bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCN5A
Mutation Type and a Genetic Risk Score Associate Variably With Brugada Syndrome Phenotype in
SCN5A
Families
Authors: Wijeyeratne Yanushi D. , Tanck Michael W. , Mizusawa Yuka , Batchvarov Velislav , Barc Julien , Crotti Lia , Bos J. Martijn , Tester David J. , Muir Alison , Veltmann Christian , Ohno Seiko , Page Stephen P. , Galvin Joseph , Tadros Rafik , Muggenthaler Martina , Raju Hariharan , Denjoy Isabelle , Schott Jean-Jacques , Gourraud Jean-Baptiste , Skoric-Milosavljevic Doris , Nannenberg Eline A. , Redon Richard , Papadakis Michael , Kyndt Florence , Dagradi Federica , Castelletti Silvia , Torchio Margherita , Meitinger Thomas , Lichtner Peter , Ishikawa Taisuke , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Sharma Sanjay , Roden Dan M. , Borggrefe Martin M. , McKeown Pascal P. , Shimizu Wataru , Horie Minoru , Makita Naomasa , Aiba Takeshi , Ackerman Michael J. , Schwartz Peter J. , Probst Vincent , Bezzina Connie R. , Behr Elijah R.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is characterized by the type 1 Brugada ECG pattern. Pathogenic rare variants in
SCN5A
(mutations) are identified in 20% of BrS families in whom incomplete penetrance and genotype-negative phenotype-positive individuals are observed. E1784K-
SCN5A
is the most common
SCN5A
mutation identified. We determined the association of a BrS genetic risk score (BrS-GRS) and
SCN5A
mutation type on BrS phenotype in BrS families with
SCN5A
mutations.

Methods:

Subjects with a spontaneous type 1 pattern or positive/negative drug challenge from cohorts harboring
SCN5A
mutations were recruited from 16 centers (n=312). Single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with BrS at genome-wide significance were studied in both cohorts: rs11708996, rs10428132, and rs9388451. An additive linear genetic model for the BrS-GRS was assumed (6 single nucleotide polymorphism risk alleles).

Results:

In the total population (n=312), BrS-GRS ≥4 risk alleles yielded an odds ratio of 4.15 for BrS phenotype ([95% CI, 1.45–11.85];
P
=0.0078). Among
SCN5A
-positive individuals (n=258), BrS-GRS ≥4 risk alleles yielded an odds ratio of 2.35 ([95% CI, 0.89–6.22];
P
=0.0846). In
SCN5A
-negative relatives (n=54), BrS-GRS ≥4 alleles yielded an odds ratio of 22.29 ([95% CI, 1.84–269.30];
P
=0.0146). Among E1784K-
SCN5A
positive family members (n=79), hosting ≥4 risk alleles gave an odds ratio=5.12 ([95% CI, 1.93–13.62];
P
=0.0011).

Conclusions:

Common genetic variation is associated with variable expressivity of BrS phenotype in
SCN5A
families, explaining in part incomplete penetrance and genotype-negative phenotype-positive individuals.
SCN5A
mutation genotype and a BrS-GRS associate with BrS phenotype, but the strength of association varies according to presence of a
SCN5A
mutation and severity of loss of function.
China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Kavalski Emilian
Published: November 2020

The Central and East European (CEE) part of the Eurasian landmass is often overlooked in the conversations on contemporary geopolitics. Yet, owing to China’s investment in the CEE countries, the region has been subject to growing strategic attention. This article offers a brief overview of the history of this relationship by focusing on the “16+1” mechanism. Nestled within the broader Belt and Road Initiative, the “16+1” has provided a unique regional arrangement for extending Chinese influence in the sixteen CEE countries. The article inquires whether there is something else than the instrumental economic reasoning for the willingness of CEE countries to partner with China. The analysis detects four distinct (and mutually exclusive) strategic narratives motivating the participation of CEE states in the “16+1” mechanism. The study concludes with an enquiry on China’s preparedness to respond to such identity geopolitics not only in the CEE region, but throughout the vast expanse covered by the BRI initiative.
Current condition of Bathypogon types (Diptera: Asilidae) described by Frank M. Hull and housed in the South Australian Museum of Natural History with notes on other Bathypogon types
Authors: LAVIGNE ROBERT J.
Published: November 2020

The current condition of the types of Bathypogon, described by Frank M. Hull 1956–1959, are listed. By his own admission, a portion of the material borrowed from the South Australian Museum was destroyed by “pests”. Note is made that the holotype of Bathypogon microdonturus is missing and presumed destroyed. Additions are made to the published data based on data on the Type specimen labels. Photos of the hypandrium of some Bathypogon holotypes that reside in the SA Museum collection are provided.
Modulation of the Occurrence of Heatwaves over the Euro-Mediterranean Region by the Intensity of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Qasmi Saïd , Sanchez-Gomez Emilia , Ruprich-Robert Yohan , Boé Julien , Cassou Christophe
Published: November 2020

