bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensive care at the end of life in patients dying due to non-cancer chronic diseases versus cancer: a nationwide study in Denmark
Authors: Lyngaa Thomas , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Nielsen Henrik , Neergaard Mette Asbjørn , Jensen Anders Bonde , Laut Kristina Grønborg , Johnsen Søren Paaske
Published: November 2015

Introduction

It is unknown to what extent use of palliative care and focus on proactive planning of end-of-life (EOL) care among cancer patients is also reflected by less use of intensive care. We aimed to examine the use of intensive care in the EOL in patients dying as a result of non-cancer diseases compared with patients dying due to cancer.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide follow-up study among 240,757 adults dying as a result of either non-cancer chronic disease or cancer in Denmark between 2005 and 2011. Using the Danish Intensive Care Database, we identified all admissions and treatments in intensive care units (ICU) during the patients’ last 6 months before death. We used prevalence ratios (aPRs) adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, marital status and residential region to compare the 6-month prevalence of ICU admissions as well as treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), renal replacement therapy (RRT) and inotropes and/or vasopressors. In addition, length of ICU stay and death during ICU admission were compared among non-cancer and cancer patients dying between 2009 and 2011.

Results

Overall 12.3 % of non-cancer patients were admitted to an ICU within their last 6 months of life, compared with 8.7 % of cancer patients. The overall aPR for ICU admission was 2.11 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.98–2.24] for non-cancer patients compared with cancer patients and varied widely within the non-cancer patients (patients with dementia, aPR 0.19, 95 % CI 0.17–0.21; patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, aPR 3.19, 95 % CI 2.97–3.41). The overall aPRs for treatment among non-cancer patients compared with cancer patients were 1.40 (95 % CI 1.35–1.46) for MV, 1.62 (95 % CI 1.50–1.76) for NIV, 1.19 (95 % CI 1.07–1.31) for RRT and 1.05 (95 % CI 0.87–1.28) for inotropes and/or vasopressors. No difference in admission length was observed. Non-cancer patients had an increased risk of dying in an ICU (aPR 1.23, 95 % CI 0.99–1.54) compared with cancer patients.

Conclusions

Overall, patients dying as a result of non-cancer diseases were twice as likely to be admitted to ICUs at the EOL as patients dying due to cancer. Further studies are warranted to explore whether this difference in use of intensive care reflects an unmet need of palliative care, poor communication about the EOL or lack of prognostic tools for terminally ill non-cancer patients.
Complete genome sequence of bacteriophage P26218 infecting Rhodoferax sp. strain IMCC26218
Authors: Moon Kira , Kang Ilnam , Kim Suhyun , Cho Jang-Cheon , Kim Sang-Jong
Published: November 2015

Bacteriophage P26218 is a virus that thrives in freshwater and infects Rhodoferax sp. strain IMCC26218, both of which were isolated from Soyang Lake, Korea. The bacterial host, IMCC26218, belongs to the genus Rhodoferax and is closely related to R. saidenbachensis, with 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Bacteriophage P26218 has an icosahedral head structure with a diameter of ~52 nm and short tail of ~9 nm, which is a typical morphology of the Podoviridae family. Its complete dsDNA genome was 36,315 bp with 56.7 % G + C content. This is the first genome sequence reported for a lytic phage of the genus Rhodoferax.
The Multilingual Local in World Literature
Authors: Orsini Francesca
Published: November 2015

This essay questions the geographical categories used to underpin current theoretical and methodological approaches to “world literature,” which end up making nine-tenths of the world, and of literature produced in the world, drop off the world map or appear “peripheral.” Focusing on the multilingual north Indian region of Awadh in the early modern period, it argues that an approach to literature and space that takes multilingualism within society and literary culture as a structuring and generative principle and holds both local and cosmopolitan perspectives in view is more productive for world literature than approaches based only on cosmopolitan perspectives of circulation and recognition.
Return of the Cenci: Theaters of Trauma in Shelley and Artaud
Authors: Forbes Aileen
Published: November 2015

In their disparate dramatizations of the legend of the sixteenth-century Cenci family, Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and avant-garde dramatist Antonin Artaud simulate the transmission of a trauma. With reference to trauma theorists Ruth Leys and Cathy Caruth, among others, this essay traces the structures of trauma across Shelley's and Artaud's Cenci plays, showing that, like a trauma, what resists representation in Shelley's nineteenth-century drama recurs embodied on Artaud's twentieth-century stage. In so doing, the essay illuminates less a straightforward shift than a complex interplay between diegesis and mimesis at the heart of the plays. Shelley and Artaud might then be seen to co-opt the trauma scenario as an epistemological paradigm whereby their theaters assume revolutionary potential.
Determination of appropriate grid dimension and sampling plot size for assessment of woody species diversity in Zagros Forest, Iran
Authors: ZOHREVANDI ALI ASGHAR , POURBABAEI HASSAN , AKHAVAN REZA , BONYAD AMIR ESLAM
Published: November 2015

