bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Perspective and Developments in Electrochemical Sensors Modified with Nanomaterials for Environmental and Pharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: Buledi Jamil A. , Shah Zia-ul-Hassan , Mallah Arfana , Solangi Amber R.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Over the past few decades, environmental pollution has appeared to be one of the most crucial global problems. The widespread intensification of numerous hazardous pollutants in the environment need the modern researchers to develop viable, reproducible and cost-effective determination tools for the reliable environmental analysis. The beneficial, as well as perilous, biological compounds are receiving growing interest due to their variable composition which produces advantageous and toxic impacts on human and the environment. Several conventional analytical methods have been established for the pharmaceutical and environmental analysis. However, certain drawbacks limited their practices in the modern rapidly growing era of science and technology. The development of electrochemical sensors has emerged as more beneficial and promising tool as against other traditional analytical approaches, in terms of simplicity, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, stability and reliability. Nonetheless, the over potential and low anodic/cathodic current response are both considered as bottlenecks for the determination of electroactive entities exploiting electrochemical sensors. Interestingly, these problems can be easily resolved by modifying the electrodes with a variety of conductive materials, especially nanostructures.

Objective:

This review covers different electrochemical methods, reported in the literature, for the environmental and pharmaceutical analysis through simple and cost-effective nanostructures-based sensors. The electrochemical techniques with different modes and the modification of electrodes with highly conductive and prolific polymeric and nanostructured materials used for the determination of different environmental and pharmaceutical samples are the main prominence of this review. Various kinds of nanomaterials, e.g. metal, metal oxide and their composites, have been synthesized for the fabrication of sensitive electrodes.

Conclusion:

Nanostructures played a pivotal role in the modification of electrodes, which substantially enhanced the capability and sensitivity of electrochemical sensors. The proper modification of electrodes has materialized the swift detection of electroactive compounds at very low limits and offered the feasible determination procedure without any kind of signal fluctuation and over potential. In crux, due to their enhanced surface area and excellent catalytic properties, nanomaterials recently appeared as the most promising candidates in the field of electrode modification and significantly impacted the detection protocols for various environmental pollutants, viz. pesticides, metal ions and drugs.
A New Approach to Synthesis of Benzyl Cinnamate: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Investigation
Authors: Zhi Gao-Ying , Li Xiao-Bing , Wang Yun , Han Li , Zhang Dong-Hao
Published: October 2020

Background:

Benzyl cinnamate is widely used in many fragrance compounds. The traditional
methods to obtain benzyl cinnamate, including chemical synthesis or extraction from
leaves, have many drawbacks. Recently, lipase-catalyzed synthesis of benzyl cinnamate has provided
us with a promising alternative due to its high catalytic efficiency, mild reaction conditions,
and green and environmentally friendly process. In this work, the purpose is to investigate the kinetics
and thermodynamics of enzymatic synthesis of benzyl cinnamate.

Objective:

The objective of the current study was to investigate the kinetics and thermodynamics of
the enzymatic synthesis of benzyl cinnamate.

Results:

The results showed that the reaction followed the Ping-Pong mechanism leading to substrate
inhibition. Furthermore, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were estimated. The inhibition
constant KiB decreased with temperature enhancement, implying that the inhibition of benzyl
alcohol on lipase could be depressed at high temperatures. Moreover, the activation energy of
the first-step reaction (52.46 kJ/mol) was much higher than that of the second-step reaction (12.97
kJ/mol), demonstrating that the first-step reaction was the rate-limiting reaction. The esterification
process was found to be endothermic, with an enthalpy value (ΔH) of +55.7 kJ/mol and entropy
value (ΔS) of +170.2 J/mol K, respectively. Based on the change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enzymatic
esterification of cinnamic acid changed from non-spontaneous to spontaneous reaction when
temperature was raised to above 53ºC.

Conclusion:

This obtained information could be utilized to optimize the biosynthesis of benzyl
cinnamate.
ХІРУРГІЧНЕ ЛІКУВАННЯ НЕПАРАЗИТАРНИХ КІСТ ПЕЧІНКИ
Authors: Шапринський В. О. , Воровський О. О. , Камінський О. А. , Пашинський Я. М. , Миронишен Ю. А.
Published: October 2020

Резюме. Мета дослідження: покращити результати хірургічного лікування непаразитарних кіст печінки за рахунок розробки та удосконалення методів оперативного втручання.

Матеріал та методи. Прооперовано 102 хворих: 88 (86,3 %) –  непаразитарні кісти печінки, 14 (13,7 %) – полікістоз. За способом лікування: І група – міні-інвазивні методи – 56 (54,9 %) випадків; ІІ група –  лапаротомні втручання –  32 (31,4 %).

Результати дослідження. При застосуванні лапароскопічних методів середній ліжко-день склав 4,5 ± 1,0, післяопераційні ускладнення – 1 (1,8 %) випадок. При лапаротомних способах відповідно: 12,0 ± 1,5 та 2 (6,3 %), що підтверджує перевагу міні-інвазивних методів. Рецидив – у 3 (2,9 %) випадках.

Висновки:

Для запобігання розвитку небезпечних ускладнень непаразитарних кіст печінки та з метою їх ранньої діагностики рекомендовано застосовувати променеві методи дослідження та ліквідовувати їх міні-інвазивними способами на ранній стадії формування.

