bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating a sense of community and space for subjectification in an online course on sustainability education during times of physical distancing
Authors: Hesen Robbert , Wals Arjen E.J. , Tauritz Rebekah L.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to demonstrate which course elements were responsible for community building, fostering subjectification and learning for being in an online course on environmental and sustainability education (ESE) during the COVID-19 pandemic and physical distancing.

Design/methodology/approach

The study investigates a graduate-level course on Environmental Education for Sustainable Living that due to COVID-19 had to be taught mainly online. A retrospective analysis was conducted when the facilitators reflected on why the course, against expectations, appeared to have affected so many students in such a meaningful and profound way as shown by their personal reflections and the course evaluation. Methodologically, this study can be described as explorative and interpretative, although it was complemented by a standardised empirical analytical end-of course evaluation.

Findings

Within the context of this study, sense of community is linked to and facilitated by the online learning environment and the educators’ and students’ roles throughout the course. This study found that interaction and inclusion can be augmented by a hybrid educational design and supported by the mutual efforts of educators and students. Reflective tasks and discussions most prominently evoked subjectification. The encouragement of students to see themselves as central subjects and the inclusion of creative tasks supported both personal exploration and sense of community.

Originality/value

This study provides educational institutions teaching online with valuable information regarding course elements that foster subjectification and create a sense of community. This is particularly of interest for the design of online ESE emphasising learning for being and more relational approaches towards teaching and learning.
Finding ways of searching for the disappeared: the information practices of the families in Colombia
Authors: Bermúdez Qvortrup Natalia
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore and identify the information-seeking process and practices of those searching for the forcefully disappeared in Colombia. It answers the questions; how do families in Colombia seek information about a disappearance, how is this seeking process mediated and how are information barriers dealt with?

Design/methodology/approach

Based on document analysis and interviews with families and NGO representatives, this bottom-up study explores the trajectory of the families' information-seeking process to highlight the most salient information practices.

Findings

A general trajectory of a search for information is laid out. The overwhelming barriers to information forces families to carry the burden of becoming information providers. NGOs provide situated learning on how to document a disappearance and deal with the state. This knowledge is passed on to families creating communities of practices. The information produced here becomes the main source of knowledge about this crime.

Originality/value

It makes a new contribution to the field of information practices by introducing the context of enforced disappearances using the example of Colombia, identifying a significant information-seeking process.
Influence of bull and bear market phase on financial risk tolerance of urban individual investors in an emerging economy
Authors: Arora Neha , Mishra Brijesh K.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to analyze how risk tolerance is influenced by bull and bear market phases, age and professional work experience (PWE) of investors in emerging economies. The authors also analyze how different market phases (bull and bear) influence risk tolerance of investors in emerging economies for different age groups and with varying PWE.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses two quantitative methods, one-way ANOVA and hierarchical regression model (HLM) to analyze individual investors' financial risk tolerance (FRT) in India.

Findings

The authors find that age and PWE have positive relationship with FRT behavior. However, interactions of these variables with market phase variable indicate that risk tolerance has nonlinear increasing relationship with investor's age and PWE. The risk tolerance of older investors is consistently high in both bull and bear market conditions, while young investors display a nonlinear risk behavior in different market conditions.

Practical implications

The study suggests that financial planners should include a longitudinal risk profiling of investors based on age groups, PWE and the current market phase to better understand investors' FRT and also to prefer more context-specific advice to investors in emerging economies, which, consequently, result in increasing the retail investors' interest in otherwise sparsely participated equity market.

Originality/value

Interaction effect of bull and bear market phases on relationship between age and PWE and FRT has been scantly studied.
Distribution and evolution of thermal stress in laser powder bed fusion: conduction mode versus keyhole mode
Authors: Chen Changpeng , Xiao Zhongxu , Xue Gang , Liao Hailong , Zhu Haihong
Published: March 2022

Purpose

High temperature gradient induces high residual stress, producing an important effect on the part manufacturing during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the molten pool mode on the thermal stress of Ti-6Al-4V alloy during different deposition processes.

Design/methodology/approach

A coupled thermal-mechanical finite element model was built. The developed model was validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data in the maximum molten pool temperature, the molten pool dimension and the residual stress described in the previous work.

Findings

For the single-track process, the keyhole mode caused an increase in both the maximum stress and the high-stress area compared with the conduction mode. For the multitrack process, a lower tensile stress around the scanning track and a higher compressive stress below the scanning track were found in the keyhole mode. For the multilayer process, the stress along the scanning direction at the middle of the part changed from tensile stress to compressive stress with the increase in the deposition layer number. As the powder layer number increased, the stress along the scanning direction near the top surface of the part decreased while the stress along the deposition direction obviously increased, indicating that the stress along the deposition direction became the dominant stress. The keyhole mode can reduce the residual stress near the top of the part, and the conduction mode was more likely to produce a low residual stress near the bottom of the part.

