bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between low Apgar scores and mortality by race in the United States: A cohort study of 6,809,653 infants
Authors: Gillette Emma , Boardman James P. , Calvert Clara , John Jeeva , Stock Sarah J.
Published: July 2022

Background

Apgar scores measure newborn health and are strongly associated with infant outcomes, but their performance has largely been determined in primarily white populations. Given the majority of the global population is not white, we aim to assess whether the association between low Apgar score and mortality in infants varies across racial groups.

Methods and findings

Population-based cohort study using 2016 to 2017 United States National Vital Statistics System data. The study included singleton infants born between 37+0 and 44+6 weeks to mothers over 15 years, without congenital abnormalities. We looked at 3 different mortality outcomes: (1) early neonatal mortality; (2) overall neonatal mortality; and (3) infant mortality. We used logistic regression to assess the association between Apgar score (categorized as low, intermediate, and normal) and each mortality outcome, and adjusted for gestational age, sex, maternal BMI, education, age, previous number of live births, and smoking status, and stratified these models by maternal race group (as self-reported on birth certificates). The cohort consisted of 6,809,653 infants (52.8% non-Hispanic white, 23.7% Hispanic, 13.8% non-Hispanic black, 6.6% non-Hispanic Asian, and 3.1% non-Hispanic other). A total of 6,728,829 (98.8%) infants had normal scores, 63,467 (0.9%) had intermediate scores, and 17,357 (0.3%) had low Apgar scores. Compared to infants with normal scores, low-scoring infants had increased odds of infant mortality. There was strong evidence that this association varied by race (p < 0.001) with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 54.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 49.9 to 59.4) in non-Hispanic white, 70.02 (95% CI 60.8 to 80.7) in Hispanic, 23.3 (95% CI 20.3 to 26.8) in non-Hispanic black, 100.4 (95% CI 74.5 to 135.4) in non-Hispanic Asian, and 26.8 (95% CI 19.8 to 36.3) in non-Hispanic other infants. The main limitation was missing data for some variables, due to using routinely collected data.

Conclusions

The association between Apgar scores and mortality varies across racial groups. Low Apgar scores are associated with mortality across racial groups captured by United States (US) records, but are worse at discriminating infants at risk of mortality for black and non-Hispanic non-Asian infants than for white infants. Apgar scores are useful clinical indicators and epidemiological tools; caution is required regarding racial differences in their applicability.
Quantifying political influence on COVID-19 fatality in Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Leandro , Carelli Pedro V. , Cavalcanti Nara Gualberto , do Nascimento José-Dias , Felinto Daniel
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic was severely aggravated in Brazil due to its politicization by the country’s federal government. However, the impact of diffuse political forces on the fatality of an epidemic is notoriously difficult to quantify. Here we introduce a method to measure this effect in the Brazilian case, based on the inhomogeneous distribution throughout the national territory of political support for the federal government. This political support is quantified by the voting rates in the last general election in Brazil. This data is correlated with the fatality rates by COVID-19 in each Brazilian state as the number of deaths grows over time. We show that the correlation between fatality rate and political support grows as the government’s misinformation campaign is developed. This led to the dominance of such political factor for the pandemic impact in Brazil in 2021. Once this dominance is established, this correlation allows for an estimation of the total number of deaths due to political influence as 350±70 thousand up to the end of 2021, corresponding to (57±11)% of the total number of deaths.
Morindone from Morinda citrifolia as a potential antiproliferative agent against colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Chee Cheok Wui , Zamakshshari Nor Hisam , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Abdullah Iskandar , Othman Rozana , Lee Yean Kee , Mohd Hashim Najihah , Nor Rashid Nurshamimi
Published: July 2022

There is an increasing demand in developing new, effective, and affordable anti-cancer against colon and rectal. In this study, our aim is to identify the potential anthraquinone compounds from the root bark of Morinda citrifolia to be tested in vitro against colorectal cancer cell lines. Eight potential anthraquinone compounds were successfully isolated, purified and tested for both in-silico and in-vitro analyses. Based on the in-silico prediction, two anthraquinones, morindone and rubiadin, exhibit a comparable binding affinity towards multitargets of β-catenin, MDM2-p53 and KRAS. Subsequently, we constructed a 2D interaction analysis based on the above results and it suggests that the predicted anthraquinones from Morinda citrifolia offer an attractive starting point for potential antiproliferative agents against colorectal cancer. In vitro analyses further indicated that morindone and damnacanthal have significant cytotoxicity effect and selectivity activity against colorectal cancer cell lines.
Incidence, recurring admissions and mortality of severe bacterial infections and sepsis over a 22-year period in the population-based HUNT study
Authors: Liyanarachi Kristin Vardheim , Solligård Erik , Mohus Randi Marie , Åsvold Bjørn O. , Rogne Tormod , Damås Jan Kristian
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Severe bacterial infections are important causes of hospitalization and loss of health worldwide. In this study we aim to characterize the total burden, recurrence and severity of bacterial infections in the general population during a 22-year period.

