bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy-Based Debonding Model for Steel-Concrete Composite Structures
Authors: Wang Xiao Zhao , Song Xin Sheng
Published: March 2010

This paper present a energy-based modelling approches for interfacial debonding between steel and concrete. Steel-concrete composite structural member is considered as a generalized elastic body with both the applied load and the interfacial shear stress acting as boundary stresses, and the debonding is modeled as crack propagation along the interface. The energy relationship is discussed in the process of debonding and an energy-based criterion for steel-concrete composite structure is proposed. Following, the debonding process is analyzed through energy-based criterion. The analysis is first performed for special case with constant shear stress along debonded interface, and then for the general case with shear stress softening in the debonded zone. A direct correspondence between energy-based and strength-based analysis can be established for arbitrary softening behavior along the interface. Specifically, through the proper definition of effective interfacial shear strength, the conventional strength-based approach can be employed to give the same results as the much more complicated energy-based analysis.
Study on Figuration Techniques of Grades Extrusion for Making Metal Rubber Material
Authors: Yang Jian Chun , Liu Guo Quan , Bai Hong Bai , Wang You Yan
Published: March 2010

The figuration technique of grades extrusion for making metal rubber material is firstly put forward. Compared with normal uninterrupted extrusion technique, the elastic reversion of grades extrusion components increases 14.7%, so their elasticity is improved a lot. Measured by the static mechanics testing, the increment of bearing force at each height point is approximate 50N; it verifies that their mechanics property is excelled.
Analysis of Mesoscopic Interfacial Mechanics of RC Beams Strengthened with FRP
Authors: Xie Zhi Hong , Huang Pei Yan , Zhong Gen Quan , Deng Jun
Published: March 2010

Concrete is assumed as a three-phase composite material composed by aggregate, mortar matrix and the bond layer between them in mesoscopic. The damage constitutive relationships of the composed materials are determined. A local meso-model of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with hybrid FRP was established to investigate the crack propagation and failure modes. The results show that the deformation, damage and failure of the concrete occurred near the ends of the interface.
Comparative Research on the Effects of the Self-Healing Microcapsules on the Modal Properties of Composite Brake
Authors: Zhang Li , Ji Xiao Gang , Gong Yan Jue
Published: March 2010

This paper makes comparative research on the effects of the self-healing microcapsules on the modal properties of composite disc brake pads. The two groups of composite brake samples are studied that the material of one brake sample is implanted by the microcapsules and the other sample has no microcapsule. Firstly, the computational modal analysis method based on finite element analysis software ANSYS is adopted to calculate the modal parameters of the samples, and the inherent vibration characteristics of the structures are obtained. Then the experimental modal analysis method with hammer is carried out to identify the experimental value of the modal parameters of the samples such as natural frequency and damping ratio. Finally, the theory analysis and experiment results from these two different methods are contrasted and analyzed. It indicates that the addition of the self-healing microcapsule improves the vibration reduction performance of the composite disc brake greatly.
Study on TiCp/Al Master Alloy in Magnesium Matrix Composites
Authors: Teng Xin Ying , Zhang Deng Wei , Li Bo
Published: March 2010

Effects of aluminum content and sintering temperature on microstructures of TiCp/Al master alloy were investigated. The DSC results showed that reaction temperatures of the Al-Ti-C system were influenced by aluminum content. The average grain size of TiCp in the master alloy was 0.5～1μm with 40wt% Al content at 750°C sintering temperature. TiCp/AZ91 composites were fabricated through remelting TiCp/Al master alloy in magnesium alloy. Microstructural characterization of the TiCp/AZ91 composites showed relatively uniform distribution of TiC particulates in the matrix material and the hardness of the composites was improved significantly.
Research on Methods for Elastic Stiffness of Multi-Ribbed Slab Structure
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Dong Bo , Yao Qian Feng , Zhao Dong
Published: March 2010

Considering the influence of the flange and rib column, the equivalent model of multi-ribbed slab is set up by the theory based on the strengthening isotropism fiber. This model is simple, highly precise and strongly applicable through comparing analyzing results with test results. Besides, the calculated formulate is set up on the basis of the whole structural effect and space work, which offers the prerequisite for elastic time history analysis of the structure.
A Finite Element Model to Simulate the Cutting of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials
Authors: Li Gui Yu , Li Jian Feng , Sun Jie , Li Wei Dong , Song Liang Yu
Published: March 2010

In the present study, the finite element model of machining carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites with representative fiber orientation of 90 degree is established with the following developments: (i) a Johnson-Cook constitutive model of each component in the multi-phase composite materials; (ii) a failure model of the composite material based on physical separation criterion; (iii) the interface between fiber and matrix defined by a interaction. This simulating method can be developed to each kind of fiber reinforced composite materials.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Composite Materials TiO2/Ti-Al-MCM-41 by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
Authors: Guan Hao Yuan , Yang Xiao Cheng , Jin Sheng Ming , Yang Min
Published: March 2010

