bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐159: Color Smart Window Based on polymer‐sustained Conical Helix of Cholesteric
Authors: Joshi Vinay , Paterson Daniel A. , Storey John. M.D. , Imrie Corrie T. , Chien Liang -Chy
Published: June 2018

A color smart window enabling an electrically‐switched color across the visible spectrum based on polymer‐sustained conical helix structure of a cholesteric liquid crystal is demonstrated. The proposed color reflective display is low in operation voltage, reversible and low‐hysteresis in color switching via electric field ramping, and wide color gamut due to narrow spectral bandwidth.
P‐160: Viewing Angle Controllable LCD with Specified Array Structure for Ultra High Definition Display
Authors: Wang Linlin , Jiang Limei , Su Zifang , Qiao Yanbin , Liao Peter , Chung Smart
Published: June 2018

This paper provides a specified array structure for ultra high definition TFT‐LCD displays with adjustable angle of view. The simulation results clarified that by applying signals to individual electrodes, large phase retardation is proposed, which generates severe light leakage at the off‐axis direction blocking main displayed image.
P‐166: Optimization of OLED Microcavity Design and Fabrication for Light Field Display
Authors: Peckham Jordan , Cheng Jiaqi , Ward Andrew , Campbell Jennifer , Krause Katie , Bachman Danny , Rutledge Steve , Biswas Tushar , Mohammadpour Arash , Haas Wally
Published: June 2018

Control of the emission characteristics of a light source in a light field display poses a significant benefit in the resulting 3D display quality. The design of microcavity OLEDs is detailed, including FDTD optimizations. The resulting output profiles for the microcavity OLEDs are compared to standard OLEDs and the designs.
48‐2: Electronic Paper 2.0: Frustrated eTIR as a Path to Color and Video
Authors: Fleming Robert , Peruvemba Sri , Holman Robert , Ferguson Scott , Sadlik Bram , Johansson Thomas
Published: June 2018

Reflective display technologies including LCD, electrowetting, electrophoretic, and MEMS are being sought after in low power display applications. One of the major barriers to broad market adoption has been the difficulty in developing displays capable of video speeds and reflected brightness high enough to achieve full color. This paper will review the progress of a novel electrophoretic display capable of video level switching speeds and full color using low cost color filters.
46‐2: Invited Paper: Ultimate Resolution Active Matrix Display with Oxide TFT Backplanes for Electronic Holographic Display
Authors: Hwang Chi-Sun , Kim Yong-Hae , Yang Jong-Heon , Choi Ji Hun , Pi Jae-Eun , Kim Gi Heon , Hwang Chi-Young , Choi Kyunghee , Kim Hee-Ok , Lee Won-Jae , Park Sang-Hee Ko , Kim Jinwoong
Published: June 2018

Oxide TFT backplane with 1μm channel length was developed for the application to electronic holographic display. Spatial light modulator (SLM) panel with 3μm pixel pitch was designed and successfully fabricated. The resolution of SLM panel was 16K by 3.2K and the diagonal length of active area was 2 inch. Fabricated SLM panel was ECB mode reflective type LCD panel, which could modulate the phase of incident light more than 2π. 3D image was successfully reconstructed with fabricated SLM panel. Vertical channel oxide TFTs are proposed for the switching device of 1μm pixel pitch. Oxide TFTs with ultra short channel length can be an enabler of the active matrix display with ultimate resolution.
44‐1: Distinguished Student Paper: Motion‐blur‐free LCD for High Resolution Virtual Reality Displays
Authors: Gou Fangwang , Chen Haiwei , Li Ming-Chun , Lee Seok-Lyul , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2018

A new liquid crystal display device with fast response time, high transmittance, and low voltage for virtual reality is reported. When driven at 90Hz with 17% duty ratio, the motion picture response time is 1.5 ms, similar to CRT, leading to indistinguishable motion blur. Moreover, this device enables high resolution density because only one thin‐film transistor per pixel is needed and it has a built‐in storage capacitor.
43‐1: Tri‐stable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Smart Window
Authors: Li Cheng-Chang , Tseng Heng-Yi , Chen Chun-Wei , Wang Chun-Ta , Jau Hung-Chang , Wu Yu-Ching , Hsu Wen-Hao , Lin Tsung-Hsien
Published: June 2018

This work demonstrated a tri‐stable cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) with multi‐electrode driving. Compare to previous device, the tri‐stable CLC can be switched between transparent, absorption and scattering state, giving rise to the applications in multi‐function, multi‐stable smart windows.
P‐187: Ultra‐smooth Silver Nanowires Flexible Transparent Electrode for Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Dong Jun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong-Kwon
Published: June 2018

Ultra‐smooth, conductive, and uniform flexible transparent composite film is produced by embedding silver nanowires (AgNWs) into polyvinyl butyral(PVB) without high‐temperature/pressure annealing. The sheet resistance of the PVB/AgNWs composite film reaches 25 ohm/sq with a transmittance of 92%.
P‐190: Investigation on the OGS Mura of Black Matrix after Sunlight Aging
Authors: He Xiao-yue , Yang Hong , Shao Xi-bin , Guo Zong-jie , Xie Tao-feng , Zhang Lei , Wang Qing-pu , Fan Wen-jin , Wu Lin-yan , Tong Yao
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the chromatic of black matrix after sunlight aging in the process of OGS ( one glass solution ) touch panel manufacturing was studied. The NG area was judged by appearance and metallographic microscope. Different etching time and UV light on the influence of the black matrix was designed to measure the reflectance, transmittance and optical density, etc. The thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature were characterized by thermo gravimetric and differential thermal (TG‐DSC) analysis. The BM material in the glass surface summoned up. It could be observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the theory on chromatic of BM after sunlight aging was proposed. Acrylic material would degrade under UV irradiation, and H icon in the etching paste promoted the reaction.
P‐194: Late‐News Poster: Self‐Aligned Double‐Gate Cu‐MIC Poly‐Ge1‐x Snx Thin‐Film Transistors on a Glass Substrate
Authors: Nishiguchi Naoki , Miyazaki Ryo , Utsumi Hiroki , Hara Akito
Published: June 2018

