bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Characteristics of Li/S Secondary Battery with (PEO)6LiBF4-Al2O3 Composite Polymer Electrolyte Prepared by Ball Milling
Authors: Jeong Sang Sik , Lim Young Taek , Jung Byung Su , Kim Ki Won
Published: March 2009

The ionic conductivity and electrode-electrolyte interfacial stability have been measured for composite polymer electrolyte using nano-size alumina (Al2O3) with poly-ethylene oxide (PEO) polymer, and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4). The ionic conductivity of ball-milled PEO electrolyte was increased by Al2O3-filler-addition (BCPE) about 10 times greater than that without Al2O3 (BPE)
over a range of 30°C to 80°C. The stability of resistance between electrode and electrolyte was significantly improved by the addition of Al2O3 filler during storage time. Cyclic performance of Li/BCPE/Li cell was superior to that of Li/BPE/Li cell.
Discharge-Charge Property of Lithium/PEO/Sulfur Battery with High Sulfur Content
Authors: Ryu Ho Suk , Park Cheol Wan , Shin Won-Cheol , Kim Tae-Bum , Lee Jai Young , Ahn Hyo Jun
Published: March 2009

The sulfur electrodes were prepared from sulfur, carbon, and PEO as a
binder. Poly(ethylene-oxide) with LiCF3SO3 was used as a solid polymer electrolyte for Li/S cell. Sulfur content of the sulfur electrode was 70wt%, and the carbon content was varied from 10wt% to 25wt%. The weight ratio of PEO and LiCF3SO3 in the polymer electrolyte was 9:1. The lithium/PEO/sulfur cell showed two plateau potential regions (2.4V, 2.1V) and high discharge capacity, i.e., 1068mAh/g(63.7% utilization of sulfur). The discharge capacity decreased drastically during charge-discharge cycling. The capacity fade depended on the composition of sulfur electrode regardless of similar initial discharge capacity. The sulfur electrode with high carbon content retained high capacity after repeated cycling. The optimum composition of 70wt% sulfur electrode
was composed of 20wt% carbon and 10% PEO.
Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of N-Type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Compounds by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Cho Dong Choul , Lim Cheol Ho , Kim Ki Tae , Shin Seung Y. , Lee D.M. , Lee Young Sup , Lee C.H.
Published: March 2009

Thermoelectric properties of the spark plasma sintered n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 compounds were characterized with the sintering temperature, time and hydrogen reduction process. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity were dependent on hydrogen reduction process as well as sintering temperature. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity decreased
and thermal conductivity increased with reduction treatment and sintering temperature. The results suggest that the carrier density varies with the dissolved oxygen and Te vacancies generated during the pulverization process. The highest figure of merit of 3.11×10-3/K was obtained for the compounds spark plasma sintered at 460°C for 16min by using the reduced powders.
Photocatalytic Performance of Plasma Sprayed TiO2-ZnFe2O4 Coatings
Authors: Liu Jun Tao , Zeng Yi , Zhao Xiao Bing , Ding Chuan Xian
Published: March 2009

A novel TiO2−ZnFe2O4 coating was prepared by plasma spraying. The effects of spraying parameters and the composition of powders on the microstructure and surface morphology of plasma sprayed coatings are studied. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-sprayed coatings was evaluated through the photo mineralization of methylene blue. It was found that TiO2 coatings can
decompose methylene blue under the illumination of ultraviolet rays, and the degrading efficiency is improved with an increase in the content of FeTiO3 in the coatings. However, the presence of a large amount of ZnFe2O4 compound will substantially lower the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2−ZnFe2O4 coatings for the unfavorable photo-excited electron-hole transfer process.
Development of New Stress Measurement Method Using Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Minakawa Nobuaki , Moriai Atsushi , Hataya Mitsuhiko , Morii Yukio
Published: March 2009

In this study, we proposed the high-versatility stress measurement method using neutron diffraction which can determine the residual stress states by measuring the lattice strains in two or three orthogonal directions even if the measured diffraction families were different in all three directions. In addition, we also proposed the stress measurement method without using the stress-free lattice spacing d0 which was measured using the powder sample or annealed sample. To verify this method, the residual stress distributions in a shrink-fit ring and plug specimen of aluminum alloy
A7075 with texture were measured. The profile of the measured stress distributions almost agreed with the simulated stress distributions in the assumption of the plane stress condition. Our method which can determine the tri-axial stress states using observed lattice strains in two orthogonal directions was secondly applied to evaluate the stress states of A7075, high tensile strength steel HT1000, and Ni-base alloy NCF600 loaded in-situ. Measured stresses almost agreed with theoretical
value with 10 MPa to 60 MPa error. On the other hand, the residual stress states of NCF600 were measured under the uni-axial loading condition by the stress measurement method without using the measured d0. Estimated lattice constant a was almost agreed with the lattice constant of its annealed sample, and changes in stress states evaluated using the proposed method coincided with the theoretical value.
FaME38 - Improving the Effectiveness of Strain Measurements
Authors: Steuwer Axel , Hughes D.J. , Chen Zhe Fei , Malard B. , Ratel N. , Turski M. , Webster P.J.
Published: March 2009

