bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect analysis of angular momentum on coaxial multipactor with 1D3V statistical modeling
Authors: Lin Shu , Qu Hao , Wong Patrick , Zhang Peng , Verboncoeur John , Zhong Huan , Zhai Yonggui , Cao Meng , Wang Hongguang , Li Yongdong
Published: October 2022

How does the multipactor threshold voltage vary when two semi-infinite parallel plates are bent into coaxial lines? This topic with respect to the geometric effect on multipactor formation is essential for the optimal design of multipactor-free microwave systems. It requires accurate multipactor threshold analysis of the coaxial lines with the consideration of electron angular momentum, which is not considered in most multipactor theoretical approaches for efficient threshold calculations. To address this effect from the perspective of multipactor threshold analysis, this work presents an improved implementation of the multipactor statistical modeling (1D3V modeling) by constructing the joint probability density function with angular emissions and impacts of secondary electrons included. On that basis, a multipactor susceptibility chart of coaxial lines is conducted and compared with the experimental results, and multipactor threshold voltage for varying ratios of outer to inner conductor radii (radius ratio) is calculated to quantitatively investigate the effect of electron angular momentum. The results indicate that the 1D3V modeling can achieve fairly good agreement with the experimental result and relatively better accuracy of threshold calculation at first multipactor orders with comparison to the 1D1V result which only regards the radial momentum. With different variations of the threshold voltage from the 1D1V result, the 1D3V result reaches its minimum at a specific radius ratio before the sudden rise, and the discrepancy becomes more significant for the high-order multipactor, revealing the indispensable effect of angular momentum on the coaxial multipactor. The intricacies of the mechanism analysis will be further explored in the paper.
Comment on “The effects of radio-frequency bias on electron density in an inductively coupled plasma reactor” [J. Appl. hys. 102, 113302 (2007)]
Authors: Du M. Q. , Ding Z. F.
Published: October 2022

Sobolewski et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 102, 113302 (2007)] obtained the complex responses of electron density to the long-pulsed RF bias and proposed the gas composition effect as a key underlying factor. In this Comment, the consistent explanations on the complex responses indicate that the ignored slow wall heating should be taken into account.
Numerical analysis of a three-wave-mixing Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier with engineered dispersion loadings
Authors: Gaydamachenko Victor , Kissling Christoph , Dolata Ralf , Zorin Alexander B.
Published: October 2022

The recently proposed Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier (JTWPA) based on a ladder transmission line consisting of radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices and exploiting three-wave mixing has great potential in achieving both a gain of 20 dB and a flat bandwidth of at least 4 GHz. To realize this concept in practical amplifiers, we model the advanced JTWPA circuit with periodic modulation of the circuit parameters (engineered dispersion loadings), which allow the basic mixing process, i.e., ωs=ωp−ωi, where ωs, ωp, and ωi are the signal, the pump, and the idler frequencies, respectively, and efficiently suppress propagation of unwanted higher tones, including ω2p=2ωp, ωp+s=ωp+ωs, ωp+i=ωp+ωi, etc. The engineered dispersion loadings allow achieving a sufficiently wide 3 dB-bandwidth from 3 to 9 GHz combined with a reasonably small ripple (±2 dB) in the gain-vs-frequency dependence.
Depletion interaction mediated by semiflexible polymers
Authors: Martens C. M. , Tuinier R. , Vis M.
Published: October 2022

We present a simple mean-field theory to describe the polymer-mediated depletion attraction between colloidal particles that accounts for the polymer’s chain stiffness. We find that for fixed polymer radius of gyration and volume fraction, the strength of this attraction increases with increasing chain stiffness in both dilute and semidilute concentration regimes. In contrast, the range of attraction monotonically decreases with chain stiffness in the dilute regime, while it attains a maximum in the semidilute regime. The obtained analytical expressions for the depletion interaction were compared with numerical self-consistent field lattice computations and shown to be in quantitative agreement. From the interaction potential between two spheres, we calculated the second osmotic virial coefficient B2, which appears to be a convex function of chain stiffness. A minimum of B2 as a function of chain stiffness was observed both in the numerical self-consistent field computations and the analytical theory. These findings help explain the general observation that semiflexible polymers are more effective depletants than flexible polymers and give insight into the phase behavior of mixtures containing spherical colloids and semiflexible polymers.
Locked-energy at first-order Stokes stimulated Raman scattering for an aqueous sulfuric acid solution
Authors: Wang Haixin , Xing Lu , Liu Xiaofeng , Sun Chenglin , Zhang Wei , Cai Chendong , Men Zhiwei
Published: October 2022

We introduced a locked-energy coherent Stokes radiation scheme based on multi-mode stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of aqueous sulfuric acid solutions. SRS of pure sulfuric acid has only one vibrational characteristic peak. Mixing sulfuric acid with water leads to the appearance of bisulfate, and the energy transfer between adjacent vibrational energy levels in a 17.0 mol/l aqueous sulfuric acid solution leads to generation of five different vibrational modes in a solution. The competition between these five SRS modes prevents the vibrational energy from being transferred to high-order Stokes waves, thereby locking most of the energy in the first-order Stokes SRS and outputting a very strong, broadband, and coherent Raman radiation ranging from 555 to 570 nm. This study demonstrates the possibility of producing an intense single longitudinal mode laser.
Wonderful Wasps
Authors: Germein Katrina , Houghton Suzanne
Published: October 2022

