bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geleneksel Ekolojik Bilgi ve Folklor
Authors: Ali Yolcu Mehmet
Published: October 2019

Geleneksel ekolojik bilgi (GEB), uzun yıllardan sonra elde edilen ve insanın çevresiyle temasına dair deneyimlerle oluşmuş bilgi ve inançlar toplamıdır. Batı’da GEB’in terimleştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir kaynak kullanımı ile ekolojik kalkınma hususunda modern topluma bir yol gösterebileceği fikri 1980’li yılların başından itibaren tartışılagelmiştir. Bu kavram, insan-doğa ilişkilerine dair sorunların temelini görmek açısından önemlidir. GEB araştırmaları, dünyanın birçok bölgesinde yaşayan yerel toplulukların her birinin çevresel uyarlanması sonucu özgün bir gelişme çizgisi göstermiş ekolojik bilgi birikimini gözler önüne sermesini amaçlamaktadır. Batı’daki GEB araştırmaları yaklaşık 40 yıldır devam etse de Türkiye’de terim literatüre yeni girmiştir. Farklı disiplinlerin ilgi alanına giren GEB araştırmalarının folklor disiplinindeki yeri ve önemi, GEB’le ilgili bir araştırma modeli oluşturmamızı gerektirmektedir. Bir topluluğa özgü GEB birikiminin nasıl toplanacağı, bu bilgiye hangi açılardan yaklaşılacağı ve nasıl analiz edileceği konuyla ilgili öncü çalışmalarla açıklığa kavuşturulabilir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda, kavramın tanımı, içeriği ve kapsamı, araştırmaların kısa tarihi ele alınarak folklorda GEB araştırma modeli önerilmiştir.
Perfil psicográfico teniendo en cuenta la cultura como factor estructural del comportamiento del consumidor de la región caribe colombiana
Authors: Berbesi Urbina Albeiro
Published: October 2019

La pictografía implica el uso de factores psicológicos y antropológicos para determinar cómo se segmenta el mercado considerando las tendencias dentro de los grupos de dicho mercado para tomar una decisión acerca de un producto, una persona, una ideología o cualquier otra cosa que marque una actitud o utilice un medio. Los perfiles psicográficos describen las características y las respuestas de un individuo ante un medio ambiente.

Desde la segmentación de mercados la psicografia permite definir mercado meta, crear una nueva perspectiva del mercado, posicionar el producto, comunicar mejor los atributos del producto, desarrollar estrategias generales, comercializar temas políticos y sociales. Al segmentar psicograficamente los consumidores se dividen de acuerdo a: estilo de vida, personalidad y valores.

El Caribe colombiano está compuesto por ocho departamentos (La Guajira, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Córdoba, Magdalena, Sucre y San Andrés y Providencia, Santa Catalina), además de sus diferencias climáticas y geográficas, existe un factor relevante en las características de consumo y rasgos culturales de sus habitantes. Este está determinado por sus antepasados precolombinos; como lo fueron la conquista española y la presencia de esclavos africanos, así se fusionan los rasgos culturales, regionales y por ende las características de consumo de dichos habitantes.
Lineamiento para la formulación de la política pública de empleabilidad y emprendimiento
Authors: Martínez Lozada Bray Felipe , Mendieta Angie Paola
Published: October 2019

El objetivo del artículo es establecer cuáles son los principales elementos que se deben tener en cuenta en el municipio de Puerto Gaitán para la implementación de una adecuada política pública de empleabilidad y emprendimiento, que permita un desarrollo económico sostenible para la ciudad y en especial para sus habitantes. Para esto ha sido imperante determinar la principal problemática económica y social que afecta a dicho municipio, sus causas y los efectos que ha generado.

Analizar esta situación ha permitido reflexionar sobre los aspectos que han ocasionado que esta ciudad, que para el año 2014 contó con un presupuesto de cincuenta y ocho mil seiscientos sesenta y nueve millones novecientos cincuenta y cuatro mil pesos ($58.669.954.000[1]), tenga por ejemplo un índice Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas del 40.05% para el área urbana y del 83.39% para el sector rural[2]. Ante esta situación se han planteado una serie de posibles soluciones viables, las cuales han sido nombradas como “Líneas estratégicas”. En total son seis líneas que abarcan diferentes estrategias con el fin de ser una alternativa para optimizar el uso de los recursos disponibles y aumentar el bienestar de la población.
The effect of fiscal deficits on the external imbalances in the European Union
Authors: Josifidis Kosta , Dragutinovic-Mitrovic Radmila , Bodor Sladjana
Published: October 2019

This paper analyzes the effect of the fiscal deficit on the current account deficit in the European Union during the period 1995-2018. The purpose is to examine to what extent an increase in government spending affects the deterioration of terms of trade and contributes to increasing external imbalances. Econometric methods for heterogeneous panel data models are used to analyse the existence of a long-run relationship between the fiscal deficit and the current account. The empirical findings indicate that the twin deficits hypothesis is not confirmed for the whole European Union, but only for a certain number of member states, where a long-run relationship still exists, confirming the impact of the fiscal deficit on the current account.
Assessing the symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder among college/university students: An international validation study of a self-report
Authors: Stevanovic Dejan , Djoric Ana , Balhara Yatan , Cirovic Nikola , Arya Sidharth , Ransing Ramdas , Thi Tuong-Vi , Huong Truong , Tadic Ivana , Jovic Jelena , Radovanovic Sasa , Kafali Yilmaz , Erzin Gamze , Zahir Vally , Chowdhury Mita , Sharma Pawan , Shakya Rabi , Moreira Paulo , Olayinka Atilola , Mohamad Avicenna , Campos Monteiro , Campos Pedro , Moreira Silva , Tavares Jose , Buoli Massimiliano , Burkauskas Julius , Ivanovic Iva , Szczegielniak Anna , Knez Rajna
Published: October 2019

