bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of remote sensing and GIS for temporal dynamics of land use and land cover changes in 2013-2018 for watershed protection
Authors: Muhlis  , Fatmawati  , Rahim Iradhatullah , Syamsia
Published: May 2020

In the past decade, various environmental problems have emerged related to land resources. The facts show that the rate of degradation of land resources and the decline in environmental quality in Indonesia have recently increased and have not shown signs of decline. The degradation of land resources and environmental quality need to be taken seriously so that increasingly serious environmental problems can be avoided. The purpose of this study is to determine the temporal dynamics of watershed land cover in Sinjai Regency and analysed the effect of land cover changing on the in protection function index of the Sinjai watershed in the year 2013 to 2018. Research was using quantitative research. This research is closely related to the enumerative induction process (induction based on calculations). The main causes of landslides in Sinjai Regency consist of rainfall, slope, and land cover. Part of the level of potential landslides based on rainfall is divided into low classes with a range of 2000-2500 mm rainfall, areas scattered in Sinjai Bulupoddo Regency, North Sinjai, parts of North Central Sinjai Regency and Northeast Sinjai District. While the area is located in the class of landslide potential, namely in the range of rainfall 2500 mm - 3000 mm, the potential for the spread of northern Sinjai, West Sinjai, Central Sinjai Regency, Sinjai District, East, and South Sinjai.
Evaluation on growth and production of convergent breeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes adaptive to lowland
Authors: Rafiuddin  , Amin A R , Nur A , Farid M , Sari A T I
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to determine the genotype of wheat from a convergent breeding program that adaptive to lowland and produce high yield, and determine the parameters with high heritability. The study was conducted at the Screen House of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI), Maros Regency from October 2017 to February 2018. The study used a Randomized Block Design with 10 wheat genotypes of convergent breeding crossbreeds including CBF 124, CBF 159, CBF 192, CBF 169, CBF 137, CBF 195, CBF 119, CBF 145, CBF 156 and CBF 231 as well as four comparators, namely two national superior varieties (Selayar and Dewata) and two introduced genotypes (Oasis and HP. 1744) resulted in 14 genotypes. The results show that the genotype of wheat from convergent breeding that adaptive to lowland and had high productivity are CBF 192 (1.80 tons ha−1), CBF 169 (1.66 tons ha−1), CBF 195 (1.54 tons ha−1), CBF 137 (1.44 tons ha−1), CBF 124 (1.42 tons ha−1) and CBF159 (1.34 tons ha−1). Characters that have high heritability are plant height, number of tillers and productive tillers, age of flowering and harvest, panicle length, number of spikelet, number of floret, number of grains on the main panicle and on the tillers, weight of grains on the main panicle and on the tillers, and production.
Effect of green bean sprout extract on in vitro shoot multiplication of taro Colocasia esculenta L. var. antiquorum
Authors: Latunra A I , Anggraini S R S , Tuwo M , Baharuddin
Published: May 2020

Japanese taro Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. antiquorum is a good export-valued food commodity and is being developed in Indonesia. Lack of availability of taro seedling is one of a limiting factor in development of Japanese taro. In vitro propagation is an alternative to obtain seeds in large quantities and in a relatively short time. In vitro culture is very dependent on composition of media used, especially growth regulators. This study aims to determine effect and to find optimum concentration of green bean sprout extracts Phaseolus radiatus in shoot multiplication of Japanese taro through in vitro. Plantlet were derived from cultures with ± 3 weeks of age. MS media was supplemented with different concentrations of green bean sprout extracts for shoot multiplication experiments. The concentration was used is 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 ppm and MS + NAA 1.5 ppm + 1.5 ppm BAP as a comparison of synthetic hormones. The parameters observation were number of shoots, wet weight and percentage of live explants. The results showed that MS media with supplemented of 1.5 ppm green bean sprout extract was optimum concentration in Taro shoot multiplication. Therefore, green bean sprout extract can be used as natural growth regulator in media of Taro shoot multiplication.
The management model for sugar palm in educational forest of Universitas Hasanuddin
Authors: Malamassam D
Published: May 2020

