bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Consistent Modeling of Neutrino-driven Wind with Accretion Flow onto a Protoneutron Star and Its Implications for 56Ni Production
Authors: Sawada Ryo , Suwa Yudai
Published: February 2021

Details of the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are not yet fully understood. There is now an increasing number of successful examples of reproducing explosions in the first-principles simulations, which have shown a slow increase of explosion energy. However, it was recently pointed out that the growth rates of the explosion energy of these simulations are insufficient to produce enough 56Ni mass to account for observations. We refer to this issue as the “nickel mass problem” (Ni problem, hereafter) in this paper. The neutrino-driven wind is suggested as one of the most promising candidates for the solution to the Ni problem in previous literature, but a multidimensional simulation for this is computationally too expensive to allow long-term investigations. In this paper, we first built a consistent model of the neutrino-driven wind with an accretion flow onto a protoneutron star, by connecting a steady-state solution of the neutrino-driven wind and a phenomenological mass accretion model. Comparing the results of our model with the results of first-principles simulations, we find that the total ejectable amount of the neutrino-driven wind is roughly determined within ∼1 s from the onset of the explosion and the supplementable amount at a late phase (t

e
≳ 1 s) remains M
ej ≲ 0.01 M
⊙ at most. Our conclusion is that it is difficult to solve the Ni problem by continuous injection of 56Ni by the neutrino-driven wind. We suggest that the total amount of synthesized 56Ni can be estimated robustly if simulations are followed up to ∼2 s.
On the Rigidity Spectrum of Cosmic-Ray Variations within Propagating Interplanetary Disturbances: Neutron Monitor and SOHO/EPHIN Observations at ∼1–10 GV
Authors: Belov Anatoly , Papaioannou Athanasios , Abunina Maria , Dumbovic Mateja , Richardson Ian G. , Heber Bernd , Kuhl Patrick , Herbst Konstantin , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Vourlidas Angelos , Eroshenko Eugenia , Abunin Artem
Published: February 2021

The rigidity dependence of all Forbush decreases (FDs) recorded from 1995 to 2015 has been determined using neutron monitor (NM) and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) (EPHIN) spacecraft data, covering the energy (rigidity) range from ∼433 MeV (1 GV) to 9.10 GeV (10 GV). We analyzed a total of 421 events and determined the spectrum in rigidity with an inverse power-law fit. As a result, the mean spectral index was identified to be 〈γ

F
〉 = 0.46 ± 0.02. The majority (∼66%) of the FDs have γ

F
within the range 0.3–0.7. The remaining one-third of the events (∼33%) have either (very) soft or hard FD spectra, with the latter being more common than the former. Significant variations of γ

F
occur within almost every FD event. During the initial FD decay phase the spectrum becomes gradually harder, in contrast to the recovery phase, when it becomes softer. Additionally, low energies (rigidities) seem to be better suited for studying the fine structure of interplanetary disturbances (primarily interplanetary coronal mass ejections) that lead to FDs. In particular, FDs recorded by the EPHIN instrument on SOHO better capture a two-step structure than FDs observed by NMs. Finally, the ejecta of an ICME, especially when identified as a magnetic cloud, often leads to abrupt changes in the slope of γ

F
.
Mid-infrared Outbursts in Nearby Galaxies (MIRONG). I. Sample Selection and Characterization
Authors: Jiang Ning , Wang Tinggui , Dou Liming , Shu Xinwen , Hu Xueyang , Liu Hui , Wang Yibo , Yan Lin , Sheng Zhenfeng , Yang Chenwei , Sun Luming , Zhou Hongyan
Published: February 2021

Optical time-domain astronomy has grown rapidly in the past decade, but the dynamic infrared sky is rarely explored. Aiming to construct a sample of mid-infrared outbursts in nearby galaxies (MIRONG), we have conducted a systematical search of low-redshift (z < 0.35) Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic galaxies that have experienced recent mid-infrared (MIR) flares using their Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) light curves. A total of 137 galaxies have been selected by requiring a brightening amplitude of 0.5 mag in at least one WISE band with respect to their quiescent phases. Only a small fraction (10.9%) has corresponding optical flares. Except for the four supernovae (SNe) in our sample, the MIR luminosities of the remaining sources (L
4.6 μm > 1042 erg s−1) are markedly brighter than known SNe, and their physical locations are very close to the galactic center (median <0.″1). Only four galaxies are radio-loud, indicating that synchrotron radiation from relativistic jets could contribute to MIR variability. We propose that these MIR outbursts are dominated by the dust echoes of transient accretion onto supermassive black holes, such as tidal disruption events (TDEs) and turn-on (changing-look) active galactic nuclei. Moreover, the inferred peak MIR luminosity function is generally consistent with the X-ray and optical TDEs at the high end, albeit with large uncertainties. Our results suggest that a large population of transients has been overlooked by optical surveys, probably due to dust obscuration or intrinsically optical weakness. Thus, a search in the infrared band is crucial for us to obtain a panoramic picture of nuclear outburst. The multiwavelength follow-up observations of the MIRONG sample are in progress and will be presented in a series of subsequent papers.
Multiple drug-resistant HBV mutation may contribute to poor response of adefovir + entecavir in entecavir-resistant patients
Authors: Shao Jinman , Liu Yan , Liu Li-Ming , Chen Rongjuan , Zhao Li , Zhou Yi , Li Le , Li Xiaodong , Li Jin , Xu Dongping
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Adefovir plus entecavir (ADV+ETV) rescue therapy in ETV-resistant patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is suboptimal in some patients. This study aims to elucidate the evolutionary characteristics of drug-resistant HBV mutants and their association with clinical responses in such patients.