In this study, we fabricated p‐channel (p‐ch) poly‐Ge1‐x Snx thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on glass substrates using three key technologies. They are the self‐aligned double‐gate (DG) structure, metal‐induced crystallization using copper (Cu‐MIC), and aluminum‐induced lateral metallization source drain (Al‐LM‐SD). An amorphous Ge1‐x Snx film, which was prepared using a sputtering target with x=0.02 and 0.07, was crystallized by Cu MIC at 500 °C, and it was observed that Cu‐MIC enables us to fabricate a high‐quality poly‐Ge1‐x Snx thin film. The self‐aligned DG Cu‐MIC p‐ch poly‐Ge1‐x Snx TFTs, with x=0.02 and 0.07, achieved mobility of 18 and 25 cm2/Vs, respectively. Our proposed p‐ch TFT will facilitate fabrication of hybrid CMOS with n‐ch indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide TFT.
42‐2: Invited Paper: OptRod: A Shape‐Free and Multi‐Functional Display System Operated by Projected Images
Authors: Itoh Yuichi , Shirai Ryo , Ueda Shori , Fukamachi Taichi , Yamashita Mayu , Onoye Takao
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we propose OptRod, a shape‐free and multi‐functional display system operated by projected images. A PC generates images as control signals and projects them to the bottom of OptRods by a projector or LCD. An OptRod receives the light and converts its brightness into a control signal for the attached output device. By using multiple OptRods, the PC can simultaneously operate many output devices without any signal lines. Moreover, we can arrange surfaces of various shapes easily by combining multiple OptRods. OptRod supports various functions by replacing the device unit connected to OptRod.
P‐206: Late-News Poster: The LCD Technology Development and Application with an Improved Black Photo Spacer Structure
Authors: Zhang Yihe , Liu Minggang , Ye Yanxi , Deng Zhuming , Cao Wu , Li Xuan , Lin Yunglun , Chiu Chungyi , Zhou Hang
Published: June 2018

A novel Black Photo Spacer (BPS) structure is demonstrated. Using the BPS technology BM (Black Mask) can be integrated into the PS. which saves material, mask, machine and time cost. To improve stability, we use a full tone mask design. A 28‐inch display using BPS technology is demonstrated.
5‐2: Gate Driver Circuits for Internal Compensation Type OLED Display with High Mobility Oxide TFT
Authors: Kim Dae Hwan , Koo Hyung Joon , Kang Min-Gu , Chun Kwang Il , Choi Uyhyun , Ko Younghyun , Jeon Jeyong , Jeong ChanYong , Jang Yong Ho , Bae Jong Uk , Park Kwon-shik , Yoon Soo Young , Kang In Byeong
Published: June 2018

The self‐compensating pixel circuit and the gate driver are fabricated with high mobility (~50cm2/Vs) oxide TFTs. In order to improve operating margin against negative shift of Vth in GIP circuit, the circuit utilizes two low‐voltage‐level signals. Also, the design of the EM driver to be controlled by the scan driver reduces the bezel size. Our 5.5‐in. FHD OLED display panel on PI substrate shows good uniformity and long‐term stability with saturation behavior of clamping voltage in GIP circuit under operation at 60°C for over 1,000 hours.
6‐1: Distinguished Paper and Invited Paper: Design Strategies for Materials Showing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Beyond: Towards the Fourth‐generation OLED Mechanism
Authors: Yersin Hartmut , Mataranga-Popa Larisa , Li Shu-Wei , Czerwieniec Rafal
Published: June 2018

Design strategies for TADF molecules are discussed and a new emitter concept based on an almost “zero‐energy‐gap” is developed. Thermal activation is not substantial. Applied in an OLED, all singlet and triplet excitons are harvested directly in the lowest singlet state without time‐delaying TADF. This landmarking mechanism, being beyond TADF, leads to emission decay times in the sub‐µs range.
10‐1: Towards Varifocal Augmented Reality Displays using Deformable Beamsplitter Membranes
Authors: Dunn David , Chakravarthula Praneeth , Dong Qian , Akşit Kaan , Fuchs Henry
Published: June 2018

Growing evidence in recent literature suggests gaze contingent varifocal Near Eye Displays (NEDs) are mitigating visual discomfort caused by the vergence‐accommodation conflict (VAC). Such displays promise improved task performance in Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications and demand less compute and power than light field and holographic display alternatives. In the context of this paper, we further extend the evaluation of our gaze contingent wide field of view varifocal AR NED layout [1] by evaluating optical characteristics of resolution, brightness, and eye‐box. Our most recent prototype dramatically reduces form‐factor, while improving maximum depth switching time to under 200 ms.
11‐4: Novel Switching Display using R/G/B Quantum Rods for Wide Color Gamut
Authors: Kim Byunggeol , Kim Kyunam , Woo Sungil , Jang Kyungkook , Lee Taeyang , Kim Wyyong
Published: June 2018

