bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insight into Green Extraction for Roselle as a Source of Natural Red Pigments: A Review
Authors: Rizkiyah Dwila Nur , Putra Nicky Rahmana , Yunus Mohd Azizi Che , Veza Ibham , Irianto Irianto , Aziz Ahmad Hazim Abdul , Rahayuningsih Sri , Yuniarti Erny , Ikhwani Ikhwani
Published: January 2023

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a source of anthocyanins as red pigments that is extensively farmed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Egypt, Mexico, and West India. The roselle plant contains a variety of nutrients, including anthocyanins, organic acids, pectin, etc. Due to the toxicity and combustibility of the solvents, traditional extraction methods for these compounds are restricted. Obtaining pure extracts is typically a lengthy procedure requiring many processes. Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction as a green technology is rapidly improving and extending its application domains. The advantages of this method are zero waste production, quicker extraction times, and reduced solvent consumption. The ScCO2 extraction of natural pigments has great promise in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles, among other uses. The ScCO2 technique for natural pigments may also be advantageous in a variety of other contexts. Due to their minimal environmental risk, the high-quality red pigments of roselle rich in anthocyanins extracted using ScCO2 extraction have a high sustainability potential. Therefore, the objective of this review is to increase knowledge related to the natural colorant of roselle as a substitute for chemically manufactured colorants using ScCO2 as a green method. This article covers ScCO2 extraction, particularly as it relates to the optimization of pigments that promote health. This article focuses on the high extraction efficiency of ScCO2 extraction. Natural colorants extracted via ScCO2 are regarded as safe compounds, especially for human consumption, such as novel functional food additives and textile and pharmaceutical colors.
Effects of the Spatial Extension of the Edge Channels on the Interference Pattern of a Helical Josephson Junction
Authors: Vigliotti Lucia , Calzona Alessio , Traverso Ziani Niccolò , Bergeret F. Sebastian , Sassetti Maura , Trauzettel Björn
Published: January 2023

Josephson junctions (JJs) in the presence of a magnetic field exhibit qualitatively different interference patterns depending on the spatial distribution of the supercurrent through the junction. In JJs based on two-dimensional topological insulators (2DTIs), the electrons/holes forming a Cooper pair (CP) can either propagate along the same edge or be split into the two edges. The former leads to a SQUID-like interference pattern, with the superconducting flux quantum ϕ0 (where ϕ0=h/2e) as a fundamental period. If CPs’ splitting is additionally included, the resultant periodicity doubles. Since the edge states are typically considered to be strongly localized, the critical current does not decay as a function of the magnetic field. The present paper goes beyond this approach and inspects a topological JJ in the tunneling regime featuring extended edge states. It is here considered the possibility that the two electrons of a CP propagate and explore the junction independently over length scales comparable to the superconducting coherence length. As a consequence of the spatial extension, a decaying pattern with different possible periods is obtained. In particular, it is shown that, if crossed Andreev reflections (CARs) are dominant and the edge states overlap, the resulting interference pattern features oscillations whose periodicity approaches 2ϕ0.
The Mediating Role of the Muscle Quality Index in the Relation of Screen Time and Abdominal Obesity with Health-Related Quality of Life in Chilean Schoolchildren
Authors: Delgado-Floody Pedro , Gómez-López Manuel , Caamaño-Navarrete Felipe , Valdés-Badilla Pablo , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel
Published: January 2023

Screen time (ST) and abdominal obesity have a negative effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, there is little information regarding the mediating role of the muscle quality index (MQI) in these relationships. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between HRQoL, physical status (i.e., anthropometrics and fitness), lifestyle (i.e., ST and physical activity), and the MQI, and then to determine the potential mediating role of the MQI in the relation of ST and abdominal obesity with HRQoL in Chilean schoolchildren. The cross-sectional study included 750 schoolchildren (girls, n = 332 and boys, n = 418) aged between 10 and 14 years (11.73 ± 1.08 y). MQI, lifestyle, fitness parameters, waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) and HRQoL were measured. HRQoL presented a significant correlation with WtHR (r: −0.19), VO2max (r: 0.20), physical activity after school (r: 0.26), ST (r: −0.26) and MQI (r: 0.15). According to MQI, the high-MQI group reported higher HRQoL than the low-MQI group (low MQI: 36.10 ± 3.63 vs. high MQI: 37.43 ± 4.00, p < 0.001). In the mediation model, ST and abdominal obesity were negatively linked to HRQoL; the indirect effect confirmed that MQI is a partial mediator in the relation between ST and HRQoL (indirect effect = −0.04; SE = 0.02; 95% CI: −0.09, −0.01) and in the relation between abdominal obesity and HRQoL (indirect effect = −1.81; SE = 0.83; 95% CI: −3.41, −0.40). In conclusion, MQI is related to better HRQoL in schoolchildren, and the negative relation of ST and abdominal obesity with HRQoL is mediated by MQI.
Dietary Effects on Pain Symptoms in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Systematic Review and Future Directions
Authors: Maddox Emma K. , Massoni Shawn C. , Hoffart Cara M. , Takata Yumie
Published: January 2023