The Educational Forest of Hasanuddin University (Unhas-edfor) is an asset that must be utilizet optimally in order to support the utilization and management of forest resources over a wider area. The palm sugar species has long been cultivated from generation to generation by people at and around the forest, and is a source of income that is quite meaningful for them. This research aims to assess the potential of non-timber product, especially palm sugar product and formulate the management for sugar palm species and its product in Unhas-Edfor. The research method used is a field survey method and data analysis is using a qualitative analysis approach. The results of the study indicated that the palm sugar production in 3 vilages, that became the study location, namely Rompegading, Limampoccoe and Labuaja, was quite varied. The highest total net income was found in Moncongjai Hamlet (Rompegading Village) as much as IDR.28,935,000,- with a total production of 1,640 packages and the lowest in the Jambua Hamlet (Limampoccoe Village) as much as IDR.215,000,-with a total production of 50 packages. The total net income in each hamlet is different depending on the amount of processed sugar production which tends to vary and the number of farmers producing products from palm trees. The sustainability model for the development and management of sugar palm and its derivative products in the Unhas-edfor is carried out through community empowerment activities, the formation and strengthening of farmer group institutions together with the management of the Unhas-edfor, village and district governments, related agencies, and banks as owners capital in terms of cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest, to the processing and marketing of results so that sugar palm and its products provide optimal results.
Growth response and yield of several local yam plants with hormax applications
Authors: Pelia L. , Riadi M. , Rafiuddin
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to determine the growth and yield of several types of local yam with Hormax application. The study was conducted in Pososlalongo Village, Banggai Tengah District, Banggai Laut Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, from January to July 2019. This research was arranged following the Split Plot Design. As the main plot was the type of yam namely Butuli, Tu’u, Manui, Pau-Pau Ateno, Sombok, and Kulaluk, while as a subplot is the concentration of Hormax solution consisted of four levels namely 0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mL/L water. The results showed that the type of yam Butuli had the fastest sprouting speed of 25.50 days, the highest number of leaves was 337.58 strands, and the highest number of tubers was 1.81 pieces. The concentration of Hormax 4 mL/L water treatment resulted in the longest stem which was 491.47 cm, the highest number of leaves was 274.56 strands.
The soil characteristics of landslide in Manuju District, Gowa Regency
Authors: Lias S A , Safaat M , Solle M S
Published: May 2020

Landslide in the Manuju District, Gowa Regency on January 23, 2019 had impact on material losses such as damage of residents’ homes, cut off road access by the landslide, and 22 fatalities. The high rainfall at that time and hilly topoghraphy were the factors that triggered the landslide. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the soil in relation to landslides. This research was conducted by field observation of soil characteristics in the landslide area and soil test in the laboratory, namely; textures, C-Organic, and permeability with SPAW method, grain size distribution using ASTM, and shapes grain of soil fraction with the Norbury method. The soil was 20-25 cm depth, granular soil structure, friable consistency, texture dominated by sand, low C-Organic content, moderate hydraulic conductivity, the grain size was subangular. Soil characteristics at the study site showed characteristics that are susceptible to landslides.
Rearing earwig Chelisoches morio (Fabricius) on a variety of artificial diets
Authors: Rejeki A S , Melina M , Nurariaty A
Published: May 2020

Black earwig (Chelisoches morio (Fabr.) (Dermaptera: Chelisochidae), is an effective predator of various important pests of crops such as mealybugs, beetles, and stem borers. Earwig mass rearing is considered simple, but it requires a long time to reach the optimal life stages for field releases. The type of artificial food given has at least an influence of lifespan so this study was conducted to determine the types of food that can shorten life cycle of earwig. Feeding trials consisted of combination between mealybugs and dog food, mealybugs and fish and mealybugs with cornmeal. Each treatment had five replications. The results shown that the lifespan of black earwig was 52 days (mealybug + dog food), 62 days mealybug + fish material), and 67 days (mealy bug + cornmeal) respectively. It is suggested that a better artificial food is to shorten lifespan and therefore it is considered to use earwig mass rearing.
The fluctuation of fruit fly attack (Bactrocera spp.) in a polycultural system of chili and watermelon crops
Authors: Jamaluddin F , Nurariaty A , Amin N
Published: May 2020

The fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) is a serious threat of developing chili and watermelons in Indonesia. Chili growers rely mainly on synthetic insecticide use to control the pest. Excessive use of the insecticides could cause resistance in the pest, environmental issues, and health issues to the consumers. Thus, alternative control methods should be developed, such as a polyculture cropping system. The study was conducted in Rompegading Village, Cenrana District, Maros Regency, from August to October 2018. The purpose of the study was to evaluate a polycultural cropping system, using 2 plant species: chili plant and watermelon as the main and secondary crops. Five schemes of cropping model were tested in this study, namely: (a) chili without mulch, (b) chili with plastic mulch, (c) chili and watermelon, (d) watermelon only, and (e) chili with farmers’ cultivation practice. The percentage of fruit fly attack on the chili and watermelon fruit were calculated. The results showed that the chili with plastic mulch treatment had 90.1%, pepper and watermelon treatment had 93.03%, and farmers’ practices treatment had 83.3% of the fruits damaged by the fruit fly. While the percentage of watermelon damaged by fruit flies was the highest in the treatment of chili and watermelon (50.00%).
Populations of Aphis gossypii on different pepper cultivars, fertilized with different rates of NPK
Authors: Firdaus F , Ngatimin S N , Nasruddin A
Published: May 2020

