bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Place des aménagements pervers chez des jeunes femmes anorexiques et boulimiques : étude clinique et projective
Authors: Chabert Catherine , Vibert Sarah
Published: December 2016

Majoritairement limites, les organisations qui sous-tendent les troubles des conduites alimentaires sont mobilisés par une problématique de dépendance majeure par rapport à l’environnement. D’autres voies sont toutefois ouvertes, qui mettent en évidence une parenté partielle avec les perversions : certains mécanismes de défense communs, mais aussi une problématique sexuelle montrant l’importance du narcissisme, le déni de la castration et l’existence d’un clivage du moi effectif. Notre étude porte spécifiquement, à partir de données projectives, sur l’articulation entre les modalités singulières de traitement de la perte d’objet et le recours à des aménagements pervers mobilisés dans les déviations des conduites alimentaires et leur surinvestissement ; la particularité des identifications au regard de la bisexualité et de la différence des sexes et les caractéristiques des mouvements relationnels mobilisés par la confrontation à la sexualité.
Troubles de la sexualité et craintes sexuelles des femmes atteintes d’un cancer gynécologique pelvien
Authors: Venturini Elisa
Published: December 2016

Le cancer gynécologique pelvien est une pathologie qui se loge dans les organes génitaux internes de la femme traités par hystérectomie. C’est donc une castration que ces femmes subissent dans la réalité d’un corps qui souffre. Cancer et traitements sont autant d’effractions corporelles qui réitèrent une représentation psychique de la pénétration comme de l’accueil passif de l’autre en soi. Cette figure de l’étranger à l’intérieur du moi convoque des fantasmes, affects et représentations pénétrantes qui endommagent l’image du corps, génère des images de passivité et ravive des expériences de passivation. De plus, cette effraction s’opère spécifiquement sur le lieu intime du sexe, là où s’incarne le devenir femme puis le devenir mère, convoquant le féminin de la femme dans sa pluralité, mais aussi dans ses rapports à la sexualité.
Evidence-Based Treatment of Emotional Distress in Patients with Ischemic Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Ketterer Mark W. , Mahr Gregory
Published: December 2016

Replicated gold-standard evidence (ie, randomly assigned, controlled clinical trials) demonstrates that cognitive-behavioral therapy targeting AIAI (aggravation, irritation, anger, and impatience) reduces “hard” event (eg, myocardial infarction, death) rates. Symptoms and costs also improve in patients with ischemic coronary heart disease who are treated for emotional distress. Nevertheless, routine care for these patients generally ignores these cost-effective strategies. Anxiety, and perhaps depression, may also be pathogenic for cardiovascular events and are important for symptom control (eg, ischemic or noncardiac chest pain, palpitations, presyncope, fatigue). The pressure on cardiac care practitioners to document actual clinical benefits to patients for expended health care dollars should induce them to take a new look at emotional distress in patients with ischemic coronary heart disease and the benefits of treatment.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(12):677–682.]
A Primer on Cardiac Devices: Psychological and Pharmacological Considerations
Authors: Ng Chee Yuan , Mela Theofanie
Published: December 2016

The placement of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), such as implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices, leads to a significant increase in survival for patients with cardiac arrhythmias. However, despite the survival benefits, patients with CIEDs may suffer from a lower quality of life, psychosocial distress, and posttraumatic stress syndrome associated with ICD shocks. This article describes the psychological concerns and considerations when managing a patient with a CIED. The care of a patient with a CIED requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes collaboration between cardiologists and mental health providers.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(12):683–690.]
Biomechanical Analysis of Intervertebral Cement Extravasation in Vertebral Motion Segments
Authors: Wahlquist Trevor C. , Lee John J. , Brunfeldt Alexander , Burns Geoffrey T. , Patel Rakesh D. , Graziano Gregory P.
Published: December 2016

Kyphoplasty is a therapeutic option for pain relief in the setting of compression fractures. Cement extravasation into adjacent disks is a common occurrence. The biomechanical and clinical consequences of cement in the disks currently are unknown. This study investigated the biomechanical effects of cement extravasation into the intervertebral disk in a human cadaveric model. Seven thoracolumbar and lumbar embalmed human cadaveric motion segments were evaluated in axial rotation, right and left lateral bending, and flexion and extension. Stiffness was calculated at baseline and following injection of 1 mL of cement into the intervertebral disk. There was a 13.4% (
P
=.041) increase in stiffness in axial rotation compared with preinjection motion segments. No significant difference was observed in lateral bending or flexion and extension. In this model, cement extravasation into the disk space increased stiffness in axial rotation. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e300–e304.]
Research on Traditional Istrian Music and Dance with an Emphasis on Revitalizing and Presenting Traditional Church (Glagolitic) Singing Practice
Authors: Ćaleta Joško
Published: December 2016

