bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Third International Conference on Databases in the Humanities and Social Sciences
Authors: Mihram Danielle
Published: February 2008

The third International Conference on Data Bases in the Humanities and Social Sciences was held on June 10–12, 1983, at Rutgers University, sponsored by the Rutgers University Libraries, with financial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and Rutgers University.
A Reader's Guide To George Orwell's 1984
Authors: McInnis Raymond G. , Turner Michael
Published: February 2008

Many people fear the approach of 1984. Why? Because in their minds too many of George Orwell's dark prophecies in his 1948 novel,1984, appear to be coming true.
Electronic Libraries: What Price Research?
Authors: Taler Izabella
Published: February 2008

Improving the means of document delivery has been a traditional concern to library administrators. Two other concerns have been the speedy identification of and the locating of materials of interest to patrons. Current advances in computer technology are helping librarians meet all three concerns.
Birds of a Feather: A Covey of Field Guides
Authors: Klaas Janet
Published: February 2008

Birding, the active seeking out and identification of birds, is a wide‐spread and fast growing avocation on this continent, and indeed throughout the world. Jon Rickert's A Guide to North American Bird Clubs lists 17 national/continental organizations for both professional ornithologists and amateur birders and 844 state, provincial, and local associations. In addition, there are those legions of “unorganized” bird watchers and occasional, inquisitive discoverers of backyard birds. Members of this diverse congregation of birders have at least one thing in common — the need for a reliable identification tool enabling them to correctly label the just‐seen, unfamiliar bird. A field guide is just such a tool.
Library Orientation and Instruction — 1983
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: February 2008

The following annotated list of materials on providing library orientation to users and instructing them in library and information skills is the tenth annual review of this literature and covers publications from 1983. A few items have not been annotated because the compiler was unable to secure a copy of these items.
The Olympic Games: A Select Bibliography of Bibliographies
Authors: Meyer Evelyn S.
Published: February 2008

But if, my heart, you would speak of prizes won in the Games, look no more for another bright star by day in the empty sky more warming than the sun, nor shall we name any gathering greater than the Olympian.
Ancient Egypt
Authors: Harned Robert L.
Published: February 2008

Ancient Egyptian studies, as a formal academic discipline, originated in the 19th century. Besides being of great fascination to scholars, ancient Egypt has also been of much interest to the general public, due to the deep sense of wonder, grandeur, and mystery that the extant monuments and artifacts have evoked, and still continue to evoke.
Gambling
Authors: Carey Arthur E. , Carey Kjestine R.
Published: February 2008

Gambling has been a part of the human experience for a long time, perhaps as long as humans have interacted socially. Its literature has been accumulating since ancient times, with references found in some of the earliest records. Throughout history gambling has had a bad reputation because of the multitude of social problems attributed to it. The gambling industry today refers to the activity as “gaming,” which does not sound quite as notorious.
Encore Filby!
Authors: Haynes Evelyn
Published: February 2008

Filby, P. William. American & British Genealogy & Heraldry: A Selected List of Books. 3d ed. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1983. $49.95. 736p. LC 84—865. ISBN 0—88082—004—7. OCLC 9322929. With the publication of his first edition of American & British Genealogy & Heraldry in 1970, William Filby began an enterprise that was to qualify him as the leading contemporary bibliographer of genealogy and local history. Revised first in 1975 and now in 1983, this important work has grown through successive stages to a size and scope that is unmatched in its field. When the first two editions of his work were published, Filby was serving as director of the Maryland Historical Society. Since his retirement from that post, he has devoted his time to writing or editing several important genealogical works, notably the Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, A Bibliography of Ship Passenger Lists, and Who's Who in Genealogy and Heraldry, in addition to this third edition of his bibliography.
Dictionaries of Quotations: A Comparative Review
Authors: McPheron Elaine
Published: February 2008

Dictionaries of quotations are one of the more personal categories of reference books as evidenced by the diverse responses of their reviewers. The latest edition of The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations was considered “a splendid achievement” by one and “a disaster” by another, while a third introduced his critique with the caution, “It can be said about any such book that its contents will be in‐adequate and its editors presumptuous …”
Anthropology and Archaeology; A Selective Interdisciplinary Guide to the Reference Literature: Periodical Indexes
Authors: Stephen Perry Larry
Published: February 2008

Anthropology, and archaeology, a subdivision of anthropology, traditionally defined as the study of man and his cultures, has greatly expanded its scope of interest in recent years. These interests are now much more contemporary and therefore less arcane to the average layman.
Reference Sources in Journalism and Mass Communication
Authors: Block Eleanor S.
Published: February 2008

