bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMYA5 establishes cardiac dyad architecture and positioning
Authors: Lu Fujian , Ma Qing , Xie Wenjun , Liou Carter L. , Zhang Donghui , Sweat Mason E. , Jardin Blake D. , Naya Francisco J. , Guo Yuxuan , Cheng Heping , Pu William T.
Published: April 2022

Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling requires dyads, the nanoscopic microdomains formed adjacent to Z-lines by apposition of transverse tubules and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. Disruption of dyad architecture and function are common features of diseased cardiomyocytes. However, little is known about the mechanisms that modulate dyad organization during cardiac development, homeostasis, and disease. Here, we use proximity proteomics in intact, living hearts to identify proteins enriched near dyads. Among these proteins is CMYA5, an under-studied striated muscle protein that co-localizes with Z-lines, junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins, and transverse tubules in mature cardiomyocytes. During cardiac development, CMYA5 positioning adjacent to Z-lines precedes junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum positioning or transverse tubule formation. CMYA5 ablation disrupts dyad architecture, dyad positioning at Z-lines, and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, leading to cardiac dysfunction and inability to tolerate pressure overload. These data provide mechanistic insights into cardiomyopathy pathogenesis by demonstrating that CMYA5 anchors junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum to Z-lines, establishes dyad architecture, and regulates dyad Ca2+ release.
Frenkel-defected monolayer MoS2 catalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xu Jie , Shao Gonglei , Tang Xuan , Lv Fang , Xiang Haiyan , Jing Changfei , Liu Song , Dai Sheng , Li Yanguang , Luo Jun , Zhou Zhen
Published: April 2022

Defect engineering is an effective strategy to improve the activity of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide base planes toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we report a Frenkel-defected monolayer MoS2 catalyst, in which a fraction of Mo atoms in MoS2 spontaneously leave their places in the lattice, creating vacancies and becoming interstitials by lodging in nearby locations. Unique charge distributions are introduced in the MoS2 surface planes, and those interstitial Mo atoms are more conducive to H adsorption, thus greatly promoting the HER activity of monolayer MoS2 base planes. At the current density of 10 mA cm−2, the optimal Frenkel-defected monolayer MoS2 exhibits a lower overpotential (164 mV) than either pristine monolayer MoS2 surface plane (358 mV) or Pt-single-atom doped MoS2 (211 mV). This work provides insights into the structure-property relationship of point-defected MoS2 and highlights the advantages of Frenkel defects in tuning the catalytic performance of MoS2 materials.
Redesigning regulatory components of quorum-sensing system for diverse metabolic control
Authors: Ge Chang , Yu Zheng , Sheng Huakang , Shen Xiaolin , Sun Xinxiao , Zhang Yifei , Yan Yajun , Wang Jia , Yuan Qipeng
Published: April 2022

Quorum sensing (QS) is a ubiquitous cell–cell communication mechanism that can be employed to autonomously and dynamically control metabolic fluxes. However, since the functions of genetic components in the circuits are not fully understood, the developed QS circuits are still less sophisticated for regulating multiple sets of genes or operons in metabolic engineering applications. Here, we discover the regulatory roles of a CRP-binding site and the lux box to −10 region within luxR-luxI intergenic sequence in controlling the lux-type QS promoters. By varying the numbers of the CRP-binding site and redesigning the lux box to −10 site sequence, we create a library of QS variants that possess both high dynamic ranges and low leakiness. These circuits are successfully applied to achieve diverse metabolic control in salicylic acid and 4-hydroxycoumarin biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli. This work expands the toolbox for dynamic control of multiple metabolic fluxes under complex metabolic background and presents paradigms to engineer metabolic pathways for high-level synthesis of target products.
A DNA vaccine targeting VEE virus delivered by needle-free jet-injection protects macaques against aerosol challenge
Authors: Suschak John J. , Bixler Sandra L. , Badger Catherine V. , Spik Kristin W. , Kwilas Steven A. , Rossi Franco D. , Twenhafel Nancy , Adams Melissa L. , Shoemaker Charles J. , Spiegel Erin , Hooper Jay W.
Published: April 2022

We have previously shown that DNA vaccines expressing codon optimized alphavirus envelope glycoprotein genes protect both mice and nonhuman primates from viral challenge when delivered by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) or intramuscular (IM) electroporation (EP). Another technology with fewer logistical drawbacks is disposable syringe jet injection (DSJI) devices developed by PharmaJet, Inc. These needle-free jet injection systems are spring-powered and capable of delivering vaccines either IM or into the dermis (ID). Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of our Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) DNA vaccine delivered by either the IM- or ID-DSJI devices in nonhuman primates. The protective efficacy was assessed following aerosol challenge. We found that a prime and single boost by either the IM or ID route resulted in humoral and cellular immune responses that provided significant protection against disease and viremia. Although the ID route utilized one-fifth the DNA dose used in the IM route of vaccination, and the measured humoral and cellular immune responses trended lower, the level of protection was high and performed as well as the IM route for several clinical endpoints.
Evaluation of hair cortisol as an indicator of long-term stress responses in dogs in an animal shelter and after subsequent adoption
Authors: van der Laan Janneke Elisabeth , Vinke Claudia Maureen , Arndt Saskia Stefanie
Published: April 2022

