bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An LSTM-based adversarial variational autoencoder framework for self-supervised neural decoding of behavioral choices
Authors: Salsabilian Shiva , Lee Christian , Margolis David , Najafizadeh Laleh
Published: April 2024

Objective.This paper presents data-driven solutions to address two challenges in the problem of linking neural data and behavior: (1) unsupervised analysis of behavioral data and automatic label generation from behavioral observations, and (2) extraction of subject-invariant features for the development of generalized neural decoding models. Approach. For behavioral analysis and label generation, an unsupervised method, which employs an autoencoder to transform behavioral data into a cluster-friendly feature space is presented. The model iteratively refines the assigned clusters with soft clustering assignment loss, and gradually improves the learned feature representations. To address subject variability in decoding neural activity, adversarial learning in combination with a long short-term memory-based adversarial variational autoencoder (LSTM-AVAE) model is employed. By using an adversary network to constrain the latent representations, the model captures shared information among subjects’ neural activity, making it proper for cross-subject transfer learning. Main results. The proposed approach is evaluated using cortical recordings of Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice obtained via widefield calcium imaging during a motivational licking behavioral experiment. The results show that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 89.7% in cross-subject neural decoding, outperforming other well-known autoencoder-based feature learning models. These findings suggest that incorporating an adversary network eliminates subject dependency in representations, leading to improved cross-subject transfer learning performance, while also demonstrating the effectiveness of LSTM-based models in capturing the temporal dependencies within neural data. Significance. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework in unsupervised clustering and label generation of behavioral data, as well as achieving high accuracy in cross-subject neural decoding, indicating its potentials for relating neural activity to behavior.
A causal perspective on brainwave modeling for brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Barmpas Konstantinos , Panagakis Yannis , Zoumpourlis Georgios , Adamos Dimitrios A , Laskaris Nikolaos , Zafeiriou Stefanos
Published: April 2024

Objective. Machine learning (ML) models have opened up enormous opportunities in the field of brain–computer Interfaces (BCIs). Despite their great success, they usually face severe limitations when they are employed in real-life applications outside a controlled laboratory setting. Approach. Mixing causal reasoning, identifying causal relationships between variables of interest, with brainwave modeling can change one’s viewpoint on some of these major challenges which can be found in various stages in the ML pipeline, ranging from data collection and data pre-processing to training methods and techniques. Main results. In this work, we employ causal reasoning and present a framework aiming to breakdown and analyze important challenges of brainwave modeling for BCIs. Significance. Furthermore, we present how general ML practices as well as brainwave-specific techniques can be utilized and solve some of these identified challenges. And finally, we discuss appropriate evaluation schemes in order to measure these techniques’ performance and efficiently compare them with other methods that will be developed in the future.
Lessons learned from European and Japanese production of ITER toroidal field coils
Authors: Hemmi T. , Bellesia B. , Hasegawa S. , Aprili P. , Bonito Oliva A. , Boter E. , Casas M. P. , Cornelis M. , Gomikawa K. , Harrison R. , Hernandez A. , Iguchi M. , Isono T. , Jimenez M. , Kajitani H. , Koczorowski S. , Koizumi N. , Lo Bue A. , Matsui K. , Nakahira M. , Nakamoto M. , Saito K. , Sakamoto K. , Sakurai T. , Shimizu T. , Suwa T. , Takano K. , Takebayashi K. , Tanaka N. , Tsutsumi F. , Uno Y. , Viladiu E.
Published: April 2024

In 2023, the manufacturing of all the ITER TF coils has been completed 15 years after the sign of procurement arrangements in 2008. This paper has been jointly submitted by F4E and QST to recollect the lessons learnt in the production of the two parties along the last 15 years.
Research on the Impact of Gas Flow Rate on Multiphase Flow Micro-jet Conformal Printing
Authors: Tao Zhu , Yuanming Zhang , Ziwen Wang , Shiyu Song
Published: April 2024

This study aims to explore the role of gas flow rate in multiphase flow micro-jet conformal printing and investigate its influence on the characteristic line width and morphology of printed conductive lines. A research methodology combining numerical simulation and experimental validation is employed. By simulating the movement trajectory of atomized droplets inside the micro-jet printhead during the multiphase flow micro-jet conformal printing process, the impact of focus ratio on the printing process and the printed conductive lines is studied using a controlled variable approach. Corresponding experiments are designed to validate the effects. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the characteristic line width of printed conductive lines gradually decreases as the focus ratio increases. At a focus ratio of 2.5, the characteristic line width of printed conductive lines can reach 93μm, without noticeable defects such as satellite droplets, deposition voids, or overspray. Gas flow rate significantly influences the characteristic line width and morphology of printed conduct conformal printing process. The consistency between simulation data and experimental results validates the feasibility of multiphase flow micro-jet conformal printing simulation, laying a foundation for further research in this field.
A Flexible Ultrasound Transducer Array Patch
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Ma Tiancheng , Han Liuyang , Zhao Liuyan , Liu Jie , Dong Ying , Wang Xiaohao
Published: April 2024