Cotton aphid (Glover), (Aphis gossypii) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the main insect pests of chili plants in Indonesia. Excessive use of insecticide has caused resistance in the pest to insecticides in many places. Besides that, a high dose of fertilizer could trigger a population increase of many aphid species. Therefore, effective and safer alternative aphid control methods must be sought; hence the purpose of this study was to determine the resistance of different chili cultivars against the pest and the optimal dosages of the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium (NPK) to suppress the aphid populations. The study was conducted in the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, from March to August 2019. This experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design in factorial. The first factor was red pepper cultivars: Lado F-1 and Pilar F-1, and the second factor was NPK fertilization rate: 1, 2, 4, 8 g per plant. The results showed that the number of aphids was significantly lower on Lado F-1 than on Pilar F-1. There was a tendency that as the fertilizer rate increased, the number of aphids also increased. Plants fertilized with 8 g NPK per plant had a significantly higher number of aphids compared to the other treatments. However, the numbers of aphids on other treatments were not significantly different from each other. Therefore, the results suggested that in order to suppress the aphid population, farmers should use the Lado F-1 and fertilization rate of 1 to 4 g per plant as important components in an integrated pest management program.
Reactions of banana plantlets Musa acuminata L. to extracellular polysaccharides from Ralstonia zyzygii subsp. celebensis causal agent of blood diseases
Authors: Baharuddin  , Ulfa F , Eryuni
Published: May 2020

Extracellular polysaccharides generated by bacteria play an important role in inhibiting the translocation of nutrients and water, protecting bacteria in extreme conditions and neutralizing compounds released by plants. Giving filtrate pathogens with different concentrations causes different plant reactions in each variety. This study was aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) obtained fromRalstonia zyzygii subsp celebensis (rzc)towards the growth of banana plantlets in-vivo. A randomized complete design was used with parameters of two varieties (Barangan and Ambon) and EPS in different concentration of 0; 10; 11.5; 13, and 14.5%. EPS filtrate culture was obtained from initially growing bacteria on NGA (Nutrient Glucose Agar) medium and subculture (mineral media) and centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 15 minutes then sterilized with a membrane filter. Extracellular polysaccharides were put into MS media, then planting 3-month-old banana plantlets with uniform growth. Culture were placed for inoculation that controlled in a culture room at a temperature 26 ± 20C with relative humidity of 55 ± 5% and were exposed to 16 h photo period. Observation parameters were number of shoots and leaves, time of appearance of shoots and leaves (days). The results showed that response of Barangan gave better results on number of shoots than ambon in tolerating the effect of extracellular polysaccharides filtrate. Concentration of 13% is tolerance limit for the growth number of banana plantlets. Barangan variety can produce the highest number of shoots at a concentration of 13% extracellular polysaccharides filtrate.
Testing chitinase and p1-3, glucanase produced by native Trichoderma isolates obtained from South Sulawesi
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Rosmana A , Firman
Published: May 2020

Chitinase and p1-3, glucanase produced by living microbes play important role of mycoparasitism and one of known mycoparasites is Trichoderma species. The aim of study was to examine Trichoderma isolates obtained from South Sulawesi. The isolates were cultured into potato dextrose agar and then subcultured with specific media for understanding chitinase and p1-3, glucanase activities. The result shown that the diversity of enzyme activities was obtained from isolates.
First report of Phytophthora black pod disease of cocoa spread by Iridomyrmex cordatus in Sulawesi: A dilemma about predatory insect for cocoa pest control
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Gassa A , Rosmana A , Bakar S
Published: May 2020

While implementing biological control agent driven from predatory insect to retain an ecological population balance of main cocoa pest, has become popular in environment, the unforeseen consequence of this technique is due to uncontrolled insect behaviour, a potential spread of a major cocoa disease-Phytophthora black pod and stem cancer, caused by a superior oomycete Phytophthora palmivora species and this attempt poses a difficult dilemma. This paper will investigate potential risk of insect ant species and explain its behaviour in transmitting cocoa disease to new trees before suggestion way to diminish negative impact and to improve a specific and selective management of cocoa pests and diseases.
Resistance test of five cocoa (Theobromae cacao L.) clones in South Sulawesi against Phytophthora palmivora
Authors: Dewi V S , Asman A , Josua K , Hamdayanty H
Published: May 2020

This research aimed to find out the response of some superior cocoa clones in South Sulawesi to Phytophthora palmivora. This research covers several stages ranging from selection and sampling of cocoa clones, pathogen exploration to cocoa clones resistant test with various methods that were inoculated the infected to the healthy cocoa pod, inoculated P. palmivora suspension to the cocoa surface and inoculated P. Palmiora isolates to the healthy cocoa pod section. The results showed that the resistance of cocoa clones to three inoculation methods showed different areas of spotting on each observation day in which method of attaching the infected pod to the healthy pod, showed the slowest growth in the MO1 cocoa clone with average growth of spots of 46.34 cm2/day and the largest was shown in 45 cocoa clone which was 79.67 cm2/day indicating each clone is very susceptible to infection P. palmivora. Method of inoculating P. palmivora suspension showed that the slowest growth occurred in S1 cocoa clone that was 5.18 cm2/day and largest was shown in MO1 cocoa clone (25.19 cm2/day), indicating that each clone is very susceptible, except in the clone S1 is rather resistant. As well as in the method of attaching P. palmivora isolate to the healthy pod, the slowest growth occurred in GTB cocoa clones (15.28 cm2/day) and largest in M04 cocoa clones (22.28 cm2/day) which indicated that each clone was very susceptible to infection of P. palmivora. The three application methods show that different applications can affect the difference in infection rates in each cocoa pod clone. The spots that arise from infection can occur in various ways.
Determination of factors affecting indoor doses from Malaysia’s ceramic tiles containing natural radionuclides
Authors: Abdullahi Shittu , Ismail Aznan Fazli
Published: May 2020

