bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem unified tropospheric-stratospheric chemistry extension (UCX) in GEOS-Chem Adjoint v36
Authors: Dedoussi Irene Constantina , Henze Daven K. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Speth Raymond L. , Barrett Steven R. H.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric sensitivities (gradients), quantifying the atmospheric response to emissions or other perturbations, can provide meaningful insights on the underlying atmospheric chemistry or transport processes. Atmospheric adjoint modelling enables the calculation of receptor-oriented sensitivities of model outputs of interest to input parameters (e.g. emissions), overcoming the numerical cost of conventional (forward) modelling. The adjoint of the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry-transport model is a widely used such model, but prior to v36 has lacked extensive stratospheric capabilities. Here, we present the development and evaluation of the discrete adjoint of the global chemistry transport model (CTM) GEOS-Chem unified chemistry extension (UCX) for stratospheric applications, which extends the existing capabilities of the GEOS-Chem adjoint to enable the calculation of sensitivities that include stratospheric chemistry and interactions. This development adds 37 new tracers, 273 kinetic and photolysis reactions, an updated photolysis scheme, treatment of stratospheric aerosols, and all other features described in the original UCX paper. With this development the GEOS-Chem adjoint model is able to capture the spatial, temporal and speciated variability in stratospheric ozone depletion processes, among other processes. We demonstrate its use by calculating two-week sensitivities of stratospheric ozone to precursor species and show that the adjoint captures the Antarctic ozone depletion potential of active halogen species, including the chlorine activation and deactivation process. The spatial variations in the sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to NOx emissions are also described. This development expands the scope of research questions that can be addressed, by allowing stratospheric interactions and feedbacks to be considered in the tropospheric sensitivity and inversion applications.
Spatiotemporal responses of runoff to climate change on the southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun He , Yao Tandong , Su Fengge , Yang Wei , Chen Deliang
Published: January 2024

Abstract. A comprehensive understanding of spatiotemporal runoff changes at a sub-basin scale of the Yarlung Zangbo (YZ) basin on the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP), amidst varying climatic and cryospheric conditions, is imperative for effective water resources management. However, spatiotemporal differences of runoff composition, change and the attribution within the YZ basin have not been extensively explored, primarily due to the lack of hydrometeorological observations, especially in the downstream region. In this study, we investigated historical and future evolution of annual and seasonal total water availability, as well as glacier runoff and snowmelt contributions across six sub-basins of the YZ with a particular focus on the comparison between the upstream Nuxia (NX) basin and the downstream Nuxia-Pasighat (NX-BXK) basin, based on a newly generated precipitation dataset and a well-validated model with streamflow, glacier mass, and snow cover observations. Our findings revealed large spatiotemporal differences in changes exist within the YZ basin for 1971–2020. Firstly, runoff generation was dominated by rainfall runoff throughout the YZ basin, with glacier runoff playing more important role in the annual total runoff (19 %) in the NX-BXK sub-basin compared to other sub-basins. Notably, glacier runoff contributed 52 % of the total runoff at the Pasighat outlet of the YZ basin. Secondly, annual runoff exhibited an increasing trend in the NX basin but a decreasing trend in the NX-BXK, primarily attributed to rainfall runoff changes influenced by atmospheric moisture. Glacier runoff enhanced water supply, by offsetting the decreasing contribution from rainfall. Total runoff will consistently increase (27–100 mm/10 yr) across the sub-basins through the 21st century, resulting from increased rainfall runoff and a minor effect of increased snowmelt and glacier runoff.
Review article: Physical Vulnerability Database for Critical Infrastructure Multi-Hazard Risk Assessments – A systematic review and data collection
Authors: Nirandjan Sadhana , Koks Elco E. , Ye Mengqi , Pant Raghav , van Ginkel Kees C. H. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. , Ward Philip J.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Critical infrastructure (CI) is exposed to natural hazards that may lead to the devastation of these infrastructures and burden society with the indirect consequences that stem from this. The vulnerability is a key determinant for understanding, assessing and reducing natural hazard-induced risks to these infrastructures. To date, however, essential vulnerability information for CI is distributed across literature instead of being accessible through a centralized dataset. This study, through a systematic literature review, synthesises the state-of-the-art of fragility and vulnerability curves for CI assets of energy, transport, water, waste, telecoms, health and education in context of natural hazards and offers a unique physical vulnerability database. The publicly available centralized database that contains over 1,250 curves can directly be used as input for risk assessment studies that evaluate the expected or potential damages to assets due to flooding, earthquakes, windstorms and landslides. The literature review highlights that vulnerability development has mainly focused on earthquake curves for a wide range of infrastructure types. Windstorms have the second largest share in the database, but are especially limited to energy curves. While all CI systems require more vulnerability research, additional efforts are needed for telecommunication which is largely underrepresented in our database.
Grand Challenges in Social Aspects of Wind Energy Development
Authors: Kitzing Lena , Rudolph David , Nyborg Sophie , Solman Helena , Cronin Tom , Hübner Gundula , Gill Elizabeth , Dykes Katherine , Tegen Suzanne , Kirkegaard Julia Kirch
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Social aspects are gaining traction in wind energy research. Increasing local opposition to wind energy projects is just one symptom of deeper-rooted challenges in the further expansion of the technology. A recent publication by Kirkegaard et al. (2023a) lays out the grand challenges related to the complex interactions between society and wind energy technology and outlines a research agenda for wind energy research from a socio-technical perspective. This article discusses these challenges in the context of a more technologically focused research audience. We begin by describing the role of social sciences in wind energy research, arguing for the diverse set of insights, research topics, and value that they can add, going beyond outdated concepts of social acceptance (such as NIMBY), and providing solutions for public engagement and planning processes, just ownership structures and value-based design. We discuss social grand challenges in five areas: (1) Project planning & spatial relations, (2) Wind turbine design & scalability, (3) Grid integration, roles & responsibilities, (4) General public perception of the technology, (5) Energy policy to support system transformation. We conclude by reflecting how social sciences and technical sciences can be better integrated to jointly advance wind energy research into a new interdisciplinary era that is able to provide holistic solutions for a transition to carbon-neutrality.
Biomechanical analysis of carotid arteries based on ultrasound and MRI
Authors:   , Xiang Yuqiao
Published: January 2024