TiO2/Ti-Al-MCM-41 (TAM) with high Ti content (Si/Ti=6.2) was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of TiCl4 on Al-MCM-41 at low reaction temperature (423 K). The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (DR UV-vis). The results showed that Ti atoms were in tetrahedral coordinated in the framework of Al-MCM-41. Meanwhile, higher Ti4+ ions coordination and bulk anatase titania was observed in the DR UV-vis spectra. TAM still exhibited hexagonal p6m pore architectures, large specific surface area and narrow pore distribution. Catalytic activity of TAM for polystyrene (PS) pyrolysis has been investigated. The results showed that TAM exhibited high activity for the PS pyrolysis and good selectivity to liquid hydrocarbons of C5-C12 hydrocarbons.
Effect of Hollow Structure on the Electromagnetic Interfering (EMI) Shielding of Aluminum-Cenospheres Composites
Authors: Huang Xiao Li , Wu Gao Hui
Published: March 2010

The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMISE) properties are measured using coaxial cable method in the frequency range of 10 -1200MHz. EMI analysis indicates EMISE properties of these three types of composites is mainly influenced by the hollow structure of cenospheres, suggesting the common effects of reflection and multiple reflections mechanisms. On the other hand, the change of matrix from pure aluminum (1199) to aluminum alloy (2024) on EMISE properties can be negligible.
The Higher Order Asymptotic Fields for a Anti-Plane Crack in a Linear Functionally Gradient Material
Authors: Dai Yao , Zhang Peng , Zheng Zhao Quan , Tan Wei
Published: March 2010

The exponential and power material functions are often applied to functionally gradient materials (FGM). Obviously, it is of fundamental significance to study FGM with arbitrary material function. Because an arbitrary function can be treated as finite linear segments approximately, it is essential to research FGM with a linear material function. Crack-tip higher order stress and displacement fields for an anti-plane crack perpendicular to the direction of property variation in a FGM with a linear shear modulus along the gradient direction are obtained through the asymptotic analysis. The asymptotic expansions of crack tip stress fields bring out explicitly the influence of non-homogeneity on the structure of the stress field. The analysis reveals that only the higher order terms in the expansion are influenced by the material non-homogeneity. Moreover, it can be seen from expressions of higher order stress fields that at least three terms must be considered in the case of FGM in order to explicitly and theoretically account for non-homogeneity effects on crack tip stress fields.
Analyses on the Manufacture and Physical Properties of Electromagnetic Shielding/ Far Infrared Ray Nonwoven
Authors: Lin Jia Horng , Huang Yu Tien , Lin Chin Mei , Yang Yi Chang , Hsieh Chien Teng , Lou Ching Wen
Published: March 2010

According to the results, when low melting polyester fiber increased to be 20%, the electromagnetic shielding/ far infrared ray nonwoven obtained the optimum burst strength, maximum breaking force and maximum tear strength, and they were as follows: burst strength was 4.2 kgf/cm2; maximum breaking force was 153.59 N in the cross machine direction and 70.80 N in the machine direction; maximum tear strength was 215.77 N in cross machine direction and 117.07 N in machine direction; and optimum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) was 45 dB.
Mechanical Analyses of Repeatedly Processed Polypropylene/Carbon Fiber Composite Plates
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Chang Kuo Chen , Hsieh Chien Teng , Kuo Tung Lung , Lin Jia Horng
Published: March 2010

Polymer blending was used by adding different proportions (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %) of the short carbon fiber into the high impact polypropylene (PP) matrix to reinforce the matrix’s mechanical property. The carbon fiber was melt blended with the PP matrix. The mixture was repeatedly processed by the single-screw extrusion into chips, which later became the composite plate by the injection molding machine. In this study, the effect of the repeatedly process on the PP/Carbon fiber composite plate’s mechanical property was examined.
The tensile strength of the mixture having one process and six processes were 886 N and 857 N respectively. The impact strength of the composite plates processed for once was 334 J/m while that of the plates processed for six times was 325 J/m. The three-point bending of the composite plate processed once was 30 MPa when that of the plate processed for six times was 28 MPa. The more the times of the process, the weaker the composite plate’s mechanical property became. The carbon fiber was used to reinforce PP’s mechanical property. This study will be applied in the industry.
Research on the Surface Change of the Large Optic Plane Wafer In the Fast Polishing Process
Authors: Lin Jing , Yang Wei , Guo Yin Biao
Published: March 2010

This paper researches on the surface change of the wafer in the fast polishing process. Firstly, the revised skin model is used to analyze the pressure distribution when the wafer stays beyond the polishing pad. Secondly, using the skin model and the Preston Equation MRR=k×p×v, the material removal rate is simulated and the surface change is predicted when the large optic plane wafer both has the rotational movement and the linear translation movement. Thirdly, the experiment is done to verify the simulation and prediction. The experiment result is similar to the simulation result. The paper shows a designed movement to predict the surface change.
Effects of Tool Geometry and Workpiece Hardness on Surface Roughness in Finish Hard Turning of AISI 440C
Authors: Shi Zhen Yu , Liu Zhan Qiang
Published: March 2010

