bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Itinéraire d'une enfant épileptique, témoignage parental
Authors: Massart Claire , Massart Luc
Published: November 2013

L’histoire d’une petite fille épileptique résistante à tout traitement, ses bilans successifs, ses problématiques médicale et sociale auxquelles cette famille sera confrontée et son évolution sont rapportés par ses parents. Leur vision et leur analyse est à la fois engagée et subjective mais illustre une interprétation qui peut apporter des éléments de compréhension, de patience et d’indulgence intéressants pour les malades et leur famille, leurs environnements scolaire et social comme pour les différents thérapeutes qui gravitent autour de ces familles.
Ni vivo ni muerto, sino todo lo contrario. Reflexiones sobre la muerte cerebral
Authors: Rodríguez-Arias David
Published: November 2013

Determinar el momento exacto en que tiene lugar la muerte siempre ha sido un problema de difícil resolución. Las propuestas tradicionales y contemporáneas para justificar los criterios legales de determinación de la muerte se han visto condicionadas por intereses sociales —en particular, recientemente, relativos a los trasplantes de órganos—. Los criterios legalmente aceptados para declarar la muerte siguen careciendo de soporte conceptual o científico. En este contexto de ausencia de consenso sobre la demarcación exacta de la frontera entre la vida y la muerte, estas son algunas de las preguntas que abordo en este artículo: ¿Cómo podemos definir la muerte? ¿Es la determinación de la muerte una tarea basada únicamente en hechos, o también en juicios de valor? ¿Equivale la muerte cerebral a la muerte humana? ¿Qué papel le corresponde a la bioética en los debates relativos a la determinación de la muerte y la obtención de órganos?
El concepto de género como hermenéutica de la sospecha: de la Biología a la Filosofía Moral y Política
Authors: Puleo Alicia H.
Published: November 2013

Este artículo trata sobre el concepto de género como un caso paradigmático de frontera entre lo biológico y lo cultural. Examina los orígenes históricos olvidados de la idea de género como construcción social durante la Ilustración, su definición en el siglo XX por oposición a lo biológico y su influencia en la elaboración de leyes orientadas hacia la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres. Atiende también a la creciente absorción del concepto de sexo por el de género en los debates más recientes. Para finalizar, plantea la necesidad de que la hermenéutica de la sospecha de género continúe utilizándose para implementar políticas de igualdad y, al mismo tiempo, sirva para desvelar el sesgo androcéntrico en la cultura.
Utopías dicotómicas sobre los cuerpos sexuados
Authors: Gregori Flor Nuria
Published: November 2013

Hermafroditas, intersexos, andróginos, transexuales u homosexuales simbolizan el lugar de la fisura, de la frontera, de la disidencia en relación a los cuerpos sexuados, los géneros y las sexualidades. Constituyen a su vez un espacio discursivo privilegiado desde donde recorrer algunas de las certezas que se han ido produciendo y reproduciendo desde los distintos campos de conocimiento y poder a lo largo de la historia de Occidente. El análisis de categorías médico-sociales como el “hermafroditismo”, la “intersexualidad”, o la más recientemente conocida como “DSD/ADS”, nos descubre un panorama complejo y a la vez controvertido, pero con el potencial suficiente para indagar en el carácter performativo de las categorías sociales. Además, nos permite adentrarnos en un debate bioético más amplio sobre los límites de las prácticas médicas, las cuestiones relativas al control y la normalización de cuerpos, o sobre la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías en la conformación de cuerpos e identidades.
Las prohibiciones históricas de la fiesta de los toros
Authors: Sánchez-Ocaña Vara Álvaro Luis
Published: November 2013

En el siguiente artículo trataremos de analizar en el tiempo las diferentes prohibiciones que se han producido a lo largo de la historia contra la que, para García Lorca, es la fiesta más culta del mundo.
Prohibiciones de las que, unas más severas que otras, la Fiesta siempre ha logrado salir adelante y las cuales hemos de tenerlas en cuenta en los difíciles tiempos actuales en que esta se encuentra.
Lo decía Ortega y Gasset: “No puede comprenderse bien la historia de España sin haber construido la historia de las corridas de toros”. Por tanto, el análisis que a continuación se detalla no hace más que resaltar la enorme importancia que, desde tiempos inmemoriales, esta tradición ha tenido para el pueblo español y, a pesar de las prohibiciones, no consiguieron acabar con su celebración debido a su profundo arraigo en las raíces de España.
Professional Development Opportunities for Academic Subject Librarians
Authors: Shelley Anne
Published: November 2013

Library professionals who specialize in particular disciplines have a deep understanding of the unique needs in their area to support faculty research, enrich student learning, and manage certain collections. Librarians and staff in such positions rely heavily on the expertise of their colleagues who have similar responsibilities, as well as standards developed by library and academic professionals in their respective fields. Therefore, professional networking is a critical practice for academic librarians who manage a particular subject area in their library. This chapter will provide information on subject-specific library conferences and other professional development opportunities that are useful for both conference organizers and librarians who specialize in subject areas and have responsibilities in collection management, instruction, cataloging, and liaison duties.
Leveling the Professional Development Playing Field
Authors: Thull James , Hansen Mary Anne
Published: November 2013