Застосування міні-інвазивного методу фенестрації кіст з деепітелізацією їх оболонок при полікістозі печінки є операцією вибору, що дає змогу уповільнити розвиток гепатоцелюлярної недостатності.

Поєднання міні-інвазивних методик з біполярною коагуляцією, чи лазерною дисекцією, чи зварювальною електрокоагуляцією призвело до зменшення таких ускладнень як інтраопераційна кровотеча і жовчопідтікання; стало можливим їх застосування не тільки при кістектомії великих ускладнених кіст, а й при резекційних методах лікування.

Застосування зварювального електрокоагулятора ЕК-300М “Свармед” при лапароскопічній цистектомії призвело до зменшення тривалості операції та перебування в стаціонарі в 2 рази, кількість рецидивів – з 10 до 2,9 %.
European Universities and Change
Authors: Rowley Daniel James , Sherman Herbert
Published: October 2020

This article describes the findings of an exploratory research project conducted in Central and Western Europe during the fall of 2008. The purpose of the research was to identify the role of change that European Universities have faced throughout the 20ᵗʰ Century and to identify how they have responded to these challenges. One surprising outcome of the research was that most European universities were not impacted significantly at all by the several tumultuous events of the Century, but that they are now seeing substantive changes due to the implementation of the Bologna Process, which has been adopted by 46 European countries to improve quality and competitiveness in their universities. This article examines the issues around change that are being played out in European universities and suggests some strategies they may wish to consider as they work to

become more competitive with higher education in the United States.
The Impact of Group Cognitive Complexity on Group Satisfaction: A Person-Environment Fit Perspective
Authors: Mayer Bradley W. , Dale Kathleen
Published: October 2020

Groups have the potential to increase the satisfaction of their members (Campion, Medsker, & Higgs, 1993; Gladstein, 1984; Hackman, 1987; Katzell & Guzzo, 1983; Mason & Griffin, 2002, 2003). Thus, consideration of group characteristics in organizations is an important issue (Druckman & Bjork, 1991). In this study, the interactive influence of group cognitive complexity, task complexity, and group structure with satisfaction was analyzed. The findings suggest that when a task is complex, a decentralized structure leads to greater satisfaction than a centralized structure. Furthermore, groups lower in cognitive complexity were influenced more than complex groups by a mismatch between task complexity and group structure.
Stadslandbouw in Gent: het Sint-Baafsdorp in de late middeleeuwen
Authors: Hanson Marc
Published: October 2020

Hedendaagse initiatieven van sociale economie, zoals het groenten kweken in stadstuintjes, het houden van varkens op een stuk verloren ruimte, het rechtstreeks kopen van producten van boeren uit de buurt, het beoefenen van lokale en kleinschalige landbouw
Buttons: Life Writing from a Small Collection
Authors: Robertson Rachel
Published: October 2020

This essay explores the role of everyday objects in life writing, using the example of a collection of buttons. Writing as bricoleur, and influenced by thing theory, I follow a digressive path and wonder how key aspects of life writing, such as memory, the body, and identity, are influenced when one writes from and with objects.
Strategi kepala sekolah meningkatkan mutu pendidikan melalui program unggulan sekolah
Authors: Hayudiyani Meila , Saputra Bagus Rachmad , Adha Maulana Amirul , Ariyanti Nova Syafira
Published: October 2020

