bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Low‐Potential Methanol Oxidation on Single‐Ir‐Atom Catalyst
Authors: Gong Liyuan , Zhu Xiaorong , Nga Ta Thi Thuy , Liu Qie , Wu Yujie , Yang Pupu , Zhou Yangyang , Xiao Zhaohui , Dong Chung‐Li , Fu Xianzhu , Tao Li , Wang Shuangyin
Published: April 2024

Methanol oxidation plays a central role to implement sustainable energy economy, which is restricted by the sluggish reaction kinetics due to the multi‐electron transfer process accompanied by numerous sequential intermediate. In this study, an efficient cascade methanol oxidation reaction is catalyzed by single‐Ir‐atom catalyst at ultra‐low potential (<0.1 V) with the promotion of the thermal and electrochemical integration in a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer. At the elevated temperature, the electron deficient Ir site with higher methanol affinity could spontaneous catalyze the CH3OH dehydrogenation to CO under the voltage, then the generated CO and H2 was electrochemically oxidized to CO2 and proton. However, the methanol cannot thermally decompose with the voltage absence, which confirm the indispensable of the coupling of thermal and electrochemical integration for the methanol oxidation. By assembling the methanol oxidation reaction with hydrogen evolution reaction with single‐Ir‐atom catalysts in the anode chamber, a max hydrogen production rate reaches 18 mol gIr−1 h−1, which is much greater than that of Ir nanoparticles and commercial Pt/C. This study also demonstrated the electrochemical methanol oxidation activity of the single atom catalysts, which broadens the renewable energy devices and the catalyst design by an integration concept.
Synthesis of amide derivatives containing the imidazole moiety and evaluation of their anti‐cardiac fibrosis activity
Authors: Yang Yu‐Xuan , Guo Jia , Liu Chuang , Nan Ji‐Xing , Wu Yan‐Ling , Jin Cheng‐Hua
Published: April 2024

Three series of N‐{[4‐([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐α]pyridin‐6‐yl)‐5‐(6‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl]methyl}acetamides (14a–d, 15a–n, and 16a–f) were synthesized and evaluated for activin receptor‐like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitory activities in an enzymatic assay. The target compounds showed high ALK5 inhibitory activity and selectivity. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for phosphorylation of ALK5 of 16f (9.1 nM), the most potent compound, was 2.7 times that of the clinical candidate EW‐7197 (vactosertib) and 14 times that of the clinical candidate LY‐2157299. The selectivity index of 16f against p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase was >109, which was much higher than that of positive controls (EW‐7197: >41, and LY‐2157299: 4). Furthermore, a molecular docking study provided the interaction modes between the target compounds and ALK5. Compounds 14c, 14d, and 16f effectively inhibited the protein expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), collagen I, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP‐1)/matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) in transforming growth factor‐β‐induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Compounds 14c and 16f showed especially high activity at low concentrations, which suggests that these compounds could inhibit myocardial cell fibrosis. Compounds 14c, 14d, and 16f are potential preclinical candidates for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
Structural and molecular insights into a bifunctional glycoside hydrolase 30 xylanase specific to glucuronoxylan
Authors: Pentari Christina , Kosinas Christos , Nikolaivits Efstratios , Dimarogona Maria , Topakas Evangelos
Published: April 2024

Glycoside hydrolase (GH) 30 family xylanases are enzymes of biotechnological interest due to their capacity to degrade recalcitrant hemicelluloses, such as glucuronoxylan (GX). This study focuses on a subfamily 7 GH30, TtXyn30A from Thermothelomyces thermophilus, which acts on GX in an “endo” and “exo” mode, releasing methyl‐glucuronic acid branched xylooligosaccharides (XOs) and xylobiose, respectively. The crystal structure of inactive TtXyn30A in complex with 23‐(4‐O‐methyl‐α‐D‐glucuronosyl)‐xylotriose (UXX), along with biochemical analyses, corroborate the implication of E233, previously identified as alternative catalytic residue, in the hydrolysis of decorated xylan. At the −1 subsite, the xylose adopts a distorted conformation, indicative of the Michaelis complex of TtXyn30AEE with UXX trapped in the semi‐functional active site. The most significant structural rearrangements upon substrate binding are observed at residues W127 and E233. The structures with neutral XOs, representing the “exo” function, clearly show the nonspecific binding at aglycon subsites, contrary to glycon sites, where the xylose molecules are accommodated via multiple interactions. Last, an unproductive ligand binding site is found at the interface between the catalytic and the secondary β‐domain which is present in all GH30 enzymes. These findings improve current understanding of the mechanism of bifunctional GH30s, with potential applications in the field of enzyme engineering.
Effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on anxiety symptoms and physiological measures among individuals experiencing claustrophobia
Authors: El‐Qirem Fuad , Malak Malakeh Z. , Abualruz Hasan , Abuhazeem Suhaib , Amro Ahlam
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Innovative technologies, including virtual reality (VR), can be used for conducting VR exposure therapy (VRET) for individuals with psychiatric disorders, including claustrophobia. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies on the effect of VR in treating claustrophobia in Arab countries, including Jordan. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of VRET on minimising anxiety symptoms at 1 week post‐therapy and the physiological arousal measures (heart rate, O2 saturation and mean arterial pressure) of participants before and following therapy.

