bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON CUTS IN ULTRAPRODUCTS OF LINEAR ORDERS II
Authors: GOLSHANI MOHAMMAD , SHELAH SAHARON
Published: May 2018

We continue our study of the class ${\cal C}\left( D \right)$, where D is a uniform ultrafilter on a cardinal κ and ${\cal C}\left( D \right)$ is the class of all pairs $\left( {{\theta _1},{\theta _2}} \right)$, where $\left( {{\theta _1},{\theta _2}} \right)$ is the cofinality of a cut in ${J^\kappa }/D$ and J is some ${\left( {{\theta _1} + {\theta _2}} \right)^ + }$-saturated dense linear order. We give a combinatorial characterization of the class ${\cal C}\left( D \right)$. We also show that if $\left( {{\theta _1},{\theta _2}} \right) \in {\cal C}\left( D \right)$ and D is ${\aleph _1}$-complete or ${\theta _1} + {\theta _2} > {2^\kappa }$, then ${\theta _1} = {\theta _2}$.
Between Liberalism and Democracy: Cossack-ThemedBelles-LettresinVormärzGalicia
Authors: Hen-Konarski Tomasz
Published: May 2018

At the turn of August and September of 1914, Galician Ukrainian volunteers formed the Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (Ukrains′ki Sichovi Stril′tsiorUkrainische Sitschower Schützen) as a unit separate from the simultaneously created Polish Legions.Sichreferred to the historical headquarters of the Zaporozhian Cossacks located on the Dnieper River. In photographs, however, the Sich Riflemen look like ordinary Austrian-Hungarian soldiers. There is nothing specifically “Cossack” about their appearance. In 1914, Sich simply stood for the military or paramilitary activity of young Ukrainian males. Every soldier in the Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen was now, by definition, a Sich man, a Cossack. The Cossack characteristics suggested by the term “Sich” had become inextricably linked with alleged Ukrainian martial valor.
The Effect of Monsoon Circulation on the Stable Isotopic Composition of Rainfall
Authors: Midhun M. , Lekshmy P. R. , Ramesh R. , Yoshimura Kei , Sandeep K. K. , Kumar Samresh , Sinha Rajiv , Singh Ashutosh , Srivastava Shalivahan
Published: May 2018

Understanding the factors that control the variability of oxygen isotopic ratios (δ18O) of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall (δ18Op) is of vital importance for the interpretation of δ18Op derived from climate proxies (e.g., speleothem and tree ring cellulose) of this region. Here we demonstrate the importance of moisture transport pathways on spatiotemporal variations of ISM δ18Op using a new set of daily observations from central and northern India and previously reported data aided by simulations from an isotope‐enabled General Circulation Model. 18O‐depleted rain events are characterized by a higher number of air parcel back trajectories through the Bay of Bengal branch of moisture transport, while those through the Arabian Sea branch are associated with 18O enriched rain events. This effect is observed on intraseasonal to interannual timescales in the long‐term observations at New Delhi as well. Thus, the shift in moisture transport regimes must be considered when interpreting δ 18Op from climate proxies of the ISM region.
Source Apportionment of Aerosol Ammonium in an Ammonia‐Rich Atmosphere: An Isotopic Study of Summer Clean and Hazy Days in Urban Beijing
Authors: Pan Yuepeng , Tian Shili , Liu Dongwei , Fang Yunting , Zhu Xiaying , Gao Meng , Wentworth Gregory R. , Michalski Greg , Huang Xiaojuan , Wang Yuesi
Published: May 2018

Aerosol ammonium (NH4+) can be a major component of fine particles, especially during severe haze episodes. The abatement of ammonia (NH3) emissions is important for reducing fine particles, but NH3 sources remain poorly constrained and are largely unregulated in China and most other regions. This study uses stable isotopes to interpret the role NH3 sources play in generating different sized NH4+ aerosols in Beijing between 21 June and 4 July 2013 with fine particle concentrations of 20–242 μg/m3. The concentrations and nitrogen stable isotope composition of aerosol NH4+ (δ15N‐NH4+) were both elevated during the five haze episodes that were sampled. These increases were driven by enhancements in the fine mode as opposed to substantial increases in the coarse mode aerosol. After accounting for the isotope fractionation that occurs during gas‐to‐particle partitioning (17.7‰ to 28.2‰), the “initial” (prepartitioning) δ15N‐NH3 values were estimated to be −35‰ for a clean period (i.e., a nonhazy day) and ranged from −14.3‰ to −22.8‰ for hazy days. Source apportionment using the “IsoSources” isotopic mixing model indicated that the dominant contribution to NH3 shifted from agricultural sources during the clean period (86%) to fossil fuel emissions (54%–81%) during hazy days and when back trajectories rotate from the northwest to the west and/or south. These results together suggest that even in summer, fossil fuel‐related sources from Beijing and the surrounding areas are the major source of NH3 during haze events and that controlling these sources may be important for alleviating particulate matter pollution.
Seasonal Drivers of Carbon Dioxide Dynamics in a Hydrologically Modified Subtropical Tidal River and Estuary (Caboolture River, Australia)
Authors: Jeffrey Luke C. , Santos Isaac R. , Tait Douglas R. , Makings Uriah , Maher Damien T.
Published: May 2018

