHO and Brazilian Health Ministry recommend performing two tests that utilize different platforms and methodologies. A positive diagnosis of chronic infections requires that both tests return positive results. In cases of divergent results, protocols stipulate applying a third test using another technique and collecting a new sample of biological material is recommended. In remote areas without the laboratory infrastructure and health professionals necessary to perform conventional tests, these requirements result in higher costs and diagnosis delays that disproportionately impact neglected populations. The situation also compromises screening donated blood in blood banks, which leads to discarding bags due to dubious results. Recent advances in key reagents for lateral flow assays and their evaluations suggest that a new generation of rapid tests may improve the diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease.
Structure, Function, and Genetic Variation of CYP2D6, a Cytochrome Metabolizing Drugs
Authors: Parietti Rachele , Laura Bernardoni Bianca , D’Agostino Ilaria , Campisi Luca , La Motta Concettina
Published: October 2024

Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a large family of heme-containing monooxygenase enzymes involved in the metabolism of organic compounds. They take part in both the synthesis of endogenous compounds and the disposal of xenobiotics, being particularly involved in drug metabolism. Among the members of the family, the 2D6 isoform is the most extensively investigated one. Having a highly polymorphic nature, with remarkable inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences, its activity may differ significantly from individual to individual. As it is responsible for metabolizing many clinically relevant therapeutic compounds, its features make it difficult to strike a balance between the therapeutic and the toxic effects of drugs being taken. This chapter deals with the CYP superfamily, focusing on CYP2D6. Special emphasis has been given to the genetic polymorphism of the enzyme to provide the readers with a clear picture of its importance in the management of drug administration.
Validating the Persian Version of the Self-stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) Scale
Authors: Hedayati Fatemeh , Mohammadjafari Atefeh , Mirsepassi Zahra , Amini Homayoun
Published: October 2024

Background: Stigma presents significant barriers to mental health treatment, influencing treatment decisions and recovery outcomes. Standardized rating scales play a crucial role in assessing Self-stigma, which is essential for intervention efforts aimed at improving mental health outcomes globally. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the internal consistency, face validity, content validity, and factor structure of the Persian version of the Self-stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale in a group of people with mental health disorders referred to the outpatient clinics of Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital and several private clinics in Tehran, Iran. Methods: First, a bilingual psychiatrist translated the scale into Persian. Content and face validity were then evaluated by six psychiatrists. A pilot test was conducted with ten patients to assess comprehensibility. A back translation into English was performed by a non-professional, and the result was compared to the original version by a bilingual psychiatrist. The final Persian version of the questionnaire was administered to 347 patients with various mental health disorders, recruited from Roozbeh Hospital, a referral psychiatry hospital, and several private clinics in Tehran. Demographic characteristics were collected via questionnaires, and the type of disorder was determined based on the specialist's evaluation. This process was conducted from October 2023 to May 2024. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were calculated, and internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald's Omega tests. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to explore and understand the data structure. Results: The Persian version demonstrated reasonable comprehensibility and translation equivalence, ensuring both semantic and content equivalence. The SSOSH achieved a CVI > 0.8 and CVR > 0.96. All items obtained an acceptable score (greater than 1.5) for face validity. The internal consistency of the total score was good (α = 0.733, ω = 0.818). The EFA revealed that the Persian version had three factors accounting for 57% of the total variance, and the CFA suggested this model fits the data reasonably well, though there is room for improvement. Conclusions: The Persian SSOSH scale exhibits good internal consistency and acceptable face and content validity for use in Persian-speaking patients with mental health disorders. While the three-factor structure identified by the EFA requires further investigation, the application of this tool among other Iranians warrants additional evaluation.
Assessment of Smartness Status in Public Hospitals and Its Relationship with Characteristics and Performance Indicators
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Hadi , Poormoosa Yasaman , Amerzadeh Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Background: The need for smartification is increasingly recognized in public hospitals, making it crucial to identify the current status, gaps, and factors influencing hospital smartness. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the smartness status of public hospitals and investigate its correlation with hospital characteristics and performance indicators. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in seven public hospitals in Alborz Province, Iran, during 2023 - 2024. We assessed the characteristics and performance indicators of the hospitals using a researcher-developed questionnaire and evaluated their smartness status with the standardized "Smart Hospital Evaluation" checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS24 software, utilizing independent t-tests, Pearson's correlation, Spearman's correlation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Results: The smartness status of the hospitals was found to be moderate, with 71% of hospitals falling into this category. A significant correlation was observed between the smartness of hospital units, the type of hospital (teaching or non-teaching), and the hospital's specialization (specialized or general) (P = 0.013). Significant and direct correlations were also found between information technology and hospital units (P = 0.043), management systems and clinical processes (P = 0.008), and overall smartness and clinical processes (P = 0.049). Conclusions: Public hospitals need improvements in smartness indicators. Factors such as whether the hospital is teaching or non-teaching and whether it is specialized or general should be taken into account. Moreover, hospital smartification efforts should adopt a comprehensive approach, considering all dimensions of smartness.
Domestic Barriers for Exporting Handicrafts from Bangladesh: An Investigation
Authors:   University of Dhaka, Mehtaj Mouri , Akhter Jebu Shermin ,   University of Dhaka
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The goal of the study is to investigate and demonstrate the major domestic barriers that are adversely affecting our handicraft products to compete in the international market. Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire has been prepared to collect data from eight organizations who directly involved with exporting handicrafts from Bangladesh. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been used to identify the major domestic barriers. Also, face-to-face interview with the secretary of Banglacraft have been performed to gain detailed idea. Findings: The study has found three main domestic barriers which includes lack of skill, absence of creativity and lack of dedication. They have significant influence on the exporting process of handicraft items of Bangladesh. Practical Implications: Recently, handicraft articles have growing demand because of their environment-friendly type. Even in the covid-19 pandemic, customers use these green products in their daily doings. Thus, this study might help the authority to realize the situation and take necessary actions to expand the market. Originality/Value: Previously, a number of studies have been conducted on the overall obstacles of manufacturing, selling and exporting handicrafts. This study has specified a profound understanding on the local barriers for exporting handicrafts from Bangladesh. Research Limitations: Some limitations of the study are shortage of budget, time constrain and perceptional differences of the respondents. Also, use of mean value, small sample size might have an impact on the output of the analysis.
Assessment of variability for biochemical and mineral contents in fenugreek germplasm
Authors: Meena V S , Herenz R , Bhardwaj R , Mahatma M K , Singh K , Shekhawat N , Singh G P
Published: October 2024

