bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of dart-delivered PZP-22 immunocontraceptive vaccine in wild horses (Equus caballus) in baited traps in New Mexico, USA
Authors: Carey Kathleen A. , Ortiz Alexa , Grams Kayla , Elkins Dan , Turner Jr John W. , Rutberg Allen T.
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Context Federally protected wild horses on public lands are undergoing population growth that overwhelms the historical management strategy of removal and adoption. Porcine zona pellucida (PZP) has been used as an injectable immunocontraceptive vaccine to induce reversible infertility in free-roaming horses. PZP vaccination during February and March, which is the optimal time for administering current vaccines, is not possible for the herd on Jarita Mesa Wild Horse Territory (JM WHT), New Mexico, due to severe weather, terrain and subject wariness.
AimsThe first goal was to assess bait trapping and remote darting as a minimally disruptive alternative to helicopter gathers for treatment. The second goal was to quantify the efficacy over 2 years following spring treatment with a single injection of PZP-22 (a combination of PZP-adjuvant emulsion and controlled-release pellets) by remote dart delivery.
Methods Bait trapping and dart delivery of PZP-22 was carried out on JM WHT from 4 April to 16 June 2012. The herd was observed in the summers of 2011, 2013 and 2014 to determine the foaling status of the study mares. Outcome (foal or no foal) as a function of treatment was analysed using Fisher’s exact test.
Key resultsThere were 157 individuals, including 66 females >1 year old, documented in 2011. In 2012, 26 females (including three yearlings) identified by colour and markings were bait trapped and darted with PZP-22. The proportion of treated females foaling was lower than that of untreated females in 2013 and 2014, but the difference was only significant in 2013. Of the treated mares observed in 2013, the two that foaled were the last two treated in 2012. Untreated mares >4 years old were significantly more likely to foal than younger mares.
Conclusions Bait trapping at JM WHT permitted successful delivery of PZP-22 in a previously inaccessible herd. Dart administration of PZP-22 in April–June induced at least 1 year of measurable infertility.
Implications This is the first demonstration of the efficacy of an initial treatment of PZP-22 delivered by dart instead of hand injection. Considerations for PZP-22 treatment include seasonal timing of treatments and age of treated mares. Treatments need to take place early enough to allow antibody titers to build to contraceptive levels before the breeding season.
Relief of talin autoinhibition triggers a force-independent association with vinculin
Authors: Atherton Paul , Lausecker Franziska , Carisey Alexandre , Gilmore Andrew , Critchley David , Barsukov Igor , Ballestrem Christoph
Published: December 2019

Talin, vinculin, and paxillin are core components of the dynamic link between integrins and actomyosin. Here, we study the mechanisms that mediate their activation and association using a mitochondrial-targeting assay, structure-based mutants, and advanced microscopy. As expected, full-length vinculin and talin are autoinhibited and do not interact with each other. However, contrary to previous models that propose a critical role for forces driving talin–vinculin association, our data show that force-independent relief of autoinhibition is sufficient to mediate their tight interaction. We also found that paxillin can bind to both talin and vinculin when either is inactive. Further experiments demonstrated that adhesions containing paxillin and vinculin can form without talin following integrin activation. However, these are largely deficient in exerting traction forces to the matrix. Our observations lead to a model whereby paxillin contributes to talin and vinculin recruitment into nascent adhesions. Activation of the talin–vinculin axis subsequently leads to the engagement with the traction force machinery and focal adhesion maturation.
An interphase contractile ring reshapes primordial germ cells to allow bulk cytoplasmic remodeling
Authors: Maniscalco Chelsea , Hall Allison E. , Nance Jeremy
Published: December 2019

Some cells discard undesired inherited components in bulk by forming large compartments that are subsequently eliminated. Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs) jettison mitochondria and cytoplasm by forming a large lobe that is cannibalized by intestinal cells. Although PGCs are nonmitotic, we find that lobe formation is driven by constriction of a contractile ring and requires the RhoGEF ECT-2, a RhoA activator also essential for cytokinesis. Whereas centralspindlin activates ECT-2 to promote cytokinetic contractile ring formation, we show that the ECT-2 regulator NOP-1, but not centralspindlin, is essential for PGC lobe formation. We propose that lobe contractile ring formation is locally inhibited by the PGC nucleus, which migrates to one side of the cell before the cytokinetic ring assembles on the opposite cortex. Our findings reveal how components of the cytokinetic contractile ring are reemployed during interphase to create compartments used for cellular remodeling, and they reveal differences in the spatial cues that dictate where the contractile ring will form.
Nanoscopy reveals the layered organization of the sarcomeric H-zone and I-band complexes
Authors: Szikora Szilárd , Gajdos Tamás , Novák Tibor , Farkas Dávid , Földi István , Lenart Peter , Erdélyi Miklós , Mihály József
Published: December 2019

