bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in turbidity with precipitation and flow in a regulated river system – river Göta Älv, SW Sweden
Authors: Göransson G. , Larson M. , Bendz D.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The turbidity variation in time and space is investigated in the downstream stretch of the river Göta Älv in Sweden. The river is heavily regulated and carries the discharge from the largest fresh water lake in Sweden, Lake Vänern, to the outflow point in Göteborg Harbour on the Swedish west coast. The river is an important waterway and serves as a fresh-water supply for 700 000 users. Turbidity is utilised as a water quality indicator to ensure sufficient quality of the intake water to the treatment plant. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the influence of rainfall, surface runoff, and river water flow on the temporal and spatial variability of the turbidity in the regulated river system by employing statistical analysis of an extensive data set. A six year long time series of daily mean values on precipitation, discharge, and turbidity from six stations along the river were examined primarily through linear correlation and regression analysis, combined with nonparametric tests and analysis of variance. The analyses were performed on annual, monthly, and daily bases, establishing temporal patterns and dependences, including; seasonal changes, impacts from extreme events, influences from tributaries, and the spatial variation along the river. The results showed that there is no simple relationship between discharge, precipitation, and turbidity, mainly due to the complexity of the runoff process, the regulation of the river, and the effects of Lake Vänern and its large catchment area. For the river Göta Älv, significant, positive correlations between turbidity, discharge, and precipitation could only be found during periods with high flow combined with heavy rainfall. Local precipitation does not seem to have any significant impact on the discharge in the main river, which is primarily governed by precipitation at catchment scale. The discharge from Lake Vänern determines the base level for the turbidity in the river, whereas local surface runoff and tributary discharge induced by rainfall govern the temporal variability in turbidity. Autocorrelation analysis indicates a temporal persistence in turbidity of about 10 days. The results also show that erosion along the main river, from the river bed and banks, is not a dominant contributor to the suspended sediment transport in the river under normal conditions. Further studies on the correlation between turbidity and suspended sediment transport and its relation to erosion processes are suggested.
Indirect downscaling of global circulation model data based on atmospheric circulation and temperature for projections of future precipitation in hourly resolution
Authors: Beck F. , Bárdossy A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Many hydraulic applications like the design of urban sewage systems require projections of future precipitation in high temporal resolution. We developed a method to predict the regional distribution of hourly precipitation sums based on daily mean sea level pressure and temperature data from a Global Circulation Model. It is an indirect downscaling method avoiding uncertain precipitation data from the model. It is based on a fuzzy-logic classification of atmospheric circulation patterns (CPs) that is further subdivided by means of the average daily temperature. The observed empirical distributions at 30 rain gauges to each CP-temperature class are assumed as constant and used for projections of the hourly precipitation sums in the future. The method was applied to the CP-temperature sequence derived from the 20th century run and the scenario A1B run of ECHAM5. According to ECHAM5, the summers in southwest Germany will become progressively drier. Nevertheless, the frequency of the highest hourly precipitation sums will increase. According to the predictions, estival water stress and the risk of extreme hourly precipitation will both increase simultaneously during the next decades.
The challenge of forecasting high streamflows in medium sized catchments 1–3 months in advance
Authors: Bennett J. C. , Wang Q. J. , Pokhrel P. , Robertson D. E.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Skilful forecasts of high streamflows a month or more in advance are likely to be of considerable benefit to emergency services and the broader community. This is particularly true for small-medium sized catchments (< 2000km2), where real-time warning systems are only able to give short notice of impending floods. In this study, we generate forecasts of high streamflows for the coming 1 month and coming 3 month periods using large-scale ocean/atmosphere climate indices and catchment wetness as predictors. Forecasts are generated with a combination of Bayesian joint probability modeling and Bayesian model averaging. High streamflows are defined as maximum single-day streamflows and maximum 5 day streamflows that occur during each 1 month or 3 month forecast period. Skill is clearly evident in the 1 month forecasts of high streamflows. Surprisingly, in several catchments positive skill is also evident in forecasts of large threshold events (exceedance probabilities of 25%) over the next month. Little skill is evident in forecasts of high streamflows for the 3 month period. We show that including climate indices as predictors adds little skill to the forecasts, and thus catchment wetness is by far the most important predictor. Accordingly, we recommend that forecasts may be improved by using accurate estimates of catchment wetness.