Methods

We investigated hospitalizations due to bacterial infection from eight different foci in the prospective population-based Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study), where all inhabitants aged ≥ 20 in a Norwegian county were invited to participate. Enrollment was between 1995 and 1997, and between 2006 and 2008, and follow-up ended in February 2017. All hospitalizations, positive blood cultures, emigrations and deaths in the follow-up period were captured through registry linkage.

Results

A total of 79,393 (69.5% and 54.1% of the invited population) people were included, of which 42,237 (53%) were women and mean age was 48.5 years. There were 37,298 hospitalizations due to infection, affecting 15,496 (22% of all included) individuals. The median time of follow-up was 20 years (25th percentile 9.5–75th percentile 20.8). Pneumonia and urinary tract infections were the two dominating foci with incidence rates of 639 and 550 per 100,000 per year, respectively, and with increasing incidence with age. The proportion of recurring admissions ranged from 10.0% (central nervous system) to 30.0% (pneumonia), whilst the proportion with a positive blood culture ranged from 4.7% (skin- and soft tissue infection) to 40.9% (central nervous system). The 30-day mortality varied between 3.2% (skin- and soft tissue infection) and 20.8% (endocarditis).

Conclusions

In this population-based cohort, we observed a great variation in the incidence, positive blood culture rate, recurrence and mortality between common infectious diseases. These results may help guide policy to reduce the infectious disease burden in the population.
Development of an instrument to measure mistreatment of women during childbirth through item response theory
Authors: Paiz Janini Cristina , de Jezus Castro Stela Maris , Giugliani Elsa Regina Justo , dos Santos Ahne Sarah Maria , Aqua Camila Bonalume Dall’ , Souto Alice Steglich , Giugliani Camila
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to structure a proposal for an instrument to measure the mistreatment level of women during childbirth, through item response theory, based on the birth experience of postpartum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with the inclusion of 287 women who did not suffer complications during childbirth, randomly selected from two maternity hospitals in the capital of Rio Grande do Sul—Brazil, in 2016. Approximately 30 days after delivery, the women answered questions in a face-to-face interview about their birth experience (practices and interventions applied) and were inquired about their perception of having suffered disrespect, mistreatment or humiliation by health professionals. The set of practices was included in the item response theory model to design the instrument. Of the 36 items included in the model, 21 dealt with practices applied exclusively to women who went into labor, therefore two instruments were developed. The instrument including all women, containing 09 items, identified 23.7% prevalence of mistreatment to women during childbirth, while the instrument for women going into labor included 11 items and identified 22% prevalence. The items with the highest discrimination were: not having had a companion during labor (2.05; and 1.26), not feeling welcome (1.81; and 1.58), and not feeling safe (1.59; and 1.70), for all women and for those who went into labor, respectively. For those who went into labor, the items, did not have a companion during labor (1.22; PE 0.88) and did not feel comfortable asking questions and participating in decisions (1.20; PE 0.43) also showed greater discrimination. In contrast, when directly questioned, only 12.5% of women said they had experienced disrespect or mistreatment, suggesting that harmful practices are often not recognized as violent. Standardizing the measurement of mistreatment of women during childbirth can create more accurate estimates of its prevalence and contribute to the proposal of strategies to eliminate obstetric violence.
Binge alcohol drinking before pregnancy is closely associated with the development of macrosomia: Korean pregnancy registry cohort
Authors: Koo Seul , Kim Ji Yeon , Park Ji Hye , Roh Gu Seob , Lim Nam Kyoo , Park Hyun Young , Kim Won-Ho
Published: July 2022

Background

Alcohol drinking during pregnancy has been well-known to cause the detrimental effects on fetal development; however, the adverse effects of pre-pregnancy drinking are largely unknown. We investigate whether alcohol drinking status before pregnancy is associated with the risk for macrosomia, an offspring’s adverse outcome, in a Korean pregnancy registry cohort (n = 4,542) enrolled between 2013 and 2017.

Methods

Binge drinking was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on one occasion and ≥2 times a week, and a total 2,886 pregnant, included in the final statistical analysis, were divided into 3 groups: never, non-binge, and binge drinking.

Results

The prevalence of macrosomia was higher in binge drinking before pregnancy than those with never or non-binge drinking (7.5% vs. 3.2% or 2.9%, p = 0.002). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated an independent association between macrosomia and prepregnancy binge drinking after adjusting for other confounders (adjusted odds ratio = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.08–4.86; p = 0.031). The model added binge drinking before pregnancy led to improvement of 10.6% (95% CI, 2.03–19.07; p = 0.0006) in discrimination from traditional risk prediction models.