FaME38 is a new facility at the ILL/ESRF in Grenoble with the aim of improving the
accessibility and effectiveness of neutron and synchrotron strain measurements. In addition to providing basic materials engineering facilities, it enables users from both commercial and academic backgrounds to prepare and to evaluate experiments on-site. The real success and impact of a strain scanning experiment depends on the quality of the collected data and its practical use. FaME38 provides a knowledge base and tools which can increase the efficiency of the measurement. These tools include a VAMAS standard sample base-plate, a materials support laboratory and enhanced visualisation software. The VAMAS base-plate allows pre-configuration of the sample position and set-up, as well as so-called “hot-swapping” of samples with minimum time required for re-configuration of the instrument. The visualisation tools feature web-based simulation and, in particular, 3D visualisation of both the experimental environment as well as the data. The use of the support facility can significantly reduce the set-up time, thus increasing the time available for measurement. The visualisation naturally enhances the understanding of the data and ties in with existing engineering code such as CAD/FEA software. We demonstrate how the use of additional technology can improve the effectiveness and impact of strain mapping experiments at neutron and synchrotron facilities by disseminating the workflow of a typical experiment undertaken in the FaME38 framework. This approach is aimed at paving the way toward technology-oriented
application of synchrotron and neutron strain scanning.
Effect of Very High Stress Levels on the Fatigue Life of a TiAl Based Alloy
Authors: Pilé C. , Retraint Delphine , François Manuel , Lu Jian
Published: March 2009

The aim of this work is to use ultrasonic shot peening, a mechanical surface treatment derived from conventional shot peening, in order to increase the fatigue life of TiAl alloys. The goal of this treatment is to generate compressive superficial residual stresses which are aimed to enhance fatigue crack initiation and growth resistance. For this purpose, different ultrasonic shot peening tests have been carried out on Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb samples in order to optimise treatment conditions. The first results reveal that it is possible to generate very high stress levels (»1000 MPa) beneath the surface, far much higher than the tensile yield stress of the material which is in the range 350-600 MPa. Such a phenomenon was also observed in ultrasonic shot peened iron or stainless steel and seems to be associated to the creation of a new homogeneous and nanometric structure below the surface of the alloy [1, 2]. In the light of these encouraging results, the shot peening treatment was optimised in terms of residual stresses profile and surface quality. The influence of different parameters of shot peening like the treatment time, the shot diameter as well as the specimen-sonotrode distance were studied. S-N curves were realised on polished specimens as well as on shot peened samples in order to study the effect of the treatment on the fatigue life of this intermetallic alloy.
An Advanced Residual Stress Determination for 3D Cylinder Structure
Authors: Luo Jian , Montay Guillaume , Lu Jian
Published: March 2009

For measuring in-depth residual stress in 3D cylinder structure easily in this paper,
the semi-destructive incremental hole drilling technique combined with finite element method is used, the calibration coefficients of 3D cylinder components are calculated, and the relationship between strain and stress is determined, the changes of calibration coefficients are analysed, the residual stress of one steering joint of automobile is measured, and the errors of residual stress are discussed.
Residual Stress Analysis in Both As-Deposited and Annealed CrN Coatings
Authors: Peng Ru Lin , Wang Yan Dong , Odén Magnus , Almer Jonathan
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we report on residual stress analysis in physical vapour deposited (PVD) CrN coatings. Two 9 µm thick coatings were grown on tool steel substrates with bias voltages of - 50 V and -300 V, respectively. High-energy (E=80 keV) synchrotron radiation measurements have been performed to investigate residual stresses in both as-deposited and annealed CrN coatings. To
understand the origins of non-linear distribution of lattice strain versus sin2ψ for certain (hkl) planes in both coatings, a stress orientation distribution function (SODF) analysis has been carried out, which yields grain-orientation-dependent residual stresses. The results are compared to previous analyses using Reuss and Vook-Witt models on the as-deposited coatings.
X-Ray Measurements of Residual Stress Distribution in TiN Thin Films with Fiber Texture
Authors: Tanaka Keisuke , Akiniwa Yoshiaki , Kawai Masanori , Ito Toshimasa
Published: March 2009

The TiN films with the thickness of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 4.0 µm were coated on a steel substrate by the ion beam mixing method. The film had a strong fiber texture with <001> axis perpendicular to the film surface. The in-plane stress measurement was applicable to the thickness down to 0.1 µm of TiN films. The stress was a compression of around 2 GPa. The compressive stress was found to increase below the surface layer of 20 to 30 nm. Thinner films had a steeper increase of the compressive stress in the very-near surface region. The strain distribution measured
by the SV method was nearly constant over the region of the penetration depth between 0.3 and 0.6 µm from the surface. The two-tilt method combined with the surface removal method showed a nearly constant distribution of compression in the subsurface region and a sharp increase near the interface to the substrate.
XRD Stress Analysis in a TiAl Based Intermetallic Multicrystal
Authors: Seiler Wilfrid , Hoël G. , Thomas Marc , Ji Vincent
Published: March 2009

Under specific manufacturing processes and heat treatments, the gamma titanium Aluminide Ti- 47Al-2Cr-2Nb presents a nearly lamellar microstructure with coarse lamellar grains (with alternating g and a2 lamellae) and dispersed small g grains. The obtained microstructure gives a relatively coarse grain size (approximately 0.4 mm x 3 mm). Residual stresses can then be generated between g and a2 lamellae inside the lamellar grain and also between different grains because of the lattice mismatch between tetragonal structure of g phase and hexagonal structure of a2 phase. A specific single crystalline XRD method is applied on these two non-cubic phases to determine the local residual stresses in two grains on each side of a grain boundary.
Numerical Simulation of Thermal Stress in Castings Using FDM/FEM Integrated Method
Authors: Xue Xiang , Tian Jing , Xiu Guoming
Published: March 2009