Tribal college librarians comprise a unique group of library professionals who typically serve in a dual role as both academic librarians and public librarians. Most tribal college libraries are the only library in their respective tribal community, and thus they serve the information needs of both their academic clientele and those of the general public. Additionally, their location in tribal communities necessitates that these library professionals have a deep cultural understanding and appreciation in order to work effectively with their largely Native clientele, whether they themselves are Native or not. This chapter describes the unique professional development needs of tribal college librarians and successful efforts to meet these needs. Advice on grant writing, tips and information on grant seeking with a look towards future trends is also provided.
Differences in Generational Characteristics and Their Implications for Cross-Cultural Online Learning and Knowledge Management
Authors: Lim Doo Hun , Yoon Seung Won , Song Ji Hoon
Published: November 2013

This study is an integrative literature review about the distinctive characteristics of multi-generations, their cognitive differences within online learning environments, modern knowledge management theories and frameworks, and the differences of knowledge management practices among multi-generations. Particular attention has been paid to examine distinctive characteristics in the cognitive learning style and knowledge management practices between different cultural settings. Based on the review, the authors propose an integrated approach to comparing the divergent and convergent characteristics of multi-generations and cross-cultural variables in order to design and deliver effective learning solutions and knowledge management systems that will address various organizational and cross-cultural learning and performance issues.
The Role of Social Constructivist Instructional Approaches in Facilitating Cross-Cultural Online Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Melius Janella
Published: November 2013

The role of the university is rapidly changing in this new information age, as many courses and programs are using on-line modalities (i.e. live, interactive audio or video or video conferencing, pre-recorded instructional videos, Webcasts, CD-ROMs, DVDs, or computer-based systems accessed over the Internet) as part of their instructional delivery. Online learning education has closed the gap for many learners who would have been unable to attend an institution of higher learning due to family and career obligations; it has also been instrumental with facilitating collaborative learning and teamwork among students in cross-cultural and cross-national settings. However, due to these geographic variations among online learners from culturally diverse backgrounds, instructors may be faced with challenges hindering their facilitation of online courses and the overall learning outcomes among cross-cultural students. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss aspects of these challenges, provide educators across all discipline with an understanding of the role social constructivist instructional strategies have on facilitating an inclusive online cross-cultural learning environment, and provide recommendations for developing strategies to accommodate these diverse students.
Global Review of Recent Ocean Energy Activities
Authors: Melo Ana Brito , Sweeney Eoin , Villate Jose Luis
Published: November 2013

AbstractOcean energy is regarded as an important future source of energy generation in many countries for transition to a low-carbon future. While commercial interest in ocean energy is growing significantly at a global level, there are considerable investment costs and bottlenecks
that will need to be overcome. Research and funds are spread over many different wave and marine current energy concepts under development, and there is still no technology convergence, in contrast to what happened in wind energy. Although an important marine energy resource, discussion of
offshore wind energy is not included in this manuscript. This article focuses on the latest developments in ocean energy—in particular, open-sea testing facilities set up by several countries as a measure to encourage deployment and streamlining procedures—and gives an overview
of projects going into the water this past year. In addition, the article highlights the importance of collaborative research and development on ocean energy projects and the unique role of the Ocean Energy Systems Implementing Agreement as an intergovernmental organization promoting the use
of ocean energy (wave, marine currents, tidal, ocean thermal gradients and salinity gradients) for energy extraction.
Enhancing T Lineage Production in Aged Mice: A Novel Function of Foxn1 in the Bone Marrow Niche
Authors: Zook Erin C. , Zhang Shubin , Gerstein Rachel M. , Witte Pamela L. , Le Phong T.
Published: November 2013

Foxn1 is essential for thymic organogenesis and T lymphopoiesis. Whereas reduced Foxn1 expression results in a decline in T lymphopoiesis, overexpression of Foxn1 in the thymus of a transgenic mouse model (Foxn1Tg) attenuates the age-associated decline in T lymphopoiesis. T lymphopoiesis begins with early T cell progenitors (ETP), derived from multipotent progenitors (MPP) in the bone marrow (BM). A decline in MPP and ETP numbers with age is thought to contribute to reduced T lymphopoiesis. Previously, we showed that reduced ETP number with age is attenuated in Foxn1 transgenic (Tg); whether the effect is initiated in the BM with MPP is not known. In this study, we report that Foxn1 is expressed in wild-type BM and overexpressed in Foxn1Tg. With age, the number of MPP in Foxn1Tg was not reduced, and Foxn1Tg also have a larger pool of hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, the Foxn1Tg BM is more efficient in generating MPP. In contrast to MPP, common lymphoid progenitors and B lineage cell numbers were significantly lower in both young and aged Foxn1Tg compared with wild type. We identified a novel population of lineageneg/low, CD45pos EpCAMpos, SCA1pos, CD117neg, CD138neg, MHCIIneg cells as Foxn1-expressing BM cells that also express Delta-like 4. Thus, Foxn1 affects both T lymphopoiesis and hematopoiesis, and the Foxn1 BM niche may function in skewing MPP development toward T lineage progenitors.
CX3CR1 Regulates the Maintenance of KLRG1+ NK Cells into the Bone Marrow by Promoting Their Entry into Circulation
Authors: Ponzetta Andrea , Sciumè Giuseppe , Benigni Giorgia , Antonangeli Fabrizio , Morrone Stefania , Santoni Angela , Bernardini Giovanni
Published: November 2013

