bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Univariate approximating schemes and their non-tensor product generalization
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Bashir Robina
Published: January 2019

This article deals with univariate binary approximating subdivision schemes and their generalization to non-tensor product bivariate subdivision schemes. The two algorithms are presented with one tension and two integer parameters which generate families of univariate and bivariate schemes. The tension parameter controls the shape of the limit curve and surface while integer parameters identify the members of the family. It is demonstrated that the proposed schemes preserve monotonicity of initial data. Moreover, continuity, polynomial reproduction and generation of the schemes are also discussed. Comparison with existing schemes is also given.
Crystal structure of dichlorido-([2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine]-4′-carboxylic acid-κ3
N,N′,N′′)copper(II) monohydrate, C16H13Cl2CuN3O3
Authors: Feng Xuan , Yang Zhannan , Li Xin-Hua
Published: January 2019

C16H13Cl2CuN3O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.2656(9) Å, b = 17.1737(14) Å, c = 8.7774(7) Å, β = 98.1940(10)°, V = 1680.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0270, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0852, T = 298(2) K.
Effects of temperature on white water treatment by the dominant bacteria
Authors: Lan Hui-xia , Yang Da , Zhang Hao , Qiao Hong-jian , Guo Chun-qian , Lv Ya-xu , Zhang Heng
Published: January 2019

Three dominant bacteria including Virgibacillus pantothenticus, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis were screened from an activated sludge domesticated via white water in the laboratory. The treatment effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity and cationic demand (CD) of the white water by three dominant bacteria were studied in different temperatures. The results showed that the optimum metabolic temperature of the three dominant bacteria was 30 °C with the tested range of 20 °C to 60 °C. The best treatment effect was tended to be stable at a hydraulic retention time of 14 h, COD removal rate was 67.69 %, 77 % and 75.38 %, the electrical conductivity decreased by 0.86 mS/cm, 0.86 mS/cm and 0.62 mS/cm and the CD decreased by 45.61 %, 73.68 % and 50 % for V. pantothenticus, B. cereus, and B. subtilis, respectively.
Navigating the City and the Workplace: Migrant Female Construction Workers and Urban (Im)Mobilities
Authors: Bowers Rebecca
Published: January 2019

While their labour shapes the growing cityscape, migrant construction workers often remain invisible – not only to property developers and consumers but also to the state. For female workers, this is compounded by gender-based discrimination within the industry. Utilising ethnographic data, this article explores how women working in construction in Bengaluru, India, both experience and strive for mobility. It provides a multi-sited analysis to establish the ways in which intersectionality between employment conditions, the urban environment and gender norms may inhibit or facilitate urban mobility for migrant female workers. Few ethnographic studies have attended to women’s experiences of intermingled work/accommodation sites within the industry, although the practices and outcomes produced by the blurring of such boundaries provides fertile ground for analysis. While the article confirms the enduring nature of discrimination experienced by women in the construction industry, it also attends to the ways in which female workers were able to utilise spaces of exploitation. I conclude that precarious livelihoods may not at first glance yield enduring or substantive beneficial outcomes for those compelled to undertake them, but they are nevertheless productive – allowing for the maintenance and fulfilment of aspirations which may not reside within the urban domain.

KEYWORDS circular migration; labour; gender; women; construction work
For a Future of Work with Dignity: A Critique of the World Bank Development Report, The Changing Nature of Work
Authors: Anner Mark , Pons-Vignon Nicolas , Rani Uma
Published: January 2019

Technological change has brought about rapid changes in the world of work over the past decade. The World Bank’s World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work is a welcome contribution as it discusses the transformations that are taking place and tries to advise governments on how best to adapt to them. The report also brings out the concern related to the growing risks associated with tax evasion by large corporations that control the market power and have an ever-greater share of economic activity. However, the report is flawed in many ways as it portrays these changes in the nature of work as essentially benign, requiring “adaptation” and skills acquisition by workers facilitated by the provision of skills and “universal” social coverage by governments, with the latter understood as a prelude to labour-market deregulation. Such a narrow perspective ignores the growing body of research that points to very serious risks and challenges faced by workers in ensuring decent working conditions due to technological changes. This article provides a critique of the World Bank report by focusing on five areas related to technology and the future of work that are fundamental for ensuring minimum standards for workers and to ensure social cohesion: inequality, jobs, labour regulations, trade unions and social protection.

