bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metronomic Chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil and Cisplatin for Inoperable Malignant Bowel Obstruction Because of Peritoneal Dissemination from Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yang S. , Li S. , Yu H. , Li S. , Liu W. , Liu X. , Ma H.
Published: June 2016

Background: Gastric cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Malignant bowel obstruction (mbo) is a common complication in advanced gastric cancer because of peritoneal dissemination. A multicentre prospective study reported that patients with peritoneal dissemination of gastric origin survive for a median of 3.1 months. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the efficacy and safety of metronomic combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in inoperable mbo from peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. Methods: Gastric cancer patients diagnosed with inoperable mbo because of peritoneal dissemination were treated with infusional 5-fluorouracil 300 mg/m2 daily on days 1–5 and 8–12, and cisplatin 5 mg/m2 daily on days 1–4 and 8–11 every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was symptom control (remission of obstruction); the secondary endpoint was symptom control time and survival; the tertiary endpoint was adverse effects. Results: Between January 2013 and December 2014, 26 patients received the study treatment. Before treatment, 18 patients (69.2%) were nil per os, and 8 (30.8%) could consume liquids. After a mean of 3.3 cycles of the study treatment, just 4 patients (15.4%) was still nil per os. Of the remaining 22 patients, 3 (11.5%) could consume liquids, 7 (26.9%) could consume soft solids, and 12 (46.2%) ate a full diet. The improved ability to eat was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Median duration of remission from mbo was 105 days. Median survival was 182 days. The 3-month survival rate was 69.2%, and the 6-month survival rate was 53.8%. Treatment was well tolerated, with grade iii toxicities consisting of thrombocytopenia in 1 patient (3.84%) and mucositis in 2 patients (7.7%). No abnormalities in serum creatinine were observed. Conclusions: Metronomic combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin is well tolerated and shows activity in inoperable mbo because of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. Metronomic combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin provides a rationale for exploring this medical problem in the future.
Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer: Principles of Care
Authors: Ramphal R. , Aubin S. , Czaykowski P. , De Pauw S. , Johnson A. , McKillop S. , Szwajcer D. , Wilkins K. , Rogers P.
Published: June 2016

Adolescents and young adults (AYAS) with cancer in active treatment face a number of barriers to optimal care. In the present article, we focus on the 3 critical domains of care for ayas—medical, psychosocial, and research—and how changes to the system could overcome barriers. We summarize the current literature, outline recommended principles of care, raise awareness of barriers to optimal care, and suggest specific changes to the system to overcome those barriers in the Canadian context. Many of the recommendations can nevertheless be applied universally. These recommendations are endorsed by the Canadian Task Force on Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer and build on outcomes from two international workshops held by that group.
Improving Patient Flow and Timeliness in the Diagnosis and Management of Breast Abnormalities: The Impact of a Rapid Diagnostic Unit
Authors: Racz J.M. , Holloway C.M.B. , Huang W. , Hong N.J. Look
Published: June 2016

Background: Efforts to streamline the diagnosis and treatment of breast abnormalities are necessary to limit patient anxiety and expedite care. In the present study, we examined the effect of a rapid diagnostic unit (rdu) on wait times to clinical investigations and definitive treatment. Methods: A retrospective before–after series, each considering a 1-year period, examined consecutive patients with suspicious breast lesions before and after initiation of the rdu. Patient consultations, clinical investigations, and lesion characteristics were captured from time of patient referral to initiation of definitive treatment. Outcomes included time (days) to clinical investigations, to delivery of diagnosis, and to management. Groups were compared using the Fisher exact test or Student t-test. Results: The non-rdu group included 287 patients with 164 invasive breast carcinomas. The rdu group included 260 patients with 154 invasive carcinomas. The rdu patients had more single visits for biopsy (92% rdu vs. 78% non-rdu, p < 0.0001). The rdu group also had a significantly shorter wait time from initial consultation to delivery of diagnosis (mean: 2.1 days vs. 16.7 days, p = 0.0001) and a greater chance of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (37% vs. 24%, p = 0.0106). Overall time from referral to management remained statistically unchanged (mean: 53 days with the rdu vs. 50 days without the rdu, p = 0.3806). Conclusions: Introduction of a rdu appears to reduce wait times to definitive diagnosis, but not to treatment initiation, suggesting that obstacles to care delivery can occur at several points along the diagnostic trajectory. Multipronged efforts to reduce system-related delays to definitive treatment are needed.
Smoking Behaviours of Current Cancer Patients in Canada
Authors: Liu J. , Chadder J. , Fung S. , Lockwood G. , Rahal R. , Halligan M. , Mowat D. , Bryant H.
Published: June 2016

