bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: T3P®‐Promoted Kabachnik—Fields Reaction: An Efficient Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Milen Matyas , Abranyi‐Balogh Peter , Dansco Andras , Frigyes David , Pongo Laszlo , Keglevich Gyoergy
Published: January 2014

The one‐pot three‐component reaction of aromatic amines (I), aromatic aldehydes (II) and triethyl phosphite (III) proceeds rapidly in the presence of propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P®) as condensing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Natural Products. Part 69. A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Crucigasterin A, and Cytotoxic Activity of this Compound and Its Related Analogues.
Authors: Kumar Jayprakash Narayan , Reddy Parigi Raghavendra , Das Biswanath , Kumar C. Ganesh , Sujitha Pombala
Published: January 2014

Title compound (VIII) is synthesized starting from (L)‐(‐)‐malic acid (I) with 84% syn selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Densification Characteristics of ZrO2 Doped Pure Al2O3 Ceramics Synthesized Through Co‐Precipitation Route.
Authors: Chakraborty A. , Sanfui B. K. , Parya T. K.
Published: January 2014

Double hydroxide hydrogels of Al and Zr (0—0.3 mol%) are coprecipitated from Al(O‐iPr)3 and ZrOCl2 in 1:1 iPr‐OH/H2O solution (pH 3.5—4, reflux).
ChemInform Abstract: En route to Full Implementation: Driving the Green Chemistry Agenda in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Federsel Hans‐Juergen
Published: January 2014

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Application of Organocatalysis to Glycosylations
Authors: Balmond Edward I. , Galan M. Carmen , McGarrigle Eoghan M.
Published: January 2014

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated Amino Alcohols via Cyclization of Allylic Bistrichloroacetimidates
Authors: Jirgensons Aigars , Grigorjeva Liene , Maleckis Ansis , Klimovica Kristine
Published: January 2014

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Allyl Dienol Carbonates: Reactivity, Regioselectivity, Enantioselectivity, and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Arseniyadis Stellios , Fournier Jeremy , Thangavelu Saravanan , Lozano Oscar , Prevost Sebastien , Archambeau Alexis , Menozzi Candice , Cossy Janine
Published: January 2014

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Reactions of C—C Unsaturated Bonds
Authors: Chen Xiang‐Yu , Ye Song
Published: January 2014

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indenoindoles and Cyclopentacarbazoles as Bioactive Compounds: Synthesis and Biological Applications
Authors: Rongved Pal , Kirsch Gilbert , Bouaziz Zouhair , Jose Joachim , Le Borgne Marc
Published: January 2014

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoidal Molecules: Strategies Towards Bioactive Compounds with an Emphasis on Lapachones
Authors: de Castro Solange L. , Emery Flavio S. , da Silva Junior Eufranio N.
Published: January 2014

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazole Containing Natural Products: Synthetic Preview and Biological Significance
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kaur Kamalneet , Gupta Girish Kumar , Sharma Anil Kumar
Published: January 2014

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisiting Heck‐Mizoroki Reactions in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Santos Carla I. M. , Barata Joana F. B. , Faustino M. Amparo F. , Lodeiro Carlos , Neves M. Graca P. M. S.
Published: January 2014

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Tricky Task of Nitrate/Nitrite Antiport
Authors: Andrade Susana L. A. , Einsle Oliver
Published: January 2014

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium Salts and Their Polymeric Materials for Biological Applications
Authors: Riduan Siti Nurhanna , Zhang Yugen
Published: January 2014

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Splitting Catalysis and Solar Fuel Devices: Artificial Leaves on the Move
Authors: Joya Khurram Saleem , Joya Yasir F. , Ocakoglu Kasim , van de Krol Roel
Published: January 2014

Review: 100 refs.
A Critical Study of the Use of the Iodine Number in the Characterization of Activated Carbons
Authors: Möller Martin , Treese Julian , Pasel Christoph , Bathen Dieter
Published: January 2014

Zur Charakterisierung des Adsorptionsverhaltens von Aktivkohlen in der flüssigen Phase wird in der industriellen Praxis häufig die Jodzahl verwendet. Hersteller von Aktivkohlen verwenden dabei experimentelle Methoden, die verschiedenen Regelwerken (u. a. CEFIC 2.3 und ASTM D4607) entnommen sind. Dabei kommen unterschiedliche Methoden für die gleiche Kennzahl zur Anwendung, so dass Aktivkohlen verschiedener Hersteller oft nur unzureichend verglichen werden können. Diese Arbeit bietet daher einen systematischen Vergleich und eine kritische Bewertung von Methoden zur Messung der Jodzahl.
Filter‐based perturbation control of low‐frequency oscillation in voltage‐mode H‐bridge DC–AC inverter
Authors: Lu Weiguo , Zhao Naikuan , Wu Junke , El Aroudi Abdelali , Zhou Luowei
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a new additional perturbation control method for suppressing low‐frequency oscillation in voltage‐mode H‐bridge DC–AC inverter. The stability boundary of the H‐bridge inverter is investigated from its small‐signal averaged model. High input voltage and light load would cause low‐frequency oscillation in this system. To this end, a filter‐based perturbation control (FBPC) is proposed for eliminating this oscillation, by using an analog filter to extract the unexpected signal and applying it to the control loop. Theoretical results show a larger stability range of the controlled system with the proposed FBPC. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed controller can control the low‐frequency oscillation in H‐bridge DC–AC inverter well. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rebirth of human embryology
Authors: Gasser Raymond F. , Cork R. John , Stillwell Brian J. , McWilliams David T.
Published: January 2014