This study focused on the biomechanical analysis of carotid arteries based on ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By adopting multidisciplinary approaches that combine diverse imaging techniques with computational methods, it provided critical insights into the development of carotid atherosclerosis, the impact of daily activities on carotid bifurcation, and the assessment of high-risk plaques. These methodologies hold the potential to greatly benefit clinicians in their efforts to diagnose and treat carotid atherosclerosis.
Internally Displaced Persons: Rights, Implementation, and the Way Forward in Pakistan
Authors: Baig Khurram , Shahid Muhammad , Akhtar Rehman , Jamshed Jibran
Published: January 2024

Pakistan currently has one of the highest numbers of internally displaced persons in its territory. There are many reasons why more and more people are being displaced each year. This paper will discuss in detail the condition of those IDPs who attained such character because of violence or war. It further goes on to describe the legal framework for IDPs. Apart from UN Guiding Principles and constitutional guarantees, there is no specific law that deals with IDPs. The Study suggested that the authorities should provide them with all their basic needs and work tirelessly to make their return to their homelands possible. Furthermore, the paper will analyze the challenges faced by IDPs in accessing education and employment opportunities, which further hinder their ability to rebuild their lives. Additionally, it will explore the importance of international cooperation and humanitarian aid in addressing the needs of IDPs and finding durable solutions for their displacement.
التحليل التكراري المقارن للعواصف الرملية والغبارية المؤثرة على محمية الإمام عبد العزيز بن محمد الملكية في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors:   قسم الجغرافيا، كلية اللغة العربية والعلوم الاجتماعية، جامعة القصيم، المملكة العربية السعودية, الدغيري أحمد
Published: January 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة تحليل تكرار العواصف الغبارية والرملية وسرعة الرياح المصاحبة لها والمؤثرة على محمية الإمام عبد العزيز بن محمد الطبيعية باستخدام البيانات اليومية المرصودة بأربع محطات مناخية هي الرياض (40437) وحفر الباطن (40377) والأحساء (40420) والظهران (40416). ولقد تم اختيار هذه المحطات كونها تحيط بمحمية الإمام عبد العزيز بن محمد الطبيعية وهي الأقرب منها. ولتحقيق أهداف البحث، اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الكمي الاستقصائي باستخدام البيانات اليومية لتكرار العواصف الغبارية والرملية والسرعة المتوسطة والقصوى للرياح المرصودة خلال الفترة 1995-2023 بمحطتي الرياض والأحساء و 1995-2014 بمحطة الظهران و 1995-2013 بمحطة حفر الباطن. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تطبيق العديد من الأساليب الإحصائية في فحص ومعالجة بيانات الرصد اليومي لتكرار العواصف الغبارية والرملية وسرعة الرياح المصاحبة لها هي: اختبار شابيرو- ويلك Shapiro-Wilk في تحديد حسن مطابقة توزيع البيانات السنوي للتوزيع الطبيعي Normality test، - اختبار ت ستودنت T-student لفحص تجانس التباين للبيانات ذات التوزيع الطبيعي والاختبار اللامعلمي Binomial لفحص تجانس التباين للبيانات التي يختلف توزيعها عن التوزيع الطبيعي، - فحص الأهمية الإحصائية مان- كندل Mann-Kendall في تحليل اتجاه التغير العام لتكرار العواصف الغبارية والرملية وسرعة الرياح المصاحبة لها. ولقد توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى نتائج هامة كشفت عن خصائص تكرار العواصف الغبارية والرملية وسرعة الرياح المصاحبة لها المؤثرة على محمية الإمام عبد العزيز بن محمد. وتوصي هذه الدراسة بتطبيق الأساليب الإحصائية والخطوات العملية التي تم استخدامها من خلال التوظيف المتكامل لبيانات الرصد اليومي لعناصر الطقس ولتكرار العواصف الغبارية والرملية وسرعة الرياح المصاحبة لها المؤثرة على المحميات الطبيعية في المملكة العربية السعودية. ولقد تم تمثيل نتائج هذه الفحوص الإحصائية في جداول ورسوم بيانية توضيحية.
A educação sanitária e a produção do “trabalhador produtivo” (Paraíba, anos 1920 a 1940)
Authors: Querino Barboza Freire dos Santos Leonardo
Published: January 2024