The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of a self-report scale for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) symptoms according to the DSM?5 and ICD?11 among 3270 college/university students (2095 [64.1%] females; age mean 21.6 [3.1] years) from different countries worldwide. Croatian, English, Polish, Portuguese, Serbian, Turkish, and Vietnamese versions of the scale were tested. The study showed that symptoms of IGD could be measured as a single underlying factor among college/university students. A nine item symptom scale following DSM?5, and a short four-item scale representing the main ICD?11 symptoms, had sound internal consistency and construct validity. Three symptom-items were found non-invariant across the language samples (i.e., preoccupation with on-line gaming, loss of interests in previous hobbies and entertainment, and the use of gaming to relieve negative moods). This study provides initial evidence for assessing IGD symptoms among college/university students and will hopefully foster further research into gaming addiction in this population worldwide especially with taking into account language/cultural differences.
Reducing Underreporting by Aggregating Budgeted Time
Authors: Mendoza Kim I.
Published: October 2019

Underreporting, or reporting fewer hours than actually worked, is a prevalent behavior among auditors at all levels. Underreporting can result in negative consequences, such as tight budgets and reductions in future audit quality. In this paper, I propose a low-cost budget formatting procedure that reduces underreporting. Using an experiment, I document that individuals with higher underreporting incentives underreport less when given an aggregated budget relative to a disaggregated budget. When individuals have lower underreporting incentives, aggregating the budget has a smaller effect on underreporting. I also provide evidence of the process by performing a mediation analysis. In a second experiment, I examine a budget formatting procedure that reduces underreporting while also mitigating the loss of data richness that results from aggregation. This study provides important insights to audit firms, partners, managers, and regulators who rely on audit hours for budgets, measures of staff efficiency, and measures of audit quality.
α-SiAlON Seramiklerin Optik Özelliklerinin İki Aşamalı Yüksek Enerjili Öğütme Yöntemi Kullanılarak Geliştirilmesi
Authors: AVCIOĞLU Suna , KURAMA Semra , AYAS Erhan , Gürcan Kubra
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada, yarı saydam Dy/Y-α-SiAlON
seramikler kıvılcım plazma sinterleme (SPS) tekniği kullanılarak üretilmiştir.
Başlangıç toz karışımının iki aşamalı yüksek enerjili öğütme yöntemi ile
hazırlanmasının yarı saydam α-SiAlON seramiklerin faz bileşimi, mikro yapısı ve
optik özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Öğütme sürecinin ilk
aşamasında, AlN tozu karışıma eklenmeden önce tane boyutunun küçültülmesi ile
son üründe meydana gelebilecek olan AlN esaslı ikincil fazların (politipler)
miktarının azaltılması ve faz çeşitliliği nedeni ile transparanlıkta meydana
gelen kaybın giderilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Öğütme işlemi öncesi ve sonrası AlN
tozların parçacık boyutu dağılımı, lazer kırınım spektroskopisi ile karakterize
edilmiştir. Kıvılcım plazma sinterleme (SPS) tekniği ile üretilmiş α-SiAlON
seramiklerin mikro yapısı ve faz karakterizasyonu sırasıyla taramalı elektron
mikroskobu (SEM) ve X-ışını kırınım (XRD) teknikleri kullanılarak
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Seramiklerin kızıl ötesi (IR) geçirgenliği FT-IR
kullanılarak 3000–7000 cm-1 dalga sayısı aralığında incelenmiştir.
Sonuçlar, AlN tozunun parçacık
boyutunun, α-SiAlON seramiklerin morfolojisi, faz bileşimi ve IR-geçirimi
üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
Effects of Different Tire Operating Conditions on Transient Lateral Tire Response
Authors: Furlan Marco , Olsson Henning , Gladstone Mateo , Mavros Georgios
Published: October 2019

The concept of the relaxation length is often used to describe a tire's transient response. This paper investigates how the transient response changes under different operating conditions. Through the measurement of tire forces and tire deformations during transient maneuvers performed on an indoor flat-belt tire test machine, experimental data were used to calculate various tire stiffnesses and the associated relaxation lengths using a novel method via optimization.