Zohrevandi AA, Pourbabaei H, Akhavan R, Bonyad AE. 2015. Determination of appropriate grid dimension and sampling plotsize for assessment of woody species diversity in Zagros Forest, Iran. Biodiversitas 17: 24-30. This research was conducted to determinethe most suitable grid (dimension for sampling) and sampling plot size for assessment of woody species diversity in protected Zagros forests, west of Iran. Sampling was carried out using circular sample plots with areas of 1000 m2, 1500 m2 and 2000 m for 9 grid sizes in 200 ha forest area. Importance-value curve which fitted by a Lognormal Distribution Model was plotted using Species Importance Value Index (SVI). After determining the diversity indices such as Hills (N0, N1, N2) andÂ Alataloâ€™s evenness (E5) in each plot and assigning each sampling time, E%2x T criterion was calculated in order to compare the methods. Results of hundred percent inventory and sampling in forests showed that the accuracy of sampling in 1000m2 plot size is higher than 2000m2 ones. According to the Importance-value curve, accuracy and E%2x T criterion, the 150 m x 400 m grid size and sampling plot size with an area of 1000 m2 was proposed as the most appropriate one to estimate woody species diversity in Iranian Zagros Forests.
Validation of Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flow through Hypersonic Air-breathing Engine
Authors: Murugan Thangadurai , De Sudipta , Thiagarajan V.
Published: November 2015

The flow path of a conceptual hypersonic air-breathing scramjet engine integrated with the vehicle (without combustion) has been simulated numerically using ANSYS CFX software with the SST turbulence model. The computations were performed for the free stream Mach number of 6 and angle-of-attack of 5°. A strong separation bubble was observed on the bodyside wall in the internal compression region where the reflected cowl shock impinges on body which in turn increases the static pressure substantially. The external-internal flow field of the hypersonic mixed compression intake, shock-boundary layer interactions, and the shock-shock interactions present in the internal compression region have qualitatively been obtained and analysed. The variation of centreline pressure along the bodyside wall close to the symmetry plane obtained from numerical simulation centreline has been compared with the experimentally measured data. It has been observed that the computed wall pressure matches fairly well with the measured values in the external ramp compression region, internal compression region and in the combustion chamber. The flow patterns and the pressure variations near the middle wall and the fuel injecting strut locations have also been analysed.

Defence Science Journal, Vol. 65, No. 4, July 2015, pp. 272-278, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.6979
Impact Sensitivity of RDX and Viton Compositions Prepared by Co-precipitation Method
Authors: Wagh P. B. , Ingale S. V. , Kumar Ratanesh , Naina R.H. , Kaushik T. C. , Gupta Satish C.
Published: November 2015

Desensitisation of explosive materials using polymers is an important area in safe utilisation of explosives in various applications. The RDX/viton composition has been developed using co-precipitation method with varying content of viton, ranging from 5 to 35 wt per cent. RDX and viton were dissolved in acetone which is a common solvent for RDX and viton, and then the acetone was extracted from the solution by distillation resulting in homogeneous RDX/viton composition. Infrared spectroscopy studies indicated presence of RDX and viton in the resulting compositions. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis studies made on yielded compositions confirmed that RDX is present in the composition in desired content. The shift in exotherm of RDX/viton composition as compared to RDX showed that polymer-bonded RDX compositions are more stable. The impact sensitivity studies showed that sensitivity of RDX/viton composition decreased with increasing content of viton. The similar trend was observed for friction sensitivity. The co-precipitation method has been found to be advantages to obtain homogeneous composition of RDX and viton (with viton content up to 25 wt per cent) as revealed by linear trend in sensitivity data measurements. It has been demonstrated that the sensitivity of RDX can be tailored within a wide range using viton so as to suit in desired applications.

Defence Science Journal, Vol. 65, No. 4, July 2015, pp. 287-291, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.8647
Fusion of Redundant Aided-inertial Sensors with Decentralised Kalman Filter for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation
Authors: Awale Vaibhav , Hablani Hari B.
Published: November 2015