Layanan pendidikan diukur melalui kualitas pendidikan yang diselenggara-kan di sekolah. Kualitas mutu sekolah dijabarkan pada program-program pembelajaran yang menjadi brand untuk ditawarkan kepada masyarakat sebagai pengguna jasa layanan pendidikan yang diberikan oleh sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di sekolah melalui program-program ung-gulan sekolah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Kristen Kalam Kudus Surakarta yang menerapkan program unggulan berbasis kerohanian, pem-belajaran, dan life skill atau kecakapan hidup. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif, penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara kepala sekolah dan guru, kemudian pengamatan langsung atau observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan dan dicatat dalam bentuk catatan lapangan dan transkrip wawancara sebelum direduksi dan disajikan. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa program unggulan sekolah dapat memberikan dampak pada peningkatan mutu pendidikan. AbstractEducation services are measured through the quality of education held in schools. The quality of schools is described in learning programs that become brands to be offered to the community as users of educational services provided by schools. This study aims to describe the principal's strategy in improving the quality of education in schools through excellent programs in schools. This research was conducted at the Kalam Kudus Christian High School Surakarta which implemented a superior program based on spirituality, learning, and life skills. The research method is qualitative, research is conducted by interviewing principals and teachers, then direct observation or observation, and documentation studies. Then the data obtained is collected and recorded in the form of field notes and interview transcripts before they are reduced and presented. The results of the study found that the school leading programs have an impact on improving the quality of education.
Pelaksanaan program Edmodo di sekolah dasar
Authors: Zaman Feni Febryani , Jabar Cepi Safruddin Abdul
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan program Edmodo di Sekolah Dasar Percobaan Negeri (SDPN) Sabang dan Sekolah Dasar Kristen (SDK) 5 BPK Penabur kota Bandung. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuali-tatif, desain studi kasus. Subyek penelitian dengan purposive sampling yaitu ambassador, manajer Edmodo Amerika Serikat, guru, siswa, orang tua, kepala SDPN Sabang dan SDK 5 BPK Penabur, pengawas, Kepala Dinas Pendidikan kota Bandung dan staf program sarana dan prasarana. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen. Pengujian keabsahan data adalah teknik triangulasi, member-check, dan audit eksternal oleh dosen pembimbing. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Creswell. Hasil penelitian mengungkap pelaksanaan program Edmodo yaitu mengkaji dimensi siswa, guru, dan stakeholder yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan program Edmodo. Permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan Edmodo adalah hambatan mindset dan niat, signal, sarana dan prasarana Edmdo, dan limitasi grup. AbstractThis research aims to describe the implementation of the Edmodo program at Sekolah Dasar Percobaan Negeri (SDPN) Sabang and Sekolah Dasar Kristen (SDK) 5 BPK Penabur Bandung. The research approach was qualitative, case study design. Research subjects with purposive sampling consisted of Ambassador, Edmodo’s United States manager, teachers, students, parents, head of SDPN Sabang and SDK 5 BPK Penabur Bandung, supervisor, head of Bandung Education Office, and staff of infrastructures. The techniques of collecting data were interviews, observation, and documents. The validity testing of data was triangulation, member-checking, and external audits by the lecturer. The analysis data used was qualitative analysis data from Creswell. The results of this research were the implementation of the Edmodo program was to examine the dimensions of students, teachers, and stakeholders involved in the implementation of the Edmodo program. The problem in the implementation was the barrier of mindset and intention, signal, infrastructure, and group limitation.
Manajemen sistem informasi e-budgeting pada Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Nugraha Aan Yudha , Wibowo Udik Budi
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1.) Mendeskripsikan mengenai manajemen sistem informasi (SI) e-budgeting di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri (SMAN) di Kota Yogyakarta; dan 2.) Menganalisis keunggulan dan hambatan dalam manajemen SI e-budgeting di SMAN di Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMAN di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Subjek penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, bendahara dan admin e-budgeting. Penelitian juga dilakukan pada Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda dan Olahraga, Balai Pendidikan Menengah Kota Yogyakarta, dan Dinas Pendidikan Kota Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis data Creswell. Teknik keabsahan data penelitian menggunakan teknik triangulasi dan menggunakan bahan referensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem e-budgeting baru diterapkan pada jenjang SMAN sederajat. Perencanaan mengikuti pola penyusunan RKAS. Pengorganisasian meliputi pengerahan staf dan adanya pelatihan. Sistem ini berfungsi untuk mengelola dana BOS dan APBD. Pengawasan dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah dan dinas terkait. Terdapat keunggulan dan hambatan dalam implementasi e-budgeting. E-budgeting berperan dalam meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pembiayaan pendidikan. AbstractThis study aims to: 1.) Describe the management of information systems (IS) e-budgeting at State High Schools (SMAN) in Yogyakarta City; and 2.) Analyze the advantages and obstacles in the management of SI e-budgeting at SMAN in Yogyakarta City. This research is a qualitative study with a case study type. This research was conducted at SMAN in the Yogyakarta City area. Research subjects include the principal, treasurer, and admin e-budgeting. The research was also conducted at the Youth and Sports Education Office, Yogyakarta City Secondary Education Center, and the Yogyakarta City Education Office. Data collected through interview techniques, observation, and study of documents. Data analysis uses Creswell's data analysis model. The validity of the research data using triangulation techniques and using reference materials. The results showed that the new e-budgeting system was applied at the same level of high school. Planning follows the RKAS preparation pattern. Organizing includes staff deployment and training. This system functions to manage BOS and APBD funds. Supervision is carried out by principals and related agencies. There are advantages and obstacles in implementing e-budgeting. E-budgeting plays a role in increasing transparency and accountability in education funding.
Implementasi Total Quality Management (TQM) dalam sistem manajemen perencanaan kepala sekolah
Authors: Wulogening Hiyasintus Ile , Timan Agus
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis implementasi Total Quality Management (TQM) dalam sistem manajemen perencanaan kepala sekolah pada SMA Swasta Katolik. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumenter. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi reduksi data, penyajan data, menarik kesimpulan atau verifikasi data dan pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi data.  Temuan menunjukkan bahwa: 1.) Perencanaan program sekolah yang meliputi perumusan visi, misi, dan tujuan sekolah serta rencana kerja sekolah yang terdiri atas 12 program sudah dilaksanakan; 2.) Rencana kerja bidang pendidikan telah disusun sesuai tupoksi dan kewajiban tenaga pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan seperti tertera dalam dokumen pedoman sekolah dan struktur organisasi sekolah yang telah diprogramkan; 3.) Kepala sekolah telah melakukan pengawasan dan evaluasi terhadap seluruh proses kegiatan sesuai program kerja sekolah dan telah menyusun dokumen rencana pengembangan sekolah; dan 4.) Kepala sekolah bersama staf dan dewan guru telah membangun sistem informasi manajemen guna mendukung pengimplementasian budaya mutu dalam seluruh aspek baik fisik maupun nonfisik. AbstractThis research aims to analyze the Total Quality Management (TQM) Implementation in The Principal Planning Management System at Catholic Privat High School. This research uses a qualitative approach design. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews, and documentary studies. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data intercepting, concluding/verifications, and data validity checking using data triangulation techniques. The findings show that: 1.) School program planning includes the formulation of the school and school work plan's vision, mission, and goals consisting of 12 programs that have been implemented; 2.) The work plan for the education sector has been prepared in accordance with the duties and responsibilities of teaching staff and education staff, as stated in the school guidelines document and school organization structure that has been programmed; 3.) The school principal has supervised and evaluated all the activities of activities according to the school work program and has compiled a school development plan document; and 4.) The principal with the school staff and the teachers have developed an information management system to support the implementation of culture quality in all aspects, both physical and non-physical.
Implementasi sistem penjaminan mutu internal di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK)
Authors: Zahrok Asnaul Lailina Nikmatuz
Published: October 2020

