bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hippo Pathway Activation in Aged Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contributes to the Dysregulation of Hepatic Inflammation in Aged Mice
Authors: Yang Xue , Zong Chen , Feng Chao , Zhang Cangang , Smirnov Artem , Sun Gangqi , Shao Changchun , Zhang Luyao , Hou Xiaojuan , Liu Wenting , Meng Yan , Zhang Liying , Shao Changshun , Wei Lixin , Melino Gerry , Shi Yufang
Published: August 2023

Aging is always accompanied by chronic diseases which probably attribute to long‐term chronic inflammation in the aging body. Whereas, the mechanism of chronic inflammation in aging body is still obscure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of local chemotaxis to sites of inflammation and play a powerful role in immune regulation. Whether degeneration of MSCs in the aging body is associated with unbalanced inflammation is still not clear. In this study, immunosuppressive properties of aged MSCs are found to be repressed. The impaired immunosuppressive function of aged MSCs is associated with lower expression of the Hippo effector Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) and its target gene signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). YAP1 regulates the transcription of STAT1 through binding with its promoter. In conclusion, a novel YAP1/STAT1 axis maintaining immunosuppressive function of MSCs is revealed and impairment of this signal pathway in aged MSCs probably resulted in higher inflammation in aged mice liver.
The Histone Chaperones SET/TAF‐1β and NPM1 Exhibit Conserved Functionality in Nucleosome Remodeling and Histone Eviction in a Cytochrome c‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Buzón Pedro , Velázquez‐Cruz Alejandro , Corrales‐Guerrero Laura , Díaz‐Quintana Antonio , Díaz‐Moreno Irene , Roos Wouter H.
Published: August 2023

Chromatin homeostasis mediates essential processes in eukaryotes, where histone chaperones have emerged as major regulatory factors during DNA replication, repair, and transcription. The dynamic nature of these processes, however, has severely impeded their characterization at the molecular level. Here, fluorescence optical tweezers are applied to follow histone chaperone dynamics in real time. The molecular action of SET/template‐activating factor‐Iβ and nucleophosmin 1—representing the two most common histone chaperone folds—are examined using both nucleosomes and isolated histones. It is shown that these chaperones present binding specificity for fully dismantled nucleosomes and are able to recognize and disrupt non‐native histone‐DNA interactions. Furthermore, the histone eviction process and its modulation by cytochrome c are scrutinized. This approach shows that despite the different structures of these chaperones, they present conserved modes of action mediating nucleosome remodeling.
Design Strategies for Anodes and Interfaces Toward Practical Solid‐State Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yoon Gabin , Kim Sewon , Kim Ju‐Sik
Published: August 2023

Solid‐state Li–metal batteries (based on solid‐state electrolytes) offer excellent safety and exhibit high potential to overcome the energy‐density limitations of current Li–ion batteries, making them suitable candidates for the rapidly developing fields of electric vehicles and energy‐storage systems. However, establishing close solid–solid contact is challenging, and Li‐dendrite formation in solid‐state electrolytes at high current densities causes fatal technical problems (due to high interfacial resistance and short‐circuit failure). The Li metal/solid electrolyte interfacial properties significantly influence the kinetics of Li–metal batteries and short‐circuit formation. This review discusses various strategies for introducing anode interlayers, from the perspective of reducing the interfacial resistance and preventing short‐circuit formation. In addition, 3D anode structural‐design strategies are discussed to alleviate the stress caused by volume changes during charging and discharging. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive anode/electrolyte interface control and anode design strategies that reduce the interfacial resistance, hinder short‐circuit formation, and facilitate stress relief for developing Li–metal batteries with commercial‐level performance.
Integration of Single‐Atom Catalyst with Z‐Scheme Heterojunction for Cascade Charge Transfer Enabling Highly Efficient Piezo‐Photocatalysis
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Zhu Hui , Yang Jing , Low Beverly Qian Ling , Wu Wen‐Ya , Chen Mingxi , Ma Jun , Long Ran , Low Jingxiang , Zhu Houjuan , Heng Jerry Zhi Xiong , Tang Karen Yuanting , Chai Casandra Hui Teng , Lin Ming , Zhu Qiang , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Chi Dongzhi , Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun , Xiong Yujie , Ye Enyi
Published: August 2023

