bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VOZES SILENCIADAS: A INVISIBILIDADE DE DOUTORAS NEGRAS NAS CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA BRASILEIRA E COLOMBIANA
Authors: Da Silva Farias Rejane Maria , Da Silva Joselina
Published: December 2024

As mulheres negras têm sido historicamente marginalizadas e invisibilizadas nas Ciências da Natureza no Brasil e na Colômbia. Seus saberes e contribuições são frequentemente negligenciados, perpetuando a desigualdade de gênero e raça. Apesar dos obstáculos, elas resistem e lutam. Perante o exposto, o atual trabalho pretende explorar as trajetórias acadêmicas de doutoras negras atuantes nas Ciências da Natureza no Brasil e na Colômbia. Destacando dificuldades e desafios enfrentados por essas mulheres, bem como suas conquistas e contribuições para o avanço do conhecimento científico. Para isso, a proposta foi uma coleta de dados baseados em entrevistas semiestruturadas com doutoras negras nas áreas das Ciências da Natureza, atuantes em Universidades, tanto no Brasil quanto na Colômbia. Entendendo-se que é fundamental promover políticas públicas e ações afirmativas para garantir a equidade de gênero e raça no ambiente acadêmico. Este estudo destaca a importância da representatividade e contribuição das mulheres negras nas Ciências da Natureza.
Diversity and spatial distribution of Lauraceae tree species in Lower Montane Forest at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Northern Thailand
Authors: SRISUWAN SIRIPHUM , SUNGKAEW SARAWOOD , WACHRINRAT CHONGRAK , ASANOK LAMTHAI , KAMYO TORLARP , THINKAMPHEANG SATHID , KACHINA PANIDA , HERMHUK SUTHEERA , PHUMPHUANG WONGSATORN , YARNVUDHI ARERUT , MAROD DOKRAK
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Srisuwan S, Sungkaew S, Wachrinrat C, Asanok L, Kamyo T, Thinkampheang S, Kachina P, Hermhuk S, Phumphuang W, Yarnvudhi A, Marod D. 2024. Diversity and spatial distribution of Lauraceae tree species in Lower Montane Forest at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3510-3520. Montane forests are characterized by high plant diversity, including a notable representation by the Lauraceae family, which offers a variety of ecological and economic benefits. This study aimed to assess the species diversity, spatial distribution, and habitat suitability of the Lauraceae family in the Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Northern Thailand. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was employed to determine the spatial distribution of the dominant Lauraceae species, whereas the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to assess habitat suitability for key species. A total of 24 species across 10 genera were found. The most species-rich genera were Cinnamomum and Litsea, followed by Cryptocarya, Machilus and Phoebe, and Actinodaphne, Persea, Beilschmiedia, and Neocinnamomum. Habitat suitability for important Lauraceae species was categorized into low-, medium-, and high-potential areas. The elevation and soil organic matter were the most significant factors influencing species abundance. Additionally, soil properties also played a role in species distribution. The spatial distribution of Lauraceae species was primarily influenced by elevation. However, this distribution is also influenced by the interplay between elevation, soil properties, climate, and human activity. Thus, a comprehensive knowledge of these determinants can inform conservation strategies and ensure the long-term viability of Lauraceae populations in montane forests.
Characterization of mangrove composition and anthropogenic marine debris accumulation in mangrove ecosystems of Mactan Island, Philippines
Authors: CORTES SYLVESTER T. , RETUBADO ZERRY AYN Z. , COLITA LEA B. , CABALLERO JOED E. , LORCA ANNE S. , ROSALES RAAMAH C.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Cortes ST, Retubado ZAZ, Colita LB, Caballero JE, Lorca AS, Rosales RC. 2024. Characterization of mangrove composition and study of anthropogenic marine debris accumulation in Mactan Island, The Philippines mangrove ecosystems. Biodiversitas 25: 3521-3530. Mangrove forests are recognized for their economic and socio-ecological importance. However, their unique morphological structures lead them to become efficient traps of waste sourced from various anthropogenic activities. The continuous accumulation of these Anthropogenic Marine Debris (AMD) could cover the forest floors, resulting in the oppression of their pneumatophores and knee roots. In the long run, this phenomenon could lead to tree death. In this regard, the study assessed the mangrove forest composition and AMD occurrence in the highly urbanized Island of Mactan as a basis for planning its conservation. Fifteen (15) quadrats in each sampling station measuring 10×10 m were established in two sites, Punta Engaño (S1) and Catarman (S2). In two sampling sites, five quadrats were established in each zone (i.e., seaward, midward, and landward). The study recorded 17 mangrove species in two sampling sites, of which all 17 species are present in S1 and four in S2. Of the 17 species, 16 are valid mangrove species belonging to seven (7) families and ten (10) genera. The presence of Pemphis acidula J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. in S1 is a significant finding of the study, as it is categorized as one of the endangered species in the Philippines. This study also confirmed the occurrence of AMD in the forest floors of the mangrove areas. A total of 5192 debris items were identified, and they weighed 213.61 kgs for both sites, covering 3,000 m2 of the island. The majority of this debris is made of single-use plastics used for packaging. These findings underscore the urgent need for local government action focused on effective waste management policies and strategies, information education campaigns, and community extension projects for the long-term survival of the mangrove forests.
Diversity of rhizospheric fungi from Nanhaia speciosa and their capacity to degrade insoluble phosphate and organic manners
Authors: ONG PHONG XUAN , NGUYEN THIEP VAN , BUI LIEN THUY , NGUYET NGUYEN THI MINH , DO KHANG TAN , TRAN GIA HUY , CAO PHI BANG , CHU HA DUC , PHAM NGOC BICH , PHAN THACH VAN , LA HONG VIET