Ultrasound is a non-destructive and safe testing technology that can be used for structural health monitoring and biomedical electronics. Current rigid probes have limitations such as difficulty in fitting to curved surfaces, heavy additional mass and large size, which make it difficult to be fully utilized in practical applications. To tackle this issue, an innovative flexible sensing technology has been developed, employing flexible materials such as flexible polymer substrates combined with a novel preparation process that allows the entire sensing network to be integrated onto the structure to be measured. This adaptable approach proves suitable for a diverse range of applications. In this work, a flexible ultrasound transducer array patch designed for attachment to curved surfaces for ultrasound detection is introduced. We proposed a simple fabrication process, and validate the device performance through software simulation and experimentation. The size of each transducer element is 2 mm × 2 mm × 0.6 mm and the overall size of the device is 28 mm × 28 mm × 0.9 mm, with an array of 3 × 4.
Research on particle separation microfluidic chip based on standing surface acoustic wave
Authors: Liu Jingyan , Yuan Renpeng , Wang Junqiang , Ma Yaming , Shang Zhengguo
Published: April 2024

Microparticle and cell separation is a key process in the study of cell properties, clinical diagnosis and disease treatment. In this paper, a particle separation method based on the combination of surface acoustic wave and microfluidic technology is proposed, which uses standing surface acoustic wave to achieve the separating of polystyrene microparticles of different sizes twice in a continuous flow. Through numerical simulation of the device model and particle trajectory simulation, the optimum particle separation parameters were determined. The particle separation microfluidic chip has successfully realized the particle separation. The separation yield of 5 μm particles is about 92.1%. The separation rate of 1 μm particles is about 83.3%.
Impacts of Electrode Resistance on Resonance Characteristics of Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators
Authors: Lu Yuwen , Chen Cong , Zhang Jie , Bai Libing , Zhou Quan , Tian Lulu
Published: April 2024

In the actual manufacturing process of film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR), metal leads are necessary to complete the electrical topological connection. However, the electrode resistance will significantly influence the characteristics of the resonator. In this paper, the influence of electrode resistance on resonance characteristics of FBAR is analyzed. To be specific, how different electrode resistances affect the quality factor, impedance value, and electromechanical coupling factor of the FBAR series-parallel resonance frequencies is studied by incorporating the electrode resistances into an overall equivalent electromechanical model (i.e., the Mason model) and the COMSOL finite element simulation method. The results show that the increase of electrode resistance will result in the decrease of the series resonant frequency, the impedance value increases significantly and the quality factor decreases significantly at series resonant, while the parallel resonant frequency does not change, the impedance value slightly increases and the quality factor slightly decreases at parallel resonant, and their electromechanical coupling factor slightly increases.
Design and process of force-electric fusion for electromagnetic driven Si based MEMS S&A
Authors: Lv Sining , Feng Hengzhen , Lou Wenzhong , Xiao Chuan , Kan Wenxing , Su Wenting , Wang Jinkui , Ji Tongan
Published: April 2024

In order to meet the technical requirements for precise control of the arming time in high-dynamic environments and ammunition safety, this article proposes a silicon-based MEMS safety system force-electric fusion design scheme for small-caliber ammunition platforms. Modeling and computational analysis are conducted on the sensitive units in S&A. A mechanical equilibrium model is established to study the centrifugal overload and electromagnetic forces, followed by verification through dynamic simulation. The design aimed to achieve the safety and arming control of the MEMS security system using a plate-type electromagnetic driving scheme. A low driving energy electromagnetic coil model is designed, and the driving capability of the electromagnetic coil is analyzed. It is found that under the condition of a distance of 0.1mm and 8V, a driving force of 270mN could be achieved. Considering the complex operating conditions during the arming process, a low damping model is developed for the arming degree of the MEMS arming device. After the design is completed, the S&A and electromagnetic coils are processed and prepared using deep silicon etching and microcasting techniques. Finally, threshold verification is conducted for the recoil and centrifugal arming mechanisms of the S&A. The designed S&A ultimately achieved a size of less than or equal to ∅20mm.
An Ultra-low Thermal Sensitivity Drift Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Compensated by Passive Resistor/Thermistor Network
Authors: Meng Qinggang , Wang Junbo , Chen Deyong , Chen Jian , Xie Bo , Lu Yulan
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a piezoresistive pressure sensor that exhibits extremely low thermal sensitivity drift across a broad range of temperatures, which integrates a passive resistor/thermistor network for compensation. Standard microfabrication processes were conducted to fabricate the sensor chip. From the experimental results, the proposed sensor demonstrated an extremely low thermal sensitivity drift of 0.01% FS/°C within temperature range of -55 °C to 85 °C, which is a significant improvement compared with the sensor with no temperature compensation (0.17% FS/°C) and the sensor with conventional temperature compensation (0.09% FS/°C). The compensation method developed in this study has the potential to serve as a facilitating instrument in pressure measurements with large temperature variations.
Design of a multi-physics coupling MEMS pressure sensor
Authors: Sun Jing , Zhang Guodong , Zhao Yulong
Published: April 2024