Estuaries are dynamic hot spots for carbon cycling and atmospheric evasion. Here we assess the dynamics and drivers of CO2 in a hydrologically modified subtropical Australian estuary. Over 1 year, 10 high‐resolution spatial surveys of pCO2, radon, chromophoric dissolved organic matter, chlorophyll a, and physicochemical parameters were conducted from the estuary mouth to a weir located 25 km upstream. The riverine respiratory quotient revealed that processes besides water column respiration were driving high CO2 within the tidal river (salinity < 2) but not in the estuary (salinity > 2). Conservative mixing plots for pCO2 and 222Rn implied that groundwater may be a contributing source of CO2 during most surveys, but not during dry conditions. A multiple linear regression model explained 88% of the annual pCO2 variability, indicating that mixing, metabolism, temperature, and groundwater inputs were key drivers of CO2. Inputs from an upstream wastewater outfall potentially fuel observed seasonal algal blooms, resulting in the lowest daytime CO2 emissions periods. Postbloom surveys had the highest daytime CO2 emissions. The average tidal river CO2 atmospheric flux rate was 379 ± 53 mmol m−2 day−1. The average estuarine CO2 flux was 78 ± 17 mmol m−2 day−1, equating to 28 ± 6 mol m−2 yr−1. Although the tidal river surface area was ~10 times smaller than the estuary, about one third (35%) of the CO2 emissions were derived from the tidal river. Our results suggest that CO2 emissions along the tidal river‐estuary continuum are dynamic over small temporal and spatial scales and that a combination of hydrological and biological processes is a controlling factor of this variability.
A Phytoplankton Model for the Allocation of Gross Photosynthetic Energy Including the Trade‐Offs of Diazotrophy
Authors: Nicholson D. P. , Stanley R. H. R. , Doney S. C.
Published: May 2018

Gross photosynthetic activity by phytoplankton is directed to linear and alternative electron pathways that generate ATP, reductant, and fix carbon. Ultimately less than half is directed to net growth. Here we present a phytoplankton cell allocation model that explicitly represents a number of cell metabolic processes and functional pools with the goal of evaluating ATP and reductant demands as a function of light, nitrate, iron, oxygen, and temperature for diazotrophic versus nondiazotrophic growth. We employ model analogues of Synechoccocus and Crocosphaera watsonii, to explore the trade‐offs of diazotrophy over a range of environmental conditions. Model analogues are identical in construction, except for an iron quota associated with nitrogenase, an additional respiratory demand to remove oxygen in order to protect nitrogenase and an additional ATP demand to split dinitrogen. We find that these changes explain observed differences in growth rate and iron limitation between diazotrophs and nondiazotrophs. Oxygen removal imparted a significantly larger metabolic cost to diazotrophs than ATP demand for fixing nitrogen. Results suggest that diazotrophs devote a much smaller fraction of gross photosynthetic energy to growth than nondiazotrophs. The phytoplankton cell allocation model model provides a predictive framework for how photosynthate allocation varies with environmental conditions in order to balance cellular demands for ATP and reductant across phytoplankton functional groups.
Spatial Variability in Growth‐Climate Relationships of Amur Cork Tree (Phellodendron amurense) and Their Connections With PDO in Northeast China
Authors: Zhu Liangjun , Wang Xiaochun , Pederson Neil , Chen Zhenju , Cooper David J. , Zhang Yuandong , Li Zongshan
Published: May 2018

We used a dendrochronological approach to identify the spatial variability in growth‐climate relationships of Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense), using a network of 12 sites across its natural range in Northeast China. Results showed that the signal‐noise ratio, expressed population signal, and mean interseries correlations of the site chronologies decreased significantly with decreasing latitude. Correlation matrix, cluster, and rotated empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis all indicated that the 12 chronologies can be classified into two groups, the southern and northern chronologies. Minimum temperature (Tmin) was a major factor limiting Amur cork tree growth at regional scales. Almost all sites had positive correlations with monthly temperature, while correlation coefficients with precipitation were much lower than minimum temperature correlations, and only a few months (January, April, and July) were significant (p < 0.05). The positive effects of summer Tmin on tree growth were significantly decreased with increasing latitude (except BSL site), while positive effects of summer precipitation increased significantly with latitude and longitude and decreased significantly with altitude. The southern nine site chronologies (EOF‐1) were significantly positively correlated with the seasonal or annual Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index of the previous year and the current spring, while the northern three chronologies (EOF‐2) showed different relationships, which is consistent with the spatial relationship between PDO and local temperature. The spatial variability in growth‐climate relationships of Amur cork tree can be affected by PDO, which can modulate the spatiotemporal variation of spring onset, autumn termination, and the effective accumulated temperature by affecting local temperature.
Intrinsically Variable Blind Thrust Faulting
Authors: Gunderson Kellen L. , Anastasio David J. , Pazzaglia Frank J. , Kodama Kenneth P.
Published: May 2018