A numerical simulation system, which integrated FDM (Finite Difference Method) and FEM (Finite Element Method) and coupled temperature field and stress field, was established. This system was then validated by simulation of a stress frame casting. The calculated results are satisfactory and in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. As a practical application, a wave-guide casting was simulated. The stress evolution during casting solidification, residual stress and deformation are predicted.
Plane Strain Compression of Single Crystalline Ni3Al-Base Intermetallic Compounds
Authors: Song S.H. , Kishida Kyosuke , Demura Masahiko , Oh Myung Hoon , Wee Dang Moon , Hirano Toshiyuki
Published: March 2009

Anisotropic deformation behavior of single crystalline Ni3Al-base intermetallic compounds, including Ni3Al single-phase and Ni/Ni3Al two-phase alloys, was systematically studied by the plane strain compression tests. Plastic flow behavior of single phase Ni3Al is strongly dependent on the initial crystal orientation and the flow stress becomes higher with increasing the numbers of the operative slip planes. In the case of the Ni/Ni3Al two phase alloys, the flow behavior is found to be divided into two stages. Such flow behavior is considered to be closely related to the difference in the deformation behavior between Ni solid solution and Ni3Al precipitates.
Titanium Powder Processing with Binder Addition for Biomedical Applications
Authors: de Oliveira Marize Varella , Pereira L.C , Cairo Carlos Alberto Alves
Published: March 2009

Porous structures are applied as coatings in order to improve surgical implants bone fixation by allowing the mechanical interlocking of the pores and bone. Sintered titanium porous coatings have been used for surgical implants because they have a strong attachment of the coating to the substrate. This works reports the processing and characterization of titanium porous coatings and foam samples, for surgical implants applications. Pure titanium powders mixed with urea as a binder was used for the porous coatings and foam samples. A rod shape of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy P/M sample was used as substrate. Coatings surfaces were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and the porosity characterization was made by quantitative metallografic analysis. It was found that coating porosity can be controlled by adjusting the binder percent addition and powder sizes. Sintered samples exhibited a microstructure with micropores and inteconnected macropores which is suitable to be used in surgical implants.
EDS Assisted Phase Differentiation in Orientation Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Wright Stuart I. , Nowell Matthew M.
Published: March 2009

Automated Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) or Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) has proven to be a viable technique for investigating microtexture in polycrystalline materials. It is particularly useful for investigating orientation relationships between phases in multiphase materials. However, when phases do not significantly vary in crystallographic structure, OIM is limited in its capability to reliably differentiate between phases. Through simultaneous collection of EBSD data and chemical data via X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) it is possible to dramatically improve upon the phase differentiation capabilities of either technique individually. This presentation will introduce a methodology for combining the two techniques as well as show a few example applications.
Ferromagnetic Shape-Memory Alloys
Authors: Planes Antoni , Mañosa Lluís
Published: March 2009

The magnetic shape-memory effect is a consequence of the coupling between magnetism and structure in ferromagnetic alloys undergoing a martensitic transformation. In these materials large reversible strains can be magnetically induced by the rearrangement of the martensitic twin-variant structure. Several Heusler and intermetallic alloys have been studied in connec-
tion with this property. In this paper we will focus on the Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloy which is considered to be the prototypical magnetic shape-memory alloy. After a brief summary of the general properties of this class of materials, we will present recent results of relevance for the understanding of the effect of magnetism on the martensitic transformation. Finally, we will discuss the requirements for the occurrence of the magnetic shape-memory effect.
Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil over Ag-Ni/Diatomite Catalysts. Effect of Silver Content on the Cis/Trans Isomerization Selectivity
Authors: Stanković M. , Banković P. , Marković B. , Vuković Z. , Jovanović D.
Published: March 2009

Silver promoted nickel catalysts supported on diatomite were prepared by precipitation method. Characterization of the catalysts prepared with different silver contents (0.1-4.0 wt%) included AAS, XRD, Hg porosimetry, BET and H2 chemisorption measurements. The catalytic activity and selectivity were tested by soybean oil (SBO) hydrogenation under pressure of hydrogen of 0.16 MPa at 160 °C. Fatty acids (FA) contained in hydrogenated SBO were analysed by gas chromatography. Trans fatty acid (TFA) content in hydrogenated SBO varied considerably depending of the silver content in prepared catalysts.
Gamma Radiation Effects on Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Sekulić D.R. , Djordjević I.M. , Gordić M.V. , Burzić Zijah , Stevanović M.M.
Published: March 2009

Unidirectional and angle-ply carbon/epoxy laminates were gamma irradiated up to doses
of 12 and 20 MGy. Composites with two different, low and high temperature epoxy matrices have
been submitted to irradiation and subsequent mechanical testing. The radiation effects were studied
by measuring in-plane, interalminar shear and transverse tensile strength, as well as interlaminar
strain energy release rate of tested composites. The immersion of composite plate in water at 80 oC
and mechanical measurements at elevated temperatures emphasized irradiation effects on
mechanical properties.
Microstructural Evolution in AA7449 Plate Subject to Friction Stir Welding and Post Weld Heat Treatment
Authors: Sullivan A. , Kamp Nicolas , Robson Joseph D.
Published: March 2009