Recently, Interest of wide color gamut for display market is growing higher than before. So, many companies have been developing the materials of high color purity. Because the wavelength and Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of materials are the most important factors for wide color gamut display, we have focused on developing the narrow FWHM of materials. The Quantum Rod is adjusted to have a narrow FWHM. We propose the possibility of new display, by applying red, green and blue quantum rods that show external electric field‐induced fluorescence switching property. We synthesized red, green and blue quantum rods respectively in different ways to achieve high performance in the device. Also, we aligned the quantum rods by applying electric field to improve the switching performance. Finally, we demonstrated the field‐induced fluorescence switching by applying electric field for each color on unit devices.
14‐4: Optical Characteristics of Flexible Display Light Sources with Arbitrary Curvatures
Authors: Käläntär K , Maeda Shuichi
Published: June 2018

New emerging flexible light sources (FLS) have a variety of features that boost their usage. The issues of FLSs with small radii are resolved for arbitrary curvatures and the differences between flat and curved light sources are explained. We found that the change in curvature radius of a FLS, either convex or concave, results a defocus issue, a change in emission surface, a variation of luminous intensity distribution and a change in etendue of the FLS. The effect of curvature on the optical properties of curved OLEDs as FLSs are verified in experiments.
17‐2: Shearing Bragg Gratings for Slim Mixed Reality
Authors: Travis Adrian , Clegg James , Jeong Jinsoo , Georgiou Andreas
Published: June 2018

We suggest a mixed reality display in which the eye‐box follows the eye's pupil by shearing of the holographic combiner. Tests on Bragg gratings show a switching extinction ratio of 35:1 for an extrapolated shear of several microns and switching energy of milliJoules or less.
22‐1: Distinquished Paper and Invited Paper: Live Delivery of Neurosurgical Operating Theatre Experience in Virtual Reality
Authors: Salmimaa Marja , Kimmel Jyrki , Jokela Tero , Eskolin Peter , Järvenpää Toni , Piippo Petri , Müller Kiti , Satopää Jarno
Published: June 2018

A system for assisting in microneurosurgical training and for delivering a live surgical experience was developed and experimented in hospital premises. An interactive neurosurgery experience from the operation theatre was presented together with associated medical content on virtual reality eyewear of remote users. Details of the 360‐degree capture, signal delivery, and display systems are presented, and the presence experience and the visual quality questionnaire results are discussed.
17‐4: DigiLens AR HUD Waveguide Technology
Authors: Waldern Jonathan David , Grant Alastair John , Popovich Milan Momcilo
Published: June 2018

DigiLens Switchable Bragg Gratings enable digitally reconfigurable waveguides with form factors and field of view surpassing those of competing technologies. DigiLens waveguides can be laminated to integrate functions such as color displays and eye‐tracking seamlessly with minimal impact on form factor. Features and benefits of this breakthrough technology are reviewed.
19‐2: Distinquished Student Paper: Transparent AMOLED Display Driven by Split Oxide TFT Backplane
Authors: Lee Suhui , Chen Yuanfeng , Kim Hyomin , Kim Jeonggi , Jang Jin
Published: June 2018

We have developed stable and high performance etch‐stopper (E/S) a‐IGZO TFT by using split oxide semiconductor layer. The a‐IGZO TFTs exhibit high mobility over 70 cm2/Vs and extremely stable under positive bias temperature stress. In this work we demonstrated a 4 inch transparent AMOLED using oxide TFT backplane with split active layer, where the gate driver is integrated.
20‐3: Novel Host‐Guest System for Drastic Improvement in the Lifetime of a Deep‐Red OLED that Satisfies the Red Chromaticity of the BT.2020 Standard
Authors: Kido Hiromitsu , Yamaguchi Tomoya , Inoue Hideko , Sasaki Toshiki , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Seo Satoshi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2018

We developed a novel host‐guest system that increases the lifetime of a deep‐red phosphorescent OLED covering the wide color gamut of the BT.2020 standard. An OLED that employs this host‐guest system has a ~5.4 times longer lifetime than an OLED that employs the conventional system.
20‐4: Dipole Orientation Measurement Method by Time Resolved Photoluminescence
Authors: Ko Ik Jang , Lee Hyuna , Park Jin Hwan , Kim Gyeong Woo , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: June 2018

In this study, we report a new molecular dipole orientation measurement method by simply measuring photolumincence exciton decay rate with time resolved equipment in the film state. Our measurement method is very simple, universal and reliable to measure the dipole orientation in any OLED molecules.
25‐3: HDR Solution; Dynamic Drive on LED Video Screens
Authors: Bravo Jorge Perez
Published: June 2018

High Dynamic Range (HDR) visual capability is becoming a key feature on display screens and an important factor on how displays are being specified; often referenced as quality of the video performance. Before, important factors in how a screen looks were contrast ratio, color accuracy that included bit depth, refresh rates, and resolution. Now we are looking at how more “brightness” can be added without over‐illumination of the colors providing a much wider dynamic range and a more natural effect. HDR expands the range of both contrast ratio and color bit depth significantly. Bright parts of the image will be much brighter, so the image seems to have more “depth.” Separately “specular highlights can be presented to the viewer dramatically emulating real world visual effects. Colors get expanded showing brighter natural colors. A wider color gamut comes along with HDR bringing more colors making the images more real. To make HDR work, both the video source (content) and the screen have to go side by side. The Screen should be able to produce more light than it normally does in certain areas of the image. The content is becoming now standard in the industry that some streaming video services and physical discs are offering HDR. How to make it work with LED screens?
25‐4: Visibility Evaluation of Direct‐Bonded Signage Display for Outdoor Use
Authors: Kasuya Kenta , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Tsushima Hitoshi , Uehara Shinichi , Endo Yukio , Fukui Takashi
Published: June 2018