This article emphasizes various research intentions and goals, paradigms, and themes that used to occupy researchers’ interest in the past as well as those at the center of attention today. The Institute of Ethnology and Folklore in Zagreb and its researchers have played an important role in collecting and recording the traditional cultural heritage of Istria, especially musical and dance traditions. The claim that previous research generally emphasized collected, archived material reflects the general attitude towards research on traditional heritage, maintained almost until the beginning of the twenty-first century. One of the basic models of musical heritage preservation was its presentation in the form of public performances (e.g., thematic concerts and festivals). The author analyzes the current state of traditional church singing in Istria through presentational models established in the last two decades in processes in which the author’s personal involvement played a crucial role (as part of a process of applied ethnomusicology).
***
Namen prispevka je predstaviti različne raziskovalne paradigme, cilje in teme, ki so nekoč in danes v središču pozornosti posameznih raziskovalcev. Raziskovalci Inštituta za etnologijo in folkloristiko iz Zagreba so imeli pomembno vlogo v procesih zbiranja in snemanja predvsem glasbene in plesne kulturne dediščine Istre. Trditev, da so se predhodne raziskave posvečale predvsem zbiranju in arhiviranju gradiva izraža splošen odnos do raziskav tradicijske dediščine skoraj do začetka tega stoletja. Eden osnovnih modelov ohranjanja glasbene dediščine je postal njena predstavitev v obliki javnih nastopov (tematskih koncertov, festivalov). Avtor trenutno stanje tradicijskega cerkvenega petja v Istri analizira prek teh modelov, ki so se uveljavili v zadnjih dveh desetletjih, s poudarkom na procesih, pri katerih je bila pomembna njegova osebna vpletenost (kot del procesa aplikativne etnomuzikologije.)
Un alegato a favor de lo compartido: historia de la discapacidad, discursos de rehabilitación, y el individuo
Authors: Verstraete Pieter , Herman Frederik
Published: December 2016

Desde finales del siglo XX la historia de la discapacidad ha madurado. Investigadores de muy diversa formación se han convencido cada vez más del valor de mirar al pasado a través de la lente de la discapacidad. Numerosos trabajos se han centrado en el análisis de la naturaleza construida de la discapacidad y, en consecuencia, han intentado de manera deliberada deconstruir las distinciones actuales entre las personas sin discapacidades y las personas discapacitadas. Reevaluando positivamente la particular posición del individuo con discapacidades sobre la base de narrativas históricas, este artículo intenta mostrar las tendencias presentes de discriminación y opresión. Con este trabajo nos gustaría además recordar al lector otro tipo de aproximación que, en ocasiones, corre el peligro de quedar oculta, concretamente la tarea histórica que intenta desvelar lo que se comparte: lugares donde las distinciones entre las personas con o sin discapacidades son temporalmente olvidadas y / o borradas; momentos en los que las fronteras entre el yo y el otro son reconfiguradas. Para llevar esto a cabo, vamos a utilizar un discurso de gran influencia dentro de la historia de la discapacidad: el discurso de la rehabilitación. Retrocediendo hasta el comienzo del siglo XX, presentaremos el trabajo del científico francés Jules Mardochée Amar y de dos soldados belgas con discapacidad de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Las ideas de Amar sobre la rehabilitación influyeron en las prácticas de rehabilitación desarrolladas durante y después de la guerra. Los dos soldados belgas discapacitados fueron rehabilitados en un instituto para la rehabilitación profesional establecido por el gobierno Belga en el norte de Francia. Al yuxtaponer el discurso de Amar con las experiencias de los dos soldados belgas, demostraremos cómo, junto al discurso individual de rehabilitación, pueden encontrarse también momentos en los que el individuo es absorbido por una “commonality” -un conjunto de características comunes- real y tangible. Como consecuencia de esto, todo el mundo – ya sean ciudadanos físicamente capaces o soldados mutilados – pasa a formar parte de una comunidad de iguales.
Inmunizar contagiando. La práctica de la inoculación como tratamiento preventivo frente a la viruela en la Capitanía General de Chile a fines del siglo XVIII
Authors: Caffarena Barcenilla Paula
Published: December 2016

Este artículo examina el estado en que se encontraba la inoculación a fines del siglo XVIII en la Capitanía General de Chile, a través de una epidemia de viruela que afectó a Concepción y sus alrededores entre 1789 y 1791. Una de las preguntas centrales de este estudio es en qué medida la inoculación puede considerarse como el primer tratamiento preventivo para enfrentar la viruela y el papel que la población jugó en ello. Buscamos también determinar la importancia que tuvo la variolización en la configuración y aceptación de la noción de inmunización en la sociedad del periodo, pues más allá del número de personas que se sometieron a la práctica, su implementación se tradujo en la discusión temprana de nociones como prevención y universalidad. Dichas nociones fueron fundamentales en el desarrollo de las posteriores medidas que se utilizaron para enfrentar la viruela en la sociedad chilena.
Las fotografías de California de Rafael Castro y Ordóñez, miembro de la Expedición Científica del Pacífico (1862-1866): discurso y circulación
Authors: Badía-Villaseca Sara
Published: December 2016