Piezo‐assisted photocatalysis (namely, piezo‐photocatalysis), which utilizes mechanical energy to modulate spatial and energy distribution of photogenerated charge carriers, presents a promising strategy for molecule activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation toward applications such as environmental remediation. However, similarly to photocatalysis, piezo‐photocatalysis also suffers from inferior charge separation and utilization efficiency. Herein, a Z‐scheme heterojunction composed of single Ag atoms‐anchored polymeric carbon nitride (Ag‐PCN) and SnO2−x is developed for efficient charge carrier transfer/separation both within the catalyst and between the catalyst and surface oxygen molecules (O2). As revealed by charge dynamics analysis and theoretical simulations, the synergy between the single Ag atoms and the Z‐scheme heterojunction initiates a cascade electron transfer from SnO2−x to Ag‐PCN and then to O2 adsorbed on Ag. With ultrasound irradiation, the polarization field generated within the piezoelectric hybrid further accelerates charge transfer and regulates the O2 activation pathway. As a result, the Ag‐PCN/SnO2−x catalyst efficiently activates O2 into ·O2−, ·OH, and H2O2 under co‐excitation of visible light and ultrasound, which are consequently utilized to trigger aerobic degradation of refractory antibiotic pollutants. This work provides a promising strategy to maneuver charge transfer dynamics for efficient piezo‐photocatalysis by integrating single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with Z‐scheme heterojunction.
Clean Production of Hydrogen Peroxide: A Heterogeneous Solar‐Driven Redox Process
Authors: Qu Songying , Wu Hao , Ng Yun Hau
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen peroxide is an essential chemical that is attracting strong attention for energy and environmental applications. However, the struggle between the growing market demand and the unsustainability of the conventional anthraquinone method motivates the exploration of alternative H2O2 production processes. Although several new production processes have been proposed, the environmental‐friendly solar‐driven H2O2 production attracts most attention because of the only inputs of water, oxygen, and light energy. The rational design of functional photo‐responsive catalysts promotes H2O2 production in the photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic approaches. These are, in general, achieved by facilitating the preferential adsorption of key intermediates of OOH*/OH*/O*, enhancing the light absorption, promoting the charge separation, and accelerating the surface charge transfer with selective number of involved charges. This review systematically summarizes strategies for photo(electro)catalysts toward H2O2 production via both the water oxidation and oxygen reduction pathways. Though the oxygen reduction route is perceived as more popular in the community, selective water oxidation is emerging as a convincing alternative. Furthermore, prevailing hypotheses, state‐of‐the‐art catalysts, critical challenges, and perspectives are discussed in depth. This review aims to enhance the comprehension of this research field and promote interest in sustainable H2O2 production.
A novel hybrid process design for efficient recovery of hydrophilic ionic liquids from dilute aqueous solutions
Authors: Chen Yuqiu , Liu Xinyan , Lei Yang , Liang Xiaodong , Gani Rafiqul , Kontogeorgis Georgios M.
Published: August 2023

Ionic liquids (ILs) have received much attention in both academia and industries due to their superior performance in many applications. Efficient recovery/recycling of ILs from their dilute aqueous solutions is essential for the acceptance and implementation of many IL‐based technologies by industry. In this work, a practical and cost‐effective hybrid process design method that combines aqueous two‐phase extraction, membrane separation, and distillation operating at their highest efficiencies is proposed for the recovery of hydrophilic ILs from dilute aqueous solutions. The application of this hybrid process design method is illustrated through case studies of recovering two hydrophilic ILs, n‐butylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C4Py][TfO]) (CAS number: 390423‐43‐5) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mIm][Cl]) (CAS number: 79917‐90‐1), from their dilute aqueous solutions. For the recovery of 10 wt.% [C4Py][TfO] from aqueous solution, the hybrid process using (NH4)2SO4 as the salting‐out agent could reduce the total annual cost (TAC) and energy consumption by 57% and 91%, respectively, compared with the pure distillation processes. In the case of recovering 10 wt.% [C4mIm][Cl] from aqueous solution, the reduction in TAC and energy savings of the hybrid process with salting‐out agent (NH4)2SO3 could reach 49% and 87%, respectively, compared with the pure distillation process. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis through Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed hybrid process design is more robust to uncertainties in energy prices and other material (e.g., equipment and solvent) costs.
Facial cues to physical strength are not always associated with facial masculinity: Comparative study of Europeans and Southern Siberians
Authors: Mezentseva Anna A. , Rostovtseva Victoria V. , Butovskaya Marina L.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The aim of our study was to compare morphometric patterns of facial sexual dimorphism with strength‐face relationship in members of two distinct populations of European and Central Asian origin: Russians and Tuvans.

Methods

Handgrip strength (HGS) measures and facial photographs were collected from Russian (n = 233) and Tuvan (n = 187) men and women. We digitized 70 landmarks and semilandmarks on full‐face and 54 landmarks and semilandmarks on profile photos. This was done to capture variation in facial morphology. After that, we performed the shape regressions of landmarks' coordinates upon sex and HGS. Results were visualized in forms of thin‐plate deformation grids and geometric morphometric morphs.

Results

In both populations, HGS was associated significantly with male facial shape only. In Russian men, strength‐related changes of facial shape were almost completely in direction of increase in male‐typicality. This was especially evident for the relative lower facial width, which was higher in men compared to women, as well as in stronger men compared to weaker ones. On the contrary, in Tuvans the lower face was relatively narrower in men than in women. However, the facial shape of strong Tuvan men was also associated with relatively wider lower face. Our results indicate that the effect of strength on facial shape is relatively independent of facial sexual dimorphism.