Conclusion

Together, binge drinking before pregnancy might be an independent risk factor for developing macrosomia. Intensified intervention for drinking alcohol in women who are planning a pregnancy is important and may help prevent macrosomia.
Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation disrupts neuroplasticity of intracortical motor circuits
Authors: Liao Wei-Yeh , Sasaki Ryoki , Semmler John G. , Opie George M.
Published: July 2022

While previous research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) suggest that cerebellum (CB) influences the neuroplastic response of primary motor cortex (M1), the role of different indirect (I) wave inputs in M1 mediating this interaction remains unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to assess how CB influences neuroplasticity of early and late I-wave circuits. 22 young adults (22 ± 2.7 years) participated in 3 sessions in which I-wave periodicity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (iTMS) was applied over M1 during concurrent application of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over CB (tDCSCB). In each session, iTMS either targeted early I-waves (1.5 ms interval; iTMS1.5), late I-waves (4.5 ms interval; iTMS4.5), or had no effect (variable interval; iTMSSham). Changes due to the intervention were examined with motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude using TMS protocols measuring corticospinal excitability (MEP1mV) and the strength of CB-M1 connections (CBI). In addition, we indexed I-wave activity using short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) and low-intensity single-pulse TMS applied with posterior-anterior (MEPPA) and anterior-posterior (MEPAP) current directions. Following both active iTMS sessions, there was no change in MEP1mV, CBI or SICF (all P > 0.05), suggesting that tDCSCB broadly disrupted the excitatory response that is normally seen following iTMS. However, although MEPAP also failed to facilitate after the intervention (P > 0.05), MEPPA potentiated following both active iTMS sessions (both P < 0.05). This differential response between current directions could indicate a selective effect of CB on AP-sensitive circuits.
Mathematics Model of Diabetes Mellitus Illness without Genetic Factors with Treatment
Authors: Fitriyah Nurul , Musthofa Muhammad Wakhid , Rahayu Pipit Pratiwi
Published: July 2022

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in glucose levels in the blood (hyperglycemia), which causes various chronic complications due to abnormalities in insulin secretion. Diabetes Mellitus is known as the Mother of Disease because it is the mother of various other diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, stroke and blindness. In this paper, what would be studied was a mathematical model of Diabetes Mellitus without genetic factors with treatment, the model used for the approach in this case was in the form of SEIIT. The analysis includes determining the model's equilibrium point, determining the basic reproduction number (R0) and analyzing the stability around the equilibrium point. Furthermore, numerical simulation using MAPLE was given based on the values of the related parameters in the mathematical model that describes the conditions in each subpopulation class.
La autobiografía ambiental como posibilidad de conocimiento del “yo” en/con la naturaleza
Authors: Siqueira Ivone dos Santos , Da Silva Freitas Nívia Magalhães , Da Silva Freitas Nadia Magalhães
Published: July 2022

Para reflexionar sobre los aspectos que inciden en la relación entre el ser humano y la naturaleza, propusimos a un grupo de estudiantes de la Licenciatura Integrada en Ciencias, Matemática y Lenguaje, de la Universidad Federal do Pará, rescatar sus recuerdos, registrándolos en una autobiografía ambiental llamada; el “yo” en/con la naturaleza. La investigación se basó en la modalidad narrativa. Los textos autobiográficos fueron sometidos a un análisis textual discursivo. En él, los recuerdos-referencias presentaban ecos bucólicos, se asumió el entorno como un “objeto” de afecto; de allí, la relación entre el ser humano y la naturaleza requirió una consideración crítica revelando vínculos entro los sujetos y la naturaleza. Además, el ejercicio de memoria se centró en el tema ambiental sobre la experiencia de cada persona. Este trabajo de investigación-formación, nos mostró que los estudios y la problematización de los temas ambientales pueden tratarse a partir de los lugares de la vida cotidiana. Concluimos que la autobiografía ambiental ha sido un recurso privilegiado para el desarrollo del autoconocimiento en relación con el medio ambiente.
Percepções De Estudantes Sobre Usinas Nucleares E O Resíduo Radioativo
Authors: Gombrade Rafael , Londero Leandro
Published: July 2022

Apresentamos os resultados de uma investigação que analisou as percepções de um grupo de estudantes acerca das usinas nucleares e do resíduo radioativo. Trata-se de um recorte de um projeto maior, o qual culminou na produção de uma dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor. As percepções dos estudantes estão associadas aos riscos de catástrofes que as instalações nucleares podem ocasionar e às consequências que a exposição à radioatividade pode causar ao corpo humano. Essas percepções podem estar associadas a informações obtidas por meio de notícias veiculadas na mídia impressa ou televisiva, programas televisivos, filmes, documentários e séries streaming que abordam a temática da energia nuclear. Tanto as notícias quanto as produções televisivas reforçam o estereótipo do medo em relação aos riscos da radiação e da radioatividade. Os resultados de nosso estudo podem ser utilizados por professores de física ou química quando do ensino das Radiações Ionizantes. Defendemos que discussões sobre as Radiações Ionizantes sejam levadas para a sala de aula, a fim de que concepções equivocadas sejam minimizadas e que os estudantes se apropriem das ideias e dos conceitos pertencentes a Física das radiações ionizantes.
Information pollution in an age of populist politics
Authors: Malin Joel , Lubienski Christopher
Published: July 2022