Originality/value

The results provide a systematic understanding of thermal stress during the LPBF process.
Characterization of a dszEABC operon providing fast growth on dibenzothiophene and construction of broad‐host‐range biodesulfurization catalysts
Authors: Martín‐Cabello Guadalupe , Terrón‐González Laura , Santero Eduardo
Published: March 2022

A new operon for biodesulfurization (BDS) of dibenzothiophene and derivatives has been isolated from a metagenomic library made from oil‐contaminated soil, by selecting growth of E. coli on DBT as the sulfur source. This operon is similar to a dszEABC operon also isolated by metagenomic functional screening but exhibited substantial differences: (i) the new fosmid provides much faster growth on DBT; (ii) associated dszEABC genes can be expressed without the need of heterologous expression from the vector promoter; and (iii) monooxygenases encoded in the fosmid cannot oxidize indole to produce indigo. We show how expression of the new dszEABC operon is regulated by the sulfur source, being induced under sulfur‐limiting conditions. Its transcription is activated by DszR, a type IV activator οf σN‐dependent promoters. DszR is coded in a dszHR operon, whose transcription is in turn regulated by sulfur and presumably activated by the global regulator of sulfur metabolism CysB. Expression of dszH is essential for production of active DszR, although it is not involved in sulfur sensing or regulation. Two broad‐host‐range DBT biodesulfurization catalysts have been constructed and shown to provide DBT biodesulfurization capability to three Pseudomonas strains, displaying desirable characteristics for biocatalysts to be used in BDS processes.
Incestuous childhood sexual abuse between siblings resulting in pregnancy without sexual intercourse
Authors: Eroglu İbrahim , Yildiz Abdulkadir , Seviçin Sedat
Published: March 2022

Victims of incest are usually women and children who are mostly girls. The abuse between siblings may remain hidden because of the family's fear of social stigma, though it may result in pregnancy. This article presents a case of incestuous childhood sexual abuse between siblings resulting in pregnancy without intercourse, an event rarely reported in the literature. An 11‐year‐old girl was brought to the hospital because of a stomachache and was detected pregnancy from examinations. Forensic medicine experts determined that the girl's hymen was still intact and non‐elastic in the genital examination. Gynecology and Obstetrics Department confirmed the pregnant compatibility with 14 weeks, 4 days; after ultrasonographic monitoring. She was abused by her 14‐year‐old brother by rubbing for 1 year and this resulted in pregnancy. During the psychiatric examination, her attitude was negative and symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder emerged. Medical abortion was applied after psychiatric and gynecological examinations. The girl's brother was confirmed as the biological father after the DNA paternity test was conducted on the fetus. Based on this case, this article aimed to examine the medical, social, and legal problems caused by incestuous childhood sexual abuse and contribute to the literature by emphasizing what forensic medicine and preventive medicine approaches should consider in such cases.
“We keep the nightmares in their cages”: Correctional culture, identity, and the warped badge of honor*
Authors: Higgins Ethan M. , Smith Justin , Swartz Kristin
Published: March 2022

Correctional scholarship has demonstrated concern over the dehumanizing implications of the carceral state for incarcerated people. This concern has been paralleled by an interest in understanding the work of prison staff and how correctional subculture may play an active role in prison dehumanization. By drawing from focus groups from all prisons in one state, we investigate how correctional staff construct and manage their identity through “us–them” ideologies. We find that staff leverage negative attitudes toward the incarcerated, and that these attitudes were underpinned by sensational cultural stories and epithets. Moreover, we find that staff use “othering” toward the incarcerated as a means to construct a warped badge of honor, which illustrates the burdens they bear from prison work and which frames themselves as heroes, guardians, and protectors. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our findings, where we consider how dehumanization illustrates the mental coping work staff endure to carry out the symbolic violence and dehumanizing objectives of the carceral system.
Detection and classification of SARS‐CoV‐2 using high‐resolution melting analysis
Authors: Sun Liying , Xiu Leshan , Zhang Chi , Xiao Yan , Li Yamei , Zhang Lulu , Ren Lili , Peng Junping
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has recently posed a significant threat to global public health. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid, expandable and sequencing‐free high‐resolution melting (HRM) approach for the direct detection and classification of SARS‐CoV‐2. Thirty‐one common pathogens that can cause respiratory tract infections were used to evaluate the specificity of the method. Synthetic RNA with serial dilutions was utilized to determine the sensitivity of the method. Finally, the clinical performance of the method was assessed using 290 clinical samples. The one‐step multiplex HRM could accurately identify SARS‐CoV‐2 and differentiate mutations in each marker site within approximately 2 h. For each target, the limit of detection was lower than 10 copies/reaction, and no cross‐reactivity was observed among organisms within the specificity testing panel. The method showed good uniformity for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection with a consistency of 100%. Regarding the clade classification performance, the results showed good concordance compared with sequencing, with the rate of agreement being 95.1% (78/82). The one‐step multiplex HRM method is a rapid method for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection and classification.
Controlling critical mistag‐associated false discoveries in metagenetic data
Authors: Richardson Rodney T.
Published: March 2022