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi penjaminan mutu di SMK Negeri 35 Tulungagung. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan ialah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskripstif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penjaminan mutu di SMKN 35 Tulungagung diawali dari Evaluasi Diri Sekolah (EDS) untuk memperoleh pemetaan capaian mutu dari setiap aspek Standard Nasional Pendidikan (SNP). Capaian mutu yang dirasa kurang selanjutnya diperbaiki melalui pemenuhan mutu secara berkelanjutan. Upaya pemenuhan mutu direncanakan oleh Tim Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah (TPMPS) yang dituangkan dalam bentuk dokumen perencanaan pemenuhan mutu. Di dalamnya diuraikan kegiatan, tujuan, strategi pelaksanaan, indikator keberhasilan, serta rincian biaya yang dibutuhkan. Selanjutnya rencana pemenuhan mutu direalisasikan kepada setiap aspek pembelajar-an dengan melibatkan komponen pendidikan secara komprehensif. Pelaksanaan pemenuhan mutu dimonitoring oleh TPMPS secara berkelanjutan Seluruh pelak-sanaannya kemudian dievaluasi untuk melihat efektifitas pelaksanaan dengan rencana pemenuhan mutu terhadap pencapaian SNP. Hasilnya akan dianalisis untuk penetapan standar standar mutu baru yang lebih efektif. Seluruh rangkaian tersebut didokumen-tasikan dalam bentuk rapor SPMI. AbstractThe purpose of this article is to determine the implementation of quality assurance in SMK 35 Tulungagung. This type of approach is a qualitative approach. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that quality assurance at SMK 35 Tulungagung started from  School Self Evaluation (EDS) to obtain a mapping of quality achievements from every aspect of  National Education Standards (SNP). Quality achievements that are felt to be lacking are subsequently corrected through continuous quality fulfillment. Efforts to fulfill quality are planned by the School Education Quality Assurance Team (TPMPS) as outlined in the form of quality fulfillment planning documents. It outlines the activities, objectives, implementation strategies, indicators of success, and details of the costs required. Furthermore, the quality fulfillment plan is realized for every aspect of learning by comprehensively involving the education component. TPMPS monitors the implementation of quality fulfillment on an ongoing basis. All implementation is then evaluated to see the effectiveness of implementing the quality fulfillment plan for the achievement of SNP. The results will be analyzed for setting new quality standards more effectively.
Strategi manajemen sekolah dalam menghadapi pemberlakuan sistem zonasi
Authors: Wahyuni Ya Shinta Dewi , Nurhadi Nurhadi , Nurcahyono Okta Hadi
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi setelah sistem zonasi di terapkan di SMA Negeri (SMAN) 1 Surakarta dan menganalisa strategi manajemen sekolah di SMAN 1 Surakarta dalam menghadapi pemberlakuan sistem zonasi menggunakan teori struktural fungsional oleh Radcliffe-Brown. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnografi dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman melalui beberapa prosedur kegiatan meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1.) Perubahan input siswa yang menjadi relatif heterogen setelah sistem zonasi diterapkan menyebabkan perubahan budaya sekolah dan pola pembelajaran; 2.) Strategi yang digunakan oleh manajemen sekolah di SMAN 1 Surakarta dalam menghadapi perubahan budaya sekolah adalah dengan penanaman nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam Hasthalaku dan inovasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS); dan 3.) Mekanisme adaptif dengan mengubah metode pembelajaran dan wacana akan diterapkannya Sistem Kredit Semester (SKS) di SMAN 1 Surakarta merupakan strategi yang dipilih oleh manajemen sekolah dalam rangka menghadapi perubahan pola pembelajaran. AbstractThis study aims to: 1.) Know the changes that occur after the zoning system is implemented in SMAN 1 Surakarta; 2.) Analyzing the school management strategy at SMAN 1 Surakarta in dealing with implementing the zoning system using functional, structural theory by Radcliffe-Brown. This study uses an ethnographic approach with qualitative research methods. Analysis of the data used in this study uses a number of procedure activities, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. Results of the study: (1) Changes in student input that become relatively heterogeneous after the zonation system is applied causes changes in school culture and learning patterns; 2.) The strategy used by school management at SMAN 1 Surakarta in dealing with changes in school culture is by inculcating the values contained in Hasthalaku and innovating the School Literacy Movement (GLS); and 3.) The adaptive mechanism by changing learning methods and discourse will be applied to the Semester Credit System (SKS) at SMAN 1 Surakarta is the strategy chosen by the school management in order to deal with changes in learning patterns.
Kepemimpinan kyai di pondok pesantren modern: Pengembangan organisasi, team building, dan perilaku inovatif
Authors: Pramitha Devi
Published: October 2020