KEYWORDS future of work; technology; inequality; jobs; labour regulation; trade unions; social protection
Impaired Interneuron Development in a Novel Model of Neonatal Brain Injury
Authors: Lacaille Helene , Vacher Claire-Marie , Bakalar Dana , O’Reilly Jiaqi J. , Salzbank Jacquelyn , Penn Anna A.
Published: January 2019

Prematurity is associated with significantly increased risk of neurobehavioral pathologies, including autism and schizophrenia. A common feature of these psychiatric disorders is prefrontal cortex (PFC) inhibitory circuit disruption due to GABAergic interneuron alteration. Cortical interneurons are generated and migrate throughout late gestation and early infancy, making them highly susceptible to perinatal insults such as preterm birth. Term and preterm PFC pathology specimens were assessed using immunohistochemical markers for interneurons. Based on the changes seen, a new preterm encephalopathy mouse model was developed to produce similar PFC interneuron loss. Maternal immune activation (MIA; modeling chorioamnionitis, associated with 85% of extremely preterm births) was combined with chronic sublethal hypoxia (CSH; modeling preterm respiratory failure), with offspring of both sexes assessed anatomically, molecularly and neurobehaviorally. In the PFC examined from the human preterm samples compared to matched term samples at corrected age, a decrease in somatostatin (SST) and calbindin (CLB) interneurons was seen in upper cortical layers. This pattern of interneuron loss in upper cortical layers was mimicked in the mouse PFC following the combination of MIA and CSH, but not after either insult alone. This persistent interneuron loss is associated with postnatal microglial activation that occurs during CSH only after MIA. The combined insults lead to long-term neurobehavioral deficits which parallel human psychopathologies that may be seen after extremely preterm birth. This new preclinical model supports a paradigm in which specific cellular alterations seen in preterm encephalopathy can be linked with a risk of neuropsychiatric sequela. Specific interneuron subtypes may provide therapeutic targets to prevent or ameliorate these neurodevelopmental risks.
Probability Distortion Depends on Choice Sequence in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Ferrari-Toniolo Simone , Bujold Philipe M. , Schultz Wolfram
Published: January 2019

Humans and other primates share many decision biases, among them our subjective distortion of objective probabilities. When making choices between uncertain rewards we typically treat probabilities nonlinearly: overvaluing low probabilities of reward and undervaluing high ones. A growing body of evidence, however, points to a more flexible pattern of distortion than the classical inverse-S one, highlighting the effect of experimental conditions in shifting the weight assigned to probabilities, such as task feedback, learning, and attention. Here we investigated the role of sequence structure (the order in which gambles are presented in a choice task) in shaping the probability distortion patterns of rhesus macaques: we presented 2 male monkeys with binary choice sequences of MIXED or REPEATED gambles against safe rewards. Parametric modeling revealed that choices in each sequence type were guided by significantly different patterns of probability distortion: whereas we elicited the classical inverse-S-shaped probability distortion in pseudorandomly MIXED trial sequences of gamble-safe choices, we found the opposite pattern consisting of S-shaped distortion, with REPEATED sequences. We extended these results to binary choices between two gambles, without a safe option, and confirmed the unique influence of the sequence structure in which the animals make choices. Finally, we showed that the value of gambles experienced in the past had a significant impact on the subjective value of future ones, shaping probability distortion on a trial-by-trial basis. Together, our results suggest that differences in choice sequence are sufficient to reverse the direction of probability distortion.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur lives are peppered with uncertain, probabilistic choices. Recent studies showed how such probabilities are subjectively distorted. In the present study, we show that probability distortions in macaque monkeys differ significantly between sequences in which single gambles are repeated (S-shaped distortion), as opposed to being pseudorandomly intermixed with other gambles (inverse-S-shaped distortion). Our findings challenge the idea of fixed probability distortions resulting from inflexible computations, and points to a more instantaneous evaluation of probabilistic information. Past trial outcomes appeared to drive the “gap” between probability distortions in different conditions. Our data suggest that, as in most adaptive systems, probability values are slowly but constantly updated from prior experience, driving measures of probability distortion to either side of the S/inverse-S debate.
Blasphemy as Bhāvana
Authors: Wilson Jeff
Published: January 2019

Over the course of the twentieth century, Buddhism came to be associated widely with peace, tolerance, and calm detachment in the Western popular imagination. This association was created in opposition to depictions of Christianity as violent, intolerant, and irrational. Buddhism, as the imagined perfect Other, held considerable appeal for counterculture seekers disenchanted with mainstream cultures. While many Buddhist groups played upon these stereotypes to enhance their image and support recruitment, one new Buddhist movement—the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order—went further, employing ritualized “therapeutic blasphemy” to eradicate Christian conditioning in their members and critique mainstream society. Such actions baffled many other Buddhists, but make sense when seen as efforts to heighten in-group solidarity, proclaim distinctive identity, and take the assumption of Buddhism’s superiority over Christianity to its ultimate conclusion. This article attempts to explain why Buddhists might develop intolerant practices, and to assess the costs and benefits of such practices.
Managing thymic enlargement in Graves’ disease
Authors: Kamath C , Witczak J , Adlan M A , Premawardhana L D
Published: January 2019