Este artigo aborda as ações de educação sanitária dirigidas aos trabalhadores na Paraíba entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940. Para tanto, analisamos textos que versavam sobre essa temática publicados pelo jornal A União. Veículo de imprensa oficial do governo da Paraíba, ele nos permitiu acessar o discurso público dos projetos biopolíticos que buscaram “pedagogizar” as práticas corporais das classes trabalhadoras em consonância com as demandas das relações capitalistas de produção. Desse modo, aproveitando-se do vínculo entre o jornal A União e os grupos que controlavam o poder político e econômico na Paraíba, buscamos problematizar os discursos e os interesses que conformaram a educação sanitária das classes trabalhadoras entre os anos 1920 e 1940. Por fim, na análise das fontes e na construção da narrativa, dialogamos metodologicamente com os conceitos de “trabalhismo” (GOMES, 1994), “cidadania regulada” (SANTOS, 1979), “poder disciplinar” (FOUCAULT, 2013) e “biopolítica” (FOUCAULT, 2005).
A Saúde em tempos de guerra
Authors: Da Silva Costa Edivando
Published: January 2024

RESUMO: Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, Brasil e Estados Unidos firmaram acordos na área da saúde com o intuito de combater as doenças que grassavam na Amazônia. Dentre os esforços de guerra, a defesa da saúde dos trabalhadores envolvidos na exploração da borracha fez com que os países se unissem na criação do SESP – Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública –, agência responsável pelo saneamento e educação sanitária da Amazônia. Moradores locais foram recrutados e atuaram como guardas sanitários exercendo tarefas consideradas importantes. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as ações desses trabalhadores, o processo de seleção, formação e atuação nas frentes de trabalho no interior do Pará. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi utilizada coleta e análise crítica de fontes, como os documentos oficiais do Serviço. Nele, constatou-se o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para a região e o protagonismo de homens simples, mas que foram responsáveis por levar saneamento e educação sanitária para a Amazonia em tempos de guerra.

Palavras-chave: Guardas sanitários, SESP, Amazônia paraense.
Formação humana, identidade big-data e os desafios da educação
Authors: Ferreira Torres Pereira Marcia , Silva Zanolla Sílvia Rosa da
Published: January 2024

A reflexão crítica e autocrítica sobre a formação cultural, diante de crises mundiais de diferentes ordens, é uma exigência da realidade social e seu contexto político. Esse artigo é uma releitura da cultura moderna entre indústria cultural e cultura digital, os elementos que contribuíram para os avanços tecnológicos, formação cultural e constituição dos sujeitos. Fundamentado na teoria crítica da sociedade e na dialética negativa adorniana, questiona-se como ocorre, no contexto da realidade capitalista, a relação entre o grande salto tecnológico na cultura moderna e o potencial de humanização. O artigo é dividido em três seções e discorre sobre o conceito de progresso tecnológico, reflexões sobre a cultura moderna e as evidências do recrudescimento de uma semiformação sobre a educação.
Palavras-chave: Cultura. Educação e Teoria Crítica da Sociedade. Formação. Progresso.
Adorno e a dialética do amor não-idêntico:
Authors: Silva Zanolla Sílvia Rosa da
Published: January 2024