With this methodology, the effects of tire load, inflation pressure, speed, and temperature on these stiffnesses and the relaxation length have been identified. The mechanisms behind these effects are discussed with a particular focus on the influence of temperature.
PENGGUNAAN ISTILAH BERBAHASA ARAB PADA KOMUNITAS PERGERAKAN ISLAM DI KOTA SEMARANG: TINJAUAN SOSIOPRAGMATIK
Authors: Irawati Retno Purnama
Published: October 2019

The Arabic terms usage problems in Islamic Movement Community are interested to be explored by the researchers because the linguistic situation in Islamic Movement Community is enough unique if it is compared with the linguistic situation in another social community. It is necessary to be explored by deep doing about the linguistic behavior that is related to registers and speech acts, the linguistic interaction patterns in what context, to whom, when, what for and where, which them to be done by spoken. The main problems in this study are register and speech act in Arabic terms applied in Islamic Movement Community and their motivation in employing Arabic terms in doing communication in Islamic Movement Community. There were some registers and speech acts in Arabic terms applied in Islamic Movement Community found as follows: locution speech act, illocution speech act, representative speech act, comissive speech act, directive speech act. Expressive and declarative speech act were not found in their speech act. To get data about their motivation and Arabic terms applied context in doing communication in Islamic Movement Community used questionnaire. There were 150 questionnaires given to respondents and 95 questionnaire that could be taken.
The mostly outstanding action of record assessment: Critical Analysis
Authors: Samual Professor David
Published: October 2019

He buzzes concerning better and better sites stocking a continually fairly better a lot of kinds of fitness, complement has really led to a broad variety of retail opening substance control software plan getting a solitary thing linked with a logistical ache. The real information that “bend” provisions managerial knowledge were imaginary in its part of 40 years just before, usually the couple were mainly just obtained past structure repair providers. A lot of dollars the belongings that reason this kind of. Come up with some, companies only require contribution jack precise form text toward a list organization process to create exactly the amount of the supplies they are going to request, thus, level computer products since of outstanding handiness on the modern obligation is clever to authority these items. Merchant's, to the opposing, have been governed by the exact whims for being be firm, in which, surely, there since extremely few reliably prognostic utilities. Keep obvious of, the option of extravagant community a high-quality standing creature a popular plan obtainable off lived to help overstock onward substance. Simply record assessment was your inaccurate knowledge by most helpful, stockists repeatedly been for a while pressed create unfashionable units in the violent discount, however, they can potentially you must gaming scheme unaccompanied utilize the fact key needs intended higher up earnings on a your celebrity that exacting provided.
Dmenisions of Human Behavior in The Novel “The Foreigner” By Arun Joshi
Authors: Verma Abhishek
Published: October 2019

In the modern age of globalization and modernization, people have become selfish and self-centered.  Feeling of sympathy and kindness towards poor people have almost bolted from the hearts of those who have richly available resources.  They leave needy people running behind their luxurious chauffer-driven cars.  Poor and marginalized people keep shouting for help for their dear ones but upper class people trying to show as if they did not hear any long distant sound crept into their eardrums.  This trauma, agony, pain and sufferings is explored in the novel, The Foreigner.
Dr Radhakrishnan as a Philosopher
Authors: Subramony Dr R.
Published: October 2019

Dr Radhakrishnan’s thinking was Upanishadic.  He also firmly believed in the birth of a new order based on ancient Indian wisdom.  Drawing his inspiration from the Vedas, the Upanisads and the Gita, Radhakrishnan believed that humanity must become one. What kind of religion did Radhakrishnan advocate?  Not a credal or dogmatic one, not an intellectual theology disputing over dogmas and contemplations.  Radhakrishnan takes pride in the fact that Hinduism is not bound up with a creed or a dogma, with a founder – prophet or a historical personality, with a book like the Bible or the Quran, but a “persistent search for truth on the basis of a continuously renewed experience”.  Radhakrishnan, as an ardent Hindu, could not transcend Hinduism itself.  He was respectful of all religions, but it is ultimately Hindu standards by which he judged other religions.  Hinduism was always for him the ideal religion, of course, a Hinduism re-interpreted, purged of all that he found distasteful in it. That President Radhakrishnan was a dhvajasthambalam in the temple of our nation’s consciousness: upright and resplendent in rough weather and fair, inspiring us to a higher purpose.    K R Srinivas Iyengar noted that without the reserves of the spirit, the inner poise, the hidden fire, all other endowments cannot count for much.  And the spirit that moved and sustained our ancient Indian Rishis and Acharyas is not foreign to Professor Radhakrishnan
The Unwanted Metonymy of The 1804 Usman Dan Fodio’s Jihad To The Contemporary Nigerian State
Authors: Ebony Amanambu Uchenna
Published: October 2019

This paper analyzes the eruption of some covert religio-political militant movements modeled after the 1804 Usman dan Fodio’s jihad who are engrossed with the penchant desire for launching jihads in Nigeria. It discusses also the Maitatsine’s imbroglio, Izala, the Shiites, the sharia propagandists between 1978 and 1999, Boko Haram’s insurgence and Fulani herdsmen onslaughts. It highlights the dangers of these disguised movements to the Nigerian socio political and economic existence and suggests some ways of checkmating their excesses.
The Mystic Path of Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya
Authors: Subramony Dr R.
Published: October 2019

Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya (1182-1262) laid the foundation of the Suhrawardi order in Multan, which played a significant role in the socio cultural history of north-western India. His ancestors had migrated from Mecca and settled in Multan. His father Shaikh Wajihuddin was married to the daughter of Maulana Husamuddin Tirmizi, who had migrated to Punjab in the wake of the Mongol invasions. Bahauddin Zakariya was born at Kot Karor, a village near Multan. While still a young boy, he memorized the Quran and learnt to recite it in seven styles of recitation. During a long stay in the famous centres of education – Khurasan, Bukhara, Madina and Palestine- he studied the traditional subjects
From Colonial Reality to Poetic Truth: Baudelaire’s Indian Ocean Poems
Authors: Yuqiu Meng
Published: October 2019