In this study, the effects of cutting tool geometry and workpiece hardness on surface roughness in finish hard turning of AISI 440C steel were experimental investigated. Four-factor (hardness, tool geometry, feed rate and cutting speed) two-level fractional experiments were conducted and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. This study showed that the effects of workpiece hardness and tool geometry on surface roughness are statistically significant. Especially lower workpiece surface hardness and larger tool nose angle resulted in lower surface roughness because that the surface hardness influences the workpiece’s flow stress and the tool nose angle changes the contact area between the cutting tool and workpiece.
Transient Dynamic Analysis of the Matching of Lengthened Shrink-Fit Holder and Cutter in High-Speed Milling
Authors: Zhou Hou Ming , Deng Jian Xin , Zhao Zhen Yu , Yang Shi Ping
Published: March 2010

Finite element model of the matching of lengthened shrink-fit holder (LSFH) and cutting tool is established and a milling force model is developed to predict the transient milling force exactly using back propagation neural network (BPNN). Subsequently, the transient dynamic characteristic of matching of LSFH and cutting tool is analyzed and the simulation result is obtained. Finally, the simulation result is verified with practical measurement and the results fit very well. The studies are important to optimum design and select the lengthened shrink-fit holder in high speed milling.
Preparation and Characterization of Well-Dispersed Nd1.6Eu0.4Zr2O7 Solid Solution and its Fluorescent Behavior
Authors: Tong Yu Ping , Wang Jing , Zhang Rui Zhu , Zhao Shun Bo
Published: March 2010

Well-dispersed Nd1.6Eu0.4Zr2O7 solid solutions were successfully prepared by a convenient salt-assisted combustion process using glycine as fuel. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, TEM and HRTEM. The results showed that the Nd ion can be partially replaced by Eu ion. The substituted product was still single-phase solid solutions and the crystal form remained unchanged. TEM images showed that the Nd1.6Eu0.4Zr2O7 solid solutions were composed of well-dispersed sphere-shaped nanocrystals with an average size of 30 nm, which is consistent with the value obtained from XRD patterns using the Scherrer formula. Moreover, the fluorescent characterization of the Nd1.6Eu0.4Zr2O7 nanocrystals at 385 nm upon excitation was carried out at room temperature, and the results showed that there were some intense and prevailing emission peaks located at 590-650 nm.
Performance Evaluation of Minimum Quantity Cooling Lubrication Using CBN Grinding Wheel
Authors: Li Chang He , Du Chao , Liu Guo Yu , Zhou Yan
Published: March 2010

In the grinding process, conventional method of flood delivering coolant fluid by a nozzle in order to achieve chip flushing, cooling, lubrication and chemical protection of work surface. However the conventional flood supply system demands more resources for operation, maintenance, and disposal, and results in higher environmental and health problems. Therefore, there are critical needs to reduce the use of cutting fluid in grinding process, and MQCL grinding is a promising solution. MQCL grinding refers to the use of cutting fluids of only a minute amount typically of a flow rate of 10 to 100 ml/hour which is about hundreds orders of magnitude less than the amount commonly used in flood cooling condition. The evaluation of the performance of the MQCL technique in grinding consisted of analyzing the behavior of the tangential cutting force, G-ratio, Surface morphology and roughness. The results presented here are expected to lead to technological and ecological gains in the grinding process using MQCL.
Research on Surface Machining System for Light Metal Thin-Walled Parts Based on Spherical Coordinate
Authors: Wang Shi Huan , Cai Zhi Gang , Lin Li Fang
Published: March 2010

Surface machining system based on spherical coordinate is present for the large thin-walled director sphere part turning, to improve the efficiency and quality of part machining. In this system, a thickness surface B-spline model is set up based on spherical coordinates, the space spiral path generation method is planned, row spacing angle is determined by scallop height and blunt radius of cutting tool, and back cutting depth optimization treatment and space spiral interpolation algorithm are present.
Enhancing Machined Parts Surface Quality by Using a Composite Material for Tool Body in Turning
Authors: Shewakh Walid Mahmoud
Published: March 2010

Surface roughness has a great influence on the performance of the mechanical parts and on the production costs. This paper discusses the possibility of enhancing the surface quality during face and straight turning by using a combined tool body material made of composite and steel compared with standard tool body material. The combined tool body material decreased the surface roughness of the machined part by 23% to 27%.
Experimental Investigations of Tool Wear Mechanisms in Machining 1Cr18Ni9Ti Stainless Steel
Authors: Yang Fa Zhan , Zhao Jun , Sun Cheng Liang , Meng Guang Yao
Published: March 2010

The purpose of this investigation is to recognize the wear mechanisms of cemented carbide tools in dry hard turning of stainless steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti). From the view point of machining, stainless steels are often considered as poor machinability materials. Turning tests were carried out by using a CA6140 lathe and a cutting force measuring device. For this purpose, both microscopic and microstructural aspects of the tools were taken into consideration. Meanwhile, the cutting forces are also measured in the experiment. The chips were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The machinability of 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steels is examined in terms of tool life and cutting parameter presented in this paper. Results show that cutting forces vary greatly with the experimental cutting parameters. Analysis indicated that tool wear mechanisms observed in the machining tests involve abrasion wear, thermal and fatigue shock wear and adhesive wear.
Ultra-Fine Grained Fe-32%Ni Alloy Processed by Multi-Axial Forging
Authors: Han Bao Jun
Published: March 2010

