bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINGUISTIC MEANS OF REPRESENTING THE IMAGE OF THE ENEMY IN THE IRANIAN MEDIA
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, FADIUSHINA I.E.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the use of the image of the enemy in the Iranian media in the modern period based on the texts of the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) devoted to the aggravation of the Iran-Israeli conflict in April 2024. As a result of the study, it was found that the image of the enemy is created due to a significant number of lexemes with a sharply negative evaluative connotation through the binary opposition “friend-or-foe”, as well as techniques of demonization and humiliation of the enemy.
GLOBALIZATION AND NATIONAL IDENTITY ON THE TERRITORY OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Authors:   Presov University, DANIEL H.
Published: January 2025

This article examines, on the one hand, the clash of narratives of the traditional nationalisms of the South Slavs (Serbian, Croatian...), and on the other hand, the narrative of globalization, on the territory of the living spaces of the nations of the former Yugoslavia. Since the national borders, unlike administrative (or state) borders, have never been identified, in the Balkans (and especially in Yugoslavia), one can observe not only the clash of nationalisms and globalization, but also nationalisms with each other, and in some time intervals, to one degree or another, nationalism was inferior to more or less radical chauvinism, the results of which could be observed mainly during the civil war in Yugoslavia.
THE POLITICAL VALUES OF THE GLOBALIST PROPAGANDA DISCOURSE
Authors:   South Ural State University, DVOINENKO M.O.
Published: January 2025

The process of globalization in the modern world has acquired, in addition to the economic, a cultural dimension. In the context of cultural globalization, political propaganda plays an integral role in modern political communication, it is a way for political actors to convey their interpretation of reality and influence the public masses. The influence of globalist-type propaganda mainly occurs within the framework of left-liberal political discourse. Such a discourse forms stable discursive constructs expressed in the plots of the “culture of abolition”, the struggle for all new political rights, historical justice, etc., which is expressed in the formation of the subjectivity of these phenomena in the political and social space. Against this background, political resources are accumulating to wage an information war for values on the world stage.
LEARNING THE FACTS OF CULTURES FROM THE STANDPOINT OF CONTRASTIVE CULTURAL STUDIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN CULTURES)
Authors:   Southern Federal University, BOEVA-OMELECHKO N.B
Published: January 2025

The relevance of this article is due to the emergence of such new field of research as contrastive cultural studies which focuses on cultural differences reflected in the speech and non-speech behavior of cultural speakers. The article substantiates the position on the expediency of using contrastive cross-cultural analysis for comparing different cultures as well as variants of the same culture. Based on the typological and charac-terological approach to the study of cultures, the author of the article identifies cultural oppositions within the framework of the parameter “attitude to other people”, which allows us to show the differences between two variants of Anglo-Saxon culture: British and American.
CONFESSION AS A CONSTANT SPIRITUAL AND CREATIVE FRAMEWORK OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY AND CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE: THE UNIQUENESS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE LANGUAGE CODE
Authors:   Kuban State University, BUYANOVA L.YU.
Published: January 2025

N the 21st century, multi-vector processes of globalization are intensifying but during the same period, each national culture is trying to protect its system of spiritual and moral values. This protection is carried out by strengthening the original confessional culture of a particular nation, by a more strict observation of all established commandments and moral norms recorded in the Sacred Books and Scriptures for a particular confession, and consists of an uncompromising struggle for upholding and preserving the system of spiritual values formed in a given community as constants of people's life. The concept of national identity is inextricably linked with the concept of confession, which largely determines not only the specifics of the spiritual and ideological understanding of existence, but even the form and content of the social structure of a particular society, its structure and the legal, cultural and economic foundations of life.
ANCIENT RITUALS AND RITES OF THE ALTAI PEOPLE: THEIR ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors:   Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, VOLKOVA E.A
Published: January 2025

The research is devoted to the study of ancient rituals and ceremonies of the Altai peoples and their influence on the formation of the cultural heritage of the ethnos. Various aspects of rituals are analyzed: from symbolism in the local ritual tradition to the socio-cultural significance of rituals in the modern world. Particular attention is paid to the historical and philosophical context of rituals, and an attempt is made to trace their evolutionary development and understanding in modern society. The unique features and values of Altai culture, which, among other things, consist in preserving the ancient ritual tradition, are outlined.
RELIGIOSITY AND RELIGIOUS REVOLUTIONS
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, KONYUCHENKO A.I.
Published: January 2025

