bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurexan Prescription Is Associated with Lower Risk of Sleep Disorder Recurrence and Depression Prevalence as Compared to Z-Drugs and Benzodiazepines: A Retrospective Database Analysis in Germany
Authors: Hajak Göran , Vetter Céline , Wehling Martin
Published: July 2024

Real-world evidence on the association between natural medicinal products and the recurrence of sleep disorders is currently limited, particularly when compared to the evidence reported for prescription hypnotics. In a retrospective cohort analysis, we investigated patients with sleep disorders prescribed either the natural medicinal product Neurexan (Nx4), benzodiazepines, or nonbenzodiazepines (Z-drugs) using the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database, which encompasses electronic medical records nationwide in Germany. A 1:1 matching procedure based on age, sex, prevalent depression, anxiety or adjustment disorder, and the number of medical consultations in the past 12 months resulted in four cohorts: patients prescribed Nx4 were matched with those prescribed Z-drugs (two cohorts with 8594 matched patients each), and another cohort of patients prescribed Nx4 were matched with those prescribed benzodiazepines (7779 matched pairs). Results from multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models demonstrated that Nx4 was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrent sleep disorder diagnosis within 30–365 days after prescription compared to both Z-drugs (HR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.60–0.70, p < 0.001) and benzodiazepines (HR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.79–0.93, p < 0.001). Additionally, Nx4 was associated with a lower prevalence of depression compared to Z-drugs (HR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.83–0.98, p = 0.020) and benzodiazepines (HR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.82–0.97, p = 0.009). These findings suggest an association between Nx4 and improved sleep and mental health outcomes. However, due to inherent limitations in the study design, the causality of this relationship cannot be stated.
Benefits Perceived by Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease on Physical and Emotional Health in an Interdisciplinary Program: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Urbano-Mairena Javier , De Los Ríos-Calonge Javier , Postigo-Mota Salvador , Carvajal-Gil Julián , Silveira-Saraiva Elisa Sofía , Guerra-Bustamante Joan , Muñoz-Bermejo Laura
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, severely affecting the families and caregivers who live with those affected. The aim was to explore the physical, psychological, and behavioral benefits for caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with informal Alzheimer’s caregivers upon completion of the program. Following a discussion on the topics, categories, and codes among the researchers, a consensus was reached to obtain the final themes and categories. Three main categories were obtained: (1) perceived benefits by the participants; (2) applicability of the knowledge; and (3) proposals for improvement. Participants expressed having perceived improvements in their ability to manage emotions and cope with the situation created by the disease, physical capacity, and in their relationships. In this sense, the application of the contents addressed during the intervention became a fundamental tool for the participants’ daily lives. This study showed how an interdisciplinary intervention with psychological sessions, health education, and physical activities could be beneficial for improving both the physical and mental health of caregivers.
Effects of a Mat Pilates Exercise Program Associated with Photobiomodulation Therapy in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial
Authors: Merlo Jeanne Karlette , da Silva Adriano Valmozino , Casonatto Juliano , Ribeiro Alex Silva , de Oliveira Junior Eros , do Nascimento Ana Paula , de Oliveira Raphael Gonçalves , Buzzachera Cosme Franklim , da Silva Rubens Alexandre , Aguiar Andreo Fernando
Published: July 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of combining a Pilates program with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP). Methods: Thirty-eight adults with CNLBP were randomly assigned to two groups: Pilates exercise + active PBMT (PIL + PBMT) or Pilates exercise + sham PBMT (PIL + SHAM). Both groups performed an 8-week mat Pilates program and received PBMT on their lumbar muscles 10 min before and after each session. The following variables were assessed before and after intervention: peak pain intensity, postural balance (i.e., center of the pressure [A-COP], velocity anteroposterior [Vel AP], and velocity mediolateral [Vel ML]), perceived disability (i.e., Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire [RMDQ]), and pain-related fear of movement (i.e., Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia [TSK], Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire [FABQ], and Pain Catastrophizing Scale [PCS]). Results: Postural balance variables showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) across time or between groups. The groups showed similar (p < 0.05) reductions in peak pain intensity, ODI, RMDQ, and PCS scores, but no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in TSK and FABQ scores. Conclusion: The mat Pilates program reduced peak pain intensity, perceived disability, and pain catastrophizing in adults with CNLBP, but PBMT had no additional effect on these variables. Mat Pilates alone or combined with PBMT was not able to improve postural balance.
Virtually Reconstructing Bernhard Heine’s Osteotome
Authors: LaRocco John , Zachariah Eric
Published: July 2024