Evidence shows that continued smoking by cancer patients leads to adverse treatment outcomes and affects survival. Smoking diminishes treatment effectiveness, exacerbates side effects, and increases the risk of developing additional complications. Patients who continue to smoke also have a higher risk of developing a second primary cancer or experiencing a cancer recurrence, both of which ultimately contribute to poorer quality of life and poorer survival. Here, we present a snapshot of smoking behaviours of current cancer patients compared with the non-cancer patient population in Canada. Minimal differences in smoking behaviours were noted between current cancer patients and the rest of the population. Based on 2011–2014 data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, 1 in 5 current cancer patients (20.1%) reported daily or occasional smoking. That estimate is comparable to findings in the surveyed non-cancer patient population, of whom 19.3% reported smoking daily or occasionally. Slightly more male cancer patients than female cancer patients identified as current smokers. A similar distribution was observed in the non-cancer patient population. There is an urgent need across Canada to better support cancer patients in quitting smoking. As a result, the quality of patient care will improve, as will cancer treatment and survival outcomes, and quality of life for these patients.
NeoPHOX – a structurally tunable ligand system for asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Padevět Jaroslav , Schrems Marcus G , Scheil Robin , Pfaltz Andreas
Published: June 2016

A synthesis of new NeoPHOX ligands derived from serine or threonine has been developed. The central intermediate is a NeoPHOX derivative bearing a methoxycarbonyl group at the stereogenic center next to the oxazoline N atom. The addition of methylmagnesium chloride leads to a tertiary alcohol, which can be acylated or silylated to produce NeoPHOX ligands with different sterical demand. The new NeoPHOX ligands were tested in the iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation and palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution. In both reactions high enantioselectivities were achieved, that were comparable to the enantioselectivities obtained with the up to now best NeoPHOX ligand derived from expensive tert-leucine.
Constitutive models of pavement asphaltic layers based on mixture compositions
Authors: ZBICIAK Artur , BRZEZIŃSKI Karol , MICHALCZYK Rafał
Published: June 2016

The design of flexible and semi-rigid pavements by applying mechanistic-empirical methods involves the determination of the stress and strain states in accordance with the assumptions of continuum mechanics. Advanced computational models should take into account the rheological properties of asphalt layers. Precise identification of visco-elastic parameters of asphalt aggregate mixtures requires a lot of expensive laboratory experiments. The objective of this paper is to propose a new method allowing the identification of visco-elastic constitutive parameters based only on the mixture composition. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is exemplified in the paper by numerical calcu­lations. Two linear rheological models were analyzed: the classical Burgers model and the Huet-Sayegh model described by fractional derivatives. Constitutive parameters of both models were obtained from the appropriate optimization algo­rithms and numerical techniques for determining inverse Laplace transforms.
THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION AND DIVERSIFICATION ON CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE
Authors: HORTA Isabel M. , KAPELKO Magdalena , LANSINK Alfons OUDE , CAMANHO Ana S.
Published: June 2016

This paper investigates the impact of internationalization and diversification strategies on the financial performance of construction industry companies. The results obtained can guide the design of strategies to pursue company growth and achieve competitive advantage. The evaluation of companies’ performance is based on the use of the Data Envelopment Analysis technique to aggregate financial indicators using optimized weights. The impact of internationalization and diversification on company performance is explored using truncated regression, controlling for the effect of contextual factors such as company age, size and time. Data Envelopment Analysis and truncated regression were complemented with bootstrapping to ensure the robustness of the results obtained. The activity of Portuguese and Spanish contractors in the period 2002 to 2011 is used as case study. The empirical results show that internationalization has a positive impact on financial performance, although this effect is only statistically significant for Spanish contractors. Diversification has a nonlinear relationship with performance, benefiting companies with either a small number of core activities or companies with a broad scope of activities.
Faire face. Introduction
Authors: Desbarats Carole
Published: June 2016

Produire des images de manière responsable, c’est permettre l’exercice de l’esprit critique.
Voir et penser
Authors: Hirschhorn Thomas , Desbarats Carole
Published: June 2016

Nous devons tout voir avec nos propres yeux, y compris les images de cadavres, pour casser les icônes journalistiques et se confronter au monde tel qu’il est.
Des vies en images
Authors: Labourdette Benoît
Published: June 2016

Les smartphones et les plates-formes numériques ont démocratisé les capacités d’enregistrer et de diffuser des images amateur. D’outils de mémoire, elles sont devenues outils de conversation et de partage, changement qui doit être accompagné par des actions pédagogiques.
Les habitudes alimentaires des Français
Authors: de Saint Pol Thibaut
Published: June 2016

Malgré les modifications de nos habitudes alimentaires, la fonction sociale du repas demeure, en France comme ailleurs, un élément fondamental de la vie quotidienne.
Inégalités de retraite entre les hommes et les femmes dans le privé et le public : une analyse des distributions
Authors: Bonnet Carole , Meurs Dominique , Rapoport Benoît
Published: June 2016

