bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Extraction of Gravity Waves from All-Sky Airglow Image Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Lai Chang , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Yuan Wei , Liu Xiao , Li Wei , Li Qinzeng
Published: June 2019

With the development of ground-based all-sky airglow imager (ASAI) technology, a large amount of airglow image data needs to be processed for studying atmospheric gravity waves. We developed a program to automatically extract gravity wave patterns in the ASAI images. The auto-extraction program includes a classification model based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and an object detection model based on faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN). The classification model selects the images of clear nights from all ASAI raw images. The object detection model locates the region of wave patterns. Then, the wave parameters (horizontal wavelength, period, direction, etc.) can be calculated within the region of the wave patterns. Besides auto-extraction, we applied a wavelength check to remove the interference of wavelike mist near the imager. To validate the auto-extraction program, a case study was conducted on the images captured in 2014 at Linqu (36.2°N, 118.7°E), China. Compared to the result of the manual check, the auto-extraction recognized less (28.9% of manual result) wave-containing images due to the strict threshold, but the result shows the same seasonal variation as the references. The auto-extraction program applies a uniform criterion to avoid the accidental error in manual distinction of gravity waves and offers a reliable method to process large ASAI images for efficiently studying the climatology of atmospheric gravity waves.
Hybrid Dual-Polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Raney R. Keith
Published: June 2019

Compact polarimetry for a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is reviewed. Compact polarimetry (CP) is intended to provide useful polarimetric image classifications while avoiding the disadvantages of space-based quadrature-polarimetric (quad-pol) SARs. Two CP approaches are briefly described, π/4 and circular. A third form, hybrid compact polarimetry (HCP) has emerged as the preferred embodiment of compact polarimetry. HCP transmits circular polarization and receives on two orthogonal linear polarizations. When seen through its associated data processing and image classification algorithms, HPC’s heritage dates back to the Stokes parameters (1852), which are summarized and explained in plain language. Hybrid dual-polarimetric imaging radars were in the payloads of two lunar-orbiting satellites, India’s Earth-observing RISAT-1, and Japan’s ALOS-2. In lunar or planetary orbit, a satellite equipped with an HCP imaging radar delivers the same class of polarimetric information as Earth-based radar astronomy. In stark contrast to quad-pol, compact polarimetry is compatible with wide swath modes of a SAR, including ScanSAR. All operational modes of the SARs aboard Canada’s three-satellite Radarsat Constellation Mission (RCM) are hybrid dual-polarimetric. Image classification methodologies for HCP data are reviewed, two of which introduce errors for reasons explained. Their use is discouraged. An alternative and recommended group of methodologies yields reliable results, illustrated by polarimetrically classified images. A survey over numerous quantitative studies demonstrates HCP polarimetric classification effectiveness. The results verify that the performance accuracy of the HCP architecture is comparable to the accuracy delivered by a quadrature-polarized SAR. Four appendices are included covering related topics, including comments on inflight calibration of an HCP radar.
Charting Dynamic Areas in the Mackenzie River with RADARSAT-2, Simulated RADARSAT Constellation Mission and Optical Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Chénier René , Omari Khalid , Ahola Ryan , Sagram Mesha
Published: June 2019

Mariners navigating within Canadian waters rely on Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) navigational charts to safely reach their destinations. To fulfil this need, CHS charts must accurately reflect the current state of Canadian coastal regions. While many coastal regions are stable, others are dynamic and require frequent updates. In order to ensure that important and potentially dangerous changes are reflected in CHS products, the organization, in partnership with the Canadian Space Agency, is exploring coastal change detection through satellite remote sensing (SRS). In this work, CHS examined a hybrid shoreline extraction approach which uses both Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical data. The approach was applied for a section of the Mackenzie River, one of Canada’s most dynamic river systems. The approach used RADARSAT-2 imagery as its primary information source, due to its high positioning accuracy (5 m horizontal accuracy) and ability to allow for low and high water line charting. Landsat represented the primary optical data source due to its long historical record of Earth observation data. Additional sensors, such as Sentinel-2 and WorldView, were also used where a higher resolution was required. The shoreline extraction process is based on an image segmentation approach that uses both the radar and optical data. Critical information was collected using the automated approach to support chart updates, resulting in reductions to the financial, human and time factors present within the ship-based hydrographic survey techniques traditionally used for chart improvements. The results demonstrate the potential benefit of wide area SRS change detection within dynamic waterways for navigational chart improvements. The work also demonstrates that the approach developed for RADARSAT-2 could be implemented with data from the forthcoming RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM), which is critical to ensure project continuity.
Modelling the Surface of Racing Vessel’s Hull by Laser Scanning and Digital Photogrammetry
Authors: Bartoš Karol , Pukanská Katarína , Repáň Peter , Kseňak Ľubomír , Sabová Janka
Published: June 2019