We propose that most fault slip rate variability across a range of time and spatial scales is due to intrinsic faulting processes, rather than extrinsic changes in surface loads or stress boundary conditions. This hypothesis is tested by comparing very high geologic resolution slip histories of blind thrust faults from three transects in the Northern Apennines, Italy. We investigated whether these slip histories document synchronous, or independent, behavior of the disconnected, blind thrust faults that core mountain front anticlines bordering the Po foreland. The slip history for these thrusts is reconstructed by applying forward structural modeling to deformed growth strata and fluvial terraces preserved on the limbs of the growing anticlines. We present a new age model using magnetostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy for a section of growth strata exposed in the Panaro River and supplement this with age models for two other published transects. The blind thrust fault at each transect exhibits variable slip behavior over the past 3 Myr, but for most of that time the variability was both asynchronous and independent of boundary condition changes, such as Plio‐Pleistocene sediment accumulation variability. However, a major deceleration in slip rates at all three locations is temporally coincident with the overfilling of the Po foreland beginning in the early Pleistocene. We attribute the deceleration to a switch from shortening on shallowly detached thrusts to shortening on a crustal‐scale basement‐involved fault. This switch has implications for the time and spatial scales at which extrinsic boundary conditions may contribute to deformation variability.
How Space Storms Affect the Satellite Superhighway
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: May 2018

A powerful numerical model reveals how space weather disturbs magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit.
Electron Scattering by Plasmaspheric Hiss in a Nightside Plume
Authors: Zhang Wenxun , Fu Song , Gu Xudong , Ni Binbin , Xiang Zheng , Summers Danny , Zou Zhengyang , Cao Xing , Lou Yuequn , Hua Man
Published: May 2018

Plasmaspheric hiss is known to play an important role in radiation belt electron dynamics in high plasma density regions. We present observations of two crossings of a plasmaspheric plume by the Van Allen Probes on 26 December 2012, which occurred unusually at the post‐midnight‐to‐dawn sector between L ~ 4–6 during a geomagnetically quiet period. This plume exhibited pronounced electron densities higher than those of the average plume level. Moderate hiss emissions accompanied the two plume crossings with the peak power at about 100 Hz. Quantification of quasi‐linear bounce‐averaged electron scattering rates by hiss in the plume demonstrates that the waves are efficient to pitch angle scatter ~10–100 keV electrons at rates up to ~10−4 s−1 near the loss cone but become gradually insignificant to scatter the higher energy electron population. The resultant timescales of electron loss due to hiss in the nightside plume vary largely with electron kinetic energy over 3 orders of magnitude, that is, from several hours for tens of keV electrons to a few days for hundreds of keV electrons to well above 100 days for >1 MeV electrons. Changing slightly with L‐shell and the multiquartile profile of hiss spectral intensity, these electron loss timescales suggest that hiss emissions in the nightside plume act as a viable candidate for the fast loss of the ≲100 keV electrons and the slow decay of higher energy electrons.
An Anisotropic Contrast in the Lithosphere Across the Central San Andreas Fault
Authors: Jiang Chengxin , Schmandt Brandon , Clayton Robert W.
Published: May 2018

Seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere and asthenosphere was investigated with a dense broadband seismic transect nearly orthogonal to the central San Andreas fault (SAF). A contrast in SK(K)S splitting was found across the SAF, with a clockwise rotation of the fast orientation ~26° closer to the strike of the SAF and greater delay times for stations located within 35 km to the east. Dense seismograph spacing requires heterogeneous anisotropy east of the SAF in the uppermost mantle or crust. Based on existing station coverage, such a contrast in splitting orientations across the SAF may be unusual along strike and its location coincides with the high‐velocity Isabella anomaly in the upper mantle. If the Isabella anomaly is a fossil slab fragment translating with the Pacific plate, the anomalous splitting east of the SAF could indicate a zone of margin‐parallel shear beneath the western edge of North America.
Human Water Use Impacts on the Strength of the Continental Sink for Atmospheric Water
Authors: Keune Jessica , Sulis Mauro , Kollet Stefan , Siebert Stefan , Wada Yoshihide
Published: May 2018

In the hydrologic cycle, continental landmasses constitute a sink for atmospheric moisture as annual terrestrial precipitation commonly exceeds evapotranspiration. Simultaneously, humans intervene in the hydrologic cycle and pump groundwater to sustain, for example, drinking water and food production. Here we use a coupled groundwater‐to‐atmosphere modeling platform, set up over the European continent, to study the influence of groundwater pumping and irrigation on the net atmospheric moisture import of the continental landmasses, which defines the strength of the continental sink. Water use scenarios are constructed to account for uncertainties of atmospheric feedback during the heatwave year 2003. We find that human water use induces groundwater‐to‐atmosphere feedback, which potentially weaken the continental sink over arid watersheds in southern Europe. This feedback is linked to groundwater storage, which suggests that atmospheric feedbacks to human water use may contribute to drying of watersheds, thereby raising water resources and socio‐economic concerns beyond local sustainability considerations.
Can Regional Climate Modeling Capture the Observed Changes in Spatial Organization of Extreme Storms at Higher Temperatures?
Authors: Li J. , Wasko C. , Johnson F. , Evans J. P. , Sharma A.
Published: May 2018