The Fe-32%Ni alloy was multi-axially forged at the temperature of 873K and strain rate of 10-2s-1, then the microstructure evolution in Fe-32%Ni alloy during deformation was investigated by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the grain size decreases with strain. The severe plastic deformed microstructure is characterized by the ultra-fine equiaxed grains and high internal stresses. The microstructure evolution mechanism is presented as the following: firstly, the dislocations accumulate as deformation bands in some directions with the progress of deformation; then the cellular structured subgrains are formed by continuous intersecting of deformation bands for the changing of strain path; eventually, the ultra-fine structured grains are formed by the subgrains rotation and the dislocations rearrangement.
An Experimental Investigation of Cooling-Air Grinding Performance
Authors: Liu Ye Feng , Zhang Hua , Zhao Huan Huan , Cai Yu Lin , Yao Jun , Huang Hai Tao
Published: March 2010

Cooling-air grinding is one of important green grinding technology. Cooling-air grinding performances for 40Cr are tested in this paper using cooling-air generator. Main performance influencing factors are tested and analyzed, such as air temperature, wheel granularity, amount of feed and so on. Cooling-air grinding results showed that roughness of surface of specimen can reach to precise grinding standard. So cooling-air grinding can replace traditional grinding in this experiment. This study for the promotion of cooling-air grinding application technology has important significance for reference.
Design and Motion Simulation of Floating Die Polishing Device
Authors: Xu Xiao Cun , Han Jian Wei , He Yan Gang , Qiu Hui , Yuan Zhe Jun
Published: March 2010

Since almost large die surfaces are free-form surfaces, currently, almost all of large die surfaces are manually polished, causing low working efficiency and stability of die surface quality. In order to overcome this barrier, floating polishing is a feasible polishing technology. In the paper, a new kind of semi-automation polishing device is designed for large dies, by motion simulation and dynamics analysis of the polishing device based on software of Pro/e and ADAMS, the feasibility of function of the polishing mechanism and dynamics character of the key part are studied, the results show that the device has advantages of multi-degree-of-freedom, free location and indifferent equilibrium, the device may reduce die makers’ labor intensity, and short die delivery time.
Crater Wear Modeling in Conventional Speed Machining
Authors: Bi Xue Feng , List Gautier , Sutter G. , Molinari A. , Liu Yong Xian
Published: March 2010

Wear modeling makes it possible to predict the evolution of wear profile and explain wear mechanism from process variables, such as temperature, pressure and sliding velocity etc. A composite crater wear model considering adhesive and diffusion wear is established by means of experiment and modeling in conventional speed machining. A series of cutting tests are performed to obtain wear profiles and corresponding process variables. The constants in wear model are fitted by regression analysis with crater wear tests. This crater wear model shows a good predictive capability in conventional cutting speed.
Comparative Study of the Process Fracture between Fine-Blanking with Negative Clearance and Conventional Blanking
Authors: Du Hong , Fan Wei Fu , Zhang Zhong Mei
Published: March 2010

The different separation mechanism of fine-blanking with negative clearance and conventional blanking under different blanking process are analyzed through fine-blanking with negative clearance and conventional blanking processing experiments on AISI-1045 steel. The fractography photographs in the different deformation regions, such as rollover zone, shearing band, fracture zone and burr zone are scanned by scanning electron microscope (SEM-JSM-6360LV). The place of fracture of fine-blanking with negative clearance has emerged into the middle of work piece not the undermost of workpiece, and the width of fracture band is as tiny as 50-100 micron. The smooth surface formed by the uniform plastic flow in the process fine-blanking with negative clearance, and the full course of finally toughness fracture have been analyzed in the final phase of ejecting in fine-blanking with negative clearance. From the perspective of material meso-damage, the fracture mechanism of special blanking process with negative clearance has been illustrated in details.
Acoustic Emission and Vibration Analysis of Process of Hard Dry Milling
Authors: Wang Xi , Yu Hui , Zhong Wei Wu
Published: March 2010

The monitoring of hard dry milling process is a key issue for ensuring better use of machine-tool capability,Finding a appropriate sensor and signal process method which is sensitive to changes of machining condition,is an essential step towards hard milling automation and computer-integration pursuing high productivity of system and quality of its products. In this study,Sensorial information from relevant sensors(accelerometer and Acoustic emission (AE))is processed by the wavelet transform and wavelet package transform,the result show that AE signal is sensitive to changes of machining parameter(machining velocity) in hard dry milling,but the vibration (acceleration) signal make a slowness responses to this .
Experimental Study on Relation between Tool Wear and Grinding Force for Shaping Diamond Tool
Authors: Zhang Zheng Mei , Zhang Jin Sheng , Gao Sheng , Lu Cheng Rui , Zheng Chun Ying
Published: March 2010

Based on orthogonal experiment design, a study on the one-fourth arc special-shaped surface of Lord Red granite was conducted, the relationship between cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth with tool wear rate and grinding force were analyzed. The research shows that tool wear rate and grinding force are basically reduced with the increase of cutting speed and aggrandized with the increase of feed rate and cutting depth. By regression analysis the empirical formulas of grinding forces are concluded, it is the theoretical foundation for on-line monitoring grinding force to optimize the processing parameters for machining irregular surface of granite.
The Influence of Integrated Strength on Bulging Cracking of Tailor Welded Blanks
Authors: Hu Qiao Sheng , Lin Jian Ping , Xing Dan Ying , Chen Ke
Published: March 2010

