bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 1% Ropivacaine and a Mixture of 2% Lignocaine and 0.5% Bupivacaine for Peribulbar Anaesthesia in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Corke P. J. , Baker J. , Cammack R.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the study was to compare 1% ropivacaine and hyaluronidase 75 units/ml with a 1:1 mixture of 2% lignocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine and hyaluronidase 75 units/ml for peribulbar anaesthesia in cataract surgery. We conducted a double-blind randomized trial involving 100 patients. Group 1 received a peribulbar injection of 8 ml of 1% ropivacaine and hyaluronidase 75 units/ml. Group 2 received a peribulbar injection of 8 ml of a 1:1 mixture of 2% lignocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine and hyaluronidase 75 units/ml. Parameters measured were ocular and eyelid movement scores, time suitable for surgery, need for supplementary injections, verbal pain score and complications. No statistical differences were found between the two groups regarding any of the study parameters. Both groups had excellent surgical analgesia and akinesia. We conclude that 1% ropivacaine is a suitable agent for single injection peribulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery.
Antenatal and Preoperative Genetic and Clinical Assessment in Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: Boyle R.
Published: January 2019

The antenatal investigation of an obstetric patient with a history of myotonia is described. The smooth and striated muscle dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy renders these patients, as a group, liable to surgical correction and exposure to anaesthesia. A caesarean section is reported to illustrate the preferred timing of diagnosis and peripartum management. While regional anaesthesia is preferred, myotonic dystrophy is not a contraindication to general anaesthesia, provided risks are anticipated and steps taken to minimize complications.
Extravascular Lung Water and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—Oxygenation and Outcome
Authors: Davey-Quinn A. , Gedney J. A. , Whiteley S. M. , Bellamy M. C.
Published: January 2019

We studied eleven consecutive patients to assess the influence of extravascular lung water on clinical outcome. All patients were mechanically ventilated using a standardized protocol. Inspired oxygen concentration was adjusted to an initial target PaO2 of greater than 8.0 kPa (60.8 mmHg). All patients received inhaled nitric oxide (NO) at a concentration of 20 ppm. Extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) was measured by a dual indicator technique (COLD Z-021 monitoring system, Pulsion, Munich, Germany). Patients were managed with fluids and inotropes according to a standard protocol.

Median age was 45 (range 27–60) years, mean APACHE II score on admission 31 (range 17–36), duration of mechanical ventilation 15 (range 6–28) days, mean admission Murray lung injury score 2.5 (range 2–3) and admission EVLWI 20.8 (range 8.7 to 54.7) ml.kg−1.

The only variables independently predictive of PaO2/FiO2 ratio were serum albumin (B = 1.7±1.61) and EVLWI (B = −2.1 ±0.47), r2=0.33, P<0.0001. In severe ARDS, (PaO2/FiO2<l50 mmHg), mean EVLWI was 24.4 (22.4 to 26.4, 95% confidence intervals) ml.kg−1 compared with 15.1 (12.2 to 18.0) ml.kg−1 during moderate ARDS (P<0.001). Serum albumin likewise differed, 29.4 (27.6 to 31.2) vs 35.1 (31.8 to 38.4) g.1−1, P<0.005. PAOP was higher during periods of poor oxygenation, 12.7 (11.9 to 13.5) vs 9.3 (7.9 to 10.7) mmHg, P<0.001. The four survivors had greater initial EVLWI than non-survivors, 31 (24.1 to 37.9) vs 20.7 (16.0 to 25.4) ml.kg−1, P=0.034 and showed a greater reduction in lung water, 15.2 (9.3 to 21.1) vs 5.4 (2.1 to 8.7) ml.kg−1, P=0.013.
Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Crerar-Gilbert A. , Boots R.
Published: January 2019

Acute massive pulmonary embolism carries a high mortality with the majority of deaths occurring during the early phase. We describe a case of massive pulmonary embolism resulting in severe cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest which was treated successfully with inhaled nitric oxide.
Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Gynaecological Laparotomies: A Comparison of Tropisetron and Ondansetron
Authors: Tsui S. L. , Ng K. F. J. , Wong L. C. , Tang G. W. K. , Pun T. C. , Yang J. C. S.
Published: January 2019

