bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breeding and conservation of Luciola cruciata Motschulsky, 1854 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) larvae in forests near chemical factories
Authors: Sano Kazuhiko , Fukuzono Toshihiko , Yokoyama Tadashi , Chiba Yutaka , Kato Jinichiro
Published: October 2022

The number of fireflies in Japan has decreased with the development of cities and industries. As a first step toward the regeneration of an environment for fireflies, we report an attempt to breed aquatic firefly larvae. Focusing on the operational stability of equipment used, we use a safety evaluation method like that employed in petrochemical plants. The death of larvae is a major risk in the operational safety of firefly larvae breeding. The larval death scenario is analyzed and clarified using fault tree analysis, demonstrating that reducing operational mistakes in monitoring water flow and temperature conditions contribute most to the reduction of the probability of larval death. An experiment simulating water supply stoppage to estimate the permissible time for a response once the water temperature rose is reported. A firefly larval breeding system equipped with an alarm function for prompting emergency responses is constructed. Fireflies, including mature larvae, are successfully bred and the effectiveness of this system is demonstrated by comparing it with a conventional system. The superiority of the breeding system of this study is indicated by a twofold increase in the yield of mature larvae and the lower expenses related to this strategy.
Studies of mechanical and technological parameters and evaluation of the role of lustrous carbon carriers in green moulding sands with hybrid bentonite
Authors: Kamińska Jadwiga , Stachowicz Mateusz , Puzio Sabina , Angrecki Michał
Published: October 2022

Green moulding sands containing special carbonaceous additives, which are the source of lustrous carbon (LC), are discussed in this paper. Five potential lustrous carbon carriers, i.e., two types of hard coal dust (No.1 and No.2), amorphous graphite (No.3) and two hydrocarbon resins (No.4 and No.5), were selected for tests as carbonaceous additives to conventional moulding sands. To better emphasize the differences in the additives used, reference green moulding sand (GMS1) was prepared and subjected to a wide range of basic tests focussed on technological parameters, such as permeability (Pw), friability (Fw), Dietert mouldability test (PD) and compactability (Z) and mechanical parameters, such as compressive strength (Rc
w), tensile strength (Rm
w), strength in the transformation zone (Rk
w). The proposed comprehensive spectrum of tests was repeated on sands with five carbonaceous additives. The most important for the use of additives as carbon carriers was to interrelate the content of lustrous carbon (LC), loss on ignition (LOI) and the obtained results of mechanical and technological tests carried out on conventional moulding sands with the surface quality of iron castings. For this purpose, a series of iron castings was made in the prepared moulding sands and used for the assessment of surface quality based on a number of roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rp, Rq, Rv, Rlr, RSm). As a result of the studies it was found that the carbonaceous additives proposed for use help to obtain high-quality surfaces in iron castings.
Systematic Analysis of the Supply Chain Operations Reference Model for Supporting Circular Economy
Authors: van Engelenhoven Tanja , Kassahun Ayalew , Tekinerdogan Bedir
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, we produce and consume a large volume of products giving insufficient regard to what happens to the products before, during and after use or consumption. Globally roughly one-third of food produced is lost or wasted each year. As the world population and per-capita income increase, the problem gets worse. This lifestyle based on “linear” economy has become untenable, and therefore the adoption of a system of business processes that implement circular economy principles approach is proposed. However, it is not clear to what extent the current practice of documenting business processes in supply chains, the SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference) model, reflects and captures the circular economy practices. In this study, we reviewed the state-of-the-art literature to identify to what extent the SCOR model has been used in connection to circular economy and to what extent SCOR supports “circular” business processes.
Urban walking as a practice of care: sensorial activism in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Fischer Jeannine-Madeleine
Published: October 2022

In this article, I explore how the sensory perception of urban environments translates into an activist practice of care. Based on a case study from my digital ethnography, I argue that activist artist and architect Doung Anwar Jahangeer’s performative “City Walks” are aimed at experimenting with, questioning and reframing perceptions of marginalised places in Durban. Re-interpreting and re-experiencing public attributions of meaning to locations through walking allows for a sensory re-appropriation of places labelled as poor and dangerous. Conceiving of sensing as an active process, I argue that sensorial ways of caring transcend boundaries of normativity, space and time in the city. I show how urban walking practices of care have the potential to partially realise future visions of spatial and social justice through sensory engagement with the city.
Garbage in, toxic data out: a proposal for ethical artificial intelligence sustainability impact statements
Authors: Bogani Ronny , Theodorou Andreas , Arnaboldi Luca , Wortham Robert H.
Published: October 2022

Data and autonomous systems are taking over our lives, from healthcare to smart homes very few aspects of our day to day are not permeated by them. The technological advances enabled by these technologies are limitless. However, with advantages so too come challenges. As these technologies encompass more and more aspects of our lives, we are forgetting the ethical, legal, safety and moral concerns that arise as an outcome of integrating our lives with technology. In this work, we study the lifecycle of artificial intelligence from data gathering to deployment, providing a structured analytical assessment of the potential ethical, safety and legal concerns. The paper then presents the foundations for the first ethical artificial intelligence sustainability statement to guide future development of AI in a safe and sustainable manner.
Cloudburst analysis in the Nainital district, Himalayan Region, 2021
Authors: Rawat Kishan Singh , Sahu Smruti Ranjan , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Mishra Anil Kumar
Published: October 2022