Metagenetic methods are commonplace within ecological and environmental research. One concern with these methods is the phenomenon of ‘critical mistagging’, where sequences from one sample are erroneously inferred to have originated from another sample due to errors in the attachment, PCR replication or sequencing of sample‐specific dual‐index tags. For studies using PCR‐based library preparation on large sample sizes, the most cost‐effective approach to limiting mistag‐associated false detections involves using an unsaturated Latin square dual‐indexing design. This allows researchers to estimate mistagging rates during sequencing but the statistical procedures for filtering out detections using this mistag rate have received little attention.

I propose a straightforward method to limit mistag‐associated false discoveries during metabarcoding applications. I analysed two Illumina metabarcoding datasets produced using unsaturated Latin square designs to explore the distribution of mistagged sequences across dual‐index combinations on a per taxon basis. I tested these data for conformity to the assumptions that (a) mistagging follows a binomial distribution (i.e. X ~ B(n, p)) where p, the probability of a sequence being mistagged, varies minimally across taxa and (b) mistags are distributed uniformly across dual‐index combinations. I provide R functions that estimate the 95th percentile of expected mistags per dual‐index combination for each taxon under these assumptions.

I show that mistagging rates were consistent across taxa within the datasets analysed and that modelling mistagging as a binomial process with uniform distribution across dual‐index combinations enabled robust control of mistag‐associated false discoveries.

I propose that this method of taxon‐specific filtering of detections based on the maximum mistags expected per dual‐index combination should be broadly accepted during metagenetic analysis, provided that control sample mistag abundances follow a near‐uniform distribution. When this assumption is violated, data may be better fit by assuming that the distribution of mistags across combinations follows Poisson characteristics (i.e. X ~Pois(λ)), with λ empirically estimated from the abundance distribution of mistags among control samples. I provide a second R function for this case. Both functions and demonstrations associated with this work are freely available at https://github.com/RTRichar/ModellingCriticalMistags.
Drosophila Sirtuin 6 mediates developmental diet‐dependent programming of adult physiology and survival
Authors: Shukla Namrata , Kolthur‐Seetharam Ullas
Published: March 2022

Organisms in the wild experience unpredictable and diverse food availability throughout their lifespan. Over‐/under‐nutrition during development and in adulthood is known to dictate organismal survival and fitness. Studies using model systems have also established long‐term effects of developmental dietary alterations on life‐history traits. However, the underlining genetic/molecular factors, which differentially couple nutrient inputs during development with fitness later in life are far less understood. Using Drosophila and loss/gain of function perturbations, our serendipitous findings demonstrate an essential role of Sirtuin 6 in regulating larval developmental kinetics, in a nutrient‐dependent manner. The absence of Sirt6 affected ecdysone and insulin signalling and led to accelerated larval development. Moreover, varying dietary glucose and yeast during larval stages resulted in enhanced susceptibility to metabolic and oxidative stress in adults. We also demonstrate an evolutionarily conserved role for Sirt6 in regulating physiological homeostasis, physical activity and organismal lifespan, known only in mammals until now. Our results highlight gene‐diet interactions that dictate thresholding of nutrient inputs and physiological plasticity, operative across development and adulthood. In summary, besides showing its role in invertebrate ageing, our study also identifies Sirt6 as a key factor that programs macronutrient‐dependent life‐history traits.
Molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 inhibitors suppress conditioned place preference induced by morphine exposure in male rats
Authors: Wei Shoupeng , Li Yu‐ling , Gong Qi , Liang Hui , Bernardi Rick E. , Liang Jian‐hui
Published: March 2022

Previous studies have indicated a role for molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the development of behavioural sensitization to morphine in rodents, suggesting that Hsp70 expression following morphine exposure is involved in molecular changes that may underlie addiction vulnerability. The current study was carried out to investigate the role of Hsp70 in the positive reinforcing properties of morphine using conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. An unbiased CPP procedure of three phases (pre‐conditioning: d1–d3; conditioning: d4–d6; and testing: d7) was used. During the conditioning phase, morphine injections (5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) were administered to induce significant place preference. To explore the effect of Hsp70 on the development and expression of morphine CPP, Hsp70 inhibitors (PES, KNK437 and methylene blue) were administered into the lateral ventricle prior to either morphine conditioning sessions or a morphine challenge on the test day. Furthermore, Hsp70 expression within the mesocorticolimbic system was measured after the treatment with KNK437, a transcriptional inhibitor. We found that PES and KNK437, respectively, injected intracerebroventricularly dose‐dependently attenuated both the development and expression of morphine CPP. Methylene blue treatment demonstrated an attenuation of the development, but had no effect on the expression of morphine CPP. Following KNK437 treatment, Hsp70 expression was significantly inhibited in the shell of nucleus accumbens (NAc) during both the development and expression of morphine CPP. The findings suggest that Hsp70 in the NAc shell plays an important role in the reinforcing effects of morphine and may be involved in the development of morphine dependence.
A de novo variant in the bovine ADAMTSL4 gene in an Original Braunvieh calf with congenital cataract
Authors: Häfliger Irene M. , Wolf‐Hofstetter Sonja , Casola Christina , Hetzel Udo , Seefried Franz R. , Drögemüller Cord
Published: March 2022

