bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the level of formation of personal qualities of future trainers of the first (bachelor’s) level of education
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Omelchenko Alina
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the importance of developing the personal qualities of future coaches in the educational and training process. The article analyzes the essence and role of a coach in an athlete's life. On the basis of scientific research by leading Ukrainian scientists in physical education and sports, as well as psychology and pedagogy, the main personal qualities of a coach and their role in the educational and training process of athletes have been synthesized. In their writings, modern scientists distinguish the main skills of a coach as analytical, prognostic, projective, organizational, communicative, subject-practical and reflective. According to some authors, the basis of coaching activity is constructive, organizational, project, communicative, diagnostic, gnostic and motor skills. Based on these data, we proposed conducting four tests to identify the type of temperament, the level of formation of leadership and managerial qualities, as well as the level of emotional stability. To achieve the main goal of the study, we conducted the above tests with future coaches. The results of the tests were highlighted on the charts. 20 higher education students of the 4th year of the first bachelor's level of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Physical Education and Sports of the "Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University" took part in the testing. The results of the tests indicated a sufficient level of formation of the personal qualities necessary for the future coach.
Farewell to the term ‘non-alcoholic fatty liver disease’
Authors: Mortimore Gerri
Published: September 2023

Gerri Mortimore discusses why the term ‘non-alcoholic fatty liver disease’ is no longer used in practice and how the new term, ‘metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease’, came to be
The NHS Long Term Workforce Plan
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: September 2023

Penny Harrison takes a look at how the NHS intends to tackle the many challenges it faces by implementing the NHS Long Term Workforce Plan
APLICAÇÕES DA CULTURA DE TECIDOS NO MELHORAMENTO DE PLANTAS
Authors: Rodriguez Juan
Published: September 2023

A cultura de tecidos é um método que consiste em isolar qualquer parte da planta (explante), seja uma célula, um tecido, ou um órgão, para cultivá-la em condições assépticas, sobre um meio nutritivo artificial. Qualquer célula no organismo vegetal contém toda à informação genética necessária à regeneração de uma planta completa, fenômeno que é denominado de totipotência. Entre os fenômenos morfogenéticos que ocorrem ir vitro.
FLORBELA ESPANCA: A POETISA DE MIL AMORES
Authors: Simões de Oliveira Rosalva
Published: September 2023

Fiorbela de Alma da Conceição Espanca, personalidade excepcional, de profunda riqueza interior, fez poesia da sua experiência de mulher. Considerada hoje uma das maiores poetisas portuguesas, optou por uma poesia ardente, marcada por forte dose de erotismo sincero e ousado para o seu tempo. Este estudo pretende destacar algumas das características da obra dessa poetisa, um dos caminhos para conhecê-la.
Challenging common police perceptions of career criminals and serious offenders
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

This chapter challenges the prevailing police psychology about the crime specialist offender, particularly the perceived narrow offending patterns of serious criminals. Both research on criminal careers and theories, including Rational Choice Theory and Routine Activity Theory, support the stance that police thinking should shift from seeing serious offenders as offence specialist to being ‘offence versatile’. Indeed, dedicated research suggests that a shift in police psychology on criminal careers is needed so that serious criminals might be better targeted and identified by all the crimes that they commit, big or small, in terms of seriousness.
Psychology and crime prevention
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

Presented in this chapter is how psychology can and should be used by police and others to inform the prevention of crime. An exploration of what can be done using several crime prevention approaches; namely, Clarke’s Situational Crime Prevention (1997) and Thaler and Sunstein’s ‘Nudge’ (2008). Examples include the adoption of a nudge approach to reducing thefts from insecure vehicles and guidance on how to devise nudges is presented (NUDGE_IT). Finally, suggestions are made for how to counter accusations that giving prevention advice to potential victims is tantamount to blaming them for being victims of crime, with the REACT acronym presented.
Introduction: Culture matters
Authors: Mitchell Emma
Published: September 2023

The Introduction situates the book’s aim of foregrounding culturally diverse accounts of welfare in relation to living social policy and moving social policy. It sets up the approach of the book as informed by ethnrographic attention to depth and complexity and the author’s first-hand perspective of an improverished life on welfare. This approach is attuned to the messiness and vivacity of lived lives and the uneven places and provisions of welfare within a fragmented welfare landscape. The introduction traces the movement of welfare policy and politics across the life of the research from PhD project to book. It shows how dominant policy ideas of vulnerability and resonsbility have remained current even as the meanings of those ideas have shifted across time and place.
Deepened coloniality, heightened structuralism: implications for intellectual thought and praxis in the Caribbean
Authors: Esnard Talia
Published: September 2023