Key findings

Brief history of human embryonic development

Features of the Virtual Human Embryo DREM (VHE) website

VHE features on The Endowment for Human Development (EHD) website
Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui
Authors: Perkins Kim S. , Nimmo John R. , Medeiros Arthur C. , Szutu Daphne J. , von Allmen Erica
Published: January 2014

Understanding the role of soils in regulating water flow through the unsaturated zone is critical in assessing the influence of vegetation on soil moisture dynamics and aquifer recharge. Because of fire, introduced ungulates and landscape‐level invasion of non‐native grasses, less than 10% of original dry forest (~730 mm precipitation annually) still exists on leeward Haleakalā, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Native dry forest restoration at Auwahi has demonstrated the potential for dramatic revegetation, allowing a unique experimental comparison of hydrologic function between tracts of restored forest and adjacent grasslands. We hypothesized that even relatively recent forest restoration can assist in the recovery of impaired hydrologic function, potentially increasing aquifer recharge. To compare restored forest and grassland sites, we experimentally irrigated and measured soil moisture and temperature with subsurface instrumentation at four locations within the reforested area and four within the grassland, each with a 2·5 × 2·5‐m plot. Compared with grassland areas, water in reforested sites moved to depth faster with larger magnitude changes in water content. The median first arrival velocity of water was greater by a factor of about 13 in the reforested sites compared with the grassland sites. This rapid transport of water to depths of 1 m or greater suggests increased potential aquifer recharge. Improved characterization of how vegetation and soils influence recharge is crucial for understanding the long‐term impacts of forest restoration on aquifer recharge and water resources, especially in moisture‐limited regions. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The role of neutrophils and G‐CSF in DNFB‐induced contact hypersensitivity in mice
Authors: Christensen Anne Deen , Skov Søren , Haase Claus
Published: January 2014

Neutrophils are thought to play an important role during contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice, a notion which is supported by studies in which neutrophils are depleted by monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Here, we show that administration of the commonly used anti‐mouse Ly6G/C mAb (clone RB6.8C5) leads to depletion of not only neutrophils but also a population of monocytes and macrophages. In contrast, depletion using a Ly6G‐specific mAb (clone 1A8) only leads to depletion of neutrophils. We demonstrate that the anti‐Ly6G/C mAb suppresses the inflammatory response to a higher extent than the anti‐Ly6G mAb suggesting that the impact of neutrophil‐depletion in the CHS model may have been overstated when based on protocols using the anti‐Ly6G/C mAb. Still, the role of neutrophils in CHS is substantiated as we demonstrate that G‐CSF is an important regulator of neutrophil mobilization and effector function in CHS. Indeed, G‐CSF was detectable both in the inflamed tissue and in serum during the immune response and we show that blocking G‐CSF results in a reduced number of neutrophils in the blood and an attenuation of the ear‐swelling response in the tissue.

In conclusion, this study supports that neutrophils are important drivers of inflammation in the DNFB‐induced CHS model and shows that G‐CSF is a significant factor in mobilizing neutrophils during the response.
Coping With Vicarious Trauma in the Aftermath of a Natural Disaster
Authors: Smith Lauren E. , Bernal Darren R. , Schwartz Billie S. , Whitt Courtney L. , Christman Seth T. , Donnelly Stephanie , Wheatley Anna , Guillaume Casta , Nicolas Guerda , Kish Jonathan , Kobetz Erin
Published: January 2014

This study documents the vicarious psychological impact of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti on Haitians living in the United States. The role of coping resources—family, religious, and community support—was explored. The results highlight the importance of family and community as coping strategies to manage such trauma.

Este estudio documenta el impacto psicológico vicario que tuvo el terremoto de 2010 en Haití sobre los residentes haitianos que viven en Estados Unidos. Se explora el papel de los recursos de afrontamiento—apoyo familiar, religioso y comunitario. Lo resultados destacan la importancia de la familia y la comunidad como estrategias de afrontamiento para superar un trauma de esas características.
Investigation on Reference Intervals and Regional Differences of Platelet Indices in Healthy Chinese Han Adults
Authors: Hong Jiang , Min Zhao , Bai‐shen Pan , Jie Zhang , Ming‐ting Peng , Xian‐zhang Huang , Xiao‐ke Hao , Lan‐lan Wang , Xin Zhang , Wei Guo , Rui Qiao , Wen‐xiang Chen , Xin‐zhong Wu , Yue‐yun Ma , Hong Shang
Published: January 2014

Background

Reference intervals are important for interpretation of clinical laboratory tests. The platelet (PLT) indices such as the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are newer hematological parameters, which have been recently reported as clinically valuable biomarkers. However, there are not many studies that have estimated the reference intervals for these parameters in healthy Chinese Han adults.

Objective

The objectives of this study were to establish reference values of PLT indices [including PLT count, MPV, PDW, platelet‐large cell ratio (P‐LCR), and plateletcrit (Pct)] for healthy Chinese Han adults. We also aimed to determine the region‐based differences of PLT indices in China.

Methods

A total of 4,642 volunteers with a mean age of 43 were recruited from six regions of China. PLT indices were performed on Sysmex XE‐2100 hematology analyzers, whose traceability was well verified.