Shelter dogs are exposed to a variety of stressors. Among non-invasive techniques, hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is suggested an easy to collect biomarker for giving insight into long-term stress responses. We evaluated HCC as an indicator of long-term cortisol responses in dogs in an animal shelter over different chronological time points during sheltering and after adoption. Hair samples were collected from the neck region following a shave/re-shave protocol of shelter dogs (total n = 52) at four different time periods: T1 intake at shelter (pre-shelter period, n = 51); T2 after 6 weeks in the shelter (n = 23); T3 6 weeks after adoption (n = 24); T4 6 months after adoption (n = 22). HCC at T2 was significantly higher than HCC at T1, T3 and T4 (effect of sample collection moment: F3,41 = 12.78, p < 0.0001). The dog’s weight class, age class, sex, reason for admission, kennel history and melanin type also explained HCC variability. No significant difference in HCC was found between shelter dogs T1 and control pet dogs in their own homes (n = 20, one sample, t = − 1.24, p = 0.219). A significant but moderate positive correlation between HCC and urinary cortisol:creatinine ratios was found (т = 0.3, p < 0.001). As HCC increased in the shelter, the use of this non-invasive parameter appears a useful additional tool in dog welfare research.
Dynamics of maternal gene expression in Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Pascual Agustina , Rivera-Pomar Rolando
Published: April 2022

The study of developmental processes in Rhodnius prolixus has recently advanced with the sequencing of the genome. In this work, we analyze the maternal gene expression driving oogenesis and early embryogenesis in R. prolixus. We examined the transcriptional profile of mRNAs to establish the genes expressed across the ovary, unfertilized eggs and different embryonic stages of R. prolixus until the formation of the germ band anlage (0, 12, 24, and 48 h post egg laying). We identified 81 putative maternal and ovary-related genes and validated their expression by qRT-PCR. We validate the function of the ortholog gene Bicaudal-D (Rp-BicD) by in situ hybridization and parental RNAi. Consistent with a role in oogenesis and early development of R. prolixus, we show that lack of Rp-BicD does not significantly affect oogenesis but impairs the formation of the blastoderm. Based on our findings, we propose three times of action for maternal genes during oogenesis and embryogenesis in R. prolixus.
Novel use of FDA-approved drugs identified by cluster analysis of behavioral profiles
Authors: Tucker Edmister Sara , Del Rosario Hernández Thaís , Ibrahim Rahma , Brown Cameron A. , Gore Sayali V. , Kakodkar Rohit , Kreiling Jill A. , Creton Robbert
Published: April 2022

Repurposing FDA-approved drugs is an efficient and cost-effective approach in the development of therapeutics for a broad range of diseases. However, prediction of function can be challenging, especially in the brain. We screened a small-molecule library with FDA-approved drugs for effects on behavior. The studies were carried out using zebrafish larvae, imaged in a 384-well format. We found that various drugs affect activity, habituation, startle responses, excitability, and optomotor responses. The changes in behavior were organized in behavioral profiles, which were examined by hierarchical cluster analysis. One of the identified clusters includes the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), which are immunosuppressants and potential therapeutics in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. The calcineurin inhibitors form a functional cluster with seemingly unrelated drugs, including bromocriptine, tetrabenazine, rosiglitazone, nebivolol, sorafenib, cabozantinib, tamoxifen, meclizine, and salmeterol. We propose that drugs with ‘CsA-type’ behavioral profiles are promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Alterations of mucosa-attached microbiome and epithelial cell numbers in the cystic fibrosis small intestine with implications for intestinal disease
Authors: Kelly Jennifer , Al-Rammahi Miran , Daly Kristian , Flanagan Paul K. , Urs Arun , Cohen Marta C. , di Stefano Gabriella , Bijvelds Marcel J. C. , Sheppard David N. , de Jonge Hugo R. , Seidler Ursula E. , Shirazi-Beechey Soraya P.
Published: April 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Defective CFTR leads to accumulation of dehydrated viscous mucus within the small intestine, luminal acidification and altered intestinal motility, resulting in blockage. These changes promote gut microbial dysbiosis, adversely influencing the normal proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Using Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing and immunohistochemistry, we assessed changes in mucosa-attached microbiome and epithelial cell profile in the small intestine of CF mice and a CF patient compared to wild-type mice and non-CF humans. We found increased abundance of pro-inflammatory Escherichia and depletion of beneficial secondary bile-acid producing bacteria in the ileal mucosa-attached microbiome of CFTR-null mice. The ileal mucosa in a CF patient was dominated by a non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas species and lacked numerous beneficial anti-inflammatory and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. In the ileum of both CF mice and a CF patient, the number of absorptive enterocytes, Paneth and glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 secreting L-type enteroendocrine cells were decreased, whereas stem and goblet cell numbers were increased. These changes in mucosa-attached microbiome and epithelial cell profile suggest that microbiota-host interactions may contribute to intestinal CF disease development with implications for therapy.
Tuning riboflavin derivatives for photodynamic inactivation of pathogens
Authors: Crocker Leander B. , Lee Ju Hyun , Mital Suraj , Mills Gabrielle C. , Schack Sina , Bistrović-Popov Andrea , Franck Christoph O. , Mela Ioanna , Kaminski Clemens F. , Christie Graham , Fruk Ljiljana
Published: April 2022