Inherited forms of cataract are a heterogeneous group of eye disorders known in livestock species. Clinicopathological analysis of a single case of impaired vision in a newborn Original Braunvieh calf revealed nuclear cataract. Whole‐genome sequencing of the parent‐offspring trio revealed a de novo mutation of ADAMTSL4 in this case. The heterozygous p.Arg776His missense variant affects a conserved residue of the ADAMTSL4 gene that encodes a secreted glycoprotein expressed in the lens throughout embryonic development. In humans, ADAMTSL4 genetic variants cause recessively inherited forms of subluxation of the lens. Given that ADAMTSL4 is a functional candidate gene for inherited disorders of the lens, we suggest that heterozygosity for the identified missense variant may have caused the congenital cataract in the affected calf. Cattle populations should be monitored for unexplained cataract cases, with subsequent DNA sequencing a hypothesized pathogenic effect of heterozygous ADAMTSL4 variants could be confirmed.
Review article: current and emerging therapies for the management of cirrhosis and its complications
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Ufere Nneka N. , Huang Daniel Q. , Loomba Rohit
Published: March 2022

Background

Cirrhosis is increasingly common and morbid. Optimal utilisation of therapeutic strategies to prevent and control the complications of cirrhosis are central to improving clinical and patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a narrative review of the literature focusing on the most recent advances.

Results

We review the aetiology‐focused therapies that can prevent cirrhosis and its complications. These include anti‐viral therapies, psychopharmacological therapy for alcohol‐use disorder, and the current landscape of clinical trials for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. We review the current standard of care and latest developments in the management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. We evaluate the promise and drawbacks of chemopreventative therapies that have been examined in trials and observational studies which may reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis complications. Finally, we examine the therapies which address the non‐pain symptoms of cirrhosis including pruritis, muscle cramps, sexual dysfunction and fatigue.

Conclusion

The improvement of clinical and patient‐reported outcomes for patients with cirrhosis is possible by applying evidence‐based pharmacotherapeutic approaches to the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis complications.
‘People like me don’t do well at school’: The roles of identity compatibility and school context in explaining the socioeconomic attainment gap
Authors: Easterbrook Matthew J. , Nieuwenhuis Marlon , Fox Kerry J. , Harris Peter R. , Banerjee Robin
Published: March 2022

Background

School students who are eligible for reduced or free school meals (FSM) – an indicator of economic disadvantage – have lower academic attainment than their peers.

Aims

We investigated whether identity compatibility – the perceived compatibility between one’s social identities and the stereotype of a high‐achieving student – contributes to this socioeconomic attainment gap, and whether the association between socioeconomic status and identity compatibility is moderated by school context.

Sample

Our sample was 4,629 students aged 15–16 years old across 29 schools in England.

Method

We assessed students’ perceptions of identity compatibility via self‐report questionnaires 8 months prior to them taking national, standardized exams.

Results

Multilevel regression analyses revealed a negative indirect effect from eligibility for FSM to exam results via identity compatibility. These effects existed even while accounting for students’ gender and language status, other psychological variables known to predict academic attainment, and their previous exam results. Furthermore, school context moderated the relationship between FSM eligibility and identity compatibility. In line with the identities in context model of educational inequalities, there was a significant negative association between FSM and identity compatibility only for students attending schools in which there was previously a relatively large socioeconomic attainment gap.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the importance of social psychological variables in explaining educational inequalities, and of the local educational context in determining the educational experience of students from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds.
Lipopolysaccharide increases exosomes secretion from endothelial progenitor cells by toll‐like receptor 4 dependent mechanism
Authors: Xia Liang , Wang Xiaotian , Yao Weidong , Wang Meihui , Zhu Junhui
Published: March 2022

Background Information

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can exert angiogenic effects by a paracrine mechanism, where exosomes work as an important mediator. Recent studies reported functional expression of toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 on human EPCs and dose‐dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on EPC angiogenic properties. To study the effects of TLR4/LPS signaling on EPC‐derived exosomes (Exo) and clarify the mechanism, we investigated the role of LPS on exosomes secretion from human EPCs and tested their anti‐oxidation/senescence functions. We employed the inhibitors of the plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA), endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (ERCA), PLC‐IP3 pathway and store‐operated calcium entry to assess the effects of LPS on EPC intracellular calcium signalings which critical for exosome secretion.