Technology of the direct bonded signage display that we developed can easily convert a glass space to digital signage by spot construction. For evaluating its outdoor visibility, we built an artificial ambient illumination environment of 10000 lux, and evaluation methods for bright conditions considering contrast sensitivity function. We found improved contrast ratio of 1.2 times and visibility of gradation difference.
8‐3: An Evaluation Methodology for Display Retention Measurement
Authors: Kim Jiman , Choi Kyuha , Jung Seongwoon , Langehennig James , Lee Dongbae , Min Byungseok
Published: June 2018

Image retention is a defect related with all types of displays, but testing for it has not been redefined since the early years of TV. As the era of HDR approaches, new test procedures for determining the degree of image retention in modern consumer display products needs to be undertaken.
9‐4: Low Leakage Organic Backplanes for High Pixel Density Optical Sensors
Authors: Banach Mike , Markham Steve , Agaiby Rouzet , Too Patrick
Published: June 2018

We present organic thin film transistors (OTFT) with leakage currents below 10−17 A/µm and compare them to existing TFT technologies. The impact of low leakage on the dynamic range of an optical sensor was modelled to demonstrate its benefit to the performance of 500ppi device.
28‐4: Design of High Reliability a‐Si:H TFT Gate Driver with Threshold Voltage Compensation on TFT‐LCD Application
Authors: Liu Po-Tsun , Zheng Guang-Ting
Published: June 2018

A hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin‐film transistor(TFT) gate driver on array (GOA) with threshold voltage compensation at the low level holding TFT and full time noise‐free for maintaining the high reliability has been proposed. The full‐time noise‐free part consists of an compensation circuit block and an pull down TFT with clock signal controlled. The method of threshold voltage compensation is the charge storage of capacitance with stress imitation TFT. Also, using single path for both charging and discharging with capacitive anti‐noise block can efficiently resist noise signal and diminish the using area The proposed gate driver has been successfully processed and the measurement result is fit on simulation. Moreover, the proposed circuit design has passed 800 hours reliability test at high temperature and 4200 lux back‐light with less degrade of performance.
29‐1: Invited Paper: Novel Alignment Layer, Insulation Materials and Color Photo Lithography Materials for Advanced LCD
Authors: Tokuhisa Hiroaki
Published: June 2018

The novel materials for advanced LCD are summarized in terms of the required properties especially for TV, mobile and etc. The required properties such as high transmittance and high resolution are reviewd from the view point of new materials of alighnment layer, insulation materials and color photo lythographic materials.
30‐1: Cyclopean Eye based Binocular Orientation in Virtual Reality
Authors: Xia Zhenping , Peli Eli
Published: June 2018

Currently the individual variability in the Cyclopean Eye's position is not considered when presenting virtual reality content. We proposed a novel perceptual space model for virtual reality content based on the location of the Cyclopean Eye. The proposed methodology may improve the immersive viewing experience and interaction accuracy between virtual reality system and individual user.
30‐4: Semantic Simultaneous Localization and Mapping for Augmented Reality
Authors: Yu Bing , Li Yang , Chen Chao Ping , Maitlo Nizamuddin , Chen Jiaqi , Zhang Wenbo , Mi Lantian
Published: June 2018

We propose a semantic SLAM for augmented reality, which combines SLAM‐based navigation and YOLO‐based object detection. Our solution is able to simultaneously create sparse map points and annotate them with detected objects. Our experiments are implemented with Nvidia's GTX 1080Ti on KITTI's datasets.
34‐2: The Benefit of Extensive Testing for the Development of Automotive Display and Head‐up Display Components
Authors: Boehler Pascal , Koester Sebastian , Kuhn David , Renz Tobias , Wittko Andreas
Published: June 2018

In this work we demonstrate that extensive testing is irreplaceable for quality improvement of automotive components and the validation of the degree of technical maturity. Measurement results of various development samples from Daimler AG are used to show uncovered deficiencies and thus improvements of the components.
35‐3: Invited Paper: An Electro‐optical OLED Model for Prediction and Compensation of AMOLED Aging Artifacts
Authors: Jiang Xingtong , Xu Chihao
Published: June 2018

For organic light emitting diode (OLED), degradation is one of the most critical issues of display applications. To overcome this demerit, a specific electro‐optical model valid for any aging state may be an effective method for interpretation and prediction of device performance. In this paper a model comprising an equivalent circuit and electro‐optical characteristic for OLED is presented. Parameters at various aging states were extracted from extensive lifetime tests. The model can determine the efficiency decay in dependence of the operation point and allows the pixel‐wise compensation of AMOLED aging artifacts.
37‐3: Invited Paper: Deep‐Learning based Approaches to Visual‐Inertial Odometry for Autonomous Tracking Applications
Authors: Menon Harsh , Ramachandrappa Aashik , Kesinger Jake
Published: June 2018

Recent geometric approaches to visual‐inertial odometry have shown impressive accuracy with real‐time performance in autonomous tracking applications in several fields including virtual and augmented reality (VR & AR) as well as robotics. But these methods are still not robust to challenging conditions due to their dependence on hand‐engineered features, heuristics, sensor calibration and manual synchronization (when using visual and inertial sensors). In this paper, we review the recent advances in deep learning based approaches to odometry and identify some future research directions.
39‐2: Highly Sensitive a‐Si:H PIN Photodiode Gated LTPS TFT for Optical In‐Display Fingerprint Identification
Authors: Zhou Xianda , Zhang Meng , Xu Yitong , Zhou Wei , Wang Kai , Nathan Arokia , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing , Ou Hai , Chen Jun , Deng Shaozhi , Xu Ningsheng
Published: June 2018