The osteotome was a hand-cranked medical chainsaw designed in 1830 by the German surgeon Bernhard Heine. Before Heine, surgeons used crude, manual tools, such as hammers, chisels, and handsaws. The osteotome was among the first mechanical tools used in orthopedic surgery, and it preceded the later use of the motorized chainsaw for woodcutting. Due to the small number of units manufactured, questions remain about the osteotome’s usage. To facilitate conservation and assist with investigation, Heine’s osteotome was digitally reconstructed. As with other digital reconstruction attempts in cultural heritage, assumptions were made to facilitate reproduction. To highlight the functional similarities and contrasts between early and contemporary tools, its parts were compared with contemporary chainsaws and surgical tools. Contemporary orthopedic surgeons have largely shifted away from medical chainsaws, such as the osteotome, in favor of reciprocating saws. Due to its small size and medical purpose, the osteotome was designed for greater precision than a modern industrial chainsaw. Based on the reproduction and comparative analysis, the device was likely used in a manner more similar to modern medical reciprocating saws than to its direct descendant, the industrial chainsaw. The Heine osteotome mechanized surgery and its descendants are still used in medicine and the industry. The osteotome model enabled an analysis of its function and use.
Adaptive and Maladaptive DNA Breaks in Neuronal Physiology and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Roberts Anysja , Swerdlow Russell H. , Wang Ning
Published: July 2024

DNA strand breaks excessively accumulate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While traditionally considered random, deleterious events, neuron activity itself induces DNA breaks, and these “adaptive” breaks help mediate synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Recent studies mapping the brain DNA break landscape reveal that despite a net increase in DNA breaks in ectopic genomic hotspots, adaptive DNA breaks around synaptic genes are lost in AD brains, and this is associated with transcriptomic dysregulation. Additionally, relationships exist between mitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark of AD, and DNA damage, such that mitochondrial dysfunction may perturb adaptive DNA break formation, while DNA breaks may conversely impair mitochondrial function. A failure of DNA break physiology could, therefore, potentially contribute to AD pathogenesis.
Phycoremediation of Potato Industry Wastewater for Nutrient Recovery, Pollution Reduction, and Biofertilizer Production for Greenhouse Cultivation of Lettuce and Celery in Sandy Soils
Authors: Mostafa Soha S. M. , El-Hassanin Adel S. , Soliman Amira S. , El-Chaghaby Ghadir A. , Rashad Sayed , Elgaml Naayem M. M. , Awad Adel A.
Published: July 2024

Microalgae-based wastewater treatment offers an eco-friendly opportunity for simultaneous nutrient recovery and biomass generation, aligning with the circular bioeconomy concept. This approach aims to utilize the nutrients of potato industry wastewater (PIW) for algal growth while mitigating the environmental impact of this industrial byproduct. This study focused on cultivating three cyanobacterial strains, Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc muscorum, and Spirulina platensis, in PIW and synthetic media for 30 days to assess feasibility. Growth performance was monitored by measuring chlorophyll content, dry weight (DW), optical density (OD), and pH at 3-day intervals. The high-performing cyanobacterial biomass from the laboratory findings was formulated into a biofertilizer, which was then evaluated in a controlled greenhouse experiment on celery and lettuce plants. The biofertilizer replaced conventional NPK mineral fertilizers at different levels (25%, 50%, and 75%), while a control group received 100% chemical fertilizer. The results showed favourable growth of all three cyanobacteria strains and their mixture in PIW throughout the experiment. The mixed cyanobacteria followed by Spirulina platensis exhibited the highest growth rates, achieving chlorophyll contents of 3.75 and 2.30 µg·mL−1, DWs of 1.79 g·L−1 and 1.63 g·L−1, and ODs of 0.41 and 0.38, respectively, surpassing the other treatments. The formulated biofertilizers, Spi-PIW (Spirulina platensis + potato industry wastewater) and Cyano-PIW (mixed culture+ potato industry wastewater), significantly enhanced plant height, root and stem lengths, and the number of leaves per plant in celery and lettuce compared to the control group. These biofertilizer treatments also improved chlorophyll contents, as well as macro- and micronutrient levels, in the two crops. Additionally, the application of these biofertilizers improved certain sandy soil properties, i.e., pH, total organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. In conclusion, utilizing PIW as a substrate for cultivating cyanobacteria strains and producing high-quality liquid bio-organic fertilizers holds potential for reducing recommended NPK fertilizer doses by 25–50% in celery and lettuce growth, providing an environmentally friendly approach.
Healthcare and the Internet of Medical Things: Applications, Trends, Key Challenges, and Proposed Resolutions
Authors: Al Khatib Inas , Shamayleh Abdulrahim , Ndiaye Malick
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the Internet of medical things (IoMT) has become a significant technological advancement in the healthcare sector. This systematic review aims to identify and summarize the various applications, key challenges, and proposed technical solutions within this domain, based on a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature. This review highlights diverse applications of the IoMT, including mobile health (mHealth) applications, remote biomarker detection, hybrid RFID-IoT solutions for scrub distribution in operating rooms, IoT-based disease prediction using machine learning, and the efficient sharing of personal health records through searchable symmetric encryption, blockchain, and IPFS. Other notable applications include remote healthcare management systems, non-invasive real-time blood glucose measurement devices, distributed ledger technology (DLT) platforms, ultra-wideband (UWB) radar systems, IoT-based pulse oximeters, accident and emergency informatics (A&EI), and integrated wearable smart patches. The key challenges identified include privacy protection, sustainable power sources, sensor intelligence, human adaptation to sensors, data speed, device reliability, and storage efficiency. The proposed mitigations encompass network control, cryptography, edge-fog computing, and blockchain, alongside rigorous risk planning. The review also identifies trends and advancements in the IoMT architecture, remote monitoring innovations, the integration of machine learning and AI, and enhanced security measures. This review makes several novel contributions compared to the existing literature, including (1) a comprehensive categorization of IoMT applications, extending beyond the traditional use cases to include emerging technologies such as UWB radar systems and DLT platforms; (2) an in-depth analysis of the integration of machine learning and AI in IoMT, highlighting innovative approaches in disease prediction and remote monitoring; (3) a detailed examination of privacy and security measures, proposing advanced cryptographic solutions and blockchain implementations to enhance data protection; and (4) the identification of future research directions, providing a roadmap for addressing current limitations and advancing the scientific understanding of IoMT in healthcare. By addressing current limitations and suggesting future research directions, this work aims to advance scientific understanding of the IoMT in healthcare.
Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Looking for Those Who Enjoy It
Authors: Della Bona Roberta , Giubilato Simona , Palmieri Marco , Benenati Stefano , Rossini Roberta , Di Fusco Stefania Angela , Novarese Filippo , Mascia Giuseppe , Gasparetto Nicola , Di Monaco Antonio , Gatto Laura , Zilio Filippo , Sorini Dini Carlotta , Borrello Francesco , Geraci Giovanna , Riccio Carmine , De Luca Leonardo , Colivicchi Furio , Grimaldi Massimo , Giulizia Michele Massimo , Porto Italo , Oliva Fabrizio Giovanni
Published: July 2024