The effect of friction stir welding (FSW) and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the second phase particle distribution and cross weld hardness profile in AA7449 plate has been investigated. The alloy was received in an underaged condition, welded, then PWHT to give an overaged condition (in the parent material) . The effect of this complex treatment on the precipitate distribution in the weld and parent plate has been investigated over a range of length scales using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), TEM and FEGSEM. It is shown that the PWHT does not improve the hardness in the heat affected zone (HAZ), which is the location of the strength minimum after welding, but it does reduce the difference between the hardness in the HAZ and the nugget and parent hardness. The reduction in nugget strength after PWHT is particularly marked and is due to replacement of fine GP zones formed on post weld natural ageing by coarse overaged precipitates.
The Effect of Boundary Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Nes Erik , Holmedal Bjørn , Forbord Børge
Published: March 2009

The microstructure in heavily deformed metals can be characterized as a complex “mixture” of low and high angle boundaries. By careful annealing of such cold deformed conditions, ultra-fine grained materials can be obtained. This phenomenon has been known for long and utilised in the production of special aluminium sheet qualities, and has received new interest with the emergence of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) technique. This work reviews the mechanical properties resulting from plastic deformation and annealing of aluminium, looking at alloys which prior to annealing was subjected to both severe plastic deformation (ECAP) and more conventional deformation by cold rolling. The effect of the resulting microstructures on the subsequent work hardening properties are model, applying the new microstructural metal plasticity model (MMP-model) developed in Trondheim over the last decade.
Effect of Residual Stresses on Mechanical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel Studied by Diffraction and Self-Consistent Modelling
Authors: Dakhlaoui Rim , Braham Chedly , Baczmanski Andrzej , Wroński Sebastian , Wierzbanowski Krzysztof , Oliver E.C.
Published: March 2009

The aim of this work is to study the influence of residual stresses on the properties of
textured duplex stainless steel (DSS). The properties of both phases in DSS were studied using Xray
diffraction whilst external load was applied “in situ” to the sample. The interpretation of
experimental data is based on the diffraction elastic constants calculated by the self-consistent
model taking into account the anisotropy of the studied material. Carrying out measurements in
both compression and tension by using neutron diffraction, important differences in the evolution of
lattice strains were noticed. An elastoplastic model is used to predict the evolution of the internal
stresses during loading and to identify critical resolved shear stresses and strain hardening
parameters of the material. The influence of the initial residual stresses on the yield stresses of the
phases is considered. The difference between tensile and compressive behaviour of the steel is
explained when the initial stresses (measured in the as received non-loaded sample by diffraction
methods) are taken into account in model calculations. The yield stresses in each phase of the
studied steel have been experimentally determined and successfully compared with the results of
the elastoplastic self-consistent model.
Influence of Heat Treatment and Grinding Conditions on Surface Residual Stresses in the Production of Rollers
Authors: Güley Volkan , Erman Tekkaya A. , Savaş Turhan , Özhan Feridun
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study is to investigate surface residual stresses after heat treatment and
grinding processes in the production of rollers. The residual stresses were measured using the X-ray
diffraction method utilizing chromium radiation, which has an average penetration depth of 5 μm
incident on AISI-E52100 (100Cr6) ball bearing steel. Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) is
applied to define the set of experiments for grinding, which facilitates evaluation of the individual
influences of process parameters on residual stresses and also eliminates unnecessary experiments.
Response of residual stresses to each parameter is evaluated with the help of the results of residual
stress measurements by X-ray diffraction. In grinding with aluminum oxide wheels, it was
concluded that the lower the cutting speed and the higher the workpiece speed the higher the
magnitude of surface compressive residual stresses. Higher compressive stresses were measured in
axial direction compared to the circumferential direction after the grinding process.
The Residual Stresses Generated by Deep Rolling and their Stability in Fatigue & Application to Deep-Rolled Crankshafts
Authors: Michaud H. , Sprauel Jean Michel , Galzy F.
Published: March 2009

In this work, the effect of steel grade on the fatigue resistance of deep-rolled
crankshafts is analysed. In the first part of this paper, the mechanisms leading to the increase
of the fatigue resistance brought by the deep rolling treatment, is presented. This reinforcement
is mainly linked to crack arrest due both to a decrease of the in-depth stress concentration
factor and to remaining compressive residual stresses induced by the deep rolling. In a second
part, an analytical model of residual stresses generation by deep-rolling and fatigue is
presented. In this model the low cyclic fatigue behaviour of the steel is taken into account, and
the residual stress stability with bending fatigue cycling can be predicted. After a presentation
of the experimental validation on two different microstructures (baintic and ferrito- perlitic),
this model is used for analysing the main parameters of the deep-rolling process and fatigue
resistance.
The Fracture Microphology of the Ceramics by Strong Laser Shock Processing
Authors: Zhang Ling Feng , Zhang Yong Kang , Feng Ai Xin
Published: March 2009

