bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FATTY ACID PROFILES DIFFER BETWEEN HEALTHY AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS-DIAGNOSED ADULTS
Authors: Ranković Slavica , Takić Marija , Kuveljić Jovana , Bosković Maja , Dincić Evica , Stanković Aleksandra , Živković Maja
Published: September 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common clinical subtype of MS. MS is characterized by demyelination and myelin is mainly composed of lipids. Lipids play many roles in the CNS including signaling, structural support, mediating inflammation, and membrane biogenesis. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are central to maintaining health and they are present in a wide array of tissues with broad functions including the active component of phospholipid cell membranes and substrate for molecular signaling pathways. This study aimed to evaluate fatty acids (FA) profiles of patients with RRMS (n=30) compared to healthy people (n=20). Analysis of total lipids was performed from erythrocyte samples. The total lipid extracts from erythrocytes were prepared by adding chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) mixture containing butylated hydroxytoluene (0.05% BHT weight/volume). FA methyl esters were prepared by transmethylation with 3N HCl in methanol. FA profiles were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The content of individual FA was expressed as a percentage of the total FA. Results of this study revealed that total saturated fatty acids (SFA) are significantly higher in MS patients compared to controls. While total PUFAs, total n-3 PUFAs, and omega-3 index are statistically lower in MS patients. The n-6/n-3 ratio is significantly higher in MS patients compared to controls. Also, the AA/EPA ratio is significantly lower in the control group compared to MS patients. Conversely, the EPA/AA index is significantly reduced in MS patients. Omega-3 lipids, which have a protective role by preserving the blood-brain barrier, are significantly reduced in the erythrocytes of patients with MS. Increased n-3 PUFA and decreased SFA intake could counteract inflammation, energy storage and utilization imbalance and, overall state in patients with MS.
Urban college campuses as safer refuge for wildlife perceived as dangerous: A case study on snakes in Madras Christian College, Chennai, India
Authors: Janani S. , Ganesh S.R.
Published: September 2024

We surveyed for snakes in a historic, old, educational institution having a large and well-vegetated campus. From a three-year survey (2016-18), spanning 288 field days, covering 1152 hours of fieldwork, a total of 132 snake sightings representing 23 species were obtained. This also includes medically important venomous snakes (Naja, Bungarus, Daboia, Echis), as well as snakes that are very rarely if ever encountered or reported from the Greater Chennai and its environs (Dryocalamus, Coelognathus, Platyceps, Eryx, Calliophis). A total of 12 kinds of microhabitats including terrestrial, semi-fossorial, arboreal and aquatic settings within three habitat types including green-spaces/vegetation, farmlands and built-up areas were found to be occupied by snakes. The fact that this study reports the highest species richness of snakes from any study in Chennai (23, vs. 19 in literature) highlights the constant long-term stability of green-spaces that enable the continued survival of snakes in this campus, surrounded by an inhospitable urban sprawl.
Política de Crosskark
Authors: Revista del control fiscal Control Visible
Published: September 2024

Revista Control Visible informa a sus lectores sobre cualquier cambio en los artículos publicados mediante el servicio Crossmark de Crossref, que ofrece una forma estandarizada de localizar la versión oficial de cada documento. De esta manera, se resalta la importancia de mantener la integridad de los registros académicos, tanto para investigadores como para bibliotecas, garantizando que el archivo electrónico sea siempre confiable. Al hacer clic en el ícono Crossmark los lectores pueden conocer el estado actual del documento, así como información adicional sobre su historial de publicación.
Study of Dark Energy Stars in a Buchdahl Spacetime
Authors: Malaver Manuel
Published: September 2024

In this paper we obtained some spherically stellar configurations that represent new models of dark energy stars specifying particular forms for gravitational potential and the electric field intensity which allows solve the Einstein-Maxwell field equations. We have chosen the metric potential proposed by Buchdahl (1959) with the equation of state pr = wp where pr is the radial pressure, p is the dark energy density and w is the dark energy parameter. We found that the radial pressure, the anisotropy factor, energy density, metric coefficients, mass function, charge density are regular and well behaved in the stellar interior but the causality conditions and of strong energy are not satisfied. These models have great application in physics and cosmology due to the fact that several independent observations indicate that the universe is in a phase of accelerated expansion which can be explained by the presence of dark energy that has not been detected.
Teaching of English in the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): A Tool and Challenges for Teaching Pedagogy
Authors: Lito D. Mallillin Leovigildo
Published: September 2024