In a randomized, double-blind study, the antiemetic efficacy of a single bolus of tropisetron 5 mg (group T, 37 patients), ondansetron 4 mg (group O, 39 patients) or saline (group C, 45 patients) given at induction was compared in a homogeneous group of 121 patients undergoing gynaecological laparotomy and receiving postoperative patient-controlled intravenous morphine for 24 to 48 hours. Fewer group T and group O patients developed severe nausea compared to group C (P<0.01, log rank test in Kaplan-Meier analysis). Group T patients also had lower nausea scores than group O at 8 to 16h (P<0.05). The overall incidences of severe nausea in groups T, O, and C were 5.4%, 17.9%, and 44.4% respectively (P<0.001, group T vs group C; P<0.05 group O vs group C). In conclusion, the 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonists tropisetron and ondansetron were superior to placebo in preventing PONV.
Establishment of Prediction Models of Asphalt Pavement Performance based on a Novel Data Calibration Method and Neural Network
Authors: Yao Linyi , Dong Qiao , Jiang Jiwang , Ni Fujian
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to develop models to forecast the deterioration of pavement conditions including rutting, roughness, skid-resistance, transverse cracking, and pavement surface distress. A data quality control method was proposed to rebuild the performance data based on the idea of longest increasing or decreasing subsequences. Neural network (NN) was used to develop the five models, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimension of traffic variables. The influence of different input variables on the model outputs was discussed respectively by comparing their mean impact values (MIV). Results show that the proposed NN models demonstrated great potential for accurate prediction of pavement conditions, with an average testing R-square of 0.8692. The results of sensitivity analysis revealed that recent pavement conditions may influence the future pavement conditions significantly. Rutting and roughness were sensitive to pavement age and maintenance type. The materials of original pavement asphalt layer were highly relevant to the prediction of pavement roughness, skid-resistance, and pavement surface distress. Moreover, traffic loads obviously affected the pavement skid-resistance and transverse cracking. Pavement and bridge had different effect on surface distress. The material of the base has a remarkable impact on the initiation and development of transverse cracks. Disease treatment in terms of pavement cracking—such as sticking the cracks, excavating and filling the cracks—shows a high MIV in the prediction model of transverse cracking and pavement surface distress.
Factor Validation of the Staff Perceptions of Behavior and Discipline (SPBD) Survey
Authors: Feuerborn Laura L. , Tyre Ashli D. , Zečević Mladen
Published: January 2019

The implementation of schoolwide positive behavior interventions and supports (SWPBIS) requires a shift from a reliance on reactionary discipline to prevention-oriented supports, and it requires that staff adopt and regularly apply the practices throughout the building. This level of systemic change in staff thinking and practice is challenging to achieve and sustain, but data can assist teams in navigating the process. The Staff Perceptions of Behavior and Discipline (SPBD) is a needs assessment survey developed to measure staff beliefs, needs, and concerns for discipline and behavioral support practices. This tool can help teams make data-informed decisions, and target professional development to fit the needs and concerns of staff in their building. This study reexamines the internal consistency and factor structure of the SPBD using an expanded data set of 147 schools, including elementary, middle, and high schools across several geographic regions in the United States. The results corroborate the SPBD’s existing factor structure over alternative factor structures and support the internal consistency of each subscale. Implications for practice and future research are provided.
Examining the Relative Utility of PBIS Implementation Fidelity Scores in Relation to Student Outcomes
Authors: Pas Elise T. , Johnson Stacy R. , Debnam Katrina J. , Hulleman Chris S. , Bradshaw Catherine P.
Published: January 2019

There are several widely used Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) implementation fidelity measures, including the Schoolwide Evaluation Tool (SET), but there is limited empirical investigation substantiating the association between specific fidelity cut point scores and student outcomes. This article examined different SET cut points in reference to school-level outcomes across 180 elementary, middle, and high schools participating in randomized trials of PBIS. Specifically, we examined the implementation fidelity achieved in the sample, as well as within each school level (i.e., elementary, middle, and high). Using the binary complier index, we examined the association of each of three SET cut points with behavioral and academic outcomes using t tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Although the t tests did not provide confirmation of one specific cut point, post hoc analyses suggested that the cut point may need to be tailored to school levels. There was moderate convergence between implementation on one scale (i.e., responses to behavioral violations) and academic achievement, based on ROC curve analyses for the 70% and 80% cut points. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
The Efficacy of a Health Promotion Intervention for Indigenous Women: Reclaiming Our Spirits
Authors: Varcoe Colleen , Ford-Gilboe Marilyn , Browne Annette J. , Perrin Nancy , Bungay Vicky , McKenzie Holly , Smye Victoria , Price (Elder) Roberta , Inyallie Jane , Khan Koushambhi , Dion Stout Madeleine
Published: January 2019

