bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy savings for a junior high school classroom that actively uses daylighting and sensitivity study on the effect of the building envelope thermal performance
Authors: Affa Nur Yuniar , Yoon Gyuyoung , Sato Takahiro
Published: September 2022

This paper analyzes the energy‐saving potential of lighting, including its effect on heating and cooling, and analyzes the effect of the thermal performance of a building on the annual energy consumption of a classroom actively using daylighting. The subject of this study is M Junior High School, located in Gifu, Japan. This school has a classroom design with a sloping roof, allowing the installation of large windows from north to south. The window‐to‐wall ratio of 56% for the south wall and 41% for the north wall takes advantage of daylight. Simulation results of illuminance in the classroom were validated through comparison with field measurement data. The result demonstrated that daylight utilization decreases lighting electric power consumption by 66.6% when artificial lighting is controlled in the classroom. The results confirmed that there was no significant heat load increase for heating and cooling even though the window surface area was larger than that of a typical classroom. The sensitivity study showed that the thermal performance of the building envelope mainly affects the heating energy consumption, but it has no significant effect on cooling and lighting energy consumption. In terms of the thermal performance of the building envelope and the amount of energy saving by daylight utilization, it is necessary to consider the appropriate thermal performance to determine cost‐effectiveness.
Extracellular Matrix Modulates Outgrowth Dynamics in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Alshehri Sarah , Pavlovič Tonja , Farsinejad Sadaf , Behboodi Panteha , Quan Li , Centeno Daniel , Kung Douglas , Rezler Marta , Lee Woo , Jasiński Piotr , Dziabaszewska Elżbieta , Nowak‐Markwitz Ewa , Kalyon Dilhan , Zaborowski Mikołaj P. , Iwanicki Marcin
Published: September 2022

Ovarian carcinoma (OC) forms outgrowths that extend from the outer surface of an afflicted organ into the peritoneum. OC outgrowth formation is poorly understood due to the limited availability of cell culture models examining the behavior of cells that form outgrowths. Prompted by immunochemical evaluation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in human tissues, laminin and collagen‐rich ECM‐reconstituted cell culture models amenable to studies of cell clusters that can form outgrowths are developed. It is demonstrated that ECM promotes outgrowth formation in fallopian tube non‐ciliated epithelial cells (FNE) expressing mutant p53 and various OC cell lines. Outgrowths are initiated by cells that underwent outward translocation and retained the ability to intercalate into mesothelial cell monolayers. Electron microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments reveal that increased ECM levels led to increased fibrous network thickness and high shear elasticity of the microenvironment. These physical characteristics are associated with outgrowth suppression. The low ECM microenvironment mimicks the viscoelasticity of malignant peritoneal fluid (ascites) and supports cell proliferation, cell translocation, and outgrowth formation. These results highlight the importance of the ECM microenvironment in modulating OC growth and can provide additional insights into the mode of dissemination of primary and recurrent ovarian tumors.
Strong Electronic Metal–Support Interaction between Iridium Single Atoms and a WO3 Support Promotes Highly Efficient and Robust CO2 Cycloaddition
Authors: Xu Jie , Xu Heng , Dong Anqi , Zhang Hao , Zhou Yitong , Dong Hao , Tang Bo , Liu Yifei , Zhang Lexi , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun , Bie Lijian , Dai Sheng , Wang Yuhang , Sun Xuhui , Li Yanguang
Published: September 2022

The carbon dioxide (CO2) cycloaddition of epoxides to cyclic carbonates is of great industrial importance owing to the high economical values of its products. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have great potential in CO2 cycloaddition by virtue of their high atom utilization efficiency and desired activity, but they generally suffer from poor reaction stability and catalytic activity arising from the weak interaction between the active centers and the supports. In this work, Ir single atoms stably anchored on the WO3 support (Ir1–WO3) are developed with a strong electronic metal–support interaction (EMSI). Superior CO2 cycloaddition is realized in the Ir1–WO3 catalyst via the EMSI effect: 100% conversion efficiency for the CO2 cycloaddition of styrene oxide to styrene carbonate after 15 h at 40 °C and excellent stability with no degradation even after ten reaction cycles for a total of more than 150 h. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the EMSI effect results in significant charge redistribution between the Ir single atoms and the WO3 support, and consequently lowers the energy barrier associated with epoxide ring opening. This work furnishes new insights into the catalytic mechanism of CO2 cycloaddition and would guide the design of stable SACs for efficient CO2 cycloaddition reactions.
Analog Memristor of Lead‐Free Cs4CuSb2Cl12 Layered Double Perovskite Nanocrystals as Solid‐State Electronic Synapse for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Parveen Sumaiya , Manamel Litty Thomas , Mukherjee Arka , Sagar Srikrishna , Das Bikas C.
Published: September 2022