NK cell differentiation mainly occurs in the bone marrow (BM) where a critical role in the regulation of developing lymphocyte distribution is played by members of the chemokine receptor family. In mouse, the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 identifies a late stage of NK cell development characterized by decreased effector functions and expression of the inhibitory receptor KLRG1. The role of CX3CR1 in the regulation of differentiation and positioning of NK cell subsets in the BM is not known. In this study, we found that CX3CR1 deficiency leads to accumulation of KLRG1+ NK cells in BM during steady-state conditions. The NK cell subset that expresses the receptor in wild-type mice was expanded in several tissues of CX3CR1-deficient mice, and NK cell degranulation in response to sensitive target cell stimulation was enhanced, suggesting a regulatory role of CX3CR1 in NK cell positioning and differentiation in BM. Indeed, the observed NK cell expansion was not due to altered turnover rate, whereas it was associated with preferential accumulation in the BM parenchyma. In addition, a role of CX3CR1 in NK cell trafficking from BM and spleen was evidenced also during inflammation, as CX3CR1-deficient NK cells were more prompt to exit the BM and did not decrease in spleen in response to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid–promoted hepatitis. Overall, our results evidenced a relevant role of CX3CR1 in the regulation of NK cell subset exit from BM during homeostasis, and suggest that defect in the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis alters NK cell trafficking and functional response during inflammatory conditions.
Identification of New Aquaporin Genes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Bread Wheat
Authors: Pandey B. , Sharma P. , Pandey D.M. , Sharma I. , Chatrath R.
Published: November 2013

Major facilitators of water movement through plant cell membranes include aquaporin proteins. Wheat is among the largest and most important cereal crops worldwide; however, unlike other model plants such as rice, maize and Arabidopsis, little has been reported on wheat major intrinsic proteins (MIPs). This study presents a comprehensive computational identification of 349 new wheat expressed sequence tags (ESTs), encoding 13 wheat aquaporin genes. Identified aquaporins consist of 6 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP) and 1 TIP showing high sequence similarity with rice aquaporins. We also identified 4 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIP) and 2 SIP members that showed more divergence. Further, expression analysis of the aquaporin genes using the available EST information in UniGene revealed their transcripts were differentially regulated in various stress- and tissue-specific libraries. Allele specific Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were designed using PIP as the target gene and validated on a core set of Indian wheat genotypes. A 3D theoretical model of the wheat aquaporin protein was built by homology modeling and could prove to be useful in the further functional characterization of this protein. Collectively with expression and bioinformatics analysis, our results support the idea that the genes identified in this study signify an important genetic resource providing potential targets to modify the water use properties of wheat.
Propuestas sobre el arte y la educación
Authors: González Alejandro
Published: November 2013

El presente texto plantea, desde una perspectiva Vigotskyana, los posibles fundamentos de las extraordinarias mejoras que se obtienen al introducir la libre discusión del arte en el proceso educativo. De cómo el modo metafórico de procesar la información, se encuentra en las estrategias del pensamiento individual que permiten generar avances en la promoción y adquisición del pensamiento científico.
La dialéctica materialista: contribuciones de S. L. Rubinstein a la teoría Histórico Cultural
Authors: González Serra Diego J.
Published: November 2013

Entrevista concedida a Maria Isabel Batista Serrão, Patrícia Laura Torriglia, Janaina Damasco Umbelino y Margareth Feiten Cisne, en 9 de agosto de 2012, en Marília, São Paulo, Brasil. Transcripción realizada por Janaina Umbelino y Margareth Feiten Cisne. Revisión del español realizada por Patricia Laura Torriglia. Editoración y organización de la entrevista realizada por Patricia Laura Torriglia y Maria Isabel Batista Serrão.
Intervention Effectiveness for Children and Youth
Authors: Whitney Rondalyn , Hilton Claudia List
Published: November 2013

We reviewed 11 articles, including efficacy and effectiveness studies, addressing intervention effectiveness for children and youth published in 2012 in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy and organized them by level and type of research according to a framework adapted from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Compared with articles published in previous years, these studies showed improvement in their ability to guide practitioners to make evidence-based decisions by increasing understanding of the intervention’s pragmatic relevance and the extent to which it promotes participation in childhood and adolescent occupations. Studies’ evidence levels have increased along with efforts to increase scientific rigor. Intervention fidelity was included in several of the studies, but not consistently. Siblings and other family members were not examined, and none of the articles reviewed described longitudinal studies. Measures of client acceptability and cost–benefit analysis need more attention in future studies.
As Viewed From Above: Connectivity and Diversity in Fulfilling Occupational Therapy’s Centennial Vision
Authors: Clark Florence
Published: November 2013