Methodology: Thirty-seven ETV-resistant patients were enrolled, among whom twelve had an inadequate virological response to ADV+ETV rescue therapy. The clonal sequence (³ 20 clones/sample) of HBV reverse transcriptase gene was performed to identify the resistance mutations. Phenotypic analysis was performed to evaluate the replication capacity and drug susceptibility of the mutants.

Results: ETV-resistant mutants were continuously detected in 10 of the 12 patients, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) mutants, including a novel strain (rtL180M+A181V+T184A+S202G+M204V), were detected in two patients. Seven of the 12 patients who subsequently received tenofovir (TDF)-based therapy for 38 (23−60) months all achieved undetectable HBV DNA after treatment, and ETV-resistant mutants converted to wild-type in the four patients’ samples. In contrast, the other five patients who did not achieve an adequate virological response had remaining of ETV-resistant mutants. The novel MDR strain exhibited multiple resistances to LAM, ADV, and ETV, and 11.2-fold lower susceptibility to TDF.

Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate that MDR HBV mutations may contribute to the poor efficacy of ADV+ETV combination therapy in ETV-resistant patients. Moreover, a novel MDR HBV strain was identified. Our results indicate that a TDF-based rescue therapy would be effective for the treatment of the refractory cases.
The role of plasma presepsin levels in determining the incidence of septic shock and mortality in patients with sepsis
Authors: Kahveci Ugur , Ozkan Seda , Melekoglu Adem , Usul Eren , Ozturk Gulfer , Cetin Esra , Abatay Kerim , Sahin Ali
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the role of plasma presepsin in the early detection of septic shock and in determining the prognosis and mortality of patients with sepsis.

Methodology: The study was conducted in the emergency department between 1 January 2017 and 1 July 2017. A total of 106 patients 18 years of age or older who were diagnosed with sepsis according to the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) criteria were included in this prospective study. The patients’ symptoms, vital signs, additional diseases, demographic attributes, laboratory results, Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) scores, imaging findings and treatments were recorded. Moreover, the patients’ blood samples were collected to measure plasma presepsin, procalcitonin and CRP levels.

Results: In total, 55.7% of the patients were female. The median age of the patients was 78 (24–103) years, and their 30-day mortality rate was 67%. The presepsin level was significantly higher in the sepsis group than in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). The presepsin levels did not differ significantly between the sepsis and septic shock groups (p = 0.12). Similarly, the procalcitonin levels did not differ significantly between the sepsis and septic shock groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the presepsin, procalcitonin and CRP levels between survivor and non-survivor patients (p = 0.74).

Conclusions: The plasma presepsin level was found to be ineffective in determining the incidence of septic shock and mortality in patients with sepsis in the emergency department.
Preparing dental schools to refunction safely during the COVID-19 pandemic: an infection prevention and control perspective
Authors: Maltezou Helena C , Tseroni Maria , Vorou Rengina , Koutsolioutsou Anastasia , Antoniadou Maria , Tzoutzas Ioannis , Panis Vassilios , Tzermpos Fotios , Madianos Phoebus
Published: February 2021

In late 2019 a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and spread throughout the world over a short period of time causing a pandemic of a respiratory disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is easily transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets and direct contact. The scarce available data indicate that dental healthcare personnel are at increased risk for acquisition of infection. Following the lockdown lifting, dental schools should be prepared to refunction safely and provide essential educational and healthcare services while protecting their students, patients, and personnel. The generation of aerosols in dental practice, in association with the high-transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol-generation procedures, the simultaneous provision of dental services to patients in the same areas, and the fact that asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infected persons may transmit the virus, render the implementation of specific infection prevention and control measures imperative for dental schools. Herein we review the few evidence-based data available to guide infection prevention and control measures for COVID-19 in dental schools.
Genetic parameters of soybean populations obtained from crosses between grain and food genotypes
Authors: Azevedo Cleber Vinicius Giaretta , Val Bruno Henrique Pedroso , Araújo Lilian Cristina Andrade de , Juhász Ana Cristina Pinto , Di Mauro Antonio Orlando , Uneda-Trevisoli Sandra Helena
Published: February 2021

In addition to the agronomic traits of interest, soybean cultivars destined for human consumption must have specific attributes that meet the demands of the consumer market. To meet this demand, this study aimed to select progenies with agronomic and commercial traits of interest from soybean populations obtained from crosses between different food and grain genotypes and to estimate the genetic parameters of these populations. The F3:4 and F4:5 progenies that originated from the two crosses were evaluated in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 agricultural years, respectively, using the pedigree method. The experimental design utilized augmented blocks, while statistical analyses were performed by using the REML/BLUP methodology. The evaluated traits were plant height at maturity (APM), insertion height of first pod (AIV), lodging (AC), agronomic value (VA), number of pods per plant (NV), number of days to maturity (NDM), number of branches (NR), number of nodes (NN), 100-seed weight (PCS), and grain yield per plant (PG). The best progenies were selected, and the following genetic parameters were estimated: genetic variance, phenotypic variance, heritability, and selective accuracy. The estimates of the genetic parameters indicate the presence of high genetic variance in these populations. Heritability was high for most of the traits, indicating good potential for the selection of superior genotypes.
Genetic bases of corn inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense via seed and foliar application
Authors: Müller Tânia Maria , Martin Thomas Newton , Cunha Vinícius dos Santos , Munareto Janete Denardi , Conceição Gerusa Massuquini , Stecca Jessica Deolinda Leivas
Published: February 2021