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Ong PX, Nguyen TV, Bui LT, Nguyet NTM, Do KT, Tran GH, Cao PB, Chu HD, Pham NB, Phan TV, La HV. 2024. Diversity of rhizospheric fungi from Nanhaia speciosa and their capacity to degrade insoluble phosphate and organic manners. Biodiversitas 25: 3585-3595. The rhizosphere is the microenvironment for interactions between plant roots and surrounding microbes. Rhizospheric fungi play a vital role in plant growth through various mechanisms. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the fungi from the soil around the root of Nanhaia speciosa (Champ. ex Benth.) J.Compton and Schrire and to test their ability to degrade insoluble phosphate, cellulose, and xylan. The result showed that a total 72 fungal species were isolated from the soil of the rhizosphere of N. speciosa. These isolates belonged to six genera, namely Penicillium, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Talaromyces, Purpureocillium, and Chaetomium. Results showed that 50% of the isolated strains belonged to the genus Penicillium. Moreover, it was also recorded that out of 10 fungal strains, only five fungal strains produced the phosphate decomposition enzyme (+), with the Tv-LHOP3 (Trichoderma virens LHOP3) and Tk-LHOP1 (Trichoderma koningiopsis LHOP1) strains expressed the highest phosphate solubility with the PSI of two strains were 2.22 and 2.18, respectively. All strains exhibited cellulose ability, Pj-LHOP2 (Penicillium janthinellum LHOP2) showed the highest degradation ability with a halo diameter of 7.52 cm, followed by strain Tk-LVHOP1 (Trichoderma koningiopsis LHOP1) with a diameter of 7.38 cm. The xylan degradation ability test demonstrated that the strain Tv-LHOP2 (Trichoderma virens LHOP2) had the highest halo diameter of 8.87 cm, followed by Tk-LHOP1 (Trichoderma koningiopsis LHOP1) had 8.80 cm and Tv-LHOP3 (Trichoderma virens LHOP3) had halo diameter of 8.63 cm. These findings suggest the potential of these fungal strains as biofertilizers to enhance nutrient availability and promote sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in improving the growth and yield of medicinal plants like Nanhaia speciosa.
Assessment of unmet dental care needs in the urban and rural older adults: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Lim Ji-Yeon , Lee Sang-Hee
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aims to provide essential data for developing dental health insurance policies by identifying changes in the rate of unmet dental care needs among older adults aged 65 to 70 years before and after implementing the policies. Methods: We used the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) from 2007 to 2022. We performed an interrupted time series analysis, with consideration of the intervention point (set in 2016), by dividing the participants into an experimental (urban older adults) and a control group (rural older adults). Results: The unmet dental care needs rate was 31.2% for urban and 34.3% for rural older adults. After the policy implementation, the trend of unmet dental care needs among urban older adults showed a decreasing tendency (-0.3%; 95% CI: -0.73 to 0.15, p=0.186), while it showed an increasing trend in rural areas (0.3%; 95% CI: -0.73 to 1.23, p=0.603). The difference in trends between the two groups after the policy implementation was -0.5% (95% CI: -1.62 to 0.54, p=0.308). Conclusions: Due to the lack of statistical significance, it is possible that external factors other than policy implementation influenced the results. Therefore, there is a need to continuously assess the impact of dental policies on unmet dental care needs.
Evaluation of interprofessional education (IPE) competency for oral health care based on integrated care for older adults in dental hygienists
Authors: Park Ji-Won , Jang Jong-Hwa
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the level of interprofessional education (IPE) and oral care competency of dental hygienists, analyze the correlation between IPE and oral care competency, and identify factors related to oral care competency. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted an online survey using a structured questionnaire among dental hygienists in dental hospitals or clinics for approximately 8 weeks from December 1, 2023 to January 31, 2024. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the IPE and oral care competency. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Results: IPE and oral care competency of dental hygienists in dental hospitals and clinics had a significant positive correlation, indicating that the higher the IPE of dental hygienists, the higher their oral care competency. Conclusions: IPE should be improved to increase oral care competency if training geriatric oral care professionals. It is necessary to develop and apply programs to improve IPE.
Factors affecting dental hygienists’ response abilities to emergency treatment related to systemic diseases
Authors: Kim Seon-Yeong
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to improve first aid knowledge, emergency response skills, and training activation in dental hygienists by providing data associated with emergency management in dental clinics. Methods: Data from 178 dental hygienists in Gwangju, Jeonnam, and Jeonbuk were collected through a survey conducted between June and August in 2024; survey responses were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Our results revealed significant differences in first-aid confidence and emergency response abilities based on age, experience, education level, first-aid training, emergency situation exposure, and CPR certification. A strong positive correlation was observed between first-aid confidence and emergency response abilities (r=0.783, p<0.001). Key factors influencing first-aid response for systemic diseases were first-aid confidence (β=0.651, p<0.001), less than 4 years of experience (β=0.201, p<0.001), and educational experience (β=0.165, p=0.002). This indicates that greater confidence, shorter clinical experience, and prior education enhance response capabilities. Conclusions: This study found that confidence and education significantly affected emergency response skills. Regular hands-on training, diverse educational programs, and standardized first-aid manuals are essential for improving the preparedness, attitudes, and competencies of dental hygienists.
Effects of positive psychological capital and growth mindset of students majoring in dental hygiene on career preparation behavior: the mediating effect of self-leadership
Authors: Cho Hye-Eun
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study analyzed the relevance and effectiveness of positive psychological capital, growth mindset, self-leadership, and career preparation behaviors in students majoring in dental hygiene. This study provided basic data for curriculum development to support career preparation behaviors. Methods: Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis between variables, and mediation regression analysis of self-leadership on the relationship with career preparation behaviors. Results: Positive psychological capital was high in females (3.69), and career preparation behavior was high in 21-yearolds (3.50), university students (3.31), 4th graders (3.39), and career education and experience students (3.28) (p<0.05). Positive psychological capital correlated with self-leadership (r=0.663) and career preparation behavior (r=0.434); a growth mindset correlated with self-leadership (r=0.356) and career preparation behavior (r=0.265); and there was a significant correlation between self-leadership and career preparation behavior (r=0.423) (p<0.001). Self-leadership partially mediated the relationship between positive psychological capital and career preparation behaviors (Z=5.443, p<0.001). Self-leadership completely mediated the relationship between growth mindset and career preparation behavior (Z=3.890, p<0.001). Conclusions: It is necessary to develop and implement the subject curriculum and extracurricular activities to support the career preparation behavior of students majoring in dental hygiene.
Beyond statistics: The theory, practice and purpose of casualty recording
Authors: Dales Hollie
Published: December 2024