O Amor em Adorno ultrapassa o sentido subjetivista e romântico e considera contradições inerentes à teoria do conhecimento; constitui fonte de representação social ideológica, mediada pela relação entre sujeito e objeto. Nessa medida suas contradições o eleva a construto cultural perpassado pela dialética negativa. Logo, para Adorno, o amor é um princípio de aspiração humanista ao lado de valores como: ética, esperança, gratidão, bondade, solidariedade, justiça e democracia. Tais valores, se desmistificados, postulam oposição à frieza, ao totalitarismo e ao horror do nazismo e do fascismo; em resistência ao sofrimento, preconceito e à barbárie recorrentes na civilização. Não obstante, desmistificar o amor ideal e romântico, como a outros valores configura experiência autorreflexiva, não-idêntica e formativa com vistas a umasociedade consciente, emancipada e humanista, que reconhece riscos de alienação e inversão de totalidade a totalitarismo, democracia a pseudodemocracia. O amor consciente, verdadeiro e crítico transpõe-se em iminente ação social. À luz de Adorno, o amor dialético pressupõe esperança de uma real sociedade justa em termos políticos, culturais e sociais.
Palavras-chave: Adorno. Amor. Dialética negativa. Barbárie. Educação. Teoria crítica
The Analysis of Instagram Ads Strategy, Brand Awareness and its Impact on Purchasing Decision of Wardah Facial Wash (Case Study in the Community of Kelurahan Cikutra)
Authors: Nabil Alma Maulida , Prasetyo Mohamad Hadi
Published: January 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the influence of Instagram ads and Brand Awareness on the Purchasing Decision of Wardah Facial Wash Purchasing Decisions. Background Problems: The increasingly stringent market developments in the beauty and skin care motivated this research. Cosmetic company is required to have an accurate strategy in retaining its customers, looking for new potential customers, which of course increases sales volume. Research Methods: The research method used is descriptive and verification methods with a quantitative approach, collecting data by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. Statistical analysis instruments used validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, path analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, and coefficient of determination. Finding/Results: The result is that there is an influence between Instagram ads on purchasing decisions through the Brand Awareness variable as an intervening variable. Consumer Purchase Decision is included in the "Good" category. Conclusion: The coefficient of determination of the effect of Instagram ads on purchasing decision is 46.5%. The study also concludes that the promotion has the greatest influence on Consumer’s Purchasing Decisions.
Application of Beneish M-Score to Detech Fraudulent Financial Statements in State-Owned Company in Indonesia
Authors: Andani Latifa Putri , Kurniawan Gatot Iwan
Published: January 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to determine which State-Owned Company are included in the manipulator, non-manipulator, and gray company groups. Background Problems: According to a study conducted in 2016 by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, the majority Fraud cases involved 81.2% of government agencies, 8.1% of State-Owned Enterprises, and 2.3% of private companies. The businesses designated by of State-Owned Company caused the most losses to the industrial sector due to fraud at 58.8%. Research Methods: This research uses a quantitative descriptive method. The objects in this study are State-Owned Company companies in Indonesia in 2018-2021. The research sample used a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using seven types of financial ratios contained in the Beneish M-score method. Finding/Results: The results showed that in 2018 there was 1 company that was included in the manipulator group, 22 companies were included in the non-manipulator group, and no company was included in the gray company group in 2018. Then in 2019 there were 3 companies that were included in the manipulator group, 17 companies are included in the non-manipulator group, and 3 companies are included in the gray company group. In 2020 there were 5 companies included in the manipulator, 16 non-manipulator companies, 2 companies included in the gray company group. And in the last year, namely 2021, there will be 1 company that is included in the manipulator group, 22 non-manipulator companies, and no company that is included in the gray company group in 2021.
The Analysis of Raw Material Control using the Economic Order of Quantity (EOQ) Method in Teng-teng Mulyati Home Industry
Authors: Virginia Tiara Rahma , Hamdani Deni
Published: January 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze raw material inventory control with Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method for helping the company to control the inventory of raw material by looking for how much raw material the rice must be ordered so that the company does not experience shortages and advantages in its raw materials, so the inventory in the company is optimal. Finding/Results: The result showed that Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is the appreciate and can optimize the supply of special vehicle raw material in home industry Teng-teng Mulyati compared with the existing policies in the company, using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method the order quantity becomes 682 kg with 1 time the order frequency, Safety Stock 679,98 kg, Reorder Point 718,61 kg, Maximum Inventory 1.361,98 kg, so the Total Inventory Cost is Rp. 174.539,39. Conclusion: This method can be a company reference in controlling the inventory of raw material and by using this method the company obtains cost savings between calculations based on company policy and the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method.
CHINA’S HEALTH SILK ROAD REIMAGINING GEOPOLITICAL INFLUENCE THROUGH THE MEDICAL DIPLOMACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors: Brig. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Amin SI (M)
Published: January 2024

This research article extensively examines the various aspects of the relationship beyond the limited scope of economic cooperation. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) of China includes the Health Silk Road HSR, which is intended to improve public health and promote global collaboration in the healthcare industry. The purpose of this article is to analyze the different aspects of the relationship between China and the Middle East. These aspects include cultural exchange, education initiatives, technological partnerships, partnerships in healthcare, infrastructure development, environmental sustainability efforts, and exchanges of diplomacy. Additionally, it will explore the importance of interpersonal interactions, tourism, academic exchanges, and cultural understanding in nurturing a strong connection between China and the Middle East. HSR aims to improve global collaboration in health, increase China's leadership in health around the world, and fortify the healthcare infrastructure. We thoroughly examined the goals of HSR, which encompass the improvement of healthcare infrastructure, the promotion of collaboration in global health, and the expansion of China's leadership in global health. Furthermore, we conducted a thorough examination of the healthcare collaboration between China and Pakistan, which is part of the Economic Corridor between China and Pakistan (CPEC). This is an instance of research. Our findings suggest that HSR has both beneficial and detrimental ramifications. On the ideal side, HSR has led to enhanced medical services and infrastructure, as well as developing capability in the participating nations. But there are also big obstacles to overcome, such as making sure the infrastructure and services are sustainable and of high quality, controlling the sustainability of the loan, encouraging openness in project execution, and dealing with China's geopolitical influence. Five drivers drive China's HSR, according to the report: financial gain, power in diplomacy, enhancing one's reputation, maintaining regional stability, and health security. The WHO Global Collaboration and CPEC are the main topics of the summary. This study offers a thorough grasp of the numerous effects of HSR and highlights the necessity of open communication, collaboration, and the exchange of best procedures among interested parties. This study highlights the significance of international collaboration by evaluating the motivations, consequences, and concerns of HSR. Scholars, practitioners of global health and politicians may all benefit from the enlightening knowledge it offers.
TEN YEAR ANALYSIS OF CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC)
Authors: Dr. Syed Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has recently completed its ten-year anniversary, and this research article aims to evaluate its impact and the factors that have influenced its development. Despite facing criticism and challenges, CPEC has brought about some benefits, particularly in terms of transportation infrastructure. However, the project has also encountered difficulties, including protests and concerns about its vagueness. This paper will examine the factors that have affected the development of CPEC, including policy changes, the COVID-19 pandemic, and terrorist attacks. Additionally, it will analyze the trade relations between Pakistan and China and assess the extent to which CPEC has achieved its intended goals. The study will rely on secondary data and literature review to provide a comprehensive understanding of the CPEC project and its outcomes.
RETHINKING OF SOUTH ASIAN NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MIDDLE EAST CRISIS
Authors: Brig. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Amin SI (M)
Published: January 2024