The uneven deformation can decrease formability of Tailor Welded Blanks (TWB).The integrated strength is a key factor that determines the uneven deformation besides the technological conditions. In this paper, the influences of integrated strength on cracking trend and cracking type are investigated through bulging simulation and experiments. It is proposed that the integrated strength should be considered as a crucial factor during the TWB designing. Reasonable integrated strengths matching of base metals can improve the formability of the tailor welded blanks and reduce the trend of cracking. In the case that the integrated strengths of base metals are significantly different, the cracking occurs in the weaker side and is parallel to the welded seam; while the cracking appears in the welded seam and is vertical to it under the condition that the integrated strengths match well. The corresponding technological measures can be adopted as the guidance for materials selection and reasonable matching in the designing.
A Bioreactor for a Pulsatile Circulatory Culture System
Authors: Xu Hui Rong , Sui Shao Chun , Wang Xiao Hong , Yan Yong Nian , Zhang Ren Ji
Published: March 2010

Bioreactor technology is a branched research area of tissue engineering. Dynamic culture environment mimicking in vivo pulsatile conditions could be achieved by bioreactor otherwise might not through static cultures. In this paper, we present a new type of pulse bioreactor which can provide arbitrary and easily adjustable circulatory flow conditions of 0 - 0.2 MPa pressure. The pulse amplitude range was 0 - 7%. The pulse frequency can be adjusted between 0 and 80 times/min. In addition, the new type of pulse bioreactor can be sterilized and dismantled easily. This bioreactor has been used in dynamic culture of assembled adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and shown promise in tissue engineering.
Analysis of Cutting Forces in Precision Turning Based on Oblique Cutting Model
Authors: Wu Wei Guo , Wang Gui Cheng , Shen Chun Gen
Published: March 2010

In this work, the prediction and analysis of cutting forces in precision turning operations is presented. The model of cutting forces is based on the oblique cutting force model which was rebuilt by two coordinate conversions from the orthogonal cutting model. Then the cutting field in precision turning was divided into two fields which are characterized as curve change and linear change on cutter edge and they were modeled respectively. Cutting field of cutter nose was modeled by differential method and its cutting force distribution is predicted by the proposed method. The predicted results for the cutting forces are in agreement with the experimental results under a variety of operation variables, including changes in the depths of cut and in the feedrate.
A Technical Study of Hole Drilling in Ceramics/FRP Laminate Composite Components
Authors: Lei Zheng , Zuo Wei Min , Feng Bao Fu , Yuan Jun Tan
Published: March 2010

Drilling process of the ceramic composite component (ceramics/FRP/aluminum alloy), as an example of similar ceramics/FRP laminate composite components, was studied intensively. According to the diverse machining properties of the composing materials of ceramic composite components, the special thinwall diamond core bit was developed, with copper based matrix of complex alloy and hot pressing process. Through machining competitive experiments, the feeding mode with constant pressure was determined. After analyzing the diverse hole defects, the process equipment with compressive pre stress was introduced to improve the hole drilling quality, with good validity proved theoretically by the finite element analysis and on this condition, water can be used as the coolant. The process technology presented in this paper can be used for hole drilling in similar composite components made of the same composing materials.
Experiment and Theory of Cutting Forces for Cemented Carbides Based Self-Lubricated Tool Embedded with Solid Lubricants
Authors: Song Wen Long , Deng Jian Xin , Yan Pei , Wu Z.
Published: March 2010

Four micro-holes were fabricated on the tool-chip contact area of the cemented carbide (WC+14%TiC+6%Co) tool face. MoS2 solid lubricants were embedded into the micro-holes to form self-lubricated tool (SLT-1). Dry machining tests on hardened steel were carried out with the SLT-1 self-lubricated tool, the SLT-2 tool with four micro-holes on the rake face embedded without solid lubricants and the SLT-3 conventional tool. The variation of cutting forces with cutting speed were tested by the Kistler force tester. The result shows that the three cutting force components of SLT-1 self-lubricated tool decreased obviously. They went down by 25-35% in comparison with those of the SLT-3 tool. And the three force components of SLT-2 tool decreased about 10-14% compared with those of the SLT-3 tool. Through the analysis of cutting force distribution theory and test results, the mechanism of cutting forces decrease was considered to be forming a self-lubricating film on the rake face which decreases the shear stress and the reduction of contact length between the chip and the tool.
Research on Tool-Chip Friction during Ti6Al4V Milling Process with Different Cooling/Lubrication Methods
Authors: Jiang Feng , Li Jian Feng , Sun Jie , Zhang Song , He Yong
Published: March 2010

Friction coefficient is an important index to evaluate the cooling and lubrication effects. In this study, the orthogonal milling experiments with different cooling/lubrication methods (dry, cutting fluid, MQL) were performed and the milling forces were measured to calculate the apparent friction coefficients with the mechanistic model. The effects of cutting parameters and cooling/lubrication methods on the apparent friction coefficients were analyzed.
Role of Chip Serration Frequency in Chatter Formation during End Milling Operation of Stainless Steel
Authors: Patwari Mohammed Anayet Ullah , Nurul Amin A.K.M. , Faris Waleed Fekry
Published: March 2010