Experimental and numerical study on the design of a deposition basin outlet structure at a mountain debris cone
Authors: Gems B. , Wörndl M. , Gabl R. , Weber C. , Aufleger M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Mountain debris cones in the Alpine region often provide space for dense population and cultivation. Hence, a great number of buildings are exposed to torrential hazards. In order to protect the settlement areas against flooding and overbank sedimentation, torrent defence structures are implemented directly at the debris cones. In many cases, these protection measures include a deposition basin at the head of the debris cone and/or a confined channel that passes or tracks through the settlement. The work presented within this paper deals with the effect of specific outlet structure layouts, situated at the lower end of a selected deposition basin, on bed-load transport processes and flood protection. A case study analysis was accomplished comprising of a 3-D-numerical model (FLOW-3D) and a physical scale model test (1:30). The subject of investigation was the deposition basin of the Larsennbach torrent in the Austrian Northern Limestone Alps. The basin is situated on a large debris cone and opens out into a paved channel. Since the basin is undersized and the accumulation of sediment in the outlet section reduces the available cross section during floods, adjoining settlements are considerably endangered of lateral overtopping of both clear water and sediment. Aiming for an upgrade in flood protection, certain layouts for a "closing-off structure" at the outlet were tested within this project. For the most efficient design layout, its effect on flood protection, a continuous bed-load output from the basin and the best possible use of the retention volume are pointed out. The simple design of the structure and the key aspects, that have to be taken into consideration for implementation, are highlighted.
Wave-turbulence scaling in the ocean mixed layer
Authors: Sutherland G. , Ward B. , Christensen K. H.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Microstructure measurements were collected using an autonomous freely rising profiler under a variety of different atmospheric forcing and sea states in the open ocean. Here, profiles of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, ε, are compared with various proposed scalings. In the oceanic boundary layer, the depth dependence of ε was found to be largely consistent with that expected for a shear-driven wall layer. This is in contrast with many recent studies which suggest higher rates of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation in the near surface of the ocean. However, some dissipation profiles appeared to scale with the sum of the wind and swell generated Stokes shear with this scaling extending beyond the mixed layer depth. Integrating ε in the mixed layer yielded results that 1% of the wind power referenced to 10 m is being dissipated here.
Snow density climatology across the former USSR
Authors: Zhong X. , Zhang T. , Wang K.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Snow density is one of the basic properties used to describe snow cover characteristics, and it is a key factor for retrieving snow depth and snow water equivalent, which are critical for water resources assessment and modeling inputs. In this study, we used long-term data from ground-based measurements to investigate snow density climatology and its spatiotemporal variations across the former Soviet Union (USSR) from 1966 to 2008. The results showed that the long-term monthly mean snow density was approximately 0.194 ± 0.046 g cm−3 over the study area. The maximum and minimum monthly mean snow density was ∼ 0.295 g cm−3 in June, and 0.135 g cm−3 in October, respectively. Maritime snow had the highest monthly mean snow density, while taiga snow had the lowest. The higher values of monthly snow density were mainly located in the European regions of the former USSR, in Arctic Russia, and in some regions of the Russian Far East, and the lower snow density occurred in central Siberia. Significant increasing trends of snow density from September through June of the next year were observed, however, the rate of the increase varied with different snow classes. The long-term (1966–2008) monthly and annual mean snow densities had significant decreasing trends, especially during the autumn months. Spatially, significant positive trends in monthly mean snow density lay in the southwestern areas of the former USSR in November and December and gradually expanded in Russia from February through April. Significant negative trends mainly lay in the European Russia and the southern Russia. Snow density decreased with elevation, at about 0.004 g cm−3 per 100 m increase in elevation. This same relationship existed for all snow classes except for maritime and ephemeral snow.
Ichneumonid wasps from Madagascar. VI. The genus Pristomerus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae)
Authors: Rousse Pascal , Villemant Claire , Seyrig André
Published: July 2013