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is recognized for its difficulty to diagnose and its subjective symptomatology. There is neither a known cure nor a recommended therapeutic diet to aid in the multidisciplinary treatment. We conducted a systematic review to investigate if diets can improve pain symptoms of fibromyalgia. Through the PubMed search in March 2022, 126 abstracts were identified. We included both intervention and observational studies of diets and pain symptoms among patients with FMS. After screening titles, abstracts, and full-texts, 12 studies, including 11 intervention and one observational study, were selected. These studies included 546 participants and investigated plant-based diets (n = 3), anti-inflammatory diets (n = 1), gluten-free diets (n = 2), and elimination/restrictive diets (n = 6). These studies assessed pain symptoms through visual analogue scale for pain, fibromyalgia impact questionnaire/revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, tender point count, pain pressure threshold, and/or total myalgic score. Nine studies, including all three plant-based diet studies, reported statistically significant beneficial effects of their respective diets on pain symptom measurements. Given the small sample size and short intervention duration of the included studies, limited evidence currently exists to recommend any specific diet to patients with FMS. Further research is warranted to clarify specific diets to recommend and explore their potential mechanisms.
Lactoferrin as a Component of Pharmaceutical Preparations: An Experimental Focus
Authors: Guzmán-Mejía Fabiola , Godínez-Victoria Marycarmen , Molotla-Torres Daniel Efrain , Drago-Serrano Maria Elisa
Published: January 2023

Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa monomeric glycoprotein that exhibits multitask activities. Lactoferrin properties are of interest in the pharmaceutical field for the design of products with therapeutic potential, including nanoparticles and liposomes, among many others. In antimicrobial preparations, lactoferrin has been included either as a main bioactive component or as an enhancer of the activity and potency of first-line antibiotics. In some proposals based on nanoparticles, lactoferrin has been included in delivery systems to transport and protect drugs from enzymatic degradation in the intestine, favoring the bioavailability for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Moreover, nanoparticles loaded with lactoferrin have been formulated as delivery systems to transport drugs for neurodegenerative diseases, which cannot cross the blood–brain barrier to enter the central nervous system. This manuscript is focused on pharmaceutical products either containing lactoferrin as the bioactive component or formulated with lactoferrin as the carrier considering its interaction with receptors expressed in tissues as targets of drugs delivered via parenteral or mucosal administration. We hope that this manuscript provides insights about the therapeutic possibilities of pharmaceutical Lf preparations with a sustainable approach that contributes to decreasing the resistance of antimicrobials and enhancing the bioavailability of first-line drugs for intestinal chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
Meditation and Contemplation: Word and Image at the Service of Medieval Spirituality
Authors: Peirats Anna , Gregori Rubén
Published: January 2023

The use of images in intimate piety in the XIV–XV centuries responded to the need to create a mental reality that would be complemented by the imitation of Jesus’, Mary’s and the saints’ lives turned into models of permanent emulation. The faithful were expected to show the same qualities as these divine characters, so spiritual practices acquired ethical and public implications. Devotional objects played a central role in meditation, affecting the senses and the soul directly. The religious effigy provoked an empathy with what was viewed and helped by jogging the memory and feelings about the holy figures in all stages of their lives, varying the emotions to the detriment of each event. If one thought, for example, of the risen Christ, one would experience joy, but if one meditated on His Passion, one would become afflicted by sorrow. The dissemination of these habits of contemplating the images and the numerous treatises concerned with directing evocation are sufficient evidence to confirm the triumph of visuality for the excitement of piety.
Ambiguous Facilitation: An Ethnographic Study of the Contextual Aspects of Participation in Group Activities in a Norwegian Healthy Life Centre
Authors: Indrøy Tonje Cecilie , Kvam Lisbeth , Witsø Aud Elisabeth
Published: January 2023

Background: Participation is essential in health promotion initiatives such as the Norwegian Healthy Life Centres (HLCs) which offer lifestyle-related guidance to people with lifestyle-related diseases or at risk for such diseases. While participation has been studied in this setting from the perspectives of health personnel or service users, no studies have been conducted on the contextual aspects of participation through studying the interactions between the actors involved in group activities within the service. To lead group activities requires competency in facilitation of learning in groups. The aim of this study is to explore participation in group activities in the context of a Norwegian HLC by studying the interaction between the various actors involved in the activities there. Methods: An ethnographic study was designed based on participant observation of physical activity groups and a healthy nutrition group in a Norwegian HLC over a period of three months. Findings: The findings suggest that (1) the multiple roles of the Health Professional (HP), (2) the process of goal setting, and (3) time frames and the physical context are central contextual aspects of participation in this setting, leading to an ambiguous facilitation of group activities.
Residents’ Health Effect of Environmental Regulations in Coal-Dependent Industries: Empirical Evidence from China’s Cement Industry
Authors: Jia Xiaojing , Luo Xin
Published: January 2023