The nations of the world are linked together by increasingly fast, efficient and sophisticated means of communication. Satellites, cable, and other telecommunication methods are used to implement this mass communication. The mass media forms, radio, television, newspapers, magazines, film, etc., have influenced not only their resident population, they have the potential to influence all of us. The reference sources in this article are concerned with this global aspect.
Reference Serials
Authors: Veitch Carol J.
Published: February 2008

School Library Media Annual. 1983‐ . A. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited. Ed. by Shirley L. Aaron and Pat R. Scales. 333p. $35. LC 84–640490. ISSN 0739–7712. OCLC 9809890. School Library Media Annual 1983 is the first volume of a new annual publication from Libraries Unlimited. It was developed to cover important events, issues, concepts, and trends relevant to the field of school librarianship. The specific purposes of School Library Media Annual are:
Travels in Referenceland: Computing the Almanac
Authors: Roberts Justine
Published: February 2008

Anne Grodzins Lipow is a whiz at helping people satisfy needs they never knew they had. Who would have suspected a market for small wooden dreidls (first‐of‐a‐kind in California) when she and a partner began to make and sell these special children's tops a few years ago? Now it is a Berkeley tradition: just step up to Anne's Berkeley street‐stand during the holiday season to buy one of these attractive, inexpensive Chanukah offerings. Not enough time for your library research? Call the University of California at Berkeley Library's Baker service (dial 64‐BAKER) and order campus‐mail delivery of copies of one or more articles or books, located on the Berkeley campus or elsewhere. Lipow began this service for Berkeley faculty and students in 1974, an advance that generated many an “Of course!” from colleagues at the time and scores of “copycat” services since. If you were hunting for a list of female judges in California, you would look in the state almanac, naturally; but a California almanac for adults did not exist until this year. That was when librarian Lipow, having again heard opportunity tapping, joined with political scientist James Fay, and American literature scholar Stephanie Fay, to bring out the inaugural edition of California Almanac (Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1984; $12.95).
American History Reference Sources, 1983–1984
Authors: Barber Gary D. , Burroughs Carol
Published: February 2008

This seventh annual survey of American history reference sources is the largest yet; 23 books have been selected for review, while past surveys averaged about 15 titles. The reviews include 14 titles published in 1983, eight published early in 1984, and one 1982 title. The 1982 imprint, Proceedings and Debates of the British Parliaments Respecting North America, was overlooked before. Since it is still in progress it is included in this survey.
Using the IBM Personal Computer for Library Instruction
Authors: Arnott Patricia D. , Richards Deborah E.
Published: February 2008

The term computer‐assisted instruction, or CAI, may apply to all instructional uses of the computer. More specifically, CAI means using the computer as an instructional tool: to present new information to the user, test a user's knowledge of information previously presented, or allow her or him to discover new concepts. No instructor need be present, since the user interacts directly with the computer. All necessary directions are included within the lesson. The user is allowed to control the process by pressing keys to advance or review, all at his or her own pace. The lesson may require the user to answer questions periodically, and will react appropriately to the user's responses. Animation and graphics may be used to add visual interest and aid in the understanding of difficult concepts. Various modes of instruction and innovative design strategies help make CAI lessons stimulating for the user. Lessons may be done at any time, and the instructor may be spared many hours of time‐consuming or repetitious instruction.
Local Periodical Indexes Provide Access to Regional Publications
Authors: Hallman Clark N. , McGruer Jean
Published: February 2008

Magazines and newsletters focusing on city, county, state, and regional concerns offer a remarkable amount of information and entertainment. Unfortunately, many library users are unaware of the existence of local publications that they might find interesting. Librarians can promote the use of these serials by producing periodic indexes to them. In this article, reference librarians Clark N. Hallman and Jean McGruer share their expertise in the development of such indexes.
Reference Guides for the Weatherwise
Authors: Curtis Susan
Published: February 2008

Numerous publications are available to help reference librarians answer their clients' questions on meteorological conditions in specific regions of the world. Here, Susan Curtis reviews several such materials.
Dr. Benjamin Spock's Baby and Child Care: Origins, Impact, Sources
Authors: McInnis Raymond G.
Published: February 2008

Dr. Benjamin Spock's advice to parents has been commented on and analyzed by many authors. In this article, Raymond G. McInnis outlines some of the major themes found in the criticism of Baby and Child Care, and cites important works on the subject.
A Lengthy Innings on a Desert Island
Authors: Horrocks Norman
Published: February 2008

