La survie des partis politiques et le militantisme transhumant et errant au Cameroun
Authors: Datidjo IsmaÃ¯la , Yotedje Valeri Duplexe , Tchinenba Armand 
Published: June 2021

Au cours des trois (03) dÃ©cennies qui ont suivi le retour du Cameroun Ã  la dÃ©mocratie plurielle en 1990, lâ€™arÃ¨ne politique enregistre une multitude dâ€™acteurs et dâ€™organisations avec diverses opinions. De nos jours, plus de trois cent (300), formations politiques ont vu le jour avec diffÃ©rentes idÃ©ologies proposÃ©es aux citoyens. La loi nÂ° 90/053/ du 19 dÃ©cembre 1990 portant sur la libertÃ© dâ€™association, soutenue par celle nÂ° 90/056 du 19 DÃ©cembre 1990 portant sur la crÃ©ation des partis politiques a favorisÃ© le multipartisme et le dÃ©veloppement idÃ©ologique au Cameroun. Ainsi, il sâ€™est dÃ©veloppÃ© des comportements de nomadismes ou de transhumances politiques chez beaucoup dâ€™acteurs de la scÃ¨ne politique camerounaise. Cet article qui se veut une rÃ©flexion sur lâ€™expÃ©rience dÃ©mocratique des camerounais dans le contexte du multipartisme politique, rend compte de la faÃ§on selon laquelle des citoyens militent dans plusieurs formations politiques dâ€™une maniÃ¨re cyclique le plus souvent ou continue. Câ€™est en ces deux types de comportements que consistent respectivement le militantisme transhumant et celui errant. Ils remettent en question la survie sur lâ€™arÃ¨ne politique de certaines forces politiques, les plus faibles, câ€™est-Ã -dire celles les moins adaptÃ©es au jeu Ã©lectoral au profit de celles les plus puissantes, donc celles qui participent aux compÃ©titions politiques et de surcroÃ®t, obtiennent le plus de suffrages. Ces derniÃ¨res sâ€™adaptent en rÃ©cupÃ©rant les militants et sympathisants des organisations politiques adverses. Dans une approche analytique fondÃ©e sur la stratÃ©gie des acteurs du jeu politique impliquÃ©s dans le militantisme transhumant et errant, ce Ã  partir des donnÃ©es du terrain et celles secondaires issues des rÃ©sultats des Ã©lections jusque-lÃ  organisÃ©es, il rapporte le mÃ©canisme par lequel certains partis politiques sont actifs, alors que dâ€™autres ne le sont pas, ils sont plutÃ´t absents des compÃ©tions, dirait-on, ils auraient cessÃ© dâ€™exister en tant que entitÃ©s.
 
During the three (03) decades which followed Cameroon's return to plural democracy in 1990, the political arena recorded a multitude of actors and organizations with various opinions. Nowadays, more than three hundred (300) political formations have emerged with different ideologies proposed to citizens. Law nÂ° 90/053 of December 19, 1990 relating to freedom of association, supported by law nÂ° 90/056 of December 19, 1990 relating to the creation of political parties, has promoted multipartyism and ideological development in Cameroon. Thus, it has developed behaviors of nomadism or political transhumance among many actors of the Cameroonian political scene. This article, which is a reflection on the democratic experience of Cameroonians in the context of the political multiparty system, reports on the way in which citizens militate in several formations in a cyclical manner most often or continuously. It is in these two types of behavior that transhumant and wandering activism consist respectively. They call into question the survival in the political arena of certain political forces, the weakest, that is to say those less suited to the electoral game in favor of the most powerful, therefore those who participate in political competitions and moreover, obtain the most votes. The latter adapt by recovering the militants and sympathizers of the opposing political organizations. in an analytical approach based on the strategy of the actors of the political game involved in transhumant and wandering activism, this from field data and secondary data from the results of the elections held until then, he reports the mechanism by which certain political parties are active, while others are not, they are rather absent from competitions, one would say, they would have ceased to exist as entities.