The increasing influence of private interests in public policy has been facilitated by a growth in sources of “alternative” information and expertise. In education, teachers and schools are often the targets of these sources. This has been associated with a new political economy where private interests advance reform agendas largely through funding new information sources that ignore long-standing empirical evidence on factors shaping school outcomes in favor of anecdotes and misunderstandings about issues in education. This manuscript argues “information pollution” relative to U.S. politics and policy is presently at crisis levels, and that it is particularly acute relative to education policy. In this policy area, we show how special interests are using (mis)information strategies to purportedly elevate parent voices but are in effect promoting the interests of private actors and de-professionalizing both expertise and educators. We seek to understand this major issue, placing it within a broader sociopolitical context. The concluding discussion considers what might be required to move in a healthier direction that would bring U.S. education policy and practice into closer alignment with evidence and expertise.
Palm Oil Milling Effluent (POME) Waste Processing by Using Microalgae Chlamydomonas sp.
Authors: Yonas Riky , Irzandi Uray , Satriadi Hantoro , Widayat W. , Christwardana Marcelinus , Hadiyanto H.
Published: July 2022

Along with the growth in oil palm output, the amount of trash produced will also increase. Every palm oil mill is responsible for the disposal of liquid waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME includes very high levels of BOD and COD, which may hinder the development of microalgae. Before POME may be utilized as a medium for the growth and development of microalgae, a detailed investigation is required to establish the pretreatment measures necessary to reduce the BOD and COD levels. The purpose of this investigation of POME waste as a substrate for the growth and development of microalgae is to examine the POME processing procedure utilizing wild microalgae. The experimental technique consisted of adding POME and microalgae to the Erlemeyer in accordance with the required proportion. Research demonstrates that POME pond IV waste may be utilized as a substrate for the development of wild microalgae to lower POME waste BOD and COD levels. The variables used were the ratio of POME to microalgae volume and the quantity of nutrients supplied. Microalgae growth at a ratio of 1:4 produced the greatest decreases in BOD and COD, namely 61.66 ppm and 173.33 ppm from 110.6 ppm and 496.67 ppm, respectively. The impact of adding nutrient C at a concentration of 120 ppm led to the greatest decrease of BOD and COD, namely 65.33 ppm and 186.67 ppm, whereas adding nutrient N at a concentration of 40 ppm led to the greatest reduction of BOD and COD, namely 55.41 ppm and 158.33 ppm.
GC-MS analysis of Vespa velutina auraria Smith and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhou Si-Tong , Wu Xiu-Mei , Pang Xiu-Qin , Ni Lian-Li , Yuan Shi-Meng , Yang Zhi-Bin , Li Yue-Hua , Xiao Huai
Published: July 2022

Vespa velutina auraria Smith is an edible and medicinal insect in China. This study demonstrated the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities and the volatile composition identification determined by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity screening results showed that the ethanol extracts of both the fresh and dried samples exhibited an efficient antioxidant activity for three models, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) free radicals scavenging capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The anti-inflammatory activity screening in vitro indicated that ethanol extracts had considerable inhibitory effect on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in macrophages, but had no influence on IL-6 expression. GC-MS analyses of volatile composition of V. auraria identified 46 components, representing 75.76% of the total peak areas from fresh sample, and 34 components, 84.70% of the total peak areas from dried ones. The volatile constituents were very different in the petroleum ether part of fresh and dried ones. The three major components are hentriacontane (7.76%), n-hexadecanoic acid (6.54%), and palmitoleic acid (4.50%) in the fresh sample, while they are benzeneacetaldehyde (13.11%), dodecanoic acid (7.08%), and oleic Acid (6.72%) in the dried sample.
Development of writing abilities across languages and school-levels: Room descriptions produced in three languages at primary and secondary school
Authors: Egli Cuenat Mirjam
Published: July 2022

This partially longitudinal study focussed on the ability of pupils to write descriptive texts in English and French as foreign languages and German as language of schooling. The teaching of two foreign languages from primary school onwards is compulsory in Switzerland, where this study is situated. The study responds to the urgent need for empirical research on cross-linguistic and cross-level development as a foundation for the improvement of language teaching. Current curricula do provide for the coherent fostering of the plurilingual repertoires of learners, across languages and school levels. But this still stands in sharp contrast to the multiple compartmentalisations and discontinuities induced by the educational system. Letters with spatial descriptions were collected in a quasi-experimental design in the canton of St. Gallen at the end of primary school (Year 6, N=185) and in the first year of secondary school (Year 7, N=218). The texts were analysed in terms of spatial organisation and text length. Moderate but statistically significant correlations between languages were found for both variables. The analysis revealed continuity of the development in the foreign languages, but stagnation in the language of schooling. The benefits of fostering transversally accessible textual patterns through a genre-based approach, in particular for the second foreign language (L3), are discussed.
Der Werwolf in norddeutschen Sagen
Authors: Himstedt-Vaid Petra
Published: July 2022