Experimental investigations have been conducted on the chips and common types of discreteness in the form of serrated saw teeth (primary or secondary) have been identified. It has been observed that the chip formation process has a discrete nature, associated with the periodic shearing process of the chip during machining of stainless steel. Mechanism of formation of these teeth has been studied and the frequency of their formation has been determined. The different modes of the vibrating components of the vertical machining centre have been extracted by modal analysis and the vibration responses during cutting conditions have also been recorded using an online monitoring data acquisition system. It has been concluded from the findings that chatter is the outcome of resonance, which occurs in the system when the frequency of secondary or primary serrated teeth formation is approximately equal to or an integer multiple of the ‘prominent mode frequencies’ of the system components.
Prediction of Flank Milling Forces in Ruled Surface Impeller Machining
Authors: Li Ji Bo , Zhang Ding Hua , Wu Bao Hai
Published: March 2010

This paper presents a prediction model of flank milling forces in ruled surface impeller machining process with cylindrical, helical, end mills. Flank milling is widely used in machining objects such as gas turbines, impellers, fan vanes and all workpieces defined by non-developable, ruled surfaces. In the present paper, a short review on the development of milling force prediction is given first, and then a simple introduction about ruled surfaces is presented. Having defined the milling surfaces, flank milling forces with cylindrical milling cutters are analyzed. A cutting force prediction model of tangential, radial and axial is evaluated. The methodology allows prediction of average cutting load on the tool and workpiece, which can be used for cutting tool selection and chatter vibration avoidance. At last, the proposed model is demonstrated experimentally in milling an impeller with ruled surfaces.
A Soft CNCS on Windows-XP
Authors: Zhou Lei , Li Jian Gang , Yang Xiao , Li Ze Xiang
Published: March 2010

In this paper, a soft CNCS (Computerized Numerical Control System) works on Windows-XP operating system is presented. The comparison between soft CNC and traditional CNC system is discussed. The structure of soft CNC system is introduced as follow. The realizations of each real time module, such as real time path planning and interpolation, real time close-loop controller, real time safety detection, are introduced in detail. The real time tasks are based on a real time kernel. In the end, an application of the soft CNC system is realized on a 3-axis milling machine. The machining result shows it works well.
Research on Plastic Rolling Forming Process of Plate-Fin by Numerical Simulations and Experiments
Authors: Zheng Jian Ming , Xiao Ji Ming , Yuan Qi Long , Li Yan , Cheng Teng
Published: March 2010

A novel rolling method based on the traditional plastic rolling principle is introduced to solve the problems in the plate-fin machining process in this paper, such as technological complexity, fin falling, high rate of rejection, high cost and so on. The finite element simulation models of the rolling tool and workpiece are established according to the plate-fin plastic rolling principle. The plate-fin rolling process is simulated with Deform-3D. The state of stress-strain and laws of metal flowing are studied. The plate-fin rolling experiments are carried out by using industrial purity aluminum AL-1100. The fin appearance and characteristic parameters are consistent with simulation results. At the same time, the experimental results verify the feasibility of plate-fin rolling forming method and the accuracy of the numerical simulation results.
Assessment of Machining Characteristics of Austempered Ductile Iron
Authors: Polishetty Ashwin , Littlefair Guy
Published: March 2010

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is a modified Spheroidal Graphite Iron (SGI) produced by applying a two-stage heat treatment cycle of austenitising and austempering. The microstructure of ADI also known as “ausferrite” consists of ferrite, austenite and graphite nodules. Machining ADI using conventional techniques is often problematic due to the microstructural phase transformation from austenite to martensite. Machining trials consisted of drilling ADI-Grades900, 1050, 1200 and 1400 using inserted (TiAlN PVD coated) type drills. The cutting parameters selected were; cutting speeds [m/min] of 30 and 40; penetration rates [mm/rev] of 0.1 and 0.2; to a constant depth of 20mm. The machining characteristics of ADI are evaluated through surface texture analysis and microhardness analysis. These results indicate that microhardness is modified during machining and surface texture is improved using a cutting fluid.
Effect of Burnishing Process on Surface Characteristics of Particulate Reinforced Iron-Base Composites
Authors: Han Li Fa , Qu Sheng Guan
Published: March 2010

This paper presents an investigation on the surface characteristics of NbC particulate reinforced iron-base composites after burnished by a ceramic ball burnishing apparatus. The effect of relative parameters on surface roughness, surface micro-hardness and depth of hardening layer of composites is studied. The results show that after burnishing process the surface roughness of composites samples sharply decreases, and the surface micro-hardness increases relatively, and the depth of hardening layer accesses 0.120.16mm. Also, material’s burnishing mechanism is discussed, and the process parameters are optimized.
Thermal and Shear Characteristics Study of Various Mechanical Polishing Materials
Authors: Tsai Hung Jung , Chiu Shun Jung , Tsai Hung Cheng , Huang Pay Yau
Published: March 2010