Some areas of Uttarakhand faced heavy rainfall during October 17-19th, 2021. In October, rainfall hit its all-time high. A sudden heavy rainfall occurred due to this, which has affected the daily life of humans. More than 50 casualties were recorded during this study period. The main focus of this study was to monitor the Uttarakhand flood event using satellite observations. The Nainital and Almora districts of the state were mainly affected by this sudden heavy rainfall. On October 18th, Nainital received the maximum rainfall of about 21.51 mm at 11:00 am (UTC). The Nainital district has recorded a cumulative rainfall of more than 300 mm on October 18th, 2021. From the observation, we find out that this heavy rainfall occurred due to a sudden cloud burst at Ramgarh in Nainital district. This sudden extreme rainfall further caused a flash flood in the study area. The rainfall pattern has moved towards Assam after it caused a flash flood in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand, India.
Ca2+ signaling in plant manganese uptake: CPK21/23 kinases phosphorylate and activate manganese transporter NRAMP1
Authors: Huang Chao-Feng
Published: October 2022

This brief article highlights the results of Fu et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 119:e2204574119, 2022), who recently found that manganese (Mn) deficiency triggers long-lasting multicellular Ca2+ oscillations in the elongation zone (EZ) of Arabidopsis roots and revealed a Ca2+-CPK21/23-NRAMP1 axis as an important mechanism for plant tolerance and adaptation to low Mn.
Semi-supervised Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification Based on Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Guo Dongen , Wu Zechen , Zhang Yuanzheng , Shen Zhen
Published: October 2022

With the availability of numerous high-resolution remote sensing images, remote sensing image scene classification has been widely used in various fields. Compared with the field of natural images, the insufficient number of labeled remote sensing images limits the performance of supervised scene classification, while unsupervised methods are difficult to meet the practical applications. Therefore, this paper proposes a semi-supervised remote sensing image scene classification method using generative adversarial networks. The proposed method introduces dense residual block, pre-trained Inception V3 networks, gating unit, pyramidal convolution, and spectral normalization into GANs to promote the semi-supervised classification performance. To be specific, the pre-trained Inception V3 network is introduced to extract semantic features to enhance the feature discriminant capability. The gating unit is utilized to capture the relationships among features. The pyramidal convolution is integrated into dense residual block to capture different levels of details to strengthen the feature representation capability. The spectral normalization is introduced to stabilize the GANs training to improve semi-supervised classification accuracy. Extensive experimental results on publicly available EuroSAT and UC Merced datasets show that the proposed method gains the highest overall accuracy, especially when only a few labeled samples are available.
Two-Year Analysis of a New Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) Formulation in Hypogonadal Men: Efficacy, Impact on Psychosexual Function, and Safety
Authors: Honig Stanton , Gittelman Marc , Kaminetsky Jed , Wang Christina , Amory John K. , Rohowsky Nestor , Dudley Robert E. , Woun Seo B. , Newmark Jay , Swerdloff Ronald
Published: October 2022

Background

Long-term data evaluating the efficacy and safety of oral testosterone undecanoate (oral TU; JATENZO) in adult hypogonadal men provides important information for healthcare professionals who prescribe testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).

Aim

To determine the efficacy and safety of long-term oral TU therapy, including its impact on total testosterone (T) levels and psychosexual functioning.

Methods

Hypogonadal men, between 18 and 75 years old, (mean age 56.2; 87.2% white) who completed a 12-month, open-label, multicenter, randomized, active-controlled trial were given the opportunity to enroll in a 12-month extension study. Among the 129 eligible TU-treated subjects, 86 chose this option, and 69 completed 24 months of uninterrupted oral TU therapy.

Outcomes

The efficacy of oral TU was documented by measuring total serum T concentrations; sexual function was measured using the Psychosexual Daily Questionnaire (PDQ). For safety, liver function tests, cardiovascular endpoints, and prostate health were measured.

Results

Over 2 years, total serum T concentrations for patients treated with oral TU were in the eugonadal range (300–1,000 ng/dL [10–35 nmol/L]; mean ± SD: 617 ± 427 ng/dL [21 ± 15 nmol/L]) and increased significantly from baseline (P < .0001). For sexual function, mean score changes versus baseline for all PDQ domains at all time points were significantly improved (P < .0011 for all). For the sexual activity and sexual desire components, patient scores were consistently greater than validated thresholds for clinically meaningful change. Typical T-induced safety changes were observed, including a 3–6 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure (P < .05); a slight increase in hematocrit (P < .0001) that stayed <48% throughout the study; no clinically significant changes in prostate-specific antigen levels; and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-9.8 ± 0.9 mg/dL from baseline; P < .0001). There were no clinically significant changes from baseline in liver function tests.