The study investigates the teaching of English in the Higher Education Institutions as a challenge for teaching pedagogy. It evaluates and measures the teaching challenges of English among Higher Education Institutions. Quantitative research method is employed in the study to quantify the teaching of English in the Higher Education Institutions. Likewise, convenience sampling is utilized in the selection of the population sample size. The study consisted of Fifty (50) respondents only. Results show that proper techniques in teaching are designed for students learning achievement and performance in the English subject, show that faculty lecturers have various issues on the materials production due to limited resources in the English lesson and assessment, offer a comprehensive needs analysis and concept for the English subject based on the environment situation, language information, needs of students, and target objectives of the subject, allow students to explore the English subject to achieve a better learning atmosphere and lesson provided for students in English must be based on their knowledge and capacity for the learning process, and show that lecturers need to pay attention to the demands of students according to the English language set in the curriculum.
Using Non-stationary Time-Domain Statistical Measures for Predictive Maintenance of Large Centrifugal Compressors in the Absence of Component Faults
Authors: Shin Kihong
Published: September 2024

Time-domain statistical measures such as standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis are simple yet effective tools for assessing the health of rotating machinery based on measured vibration signals. These statistical quantities are, therefore, widely used in industry when designing condition-based maintenance (CBM) systems, especially for rotating machinery. Despite the growing adoption of CBM systems, determining the overhaul schedule can still be challenging, particularly when the rotating machinery in question does not exhibit any fault symptoms. As a result, the overhaul schedule is often determined using the traditional time-based maintenance (TBM) approach. In this short communication, we examine the time-varying characteristics of statistical quantities immediately before and after the overhaul of a large centrifugal compressor. It was found that the non-stationarity of the standard deviation increases in cases where an overhaul is due, while the variability of skewness and kurtosis does not change significantly in the absence of specific fault components.
Artificial Intelligence and English Language Learning: Exploring the Roles of AI-Driven Tools in Personalizing Learning and Providing Instant Feedback
Authors: Oladele Jegede Olusegun
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the impact of AI-driven tools on English language learning, motivated by the increasing integration of artificial intelligence in education and the need for empirical evidence on its effectiveness. The purpose of the study was to explore how AI-driven tools personalize learning, provide instant feedback, and affect learner perceptions. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 200 students across four international schools via questionnaires. Three major findings emerged: AI-driven tools significantly enhanced personalized learning experiences, with 72.5% of students rating personalization highly; instant feedback from AI tools was found to be very helpful by 80% of students, leading to improved language acquisition progress; and 80% of students recommended AI-driven tools, citing increased enjoyment and engagement. The study concluded that AI-driven tools effectively support personalized learning and provide beneficial instant feedback, though challenges such as technical issues and the need for human interaction remain. It was recommended that educators integrate AI tools thoughtfully, ensuring a balance with traditional methods and addressing technical and accessibility concerns. Further research should investigate long-term impacts and optimal implementation strategies.
Biotinidase Deficiency: A Treatable Neurometabolic Disorder- A Case Report
Authors: Beauty A A
Published: September 2024

Biotinidase deficiency is an rare autosomal recessive disorder with a wide-spectrum of neurological, dermatological, andimmunological dysfunction. Identification of this disorder is important as it is easily treatable and the patients show dramaticresponse to therapy, besides the fact that it can prove fatal if not diagnosed. We report a case of two and half months old femalechild of biotinidase deficiency who presented with repeated attack of convulsion for 7 days, seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia andangular stomatitis for 15 days. Her perinatal period was uneventful and no consanguinity between parents. On admission shewas hypotonic, reflex exaggerated, plantar extensor. She had mild metabolic acidosis, CT Scan of brain shows mildgeneralized atrophy of brain with bifronto-parietal craniocortical subarachnoid collection, TMS-increased C5OHcarnitine andenzyme assay revealed profound biotinidase deficiency. Treatment with 02 mg daily biotin was started and rapid and goodcontrol over seizures was seen.
Health and Environmental Sustainability: Public Health Issues for Present and Future
Authors: Tarafdar MA
Published: September 2024

The medical definition of environmental causes of diseases would be all those factors that are not genetic. Environmentalfactors include all those factors those affect human health mediated by social conditions and individual choice or environment.'Sustainable' includes the environmental issues and 'development' includes the economic issues. Climate change alters ordisrupts natural systems, making it possible for vector, water, and food-borne diseases to spread or emerge. Climate change canaffect the incidence of diseases associated with air pollutants and aeroallergens. Clean air is considered to be a basicrequirement of human health and well-being. Poverty increases vulnerability to climate-sensitive health outcomes directly byreducing the capacity to adapt to changing conditions. For countries in the early stages of development the majorenvironmental hazards to health are associated with widespread poverty and severe lack of public infrastructure, such as accessto drinking water, sanitation, and lack of health care as well as emerging problems of industrial pollution and also urban wastebased pollution. A healthy population is a prerequisite for a productive and creative society, which in turn is needed to sustainnational development. Social determinants affect the environmental conditions of an individual and may contribute to the factthat specific individuals or population groups more often experience less adequate or potentially harmful environmentalconditions; may directly affect exposure beyond and in addition to the exposure. Enhancing environmental sustainability,through reducing carbon emissions, curtailing waste, and managing resources efficiently, will deliver healthy outcome, andprovide broader social and economic benefits.
Breast Feeding Practice among the Educated Urban Women in Jashore
Authors: Zahan R
Published: September 2024

Background: Child feeding practices was directly influence nutritional status of a child. Maternal education level has long been associated with child feeding practices.