The level of natural radioactivity and radiological risks attributed to forty (40) different ceramic tiles using gamma-ray spectroscopy employing high-purity germanium detector were studied. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K range from 37.5 ± 0.3 to 215.9 ± 5.8 Bq kg−1, 42.2 ± 0.1 to 181.8 ± 3.8 Bq kg−1 and 349.5 ± 25 to 1589.2 ± 21.1 Bq kg−1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity and activity concentration index were calculated to estimate the potential radiological hazards to the dweller. Furthermore, the factors affecting the total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) such as ventilation rate, room size and dweller position were investigated from the measured activity concentrations using RESRAD-BUILD computer code. The simulation results of TEDE from the variations of ventilation rate in a room range from 0.26±0.01 to 0.61±0.01 mSv y−1, on the other hand, the percentage variation of TEDE due to dweller position and room size are 35% and 33%, respectively. The calculated radiological risks parameters were all below the recommended maximum limit. Therefore, the radiological impact attributed from the ceramic tiles under study is negligible.
Analysis of seismic events in Malaysia using International Monitoring System (IMS) data of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)
Authors: Zolkaffly M Z , Rashid F I A
Published: May 2020

The International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) is designed to be non-discriminatory and does not single out any country or region for enhanced monitoring. The seismic network, when completed, will consist of 50 primary and 120 auxiliary seismic monitoring stations in 76 countries around the world to detect and locate underground nuclear explosions. The data from the IMS stations can also be used for scientific and civil purposes. In this study, we present the results of data analysis of selected seismic events in Malaysia from 2015 to 2018 using IMS seismic stations data. Important seismicity parameters including the epicentral, magnitude distribution and seismic phases were presented in this study. We also perform comparison of the seismic events recorded by the IMS with similar seismic events detected by others seismic network at local, regional and international level. This study demonstrates that other than for nuclear explosion monitoring, the IMS data can also be used for civil and scientific applications and can make significant contribution in seismological research.
Microstructure and leaching characteristics of steel slag and CRT glass
Authors: Mohamad Ahmad Yusri , Jamil Maslina , Md Yusoff Nur Izzi , Fadzil Syazwani Mohd
Published: May 2020

In view of the large amount and types of waste materials generated, an extensive suite of environmental tests is carried out to assess the potential of reusing these materials. This study investigates the morphology and leaching characteristics of steel slag and Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) glass. The morphology and elemental composition of the samples are examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The result of the leaching test is analysed and compared with the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) limit for hazardous elements. Results of the FESEM tests show that each sample has different morphological characteristics and texture. The surface of steel slag is rough, uneven, irregular and porous compared to the surface of granite and CRT glass. The outcome of the TCLP test shows that none of the identified hazardous elements exceed the standard limits, which indicates these materials may be suitable for use as construction materials.
Examination of corrosion under insulation using gamma ray computed tomography
Authors: Sipaun S , Ab Rahman M F , Hasan H , Shari M R , Mahmood A , Abdullah N , Mustapha M
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose a screening and scanning approach using gamma ray transmission measurements and computed tomography (CT) to detect and locate corrosion areas in a pipeline. Screening obtains interval measurements of collimated gamma ray along the length of pipe, while scanning gives cross sectional images at the investigated area. The CT scanner consists of a clamped on mechanical gantry, a 1” × 1” NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, 11mCi Ba-133 source, 15mm x 5mm lead collimators and Ludlum scaler ratemeter. This technique was shown to be an effective way to determine the wall loss and erosion areas of at 2.5mm thickness. Several locations of an insulated pipe were screened and scanned. Using a portable gamma ray CT scanner we present the results, where the cross sectional image can indicate the occurrence of corrosion under insulator.
The effect of photomultiplier tube glass entrance window on plastic scintillator cast sheet photon dosimetry: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Mohamed N S , Aydın A , Tajudin S M
Published: May 2020

Plastic scintillators are commonly used for medical dosimetry due to the density and effective atomic numbers that are closer to human soft tissue. When a photomultiplier tube (PMT) is used with a thin scintillator, reflected photon and electrons as a result of Compton scattering either inside the scintillator or PMT entrance window, might contribute to a significant source of additional absorbed dose. Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the effect of different PMT window materials on the absorbed dose of a 0.5 mm plastic scintillator cast sheet for parallel photon beam energy up to 1 MeV. The additional dose in the plastic scintillator from 400 keV to 1 MeV due to sapphire and lithium fluoride (LiF) glass are increases from 11 % to 47 % and 8 % to 31 %, respectively. Despite of the lower density of Quartz among other materials, Quartz and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) demonstrate almost similar trends of additional dose throughout the energies, which is closer to the sapphire. To reduce the unexpected additional dose, a plastic scintillator with a considerable thickness of a PMT window should be adopted for the ‘soft-tissue’ dose response.
Improving the Mechanical, Water Vapor Permeability, Antimicrobial properties of Corn-Starch/Poly Vinyl Alcoholfilm (PVA): Effect of Rice husk fiber (RH) & Alovera gel(AV)
Authors: Mallick Nirlipta , Soni A.B , Pal Dharm
Published: May 2020