En octubre de 1863 Rafael Castro y Ordóñez, artista y fotógrafo de la Comisión Científica del Pacífico, viajó junto al naturalista Francisco de Paula Martínez y Sáez por el estado de California. La Comisión acompañaba una expedición militar y política de corte panhispanista. Fruto de aquel viaje el artista produjo una veintena de fotografías, dibujos y varias cartas que se publicarían en la revista El Museo Universal. Fotografías y crónicas del viaje conforman un corpus de excepcional valor que permite reconstruir el proyecto y su fabricación de una nueva imagen de América tras la independencia de las antiguas colonias y la irrupción de los Estados Unidos como potencia emergente. Este trabajo analiza este discurso y cómo se articuló con relación a este recién incorporado territorio de los Estados Unidos. A lo largo del estudio se revelarán varios fenómenos interesantes, como la ruptura ocasional del discurso, la circulación de las fotografías más allá del contexto de la Expedición o las conexiones de este viaje de exploración con el fenómeno del turismo.
Implicaciones transnacionales en la historia de la psiquiatría: la reubicación de pacientes de Tirol del sur (Italia) en instituciones psiquiátricas alemanas, 1940-1945
Authors: Müller Thomas , Kanis-Seyfried Uta
Published: December 2016

El objeto de este trabajo es investigar el destino de un grupo de pacientes psiquiátricos ingresados en asilos de Württemberg (Alemania) durante el periodo de 1940 a 1945. Dichos internos, procedentes principalmente de las regiones italianas de Vicenza, Udine, Trento y Alto Adigio, fueron enviados (y un número importante entre ellos ilegalmente deportados) a los psiquátricos alemanes de Zwiefalten, Schussenried y Weissenau, situados todos en el sur de la región alemana de Württemberg, entre 1940 y 1943. Especial atención se dedica a los llamados Acuerdos para la Opción entre el Reich alemán y la Italia fascista, como parte de la biopolítica nacionalsocialista. El tratamiento de estos pacientes surtiroleses en los asilos, así como su destino, se sitúa en el contexto de las acciones de reubicación de la población realizadas en las zonas limítrofes del Tercer Reich, que comenzaron en 1939 y afectaron a amplias zonas del continente europeo. Se estudian comparativamente también en esta contribución otros subgrupos poblacionales que emigraron por entonces de Italia al Reich alemán.
Renal Angiomyolipoma in Pregnancy: Surgical Management with Fetal Preservation-Approach in a Developing Setting
Authors: Ugwumba Fred O. , Nnakenyi Emeka F. , Okafor Okechukwu C. , Onuh Augustine C. , Ezechukwu Paschalina C. , Urube Sunday
Published: December 2016

Renal angiomyolipomas (RAML) are uncommon benign renal tumours that are associated with a tendency to rupture resulting in sometimes- torrential retroperitoneal hemorrhage as the Wunderlich syndrome or as severe potentially exsanguinating hematuria. When hemorrhage from RAML occurs in pregnancy it presents a unique challenge requiring timely and appropriately adapted intervention with the goal of preventing fatality, preserving renal function as well as preventing fetal loss if possible. We report the management of severe bleeding from RAML in pregnancy and highlight the need to adopt a management strategy that suits the practice environment and offers the patient standard and enduring care.
Histochemical and morphological aspects of fresh frozen bone: a preliminary study
Authors: De Ponte F.S. , Cutroneo G. , Falzea R. , Rizzo G. , Catalfamo L. , Favaloro A. , Vermiglio G. , Runci M. , Centofanti A. , Anastasi G.
Published: December 2016

Bone graft are used in dentistry for the reconstruction of severely atrophic jaws. Fresh frozen bone has no osteogenic property but it has osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties because its matrix contains growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate morphological and protein expression characteristics of fresh frozen bone before graft and after six months of graft in patients who needed maxillary reconstruction. After 6 month of graft we observed the presence of viable bone as evidenced by full osteocyte lacunae and by the presence of RANKR, osteocalcin positive cells and vascular endothelial growth factor. In conclusion, our findings show that the fresh frozen bone after six month of graft is for the most part viable bone, encouraging its use as an alternative to autogenous bone for reconstructing maxillary bone defects prior to implant.
Analysis of water-related metaphors within the theme of religious harmony in Swami Vivekananda’s Complete Works
Authors: Naicker Suren
Published: December 2016

This article focuses on the metaphors employed by Swami Vivekananda. The aim was to explain otherwise abstruse philosophical principles within the Hindu school of thought, with especial emphasis on Swami Vivekananda’s version of Advaita Vedanta, which maintains that there is no duality of existence despite the appearance of such. Using conceptual metaphor theory as a framework, and corpus linguistics as a tool, the metaphors used in Vivekananda’s Complete Works have been explored and it is concluded that he more often than not draws on the water frame to explain concepts. This is contrary to mainstream Western religions, which seem to employ primarily the family frame to conceptualise God metaphorically; this is not so within Vivekananda’s Hinduism – though he does use the said frame. Hence, Vivekananda’s water-related metaphors are analysed here under various themes, and parallels are drawn between Christian mysticism and Vivekananda’s Hinduism, showing that there are significant similarities between these two influential traditions.
Die teks van die Bybel: Hermeneutiek, uitleg en interpretasie
Authors: Breed Douw G.
Published: December 2016