This article argues that it is imperative to document all casualties of armed conflict and explores the casualty recording work of Iraq Body Count, Every Casualty and Action on Armed Violence. Casualty recording stands as an essential pillar of humanity amidst the chaos of war, dedicated to safeguarding international principles of human rights, to collecting data to enable the pursuit of perpetrators of war crimes, and to assessing the impact of war on civilians, through a human security approach. While realist perspectives may disregard the significance of casualty recording, human security reframes the discourse, reaffirming the intrinsic worth of every human life.
On the brink of power: An inquiry into emerging power through international political economy
Authors: Houghton Jack
Published: December 2024

This article examines the rise of emerging powers through the lens of international political economy (IPE). While scholarship focuses on established emerging powers such as China and India, a subset of underrepresented countries including Indonesia, Turkey, and South Africa warrant deeper analysis. Contextualizing their ascent through IPE processes highlights how these regional leaders-in-the-making transformed from developing to emergent status amid evolving global power dynamics. The research explores their roles within a Western-dominated order facing challenges to its liberal democratic foundations. By unpacking the implications of their non-liberal capitalist development paths, it provides a refreshed perspective on whether these newly influential states pose a threat to US hegemony or are simply manifestations of an increasingly multipolar world order.
As UNITAD is now over: Charting the path toward justice in Iraq
Authors: Travers Alannah
Published: December 2024

As the mandate of the United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da’esh/ISIL (UNITAD) ended on 17 September 2024, the future of justice for ISIL’s survivors in Iraq remains uncertain. This article provides an analysis of the legal, ethical, and practical challenges arising from UNITAD’s closure and flawed operation, with a focus on the fate of collected evidence, and the broader implications for transitional justice in Iraq. It also examines the issues of historic false allegations and wrongful convictions within Iraq’s justice system, arguing for reforms and continued international support to ensure that justice is delivered. By situating these discussions within the context of Iraq’s post-conflict recovery, the article underscores the international community’s ongoing responsibility to uphold justice and human rights in Iraq – and by working with Iraqi actors rather than imposing another Western framework. The article argues for the necessity of comprehensive legal reforms and a survivor-centered approach to justice.
Deep 3D-DIC using a coarse-to-fine network for robust and accurate 3D shape and displacement measurements
Authors: Liu Yanzhao , Qian Kemao , Pan Bing
Published: December 2024

