bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of anticancer effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on mouse fibrosarcoma cell line
Authors: Nourmohammadi Esmail , Khoshdel-sarkarizi Hoda , Nedaeinia Reza , Sadeghnia Hamid Reza , Hasanzadeh Leila , Darroudi Majid , Kazemi oskuee Reza
Published: September 2018

Cerium oxide nanoparticles are associated with anticancer effects. While protecting normal cells, these nanoparticles exert their anticancer effects via oxidative stress and apoptosis in the cancer cells. In this study, the anticancer properties of nanoceria on fibrosarcoma cell line are evaluated. Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and their anticancer effects on mouse fibrosarcoma tumor cells (WEHI164) were investigated. Viability assay was evaluated by MTT, and the DC‐FDA assay performed for the detection of reactive oxygen species. For apoptosis assay, the annexin V/PI test was done as well as measuring the mRNA and protein expression levels of
Bax and
Bcl2 by real‐time PCR and western blot method, respectively. Characterization of nanoceria reveals that synthesized nanoceria has cubic floruit structure with a size of about 30 nm. Toxicity assessment results show that nanoceria increases ROS levels and induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner in cancer cells (WEHI164), whereas low levels of toxicity were observed in normal cells (L929), even at the concentrations above 250 µg/ml in MTT assay. Real‐time PCR and western blot assays showed that nanoceria could significantly increase the
Bax expression in cancer cells. The results showed that nanoceria could act as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of fibrosarcoma.
Signaling–chemokine axis network in brain as a sanctuary site for metastasis
Authors: Azizidoost Shirin , Asnafi Ali Amin , Saki Najmaldin
Published: September 2018

Background

Brain metastasis remains a major cause of death in patients with solid cancers. The co‐operation between several molecular factors such as chemokines, chemokine receptors, and signaling pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of brain metastasis mostly from solid tumors. In this review, we examine the possible role of chemokine/receptor axis, as well as signaling pathways as prognostic biomarkers in brain metastasis.

Methods

Relevant English language literature were searched and retrieved from Google Scholar search engine (1993–2017). The following keywords were used: “chemokine,” “signaling pathway,” “brain,” “metastasis,” and “niche.”

Results

Increased expression of chemokines like CXCL12 and dysregulated signaling intermediates such as Notch in patients with solid tumors (e.g., breast cancer) is associated with brain metastasis.

Conclusions

As biomarkers for brain metastasis, chemokine, and signaling intermediates are potential prognostic factors in a number of solid tumor, including breast cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer.
LncRNA SNHG17 promotes gastric cancer progression by epigenetically silencing of p15 and p57
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Xu Ying , Wang Sijia , Gong Zhigang , Zou Chen , Zhang Heng , Ma Gui , Zhang Wenbo , Jiang Pengcheng
Published: September 2018

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets because of their disease‐ and stage‐restricted expression. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 17 (SNHG17) belongs to a large family of noncoding genes hosting small RNAs, with its expression pattern and biological function not clarified in gastric cancer (GC). Thus, we conducted this study to investigate the functional significance and the underlying mechanisms of SNHG17 in GC progression. Our results showed that SNHG17 expression was upregulated in GC tissues and cells, and its high expression was significantly correlated with increased invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. The expression of plasma SNHG17 was also found upregulated in patients with GC compared with healthy controls, with a moderate accuracy for diagnosis of GC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.748; 95% CI, 0.666–0.830). Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function of SNHG17 revealed that SNHG17 promoted GC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion, and migration and inhibited apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that SNHG17 was associated with polycomb repressive complex 2 and that this association was required for epigenetic repression of cyclin‐dependent protein kinase inhibitors, including p15 and p57, thus contributing to the regulation of GC cell cycle and proliferation. Furthermore, rescue experiments indicated that SNHG17 functioned as an oncogene via activating enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in GC cells. Our study provides a new perspective for SNHG17 acting as a noncoding oncogene in GC tumorigenesis, and it may serve as a novel early diagnostic marker and potential target for the treatment of GC.
Comparative morphology of male genitalic structures in the minute litter bugs Dipsocoromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: Knyshov Alexander , Hoey‐Chamberlain Rochelle , Weirauch Christiane
Published: September 2018

Insect male genitalia show an evolutionarily variable morphology that has proven to be valuable for both, species identifications and phylogenetic analyses at higher taxonomic levels. Accurate usage of genitalic characters in taxonomic descriptions and phylogenetic analyses depends on consistency of terminology and validity of homology hypotheses. Both areas are underdeveloped in many insect groups. We here document the morphology and advance homology hypotheses of male genitalic features for the hemipteran infraorder Dipsocoromorpha, the minute litter bugs. Genitalic structures and the pregenital abdomen in Dipsocoromorpha are strikingly modified and diverse compared to other Heteroptera. In addition to variation in the shape of phallic structures (parameres and aedeagus), minute litter bug genitalia vary in the direction and degree of asymmetry and feature a plethora of processes derived from various abdominal segments with significant variation at low taxonomic levels. Here, male genitalic structures for an extensive taxonomic sample (32 genera and 71 specimens) are documented using scanning electron and confocal microscopy, and a universal terminology for genitalic structures across minute litter bugs is established that will facilitate species discovery and evolutionary research. We conclude by proposing primary homology hypotheses across the infraorder that now can be tested in a phylogenetic framework.
A climatology of quasi‐linear convective systems and associated synoptic‐scale environments in southern Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno Z. , Seluchi Marcelo E.
Published: September 2018

