bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dulces regalos del Nuevo Mundo. Alimentos de indios en las recetas medicinales del padre Bernabé Cobo (s. XVII)
Authors: Varella Alexandre C.
Published: April 2021

Bernabé Cobo escribe diversas recetas para ingerir los productos del Nuevo Mundo, inclusive de su experiencia de vida en América durante la primera mitad del siglo XVII. El criterio de la temperancia de sabores agridulces, y particularmente el uso del azúcar, se vuelven centrales para la dieta saludable y la medicación con frutas y tubérculos en bebidas preparadas con hierbas nativas. Son recetas para corregir aspectos de la naturaleza salvaje o contraponerse a usos y costumbres de los bárbaros, señales negativas en el discurso de autoridad de los españoles. Pero ellos están sumidos en un nuevo mundo de prácticas interculturales, mientras el padre Cobo busca conexiones y encuentra concordancias con hábitos indígenas. En todo esto, las dulces recetas pueden insinuar vicios de los españoles en el Nuevo Mundo, como demuestra el historiador Cobo.
El Colesuyu meridional: espacio de articulación económica y cultural hispano-indígena en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI
Authors: Choque Mariño Carlos , Pizarro Pizarro Elías
Published: April 2021

Este artículo analiza la articulación económica y cultural hispano-indígena durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI en el área meridional del Colesuyu, ubicada en la actual región de Arica y Parinacota. El estudio intenta aportar nuevos antecedentes para la comprensión del espacio cultural del Colesuyu, así como de las relaciones económicas y políticas que se desarrollaron a lo largo de este período y su importancia para la construcción de la identidad étnica de la población indígena.
Apuntes sobre la erradicación de la polio en el Perú
Authors: Lossio Jorge , Barriga Eduardo
Published: April 2021

Este artículo examina el proceso de campaña de erradicación de la poliomielitis en el Perú (1985-1991) una iniciativa de la poliomielitis en el Perú (1985-1991) una iniciativa de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) que fue financiada por el el Rotary Internacional. Por ello, este trabajo muestra las dificultades que  tuvo la campaña por la falta de un buen aparato estatal producto de la crisis política, social y económica de la década de 1980 y la coyuntura del conflicto armado interno. A pesar de estas dificultades, el equipo encargado de la erradicación (médicos, enfermeras, rotarios y miembros de la sociedad civil) realizaron su labor tanto en el «barrido» (vacunación masiva) tanto en la zona urbana como en la rural. Además, pese a la falta de logística se pudo hacer el seguimiento epidemiológico que concluyó en 1991 cuando se encontró el último caso.
Presentación
Authors: Valle Rondón Fernando
Published: April 2021

El número doble que presentamos en esta ocasión reúne un conjunto de colaboraciones relativas al mundo del arte en el sur andino, donde lo iconográfico se conect con los enfoques de la historia cultural y social, así como de la antropología. Así, los artículos que constituyen el dossier de la presente edición —especialmente las contribuciones de los tres académicos de universidades norteameri-canas— tienen como denominador común el estudio de la iconogra-fía presente en el arte pictórico colonial, revelando la rica simbología subyacente en el arte andino y sus conexiones con multifacéticos fac-tores sociales y culturales.
Dos escenas de la Nueva Corónica y buen gobierno sobre la confesión de indígenas: iconografía sacramental temprana en el Perú virreinal
Authors: Velezmoro-Montes Víctor
Published: April 2021

El artículo centra su interés en el estudio iconográfico de dos imágenes procedentes de la Nueva Corónica y buen gobierno de Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala (+ c.1615), que reproducen la administración del sacramento de la confesión a los indígenas del Perú virreinal. Las escenas se conectan con la tradición iconográfica sacramental desarrollada en Américva hispana, especialmente con los modelos y motivos desarrollados por laprédica franciscana novohispana. Para e caso del Perú, se comparan las imágenes tanto con una referencia visual contemporánea como con referencias textuales de manuales y documentos del III Concilio Limense (1582-1583). Sin embargo, y pese a esas evidentes conexiones, el análisis rescata la singularidad de las imágenes pomianas por su innovadora técnica de representación (la imagen testimonial) así como por el mensaje que transmiten, el cual se separa de la información sobre la conversión indígena para adquirir tintes de denuncia hacia el buen gobierno religioso de las Indias.
Las pinturas murales de la iglesia de San Pablo de Cacha (Canchis, Perú)
Authors: Cohen Suárez Ananda
Published: April 2021