Deep learning has become an attractive tool for addressing the limitations of traditional digital image correlation (DIC). However, extending learning-based DIC methods to three-dimensional (3D-DIC) measurements is challenging due to the limited displacement estimation range, which cannot handle the large displacements caused by stereo-matching disparities. Besides, most of the existing learning-based DIC architectures lack prior information to guide displacement estimation, resulting in insufficient accuracy. To solve these problems, we proposed a learning-based 3D-DIC (i.e., Deep 3D-DIC) using a coarse-to-fine network called G-RAFT for large and accurate image displacement estimation. Specifically, the large displacement estimation network GMA is adopted to calculate the large coarse displacement field, which is further warped on the deformed image to eliminate the main displacement component. The residual small deformation between the reference image and the warped image is further extracted using the recently proposed RAFT-DIC with high accuracy. By subtracting small displacement from large displacement, the refined displacement field is obtained. In contrast to standard subset-based 3D-DIC, Deep 3D-DIC achieves full-automatic pixel-wise 3D shape and displacement reconstruction without manual parameter input. Experimental results demonstrate that Deep 3D-DIC achieves accuracy comparable to subset-based 3D-DIC, with strong generalization ability and remarkable advantages in scenarios with complex surfaces.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE HIERARCHICAL GENETIC ALGORITHM TO ELLIPSOMETRIC SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: NGOIDITA Natebaye , Moungache Amir , Robert Stephane , Capraro Stephane
Published: December 2024

In spectroscopic ellipsometric characterization, different dispersion models are generally used to accurately determine the opto-geometric parameters of a Sample. However, all current methods use a single dispersion law. The appropriate dispersion law is chosen on the experience basis. This makes conventional methods less flexible and potentially leads to erroneous results.
In this paper, we develop an algorithm capable of characterizing the sample without a priori knowledge of a dispersion law describing the refractive indexes Hierarchical Genetic Algorithm (HGA) automatically selects the best law from a set of models on the basis of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the simulation with the chosen law and the measurement. The algorithm was applied on 2 silicon samples with a layer of silicon dioxide and a layer of resist. The HGA results are more robust than the conventional optimization method.
Quantifying Lifetime Uncertainty in Gated-ICCD Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Yuan Nanxue , Pandey Vikas , Verma Amit , Humphrey Taylor , Barroso Margarida , Intes Xavier , Michalet Xavier
Published: December 2024

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) is a versatile technique for quantifying molecular processes in biomedical applications. Wide-field FLI analyzes fluorescence temporal decays computationally, often using intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) cameras for both microscopic (FLIM) and macroscopic (MFLI) imaging. While uncertainty in lifetime parameter estimation has been extensively studied for photon-counting detectors, ICCDs pose unique challenges due to their nonlinear noise characteristics. Factors such as exposure time, mi- crochannel plate (MCP) gain, and illumination power significantly influence recorded fluorescence intensities. These variations complicate accurate photon count es- timation and, consequently, the determination of un- certainty in decay parameters. To address these chal- lenges, we propose a heuristic method for estimating un- certainties in ICCD-based fluorescence lifetimes. This method directly correlates uncertainty with recorded intensity and camera settings. It replaces the conven- tional shot-noise-limited uncertainty model used for photon-counting detectors with a modified expression, supported by a lookup table (LUT) that accounts for spe- cific experimental setups and camera configurations. We validated this approach through extensive studies with phantoms and demonstrated its in vivo application by imaging HER2+ breast tumor xenografts in nude mice. The imaging utilized Trastuzumab labeled with Alexa Fluor 700 and IRDye 800 2DG, highlighting the method’s reliability and effectiveness in preclinical biomedical imaging scenarios.
I Will Survive? – Entscheidungen für Digitale Innovationen in Kleinen und Mittleren Unternehmen in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Marzok Matthias , Bohlen Lasse , Willnat Mathias , Lichtenberg Sascha , Brendel Alfred Benedikt , Strahringer Susanne , Kolbe Lutz M.
Published: December 2024

Die COVID-19-Pandemie und die auferlegten Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Infektionen bedrohten mehrere Geschäftsmodelle von kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU). Branchen mit einem hohen Maß an direktem Klientelkontakt hatten die Herausforderung ihre Geschäftspraktiken grundlegend zu überdenken. Viele Unternehmen hatten Schwierigkeiten sich anzupassen, und nicht wenige gerieten in eine existenzielle Krise. In einigen Fällen wurde versucht die entstandenen Herausforderungen durch die Integration digitaler Innovationen (DI) zu bewältigen. Die Identifizierung und Implementierung von DI, die ein Geschäftsmodell unterstützen, kann für KMU überlebenswichtig sein. Hierbei die ohnehin knappen Ressourcen nicht zu überfordern, kann zu einer weiteren Herausforderung werden. In diesem Kontext adressiert diese Studie, wie die Pandemie sich auf die Identifizierung, Auswahl und Einführung DI ausgewirkt hat. 27 halbstrukturierte Interviews mit KMU-Führungskräften aus verschiedenen Branchen wurden gemäß dem Innovationsentscheidungsprozess ausgewertet und strukturiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, wesentliche Maßnahmen im Innovationprozess bei der Einführung verschiedener DI in KMU. Ergänzt wird dies von Handlungsempfehlungen für den Prozess zur Einführung von DI in KMU. Insgesamt trägt diese Studie zur bestehenden Literatur über die Einführung DI in KMU bei, indem sie eine Perspektive des Wandels unter plötzlich einsetzendem und großem externem Druck veranschaulicht.
The Burr distribution as a model for the delay between key events in an individual’s infection history
Authors: Jamieson Nyall , Charalambous Christiana , Schultz David M. , Hall Ian
Published: December 2024