What do you know about wasps?
There are wasps that shimmer in shades of bright blue and green. There are some without wings – and some almost too tiny to see. Some capture spiders, while others nest in fruit or mud.
With over 12 000 species found in Australia, Wonderful Wasps brings the beauty and importance of native wasps to life, and reminds us every creature matters in its own wonderful way.
Reading level varies from child to child, but we recommend this book for ages 5 to 9.
Changes in paediatric Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions in Victoria, 2018–20: the COVID-19 effect?
Authors: White Mary , Craig Simon , Chu Wanyu , Hiscock Harriet
Published: October 2022

Objectives This study sought to describe the patterns in emergency department (ED) presentations and hospital admissions in children with Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions in Victoria, Australia, to assess if changes in out-of-hospital care resulted in an increase in delayed/severe presentations. Methods This study involved secondary analysis of Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset and Victorian Admitted Episode Dataset data. Patients (<18 years) attending EDs with a diagnosis of an ACSC were included. We compared the number and severity of ASCS presentations pre-COVID-19 (1January 2018–27 March 2020) and during COVID-19 (28 March–31 October 2020). A linear regression prediction model was built to compare the observed versus predicted presentation number in the 2020 period. Results In total, there were 108 104 paediatric ACSC ED presentations in Victoria during the study period. Females accounted for 51 462/108 104 (47.6%) of all presentations, with a median age of 3 years. A significant decrease in ED presentations was seen in 2020 (41 319 in 2018; 44 978 in 2019; and 21 807 until October 2020), predominantly due to reductions in conditions that are typically mediated by viruses in childhood (i.e. asthma, convulsions/epilepsy and ear, nose and throat conditions). The proportion of high-urgency presentations and those requiring admission was stable in 2020. Conclusions An overall reduction in the number of ED presentations and admissions with paediatric ACSCs was seen in Victoria in 2020, indicating that rates of delayed or more severe presentations did not occur as a result of changes in out-of-hospital care.
Corrigendum to: Integrative methods resolve taxonomy and relationships of snapping shrimps in the genus Synalpheus (Decapoda: Alpheidae) collected during the MNHN ‘Madibenthos’ expedition
Authors: Ashrafi Hossein , Hultgren Kristin M.
Published: October 2022

Extensive sampling around Martinique during the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle ‘Madibenthos’ expedition in 2016 resulted in a collection of hundreds of alpheid shrimps, of which 21 distinct species of Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888 are studied herein. Combining results of a morphological analysis, a phylogenetic tree (combined 16S and COI) and species delimitation analyses (ABGD and PTP) indicates three species as new to science. These species are S. chaki sp. nov., S. corbariae sp. nov., and S. macdonaldi sp. nov. The first two new species belong to the S. rathbunae Coutière, 1909 species group, whereas the third new species broadly groups with the S. gambarelloides group. Additionally, 13 new country records of Synalpheus are reported for Martinique.
“I know how you feel”
Authors: Andriella Antonio , Huertas-Garcia Ruben , Forgas-Coll Santiago , Torras Carme , Alenyà Guillem
Published: October 2022

In this article, we aim to evaluate the role of robots’ personality-driven behavioural patterns on users’
intention to use in an entertainment scenario. Toward such a goal, we designed two personalities: one introverted with an empathic
and self-comparative interaction style, and the other extroverted with a provocative and other-comparative interaction style. To
evaluate the proposed technology acceptance model, we conducted an experiment (N = 209) at a public venue where
users were requested to play a game with the support of the TIAGo robot. Our findings show that the robot personality affects the
acceptance model and three relevant drivers: perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness, and social influence. The extroverted
robot was perceived as more useful than the introverted, and participants who interacted with it were faster at solving the game.
On the other hand, the introverted robot was perceived as more enjoyable but less useful than the extroverted, and participants
who interacted with it made fewer mistakes. Taken together, these findings support the importance of designing proper robot
personalities in influencing users’ acceptance, featuring that a given style can elicit a different driver of acceptance.
Social gaze training for Autism Spectrum Disorder using eye-tracking and virtual humans
Authors: Grynszpan Ouriel , Bouteiller Julie , Grynszpan Séverine , Martin Jean-Claude , Nadel Jacqueline
Published: October 2022