No abstract available.
Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 8 years’ experience from a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Danthala Madhav , Gundeti Sadashivudu , Maddali Laxmi Srinivas , Pillai Ashok , Puligundla Krishna Chaitanya , Adusumilli Raja Praveen
Published: December 2016

Introduction: The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) is the most common cytogenetic abnormality associated with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurring in 20% to 40% of patients. It is also detected in 2% to 5% of children with ALL. Historically, patients with Ph-positive ALL carried a dismal prognosis, with poor response to most chemotherapy combinations, short remission durations, and long-term disease-free survival rates of 10% to 20%. The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized therapy of Ph-positive ALL. Materials and Methods: This retrospective and descriptive single center study was carried out based on data retrieved of 508 patients treated for ALL from 2007 to 2014. Of these thirty patients were Ph-positive ALL and were available for analysis, and these patients were included in the study. Ph-positive ALL was defined as ALL carrying the t(9;22) translocation on standard karyotype and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis and/or positivity for BCR-ABL fusion transcript detection by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) analysis. Patients were treated with combination chemotherapy and oral TKIs and responses were classified as either CR defined by the absence of circulating blasts and <5% marrow blasts on a bone marrow examination done at the end of induction chemotherapy or failure, including persistent disease and early death. Results: There were 30 (5.9%) cases of Ph-positive ALL out of a total of 508 cases of ALL with a median age of 27.5 years (range: 7-55). The choice of first line TKI was Imatinib in 25 (83.3 %) patients and Dasatinib in 1 (3.3 %) patient. Fourteen patients (46.6 %) had a CR, 3 (10 %) had a partial response (PR), 8 (26.6 %) had persistence of disease at the end of induction chemotherapy. The overall survival in those who received sequential chemotherapy followed by TKI (n = 4) was 28.5 months (95% CI 10.78 to 46.21 months) compared with 13.98 months (95% CI 6.04 to 21.97 months) for patients who received concurrent chemotherapy and TKI (n = 20); log rank (Mantel Cox) X 2 = 8.33, P = 0.040), however limited sample precluded meaningful subgroup analysis. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that we still have a long way to go to match outcomes of western published series, even when the same treatment protocol is used, probably due to the underutilization of Allogeneic SCT as an option in first CR.
Evaluation of delays in diagnosis and treatment of childhood malignancies in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Mamtaz , Islam Md. Johirul , Akhtar Md. Waheed , Karim Sabina
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Malignancy is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to GLOBOCAN 2012, an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths occurred in 2012. It is estimated that childhood malignancies are 0.5-4.6% of total malignancies. However, from the point of view of potential year lost due to childhood malignancies, it is more important than adult. Materials and Methods: To find out the probable components for the delay in diagnosis and treatment of childhood malignancies in Bangladesh, cross-sectional observational study was done at the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2014 to June 2014. Results: A total of 171 patients were included in the study. They were divided into four age groups. The mean age was 8.422 years with standard deviation ± 5.381 years and their age ranged from 2 months to 18 years. In aggregate, about 70% of the cases had to wait for more than 90 days for the treatment. About 15% had to wait for 31-60 days. Negligible percentage of patients got treatment before 30 days. Among the three components of delay, patients delay was influenced by age of the child, economic status of the family, parental education, and awareness of the parents about malignancy. Conclusion: More than one-third of the pediatric patients had to wait three months or more for treatment to start for various reasons. By raising awareness among the stake holders this problem can be minimized. Further studies are recommended to explore the other factors which might cause delayed referral.
A high-resolution regional emission inventory of atmospheric mercury and its comparison with multi-scale inventories: a case study of Jiangsu, China
Authors: Zhong Hui , Zhao Yu , Muntean Marilena , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2016