The knowledge of the hull shape and geometry of a racing vessel is one of the most important factors for predicting boat performance. The Offshore Racing Congress (ORC) rating system specifies the calculation parameters of the hydrodynamic forces of boat lift and drag on the basis of input data as the length of waterline while sailing, displacement, wetted surface and the volume distribution along the hull. It is represented by sophisticated calculations for national as well as international events and races. Measurement using a reflectorless total station in a coordinate system defined by the sailboat hull is the most established method approved by the ORC organisation. The determination of these geometric parameters by new, unconventional technologies, which should provide a quicker and more detailed measurement while preserving the quality and accuracy of results necessary for the handicap calculations was our main objective. Geometrical shapes of a cabin sailboat hull were determined by the technology of terrestrial laser scanning and two methods of digital close-range photogrammetry—convergence case of photogrammetry and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) method. High-Definition Surveying (HDS) targets for laser scanning and coded targets for digital photogrammetry were used throughout all methods in order to transform the resulting data into a single local coordinate system. The resulting models were mutually compared by visual, geometrical and statistical comparison. In conclusion, both technologies were considered suitable, however, with various advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, although labour intensive, the SfM photogrammetry can be considered the most suitable method if the correct procedures are followed.
Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of Urea
Authors: Erfkamp Jan , Guenther Margarita , Gerlach Gerald
Published: June 2019

Urea is used in a wide variety of industrial applications such as the production of fertilizers. Furthermore, urea as a metabolic product is an important indicator in biomedical diagnostics. For these applications, reliable urea sensors are essential. In this work, we present a novel hydrogel-based biosensor for the detection of urea. The hydrolysis of urea by the enzyme urease leads to an alkaline pH change, which is detected with a pH-sensitive poly(acrylic acid-co-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogel. For this purpose, the enzyme is physically entrapped during polymerization. This enzyme-hydrogel system shows a large sensitivity in the range from 1 mmol/L up to 20 mmol/L urea with a high long-term stability over at least eight weeks. Furthermore, this urea-sensitive hydrogel is highly selective to urea in comparison to similar species like thiourea or N-methylurea. For sensory applications, the swelling pressure of this hydrogel system is transformed via a piezoresistive pressure sensor into a measurable output voltage. In this way, the basic principle of hydrogel-based piezoresistive urea biosensors was demonstrated.
Who Is Eligible for Telework? Exploring the Fast-Growing Acceptance of and Ability to Telework in Sweden, 2005–2006 to 2011–2014
Authors: Elldér Erik
Published: June 2019

The share of Swedish employees eligible for telework, that is, when work tasks and contractual agreement allow, increased from 22% in 2005–2006 to 35% in 2011–2014. This article explores this fast diffusion of telework eligibility. Micro data from representative national surveys are used to examine how increasing opportunities for telework have spread among different groups of employees and different parts of the labour market and to examine the factors that increase or decrease the probability of being eligible for telework. We find significant increases in telework eligibility in almost all categories of workers and all labour market sectors. However, employees are clearly grouped into those achieving rapid gains in telework eligibility and those achieving such gains much more slowly. Telework continues to be primarily available to high-status segments of the labour market. Information and communication technology and technical solutions increasingly appear to be key factors enabling telework.
Impacts of Land-Use Change on Habitat Quality during 1985–2015 in the Taihu Lake Basin
Authors: Xu Liting , Chen Sophia , Xu Yu , Li Guangyu , Su Weizhong
Published: June 2019

Habitat quality (HQ) is of great significance to regional sustainable development, which is a key link for regional ecological security and human welfare. Assessing the temporal and spatial evolution of HQ caused by land-use change could provide a scientific basis for regional ecological protection and land management. Here, based on the ArcGIS platform and the InVEST model, this study quantified the spatial and temporal evolutions of land use, landscape patterns, and HQ from 1985 to 2015, in Taihu Lake Basin (TLB). Hotspot analysis tools were used to identify the spatial agglomeration and evolution characteristics of HQ in TLB. The results showed that, (1) the land use and landscape pattern in TLB experienced dramatic change process during 1985–2015, with the dominating conversion being from farmland to construction land, which led to an increase in landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation. (2) The HQ was generally reduced in the past 30 years. In particular, the decline of HQ was extremely severe in the peripheral area of cities and roads, due to urban sprawl. (3) Regarding the spatial distribution of HQ, the northern and eastern areas were generally higher, while the western and southern areas were generally lower. The hotspots areas were mainly located in the southwestern mountain area and west-central lake area, while the cold spots areas were mainly located in urban areas in the north and the east. (4) The area and degree of habitat degradation were both increased significantly due to land-use change, and the degradation of the Taihu Lake was highlighted. Strengthening the ecological environment management and reducing the threat of urban expansion to the HQ is urgently required. This study could help understand HQ of the TLB and provide a scientific basis for decision-makers.
Foundations of Banking Origin and Social Rating Philosophy—A New Proposal for an Evaluation System
Authors: Minguzzi Antonio , Modina Michele , Gallucci Carmen
Published: June 2019