Understanding the temporal relationship between key events in an individual’s infection history is crucial for disease control. Delay data between events, such as infection and symptom onset times, is doubly censored because the exact time at which these key events occur is generally unknown. Current mathematical models for delay distributions are derived from heuristic justifications. Here, we derive a new model for delay distributions, specifically for incubation periods, motivated by bacterial-growth dynamics that lead to the Burr family of distributions being a valid modelling choice. We also incorporate methods within these models to account for the doubly censored data. Our approach provides biological justification in the derivation of our delay distribution model, the results of fitting to data highlighting the superiority of the Burr model compared to currently used models when the mode of the distribution is clearly defined or when the distribution tapers off. Under these conditions, our results indicate that the derived Burr distribution is a better-performing model for incubation-period data than currently used methods, with the derived Burr distribution being 13 times more likely to be a better-performing model than the gamma distribution for Legionnaires’ disease based on data from a known outbreak.
The internal and external factors influencing talent development of athletic talent among Saudi Arabia’s twice exceptional elite athletes: A comprehensive study
Authors: Alarfaj Abdulhamid A. , Hassan Marwa M. , Aljohar Refah M. , Almuaili Fahad A. , Hassan Mohamed D.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the internal and environmental factors contributing to talent development among twice-exceptional elite athletes. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with athletes diagnosed with a disability who achieved notable sports accomplishments at local, regional, or international levels. The sample included 21 athletes aged 18–56 years. Analysis revealed ten key factors that shaped the personalities of elite athletes, fostering exceptional performance. These factors were categorized into five internal components and five environmental motivations. Additionally, the study identified optimal timing for leveraging motivational factors to sustain talent development. The findings were discussed in relation to the Mega Model hypotheses, highlighting the alignment of these factors with success indicators among twice-exceptional athletes.
Qualitative evaluation of survey questions to assess treatment preference for daily oral or long‑acting injectable antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV
Authors: Garris Cindy , Kolobova Irina , Chounta Vasiliki , Díaz De Santiago Alberto , Dretler Robin , Singh Tulika , Sinclair Gary
Published: December 2024

Treatment of HIV has historically required taking daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART). A recent alternative to daily oral ART is long-acting injectable ART with cabotegravir plus rilpivirine, administered monthly or every 2 months. The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate the concept relevance and interpretability of five previously developed questions: one treatment preference question and four questions designed to assess how the emotional burden associated with HIV treatment impacts treatment preferences. Thirty adults in the United States currently receiving HIV treatment were enrolled in a cross-sectional study involving one-on-one concept confirmation and cognitive debriefing interviews. Concept confirmation interviews included topics, questions, and probes designed to elicit information about the emotional burden of HIV and current perceptions of a participant’s treatment regimen. Cognitive debriefing assessed the relevance and clarity of instructions, questions, response options, and recall periods. Transcripts were analyzed with MAXQDA. Mean age of participants was 49 years (range: 29–68), with 60% being male and 40% female. Racial demographics included Blacks (40%), Whites (40%), and other (20%). During concept confirmation, participants endorsed concepts relevant to HIV treatment preference: fear of disclosure of HIV status (47%), forgetting to take daily oral medication (40%), and current treatment regimen as a bothersome daily reminder of HIV status (40%). During cognitive debriefing, participants interpreted the instructions, question, response options, and recall periods as intended for the treatment preference question. Additionally, participants confirmed that the preference question’s response options were appropriate and relevant to the experiences of people living with HIV. Participants also consistently interpreted the questions related to fear of disclosure of HIV status, anxiety associated with forgetting to take HIV medication, and HIV medication being an uncomfortable reminder of HIV status; however, participants provided variable responses to the question designed to assess treatment ease of use. These results support the concept relevance and interpretability of the single treatment preference question and three of the four emotional well-being questions among adults living with HIV.
Transcriptomic resources for Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), a widespread invasive pest of Brassicales
Authors: Sparks Michael E. , Nelson David R. , Harrison Robert L. , Larson Nicholas R. , Kuhar Daniel , Haber Ariela I. , Heraghty Sam D. , Rebholz Zarley , Tholl Dorothea , Grettenberger Ian M. , Weber Donald C. , Gundersen-Rindal Dawn E.
Published: December 2024