Clinical Implications

Over 2 years of treatment, this novel oral TU formulation maintained total T concentrations in mideugonadal ranges, with improvements in sexual function and no clinically significant changes in liver function or other safety concerns previously associated with oral TRT.

Strengths & Limitations

These are the first long-term data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel formulation of oral TU; the comparative long-term safety of oral TU would be strengthened by confirmatory studies versus other TRT formulations.

Conclusion

Oral TU offers a safe and effective long-term treatment option for men with hypogonadism.
Ethnic Minority Representation in Female Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire Validation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Battle Carissa R. , Rubin Rachel S. , Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Alzweri Laith
Published: October 2022

Background

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a significant cause of distress for an estimated 12–24% of women, and over the past 5 decades several questionnaires have been developed for clinical practice.

Aim

The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the ethnic representation of sample populations used in the studies to validate FSD questionnaires.

Methods

A scoping review was performed using electronic databases, including PubMed and Scopus, to identify FSD questionnaires validated between 1976 and 2021. Weighted averages from the combined ethnicity data were compared to population data from 2019 US census data and 2018 healthcare workforce reports to evaluate epidemiologic diversity. Ethnicity data from each questionnaire were also investigated longitudinally to evaluate trends in representation over the past 50 years.

Outcomes

Our outcome of interest was comparison of the weighted averages for ethnicity categories from validation populations to the US female general population, US female health care workforce, and US census data.

Results

48 validation studies were reviewed and showed that the average ethnic representation of the study populations relative to the US general population and US female health care workforce, respectively, was: Caucasian (83.7% vs 62.7% and 68.5%), Black (7.8% vs 13.3% and 8.3%), Hispanic (3.6% vs 16.0% and 9.6%), Native American (0.1% vs 0.8% and 0.3%), Asian (0.6% vs 6.4% and 6.2%), and Other (3.1% vs 0.7% and 1.4%).

Clinical Implications

FSD questionnaires are relied upon in research and clinical settings, so lack of diversity in validation populations could lead to under recognition and undertreatment in ethnic minority women.

Strengths & Limitations

Our results are dependent on the quality of data available from previously published validation studies. We attempted to account for biases in lack of data and size of validation populations by using weighted averages for making comparisons. We chose the US general population and female healthcare workforce for comparison and analyzed validation populations across multiple decades and geographic locations. Many of the validation studies were performed at least 10 years ago and may not reflect the current state of FSD and potential of questionnaire responses of ethnic minority women. This manuscript raises critical awareness regarding the lack of validated instruments for FSD in ethnically diverse women.

Conclusion

Study populations used to validate FSD questionnaires demonstrate a trend of ethnic minority underrepresentation relative to the US female general and healthcare workforce populations.
Orthodoxy and Heresy
Authors: Nemes Steven
Published: October 2022

'Orthodoxy' and 'heresy' are essential categories by which the 'Catholic' theological tradition evaluates the (im)propriety of various beliefs and practices relative to its non-negotiable commitments. This Element sketches moments in the development of Christian 'orthodoxy' and 'heresy' in time, as much in the Old and New Testament as in the history of the Church. It also touches upon the vexed theological-methodological question of the relation between Scripture and ecclesial Tradition before concluding with a critique of the 'Catholic' tradition's preoccupation with 'orthodoxy' and 'heresy' in favor of a Christian theology 'without anathemas' that is concerned only for truth.
Girsanov, Numeraires, and All That
Authors: Hagan Patrick S. , Lesniewski Andew
Published: October 2022

In this Element the authors review the technique of the change of numeraire in the martingale approach to option pricing. Their intention is to present a reader friendly explanation of the technique itself, and illustrate how it is applied in various fields of quantitative finance as the basis for building option valuation models. They start with an informal review of Girsanov's theorem, followed by a brief summary of the basic concepts of the arbitrage free pricing, and the technique of change of numeraire. This is followed by a number of applications of the change of numeraire technique including interest rate models, FX quanto adjustments, credit risk modeling, mortgage backed securities, and CMS rates.
On a Knife Edge
Authors: Afflerbach Holger
Published: October 2022

Was the outcome of the First World War on a knife edge? In this major new account of German wartime politics and strategy Holger Afflerbach argues that the outcome of the war was actually in the balance until relatively late in the war. Using new evidence from diaries, letters and memoirs, he fundamentally revises our understanding of German strategy from the decision to go to war and the failure of the western offensive to the radicalisation of Germany's war effort under Hindenburg and Ludendorff and the ultimate collapse of the Central Powers. He uncovers the struggles in wartime Germany between supporters of peace and hardliners who wanted to fight to the finish. He suggests that Germany was not nearly as committed to all-out conquest as previous accounts argue. Numerous German peace advances could have offered the opportunity to end the war before it dragged Europe into the abyss.
Breaking the chain Returning Concorde to service following the Paris accident – July 2000
Authors: Jupp J. A. , Britton J. R.
Published: October 2022