Objective: To describe the pattern of breast feeding practice (type of food given just after delivery, time of starting breast feeding, exclusive breast feeding, duration of breast feeding, and starting of complementary feeding) among the urban women of Bangladesh in Jashore in addition to age and education level of the respondents. Methodology: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out on breast feeding practices among urban women in Jashore from 1st January to 30th June 2019. By purposive sampling technique a total number of 100 respondents having child less than 5 years old were selected for this study. Data were collected by face to face interview through a pretested questionnaire.

Results: In this study 48.0% of the respondents were between 34 to 41 years age group. About 40.0% of the respondents were graduates, 34% were post graduates, 16% were SSC level, and 10% were ≥HSC level and no one was illiterate. Maximum 86.0% mothers gave breast milk, 6.0% gave honey, and 8.0% gave formula milk just after delivery. Majority (70.0%) of the respondents started breast feeding within 1 hour, 10.0% after 1 hour, 14.0% after 3 hours, and 6.0% after 4 hours. About four-fifth (80.0%) of the respondent fed exclusive breast feeding for 5 to 6 months, 16.0% fed up to 3-4 months, and 4.0% fed up to 1-2 months. Maximum 60.0 % fed 18-24 months, 26.0% fed >24 months and 4.0% fed 12-18 months. Most (88.0%) of them started complementary food within 6 months, 12.0% started after 6 months.

Conclusion: Mothers with higher education were more likely to initiate breastfeeding with the first hour of childbirth. Future interventions should focus on increasing girl's and women's education program through formal or non-formal education programs, respectively.
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia and Bacterial Pathogens among Patients of Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shohid S
Published: September 2024

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major cause of higher morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients especially in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the bacterial pathogens among ICU patients with Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP).

Methods: This was a descriptive type of cross sectional study conducted during the period of twelve months (January to December 2018) among clinically suspected VAP patient admitted in Intensive Care Unit at Rajshahi Medical College and Hospital. A total of 80 endo-tracheal aspirate (ETA) samples were collected purposively from clinically suspected VAP cases during study period.

Results: Among the respondents males were 48 (60%) and female were 32 (40%). Maximum 20% cases were within age group of 21-30 years. Majority of the patients were admitted with primary diagnosis of head injury (36.25%) followed by stroke (26.25%). Among 80 ETA samples, 75 (93.75%) samples were culture positive. Out of 75 culture positive cases 72(96.0%) were single isolates and 3(4.0%) were multiple isolates. Among the total 78 isolates were identified higher gram negative organisms (74.36%) than that of gram positive (25.64%). Moreover, among 78 isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the predominant 35.9%.

Conclusion: VAP was an important nosocomial infection among ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation and most of cases gram negative organism are responsible for this infection.
Atypical Presentation of Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor on the Hallucal Flexor Tendon Sheath: A Case Report
Authors: Khan Khurram H. , Angstadt Laine , Chun WooYoung , Arriola Aileen Grace P.
Published: September 2024

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare type of neoplasm that may be locally aggressive but is most often benign and can be divided into two subtypes: localized and diffuse. It tends to develop in the joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths primarily in the digits of the hand and less commonly in the forefoot. This soft-tissue mass has many possible differential diagnoses, including lipoma, ganglion cyst, plantar fibroma, and various sarcomas; surgical excision is usually indicated to reach a definitive diagnosis and rule out malignancy. We report a rare case of a 30-year-old woman with atypical plantar hallucal pain and a palpable mass on the plantar lateral aspect of the left hallux. Surgical excision and histopathologic evaluation confirmed a TGCT of the left hallucal flexor tendon sheath. Although it bears clinical resemblance to several other soft-tissue masses, TGCT has numerous pathognomonic features evident with advanced imaging and histologic analysis that help the physician obtain an accurate diagnosis and proceed with appropriate treatment.
Orthoses Effect on Radiographic Measurements of Hallux Abducto Valgus: A Systematic Review
Authors: DeHeer Patrick A. , Patel Niral A. , Wolfe William , Badell Bethany , Kirkland Mallory , Wallace Blake
Published: September 2024

Background: Hallux abducto valgus (HAV), commonly referred to as a bunion, is a prevalent foot deformity with multifactorial etiology, including genetic predisposition, biomechanical abnormalities, and footwear choices. HAV is often managed conservatively with orthotic devices aimed at reducing deformity progression and alleviating associated pain. However, the effectiveness of orthotics in altering radiographic measurements of HAV remains debated. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of orthotic interventions on radiographic parameters.

Methods: A comprehensive search of five electronic databases—PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Medline, and EMBASE—was conducted, covering the period from inception to March 2021. The search included terms related to HAV and orthotic interventions. Studies were included if they provided pre- and post-treatment radiographic measurements of halux abductus angle (HAA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), or intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and involved the use of orthotics. A total of 523 references were initially identified, with five studies meeting the inclusion criteria for review. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, orthotic type, radiographic measurements, and follow-up duration.