Background: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have pronounced difficulties in attending
to relevant visual information during social interactions. Method: We designed and evaluated the feasibility of a
novel method to train this ability, by exposing participants to virtual human characters displayed on a screen which was entirely
blurred, except for a gaze-contingent viewing window that followed participants’ eyes direction. The goal was to incite
participants to direct their gaze towards the facial expressions of the virtual characters. Twenty-one adolescents with ASD who
attended ordinary school were randomized to either an experimental group, who was trained during a month and a half, or to a
control group. Social communicative abilities were assessed during pre, post and follow-up tests. Results: After
training, the experimental group showed significantly more interest in facial expressions on a test which involved understanding a
dialogue. Significant differences were not found for the other tests used. Conclusions: This outcome suggests that
the training method fostered participants’ awareness of the relevance of facial expressions.
Lipid droplets go through a (liquid crystalline) phase
Authors: Windham Ian A. , Cohen Sarah
Published: October 2022

Lipid droplets (LDs) are key organelles for fat storage and trafficking. In this issue, Rogers et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202205053) show that glucose restriction triggers liquid crystalline lattice formation within LDs, which in turn alters the recruitment of proteins to the LD surface.
Analysis of deforestation as impact of changes on oil palm land use in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan using satellite remote sensing data
Authors: Rasyidah Annisa Nur , Astuti Ike Sari , Carolita Ita
Published: October 2022

Analysis of deforestation using remote sensing satellite imagery is carried out for monitoring and as an effort to reduce deforestation rates to maintain the ecological function of the forest. One of the causes of deforestation are land clearing and land conversion. Based on BPS data in 2020th, the forest area is decreasing and the area of oil palm is increasing every year. This research was conducted in Tanah Bumbu Regency, the data used were Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images. The method used is a guided classification with Support Vector Machine (SVM). Analysis of deforestation uses the results of image processing classification in time series by taking into account the reduction of forest that occurs every year. Based on the results of image classification in 2010th using SVM, forest has an area of 2161.1 km2 and oil palm is 1063.6 km2. Both of these land uses underwent changes in 2020th with forest area experiencing a reduction of 1493.42 km2 and oil palm having an additional area of 865.62 km2. The classification results have an overall accuracy value of above 80% and a kappa accuracy of 78%. The results of the analysis show that there is a relationship between the incidence of deforestation and the expansion of oil palm land. Based on the results of the regression analysis, R2 = 0.95 with a change value of 935.42 km2.
Sustainable Energy Business Model and Strategies for Marketing of Clean Energy Products in Rural Areas of India
Authors: Das Shiv Sankar , Nayak Bijaya Bijeta , Behera Debashree Debadatta , Sahu Rita Kumari , Sahu Sasmita , Giri Soumya Ranjan
Published: October 2022

Our world’s problem can be resolved with the use of energy. Energy is the fundamental structure for economic development of any area, state, or a country. In today’s world, energy access is a relevant issue. Availability of energy is required to improve health, agricultural productivity, and educational outcomes. The increased need for energy has led to a reliance on large-scale fossil fuel extraction and use. As a result, environmental degradation, pollution, and ecological imbalance have occurred. In order to find a solution, clean energy is vital. As a result, focusing on the shift from conventional to clean energy sources is critical. "Clean energy" is obtained mostly from non-polluting, zero-emission sources, as well as energy conserved via efficiency improvements. Access to clean energy can aid in the development of rural tribal communities. This paper focuses on a case analysis where sustainable energy business model was devised. The paper is divided into three segments. The first segment focuses on the introduction to clean energy, clean technology and clean energy products. Second segment focuses on the sustainable energy business model in rural areas of South Odisha, where a Digital Business Centre (DBC) was established. Finally the third segment focuses on the strategies for marketing of clean energy products and an Entrepreneurial-cum-SHG Model. Methodology/design/approach: In this study, a descriptive case technique was employed, and instances were purposefully chosen. Data was gathered to better comprehend the theoretical ideas of actors, factors, and their relationships, as well as to create the conceptual framework. The framework’s applicability was tested using an action research approach (partial intervention in the ecosystem). Findings: Variety of players and variables were identified, and their relationships were established. Originality/value- An innovative strategy to clean energy intervention for income generation was established and a sense of entrepreneurial attitude was also developed.
Optimization of Renewable Energy Resource- A Review
Authors: Sharma Vijay Prakash , Somwanshi Devendra Kumar , Jain Kalpit , Satankar Raj Kumar
Published: October 2022

Bit by bit the energy demand is extending and thusly the necessities for a sustainable source that won’t hurt the environment are of prime importance. A couple of projections express that by 2050 the energy solicitation will essentially increment. Anyway larger piece of the energy necessities is satisfied by oil subordinates yet by the use of harmless to the ecosystem power structures could help in giving the energy demands. As we as a whole realize that sustainable power is the energy which is either created by the climate or directly from the sun or from heat delivered significant inside the earth. In this review paper the renewable energy as power and warmth, which is made from sun based, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and bio empowers and hydrogen and these assets are known as inexhaustible assets.
Comparison of multi linear regression and artificial neural network to predict the energy consumption of residential buildings
Authors: Nainwal Rajat , Sharma Aniket
Published: October 2022