At 14h42 UTC (3.42pm BST), on Tuesday, 25 July 2000, Concorde F-BTSC, operated by Air France, started its take-off roll on runway 26 Right at Paris Charles de Gaulle, to undertake a charter flight to New York with nine crew and 100 passengers on board. Shortly before rotation, the front right tyre of the left main landing gear ran over a strip of metal, which had fallen from another aircraft, and was damaged. Debris was thrown against the bottom wing surface leading to a rupture of tank five. A major fire, fuelled by the massive leak, broke out almost immediately under the left wing. Problems appeared shortly afterwards on engine two and for a brief period on engine one. The aircraft took off. The crew shut down engine two following an engine fire alarm. The landing gear would not retract. The aircraft flew for about one minute at a speed of 200kt and an altitude of 200ft, but was unable to gain height or speed. Engine one then lost thrust, the aircraft’s angle of attack and bank increased sharply. The thrust on engines three and four fell suddenly. The aircraft crashed onto a hotel at Gonnesse. Everyone on board and four people in the hotel were killed.
The human-machine partnership in UCAV operations
Authors: White A. D.
Published: October 2022

At a time when a great deal of research on UCAVs is aimed at maximising their autonomy it should not be forgotten that human operators will, ultimately, remain ‘in control’ to some degree. The decision-sharing relationship between the operator and the UCAV depends on political constraints as well as the intelligence of the UCAV system. This in turn dictates the amount and type of information to be exchanged and the way in which it is communicated with the operator.

Operational flexibility is a key military driver and in order to achieve it, a variable autonomy command interface, combined with information fusion and intelligent decision-support systems, will be required. To be effective the operator will need to work in concert with the UCAV system rather than act simply as a command source and an information sink. The implications of this ‘partnership’ for command and monitoring requirements and in particular for weapons release authorisation, are discussed in this paper.
Left ventricular diastolic abnormalities in vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians
Authors: Varadarajan Padmini , Pai Ramdas G. , Fraser Gary E. , Abramov Dmitry , Jabo Brice , Mashchak Andrew , Herring Patricia , Burton Barbara , Sveen Lars E. , Knutsen Synnove F.
Published: October 2022

Vegetarians have less hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity, hence possibly lower risk of congestive heart failure (HF). We studied associations between vegetarian diets and echocardiographic markers of stage B HF. In a cross-sectional study, dietary pattern was ascertained by a validated FFQ. Echocardiograms were interpreted using standardised criteria. Participants were free-living subjects in Southern California who were older Adventist Health Study-2 cohort members. After exclusions, 133 subjects aged >60 years were enrolled. Their mean age was 72·7 (sd 8·7) years, 48·1 % were female, 32 % were African American and 71 % were vegetarian. Non-vegetarians had higher body weight (80·3 (sd 15·17) kg v. 71·3 (sd 16·2), P < 0·005), body surface area (1·92 (sd 0·24) m2v. 1·81 (sd 0·22) m2, P = 0·01) and prevalence of hypertension (63 % v. 47 %, P = 0·10). Adjusting for age, sex, race and physical activity, it is found that vegetarians had greater echocardiographic mitral annular e’ velocity (a measure of left ventricular (LV) relaxation) 7·44 v. 6·48 (non-vegetarian) cm/s (P = 0·011) and a yet greater contrast when vegans (7·66 cm/s, P = 0·011) were the group of interest. The ratio mid-to-late-diastolic mitral flow velocity (E/A) was also higher in vegans compared with non-vegetarians (1·02 and 0·84, respectively, P = 0·008). Mediation analyses suggested these associations may be partly related to higher blood pressures and BMI in the non-vegetarians. We conclude that vegetarians, especially vegans, appear to have better LV relaxation and fewer diastolic abnormalities than others. As dietary exposure is modifiable, one may speculate pending further investigation about the potential for reduction of stage B HF and later mortality.
A MULTILATERAL OPTION FOR VAT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE?
Authors: Xu Yan
Published: October 2022

Value-added tax, the most common form of consumption tax in the world, operates on a destination principle to ensure it is levied only in the place of final consumption in cases of cross-border transactions. The international trade in services and intangibles through digital means poses two challenges: finding the place of consumption and collecting the tax when services supplied by businesses in one jurisdiction are instantaneously consumed by customers in another. This article examines these challenges and considers how unilateral action and soft international responses have so far failed to achieve consistent destination basis taxation. An alternative option would be to adopt a hard multilateral response that would overcome the limitations of unilateralism and soft-law approaches and achieve consistent destination basis taxation in the digitalised economy.
INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AND THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC INTERESTS
Authors: Riffel Christian
Published: October 2022

