bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How does Income Inequality affect the Support for Populist Parties?
Authors: Stoetzer Lukas , Giesecke Johannes , Klüver Heike
Published: March 2021

Recent studies provide evidence that income inequality is a relevant driver for the electoral success of populist parties all over Europe. In this article, we aim to understand how exactly increasing income inequality can lead to support for populist parties. More specifically, we discuss four different attitudinal mechanisms that have been suggested in previous research: economic insecurities, trust in political elites, social integration and social identity. We rely on eight waves of the European Social Survey and find that especially trust in political elites is linked to rising income inequality and populist support. However, a causal mediation analysis shows that none of these mechanisms is sufficient to understand the impact of income inequality onsupport for populists. This finding raises questions regarding the empirical relevance of existing theories to explain how macroeconomic changes in inequality became a pre-condition for the rise of populist parties.
Differential expression of RUN and SH3 domain containing 1 (RUSC1) in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding RUN and SH3 domain containing 1, RUSC1, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. RUSC1 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Further interrogation revealed that a RUSC1 antisense transcript, RUSC1-AS1, was differentially expressed at the transcriptome level in a separate dataset. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of RUSC1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal B type cancer. RUSC1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
THE STUDY OF STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN LEARNING ENGLISH AT SECOND GRADE OF SMK NEGERI 3 BAUBAU
Authors: Mido La
Published: March 2021

Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana ketertarikan siswa dalam belajarbahasa Inggris pada kelas 2 SMK Negeri 3 Baubau. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskanketertarikan siswa dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini dibatasi untuk melihat faktorfaktor yang menyebabkan munculnya ketertarikan siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris.Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMKNegeri 3 Baubau. Penelitian difokuskan untuk mendapatkan data dari guru bahasa Inggrisdan siswa kelas 2 SMK Negeri Baubau pada Tahun Akademik 2018/2019 sebagai subyekpenelitian. Peneliti menggunakan angket dan interview di dalam mengumpulkan data. Teknikyang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah menggunakan 3 tahapan yakni pengurangandata, penyajian data dan verifikasi data.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ketertarikan siswa dalam belajar bahasaInggris di SMK Negeri 3 Baubau berada pada kategori sangat bagus. Ini disebabkan karenafaktor dari ketertarikan mereka adalah karena bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasainternasional yang digunakan pada banyak negara yang secara langsung maupun tidaklangsung berkaitan dengan dunia kerja. Selain itu, bakat dalam diri, penggunaan metodemengajar serta fasilitas belajar merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi ketertarikan siswadalam belajar bahasa Inggris.
DEVELOPING THE STUDENTS’ READING ABILITY ON INTRINSIC ELEMENT OF SHORT STORY BY USING BUZZ GROUP METHOD AT SECOND GRADE OF SMA NEGERI 3 BAUBAU
Authors: Mido La
Published: March 2021

Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah apakah metode Buzz Group meningkatkankemampuan membaca siswa dalam elemen-elemen cerita pendek di siswa(i) kelas dua SMANegeri 3 Baubau?Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasy experimental. Populasi penelitian ini terdiridari seluruh siswa(i) kelas dua SMA Negeri 3 Baubau yang berasal dari 8 kelas denganjumlah 159 siswa (i). Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan teknik klasterrandom sampling sehinnga jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 siswa(i) pada tahun ajaran 2018/2019.Data penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa nilai rata-rata tes awal kelasekperimen adalah 62.00 sedangkan nilai rata-rata tes akhir adalah 79.70. Selanjutnya, nilairata-rata tes awal kelas kontrol adalah 55.40 sedangkan nilai rata-rata tes akhir 68.80. NilaiThitung lebih besar daripada nilai Ttabel yakni (4.142 > 2.08596).Sehingga, hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode BuzzGroup dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa(i) dalam elemen-elemen ceritapendek di SMA Negeri 3 Baubau.
The NCAR airborne 94-GHz cloud radar: calibration and data processing
Authors: Romatschke Ulrike , Dixon Michael , Tsai Peisang , Loew Eric , Vivekanandan Jothiram , Emmett Jonathan , Rilling Robert
Published: March 2021

The 94-GHz airborne HIAPER Cloud Radar (HCR) has now been deployed in three major field campaigns. NCAR has developed an extensive set of quality assurance and quality control procedures which are applied to all collected data. Engineering measurements performed both in the laboratory and in an antenna measurement chamber yielded calibration characteristics for the antenna, reflector, and radome. These calibration results are applied during flight, to produce the radar moments available in real-time. However, temperature changes in the instrument during flight affect the receiver gains, leading to some bias in the calibration values applied in real time. Post project, we estimate the temperature - induced gain errors and apply gain corrections to improve the quality of the final data set. In addition, the reflectivity calibration is monitored b comparing sea surface cross section measurements against theoretically-calculated model values. These comparisons confirm that HCR is calibrated to within 1 dB of the theory. A radar echo classification algorithm was developed to identify “cloud echo” and distinguish it from artifacts such as the echo from the surface, transmitter leakage, and a number of other categories. Model reanalysis data and digital terrain elevation data were interpolated to the radar time-range grid of the radar data, to provide an environmental reference. These fields were used for the sea surface calibration and also are made available as an aid for scientific research. The data for the three major field campaigns is available at https://doi.org/10.5065/D6CJ8BV7 (NCAR/EOL Remote Sensing Facility, 2020a, CSET field campaign), https://doi.org/10.5065/D68914PH (NCAR/EOL Remote Sensing Facility, 2020b, SOCRATES campaign), and https://doi.org/10.26023/V9DJ-7T9J-PE0S (NCAR/EOL Remote Sensing Facility, 2020c, OTREC campaign).
Some methods of psychological counseling for psychologists involved in solving psychological problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the educational space
Authors: Inasaridze Ketevan
Published: March 2021