Methods

A pre‐/post‐test one‐group design was used, and participants (N = 44) who suffered from claustrophobia from Al‐Zaytoonah University of Jordan were recruited. VRET was conducted using the Cave experience, which consists of four stages and was carried out in 4 to 6 sessions during the period from April to September 2023.

Results

The findings revealed a significant difference between pre‐ and post‐VR simulation intervention for anxiety symptoms and physiological measures; in addition, the participants perceived the usability of VR therapy.

Conclusion

This study suggested that VRET was effective in managing claustrophobia, particularly in minimising anxiety symptoms. Therefore, VRET can be integrated into the therapeutic methods for individuals with claustrophobia. Also, healthcare professionals, including mental health counsellors, can adopt such therapy in their management and treatment plan.
Design, Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Novel meta‐Diamide Compounds Containing Pyridine Rings
Authors: Yao Yanyu , Liu Jiyong , Zhou Liqi , Zhao Tingting , He Zhen , Gong Hang , Li Kangming
Published: April 2024

In order to discover new meta‐diamide compounds with good activity and novel structure, 15 related compounds were designed and synthesized by the bioisosterism principle with cyproflanilide as the lead compound. The insecticidal activities of these compounds against Plutella xylostella and Tetranychus cinnabarinus were tested, and the results of biological activity test showed that some compounds had more than 90 % insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella at 1 mg/L and Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 100 mg/L. Especially, N‐(2‐bromo‐6‐(difluoromethoxy)‐4‐(perfluoro propan‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐6‐(isonicotinamido)picolinamide against Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 10 mg/L was 100 %, which was better than that of cyproflanilide. Molecular docking studies suggested that N‐(2‐bromo‐6‐(difluoromethoxy)‐4‐(perfluoropropan‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐6‐(4‐cyano‐2‐methylbenzamido)picolinamide had a closely combined with the Plutella xylostella 3RHW (a glutamate‐gated chloride channel). This study provides an avenue for designing and synthesizing a new generation of more effective pesticides.
Scalp metastasis from atypical meningioma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Javed Saad , Khan Amina , Khalid Ayesha , Scalia Gianluca , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Mahmood Ashraf , Yaqoob Eesha , Pahwa Bhavya , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Scalp metastasis from atypical meningioma, though rare, underscores the importance of meticulous surgical techniques to prevent tumor cell implantation. Early detection and comprehensive management, including surgery and adjuvant therapy, are crucial for optimal outcomes.

Meningiomas are tumors of the meninges that originate in the arachnoid layer from arachnoid cap cells. Atypical meningiomas, classified as WHO grade 2 tumors, tend to metastasize and recur if not surgically managed properly. Scalp metastasis is a rare occurrence that presents as a subcutaneous elevation. A 33‐year‐old patient presented with a complaint of a constant, dull pressure headache persisting for the past 12 months, exacerbated by exertion, along with seizures and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The patient had no significant medical history but had undergone surgery 4 years ago for a WHO grade 2 meningioma. The current brain MRI revealed a dural tail sign, along with masses on both the left and right sides of the frontal lobe, extending to involve the skin on the forehead and scalp. The patient underwent surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy. At the 12‐month follow‐up, no neurological deterioration or tumor recurrence was observed. A literature review on scalp metastasis in patients with atypical meningioma was also conducted, including eight articles published up to September 2023. The mechanism of metastasis development appears to be consistent in all eight reported cases, involving the implantation of tumor cells during resection. Therefore, there is a critical need for meticulous intra‐ and post‐operative surgical techniques to prevent such implantation.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans pacemaker lead infection—A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Hayden , Sivalingam Varsha , Qian Pierre , Sivagnanam Shobini
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Aggregatibacter spp. is a rare cause for cardiac device infections. Due to limited data, the management of Aggregatibacter spp. device infections is not clearly defined but should always involve device removal and prolonged intravenous antibiotics.
Monitoring fatigue state with heart rate‐based and subjective methods during intensified training in recreational runners
Authors: Nuuttila Olli‐Pekka , Uusitalo Arja , Kokkonen Veli‐Pekka , Weerarathna Nilushika , Kyröläinen Heikki
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was firstly to examine the sensitivity of heart rate (HR)‐based and subjective monitoring markers to intensified endurance training; and secondly, to investigate the validity of these markers to distinguish individuals in different fatigue states. A total of 24 recreational runners performed a 3‐week baseline period, a 2‐week overload period, and a 1‐week recovery period. Performance was assessed before and after each period with a 3000m running test. Recovery was monitored with daily orthostatic tests, nocturnal HR recordings, questionnaires, and exercise data. The participants were divided into subgroups (overreached/OR, n = 8; responders/RESP, n = 12) based on the changes in performance and subjective recovery. The responses to the second week of the overload period were compared between the subgroups. RESP improved their baseline 3000 m time (p < 0.001) after the overload period (−2.5 ± 1.0%), and the change differed (p < 0.001) from OR (0.6 ± 1.2%). The changes in nocturnal HR (OR 3.2 ± 3.1%; RESP −2.8 ± 3.7%, p = 0.002) and HR variability (OR −0.7 ± 1.8%; RESP 2.1 ± 1.6%, p = 0.011) differed between the subgroups. In addition, the decrease in subjective readiness to train (p = 0.009) and increase in soreness of the legs (p = 0.04) were greater in OR compared to RESP. Nocturnal HR, readiness to train, and exercise‐derived HR‐running power index had ≥85% positive and negative predictive values in the discrimination between OR and RESP individuals. In conclusion, exercise tolerance can vary substantially in recreational runners. The results supported the usefulness of nocturnal HR and subjective recovery assessments in recognizing fatigue states.
Exploring the anti‐inflammatory ingredients and potential of golden buckwheat (Fagopyrum dibotrys) on the TLR4/NLRP3 pathway in acute lung injury
Authors: Hu Yingfan , Liu Xiaomin , Song Yu , Zhang Yan , Li Wei , Zhang Lele , Wang Anqi , Su Qian , Yang Zhiyong , Zou Liang
Published: April 2024