Conclusions

Our findings clearly demonstrate that physical strength is associated with the shape of the lower part of male faces even in populations with a mismatched direction of lower face sexual dimorphism.
KOtBu‐Mediated Regioselective Hydroxymethylation of Thiazoles and Benzothiazoles: Synthesis of Biologically Active Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Karmakar Shilpi , Yadav Deepak , Dash Jyotirmayee
Published: August 2023

We present a transition metal‐free direct C‐2 hydroxymethylation of thiazoles using ketones in the presence of KOtBu, leading to the synthesis of thiazole‐2‐diarylcarbinols. The regioselective deprotonation promotes the Csp2−Csp3 bond formation, resulting in the creation of a quaternary centre. The method offers a complementary strategy to traditional cross‐coupling technologies utilizing azole halides and organometallic reagents, thereby expanding the substrate scope. Furthermore, benzothiazoles exhibit compatibility under the mild reaction conditions. Moreover, this method enables the synthesis of thiazolyl diarylcarbinols and bioactive compounds on a multigram scale.
Novel B2 mitogenomes from Continental southern Patagonia's Late Holocene: New insights into the peopling of the Southern Cone
Authors: Arencibia Valeria , Muñoz Marianne , Crespo Cristian M. , Russo M. Gabriela , Vera Pablo , Lia Verónica V. , García Guraieb Solana , Goñi Rafael A. , Avena Sergio , Puebla Andrea , Dejean Cristina B.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The main aim of this study is to discuss the migratory processes and peopling dynamics that shaped the genetic variability of populations during the settlement of the Southern Cone, through the analysis of complete mitogenomes of individuals from southern Patagonia.

Materials and Methods

Complete mitogenomes were sequenced through massively parallel sequencing from two late Holocene individuals (SAC 1‐1‐3 and SAC 1‐1‐4) buried in the same chenque at Salitroso Lake Basin (Santa Cruz province, Argentina). To evaluate matrilineal phylogenetic affinities with other haplotypes, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions were performed, as well as a haplotype median‐joining network.

Results

The mitogenomes were assigned to haplogroups B2 and B2b, exhibiting an average depth of 54X and 89X (≥1X coverage of 98.6% and 100%), and a high number of nucleotide differences among them. The phylogenetic analyses showed a relatively close relationship between the haplotype found in SAC 1‐1‐4 and those retrieved from a Middle Holocene individual from Laguna Chica (Buenos Aires province), and from a group of individuals from the Peruvian coast. For the SAC 1‐1‐3, no clear affiliations to any other haplotype were established.

Discussion

The large divergence between the haplotypes presented in this study suggests either a highly variable founder gene pool, or a later enrichment by frequent biological contact with other populations. Our results underline the persistence of genetic signals related to the first waves of peopling in South America, suggesting that the regional settlement of the southern end of the continent has been much more complex than initially thought.
Prevalence of type 2 inflammatory signatures and efficacy of dupilumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps from two phase 3 clinical trials: SINUS‐24 and SINUS‐52
Authors: Bachert Claus , Khan Asif H. , Lee Stella E. , Hopkins Claire , Peters Anju T. , Fokkens Wytske , Praestgaard Amy , Radwan Amr , Nash Scott , Jacob‐Nara Juby A. , Deniz Yamo , Rowe Paul J.
Published: August 2023

Background

This post hoc analysis of the international SINUS‐24/‐52 trials (NCT02912468/NCT02898454) aimed to assess dupilumab efficacy in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) according to different definitions of type 2 inflammatory signature.

Methods

Six definitions of type 2 inflammation were used: ≥150 eosinophils/μL or total immunoglobulin E (IgE) ≥100 IU/mL with a coexisting type 2 condition; ≥150 eosinophils/μL or total IgE ≥100 IU/mL; ≥150 eosinophils/μL; ≥250 eosinophils/μL or total IgE ≥100 IU/mL; coexisting asthma or ≥300 eosinophils/μL; presence of a coexisting type 2 condition. Odds ratios (ORs; dupilumab vs. placebo) for achieving clinically meaningful improvement (≥1 point) from baseline to week 24 (pooled SINUS‐24/‐52) and week 52 (SINUS‐52) were calculated for nasal polyp score (NPS; range 0–8), nasal congestion/obstruction score (NC; 0−3), and loss of smell score (LoS; 0−3).

Results

At baseline (n = 724), most patients displayed a type 2 inflammatory signature across definitions (64.2%–95.3%). At week 24, ORs for clinically meaningful improvement ranged from 11.9 to 14.9 for NPS across type 2 definitions, 6.5–9.6 for NC, and 12.2–17.8 for LoS (all p < 0.0001). OR ranges were similar or greater at week 52: 19.0–36.6, 7.6–12.1, and 9.2–33.5, respectively (all p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Most patients with CRSwNP in the SINUS study had type 2 inflammation. Dupilumab demonstrated robust efficacy across definitions of type 2 inflammation, consistent with its profile as an inhibitor of Interleukin‐4 and Interleukin‐13 signaling, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP.

Key Points

This study assessed type 2 inflammation prevalence and dupilumab efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps according to algorithm‐defined type 2 inflammation

Dupilumab efficacy was similar across all type 2 definitions
An Encodable Scaffold for Sequence‐Specific Recognition of Duplex RNA
Authors: Kwok Jonathan G. , Yuan Zhi , Arora Paramjit S.
Published: August 2023