The laser shocking to the Al2O3 ceramics was proceeded, and the fracture microphology
that formed from the strong laser shock processing (LSP) was analyzed by the Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). It was discovered that the feature of ceramics responds differently when the
laser energy was changed. The brittle fracture that consists of intergranular fracture and cleavage
fracture was the main mode under high energy laser shocking (laser pulse enegry: 42J); the
macroscopical fracture characteristic was the radial crack. When the laser energy reduced to a fit
level (25J), the brittle fracture of ceramics appears to the characteristic of plastic deformation, its
fracture microphology appears lots of slippage lines, and the macroscopical feature of radial crack
under 42J become subulate crack. While the energy reduced to 15J, the Al2O3 ceramics did not
fracture, its micro-hardness ascended, a feature of micro-plastic deformation was existed under the
low energy. The reason of the brittle materials appears to the feature of plastic deformation was
analyzed.
Research on Thermal Spray Al-Al2O3/TiO2 Coating and Diffusion Treatment on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Ye Hong , Yan Zhong Lin , Sun Zhi Fu , Wang Ying
Published: March 2009

Flame spray method was used to prepare the Al-Al2O3/TiO2 gradient coating on AZ91D
magnesium alloy surface, where diffusion treatment for 2 hours at 380～420 °C was needed to
reinforce the binding strength between the coating and the substrate. Appearance and compositions
of the coating were analyzed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and electron probe
microanalysis (EPMA), and the thermal shock resistance and wear resistance of the coating were
tested. The result shows: Al-Mg diffusion is produced between the coating and the substrate, for
good metallurgy; coating acquires high hardness and resistant to wear and thermal shock.
Study on Scanner for Large-Diameter Tubular Joint Welds Based on Ultrasonic Phased Array
Authors: Deng Zong Quan , Hao Guang Ping , Tang De Wei , Shan Bao Hua
Published: March 2009

For the complexity of weld, the automatic inspecting for the tubular joints which are in
working is difficult. Therefore the scanner which has three degrees of freedom for inspecting of
large-diameter tubular joints was studied and manufactured based on the scanning principle of
ultrasonic phased array. The following of probe to weld is realized by the simultaneous motion of
two degrees of freedom and the pose between probe and weld is adjusted by the other degree of
freedom. The control strategy of the scanner was provided. Experiments were made with scanner on
reference blocks, the results indicate that the automatic ultrasonic phased array inspection is more
excellent than the conventional ultrasonic inspection in reliability and repetition.
Effect of TiN and Al2O3 on the Low Temperature Degradation of 3Y-TZP
Authors: Sun Jing , Huang Chuan Zhen , Wang Jun , Liu Han Lian , Liu Bing Qiang
Published: March 2009

The composite materials, 3Y-TZP added with TiN or/and Al2O3 particles, were fabricated
by hot-pressing techniques. The effect of TiN and Al2O3 on the low temperature degradation of
3Y-TZP was investigated. It is shown that both TiN and Al2O3 can inhibit t-m transformation of
3Y-TZP and prevent the transformation from propagating into the specimen interiors when aged at a
low temperature. The inhibition to the low temperature degradation of 3Y-TZP by Al2O3 is more
sensitive to the aged temperature than by TiN. Compared with Al2O3, TiN is more available to
inhibit t-m transformation on aged surfaces. The degradation resistance of 3Y-TZP codoped by TiN
and Al2O3 is stronger than that of 3Y-TZP dispersed only by TiN or Al2O3.
Development of 3D Parameterized Design System for Turbine Compressor Impellers
Authors: Gao Hang , Yu Jia Peng , Liu Xue Shu
Published: March 2009

Aiming at the characteristics of turbine compressor’s impellers, such as complexity in surface, assembled structure and variety in parameter, the step-by-step design thought is put forward, which realizes the high efficiency and visualization of parameterized design through distributing design parameters evenly to several phases or interfaces. According to the demand of the enterprise, SolidWorks CAD Software was chosen as the three-dimensional CAD platform, SQL Server 7.0 was chosen as the database management system, and Visual C++ was chosen for the programming language of secondary developing. Then the parameterized design system for series turbine compressor impellers is developed, which realizes automatic creation of 3D models and 2D engineering drawings using template technique.
Characterization and Comparison of Rapidly Solidified Al Particles Mechanically Milled Nanostructures and their Consolidated Structures Made by High Energy Rate Forming (HERF) Technique
Authors: Csanády Ágnes , Ipacs László , Kakuk Gyula , Kálmán Erika , Nagy Péter M. , Papp Katalin , Sajó István E. , Szalay András
Published: March 2009

The aim of the present work is to produce new types of solid nanomaterials for different
purposes (coatings, fillers, foams, bulk pieces, etc.). Technologies such as RS Al flake
production, high energy mechanical milling and high energy rate forming technology (HERF)
for compacting are used. The products are analyzed mainly by XRD, SEM and TEM methods.
It was shown that the new-type of RS Al “flake” material is suitable not only for pigments but
also for powder metallurgical purposes, i.e. Al based nanocomposites.
By choosing suitable parameters for mechanical alloying with the Fritsch Planetary mill 4,
very fine, alloyed and composited nanostructures can be produced (Al-4.5w%Cu-
10w%Al2O3, Al-15w%Pb)
Dynamic compaction (HERF) using explosive techniques seems to offer a good way for the
compaction of Al (metal) matrix nanostructured composites.
A Study Regarding the Diminutive Effect of Emission of Indoor Air Pollutant (HCHO, TVOC) from After-Treatment Materials such as Ceramic and Catalyst
Authors: Na Su Yeun , Chung Min Hee , Sohn Jong Ryeul , Park Jin Chul
Published: March 2009