The development of effective pathogen reduction strategies is required due to the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria and zoonotic viral pandemics. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of bacteria and viruses is a potent reduction strategy that bypasses typical resistance mechanisms. Naturally occurring riboflavin has been widely used in PDI applications due to efficient light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. By rational design of its core structure to alter (photo)physical properties, we obtained derivatives capable of outperforming riboflavin’s visible light-induced PDI against E. coli and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, revealing functional group dependency for each pathogen. Bacterial PDI was influenced mainly by guanidino substitution, whereas viral PDI increased through bromination of the flavin. These observations were related to enhanced uptake and ROS-specific nucleic acid cleavage mechanisms. Trends in the derivatives’ toxicity towards human fibroblast cells were also investigated to assess viable therapeutic derivatives and help guide further design of PDI agents to combat pathogenic organisms.
Factors influencing the uptake of short-term contraceptives among women in Afghanistan
Authors: Noormal Ahmad Siyar , Winkler Volker , Eshraqi Ali Maisam , Deckert Andreas , Sadaat Iftekhar , Dambach Peter
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to assess factors that influence the uptake of short-term contraceptives among married women aged between 15 and 49 years in Afghanistan. The cross-sectional Afghanistan 2015 Demographic and Health Survey provided the dataset for this analysis. We included 22,974 women and applied multivariable logistic regression to investigate the influencing factors for the uptake of short-term contraceptives. 92% of Afghan women knew at least one type of short-term contraception but only 17% were using short term contraceptives. Short term contraceptive use was most prevalent among women in the age group between 30 and 40 who were educated, employed, and rich. Most of the users were living in the western parts of Afghanistan and women from the Balooch and Pashtun ethnic groups were most likely to use short-term contraceptives. Media exposure and women empowerment were also positively associated with the use of short-term contraceptives. We did not find an association with living in urban or rural settings. Contraception promotion in Afghanistan requires multisectoral efforts, tailored to the needs of women from low and middle socioeconomic strata. Health promotion activities, empowering women, strengthening education, and training of service providers on effective counseling are options that should be considered to improve the current situation.
Changes in neural processing and evaluation of negative facial expressions after administration of an open-label placebo
Authors: Schienle Anne , Unger Isabella , Schwab Daniela
Published: April 2022

A recent event-related potential (ERP) study found that an open-label placebo (OLP) reduced emotional distress during the viewing of unpleasant scenes and the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP). The present ERP experiment aimed at a conceptual replication of this finding and investigated OLP effects during affective face processing. The participants (109 females) were presented with images depicting angry and neutral facial expressions after the administration of a saline nasal spray. The spray was either introduced as a placebo that could help reduce the emotional reactions to viewing angry faces (OLP group) or to improve the electrophysiological recordings (Control group). The OLP was associated with reduced LPP amplitudes (1000–6000 ms) to anger expressions across a frontal cluster. Additionally, the OLP reduced LPP amplitudes (400–1000 ms) to both anger and neutral faces across a centroparietal cluster. Compared to the Control group, the OLP group reported less arousal when confronted with angry faces, and rated the anger expressions as less intense. This study demonstrates that an OLP can alter both subjective and neural responses to anger cues. Future research should directly compare OLP treatment with other strategies for emotion regulation (e.g., cognitive reappraisal) to demonstrate the specificity of this approach.
Assessing clinical applicability of COVID-19 detection in chest radiography with deep learning
Authors: Pedrosa João , Aresta Guilherme , Ferreira Carlos , Carvalho Catarina , Silva Joana , Sousa Pedro , Ribeiro Lucas , Mendonça Ana Maria , Campilho Aurélio
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted healthcare systems across the world. Chest radiography (CXR) can be used as a complementary method for diagnosing/following COVID-19 patients. However, experience level and workload of technicians and radiologists may affect the decision process. Recent studies suggest that deep learning can be used to assess CXRs, providing an important second opinion for radiologists and technicians in the decision process, and super-human performance in detection of COVID-19 has been reported in multiple studies. In this study, the clinical applicability of deep learning systems for COVID-19 screening was assessed by testing the performance of deep learning systems for the detection of COVID-19. Specifically, four datasets were used: (1) a collection of multiple public datasets (284.793 CXRs); (2) BIMCV dataset (16.631 CXRs); (3) COVIDGR (852 CXRs) and 4) a private dataset (6.361 CXRs). All datasets were collected retrospectively and consist of only frontal CXR views. A ResNet-18 was trained on each of the datasets for the detection of COVID-19. It is shown that a high dataset bias was present, leading to high performance in intradataset train-test scenarios (area under the curve 0.55–0.84 on the collection of public datasets). Significantly lower performances were obtained in interdataset train-test scenarios however (area under the curve > 0.98). A subset of the data was then assessed by radiologists for comparison to the automatic systems. Finetuning with radiologist annotations significantly increased performance across datasets (area under the curve 0.61–0.88) and improved the attention on clinical findings in positive COVID-19 CXRs. Nevertheless, tests on CXRs from different hospital services indicate that the screening performance of CXR and automatic systems is limited (area under the curve < 0.6 on emergency service CXRs). However, COVID-19 manifestations can be accurately detected when present, motivating the use of these tools for evaluating disease progression on mild to severe COVID-19 patients.
Laponite/amoxicillin-functionalized PLA nanofibrous as osteoinductive and antibacterial scaffolds
Authors: Orafa Zahra , Bakhshi Hadi , Arab-Ahmadi Samira , Irani Shiva
Published: April 2022