Indigenous women globally are subjected to high rates of multiple forms of violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV), yet there is often a mismatch between available services and Indigenous women’s needs and there are few evidence-based interventions specifically designed for this group. Building on an IPV-specific intervention (Intervention for Health Enhancement After Leaving [iHEAL]), “Reclaiming Our Spirits” (ROS) is a health promotion intervention developed to address this gap. Offered over 6 to 8 months in a partnership between nurses and Indigenous Elders, nurses worked individually with women focusing on six areas for health promotion and integrated health-related workshops within weekly Circles led by an Indigenous Elder. The efficacy of ROS in improving women’s quality of life and health was examined in a community sample of 152 Indigenous women living in highly marginalizing conditions in two Canadian cities. Participants completed standard self-report measures of primary (quality of life, trauma symptoms) and secondary outcomes (depressive symptoms, social support, mastery, personal agency, interpersonal agency, chronic pain disability) at three points: preintervention (T1), postintervention (T2), and 6 months later (T3). In an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to examine hypothesized changes in outcomes over time. As hypothesized, women’s quality of life and trauma symptoms improved significantly pre- to postintervention and these changes were maintained 6 months later. Similar patterns of improvement were noted for five of six secondary outcomes, although improvements in interpersonal agency were not maintained at T3. Chronic pain disability did not change over time. Within a context of extreme poverty, structural violence, and high levels of trauma and substance use, some women enrolled but were unable to participate. Despite the challenging circumstances in the women’s lives, these findings suggest that this intervention has promise and can be effectively tailored to the specific needs of Indigenous women.
A Validated Screening Instrument for Identifying Intimate Partner Violence in South Asian Immigrant Women
Authors: Soglin Lenore F. , Ragavan Maya I. , Li Jennifer Chen , Soglin David F.
Published: January 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) for South Asian immigrants is prevalent and has many unique sociodemographic and cultural factors associated with it. Current screening instruments do not address the unique cultural factors associated with IPV in this population. The South Asian Violence Screen (SAVS) is a 14-item screening tool for IPV designed based on the specific demographic and cultural issues affecting South Asian immigrant women in the United States. The tool was validated using the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA), a well-established survey instrument for detecting IPV. The participants in the study included 116 South Asian immigrant women, who were recruited from a medical clinic and two community centers in Chicago, IL. With a prevalence of 23.3% of women reporting physical abuse and 28.4% reporting nonphysical abuse, the negative predictive value of the SAVS compared with the ISA was 0.99 and 0.97 for physical abuse and nonphysical abuse, respectively. When compared with the ISA-physical, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.96 and 0.87, respectively, and when compared with the ISA-nonphysical, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. This study demonstrates that the SAVS is an effective and efficient screening tool in the South Asian immigrant population in Chicago.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a High School Relationship Abuse and Sexual Assault Bystander Prevention Program: School Personnel and Student Perspectives
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Waterman Emily A. , Lee Katherine D. M. , Himlin Lorelei , Parm Kirby , Banyard Victoria L.
Published: January 2019

Relationship abuse (RA) and sexual assault (SA) are concerning issues for high school youth that occur at alarmingly high rates. Therefore, school-based prevention programs are often developed to try to mitigate these issues. The attitudinal and behavioral changes stemming from school-based intervention programs are often the primary focus of outcome research, but it is also important to identify program feasibility (e.g., dosage, adherence) and acceptability (e.g., likeability). The current study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a high school classroom-based RA and SA intervention, Bringing in the Bystander–High School Curriculum (BITB-HSC); the BITB-HSC also includes a workshop and reading materials for school personnel and parents. Data were collected after the BITB-HSC was administered in high schools from students who participated in the program ( N = 970) and school personnel who were exposed to some components of the BITB-HSC and provided feedback ( N = 161). Results indicate that overall students were adherent to the BITB-HSC (e.g., attended sessions) and that the majority of students understood the information presented, thought the program was good, and liked the facilitators. School personnel data indicated that they were generally supportive of the program and found the school personnel workshop and handout helpful. These findings extend current knowledge regarding the implementation of school-based violence prevention programs and highlight the importance of research on program feasibility and acceptability when developing a program for large-scale dissemination.
A robust Bayesian meta-analytic approach to incorporate animal data into phase I oncology trials
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Hampson Lisa V , Wandel Simon
Published: January 2019

Before a first-in-man trial is conducted, preclinical studies are performed in animals to help characterise the safety profile of the new medicine. We propose a robust Bayesian hierarchical model to synthesise animal and human toxicity data, using scaling factors to translate doses administered to different animal species onto an equivalent human scale. After scaling doses, the parameters of dose-toxicity models intrinsic to different animal species can be interpreted on a common scale. A prior distribution is specified for each translation factor to capture uncertainty about differences between toxicity of the drug in animals and humans. Information from animals can then be leveraged to learn about the relationship between dose and risk of toxicity in a new phase I trial in humans. The model allows human dose-toxicity parameters to be exchangeable with the study-specific parameters of animal species studied so far or non-exchangeable with any of them. This leads to robust inferences, enabling the model to give greatest weight to the animal data with parameters most consistent with human parameters or discount all animal data in the case of non-exchangeability. The proposed model is illustrated using a case study and simulations. Numerical results suggest that our proposal improves the precision of estimates of the toxicity rates when animal and human data are consistent, while it discounts animal data in cases of inconsistency.
Treatment Strategy for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm in Elderly Patients: Coiling, Clipping, or Conservative?
Authors: Yang H. , Jiang H. , Ni W. , Leng B. , Bin X. , Chen G. , Tian Y. , Gu Y.
Published: January 2019