In order to overcome the problems created by the COVID-19 pandemic in the educational space of Georgia, the specialists working on the psychological hotline need to have deep knowledge of psychological counseling issues and methods in order to provide timely and qualified assistance to those seeking help. The presented article discusses the characteristics of establishing a helping relationship by a consultant.
Attributions to discrimination against Black victims in a multiracial society: Isolating the effect of perpetrator group membership
Authors: O'Brien Laurie , Merritt Sally
Published: March 2021

As the U.S. becomes more racially and ethnically diverse, interactions between Black people and other minority groups have become increasingly common. The present research examined how a perpetrator’s group membership affects judgments of employment discrimination against a Black victim. Four experiments (combined N=1,016) tested predictions derived from the prototype model of discrimination. Participants reviewed a case file where a Black, Latino, Asian, or White manager rejected a Black job applicant. Attributions to discrimination were much stronger for a Latino, Asian, or White manager compared to a Black manager. Attributions to discrimination were slightly stronger when for a White manager compared to an Asian or Latino manager; however, effect sizes for these differences were small. Attributions to discrimination were similar for the Asian and Latino managers. Whether the perpetrator had outgroup standing relative to the victim was the strongest factor influencing attributions to discrimination for a Black victim of employment discrimination.
Disentangling Paradigm and Method Can Help Bring Qualitative Research to Post-Positivist Psychology and Address the Generalizability Crisis
Authors: Syed Moin , McLean Kate C.
Published: March 2021

For decades, psychological research has heavily favored quantitative over qualitative methods. One reason for this imbalance is the perception that quantitative methods follow from a post-positivist paradigm, which guides mainstream psychology, whereas qualitative methods follow from a con- structivist paradigm. However, methods and paradigms are independent, and embracing qualitative methods within mainstream psychology is one way of addressing the generalizability crisis.
The Psychology of saying what you don’t mean: Celebrating the research career of Professor Albert Katz
Authors: Buchanan Lori , Pexman Penny M. , Titone Debra
Published: March 2021

Preface to the Special Issue of the Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, honouring the research contributions of Professor Albert Katz.
Co-creating developmental science
Authors: Mills Kathryn L. , Whitmore Lucy
Published: March 2021

Co-creating science with members of the researched population improves the science being conducted. Most scientific research is designed and conducted by individuals in academic or research institutions, often with advanced degrees. Of course, this is understandable given that conducting a rigorous scientific investigation takes both training and resources. However, trained researchers can team up with individuals without formalized training to conduct scientific investigations together. Here, we argue that it is time to normalize the practice of incorporating developing populations, and relevant stakeholders, in the design and interpretation of scientific research. We focus on these specific components of the scientific process given the unique strength of including the perspectives of individuals with lived experiences in scientific research.
An empirical approach of identifying subject matter experts (SMEs) for the development of situational judgment tests
Authors: Zhang Don C. , Wang Yi
Published: March 2021

The development of a scoring key for the situational judgment test (SJT) often requires subject matter experts (SMEs) to identify the best responses for a hypothetical situation. And yet, there is no gold standard for identifying the SMEs. This paper describes an empirical and context-free approach: the Cochran-Weiss-Shanteau (CWS) method, which does not rely on external criteria such as tenure or credential. We first describe the theory behind the empirical approach of expertise. We also outline the CWS method and provide an R script for calculating the CWS-index. Next, we demonstrate how the CWS-index can be used for improving interrater agreement and the efficiency of SME selection. Finally, we examined the nomological network of the CWS index. We found the CWS index was associated with reflective thinking and intuition avoidance.
Interoceptive Functioning in Schizophrenia and Schizotypy
Authors: Torregrossa Lénie , Amedy Amad , Roig Jacqueline , Prada Andrea , Park Sohee
Published: March 2021