Mechanical polishing is a primary technique for planarization of material surface in manufacture fabrication. Because the theoretical polishing mechanism is inadequately understood and because higher levels of polishing performance are desired, the investigation of experiment becomes more important. In this paper, a high precision polishing machine has established. With an improved design, a test rig can be easily used to simulate the mechanical polishing process and acquire the signals of polishing. The temperature-rise and shear force are measured for three different materials (i.e. copper, aluminum and silicon wafer) during mechanical polishing process. For the self-design test rig in the mechanical polishing process, its surface temperature is measured by T-type thermocouples screwed behind the polishing interface of the carrier. And shear force is measured by a load transducer mounted on the lever and connected with the polishing head. Furthermore, the roughness and particle size effects during polishing are demonstrated. The experimental results not only provide a good index to end-point-detection, but also increase the understanding of mechanical polishing process.
The Grinding Head Design in Non-Circular Gear Grinding Teeth Based on the Planar Regions Interference Inspection
Authors: Zhang Jun Ming , Li Jian Gang , Dong Zheng Kai , Li Ze Xiang
Published: March 2010

In the noncircular gear grinding methods using gear generator with form-grinding process, grinding headstock and workpiece may appear interference collision. The form-grinding radius selection problem based on the shaper has been discussed. Based on the designed grinding head, an effective form-grinding radius choose method and the head stock interference detection system has been established. This detection system is directly used in the grinder machining process; the solutions to the problems of both grinding head interference inspection and form-grinding radius selection in the grinding machine design process are introduced. In this paper, we briefly introduced the process for the design of inspection system and the relative algorithm of the method. Finally, The Program flow chart of the program design and implementation process was given and actual example of an outside triangle gear machining results is given, which validates the reliability of the system.
Numerical Investigation of Viscoelastic Flow and Swell Behaviors of Polymer Melts in the Hollow Profile Extrusion Process
Authors: Mu Yue , Zhao Guo Qun , Zhang Cheng Rui
Published: March 2010

The viscoelastic flow and swell behaviors of polymer melts in the profile extrusion process can significantly influence the performance and dimension of the final products. In the study, the viscoelastic flow pattern of a commercial low density polyethylene (LDPE) extruded through out of the hollow profiled extrusion die is investigated by means of finite element simulation. The mathematical model of three-dimensional viscoelastic flow and swell of polymer melts is established with a differential Phan-Thien and Tanner (PTT) constitutive model. A penalty method is employed to solve the non-linear problem with a decoupled algorithm. The computation stability is improved by using the discrete elastic-viscous split stress (DEVSS) algorithm with the inconsistent streamline-upwind (SU) scheme. A streamface-streamline method is introduced to adjust the swelling free surface of the extrudate. The essential viscoelastic flow characteristics of LDPE flowing through out of the hollow profile extrusion die is investigated based on the proposed numerical scheme. Both the redistribution of flow velocity and the release of stress are found to be the reasons for the swell phenomenon.
The Control Algorithm of Ultrasonic-Magnetorheological Combined Finishing for Rotary Symmetrical Aspheric Surface
Authors: Zhang Fei Hu , Yu Xing Bin , Zhang Yong , Lin Yong Yong , Luan Dian Rong
Published: March 2010

Concave aspheric surface with small curvature radius is difficult to fabricate by most of existing technologies. Ultrasonic- magnetorheological combined finishing (UMC) is a new technique for the ultraprecision machining of aspheric surfaces, especially for the ultrasmooth surfaces machining of small-radiuses concave surfaces and freeform surfaces. According to the characteristics of rotary symmetrical aspheric surface, path algorithms for UMC finishing have been developed. Propose and compare two kinds of polishing dwell time algorithms, and the derivation process and computer simulation result of the algorithms was also presented. The experiments using the control algorithm have been conducted, and the efficiency of algorithm is proved by experimental results.
Vacuum Dehumidifying Dryer for PET Chips
Authors: Lin Jia Horng , Hsing Wen Hao , Lin Ching Wen , Hsu Shao Lung , Lou Ching Wen
Published: March 2010

A Vacuum Dryer was designed by vacuum techniques and arc welding. SPE regulates that moisture content should be restricted to 0.02 % or lower; this Dryer was invented accordingly. It was put to test in 10 kg/cm2 hydraulic and dye penetrate tests. The result proved that it is efficient to limit moisture content within 0.02 % in various degrees (85 °C and 95 °C), pressures (100 Torr and 160 Torr) and materials (the new PET and the mixed PET). The mixed PET chips consist of 70 % new PET and 30 % recycled PET.
Failure Mechanism of Twist Drill in Vibration Drilling of Duralumin
Authors: Ma Li Jie , Wang Xi Bin , Liu Guan Jun , Chen Xi Qu , Fu Su Fang
Published: March 2010

Based on experiments of common drilling and vibration drilling on duralumin (2A12), the failure mode and failure reason of twist drill are studied theoretically and experimentally. The result shows that, compared with common drilling, the wear of clearance face and rake face decreases evidently during vibration drilling, and the wear of chisel edge and marginal point of twist drill hardly happens. Moreover the probability of drill breakage is very low during vibration drilling. However, if amplitude is bigger, the tipping of chisel edge often appears.
Study on Helical Drill Point Grinding with a Biglide Parallel Grinder
Authors: Zou Ping , Yang Xu Lei , Ai Ming Ze
Published: March 2010