Die Darstellung des Werwolfs in norddeutschen Sagen basiert auf den größtenteils handschriftlichen Zetteln aus der Sammlung von Richard Wossidlo. Die in dem Zettelkasten „Werwolf“ versammelten Sagen spiegeln vor allem soziale Strukturen der ländlichen Gesellschaft des achtzehnten und neunzehnten Jahrhunderts in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern wider. Es geht insbesondere um das konfliktreiche Verhältnis von Gutsbesitzern und Bediensteten, aber auch um die Verwandlung von sozialen Außenseitern in einen Werwolf. Neben der sozialen Komponente kommen bei der Selbst- und Fremdverwandlung in die Wolfsgestalt Elemente des Volksglaubens und Zaubermittel zum Tragen.
A cost-effective and eco-friendly biosorption technology for complete removal of nickel ions from an aqueous solution: Optimization of process variables
Authors: El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , Hamouda Ragaa A. , Abuelmagd Muhammad A. , Alharbi Maha M. , Darwish Doaa Bahaa Eldin , Rabei Nashwa H. , Farfour Safinaz A.
Published: July 2022

The enormous industrial usage of nickel during its manufacture and recycling has led to widespread environmental pollution. This study was designed to examine the ability of Gelidium amansii biomass to biosorb Ni2+ ions from an aqueous solution. Six independent variables, including contact time (1.0 and 3.0 h), pH (4 and 7), Ni2+ concentration (25 and 200 mg·L−1), temperature (25°C and 50°C), G. amansii biomass (1.0 and 4.0 g·L−1), and agitation mode (agitation or static), were investigated to detect the significance of each factor using a Plackett–Burman design. The analysis of variance for the Ni2+ biosorption percentage indicated that three independent variables (contact time, temperature, and agitation–static mode) exhibited a high level of significance in the Ni2+ biosorption process. Twenty experiments were conducted containing six axial, eight factorial, and six replicates points at center points. The resulting face-centered central composite design analysis data for the biosorption of Ni2+ exhibited a very large variation in the removal percentage of Ni2+, which ranged from 29.73 to 100.00%. The maximum Ni2+ biosorption percentage was achieved in the 16th run with an experimental percentage quantified as 100.00% under the experimental conditions of 3 h of incubation time and 45°C with 100 rpm for agitation speed.
Overcoming the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of backward stochastic differential equations
Authors: Hutzenthaler Martin , Jentzen Arnulf , Kruse Thomas , Anh Nguyen Tuan
Published: July 2022

Backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) belong nowadays to the most frequently studied equations in stochastic analysis and computational stochastics. BSDEs in applications are often nonlinear and high-dimensional. In nearly all cases such nonlinear high-dimensional BSDEs cannot be solved explicitly and it has been and still is a very active topic of research to design and analyze numerical approximation methods to approximatively solve nonlinear high-dimensional BSDEs. Although there are a large number of research articles in the scientific literature which analyze numerical approximation methods for nonlinear BSDEs, until today there has been no numerical approximation method in the scientific literature which has been proven to overcome the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of nonlinear BSDEs in the sense that the number of computational operations of the numerical approximation method to approximatively compute one sample path of the BSDE solution grows at most polynomially in both the reciprocal

1

/

ε

$ 1 / \varepsilon $

of the prescribed approximation accuracy

ε
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

$ \varepsilon \in(0, \infty) $

and the dimension

d
∈

N

=
{
1
,
2
,
3
,
…
}

$ d\in {\mathbb{N}}=\{1,2,3,\ldots\} $

of the BSDE. It is the key contribution of this article to overcome this obstacle by introducing a new Monte Carlo-type numerical approximation method for high-dimensional BSDEs and by proving that this Monte Carlo-type numerical approximation method does indeed overcome the curse of dimensionality in the approximative computation of solution paths of BSDEs.
Unbounded oscillation criteria for fourth order neutral differential equations of non-canonical type
Authors: Mohanta Rashmi Rekha , Tripathy Arun Kumar
Published: July 2022

In this work, sufficient conditions are established for oscillation of all unbounded solutions of a class of fourth order neutral differential equations of the form

(r(t)(y(t)+p(t)y(t−τ))″)″+q(t)G(y(t−α))−h(t)H(y(t−σ))=0$$\begin{array}{}\displaystyle (r(t)(y(t)+p(t)y(t-\tau))'')''+q(t)G(y(t-\alpha))-h(t)H(y(t-\sigma)) = 0\end{array} $$

under the non-canonical type assumption

∫0∞tr(t)dt<∞$$\begin{array}{}\displaystyle \int\limits_{0}^{\infty}\frac{t}{r(t)}{\rm d} t \lt \infty\end{array} $$

for various ranges ofp(t) with ∣p(t)∣ < ∞.
Contemporary review on carbon nanotube (CNT) composites and their impact on multifarious applications
Authors: Choudhary Megha , Sharma Aaruni , Aravind Raj S. , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed , Hui David , Shah Ain Umaira Md
Published: July 2022

Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have found widespread use in various industries, from aerospace to energy, due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical, and tribological properties. Their lightweight nature, small size, incredible tensile strength, and conductivity have made them very popular as reinforcements in metals, polymers, and even finding employment in additive manufacturing. In this review, we provide a rundown of these structures and discuss in detail the numerous methods used to process CNT-reinforced materials, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), ball milling, hot pressing, and selective laser melting. The limitations of manufacturing and processing these composites are also discussed, strengthened by the support of different published works. To understand the changes in the properties of these composites in terms of varying parameters such as temperature, CNT length, diameter, etc., an extensive summary is provided, describing several techniques to perform experimental analysis and giving plausible reasons for attributing these changes. Consequently, we explore the specific areas of applications for these CNT-reinforced composites in fields such as aerospace, energy, biomedical, and automobile, and how they can be further processed and changed to allow for more affordable and efficient solutions in the future.
Breather wave and double-periodic soliton solutions for a (2+1)-dimensional generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation
Authors: Zhang Yun-Xia , Xiao Li-Na
Published: July 2022

In this work, a (2+1)-dimensional generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation realized to represent the propagation of unidirectional shallow water waves is investigated. We first study the breather wave solutions based on the three-wave method and the bilinear form. Second, the double-periodic soliton solutions are obtained via an undetermined coefficient method, which have not been seen in other literature. We present some illustrative figures to discuss the dynamic properties of the derived waves.
multifuncionalidad de la agricultura como herramienta de análisis de políticas agrarias: el caso del programa Sembrando Vida en Chahuites, Oaxaca
Authors: Cortez Egremy Juan Gerardo , Baca del Moral Julio , Uribe Gómez Miguel , Gómez Hernández Teodoro , Valdés Velarde Eduardo
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de este artículo fue exponer el uso del enfoque de la agricultura multifuncional como herramienta de análisis y evaluación de políticas agrarias a través de un estudio de caso realizado en el municipio de Chahuites, Oaxaca; donde se determinó el impacto que está teniendo el programa Sembrando Vida en el desarrollo socioeconómico de sus beneficiarios y en el uso y manejo de los recursos naturales. Para ello se utilizó una metodología mixta basada en tres estrategias: análisis documental de políticas públicas, análisis de frecuencias y análisis basado en evidencias. Los resultados mostraron un impacto negativo en el desarrollo socioeconómico de los beneficiarios, debido a que el apoyo económico es insuficiente para cumplir con las tareas del programa y con la satisfacción de sus necesidades básicas. En el uso y manejo de los recursos naturales, el impacto es negativo, ya que el programa promueve la deforestación.
Quantifying false bottoms and under-ice meltwater layers beneath Arctic summer sea ice with fine-scale observations
Authors: Smith Madison M. , von Albedyll Luisa , Raphael Ian A. , Lange Benjamin A. , Matero Ilkka , Salganik Evgenii , Webster Melinda A. , Granskog Mats A. , Fong Allison , Lei Ruibo , Light Bonnie
Published: July 2022

During the Arctic melt season, relatively fresh meltwater layers can accumulate under sea ice as a result of snow and ice melt, far from terrestrial freshwater inputs. Such under-ice meltwater layers, sometimes referred to as under-ice melt ponds, have been suggested to play a role in the summer sea ice mass balance both by isolating the sea ice from saltier water below, and by driving formation of ‘false bottoms’ below the sea ice. Such layers form at the interface of the fresher under-ice layer and the colder, saltier seawater below. During the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in the Central Arctic, we observed the presence of under-ice meltwater layers and false bottoms throughout July 2020 at primarily first-year ice locations. Here, we examine the distribution, prevalence, and drivers of under-ice ponds and the resulting false bottoms during this period. The average thickness of observed false bottoms and freshwater equivalent of under-ice meltwater layers was 0.08 m, with false bottom ice comprised of 74–87% FYI melt and 13–26% snow melt. Additionally, we explore these results using a 1D model to understand the role of dynamic influences on decoupling the ice from the seawater below. The model comparison suggests that the ice-ocean friction velocity was likely exceptionally low, with implications for air-ice-ocean momentum transfer. Overall, the prevalence of false bottoms was similar to or higher than noted during other observational campaigns, indicating that these features may in fact be common in the Arctic during the melt season. These results have implications for the broader ice-ocean system, as under-ice meltwater layers and false bottoms provide a source of ice growth during the melt season, potentially reduce fluxes between the ice and the ocean, isolate sea ice primary producers from pelagic nutrient sources, and may alter light transmission to the ocean below.
Cryo‐EM reveals mechanisms of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme allostery and dimerization
Authors: Lubbe Lizelle , Sewell Bryan Trevor , Woodward Jeremy D , Sturrock Edward D
Published: July 2022