1) Upon comparing Ceramic products, which have been made into samples by the exactly
same construction method as prefabbed wall of apartment, with the existing products, it is revealed
that there would beno diminution effect on Pollutants like TVOC and HCHO. On the contrary, from
the Ceramic applied prefab-wall, some pollutants, which were not seen from normal wall-panel, had
been emitted additionally. 2) When we spreaded seven kinds of catalyst products on the surface of
samples of MDF furniture and tested, two of those applied samples showed stronger tendency
regarding the TVOC and HCHO emission than unapplied samples. Consequently, it is clarified that
there's no effect of eliminating the pollutants like TVOC and HCHO from the application of catalysts
as well as ceramic. In this regard, when we consider all the results collectively which were earned
from these analysises up to now, using indiscreet after-treatment materials in residential place should
be applied only after prudent examination.
Recovery of Nickel from Anode Materials of Spent Ni-MH Batteries and its Catalytic Property for CH4 Dry Reforming
Authors: Hayashi Risa , Matsuda Motohide , Miyake Michihiro
Published: March 2009

Recovery process of Ni from anode materials of spent Ni-MH batteries and application of
the resulting Ni to CH4 dry reforming catalyst were investigated, focusing on availability of Ni. NiO,
which formed a solid solution with CoO, was successfully prepared from the waste by a series of
chemical processes using aqueous solutions of HCl and NH3. The resulting NiO, which was reduced
to Ni0, exhibited excellent CH4 conversion in CH4 dry reforming. Fromresults, it was concluded that
the Ni recovered from anode materials of spent Ni-MH batteries was available for CH4 dry reforming
catalyst.
Structural and Electrochemical Properties of a Si/C/Cu Film Anode Electrode
Authors: Cho Gyu Bong , Song Min Gan , Sin Won Chul , Nam Tae Hyun , Kim Ki Won
Published: March 2009

Si film electrodes for Li micro-film batteries were fabricated on a Cu substrate and a Ci/Cu
film. In the structural properties, FE-SEM observation demonstrated difference in surface
morphologies of Si films with different under layers. Surface of the Si film deposited consists of
clusters and average size of the cluster was 165 nm for Si/Cu film and 80 nm for Si/C/Cu film. Si film
has amorphous phase in spite of different under layers; Cu substrate and C/Cu film. In the
electrochemical properties, the carbon-inserted film showed a good cycleability compared with Si/Cu
electrode. It is believed that the insertion of carbon film as a buffer film absorbed the stress generated
during charge-discharge process and improved cycle performance of Si anode electrode.
Study on the Electrical Properties of Direct-Patternable SBT Films Formed by Photochemical Metal-Organic Deposition
Authors: Park Hyeong Ho , Park Hyung Ho , Chang Ho Jung , Jeon Hyeong Tag
Published: March 2009

The ferroelectric properties of UV irradiated and non-irradiated SBT thin films using
photosensitive starting precursors were investigated. The observation of surface microstructure showed that
UV irradiation and increase in anneal temperature induced the grain growth of SBT. The measured remnant
polarization values of UV irradiated and non-irradiated SBT films after anneal at 700oC were 5.8 and 4.7
)C/cm2 and after anneal at 750oC, the values were 10.8 and 9.3 )C/cm2, respectively.
Preparation of TiO2/SiO2 Hybrid Hardcoatings on Stainless Steel and its Photocatalytic Effect
Authors: Park Jin Sook , Kim Dae Sung , Lim Hyung Mi , Kim Do Hyun , Jeong Jeong Hwan , Lee Seung Ho
Published: March 2009

TiO2/SiO2 hybrid film, having water resistance, for water purification photocatalyst was
successfully and firmly coated on stainless steel with one dip coating and heat curing method. By
controlling relative content of the TiO2 sol and the SiO2 based binder, these films were found to have
a significant influence on the hardness, water-resistance, and photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis of Titania Nanoparticles via Spark Discharge Method Using Air as a Carrier
Authors: Oh Hyun Cheol , Ji Jun Ho , Jung Jae Hee , Kim Sang Soo
Published: March 2009

A pulsed spark-discharge aerosol generator using air as a carrier gas was successfully
applied to the titania nanoparticle production. The titanium vapor evaporated by spark discharge was
subsequently supersaturated and condensed to titania nanoparticles by nucleation and condensation.
The size and concentration of the particles can be controlled easily using air as a carrier gas by altering
the repetition frequency, capacitance, gap distance, and flow rate of the spark-discharge system. TEM
observation shows that the generated particles were aggregates, which primary particle sizes are a few
nanometers. The element composition of the nanoparticles was titanium and the crystal phase was
amorphous. XPS analysis shows that oxidation state of generated particles corresponded to TiO2.
These XPS data indicates that some fraction of the evaporated titanium vapor could be oxidized in an
air atmosphere by the oxidation with oxygen. However, enough time for crystallization was lacked
because of raid cooling.
Visible-Light Activity of N-Doped TiO2 Powders and their Applications
Authors: Cao Wen Bin , Wei Yi , Li Yan Hong , Zhang Xiao Ning
Published: March 2009