Golden buckwheat, also called Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) H. Hara, is a plant of the genus Buckwheat in the buckwheat family. The aim of this study was to screen the bioactive ingredients of golden buckwheat extract and investigate the protective effect on acute lung injury (ALI). The ethyl acetate extract (EAE) was identified as the active fraction in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells, with gallic acid, proanthocyanidin B2, and epicatechin at 0.0563%, 0.3707%, and 0.3868%, respectively. At the same time, 20 compounds (mainly flavonoids and organic acids) were identified by UPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap‐HRMS in EAE. Furthermore, the EAE reduced lung histopathology scores in mice with ALI, decreased the dry‐to‐wet weight ratio of lung tissue, and significantly inhibited the concentrations of IL‐1β, TNFα, and IL‐6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). It also reduced the number of leukocytes, decreased the activity of MPO in lung tissue, and inhibited the levels of TLR4/NLRP3 pathway mRNA and protein in lung tissue. Our study indicated that golden buckwheat as a source of functional food prevents or treats associated lung diseases by modulating the activation of the TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Climate risks and the REITs market
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Ogbonna Ahamuefula E. , Vo Xuan Vinh
Published: April 2024

This study presents results supporting the need to price climate risks in real estate investment trusts. We approach this objective by conducting some empirical analyses for global, regional, and [US] sectoral REITs for want of wider coverage while we also consider variants of climate risks involving physical and transition risks. We first establish that climate concerns amplify the volatility of REIT returns. While our results are split for sectoral REITs, we find that both physical and transition risks magnify the volatility in the regional and global REITs market. However, when we consider the US sectoral REITs, we find contrasting evidence between the two variants of climate risks. While the transition risks seem to raise the REITs market volatility, perhaps owing to improved trading in the market as signalled by some level commitments towards addressing climate change, the physical risks associated with damages due to climate change tend to lower the REITs market volatility due to lower trading. Consequently, we formulate a framework that enables a profit‐maximizing investor to observe climate risks when making investment decisions in the REITs market, and we further show that doing so provides higher economic gains than ignoring it. This outcome has implications for investors looking for the best hedging strategy against climate‐related risks, especially as the world intensifies efforts towards de‐carbonization.
Association between adenomyosis and placenta accreta and mediation effect of assisted reproductive technology on the association: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Wada Yoshimitsu , Takahashi Hironori , Ogoyama Manabu , Horie Kenji , Suzuki Hirotada , Usui Rie , Jwa Seung Chik , Ohkuchi Akihide , Fujiwara Hiroyuki
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To investigate the association between adenomyosis and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and to evaluate the effect of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in mediating this association.

Methods

We retrieved data for singleton women from the Japanese nationwide perinatal registry between 2013 and 2019, excluding women with a history of adenomyomectomy. To investigate the association between adenomyosis and PAS among women, we used a multivariable logistic regression model with multiple imputation for missing data. We evaluated mediation effect of ART including in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection on the association between adenomyosis and PAS using causal mediation analysis based on the counterfactual approach.

Results

Of 1 500 173 pregnant women, 1539 (0.10%) had adenomyosis. The number receiving ART was 489/1539 (31.8%) and 117 482/1 498 634 (7.8%) in women with and without adenomyosis, respectively. The proportion of women who developed PAS was 21/1539 (1.4%) in women with adenomyosis and 7530/1 498 634 (0.5%) in women without adenomyosis. Adenomyosis was significantly associated with PAS (odds ratio [OR] 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–3.00; P = 0.002). Mediation analysis showed that OR of the total effect of adenomyosis on PAS was 1.98 (95% CI 1.13–3.04), OR of natural indirect effect (effect explained by ART) was 1.15 (95% CI 1.01–1.41), and OR of natural direct effect (effect unexplained by ART) was 1.72 (95% CI 0.86–2.82). The proportion mediated (natural indirect effect/total effect) was 26.5%. Adenomyosis was also significantly associated with PAS without previa (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.23–3.13, P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Adenomyosis was significantly associated with PAS. ART mediated 26.5% of the association between adenomyosis and PAS.
The “central” importance of loneliness in mental health: A network psychometric study
Authors: Pascalidis John , Bathelt Joe
Published: April 2024

