bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise During Chemotherapy for Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Walker R. C. , Pezeshki P. , Barman S. , Ngan S. , Whyte G. , Lagergren J. , Gossage J. , Kelly M. , Baker C. , Knight W. , West M. A. , Davies A. R. ,   Guy's & St Thomas' Oesophago‐gastric Research Group
Published: October 2024

Exercise prehabilitation may improve the tolerance and effectiveness of anticancer treatments such as chemotherapy. This systematic review assesses the impact of exercise on chemotherapy outcomes and identifies research priorities. Nineteen studies (1418 patients) were reviewed, including 11 randomised controlled trials and eight observational studies. Exercise led to improvements in body composition, fitness, strength and quality of life (QoL) across studies. Exercise can be safely and effectively delivered during chemotherapy. Limited standardisation and small sample sizes highlight the need for larger, better‐designed studies to optimise this low‐cost intervention.
Micropyramidal Si Photonics–A Versatile Platform for Detector and Emitter Applications
Authors: Bidney Grant W. , Duran Joshua M. , Ariyawansa Gamini , Anisimov Igor , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Astratov Vasily N.
Published: October 2024

Anisotropic wet etching of silicon (Si) has been known for decades, but the extraordinary capabilities of this technology to provide highly ordered microphotonic arrays have received limited attention in previous studies. It is shown that these capabilities include: i) a unique self‐terminating etching nature − crucial for achieving uniform arrays over centimeter‐scale wafers, ii) an extraordinary smoothness of the slow‐etching (111) planes, and iii) a precise geometry control including the extent micropyramids or micropyramidal voids are truncated. The combination of these properties transforms this technology into a versatile platform for novel detector and emitter applications in Si photonics. The optical properties of such arrays are studied by finite‐difference time‐domain modeling in two realms represented by different boundary conditions (BCs). Periodic BCs result in Talbot self‐images experimentally observed in this work. Perfectly matched layer BCs describe mesoscale interference effects resulting in the subwavelength focusing properties of micropyramids. Enhancements in the performance of mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays are demonstrated by monolithic integration of Si micropyramids with silicon‐platinum silicide Schottky barrier photodetectors. Finally, it is shown that Si micropyramidal arrays can be used to enhance light extraction and directionality of quantum sources and infrared scene projectors.
Highly Anti‐Corrosive Performance of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride‐Hexafluoropropylene)/Boron Nitride Nanosheet/Polyimide Composite Coating
Authors: Meng Lu , Li Zexia , Wu Weilong , Li Bo , Niu Zifeng , Wang Peng , Zhang Jun , Tang Chengchun , Xue Yanming
Published: October 2024

Polyimide (PI) is one of the most important engineering plastics, but its stability in aqueous environments is insufficient, which limits its anti‐corrosion efficiency. In this study, a novel P(VDF‐HFP)/SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI composite coating is prepared by incorporating poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF‐HFP)) and the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) which were highly co‐functionalized with two kinds of materials of the rosin and the soy‐maleic anhydride‐tannic acid adhesive molecules (SMT‐RS@BNNSs). The coatings are characterized in detail by using the XRD, FT‐IR, XPS, and SEM technologies. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curve tests further evaluated the corrosion resistance of the coating. As results, the obtained P(VDF‐HFP)/SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI coating with good adhesion (grade 1) to the low‐carbon steel plate displays a larger water contact angle of 93.10° compared to blank PI (75.5°) and SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI (83.2°). The dispersed distribution and interaction of SMT‐RS@BNNSs can effectively reduce the phase separation between P(VDF‐HFP) and PI. Even after soaking in electrolyte for 15 days, the impedance modulus, corrosion current, and corrosion voltage of the P(VDF‐HFP)/SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI coating are 1.568 × 1010 Ω cm2, 4.612 × 10−12 A cm−2, and 0.325 V, respectively. These properties are superior to those of the PI and SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI coatings. It is believed that the excellent anti‐corrosive performance of this PI‐based composite will broaden the application fields of PI materials.
In Vitro Neuroprotective Effect Evaluation of Donepezil‐Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles‐Embedded PVA/PEG Nanofibers on SH‐SY5Y Cells and AP‐APP Plasmid Related Alzheimer Cell Line Model
Authors: Guler Ece , Yekeler Humeyra Betul , Uner Burcu , Dogan Murat , Asghar Asima , Ikram Fakhera , Yazir Yusufhan , Gunduz Oguzhan , Kalaskar Deepak M , Cam Muhammet Emin
Published: October 2024