The spatial extent and organization of extreme storm events has important practical implications for flood forecasting. Recently, conflicting evidence has been found on the observed changes of storm spatial extent with increasing temperatures. To further investigate this question, a regional climate model assessment is presented for the Greater Sydney region, in Australia. Two regional climate models were considered: the first a convection‐resolving simulation at 2‐km resolution, the second a resolution of 10 km with three different convection parameterizations. Both the 2‐ and the 10‐km resolutions that used the Betts‐Miller‐Janjic convective scheme simulate decreasing storm spatial extent with increasing temperatures for 1‐hr duration precipitation events, consistent with the observation‐based study in Australia. However, other observed relationships of extreme rainfall with increasing temperature were not well represented by the models. Improved methods for considering storm organization are required to better understand potential future changes.
Interactions Between Suspended Kaolinite Deposition and Hyporheic Exchange Flux Under Losing and Gaining Flow Conditions
Authors: Fox Aryeh , Packman Aaron I. , Boano Fulvio , Phillips Colin B. , Arnon Shai
Published: May 2018

Fine particle deposition and streambed clogging affect many ecological and biogeochemical processes, but little is known about the effects of groundwater flow into and out of rivers on clogging. We evaluated the effects of losing and gaining flow on the deposition of suspended kaolinite clay particles in a sand streambed and the resulting changes in rates and patterns of hyporheic exchange flux (HEF). Observations of clay deposition from the water column, clay accumulation in the streambed sediments, and water exchange with the bed demonstrated that clay deposition in the bed substantially reduced both HEF and the size of the hyporheic zone. Clay deposition and HEF were strongly coupled, leading to rapid clogging in areas of water and clay influx into the bed. Local clogging diverted exchanged water laterally, producing clay deposit layers that reduced vertical hyporheic flow and favored horizontal flow. Under gaining conditions, HEF was spatially constrained by upwelling water, which focused clay deposition in a small region on the upstream side of each bed form. Because the area of inflow into the bed was smallest under gaining conditions, local clogging required less clay mass under gaining conditions than neutral or losing conditions. These results indicate that losing and gaining flow conditions need to be considered in assessments of hyporheic exchange, fine particle dynamics in streams, and streambed clogging and restoration.
Energetic Electron Injections Deep Into the Inner Magnetosphere: A Result of the Subauroral Polarization Stream (SAPS) Potential Drop
Authors: Lejosne Solène , Kunduri B. S. R. , Mozer F. S. , Turner D. L.
Published: May 2018

It has been reported that the dynamics of energetic (tens to hundreds of keV) electrons and ions is inconsistent with the theoretical picture in which the large‐scale electric field is a superposition of corotation and convection electric fields. Combining one year of measurements by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network, DMSP F‐18, and the Van Allen Probes, we show that subauroral polarization streams (SAPSs) are observed when energetic electrons have penetrated below L = 4. Outside the plasmasphere in the premidnight region, potential energy is subtracted from the total energy of ions and added to the total energy of electrons during SAPS onset. This potential energy is converted into radial motion as the energetic particles drift around Earth and leave the SAPS azimuthal sector. As a result, energetic electrons are injected deeper than energetic ions when SAPSs are included in the large‐scale electric field picture, in line with observations.
Seagrass Impact on Sediment Exchange Between Tidal Flats and Salt Marsh, and The Sediment Budget of Shallow Bays
Authors: Donatelli Carmine , Ganju Neil Kamal , Fagherazzi Sergio , Leonardi Nicoletta
Published: May 2018

Seagrasses are marine flowering plants that strongly impact their physical and biological surroundings and are therefore frequently referred to as ecological engineers. The effect of seagrasses on coastal bay resilience and sediment transport dynamics is understudied. Here we use six historical maps of seagrass distribution in Barnegat Bay, USA, to investigate the role of these vegetated surfaces on the sediment storage capacity of shallow bays. Analyses are carried out by means of the Coupled‐Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport (COAWST) numerical modeling framework. Results show that a decline in the extent of seagrass meadows reduces the sediment mass potentially stored within bay systems. The presence of seagrass reduces shear stress values across the entire bay, including unvegetated areas, and promotes sediment deposition on tidal flats. On the other hand, the presence of seagrasses decreases suspended sediment concentrations, which in turn reduces the delivery of sediment to marsh platforms. Results highlight the relevance of seagrasses for the long‐term survival of coastal ecosystems, and the complex dynamics regulating the interaction between subtidal and intertidal landscapes.
Moisture Supply From the Western Ghats Forests to Water Deficit East Coast of India
Authors: Paul Supantha , Ghosh Subimal , Rajendran K. , Murtugudde Raghu
Published: May 2018

The mountainous western coast of India, known as the Western Ghats, is considered to be a biodiversity hot spot, but it is under a constant threat due to human activities. The region is characterized by high orographic monsoon precipitation resulting in dense vegetation cover. Feedback of such a dense vegetation on the southwest monsoon rainfall is not yet explored. Here we perform regional climate simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model and find that evapotranspiration from the vegetation of Western Ghats contributes 25–40% of the southwest monsoon rainfall over the water‐deficit state of Tamil Nadu. This contribution reaches 50% during deficit monsoon years or dry spells within a season. Our findings suggest that recent deforestation in this area will affect not only the biodiversity of the region but also the water availability over Peninsular India, which is already impacted by water scarcity.
Collisional Heating of Interstellar Helium Flux at 1 AU
Authors: Gruntman Mike
Published: May 2018