Sarcomeres are extremely highly ordered macromolecular assemblies where structural organization is intimately linked to their functionality as contractile units. Although the structural basis of actin and Myosin interaction is revealed at a quasiatomic resolution, much less is known about the molecular organization of the I-band and H-zone. We report the development of a powerful nanoscopic approach, combined with a structure-averaging algorithm, that allowed us to determine the position of 27 sarcomeric proteins in Drosophila melanogaster flight muscles with a quasimolecular, ∼5- to 10-nm localization precision. With this protein localization atlas and template-based protein structure modeling, we have assembled refined I-band and H-zone models with unparalleled scope and resolution. In addition, we found that actin regulatory proteins of the H-zone are organized into two distinct layers, suggesting that the major place of thin filament assembly is an M-line–centered narrow domain where short actin oligomers can form and subsequently anneal to the pointed end.
LE COMPLEXE MEMBRANAIRE SUPERFICIEL ET SON EVOLUTION LORS DE L'ELABORATION DES INDIVIDUS-FILS CHEZ TOXOPLASMA GONDII
Authors: Vivier Emile , Petitprez André
Published: December 2019

The parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii has been examined with the electron microscope in order to study the fine structure and the formation of the membranes surrounding the cell. The study of the ultrastructure of the membranes covering the parasite shows the existence of a three-membraned complex. Only the outer membrane is considered to be the plasma membrane; the two membranes below it form an inseparable whole of changeable molecular architecture (modifications in appearance depending on the methods of fixation, local differentiation). During reproduction, which takes place by fission or more often by endogeny, the membranes of the daughter individuals are formed from the membranes of the parent. At first the middle and inner membranes of the parent extend, separating the cytoplasm of the daughter cells from that of the parent. The three-membrane complex of the endozoites is completed at the time of their liberation; the external membrane of the parent covers the leaving endozoites; thus, the plasma membrane of the daughter cells derives also from that of the parent. These findings on the origin and role of limiting membranes during reproduction differ entirely from those described so far for other cells.
STUDIES ON ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES
Authors: Mannik Mart , Arend William P. , Hall Anthony P. , Gilliland Bruce C.
Published: December 2019

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 133, No. 4, April 1, 1971, page 719, line 1:

For 357,000 read 313,000.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: PROTOTYPE OF IMMUNE COMPLEX NEPHRITIS IN MAN
Authors: Koffler D. , Agnello V. , Thoburn R. , Kunkel H. G.
Published: December 2019

Serological studies, immunofluorescence studies, and immunochemical assays of glomerular eluates indicate that several antigen-antibody systems may be involved in the pathogenesis of the tissue lesions of SLE. The NDNA-anti-NDNA system appears to be operative in most patients with active SLE. In addition, antibodies to SDNA are found with considerable frequency in SLE sera and glomerular eluates. It is not known if these antibodies fix to NDNA which has been denatured after deposition in glomeruli or if SDNA-anti-DNA complexes are deposited initially. NDNA antigen has been demonstrated in both serum and glomerular deposits, and SDNA determinants have also been found in glomerular deposits. In addition, there is evidence that rheumatoid factor contributes to the immune complex deposition in certain patients either by fixing to preformed immune complexes or as part of an independent γ-globulin-anti-γ-globulin system.

It is anticipated that the definition of these immune systems, and the assessment of their relative toxicity will provide insight into underlying etiologic factors as well as provide a sound basis for therapy in this form of glomerulonephritis.
IMMUNOLOGIC INJURY OF RENAL HOMOGRAFTS
Authors: Milgrom F. , Klassen J. , Fuji H.
Published: December 2019

Rejection of renal allografts in man and animals is most frequently induced by cell-mediated immunity, the morphologic hallmark of which is the infiltration of the graft by mononuclear cells. In some presensitized recipients rejection may be mediated by humoral transplantation antibodies, and this is characterized clinically by a rapid tempo of rejection and morphologically by accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and renal cortical necrosis.

In recipients treated with immunosuppressive drugs, most renal allografts function well for over 1 yr. However, late deterioration is observed in many grafts. This may take the form of proliferative glomerulonephritis with accumulation of immunoglobulin and complement along glomerular basement membranes. This glomerular lesion of the graft may be of immunologic nature without being rejection. In many instances the glomerular lesion may be due to recurrence of the original disease of the recipient. In other instances it may represent a de novo immunologic process induced by the response to antigens shared by the graft and recipient as evidenced by animal experiments.

The glomerular lesion in the graft may also be caused by humoral transplantation antibodies. Therefore, the final outcome of the renal transplantation may to a great extent depend on the strength of transplantation antibody response, being more favorable for low than high responders.
THE VALUE OF IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE IN THE STUDY OF HUMAN RENAL DISEASE
Authors: McCluskey Robert T.
Published: December 2019

Immunofluorescence is a useful technique in the study of human renal diseases, both from the point of view of elucidating pathogenic mechanisms and as a diagnostic tool.

The finding of characteristic staining patterns for immunoglobulins and complement indicates that many forms of glomerulonephritis are immune complex diseases and that a few are due to anti-GBM antibodies. On the other hand, in lipoid nephrosis and toxemia of pregnancy, deposits of immunoglobulins and complement are generally absent, indicating that immunologic mechanisms are probably not responsible for these glomerular diseases.