The pressure measurement of explosion shock wave puts forward high requirements on the temperature resistance and response speed of the sensor. In this paper, a multi-physics coupling pressure sensor is designed to meet requirements. The sensor mainly consists of a Fabry-Perot cavity optical fiber sensing unit, a piezoelectric pressure sensing unit and a thermometric resistance temperature measurement module. Firstly, the structure of the sensor is designed. The top and bottom surfaces of the Fabry-Perot cavity are composed of a silicon diaphragm and a quartz glass. The piezoelectric pressure sensing unit is an AlN film including its electrodes. Pt thermometric resistance is developed to realize real-time temperature monitoring. Secondly, the fabrication process of the sensor is discussed, especially three key technologies. An Al film is sputtered to increase the reflectivity of the quartz glass. The SU-8 photoresist is applied to accurately control the thickness of Fabry-Perot cavity. Etching is adopted to work out the graphics of the AlN piezoelectric film. At last, a complete fabrication process of the sensor is described. The fabrication of multilayer films begins with a double-sided polishing silicon wafer, while Fabry-Perot cavity was from a double-sided polishing quartz glass. Then two parts of the sensor are combined to ensure the multi-physics coupling sensor to achieve complete function.
Research on pyroelectric enhancement mechanism of PZT thin films and optimization design of infrared detectors
Authors: Ci Guangteng , Zhao Yongmin , Li Tao , Zhang Congchun , Wei Feng , Ming Anjie , Mao Changhui
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the PZT10/90 thin film was successfully deposited on the Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate using RF magnetron sputtering, and the dielectric and pyroelectric properties of the thin film were measured and characterized. The measurements show that the dielectric constant of the PZT10/90 thin film is further reduced compared to the previously reported PZT30/70 thin films, which is beneficial for improving the figure of merit of the PZT. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the PZT10/90 thin film are 173 and 0.016 at 1kHz and the pyroelectric coefficient of the thin film is 20 nC·cm-2·K-1 at room temperature. In addition, a pyroelectric infrared detector based on the PZT thin film was designed, a feasible detector fabrication process was proposed, and the structure of the pyroelectric infrared detector was optimized using simulation software based on the finite element method. The developed infrared detector has promising applications in the fields of spectroscopic instruments and smart seekers.
A Miniaturized Electrochemical Angular Accelerometer with the Integration of Microelectrodes and Channel
Authors: Zhu Maoqi , Wang Junbo , Chen Deyong , Chen Jian , Lu Yulan
Published: April 2024

This paper reports a miniaturized electrochemical angular accelerometer with the integration of planar microelectrodes and toroid channel. Specifically, the proposed sensor adopted a three-layer bonding structure of glass-silicon-glass in preference to manual mechanical compression structure, which reduced the device size and simplified the assembly processes. The anodic bonding technology was used as a packaging method, which realized the chip-level package of MEMS electrochemical angular accelerometer for the first time and solved the problem of cathode outlet. From the experimental results, it has the characteristics of larger measurement range (up to 3.5rad/s2) and lower noise level (-144dB@1Hz), which is a significant improvement compared with the previously reported counterparts. A novel approach for the production of electrochemical angular accelerometers is presented in this study, which could be utilized for rotational seismic measurement with large angle variations.
A novel halide hybrid white light emitter with remarkable structural and emission stability
Authors: Song Gaomin , Wang Zhen , Fu Xiaotian , He Xianmeng , Lin Zheshuai
Published: April 2024

Addressing the issues of self-absorption effect among different components in traditional white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and the high cost associated with rare earth elements, we propose the potential utility of zero-dimensional organic–inorganic metal halide hybrids (0D OIMHs) in white WLEDs fabrication. In this study, we synthesized a novel 0D OIMH, (C5N2H14)ZnCl4, characterized by broadband white light emission. The (C5N2H14)ZnCl4crystal features a short ultraviolet cutoff situated at 190 nm and emits cold white light with a Color Rendering Index (CRI) of 73 under an excitation wavelength of 260 nm. Furthermore, (C5N2H14)ZnCl4demonstrates exceptional structural and emission stability in an air atmosphere over a span of three months.
Quantized Weyl algebras, the double centralizer property, and a new first fundamental theorem for
Uq(gln)
Authors: Letzter Gail , Sahi Siddhartha , Salmasian Hadi
Published: April 2024

Let

P

:=

P

m
×
n

denote the quantized coordinate ring of the space of m × n matrices, equipped with natural actions of the quantized enveloping algebras

U
q

(

gl

m

)

and

U
q

(

gl

n

)

. Let

L

and

R

denote the images of

U
q

(

gl

m

)

and

U
q

(

gl

n

)

in

End

(

P

)

, respectively. We define a q-analogue of the algebra of polynomial-coefficient differential operators inside

End

(

P

)

, henceforth denoted by

P

D

, and we prove that

L

∩

P

D

and

R

∩

P

D

are mutual centralizers inside

P

D

. Using this, we establish a new First Fundamental theorem of invariant theory for

U
q

(

gl

n

)