Though bodily self-disturbances are well documented in schizophrenia, interoceptive functioning (i.e., the perception of the internal state of the body) remains poorly understood in this population. In fact, only two studies to date have empirically measured interoceptive ability in schizophrenia. Both studies documented a deficit in interoceptive accuracy (i.e., objective performance on a heartbeat detection task), and one noted differences in interoceptive sensibility (i.e., subjective experience of interoception) in this population. To our knowledge, interoceptive awareness (i.e., metacognitive awareness of one’s interoceptive ability) has never been measured in schizophrenia and the link between interoceptive functioning and schizotypy remains unexplored. The present study addresses this gap by investigating the three dimensions of interoception in individuals with schizophrenia and matched controls (Experiment 1, N=58) and in relation to schizotypal traits (Experiment 2, N=109). Consistent with the literature, Experiment 1 documented a deficit in interoceptive accuracy and differences in interoceptive sensibility in individuals with schizophrenia. For the first time, our study revealed intact interoceptive awareness in individuals with schizophrenia. Against our expectations, we found no link between schizotypy and interoceptive functioning in Experiment 2. Our novel findings bear important clinical implications as insight into one’s interoceptive limitations (i.e., intact interoceptive awareness) might promote treatment seeking behavior in schizophrenia. The lack of association between interoceptive ability and schizotypy in non-help-seeking youths suggests that changes in interoception may only arise with the onset of psychosis.
Heterogeneous Effects of Intergenerational Social Mobility: An Improved Method and New Evidence
Authors: Luo Liying
Published: March 2021

Intergenerational social mobility has immense implications for individuals' well-being, attitudes, and behaviors. However, previous methods may be unreliable for estimating heterogeneous mobility effects, especially in the presence of moderate- or large-scale intergenerational mobility. We propose an improved method, called the "mobility contrast model" (MCM). Using simulation evidence, we demonstrated that the MCM is more flexible and reliable for estimating and testing heterogeneous mobility effects, and the results are robust to the scale of intergenerational mobility. We revisited the debate about the effect of mobility on fertility and analyzed data from the 1962 Occupational Changes in a Generation Study (OCG-1) and more recent data from the 1974 through 2018 General Social Survey (GSS) using both previous models and the MCM. The MCM suggested a small association between fertility and occupational mobility in the GSS data but substantial and heterogeneous educational mobility effects on fertility in the OCG-1 and the GSS. Such effects were difficult to pinpoint using previous methods because mobility effects of different magnitudes and opposite directions among mobility groups may cancel out. The new method can be extended to investigate the effect of intergenerational mobility across multiple generations and other research areas including immigrant assimilation and heterogamy.
Comparative efficacy of ionophores and ZeeCox®, a phytogenic multistage anticoccidial against Chicken Coccidiosis
Authors: P Azhahianambi , S Suganya , S Thiyagarajan , R Vijayashanthi , N Madan , Maini Shivi , TMA Senthilkumar , M Raman
Published: March 2021

The study was designed to investigate the comparative anti-coccidial efficacy of ZeeCox® (Phytogenic anti-coccidial formulation developed by Indian Herbs Specialities Ltd) at recommended dose levels, with commonly used ionophore anti-coccidial drugs such as salinomycin, lasolacid and anti-coccidial vaccine. A total of 324, day-old broiler chicks were reared under standard management practices. The chicks were randomly divided into nine groups with each group consisting of 36 birds. Body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio, intestine lesion score, oocyst per gram feces and European Performance Efficiency Factor (EPEF) of all experimental group birds were measured. All the chicks except Group 1 were inoculated orally with the total of 20,000 live sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species on 18th day of age. The overall performance such as Body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio and European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) of Group 5 (ZeeCox® 0.5g/kg treatment and Challenged) was better and comparable with Group 3 (Salinomycin treatment and Challenged) and Group 4 (Salinomycin & Lasalocid treatment and Challenged). It was concluded from the present study that ZeeCox® at 0.5g/kg of feed could be a potential alternative to the ionophore anticoccidial drugs used in the control of coccidiosis in broiler chicken.
“My Heart’s Indian for All That”: Bollywood Film between Home and Diaspora
Authors: Alessandrini Anthony C.
Published: March 2021

In the spring of 1995, I had just begun to work on issues having to do with the global reception of Indian popular film.2 I was particularly interested in the consumption of Bollywood films in South Asian diasporic communities and was doing some preliminary research in Iselin, a small town in central New Jersey, with a large and thriving “Little India” neighborhood. Since I was also interested in the changes taking place in the Indian popular film industry itself, I had been following the case of Mani Ratnam’s film Bombay, which had been released earlier that year, in Tamil and Hindi, to a mix of acclaim and controversy in India. Because the film deals with the communal violence that gave rise to rioting that shook Bombay in 1992 and 1993, some authorities were concerned that screening the film in areas experiencing communal tensions might lead to more violence. Consequently, the film had been temporarily banned in several parts of India, including Hyderabad and Karnataka and, as of April 1995, had not yet been screened in Bombay itself (Niranjana, “Banning Bombayi” 1291–2). But at a party that spring, I found myself discussing the film with a colleague who had come from Bombay to study comparative literature at Rutgers. Bombay was quite an interesting film, she assured me, and I should watch it as part of my research. I must have looked puzzled, for she then added, “We found a copy on video in Iselin last week.”
“Only Palestine Is Real”: Virtual Counterpoints in Yasmine Zahran’s A Beggar at Damascus Gate
Authors: Al-Nakib Mai
Published: March 2021