As one of the world's least competent handy‐persons, I would start by eliminating all thoughts of being able to profit from any book on boatbuilding. As a result, I am planning on a lengthy stay on my desert island. This means that in selecting titles that would help me “to create a reference/information service” I would need to include also titles that would enable me to retain my personal sanity. In other words, this is going to be a choice geared to my personal interests and not the balanced collection that might be sought in other circumstances.
Did Anything Else Ever Happen on December Seventh? A Review of Books of Days
Authors: Rogers Stephen W.
Published: February 2008

Do these reference requests sound familiar? “I need to know what has happened on this day in history. Can you help me?” Or, “I'm doing a paper on Thornton Wilder. He was born on 17 April. Can you tell me who else was born on that day?” Or, “Are any national or regional anniversaries coming up next Friday?” These questions call for a special type of reference work—a book of days. A book of days (or day book) lists important events that have occurred on each day of the year throughout history, and is arranged by month and day. These works often include not only historical, cultural, and literary events, but also the dates of the births and deaths of notable people, commemorative days of saints, and special anniversaries. A book of days, for example, can reveal that historians Will and Ariel Durant were married in New York City Hall on Halloween in 1913, or that Hart Crane and Ernest Hemingway were born on the same day in 1899 (21 July). This article will review some of the more useful books of days that are often found in reference collections—works that are uniquely suited to answer questions about each day of the year.
American History Reference Sources, 1984
Authors: Barber Gary D. , Burroughs Carol
Published: February 2008

This eighth annual survey of American history reference sources includes reviews of seventeen new books, most of which were published in 1984. (The two 1983 imprints were received after the seventh survey went to press.) While the annual survey was never intended to be all‐inclusive, the authors have tried to review as many new, general‐interest titles as possible. As always, the authors have based their evaluations on copies in hand.
February: Black History Month
Authors: Thomas Willa J.
Published: February 2008

The precursor of Black History Month was Negro History Week, which was first observed in 1926. It was initiated by Carter G. Woodson, the “father of black history,” and founder of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. At that time, the study of black culture concentrated on Afro‐American historical figures. The civil rights movement in the United States and the decolonizaiton of Africa were decades away.
May: Family Reunion Month
Authors: Thomas Willa J.
Published: February 2008

Family reunions are a tradition almost as old as the human species. They may be as small as the reunion of members of an immediate family, or as large as the gathering of an extended family. The family reunion renews old bonds, reclaims lost ties, and recognizes new branches of the family tree. Keeping track of all the branches of the family is the central purpose of a family reunion. Accordingly, attempts at genealogical research may begin or end at a family reunion. A person's interest in investigating her family's history might be aroused when she hears old family stories; a researcher might obtain at a reunion the information he has been seeking in libraries. Completed research is often discussed at the reunions of families whose members have been studying the families' histories over a period of years. Many such families join into family associations or organizations of some kind, occasionally even becoming incorporated.
September: National Cheerleading Month
Authors: Boyer Robert E.
Published: February 2008

September is National Cheerleading Month, a time filled with the excitement of returning to school and the renewed hope for a championship year for the school teams.
October: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Awareness Month
Authors: Velez‐Vendrell Norma
Published: February 2008

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) causes approximately seven thousand infant deaths in the United States every year. SIDS is the sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant; it is the most common cause of death in infants after their first week of life. Also known as “crib death” or “cot death,” it typically occurs at night when an infant is sleeping.
American Newspaper Week: Week of 25 September
Authors: Caldwell Wood Naomi , Page Bill
Published: February 2008

American Newspaper Week is celebrated each year during the week of 25 September by the Committee for the Observance of American Newspaper Week. The event commemorates the publication of the first American newspaper, Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick, on 25 September 1690 in Boston. The Committee for the Observance of American Newspaper Week sponsors a variety of events in honor of those who contribute to making the American newspaper a valuable resource.
Introducing Governmental Documents in Academic Libraries and School Media Centers: A Selected Bibliography and Guide
Authors: Keith Diana J.
Published: February 2008

Library patrons' lack of awareness about the governmental documents held in public and academic libraries is an often repeated theme in the literature of documents librarianship. Various programs are implemented in academic libraries to inform students about governmental publications, including one of the more common methods of user‐education, namely, bibliographic instruction. Classes can range from those that introduce general library resources and mention documents, to those that are devoted exclusively to describing governmental documents. Few college students without specialized training are aware of governmental publications, and some academic librarians and elementary and secondary media specialists may share this ignorance. One illustration of this point is Smelser's study, done in 1978, which showed that only 10 percent of the librarians in Minnesota secondary school libraries and media centers had completed any formal course work in governmental documents. Another 60 percent had taken a course that devoted nine or fewer actual hours of class time to some aspects of governmental publications. Library schools commonly offer only one course on governmental documents; thus, many public and academic librarians feel inadequately prepared to provide assistance in this changing field of reference work.
Directories of Publishing Opportunities: A Bibliographical Survey
Authors: Armistead Myra
Published: February 2008