Thymic enlargement (TE) in Graves’ disease (GD) is often diagnosed incidentally when chest imaging is done for unrelated reasons. This is becoming more common as the frequency of chest imaging increases. There are currently no clear guidelines for managing TE in GD. Subject 1 is a 36-year-old female who presented with weight loss, increased thirst and passage of urine and postural symptoms. Investigations confirmed GD, non-PTH-dependent hypercalcaemia and Addison’s disease (AD). CT scans to exclude underlying malignancy showed TE but normal viscera. A diagnosis of hypercalcaemia due to GD and AD was made. Subject 2, a 52-year-old female, was investigated for recurrent chest infections, haemoptysis and weight loss. CT thorax to exclude chest malignancy, showed TE. Planned thoracotomy was postponed when investigations confirmed GD. Subject 3 is a 47-year-old female who presented with breathlessness, chest pain and shakiness. Investigations confirmed T3 toxicosis due to GD. A CT pulmonary angiogram to exclude pulmonary embolism showed TE. The CT appearances in all three subjects were consistent with benign TE. These subjects were given appropriate endocrine treatment only (without biopsy or thymectomy) as CT appearances showed the following appearances of benign TE – arrowhead shape, straight regular margins, absence of calcification and cyst formation and radiodensity equal to surrounding muscle. Furthermore, interval scans confirmed thymic regression of over 60% in 6 months after endocrine control. In subjects with CT appearances consistent with benign TE, a conservative policy with interval CT scans at 6 months after endocrine control will prevent inappropriate surgical intervention.

Learning points:

Chest imaging is common in modern clinical practice and incidental anterior mediastinal abnormalities are therefore diagnosed frequently.

Thymic enlargement (TE) associated with Graves’ disease (GD) is occasionally seen in view of the above.

There is no validated strategy to manage TE in GD at present.

However, CT (or MRI) scan features of the thymus may help characterise benign TE, and such subjects do not require thymic biopsy or surgery at presentation.

In them, an expectant ‘wait and see’ policy is recommended with GD treatment only, as the thymus will show significant regression 6 months after endocrine control.
Hypercalcitoninaemia in pseudohypo­parathyroidism type 1A and type 1B
Authors: Yavropoulou Maria P , Chronopoulos Efstathios , Trovas George , Avramidis Emmanouil , Elli Francesca Marta , Mantovani Giovanna , Zebekakis Pantelis , Yovos John G
Published: January 2019

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a heterogeneous group of rare endocrine disorders characterised by normal renal function and renal resistance to the action of the parathyroid hormone. Type 1A (PHP1A), which is the most common variant, also include developmental and skeletal defects named as Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). We present two cases, a 54- and a 33-year-old male diagnosed with PHP who were referred to us for persistently high levels of serum calcitonin. AHO and multinodular goitre were present in the 54-year-old male, while the second patient was free of skeletal deformities and his thyroid gland was of normal size and without nodular appearance. We performed GNAS molecular analysis (methylation status and copy number analysis by MS-MLPA) in genomic DNA samples for both patients. The analysis revealed a novel missense variant c.131T>G p.(Leu44Pro) affecting GNAS exon 1, in the patient with the clinical diagnosis of PHP1A. This amino acid change appears to be in accordance with the clinical diagnosis of the patient. The genomic DNA analysis of the second patient revealed the presence of the recurrent 3-kb deletion affecting the imprinting control region localised in the STX16 region associated with the loss of methylation (LOM) at the GNAS A/B differentially methylated region and consistent with the diagnosis of an autosomal dominant form of PHP type 1B (PHP1B). In conclusion, hypercalcitoninaemia may be encountered in PHP1A and PHP1B even in the absence of thyroid pathology.

Learning points:

We describe a novel missense variant c.131T>G p.(Leu44Pro) affecting GNAS exon 1 as the cause of PHP1A.

Hypercalcitoninaemia in PHP1A is considered an associated resistance to calcitonin, as suggested by the generalised impairment of Gsα-mediated hormone signalling.

GNAS methylation defects, as in type PHP1B, without thyroid pathology can also present with hypercalcitoninaemia.
Vagal afferents contribute to sympathoexcitation-driven metabolic dysfunctions
Authors: Lorenzo-Martín L Francisco , Menacho-Márquez Mauricio , Fabbiano Salvatore , Al-Massadi Omar , Abad Antonio , Rodríguez-Fdez Sonia , Sevilla María A , Montero María J , Diéguez Carlos , Nogueiras Rubén , Bustelo Xosé R
Published: January 2019

