bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modes of Variability in E3SM and CESM Large Ensembles
Authors: Fasullo John T. , Caron Julie M. , Phillips Adam , Li Hui , Richter Jadwiga H. , Neale Richard B. , Rosenbloom Nan , Strand Gary , Glanville Sasha , Li Yuanpu , Lehner Flavio , Meehl Gerald , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Ullrich Paul , Lee Jiwoo , Arblaster Julie
Published: February 2024

An adequate characterization of internal modes of climate variability (MoV) is a prerequisite for both accurate seasonal predictions and climate change detection and attribution. Assessing the fidelity of climate models in simulating MoV is therefore essential; however, doing so is complicated by the large intrinsic variations in MoV and the limited span of the observational record. Large ensembles (LEs) provide a unique opportunity to assess model fidelity in simulating MoV and quantify intermodel contrasts. In this work, these goals are pursued in four recently produced LEs: the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) versions 1 and 2 LEs, and the Community Earth System Model (CESM) versions 1 and 2 LEs. In general, the representation of global coupled modes is found to improve across successive E3SM and CESM versions in conjunction with the fidelity of the base state climate while the patterns of extratropical modes are well simulated across the ensembles. Various persistent shortcomings for all MoV are however identified and discussed. The results both demonstrate the successes of these recent model versions and suggest the potential for continued improvement in the representation of MoV with advances in model physics.

Significance Statement

Modes of variability play a critical role in prediction of seasonal to decadal climate variability and detection of forced climate change, but historically many modes have been poorly simulated by coupled climate models. Using recently produced large ensembles, this work demonstrates the improved simulation of a broad range of internal modes in successive versions of the E3SM and CESM and discusses opportunities for further advances.
Fractional Flow Reserve and Angiography Guided Complete Revascularization in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hyasat Kais , Hasche Edmund , Almafragy Hamid , Chiha Joseph , Asrress Kaleab , Liou Kevin
Published: February 2024

Using a network meta-analysis, this study compared fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided with angiography-guided revascularization of non-culprit lesions in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We also assessed if early complete revascularization is superior to delayed revascularization. We conducted a network meta-analysis using Net Meta XL of trials of STEMI patients with multivessel disease and compared revascularization strategies. The primary outcomes of interest were rate of revascularization, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. Ten studies were included in our analysis comprising 7981 patients with 4484 patients undergoing complete revascularization and 3497 patients with culprit-only revascularization. There was no significant reduction in all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization using FFR guidance. There was significant reduction in repeat revascularization with complete revascularization irrespective of timing of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with the culprit-only group. There was an overall trend favoring earlier revascularization. For patients with multivessel disease presenting with ST-elevation MI, complete revascularization significantly reduces repeat revascularization compared with culprit-only treatment. FFR guidance is non-superior to angiography-guided revascularization. Furthermore, there was significant reduction in repeat revascularization irrespective of timing of PCI to non-culprit vessels.
Book review: Claude Markovits, India and the World: A History of Connections, c. 1750–2000
Authors: O’Sullivan Michael
Published: February 2024

Claude Markovits, India and the World: A History of Connections, c. 1750–2000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021), 304 pp.
Combat military service and male depression: The relationship between social support, PTSD, and male depression following combat military service
Authors: Weinberg Michael , Shorer Shai , Marom Doron , Cohen Lihi , Cohen Miri
Published: February 2024

Background:

Soldiers in military service are at risk of exposure to traumatic and stressful experiences, which can lead to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of depression. In the context of veterans’ PTSD and depression, social support has been shown to be a very significant resource. However, while general depression has been examined among veterans and although combat soldiers are often men, male depression has been rarely examined. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationships between social support, PTSD symptoms, and male depression among veterans.

Methods:

Five hundred and ninety-five male combat veterans completed a demographic questionnaire and measures of social support, PTSD, and male depression, including the specific symptoms of anger, substance use, social withdrawal, and restricted emotions.

Results:

Structural-equation-model analyses showed that social support was negatively associated with both PTSD symptoms and depression symptoms. Specifically, social support showed lower trends of associations with substance use and anger; whereas there were higher associations with social withdrawal and restricted emotions. PTSD showed the strongest association with anger. Thus, we can see that social support is a key resource for coping with PTSD and different symptoms of male depression.