Results

There were significant region‐based differences for all PLT indices. Reference people in Chengdu had the lowest mean PLT count and Pct, but the highest MPV, PDW, and P‐LCR among the six regions. Therefore, we derived the reference intervals in Chinese Han population excluding Chengdu reference people for PLT indices as PLT count: (127–341) × 109/l; MPV: (9.20–13.30) fl; PDW: 9.90–19.00%; P‐LCR: 18.10–52.00%; Pct: 16.00–41.00%.

Conclusions

Region‐specific reference intervals are essential as there were statistically significant region‐related differences in the PLT parameters. The reference intervals established in this study differed from the existing reference values. Chengdu region may need proper specific reference ranges, which apply to their people, for all PLT parameters.
Virus specific cell‐mediated immunity may play a role in controlling reactivated human herpesvirus 6B in patients under measles induced immunosuppression
Authors: Kumagai Takuji , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Shiraki Kimiyasu , Yoshida Mariko , Nakayama Tetsuo , Ihira Masaru , Asano Yoshizo
Published: January 2014

For a better understanding of the cellular immune responses to reactivated HHV 6B the lymphoproliferative response to human herpesvirus 6B (HHV 6B) antigen was measured in three consecutive specimens obtained biweekly from 22 young children and infants suffering from acute measles, and in 19 influenza patients and nine healthy control subjects. HHV 6B DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected in 18 of 22 subjects with measles, but not in the influenza patients or the healthy population. A novel reactivation profile of HHV 6B was found in patients with measles in the milder form of immunosuppression than in patients with organ transplantation. HHV 6B specific lymphoproliferation activities increased correspondingly with reactivation of HHV 6B assessed by detecting HHV 6B DNA in PBMCs in patients with measles, but no significant change in either the antibody response to HHV 6B or DNAemia occurred in serial specimens obtained either from patients with influenza or healthy subjects. This novel form of HHV 6B reactivation without antibody response was observed in patients with measles. The dynamic fluctuations in lymphoproliferative responses in measles may represent the balance between HHV 6B reactivation and its suppression by the host immune system. J. Med. Virol. 86:658–665, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Culture‐independent pilot study of microbiota colonizing open fractures and association with severity, mechanism, location, and complication from presentation to early outpatient follow‐up
Authors: Hannigan Geoffrey D. , Hodkinson Brendan P. , McGinnis Kelly , Tyldsley Amanda S. , Anari Jason B. , Horan Annamarie D. , Grice Elizabeth A. , Mehta Samir
Published: January 2014

Precise identification of bacteria associated with post‐injury infection, co‐morbidities, and outcomes could have a tremendous impact in the management and treatment of open fractures. We characterized microbiota colonizing open fractures using culture‐independent, high‐throughput DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes, and analyzed those communities with respect to injury mechanism, severity, anatomical site, and infectious complications. Thirty subjects presenting to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for acute care of open fractures were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Microbiota was collected from wound center and adjacent skin upon presentation to the emergency department, intraoperatively, and at two outpatient follow‐up visits at approximately 25 and 50 days following initial presentation. Bacterial community composition and diversity colonizing open fracture wounds became increasingly similar to adjacent skin microbiota with healing. Mechanism of injury, severity, complication, and location were all associated with various aspects of microbiota diversity and composition. The results of this pilot study demonstrate the diversity and dynamism of the open fracture microbiota, and their relationship to clinical variables. Validation of these preliminary findings in larger cohorts may lead to the identification of microbiome‐based biomarkers of complication risk and/or to aid in management and treatment of open fractures. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:597–605, 2014.
Effect of respiration on the B0 field in the human spinal cord at 3T
Authors: Verma Tanya , Cohen‐Adad Julien
Published: January 2014

Purpose

Respiration affects the bulk magnetic susceptibility, causing frequency shifts as shown in the brain at 7T. Due to the close proximity of the spine to the lungs, this effect is expected to be even larger in the spinal cord, resulting in detrimental B0 offset. The goal of this study was to quantify the effect of respiration on B0 variation in the spinal cord.

Methods

Seven healthy subjects were scanned at 3T. Field maps were acquired during inspired and expired conditions. Frequency shift was quantified in the brain, brainstem, and cervico‐thoracic spinal cord. A skewed Gaussian function with linear term was fitted to the frequency shift as a function of z‐location along the spine.

Results

Large frequency shifts were measured along the cord, with a maximum of 74 Hz at C7 (P < 0.05), corresponding to 0.58 ppm. The proposed model was adequately fitted to the respiratory‐induced frequency‐shifts (adjusted R2 = 0.9954). The morphology of subjects (weight and height) seemed to have an impact on the amplitude of frequency shift, although correlations were not significant.

Conclusions

This study provides a deeper understanding of the contribution of respiration to B0 shift in the spinal cord. The proposed model can be useful for designing future hardware or software strategies to compensate for these B0 variations dynamically. Magn Reson Med 72:1629–1636, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elektronische Nervenzellen
Authors: Thomas Andy , Kaltschmidt Christian
Published: January 2014

Das menschliche Gehirn funktioniert grundsätzlich anders als ein digitaler Computer, weshalb es bestimmte Aufgaben viel besser als dieser lösen kann. Hierfür wäre eine Computerarchitektur attraktiv, die künstlich die Eigenschaften biologischer Nervensysteme nachahmt. Vor allem die Verbindungen zwischen den Nervenzellen sind interessant: Diese Synapsen spielen bei Lernprozessen eine entscheidende Rolle. Bislang fehlten jedoch elektronische Bauelemente, die sich als künstliche Synapsen eignen. Memristoren, die zum Beispiel auf Tunnelkontakten basieren, könnten dies ändern.
Mit Pauken und Trommeln
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo
Published: January 2014