Most submarines carry more than one set of inertial navigation system (INS) for redundancy and reliability. Apart from INS systems, the submarine carries other sensors that provide different navigation information. A major challenge is to combine these sensors and INS estimates in an optimal and robust manner for navigation. This issue has been addressed by Farrell1. The same approach is used in this paper to combine different sensor measurements along with INS system. However, since more than one INS system is available onboard, it would be better to use multiple INS systems at the same time to obtain a better estimate of states and to provide autonomy in the event of failure of one INS system. This would require us to combine the estimates obtained from local filters (one set of INS system integrated with external sensors), in some optimal way to provide a global estimate. Individual sensor and IMU measurements cannot be accessed in this scenario. Also, autonomous operation requires no sharing of information among local filters. Hence a decentralised Kalman filter approach is considered for combining the estimates of local filters to give a global estimate. This estimate would not be optimal, however. A better optimal estimate can be obtained by accessing individual measurements and augmenting the state vector in Kalman filter, but in that case, corruption of one INS system will lead to failure of the whole filter. Hence to ensure satisfactory performance of the filter even in the event of failure of some INS system, a decentralised Kalman filtering approach is considered.
Multicultural education in Turkey: An analysis of 1st-5th grades curriculum objectives
Authors: Seban Demet , Uyanık Hatice
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study is to evaluate 1st-5th grades curriculum objectives with regards to multicultural education principles in Turkey. To achieve this goal, document analysis of qualitative method was used. The curriculum standards of compulsory courses were examined by using Castagno's (2009) framework that offers six approaches for multicultural education. According to the results of this study, the total number of 2.44% objectives has been found related to multicultural education principles. There are not any objectives related with education for assimilation and education for social action approaches. When the number of objectives has been examined, it has been found that these programs answer education for amalgamation (0.51%), pluralism (0.93%), cross-cultural competence (0.89%), and critical awareness (0.67%) approaches. Overall, the programs do not include any objectives for education, for assimilation and social action; however, the curriculum did not appear to be designed to reflect the key principles of multicultural education.
A special dish from traditional Turkish Cuisine: Stuffed lamb ribs
Authors: Memis Kocaman Emel , Sanlier Nevin
Published: November 2015

Turkish people, who have a long historical background, have a rich culture in terms of cuisine. “Dolma” (meal made by stuffing/wrapping) is one of the most important dishes of the Turkish Cuisine. Turks produced very different types of meals made by stuffing or wrapping and by combining herbals, meat and offals products. Stuffed Lamb Ribs (in Turkish; Kaburga Dolması or Sura) is a special dish that is known in many regions of Turkey. Since it is a dish whose preparation is hard and requires virtuosity, it is generally cooked as a feast meal on religious holidays, and commonly cooked on the Feast of Sacrifice for Muslims. This study aims to present how “Stuffed Lamb Ribs” are prepared, which is one of the traditional dishes of Turkish Cuisine and is one stuffed dish that has started to become forgotten. In this study, the data was collected by personal interviews with source people who are over 60 years old, live in different provinces of Turkey, and traditionally cook this dish. This study ensures the promotion of a very special taste, which has begun to be forgotten and is not known widely even in Turkey, at an international level.
Production, consumption and text in music industry: The problem of copyright
Müzik endüstrisinde üretim, tüketim ve metin: Telif sorunsalı
Authors: Darcan Tolga , Ergun Levent
Published: November 2015

This article investigates the relevance of the concept of copyright, which took its modern form in the last century, to the present conditions specific to music in the light of technological and cultural changes. Firstly, it provides a basic definition of copyright along with examples related to its implementation. Then, it dwells on production, distribution and consumption dimensions of music, addressing their differences between 20th and 21st centuries. The main cause of these differences is that there have been radical changes in technology and that reflections of these changes on cultural field have created a completely new paradigm. One of the characteristics of this new paradigm is that unprecedented creativity techniques and ideas are emerged in conjunction with the continuing intertwinement of the consumption and production dimensions of music. The article tries to express all these issues in relation to the need of alteration of the copyright concept, and discusses new alternatives to copyright, especially the most prominent one being Creative Commons. Pointing out the potential developments, it emphasizes the need of reformulation of the laws and regulations related to copyright.

 

Özet

Bu makale, bugünkü biçimini geçtiğimiz yüzyılda almış olan telif hakları konseptinin müzik özelinde günümüz koşullarına uygunluğunu, teknolojik ve kültürel değişimler ışığında incelemeye çalışır. Bu bağlamda, ilk olarak bu konseptin kısa bir tanımına ve uygulanmasına ilişkin örneklere yer verir; ardından ise müziğin üretim, dağıtım ve tüketim boyutları üzerinde durarak 20. yüzyıl ile 21. yüzyıl arasındaki farklara değinir. Bu farkların temel sebebi, teknolojide görülen değişimler ile bu değişimlerin kültürel alana yansımasının tamamen yeni bir durum meydana getirmiş olmasıdır. Bu yeni durumun niteliklerinden biri de, müziğin tüketim ve üretim boyutlarının her geçen gün daha fazla iç içe geçmesiyle birlikte, daha önce görülmemiş yeni yaratıcılık alanlarının ortaya çıkışıdır. Makale bütün bunları, müzikte telif hakları konseptinin gözden geçirilme ihtiyacı ile ilişkili bir şekilde aktarmaya çalışır. Telif hakları alanında geliştirilen yeni alternatifler ve bu alternatifler arasında en çok öne çıkanlardan biri olan Creative Commons üzerinde durur. Gelecekteki olası durumlara da işaret etmeye çalışarak telif haklarına ilişkin yasaların yeniden düzenlenme gereksinimine vurgu yapar.
Resistance Characteristics of Coal Slime in Pipe Flow at High Pressure
Authors: Gao Jie , Hao Xuedi , Wang Liang , Wang Peng
Published: November 2015