This study presents a 9‐year climatology and composite analysis of quasi‐linear convective systems (QLCSs) in southern Brazil (SB). QLCSs are identified using radar imagery and defined as a 100‐km long, 40‐dBZ convective line that lasts for at least 1 hr. QLCS cases associated with at least three severe wind reports are classified as severe. Composites of the synoptic‐scale environments and severe convective weather parameters are constructed for severe and non‐severe cases of three synoptic patterns found as the most recurrent in QLCS cases. QLCSs are more frequent and more likely to be severe during spring, while very few cases occur during winter. Most cases occur during late night and morning, corroborating previous research of mesoscale convective systems in this area, but the percentages of severe cases are higher in late afternoon and early night. Faster QLCSs, particularly those with velocities greater than 50 km/hr, have higher probability of being severe in comparison to slower systems. The three synoptic patterns more often related to QLCS occurrence in SB are characterized by a mid‐level trough upstream of SB (type 1), a mid‐level trough west of the Andes (type 2) and predominance of zonal flow over SB (type 3). In general, there is a low‐pressure system over northwestern Argentina extending a trough to SB, where low‐level moisture flux convergence and warm advection occur. In severe cases, the sea‐level pressure is lower in northwestern Argentina and there is greater low‐level northwesterly flow over SB. The type 1 is the most frequent pattern when QLCSs are observed in SB and is also the type with higher percentage of severe cases. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) and downdraft CAPE are good discriminators between severe and non‐severe cases in type 1 and 2 environments, while the 1,000–500‐hPa bulk wind difference is a better predictor in type 3 cases.
Vascular supply of the femoral head in sheep—Implications for the ovine femoroacetabular impingement model
Authors: Tannast Moritz , Wolfer Nadja , Ryan Michael K. , Nuss Katja M. , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Steppacher Simon D.
Published: September 2018

Sheep hips have a natural non‐spherical head similar to a cam‐type deformity in human beings. By performing an intertrochanteric varus osteotomy, cam‐type femoroacetabular impingement can be induced experimentally. In sheep, the aspherical portion is located superiorly—exactly matching the region where the superior retinacular vessels enter the femoral head–neck junction in human beings. In order to fully exploit the potential of this experimental FAI model, a safe osteochondroplasty of the superior asphericity would need to be done without the risk of avascular necrosis. The aim of this study was to describe the vascular anatomy of the femoral head in sheep from the aorta to the retinacular vessels in order to perform safe femoral osteochondroplasty of the superior femoral asphericity in sheep. Sixty‐two ovine hips were analyzed using CT angiography (30 hips), post mortem intravascular latex injection (6 hips), vascular corrosion casting (6 hips), and analysis of the distribution of vascular foramina around the femoral head–neck junction in macerated ovine femora (20 hips). The ovine femoral head receives its blood supply from anterior retinacular arteries from the lateral femoral circumflex artery, and from posterior retinacular arteries from the medial femoral circumflex artery. The superior aspherical portion is free of vessels. Detailed knowledge about vascular anatomy of sheep hips is of clinical significance since it allows to perform osteochondroplasty of the superior aspherical portion in the experimental ovine FAI model safely without the risk of osteonecrosis. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2340–2348, 2018.
Enhancing integration of articular cartilage grafts via photochemical bonding
Authors: Arvayo Alberto L. , Wong Ivan J. , Dragoo Jason L. , Levenston Marc E.
Published: September 2018

The integration of osteochondral grafts to native articular cartilage is critical as the lack of graft integration may lead to continued tissue degradation, poor load transfer and inadequate nutrient transport. Photochemical bonding promotes graft integration by activating a photosensitizer at the interface via a light source and avoids negative effects associated with other bonding techniques. We hypothesized that the bond strength depends on photosensitizer type and concentration in addition to light exposure. Photochemical bonding was evaluated using methylene blue (MB), a cationic phenothiazine photosensitizer, and two phthalocyanine photosensitizers, Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (CASPc) and aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPc). Exposure was altered by varying irradiation time for a fixed irradiance or by varying irradiance with a fixed irradiation time. MB was ineffective at producing bonding at the range of concentrations tested while CASPc produced a peak twofold bond strength increase over controls. AlPc produced substantial bonding at all concentrations with a peak 3.9‐fold bond strength increase over controls. Parametric tests revealed that bond strength depended primarily on the total energy delivered to the bonding site rather than the rate of light delivery or light irradiance. Bond strength persisted for 1 week of in‐vitro culture, which warrants further exploration for clinical applications. These studies indicate that photochemical bonding is a viable strategy for enhancing articular cartilage graft integration. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2406–2415, 2018.
Cadaveric study validating in vitro monitoring techniques to measure the failure mechanism of glenoid implants against clinical CT
Authors: Junaid Sarah , Gregory Thomas , Fetherston Shirley , Emery Roger , Amis Andrew A , Hansen Ulrich
Published: September 2018