Pristomerus species of Madagascar are revised. We report 15 species, of which 12 are newly described: P. guinness sp. nov., P. hansoni sp. nov., P. kelikely sp. nov., P. keyka sp. nov., P. moramora sp. nov., P. melissa sp. nov., P. patator sp. nov., P. ranomafana sp. nov., P. roberti sp. nov., P. vahaza sp. nov., P. veloma sp. nov. and P. yago sp. nov. Pristomerus albescens (Morley) and P. cunctator Tosquinet are newly recorded from Madagascar and new host and/or distribution records are provided for this species. A dichotomous key to all species is provided. The zoogeographical relation of the Malagasy fauna of Pristomerus with respect to mainland Africa is discussed: only three of the 15 species are reported to occur outside of Madagascar, suggesting a high level of endemism in Madagascar which was not unexpected.
Escriure poesia al convent: entre la devoció i l’obediència. Primera aproximació a un manuscrit femení del segle XVIII
Authors: Zaragoza Verònica
Published: July 2013

Resum: El manuscrit que ens disposem a donar a conèixer és un tresor documental interessantíssim per abordar l’estudi dels usos poètics de les dones d’època moderna als territoris de parla catalana, no només pel nombre de composicions recuperades d’una mateixa autora (un total de 53 poesies espirituals, no catalogades i desconegudes fins ara) sinó perquè es tracta d’un dels pocs autògrafs femenins accessibles per a la recerca. La inexistència de treballs dedicats exclusivament a la poesia femenina d’època moderna al panorama català, ens obliga necessàriament a iniciar el treball amb una primera part introductòria dedicada a qu?estions relatives als usos poètics de les dones dels segles XVI-XVIII, tot centrant-nos en algunes autores de l’àmbit conventual, al qual pertany el manuscrit objecte d’estudi. En la segona part del treball, ens centrem particularment en l’anàlisi i estudi del manuscrit. Així doncs, en una primera aproximació, descrivim el contingut del quadern, íntegrament en castellà, que recull composicions de caire espiritual i devot, i esbossem les dades biogràfiques de l’autora, la religiosa dominica sor Eulària Teixidor. Tot partint dels interessants estudis apareguts en els darrers anys sobre la literatura conventual femenina, intentem vincular aquest manuscrit amb la variada producció monàstica escrita per nombroses religioses de l’època sota manament del confessor.Paraules clau: Estudis de gènere; Literatura femenina conventual; Poesia religiosa; Eulària Teixidor; ManuscritAbstract: The manuscript that we are presenting is a fascinating and highly valuable document to study the catalan women poetry in the Modern Age, not only because of the number of recovered pieces from the same author (53 unknown spiritual poems not yet catalogued), but also because it is one of the few feminine manuscripts accessible for research. The lack of works exclusively dedicated to the feminine poetry in the Catalan-speaking countries in the Modern Age compels us to start the work with some general considerations concerning poetical works of women in the 16th-18th centuries, focusing on the conventual literature, which the manuscript belongs to. As a first approximation, we describe the content of the manuscript, which is entirely written in Spanish, that includes spiritual and pious compositions and we provide some biographical information of the author, the dominican Sister Eulària Teixidor, so far undiscovered. Relying on the recent interesting studies published on Women’s Monastic Literature, we try to establish connections between this manuscript and the varied monastic literature, produced by numerous nuns in this period under the order of the confessor.Key words: Gender Studies; Women’s Monastic Literature; Religious Poetry; Eulària Teixidor; Manuscript
Ressenya a Mateu Rodrigo Lizondo, Catàleg dels pergamins de l’arxiu de la catedral de València 2a sèrie, València, Arxiu de la Catedral de València, 2012
Authors: Gandia Silvestre Marc
Published: July 2013

Ressenya a Mateu Rodrigo Lizondo, Catàleg dels pergamins de l’arxiu de la catedral de València 2a sèrie, València, Arxiu de la Catedral de València, 2012. ISBN 9788494010620
L’escriptura en femení a l’àmbit lingüístic català (segles XVI-XVIII). Presentació del monogràfic
Authors: Zaragoza Verònica
Published: July 2013

Presentació del monogràfic.Monographic introduction.
Stopping Criteria for Log-Domain Diffeomorphic Demons Registration
Authors: Peroni M. , Golland P. , Sharp G. C. , Baroni G.
Published: July 2013

A crucial issue in deformable image registration is achieving a robust registration algorithm at a reasonable computational cost. Given the iterative nature of the optimization procedure an algorithm must automatically detect convergence, and stop the iterative process when most appropriate. This paper ranks the performances of three stopping criteria and six stopping value computation strategies for a Log-Domain Demons Deformable registration method simulating both a coarse and a fine registration. The analyzed stopping criteria are: (a) velocity field update magnitude, (b) mean squared error, and (c) harmonic energy. Each stoping condition is formualted so that the user defines a threshold ∊, which quantifies the residual error that is acceptable for the particular problem and calculation strategy. In this work, we did not aim at assigning a value to e, but to give insights in how to evaluate and to set the threshold on a given exit strategy in a very popular registration scheme. Experi-ments on phantom and patient data demonstrate that comparing the optimization metric minimum over the most recent three iterations with the minimum over the fourth to sixth most recent iterations can be an appropriate algorithm stopping strategy. The harmonic energy was found to provide best trade-off between robustness and speed of convergence for the analyzed registration method at coarse registration, but was outperformed by mean squared error when all the original pixel information is used. This suggests the need of developing mathematically sound new convergence criteria in which both image and vector field information could be used to detect the actual convergence, which could be especially useful when considering multi-resolution registrations. Further work should be also dedicated to study same strategies performances in other deformable registration methods and body districts.
Wildfires and Human Health
Authors: Fadadu Raj P. , Solomon Gina , Balmes John R.
Published: July 2024

This JAMA Insights explores the adverse effects of wildfires on human health and health care systems and offers suggestions on how clinicians can help mitigate the health threats posed by wildfires.
Risks of Placental Abruption and Preterm Delivery in Patients Undergoing Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Zhang Jennifer T. , Lee Rachel , Sauer Mark V. , Ananth Cande V.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Patients using assisted reproductive technology (ART) may need additional counseling about the increased risks of placental abruption and preterm delivery. Further investigation into the potential additive risk of ART and placental abruption is needed.

Objective

To ascertain the risk of placental abruption in patients who conceived with ART and to evaluate if placental abruption and ART conception are associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery (<37 weeks’ gestation) over and above the risks conferred by each factor alone.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used data from the National Inpatient Sample, which includes data from all-payer hospital inpatient discharges from 48 states across the US. Participants included women aged 15 to 54 years who delivered from 2000 through 2019. Data were analyzed from January 17 to April 18, 2024.

Exposures

Pregnancies conceived with ART.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Risks of placental abruption and preterm delivery in ART conception compared with spontaneous conceptions. Associations were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs derived from weighted logistic regression models before and after adjusting for confounders. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of the risk of preterm delivery based on ART conception and placental abruption was also assessed.