Pauken und Trommeln scheinen perfekte Anwendungen der zweidimensionalen Schwingung idealer kreisförmiger Membranen zu sein. Doch die Schwingungsspektren beider Instrumente weichen erheblich von dieser Theorie ab. Die Pauke schwingt nicht etwa mit den anharmonischen Obertönen der idealen Membran, sondern mit harmonischen Oberschwingungen. Ursache ist die über dem Paukenfell mitschwingende Luftsäule. Trommeln produzieren ein komplexes Geräusch. Es beruht vor allem auf der Wechselwirkung zwischen zwei Membranen, die das Trommelgehäuse auf beiden Seiten verschließen.
Physikalische Zauberei: die Kette im Ring
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter
Published: January 2014

Ein einfacher physikalischer Zaubertrick besteht darin, eine Kette über den Handrücken zu legen und danach von unten einen Ring über die Kette zu schieben. Der Ring kann entweder von der zweiten Hand oder der die Kette haltenden Hand gehalten werden. Er wird sodann losgelassen und soll (mit einem Knoten) in der Kette hängen bleiben.
Ein Türspalt Licht
Authors: Schlichting H. Joachim
Published: January 2014

Unter bestimmten Umständen erscheinen hinter Türspalten mehrere helle Streifen. Die vielleicht überraschende Ursache hierfür sind helle Gegenstände im Außenbereich, die wie Lichtquellen wirken und zu diesem Phänomen führen. Ein einfacher Freihandversuch bestätigt diese vielleicht überraschende Deutung.
Spucke aus dem Gleichgewicht
Authors: Vilgis Thomas
Published: January 2014

Winterzeit ist Rotweinzeit, und wohltemperierte, tanninreiche Weine sind willkommene Begleiter von Gänsebraten, Schmorgerichten und anderen deftigen Genüssen. Empfindliche Zungen kommen aber mit der Adstringenz, also dem zusammenziehenden, leicht pelzigen Gefühl im Mund, kaum zurecht. Ein Fall für die Proteinphysik.
SEM analysis of defects and wear on Ni–Ti rotary instruments
Authors: Arantes Werington Borges , da Silva Celso Monteiro , Lage‐Marques José Luiz , Habitante Sandramarcia , da Rosa Luiz Carlos Laureano , de Medeiros João Marcelo Ferreira
Published: January 2014

SEM analysis of endodontic instruments from a Ni–Ti rotary system was assessed, before and after using them, considering their defects and deformations. Twenty Twisted File®, BioRąCe®, Mtwo®, and EndoWave® instruments were micrographed at 190× magnification. The files were washed and micrographed again to view alterations as to the presence or absence of irregular edges, grooves, microcavities, and scraping. Simulated root canal preparations were performed using these instruments. The instruments were cleaned and received a microscopic analysis after being used five times. After analysis tests were tested using Fisher's exact test and Kappa to evaluate the concordance among examiners. There was a statistically significant difference with respect to deformations between Twisted File® and other instruments (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in strains between the other groups (p > 0.05). All Twisted File® instruments showed the same defects; however damage were lower than those found in BioRace® and Mtwo®. The Endowave® did not show the same defects. In accordance with the data we conclude that the presence of defects was higher in Twisted File® instruments as the instruments and BioRace® Mtwo® brand, the defect rate was smaller and Endowave® instruments had no defects. Regarding the presence of wear after five uses among the groups all instruments showed changes in their cutting blades. SCANNING 36:411–418, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved Outcomes in the Management of High‐Risk Incisional Hernias Utilizing Biological Mesh and Soft‐Tissue Reconstruction: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Skipworth J. R. A. , Vyas S. , Uppal L. , Floyd D. , Shankar A.
Published: January 2014

Introduction

Repair of incisional hernias is complex in the setting of previous/current infection, loss of domain and bowel involvement, and is often on the background of significant co‐morbidities. Reported repair techniques are associated with significant morbidity and led our unit to develop a novel technique for complex incisional hernia repair.

Methods

A retrospective case notes review of all high‐risk (Ventral Hernia Working Group grade 2–4) incisional hernia repairs was undertaken. Standardized repair involved resection of attenuated soft tissue and hernia sac (bioburden reduction), component separation (where necessary), intra‐peritoneal Strattice™ biological mesh insertion, midline fascial closure, and soft‐tissue reconstruction, performed in combination with a plastic surgeon as a single‐stage procedure.

Results

A total of 58 patients underwent hernia repair between February 2009 and September 2012 (median age 59 years; 59 % female). Eleven patients (19 %) were grade 4, 19 (33 %) were grade 3, and 28 (48 %) were grade 2. Nineteen (33 %) were recurrent hernias, and midline fascial closure was achieved in 52 (90 %). Early complications included 15 (26 %) surgical‐site occurrences, three (5 %) respiratory complications, two (3 %) cardiac complications, and two (3 %) urinary tract infections. Follow‐up has revealed three (5 %) asymptomatic hernia recurrences and no patients requiring mesh explantation.