Pipeline transportation is the best way to send the coal slime to circulating fluid bed boilers. The pressure loss of coal slime in pipeline transportation should be calculated accurately which has close relationship with the system design. In this paper, the influencing factors of coal slime pressure loss in pipe flow at high pressure were investigated at a designed test facility. The experimental results show that pressure loss is directly proportional to flow rate, but inversely proportional to pipe diameter. It is also found that the pressure loss has a complex exponential relationship with volume concentration. Based on the results above, a new calculation model for pressure loss of coal slime was built up. The coefficients in the calculation model were determined from the experimental data by means of nonlinear curve fitting step by step. The validity of this calculation model was verified by the experiments carried out on the large-scale circular pipeline transportation system which has the same parameters with industrial application.
Multi-Product Inventory-Routing Problem in the Supermarket Distribution Industry
Authors: Laganà Demetrio , Longo Francesco , Santoro Francesco
Published: November 2015

The Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is an integrated logistic problem arising in several industries (e.g. petrochemical, grocery, soft drink and automotive). A vendor decides the optimal delivery strategy for a set of customers, taking into account their inventory policies and avoiding product stock-out in a finite and discrete time horizon. Delivery strategy includes the time and size of deliveries in order to minimize the total delivery cost. Most commonly studied are IRP real cases where a single homogeneous product with deterministic but time-varying demand is delivered over a finite time horizon. This paper is focused on an efficient methodology for industrial problems where a vendor resupplies a set of customers of heterogeneous products (as in the supermarket distribution industry). In this context, the paper reports on an effort facing the inventory routing problem for multi-category products per customer in conjunction with different inventory policies per category. The paper is motivated by real applications arising in the food engineering field. For instance, industries dealing with food’s distribution to stores located in a given geographic area. The planning strategy is formulated as a linear model. The core of the decision problem consists in determining both the delivery route and the corresponding day of activation along the time horizon. A decomposition of the problem into two phases has been proposed. A suitable penalty cost modeled by simulating the possibility of having an early or delayed product delivery on the delivery day returned from the inventory model (e.g. Economic Order Quantity) is the key feature of the first phase. In the second phase, deliveries are scheduled on a daily basis by taking into account the time windows associated to each customer. This is accomplished by using a constructive heuristic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows. Computational results on some realistic instances are presented and discussed.
Flow diverters for intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Venier Alice , Gardenghi Beatrice , Lanzino Giuseppe , Rammos Stylianos K.
Published: November 2015

The progressive establishment of endovascular management in treating intracranial aneurysms had lead to continuous technique advancements and development of innovative technologies. Flow diverters are “stent-like” devices currently used for complex unruptured aneurysms allowing endoluminal reconstruction of the parent artery and occlusion of the aneurysm sac. In the present article, we review the development of flow diversion devices through in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical practice and summarize recent clinical data.
Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Garcinia cambogia on high fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Sripradha Ramalingam , Sridhar Magadi Gopalakrishna , Maithilikarpagaselvi Nachimuthu
Published: November 2015

Background: The study investigated the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Garcinia cambogia on high fat diet-fed rats.

Methods: The phytochemical constituents, total polyphenol content and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were estimated in the G. cambogia extract (GE). Male Wistar rats were fed with either standard rodent diet or 30% high-fat diet and administered with GE at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight/day for 10 weeks. At the end, lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters were estimated.

Results: The analyses revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, sterols, tannins, flavonoids and saponins in GE. The total polyphenol content and FRAP of GE were 82.82±7.64 mg of gallic acid equivalents and 260.49±10.18 µM FRAP per gram of the GE. High-fat feeding elevated plasma total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced HDL-C and blood antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase. Increase in total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and decrease in the total antioxidant status (TAS) were observed in plasma, liver and kidney of fat-fed rats. Administration of GE decreased food intake, plasma TC, TAG, non HDL-C, MDA, increased HDL-C and blood antioxidants GSH, GPx, catalase. GE also reduced TOS, OSI and elevated TAS in plasma and liver of fat-fed rats. Renal OSI was significantly reduced upon GE treatment.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that GE is effective in ameliorating high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress.
Study on Sakiadis and Blasius flows of Williamson fluid with convective boundary condition
Authors: Ramesh G.K. , Gireesha B.J. , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy
Published: November 2015

The present analysis reports the behaviour of Sakiadis and Blasius flow of Williamson fluid with convective boundary condition. Using boundary layer approximations and suitable similarity transformations the governing partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions are reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations are solved numerically with the help of fourth and fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. It is found that the Blasius flow provides a thicker thermal boundary layerwhen compared with the Sakiadis flow.
Did Vitry write an Ars vetus et nova?
Authors: Desmond Karen
Published: November 2015