Results

Of 78 901 058 deliveries, the mean (SD) maternal age was 27.9 (6.0) years, and 9 212 117 patients (11.7%) were Black individuals, 14 878 539 (18.9%) were Hispanic individuals, 34 899 594 (44.2%) were White individuals, and 19 910 807 (25.2%) were individuals of other races and ethnicities. Of the total hospital deliveries, 98.2% were singleton pregnancies, 68.8% were vaginal deliveries, and 52.1% were covered by private insurance. The risks of placental abruption among spontaneous and ART conceptions were 11 and 17 per 1000 hospital discharges, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the adjusted OR (AOR) of placental abruption was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.34-1.51) in ART pregnancies compared with spontaneous conceptions, with increased odds in White women (AOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.31-1.53) compared with Black women (AOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.93-1.44). The odds of preterm delivery were significantly higher in pregnancies conceived by ART compared with spontaneous conceptions (AOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.42-1.51). The risk of preterm delivery increased when patients had both ART conception and placental abruption (RERI, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.5-3.5).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, patients who conceived using ART and developed placental abruption had a greater risk of preterm delivery compared with spontaneous conception without placental abruption. These findings have implications for counseling patients who seek infertility treatment and obstetrical management of ART pregnancies.
Wild lions in small, fenced reserves in South Africa conform to a meta‐population
Authors: Selier Jeanetta , Miller Susan M. , Coverdale Brent , Ferreira Sam , Kruger Johan , Parker Dan M.
Published: July 2024

Lions (Panthera leo) are declining across their range, mainly due to human‐induced habitat fragmentation and prey depletion. However, the South African lion population continues to grow. Unlike other range states, South Africa actively manages wild lions across a continuum of landscapes and ecological constraints. Many of these lions are in small, fenced reserves where managers seek to mimic ecological processes in small landscapes. However, the effectiveness of this management approach has not been evaluated against meta‐population criteria.

Given that meta‐population dynamics allows species living in fragmented habitats to persist, we evaluated how South Africa's lion population complies with meta‐population criteria using national audit data between 2010 and 2019 from 49 fenced, wild lion reserves.

The small, fenced reserves holding wild lions fulfil the criteria for meta‐population functionality. However, this functionality was achieved through haphazard and uncoordinated management actions and not through a coordinated approach.

Our main recommendation is to consider implementing a more coordinated meta‐population management approach. At the very least, meta‐population management guidelines should be reviewed and updated on a regular basis, regular audits should be conducted and periodic genetic evaluation of the meta‐population (every 10 years) should be instituted. We recommend incentivising lion managers to enhance the conservation of lions in South Africa within a meta‐population framework. We also recommend a focus on improving decision making and policy procedures that facilitates compliance with relevant legislation aimed at achieving high levels of lion conservation‐governance efficiency.

South Africa's meta‐population approach to wild lion management in small, fenced reserves is effective at conserving lions and contributing to lion conservation more broadly. In an increasingly fragmented landscape, the need for human management actions to ensure persistence of large carnivores is likely to increase. A managed meta‐population approach of fenced (or unfenced, but geographically isolated) populations is a useful tool for conservationists to consider worldwide.
Global Economy
Authors: Beamish Rob
Published: July 2024

The important conceptual term “global economy” captures existing economic and social relationships. The debate over the historical existence of
a
or
the
global economy began in the 1970s, when sociologists, political economists, and economists critically examined the then dominant conceptual framework of
modernization theory
. The term “global economy” is most closely associated with the rise of theories and practices conceptualized as
globalization
. There are four predominant theoretical frameworks in the post‐World War II period that deal with the idea of a global economy: modernization theory, dependency theory, world‐systems theory, and globalization theory. Each is rooted in the empirical reality of the global economies that existed as they were formulated, and each is heavily influenced by larger theoretical frameworks.
Measuring Crime
Authors: Lohr Sharon L.
Published: July 2024

Crime statistics provide a measure of offenses against society. The set of offenses that are counted as crimes vary across time and jurisdictions, but standardized definitions promote consistency of measurement. Sources of crime data include court records, law enforcement agencies, surveys asking respondents about their experiences as victims or offenders, vital statistics programs, and emerging data sources such as social media and crowdsourcing. Each data source has its strengths and limitations, and a more complete picture of crime can be obtained by examining multiple sources. Major challenges include measuring crimes not currently captured by law enforcement agency statistics and surveys, and improving data quality.
Exploring Experiences of People With Knee Osteoarthritis Who Received a Physiotherapist‐Delivered Dietary Weight Loss and Exercise Intervention: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Lawford Belinda J. , Allison Kim , Nelligan Rachel , Campbell Penny , Hinman Rana S. , Jones Sarah E. , Pardo Jesse , Quicke Jonathan G. , Sumithran Priya , Prendergast Jodie , George Elena S. , Holden Melanie A. , Foster Nadine E. , Bennell Kim L.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Explore the experiences of people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who received a very low energy diet (VLED) and exercise program from a physiotherapist.