Results

LPS induced the release of Exo in a TLR4‐dependent manner in vitro, which effect can be partly abrogated by an membrane‐permeable IP 3 R antagonist, 2‐aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2‐APB), but not PLC inhibitor, U‐73122. The LPS can significantly delay the fallback of [Ca2+]i after isolating the cellular PMCA activity, and disturb PMCA 1/4 expression. The distribution of elevated intracellular calcium seemed coincident with the development of the multivesicular bodies (MVBs). furthermore, the anti‐oxidation/senescence properties of LPS‐induced Exo were validated by the senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related H2DCF‐DA assay.

Conclusions

The mechanism of PMCA downregulation and IP3R‐dependent ER Ca2+ release may contribute to the pro‐exosomal effects of LPS on EPCs.

Significance

This study provides new insights into the potential role of LPS/TLR4 pathway in regulating EPC‐derived exosomes, which may help to develop some feasible approach to manipulate the Exo secretion and promote the clinical application of EPCs therapy in future.
Patch testing in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): A literature review
Authors: de Groot Anton C.
Published: March 2022

The literature on positive patch test results in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is reviewed. One hundred and five drugs were identified that have together caused 536 positive patch tests in 437 DRESS patients. By far, the most reactions (n = 145) were caused by carbamazepine, followed by amoxicillin, isoniazid, phenytoin, ethambutol, fluindione, phenobarbital, rifampicin, and ceftriaxone; 43 drugs each caused a single case only. The drug classes causing the highest number of reactions were anticonvulsants (39%), beta‐lactam antibiotics (20%), antituberculosis agents (11%), non‐beta‐lactam antibiotics (6%), and iodinated contrast media (5%). The sensitivity of patch testing (percentage of positive reactions) is high for anticonvulsants (notably carbamazepine), beta‐lactam antibiotics (notably amoxicillin), and, possibly, iodinated contrast media. Allopurinol and sulfasalazine frequently cause DRESS but never give positive patch tests. Patch testing in DRESS appears to be safe, although mild recurrence of DRESS symptoms, mostly skin reactions, may not be rare. Multiple drug hypersensitivity was found to occur in 16% of all patients, but it is argued that the true frequency is higher. Clinical aspects of DRESS, including diagnosing the disease and identifying culprit drugs (patch tests, intradermal tests, in vitro tests, challenge tests) are also provided, emphasizing the role of patch testing.
Searching for refuge: A framework for identifying site factors conferring resistance to climate‐driven vegetation change
Authors: Raiho Ann M. , Scharf Henry R. , Roland Carl A. , Swanson David K. , Stehn Sarah E. , Hooten Mevin B.
Published: March 2022

Aim

Climate change is occurring at accelerated rates in high latitude regions such as Alaska, causing alterations in woody plant growth and associated ecosystem patterns and processes. Our aim is to assess the magnitude and speed that climate‐induced changes in woody plant distribution and volume may be reduced and/or slowed by relatively static landscape features like physical characteristics (e.g. depth to gravel, mineral cover percent and slope degree) and/or edaphic properties (e.g. soil organic matter, soil pH and site wetness rating) that resist climate‐vegetation responses.

Location

We leveraged a large field data set collected across a network of Alaskan national parks, which allows for comprehensive spatial data analysis over a uniquely large spatial extent.

Methods

To learn about the conditions that may either impede or accelerate vegetation changes in northern Alaska, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to identify which landscape features may decelerate change or offer refuge for plant species. Our model quantifies the contribution of fast (‘dynamic’) versus slow (‘static’) changing variables to predict plant volume and categorize landscape types into either robust or nonrobust to climate changes.

Results

We found that two landscape features, low soil wetness and low soil organic matter comprising 63.1% of sites in the data set, were the most likely landscape features to inhibit vegetation expansion. We also found that fewer numbers of sites have the potential to offer refuge to existing plant species (5.43% on average) because few sites had high soil wetness as a landscape feature.

Main conclusions

Our analyses highlight the importance of incorporating static covariates representing landscape resistance to vegetation change for improving realism in forecasts of vegetation change in Alaska.
The role of artificial light at night and road density in predicting the seasonal occurrence of nocturnally migrating birds
Authors: La Sorte Frank A. , Johnston Alison , Rodewald Amanda D. , Fink Daniel , Farnsworth Andrew , Van Doren Benjamin M. , Auer Tom , Strimas‐Mackey Matthew
Published: March 2022

Aim

Artificial light at night (ALAN) and roads are known threats to nocturnally migrating birds. How associations with ALAN and roads are defined in combination for these species at the population level across the full annual cycle has not been explored.

Location

Western Hemisphere.

Methods

We estimated range‐wide exposure, predictor importance and the prevalence of positive associations with ALAN and roads at a weekly temporal resolution for 166 nocturnally migrating bird species in three orders: Passeriformes (n = 104), Anseriformes (n = 27) and Charadriiformes (n = 35). We clustered Passeriformes based on the prevalence of positive associations.