The building sector along with its sub-sectors is the world’s leading consumer of all forms of energy and consumes about 30% of the world’s final energy consumption. With the increase in population, industrialization and urbanization trend, the energy sector has grown rapidly in the past decades to cater to the increase in energy demand. To cater this, many regulatory efforts in the form of energy efficiency and conservation codes offering guidelines and measures during and post design have been proposed in different countries of the world. In order to optimize the consumption of energy and achieving energy efficiency in buildings, an important role is played by the energy consumption prediction. In the due course of time, various energy prediction models have been developed by researchers, which are either based on Physical, Hybrid, or Data-driven methods. In this paper, the energy prediction results using two mostly used data-driven methods i.e. multi linear regression and artificial neural network methods, are compared. For this energy consumption data was collected and monitored from six dwelling units when the outside temperature range is 4°C to 15 °C. It has been observed that the monthly energy consumption predicted using ANN method is more accurate than the prediction using MLR. The variation in energy prediction values ranges between -0.302% to +1.752% in ANN, whereas in MLR it ranges between -2.112% to +2.448%.
Urban environmental challenges associated with dynamics of slum settlement
Authors: Kumari Rashmi
Published: October 2022

The urban environmental quality is one of the major issues which need immediate attention as it has direct impact on the human life around the globe. The growing population in the urban areas has put a pressure on the housing sector, which leads to slum formation, and the decreased environmental quality due to it. The urban system cannot be imagined without the slums as these are inexorable part of urban areas, especially in the developing nations. There is a direct association between the complex spatial arrangement and the socio-economic fabric of the slum dwellers. In the present study, the statistical analysis has been performed to establish the interrelation between the determinants of social and economic status of the slum dwellers, and the air quality. Further, the space syntax analysis on the selected case has been performed to understand the spatial dynamics and its interrelation with the socio-behavioural pattern of the slum in the study area of Patna city. The present investigation advocated to improving the quality of slum settlements for improving the quality of the environment.
Numerical Analysis of RCC Beam Using ABAQUS
Authors: Hemamathi A. , Sukumar Binu , Hambrish Guru Chantrakant R.B.
Published: October 2022

Experimental investigation of RCC beam provide an important understanding on its flexural properties. The stages involved from the design to casting, curing, testing and interpretation of results is time consuming and involves economy and labour. To reduce the above said challenges, numerical investigation seems to be an alternate without involvement of money and labour. Preliminary design stages involves design equation which are provided by the basic experiments conducted and they also give the basic information to develop the finite element model. This paper presents the numerical investigation of RCC beam to study the flexural properties using an effective finite element analysis tool ABAQUS. RCC beam prototypes were casted and their flexural properties were experimentally investigated. The results were validated through the finite element model by providing suitable properties for the material that are actually used for the prototype with the desired loading and support conditions. Beam of size 3000 x 230 x 300 mm of M20 grade concrete was casted and tested in the loading frame for flexure and deflection. The study focussed for under reinforced, balanced and over reinforced sections. Numerical analysis was performed using ABAQUS for model geometry and the results were compared with the experimental results. The results agreed with both the experimental and numerical values. Numerical results helps in developing reliable models which can reduce the number of required test specimens for conducting experiments and the model can be used for various study. Also from the finite element results the propagation of cracks can be well understood for the actual specimen.
The flood
Authors: Leeming David A.
Published: October 2022

C3.P1C3.P2Flood myths are ubiquitous. They are found, for instance, in Greek, Egyptian, and Toltec mythologies. The Sumerian/Babylonian and biblical myths and their similarities are discussed here. Flood myths are associated closely with creation myths and exist even in cultures from areas where floods are nonexistent. What is the psychosocial importance of the flood in our cultural dreams? Flood myths speak to the idea of the destruction of the world to make possible a new beginning. They speak to the fact that our world is imperfect and in need of a universal cleansing, leading to a new creation. Flood myths are both tragic and hopeful. They are at once tales of destruction and renewal, death and rebirth.
The trickster
Authors: Leeming David A.
Published: October 2022

Tricksters are central particularly in animistic mythologies such as those from Africa, Native America, and Australia. Ananse and Legba are African examples, and Iktome, Coyote, and Raven are popular in America. In Australia, ancient figures who do walkabouts in Dreamtime are trickster-like. Tricksters reflect a preconscious unrestricted or instinctive appetite for pleasure of all kinds. They often take animal form. They are shapeshifters, and although sometimes they act as culture heroes who assist a creator, more often they undermine the creator’s work and introduce such realities as death into the newly created worlds (e.g., Satan as a shapeshifting figure—the serpent—in the Garden of Eden). What do tricksters have to do with us? Why are they in our cultural dreams?
Are you evil? Is anyone evil?
Authors: Russell Luke
Published: October 2022

Could it be the case that you are an evil person? Milgram’s Obedience Experiment suggests that the majority of us are disposed to inflict extreme harms on other people in certain circumstances. This chapter explores the implications of this terrible discovery. We ought to realize that we ourselves are prone towards terrible wrongdoing when we are influenced by authority figures. However, most people do not seek out the opportunity to inflict extreme harms on innocent victims. Serial killers who do seek out these opportunities and who are beyond redemption should be judged to be evil.
Quantitative severity of emphysema is related to the prognostic outcome of early-stage lung cancer
Authors: Yasuura Yoshiyuki , Terada Yukihiro , Mizuno Kiyomichi , Kayata Hiroyuki , Hayato Konno , Kojima Hideaki , Mizuno Tetsuya , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Ohde Yasuhisa
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES

Although pulmonary emphysema is a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the prognostic significance of the quantitative severity of emphysema in patients with primary lung cancer is unclear. This study aimed to identify the association between the quantitative severity of emphysema detected by the low-attenuation area on computed tomography and the prognostic outcome of early non-small-cell lung cancer.