This article analyses what is widely known as the police powers exemption found in modern international investment agreements, with a focus on mega-regional trade and investment agreements. It explores its legal nature and requirements, the burden of proof and issues of compensation. In an attempt to curb (indirect) expropriation claims, the exemption carves out non-discriminatory regulatory measures from the scope of indirect expropriation and in such situations no compensation needs to be paid. It follows that, as a rule, foreign investors are not protected against the adverse economic effects of regulatory measures. The key question addressed is whether host States can increase the level of protection given to public welfare objectives through the use of this exemption without having to compensate investors for the measures taken. The article argues that, under the proportionality test embodied in the exemption, States can provide the level of protection that they desire without incurring a risk of liability as regards expropriation claims.
On being Chinese and being complexified: Chinese IR as a transcultural project
Authors: Choi Inho
Published: October 2022

While proponents of Chinese IR pursue a national school based on the identification of Chineseness with the Chinese national culture, its critics find a limited value in the ‘Chinese’ school as a mere temporary site for non-Western agencies. In contrast, I argue a distinctive and enduring Chinese IR is possible if it adopts a non-national and non-essentialised transcultural conception of Chineseness. This transcultural Chinese IR is based first on the contested and transcultural conception of Chineseness and second on the ontology of Chineseness as immanent humanity. Chineseness has been a fiction of a privileged descent from antiquity, which various contestants claimed by redefining the meaning of Chineseness. The shi elites, in particular, developed Chineseness as an aspirational ethos that propelled it to transcend its cultural boundary by incorporating foreign influences and thereby rendered Chineseness transcultural. Also, drawing on the ontological turn and Roy Wagner's work in anthropology, I show how Chineseness as immanent humanity transcends the category of culture, transforming the division of innate nature and constructed culture. The transcultural Chinese IR, with its own complexity and universal aspiration, uses its history and ontology to complexify both its tradition internally and other IR traditions externally, promoting the pluralisation of IR.
Patient-centered health technology assessment: a perspective on engagement in health technology assessment by three patient organizations and a health technology assessment body
Authors: Arntsen Kathleen A. , Blount Linda G. , Dickerson Bradley J. , Koola Catherine P. , Venable Yvette , Wildman Patrick
Published: October 2022

Patient engagement in health technology assessment (HTA) has become increasingly important over the past 20 years. Academic and practitioner literature has produced numerous case studies and best practice accounts of patient involvement practices around the world. This text analyzes the experience of being involved in an Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) HTA review in the United States. The analysis comes from the joint perspective of three patient organizations: Lupus and Allied Diseases Association, Inc.; Lupus Foundation of America; and Black Women’s Health Imperative, as well as ICER. We suggest that meaningful, patient-centered engagement, where patient communities are systematically integrated throughout the review, can be a way of returning to the discipline’s roots focusing on technologies’ societal and ethical impact. It is a process that requires robust commitment from all involved but produces assessments relevant to those directly affected by them.
Making Maritime Boundaries in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Ramnath Kalyani
Published: October 2022

This essay explores the making of maritime boundaries in the Bay of Bengal in the northern Indian Ocean, emphasizing the role of visualizations in establishing states' jurisdictional claims to unstable coasts and ephemeral islands. These include colonial-era revenue surveys of the Sunderbans, sketches of land formation in the Godavari delta appended to case papers in litigations, nautical charts and inspection reports of the seabed in the Gulf of Mannar, maps drawn at the time of partitioning the subcontinent in South Asia and satellite imagery of the Bay's littoral. These visualizations are the everyday materials that delineate sea space in law, as judges, lawyers and states navigate fluidity and fixity, accuracy and equity in international law.
Insights into Natufian Social Identity: A Case Study from the Graveyard of Hayonim Cave
Authors: Grosman Leore , Belfer-Cohen Anna
Published: October 2022

Summing up the data deriving from the Natufian burials at Hayonim Cave which incorporates information pertaining to the last grave uncovered on site (Grave XVII), the paper endeavours to understand the role of burials within the evolving Natufian society at large. It seems that certain sites—Hayonim Cave being a case in point—served as special localities, used by a particular group as a burial ground all through the Natufian time-span (i.e. for more than 3000 years). Members of that group returned to the cave again and again in order to bury their dead, being aware of the location of the preceding graves, apparently retaining a long-term memory of their burial practices. At the same time, at least some burials provide evidence for inter-group ties, as evident through particular similarities between certain burials in two distinct Natufian sites, Hayonim Cave and Eynan (‘Ain Mallaha). Clearly, retention of mortuary practices played a significant role in consolidating and preserving social cohesion in the Natufian society.
Redefining Urban Citizenship: Italian Migrants and Housing Occupations in 1970s Frankfurt am Main
Authors: Jacobson Sarah
Published: October 2022

This article examines an overlooked group of participants within 1970s housing occupation movements in Western Europe – migrants. More specifically, I analyse Italian migrants’ participation in housing occupations in the city of Frankfurt am Main, West Germany, from 1970–3. By engaging in visible protest, Italian migrant occupiers performed ‘acts of urban citizenship’ that ruptured understandings of localised citizenship and belonging. This case study thus illuminates two interrelated historic phenomena: (1) how social rights became de-territorialised and attached to the individual rather than the nation-state; and (2) how the city became a crucial site of citizenship formation, even across national borders.
Context matters: criticism and accommodation by close others associated with treatment attitudes in those with anxiety
Authors: Merritt Olivia A. , Rowa Karen , Purdon Christine L.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Many people with anxiety do not seek therapy due to negative views of treatment. Although close others (e.g. romantic partners, family members, close friends) are highly involved in treatment decisions, the role of specific relational behaviours in treatment ambivalence has yet to be studied.