Correcting the early Manichean interpretation of the abundant Baudelairian image of the black, later criticism tends to downplay the realist slavery framework and put emphasis on the psychological and philosophical dimension of the relationship between the master and the slave. My historicized analysis of “A une dame créole” uncovers evocations of slavery, violence and revolution in the vocabulary and imagery of the poem. By inscribing into the Ronsardian tradition a former French slave colony whose ruling elite never embraced revolutionary ideas, I argue, the poem puts the colonial enterprise into the perspective of France’s nation building and problematizes both. The 1863 prose poem “La belle Dorothée” in which Baudelaire refers back again to his experience in the Mascarene Islands, exposes the crude nature of the French policy that pretended to give the slaves freedom while forced them to live in idleness, poverty or prostitution. If Baudelaire’s oft discussed exoticism manifests a rejection of the society of his time, his longing for Africa and the Indian Ocean should not be dismissed as escapism.
Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik , Leverage dan GCG Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Basic Industry dan Chemical serta Consumer Goods yang Listing di BEI Periode 20130-2016 terhadap Tax Avoidance
Authors: Darmawan Steven , Hananto Hari
Published: October 2019

The objective of the research is to observe the effect of characteristic, leverage and corporate governance to tax avoidance in manufacturing company listed in BEI from 2013-2016. Population in this research consists of 109 companies. The test of hypothesis in this research uses regression linier analysis. The result of this research shows that capital intensity and ROA have significant effect to tax avoidance, while size, leverage, sales growth, corporate governance don’t have significant effect to tax avoidance.
Strategies to Address Climate Change Risk in Low- and Moderate-income Communities
Authors:   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Community Development
Published: October 2019

This issue of the Community Development Innovation Review offers strategies that address climate change risk in low- and moderate-income (LMI) communities. As these communities begin to grapple with a changing environment, strategic investments can increase resiliency and support adaptation while simultaneously advancing community development priorities. The articles in this issue of the Review consider these investment opportunities from a diverse set of community, financial, economic, and academic perspectives.
Cardiovascular and Perceived Effort in Different Head‐Out Water Exercises: Effect of Limbs’ Action and Resistance Equipment
Authors: Costa Mário J. , Cruz Lúcia , Simão Ana , Barbosa Tiago M.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular and perceived effort of head‐out water exercises selecting different limb strategies and using resistance equipment. Ten young women were randomly assigned to perform at 132 bpm during five minutes different head‐out aquatic exercises: (i) horizontal arms abduction (Ab); (ii) horizontal arms abduction with dumbbells (AbD); (iii) frontal kick (Fk); (iv) frontal kick with leggings (FkLeg), and; (v) aquatic skiing (Ski). Cardiovascular effort was measured by monitoring the heart rate, blood pressure and double product. Perceived effort was assessed by the Borg’s scale. Within‐routines comparison was computed using repeated‐ measures ANOVA followed‐up by the Bonferroni post‐hoc test. Considering the percentage of the maximal heart rate, participants reached 72.88 ± 12.90% in the FkLeg, 65.99 ± 10.91% in the Fk, 62.62 ± 7.20% in Ski, 57.27 ± 11.58% in AbD and 57.12 ± 12.09% in Ab. Comparing exercises, higher heart rates were observed in the FkLeg (140.40 bpm) than Ab (110.30 bpm) or AbD (110.00 bpm). Significant differences were found in the systolic blood pressure when compared to the Fk (120.60 mmHg) and Ab (104.50 mmHg). Double product was higher in the FkLeg (16990) showing a meaningful difference when compared to Ab (11608) or AbD (12001). The highest perceived effort was found in the FkLeg (15.80) with meaningful variations compared to Ab (11.70), the Fk (13.70) and Ski (10.40). Thus, different head‐ out water exercises result in different intensities. The actions by lower limbs promote a higher cardiovascular response, whereas the upper limbs actions trigger a lower exertion. Moreover, exercising the four limbs concurrently seems to be less intense than using only two limbs with an aid.
Can Anthropometric Variables and Maturation Predict the Playing Position in Youth Basketball Players?
Authors: Gryko Karol , Stastny Petr , Kopiczko Anna , Mikołajec Kazimierz , Pecha Ondrej , Perkowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2019

Anthropometric diagnoses predict the most appropriate on‐court position for a certain player and are important in the long‐term planning of basketball training programs. This study provides anthropometric characteristics and body composition profiles of Polish youth national team players (U‐14, U‐15, U‐16 and U‐18). The aim of this research was to determine the somatic characteristics of basketball players regarding particular on‐court positions. The sample population consisted of 109 elite basketball players, who played in national teams in four age categories: U‐14, U‐16, U‐18 U‐20. An analysis of the obtained results revealed differences between the younger (U‐14, U‐15 and U‐16) and older groups (U‐18 and U‐20) in terms of length, width and circumference measurements and body mass (3.6–9.3%), as well as subcutaneous fat measured by the skinfold thickness method (14.3–33.7%). ANCOVA with maturity offset as the covariate variable showed differences in body height (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.74) and the arm span (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.87) between each playing position; the somatic measurements were greater for centers than for forwards and guards, and the measurements were greater for forwards than for guards. The somatic feature measurements also increased linearly with age. We can conclude that the arm span and body height are two major somatic factors that can predict center and guard playing positions for national team basketball players in all age categories from U‐14 to U‐20.
Monitoring Changes Over a Training Macrocycle in Regional Age‐Group Swimmers
Authors: Tucher Guilherme , Castro Flávio Antônio de Souza , Garrido Nuno Domingos , Fernandes Ricardo Jorge
Published: October 2019