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 has been prepared by calcining technical grade guanidine
hydrochloride and commercial anatase TiO2 powders. XRD patterns indicate that the prepared
powders are composed of anatase. XPS results show that N atoms have been incorporated into the
lattice of anatase. UV-Vis reflectance spectra show that the light absorption of the synthesized
N-doped anatase powders has red-shifted well into visible-light region. Degradation of methylene
blue (MB) aqueous solution by N-doped anatase has been investigated by UV-Vis light
spectrophotometer. The 400-mL 10 mg/L aqueous solution of MB could be degraded with 4 g
N-doped TiO2 within 4.5 hrs of visible light irradiation. Photocatalytic paint was prepared by adding
the synthesized N-doped nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 powders into self-engineered oxidation
resistance latex paint system. The effects of the amount and types of the TiO2 in the paints on the
sterilization were systematically investigated. The colony counting method was used to study its
sterilization performance under visible light irradiation. The sterilization experiments show that the
rate of sterilizing E. coli by the N-doped TiO2 modified paint can exceed more than 99% after
irradiation by the visible light for 2 to 4 hours.
Effects of Manganese on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Processed by Differential Speed Rolling
Authors: Huang Xin Sheng , Suzuki Kazutaka , Watazu Akira , Shigematsu Ichinori , Saito Naobumi
Published: March 2009

A DSR processing with a roll speed ratio of 1.08 was carried out on an AZ31 alloys with
Mn additions of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 wt.% for investigating the effects of Mn on the microstructural
evolution and mechanical properties. The amount of the Al-Mn compounds increased with increasing
the Mn content. Compare with the DSR processed sheet without Mn addition with a homogeneous
grain size, those with Mn additions exhibited an inhomogeneous microstructure due to the appearance
of the shear bands comprising the small grains around 5 μm. The Mn addition exhibited a significant
effect in grain refinement even for a low content of 0.2 wt.%, which reduced the average grain size
from about 25 μm to 10 μm. The Mn addition resulted in the significant increases in the tensile
strength and the 0.2% proof stress by about 25 MPa and 40 MPa, respectively.
Hybrid Tooling Using High Speed Cutting and Ceramic Filled SLA (StereoLithography Apparatuses) Technologies
Authors: Kwon Hong Kyu , Kim Jung Sik
Published: March 2009

Getting to the market first” is extremely critical in this competitive business
environment. The speed at which products are developed and released to the market is tightly linked
to profitability and market share. Many companies that have been very skeptical of Rapid Tooling
technologies developed so far are now working on hybrid tooling (HT) that can really meet the
market standards. This paper describes how the HT process has been successfully established and
effectively applied with ceramic filled SLA (StereoLithography Apparatuses) technologies.
Influence of Zircon Addition on Thermal Shock Resistance of ZTA for Plasma Reactors
Authors: Jang Kyung Hun , Cho Bum Rae
Published: March 2009

The effect of CaO, MgO and SiO2 as a flux on the sinterability of zirconia toughened
alumina(ZTA) used for plasma reactors was investigated and the effect of zircon addition on thermal
shock resistance of ZTA with 15wt.% of ZrO2 was also investigated. The resultant data revealed that
ZTA shows the best sinterability at the composition of 2wt.% of CaO, 4wt.% of MgO and 2wt.% of
SiO2 and at the sintering temperature of 1350°C. Thermal shock resistance of ZTA containing zircon
was improved significantly. It is shown that ZTA containing 10wt.% of zircon shows better thermal
shock resistance than others. This fact can be explained due to the low thermal expansion coefficient
of zircon. It was concluded that zircon is an effective material to improve thermal shock resistance of
alumina ceramics.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Si3N4/hBN Composites Prepared by Hot-Pressing Using Nitrided Si3N4 Powders
Authors: Lee Ki Ju , Jin Chang Hyun , Hwang Woon Suk , Cho Won Seung
Published: March 2009

In order to produce Si3N4/hBN composite with low cost, it seems necessary to use nitrided
Si3N4 powders since the cost of Si powder is much cheaper than that of Si3N4 powder. The purpose of
the present work is to investigate the nitride conditions, and in particular, we focused on the
relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties of hot-pressed Si3N4/hBN ceramic
composite using nitrided Si3N4 powders. The mixed powders of Si3N4 and hBN were prepared by
nitriding Si powders at 1380oC for 24 h, and subsequently sintered by hot-pressing at 1800oC for 2 h
in N2 atmosphere. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Si3N4/hBN composites were
investigated. Flexural strength, Young’s modulus, and hardness decreased by the addition of 20 vol%
hBN. The addition of BN resulted in a decrease in the modulus as well as an increase in the size of
fracture source, both contribute to the observed decrease in mechanical properties. The Si3N4/BN
based ceramic composites revealed enhanced crack deflection. The Vickers indentation crack paths
in specimens are sinusoidal due to pull-out of grains during crack propagation.
Passive-Active Transition Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Hwang Woon Suk , Lee Jeong Ja , Yang Won Seog , Na Seung Chan
Published: March 2009