Recientemente descubiertos por un equipo de restauradores, las pinturas murales de la iglesia de San Pablo de Cacha en la provincia de Canchis, en el sur peruano, han recibido poca atención académica. Este artículo ofrece el primer estudio iconográfico de los ricos murales, investigándolos a la luz de amplica relevancia histórica y cultural. Las pinturas murales fueron producidos en dos fases distintas: la primera corresponde a los principios del siglo XVII y la segunda fue llevada a cabo a finales del siglo XVIII. Este estudio considera los contextos sociales radicalmente diferentes en los que se pintaron estas imágenes y los diferentes significados que podrían haber transmitido a los feligreses locales durante estos dos momentos críticos de la historia colonial andina.
El español en los Andes coloniales: textos, autores y discursos
Authors: Huamanchumo de la Cuba Ofelia
Published: April 2021

Cuando hace más de 500 años la lengua española se expandió hacia sus colonias en América, en el camino que parecía recorrer su historia se abrió de pronto un atajo hacia un fascinante desvío. En ese nuevo trecho tomado hacia las Indias, la lengua de los reyes católicos se toparía con las más diversas culturas y sus lenguas, varias de las cuales se desarrollaban en la imponente geografía de los Andes sudamericanos. Dicha verdad despertó desde su nacimiento el interés práctico de los evangelizadores, provenientes de una Europa humanista que ya había iniciado la producción de gramáticas de las lenguas romances y de otras lenguas exóticas. Por lo demás, las lenguas amerindias siguieron avivando la agudeza en la mirada de los estudiosos de los tiempos posteriores. Destacados lingüistas, filólogos e historiadores de la lengua y la literatura desde distintas universidades en el mundo, han echado también una mirada a esa parte de la historia del español. A ellos se han sumado además especialistas de otras disciplinas, americanistas y peruanistas, quienes con sus investigaciones han ido demostrando la relevancia del trabajo interdisciplinario.
Analisis Metode Pembelajaran yang Dapat Digunakan Pada Pembelajaran PAI
Authors: Subhan  , Novianti Ulfah
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian: Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pentingnya penggunaan metode dalam pembelajaran, selain itu juga untuk mendeskripsikan metode-metode yang dapat digunakan dalm pembelajaran PAI, karen apembelajaran PAI merupakan pendidikan yang sangat penting untuk ditanamkan kuat dari dir peserta didik. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif tipe kajian kepustakaan, yang artinya menggunakan berbagai sumber ilmiah untuk mendeskripsikan berkaitan dengan analisis metode pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan pada pembelajaran PAI. Analisis yang digunakan analisi isi atau konten. Temuan utama: Setelah melakukan analisis berbagai sumber, seperti jurnal ilmiah dan artikle maka ada beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran PAI, seperti PBL, Numbered head together, pembelajaran multikultural, tutor sebaya, market place, dan lain sebaainya. Keterbaruan penelitian: Keterbaruan dari penelitian ini yaitu dapat menggunakan atau menerapkan metode yang layak digunakan untuk pembelajarn PAI.
KETERAMPILAN KERJA TUKANG BANGUNAN PADA PELAKSANAAN PROYEK KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Mufida Muslimatul , Syafrudie Haris Anwar , Suhartadi Syarif
Published: April 2021

Pelayanan jasa konstruksi di Indonesia saat ini masih belum mencapai mutu konstruksi yang baik. Hal ini disebabkan sumber daya manusia (SDM) dan standarisasi indonesia masih belum mampu bersaing dengan ASEAN. Kompetensi tukang secara realitas ini dapat ditunjukan dengan kinerja mereka di lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif-kuantitatif. Data penelitian ini didapatkan dari pengisian lembar observasi keterampilan kerja tukang yang dibantu oleh mandor maupun pengawas langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum keterampilan kerja tukang bangunan pada pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi yaitu baik dengan nilai rata-rata keterampilan tukang pada pekerjaan pondasi 91,31, pekerjaan pemasangan bata 92,62, pekerjaan atap 91,59, pekerjaan plesteran 92,82, dan pekerjaan penutup lantai 92,90.
PENGENALAN DASAR BENTUK GELOMBANG UPS UNTUK ALAT MEDIS DI RSUD MARDI WALUYO BLITAR
Authors: Hartono Elvianto Dwi , Kridoyono Agung , Armin Aidil Primasetya
Published: April 2021