An increasing number of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) has been discovered in elderly patients in recent years, but the optimal treatment strategy for these patients remains controversial. We report our six-year experience treating UIAs in elderly patients (≥ 70 years old). A retrospective review was conducted of elderly patients who harbored UIAs treated by conservative observation, microsurgical clipping, or endovascular coiling between January 2009 and December 2014. The patients’ clinical and imaging information was recorded. Treating methods, procedure-related complications, imaging results, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. A total of 141 consecutive elderly patients with 166 UIAs were enrolled in our study. In all, 64 patients with 79 aneurysms were treated with coiling, and 14 patients with 14 aneurysms were treated with clipping. The remaining 63 patients with 73 aneurysms were placed under conservative observation. The average modified Rankin scale was 0.99 (range 0–6) in the full cohort after a mean follow-up of 50.4 months (range 0–70 months). There was no significant difference of modified Rankin scale in patients with UIAs treated by different methods. Multivariate analysis showed that age ( p=0.030) and aneurysm size ( p=0.011) were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcome of UIAs in the elderly. Patient age ( p=0.010) and aneurysm size ( p=0.020) were also significantly associated with unfavorable outcome of UIAs managed with observation initially. Our results indicated that endovascular coil embolization and clipping were both safe and effective treatment methods for UIAs in the elderly. Aggressive treatment for UIAs in elderly patients with risk factors of aneurysm rupture should be considered positively.
Potential of lactic acid bacteria from Pico cheese for starter culture development
Authors: Câmara SP , Dapkevicius A , Riquelme C , Elias RB , Silva CCG , Malcata FX , Dapkevicius MLNE
Published: January 2019

Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria may provide a means of promoting the quality and safety of traditional fermented food products, in particular, artisanal cheeses. Pico cheese is an artisanal, dairy specialty of the Azores in risk of disappearing. Efforts to maintain its quality to the requirements of the modern markets are, thus, necessary. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from artisanal Pico cheese, identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and their potential as starter cultures was evaluated by studying their acidification ability, enzymatic activities (caseinolysis, lipolysis and API-ZYM profile), diacetyl and expolysaccharide production, autolysis, antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7466, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29523, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 8357, sensory evaluation of odour formation in milk, syneresis and firmness of the curd. Several of the studied lactic acid bacteria isolates showed interesting properties for practical application as starters in artisanal cheese production. The isolates with the highest number of positive traits and, therefore, the most promising for starter development were Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis L1C21M1, Lactobacillus paracasei L1B1E3, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides L1C1E6, Lactobacillus casei L1A1E5 and L1C1E8.
Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of green microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus
Authors: Dantas Danielli Matias de Macedo , Oliveira Carlos Yure Barbosa de , Costa Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão , Carneiro-da-Cunha Maria das Graças , Gálvez Alfredo Olivera , Bezerra Ranilson de Souza
Published: January 2019

Microalgae are considered one of the most promising raw materials for the development of high value products for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic industries, as well as being potential sources of protein, vitamins, and minerals for human consumption. Hence, the present research focuses extraction of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds from Scenedesmus subspicatus using solvents of different polarities. Different solvents such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water were used to extract compounds from the green microalgae S. subspicatus and then they were examined for phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties. In vitro free radical quenching and total antioxidant activity of extracts were investigated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl and compared with catequin and gallic acid as positive controls. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Aqueous extracts and dimethyl sulfoxide presented better performance in phytochemical analysis. This result showed consistency in the sequential tests. The antioxidant activity was also better using the two solvents cited above. The extracts acetone, water, and dimethyl sulfoxide showed ability to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis. However, only dimethyl sulfoxide inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Use of the aqueous extract, proven its effectiveness, is an economic protocol and avoids the use of toxic substances.
What Do Meta-Analyses Have to Say About the Efficacy of Neurofeedback Applied to Children With ADHD? Review of Previous Meta-Analyses and a New Meta-Analysis
Authors: Riesco-Matías Pablo , Yela-Bernabé José Ramón , Crego Antonio , Sánchez-Zaballos Elena
Published: January 2019

Objective: We reviewed previously published meta-analyses of neurofeedback applied to children with ADHD and conducted a new meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that updates previous results and incorporates methodological modifications. Method: Searches were carried out through PubMed, Sage, PsycINFO, SpringerLink, and Psicodoc. We used Hedges’ (adjusted) g and a random-effects model. To assess heterogeneity, Q and I2 were calculated. We performed different analyses depending on the control groups, ADHD symptoms, pre- and/or posttreament data used and symptom evaluator. Results: We reviewed seven meta-analyses, and 17 studies were incorporated into the meta-analysis. RCTs support the efficacy of neurofeedback applied to ADHD when most proximal evaluators assess symptoms. Neurofeedback significantly improves inattention symptoms when possibly blinded evaluators assess symptoms. The preliminary results suggest that stimulant medication is more effective than neurofeedback. Conclusion: New RCTs that establish links between ADHD symptom measurements, subjects’ learning after neurofeedback, and neurophysiological measures could improve the quality of the conclusions.
First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia
Authors: Gornik Heather L , Persu Alexandre , Adlam David , Aparicio Lucas S , Azizi Michel , Boulanger Marion , Bruno Rosa Maria , de Leeuw Peter , Fendrikova-Mahlay Natalia , Froehlich James , Ganesh Santhi K , Gray Bruce H , Jamison Cathlin , Januszewicz Andrzej , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Kadian-Dodov Daniella , Kim Esther SH , Kovacic Jason C , Mace Pamela , Morganti Alberto , Sharma Aditya , Southerland Andrew M , Touzé Emmanuel , van der Niepen Patricia , Wang Jiguang , Weinberg Ido , Wilson Scott , Olin Jeffrey W , Plouin Pierre-Francois
Published: January 2019