The finding of fibrin or other fibrinogen derivatives in glomeruli in toxemia of pregnancy and in certain forms of glomulonephritis supports the interpretation that these substances play a pathogenic role in certain glomerular diseases.

The use of immunofluorescence has led to the recognition of two previously unrecognized renal diseases: nephropathy with mesangial IgA-IgG deposits (Berger), and a tubular disorder with deposits of immunoglobulins and complement along the basement membrane.
IMMUNE CELL COOPERATION, VIRUSES, AND ANTIBODIES TO NUCLEIC ACIDS IN NEW ZEALAND MICE
Authors: Talal Norman , Steinberg Alfred D. , Jacobs Michael E. , Chused Thomas M. , Gazdar Adi F.
Published: December 2019

The development of autoimmunity in New Zealand mice is related to genetic, immunologic, and viral factors. Evidence is presented to suggest that thymus-dependent immune functions may be depressed and bone marrow-dependent functions augmented in these mice. Antibodies to RNA and DNA appear spontaneously and can also be induced by treatment with rI·rC. Antibodies binding rI·rC-14C in human lupus sera, in NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) mice developing lupus, and in NZB, ALN, and ALN/NZB mice have greatest specificity for reovirus double-stranded RNA. Treatment of B/W mice with RNA and cyclophosphamide induces immunologic tolerance, and suppresses antibodies binding rI·rC-14C. During recovery, the specificity of the antibodies is unaltered. Induction of tolerance in this way prevents the accelerated formation of anti-RNA antibodies normally induced by MLV. This finding suggests that virus-accelerated and natural disease occur through a similar mechanism, and supports the hypothesis that viruses may act as antigenic stimuli for a genetically hyper-responsive antibody-producing system.
Glial tauopathy: Neurons optional?
Authors: Walker Lary C.
Published: December 2019

In some neurodegenerative disorders, tau protein accumulates in astrocytes and/or oligodendrocytes, even though these glial cells produce much less of the protein than do neurons. Testing the hypothesis that the aggregated tau in glia derives from neurons, Narasimhan et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190783) make the unexpected discovery that neuronal tau expression is not required for the formation of glial tau inclusions. The circumstances governing the variable cell-specificity of tauopathy thus remain to be fully defined.
EFFECT OF STIMULATION OF SENSORY NERVES UPON THE RATE OF LIBERATION OF EPINEPHRIN FROM THE ADRENALS
Authors: Stewart G. N. , Rogoff J. M.
Published: December 2019

On page 638, line 14, for was interrupted read was never interrupted.

On page 644, line 3, the reference number should be 5 instead of 4.
EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS IN RATS
Authors: Pappenheimer A. M. , McCann G. F. , Zucker T. F.
Published: December 2019

On page 429, Vol. xxxv, No. 4, under Diet 85, for 72 mg. of phosphate read 72 mg. of phosphorus.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF ACID GROUPS ON THE SEROLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF AZOPROTEINS
Authors: Landsteiner K. , van der Scheer J.
Published: December 2019

In Vol. xlv, No. 6, page 1053, Table VII, last column, the third entry from the bottom should be 0 instead of tr.
INFLUENCE OF HOST FACTORS ON NEUROINVASIVENESS OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS
Authors: Sabin Albert B. , Olitsky Peter K.
Published: December 2019

Page 205, line 26; page 207, Table I, last line; page 209, line 20; and page 217, line 12, for submaxillary read sphenopalatine.
THE VISUAL SYSTEM AND VITAMINS A OF THE SEA LAMPREY
Authors: Wald George
Published: December 2019

On page 333, Vol. 25, No. 3, January 20, 1942, the cuts for Figs. 1 and 3 should be interchanged. The legends should remain where they now appear.
THE QUANTIC AND STATISTICAL BASES OF VISUAL EXCITATION
Authors: Baumgardt Ernest L. M.
Published: December 2019

In the article entitled "The quantic and statistical bases of visual excitation" (J. Gen. Physiol., 1947–48, 31, 269), in footnote 1, at the bottom of page 274, read, The product k (k–1) ..., may be written

See PDF for Equation.

On page 284, in equation (1) add, t = mτ; m = 1,2,3....

I take this occasion to call attention to the fact that in 1944 van der Velden developed two equations, one of which described the variation of liminal energy with the flash time and the other this variation with the visual angle of the spot; both of them apply in the case of homogeneous populations of receptors (rods). These equations are very similar to mine, obtained in an entirely different manner and published nearly 4 years later. In fact, until very recently I was not aware of the equations of van der Velden, published in Physica, 1944, 11, 179, because the papers published in that journal, and particularly those which are written in Dutch, generally become known to French physiologists as abstracts which are often incomplete.

Thus the priority of the theoretical basis of the empirical laws which are directly related to the two equations in question belongs entirely to van der Velden.