This article explores the complex link between South Asian nuclear capabilities and the current Middle East conflicts, offering a first analysis of how they interact. South Asia has been dealing with a fragile nuclear balance ever since India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests in 1998. This delicate balance has been mostly driven by historical animosities and regional geopolitical conflicts. Nonetheless, the paper makes the case that a careful reevaluation of the implications of South Asian nuclear capabilities is required due to the complexity brought about by the Middle East crises, which are characterised by sectarian wars, geopolitical realignments, and external interventions. The historical consequences of South Asian nuclear developments are first highlighted in the research, with a focus on how deterrence shaped India and Pakistan's nuclear postures. The influence of Middle East crises on South Asian strategic planning and threat assessments is then examined in the paper, taking into account the complex nature of these assessments. In the context of diplomatic endeavours and possible sanctions during Middle East conflicts, the involvement of key international powers including the United States, Russia, China, and European nations is examined. The article also discusses issues with nuclear non-proliferation in South Asia and beyond the world. It highlights how India and Pakistan are subjected to increased scrutiny amid the Middle East crises and the possible repercussions for global non-proliferation efforts. The necessity for greater international cooperation on non-proliferation measures is emphasised, as are the diplomatic imperatives for South Asian nations to address concerns and uphold transparency. The paper finds this by analysing the economic implications of the Middle East's strategic importance as an "energy hub." It examines the possible effects on the economies of South Asia, with a focus on energy security and resilience, and recommends proactive steps to reduce economic risk, such as diversifying energy sources and investing in renewable technology.
THE ROLE OF TURKEY IN LIBYA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Dr. Hafiz Hammad uddin Brig. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Amin SI (M),
Published: January 2024

The article begins by setting the context of the Libyan conflict and highlighting the significant role played by external actors. It emphasizes the growing importance of Turkey's involvement and the need to closely examine its various dimensions.One crucial aspect explored in the study is Turkey's motivations for intervention. It delves into the historical ties, economic interests, regional power projection, and security concerns that drive Turkey's active participation in the Libyan conflict. By critically assessing these motivations, the research aims to uncover the underlying factors shaping Turkey's engagement.Moreover, the study analyzes the impact of Turkey's involvement on the conflict dynamics. It examines how Turkey's military support, diplomatic efforts, and provision of resources have influenced the balance of power and affected the trajectory of the conflict. By assessing the consequences of Turkey's actions, the research contributes to understanding the broader regional implications.
UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS AFGHANISTAN AFTER 9/11 AND ITS IMPACTS ON PAKISTAN-UNITED STATES RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Dr. Abdul Rahim Abdul Razzaq, Dr. Naheed Chisti ,
Published: January 2024

9/11 attacks on United States were a political change in the world as United States decided to find out the fundamental root causes to eliminate the terrorist groups of the world. It was an essential for United States to work on her probe therein Osama Bin Laden admitted about this act so that United States turned to have counter terrorism for the elimination of Al-Quida. It was a time to strengthen the bilateral relations with United States through strong working process and procedure against terrorism on the soil of Afghanistan, was the deep state of Pakistan. It was a period of General Parwaiz Musharraf who responded positively; thereafter, it was shifted and pledged with continues support for the formation of peace and development of the region. The bilateral relationship of Pakistan and United States had meaningful approach against terrorism and admitted as a strong front line ally of United States against the will of her nation. It was the main strategic partnership of Pakistan and United States. The foreign policy of United States towards Afghanistan was the most important to keep relation with Pakistan because it reflected on Pakistan directly, that’s why United States promised to ease the sanctions along with military aid to Pakistan.
СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ФЕНОМЕНУ КОРУПЦІЇ
Authors: Васильєв О.Б.
Published: January 2024

У статті розглядається питання трансформації феномену корупція, з яким щодня стикається українське суспільство та влада. Вивчено питання посилення позицій корупції, та питання потреби боротьби з нею. Сьогодні це питання одне з обговорюваних в українському суспільстві, його рішення обумовлюється потребою України в модернізації та інновації як влади, так і громадянського суспільства. Вивчено феномен соціально-політичних відносин корупція, який відомий досить давно та у багатьох країнах світу вона сприймається як деструктивна та історична даність. Проведено аналіз соціального явища корупція, та визначено, що корупція була усвідомлена лише у XX столітті.
ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКА ПРАКТИКА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ
Authors: Бульба В.Г. , Оробей В.В.
Published: January 2024

У статті здійснено аналіз досвіду країн-членів ЄС стосовно реалізації програм і форм соціальної сфери, розвитку соціальної інфраструктури сільських територій, а також узагальнено досвід функціонування місцевого самоврядування задля покращення умов життя сільського населення.
Визначено, що на рівні європейського регіону функціонують різноманітні фонди, проєкти, програми ті інші ініціативи, спрямовані на розвиток сільських територій та покращення життя селян. Зусилля ЄС у поєднанні з владними національними структурами країн-членів ЄС та представників громадянського суспільства спрямовані на проведення політики щодо збалансованого сільського розвитку та впровадження в практику концепції «розумне село», в основу якої покладено використання сільською громадою інноваційних рішень і технологій для облаштування життя у своїх громадах. Також в країнах-членах ЄС підтримується диверсифікація виробництва сільських територій. У цьому контексті найбільш популярним є розвиток сільського туризму. Вважаємо, що для післявоєнного відновлення, у тому числі й сільських територій в Україні, необхідно скласти каталог успішних практик, орієнтуючись у першу чергу на Балканські країни, які мали значні інфраструктурні руйнації через збройний конфлікт та пройшли шлях відновлення.
ДЕРЖАВНА БЕЗПЕКА КОРДОНУ: РИЗИКИ ТА ЗАГРОЗИ ДЛЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ Й ЄС
Authors: Помаза-Пономаренко А.Л. , Бондар Д.В. , Демент М.О.
Published: January 2024

Досліджено особливості формування державної безпеки кордону. Систематизовано ризики та загрози, що впливають на такий підвид національної безпеки.
Визначено перспективи розвитку механізмів публічного управління у сфері державної
безпеки кордону
EKOLOGI MEDIA OLEH RADIO REPUBLIK INDONESIA (RRI) DENPASAR DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN EKSISTENSI DI ERA DIGITALISASI
Authors: Indah Pratiwi Nuning , Surya Rossitha Ni Made Octha , Subanda I Nyoman , Darma Paramatha I Gusti Ngurah
Published: January 2024

Tingkat persaingan yang terjadi pada industri penyiaran radio cukup meningkat beberapa waktu terakhir akibat munculnya radio – radio swasta dan perkembangan media baru dalam konteks komunikasi dengan menghadirkan kecanggihannya. RRI Denpasar sebagai lembaga penyiaran publik milik pemerintah tetap terbuka pada realita dan perubahan sosial yang terjadi agar mampu mendapatkan keunggulan yang kompetitif untuk tetap mempertahankan eksistensinya sebagai lembaga penyiaran publik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui ekologi media oleh RRI Denpasar dalam mempertahankan eksistensi di era digitalisasi, dengan menggunakan metode deskripsi dan dan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilangsungkan melalui wawancara bersama informan terpilih secara purposive sampling, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori ekologi media oleh Dimmick dan Rothenbuhler yang berasumsi bahwa media dapat bertahan dengan tiga sumber pendukung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan berdasarkan jenis modal, RRI Denpasar memiliki modal awal berasal dari APBN, dan modal fasilitas untuk kegiatan siaran konvensional dan media baru. Berdasarkan jenis isi media, RRI Denpasar mengembangkan program acara siarannya dan membuka ruang media online. Berdasarkan jenis isi audiens, RRI Denpasar memiliki segmentasi geografis di wilayah Denpasar dan sekitarnya serta memperluas jangkauan siaran dengan memanfaatkan media digital, secara demografis RRI Denpasar membagi jenis pendengar menjadi kelompok usia, jenis kelamin, dan Sosial Ekonomi Status (SES).
PENGELOLAAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @CHOCODOT_CATALOGUE OLEH PT TAMA COKELAT INDONESIA
Authors: Aprilliyani Ega , Hafiar Hanny , Budiana Hery
Published: January 2024