Social impact investments represent a cultural revolution, as they offer the opportunity to pursue financial and social goals simultaneously. However, Social impact investing market configurations are not evolving equally across national contexts. Therefore, in different contexts, different actors may play the pivotal role to make social impact investments more attractive. The present work, by looking at the Italian context, applies a qualitative methodology to study Foundations of Banking Origin (FBOs). This is a specific category of foundation which is bound by law to work and expand the charity sector. It emerges that the role of these entities, inside the philanthropy system, should develop from “impact facilitators” to “impact generators” in promoting social initiatives. Furthermore, the work sustains the importance of introducing a social impact rating system as a formalized methodology to select and finance the worthiest social project. In this perspective, the definition of a clear social rating philosophy and its correct application in the rating system design and use is a necessary condition to increase the solidity of a social impact assessment model.
Water Tower Ecosystems under the Influence of Land Cover Change and Population Growth: Focus on Mau Water Tower in Kenya
Authors: Odawa Simon , Seo Yongwon
Published: June 2019

Land cover and population is key in considering sustainable management of the environment. An assessment focusing on the two may aid planning for sustainable management of the ecosystems. This is particularly vital for the water tower ecosystems which are extremely vulnerable. This paper provides a scientific assessment on the extent of land cover change in Mau Water Tower Ecosystem from 1986 to 2015 using satellite images. It analyzes the implications of observed population dynamics and forecasts the extent of land cover change in this resource. The results indicate a sharp increase in the area covered by grassland with a drastic decline in forest cover. Cropland showed marked fluctuations during the entire period. The change in forest cover had a very strong significant negative relationship with the rapid population increase. Forecast on land cover change, based on a “Business as Usual” (BAU) scenario, indicated further decline in forest cover and an increase in the area covered by grassland. The results of the study suggest that land cover change and population growth within the water towers are closely interlinked and cause significant effects on these ecosystems. These findings lay the foundation for a review of conservation and agricultural policies in order to enhance sustainable management of Mau Water Tower.
Wastewater Reclamation Holds a Key for Water Sustainability in Future Urban Development of Phoenix Metropolitan Area
Authors: Wang Zhi-Hua , von Gnechten Rachel , Sampson David A. , White Dave D.
Published: June 2019

Global water scarcity has been a growing concern among policy makers, researchers, and the general public. Rapid urbanization with more concentrated populations and emergent patterns of climate change (e.g., soaring temperatures and 19 years of drought) added uncertainty and complexity to the risk of water shortage for the Phoenix Metropolitan Area (PMA). In this study, we used a numerical simulation tool, termed WaterSim 5.0, to assess water sustainability indicators in PMA. Four hypothetical scenarios were evaluated, viz. desert, and green landscaping, as well as urban expansion into desert or agricultural lands, bracketing plausible paths of future development in the study area. Model outputs were evaluated using four sustainability indicators and policy controls: (1) groundwater use, (2) agricultural production, (3) personal water use, and (4) the 100-year adequate water supply metric for new population growth. All four scenarios were examined using both current (19%) and complete (100%) wastewater reclamation. We found that the rate of wastewater reuse drives a reduction in groundwater dependency in urban growth; urban-agriculture conversion provides a convenient means to enhance water sustainability. In the broader context, sustainable water planning strategies need to take into account other crucial environmental and socio-economic measures such as changes in thermal stress, agricultural production, and outdoor and rural lifestyles.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Environmental Performance
Authors: Li Zhenghui , Dong Hao , Huang Zimei , Failler Pierre
Published: June 2019

The paper presents the results of a study that attempts to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental performance (EP) by constructing a panel quantile regression model. Based on panel data from 1990 to 2014, this study contributes to evaluate the EP of each of the 40 countries using a directional slack-based model considering undesirable output. Our findings reveal several key conclusions: first, FDI has an insignificant influence on EP for the full sample. Second, the impact of FDI on EP between developed and developing countries exists heterogeneity. Furthermore, there is heterogeneity regarding the effect of FDI on EP at different quantiles of EP in developed countries. Specifically, in the developed countries, the effect is statistically insignificant at the lower quantile of EP, then it turns significantly positive at the middle and high quantile, and the positive effect rises with the increase of quantiles of EP. Finally, based on the conclusions of quantitative analysis, some important policy recommendations are proposed: different governments ought to enact different strategies for the introduction of FDI, according to different development situations of different countries.
Towards a Baseline for Food-Waste Quantification in the Hospitality Sector—Quantities and Data Processing Criteria
Authors: Malefors Christopher , Callewaert Pieter , Hansson Per-Anders , Hartikainen Hanna , Pietiläinen Oona , Strid Ingrid , Strotmann Christina , Eriksson Mattias
Published: June 2019

There is an urgent need for primary data collection on food waste to obtain solid quantification data that can be used as an indicator in the goal of halving food waste by 2030. This study examined how quality baselines for food waste can be achieved within the different segments of the hospitality sector, encompassing establishments such as canteens, elderly care units, hospitals, hotels, preschools, primary schools, restaurants, and upper secondary schools. The empirical material comprised food-waste quantification data measured in 1189 kitchens in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Germany for 58,812 quantification days and 23 million portions. All the data were converted to a common format for analysis. According to the findings, around 20% of food served became waste. Waste per portion varied widely between establishments, ranging from 50.1 ± 9.4 g/portion for canteens to 192 ± 30 g/portion for restaurants. To identify the measurement precision needed for tracking changes over time, we suggest statistical measures that could be used in future studies or in different food-waste tracking initiatives.
Association of Pertussis Toxin with Severe Pertussis Disease
Authors: Scanlon Karen , Skerry Ciaran , Carbonetti Nicholas
Published: June 2019