The influence of the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) and its amplitude on the Euro-Mediterranean summer climate is studied in two climate models, namely CNRM-CM5 and EC-Earth3P. Large ensembles of idealized experiments have been conducted in which North Atlantic sea surface temperatures are relaxed toward different amplitudes of the observed AMV anomalies. In agreement with observations, during a positive phase of the AMV both models simulate an increase (decrease) in temperature of 0.2°–0.8°C and a decrease (increase) in precipitation over the Mediterranean basin of 0.1–0.2 mm day−1 (northern half of Europe) compared to a negative phase. Heatwave durations over the Mediterranean land regions are 40% (up to 85% over the eastern regions) longer for a moderate amplitude of the AMV. Lower and higher amplitudes lead to longer durations of ~30% and ~100%, respectively. A comparison with observed heatwaves indicates that the AMV can considerably modulate the current anthropogenically forced response on heatwaves durations depending on the area and on the AMV amplitude. The related anticyclonic anomalies over the Mediterranean basin are associated with drier soils and a reduction of cloud cover, which concomitantly induce a decrease (increase) of the latent (sensible) heat flux, and an enhancement of the downward radiative fluxes over lands. It is found that both tropical and extratropical forcings from the AMV are needed to trigger mechanisms, which modulate the atmospheric circulation over the Euro-Atlantic region. The amplitude of the local climate response over the Mediterranean basin evolves linearly with the amplitude of the AMV. However, the strength of this relationship differs between the models, and depends on their intrinsic biases.
The Role of an Indian Ocean Heating Dipole in the ENSO Teleconnection to the North Atlantic European Region in Early Winter during the Twentieth Century in Reanalysis and CMIP5 Simulations
Authors: Joshi Manish K. , Abid Muhammad Adnan , Kucharski Fred
Published: November 2020

In this study the role of an Indian Ocean heating dipole anomaly in the transition of the North Atlantic–European (NAE) circulation response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from early to late winter is analyzed using a twentieth-century reanalysis and simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). It is shown that in early winter a warm (cold) ENSO event is connected through an atmospheric bridge with positive (negative) rainfall anomalies in the western Indian Ocean and negative (positive) anomalies in the eastern Indian Ocean. The early winter heating dipole, forced by a warm (cold) ENSO event, can set up a wave train emanating from the subtropical South Asian jet region that reaches the North Atlantic and leads to a response that spatially projects onto the positive (negative) phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The Indian Ocean heating dipole is partly forced as an atmospheric teleconnection by ENSO, but can also exist independently and is not strongly related to local Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) forcing. The Indian Ocean heating dipole response to ENSO is much weaker in late winter (i.e., February and March) and not able to force significant signals in the North Atlantic region. CMIP5 multimodel ensemble reproduces the early winter Indian Ocean heating dipole response to ENSO and its transition in the North Atlantic region to some extent, but with weaker amplitude. Generally, models that have a strong early winter ENSO response in the subtropical South Asian jet region along with tropical Indian Ocean heating dipole also reproduce the North Atlantic response.
Editorial: Ettore’s song
Authors: Baggaley Jon
Published: November 2020

This invited editorial comments on the article ‘Ettore’s Song’.
Not Just a Dog Bite: Unmasking Underlying Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Kralec Jessica
Published: November 2020

An 81-year-old man sustained a dog bite to his right lateral calf. Despite antibiotics, the patient continued to have leg swelling, severe itching, and a chronic wound. He was evaluated at the Wound Center, at which time a diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency was made, and a venous reflux examination was recommended. The patient was scanned using Intersocietal Accreditation Commission Vascular Testing venous reflux protocol. Imaging was directed to the area of concern at the lateral calf. A 1.1-mm vein branch off the proximal calf great saphenous vein (GSV) was identified under the itching/trauma area with venous reflux identified. Venous reflux examination findings identified significant venous reflux from the right saphenofemoral junction through the distal calf GSV and vein branches. An elective right GSV endothermal venous ablation and stab phlebectomy were performed. The patient returned per protocol on postoperative day 2. He reported no pain and complete resolution of itching. Physical examination demonstrated marked improvement in the excoriated area. Surveillance duplex revealed no evidence of an endovenous heat-induced thrombosis. Venous stasis dermatitis occurs when there is inflammation of the skin caused by chronic venous insufficiency. In the early stages, symptoms include swelling at the ankles, hyperpigmentation, dryness, and itching. The development of stasis dermatitis can be precipitated by trauma, thereby unmasking underlying chronic venous insufficiency. Stasis dermatitis in this patient resolved because we treated the cause: chronic venous insufficiency.
Blockchain Technology and Facilitation of International Trade: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Siddik Md. Nur Alam , Kabiraj Sajal , Hosen Md. Emran , Miah Md. Firoze
Published: November 2020

Blockchain technology, a distributed and decentralized ledger, has gained significant prominence in the sphere of information technology for introducing new innovations in international trade. It ensures safety and can reduce trade costs by removing the middleman from the trade process. Studies examining the effects of blockchain on international trade are scarce. This research aims to fill this research gap. By using time series world data for the period 2009–2018, this study empirically examines the link between blockchain and international trade. It uses a cointegration test and a generalized linear model (GLM) test to analyse the data. The robust findings of this research reveal that blockchain has positive effects on international trade. The findings further displays that blockchain accelerates and facilitates international trade and that there exists a unidirectional causality from blockchain to international trade. The research findings are of great significance for policymakers in developing policies to foster the use of blockchain applications as a facilitator of international trade.
Development and Analysis of a Closed-Chain Wheel-Leg Mobile Platform
Authors: Wei Chaoran , Yao Yanan , Wu Jianxu , Liu Ran
Published: November 2020