Brain‐inspired artificial neural networks and neuromorphic computing are taking space to a new height based on solid‐state memristor devices. Despite considerable progress already made, the use of lead‐free double perovskite materials with direct bandgap can be recognized as a significant paradigm shift in this field. Here, growth, thin film deposition, and analog electroforming‐free resistive switching property along with promising artificial synaptic and neural activities of lead‐free layered cesium copper antimony chloride (Cs4CuSb2Cl12 or CCAC) double perovskite nanocrystals are reported. Optical and structural characterizations of CCAC microcrystals (MCs) and nanocrystals (NCs) confirm the growth, the existence of direct bandgap, and <111> oriented monoclinic crystal phase of space group C2/m. Interestingly, both the MCs and NCs display an almost equal bandgap of 1.1 eV in thin film even though they have higher bandgaps of 1.3 and 2.2 eV in dispersion, respectively. However, devices of NC thin film exhibit superior memristor behavior along with emulation of various synaptic and neural activities due to having less number of defects. Finally, the analog modulation of synaptic weight using CCAC memristor, in terms of postsynaptic currents, during potentiation and depression represents a significant achievement toward hardware implementation of neural networks and neuromorphic computing.
3D Flower‐Like Carbon Spheres with Hierarchical Pore Structure: An Efficient Asphaltene‐Based Metal‐Free Catalyst for ORR
Authors: Qin Fangfang , Zuo Pingping , Li Na , Qu Shijie , Shen Wenzhong
Published: September 2022

3D carbon superstructures assembled from low‐dimensional segments can inherit the specific properties of their building blocks and gain certain unconventional advantages that make them attractive candidates for electrocatalysts. Furthermore, hierarchical pores and nitrogen doping are effective strategies to enhance carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts. Based on this, 3D flower‐like carbon spheres with a micro‐meso‐macroporous hierarchical pore structure constructed from 2D porous nanosheets are designed and developed using asphaltene as carbon precursor in this work. The high specific surface area and hierarchical pore structure of the prepared catalyst maximize exposure of the active sites and facilitate the penetration of electrolytes and the rapid transport of ions and O2, thus improving its oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. It shows good ORR properties in both acid and alkaline electrolyte with Eon of 0.77 and 0.98 V, and E1/2 of 0.60 and 0.833 V, respectively. When the catalyst is assembled into zinc–air battery, it shows a specific capacity of 797 mAh g–1 and an open‐circuit voltage of 1.544 V. Furthermore, the assembled battery displays good cyclic stability with stable charge and discharge exceeding 150 h at 5 mA cm–2.
Interfacial Enhanced 1D–2D Composite toward Mechanically Robust Strain Sensors
Authors: Shang Kedong , Yang Tingting , Guo Chuanfei , Pu Xiaobo , Zhang Yong , Lu Xulei , He Changliu , Zhou Jian , Wu Lei , Yu Bingjun , Jiang Liang , Qian Linmao
Published: September 2022

Flexible sensors with the ability to precisely detect the full range of tiny strain (less than 0.1%), small strain (within 1%), and large strain (≈50%) are in significant demand to satisfy the requirements for electronic skin applications. More importantly, the sensor performance is required to be accurate and reliable when operating in some unconstrained environments, such as excessive extension, high bending, torsion, and scratching impact. However, it remains challenging to meet all these requirements simultaneously in a single strain sensor. Herein, an ultrathin composite film composed of reduced oxide (rGO) and carbon tube (CNT) is prepared, and then transferred onto a modified elastomer polydimethylsiloxane surface that forms strong hydrogen bond interaction with the film. The as‐fabricated sensor achieves wide range and high sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) ≈ 105, 160, and 310 in the strain regions of 0–25%, 25–40%, and 40–50%, respectively). More importantly, the proposed strain sensor performs mechanical robustness, low hysteresis, scratch resistance due to the effective improvement of interfacial slipping and delamination. The sensor can be used to monitor human physiological information, including pulse waveforms in a variety of wrist postures and acoustic vibration signal (≈7 kHz).
Integrated Zr‐MOF/NH4TiOF3Bilayer Coating on Magnesium for Controllable Corrosion, Cytocompatibility, and Drug Delivery Multifunctionalities
Authors: Liu Xiaobang , Fan Dehong , Qi Kai , Chen Zhenyu , Qiu Yubing , Guo Xingpeng
Published: September 2022

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys biodegrade safely in human body for implant applications. The major bottleneck inhibiting their clinical utilizations is the high corrosion rate. Modification with anticorrosive and bioactive coatings is an ideal strategy to break the bottleneck. In this study, a multifunctional coating constructed by Zr‐based metal–organic framework UiO‐66‐NH2(UiO) and ammonium trifluorotitanate NH4TiOF3(NTiF) bilayers (UiO/NTiF) is fabricated onto Mg matrix through facile solvothermal method. The inner NTiF layer can be designed to the adjustable crystal structure with different anticorrosion effects, realizing the controllable corrosion of Mg matrix. The outer UiO layer is capable to further boost the corrosion protection; meanwhile it endows the drug delivery property owing to the intramolecular porosity and functional groups of MOFs. The UiO/NTiF coating appears highly effective in controlling the corrosion and retaining the mechanical integrity of Mg matrix as well as maintaining high bonding integrity. The cytocompatibility assays demonstrate the enhanced cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation on UiO/NTiF coating. The loading/releasing behavior of ibuprofen molecule and density functional theory calculations are performed to investigate the drug delivery of UiO/NTiF coating. This study would shed valuable breakthroughs for design of functional coatings for biodegradable metals and promote extensive applications of MOFs in biomaterials.
Construction of Antibacterial, Superwetting, Catalytic, and Porous Lignocellulosic Nanofibril Composites for Wastewater Purification
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhou Ningyu , Shi Yanhua , Ma Yang , An Congcong , Li Jian , Jiang Wei , Wang Chengyu , Shi Junyou
Published: September 2022