ERNEST L. M. BAUMGARDT

In Vol. 31, No. 3, January 20, 1948, page 261, in equation (1) for H2 read H1.

On page 262, in equation (5) for H read H2.

On page 265, in the third line from the bottom of the page, for 4 c.mm. read 5.24 c.mm.

On the same page, in the second line from the bottom of the page, for 5 c.mm. read 6.86 c.mm.
Sodium Efflux and Potential Differences across the Irrigated Gill of Sea Water-Adapted Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)
Authors: Greenwald Lewis , Kirschner Leonard B. , Sanders Martin
Published: December 2019

Sodium extrusion (JoutNa) was measured across the gills of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, adapted to sea water (SW) using a gill-irrigation system of small volume. The potential difference (TEP) was also measured under similar conditions. JoutNa was usually between 100–250 µeq (100 g)–1 h–1, about an order of magnitude faster than in fresh water (FW)-adapted trout, but slower than has been reported for any other marine teleost. The TEP was between 10–11 mV, body fluids positive to SW. When the external medium was changed from SW to FW JoutNa was reduced to about 25 % of the initial value, and the TEP was reduced by 40–50 mV (i.e. body fluids negative by 30–40 mV). Addition of either Na+ or K+ in SW concentrations reversed the changes; JoutNa increased and the gill repolarized. The electrical behavior and sodium efflux in irrigated trout gill is qualitatively the same as has been reported for unanaesthetized, free-swimming fish of other species. Thus, the irrigated gill provides an adequate model for studying the mechanism of sodium extrusion in marine teleosts.
On the Mechanism of Sodium Extrusion across the Irrigated Gill of Sea Water-Adapted Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)
Authors: Kirschner Leonard B. , Greenwald Lewis , Sanders Martin
Published: December 2019

Sodium efflux (JoutNa) across the irrigated trout gill was rapid in sea water (SW), but only about 25 % as large in fresh water (FW). The difference correlated with a change in the potential difference across the gill (TEP). The latter was about +10 mV (blood positive) in SW, but –40 mV in FW. Both flux and electrical data indicated that gills in this fish are permeable to a variety of cations including Na+, K+, Mg2+, choline, and Tris. They are less permeable to anions; PNa:PK:PCl was estimated to be 1:10:0.3, and PCl > Pgluconate. The TEP was shown to be a diffusion potential determined by these permeabilities and the extant ionic gradients in SW, FW as well as in other media. JoutNa appeared to be diffusive in all of the experiments undertaken. Exchange diffusion need not be posited, and the question of whether there is an active component remains open.
Theoretical estimation of sonochemical yield in bubble cluster in acoustic field*
Authors: Shen Zhuang-Zhi
Published: December 2019

In order to learn more about the physical phenomena occurring in cloud cavitation, the nonlinear dynamics of a spherical cluster of cavitation bubbles and cavitation bubbles in cluster in an acoustic field excited by a square pressure wave are numerically investigated by considering viscosity, surface tension, and the weak compressibility of the liquid. The theoretical prediction of the yield of oxidants produced inside bubbles during the strong collapse stage of cavitation bubbles is also investigated. The effects of acoustic frequency, acoustic pressure amplitude, and the number of bubbles in cluster on bubble temperature and the quantity of oxidants produced inside bubbles are analyzed. The results show that the change of acoustic frequency, acoustic pressure amplitude, and the number of bubbles in cluster have an effect not only on temperature and the quantity of oxidants inside the bubble, but also on the degradation types of pollutants, which provides a guidance in improving the sonochemical degradation of organic pollutants.
Directional motion of dust particles at different gear structures in a plasma*
Authors: Dai Chao-Xing , Song Chao , Zhou Zhi-Xiang , Sun Wen-Tao , Guo Zhi-Qiang , Liu Fu-Cheng , He Ya-Feng
Published: December 2019

Directional motion of dust particles in a dusty plasma ratchet is observed experimentally. The dusty plasma ratchet consists of two concentric gears with asymmetric sawtooth. It is found that the sawtooth number affects the directional motion of dust particles along the saw channel. With the increase of the sawtooth number, the particle velocity increases firstly and then decreases, and there is an optimum number of the sawtooth which could induce fast rotation of dust particles. The velocities of dust particles change as they are flowing along the saw channel. We also explore the force acting on the dust particle experimentally.
Preface
Authors: Vlachos Dimitrios S.
Published: December 2019

The 8th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences (IC-MSQUARE) took place at Bratislava, Slovakia, from Monday, 26th of August, to Thursday, 29th of August 2019.

The Conference was attended by more than 150 participants and hosted about 230 oral, poster, and virtual presentations while counted more than 650 pre-registered authors. The 8th IC-MSQUARE consisted of different and diverging workshops and thus covered various research fields where Mathematical Modeling is used, such as Theoretical/Mathematical Physics, Neutrino Physics, Non-Integrable Systems, Dynamical Systems, Computational Nanoscience, Biological Physics, Computational Biomechanics, Complex Networks, Stochastic Modeling, Fractional Statistics, DNA Dynamics, Macroeconomics etc.