Anyone who attempts to publish an article should be familiar with the Writer's Market. This standard reference work, which describes the editorial policies of numerous book and journal publishers, is readily available in most libraries and bookstores.
Metamorphosis of the IBZ Bibliographic Index
Authors: Boyden Patrick C.
Published: February 2008

The Internationale Bibliographie der Zeitschriftenliteratur aus alien Gebieten des Wissens (IBZ) and the Internationale Bibliographie der Rezentionen Wissenschaflicher Literatur (IBR) appear to be disappearing from the United States. Why is this happening? Is it any loss?
InfoBase:BibSrch A Bibliographic DBMS for Self‐Service Catalogs
Authors: Lee Power Durward
Published: February 2008

InfoBaserBibSrch (originally called BibSrch) began as a hobby and has turned into a vocation. In developing the product, there was no sponsor to whom to answer. No one's requirements list had to be satisfied. The development process was an opportunity to explore, experiment, and challenge assumptions. My guidelines resulted from listening over the last twenty years to librarians critique systems. The product was in development for three years before the first test site was selected. Many people gave moral support and helped critique the product. My colleagues at the Federal Library and Information Center Committee provided special assistance, for which I am most grateful.
Women: The Entrepreneurs of the 1980s
Authors: Joos Marion
Published: February 2008

In 1977 President Jimmy Carter appointed a task force to study the problems of women entrepreneurs; the report subsequently issued recommended that government programs be initiated over a five to ten year period to aid and stimulate the participation of women in the mainstream of business ownership. Since 1978 the growth in the number of businesses owned by women has been phenomenal; in 1984 the Small Business Administration reported that the number of self‐employed women had increased from 1.7 million in 1977 to 3.5 million. One‐fourth of the small businesses in the United States are now owned by women. Women started businesses at a rate six times faster than men from 1974 to 1984, but generated less than ten percent of the total business receipts in the United States. This reflects the fact that most businesses owned by women tend to be small service‐related enterprises.
What's That Doing Here? Non‐Bibliographic Data in a Bibliographic Environment
Authors: Koppel Ted , Shaw Ward
Published: February 2008

Thirty thousand people, using more than 450 active terminals, perform hundreds of thousands of searches daily on the Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries (CARL) Public Access Catalog (PAC). The Denver Public Library, the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Denver, the University of Northern Colorado, the Colorado School of Mines, and the Auraria Library are the six libraries of CARL; about 2.6 million bibliographic records are contained in the members' databases. An additional 200,000 MARC‐based bibliographic records representing local, regional, state, and federal documents are in a database shared by two or more members.
The Roper Center: The World's Largest Archive of Survey Data
Authors: Barry John M.
Published: February 2008

In 1986 The Roper Center celebrated its fortieth year as the largest archive of survey data in the world. It was, in fact, 1946 when Elmo Roper founded the center at Williams College. A collection of 177 surveys conducted by Roper Research Associates served to establish the center as the first archive of polling data. From the start, the center laid the framework by which other pioneers in the field of opinion research, especially George Gallup, Sr., came to appreciate its scholarly nature. Subsequently many of these pioneers helped increase its holdings by donating survey material of their own.
Microcomputer‐based Access to Machine‐readable Numeric Databases
Authors: Wenzel Patrick
Published: February 2008

The Data and Program Library Service (DPLS) supports the research needs of the faculty, staff, and students of the University of Wisconsin‐Madison. Although our primary charge is to the College of Letters and Science, we serve the entire university. DPLS is primarily a data archive of numerical databases for secondary analysis, but we are also the local official representative of the Inter‐university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR).
Microcomputer Database Management Systems That Interface with Online Public Access Catalogs
Authors: Rice James
Published: February 2008

Since they started to appear in the 1970s, online public access catalogs (OPACs) have developed in sophistication and increased greatly in number. Yet most experts on the subject agree that these OPACs are still clearly in their infancy. One of the areas that has been explored very little in either the literature or the marketplace is the development of microcomputer software packages designed specifically for searching and managing records from OPACs. Uploading and downloading, of course, have been around for some time but have been focused on library automation systems (e.g., derived records from OCLC) and online searching services (e.g., building personal reference files from DIALOG searches).
Teaching Research Skills Using Video: An Undergraduate Library Approach
Authors: Smith Jean
Published: February 2008