Results: The systematic review found insufficient high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness of orthotics in slowing the progression of HAV deformity. Of the five studies included, results were mixed: two studies reported changes in radiographic measurements following orthotic use, though one of these involved toe spacers rather than traditional orthotics. The remaining studies found no significant impact of orthotics on HAA, HVA, or IMA. The heterogeneity in study design, population, and orthotic types limited the ability to draw robust conclusions.

Conclusions: Current evidence does not conclusively support the use of orthotics for altering the radiographic progression of HAV. The reviewed studies highlight significant variability in outcomes and suggest that while orthotics may provide symptomatic relief, their role in deformity correction remains unclear. Whether and to what extent orthotics affect common radiographic measures of HAV deformity should be proven with further studies and investigation.
Septins function in exocytosis via physical interactions with the exocyst complex in fission yeast cytokinesis
Authors: Singh Davinder , Liu Yajun , Zhu Yi-Hua , Zhang Sha , Naegele Shelby , Wu Jian-Qiu
Published: September 2024

Septins can function as scaffolds for protein recruitment, membrane-bound diffusion barriers, or membrane curvature sensors. Septins are important for cytokinesis, but their exact roles are still obscure. In fission yeast, four septins (Spn1 to Spn4) accumulate at the rim of the division plane as rings. The octameric exocyst complex, which tethers exocytic vesicles to the plasma membrane, exhibits a similar localization and is essential for plasma membrane deposition during cytokinesis. Without septins, the exocyst spreads across the division plane but absent from the rim during septum formation. These results suggest that septins and the exocyst physically interact for proper localization. Indeed, we predicted six pairs of direct interactions between septin and exocyst subunits by AlphaFold2 ColabFold, most of them are confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid assays. Exocyst mislocalization results in mistargeting of secretory vesicles and their cargos, which leads to cell-separation delay in septin mutants. Our results indicate that septins guide the targeting of exocyst complex on the plasma membrane for vesicle tethering during cytokinesis through direct physical interactions.
Asymmetric distribution of color-opponent response types across mouse visual cortex supports superior color vision in the sky
Authors: Franke Katrin , Cai Chenchen , Ponder Kayla , Fu Jiakun , Sokoloski Sacha , Berens Philipp , Tolias Andreas Savas
Published: September 2024

Color is an important visual feature that informs behavior, and the retinal basis for color vision has been studied across various vertebrate species. While many studies have investigated how color information is processed in visual brain areas of primate species, we have limited understanding of how it is organized beyond the retina in other species, including most dichromatic mammals. In this study, we systematically characterized how color is represented in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice. Using large-scale neuronal recordings and a luminance and color noise stimulus, we found that more than a third of neurons in mouse V1 are color-opponent in their receptive field center, while the receptive field surround predominantly captures luminance contrast. Furthermore, we found that color-opponency is especially pronounced in posterior V1 that encodes the sky, matching the statistics of natural scenes experienced by mice. Using unsupervised clustering, we demonstrate that the asymmetry in color representations across cortex can be explained by an uneven distribution of green-On/UV-Off color-opponent response types that are represented in the upper visual field. Finally, a simple model with natural scene-inspired parametric stimuli shows that green-On/UV-Off color-opponent response types may enhance the detection of ‘predatory’-like dark UV-objects in noisy daylight scenes. The results from this study highlight the relevance of color processing in the mouse visual system and contribute to our understanding of how color information is organized in the visual hierarchy across species.
Multisensory integration operates on correlated input from unimodal transients channels
Authors: Parise Cesare V , Ernst Marc O
Published: September 2024

Audiovisual information reaches the brain via both sustained and transient input channels, representing signals’ intensity over time or changes thereof, respectively. To date, it is unclear to what extent transient and sustained input channels contribute to the combined percept obtained through multisensory integration. Based on the results of two novel psychophysical experiments, here we demonstrate the importance of the transient (instead of the sustained) channel for the integration of audiovisual signals. To account for the present results, we developed a biologically-inspired, general-purpose model for multisensory integration, the Multisensory Correlation Detectors, which combines correlated input from unimodal transient channels. Besides accounting for the results of our psychophysical experiments, this model could quantitatively replicate several recent findings in multisensory research, as tested against a large collection of published datasets. In particular, the model could simultaneously account for the perceived timing of audiovisual events, multisensory facilitation in detection tasks, causality judgments, and optimal integration. All-in-all, this study demonstrates that several phenomena in multisensory research that were previously considered unrelated, all stem from the integration of correlated input from unimodal transient channels.
Natural forgetting reversibly modulates engram expression
Authors: O’Leary James D , Bruckner Rasmus , Autore Livia , Ryan Tomás J
Published: September 2024