Definite glenoid implant loosening is identifiable on radiographs, however, identifying early loosening still eludes clinicians. Methods to monitor glenoid loosening in vitro have not been validated to clinical imaging. This study investigates the correlation between in vitro measures and CT images. Ten cadaveric scapulae were implanted with a pegged glenoid implant and fatigue tested to failure. Each scapulae were cyclically loaded superiorly and CT scanned every 20,000 cycles until failure to monitor progressive radiolucent lines. Superior and inferior rim displacements were also measured. A finite element (FE) model of one scapula was used to analyze the interfacial stresses at the implant/cement and cement/bone interfaces. All ten implants failed inferiorly at the implant‐cement interface, two also failed at the cement‐bone interface inferiorly, and three showed superior failure. Failure occurred at of 80,966 ± 53,729 (mean ± SD) cycles. CT scans confirmed failure of the fixation, and in most cases, was observed either before or with visual failure. Significant correlations were found between inferior rim displacement, vertical head displacement and failure of the glenoid implant. The FE model showed peak tensile stresses inferiorly and high compressive stresses superiorly, corroborating experimental findings. In vitro monitoring methods correlated to failure progression in clinical CT images possibly indicating its capacity to detect loosening earlier for earlier clinical intervention if needed. Its use in detecting failure non‐destructively for implant development and testing is also valuable. The study highlights failure at the implant‐cement interface and early signs of failure are identifiable in CT images. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:2524–2532, 2018.
Antibiotic loaded calcium sulfate bead and pulse lavage eradicates biofilms on metal implant materials in vitro
Authors: Knecht Cory S. , Moley James P. , McGrath Mary S. , Granger Jeffrey F. , Stoodley Paul , Dusane Devendra H.
Published: September 2018

Pulse lavage (PL) debridement and antibiotic loaded calcium sulfate beads (CS‐B) are both used for the treatment of biofilm related periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, the efficacy of these alone and in combination for eradicating biofilm from orthopaedic metal implant surfaces is unclear. The purpose of the study was to understand the efficacy of PL and antibiotic loaded CS‐B in eradicating bacterial biofilms on 316L stainless steel (SS) alone and in combination in vitro. Biofilms of bioluminescent strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen41 and a USA300 MRSA Staphylococcus aureus SAP231 were grown on SS coupons for 3 days. The coupons were either, (i) debrided for 3 s with PL, (ii) exposed to tobramycin (TOB) and vancomycin (VAN) loaded CS‐B for 24 h, or (iii) exposed to both. An untreated biofilm served as a control. The amount of biofilm was measured by bioluminescence, viable plate count and confocal microscopy using live/dead staining. PL alone reduced the CFU count of both strains of biofilms by approximately 2 orders of magnitude, from an initial cell count on metal surface of approximately 109 CFU/cm2. The antibiotic loaded CS‐B caused an approximate six log reduction and the combination completely eradicated viable biofilm bacteria. Bioluminescence and confocal imaging corroborated the CFU data. While PL and antibiotic loaded CS‐B both significantly reduced biofilm, the combination of two was more effective than alone in removing biofilms from SS implant surfaces. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2349–2354, 2018.
Novel stepwise model of intervertebral disc degeneration with intact annulus fibrosus to test regeneration strategies
Authors: Vadalà Gianluca , Russo Fabrizio , De Strobel Francesca , Bernardini Marco , De Benedictis Giulia Maria , Cattani Caterina , Denaro Luca , D'Este Matteo , Eglin David , Alini Mauro , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: September 2018

Novel preclinical models that do not damage the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc are required to study the efficacy of new regenerative strategies for the nucleus pulposus (NP). The aim of the study was to characterize a preclinical ovine model of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) induced by endplate (EP) damage and repair via the transpedicular approach, with or without partial nucleotomy, while keeping the AF intact. Twelve adult sheep were used. By the transpedicular approach, a 2 mm tunnel was drilled to the NP through the EP. A partial‐nucleotomy was performed. The tunnel was sealed using a polyurethane scaffold. Lumbar discs were assigned to different groups: L1‐2: nucleotomy; L2‐3: EP tunnel; L3‐4: nucleotomy + EP repair; L4‐5: EP tunnel + repair; L5‐6: control. X‐Ray and MRI were performed at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Disc height and MRI indexes were calculated. Macro‐ and micro‐morphology were analyzed. Pfirrmann and Thompson grades were assigned. The treated discs exhibited a progressive decrease in NP signal intensity and MRI index, displaying specific grades of degeneration based on the surgical treatment. According to Pfirrmann and Thompson grades different procedures were staged as: EP tunnel + repair: grade‐II; EP tunnel: grade‐III, nucleotomy + EP repair: grade‐IV; nucleotomy: grade‐V. A new stepwise model of IDD to study and test safety and efficacy of novel strategies for NP regeneration has been characterized. The different degrees of IDD have been observed similar to Pfirrmann and Thompson grading system. The intact AF allows for loading studies and eliminating the need for AF closure. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2460–2468, 2018.
Meniscal extrusion and degeneration during the course of osteoarthritis in the Murine collagenase‐induced osteoarthritis model
Authors: Utomo Lizette , Eijgenraam Susanne M. , Meuffels Duncan E. , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. , Bastiaansen‐Jenniskens Yvonne M. , van Osch Gerjo J. V. M.
Published: September 2018