. We also compute explicit formulas in terms of q-determinants for generators of the algebras

L

h

∩

P

D

and

R

h

∩

P

D

, where

L

h

and

R

h

denote the images of the Cartan subalgebras of

U
q

(

gl

m

)

and

U
q

(

gl

n

)

in

End

(

P

)

, respectively. Our algebra

P

D

and the algebra

Pol

(

Mat

m
,
n

)

q

that is defined in (Shklyarov et al 2004 Int. J. Math.
15 855–94) are related by extension of scalars, but we give a new construction of

P

D

using deformed twisted tensor products.
Coping Strategies to Address Water Scarcity through Local Knowledge in Tidal Flood and Erosion-Prone Areas: A Case Study of Timbulsloko, Sayung Regency, Demak Municipality
Authors: Karmilah M , Madrah M Y
Published: April 2024

Access to clean water in Indonesian households remains relatively low due to insufficient clean water facilities and infrastructure. This research addresses the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of providing clean water, sanitation, and a clean environment (abbreviated as WASH) in sinkingcoastal areas vulnerable to tidal floods and erosion. PDAM and PAMSIMAS services struggle to function effectively in these regions. Despite government programs aimed at providing drinking water to impoverished communities, PDAM services often remain inaccessible to residents in subsiding coastal areas afflicted by floods, tides, and erosion. The residents of Hamlet Timbulsloko face a critical challenge in securing clean water and maintaining proper sanitation, exacerbated by submerged wellscaused by erosion. In their quest to meet this basic need, residents have adopted various coping strategies, including rainwater collection using buckets, basins, and even repurposed containers. Rainwater harvesting has become a community-driven solution to the unmet need for clean water, particularly when the cost of refill water is prohibitively high within the region. This research takes inspiration from the local knowledge and practices of residents and seeks to provide a rainwater harvesting model as a sustainable clean water solution
Traffic Counting using YOLO Version-5 (A case study of Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road)
Authors: Darmadi  , Doni Haidar Nur
Published: April 2024

The Jakarta-Cikampek toll road is the main access to the Tanjung Priok port, which is connected directly via the Cilincing-Tanjung Priuk Port toll road as a development of theNorth Jakarta reclamation coastal area. YOLO (You Only Look Once) is a common object detection model that offers faster and more accurate results.. The purpose of this article is to use advancements in information technology to automate the process of manually recording traffic counts on the highway. The method utilized in this study was to record a video of traffic movements with a smartphone camera and save it in MP4 format. Calculations are performed at the office after receiving recorded video and utilizing a program written by the author that makes use of Python, OpenCV, Pytorch, and YOLO version 5 software. When passing through a counter box, the traffic volume is counted and saved in Excel format (.xls). The video records footage near the Tambun area of the Jakarta-Cikampek toll road. According to the measurement accuracy of 95% for cars, 96% for buses, and 89% for trucks respectively, it can be stated that using YOLO version 5 for detecting vehicle volume and categorization is fairly satisfactory.
Mechanical Properties Geopolymer Concrete Based on Fly Ash PLTU Tanjung Jati B Jepara As An Alternative Material
Authors: Kustirini A , Situmorang A , Muldiyanto A
Published: April 2024

Geopolymer concrete is a new material and has very good prospects because it does not use cement, where the material uses environmentally friendly materials and is energy-efficient, because it can use industrial waste materials and manufacturing processes. Geopolymer concrete does not require too much energy, as does the process from making cement which requires at least temperatures up for 800°C. The aim of this study is to evaluate and examine the worth of geopolymer concrete’s mechanical qualities. Compression tests, split tests, and flexural strength tests on geopolymer concrete are all part of the battery of mechanical properties tests. The trial study of geopolymer concrete was used to inform the mix design employed in the production of the test specimens. Merapi sand fine aggregate, 10-20 mm coarse aggregate, PLTU Tanjung Jati B Jepara fly ash from coal waste, Na2SiO3, 8M NaOH activator, and 2% fly ash superplasticizer were employed in this research. Three 15/30 cylinders are used to test concrete’s compressive strength, three 15/30 cylinders are used to test concrete’s split tensile strength, and three 15x15x60 are used to test concrete’s flexural strength in this study. After only 28 days, testing could begin. Compressive strength was found to be 31.746 MPa, split tensile strength was 3.920 MPa, and flexural strength was found to be 4.833 MPa for geopolymer concrete.
Analysis of Environmentally Friendly Concrete (Green Concrete) Using Coal Fly Ash as a Substitute Material for Portland Cement in Road Pavement
Authors: Mudiyono R , Haidar A Desvian , Fredy A
Published: April 2024