Current research concerning legged platforms and wheeled platforms primarily focuses on terrain adaptive capability and speed capability, respectively. Compared with wheeled platforms, legged platforms with a closed-chain mechanism still present deficiencies regarding speed ability. To integrate the advantages of these two types of platforms, a wheel-leg mobile platform with two modes based on a closed-chain mechanism is proposed. First, a closed-chain mechanism that generates a high-knee trajectory in legged mode is designed and analyzed based on kinematic analysis. To improve the platform’s obstacle-surmounting performance, the dimensional parameters of the closed-chain mechanism are optimized and the design requirements for the platform’s frame are analyzed. In addition, the particular structure of the leg group is designed to realize transformation between legged mode and wheeled mode. The mobility of the constructed platform is calculated through an obstacle-surmounting probability analysis. The performances of the two motion modes are analyzed and compared by conducting dynamic simulations. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify both the theoretical analyses and the prototype performance. This study proposes a new approach to designing wheel-leg platforms with prominent speed ability and mobility based on a closed-chain mechanism.
LncRNA GATA6-AS inhibits cancer cell proliferation and promotes cancer cell apoptosis in cervical cancer by down-regulating miR-205
Authors: Zhao Xiaoying , Zheng Huzhong , Chen Jun
Published: November 2020

Background

Dysregulated endothelial cell growth is involved in many types of human cancer, including cervical cancer. LncRNA GATA6-AS was reported to regulate endothelial cell growth, suggesting it might involve in cervical cancer. Our study was carried out to explore the involvement of GATA6-AS in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), a subtype of cervical cancer.

Methods

To explore the expression of GATA6-AS, RT-qPCR was performed to detect GATA6-AS in plasma of 65 CSCC patients and 58 healthy females. To detect the expression of GATA6-AS, total RNAs were extracted.

Results

We found that plasma GATA6-AS expression was down-regulated in CSCC patients than that in healthy females, and HPV infection did not significantly affect the plasma expression of GATA6-AS. Moreover, we found that plasma GATA6-AS showed diagnostic values for CSCC by performing ROC curve analysis. The expression of miR-205 in plasma was also found to be up-regulated in CSCC patients than that in healthy females and inversely correlated with the expression of GATA6-AS in CSCC patients. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-205 did not significantly affect the expression of GATA6-AS in CSCC cells, while over-expression of GATA6-AS down-regulated miR-205 expression. In addition, GATA6-AS over-expression inhibited CSCC cell proliferation and promoted CSCC cell apoptosis, while miR-205 over-expression played opposite roles and attenuated the effects of GATA6-AS over-expression on CSCC cells.

Conclusion

Taken together, these results suggest that GATA6-AS may inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis in CSCC by down-regulating miR-205.
Balint groups and narrative medicine compared to a control condition in promoting students’ empathy
Authors: Lemogne Cédric , Buffel du Vaure Céline , Hoertel Nicolas , Catu-Pinault Annie , Limosin Frédéric , Ghasarossian Christian , Le Jeunne Claire , Jaury Philippe
Published: November 2020

Background

The perceived importance of clinical empathy may decline among students during medical training. Several interventions have been shown to be effective in promoting or preserving medical students’ empathic abilities, such as empathy skills training or Balint groups. Although narrative medicine training shares some features with these interventions, no randomized study to date examined the efficacy of narrative medicine training. This study aimed to assess the effects of Balint groups and narrative medicine training on clinical empathy measured by the self-rated Jefferson’s School Empathy Scale - Medical Student (JSPE-MS©) among fourth-year medical students.

Methods

Students who gave their consent to participate were randomly allocated in equal proportion to Balint groups, narrative medicine training or to the control group. Participants in the intervention groups received either seven sessions of 1.5-h Balint groups or a 2-h lecture and five sessions of 1.5-h narrative medicine training from October 2015 to December 2015. The main outcome was the change in JSPE-MS© score from baseline to one week after the last session.

Results

Data from 362 out of 392 participants were analyzed: 117 in the control group, 125 in the Balint group and 120 in the narrative medicine group. The change in JSPE-MS© score from baseline to follow-up was significantly higher in the Balint group than in the control group [mean (SD): 0.27 (8.00) vs. -2,36 (11.41), t = 2.086, P = 0.038]. The change in JSPE-MS© score in the narrative medicine group [mean (SD): − 0.57 (8.76)] did not significantly differ from the changes in the control group (t = 1.355, P = 0.18) or the Balint group (t = 0.784, P = 0.43). Adjusting for participants’ characteristics at baseline, Balint groups remained associated with better outcomes compared to the control group (β = 2.673, P = 0.030).