In this study, Amoxicillin (AMX) was loaded on laponite (LAP) nanoplates and then immobilized on the surface of electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers to fabricate scaffolds with osteoinductive and antibacterial activities. The highest loading efficiency (49%) was obtained when the concentrations of AMX and LAP were 3 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively. FTIR and XRD spectroscopies and zeta potentiometry confirmed the successful encapsulating of AMX within LAP nanoplates. The immobilization of AMX-loaded LAPs on the surface of PLA nanofibers was verified by SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. In vitro release study showed a two-phase AMX release profile for the scaffolds; an initial burst release within the first 48 h and a later sustained release up to 21 days. In vitro antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli presented the ability of scaffolds to inhibit the growth of both bacteria. The biocompatibility assays revealed the attachment and viability of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) cultured on the surface of scaffolds (p ≤ 0.05). The increased ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) activity (p ≤ 0.001), calcium deposition, and expression of ALP and OSTEONECTIN genes indicated the osteoinductivity of functionalized scaffolds for hBMSCs. These LAP/AMX-functionalized scaffolds might be desirable candida for the treatment of bone defects.
Simultaneous monitoring of the middle cerebral and basilar arteries to detect right-to-left shunts using transcranial Doppler by agitated saline administration
Authors: Kim Min , Park So Young , Hong Ji Man
Published: April 2022

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is an easy, non-invasive, and real-time monitoring device for detecting right-to-left shunts (RLS). Nonetheless, it has limited benefits in patients with poor temporal windows. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the basilar artery (BA) window was as effective as the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in detecting RLS during TCD monitoring. Overall, we enrolled 344 patients with stroke, transient ischemic attack, headache, or dizziness. MCA and BA were monitored using a modified headset. To investigate the feasibility of the suboccipital window in detecting RLS, we instituted an evaluation tool with three tiers to evaluate microembolic signals (MESs) during TCD monitoring. Tier 1: TCD monitoring of the MCA (bilaterally) in the resting state, tier 2: TCD monitoring of the MCA (bilaterally) while performing the Valsalva maneuver, and tier 3: TCD monitoring of the index MCA and BA while performing the Valsalva maneuver. In tiers 2 and 3, a high agreement rate of 0.808 and 0.809 (p < 0.001), respectively, on the weighted kappa index, and a high intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.982 and 0.986 (p < 0.001), respectively, were observed on detecting MESs. Our data suggests that the BA window is as effective as the MCA window for detecting RLS on TCD.
FT-IR characteristics, phenolic profiles and inhibitory potential against digestive enzymes of 25 herbal infusions
Authors: Wongsa Prinya , Phatikulrungsun Posathon , Prathumthong Sasithon
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to analyse the FT-IR vibrational characteristics and concentration of phenolic compounds in 25 herbal plants using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) techniques, respectively, and to evaluate its in vitro potential to inhibit enzymes related type 2 diabetes and obesity. The vibrational spectra regions—3400–3200 cm−1—indicated hydroxyl group (O–H) and H-bonded stretching, which is characteristic of polyphenolic compounds. A wide range in phenolic compounds was found among the samples. Caffeic acid is the predominant phenolic compounds in the samples. Total phenolic content ranged from 5.02 mg GAE/g DW to 102.39 mg GAE/g DW. A moderate correlation (R2) between antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibition was 0.46, (p < 0.05) while that (R2) ofp-coumaric acid and α-glucosidase inhibition was 0.54, (p < 0.05). Moreover, the herbal infusions showed potential to inhibit digestive enzymes, the highest being on the infusion based on a cup-serving basis.
The exceptional preservation of Aix-en-Provence spider fossils could have been facilitated by diatoms
Authors: Olcott Alison N. , Downen Matthew R. , Schiffbauer James D. , Selden Paul A.
Published: April 2022

Much of our understanding of the history of life on Earth comes from fossil sites with exceptional preservation. Here, we use microscopy and chemical analysis of spiders found in the Oligocene Aix-en-Provence Formation, France, to unravel the taphonomic pathway responsible for the preservation of these arachnids. Microscopy revealed the presence of diatom mats and a black polymer on the body of the spiders, while elemental analysis revealed the polymer was composed of co-localized carbon and sulfur. We hypothesize that the extracellular polymeric substances produced by the diatoms found widely in this deposit could have helped promote the sulfurization of the spiders. Additionally, examination of similar Fossil-Lagerstätten reveals that this preservation pathway may be widespread across the Cenozoic and, if so, would be responsible for much of our understanding of insect, arachnid, amphibian, and plant life preserved in lacustrine settings.
Amyloid-mimicking toxic nanofibers generated via self-assembly of dopamine
Authors: Prajapati Kailash Prasad , Anand Bibin Gnanadhason , Ansari Masihuzzaman , Temgire Mayur , Tiku Ashu Bhan , Kar Karunakar
Published: April 2022

The neurotransmitter dopamine shows oxidation-favored aggregation under physiological mimicked conditions, yielding a well-organized amyloid mimicking cytotoxic nanoarchitecture.
Industrial data science – a review of machine learning applications for chemical and process industries
Authors: Mowbray Max , Vallerio Mattia , Perez-Galvan Carlos , Zhang Dongda , Del Rio Chanona Antonio , Navarro-Brull Francisco J.
Published: April 2022