Because of relative motion of the local interstellar medium (LISM) with respect to the Sun, the interstellar wind, interstellar neutral helium atoms enter the heliosphere. Instruments on the Ulysses and Interstellar Boundary Explorer spacecraft measured directional dependencies of intensities, or sky maps, of helium atoms and determined the interstellar wind velocity vector and temperature. The article focuses on heretofore unaccounted for heating of inflowing interstellar helium by elastic collisions with the solar wind ions and its effect on the LISM temperature obtained from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer‐type measurement. The calculations show that inferred LISM temperatures appear 175–270 K hotter than the actual interstellar gas due to collisions.
Deoxyribozyme-nanosponges for improved photothermal therapy by overcoming thermoresistance
Authors: Jin Yi , Liang Linna , Sun Xiaojing , Yu Guangshun , Chen Shizhu , Shi Shutang , Liu Huifang , Li Zhenhua , Ge Kun , Liu Dandan , Yang Xinjian , Zhang Jinchao
Published: May 2018

Thermoresistance shields cancer cells from damage by hyperthermia, decreasing the efficacy of photothermal therapy. Therefore, the design of photothermal therapeutic systems that avoid inducing thermoresistance is highly desirable for precision medicine. Herein, by simply assembling a cationic polymer and a long single strand of DNA encoded with multivalent deoxyribozyme (or DNAzyme) sequences, we have developed a sponge-like nanoplatform for highly efficient photothermal therapy that uses DNAzymes to overcome thermal resistance. The multivalent customized DNAzymes can catalytically cleave HSP70 mRNAs and downregulate the expression of their proteins, which protect MCF-7 cells from damage by hyperthermia. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the capability of this therapeutic platform to sensitize MCF-7 cells to heat by inhibiting the overexpression of HSP70. In addition, the nanoplatform can act as an efficient multimode imaging agent to trace its accumulation in tumor tissue.
Giant energy density and high efficiency achieved in bismuth ferrite-based film capacitors via domain engineering
Authors: Pan Hao , Ma Jing , Ma Ji , Zhang Qinghua , Liu Xiaozhi , Guan Bo , Gu Lin , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yu-Jun , Li Liangliang , Shen Yang , Lin Yuan-Hua , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: May 2018

Developing high-performance film dielectrics for capacitive energy storage has been a great challenge for modern electrical devices. Despite good results obtained in lead titanate-based dielectrics, lead-free alternatives are strongly desirable due to environmental concerns. Here we demonstrate that giant energy densities of ~70 J cm−3, together with high efficiency as well as excellent cycling and thermal stability, can be achieved in lead-free bismuth ferrite-strontium titanate solid-solution films through domain engineering. It is revealed that the incorporation of strontium titanate transforms the ferroelectric micro-domains of bismuth ferrite into highly-dynamic polar nano-regions, resulting in a ferroelectric to relaxor-ferroelectric transition with concurrently improved energy density and efficiency. Additionally, the introduction of strontium titanate greatly improves the electrical insulation and breakdown strength of the films by suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies. This work opens up a feasible and propagable route, i.e., domain engineering, to systematically develop new lead-free dielectrics for energy storage.
Supramolecular Kandinsky circles with high antibacterial activity
Authors: Wang Heng , Qian Xiaomin , Wang Kun , Su Ma , Haoyang Wei-Wei , Jiang Xin , Brzozowski Robert , Wang Ming , Gao Xiang , Li Yiming , Xu Bingqian , Eswara Prahathees , Hao Xin-Qi , Gong Weitao , Hou Jun-Li , Cai Jianfeng , Li Xiaopeng
Published: May 2018

Nested concentric structures widely exist in nature and designed systems with circles, polygons, polyhedra, and spheres sharing the same center or axis. It still remains challenging to construct discrete nested architecture at (supra)molecular level. Herein, three generations (G2−G4) of giant nested supramolecules, or Kandinsky circles, have been designed and assembled with molecular weight 17,964, 27,713 and 38,352 Da, respectively. In the ligand preparation, consecutive condensation between precursors with primary amines and pyrylium salts is applied to modularize the synthesis. These discrete nested supramolecules are prone to assemble into tubular nanostructures through hierarchical self-assembly. Furthermore, nested supramolecules display high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and negligible toxicity to eukaryotic cells, while the corresponding ligands do not show potent antimicrobial activity.
Author Correction: A mechanistic framework for auxin dependent Arabidopsis root hair elongation to low external phosphate
Authors: Bhosale Rahul , Giri Jitender , Pandey Bipin K. , Giehl Ricardo F. H. , Hartmann Anja , Traini Richard , Truskina Jekaterina , Leftley Nicola , Hanlon Meredith , Swarup Kamal , Rashed Afaf , Voß Ute , Alonso Jose , Stepanova Anna , Yun Jeonga , Ljung Karin , Brown Kathleen M. , Lynch Jonathan P. , Dolan Liam , Vernoux Teva , Bishopp Anthony , Wells Darren , von Wirén Nicolaus , Bennett Malcolm J. , Swarup Ranjan
Published: May 2018