Recently developed nanoparticles and nanofibers present new brain‐specific treatment strategies, especially for Alzheimer's disease treatment. In this study, donepezil (DO)‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles (DNP) are embedded in PVA/PEG nanofibers (DNPF) produced by pressurized gyration for sublingual administration. SEM images showed produced drug‐loaded and pure nanofibers, which have sizes between 978 and 1123 nm, demonstrated beadless morphology and homogeneous distribution. FT‐IR, XRD, and DSC results proved the produced nanoparticles and fibers to consist of the DO and other polymers. The in vitro drug release test presented that the release profile of DO is completed at the end of the 18th day. It is released by the first order kinetic model. DNPF has an ultra‐fast release profile via its disintegration within 2 sec, which proved itself to be suitable for the administration sublingually. All samples presented above ≈90% cell viability via their non‐toxic natures on SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by using Alamar blue assay. The anti‐Alzheimer effects of DO, DNP, and DNPF are evaluated on the Aβ1−42‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells at 1, 5, and 10 µM as treatment groups. The 1 µM dosage exhibited the most significant neuroprotective effects, which showed enhanced cellular uptake and superior modulation of Alzheimer's‐related proteins, including tau and Aβ.
Joint Investment and Pricing Decisions in a Mobile Game Supply Chain Considering Risk Attitudes
Authors: Qu Jiali , Zhang Jiawei , Hu Benyong , Meng Chao
Published: October 2024

This paper studies the joint decision‐making problem of investment and pricing in a mobile game supply chain with a game developer and a distribution platform with different risk attitudes. The investment here involves the mobile game's quality investment during the development process and promotion investment during the operation process. First, the mean–variance utility theory is used to describe the risk attitudes of the supply chain participants. On this basis, considering the mobile game's individualized operational characteristics with respect to production and sales, the supply chain's and its participants' decision‐making models are established with the expected utility as an objective function. Second, the supply chain collaboration is modeled as a Stackelberg game. This paper obtains the optimal decisions of the participants and reveals the effects of the participants' risk attitudes on the optimal quality investment, promotion investment, and pricing policy. Finally, this paper further reveals the relationship between participants' risk attitudes and their expected profits. It is found that participants' risk attitudes will change the relationship between the expected profits under centralized decision‐making and those under decentralized decision‐making. These characteristics remain valid when a different demand format is employed or the supply chain members play a Nash game.
Passage: Rehearsals in linguistic returns
Authors: Al‐Sabi Alia , Khalifa Amany
Published: October 2024

This project is a rehearsal in language and its capacity to refuse comprehensibility. In this experimental process, we will be exploring the boundaries of legibility through a tracing of the shards and fragments embodied in the minor detail. With our sight fixed toward Palestine, we will explore how detail holds radical potential, be it in classical texts in the canon of Palestinian literature, or in the oral testimonies that have emerged from Gaza over the past 6 months. The focus on illegibility and language that defies comprehension exists in the shadow of genocide, where language fails to capture the immensity of the moment. Broken and sharp, it turns inward into a sense closer to emotion than to logic. In that sense, this project is also a rehearsal in utilizing language as matter, as material, as tangible touch.
Cationic UV‐Curing of Shape Memory Biobased Polyurethanes Sensing Low Heat
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Ghani Ambreen , Ahmad Muhammad Hassan , Shah Syed Zulqarnain , Imran Muhammad , Habib Nimra
Published: October 2024

The environmental problems caused by thermal reactions have prompted the search for new approaches. Photochemical curing, which uses light energy, offers a sustainable solution for polymerizing complex polymers, reducing energy consumption, and emissions. Current study involves cationic UV‐curing of biobased polyurethanes (PU) with a thermo‐responsive shape memory behavior on very low temperature almost equal to human body temperature. This product has a potential to be utilized as drug carrier or related biomedical applications, as well as self‐tightening materials against human body heat. Polymer has been designed from sesame oil, with slight modification through a facile epoxidation approach. Main objectives of this research were to prepare biobased PU recipe; to utilize a specially designed UV‐curing approach for this synthesis; and to develop shape memory properties upon sensing human body temperature. Prepared material has been analyzed through FTIR, SEM, TGA, DSC, water absorption capacity (WAC), and gel contents (GCs). Shape memory behavior has been tested in both air and water against a range of temperatures (35°C–80°C). At 35°C in 208 s, prepared sample, presented 96.60% Rr and 90.56% Rf, whereas at 80°C in 55 s Rr increased to 98.33% and Rf increased to 100%. Hydrophobic nature of sample was confirmed by 4.1% water absorption in 48 h.
Variability in youth coach concussion education requirements across states
Authors: Asgari Sepehr , Knowles Peter , Bugwadia Amy K. , Baugh Christine M. , Kazis Lewis E. , Grant Gerald A. , Zafonte Ross D. , Cantu Robert C. , Pea Roy D. , Sorcar Piya , Daneshvar Daniel H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Youth sports coaches play a critical role in proper concussion recognition and management, reinforcing the need for coach concussion education. As of 2021, most states have statutory and policy measures mandating concussion education for coaches. In practice, these mandates have been enacted through state legislatures and their respective youth sport governing bodies. Prior studies have found significant variations in the contents of state‐level concussion risk reduction policies and have raised questions about their specificity.

Objective

To expand on previous analyses to provide an overview of youth sports coach concussion education, highlighting variations in state policies and discrepancies between state mandates and youth sport governing bodies.

Methods

This report utilized qualitative content analysis to characterize and compare U.S. state and governing body concussion education requirements for youth sport coaches. State concussion statutes were identified via the National Conference of State Legislatures and Open States databases, and governing body handbooks/bylaws were obtained via their websites. Two researchers independently coded the policies, and discrepancies were resolved through consensus meetings with additional youth traumatic brain injury experts.