Essentially because of ecological points, petroleum-based plastics are being supplanted by natural polymers. In the most recent decades, the starch idea is outstanding as a green material. Because of the developing interest for Starch biodegradable materials and the film-forming capacity it has been significantly utilized in the food packaging area.Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is one of the synthetic biodegradablematerials that has the upsides of good film formation and high thermal stability. It has been utilized as coatings, packaging material, and in drug delivery applications. Aloe vera(AV) gel, an individual is a promising material in food preservation and has great antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Because of its filmforming capacity, it has been utilized in the edible film and coatings. Naturalfibers from agricultural waste are finding their significance in the food packaging sector because of the numerous favourable circumstances, for example, their lightness, minimal effort and being earth amicable. The rice husk (RH) is acquired from agro-industrial waste, can be utilized as filler in different bio compositesmaterials. Themain purpose of this examination was to investigate the impact of Rice husk fiber and Alovera gel on the Mechanical, Water Vapor Permeability, Antimicrobial properties of Corn-Starch based film.
Structural, morphological and photoluminescence behaviour of Sr10-xBax(PO4)6(OH)2 hydroxyapatite
Authors: Rout Ananya , Agrawal Sadhana
Published: May 2020

This paper reports synthesis of Sr10-x(PO4)6(OH)2 with different concentration of Ba2+ ion by co-precipitation method. To enhance the intensity of photoluminescence properties of strontium hydroxyapatite, barium (Ba2+) ions are incorporated into hydroxyapatite structure. XRD pattern analysis shows single phase hexagonal structure along with space group P63/m. SEM image depicts the deposition of apatite layer on the surface of agglomerated spheroidal grains. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of functional group (PO4) in the synthesized hydroxyapatite. Photoluminescence spectra shows an intense green light emission at 523 nm under 230 nm UV light irradiation.
Synthesis and characterization of CdTe thin film on FTO by electrodeposition technique for CdTe/CdS solar cells
Authors: Verma Lekha , Khare Ayush
Published: May 2020

In this work, the synthesis of the CdTe thin film (absorber layer) on fluorine-doped Tin oxide (FTO) substrate by electrodeposition technique of CdTe/CdS solar cell has been presented. As a result of the superior efficiency in energy conversion by absorbing energy in a broad range of the solar spectrum, thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells have been paid attention worldwide as a potential candidate for photovoltaics (PV). The electrodeposition (ED) technique is suitable for the synthesis of CdTe material due to its ease, low cost, scalability and manufacturability. Usually, the quality of these deposited thin films depends on several growth parameters, and the type of conducting glass substrate plays a crucial role. CdTe material grown up on the top of the FTO coated glass substrate having dimensions 75mm* 25mm*1mm and was characterized for its optical properties by UV-Vis spectrometer (UV-Vis), Photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). XRD result confirms the cubic crystalline character of the deposited material. The band gap of CdTe film estimated using Tauc’s plot is found to be 1.5eV. It is expected that this article will enrich the features of CdTe/CdS devices for solar energy conversion and stimulate further innovative research interest on this interesting topic.
Effect of precursor ratios on the structural, morphological and optical properties of CBD-CdS films
Authors: Sinha Tarkeshwar , Khare Ayush
Published: May 2020

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) films were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses were employed to compare the structural, morphological, and optical properties of deposited films. The XRD studies confirmed the cubic crystalline nature of the deposited films, and the intensities of the peaks were found to vary for different precursor ratios. The results of SEM study show that the films were smooth and uniform. The RMS surface roughness values of the CdS films were found to be in the range of 25.42nm to 35.33nm. Energy band-gap values of the CdS films were found in the range of 2.32eV to 2.39eV. Two distinct bands (centred at 489nm and 556nm) were found in the PL emission spectra. S-C-N, Cd-S, and C-S vibrations were observed to dominate in the FT-IR spectra.
An efficient way of material classification using uncertainty assessment
Authors: Sinha Arvind Kumar , Shende Pradeep
Published: May 2020

Analysis of material properties using the available data is a compulsory part of the material classification and is considered as a challenging task in industrial processes. Classification refers to the segregation of objects using known data or knowledge. The uncertainties in the data increase the complexities of material classification. In this paper, we present a methodology to measure uncertainties in the attributes-values. An example illustrates the efficiency, validity, and effectiveness of the proposed method. We find the most significant features for the classification of glass materials using uncertainty evaluation and optimization.
Theoretical investigation on absorption spectral profile of tetrazole liquid crystals: Hexyl, nonyl end groups and solvent effects
Authors: Das Punyatoya , Lakshmi Praveen P.
Published: May 2020