Les retraites de droit direct des femmes représentent en moyenne un peu plus de la moitié de celles des hommes dans le secteur privé, les quatre cinquièmes dans la fonction publique. À partir de l’échantillon interrégimes des retraités 2008, nous montrons que les différences de salaires de référence et de durées expliquent ces écarts, avec un poids variable le long de la distribution. Les plus faibles durées de carrière des femmes jouent pour les revenus les plus faibles, les salaires pour les deux tiers des plus hauts revenus. Les dispositifs de minimum de pension atténuent les écarts de retraites pour le cinquième des revenus les plus faibles. Nous étudions ensuite les inégalités de retraite parmi les hommes et parmi les femmes. Les dispersions des retraites sont plus fortes dans le privé que dans le public, et du même ordre de grandeur dans chaque secteur pour les hommes et les femmes. La dispersion des retraites des femmes est expliquée à la fois par la diversité des salaires de référence et des durées validées, tandis que ce sont principalement les salaires qui comptent pour les hommes.
La loi du 20 août 2008 et les fondements de la représentation syndicale
Authors: Hege Adelheid , Dufour Christian , Kahmann Marcus
Published: June 2016

Comment la loi de 2008 sur la représentativité syndicale intervient-elle dans l’activité des représentants salariés en entreprises ? Une enquête sociologique menée cinq ans après l’introduction de la loi montre qu’elle a accéléré la disparition de délégués mal implantés. Mais elle n’a pas consolidé les délégués restants. Ces derniers intègrent l’élimination des plus faibles dans l’histoire longue de la perte d’influence du syndicalisme. Les lieux de négociation se centralisent loin des zones d’influence des délégués élus. La performance négociatrice des délégués syndicaux centraux est peu lisible localement. Les délégués locaux, comme les responsables des ressources humaines, considèrent avec scepticisme la pérennité des équipes de représentants. L’institutionnalisation par la loi ne remplace pas la dynamique syndicale, pour susciter des vocations représentatives ou pour refonder la représentativité syndicale.
La transmission des langues et cultures à Mayotte. Enjeux identitaires pour la famille et l’école
Authors: Laroussi Foued
Published: June 2016

Une natalité en pleine croissance, une immigration massive en provenance des îles voisines et un rattachement définitif à la France ont radicalement modifié le paysage culturel et linguistique de l’île de Mayotte, petite île de l’océan Indien. Ces facteurs ont eu un impact direct sur la transmission des langues qui s’explique a priori moins par une logique intergénérationnelle que par des critères socioéconomiques. Se fondant sur les résultats d’enquêtes quantitatives et qualitatives (interviews de parents d’élèves mahorais), le texte montre que la transmission des langues au sein de la famille et leur enseignement à l’école n’obéissent pas à la même logique et ne sont pas sous-tendus par les mêmes raisons. Les résultats soulignent la complexité de la situation linguistique de Mayotte où les discours intergénérationnels relatifs à la transmission des langues premières (shimaore et kibushi) sont constamment influencés par des représentations sociales dominantes qui, en tant que reflets de normes et de valeurs sociales, sont en construction permanente.
Transmission des valeurs à La Réunion sur trois générations d’hommes ou de femmes, catholiques ou hindoues
Authors: Pithon Gérard , Ponin Randjani
Published: June 2016

L’île de La Réunion est un lieu propice pour étudier la transmission des valeurs de générations en générations au sein de cultures différentes. 114 personnes (catholiques ou hindoues), soit 38 triades unisexuées masculines ou féminines (adolescents, parents et grands-parents), ont renseigné le Questionnaire des Valeurs par Portraits de Schwartz (1992) portant sur dix valeurs fondamentales. Cette typologie constitue un système qui peut évoluer selon le temps et les groupes considérés. Il est relativement stable concernant le groupe de catholiques de l’échantillon étudié. Celui des hindous connaît une rupture : grands-parents et parents semblent préférer les valeurs collectives de continuité (tradition, conformité) tandis que les adolescents sont plus attirés par les valeurs individuelles d’ouverture au changement (hédonisme, autonomie). Une logique d’assimilation pourrait caractériser le système de valeurs des adolescents hindous, qui se rapproche de celui des catholiques, communauté la plus ancienne et nombreuse sur l’île.
Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: Whyte Noelle S.B. , Bielski Robert J.
Published: June 2016

This article discusses the most common organisms associated with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children. Magnetic resonance imaging is extremely important in evaluating the extent of the disease process. Osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
can be extremely difficult to treat and eradicate. It spreads quickly and causes local tissue necrosis. It is also associated with other serious sequelae such as deep venous thrombosis and septic pulmonary emboli. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to treat these infections. Hospital stays are often lengthy, complications are frequent, and patients are often critically ill.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(6):e204–e208.]
La caverna iluminada: una singular lámpara gravetiense arroja luz sobre el arte parietal de la cueva de La Pileta (Benaoján, Málaga)
Authors: Cortés Sánchez Miguel , Simón Vallejo María Dolores , Morales-Muñiz Arturo , Lozano Francisco Mª Carmen , Vera Peláez José L. , Odriozola Lloret Carlos
Published: June 2016