Thirty accessions of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecumL.) were investigated for the morphological and proximate composition of (moisture, protein, phenols, total antioxidants and mineral contents) during 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. The genotypes showed a wide range of variations in the biochemical parameters. The fully mature leaves of fenugreek germplasm were subjected to biochemical analysis and revealed a wide range of variability in biochemical traits viz.  Protein (3.19 to 5.57%) ascorbic acid content (31.8 to 82.5 ug/ g-1), phenol content (0.74 to 2.74 mg GAE g-1) and total antioxidants capacity (0.60 to 5.11 mg Trolox/g). EC 510685 was identified for green- copper color leaf with high antioxidant content of leaves ((5.11 mM Trolox/g), EC510717 was found rich in protein (5.5 %) and Zn content (1.12 mg/100 gm).EC510559 was reported to have higher Ca content (360mg100g-1) while EC510579 was observed with a higher test weight (20.15g). Significant differences were also recorded in mineral content viz. Ca (105 to 360mg/100 gm), Zn (0.34 to 1.2mg/100 gm) and mg (45.7 to 131mg/100 gm). Based on the evaluation superior genotypes identified can be exploited either for the promotion of antioxidants rich fenugreek, coloured leaves genotype for ornamental purposes and minerals-rich genotypes in the processing industry for fortification of fenugreek by developing products with other functional food to overcome malnutrition. This information could also be used to develop antioxidant-rich varieties through a suitable breeding approach.
Damage and insecticidal control of stem borer (Busseola fusca L; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in Halhal Begoss
Authors: Haile A
Published: October 2024

A maize stem borer (Busseola fusca L) control study was conducted in Halhal Begos with the objectives of assessing the damage caused by the pest and identifying the simple method of control. The treatments used were Furadan 1G, Carbaryl 85%WP, Cymbush 1G and control. The data collected were larval count, dead heart count, tunnel length, per cent infestation at 30 and 45 days after emergency. The larval count was taken from the border rows, and yield was taken from the central row at harvest. All agronomic data, like the date to the heading plant height etc were taken on time. The results of the study showed that all the pesticides used gave good control of the larvae. Furadan gave the highest yield benefit and monetary value compared to the check.
Investigation of stem gall disease prevalence in coriander in Humid South-Eastern plain Zone-V of Rajasthan
Authors: Gurjar H , Meena CB , Yadav D L , Verma P , Singh K , Brijesh
Published: October 2024

Production of coriander is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, diseases have been identified as significant limiting factors caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Stem gall caused by the fungus Protomyces macrosporus Unger is the most prevalent and damaging disease of coriander. The field survey of stem gall disease of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger in Humid South Eastern Plain Zone-V of Rajasthan was conducted at five locations in each district viz., Kota, Baran and Jhalawar district for recording incidence and intensity of disease during Rabi 2021-22. The maximum stem gall disease incidence was recorded in Ramganj Mandi (70%) of Kota district, followed by incidence in Kalya Khedi (60%) of Kota and incidence in Shahbad (60%) of Baran district. In contrast, minimum stem gall disease of coriander incidence was observed in Kanwas (25%) of the Kota district, followed by Gopalpura village (35%) of the Baran district. The maximum per cent disease intensity (PDI) of stem gall disease was observed in Ramganj Mandi (47.5%) of Kota district, followed by stem gall disease PDI in Shahbad (37.5%) and Anta (32.5%) of Baran district. The minimum PDI was recorded in Kanwas (10.0%) of Kota district, followed by Nadi Khod village (12.5%) and Jarga village (15.0%) of Jhalawar district and Gopalpura (15.0%) of Baran.
New host plant records of rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hymenoptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) in diverse habitats
Authors: Dodiya R D , Haldhar S M , Mitra D , Barad A H
Published: October 2024

The current study focused on assessing the prevalence of invasive whitefly infestation in diverse habitats in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. The study revealed the presence of Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, specifically in Punica granatum, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Borassus flabellifer, Cordia myxa, Pennisetum purpureum, Azadirachta indica and Citrus limon during the survey conducted in 2023–24. This infestation of Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin with different host plants marks the first documented occurrence of this novel invasive whitefly species affecting India. These findings highlight the need for further research and management strategies to address the threats posed by this invasive pest.