Conclusions

Balint groups may promote clinical empathy to some extent among medical students, at least in the short run.
Impact of Medical Doctors Global Health and Tropical Medicine on decision-making in caesarean section: a pre- and post-implementation study in a rural hospital in Malawi
Authors: Bakker Wouter , Bakker Emma , Huigens Christiaan , Kaunda Emily , Phiri Timothy , Beltman Jogchum , van Roosmalen Jos , van den Akker Thomas
Published: November 2020

Background

Medical doctors with postgraduate training in Global Health and Tropical Medicine (MDGHTM) from the Netherlands, a high-income country with a relatively low caesarean section rate, assist associate clinicians in low-income countries regarding decision-making during labour. Objective of this study was to assess impact of the presence of MDGHTMs in a rural Malawian hospital on caesarean section rate and indications.

Methods

This retrospective pre- and post-implementation study was conducted in a rural hospital in Malawi, where MDGHTMs were employed from April 2015. Indications for caesarean section were audited against national protocols and defined as supported or unsupported by these protocols. Caesarean section rates and numbers of unsupported indications for the years 2015 and 2016 per quarter for different staff cadres were assessed by linear regression.

Results

Six hundred forty-five women gave birth by caesarean section in the study period. The caesarean rate dropped from 20.1 to 12.8% (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.53, y = − 0.0086x + 0.2295). Overall 132 of 501 (26.3%) auditable indications were not supported by documentation in medical records. The proportion of unsupported indications dropped significantly over time from 47.0 to 4.4% (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.71, y = − 0.0481x + 0.4759). Stratified analysis for associate clinicians only (excluding caesarean sections performed by medical doctors) showed a similar decrease from 48.3 to 6.5% (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.55, y = − 0.0442x + 0.4805).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that presence of MDGHTMs was accompanied by considerable decreases in caesarean section rate and proportion of unsupported indications for caesarean section in this facility. Their presence is likely to have influenced decision-making by associate clinicians.
Position statement and best practice recommendations on the imaging use of ultrasound from the European Society of Radiology ultrasound subcommittee
Authors:   European Society of Radiology (ESR)
Published: November 2020

This document summarises best practice recommendations for medical imaging use of ultrasound in Europe, representing the agreed consensus of experts from the Ultrasound Subcommittee of the European Society of Radiology (ESR), the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) Section of Radiology, and the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Recommendations are given for education and training, equipment and its maintenance, documentation, hygiene and infection prevention, and medico-legal issues.
Retraction Note to: Partially hydrolysed, prebiotic supplemented whey formula for the prevention of allergic manifestations in high risk infants: a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Boyle Robert , Brown Nick , Chiang Wen Chin , Chien Chua Mei , Gold Michael , Hourihane Jonathan , Peake Jane , Quinn Patrick , Rao Raj , Smith Peter , Tang Mimi , Ziegler John , Warner John
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Identification of infrasonic and seismic components of tremors in single-station records: application to the 2013 and 2018 events at Ioto Island, Japan
Authors: Kurokawa Aika K. , Ichihara Mie
Published: November 2020

Infrasonic stations are sparse at many volcanoes, especially those on remote islands and those with less frequent eruptions. When only a single infrasound station is available, the seismic–infrasonic cross-correlation method has been used to extract infrasound from wind noise. However, it does not work with intense seismicity and sometimes mistakes ground-to-atmosphere signals as infrasound. This paper proposes a complementary method to identify the seismic component and the infrasonic component using a single microphone and a seismometer. We applied the method to estimate the surface activity on Ioto Island. We focused on volcanic tremors during the phreatic eruption on April 11, 2013, and during an unconfirmed event on September 12, 2018. We used the spectral amplitude ratios of the vertical ground motion to the pressure oscillation and compared those for the tremors with those for known signals generated by volcano-tectonic earthquakes and airplanes flying over the station. We were able to identify the infrasound component in the part of the seismic tremor with the 2013 eruption. On the other hand, the tremor with the unconfirmed 2018 event was accompanied by no apparent infrasound. We interpreted the results that the infrasound with the 2013 event was excited by the vent opening or the ejection of ballistic rocks, and the 2018 event was not an explosive eruption either on the ground or in the shallow water. If there was any gas (and ash) emission, it might have occurred gently undersea. As the method uses the relative values of on-site records instead of the absolute values, it is available even if the instrument sensitivity and the station site effects are poorly calibrated.
Media guidelines for the responsible reporting and depicting of non-suicidal self-injury
Authors: Westers Nicholas J. , Lewis Stephen P. , Whitlock Janis , Schatten Heather T. , Ammerman Brooke , Andover Margaret S. , Lloyd-Richardson Elizabeth E.
Published: November 2020

Media coverage of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) ranges from providing helpful education to displaying graphic images. We offer the first research-informed, consensus-based guidelines for the responsible reporting and depicting of NSSI in the media, while also advising on ideas for dissemination and collaboration between media professionals and healthcare experts.
Assessing methods to quantitatively validate TGFβ-dependent autophagy
Authors: Trelford Charles B. , Di Guglielmo Gianni M.
Published: November 2020