Keberadaan sosok kiai sebagai pemimpin pondok pesantren memang sangat unik untuk selalu diteliti, hal tersebut dikarenakan dari sudut tugas dan fungsi seorang kiai yang tidak hanya sekedar memimpin, tetapi juga harus mampu mengembangkan organisasi pondok pesantren agar bisa tetap eksis di era globalisasi saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gaya kepemimpinan kiai di pondok pesantren modern, yang dilihat dari tiga hal yaitu: 1.) Proses pengembangan organisasi; 2.) Proses pembentukan team building; dan 3.) Proses menumbuhkan perilaku inovatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi tokoh. Untuk proses pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi, sedangkan untuk analisis data menggunakan model Spradley yang terdiri dari 4 cara, yaitu: 1.) Analisis domain; 2.) Analisis taksonomi; 3.) Analisis komponensial; dan 4.) Analisis tema kultural. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh data, yaitu: 1.) Proses pengembangan organisasi dilakukan dengan cara memotivasi dan menginspirasi anggota bawahannya agar memiliki semangat yang tinggi dalam mengembangkan pondok pesantren; 2.) Proses pembentukan team building lebih banyak dilakukan melalui interaksi pola pikir; dan 3.) Proses menumbuhkan perilaku inovatif menggunakan cara dengan pendelegasian tugas-tugas. AbstractThe Kiai's existence as the leader in the Islamic boarding school is indeed very unique to always be researched. From the point of view of the duties and functions of a Kiai, who is not only leading but also must be able to develop the boarding school organization to continue to exist in the current era of globalization. The purpose of this study was to determine the leadership style of kiai in modern Islamic boarding schools, which was seen from three things, namely: 1.) The process of organizational development; 2.) The process of forming team building; and 3.) The process of fostering innovative behavior. This study uses a qualitative method using a character study approach. For the data collection process through interviews, documentation, and observation, while for data analysis using the Spradley model which consists of 4 ways, namely: 1.) Domain analysis; 2.) Taxonomic analysis; 3.) Component analysis; and 4.) Analysis of cultural themes. From the research results, data can be obtained, namely: 1.) The process of organizational development is carried out by motivating and inspiring subordinate members to have high enthusiasm in developing Islamic boarding schools; 2.) The process of forming team building is mostly done through mindset interactions; and 3.) The process of fostering innovative behavior by means of delegating tasks.
Natural Language Processing for Surveillance of Cervical and Anal Cancer and Precancer: Algorithm Development and Split-Validation Study
Authors: Oliveira Carlos R , Niccolai Patrick , Ortiz Anette Michelle , Sheth Sangini S , Shapiro Eugene D , Niccolai Linda M , Brandt Cynthia A
Published: October 2020

Background

Accurate identification of new diagnoses of human papillomavirus–associated cancers and precancers is an important step toward the development of strategies that optimize the use of human papillomavirus vaccines. The diagnosis of human papillomavirus cancers hinges on a histopathologic report, which is typically stored in electronic medical records as free-form, or unstructured, narrative text. Previous efforts to perform surveillance for human papillomavirus cancers have relied on the manual review of pathology reports to extract diagnostic information, a process that is both labor- and resource-intensive. Natural language processing can be used to automate the structuring and extraction of clinical data from unstructured narrative text in medical records and may provide a practical and effective method for identifying patients with vaccine-preventable human papillomavirus disease for surveillance and research.

Objective

This study's objective was to develop and assess the accuracy of a natural language processing algorithm for the identification of individuals with cancer or precancer of the cervix and anus.

Methods

A pipeline-based natural language processing algorithm was developed, which incorporated machine learning and rule-based methods to extract diagnostic elements from the narrative pathology reports. To test the algorithm’s classification accuracy, we used a split-validation study design. Full-length cervical and anal pathology reports were randomly selected from 4 clinical pathology laboratories. Two study team members, blinded to the classifications produced by the natural language processing algorithm, manually and independently reviewed all reports and classified them at the document level according to 2 domains (diagnosis and human papillomavirus testing results). Using the manual review as the gold standard, the algorithm’s performance was evaluated using standard measurements of accuracy, recall, precision, and F-measure.

Results

The natural language processing algorithm’s performance was validated on 949 pathology reports. The algorithm demonstrated accurate identification of abnormal cytology, histology, and positive human papillomavirus tests with accuracies greater than 0.91. Precision was lowest for anal histology reports (0.87, 95% CI 0.59-0.98) and highest for cervical cytology (0.98, 95% CI 0.95-0.99). The natural language processing algorithm missed 2 out of the 15 abnormal anal histology reports, which led to a relatively low recall (0.68, 95% CI 0.43-0.87).

Conclusions

This study outlines the development and validation of a freely available and easily implementable natural language processing algorithm that can automate the extraction and classification of clinical data from cervical and anal cytology and histology.
Ecotranslatology-based Research on the Strategies and Methods for Translating English Film Titles into Chinese
Authors: Yin Rongrong , Tian Chuanmao
Published: October 2020

This paper explores the English film title translation strategies and methods through the theory of Eco-translatology proposed by Hu Gengshen. It studies the theme from three dimensions which are linguistics, culture and communication. And it can be seen that Darwin’s tenet of “natural selection and survival of the fittest” is fully employed in the theory. It is hoped that Eco-translatology can be better used in the market of film translation and other translation markets.
ПРИНЦИПЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧНЫХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМ РАДИОПРИЕМНИКОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ПРИЕМНОГО ТРАКТА ДЛЯ ДИАПАЗОНА 400-1000 МГЦ
Authors: Силаев А.С. , Суэтинов В.И. , Шомахмадов Д.П.
Published: October 2020