Multiple crosstalk between peripheral organs and the nervous system are required to maintain physiological and metabolic homeostasis. Using Vav3-deficient mice as a model for chronic sympathoexcitation-associated disorders, we report here that afferent fibers of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve are needed for the development of the peripheral sympathoexcitation, tachycardia, tachypnea, insulin resistance, liver steatosis and adipose tissue thermogenesis present in those mice. This neuronal pathway contributes to proper activity of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, a sympathoregulatory brainstem center hyperactive in Vav3−/−
mice. Vagal afferent inputs are also required for the development of additional pathophysiological conditions associated with deregulated rostral ventrolateral medulla activity. By contrast, they are dispensable for other peripheral sympathoexcitation-associated disorders sparing metabolic alterations in liver.
Integración de los sistemas de gestión de calidad, ambiental y seguridad y salud en el trabajo en una entidad pública del orden nacional del sector hacienda
Authors: Ruiz Rodríguez Andrea , Batista Pérez Marian Helen
Published: January 2019

En las organizaciones hay cada vez más interés en implementar sistemas integrados de gestión desde las normas ISO. Uno de los motivos es porque optimiza las actividades y por tanto reduce esfuerzo, tiempo y costos, permitiendo a la organización ser competitiva y sostenible en los negocios nacionales e internacionales. Sin embargo, la integración de sistemas de gestión es una labor compleja y, de acuerdo con la naturaleza de cada organización, se debe definir la estrategia adecuada. El objetivo del presente artículo es proponer una metodología para integrar el sistema de gestión de calidad (SGC), el sistema de gestión ambiental (SGA), y el sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SGSST) en una entidad del orden nacional del sector hacienda. Para ello, se realizó un diagnóstico del estado actual de implementación del SGC, del SGA y del SGSST en la entidad de estudio. Se analizaron los requisitos particulares de cada norma ISO y de la legislación aplicable, se identificaron metodologías estándar de integración de sistemas de gestión, se definió la metodología a implementar en la entidad en estudio y se aplicaron instrumentos de validación de la metodología propuesta (concepto de expertos, focus group con los líderes de proceso y aplicación en un elemento de la estructura de alto nivel). La metodología de integración establecida sigue la estructura de alto nivel de las normas ISO y contempla la integración de elementos como: contexto de la organización, liderazgo, planificación, soporte, operaciones, evaluación de desempeño y mejora. De acuerdo con la validación con los expertos y los actores, la metodología es pertinente para la organización y favorece el uso eficiente de los recursos y elimina la duplicidad de procesos.
Purine Homeostasis Is Necessary for Developmental Timing, Germline Maintenance and Muscle Integrity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Marsac Roxane , Pinson Benoît , Saint-Marc Christelle , Olmedo María , Artal-Sanz Marta , Daignan-Fornier Bertrand , Gomes José-Eduardo
Published: January 2019

Purine homeostasis is ensured through a metabolic network widely conserved from prokaryotes to humans. Purines can either be synthesized de novo, reused, or produced by interconversion of extant metabolites using the so-called recycling pathway. Although thoroughly characterized in microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria, little is known about regulation of the purine biosynthesis network in metazoans. In humans, several diseases are linked to purine metabolism through as yet poorly understood etiologies. Particularly, the deficiency in adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)—an enzyme involved both in the purine de novo and recycling pathways—causes severe muscular and neuronal symptoms. In order to address the mechanisms underlying this deficiency, we established Caenorhabditis elegans as a metazoan model organism to study purine metabolism, while focusing on ADSL. We show that the purine biosynthesis network is functionally conserved in C. elegans. Moreover, adsl-1 (the gene encoding ADSL in C. elegans) is required for developmental timing, germline stem cell maintenance and muscle integrity. Importantly, these traits are not affected when solely the de novo pathway is abolished, and we present evidence that germline maintenance is linked specifically to ADSL activity in the recycling pathway. Hence, our results allow developmental and tissue specific phenotypes to be ascribed to separable steps of the purine metabolic network in an animal model.
Moteriškasis habitus „štangos“ sporte: lytis ir simbolinis dominavimas
Authors: Karalius Mažvydas
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

Based on P. Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field and masculine domination, the main objective of this article is to reconstruct the social boundaries of women’s weightlifting and the operating principles of the woman’s habitus within the field of bodybuilding. It is argued that women’s body fitness and women’s bodybuilding are inevitably related to power and gender. An analysis of qualitative, semi-structured interviews with four female athletes (of whom two are female fitness athletes and two others are former female bodybuilders) provides answers to the main research question: what embodied social regulations enable (or restrict) the access of women to an athletic discipline if it is traditionally defined in terms of masculinity? It is further argued that two main criteria arise and take effect in the field of weightlifting: besides the necessity to follow a strict regime and maintain the body in proper shape, a no less important social rule is to embody a socially acceptable form of femininity. The concept of a “synchronized body” is suggested in order to explain the everyday effort to keep the athletic body in between the ever insufficient femininity and the excessive masculinity. Finally, in terms of their bodies, women athletes practice specific strategies in order to suppress the identity conflict between their athletic and “normal,” mundane lives.
Nemonogamija: sociologiniai kintančio intymumo tyrimai
Authors: Lyzenko Darja
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