The scientific program was rather heavy, however, according to all attendees, the program was excellent with high level of talks and the scientific environment was fruitful, thus all attendees had a creative time.

We would like to thank the hosting Slovak Academy of Sciences for providing their infrastructure for the needs of the Conference. We also would like to thank the Members of the International Scientific Committees as well as the Members of the Organizing Committee.

The Conference Chairman

Dimitrios Vlachos

University of Peloponnese

List of Editor, International Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.
Probabilistic estimate of indoor radon distribution in Abruzzo (central Italy): comparison of different statistical methods
Authors: Pasculli A , Rizzo F , Zazzini P
Published: December 2019

Since some years ago in Abruzzo (Central Italy), through a number of monitoring campaigns, a set of more than 1900 indoor radon measures has been acquired by the Regional Agency for the environmental protection. Thus, on the basis of these public experimental data, different statistical approaches, aimed to estimate the probability to exceed the level of 200 Bq/m3 (lower than 300 Bq/m3, threshold value currently recommended by the Euratom commission for indoor radon risk acceptability), taken just as a working reference value, have been selected and discussed in this paper. Essentially, ‘Monte Carlo Empirical Bayesian approach’, ‘Bootstrap’ and ‘Gibbs samplers’ methods have been applied and the results have been partially compared. Moreover, some insights on the minimum number of samples, needed to assess the probability distribution as reasonable as possible, are provided.
Mathematical Evaluation of Managing the Investment Activity (The Example of Food Industry in the Republic Of Tatarstan)
Authors: Vakhitova Tina , Gadelshina Landish , Zulfakarova Liliya , Garifova Liliya , Mokichev Sergei
Published: December 2019

Now, when the Russian economy entered a positive phase of the cycle in 2017-2018, with minimal losses to adapt to external shocks arising in previous years. Against the background of improving quantitative indicators in Russia and its individual regions, there is a deterioration in the structural parameters that characterize the quality of economic growth. There are certain methodological and organizational bases of regulation of investment activity in the region, making possible to research the investment efficiency evaluation, considering the time lag on the example of the food industry of the Republic of Tatarstan. The article discusses various mathematical approaches and methods of managing the selection of investment projects, macroeconomic factors that are forming the investing appeal of regions and industries.
Mesoscopic model for nano-channel confined DNA
Authors: Zoli Marco
Published: December 2019

I present a Hamiltonian model and a computational method suitable to evaluate structural and thermodynamic properties of helical molecules embedded in crowded environments which may confine the space available to the base pair fluctuations. It is shown that, for the specific case of a short DNA fragment in a nanochannel, the molecule is markedly over-twisted and stretched by narrowing the width of the channel.
A Monte Carlo study of a cooperative three-state model with adsorption and evaporation and its applications
Authors: Mazilu D. A. , Withers M. O. , Hanstedt W. , Gibbs S. , Lorson A. P. , Mazilu I
Published: December 2019

We present a versatile cooperative three-state model with adsorption and evaporation defined on different topologies: two- and three-dimensional lattices and Cayley trees. We discuss this model in the context of two main applications: silica and titania self-assembled optical coatings on glass substrates and drug encapsulation of two different types of nanoparticles on tree-like synthetic polymers called dendrimers and described mathematically as Cayley trees. We present analytical and Monte Carlo simulation results for these different topologies and discuss other possible extensions of the model to social sciences.
Eu-induced lattice vibrations in Gd2O3 crystals
Authors: Kislov A N , Zatsepin A F
Published: December 2019

The effect of trivalent Eu impurity occupying a position with the S6 site symmetry in cubic Gd2O3 on the latter’s structure and phonon spectrum is investigated. This study was performed by means of computer modeling within a shell model. The equilibrium structures and phonon local symmetrized densities of states were calculated. In addition, frequencies of localized vibrations induced by Eu ion were determined. The calculated results were compared with the available experimental data in literature.
Modelling the Control of the Motor For A Experiment to Measure the Gravity Speed
Authors: Fabricio C. A. , Frajuca C , da Silva D. M. , Bortoli F S , Sanchez E.
Published: December 2019

Brushless DC motors (BLDCM) are recognized for their high efficiency and low maintenance cost and are continuously subject to change in applications without motion control. The BLDCM can be used as an option to traditional switched reluctance motors. For the control of the speed of permanent magnet motors the more common is an integral proportional control (PI). The PI drivers are widely used because of a simple, easy-to-implement control structure, but they are presented as control complexities, such as non-linearity, parametric load perturbations and protection. The use of this method of pulse control (PWM) using a SIMULINK/MATLAB simulation to obtain the values necessary to control the speed of the brushless motor used in the gravitational wave calibrator prototype. SIMULINK/MATLAB is used to become a reliable and flexible simulation. The command will be used for precision accuracy of a ten thousand version of the calibrator.
Inverse problems of restoring the geometric dimensions of a construction defects by thermal fields analysis
Authors: Krasnov I.K. , Salnikova A.A.
Published: December 2019