Pertussis, caused by respiratory tract infection with the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis, has long been considered to be a toxin-mediated disease. Bacteria adhere and multiply extracellularly in the airways and release several toxins, which have a variety of effects on the host, both local and systemic. Predominant among these toxins is pertussis toxin (PT), a multi-subunit protein toxin that inhibits signaling through a subset of G protein-coupled receptors in mammalian cells. PT activity has been linked with severe and lethal pertussis disease in young infants and a detoxified version of PT is a common component of all licensed acellular pertussis vaccines. The role of PT in typical pertussis disease in other individuals is less clear, but significant evidence supporting its contribution to pathogenesis has been accumulated from animal model studies. In this review we discuss the evidence indicating a role for PT in pertussis disease, focusing on its contribution to severe pertussis in infants, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infection, and the characteristic paroxysmal cough of pertussis.
Phages and Human Health: More Than Idle Hitchhikers
Authors: Lawrence Dylan , Baldridge Megan T. , Handley Scott A.
Published: June 2019

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect bacteria and archaea. Phages have diverse morphologies and can be coded in DNA or RNA and as single or double strands with a large range of genome sizes. With the increasing use of metagenomic sequencing approaches to analyze complex samples, many studies generate massive amounts of “viral dark matter”, or sequences of viral origin unable to be classified either functionally or taxonomically. Metagenomic analysis of phages is still in its infancy, and uncovering novel phages continues to be a challenge. Work over the past two decades has begun to uncover key roles for phages in different environments, including the human gut. Recent studies in humans have identified expanded phage populations in both healthy infants and in inflammatory bowel disease patients, suggesting distinct phage activity during development and in specific disease states. In this review, we examine our current knowledge of phage biology and discuss recent efforts to improve the analysis and discovery of novel phages. We explore the roles phages may play in human health and disease and discuss the future of phage research.
Socioeconomic Impacts of LCD-Treated Drinking Water Distribution in an Urban Community of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Khadga Bahadur , Kamei Tatsuru , Shrestha Sadhana , Aihara Yoko , Bhattarai Arun Prasad , Bista Niranjan , Thapa Bhesh Raj , Kazama Futaba , Shindo Junko
Published: June 2019

Groundwater available in the Kathmandu Valley is not suitable for drinking due to chemical and microbial contamination. We installed a treatment system, which was made with locally available materials and was low-cost, and supplied drinking water to the intervention site where groundwater contains high amounts of ammonia, iron, and turbidity. This research aims to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of treated water distribution. One hundred households were randomly selected and asked to use treated water for drinking, and another 100 households in the nearby community were taken randomly as a control. We conducted questionnaire surveys with the enrolled households before and five months after starting water distribution to assess the water use patterns and quality perceptions. The socioeconomic impact of the intervention was evaluated by a pre-post comparison and by the difference-in-difference method. The intervention significantly enhanced most of the parameters of water quality perception, reduced the in-house water treatment, and improved the perceived water stress and quality of life. For the control site, these parameters generally became worse in the post-survey, which suggests that the survey might have affected people’s mindset regarding water security. The system is an option for sustainable management of drinking water in the water-scarce, hard-hit areas in the developing countries.
Controlling Factors of Surface Water Ionic Composition Characteristics in the Lake Genggahai Catchment, NE Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Jin Yanxiang , Jin Xin , Yang Dengxing , Mao Xufeng
Published: June 2019

This study has determined the major ion compositions of surface waters within the basin of Lake Genggahai, northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China. The results showed that the anions in the groundwater and river water of Genggahai Lake are mainly HCO3−, and the cations are mainly Ca2+ + Na+. Evaporite, carbonate, and silicate in the basin all have an impact on the chemical composition of river water and groundwater. Among them, carbonate weathering has a relatively larger contribution. The grazing activities of herdsmen in the basin have had a certain degree of impact on the water quality of river basins and groundwater. The anion of lake water is dominated by Cl−, and the cation is mainly Na+. The content change is mainly affected by the change of corresponding ion content in groundwater coming into the lake and the evaporation of lake water. Among them, Cl− in lake water is more affected by the change of Cl− content in the groundwater coming into the lake, while Na+ in lake water is more affected by evaporation. More specifically, the low concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3− in lake water were determined to be related to the photosynthesis of aquatic plants in the lake.
Towards the History of Ideas in Ethnomusicology: Theory and Methods between the Late 18th and the Early 20th Century
Authors: MORGENSTERN Ulrich
Published: June 2019