Based on a wealth of evidence, aspirin is one of the cornerstones of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, despite several studies showing efficacy also in primary prevention, an unopposed excess risk of bleeding leading to a very thin safety margin is evident in subjects without a clear acute cardiovascular event. Overall, the variability in recommendations from different scientific societies for aspirin use in primary prevention is a classic example of failure of simple risk stratification models based on competing risks (atherothrombosis vs. bleeding), perceived to be opposed but intertwined at the pathophysiological level. Notably, cardiovascular risk is dynamic in nature and cannot be accurately captured by scores, which do not always consider risk enhancers. Furthermore, the widespread use of other potent medications in primary prevention, such as lipid-lowering and anti-hypertensive drugs, might be reducing the benefit of aspirin in recent trials. Some authors, drawing from specific pathophysiological data, have suggested that specific subgroups might benefit more from aspirin. This includes patients with diabetes and those with obesity; sex-based differences are considered as well. Moreover, molecular analysis of platelet reactivity has been proposed. A beneficial effect of aspirin has also been demonstrated for the prevention of cancer, especially colorectal. This review explores evidence and controversies concerning the use of aspirin in primary prevention, considering new perspectives in order to provide a comprehensive individualized approach.
Reply to Pantelis, A.G. Comment on “Salazar et al. Weight Regain after Metabolic Surgery: Beyond the Surgical Failure. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 1143”
Authors: Salazar Juan , Bermúdez Valmore
Published: July 2024

We want to express our sincere gratitude for Dr. Pantelis’ time and interest in reviewing our article and providing valuable feedback [...]
Optimization of Joint Scheduling for Automated Guided Vehicles and Unmanned Container Trucks at Automated Container Terminals Considering Conflicts
Authors: Chu Liangyong , Gao Zijian , Dang Shuo , Zhang Jiawen , Yu Qing
Published: July 2024