Coal-dependent industries are the economic pillar of many countries; however, their contribution to air pollution also restricts long-term economic development. While the negative effects of environmental regulations on coal-dependent industries has attracted much attention, the health effects of such regulations remains barely quantitatively studied. Our study is based on a quasi-natural experiment created by a command-and-control policy in China’s cement industry, whereby cement enterprises are forced to stop production for a specific period of time every year. This paper adopted DID methods and found that direct pollution control measures for coal-dependent industries could significantly improve residents’ health levels and that the resultant reduction in medical expenditures could save 456.8 RMB yuan per capita per year. Additionally, our mechanism analysis found that the COPP is beneficial to residents’ health in that it reduces air pollution and sewage treatment rates. This means that pollution from coal-dependent industries has a large and underestimated impact on residents’ health. Environmental regulation of the coal-dependent industry could greatly improve the health of residents.
Comment on Zhang, D. Exact Solution for Three-Dimensional Ising Model. Symmetry 2021, 13, 1837
Authors: Perk Jacques H. H.
Published: January 2023

We show that Zhang Degang’s claimed solution of the three-dimensional Ising model has fatal irreparable errors.
Separate aspects of legal regulation of the suspension of an employment contract
Authors:   Department of Labor and Social Security Legislation Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Lomakina L. A.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with problematic issues of the procedure and conditions for the suspension of an employment contract. The aim of the study is to analyze the legal norms governing the suspension of an employment contract and their relationship with theoretical developments on the relationship between an employment contract and an employment relationship.
Some issues of outsourcing in the RF Armed Forces
Authors:   Department of Financial Law and Customs Activities of the Law Institute Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletov (VlSU), Manokhin V. S. , Markov A. Y. ,   Institute of History and Law of Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolokovsky
Published: January 2023

The article considers the possibility of introducing post-labor compliance as a way to mitigate the growth of unemployment in a crisis. The main legal problems caused by sanctions from «unfriendly countries» are analyzed. As a result of the situation on the labor market and general legal unpredictability, it is proposed to create a post-labor compliance system that should help both employers who comply with all the requirements of labor legislation and employees by guaranteeing the payment of severance pay in full in the event of mass layoffs.
About moral harm and its compensation by the employer
Authors:   Departments of Land, Labor and Environmental Law ", Novikova Y. A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin"
Published: January 2023

The article considers questions about who, due to the current labor legislation, can be recognized as a victim and demand compensation for moral damage from the employer, taking into account what criteria the amount of this compensation is determined, what forms and procedure of compensation are currently permissible.
Archaeological research at Pietroasa Mică – Gruiu Dării (2019–2020). The Late Eneolithic period
Authors: Grigoraș Laurențiu , Munteanu Roxana , Garvăn Daniel , Dumitraşcu Valentin
Published: January 2023

În cursul campaniilor din anii 2019– 2020, cercetarea nivelurilor eneolitice s‑a desfăşurat în secţiunea 11, situată în partea de NV a sitului de la Pietroasa Mică – Gruiu Dării. Au fost identificate şi cercetate zece complexe arheologice eneolitice : C113 şi C295 (resturi de construcţii incendiate) ; C295a („aglomerare” de materiale arheologice) ; C298 (grupare de pietre dispuse circular) ; C296– 297 şi C299– 302 (gropi şi/ sau alveolări). În cele două campanii a fost continuată şi finalizată cercetarea unor complexe pre‑ şi protoistorice care au secţionat câteva dintre amenajările eneolitice menţionate : C293 (groapă identificată în caroul C), C275 (şanţ de fundaţie observat pe toată lungimea S11 şi care intră în profilele de NE şi SV) – ambele atribuite epocii bronzului ; C204 (caroul D) şi C229 (caroul B) – gropi atribuite epocii fierului. Observaţiile stratigrafice au evidenţiat existenţa, în cadrul depunerii eneolitice, a două niveluri (N. 1 şi N. 2) cu o grosime medie de cca. 35– 45 cm. În N. 1 (nivelul eneolitic superior) au fost identificate complexele 113, 295, 295a şi 296, iar la baza N. 2 (nivelul eneolitic inferior) au fost observate complexele 297– 302. În depunerile eneolitice din S11 au fost descoperite materiale arheologice numeroase şi variate : fragmente ceramice (Cucuteni B2 laolaltă cu Cernavoda Ic) ; recipiente întregi sau întregibile ; plastică zoomorfă şi antropomorfă ; greutăţi din lut ; unelte din materii dure (piatră, os şi corn de cervide) ; podoabe şi/ sau pandantive ; piese diverse cu funcţionalităţi incerte. Nivelurile eneolitice mai conţineau, amestecate cu artefactele amintite, resturi osteologice de animale, depuneri răzleţe sau aglomerări de pietre şi o cantitate foarte mare de chirpici arşi. Au fost prelevate 1380 de resturi scheletice de animale, respectiv 889 din nivelul 1 și 491 din nivelul 2. Materialul arheozoologic este tipic resturilor menajere (Tab. 1), cu urme de tranșare, ardere, dinți de carnivore și de rozătoare. Cu excepția câtorva fragmente ce provin de la păsări, materialul este reprezentat de mamifere, preponderent domestice. Dintre speciile domestice, predomină, în ambele niveluri, ovicaprinele și vita domestică. Porcul și câinele contribuie cu foarte puține resturi. Animalele sălbatice sunt prezente cu puține fragmente ce provin de la cerb, căprior, mistreț, vulpe, iepure și un rozător de talie mică, probabil popândău. Pe lângă oasele de mamifere, au fost descoperite și 15 oase de păsări, majoritatea de talie mare, din categoria gâștei sau dropiei. Economia animalieră era axată pe ovicaprine și vite, porcul având un rol foarte mic. Sunt dovezi că și câinele era consumat. Vânătoarea este slab reprezentată.
A new sub-group: thoughts on the Phrygian type XII-9/variant A IV fibula from Seyitömer Höyük salvage excavations
Authors: Erdan Emre , Ünan Serdar
Published: January 2023