The epigraph to Palestinian writer Yasmine Zahran’s first novel in English, A Beggar at Damascus Gate (1995), reads, “All characters in this book are ficticious [sic], only Palestine is real” (vii). As Zahran’s novel unfolds, we begin to realize that this apparently straightforward epigraph is more ambiguous than it seems. The epigraph suggests that Palestine will be a character among others in the novel, the only one singled out as “real.” If this is so, however, is it not inevitable that parts of Palestine will be imagined, conjured up in words, like the other characters? The epigraph implicitly asserts this even as it attempts to claim an exception for Palestine. Zahran’s epigraph might have read: “This is a work of fiction; only Palestine is real.” That it does not do so suggests that the opposition between fiction and reality may be precisely what Zahran’s text will attempt to unravel.
Internet, Place, and Public Sphere in Diaspora Communities
Authors: Parham Angel Adams
Published: March 2021

Early on, as researchers began to pay attention to diaspora communities’ use of the Internet, Arjun Appadurai predicted that the use of this new medium would have a significant impact on community making in dispersal: These new forms of electronically mediated communication are beginning to create virtual neighborhoods, no longer bounded by territory, passports, taxes, elections, and other conventional political diacritics […] and while the social morphology of these electronic neighborhoods is hard to classify and their longevity difficult to predict, clearly they are communities of some sort. (195) Appadurai was especially interested in the use of media to create “diasporic public spheres” that enable diaspora communities to “imagine” themselves in new ways as part of a linked community even as their members live in geographic dispersal. The creation of such mediated public spheres enables participants to “mov[e] from shared imagination to collective action” (8).
“Whatsupoch” on the Net: The Role of Information and Communication Technology in the Shaping of Transnational Ethiopian Identity
Authors: Hafkin Nancy J.
Published: March 2021

The Ethiopian diaspora is using the Internet increasingly to reflect on its identity, to forge new communities, and to promote cultural innovation. This essay tracks the close association of information and communication technologies (ICTs) with the emergence of the Ethiopian diaspora since 1980, setting forth a series of brief case studies illustrating the role of ICTs among different Ethiopian ethnic communities. It documents the manner in which ICTs shape socialization and address questions of return to homeland; it also explores the way in which Ethiopians have exploited new media and their technical innovations. The essay concludes with an account of ways in which freedom of expression and access to technology enable diaspora Ethiopians to have public discussions and circulate critiques of Ethiopian politics and culture that could not have taken place in Ethiopia, which is not only at the bottom of the digital divide but has exercised censorship over a number of homeland Ethiopian Web sites and blogs. (16 January 2009)
Ethiopian Musical Invention in Diaspora: A Tale of Three Musicians
Authors: Shelemay Kay Kaufman
Published: March 2021

This essay, based on ethnographic interviews and observation, discusses the lives and careers of three prominent Ethiopian musicians from sacred, folkloric, and popular musical domains (Moges Seyoum, Tesfaye Lemma, and Mulatu Astatke, respectively) whose individual initiatives have shaped the musical life of the Ethiopian diaspora during its formative years in the United States. These three careers provide an overview of musical activity within the Ethiopian American diaspora community since its inception and shed light on concepts of creativity as conceived both in the Ethiopian homeland and among the immigrant musicians profiled. The conclusion suggests that the ability of each man to negotiate the transition to diaspora life varied according to the musical domain in which he was engaged, his personal background, and the moment and circumstances of his arrival in the United States. (January 2009)
Sәdät, Migration, and Refugeeism as Portrayed in Ethiopian Song Lyrics
Authors: Getahun Solomon Addis
Published: March 2021

This essay explores the history of the concepts of sәdät (migration) and sәdätäññannät (refugeeism), tracking the changing Ethiopian perspectives on separation from homeland as conceived and conveyed through song lyrics. After detailing traditional Ethiopian notions of sәdätäññannät, the author surveys song lyrics about Ethiopians living abroad, first in military service in Libya (1911–1930) and in Korea and Japan (1950s), then for educational purposes in Europe and the United States (1945–1974). In contrast to either silence or negativity about sәdätäññannät in songs about these earlier periods, lyrics dating from after the emergence of the Ethiopian diaspora (1974–present) invoke the concept as an integral part of Ethiopian life, moving it from a term of shame to a desirable status with connotations of success and initiative. (5 April 2009)
Indian Ocean Cosmopolitanism?: M.G. Vassanji’s Hybrid Parables of Kenyan Nationalism
Authors: Myambo Melissa Tandiwe
Published: March 2021