Results

Positive associations with ALAN and roads were more prevalent for Passeriformes during migration when exposure and importance were highest. Positive associations with ALAN and roads were more prevalent for Anseriformes and Charadriiformes during the breeding season when exposure was lowest. Importance was uniform for Anseriformes and highest during migration for Charadriiformes. Our cluster analysis identified three groups of Passeriformes, each having similar associations with ALAN and roads. The first occurred in eastern North America during migration where exposure, prevalence, and importance were highest. The second wintered in Mexico and Central America where exposure, prevalence and importance were highest. The third occurred throughout North America where prevalence was low, and exposure and importance were uniform. The first and second were comprised of dense habitat specialists and long‐distance migrants. The third was comprised of open habitat specialists and short distance migrants.

Main conclusions

Our findings suggest ALAN and roads pose the greatest risk during migration for Passeriformes and during the breeding season for Anseriformes and Charadriiformes. Our results emphasise the close relationship between ALAN and roads, the diversity of associations dictated by taxonomy, exposure, migration strategy and habitat and the need for more informed and comprehensive mitigation strategies where ALAN and roads are treated as interconnected threats.
The important role of animal social status in vertebrate seed dispersal
Authors: Bartel Savannah L. , Orrock John L.
Published: March 2022

Seed dispersal directly affects plant establishment, gene flow and fitness. Understanding patterns in seed dispersal is, therefore, fundamental to understanding plant ecology and evolution, as well as addressing challenges of extinction and global change. Our ability to understand dispersal is limited because seeds may be dispersed by multiple agents, and the effectiveness of these agents can be highly variable both among and within species. We provide a novel framework that links seed dispersal to animal social status, a key component of behaviour. Because social status affects individual resource access and movement, it provides a critical link to two factors that determine seed dispersal: the quantity of seeds dispersed and the spatial patterns of dispersal. Social status may have unappreciated effects on post‐dispersal seed survival and recruitment when social status affects individual habitat use. Hence, environmental changes, such as selective harvesting and urbanisation, that affect animal social structure may have unappreciated consequences for seed dispersal. This framework highlights these exciting new hypotheses linking environmental change, social structure and seed dispersal. By outlining experimental approaches to test these hypotheses, we hope to facilitate studies across a wide diversity of plant‐animal networks, which may uncover emerging hotspots or significant declines in seed dispersal.
A multi‐laboratory assessment of lupus anticoagulant assays performed on the ACL TOP 50 family for harmonized testing in a large laboratory network
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Mohammed Soma , Vong Ronny , Chapman Kent , Swanepoel Priscilla , Kershaw Geoffrey , Cai Nancy , Just Sarah , Connelly Lynne , Brighton Timothy , Pasalic Leonardo
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Lupus anticoagulant (LA) testing is commonly performed within hemostasis laboratories, and the ACL TOP 50 family of instruments represent a new “single platform” of hemostasis instrumentation. Our aim was to evaluate these instruments and manufacturer reagents or alternatives for utility in LA testing.

Methods

Comparative evaluations of LA testing using newly installed ACL TOPs 550 and 750 as well as comparative assessments with existing “reference,” predominantly Stago, instrumentation, and reagents. Evaluations comprised both dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)‐based assays. Establishment of normal reference ranges (NRR).

Results

The HemosIL dRVVT‐based assays showed good comparability with the existing Stago reference method (R > 0.9) and could be considered as verified as fit for purpose. A variety of APTT assays was additionally evaluated for LA utility, and we identified from the assessment good utility of a non‐Werfen solution in Hyphen BioMed Cephen reagents. NRR were established based on ≥120 normal individual plasma samples.

Conclusion

This evaluation of LA reagents on ACL TOP 50 Family instruments identified overall acceptable performance of both dRVVT (Werfen solution) and APTT (non‐Werfen solution) to enable harmonization of LA testing in our large network.
Managing the tensions between service and advocacy: The case of the AJEEC Social Change Service Organization, Naqab, Israel
Authors: Elsana Amal
Published: March 2022