Bentuk gelombang menunjukkan kualitas suatu sistem supply daya, sebagaimana juga pada Power Supply merupakan suatu modul daya perangkat yang berguna operasinya  sebagai backup power atau daya sebagai cadangan listrik bila sumber energi listrik regular utama dari PLN kondisinya off atau mati dimana sudah biasa kondisi tersebut di instansi daerah atau pedesaan. Sangat penting mengetahui bentuk gelombang yang dihasilkan oleh UPS sebelum memilihnya, karena akan mempengaruhi kinerja dari beban yang dihubungkan dengan UPS. UPS memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda tiap tipenya, ini dikarenakan UPS tiap tipenya memiliki fungsi kerja kebutuhan yang disesuaikan pada perangkat elektronik yang di_supply dayanya. Tipe ups seperti line-interactive, online, offline memiliki karakteristik kerja yang berbeda-beda seperti pada mitra pengabdian kita yaitu pada rumah sakit mardi waluyo Blitar ini kebutuhan UPS diperuntukkan pada alat medis dimana alat medis ini membutuhkan presisi dan akurasi yang tinggi untuk pengukuran obyeknya. Agar mendalami merosotnya penyebab kepresisian dan akurasi pada alat medis maka kita melakukan pengabdian dengan pembuktian gelombang perangkat UPS tiap tipenya agar teknisi rumah sakit dalam memilih tipe UPS tidak salah penempatannya untuk obyek yang bagaimana dan seperti apa operasinya. Artikel tentang Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan memberi materi bentuk gelombang serta bagaimana merangkai agar gelombang didapat melalui alat ukur oscilloscope.
On the Issue of Protecting the Rights of Parties to a Financial Lease Agreement Violated in the Context of the Pandemic
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Chernichkina G. N. , Adamenko A. P. ,   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow)
Published: April 2021

In the article, the authors analyze the norms of civil legislation that allow for the protection of the rights of the parties to the financial lease agreement, violated in the conditions of business restrictions (pandemics). The authors note that parties to financial leases of movable property are more vulnerable than parties to financial leases of real estate. The authors, taking into account the explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the application of civil law provisions in the context of the pandemic, make recommendations to small and medium-sized businesses-parties to the financial lease of movable property to protect their rights. It is proposed to introduce the concept of a moratorium on the performance of obligations in the context of a pandemic into civil law.
Legal Forms of Further Professional Education for Judges: Concept, Types, Content
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Pukhnarevich S. I.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the legal forms of training for judges in the Russian Federation under programmes of further professional education. Based on the features of further professional education, the author provides a definition of the legal form in which educational activities are carried out, substantiates the types of legal forms and discloses their content in relation to the subject of the study. The article substantiates the author's conclusion that retraining and further training of judges are legal forms within which the educational activities of the Russian State University of Justice are carried out being organically related to the implementation of relevant functions of the state and aimed at achieving and legitimizing socially and legally significant results.
Criminal Liability of Athletes for Damage Caused as a Result of Violation of the Rules of Sports Events
Authors:   North-West Branch of Russian State University of Justice (Saint-Petersburg), Bezborodov D. A. , Kravchenko R. M. ,   Saint-Petersburg Law Institute (Branch) of University of the Office of the Prosecutor of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

The article deals with issues related to the characteristics of the qualification of causing injury or death to an athlete during sports events. The article analyzes the possibility of applying the provisions of certain circumstances that exclude the criminality of the act. Take into account that the relationship between the participants of sports competitions and sports training, while relationships at the same time are not regulated by the law and sports regulations sports, and the internal rules of sports organizations, defining the organization of the training process. Therefore, the issues related to the influence of special rules regulating the procedure for conducting sports competitions and other sporting events on the features of criminal liability (in particular, guilt), both athletes and other persons who ensure the conduct of sports events, are studied specifically. It is taken into account that modern legislation and law enforcement often ignores this requirement, which, in particular, is expressed in the failure to include the facts of sports injuries in the list of crimes in the field of sports. First of all, the article analyzes the issues of criminal-legal assessment of an athlete's act in the event of injury to health or death to another athlete, given that in sports, harm is usually caused unintentionally, by negligence. Therefore, the work analyzes the risks, harm to health, as well as measures that should have been taken by the organizers of the competition to avoid causing harm, taking into account that all these issues are evaluative. The characteristic of harming an athlete while observing the rules of events by his opponent is given. The question of how the rules relating to a particular sport can exempt a person from liability for causing harm is being investigated.
View on the Restoration of Procedural Terms from the Perspective of the Theory of Legal Interests
Authors:   Ural Branch of Russian State University of Justice (Chelyabinsk), Burmistrova S. A.
Published: April 2021