To simultaneously dispose bacteria, dyes and oils in complex wastewater, the construction of antibacterial, superwetting, catalytic and porous lignocellulosic nanofibril composites are introduced. As‐prepared CPA composites consist of Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles, lignocellulosic nanofibril and polyvinyl alcohol under crosslinking of glutaraldehyde. Specifically, a superwetting CPA membrane with oil contact angle (OCA) of 159° ± 2° is prepared by vacuum filtrating and freeze‐drying methods, while a superwetting CPA aerogel (OCA: 156° ± 2°) is directly obtained via freeze‐drying the nanocomposite suspension. Such CPA membrane has a higher oil‐water separation efficiency (98.95%), and CPA aerogel displays a better dye degradation capacity (98.8%) under sunlight. Notably, the aerogel can withstand 2299 times of its own weight without deformation in air, but squash 22% of its own height and return to its original state underwater. Modified CPA aerogel gains an opposite superwetting property with water contact angle (WCA) of 147° ± 2° and a stronger oil adsorption capacity (37.6 g g‐1) than modified CPA membrane (WCA: 151° ± 2°). Besides, CPA composites shows remarkable durability (toward acid, alkali, brine solution, and friction test) and excellent antibacterial properties (against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli). Predictably, this strategy may significantly simplify and accelerate the purification of complex wastewater, and offer more options for different application scenarios.
High Quantum Efficiency of Stable Sb‐Based Perovskite‐Like Halides toward White Light Emission and Flexible X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Mo Qionghua , Qian Qingkai , Shi Yingrui , Cai Wensi , Zhao Shuangyi , Zang Zhigang
Published: September 2022

Although low‐dimensional hybrid metal halides have emerged as promising light emitters due to their broadband emission originated from self‐trapped exciton (STE), the synthesis of lead‐free halides with high photoluminescence quantum yield remains a challenge. Herein, a series of new luminescent single crystals of antimony‐based metal halides [Na(DMSO)2]3SbBr6−xClx (x = 0, 2, 3, 4, 6) is synthesized. By optimizing the ratio of Br and Cl, [Na(DMSO)2]3SbBr3Cl3 exhibits an ultra‐broadband yellow light emission peaking at 606 nm with a full width at half‐maximum of 160 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 90.6%. Both experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that STE emission is responsible for the ultra‐broadband yellow light emission. Furthermore, blue LED chip‐pumped white light‐emitting diodes by using the yellow‐emitting [Na(DMSO)2]3SbBr3Cl3 are demonstrated, showing a correlated color temperature of 3948 K and a color rendering index of 85. Finally, a large‐size and flexible [Na(DMSO)2]3SbBr3Cl3 scintillator used for X‐ray imaging is prepared by a template assembled method, exhibiting a high spatial resolution of 15.5 lp mm−1 and a low detection limit of 285.8 nGyair s−1. This work highlights the potential of Sb‐based halides in solid‐state illumination and X‐ray imaging.
Hybrid Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production: The Effect of Fluorine on Optoelectronic Properties of Conjugated Porous Polymers
Authors: Gomez‐Mendoza Miguel , Pintado‐Sierra Mercedes , Monterde Cristina , Barawi Mariam , Sánchez Félix , Iglesias Marta , de la Peña O'Shea Víctor A. , Liras Marta
Published: September 2022

Phenanthrenequinone (PhQ) based Conjugated Porous Polymers (CPPs) are synthetized without and with the presence of fluorine atoms in the trisubstituted core benzene unit (CPP‐FPA and CPP‐PA). Furthermore, organic‐inorganic hybrid heterojunctions based on these CPPs and TiO2 as inorganic semiconductor are prepared (CPP‐FPA@T‐10 and CPP‐PA@T‐10, with the polymer loading ≈10 wt.%). The photonic efficiency for H2 photoproduction is 33% higher when the CPP has fluorine atoms. This enhancement is even higher in presence of 1 wt.% platinum as co‐catalyst. Thus, the Pt/CPP‐FPA@T‐10 hybrid (≈31.7 mmol g–1 h–1 and 11.7% of photonic efficiency) presents H2 production nearly twice than that of the nonfluorinated hybrid Pt/CPP‐PA@T‐10 (≈16.6 mmol g–1 h–1 and 6.1% of photonic efficiency) and 3.5‐times higher than that of the Pt/TiO2 (≈8.9 mmol g–1 h–1 and 3.29% of photonic efficiency) photocatalyst. Charge dynamics studies show that both hybrid heterojunctions exhibit a direct Z‐scheme charge transfer mechanism, and the presence of fluorine atoms in the CPP structure leads to an increasing charge separation lifetime which is in accordance with the better performance in H2 production. These findings on fluorine doping provide essential clues for the design of structure electronic engineered CPPs for energy conversion and storage technologies.
Palladium Based Microwave Resonant Hydrogen Sensor
Authors: Boybay Muhammed S. , Cicek Kenan
Published: September 2022