Abstract. A better understanding of the discrepancies in multi-scale inventories could give an insight into their approaches and limitations as well as provide indications for further improvements; international, national, and plant-by-plant data are primarily obtained to compile those inventories. In this study we develop a high-resolution inventory of Hg emissions at 0.05°  ×  0.05° for Jiangsu, China, using a bottom-up approach and then compare the results with available global/national inventories. With detailed information on individual sources and the updated emission factors from field measurements applied, the annual Hg emissions of anthropogenic origin in Jiangsu in 2010 are estimated at 39 105 kg, of which 51, 47, and 2 % were Hg0, Hg2+, and Hgp, respectively. This provincial inventory is thoroughly compared to three downscaled national inventories (NJU, THU, and BNU) and two global ones (AMAP/UNEP and EDGARv4.tox2). Attributed to varied methods and data sources, clear information gaps exist in multi-scale inventories, leading to differences in the emission levels, speciation, and spatial distributions of atmospheric Hg. The total emissions in the provincial inventory are 28, 7, 19, 22, and 70 % larger than NJU, THU, BNU, AMAP/UNEP, and EDGARv4.tox2, respectively. For major sectors, including power generation, cement, iron and steel, and other coal combustion, the Hg contents (HgC) in coals/raw materials, abatement rates of air pollution control devices (APCDs) and activity levels are identified as the crucial parameters responsible for the differences in estimated emissions between inventories. Regarding speciated emissions, a larger fraction of Hg2+ is found in the provincial inventory than national and global inventories, resulting mainly from the results by the most recent domestic studies in which enhanced Hg2+ were measured for cement and iron and steel plants. Inconsistent information on large power and industrial plants is the main source of differences in spatial distribution of emissions between the provincial and other inventories, particularly in southern and northwestern Jiangsu, where intensive coal combustion and industry are located. Quantified with Monte Carlo simulation, uncertainties in the provincial inventory are smaller than those of the NJU national inventory, resulting mainly from the more accurate activity data of individual plants and the reduced uncertainties in HgC in coals/raw materials.
Comparison of retrieved noctilucent cloud particle properties from Odin tomography scans and model simulations
Authors: Megner Linda , Christensen Ole M. , Karlsson Bodil , Benze Susanne , Fomichev Victor I.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Mesospheric ice particles, known as noctilucent clouds or polar mesospheric clouds, have long been observed by rocket instruments, satellites and ground-based remote sensing, while models have been used to simulate ice particle growth and cloud properties. However, the fact that different measurement techniques are sensitive to different parts of the ice particle distribution makes it difficult to compare retrieved parameters such as ice particle radius or ice concentration from different experiments. In this work we investigate the accuracy of satellite retrieval based on scattered light and how this affects derived cloud properties. We apply the retrieval algorithm on spectral signals calculated from modelled cloud distributions and compare the results to the properties of the original distributions. We find that ice mass density is accurately retrieved whereas mean radius is often overestimated and high ice concentrations are generally underestimated. The reason is partly that measurements based on scattered light are insensitive to the smaller particles and partly that the retrieval algorithm assumes a Gaussian size distribution. Once we know the limits of the satellite retrieval we proceed to compare the properties retrieved from the modelled cloud distributions to those observed by the Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (OSIRIS) instrument on the Odin satellite. We find that a model with a stationary atmosphere, as given by average atmospheric conditions, does not yield cloud properties that are in agreement with the observations, whereas a model with realistic temperature and vertical wind variations does. This indicates that average atmospheric conditions are insufficient to understand the process of noctilucent cloud growth and that a realistic atmospheric variability is crucial for cloud formation and growth. Further, the agreement between results from the model, when set up with a realistically variable atmosphere, and the observations suggests that our understanding of the growth process itself is reasonable.
Characterising tropospheric O3 and CO around Frankfurt over the period 1994–2012 based on MOZAIC–IAGOS aircraft measurements
Authors: Petetin Hervé , Thouret Valérie , Fontaine Alain , Sauvage Bastien , Athier Giles , Blot Romain , Boulanger Damien , Cousin Jean-Marc , Nédélec Philippe
Published: December 2016