Port development is a critical component in constructing a resilient transportation infrastructure. The burgeoning integration of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) within container terminals, in conjunction with the orchestrated scheduling of unmanned container trucks (UCTs), is essential for the sustainable expansion of port operations in the future. This study examined the influence of AGVs in automated container terminals and the synergistic scheduling of UCTs on port operations. Comparative experiments were meticulously designed to evaluate the feasibility of integrated scheduling schemes. Through the development of optimization models that consider conflict-free paths for both AGVs and UCTs, as well as strategies for conflict resolution, a thorough analysis was performed. Advanced genetic algorithms were engineered to address task-dispatching models. In contrast, the A* optimization search algorithm was adapted to devise conflict-free and conflict-resolution paths for the two vehicle types. A range of scaled scenarios was utilized to assess the impact of AGVs and UCTs on the joint-scheduling process across various configuration ratios. The effectiveness of the strategies was appraised by comparing the resultant path outcomes. Additionally, comparative algorithmic experiments were executed to substantiate the adaptability, efficacy, and computational efficiency of the algorithms in relation to the models. The experimental results highlight the viability of tackling the joint-scheduling challenge presented by AGVs and UCTs in automated container terminals. When juxtaposed with alternative scheduling paradigms that operate independently, this integrated approach exhibits superior performance in optimizing the total operational costs. Consequently, it provides significant insights into enhancing port scheduling practices.
Prevalence of Cryptococcal Antigenemia and Lateral Flow Assay Accuracy in Severely Immunosuppressed AIDS Patients
Authors: Negri Adriana Carla Garcia , Nunes Maína de Oliveira , Lima Gláucia Moreira Espíndola , Venturini James , de Oliveira Sandra Maria do Valle Leone , Lazera Márcia dos Santos , Carvalho Lídia Raquel de , Chang Marilene Rodrigues , Tsujisaki Rosianne Assis de Sousa , França Adriana de Oliveira , Mendes Rinaldo Poncio , Paniago Anamaria Mello Miranda
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia detected by lateral flow assay (LFA) in AIDS patients and its accuracy in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Conducted at a university hospital in Brazil from March 2015 to July 2017, it included AIDS patients over 18 years old with a CD4+ count ≤ 200 cells/mm3. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) detection using LFA and latex agglutination (LA), along with blood and urine cultures, were performed. The reference standard was the identification of Cryptococcus spp. in clinical specimens through microbiological or histopathological examination. Among 230 patients, the prevalence of CrAg detected by LFA (CrAg LFA) was 13.0%. Factors associated with cryptococcal antigenemia included fever, vomiting, seizures, and a lack of antiretroviral therapy. The sensitivity and specificity of CrAg LFA were 83.9% and 98.0%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 86.7%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 97.5%, and overall accuracy was 96.1%. Cross-reactions were observed in patients with histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidmycosis, but not with aspergillosis or positive rheumatoid factor. The study concludes that the LFA is a useful tool for detecting cryptococcal antigenemia in severely immunocompromised AIDS patients due to its high NPV, specificity, and PPV.
What Does Media Say about Mental Health: A Literature Review of Media Coverage on Mental Health
Authors: Zhang Hao , Firdaus Amira
Published: July 2024

As global attention to mental health issues increases, its media portrayal becomes increasingly important. This literature review explores the representation of mental health in the media. The study found that the media plays a key role in shaping the public’s views on mental health issues. Positive media reports can help increase public awareness, reduce stigma, and promote help-seeking behaviors and policy improvements. However, negative reports may deepen misunderstandings and prejudices, increase stigma, and hinder people from seeking help. Several topics including violence and threats have become common themes in media reports on mental health issues. In addition, the portrayal of mental health on social media is emphasized, which provides a platform for discussing mental health issues, but also brings challenges to information authenticity and privacy protection. Social media interactions can provide support for mental health issues, but negative comments and cyberbullying may exacerbate the problem. The significance of this literature review is to provide theoretical support for improving media coverage and formulating public strategies, calling on media practitioners to report mental health issues in a responsible manner to promote healthier public attitudes and more effective policy interventions.
Text Mining Based Approach for Customer Sentiment and Product Competitiveness Using Composite Online Review Data
Authors: Wen Zhanming , Chen Yanjun , Liu Hongwei , Liang Zhouyang
Published: July 2024

We aimed to provide a realistic portrayal of customer sentiment and product competitiveness, as well as to inspire businesses to optimise their products and enhance their services. This paper uses 119,190 pairs of real composite review data as a corpus to examine customer sentiment analysis and product competitiveness. The research is conducted by combining TF-IDF text mining with a time-phase division through the k-means clustering method. The study identified ‘quality’, ‘taste’, ‘appearance packaging’, ‘logistics’, ‘prices’, ‘service’, ‘evaluations’, and ‘customer loyalty’ as the commodity dimensions that customers are most concerned about. These dimensions should therefore serve as the primary entry point for improving the commodity and understanding customers. A review of customer feedback reveals that the composite reviews can be divided into three time stages. Furthermore, the sentiment expressed by customers can become increasingly negative over time. The product competitiveness based on the composite review can be characterised by four regional quadrants, such as ‘Advantage Area’, ‘Struggle Area’, ‘Opportunity Area’, and ‘Waiting Area’, and merchants can target these areas to improve product competitiveness according to the dimensional distribution. In the future, it will also be possible to take customer demographics into account in order to gain a deeper understanding of the customer base.
Empathy Capacity-Building through a Community of Practice Approach: Exploring Perceived Impacts and Implications
Authors: Ernst Julie , Underwood Claire , Wojciehowski Mandi , Nayquonabe Thelma
Published: July 2024