Loneliness is linked to negative mental health outcomes like depression and social anxiety. However, it is unclear how loneliness and these conditions are connected. This study aims to address two questions: (a) Are there pathways connecting loneliness to these conditions? (b) What symptoms play a role in these pathways? Using network analyses, the study examined a representative sample of 962 adults from the UK (mean age = 46, females = 492). The network analysis revealed four dimensions: depression, social anxiety and two dimensions for loneliness (isolation and social connectedness). Two distinct pathways were identified for the transmission of symptoms between loneliness, social anxiety and depression. The depression‐isolation pathway involved a node representing the perceived loss of social connections. The social anxiety‐social connectedness pathway was characterised by intimate interaction contexts. These findings suggest that loneliness is associated with different symptom pathways, potentially contributing to comorbidity between loneliness, social anxiety and depression.
Conjunctive use of floodwater harvesting for managed aquifer recharge and irrigation on a date farm in Morocco
Authors: Khardi Yassine , Lacombe Guillaume , Dewandel Benoit , Hammani Ali , Taky Abdelilah , Bouarfa Sami
Published: April 2024

In arid regions, harvesting floodwater can mitigate irrigation‐induced groundwater depletion by providing additional surface water and recharging aquifers. We designed an experimental protocol to quantify these fluxes on a date farm located along the Wadi Satt, whose flow originates from the Anti‐Atlas Mountains in south‐eastern Morocco. Automatic barometric sensors were used to monitor the water level in a 6500 m3 floodwater harvesting pond and in surrounding boreholes. Six flood events occurred from 2021 to 2023. The pond water balance indicated that most stored water is pumped for irrigation (56% of harvested floodwater). More than 40% infiltrates at a rate of approximately 90 mm day−1, and the remainder evaporated. Analytical modelling of the pond water table system showed that the radius of the piezometric mound resulting from pond infiltration is less than 360 m. Groundwater recharge from the irrigated plot could be observed after two close floods that enabled continuous pumping for several weeks, suggesting that in this specific context, over‐irrigation using surface water allows the aquifer to be recharged. The hydrological effects of possible future expansion of these ponds at the watershed scale should be analysed to assess possible negative impacts on downstream water resources.
Clinical outcomes of patients receiving three versus four doses of methotrexate with concomitant antithymocyte globulin in match unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplant: A single‐center experience
Authors: Poonsombudlert Kittika , Mott Sarah , Miller Benda , Yodsuwan Ratdanai , Shaikh Hira , Strouse Christopher , Lochner Jonathan , Farooq Umar , Magalhaes‐Silverman Margarida
Published: April 2024

Methotrexate (MTX) doses on days +1, +3, +6, and +11 after match unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplant (MUD HSCT) is a common graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimen. However, the overlapping toxicity of MTX with conditioning chemotherapy sometimes warrants the omission of the fourth dose of MTX. Prior single‐institution studies showed conflicting results comparing the outcomes of patients who received three versus four doses of MTX, but to our knowledge, the effect of concomitant antithymocyte globulin (ATG) has not been reported. Charts of patients who underwent MUD HSCT between 2009 and 2023 were reviewed. Patients received rabbit ATG (Thymoglobulin), given at 0.5 mg/kg on day −3, 2 mg/kg on day −2, and 2.5 mg/kg on day −1. MTX is given at 15 mg/m2 on day +1 and 10 mg/m2 on days +3, +6, and +11. Severe mucositis was the most common indication for day +11 MTX omission (82%). We identified 292 patients (116 in 3 dose cohort and 176 in 4 dose cohort). Median follow‐up was 23 months (range 1–151). Patients in the 4 doses cohort were more frequently male (68% vs. 50%, p < 0.01), received a reduced intensity conditioning regimen (38.0% vs. 22%, p < 0.01), were older (median 58 vs. 54 years, p = 0.02), and received a transplant in the earlier era (median HSCT year 2014 vs. 2018, p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was not evidenced between the cohorts for the following outcomes: acute GVHD (aGVHD) (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.5), chronic GVHD (cGVHD) (HR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8–1.6), relapse‐free survival (RFS) (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6–1.5), non‐relapse mortality (NRM) (HR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9–2.2), and overall survival (OS) (HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9–1.7). Both cohorts had similar median time to neutrophil engraftment at 14 days. When ATG is incorporated, omission of day +11 MTX does not significantly impact the rate of engraftment or cumulative incidence of aGVHD, cGVHD, RFS, NRM, and OS.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the productivity and career prospects of musculoskeletal researchers
Authors: Chakraborty Lauren S. , Le Maitre Christine L. , Chahine Nadeen O. , Fields Aaron J. , Gawri Rahul , Giers Morgan B. , Smith Lachlan J. , Tang Simon Y. , Zehra Uruj , Haglund Lisbet , Samartzis Dino , Martin John T.
Published: April 2024