Aims:

This study examines the relationship between social predictors (perceived criticism and accommodation of anxiety symptoms by close others) and treatment ambivalence.

Method:

Community members who met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety-related disorder (N = 65) and students who showed high levels of anxiety (N = 307) completed an online study. They were asked to imagine they were considering starting cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for their anxiety and complete a measure of treatment ambivalence accordingly. They then completed measures of perceived criticism and accommodation by close others. Linear regression was used to examine the predictive value of these variables while controlling for sample type (clinical/analogue) and therapy experience.

Results:

Greater reactivity to criticism from close others and greater accommodation of anxiety symptoms by close others were associated with greater treatment ambivalence in those with anxiety. These predictors remained significant even when controlling for therapy history and sample type.

Conclusions:

When it comes to treatment attitudes, relational context matters. Clients demonstrating ambivalence about starting therapy may benefit from discussion about the impact of their social environment on ambivalence.
Zipping Up Data to Zap It Back from an Icy Moon
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: October 2022

NASA wants to send instruments to distant moons like Europa and Enceladus to search for life. But getting vital data back to Earth over limited bandwidth will take some impressive compression software.
Subduction and Slab Detachment Under Moving Trenches During Ongoing India‐Asia Convergence
Authors: Qayyum Abdul , Lom Nalan , Advokaat Eldert L. , Spakman Wim , van der Meer Douwe G. , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J.
Published: October 2022

The dynamics of slab detachment and associated geological fingerprints have been inferred from various numerical and analog models. These invariably use a setup with slab‐pull‐driven convergence in which a slab detaches below a mantle‐stationary trench after the arrest of plate convergence due to arrival of continental lithosphere. In contrast, geological reconstructions show that post‐detachment plate convergence is common and that trenches and sutures are rarely mantle‐stationary during detachment. Here, we identify the more realistic kinematic context of slab detachment using the example of the India‐Asia convergent system. We first show that only the India and Himalayas slabs (from India's northern margin) and the Carlsberg slab (from the western margin) unequivocally detached from Indian lithosphere. Several other slabs below the Indian Ocean do not require a Neotethyan origin and may be of Mesotethys and Paleotethys origin. Additionally, the still‐connected slabs are being dragged together with the Indian plate forward (Hindu Kush) or sideways (Burma, Chaman) through the mantle. We show that Indian slab detachment occurred at moving trenches during ongoing plate convergence, providing more realistic geodynamic conditions for use in future numerical and analog experiments. We identify that the actively detaching Hindu Kush slab is a type‐example of this setting, whilst a 25–13 Ma phase of shallow detachment of the Himalayas slab, here reconstructed from plate kinematics and tomography, agrees well with independent, published geological estimates from the Himalayas orogen of slab detachment. The Sulaiman Ranges of Pakistan may hold the geological signatures of detachment of the laterally dragged Carlsberg slab.
Magnetotelluric Evidence for Lithospheric Alteration Beneath the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen: Implications for Thermal Structure of South China
Authors: Cheng Yuanzhi , Hu Xiangyun , Han Bo , Li Yiman , Kong Yanlong , Tang Ji
Published: October 2022

The Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen experienced a polyphase tectonomagmatism and is a key region for deciphering the alteration and thermal structure of the South China Block lithosphere. Herein, an electrical resistivity model of the lithosphere is presented via the three‐dimensional inversion of broadband (0.003–3600 s) magnetotelluric (MT) data collected along a 380‐km‐long profile comprising 62 MT sites across the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen, and the robustness of this model is critically evaluated through a series of sensitivity tests. The resistivity model reveals that the upper crust of the Cathaysia Block and the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen is dominated by high‐resistivity sedimentary cover interposed with low‐resistivity features, mainly along fault zones. High‐resistivity bodies and strong conductors in the upper crust are interpreted as magmatic rocks and tectonic mélanges, respectively. Another feature of this resistivity model is the presence of zones featuring enhanced electrical conductivity (<30 Ωm) extending from the lower crust to the upper mantle beneath the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen. The conductors in the lower crust are attributed to saline fluids from either the dehydration of the subducting Paleo‐Pacific slab or the regional metamorphism‐induced dehydration of sandy argillaceous rocks. In contrast, the conductors in the upper mantle are attributed to 4%–7% partial melt, which corresponds to the analyses of mantle xenoliths in South China. These conductors in the upper crust and upper mantle supply volatiles and heat to shallow geothermal systems. This work ultimately shows that the lithospheric thinning of South China is controlled mainly by mantle upwelling caused by the retreat of the subducting Paleo‐Pacific slab.
On the Temperatures of Planetary Magnetosheaths at the Subsolar Points
Authors: Shen Chao , Ren Nian , Qureshi M. N. S. , Guo Yang
Published: October 2022