Religiosity is understood as a social quality of a group of people, determined, first of all, by their worldview. The stages of religiosity in the history of mankind are considered in a rectangular coordinate system with perpendicular axes. In general terms, this can be thought of as a wavy curved line with vertical oscillations, expressing a decrease and an increase in religiosity, which can fluctuate and change over a relatively short period of time quite significantly. The first religious revolution in the history of mankind in the Mediterranean region was the coming, establishment, and spread of Christianity. The second is the emergence of a new world religion. In Russia, there were three radical changes in the spiritual life of society: the advent of Christianity in place of Slavic polytheism; the attempt of an atheist state to destroy all religions; the return of the religious palette to the post-Soviet period.
FOSTERING PATRIOTISM IN BASHKIR LITERATURE
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, AKHMEDYANOVA A.H. , YAUBASAROVA A. R. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla
Published: January 2025

In this article, the authors address the problem of fostering patriotism in the modern personality of the younger generation. They make an important emphasis on the fact that patriotic feelings in a person are formed on the basis of native literature, studying which, we should correctly analyze the behavior and actions of heroes, and learn to accept only their best qualities. The article presents Bashkir stories, which reveal the main pedagogical aspects of fostering patriotism, defining in this direction the role of the family in the upbringing of a worthy citizen of their Fatherland. It is the patriotic education that is the basis for the formation of reading and civic literacy in the personality of the younger generation.
THE DUAL LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES OF CHINESE AND RUSSIAN TOPONYMS
Authors:   Shenyang Normal University, YANG CH.
Published: January 2025

Toponyms are the products of the process of human social development and have the characteristics of nationality, positioning, directivity, regionality, stability, historicity, and epoch. China and Russia have a vast territory, a long history, many ethnic groups and diverse languages, thus, forming a rich treasure of place names. This paper analyzes phonology, grammar, and word formation, reveals the commonalities and differences between toponyms of the two countries at the linguistic level, and further discusses the national cultural attributes contained in them. Because of the deep connotation and wide extension of toponyms, it can be called an encyclopedia of national and ethnic history, and culture.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT ISPA PADA BALITA
Authors: Darmawan Agus , Andriani Rina , Azis Waode Azfari , Andriani Rininta
Published: January 2025

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada balita, dengan risiko yang meningkat akibat rendahnya pengetahuan orang tua dan kebiasaan merokok. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan orang tua dan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wamolo, Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional pada 70 balita yang dipilih dengan metode simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan catatan kesehatan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dengan taraf signifikansi 95% (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan kejadian ISPA (p=0,002; OR=0,15; CI 95%: 0,048–0,474) serta antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian ISPA (p=0,037; OR=3,82; CI 95%: 1,20–12,13). Anak dari keluarga perokok memiliki risiko 3,82 kali lebih tinggi mengalami ISPA dibandingkan anak dari keluarga tanpa kebiasaan merokok. Pengetahuan orang tua dan kebiasaan merokok memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Intervensi edukasi dan pengendalian kebiasaan merokok diperlukan untuk menurunkan prevalensi ISPA.
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are one of the leading causes of death among toddlers, with risks exacerbated by low parental knowledge and smoking habits. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parental knowledge and smoking habits with the incidence of ARI among toddlers in the working area of Wamolo Health Center, Central Buton Regency. The study employed a cross-sectional design involving 70 toddlers selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and health records and analyzed using chi-square tests at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge and ARI incidence (p=0.002; OR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.048–0.474) as well as between smoking habits and ARI incidence (p=0.037; OR=3.82; 95% CI: 1.20–12.13). Children from smoking households were 3.82 times more likely to develop ARI compared to children from non-smoking households. Parental knowledge and smoking habits are significantly associated with ARI incidence among toddlers. Educational interventions and smoking habit control are needed to reduce ARI prevalence.
ANÁLISIS DE LA FALTA DE REGULACIÓN DE LA ALIENACIÓN PARENTAL Y VIOLENCIA VICARIA COMO PREVENCIÓN DE LA VIOLENCIA CONTRA LA NIÑEZ Y ADOLESCENCIA EN LA LEGISLACIÓN DE ECUADOR
Authors: Cabrera Santiago Vladimir , Moreira Aguire Diana Gabriela
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo de investigación es inédito, original y de vital importancia, puesto que luego de la separación o divorcio surgen nuevas formas de causar violencia contra las madres o niños, niñas y adolescentes. Estas son la alienación parental y violencia vicaria, en el primer caso el progenitor lava el cerebro al niño, niña, o adolescente con tal de desprestigiar al progenitor/a que no convive con él; y, en el segundo caso el padre utiliza a los hijos, para causar daño a la madre, llegando e incluso a quitarles la vida a su propia descendencia, siendo este tipo de violencia una de las más extremas (filicidio). Estos tipos de violencia perjudican a los niños, niñas o adolescentes en su libre desarrollo, el derecho de convivencia o relacionarse con el otro progenitor que no convive con él. En cuanto a la madre, causa violencia de género (psicológica), puesto que se utiliza a los seres que más aman en su vida para causar daño. Estas nuevas formas de violencias no se encuentran reguladas en la Ley Orgánica para Prevenir y Erradicar la Violencia contra las Mujeres, ni en el Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia, por ello se analizará el derecho comparado para demostrar que su regulación garantizará la no violencia tanto a madres como a hijos. Los métodos utilizados fueron el analítico, científico, hermenéutico y de derecho comparado. En cuanto a la metodología utilizada, es la de tipo no experimental, de nivel explicativo.
‘Sana All’: A Critical Discourse Analysis on its Popularity among Filipino Generation Z
Authors: Javellana Venus Faith Mika V. , Eustaquio Ma. Theresa L.
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to explore the meaning and purpose of the phrase Sana all from the perspective of Generation Z. Specifically, it sought to investigate how individuals across three gender identities perceive and use the phrase in everyday communication. Using a qualitative research design and Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, the study employed purposive sampling to select fifteen participants representing three gender identities, namely women, LGBT, and men, all of whom had knowledge and were users of the phrase. A Priori Code was used to come up with the interview questions, which served as the main instrument of the study. The audio recordings obtained from the interviews were transcribed verbatim and were subjected to cool and warm analyses. A warm analysis was conducted to categorize the key ideas and identify the final themes of the study. The transcription and the translation of the responses were validated by the researcher’s adviser. The findings revealed that for all three groups, the phrase was commonly associated with feelings of benign envy, which also served as a source of motivation. Additionally, Sana all was widely used by the Filipino Gen Zs, regardless of their gender orientation, as it has multiple roles in communication: it conveys concise information, it is easily understood, it minimizes the offensiveness of words, it promotes inclusivity by aligning with the current trends, it can conceal true feelings and intentions, and it acts as a barrier against negative connotations. As a linguistic tool, Sana all creates a sense of belongingness and effective communication among individuals of all gender orientations. The frequent use of the phrase reflects the ever-changing nature of language.
An Ecocritical Examination of Ghana’s National Policy for Combating Climate Change.
Authors: Akla Ali Dan
Published: January 2025