The history of ethnomusicology is the history of ideas and concepts of why and how to deal with expressive practices in social formations which are usually located outside the researcher’s primary cultural experience. Ideas in ethnomusicology (comparative musicology, anthropology of music, folk music research, folkloristics) are interlinked with other scholarly disciplines and academic fields. The history of the field is sometimes described as a shift from either a more philologically oriented study of “national” folk music or “armchair anthropology” to a modern anthropological concept expressed in context-oriented, sociological, and performer-centered research, as well as in urban ethnomusicology. However, a great deal of issues frequently associated with English-speaking mainstream ethnomusicology of the last five decades (the “ethnographic turn”) appeared in the intellectual folk music discourses as early as the late 18th and the 19th century. In a similar way, the history of comparative musicology as a scholarly concept can be traced back at least to the Age of Enlightenment. This article traces the emergence and early history of motivations, theoretical paradigms and research methods by discussing the following key issues and conceptual oppositions: Comparative study of musical cultures; Fieldwork experience; Aesthetic appreciation vs. value-free textual analysis; Relativism of expressive cultures: "our" and "their" concepts (emic/etic issues); The paradigm of orality vs. Kunstlieder im Volksmunde; “Living antiquities” vs. the sociology of folklore; Cultural homogeneity vs. performer-centered research; Studying songs vs. studying singing; Music in its cultural context—“uses and functions”; Standards of notation and documentation; Rural vs. urban research; ‘Cultural purity' vs. intercultural exchange.
Produção de mudas de cafeeiro em função da época e da adubação fosfatada
Authors: Monteiro Ronaldo dos Santos , Oliveira Vinicius Evangelista Alves , Malta Altamiro Oliveira de , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Silva Josevan de Andrade , Malta Alan Oliveira de
Published: June 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de mudas do cafeeiro arábica (Coffea arabica L.) em função da época e doses de fósforo. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Fitotecnia, pertencente ao Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus II, Areia, PB, realizado no período de 16/12/2013 a 16/06/2014. Foram utilizadas sementes de plantas matrizes de café arábica. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições, com duas plantas por parcela. Os fatores consistiram no tempo (30; 60; 90; 120; 150 e 180 dias) e doses de fósforo (0,0; 0,3; 0,6 e 0,9 g dm-3, aplicados na forma de superfosfato simples). As avaliações referentes aos parâmetros de crescimento foram realizadas mensalmente, durante 6 meses. A colheita das plantas foi realizada aos 180 dias após o transplantio. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão, com o auxílio do software estatístico Sisvar. O maior crescimento das mudas de cafeeiro foi obtido com doses de P variando entre 0,6 a 0,9 g dm-3.
Anadolu’nun İslamlaşmasında Ahi Evren ve Ahiliğin Rol Modelliği
Authors: AYİŞ Mehmet Şirin
Published: June 2019

Anadolu’nun İslamlaşmasında Ahi Evren ve Ahiliğin Rol Modelliği The Role Modelling of Ahi Evren and Ahi Community in the Islamisation of Anatolia Mehmet Şirin AYİŞDr. Öğr. Üyesi Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi, Tasavvuf Anabilim DalıAsst. Prof. Dr., Bingol University, Faculty of Islamic Sciences, Department ofIslamic Mysticism.Bingöl, Turkeymsirinayis@hotmail.comORCID: 0000-0002-7040-4110Geliş Tarihi: 06.02.2019, Kabul Tarihi: 13.02.2019DOI: 10.34085/buifd.523520   Ahi Evren, Anadolu Ahilik Teşkilatı’nın kurucusu olarak kabul edilir. Tam ad Şeyh Hâce Nasiru’d-din Mahmud el Hoyî’dir. Ahi Evren, 1171 tarihinde, Azerbaycan’ın Hoy şehrinde dünyaya gelmiştir. Zamanının önemli âlimlerinden dersler okumuştur. Orta Asya’dan Anadolu’ya gelen sufi bir şahsiyettir. Mesleği dericilik olan Ahi Evren Kayseri başta olmak üzere irşad amacıyla Anadolu’nun diğer şehirlerini de gezerek buradaki esnafı teşkilatlandırmıştır.  Ahi Evren, tasavvuf anlayışını, esnaflık teşkilatı ile birleştirerek bu alanda sağlam kurallar ortaya koymuştur. Bu yüzden evvela Kayseri’de Ahilik teşkilatını kurulmasına vesile olmuştur. Kayseri merkezli olarak ortaya koyduğu bu faaliyetler, vefatından sonra da Anadolu’da asırlarca devam etmiştir. Ahilik anlayışı, ibadet hayatına önem verdiği kadar, çalışma hayatına da önem vermiştir. Çalışma hayatında dürüstlük prensibine riayet etmek, ahlaklı ve erdemli olmak ahiliğin önem verdiği konuların başında gelir. Bu prensiplere uyarak bu teşkilata girenler, iyi ve güzel vasıflarla tanınmışlardır. Bu durum, toplumda ahlaklı ve faziletli insanların sayısının artmasın vesile olmuştur. Bunun bir sonucu olarak da tekke, medrese, zaviye, han, hamam gibi vakıf eseri birçok mekân inşa edilmiştir.   Bu çalışmamızda, Ahi Evren ve Ahilik Teşkilatının, Anadolu’nun İslamlaşma sürecinde Anadolu’ya göç etmiş ve burayı yurt edinmiş Türk topluluklarının bu yeni yerleşim yerinde huzur ve sükûnet içerisinde yaşamalarını sağlamak için ahlakî, meslekî, iktisadî, ticarî, siyasî ve idarî alanlarda otaya koydukları rol modellikler üzerinde durulacaktır.
Effects of different groundcover matters on nutrient availability in an integrated apple orchard in Eastern-Hungary
Authors: Nagy Péter Tamás
Published: June 2019