With the raising demand of the manufacturing technology and productivity in recent year, many new type drills, such as helical drills, have been developed. However, three axis simultaneous motions of a cutting tool grinder at same time are needed when helical drill points are ground. In this paper, a biglide parallel grinder is presented. During helical drill point grinding process with this biglide parallel grinder only two axis simultaneous motions are required. Moreover, the relationships between the helical drill point parameters and helical grinding parameters are derived. As a result, the flank surfaces of helical drill points are described.
CMP Behavior of α-Alumina-g-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite Abrasive on Hard Disk Substrate
Authors: Lei Hong , Bu Nai Jing , Chu Feng Ling , Hao Ping , Hu Xiao Li
Published: March 2010

A novel α-alumina-g-polyvinylpyrrolidone (α-Al2O3-g-PVP) composite abrasive was prepared by surface grafting polymerization. The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) performances of the composite abrasive on hard disk substrate were investigated with a UNIPOL-1502 polishing machine. Analyses on the surface of polished substrate indicated that the α-Al2O3-g-PVP composite abrasive exhibited lower surface roughness, less scratch, and improved post-CMP cleaning performances than pure α-alumina abrasive under the same testing conditions.
Biomolecule-Assisted Synthesis of Ribbon-Like Sb2S3 Nanostructure
Authors: Yang Xin Yu , Xiang Wei Dong , Zhang Xi Yan , Liu Hai Tao
Published: March 2010

L-Cystine was successfully used as a novel kind of sulfur source to synthesize the nanostructure of ribbon-like Sb2S3. The nanoribbons were usually tens of micronmeters in length, typically 100-300 nm in width. The nanostructure of ribbon-like Sb2S3 were examined using diverse techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction, and high-resolution TEM.
Strain Gradient Plasticity Theory Based on Dislocation - Controlling Mechanism for Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Zhou Jian Qiu , Ma Lu , Zhu Rong Tao
Published: March 2010

Due to their dissimilar properties and different deformation mechanisms between grain interior (GI) and grain boundary affected zone (GBAZ) in the nanocrystalline (NC) materials, a two-phase composite model consisting of GI and GBAZ was developed and adopted to build strain gradient plasticity theory. Comparison between experimental data and model predictions at different grain sizes for NC copper shows that the developed method appears to be capable of describing the strain hardening of NC materials.
The Improvement of Generalized Particle Method for Nano-Materials Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Wang Zhen Qing , Yang Zeng Jie , Wang Yong Jun
Published: March 2010

A generalized particle molecular dynamics simulation (GP) method has been proposed by J. Fan to solve the multi-scale problems in nano-materials. Although the method has attractive features, its acceleration equivalency hypothesis doesn’t meet the actual situation. In this paper an improved GP method is proposed. It assumes that the potential energy of generalized particles is equal to the potential energy of corresponding atomic groups in nano-materials. The parameters of improved GP method rest with the atomic structural details and corresponding atomic potential energy function. And by using open-source molecular simulation software DL-POLY, an example to compare the MD and the improved GP methods has been proposed, in which the Improved GP method presents sufficient accuracy
Preparation of Y2Ti2O7 Nanocrystal by Sol-Gel Method and its Characterization
Authors: Chen Zhong Sheng , Gong Wei Ping , Chen Teng Fei , Xiong Guo Xuan , Huang Guo Lin
Published: March 2010

Y2Ti2O7 nanocrystals have been prepared at the calcining temperature of 700-900°C by using tetrabutyl titanate as starting materials and citric acid as chelator. The preparation process was monitored by XRD, FT-IR and TG-DTA analysis. Compared with traditional solid state reaction (SSR), the present used methods can prepare can Y2Ti2O7 nanocrystals at a relatively low temperature (750°C) and with shortened reaction time (dwelling time of 1 h). The morphology and averge size of as-prepared products were analysized by FESEM. Results showed that the as-prepared Y2Ti2O7 with good dispersibility and narrow size-distritution were all sphere-like; the average size was about 40-50 nm, Also, the obtained products had higher BET surface area (32 m2/g). These properties are very helpful for a photocatalytic catalyst to achieve excellent activity.
Fabrication of Gold Cap-Shaped Nano-Particle Films and Sensing Device for Bioanalytical Application
Authors: Cao Zhong , Liu Yong Le , Wu Su Xi , Gong Fu Chun , Long Shu , Zhang Ling , Takei Hiroyuki
Published: March 2010

The nano biosensors based on gold cap-shaped nano-particles like polystyrene and silica nanospheres have been successfully prepared on the substrates of disposable plate (96 wells) and miniplate (72 wells). The sensing film of carboxymethyl dextran layer was modified on the gold surface of the cap-shaped nano-particles. The corresponding micro-device with four channel of optical sensing system has been well constructed and applied to detection of anti-avidin D protein and biotinylated DNA molecules. The DNA hybridization reaction has also been real-time and parallel monitored in four channels, showing that the device possessed a nice reproducibility, which opens a promising bioanalytical application in practice.