This paper considers ecocritical perspectives embedded in the National Climate Change Policy and its Framework (NCCPF & NCCP, 2013) of Ghana, titled “Ghana Goes for Green Growth.” The objective of this study is to closely analyze the texts of the National Climate Change Policy Framework and Policy to identify ecocritical elements within these documents and assess how they can be leveraged to promote sustainable approaches to climate adaptation and development. This policy document reflects Ghana’s commitment to sustainable development and climate resilience. The framework, which evolved into the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) in 2013, focuses on sustainability. Applying close reading and ecocriticism as theories, the study found out that, the title “Ghana Goes for Green Growth” is a unique approach to economic development that prioritizes sustainability, aligning with ecocritical perspectives that emphasize harmony between human progress and nature. Drawing on ecocritical theories from scholars like Cheryll Glotfelty, Lawrence Buell, and Timothy Morton, the policy shows Ghana’s responsibility as a national and global ecological steward. The policy acknowledges the interconnection between economic growth and environmental health and stresses the urgent need to integrate ecological considerations into national development strategies. The policy framework addresses five focal areas: Agricultural and Food Security, Natural Resource Management, Social Development, Energy, and Industrial and Infrastructural Development, each reflecting ecocritical concerns about sustainability. The policy’s contribution to “green growth is a step in the right direction, towards a broader discourse on sustainability” Through a close reading, the text critiques the tension between Ghana’s developmental ambitions and the ecological realities posed by climate change, highlighting the need for a balanced and sustainable approach to progress. By positioning ecological integrity at the core of its developmental agenda, this study discovered that the NCCP advocates for a paradigm shift where true development is both environmentally sustainable and equitable, ultimately redefining how progress is measured in Ghana and beyond.
Talent Management and Employee Retention
Authors: Qi Tan Hui , Norazman Irmawati , Abdull Rahman Rabeatul Husna , Abdul Wahab Shah Rollah
Published: January 2025

The research aims to examine the relationship between talent management and employee retention among employees in an information technology organization at Malaysia. The concern about dimensions such as employee recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, and career management of talent management are determined by whether they will have a connection with employee retention variable. The cross-sectional study was conducted by using quantitative analysis and a total of 108 samples out of 150 populations were identified. The study used non-probability sampling which is convenience sampling to collect the data from the respondents with respond rates was 72%. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 29 was utilized to analyze by using the descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed the level of talent management and employee retention of the respondents were at a high and moderate level respectively. Meanwhile talent management was moderately and positively significant towards employee retention despite the training and development dimension illustrated as non-significant. Therefore, the analysis of the key findings, discussion, limitations and suggestions for the organization and future research were delivered such as the HR strategies, providing rewards, career management planning, enlarging sample size across multiple organizations, supplement qualitative data as triangulation research, conduct longitudinal research to track the changes in employee retention and discovering moderator or mediator variables.
Understanding AI Implementation in Digital Advertising Among Retail SMEs in Malaysia
Authors: Nor Fauzi , Ibrahim Alisa , Ishar Nor Irvoni Mohd
Published: January 2025