En este trabajo presentamos el estudio arqueológico, paleontológico, tafonómico, cronológico y geoquímico de una valva de ostra hallada en la cueva de La Pileta. El ejemplar procede de depósitos fosilíferos neógenos distantes más de 10 km del yacimiento. Una vez adaptada, la concha fue empleada como lámpara portátil. La cronología 14C/AMS de la costra carbonatada que sellaba la cubeta nos remite al periodo Gravetiense. Según diversos indicios en la lámpara, durante su vida útil se procesaron o almacenaron pigmentos. Los datos aportados informan sobre la dispersión del simbolismo del Paleolítico Superior Inicial hasta el extremo sudoccidental europeo, así mismo, suma nuevos elementos al debate sobre la existencia de una fase presolutrense en el arte parietal de La Pileta y, por ende, de todo el sur de la Península Ibérica.
Regulatory T Cell–Dependent and –Independent Mechanisms of Immune Suppression by CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L Costimulation Blockade
Authors: Vogel Isabel , Verbinnen Bert , Van Gool Stefaan , Ceuppens Jan L.
Published: June 2016

Blocking of costimulatory CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L interactions is an experimental approach to immune suppression and tolerance induction. We previously reported that administration of a combination of CTLA-4Ig and MR1 (anti-CD40L mAb) for blockade of these interactions induces tolerance in a fully mismatched allogeneic splenocyte transfer model in mice. We now used this model to study whether regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to immune suppression and why both pathways have to be blocked simultaneously. Mice were injected with allogeneic splenocytes, CD4+ T cells, or CD8+ T cells and treated with MR1 mAb and different doses of CTLA-4Ig. The graft-versus-host reaction of CD4+ T cells, but not of CD8+ T cells, was inhibited by MR1. CTLA-4Ig was needed to cover CD8+ T cells but had only a weak effect on CD4+ T cells. Consequently, only the combination provided full protection when splenocytes were transferred. Importantly, MR1 and low-dose CTLA-4Ig treatment resulted in a relative increase in Tregs, and immune suppressive efficacy was abolished in the absence of Tregs. High-dose CTLA-4Ig treatment, in contrast, prevented Treg expansion and activity, and in combination with MR1 completely inhibited CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation in a Treg-independent manner. In conclusion, MR1 and CTLA-4Ig act synergistically as they target different T cell populations. The contribution of Tregs to immune suppression by costimulation blockade depends on the concentration of CTLA-4Ig and thus on the degree of available CD28 costimulation.
Hepatitis B Virus and DNA Stimulation Trigger a Rapid Innate Immune Response through NF-κB
Authors: Yoneda Masato , Hyun Jinhee , Jakubski Silvia , Saito Satoru , Nakajima Atsushi , Schiff Eugene R. , Thomas Emmanuel
Published: June 2016

Cell-intrinsic innate immunity provides a rapid first line of defense to thwart invading viral pathogens through the production of antiviral and inflammatory genes. However, the presence of many of these signaling pathways in the liver and their role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) pathogenesis is unknown. Recent identification of intracellular DNA-sensing pathways and involvement in numerous diverse disease processes including viral pathogenesis and carcinogenesis suggest a role for these processes in HBV infection. To characterize HBV-intrinsic innate immune responses and the role of DNA- and RNA-sensing pathways in the liver, we used in vivo and in vitro models including analysis of gene expression in liver biopsies from HBV-infected patients. In addition, mRNA and protein expression were measured in HBV-stimulated and DNA-treated hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. In this article, we report that HBV and foreign DNA stimulation results in innate immune responses characterized by the production of inflammatory chemokines in hepatocytes. Analysis of liver biopsies from HBV-infected patients supported a correlation among hepatic expression of specific chemokines. In addition, HBV elicits a much broader range of gene expression alterations. The induction of chemokines, including CXCL10, is mediated by melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 and NF-κB–dependent pathways after HBV stimulation. In conclusion, HBV-stimulated pathways predominantly activate an inflammatory response that would promote the development of hepatitis. Understanding the mechanism underlying these virus–host interactions may provide new strategies to trigger noncytopathic clearance of covalently closed circular DNA to ultimately cure patients with HBV infection.
Plankton food-webs: to what extent can they be simplified?
Authors: D'Alelio Domenico , Montresor Marina , Mazzocchi Maria Grazia , Margiotta Francesca , Sarno Diana , Ribeira d'Alcalà Maurizio
Published: June 2016