The aim of our study is to examine the effects of different groundcover methods on nutrient availability and uptake of apple orchard. Theexperiment was carried out at the orchard of TEDEJ Rt. at Hajdúnánás-Tedej, in Eastern Hungary. The orchard was set up on lowland chernozem soil in the Nyírség region. It was established in the autumn of 1999, using Idared cultivar grafted on MM106 rootstocks at a spacing of 3.8 x 1.1 m.The applied treatments were divided into two groups according to origins and effects. On the one hand, different livestock manures (cow,horse and pig), on the other hand different mulch-matters (straw, pine bark mulch, black foil) were used. The different manures and mulcheswere applied on the surface to test the effectiveness of these materials.The effectiveness of manure treatments was higher than the other treatments on AL soluble P content of soil. Mostly the manure treatmentsincreased the AL soluble K of soil. Our all treatments increased 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble NO3 - -N content of the examined soil layers. The effectof manure treatments was the highest. From the results it was evident that the amount of easily soluble organic nitrogen fraction distributedmore homogeneously than the other mineral N fractions examined.Our results can be summarized as follows:1. Our results pointed out that the used ground covering matters divided into several categories regarding its effect.2. The available N, P and K contents of soil were mostly increased by applying manures.3. The effectiveness of straw, mulch and mostly black foil was lower.4. Differences were found between nutrient supplying treatments and the treatments which did not supply nutrients.
Activity of some enzymes, participating in nitrogen compounds transformation in chernozem, polluted by fluorine compounds
Authors: Gryshko Vitalii
Published: June 2019

Contamination of chernozem by fluorine compounds variously affects those enzymes (urease, asparaginase, glutaminase, arginase, amidase), which takes part in the metabolism of nitrogen-bearing organic compounds. In broken soils the inhibited desaminisations is stronger, than enzymatic hydrolysis of asparagine and arginine. The features of seasonal dynamics of change activity of urease and correlation dependence of its activity from some physical and chemical soils properties are described. These tendencies well comport with the results of model experiments. At minimum HF influence there is inhibition of processes of monohydrocarboxylic acids desaminisation, hydrolytic breaking up of arginine and glutamine. By a side with this there is activating of urea and asparagine breaking up processes on the initial stages of toxicant influence. The study of kinetics of process of urea enzymatic hydrolysis in chernozem at the different level of HF influence showed changes of initial and maximal velocity of enzymatic reaction, and also Michaelis-Menten constant.
DUA FAKTOR PENENTU KEBERHASILAN SEBUAH PROSES INOVASI
Authors: Sutisna Adhikara Joshua , Huseini Martani
Published: June 2019

This article is conducted based on a simple question: why big companies fail? Nowadays, companies are faced with market conditions that are far different compared to a few years ago. Starting from consumers who demand the speed and convenience of the products or services they will consume, until the competition becomes very tight due to the large number of newcomers emerging. Therefore, companies cannot use their old ways that might have worked in the past. Companies must be able to adapt to the current conditions by making various innovations both from the products and processes they do within the company to survive in the market of this era. However, innovation is not as simple as creating something new and different from the others. An innovation process can be said to succeed if the company can not only create a new product or process, but also can distribute the results of the innovation process so that many parties can feel the impact of their innovation. This is a qualitative research that uses comprehensive literature review to analyse the problem. The purpose of this study is to discuss two factors that have an important role in the success of an innovation process, namely creation and deployment. The output of this research is in the form of a table of operationalization of concepts that are expected to be used to help the success of the parties who will carry out an innovation process. Keywords: Innovation, Innovation Process, Creation, Deployment
Perceived quality of sports services in private universities in México
Authors: Morquecho-Sánchez Raquel
Published: June 2019

The quality of sports services has become a trend to ensure the continuity and progress of sports organizations. The objective of this study is to analyze the perceived quality of sports services offered by universities in the private sector of Mexico, by applying the QUNISPORT v.mx instrument to 162 users, of which 65.4% were male and 34.5% were male. % of female gender, the age range between 15 to 26 years. Among the most significant descriptive results, it was found that group sports (80.4%) are more practiced than individual sports (19.6%), in private universities. Regarding perceived quality, it was found that most users consider it necessary to have a medical service (99.4%) during the physical activity; on the other hand, in the functionality and comfort factor of the university sports areas, the item that obtained the lowest values refers to the internal communication means for the suggestions or complaints (A = 3.78, SD = 1.109), that is to say that the Users feel little heard in the follow-up of suggestions or complaints by sports organizations. In conclusion, the importance of carrying out periodic evaluations in sports organizations on the offered sports services is determined, in order to establish a philosophy of continuous improvement. As well as the formal incorporation in organization charts and manuals, a profile of a specific position and / or department of sports management within private universities, where the practice of sport and physical activity is encouraged, which will contribute to the comprehensive training of the college students.
Extensionism in Mexico and its impact on changes in agricultural production yields
Authors: Landín Alcántar Herlinda , Vázquez Miramontes Nicolás , Palomino Núñez Sergio Joel , Mena Castañeda Juan Pablo
Published: June 2019