Results

We found significant variability in educational requirements and their implementation. A majority (68%; n = 34) of states require the completion of concussion education training for coaches. Notably, many states designate responsibility for enforcement and implementation of provisions to another party but just four state statutes delineate explicit consequences for noncompliance. Additionally, only 12 state statutes extend mandates to noninterscholastic sports, limiting their reach. In most cases, independent sanctioning authorities implement more stringent policies than the minimum acceptable standard established by state law.

Conclusion

Our findings provide a coded data set of youth coach concussion laws and independent sanctioning authority guidelines that can be used in future research efforts. Further research investigating a relationship between the strength of coach concussion education policies and relevant youth and adolescent concussion‐related metrics is required.
Novel Forming Shoulder for Coated Paper‐Based Materials With Improved Convertibility and Minimum Wrinkles for Use in Vertical Form, Fill and Seal Machines
Authors: Merabtene Mahdi , Pesonen Antti , Tanninen Panu , Varis Juha , Leminen Ville
Published: October 2024

Most vertical form, fill and seal machines use thermoplastic films. However, the gradual shift towards sustainability has created challenges for the packaging industry to employ flexible coated paper‐based materials for packing products. Forming shoulders are a crucial component in packaging machinery for creating coated paper‐based packaging as the size and shape of the packaging depend on their geometrical features. However, the shoulder geometry and design can negatively affect paper packaging by causing unwanted wrinkles and tears, which can affect the shelf lives of products. Therefore, this study focused on developing a new shoulder and optimizing its geometrical parameters for coated paper‐based packaging. Conventional forming shoulders were experimentally investigated by evaluating the influence of their geometrical parameters on flexible coated papers before focusing on optimizing the new shoulder. Additionally, this study aimed to improve the overall runnability and convertibility of the coated paper on the forming shoulder. The newly designed optimized shoulder features an enhanced geometry that can minimize the stress–strain effect. Additionally, the computerized numerical control machined new shoulder features improved web tracking and material handling process. The study achieved to produce lower surface roughness with minimum number of wrinkles on the pillow bag's surface. Furthermore, it ensures that the oil‐ and grease‐resistance properties of the converted coated paper are maintained and feature an enhanced geometry that minimizes the stress–strain effect on paper, thereby offering a more sustainable and efficient packaging solution.
The Study on Controllable Preparation and Release Performance of Thermo‐Responsive Self‐Bursting PNIPAM Microcapsules
Authors: He Ting‐Ting , Zhao Ming‐Xin , Li Yang , Huang Wen‐Yuan , Yu Ya‐Lan , Wang Hao
Published: October 2024

A straightforward microfluidic approach has been developed to fabricate the monodisperse thermo‐responsive self‐bursting poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microcapsules for the rapid on‐demand release of liposoluble drugs. The PNIPAM microcapsules possess excellent structural integrity with a dense shell and spacious cavity, providing ample space for encapsulating liposoluble matters. The swollen hydrogel shells effectively prevent drugs leakage and contamination below the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT), while the shrunken hydrogel shells enable drugs to release from microcapsules above the VPTT. The microcapsules demonstrate rapid thermo‐responsiveness, with drug release occurring within 4–6 minutes and subsequent swelling taking place within 2–3 minutes. The PNIPAM microcapsules exhibit a reversible and repetitive swelling/shrinking response to temperature changes. The thermo‐responsive self‐bursting PNIPAM microcapsules exhibit great potential as microcarriers for encapsulating, storing, and rapidly releasing liposoluble substances such as drugs, fluorescent dyes, corrosion inhibitors, and other chemical ingredients. The simple, controllable and reproducible microfluidic approach presented here provides valuable guidance for the design and fabrication of monodisperse PNIPAM microcapsules.
Ni/ZSM‐23 Catalysts: Effect of Impregnating Solvent on the Hydroisomerization of n‐Hexadecane
Authors: Wang Zhibo , Yan Zitong , Shao Yingjie , Tang Tiandi , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2024

Bifunctional catalysts are widely used in the hydroisomerization of long‐chain n‐alkanes, which are of great significance in the production of high value‐added chemicals. Herein, the Ni/ZSM‐23‐W and Ni/ZSM‐23‐EG catalysts were prepared using water and ethylene glycol, respectively. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, NH3‐TPD, Py–IR, H2‐TPR, H2‐TPD, ICP–OES, and XPS, and their catalytic performance was evaluated by conducting the hydroisomerization of n‐hexadecane as a model reaction. It was revealed that the polarity of the impregnating solvent has a significant impact on the dispersion of Ni nanoparticles. When employing ethylene glycol as a solvent, a strong interaction occurred between NiOx and ZSM‐23 in the Ni/ZSM‐23‐EG catalyst, which facilitated the formation of small‐sized and well‐dispersed Ni nanoparticles. Consequently, the Ni/ZSM‐23‐EG catalyst demonstrated a strong hydrogenation capacity, yielding an impressive 72.9% of iso‐hexadecanes yield.
Molten‐Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of Carbon‐Doped BN Nanosheets for the Sensitive Detection of Paracetamol
Authors: Shen Hao , Ouyang Huiying , Li Weifeng , Long Yumei
Published: October 2024