Meniscal damage is, despite its major role in knee osteoarthritis (OA), often neglected in OA animal models. We evaluated structural meniscal degeneration during the course of OA in the murine collagenase‐induced OA (CIOA) model. To investigate this, OA was induced in the knee joints of 33 male C57BL/6 mice by an intra‐articular injection of 10U collagenase. The mice were sacrificed after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, and the knees were harvested and processed for histological analysis. As control, six knees were obtained from 16‐week‐old mice in which no OA was induced. Meniscal damage, meniscal extrusion, and articular cartilage damage were evaluated on thionin‐stained sections. Associations between parameters of interest were evaluated with Spearman rho correlation tests. When compared to non‐OA knees, meniscal extrusion was visible from day 1 onwards and meniscal degeneration had a tendency to increase over time. The meniscus damage appeared around the same time as articular cartilage damage (day 14–28) and was statistically significantly more pronounced anterior than posterior, and no differences were seen between medial and lateral menisci. Meniscus and articular cartilage damage were moderately associated in the CIOA knees (ρ = 0.57; 95%CI [0.23–0.78]). Our findings suggest that the CIOA model is a valuable model to study the role of meniscal damage during OA progression and can support the development of future preventative treatment strategies. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:2416–2420, 2018.
Metastatic tumor cells detection and anti‐metastatic potential with vesicular stomatitis virus in immunocompetent murine model of osteosarcoma
Authors: Johan Muhammad P. , Kubo Tadahiko , Furuta Taisuke , Sakuda Tomohiko , Sakaguchi Takemasa , Nakanishi Mahito , Ochi Mitsuo , Adachi Nobuo
Published: September 2018

Sarcomas are associated with a high incidence of lung metastasis, which leads to a high‐risk of cancer death. This study was performed to explore the pre‐clinical theranostic potential of a novel fully functional recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus carrying imaging gene Katushka (rVSV‐K), as virotherapy and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection in the syngeneic mouse model of osteosarcoma with spontaneous pulmonary metastases. Recombinant VSV‐K was generated and evaluated in vitro on human and murine osteosarcoma cells. Spontaneous osteosarcoma metastases were established in immune‐competent mice by implanting subcutaneously syngeneic osteosarcoma LM8 cells. The vector was injected into the tumor‐bearing mice via jugular vein either once or repeatedly. To assess effectiveness, primary tumor growth and development of lung metastasis as well as survival were evaluated. We found that rVSV‐K efficiently replicated in and killed all osteosarcoma cell lines in time‐dependent manners. Both single or repeated systemic injections of the virus did not inhibit the growth of the primary tumor, but the repeated administration could effectively suppress the development of lung metastases and was likely responsible for the observed increase in survival. Furthermore, we demonstrated, for the first time, that CTCs in blood samples from syngeneic osteosarcoma‐bearing mice were successfully detected by utilizing rVSV‐K ex vivo. Our results show that repeated systemic injections of rVSV‐K are an effective anti‐metastatic agent against osteosarcoma in immune‐competent mice and this virus to be a useful tool for detection of osteosarcoma CTCs, suggesting that further development of future viral‐based theranostic approach in patients with osteosarcoma is warranted. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2562–2569, 2018.
A high‐performance multifunctional substrate of ultrathin‐layer chromatography (UTLC) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for rapid biochemical mixture screening
Authors: Lee Bi‐Shen , Lin Ding‐Zheng , Huang Chih‐Hao , Yen Ta‐Jen
Published: September 2018

We present a multifunctional substrate of ultrathin‐layer chromatography (UTLC) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), which enables analytes separation and label‐free detection simultaneously. This integrated substrate is composed of silicon nanowires array (SiNWA), decorated with silver nano‐dendrites (AgNDs). This SiNWA is fabricated by a facile and low‐cost metal‐assisted chemical etching process, and the AgNDs are then decorated onto SiNWA by chemical reduction process. These AgNDs provide abundant hot spots by inducing strong localized electric field, which is confirmed by finite‐difference time‐domain simulation calculations. With the optimized multifunctional substrate, the screening of melamine is successfully validated. The high linear dependence of signal intensity and melamine concentrations from 15 to 1,500 ppm with small deviation was carried out by our developed UTLC–SERS substrate, providing a great potential for quantitative detection. Besides, the SERS signals further show a low relative standard deviation of 8.7%, benefited from the calibration by a peak located at 520 cm−1 of silicon. In short, such a low‐cost, high‐stable multifunctional substrate of UTLC and SERS can be readily employed for practical applications of rapid biochemical mixture screening.
Isolation and characterization of an aspartic protease able to hydrolyze and decolorize heme proteins from Aspergillus glaucus
Authors: Takenaka Shinji , Lim Lihui , Fukami Takashi , Yokota Satoko , Doi Mikiharu
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

The xerophilic Aspergillus molds, Aspergillus glaucus and Aspergillus repens, have been used in the ripening and fermentation of dried tuna bonito (katsuobushi). These molds, and especially their extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, may also be of wider industrial value.