Kabupaten Garut yang berdiri sejak tahun 2009. Dalam melakukan kegiatannya, PT Tama Cokelat Indonesia menggunakan beberapa media sosial salah satunya Instagram dengan nama akun @chocodot_catalogue. Akan tetapi, kurangnya engagement menjadi hambatan dalam pengelolaan media sosial Instagram tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengelolaan media sosial instagram @chocodot_catalogue melalui tahap menyebarkan (share), optimalisasi (optimize), mengelola (manage), dan melibatkan (engage). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mandalam, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Dalam penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa dalam pengelolaan akun instagram @chocodot_catalogue pada tahap share dilatarbelakangi oleh PT Tama Cokelat Indonesia yang ingin melakukan komunikasi dua arah dengan masyarakat. Pada tahap optimize, pemantauan yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui apa yang dibicarakan oleh publik mengenai PT Tama Cokelat Indonesia dilakukan dengan cara manual yaitu pengecekan mention dan hashtag. Pada tahap manage, PT Tama Cokelat Indonesia sudah melakukan beberapa upaya, namun dalam tahap ini @chocodot_catalogue belum menggunakan social media tools. Tahap terakhir adalah engage dimana dalam tahap ini PT Tama Cokelat Indonesia belum memiliki influencer
ANALISIS DISKURSUS BERITA KOMUNISME HARIAN KOMPAS SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PERISTIWA GERAKAN 30 SEPTEMBER 1965
Authors: Kudri Putri , Ciptadi Suluh Gembyeng
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan struktur makro, superstruktur, struktur mikro pada teks wacana berita tentang pra G30S/PKI dan pasca G30S/PKI 1965. Metode dokumentasi dan analisis isi teks berita Harian Kompas. Hasil analisis Wacana Kritis Teun van Dijk menemukan bahwa dari unsur struktur makro, superstruktur, struktur mikro menunjukkan perbedaan penekan dalam memberitakan tentang komunisme pra G30S/PKI dan pasca G30S/PKI 1965. Berita-berita Kompas pra G30S/PKI memberitakan tentang Komunisme secara hati-hati yang memberitakan perkembangan dan Penguatan gerakan Komunisme. Pasca peristiwa G30S/PKI 1965 menempatkan posisinya sebagai media anti Komunisme dengan menyudutkan PKI dari segi pemberitaan
MICROSCOPICAL EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors:   Prof. (Dr.) Yesh Pratap Singh Rana, Professor at Glocal University, specializing in the subject of Pharmacognosy since February 2023., Rana Dr. Yesh Pratap Singh , Deva Dr. Varsha , Kumar Dr. Umesh ,   Prof. (Dr.) Varsha Deva completed her Ph. D. in Pharmacy from Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow formerly Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow (U.P.). She is currently working as Professor at Glocal University Pharmacy College, Glocal University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.,   Prof. (Dr.) Umesh Kumar completed his Ph.D. in 2012 from Jamia Hamdard (NIRF Ranking No. 1 among Pharmacy Institutions in India, by the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India). With over 17 years of experience in academics and research, he currently serves as the Dean of Glocal University Pharmacy College at Glocal University, Saharanpur. Prof. Umesh has guided numerous M. Pharm and Ph.D. students.
Published: January 2024

We want to express our sincere appreciation to the faculty, staff, and administrators of Glocal University, Saharanpur, for their unwavering support, which has fostered an environment conducive to the realization of this project. Their combined efforts have been instrumental in bringing this endeavour to fruition. A special thank you is extended to the students we have had the privilege of teaching. Their enthusiasm and dedication have consistently served as a perpetual source of inspiration, driving us to continuously improve our skills as educators. Our deepest gratitude is extended to the authors of each chapter for their invaluable contributions. The selection of these authors was not solely based on their expertise but also on their commitment to the education and professional development of pharmacy students and pharmacists. Without their devoted efforts, completing this textbook would have been an overwhelming challenge. Heartfelt thanks are also extended to our well-wishers, whose support has played a crucial role in shaping this book. We are immensely thankful to Professor (Dr.) P.K. Bharti, Vice Chancellor of Glocal University, Professor (Dr.) Parmod Kumar, Dean of Academic Affairs, Professor (Dr.) Sanjay Kumar, Dean School of Paramedical Sciences, for their continuous motivation, guidance, and encouragement at every stage of this project. This book stands as a testament to the collaborative spirit and shared commitment to the progress of pharmaceutical education.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS OF POWDER OF FLOWER OF BUTEA MONOSPERMIA
Authors: Hafeez Dr. Abdul , Raghav Ms. Shelly
Published: January 2024

The present study has conducted a comprehensive histological examination of B. monosperma, providing a reliable means of species identification. Microscopic characteristics represent a cost-effective and practical approach to discerning medicinal herbs, serving as a cornerstone in traditional pharmacognosy and retaining its significance in contemporary monography. In particular, the flower, a distinctive feature in plant identification, is of paramount importance in recognizing this plant species. While the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia has included a monograph on this flower, an extensive microscopic investigation of the flower is essential due to its historical use in traditional medicine.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS OF POWDER OF STEM OF TINOSPORA CARDIFOLIA
Authors: Kumar Dr. Umesh , Rana Dr. Yesh Pratap Singh
Published: January 2024

Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia), commonly known as Guduchi, is extensively utilized in traditional and Ayurvedic medicine, including Ayurvedic 'Rasayanas,' to enhance the immune system and serve as a general tonic. It is valued for its anti-periodic, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and anti-diabetic properties. Numerous studies have explored the health benefits of different parts of the Guduchi plant, with a predominant focus on T. cordifolia stem powder microscopy. In this investigation, stem powders microscopy of T. cordifolia were done through compound microscope. The morphology of the powders was examined using scanning electron microscopy.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS OF POWDER OF LEAVES OF OCIMUM SANCTUM
Authors: Kumar Mr. Ashok , Raghav Ms. Shelly
Published: January 2024