In this article, a theoretical investigation on absorption spectral profile of tetrazole liquid crystals 4-[(2-alkyl)-2H-tetrazol-5-yl] phenyl 4-alkyloxybenzoates (nTPmB; with n=m=6, 9) has been carried out. The hexyl, nonyl, and solvent (DMSO) effects on absorption spectral profiles have been investigated using the CNDO/S, and INDO/S methods. Population analysis of these molecules in the gaseous state has been performed by generalized atomic polar tensor (GAPT) charge distribution scheme for AM1, PM3, MNDO, CNDO/S, and INDO/S methods. The observed π→π*, and n→π* electronic transitions have been reported. The hexyl, nonyl end groups and solvent effects on absorption profiles have been discussed to analyse the photo stability of the molecules. Further, a through comparative analysis of reactivity descriptors has been made. The reported data may offer an insight in determining the end use of compounds.
Application of Kalman-Bucy filter for vessel traffic control systems in the northern sea route
Authors: Istomin E , Sidorenko A , Stepanov S , Petrov Y , Martyn I
Published: May 2020

The article considers the method of ice density concentration prediction based on the implementation of the Kalman-Bucy filter using geospatial data. The developed algorithm of data filtering allows us to assess the effective use of this approach in predicting the density of ice in the Arctic. The key aspects of the model application for the construction of optimal and safe routes of vessels in the waters of the Northern sea route are described.
Substantiation of connection of diagnostic indicators with parameters of technical condition of hydraulic manipulators
Authors: Martynov B , Sidorenkov N , Taraban M
Published: May 2020

At the organization of proactive system of maintenance of mechanisms the technique based on determination of relative probability is applied. But in contrast to the technique, when the machine is for maintenance and adjusted the type and frequency of the hydraulic manipulators (HM) it is necessary to carry out constant monitoring of the technical condition of the main elements of the mechanism. The main elements of the HM, which primarily determine its technical condition, are the distribution system, including the pump, oil pressure distributors in the executive bodies of the HM, as well as the column, the extension-grip joint and the rotator. Nominal and permissible pressure values in the distribution system are determined by the technical documentation on the HM. The paper considers the dependence of the vibration signal on the technical condition of the coupling shaft-gear column HM.
Finding an effective technological chain of the logging process in the natural and production conditions of the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Mokhirev A , Rukomojnikov K , Gerasimova M , Medvedev S
Published: May 2020

In the logging process, it is possible to build a technological chain in different ways. When transporting wood from the cutting area, water or land transport can be used. Using of lumberyards and processing of wood on them also increase the multivariance of the technological process. Execution of operations in various natural and industrial conditions differs in productivity and material costs. The efficiency of production depends on the choice of logging technology in dynamic natural production conditions. The authors presented a graphic-analytical model for solving the given task in the publication. The article is devoted to the graphic-analytical model for solving the task. A numerical example is solved for this purpose. The numerical example showed the efficiency of the method of finding a rational technological chain of logging operations in dynamic natural and production conditions.
Enzymatic pretreatment effect on product composition in biohydrocarbon synthesis via metal soap decarboxylation
Authors: Istyami A N , Pratiwi M , Prakoso T , Purwadi R
Published: May 2020

The recent demand of green energy sources has driven technology development into production of renewable fuels. Among the types of renewable fuels, biohydrocarbon is one of the most attractive forms. It can be applied onto current automotive machine without blending with fossil fuel. Biohydrocarbon can be produced from plant oils via decarboxylation of metal soap. Nevertheless, a hydrolysis step to convert plant oils into free fatty acids is required to synthesize metal soap. A low-cost technology to overcome this problem is hydrolysis reaction using lipase enzyme. In this paper, a study was established to determine the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on biohydrocarbon product composition. Results show that enzymatic pretreatment increased selectivity towards diesel fuel fraction, although fractionation will enable utilization of shorter chain fractions.
Phytoplankton (microalgae) as an alternative of renewable energy sources
Authors: Djoru Mery Rambu , Gimin Ricky , Suwari
Published: May 2020

At present, primary energy resources for various industrial activities including transportation and electricity still rely on fossil sources, such as oil, gas, and coal. Fossil resources are increasingly depleted from time to time and cause the impact of erratic price increases, resources are increasingly limited and cause various environmental effects due to emissions of greenhouse gases produced due to burning these fossils. Various biological resources in Indonesia can be used as a source of raw materials for the production of renewable fuels as a substitute for fossils. Research on phytoplankton (microalgae) as an alternative to renewable energy sources has been carried out. This research was carried out in Teluk Kupang, which has been known as a habitat for Algae life and breeding. The purpose of this study is to obtain data on the existence and types of algae that can be utilized as an alternative renewable energy source. The research method used was observation and laboratory testing to determine the types of algae in Teluk Kupang. The results showed there were 34 types of microalgae, including species of Nitzschia, sp and Thallassiosira, sp which had cell compositions in the form of cellulose, glucan and oils (triglycerides) that had the potential to be extracted and utilized for the manufacture of renewable fuels and other valuable chemicals.
Effect of metal type on basic soap pyrolysis produce bio-gasoline
Authors: Puspawiningtiyas E , Pratiwi M , Neonufa G F , Purwadi R , Isyami A N , Elizabeth L , Soerawidjaja T H , Subagjo  , Prakoso T
Published: May 2020