Our aim was to analyze physiological, kinematical and performance changes induced by swimming training in regional age‐group athletes. Subjects (15.7 ± 2.2 years old) performed a 4 x 50‐m front‐crawl test at maximal velocity (10 s rest interval) in weeks 2, 4, 9 and 12 of a 15‐week macrocycle. Descriptive statistics were used and the percentage of change and smallest worthwhile change (moderate, 0.6‐1.2, and large, > 1.2) were measured. Lactate concentration in the third, seventh and twelfth minute of recovery decreased significantly between weeks 2‐9 (14.1, 15.7 and 17.6%) and increased between weeks 9‐12 (18.2, 18.6 and 19.8%), with the HR presenting only trivial variations during the training period. Stroke length showed a large decrease in the first 50‐m trial between weeks 4‐9 (6.2%) and a large increase between weeks 9‐12 (3.1%). The stroke rate (in all 50‐m trials) increased significantly between weeks 4‐9 (3‐ 7%) and the stroke index had a moderate to large increase in the first and third 50‐m trial (3.6 and 7.1%, respectively) between weeks 9‐12. The overall time decreased by 1.1% between weeks 2‐12, being more evident after week 4. We concluded that physiological, kinematical and performance variables were affected by the period of training in regional age‐group swimmers.
Regulation of Stride Length During the Approach Run in the 400‐M Hurdles
Authors: Ozaki Yusuke , Ueda Takeshi , Fukuda Tomohiro , Inai Tatsuya , Kido Eri , Narisako Daiki
Published: October 2019

This research aims to clarify the stride adjustment in the approach of the 400‐m hurdles, and to examine the relationship with 400‐m hurdle performance. Seven male 400‐m hurdlers volunteered for this study. Participants ran three times from the start to the second hurdle. The standard deviation of toe‐hurdle distance and standard deviation of stride length at each step from the start to the first hurdle were calculated. The maximum value of the standard deviation of toe‐hurdle distance was defined as the position at which the athlete starts stride adjustment. The relationships between each variable, 400‐m hurdle personal best, and the ratio of 400‐m hurdle personal best and 400‐m running personal best (400 m/400‐m hurdles) were examined. Results concluded that standard deviation of toe‐hurdle distance gradually increased after the start, reached the maximum value in the latter half of the approach section, and then decreased until the takeoff. Standard deviation of stride length increased significantly from 4 steps before the takeoff. From these trends, it was suggested that athletes seemed to start stride adjustment from the middle stage to the latter half of the approach by sensing stride error accumulation in the middle of the approach. The strides immediately before the takeoff were markedly involved in stride adjustment. Furthermore, the stride adjustment technique to reduce maximum accumulation error of stride evaluated in the approach section was considered associated with the smooth running of the entire 400‐m hurdle race.
Effect of Virtual Reality‐Based Rehabilitation on Physical Fitness in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Rutkowski Sebastian , Rutkowska Anna , Jastrzębski Dariusz , Racheniuk Henryk , Pawełczyk Witold , Szczegielniak Jan
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using the Kinect system during stationary rehabilitation. The study included 68 patients with COPD (35 men, 33 women, mean age 61.3 ± 3.7). The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups described below. Group I included 34 patients – non‐participants in Kinect training. Group II included 34 patients – participants in Kinect training. In all patients before and after rehabilitation physical fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT). The Xbox 360 and Kinect motion sensor were used to carry out virtual reality training. In group I, statistically significant improvements in SFT performance were observed. Patients in group II also showed statistically significant improvement in physical fitness in all attempts of the SFT. Virtual rehabilitation training in patients with COPD seems to be a practical and beneficial intervention capable of enhancing mobility and physical fitness.
Application of Virtual Reality in Competitive Athletes – A Review
Authors: Akbaş Anna , Marszałek Wojciech , Kamieniarz Anna , Polechoński Jacek , Słomka Kajetan J. , Juras Grzegorz
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the state of the art in the area of virtual reality in competitive athletes of different levels of expertise in various disciplines and point the areas of its application. Articles published before August 2018 were considered in our review. The PubMed, SCOPUS, SportDiscus and Medline databases were searched. A combination of the following search terms was used: virtual reality, virtual environment, virtual system, athletes, sports, physical training, sport performance, physical exercises. Studies involved healthy competitive athletes. A total of 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. There were three areas of application of virtual reality to sport: performance analysis, simulation improvement and virtual training. Competitive athletes were mostly examined in a semi‐immersive setting. In conclusion, virtual reality seems to play a marginal role in competitive athletes’ training. Due to the fact that virtual reality interventions bring significant improvements in clinical research, well‐designed randomized control trials with detailed virtual training programmes are required in the future. Practically, virtual reality is effectively and commonly used to analyse performance in competitive athletes. There is still a need of creating fully interactive VR, where athletes will be able to cooperate with a virtual partner and influence the environment.
Reaction to a Visual Stimulus: Anticipation with Steady and Dynamic Contractions
Authors: Casamento-Moran Agostina , Delmas Stefan , Park Seoung Hoon , Yacoubi Basma , Christou Evangelos A.
Published: October 2019