Nitrogen is available in insufficient quantities in Brazilian soils, and is the nutrient that raises the most cost of production of maize. Nowadays there is a more interest in the use of alternative nitrogen sources, such as biological nitrogen fixation, to supply plant demand. Among the most used bacteria in association with grasses is Azospirillum brasilense. In this way this study aimed to establish a relationship between the genetic bases of corn and the forms of A. brasilense application and the effects on the plant morphological components, grain yield, and relative nitrogen contribution. Experiments were conducted during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 crop seasons. The experiments included two single hybrids, two double hybrids, and two triple hybrids inoculated with A. brasilense via seed treatment; foliar application during phenological stages V2, V2 + V4, and V4; and a control treatment without bacteria. The response varied with the hybrid and the year. In the 2013/14 crop, a significant difference was observed in the grain yield for the single hybrid AG9045 inoculated with A. brasilense via seed and foliar application in V2. In the 2014/15 crop, inoculation with A. brasilense via seed application resulted in significant increases in the grain yield for the triple hybrid BG7051. Foliar application of A. brasilense is an efficient alternative for the improvement of plant morphological traits, and inoculation via seed and with foliar application in V2 increases the relative contribution of N.
A new local stochastic method for predicting data with spatial heterogeneity
Authors: Silva Anderson Rodrigo da , Silva Ana Paula Alencastro , Tiago Neto Lauro Joaquim
Published: February 2021

Spatial data (e.g., phytopathogenic data) do not always meet assumptions such as stationarity, isotropy and Gaussian distribution, thereby requiring complex spatial methods and models. Some deterministic assumption-free methods such as the inverse distance weighting can also be applied to predict spatial data, but their output is limited for graphical solutions (mapping). We adapted a computer-based prediction method called Circular Variable Radius Moving Window (CVRMW) that is based on two others: moving window kriging (MWK) and inverse squared-distance weighting (ISDW). The algorithm is developed to meet an objective function that minimizes the index of variation of the spatial observations inside the moving window. A code in R language is presented and thoroughly described. The outputs include the range of the spatial dependence as the radius calculated at every target location and the standard error of the predicted values, mapped to provide a useful tool for spatial exploratory analysis. The method does not make any assumptions about the spatial process, and it is an alternative for dealing with spatial heterogeneity.
Milk yield of cows submitted to different levels of olive pomace in the diet
Authors: Chaves Brunele Weber , Valles Gustavo Argenta Figueira , Scheibler Rudolf Brand , Schafhauser Junior Jorge , Nornberg Jose Laerte
Published: February 2021

The cultivation of olive trees is expanding in Brazil, mainly in Rio Grande do Sul in order to meet the demand for olive oil, the main product of the industrialization of olives. However, from the extraction, there is a significant generation of waste. This residue has high moisture and an appropriate destination is necessary given its environmental and economic importance. The chemical composition of the residue is similar to other products used in animal feed, such as corn silage or sorghum, in relation to DM, CP and NDF, the differential being high levels of EE and ADL. In order to evaluate the replacement of corn silage by the extraction residue of olive oil (olive pomace), eight Holstein dairy cow, between 90 and 100 days of lactation, were used, making a double Latin square (4x4). Analyzes were made regarding animals, feed and milk product in order to verify the feasibility of the substitution. The inclusion of olive pomace, conserved as silage, to replace corn silage, in the diet of lactating cows up to 15% (dry basis) does not alter milk production, as well as its composition and feed efficiency.
Sheep and goat feeding behavior profile in grazing systems
Authors: Dias e Silva Tairon Pannunzio , Abdalla Filho Adibe Luiz
Published: February 2021

Feeding behavior analysis provides information about the relationships between animals and pastures. Therefore, this review aims to describe some aspects of the feeding behavior profiles of both sheep and goats in grazing systems. The structure of the pasture is a key factor in the feeding behavior of grazing animals. The amount of feed consumed in a given period of time is affected by the number of meals, duration and velocity of swallowing, changes in grazing time, bite rate, bite weight, and quality of ingested forage. The different phenological stages of forage also influence the animals’ strategies to optimize their intake, which consequently changes their behavioral activities. Sheep and goats tend to be more selective than cattle, and young animals are more selective than older animals; this selectivity characteristic is one of the most important aspects to be observed in pasture management. According to the degree of selectivity, the animals will intake forages of higher or lower nutritive quality. In addition, the intensity and distribution of their daily activities (grazing, ruminating, and resting) are influenced by several factors, such as the availability and nutritive value of the pasture, its management, the animal activity in the group, and the predominant climatic conditions of the region.
A biblioteca escolar e as crianças: novos conceitos, velhos desafios
Authors: Nunes Maristela Aparecida , Lira Aliandra Cristina Mesomo , Gehrke Marcos
Published: February 2021