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) promotes tumorigenesis by suppressing immune surveillance and inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). TGFβ may augment tumorigenesis by activating autophagy, which protects cancer cells from chemotherapy and promotes invasive and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, we assess how TGFβ1 modulates autophagy related (ATG) gene expression and ATG protein levels. We also assessed microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) lipidation, LC3 puncta formation and autophagosome-lysosome co-localization in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. These experimental approaches were validated using pharmacological autophagy inhibitors (chloroquine and spautin-1) and an autophagy activator (MG132). We found that TGFβ1, chloroquine and MG132 had little effect on ATG protein levels but increased LC3 lipidation, LC3 puncta formation and autophagosome-lysosome co-localization. Since similar outcomes were observed using chloroquine and MG132, we concluded that several techniques employed to assess TGFβ-dependent autophagy may not differentiate between the activation of autophagy vs. lysosomal inhibition. Thus, NSCLC cell lines stably expressing a GFP-LC3-RFP-LC3ΔG autophagic flux probe were used to assess TGFβ-mediated autophagy. Using this approach, we observed that TGFβ, MG132 and serum starvation increased autophagic flux, whereas chloroquine and spautin-1 decreased autophagic flux. Finally, we demonstrated that ATG5 and ATG7 are critical for TGFβ-dependent autophagy in NSCLC cells. The application of this model will fuel future experiments to characterize TGFβ-dependent autophagy, which is necessary to understand the molecular processes that link, TGFβ, autophagy and tumorigenesis.
Fiji plugin for annotating movies with custom arrows
Authors: Daetwyler Stephan , Modes Carl D. , Fiolka Reto
Published: November 2020

Annotation of time-lapse data provides an important tool to highlight dynamic processes. Particularly, arrows, circles and arrowheads are useful to pinpoint a specific process, stationary or evolving over time. Here, we describe a user-friendly Fiji plugin to facilitate annotation of movies with arrows, arrowheads and circles. The plugin also enables saving and loading of annotated tracks.
Reconquistar los derechos humanos por la Unión Europea
Authors: Fernández Liesa Carlos R.
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre los grandes desafíos de la UE en Derechos
humanos. Se parte del papel histórico de Europa en los derechos humanos.
Proponemos algunas medidas que se podrían adoptar para recuperar esa función.
Asimismo, se identifican los principales problemas y las posibles soluciones. Por
ejemplo, mantener la utopía de la modernidad, fortalecer la Unión social, ir contra
el populismo y el nacionalismo, apoyar la sostenibilidad y la agenda 2030, entre
otros.
El Estado de Derecho en la UE: Significado, desafíos y perspectivas de futuro
Authors: Arenas García Rafael
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo examina el papel que juega el Estado de Derecho en la UE,
destacando que no solamente es un principio que debe regir la actuación de las
instituciones de la UE, sino también las de los estados miembros. Esto explica
que el Tribunal de Luxemburgo haya entrado a conocer de las consecuencias para
el derecho de la UE de las vulneraciones al Estado de Derecho en los estados
miembros. Ahora bien, la necesaria articulación entre las competencias de las
autoridades y tribunales nacionales y las autoridades de la UE y, en especial, el
Tribunal de Luxemburgo, precisan que exista suficiente confianza mutua entre
todas ellas.
El Estado de derecho y la condicionalidad del fondo de recuperación: ¿bloqueo institucional o falta de voluntad de política?
Authors: Íñiguez Guillermo
Published: November 2020

El gran ausente en las negociaciones del fondo europeo de recuperación
volvió a ser el estado de derecho. Este artículo planteará una cuestión de
gran importancia constitucional: ¿es posible obligar a los estados miembro a
respetar los “valores fundamentales” de la UE? Comenzará detallando tres de
los mecanismos contenidos en los tratados: el procedimiento de infracción, el
“Rule of Law mechanism” y el artículo 7 TUE. A continuación, desarrollará la
tesis, promulgada por Kelemen, del “equilibrio autoritario”, que servirá para
explicar el comportamiento de las instituciones europeas. Tras analizar diversas
propuestas para condicionar el fondo de recuperación, las cuales no presentan
dificultades jurídicas, se concluirá que la inacción de las instituciones europeas
ante el deterioro democrático en Polonia y Hungría no se debe a una falta de
instrumentos legales o de competencias, sino, sobre todo, a una falta de voluntad
política.
América Latina y la Unión Europea: agendas sociales, competencia geopolítica y COVID-19
Authors: Sanahuja José Antonio
Published: November 2020