Cercetările arheologice de salvare de la Seyitömer Höyük au scos la lumină 20 de fibule. Majoritatea pieselor (18) se încadrează tipului anatoliano‑frigian. Una dintre acestea, constituie obiectul studiului de față. Această fibulă a fost atribuită tipului XII‑9 de Blinkenberg și mai apoi de Muscarella, iar Caner, în studiul său, o atribuie variantei A IV. La piesa noastră, cele trei bare de metal care formează corpul fibulei sunt separate una de alta prin două șănțuiri. Fibula este diferită de altele similare sub diverse aspecte : este diferită de cele de tip anatoliano‑frigian din Anatolia, vestul Anatoliei, Insulele Egeene și Italia, unde erau produse și răspândite. Studiul nostru sugerează că fibula de la Seyitömer Höyük ar trebui definită ca un nou sub‑grup denumit Varianta IV‑3b (după tipologia lui Caner). Mai mult, credem că fibula a reprezentat punctul de plecare pentru anumite catarame care emulau forma fibulelor anatoliano‑frigiene.
Beads found in men’s graves from the 10th and 11th centuries in the Carpathian Basin. Analysis and overview of the gender-related object types of the period
Authors: Fülöp Réka
Published: January 2023

În societățile medievale timpurii nu doar diferențele sociale sunt reflectate în obiectele funerare, ci și cele de gen. Dacă asociem artefactele din secolul al X‑lea cu genul, imaginea generală este că femeile au fost îngropate cu bijuterii, iar bărbații cu arme. De asemenea, mărgelele sunt, de obicei, un tip de artefact care este asociat în principal cu obiectele feminine, deși înmormântările masculine aflate în discuție în prezent reflectă faptul că nu exista o regulă prin care acestea să nu fi fost incluse în mormintele masculine. Astfel, în prima parte a studiului vom încerca să răspundem la întrebarea dacă este, într‑adevăr, posibil să clasificăm obiectele în funcție de faptul că sunt găsite în morminte masculine sau feminine, sau dacă situația este mult mai complexă. Conform datelor noastre actuale, doar un număr mic de morminte bărbătești cu mărgele au fost găsite în Bazinul Carpatic în secolele X – XI. Avem date despre 36 de morminte dintr‑un total de 28 de situri funerare. Pe baza mărgelelor găsite, se poate spune că mormintele bărbaților nu se caracterizează prin purtarea unor șiruri lungi de mărgele. În înmormântările masculine, există de obicei 1– 3 mărgele și foarte rar 4 – 5. Examinând mormintele bărbătești cu mărgele din Bazinul Carpatic, se desprind două grupe cronologice : 1. înmormântări cu depuneri de cai, arme, piese de harnașament, cu artefacte mai bogate. Este posibil că acestea să se dateze în principal în prima jumătate a secolului al X‑lea, și cel târziu până la sfârșitul secolului al X‑lea. 2. Un grup de morminte de bărbați cu mărgele, cu artefacte mai modeste, care pot fi încadrate la mijlocul sau sfârșitul secolului al X‑lea. Inelul de tâmplă cu terminație în ‑S, descoperit la Szegvár, sugerează că acest ritual ar fi putut fi practicat până mai târziu, chiar și la începutul secolului al XII‑lea. Dar până la această dată, mărgelele puteau fi depuse în morminte cu mult mai puține artefacte sau chiar în absența altor obiecte de inventar funerare. Două tendințe apar în ceea ce privește tipurile de mărgele. Una este aceea că în morminte sunt depuse doar mărgele monocrome. Cealaltă este atunci când se pun doar mărgele ornamente cu ochi. Spre deosebire de alte mărgele ornamentale, este posibil ca mărgelele cu ochi să fi fost folosite la înmormântările bărbaților pentru că aveau o funcție protectoare, protejându‑l pe purtător de deochi. Datorită răspândirii largi a mărgelelor ornamentate cu ochi și a perioadei lungi de utilizare a acestora, se pare că superstiția deochiului era cunoscută în rândul maghiarilor cuceritori.
Edificii componente ale nucleului istoric al Aiudului – ansamblul de clădiri aparținând colegiului „Bethlen Gábor”. Lucrări de supraveghere arheologică efectuate între anii 2012–2015/ Edifices component of the historical heart of Aiud – the assemblage of buildings pertaining to the “Bethlen Gábor” College. The 2012–2015 archaeological surveillance works
Authors: Scrobotă Vasile Paul
Published: January 2023