The development of technology in the field of construction, especially in concrete technology, is now becoming more rapid, which requires concrete materials that can adapt to the times. As well as for energy savings from normal concrete materials from a mixture of fine, coarse, cement and water can now be added to other materials. In this era, the use of cement for concrete making materials is very identical, therefore to reduce the use of cement, it is necessary to mix other materials. The research method that researchers use is the experimental-laboratory method by making test objects in the form of concrete cylinders with a size of 15x30 cm. Analysis of concrete testing using Fly Ash mixtures in this study there are several variations of fly ash mixtures, namely fly ash 50%, 60%, and 70%. In testing several Fly Ash mixtures produced a compressive strength value of 50% Fly Ash percentage and 2% Accelerator of 161.630 kg/cm2, 60% Fly Ash and 2% Accelerator of 154.189 kg/cm2, 70% Fly Ash and 2% Accelerator of 92.670 kg/cm2. In the results of this study with several variations of fly ash mixtures, the highest compressive strength value was obtained at a percentage of Fly Ash 50% and Accelerator 2%, which amounted to 161.630 kg/cm2 with the first variation test specimen sample at the age of 28 days of concrete.
Airplane Passenger Prediction Model at Jendral Ahmad Yani Airport, Semarang
Authors: Muldiyanto A , Handajani M
Published: April 2024

The prediction model for airplane passengers at General Ahmad Yani Airport in Semarang is very important, especially for airport managers, so that the infrastructure at the airport can be facilitated by managers according to the number of passengers available. Airplane passengers in this case include arriving and departing passengers. The prediction model is differentiated between before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, where passenger fluctuations during the Covid pandemic saw a significant decrease in passengers and after normal times there was a significant increase. Due to limited existing data, the independent variable uses GDP, because GDP is considered to represent economic growth and regional economic structure. The airport service area is limited by the presence of other airports close to the airport under study. The model is planned using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) but if the data cannot be processed then the model is analyzed using Regression. The prediction model will later compare before and after post-Covid. Analysis of existing data shows that the passenger prediction model used in the future is a post-COVID-19 prediction model, the results of which are better applied with other possible independent variables if any.
Current-carrying tribological behavior of textured Au/MoS2 coatings in vacuum
Authors: Pei Lulu , Ji Li , Li Hongxuan , Cai Haichao , Xue Yujun
Published: April 2024

Sliding electrical contact has been widely used in spacecraft such as slip ring for solar windsurfing, and its service life directly affects that of the spacecraft. Au as a sliding electrical contact material has been widely used in aerospace equipment, but poor lubricity limits its service life. To address this issue, this study introduces MoS2 into the texturing holes of the Au coating, which can improve the lubricity, and maintain the continuity of Au and thus its conductivity. Additionally, the effect of texture density on the vacuum current-carrying tribological properties of the textured Au/MoS2 coating was investigated. The results indicate that texture not only reduces the mechanical properties of the coating but also affects the amount of MoS2 that can be filled. A high texture density greatly reduced the carrying capacity, leading to serious abrasive wear. However, low texture density results in serious adhesive wear owing to insufficient lubricity. Under an appropriate texture density, excellent vacuum current-carrying tribological behaviour can be achieved depending on the formation of a transfer film of MoS2 and Au, which maintains conductivity through Au and provides lubricity through MoS2. This study is of great significance in prolonging the service life of sliding electrical contacts and provides a new idea for the design of sliding electrical contact materials.
Development of hBN/natural fibres reinforced polymer composites using grey relation grade analysis for thermal and electrical applications
Authors: Kirubakaran Ramraji , Salunke Dinesh Ramesh , Pitchumani Shenbaga Velu , Gopalan Venkatachalam , Sampath Aravindh
Published: April 2024

The objective of this work is to enhance the thermal conductivity and electrical properties of polymer hybrid composites through a systematic novel grey relation grade analysis (GRGA) optimization approach. This involves reinforcing the hybrid composites with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and various kinds of natural fibers or fillers. The development of a unique technology to produce multiphase composites using 2% of natural fibers or fillers such as coir fiber, rice husk filler, wood filler (WF), banana fiber (BF) and sugarcane fiber along with hBN (1, 3, 5 wt.%) particulates as reinforcements in epoxy matrix. The Taguchi L15 matrix array is utilized to fabricate interlaced composite samples via hand layup molding. Ultrasonic waves are used to ensure the uniform distribution of hBN filler into the matrix. Analysis of variance and GRGA reveal the significant results. It shows that the multiphase hybrid composites exhibit good thermal conductivity when higher content of hBN (5 wt.%) particulate for all the micro particulate polymer (MPP) composites. Multi-response optimization shows that the micro BF (2 wt.%) interlaces with hBN (5 wt.%) composite exhibits the higher thermal conductivity and electrical resistance compared to all other natural fiber interlaced composites. The aforementioned MPP composite has thermal conductivity of 1.03 W (m·K)−1 and electrical resistance of 279.88 Giga Ohms. Besides, the WF interlaced hBN (5 wt.%) composite shows the minimum dielectric constant compared to all other natural fiber composites. This desirable result is caused by the proper dispersion of hBN with the matrix which encourages interlocking with the fiber and the matrix. Maximum electrical resistance is observed for composite containing 5 wt.% of h-BN and 2 wt.% of BF. The developed MPP composite could be used in heat shields, electrical insulation components, and interior automotive components like dashboards, luggage compartments and interior walls.
Characterization of wheat husk-derived holey carbon/(RGO)
x
/CoFe2O4/PVA nanocomposites: insights into structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties
Authors: Gholipur Reza
Published: April 2024