As the surge for renewable and clean energy resources increases, new challenges emerge. One of the challenges related to the use of hydrogen as a clean energy source is safety. In this study, a microwave hydrogen sensor has been presented for detection of hydrogen leakage. An analytical model is developed and the performance of the sensor is investigated using numerical analysis tools. It has been shown that with optimal geometrical parameters of the sensor structure, a wide range of sensitivity levels depending on a wide range of Q‐factor can be achieved. Utilizing a palladium disk with a radius of 750 μm can detect hydrogen with a sensitivity as high as 30 MHz per % hydrogen when μm. Average error between analytical model and numerical results is 0.23%. With reference to this work, it is believed that more compact and sensitive microwave hydrogen sensors will be produced for future uses.
Systematic review of real‐world persistence and adherence in subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Park Michelle J. , Kapoor Shrey , Yi Julie , Hura Nanki , Lin Sandra Y.
Published: September 2022

Background

Given that subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) adherence in the literature is often studied in closely monitored trials, few studies report real‐world SCIT adherence. The purpose of this review is to assess SCIT adherence in real‐world settings.

Methods

A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus for real‐world studies examining SCIT adherence was performed. Paired investigators independently reviewed all articles. For this review, “persistence” was defined as continuing therapy and not being lost to follow‐up after initiating SCIT, and “adherence” defined as persistence in accordance with prescribed SCIT dose, dosing schedule, and duration. Article quality was first assessed using a modified Newcastle‐Ottawa scale and then converted to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality standards (good, fair, and poor).

Results

The search yielded 1596 nonduplicate abstracts, from which 17 articles (n = 263,221 patients) met inclusion criteria. Fourteen (82%) studies reported persistence rates, ranging from 16.0% to 93.7%. Seven (41%) studies reported adherence rates, ranging from 15.1% to 99%. Five (29%) studies (n = 416 patients) collected original data on reasons for discontinuing SCIT, of which inconvenience was most cited. All studies were Oxford level of evidence 2b and of good (n = 10) to fair (n = 7) quality.

Conclusion

Real‐world SCIT persistence and adherence rates are poor, with the majority of included studies reporting rates <80%; however, they range widely, explained in part by inter‐study differences in measuring and reporting adherence‐related findings. Future studies on SCIT adherence may benefit from following concordant definitions of persistence and adherence in addition to standardized reporting metrics.
One‐pot synthesis of POM‐CaO2@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles with self‐supply of H2O2 for electrically enhanced chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Sun Tiedong , Yue Zhengya , Song Yan , Ni Jiatong , Wang Wenxin , Zhao Junge , Li Jialun , Sun Yuan , Li Bin
Published: September 2022

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a highly effective clinical treatment strategy based on the Fenton or Fenton‐like responses. However, its efficacy has been greatly limited by the complex tumor microenvironment, TME, such as the low levels of H2O2 and the overexpression of the glutathione (GSH). Polyoxometalates (POMs) are compounds that consist of anionic transition metal oxide clusters, such as tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo), and notably, these compounds have excellent redox properties in biological systems that can be utilized therapeutically. Therefore, POM‐CaO2@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized and used as a mediator to develop an electrically enhanced CDT strategy. It is hoped that the simultaneous modulation of endogenous (the H2O2 generated by CaO2 NPs and GSH depletion by POM) and exogenous (Electric, E) stimulation enhanced Fenton‐like responses will lead to better therapeutic results. Such a treatment strategy has shown excellent tumor cell killing effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
Gout and Excess Risk of Severe SARS–CoV‐2 Infection Among Vaccinated Individuals: A General Population Study
Authors: Xie Dongxing , Choi Hyon K. , Dalbeth Nicola , Wallace Zachary S. , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Lu Na , Zeng Chao , Li Xiaoxiao , Wei Jie , Lei Guanghua , Zhang Yuqing
Published: September 2022

Objective

Gout patients often have multiple comorbidities, making them susceptible to SARS–CoV‐2 infection and poor outcomes. This study was undertaken to examine the association between gout and the risk of SARS–CoV‐2 infection and severe outcomes, especially in patients who have received a SARS–CoV‐2 vaccine.

Methods

We conducted 2 cohort studies using The Health Improvement Network in the UK. Individuals with gout and those without gout from the general population were followed up from December 8, 2020 to October 31, 2021. We estimated the rate difference (RD) and hazard ratio (HR) of SARS–CoV‐2 infection and severe outcomes (i.e., hospitalization and death within 30 days after SARS–CoV‐2 infection) for individuals with gout versus those without gout using a Cox proportional hazards model according to SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination status. We adjusted for potential confounders by using overlap weighting of exposure scores.

Results

Among the vaccinated cohort, 1,955 cases of breakthrough COVID‐19 infection occurred in 54,576 individuals with gout (4.68 cases per 1,000 person‐months), and 52,468 cases occurred in 1,336,377 individuals without gout (3.76 cases per 1,000 person‐months). The partially adjusted RD of breakthrough infection was 0.91 cases per 1,000 person‐months (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.62–1.20 cases per 1,000 person‐months), and the partially adjusted HR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.19–1.30). Gout was also associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.30 [95% CI 1.10–1.53]) and death (adjusted HR 1.36 [95% CI 0.87–2.13]). Women with gout had an increased risk of hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.55 [95% CI 1.15–2.10]) and death (adjusted HR 2.46 [95% CI 1.12–5.41]). Similar associations with gout were observed in the unvaccinated cohort.