Printre edificiile istorice din Aiud, jud. Alba, incluse în lista patrimoniului cultural românesc, se numără și ansamblul de clădiri aparținând Colegiului „Bethlen Gábor”. Înființată la Alba Iulia, în anul 1622, instituția de învățământ a fost transferată la Aiud în anul 1662. Cele patru corpuri de clădire, în care funcționează actualmente, au fost construite între anii 1720 și 1887. Lucrările de reabilitare structurală și reparații capitale ale acestora au necesitat supraveghere arheologică. Campania desfășurată între anii 2012– 2015 a avut ca rezultat descoperirea unor structuri de zid, complexe și materiale arheologice datate în perioada Evului Mediu târziu și în epoca modernă. Astfel, au fost descoperite ziduri de fundație, pivnițe și amenajări cu rol de pardoseală ale unor clădiri anterioare mijlocului secolului al XVII‑lea. S‑au dezvelit porțiuni din fundațiile părții dispărute ale unui corp de clădiri dispuse în formă de careu, construite între anii 1720 și 1743, prevăzute cu o pivniță pe tronsonul sudic și un turn amplasat la mijlocul tronsonului vestic. Au mai fost scoase la iveală segmente ale unui sistem de canalizare, constând din structuri boltite din cărămidă, două gropi menajere, legate de locuințele datate înainte de mijlocul secolului al XVII‑lea și o groapă de var, asociată perioadei de construcție a ultimelor clădiri ale Colegiului. Descoperirile arheologice au fost încadrate în secolele XVI – XIX.
The archaeozoology of the Făgăraș fortress during the Habsburg period
Authors: Baciu David , Ioniţă Adrian , Bălășescu Adrian
Published: January 2023