Extensionism in Mexico emerged as a system of assistance and education to improve production efficiency in the agricultural sector. Initially small groups were instructed in low-income regions to mainly traditional crops such as corn and beans and in minor proportion to livestock species. Subsequently, extension programs were structured to promote productive techniques and methods that improved the efficiency and income of producers. In addition, institutions are involved with the participation of field professionals oriented to the transfer of technology without considering a specific model of evaluation of the dissemination program, product of the involvement of several institutions such as Secretary of Agriculture, Bank, The Agricultural Insurance and others. From the above, it can be deduced that the program had high expectations however; the expected results were not given due to lack of institutional coordination.
Human Capital and Social Capital as Moderators of Start-up Support and Start-up Success
Authors: Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Khin Sabai
Published: June 2019

Objective – Start-up support has not received enough research attention although it is an integral element of the start-up ecosystem that provides resources and services in the form of various support to start-ups. There is a need to explore the effectiveness of various start-up support because the question as to whether such supports contribute to start-up success remains unanswered.
Methodology/Technique – While human capital and social capital has been linked to entrepreneurial success, little is known about how these capitals moderate the effect of start-up access to support.
Findings – This paper contributes to start-up literature by presenting a conceptual framework appropriate to investigate the effect of a start-up’s access to support on start-up success as well as how this effect is accentuated by the human and social capital of start-up entrepreneurs.
Novelty – Further understanding of how human capital and social capital could strengthen the contribution of support to start-up success represents an important direction for future entrepreneurship research. This paper also discusses the limitations of relevant previous research and offers suggestions for future research.
Type of Paper: Review.

Keywords: Start-up Support; Start-up Success; Human Capital; Social Capital; Malaysia.

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kee, D. M. H.; Khin, S. 2019. Human Capital and Social Capital as Moderators of Start-up Support and Start-up Success, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review 4 (2): 107 – 114 https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2019.4.2(2)

JEL Classification: M10, M13, M19.
Validación argentina de la serie 19 del Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas (IAPS)
Authors: Estrada María Evangelina , Rovella Anna Teresa , Brusasca María Claudia , Leporati Jorge Leandro
Published: June 2019

The  aim  of this  study was to report the Argentinian  norms of set 19 of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) developed by Lang (Lang,  Bradley,  &  Cuthbert,  1997)  in  order  to  contribute  to  the  instrument’s cross-cultural  validation.  Participants  were  125  students  from  Universidad Nacional  de  San  Luis  (San  Luis  National  University)  (67%  women  and  33% men)  who  assessed  the  images  in  the  emotional dimensions  of  valence, arousal  and  dominance  through  the  Self-Assessment  Manikin  (SAM).  The results  showed  a  distribution  of  the  pictures  within  the affective  space  in  a boomerang  form,  which  is  similar  to  the  American  sample  (Lang,  Bradley,  & Cuthbert,  2008).  No  differences  in  the  emotional dimensions  of  valence  and arousal  were  identified,  but  they  were  found  in  dominance,  regarding  to  the data obtained by  Lang, Bradley and Cuthbert (2008). This study confirms that the  International  Affective  Picture  System  (IAPS)  induces  similar  affective states  in  different  populations  and  its  affective  stimulus  are  understood similarly by Argentinian and American subjects.
Evaluación de las prácticas parentales: Análisis psicométrico de la escala Adolescent Family Process
Authors: Bobbio Antonella , Arbach Karin , Alderete Ana
Published: June 2019

The  highest  prevalence  of  antinormative  behaviors  occurs  in  adolescence. Parenting  practices  influence  directly  on  the  maintenance  or  desistance  of these  behaviors.  This  paper  explores  the  psychometric  properties  of  the Adolescent  Family  Process  scale  in  a  group  of  301  teenagers  from  Córdoba (Argentine), 27% of them with criminal records. The scale is frequently used in  criminological  studies  for  the  measurement  of  the  relationship  between parenting practices and the antinormative behavior of teenagers. In a general way,  the  scale  proved  to  be  valid  and  reliable  for  the  study  of  parenting practices  in  this  population.   Internal  consistency  rates  were  adequate  and criterion  validity  analysis  showed  that  different  types  of  antinormative behavior are negatively associated with parental practices such as monitoring, communication and approval, and positively correlated with conflict between parents  and  children.  However,  exploratory  factor  analysis  (principal  axes) indicated  a  five  factorial  structure  different  from  those  purposed  in  the original scale. The paternal and maternal practices scales showed differences in the factorial structure. Theoretical and technical implications of findings are discussed.
Infant Scale of Selective Attention: A Proposal to Assess Cognitive Abilities
Authors: Gutiérrez-Hernández Claudia Calipso , Harmony Thalia , Avecilla- Ramírez Gloria Nélida , Barrón-Quiroz Ivette , Guillén-Gasca Verónica , Trejo- Bautista Guadalupe , Bautista-Olvera María Monserrat
Published: June 2019