The tension between providing services to marginalized groups and organizing them for advocacy to challenge power structures is a fundamental dilemma for Social Change Service Organizations (SCSO). This dilemma exists in many civil society organizations, especially those that work with indigenous communities, such as the Bedouin in Israel, where providing immediate services and advocating for policy change are crucial. Literature shows the tensions that arise from combining service provision and advocacy. However, there are very few studies showing how these organizations manage and overcome these tensions sustainably. The present study is an exploratory case study using the AJEEC (Arab‐Jewish Center for Empowerment, Equality, and Cooperation) in the Naqab as an instrumental single case. It provides an in‐depth understanding of the tensions AJEEC is facing and reveals AJEEC’s unique approach and strategies for managing these tensions effectively and sustainably within the social, political, and cultural contexts. It presents implications for research, policy, and practice.
Addressing environmental justice: Virtue ethics, social work, and social welfare
Authors: Garlington Sarah B. , Collins Mary Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Global environmental concerns are fundamental to the human condition and consequently to the social work profession. These complex issues require “big thinking.” In this article, we use virtue theory and two major social work contributions in order to grapple with understanding and addressing environmental justice. Key virtues of compassion, solidarity, and justice in social work are especially effective as an underpinning of social work interventions at community and policy levels. To further develop this work, the article focuses on: (i) identifying environmental justice as a social work concern; (ii) describing the virtues and ethical frame of compassion, solidarity, and justice; (iii) applying this frame using the Grand Challenge of the changing environment and the Global Agenda For Social Work And Social Development report; and (iv) identifying the role of religious partners in this work. To effectively engage in environmental justice, social work requires broad conceptual thinking, strong ethical frames, and enhanced cooperative networks.
Expansion of Thailand’s social pension policy and its implications for family support for older persons
Authors: Teerawichitchainan Bussarawan , Pothisiri Wiraporn
Published: March 2022

Thailand is among the few developing countries that provide social pension for a significant majority of its older adults. In 2009, the government amended the Old‐Age Allowance (OAA) scheme from a means‐tested to a near‐universal social pension program. Analyzing nationally representative data from the Surveys of Older Persons in Thailand, we found significant changes over the last decade in the patterns of old‐age income sources and filial economic support for parents aged 60 and above. Results show the declining importance of children and the rising significance of OAA as the primary income source. Yet, reliance on OAA was not necessarily associated with a decline in nonmonetary intergenerational support for the parents. Findings reveal that older persons whose main income source was OAA were less likely than others to report income adequacy and positive psychological well‐being, suggesting that the scheme may have little impact in dampening inequality among older Thais.
Child‐related family policies in East and Southeast Asia: An intra‐regional comparison
Authors: Tonelli Simone , Drobnič Sonja , Huinink Johannes
Published: March 2022

Over the past five decades, dramatic demographic and socio‐economic changes have taken place in East and Southeast Asian countries, with important implications for the family and its future. Still, little is known about the typical configurations of state support for families in these countries. We examine governments’ strategies for supporting families and reducing the cost of children. Employing hierarchical cluster analysis, we uncover four distinctive family policy profiles—maternity support, poverty‐relief support, employment‐oriented support and encompassing support—and discuss their implication for defamilialisation. What appears less clear are the drivers behind such configurations, but there are indications that fertility concerns, the cultural fabric of a country and the productivist profile of the social policy regime seem to influence the orientation of family policy models. Overall, the development of family policy in East and Southeast Asia seems to be fragmented and characterised by parallel interventions of different types of provenance.
CXCL11 expressing C57BL/6 mice have intact adaptive immune responses to viral infection
Authors: Dalit Lennard , Alvarado Carolina , Küijper Lisan , Kueh Andrew J , Weir Ashley , D’Amico Angela , Herold Marco J , Vince James E , Nutt Stephen L , Groom Joanna R
Published: March 2022

The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is expressed on immune cells to co‐ordinate lymphocyte activation and migration. CXCR3 binds three chemokine ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. These ligands display distinct expression patterns and ligand signaling biases; however, how each ligand functions individually and collaboratively is incompletely understood. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are considered pro‐inflammatory chemokines during viral infection, while CXCL11 may induce a tolerizing state. The investigation of the individual role of CXCL11 in vivo has been hampered as C57BL/6 mice carry several mutations that result in a null allele. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to correct these mutations on a C57BL/6 background. It was validated that CXCL11KI mice expressed CXCL11 protein in dendritic cells, spleen and lung. CXCL11KI mice were largely phenotypically indistinguishable from C57BL/6 mice, both at steady‐state and during two models of viral infection. While CXCL11 expression did not modify acute antiviral responses, this study provides a new tool to understand the role of CXCL11 in other experimental settings.
Performance enhancement of soft‐PZT5 piezoelectric ceramics using poling technique
Authors: Kong Shuyan , Hong Canhuang , Zhang Wenjie , Liu Ying , Wang Zujian , Yang Xiaoming , Su Rongbing , Long Xifa , He Chao
Published: March 2022

Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3(PZT) ceramics are the most widely used piezoelectric ceramics due to their excellent performance. It has been reported that the direct current poling (DCP) apply on alternating current poling (ACP) relaxor‐PbTiO3ferroelectric crystals can further improve the piezoelectric properties. Herein, we report the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of soft‐PZT5 ceramics under DCP, ACP, and ACP + DCP methods. The piezoelectric coefficientd33of the soft‐PZT5 ceramics was 560 pC/N using ACP+DCP at room temperature (RT), which is 4% higher than the ACP‐treated sample (540 pC/N) and 24% higher than the DCP‐treated sample (450 pC/N). The ideal poling temperatures of DCP and ACP were found to be 120°C and 60°C, showing optimald33values of 540 pC/N and 565 pC/N, respectively. The ACP and ACP+DCP samples show the same aging trend. After 30 days of aging, thed33values of the DCP, ACP, and ACP+DCP soft‐PZT5 ceramics were 415 pC/N, 500 pC/N, and 510 pC/N, respectively, showing decreases of 12%, 8%, and 9%, respectively. This work indicates that the ACP+DCP method is an effective method to improve the piezoelectric properties of soft‐PZT5 ceramics.
One size does not fit all: Implicit theories of body weight and body mass index interact to predict body image disturbances
Authors: Bruchmann Kathryn , Thai Chan L. , Wingard Brianna
Published: March 2022

Implicit theories of body weight (ITBW) have predicted successful weight loss efforts, such that incremental beliefs (body weight is malleable) lead to more success and resilience in the face of setbacks than entity beliefs (body weight is unchangeable). But, less is known about how ITBW is related to body image. Two studies tested how ITBW (measured in Study 1, manipulated in Study 2) interacts with body mass index (BMI) to predict body shame, body surveillance, and disordered eating in undergraduate samples (Study 1 N = 296, Study 2 N = 363). We saw evidence that for participants with higher BMIs, an incremental theory of body weight predicted less body shame, surveillance, and disordered eating compared to an entity theory of body weight. But, for participants with lower BMIs, we saw some evidence that an incremental theory of body weight can actually be harmful and increase disordered eating attitudes or a desire to change body weight.
Comparative peripheral edema for dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers treatment: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Liang Ling , Kung Janice Y. , Mitchelmore Bradley , Cave Andrew , Banh Hoan Linh
Published: March 2022

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DHPCCBs) are widely used to treat hypertension and chronic coronary artery disease. One common adverse effect of DHPCCBs is peripheral edema, particularly of the lower limbs. The side effect could lead to dose reduction or discontinuation of the medication. The combination of DHPCCBs and renin‐angiotensin system blockers has shown to reduce the risk of DHPCCBs‐associated peripheral edema compared with DHPCCBs monotherapy. We performed the current systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the rate of peripheral edema with DHPCCBs as a class and with individual DHPCCBs and the ranking of the reduction of peripheral edema. The effects of renin‐angiotensin system blockers on DHPCCBs network meta‐analysis were created to analyze the ranking of the reduction of peripheral edema. A total of 3312 publications were identified and 71 studies with 56,283 patients were included. Nifedipine ranked highest in inducing peripheral edema (SUCRA 81.8%) and lacidipine (SUCRA 12.8%) ranked the least. All DHPCCBs except lacidipine resulted in higher relative risk (RR) of peripheral edema compared with placebo. Nifedipine plus angiotensin receptor blocker (SUCRA: 92.3%) did not mitigate peripheral edema and amlodipine plus angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (SUCRA: 16%) reduced peripheral edema the most. Nifedipine ranked the highest and lacidipine ranked the lowest amongst DHPCCBs for developing peripheral edema when used for cardiovascular indications. The second or higher generation of DHPCCBs combination with ACEIs or ARBs or diuretics lowered the chance of peripheral edema development compared to single DHPCCB treatment.
Current apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A multi‐center cross‐sectional study
Authors: Li Dan , Huo Zhihao , Liu Danyang , Gong Nirong , Zhang Fen , Kong Yaozhong , Zhang Yunfang , Su Xiaoyan , Xu Qingdong , Feng Jiexia , Luo Fuzhang , Wang Cheng , Dou Xianrui , Sun Guohui , Zhang Difei , Qin Xianhui , Zhang Guangqing , Lu Fuhua , Ai Jun
Published: March 2022

Apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension (aTRH) is the most commonly used term to report resistant hypertension (RH) and is considered as a common problem in dialysis population. However, few reports have focused on peritoneal dialysis (PD) hypertensive patients. The authors conducted a multi‐center cross‐sectional study involving 1789 PD patients from nine centers in Guangdong, China. The prevalence of aTRH was estimated by home blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Evaluating drug adherence through Eight‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS‐8) and pill counting was performed to assess RH in one PD center. Related factors of aTRH were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of aTRH in PD patients was estimated at 42.2% (755 out of 1789 hypertensive patients) based on home BP. Of those, 91.4% patients were classified as uncontrolled RH, 2.0% as controlled RH, and 6.6% as refractory hypertension. The prevalence of RH was 40.6% and 41.9% among those with medium/high adherence based on the MMAS‐8 scores and the pill counting rate, respectively. PD patients who were younger, with higher body mass index, with lower serum albumin and poorer dialysis adequacy were significantly associated with higher aTRH incident. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a high prevalence of aTRH in PD population, which occurs in about two in five treated hypertensive patients. Nutritional status and dialysis adequacy might tightly associate with aTRH.