O artigo objetiva analisar a biblioteca escolar e as crianças como usuárias, desde conceitos produzidos aos desafios que permanecem. Parte do princípio de que a biblioteca escolar é um ambiente cujo conceito vem se transformando ao longo da história, sendo para as crianças um espaço de circulação e produção de saberes, informações, conhecimentos e de novas relações nesse âmbito, tendo a leitura e a pesquisa escolar o foco central. Trata-se de estudo teórico, portanto uma investigação de cunho bibliográfico. Conclui sobre a importância da biblioteca escolar na formação da criança, a partir da aproximação com os livros, a literatura e a pesquisa. Contudo, este ambiente ainda precisa superar velhos desafios que incluem ressignificar seu espaço e acervo a partir do público que a frequenta, em especial as crianças.
Educação infantil e educação física na perspectiva interdisciplinar: (im)possibilidades
Authors: Brostolin Marta Regina , Moraes Claudia Diniz de
Published: February 2021

Este texto, um recorte de uma pesquisa de Mestrado, tem por temática a relação entre a Educação Infantil, a Educação Física e a Interdisciplinaridade e, por objetivo, compreender se ocorre a prática pedagógica interdisciplinar entre os professores de educação física e pedagogos que atuam nos Centros de Educação Infantil (CEINFs) de uma cidade de Mato Grosso do Sul. A pesquisa realizada em 2017 foi desenvolvida em dois momentos. No primeiro, utilizou-se como instrumento metodológico um questionário-convite, entregue a 111 professores que atuam em cem instituições de CEINFs, com devolutiva de 106 deles, e que tinha como objetivo caracterizar quem são os profissionais de Educação Física que atuam nos CEINFS, dados esses não focalizados nesse texto. Na segunda etapa, o instrumento metodológico aplicado foi o referente à técnica do Grupo Focal, do qual participaram 10 professores que representaram dezessete CEINFs, tendo em vista que alguns desses professores atuam em mais de uma instituição. Para a análise dos dados da pesquisa foram elencadas duas categorias temáticas: a elaboração do planejamento; e práticas pedagógicas interdisciplinares. Os resultados apontaram que, apesar da Educação Física estar presente na Educação Infantil, ela não faz parte da Educação Infantil, pois ainda é vista como uma disciplina desenvolvida por especialistas. Desta forma, não são oportunizados momentos de diálogo e de formação em conjunto, ocorrendo, assim, a fragmentação dos planejamentos, que por consequência, também fragmenta as ações docentes e o conhecimento oportunizado às crianças.
A balhestilha (1603) como um instrumento matemático para o estudo de medidas na formação de professores de matemática
Authors: Batista Antonia Naiara de Sousa , Pereira Ana Carolina Costa
Published: February 2021

Dentre os vários estudos que pesquisam a inserção da história da matemática na formação de professores, sob uma perspectiva historiográfica atualizada, encontramos uma corrente teórica que propõe a construção de uma interface entre História e ensino de Matemática por meio do estudo de instrumentos matemáticos históricos. Entre os aparatos que possuem conhecimentos Matemáticos incorporados na sua fabricação e no seu uso, tem-se a balhestilha, um instrumento náutico e astronômico muito utilizado entre os séculos XV e XVII, que se encontra inserido no documento Chrnographia, Reportorio dos Tempos..., de 1603. Este artigo tem o intuito de apresentar algumas potencialidades didáticas para o uso na formação de professor, tomando como base as Atividades Orientadoras de Ensino (AOE) no estudo sobre medidas. Dessa maneira, os conceitos relacionados à unidade de medida, como, por exemplo, a polegada, podem ser estudados quando se constrói ou se manipula a balhestilha. Isso acontece, principalmente, devido à construção de conhecimentos Matemáticos que são mobilizados nessas práticas, fazendo com que o professor repense os saberes até então aprendidos e ressignifiquem os mesmos.
Leontiev’s Theory of Activity and Donald Schön’s Reflective Professor: reflections on teacher education
Authors: Yaegashi Solange Franci Raimundo , Shigunov Neto Alexandre , Ruiz Nathália Fafarão , Gasparin João Luiz
Published: February 2021

The present theoretical essay intends to analyze Leontiev's Theory of Activity and Donald Schön's Theory of the Reflective Professor in order to understand the common points between them and in what way they can be related to the formation of teachers. Leontiev, a disciple of Vygotsky, understands that human development occurs in the work and in social relations established by men in their surroundings. For Schön, the training of teachers occurs in their practice and reflection on this pedagogical practice. By contrasting the assumptions of the two authors, we come to the conclusion that Donald Schön's reflective teacher's proposal is closely related to Leontiev's Theory of Activity by considering that the teacher improves when reflecting on his or her pedagogical practice and, therefore, at work, the main activity of his or her life. In this sense formation is in fact self-training, since teachers re-elaborate initial knowledge in comparison with their practical experiences, which are lived daily in school contexts.
Aperçu sur l'apprentissage et L'activite du professeur de mathematique: an point de vue derive de la Didactique Professionnelles (DP)
Authors: Alves Francisco Regis Vieira
Published: February 2021