The proposed work is devoted to the study of a defect in a rectangular plate with a cavity, based on the analysis of thermal fields.
A discrete Nambu bracket for 2D extended Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Kaltsas D A , Kraus M , Throumoulopoulos G N
Published: December 2019

In this note we propose a trilinear bracket formulation for the Hamiltonian extended Magnetohydrodynamics (XMHD) model with homogeneous mass density. The corresponding two-dimensional representation is derived by performing spatial reduction on the three-dimensional bracket, upon introducing a symmetric representation for the field variables. Subsequently, the trilinear bracket of the resulting two-dimensional, four-field model is discretized using a finite difference scheme, which results in semi-discrete dynamics that involve the Arakawa Jacobian. Simulations of planar dynamics show that this scheme respects the desired conservation properties to high precision.
Optimization mathematical models of the peaceful subordinating interactions of two States
Authors: Zakharov V K
Published: December 2019

Pioneer dynamic mathematical optimization models of the peaceful subordinating interactions between two States in favor of one of them are created on the platform of the dynamic mathematical optimization model of a State, earlier constructed and investigated by the author from both theoretical and applied points of view. These models appear to be the totally new ones, since their active agents are States and not firms or another smaller subjects of the economics. Consequently at the current time moment they are purely conceptual. Neither theoretical nor practical methods of solution of the formulated optimization problem are considered in the paper.
Application of Structural Equation Modelling for Oil Accumulation System Control in Oleaginous yeast
Authors: Aburatani S , Shida Y , Ogasawara W , Yamazaki H , Takaku H
Published: December 2019

Recently, we developed a new statistical method for revealing the regulatory systems in living cells. Our method is based on Structural Equation Modelling combined with factor analysis. In generally, Structural Equation Modelling is utilized to detect the model adaptability with the measured data, such as large-scale questionnaire data. In this study, we improved our developed iteration algorithm and gene selection procedure to infer the causalities between variables as a regulatory network from limited numerical data. Our improved gene selection method is based on cross correlation to summarize the time preceding information from gene expression profiles, which were systematically measured at 8 time points. Cross correlation is usually utilized as a measure of similarity between two waves by a time-lag application, and we defined the values of lags ranging from −2 to +4. By this improved method, we selected 14 genes as regulatory factors for the specific system in oleaginous yeast. In the inferred model, only 6 genes among the selected 14 genes were considered to affect the volume of oil accumulation in a closed and specific system. Our method will be useful to artificially control cell systems in the bioproduction and biotechnology fields.
Application of Graph Theory to Evaluate Chemical Reactions in Cells
Authors: Aburatani Sachiyo , Kokabu Yuichi , Teshima Ryota , Ogawa Teppei , Araki Michihiro , Shiarai Tomokazu
Published: December 2019

Chemical reactions occur in cells for survival and adaptation to various conditions. After these chemical reactions, the reactants and products are often sequentially modified through metabolic pathways. In this study, we defined new features to evaluate the possibility of such inferred metabolic pathways. We focused on the main chain structure of a compound as a non-directional graph, and developed a method to define the similarity between these main chain structure graphs. In this study, we defined four features: 1) the number of main chain graph nodes, 2) the graphical density of the main chain graph, 3) the chemical density of the main chain, and 4) the graph centrality of the reaction group in the main chain graph. We defined the main chain structures of about 16,000 chemical compounds, and calculated the values of the four features by the defined equations for each compound. Finally, we calculated the correlation coefficients between all chemical compound pairs from the four defined features. A comparison of the similarities of the main chain graphs between known chemical reactions revealed that our defined features are suitable for detecting the possible reactions.
Ultra-High-Speed Variable Reluctance Motor (Vrm) Applied on Gravimetric Calibration Device With Magnetic Suspension
Authors: Sanchez E , Frajuca C , da Silva Mariano D , Bortoli F S , Fabrício C A
Published: December 2019

Variable Reluctance Motors (VRM) have great advantages for applications in the most diverse areas of the industry and equipment, due to its versatility, robustness, stability and the possibility of precise control of rotation, power and torque. In view of these advantages, it was decided to develop and simulate this type of motor for the on-screen prototype, which is intended for the calibration of gravimeters, intended for the detection of gravitational waves through the effect of these waves on rotating objects in ultra-high rotations of the order of 500,000 rpm. The proposed device requires a 1: 10,000 rpm error control, which will be possible due to the stability characteristics of the MRV. Due to the extremely low permissible vibration, the system uses magnetic bearings of the Lenz type in the rotor, with neodymium magnets interacting with the aluminum shaft, ensuring low friction and vibration. All of these aspects can be simulated using Matlab/Simulink, allowing a MRV performance perspective on the prototype.
A Fuzzy Model for Combating Misinformation in Social Network Twitter
Authors: Gavric Dubravka , Bagdasaryan Armen
Published: December 2019

Constant and rapid increase of social media users implies the increase of spread of misinformation in social media networks. One of the leading networks Twitter is becoming significant source of information and news for online users.