Understand and optimize industrial processesviamachine learning and chemical engineering principles.
Simultaneous tracking of autophagy and oxidative stress during stroke with an ICT-TBET integrated ratiometric two-photon platform
Authors: Hu Wei , Qiang Taotao , Chai Li , Liang Tianyu , Ren Longfang , Cheng Fei , Li Chunya , James Tony D.
Published: April 2022

Ratiometric simultaneous tracking of autophagy and oxidative stress was achieved using an ICT-TBET integrated platform. Mito-ONOO exhibited excellent selectivity, good chemical stability, and non-overlapping ratiometric signals.
Stable co-production of olefins and aromatics from ethane over Co2+-exchanged HZSM-5 zeolite
Authors: Hu Wenjin , Xu Yuebing , Xin Jian , Liu Bing , Jiang Feng , Liu Xiaohao
Published: April 2022

Olefins and aromatics can be stably co-produced from ethane over a Co-exchanged HZSM-5 catalyst in which isolated Co(ii) species are anchored at Brønsted acid sites and active for efficient ethane dehydrogenation.
Synthesis of adiponitrile from dimethyl adipate and ammonia in the vapor-phase over niobium oxide
Authors: Xu Xiao-Feng , Wang Yao-Feng , Guo Tao , Luan Li-Kun , Liu Shan-Shan , Xu Bao-Hua
Published: April 2022

An environmentally benign route leading to adiponitrile (ADN), a nylon-6,6 intermediate, was achieved by direct vapor-phase nitrilation of dimethyl adipate (DMA) with ammonia (NH3) in a fixed-bed reactor.
Structural and transport properties of Nd tungstates and their composites with Ni0.5Cu0.5O obtained by mechanical activation
Authors: Eremeev Nikita F. , Bespalko Yuliya N. , Sadovskaya Ekaterina M. , Skriabin Pavel I. , Krieger Tamara A. , Ishchenko Arcady V. , Sadykov Vladislav A.
Published: April 2022

Fast diffusion along grain boundaries and slow diffusion within grains’ bulk were revealed for Nd tungstates. A significant decrease in diffusivity was shown for their composites as the reduction + reoxidation led to an increase in oxygen mobility.
Impact of counter anions on spin-state switching of manganese(iii) complexes containing an azobenzene ligand
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Bagchi Sukanya , Kamilya Sujit , Mehta Sakshi , Sarkar Debopam , Herchel Radovan , Mondal Abhishake
Published: April 2022

This work reports the effect of counter anion along with photo-active azobenzene ligand on spin-state switching in manganese(iii) center.
M-CPOnes: transition metal complexes with cyclopropenone-based ligands for light-triggered carbon monoxide release
Authors: Lehr Marc , Neumann Tjorge , Näther Christian , McConnell Anna J.
Published: April 2022

The combination of cyclopropenone-based ligands and transition metal complexes gives a new class of CO-releasing molecules, M-CPOnes. Light-triggered CO release from the M-CPOnes is reported.
Nano-biochar modulates the formation of iron plaque through facilitating iron-involved redox reactions on aquatic plant root surfaces
Authors: Gu Shiguo , Lian Fei , Han Yaru , Taherymoosavi Sarasadat , Mitchell David , Joseph Stephen , Wang Zhenyu , Xing Baoshan
Published: April 2022

The ubiquitous presence of submicron-sized black carbon (BC) in the water environment makes it inevitably interact with root surfaces of aquatic plants.
Advances in 4D printing of liquid crystalline elastomers: materials, techniques, and applications
Authors: Guan Zhecun , Wang Ling , Bae Jinhye
Published: April 2022

We review recent advances in 4D printing of LCEs, with emphasis on synthesis and processing methods that enable microscopic changes in the molecular orientation and hence macroscopic changes in the properties of printed objects.
An NBD tertiary amine is a fluorescent quencher and/or a weak green-light fluorophore in H2S-specific probes
Authors: Chen Ruirui , Ye Haishun , Fang Tian , Liu Shanshan , Yi Long , Cheng Longhuai
Published: April 2022

The piperazinyl-based NBD probes can efficiently and selectively react with H2S, where the NBD tertiary amine moiety can be a fluorescent quencher or a weak fluorophore in different cases.
Strong visible light-absorbing BODIPY-based Cu(i) cyclic trinuclear sensitizer for photocatalysis
Authors: Xia Ri-Qin , Zheng Ji , Wei Rong-Jia , He Jiaxing , Ye Dong-Qin , Li Ming-De , Ning Guo-Hong , Li Dan
Published: April 2022

A BODIPY-based copper cyclic trinuclear complex has been prepared, exhibiting strong visible light absorption and long-lived triplet excited state, which can serve as a photosensitizer for light-induced oxidation reactions.
Synthesis, optical properties and cation mediated tuning of the reduction potentials of core-annulated naphthalene diimide derivatives
Authors: Roy Tirupati , Debnath Indraneel , Mahata Kingsuk
Published: April 2022

Napthalene diimides (NDIs) are attractive candidates for electrical energy storage owing to the stabilisation of complexes between electrogenerated dianions and cations.
An environmentally benign and high-rate Appel type reaction
Authors: Fuenzalida Nicolas Mattias Del Rio , Alme Eirin , Lundevall Frida Johanne , Bjørsvik Hans-René
Published: April 2022