This article is a comprehensive document on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), which was commissioned by the working group ‘Hypertension and the Kidney’ of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM). This document updates previous consensus documents/scientific statements on FMD published in 2014 with full harmonization of the position of European and US experts. In addition to practical consensus-based clinical recommendations, including a consensus protocol for catheter-based angiography and percutaneous angioplasty for renal FMD, the document also includes the first analysis of the European/International FMD Registry and provides updated data from the US Registry for FMD. Finally, it provides insights on ongoing research programs and proposes future research directions for understanding this multifaceted arterial disease.
Designing and implementing a positive body image program: Unchartered territory with a diverse team of participants
Authors: Bailey K Alysse , Gammage Kimberley L , van Ingen Cathy
Published: January 2019

This article highlights the use and importance of action research in creating a new positive body image program. The purpose of the larger action research project was to design, test, and implement a positive body image program by working with a core group of diverse stakeholders from an exercise facility. Stakeholders included older adults (aged 55+), people with physical disabilities, and those with cardiovascular disease or risk factors, populations rarely included in the body image literature, particularly in program design. The resulting program was built to teach members of the facility about body image (e.g. its definition, causes, and influences), positive body image, and how to manage their own body image experiences and be critical of the Western beauty ideal. The project is outlined with emphasis on the development of the program along with the researcher’s reflexive notes and participant feedback. We also highlight the strengths and challenges of using action research in the development of a positive body image program with suggestions to improve this process for future action researchers. This research highlights the importance of using action research in order to engage participants who are not typically involved in the knowledge production process of body image program development.
Four-component, white LED with good colour quality and minimum damage to traditional Chinese paintings
Authors: Dang R , Wang N , Liu G , Tan H
Published: January 2019

A correlated colour temperature tunable, four-component, LED system suitable for illuminating traditional Chinese paintings painted with inorganic pigments (iop-TCPs) has been designed. This light source can meet the requirements for protective illumination and colour quality in museum illumination. The damage to iop-TCPs caused by the individual 450 nm, 510 nm, 583 nm and 650 nm monochromatic LEDs used to construct the LED system were obtained through a long-term illumination experiment. Then, we calculated the damage resulting from the corresponding four-component white LEDs with various spectral power distributions, the intensities of which were iterated by a brute force algorithm. The constructed spectral power distributions were evaluated by the damage and colour quality formulae. The results showed that the better colour quality spectral power distributions with higher correlated colour temperatures cause less damage to iop-TCPs. The lowest damage spectral power distributions, satisfying colour quality requirements with correlated colour temperatures ranging from 2700 K to 4000 K, were obtained by calculating the corresponding parameters of the formed spectral power distributions and further selection. This paper not only provides a colour temperature tunable, four-component, white LED system suitable for illuminating iop-TCPs but also sets out a methodology that can be used to identify white LEDs suitable for other cultural relics based on damage limitation and visual requirements.
Drawn aligned polymer microfibres for tissue engineering
Authors: Strnadová Kateřina , Stanislav Lukáš , Krabicová Ilona , Sabol Filip , Lukášek Jan , Řezanka Michal , Lukáš David , Jenčová Věra
Published: January 2019

Oriented fibres and materials based on orientated fibres have great potential for use in tissue engineering for tissues, where the arrangement of extracellular matrix is fundamental. The drawing method is based on mechanical pulling of a polymer solution out of its base droplet, resulting in a solidified fibre of determined geometrical characteristics. A new machine designed for lab scale drawing was invented enabling a repeatable quality of drawing conditions. The results demonstrate that it is possible to influence and define the fibre diameter and its distribution. From the in vitro experiments, it is evident that the aligned fibres guide the cell growth in the direction of the fibres. Moreover, the prepared fibres were functionalised with polypyrrole as an example of their versatility. These features make drawing an easy and suitable tool for the fabrication of scaffolds with a precise structure for tissues, e.g. nerve tissue.
Effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Yaghmour Khaled M. , Atkinson Sam , Chisari Emanuele , McDonnell Stephen M. , Khan Wasim
Published: January 2019

Total joint arthroplasty is associated with significant blood loss, that could result in the need of blood transfusions. Several techniques are being utilised to limit the volume of blood loss, in order to avoid transfusion. In this review, we look at blood loss in total joint arthroplasty and the perioperative strategies to limit the loss of blood. With the use of tranexamic acid gaining popularity, we analyse the published literature on its use in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. We have found that published studies favour using tranexamic acid in total joint arthroplasty as a safe and effective method of reducing blood loss.
Hypoglossal nerve palsy due to carotid artery dissection: an uncommon presentation of a common problem
Authors: Jurkiewicz Michael T , Stein Joel M , Learned Kim O , Nasrallah Ilya M , Loevner Laurie A
Published: January 2019

Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection occurs in patients of all ages, rarely presenting with hypoglossal nerve palsy. The characteristic imaging findings of internal carotid artery dissection and tongue denervation are reviewed in four patients. Recognition of internal carotid artery dissection is critical for appropriate treatment and to minimise the risk of thromboembolic–ischaemic complications. Radiologists must be aware of the radiological appearance of hypoglossal nerve palsy and maintain a high index of suspicion for internal carotid artery dissection when this finding is present.
A case of an endobronchial metastasis from an endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Lee Chan-Hee , Kim Hyun Jung , Cho Chi-Heum , Hwang IlSeon
Published: January 2019

A 73-year-old woman was referred to the pulmonology department for abnormal findings on chest computed tomography. She had undergone a laparoscopic staging operation including a hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic node and para-aortic node dissection, and concurrent chemo-radiation therapy for endometrial serous carcinoma stage IIIc cancer 15 months earlier. A follow-up chest computed tomography after the chemotherapy showed that the right lower lobe bronchus was obstructed, and it was necessary to differentiate a primary lung malignancy from a metastasis and secretion. A positron emission tomography revealed an intense hypermetabolic nodule in the right lower lobe bronchus and diffuse hypometabolism of the right lower lobe lung. Bronchoscopy revealed a tumor mass obstructing the right lower lobe bronchus, and an endobronchial biopsy confirmed a metastatic serous carcinoma from the endometrium. We described an endobronchial metastasis from an endometrial carcinoma with various diagnostic images and histology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an endobronchial metastasis from an endometrial carcinoma in Korea.
Elastomeric pump malfunction resulting in over-infusion of local anesthetic
Authors: Koogler Andrew , Amusa Ganiyu , Kushelev Michael , Lawrence Alec , Carlson Laurah , Moran Kenneth
Published: January 2019

A 70 year-old female patient presented for a right humeral head replacement. Preoperatively an interscalene catheter was placed and postoperatively connected to an elastomeric pump for continuous infusion at 8 mL/h of Ropivacaine 0.2% with an additional 5 mL patient activated bolus available every 30 min. About 17 h after the elastomeric pump was connected to the catheter, the 550 mL reservoir was found to be empty, indicating the pump’s infusion rate was more than 32 mL/h despite the pump still being set at an infusion rate of 8 mL/h with a possible 5 mL bolus every 30 min. There was no visible damage or leak in the pump system, and the insertion site was dry. The patient denied any changes to the pump settings. She was alert and oriented and denied any signs of local anesthetic toxicity. The catheter was immediately pulled and the manufacturer notified. The manufacturer found a red tab broken inside the patient-controlled bolus remote resulting in the over-infusion. Despite the dependability of elastomeric pumps, healthcare providers must be aware of their possible complications and malfunctions.
Populists Prefer Social Media Over Talk Shows: An Analysis of Populist Messages and Stylistic Elements Across Six Countries
Authors: Ernst Nicole , Blassnig Sina , Engesser Sven , Büchel Florin , Esser Frank
Published: January 2019

For studying populism in a hybrid and high-choice media environment, the comparison of various media channels is especially instructive. We argue that populism-related communication is a combination of key messages (content) and certain stylistic devices (form), and we compare their utilization by a broad range of political actors on Facebook, Twitter, and televised talk shows across six countries (CH, DE, FR, IT, UK, and US). We conducted a content analysis of social media and talk show statements ( N = 2067) from 31 parties during a nonelection period of 3 months in 2015. We place special emphasis on stylistic devices and find that they can be grouped into three dimensions—equivalent to three dimensions used for populist key messages. We further find that political parties are generally more inclined to use populism-related communication on Facebook and Twitter than in political talk shows and that both new challenger parties and extreme parties use higher amounts of populist key messages and style elements.
Assessing Rapidity of Recovery After Cancer Surgeries in a Single Overnight Short-Stay Setting
Authors: Assel Melissa J. , Laudone Vincent P. , Twersky Rebecca S. , Vickers Andrew J. , Simon Brett A.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:

In the short-stay surgery setting, where patients remain in hospital for a single overnight at most, it is unclear as to whether postoperative length of stay is a good surrogate for assessing rapidity of recovery. We hypothesized that length of stay would be a function of time of surgery and would be a poorer marker of recovery than time of discharge.

METHODS:

A cohort of 891 mastectomy and 538 prostatectomy patients had a planned single overnight stay after surgery at an ambulatory surgical hospital during 2016. The relationship between surgical start time and postoperative length of stay or discharge time was assessed.

RESULTS:

For both mastectomy and prostatectomy patients, 75% of patients were discharged between 10 am and 12 noon and the median postoperative length of stay was 20 hours. There was a strong association between time of surgery and calculated length of stay. For mastectomies, having a surgery which begins at 6 pm vs 8 am results in an estimated decrease of 8.8 hours (95% CI, 8.3–9.3) in postoperative length of stay but only 1.2 hours (95% CI, 0.77–1.6) later time of discharge. For prostatectomies, the estimated difference is a decrease of 6.9 hours (95% CI, 6.4–7.4) for postoperative length of stay and 2.5 hours (95% CI, 2.0–3.0) later discharge time.