The passive-active transition behavior of a 304 stainless steel was investigated by
observing the self-activation behavior and nano-scale galvanostatic cathodic reduction experiment.
The self-activation time, τ0 was dependent remarkably on concentration of sulfuric acid. It was
appeared that applied nano-scale cathodic current density dissolved the passive film on a 304 stainless
steel surface and shortened the activation time in galvanostatic cathodic reduction experiments. The
applied cathodic current density was proportional to the reciprocal of activation time. From this linear
relationship, the rate of the self-activation process, i0 was obtained. The i0 increased with increasing
H2SO4 concentration. And i0 also increased with increasing passivation potential and passivation time.
The stability of passive film increased in accordance with increasing τ0 and decreasing i0. Therefore, it
was concluded that the stability of passive film on austenitic stainless steel is evaluated by the kinetic
parameters of the self-activation rate i0 and the self-activation time, τ0.
Application of Gypsum Granule as a Capping Material to Reduce Phosphorus Release from Sediment of Lake Paldang
Authors: Park Yong Jin , Ko Jae Jung , Kim Young Im , Yun Sang Leen , Kim So Jung , Lee Byung Cheol
Published: March 2009

In this study, the capping effects of granular gypsum (Ca2SO4·2H2O) and sand on
sediment and water column were evaluated in in-situ experiments in Lake Paldang. The results
indicate that capping treatment is very effective for the restoration of eutrophied lake. It was
demonstrated that phosphorus, T-N and T-P concentration in the water column of treated basin was
relatively lower than control basin. As a consequence of reduction of nutrient concentration by
capping treatment, chlorophyll-a concentration in treated basin was considerably lower than control
basin. The chlorophyll-a concentration in water column could be reduced to 52% and 25% as
compared to control basin, respectively, by the capping treatment with gypsum and sand. From the
experimental results, it was concluded that gypsum was more effective capping material than sand for
controlling of nutrients and chlorophyll-a. In addition, capping with gypsum bring calcium cation into
sediment, which offer more site for phosphorus to bind. In case of the capping with gypsum, apatite P
composition, mainly consist of Ca boun P, in the sediment increased from 24% to 43% for the two
month of operation.
Beneficial Reuse of Coal Fly-Ash as Porous Reactive Aggregates for Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Lee Tae Yoon
Published: March 2009

Artificial aggregates made of coal fly ash, which is classified as an industrial byproduct,
was tested to oxidize hydrogen sulfide under various testing conditions. For the determination of
optimum condition for converting coal fly ash to aggregates, specimens were prepared by varying
ratio of fly ash, cement, water, and foaming agent. These specimens were tested to determine
specific gravity, water absorption, and compressive strength. Specimens, which were used for the
removal of hydrogen sulfide, were selected based on the measured specific gravity, water
absorption, and compressive strength. Tests for hydrogen sulfide removal were performed via serial
batch kinetic tests. Under the testing conditions used in this study, removal rates of hydrogen
sulfide were linearly proportional to amounts of coal fly ash.
Conversion of Used Glass Bottles to Porous Materials by Using Hydrothermal Technique
Authors: Yanagisawa Kazumichi , Bao Ning Zhong , Kariya Misato , Onda Ayumu , Kajiyoshi Koji , Matamoras-Veloza Zully , Rendón-Angeles Juan Carlos
Published: March 2009

Conversion of used glass bottles to porous materials was investigated for recycling of used
glasses. The ordinary method to prepare porous materials from glass needs vesicants such as
calcium carbonate and silicon carbide that decompose at high temperatures to produce gas, and the
gas is trapped in softened glass to form pores. In this study, used glass bottles were converted to
porous plates by using hydrothermal technique. First, a glass powder is hydrothermally treated at
low temperatures, so that water diffuses into the glass structure. Water is released as vapor to form
pores in the softened glass, when the hydrothermally treated glass powder is heated at high
temperatures. Thus, this process gives porous materials with a fine structure including closed pores
at lower temperature than the ordinary method. The effects of hydrothermal treatment and
calcination conditions on bulk density of the resulted porous materials were investigated with a
small scale to determine the conditions to get light porous materials. Finally, porous plates
(45x45x3 cm3 in size) with density of 0.45g/cm3 were produced by hydrothermal treatment of the
glass powder at 180°C in a large autoclave with inside volume of 2.5 m3, followed by calcination at
800°C in a continuous heater with 18 m in length.
Investigation of Plasticity Index of Clay Bodies Including Bottom Ashes from the Power Plant
Authors: Chun Hye Jin , Kim Yoo Taek , Lee Gi Gang , Kang Seung Gu , Kim Jung Hwan
Published: March 2009

Plasticity indexes (PI) of clay bodies including bottom ashes (BA) and various wastes by
using Atterberg limits were measured for the effective recycling of coal bottom ashes from the
power plant. Coal bottom ash (BA)-red clay (RC or simply clay), dredged soil (DS)-BA, coal fly
ash (FA)-red clay, DS-FA were used as samples for the PI measurement. From the comparison of
clay bodies with BA and DS, PI of DS-BA body was higher than that of BA-red clay body because
liquid limit (LL) was high and plastic limit (PL) of DS-red clay was low, respectively. Comparing
clay bodies with FA and BA, PI of BA-clay body was higher than that of FA-clay body because
both LL and PL of BA-clay body were low. When stone ashes and sewage sludge (SS) were added
to BA-clay bodies, PI decreased with increasing both stone ash and sewage sludge contents. It is
concluded that the measurement of plasticity index can be used as an indicator of forming
performance of green bodies with various compositions.