Abstract. In the framework of the MOZAIC–IAGOS programme, vertical profiles of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) have been available since 1994 and 2002, respectively. This study investigates the variability and trend of both species in three tropospheric layers above the German airports Frankfurt and Munich. About 21 300 flights have taken place over the period 1994–2012, which represents the worldwide densest vertical in situ data set of O3 and CO (with  ∼  96 flights per month on average). The mean vertical profile of ozone shows a strong gradient in the first kilometre during the whole year and in the tropopause region in spring and summer. The mean vertical profile of CO is characterised by high mixing ratios at the ground, a strong decrease in the first kilometre, in particular in winter and autumn, and a moderate one in the free troposphere. O3 minimises in November–December and shows a broad spring/summer maximum in the lower and mid-troposphere and a sharp maximum in summer in the upper troposphere. The seasonal variation of CO shows a broad minimum in July–October close to the surface and in September–October it occurs higher in the troposphere, while the maximum occurs in February–April in the whole troposphere. Over the period 1994–2012, O3 has changed insignificantly (at a 95 % confidence level), except in winter where a slightly significant increase (from +0.83 [+0.13;+1.67] % yr−1 in the LT to +0.62 [+0.02;+1.22] % yr−1 in the UT, relative to the reference year 2000) is found. The O3 5th percentile shows similar upward trends at the annual scale in all three tropospheric layers. All trends remain insignificant for the O3 95th percentile. In contrast, for CO the mean as well as its 5th and 95th percentiles decrease both at the annual scale and at the seasonal scale in winter, spring and summer (although not always in all three tropospheric layers) with trends ranging between −1.22 [−2.27;−0.47] and −2.63 [−4.54;−1.42] % yr−1, relative to the reference year 2004. However, all CO trends remain insignificant in autumn. The phase of the seasonal variation of O3 was found to change in the troposphere. The O3 maxima moves forward in time at a rate of −17.8 ± 11.5 days decade−1 in the lower troposphere, in general agreement with previous studies. Interestingly, this seasonal shift is shown to persist in the mid-troposphere (−7.8 ± 4.2 days decade−1) but turns insignificant in the upper troposphere.
US surface ozone trends and extremes from 1980–2014: Quantifying the roles of rising Asian emissions, domestic controls, wildfires, and climate
Authors: Lin Meiyun , Horowitz Larry W. , Payton Richard , Fiore Arlene M. , Tonnesen Gail
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Surface ozone (O3) responds to varying global-to-regional precursor emissions, climate, and extreme weather, with implications for designing effective air quality control policies. We examine these conjoined processes with observations and global chemistry-climate model (GFDL-AM3) hindcasts over 1980–2014. The model captures the salient features of observed trends in daily maximum 8-hour average O3; (1) increases over East Asia (up to 2 ppb yr−1), (2) springtime increases at western US (WUS) rural sites (0.2–0.5 ppb yr−1) with a ‘baseline’ sampling approach, (3) summertime decreases, largest at the 95th percentile, and wintertime increases in the 50th to 5th percentiles over the eastern US (EUS). Asian NOx emissions tripled since 1990, contributing as much as 65 % to modeled springtime background O3 increases (0.3–0.5 ppb yr−1) over the WUS, outpacing O3 decreases attained via US domestic emission controls. Methane increases over this period raise WUS background O3 by 15 %. During summer, increasing Asian emissions approximately offset the effects of US emission reductions, leading to weak or insignificant observed O3 trends at WUS rural sites. While wildfire emissions can enhance summertime monthly mean O3 at individual sites by 2–8 ppb, high temperatures and the associated buildup of O3 produced from regional anthropogenic emissions contribute most to elevating observed summertime O3 throughout the USA. Rising Asian emissions and global methane under the RCP8.5 scenario increase mean springtime O3 above the WUS by ~ 10 ppb from 2010 to 2030. Historical EUS O3 decreases, driven by regional emission controls, were most pronounced in the Southeast with an earlier onset of biogenic isoprene emissions and NOx-sensitive O3 production. Regional NOx reductions also alleviated the O3 buildup during the recent heat waves of 2011 and 2012 relative to earlier heat waves (e.g., 1988; 1999). Without emission controls, the 95th percentile summertime O3 in the EUS would have increased by 0.2–0.4 ppb yr−1 over 1988–2014 due to more frequent hot extremes and rising biogenic isoprene emissions.
Effects of wintertime polluted aerosol on cloud over the Yangtze River Delta: case study
Authors: Xu Chen , Duan Junyan , Wang Yanyu , Wang Yifan , Zhu Hailin , Li Xiang , Kong Lingdong , He Qianshan , Cheng Tiantao , Chen Jianmin
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The effects of polluted aerosol on cloud are examined over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) using three-month satellite data during wintertime from December 2013 to January 2014. The relationships between aerosol properties and cloud parameters are analyzed in detail to clarify the differences of cloud development under varying aerosol and meteorology conditions. Complex relationships between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud droplet radius (CDR), liquid water path (LWP) and cloud optical thickness (COT) exists in four sub-regions. High aerosol loading (AOD) does not obviously affect the distributions of cloud LWP and COT. In fact, an inhibiting effect of aerosol occurs in coastal area for low- and medium-low clouds, more pronounced in low clouds (
The effects of environment on Arctica islandica shell formation and architecture
Authors: Milano Stefania , Nehrke Gernot , Wanamaker Jr. Alan D. , Ballesta-Artero Irene , Brey Thomas , Schöne Bernd R.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Mollusks record valuable information in their hard parts that reflect ambient environmental conditions. For this reason, shells can serve as excellent archives to reconstruct past climate and environmental variability. However, animal physiology and biomineralization, which are often poorly understood, can make the decoding of environmental signals a challenging task. Many of the routinely used shell-based proxies are sensitive to multiple different environmental and physiological variables. Therefore, the identification and interpretation of individual environmental signals (e.g. water temperature) often is particularly difficult. Additional proxies not influenced by multiple environmental variables or animal physiology would be a great asset in the field of paleoclimatology. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of structural properties of Arctica islandica shells as an environmental proxy. A total of eleven specimens were analyzed to study if changes of the microstructural organization of this marine bivalve are related to environmental conditions. In order to limit the interference of multiple parameters, the samples were cultured under controlled conditions. Three shells presented here were grown at two different water temperatures (10 °C and 15 °C) for multiple weeks and exposed only to ambient food conditions. An additional eight specimens were reared under three different dietary regimes. Shell material was analyzed with two techniques: (1) Confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) was used to quantify changes of the orientation of microstructural units and pigment distribution and (2) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect changes in microstructural organization. Our results indicate that A. islandica microstructure is not sensitive to changes in the food source, and likely, shell pigment are not altered by diet. However, seawater temperature had a statistically significant effect on the orientation of the biomineral. Although additional work is required, the results presented here suggest that the crystallographic orientation of biomineral units of A. islandica may serve as an alternative and independent proxy for seawater temperature.
Defining metrics of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in global climate
models
Authors: Schenzinger Verena , Osprey Scott , Gray Lesley , Butchart Neal
Published: December 2016