A green, high rate, high yielding, and selective Appel reaction that make use of 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins and N-halo-succinimides as halogenation reagents. The new Appel reaction method was developed for batch and continuous flow reactors.
Diastereoselective and enantioselective photoredox pinacol coupling promoted by titanium complexes with a red-absorbing organic dye
Authors: Calogero Francesco , Magagnano Giandomenico , Potenti Simone , Pasca Francesco , Fermi Andrea , Gualandi Andrea , Ceroni Paola , Bergamini Giacomo , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: April 2022

A metallaphotoredox, diastereoselective and enantioselective pinacol coupling reaction promoted by titanium complexes with the use of a red-absorbing organic dye was developed.
Surface enrichment and interdiffusion in blends of semiflexible polymers of different stiffness
Authors: Milchev Andrey , Binder Kurt
Published: April 2022

A model for a mixture of two kinds of semiflexible polymers (A and B) with the same chain length (NA=NB= 32), but different persistence lengths, confined between parallel planar repulsive walls in a common good solvent is studied by molecular dynamics simulations.
Transient response and domain formation in electrically deforming liquid crystal networks
Authors: Kusters Guido L. A. , van der Schoot Paul , Storm Cornelis
Published: April 2022

Using a Landau theory we explain in terms of free-volume permeation the recently observed emergence of three transient regimes in the dynamics of shape-shifting liquid crystal network films. We predict that the time scales depend strongly on film thickness.
Doped ceria with exsolved Fe0 nanoparticles as a Sr-free cathode for CO2 electrolysis in SOECs at reduced temperatures
Authors: Jiang Yunan , Ye Lujuan , Zhang Shaowei , Xia Changrong
Published: April 2022

In situ Fe exsolution under SOEC working conditions remarkably facilitates CO2 reduction, enabling high-efficiency CO2 electrolysis at lower temperatures.
Efficient Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells via monitorable chemical bath deposition
Authors: Li Sen , Lu Shuaicheng , Lu Yue , Xue Jiayou , Li Kanghua , Chen Chao , Tang Jiang
Published: April 2022

A monitorable chemical bath deposition is developed to fabricate Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells. The deposition mechanisms are studied with the aid of real-time solution color, pH and temperature. Finally, a champion efficiency of 8.27% is achieved.
An artificial antibody for exosome capture by dull template imprinting technology
Authors: Liu Lukuan , Liu Jianhui , Zhou Wen , Sui Zhigang , Liu Jing , Yang Kaiguang , Zhang Lihua , Liang Zhen , Zhang Yukui
Published: April 2022

Benefiting from the synergistic effect of dull template imprinting and electrostatic interaction, the artificial antibody can capture exosomes from biofluids.
High-performance ultra-narrow-band green-emitting phosphor LaMgAl11O19:Mn2+ for wide color-gamut WLED backlight displays
Authors: Wu Zhangyue , Li Chao , Zhang Feng , Huang Shixiang , Wang Feijiu , Wang Xiaoming , Jiao Huan
Published: April 2022

A high-performance ultra-narrow-band green-emitting phosphor LaMgAl11O19:0.28Mn2+ (λem = 517 nm, FWHM ∼24 nm) is prepared by a solid-state reaction in air, which can be applied in a pc-wLED with wide color-gamut value of 131% NTSC and 97.8% Rec. 2020.
Medical data publishing based on average distribution and clustering
Authors: Yi Tong , Shi Minyong , Zhu Haibin
Published: April 2022

Most of the data publishing methods have not considered sensitivity protection, and hence the adversary can disclose privacy by sensitivity attack. Faced with this problem, this paper presents a medical data publishing method based on sensitivity determination. To protect the sensitivity, the sensitivity of disease information is determined by semantics. To seek the trade‐off between information utility and privacy security, the new method focusses on the protection of sensitive values with high sensitivity and assigns the highly sensitive disease information to groups as evenly as possible. The experiments are conducted on two real‐world datasets, of which the records include various attributes of patients. To measure sensitivity protection, the authors define a metric, which can evaluate the degree of sensitivity disclosure. Besides, additional information loss and discernability metrics are used to measure the availability of released tables. The experimental results indicate that the new method can provide better privacy than the traditional one while the information utility is guaranteed. Besides value protection, the proposed method can provide sensitivity protection and available releasing for medical data.
Localizing narrow Fe Kαemission within bright AGN
Authors: Andonie Carolina , Bauer Franz E. , Carraro Rosamaria , Arévalo Patricia , Alexander David M. , Brandt William N. , Buchner Johannes , He Adam , Koss Michael J. , Ricci Claudio , Salinas Vicente , Solimano Manuel , Tortosa Alessia , Treister Ezequiel
Published: April 2022

Context.The 6.4 keV Fe Kαemission line is a ubiquitous feature in X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN), and its properties track the interaction between the variable primary X-ray continuum and the surrounding structure from which it arises.

Aims.We clarify the nature and origin of the narrow Fe Kαemission using X-ray spectral, timing, and imaging constraints, plus possible correlations to AGN and host galaxy properties, for 38 bright nearby AGN (z < 0.5) from the Burst Alert Telescope AGN Spectroscopic Survey.

Methods.ModelingChandraandXMM-Newtonspectra, we computed line full-width half-maxima (FWHMs) and constructed Fe Kαline and 2–10 keV continuum light curves. The FWHM provides one estimate of the Fe Kαemitting region size,RFeKα, assuming virial motion. A second estimate comes from comparing the degree of correlation between the variability of the continuum and line-only light curves, compared to simulated light curves. Finally, we extractedChandraradial profiles to place upper limits onRFeKα.