This article examines the relationship between cosmopolitanism, nationalism, and hybridity in contemporary theory and the fiction of M.G. Vassanji about the Indian diaspora in east Africa. The interregional space of the Indian Ocean has been posited as a historical site of multicultural hybridity, a precursor to globalization, and a productively theoretical example of contemporary postcolonial cosmopolitanism. Investigating these ideas more closely, I look specifically at the case of modern-day Kenyans of Indian descent and how they fare in the postcolonial nation, particularly in their positioning as “hybrid” middlemen. Engaging with some of the dominant theories regarding the relationship between cosmopolitanism and nationalism—with a particular emphasis on the place of hybridity within these theories, which pivotally divides nationalism from cosmopolitanism—I use Vassanji’s work to interrogate commonly held theoretical assumptions.
Ethnic Return Migrations—(Are Not Quite)—Diasporic Homecomings
Authors: Markowitz Fran
Published: March 2021

In February 2004, in preparation for the publication of our co-edited volume, Homecomings: Unsettling Paths of Return, Anders H. Stefansson conducted a search of book titles on Amazon.com. That search revealed 7,575 titles under the subject heading of “immigration/emigration.” Of these, a mere 157, or 2%, reappeared in the “return migration” category. Some five years later, I replicated that search. This time, 19,700 titles were listed under immigration/emigration, and 20% (4,027) of these turned up as publications about return migration. By the first decade of the twenty-first century, from an under-researched curious footnote, return migration has transmogrified into a “clearly recognized . . . significant global phenomenon” (Brettell 2006, 989). Anthropologists and sociologists, storytellers, statisticians, economists, and political analysts have delved into, and are researching and writing about the return of diasporic people(s) to their ancestral homelands.
Why We Come Back to Diasporas: Heterogeneous Groups and the Persistent Dream of Political Action
Authors: Winland Daphne
Published: March 2021

An uneven scholarly terrain marked by shifts in meaning, emphasis, and scope typifies the current scholarship on diaspora, due in part to multiple intersections with debates on national identity, migration, citizenship, and related contemporary iterations of modernity. Diaspora has thus in some ways become a victim of its own success. The ubiquitous, sometimes clumsy and politically loaded use of the term—Tölölyan (1996, 8) has referred to it as too “capacious,” to the point of being “promiscuous”—has not discouraged scholars, governments, civil society organizations, artists, and even bloggers from using diaspora as a preferred and meaningful category of analysis.
Privileging the Diaspora in Mauritius: Making World Heritage for a Multicultural Nation
Authors: Swift Candice Lowe
Published: March 2021

This essay contributes to the discourse on diaspora by describing the emergence of a diasporic identification, specifically the emergence of Aapravasi Ghat as the designated heritage site of the Indian diaspora in Mauritius and on UNESCO’s World Heritage List (WHL). As with many moments of transition, its emergence provided an opportunity to examine how diasporic heritage is generated and operates as a project, reminding us that all “identities” are processes in motion rather than static or substantive entities. I argue that while Aapravasi Ghat is inscribed on UNESCO’s WHL as a transnational symbol of the Indian diaspora, it functions as a particular expression of a (contested) political vision of Mauritian nationalism, one that contrasts expressions of nationalism that emphasize mixed identities, entanglement, or common residence. Ultimately, I suggest that diaspora is a primary modality for distinguishing Mauritian citizens and for articulating national citizenship. Moreover, the uses of diaspora bear a striking resemblance to nationalisms that contribute to primordial senses of identity and that encourage loyalty and belonging to a single place.
Redefining Diaspora through a Phenomenology of Postmemory
Authors: Kim Sandra So Hee Chi
Published: March 2021

This article seeks to intervene in the debates about the definition of diaspora by attending to the way in which it is a phenomenon, rooted in a particular kind of experience and consciousness. This approach seeks to move beyond ontological definitions based on categorical criteria toward a more phenomenological definition that can help us better understand the lived experience of diasporic subjects and the formation of diasporic communities. While these groups do not exist as entities that have some common essence or nature, I insist that they do exist phenomonologically. Rather than an objective, prescriptive definition of diaspora, this essay explores the subjective, descriptive quality of diaspora when approached from the inside, as an experience. A phenomenological approach, therefore, can rescue the term diaspora from its over-extensions and case-specific limitations. A key consideration will be the role of memory in creating the phenomenon of diaspora. Diaspora must be understood as a phenomenon that emerges when displaced subjects who experience the loss of an “origin” (whether literal or symbolic) perpetuate identifications associated with those places of origin in subsequent generations through the mechanisms of postmemory.
Repatriation to a Totalitarian Homeland: The Ambiguous Alterity of Russian Repatriates from China to the USSR
Authors: Manchester Laurie
Published: March 2021