The original version of this Article omitted the following from the Acknowledgements: ‘We also thank DBT-CREST BT/HRD/03/01/2002.’ This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Publisher Correction: Control of laser plasma accelerated electrons for light sources
Authors: André T. , Andriyash I. A. , Loulergue A. , Labat M. , Roussel E. , Ghaith A. , Khojoyan M. , Thaury C. , Valléau M. , Briquez F. , Marteau F. , Tavakoli K. , N’Gotta P. , Dietrich Y. , Lambert G. , Malka V. , Benabderrahmane C. , Vétéran J. , Chapuis L. , El Ajjouri T. , Sebdaoui M. , Hubert N. , Marcouillé O. , Berteaud P. , Leclercq N. , El Ajjouri M. , Rommeluère P. , Bouvet F. , Duval J. -P. , Kitegi C. , Blache F. , Mahieu B. , Corde S. , Gautier J. , Ta Phuoc K. , Goddet J. P. , Lestrade A. , Herbeaux C. , Évain C. , Szwaj C. , Bielawski S. , Tafzi A. , Rousseau P. , Smartsev S. , Polack F. , Dennetière D. , Bourassin-Bouchet C. , De Oliveira C. , Couprie M. -E.
Published: May 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the last sentence of the first paragraph of the Introduction and incorrectly read ‘A proper electron beam control is one of the main challenges towards the Graal of developing a compact alternative of X-ray free-electron lasers by coupling LWFA gigaelectron-volts per centimetre acceleration gradient with undulators in the amplification regime in equation 11, nx(n-β) x β: n the two times and beta the two times should be bold since they are vectorsin Eq. 12, β should be bold as well.’ The correct version is ‘A proper electron beam control is one of the main challenges towards the Graal of developing a compact alternative of X-ray free-electron lasers by coupling LWFA gigaelectron-volts per centimetre acceleration gradient with undulators in the amplification regime.’This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Evaluation of fronto-striatal networks during cognitive control in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and the effect of antipsychotic medication
Authors: Cadena Elyse J. , White David M. , Kraguljac Nina V. , Reid Meredith A. , Lahti Adrienne C.
Published: May 2018

To understand the mechanism of cognitive control dysfunction in schizophrenia, it is critical to characterize brain function without the confounding effect of medication. It is also important to establish the extent to which antipsychotic medication restores brain function and whether those changes are related to psychosis improvement. Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia, initially unmedicated and after a 6-week course of risperidone, and 20 healthy controls (HC) studied twice, 6 weeks apart, performed an fMRI task. We examined group and longitudinal differences in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), striatum, and midbrain functional activity during performance of a Stroop color task as well as activity patterns associated with improvement in psychosis symptoms. Unmedicated patients showed reduced functional activity in the ACC, striatum, and midbrain compared to HC. Post hoc contrasts from significant group-by-time interactions indicated that, in patients, drug administration was associated with both activity increases and decreases. In unmedicated patients, greater baseline functional activity in the striatum and midbrain predicted subsequent better treatment response. Greater changes in functional activity in ACC and ventral putamen over the course of 6 weeks positively correlated with better treatment response. Unmedicated patients show reduced activity in brain networks pivotal for cognitive control and medication is associated with functional changes in these regions. These results suggest a mechanism by which antipsychotic medication has a beneficial effect on cognition. Our results also support the notion that treatment response is determined by a combination of the baseline pattern of brain function and by the pharmacological modulation of these regions.
Observation of negative differential resistance in mesoscopic graphene oxide devices
Authors: Rathi Servin , Lee Inyeal , Kang Moonshik , Lim Dongsuk , Lee Yoontae , Yamacli Serhan , Joh Han-Ik , Kim Seongsu , Kim Sang-Woo , Yun Sun Jin , Choi Sukwon , Kim Gil-Ho
Published: May 2018

The fractions of various functional groups in graphene oxide (GO) are directly related to its electrical and chemical properties and can be controlled by various reduction methods like thermal, chemical and optical. However, a method with sufficient controllability to regulate the reduction process has been missing. In this work, a hybrid method of thermal and joule heating processes is demonstrated where a progressive control of the ratio of various functional groups can be achieved in a localized area. With this precise control of carbon-oxygen ratio, negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed in the current-voltage characteristics of a two-terminal device in the ambient environment due to charge-activated electrochemical reactions at the GO surface. This experimental observation correlates with the optical and chemical characterizations. This NDR behavior offers new opportunities for the fabrication and application of such novel electronic devices in a wide range of devices applications including switches and oscillators.
High light-quality OLEDs with a wet-processed single emissive layer
Authors: Singh Meenu , Jou Jwo-Huei , Sahoo Snehasis , S. S. Sujith , He Zhe-Kai , Krucaite Gintare , Grigalevicius Saulius , Wang Ching-Wu
Published: May 2018

High light-quality and low color temperature are crucial to justify a comfortable healthy illumination. Wet-process enables electronic devices cost-effective fabrication feasibility. We present herein low color temperature, blue-emission hazards free organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with very-high light-quality indices, that with a single emissive layer spin-coated with multiple blackbody-radiation complementary dyes, namely deep-red, yellow, green and sky-blue. Specifically, an OLED with a 1,854 K color temperature showed a color rendering index (CRI) of 90 and a spectrum resemblance index (SRI) of 88, whose melatonin suppression sensitivity is only 3% relative to a reference blue light of 480 nm. Its maximum retina permissible exposure limit is 3,454 seconds at 100 lx, 11, 10 and 6 times longer and safer than the counterparts of compact fluorescent lamp (5,920 K), light emitting diode (5,500 K) and OLED (5,000 K). By incorporating a co-host, tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA), the resulting OLED showed a current efficiency of 24.9 cd/A and an external quantum efficiency of 24.5% at 100 cd/m2. It exhibited ultra-high light quality with a CRI of 93 and an SRI of 92. These prove blue-hazard free, high quality and healthy OLED to be fabrication feasible via the easy-to-apply wet-processed single emissive layer with multiple emitters.
Impaired neural pathway in gastric muscles of patients with diabetes
Authors: Min Yang Won , Ko Eun-Ju , Lee Ji-Yeon , Rhee Poong-Lyul
Published: May 2018