Technology can be both the bane and the boon of bibliographic instruction librarians. While none of us would hesitate to extol the virtues of automation and computerization, it becomes more evident that, in some ways, library instruction is driven by technology. Technological advances give us new classes to teach, but also offer new methods of instruction. Considering what we want to teach, and considering the methods available ten years ago as compared to the present, we've come a long way—but so have our students. This is not to say they are any more knowledgeable of library research methods; but rather, computer and video technology are now second nature for them. Introducing this technology into the classroom means we have the ability to provide library instruction in a way that encourages students to learn—on their own terms.
Planning for CD‐ROM Technology: Or, How to Stop Worrying and Embrace the CD‐ROM
Authors: Downing Jeff
Published: February 2008

Since the introduction of CD‐ROM databases for libraries, books and articles have been written and conferences held to both define the technology and explore uses of the new format in libraries. Nancy Melin Nelson has defined two types of CD‐ROM products for the library market. The first is designed as a support tool for automation activities, such as cataloging and public access systems. The Library Corporation's BiblioFile and Intelligent Catalog products are examples. The other type, and the one on which this article will focus, provides unlimited access to databases previously produced in an online and/or paper format (i.e., reference databases). Librarians have been relatively quick to accept CD‐ROM as a viable alternative or companion to their online databases. CD‐ROM technology has even afforded some libraries their first encounter with automated reference databases. Experience has taught us, however, that incorporating CD‐ROM reference systems is not as simple as many vendors would have librarians believe. Planning for the new technology is vital. This article will examine four areas of planning that should be addressed before a well‐informed decision to purchase can be made: hardware, database(s), search and retrieval software, and user education.
Wilsondisc: A Review
Authors: Tuckett Harold W.
Published: February 2008

The Undergraduate Library (UGL) at the University of Michigan (UM) is charged primarily with providing library collections and services to support undergraduate library needs for the College of Literature, Science and the Arts. Undergraduate students from that college are the main users of the library, although the library is also used by other undergraduate students, as well as graduate students, faculty, and members of the community. In addition to the regular collection, the UGL provides a variety of computer‐related services to its users. It houses and administers a public‐access microcomputer center containing over 70 Zenith and Macintosh microcomputers, all of which are networked to the campus‐wide computer network, and a collection of over one hundred software titles. There are also a variety of computerized information tools in the library's collection. A public‐access GEAC circulation terminal has been in place for over a year; also available have been two InfoTrac terminals and a microcomputer dedicated to serving as a public‐access Wil‐search terminal. The library also provides intermediary‐based online search services, with access to BRS, DIALOG, RLIN, WILSONLINE, and VU/TEXT. The library is presently implementing a NOTIS‐based online public access catalog and integrated library system.
The New Oxford English Dictionary and the Uses of Machine‐Readable Dictionaries
Authors: Gray Richard A.
Published: February 2008

Any major dictionary needs to be continuously updated to keep current with the rapid growth of language. Faced with the need for such endless supplementation, Oxford University Press, in considering the available choices, concluded that automating the Oxford English Dictionary offered the only practicable solution. Traditional “cut‐and‐paste” methods of revision were ruled out as inadequate to meet the requirements of a task of such staggering proportions. But even if Oxford University Press had not planned to revise or enhance the Oxford English Dictionary, automation would still have brought enormous benefits to those who make extraordinary demands on dictionaries, for a traditional printed dictionary is a very unsatisfying reference tool in many ways, serving only if its conditions of strict lineality are accepted. If, on the other hand, an unreasonable demand of a dictionary is made, such as “Print out two carefully dated lists of all English adjectives ending in ‐ic and ‐ical,” then the traditional dictionary is about as useful as a sling‐shot or a royal command that the tides cease. Computerization, thus, can transform the linear reference tool into a versatile research tool with multiple points of access and provide scholars with a lexicographical research tool of unparalleled subtlety and power.
The Market Place: An Internal View of the Future of CD‐ROM— The Perspectives of the H. W. Wilson Company
Authors: Miller Frank W. , Voigt Loeding Deborah
Published: February 2008

The library marketplace for reference services is a rapidly changing environment. Various types of technologies have been introduced during the past twenty years to facilitate the retrieval of periodical information. Beginning with online access to databases, and progressing from menu‐driven systems to access online databases, the library community is now ready to embrace the latest and most revolutionary technology for libraries—CD‐ROM.
Periodical Indexing Ondisc: A Comparative Analysis of InfoTrac Use in Three Illinois Libraries
Authors: Forrest Charles , Chapman Karen , Wright Joyce
Published: February 2008

Optical discs are having a significant impact on information retrieval in libraries. They provide access to bibliographic and numeric data in an efficient manner, retrieving information in seconds that would take a patron using a printed source much longer to find. InfoTrac, a periodical database produced by Information Access Company, is an example of an application of this technology. The forerunner of the company's General Periodicals Index, InfoTrac consists of a database stored on a laser‐optical videodisc and a microcomputer work‐station for accessing, displaying, and printing the contents of the database.
A Fresh Look at the Index to Current Urban Documents and the Urban Documents Microfiche Collection
Authors: Heckart Ronald J.
Published: February 2008