OT in HD is a metaphor for a picture of occupational therapy formed from thousands of vibrant individuals who coalesce into a crystal-clear image of the profession.
Heterogeneous formation of polar stratospheric clouds – Part 2: Nucleation of ice on synoptic scales
Authors: Engel I. , Luo B. P. , Pitts M. C. , Poole L. R. , Hoyle C. R. , Grooß J.-U. , Dörnbrack A. , Peter T.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. This paper provides compelling evidence for the importance of heterogeneous nucleation, likely on solid particles of meteoritic origin, and of small-scale temperature fluctuations, for the formation of ice particles in the Arctic stratosphere. During January 2010, ice PSCs (polar stratospheric clouds) were shown by CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) to have occurred on a synoptic scale (~1000 km dimension). CALIPSO observations also showed widespread PSCs containing NAT (nitric acid trihydrate) particles in December 2009, prior to the occurrence of synoptic-scale regions of ice PSCs during mid-January 2010. We demonstrate by means of detailed microphysical modeling along air parcel trajectories that the formation of these PSCs is not readily reconciled with expectations from the conventional understanding of PSC nucleation mechanisms. The measurements are at odds with the previous laboratory-based understanding of PSC formation, which deemed direct heterogeneous nucleation of NAT and ice on preexisting solid particles unlikely. While a companion paper (Part 1) addresses the heterogeneous nucleation of NAT during December 2009, before the existence of ice PSCs, this paper shows that also the large-scale occurrence of stratospheric ice in January 2010 cannot be explained merely by homogeneous ice nucleation but requires the heterogeneous nucleation of ice, e.g. on meteoritic dust or preexisting NAT particles. The required efficiency of the ice nuclei is surprisingly high, namely comparable to that of known tropospheric ice nuclei such as mineral dust particles. To gain model agreement with the ice number densities inferred from observations, the presence of small-scale temperature fluctuations, with wavelengths unresolved by the numerical weather prediction models, is required. With the derived rate parameterization for heterogeneous ice nucleation we are able to explain and reproduce CALIPSO observations throughout the entire Arctic winter 2009/2010.
A GPS network for tropospheric tomography in the framework of the Mediterranean hydrometeorological observatory Cévennes-Vivarais (South-Eastern France)
Authors: Brenot H. , Walpersdorf A. , Reverdy M. , van Baelen J. , Ducrocq V. , Champollion C. , Masson F. , Doerflinger E. , Collard P. , Giroux P.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The Mediterranean hydrometeorological observatory Cévennes-Vivarais (OHM-CV) coordinates hydrometeorological observations (radars, rain gauges, water level stations) on a regional scale in South-Eastern France. In the framework of OHM-CV, temporary GPS measurements have been carried out for 2 months in autumn 2002, when the heaviest rainfall are expected. These measurements increase the spatial density of the existing permanent GPS network, by adding three more receivers between the Mediterranean coast and the Cévennes-Vivarais range to monitor maritime source of water vapour flow feeding the precipitating systems over the Cévennes-Vivarais region. In addition, a local network of 18 receivers covered an area of 30 by 30 km within the field of view of the meteorological radar. These regional and local networks of permanent and temporary stations are used to monitor the precipitable water vapour (PWV) with high temporal resolution (15 min). Also, the dense local network provided data which have been inversed using tomographic techniques to obtain the 3-D field of tropospheric water vapour content. This study presents methodological tests for retrieving GPS tropospheric observations from dense networks, with the aim of assessing the uncertainties of GPS retrievals. Using the optimal tropospheric GPS retrieval methods, high resolution measurements of PWV on a local scale (a few kilometres) are discussed for rain events. Finally, the results of 3-D fields of water vapour densities from GPS tomography are analysed with respect to precipitation fields derived from a meteorological radar, showing a good correlation between precipitation and water vapour depletion areas.
Anammox, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in the East China Sea sediment
Authors: Song G. D. , Liu S. M. , Marchant H. , Kuypers M. M. M. , Lavik G.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Benthic nitrogen transformation pathways were investigated in the sediment of the East China Sea (ECS) in June of 2010 using the 15N isotope pairing technique. Slurry incubations indicated that denitrification, anammox and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) as well as intracellular nitrate release occurred in the ECS sediments. These four processes did not exist independently, nitrate release therefore diluted the 15N labeling fraction of NO3−, and a part of the 15NH4+ derived from DNRA also formed 30N2 via anammox. Therefore, current methods of rate calculations led to over and underestimations of anammox and denitrification respectively. Following the procedure outlined in Thamdrup and Dalsgaard (2002), denitrification rates were slightly underestimated by an average 6% without regard to the effect of nitrate release, while this underestimation could be counteracted by the presence of DNRA. On the contrary, anammox rates calculated from 15NO3− experiment were significantly overestimated by 42% without considering nitrate release. In our study, this overestimation could only be compensated 14% by taking DNRA into consideration. In a parallel experiment amended with 15NH4++14NO3−, anammox rates were not significantly influenced by DNRA due to the high background of 15NH4+ addition. The significant correlation between potential denitrification rate and sediment organic matter content (r = 0.68, p < 0.001, Pearson) indicated that denitrification was regulated by organic matter, while, no such correlations were found for anammox and DNRA. The relative contribution of anammox to the total N-loss increased from 13% at the shallowest site near the Changjiang estuary to 50% at the deepest site on the outer shelf, implying the significant role of anammox in benthic nitrogen cycling in the ECS sediments, especially on the outer shelf. N-loss as N2 was the main pathway, while DNRA was also an important pathway accounting for 20–31% of benthic nitrate reduction in the ECS. Our study demonstrates the complicated interactions among different benthic nitrogen transformations and the importance of considering denitrification, DNRA, anammox and nitrate release together when designing and interpreting future studies.