Conclusions

This technique was associated with a low risk of surgical site occurrences and hernia recurrence, with no requirements for mesh explantation. Repair of such complex incisional hernias remains challenging, and further randomized controlled trials are required to elucidate the optimal method of closure and mesh type.
Accumulation of Hydroxyl Lipids and 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐Hexenal in Live Fish Infected with Fish Diseases
Authors: Tanaka Ryusuke , Shigeta Kazuhiro , Sugiura Yoshimasa , Hatate Hideo , Matsushita Teruo
Published: January 2014

Hydroxy lipids (L‐OH) and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐hexenal (HHE) levels as well as other parameters such as lipid level, lipid class, fatty acid composition, and other aldehydes levels in the liver of diseased fish were investigated. Although significant differences in lipid level, lipid class, fatty acid composition, and other aldehyde levels were not always observed between normal and diseased fish, L‐OH and HHE levels were significantly higher in the liver of the diseased fish than in that of the normal fish cultured with the same feeds under the same conditions. In the liver of puffer fish (Fugu rubripes) infected with Trichodina, L‐OH and HHE levels significantly increased from 25.29 ± 5.04 to 47.70 ± 5.27 nmol/mg lipid and from 299.79 ± 25.25 to 1,184.40 ± 60.27 nmol/g tissue, respectively. When the levels of HHE and other aldehydes in the liver of the normal and diseased puffer fish were plotted, a linear relationship with a high correlation coefficient was observed between HHE and propanal (r2 = 0.9447). Increased L‐OH and HHE levels in the liver of the diseased fish and a high correlation between HHE and propanal in the liver of the normal and diseased fish were also observed in flat fish (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with streptococcus, yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) infected with jaundice, and amberjack (S. purpurascens) infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.
Understanding the mechanism of glucose‐induced relief of Rgt1‐mediated repression in yeast
Authors: Roy Adhiraj , Jouandot David , Cho Kyu Hong , Kim Jeong-Ho
Published: January 2014

The yeast Rgt1 repressor inhibits transcription of the glucose transporter (HXT) genes in the absence of glucose. It does so by recruiting the general corepressor complex Ssn6‐Tup1 and the HXT corepressor Mth1. In the presence of glucose, Rgt1 is phosphorylated by the cAMP‐activated protein kinase A (PKA) and dissociates from the HXT promoters, resulting in expression of HXT genes. In this study, using Rgt1 chimeras that bind DNA constitutively, we investigate how glucose regulates Rgt1 function. Our results show that the DNA‐bound Rgt1 constructs repress expression of the HXT1 gene in conjunction with Ssn6‐Tup1 and Mth1, and that this repression is lifted when they dissociate from Ssn6‐Tup1 in high glucose conditions. Mth1 mediates the interaction between the Rgt1 constructs and Ssn6‐Tup1, and glucose‐induced downregulation of Mth1 enables PKA to phosphorylate the Rgt1 constructs. This phosphorylation induces dissociation of Ssn6‐Tup1 from the DNA‐bound Rgt1 constructs, resulting in derepression of HXT gene expression. Therefore, Rgt1 removal from DNA occurs in response to glucose but is not necessary for glucose induction of HXT gene expression, suggesting that glucose regulates Rgt1 function by primarily modulating the Rgt1 interaction with Ssn6‐Tup1.
Robotic technology for pelvic exenteration in cases of cervical cancer
Authors: Iavazzo Christos , Gkegkes Ioannis D.
Published: January 2014

Background

Cervical cancer represents one of the most common types of neoplasia among women; the use of minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of cervical cancer is a challenge.

Objectives

To present evidence regarding robotic technology in the performance of pelvic exenteration in cases of cervical cancer.

Search strategy

PubMed and Scopus databases were searched.

Selection criteria

Articles examining the use of robotic technology for pelvic exenteration in cases of cervical cancer were included.

Data collection and analysis

Four studies were included.

Main results

Most cancers treated with robotic‐assisted pelvic exenteration were squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix. The stage of primary cancer ranged from IB2 to IVA. In 7 of the 8 patients, anterior pelvic exenteration was performed; the other patient underwent total pelvic exenteration. Procedure duration ranged from 375 to 600 minutes; blood loss was 200–550 mL. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 of the 8 patients and included perineal abscess, Miami pouch fistula, and ureteral stenosis. Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 3 to 53 days, and postoperative follow‐up ranged from 2 to 31 months.

Conclusions

The gold standard for pelvic exenteration remains the open surgical approach; however, the application of robotic technology could be an alternate choice associated with excellent results.
Taking a shine to it: How the preference for glossy stems from an innate need for water
Authors: Meert Katrien , Pandelaere Mario , Patrick Vanessa M.
Published: January 2014

Human beings are attracted to glossy objects. However, the investigation of whether this preference for glossy is a systematic bias, and the rationale for why, has received little or no attention. Drawing on an evolutionary psychology framework, we propose and test the hypothesis that the preference for glossy stems from an innate preference for fresh water as a valuable resource. In a set of six studies we demonstrate the preference for glossy among both adults and young children (studies 1A, 1B and 2) ruling out a socialization explanation, investigate the hypothesis that the preference for glossy stems from an innate need for water as a resource (studies 3 and 5) and, in addition, rule out the more superficial account of glossy = pretty (study 4). The interplay between the different perspectives, implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
Prevention of BMS‐777607‐induced polyploidy/senescence by mTOR inhibitor AZD8055 sensitizes breast cancer cells to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics
Authors: Sharma Sharad , Yao Hang-Ping , Zhou Yong-Qing , Zhou Jianwei , Zhang Ruiwen , Wang Ming-Hai
Published: January 2014