In book 7 of his Speculum musicae, the fourteenth-century music theorist Jacobus structures a defense of music as it had been practiced in the thirteenth century by such eminent musicians and theorists as Lambertus, Franco, and Petrus de Cruce against the practices of certain unnamed moderni active at the time of Jacobus’s writing. While Jacobus’s quotations from various theoretical works by Jehan des Murs have long been recognized, it previously had been supposed that the remaining quotations were jumbled references from many different theorists. With specific reference to Philippe de Vitry only two quotations from the text edited in vol. 8, Corpus scriptorum de musica, had been identified previously. In fact, there is substantial sustained treatment of a single author, whom I have termed the doctor modernus and who is not Jehan des Murs, that occupies at least five contiguous central chapters of book 7. Following Jacobus’s practice in the previous six books of commentary on a handful of specific works, the writing of Book 7 appears to have been structured around the written works of just four theorists: Lambert, Franco, Jehan des Murs, and the doctor modernus. Furthermore, Jacobus’s vehemence toward the doctor modernus was particularly pronounced and may indicate a personal relationship between the two men. His treatise is quoted with reference to some fundamental ars nova theories, such as extension of long notes beyond the duplex long, remote imperfection, the use of imperfect longs, and imperfect measure in general, and his treatise is described as outlining the precepts of both the old and new arts. The similarities between the treatise of the doctor modernus and many ars nova theory texts (some of which were attributed to Vitry) hints at the possibility that the treatise of the doctor modernus may have been the ancestor text that these other texts had in common, and hence also that Philippe de Vitry may have been the author of the text known to Jacobus, whose subject was the Ars vetus et nova.
Listening B(l)ack
Authors: Olwage Grant
Published: November 2015

Much of the interpretive scholarship on Paul Robeson has tended to focus on his art as it relates to politics, an imperative related no doubt as much to the social turn in the humanities as to the singer’s own activist credentials. This article shifts the focus to art matters with the goal of gaining additional perspective on Robeson’s early singing career in the 1920s by examining the contemporary practices of concert singing. The analysis focuses on three domains of practice pertaining to singing spirituals at concerts: the programming of spirituals in recital; arranging them for performance; and their vocal performance. I include a study of how Robeson’s concert practice is indebted to that of the tenor Roland Hayes, proposing that a close listening to Hayes’s singing sheds new light on the assessment of Robeson’s early concert career and representations of the singer as racial subject.
An unusual presentation of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Suryawanshi Avinash , Middleton Timothy , Ganda Kirtan
Published: November 2015

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene that result in accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in various tissues. This leads to demyelination in the CNS and impaired steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex and testes. A 57-year-old gentleman was referred for the assessment of bilateral gynaecomastia of 6 months duration. He had skin hyperpigmentation since 4 years of age and spastic paraparesis for the past 15 years. Physical examination findings included generalised hyperpigmentation (including skin, buccal mucosa and palmar creases), blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg, non-tender gynaecomastia and bilateral hypoplastic testes. Lower limb findings were those of a profoundly ataxic gait associated with significant paraparesis and sensory loss. Primary adrenal insufficiency was confirmed and investigations for gynaecomastia revealed normal testosterone with mildly elevated luteinising hormone level and normal prolactin. The combination of primary adrenal insufficiency (likely childhood onset), partial testicular failure (leading to gynaecomastia) and spastic paraparesis suggested X-ALD as a unifying diagnosis. A serum VLCFA panel was consistent with X-ALD. Subsequent genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment with replacement doses of corticosteroid resulted in improvement in blood pressure and increased energy levels. We have reported the case of a 57-year-old man with a very late diagnosis of X-ALD manifested by childhood onset of primary adrenal insufficiency followed by paraparesis and primary hypogonadism in adulthood. Thus, X-ALD should be considered as a possibility in a patient with non-autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency and neurological abnormalities.

Learning points

Adult patients with X-ALD may be misdiagnosed as having multiple sclerosis or idiopathic spastic paraparesis for many years before the correct diagnosis is identified.

Screening for X-ALD with a VLCFA panel should be strongly considered in male children with primary adrenal insufficiency and in male adults presenting with non-autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency.

Confirmation of a genetic diagnosis of X-ALD can be very useful for a patient's family as genetic testing enables detection of pre-symptomatic female heterozygotes who can then be offered pre-natal testing to avoid transmission of the disease to male offsprings.
The nominal morphology of Lovari from an analogical perspective
Authors: Baló Márton András
Published: November 2015

The paper attempts to provide evidence that analogy-based approaches make language change, as well as unstable and variegated forms and word classes easier to grasp than they would be in a traditional synchronic framework or through a rule-based diachronic analysis. The example is the declension of the Lovari dialect of Romani, a dialectally most diverse Indo-European language that is often exposed to contact-related influences. A unique feature of Romani, the strict split between the morphology of inherited and borrowed vocabulary is seen in a new light if we examine the possible analogical processes behind the apparent erosion of this system, and the seemingly high number of inflectional nominal paradigms can be reduced to just two.
Properties of annealed jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) seed starch
Authors: Bhattacharjya B. , Dutta H. , Patwari K. , Mahanta C.L.
Published: November 2015