The General nature of legal regulation inherent in law is inextricably linked to the problem of implementing the discretionary powers of the law enforcement officer, including the court, which in modern Russian legal doctrine is proposed to be solved from the position of two approaches: judicial discretion and individual regulation, both of which are characterized by the unwillingness to offer a mechanism for developing the only. The use of certain provisions of the theory of legal interests can contribute to the solution of this problem. Disclosure abstract methods to achieve balance of interests of participants of the procedure relations the article contributes to the study of the mechanism for enforcement decisions in the process of implementing the court's discretion in the field of restoration of procedural deadlines. The research was carried out on the basis of using the method of system analysis, logical methods, special legal method of cognition of the phenomena of legal validity based on certain provisions of the theory of legal interests in the civil process (types of legal interests according to the mechanism of implementation; methods for determining the balance of interests; law enforcement basis for resolving conflicts of legal interests). It is proved that in the process of implementing the discretionary power, the only correct law enforcement decision should be developed. This decision expresses the balance of interests of participants in procedural relations, achieved on the basis of principles of law in combination with moral and ethical categories. The effectiveness of the described approach is illustrated by examples from law enforcement practice.
Some Legal Issues of the Execution of the Writ
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Yaroshenko L. V.
Published: April 2021

In this article the author is studied issues of the execution of the writ in the civil cases. The author considers the problems of reversal of the writ on which the debt is absent. Additionally, in this article the author explores the problems of bad faith of plaintiffs, who brings to execution of the annulled writ.
Current State of Legislation, Law Enforcement and Judicial Practice in the Sphere of Conclusion, Modification and Termination of Lease Agreements for Land Plots, Concluded for Construction Purposes
Authors:   Department of City Property of Moscow (Moscow), Cheremukhin V. V.
Published: April 2021

Construction, as a sphere of the national economy, has impressive statistical indicators, determining the importance and relevance of its proper legal regulation, especially in terms of land use for relevant purposes. This article discusses the current situation in the sphere of provision of land plots for construction purposes, further alteration and termination of the relevant lease relations; provides a detailed analysis of the current legislation, law enforcement and judicial practice in such sphere. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize legislation judicial and law enforcement practice in this area, as well as the development of specific directions for a comprehensive dissertation research, proposals for improving the legislation regulating these relations. This goal is achieved by solving tasks such as studying of the existing legal regulation of disputed legal relations, law enforcement and judicial practice, identification of problematic and conflict-of-laws issues in the field under consideration, review of the degree of scientific development of the research topic, determination of trends in the development of this sphere of legal relations, development of specific proposals for changing legislation and law enforcement practice. General scientific (synthesis, system analysis, analogy) and special (formal-legal, comparative-legal) methods are used to solve the above problems. Based on the results of consideration of these issues, the author formulates the main problems of the legal relations under consideration, an assessment of the current degree of scientific development of this field is given, the main directions of the planned scientific research are also outlined, proposals are formulated to improve legislation and law enforcement practice.
About the Purpose of Administrative Punishment and the Method of its Practical Implementation
Authors:   Far Eastern Branch of the Russian State University of Justice (Khabarovsk), Deryuga A. N. , Shaklein S. N. ,   Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Khabarovsk)
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the study of the effectiveness of administrative punishment is associated with an increase in administrative tort and their relapse. Formulation of the problem. To provide a combination of a commensurate and appropriate administrative punishment, to find approaches in the ways of making an appropriate decision and its application, focused on achieving social and legal changes in the personality of the administrative delinquent. The goals and objectives of the study. Improving the effectiveness of the designation, application and execution of administrative punishments by selecting a specific type and amount of administrative punishment that is consistent with the purpose of the punishment. The development of visual-verbal contact between the law enforcer and the offender in the process of imposing an administrative penalty in response to the simplified procedure expanding in the legislation, which minimizes or eliminates the live contact of the law enforcer and the offender. The methodological basis was the universal dialectic-legal, social, psychological and pedagogical methods, involving the study of phenomena and processes in their development and interdependence. Result, brief conclusions. The purpose of administrative punishment, according to the authors, is not only the general and private prevention of administrative offenses, but also the formation of administrative habits of persistent habit of lawful behavior. A comprehensive study of the effectiveness of administrative punishment at the junction of administrativetort law, sociology and psychology will allow us to develop an effective educational impact on administrative delinquents, which will help achieve the goal of administrative punishment. The authors assigns a primary role in punishment to the upbringing of administrative delinquent, its correction and re-education.
Practice of Out-of-court and Judicial Resolution of Cases of Administrative Offenses Arising in the Course of Control and Supervisory Activities of Public Administration
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Mustafina-Bredikhina D. M.
Published: April 2021

The review examines the procedure of courts ' actions when considering administrative cases that arise in the course of challenging administrative responsibility in the field of health protection and sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population; analyzes the practice of courts in various regions of the Russian Federation. The paper examines various types of judicial proceedings in this category of cases, examines the competence of both courts of General jurisdiction and arbitration courts, and focuses on administrative cases that arise in the course of challenging decisions on bringing to administrative responsibility taken by judicial bodies and state control and supervision bodies in the field of public health protection and sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.
Expert's Subscription and the Procedure for its Registration when Assigning a Forensic Examination
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Ustinov V. V. , Chetverkin P. A. ,   Kikot' Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Moscow)
Published: April 2021