esumen
La Unión Europea y América Latina y el Caribe cuentan con un importante
acervo de relaciones políticas y económicas, a través de una red de Acuerdos
de Asociación que ha sido el objetivo de la estrategia interregional desplegada
desde los años noventa. Un escenario de crisis de globalización y contestación
del sistema multilateral, al que se suma la crisis de la COVID-19, somete esas
relaciones a nuevas tensiones. Este artículo examina el estado actual de la
“Asociación estratégica birregional” y plantea posibles bases para su renovación
frente a un escenario de creciente competencia geopolítica. Se argumenta que
para ser relevante la UE debe promover una agenda centrada en las prioridades
de las sociedades de ambas regiones guiada por la Agenda 2030 de Desarrollo
Sostenible y el European Green Deal, frente a la competencia geopolítica y a las
políticas de poder de grandes potencias como Estados Unidos y China.
¿Qué fue de la “casa común europea”? Percepciones de Europa en la política exterior de Rusia
Authors: Morales Hernández Javier
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo toma como referencia el concepto de “casa común europea”
de Gorbachov para estudiar la evolución de las percepciones hacia Europa en
la doctrina rusa de política exterior, con el fin de evaluar en qué medida dicho
concepto se ha mantenido, transformado o abandonado por completo a lo largo
de los mandatos de Yeltsin y Putin. Comenzaremos analizando la formulación
original de este argumento en la perestroika, para compararla después con el
pensamiento de los dirigentes rusos sobre la identidad europea –o no– de su país.
Las principales fuentes primarias empleadas serán las declaraciones de los propios
líderes, para comprender cómo estos han definido y articulado discursivamente
esta cuestión. Finalmente, en las conclusiones responderemos a estas preguntas
iniciales, planteando también sus posibles consecuencias para las relaciones entre
Rusia y la UE durante los próximos años.
La política de la Unión Europea en Oriente Medio, historia y actualidad
Authors: Abu-warda Najib
Published: November 2020

mundo. Dada su situación geoestratégica, Oriente Medio ha sido un cruce
de caminos de importancia histórica y sigue siéndolo aún hoy. Además de su
importancia estratégica, el magnetismo cultural de Oriente Medio ha atraído
grandes potencias extrarregionales a la zona durante siglos. Hoy, como en el
pasado, Oriente Medio desempeña un papel importante en la política exterior de
la Unión Europea. Sin embargo, la Unión Europea no tiene un enfoque único y
general para la conducción de sus relaciones con Oriente Medio. En cambio, tiene
un conjunto de políticas entrelazadas hacia subregiones específicas, países y áreas
problemáticas. Entre estas destacan las relaciones euromediterráneas; el conflicto
palestino-israelí; el diálogo UE-CCG; la cuestión nuclear iraní; las relaciones con
Turquía; la guerra en Siria, entre otras. Este estudio se centra en la política de la
Unión Europea en estos espacios y cuestiones que, hoy, siguen siendo temas de
máxima actualidad regional e internacional.
Entre infraestructuras y culturas. Discursos y prácticas en torno a la movilidad urbana en Andalucía
Authors: Hernández-Ramírez Macarena , Jordi Sánchez Mario
Published: November 2020

Usually, the figures and facts used to analyze cycling mobility in the urban environment, are hardly based in references to infrastructures as a factor that facilitates / hinders that mobility. Convinced of the need to consider other influential variables, we address from the CICLA project the general objective of knowing mobility in urban areas of Andalusia. More specifically we are committed to knowing which are the main social discourses and practices around the use of the bicycle, within the need to incorporate social, economic, political and cultural aspects usually separated from the analysis. Based on a qualitative methodology and a holistic approach, the results of this research shed light on some of these aspects, providing some conclusions and reflections of interest for the promotion of the bicycle as a means of transport in our cities.
De Rutas Seguras a Rutas Bakanes en Chile: Co-creación con enfoque de género, educación cívica y derechos
Authors: Sagaris Lake , Flores Maya , Lanfranco Daniel
Published: November 2020

An extensive literature examines the usefulness of “Safe Routes to Schools programs” to encourage active travel (walking and cycling) to school, thereby increasing physical activity with all its benefits for mental and physical health, mainly in the Global North. This article reports on an adaptation for vulnerable schools in several Chilean cities (2016-2019). This change of context transformed the program, which focused on gender, civic education, and rights as central to to a just, sustainable transport system. “Sustainable transport” is an ecology of modes that improves connections among walking, cycling and public transport. “Transport justice” becomes central in an unequal country such as Chile, focus on gender, civic education and rights. During the first experience in co-design, with students, they changed the name, rejecting “safe” and insisting on “bakan”, a Chilean term for “cool”. The results included changes in attitudes, skills and visions. The resulting program, Kool Routes, improves physical activity, but above all influences the social determinants of health. It has proven to be a relatively simple way of dealing with the complexity of the challenges inherent in achieving sustainable development goals for cities in the 21st century.
Avanços na política de mobilidade por bicicleta em Campinas: comparação entre os Planos Diretores de 2006 e de 2018
Authors: Shue Lang Lin Pamela , Girotti Sperandio Ana Maria
Published: November 2020

The growing use of bicycle as a means of transportation in urban centers points to an alternative to the current means of transportation crisis. The progress of the cycling results in several benefits that continuously attract populations and public institutions to invest in its expansion. However, attention must be paid to the legal consistency of this development process in order to fully ensure the potentials it has to offer. The study of the evolution of urban documents that determine urban mobility is of great importance to identify the legal advances regarding the cycling mobility policy. In the city of Campinas, Brazil, the comparison between the 2006 and 2018 Master Plans allowed to affirm that there are advances in the political recognition of the cycling as a mean of transportation to be developed. Other legal documents dealing with the use of bicycle for mobility, however, highlighted the uniquely technical nature of these advances, which revealed the need for an interdisciplinary approach that considers the specificities of this mode and that gives the cyclist proper centrality
El asociacionismo y la participación vecinal luchando por la vivienda, haciendo ciudad
Authors: Montañés Serrano Manuel , Gómez Sánchez María Carmen
Published: November 2020