Plankton is a hugely diverse community including both unicellular and multicellular organisms, whose individual dimensions span over seven orders of magnitude. Plankton is a fundamental part of biogeochemical cycles and food-webs in aquatic systems. While knowledge has progressively accumulated at the level of single species and single trophic processes, the overwhelming biological diversity of plankton interactions is insufficiently known and a coherent and unifying trophic framework is virtually lacking. We performed an extensive review of the plankton literature to provide a compilation of data suitable for implementing food-web models including plankton trophic processes at high taxonomic resolution. We identified the components of the plankton community at the Long Term Ecological Research Station MareChiara in the Gulf of Naples. These components represented the sixty-three nodes of a plankton food-web. To each node we attributed biomass and vital rates, i.e. production, consumption, assimilation rates and ratio between autotrophy and heterotrophy in mixotrophic protists. Biomasses and rates values were defined for two opposite system’s conditions; relatively eutrophic and oligotrophic states. We finally identified 817 possible trophic links within the web and provided each of them with a relative weight, in order to define a diet-matrix, valid for both trophic states, which included all consumers, fromn anoflagellates to carnivorous plankton. Vital rates for plankton resulted, as expected, very wide; this strongly contrasts with the narrow ranges considered in plankton system models implemented so far. Moreover, the amount and variety of trophic links highlighted by our review is largely excluded by state-of-the-art biogeochemical and food-web models for aquatic systems. Plankton models could potentially benefit from the integration of the trophic diversity outlined in this paper: first, by using more realistic rates; second, by better defining trophic roles of consumers in the planktonic web. We suggest that most trophic habits present in planktonic organisms must be contemplated in new generation plankton models.
Morphofunctional compensation of masseter muscles in unilateral posterior crossbite patients
Authors: Cutroneo G. , Vermiglio G. , Centofanti A. , Rizzo G. , Runci M. , Favaloro A. , Piancino M.G. , Bracco P. , Ramieri G. , Bianchi F. , Speciale F. , Arco A. , Trimarchi F.
Published: June 2016

Unilateral posterior crossbite is a widespread, asymmetric malocclusion characterized by an inverse relationship of the upper and lower buccal dental cusps, in the molar and premolar regions, on one side only of the dental arch. Patients with unilateral posterior crossbite exhibit an altered chewing cycles and the crossbite side masseter results to be less active with respect to the contralateral one. Few studies about morphological features of masticatory muscle in malocclusion disorders exist and most of these have been performed on animal models. The aim of the present study was to evaluate morphological and protein expression characteristics of masseter muscles in patients affected by unilateral posterior crossbite, by histological and immunofluorescence techniques. We have used antibody against PAX-7, marker of satellite cells, and against Î±-, Î²-, Î³-, Î´-, Îµ- and Î¶-sarcoglycans which are transmembrane glycoproteins involved in sarcolemma stabilization. By statistical analysis we have evaluated differences in amount of myonucley between contralateral and ipsilateral side. Results have shown: i) altered fibers morphology and atrophy of ipsilateral muscle if compared to the contralateral one; ii) higher number of myonuclei and PAX-7 positive cells in contralateral side than ipsilateral one; iii) higher pattern of fluorescence for all tested sarcoglycans in contralateral side than ipsilateral one. Results show that in unilateral posterior crossbite hypertrophic response of contralateral masseter and atrophic events in ipsilateral masseter take place; by that, in unilateral posterior crossbite malocclusion masticatory muscles modify their morphology depending on the function. That could be relevant in understanding and healing of malocclusion disorders; in fact, the altered balance about structure and function between ipsilateral and contralateral muscles could, long-term, lead and/ or worsen skeletal asymmetries.
Screening for Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the United States: The Present and the Future
Authors: Abid Ayesha , Ahmad Shahla , Waheed Abdul
Published: June 2016

The number of individuals being diagnosed with type II diabetes in the United States is increasing. The screening tests for diabetes are able to detect the vast majority of diabetics. However, they do not represent the high-risk individuals who may be prone to diabetes at an earlier age. This brief communication looks at the current screening practices and the gaps in the guidelines.
Developing and Testing Twelve-Step Facilitation for Adolescents with Substance Use Disorder: Manual Development and Preliminary Outcomes
Authors: Kelly John F. , Yeterian Julie D. , Cristello Julie V. , Kaminer Yifrah , Kahler Christopher W. , Timko Christine
Published: June 2016

Adolescent substance use disorder treatment programs are often based on the 12-step philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous and/or link adolescents to these free resources. Despite this, no studies have developed and rigorously tested a twelve-step facilitation (TSF) intervention for young people, leaving a significant evidence gap. This study describes the first systematic development of an outpatient adolescent TSF treatment. An integrated twelve-step facilitation (iTSF) treatment incorporated TSF, motivational enhancement therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy elements and was developed in an iterative manner with weekly feedback provided by 36 adolescents ( Mage 17 years [SD = 1.4]; 52.8% white) with DSM-IV substance use disorder recruited from the community. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at three and six months. Participants completed 6 of 10 sessions on average (8 participants completed all 10). Notable treatment developments were the inclusion of “in-services” led by Marijuana Anonymous members, including parents in a portion of individual sessions to provide a rationale for TSF, and use of a Socratic therapeutic interaction style. Acceptability and feasibility of the treatment were excellent (treatment satisfaction was 4.29 [SD = 0.59] out of 5). In keeping with TSF theory, the intervention substantially increased 12-step participation, and greater participation related to greater abstinence. iTSF is a replicable manualized treatment that can be implemented and tested in outpatient settings. Given the widespread compatibility of iTSF with the current adolescent treatment, if found efficacious, iTSF could be relatively easily adopted, implemented, and sustained and could provide an evidence-based option that could undergird current practice.
Ghosts and Strong Ghosts in the Stable Category
Authors: Carlson Jon F. , Chebolu Sunil K. , Mináč Ján
Published: June 2016