METHODS

A consecutive series of 1062 patients who underwent lobectomy for clinical stage I and II non-small-cell lung cancer were enrolled in this study. The clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes of patients with primary lung cancer in emphysema were investigated. The extent of emphysema in the lobe where the tumour was present was measured by preoperative computed tomography as a percentage of the low-attenuation area (LAA%).

RESULTS

LAA% ≥ 1.0% was detected in 145 (13.7%) patients. LAA% was associated with pleural invasion (P < 0.0001), vascular invasion (P < 0.0001) and a larger tumour size (P = 0.001). The overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with LAA% ≥ 1.0% and with LAA% < 1.0% at 5 years were 78.6% and 92.1% (P < 0.0001) and 68.7% and 85.2% (P < 0.0001), respectively. According to the Cox proportional hazards model, LAA% was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.003, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The quantitative severity of pulmonary emphysema was found to be associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological aggression in early non-small-cell lung cancer.
The benefit of augmenting open data with clinical data-warehouse EHR for forecasting SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizations in Bordeaux area, France
Authors: Ferté Thomas , Jouhet Vianney , Griffier Romain , Hejblum Boris P , Thiébaut Rodolphe ,   Bordeaux University Hospital Covid-19 Crisis Task Force, Faure Isabelle , Revel Philippe , Tentillier Eric , Dindart Jean-Michel , Gruson Didier , Joannes-Boyau Olivier , Malvy Jean-Marie Denis , Pistone Thierry , Neau Didier , Nguyen Duc , Lafon Marie-Edith , Molimard Mathieu , Schaeverbeke Thierry , Grenier Nicolas , Salles Nathalie , Rouanet Francois
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop an accurate regional forecast algorithm to predict the number of hospitalized patients and to assess the benefit of the Electronic Health Records (EHR) information to perform those predictions.

Materials and Methods

Aggregated data from SARS-CoV-2 and weather public database and data warehouse of the Bordeaux hospital were extracted from May 16, 2020 to January 17, 2022. The outcomes were the number of hospitalized patients in the Bordeaux Hospital at 7 and 14 days. We compared the performance of different data sources, feature engineering, and machine learning models.

Results

During the period of 88 weeks, 2561 hospitalizations due to COVID-19 were recorded at the Bordeaux Hospital. The model achieving the best performance was an elastic-net penalized linear regression using all available data with a median relative error at 7 and 14 days of 0.136 [0.063; 0.223] and 0.198 [0.105; 0.302] hospitalizations, respectively. Electronic health records (EHRs) from the hospital data warehouse improved median relative error at 7 and 14 days by 10.9% and 19.8%, respectively. Graphical evaluation showed remaining forecast error was mainly due to delay in slope shift detection.

Discussion

Forecast model showed overall good performance both at 7 and 14 days which were improved by the addition of the data from Bordeaux Hospital data warehouse.

Conclusions

The development of hospital data warehouse might help to get more specific and faster information than traditional surveillance system, which in turn will help to improve epidemic forecasting at a larger and finer scale.
Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits renal cell carcinoma cell migration, invasion, colony formation, and tube formation and enhances apoptosis through promoting the DNA demethylation and histone acetylation
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Zuo Yan , Wang Wei
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This study explored the effect and mechanism of Rg3 on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression.

Methods

RCC cells were treated with different concentrations of Rg3, 5-Aza-dc (a methyltransferase inhibitor) or TSA (a deacetylase inhibitor). Rg3-induced cytotoxicity, migration, invasion, colony formation, tube formation and apoptosis of RCC cells were evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell, colony formation, tube formation and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Methylation and expressions of p53, p21 and p16, and expressions of methylation-related genes and histone deacetylases and histone acetylation-related genes (H3 (acetyl K14), H3 (acetyl K9), H4 (acetyl K12), H4 (acetyl K5) and H4 (acetyl K16)) were analysed by qRT-PCR and western blot.

Key findings

Rg3 dose-dependently decreased the viability, inhibited migration, invasion, colony formation and tube formation, and enhanced apoptosis of RCC cells. Rg3 enhanced the demethylation levels and expressions of p53, p21 and p16 as well as the expressions of histone acetylation-related genes, but repressed the expressions of methylation-related genes and histone deacetylases. Rg3 had the same effect as 5-Aza-dc and TSA did on the above-mentioned cellular changes.