In the 1950s, approximately 100,000 Russians repatriated to the Soviet Union from China. It was the largest repatriation ever of Russians born abroad. Many were the children of those who fled Russia following the defeat of the White Army in the Civil War. These voluntary repatriates were not persecuted upon repatriation, unlike smaller waves of voluntary and involuntary repatriates from China in 1935 and 1945–1948. During the Soviet period, no articles were published about them in the Soviet press; officially, they did not exist. Once the Soviet Union collapsed, they formed associations and began publishing newsletters. On the basis of hundreds of contemporaneous autobiographies in these newsletters, oral histories, and other memoirs, this article argues that repatriates born in China see themselves as distinct from Russians born and raised in the Soviet Union. Their collective identity—which verges on defining themselves as a new ethnicity—demonstrates how a diaspora within its own historic homeland, without a state to back them, and without an intellectual elite to lead them, can craft its own identity even after being silenced by almost half a century of state censorship. Yet repatriates do not believe that they will stay distinct from local Russians forever; they see themselves on a mission to convert local Russians into the “true” Russians, imbued with prerevolutionary values and traditions, that they see themselves as embodying. The article focuses on their explanations for why they repatriated, their recollection of their initial arrival in the Soviet Union, their sense of otherness from local Russians, their concept of homeland, and their mission. Retrospective sources, including Communist Party reports, diaries, and letters, are employed to gauge the extent to which the passage of time has shaped repatriates’ memories. Lastly, the experience of Russian repatriates from China are contrasted to those of repatriates of various nationalities to other historic homelands and of other nationalities to the Soviet Union.
The Whole Field of Postcolonial Literature
Authors: Marx John
Published: March 2021

Neil Lazarus describes a field of postcolonial literature that is both too big and too small. Too big, in that this “vast and hitherto unevenly and indifferently theorized corpus” contains too many works published in too many places and circulating in too many ways to be neatly summed up (35). The field is too small, however, in that few postcolonial works actually garner anything like meaningful scholarly attention. Saying he is “tempted to overstate the case,” Lazarus declares “that there is in a strict sense only one author in the postcolonial literary canon. That author is Salman Rushdie, whose novels—especially Midnight’s Children, Shame, and The Satanic Verses—are endlessly, not to say catechistically, cited in the critical literature” (22). The point remains even if one is inclined to supplement this canon with another likely suspect or two—J.M. Coetzee, say, or Arundhati Roy.
Armenians and Diasporas: A Breakthrough Book
Authors: Wills John E.
Published: March 2021

The variety of historical situations discussed as “diasporas” is very great. If we find some common features of, say, the Jewish and Armenian diasporas, we may find fewer between them and the Chinese, the Indians, the Lebanese, and even fewer with the case many would say is the most important in world history, the completely involuntary diaspora of millions of Africans sent to the Americas. Complications multiply if we ask diaspora-studies questions about the great nineteenth-century migrations to the Americas, Australia, and so on, noticing the Irish fleeing famine, encountering prejudice in the US, and staying involved in the violent politics of their homeland; go on to the great flows in so many directions after 1945; or just ask a taxi driver in London, Toronto, or Washington, DC, about the politics of his homeland.
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Globalization: Nationalism, Meet Religion
Authors: Berkowitz Michael
Published: March 2021

For nearly a century scholars have recognized nationalism as a dominant force in the modern world. Among the early notable analyses was that of Carlton J.H. Hayes, who begins by asserting: “The most significant emotional factor in public life today is nationalism. Of the current age it is the mark at once intense and universal” (Hayes 1933, 1). Is it dormant anywhere in the second decade of the twenty-first century? There is, understandably, a glut of theoretical, comparative, and synthetic treatments of nationalism from a number of disciplines. Furthermore, the historiography on nationalism for nearly every conceivable ethnic-national entity, past and present, and their subgroups and transformations is mind-boggling. The brief bibliographies following each of the chapters in The Call of the Homeland, alone, as a guide to this plethora of material, would justify its purchase for each and every library. (There will be further remarks concerning the cost of this book, as it pertains to its potential audience and impact.)
The Notion of Creolization: An Attempt at Theoretical Clarification
Authors: Chivallon Christine
Published: March 2021

In this article, I hope to show how the general idea of “creolization” extends to some very different meanings, in spite of its apparent semantic consistency, often involving the ideas of intermixing and blending. Starting with a review of various texts which have given different interpretations of the term creolization, I shall identify four major fields of meaning. Those fields are defined by the way in which the authors envisage creolization in relation to two pairs of notions. The first pairing sets the cultural process against the cultural product, while the second concerns temporality, with creolization either seen as an “original” (or starting) phenomenon or as constantly moving (or becoming). The ideas which have been forged out of the perception of these pairings “divide up” knowledge of creolization across well-characterized regions, regions which this work will try to describe. In doing so, it will be a question of looking at the notion of diaspora that these different meanings involve. This article will conclude with some thoughts questioning the universality of the creolization phenomenon and suggesting that it remains dependent upon historical contexts.
Dark Arts and Diaspora
Authors: Khan Aisha
Published: March 2021

Exploring the relationship between diaspora and creolization, this article analyzes their shared theoretical foundation in the concept of community. With the premise that empirical evidence of social behavior is both a problematic and a necessity in understanding processes of diaspora and creolization, the article takes as its case in point a cultural phenomenon commonly known in the Atlantic World as obeah: magical practices using supernatural powers. Deriving largely from West and Central African religious traditions, but also from European and South Asian sources, obeah is consummately creole. It is found in various forms in virtually all Caribbean diasporas in North America and in other diaspora destinations such as the United Kingdom. Obeah’s fraught and complex four centuries of colonial history has rendered it as bane and succor at the same time, both embraced and denied by dominant as well as subaltern peoples. These qualities of ambivalence and ambiguity raise probing questions about the creation and role of “community” in producing diasporic identities and the transformational, creolized cultures they carry. The article will discuss obeah’s Caribbean slave plantation past and its diasporic present, asking how obeah, a creolelized, simultaneously inclusive and divisive phenomenon, figures in the formation of community and thus in defining and interpreting diaspora.
We Are All Administrators Now: Contemporary Governmentality and Its Novel Genealogies
Authors: Babcock David
Published: March 2021