Impacts of droughts on carbon sequestration by China's terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2011
Authors: Liu Y. B. , Zhou Y. L. , Ju W. M. , Wang S. Q. , Wu X. C. , He M. Z.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. In recent years, droughts have frequently hit China's terrestrial ecosystems. How these droughts affected carbon sequestration by China's terrestrial ecosystems is still unclear. In this study, the process-based Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) model, driven by remotely sensed vegetation parameters, was employed to assess the effects of droughts on net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of terrestrial ecosystems in China for the period from 2000 to 2011. Different categories of droughts, as indicated by a standard precipitation index (SPI), extensively hit terrestrial ecosystems in China, particularly in 2001, 2006, 2009 and 2011. The national total NEP exhibited a slight decline of −11.3 Tg C yr−2 during the study period, mainly due to large reductions of NEP in typical drought-hit years 2001, 2006, 2009 and 2011, ranging from 61.1 Tg C yr−1 to 168.8 Tg C yr−1. National and regional total NEP anomalies were correlated with corresponding annual mean SPI, especially in Northwest China, North China, Central China, and Southwest China. In drought years, the reductions of NEP might be caused by a larger decrease in gross primary productivity (GPP) than in respiration (RE) (2001 and 2011), a decrease in GPP and an increase in RE (2009), or a larger increase in RE than in GPP (2006). Droughts had lagged effects of up to 3–6 months on NEP due to different reactions of GPP and RE to droughts. In east humid and warm parts of China, droughts have predominant and short-term lagged influences on NEP. In western cold and arid regions, the effects of droughts on NEP were relatively weaker and might last for a longer period of time.
A bulk parametrization of melting snowflakes with explicit liquid water fraction for the COSMO model
Authors: Frick C. , Seifert A. , Wernli H.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. A new snow melting parametrization is presented for the non-hydrostatic limited-area COSMO ("consortium for small-scale modelling") model. In contrast to the standard cloud microphysics of the COSMO model, which instantaneously transfers the meltwater from the snow to the rain category, the new scheme explicitly considers the liquid water fraction of the melting snowflakes. These semi-melted hydrometeors have characteristics (e.g., shape and fall speed) that differ from those of dry snow and rain droplets. Where possible, theoretical considerations and results from vertical wind tunnel laboratory experiments of melting snowflakes are used as the basis for characterising the melting snow as a function of its liquid water fraction. These characteristics include the capacitance, the ventilation coefficient, and the terminal fall speed. For the bulk parametrization, a critical diameter is introduced. It is assumed that particles smaller than this diameter, which increases during the melting process, have completely melted, i.e., they are converted to the rain category. The values of the bulk integrals are calculated with a finite difference method and approximately represented by polynomial functions, which allows an efficient implementation of the parametrization. Two case studies of (wet) snowfall in Germany are presented to illustrate the potential of the new snow melting parametrization. It is shown that the new scheme (i) produces wet snow instead of rain in some regions with surface temperatures slightly above the freezing point, (ii) simulates realistic atmospheric melting layers with a gradual transition from dry snow to melting snow to rain, and (iii) leads to a slower snow melting process. In the future, it will be important to thoroughly validate the scheme, also with radar data and to further explore its potential for improved surface precipitation forecasts for various meteorological conditions.
Numerical investigation of algebraic oceanic turbulent mixing-layer models
Authors: Chacón-Rebollo T. , Gómez-Mármol M. , Rubino S.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. In this paper we investigate the finite-time and asymptotic behaviour of algebraic turbulent mixing-layer models by numerical simulation. We compare the performances given by three different settings of the eddy viscosity. We consider Richardson number-based vertical eddy viscosity models. Two of these are classical algebraic turbulence models usually used in numerical simulations of global oceanic circulation, i.e. the Pacanowski–Philander and the Gent models, while the other one is a more recent model (Bennis et al., 2010) proposed to prevent numerical instabilities generated by physically unstable configurations. The numerical schemes are based on the standard finite element method. We perform some numerical tests for relatively large deviations of realistic initial conditions provided by the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array. These initial conditions correspond to states close to mixing-layer profiles, measured on the Equatorial Pacific region called the West-Pacific Warm Pool. We conclude that mixing-layer profiles could be considered as kinds of "absorbing configurations" in finite time that asymptotically evolve to steady states under the application of negative surface energy fluxes.
Effects of Rituximab on the Development of Viral and Fungal Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Patel Samir J. , Devos Jennifer M. , Knight Richard J. , Dawson Kyle L. , Suki Wadi N. , Gonzalez Juan M. , Abdellatif Abdul A. , Gaber A. Osama
Published: November 2013