High‐performance sensors are in constant demand for health care and environmental protection. In this study, a sensitive paracetamol (PCM) sensor was designed by modifying glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with carbon‐doped boron nitride (BCN/GCE) nanosheets. The BCN nanosheets were synthesized using a molten‐salt method, which ensured the uniformity of size distribution. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results suggested that the carbon‐doping hardly changed the crystal structure and morphology of hexagonal boron nitride (HBN). However, the carbon‐doping can reduce the bandgap, increase the specific surface area and improve the electrical conductivity, which is attributed to the formation of abundant point defects in the BN crystal. These point defects modulate electronic structure and surface activity, and further improve the electrocatalytic properties of BN. The BCN nanosheets exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic activity in the oxidation of paracetamol (PCM). With the help of square wave voltammetry (SWV) method, the BCN/GCE demonstrated linear current response towards PCM covering the concentrations of 0.05–70 μM and 70–200 μM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.0086 μM. The developed method also showed excellent selectivity and high stability. In addition, the BCN/GCE sensor worked well when it was applied to quantify PCM in actual samples.
Rapid Identification of Potential Depressant Compounds in Jasmine Leaves Using UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS Coupled with Machine Learning Techniques**
Authors: Yao Lihao , Yang Qi , Luo Deng , Jia Fang , Li Zihong , Hao Erwei , Deng Jiagang , Hou Xiaotao , Fan Lili
Published: October 2024

The following is an abstract of the study. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical constituents of Jasmine Leaves and predict their potential sedative effects. A rapid chemical analysis identified the compounds present in Jasmine Leaves. A database was created to establish “target‐disease” and “compound‐target” networks. Four machine learning models were developed and evaluated to predict the sedative potential of various compounds. Molecular docking was performed on the two most promising compounds identified through network analysis and their respective targets. A total of 34 compounds were identified in Jasmine Leaves. Eight compounds, including citric acid and Pogostone, were identified as being associated with genes involved in the process of sedation. The Random Forest (RF) model showed the best performance, with an accuracy of 0.75, an F1 score of 0.76, an AUC of 0.83, a sensitivity of 0.70, a specificity of 0.72, a precision of 0.77, and an MCC of 0.42. The model predicted the potential sedative effects of citric acid and Pogostone with probabilities of 0.51 and 0.29, respectively. Molecular docking results indicated that citric acid and Pogostone had strong interactions with tyrosinase and gamma‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, with MOE software scores of −3.83 and −4.18, respectively. This study concludes that a rapid assessment method was developed to evaluate the pharmacological potential of natural products, suggesting that Jasmine Leaves may exert sedative effects through interactions between citric acid and Pogostone with tyrosinase and GABAA receptors. Additionally, Jasmine Leaves show promise as a cost‐effective sleep aid beverage.
Boron Nitride‐Supported Fluorescein Isothiocyanate for Improving Optical Performance and Stability
Authors: Su Changhua , Lin Yan , Xing Anqi , Dou Like , Han Weifang
Published: October 2024

Organic luminogens play an indispensable role in optoelectronic devices, yet there is a pressing need to address their aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and stability. Here we designed and prepared multilayered boron nitride nanosheets/fluorescein isothiocyanate (MBNNSs/FITC) composite phosphors with tunable photoluminescence by controlling the FITC content and annealing temperature. The research results indicate that MBNNSs/FITC with low or high loading of FITC is not conducive to enhancing the emission intensity of FITC, which can be attributed to the fact that low loading leads to a decrease in the content of fluorescent groups, while high loading promotes intermolecular aggregation of FITC dyes. Interestingly, the emission intensity of FITC in MBNNSs/FITC‐6 composite phosphors can be further enhanced by annealing treatment (200 °C), which can be ascribed to the suppression of the ACQ and effective energy transfer from the MBNNSs to the FITC. Moreover, the resultant composite phosphor displays outstanding thermal stability, remarkable photo stability and exceptional water‐resistance. This work provides a new design space for the development of non‐rare‐earth fluorescent materials using organic fluorescent dyes.
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation, DFT, and Molecular Docking Study of a Co(II) Complex Derived from ON Donor Bidentate Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Ismaila Musa B. , Mala Grema A. , Umaru Usman , El‐Maksoud Mostafa S. Abd , Wakil Ibrahim M. , Coetzee Louis‐Charl C. , Waziri Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