Conclusion

These general population data suggest that individuals with gout, especially women, have higher risks of SARS–CoV‐2 infection and severe outcomes, even when vaccinated.

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Enhancing topological information of the Lyapunov‐based distributed model predictive control design for large‐scale nonlinear systems
Authors: He Wenke , Li Shaoyuan
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a distributed model predictive control architecture based on graph theory for integrated large‐scale nonlinear process systems is proposed. This architecture is first agglomerated using popular community detection techniques and then organized on account of the relative master–slave relationship according to the ample information of interactions among separate subsystems. Both sequential and iterative distributed nonlinear model predictive coordination forms are considered for the reduction of the communication and computational burden within an acceptable loss of performance. Furthermore, the control performance of the large‐scale integrated system could be improved to some extent under the architecture and the communication strategy we propose, whereby a brave exploration is made on the relationship between the control structure and the control performance, ulteriorly obtaining some notable results towards the untapped territory. The effectiveness of the proposed coordination method is evaluated by a standard reactor‐separator process system.
Manipulation of mRNA translation elongation influences the fragmentation of a biotherapeutic Fc‐fusion protein produced in CHO cells
Authors: Knight Tanya J. , Povey Jane F. , Vito Davide , Mohindra Atul , Jaques Colin M. , Smales C. Mark
Published: September 2022

Mammalian cells, particularly Chinese hamster ovary cells, are the dominant system for the production of protein‐based biotherapeutics, however, product degradation, particularly of Fc‐fusion proteins, is sometimes observed that impacts the quality of the protein generated. Here, we identify the site of fragmentation of a model immunoglobulin G1 Fc‐fusion protein, show that the observed clipping and aggregation are decreased by reduced temperature culturing, that the fragmentation/clipping is intracellular, and that reduced clipping at a lower temperature (<37°C) relates to mesenger RNA (mRNA) translation elongation. We subsequently show that reduced fragmentation can be achieved at 37°C by addition of chemical reagents that slow translation elongation. We then modified mRNA translation elongation speeds by designing different transcript sequences for the Fc‐fusion protein based on alternative codon usage and improved the product yield at 37°C, and the ratio of intact to a fragmented product. Our data suggest that rapid elongation results in misfolding that decreases product fidelity, generating a region susceptible to degradation/proteolysis, whilst the slowing of mRNA translation improves the folding, reducing susceptibility to fragmentation. Manipulation of mRNA translation and/or the target Fc‐fusion transcript is, therefore, an approach that can be applied to potentially reduce fragmentation of clipping‐prone Fc‐fusion proteins.
Exploratory application of an integrated topic‐based curriculum in biochemistry experimental teaching
Authors: Chen Yingfei , Ding Wenyong , Xu Yuefei , Li Sheng , Zhang Wenli
Published: September 2022

Biochemistry, a complicated basic course in health sciences, plays a fundamental role in describing pathogenic mechanism of illness in molecular terms, and is required to be learned for all medical students. Due to various obstacles to biochemistry learning and teaching, there is a pressing issue of curriculum reform to arouse the student's enthusiasm in biochemistry learning. In this study, an integrated topic‐based biochemistry training program (TBBTP) combining the traditional lectures, question‐based learning and experimental practices, was introduced in biochemistry teaching. Its effectiveness was evaluated through examination and questionnaire analyses. Consequently, we found that TBBTP promoted the dissemination of biochemical knowledge via traditional lecture, designated learning issues and experimental practices, and acquisition of various skills through practical operation, presentation, and independent learning. It motivated students to study biochemistry with intense interest and enthusiasm. This study explored the feasibility of the topic‐based biochemistry teaching as a supplement to biochemistry curriculum in medical education and as a mainstream pedagogy in biochemistry lab.
Mobile semi‐physical experiment platform using ultra‐compact real‐time simulator Pocket Bench for power electronics courses
Authors: Shen Lei , Bian Xiuli
Published: September 2022

The potential electrical hazard, the unreal experience, and the time‐space inflexibility of the existing practical learning equipment are the barriers to the development of power electronics courses. To address these, this article introduces a mobile semi‐physical experiment platform using Pocket Bench. The Pocket Bench is an ultra‐compact Hardware‐In‐the‐Loop real‐time simulator, which can emulate the power electronic circuit with a 1.25 μs time step, and provide real‐time response signals to the physical controller. As the dangerous electrical power flow in the power electronic circuit is emulated in real‐time, the electrical hazards are eliminated. In practical learning, the students can implement the semi‐physical experiment system quickly by connecting the physical controller to the simulator. With the physical controller reserved, the students can get hands‐on experiences with the real hardware. More importantly, the palm‐size, lightweight simulator can be put into the pocket, and it can be directly powered by the universal serial bus port. Therefore, the semi‐physical experiment platform using Pocket Bench can be deployed with high time‐space flexibility. The distinctive features and the deployment method for the platform are illustrated. The application cases regarding the direct current (DC)‐DC converter, rectifier, and inverter are also given. A student survey concerning the feasibility, fidelity, and flexibility of the simulator was also conducted. The results show that the Pocket Bench grants the students new capabilities to safely carry out the practical learning of power electronics anytime, anywhere, with high‐fidelity sensory experience.
The unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse, self‐injury and suicide ideation: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation
Authors: Roley‐Roberts Michelle E. , Charak Ruby , Jeffs Adelina J. , Hovey Joseph D.
Published: September 2022