Empathy can be a powerful catalyst for caring action toward wildlife and nature more broadly. Given the critical developmental period of early childhood, interventions that build the capacity of educators to support empathy development in young children are needed. We report on an evaluation of an empathy-focused Community of Practice (CoP) that engaged 15 regional early childhood professionals (including four zoo preschool staff) in the co-creation of empathy practices that are deepened through a ‘Two-Worlds’ (Indigenous and Western) approach. Ripple effect mapping was the evaluation approach used, as its participatory nature and emphasis on reflection were well aligned with the CoP approach. The results suggest CoP participation influenced teachers’ capacity for supporting empathy development, which rippled outward from teacher-level impacts to positive impacts on children, families, and beyond. We also offer reflections on the use of a CoP approach to build individual, organizational, and community capacity for supporting empathy, as well as on the conduciveness of ripple effect mapping for evaluating capacity-building professional learning in the context of empathy conservation.
Evaluating Potential Indicators of Welfare for Zoo Birds during an Avian Influenza Enforced Housing Order
Authors: Collard Thomas , Rose Paul
Published: July 2024

Unusual or extraordinary circumstances can cause change to normal husbandry regimes and daily care of managed animals. Increased biosecurity due to disease risk, for example, results in animals experiencing restrictions. Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) have caused zoos to remove birds from their regular exhibits and manage them indoors or in covered enclosures to reduce the likelihood of an HPAI outbreak on site. To date, there has been little research on the impacts of such husbandry change on bird behaviour and welfare. This paper examines the effect of an HPAI-induced enforced housing order (HO) on the behaviour and physical condition of a flock of Chilean flamingos in a UK zoo. Using ZooMonitor to record flock-wide behaviour patterns and scoring plumage condition, we collected data on flamingos during a housing order, immediately after lifting of the HO, and after a period of acclimation to their regular routine. Results showed that flamingos were very inactive under a HO and after release, that abnormal, redirected foraging actions occurred during the HO and after release, and that flamingos were more alert under the HO. An increase in records of good plumage condition correlated with social behaviour, inactivity, higher temperatures, and rain. This research highlights the multifactorial influences on zoo animal behaviour and shows why information on the animals, their inputs, the behavioural outputs they present, and their physical attributes should all be gathered and evaluated together to best understand the influences of husbandry and management changes on behaviour and welfare.
Development Strategy Based on Combination Typologies of Building Carbon Emissions and Urban Vibrancy—A Multi-Sourced Data-Driven Approach in Beijing, China
Authors: Xia Jingyi , Wang Jiali , Lai Yuan
Published: July 2024

When confronting the dual challenges of rapid urbanization and climate change, although extensive research has investigated the factors influencing urban carbon emissions and the practical strategies regarding urban vibrancy, the unclear mutual nexus between them and the development strategy for collaborative optimization requires further in-depth analysis. This study explores the delicate balance between urban vibrancy and low-carbon sustainability within the confines of Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road. By integrating OpenStreetMap, land use, population, and buildings’ carbon emission data, we have developed a reproducible method to estimate total carbon emissions and emission intensity. Furthermore, we have introduced vibrancy index data to distinguish the vibrancy evaluation of residential and non-residential land and applied cross-combinational classification technology to dissect the spatial correlation between urban carbon emissions and urban vibrancy. The results reveal that the four combination typologies show more significant differences and regularity in residential land. Based on the discovery of spatial correlation, this study puts forward corresponding development strategy suggestions for each of these four typologies based on the geographical location and requirements of urban development policies. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of integrating carbon emissions and urban vibrancy comprehensively in sustainable urban planning and proposes that various land use combinations need targeted development strategies to achieve this goal, which need to consider population, energy, service facilities, and other diverse aspects.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Type 2 Diabetic versus Non-Diabetic Vitreous Fluids
Authors: Alanazi Abdulaziz H. , Shan Shengshuai , Narayanan S. Priya , Somanath Payaningal R.
Published: July 2024

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss, with complex mechanisms. The study aimed to comprehensively explore vitreous humor of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, paving the way for identifying the potential molecular mechanisms underlying DR. Methods: Vitreous samples from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, collected post-mortem, were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Pathway enrichment and gene ontology analyses were conducted to identify dysregulated pathways and characterize protein functions. Results: Pathway analysis revealed dysregulation in multiple metabolic and signaling pathways associated with diabetes, including glycerolipid metabolism, histidine metabolism, and Wnt signaling. Gene ontology analysis identified proteins involved in inflammation, immune response dysregulation, and calcium signaling. Notably, proteins such as Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 (ITPR2), Calcium homeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein (CHERP), and Coronin-1A (CORO1A) were markedly upregulated in diabetic vitreous, implicating aberrant calcium signaling, inflammatory responses, and cytoskeletal reorganization in DR. Conclusions: Our study provides valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying DR and highlights the significance of inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic disturbances in disease progression. Identification of specific proteins as potential biomarkers underscores the multifactorial nature of DR. Future research in this area is vital for advancing therapeutic interventions and translating findings into clinical practice.
Deep Learning-Powered Optical Microscopy for Steel Research
Authors: Mikmeková Šárka , Zouhar Martin , Čermák Jan , Ambrož Ondřej , Jozefovič Patrik , Konvalina Ivo , Materna Mikmeková Eliška , Materna Jiří
Published: July 2024