L'activité professionnelle développée dans le travail de l'enseignant ne peut être considérée hermétiquement comme un ensemble de tâches spécialisées requises par un établissement scolaire. D'autre part, lorsque nous observons l'activité de l'enseignant, du point de vue cognitiviste, un large répertoire de connaissances est élaboré et incorporé face aux problèmes complexe inhérents à l'exercice de l'activité. Ainsi, dans le présent travail, d’un point de vue élaboré par la Didactique Pro fessionnelle, nous présentons quelques éléments qui nous permettent de comprendre l’activité et l’apprentissage du professeur de mathématiques face à la résolution de tâches professionnelles. Ainsi, la notion de situation de travail conduit à une polarisation des activités de modélisation visant à enseigner les mathématiques et à identifier certaines entités théoriques, dont la nature cognitive révèle une compréhension du fonctionnement de l'action de l'enseignant, qu'il s'agisse d'un enseignant débutant en mathématiques ou expérimenté.
La La Escuela Nueva en Chile: relación con las organizaciones docentes y con la conformación de un sistema educativo público democrático
Authors: Caiceo Escudero Jaime
Published: February 2021

La influencia que el educador norteamericano, John Dewey -principal representante de la ‘Escuela Nueva’ en Chile-, ha tenido en los sistemas educativos a nivel mundial es vastamente conocida; en varias ocasiones visitó directamente algunos países, como Japón, China, Turquía y Unión Soviética; a España llegó especialmente su pragmatismo educacional desde comienzos del siglo XX, en la traducción de varias de sus obras, las cuales influyeron en la denominada ‘Educación Nueva’; también fue recibido positivamente en México -a donde fue en dos oportunidades-, Colombia y Brasil. Por cierto que en su tierra natal fue ampliamente recibido, tanto como filósofo pragmático y como pedagogo. Su planteamiento democratizador, elaborado a partir de la observación de la situación en su país, quería que se extendiera a otros continentes; aumentado la escolaridad en las diferentes naciones, a su juicio, reforzaría el sistema democrático de ellas. Este artículo persigue dos objetivos: (i) identificar a las principales agrupaciones docentes existentes en las tres primeras décadas del siglo XX en Chile y señalar a sus principales exponentes y (ii) analizar el aporte de las mismas en la difusión de la pedagogía de Dewey y en la influencia que tuvieron en los cambios del sistema escolar, especialmente en la proposición de nuevas políticas públicas que cada una de ellas realizó durante el período señalado.
Helicobacter pylori CagA Interacts with SHP-1 to Suppress the Immune Response by Targeting TRAF6 for K63-Linked Ubiquitination
Authors: He Huan , Liu Jing , Li Liuyan , Qian Gui , Hao Doudou , Li Manman , Zhang Yihua , Hong Xiaowu , Xu Jianqing , Yan Dapeng
Published: February 2021

Helicobacter pylori is the major etiological agent for most gastric cancer. CagA has been reported to be an important virulence factor of H. pylori, but its effect on the immune response is not yet clear. In this study, wild-type C57BL/6 mice and Ptpn6me-v/me-v mice were randomly assigned for infection with H. pylori. We demonstrated that CagA suppressed H. pylori–stimulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo. Besides, we infected mouse peritoneal macrophages RAW264.7 and AGS with H. pylori. Our results showed that CagA suppressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines through inhibiting the MAPKs and NF-κB pathways activation in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that CagA interacted with the host cellular tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which facilitated the recruitment of SHP-1 to TRAF6 and inhibited the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6, which obstructed the transmission of signal downstream. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which CagA negatively regulates the posttranslational modification of TRAF6 in innate antibacterial immune response and provide molecular basis for new therapeutics to treat microbial infection.
Broad-Spectrum Robust Direct Bactericidal Activity of Fish IFNφ1 Reveals an Antimicrobial Peptide–like Function for Type I IFNs in Vertebrates
Authors: Xiao Xun , Zhu Wentao , Zhang Yanqi , Liao Zhiwei , Wu Changsong , Yang Chunrong , Zhang Yongan , Xiao Shaobo , Su Jianguo
Published: February 2021

Type I IFNs (IFN-Is) play pivotal roles in host defense against viral infections but remain enigmatic against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we recombinantly expressed and purified intact grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IFNφ1 (gcIFNφ1), a teleost IFN-I. gcIFNφ1 widely powerfully directly kills both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. gcIFNφ1 binds to LPS or peptidoglycan and provokes bacterial membrane depolarization and disruption, resulting in bacterial death. Furthermore, gcIFNφ1 can efficiently protect zebrafish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection and significantly reduce the bacterial loads in tissues by an infection model. In addition, we wonder whether antibacterial IFN-I members exist in other vertebrates. The amino acid compositions of representative IFN-Is with strong positive charges from Pisces, Amphibia, reptiles, Aves, and Mammalia demonstrate high similarities with those of 2237 reported cationic antimicrobial peptides in antimicrobial peptide database. Recombinant intact representative IFN-I members from the nonmammalian sect exhibit potent broad-spectrum robust bactericidal activity through bacterial membrane depolarization; in contrast, the bactericidal activity is very weak from mammalian IFN-Is. The findings display a broad-spectrum potent direct antimicrobial function for IFN-Is, to our knowledge previously unknown. The results highlight that IFN-Is are important and robust in host defense against bacterial pathogens, and unify direct antibacterial and indirect antiviral bifunction in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates.
Accelerated Clearance and Degradation of Cell-Free HIV by Neutralizing Antibodies Occurs via FcγRIIb on Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells by Endocytosis
Authors: Turman James M. , Cheplowitz Alana M. , Tiwari Charu , Thomas Thushara , Joshi Dhruvi , Bhat Menakshi , Wu Qian , Pong Erik , Chu Seung Y. , Szymkowski David E. , Sharma Amit , Seveau Stephanie , Robinson John M. , Kwiek Jesse J. , Burton Dennis , Rajaram Murugesan V. S. , Kim Jonghan , Hangartner Lars , Ganesan Latha P.
Published: February 2021