Conclusion

Rg3 restrains RCC cell migration, invasion, colony formation and tube formation, yet enhances apoptosis through promoting demethylation of p53, p21 and p16, and histone acetylation.
An extreme blue nugget, UV-bright starburst at z = 3.613 with 90 per cent of Lyman continuum photon escape
Authors: Marques-Chaves R , Schaerer D , Álvarez-Márquez J , Verhamme A , Ceverino D , Chisholm J , Colina L , Dessauges-Zavadsky M , Pérez-Fournon I , Saldana-Lopez A , Upadhyaya A , Vanzella E
Published: October 2022

We present the discovery and analysis of J1316+2614 at z = 3.6130, a UV-bright star-forming galaxy (MUV ≃ −24.7) with large escape of Lyman continuum (LyC) radiation. J1316+2614 is a young (≃10 Myr) star-forming galaxy with SFR ≃ 500 M⊙ yr−1 and a starburst mass of log(M⋆/M⊙) ≃ 9.7. It shows a very steep UV continuum, βUV = −2.59 ± 0.05, consistent with residual dust obscuration, E(B − V) ≃ 0. LyC emission is detected with high significance (≃17σ) down to 830 Å, for which a very high relative (absolute) LyC escape fraction $f_{\rm esc} \rm (LyC) \simeq 0.92$ (≃0.87) is inferred. The contribution of a foreground or active galactic nucleus contamination to the LyC signal is discussed, but is unlikely. J1316+2614 is the most powerful ionizing source known among the star-forming galaxy population, both in terms of production (QH ≈ 1056 s−1) and escape of ionizing photons ($f_{\rm esc} \rm (LyC) \approx 0.9$). Nebular emission in Ly α, H β, and other rest-frame optical lines are detected, but these are weak ($EW_{0} \rm [H\beta ] \simeq 35$ Å), with their strengths reduced roughly by $\simeq 90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. J1316+2614 is the first case known where the effect of large escape of ionizing photons on the strength of nebular lines and continuum emission is clearly observed. Gas inflows are detected in J1316+2614 from the blue-dominated peak Ly α emission (with a blue-to-red peak line ratio Iblue/Ired ≃ 3.7) and redshifted interstellar medium absorption (≃100 km s−1). Our results suggest that J1316+2614 is undergoing a gas compaction event, possibly representing a short-lived phase in the evolution of massive and compact galaxies, where strong gas inflows have triggered an extreme star formation episode and nearly 100 per cent LyC photons are escaping.
Data mining techniques on astronomical spectra data – I. Clustering analysis
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Shi Chenhui , Cai Jianghui , Zhou Lichan , Yang Yuqing , Zhao Xujun , He Yanting , Hao Jing
Published: October 2022

Clustering is an effective tool for astronomical spectral analysis, to mine clustering patterns among data. With the implementation of large sky surveys, many clustering methods have been applied to tackle spectroscopic and photometric data effectively and automatically. Meanwhile, the performance of clustering methods under different data characteristics varies greatly. With the aim of summarizing astronomical spectral clustering algorithms and laying the foundation for further research, this work gives a review of clustering methods applied to astronomical spectra data in three parts. First, many clustering methods for astronomical spectra are investigated and analysed theoretically, looking at algorithmic ideas, applications, and features. Secondly, experiments are carried out on unified datasets constructed using three criteria (spectra data type, spectra quality, and data volume) to compare the performance of typical algorithms; spectra data are selected from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Finally, source codes of the comparison clustering algorithms and manuals for usage and improvement are provided on GitHub.
Planetary nebulae with Wolf–Rayet-type central stars – IV. NGC 1501 and its mixing layer
Authors: Rubio G , Toalá J A , Todt H , Sabin L , Santamaría E , Ramos-Larios G , Guerrero M A
Published: October 2022

Theory predicts that the temperature of the X-ray-emitting gas (∼106 K) detected from planetary nebulae (PNe) is a consequence of mixing or thermal conduction when in contact with the ionized outer rim (∼104 K). Gas at intermediate temperatures (∼105 K) can be used to study the physics of the production of X-ray-emitting gas, via C iv, N v, and O vi ions. Here, we model the stellar atmosphere of the CSPN of NGC 1501 to demonstrate that even this hot H-deficient [WO4]-type star cannot produce these emission lines by photoionization. We use the detection of the C iv lines to assess the physical properties of the mixing region in this PNe in comparison with its X-ray-emitting gas, rendering NGC 1501 only the second PNe with such characterization. We extend our predictions to the hottest [WO1] and cooler [WC5] spectral types and demonstrate that most energetic photons are absorbed in the dense winds of [WR] CSPN and highly ionized species can be used to study the physics behind the production of hot bubbles in PNe. We found that the UV observations of NGC 2452, NGC 6751, and NGC 6905 are consistent with the presence mixing layers and hot bubbles, providing excellent candidates for future X-ray observations.
Predicting outcomes after total knee arthroplasty using intraoperative knee kinematics measured by navigation
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Tone Shine , Naito Yohei , Sudo Akihiro
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The objective of the study is to evaluate the relationship between clinical results following posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and intraoperative kinematic pattern determined from navigation.