Reacting fast to visual stimuli is important for many activities of daily living and sports. It remains unknown whether the strategy used during the anticipatory period influences the speed of the reaction. The purpose of this study was to determine if reaction time (RT) differs following a steady and a dynamic anticipatory strategy. Twenty‐two young adults (21.0 ± 2.2 yrs, 13 women) participated in this study. Participants performed 15 trials of a reaction time task with ankle dorsiflexion using a steady (steady force at 15% MVC) and a dynamic (oscillating force from 10‐20% MVC) anticipatory strategy. We recorded primary agonist muscle (tibialis anterior; TA) electromyographic (EMG) activity. We quantified RT as the time interval from the onset of the stimulus to the onset of force. We found that a dynamic anticipatory strategy, compared to the steady anticipatory strategy, resulted in a longer RT (p = 0.04). We classified trials of the dynamic condition based on the level and direction of anticipatory force at the moment of the response. We found that RT was longer during the middle descending relative to the middle ascending and the steady conditions (p < 0.01). All together, these results suggest that RT is longer when preceded by a dynamic anticipatory strategy. Specifically, the longer RT is a consequence of the variable direction of force at which the response can occur, which challenges the motor planning process.
The Issue of Sovereignty: The Clarity Act as an Effective and Legitimate Response to Canada-Quebec Relations
Authors: Seto Megan
Published: October 2019

Quebec sovereignty in the Canadian federation has elicited strong emotion across the spectrum of politics and national interest. The forwarding of the Clarity Act by Jean Chretien‘s Liberals was an attempt by the federal government to seek a resolution to the question of Quebec unilateral secession in a legal and clearly defined manner. The Act of 2000 was not of abstract materialization. Rather, it highlighted the complexity of Canada‘s multinational identity and the historical quandaries of her founding races. The Act was a response to the 1995 Quebec referendum, yet despite it being an attempt to provide clarity to concerns arising from the referendum, the Act has generated further debate and new anxieties regarding Canada-Quebec relations [...]
The Canadian Federation and Fiscal Imbalance
Authors: Gosselin Katherine
Published: October 2019

Canada, like all other federations, must function despite the complex nature of fiscal relations between the country‘s multiple levels of government. The Conservative government, under Prime Minister Stephen Harper, has acknowledged that a fiscal imbalance exists in the Canadian federation. Through a number of recent measures, the government has strived to reconcile the country by trying to achieve a state of fiscal equilibrium. This paper will explain how Canada came to be in a state of imbalance, what that means, and how it relates to Alain Noël‘s three conditions for fiscal balance. In particular, this paper will focus on the perceived imbalances or disadvantageous financial situations in large Canadian cities like Toronto and in the provinces of Ontario and Saskatchewan. Though many opposition members refused to believe that a fiscal imbalance was applicable to the Canadian situation [...]
Canadian Federal Dynamics: Intergovernmental Relations as the Future for Quebec
Authors: Herdman Jenna
Published: October 2019

Quebec’s desire for recognition as “pas comme les autres” has defined fifty years of Canadian politics. In Canada, citizens have multiple layers of identity, including their dual allegiance to the federal nation and provincial culture. In the case of Quebec, these two identities often come into conflict with each other. Quebec nationalist sentiment which manifests itself through threats of sovereignty and demands for constitutional recognition, through negotiation with the federal government, has characterized the nature of Canadian federalism. Quebec has already been greatly accommodated and is privileged in the federal system in comparison to the other provinces. Moreover, the failure of the Liberal governments to create a pan-Canadian identity that Quebec accepts, as well as the Conservatives’ failed attempts to modify the constitution, demonstrate the inability for constitutional reform to recognize Quebec as distinct throughout the past fifty years of Canadian federal relations [...]
Compulsory Voting, Identity, and Nation Building - The Importance of the Compulsory Vote
Authors: Holdaway Joel
Published: October 2019

One hundred twenty five euros. This is the fine that Belgian citizens are liable for if they abstain from voting more than once in a national election.1 Not surprisingly, voter turnout in Belgium is one of the highest in the world and amongst the top three in industrialized liberal democracies. Between 1978 and 1999, the average voter turnout for registered voters in Belgium was ninety-three percent and the average turnout for those of voting age was eighty-seven percent.2 This marks a clear departure from regimes such as France, wherein the registered voter turnout for the legislative elections during the same period was seventy-one percent3 [...]
LE BILAN DU «FÉDÉRALISME D’OUVERTURE» DU GOUVERNEMENT DE STEPHEN HARPER FACE AUX REVENDICATION DU QUÉBEC
Authors: Godbout Gregory
Published: October 2019