Suppose that G is a finite group and k is a field of characteristic p > 0. A ghost map is a map in the stable category of finitely generated kG-modules which induces the zero map in Tate cohomology in all degrees. In an earlier paper we showed that the thick subcategory generated by the trivial module has no nonzero ghost maps if and only if the Sylow p-subgroup of G is cyclic of order 2 or 3. In this paper we introduce and study variations of ghost maps. In particular, we consider the behavior of ghost maps under restriction and induction functors. We find all groups satisfying a strong form of Freyd’s generating hypothesis and show that ghosts can be detected on a finite range of degrees of Tate cohomology. We also consider maps that mimic ghosts in high degrees.
The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 Statement
Authors: Tate Robyn L. , Perdices Michael , Rosenkoetter Ulrike , Shadish William , Vohra Sunita , Barlow David H. , Horner Robert , Kazdin Alan , Kratochwill Thomas , McDonald Skye , Sampson Margaret , Shamseer Larissa , Togher Leanne , Albin Richard , Backman Catherine , Douglas Jacinta , Evans Jonathan J. , Gast David , Manolov Rumen , Mitchell Geoffrey , Nickels Lyndsey , Nikles Jane , Ownsworth Tamara , Rose Miranda , Schmid Christopher H. , Wilson Barbara
Published: June 2016

Reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, improve the reporting of research in the medical literature (Turner et al., 2012). Many such guidelines exist, and the CONSORT Extension to Nonpharmacological Trials (Boutron et al., 2008) provides suitable guidance for reporting between-groups intervention studies in the behavioral sciences. The CONSORT Extension for N-of-1 Trials (CENT 2015) was developed for multiple crossover trials with single individuals in the medical sciences (Shamseer et al., 2015; Vohra et al., 2015), but there is no reporting guideline in the CONSORT tradition for single-case research used in the behavioral sciences. We developed the Single-Case Reporting guideline In Behavioral interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 to meet this need. This Statement article describes the methodology of the development of the SCRIBE 2016, along with the outcome of 2 Delphi surveys and a consensus meeting of experts. We present the resulting 26-item SCRIBE 2016 checklist. The article complements the more detailed SCRIBE 2016 Explanation and Elaboration article (Tate et al., 2016) that provides a rationale for each of the items and examples of adequate reporting from the literature. Both these resources will assist authors to prepare reports of single-case research with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency. They will also provide journal reviewers and editors with a practical checklist against which such reports may be critically evaluated.
Tuning of a convective gravity wave source scheme based on HIRDLS observations
Authors: Trinh Quang Thai , Kalisch Silvio , Preusse Peter , Ern Manfred , Chun Hye-Yeong , Eckermann Stephen D. , Kang Min-Jee , Riese Martin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Convection as one dominant source of atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) has been the focus of investigation over recent years. However, its spatial and temporal forcing scales are not well known. In this work we address this open issue by a systematic verification of free parameters of the Yonsei convective GW source scheme based on observations from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS). The instrument can only see a limited portion of the gravity wave spectrum due to visibility effects and observation geometry. To allow for a meaningful comparison of simulated GWs to observations, a comprehensive filter, which mimics the instrument limitations, is applied to the simulated waves. By this approach, only long horizontal-scale convective GWs are addressed. Results show that spectrum, distribution of momentum flux, and zonal mean forcing of long horizontal-scale convective GWs can be successfully simulated by the superposition of three or four combinations of parameter sets reproducing the observed GW spectrum. These selected parameter sets are different for northern and southern summer. Although long horizontal-scale waves are only part of the full spectrum of convective GWs, the momentum flux of these waves is found to be significant and relevant for the driving of the QBO (quasi-biennial oscillation). The zonal momentum balance is considered in vertical cross sections of GW momentum flux (GWMF) and GW drag (GWD). Global maps of the horizontal distribution of GWMF are considered and consistency between simulated results and HIRDLS observations is found. The latitude dependence of the zonal phase speed spectrum of GWMF and its change with altitude is discussed.
Observation of regional air pollutant transport between the megacity Beijing and the North China Plain
Authors: Li Yingruo , Ye Chunxiang , Liu Jun , Zhu Yi , Wang Junxia , Tan Zhiqiang , Lin Weili , Zeng Limin , Zhu Tong
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Megacities have strong interactions with the surrounding regions through transport of air pollutants. It has been frequently addressed that the air quality of Beijing was influenced by the influx of air pollutants from the North China Plain (NCP). However, estimations of air pollutant transport between megacities and surrounding regions using long–term observations are very limited. Using the observational results of the gaseous pollutants SO2, NO, NO2, O3, and CO from August 2006 to October 2008 at the Yufa site, a rural site south of Beijing, together with meteorological parameters, we evaluated the transport flux between Beijing and the NCP, as part of the “Campaign of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Region 2006–2008” (CAREBeijing 2006–2008). The bivariate polar plots showed the dependence of pollutant concentrations on both wind speed and wind direction, and thus inferred their dominant transport directions. Surface flux calculations further demonstrated the transport directions and the seasonal variations in the cumulative transport strengths. The cumulative transport strengths of SO2, NO, NO2, NOx (NOx = NO +  NO2), O3, Ox (Ox = O3 + NO2), and CO were 92.6, –62.2, –8.9, –71.0, 217.3, 213.8, and 1038.1 mg s−1 m−2 during the observation period, respectively. For SO2, CO, and O3, the transport fluxes were from the NCP to Beijing in all seasons except winter, with the strongest fluxes largely in summer. The transport flux of NOx was from Beijing to the NCP except in summer, with the strongest flux in winter. Finally, our analysis suggests a profound influence of regional transport between Beijing and the NCP on the air quality of the megacity Beijing. Our study also suggested that various factors, such as the wind field, emission inventory, and photochemical reactions, could influence the transport of air pollutants between Beijing and the NCP. Therefore, both local emission reduction and regional cooperation must be considered in air quality management of the megacity Beijing.
Tropospheric temperature retrievals using nonlinear calibration functions in the pure rotational Raman lidar technique
Authors: Zuev Vladimir V. , Gerasimov Vladislav V. , Pravdin Vladimir L. , Pavlinskiy Aleksei V. , Nakhtigalova Daria P.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Among lidar techniques for temperature measurements, the pure rotational Raman (PRR) technique is the best-suited for tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperature profiling. Calibration functions play a key role in the temperature retrieval algorithm from backscattered signals using the PRR lidar technique. The temperature retrieval accuracy and number of calibration coefficients depend on the selected calibration function. The commonly used calibration function linear in reciprocal temperature ignores the broadening of individual atmospheric N2 and O2 PRR lines and, at the same time, yields significant errors (±1 K) in temperature retrievals. However, the collisional (or pressure) broadening of N2 and O2 PRR lines dominates over other types of broadening in the troposphere, and therefore, cannot be neglected during tropospheric temperature measurements. Gerasimov and Zuev (2016) derived mathematically a calibration function in the general analytical form that takes into account the collisional broadening of all N2 and O2 PRR lines. Nevertheless, this general calibration function represents an infinite series and cannot be directly used in the temperature retrieval algorithm. Therefore, four simplest nonlinear special cases (having three calibration coefficients) of the function, two of which have not been suggested before, were considered and analyzed, and the best calibration function among them was determined via simulation. In this paper, we apply these special cases to real lidar remote sensing data, because all the functions take into account the collisional PRR lines broadening in varying degrees. The best-suited calibration function for tropospheric temperature retrievals is determined from the comparative analysis of temperature uncertainties yielded by using these functions. The absolute and relative statistical uncertainties of temperature retrieval are given in an analytical form assuming Poisson statistics of photon counting. The vertical tropospheric temperature profiles, retrieved from nighttime lidar measurements in Tomsk (56.48° N, 85.05° E, Western Siberia, Russia) on 2 October 2014 and 1 April 2015, are presented as an example of the calibration functions application. The measurements were performed using a PRR lidar designed in the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for tropospheric temperature measurements.
Dynamics of green and blue water flows and their controlling factors in Heihe River basin of northwestern China