This article discusses the concepts of monogamy, nonmonogamy and consensual nonmonogamy (swinging, polyamory and open relationships). The cultural forces questioning the perspectives of the normativity of monogamy are similarly being argued. In addition, issues regarding the mono-normative position of monogamy, its legitimacy and relationship with the concepts of monogamy and nonmonogamy are also explored.
Agresijos demaskavimas Oskaro Koršunovo ir Larso von Triero kūryboje
Authors: Zaksaitė Salomėja
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

This article explores issues related to how social roles, when imposed, become oppressive to on an individual, and how consciously chosen roles become “more true” than the reality itself and advance the investigation of human nature. The text consists of three parts. In the first part, we discuss dramaturgical theory as well as the psychosocial and artistic experiments about the social power of enacted social roles. The second part is an analysis of a trilogy directed by Lithuanian theatre director Oskaras Koršunovas – Hamlet, The Lower Depths and The Seagull. It is followed by an examination of the trilogy of Danish cinema director Lars von Trier – Antichrist, Melancholia and Nymphomaniac. Both trilogies embrace certain common dichotomies: truth vs. lie; individual responsibility vs. collective conformism; freedom vs. oppression; life vs. death; openness vs. hypocrisy; reality vs. fiction; deep play vs. superficial theatricality. The analyzed works of art, combined with the psychosocial experiments, reveal that realistic play (experimentation) can help to grasp shocking data about human behavior that would be extremely difficult to obtain without dramaturgical acting.
Genetic Aspects of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Bogomolov Pavel O. , Kokina Kseniya Yu. , Mayorov Aleksander Yu. , Mishina Ekaterina E.
Published: January 2019

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most commonly diagnosed hepatopathy. There is an increase in the incidence of NAFLD in the structure of liver diseases in children and adolescents, which is directly related to the increasing prevalence of obesity. The spectrum of liver tissue changes in NAFLD ranges from benign hepatocellular steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis of the liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma. With the increasing prevalence of NAFLD in children, we can expect an increase in the incidence of adverse outcomes among people of working age. The key problem for NAFLD is the prediction of disease outcomes. In epidemiological and genetic studies, the relationship between the morphological stage of NAFLD and hereditary factors is shown. Currently, there are three genes associated with NAFLD (PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and GCKR), which, together with the genes responsible for insulin resistance, lipid deposition, inflammation and fibrogenesis in hepatocytes, determine the phenotype of fatty liver disease. The article considers the modern understanding of the issues of genetics, development of liver steatosis and progression of NASH. It is expected that this knowledge can transform our risk stratification strategies in patients with NAFLD and help identify new therapeutic goals.
How Not to Miss the Mild Forms of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I in Patients With Articular Manifestations of the Disease?
Authors: Buchinskaya Natalia V. , Kostik Mikhail M. , Kolobova Oksana L. , Melnikova Larisa N.
Published: January 2019

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a hereditary metabolic disease that manifests itself in childhood by systemic damage to tissues and organs, a constantly progressive course leading to disability. Diagnosis of mild forms of the disease is particularly difficult due to the absence of specific symptoms. A specific symptom of the mild forms of MPS I (as for other types of MPS) is joint stiffness in children combined with hernia, frequent infections, or valvular defects. Stiffness in MPS I is often interpreted as a manifestation of rheumatological diseases (arthrogriposis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis). The article offers a simple algorithm for diagnosing MPS I, which helps to eliminate the disease using a simple test for determining the activity of an enzyme called alpha-L-iduronidase in a dried blood spot.
Courtney G. Goto, Taking on Practical Theology: The Idolization of Context and the Hope for Community
Authors: Cho David
Published: January 2019

Please click the PDF button to access the full review.
Lauren F. Winner, The Dangers of Christian Practice: On Wayward Gifts, Characteristic Damage, and Sin
Authors: Liu Gerald C.
Published: January 2019

Please click the PDF button to access the full review.
High dialysis membranes permeability: pluses and minuses
Authors: Strokov A. G. , Poz I. L.
Published: January 2019

Up-to-date technologies have led to significant improvement of haemodialysis membranes biocompatibility and permeability. The new classes of membranes, high cut-off and middle cut-off, allow enhanced removal of middle molecules such as β2-microglobulin and even larger molecules. High membrane permeability along with the wide use of convective modalities are accompanied by increased albumin loss during dialysis. What is the acceptable upper limit for this loss and where is the right balance between the benefit of enhanced uremic substances removal and potential adverse effects of albumin deprivation are the active areas of research.
Monetary Policy Options at the Effective Lower Bound: Assessing the Federal Reserve's Current Policy Toolkit
Authors: Gagnon Etienne , Paustian Matthias , Chung Hess , Nakata Taisuke , Schlusche Bernd , Trevino James , Vilan Diego , Zheng Wei
Published: January 2019