Using critical perspectives, Chapter 3 centres some of the structural challenges related to global economic relations, subjectivities and transformative action in the Caribbean. In so doing, the interrogation of radical thought within the region situates some of the historical contentions related to intellectual thought, freedom, leadership and social change in the Caribbean, with the university at the centre of this dialectal conundrum. As the chapter shows, these are further complicated within the contemporary era by the increasing infiltration of neoliberal agendas into the framing of academic work and institutional cultures. The chapter ends, however, with a treatment and recognition of the potential for critical pedagogy as subversive practice and change agendas. Where the contradictions and tensions of Caribbean societies raise doubt as to the promise of change, the chapter closes with some consideration of the unfinished interrogations and applications of critical pedagogy, (post)coloniality, structuralism and praxis central to resistance and contestations of these processes.
What doesn’t kill you makes you weaker: an uncanny story of contemporary academic life 1
Authors: Vicars Mark
Published: September 2023

In recent years, higher education has undergone significant shifts, heralded by the rise of organisational reforms and regulated disciplinarity. Becoming subject to the particularities of academic labour in the ‘new’ university has been an unsettling and uncanny experience. Drawing together the threads of personal and professional experience, Chapter 8 looks at the effects of having to renegotiate questions to do with identity, power and social wellbeing. The extent to which the author’s recent re-experience of self has been/is embedded within the wider sociological relations of power is explored and as a researcher interested in narrative and life history approaches I frequently focus on the telling moments in life stories and how these moments are often connected to life transitions and transformations. This chapter re-tells a reflexive and biographically positioned ‘truth’ to speak about and re/story a narrative of psychological, physical and emotional dis/ease.
The failure of reform
Authors: Cunneen Chris
Published: September 2023

Over the last 50 years, there have been numerous high-profile judicial inquiries, presidential commissions, royal commissions, and national reports into one policing crisis after another across a spectrum of countries. While these reports have varied in terms of scope and specific content, there are many commonalities in the broad focus of recommendations, particularly in the need to change police through a suite of internal police reform mechanisms and improved measures for accountability. The key police reform priorities which are often identified (and endlessly repeated from one inquiry to the next) include enhancing community policing, introducing diversity quotas and recruitment initiatives, technical solutions such as body cameras, a greater reliance on evidence-based policing (EBP), and various measures to improve citizen complaints systems and accountability mechanisms. Added to this catalogue is recommended investment in an almost never-ending list of training courses: in de-escalation techniques, in cross-cultural awareness, anti-racism and unconscious bias, in the use of force and physical restraints, to identify signs and symptoms of mental illness, in community policing and community-based crime reduction programs, in responding to domestic violence and sexual assault, and so on. This chapter turns to the failure of reform and the problem of police reformism. The discussion focuses on the limitations of programs of reform in affecting meaningful change. Given the number of inquiries and recommendations and the failure of empirical evidence, research, or practice to show significant improvements, it appears to be a case of not learning from continual failure and instead doing more of the same over again.
Roles of philanthropic foundations as funders and distribution agents in disaster response
Authors: Williamson Alexandra , Leat Diana
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on the roles of foundations as funders/grantmakers and as distribution agents for money from other sources (for example, public giving). Different models of distribution of money from other sources, the governance and management challenges to be met, foundations’ roles, and debates around the advantages and disadvantages of different models are considered. Key distribution dilemmas are examined, including issues of justice, fairness, accountability versus confidentiality, timing, beneficiary and donor voices, cultural differences in distribution and other ethical issues.
Fundraising, grantmaking and regulatory issues: regulating good in bad times
Authors: McGregor-Lowndes Myles
Published: September 2023

The mobilisation and distribution of philanthropy in response to disasters occur with legal and regulatory frameworks associated with trust and charity law, and are promoted – or inhibited – by a government’s policies supporting philanthropy. In this chapter, the legal tangles that often arise in the collection and distribution of disaster funds are assessed. Key issues with legal implications include fraud, beneficiaries who do not meet the test of being ‘charitable’, the problems created when the amounts raised are too small or too large for the intended purposes, and communities divided over the distribution of funds. The potential conflicts between charity law and the expectations of donors and affected communities are illustrated through two sets of case studies: fatal bus crashes some 60 years apart in England and Canada; and Australian natural disaster appeals nearly 50 years apart. Philanthropy is not the only means of compensating those affected by disasters, however. It works alongside, albeit independently from, insurance, government payments and tort awards for negligence. The illustrative cases, coupled with the rise of online crowdfunding and social media, point to the need for reforms, including greater coordination between, or at least consideration of, the multiple modes of compensation.
Doing good better: public policy for disaster philanthropy
Authors: Phillips Susan D. , Pue Kristen
Published: September 2023

The role of public policy in philanthropic response to disasters is ad hoc, short-lived and short-sighted in not supporting philanthropy in the preparation, mitigation and resilience stages of disasters. The primary policy instruments are special tax incentives or ‘rebates’, which top up existing tax deductions or credits to raise funds in response to particular disasters, and matched funding by which government supplements amounts raised through donations. Both are applied selectively so they benefit those affected by some disasters more than others, usually those that have attracted greater media and public attention. Additional instruments are needed to move disaster philanthropy from its short-term horizon of immediate relief to addressing longer-term stages. Donors would benefit from more information about: the range of nonprofits working in affected locales; the value in almost all cases of donating money rather than goods; and understanding that raising and managing donations requires infrastructure and incurs administrative costs which also need to be supported. Regulation as a component of policy frameworks is becoming more complex, particularly related to cross-border giving and crowdfunding and managing liability for nonprofits hosting volunteers.
The policy analysis profession in Korea
Authors: Lee Inwon
Published: September 2023

The role of policy analysis becomes critical for policymaking and implementation in the policy process. This chapter provides a brief review of the history of the policy analysis profession in Korea, the realities of the policy analysis profession and requirements for future policy analysts in terms of professional qualifications. In Korea, policy analysis professions first emerged as they played a critical role in formulating modernised country systems in the early 1960s as a central government formulates the national development agenda. Policy analysis began to be recognised as an independent, arguably most critical element of the policy process after 1980. Now, based on their expertise in policy analysis and evaluation, policy analysts either directly participate in formulating new policies and projects, implementing established policies and projects, and monitoring their performance, or providing professional advice on the adequacy and validity of the outcomes of each process. At the individual level, those who wish to become policy analysts in the future are expected to possess substantial knowledge about both policy process and the field of policy they specialise in, analytical techniques, communication skills, and ethics.
Policy analysis in Korean local governments
Authors: Ha Hyunsang
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses policy analysis in Korean local governments and presents the limitations of such analysis, as well as possible improvements. Since Korea has traditionally been dominated by a top-down policy approach from the central government, local governments did not carry out a great deal of policy analysis. However, one of the main forms of policy analysis performed by Korean local governments began with the introduction of the Local Financial Investment Project Review System in 1992.
In order to improve policy analysis in Korean local governments, the research institute performing feasibility studies and the local government that commissioned it must have an independent relationship. It also needs to improve policy analysis methods and to apply ex-post controls and penalties on research institutes performing the studies. Lastly, this chapter suggests application of standard analytical criteria and expansion of their policy analysis scope to small-scale and non-financial investment projects.
The myth of local government incompetency
Authors: Ko Kilkon , Kim Ran
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the case of the Seoul Metropolitan government’s new initiative for an independent pre-feasibility study intended to enhance its capacity for decision making on public investment. In this chapter, we observe that cost-benefit analysis would not function well when co-opted external policy analysts perform it. However, Seoul Metropolitan government enjoys benefits by establishing an independent research centre specialised in feasibility studies, and significantly reduces co-optation and improves the analysis’s quality. Moreover, a pre-feasibility study plays a catalytic role in bringing the policy community to embrace high-quality analytic information during policymaking. The finding suggests that some alleged incompetent local governments can make better and the right public investment decisions through appropriate institutionalisation of the policy analysis process.
Where it all begins: the tasks for Education and others
Authors: Riddell Richard
Published: September 2023

To begin the discussion over three chapters of the need for proper governance structures, this chapter sets out the challenges for the UK and England currently. It details changing employment patterns, poverty, unequal access to schooling and how these have been worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. This sets the scene for what has to be new thinking, including in Education – the challenge to be faced.
Exploring older men’s intergenerational friendships: masculinities, ageing and ageism
Authors: O’Dare Catherine Elliott , del Aguila Ernesto Vasquez
Published: September 2023

The importance and benefits of friendship to the wellbeing of older adults has been extensively explored in research. This chapter examines the social construction of older age and later life by men (aged 65 and over) in the context of a particular ‘type’ of friendship, namely, intergenerational friendships. Intergenerational friendship is understood as a friendship between a younger and a significantly older adult, who are not related. This chapter discusses how older men negotiate age and ageing in their everyday lives, with and through their intergenerational friendships. We conclude that older men do not conform to the representations of older people as being disengaged and a ‘burden’. Within the realm of ageing masculinities and intergenerational friendship, these men perceive themselves as an equal ‘partner’, giving and taking in equal measure, challenging expectations of what older people ‘should’ do and be. The research and conclusions presented have implications for policy and practice, in contributing to the understanding of how older men seek enjoyment and belonging in later life.
Older men’s informal coping practices for maintaining mental wellbeing: the importance of social connections and community groups
Authors: Vickery Alex
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines older men’s informal coping practices for maintaining mental wellbeing. It considers the ways in which varying masculine identities influence older men’s coping practices, and how older men may reinforce or reconstruct hegemonic masculinity. When examining older men’s experiences of mental health, it is important to recognise the unique challenges older men may face in maintaining or redefining masculine identity, as well as how masculinity might change across the life course. As such, older men may have different and more informal mental health coping strategies. In focusing on older men’s coping practices, this chapter identifies older men’s alternatives to professional support, including how social relationships and community connections can assist older men to maintain their mental health and wellbeing.
Ageing men as changing men? Considering cultural and historical influences of the 1960s on masculinities and gender relations in later life
Authors: Leontowitsch Miranda
Published: September 2023

This conceptual chapter considers the historicity of the 1960s and how it has rippled through into the construction of masculinities and gender relations in contemporary later life. With a particular focus on the generational unit sharing political and cultural rifts around what has been termed ‘1968’, it asks whether later life might constitute an arena in which the ideals of that era contribute to the construction of more egalitarian ageing masculinities. This perspective draws attention to the way masculinities are acted upon and enacted in the context of biography, the sociohistorical as well as cultural changes of people’s lives. The attention given to the 1968 era is based on the idea that its key characteristics, political dissent and social equality, have remained pertinent to gender equality politics, and provided a generation of young adults with the opportunity of questioning taken-for-granted ideas of gender relations and care responsibilities.
Shaken identities: ageing men’s experiences of two gendered cancers
Authors: Thompson Edward H , Futterman Andrew M.
Published: September 2023

This chapter offers a thematic synthesis of the qualitative research on men living with breast cancer or prostate cancer. Men’s experiences with gendered cancers hinge on at least two axes – their masculinities and their age. Of interest was if, and if so how, ageing mediates the experience of these gendered cancers. All qualitative studies published between 2000 and 2020 addressing men’s breast cancer and post-mastectomy experiences (N = 15) and men’s lives after a prostatectomy (N = 28) were systematically analysed, following the guidelines for thematic synthesis and grounded theory. Seven descriptive themes were identified, and these form two analytical themes – body talk and resilience. Although men’s illness narratives spoke about in many ways how the cancer challenges their gendered identities and practices, the commonality was one of men coming to live with their post-surgical bodies by practising ‘wider’, hybrid forms of masculinities. A principal finding is that men with either type of gendered cancer saw themselves as men, rather than in terms of their anatomically changed bodies, and remained seen by others in terms of their gender. Evidence of cancer-triggered demasculinisation was rare. Unresolved was the gnarled ways corporeal and social ageing mediated the cancer journey.
Vantage points
Authors: Gunter Helen M.
Published: September 2023

Understanding and explaining the durability of segregated education requires the Thinking Politically-Sociologically Framework. The starting point is to examine vantage points or the organisational location of the person or group located in the claimocracy. Four vantage points are examined: core, privileged, marginal, and othered, and the data show that the prime vantage point is the core. A case study from Theme 1: System Design is presented, where data and analysis are used to demonstrate policy violence through the dismantling of the local government provision of school places and its replacement with academies.
Regimes of practice
Authors: Gunter Helen M.
Published: September 2023

Understanding and explaining the durability of segregated education requires the Thinking Politically-Sociologically Framework. Following on from examining vantage points and viewpoints is the need to investigate regime inter-connections that create and enable the claimocracy. Three types of regimes are identified: state, satellite, and star, where state regimes dominate, this is examined through a study of the Conservative Privatisation Regimes, and the New Labour Performance Regime. A case study from Theme 3: Policy Actors is presented, where data and analysis are used to demonstrate policy violence towards the profession regarding the imposition of leaders and followers.
Exchange relationships
Authors: Gunter Helen M.
Published: September 2023

Understanding and explaining the durability of segregated education requires the Thinking Politically-Sociologically Framework. Following on from examining vantage points, viewpoints, and regimes is the need to investigate exchange relationships that secure the claimocracy. Five forms of exchange relationships are presented: personal, employment, project, socio-political, and cultural, and it is argued that personal-cultural contractualism dominates. A case study from Theme 3: Policy Actors is presented, where data and analysis about local policymaking are used to demonstrate policy violence through how strategic and tactical change are understood and engaged with regarding academisation.
Conclusion: Intellectual activism
Authors: Gunter Helen M.
Published: September 2023

This chapter is the conclusion to the book, and a summary of the arguments about segregation and eugenics in education is provided by using the Thinking Politically-Sociologically Framework. The argument is that political sociology enables the Critical Education Policy Studies field to think productively in relation to, first, a political sociology of and about the education reform claimocracy; and second, a political sociology for and by the field regarding positioning within and in relation to the claimocracy. It is argued that research and scholarship within and by the field of Critical Education Policy Studies is in danger and so may find the adoption of little agoras and intellectual activism helpful regarding the purposes and practices of research.
Trafficking on film: a critical survey
Authors: Hackett Jon
Published: September 2023

Representations of trafficking on screen play a role in constructing survivor and victim narratives for the public and media audiences. This chapter presents a survey of film representations of human trafficking/modern slavery. It begins with silent-era ‘White slave’ films to outline the importance of trafficking for cinema at a time when it became established as a mass entertainment industry. The continuities between this and contemporary mainstream examples are highlighted through discussion of Taken, often seen as emblematic of popular culture representations of human trafficking. The chapter then brings the literature on trafficking films up to date through a survey of relevant films available on two streaming services. Netflix is the dominant global streaming service for filmed media; MUBI is an alternative platform most associated with world cinema, art cinema and film festival releases, types of cinema in which migration and trafficking themes have been relatively prevalent. Media often skew representations in such a way as to perpetuate stereotypes or frame issues in ways that promote particular agendas at the expense of others. To counteract this, filmmakers and regulatory bodies should aim at elucidating the structural bases that contribute to modern slavery and human trafficking, tracking the wider and complex contexts of migration and exploitation.
Discursive representations of ‘invisible migrants’ in British social media
Authors: Tran Thi-Diem-Tu , Sanders Karen
Published: September 2023

Social media have opened up new sources of data with the potential to increase our understanding of public opinion on migrants. In this chapter, we examine the discursive representations, in online press and social media, of undocumented immigrants in the British context, between 2015 and 2018. This chapter is based on a study analysing online newspaper articles and corresponding comments published on Facebook using Critical Discourse Analysis. We show that neither online newspaper articles nor their commenters elaborate a nuanced picture of undocumented migration as a complex socioeconomic phenomenon. We identify a shift in media construction, from the undocumented migrant representing a ‘significant enemy’ – during the ‘migration crisis’ of 2015–16 – to becoming a ‘insignificant stranger’ in 2017–18. However, human trafficking never appeared to be explicitly associated with undocumented migration, despite the fact that two phenomena are interlinked. Undocumented migrant are ‘invisible’ individuals at high risk of exploitation, but their vulnerability, and the specific risks of becoming trafficked, were not sufficiently considered by the online British press and the commenters. We suggest that media should reassess their portrayal of undocumented migration and ensure that trafficked migrants are recognised, and assisted, as one of the most vulnerable groups among undocumented migrants.
Subject-making in ambiguous systems: trafficking aftercare in the UK and beyond
Authors: Lazzarino Runa , Greenslade Anne-Marie
Published: September 2023

Subjection (Butler, 1997) draws together the simultaneous being-made and self-making process vis-à-vis power. In this chapter, we apply it to frame how modern slavery and human trafficking survivors need to continually subjugate to fallacious and ambiguous systems of assistance, while also carving out their own spaces for rebuilding lives and identities. We focus onto specific challenges/compromises for survivors within the systems, such as (self-)identification, consent, mental healthcare, education and employment services. We combine voices of survivors and frontline practitioners from the UK and three Global South contexts (Vietnam, Brazil and Nepal), where we conducted research. We want to uncover survivors’ own perspectives and experiences within their journeys, and to stress the self-making moment of the subjection dialectic. The aim is to over-turn vulnerability and trauma into places where the anti-colonial voice can speak. In the concluding parts, we connect the difficulties in subject-remaking encountered by survivors with the elaboration of their sense of practical justice and we offer some recommendations for a system of care which is more survivor-centred.
Sexual exploitation: framing women’s needs and experiences
Authors: Hodges Kathryn , Brachou Anta , Burch Sarah
Published: September 2023

An examination of sexual exploitation highlights a continuum of harm, particularly notable in the ways sexual exploitation is represented and framed within UK legislation. By exploring this continuum, this chapter addresses the gendered discourse framing the different ways victims’ support needs are defined by policymakers, commissioners and support services, ultimately affecting the nature and quality of available help. By seeking to understand women’s experiences in their complexity, attention is brought to the way that intersecting lived experiences create precarity in women’s lives, and vulnerabilities which can be further exploited. Research strongly suggests that those providing support better understand the intricate journeys women are on, so that experiences of help seeking can be improved. In fact, failure to understand and respond to women’s intersecting lived experiences puts victims/survivors at further risk of harm and exploitation. Drawing on secondary data, this chapter sets out actions needed to provide services that are helpful and supportive. Additionally, it includes an overview of the application of cultural competency and priorities for ‘meeting’ women in services illustrated by the Complex Experience Care Model.
Imagining otherwise: art and movement as tools for recovery
Authors: Westin Anna
Published: September 2023

Trauma threatens survivors with its permanent story. When reworked in language only, it can be cut off from the rest of its bodily manifestations. Integrating an embodied story of healing, in a meaningful and transformative way, means accessing multiple tools for recovery. The imagination is one of these tools towards holistic healing. This chapter explores how artistic expression can be used phenomenologically to heal wounds experienced from modern slavery and human trafficking. It will discuss how philosophy can give us language to reconceptualise healing as an experience of embodiment in relationships – drawing on the work of Merleau-Ponty and Ricœur. As a Pilates and Somatic practitioner working with survivors of human trafficking and modern slavery, this phenomenological approach has been a particularly helpful methodology to employ in my work. Whereas often trauma discourse can focus on siloed methods for healing trauma, situated in the symptoms of the body, I would argue that a phenomenological engagement with bodily movement, through Pilates and dance in particular, enables the survivor to heal. Healing can occur both through being present to the trauma that survivors continue to suffer in the present, and through reimagining a life beyond the trauma.
Pregnancy and new motherhood in prison during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abbott Laura
Published: September 2023

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, research demonstrated that prison was unhealthy and unsafe for pregnant women (Abbott, 2018; Davies et al 2020). Experiences of being locked inside a prison cell made physiological symptoms of pregnancy harder to manage and generated feelings of anxiety and discomfort. Findings presented in this chapter are from a pilot study which took place during the COVID-19 pandemic which shed light on the challenges during this unique time. Audio-recorded, qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted virtually with women who provide, or who have provided, pregnancy and birth support in English prisons. This chapter presents the key findings, including: mental health versus physical risk of COVID-19, virtual support, virtual decision making and being released from prison into a global pandemic.
“It feels like a mini victory”: alternative routes to justice in experiences of online misogyny
Authors: Smith Jo
Published: September 2023

An evolving body of academic work is examining women’s experiences of online misogyny: aggressive, threatening or offensive communications and behaviours directed at women and affecting their participation in online spaces. Responses to experiencing this abuse are varied, and categorised by Jane (2017b) into ‘fight and flight’. Developing Jane’s taxonomical approach, this chapter examines some of the approaches women use to deal with online abuse. While a traditional understanding of justice is one which involves engagement with formal reporting systems, such as the criminal justice system and complaints to social media companies, these are not always seen as viable for women facing online abuse. Instead, alternative routes to justice have been sought and used, which are the focus of this chapter.
UK local council strategies post-COVID-19: the local economy, climate change and community wellbeing
Authors: Abellan Manuel , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

COVID-19 has demonstrated that radical changes, both in terms of government action and people’s behaviours, are possible. This chapter argues that while local authorities do not have a statutory duty in relation to climate change, sustainability needs to be at the heart of their COVID-19 response. Firstly the chapter illustrates, using examples of actions from the London Borough of Sutton, how local authorities are already stepping up to the plate to reduce carbon emissions, influence behaviours and mitigate the impact of climate change in our communities. Secondly it makes the case that councils are ready to act but after a decade of austerity and more financial hardship to come, they will need to be better supported by the government. Finally the chapter explains how Sutton, and other local authorities, can use established local partnerships to bring key stakeholders to the table on this agenda.
UN sustainability goals and social value: local authority perspectives
Authors: Whiteman Rob , Reade Tim , Ayre Dave , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

In this chapter the concepts of social value reviewed by Liddle in Chapter 8 will be developed to include environmental value and, in particular, the wicked issue of climate change. Liddle critically reviews the literature on public and social value, and the historical development of these ideas from the work of Moore, in relation to New Public Management and the quantification of social value in relation to the relative importance that people place on changes experienced in their lives from a wellbeing perspective.
Harris: an island area of Scotland
Authors: Shucksmith Mark , Glass Jayne , Chapman Polly , Atterton Jane
Published: September 2023

Harris lies in the Outer Hebrides and is very sparsely populated, with one small town and others scattered around the island’s perimeter. The population has halved since 1951. Tourism, fishing and crofting remain but most employment today is in the service sector, with good jobs in the public sector health and education. In recent years, the development of the ‘Harris brand’ has generated a dramatic increase in economic activity and employment, beyond the capacity of the available workforce. Housing pressure, especially, has inflated house prices and caused difficulty in retaining or attracting key workers. Residents who did not benefit from this boom face difficulties accessing support and risk social stigma in small communities. While the community and voluntary sectors are strong, reliance on family and friends is often more socially acceptable. Over 70 per cent of the Western Isles is now in community ownership, but despite this and the localisation of local government in 1975, there is still a sense of distance from centres of power in Edinburgh, London and multinational boardrooms around the globe.
New materialism in housing studies: opportunities and obstacles
Authors: David Clapham
Published: September 2023

This chapter reviews two common approaches to the study of housing. It begins with a brief description of social constructionism and its impact on academic housing research and policy and practice. The strengths and weaknesses of the approach are outlined and the increasingly popular alternative of new materialism that builds on the weaknesses is considered. New materialism overcomes the relative neglect of material elements in social constructionism, which was dominated by the study of language and discourse.
Inhabitation practices
Authors: David Clapham
Published: September 2023

This chapter builds on the previous discussion by focusing on the concept of social practices and applying it to inhabitation. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the concept of inhabitation practices as a way of integrating some of the insights generated in previous chapters and providing a focus for analysis. To achieve this, the chapter starts with the concept of social practices, describing its definition and use by different authors and how it has been applied in housing and other fields. This is followed by an examination of the similarities and differences between the new materialist approaches outlined in the previous chapter and social practices. The aim is to find a way forward that provides a conceptual framework for the analysis of inhabitation.
Out of home inhabitation practices
Authors: David Clapham
Published: September 2023

The intention in this chapter is to outline how the inhabitation practices approach can be applied to other locations as well as the home. Three examples will be given in the chapter in order to show some possible approaches. The first is to focus on the redevelopment site in a similar way that was suggested in Chapter 6 for the building site. The second example is to focus on a particular inhabitation practice and to follow this through. The example chosen here is the practice of communing with nature. The third example is the examination of discourses as connective tissue that influence many practices. The example here is the related concepts of urban densification such as new urbanism or the ‘20-minute neighbourhood’ that influence public policies and the practices of developers. Finally, the impact of these (and other possible topics) on public policy issues will be considered.
Conclusion: Inhabitation research and policy
Authors: David Clapham
Published: September 2023

In this concluding chapter, the aim is to briefly summarise the main argument of the book, which is in four parts. First is the case for the importance of seeing the impact of housing on the rest of Nature; second is the redefinition of the field through adoption of the concept of inhabitation; third is the argument for the adoption of the practices approach as a research framework; and fourth is the adoption of a holistic research approach to the study of practices that is wide-ranging and by examining issues from different perspectives (including those of materials and animals). Each of these four arguments is considered in turn. Taken together these constitute a radical overhaul of housing research and policy and so the chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications for both.
Introduction
Authors: Bissett John
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces the reader to this study and asks, ‘What sort of an object is a public housing estate?’ There are opening remarks on the importance of class and gender and the necessity of bringing such dynamics to the fore in writing about public housing estates. There is engagement with concepts such as deprivation and disadvantage that dominate discourse about public housing estates, and the problems with such concepts and why they are both inadequate and mystifying. This chapter begins to place the people of the Bridgetown Estate with their positioning within a set of class relations as workers both paid and unpaid and what this means for their lives. The chapter draws a contrast between the analytical and the normative in that I am trying to understand how public housing estates are effectively constituted, while at the same time asking critical questions about the hardship and suffering that are a result and product of one’s position within class processes and class relations. I argue that class is both morally significant and inherently material.
From manifest phenomena to generative structures
Authors: Bissett John
Published: September 2023

This chapter opens Part II of the book and connects the manifest phenomena of the ethnographic chapters to the causal mechanisms and structures that play a pivotal role in shaping and making the estate what it is. Such structures are more often than not unperceivable, and only visible in their effects, but are critically important. Forces such as the winds of global capitalism, the policies of austerity, the influence of patriarchy and the state’s housing policies all feed in and out of the estate, shaping it, moulding it, changing it. Jobs, work, housing, life, all are affected by such generative structures and hence the need for a causal criterion for understanding life on the estate. I use a theoretical framework of transcendental critical realism that argues, as well as what we can see and what happens in events, as it were, we also need a causal understanding of how things come to be the way they are. To have a critical realist understanding of public housing means acknowledging the realms of the empirical and the actual, but also, importantly, understanding the ‘real’ of the mechanisms and structures that align and realign the lives of estate residents.
Religion, Recognition and Marriage Law
Authors: Naqvi Zainab Batul
Published: September 2023

This chapter draws from Karimah’s experiences of marriage, polygamy and immigration to look at the implications of being a legally recognised wife in the UK. It is shown that recognition is often looked at uncritically and is seen as something for marginalised groups to aspire to when seeking acceptance from society. After exploring its dark past in relation to marriage, the chapter questions how desirable legal recognition is. It is argued that we need to keep its limitations in mind. This is reinforced by the fact that some women are living a disruptive politics of recognition whereby they actively choose to be in non-legally binding marriages. The chapter concludes by thinking through options for reform, suggesting that more work needs to be done from the ground up to address the issues exposed throughout the book, though there is currently little appetite for this.
Building Bridges: The Cold War from Berlin to Korea, 1947–50
Authors: Ravndal Ellen J.
Published: September 2023

The chapter examines secretary-general Trygve Lie’s views of the Cold War and his attempts to use the UN as a forum to overcome tensions between the two sides. Lie sought to build bridges between East and West, and to ensure a central position for the UN in world affairs. During the Berlin Blockade of 1948–49, the secretary-general sought to use the UN to mediate between the Soviet Union and the US to avoid major conflict. At the outbreak of the Korean War Lie took the unprecedented step of speaking first at the Security Council meeting on 25 June 1950, urging the UN membership to come to the aid of South Korea. Although legal scholars agree this did not constitute invoking article 99, this should not detract from the fact that it represented another leap in the expansion of the UN secretary-general’s role.
Eco-Conscious Household Production and Capitalist Society
Authors: Munro Kirstin
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents a Marxist-feminist model of household production in capitalism based on ethnographic interviews with eco-conscious parents of young children. In this model, households, capitalist firms, and the state rely on inputs from the other sectors in their production process to perpetuate their own existences and, in turn, that of capitalist society as a whole. Household production can take place using varying proportions of inputs, but changing the proportions of these inputs does not change the underlying production process let alone the organization of capitalist society. This model leads to the conclusion that the reproduction of labor-power that takes place in households and elsewhere cannot be divorced from the reproduction of capitalist society, nor from the human and environmental disasters inherent to it. This helps to explain why the ecologically conscious parents interviewed for this book feel exhausted, frustrated, guilty, and as if none of the pro-environmental interventions that they are turning into mundane everyday practices are actually making a difference.
Transnational Ties: Narrating Relationality, Resources and Dynamics over Time
Authors: Ryan Louise
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores migrants’ transnational relationships, including the role of new technologies in how long-distance communication has changed over time. Analysing network stories, this chapter considers the meaning of transnational social ties. By presenting nuanced and at times emotional stories, the chapter suggests the support and care but also the tensions and pressures that can exist between transnational connections. Furthermore, the chapter contributes to understanding how transnational relations change over time. Using longitudinal network analysis, I explore changes in the extent, durability and meaning of spatially dispersed relationships. As migrants age, for example, their strongest ties may be to children and grandchildren in the destination society, while networks of family and friends shrink in the origin country, associated with a sense of dis-embedding, and with implications for possible return or retirement migration.
The Policy Debate: Freedom of Expression and Financial Costs of Filtering
Authors: Keren-Paz Tsachi
Published: September 2023

In this chapter I debunk claims that filtering NCII involves too high costs in terms of either freedom of expression or financial costs, as well as the related claim that such filtering in not technologically feasible. I first focus on Facebook’s filtering practice as reflected in its (untransparent) transparency report. I then evaluate this practice to highlight its shortcoming and delineate the contours of an acceptable and practicable NCII filtering backed by (a more controversial) strict liability for harm from remaining NCII. I discuss penumbra definitional issues of intimacy beyond nudity and cultural differences and scope of liability for harms from these images. My approach diverges from the recent Law Commission’s proposals in their 2002 final report, affording better protection to cultural minorities and taking lessons from medical ethics and law. I also discuss an economy of scales and its potential relevance to smaller intermediaries with a critique of the weight given in recent policy discussions to a means-based test as limiting intermediaries’ potential duties to filter content.