The utilization of biologically active metal complexes in medicine is gaining recognition as an alternative approach to traditional biologically active organic molecules, which often exhibit undesirable side effects. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a Co(II) complex derived from the (E)‐2‐((2‐hydroxybenzylidene)amino)‐5‐methylbenzonitrile ligand system (HL) and cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate in a dichloromethane/methanol solution. A comprehensive characterization strategy was employed, involving proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, electronic spectra, PXRD, SEM‐EDX, and mass spectroscopies, as well as elemental analysis (CHN and Co), TGA, and molar conductance, to confirm the chemical structures of the ligand and its complex. The infrared spectral data revealed the ligand as a bidentate ligand, chelating the Co(II) ion through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the phenolate and imine groups. Additionally, PXRD and SEM analyses indicated crystalline and amorphous properties for the ligand and complex, respectively. Assessment of antimicrobial potential using a modified disc diffusion method, with streptomycin as the positive control, demonstrated the complex's enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the ligand against all tested bacteria, showing a concentration‐dependent response. Similarly, antioxidant studies revealed promising results, with the complex exhibiting superior DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 values: ligand 64.5 μg.mL−1, complex 43.1 μg.mL−1). Theoretical analysis through DFT calculations and molecular docking provided insights into the electronic properties and binding affinity of the ligand and complex, supporting the experimental findings and affirming the biological activities exhibited by the compounds. Overall, this research showcases the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of a promising Co(II) complex, highlighting its potential as an effective antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.
Synthesis, Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation, and POM/DFT/Docking Analysis of Novel Thiazolidine Derivatives as Potent Anticancer and Antifungal Agents
Authors: Majed Ahmed A. , Abdalzahra Qeaser R. , Al‐Hujaj Hamsa H. , Abid Dawood S. , Alomari Abdulaziz A. , Abdellah Islam M. , Elhenawy Ahmed A.
Published: October 2024

A series of 2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene)bis(N‐substituted phenylthiazolidine‐4‐amide) derivatives, denoted as (A3–9), were synthesized, and characterized for their potential applications against prostate cancer cells (PC3), and Candida albicans fungi. These compounds incorporate various substituents on the phenyl ring such as 4‐NO2, 3‐NO2, 4‐COCH3, 4‐H, 4‐OCH3, 4‐OCH2CH3, and 4‐Cl. The chemical structures of these derivatives were confirmed by NMR, FTIR, and mass spectroscopy. Biological assays, utilizing the MTT assay for prostate cancer cells (PC3) and the disk diffusion assay for Candida albicans fungi, were conducted to evaluate the bioactivity of these compounds. The results revealed promising cytotoxic and antifungal activities. Specifically, compounds A3 (IC50=69.74±0.96), A4 (IC50=63.64±0.950), and A9 (IC50=57.14±0.88 μg/mL) exhibited notable potency against PC3 cells, while A7 and A8 exhibited considerable antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans with MIC of 312 μg/mL. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) simulations were used to study electronic properties and reactivity descriptors such as energy gap (Eg), ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), chemical potential (μ), chemical hardness (η), global softness (σ), electronegativity (χ), and electrophilicity (ω) to gain a better understanding of the Structure‐Activity Relationship (SAR). Molecular docking analysis against DNA Gyrase and EGFR tyrosine kinase enzymes revealed strong binding interactions of the investigated molecules within their active sites, making them valuable candidates for further development as therapeutic agents against prostate cancer and fungal infections. POM analysis indicates the presence of two antifungal pharmacophore sites (O1δ−, O2δ−) and (O3δ−, O4δ−), as well as two antitumor pharmacophore sites (O1δ−, NH1δ+) and (O4δ−, NH2δ+).
MnO2‐Infused PAN Carbon Nanofibers Synthesized via Electrospinning for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Mohite Dadaso D. , Chavan Sachin S. , Kurkute Vijay K. , Lokhande P. E. , Kadam Vishal , Jagtap Chaitali , Rednam Udayabhaskar , Ansari Mushtaq Ahmad , Anil Kumar Yedluri
Published: October 2024

Supercapacitors (SCs) are crucial for high‐performance energy storage, offering high power density, swift charge–discharge rates, and durability. The enhancement of their performance hinges on the development of advanced electrode materials. This study presents an innovative method involving polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers adorned with manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs), created through electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment. This synergy exploits the extensive surface area and electrical conductivity of PAN nanofibers along with the substantial capacitance of MnO₂. The MnO₂‐coated PAN nanofibers reached an impressive specific capacitance of 247 F g−1 at a scan rate of 10 mVs−1, markedly boosting the efficacy of all‐solid‐state asymmetric SCs. The SCs, incorporating a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/potassium hydroxide (KOH) gel electrolyte, exhibited an energy density of 8.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 700 W kg−1, preserving 80.4% of their original capacitance after 5000 cycles. This research is pioneering in combining MnO₂ with PAN nanofibers, marking a significant leap forward in supercapacitor technology with enhanced energy storage capacity and prolonged stability. These findings underscore the promise of these composite materials in future energy storage solutions.
Synthesis, Structural Features and Fluorescent Properties of Terbium Acylpyrazolone Complexes
Authors: Travadi Maitrey , Jadeja Rajendrasinh N. , Butcher Ray J.
Published: October 2024