Currently, due to the principle of adversarial proceedings, almost every expert's opinion is accompanied by its review by a specialist engaged by one or another party to the process. One of the shortcomings reflected in the reviews is a violation of the procedure for subscribing to the expert's warning of criminal liability for giving a deliberately false conclusion under article 307 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Failure to comply with this very important procedure may result in the recognition of the expert's opinion as inadmissible evidence. In our opinion, the analysis of judicial practice and procedural rules governing this procedure, as well as the proposed recommendations, will help law enforcement entities in assessing the expert's opinion and its admissibility as evidence in the case.
Some Issues of Administrative Responsibility for Violation of Disabled Rights in Russia
Authors:   North-Caucasian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice (Krasnodar), Taran O. A.
Published: April 2021

The definition of «social protection of persons with disabilities» is contained in the Federal Law «On Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation», which means a system of economic and legal measures, as well as social support measures that are guaranteed by the state, and are aimed at providing people with disabilities with conditions to overcome and replace restrictions life, and also aimed at creating equal conditions with other citizens and opportunities for participation in society. Since ratification, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Russian Federation has undertaken to take appropriate measures to ensure that persons with disabilities have access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transport, as well as to other facilities and services open or provided to the public, as appropriate normative legal acts. At the same time, in the Russian Federation there is no normative legal act containing a clear mechanism for implementing measures aimed at adapting social infrastructure facilities to ensure unhindered access for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility, which allows officials to evade the implementation of measures creation. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the legal regulation of the basic rights of persons with disabilities and administrative responsibility for their violation. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set. Firstly, to analyze the judicial practice for dealing with complaints regarding the implementation of the rights of persons with disabilities. Secondly, to establish typical shortcomings in the consideration of these complaints and determine the causes of their occurrence. The study was carried out using the methods of materialistic dialectics, statistical, comparative, as well as formal legal. The study revealed the shortcomings of legal regulation in the field of protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, as well as formulate recommendations for addressing these shortcomings.
On the Application of the Rules on the Limitation Period in Cases of Labor Disputes
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Kulakov V. V.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problems associated with the differentiation of the limitation period and the time limit for applying to the court. The conclusion is made that it is impossible to attribute the limitation period to the preclusive period. The possibility of applying the limitation period to legal relations of different industry affiliation is analyzed. Based on the analysis of inter-industry relations of private law branches of law, the conclusion is made that it is impossible to use inter-industry analogy in the application of civil law norms on the limitation period to labor relations.
Issues of Applying of Article 2741 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation «Unlawful Influence on Critical Information Infrastructure of the Russian Federation»
Authors:   University of Macau (Macau SAR, China), Kuchina Ya. О.
Published: April 2021

A new article was introduced into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 2017, which establishes criminal liability for unlawful impact on the critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation. However, there is still no developed legal practice of applying this article, despite repeated statements of experts about the significant prevalence of crimes that encroach on the security of critical information infrastructure. The author of the article discovered one criminal case instituted on the grounds of a crime prohibited by Art. 2741 of the Criminal Code. The proposed article contains an analysis of the legal issues of this article, including the consideration of the specifics of qualification under Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3 of Art. 2741 of the Criminal Code. The concept of critical information infrastructure as an object of crime is considered, suggestions are made about the features of qualification of acts that will minimize law enforcement errors.
Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Entrepreneurs in Cases of Crimes in the Sphere of Economic Activity
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Zaytsev O. А.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the problematic issues of applying measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs in cases of crimes in the field of economic activity. The material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the course of proceedings in this category of cases are examined. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, reflected in the decisions of the Plenum of November 15, 2016 № 48 and October 3, 2017 № 33. The purpose of this study is to identify the most acceptable areas of activity of judicial and law enforcement agencies to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs involved in criminal proceedings. The objectives of the study are: a) to determine the specifics of criminal and criminal procedure legislation containing humane mechanisms for the category of cases under consideration; b) to highlight the positions of scientists who conduct research in this field of activity; с) substantiation of recommendations for the further development of criminal policy in the direction of liberalizing the current structure of crimes in conjunction with the improvement of criminal procedural forms of criminal proceedings. The methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method of cognition, General scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as special legal methods. Promising ways of development of criminal policy in the field of formation of legislation that allows the most effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs are proposed. The conclusion is made about the need for further scientific study of the system of material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the proceedings on crimes committed in the sphere of business and other economic activities.
Initiation of Criminal Proceedings and Validity of Criminal Prosecution
Authors:   the Supreme Court of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan), Kaminskiy E. S.
Published: April 2021