Child sexual abuse (CSA) has serious short‐term and long‐term effects, including non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI). One possible thread linking CSA to NSSI and suicide risk is emotion dysregulation. The current study assessed whether facets of emotion dysregulation mediated relations of NSSI behaviours and functions, and SI. Participants (N = 121; Mean age = 18.69, age‐range 18–22; 78 per cent female), college students with a history of childhood trauma, completed an online survey. Results indicated that facets of emotion dysregulation (i.e. clarity, non‐acceptance) mediated the relationship between CSA and SI. CSA was associated with automatic negative reinforcement, social negative and social positive reinforcement NSSI functions, but was not associated with NSSI behaviours. Emotion dysregulation facets did not mediate the relationship between CSA and NSSI functions. Findings highlight the need to help CSA survivors have clarity and acceptance of emotional experiences to reduce SI risk.

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not‐for‐profit sectors.
Inhibition of Alzheimer's Aβ1‐42 Fibrillogenesis and Removal of Copper Ions by Polypeptides Modified Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Sheng Xingxin , Xie Hao , Zhou Sisi , Zhong Ming , Liu An
Published: September 2022

Aggregation and fibrillation of β‐amyloid peptides (Aβ) as well as accumulation of toxic metal ions have been believed to be the central events to cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, an attractive therapeutic tactic for AD is to design and synthesize inhibitors and metal chelators to prevent Aβ aggregation and chelate toxic metal ions. In this study, the polypeptide functionalized gold nanoparticles (PFGNP) were obtained by modifying polypeptides Cys‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐Leu‐Pro‐Phe‐Phe‐Asp (CGGGLPFFD) and Cys‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐His (CGGGGGH) onto gold nanoparticles through gold‐sulfur bond. The inhibitory properties of PFGNP toward Aβ1‐42 fibril formation was assessed by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence method and corroborated by atomic force microscopy analysis. The ability of PFGNP to complex copper ions was studied by electrochemical method. The experimental results reveal that PFGNP can effectively chelate copper ions and significantly inhibit the fibrillation of Aβ1‐42. Moreover, PFGNP exhibits significantly protective effect on Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity toward human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells.
A New 7‐Azaindole Structure Analog: Molecular Docking, Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Activity in Vitro for Anticancer
Authors: Zhan Yifeng , Tong Hang , He Shibo , Zhu Hongda , Guo Huiling , Sun Hongmei , Liu Mingxing
Published: September 2022

In this work, a series of 7‐azaindole analogs were designed by the bioisosteric principle based on the pharmacodynamic parent nucleus. Moreover, 5‐[(5‐chloro‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl)methyl]‐N‐{[6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridin‐3‐yl]methyl}pyrimidin‐2‐amine (compound P1) with the strongest interaction with colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF‐1R) was screened by molecular docking. Compound P1 was successfully prepared by the six‐step reaction with HPLC purity of 99.26 % and characterized by 1H‐NMR and ESI‐MS spectra. In vitro bioactivity study showed that compound P1 appeared the cytotoxicity to MCF‐7 and A549 cells, especially to HOS cells (IC50=88.79±8.07 nM), while it had lower toxicity to normal L929 cells (IC50=140.49±8.03 μM). In addition, compound P1 could induce HOS cell death by apoptosis and blocking the G0/G1 phase at nanomolar concentrations. The obtained results indicated that compound P1 might be a promising candidate compound for anticancer drug.
SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve in patients with borderline annulus: “stretched better than bigger?”
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Cardaioli Francesco
Published: September 2022

Key Points

CT scan is the preferred imaging tool for pre‐procedural planning in TAVR patients, thanks to its reproducible and precise measurements. However, subjects with borderline annular dimensions remain a challenging setting without a standardized approach.

In this analysis, 336 patients with borderline annuli who underwent TAVR with BE valves were included. Outcomes of subjects who received either undersized and overexpanded (OE) devices or nominally sized valves were compared. Patients with smaller OE devices showed better clinical 1‐year outcomes and comparable 1‐year echocardiographic findings.