Three 8‐coordinated terbium acylpyrazolone complexes [Tb(DMBPMP)3(H2O)2] (Tb1), [Tb(DMBMCPMP)3(H2O)2] (Tb2), and [Tb(DMBPTMP)3(H2O)2] (Tb3) with a distorted bicapped trigonal prismatic structure were synthesized (where, 3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl 1‐(phenyl = DMBPMP/m‐chlorophenyl = DMBMCPMP/p‐tolyl = DMBPTMP) 3‐methyl 5‐pyrazolone). The structures of the complexes were comprehensively analyzed using mass ESI, FTIR, UV–vis, powder XRD, and TG‐DTA methods. Single‐crystal analysis of Tb3·H2O confirmed an eight‐coordinate structure (TbO8) with a distorted bicapped trigonal prismatic geometry. In the on‐state emission spectrum, the 5D4 → 7F5 transition exhibits hypersensitivity in the green region of the visible spectrum (∼540–560 nm). The differences between electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) transitions indicate a small degree of asymmetry. The examination of solid‐state emission spectra included the assessment of intensity, G/B ratio, green color purity, and the antenna effect energy diagram.
Review and Evaluation of Ceramic‐Stabilized Iron Oxides for Use as Energy Storage Based on Iron‐Steam Process
Authors: Göthel Julien , Burkmann Konrad Joerg , Volkova Olena
Published: October 2024

Several studies have reported about different hydrogen production and storage materials. The use of metal oxides, particularly iron oxides, as hydrogen storage materials offers a promising solution to bridge hydrogen production and utilization. The iron‐steam process, dating back to the 18th century, leverages iron's ability to bind oxygen from steam, producing hydrogen and iron oxides. This study revisits the iron/iron oxide system for its dual application as a hydrogen storage medium and as an energy carrier in systems like fuel cells. When integrated with high‐temperature electrolysis and fuel cells, this system can efficiently operate between 600 and 1000 °C. The key to long‐term performance lies in understanding the formation and stability of oxygen‐binding structures. Stabilizing the iron oxides for cycling procedures with other metal oxides like Al2O3, SiO2, and CaO is inevitable. Ceramic‐stabilized iron oxide pellets offer advantages including high cycling capability, efficient charge/discharge operations, and potential syngas production. They are particularly suitable for heavy goods vehicles, short‐term storage, and large‐scale industrial applications. Critical process parameters for the iron oxide material and process design must be investigated if an accurate assessment of the performance of this hydrogen storage concept is to be transferred into efficient practice.
Mechanical and micro‐characterization of alkali‐activated concrete under high‐temperature exposure
Authors: Pratap Bheem , Paswan Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Pramod
Published: October 2024

In the event of a fire, the performance of concrete becomes pivotal for structural integrity. Concrete undergoes significant changes in its mechanical properties when exposed to high temperatures. This study investigates the mechanical and micro‐characterization of concrete incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) under ambient and exposed conditions. The study examines alkali‐activated concrete (AAC) by implementing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as alkali activators. Three different fractions of GGBFS and alkali activators (AAs) were employed in the concrete mixes. The mechanical properties of the AAC were evaluated under ambient and elevated temperatures, and the results were compared with those of Portland slag cement (PSC). The study's findings indicate that AAC outperforms PSC, and the study recommends using 93% GGBFS with 7% AAs as a suitable replacement for PSC. The mechanical properties of AAC are enhanced by 20%–47% at ambient conditions. The strength loss for the AAC with increased temperature is also less than that of the PSC concrete.
An Improved Type of Synchronized Space Vector PWM Based on Switching Angles for High‐Power AC Drive Application
Authors: Fang Xiaochun , Sun Yuxiang , Zhu Longsheng , Chen Liqing
Published: October 2024

Synchronized space vector pulse width modulation (SSVPWM) is widely employed in high‐power AC drive systems. The existing methods are carrier‐based, in which the carrier ratio, position of samples, and switching sequences used to generate every sample for a given SSVPWM are settled, which causes two problems: (i) the control delay changes, and a voltage phase modulation error appears suddenly during transition between different SSVPWMs with different carrier ratios, which causes motor current spikes; (ii) due to the particular switching sequences, some kinds of SSVPWM cannot get into six‐step operation by overmodulation. This paper proposes an improved type of SSVPWM based on switching angles, in which the carrier ratio of a given SSVPWM can change flexibly, and the problems mentioned above can be solved. Theories including switching angle calculation, overmodulation strategy, carrier ratio setting principle, and transition rules between different SSVPWM modes are given in this paper. Meanwhile, the switching angles change linearly with modulation index which makes it easy to implement, and the modulation error in the overmodulation region is effectively limited so that the proposed scheme is suitable in the whole modulation index range. A case study of a 5.5‐kW experimental platform is presented to validate the proposed method. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Effects of Students' Contact With the English Language and Its Users on Students' Preferences for Global Englishes Language Teaching
Authors: Funada Natsuno
Published: October 2024