Memories are stored as ensembles of engram neurons and their successful recall involves the reactivation of these cellular networks. However, significant gaps remain in connecting these cell ensembles with the process of forgetting. Here, we utilized a mouse model of object memory and investigated the conditions in which a memory could be preserved, retrieved, or forgotten. Direct modulation of engram activity via optogenetic stimulation or inhibition either facilitated or prevented the recall of an object memory. In addition, through behavioral and pharmacological interventions, we successfully prevented or accelerated forgetting of an object memory. Finally, we showed that these results can be explained by a computational model in which engrams that are subjectively less relevant for adaptive behavior are more likely to be forgotten. Together, these findings suggest that forgetting may be an adaptive form of engram plasticity which allows engrams to switch from an accessible state to an inaccessible state.
Pectin methylesterase activity is required for RALF1 peptide signalling output
Authors: Rößling Ann-Kathrin , Dünser Kai , Liu Chenlu , Lauw Susan , Rodriguez-Franco Marta , Kalmbach Lothar , Barbez Elke , Kleine-Vehn Jürgen
Published: September 2024

The extracellular matrix plays an integrative role in cellular responses in plants, but its contribution to the signalling of extracellular ligands largely remains to be explored. RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs (RALFs) are extracellular peptide hormones that play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. Here, we address a crucial connection between the de-methylesterification machinery of the cell wall component pectin and RALF1 activity. Pectin is a polysaccharide, contributing to the structural integrity of the cell wall. Our data illustrate that the pharmacological and genetic interference with PECTIN METHYL ESTERASEs (PMEs) abolishes RALF1-induced root growth repression. Our data suggest that positively charged RALF1 peptides bind negatively charged, de-methylesterified pectin with high avidity. We illustrate that the RALF1 association with de-methylesterified pectin is required for its FERONIA-dependent perception, contributing to the control of the extracellular matrix and the regulation of plasma membrane dynamics. Notably, this mode of action is independent of the FER-dependent extracellular matrix sensing mechanism provided by FER interaction with the Leucine-Rich Repeat Extensin (LRX) proteins. We propose that the methylation status of pectin acts as a contextualizing signalling scaffold for RALF peptides, linking extracellular matrix dynamics to peptide hormone-mediated responses.
GABA-ergic inhibition in human hMT+ predicts visuo-spatial intelligence mediated through the frontal cortex
Authors: Gao Yuan , Cai Yong-Chun , Liu Dong-Yu , Yu Juan , Wang Jue , Li Ming , Xu Bin , Wang Teng-Fei , Chen Gang , Northoff Georg , Bai Ruiliang , Song Xue Mei
Published: September 2024

The prevailing opinion emphasizes fronto-parietal network (FPN) is key in mediating general fluid intelligence (gF). Meanwhile, recent studies show that human MT complex (hMT+), located at the occipito-temporal border and involved in 3D perception processing, also plays a key role in gF. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear, yet. To investigate this issue, our study targets visuo-spatial intelligence, which is considered to have high loading on gF. We use ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure GABA/glutamate concentrations in hMT+ combining resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (FC), behavioral examinations including hMT+ perception suppression test and gF subtest in visuo- spatial component. Our findings show that both GABA in hMT+ and frontal-hMT+ functional connectivity significantly correlate with the performance of visuo-spatial intelligence. Further, serial mediation model demonstrates that the effect of hMT+ GABA on visuo-spatial
g
F is fully mediated by the hMT+ frontal FC. Together our findings highlight the importance in integrating sensory and frontal cortices in mediating the visuospatial component of general fluid intelligence.
The subthalamic nucleus contributes causally to perceptual decision-making in monkeys
Authors: Rogers Kathryn , Gold Joshua I , Ding Long
Published: September 2024

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays critical roles in the motor and cognitive function of the basal ganglia (BG), but the exact nature of these roles is not fully understood, especially in the context of decision-making based on uncertain evidence. Guided by theoretical predictions of specific STN contributions, we used single-unit recording and electrical microstimulation in the STN of healthy monkeys to assess its causal, computational roles in visual-saccadic decisions based on noisy evidence. The recordings identified subpopulations of STN neurons with distinct task-related activity patterns that related to different theoretically predicted functions. Microstimulation caused changes in behavioral choices and response times that reflected multiple contributions to an “accumulate-to-bound”-like decision process, including modulation of decision bounds and evidence accumulation, and to non-perceptual processes. These results provide new insights into the multiple ways that the STN can support higher brain function.
Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics with machine learning for predicting progression from prediabetes to diabetes
Authors: Li Jiang , Yu Yuefeng , Sun Ying , Fu Yanqi , Shen Wenqi , Cai Lingli , Tan Xiao , Cai Yan , Wang Ningjian , Lu Yingli , Wang Bin
Published: September 2024