Targeted inhibition of MET/RON signaling by tyrosine kinase inhibitor BMS‐777607 for cancer treatment is currently under clinical trials. We have previously shown that BMS‐777607 induces chemoresistance in vitro by causing polyploidy, which hampers therapeutic efficacy. Here, we studied polyploidy‐associated senescence induced by BMS‐777607 in breast cancer cells and its prevention by mTOR inhibitor AZD8055, leading to increased chemosensitivity. In breast cancer T‐47D and ZR‐75‐1 cells, BMS‐777607 induced phenotypic changes including enlarged cellular size, flattened morphology, increased DNA content, and activity of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase. These changes were accompanied by increased p21/WAF1 expression and decreased Retinoblastoma Ser780 phosphorylation, indicating that BMS‐777607 induces not only polyploidy but also senescence. The appearance of senescence was associated with polyploidy in which β‐galactosidase is exclusively expressed in polyploid cells. Survivin expression was increased in polyploid/senescent cells as analyzed by Western blotting. Increased survivin accumulated both in the nucleus and cytoplasm and dissociated with condensed DNA and mitotic spindle at the metaphase. Abnormal accumulation of survivin also rendered polyploid/senescent cells insensitive to cytotoxic activities of YM155, a DNA damaging agent with a suppressive effect on survivin gene transcription. AZD8055, a specific mTOR inhibitor, effectively prevented BMS‐777607‐induced polyploidy and senescence and restored survivin expression and its nuclear localization to normal levels. Although a synergism was not observed, BMS‐777607 plus AZD8055 increased cancer cell sensitivity toward different cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. In conclusion, BMS‐777607‐induced chemoresistance is associated with cell polyploidy and senescence. Inhibition of mTOR signaling by AZD8055 prevents BMS‐777607‐induced polyploidy/senescence and increases breast cancer cell chemosensitivity.
Psychische Schutzfaktoren bei Kindern
Authors: Geene Raimund
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

In den Kindheitswissenschaften ist eine Ausrichtung auf Schutzfaktoren/Ressourcen breit konsentiert. Etablierte psychologische Ressourcenkonzepte sind jedoch weitgehend personalisiert und mithin für Kinder nur eingeschränkt anwendbar. Umfassende Konzepte wie der Capability Approach ergänzen sich mit dem Setting-Ansatz in Kitas und Schulen. Der Kommune kann dabei die Rolle eines Dach-Settings zukommen, insbesondere Übergängen/Präventionsketten. Familien bedürfen einer anderen Interventionslogik nach Maßgabe der Kernstrategien der Ottawa-Charta, wie es im neuen Handlungsfeld der Frühen Hilfen entwickelt wird.
Psychische Gesundheit: Definition und Relevanz
Authors: Schlipfenbacher Carina , Jacobi Frank
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Ausgehend von der Definition der Weltgesundheitsorganisation wird eine Konkretisierung der Begriffe psychische Gesundheit und psychische Erkrankung anhand des allgemeinen Krankheitsmodells von Schulte (1998) bereitgestellt. Der Artikel beschäftigt sich anschließend näher mit den aktuellen Veränderungen in der Häufigkeit psychischer Erkrankungen und die damit verbundene Krankheitslast, die deutliche Public-Health-Relevanz besitzt. Die Besonderheiten psychischer Erkrankungen werden herausgestrichen, und es wird die wechselseitig Beeinflussung körperlicher und psychischer Erkrankungen behandelt. Es gibt gute Argumente dafür, seelischem Leid auf verschiedensten strukturellen, gesellschaftlichen bis hin zu ethischen Ebenen mehr Gewicht einzuräumen.
Prävention psychischer Erkrankungen – Ziele für ein Nationales Aktionsprogramm
Authors: Richter Rainer
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Psychische Erkrankungen gehören zu den Volkskrankheiten des 21. Jahrhunderts. Die Bundespsychotherapeutenkammer hält deshalb ein Aktionsprogramm,,Psychische Gesundheit“ für notwendig, um wirksame Präventionsansätze ressortübergreifend zusammenzuführen und damit zu stärken. Durch frühzeitige und niedrigschwellige Maßnahmen können psychische Erkrankungen vermieden, die Versorgungssysteme entlastet und Wartezeiten auf eine leitliniengerechte Behandlung deutlich reduziert werden.
Suizidprävention im Alter
Authors: Lindner Reinhard , Schneider Barbara
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Ältere haben die höchste Suizidrate und nehmen zugleich Hilfsmöglichkeiten selten an. Suizidprävention im Alter versucht zum einen, akut Suizidgefährdete direkt durch Depressions- und Suizidalitätscreenings, jedoch auch Krisenintervention, Psychotherapie und psychiatrische Behandlungen zu erreichen. Zudem werden Gruppen mit Suizidrisiko angesprochen, besonders durch „Gatekeeper“-Training. Gesamtgesellschaftliche Interventionen zielen vor allem auf das Alters- und das Altenbild in der Gesellschaft.
Psychosoziale Onkologie
Authors: Schulz-Kindermann Frank , Bergelt Corinna
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Psychoonkologie ist eine eigenständige Fachdisziplin, die psychosoziale Aspekte bei der Entstehung, Behandlung und im Verlauf von Krebserkrankungen wissenschaftlich untersucht und auf die Umsetzung dieser Befunde in der Versorgung abzielt. Psychoonkologische Interventionen als integraler Bestandteil patientenzentrierter Versorgung richten sich an Patienten und Angehörige und erfolgen interdisziplinär in allen Versorgungssektoren (Akutbehandlung, Rehabilitation, Nachsorge) und Krankheitsstadien.
Strukturen und Prozesse für eine effektive vernetzte Versorgung in der Psychiatrie: ein Forschungsprojekt
Authors: Stegbauer Constance , Kleine-Budde Katja , Bestmann Beate , Szecsenyi Joachim , Bramesfeld Anke
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Psychische Erkrankungen erfordern eine umfangreiche Versorgung, die sich an die im Laufe der Erkrankung verändernden Bedürfnisse der Erkrankten anpasst und den Menschen Kontinuität bietet. Modelle der vernetzten Versorgung versuchen, psychisch kranken Menschen eine koordinierte und kontinuierliche Versorgung anzubieten. Ziel des Projekts „Vernetzte Versorgung 13+1“ ist das Identifizieren von Strukturen und Prozessen, die mit guten Patientenergebnissen in der vernetzten Versorgung assoziiert sind.
Psychotherapeutenausbildung auf dem Prüfstand – demnächst Medizinalisierung pur?
Authors: Zurhorst Günter
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der aktuellen Debatte um die Novellierung des Psychotherapeutengesetzes und der damit verbundenen Richtungsentscheidung, ob die Psychotherapieausbildung sich ganz und gar dem biomedizinischen Paradigma anpasst oder dem biopsychosozialen Paradigma (Public Health) den Vorzug gibt.
Patients With Low Back Pain Demonstrate Increased Activity of the Posterior Oblique Sling Muscle During Prone Hip Extension
Authors: Kim Ji‐Won , Kang Min‐Hyeok , Oh Jae‐Seop
Published: January 2014