This article reviews John Marx’s Geopolitics and the Anglophone Novel, 1890-2011, a study of how the novel has sought to intervene in global administration over the long twentieth century. Adopting a genealogical approach, Marx aims to identify the discursive conditions through which literature came to have something to say about global governance. The anglophone novel, he argues, has evolved in conversation with a sociological discourse of professionalized governmentality that took root in the age of imperial British liberalism and reinvented itself through successive stages of post-World War II globalization. For instance, Marx’s chapter on failed-state fiction shows how certain novels engage with competing professional knowledge about states in crisis in order to reassess who is truly qualified to administer in those zones—including those who do not fit traditional, class-based notions of “professionalism.” In this and other chapters, Marx attempts to tease out the positive political potentials that emerge from the novelistic engagement with these complex discursive systems. Ultimately, he offers a measured optimism for a reinvented liberalism in our present moment, one that is needed to contest neoliberalism’s claim to be the sole heir to liberal ideas. Novels, he concludes, can indeed work incrementally in collaboration with social sciences to set new agendas and frameworks for global governance. Overall, Marx’s book offers a fresh perspective for theorizing literary agency on a global scale, while simultaneously revealing the need for a more thoroughgoing analysis of interdisciplinary exchange within governmentality.
Relocation as Positive Act: The Immigrant Experience in Bharati Mukherjee’s Novels
Authors: Wickramagamage Carmen
Published: March 2021

To define immigration as the activity of “coming to settle in a country that is not one’s own” (Oxford English Dictionary) is to invoke its opposite: the existence of, and departure from, a country that is one’s own. Such a definition of transnational migration suggests that in crossing borders at national check points an immigrant exchanges more than passports and citizenships; underlying the bureaucratic process that equates legitimate immigration with the possession of valid visas and authentic documents there is another vision of cross-border movement, in undertaking which the immigrant signifies a willingness to exchange the security that comes from living within the boundaries of a territory whose cultural geography is known for the uncertainty of life in a territory whose sociopolitical and cultural contours must be learned.
Translating Tibet’s Cultural Dispersion: Solzhenitsyn, Paine, and Orwell in Dharamsala
Authors: Venturino Steven
Published: March 2021

In the closing years of the 1940s, the Tibetan government formed a trade delegation that traveled to India, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The new delegation intended, among other things, to renegotiate existing trade relations with India, improve access to foreign currencies such as the American dollar and British pound, and open formal relations with a world community largely uninformed of Tibet’s political existence. Delegation members carried Tibetan passports, which were recognized by all of the countries visited (Shakabpa 294-95).
Mediterranean Topographies before Balkanization: On Greek Diaspora, Emporion, and Revolution
Authors: Leontis Artemis
Published: March 2021

I place my work under the rubric of spatial studies: an investigation of how people inhabit their world. The corner of the world I examine is the northeastern Mediterranean, a highly contested region that has brought into contact numerous peoples: Greek, Persian, and Roman in ancient times; Byzantine, Slavic, Arabic, Venetian, Frankish, Jewish, Armenian, and Ottoman in the late ancient to early modern period; and Greek, Turkish, Slavic, and Albanian in our own times. Literature is my point of entry into that world. Though it is unusual in spatial studies, an area of inquiry dominated by geography, architecture, environmental psychology, political theory, and anthropology, I find the literary approach quite useful. For literature has always occupied itself with topographia or topothesia, the “description” or “situation of place” (Curtius 200). Literature relies on historical and geographical spatiality to orient its readers and send them on its imaginative journey.
Profesyonel Turist Rehberlerinin Kaçak Rehberlik Faaliyetlerini Algılamalarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: ŞAHİN Büşra , KAYA Sena , CESUR Sevilay , ÖZKUL Emrah , UCA Selda
Published: March 2021