Background. Rituximab is becoming increasingly utilized in renal transplant recipients; however, its association with infections remains unclear. Methods. We reviewed the incidence of viral and fungal infections in kidney transplant recipients treated with () or without () rituximab (RTX) in addition to standard immunosuppression. Results. Infections occurred in 134 (30%) patients, with a greater proportion in RTX versus no RTX patients (47% versus 28%; ). Viral infections occurred in 44% and 27% of RTX and no RTX patients, respectively (). This was largely driven by the frequency of BK viremia and noncytomegalovirus/non-BK viruses in RTX patients (27% versus 13% () and 15% versus 2% (), resp.). Fungal infections also occurred more often in RTX patients (11% versus 3 %; ). Multivariate analysis revealed deceased donor recipient (odds ratio = 2.5; ) and rituximab exposure (odds ratio = 2.2; ) as independent risk factors for infection. Older patients, deceased donor recipients, those on dialysis longer, and those with delayed graft function tended to be at a greater risk for infections following rituximab. Conclusions. Rituximab is associated with an increased incidence of viral and fungal infections in kidney transplantation. Additional preventative measures and/or monitoring infectious complications may be warranted in those receiving rituximab.
Developing an Arts of Living
Authors: Riddett-Moore Karinna
Published: November 2013

This paper outlines the necessary aspects of arts-based educational research in a study that probed the nature of caring in an arts classroom. Based on the dissertation that won the Elliot Eisner Doctoral Research Award in Art Education, the author explains how this study is a work of art, a work of education, and a work of qualitative research. This study presents deconstruction as a praxis experienced through the process of art making, wherein the researcher and her middle-level art students employ the tools of the visual arts to achieve an aesthetic space of artful living. Using the methodology of a/r/tography, the author explores how by emphasizing aesthetic engagement, being attuned to moments of lingering and states of flux in the arts classroom, and deconstructing care through art and writing, she was able to engage in a space of transformation.
Análise estrutural de florestas de restinga associadas a depósitos marinhos pleistocênicos e holocênicos na Bacia do Rio Itaguaré, Bertioga (SP)
Authors: PINTO SOBRINHO Felipe de Araújo , SOUZA Celia Regina de Gouveia , MOGOLLÓN Jaime E. de J. Badel
Published: November 2013

As relações entre as fitofisionomias de vegetação de Restinga e o substrato sedimentar presentes nas planícies costeiras brasileiras ainda são pouco conhecidas. Este trabalho apresenta os aspectos estruturais do componente arbóreo de dois tipos de florestas de Restinga (Floresta baixa - FbR e Floresta alta - FaR) associadas a três depósitos marinhos quaternários de diferentes gerações, presentes na planície costeira da bacia do Rio Itaguaré, em Bertioga (SP), e descreve as variações espaciais nos teores de alguns elementos químicos do solo, associados a esses remanescentes florestais. Para o estudo da vegetação foi empregado o método de parcelas, que estabelece a análise de todos os indivíduos com DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito) ≥ 10 cm. Os parâmetros levantados foram densidade, área basal e altura dos indivíduos. Os resultados mostraram que a FbR apresenta as menores amplitudes diamétricas e alturas dos indivíduos arbóreos e menor dispersão das alturas quando correlacionadas com o diâmetro (relação alométrica entre altura e DAP). Na FaR foi possível identificar variações na estrutura em função da idade do depósito marinho, do quimismo e da evolução dos solos associados, de forma que a floresta se apresenta melhor desenvolvida nos depósitos mais antigos, além de mostrar a maior correlação positiva para a relação alométrica. Percebe-se também a importância da camada orgânica depositada sobre o solo para o equilíbrio da dinâmica da ciclagem dos nutrientes disponibilizados para as plantas. De acordo com os parâmetros da legislação ambiental vigente as fitofisionomias estudadas encontram-se em estágio avançado de regeneração (FbR) e em estado primário ou nativo (FaR).
The Suitability of Seashell, Animal Bone and Sodium Carbonate as Energizers in Case Carburization of Mild Steel
Authors: O.S. Fatoba  , M.A. Bodude  , O.L. Akanji  , I.O. Adamson  , S.C. Agwuncha
Published: November 2013