The archaeozoological material discussed in this article came from one feature (Cpl. 2) located in the southern outer courtyard of the fortress investigated in the summer of 2020. The collected artefacts date mainly to the 18th and 19th centuries, therefore to the Austrian era, although some of them had been in use even earlier during the 17th century. The feature, most likely with the initial phase in the middle of the 17th century, has functioned as a latrine pit in which all sorts of remains were gradually thrown away, including faunal ones. Given that the faunal material analysed comes from a single archaeological feature, the conclusions are quite limited. Conclusions cannot be generalized, but they show a trend probably close to reality. We would like to make this clear because during the older or newer archaeological investigations, in various areas of the Făgăraș fortress, numerous animal bones were discovered, with or without a clear dating context, which could not be collected or analysed. The fauna studied in this article offers a glimpse on the diet of the human community that served the Făgăraș fortress, in general, during the Habsburg period. We observed that cattle hold an overwhelming ratio NR-wise, dominating the faunal spectrum. MNI-wise, although cattle hold second place after ovicaprids, they still have the highest importance in terms of the meat ratio, compared to other domestic animals. The game has an extremely low ratio, with medium-sized species (roe deer) and small species (hare) identified. The study of the slaughter ages and the distribution of the anatomical elements/ skeletal parts in the case of the domestic animals suggest the consumption of subadult and adult animals with less tender meat, some of the animals being at the age of reform (especially the old ones) suggesting that they were part of the daily food of the fortress staff (soldiers, civilians and administration). Although not very large in terms of quantity, the importance of the sample from the Făgăraș fortress is also given by the fact that such studies of archaeozoology dedicated to the Habsburg period are extremely rare in Romania. Future archaeozoological research will certainly help us to better understand the diet of the population in the Habsburg era.
THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL CRISES ON THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF COUNTRIES
Authors:   Mariupol State University, SHabelnyk T.V. , Marena T.V. ,   Mariupol State University, Shabelnyk M.M. ,   Mariupol State University
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of global crises on the economic security of the world. The selection of the main macroeconomic indicators is carried out, the economic content of their calculation is given. It is substantiated that the main such indicators are: balance of payments, the ratio of external debt to GDP, exchange rate volatility, the ratio of growth of international reserves and imports, unemployment. According to the needs of a particular economic situation, the list of indicators of early warning of the economic crisis can include a number of other macroeconomic indicators. It is emphasized that the control of the dynamics of indicators will make it possible to timely determine the probability of a systemic economic crisis and to develop effective management solutions to prevent the transition of the crisis from the local to the global state. It is substantiated that the synthesis of a quality system of global economic crisis control will help minimize the likelihood of crisis transition from the national sector to the global by timely detection and assessment of the first negative failures, development and implementation of management decisions to stabilize economic security. An economic and mathematical model for monitoring and assessing the impact of global crises on the economic security of the world has been developed. The model is based on the calculation of an integrated indicator of the number of risks, which describes the critical values of macroeconomic indicators in determining the onset of the economic crisis. Practical implementation of the control model will allow monitoring the implementation of control points of macroeconomic indicators and their calculation, as well as form a basis for developing appropriate management decisions to minimize the devastating effects of the crisis by early detection, prevention of crisis national economy and its transition to the global phase. A matrix of optimal values of the main macroeconomic indicators of world crises is proposed and calculated. The practical approbation of the control model was carried out on the example of the countries that had the largest share of world GDP in 2019. Among the developed countries, the USA (24.5%), Japan (5.8%) and Germany (4.41%) were selected with the largest share of GDP; among developing countries - China (16.8%) and India (3.27%). It is concluded that the most likely sources of economic disruption in the global sense are the United States and India.
INNOVATIVE FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE LABOR MARKET
Authors:   Institute of Training of Personnel of the State Employment Service of Ukraine, Takhtarova K. , Lanska S. ,   Institute of Training of Personnel of the State Employment Service of Ukraine
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the systematization and definition of characteristic differences of innovative forms of employment, which have become widespread in the conditions of digitization of the labor market. The essence of the concepts «digitalization», «digital transformation», «digital technologies» is revealed, a conclusion is drawn about the ambiguity of the impact of digitalization on society and the economy. It was concluded that in modern economic conditions, digitalization of the labor market is part of the general process of digitalization of the economy, which is not singled out as a separate direction. The growth of the unemployment rate as the main risk of the digital transformation of the economy has been studied. In particular, there are estimates of global job losses due to digitalization, including by spheres of economic activity, types of work that can be automated using modern technologies in the near future. It is substantiated that in the modern world in the labor market there is a tendency to spread new labor relations, which were not typical for the industrial period recently. It is about the spread of new innovative forms of employment, in particular, remote employment. The peculiarities and constituent elements of remote employment (teleworking) are analyzed. It is substantiated that the introduction of innovative forms of employment contributes to the expansion of the population's opportunities to implement the main principle of employment in the market economy – the exclusive right to dispose of their own abilities to work. Attention is drawn to the fact that the development of the digital economy is being carried out at the state level in Ukraine, which has positive consequences for the labor market, in particular, the development of innovative employment. The obstacles to the development of innovative employment in Ukraine, as well as the main prerequisites for the spread of innovative forms of employment in the state, are highlighted. It was concluded that the formation of a modern type of social and labor relations involves, firstly, qualitative changes in the professional and qualification structure of the workforce, and secondly, the functioning of a full-fledged mechanism of social partnership between the state, business and citizens in the field of employment.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION IN THE BODIES OF THE NATIONAL POLICE
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Filipenko Tetjana , Filipenko Anastasija ,   Mariupol State University
Published: January 2023

Today, the problem of overcoming corruption is acute for all public authorities. But its existence in the police has more dangerous consequences, because corruption in the police undermines public confidence in law and order in the state, which must ensure police officers. The article considers the concepts and causes of corruption in the National Police. It is noted that the causes of police corruption are closely related to those that are characteristic of all categories of government officials and exist in society as a whole, namely economic, organizational, managerial, socio-psychological causes. Among the special reasons that cause corruption in the police are objective (external) and subjective (internal) reasons. Objective reasons are related to the specifics of professional activity, improper organization of employees' performance of their official duties, unfavorable conditions of service, etc. Subjective reasons are due to the level of development and upbringing of the police officer, among them: lack of idea about the proper and decent behavior of the police officer; insufficient development of moral and business qualities; the ability to be negatively influenced by colleagues who commit corrupt practices; lack of principled positions on honest and responsible service; lack of strong-willed qualities and adequate legal punishment for committing offenses with signs of corruption. It is determined that the main components of the administrative and legal mechanism for preventing corruption in the police are: legal relations and legal norms in the field of combating corruption; normative legal acts that form anti-corruption legislation; public authorities are called upon to combat corruption; administrative liability for corruption offenses, etc. The article substantiates the areas of improving the administrative and legal mechanism for preventing corruption in the National Police and provides proposals on the need to adopt the Law of Ukraine "On Public Control", amendments to the Laws of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption" and "On the National Police".
IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COURTS IN UKRAINE: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Tykhomyrova Galyna , Temyrova-khmykina Viktoriiа ,   Mariupol State University, Viushkova Elizaveta ,   Mariupol State University
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of lack of ecological courts in Ukraine. Recently, in the developed foreign countriescountries, there is a tendency to establish specialized courts and tribunals to consider environmental cases and take measures to facilitate access to justice for citizens. Each country has its own specifics related to its legal system and the place given to it in the legal protection of the environment. It is established that in the modern period the provision on existence of three models of ecological courts is widely recognized. The existing models of ecological courts on the example of foreign countries are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the relevant models are outlined, and attention is drawn to the need to use useful foreign experience to create this institute. The competence and jurisdiction of environmental courts are defined and the importance of introducing a separate category of cases, namely environmental cases, is emphasized. The practical significance of the ecological court and its positive achievements on the example of foreign countries are described. Stages of introduction of ecological courts are offered. The necessity of reforming the judicial system within a limited time frame has been proved. The importance of the category of "environmental justice" for the national legal system is emphasized, and therefore the relevant concept is considered through the prism of a general study. It is proved that an effective strategy for the implementation of environmental law should be based on the balance of legislative, executive and judicial powers. It is emphasized that the main advantages of specialized environmental courts are the expertise of the judiciary, public involvement and a wide field for the use of mediation. The tendencies to a constant increase in the number of environmental courts in the world, which demonstrate the efficiency and viability of specialized environmental justice, are substantiated.
Preventing glorification of war criminals and legalization of nazism: practical aspects
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Pogrebniak Natalia
Published: January 2023