This review article delves into the powder microscopy of leaves from Ocimum sanctum, widely known as Tulsi, the holy plant. Through meticulous examination, the study focused on the microscopic features of Tulsi leaf powder, revealing the presence of key elements. The findings underscore the existence of stomata, crucial for the regulation of gas exchange, contributing to the plant's physiological processes. Additionally, the analysis identified the presence of glandular trichomes, known for their secretion of essential oils and other bioactive compounds. Furthermore, covering trichomes, which play a protective role, were also observed in the leaf powder. The insights obtained through this powder microscopy offer a deeper understanding of the leaf's microstructural composition. Such knowledge is pivotal for comprehending Tulsi's medicinal properties and enhancing its applications in various fields, including traditional medicine, pharmacology, and herbal products. This review consolidates and presents the current state of knowledge on Tulsi leaf powder microscopy, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts in the botanical and pharmaceutical domains.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF TRANSVERSE SECTION OF LEAVES OF OCIMUM SANCTUM
Authors: Hafeez Dr. Abdul , Raghav Ms. Shelly
Published: January 2024

Ocimum sanctum, commonly known as "Tulsi" or "Holy basil," is a fragrant, small, and branched herb with a height of approximately 70 cm. Widely distributed throughout India, it is often cultivated in proximity to Hindu homes and temples. Every part of this herb, including the roots, leaves, and seeds, has been extensively utilized for millennia in Ayurveda and the Siddha system of medicines to address a variety of diseases and disorders. With its chemical composition being intricate, Tulsi encompasses a multitude of healthful nutrients and biologically active compounds. Scientific studies have corroborated its numerous beneficial properties, establishing Tulsi as possessing antioxidant, anti-stress, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and hypo-lipidemic attributes, all within a wide safety margin. Revered as "The incomparable one" in Ayurveda, Tulsi is employed singularly or in combination with other herbs for the treatment of chronic cough, cold, fever, bronchitis, and various common disorders. This review aims to offer a concise overview of extensive research covering the pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and diverse health benefits associated with Tulsi, emphasizing its traditional significance and contemporary scientific validation.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS OF TRANSVERSE SECTION (TS) OF OCIMUM SANCTUM STEM
Authors: Alam Mr. Firoz , Raghav Ms. Shelly
Published: January 2024

The rich medicinal plant heritage of India, contributing to 80 percent of materials in Indian medicine systems, underscores the integral role of plants in various healthcare traditions. Over centuries, diverse plant species have been pivotal in treating human diseases within different medicinal systems and local health practices. One such enduring medicinal resource is Tulsi, scientifically identified as Ocimum sanctum Linn. Gurke, renowned for its versatile healing properties. Embedded in Ayurveda for millennia, Tulsi, often revered as the 'incomparable one,' holds a sacred and esteemed position among the multitude of healing herbs in India. While morphological and anatomical characteristics are vital for crude drug standardization, the lack of comprehensive documentation of medicinal plants from the Ocimum spp. often results in the misrepresentation of adulterants as genuine drugs. Addressing this gap, the present investigation focuses on Ocimum sanctum, specifically selected for standardization owing to its profound medicinal importance.
HYDROCEPHALUS AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Pal Shashank , Panwar Gurdeep , Bhat Mohd Shahid
Published: January 2024

Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder defined as abnormal collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain's ventricles, leading to increased intracranial pressure and potentially damaging consequences. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of hydrocephalus, encompassing its etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. Additionally, it explores the diverse causes of hydrocephalus, including congenital, acquired, and idiopathic forms, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. The chapter delves into the various surgical and non-surgical management approaches, emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment plans to optimize patient outcomes.
ENDOSCOPY RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY
Authors: Odukale Abubakre , Abdu Sheikh , Farooq Wase Iqra , Tanzeela Syeda
Published: January 2024

The minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure known as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is crucial in the treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases. This chapter gives a general review of ERCP while emphasizing its indications, specifics of the operation, related hazards, and most current developments in the field. In order to access and observe the biliary and pancreatic ducts, ERCP combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy. This enables the treatment of disorders like choledocholithiasis, strictures, and pancreatitis. This review examines the ERCP landscape as it changes, highlighting its significance in the age of sophisticated endoscopic methods and imaging modalities.
Desarrollo de habilidades para la lectura y escritura en la universidad. Vol. 3: El ensayo académico
Authors: Urizar Ocampo Carolina , Gallardo Pérez Rosario , Esquivel Moreno Lucero Itzel , Díaz Gutiérrez Fátima , Escobar Arboleda Yonathan Alexander , Cruz Luna Perla Sharon , Vargas Nardiz Danilo Orlando , Velásquez Upegui Eva Patricia , Bárcenas Trejo Vanesa , Moreno Corona Daniela Berenice
Published: January 2024

El volumen III de la publicación "Desarrollo de habilidades para la lectura y escritura en la universidad" tiene como objetivo proporcionar una serie de herramientas teóricas y didácticas para el conocimiento y dominio del ensayo académico. Todas ellas están dirigidas a estudiantes y docentes que deseen comprender, producir o enseñar este género discursivo. El texto reúne conceptos asociados con la argumentación y su rol central en la elaboración del ensayo, la composición textual mediante los párrafos, la estructura del género en sí mismo y, finalmente, sus aplicaciones en las prácticas de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Cada capítulo está acompañado de una serie de actividades orientadas desde el ámbito teórico y práctico. Esto último hace de esta obra un recurso útil para el desarrollo del aprendizaje autónomo, individual o colectivo y, por lo tanto, es una herramienta de trabajo dentro y fuera del aula de clase.