Objectives

To examine activation patterns of the myofascial chain in women experiencing chronic low back pain (CLBP) and women without CLBP during a prone hip extension (PHE) test.

Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

Clinical research laboratory.

Participants

Fifteen women experiencing CLBP and 15 women without CLBP.

Methods

Surface electromyographic recordings from the posterior oblique sling during PHE.

Main Outcome Measurements

Two‐sample t‐tests were used to compare demographic information and electromyographic signal amplitude of the posterior oblique sling between groups.

Results

Women with CLBP exhibited significantly increased normalized electromyographic signal amplitudes in the contralateral latissimus dorsi (P = .01), contralateral elector spinae (P < .01), ipsilateral elector spinae (P < .01), ipsilateral gluteus maximus (P = .03), and ipsilateral biceps femoris (P = .02) compared with women without CLBP.

Conclusions

Women with CLBP had greater activity in the posterior oblique sling muscles than did women without CLBP during PHE. These findings suggest that an alteration can be made in posterior oblique sling muscle activities during PHE in women with CLBP.
Sonographic Measurements of the Ulnar Nerve at the Elbow With Different Degrees of Elbow Flexion
Authors: Patel Prutha , Norbury John W. , Fang Xiangming
Published: January 2014

Objective

To determine whether there were differences in the cross‐sectional area (CSA) and the flattening ratio of the normative ulnar nerve as it passes between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon at 30° of elbow flexion versus 90° of elbow flexion.

Design

Bilateral upper extremities of normal healthy adult volunteers were evaluated with ultrasound. The CSA and the flattening ratio of the ulnar nerve at the elbow as it passes between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon were measured, with the elbow flexed at 30° and at 90°, by 2 operators with varying ultrasound scanning experience by using ellipse and direct tracing methods. The results from the 2 different angles of elbow flexion were compared for each individual operator. Finally, intraclass correlations for absolute agreement and consistency between the 2 raters were calculated.

Setting

An outpatient clinic room at a regional rehabilitation center.

Participants

Twenty‐five normal healthy adult volunteers.

Main Outcome Measurement

The mean CSA and the mean flattening ratio of the ulnar nerve at 30° of elbow flexion and at 90° of elbow flexion.

Results

First, for the ellipse method, the mean CSA of the ulnar nerve at 90° (9.93 mm2) was slightly larger than at 30° (9.77 mm2) for rater 1. However, for rater 2, the mean CSA of the ulnar nerve at 90° (6.80 mm2) was slightly smaller than at 30° (7.08 mm2). This was found to be statistically insignificant when using a matched pairs t test and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, with a significance level of .05. Similarly, the difference between the right side and the left side was not statistically significant. The intraclass correlations for absolute agreement between the 2 raters were not very high due to different measurement locations, but the intraclass correlations for consistency were high. Second, for the direct tracing method, the mean CSA at 90° (7.26 mm2) was slightly lower than at 30° (7.48 mm2). This was found to be statistically nonsignificant when using the matched pairs t test and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test with a significance level of .05. There was no significant difference in the average flattening ratio between the 2 angles for the left arm (0.54 at 30° vs 0.56 at 90°; P = .619 for the matched pairs t test and .274 for the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test). However, for the right arm, the flattening ratio at 90° was significantly higher than that at 30° (0.58 at 90° vs 0.50 at 30°; P = .007 for both the matched pairs t test and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test).

Conclusions

The mean CSA of the ulnar nerve at the elbow at 30° was not significantly different than at 90°. However, the average flattening ratio at 90° was found to be significantly higher than at 30° for the right arm.
Hydration in Female Drivers in a 1044 km Dog Sled Race in Finnmark
Authors: Weydahl Andi , Calogiuri Giovanna
Published: January 2014

Objective

Drinking strategies during long dog sled competitions are important to avoid dehydration. Most of the studies involving dog sled racers (mushers) refer to male subjects. The purpose of this study was to study female mushers participating in a dog sled race of 1044 km, with a focus on hydration and drinking behavior.