In this particular study, an uncomplicated method involving chemical co-precipitation was employed to create nanocomposites known as wheat husk-derived holey carbon/reduced graphene oxide/cobalt ferrite/polyvinyl alcohol (WHHC/(RGO)
x
/CF/PVA). The utilization of biomass materials is a noteworthy aspect that has caught the attention of researchers in this field. It is worth mentioning that the characteristics related to both magnetism and dielectricity in the flexible WHHC/(RGO)
x
/CF/PVA nanocomposites can be controlled by adjusting the amount of RGO present in the composition. To explore the composite’s absorption properties, the influence of RGO content was investigated, and it was found that there is a direct correlation between higher RGO content and increased absorption. The WHHC/(RGO)
x
/CF/PVA structure exhibits an enhanced impedance matching due to the strong interfacial interaction between RGO and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. This porous composition possesses an optimal structure for capturing and collecting light effectively. Moreover, the WHHC/(RGO)
x
/CF/PVA nanocomposites have exhibited great potential in manufacturing flexible electronic devices such as light-dependent resistors, when employed as an electronic material. Their lightweight characteristics and flexibility are key contributors to the success achieved in this aspect. However, it is important to note that their overall shape tends to resemble that of traditional absorber equipment commonly used in the field.
Deep learning based event reconstruction for cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy
Authors: Ashtari Esfahani A , Böser S , Buzinsky N , Carmona-Benitez M C , Cervantes R , Claessens C , de Viveiros L , Fertl M , Formaggio J A , Gaison J K , Gladstone L , Grando M , Guigue M , Hartse J , Heeger K M , Huyan X , Jones A M , Kazkaz K , Li M , Lindman A , Marsteller A , Matthé C , Mohiuddin R , Monreal B , Morrison E C , Mueller R , Nikkel J A , Novitski E , Oblath N S , Peña J I , Pettus W , Reimann R , Robertson R G H , Saldaña L , Schram M , Slocum P L , Stachurska J , Sun Y-H , Surukuchi P T , Telles A B , Thomas F , Thomas M , Thorne L A , Thümmler T , Tvrznikova L , Van De Pontseele W , VanDevender B A , Weiss T E , Wendler T , Zayas E , Ziegler A
Published: April 2024

The objective of the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technology is to build precise particle energy spectra. This is achieved by identifying the start frequencies of charged particle trajectories which, when exposed to an external magnetic field, leave semi-linear profiles (called tracks) in the time–frequency plane. Due to the need for excellent instrumental energy resolution in application, highly efficient and accurate track reconstruction methods are desired. Deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) - particularly suited to deal with information-sparse data and which offer precise foreground localization—may be utilized to extract track properties from measured CRES signals (called events) with relative computational ease. In this work, we develop a novel machine learning based model which operates a CNN and a support vector machine in tandem to perform this reconstruction. A primary application of our method is shown on simulated CRES signals which mimic those of the Project 8 experiment—a novel effort to extract the unknown absolute neutrino mass value from a precise measurement of tritium β
−-decay energy spectrum. When compared to a point-clustering based technique used as a baseline, we show a relative gain of 24.1% in event reconstruction efficiency and comparable performance in accuracy of track parameter reconstruction.
Keeping you connected or keeping you addicted? Weekly use of social media platforms is associated with hazardous alcohol use and problem gambling among adults
Authors: Savolainen Iina , Oksanen Atte
Published: April 2024

Aims

A wide variety of social media platforms exist, each offering tailored solutions to attract specific target audiences based on their social media needs and interests. This diversity may pose a risk factor for the development or perpetuation of harmful behaviors. Research has established a connection between social media use and increased health risk behaviors. This six-wave exploratory longitudinal study investigated the associations between active social media use, hazardous alcohol use, and problem gambling among adult social media users.

Methods

Data were collected via surveys in 6-month intervals, starting in March–April 2021 (T1: N = 1530; Mage = 46.67; SD = 16.42; 50.33% male). Of the T1 respondents, 58.10% participated in T6 (n = 889). Measures included the frequency of use of different social media platforms, the 3-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Hybrid multilevel regression models were used for analyses.

Results

We found positive within-person effects of weekly Facebook use and between-person effects of weekly use of Facebook, TikTok, and gambling-related online communities on drinking. These results suggest an increase in hazardous alcohol consumption over time among the platforms’ active users. Weekly Instagram use had a negative between-person effect on hazardous alcohol use. Individuals using TikTok or gambling communities weekly were more prone to problem gambling compared to non-weekly users.

Conclusions

There are risks involved in the active use of some social media services among adult users. Prevention work, including digital health interventions, should be targeted according to the appropriate user group.
Classification of Breast Implant Malposition
Authors: Pacifico Marc D , Goddard Naveen V , Harris Paul A
Published: April 2024

Background

Implant malposition is a well-recognized complication of prosthetic breast implants. However, to date, no objective classification system has been described.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to perform a prospective trial of an objective and reproducible classification system for implant malposition formulated by analyzing retrospective data from a large cohort of patients with implant malposition.