Studies on Global Englishes (GE)‐related pedagogical and curricular innovations emphasize the importance of exposing students to the diversity of English and its users. However, they do not provide direct evidence of changes in students' attitudes. The reliability and validity of existing quantitative instruments for measuring students' attitudes toward GE‐related ideologies in English language teaching (ELT) have not been thoroughly evaluated. Consequently, more rigorous research is needed to understand these attitudes and promote curriculum changes. This mixed‐methods study addresses this need by linking students' contact with English users, “traditional” ELT, and Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT) attitudes. The study utilized 436 validated participant responses to validated scales and two focus group interviews within the Japanese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. Results from partial least squares structural equation modeling were supported by focus group data analysis, showing that student contact predicted their preferences for GELT. Additionally, the study found that this relationship was partially mediated by students' preferences for “traditional” ELT, adding complexity to GE‐related innovations in EFL contexts. This article discusses the pedagogical implications for addressing challenges in changing attitudes and provides recommendations for further research.
Acquisition of Sociophonetic Variation in an EFL Context: Evidence from Production, Perception, and Awareness
Authors: Gnevsheva Ksenia
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the acquisition of sociophonetic competence by English as a foreign language learners in production and perception. Adult learners of English completed speaking, listening, and questionnaire tasks, aimed at assessing their acquisition of sociolinguistic constraints on (ING). First, they were interviewed and read 30 sentences, containing the target variable, in English. Next, they participated in a listening task where they had to discriminate between more and less formal sentences, varying in the (ING) variant. Lastly, they completed an awareness and biographical questionnaire. An analysis of the speaking task revealed partial acquisition of variable rules: The alveolar variant was more likely to appear in verbs and the velar one—after an alveolar consonant. Style was not significant. Participants also did not distinguish between velar and alveolar variants in perception of formality. Measures of English proficiency and exposure did not predict acquisition of (ING) in production and perception. The questionnaire revealed minimal awareness of (ING) and other phonetic/phonological variables, which may be one of the contributing factors to its incomplete acquisition in production and perception.
Predicting neonatal mortality prior to discharge from hospital in prenatally diagnosed left congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Shinar S. , Otvodenko A. , Kajal D. , Chiu P. P. L. , Lee S. , Shah P. S. , Van Mieghem T. , Kunpalin Y. , Guerguerian A.‐M. , Ryan G. , Abbasi N.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the association of standardized prenatal imaging parameters and immediate neonatal variables with mortality prior to discharge in infants with isolated left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (LCDH), and to compare the performance of ultrasound‐ and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based severity grading for the prediction of neonatal mortality.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of infants with prenatally diagnosed isolated LCDH referred to a single tertiary center between 2008 and 2020. Fetuses with right or bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia, additional major structural anomaly or known genetic condition, as well as cases that underwent fetal intervention or declined postnatal intervention, were excluded. Ultrasound and MRI images were reviewed retrospectively. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed, incorporating prenatal and immediate neonatal factors to analyze the association with neonatal mortality prior to discharge, and a prediction calculator was generated. The performance of ultrasound and that of MRI for the prediction of neonatal mortality were compared.

Results

Of 253 pregnancies with fetal CDH, 104 met the inclusion criteria, of whom 77 (74%) neonates survived to discharge. Seventy‐five fetuses underwent both prenatal ultrasound and MRI. On multivariable analysis, observed/expected (o/e) lung‐to‐head ratio and o/e total fetal lung volume were associated independently with neonatal death (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83–0.95) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84–0.97), respectively), whereas liver position was not. There was no significant difference in predictive performance between using ultrasound and MRI together (area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76–0.93)) compared with using ultrasound alone (AUC, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72–0.90); P = 0.19). The addition of neonatal parameters (gestational age at birth and small‐for‐gestational age) did not improve model performance (AUC, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80–0.95)) compared with the combined ultrasound and MRI model (P = 0.22). There was poor agreement between severity assessment on ultrasound and MRI (Cohen's κ, 0.19). Most discrepancies were seen among cases deemed to be non‐severe on ultrasound and severe on MRI, and outcomes were more consistent with MRI‐based prognostication.

Conclusions

In fetuses with prenatally diagnosed isolated LCDH, mortality prediction using standardized ultrasound and MRI measurements performed reasonably well. In cases classified as non‐severe on ultrasound, MRI is recommended, as it may provide more accurate prognostication and assist in the determination of candidacy for fetal intervention. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Estimating Regional Rental Prices on LAU 2 Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Authors: Alfken Christoph , Articus Charlotte , Brenzel Hanna , Emmenegger Jana , Münnich Ralf , Rohde Johannes
Published: October 2024

Recently, rental prices came more and more into focus in policy. Latest developments show highly different developments among cities and rural regions. The Ukraine and energy crises caused additional impact on high rental prices due to an imbalance of supply and demand, as well as to affordable living space especially in big cities. Hence, reliable estimates are of major importance for evidence-based policy. However, available data sources are either subject to selection biases, e.g. web-scraped data, or hardly allow accurate estimates on small regional scale. The present chapter derives small area estimates on LAU 2 level using classical and spatial Fay–Herriot methods in contrast to rental prices from Internet platforms. The data in use are official data from the federal state North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
Short and longterm outcome of minimally invasive therapy of median arcuate ligament syndrome
Authors: Butz Frederike , Haase Oliver , Martin Friederike , Hillebrandt Karl Herbert , Knitter Sebastian , Schöning Wenzel , Raschzok Nathanael , Pratschke Johann , Krenzien Felix
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare disorder caused by compression of the celiac artery (CA) by the median arcuate ligament (MAL). Common symptoms include postprandial abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. While laparoscopic MAL division has long been considered the procedure of choice, robotic-assisted procedures have been increasingly used since their introduction. Aim of this study was to evaluate peri- and postoperative outcomes after minimally invasive MAL release.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing minimally invasive MAL release at the Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, between 2014 and 2023 was performed.