Спроектирован приемный тракт для диапазона 400-1000 МГц с использованием принципов, обеспечивающих устойчивую работу в широком диапазоне напряжения питания, температур и технологического разброса. Приведены расчетные характеристики приемного тракта и краткое описание его блоков.
ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ ПРОВОДИМОСТИ В ГАЗОВОЙ СРЕДЕ ПРИ СГОРАНИИ НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫХ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ СИСТЕМЫ AL/CUO
Authors: Переверзева С.Ю. , Шаман Ю.П. , Лебедев Е.А. , Сыса А.В. , Гаврилов С.А. , Громов Д.Г.
Published: October 2020

Исследован эффект возникновения проводимости в газовой среде при сгорании нанормазмерных энергетических материалов на основе металсодержащих компонентов. Показана зависимость изменения силы тока, возникающего в цепи, при сгорании термитного материала между разомкнутыми обкладками на расстоянии до 10 см.
LOS RETOS DE LA INTEGRACIÓN ECONÓMICA EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE. UNA APROXIMACIÓN PRELIMINAR AL CASO CUBANO
Authors: Martínez Reinosa Milagros Elena
Published: October 2020

Para los economistas cubanos el tema de la integraciónlatinoamericana y caribeña es sumamente interesante. En este artículola autora sintetiza algunas de esas reflexiones. Inicialmenteexpone los rasgos que caracterizan actualmente el complejo entornoen que se mueve la integración económica en América Latina y elCaribe, haciendo énfasis en los puntos de encuentros y desencuentrosde los esquemas de integración de la región con el proceso integracionistacubano, para finalmente retomar un grupo de ideas —yaapuntadas por otros estudiosos cubanos del tema— que ayudan acomprender los retos a los cuales se enfrenta Cuba al buscar su inserciónen los esquemas de integración económica latinoamericanoy caribeño.
Mario Magallón Anaya, La Democracia en América Latina, México, CCyDEL-UNAM/Plaza y Valdés, 2003, 427 pp.
Authors: Ramírez Axel
Published: October 2020

Reseña del libro: Mario Magallón Anaya, La Democracia en América Latina,México, CCyDEL-UNAM/Plaza y Valdés, 2003, 427 pp.
La teoría de la historia de Honduras
Authors: Sierra Fonseca Rolando
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo sobre la teoría de la historia en Honduras es másaproximativo que conclusivo. Se presentan las principales corrientes y perspectivasque se han desarrollado en Honduras con relación a la interpretaciónde la historia, como la ilustrada, la positivista y la marxista, ya sea lahecha por pensadores individuales, o por grupos con proyectos intelectualesy políticos, tomando en cuenta que la historiografía hondureña como tales reciente. Si bien ha habido pensadores que se han dedicado a teorizarsobre la historia, la producción de estudios históricos ha sido escasa en elpaís. En este sentido se analiza la obra de tres pensadores hondureños:José Cecilio del Valle (1777-1834), Ramón Rosa (1848-1893) y FilánderDíaz Chávez (1922-).
José de Acosta (1540-1600), humanista y científico María Luisa
Authors: Rivara de Tuesta María Luisa
Published: October 2020

José de Acosta, S.J. (1540-1600) a quien hemos estudiadocomo humanista reformista, como evangelizador del credo cristiano, y enesta oportunidad, como científico que refuta en su Historia natural y moralde las Indias a filósofos greco-romanos y medievales por sus negacionesimaginarias e inferencias erróneas acerca de la existencia del Nuevo Mundo.Este trabajo procura destacar su aporte científico en lo que respectaal continente encontrado por los europeos, en lo que se refiere a su naturaleza.Contribuyendo en esa forma a una renovación del conocimientodel cosmos, del mundo y de nuestra América desde la geografía física.
Óscar López [comp.], La pobreza: un problema de todos. Memoria del Seminario Internacional agosto 2004, Guatemala, FLACSO/ASDI, 2005.
Authors: Ordoñez Mazariegos Carlos Salvador
Published: October 2020

Reseña del libro:Óscar López [comp.], La pobreza: un problema detodos. Memoria del Seminario Internacional agosto2004, Guatemala, FLACSO/ASDI, 2005.
Adalberto Santana [coord.], Venezuela: política y migración, México, CIALC-UNAM, 2008, 176 pp. (Col. Política, Economía y Sociedad en América Latina y el Caribe, 7).
Authors: Correa Guía Dalia
Published: October 2020

Reseña del libro:Adalberto Santana [coord.], Venezuela: política y migración,México, CIALC-UNAM, 2008, 176 pp. (Col. Política,Economía y Sociedad en América Latina y el Caribe, 7).
Síntesis de materiales: cerámicas magnéticas. Propuesta experimental con el aprendizaje basado en problemas
Authors: Chávez García María de Lourdes , Carreto Cortés José Martín Enrique , García Mejía Tania Ariadna
Published: October 2020