The aim of this research was to test the Infant Scale of Selective Attention (EEAS, in Spanish) on healthy infants with no suspected neurological damage, in order to obtain normalcy initial parameters for the use of the instrument.The sample consisted of two hundred babies between two and eight months of age who were enrolled in the daycares of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. To obtain the normalcy initial parameters, descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean, the standard deviation, the minimum and maximum scores, and percentiles. The EEAS allows for identification of delays in the development of the attention process by comparing an individual score to their age group in the tables. The findings of this study suggest that EEAS is a useful tool to evaluate the development of the attention process during infancy.
Karşılaştırmalı Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretimine Bir Örnek: Türk ve Rus Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin “İyi Vatandaşlık Algıları”
Authors: AKHAN Nadire Emel , ÇİÇEK Samet
Published: June 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, karşılaştırmalı eğitime bir örnek olması için Türk ve Rus ortaokul öğrencilerinin iyi vatandaşlık algılarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yönteminden, durum çalışması modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubundaki Türk ortaokul öğrencilerini Antalya merkezdeki bir ortaokulun 7. ve 8. sınıf öğrencileri (toplam 31 öğrenci) oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubundaki Rus ortaokul öğrencilerini ise Antalya’da özel bir yabancı okulda öğrenim gören 24 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, Türk öğrencilerin Rus öğrencilere göre iyi vatandaşı daha ulusalcı bir çerçevede açıkladıkları, Rus öğrencilerin ise iyi vatandaşı daha evrensel bir şekilde ifade ettikleri görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçları, sosyal bilgiler öğretim yaklaşımlarının ve sosyal bilgiler dersinin sınıf içi uygulamalardaki farklılığı ile açıklamak mümkündür.
Sugar Derived Oxazolone Pseudotetrapeptide as γ-Turn Inducer and Anion-Selective Transporter
Authors: Burade Sachin S , Pawar Sushil V , Saha Tanmoy , Kumbhar Navnath M , Kotmale Amol S , Ahmad Manzoor , Talukdar Pinaki , Dhavale Dilip D
Published: June 2019

The C3-tetrasubstituted furanoid sugar amino acid derived linear amino acid dipeptide 8 and tetrapeptide 9 on intra-molecular cyclization afforded oxazolone pseudo-peptides 1 and 2a, respectively, with formation of oxazole ring at the C-terminus. Conformational study of 2a showed seven membered intramolecular C=O×××HN (II) hydrogen bonding leading to the γ-turn conformation which is absent in the precursor tetrapeptide 9 thus indicating the role of oxazolone ring in γ-turn formation in 2a. This fact was supported by the molecular modeling studies. The oxazolone ring containing pseudo-tetrapeptide 2a was found to be better ion transporter than pseudodi-peptide1.The ion selectivity of 2a indicated Cl-anion-selective transport via the antiport mechanism.
Ultra-bright CO and [
] Emission in a Lensed z = 2.04 Submillimeter Galaxy with Extreme Molecular Gas Properties
Authors: Dannerbauer H. , Harrington K. , Díaz-Sánchez A. , Iglesias-Groth S. , Rebolo R. , Genova-Santos R. T. , Krips M.
Published: June 2019

We report the very bright detection of cold molecular gas with the IRAM NOEMA interferometer of the strongly lensed source WISE J132934.18+224327.3 at z = 2.04, the so-called Cosmic Eyebrow. This source has a similar spectral energy distribution from optical-mid/IR to submillimeter/radio but significantly higher fluxes than the well-known lensed SMG SMMJ 2135, the Cosmic Eyelash at z = 2.3. The interferometric observations unambiguously identify the location of the molecular line emission in two components, component CO32-A with

Jy km s−1 and component CO32-B with

Jy km s−1. Thus, our NOEMA observations of the CO(3−2) transition confirm the SMG-nature of WISE J132934.18+224327.3, resulting in the brightest CO(3−2) detection ever of an SMG. In addition, we present follow-up observations of the brighter component with the Green Bank Telescope (CO(1−0) transition) and IRAM 30 m telescope (CO(4−3) and [C i](1−0) transitions). The star formation efficiency of ∼100 L
☉/(K km s−1 pc2) is at the overlap region between merger-triggered and disk-like star formation activity and the lowest seen for lensed dusty star-forming galaxies. The determined gas depletion time ∼60 Myr, intrinsic infrared star formation SFRIR ≈ 2000 M
⊙ yr−1, and gas fraction M
mol/M
* = 0.44 indicate a starburst/merger-triggered star formation. The obtained data of the cold ISM—from CO(1−0) and dust continuum—indicates a gas mass μM
mol ∼ 15 × 1011
M
☉ for component CO32-A. Its unseen brightness offers us the opportunity to establish the Cosmic Eyebrow as a new reference source at z = 2 for galaxy evolution.