2020 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the constitution of the Orcasitas Neighbors Association (Madrid). In this neighborhood, immigrants coming mainly from Andalusia, Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha settled on land classified as being for rural use, building their own homes - shacks - lacking the minimum services. Initially, the neighborhood struggle was focused on achieving infrastructure improvements, but it did not take long for the Association to be non-complacent, demanding decent housing and educational, socio-cultural, sports, leisure and supply facilities, etc. The struggle for dignified housing spreads to other neighbourhoods. In the 1980s, Madrid underwent the largest urban development operation in Europe in terms of housing after the one carried out to repair the damage caused by the Second World War. The residents of Orcasitas not only participated in the struggle, they also participated in the urban design of the urban layout, the typology and distribution of the space of the house or in the selection of the construction materials, or of the thermal power station, or even in the design of the Pradolongo park, one of the largest newly created parks in Madrid. Making use of a combined emic (account of the native population) and etic (analysis by the research staff) in a projective way methodology, this article pays tribute to the Association and the process of struggle and participation undertaken in the spatial transformation, making city
¿El “Grande Numero” participa en la ciudad 50 años después?
Authors: de Jorge Huertas Virginia
Published: November 2020

This discussion paper deals with the participation in the exhibition entitled The “Greater Number”. This exhibition was the ghost stage of the Milan Triennale XIV in 1968. A scenario that could be perceived as an inverted “amarcord” today. The exhibition was organized with the Italian architect Giancarlo De Carlo in a leading role. The “Greater Number” defined the construction details, invited prestigious speakers, attracted international participants, designed the physical space, and called on the media. However, it did not take place. It was absent and occupied, a priori, by a citizen’s movement, by a generalized and crystalline discontent on an international scale. In the face of the tangible crisis of May 1968, we now find the “intangible” one of May 2020. This is when the debate on The “Greater Number” and “participation” in the city arose again 50 years later.
Efetividade de uma intervenção na promoção de estilo de vida de servidores públicos
Authors: Souza Paulo Vitor de , Tomicki Camila , Konrad Lisandra Maria , Sandreshi Paula Fabricio , Ribeiro Cezar Grontowski , Maciel Elaine Cristina , Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo
Published: November 2020

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o alcance e a efetividade do programa de mudança de comportamento denominado “Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde” – VAMOS (versão 2.0) em servidores públicos técnico-administrativos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção, do tipo quase experimental, realizado com 35 servidores divididos em grupo intervenção (GI = 22) e controle (GC = 13). O GI participou durante seis meses da intervenção VAMOS e o GC recebeu informações em um único momento sobre a importância de comportamentos saudáveis. O alcance e a efetividade da intervenção foram avaliados por meio da ferramenta RE-AIM. Foram realizadas medidas de pré e pós-intervenção para avaliar o nível de atividade física, o comportamento alimentar, a antropometria e a qualidade de vida. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado, análise de variância two way para medidas repetidas e método de equações de estimações generalizadas (p < 0,05). As análises dos dados foram realizadas no programa IBM® versão 22.0. O alcance da intervenção foi de 14,5%. Em relação a efetividade, o GI diminuiu o tempo gasto em comportamento sedentário e aumentou a atividade física de intensidade moderada/vigorosa, elevou o consumo de alimentos saudáveis, reduziu as medidas antropométricas e melhorou a percepção da qualidade de vida positiva. Por meio de orientações educacionais sobre a importância da adesão de comportamentos saudáveis relacionados a atividade física e alimentação, o VAMOS promoveu mudanças de comportamentos que produziram impactos positivos na saúde dos servidores públicos técnico-administrativos.
The zero point survey and egg-timer model combined for crew management
Authors: Mallinson Tom , Willis Sam
Published: November 2020

Managing a complex scene and a critically unwell patient at the same time is a challenge for any paramedic, in terms of both personal preparation and crew resource management. While modern paramedicine requires new solutions to situated challenges, a good starting point is to review existing frameworks to seek ways of maximising the safety of the care delivered by paramedics. This paper provides a synthesis of the theoretical egg-timer model of disparity combined with a practical framework called the zero point survey as cohesive tools for operational paramedics to optimise their performance while experiencing high-stress situations. This synthesis provides a valuable aide mémoire for strategies to improve personal performance, leadership and teamworking in relation to the care of a critically unwell patient. Such models fit within current practice, and have the potential to lead to safer paramedic care through the practical application of human factors theory, with team management skills and psychological interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Effects of Photoperiod on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Stress, and Oxidative Status of Juvenile Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) in a Greenhouse
Authors: Li Haijun , Zhao Jian , Ji Baimin , Zhang Yadong , Ye Zhangying , Zhu Songming
Published: November 2020

HIGHLIGHTS

Artificial sunlight with the main components of UVB, UVA, and visible light was used to investigate the influence of photoperiod on large-scale farming of juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles in a greenhouse.