The author comes to the conclusion that the construction of a criminal justice system based on expediency is necessary in modern conditions of humanization of legislation, economy of repression and optimization of criminal proceedings. Expediency as a condition for making procedural decisions should also be applied at the stage of checking the report of a crime when deciding whether to initiate criminal proceedings. It is necessary to grant such powers to the Prosecutor, returning to him, among other things, other powers to direct the preliminary investigation. A reasonable balance between public and private interests, as determined by the Prosecutor in each particular case, should be the basis for determining the criteria for the appropriateness of criminal prosecution. The Prosecutor's assessment activity in this situation should be based on his inner conviction and conscience and consist in determining the degree to which the interests of society and participants in the criminal law conflict correspond to possible criminal prosecution and its consequences, on the one hand, and the use of alternative measures to respond to the crime committed, on the other. To do this, the Prosecutor must be provided with flexible procedural tools. Refusal to initiate criminal proceedings and use alternative measures is necessary in cases where the burden of investigating the crime is not comparable with the result obtained, the person has ceased to be a public danger and has made amends for the damage caused. The grounds for refusing to initiate criminal proceedings and applying alternative measures may be reconciliation of participants in a criminal law conflict, active remorse, making amends for the harm caused by the crime, or changing the situation. Refusal to initiate criminal proceedings and the use of alternative measures should not significantly affect the legal interests of participants in the criminal conflict.
Аppeal Against the Submission on Elimination of Causes and Conditions that Contributed to the Commission Administrative Offence
Authors:   the Nevel City Court of Sakhalin Region (Nevelsk), Pleshevenya O. V.
Published: April 2021

. The article is devoted to the study of gaps in legislation when appealing against the idea of eliminating the causes and conditions that contributed to the Commission of an administrative offense. The author draws attention to the contradictory jurisprudence in resolving this issue, which violates the constitutional rights to protect the relevant actors, in particular, business entities, and does not promote the unity of the judicial system. The emphasis is on the established judicial practice in a separate appeal of the submission, without filing a complaint against the ruling in the case of administrative offense – in the order of the head of 22 Russian Federation Code of Administrative Procedure. In conclusion, conclusions have been drawn about the need to introduce rules on appeal of the submission out of court to the Code on Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation (or the Procedural Code on Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, if adopted). Regarding the judicial procedure of appeal, it is proposed to include the relevant rules in theRussian Federation Code of Administrative Procedure.
Some Features of Termination of Rowers of the Chairman of the Court of General Jurisdiction
Authors:   North-West Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Zholobov Ya.B.
Published: April 2021

The derivative nature of the legal status of the president of the court from the status of a judge in general requires the establishment of certain correspondences in the mechanisms for its acquisition and termination. At the same time, the existence of disciplinary and other liability of court presidents for non-performance of their duties leads to an arbitrary interpretation and application of existing legal norms established at the level of legislative and subordinate acts. The article supports the idea of appointing presidents of courts from among persons with judicial status. The options for terminating the powers of the chairman of the court are considered: automatic suspension or termination in the event of suspension or termination of their powers as judges of the respective courts; reaching the age limit for office; voluntary resignation while retaining the powers of a judge; early termination of powers of the chairman of the court with the preservation of the position of judge in connection with the failure to perform or improper performance of his official duties.
FOURTH DIMENSION SUBGROUP FOR SOME 2-GROUPS
Authors: Gupta S. , Kaur J.
Published: April 2021

The objective of this paper to discuss conditions on a finite $2$-group $G$ of class 3 for which fourth dimension subgroup is trivial.
ROLE OF DERMATOSCOPY IN CHRONIC DERMATOSES DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Chekhovska G. S.
Published: April 2021

Dermatoscopy is a valuable auxiliary non−invasive method used in the diagnosis of inflammatory, parasitic and viral skin diseases. Treatment of dermatoses is based on the results of analysis of melanin, follicular−horny and vascular components. Diagnosis begins with polarized dermatoscopy and then progresses to non−polarized using immersion fluid. At dermatoscopic inspection of a psoriatic plaque the point vessels evenly distributed along all the surface (a symptom of "scattered red pepper") are noted. Eczema is characterized by focal accumulation of blood vessels in the form of dots, peeling, yellowish crusts. Examination of discoid lupus erythematosus foci often reveals individual linear or branched vessels, their location is random. Red herpes zoster is dermatoscopically characterized by vascular structures in the form of large granular horny plugs of whitish color with a pearly sheen. The most informative is dermatoscopy in the differential diagnosis of erythematous form of rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis. On the erythematous background, dilated vessels around the sebaceous hair follicles, large vascular polygons formed from vessels thicker than in healthy skin and seborrheic dermatitis are found. At inspection of the fresh centers of a sclero−atrophic lichen diffuse unstructured zones of white color with a peripheral erythematous corolla and with numerous light comedic structures on a surface are visualized. At dermatoscopy of the Little − Lassueur syndrome in follicular papules on skin gray, violet points located in the form of a circle are noted. Dermatoscopy is increasingly used in dermatology, especially in the differential diagnosis of dermatoses of inflammatory and parasitic nature.
"CLARITHROMYCIN-MB" CLINICAL EFFICACY IN COMBINED THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Volobuieva O. V. , Shepylieva N. V. , Pavlov V. V. , Sevastianova T. V. , Shevchenko O. O. , Volobuiev D. O.
Published: April 2021