Conclusion:

Greater attention to social support, PTSD, and aspects of male depression could assist the development of intervention and therapeutic programs and also help to prevent the misdiagnosis of depression among military veterans.
Does India Use Development Finance to Compete With China? A Subnational Analysis
Authors: Asmus-Bluhm Gerda , Eichenauer Vera Z. , Fuchs Andreas , Parks Bradley
Published: February 2024

China and India increasingly provide aid and credit to developing countries. This article explores whether India uses these financial instruments to compete for geopolitical and commercial influence with China. We build a new geocoded dataset of Indian government-financed projects in the Global South between 2007 and 2014 and combine it with data on Chinese government-financed projects. Our regression results for 2,333 provinces within 123 countries demonstrate that India’s Exim Bank is significantly more likely to locate a project in a given jurisdiction if China provided government financing there in the previous year. Since this effect is more pronounced in countries where India is more popular relative to China and where both lenders have a similar export structure, we interpret this as evidence of India competing with China. By contrast, we do not find evidence that China uses official aid or credit to compete with India through co-located projects.
Bibliometric analysis on cannibalism/infanticide and maternal aggression towards pups in laboratory rodents
Authors: Bravo José C , Ugartemendia Lierni , Barman Arko , Rodríguez Ana B , Pariente José A , Bravo Rafael
Published: February 2024

Animal welfare has evolved during the past decades to improve not only the quality of life of laboratory rodents but also the quality and reproducibility of scientific investigations. Bibliometric analysis has become an important tool to complete the current knowledge with academic databases. Our objective was to investigate whether scientific research on cannibalism/infanticide is connected with maternal aggression towards the offspring in laboratory rodents. To carry out our research, we performed a specific search for published articles on each concept. Results were analyzed in the open-source environment RStudio with the package Bibliometrix. We obtained 253 and 134 articles for the first search (cannibalism/infanticide) and the second search (maternal aggression towards the pups) respectively. We observed that the interest in infanticide/cannibalism started in the 1950s, while researchers started showing interest in maternal aggression towards the pups 30 years later. Our analyses indicated that maternal aggression had better citations in scientific literature. In addition, although our results showed some common features (e.g. oxytocin or medial preoptic area in the brain), we observed a gap between cannibalism/infanticide and maternal aggression towards the pups with only 14 published articles in common for both the searches. Therefore, we recommend researchers to combine both concepts in further investigations in the context of cannibalism for better dissemination and higher impact in laboratory rodents’ welfare research.
Doing sonic urban ethnography: Voices from Shanghai, Berlin and London
Authors: Aceska Ana , Doughty Karolina , Tiryaki Muhammet Esat , Robinson Katherine , Tisnikar Eva , Xu Fang
Published: February 2024

Matters of sound and listening are increasingly being attended to across the social sciences and humanities, reflecting what has been termed a ‘sonic turn’ since the early 2000s. In urban ethnographic research, scholars are starting to pay attention to the role of sound in social relations, in expressions of identity and senses of belonging, as well as in processes of othering. In this paper, we explore the theoretical and methodological opportunities of sonic urban ethnography, that is, an urban ethnography that foregrounds sound and listening in theoretical and methodological ways. We argue that the promise of sonic urban ethnography lies in its ability to interrupt the predominant focus on text and the visual by developing expanded practices of listening for alternative ways of knowing and engaging with the urban. We share four empirical vignettes from Shanghai, Berlin and London that illustrate, in their different ways, the power exercised through sound in the urban environment. Our discussion of the empirical cases highlights three key ‘lessons’ for doing sonic urban ethnography.
Rising Asian transactionalist players in the Middle East: deciphering the roles of China and India in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Zhang Chuchu , Ashwarya Sujata
Published: February 2024

This article examines the evolution of China and India’s involvement in the Middle East, and what it means for the region’s geopolitical landscape. Using transactionalist behavior theory, it argues that the rising Asian powers follow different trajectories in the Middle East than the conventional, established powers led by the United States. Instead of following well-designed scripts, these new players’ role making and role performance in the region serve immediate, non-systematic goals, with a focus on short-term benefits. Our case studies of the two Asian powerhouses’ interactions with GCC countries and Iran show that China is now in a better position as compared to India due to the mass resources it possesses. So far, neither Beijing nor New Delhi is interested in playing catch-up with each other or with US. Yet, the regional actors’ increasing reception of ad-hoc, mutual transactions with their new Asian benefactors regardless of common values and long-term commitment diversifies the region’s landscape, ensuring that China and India will always find a role to play.
Indigenous dance, cultural continuity, and resistance: A netnographic analysis of the Palestinian Dabke in the diaspora
Authors: Hamdonah Zeana , Joseph Janelle
Published: February 2024