RNA, unlike DNA, folds into a multitude of secondary and tertiary structures. This structural diversity has impeded the development of ligands that can sequence‐specifically target this biomolecule. We sought to develop ligands for double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments, which are ubiquitous in RNA tertiary structure. The major groove of double‐stranded DNA is sequence‐specifically recognized by a range of dimeric helical transcription factors, including the basic leucine zippers (bZIP) and basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) proteins; however, such simple structural motifs are not prevalent in RNA‐binding proteins. We interrogated the high‐resolution structures of DNA and RNA to identify requirements for a helix fork motif to occupy dsRNA major grooves akin to dsDNA. Our analysis suggested that the rigidity and angle of approach of dimeric helices in bZIP/bHLH motifs are not ideal for the binding of dsRNA major grooves. This investigation revealed that the replacement of the leucine zipper motifs in bHLH proteins with synthetic crosslinkers would allow recognition of dsRNA. We show that a model bHLH DNA‐binding motif does not bind dsRNA but can be reengineered as an RNA ligand. Based on this hypothesis, we rationally designed a miniature synthetic crosslinked helix fork (CHF) as a generalizable proteomimetic scaffold for targeting dsRNA. We evaluated several CHF constructs against a set of RNA and DNA hairpins to probe the specificity of the designed construct. Our studies reveal a new class of proteomimetics as an encodable platform for sequence‐specific recognition of dsRNA.
Electric‐Field‐Induced Alignment of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Inside Thermally Conductive Liquid Crystalline Polyimide Composite Films
Authors: Ruan Kunpeng , Shi Xuetao , Zhang Yali , Guo Yongqiang , Zhong Xiao , Gu Junwei
Published: August 2023

The positive liquid crystals, 4′‐heptyl‐4‐biphenylcarbonitrile (7CB), are used to functionalize carbon nanotubes (LC‐CNT), which can be aligned in the liquid crystalline polyimide (LC‐PI) matrix under an alternating electric field to fabricate the thermally conductive LC‐CNT/LC‐PI composite films. The efficient establishment of thermal conduction pathways in thermally conductive LC‐CNT/LC‐PI composite films with a low amount of LC‐CNT is achieved through the oriented alignment of LC‐CNT within the LC‐PI matrix. When the mass fraction of LC‐CNT is 15 wt %, the in‐plane thermal conductivity coefficient (λ∥) and the through‐plane thermal conductivity coefficient (λ⊥) of the LC‐CNT/LC‐PI composite films reach 4.02 W/(m ⋅ K) and 0.55 W/(m⋅K), which are 90.5 % and 71.9 % higher than those of the intrinsically thermally conductive LC‐PI films respectively, also 28.8 % and 5.8 % higher than those of the CNT/LC‐PI composite films respectively. Meanwhile, the thermally conductive LC‐CNT/LC‐PI composite films also possess excellent mechanical and heat resistance properties. The Young's modulus and the heat resistance index are 2.3 GPa and 297.7 °C, respectively, which are higher than the intrinsically thermally conductive LC‐PI films and the thermally conductive CNT/LC‐PI composite films under the same amount of CNT.
Artificial Molecular Ratchets: Tools Enabling Endergonic Processes
Authors: Sangchai Thitiporn , Al Shehimy Shaymaa , Penocchio Emanuele , Ragazzon Giulio
Published: August 2023

Non‐equilibrium chemical systems underpin multiple domains of contemporary interest, including supramolecular chemistry, molecular machines, systems chemistry, prebiotic chemistry, and energy transduction. Experimental chemists are now pioneering the realization of artificial systems that can harvest energy away from equilibrium. In this tutorial Review, we provide an overview of artificial molecular ratchets: the chemical mechanisms enabling energy absorption from the environment. By focusing on the mechanism type—rather than the application domain or energy source—we offer a unifying picture of seemingly disparate phenomena, which we hope will foster progress in this fascinating domain of science.
Anion‐tethered Single Lithium‐ion Conducting Polyelectrolytes through UV‐induced Free Radical Polymerization for Improved Morphological Stability of Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: He Yubin , Wang Chunyang , Zou Peichao , Lin Ruoqian , Hu Enyuan , Xin Huolin L.
Published: August 2023

Single Li+ ion conducting polyelectrolytes (SICs), which feature covalently tethered counter‐anions along their backbone, have the potential to mitigate dendrite formation by reducing concentration polarization and preventing salt depletion. However, due to their low ionic conductivity and complicated synthetic procedure, the successful validation of these claimed advantages in lithium metal (Li0) anode batteries remains limited. In this study, we fabricated a SIC electrolyte using a single‐step UV polymerization approach. The resulting electrolyte exhibited a high Li+ transference number (t+) of 0.85 and demonstrated good Li+ conductivity (6.3×10−5 S/cm at room temperature), which is comparable to that of a benchmark dual ion conductor (DIC, 9.1×10−5 S/cm). Benefitting from the high transference number of SIC, it displayed a three‐fold higher critical current density (2.4 mA/cm2) compared to DIC (0.8 mA/cm2) by successfully suppressing concentration polarization‐induced short‐circuiting. Additionally, the t+ significantly influenced the deposition behavior of Li0, with SIC yielding a uniform, compact, and mosaic‐like morphology, while the low t+ DIC resulted in a porous morphology with Li0 whiskers. Using the SIC electrolyte, Li0||LiFePO4 cells exhibited stable operation for 4500 cycles with 70.5 % capacity retention at 22 °C.
Target‐Specific Bioorthogonal Reactions for Precise Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Zhengwei , Sun Mengyu , Zhang Wenting , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: August 2023