Abstract. As the dominant mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) has been subject to extensive research. Though there is a well developed theory of this phenomenon being forced by wave-mean flow interaction, simulating the QBO adequately in global climate models (GCMs) still remains difficult. This paper presents a set of metrics to characterise the QBO using a number of different reanalysis datasets and the FU Berlin radiosonde observation dataset. The same metrics are then calculated from CMIP5 and CCMVal-2 intercomparison project simulations which included a representation of QBO like behaviour to evaluate which aspects of the QBO are well captured by the models and which ones remain a challenge for future model development.
It's not always Sunny in Philadelphia: The Problem with the Pennsylvania Solar Initiatives
Authors: Alam Christina
Published: December 2016

For the past several years, the Obama administration has become increasingly vocal with regards to the need to prevent global warming and abandon fossil fuels in favor of clean energy.[1] And solar energy seems like the obvious first choice in furtherance of those goals. However, in the race for solar energy, state lawmakers should not sacrifice efficiency and welfare in favor of speedy results. Pennsylvania authorities made a mistake: by adopting one of the most aggressive solar initiatives in the country, they sacrificed hundreds of people who simply cannot afford solar technologies. Specifically, numerous reports and publications have suggested that Pennsylvania Alternative Energy Portfolio Standards, including its solar requirement, create cross subsidizing of the owners of solar panels at the expense of all other energy consumers, distorting the energy market and increasing instances of free-riding. The groups most affected are low-income populations. Pennsylvania can still, however, successfully pursue its solar initiatives subject to certain changes in its law and policy that address the negative effects of its current regime.
Smartphones, Nude Snaps, and Legal Loopholes: Why Pennsylvania Needs to Amend its Revenge Porn Statute
Authors: Griffith Vanessa Nicholle
Published: December 2016

UGotPosted.com, SnapSext.com, SnapGFs.com, snapchatleaked.com, Huntermoore.tv, etc., are websites where you do not want to find your picture.  These websites are nonconsensual pornography websites.  If you do unexpectedly find an intimate image of yourself on one of these websites—or any other porn website for that matter— your best legal recourse is through your state’s revenge porn law.  However, if your state has yet to enact one, you might have to fight a legal battle in a notoriously grey area of the law.  Pennsylvania recently enacted a revenge porn statute in 2014. But, prior to the adoption of 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3131, entitled “Unlawful Dissemination of Intimate Image,” Pennsylvania residents had to navigate through the grey area of legal recourse, such as arguing one’s case under Pennsylvania’s Invasion of Privacy statute. This new area of sexual harassment through high-tech means proved to be growing and could no longer be ignored by state legislatures.
Una aproximación a la dualidad “Derecho Constitucional y Medio Ambiente” en España, hoy
Authors: Sotelo Pérez Ignacio
Published: December 2016

A lo largo del presente ensayo nos aproximamos a la problemática ambiental actual en nuestro país, y a la enseñanza del Medio Ambiente, desde el ámbito del Derecho Constitucional. Se examina el proceso de “constitucionalización” del medio ambiente desde el Derecho y los principios ambientales, ahondando en la protección del concepto “cosa” (bienes ambientales), a través del derecho constitucional (desde el ámbito del derecho subjetivo de las personas), evaluando la denominada “crisis constitucional”, tanto por la materia que ya se encuentra regulada, como por la falta o escasez de esa regulación dentro de nuestra Carta Fundamental, así como la importancia del conocimiento de todos y cada uno de ellos con el fin de favorecer su investigación y enseñanza. Se tiene por objeto señalar que el medio ambiente, comprendido como bien constitucional, cuyo contenido y pretensiones ambientales puede ir acompañado de otros derechos mejor protegidos por el ordenamiento, y en donde con el mismo procedimiento de yuxtaposición de pretensiones, podrían articularse en nuestro ordenamiento los derechos ambientales cobijados bajo invocaciones de otros derechos constitucionales, “a priori”, con mayor grado de protección, lo que junto con las buenas disposiciones de nuestros tribunales, harían del derecho ambiental un derecho, no entendido como algo anómalo producto de una serie de necesidades y problemáticas excepcionales que tendrían que ser resueltas en un futuro, sino como una realidad que coadyuvaría a introducirlo como una materia en la que el justiciable es capaz de dar soluciones y respuestas actuales, sencillas, eficaces y rápidas.
La importancia de la gobernanza climática global y de la vigésimo primera Conferencia de las Partes en la lucha contra el Cambio Climático
Authors: Demares Mathieu
Published: December 2016