Methods

Participants were patients with knee osteoarthritis and varus deformity who underwent primary posterior-stabilized TKA. Preoperative and post-implantation kinematic data were recorded, and all kinematic patterns were divided into two types: medial pivot (MP) or non-MP. Knees with MP and non-MP patterns after implantation were compared in terms of postoperative flexion angle, pain, patient satisfaction, expectations, and activity using the new Knee Society Score 2011 at 1 year postoperatively.

Results

This study involved 55 patients (12 men, 43 women) with a mean age of 73.1 years and mean body mass index of 26.5 kg/m2. Preoperative kinematic measurements showed MP in 23 knees and non-MP in 32 knees. After implantation, navigation showed MP in 25 knees and non-MP in 30 knees. No significant differences were found between kinematic patterns preoperatively and after implantation. Postoperative flexion angle, pain, patient satisfaction, expectations, and activity using Knee Society Score 2011 showed no differences between MP and non-MP knees.

Conclusion

Intraoperative knee kinematics as measured by navigation could not predict postoperative outcomes of TKA.
Strongyloidiasis presenting during treatment of low-dose glucocorticoid plus rituximab for anti-signal recognition particle antibody–positive polymyositis: A case report
Authors: Oshima Ryo , Matsuhisa Takaharu , Kondo Takeshi , Sato Motoki , Sato Juichi , Yamamura Masahiro
Published: October 2022

Strongyloidiasis, an intestinal parasitic infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, rarely occurs in Japan. When treated with immunosuppressive drugs, two potentially lethal conditions, hyperinfection and dissemination, may develop in asymptomatic carriers of this parasite. We report the development of strongyloidiasis during treatment of polymyositis with glucocorticoids plus rituximab (RTX). A 44-year-old woman had been diagnosed with anti-signal recognition particle antibody–positive polymyositis with interstitial pneumonia 6 years previously, for which she had recently been receiving prednisolone at 5 mg/day and RTX at 375 mg/m2 twice every 3 months. Her condition appeared to be well controlled. She was admitted to our hospital with a 1-month history of chronic diarrhoea and epigastric pain. Standard microscopic examination of a sample of faeces revealed the presence of S. stercoralis; however, serologic testing for parasites was negative. Treatment with ivermectin alleviated her inflammatory diarrhoea and eradicated the faecal parasites. We believe that our patient had an exacerbation of S. stercoralis infection (hyperinfection syndrome) that was exacerbated by low-dose glucocorticoids plus RTX. Strongyloidiasis should be considered in immunocompromised individuals with unexplained diarrhoea, even in non-endemic areas.
Who Cares
Authors: Howard Christopher
Published: October 2022

Societies are often judged by how they treat their most vulnerable members: the poor and near poor. In the United States, this responsibility belongs not only to governments but also to charities, businesses, individuals, and family members. Their combined efforts generate a social safety net. Many academics and journalists have studied discrete pieces of this net. However, it is still hard to see larger patterns and learn general lessons. Who Cares pulls these pieces together to offer the first comprehensive map of the US social safety net. The central theme of the book is care. Part I describes how much we care about people in need, as well as who we think should take care of them. Individual chapters capture the views of ordinary citizens, business and labor organizations, churches and other charities, and public officials. The emphasis in Part II is on tangible acts of caring. Who pays for government programs and charitable services? Who are the most important caregivers, public and private? How adequate is the care that people receive? Each chapter answers these questions for specific human needs—income, food, housing, medical care, and daily care. Although the US social safety net is extensive, major gaps remain, particularly impacting Blacks, Hispanics, and individuals who are not employed full-time. These problems persist even when the economy seems healthy; Who Cares is based heavily on evidence from the years right before the Covid-19 pandemic. The postscript offers an initial assessment of how the social safety net performed during the pandemic.
Housing
Authors: Howard Christopher
Published: October 2022

Housing is expensive all over the United States. Unable to afford rent or a mortgage, some adults will be forced to live with relatives or friends (i.e., the family safety net). Charitable organizations offer temporary shelter for some of the homeless. In general, charities play a much smaller role in housing than food. Government assistance programs, primarily housing vouchers and public housing for renters, help a few million Americans. Nevertheless, many people who are eligible for housing assistance do not receive it because of inadequate funding. Government funding for housing assistance pales in comparison to tax breaks for more affluent homeowners. Although the vast majority of Americans have a roof over their heads, housing costs are a sizable burden. To pay rent, families may not be able to afford enough food or medical care. Many face the threat of eviction.
Blackletter Law
Authors: Mallat Chibli
Published: October 2022

The chapter provides an overview of courts through the development of the country’s judicial organization frameworks, and their development featuring in particular the large jurisdiction of Diwan al-Mazalem from the 1980s to the 2010s. It introduces the main “oracles of the law,” identified as courts adjudicating cases, government officials in various rule-making capacities, and traditional scholars in advisory functions, including the Council of senior scholars and the mufti. I then provide charts of the various courts through the last half-century, basics of evidence in civil procedure, an overview of Hanbali treatises and major statutes as sources of law, and an illustration of these sources in civil law cases.
Civil Law I Contracts
Authors: Mallat Chibli
Published: October 2022