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has significantly impacted multiple industries, including retail, where digital advertising plays a crucial role in corporate strategies. Despite the growing attention and financial commitment towards AI, there is a notable deficiency in existing research on the strategic planning and future adoption of AI-powered digital advertising in medium-sized retail Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to investigate the methods by which these organizations aim to incorporate AI into their digital advertising campaigns. It examines perceived advantages and identifies potential obstacles related to this integration. The framework is based on a thorough examination of existing literature and empirical research. Anticipated results will clarify the perceived benefits, such as greater client targeting, enhanced personalization, and increased operational efficiency. However, obstacles such as exorbitant expenses, intricate technology, and reluctance to adopt new methods may impede effective AI integration. Understanding these dynamics will provide useful insights for SMEs during the initial planning phase of integrating AI, assisting them in navigating complexities and promoting innovation to maintain competitiveness.
Utilization of Automation Studio Software to Enhance the Ability to Design Ladder Diagrams for 3-Phase Motor Control Systems
Authors: Endryansyah Endryansyah , Suprianto Bambang , Rusimamto Puput Wanarti , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Anifah Lilik
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the effectiveness of Automation Studio software in enhancing electrical engineering students’ ability to design ladder diagrams for three-phase motor control systems. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design, 30 students participated in a four-week training program. Data were collected through competency assessments focusing on basic knowledge, component analysis, problem-solving, and system design. The results revealed significant improvements across all areas: average scores increased from 54 to 92 in basic knowledge (70%), 52 to 78 in component analysis (51%), 52 to 80 in problem-solving (54%), and 33 to 80 in system design (143%). These findings demonstrate the software’s capacity to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, fostering critical thinking and technical proficiency. This research highlights the potential of simulation-based learning tools like Automation Studio to enhance engineering education, equipping students with industry-relevant skills and preparing them for complex technological challenges.
Development and Usability of “From Formulas to A+” SPM Mathematics Comprehensive Module among Upper Secondary School Students
Authors: Kumar Danesh Kumar Sures , Hui Foo Chuan
Published: January 2025

The research aims to develop and evaluate the validity and usability of the “From Formulas to A+” Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM) Mathematics Comprehensive Module, covering Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM), which is the Malaysian National Secondary School Standard Curriculum, Mathematics topics from Form 1 through Form 5. Targeted at Upper Secondary students, the module seeks to enhance their understanding of mathematics and support effective teaching and learning sessions. The study adopts a Developmental Research Design (DRD) and utilizes the ADDIE model as its instructional framework. The ADDIE model Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation systematically creates educational materials. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI), ensuring alignment with educational standards and objectives. Feedback from four experts with over five years of teaching experience confirmed the module’s content validity, achieving a perfect CVI score of 1.00. The research used structured questionnaires, including the Module Validity Questionnaire and Module Usability Questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted with 30 Form 4 students from a school in Pasir Gudang, Johor, selected through convenience sampling. The usability questionnaire achieved a high-reliability score, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.881. Usability results showed an overall mean score of 3.6406 across usefulness (3.6533), ease of use (3.6625), ease of learning (3.5222), and satisfaction (3.6571). These findings suggest that the module is highly usable and effective in supporting the learning of KSSM Mathematics topics. The study demonstrates that the “From Formulas to A+” module not only meets educational standards but also significantly fosters active learning. Its originality lies in the comprehensive coverage of the entire KSSM syllabus and its use of the ADDIE model for systematic instructional design, contributing valuable insights to mathematics education research.
EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA COMO BASE PARA A ORGANIZAÇÃO E PLANEJAMENTO EFICAZ DE HÁBITOS FINANCEIROS A LONGO PRAZO
Authors: Santos de Oliveira Amanda , Mariano de Andrade Carolina , Mendes Ijosiel , Alves de Oliveira Elimeire , Danúbia da Silva Suéllen , Henrique Barros Mainardi Fernando , Bertelli Francisco Gabaldi Pereira Jairo Antônio , Carolina Faria Catelan Melka
Published: January 2025