Jackfruit seed starch was annealed by single stage and double stage processes and characterised for changes in properties. Single-stage annealing gave higher crystalline order than double-stage annealed starch. No major change in the granular morphology was observed. Annealing resulted in notably altered pasting properties. Increased peak viscosity was indicative of molecular rigidity developed in the granules due to annealing. The increased thermal stability in DSC and specific peak sharpening in the XRD patterns of single-stage annealed starches indicated development of ‘site specific’ crystallinity. The new crystallites formed during the first stage of double-stage annealing were heat labile as crystallinity lowered after the second stage. Single stage annealed jackfruit seed starch can be used for noodle making.
Effect of rosemary leaves and essential oil on turkey sausage quality
Authors: Jridi M. , Siala R. , Fakhfakh N. , Ayadi M.A. , Elhatmi M. , Taktak M.A. , Nasri M. , Zouari N.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rosemary essential oil (250–1000 ppm) or its leaves (0.5–2%) on the quality of turkey sausage. The addition of essential oil had no significant effect on the sausage texture and colour parameters. A high rosemary leaves level resulted in an increase in sausage hardness and chewiness and a decrease in lightness (L*) with respect to the control sausage. Sensory evaluation indicated that rosemary essential oil and its leaves increased the taste and the aroma scores of turkey sausage depending on the concentration. The obtained results also showed that rosemary leaves (0.5%) were more effective than essential oil in reducing total plate counts, TBARS, K232, and K270 values during chill storage, in comparison with the control product. This will contribute to reducing the use of chemical additives, which are badly perceived by consumers, while increasing the sensory properties of such products.
Effect of shelf conditions on the phenolic fraction and oxidation indices of monovarietal extra virgin olive oil from cv. ‘Taggiasca’
Authors: Lanza B. , Di Serio M.G. , Giansante L. , Di Loreto G. , Di Giacinto L.
Published: November 2015

The quality of monovarietal extra virgin olive oil from cv. ‘Taggiasca’ is influenced by many factors that have impact on shelf-life as well as on sensory and healthy properties of the product. The aim of the work was to recreate the conditions similar to those in consumer sales point (conditions of “shelf”), maintaining the olive oil packaged in dark-green bottles at room temperature (between 18 and 25 °C) under artificial light and away from heat sources, monitoring the oils up to 12 months from bottling with quarterly sampling for the main chemical, physico-chemical, and sensory parameters related to the quality. After one year of storage, an organoleptic alteration with reduction of the attributes ‘fruity’, ‘pungent’, and ‘bitter’, as well as the occurrence of ‘rancid’ defect, was observed. This alteration was found to be accompanied by a decrease in phenolic substances and tocopherols and an increase in primary and secondary oxidation products. The composition of the volatile fraction showed a slight increase of substances related to rancid defect, a constant trend of compounds related to fruitiness, and a slight decrease in alcohols. It can be concluded that the optimum time of storage of the oil under the above-mentioned conditions is approximately 9 months.
BARF (Biologisch Artgerechte Rohfütterung) als Ernährungsform bei Hunden
Authors: Schmidt M. , Kölle P.
Published: November 2015

BARF (Biologisch Artgerechte Rohfütterung) ist in Deutschland ein zunehmender Trend in der Ernährung von Hunden. In diesem Artikel werden allgemeine Informationen zu dieser Fütterungsmethode dargestellt, wie Prinzipien des Barfens, Zusammensetzung einer typischen BARF-Ration und Beweggründe der Besitzer. Risiken bei BARF-Rationen bestehen insbesondere in der potenziellen Übertragung von Parasiten, Bakterien und Viren durch rohes Fleisch auf den Hund, wobei einige davon auch zoonotisches Potenzial aufweisen. Häufig besteht bei BARF-Rationen zudem eine Unteroder Überversorgung der Hunde mit verschiedenen Nährstoffen. Dies betrifft insbesondere das Mengenelement Kalzium und die Spurenelemente Kupfer, Zink und Jod, die Vitamine A und D sowie ein häufig inadäquates Kalzium-Phosphor-Verhältnis der Ration. Dies kann bei mittelbis langfristiger Verfütterung zu klinisch manifesten Krankheitssymptomen führen. Daher sollte Hundebesitzern, die ihre Hunde barfen, stets eine Rationsüberprüfung und gegebenenfalls Rationsoptimierung durch einen entsprechend spezialisierten Tierarzt angeraten werden.
A Network Coding based DTN Convergence Layer Reliable Transport Mechanism over InterPlaNetary Networks
Authors: Haoliang Sun , Lixiang Liu , Xiaohui Hu
Published: November 2015