The basic metal soap from oleic acid submitted to pyrolysis to produce gasoline-like hydrocarbon fuels (biogasoline). The pyrolysis was carried out in a semi-batch reactor at 450°C and a feeding rate of 5 g/15 min. The influences of various metal (Ca, Mg, Zn) hydroxides, which are used to made basic soap, have been examined. The bio hydrocarbon of basic metal soap was characterized by GC-FID and FT-IR, showing the formation of paraffin, iso-paraffin, olefin, ketone, and aromatics. The liquid fraction derived from the pyrolysis of basic metal soap was dominated by gasoline (C7-C11) fraction hydrocarbon. The maximum yield of light C7-C11 hydrocarbon was 82.3 %-mol fraction of basic Ca soap and the highest yield of biohydrocarbon reached 34.77 wt.% from pyrolysis of basic Mg soap.
Biohydrocarbon production for jet fuel from palm oil derivative products
Authors: Neonufa G F , Pratiwi M , Puspawiningtiyas E , Purwadi R , Elizabeth L
Published: May 2020

Jet biofuel can be produced from vegetable oils and fats that are rich in lauric acid and myristic acid. Palm kernel oil is known to contain 47.8% lauric acid and 16.3% myristic acid. Jet biofuel production by the thermochemical method through decarboxylation of basic soap made from palm kernel oil has been extensively investigated. The objective of this study was to produce jet biofuel from basic soap made from palm kernel oil. Several metal compounds from the acetate group were selected for use in making basic soap. Decarboxylation of soap was carried out at 350°C and atmospheric pressure for 5 hours in the semi-batch reactor. Zinc metal enhances the yield of jet biofuel after decarboxylation of soap. Approximately 40 and 62 weight% of the jets biofuel had been obtained in this experiment.
Performance efficiency of sand media amended with biochar for phosphorus removal using column filtration
Authors: Rozari Philiphi de
Published: May 2020

Increase of phosphorus concentrations from wastewater could cause a significant impact on water quality deterioration. Thus, it is crucial to regulate nutrient concentrations from wastewater effluents before the effluents are discharged to the environment. Establishment of wastewater treatment is one of the solutions. This study investigated the efficiency of column filtration using sand media amended with biochar to remove phosphorus in the laboratory scale. The experimental design consisted of 6 packed columns based on the proportion of biochar in the sand media (0 – 25%). The columns were fed with 100 mL phosphate solution (10 mg/L) at the flow rate of 66.6 mL/h. The same steps were also performed using a combination of PO4
3--P (10 mg/L) and NH4
+-N (10 mg/L) solution. The results showed that phosphate concentration in the outflow decreased smoothly and in line with the increase of biochar percentage in the sand media. Removal efficiency of PO4
3--P ranged from 60.9 – 80.9 % and 35.9 - 44.2 % for media loaded PO4
3--P and combination of PO4
3- -P and NH4
+-N (1:1). It means that the availability of biochar in the media influenced the amount of phosphorus adsorbed into media.
Secondary metabolites compound of sea plumes gorgonian (Rumphella, Isis and Ellisella) from Maumere Water- East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia
Authors: Teffu Y H , Kase A G O , Trianto A , Wijayanti D P
Published: May 2020

The abundance and diversity of gorgonian sea plumes in the aquatic of Maumere - East Nusa Tenggara lead us to undertake research of their secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to identify the species sea plumes gorgonian and to characterize its secondary metabolites that had biological activity. Identification of genus was based on morphology characteristics: sclerite forms; while phytochemical tests was undertaken on gorgonian extract of sea plumes. The phytochemical test showed that secondary metabolites of gorgonian extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, quinone, steroid/triterpenoid, tannin and saponin. The identification results were found three gorgonian genera, namely Genus Rumphella, Isis and Ellisella. The highest yield of gorgonian extract was Rumphella sp. 7.84%. Components of secondary metabolites identified were alkaloids, flavonoids, quinone, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins/phenolics and saponin.
Analysis of mineral content in Hotspring Water samples in Tubbe and Aramaba Village, Pantar Tengah District, Alor-NTT
Authors: Karbeka Martasiana , Botahala Loth , Duka Pither
Published: May 2020