Academic researchers faced a multitude of challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic, including widespread shelter‐in‐place orders, workplace closures, and cessation of in‐person meetings and laboratory activities. The extent to which these challenges impacted musculoskeletal researchers, specifically, is unknown. We developed an anonymous web‐based survey to determine the pandemic's impact on research productivity and career prospects among musculoskeletal research trainees and faculty. There were 116 musculoskeletal (MSK) researchers with varying demographic backgrounds who completed the survey. Of respondents, 48.3% (n = 56) believed that musculoskeletal funding opportunities decreased because of COVID‐19, with faculty members more likely to hold this belief compared to nonfaculty researchers (p = 0.008). Amongst MSK researchers, 88.8% (n = 103) reported research activity was limited by COVID‐19, and 92.2% (n = 107) of researchers reported their research was not able to be refocused on COVID‐19‐related topics, with basic science researchers less likely to be able to refocus their research compared to clinical researchers (p = 0.030). Additionally, 47.4% (n = 55) reported a decrease in manuscript submissions since the onset of the pandemic. Amongst 51 trainee researchers, 62.8% (n = 32) reported a decrease in job satisfaction directly attributable to the COVID‐19 pandemic. In summary, study findings indicated that MSK researchers struggled to overcome challenges imposed by the pandemic, reporting declines in funding opportunities, research productivity, and manuscript submission. Trainee researchers experienced significant disruptions to critical research activities and worsening job satisfaction. Our findings motivate future efforts to support trainees in developing their careers and target the recovery of MSK research from the pandemic stall.
The influence of sex is a neglected focus in rotator cuff repair: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Monteleone Andrea Stefano , Salerno Manuela , Mondini Trissino da Lodi Camilla , Gonalba Giorgia Carlotta , Candrian Christian , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Rotator cuff (RC) disorders are the most common cause of shoulder disability. The aim of this study was to quantify the evidence on the sex‐related differences in RC repair.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed in January 2023 in PubMed, Wiley Cochrane Library and Web of Science on research articles on humans with RC tears treated surgically. A meta‐analysis was performed to compare results in men and women. The Downs and Black score and the modified Coleman methodology score (MCMS) were used to assess the retrieved studies.

Results

A total of 39,909 patients were enroled in the 401 studies analysed (45% women, 55% men). A trend toward more sex‐balanced recruitment was observed over time. Only 4% of the studies on 1.5% of the documented patients presented disaggregated outcome data and were quantitatively analysed. A tendency for lower range of motion values after surgery was found for external shoulder rotation in women, with 39.9° ± 6.9° versus 45.3° ± 4.1° in men (p = 0.066). According to Downs and Black scores, four studies were good and 12 fair, with a main MCMS score of 69/100.

Conclusion

There is a lack of awareness on the importance to document women‐ and men‐specific data. Only 4% of the articles disaggregated data, and it was possible to analyse only 1.5% of the literature population, a sample which cannot be considered representative of all patients. The lack of disaggregated data is alarming and calls for action to better study men and women differences to optimise the management of RC tears. This will be necessary to provide sex‐specific information that could be of clinical relevance when managing RC repair.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Robotic Neck Dissection in Head and Neck Cancer via Modified BABA Technique
Authors: Dabas Surendra K. , Menon Nandini N. , Tiwari Sukirti , Shukla Himanshu , Ranjan Reetesh , Gurung Bikas , Bassan Bharat B. , Kapoor Rahul , Verma Vinay , Sharma Pankaj , Verma Devesh , Sharma Ashwani
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Neck dissection forms an important component in the surgical management of head and neck cancers. By using the conventional techniques of neck dissection, a conspicuous scar is inevitable for the patients. The development of robotic assisted neck dissection provides for a scar‐free neck along with good oncological and functional outcomes.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted in our institute from 2020 March to 2022 March, where robotic‐assisted neck dissections performed via the modified bilateral axillo‐breast insufflation technique.

Results

Eighty‐two patients underwent robotic neck dissections in our institute. Notably, 79 patients were treatment‐naïve. The average docking time was 12 min and console time was 160 ± 15 min. The mean lymph node yield was 28.2. The average post‐operative stay was 5.6 days. The average follow‐up was noted to be 6.4 months. The mean cosmetic satisfaction score in our patients was 4.45. Only one patient presented with nodal recurrence, who was identified as a defaulter for adjuvant treatment. Robotic neck dissection gives similar functional and oncological outcomes as compared with conventional neck dissection. Patients had excellent cosmetic satisfaction following the procedure. The limitations of these techniques include high cost of procedure and longer operating time. This is a level IV evidence study.

Conclusion

Although good oncological, functional, and cosmetic outcomes have been attained in robotic assisted neck dissection, further randomized controlled studies need to be conducted to justify the added costs, cosmetic advantage, and the time taken.