Bioorthogonal chemistry is a promising toolbox for dissecting biological processes in the native environment. Recently, bioorthogonal reactions have attracted considerable attention in the medical field for treating diseases, since this approach may lead to improved drug efficacy and reduced side effects via in situ drug synthesis. For precise biomedical applications, it is a prerequisite that the reactions should occur in the right locations and on the appropriate therapeutic targets. In this minireview, we highlight the design and development of targeted bioorthogonal reactions for precise medical treatment. First, we compile recent strategies for achieving target‐specific bioorthogonal reactions. Further, we emphasize their application for the precise treatment of different therapeutic targets. Finally, a perspective is provided on the challenges and future directions of this emerging field for safe, efficient, and translatable disease treatment.
The Role of Chemically Innocent Polyanions in Active, Chemically Fueled Complex Coacervate Droplets
Authors: Späth Fabian , Maier Anton S. , Stasi Michele , Bergmann Alexander M. , Halama Kerstin , Wenisch Monika , Rieger Bernhard , Boekhoven Job
Published: August 2023

Complex coacervation describes the liquid‐liquid phase separation of oppositely charged polymers. Active coacervates are droplets in which one of the electrolyte's affinity is regulated by chemical reactions. These droplets are particularly interesting because they are tightly regulated by reaction kinetics. For example, they serve as a model for membraneless organelles that are also often regulated by biochemical transformations such as post‐translational modifications. They are also a great protocell model or could be used to synthesize life–they spontaneously emerge in response to reagents, compete, and decay when all nutrients have been consumed. However, the role of the unreactive building blocks, e.g., the polymeric compounds, is poorly understood. Here, we show the important role of the chemically innocent, unreactive polyanion of our chemically fueled coacervation droplets. We show that the polyanion drastically influences the resulting droplets′ life cycle without influencing the chemical reaction cycle–either they are very dynamic or have a delayed dissolution. Additionally, we derive a mechanistic understanding of our observations and show how additives and rational polymer design help to create the desired coacervate emulsion life cycles.
Spectroscopic studies, antimicrobial activity, and computational investigations of hydrazone ligands endowed metal chelates
Authors: Arora Tanisha , Devi Jai , Dubey Amit , Tufail Aisha , Kumar Binesh
Published: August 2023

Our current efforts are aimed to synthesize 16 complexes of Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) metal ions from heterocyclic hydrazone ligands by condensation reaction of 2,6‐diacetylpyridine with hydrazide derivatives to find out combating agent against microorganism diseases. The synthesized compounds were precisely characterized by various physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques like FT‐IR, UV–Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, magnetic susceptibility, ESR, mass spectrometry, powder XRD, TGA, and SEM that suggested the octahedral geometry of the complexes coordinating via enolic oxygen atoms, azomethine nitrogen atom, pyridine ring nitrogen atom of the hydrazone ligands, and oxygen atom of water molecule. The thermal stability of the complexes was demonstrated by thermal analysis revealing two‐step decompositions leaving behind metal oxide as an end residue. By using serial dilution method, the compounds (1–20) were tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity against four bacterial and two fungal pathogens. Among all the synthesized compounds, complex 16 was most active against B. subtilis, whereas complexes 13, 14, and 15 were most efficient for C. albicans. Moreover, the biological efficacy of H2L3 (3) ligand and its (13–16) complexes were demonstrated by computational methods like molecular docking, MESP, DFT, and ADMET studies that highlight that complexes have more potency than the ligands and may be employed as effective drug for pathogen‐induced malformations.
Electrochemical sensing of 4‐nitrophenol through heteroleptic complexes of Ag(I) and Hg(II) based on 2‐thiazoline‐2‐thiol: Synthesis, crystal structures, and Hirshfeld analysis
Authors: Chandra Suryansh , Prajapati Jyoti , Jaiswal Shubham , Pandey Shivendra Kumar , Tiwari Ida , Prasad Lal Bahadur , Bharty Manoj Kumar
Published: August 2023

In pursuit of a more effective electro‐sensor for environmentally hazardous nitro phenols detection at the trace level, we have developed two novel complexes [Ag(μ‐S‐thzt)(Hthzt)(PPh3)]2·2CH3CH2OH (1) and [Hg (thzt)2(o‐phen)](2) based on 2‐thiazoline‐2‐thiol (Hthzt). In complexes 1 and 2, triphenylphosphine and o‐phen were used as co‐ligands, respectively. Both the synthesizedcomplexes have been characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction data,UV–vis., infrared, and NMR spectrometry. Geometry around both the metal ion complexes is distorted tetrahedral. Noticeably, in complex 1, the Hthzt acts as a bridging as well as terminal ligand. The intermolecular interaction found in complexes 1 and 2 have been further investigated through Hirshfeld surface analysis. On comparing fluorescence intensities of Hthzt, complex 1, and complex 2, the order of fluorescence behavior was found to be Hthzt > complex 1 > complex 2. The electrochemical performance of both complexes 1 and 2 and their ability to sense 4‐nitrophenol (NP) have been evaluated through modified glassy carbon electrodes and were detected by the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. Based on electrochemical responses, complex 1 shows more effective performance as anelectro‐sensor than complex 2. With a relatively low detection limit of 0.19 μM, great selectivity, and acceptable sensitivity, the complex 1/GCE sensor demonstrated an exceptional linear plot between the oxidation peak current and NP concentration in the ranges of 0.5–500 μM.
Exploring seed and meal composition and protein solubility in soybean genotypes from different domestication periods
Authors: Bosaz Lina B. , Alvarez Prado Santiago , Rotundo José L. , Mortera Pablo , Gerde José A.
Published: August 2023