RESULTS

Aspergillus glaucus strain MA0196 produces different types of hydrolytic enzymes, including amylase, serine protease, aspartic protease, lipase and cellulase, depending on the composition of the medium. We characterized several of these enzymes, focusing on a glycosylated aspartic protease. The results showed that the lower the d‐glucose concentration in the medium, the higher the degree of protease glycosylation, with excess glycosylation tending to decrease protease activity. The molecular mass of the glycosylated protease as determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 243 and 253 kDa, respectively. The chemically deglycosylated protease had a molecular mass of only 46 kDa. The amount of myoglobin‐decolorizing activity was similar to that of a previously reported aspartic protease from A. repens strain MK82. However, the strain MA0196 protease more broadly hydrolyzed myoglobin and hemoglobins than did the strain MK82 protease.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study demonstrate the potential utility of Aspergillus molds as a functionally new microbial resource for industrial applications such as the bleaching of heme proteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Mango phenolics increase the serum apolipoprotein A1/B ratio in rats fed high cholesterol and sodium cholate diets
Authors: Domínguez‐Avila J Abraham , Astiazaran‐Garcia Humberto , Wall‐Medrano Abraham , de la Rosa Laura A , Alvarez‐Parrilla Emilio , González‐Aguilar Gustavo A
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Serum lipoproteins are in dynamic equilibrium, partially controlled by the apolipoprotein A1 to apolipoprotein B ratio (APOA1/APOB). Freeze‐dried mango pulp (FDM) is a rich source of phenolic compounds (MP) and dietary fiber (MF), although their effects on lipoprotein metabolism have not yet been studied.

RESULTS

Thirty male Wistar rats were fed with four different isocaloric diets (3.4 kcal g−1) for 12 weeks: control diet, high cholesterol (8 g kg−1) + sodium cholate (2 g kg−1) diet either alone or supplemented with MF (60 g kg−1), MP (1 g kg−1) or FDM (50 g kg−1). MP and FDM reduced food intake, whereas MF and MP tended to increase serum APOA1/APOB ratio, independently of their hepatic gene expression. This suggests that lipoprotein metabolism was favorably altered by mango bioactives, MP also mitigated the non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis that resulted from the intake of this diet.

CONCLUSION

We propose that phenolics are the most bioactive components of mango pulp, acting as anti‐atherogenic and hepatoprotective agents, with a mechanism of action tentatively based on changes to the main protein components of lipoproteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Nest and brood site selection of eastern wild turkeys
Authors: Wood Jeremy D. , Cohen Bradley S. , Conner L. Mike , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J.
Published: September 2018

Management of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests relies on frequent prescribed fire to maintain desirable plant communities. Prescribed fire is often applied while female wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are reproductively active and may immediately affect habitat availability and demographic outcomes. We identified covariates affecting selection of areas used by nesting and brooding females and determined if these covariates influenced nest and brood survival in a longleaf pine ecosystem. We captured 63 female wild turkeys and measured vegetation and landscape characteristics surrounding nests, brood roosts, and daytime use sites. We used conditional logistic regression to determine which vegetation and landscape‐scale characteristics influenced nest, brood roost, or daytime use sites. We generated Cox proportional hazard models at multiple spatial scales to determine if selection influenced nest and brood survival. Females selected nest sites with greater visual obstruction and increased ground cover, and also nested closer to roads. We observed relevant differences in vegetation and landscape variables associated with where females chose to roost broods compared to sites chosen for foraging or loafing. Females roosted broods at sites with increased ground cover and decreased visual obstruction, and daytime use by broods was most related to increases in ground cover. Time‐since‐fire was an informative covariate for brood site selection but not for nest site selection. Females selected brood roost sites in stands not recently burned (3–6 yr post‐fire), and selected daytime use sites in stands burned the current year (0 yr post‐fire) and 2 years post‐fire. We failed to observe links between selection of vegetation and landscape covariates and probability of nest or brood survival. Notably, our results suggest short (i.e., 1–2 yr) fire return intervals do not provide vegetation communities selected by females to roost broods. Conversely, stands burned within the current year were important for daytime use by broods. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the importance of maintaining diverse fire return intervals to ensure availability of vegetation conditions necessary for nesting and brooding. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
In Vitro Study of Colon Cancer Cell Migration Using E‐Jet 3D Printed Cell Culture Platforms
Authors: Zhong Juchang , Zhang Yingjie , Chen Jingfei , Huang Ruiying , Yang Yikun , Chen Haoxiang , Huang Yuan , Tan Weihong , Tan Zhikai
Published: September 2018

The development of accurate and predictive in vitro experimental models of human tumors consistent with in vivo tumor microenvironments has garnered great attention in modern cancer research. 3D scaffolds are fabricated in this study by E‐jet 3D printing with the aim of replicating the functionalities of tumor microenvironments in vitro which could be applicable as screening platforms for novel therapeutic strategies. Tumor protein 53 (p53) plays an important role in penetration and migration in 2D cell culture. However, whether or not p53 has the same function in 3D cell culture and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Results show that p53 deletion significantly decreases the speed of migration and proliferation of cancer cells within 3D environments. This study unveils aspects of cancer cell motility and migration and the steps involved in subsequent cancer metastases, which provides a new perspective and platform for the research of tumor metastasis therapy.
Preparation of Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐Based Composite Microfibers for Postoperative Treatment of Tumor in NIR I and NIR II Biowindows
Authors: Ye Changqing , Zhao Jiulong , Zheng Yuting , Wu Chenyao , Chen Ying , Wu Huan , An Xiao , Huang Mingxian , Wang Shige
Published: September 2018