We simulate the FRB/US model and a number of statistical models to quantify some of the risks stemming from the effective lower bound (ELB) on the federal funds rate and to assess the efficacy of adjustments to the federal funds rate target, balance sheet policies, and forward guidance to provide monetary policy accommodation in the event of a recession. Over the next decade, our simulations imply a roughly 20 to 50 percent probability that the federal funds rate will be constrained by the ELB at some point. We also find that forward guidance and balance sheet polices of the kinds used in response to the Global Financial Crisis are modestly effective in speeding up the labor market recovery and return of inflation to 2 percent following an economic slump. However, these policies have only small effects in limiting the initial rise in the unemployment rate during a recession because of transmission lags. As with any model-based analysis, we also discuss a number of c aveats regarding our results.
Growth, yield and yield component attributes of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) varieties in the highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Firehiwot , Asmare Bimrew , Yeheyis Likawent
Published: January 2019

An experiment was conducted to characterize the growth and yield performance of narrow-leafed sweet blue lupin varieties (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in northwestern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and included 7 varieties (Bora, Probor, Sanabor, Vitabor, Haags blaue, Borlu and Boregine). Data on days to flowering and to maturity, flower color, plant height, numbers of leaflets, branches and pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, forage dry matter (DM) yield, grain yield and 1,000-seed weight were recorded. The results showed that plant height, number of branches per plant, forage DM yield, number of seeds per pod, grain yield and 1,000-seed weight varied significantly (P<0.01) among varieties. The highest forage DM yield at 50% flowering (2.67 t/ha), numbers of pods per plant (16.9) and of seeds per pod (4.15), grain yield (1,900 kg/ha) and 1,000-seed weight (121 g) were obtained from the Boregine variety. The tallest plants and greatest number of branches per plant were recorded from varieties Sanabor and Bora, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the major factor affecting forage DM yield was plant height, while plant height, days to maturity and number of seeds per pod had the greatest influence on grain yield. The best performing variety was Boregine followed by Sanabor and Bora. These varieties seem promising for the development of sustainable forage production strategies with limited external inputs. However, future research should be conducted on the improvement of their agronomy and the possibility of their utilization as protein supplements using narrow-leafed sweet blue lupin forage or grain, as well as testing of promising varieties in diverse locations.
AN ATTEMPT TO ASSESS THE SCALE OF HIDDEN UNEMPLOYMENT IN POLISH AGRICULTURE IN 2017
Authors: Kołodziejczak Włodzimierz
Published: January 2019

Hidden employment in agriculture is one of the key outstanding problems in the Polish rural modernization process. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the extent of changes in the Polish market in a scenario where the share of agricultural employees in the total number of employees would be close to that recorded in European Union countries (5%). In the study period, the level of hidden unemployment in agriculture varies from one voivodeship to another. The level of agricultural employment and the amount of surplus workforce suggest that structural factors continue to have a strong impact. There are no realistic ways to reduce agricul- tural employment if the released workforce have no alterna- tive non-agricultural job opportunities which are conveniently located and match their qualitative characteristics. However, the 5% level used in the simulation seems attainable within a ten to twenty-year time frame, mainly because of the per- sistent economic growth and a shortage of labor experienced in non-agricultural sectors. The creation of jobs and the align- ment of qualitative (structural) characteristics between labor supply and demand must be a natural process resulting in a sustainable balance in the labor market which does not re- quire to be artificially maintained with public funds.
A new approach for Steganography: Bit shifting operation of encrypted data in LSB (SED-LSB)
Authors: SOLAK Serdar , ALTINIŞIK Umut
Published: January 2019

In this article, a new method is presented by
adding bit shift of encrypted data in LSB method (SED-LSB). The message to be
embedded in the cover image is encrypted by the key received from the user.
Then, secret data are obtained by bit shifting operation using this encrypted
text. Finally, the secret data is hidden inside the cover image using the LSB
method. SED-LSB is performed by preparing GUI in MATLAB. The quality of the
cover image is measured by Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), besides the similarity
between the cover and stego image is determined by the Structural Similarity
Index (SSIM). The 512 x 512 size of colored images as Lena,
Peppers, Fruits and Baboon are used to hide 87373 byte data. PSNR values are
between 51.615 – 51.656 and SSIM values are between 0.99937 – 0.99982. In the
proposed method, when data are hidden at a higher capacity, stage image is
found not only secure but also high quality.
Design of Hybrid Refractive/Diffractive Lenses for Wearable Reality Displays
Authors: SAHİN Furkan E
Published: January 2019

Wearable reality displays promise revolutionary developments
for a wide range of applications. The key to achieving a high‑quality wearable
reality display system is to design a comfortable‑to‑wear, compact, lightweight
system that can provide high resolution and high contrast. One potential method
for achieving a compact and high‑resolution display system is through designing
a hybrid refractive/diffractive lens. With this approach, a chromatically‑corrected
optical system can be implemented with a single‑element lens.
Ecosystem services provision by gully control. A review
Authors: Romero-Díaz A. , Díaz-Pereira E. , De Vente J.
Published: January 2019