The bagrada bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), is an emerging agricultural pest in the Americas, threatening agricultural production in the southwestern United States, Mexico and Chile, as well as in the Old World (including Africa, South Asia and, more recently, Mediterranean areas of Europe). Substantive transcriptomic sequence resources for this damaging species would be beneficial towards understanding its capacity for developing insecticide resistance, identifying viruses that may be present throughout its population and identifying genes differentially expressed across life stages that could be exploited for biomolecular pesticide formulations. This study establishes B. hilaris transcriptomic resources for eggs, 2nd and 4th larval instars, as well as male and female adults. Three gene families involved in xenobiotic detoxification—glutathione S-transferases, carboxylesterases and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases—were phylogenetically characterized. These data were also qualitatively compared with previously published results for two closely related pentatomid species—the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), and the harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn)—to elucidate shared enzymatic components of terpene-based sex pheromone biosynthetic pathways. Lastly, the sequence data were screened for potential RNAi- and virus-related content and for genes implicated in insect growth and development.
Mirvetuximab Soravtansine in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rehim Shamsnur , Yuan Shuang , Wang Hongjing
Published: December 2024

Background

Mirvetuximab Soravtansine (MIRV) is a promising antibody‒drug conjugate (ADC) that targets folate receptor alpha (FRα), which is overexpressed in several types of solid tumors. In November 2022, MIRV was approved in the USA for the treatment of adult patients with FRα-positive, platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who received 1–3 prior systemic treatment regimens. Therefore, high-quality evidence for its efficacy and safety in different cancers is urgently needed.

Methods

A systematic search (e.g., PubMed, Embase, Web Of Science, Cochrane Library) was conducted to identify all relevant clinical trials of MIRV alone or in combination with chemo- and/or target-therapies in solid tumors. The primary end-point was median progression-free survival (mPFS). The secondary endpoints were the Objective response rate (ORR) and adverse effects (AEs). A random-effects model was applied.

Results

The study included nine research studies with a total of 682 patients. The pooled mPFS and pooled ORR were 6.70 months (95% CI 4.54–8.86, I2 = 96.21%) and 36% (95% CI: 28% to 44%, I2 = 76.79%), respectively. Significant differences were observed among intervention regimens and response to platinum. The pooled mPFS of MIRV monotherapy and MIRV+ Bevacizumab (BEV) combined therapy was 4.28 (95% CI 3.90–4.65, I2 = 0.00%) and 7.78 (95% CI 6.62–8.95, I2 = 0.00%), respectively. The pooled ORRs of MIRV monotherapy and MIRV+BEV combined therapy were 25% (95% CI 21%–29%, I2 = 25.20%) and 43% (95% CI 36%–50%, I2 = 0.01%), respectively. The pooled ORRs of the platinum-sensitive, platinum-resistant groups were 59% (95% CI 36%–81%, I2 = 61.88%), 33% (95% CI 25%–40%, I2 = 69.73%), respectively. In addition, we conducted supplementary subgroup analyses to explore the influence of FRα receptor expression levels and the number of prior treatments on treatment outcomes. The most common adverse effects were blurred vision (45.20%), nausea (40.13%), diarrhea (39.52%), fatigue (33.84%) and keratopathy (31.20%).

Conclusions

MIRV has significant therapeutic effects in solid tumors, especially when combined with BEV. In platinum-tolerant tumors, the efficacy of MIRV is also considerable. Overall, MIRV is relatively safe in solid tumors, and adverse reactions are relatively rare and mild.
Gendered dimension of chronic pain patients with low and middle income: A text mining analysis
Authors: Peiró Ana M. , Carracedo Patricia , Agulló Laura , Bernardes Sónia F.
Published: December 2024

Inferences about gender differences and socioeconomic status in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain (CNCP) management may shape health care. This can be a particularly relevant issue for women, who continue to more often assume reproductive gender roles. The objective of this study was to explore the gendered impact of CNCP on low-and middle-income women and men through text mining analysis.

Methods

This is a mixed-method study using individual interviews (duration between 40–60 minutes) of 181 CNCP patients (71% females) in a tertiary Pain Care Unit, and applying the text mining methodology. Incomes (low or middle) and gender roles (productive vs. reproductive)”.

Results

Gender differences were identified in the words used to describe pain impact in working and social life, domestic responsibilities, and family relationships. Albeit having similar CNCP severity and interference, women were on average 8 years older, compared to men, with longer referral time from Primary Care, less retired but more homemakers, showing a greater impact on their mental health. The most discriminating word explaining pain impact for CNCP women was “husband”, for men was “work”, especially among middle income groups. The way men, with a productive gender role, talked about the impact of CNCP in their lives stressed the word “work”. In contrast, men with reproductive roles stressed the words “chores, family or limited” as women with low-income did. Only low-income men used the word “help”. The text mining analysis indicates a discrepant distribution of men and women into traditional gender social roles that are consistent with stereotypical traits and may have an impact on pain care. There is a need of an intersectional perspective as part of pain assessment, to develop novel self-management interventions for men and women.
A method for comparing MRI sequences of the knee for segmentation based on morphological features
Authors: Jung Yunsub , Simonsen Morten Bilde , Andersen Michael Skipper
Published: December 2024

Background

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation research, the choice of sequence influences the segmentation accuracy. This study introduces a method to compare sequences. By aligning sequences with specific segmentation objectives, we provide an example of a comparative analysis of various sequences for knee images.