Results

20 patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent either laparoscopic (n = 3) or robotic (n = 17) MAL release. Most common preoperative symptoms were postprandial abdominal pain (90%), weight loss (45%), diarrhea (30%), and nausea (25%). Comparing laparoscopic and robotic surgery, neither the median duration of surgery (minutes: 98 (90–290) vs. 125 (80–254); p = 0.765), the median length of hospital stay (days: 4 (3–4) vs. 5 (3–6); p = 0.179) and intraoperative blood loss (< 50 ml in both groups, p = 1.0) showed significant differences. Peak systolic velocity in the CA was significantly reduced postoperatively (cm/s: 320 (200–765) vs. 167 (100–500), p < 0.001). Postoperatively, 17 (85%) patients reported symptom improvement, while 4 (20%) patients had no symptom relief at last follow-up. In 3 cases, follow-up imaging showed evidence of respiratory-related CA stenosis.

Conclusion

Despite being complex and challenging procedures, laparoscopic and robotic-assisted MAL release are safe procedures with low risk of postoperative complications and good longterm outcomes.
Exploring the “led” in health professional student-led experiences: a scoping review
Authors: Lising Dean , Copley Jodie , Hill Anne , Martyniuk Julia , Patterson Freyr , Quinlan Teresa , Parker Kathryn
Published: October 2024

To support a complex health system, students are expected to be competent leaders as well as competent clinicians. Intentional student leadership development is needed in health professional education programs. Student-led experiences such as student-run clinics and interprofessional training wards, are practice-based learning opportunities where learners provide leadership to clinical services and/or address a gap in the system. Given the absence of leadership definitions and concepts, this scoping review explored how student leadership is conceptualized and developed in student-led experiences. The review was conducted in accordance with best practices in scoping review methodology within the scope of relevant practice-based student-led experiences for health professional students. The research team screened 4659 abstracts, identified 315 articles for full-text review and selected 75 articles for data extraction and analysis. A thematic analysis produced themes related to leadership concepts/theories/models, objectives, facilitation/supervision, assessment and evaluation of curriculum. While responding to system gaps within health professional care, student-led experiences need to align explicit leadership theory/concepts/models with curricular objectives, pedagogy, and assessments to support health professional education. To support future student-led experiences, authors mapped five leadership student role profiles that were associated with student-led models and could be constructively aligned with theory and concepts. In addition to leveraging a student workforce to address system needs, student-led experiences must also be a force for learning through a reciprocal model of leadership and service to develop future health professionals and leaders.
Herding cats: integrative leadership strategies in inter- and transdisciplinary research programs
Authors: Deutsch Lisa , Björnsen Astrid , Fischer Andreas M. , Hama Angela Michiko , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Zurbrügg Christian , Hoffmann Sabine
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on the critical role of integrative leadership in inter- and transdisciplinary (ITD) research programs. ITD programs have become one of academia’s responses to address contemporary sustainability challenges. Fulfilling the promise of such programs is extraordinarily challenging for all involved participants, but especially for program leaders who have to ensure that the perspectives of the involved program participants become truly integrated and that final and useful synthesis outputs are created. We present six core leadership challenges and respective strategies to address them to advance integration within ITD programs. These challenges include (1) mastering complexity and ambiguity, (2) advancing decision-making with lateral leadership, (3) ensuring responsibility and accountability, (4) setting program boundaries, (5) selecting suitable projects, and (6) dealing with misconceptions. We derived these challenges and respective strategies from both leading and studying in-depth three ITD programs focusing on sustainability issues in Switzerland. With this paper, we intend to promote awareness about the range of leadership challenges in ITD programs and provide actionable knowledge, which can support in particular fellow and future leaders, but also funders and heads of research institutions in their efforts to realize the integrative potential of such programs.

Graphical abstract

Image 1: © Eawag: Lisa Deutsch & Sabine Hoffmann; Stückelberger Cartoons: Christof Stückelberger, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
Two new species of Clusia (Clusiaceae) endemic to Costa Rica
Authors: Luján Manuel , Wodcke Emma , Hammel Barry
Published: October 2024

During the preparation of Clusiaceae for the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, several new species of Clusia L. were identified but left with lettered informal names. Here, we formally describe two of those. Clusia dotana Hammel can be distinguished most assuredly from morphologically related species by its pistillate flowers with 24 – 26 (– 42) staminodes and the unusual large mass of yellow arillate tissue covering the seeds. Clusia osaensis Hammel is similar to C. dotana but distinct by having relatively longer inflorescences (5 – 15 cm vs 4.5 cm), pistillate flowers with 16 staminodes, and seeds covered in an orange aril. These two new species are known from a limited number of localities and are endemic to mountain and lowland forests on the Pacific slopes in central and southern Costa Rica.