A hybrid optical sensor that is merged with the display driving, low‐temperature polysilicon thin‐film transistor (TFT) is reported. The sensor achieves a fill factor >70% and a photoconductive gain > 103%, which provides a promising solution for in‐display fingerprint identification.
PPh3 Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of 4‐Fumarate Substituted 3‐AcylCoumarins: A Cascade Reaction of 3‐Acyl Coumarin with Alkyne Derivatives
Authors: Saroha Mohit , Meena Kalawati , Khurana Jitender M.
Published: June 2018

A novel strategy has been developed for the stereoselective synthesis of 4‐fumarate substituted 3‐acyl coumarins. The cascade reaction between electron deficient alkynes like dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates and 3‐acyl coumarin has been achieved in presence of triphenylphosphine. This methodology offers an efficient one‐pot access to a new class of 4‐fumarate substituted 3‐acyl coumarins in high yields under mild reaction condition. The reaction proceeds in a highly stereoselective manner.
Natural Porous Biomass Carbons Derived from Loofah Sponge for Construction of SnO2@C Composite: A Smart Strategy to Fabricate Sustainable Anodes for Li–Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Yan , Cao Lu , Chen Chen , Lu Yang , Luo Rongjie , Yu Qiuhong , Zhang Yingge , Wang Yange , Liu Xianming , Luo Yongsong
Published: June 2018

The cheap, environment‐friendly and renewable biomass is a promising raw material to prepare the carbon‐based composites for the lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, the loofah sponge‐derived hollow carbon fibers (LDHCF) were obtained by the activation and carbonization process of biomass loofah sponges. The LDHCF with the porous structure shows the high surface area and active sites. When LDHCF were coated with SnO2 nanoparticles via the hydrothermal method, the SnO2/LDHCF composite as anode material exhibits a reversible capacity of 562.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 100 cycles and the columbic efficiency is 99.0% due to the good conductivity, buffer effect of LDHCF, and high theoretical specific capacity of SnO2. Such the structure not only proves a novel high‐quality carbon template/matrix, but also provides a preferable way to make sustainable anodes in electrochemical energy storage and economical multi‐functional carbon‐based hybrids available for other practical applications.
Eco‐Friendly C–I and C–O Bond Formation of Simple Alkenes: Direct Access to β‐Iodo Oxyamines
Authors: Sun Kai , Zhang Saifei , Liu Zhenhua , Lv Yunhe
Published: June 2018

A protocol has been established for iodine‐mediated C–I and C–O bond formation of alkenes, including vinylarenes, allylbenzenes, and simple heteroatom‐bearing cyclo‐ and linear alkenes. The approach provides a simple route to a series of structurally diverse β‐iodo oxyamines in moderate to excellent yields. The broad substrate scope, ease of large‐scale preparation, and potential for derivatization make this reaction attractive.
Reversible Supramolecular System of Porphyrin Exchange between Inclusion in Cyclodextrin and Intercalation in DNA by Change in pH
Authors: Notsu Shota , Sugikawa Kouta , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: June 2018

Under the coexistence of cyclodextrin and DNA in water, 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐pyridyl)porphyrin interacted with the cavities of two cyclodextrin molecules in a solution at an around neutral pH and intercalated into DNA under acidic conditions. The supramolecular phenomena occurred completely and reversibly owing to the change in pH.
Visible Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Arylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Aryldiazonium Salts
Authors: Kwon Su Jin , Jung Hye Im , Kim Dae Young
Published: June 2018

A visible light photoredox‐catalyzed C‐3 arylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates has been developed. The reaction was effectively accelerated using an inexpensive eosin Y as a photoredox catalyst under visible‐light irradiation without any other metal, oxidant, or additive. This approach offers a facile way to prepare 3‐arylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives with a wide range of functional group tolerance.
A Biogenic Photovoltaic Material
Authors: Srivastava Sarvesh Kumar , Piwek Przemyslaw , Ayakar Sonal R. , Bonakdarpour Arman , Wilkinson David P. , Yadav Vikramaditya G.
Published: June 2018

A proof‐of‐concept for the fabrication of genetically customizable biogenic materials for photovoltaic applications is presented. E. coli is first genetically engineered to heterologously express the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway from plants. This modification yields a strain that overproduces the photoactive pigment lycopene. The pigment‐producing cells are then coated with TiO2 nanoparticles via a tryptophan‐mediated supramolecular interface, and subsequent incorporation of the resulting biogenic material (cells@TiO2) as an anode in an I−/I3−‐based dye‐sensitized solar cell yields an excellent photovoltaic (PV) response. This work lays strong foundations for the development of bio‐PV materials and next‐generation organic optoelectronics that are green, inexpensive, and easy to manufacture.
β‐Cyclodextrin: A Green and Efficient Supramolecular Catalyst for Organic Transformations
Authors: Dalal Dipak S. , Patil Dipak R. , Tayade Yogesh A.
Published: June 2018