CONCLUSIONS:

Postoperative length of stay is a poor outcome measure in a short-stay setting. When assessing rapidity of recovery for single overnight stay patients, we advocate the use of discharge time with adjustment for surgery start time. The effect of surgery start time on both postoperative length of stay and discharge time should be investigated to ascertain which is best to assess rapidity of recovery in other ambulatory care settings where recovery involves a single overnight stay.
Quantile Regression and Its Applications: A Primer for Anesthesiologists
Authors: Staffa Steven J. , Kohane Daniel S. , Zurakowski David
Published: January 2019

Multivariable regression analysis is a powerful statistical tool in biomedical research with numerous applications. While linear regression can be used to model the expected value (ie, mean) of a continuous outcome given the covariates in the model, quantile regression can be used to compare the entire distribution of a continuous response or a specific quantile of the response between groups. The advantage of the quantile regression methodology is that it allows for understanding relationships between variables outside of the conditional mean of the response; it is useful for understanding an outcome at its various quantiles and comparing groups or levels of an exposure on those quantiles. We present quantile regression in a 3-step approach: determining that quantile regression is desired, fitting the quantile regression model, and interpreting the model results. We then apply our quantile regression analysis approach using 2 illustrative examples from the 2015 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric database, and 1 example utilizing data on duration of sensory block in rats.
Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Magnetic Resonance–Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy: A Case Series of 3 Patients
Authors: Fusco Pierfrancesco , De Sanctis Francesca , Di Carlo Stefano , Petrucci Emiliano , Scimia Paolo , Masciocchi Carlo , Colantonio Laura Brigitta , Marinangeli Franco
Published: January 2019

Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy is an innovative minimally invasive treatment for medication-resistant tremor in patients with essential tremor and Parkinson disease. Sedation with common hypnotic agents is discouraged because the patient’s cooperation is required during the procedure, and these drugs interact with the patient’s tremor, interfering with the results of intraprocedural neurological evaluations. Dexmedetomidine may be the best choice for sedation during magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy, which can be prolonged and poorly tolerated by the awake patient. We report the first use of dexmedetomidine for sedation in magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy in 3 patients: none of them experienced relevant hemodynamic changes or apnea.
Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery in a Parturient With Lumboperitoneal Shunt: A Case Report
Authors: Moreno-Duarte Ingrid , Hall Robert R. , Shutran Max S. , Radhakrishnan Manga G. , Drzymalski Dan M.
Published: January 2019

A lumboperitoneal shunt facilitates dynamic flow of cerebrospinal fluid into the peritoneum. Consequently, neuraxial technique placement in the parturient with a lumboperitoneal shunt can result in unexpected levels of blockade. We present the case of a parturient with a lumboperitoneal shunt who experienced symptoms consistent with high blockade after epidural administration of 450 mg chloroprocaine. This report emphasizes potential mechanisms for high neuraxial blockade and strategies to decrease risks in this unique patient population.
Improving the visibility of developmental biology: time for induction and specification
Authors: Zon Leonard
Published: January 2019

Developmental biology is a prominent field that has captured the imagination of many scientists. Over the years, research in the area has seen a steady number of amazing accomplishments, with peaks in activity following the development and application of new technologies. Although the field continues to flourish and produce excellent work, I have recently noticed difficulty with its perception and visibility. Having joined the developmental biology community during the early 1990s, and contributing since as a stem cell researcher, cancer biologist and an MD, I have a unique perspective on these challenges. Here, I discuss these issues and challenges and offer potential solutions for a field that is very important to me.
Functional Resistance Training and Affective Response in Female College-Age Students
Authors: FARO JAMIE , WRIGHT JULIE A. , HAYMAN LAURA L. , HASTIE MARISA , GONA PHILIMON N. , WHITELEY JESSICA A.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Although resistance training (RT) can lead to acute improvements in psychological, physiological and psychosocial outcomes, prevalence rates remain low in college-age females likely due to perceived barriers. This study compared the effects of an acute bout of both a functional RT (FRT) and traditional RT (TRT) session on affect, state anxiety enjoyment and physiological measures.

Methods

Females (n= 34, mean age = 27 ± 4.5 yr) not currently meeting American College of Sports Medicine RT guidelines completed four sessions (2 FRT, 2 TRT) within 4 wk in a randomized crossover design. Session 1 familiarized participants to the RT exercises. Session 2 consisted of 2 × 10 moderate intensity repetitions. Outcome measures included affect and state anxiety (preexercise, postexercise, and 15 min postexercise); enjoyment (post), and manipulation measures of session RPE and HR).