This research proposes a new approach to the problem of combating misinformation in social media network Twitter. The approach is based on the SI (Epidemic) Fuzzy Model to combat the spread of misinformation on Twitter. The mathematical model is given by a system of differential equations including fuzzy parameters and factors that describe various characteristics of misinformation spread in complex network. We also reflect on current challenges in combating misinformation in social media with the goal to stimulate future research in that domain by pointing out important factors that need to be taken into account while developing a model for combating misinformation.
Decision making tool for determining the points of innovation and technological development of the region
Authors: Baglaeva E , Kortov S , Rodnin A , Shulgin D
Published: December 2019

A research purpose is to modify the model of a patent landscape on an algorithm for the complex construction of the technological landscape, taking into account the ecological and economic features of the region. Technological landscape as a management tool for determining the points of innovation and technological development involves three basic stages. The first stage is to analyze the ecological and resource conditions in the region. The second is to build the model of the well-known patent landscape. In the third stage, identification of the chosen direction, affect investment and development opportunities are presented to support the innovation and technological development of the region. Technological landscape opportunities in the direction of iron metallurgy are constructed for the Sverdlovsk region. The methodology of building technological landscapes over time may be useful in the construction and analysis of the technological trend of the studied direction.
Properties of the network of semantic relations in the Russian language based on the RuWordNet data
Authors: Bochkarev Vladimir V. , Solovyev Valery D.
Published: December 2019

It was previously shown that the WordNet thesaurus has a small-world structure. We obtained a similar result for RuWordNet, a recently created thesaurus of the Russian language, and determined the main characteristics of the network of semantic relations in the Russian language. They are the average length of the path between the vertices, the maximum path length between the vertices, the cluster coefficient and the assortativity coefficient. The distribution of the vertices degrees was also considered. We compared the values of the structural parameters of the networks for WordNet and RuWordNet. A significant difference between RuWordNet and WordNet is that RuWordNet has many semantic relations of the ‘POS-synonymy’ type (synonymy between words of different parts of speech) that are hardly found in WordNet. The values of structural constants were determined for RuWordNet both regarding this type of relations and without taking into account these relations, which allows one to estimate the influence of relations between parts of speech on the structure of the words network.
Data Encryption Based on Exponential Numbers
Authors: Chang Ho-Hsuan
Published: December 2019

A novel data encryption scheme using a set of exponential numbers is proposed in this paper which aims at achieving secure communications over public networks. The study begins with the definition of pattern of exponential number, where the decimal pattern of an exponential number ge
is the result of taking e − 1 times multiplication the base element g by itself. The multiplication operation of two large integers involves the complicated carry conditions in each step, which is digit-dependence and can only be analyzed case by case. This implies that the pattern of a large exponential number is unpredictable. Next, we prove that nature number can be spanned by a set of exponential numbers, and there exists numerous spanning sets for one nature number, demonstrating that the expression of nature number using a set of exponential numbers is not unique. The unpredictable nature of exponential patterns and the abundant available sets of exponential numbers can contribute the concealment of information when data streams are encrypted by the exponential numbers. In addition, we prove that the base elements of a set of exponential numbers applied for spanning a nature number can be arbitrarily assigned. With this property, we can distribute a secret key sequence in advance as the base elements for data encryption, or this secret key can be shared using the Diffie-Hellman Key-Exchange system over public network. Finally, the encrypted message consists of a sequence of exponents and the index data, which indicates the relationship between the base elements and the secret key for decryption. The ciphertext is transmitted via the public channel to the receiver end; however, it can only be decrypted by those who own the secret key. Some examples are shown for demonstration the feasibility of the proposed encryption scheme.
Inverse operator for a regular nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Roth Yehuda
Published: December 2019

It is known that a dissipative environment is well described by chaotic process while regular dynamics are associated with animate systems. In this paper, we explore the inverse map of some chaotic maps to find if they are always regular. By reversing a chaotic map, we have been able to obtain a regular process that is associated with the birth of animate systems.
Numerical investigation of flow-induced forces in the rods bundle
Authors: Upnere Sabine
Published: December 2019

The numerical modelling of cross-flow through the rods bundle with triangular arrangement has been done to analyse flow-induced forces on the rod located in the middle of the bundle. Significant problems of rods in the bundle during the operational time of the system can be caused by the cross-flow. At the same time, it is known that the behaviour of the system is strongly related to many parameters such as bundle geometry, flow, rods support and others. Therefore, there is needed to investigate characteristics of each type of typical bundles. In this paper is analysed flow-induced hydrodynamic forces in closely-packed rods bundle using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved using Finite Volume discretization. The impact of the size of the computational domain and the number of rows in it was investigated to find the optimal case for the numerical modelling. Obtained results were compared with references from literature and experimental data. Reynolds number effect on the test cylinder depending on the domain size and the bundle asymmetry impact on flow-induced force were investigated as well.
Intelligent nonmodel-based fault diagnosis of electric motors using current signature analysis
Authors: Zaher Ashraf A. , Hummes Detlef , Hussain G. Amjad
Published: December 2019