The problem of rational antibiotic therapy of pneumonia is one of the most relevant in modern medicine. So far, a large number of the factors have been identified that determine the optimal quality of antimicrobial therapy: the maximum effectiveness with the lowest toxicity of drugs should be combined with their proper cost. In order to study the clinical efficacy and therapeutic tolerability of the drug class of macrolides, clarithromycin for parenteral use in the treatment of patients with community−acquired pneumonia, 20 patients were examined. All the patients had clinical symptoms of severe infectious lesions of the lower respiratory tract. The complex therapy (detoxification, mucolytic drugs, multivitamins, metabolites) included "Clarithromycin−MB", which was administered intravenously for 60 minutes at a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day for 7−10 days. The clinical effectiveness of antibacterial therapy was assessed by the dynamics of the activity of the inflammatory process in the lungs. For this purpose, the following clinical and laboratory parameters characterizing the activity of the inflammatory process (temperature response, tachycardia, respiratory rate, leukocytosis, number of immature granulocytes, change in erythrocyte sedimentation rate), severity of pain, radiological changes in the lungs were determined. Macrolide "Clarithromycin−MB" in a parenteral form is a highly effective antibacterial drug for the treatment of community−acquired pneumonia with severe course. Positive dynamics of clinical manifestations of the disease was observed on the third day from the beginning of therapy. "Clarithromycin−MB" has good therapeutic tolerability, the dosage regimen allows to maintain the required concentration in the site of inflammation, which affects the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of treatment of the patients with community−acquired pneumonia.

Key words: community−acquired pneumonia, macrolides, "Clarithromycin−MB".
ANALYSIS OF SHORTCOMINGS IN MEDICAL CARE PROVIDING TO SERVICEMEN IN THE NATIONAL MILITARY MEDICAL CLINICAL CENTER "MAIN MILITARY CLINICAL HOSPITAL"
Authors: Hrechanyk O. I. , Abdullaiev R. Ya.
Published: April 2021

Assessing the quality of medical care, identifying defects in its provision, studying the shortcomings of medical activities are extremely important not only for forensic expertise or law enforcement practice, but also for all clinical medicine. For the purpose of clinical and anatomical analysis as well as the creation of classification of medical errors which most often occur in the conditions of military medical and preventive institution, revealing of their reasons in National military medical clinical center "Main military clinical hospital" (Kyiv) research was carried out in the period 2016− In 2018, the defects in the provision of medical care were analyzed using medical records, protocols of pathological examinations, acts of meetings of the commission for the study of lethal consequences, as well as reviews of medical records. It was established that erroneous actions of the medical doctors occurred during diagnosis, treatment, medical records, as well as in the organizational support of medical activities. In 2016, 32 defects were identified, in 2017 this number was 29, and in 2018 that was 37. Inadequate medical care was usually provided in insufficient quantities and late. The largest number of servicemen by category fell on the officer corps, the smallest one did on army conscripts. It has been proven that defects in class XI (digestive diseases), in class X (respiratory diseases), and also in class VI (diseases of the nervous system) occurred much more often. The main shortcomings in the organization of medical care for servicemen were unrecognized underlying diseases and errors in maintaining medical records. The causes of recognized defects are objective difficulties of diagnosis, shortcomings in the organization of the treatment process and the atypical course of the disease. The identified shortcomings in the provision of medical care to servicemen and their internal/external reasons should be taken into account when organizing a more effective treatment process in medical institutions of our country.