In this work, a novel kind of electrospun microfiber to deliver a photothermal agent and an anticancer drug to tumor sites is explored. Photothermal therapy agent (MoS2 nanosheets) and doxorubicin (DOX) are incorporated with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microfiber via electrospinning a solution of PLGA, MoS2, and DOX. The designed microfiber with uniform fibrous morphology and negligible in vitro/in vivo hemo‐/histo‐toxicity is used as a durable photothermal agent, which shows an excellent photothermal transform ability and acceptable photothermal stability in both the first and second near‐infrared light (NIR I and II) biowindows. The synergistic in vivo tumor chemotherapy and photothermal therapy efficiency of the composite microfibers are studied in postoperative treatment of cancer. It is found that the tumor postoperative reoccurrence can be completely prohibited owing to the synergistic tumor therapy efficiency in both the NIR I and NIR II biowindows.
Palladium‐SCS Pincer Complexes as Cross‐Linking Moieties in Self‐Healing Metallopolymers
Authors: Götz Stefan , Geitner Robert , Abend Marcus , Siegmann Michael , Zechel Stefan , Vitz Jürgen , Gräfe Stefanie , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: September 2018

Metallopolymers combine properties of metal complexes and polymers and are thus interesting materials for a wide field of different applications. One current major field is the utilization as self‐healing polymers, and for this purpose, palladium‐SCS pincer complexes are synthesized. Well‐defined copolymers featuring those metal complexes in the side chain are obtained using the reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization technique. By the addition of a tetravalent pyridine cross‐linkers, reversible cross‐linked supramolecular networks are prepared, enabling self‐healing properties. By utilizing density functional theory calculations, IR, and Raman spectroscopy, as well as isothermal titration calorimetry, the complex formation, reversibility, and stability are studied. The information of these experiments also enables further optimizations for the design of similar reversible systems in the future.
Cap‐Score™ prospectively predicts probability of pregnancy
Authors: Schinfeld Jay , Sharara Fady , Morris Randy , Palermo Gianpiero D. , Rosenwaks Zev , Seaman Eric , Hirshberg Steve , Cook John , Cardona Cristina , Ostermeier G. Charles , Travis Alexander J.
Published: September 2018

Semen analysis (SA) poorly predicts male fertility, because it does not assess sperm fertilizing ability. The percentage of capacitated sperm determined by GM1 localization (“Cap‐Score™”), differs between cohorts of fertile and potentially infertile men, and retrospectively, between men conceiving or failing to conceive by intrauterine insemination (IUI). Here, we prospectively tested whether Cap‐Score can predict male fertility with the outcome being clinical pregnancy within ≤3 IUI cycles. Cap‐Score and SA were performed (n = 208) with outcomes initially available for 91 men. Men were predicted to have either low (n = 47) or high (n = 44) chance of generating pregnancy using previously‐defined Cap‐Score reference ranges. Absolute and cumulative pregnancy rates were reduced in men predicted to have low pregnancy rates versus high ([absolute: 10.6% vs. 29.5%; p = 0.04]; [cumulative: 4.3% vs. 18.2%, 9.9% vs. 29.1%, and 14.0% vs. 32.8% for cycles 1–3; n = 91, 64, and 41; p = 0.02]). Only Cap‐Score, not male/female age or SA results, differed significantly between outcome groups. Logistic regression evaluated Cap‐Score and SA results relative to the probability of generating pregnancy (PGP) for men who were successful in, or completed, three IUI cycles (n = 57). Cap‐Score was significantly related to PGP (p = 0.01). The model fit was then tested with 67 additional patients (n = 124; five clinics); the equation changed minimally, but fit improved (p < 0.001; margin of error: 4%). The Akaike Information Criterion found the best model used Cap‐Score as the only predictor. These data show that Cap‐Score provides a practical, predictive assessment of male fertility, with applications in assisted reproduction and treatment of male infertility.
Improved sensitivity and temporal resolution in perfusion FMRI using velocity selective inversion ASL
Authors: Hernandez‐Garcia Luis , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik , Noll Douglas C.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This work aims to investigate the utility of velocity selective inversion pulses for perfusion weighted functional MRI.

Methods

Tracer kinetic properties of velocity selective inversion (VSI) pulses as an input function for an arterial spin labeling (ASL) experiment were characterized in a group of healthy participants. Numerical simulations were conducted to search for a robust set of timing parameters for FMRI time series acquisition with maximal signal to noise ratio efficiency. The performance of three VSI pulse sequences with different timing parameters was compared with a pseudocontinuous ASL sequence in a simple FMRI experiment conducted on healthy participants.