Neutralizing Abs suppress HIV infection by accelerating viral clearance from blood circulation in addition to neutralization. The elimination mechanism is largely unknown. We determined that human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) express FcγRIIb as the lone Fcγ receptor, and using humanized FcγRIIb mouse, we found that Ab-opsonized HIV pseudoviruses were cleared considerably faster from circulation than HIV by LSEC FcγRIIb. Compared with humanized FcγRIIb-expressing mice, HIV clearance was significantly slower in FcγRIIb knockout mice. Interestingly, a pentamix of neutralizing Abs cleared HIV faster compared with hyperimmune anti-HIV Ig (HIVIG), although the HIV Ab/Ag ratio was higher in immune complexes made of HIVIG and HIV than pentamix and HIV. The effector mechanism of LSEC FcγRIIb was identified to be endocytosis. Once endocytosed, both Ab-opsonized HIV pseudoviruses and HIV localized to lysosomes. This suggests that clearance of HIV, endocytosis, and lysosomal trafficking within LSEC occur sequentially and that the clearance rate may influence downstream events. Most importantly, we have identified LSEC FcγRIIb-mediated endocytosis to be the Fc effector mechanism to eliminate cell-free HIV by Abs, which could inform development of HIV vaccine and Ab therapy.
cAbl Kinase Regulates Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis via ASC Phosphorylation
Authors: Gavrilin Mikhail A. , Prather Evan R. , Vompe Alex D. , McAndrew Christian C. , Wewers Mark D.
Published: February 2021

Inflammasome activation is regulated in part by the posttranslational modification of inflammasome proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation is one possible modification. Having previously shown that the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor AG126 greatly inhibits inflammasome activation, we sought to uncover the target kinase. To do this, we screened a commercial tyrosine kinase library for inhibition of inflammasome-dependent IL-18/IL-1β release and pyroptosis. THP-1 cells (human monocyte cell line) were incubated with PTK inhibitors (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) before stimulation with LPS followed by ATP. The PTK inhibitors DCC-2036 (Rebastinib) and GZD824, specific for Bcr-Abl kinase, showed the most severe reduction of IL-18 and lactate dehydrogenase release at all concentrations used. The suggested kinase target, cAbl kinase, was then deleted in THP-1 cells by CRISPR/Cas9 editing and then tested for its role in inflammasome function and potential to phosphorylate the inflammasome adaptor ASC. The cABL knockout not only significantly inhibited inflammasome function but also decreased release of phosphorylated ASC after LPS/ATP stimulation. One predicted target of cAbl kinase is tyrosine 146 in ASC. Complementation of ASC knockout THP-1 cells with mutated Y146A ASC significantly abrogated inflammasome activation and ASC oligomerization as compared with wild-type ASC complementation. Thus, these findings support cAbl kinase as a positive regulator of inflammasome activity and pyroptosis, likely via phosphorylation of ASC.
Understanding the Effect of Rotor-to-Rotor Interference on CH-47D Helicopter Dynamics
Authors: Guner Feyyaz , Miller David  G. , Prasad J. V. R.
Published: February 2021

During the development of the Boeing CH-47D helicopter flight simulation model, test pilots reported mismatch between the flight simulator results and flight test data of the hover and low-speed lateral axis handling qualities, especially for the case without the automatic flight control system. In addressing the observed mismatch, the gains of the longitudinal and lateral components of the inflow model were selected to be significantly higher than their theoretical values. In this study, a detailed understanding of the rotor-to-rotor inflow interference is pursued using a recently developed multi-rotor pressure potential superposition inflow model. It is shown that the coupling between the inflow gradients of individual rotors exists in a tandem rotor, which can be approximated by using higher values for the longitudinal and lateral inflow gains of individual rotors. Further, it is shown that the need for empirical tuning of aerodynamic hub moment influence factors can be eliminated by properly accounting for the rotor-to-rotor interference in the inflow model.
Editorial: La escritura y la religión en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Mansilla Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2021

El 2020 es uno de los años más complejos que hemos vivido en los últimos 50 años tanto como sociedad global, como personas y entorno familiar y laboral. Pese a eso, o debido a eso, se hizo más necesario pensar y escribir, mientras nos cuidábamos. En el ámbito académico, el (auto)cuidado se torna desigual en hombres y mujeres. Las mujeres académicas no sólo se dedican al ámbito académico desde “casa”, sino también a los “cuidados naturalizados”. Por otro lado, encontramos a los académicos que no disponen de plazas de trabajo o las tienen en condiciones de precariedad. También están aquellos, que se vieron saturados de trabajo, acompañando, incluso cuidando a sus estudiantes.
De Andrés Pérez Riobó y Chiyo Chida: Yokai. Monstruos y fantasmas en Japón
Authors: Castelli Olvera Azul Kikey
Published: February 2021