β‐Cyclodextrin is cyclic oligosaccharide possessing hydrophobic cavity, which binds the substrates selectively and catalyze number of organic transformations with high selectivity. It catalyzes the reaction by non‐covalent supramolecular bonding with reversible formation of host‐guest complexes as seen in enzymes. This account summarizes our efforts in designing a good number of important organic transformations using β‐cyclodextrin and its derivatives. These reactions were performed in neat, aqueous as well as organic media. Greener synthetic routes to a variety of biologically relevant organic molecules has been developed. The temperature, solvent and catalyst amount plays in important role in these reactions. β‐Cyclodextrin activates variety of organic compounds like aldehydes, ketones, anhydride, oximes, amines, nitriles and increases the rate of reactions.
Measurement of tear production and intraocular pressure in conscious captive European fallow deer (DAMA dama)
Authors: Pacheco Rebecca E. , Bauer Bianca S. , Sadar Miranda J.
Published: June 2018

Normal values for intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production in conscious cervids have not been reported to date. Based on trends in zoological institutions to perform non‐anaesthetized health exams, it is applicable to establish normal values in conscious animals, as anaesthesia and sedation can alter these parameters. The goal of this study was to estimate intraocular pressures using rebound tonometry and measure tear production values in a group of healthy, conscious, European fallow deer utilizing chute restraint. Evaluation of these values with regards to instrumentation and restraint variables will be assessed. Complete ophthalmic examinations, including estimation of IOP with rebound tonometry and measurement of tear production with Schirmer tear tests (STT) were performed on nine conscious European fallow deer (Dama dama) restrained in a chute. Correlations between IOP on the unspecified (P) and the equine (H) settings, as well as IOP and STT differences between left (OS) and right (OD) eyes were evaluated, in addition to assessment of correlations between right and left lateral recumbency on IOP and STT. Tear production measurements were 18.7 ± 5.1 mm min−1 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) range of 16.4–21.1 mm min−1. Intraocular pressure measurements for the P setting were 16.1 ± 4.5 mmHg with a 95% CI range of 14.1–18.2 mmHg, and for the H setting were 21.5 ± 5.1 mmHg with a 95% CI range of 19.1–23.9 mmHg. No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between OS and OD in any test. Neither left nor right lateral recumbency was found to have a statistically significant effect on IOP or STT. This study represents the first assessment of ophthalmic parameters in conscious fallow deer with rebound tonometry and STT.
Synthetic Access to Derivatized Mn‐Pyane as a Redox‐modulated Pool of SODm
Authors: Scheitler Andreas , Friedel Felix , Puchta Ralph , Dücker‐Benfer Carlos , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana
Published: June 2018

In this work, four derivatives of the pentaazamacrocyclic Mn‐pyane [pyane = trans‐2,13‐dimethyl‐3,6,9,12,18‐pentaazabicyclo[12.3.1]‐octadeca‐1(18),14,16‐triene] complex were synthesized and characterized, carrying small substituents at the pyridine ring that allow fine‐tuning of the manganese centered redox potential, without significant change to the overall complex arrangement that is crucial for a correct comparison regarding their superoxide dismutase mimetic (SODm) capabilities. The crystal structure of the seven‐coordinate OMe‐substituted Mn‐pyane complex was obtained. The synthesized complexes will serve for future investigations related to an effect of complex redox potentials on their mechanistic behavior within SOD catalysis.
Interaction of supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models with external higher spin superfields via higher spin supercurrents
Authors: Buchbinder I. L. , Gates S. James , Koutrolikos Konstantinos
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We consider a four dimensional generalized Wess-Zumino model formulated in terms of an arbitrary Kähler potential

$$ \mathcal{K}\left(\varPhi, \overline{\varPhi}\right) $$

K

Φ

Φ
¯

and an arbitrary chiral superpotential

$$ \mathcal{W}\left(\varPhi \right) $$

W

Φ

. A general analysis is given to describe the possible interactions of this theory with external higher spin gauge superfields of the (s + 1, s + 1/2) supermultiplet via higher spin supercurrents. It is shown that such interactions do not exist beyond supergravity (s ≥ 2) for any

$$ \mathcal{K} $$

K

and

$$ \mathcal{W} $$

W

. However, we find three exceptions, the theory of a free massless chiral, the theory of a free massive chiral and the theory of a free chiral with linear superpotential. For the first two, the higher spin supercurrents are known and for the third one we provide the explicit expressions. We also discuss the lower spin supercurrents. As expected, a coupling to (non-minimal) supergravity (s = 1) can always be found and we give the generating supercurrent and supertrace for arbitrary

$$ \mathcal{K} $$

K

and

$$ \mathcal{W} $$

W

. On the other hand, coupling to the vector supermultiplet (s = 0) is possible only if

$$ \mathcal{K} = \mathcal{K}\left(\overline{\varPhi}\varPhi \right) $$

K

=
K

Φ
¯

Φ

and

$$ \mathcal{W}=0 $$

W
=
0

.
Correlations and the ridge in the Color Glass Condensate beyond the glasma graph approximation
Authors: Altinoluk Tolga , Armesto Néstor , Wertepny Douglas E.
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We consider two-gluon production in dilute-dense collisions within the Color Glass Condensate framework, applicable to both proton-nucleus and heavy-light ion collisions. We go beyond the glasma graph approximation which is valid in the dilute-dilute limit and show the correspondence between the glasma graphs and the k