This work examines the suitability of using seashell (Oyster shell), animal bone and Na2CO3 materials as energizers for case hardening of mild steel. A carburizer consisting of charcoal was used for research with sea shell, animal bone and Na2CO3 as energizers. Samples were carburized in fabricated rectangular stainless steel boxes using different percentages of energizers (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) respectively. The samples were covered completely in each of the boxes with the mixture of carburizer and energizer placed in the chamber of the furnace. The process was carried out at carburizing temperature of 9500C, soaked for 4, 6, and 8hours and quenched in oil. Twenty samples were further tempered at 2000C for 1hour to relieve the stress built up during quenching. Hardness test, chemical analysis and impact test were carried out on the samples. The hardness values of the carburized mild steel were measured with a micro hardness tester. The results of the study showed that hardness values of the untempered mild steel samples were slightly improved than the tempered samples at carburizing temperature of 9500C and carburizing time of 4, 6 and 8hours. The Impact results revealed that samples carburized at 9500C in seashell energizer for 8hours have the highest impact values of 184 Joules for the tempered samples which are higher than the untempered samples due to increase in toughness resulting from tempering. The results also showed that seashell and animal bones are potential energizers in case carburization of mild steel.
Efficacy of Modified Eggs and Chick Muscles on Oxidative Stress of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Induced Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Singh Kshetrimayum Birla , Taneja Satish Kumar
Published: November 2013

A modified poultry egg (Indian Patent Application No. 2264/Del-2005) and chick muscle enriched with optimum minerals, vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acid were developed and its efficacy was studied on oxidative stress of Type-2 diabetes mellitus induced male wistar rats. In this study, two groups of rats were fed on semi-synthetic diet containing 20 mg Zn/kg (control, group-I) and 80 mg Zn/kg (group-II) diet respectively for a period of 6 months. The study revealed that the gain in body weight increased in rats in Zn concentration dependent manner. The urine examined on weekly basis showed glucosuria in group-II on week 8 and thereafter. The blood lipid profile displayed a significant rise in serum glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol whereas HDL-cholesterol showed a reduction in their levels in group-II rats than their control counter parts. They displayed higher lipid peroxidation products and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione–s -transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione (reduced) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly lowered and revealed a higher Zn concentration and lower Cu, Mg and Mn both in liver and kidney. On day 90, the male rats in group-II after the establishment of type-2 diabetes mellitus, were divided in to two groups- group-IIA and group-IIB. Feeding on these eggs and chick muscles mixed diet in these groups of rats, all the abnormalities were restored and a considerable reduction in lipid peroxidation products and a significant increased in the activities of enzymes per se with reversal of Zn, Cu, Mg and Mn levels closer to the control group were recorded. The present data suggest that these modified egg and chick muscle are effective in ameliorating the oxidative stress in type-2 diabetes mellitus induced male rats.
Gliadin Degradation Ability of Artisanal Lactic Acid Bacteria, The Potential Probiotics from Dairy Products
Authors: Komen Gokcen , Baysal Ayse Handan , Harsa Hayriye Sebnem
Published: November 2013

Selected Lactobacillus spp. with high protease and acid producing capacity was explored for effective gliadin degradation in wheat sourdough environment. The total titratable acidity (TTA), pH and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts were evaluated. At the end of fermentation, the acidity and pH of the sourdough samples reached to 13.49-17.34 and 3.84-3.52 range, respectively. LAB population was enumerated as 107-109 colony forming unit (CFU)/g dough. Gliadin profiles were examined qualitatively using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) techniques. Especially RP-HPLC could be considered as a sensitive technique and is useful to determine the biochemical changes in gliadin fragmentation throughout sourdough fermentation process. LAB inoculated sourdoughs and chemically acidified sourdoughs generally represent similar gliadin degradation patterns. Although the total removal of gliadin toxicity could not be achieved in all dough formulations, it may be beneficial to use LAB to improve the dough and bread quality through the exploration of its bioconversion by-products.
Value of computerized inhibitory control test and blood tests in minimal hepatic encephalopathy diagnosis
Authors: Savlan Ilona , Liakina Valentina , Valantinas Jonas
Published: November 2013

Background. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) can be diagnos­ed by “paper-pencil” tests, computerised inhibitory control or critical flicker frequency tests, but for clinical practice more convenient methods of diagnosis are being searched.
The aim of the study was to assess the value of inhibitory control test (ICT) and laboratory blood tests (leucocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, bilirubin, albumin, SPA, INR, glucose, ammonia, IL-6) for MHE diagnosis.
Materials and methods. 62 cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 53 volunteers without chronic liver diseases. Routine laboratory tests, IL-6 of venous blood samples and ammonia of the capillary blood were extracted after overnight fasting. Ammonia was measured by the micro-diffusion method. IL-6 concentration was detected using the solid phase chemiluminescence immunometer analysis. At the same day all participants performed the PHES (Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score) battery and ICT under recommended diagnostic standards.
Results. MHE was diagnosed in 44/71.0% out of 62 cirrhotic patients while 18/29.0% had no evidence of psychomotor or cognitive disturbances. There was not statistically significant difference in age, gender, education. Patients with MHE had statistically significant differences neither in leukocytes, platelets count nor in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, IL-6, albumin, SPA, INR, bilirubin concentration in comparison with those without MHE. Patients with MHE perform ICT worse than those without MHE but the differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusions. In our study ICT was not approved as a good diagnostic tool for MHE. The IL-6 concentration in the peripheral blood as well as routine biochemical tests seem not useful for MHE diagnosis in cirrhotic patients.
New Medea de Monique Bosco ou la banalisation d’un mythe
Authors: Marcotte Hélène
Published: November 2013