Günümüzde turist rehberliği, turizm endüstrisinin vazgeçilmez dinamiklerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Özellikle turizm faaliyetlerinin artış gösterdiği son yıllarda Türkiye’ye gelen ziyaretçi sayılarındaki artışın sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanmasında turist rehberlerinin önemli rolleri bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada, “Turist Rehberliği Birliği” bünyesinde görev yapmakta olan profesyonel turist rehberlerinin kaçak rehberlik faaliyetlerine karşı düşüncelerinin ve algılamalarının ne yönde olduğu tespit edilerek çözüm önerileri geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği yirmi üç turist rehberinden e-posta yolu ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, profesyonel turist rehberlerinin, mesleki açıdan (işsizlik, mesleki itibar) ve destinasyon açısından (yanlış tanıtım) olumsuz etkilendikleri tespit edilmiştir. Kaçak rehberlik faaliyetlerinin son bulmamasının sebebi olarak denetimlerin azlığı katılımcılar tarafından vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda ayrıca kaçak rehberlik faaliyetlerinin önüne geçilmesi adına çözüm önerilerine yer verilmiştir.
Eğitim Örgütlerinde Pozitif Psikolojik Sermaye, Birey-Örgüt Uyumu ve Örgütsel Yabancılaşma Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ŞENTÜRK İlknur , SEÇİLMİŞ Gülcan
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; öğretmenlerin örgütsel yabancılaşma, birey-örgüt uyumu ve pozitif psikolojik sermaye algı düzeylerin tespit etmek, bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamak ve araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre örgütsel yabancılaşma sorununa ilişkin çözüm önerileri getirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öğretmenlerin örgütsel yabancılaşma, birey-örgüt uyumu ile pozitif psikolojik sermaye algıları arasındaki yapısal ilişkileri açıklayan bir model oluşturulmuş ve modeli test etmek için Eskişehir Tepebaşı ilçesi devlet okullarında görev yapan 456 öğretmenden anket yoluyla veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda pozitif psikolojik sermaye alt boyutları ile birey-örgüt uyumunun, örgütsel yabancılaşmayı etkileyen anlamlı bir etken olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca birey-örgüt uyumunun pozitif psikolojik sermaye ile yabancılaşma arasında aracılık etkisi de saptanmıştır. Öğretmenlerin örgüte uyumlarının sağlanması ve öz yeterlilik algılarının yükseltilmesi ile davranış değişikliklerin ortaya çıkacağı ve yabancılaşmanın azalacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin psikolojik sermaye algıları arasında en düşük katılım puanı alan boyut iyimserliktir. Bu algı birçok sebepten kaynaklı olabilir. Ancak eğitim sistemindeki sorunlara yönelik iyileşmelere gidilmesi, iyimser düşünme biçimini geliştirecektir.
Örgüt İçi İletişimin Örgütsel Bağlılığa Etkisi: Türkiye’deki Bankacılık Sektörü Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÖKSÜZ Esra , ULAĞLI Serhat
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki bankacılık sektöründe algılanan iletişim şeklinin örgütsel bağlılığa etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve toplam 384 banka çalışanı bu çalışmaya katılmıştır. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki Türk bankacılık sektöründe iletişim orta derecede “iyi” olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu durum çalışanlar tarafından belirtilen iletişim derecesinin yeterince sağlıklı olmadığını ve bu anlamda gelişime açık olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu anlamda inceleme altındaki bankacılık sektöründe var olan iletişimin toksik iletişime açık bir seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları örgütsel bağlılık seviyesinin ise orta derecenin altında gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymuştur. Korelasyon analizleri iletişim ve örgütsel bağlılık arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğunu işaret etmiş olsa da regresyon analiz sonucunda bankacılık sektöründeki örgüt içi iletişimin devam bağlılığını ve normatif bağlılığı negatif yönlü etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum sektörde var olan örgüt içi iletişimin, sağlıklı bir iletişim olmadığını ve literatürde belirtildiği üzere sağlıklı iletişimin örgütsel bağlılığı pozitif yönlü etkilemesi beklenirken, bu sağlıksız iletişim durumunun örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde negatif bir etki yarattığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Kamu Kurumlarında Yapısal Güçlendirmenin Personelin Örgütsel Özdeşleşme ve Yaşam Doyumu Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: SEÇTİM Hafize , ERKUL Hüseyin
Published: March 2021

Yapısal güçlendirme, personelin kararlara katılımını, iş birliğini teşvik eden, onlara geliştirme fırsatı, destek, kaynak ve bilgi paylaşımının sağlandığı ortam oluşturarak, bilişsel ve duyuşsal olarak güçlendirilmelerini amaçlayan bir yönetim tekniğidir. Araştırmanın konusunu kamu kurumlarında yapısal güçlendirmenin bireysel ve örgütsel etkileri oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda kamu kurumlarında yapısal güçlendirmenin personelin örgütsel özdeşleşme ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiş; elde edilen verilerle hem alanyazına bu model vasıtasıyla katkı sağlanması hem de yönetsel kapasitenin geliştirilmesinde kamu yönetimlerine öneri sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma betimsel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak yürütülmüş, araştırmanın verileri üniversite hastanelerinde görev yapan 538 sağlık personelinden anket tekniğiyle elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada korelasyon, regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş, araştırmanın hipotezleri yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile test edilmiştir. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre; yapısal güçlendirme ile örgütsel özdeşleşme ve yaşam doyumu arasında güçlü ilişkiler olduğu, yapısal güçlendirmenin personelin örgütsel özdeşleşme ve yaşam doyumunu olumlu yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır. Yapısal güçlendirmenin bir yönetim tekniği olarak bireysel ve örgütsel başarı elde edilmesinde önemli bir araç olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.