Traditionally, commercial soybean breeding has focused on increasing seed yield by crossing elite cultivars and limiting the genetic diversity within commercial germplasm. Wild and ancestral soybean genotypes have higher seed protein concentrations than commercial ones. Different seed protein concentrations and compositions result in diverse functional properties of soybean meal, in particular solubility is important for beverages and protein isolates production. The objectives of our study were (i) to characterize seed protein concentration and composition in genotypes from different soybean domestication periods (types) and (ii) to evaluate the protein concentration and solubility profiles of the defatted meals obtained from these genotypes. Variation within seed and meal protein concentration, composition, and solubility was evident along the domestication process. Wild relative (G. soja) and Elite genotypes had the maximum and minimum seed protein concentrations, respectively (42.9 and 36.3 g 100 g−1). Soybean meal protein concentrations were 55.1, 47.7, 48.4 and 44.1 g 100 g−1 for Wild relative (G. soja), Asian landraces, North American (Nam) ancestors and Elite, respectively. Ample genotypic variation was observed for β‐conglycinin components, such as for β, α, and α′ subunits and for total glycinin and its components. Asian landraces had the highest protein solubility. Wild and ancestral germplasm are a reservoir of useful traits to improve soybean seed quality. This study opens the gates to the introduction of ancestral germplasm to breeding programs focused on protein quality and functionality.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of high‐performing anticorrosive polyurethane coatings with inbuilt redoxable oligomeric aniline segments
Authors: Paradhakshina Ermiya Prasad , Arukula Ravi , Palanisamy Aruna , Narayan Ramanuj , Rao Chepuri R. K.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents, a facile route for the synthesis of electroactive hybrid polyurethane‐urea's (EPUU) using back‐bone modification with diamine‐capped trianiline (DCTA) and diamine‐capped tetraaniline (DCTAni) oligomers. These EPUUs were loaded with different weight percentages (12.5, 25, and 50) of DCTA and DCTAni and named PU‐DCTA (12.5, 25, and 50) and PU‐DCTAni (12.5, 25, and 50), respectively. The formation of oligomers and their EPUUs were confirmed by using formal characterizations such as FTIR, HRMS, UV–Visible spectroscopies, and electrochemical studies. TGA, DSC, and tensile studies were conducted on the cured films to better understand the structure and property relations. The mechanical and thermal properties of EPUU films are as high as 60.0 MPa tensile strength and T5% at 322°C, and the adhesion strength of 300‐μm films on mild steel was observed as 533 psi. Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were used to determine these polymers' anti‐corrosive capabilities. An accelerated salt‐spray test that revealed the coatings are stable for up to 600 h when exposed to 5% NaCl fog. The high corrosion resistance observed for PU‐DCTAni was found to be 6.874 × 10−6 mm/year from the Tafel polarization test, and its high polarization resistance was found to be up to 55.912 MΩ.
Relating the microstructural and glass transition temperature evolution of a carbon–carbon composite precursor during pyrolysis using thermomechanical analysis
Authors: Muhammed Faheem , Lavaggi Tania , Advani Suresh , Gillespie John W.
Published: August 2023

Polybenzoxazine thermoset resins exhibit significant potential as precursors for carbon–carbon composites, owing to their high char yield upon pyrolysis. During pyrolysis, the resin is converted to an amorphous carbon‐rich material through a series of mechanisms, resulting in a linear increase of the glass transition temperature (TG) from 133 to 396°C at 0.48 pyrolytic conversion. To better understand this relationship, a non‐isothermal kinetic model was integrated, enabling the prediction of the TG onset, inflection, and endpoint based on the heat treatment protocol (process temperature (TP) vs. time) and the total volume of pyrolytic gases generated. By considering the TG behavior and anticipated gas effects, three distinct mechanisms were identified: (1) gas accumulation and matrix expansion leading to increased sample thickness (TG < TP), (2) crack network formation caused by gas‐pressure‐induced brittle failure (TG > TP), and (3) sample thickness reduction due to gas venting through the crack network (TG < TP). To validate this theory, thermal mechanical analysis was performed during pyrolysis, and changes in thickness (±ΔL/L0) were attributed to gas pressure‐related matrix deformation. Conversely, no change in ΔL/L0 indicated the formation of an interconnected crack network through which gases could vent without building a measurable internal pressure.
Preparation and properties of photothermal responsive fragrance microcapsules
Authors: Han Yun‐Bao , Shi Ling‐Ling , Chen Zheng‐Guo , Zhang Zhao‐Xia , Zhang Guo‐Qing
Published: August 2023

Stimulus‐responsive fragrance microcapsules gradually bring about the attention of the people by using the external environment as the “on/off” switch to achieve intelligent release of aromatic compounds. In this paper, the photothermal responsive fragrance microcapsules are successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as wall materials simultaneously doped with polyaniline (PANI). The results indicate that the synthesized fragrance microcapsules have good spherical shape and thermal stability, which can prevent the leakage of essential oil. Furthermore, the addition of PANI effectively promotes the release of fragrance under the stimulation of light source, achieving photothermal responsive release. Meanwhile, the prepared fragrance microcapsules are applied to fabricate fragrance silk fabrics through soaking‐rolling‐baking procedure. The obtained aromatic fabrics show interesting light stimulation release behavior and good washing fastness.
Positional isomeric effect of nitro group substituted indoles on the electropolymerization and the capacitance performances of their polymers
Authors: Ma Xiumei , Zhu Zhengyou , Lu Baoyang , Xu Jingkun , Zhou Weiqiang
Published: August 2023