The success of machine learning (ML) models in object or pattern recognition naturally leads to ML being employed in the classification of the microstructure of steel surfaces. Light optical microscopy (LOM) is the traditional imaging process in this field. However, the increasing use of ML to extract or relate more aspects of the aforementioned materials and the limitations of LOM motivated us to provide an improvement to the established image acquisition process. In essence, we perform style transfer from LOM to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with “intelligent” upscaling. This is achieved by employing an ML model trained on a multimodal dataset to generate an SEM-like image from the corresponding LOM image. This transformation, in our opinion, which is corroborated by a detailed analysis of the source, target and prediction, successfully pushes the limits of LOM in the case of steel surfaces. The expected consequence is the improvement of the precise characterization of advanced multiphase steels’ structure based on these transformed LOM images.
Chinese Family Farm Business Risk Assessment Using a Hierarchical Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Model
Authors: Mou Yu , Li Xiaofeng
Published: July 2024

Chinese family farms are continuously expanding; they are also facing various business risks that lead to a shorter lifespan. This paper constructed a family farm business risk assessment model that combined a hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTS) model with a hesitant fuzzy weighted average (HFWA) operator. On the basis of the factor analysis, this study built a family farm indicator system that included the natural, technical, market, policy, society, and management risk. The HFLTS was used for the assessment of weights in pairwise comparison matrices, and the HFWA operator was used as an aggregation operator to calculate the business risk score of family farms. For our case study, a method comparison analysis was also performed to check the validity of the results obtained by our risk assessment model.
Effects of Wrist Stability Training Combined with Grip Strength Exercise on Pain and Function in Patients with Nonspecific Chronic Wrist Pain
Authors: Hong Seung-Ji , Lee Mi-Young , Lee Byoung-Hee
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Non-specific chronic wrist pain is wrist pain that occurs without a specific cause, such as trauma, and may limit the range of motion of the joints of the wrist and hand, affecting muscle strength, grip strength, and function. This study aimed to determine the effects of grip-strengthening exercises combined with wrist stability training on pain and function in patients with non-specific chronic wrist pain. Materials and Methods: The subjects of the study were 31 patients with wrist pain. To determine the effect of grip-strengthening exercises combined with wrist stability training, 15 participants participated in grip-strengthening exercises combined with wrist stability training and 16 control subjects participated. The experimental group participated in wrist-stability training. Grip-strengthening exercises combined with wrist stability training were performed for 20 min/day twice a week for 4 weeks, and relaxation massage and conservative physical therapy were performed for 20 min/day twice a week for 4 weeks. The control group received relaxation massage and conservative physical therapy for 40 min/day twice a week for 4 weeks. A visual pain scale was used to evaluate the degree of pain before and after treatment, and a patient-rated wrist evaluation was used to evaluate wrist function. Results: The results showed that the visual score significantly decreased in the time effect before and after the intervention in both groups (p < 0.001), patient-rated wrist evaluation significantly decreased (p < 0.001), and grip strength and muscle strength significantly increased (p < 0.001). The results of this study showed that grip-strengthening exercises combined with wrist stability training were effective in improving pain, function, grip strength, and muscle strength in patients with non-specific chronic wrist pain. Conclusions: Grip-strengthening exercises combined with wrist stability training can be used as an effective intervention method to improve pain, function, grip strength, and muscle strength, emphasizing the need for wrist exercise interventions in patients with non-specific chronic wrist pain in the future.
Derivation of Equivalent Material Coefficients of 2-2 Piezoelectric Single Crystal Composite
Authors: Sim Minseop , Je Yub , Cho Yohan , Seo Hee-Seon , Kim Moo-Joon
Published: July 2024