Waiting for further studies, the implantation of smaller OE devices in patients with borderline annular dimensions seems safe and efficient. However, no definite conclusions should be drawn up until stronger randomized data will be available in this setting.
Turndown for coronary artery bypass surgery: Never say never to revascularization
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Dupont Allison
Published: September 2022

In this issue of Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, Farag et al. reported their experience comparing patients with acute coronary syndrome versus stable angina patients who were turned down for bypass surgery and subsequently treated with coronary stenting (1).
Revealing the Doping Effect of Cu2+ on SrSnO3 Perovskite Oxides for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wang Yanying , Wang Zhenlin , Wang Dan , Mao Junjun , Zhang Chenchen , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2022

In this study, SrSnO3, 0.5 wt %‐SS and 1 wt %‐SS (SrSnO3 loaded with 0.5 wt % Cu2+ and 1 wt % Cu2+, respectively) catalysts were designed using a simple and versatile strategy to investigate the changes of products selectivity in CO2 electroreduction (CER) induced by doping Cu2+ on SrSnO3 perovskite oxide. Both SrSnO3 and 0.5 wt %‐SS showed a consistent trend for the selectivity of HCOOH. While 1 wt %‐SS showed a significant change in product selectivity and the FECO reached a maximum at −1.53 V with a value of 49 %. The sufficient Cu2+ loaded on the surface of 1 wt %‐SS worked as the actual active sites during the CER and adjusted the pathway of product generation of SrSnO3 in the CER process, subsequently promoting the generation of CO and achieving regulation of the CER product selectivity. This work may stimulate more attention on the design of the Cu‐based perovskite oxide catalyst for CER.
Phomoxanthone A Targets ATP Synthase
Authors: Ali Rameez , Parelkar Sangram S. , Thompson Paul R. , Mitroka‐Batsford Susan , Yerramilli Siddartha , Scarlata Suzanne F. , Mistretta Katelyn S. , Coburn Jeannine M. , Mattson Anita E.
Published: September 2022

Phomoxanthone A is a naturally occurring molecule and a powerful anti‐cancer agent, although its mechanism of action is unknown. To facilitate the determination of its biological target(s), we used affinity‐based labelling using a phomoxanthone A probe. Labelled proteins were pulled down, subjected to chemoproteomics analysis using LC‐MS/MS and ATP synthase was identified as a likely target. Mitochondrial ATP synthase was validated in cultured cells lysates and in live intact cells. Our studies show sixty percent inhibition of ATP synthase by 260 μM phomoxanthone A.
Pore‐network modelling of combined molecular diffusion and gravity drainage mechanisms in a porous matrix block: The competitive role of driving forces
Authors: Mohammadi Ahmad , Rasaei Mohammad Reza , Mashayekhizadeh Vahid , Nakhaee Ali
Published: September 2022

A large part of the world's hydrocarbon resources are located in fractured reservoirs, and mass transfer phenomena play a crucial role in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery from these reservoirs. Pore‐network models have been widely used to study kinetic and pore‐scale micro‐mechanisms. Molecular diffusion involves mass transfer and liquid–vapour phase change and can be simulated by a modified invasion percolation model. Despite the existence of separate pore‐scale studies on molecular diffusion and gravity drainage, no articles have been published that evaluate the combined effect of both mechanisms. This study investigates the competitive roles of the two phenomena and the effective factors controlling each mechanism with the aid of pore‐network models. According to the results obtained, gravity drainage and molecular diffusion would have a synergic effect when they are simultaneously active. Although for a single‐component liquid system, there would be a capillary holdup residual saturation in the pure gravity drainage process (between 11% and 14% for the evaluated cases) and a slow and lengthy evaporation in pure molecular diffusion (between 47% and 57% longer for the cases under study), our investigation revealed that when the two mechanisms coexist, a faster process with no residual liquid is expected. Our findings clarify that when the system is strongly gravity dominated, the liquid body remains integrated, gas–liquid contact recedes in a piston‐like manner, and three‐stage liquid desaturation is observed. Furthermore, highly clustered liquid saturation is observed in strongly capillary‐dominated systems, and the liquid desaturation curve in a capillary‐dominated model has two distinguishable stages. The competitive contribution of gravity drainage and molecular diffusion as the main driving forces of liquid extraction from a single‐block model is quantified for the entire period of desaturation. Depending on the dominance of the production mechanisms, the process is either gravity‐assisted molecular diffusion or diffusion‐assisted gravity drainage.
A sustainable bio‐adsorbent for thermal energy storage for space heating applications
Authors: Shervani Suboohi , Riad Ikram , Strong Curtis , Tezel F. Handan
Published: September 2022

Thermal energy storage is an emerging technology that allows the storage of heat when it is available, which can be used later. One of the available technologies for thermal energy storage is the adsorption of moisture from air by adsorbents. Several adsorbents have been studied in the literature for this application, but there is a need for a sustainable adsorbent that can be eco‐friendly, cost effective, and available for scale‐up for commercialization of the technology. The current paper focused on the synthesis of a flax shives‐based composite (equal weight percent of flax shives and salt hydrates) prepared by the impregnation method and its application in thermal energy storage. The composite showed durability, stability, and reasonable energy storage density with a very low cost per unit of energy. The structural characterization of the hybrid was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The thermal energy storage density, as well as the charging/discharging characteristics were measured using a laboratory‐scale thermal energy storage apparatus. The flax/CaCl2/LiCl hybrid showed reasonable energy storage density at 74 kWh/m3 for 50% inlet relative humidity after regeneration at 120°C. Although the energy storage density was not high, the flax/CaCl2 composite was found to be the most cost‐effective material, as it showed the lowest cost per energy stored at 0.98 CAD/kWh at 50% relative humidity (RH) after regeneration at 120°C.
„Protons as the main drivers of a chemical reaction?” – educational reconstruction of the Brønsted‐Lowry acid‐base concept for upper secondary school
Authors: Krebs Rita Elisabeth , Hofer Elisabeth , Lembens Anja
Published: September 2022