This paper proposes an efficient technique for detecting mechanical faults in three-phase induction motors, without using mechanical sensors. Only measurements of the currents of every phase are used to identify the fault. The proposed system can diagnose two types of faults corresponding to shaft misalignment or imbalance, along with normal operation. The power spectrum of the experimental data is generated, followed by applying a soft-computing mathematical algorithm that will extract the peaks of the fundamental frequencies and their harmonics, while filtering out noise. Carefully selected peaks at certain frequencies will be collected and examined to generate a robust algorithm that can be used to produce a decision regarding the operating condition of the motor, via applying an intelligent soft-computing technique. Mathematical details regarding the consistency checks for validating the experimental data, and the testing/validation phases will be investigated. Detailed analysis of the obtained results is provided to highlight the advantages and limitations of the proposed algorithm. In addition, a comparison is made with similar techniques that use mechanical sensors to contrast their differences and highlight the superiority of the proposed system. The obtained results prove the intelligence and robustness of the proposed system and allow for versatile extensions that promote its application in real-time scenarios for many industrial applications.
An Approach towards Quantization of Non-Relativistic Open String Theory
Authors: Chatterjee S , Mukherjee S
Published: December 2019

For decades, scientists have worked relentlessly to move forward to see what lies beyond the third dimension and to find out if there is any existence of a unified theory to explain all the workings of the universe from sub-atomic to gigantic inhabitants of cosmos. This insurmountable task has been taken on by many over the last century or so until the emergence of “superstring theory” or “string theory” happened showcasing the fact that an answer seemed possible. From the concepts of a “string”, our ideation on this theory started. In this paper we strived to put forward that the concept of a vibrating one-dimensional microscopic object named “string” can be taken as a fundamental ingredient (in place of point particle) for developing non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Unlike point particle, we take a vibrating string as the quantum object & build a perfectly reasonable quantum mechanical description of the microscopic world. Our main objective in this paper to show that complete development of quantum mechanics is possible based on one dimensional open string.
Gödel’s incompleteness theorem and Universal physical theories
Authors: Ben-Ya’acov Uri
Published: December 2019

An ultimate Universal theory – a complete theory that accounts, via few and simple first principles, for all the phenomena already observed and that will ever be observed – has been, and still is, the aspiration of most physicists and scientists. Yet, a basic principle that is embodied in the results of Gödel’s incompleteness theorems is that self-referencing leads to logical conflict or failure, as in the liar paradox or Russell’s paradox. In physical theories self-referencing necessarily occurs when it is realized that the observer is also a participant in the experienced phenomena – we, humans, are part of the Universe while observing it. Therefore self-referencing, and consequently logical conflicts, are unavoidable, and any theory pretending to be Universal is bound to be incomplete.
About one stochastic model of coexistence of various population groups into the urban environment
Authors: Kiselyov Dmitrii , Inovenkov Igor , Nefedov Vladimir
Published: December 2019

The problem of the interaction of various population groups in the framework of urban environment is of current interest this time. The population is divided into different strata according to their economic and social characteristics. For example, a population could be classified according to genetic and phenotypic characteristics, belonging to a ethnic group and, first of all, according to income level. In several countries, the co-existence of population groups belonging to different social strata gives rise to serious problems and therefore has been studied from different points of view, mainly from a sociological. Due to the qualitative analysis of various situations, it becomes possible to predict and prevent possible conflicts and problems. The significance of this problem is obvious, but reasonable proposals for its solution have not been put forward. In this regard, the construction of a qualitative, but general mathematical model of the dynamics of various groups of the population is of interest. Such a mathematical model should be built within the framework of the concept of spatial economics. This paper discusses the first version of the model for a situation where there are only two groups of people. The corresponding system of equations includes two nonlinear diffusion equations with terms describing the interaction of the population groups in model. Of course, the basic difficulty is the selection of coefficients, which will provide the picture as close as possible to reality, so it makes sense to add to the model and stochastic terms that will be responsible for random environmental factors. Thus, a two-dimensional stochastic model of the temporal dynamics of the distribution of two population groups in an urban environment was presented and numerically investigated. As a result of the mathematical modeling certain estimates were obtained regarding the feasibility of considering stochastic factors in the proposed mathematical model.
Quasilinear integrodifferential Bernoulli-type equations
Authors: Vaskevich V L , Shvab I V
Published: December 2019

The equations considered in this article have the form in which the time derivative of the unknown function is expressed as a double integral over the space variables of a weighted quadratic expression of the sought function. The domain of integration is unbounded and does not depend on time but depends on the space variable. We study the Cauchy problem in the function classes accompanying the equation with initial data on the positive half-line. In application to this problem, the convergence of the successive approximation method is justified. An estimate is given of the quality of the approximation depending on the number of the iterated solution. It is proved that, on some finite time interval, the posed Cauchy problem has at most one solution in the accompanying function class. An existence theorem is proved in the same class.