Diante das crescentes demandas do cenário econômico contemporâneo, a educação financeira tem se mostrado essencial para capacitar indivíduos a tomarem decisões mais conscientes sobre suas finanças. Este estudo visa compreender como a educação financeira pode servir de base para o planejamento e organização eficaz dos hábitos financeiros, promovendo estabilidade econômica a longo prazo. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, dividida em uma revisão teórica e uma pesquisa de campo. A revisão abordou conceitos e teorias de educação financeira, enquanto a pesquisa de campo utilizou questionários aplicados a habitantes de uma cidade do noroeste paulista e regiões vizinhas. As questões exploraram o perfil demográfico, o conhecimento financeiro e as práticas de planejamento dos respondentes. Os resultados apontaram que, apesar de muitos participantes reconhecerem a importância do planejamento financeiro, a maioria apresenta conhecimento básico e utiliza métodos tradicionais para controle de gastos, como cadernos e anotações manuais. Além disso, foi constatado que os respondentes que possuem maior familiaridade com a educação financeira apresentam práticas mais eficazes de controle financeiro. Conclui-se que a educação financeira desempenha um papel crucial na organização dos hábitos financeiros e que há uma necessidade de programas de conscientização para incentivar o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas no planejamento financeiro pessoal, promovendo maior estabilidade econômica e qualidade de vida.
Didactic Foundations of Ecologization of Chemical Education in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Malikkyzy Laura , Zhanbekov Khairulla
Published: January 2025

The study addresses the need to enhance the didactic foundations of university-level chemical education by incorporating ecological principles. Its purpose is to develop a model that fosters ecological thinking among students. The primary research method used is diagnostic analysis. The article introduces a model designed to instill environmental values in students. This model evaluates the impact of chemical disciplines on environmental factors such as air, water, soil, atmosphere, climate, and vegetation. It employs cognitive and informational criteria to analyze and model responses to questions about these interactions. This study addresses the need to enhance the ecological focus in chemical education at universities by developing a didactic model that fosters environmental thinking among students. The research aims to create a framework that integrates ecological values into chemical disciplines by examining their impact on natural components such as air, water, and soil. The diagnostic method was used to design and test the model, which emphasizes cognitive and informational criteria. Key findings demonstrate that this approach helps students understand the environmental implications of chemical processes, equipping them to apply this knowledge in their future professional activities. The results highlight practical strategies for integrating ecological awareness into higher education curricula.
Future elementary school teachers’ research culture formation employing individual assignments
Authors: Buribayev Dauren , Bakhtiyarova Gulshat , Tuxanbayev Assan
Published: January 2025

In the modern dynamic society, quality education and the development of children’s creative abilities are the merits of successful teachers. The modern teacher must have independent learning skills, high motivation and developed research culture skills for effective teaching. The research aims to test the impact of individual student activity – future elementary school teachers, on the development of their research culture. The study was conducted employing various methods, using questionnaires to study the ability of future elementary school teachers to apply creative approaches and conduct pedagogical research in practice. The research participants were 32 teachers with more than 5 years of experience, a PhD degree, and 348 students – future elementary school teachers. Studied the level of motivation as a predictor of the research culture of students adapted and conducted a survey on the questionnaire of creative teaching, as well as self-assessment of students in solving research problems. Before the experiment, most students had low levels of motivation to learn online and self-study, as well as the results of creative teaching in the future, self-evaluation of the possibility of solving research. The introduction of the experimental factor in the learning process – students’ performance of independent assignments for three academic semesters, built on a gradual introduction to research activities, expansion and affirmation of knowledge about the need to find scientific ways to build lessons and learning process in general, the features and process of pedagogical research, had a positive impact on student’s motivation to learn, self-assessment of task capability and creative teaching ability in the bud The final ResCul survey shows students’ knowledge of research culture sufficiently formed. The results obtained apply to students who are studying in the speciality “Pedagogy and Methodology of Elementary Education”.
Examining Itraconazole Gel’s Effectiveness in Treating Fungal Dermatological Condition
Authors: Ankita Sawant  , Prof. Nikhil Nikam  , Pratiksha Tupe  , Rutuja Pawer
Published: January 2025

Itraconazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat a variety of systemic and superficial fungal infections. While itraconazole is typically available in oral capsuleform, you can combine them to create a topical gel to treat fungal skin infections. This process involves extracting the active ingredientsfrom itraconazole capsules and incorporating them into a suitable gel base, such as a carbomer or hydroxyethyl cellulose -based formulation. The gel base is prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in an appropriate solvent, followed by careful mixing to ensure uniform distribution of itraconazole. Additional ingredients,such as preservatives and pH adjusters, may be added to enhance stability and self-life. The final gel formulation is packaged in airtight containers to protect it from degradation. Topical itraconazole gel provides a localized treatment for fungal infection on theskin, with the potential for improved drug delivery to affected areas. However, Healthcare practitioners should prescribe compounded itraconazole gels and assess their safety and effectiveness depending on patient-specific characteristics and the kind of infection.
Development Management Model of Teacher’s Global Competence and Complexity Leadership Based on the Merdeka Curriculum
Authors: Sari Eliana , Anindhita Wiratri , Mulyadi Muhammad , Purwoko Dwi , Madhakomala Madhakomala , Yatimah Durotul , Rismayanti Ade Imas
Published: January 2025