Methods

Mixed methods study involving questionnaires (n = 42) and semistructured interviews (n = 22) with randomized control trial participants with knee OA who had received a 6‐month physiotherapist‐delivered VLED weight loss and exercise intervention. Questionnaires measured participant satisfaction and perceptions about physiotherapist's skills/knowledge in delivery of the dietary intervention (measured on 5–7 point Likert scales). Interviews explored participant's experiences and were analyzed based on the principles of reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Questionnaire response: 90%. Participants were satisfied with the program (95%), confident their physiotherapist had the required skills (84%) and knowledge (79%) to deliver the dietary intervention, felt comfortable talking to the physiotherapist about weight (74%), and would recommend others see a physiotherapist for the intervention they undertook (71%). The following four themes were developed from the interviews: (1) one‐stop‐shop of exercise and diet; (2) physiotherapist‐delivered weight loss works (unsure initially; successfully lost weight); (3) physiotherapists knowledge and skills (exercise is forte; most thought physiotherapists had the necessary weight loss skills/knowledge, but some disagreed); and (4) physiotherapists have a role in weight loss (physiotherapists are intelligent, credible, and trustworthy; specific training in weight loss necessary).

Conclusion

This study provides, to our knowledge, the first documented perspectives from people with OA who have received a physiotherapist‐delivered weight loss intervention. Findings suggest physiotherapists may have a role in delivering a protocolized dietary intervention for some people with knee OA with overweight and obesity.
Effects of Zr, Al, and Al+Zr Addition on Phase Evolution Characteristics and Strengthening Mechanisms of Fe‐42Ni‐2Y2O3 Oxide Dispersion Strengthening Steels Developed by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Arora Arpan , Mula Suhrit
Published: July 2024

In the present study, Fe‐42 wt% Ni‐2 wt% Y2O3 super‐invar‐based steels have been explored to study the effects of Zr, Al, and Zr+Al addition on phase evolution, strengthening mechanisms, and mechanical behavior. Three different compositions, such as Fe‐42Ni‐2Y2O3‐2Zr (2YZr), Fe‐42Ni‐2Y2O3‐2Al (2YAl), and Fe‐42Ni‐2Y2O3‐2Zr‐2Al (2YAlZr), are developed by mechanical alloying (MA) followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1100 °C with an applied pressure of 60 MPa. The 2YZr alloy after SPS shows the evolution of a uniform grain size of ≈1.7 μm, whereas 2YAl reveals the formation of bimodal grain structure sintered under the same condition. Conversely, the combined effect of Al and Zr addition results in the evolution of ultrafine grained structure (≈380 nm) after SPS at the same condition (i.e., at 1100 °C). The superior mechanical strength of the 2YAlZr alloy (5.3 GPa/1415 MPa) is attributed to the evolution of uniformly dispersed extremely fine (60 nm) high‐density Al‐ and Zr‐rich oxide complexes in the ultrafine grained matrix. The analysis of strengthening contributions to the yield strength is found to be correlated well with the experimental results and attributed to the morphology of microstructural constituents, their stability, and volume fraction of dispersoids in the matrix.
Charting a Path to Tumor Therapy: Mastery of Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks for Precise Spatiotemporal Control
Authors: Gao Renchi , Xu Tianxing , Wang Zhao , Ren Hong‐Xia , Zhang Gonghao , Zhao Yang , Tay Andy , Miao Yang‐Bao
Published: July 2024