Pérez, A. y Chida, Ch. (2018). Yokai. Monstruos y fantasmas en Japón. Gijón: Satori Ediciones. España. 208 pp.
The history of the emergence and transmission of human coronaviruses
Authors: Mulabbi Elijah N. , Tweyongyere Robert , Byarugaba Denis K.
Published: February 2021

Human coronaviruses are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range of respiratory illnesses, and there are considerable morbidity and hospitalisation amongst immune-compromised individuals of all age groups. The emergence of a highly pathogenic human coronavirus in China in 2019 has confirmed the long-held opinion that these viruses are important emerging and re-emerging pathogens. In this review article, we trace the discovery and emergence of coronaviruses (CoVs) over time since they were first reported. The review article will enrich our understanding on the host range, diversity and evolution, transmission of human CoVs and the threat posed by these viruses circulating in animal populations but overtime have spilled over to humans because of the increased proximity between humans and animals.
Cup product on $A_\infty$-cohomology and deformations
Authors: Sharapov Alexey A. , Skvortsov Evgeny D.
Published: February 2021

We propose a simple method for constructing formal deformations of differential graded algebras in the category of minimal

A_\infty

-algebras. The basis for our approach is provided by the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on

A_\infty

-cohomology, which we define in terms of the brace operations. As an example, we construct a minimal

A_\infty

-algebra from the Weyl–Moyal

\ast

-product algebra of polynomial functions.
Психика и информационная безопасность в условиях пандемии: последствия для личности и государства
Authors: Kuzina Natalia V.
Published: February 2021

Пандемии относятся к числу социальных катастроф, провоцирующих панику, острое стрессовое и посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство, массовую агрессию, другие нарушения поведенческих реакций социума. Сила данных реакций связана с информационным воздействием на человека в период, когда в его психике оказываются актуализированы не поддающиеся рациональному контролю архаичные слои. Хотя угрозы пандемии еще не отступили, уже пришло время анализа информационных стратегий, усиливавших или дезактуализировавших ощущения неопределенности и витальной угрозы, возникавших в социуме. В исследовании были рассмотрены психологические защиты и копинг-стратегии, формы проявления агрессии и враждебности, актуальные в период пандемии. Произведена оценка русскоязычного интернет-контента апреля – августа 2020, затрагивающего проблематику пандемии COVID–19, с точки зрения социальной и информационной безопасности. Обсуждается также вопрос о приемах кибермошенничества и фишинга.

Констатируется эффективность доведения информации с использованием образа очевидца событий или эксперта. Реже эффективной для снижения социальной напряженности является позиция наблюдателя-журналиста. Социум при панике нуждается в образцах адаптивного поведения и директивах, снимающем страх юморе. Причиной паники и агрессии оказывается низкий уровень знаний населения, установка на ложный авторитет. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы специалистами в области информационной безопасности, государственными и муниципальными служащими, студентами и аспирантами, журналистским сообществом.
The Issue of Human Cloning: A Review in Semitic Religions’ Context
Authors: Kiyani Shazia , Munir Yasir
Published: February 2021

Human cloning has emerged as a new and innovative technology in the reproductive and therapeutic science in the recent past. So far it has not been practiced over human beings but owing to its huge potential and possible scope, it has attracted the attention of not only the masses (particularly the infertile couples and LGBTQs etc) but the other stakeholders including the religious scholars from worlds’ prominent religions have given their views on this technology in order to guide their followers. This paper examines and reviews the religious points of view on human cloning. For this purpose, three Semitic religions in the world i-e Judaism, Christianity, and Islām have been examined. As far as Islam is concerned, this portion has been divided into two broad sections elaborating the Shī‘ah and Sunnī schools’ opinions. Being an innovative topic, the religious teachings do not address it directly hence the injunctions related to the reproduction are most relevant to it. Three Semitic religions have been examined from the perspective of admissibility or non-admissibility of human cloning, the rationale behind the verdict on human cloning and the possible solutions to the issues and problems faced by the followers in the case of acceptance or rejection of this biomedical technology. Most of the religions emphasize over adaptability of the natural mode of reproduction only, where male and female genders contribute to the reproductive cycle. The Semitic religions reject the reproductive cloning generally. The religious experts need to conduct more focused and updated research before coming to any conclusion about the permissibility or non-permissibility of this technique.
Doing Family Research at the Jail: Reflections of a Prison Widow
Authors: Arditti Joyce
Published: February 2021

In this article, I reflect on my experience running a small family research project at a local jail. I focus on methodological and policy issues inherent in controversial research, as well as my own personal reactions to the criminal justice system. Implications of insider status are discussed as they apply to researcher stance and responsibilities in corrections settings.
The Researcher as Autobiographer: Analysing Data Written About Oneself
Authors: Tenni Colleen , Smith Anne , Boucher Carlene
Published: February 2021