Results

Between-condition comparisons indicate change scores in state anxiety pre- to post-15 (P= 0.028) and enjoyment levels post- (P= 0.02) were significantly greater in FRT than TRT. Within-condition analyses revealed pre- to post-15 changes in affect were positive and greater in FRT (d =0.79) than TRT (d= 0.53,P= 0.47), and greater in decreases in state anxiety (FRT,d= −0.58; TRT,d= −0.37,P= 0.028). Mean session RPE was not significantly different between conditions (FRT 6 ± 1.2 units; TRT 6.3 ± 1.1 units;P= 0.11), though average percent of age-predicted maximum HR (FRT 68.7 ± 7.6; TRT 57.1 ± 8.4) was significantly different (P< 0.01).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that compared with TRT, FRT is associated with higher acute positive psychological states, higher levels of enjoyment, and greater energy expenditure. Future studies are recommended to examine additional measures of affect and in-task timepoints to determine how these responses relate to maintenance and adherence, thereby potentially increasing the proportion of college females meeting American College of Sports Medicine RT and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines.
Antimicrobial of nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum) against pathogens of tiger shrimp post-larvae
Authors: Saptiani Gina , Sidik A. Syafei , Ardhani Fikri
Published: January 2019

Background: Xylocarpus granatum has been used as a medicinal plant by coastal communities, which may indicate that this plant is a potential source of pharmaceuticals.

Methods: Xylocarpus granatum leaf extract was tested as an antimicrobial agent for pathogens infecting tiger shrimp post-larvae. Of the treatments applied to the post-larvae, 25 were crudely extracted with ethanol, distilled water, and seawater solvent given by immersion. Vibrio harveyi and Saprolegnia sp. were microbial species used for the test.

Results: X. granatum extract had the potential to inhibit V. harveyi and Saprolegnia sp., reducing infection and improving the survival of shrimp. Shrimp soaked with X. granatum extract had a total Vibrio count ranging from 14.67x103 to 22.67x103 CFU/ml. The survival rate of shrimp was recorded as 53.33% to 78.67% and 54.67% to 76.00% due to V. harveyi, and Saprolegnia sp infection, respectively. The relative percentage of the survival of shrimp protected from V. harveyi and Saprolegnia sp infection in treatments compared to negative controls ranged from 40.61% to 72.89% and 35.84% to 66.12%, respectively.

Conclusions: Leaf extracts of X. granatum, which might have better antimicrobial activities to prevent tiger shrimp from pathogenetic infection, were consecutively extracted ethanol at 800-1,000 ppm, distilled water at 800-1,000 ppm, and seawater at 1,000 ppm.
Supplier Diversification Under Buyer Risk
Authors: Chod Jiri , Trichakis Nikolaos , Tsoukalas Gerry
Published: January 2019

When should a firm diversify its supply base? Most extant theories attribute supplier diversification to supplier risk. Herein, we develop a new theory that attributes supplier diversification to buyer risk. When suppliers are subject to the risk of buyer default, buyers may take costly action to signal creditworthiness so as to obtain more favorable terms. But once signaling costs are sunk, buyers sourcing from a single supplier become vulnerable to future holdup. Although ex ante supply base diversification can be effective at alleviating the holdup problem, we show that it comes at the expense of higher up-front signaling costs. We resolve the ensuing trade-off and show that diversification emerges as the preferred strategy in equilibrium. Our theory can help explain sourcing strategies when risk in a trade relationship originates from the sourcing firm, for example, a small-to-medium enterprise or a start-up; a setting that has eluded existing theories so far.

This paper was accepted by Terry Taylor, operations management.
Americanismo e ação intelectual na Bahia: O “Projeto Colúmbia University” (1950)
Authors: Pacheco Larissa Penelu Bitencourt
Published: January 2019

Discutimos as concepções americanistas presentes no “Programa de Pesquisas Sociais Estado da Bahia – Colúmbia University” (1950), a partir das notas de Antônio Gramsci sobre americanismo e fordismo. Buscamos, nos chamados “cadernos 22”, as conexões intelectuais da Bahia dos anos 1950, com práticas políticas voltadas para uma postura democrática liberal ligadas a modelos norte-americanos. Conectamos trajetórias de personagens que atuaram junto à Secretaria de Saúde e Educação, como Otávio Mangabeira, Anísio Teixeira, Thales de Azevedo, Charles Wagley, que articularam interesses locais com motivações acadêmicas e políticas estadunidenses, a partir da discussão da democracia e do desenvolvimento. Consideramos o governo Mangabeira (1947- 1951) como o contexto chave para a instalação deste campo.
Mística e antimística, simbolismo e crítica literária
Authors: Losso Eduardo Guerreiro Brito
Published: January 2019

Defendendo a hipótese de que a mística é a base fundamental de uma tradição delirante que atravessa a parte mais significativa da poesia moderna, o artigo discute como que as reações antimísticas à linguagem extravagante de escritores apofáticos e visionários se encontram tanto no controle eclesiástico, no racionalismo iluminista, quanto na crítica literária e humanista moderna. A ala antimística traça a abominável estratégia de transformar um acontecimento histórico literário e comportamental extremamente progressista, na maior parte de sua irrupção, em antiquado, reacionário, de modo a ser banido da cultura avançada para, de fato, passar somente a ser apreciado por tradicionalistas. Contra tal deturpação ideológica, o artigo propõe uma retomada do potencial transgressivo da mística a partir da releitura simbolista dela.