Results.For 90% (21/24) of AGN with FWHM measurements,RFeKαis smaller than the fiducial dust sublimation radius,Rsub. From timing analysis, 37 and 18 AGN show significant continuum and Fe Kαvariability, respectively. Despite a wide range of variability properties, the constraints on the Fe Kαphoton reprocessor size independently confirm thatRFeKαis smaller thanRsubin 83% of AGN. Finally, the imaging analysis yields loose upper limits for all but two sources; notably, the Circinus Galaxy and NGC 1068 show significant but subdominant extended Fe Kαemission out to ∼100 and ∼800 pc, respectively.

Conclusions.Based on independent constraints, we conclude that the majority of the narrow Fe Kαemission in typical AGN predominantly arises from regions smaller than and presumably insideRsub, and thus it is associated either with the outer broad line region or outer accretion disk. However, the large diversity of continuum and narrow Fe Kαvariability properties are not easily accommodated by a universal scenario.
The environmental dependence of the stellar and gas-phase mass–metallicity relation at 2 < z < 4
Authors: Calabrò A. , Guaita L. , Pentericci L. , Fontanot F. , Castellano M. , De Lucia G. , Garofalo T. , Santini P. , Cullen F. , Carnall A. , Garilli B. , Talia M. , Cresci G. , Franco M. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Hathi N. P. , Hirschmann M. , Koekemoer A. , Llerena M. , Xie L.
Published: April 2022

In the local universe, galaxies in clusters typically show different physical and chemical properties compared to more isolated systems. Understanding how this difference originates, and whether it is already in place at high redshift, is still a matter of debate. Thanks to uniquely deep optical spectra available from the VANDELS survey, we investigate environmental effects on the stellar mass–metallicity relation (MZR) for a sample of nearly 1000 star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 2 < z < 4. We complement our dataset with the MOSFIRE follow-up of 21 galaxies to study the environmental dependence of the gas-phase MZR. Robust stellar and gas-phase metallicities are derived from well-calibrated photospheric absorptions features, respectively at 1501 and 1719 Å in the stacked spectra, and from optical emission lines ([OII]λλ3726−3729, [OIII]λ5007, and Hβ) in individual systems. We characterize the environment through multiple criteria by using the local galaxy density maps derived in the VANDELS fields to identify overdense structures and protoclusters of varying sizes. We find that environmental effects are weak at redshifts 2 < z < 4, and they are more important around the densest overdensity structures and protoclusters, where galaxies have a lower stellar metallicity (by ∼0.2 dex) and a lower gas-phase metallicity (by 0.1 dex) compared to the field, with a significance of 1σ and 2σ, respectively. Crucially, this downward offset cannot be explained by a selection effect due to a higher star formation rate, a fainter UV continuum, or different dust attenuations and stellar ages for galaxies in overdense enviroments with respect to the field. In spite of the still low signal-to-noise ratio of our results, we consider possible explanations of this environmental dependence. We propose a combination of increased mergers and high-speed encounters, more efficient AGN feedback in dense cores, and cold gas inflows from the cosmic web as viable physical mechanisms diluting the metal content of the cold gas reservoirs of overdense galaxies or expelling their metals to the intergalactic medium, even though additional studies are needed to determine the most significant scenario. Finally, some tensions remain between observations and both semi-analytic models and hydrodynamical simulations, which predict no significant metallicity offset as a function of host halo mass, suggesting that an explicit implementation of environmental processes in dense protocluster cores is needed.
Ram pressure stripping in the z  ∼  0.5 galaxy cluster MS 0451.6-0305
Authors: Durret F. , Degott L. , Lobo C. , Ebeling H. , Jauzac M. , Tam S.-I.
Published: April 2022

Context. The pressure exerted by the ambient hot X-ray gas on cluster galaxies can lead to the presence of ram pressure stripped (RPS) galaxies, characterized by asymmetric shapes, and, in some cases, tails of blue stars and/or X-ray gas, with increased star formation.

Aims. With the aim of increasing the known sample of RPS galaxies at redshift z ∼ 0.5, notably higher than most RPS samples presently known, we extended our searches for such galaxies to the cluster MS 0451.6-0305.

Methods. Our study is based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging in the F814W band (corresponding to a restframe wavelength of 529 nm), covering a region of about 6 × 6 Mpc2, an eight magnitude ground-based catalogue with photometric redshifts, and a spectroscopic redshift catalogue. We defined as cluster members a spectroscopic redshift sample of 359 galaxies within ±4σv of the mean cluster velocity, and a photometric redshift sample covering the [0.48, 0.61] range. We searched for RPS galaxies in the HST images and tested the error on their classification with a Zooniverse collaboration. We also computed the phase space diagram of RPS candidates in the spectroscopic sample. Finally, we ran the LePhare stellar population synthesis code through the GAZPAR interface to analyze and compare the properties of RPS and non-RPS galaxies.

Results. We find 56 and 273 RPS candidates in the spectroscopic and photometric redshift samples, respectively. They are distributed throughout the cluster and tend to avoid high density regions. The phase space diagram gives the percentages of virialized, backsplash, and infall galaxies. RPS galaxy candidates typically show rather high star formation rates, young ages, and relatively low masses. We compare all our results to those previously obtained for the massive merging cluster MACS J0717+3745, at a similar redshift.