Methods

Based on the profile information of virtual rays, we devised metrics to compute the edge sharpness and contrast. Edge analysis was performed in five edges (EBB: between cancellous and cortical bone, EBC: between cortical bone and cartilage, ECF: between cartilage and fat, ECM: between cartilage and meniscus, EBT: between cortical bone and tissue). Subsequently, profiles were extracted from the virtual ray that traversed the defined edge. Finally, edge characteristics were compared in each sequence using the computed metrics.

Results

In the case of sharpness, T1-weighted (T1) showed the highest at EBB, ECF, and EBT (all, p < .05). The fat-suppressed 3D spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) was the highest at EBC, and proton density fat-saturated (PDFS) was the highest at ECM (all, p < .005). Depending on each sequence, the knee structures showed different edge characteristics. Also, it was confirmed that the edge properties of the structure depend on the adjacent materials.

Conclusions

The ultimate goal of this study is to present a methodology for selecting the most appropriate MRI sequence for segmentation, which can be applied to images of other parts in addition to the knee images used in the study. The method we present quantitatively evaluates the edge characteristics, and experimental results show that our method shows consistent results according to the edge. Our method will provide additional information for MRI sequence selection for segmentation.
CAECENET: An automatic system processing photometer and ceilometer data from different networks to provide columnar and vertically-resolved aerosol properties
Authors: Herrero del Barrio Celia , Román Roberto , González Ramiro , Cazorla Alberto , Herreras-Giralda Marcos , Antuña-Sánchez Juan Carlos , Molero Francisco , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Serrano Antonio , Obregón María Ángeles , Sola Yolanda , Pandolfi Marco , Herrero-Anta Sara , González-Fernández Daniel , Muñiz-Rosado Jorge , Mateos David , Calle Abel , Toledano Carlos , Cachorro Victoria E. , de Frutos Ángel M.
Published: December 2024

This work introduces CAECENET, a new system capable of automatically retrieving columnar and vertically-resolved aerosol properties running the GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties) algorithm using sun-sky photometer (aerosol optical depth, AOD; and sky radiance measurements) and ceilometer (range corrected signal; RCS) data as input. This method, so called GRASPpac, is implemented in CAECENET, which assimilates sun-sky photometers data from CÆLIS database and ceilometer data from ICENET database (Iberian Ceilometer Network). CAECENET allows for continuous and near-real-time monitoring of both vertical and columnar aerosol properties. The main characteristics and workflow of CAECENET are explained in detail. This work also explores the potential of CAECENET to monitor and analyze the evolution of transported aerosol events on a regional scale by means of the distribution of CAECENET stations across the Iberian Peninsula. As an example, this paper analyzes, using the CAECENET products, the case of a Saharan dust outbreak that occurred between the 3rd and 5th of October 2022. This was an intense event, with AOD at 440 nm values around 0.5 in Madrid and Valladolid, and reaching 1.55 in Granada. Transport from the Canadian wildfires at the end of June 2023 is also studied. Despite the long-range transport of the smoke particles in this event, measured volume concentrations reached and surpassed 80 μm3/cm3 in some stations. The results obtained point to the utility of this CAECENET tool for analyzing changes in the height and speed of the event propagation, in the aerosol concentration, and how this affects the optical properties.
Identifying technologies in circular economy paradigm through text mining on scientific literature
Authors: Giordano Vito , Castagnoli Alessio , Pecorini Isabella , Chiarello Filippo
Published: December 2024

Technological innovation serves as the catalyst for the shift towards circular practices. Technologies not only address technical challenges, facilitating the transition to a more circular economy, but they also enhance business efficiency and profitability. Furthermore, they promote inclusivity and create job opportunities, ultimately yielding positive societal impacts. The research in this area tends to focus on digital technologies, neglecting other technological areas. Moreover, it heavily relies on literature reviews and expert opinions, potentially introducing biases. In this article we investigate the technological landscape of the circular economy through Natural Language Processing (NLP), examining key technologies used in this sector and the primary challenges in managing these technologies. The methodology is applied to more than 45,000 scientific publications and aims to extract technologies in the text of scientific articles with NLP. The findings of our analysis reveal a strong emphasis on emerging digital, life cycle assessment and biomaterials technologies. Furthermore, we identified seven distinct technological domains within the CE field. Finally, we provide advantages and problems arising in the adoption and implementation of these technologies in an industrial context.
High volume-rate echocardiography for simultaneous imaging of electromechanical activation and cardiac strain of the whole heart in a single heartbeat in humans
Authors: Grondin Julien , Schleifer Hannah J. , Weber Rachel , Lee Changhee , Tourni Melina , Konofagou Elisa E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Imaging both electrical and mechanical cardiac function can better characterize cardiac disease and improve patient care. Currently, there is no noninvasive technique that can simultaneously image both electrical and mechanical function of the whole heart at the point of care. Here, our aim is to demonstrate that high volume-rate echocardiography can simultaneously map cardiac electromechanical activation and end-systolic cardiac strain of the whole heart in a single heartbeat.