The content of the legal norms enshrining the concepts of Nazism, Holocaust is determined in the research via the use of hermeneutic approach and formal and legal method. Broad and narrow approaches to interpreting these concepts in scientific doctrine have been identified. Their relationship with each other and with the concepts of crimes against humanity and international crimes has been clarified. The countries where Holocaust denial is a criminal offense have been identified. It has been established that jurisdiction of these cases has is not governed in the national legislation of Ukraine. It is concluded that there is no regulatory definition of the concept of the Holocaust at either international or national level. It is proposed to consider the concept of Holocaust as a form of genocide. In order to prevent corruption-causing factors in the regulatory governance of the issue and discrimination against the rights of any racial group, it is proposed to define the concept of Holocaust via a broad approach. The need for the legislator to take into account the intention of Nazis to completely exterminate not only Jews but also Roma, Poles, to take into account the facts of abuse, inhumane medical experiments on Soviet prisoners of war, murders and slave labor of the Slavs, the intention of assimilating civilians of the USSR with German racial group or relocate them beyond the Urals or exterminate when defining the concept of the Holocaust has been substantiated. It has been established that in violation of Article 1, paragraph 1, subparagraph 20 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Legal Status and Honoring the Memory of Fighters for the Independence of Ukraine in the Twentieth Century” No. 314 dated 09.04.2015 the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine did not approve the list of organizations, structures and formations existing during the twentieth century aimed at obtaining, restoring or protecting the independence of Ukraine. It has been established that the legislation does not define specific forms of legal and illegal fighting for independence of Ukraine. There is no regulatory definition of fighters for the independence of Ukraine (specific individuals, organizations, other formations) related to the National Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany and its units (SA, SD, SS, Gestapo). A number of recommendations have been provided. In particular, to open access to information about the persecution and mass extermination of Jews, Roma and Slavs during the Second World War, to approve the list of legal and illegal forms of fighting for independence, fighters for independence in the twentieth century.
«Reasonable contracts» (smart contracts) as a new challenge for law in the conditions of globalization
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Shkolnyi Vladyslav
Published: January 2023

The article defines the theoretical and legal content of the category of "reasonable contracts", outlines the concepts and basic forms of implementation of contractual obligations without enforcement. Based on the modern global paradigm of legal development, smart contracts are defined as contracts that are technologically secured in such a way that allows the parties to guarantee bilateral performance of contractual obligations without recourse to enforcement means, including judicial protection of violated right. It is noted that such a definition requires inclusion in the current civil and economic legislation, taking into account the actual existence in public relations of such contracts in the form of vending machines and other technically possible practical forms and models, as well as taking into account the real possibility of reducing the hypothetical costs of the parties to the contract for judicial consideration of the case. It is determined that in the context of modern social processes, self-help is not a fundamentally new phenomenon, since people regularly act independently before referring to the official legal system. So, over the past few years, a group of innovators have begun to develop computer technologies that have led to the emergence of a fundamentally new area of legal regulation in contract law, such as so-called "reasonable contracts" or smart contracts. From a teleological point of view, their purpose is to allow the parties to such a contract to ensure that they have reached an agreement to increase the cost of any violation by an appropriate amount. Smart contracts are defined as agreements in which conditions are executed automatically, usually using computers. Such contracts are intended to ensure execution without going to court. Automation ensures productivity by eliminating the human factor from contract execution. One example of a smart contract is a vending machine. If the machine is working properly and money is inserted into the machine, this will automatically execute the purchase and sale agreement. It is noted that such a contract does not create any legal problems if the machine will issue soda or coffee, but legal issues arise if the machine can issue, for example, narcotic drugs. So, there is a problematic question of the legality and expediency of legislative prohibition of such automatic means due to the theoretical possibility of their use for illegal purposes, or, conversely, their legalization and normalization by the requirements of current civil legislation.
Features of bringing to criminal responsibility
Authors:   Sumy State University, Svirskyi Borys
Published: January 2023