The realization of deep space scientific missions are enabled by the developments in the space technologies. TCP can not provide effective communication service in deep space links because of the long propagation delay and high BERs characteristics.Scientific community propose Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) for resolving the communication problem between earth and other planet. DTN introduces a new layer in the protocol stack called Bundle Layer that is placed between application layer and transport layer.DTN calls the transport protocols that it uses to move data across different networks convergence layers. This study present a novel Network Coding based convergence layer Reliable TransPort mechanism(NC-RTP) in order to provide effective communication service between DTN peers. This mechanism transmit a coded bundle every M original bundles(M is related to the packet error rate of the communication link). The coded bundle is a random linear combination of previous M original bundles. Using coded bundle and (M-1)original bundles, the receiver could decode and generate a single lost bundle of previous M original bundles . In this way, NC-RTP could compensate any single lost bundle in (M+1) transmitted bundles(including M original bundles and 1 coded bundle).Our theoretical and simulation performance evaluation results reveal that NC-RTP can enhance transmit reliability and make file transfered faster.
Influence of some heavy metal nitrates on the hydration of C3A
Authors: Mohammed Maha R. , Ahmed Doaa A.
Published: November 2015

The influence of addition of some heavy metal salts such as Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb nitrates as admixtures on the hydration reaction of a mixture of C3A and gypsum with molar ratio 1 : 3 was studied. Different ratios of each salt were used namely; 0·5, 1·5 and 3% by weight of the solid mixture. The hydration reaction was carried out at 30°C for various time intervals; 0·5, 3, 6, 24 h and 3 and 7 days. The hydration kinetics of the system 3CaO. Al2O3–CaSO4. 2H2O in absence and presence of different nitrate salts was studied via the determination of the combined water contents. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy showed that the ettringite was the only hydration product formed in the different mixes. The results indicated that the rate of formation of ettringite and its microstructure depend on the admixture used and its dosage.
Electrochemical chloride extraction effect on blended cements
Authors: Ismail Mohammad , Muhammad Bala
Published: November 2015

Use of high magnitude current for electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) has led many researchers to look at the side effects on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) but not blended cements. To simulate the effect of applying electrochemical chloride extraction on blended cements experimentally, 100% OPC, 70% OPC + 30% pulverised fuel ash and 60% OPC + 40% ground granulated blast-furnace slag were prepared and subjected to electrolysis between embedded steel cathodes and external anodes of activated titanium mesh. The cathodic current density applied was 5 A/m2 over a treatment period of 12 weeks. The effect of ECE on the physical and microstructural properties of the specimens was studied using microhardness and mercury intrusion porosimetry techniques. Eventually, removal of chloride ions was noted to be more effective in OPC in comparison with blended cements. In addition, although a slight increase in the total porosity was observed near the steel cathode in the OPC matrix, the reverse was, however, the case with the blended cements.
Experimental study on the influence of two different additives onto the flow behaviour of a fresh cement paste
Authors: Rubio-Hernández Francisco José , Moreno-Lechado Sergio , Velázquez-Navarro José Francisco
Published: November 2015

The effects of the concentration of two different additives, lignosulfonate and polycarboxilate, in the rheological parameters of fresh cement pastes were investigated. The geometry of concentric cylinders with a narrow gap was used together with a viscometer. The experimental data shown in the rheograms were fitted with the Herschel–Bulkley model. As expected, the higher the concentration of the additive, the lower the yield stress and consistency of the material. However, a different trend was observed in the flow index with both additives. This behaviour was explained on the basis of the different nature of the interaction between the particles due to the adsorption of each type of additive. As an example, the influence of additives on the velocity profile shown by the cement paste in a pipeline was determined. A limiting radius was obtained, depending on the value of yield stress.
Ground risk management of a major portfolio of embankment dams in the UK
Authors: Eddleston Malcolm , Carter Ian C. , Gardiner Keith D.
Published: November 2015

United Utilities is one of the largest dam owners in the UK with over 150 embankment dams, typically built between the 1850s to late 1890s. The majority fall under the auspices of the 1975 Reservoir Act and undergo regular inspections by qualified supervising and inspecting engineers. These identify works required in the interest of safety. In addition United Utilities will take the opportunity to upgrade its assets to meet modern design standards and bring them in line with current standards and best practice. In order to prioritise remedial works and upgrades to comply with contemporary requirements, United Utilites has been at the forefront of the development of risk assessment techniques to manage its assets on the basis of risk assessment. This paper will describe the development and application of these techniques to assist United Utilities in rationalising its asset management Plan investment decisions. It also describes some new cost- and environmentally-efficient investigation and design approaches developed and adopted in recent years to improve these assets.
Batu Hampar dam – design and construction of an RCC dam
Authors: Wagner Chris
Published: November 2015

This paper describes the design and construction of a roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam, Batu Hampar in Malaysia. The paper uses Batu Hampar as an example to highlight some of the key issues and decisions to be made in the use of RCC for dam construction.
Technical visit: ICOLD 2011, Lucerne: study tour – Emosson dam
Authors: Hope Ian
Published: November 2015

For the majority of us, our only encounters with extreme heights and mountainous regions occur when embarking on a skiing holiday. In the Alps, these extreme elevations are being employed for hydro generation and pump storage schemes. While the statistics are truly mind-boggling, such schemes bring with them massive challenges as demonstrated on a visit to the Emosson arch dam.
Technical visit: ICOLD 2011, Lucerne: study tour B2 – southern Switzerland
Authors: Hughes Andy
Published: November 2015