This study aims to produce: 1) A product of a global competency measurement instrument for senior high school teachers, 2) A product of a measurement instrument for the complexity of leadership of senior high school principals, and 3) A product of a global competency development model based on the complexity of leadership for senior high school teachers in DKI Jakarta, and 4) A product of a training module for developing global competencies for senior high school teachers in DKI Jakarta. The unit of analysis of this study was SMA Penggerak in DKI Jakarta, with respondents of SMA Penggerak Batch I teachers totaling 301 teachers taken by proportional random sampling. Measurement of teacher global competence was carried out by distributing questionnaire instruments compiled based on 3 (three) core elements of teacher global competence, namely: 1) Teacher disposition, 2) Teacher knowledge, and 3) Teacher skills (Tichnor-Wagner, et al, 2019). Meanwhile, measurement of complexity leadership was carried out by distributing questionnaire instruments compiled referring to 3 (three) components of complexity leadership, namely: 1) Administrative leadership, 2) Adaptive leadership, and 3) Enabling leadership (Uhl-Bien et al., 2009). This study uses the SEM model with data processing techniques using Wrap PLS. The results of the design of the complexity leadership and global competent teacher measurement instrument show a high level of validity and a perfect level of reliability, so it is very suitable for use in this study. The results of the complexity leadership hypothesis test on global competent teachers show that there is a significant influence. The results of measuring the complexity leadership dimensions on global competent teachers also show that each dimension has a significant influence, where the empowering leadership dimension has the most significant influence.
The Influence of Farmers' Income and Social Status on Children's Education
Authors: Emayanti Murni , Fauza Hendri , Perkasa Ripho Delzy
Published: January 2025

This study used a quantitative descriptive approach and involved 161 farmers. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation and tested for normality, homogeneity, linearity, multicollinearity, and hypothesis. The analysis results show that for the social status variable, the tcount value of 1.672 exceeds the ttable value of 1.655, which indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, which results in the approval of the null hypothesis (Ho). Multicollinearity and hypothesis. The analysis results show that for the social status variable, the tcount value of 1.672 exceeds the ttable value of 1.655, which indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, which results in the approval of the null hypothesis (Ho). Therefore, the null hypothesis is better than the alternative hypothesis. This suggests that Income does not significantly affect outcomes. The F test shows an equal influence of social status and Income on the observed variables with a significance value of 0.183. However, the calculated Fvalue (1.716) is lower than the Ftable (3.05), which indicates that the combined effect is not statistically significant. This finding indicates that, while Income has no significant impact on the variables under study, social status has a significant impact. This finding serves as a basis for improving policies that help farmers, especially regarding Income.
KEBIJAKAN PENDANAAN JANGKA PENDEK SEBAGAI MODERASI KINERJA USAHA MENENGAH
Authors: SYAMLAN ADIBA , Syafi'i Mochamad , Ulum Bustanul
Published: January 2025

Pendanaan jangka pendek merupakan jenis pendanaan yang menjadi peranan utama dalam kegiatan operasional suatu usaha terlebih lagi dalam kegiatan usaha menengah, dimana diketahui peranan akan pendanaan ini menjadi tulang punggung dalam kegiatan usaha, adapaun kebijakan usaha yang diimplementasikan dalam kegiatan usaha menjadi perhatian oleh peneliti, terlihat dengan jelas bahwa kegiatn usaha ini  dalah pilihan popular dikalangan masyarakat sekitar sehingga memicu ketertarikan untuk pelaksanaan penelitian dilokasi ini, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebijakan pendanaan jangka pendek yang diupayakan. Metode yang digunakan dalah metode campuran yaitu perpaduan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan total sampel sebanyak 99 responden. Dengan hasil yang bahwa kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh kegiatan usaha ini terpusat pada pendanaan internal yang kuat yang dinilai sebagai kebijakan yang diberlakukan. Kesimpulan yang dapat diutarakan adalah kebijakan ini dinilai efektif dan efisien dalam mengoptimalkan kegiatan usaha, Adapun saran yaitu mulai mengarah pada peranan Lembaga keuangan dalam hal investasi di aspek sekuritas
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN ASET DAN INTEREST INCOME TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Retnaningdiah Dian , Melan Melan
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background: The growth of the economic sector is intricately linked to the crucial function of financial institutions. A bank is a type of financial entity that operates within the banking sector. Banks serve the purpose of collecting funds through savings, deposits, and current accounts, and then distributing those amounts through credit or loans. Banks exert a significant impact on economic development.
Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the impact of asset growth and interest income on profitability.
Method: This study was a quantitative study that used an associative technique to assess variables partially and concurrently within the population of Bank BTN listed on the IDX from 2019 to 2023. The sampling process employed non- probability sampling approaches, specifically the purposive sampling method.
Result: The findings indicate that asset growth (X1) does not have significant effects on profitability (Y), however interest income (X2) has a significant impact on profitability (Y). Additionally, there is no simultaneous effect of asset growth (X1) and interest income (X2) on profitability (Y).
Conclusion: The results of this study can be concluded 1. Asset growth (X1) does not have a partial effect on profitability (Y) 2. Interest income (X2) has a significant partial effect on profitability (Y) 3. Asset growth (X1) and interest income (X2) do not have a simultaneous effect on profitability (Y).
 