Level of Evidence

IV Laryngoscope, 134:4045–4051, 2024
Modern machine‐learning applications in ambient ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Sorokin Anatoly A. , Pekov Stanislav I. , Zavorotnyuk Denis S. , Shamraeva Mariya M. , Bormotov Denis S. , Popov Igor A.
Published: April 2024

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of methods of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS). AIMS has emerged as a powerful analytical tool in recent years, allowing for rapid and sensitive analysis of various samples without the need for extensive sample preparation. The integration of ML/AI algorithms with AIMS has further expanded its capabilities, enabling enhanced data analysis. This review discusses ML/AI algorithms applicable to the AIMS data and highlights the key advancements and potential benefits of utilizing ML/AI in the field of mass spectrometry, with a focus on the AIMS community.
A chimeric adenovirus‐vectored vaccine based on Beta spike and Delta RBD confers a broad‐spectrum neutralization against Omicron‐included SARS‐CoV‐2 variants
Authors: Hong Weiqi , Lei Hong , Peng Dandan , Huang Yuhe , He Cai , Yang Jingyun , Zhou Yanan , Liu Jian , Pan Xiangyu , Que Haiying , Alu Aqu , Chen Li , Ai Jiayuan , Qin Furong , Wang Binhan , Ao Danyi , Zeng Zhen , Hao Ying , Zhang Yu , Huang Xiya , Ye Chunjun , Fu MinYang , He Xuemei , Bi Zhenfei , Han Xuejiao , Luo Min , Hu Hongbo , Cheng Wei , Dong Haohao , Lei Jian , Chen Lu , Zhou Xikun , Wang Wei , Lu Guangwen , Shen Guobo , Yang Li , Yang Jinliang , Li Jiong , Wang Zhenling , Song Xiangrong , Sun Qiangming , Lu Shuaiyao , Wang Youchun , Cheng Ping , Wei Xiawei
Published: April 2024

Urgent research into innovative severe acute respiratory coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines that may successfully prevent various emerging emerged variants, particularly the Omicron variant and its subvariants, is necessary. Here, we designed a chimeric adenovirus‐vectored vaccine named Ad5‐Beta/Delta. This vaccine was created by incorporating the receptor‐binding domain from the Delta variant, which has the L452R and T478K mutations, into the complete spike protein of the Beta variant. Both intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) vaccination with Ad5‐Beta/Deta vaccine induced robust broad‐spectrum neutralization against Omicron BA.5‐included variants. IN immunization with Ad5‐Beta/Delta vaccine exhibited superior mucosal immunity, manifested by higher secretory IgA antibodies and more tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRM) in respiratory tract. The combination of IM and IN delivery of the Ad5‐Beta/Delta vaccine was capable of synergically eliciting stronger systemic and mucosal immune responses. Furthermore, the Ad5‐Beta/Delta vaccination demonstrated more effective boosting implications after two dosages of mRNA or subunit recombinant protein vaccine, indicating its capacity for utilization as a booster shot in the heterologous vaccination. These outcomes quantified Ad5‐Beta/Delta vaccine as a favorable vaccine can provide protective immunity versus SARS‐CoV‐2 pre‐Omicron variants of concern and BA.5‐included Omicron subvariants.
Innovative pathological network‐based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment
Authors: Mayo Paloma , Pascual Jorge , Crisman Enrique , Domínguez Cristina , López Manuela G. , León Rafael
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget‐directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
Prevalence and factors associated with eating disorders among undergraduate students in a public university in Ghana
Authors: Doku Michelle M. K. , Sackar Samuel A. , Nkumsah‐Riverson Portia , Ainuson‐Quampah Joana
Published: April 2024

To estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) among undergraduate students in a public university in Ghana; to identify the factors associated with EDs and to explore the relationship between sociodemographics and developing EDs. A cross‐sectional design was employed to obtain data from 1101 students using the total enumeration sampling method. Information on sociodemographics was obtained and anthropometric measurements were self‐reported. The Eating Attitude Test was modified to obtain the prevalence rate. The factors associated with EDs and the relationship between sociodemographics and EDs were also assessed using a chi‐square statistical test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between sociodemographic variables and ED risk. A total of 1101 students participated in the study with a mean age of 21.87 ± 2.94, ranging from 16 to 43 years. About 7% of the students were found to have EDs, with the majority being female young adults. Factors found to influence EDs were peer/family pressure, stress, and body dissatisfaction. The association between psychological factors and EDs was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Gender (p = 0.011), course of study (p = 0.001), and level of study (p = 0.010) were sociodemographic variables associated with an increased likelihood of developing EDs. This study found the prevalence of EDs to be relatively higher than that estimated for Africa and non‐Western countries and almost as high as that of the Western world. This calls for urgent steps to be taken, including creating awareness and increasing nutrition education to reduce the incidence, if not completely nip it in the bud. Sociocultural factors and body image preferences were identified as core factors underlying susceptibility to EDs and hence will inform and guide intervention activities. This study will address literature gaps and provide baseline data on the prevalence rate of EDs in Ghana and Africa at large. Information from the study will aid dietitians/nutritionists in developing interventions suitable for persons with EDs. Most importantly, this study will refer individuals who may have EDs to seek the necessary assistance from qualified health professionals like doctors, dietitians, and psychologists.
The association of sex and gender with disordered eating behavior in youth with hypertension
Authors: Borra Gagana S. , Ravi Hanna L. , Perrin Ella C. , South Andrew M.
Published: April 2024