Results

The fit to the tracer kinetic model yielded arterial CBV of 1.24% ± 0.52% and 0.45 ± 0.11% and perfusion rates of 60.8 ± 32.3 and 34.4 ± 5.4 mL/min/100 g for gray and white matter, respectively. Bolus arrival times were estimated as 75.7 ± 21 ms and 349 ± 78 ms for gray and white matter, respectively. The FMRI experiments showed that VSI pulses yield comparable sensitivity to PCASL with similar timing parameters (TR = 4 s). However, VSI pulses could be used at a faster acquisition speed (TR = 3 s) and were more sensitive to neuronal activity than PCASL pulses, as evidenced by the 31% higher Z scores obtained on average in the active regions.

Conclusion

VSI pulses can be very beneficial for perfusion weighted functional MRI because of their tracer kinetic characteristics, which allow a faster acquisition rate while maintaining an efficient labeling input function.
Computation of exact g‐factor maps in 3D GRAPPA reconstructions
Authors: Rabanillo‐Viloria Iñaki , Zhu Ante , Aja‐Fernández Santiago , Alberola‐López Carlos , Hernando Diego
Published: September 2018

Purpose

To characterize the noise distributions in 3D‐MRI accelerated acquisitions reconstructed with GRAPPA using an exact noise propagation analysis that operates directly in k‐space.

Theory and Methods

We exploit the extensive symmetries and separability in the reconstruction steps to account for the correlation between all the acquired k‐space samples. Monte Carlo simulations and multi‐repetition phantom experiments were conducted to test both the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method; a high‐resolution in‐vivo experiment was performed to assess the applicability of our method to clinical scenarios.

Results

Our theoretical derivation shows that the direct k‐space analysis renders an exact noise characterization under the assumptions of stationarity and uncorrelation in the original k‐space. Simulations and phantom experiments provide empirical support to the theoretical proof. Finally, the high‐resolution in‐vivo experiment demonstrates the ability of the proposed method to assess the impact of the sub‐sampling pattern on the overall noise behavior.

Conclusions

By operating directly in the k‐space, the proposed method is able to provide an exact characterization of noise for any Cartesian pattern sub‐sampled along the two phase‐encoding directions. Exploitation of the symmetries and separability into independent blocks through the image reconstruction procedure allows us to overcome the computational challenges related to the very large size of the covariance matrices involved.
Pediatric Nasogastric Tube Placement and Verification: Best Practice Recommendations From the NOVEL Project
Authors: Irving Sharon Y. , Rempel Gina , Lyman Beth , Sevilla Wednesday Marie A. , Northington LaDonna , Guenter Peggi ,   The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Published: September 2018

The placement of a nasogastric tube (NGT) in a pediatric patient is a common practice that is generally perceived as a benign bedside procedure. There is potential risk for NGT misplacement with each insertion. A misplaced NGT compromises patient safety, increasing the risk for serious and even fatal complications. There is no standardized method for verification of the initial NGT placement or reverification assessment of NGT location prior to use. Measurement of the acidity or pH of the gastric aspirate is the most frequently used evidence‐based method to verify NGT placement. The radiograph, when properly obtained and interpreted, is considered the gold standard to verify NGT location. However, the uncertainty regarding cumulative radiation exposure related to radiographs in pediatric patients is a concern. To minimize risk and improve patient safety, there is a need to identify best practice and to standardize care for initial and ongoing NGT location verification. This article provides consensus recommendations for best practice related to NGT location verification in pediatric patients. These consensus recommendations are not intended as absolute policy statements; instead, they are intended to supplement but not replace professional training and judgment. These consensus recommendations have been approved by the American Society for Parental and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Board of Directors.
The electronic structure of molecules with the BF and BCl bond in light of the topological analysis of electron localization function: Possibility of multiple bonds?
Authors: Mierzwa Grzegorz , Gordon Agnieszka J. , Berski Slawomir
Published: September 2018

Topological analysis of electron localisation function (ELF) has been used to study the nature of the BX (X = F, Cl) bonds in 26 molecules. Twelve small molecules with formal BX, BX, and BX bonds and 14 organoboron molecules with the BCl bond from the Cambridge Structural Database have been studied using CCSD, DFT(M062x) methods. As the V(B,F) basin population for the investigated molecules is smaller than 4 and 6e, the existence of BX, BX bonds is not confirmed. The results show higher polarity of BF bonds as compared to the BCl bonds. Electronic structure of selected molecules has been discussed from the ELF‐topological perspective.
The horizontal reactive media treatment well (HRX Well®) for passive in situ remediation: Design, implementation, and sustainability considerations
Authors: Divine Craig E. , Wright Jesse , Wang Jack , McDonough Jeff , Kladias Michael , Crimi Michelle , Nzeribe Blossom N. , Devlin J.F. , Lubrecht Michael , Ombalski Daniel , Hodge Billy , Voscott Hoa , Gerber Kathleen
Published: September 2018