Gully erosion causes severe damage to crops and infrastructures and affects the provision of ecosystem services worldwide. To assess the potential of gully control measures to protect ecosystem services and assess the conditions required for their large-scale implementation, this paper critically evaluates a range of gully control measures documented in the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT). Environmental and socio-economic impacts of technologies are assessed, as well as the implications for ecosystem services, costs and benefits of implementation, and stakeholder’s perception. It is demonstrated how gully control measures provide notable on-site and off-site benefits for socio-economic, cultural, ecological, and production goals, and to protect crucial ecosystem services. Control measures particularly contribute to soil and water conservation and to regulating ecosystem services by controlling soil erosion, water cycling, and natural hazards. Most effective control measures consist of combined vegetative and structural measures and of catchment wide interventions. While implementation of gully control can initially be expensive, on the long term, the cost-benefit ratio is usually positive. Moreover, the results emphasize the importance of evaluating control measures considering monetary aspects and all ecosystem services they provide. Nevertheless, individual farmers can often not afford the implementation and maintenance costs due to barriers for implementation and therefore require sustained institutional support.
Geomorfología paraglacial asociada a la inestabilidad de laderas en el Brazo Norte del Lago Argentino, Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Moragues S. , Lenzano M.G. , Moreiras S. , Lenzano L.
Published: January 2019

El retroceso y adelgazamiento de los glaciares a nivel mundial en las últimas décadas inciden directamente sobre la estabilidad de las laderas. La cuenca del glaciar Upsala y los glaciares del Brazo Norte del lago Argentino, han sufrido un marcado retroceso generando valles con pronunciadas pendientes y cubiertas con depósitos morrénicos inestables. Las laderas se encuentran fuertemente desestabilizadas, favoreciendo la generación de procesos geomorfológicos paraglaciales. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y analizar la geomorfología paraglacial, asociada a los procesos de inestabilidad. Se realiza un análisis geomorfológico del terreno a través de la combinación de parámetros morfométricos y factores intervinientes que condicionan y desencadenan estos procesos, mediante el uso de imágenes de satélite. Los resultados muestran que la geomorfología paraglacial se encuentra influenciada por la combinación de: (i) parámetros morfométricos del terreno, entre ellos, elevaciones del terreno superiores a 700 m, pendientes promedios con un rango entre 25º-45º, orientación de las laderas este-noroeste con mayor insolación, curvatura cóncava del terreno y rugosidad leve a moderada (0,40-0,65); (ii) factores condicionantes, material morrénico depositado por los glaciares, afloramientos rocosos meteorizados y cobertura vegetal; (iii) factores desencadenantes, aporte de agua subterránea por infiltración de lagunas proglaciales y aporte superficial por precipitaciones, deshielo y escurrimiento, variación de temperaturas del aire y del suelo y variación del nivel del lago. En síntesis, las laderas que presentan mayores procesos geomorfológicos paraglaciales, producto de procesos de remoción en masa, son las que se encuentran en contacto directo con los glaciares Upsala, Bertacchi y Cono, la ladera occidental del canal Upsala y algunas zonas de los valles Moyano y Norte. El área se caracteriza por una combinación de ambientes glacial y paraglacial, siendo cada uno parte integral de la evolución del entorno.
Análisis socio-técnico de los regímenes de promoción industrial de 1944 y 1958 en el sector automotriz en Argentina
Authors: Picabea Facundo , Urcelay Florencia E.
Published: January 2019

Iniciada la década de 1940, el Estado se constituyó como un actor fundamental en el proceso de industrialización de Argentina. Su participación como interventor, relacionado con la planificación y el control de la economía, se advierte en la promulgación de políticas específicas de promoción industrial. Este artículo analiza los regímenes de 1944 y 1958, plasmados en el Decreto 14.630/44, ratificado como Ley de Industrias de Interés Nacional número 13.892, y la Ley 14.781 Régimen para el Desarrollo Industrial, respectivamente. Asimismo, se analiza la forma en que cada regulación configuró un modelo de cambio tecno-productivo y por lo tanto un tipo de industria; también, analiza comparativamente los modelos de intervención estatal en una rama central del modelo de acumulación de industrialización por sustitución de importaciones y los fundamentos ideológicos que los orientaron.
Foundation stone
Authors: Ferrer Forés Jaime
Published: January 2019

The teaching and learning of the project in an initial course constitute the central argument of this article that explores the theoretical foundations on which the practice of the architectural project is based. A theoretical framework is formulated that summarizes a transmissible set of knowledge ordered around the notion of typos, topos, tectonics that come from the culture of the architectural discipline itself and that emanate from architectural works. The teaching program addresses the project process from the conceptualization of the spatial, formal and constructive terms in a reflexive effort, a theoretical thought that gives meaning and coherence to the architectural form. Through the conceptualization of the foundations raised, the course proposes a reflection on the practice of the architectural project vindicating the interest of architecture for disciplinary knowledge.
Potentialities of drawing from observation in architectural analysis based on an analysis of the Copan building
Authors: Oukawa Carolina
Published: January 2019