Depuis la signature de l’Acte de l’Amérique du Nord britannique, qui marque la formation de la fédération canadienne en 1867, se sont alternées des périodes de centralisation du pouvoir entre les mains du palier fédéral et d’autres où les provinces arrivaient à faire quelques gains.1 Les relations entre le gouvernement fédéral et les provinces, surtout celles avec le Québec, sont souvent tendues. Nous n’avons qu’à penser à la naissance du mouvement souverainiste québécois et à ses revendications. Pierre-Elliott Trudeau, premier ministre canadien de l’époque, s’opposait fermement au mouvement souverainiste québécois2, lui qui était un fervent défenseur des droits individuels, dont la pensée est illustrée par des réformes comme la loi sur le multiculturalisme, la loi sur le bilinguisme et le rapatriement constitutionnel qui y incluait la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés3. Même si ces mesures avaient pour but l’unification nationale par la création d’une identité canadienne basée sur des valeurs communes mesures ont «[…]laissé le pays plus divisé que jamais» selon Kenneth McRoberts, car cette vision du Canada basée sur l’égalité des individus et des provinces allait à l’encontre des revendications collectives des Québécois4.[...]
The Expanded Role of the Judiciary: The Supreme Court and the Charter
Authors: Cavan Jeremy
Published: October 2019

The introduction of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Constitution Act, 1982 marked a decisive moment for Canadian federalism. In particular, it greatly expanded the role of the judiciary and the Supreme Court of Canada. The Charter created a legal framework of rights which changed the role of the courts in the Canadian political landscape. As a result, governments have been dissuaded from policy measures which might invoke legal action as a potential Supreme Court ruling is considered stare decisis 170 and could be potentially damaging to the confidence of the House of Commons and its popular support.[...]
Urban Governance and the Future of Canadian Federalism
Authors: Lewis Connor
Published: October 2019

The Canadian federation is constantly being reconfigured. Throughout our 147 years of nationhood Canada has evolved from a quasifederal 1 state to arguably one of the most decentralized federations in the world. However, for all the change that has occurred as we approach our sesquicentennial anniversary urban city centers are still treated as if they are the colonial holdings of their provincial masters. The rigidity in which the constitutional division of powers is interpreted in regards to municipal affairs allows for the continued suppression of urban governance [...]
République Fédéral de l’Éthiopie : Vers une stabilité démocratique ou la dissolution?
Authors: Héroux Alex
Published: October 2019

Il y a maintenant un peu plus de deux décennies que l’Éthiopie décida d’instaurer le système fédéralisme afin d’améliorer le processus démocratique ainsi que le niveau de vie pour l’ensemble du pays. De ce fait, le but de ce document est d’analyser les conséquences que cette décision a engendrées jusqu’à présent, pour ensuite examiner si cette fédération sera en mesure de perpétuer à travers le temps. En d’autres mots, nous allons observer si l’Éthiopie se dirige vers la stabilité ou l’échec. La nécessité de cette recherche ne vient pas seulement de la précarité politique à laquelle l’Éthiopie fait face, mais davantage des caractéristiques uniques qui constituent l’organisation de ce pays. Étant composés de plus quatre-vingts différents groupes ethniques, en plus d’une structure politique instable, les enjeux auxquelles ce pays fait face sont extrêmement complexes (Habtu 2004; Kincaid & al. 2010). De plus, l‘étonnant niveau de décentralisation offert par la constitution est si élevé que cela est dangereux pour la conservation du pays (Habtu 2005; Cohen 1995). Par ce fait même, afin de répondre à notre questionnement principal nous allons tenter de prouver notre hypothèse qui est la suivante : dû à l’organisation du pays sous une fédération du type « ethnique » ainsi que l’article 39 de la constitution, encourageant l’auto-détermination et autorisant la sécession, l’Éthiopie se dirige vers l’échec. Il ne fait donc aucun doute que sans changement considérable ce pays n’atteindra pas une stabilité désirée pour assurer un bon fonctionnement, ce qui mènera à sa dissolution.[...]
L’inclusion du droit à la sécession dans la constitution
Authors: Miller-Pelletier Alex
Published: October 2019

La question de la sécession est une question qui touche beaucoup d’États, mais en particulier les pays qui sont composés d’États fédérés ou qui connaissent une certaine forme de dévolution envers des régions spécifiques de leur territoire. Dans les Constitutions des États fédéraux, plusieurs dispositions sont prévues, notamment les compétences respectives des paliers de pouvoir ainsi que les compétences résiduaires. Les dispositions concernant le droit à la sécession sont très rarement incluses dans les Constitutions fédérales. En ce moment, seules les Constitutions des fédérations de l’Éthiopie et de Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis mentionnent explicitement un droit à la sécession (Kreptul, 2003, p. 79). Il apparaît peut-être contraire à l’idée même de la fédération que de prévoir comment se séparer alors que les membres sont en train de s’unir [...]
Le mal canadien d’André Burelle
Authors: Emond Nancy
Published: October 2019

This text consists of a synthesis and critique of the work of Andre Burelle, Le mal canadien, published in 1995. It is a political-legal analysis of the problems that brought Canada to the threshold of bursting on the day before of the referendum of 1995, and tries to show how we could modernize the Canadian federation with the social and political contract of 1867.
Treaty Federalism: Reconceptualizing Aboriginal-State Relations in Canada
Authors: Radmilovic Vuk
Published: October 2019