This research explores the relationship between the temperatures of the solar corona and planetary magnetosheaths. Based on the second law of thermodynamics, the maximum temperature of the planetary magnetosheaths cannot exceed that of the solar corona. A theoretical investigation is presented into the expansion of the solar corona, the propagation of solar wind, and the compression of planetary magnetosheaths by bow shocks. The method used is general and fits the dynamics of multiple components, thermal anisotropy, and non‐Maxwellian plasmas in the steady state, and approximate formulas are obtained. The results indicate that, for the steady state, planetary magnetosheaths at the subsolar points in the solar system have approach peak mean temperatures. Second, a systematic statistical survey of the average temperature of the planetary magnetosheaths is presented and shows that the average plasma temperature of the subsolar point magnetosheaths of Earth and Saturn are 206 eV (2.39 MK) and 171 eV (1.98 MK), respectively, which are close to that of the corona. The statistical results are consistent with the theoretical estimations. These results are of significant use for estimating the thermal properties of the planetary magnetospheres.
Reassessment of Hydrate Destabilization Mechanisms Offshore West Svalbard Confirms Link to Recent Ocean Warming
Authors: Trivedi Akash , Sarkar Sudipta , Marin‐Moreno Hector , Minshull Timothy A. , Whitehouse Pippa L. , Singh Utpal
Published: October 2022

The stability of methane hydrates at the feather edge of hydrate stability on the upper continental slope (UCS) is prone to ocean warming and relative sea level (RSL) change. West of Svalbard, methane seeps on the UCS were initially proposed to result from hydrate destabilization resulting from four decades of warming of Atlantic bottom water. Alternatively, it has been proposed that hydrate dissociation was triggered by RSL fall due to isostatic rebound over the past 8,000 yr rather than recent bottom water temperature (BWT) rise. Here, we address these two contrasting hypotheses by simulating the impact of 11,000 yr of BWT and RSL change on hydrates located at the UCS off west Svalbard. Our numerical simulation considers multiphase fluid and heat flow coupled with hydrate formation and dissociation. We used two reconstructions of local ice history (UiT and ICE‐6G_C) that predict contrasting results for the local sea level history. Over the past 8,000 yr, the UiT model predicts a fall in RSL on the UCS, while the ICE‐6G_C model, which provides a better fit to nearby coastal RSL observations, predicts a continuous rise. Our modeling shows that whilst long‐term RSL fall would progressively thin the region of hydrate stability, the abrupt rise in BWT enhances hydrate dissociation. Even in the model with an RSL rise, the increase in BWT causes hydrate destabilization and pore water freshening that matches observations. We conclude that recent ocean warming plays a critical role in hydrate dissociation west of Svalbard regardless of the longer‐term sea level history.
Intraseasonal Variability of Surface Circulation in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool Induced by Summer Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations
Authors: Song Lina , Wang Fan , Li Yuanlong , Lee June‐Yi
Published: October 2022

The Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) is the most influential mode of tropical atmospheric intraseasonal variability in boreal summer (May–October). This study investigates how the MISO drives the intraseasonal variability (ISV) of zonal currents (U) in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) region. An analysis of satellite observations confirms a close association between U ISV and the MISO, with MISO‐induced surface U anomalies reaching 16–19 cm s−1 near the equator and 4–5 cm s−1 in the Northern Hemisphere portion of the IPWP. These ISVs account for 15%–35% of the intensity changes in the major zonal currents. The spatial distribution of U ISV shows coherent enhancement and suppression of MISO convections with a lag of approximately 7 days as a delayed response to the tropical wind forcing. ISV anomalies show northward emanation following propagation of the MISO. Ocean model experiments confirm that large‐scale ISV in surface U is primarily caused by the wind forcing of the MISO. Owing to the convergence/divergence of MISO‐induced U ISV, significant warm water volume anomalies occur in the western‐to‐central equatorial Pacific.
Influence of UGT1A1 and SLC22A6 polymorphisms on the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of raltegravir in HIV-infected adults: a NEAT001/ANRS143 sub-study
Authors: Gurjar Rohan , Dickinson Laura , Carr Daniel , Stöhr Wolfgang , Bonora Stefano , Owen Andrew , D’Avolio Antonio , Cursley Adam , De Castro Nathalie , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Vandekerckhove Linos , Di Perri Giovanni , Pozniak Anton , Schwimmer Christine , Raffi François , Boffito Marta ,   the NEAT001/ANRS143 Study Group
Published: October 2022