The isomers of conducting polymers usually have different properties, however, there are still few studies on the isomeric effect of conducting polymers in supercapacitors field. In this work, four isomers (4‐nitroindole, 5‐nitroindole, 6‐nitroindole, and 7‐nitroindole) were selected as the research objects to study the positional isomeric effect of nitro group substituted indoles on the electropolymerization and the capacitance performances of their polymers. The results show that the prepared poly(5‐nitroindole) (5‐PNI) and poly(6‐nitroindole) (6‐PNI) are in nanowires structure, poly(7‐nitroindole) (7‐PNI) is in dense structure, while poly(4‐nitroindole) (4‐PNI) fails to be prepared. In addition, the as‐prepared 5‐PNI, 6‐PNI nanowires and dense 7‐PNI exhibit very different electrochemical properties and capacitance performances. Taking into account the specific capacitance (364 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1), rate capability (58.5%) and cyclic stability (94% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles test), it can be concluded that 5‐PNI is the most suitable electrode material in the field of supercapacitors.
Double jeopardy: The objectification of women as mothers
Authors: Heru Alison M.
Published: August 2023

Western societies exact a tall order on women who choose to have children. Western norms include an unspoken critique of working women: Are you someone who prioritizes paid work over child caregiving, or do you prioritize child caregiving over work? This double objectification of women who are mothers is their double jeopardy. Although there are multiple jeopardies for those who are not of the dominant caste, for women, the greatest second jeopardy is that of a mother. I outline the jeopardy of being a woman in Western societies, focusing on the history of demonization, including a brief discourse on how psychiatry has perpetuated this demonization. I give historical reference to exceptional women of courage and strength, women who have not yet reached the public imagination. I outline the history of the idealization and vilification of mothers and its reach into the practices of parenting. I propose some solutions to resolve the problem of double jeopardy.
Regulation of three subtypes of SOD gene in Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Acari:Acaridae) under lead stress
Authors: Ai Hui , Xiong Wenhui , Zhu Peipei , Chen Yajuan , Ji Yueming , Jiang Xiantong , Xin Tianrong , Xia Bin , Zou Zhiwen
Published: August 2023

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme that acts as the first line of protection in the mite antioxidant defense system, involved in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under harsh environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the SOD gene family was yet to be reported in stored grain pest mite (Aleuroglyphus ovatus). In this study, A. ovatus was used to evaluate the response of SOD gene during lead stress. A. ovatus were separately exposed to different concentration lead (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), which induce the dynamic trend of SOD enzyme activity initially increased and then reduced with an increase in lead concentration, whereas they were still substantially higher than the control group. Moreover, after lead stress, it was found that all of the three SOD genes showed enhanced relative messenger RNA expression at high concentrations and decreased relative expression at low concentrations, which indicated that lead stress induces the expression of AoSODs. The present work implies that AoSODs play an important role in resisting oxidative damage caused by lead stress.
Impact and development of an Open Web Index for open web search
Authors: Granitzer Michael , Voigt Stefan , Fathima Noor Afshan , Golasowski Martin , Guetl Christian , Hecking Tobias , Hendriksen Gijs , Hiemstra Djoerd , Martinovič Jan , Mitrović Jelena , Mlakar Izidor , Moiras Stavros , Nussbaumer Alexander , Öster Per , Potthast Martin , Srdič Marjana Senčar , Megi Sharikadze , Slaninová Kateřina , Stein Benno , de Vries Arjen P. , Vondrák Vít , Wagner Andreas , Zerhoudi Saber
Published: August 2023

Web search is a crucial technology for the digital economy. Dominated by a few gatekeepers focused on commercial success, however, web publishers have to optimize their content for these gatekeepers, resulting in a closed ecosystem of search engines as well as the risk of publishers sacrificing quality. To encourage an open search ecosystem and offer users genuine choice among alternative search engines, we propose the development of an Open Web Index (OWI). We outline six core principles for developing and maintaining an open index, based on open data principles, legal compliance, and collaborative technology development. The combination of an open index with what we call declarative search engines will facilitate the development of vertical search engines and innovative web data products (including, e.g., large language models), enabling a fair and open information space. This framework underpins the EU‐funded project OpenWebSearch.EU, marking the first step towards realizing an Open Web Index.
Stability of a mean field game of production adjustment
Authors: Wang Yanying , Xin Baogui
Published: August 2023

We propose a mean field game model to study the stability of production adjustment by extending a kind of linear quadratic Gaussian game in large population systems. First, we present the model's equilibrium solutions by a backward HJB equation and a forward FPK equation. Second, we employ the local perturbation method to transform the nonlinear problem into a linear one to study the solutions' stability. Third, we use the spectrum and contraction analyses to study the stationary solutions' linear stability. At last, we validate the results by the numerical simulation. The results show that the additional cost coefficient and noise intensity affect the system's stability. If the additional cost coefficient and the noise intensity are large enough for firms to change their outputs, then firms will try to reduce their production adjustment and remain stable long‐term.
Exploration of mRNA nanoparticles based on DOTAP through optimization of the helper lipids
Authors: Ma Xueni , Wu Fanqi , Peng Caihong , Chen Huiling , Zhang Dekui , Han Tiyun
Published: August 2023