Las Propuestas Experimentales del Laboratorio de la asignatura Síntesis de Materiales de la Facultad de Química, de las cuales se carecía, se desarrollaron con el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas o Investigación, de acuerdo con al temario. El propósito de este trabajo fue plantear a un par de alumnas una de las propuestas: el estudio de los Materiales Magnéticos. Para lo cual se les proporcionó un problema de aplicación práctica, la preparación de un cerámico magnético para aplicaciones biomédicas en hipertermia magnética, con el objetivo de fortalecer sus habilidades de investigación, metodología y práctica experimental, como parte de su preparación profesional durante una estancia de investigación. El problema lo resolvieron de forma exitosa. En cuanto a la propuesta se verificó por el informe escrito como artículo de investigación y las opiniones de las alumnas. Esta propuesta es una forma factible de trabajo en el laboratorio; dentro del marco del aprendizaje, fomenta la colaboración, el pensamiento crítico, la capacidad de investigación y la autodirección con una participación mínima del guía o profesor.
El vanadio, desde su descubrimiento hasta su papel en la vida
Authors: Sánchez-Lara Eduardo
Published: October 2020

El vanadio es un elemento químico con una historia peculiar y tan fascinante como su química. Fue descubierto en el municipio argentífero de Zimapán, México, por Andrés Manuel Del Río, y redescubierto en Suecia por Nils Gabriel Sefström, quien lo nombró vanadio, en honor de la diosa nórdica Vanadis. El vanadio es el elemento número 22 más abundante en la corteza terrestre, y después del molibdeno, el segundo metal de transición con mayor presencia en disolución en el ambiente marino. Forma parte de más de 200 minerales entre los que se encuentra la vanadinita, Pb5(VO4)3Cl, y recientemente se encontró en su forma nativa en sublimados de fumarolas del cráter del volcán de Colima en México. El papel del vanadio en sistemas biológicos ha despertado el interés de la comunidad científica debido a varios hechos extraordinarios. Existen organismos exóticos que lo acumulan en cantidades excepcionales como las ascidias y los hongos alucinógenos del género Amanita. Además, se encuentra en la nitrogenasa de Azobacter vinelandii formando parte del cofactor FeVco, componente organometálico responsable de la “fijación” del nitrógeno atmosférico; también se presenta en las enzimas vanadio haloperoxidasas, las cuales intervienen indirectamente en el agotamiento del ozono atmosférico. A pesar de que la actividad antidiabetica del vanadio ha quedado bien establecida para sus estados de oxidación +4 y +5, actualmente no existe un medicamente basado en este metal para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus, enfermedad que actualmente padecen casi 13 millones de mexicanos.
Valor subjetivo y emociones hacia el uso de Química en una práctica activa interdisciplinar
Authors: Marcos-Merino José María , Esteban Gallego Rocío , Ochoa de Alda Jesús A. G.
Published: October 2020

Los alumnos experimentan un rechazo creciente hacia la Química. De acuerdo con la investigación educativa, es necesario intervenir sobre esta aversión, puesto que las emociones y valoraciones subjetivas de los alumnos hacia las actividades académicas interaccionan con la cognición, afectando a su aprendizaje. Para ello se ha propuesto implementar actividades prácticas, enfoques activos y perspectivas interdisciplinares; siendo preciso indagar el efecto de estas metodologías en el dominio afectivo. En esta contribución se analiza el impacto de una práctica activa interdisciplinar de Química y Biología en las emociones y el valor subjetivo atribuido, por 112 futuros maestros, al uso interdisciplinar de ambas materias. Los resultados apoyan el papel motivador de estos enfoques, ya que se detectan aumentos en las emociones positivas y en el valor del interés y la utilidad; así como disminuciones de las emociones negativas y del coste. Estas variaciones ocurren principalmente en la submuestra de mujeres, lo que podría evidenciar un sesgo de género en la incidencia de la enseñanza activa interdisciplinar sobre los aspectos afectivos hacia la Química.
Mikroenkapsulasi Asam Mefenamat Menggunakan Polimer Kitosan dan Natrium Alginat dengan Metode Gelasi Ionik
Authors: Mardikasari Sandra Aulia , Suryani  , Akib Nur Illiyyin , Indahyani Rezki
Published: October 2020

Mefenamic acid belongs to a class of the Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs that work as an analgesic. But mefenamic acid can cause gastrointestinal disorders, has unpleasant odors and tastes and sensitive to the influence of light and temperature. Microencapsulation technology is a technique where the active substance is coated by a thin layer so that the active substance is protected from environmental influences. The aim of this research was to formulate and characterize mefenamic acid in the form of microencapsulation using ionic gelation methods. Preparation was done by comparing 3 variations of concentrations of sodium alginate polymers. Success parameters include the entrapment efficiency, particle shape, particle size distribution, and dissolution test. The results showed that the entrapment efficiency  respectively 98,69%,  96,38%  and 93,98%, with spherical shape, and particle size that fulfilled the microencapsulation size range of 1,268 μm, 1,343 μm and 1.386 μm and the release of the active ingredients in an acidic medium of pH 1.2 was 8.811 mg/L, 6.751 mg/L and 5.965 mg/L, also on a base medium of pH 7.4  was 79.908 mg/L, 63.394 mg/L and 40,312 mg/L. So that microencapsulation of mefenamic acid can be prepared with polymer chitosan and sodium alginate using the ionic gelation method.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Anak Rawat Inap di RSD Dr. Soebandi Jember
Authors: Rachmawati Sinta , Masito Dewi Khurmi , Rachmawati Ema
Published: October 2020