Piezoelectric composites, which consist of piezoelectric materials and polymers, are widely employed in various applications such as underwater sonar transducers and medical diagnostic ultrasonic transducers. Acoustic transducers based on piezoelectric composites can have high sensitivity with broad bandwidth. In recent studies, it is demonstrated that 2-2 composites based on single crystals provide further increased sensitivity and wide bandwidth. In order to utilize a 2-2 composite in acoustic sensors, it is required to demonstrate the full material coefficients of the 2-2 composite. In this study, we investigated an analytic solution for determining equivalent material coefficients of a 2-2 composite. Impedance spectrums of the single-phase resonators with equivalent material coefficients and 2-2 composite resonators were compared by the finite element method in order to verify the analytic solutions. Furthermore, the equivalent material coefficients derived from the analytic solution were also verified by comparing the measured and the simulated impedance spectrums. The difference in resonance and anti-resonance frequencies between the measured and simulated impedance spectrums was around 0.5% and 1.2%. By utilizing the analytic solutions in this study, it is possible to accurately derive full equivalent material coefficients of a 2-2 composite, which are essential for the development of acoustic sensors.
Impact of Smoking Cessation and Charlson Comorbidity Index on Influenza Vaccination Efficacy in COPD Patients
Authors: Chang Hui-Chuan , Liu Shih-Feng
Published: July 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are particularly susceptible to respiratory infections like influenza, which exacerbate symptoms and increase healthcare utilization. While smoking cessation and influenza vaccination are recommended preventive measures, their combined impact on healthcare resource utilization is underexplored. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) assesses comorbidity burden in COPD patients and may influence healthcare outcomes. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 357 COPD patients, evaluating smoking cessation success over one year and influenza vaccination receipt, stratifying patients by CCI scores. Healthcare utilization outcomes included emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and medical expenses. Results showed that 51.82% of patients quit smoking and 59.66% received influenza vaccination, with higher comorbidity prevalence in advanced COPD stages (p = 0.002). Both smoking cessation and influenza vaccination independently correlated with decreased emergency room visits, hospital admissions, days, and costs. Patients who both quit smoking and received influenza vaccination exhibited the lowest healthcare utilization rates. In conclusion, smoking cessation and influenza vaccination significantly reduce healthcare resource utilization in COPD patients, with the combination yielding synergistic benefits, particularly in those with lower CCI scores. Integrating these interventions and comorbidity management in COPD strategies is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.
Implementation of Spore Display in Paenibacillus polymyxa with Different Hydrolytic Enzymes
Authors: Zander Maximilian , Schmid Jochen , Kabisch Johannes
Published: July 2024

Biotechnological processes are essential for producing climate-friendly high-value chemicals or pharmaceutical compounds, which can include steps catalyzed by enzymes. Therefore, establishing new, robust, and cheap enzyme production processes is desirable. One possible way to enhance processes is through the use of the spore display method. Spore display can present heterologous proteins on the surface of bacterial spores, offering numerous advantages in a range of biotechnological applications. This study demonstrates the implementation of the spore display method in Paenibacillus polymyxa, achieved by modifying the spore surface, incorporating an anchoring protein, and attaching green fluorescent protein to it, allowing the visualization of fluorescent spores. Following the initial experiment, a native lipase (Lip3), a heterologous lipase (LipA) from Bacillus subtilis, a native esterase (PnbA) from P. polymyxa, and a lipoyl synthase were expressed during sporulation and displayed on the spore surface. The activity profiles were determined in the temperature range from 4 °C to 70 °C. The PnbA reached its optimum at 4 °C, whereas the LipA from B. subtilis showed 4.4-fold higher activity at 42 °C compared to the control. Furthermore, we explored a possible new technique for the purification of enzymes with the TEV cleavage site between the anchor and the protein of interest. Finally, we showed a not-yet-described side activity of the lipoyl synthase over a wide temperature range.
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Conducted at “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital in Bucharest
Authors: Anton Corina-Ioana , Buzilă Cosmin Alexandru , Stanciu Silviu Marcel , Bucurică Săndica , Anghel Daniela , Ștefan Alexia Teodora , Ștefan Ion , Streinu-Cercel Adrian
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate patients with prosthetic valves who developed infective endocarditis by comparing treatment outcomes in both early- and late-onset IE episodes following prosthetic valve replacement surgery. This study sought to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy of these methodologies. The insights derived from this assessment can be utilized to enhance the quality of care for individuals with infective endocarditis who have undergone prosthetic valve replacement surgery. Results: During the period of investigation (January 2017–December 2022), 78 patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) on a prosthetic valve were admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department of the “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital in Bucharest. In 28 patients (35.8%), the onset of PVE occurred within 12 months of surgery (early onset), whereas in 50 patients (64.2%), the onset occurred more than 12 months after surgery (late onset). The mortality rate was 35.9% (53.6% among the early onset patients and 26% among the late-onset patients). Among patients who received surgical and medical therapy, the mortality rate was 29.6%, whereas among those who received only medical therapy, a 39.2% mortality rate was reported. According to the extracted data, antibiotic therapy was successful in 72.6% of the patients. In contrast, a combination of surgical and drug-based approaches resulted in a cure in 76.1% of patients. The most common etiological agent was Staphylococcus aureus (38.5%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (26.9%) and Streptococcus mitis (10.3%). The mortality rate of patients infected with S. aureus was 29.2%, indicating the severity of this infectious agent. Conclusions: Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a serious condition associated with a high mortality rate both in the short and long term. Regardless of the therapy used, the risk of death remains high.
Novel TiO2-Supported Gold Nanoflowers for Efficient Photocatalytic NOx Abatement
Authors: Slapničar Špela , Žerjav Gregor , Zavašnik Janez , Roškarič Matevž , Finšgar Matjaž , Pintar Albin
Published: July 2024