El consenso científico mundial, gracias a los numerosos estudios científicos, ha evidenciado la realidad del cambio climático y sus consecuencias socioeconómicas dramáticas. La lucha contra el cambio climático empezó siendo un problema de la ciencia para convertirse en un problema político de escala global. Para que sea efectiva la lucha contra el cambio climático se necesita una gobernanza climática global que trate de conciliar los países desarrollados y los países en desarrollo en torno a un interés común. Su éxito radica en la participación no sólo de los gobiernos de todo el mundo sino también de todos los actores no gubernamentales que ayudan a la toma de conciencia generalizada para emprender acciones locales. Se analiza la base científica que confirma que el cambio climático es una realidad y que legitima el inicio de un proceso de negociación internacional sobre cambio climático enmarcado en un régimen internacional climático complejo. Desde 1992 con la adopción de la Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático se conforma este régimen vinculante para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Será a través de la celebración de las llamadas Conferencias de las Partes que se adopten objetivos y en ciertos casos, Acuerdos internacionales que comprometan los países a mitigar el cambio climático y dotarse de financiación que les permita adaptarse a los impactos negativos del cambio climático. Nos detendremos más detenidamente en el proceso de negociación de la vigésimo primera Conferencia de las Partes celebrada en París el pasado diciembre de 2015 en la que se da un nuevo impulso para luchar contra el cambio climático por parte de los Estados y los actores no gubernamentales y es visto como un punto de inflexión en el régimen climático internacional. Su resultado, como punto de inflexión y momento histórico, hace del Acuerdo internacional de París una de las únicas oportunidades para mitigar y adaptarse al cambio climático a nivel global. De esta manera será posible evitar que acontezcan los peores escenarios previstos para el futuro. ¿Seremos capaces de salvarnos?
Sostenibilidad en el modelo de desarrollo de Nunavut (Canadá)
Authors: Barale Julie
Published: December 2016

En el presente trabajo se hace un análisis del modelo de desarrollo de Nunavut, Canadá. Se analiza, en primer lugar, el cambio climático que sufre la región ártica y sus consecuencias a nivel medioambiental, pero también a nivel de las relaciones internacionales entre los Estados ribereños, incluyendo tensiones y cooperación. Es en este contexto internacional y medioambiental en el que analizamos el modelo de desarrollo de Nunavut. Después de estudiar el inmenso y aislado territorio de Nunavut, nos centraremos sobre la población Inuit de Nunavut y su problemática asociada. Proponemos entonces un modelo de desarrollo sostenible, basado principalmente sobre la vertiente social del concepto de desarrollo sostenible, en la cual es esencial luchar contra la inseguridad alimentaria, resolver el trauma histórico de la sedentarización forzada, así como también es importante paliar el desarrollo de comportamientos de riesgo, en particular la elevada tasa de suicidio.
El aporte fundamental de la trilogía del derecho-jurisprudencia-política ambiental. Protección de los servicios ecosistémicos en Argentina
Authors: Capaldo Griselda , Minaverry Clara María
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo tiene por objeto hacer un análisis legal y jurisprudencial de los servicios ecosistémicos brindados por bosques y humedales en la Argentina en el período 2000-2012. Hemos utilizado: a) la observación documental (de normas y jurisprudencia); b) la observación directa; c) el método de estudio de casos; y d) el análisis comparativo-descriptivo. La recogida de datos primarios y secundarios denota una ausencia de políticas públicas en torno a los servicios ecosistémicos en el ámbito analizado. Tampoco hay decisión política sobre el pago de estos servicios, por ende, su valoración económica es subjetiva y aleatoria ya que –al no haber parámetros legales preestablecidos– resulta difícil determinar equitativamente para la sociedad y la protección de la naturaleza. El trabajo concluye con una propuesta de política ambiental basada en los procesos de fitorremediación para mejorar la calidad del agua en entornos de ribera fluvial boscosa.
El reconocimiento del Estatuto de Refugiado por la afectación a Derechos Fundamentales como consecuencia del Cambio Climático
Authors: Ferro Mauricio
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo busca analizar el problema del cambio climático y sus consecuencias en la movilidad humana y la vulneración de derechos fundamentales ocasionada por los desplazamientos forzados que ocurren como resultado de este proceso antropógeno, poniendo en evidencia la desprotección jurídica existente en relación a los refugiados climáticos y realizando una aproximación al término “refugiado climático”. Adicionalmente se analiza el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano en lo referente al mandato constitucional y el Proyecto de Ley de Movilidad Humana en el contexto del cambio climático.
The School Counselor Leading (Social) Entrepreneurship within High Schools
Authors: Cuervo Gemma , Alvarez Isabel
Published: December 2016

This article aims to determine the role that should exercise a School Counselor in social entrepreneurship education programs. To achieve this objective, first, we have analyzed the main approaches of these programs that are being carried out currently in Europe, which has allowed getting a concrete and contextualized idea about the status of the situation and studies done until the present day. Secondly, we have been held a qualitative research based on the realization of three semi-structured interviews to three specialists involved in entrepreneurship educational programs from different levels. After analyzing the data, it was concluded that the most viable option for achieving the target would be including a proposal about a program of entrepreneurship education in which the functions carried out by the professional would be in a detailed, contextualized and well defined situation. This program has been designed to develop in a secondary school and tries to compensate the difficulties and limitations of the environment for its implementation. The importance of this research lies in the fact that the number of studies on the subject is very little and there are very few focused on the value that can bring School Counselors and the role they should play in these entrepreneurship education programs.