Methods

The authors retrospectively analyzed the degree of medial/lateral and inferior/superior implant malposition relative to their optimal position within the breast footprint in a series of 189 breasts (n = 100 patients). An objective classification system for implant malposition was devised and then applied to a prospective cohort of 53 breasts in 28 patients with implant malposition.

Results

The degree of malposition in a single or combination of axes was categorized according to the distance (measured in centimeters) from the ideal breast footprint. The classification system incorporated the axis of malposition and distance to generate a treatment decision-making guide. Cases of Grade 1 malposition did not warrant surgical intervention, whereas surgical correction was warranted in all Grade 3 cases. In the combined patient cohort (n = 242 breasts, 128 patients), lateral, inferior, medial, and superior displacement ranged between Grades 1 and 3. There was no interobserver variability in the grades assigned to 9 out of 10 patients in the prospective group.

Conclusions

A simple and reproducible classification system for implant malposition has been created that allows surgeons to objectively record the extent of malposition, guides surgical decision-making, and can be used to document the results of any intervention.

Level of Evidence: 3
Prevalence Patterns of Body Contouring Procedures Among Injectable Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Users
Authors: Toms John A , O’Neill Elizabeth , Wiegmann Aaron L , Adepoju Jubril , Raj Mamtha S
Published: April 2024

Background

The introduction of injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists such as Ozempic (Novo Nordisk, Plainsboro, NJ) and Wegovy (Novo Nordisk Inc.) has transformed weight loss in plastic surgery patients, often leading to excess skin and soft tissue amenable to body contouring procedures.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist use and the growing need for body contouring surgeries, focusing on trunk and extremity procedures.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the PearlDiver database (PearlDiver, Inc., Colorado Springs, CO) was conducted, examining prescription data for Ozempic, Wegovy, and liraglutide, and correlating these with body contouring procedures across 30 US states from 2011 to 2022. Multimodal statistics were used to compare surgery rates and assess dosage and time interval patterns among GLP-1 receptor agonist users and nonusers.

Results

Significant correlations between GLP-1 receptor agonist use (881 Ozempic, 59 Wegovy, and 4655 liraglutide users) and increased body contouring surgeries were found. Ozempic showed weak correlations with brachioplasty (r = 0.23) and panniculectomy (r = 0.21), and Wegovy with breast procedures (r = 0.28), while liraglutide showed consistent correlations across surgeries. Time to surgery varied from 87 days (Wegovy) to 1018 days (liraglutide), with higher surgery rates among users (P < .01) and dose-related differences, especially in Ozempic and Wegovy users.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a dose-dependent link between the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and an increase in subsequent aesthetic body contouring surgeries, highlighting the need for surgeons to adapt to the merging of medicinal body transformation and aesthetic plastic surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4
Local recurrence in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours: multicentre cohort study
Authors: Jansma Christianne Y M N , Acem Ibtissam , Grünhagen Dirk J , Verhoef Cornelis , Martin Enrico ,   MONACO Collaborators, Coert J Henk , Flucke Uta E , Slooff Willem-Bart M , van Dalen Thijs , Been Lukas B , Bonenkamp Han J , Anten Monique H M E , Broen Martinus P G , Bemelmans Marc H A , Bramer Jos A M , Schaap Gerard R , Kievit Arthur J , van Houdt Winan J , van der Hage Jos , van de Sande Michiel A J
Published: April 2024

Background

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) have high local recurrence (LR) rates. Literature varies on LR risk factors and treatment. This study aimed to elucidate treatment options and risk factors for first and second LRs (LR1 and LR2) in a large multicentre cohort.

Method

Surgically treated primary MPNSTs between 1988 and 2019 in the MONACO multicentre cohort were included. Cox regression analysed LR1 and LR2 risk factors and overall survival (OS) after LR1. Treatment of LR1 and LR2 was evaluated.

Results

Among 507 patients, 28% developed LR1. Median follow-up was 66.9 months, and for survivors 111.1 months. Independent LR1 risk factors included high-grade tumours (HR 2.63; 95% c.i. 1.15 to 5.99), microscopically positive margins (HR 2.19; 95% c.i. 1.51 to 3.16) and large tumour size (HR 2.14; 95% c.i. 1.21 to 3.78). Perioperative radiotherapy (HR 0.62; 95% c.i. 0.43 to 0.89) reduced the risk. LR1 patients had poorer OS. Synchronous metastasis worsened OS (HR 1.79; 95% c.i. 1.02 to 3.14) post-LR1, while surgically treated LR was associated with better OS (HR 0.38; 95% c.i. 0.22 to 0.64) compared to non-surgical cases. Two-year survival after surgical treatment was 71% (95% c.i. 63 to 82%) versus 28% (95% c.i. 18 to 44%) for non-surgical LR1 patients. Most LR1 (75.4%) and LR2 (73.7%) patients received curative-intent treatment, often surgery alone (64.9% versus 47.4%). Radiotherapy combined with surgery was given to 11.3% of LR1 and 7.9% of LR2 patients.