The effects of photoperiod on digestive enzyme activity, stress, and oxidative status of juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles were revealed.

The optimal photoperiod for juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles reared in a greenhouse was 0 h light:24 h dark.

Abstract. To improve light conditions for soft-shelled turtles in a greenhouse, the effects of photoperiod on growth, digestive enzyme activity, stress, and oxidative status of juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles were investigated. In this study, juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles were reared under three photoperiods (hours light:hours dark), i.e., 0L:24D, 6L:18D, and 12L:12D) for four months. Results demonstrated that differences in growth were insignificant during the experiment, but the growth parameters of final weight, weight gain rate (WGR), and feed conversation ratio (FCR) were better at 0L:24D, and the survival rate was significantly higher at 0L:24D than at 12L:12D. Regarding digestive function, serum trypsin activity was significantly higher at 0L:24D than at 6L:18D, while lipase activity was significantly higher at 0L:24D than at 12L:12D. For the stress response parameters, serum cortisol level was significantly lower in turtles exposed to 0L:24D compared to the other treatments. With regard to antioxidant enzyme activities, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly lower at 0L:24D compared to the other treatments, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in turtles exposed to 0L:24D. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) was significantly lower at 0L:24D than at 12L:12D. The malonaldehyde (MDA) activity was a little lower at 0L:24D than at 6L:18D; however, it significantly decreased in turtles exposed to 12L:12D. On the whole, the results indicated that the photoperiod treatments had no significant effects on the growth of juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles, while extended light exposure may cause physiological stress in turtles. Considering the survival rate, digestive function, cortisol level, and oxidative status, it is suggested that juvenile soft-shelled turtles should be reared under a 0L:24D photoperiod. Keywords: Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Digestive enzyme activity, Growth, Oxidative status, Photoperiod, Stress.
Non-Hermitian photonics for coherent perfect absorption, invisibility, and lasing with different orbital angular momenta
Authors: Bai Ping , Luo Jie , Chu Hongchen , Lu Weixin , Lai Yun
Published: November 2020

We propose and numerically demonstrate that the phenomena of coherent perfect absorption, invisibility, and lasing can be simultaneously realized in a composite structure with both lossy and gain components. The three distinct functions can be independently triggered by incident waves with different orbital angular momenta. For instance, a triple-layer cylinder is demonstrated to simultaneously achieve perfect absorption, invisibility, and lasing under cylindrical monopolar, dipolar, and quadrupolar incidence, respectively. This Letter demonstrates that total attenuation, elimination of scattering, and great amplification can all be constructed in a single non-Hermitian photonic device, which utilizes the orbital angular momentum as a controlling mechanism for customized functions.
High-sensitivity magnetic sensor based on the evanescent scattering by a magnetorheological film
Authors: Li Binghui , Chan Hau Ping , Ahmmed Kazi Tanvir , He Liangjun , Zhu Shuyan , Wu Qiang
Published: November 2020

We present a simple concept to implement a magnetic sensor that uses evanescent scattering by a suspended magnetorheological (MR) film above a planar waveguide. The soft MR film embedded with ferromagnetic particles is to induce scattering on the evanescent field of a planar waveguide at a proximity distance. This distance can be controlled precisely by a magnetic field. Consequently, the waveguide output power changes in response to the magnetic intensity. Two sensor prototypes of different film thicknesses were designed and tested showing a trade-off between the sensitivity and dynamic sensing range. A maximum sensitivity of

∼
2.62

d
B

/

m
T

was obtained. Compared to optical micro-electromechanical systems, the presented sensors feature a simple design, easy fabrication, low cost, and the potential for large-scale production and miniaturization to be integrated into portable devices.
Common ground: The foundation of interdisciplinary research on bat disease emergence
Authors: Kading Rebekah C. , Kingston Tigga
Published: November 2020

Human perturbation of natural systems is accelerating the emergence of infectious diseases, mandating integration of disease and ecological research. Bats have been associated with recent zoonoses, but our bibliometric analysis of coauthor relationships identified a separation of bat ecologists and infectious disease researchers with few cross-disciplinary relationships. Of 5,645 papers, true interdisciplinary collaborations occurred primarily in research focused on White Nose Syndrome (WNS). This finding is important because it illustrates how research with outcomes favoring both bat conservation and disease mitigation promotes domain integration and network connectivity. We advocate for increased engagement between ecology and infectious researchers to address such common causes and suggest that efforts focus on leveraging existing activities, building interdisciplinary projects, and networking individuals and networks to integrate domains and coordinate resources. We provide specific opportunities for pursuing these strategies through the Bat One Health Research Network (BOHRN).
Monitor for COVID-19 vaccine resistance evolution during clinical trials
Authors: Kennedy David A. , Read Andrew F.
Published: November 2020

Although less common than the evolution of antimicrobial drug resistance, vaccine resistance can and has evolved. How likely is it that COVID-19 vaccines currently in development will be undermined by viral evolution? We argue that this can be determined by repurposing samples that are already being collected as part of clinical trials. Such information would be useful for prioritizing investment among candidate vaccines and maximizing the potential long-term impact of COVID-19 vaccines.