Clean water standards are tasteless, colorless and odorless. Hot spring water in Tubbe and Aramaba villages is used by the community for drinking, cooking, washing, bathing and other needs. However, the physical parameters of the water has no longer met the standard because it is slightly colored and has distinctive odor of sulfur. Low quality of water affects the health of people who consume the water. The main problem is clearly seen from the yellow teeth of the people in Tubbe and Aramaba villages. Therefore, it is important to analyzed water quality to determine the levels of iron (Fe), phosphate (PO4)3+ and sulfate (SO4)2- in hot spring water in Tubbe Village and Aramaba Village, Pantar Tengah District. Iron content testing has been carried out using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. UV-Vis spectrophotometer has been used to test the concentration of phosphate and sulfate. The measurement results show that the hot spring water samples in Tubbe Village contain 0.04mg / L iron (Fe), 0.09 mg/L phosphate (PO4)3+ and 11,31mg/L sulfate (SO4)2. This value is below the maximum threshold, according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 149 of 2010. The results of the Aramaba Village are 0.04 mg/L; 0.09 mg/L and 11.31 mg/L for iron (Fe), phosphate (PO4)3+ and sulfate (SO4)2-. This value is above the threshold of calcium content according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 149 of 2010.
Synthesis of irregular motion mechanisms for production machine drives
Authors: Martynova T G , Skeeba V Yu , Podgornyj Yu I , Lobanov D V
Published: May 2020

Irregular motion of the working bodies is widely used in mixing equipment. It helps to achieve homogeneity of the mixtures, since the uniform motion may lead to the “dead” zones formation. The purpose of this work is to synthesize the mechanism for driving the mixer’s working shafts which includes an epicyclic transmission with a swing. This paper reports the studied pathways, velocities, and accelerations for different gear ratios at the final link, i.e. the swing. The research methods are analysis and synthesis of irregular motion mechanisms. It was found that in the mechanisms with the lowest pulsation, the amplitude of the angular acceleration change at the distance from the planet gear rotation axis to the pin equal to 14 mm is the smallest of the considered ones. The performance increases by 22 % with this coefficient of non-uniformity. As a result of the conducted research, we determined the main rational parameters for the synthesis of the considered mechanism.
Regulation and stimulation of engineering innovation processes at machine-building enterprises
Authors: Milekhina O V , Adova I B
Published: May 2020

The paper is devoted to the substantiation of certain aspects of the system of regulation of activity and remuneration of process engineers. The research is based on a theoretical model for justifying management decisions based on comparing the costs and benefits of innovation. The object of observation is a machine-building holding within the state Corporation ROSTEC (Russia). Data from self-observations of the working hours of process engineers, their processing and personalized analysis in two projections (ordinary and innovative work) led to the conclusion that there is a resource of time for solving innovative problems and creating breakthrough technologies. The results obtained are taken into account when designing the process of forming remuneration for innovations, which includes three phases. The authors conclude that a well-founded system of regulation and stimulation of innovative labor processes makes it possible to significantly advance in the direction of activation of innovation.
Dynamics of soot formation and burnout in a gas diesel cylinder
Authors: Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P
Published: May 2020

Combustion of the methane-air mixture can be accompanied by intensive formation and burning of soot, which will lead to an increase in heat losses and heat stress of the chilindro-piston group. The complexity and difficulty of registering the concentration of instantaneous soot particles make it difficult to study the laws of soot formation kinetics in gas diesel. The mechanism of soot formation during combustion of a methane-air mixture in a gas-diesel fuel is even more complex and less studied, since there is charge heterogeneity and other supercritical parameters. The paper proposes a mathematical model of soot formation and burnout in a gas diesel cylinder, which attempts to take into account the features of combustion of atomized fuel and methane-air mixture.
Generation of XUV spectral continua from relativistic plasma mirrors driven in the near-single-cycle limit
Authors: Böhle Frederik , Thévenet Maxence , Bocoum Maïmouna , Vernier Aline , Haessler Stefan , Lopez-Martens Rodrigo
Published: May 2020

We present experiments using relativistic-intensity 1.5-cycle laser fields at 1 kHz repetition rate to drive surface high-harmonic generation (SHHG) from surface plasmas with controlled density gradient. As a function of the driving pulse carrier-envelope phase (CEP), we observe a transition from a modulated to a continuous SHHG spectrum, indicating the transition from double to isolated attosecond pulse emission. Single shot-acquisitions of XUV spectral continua support the emission of isolated attosecond pulses with an isolation degree of between 10 and 50 for the majority of the driving pulse CEPs. 2D Particle-in-cell simulations corroborate this interpretation and predict percent-level efficiencies for the generation of an isolated attosecond pulse even without spectral filtering.
Magnetic array-templated method for fabrication of polymer nanoporous films
Authors: Ng Jarryd Keng Gene , Rybchenko Sergey I , Lukaschuk Sergei
Published: May 2020

This paper describes the development of a novel method of producing nanoporous polymeric membranes in a cost-effective and reproducible manner. The novelty of the technique hinges on the exploitation of a new type of sacrificial material & structures - self-assembled arrays of magnetic nanoparticles. The arrays are obtained through application of an external magnetic field to a thin layer of colloidal solution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in a polymerizable monomer; this is followed by photopolymerisation. The resulting columnar structures form the pore templates which when selectively etched away leave an array of nanopores spanning across the polymeric film. The morphological characterisation of the nanopores by scanning electron microscopy and ionic conductivity revealed a very unusual sponge-like pore morphology. The applications which would benefit from the specific pore morphology and arrayed manufacturing are discussed.