Need information on programs for homeless persons? On policies and costs for treating persons with AIDS? On groundwater contamination? Waterfront development? Rent control? How about requests for extensive narrative and statistical information on a distant community or metropolitan region? The Index to Current Urban Documents and its accompanying Urban Documents Microfiche Collection are excellent resources for these types of questions. Unfortunately, many libraries that subscribe to the index and microfiche collection fail to use them. In fact, underuse of these resources is probably the norm in most libraries. In a 1986 study of northern Illinois public libraries identified as receiving requests for local government information at least biweekly, none of the librarians interviewed reported having used the Index to Current Urban Documents.
Five Years After A Nation at Risk: An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Gratch Bonnie G.
Published: February 2008

More than five years have passed since A Nation at Risk was published in 1983 by then‐Secretary of Education Terrance Bell's National Commission on Excellence in Education. Those years have seen the publication of an enormous body of both primary material, composed of research reports, essays, and federal and state reform proposals and reports; and secondary material, composed of summaries and reviews of the original reform reports and reports about effective programs that are based on reform recommendations. This annotated bibliography seeks to identify, briefly describe, and organize in a useful manner those publications dealing with K‐12 education reform and improvement. The overall purposes of this article are to bring organization to that list, and also to trace relationships and influences from the federal initiatives to the states and professional associations, and from there to the school districts and individual schools.
Library Orientation and Instruction—1988
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: February 2008

The following is an annotated list of materials dealing with orientation to library facilities and services, instruction in the use of information resources, and research and computer skills related to retrieving, using, and evaluating information. This review, the fifteenth to be published in Reference Services Review, includes items in English published in 1988. A few are not annotated because the compiler could not obtain copies of them for this review.
Language Dictionaries and Grammars of Guam and Micronesia
Authors: Goetzfridt Nicholas J. , Goniwiecha Mark C.
Published: February 2008

Micronesia, a term that means “small islands,” refers to a region of Western Pacific islands scattered across an area of the Pacific Ocean larger than the continental United States (see figure 1). This vast area, located in the tropics almost entirely north of the Equator, covers more than 4,500,000 square miles of ocean and includes more than 2,100 palm tree‐studded islands, islets, and coral atolls. Yet its total land area is fewer than 1,200 square miles—only slightly larger than Rhode Island (see figure 2). Only about 125 of the islands are inhabited on a permanent basis, by some 350,000 people.
Expert System Shells: What To Look For
Authors: Quinn Kenneth
Published: February 2008

Expert systems are interactive computer programs that ask the same questions a human expert would ask, and from the information given to them provide the same answer the expert would provide. If a body of knowledge can be codified into a set of questions and answers, it can be incorporated into an expert system. A good example of such a body of knowledge is the reference librarian's knowledge of the reference collection at his or her library; the set of questions asked by a librarian during a reference interview can be used to access this body of knowledge.
He Anthropology of Environmental Decline: Part 3 Post‐War Africa: A case study of underdevelopment and Ecological decline
Authors: Weiskel Timothy C. , Gray Richard A.
Published: February 2008

To provide a brief illustration of how the circumstances of economic underdevelopment and ecological decline are reciprocally linked, we can begin by tracing the post‐World War II history of Africa. Political histories of the post‐war period abound for almost all parts of the continent, since it was during this era that many African colonies struggled for and won political independence. Detailed ecological histories of colonialism and the post‐colonial states, however, are just beginning to be researched and written. Nevertheless, several broad patterns and general trends of this history are now becoming apparent, and they can be set forth in rough narrative form even though detailed histories have yet to be compiled.
Terrorism: Current readings
Authors: El‐Sherbini Magda
Published: February 2008

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human life. It existed during Biblical times when Joseph, the seventeen‐year‐old son of Jacob, was kidnapped and sold into slavery by his jealous brothers. Although terrorists have been active throughout history, it is only recently that we have seen an increase in scholarly interest in the phenomenon of terrorism. One reason for this is the fact that terrorist activities have increased dramatically since the 1960s. Everyday we read in the newspapers and hear on radio and television details of the latest terrorist outrage. Many American colleges and universities now offer a course or two on terrorism as a part of their curriculum.
The North Carolina State University Libraries and the National Agricultural Library joint project on Transmission of Digitized Text: Improving access to agricultural information
Authors: Casorso Tracy M.
Published: February 2008