Contending with the structural erasure and appropriation of their land, culture, history, and traditions imposed by the settler state, Palestinians have adopted/adapted traditional cultural elements to further their nationalist aspirations and assert their rights as Palestine’s Indigenous people. In the diaspora, Palestinians practice and perform the dabke folkdance, as a tool of anti-colonial memory maintenance and knowledge transfer. In this context, the dabke has been (re)shaped to keep up with the invasive nature of settler colonialism, by evolving to protect indigeneity, resist imagined settler geographies, and represent an embodied landmark of Palestinian existence and history. In this paper, we examine the digital platforms of a diasporic dabke dance academy in Ontario, Canada, highlighting the innovations of using social media to broadcast the teachings and performance of dabke while promoting Palestinian cultural continuity against settler colonialism. We employ the theoretical framework of sumud, a specifically Palestinian mode of steadfast anti-colonial being/becoming to explain that the performance of dance, and the subsequent broadcasting via digital social media platforms is an innovative approach to counter settler colonialism. Cultural and community leaders such as dancers, teachers, and choreographers celebrate Palestinian resilience, resistance, and restoration, while mobilizing global solidarities through social media and dance.
Investigation of a hybrid manufacturing method involving selective laser melting and sintering
Authors: Kayacan Mevlüt Yunus , Üzün Ahmet
Published: February 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been widely used in the aerospace, automotive and medical fields. However, there are obstacles, such as long manufacturing times and high costs for large parts. This study focuses on the development of a new hybrid manufacturing technique to utilize both selective laser melting and traditional powder sintering together. The shell section and the lattice structures were produced by AM, and then the metal powders remaining in the closed volume were sintered. Ti6Al4V powders were preferred in the study. The specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscope microstructure examination, compression tests, crash tests, and damage analysis. Specimens have a hardness ranging from 184 to 971 HV, a relative density ranging from 81% to 100%, a compressive strength of up to 870 MPa and a crash strength of around 520 MPa.
Dynamic Stress Ultrasound Assessment of Professional Baseball Players’ Elbows After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hanna Adeeb Jacob , Sonnier John Hayden , Fliegel Brian E. , Erickson Brandon J. , Jack Robert A. , Cohen Steven B.
Published: February 2024

Background:

There is a paucity of data analyzing dynamic stress ultrasound (SUS) findings in elite pitchers who have undergone ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR) and returned to sport.

Purpose:

To identify longitudinal, perioperative changes in the elbows of professional baseball pitchers who have undergone UCLR and to compare these findings with a matched cohort of healthy pitchers.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study used prospectively collected data from dynamic elbow SUS analyses of professional baseball pitchers within a single Major League Baseball organization. Pitchers were divided into 2 cohorts: a UCLR cohort and healthy cohort. The UCLR cohort eligibility included availability of (1) SUS from preseason of injury/UCLR and (2) SUS from ≥2 years after surgery. These players were 1:1 matched to players with no history of upper extremity injury to form the healthy cohort. Ligament thickness and ulnohumeral joint space at rest and under stress were directly measured. Joint laxity was calculated by subtracting joint space at rest from joint space under stress. The term “relative” was used to describe calculated differences where nondominant measurements were subtracted from dominant-side measurements.

Results:

Eight pitchers were included in the UCLR group and matched to 8 healthy pitchers (mean age at initial SUS examination, 19.6 years). At a minimum follow-up of 2 years, there were no significant differences between groups in terms of relative or dominant arm rest space, stress space, or laxity. Longitudinally (final measurements – baseline measurements), the mean relative ulnohumeral rest space decreased in the UCLR group and increased in the healthy group (–0.36 mm vs +0.50 mm; P = .032). The finding of increased UCL thickness in the UCLR group was expected, as UCL grafts are typically thicker than native ligaments.

Conclusion:

Ulnhohumeral joint stability was achieved after UCLR as indicated by similar rest space, stress space, and joint laxity in dominant arms compared with a matched healthy cohort. A significant decrease in relative rest space after UCLR may represent the achievement of stability in surgery patients. Alternatively, the increase in ulnohumeral rest space seen in the healthy cohort may represent adaptive changes from pitching at a professional level.
Understanding How Racism and Affect Impact Public Opinions toward Affordable Housing in the United States
Authors: Douglas Isabella P. , Chan Deland , Bencharit Lucy Zhang , Billington Sarah L.
Published: February 2024

Using a nationwide online survey ( N = 534), we investigate how individual-level characteristics and past actions are related to support of affordable housing at the neighborhood level. Several demographic characteristics, past actions, federal government trust, personal exposure, racism (symbolic racism scale), and affect (emotional connotation) are found to be significant predictors of support. We provide evidence for racism and affect being mediating factors acting in series to shape support of affordable housing. In addition to racism, individuals’ affect can potentially help explain the shift from support of hypothetical scenarios to opposition of real affordable housing development proposals and warrants continued study.
The Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Medically Refractory Pediatric Patients With Chronic Daily Headaches and Its Impact on the Quality of Life
Authors: Akbar Asra , Ford Jenna , Tripathi Sandeep
Published: February 2024