T
-factorized approach that we use in our calculation. We then identify the classical uncorrelated, and the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) and Bose enhancement correlated contributions, with the Bose enhancement contribution being suppressed by the number of degrees of freedom with respect to the uncorrelated piece. We show that both the HBT and the Bose enhancement pieces survive the inclusion of higher order contributions in density and that they stem from the quadrupole piece of the two-gluon inclusive cross section. Finally, we illustrate the results using a toy model that allows a simple numerical implementation.
Long-term quality of life improvement for chronic intractable back and leg pain patients using spinal cord stimulation: 12-month results from the SENZA-RCT
Authors: Amirdelfan Kasra , Yu Cong , Doust Matthew W. , Gliner Bradford E. , Morgan Donna M. , Kapural Leonardo , Vallejo Ricardo , Sitzman B. Todd , Yearwood Thomas L. , Bundschu Richard , Yang Thomas , Benyamin Ramsin , Burgher Abram H. , Brooks Elizabeth S. , Powell Ashley A. , Subbaroyan Jeyakumar
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Chronic axial low-back pain is a debilitating disorder that impacts all aspects of an afflicted individual’s life. Effective, durable treatments have historically been elusive. Interventional therapies, such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS), have shown limited efficacy at best. Recently, a novel treatment, 10 kHz SCS, has demonstrated superior pain relief compared with traditional SCS in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). In this manuscript, we report on the long-term improvements in quality of life (QoL) outcomes for subjects enrolled in this study.

Methods

A prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (SENZA-RCT) was conducted. Patients with both chronic back and leg pain were enrolled and randomized (1:1) into 10 kHz SCS or traditional SCS treatment groups. A total of 171 subjects received a permanent SCS device implant. QoL and functionality measures were collected up to 12 months. The device remote control utilization, which is an indication of patient interaction with the device for adjustments, was collected at 24-month post-implantation.

Results

At 12 months, a higher proportion of 10 kHz SCS subjects had marked improvement of their disability (Oswestry Disability Index) to a “moderate” or “minimal” impact on their daily function versus the control group. The subjects also reported better improvement in the Global Assessment of Functioning, Clinician Global Impression of Change, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, compared to traditional SCS subjects. The 10 kHz SCS subjects also reported far higher rates of both driving and sleeping with their device turned on, as well as reduced reliance on their programmers to adjust therapy settings.

Conclusions

In addition to superior pain relief, 10 kHz SCS provides long-term improvements in quality of life and functionality for subjects with chronic low-back and leg pain. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01609972).
Influence of Heat Treatment on Defect Structures in Single-Crystalline Blade Roots Studied by X-ray Topography and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy
Authors: Krawczyk Jacek , Bogdanowicz Włodzimierz , Hanc-Kuczkowska Aneta , Tondos Anna , Sieniawski Jan
Published: June 2018

Single-crystalline superalloy CMSX-4 is studied in the as-cast state and after heat treatment, with material being taken from turbine blade castings. The effect of the heat treatment on the defect structure of the root area near the selector/root connection is emphasized. Multiscale analysis is performed to correlate results obtained by X-ray topography and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Electron microscopy observations were also carried out to characterize the inhomogeneity in dendritic structure. The X-ray topography was used to compare defects of the misorientation nature, occurring in as-cast and treated states. The type and concentration of defects before and after heat treatment in different root areas were determined using the PALS method, which enables voids, mono-vacancies, and dislocations to be taken into account. In this way, differences in the concentration of defects caused by heat treatment are rationalized.
Qualitätskriterien forensischer Ambulanzen des Strafvollzugs
Authors: Schwarze C. , Voß T. , Kliesch O. , Bauer A. , Braunisch S. , Feil M. G. , Fellmann H. , von Franqué F. , Freese R. , Gretenkord Y. , Huchzermeier C. , Jückstock V. , Klemm T. , Kroon-Heinzen H. , Martin R. , Pitzing J. , Wegner K. , Zisterer-Schick M.
Published: June 2018

Mit dem Gesetz zur Reform der Führungsaufsicht 2007 wurde forensische Nachsorge sowohl für ehemalige Patienten aus dem Maßregelvollzug als auch für Straffällige aus dem Justizvollzug verbindlich etabliert. Im Lauf der vergangenen zehn Jahre entstanden somit bundesweit forensische Ambulanzen des Strafvollzugs, welche den gesetzlichen Auftrag zu Behandlung und Betreuung entlassener Straffälliger länderspezifisch umsetzen. Hierbei handelt es sich teils um neu gegründete Ambulanzen, teils um bereits lange in der Behandlung von straffälligen Menschen tätige Einrichtungen, die ihr bisheriges Angebot um die Betreuung von Menschen unter Führungsaufsicht erweiterten. Diese heterogenen Ambulanzen haben sich seit einigen Jahren in einem jährlich stattfindenden fachlichen Austausch bundesweit vernetzt und Gemeinsamkeiten, Unterschiede und Besonderheiten in der Umsetzung des gesetzlichen Auftrags diskutiert. Angestoßen von der Diskussion um Mindeststandards in forensisch-psychiatrischen Nachsorgeambulanzen des Maßregelvollzugs 2014 entwickelte diese Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft der forensischen Ambulanzen des Strafvollzug Qualitätskriterien, die trotz verschiedener Länder- und Trägerspezifika gemeinsame inhaltliche und formale Parameter erfolgreicher ambulanter Behandlung zur Deliktprävention fokussieren. Der Artikel stellt das Ergebnis dieses Diskussionsprozesses mit den verabschiedeten Qualitätskriterien in den Kategorien Struktur‑, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität vor.
Navigation modes, operation methods, observation scales and background options in UI design for high learning performance in VR-based architectural applications
Authors: Sun Chengyu , Hu Wei , Xu Diqiong
Published: June 2018

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have been widely applied to the field of architecture education because of its unique immersion. There have been many researches on hardware and platform development in the world. However, there are relatively few on User Interface (UI) design. This is a study of UI design in VR applications applied in architectural education, which aims to improve users' learning performance. Through a previous study and other scholars' researches, four key factors have been extracted from the challenges of UI design in VR applications: navigation modes, operation methods, observation scales and background options. A set of experiments were conducted based on correlation analysis with 120 students of these four factors and learning performance. It is concluded that fishing mode with instantaneous movement is preferred rather than flying mode in HTC Vive navigation; the way of direct grasp in virtual operation performs better than the way of using an operational proxy in virtual construction process; a virtual observation scale close to body-and-mockup in real world performs best; contribution of a background environment in VR is not as significant as expected. In brief, the learning performances in a VR platform vary greatly with different UI designs.