Conclusion

Large, high-grade MPNSTs with R1 resections are at higher LR1 risk, potentially reduced by radiotherapy. Surgically treated recurrences may provide improved survival in highly selected cases.
Synaptic alterations associated with disrupted sensory encoding in a mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: Meftah Soraya , Cavallini Annalisa , Murray Tracey K , Jankowski Lukasz , Bose Suchira , Ashby Michael C , Brown Jonathan T , Witton Jonathan
Published: April 2024

Synapse loss is currently the best biological correlate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. Synapses seem to be highly vulnerable to tau-mediated disruption in neurodegenerative tauopathies. However, it is unclear how and when this leads to alterations in function related to the progression of tauopathy and neurodegeneration. We used the well-characterized rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy at 5–6 months and 7–8 months of age, respectively, to study the functional impact of cortical synapse loss. The earlier age was used as a model of prodromal tauopathy, with the later age corresponding to more advanced tau pathology and presumed progression of neurodegeneration. Analysis of synaptic protein expression in the somatosensory cortex showed significant reductions in synaptic proteins and NMDA and AMPA receptor subunit expression in rTg4510 mice. Surprisingly, in vitro whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology from putative pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex suggested no functional alterations in layer 4 to layer 2/3 synaptic transmission at 5–6 months. From these same neurons, however, there were alterations in dendritic structure, with increased branching proximal to the soma in rTg4510 neurons. Therefore, in vivo whole-cell patch clamp recordings were utilized to investigate synaptic function and integration in putative pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex. These recordings revealed a significant increase in the peak response to synaptically driven sensory stimulation-evoked activity and a loss of temporal fidelity of the evoked signal to the input stimulus in rTg4510 neurons. Together, these data suggest that loss of synapses, changes in receptor expression and dendritic restructuring may lead to alterations in synaptic integration at a network level. Understanding these compensatory processes could identify targets to help delay symptomatic onset of dementia.
Tissue-level evidence of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor imaging in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a case series
Authors: Li Lina , Gao Jie , Liu Xin , Chen Bi-Xi , Su Pixiong , Xie Boqia
Published: April 2024

Background

Myocardial fibrosis is a key pathological factor for the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).

Case summary

This case series reports on two patients diagnosed with HOCM who underwent 18F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography imaging and Morrow myotomy procedure. The collected myocardial tissue was examined histopathologically. Both patients exhibited intense and heterogeneous 18F-FAPI uptake in the septum, with significant number of activated fibroblasts.

Discussion

Enhanced 18F-FAPI uptake was observed before irreversible fibrosis, and the degree of 18F-FAPI uptake was higher in tissue with greater fibrosis. 18F-FAPI imaging may provide a promising tool for guiding surgical strategy in HOCM, and further research is needed to fully explore its potential in clinical practice.
Remote rhythm monitoring using a photoplethysmography smartphone application after cardioversion for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Calvert Peter , Mills Mark T , Howarth Kelly , Aykara Sini , Lunt Lindsay , Brewer Helen , Green David , Green Janet , Moore Simon , Almutawa Jude , Linz Dominik , Lip Gregory Y H , Todd Derick , Gupta Dhiraj
Published: April 2024

Aims

Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) is a commonly utilized rhythm control technique for atrial fibrillation. Follow-up typically comprises a hospital visit for 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) two weeks post-DCCV. We report the feasibility, costs, and environmental benefit of remote photoplethysmography (PPG) monitoring as an alternative.

Methods and results

We retrospectively analysed DCCV cases at our centre from May 2020 to October 2022. Patients were stratified into those with remote PPG follow-up and those with traditional 12-lead ECG follow-up. Monitoring type was decided by the specialist nurse performing the DCCV at the time of the procedure after discussing with the patient and offering them both options if appropriate. Outcomes included the proportion of patients who underwent PPG monitoring, patient compliance and experience, and cost, travel, and environmental impact. Four hundred sixteen patients underwent 461 acutely successful DCCV procedures. Two hundred forty-six underwent PPG follow-up whilst 214 underwent ECG follow-up. Patient compliance was high (PPG 89.4% vs. ECG 89.8%; P > 0.999) and the majority of PPG users (90%) found the app easy to use. Sinus rhythm was maintained in 71.1% (PPG) and 64.7% (ECG) of patients (P = 0.161). Twenty-nine (11.8%) PPG patients subsequently required an ECG either due to non-compliance, technical failure, or inconclusive PPG readings. Despite this, mean healthcare costs (£47.91 vs. £135 per patient; P < 0.001) and median cost to the patient (£0 vs. £5.97; P < 0.001) were lower with PPG. Median travel time per patient (0 vs. 44 min; P < 0.001) and CO2 emissions (0 vs. 3.59 kg; P < 0.001) were also lower with PPG. No safety issues were identified.

Conclusion

Remote PPG monitoring is a viable method of assessing for arrhythmia recurrence post-DCCV. This approach may save patients significant travel time, reduce environmental CO2 emission, and be cost saving in a publicly-funded healthcare system.