The National Agricultural Library (NAL), the North Carolina State University(NCSU) Libraries, and the NCSU Computing Center are collaborating on a research and demonstration project to identify and investigate issues involved in a networked, computer‐based document delivery system for library materials. The project uses scanned images of documents to generate highly detailed, machine‐readable page images, and transmits those images through the data transmission capabilities of the NSFnet/Internet to computers located in libraries, in research areas, and on scholars' desks at agricultural research stations and extension offices throughout the United States. By using commercial, graphics‐capable, networked hardware platforms combined with commercial and public domain software, a non‐proprietary, computer‐based document delivery system should be within the reach of the land grant library community by the mid‐1990s.
Official state lists of endangered, threatened, or rare species
Authors: Gardner Rebecca L. , Boyle Jeanne E. , Calhoun Ellen
Published: February 2008

Following enactment of the federal Endangered Species Act in 1973, a variety of organizations proceeded to establish lists of endangered, threatened, or rare species of wildlife that they believed fell within their purview. State lists, as opposed to regional or national lists, are of particular importance because they form a rigorous record of the status of species in small, well‐defined geographic areas. State lists also indicate the development status of legal management efforts in the various states and are, therefore, predictors of how rigorously species variety will be maintained. Online searches of environment, legal, and government indexes (Enviroline, NTIS, Agricola, and others) demonstrated that there is no organized way to identify official state lists and that, in fact, few official lists are cited within the voluminous environment literature.
Monitoring user search success through transaction log analysis: The Wolfpac example
Authors: Zink Steven D.
Published: February 2008

It is common knowledge that public card catalogs in libraries have been poorly understood and inefficiently utilized by a large portion of their searchers. The myriad reasons for this situation range from the complicated nature of card filing rules to poor or total lack of understanding of assigned subject headings on the part of users. The emergence of automated online public access catalogs was initially seen as a means of overcoming this pattern of poor utilization. Instead, their widespread adoption has often transferred ineffective user searching behavior to an electronic environment.
AIDS: Update For Ethical & Legal Issues: Selective bibliography of citations from the national reference center for bioethics literature
Authors: Milmoe McCarrick Pat
Published: February 2008

In April 1988, the National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature (NRC) (see sidebar) published “AIDS: Law, Ethics and Public Policy.” As part of the NRC's Scope Note Series, the paper offered a current overview of issues and viewpoints related to AIDS and ethics. Not meant to be a comprehensive review of all AIDS literature, it contained selected citations referring to facts, opinion, and legal precedents, as well as a discussion of different ethical aspects surrounding AIDS. Updating the earlier work, this bibliography provides ethical citations from literature published from 1988 to the present.
Library services in a supercomputer center
Authors: Layman Mary
Published: February 2008

“During the past few years—roughly the first half of the 1980s—a growing number of scientists, engineers, and businessmen discovered that conventional computers are too limited, or too slow, to meet their needs…This led to increasing demand for access to supercomputers, the most powerful computers in existence…”
Library orientation and instruction—1990
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: February 2008

The following is an annotated list of materials dealing with information literacy including instruction in the use of information resources, research, and computer skills related to retrieving, using, and evaluating information. This review, the seventeenth to be published in Reference Services Review, includes items, in English published in 1990. A few are not annotated because the compiler could not obtain copies of them for this review.
Reducing the text burden: Using children's literature and trade books in elementary school science educaton
Authors: Nordstrom Virginia
Published: February 2008

In the 1980s, as the United States encountered international economic and technological challenges, the very ability of the American educational system to produce a competitive labor force, able to learn and solve problems, was questioned. During this past decade, renewed concern about educational quality in the United States motivated over one hundred reports analyzing the shortcomings in our system of education and endorsing reform. All of the principal curriculum areas have been reviewed in this process; moreover, science education has been deemed particularly deficient. Major reports sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) recommend both content revision of science courses and methodological changes in the way science is presented throughout the elementary and secondary grades.
Technostress and the reference librarian
Authors: Kupersmith John
Published: February 2008

Rapid technological change has become a fact of life in the libraries of the 1990s. While this change touches all parts of the library organization, nowhere is it more visible, or are its effects more keenly felt, than in reference departments. Consider these “snapshots”—fictional, but real enough:
An evaluation of a training and assistance program for the CD‐ROM Databases: Reflections on the process
Authors: Kenny Richard F. , Schroeder Eileen
Published: February 2008