Females have higher disordered eating behavior (DEB) prevalence versus males in the general population, but no data exist in adolescents with hypertension (HTN). Our objective was to determine the association of sex and gender with DEB prevalence in adolescents with HTN disorders. This was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cross‐sectional study of adolescents aged 11–18 years with HTN disorders. We excluded patients with diabetes mellitus, kidney failure/transplantation, or gastrostomy tube dependence. We collected data via abstraction and surveys, including the SCOFF questionnaire. Our exposures were self‐reported sex and gender, and our outcome was SCOFF ≥ 2/5. We used bivariate generalized linear models. Of 74 participants, 61% identified as male, and 39% identified as female. DEB prevalence was 28%: 20% in males and 41% in females by sex and gender. Females had double the DEB risk versus males by sex (risk ratio [RR]: 2.07, 95% confidence level [CL]: 0.9996–4.28) and gender (RR: 2.02, 95% CL: 0.98–4.18), but both p > 0.05. Among adolescents with HTN disorders, while females had double the risk of screening positive for DEB versus males by sex and gender, the results were not statistically significant. Adolescents with HTN may benefit from routine DEB screening, especially those that identify as female, but larger studies are needed.
First federal action plan for suicide prevention released by administration
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: April 2024

The Biden administration on April 23 unveiled the launch of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention initiative, a bold new 10‐year, comprehensive, whole‐of‐society approach to suicide prevention that provides concrete recommendations for addressing gaps in the suicide prevention field, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) officials stated.
Therapy company in three states secures $72 million in financing
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: April 2024

A mental health therapy company that promises a much different treatment experience for both the patient and the clinician has secured a $72 million investment that is expected to finance expansion beyond its current operations in three states.
One versus two vein anastomoses in breast reconstruction with a profunda artery perforator flap—does it make a difference
Authors: Varnava Charalampos , Kueckelhaus Maximilian , Wellenbrock Sascha , Hirsch Tobias , Wiebringhaus Philipp
Published: April 2024

Background

The profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has gained popularity as a reliable alternative in breast reconstruction. Extensive research has focused on its vascular supply, dissection techniques, and broader applications beyond breast reconstruction. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the number of veins anastomosed for the PAP flap and postoperative complications.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of breast reconstructions with PAP flaps at our institution between 2018 and 2022. A total of 103 PAP flaps in 88 patients were included. Statistical analysis was performed to compare outcomes between flaps with one vein anastomosis and those with two vein anastomoses. Patient characteristics, intra and postoperative parameters were analysed.

Results

One vein anastomosis was used in 36 flaps (35.0%), whereas two vein anastomoses were used in 67 flaps (65.0%). No significant differences were found in patient characteristics between the one vein and two vein groups. The comparison of ischemia times between flaps with one versus two veins revealed no statistically significant difference, with mean ischemia times of 56.2 ± 36.8 min and 58.7 ± 33.0 min, respectively. Regarding outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences in secondary lipofilling, revision of vein anastomosis, or total flap loss between the two groups. Fat necrosis was observed in 5 (13.9%) one vein flaps and 5 (7.5%) two vein flaps, indicating no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = .313). In the one vein group, the most frequently employed coupler ring had a diameter of 2.5 mm. In the two vein group, the most prevalent combination consisted of a 2.0 mm diameter with a 2.5 mm diameter.

Conclusion

Based on our study results, both one vein anastomosis and two vein anastomoses are viable options for breast reconstruction with PAP flap. The utilization of either one or two veins did not significantly affect ischemia time or flap loss. Fat necrosis exhibited a higher incidence in the single‐vein group; however, this difference was also not statistically significant. These findings underscore the effectiveness of both approaches, providing surgeons with flexibility in tailoring their surgical techniques based on patient‐specific considerations and anatomical factors.
Dietary Hemin Remodels Gut Microbiota and Mediates Tissue Inflammation and Injury in the Small Intestine
Authors: Li Qian , Ke Weixin , Jiang Shuai , Zhang Miao , Shan Kai , Li Chunbao
Published: April 2024

Scope

Epidemiological studies have linked excessive red and processed meat intake to gut disorders. Under laboratory conditions, high heme content is considered the primary health risk factor for red meat. However, heme in meat is present in myoglobin, which is an indigestible protein, suggesting the different functions between myoglobin and heme. This study aims to explore how dietary myoglobin and heme affect gut health and microbiota differently.

Methods and results

Histological and biochemical assessments as well as 16S rRNA sequencing are performed. Moderate myoglobin intake (equivalent to the recommended intake of 150 g meat per day for human) has beneficial effects on the duodenal barrier. However, a too high myoglobin diet (equivalent to intake of 3000 g meat per day for human) triggers duodenum injury and alters the microbial community. The hemin diet destroys intestinal tissue and ileal microbiota more significantly. The in vitro experiments further confirm that free heme exhibits high toxicity to beneficial gut bacteria while myoglobin promotes the growth and metabolism of Limosilactobacillus reuteri.