Infection is one of the health problems. It is mostly caused by bacteria. The increased incidence of bacterial infection results in higher antibiotic use. It can lead to antibiotic resistance risk. Antibiotic resistance may occur in pediatric patients. Morbidity, mortality, and high cost of medication are impact of this condition. Evaluation of antibiotic use needs to be done to ensure responsible use of antibiotics. ATCD/DDD (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/ Defined Daily Dose) method can be used to evaluate antibiotic use quantitatively. ATC classification is a system of grouping active substances according to their location of action and DDD is a measurement system that is connected to the ATC code.The purpose of this study was determining the profile of antibiotic use and measuring quantitative evaluation with ATC/DDD method in pediatric patients. The data was collected by observing the hospital medical record. The results of this study showed that cephalosporin (46,22%) was the most used group and cefotaxime (31,15%) was the most used type of antibiotic. While, the quantitative evaluation with ATC/DDD method indicated that the highest of antibiotic use was ceftriaxone (11,30 DDD/100 patient days) and the lowest was amikacin (0,03 DDD/100 patient days).
Factors influencing the tensile strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates for laser machining method and the underlined mechanisms
Authors: Ye Yunxia , Du Tingting , Li Haonan , Ren Xudong , Kong Haijuan , Ren Naifei
Published: October 2020

This paper presents an investigation into the influence of laser drilling on the tensile strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates of 1 and 2.5 mm thickness. The CFRP laminates were drilled using the microsecond laser, nanosecond laser, and picosecond laser, and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) was characterized and measured by optical microscopy. Through setting laser parameters, specimens with different HAZs were prepared, and then tensile strength tests were conducted. The results indicate that the tensile strength linearly depends on the width of HAZ. The tensile strengths of 1 mm specimens decrease by approximately 122 MPa/mm HAZ, and 2.5 mm specimens decrease by approximately 33.9 MPa/mm HAZ. Comparing the results of different thicknesses of CFRP, the effect of HAZ on tensile strength would be weakened with the increasing of laminate’s thickness. Actually, besides HAZ, cutting-induced geometric defects also seriously influence tensile strength, because of the stress concentration around these defects during the stretching process. Additionally, the mechanism why the HAZ influences tensile strength was revealed visually through FEM simulation: the resin matrix damage within HAZ causes the tensile loads not be transferred effectively between the fibers and then weakens the strength. It was the first time the underlined mechanism is revealed for HAZ-inducing strength reduction through FEM simulation. The laser machining method is more suitable for processing the thicker CFRP composites because the negative effect of HAZ is weakened for the thicker material.
Neurology and Covid-19: Present and Future
Authors: Ramos, F J, PhD, MD Hernández , Chamorro, F J, Hernández , García, A Palomino , Hernández, MD Jiménez
Published: October 2020

We´re witnessing a pandemic due to COVID-19, which has generated a strong impact in Public Health, Health Services and a economic level, still to be determinated. It´s a recently discovered respiratory virus that has the capacity to produce neurological symptoms, either indirectly o directly. Much has been written about neurological symptoms, mainly by no-neurologist, and the frecuency and type of neurological manifestations must be precisely defined in both, acute and medium-long term phases. After carrying out and extensive bibliographic review, the objective of this paper is to analyze what has been described so far and how it can be improved to know exactly the type and frecuency of neurological manifestations related to COVID-19.
Marine Based Biomaterials in Dental Regeneration
Authors: Varghese Dr. Mekha Grace , George V. Dr. Thomas , Thomas Dr. Nebu George , Pyas Dr. Alenya Mary , Maymol Francis Dr. Arimboor
Published: October 2020

The novel approach of tissue engineering aims at regenerating the functional alveolar or periodontal tissues through a series of key events that is modulated by the use of scaffolds, cells and signalling molecules. Many synthetic and natural polymers have been used as tissue engineering constructs so far with varying results in regeneration. Developing a biomaterial to replace the damaged tissue is of paramount importance for effective regeneration. Due to its rich biodiversity, marine environment yields structures with immense potential for biomedical application. These bio molecules offer many applications in cartilage and bone tissue engineering, dental tissue regeneration, wound healing and local drug delivery system. These substances are usually nontoxic, bio compatible and well tolerated by the body, which boost their efficacy for tissue engineering application. In this article, we are trying to brief the various marine based biomaterials used in dental regeneration, their possible sources and clinical applications.
Analisis Media, Sumber Belajar, dan Bahan Ajar Yang Digunakan Guru Fisika SMA Materi Gelombang Di Sumatera Barat Ditinjau Dari Kebutuhan Belajar Abad 21
Authors: Marsa Putri Bullquis , Desnita Desnita
Published: October 2020

This study aims to look at the media, learning resources, and teaching materials used by physics teachers of high school for wave material. In accordance with the learning needs of 21st century, the media used must be IT-based. To see how important the use of IT media in learning process is conducted research with descriptive analysis research type. The data of this study were obtained with interview guidelines, directly with teachers distributing questionnaires the availability of media, learning resources, and teaching materials in schools to respondents, namely teachers in seven schools, and distributing questionnaires for learning resources and teaching materials consisting on identity and indicators of aspects reviewed in learning resources and teaching materials. Based on results of data acquisition, it was found that teacher has not used much media in the learning process. In fact, for 21st century learning, IT-based learning media are needed so students can practice 4C skills (critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration).