bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFORMATION-MODELING SYSTEMS AS A TOOL FOR FORMING A MUNICIPAL STRATEGY
Authors: Вакарев Александр Алексеевич , Медведева Людмила Николаевна , Гришин Игорь Александрович , Виноградов Валерий Валериевич , Иевлева Наталья Владимировна
Published: July 2021

Целью исследования является рассмотрение информационно-модулирующих систем (ИМС) для реализации многовариантных решений в области стратегического развития средних городов России. Методами исследования выступают ретроспективный анализ создания аналогичных отечественных систем в 80-х гг. XX в., а также организационно-структурное моделирование ИМС на основе современной научно-технической базы для применения в настоящее время. Новизна проведенного исследования заключается в разработке структуры и математического обеспечения ИМС, ориентированных на многовариантное стратегическое управление муниципальными образованиями. Область применения материалов и результатов научной статьи находится в сфере организации управления и развития экономики российских муниципалитетов различного уровня.

The purpose of the study was the creation of information-modulating systems (IMS) for the implementation of multivariable solutions in the field of strategic development of medium-sized cities in Russia. The methods of research at the same time are a retrospective analysis of the creation of such domestic systems in the 80s. XX century, as well as organizational and structural modeling of IMS based on the modern scientific and technical base for use at present. The novelty of the research consists in the development of the structure and mathematical support of IMS focused on the multivariate strategic management of municipalities. The field of application of the materials and results of the scientific article is in the field of organization of management and development of the economy of Russian municipalities at various levels.
MARKETING RESEARCH IN THE PIZZERIA MARKET
Authors: Казначеева Светлана Николаевна
Published: July 2021

В настоящее время в России продолжает расти популярность пиццы. Авторами выделены лидеры российского рынка пиццерий, а также составлен рейтинг пиццерий на нижегородском рынке. Целью статьи выступает определение емкости рынка выбранного сегмента. Научная новизна статьи представлена результатами проведенного маркетингового исследования на рынке пиццерий в г. Н. Новгород. Рассмотрены причины развития маркетинговых исследований как практической области. Представлены источники получения информации для проведения маркетинговых исследований сферы питания в современном обществе. Выделены клиентские потоки применительно к специфике деятельности предприятий общественного питания сетевых форматов (постоянные и дискретные), а также его признаки (причина движения, однородность группы, регулярность движения, переход представителей клиентского потока в качественно иной статус, наличие процесса движения группы).

The authors point out that marketing is a type of activity that develops changes and evolves with us. There is the essence of the concept of “marketing research” and the authors reveal the reasons for the development of marketing research as a practical area. The authors note that marketing research is a broader concept than market research, as it covers all the factors that affect, to one degree or another, the activities of an organization. There are sources of information for marketing research in the article. The catering sector in modern society is a rather popular type of service. Client flows are highlighted in relation to the specifics of the activities of public catering enterprises of network formats (permanent and discrete) The authors list the signs of the client flow (the reason for the movement, the homogeneity of the group, the regularity of the movement, the transition of the representatives of the client flow to a qualitatively different status, the presence of the group movement process). Currently, the popularity of pizza among Russians is increasing. In order to determine the state of the pizza market, the authors conducted a marketing research. The leaders of the Russian pizzeria market were identified, and a rating of pizzerias in the Nizhny Novgorod market was compiled. The purpose of this article is to determine the market capacity of the selected segment. The scientific novelty of the article comes down to the fact that the authors conducted a marketing research in the pizza market of Nizhny Novgorod.
Basic Knowledge of Computer
Authors: K Rajeshkumar , R Manivasagan
Published: July 2021

This book is written to serve as a basic knowledge about computer. The book deals with the fundamental concepts, technologies and theories as well as advanced concepts. The book starts with an introduction to computers and then deals with database management systems and telecommunications technologies.
Elusive Reasons and the Motivational Constraint
Authors: Rossi Benjamin Cohen
Published: July 2021

The Motivational Constraint says that a consideration is a normative reason for an agent to act only if it is logically possible for the agent to act for that reason, or at least to be moved so to act. Because it is entailed by a number of prominent views about normative reasons, its truth or falsehood has important implications. Mark Schroeder (2007) and Julia Markovits (2014) have criticized the Motivational Constraint for its inconsistency with so-called “elusive reasons.” Elusive reasons are normative reasons that an agent cannot act for. Hille Paakkunainen (2017), Neil Sinclair (2016), and Michael Ridge and Sean McKeever (2012) have offered three strategies for reconciling the Motivational Constraint with elusive reasons. In this paper, I argue that these strategies fail in that conciliatory task. Furthermore, I argue for the existence of a type of elusive reason not heretofore discussed in the literature, and show how these strategies also fail to reconcile this type of elusive reason with the Motivational Constraint.
Friendship as a Non-Relative Virtue
Authors: Friedman Rachel
Published: July 2021

This article takes its bearings from Martha Nussbaum’s “Non-Relative Virtues: An Aristotelian Approach.”  There, Nussbaum proposes an analytic framework that is intended to allow those who disagree about the virtues, in particular due to cultural differences, to engage in fruitful dialogue with one another.  To explore what such an approach might look like in practice, this article considers the case study of friendship.  It critiques Aristotle’s account of that virtue and provides an alternative based on contemporary understandings.  By placing these two accounts into conversation, the analysis demonstrates the promise of cross-cultural and cross-historical dialogue about the virtues.
Meaning in Life and Becoming More Fulfilled
Authors: Parmer W. Jared
Published: July 2021

Subjectivism about meaning in life remains a viable option, despite its relative unpopularity. Two arguments against it in the literature, the first by Susan Wolf and the second by Aaron Smuts and Antti Kauppinen, fail. Pace Wolf, lives devoted to activities of no objective value need not be pointless, unproductive, and futile, and so not prima facie meaningless; and, pace Smuts and Kauppinen, subjectivism is compatible with people being mistaken about how meaningful their own lives are. This paper elaborates a novel subjectivist view according to which becoming more fulfilled makes a life meaningful for a person. Becoming more fulfilled is a process that has being more fulfilled as its endpoint, and, as with any process, it can come to a halt before it is complete. More substantively, becoming more fulfilled by some x is a matter of aiming to do various activities well, where doing them well at least partly constitutes benefiting x , and requires that one be more fulfilled by x than one presently is. Finally, this paper shows why the becoming more fulfilled view is to be preferred to the standard subjectivist theory, the fulfillment view, and how it produces intuitive results.
Can blood amyloid levels be used as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Yang Yuan-Han , Situmeang Rocksy FV , Ong Paulus Anam
Published: July 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increasingly affects society due to aging populations. Even at pre‐clinical stages, earlier and accurate diagnoses are essential for optimal AD management and improved clinical outcomes. Biomarkers such as beta‐amyloid (Aβ) or tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been used as reliable markers to distinguish AD from non‐AD, and predicting clinical outcomes, to attain these goals. However, given CSF access methods’ invasiveness, these biomarkers are not used extensively in clinical settings. Blood Aβ has been proposed as an alternative biomarker since it is less invasive than CSF; however, sampling heterogeneity has limited its clinical applicability. In this review, we investigated blood Aβ as a biomarker in AD and explored how Aβ can be facilitated as a viable biomarker for successful AD management.
Field Audit of Strength and Conditioning Coaches’ Instructional and Motivational Language Repertoire
Authors:   Oregon State University, Kinesiology Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States, Szarabajko Alexandra , Cardinal Bradley J. ,   Oregon State University, Kinesiology Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States, Dailey Dakota B. ,   McKendree University, Athletic Department, Lebanon, IL, United States, Ughelu Nzubechukwu Emmanuel ,   Oregon State University, Kinesiology Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States, Wambaugh Jake D. ,   23 Fit Club, Sports Performance, Bellevue, WA, United States
Published: July 2021

Strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches must employ psychological skills to optimally motivate athletes and promote their well-being. Yet, S&C coaches feel uncomfortable in their ability to apply such skills, highlighting a need for the development of science-based, practical tools. The purpose of this study was to examine the verbal language used by S&C coaches in publicly available YouTube videos through the Psychological Capital Model (PCM) lens. Coaches’ statements (N = 178) were transcribed verbatim and coded into one of the eight dimensions of the PCM. Significant differences were found in S&C coaches’ use of the eight developmental dimensions of the PCM, x 2 (7, N = 173) = 139.52, p < .0001, C = .67. Three PCM developmental dimensions were overused (i.e., standard residuals ranging from +2.76 to +7.10; i.e., experiencing success/modeling others [n = 54, 31.2%], building efficacy/confidence [n = 48, 27.8%], and implementing obstacle planning [n = 34, 19.7%]), while five were underused (i.e., standard residuals ranging from -2.23 to -4.18; i.e., building assets/avoiding risk [n = 11, 6.4%], persuasion and arousal [n = 10, 5.8%], affecting the influence process [n = 9, 5.2%]), goals and pathway design [n = 5, 2.9%]), and developing positive expectancy [n = 2, 1.2%]). To facilitate the use of a more diverse set of psychological strategies, this study offers a collection of 40 practice- and science-based motivational statements – five for each of the eight PCM dimensions – that S&C coaches may use and build upon to improve their own coaching language and practices.
The Attitudes of Montenegrin Billiard Players towards Necessity to Establish Billiard Association
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Podgorica, Montenegro, Radoicic Gordana , Milosevic Zoran ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia, Zarkovic Boris ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia, Redzepagic Srdjan ,   Université Côte d’Azur, Graduate School in Economics and Management, Groupe de Recherche en Droit Economie et Gestion, Nice, France, Jabucanin Blazo ,   Sports and recreational association Mogren, Budva, Montenegro
Published: July 2021

In Montenegro billiards has it's long history, but according to fact that it is actively and en masse played throughout Montenegro, it certainly has it's present and future. Aim of this research is to examine attitudes of billiard players from Montenegro towards necessity to establish billiard association. The instrument of this research is a survey questionnaire. The respondents are active billiard players from Montenegro, 78 of them, average age of 33.35±7.94 years, who expressed their attitudes by choosing one of offered answers on asked question. This study results are analysed by Google Forms platform. Based on the results of this research, the conclusion is that Montenegrin billiard players consider that Montenegro needs to establish national billiard association.
The Effects Of Physical Activity On Obesity Among The Population Of Different Ages: A Systematic Review
Authors:   University of Nis, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Nis, Serbia, Stankovic Mima , Djodjevic Stefan ,   University of Nis, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Nis, Serbia, Hadzovic Miljan ,   University of Nis, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Nis, Serbia, Djordjevic Dusan ,   University of Nis, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Nis, Serbia, Katanic Borko ,   University of Nis, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Nis, Serbia
Published: July 2021

The aim of this research is a systematic review of the available literature with the effects of physical activity (aerobic training, strength endurance training, etc.) on the obesity of the population of different ages. For collection of previous research on the impact of physical activity on motor fitness, the following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, SCIndeks, PEDro, J-GATE, SCIndes, DOAJ and Google Scholar. The works in the period from 2000 to 2019 were searched. The following keywords were used in the database search: exercise, physical activity, children, adult, aerobic training, resistance training, walking. This systematic review was conducted in agreement with the PRISMA guidelines. The results of the analyzed works indicated that only 20 works met the set selection criteria. In the analyzed works were 845 respondents. In the most researches, the training program lasted 12 weeks, while the shortest program lasted only 5 weeks. Combining endurance training with aerobic training has been shown as the most effective method in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Cost of Healthcare is Skyrocketing in the USA: A Broken Medicare Must be Reformed
Authors:   Hunan Normal University, College of Sport and Physical Education, Changsha, P.R. China, Bu Te , Masanovic Bojan ,   University of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Niksic, Montenegro,   Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro, Huang Huiqing ,   Hunan Normal University, College of Sport and Physical Education, Changsha, P.R. China, Fu Tao ,   College of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, P.R. China
Published: July 2021

This short report discusses the current cost of the healthcare system in the United States. The affordability problems in the United States stem directly from insufficient competition of drug prices from the Medicare system. This report provided evidence about how the proposed Medicare reforms are skewed and would unlikely end the blank-check approach to pricing of Medicare that drives our healthcare spending and affordability problems.
¿QUÉ CAMBIOS SE ESTÁN PRODUCIENDO EN LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS LATINOAMERICANAS?
Authors: MANUEL UGARTE JOSÉ
Published: July 2021

Las Fuerzas Armadas latinoamericanas son una realidad dinámica más en una región en constante cambio. Mientras en Latinoamérica el antiguo predominio de gobiernos de centro-izquierda y de izquierda ha cedido paso a una gran mayoría de gobiernos conservadores, la integración subregional y regional aparece en franca decadencia, surge entre los Estados entre sí y dentro de ellos un enrarecido clima de lucha ideológica, y la prolongada paz de la región ya no parece un bien que hay que dar  por sobreentendido, parece inevitable que ese  nuevo clima regional impacte en las Fuerzas Armadas. En este ámbito puede observarse un claro retroceso  del control civil o conducción política de la defensa en diversos grados en la mayoría de los Estados, pudiendo también advertirse una creciente tendencia al involucramiento de las referidas Fuerzas en roles no tradicionales militares, particularmente en seguridad interior, y la búsqueda o incluso el logro de cierta autonomía. Mientras el equipamiento y el gasto militar permanecen sin mayores alteraciones, algunos países se han reequipado significativamente, sin que ello se haya traducido hasta el momento en alteraciones o amenazas a la paz.Los máximos interrogantes parecen radicar en las limitaciones y desafíos en materia de control civil y en los efectos del creciente empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas en seguridad interior tanto en materia política –respecto del control civil–, así como el eventual debilitamiento de la democracia y del respeto de los derechos humanos en los países de la región, como también en los nunca descartables efectos que la polarización política pueda producir en materia de tensiones internacionales en la región.
Odpowiedzialność deliktowa biegłego za szkodę spowodowaną wydaniem nieprawdziwej lub nieprawidłowej opinii w postępowaniu sądowym. Rozważania na tle najnowszej judykatury
Authors: Fras Mariusz
Published: July 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest rzadko poruszanej w literaturze cywilistycznej kwestii odpowiedzialności deliktowej biegłego za szkodę spowodowaną wydaniem nieprawdziwej (nierzetelnej) opinii w postępowaniu sądowym. Omówione zostały dwa orzeczenia, istotne z tego punktu widzenia – wyrok SN z dnia 29 maja 2015 r. (V CSK 479/14) i wyrok SA w Katowicach z dnia 29 listopada 2019 r. (V ACa 266/18). Orzeczenia te wskazują, że biegły odpowiada za swój delikt niezależnie od tego, czy działanie sądu podjęte w postępowaniu, dla potrzeb którego sporządzono opinię, było prawidłowe czy też nie. Koncepcja odpowiedzialności deliktowej biegłego wobec stron postępowania jest przedmiotem krytyki szczegółowo uzasadnionej w artykule. Wysunięto również postulat pilnego uchwalenia przez prawodawcę kompleksowej ustawy o biegłych sądowych.
One-Eyed King: Phenomenon of “Positive Program” in Russian Politics
Authors: Telin K.O.
Published: July 2021

One of the central issues of the Russian politics is whether its participants have the so-called “positive program”, and the representatives of both the ruling regime and opposition regularly talk about the need for such program. The article examines three interrelated issues: 1) what a “positive program” means and how this phenomenon is interpreted in the Russian political space; 2) to what extent it is correct to accuse Russian parties in their lack of a “positive program”; 3) whether the current government, which articulates the demand for a positive program more often than others, has such a program. In this article the author shows that, being a specifically Russian phenomenon, a “positive program” today presupposes not only the advancement of concrete proposals and initiatives that look into the future and represent an alternative to the current political course. Its most important feature is the acceptance of the status quo: in order for the initiatives of an individual politician or a party to be recognized as “positive”, they should not infringe on the legitimacy of the existing order. It is this criterion alone, according to which the programs of a number of parties can be deemed “non-positive”. In terms of their concrete, alternative and future-oriented programs, many parties are not inferior, if not superior, to the United Russia that largely devotes its party program to the chronicle of the achievements made by the country (not the party) as well as to Vladimir Putin who did not offer to the public a single document called “program” in any of his presidential campaigns.
Relevansi Teori Ranganathan dalam Pengembangan Koleksi di Abad 21
Authors: Andrianza Yogi , Prayitno Dio Eka
Published: July 2021

Perpustakaan merupakan sebuah organisasi yang melayani kebutuhan informasi pemustaka. Sumber informasi yang dimiliki oleh perpustakaan adalah berbentuk cetak dan elektronik. Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi merupakan salah satu cara dalam mengelola perpustakaan terutama untuk pengembangan koleksi. Pengembangan koleksi yang dilakukan oleh perpustakaan menerapkan teori yang dikemukakan oleh Ranganathan yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah Five Laws of Library Science yaitu Books are for use; Every reader, his book; Every book, its reader; Save the time of the reader; A library is a growing organism. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui relevansi teori Ranganathan dalam pengembangan perpustakaan di abad 21. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini ialah analisis deskriptif yang mengemukakan Teori Ranganathan sebagai pedoman dalam pengembangan koleksi perpustakaan di abad ke-21.
Синтез, анализ и острая токсичность динитрата 9-(2-диэтиламиноэтил)-2-фенилимидазо[1,2-α]бензимидазола
Authors: Митракова Дарья Олеговна , Черников Максим Валентинович , Спасов Александр Алексеевич , Морковник Анатолий Савельевич , Ремезова Ирина Петровна , Бунятян Наталья Дмитриевна , Морозов Андрей Владимирович , Диваева Людмила Николаевна , Жуковская Ольга Николаевна
Published: July 2021

Усовершенствован ключевой этап синтеза динитрата 9-(2-диэтиламиноэтил)-2-фенил-имидазо[1,2-α]бензимидазола (стадия циклизации), обладающего противоязвенной активностью, путем изменения среды реакции и использования для циклизации самого имина, а не его гидробромида. На основе физико-химических свойств субстанции предложены методики ее идентификации: ЯМР-, ИК-спектроскопия, УФ-спектрофотометрия. Для определения родственных примесей предложено использовать метод ВЭЖХ, для количественного определения – неводное титрование. Изучение острой токсичности проводили на мышах и крысах при внутрижелудочном и внутривенном введении. Согласно полученным результатам субстанция относится к 3 классу токсичности — умеренно токсичная, как при внутрижелудочном, так и внутривенном путях введения.
The mia mutants of Streptomyces albus J1074 are prone to translational errors and susceptible to certain stressors
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Rydkin O. , Koshla O. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ostas B. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: July 2021

Streptomyces albus J1074 has been established by us as a convenient model to study different aspects of tRNALeuUAA-dependent regulatory mechanisms, that take place in genus Streptomyces. These mechanisms are important for proper morphological and physiological transitions of streptomycete colonies, such as the onset of antibiotic production in stationary phase of growth. The genes for post-transcriptional modification of adenosine residue in 37th position of tRNAXXA family (so called mia genes) were shown to be important for the aforementioned processes, most likely because they impact tRNALeuUAA among other tRNAs. Our results were largely consistent with what is known about mia mutations in the other model systems, such as yeast and enterobacteria. Nevertheless, we also revealed several differences from the model systems, such as decreased susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide. This prompted us to look deeper into the behavior of the mia mutants, particularly their response to different stress factors. Here we report that S. albus mia mutants exhibit increased mistranslation rate as compared to their parental strain. These mutants are more susceptible than the parental strain to disulfide stress inducer diamide and DNA repair stressor caffeine. In summary, although the deficiency in certain tRNA modification appears to cause identical or very similar response (such as elevated mistranslation) across all so far studied bacterial systems, it also induces species- or genus-specific effects (such as disparate effects on H2O2 susceptibility). These differences could be attributed to the peculiarities of organization/function of regulatory pathway governing the response to a given stress. The observed results are further discussed in the wider context of the role of tRNA modification pathway in bacterial biology.
Influence of heavy metal ions on ecotoxicological indicators of planorbarius corneus (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Bulinidae)
Authors:   Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Babych Y. , Pinkina T. ,   Polissya National University
Published: July 2021

The influence of different concentrations of ions of copper, zinc, nickel, manganese of the aquatic environment on the ecotoxicological indicators of the wide range and the most numerous species of malacofauna of Ukraine – Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) was studied. According to the level of toxic effect on the coils, the pollutants studied by us belong to the categories of low-toxic (Mn2+), moderately toxic (Ni2+), highly toxic (Zn2+) and highly toxic (Cu2+) substances. The values of subthreshold, sublethal, chronically lethal, and acute lethal concentrations for each of the used toxicants (mg/dm3) were determined according to the peculiarities of behavior and physiological condition of the experimental animals. As the concentrations of metal ions in the medium increase, the values of the latent period in P. corneus increase. The first signs of poisoning in animals are a weakening of motor activity and increased mucus secretion. At lethal concentrations (LC100) of these toxicants in experimental mollusks develops a rapid pathological process. By the end of the experiment, all individuals in this group die. With increasing concentrations of heavy metal ions, lethal time and lethal mean time decrease. The highest lethal time values were observed for manganese (II) ions, and the lowest for copper ions. The reversibility of mollusk poisoning by different concentrations of these metals was studied. Restoration of functions in the studied animals is carried out in reverse order. Under the action of the same concentrations of heavy metal ions, the duration of the lethal mean time is different. The value of the coefficient of endurance under the influence of heavy metals on the horn extract decreases from high to low concentrations. At subthreshold concentrations, this coefficient cannot be established due to the absence of 100 % death of individuals until the end of the acute experiment. The values of the adaptation coefficient are the highest for highly toxic metal (Cu2+) and the lowest for weakly toxic (Mn2+). Under the action of copper ions, the adaptation of animals to the effects of the toxicant is temporary, followed by depression.
Assessment of ecotoxical state of technologically modified edaphotopes with waste of oil refinery with the Allium-test method
Authors:   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Klepach H. , Holub N. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lupak O. ,   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2021

The ecotoxic state of technologically modified edaphotopes by waste of refinery was investigated with the Allium-test method. Material for the investigations was samples of edaphotopes which were selected at a depth of 15–20 cm from seven research areas of different locations. The last ones were 10–200 m away in relation to the surface storages of oil sludge and other waste of refinery. It has been detected in Allium-test that edaphotopes of the research areas located at a distance of 10–50 m relative to the storages of waste are toxic. Particularly, their aqueous extracts cause a medium and high level of phyto-, cyto- and genotoxic effects on the growing and proliferative activity of Allium cepa Stuttgarter Riesen variety meristem. Test extracts of edaphotopes in growing Allium-test caused darkening of rootlets and blackening of their tips (contrary to the light rootlets with light tips in control). In addition to it the growing activity of A. сepa bulb roots that were grown on the aqueous extracts of edaphotopes was decreased in 1.71–3.5 times depending on the location and measure of remoteness of the research area from the storage of waste of the refinery. Phytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of those edaphotopes regarding to A. сepa is above average and higher levels, and tolerance of onion rootlets to the test extracts decreases up to 29–52 % comparing to control. The mitotic activity of apical meristem of rootlets also decreased. Particularly, mitotic indexes diminished to 51.05–63.57 % (in control – 82.34 %) and cytotoxicity ones were in the range of 22.8–48.0 % that confirms the medial level of cytotoxicity of the investigated edaphotopes. Ana-telophase method and micronucleus test have shown that the chromosome aberrations frequency and appearance of micronuclei in the cells of the apical meristem of the test object A. cepa is higher in 3.34–5.20 times comparing to control. It indicates the average and the high level of genotoxicity of the investigated edaphotopes. The edaphotopes, which are located at the distance of 100–200 m in relation to the surface storages of waste of refinery have a slight phyto-, cyto- and genotoxic effects which are close to the background level.
The effects of ammonia and glutamine on mitochondrial respiration of rat pancreatic acinar cells
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Zub A. , Manko O.V. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Manko B.O. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: July 2021

During glutamine catabolism is produced ammonia, which can be toxic to cells. In hepatic encephalopathy neuron mitochondria ammonia causes the formation of free radicals, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, oxidative phosphorylation disruption and swelling. It is still unknown whether the utilization of glutamine in the mitochondria of acinar cells of the pancreas produces toxic concentrations of ammonia. The experiments were performed on male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g. Pancreatic acini were isolated using collagenase. Cells were incubated for 30 min with glucose (10 mM) in the control and additionally NH4Cl (5 mM) or glutamine (2 mM) in the experiment. Acetylcholine (10 μM) or cholecystokinin (0.1 nM) was used to stimulate secretion. Respiration rate of isolated rat pancreatic acini was measured using a Clark electrode. Maximum respiration rate was stimulated by addition to the FCCP. Statistical significance (P) of difference between the groups was determined with two-way repeated-measures ANOVA followed by a Holm-Bonferroni corrected post-hoc t tests. The secretagogues acetylcholine and cholecystokinin did not affect basal and FCCP-stimulated respiratory rate. The basal respiratory rate of pancreatic acinar cells decreased with NH4Cl compared to the basal respiratory rate with glucose oxidation, and this decrease was observed both at normal condition and under the action of secretagogues. Glutamine did not affect basal respiratory rate. During glutamine oxidation, the maximum respiratory rate increased compared to the control, regardless of the effect of acetylcholine or cholecystokinin. NH4Cl reduced the maximum rate of FCCP-stimulated respiration in rest or upon stimulation with secretagogues compared to glucose control. Therefore, NH4Cl causes a negative effect mitochondrial respiration regardless of secretory stimulation with acetylcholine or cholecystokinin. The toxic amount of ammonia required for inhibition of mitochondrial respiration is apparently not formed due to glutamine oxidation even when stimulated by acinar cells by secretagogues.
PENGARUH KECEPATAN PUTAR MESIN PENGUPAS KACANG TANAH TIPE RUJI VERTIKAL TERHADAP KUPASAN
Authors: Wibowo Danang Henri , Salahudin Xander , Widodo Sri
Published: July 2021

Salah satu proses penting dalam rangkaian penanganan pascapanen kacang tanah, yaitu pengupasan kulit luar kacang tanah yang tujuan untuk memisahkan biji dari limbah kulitnya. Proses tersebut jika dilakukan dengan cara manual akan memerlukan waktu yang lama, maka diperlukan alat mekanis untuk mengurangi beban kerja. Berdasarkan permasalah tersebut, penulis merancang mesin pengupas kulit luar kacang tanah tipe ruji vertikal guna meningkatkan kualitas dan kapasitas pengupasan. Tujuan dari penelitian tersebut yaitu menganalisis pengaruh kecepetakan putar poros ruji terhadap hasil pengupasan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan kecepatan putar 73 rpm, 97 rpm, 121 rpm, dan 145 rpm. Hasil dari penelitian ini kualitas terbaik pada kecepatan putar 97 rpm diperoleh biji kacang tanah terkupas utuh 540 gram. Hal ini dikarenakan idealnya gaya sentrifugal saat proses pengupasan sehingga momentum interaksi atau bertemunya antara kacang tanah satu dengan yang lain dan kacang tanah dengan ruji-ruji pengupas dengan momen yang ideal, sedangkan kapasitas terbaik pada kecepatan putar 145 rpm diperoleh kapasitas pengupasan sebesar 34,14 kg/jam. Hal ini terjadi karena kecepatan putar saat proses pengupasan di dalam piringan kerucut yang berisi ruji-ruji mempengaruhi jumlah dan waktu pengupasan kacang tanah untuk keluar dari piringan ruji.
PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU PROSES ANODIZING TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK VELG RACING MERK SPRINT
Authors: Pamungkas Rachman Satya , Salahudin Xander , Mulyaningsih Nani
Published: July 2021

Minat masyarakat untuk melakukan modifikasi kendaraan, terutama pada penggantian velg ruji ke velg racing memicu munculnya berbagai merk velg racing non OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer). Sprint adalah salah satu merek roda non-OEM yang memiliki tampilan kurang atraktif dan mendapat berbagai keluhan karena resistannya yang buruk. Anodizing adalah teknik pelapisan yang sesuai untuk bahan berbasis aluminium. Proses ini akan memperbaiki sifat fisik material karena lapisan aluminium oksida yang terbentuk selama proses anodisasi. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut, penulis meneliti efek proses anodizing pada karakteristik velg racing merek Sprint dengan variasi waktu yang digunakan 5 menit, 10 menit dan 15 menit. Spesimen yang diambil dari roda balap Sprint setelah uji komposisi kimia, sampel termasuk seri aluminium 4xx.x dengan elemen Si dominan 8,41% yang mendekati spesifikasi aluminium seri 408.2 (x). Nilai rata-rata kekerasan Vickers (VHN) meningkat dengan proses anodisasi dengan waktu anodisasi sebesar 70,2 VHN, waktu anodisasi 5 menit sebesar 75,16 VHN, waktu anodisasi 10 menit sebesar 86,49 VHN, dan waktu anodisasi 15 menit sebesar 100,82 VHN. Nilai rata-rata ketebalan lapisan oksida yang terbentuk meningkat dengan proses anodisasi dengan waktu anodisasi 5 menit menghasilkan ketebalan 30,6 mikron, waktu anodisasi 10 menit menghasilkan ketebalan 39 mikron, dan waktu anodisasi 15 menit menghasilkan ketebalan 43,41 mikron.
PENGARUH VARIASI JUMLAH POMPA TERHADAP PERFORMA MESIN SPRAYER DORONG
Authors: Salahudin Xander , Widodo Sri , Priyatmoko Aris , Khoir Miftahkul
Published: July 2021

Knapsack sprayer is the most widely used type of sprayer by farmers, but it is quite tiring when used, because it has to carry a sprayer weighing up to 15 kg and manually pumping to get the pressure requirement in the tank (pressure required of 2 - 7 kg / cm2). Based on these problems, researchers innovate with a new type of sprayer (utilizing wheel rotation that is converted into translational motion to press the pump). The purpose of this study is analyze the influence of the number of pumps to resulting pressure. The study was conducted with 5 repetitions and the distance of experiment was 25 meter. The results show that the number of pumps has little effect, since the number of pumps has no direct effect on the amount of compressed air (this is affected by the same total pumping distance between the use of 1 pump and 2 pumps). Testing using 1 pump and 2 pumps produced a pressure between 1.9 - 2.2 kg / cm2.
PENGARUH JARAK RUJI MESIN PENGUPAS KACANG TANAH TERHADAP KUALITAS HASIL KUPASAN
Authors: Salahudin Xander , Widodo Sri
Published: July 2021

The land area of peanut plantations reached 314 Ha, making Tegalrejo District a peanut center in Magelang Regency. As a center for producing peanuts, the demand for peanuts in Tegalrejo District is also high. The high demand makes the need for the application of technology in producing peeling peanuts. Based on the problems faced and the existing literature review, it is necessary to develop a peanut stripper that is good in stripping capacity and the quality of the peel. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the distance between peanut peeling machine on the quality of the peel. The study was conducted with 3 repetitions with 1 kg of peanuts per data collection. The results obtained from the study are variations in the distance of 15 mm of test yielding the highest percentage of peanut peanut value of 80.96%. Whereas the highest capacity is obtained by varying the 20 mm peanut peeling distance, which is 28.48 kg/hour.
ANALISIS KEKERASAN, STRUKTUR MIKRO MATERIAL RING PISTON 5MX-E160-10 DENGAN PROSES HEAT TREATMENT
Authors: Widodo Sri , Suharno Kun , Gustomo Hasyim Tri , Hilmy Fuad
Published: July 2021

Now, many of piston ring parts have been on the market. The products are often encountered are the 5MX-E160-10 series piston ring and the SLW-E1603-20 series piston ring which have different qualities. In this study, the hardness of the two piston ring products was analyzed by heat treatment. The heat holding time was varied 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes at 8000C and the quenching media of SAE 40 oil. The results of the hardness of the 5MX-E160-10 series raw material were 105.97 HRB and the highest hardness value after treatment decreased 34.02% were 71.95 HRB. While the hardness value of the SLW-E160-20 series raw material were 90.26 HRB and after the heat treatment has decreased by 19%, were 71.26 HRB. The best microstructure test results were found at the 30 minute holding time series 5MX-E160-10 with a temperature of 8000C and the quenching media of SAE 40 oil. In addition, the results showed that the longer holding time in the SLW-E1603-20 series resulted in decreased hardness values.
ANALISA GERAKAN OSILATOR HARMONIK TEREDAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE NUMERIK
Authors: Nurdin Akhmad , Hastuti Sri
Published: July 2021

Gerakan osilasi harmonik atau getaran dari suatu konstruksi harus diperhatikan utuk meminimalisir kegagalan. Untuk menganalisa studi kasus getaran konstruksi dapat mengunakan pemodelan pegas osilasi harmonik teredam. Persamaan eksak kasus osilator harmonik menggunakan persamaan diferensial yang tidak mudah. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diambil langkah menggunakan pendekatan numerik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan perbedaan tingkat kesalahan antara metode Euler, Heun, dan Runge-Kutta Orde 4 terhadap perhitungan analitik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan metode Runge-Kutta Orde 4 menunjukkan tingkat kesalahan terkecil dibandingkan dengan metode yang lain.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN POMPA DAN FILTER AIR PADA ALAT (ELEKTROPLATING) TERHADAP NILAI KEKERASAN
Authors: Mulyaningsih Nani , Majid Faisal Arif Riza , Suharno Kun , Taufik Ikhwan
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan pelapisan logam banyak dibutuhkan dalam bidang industri. Elektroplating merupakan salah satu metode dari pelapisan logam, yaitu suatu proses pengendapan logam pelindung di atas logam lain dengan cara elektrolisa. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dibuat alat elektroplating oleh (M.Khamim,2019), hasil pelapisan yang dihasilkan alat tersebut sering terjadi kecacatan, disebabkan karena larutan yang kotor dan mengendap. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan menambahkan pompa dan filter air pada alat elektroplating, sebagai bentuk penyempurnaan alat sebelumnya, dengan harapan hasil pelapisannya lebih baik. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan variasi waktu pelapisan 40,50 dan 60 menit menggunakan benda uji baja karbon. Hasil kekerasan paling optimal terjadi pada waktu 60 menit dengan penambahan pompa dan filter air yaitu sebesar 649,55 Kgf/mm2.
PENGUJIAN AERODINAMIKA TERHADAP MODEL UJI MASK OF CAR KERETA API DI INDONESIA LOW SPEED TUNNEL
Authors: Wijiatmoko Gunawan , Syariefatunnisa Syariefatunnisa
Published: July 2021

Di dalam industri otomotif di dunia, produsen pasti menginginkan kendaraan yang aerodinamis sehingga irit dalam mengkomsumsi energi. Parameter aerodinamis ini dapat ditunjukkan secara kuantitatif melalui besaran gaya hambat. Demikian juga dengan industri kereta api. Pengujian Mask of Car Kereta api ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi nilai dari koefisien gaya hambat dari salah satu bentuk Mask of Car kereta api yang sedang dalam tahap perancangan. Koefisien gaya hambat untuk benda berbentuk “bulk” seperti kereta api sekitar 1, sehingga diharapkan koefisien gaya hambat dari model uji yang diukur nilainya kurang dari 1. Model uji berupa model uji aerodinamika triple car skala 1:25 dengan Mask of Car di ujungnya. Pengujian dilakukan dengan meletakkan model uji di dalam seksi uji terowongan angin yang mempunyai penampang 4 m x 3 m, kemudian ditiup angin dengan kecepatan 44 m/s dengan variasi sudut (-) 45 derajat kurang dari sama dengan beta kurang dari sama dengan 45 derajat . Pengukuran gaya hambat dilakukan menggunakan internal balance, yang dipasang di bawah seksi uji. Di bawah model uji dipasang ground board untuk meminimalkan efek lapisan batas seksi uji. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan koefisien gaya hambat dari mask of car yang dirancang adalah 0.84.
KAJI EKSPERIMEN VARIASI JUMLAH BLADE PENGADUK TERHADAP KUALITAS BIODIESEL
Authors: Sarjono Sarjono
Published: July 2021