In this study, we pioneered the synthesis of nanoflower-shaped TiO2-supported Au photocatalysts and investigated their properties. Au nanoflowers (Au NFs) were prepared by a Na-citrate and hydroquinone-based preparation method, followed by wet impregnation of the derived Au NFs on the surface of TiO2 nanorods (TNR). A uniform and homogeneous distribution of Au NFs was observed in the TNR + NF(0.7) sample (lower Na-citrate concentration), while their distribution was heterogeneous in the TNR + NF(1.4) sample (higher Na-citrate concentration). The UV-Vis DR spectra revealed the size- and shape-dependent optical properties of the Au NFs, with the LSPR effect observed in the visible region. The solid-state EPR spectra showed the presence of Ti3+, oxygen vacancies and electron interactions with organic compounds on the catalyst surface. In the case of the TNR + NF(0.7) sample, high photocatalytic activity was observed in the H2-assisted reduction of NO2 to N2 at room temperature under visible-light illumination. In contrast, the TNR + NF(1.4) catalyst as well as the heat-treated samples showed no ability to reduce NO2 under visible light, indicating the presence of deformed Au NFs limiting the LSPR effect. These results emphasized the importance of the choice of synthesis method, as this could strongly influence the photocatalytic activity of the Au NFs.
Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Pore Shape on Heat Transfer Behavior of Phase Change Materials in Porous Metal Structures
Authors: Chang Chao , Li Bo , Fu Baocai , Yang Xu , Lou Tianyi , Ji Yulong
Published: July 2024

With the gradual increase in energy demand in global industrialization, the energy crisis has become an urgent problem. Due to high heat storage density, small volume change, and nearly constant transition temperature, phase change materials (PCMs) provide a promising method to store thermal energy. In this work, we designed and fabricated three kinds of porous metal structures with hexagonal, rectangular, and circular pores and explored the phase change process of PCMs within them. A two-dimensional numerical model was established to investigate the heat transfer process of PCMs within different shapes of porous metal structures and analyze the influence of heat source location on the thermal performance of the thermal storage units. Visualization experiments were also carried out to reveal the melting process of PCMs within different porous metal structures by a digital camera. The results show that paraffin in a porous metal structure with hexagonal pores has the fastest melting rate, while that in a porous metal structure with circular pores has the slowest melting rate. Under the bottom heating mode, the melting time of the paraffin in porous metal structures with hexagonal pores is shortened by 18.6% compared to that in porous metal structures with circular pores. Under the left heating mode, the corresponding melting time is shortened by 16.7%. These findings in this work will offer an effective method to design and optimize the structure of porous metal and improve the thermal properties of PCMs.
Helical Hybrid Nanostructure Based on Chiral M13 Bacteriophage via Evaporation-Induced Three-Dimensional Process
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Mien , Kim Sung-Jo , Ryu Dae Gon , Chung Jae Hun , Lee Si-Hak , Hwang Sun-Hwi , Choi Cheol Woong , Oh Jin-Woo
Published: July 2024

The use of naturally sourced organic materials with chirality, such as the M13 bacteriophage, holds intriguing implications, especially in the field of nanotechnology. The chirality properties of bacteriophages have been demonstrated through numerous studies, particularly in the analysis of liquid crystal phase transitions, developing specific applications. However, exploring the utilization of the M13 bacteriophage as a template for creating chiral nanostructures for optics and sensor applications comes with significant challenges. In this study, the chirality of the M13 bacteriophage was leveraged as a valuable tool for generating helical hybrid structures by combining it with nanoparticles through an evaporation-induced three-dimensional (3D) printing process. Utilizing on the self-assembly property of the M13 bacteriophage, metal nanoparticles were organized into a helical chain under the influence of the M13 bacteriophage at the meniscus interface. External parameters, including nanoparticle shape, the ratio between the bacteriophage and nanoparticles, and pulling speed, were demonstrated as crucial factors affecting the fabrication of helical nanostructures. This study aimed to explore the potential of chiral nanostructure fabrication by utilizing the chirality of the M13 bacteriophage and manipulating external parameters to control the properties of the resulting hybrid structures.
A Comparative Assessment of the Pathogenic Potential of Newly Discovered Henipaviruses
Authors: Meier Kristina , Olejnik Judith , Hume Adam J. , Mühlberger Elke
Published: July 2024

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have led to the discovery of a plethora of previously unknown viruses in animal samples. Some of these newly detected viruses are closely related to human pathogens. A prime example are the henipaviruses. Both Nipah (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) cause severe disease in humans. Henipaviruses are of zoonotic origin, and animal hosts, including intermediate hosts, play a critical role in viral transmission to humans. The natural reservoir hosts of NiV and HeV seem to be restricted to a few fruit bat species of the Pteropus genus in distinct geographic areas. However, the recent discovery of novel henipa- and henipa-like viruses suggests that these viruses are far more widespread than was originally thought. To date, these new viruses have been found in a wide range of animal hosts, including bats, shrews, and rodents in Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America. Since these viruses are closely related to human pathogens, it is important to learn whether they pose a threat to human health. In this article, we summarize what is known about the newly discovered henipaviruses, highlight differences to NiV and HeV, and discuss their pathogenic potential.