For over three decades now, a period during which Aboriginal peoples in Canada have more vigorously pursued the recognition of their political and social status than during previous centuries, the Canadian polity has been faced with considerable challenges in attempting to accommodate the political aspirations of the Aboriginal peoples. A wide variety of proposals for a renewed relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians have been put forward, most of which typically revolve around the concept of Aboriginal self-government [...]
Les trois raisons de l'échec du projet souverainiste québécois jusqu'à ce jour
Authors: Gauthier Félix
Published: October 2019

This article studies the failure of the souverainist movement in the Québec province in three major points. Firstly, a sociological and demographic analysis shows that sovereignty is an idea installed in a quite precise social section. Secondly, the paper exposes the problem of the radical separatists like the Bloc Québecois that harm the image and the diffusion of the idea of an independent Québec, marginalizing the moderate nationalists and preventing them to take part in the federal politic. Finally, it shows that the prevalence of the linguistic argument in the promotion of this idea proved to be a trap doubly damaging.
L’Échec relative de l’Autonomie Gouvernementale des Nations Autochtones: Un Problème Institutionnel
Authors: Richez Émmanuelle
Published: October 2019

This article looks at failed attempts at granting aboriginal communities sovereignty, from an institutional perspective. The author suggests that such failures are due to a combination of factors: the legal status of the First Nations; the federal fiscal and political system; and, the aboriginal communities’ own lack of legitimacy and independence.
La Souveraineté Terrestre Canadienne en Arctique
Authors: Mathieu Rachel
Published: October 2019

This article discusses the politics of consolidating the territorial sovereignty of Canada’s Arctic regions. The writer first touches upon international norms and conventions surrounding marine law, and then analyses Canada’s own foreign policies in the Arctic.
Slipping Through the Cracks in Canada’s Federation: A critical analysis on the situation of Non status Aboriginals
Authors: O’Quinn Ryan G.
Published: October 2019

The population of non-status aboriginals has been estimated to be between 200,000 to two million2. Both the federal and provincial governments deny responsibility of jurisdiction over them. They have been lost and forgotten through the cracks of the Canadian federation. This is the story of non-status aboriginals in Canada. This paper will explain the significance surrounding the issue of status and how it has led to a jurisdictional stalemate between the federal government and provinces. Bill C-31 will also be examined and its failure to address this issue. This paper will therefore argue that non-status aboriginals are in fact the jurisdictional responsibility of the federal government not that of the provinces and it is they who suffer the consequences [...]
Non-Constitutional Measures as an Alternative to Constitutional Amendment: Post Meech Lake and Charlottetown
Authors: Chisholm Jennifer
Published: October 2019

The period spanning from the early 1980s to 1992 has been referred to as the era of constitutional federalism in Canada. One of the most significant events in Canadian history occurred on April 17, 1982, the patriation of the Canadian Constitution. Quebec did not sign the Constitution and for the following decade the country was dominated by the “high politics” of constitutional change. The Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord respectively attempted to accommodate Quebec’s conditions for signing the document, however both failed. This paper describes the process and content of both Accords and the factors that led to their failure. It argues that Canada is better off due to the failure of these two proposed constitutional amendments. It also argues that subsequent non-constitutional measures introduced in the 1990s and 2000s have addressed many of the mega-constitutional concerns that these two accords attempted to tackle. The paper discusses some of the issues included in both Accords that have since been addressed through non-constitutional means, including: the recognition of Quebec as a distinct society; the federal government’s spending power; Aboriginal selfgovernment; a veto for Quebec on certain constitutional amendments; and Senate reform.[...]
INTENSIVE THERAPY OF SHOCK LUNG IN PATIENTS WITH MASSIVE HEMORRHAGE
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Avicenna TSMU, Akhmedov Dzhamoledin , Davlatov Dilshod ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Avicenna TSMU, Davlatov Bahriddin ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Avicenna TSMU, Rakhimov Nurmakhmad ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Avicenna TSMU
Published: October 2019

Objective: Presentation of the schemes of prophylaxis and intensive therapy of shock lung (SL), proceeding from the pathogenesis and stage of process development. Methods: The analysis of results of treatment of 42 patients with the phenomena of the shock of II-IV stages upon receipt. In 30 (71.4%) cases, the cause of the shock was massive hemorrhage caused by multiple fractures of limbs and pelvic bones, in 12 (21.6%) – massive gastrointestinal bleeding. All patients assessed: mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), acid-base balance (ABB), K+ and Na+ concentration in blood plasma, total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), urea level, shock index (SI). Results: In patients with multiple fractures, the first signs of SL in 60% of cases appeared on 3-5 days, whereas in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding – by the end of first day. Patients with multiple fractures took place: compensated metabolic acidosis, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, hypokalemia, hypernatremia, increased TPVR, decreased Hb and Ht, decreased MAP, tachycardia, SI was 2.3±0.2. Out of 30 patients with fractures, 6 (20%) were transferred to artificial lung ventilation; died 4 (13.3%). The above parameters in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding were worse than in patients with multiple fractures. Conclusion: Proceeding from the complications of the pathogenesis of SL, important correction and preventive measures are the correction of hypovolemia and hypotension, definitive hemorrhage control, adequate immobilization of fractures, improvement of microcirculation, restriction of massive blood transfusion and timely transfer of patients to artificial lung ventilation. Keywords: Shock lung, intensive therapy, massive hemorrhage, multiple fractures.