Compact disk database systems have been proliferating in libraries for the past several years. Producers have promoted them as user‐friendly, self‐instructional systems that require little on‐site assistance for use. Libraries have placed the systems out for use and have sometimes found this assumption questionable. Numerous articles have appeared on planning for these new reference tools, but only a few have presented evaluations of their implementation and impact on librarians and library services (e.g., Lynn and Bacsany, 1989; Schultz and Salomon, 1990; Welsh, 1989; Steffy and Meyer, 1989; Nissley, et al., 1989; LePoer and Mularski, 1989; Nash and Wilson, 1991). Most have used user surveys to garner data on user satisfaction and effectiveness. Such questionnaires have tended to indicate favorable user reaction to the systems and to the relevance to their needs of the retrieved citations (e.g., Pope, 1989; Bleeker, Tjiam, and Volkers, 1988) while others have shown the former but not the latter phenomenon. Nash and Wilson (1991) found that students were satisfied with their searches but that over one‐third retrieved relatively useless or inappropriate citations. They found the undergraduates they surveyed and/or interviewed had problems critically analyzing the results of their searches. Stewart and Olsen (1988) conducted an experimental comparison of ERIC on CD‐ROM (SilverPlatter) and in print form. Subjects using the CD‐ROM outperformed those using the print index in retrieving relevant references for assigned topics. One particularly interesting result showed subjects using CD‐ROM with no prior training outperforming subjects trained to use print indexes. Further, regardless of treatment group membership, 90 percent felt that the CD‐ROMs would yield the greatest number of useful references. Both instructed and uninstructed CD‐ROM groups rated their methods as easier than print indexes.
Bibliography of Alaska and Polar Regions (BIBAPR): A a database for locating information about Alaska and Polar regions in periodical publications
Authors: Inouye Ronald K. , Hales David A.
Published: February 2008

With the discovery of oil on Alaska's North Slope, the continued issues regarding the Alaska Native Land Claims Settlement Act, the oil spill of the Exxon Valdez in the Prince William Sound, the controversy over oil exploration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and the recent announcement by the United States Geological Survey that the Arctic will be the focal point for global change studies, Alaska, once known as “Seward's Follie” and a place that should be given back to Russia, continues to be in the forefront of national and international news.
The art of speaking fair: A Bibliographical study of Euphemism And Dysphemism
Authors: Gray Richard A.
Published: February 2008

It is eminently fitting that the Greeks who gave us their word for “speaking fair” should also have supplied us with the ultimate exemplification of its use. They were wont to refer to the Furies, a group of avenging goddesses, as the Eumenides or “The Fair Ones.” Since the Furies were imagined as having a batlike shape which was adorned with a profusion of snakish hair, they were not fair at all, but rather terrifying, intimidating in the highest degree. To euphemize a phenomenon is to call it something other than what it most particularly is, anything at all provided the new designation is gentler, milder, less offensive, less threatening. It is even possible, as in the case of the Furies renamed Fair Ones, to effect a 180‐degree reversal of meaning.
Focus on earthquake information
Authors: Tao Dorothy , Coty Patricia Ann
Published: February 2008

Until the Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October 1989, also known as the “World Series earthquake” or the “San Francisco earthquake,” many of us may have considered earthquakes a remote danger. But instantaneous television transmission from the interrupted World Series game and frightening images of the collapsed Cypress Viaduct and the burning Marina district transformed this incident from a distant disaster into a phenomenon that touched us all. The Loma Prieta earthquake was followed in December 1990 by the inaccurate but widely publicized New Madrid earthquake prediction. Despite its inaccuracy, this prediction alerted the public to the fact that the largest earthquake ever to have occurred in the United States occurred not in California or Alaska, but in Missouri, and that a large earthquake could occur there again. Americans are discovering that few places are immune to the possibility of an earthquake.
Shaking the conceptual foundations of reference: A perspective
Authors: Campbell Jerry D.
Published: February 2008

I'm sorry I looked into the whole thing. I mean reference service in libraries and a new economic model for reference.
The information gateway: Designing a front‐end interface to enhance library instruction
Authors: Smith Philip J. , Tiefel Virginia
Published: February 2008

Effective problem solving in a complex society requires educated citizens who possess the ability to identify, acquire, and evaluate available information on a particular topic, question, or problem. With the vast increase in the quantity of information available today, however, many people experience great difficulty with such information‐seeking activities. This difficulty is often exacerbated by the need to use cumbersome computer systems to gain access to much of this information.
Librarian in a box: The use of electronic mail for reference
Authors: Still Julie , Campbell Frank
Published: February 2008

In the past few years more and more librarians have discovered electronic mail. One indication of this new awareness is the proliferation of library‐specific bulletin boards and computer conferences on established electronic networks like Bitnet and Internet. The number of authors listing e‐mail addresses in library journals has also increased significantly. Conference participants may be asked to give an e‐mail address as well as a regular mail (“snail mail”) address on committee rosters. Some libraries have local area networks that tie them into campus or systemwide networks.