The field of drug delivery has significantly advanced tumor therapy, yet challenges such as the predictability of treatment outcomes and the real‐time monitoring of tumor progression, such as recurrence or metastasis. Luminescent metal–organic frameworks (L‐MOFs) are a promising solution to overcome these issues. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the design and synthesis of L‐MOFs, presenting their crucial optical properties. The review highlights the pivotal role of L‐MOFs in enabling precision medicine for tumor treatment driven by their performance. Through strategically harnessing light‐manipulated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), real‐time therapeutic monitoring and precise spatiotemporal control in tumor treatment can be achieved. Moreover, this review meticulously examines the influence of photomanipulating MOFs on in situ drug synthesis, introducing the catalytic role in light‐manipulated gas therapy. Additionally, the role of L‐MOFs as gene therapy vectors that utilize light to trigger gene expression responses is also comprehensively explored in the article, aiming to highlight their role in enabling tumor therapy through gene therapy. The review concludes by proposing an artificial intelligence (AI)‐mediated blueprint for tumor treatment with L‐MOFs, aiming to pave the way for innovative approaches through light manipulation.
Protosappanin A Protects DOX‐Induced Myocardial Injury and Cardiac Dysfunction by Targeting ACSL4/FTH1 Axis‐Dependent Ferroptosis
Authors: Cui Jingxuan , Chen Yujia , Yang Qiannan , Zhao Peng , Yang Mian , Wang Xiaoqi , Mang Ge , Yan Xiangyu , Wang Di , Tong Zhonghua , Wang Penghe , Kong Yingjin , Wang Naixin , Wang Dongni , Dong Nana , Liu Mingyang , E Mingyan , Zhang Maomao , Yu Bo
Published: July 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer agent, but its clinical utility is constrained by dose‐dependent cardiotoxicity, partly due to cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. However, the progress of developing cardioprotective medications to counteract ferroptosis has encountered obstacles. Protosappanin A (PrA), an anti‐inflammatory compound derived from hematoxylin, shows potential against DOX‐induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Here, it is reported that PrA alleviates myocardial damage and dysfunction by reducing DOX‐induced ferroptosis and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Subsequently, the molecular target of PrA through proteome microarray, molecular docking, and dynamics simulation is identified. Mechanistically, PrA physically binds with ferroptosis‐related proteins acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), ultimately inhibiting ACSL4 phosphorylation and subsequent phospholipid peroxidation, while also preventing FTH1 autophagic degradation and subsequent release of ferrous ions (Fe2+) release. Given the critical role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury, this further investigation posits that PrA can confer a protective effect against IR‐induced cardiac damage by inhibiting ferroptosis. Overall, a novel pharmacological inhibitor is unveiled that targets ferroptosis and uncover a dual‐regulated mechanism for cardiomyocyte ferroptosis in DIC, highlighting additional therapeutic options for chemodrug‐induced cardiotoxicity and ferroptosis‐triggered disorders.
Metal‐Doping Strategy for Carbon‐Based Sonosensitizer in Sonodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Cheng Mingming , Liu Yan , You Qiannan , Lei Zhubing , Ji Jiajian , Zhang Fan , Dong Wen‐Fei , Li Li
Published: July 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and known for its challenging prognosis. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an innovative therapeutic approach that shows promise in tumor elimination by activating sonosensitizers with low‐intensity ultrasound. In this study, a novel sonosensitizer is synthesized using Cu‐doped carbon dots (Cu‐CDs) for the sonodynamic treatment of GBM. Doping with copper transforms the carbon dots into a p–n type semiconductor having a bandgap of 1.58 eV, a prolonged lifespan of 10.7 µs, and an improved electron‐ and hole‐separation efficiency. The sonodynamic effect is efficiency enhanced. Western blot analysis reveals that the Cu‐CDs induces a biological response leading to cell death, termed as cuproptosis. Specifically, Cu‐CDs upregulate dihydrosulfanyl transacetylase expression, thereby establishing a synergistic therapeutic effect against tumor cell death when combined with SDT. Furthermore, Cu‐CDs exhibit excellent permeability through the blood‐brain barrier and potent anti‐tumor activity. Importantly, the Cu‐CDs effectively impede the growth of glioblastoma tumors and prolong the survival of mice bearing these tumors. This study provides support for the application of carbon‐based nanomaterials as sonosensitizers in tumor therapy.
De Novo Synthesis of α‐Ketoamides via Pd/TBD Synergistic Catalysis
Authors: Chen Jia‐He , Zhang Li‐Ren , Wang Zhang‐Yang , Liu Lu‐Jie , Tu Li‐Ping , Zhang Yun , Chen Yong‐Zheng , Han Wen‐Yong
Published: July 2024

Precisely controlling the product selectivity of a reaction is an important objective in organic synthesis. α‐Ketoamides are vital intermediates in chemical transformations and privileged motifs in numerous drugs, natural products, and biologically active molecules. The selective synthesis of α‐ketoamides from feedstock chemicals in a safe and operationally simple manner under mild conditions is a long‐standing catalysis challenge. Herein, an unprecedented TBD‐switched Pd‐catalyzed double isocyanide insertion reaction for assembling ketoamides in aqueous DMSO from (hetero)aryl halides and pseudohalides under mild conditions is reported. The effectiveness and utility of this protocol are demonstrated by its diverse substrate scope (93 examples), the ability to late‐stage modify pharmaceuticals, scalability to large‐scale synthesis, and the synthesis of pharmaceutically active molecules. Mechanistic studies indicate that TBD is a key ligand that modulates the Pd‐catalyzed double isocyanide insertion process, thereby selectively providing the desired α‐ketoamides in a unique manner. In addition, the imidoylpalladium(II) complex and α‐ketoimine amide are successfully isolated and determined by X‐ray analysis, confirming that they are probable intermediates in the catalytic pathway.
Hydrophobic Microenvironment Modulation of Ru Nanoparticles in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction
Authors: Wen Lulu , Liu Xiaoshuo , Li Xinyang , Zhang Hanlin , Zhong Shichuan , Zeng Pan , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Hu Xiaoye , Cai Weiping , Li Yue
Published: July 2024

The modulation of the chemical microenvironment surrounding metal nanoparticles (NPs) is an effective means to enhance the selectivity and activity of catalytic reactions. Herein, a post‐synthetic modification strategy is developed to modulate the hydrophobic microenvironment of Ru nanoparticles encapsulated in a metal–organic framework (MOF), MIP‐206, namely Ru@MIP‐Fx (where x represents perfluoroalkyl chain lengths of 3, 5, 7, 11, and 15), in order to systematically explore the effect of the hydrophobic microenvironment on the electrocatalytic activity. The increase of perfluoroalkyl chain length can gradually enhance the hydrophobicity of the catalyst, which effectively suppresses the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Moreover, the electrocatalytic production rate of ammonia and the corresponding Faraday efficiency display a volcano‐like pattern with increasing hydrophobicity, with Ru@MIP‐F7 showing the highest activity. Theoretical calculations and experiments jointly show that modification of perfluoroalkyl chains of different lengths on MIP‐206 modulates the electronic state of Ru nanoparticles and reduces the rate‐determining step for the formation of the key intermediate of N2H2*, leading to superior electrocatalytic performance.
Sub‐Micron Replication of Fused Silica Glass and Amorphous Metals for Tool‐Based Manufacturing
Authors: Kluck Sebastian , Prediger Richard , Hambitzer Leonhard , Nekoonam Niloofar , Dreher Franziska , Luitz Manuel , Lunzer Markus , Worgull Matthias , Schneider Marc , Rapp Bastian E. , Kotz‐Helmer Frederik
Published: July 2024