Key words: National Military Medical Clinical Center "Main Military Clinical Hospital", shortcomings in medical care provision, servicemen.
CLINIC AND COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS DISEASE WITH PATHOGENESIS ELEMENTS
Authors: Аndrusovich I. V.
Published: April 2021

The longer the COVID−19 coronavirus pandemic lasts, the more information about its clinical manifestations is accumulated. The incubation period of COVID−19 ranges from 2 to 14 days, rarely up to 3 weeks, but in a significant number of cases an infection is not accompanied with the appearance of clinical symptoms. Currently, the following variants of the clinical course of COVID−19 can be identified as follows: viral load; subclinical; slight; uncomplicated with damage to only the upper respiratory tract; mild pneumonia, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, etc. The clinical course of COVID−19 depends on the severity, the criteria of which are the intoxication manifestation, the degree of fever and the dominant syndrome. Mild / moderate forms are manifested by frequent increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C, respiratory symptoms, headache, myalgias, palpitations and general malaise. Patients stop distinguishing smells and feel the taste of food. Approximately from the 7th to the 9th days of the disease there are problems with breathing, which indicates the impairment of the lower respiratory tract and the beginning of the second phase of the disease, and its course is regarded as severe. Severe forms of the disease can also be manifested by impaired coordination of movements, slurred speech. In 1 to 4 % of patients there is developed the psychosis in the form of hallucinations. In the elderly, COVID−19 may be accompanied by delirium, lowering blood pressure. The risks of adverse disease are associated with somatic diseases: cardiovascular and nervous systems, respiratory tract, hormonal disorders, etc. Otitis, sinusitis, sepsis, bronchopulmonary infection, thrombosis, myocarditis etc. can be the complications of COVID−19. Computer tomography is an instrumental test that demonstrates the damage of lungs with coronavirus and allows to assess its severity.

Key words: coronavirus infection, COVID−19, clinical variants, severity, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EXPRESSION RATE OF MIRNA-29A IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS
Authors: Shevchenko-Makarenko O. P.
Published: April 2021

Chronic viral hepatitis C is an urgent problem of hepatology. During the rapid development of epigenetics, small molecules, namely microRNA and microRNA−29a are actively studied in liver pathology. For this purpose, the level of miRNA−29a expression was studied in 74 patients having chronic viral hepatitis C with the first HCV genotype. Aberrant hyperexpression of miRNA−29a in the patients, the ability to differentiate the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C with sensitivity and specificity of the model of ROC analysis Se = 67.57 % and Sp = 90.91 %, DE = 79.24 % compared with healthy individuals. The expression of miRNA−29a was studied in the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, who had a poor experience with antiviral therapy with interferon−containing protocols. The expression level of miRNA−29a was determined according to the manufacturer's protocol using the TaqMan® microRNA reverse transcription kit (Applied Biosystems, USA).The mean level of miRNA−29a expression in the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C (Me) and in groups of patients was assessed depending on previous experience of antiviral therapy. Aberrant hyperexpression of miRNA−29a was detected in the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. In naive patients the level of miRNA−29a expression was 1.65 (1.27; 2.28) conventional units and in the patients with failed antiviral therapy according to regimens containing interferon was 1.64 (0.79; 2.20) conventional units compared with the control group (p = 0.002, H), which may reflect the potential mechanism of persistence of HCV infection. Thus, the expression level of miRNA−29a can be an additional biomarker in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis C, which can be used in the monitoring and treatment of patients, become the basis for prescribing the patients more effective protocols of targeted antiviral drugs and allow personification of treatment tactics.

Key words: chronic viral hepatitis C, previous experience of antiviral therapy, miRNA−29a, aberrant hyperexpression.
ETIOPATHOGENETIC ASPECTS, CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AS WELL AS COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO TREATMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Authors: Dolenko O. V.
Published: April 2021

The development of metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age is one of the most common causes of anovulatory infertility, miscarriage in early pregnancy. In this pathology treatment in women there is used a comprehensive approach, which aims to restore specific functions, i.e. menstrual, secretory and reproductive ones. Important points are the detection of metabolic disorders in the patients before the formation of polycystic ovaries, normalization of body weight. In order to study the clinical effectiveness of the herbal drug "Glucemedin" in the combined treatment of metabolic syndrome in 40 women of reproductive age, a clinical and laboratory investigation was performed, also transvaginal ultrasound and body mass index were determined. In the first group of patients as the main treatment the metformin was prescribed hydrochloride as monotherapy in a dosage of 500 mg 2 times a day, in the second there was added phytodrug "Glucemedin" in a dosage of 1 capsule 3 times a day. The combined treatment showed a more pronounced dynamics of reduction of total and free cholesterol, low−density lipoprotein, triglycerides, atherogenic factor, decreased body mass index compared with the patients receiving metformin monotherapy. Based on analysis of the results of clinical and laboratory studies a high clinical efficiency of the herbal phytodrug "Glucemedin", which is stipulated with the pronounced effect on lipid spectrum of blood. The presence of natural components being a part of the phytodrug "Glucemedin", their high bioavailability, safety of the drug, no side effects and contraindications indicate its pronounced clinical effectiveness and feasibility of inclusion into the treatment of metabolic syndrome in women of childbearing age.

Key words: metabolic syndrome, lipid profile, body mass index, transvaginal ultrasound, Glucemedin, clinical efficiency, combined treatment, women of reproductive age.