Keywords: Asset Growth, Interest Income, Profitability
Features of accumulation of heavy metals by wheat in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Samara Trans-Volga region
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Prokhorova Natalia , Trots Natalia ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Gogmachadze Guladi ,   AgroEcoInfo
Published: January 2025

The article offers an analysis of the accumulation of heavy metals on grain crops when assessing the level of contamination of chernozem soils of the Samara Trans–Volga region with Cd, Rb, Zn, Cu, Co, Mp elements based on the study of their translocation in the soil-plant system. The revealed patterns allow us to assert that the accumulation of heavy metals in the phytomass of winter wheat is significantly influenced by agroecological growing conditions. The total accumulation of heavy metals during cultivation in the Northern agroecological zone is 1.2-1.5 times higher than in the Central and Southern zones.

Keywords: POLLUTANTS, FILTRATION FIELDS, LOCAL TREATMENT, WASTEWATER, PROBIOTIC DRUG
O IMPACTO DO MÉTODO DE RESOLUÇÃO DAS EQUAÇÕES DE TERCEIRO GRAU NA HISTÓRIA DA ÁLGEBRA
Authors: Padovani Metzker Renan
Published: January 2025

The objective of this article is to study the development of methods for solving third-degree equations, from ancient civilizations to the discovery of the algebraic resolution method consolidated during the Renaissance period. Each attempt at resolution was essential, as it enabled advancements in the development of Algebra. Additionally, this study will address the consequences and new discoveries brought by this method to the history of mathematics, such as the emergence of complex numbers and the development of Galois Theory. Finally, this study will discuss the feasibility of applying this method in high school education, evaluating its potential and pedagogical limitations.
Homofobia internalizada: identificando as estratégias de adaptação do sujeito no campo
Authors: Souza Lívia Barbosa Pacheco
Published: January 2025

An in-depth understanding of issues related to internalized homophobia, heteronormativity, LGBTQIAP+ representation, self-care, and mental health is critical to promoting the inclusion, equality, and well-being of LGBTQIAP+ individuals in the field. Thus, this article addressed the theme of internalized homophobia, impacts of heteronormativity, and lack of reference and representation faced by LGBTQIAP+ individuals in the field. The need to confront conservatism, strengthen self-care and mental health, seek community and support, as well as final considerations and future perspectives were discussed. The work also highlights the importance of promoting LGBTQIAP+ awareness, education, and visibility, as well as the creation of safe spaces, increased representation, and emotional support to build a more inclusive and egalitarian rural society.
Juiz boca de lei e a lei segundo a boca do juiz na teoria de Lenio Streck
Authors: Júnior Sérgio Alves Teixeira
Published: January 2025

This article aims to explore and analyze Lenio Streck’s theory regarding judicial practice concepts, considering the figures of the judge as the mouth of the law and the law as per the judge’s mouth. The methodology employed involved a bibliographic research, sourcing theoretical grounding from articles and books essential to the study. In conclusion, the Judiciary should apply democratic law unless it is unconstitutional or there are conflicting norms to be resolved. It is crucial to avoid the ad hoc use of principles without a solid basis of generalization and continuity in decision-making to prevent decisionism. A greater care in the interpretation and application of the law is advocated, always respecting the literal wording of democratically established laws.
O IMPACTO DA PRISÃO ANTECIPADA NA SELETIVIDADE PENAL E NOENCARCERAMENTO EM MASSA NO BRASIL
Authors: Júnior Sérgio Alves Teixeira
Published: January 2025

Thisarticle examines theimpactofpretrialdetentionontheexacerbationofpenal selectivityandthephenomenonofmassincarceration in Brazil, focusingon itsdisproportionateeffectsonvulnerablepopulations, particularly Blackindividualsandthose living in poverty. Using a qualitative approach, thestudyemploysa bibliographic review andcriticalanalysisofsecondary data tounderstandhowthe useofpretrialdetentionreinforcesthecycleof social and penal exclusion,highlightingtheracistandunequalstructureofBrazil's justice system.The paperprovidesa theoreticalanalysisof penal selectivityandmassincarceration, progressingto acriticaldiscussionoftheeffectsofpretrialdetentiononperpetuatingprisonovercrowdingandhumanrightsviolations. Furthermore, it reflectsontheinadequacyofpretrialdetention asa procedural tool andproposeslegislativealternativesandpublic policiesaimedatmitigating its impacts, such as the useofalternativeprecautionarymeasuresandprioritizingstrategiesthatpromote racialandsocioeconomicequity in the criminal justice system. Thestudyconcludesthatpretrialdetention, ratherthanfulfilling itspurposeofmaintainingpublicorder, reinforcespunitivecultureandstructuralexclusion,underscoringtheurgentneed for its reformand a reorientationofthe criminal justicesystem.
Experimental gillnet study to inform future large fish monitoring in the San Francisco Estuary
Authors: Stompe Dylan Keating , Hobbs James A.
Published: January 2025