The growing importance of submicrometer‐structured surfaces across a variety of different fields has driven progress in light manipulation, color diversity, water‐repellency, and functional enhancements. To enable mass production, processes like hot‐embossing (HE), roll‐to‐roll replication (R2R), and injection molding (IM) are essential due to their precision and material flexibility. However, these processes are tool‐based manufacturing (TBM) techniques requiring metal molds, which are time‐consuming and expensive to manufacture, as they mostly rely on galvanoforming using templates made via precision microlithography or two‐photon‐polymerization (2PP). In this work, a novel approach is demonstrated to replicate amorphous metals from fused silica glass, derived from additive manufacturing and structured using hot embossing and casting, enabling the fabrication of metal insets with features in the range of 300 nm and a surface roughness of below 10 nm. By partially crystallizing the amorphous metal, during the replication process, the insets gain a high hardness of up to 800 HV. The metal molds are successfully used in polymer injection molding using different polymers including polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) as well as glass nanocomposites. This work is of significant importance to the field as it provides a production method for the increasing demand for sub‐micron‐structured tooling in the area of polymer replication while substantially reducing their cost of production.
Structures, magnetism, and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of azidoisophthalate bridging Cu(II) and Co(II) coordination polymers
Authors: Ahmed Sabir , Sarkar Koushik , Samanta Arnab , Sinha Chittaranjan
Published: July 2024

Two newly derived coordination polymers of Cu(II) and Co(II), namely {[Cu(μ‐5‐AzIA)(Py)2]⋅[Cu(5‐AzIA)(Py)2(H2O)]}n (CP1) and {[Co(μ‐5‐AzIA)2(Py)4]⋅[Co(5‐AzIA)(Py)2]}n (CP2) (5‐AzIA2− = 5‐azidoisophthalate; Py = pyridine) are synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared data. As evident from thermogravimetric data, CP1 loses coordinated water at 110°C and the final residue reaches at 530°C as CuO; CP2 is stable up to 150°C, and the final residue reaches at 415°C as Co2O3. 5‐AzIA2− serves as both chelating and monodentate carboxylate bridging ligand to the adjacent metal centers (Cu(II) in CP1 and Co(II) in CP2) to construct the CPs. The CPs form eight‐member carboxylato bridging, [M2(RCOO)2], and coordinate with Py rings and assemblage through π‐‐‐π interaction. The magnetic measurements of the CPs show antiferromagnetic super‐exchange properties. Interestingly, CP2 shows field‐induced magnetic ordering at a higher magnetic field at a temperature  ̴ 2 K owing to the π•••π stacking between the flagging pyridine moieties. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) shows excellent catalytic effectiveness of CP2 than CP1 with reference to standard RuO2 catalyst. The comparative catalytic activity of CP1 and CP2 was thoroughly investigated and well supported by Tafel slope, charge‐transfer resistance (Rct), and electrochemically active surface area calculation.
Utilization of an optimized AlphaFold protein model for structure‐based design of a selective HDAC11 inhibitor with anti‐neuroblastoma activity
Authors: Baselious Fady , Hilscher Sebastian , Hagemann Sven , Tripathee Sunita , Robaa Dina , Barinka Cyril , Hüttelmaier Stefan , Schutkowski Mike , Sippl Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

AlphaFold is an artificial intelligence approach for predicting the three‐dimensional (3D) structures of proteins with atomic accuracy. One challenge that limits the use of AlphaFold models for drug discovery is the correct prediction of folding in the absence of ligands and cofactors, which compromises their direct use. We have previously described the optimization and use of the histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) AlphaFold model for the docking of selective inhibitors such as FT895 and SIS17. Based on the predicted binding mode of FT895 in the optimized HDAC11 AlphaFold model, a new scaffold for HDAC11 inhibitors was designed, and the resulting compounds were tested in vitro against various HDAC isoforms. Compound 5a proved to be the most active compound with an IC50 of 365 nM and was able to selectively inhibit HDAC11. Furthermore, docking of 5a showed a binding mode comparable to FT895 but could not adopt any reasonable poses in other HDAC isoforms. We further supported the docking results with molecular dynamics simulations that confirmed the predicted binding mode. 5a also showed promising activity with an EC50 of 3.6 µM on neuroblastoma cells.
Fixed‐time adaptive event‐triggered fault‐tolerant control of nonlinear systems with actuator failures
Authors: Chen Qi , Wu Li‐Bing , Chen Ming , Liu Ming‐Rui
Published: July 2024