Conclusions. This study increases by at least 56 objects if we only consider galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, and probably much more if galaxies with photometric redshifts are taken into account. This study increases the number of RPS candidates at redshift z > 0.5, and confirms that they host, on average, younger stellar populations and strongly form stars when compared with non-RPS counterparts. The fact that RPS candidates with spectroscopic and with photometric redshifts have comparable properties shows that large samples of such objects could be gathered based on multi-band photometry only, a promising result in view of the very large imaging surveys planned in the coming years (DES, Euclid, LSST, etc.).
A primal-dual flow for affine constrained convex optimization
Authors: Luo Hao
Published: April 2022

We introduce a novel primal-dual flow for affine constrained convex optimization problems. As a modification of the standard saddle-point system, our flow model is proved to possess the exponential decay property, in terms of a tailored Lyapunov function. Then two primal-dual methods are obtained from numerical discretizations of the continuous problem, and global nonergodic linear convergence rate is established via a discrete Lyapunov function. Instead of solving the subproblem of the primal variable, we apply the semi-smooth Newton iteration to the inner problem with respect to the multiplier, provided that there are some additional properties such as semi-smoothness and sparsity. Finally, numerical tests on the linearly constrained l1-l2 minimization and the tot al-variation based image denoising model have been provided.
Wie lässt sich die Arbeitszufriedenheit von Pflegenden steigern?
Authors: Schlick Stephanie
Published: April 2022

Pflegende sind aufgrund der beruflichen Rahmenbedingungen oft frustriert und demotiviert. Dann sind Führungskräfte gefordert, um die Arbeitszufriedenheit und Leistung des Teams (wieder) zu steigern. Unterstützen kann dabei die transformationale Führung.
Knochenrekonstruktion an der oberen Extremität mittels eines freien vaskularisierten Knochentransplantates aus der medialen Femurkondyle ohne Berücksichtigung des Skaphoids
Authors: Kaiser Benedict , Gohritz Andreas , Mende Konrad , Fulco Ilario , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Kämpfen Alexandre
Published: April 2022

Ziel Diese Studie untersucht, ob das vaskularisierte Knochentransplantat aus der medialen Femurkondyle (MFC) auch erfolgreich bei kleinen (< 4 cm) Knochendefekten an der oberen Extremität eingesetzt werden kann, die nicht das Skaphoid betreffen.

Patienten und Methoden Achtmal wurde bei 7 Patienten mit einem Alter zwischen 28 und 66 Jahren ein vaskularisiertes Knochentransplantat aus der MFC zur Rekonstruktion von Knochendefekten, die nicht das Kahnbein betrafen, an der oberen Extremität eingesetzt. Knochenheilung, Komplikationen, Hebemorbidität und die Patientenzufriedenheit wurden erfasst. Die Nachuntersuchungszeit betrug 3 bis 40 Monate. Die Indikationen für die Rekonstruktion mittels freier MFC waren 2 trotz mehrerer Voroperationen nicht geheilte distale Radiusfrakturen, ein ossärer Defekt am distalen Radius nach Fraktur mit radioskaphoidaler Arthrose, ein akutes, komplexes Trauma mit Verlust von Anteilen des Karpus und des distalen Radius bei Explosionsverletzung, eine Rekonstruktion des ersten Mittelhandknochens (MHK) nach Resektion eines Riesenzelltumors und 3 Arthrodesen zwischen dem 1. und 2. MHK als Rettungsoperation nach mehrfachen Operationen bei Daumensattelgelenksarthrose.

Ergebnisse Vier der 8 Knochentransplantate zeigten eine regelrechte Heilung; 3-mal war sie mit 7, 8 und 9 Monaten verzögert. Einmal zeigte sich nur eine partielle Knochenheilung. Zweimal kam es zu einem revisionsbedürftigen Hämatom an der Entnahmestelle. Die Patientenzufriedenheit war mit Schmerzfreiheit in 7 der 8 Fälle in Anbetracht der Komplexität der Fälle zufriedenstellend.

Schlussfolgerung Das freie vaskularisierte Knochentransplantat aus der MFC kann erfolgreich ohne Längenverlust zur Rekonstruktion bei Knochendefekten an der oberen Extremität eingesetzt werden, die nicht das Kahnbein betreffen und kleiner als 4 cm sind.
Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis Caused by Vertical Transmission of Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Scheurer Johannah M. , Fanta Meghan L. , Colbenson Gretchen A. , Arbefeville Sophie , Ferrieri Patricia
Published: April 2022

Early-onset neonatal sepsis contributes substantially to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Presenting signs and symptoms vary, and most causes are due to a limited number of common microbes. However, providers must be cognizant of unusual pathogens when treating early-onset sepsis (EOS). We report a case of a term neonate who presented with respiratory distress, lethargy, and hypoglycemia 5 hours after birth. He was treated for presumed EOS with blood culture, revealing an unusual pathogen, Pasteurella multocida. Sepsis from this pathogen is a rarely reported cause of early onset neonatal sepsis. Our report is one of few that implicate vertical transmission with molecular diagnostic confirmation of P. multocida, subspecies septica. The neonate was treated with antibiotics and supportive care and recovered without ongoing complications. Providers should maintain an index of suspicion for rare causes of neonatal EOS. For these unusual cases, precise microbial identification enables understanding to provide best clinical care and anticipation of complications.