This paper explores some of the issues that arise when one is dealing with data that has been produced by the researcher about their own experience. In particular, we are interested in exploring the ways that researchers can go about analyzing autobiographical data. Many researchers produce data that is autobiographical. Ethnographers produce field notes. Action Researchers often write about their own practice. Phenomenologists, sociologists and historians may write narratives that are autobiographical. There is a growing trend for researchers working in a range of settings to view themselves simultaneously being both a subject (or the subject) and a researcher. Data analysis techniques that work well when dealing with data about other people may not be as useful when one is working with one's own data. We will suggest a number of strategies that a researcher can employ to analyze such data including collaborative analysis, forms of grounded theory and alternative forms of representation such as poetry, art and drama. We will also discuss the use of frameworks such as particular psychodynamic theories, feminist theories and critical theories as ways of gaining additional insight from the analysis of the researcher's biographical writings.
Implementasi LMS Moodle Pada Tes Psikologi Online Tingkat SMA
Authors: Gamaliel Fritz
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menerapkan sistem ujian online sebagai alternatif dari sistem ujian yang sudah ada yaitu sistem ujian berbasis online menggunakan Quiz Creator. Penerapan sistem ujian sebelumnya memiliki kekurangan dalam hal merekap nilai peserta, dimana nilai hasil ujian tidak secara otomatis tersimpan pada komputer server sehingga hasil ujian perlu dicatat secara manual oleh pengawas ujian untuk melakukan perekapan hasil ujian. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka perlu penerapan ujian online sebagai sistem yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Aplikasi yang digunakan untuk ujian online adalah LMS Moodle, aplikasi tersebut selain dapat di akses melalui perangkat komputer juga dapat diakses melalui perangkat mobile. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat berjalan dengan baik. Sistem dapat menampilkan nilai berdasarkan hak akses pengguna dan dapat merekap nilai secara keseluruhan dari hasil ujian yang telah dilakukan oleh peserta.
Guadix y sus mujeres: promoción femenina en la arquitectura religiosa de la Edad Moderna
Authors: Hernández López María Encarnación
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza la participación de las mujeres en la promoción de arquitectura religiosa en la ciudad de Guadix durante el siglo XVI e inicios del XVII. Partiendo de diversa documentación de archivo y de bibliografía de la época, se ha recuperado su intervención en las distintas tipologías que conforman el ámbito de la arquitectura religiosa. En este contexto, se las ha documentado remodelando y promoviendo capillas dentro de la catedral e iglesias de esta ciudad, como fundadoras de colegios y conventos e, incluso, firmando contratos de obras; en este caso como parte de un proyecto más ambicioso.
Espiritualidad islámica y cristiana en España: influjos, semejanzas y paralelos
Authors: Medina Rojas Francisco de Borja
Published: February 2021

Dos culturas, la islámica y la cristiana, que en principio parecen antagónicas, debido al estrecho contacto que han mantenido en algunos momentos de la historia, nos presentan influencias mutuas. A lo largo de este breve ensayo intentaremos mostrar al lector unas breves muestras de ese intercambio entre ambas culturas, para que estas puedan servir de base a diálogos actuales, por lo que acabamos estableciendo cual es el estado de la cuestión, sobre esos paralelismos y semejanzas entre las mencionadas espiritualidades.
Penerapan Metode Ripple Down Rules Untuk Mendiagnosa Penyakit Hamster
Authors: Sundari Sri Putri
Published: February 2021

Hamsters are one of the many animals that are owned and are beginning to attract many people. Over time, hamsters began to be known as pets. Hamasters are also susceptible to disease. Diseases in hamsters and symptoms that cause very much, the problem now is not only need to know the cause of the disease but the important thing is to know quickly the disease suffered is also overcome so that the disease can be treated. Expert system which is one branch of artificial intelligence, capable of acting as experts in certain fields of study, researchers think animal health workers to help diagnose disease in hamsters as early as possible. The Ripple Down Rule (RDR) method is one method that has expert system inference / search capabilities and knowledge acquisition. By using RDR a system will be able to identify the disease as an expert with clinical symptoms such as input. The expert system for diagnosing disease in hamsters uses the Ripple Down Rules (RDR) method to explore the symptoms displayed in the form of questions in order to diagnose the type of hasmter's illness, to get results for treatment and to cure hasmter disease.
Sistem Informasi Lowongan Kerja di Kota Sampit Berbasis Web
Authors: Musfika Puput Nada , Rusda Depi
Published: February 2021

The need for information is very much needed in line with the rapid technological advances in modern times such as today, especially the use of computerized systems that propagate in all fields. So, every Human Resource (HR) must always be required to fulfill the expertise, skills and abilities in running a computer hardware or software. In the field of information delivery services to companies or agencies that require labor, such as those in Sampit City, Central Borneo, currently information is conveyed only through several media such as newspapers, magazines, and information obtained by word of mouth. This makes it difficult to find accurate information for job applicants, and for companies it is also difficult to find prospective employees in a time efficient manner because it is still done without an information system. With the development of information technology, it is necessary to provide an Information System to solve problems in delivering job information directly from companies. With this Information System, applicants will also find it easy to receive information, submit job application files, and take written tests online. And the company will get employees in an effective and time-efficient way, starting from the delivery of information, file selection, written tests and passing results from written tests that can be processed directly through this information system.