Hélène Marcotte se penche sur la forme que peut prendre la désacralisation du mythe en littérature en analysant la banalisation du mythe de Médée par le biais d’une réécriture contemporaine : New Medea de l’auteure québécoise Monique Bosco, paru en 1974. Pour ce faire, elle tente de mettre en relief trois éléments qui concourent à la banalisation du mythe : la reprise des principaux mythèmes, ou invariants, du mythe, la spectacularisation du récit et la perte du caractère héroïque des protagonistes, qui s’accompagne d’un affaiblissement de la dimension sacrée dans l’oeuvre.
Représentations de la mort et dualité dans l’oeuvre de Sylvain Trudel
Authors: Thomas Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2013

L’écrivain québécois Sylvain Trudel met en scène dans plusieurs de ses oeuvres de jeunes personnages qui opposent au monde rigide des adultes une clairvoyance agrémentée d’un brin de naïveté. Cette posture les rend fragiles et susceptibles d’être attaqués par des forces funestes qui prennent régulièrement, chez le romancier et nouvelliste, un visage manifestement puisé à même un fonds mythologique fécond : quand la mort frappe, c’est ici dans un élan d’implacabilité qui donne des impressions de ressemblance avec un Thanatos ou un Belzébuth, mis toutefois au goût du jour. On reconnaît dans cette entreprise de réactualisation la dualité qui, depuis Platon et jusqu’aux confins du christianisme, marque les traits donnés à la mort. Sylvain Trudel a toutefois tenu à nantir les représentations récupérées d’une originalité que l’on reconnaît dans la facture bigarrée des forces auxquelles ses personnages sont confrontés.
Les planétariums numériques
Authors: Guyot Walter , Courtois Hélène , Toussaint Jacques
Published: November 2013

Notre travail souhaite étendre le concept de cybermusée depuis les activités de médiations pratiquées dans les actuels planétariums numériques vers des activités de formation du public. Notre hypothèse est que ces équipements d’éducation et de culture, véritables environnements virtuels immersifs, offrent aux visiteurs un cadre technologique nouveau en lien direct avec un domaine de la science qui s’élabore, la cosmographie, dans son contexte de production. L’un des objectifs que nous affectons à ces outils est de faciliter la construction de connaissances par les visiteurs en prenant appui sur des données de recherche en cours.
The Experimental Design of App Games to Bridge the Gap between Two Generations
Authors: Hou Hsing-yu
Published: November 2013

The increasingly ageing population is an important issue for family relationships. If the human-device interface is well designed, older citizens can manage icons more easily than typing on a keyboard. The authors use the design of experiment method to evaluate the effect of App games. There are 2*2*2=8 combinations in the experiment. The three factors are image size, touch guidelines and degree of complication. The independent variables are gender, age, technology sensitivity and the attitude to risk. The dependent variable is the game score. It is proven that simplicity, clear guidelines and small screen result in better performance. The elderly like big screens but Apps do bot provide this. These results allow App designers to direct development. More attention to the needs of the elderly during the shooting process might also improve interaction between the elderly and youths.
Face Recognition Using Holistic Features and Within Class Scatter-Based PCA
Authors: Wijaya I Gede Pasek Suta , Uchimura Keiichi , Koutaki Gou
Published: November 2013

The Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and its variations are the most popular approach for features clustering, which is mostly implemented for face recognition. The optimum projection matrix of the PCA is typically obtained by eigenanalysis of global covariance matrix. However, the projection data using the PCA are lack of discriminatory power. This problem is caused by removing the null space of data scatter that contains much discriminant information. To solve this problem, we present alternative strategy to the PCA called alternative PCA, which obtains the optimum projection matrix from within class scatter instead of global covariance matrix. This algorithm not only provides better features clustering than that of common PCA (CPCA) but also can overcome the retraining problem of the CPCA. In this paper, this algorithm is applied for face recognition with the holistic features of face image, which has compact size and powerful energy compactness as dimensional reduction of the raw face image. From the experimental results, the proposed method provides better performance for both recognition rate and accuracy parameters than those of CPCA and its variations when the tests were carried out using data from several databases such as ITS-LAB., INDIA, ORL, and FERET.
A Space Filling Algorithm for Generating Procedural Geometry and Texture
Authors: Bourke Paul
Published: November 2013

Here we present an algorithm for procedurally generating a range of digital assets including 2 dimensional textures and 2.5 dimensional texture roughness. The approach involves placing shapes randomly, without overlap and with a monotonically decreasing area, within a region on a plane (the 2 dimensional texture). If the process is continued to infinity then the result is space filling thus providing a variable and potentially infinite degree of visual detail. It will be proposed and illustrated that the process is independent of the actual shape being used and as such can find application to a range of texture effects. As a means of generating texture and form procedurally the result has the other desirable property of being fractal, that is, self similar across scales which is characteristic of many packings that occur in nature.