Fishery independent monitoring in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) includes extensive coverage by the many trawl- and seine-based surveys of the Interagency Ecological Program (IEP). These surveys primarily sample small forage fishes and/or juvenile life stages of larger fishes due to the relatively small net dimensions, mesh sizes, and tow speeds. As a result, the adult life stage of many SFE fish species is not completely sampled, representing a shortcoming in our ability to track changes in age-structured regional fish assemblages. To help fill this monitoring gap, we conducted an experimental gillnetting effort in the spring of 2023. We employed American Fisheries Society experimental gillnets in a stratified random sampling design in the North Delta, California, USA. In total, we caught 16 fish species during 141 approximately one-hour gillnet sets, including 33 paired day and night sets to test diurnal effects on catch. On average, fishes caught in this study were substantially larger than those caught by trawl- and seine-based surveys. Ordination analyses revealed a high degree of overlap in sampled fish assemblages between the three North Delta subregions (Cache Slough Complex, Lindsey Slough Complex, Liberty Slough Complex), with significant differences detected for only the Lindsey Slough Complex. When testing diel effects on catch, significant differences in species assemblage were seen between day and night sets. However, differences in catch may not justify the added risk and complexities of night sampling except for targeted studies of benthic predators (catfishes). Finally, while over 3,000 PIT tags were deployed (primarily in Striped Bass) between this and another nearby study, only 6 PIT tags were recovered, demonstrating that greater effort or different methodologies would be required to generate mark-recapture abundance estimates in this open and highly dynamic system. This study demonstrates the efficacy of experimental gillnets in sampling the large fish community within portions of the SFE and may inform future SFE large fish monitoring.
Facilitating translocation: an endangered rodent engineer improves outcomes for re-introduced San Joaquin antelope squirrels
Authors: Anderson Patrick , Fiehler Craig , Bean William Timothy
Published: January 2025

Despite the popularity of translocation for conservation, many wildlife translocations fail. Research on translocation failure has most often focused on negative species interactions like competition or predation, but positive interactions such as facilitation may be just as important. Ecosystem engineers, including burrowing rodents, play a key role in maintaining high levels of biodiversity and could be used to improve translocation outcomes. However, ecosystem engineers might simultaneously facilitate and compete with translocated species. We used a natural experiment to assess translocation outcomes with a soft release for the threatened San Joaquin antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni) at a site with and without giant kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ingens)—an endangered species and ecosystem engineer. We further compared these outcomes to a control, non-translocated population of antelope squirrels. Survival was highest at the control site, lower at the site with giant kangaroo rats present, and lowest at the site with no giant kangaroo rats. In the year following translocation, we found evidence of reproduction at all three sites. After four years, the antelope squirrel population re-introduced to the kangaroo rat present site persisted, but the population at the kangaroo rat absent site appears to have failed. Home range sizes were much larger at the translocation sites compared to the control. Antelope squirrels dispersed farther from initial release at the site with giant kangaroo rats than the site without, but these results may have suffered from survivorship bias—that is, squirrels at the kangaroo rat absent site either stayed directly within the release footprint or dispersed so far that we could not find them. Our results suggest that the positive impacts of a burrowing ecosystem engineer outweigh the potential negative impacts from competition.
Reliability of tooth cementum rings to age bighorn sheep: a blind test
Authors: Wehausen John D. , O’Brien Christopher J. , McCullough Dale R.
Published: January 2025

Tooth cementum rings often have been considered the most reliable method for aging larger mammals. Tests of this approach have used samples of known ages, but to ensure objectivity this needs to be carried out as truly blind tests. That has not always been the case, including for North American wild sheep in studies that concluded that cementum ring aging provided highly accurate ages. This study re-examined cementum ring aging accuracy for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) via a blind test of known-age samples from two ecologically different regions in California, using three different laboratory techniques (histological, petrographic, and grinding), and different individuals applying each of those methods. Overall, there were considerably more errors than previously reported. The grinding method performed particularly poorly, but statistical analyses of aging errors for the other two methods found differences between those methods and between the two data sets used. While the histological method had the highest overall rate of correct ages at 31%, its error range was twice that of the petrographic method. Given the error rates we found, cementum-based ages of bighorn sheep should not be treated as accurate ages. It is therefore unlikely that cementum-based ages will improve ages based on horn rings for most male specimens. Cementum-based ages may be useful for female bighorn sheep older than 4-6 years because of difficulties in aging by horn rings.