The article is deals with the study of the content of the stage of criminal proceedings as bringing to criminal responsibility. The article defines the institutional characteristics and features of this stage, its place and role in the system of stages of criminal proceedings. The constitutional principle of presumption of innocence of a person is revealed. A list of international legal acts that enshrine these principles in their prescriptions is provided. It is determined that the prerequisite for bringing a person to justice for a criminal offense committed is the implementation of pre-trial investigation and judicial proceedings. The legal properties of legal norms that are applied at this stage and its significance for the further development of subsequent stages of criminal proceedings are taken into consideration. The specifics of drawing up such a procedural document as a notice of suspicion and its delivery to the offender are disclosed. The content of Criminal Law relations that arise when a person is brought to criminal responsibility is considered and disclosed. The procedure for starting the stage of criminal proceedings of "bringing to criminal responsibility", which begins from the moment of notification of suspicion and entering information in the Unified Register of pre-trial investigations, is described. It is proved that the beginning of the implementation of criminal liability is the identification of a person suspected of committing a crime and this is a common element, since both concepts appear from the moment such a subject as a suspect appears. It is indicated that from the moment a person is notified of suspicion at the pre-trial investigation stage, a new stage begins, where such a participant in criminal proceedings appears – a suspect. The list of characteristic features and content of circumstances regarding the possibility of performing certain procedural and investigative actions as bringing the offender to criminal responsibility at this stage is determined and proved. The grounds for detaining a person at the place of committing a criminal offense or immediately after its commission are taken into consideration. Thus, the current legislation provides the following procedural types of detention of a person: a) - legal detention; b)- detention by an authorized official.
PELUANG NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN SEBAGAI MEDIA APRESIASI SENIMAN LOKAL BANDUNG
Authors: Prayitno Aryasatya Rafa , Riziq Luthfi Baihaqi , Vazrin Rizqi , Wawor Caroline Natasha Amartya , Daru Janaka Isnan
Published: January 2023

Indonesian Central Agency on Statistics notes the decline of national economic status by 2,07% in 2020 and Dewi, on the same year, reported its effect to the world of art and painting investments. This research carry that problem and tries to look at Non-Fungible Token (NFT) as an advanceable means to increase artists’ economic welfare, especially after the NFT trend at the start of 2022. Specifically, this research focuses on artists found on Braga Street, Bandung City, as a first step in exploring the opportunity of NFT in increasing economic welfare. This article aims to analyze and formulating the potential of NFT in increasing artists’ economic welfare by way of in-depth interview as the main method.

Key words: NFT, Local Artists, Bandung, Economic Welfare
Elevated Ozone Negatively Affects the Community Characteristics and Productivity of Subtropical Grassland in India
Authors: Dolker Tsetan , Agrawal Shashi Bhushan , Agrawal Madhoolika
Published: January 2023

Tropospheric ozone (O
3
) is found to be a severe threat to agriculture and natural vegetation. The present study was conducted to investigate the structural and functional changes in an intact seminatural grassland community when exposed to elevated O
3
(EO
3
; ambient + 20 parts per billion) compared to ambient O
3
(AO
3
) for 3 years using open-top chambers. Parameters such as species richness (SR), evenness (
E
), Shannon index (
H
′), β-diversity (BD), concentration of dominance (Cd), similarity index (SI), biomass in canopy layers, and community productivity were evaluated. Species like
Cynodon dactylon
,
Dichanthium annulatum
,
Parthenium hysterophorus
,
Digitaria sanguinalis
,
Cyperus killinga
,
Oplismenus burmannii
, and
Commelina benghalensis
showed higher importance value index (IVI), whereas
Trifolium resupinatum
,
Desmodium triflorum
,
Melilotus officinalis
,
Oxalis corniculata
,
Eleusine indica
,
Cyperus rotundus
,
Malvestrum coromandelianum
, and
Lindernia anagallis
showed lower IVI under EO
3
treatment compared to AO
3
. EO
3
enhanced BD and Cd, whereas SR,
E
, and
H
′ in the community reduced. Biomass accumulation reduced maximally in top layer compared to bottom and middle canopy layers in both forbs and grasses fraction under EO
3
treatment. Higher reduction in total biomass compared to aboveground biomass indicates less carbon allocation toward root system. The results of the present study clearly indicates that 3 years of exposure at EO
3
level caused deleterious impact on grassland community by increasing O
3
-tolerant and decreasing sensitive species, thus resulting in a shift in species composition and community productivity.