Identification of individuals with prediabetes who are at high risk of developing diabetes allows for precise interventions. We aimed to determine the role of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic signature in predicting the progression from prediabetes to diabetes.This prospective study included 13,489 participants with prediabetes who had metabolomic data from the UK Biobank. Circulating metabolites were quantified via NMR spectroscopy. Cox proportional hazard (CPH) models were performed to estimate the associations between metabolites and diabetes risk. Supporting vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting were used to select the optimal metabolite panel for prediction. CPH and random survival forest (RSF) models were utilized to validate the predictive ability of the metabolites.During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, 2,525 participants developed diabetes. After adjusting for covariates, 94 of 168 metabolites were associated with risk of progression to diabetes. A panel of nine metabolites, selected by all three machine learning algorithms, was found to significantly improve diabetes risk prediction beyond conventional risk factors in the CPH model (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 1-year: 0.823 for risk factors + metabolites vs 0.759 for risk factors, 5-year: 0.830 vs 0.798, 10-year: 0.801 vs 0.776, all
P
<0.05). Similar results were observed from the RSF model. Categorization of participants according to the predicted value thresholds revealed distinct cumulative risk of diabetes.Our study lends support for use of the metabolite markers to help determine individuals with prediabetes who are at high risk of progressing to diabetes and inform targeted and efficient interventions.
Pronounced expression of extracellular matrix proteoglycans regulated by Wnt pathway underlies the parallel evolution of lip hypertrophy in East African cichlids
Authors: Machii Nagatoshi , Hatashima Ryo , Niwa Tatsuya , Taguchi Hideki , Kimirei Ismael A , Mrosso Hillary DJ , Aibara Mitsuto , Nagasawa Tatsuki , Nikaido Masato
Published: September 2024

Cichlid fishes inhabiting the East African Great Lakes, Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika, are textbook examples of parallel evolution, as they have acquired similar traits independently in each of the three lakes during the process of adaptive radiation. In particular, “hypertrophied lip” has been highlighted as a prominent example of parallel evolution. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted an integrated comparative analysis between the hypertrophied and normal lips of cichlids across three lakes based on histology, proteomics, and transcriptomics. Histological and proteomic analyses revealed that the hypertrophied lips were characterized by enlargement of the proteoglycan-rich layer, in which versican and periostin proteins were abundant. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of extracellular matrix-related genes, including collagens, glycoproteins and proteoglycans, was higher in hypertrophied lips, regardless of their phylogenetic relationships. In addition, the Wnt signaling pathway, which is involved in promoting proteoglycan expression, was highly expressed in both the juvenile and adult stages of hypertrophied lips. Our comprehensive analyses showed that hypertrophied lips of the three different phylogenetic origins can be explained by similar proteomic and transcriptomic profiles, which may provide important clues into the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic parallelisms in East African cichlids.
On the discovered Cancer Driving Nucleotides (CDNs) –Distributions across genes, cancer types and patients
Authors: Zhang Lingjie , Deng Tong , Liufu Zhongqi , Chen Xiangnyu , Wu Shijie , Liu Xueyu , Shi Changhao , Chen Bingjie , Hu Zheng , Cai Qichun , Lu Xuemei , Liu Chenli , Li Mengfeng , Wen Haijun , Wu Chung-I
Published: September 2024

A central goal of cancer genomics is to identify, in each patient, all the cancer driving mutations. Among them, point mutations are referred to as Cancer Driving Nucleotides (CDNs), which recur in cancers. The companion study shows that the probability of
i
recurrent hits in
n
patients would decrease exponentially with
i
; hence, any mutation with
i
≥ 3 hits in the TCGA database is a high-probability CDN. This study characterizes the 50∼150 CDNs identifiable for each cancer type of TCGA (while anticipating 10 times more undiscovered ones) as follows: i) CDNs tend to code for amino acids of divergent chemical properties. ii) At the genic level, far more CDNs (>5-fold) fall on non-canonical than canonical cancer driving genes (CDGs). Most undiscovered CDNs are expected to be on unknown CDGs. iii) CDNs tend to be more widely shared among cancer types than canonical CDGs, mainly because of the higher resolution at the nucleotide than the whole-gene level. iv) Most important, among the 50∼100 coding region mutations carried by a cancer patient, 5∼8 CDNs are expected but only 0∼2 CDNs have been identified at present. This low level of identification has hampered functional test and gene targeted therapy. We show that, by expanding the sample size to 10
5
, most CDNs can be identified. Full CDN identification will then facilitate the design of patient-specific targeting against multiple CDN-harboring genes.
Reevaluating the Neural Noise Hypothesis in Dyslexia: Insights from EEG and 7T MRS Biomarkers
Authors: Glica Agnieszka , Wasilewska Katarzyna , Jurkowska Julia , Żygierewicz Jarosław , Kossowski Bartosz , Jednoróg Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