Methods

Two female mushers (aged 50 and 23 years), of the 6 who signed up for participation in the dog sled 1044 km race, volunteered for the study. Before the race, maximum oxygen uptake and maximum heart rate (HR) were determined. Body compositions was measured before and shortly after the race. Heart rate was continuously measured by a HR monitor in the first 2 legs of the race, and urine samples were collected during the race. Urine osmolality and urine specific gravity were determined using freezing point depression and handheld refractometer. Values of urine osmolality greater than 900 mOsm·L−1 and specific gravity greater than 1.030 were used as signs of dehydration.

Results

The older musher had a mean HR of 65%, and the younger musher had a mean HR of 57% of the predicted maximum HR. The mushers reached a peak HR of 91% of their predicted maximum; they worked at an average HR of 55% (average of all legs). The younger woman had urine osmolality values above the dehydration limits in most of the samples. Only small changes in the before and after race anthropometric measurements were found.

Conclusions

Dog sled racing is a strenuous activity and drinking strategies are important to avoid dehydration. It seems that the drinking strategy of our subjects was adequate to supplement the hydration loss; yet, emotional arousals occurring during the race may affect drinking behavior. The attentive assistance of the mushers’ handlers is therefore important.
The Dutch Healthy Diet index as assessed by 24 h recalls and FFQ: associations with biomarkers from a cross-sectional study
Authors: van Lee Linde , Feskens Edith J. M. , Hooft van Huysduynen Eveline J. C. , de Vries Jeanne H. M. , van 't Veer Pieter , Geelen Anouk
Published: January 2014

The Dutch Healthy Diet index (DHD-index) was developed using data from two 24 h recalls (24hR) and appeared useful to evaluate diet quality in Dutch adults. As many epidemiologic studies use FFQ, we now estimated the DHD-index score using FFQ data. We compared whether this score showed similar associations with participants' characteristics, micronutrient intakes, and biomarkers of intake and metabolism compared with the DHD-index using 24hR data. Data of 121 Dutch participants of the European Food Consumption Validation study were used. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24hR and a 180-item FFQ. Biomarkers measured were serum total cholesterol and carotenoids, EPA + DHA in plasma phospholipids and 24 h urinary Na. A correlation of 0·48 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·61) was observed between the DHD-index score based on 24hR data and on FFQ data. Classification of participants into the same tertiles of the DHD-index was achieved for 57 %. Women showed higher DHD-index scores. Energy intake was inversely associated with both DHD-index scores. Furthermore, age and intakes of folate, Fe, Mg, K, vitamin B6and vitamin C were positively associated with both DHD-index scores. DHD-index scores showed acceptable correlations with the four combined biomarkers taking energy intake into account (r24hR0.55;rFFQ0.51). In conclusion, the DHD-index score based on FFQ data shows similar associations with participants' characteristics, energy intake, micronutrient intake and biomarkers compared with the score based on 24hR data. Furthermore, ranking of participants was acceptable for both methods. FFQ data may therefore be used to assess diet quality using the DHD-index in Dutch populations.
Dietary patterns of Pakistani adults and their associations with sociodemographic, anthropometric and life-style factors
Authors: Safdar Nilofer F. , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth , Cordeiro Lorraine , Jafar Tazeen H. , Cohen Nancy L.
Published: January 2014

Dietary pattern analysis is an epidemiological method designed to consider the complexity of food preferences and diet patterns of populations. Few studies from South Asia have used this methodology to describe population food intake. Our objective was to identify dietary patterns and understand their associations with sociodemographic, anthropometric and life-style factors among low-income Pakistani urban adults. Dietary information was collected by a thirty-three-item FFQ and dietary patterns were derived by principal component analyses in 5491 subjects enrolled in the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation (COBRA) study. Three dietary patterns were identified: a fat and sweet pattern characterised by fried snacks/foods, desserts, organ meats, bakery products, Pakistani bread and food purchased from outside the home; a fruit and vegetable pattern including fruits, juices, raw and cooked vegetables, lean meat and low-fat milk; and a seafood and yogurt pattern identified by prawns, fish, potatoes and yogurt. The fat and sweet pattern scores were low among older subjects, those with high BMI and waist circumference but high among females and physically active participants. The fruit and vegetable pattern was associated with younger age, high BMI, education and non-tobacco use. The seafood and yogurt pattern was associated with high BMI, increased physical activity and non-tobacco use. In conclusion, distinct dietary patterns exist for the Pakistani population that may be related to some of the population characteristics and thus may have importance in suggesting dietary and life-style interventions in the prevention of chronic diseases.
Les facteurs favorisant ou contraignant l’engagement bénévole dans les organismes communautaires en soutien à domicile auprès des aînés
Authors: Castonguay Julie , Vézina Aline , Sévigny Andrée
Published: January 2014

The reality of volunteering in nonprofit organizations who offer services to seniors at home was observed from the viewpoint of two types of actors: volunteers and coordinators. Our results suggest that there are three decisive stages in volunteering: recruitment, realization of volunteer activity, and pursuit of this commitment. For each of them, some factors are more influential than others. Their presence or absence makes possible or not the initiation of this commitment and its pursuit. In this context, a constant negotiation takes place between the actors. Each of them has to adapt himself to others. Nevertheless, this adaptation is limited. So, stability between the position of the organization and that of the volunteer is necessary.