Authors: Luo Kaisheng , Tao Fulu
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Climate variation will affect hydrological cycle, as well as the availability of water resources. In spite of large progresses have been made in the dynamics of hydrological cycle variables, the dynamics and drivers of blue water flow, green water flow and total flow (three flows), as well as the proportion of green water (GWC), in the past and future at county scale, were scarcely investigated. In this study, taking the Heihe River basin in China as an example, we investigated the dynamics of green and blue water flows and their controlling factors during 1980–2009 using five statistical approaches and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We found that there were large variations in the dynamics of green and blue water flows during 1980–2009 at the county scale. Three flows in all counties showed an increasing trend except Jiayuguan and Jianta county. The GWC showed a downward trend in the Qilian, Suzhou, Shandan, Linze and Gaotai counties, but an upward trend in the Mingle, Sunan, Jinta, Jiayuguan, Ganzhou and Ejilaqi counties. In all the counties, the three flows and GWC had strong persistent trends in the future, which are mainly ascribed to rainfall variation. In the Qilian and Shandan counties, rainfall was the major controlling factor for the three flows and GWC. Rainfall controlled the green water and total flows in the Mingle, Linze and Gaotai counties; green water flow and GWC in the Suzhou county; green water flow, total flow and GWC in the Jinta and Ejilaqi counties. Our results also showed that the "Heihe River basin allocation project" had significant influences on the abrupt changes of the flows above-mentioned. Our results illustrate the status of the water resources at county scale, providing a reference for water resources management of inland river basins.
EVALUATION OF ASTER GDEM V3 USING ICESAT LASER ALTIMETRY
Authors: Carabajal C. C. , Boy J.-P.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. We have used a set of Ground Control Points (GCPs) derived from altimetry measurements from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) to evaluate the quality of the 30 m posting ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) V3 elevation products produced by NASA/METI for Greenland and Antarctica. These data represent the highest quality globally distributed altimetry measurements that can be used for geodetic ground control, selected by applying rigorous editing criteria, useful at high latitudes, where other topographic control is scarce. Even if large outliers still remain in all ASTER GDEM V3 data for both, Greenland and Antarctica, they are significantly reduced when editing ASTER by number of scenes (N≥5) included in the elevation processing. For 667,354 GCPs in Greenland, differences show a mean of 13.74 m, a median of -6.37 m, with an RMSE of 109.65 m. For Antarctica, 6,976,703 GCPs show a mean of 0.41 m, with a median of -4.66 m, and a 54.85 m RMSE, displaying smaller means, similar medians, and less scatter than GDEM V2. Mean and median differences between ASTER and ICESat are lower than 10 m, and RMSEs lower than 10 m for Greenland, and 20 m for Antarctica when only 9 to 31 scenes are included.
A NEAR-GLOBAL BARE-EARTH DEM FROM SRTM
Authors: Gallant J. C. , Read A. M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The near-global elevation product from NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) has been widely used since its release in 2005 at 3 arcsecond resolution and the release of the 1 arcsecond version in late 2014 means that the full potential of the SRTM DEM can now be realised. However the routine use of SRTM for analytical purposes such as catchment hydrology, flood inundation, habitat mapping and soil mapping is still seriously impeded by the presence of artefacts in the data, primarily the offsets due to tree cover and the random noise. This paper describes the algorithms being developed to remove those offsets, based on the methods developed to produce the Australian national elevation model from SRTM data. The offsets due to trees are estimated using the GlobeLand30 (National Geomatics Center of China) and Global Forest Change (University of Maryland) products derived from Landsat, along with the ALOS PALSAR radar image data (JAXA) and the global forest canopy height map (NASA). The offsets are estimated using several processes and combined to produce a single continuous tree offset layer that is subtracted from the SRTM data. The DEM products will be made freely available on completion of the first draft product, and the assessment of that product is expected to drive further improvements to the methods.
VALIDATION OF THE ASTER GLOBAL DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL VERSION 3 OVER THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES
Authors: Gesch D. , Oimoen M. , Danielson J. , Meyer D.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model Version 3 (GDEM v3) was evaluated over the conterminous United States in a manner similar to the validation conducted for the original GDEM Version 1 (v1) in 2009 and GDEM Version 2 (v2) in 2011. The absolute vertical accuracy of GDEM v3 was calculated by comparison with more than 23,000 independent reference geodetic ground control points from the U.S. National Geodetic Survey. The root mean square error (RMSE) measured for GDEM v3 is 8.52 meters. This compares with the RMSE of 8.68 meters for GDEM v2. Another important descriptor of vertical accuracy is the mean error, or bias, which indicates if a DEM has an overall vertical offset from true ground level. The GDEM v3 mean error of −1.20 meters reflects an overall negative bias in GDEM v3. The absolute vertical accuracy assessment results, both mean error and RMSE, were segmented by land cover type to provide insight into how GDEM v3 performs in various land surface conditions. While the RMSE varies little across cover types (6.92 to 9.25 meters), the mean error (bias) does appear to be affected by land cover type, ranging from −2.99 to +4.16 meters across 14 land cover classes. These results indicate that in areas where built or natural aboveground features are present, GDEM v3 is measuring elevations above the ground level, a condition noted in assessments of previous GDEM versions (v1 and v2) and an expected condition given the type of stereo-optical image data collected by ASTER. GDEM v3 was also evaluated by differencing with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) dataset. In many forested areas, GDEM v3 has elevations that are higher in the canopy than SRTM. The overall validation effort also included an evaluation of the GDEM v3 water mask. In general, the number of distinct water polygons in GDEM v3 is much lower than the number in a reference land cover dataset, but the total areas compare much more closely.
THE FUNDAMENTAL SPATIAL DATA IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REGISTERS
Authors: Čada V. , Janečka K.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The system of basic registers was launched in the Czech Republic in 2012. The system provides a unique solution to centralize and keep actual most common and widely used information as a part of the eGovernment. The basic registers are the central information source for information systems of public authorities. In October 2014, the Czech government approved the conception of The Strategy for the Development of the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the Czech Republic to 2020 (GeoInfoStrategy) that serves as a basis for the NSDI. The paper describes the challenges in building the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in the Czech Republic with focus on the fundamental spatial data and related basic registers. The GeoInfoStrategy should also contribute to increasing of the competitiveness of the economy. Therefore the paper also reflects the Directive 2014/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on measures to reduce the cost of deploying high-speed electronic communication networks. The Directive states that citizens as well as the private and public sectors must have the opportunity to be part of the digital economy. A high quality digital infrastructure underpins virtually all sectors of a modern and innovative economy. To ensure a development of such infrastructure in the Czech Republic, the Register of passive infrastructure providing information on the features of passive infrastructure has to be established.