The neural noise hypothesis of dyslexia posits an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) brain activity as an underlying mechanism of reading difficulties. This study provides the first direct test of this hypothesis using both EEG power spectrum measures in 120 Polish adolescents and young adults (60 with dyslexia, 60 controls) and glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7T MRI scanner in half of the sample. Our results, supported by Bayesian statistics, show no evidence of E/I balance differences between groups, challenging the hypothesis that cortical hyperexcitability underlies dyslexia. These findings suggest alternative mechanisms must be explored and highlight the need for further research into the E/I balance and its role in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Cruise report HHUMLT24
Authors: Vikberg Wernström Joel , Bergman Sanne , Hembrom Anju Angelina , Dinevik Hanna , Henriksen Jan , Aga Knut-Geir , Broms Fredrik , Pitusi Vanessa , Altenburger Andreas
Published: September 2024

R/V Helmer Hanssen is an ice class research vessel owned by UiT The Arctic University of Norway. The HHUMLT24 cruise onboard R/V Helmer Hanssen was an initiative by The Arctic University Museum of Norway (UMAK, UiT). Sampling was conducted for the following four projects: 1. The Scalidophora of Norway, 2. The role of microRNAs in animal evolution, 3. The diversity of benthic fauna around Svalbard and the Barents Sea, 4. Reconstruction of past ecosystems using sedimentary ancient DNA. For the first project, which aimed to sample scalidophoran fauna, primarily kinorhynchs, for the Scalidophora of Norway project funded by Artsdatabanken, box cores were taken. The second project employed plankton nets, box cores, and a triangular dredge. The third project used samples from box cores, plankton nets, and a triangular dredge to collect marine macrofauna for the museum collections. All macrofauna present in plankton nets, box cores, and triangular dredge samples were photographed, and records were uploaded to GBIF. The fourth project took gravity cores. The cruise leader was Andreas Altenburger (UiT).
Relationship between video game addiction and bladder/bowel dysfunction in children
Authors: Tiryaki Öznur , Menekşe Dilek , Çınar Nursan
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Video games have a strong influence on children and adolescents. Video game addiction has negative effects on children’s health.Objective. To determine the relationship between video game addiction and bladder/bowel dysfunction in children.Materials and methods. Three hundred sixty-three children and their mothers who met the inclusion criteria constituted the sample of this correlational study. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Video Game Addiction Scale for Children, and the Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire.Results. We found that 72.5% of the children were nine years old and 27.5% were ten years old; 50.4% were males and 49.6% were female. While 4.7% of the children whoparticipated in the study were underweight, 19.6% were overweight, and 17.9% were obese. The mean Video Game Addiction Scale for Children score was 50.77 ± 16.17,whereas the mean Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire score was 29.98 ± 8.90. The ratio of children with a mean Video Game Addiction Scale for Children scores equal to or greater than 90 was 0.8% (n = 3). We found that 3.6% (n = 13) of the children had urinary/fecal incontinence while playing video games. There was a weak positive relationship between the dimensions of the Video Game Addiction Scale for Children scores, the Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire scores, and children’s bladder and bowel function (r = 0.220; p ˂ 0.05).Conclusions. There is a correlation between children’s video game addiction level and their bladder and bowel dysfunction grade. Higher video game addiction levels correspond to higher bladder and bowel dysfunction.
La enseñanza de la Ley Nacional de Trasplante como camino ético para la construcción del valor de la atención en salud en Colombia
Authors: Hoyos Juan Bernardo
Published: September 2024

La Ley Nacional de Trasplantes en Colombia, Ley 1805 de 2016, modificó la legislación colombiana en cuanto a cómo se accede a un trasplante de órganos, pero, sobre todo, cambió la figura de donatario y dispuso el término derivado del derecho del consentimiento presuntivo. Este define la hipotética voluntad de una persona de ser donante de órganos como manifestación de solidaridad y beneficencia con otra persona en situación de necesidad y vulnerabilidad relacionada con su salud y las dimensiones que la definen. En el siguiente texto se presentan siete momentos que se consideran hechos fundamentales en la construcción de una cultura del valor de la atención en salud en la política nacional de trasplantes de Colombia.
Assessment of Microbial Contamination and Hygiene Practices of Okra Powders in Public Markets of Yamoussoukro
Authors: Koffi Kouakou Levi Moïse , Anouhe Say Jean Baptiste , Kouame Kan Benjamin , Zioh Nonhondé Horline Degrace , Zouzou Soune Carole , Gnangouli Bi Koffi Albert , Kouadio Koffi Messou Jean-Armel
Published: September 2024