This article summarises the 4-day technical tour of southern Switzerland undertaken by an international group of ICOLD 2011 attendees. The tour, which began in Lucerne and ended in Zurich, took in the Gotthard base tunnel along with five alpine dams: the Nalps, Santa Maria, Luzzone, Contra and Isola dams.
Recent canal reservoir improvements in the north-west of England
Authors: Brown David Henthorn , Howlett Paul
Published: November 2015

Reservoirs are high-risk assets and modern legislation requires that all reservoirs meet the highest current standards in respect of reservoir safety. British Waterways is responsible for a large number of reservoirs up to 240 years old, far older than the UK average. This paper discusses works carried out by British Waterways at reservoirs in the north-west of England between 2006 and 2010 to achieve this objective. The reservoirs are described and the works are grouped into the themes of spillways, freeboard, outlets, dam stability and emergency planning. The procedures for prioritising the works and selecting the most appropriate technical solution are considered.
Experimental studies of the behaviour of geosynthetic wrap around anchorage
Authors: Lajevardi S. H. , Dias D. , Briançon L.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: When determining the dimensions of a geosynthetic lining system, it is important to have knowledge of the behaviour of the anchorage of the geotextile sheets. In order to optimise the geometry of the structures in question and then reduce the area taken up by the anchorage, anchorage solutions using trenches of varying forms are sometimes used. This paper focuses on two types of anchors (simple run-out and wrap around). The first author has previously performed some pull-out tests using an anchorage bench under controlled conditions using three types of geosynthetics and two types of soil. The results obtained from that study showed that there is an optimum length for the upper part of the geosynthetic for the wrap around anchorage. A more detailed analysis which describes the behaviour of a geosynthetic for the wrap around anchorage, the influence of the geosynthetic and of the soil types is presented herein.
Direct shear behaviour of residual soil–geosynthetic interfaces – influence of soil moisture content, soil density and geosynthetic type
Authors: Ferreira F. B. , Vieira C. S. , Lopes M. L.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: Soil–geosynthetic interface shear strength is an essential parameter for the design and stability analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures. Economic and environmental reasons have led to increasing use of locally available residual soils with a significant percentage of fines and lower draining capacity, when compared with the traditional good-quality backfill materials. This paper describes an extensive laboratory study carried out using a large-scale direct shear test device, in which the influence of soil moisture content, soil density and geosynthetic type on the direct shear behaviour of the soil–geosynthetic interface was evaluated. The study involved a locally available granite residual soil and four geosynthetics: two geogrids (one uniaxial and the other biaxial), one geocomposite reinforcement (high-strength geotextile) and one geotextile. Test results have revealed that the increase in soil moisture content can measurably reduce the soil–geosynthetic interface shear strength. Regardless of soil moisture content, soil density proved to have a remarkable influence on interface shear strength, particularly when geogrids were used. Among the different geosynthetics tested, the biaxial geogrid was found to be the most effective reinforcement for this particular type of soil, concerning the direct shear mechanism. For soil–geogrid interfaces, the coefficients of interaction ranged from 0.71 to 0.99. For soil–geotextile interfaces, the coefficients of interaction varied from 0.54 to 0.85.
A full-scale trial embankment construction with soil reinforced with short randomly distributed polypropylene microfibres
Authors: Falorca I.M.C.F.G. , Gomes L.M.F. , Pinto M.I.M.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: This paper presents some important results of a full-scale experiment with a soil reinforced with short, randomly distributed polypropylene (PP) microfibres. A trial embankment 50 m long × 10 m wide with different sections of different reinforcing characteristics was built to verify the feasibility of this type of construction, and to study the most suitable procedures on site for both embankment construction and soil–fibre mixing. The experiment also aims at the validation of laboratory studies. The construction and quality control of the embankment layers are described, with special attention given to the mixture production. The full-scale experiment showed a reinforced soil behaviour broadly in agreement with the results of the laboratory studies. Soil reinforced with thinner fibres showed higher compressibility but also a higher recovery capacity when compared with unreinforced soil or soil reinforced with thicker fibres. This composite material complies with the stiffness requirements for several construction applications, proving to be a suitable material for construction.
Modification of K-stiffness method for MSE structures on soft ground
Authors: Tin N. , Bergado D.T. , Voottipruex P. , Tanchaisawat T.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: In this paper, a modification of the K-stiffness method, which is used to calculate the reinforcement load of mechanically stabilised earth (MSE) structures on firm foundations, was investigated for application to reinforced structures on soft ground. Current design methods for the estimation of reinforcement loads of reinforced structures on firm foundation, namely the tieback wedge or simplified method, the FHWA structure stiffness method, the original K-stiffness method and the modified K-stiffness method, were applied to calculate the reinforcement loads of two embankments constructed on soft Bangkok clay. From comparisons of the calculated and observed values, a modification of the original K-stiffness method was proposed by suggesting a uniform distribution of the reinforcement loads, and adding one more factor, the settlement factor Φs, to take into account the influence of settlement on the reinforcement loads.