A new in situ remediation concept termed a Horizontal Reactive Media Treatment Well (HRX Well®) is presented that utilizes a horizontal well filled with reactive media to passively treat contaminated groundwater in situ. The approach involves the use of a large‐diameter directionally drilled horizontal well filled with solid reactive media installed parallel to the direction of groundwater flow. The engineered contrast in hydraulic conductivity between the high in‐well reactive media and the ambient aquifer hydraulic conductivity results in the passive capture, treatment, and discharge back to the aquifer of proportionally large volumes of groundwater. Capture and treatment widths of up to tens of feet can be achieved for many aquifer settings, and reductions in downgradient concentrations and contaminant mass flux are nearly immediate. Many different types of solid‐phase reactive treatment media are already available (zero valent iron, granular activated carbon, biodegradable particulate organic matter, slow‐release oxidants, ion exchange resins, zeolite, apatite, etc.). Therefore, this concept could be used to address a wide range of contaminants. Laboratory and pilot‐scale test results and numerical flow and transport model simulations are presented that validate the concept. The HRX Well can access contaminants not accessible by conventional vertical drilling and requires no aboveground treatment or footprint and requires limited ongoing maintenance. A focused feasibility evaluation and alternatives analysis highlights the potential cost and sustainability advantages of the HRX Well compared to groundwater extraction and treatment systems or funnel and gate permeable reactive barrier technologies for long‐term plume treatment. This paper also presents considerations for design and implementation for a planned upcoming field installation.
Overview of state approaches to vapor intrusion: 2018
Authors: Eklund Bart , Beckley Lila , Rago Rich
Published: September 2018

Regulatory requirements for the evaluation of vapor intrusion vary significantly among states. For site owners and responsible parties that have sites in different regulatory jurisdictions, one challenge is to know and understand how the requirements or expectations for vapor intrusion differ from one jurisdiction to the next. Differences in requirements can make it difficult to manage sites in a consistent manner across jurisdictions. Eklund, Folkes, et al. (2007, February, Environmental Manager, 10–14) published an overview of state guidance for vapor intrusion in 2007 that provided a detailed summary of pathway screening values and other key vapor intrusion policies. An update by Eklund, Beckley, et al. (2012, Remediation, 22, 7–20) was published in 2012, which expanded the evaluation to additional states. Since that time, numerous states have substantially revised their guidance and some states that did not have vapor intrusion‐specific guidance have issued new guidance. This article provides an update to the 2012 study. For each state, the review includes tabulations of the types of screening values included (e.g., groundwater, soil, soil gas, indoor air) and the screening values for selected chemicals that commonly drive vapor intrusion investigations (i.e., trichloroethylene [TCE], tetrachloroethylene, and benzene) along with other compounds of potential interest. In addition, for each state, the article summarizes a number of key policy decisions that are important for the investigation of vapor intrusion including: distance screening criteria, default subsurface to indoor air attenuation factors, mitigation criteria, and policies for evaluation of short‐term TCE exposure.
Bioprocess technology for coal washery effluent treatment by Lemna minor
Authors: Selvi V. A. , Kumar A.
Published: September 2018

Duckweed species are promising macrophytes that can be used in wastewater treatment due to their rapid growth, ease of harvest, low fiber feed potential, and high protein contents. Waste‐water contaminants that are likely to be generated during washing of coal are total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acidity or alkalinity (pH), and metallic contaminants. Bioprocesses were developed to evaluate the potential of duckweed (Lemna minor) to treat coal washery effluent (CWE) as well as to study the impact on the biochemical changes of the Lemna minor. CWE samples were diluted with distilled water (DW) in different ratios as follows: T1‐CWE:DW(20:80%), T2‐CWE:DW(40:60%), T3‐CWE:DW(60:40%), T4‐CWE:DW (80:20%), T5‐CWE (100%), and Control‐DW(100%). The electrical conductivity of the effluent treated with Lemna minor was 0.035 deciSiemens per meter (dS/m) in the control at Day 10 and substantially higher at treatment ratios of 100, 80, and 60 percent (1.754, 1.842, and 1.631 dS/m). The highest amount of TSS was observed at test ratio T5 (38,834 mg/L), followed by T4 (28,816 mg/L), T3 (26,970 mg/L), T2 (15,320 mg/L), T1 (4,524 mg/L), and control (424 mg/L). Total hardness was higher (820 mg/L) in T4 compared to the control (220 mg/L). Total hardness of the effluent decreased after 30 days of incubation in all the treatment aliquots. The CWE at 20 percent concentration increased the duckweed population and no adverse impacts on its growth were observed. At higher concentration (T5) total mortality of Lemna minor was observed. The chlorophyll production was determined to be inversely proportional to the effluent concentration. Based on this study, it is concluded that Lemna minor can be used for treating CWE after dilution with fresh water.
Yolk‐Shell Structured Fe3O4 @ Copper Silicate as Catalyst for Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Huang Kai , Wang Huiping
Published: September 2018

Yolk‐shell structured Fe3O4@copper silicates (FCSs) were prepared and applied for catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS and N2 sorption isotherms. FCS prepared with trisodium citrate, named FtCS, presented better catalytic performance than FcCS (FCS prepared with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) and other catalysts reported recently. Four successive runs of FtCS along with the negligible Cu2+ leaching (6 ppm) certified that the composite was stable. The results showed that copper component ≡Cu(II) in FtCS was the main active phase which promoted H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radicles (HO⋅) resulting in the MB decomposition.