Since there is no civil code in Saudi Arabia, and despite the presence of a restatement of the law of obligations known as the Hanbali Majalla, a general theory of contracts and torts must be reconstructed from classical treatises, against which the chapter considers the case law available in the law reporters. A Unifying Theory (upper case) is proposed on the basis of remedies in contracts and torts moving in fiqh from the notion of harm, darar. In the application of the rule that “harm must be removed,” the courts consider contractual breach in light of the terms of the contract, with the following formula as a result: Compensation for breach of contract = effective damage plus fair replacement use minus mitigation costs. Discussion also covers daman (risk-guarantee), specific performance, vices of consent, installments and the ‘ina sale, options (khiyarat), and penalty clauses.
Criminal Law I Procedure and Hadd
Authors: Mallat Chibli
Published: October 2022

This chapter and the following one map the criminal law system in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia enacted a criminal procedure code in 2001, but it lacks a comprehensive penal code, relying instead on identifications of certain acts as violations of the law (from public behavior to matters of the state administrative cogwheel) scattered in various pieces of legislation and the classical Islamic legal tradition’s classification. From the classical tradition arises a Saudi-Islamic criminal common law of crime, which develops mostly in court cases. It can be first organized into (a) “set punishment” of five prescribed crimes (hadd, plural hudud): zina (unlawful sexual intercourse), qadhf (wrongful accusation of zina), drinking, theft, hiraba (“war waging”), which are examined individually in the light of their application in court decisions.
From Diwan Al-Mazalem to Commercial Courts
Authors: Mallat Chibli
Published: October 2022

The chapter starts with an overview of the commercial scene in the 21st century and the accelerated pace of judicial reform and novel commercial statutes in line with political change at the helm. It then dwells on the “the status of merchant” since the early codification of commercial law in 1931, and on the Diwan’s central jurisprudential rule in compensation. Most of the chapter examines this “unifying theory” (lower case), which is drawn from the tort jurisprudence of the French civil code through Egyptian and other Arab applications. The unifying theory, consisting of three elements, harm, fault and the causality link between the two, is confirmed across the commercial field by commercial courts that took over from the DM, the Supreme court, and the banking and securities adjudicative committees.
Insolvency, Banking, the Stock Market
Authors: Mallat Chibli
Published: October 2022

Normalization through statutes drives the three business fields that the chapter focuses on: insolvency/bankruptcy, banking, and the stock market. I‘sar (indigence) and iflas (bankruptcy) are discussed in the context of statutory arrangements from the LCC of 1931 through to the Law of bankruptcy of 2018, which reorganized the field in a comprehensive manner. In banking, the issue of interest and its application in daily transactions and in court disputes is clarified, together with the limits on Islamic banking in the Kingdom. Tadawul, the stock exchange established in 2007, is then presented and discussed in light of an important set of cases decided by the Committee for the resolution of securities disputes (CRSD) and its appellate committee (ACRSD).
Constitutional Law
Authors: Mallat Chibli
Published: October 2022

The chapter describes the legal underpinnings of the absolute monarchy under the basic laws of government passed in 1992 and the iteration of Majlis al-shura, the parliament-like institution in the Kingdom. It underlines the difficulty for any opposition to overcome illegitimacy, briefly mentions regional policy, and devotes a long section to the succession (bay‘a) crisis that culminated in the Ritz arrests in November 2017. The Ritz episode is analyzed in the light of the constitutional and legal documents that accompanied the arrests and the charges of corruption leveled at the leading businessmen in the country.
Human Rights
Authors: Mallat Chibli
Published: October 2022

The government of Saudi Arabia stands accused of systematic violations of core human values defined universally. Dissent, capital punishment, homosexuality, and female subordination form the four clusters discussed in the chapter which examines, in turn, the basic texts outlawing any form of dissent; the support provided by the Council of senior scholars to the government; various reported and unreported judgments, including the Ra’if Badawi and the “Hunayn 24” cases. The analysis then turns to capital punishment and the repression of homosexuality and queerness. A final section examines the legal subordination of women, both in the light of Ministry of justice documents and the CEDAW treaty to which Saudi Arabia is a party.
Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Noble James M.
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on the second most common cause of dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies. The changes seen in dementia with Lewy bodies are similar to the microscopic changes seen in Parkinson’s disease but occur in different brain regions. Dementia with Lewy bodies presents as a mix of cognitive, behavioral, and, in particular, physical changes that help distinguish it from other forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease. Parkinsonism is most often seen in Parkinson’s disease but is also a hallmark of dementia with Lewy bodies. Meanwhile, neuropsychological testing shows that patients with dementia with Lewy bodies tend to have more executive or visuospatial problems than those with Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia with Lewy bodies has two other distinctive features: hallucinations and dramatic changes in sleep. The chapter then considers diagnostic testing for dementia with Lewy bodies.