The problem of fixed‐time adaptive event‐triggered fault‐tolerant control (FTC) is investigated for a class of nonlinear systems with actuator failures in this paper. Firstly, by utilizing back‐stepping algorithm and the fixed‐time stable criterion, a novel fixed‐time adaptive fault‐tolerant controller and parameter updated laws in forms of nonlinear differential equations are developed to counteract actuator faults and parameter uncertainties in fixed time. Then, the event‐triggered mechanism based on the relative threshold method is applied to the proposed control scheme to save network resources. Furthermore, by the Lyapunov stability theory, it can be proven that all the closed‐loop signals of system remain bounded, and the tracking error converges into a small neighborhood of the origin within fixed time interval. Finally, the simulation examples are shown to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the presented strategy.
The board must make its own decisions
Authors: Williams Rick
Published: July 2024

Rick Williams is a leadership expert and founder and managing director of Boston‐based consulting firm Williams Advisory Partners. In this article, he discusses the importance of an independent board exercising its own judgment in decision‐making.
Exploring Impurity Effects and Catalyst Surface Features in Furfural Electroreduction for Jet Fuel Precursor Production: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Insights
Authors: Rabet Sahar , Tobaschus Willi , Chung Gaseng , Gimpel Thomas , Raabe Gabriele , Schröder Daniel , Munirathinam Balakrishnan
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the impact of laser‐structuring of lead electrodes on the selectivity and production rate of hydrofuroin, a valuable jet fuel precursor derived from furfural (FF). Laser structuring of electrodes led to a slight enhancement in hydrofuroin selectivity, along with an improved production rate, suggesting promising advancements in electrosynthesis methodologies. The addition of acetic acid as an impurity did not significantly affect the selectivity or the production rate. This finding indicates that the catalytic activity of the electrode surface was not diminished by this impurity. Analysis via high‐performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of two isomers of hydrofuroin, indicating a complex reaction pathway. Combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulations indicated inner sphere adsorption of FF and H+ ions and outer sphere dimerization reaction to form hydrofuroin. These findings offer insights into surface morphology, adsorption, and reaction pathways, guiding future optimization of catalytic systems for sustainable chemical synthesis.
Fractional Jaya election‐based optimization enabled routing and charge scheduling for electric vehicle in cloud‐assisted Vehicular Ad Hoc NETwork
Authors: Pushparajan Ramesh , Devaraj Tamilarasi , Balaji Damodhar Timiri Sonachalam , Kannan Chandrasekaran
Published: July 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the emerging environmentally friendly approach that is used to minimize greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. A clear strategy is required for scheduling charging stations (CS) to EVs based on their applications. In this research work, a robust routing and effective charge scheduling approach are devised using a cloud‐assisted Vehicular Ad Hoc NETwork (VANET) for charging EVs. Here, the multi‐objectives, like predicted traffic density, battery power, and distance, are used to identify the optimal routing of EV to CS. The predicted traffic density is evaluated using Deep Long Short Term Memory (DLSTM) and is trained using a developed Jaya Election‐Based Optimization Algorithm (JEBOA), which is the incorporation of Jaya Optimization (Jaya) and Election‐Based Optimization Algorithm (EBOA). Next to optimal routing, the charge scheduling process is carried out using the Fractional Jaya Election‐Based Optimization Algorithm (Fractional JEBOA) by considering the priority, response time, and latency of the EV. The designed Fractional JEBOA is the integration of Fractional Calculus (FC) and the developed JEBOA. Moreover, the various evaluation metrics are considered to calculate the performance of the designed method, which attained a delay of 0.243 ms, distance of 35 km, power of 95 W, response time of 0.441 s and traffic density of 0.664.
Characteristics of the immune environment in prostate cancer as an adjunct to immunotherapy
Authors: Yin Xinhai , Wu Yadong , Song Jukun
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts an important role in carcinogenesis and progression. Several investigations have suggested that immune cell infiltration (ICI) is of high prognostic importance for tumor progression and patient survival in many tumors, particularly prostate cancer. The pattern of immune infiltration of PCa, on the other hand, has not been thoroughly understood.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets on PCa were obtained, and several datasets were merged into one data set using the “ComBat” algorithm. The ICI profiles of PCa patients were then to be uncovered by two computer techniques. The unsupervised clustering method was utilized to identify three ICI patterns in tumor samples, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to estimate the ICI score.

Results

Three different clusters of three ICIs were identified in 1341 PCa samples, which also correlated with different clinical features/characteristics and biological pathways. Patients with PCa are classified into high and low subtypes based on the ICI scores extracted from immune‐associated signature genes. High ICI score subtypes are associated with a worse prognosis, which may intrigue the activation of cancer‐related and immune‐related pathways such as pathways involving Toll‐like receptors, T‐cell receptors, JAK‐STAT, and natural killer cells. The ICI score was linked to tumor mutation load and immune/cancer‐relevant signaling pathways, which explain prostate cancer's poor prognosis.

Conclusion

The findings of this study not only advanced our knowledge of the mechanism of immune response in the prostate tumor microenvironment but also provided a novel biomarker, that is, the ICI score, for disease prognosis and guiding precision immunotherapy.