Observation drawing can be a central tool in architectural analysis. The starting point for reflection was the analytical path of Copan Building, icon of the architecture of São Paulo, designed in the 1950 by Oscar Niemeyer. One of the motivations of that research was the lack of architectural analysis as a discipline. In music, for example, structural disciplines (Harmony, Counterpoint and Musical Perception) lead to Musical Analysis discipline, which combines reading sheet music, listening to recordings and executing the play itself. Similarly, in architecture, observation drawing made in loco can be a tool of recognition of space. In Copan analysis, besides graphical analysis (the closest one still can get from an architectural analysis procedure) successive visits to the building were made. Observation drawing proved to increase spatial perception and, above all, led to discoveries about the work.
The Alcazar of Seville during the Spanish II Republic (1931-1939)
Authors: Bañasco Sánchez Pablo , Barrero Ortega Pedro
Published: January 2019

The Alcazar of Seville, listed as World Heritage from 1987, was ceded to the Town Hall of the city during the Spanish Second Republic (1931). Since this moment, the management of the monument was carried out by two institutions: Republic Heritage and the Sevillian Town Hall. The figure of Alfonso Lasso de la Vega must be highlighted, first Municipal Director-Conservator, whose management project was pointed to make it economically profitable the palace. After his cessation, the poet Romero Murube was the responsible of the management. During his first years as Director-Conservator, he faced architectural interventions in the courtyards of the Lion and of the Hunting. This project was developed with the collaboration of architects like Juan Talavera y Heredia or Félix Hernández Giménez, with two distinguishable restoring criterions.
The experience of the Municipal Spatial Planning in Ecuador
Authors: Benabent Fernández de Córdoba Manuel , Vivanco Cruz Lorena
Published: January 2019

Since 2010, Ecuador's legal system has obliged provincial, cantonal and parochial decentralized autonomous govern-ments to develop two planning processes, one in 2011 of formulation and the other in 2015 of respective updating of development plans and territorial planning (PDOT). This planning process has been of little benefit, due to the quality of its contents and the vagueness of the legislation regarding the procedure for articulating the different plans with each other and with the National Development Plan. According to this approach, it is necessary to reflect on the planning experience so far, analyzing the different phases of the PDOT: diagnosis, proposal and management model; and the impact of the Organic Law of Territorial Ordinance, Use and Management of Land and other laws in the different instruments of territorial ordering and urban planning, in order to extract inputs for future planning processes.
Extension and pedagogical practice in architecture
Authors: Martínez Osorio Pedro , García Sánchez Eder
Published: January 2019

The pedagogical practices developed in articulation with the extension office called "architectural consulting" attached to the architecture program of Caribbean University Corporation in Sincelejo, Colombia, are presented in order to reflect on the exercises developed in the light of one of the functions inherent in the university in the 21st century: innovation, specifically speaking of recent trends in social sustainability and its relationship with pedagogical practice in architecture. The adopted methodology, with a participatory approach, was developed in 4 phases: problem identification, work criteria, conceptualization, and implementation. Examples of the participatory works developed by students of the architecture program are shown, which generate alternatives for local development in the city, in places where the municipal administration and its planning structures do not reach to arrive in an effective way. Changes are identified in the role of pedagogical practices focused on social innovation and the new functions they assume, students, teachers and communities involved in the critical construction of the new citizenship.
The usefulness of monocyte to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in prediction for coronary artery ectasia
Authors: TOSU Aydın Rodi , ÇİNAR Tufan , GÜLER Arda , KAHRAMAN Serkan , Gürbak İsmail
Published: January 2019

Aim: Monocyte count to high
density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) has been shown to be a useful inflammatory marker
in patients with coronary artery disease. Hence, the
aim of the study was to evaluate whether there is an association between
coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and MHR.

Material
and methods: In this retrospective case-control study, a total of 5500
patients who underwent an elective coronary angiography between July 2013 and
July 2016 were retrospectively screened. Of these
patients, 150 (2.7%) patients were found to have an isolated CAE. The
control group was consisted of 150 normal coronary artery
patients who matched with this group in terms of age, gender, and body mass
index.

Results: The median value of MHR was found to be a statistically higher in
patients with CAE (p<0.05). In
multivariable analyses, MHR (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.219-2.484, p=0.002) was found to be an independent
predictor of CAE.

Conclusion: We observed that MHR levels were higher in CAE patients when compared
to healthy subjects. Our findings may indicate a common pathophysiological
mechanism between CAE and coronary artery disease.