Background: Okra is one of the most consumed fruit vegetables by Ivorians either fresh or powdered. However, due to a lack of supervision, okra powders are sold under conditions that often leave something to be desired.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the level of microbial contamination of okra powders sold in public markets, with a view to preventing any potential health risks for consumers.
Methodology: The experimental method is based on a survey within the markets of the city of Yamoussoukro in order to describe the conditions of sale. Samples of okra powders sold in these markets were analyzed.
Acquired Results: The survey showed that, most marketers sell their product beyond 10 days. Additionally, okra powders are sold in plastic containers, uncovered. In addition, the analyzes reveal the absence of Salmonella spp. but the presence of yeasts, molds, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli whose loads varying from 3.5. 103a ± 0.16.103 to 4.8.103a ± 0.49.103 CFU/g, 1.5.104b ± 0.28.104 to 3.2.103a ± 0.32.103 CFU/g and 3.3.103a ± 0.17.103 to 8.103a ± 0.91.103 CFU/g. However, all the okra powders analyzed present an unsatisfactory microbiological quality.
Conclusion and Outlook: To avoid any health risk for consumers, traders must be supervised, organized and made aware of good hygiene practices.
Effect of Tree Canopy Cover on Soil Moisture Dynamics in Different Agroforestry Systems under Semi-arid Condition
Authors: Kokila A , Nagarajaiah C , Hanumanthappa D C , Shivanna B , Sathish Karan , Mahadevamurthy M
Published: September 2024

The experiment was conducted in an Agroforestry plot under the maintenance of AICRP on Agroforestry located in GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. This study measures the soil moisture dynamics in different agroforestry systems under semiarid conditions, focusing on the influence of tree canopy cover on surface soil moisture. Seven agroforestry systems were analyzed, featuring tree species such as Tectona grandis, Melia dubia, Pongamia pinnata, Swietenia mahagoni, Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini paired with intercrops. Soil moisture was measured monthly using the gravimetric method, with samples collected inside and outside the tree canopy. The results indicate that soil moisture levels are generally higher inside the canopy due to reduced evaporation, improved microclimate, and enhanced soil structure from leaf litter accumulation. Species with dense canopies, like S. cumini and M. indica, demonstrated higher soil moisture retention, while deep-rooted species like S. mahagoni and A. occidentale maintained moisture during dry periods by accessing deeper soil layers. It highlights the significant role of canopy cover in soil moisture conservation within agroforestry systems. It underscores the importance of selecting appropriate tree species and managing canopy density to optimize soil moisture levels, particularly in semiarid regions.
Constraints of Custom Hiring Services Utilization & Suggestions for Advancing Farm Mechanization in Vijayapur District of Karnataka, India
Authors: Das Chitra , Patil S. B.
Published: September 2024

Indian agriculture has been evolving significantly, with one notable transformation being the shift from muscle power to mechanical power. Thus farm mechanization has a direct impact on crop productivity. However, small and marginal farmers often face financial constraints that prevent them from acquiring the necessary machinery. Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs) offer a viable solution by providing access to farm machinery at affordable rates. Custom hiring represents a farm machinery sharing practice, enabling farmers to utilize essential equipment without the burden of ownership costs. But there are some prominent lingering concerns associated with the functioning of custom hiring service centres. The present study aimed to identify the major issues encountered by farmers and custom hiring service providers when hiring machinery, indicating few major ones like lack of timely availability of required machinery during peak season (81.42%), non-availability of well-trained technical manpower (57.14%), inadequate & cumbersome service provision  (56.42%), unaffordable charge for hiring machinery (40.71%) alongside their suggestive measures to unlock the full potential of custom hiring services, resulting in significant advantages for both farmers and the agricultural sector. Later a synoptic study in 2022 (post-pandemic scenario), showcases few significant constraints associated with CH services like reduced adoption, rigid rules, lower profit margins, disruptive operations, rising dissatisfaction which can be addressed if the suggestive measures are to be followed with proper modifications and adjustments to improve upon the functioning of CHCs.
Integrating Pulses into Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Soil Health and Productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Plains
Authors: Alekhya Gunturi , Darjee Sibananda , Rajareddy Gundreddy , Reddy Kadapa Sreenivasa , Kumar A Anil , Reddy Ankireddypalli Jayakishore
Published: September 2024

Continuous cultivation of rice and wheat in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs) has resulted in significant soil degradation and environmental challenges. Diversifying cropping systems with pulses offers a sustainable solution, enhancing soil fertility, improving water productivity, and reducing input costs, including fertilizers and pesticides. This review highlights the potential to utilize extensive rice fallow regions, potentially expanding pulse cultivation by 1.0 M ha in the IGPs. Pulses' nitrogen-fixing ability and nutrient-rich residues play a crucial role in improving soil health, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, contributing to food security and climate resilience. The integration of pulses into conservation agriculture practices is essential for achieving sustainable agricultural intensification in this critical region.
Industrial Linkage
Authors: He Canfei , Zhu Shengjun
Published: February 2016

Industrial linkage can be broadly defined as the contacts and flows of information and/or materials between two or more industrial sectors or firms. The concept is widely used in industrial and economic geography to portray interfirm interdependence. A firm's linkages can be divided into: backward linkage, forward linkage, and sideways linkage. Industrial linkages are a powerful sustainer of industrial agglomerations, and serve to propel economic growth and widen a firm's knowledge of space. Its geographical patterning is dependent on transportation costs, development of telecommunication technology, and standardization of production, as well as political, institutional, and societal factors. In some instances, industrial linkage is reconceptualized as the operational manifestations of power relationships, and as the spatial dimension inherent in all power networks.