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. The somatic isoform of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (sACE) plays a critical role in blood pressure regulation, and ACE inhibitors are thus widely used to treat hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Our current understanding of sACE structure, dynamics, function, and inhibition has been limited because truncated, minimally glycosylated forms of sACE are typically used for X‐ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we report the first cryo‐EM structures of full‐length, glycosylated, soluble sACE (sACES1211). Both monomeric and dimeric forms of the highly flexible apo enzyme were reconstructed from a single dataset. The N‐ and C‐terminal domains of monomeric sACES1211 were resolved at 3.7 and 4.1 Å, respectively, while the interacting N‐terminal domains responsible for dimer formation were resolved at 3.8 Å. Mechanisms are proposed for intradomain hinging, cooperativity, and homodimerization. Furthermore, the observation that both domains were in the open conformation has implications for the design of sACE modulators.
Unbalance Failure Recognition Using Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Mohd Ruslan Muhammad Faridzul Faizal , Hassan Mohd Firdaus
Published: July 2022

Many machine learning models have been created in recent years, which focus on recognising bearings and gearboxes with less attention on detecting unbalance issues. Unbalance is a fundamental issue that frequently occurs in deteriorating machinery, which requires checking prior to significant faults such as bearing and gearbox failures. Unbalance will propagate unless correction happens, causing damage to neighbouring components, such as bearings and mechanical seals. Because recurrent neural networks are well-known for their performance with sequential data, in this study, RNN is proposed to be developed using only two statistical moments known as the crest factor and kurtosis, with the goal of producing an RNN capable of producing better unbalanced fault predictions than existing machine learning models. The results reveal that RNN prediction efficacies are dependent on how the input data is prepared, with separate datasets of unbalanced data producing more accurate predictions than bulk datasets and combined datasets. This study shows that if the dataset is prepared in a specific way, RNN has a stronger prediction capability, and a future study will explore a new parameter to be fused along with present statistical moments to increase RNN’s prediction capability.
Heat Transfer and Exergy Analysis of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger using PGW based ZnO Nanofluids
Authors: U.D. Das  , Hossain Md. Abu Mowazzem , J.U. Ahamed  , M.E.A. Razzaq
Published: July 2022

In this experimental work, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical precipitation method, and the nanoparticle structure and morphology were characterized through XRD and SEM. Heat transfer and exergetic characteristics were then studied in a shell and tube heat exchanger using PGW-based ZnO nanofluids varying nanoparticle volume concentration and nanofluid (shell side) flow rate at 6, 8, 10 and 12 litres/min. The hot water flow rate was fixed at 12 litres/min. The experimental results show that the heat transfer rate was improved by increasing the nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid flow rate. When the nanoparticle volume concentration was 0.3 per cent, the maximum enhancement of heat transfer rate and average heat transfer coefficient using ZnO nanofluids were 35.9 per cent and 40.2 per cent, respectively, in comparison to the base fluid. Exergy loss and dimensionless exergy loss both increased with nanofluid flow rate and dropped substantially with increased nanoparticle volume concentrations. The average increment of exergetic effectiveness at three different nanoparticle volume concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) are 10.68%, 23.64%, and 31.23% respectively. The highest exergetic sustainability index (0.41) and lowest environmental impact factor (2.42) were observed when the nanoparticle concentration was 0.3% with the nanofluid flow rate of 6 litres/min.
Numerical Analysis of Unidirectional GFRP Composite Mechanical Response Subjected to Tension Load using Finite Element Method
Authors: Zakki Ahmad Fauzan , Hadi Eko Sasmito , Windyandari Aulia , Ilham Rizaldy
Published: July 2022

Composite material is a well-known structural material which is increasingly adopted as an engineering structure material. Glass fiber reinforced polymer offers the lightweight and high strength characteristics that is required for the modern industry, such as aviation, automotive, wind power, and marine technology. One of the important mechanical characteristics of the composite materials are the tensile properties, because it is well known as the material strength. Therefore, the investigation of mechanical response on the glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tensile test using numerical analysis is important for the estimation of structural response of the GFRP complex structure, such as boat construction. The objective of this research is to assess and estimate the mechanical response of the GFRP composite material subjected to tension load using finite element method. The linear transversely isotropic model is developed to estimate the unidirectional glass fiber GFRP with the configuration of fiber orientation angles of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. The results show that FE simulation are capable to detect the specimen response during the tensile test. The maximum discrepancy of the estimated stress strain diagram is about 16.5% to 32% compared to experimental data. The larger orientation angle has shown the larger discrepancy value. It is found that the increment of discrepancy value is generated by the nonlinearity behavior of the material due to the domination of polymer material behavior on the large orientation angle. Otherwise, the FE models have estimated accurately the ultimate strength, maximum displacement and fracture load. It can be concluded that the linear transversely isotropic model is adequately accepted as the estimation method of the GFRP composite structure response.
A Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) System for Automatic Counting of Ki67 Cells in Meningioma
Authors:   Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia, Dzulkifli Fahmi Akmal , Mashor Mohd Yusoff ,   Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia, Jaafar Hasnan ,   Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,Malaysia
Published: July 2022