Highlights With different UI designs, the learning performances in VR vary greatly. In HTC Vive navigation, fishing mode is preferred rather than flying mode. Grasp method performs better than proxy method in virtual construction operations. A virtual observation scale close to body-and-mockup in real world performs best.
Development of a Decision Aid for Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery in Transmen
Authors: Özer Müjde , Pigot Garry L.S. , Bouman Mark-Bram , van de Grift Tim C. , Elfering Lian , van Mello Norah M. , Al-Itejawi Hoda H.M. , Buncamper Marlon E. , Mullender Margriet G.
Published: June 2018

Background

As genital gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is a demanding and life-changing intervention, transmen should be able to make choices about the surgical treatment based on outcomes that are most important to them, while taking into consideration the concomitant risks involved.

Aim

Develop a decision aid (DA) for genital surgery in transmen (DA-GST) that can assist both transmen and health care professionals (HCPs) in making a well-informed decision about the surgical treatment.

Methods

A qualitative focus group study was performed. 5 Focus groups were organized with both HCPs and transmen. These were led by an independent professional moderator. Data collected during these focus groups were analyzed to provide content for the DA.

Outcomes

To develop content for a DA-GST.

Results

Data collected during the focus groups related to the treatment options, information deemed relevant by transmen, and the arguments for or against each treatment option. Collected items were divided into the following themes: outcome, quality of life, environment, sexuality, and beliefs.

Clinical Implications

The tool will be useful in assisting both transmen and HCPs in the shared decision-making process regarding genital GAS by exploring which domains are most relevant for each specific individual.

Strengths & Limitations

This DA was developed according to an iterative participatory design approach to fit the needs of both transmen and HCPs. Issues that transmen find important and relevant pertaining to genital GAS were translated into arguments that were incorporated in the DA-GST. The study is limited by the group that had participated. Not all arguments for or against specific surgical options may be covered by the DA-GST.

Conclusion

An online DA was developed to support transmen with their decision-making process concerning all surgical options for removal of reproductive organs and genital GAS.
Nonoperative Management of a Severe Proximal Rectus Femoris Musculotendinous Injury in a Recreational Athlete: A Case Report
Authors: Park C. Kevin , Zlomislic Vinko , Du Jiang , Huang Brady K. , Chang Eric Y. , Chang Douglas G.
Published: June 2018

This report describes a severe injury to the proximal rectus femoris (RF) muscle in a 37‐year‐old recreational athlete. This injury is a relatively rare occurrence in both the general and elite athletic populations. Acute and long‐term imaging and functional outcomes are described. This athlete was able to return to full activity without surgical intervention. Follow‐up imaging demonstrated gross healing of both complete (or near complete) muscle and tendon tears.

Level of Evidence

V
Septic Sacroiliitis in a 53‐Year‐Old Adult: A Case Report
Authors: Lou Jesse , Smith Eric B. , Mehnert Michael J. , Simon Jeremy I.
Published: June 2018

A 53‐year‐old woman with no significant medical history presented with 10/10 right buttock pain that radiated to the right groin. With no reported recent injury, the absence of fever, and no identifiable risk factors, an infectious etiology, including septic sacroiliitis (SSI), is at the end spectrum of the differential. SSI is a rare condition with nonspecific findings that can lead to major complications, including death. To our knowledge, there are only 4 recent major literature reviews on SSI, with most cases reported to have at least 1 risk factor or clinical sign indicating the possibility of an infectious etiology. The patient reported in this case had no identifiable risk factors; therefore, high clinical suspicion is needed to prevent debilitating consequences from prolonged infection.

Level of Evidence

V
Virtue Ethics and Natural Law Responses to Human Rights Quandaries in Business
Authors: SISON Alejo José G
Published: June 2018

This article is motivated by certain issues for which, in current Business and Human Rights (BHR) discourse, largely framed in terms of the Ruggie reports, no satisfactory solutions have been found to date. These quandaries refer to (a) foundational matters: the link between human rights law and ethics; (b) normative force: the obligatoriness of human rights claims on corporations; and (c) scope and content of human rights claims on corporations. Turning to the virtue ethics and natural law (VENL) tradition, we encounter the following possible responses: (a) positive laws, such as those concerning human rights, ultimately require a basis in natural law; (b) although the public use of the coercive force of law belongs to the state alone, its private use by non-state actors such as individuals and corporations may be legitimate in some cases; and (c) practical wisdom is necessary in the proper interpretation and implementation of human rights claims on corporations, taking into account relevant contingencies. The blending of BHR discourse with the VENL tradition is best captured in modern Catholic Social Teaching (CST). Although historically CST has adopted the VENL language, engagement with social issues in the modern world has enabled it to reach an understanding with rights theory as well, particularly in connection with business and the economy.