To explore the pathogenic mechanism of diabetic gastropathy, we investigated differences in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) of gastric muscles from diabetic and non-diabetic (control) patients. Gastric specimens were obtained from 34 patients and 45 controls who underwent gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Using organ bath techniques, we examined peak and nadir values of contraction under EFS. To examine responses to purinergic and nitrergic inhibition without cholinergic innervation, atropine, MRS2500, and N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) were added sequentially to the organ bath. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was used to confirm that the responses to EFS were mediated via neural stimulation. In the absence of pharmacological agents, peak contraction amplitude was greater in non-diabetic controls compared to diabetics only in the distal longitudinal gastric muscles. However, the nadir was greater in controls than in patients in both proximal and distal gastric circular muscles. Addition of MRS2500 could not decrease the nadir in both controls and patients, both in the proximal and distal stomach. However, L-NNA completely reversed the relaxation. TTX had no further effect on nadir. In conclusion, impaired inhibitory nitrergic neural pathway in both proximal and distal stomach and impaired excitatory cholinergic neural pathway in the distal stomach may contribute to the pathogenic mechanism underlying diabetic gastropathy.
Next Generation Sequencing of urine exfoliated cells: an approach of prostate cancer microRNAs research
Authors: Guelfi Gabriella , Cochetti Giovanni , Stefanetti Valentina , Zampini Danilo , Diverio Silvana , Boni Andrea , Mearini Ettore
Published: May 2018

There is emerging evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation is involved in the genesis and the progression of Prostate Cancer (PCa), thus potentially increasing their use in urological clinical practice. This is the first pilot study which utilizes Illumina Deep Sequencing to examine the entire miRNAs spectrum existent in urine exfoliated prostate cells (UEPCs) of PCa patients. A total of 11 male patients with histological diagnosis of PCa were enrolled in the present study. First-catch urine (30 mL) was collected following a prostate massage. Total RNA was extracted from urine and sequenced using an HiSeq2500 System (Illumina). QPCR assay was used to validate the highest NGS results in PCA patients and in age-matched, caucasian men. Remarkably, PCA let-7 family was down-regulated (P < 0.01), compared to the controls. The results of our study support the notion of a relatively high diagnostic value of miRNA family for PCa detection, especially in the let-7 family. The present research confirmed the potential use of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in the diagnosis of PCa, potentially reducing the invasiveness of actual clinical strategy.
Controlling Indomethacin Release through Vapor-Phase Deposited Hydrogel Films by Adjusting the Cross-linker Density
Authors: Christian Paul , Tumphart Stephan , Ehmann Heike M. A. , Riegler Hans , Coclite Anna Maria , Werzer Oliver
Published: May 2018

Vapor-phase deposited polymer coatings are applied on thin indomethacin films to modify the drug release. Hydrogel-forming co-polymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were prepared directly on top of solution cast indomethacin thin films by initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD). This technique allows for solvent-free processing under mild conditions, thus minimizing a potential impact on the pharmaceutical. The drug release behavior, among other properties, was evaluated for polymers of different compositions and at different temperatures. The data show that the release kinetics can be tuned by several orders of magnitude as the cross-linker fraction is varied in the polymer coating. While uncoated indomethacin films were fully released within an hour, polymer coatings showed gradual liberation over several hours to days. Additional insight is gained from evaluating the experimental dissolution data in the framework of diffusive transport. The results of this study show that the iCVD technique has some promises for pharmaceutical technology, potentially allowing for tailored release behavior also for other drug systems.
Model-based and Model-free Machine Learning Techniques for Diagnostic Prediction and Classification of Clinical Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gao Chao , Sun Hanbo , Wang Tuo , Tang Ming , Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Müller Martijn L. T. M. , Herman Talia , Giladi Nir , Kalinin Alexandr , Spino Cathie , Dauer William , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Dinov Ivo D.
Published: May 2018