Meningioma is a type of primary brain tumour where this tumour arises in the three thin layers of tissues, called meninges. Tumour grading is usually used to describe tumour cells' characteristics and behaviours and how they look under a microscope. There were many techniques used for determining the grade of the tumour. Ki67 was the most common proliferation marker used to measure cell proliferation activity. Currently, pathologists used the manual counting technique to count the Ki67 cells before determining tumour grading. However, this technique was time-consuming, tiring and the counting results are often not accurate. Besides that, manual counting has poor reproducibility and discordant between counting values’ among the pathologist. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software that automatically counts the Ki67 cells for determining tumour grading. The purpose of developing this software is to alleviate pathologists’ workload associated with counting Ki67 cells and scoring the Ki67 index. The CAD software was developed through seven stages. Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient results, there was a good positive correlation between the proposed technique with the manual counting technique in counting positive and negative Ki67 cells with a correlation of 0.99 and 0.72 respectively. The proposed CAD system also showed promising results in computing the Ki67 labeling index with a low percentage absolute error of 1.85%.
Malware Detection System Using Cloud Sandbox, Machine Learning
Authors:   Department of Information Technology and Communication, Politeknik Mersing Johor, 86800 Johor, Malaysia, EfendyMail Mohd Azuwan , Ab Razak Mohd Faizal ,   Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pahang, Malaysia, Ab Rahman Munirah ,   Department of Information Technology and Communication, Politeknik Mersing Johor, 86800 Johor, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

Today's internet continues to move forward, and with it comes the development of many applications. Therefore, these applications are also directly accessible via the Internet, which makes it one of the important things these days. In addition to this, these applications are sometimes developed as software that can be installed on users computers, laptops and even smartphones, which often attracts many attackers to compromise their computers with malware that is unintentionally installed in the computer. Gadgets and even computer systems. computer background. Many solutions have been employed to detect if these malware are installed. This paper aims to evaluate and study the effectiveness of machine learning methods in detecting and classifying malware being installed. This paper employs heuristics and machine learning classifiers to identify malware attacks detected in each website or software application. The study compares 3 classifiers to find the best machine learning classifier for detecting malware attacks. Prove that the cloud sandbox can achieve a high detection accuracy of 99.8% true positive rate value when identifying malware attacks? Use website features. Results show that Cloud Sandbox is an effective classifier for detecting malware attacks.
Numerical analysis of reaction forces at the supports of sliding microwire
Authors: Rahman Fazlar , Akanda M. A. Salam
Published: July 2022

The reaction forces at the tungsten support probes of a platinum microwire are determined by numerical analysis for different push-pull sliding velocities and contact pressures. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tool ANSYS Workbench is used to evaluate the contact stresses, reaction forces and deformations of the platinum microwire. The nonlinear contact analysis and contact formulations are implemented to ensure that the platinum microwire maintained contact with the tungsten support probes during push-pull sliding motion, and transfer frictional forces between contact surfaces without penetration and separation. The reaction forces at the support probes are found independent of the sliding velocity of the platinum microwire and vary with normal contact pressure. The results found in the numerical analysis are validated through experimental works. Due to the tiny size, the nonlinearity of contacts and indeterminate supports criteria, it is difficult to determine the reaction forces at the supports of a sliding microwire by conventional mechanics. The method of the numerical analysis of the sliding microwire presented in this paper can be used to determine the reaction forces of other microstructures, validate the experimental results, as well as to evaluate total disturbance forces in the microstructures where relative motion exists; which are important for the proper design and failure analysis of the MEMS devices and microstructures.
Numerical investigation of heat transfer characteristics for blood/water-based hybrid nanofluids in free convection about a circular cylinder
Authors: Alwawi Firas , Swalmeh Mohammed , Sulaiman Ibrahim , Yaseen Nusayba , Alkasasbeh Hamzeh , Al Soub Tarik
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates hybrid nanofluids flowing around a circular cylinder of free convection under the constant surface heat flux.  Nanoparticles of copper oxides, Gold, and Aluminum (CuO, Au, Al) are considered to support the heat transfer performance of blood/water-based hybrid nanofluids. The governing model for hybrid nanofluids which is in form of non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) are first transformed to a more convenient form by similarity transformation approach then approximated numerically by the Keller box method. Several comparatives are performed in this work resulting in the superiority of the hybrid-nanofluid over regular nanofluid in terms of heat transfer rate, velocity, and local skin friction coefficient.  Findings confirmed that the surface temperature and temperature field are augmented, with increasing volume fraction for nanoparticles. Also, Gold nanoparticles give a higher result for all examined physical properties than Aluminum and copper oxides nanoparticles.