Conclusion

Moderate intake of myoglobin or hemin is beneficial to intestinal health and microbiota, but too high amounts lead to tissue inflammation and injury in the small intestine by reshaping ileal microbiota.
A method to enhance the accuracy of radio frequency power measurements in particle accelerator high‐frequency systems
Authors: Fanjian Zeng , Liepeng Sun , Longbo Shi , Kean Jin , Liang Lu , Wei Ma , Guirong Huang
Published: April 2024

This letter presents a method for accurately calculating radio frequency (RF) power in a standing wave transmission line system. The proposed approach utilizes two directional couplers in conjunction with a low‐level radio frequency control system. RF power is determined through the application of proposed equations derived from amplitude and phase measurements of coupling signals obtained from the two directional couplers. Experimental validation of the method is conducted using two directional couplers with directivities of 26 and 28 dB, respectively, operating at 162.5 MHz across the entire wavelength. Results indicate that employing a single directional coupler yields average power errors of approximately 6.6% and 5.8%, respectively. However, by implementing the proposed method, the measurement error can be reduced to approximately 1.0%.
A single ALS center experience with clinical use of sodium phenylbutyrate‐taurursodiol
Authors: Quinn Colin , Baer Michael , Amado Defne A. , Kelley Mary , Elman Lauren
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Aims

The aim of this study was to examine clinical utilization and discontinuation rates of sodium phenylbutyrate‐taurursodiol (PB‐TURSO) in a single Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) center. PB‐TURSO was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2022. Prior experience has been limited to clinical trials or expanded access protocols. In this manuscript, we discuss insurance approval rates, patient uptake, and discontinuation of PB‐TURSO in a large academic center.

Methods

Records of patients seen for clinical visits between January 2022 and May 2023 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics of our clinic population and those initiating PB‐TURSO were obtained from our clinical database.

Results

A total of 228 patients were seen during the observation period and 122 requested PB‐TURSO prescriptions. 77% (94) were approved by insurance. 66% (65) of those who were approved or received free drug chose to start medication. 51% (34) of those who initiated PB‐TURSO continued to take it through the end of the observation period. Four patients discontinued due to death during the observation period. Of the 29 patients who survived and discontinued, the main reasons for discontinuation were GI symptoms (17, 58.6%) and taste (8, 29.6%).

Discussion

PB‐TURSO was approved by insurance for most patients. The discontinuation rate was high and was driven largely by GI side effects and taste. Future considerations would include deeper examination of demographic trends, patient costs, side effects, and potential benefits in clinical practice.
m‐AGC tangent visco‐plastic operator with hardening/softening, and application to the visco‐plastic relaxation analysis of stable and unstable problems using fracture‐based geomechanical interfaces
Authors: Jaqués Irene , Carol Ignacio
Published: April 2024

A previous perfect visco‐plastic constitutive formulation of the Perzyna type incorporating the concepts of prescribed stress increments and m‐AGC tangent operator (m‐Assumed algorithmic generalized compliance tangent operator) is extended to the case of Hardening/Softening (H/S). This extension is possible thanks to the closed‐form solution developed for the evolution of the loading function during a visco‐plastic time step. The formulation is then applied to constitutive modeling of zero‐thickness interfaces on the basis of a well‐established fracture‐based elasto‐plastic formulation, which in this manner is extended to visco‐plasticity. The resulting model is implemented in the finite element (FE) and small‐strain context by using both a standard Newton Raphson scheme for physical visco‐plasticity in which visco‐plastic time corresponds to physical time, and a Visco‐Plastic Relaxation (VPR) scheme, in which time corresponds to a fictitious time governing the transition from the elastic to the inviscid elasto‐plastic response. The numerical implementation is verified satisfactorily for common loading cases at interfaces such as pure tension (mode I) opening and shear‐compression (mixed‐mode) cracking/sliding, showing that the visco‐plastic results match the predictions of the fracture mechanics inviscid model in the long term. In addition, it is also shown that the VPR strategy developed is capable of providing temporary stability while the equilibrium path is recovered during instability events such as a snap‐back in the load‐displacement curve. This feature opens the door to a number of potential advanced applications of the formulation developed in the geomechanical context.
Discovery of PSMA in the prostate of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Peters Diane E. , Brownlee Michael , Layne‐Colon Donna , Slusher Barbara S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a biomarker and therapeutic target of high relevance in prostate cancer. Although upregulated PSMA expression is a well‐documented feature of prostatic neoplasia in both humans and canids, to date humans are the only species known to express PSMA basally in the prostate. Thus, traditional laboratory animal species have limited utility for studying PSMA biology in the prostate or for predicting efficacy or toxicity of PSMA‐targeted agents.

Methods

PSMA expression in human, macaque, and marmoset prostates was determined by immunohistochemistry, employing an antibody with validated cross‐species reactivity in a PSMA‐positive control tissue; kidney.

Results

We newly discover that the common marmoset endogenously expresses PSMA in non‐diseased prostate, similar to humans, and thus may be a valuable preclinical model for researchers studying PSMA.