In this study, we apply a multidisciplinary approach to investigate falls in PD patients using clinical, demographic and neuroimaging data from two independent initiatives (University of Michigan and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center). Using machine learning techniques, we construct predictive models to discriminate fallers and non-fallers. Through controlled feature selection, we identified the most salient predictors of patient falls including gait speed, Hoehn and Yahr stage, postural instability and gait difficulty-related measurements. The model-based and model-free analytical methods we employed included logistic regression, random forests, support vector machines, and XGboost. The reliability of the forecasts was assessed by internal statistical (5-fold) cross validation as well as by external out-of-bag validation. Four specific challenges were addressed in the study: Challenge 1, develop a protocol for harmonizing and aggregating complex, multisource, and multi-site Parkinson’s disease data; Challenge 2, identify salient predictive features associated with specific clinical traits, e.g., patient falls; Challenge 3, forecast patient falls and evaluate the classification performance; and Challenge 4, predict tremor dominance (TD) vs. posture instability and gait difficulty (PIGD). Our findings suggest that, compared to other approaches, model-free machine learning based techniques provide a more reliable clinical outcome forecasting of falls in Parkinson’s patients, for example, with a classification accuracy of about 70–80%.
Author Correction: Endogenous Annexin-A1 Regulates Haematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilisation and Inflammatory Response Post Myocardial Infarction in Mice In Vivo
Authors: Qin Cheng Xue , Finlayson Siobhan B. , Al-Sharea Annas , Tate Mitchel , De Blasio Miles J. , Deo Minh , Rosli Sarah , Prakoso Darnel , Thomas Colleen J. , Kiriazis Helen , Gould Eleanor , Yang Yuan H. , Morand Eric F. , Perretti Mauro , Murphy Andrew J. , Du Xiao-Jun , Gao Xiao-Ming , Ritchie Rebecca H.
Published: May 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Overexpression of Cx43 in cells of the myocardial scar: Correction of post-infarct arrhythmias through heterotypic cell-cell coupling
Authors: Roell Wilhelm , Klein Alexandra M. , Breitbach Martin , Becker Torsten S. , Parikh Ashish , Lee Jane , Zimmermann Katrin , Reining Shaun , Gabris Beth , Ottersbach Annika , Doran Robert , Engelbrecht Britta , Schiffer Miriam , Kimura Kenichi , Freitag Patricia , Carls Esther , Geisen Caroline , Duerr Georg D. , Sasse Philipp , Welz Armin , Pfeifer Alexander , Salama Guy , Kotlikoff Michael , Fleischmann Bernd K.
Published: May 2018

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is the most common and potentially lethal complication following myocardial infarction (MI). Biological correction of the conduction inhomogeneity that underlies re-entry could be a major advance in infarction therapy. As minimal increases in conduction of infarcted tissue markedly influence VT susceptibility, we reasoned that enhanced propagation of the electrical signal between non-excitable cells within a resolving infarct might comprise a simple means to decrease post-infarction arrhythmia risk. We therefore tested lentivirus-mediated delivery of the gap-junction protein Connexin 43 (Cx43) into acute myocardial lesions. Cx43 was expressed in (myo)fibroblasts and CD45+ cells within the scar and provided prominent and long lasting arrhythmia protection in vivo. Optical mapping of Cx43 injected hearts revealed enhanced conduction velocity within the scar, indicating Cx43-mediated electrical coupling between myocytes and (myo)fibroblasts. Thus, Cx43 gene therapy, by direct in vivo transduction of non-cardiomyocytes, comprises a simple and clinically applicable biological therapy that markedly reduces post-infarction VT.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Varies by Birth Month in Canines
Authors: Boland Mary Regina , Kraus Marc S. , Dziuk Eddie , Gelzer Anna R.
Published: May 2018

The canine heart is a robust physiological model for the human heart. Recently, birth month associations have been reported and replicated in humans using clinical health records. While animals respond readily to their environment in the wild, a systematic investigation of birth season dependencies among pets and specifically canines remains lacking. We obtained data from the Orthopedic Foundation of Animals on 129,778 canines representing 253 distinct breeds. Among canines that were not predisposed to cardiovascular disease, a clear birth season relationship is observed with peak risk occurring in June-August. Our findings indicate that acquired cardiovascular disease among canines, especially those that are not predisposed to cardiovascular disease, appears birth season dependent. The relative risk of cardiovascular disease for canines not predisposed to cardiovascular disease was as high as 1.47 among July pups. The overall adjusted odds ratio, when mixed breeds were excluded, for the birth season effect was 1.02 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.047, p = 0.032) after adjusting for breed and genetic cardiovascular predisposition effects. Studying birth season effects in model organisms can help to elucidate potential mechanisms behind the reported associations.
Evaluation of WISP1 as a candidate gene for bone mineral density in the Old Order Amish
Authors: Wang Xing , Salimi Shabnam , Deng Zhongliang , Perry James , Ryan Kathleen A. , Li Zhizhen , Liu Dongfang , Streeten Elizabeth , Shuldiner Alan R. , Fu Mao
Published: May 2018

Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1) is a novel target of the Wnt pathway for modulating osteogenesis and improving bone strength. However, it is not clear if genetic variants in the WISP1 region are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in human. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of genetic variation in WISP1 gene as a determinant of BMD in 1,510 Old Order Amish (OOA). We performed regional association analysis of 58 tag variants within 5 kb upstream and downstream to WISP1 with BMD and found 5 variants that were associated with BMD at multiple skeletal sites (P values from 2.89 × 10−6 to 1.62 × 10−2), with some significant associations even after adjustment for multiple comparisons. To replicate these results in an independent dataset, we performed a look-up of BMD associations with these variants in European ancestry subjects from the large GEFOS Consortium and observed the nominal associations of two of these variants with BMD (P values: 0.031 to 0.048). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that genetic variants surrounding WISP1 are associated with BMD at multiple skeletal sites in the OOA, thus influencing osteoporosis risk. These results support a role for the WISP1 gene on influencing variation in BMD.