Using concentration-time data from the NEAT001/ARNS143 study (single sample at week 4 and 24), we determined raltegravir pharmacokinetic parameters using nonlinear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM v.7.3; 602 samples from 349 patients) and investigated the influence of demographics and SNPs (SLC22A6 and UGT1A1) on raltegravir pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Demographics and SNPs did not influence raltegravir pharmacokinetics and no significant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships were observed. At week 96, UGT1A1*28/*28 was associated with lower virological failure (p = 0.012), even after adjusting for baseline CD4 count (p = 0.048), but not when adjusted for baseline HIV-1 viral load (p = 0.082) or both (p = 0.089). This is the first study to our knowledge to assess the influence of SNPs on raltegravir pharmacodynamics. The lack of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship is potentially an artefact of raltegravir’s characteristic high inter and intra-patient variability and also suggesting single time point sampling schedules are inadequate to thoroughly assess the influence of SNPs on raltegravir pharmacokinetics.
Impact of the selective A2AR and A2BR dual antagonist AB928/etrumadenant on CAR T cell function
Authors: Seifert Matthias , Benmebarek Mohamed-Reda , Briukhovetska Daria , Märkl Florian , Dörr Janina , Cadilha Bruno L. , Jobst Jakob , Stock Sophia , Andreu-Sanz David , Lorenzini Theo , Grünmeier Ruth , Oner Arman , Obeck Hannah , Majed Lina , Dhoqina Dario , Feinendegen Manouk , Gottschlich Adrian , Zhang Jin , Schindler Ulrike , Endres Stefan , Kobold Sebastian
Published: October 2022

Background

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been successfully translated to clinical practice for the treatment of B cell malignancies. The suppressive microenvironment of many malignancies is a bottleneck preventing treatment success of CAR T cells in a broader range of tumours. Among others, the immunosuppressive metabolite adenosine is present in high concentrations within many tumours and dampens anti-tumour function of immune cells and consequently therapeutic response.

Methods

Here, we present the impact of the selective adenosine A2A and A2B receptor antagonist AB928/etrumadenant on CAR T cell cytokine secretion, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. Using phosphorylation-specific flow cytometry, we evaluated the capability of AB928 to shield CAR T cells from adenosine-mediated signalling. The effect of orally administered AB928 on CAR T cells was assessed in a syngeneic mouse model of colon carcinoma.

Results

We found that immunosuppressive signalling in CAR T cells in response to adenosine was fully blocked by the small molecule inhibitor. AB928 treatment enhanced CAR T cell cytokine secretion and proliferation, granted efficient cytolysis of tumour cells in vitro and augmented CAR T cell activation in vivo.

Conclusions

Together our results suggest that combination therapy with AB928 represents a promising approach to improve adoptive cell therapy.
Proteomic time course of breast cancer cells highlights enhanced sensitivity to Stat3 and Src inhibitors prior to endocrine resistance development
Authors: Madden Stephen F. , Cremona Mattia , Farrelly Angela M. , Low Weng Hei , McBryan Jean
Published: October 2022

To prevent the development of endocrine-resistant breast cancer, additional targeted therapies are increasingly being trialled in combination with endocrine therapy. The molecular mechanisms facilitating cancer cell survival during endocrine treatment remain unknown but could help direct selection of additional targeted therapies. We present a novel proteomic timecourse dataset, profiling potential drug targets in a population of MCF7 cells during 1 year of tamoxifen treatment. Reverse phase protein arrays profiled >70 proteins across 30 timepoints. A biphasic response to tamoxifen was evident, which coincided with changes in growth rate. Tamoxifen strongly impeded cell growth for the first 160 days, followed by gradual growth recovery and eventual resistance development. The growth-impeded phase was distinguished by the phosphorylation of Stat3 (y705) and Src (y527). Tumour tissue from patients treated with neo-adjuvant endocrine therapy (<4 months) also displayed increased Stat3 and Src signalling. Inhibitors of Stat3 (napabucasin) and Src (dasatinib), were effective at killing tamoxifen-treated MCF7 and T47D cells. Sensitivity to both drugs was significantly enhanced once tamoxifen had induced the growth-impeded phase. This novel proteomic resource identifies key mechanisms enabling cell survival during tamoxifen treatment. It provides valuable insight into potential drug combinations and timing that may prevent the development of endocrine resistance.
Pyruvate carboxylase promotes malignant transformation of papillary thyroid carcinoma and reduces iodine uptake
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Chang , Pan Yu , Zhou Jinxin , Ju Huijun , Zhang Yifan
Published: October 2022

Previous studies have shown that pyruvate carboxylase (PC) plays a key role in the occurrence and progression of thyroid cancer (TC); however, the relationship between PC and iodine-refractory TC is unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of PC in the malignant progression and loss of iodine uptake in papillary TC (PTC) and to explore the potential therapeutic effect of PC inhibitors in iodine-refractory PTC. PC increased cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, inhibited expression of the iodine metabolism-related genes TSHR, NIS, TPO, and TG, and decreased the iodine-uptake capacity by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in PTC cell lines. Furthermore, the PC inhibitor ZY-444 effectively inhibited the activation of PC, reduced the malignant invasiveness, and restored the expression of iodine metabolism-related genes and the iodine-uptake capacity in PTC cells. These findings suggest that PC activation is involved in the progression of iodine-refractory TC and that PC inhibitors may represent a potentially novel targeted therapy for iodine-refractory TC.