Als geschichtlich und fachwissenschaftlich zentraler Reaktionstyp stellen Säure‐Base‐Reaktionen einen wichtigen Bestandteil fachdidaktischer Forschung dar. Zu diesem Thema sind vielfältige Vorstellungen bei den Lernenden bekannt, die oftmals im Widerspruch mit den fachwissenschaftlich adäquaten Konzepten stehen. Gleichzeitig sind aber die historische Entwicklung der Säure‐Base‐Konzepte und ihre Vielfältigkeit und Kontextabhängigkeit im Chemieunterricht relevant. Diese Vielfältigkeit der historischen, sich teilweise widersprechenden Säure‐Base‐Konzepte erschwert in Kombination mit den alternativen Vorstellungen der Lernenden, das Thema auf eine konsistente und anschlussfähige Art zu unterrichten. Um dieser Herausforderung gerecht zu werden, werden Säure‐Base‐Reaktionen im vorliegenden Beitrag mittels didaktischer Rekonstruktion aus der fachwissenschaftlichen und Lernendenperspektive untersucht, um eine für die Lernenden der Sekundarstufe II nachvollziehbare, an andere Reaktionstypen (z. B. Redoxreaktionen, organische Reaktionsmechanismen) anschlussfähige didaktische Strukturierung vorzunehmen.
Machine learning‐based predictive modeling for failure management of optical spatial mode division multiplexing system
Authors: Kaur Gurjit , Parasher Yaman , Srivastava Akanksha , Singh Prabhjot
Published: September 2022

The bit error rate (BER) in optical communication systems is often get degraded due to various factors like launch power, dispersion, modal noise, and so on. Finding the most optimal launch power for a signal to provide acceptable BER is usually difficult on an installed link. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been made to use machine learning‐based linear regression technique for predicting the optimal signal quality for spatial division multiplexed (SDM)‐based fiber optical transmission system for a fixed distance. This technique helps in predicting the optimal value of continuous launch power. Therefore, to demonstrate the given concept in this research work, the generic setup of an SDM optical long‐haul system of 20 km in length has been designed and simulated in Optisystem‐14.0. The light sources in our experiments are two spatial optical transmitters with an emission wavelength of around 1550 nm. Abiding to the first step for the regression analysis, that is the data preparation, normality and correlation checks were performed. After this, a linear regression model is developed which was validated through a summary report, coefficients and diagnostic plots. Furthermore, the accuracy of the model is improved by employing Cook's distance. These tests help in dealing with the influence points that hinders the prediction ability of the proposed model. The results show that the R‐squared value is 0.9366, and value of adjusted R2 comes out to be around 0.9344; we therefore came to infer that the model explains nearly 94% variations in the dependent variables.
Access to resources buffers against effects of current reproduction on future ability to provide care in a burying beetle
Authors: Lambert Georgia A. , Smiseth Per T.
Published: September 2022

Studies investigating the trade‐off between current and future reproduction often find that increased allocation to current reproduction is associated with a reduction in the number or quality of future offspring. In species that provide parental care, this effect on future offspring may be mediated through a reduced future ability to provide care. Here, we test this idea in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, a species in which parents shift the cost of reproduction toward future offspring and provide elaborate parental care. We manipulated brood size to alter the costs females experienced in association with current reproduction and measured the level of parental care during a subsequent breeding attempt. Given that these beetles breed on carcasses of small vertebrates, it is important to consider confounding effects due to benefits associated with resource access during breeding. We, therefore, manipulated access to carrion and measured the level of parental care during a subsequent breeding attempt. We found that females provided the same level of care regardless of previous brood size and resource access, suggesting that neither affected future ability to provide care. This may reflect that parents feed on carrion during breeding, which may buffer against any costs of previous breeding attempts. Our results show that increased allocation to current reproduction is not necessarily associated with a reduction in future ability to provide care. Nevertheless, this may reflect unique aspects of our study system, and we encourage future work on systems where parents do not have access to a rich resource during breeding.
Ligand‐Free Silver Nanoparticles for CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction to CO
Authors: Mattarozzi Francesco , Visser Nienke , de Rijk Jan Willem , Ngene Peter , de Jongh Petra
Published: September 2022

Silver‐based catalysts are attractive for electroreduction of CO2 to CO. To understand the electrocatalyst properties, a good control over the nanoparticle size is necessary. Herein, we report a strategy to synthesize highly dispersed, ligand‐free silver Ag nanoparticles supported on carbon. We demonstrate that the heat treatment atmosphere and carbon surface chemistry are crucial to control the Ag particle size in the 10–30 nm range. Even at low silver loadings (0.099 m2Ag m−2), Ag nanoparticles outperforms the bulk silver at low overpotentials, leading to a 23.5 % CO Faradaic efficiency at −1.2 V vs RHE. The Ag weight‐based activity of the catalysts scales with the inverse particle size, while the Ag surface‐specific activity is independent of the particle size in this range. The supported silver nanoparticles can produce a H2 to CO ratio of 2.9 to 1, interesting for further exploration of this type of catalysts for syngas synthesis.