Method

A 32x32 ultrasound matrix array connected to four synchronized ultrasound scanners were used for transthoracic high volume-rate imaging (840 volumes/s) in sixteen young volunteers (28.1±4.2 y.o.). An electromechanical activation map of the whole heart and volumetric end-systolic atrial and ventricular strain images were obtained.

Results

The whole heart activation sequence was found to be consistent across volunteers and in agreement with previously reported normal electrical activation sequences. The mean electromechanical activation time was 72.6±15.2 ms in the atria, 132.4±19.7 ms in the ventricles and 154.5±19.6 ms in the whole heart. Volumetric right and left atrial as well as right and left ventricular strains were also consistent across all volunteers, with a mean end-systolic global longitudinal strain of 26.8±6.5% in the atria and -16.6±3.4% in the ventricles.

Conclusions

This initial feasibility study demonstrates that noninvasive high-volume rate imaging of the heart in a single heartbeat is feasible and can provide electromechanical activation and systolic strains simultaneously in all four cardiac chambers. This technique can be further developed and used at the point of care to assist for screening, diagnosis, therapy guidance and follow-up of heart disease patients.
The interaction between sleep patterns and oxidative balance scores on the risk of cognitive function decline: Results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2011–2014
Authors: Lou Taiwei , Zhao Zhiru , Du Hongjin , Zhang Jiwei , Ni Tian , Wang Miaoran , Li Qiuyan
Published: December 2024

Background

Unhealthy sleep and exposures to oxidative factors are both associated with poor cognitive performance (PCP), but limited evidence has been found regarding the relationship between sleep patterns and oxidative factor exposures independently or jointly with the risk of PCP.

Methods

We analyzed data from 2249 adults aged ≥60 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2011–2014). Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data on sleep duration and sleep disorder, categorizing sleep duration into three groups based on responses: short (6 hours or less per night), normal (7–8 hours per night), or long (9 hours or more per night). Sleep disorder were categorized into two groups: sleep disorder, non-sleep disorder. Oxidative balance score (OBS) was calculated based on 20 oxidative stress exposures related to diet and lifestyle factors, with higher scores indicating greater antioxidant exposures. Survey-based multivariable adjusted regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between sleep patterns or OBS alone and in combination with overall and PCP risks.

Results

Compared to the normal sleep duration group, the long sleep duration group had a higher risk of PCP (DSST<34) (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.05–3.48, P = 0.021); while OBS was negatively correlated with the risk of PCP (DSST<34) [Q4 vs Q1 (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.29–0.92, P = 0.004)]. There was an interaction effect between sleep patterns (sleep duration, sleep disturbances) and OBS on PCP (DSST<34) (P = 0.002). Further stratified analysis showed that in individuals with normal sleep duration, long sleep duration, or no sleep disturbances, antioxidant exposures, compared to pro-oxidant exposures, reduced the risk of low cognitive function occurrence.

Conclusions

In older populations, unhealthy sleep patterns (especially excessive sleep duration) and low OBS alone or in combination increase the risk of cognitive decline. Healthy sleep and lifestyle habits rich in antioxidant factors are crucial for protecting cognitive function in older adults.
Values associated with Nordic Walking: An international cross-sectional survey among individuals practicing walking with poles
Authors: Szymczak Wioletta , Jurek Krzysztof , Dobrogowska Monika
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The article is devoted to the sociological exploration of the social phenomenon that Nordic Walking has become in Europe and worldwide over the recent decades.

Aim

It is based on the results of original international sociological research study on the issue of sociodemographic profiles of Nordic Walkers in the context of the values associated with this sports activity.

Methods

A cross-sectional quantitative study with convenience sampling study was performed among 416 Poles, 132 Europeans from 11 countries (Germany, the UK, Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, Ireland, Denmark, Austria, Sweden, and Norway), and 212 participants from 5 non-European countries (the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan). The study used an author’s tool that included questions concerning the ways of doing Nordic Walking and its and social and organizational contexts, its classification and interpretation as a health-related, recreational, or sports activity, its position in the space of everyday life and in the sphere of preferred values, motives for walking with poles, meanings attributed to this activity, and the individual and social benefits associated with it.

Results

The values most often associated with practicing Nordic Walking belong to the personal and psychophysical spheres. Their dominant position suggests that this activity is a complex one and that its advantages are not restricted to its motor aspects or to contact with nature. It is not a simple activity of walking with poles, as the initial stereotypes seem to suggest, but a kind of movement with a defined framework and a set of principles, engaging the physical and personal spheres of those who practice it, having a cultural meaning, and marked by cultural rootedness.

Conclusion

The research results can be useful for health care experts and for those responsible for building prevention strategies in various social groups. This is because they draw attention to the category of accessible and at the same time effective activities, with high individual and social potential. At the same time, they show that an important element of promotion strategies and social campaigns aimed at popularizing sport and healthy lifestyle should be axiological categories as significant predictors of individuals’ actions and decisions.