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are one of the most efficient carriers for RNA packaging and delivery, and vaccines based on mRNA‐LNPs have received substantial attention since the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. LNPs based on 1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) have been widely used in preclinical and clinical settings. A novel non‐viral gene delivery system called LNP3 was previously developed, which was composed of DOTAP, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and cholesterol. One of the helper lipids in this carrier was DOPE, which belongs to phospholipids. Given that substituting DOPE with non‐phospholipids as helper lipids can increase the delivery efficiency of some LNPs, this study aimed to examine whether non‐phospholipids can be formulated with DOTAP as helper lipids. It was found that monoglycerides with C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2 mediated mRNA transfection, and the transfection efficiency varied between C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2. Furthermore, substituting of the glycerol with other moieties such as the cholesterol or the ethanolamine similarly mediated mRNA transfection. The introduction of cholesterol can further improve the transfection capacity of some DOTAP‐based LNPs. One of the best‐performing formulations, LNP3‐MO, was used to mediate luciferase‐mRNA expression in vivo, and the luminescence signal was found to be mainly enriched in the lung and spleen. In addition, the level of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibody in the serum increased after three doses of LNP3‐MO mediated SARS‐CoV‐2 spike mRNA. Altogether, this study demonstrates that non‐phospholipids are promising helper lipids that can be formulated with DOTAP to facilitate efficient delivery of mRNAs in vitro and in vivo with organ‐specific targeting.
Electroacupuncture ameliorates pain in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy rat by inhibiting the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and regulating spinal synaptic plasticity
Authors: Su Hong , Chen Haiyan , Zhang Xi , Su Shengyong , Li Jing , Guo Yanjun , Wang Qiongxiao , Xie Caiyun , Yang Pu
Published: August 2023

Background

Central sensitization is one of the important mechanisms underlying neuropathic and radicular pain due to cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Recent studies have shown that the calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB)/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway mediates central sensitization through its involvement in spinal cord synaptic plasticity. Our group has previously found that electroacupuncture (EA) has a good analgesic effect on CSR. However, the central analgesic mechanism of EA for CSR is not yet clear.

Methods

The rats were randomly divided into Blank group, Sham‐operated group, CSR group, and EA group. We prepared the CSR rat model using the fish wire extrusion method. The behavioral and mechanical pain thresholds of the rats in each group were measured 5 days after successful modeling and 7 days after the intervention. The first intervention was started 5 days after successful modeling, and the EA group was treated by acupuncture at the bilateral LI4 and LR3 points on the same side as one group, connected to a G6805‐I electroacupuncture apparatus with continuous waves at 1.5 Hz. The remaining groups were not subjected to EA intervention. The treatment was administered once a day for 7 consecutive days and then executed. We used WB, immunofluorescence, and qRT‐PCR to detect the expression of CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway‐related factors in the synaptic of rat spinal cord in each group.

Results

EA improved pain threshold and motor function in CSR rats, inhibited the expression of BDNF, P‐TrkB, CAMKII, and P‐CREB in spinal cord synapses, reduced the expression of pain factor c‐fos and postsynaptic membrane protein molecule neuroligin2, exerted a modulating effect on spinal cord synaptic plasticity in CSR rats, and suppressed the overactive synaptic efficacy.

Conclusion

EA mediates central sensitization and exerts analgesic effects on CSR by modulating spinal synaptic plasticity, which may be related to the inhibition of CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
GPR30 agonist G1 combined with hypothermia alleviates cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Peng Jun , He Yang , He Jun , Zhang Ji‐kun , Yu Zheng‐tao , Xia Ying
Published: August 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the treatment effect of G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G1 combined with hypothermia (HT) on cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats.

Methods

Fifty male rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups: Sham group, SAH group, SAH + G1 group, SAH + HT group, and SAH + G1 + HT group. The SAH rat model was established by modified endovascular puncture in all groups except the Sham group. Neurological function after the operation was assessed by Garcia scoring. The degree of rat cerebral edema was determined using dry‐wet weighing method on the 28th day after operation. Moreover, the behavioral test was performed on rats on the 4th and 28th days after operation.

Results

Compared with Sham group, the Garcia score of each SAH rat model group decreased significantly on the first day and thereafter increased gradually. However, the recovery rate of each treatment group was higher than the SAH group (no treatment), and the Garcia score of SAH + G1 + HT group was much higher than the SAH group on the seventh day after operation. In addition, each treatment group could obviously reduce the cerebral edema degree of SAH rats, among which rats in SAH + G1 + HT group had lower cerebral edema degree than SAH + G1 group and SAH + HT group. Behavioral test results showed that the combination of GPR30 agonist G1 and HT markedly improved the learning and memory ability of SAH rats, alleviated their anxiety‐ and emotion‐related behavior, and enhanced their social interaction.

Conclusion

GPR30 agonist G1 combined with HT reduces cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior in rats with SAH.