Biodiesel merupakan salah satu bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan, tidak mempunyai efek terhadap kesehatan dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor. Pembuatan biodiesel ini menggunakan bahan baku minyak jelantah dengan katalis KOH. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah blade terhadap kualitas biodiesel yang di hasilkan minyak jelantah meliputi nilai kalor, visikositas, densitas, titik nyala, titik tuang. Variasi penggunaan jumlah blade adalah 4, 6, dan 8 dengan proses pengadukan selama 1 jam pada putaran 100 rpm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi jumlah blade berpengaruh terhadap kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan, hal ini dibuktikan dengan penggunaan jumlah blade 8 menghasilkan nilai kalor sebesar 17,46 46 Btu/lb, sehingga ada selisih sebesar 0,28 Btu/lb jika dibandingkan dengan penggunaan jumlah blade 4.
ANALISIS KEKUATAN TARIK BAJA KARBON RENDAH HASIL PENGELASAN SMAW DENGAN VARIASI BENTUK KAMPUH LAS
Authors: Salahudin Xander , Ihza Yusril , Pramono Catur , Widodo Sri
Published: July 2021

Hasil las harus mempunyai kekuatan sambung yang kuat, ini dikarenakan konstruksi las biasanya digunakan untuk menahan beban. Pemilihan bentuk kampuh las yang tepat merupakan salah satu hal yang harus diperhatikan, karena akan mempengaruhi kualitas hasil sambungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hasil dari pengelasan dengan variasi kampuh X, V dan U terhadap kekuatan tarik dan struktur makro. Spesimen penelitian yang digunakan adalah baja karbon rendah dengan ukuran sesuai standar ASTM-E8 yaitu 5 mm x 20 mm x 200 mm. Pengelasan SMAW dilakukan dengan elektroda E6013 diameter 3,2 mm, arus 80A. Hasil uji kekuatan tarik tertinggi diperoleh pada kampuh V yaitu 455,68 MPa dan yang terendah pada kampuh X yaitu 382 MPa. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian makro, daerah HAZ yang paling lebar adalah pada kampuh X sebesar 23,05 mm, dan daerah HAZ terkecil pada kampuh V yaitu 20,08 mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bentuk kampuh las paling ideal adalah kampuh V.
ANALISA PERFORMA HIDRO-TURBIN CROSS-FLOW DENGAN SUDUT DIAMETER RUNNER 10° DAN JUMLAH SUDU 8, 16, DAN 24 MENGGUNAKAN METODE CFD
Authors: As'ad Muhammad Mu'izzul , Febrianto Ahmad Janan , Prabowoputra Dandun Mahesa
Published: July 2021

Hidro turbin adalah salah satu komponen utama pada pembangkit listrik tenaga air. Penelitian terhadap turbin air memiliki peran penting dalam pengembangan renewable energy yang bersumber dari tenaga hidro. Dimana Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber energi hidro yang sangat besar. Hidro-turbin memiliki beberapa jenis yaitu turbin Sumbu Horizontal, Turbin Sumbu vertical dan turbin Cross-Flow. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada turbin air tipe Cross-Flow, dan dilakukan dengan metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Simulasi dilakukan secara tiga dimensi dan menggunakan perangkat lunak Ansys Student 2021 dengan solver CFX. Turbin cross-flow menggunakan runner dengan sudut 10°, dengan variasi jumlah sudu 8, 16, dan 24. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa turbin Cross-flow dan mengetahui pengaruh jumlah sudu pada performa tersebut. Turbin Cross-flow beroperasi pada kecepatan fluida 3m/s dan angular velocity 50-250 rpm. Simulasi menggunakan tipe turbulensi Shear Stress Transport dalam kondisi tunak, Hasil menunjukan turbin cross-flow dengan sudut runner 10o dan jumlah sudu 24 memiliki performa terbaik bila dibandingkan dengan jumlah sudu 8 dan 16.
Prognostic utility of leukocyte parameters for prediction of in-hospital mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Zhehestovska D. V. , Hrebenyk M. V. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University
Published: July 2021

Among the tools presented today for predicting the risk of death from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) the most popular one is GRACE risk score. Along with it, due to the improvement of the prognostic value of the score, a number of parameters are displayed, the main features of which are the availability and ease of interpretation on early stages of hospitalization. The most promising among those are leukocyte parameters. While most studies evaluate the long-term prognosis of AMI, our work focused on potential precursors of in-hospital events. Among 228 patients diagnosed with AMI, 18 died at the hospital. They had a significantly higher GRACE and Gensini scores (p < 0.001). Also, patients of this group had s higher levels of leukocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p < 0,05). According to the regression analysis, the NLR index along with GRACE was strongly connected to in-hospital mortality (OR = 1,364, 95 % CI 1,119-1,664, p = 0.002). To determine the prognostic value of these indicators, ROC analysis was performed. When evaluating the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of parameters, the following results were obtained: GRACE score (Se = 80.0 %, Sp = 77.8 %, AUC 0.854), NLR (Se = 73.3 %, Sp = 73, 4 %, AUC 0.758), GRACE + NLR (Se = 80.0 %, Sp = 84.1 %, AUC 0.91). Thus, the combination of the GRACE risk score and NLR is more effective for predicting in-hospital mortality among patients with AMI.