Background: Chronic migraine in children has been a challenging condition to treat, prompting the investigation of alternative therapies. This retrospective single-center chart review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Botox injections for managing chronic migraine in children. Methods: The study included children with chronic daily headaches and chronic migraine who were medically refractory to previous treatments at OSF Healthcare/Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, between 2015 and 2021. Botox injections were administered quarterly following a specific protocol. Data were obtained from electronic medical records by manual review. Results: Twenty-four patients met the inclusion criteria (median age 15.4 years, 87% female). Comorbidities included depression (41.6%) and sleep disturbances (33.2%). Prior to Botox treatment, patients had been tried on a median number of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 4, 7) medications. Botox injections resulted in a significant reduction in headache frequency, with a mean difference (6 months vs pretreatment) in the Headache Impact Test (HIT 3) scores of −19.6 (95% CI −24.8, −14.3), P < .001, and mean difference in the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores of −50.8 (95% CI −62.6, −39.0, P < .001). Subjective improvements included mood enhancement (13/24, 54.2%) and improved concentration (12/24, 50%). Treatment-related side effects were reported by 5/24 (20%) of patients and were mostly mild to moderate. Conclusions: Botox injections offer a promising therapeutic option for managing chronic migraine in children who have not responded to traditional medications. Future controlled trials and long-term follow-up studies are needed to further evaluate Botox treatment's benefits and adverse effects in children with chronic migraine.
Sustainable Consumption Consciousness and Middle-Income Class Affiliation: Theory and Evidence from Poland
Authors: Szczepaniak Małgorzata , Szulc-Obłoza Agnieszka
Published: February 2024

The paper examines the links between the consciousness of sustainable consumption and middle-income class affiliation. It contributes to two contemporarily important issues, namely sustainable consumption and the role of the middle-income class in sustainable development from the perspective of the economic processes in a post-socialist state. Considering consumption as the determinant for socioeconomic stratification, it is assumed that sustainable consumption consciousness is positively related to income-class affiliation. In the present study, two econometric models, namely logit models, were estimated regarding differences between objective and subjective middle-income class affiliations. The study is based on data collected in the middle-income class in Poland in 2021. The results of the study show that the probability of sustainable consumption consciousness is higher when individuals classify themselves as lower middle-income class based on their cognitive frame, not knowing what the income thresholds for the income classes in Poland are. It means that subjective evaluation of one’s material position matters for sustainable consumption consciousness more than objective class belonging. As economic policy recommendations, it is suggested that educational programs be designed to inform people about income class thresholds to avoid underestimation of their income situation, along with dedicated actions to develop discernment about sustainable consumption behaviors.
Isotemporal Substitution of Sedentary Time With Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older Latinos: Effects on Episodic Memory
Authors: Canton Imani , Guzman Jacqueline , Soto Yuliana , Selzer Ninomiya Ana Laura , Morales Diana , Aguiñaga Susan
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To examine the estimated effects of substituting 30 min of sedentary time with low-light physical activity (LLPA) and high-light physical activity (HLPA) on episodic memory, executive functioning, and working memory among middle-aged and older Latinos.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

Chicago and Chicagoland suburbs.

Subjects

Middle-aged and older Latinos (n = 61).

Measures

Accelerometer-assessed physical activity. A cognitive battery was administered to assess episodic memory, executive function, and working memory.

Analysis

Isotemporal substitution analyses were conducted, where unstandardized coefficients from linear regression models were used to examine the substitution effect of replacing sedentary time with LLPA and HLPA.

Results

Substitution of sedentary time with LLPA was associated with better episodic memory (Immediate recall, B = .947, P = .008; Delayed recall, B = .857, P = .013). No other significant substitution effects were present.

Conclusion

Middle-aged and older Latinos who replace sedentary time with LLPA may have better episodic memory. Future studies may target light physical activity to address cognition disparities and can inform the development of physical activity interventions that are appealing and accessible for Latinos.
Biodegradable starch-polyvinyl alcohol composite films by the incorporation of lignin for packaging applications
Authors: Wang Shihui , Hao Yanling , He Qixiang , Gao Qiqi
Published: February 2024

In this work, firstly, the optimal performance ratio of potato starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected, and then the sustainable high-grade food packaging film was developed by adding different amounts (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt% based on the starch mass) of functional additive lignin into the starch - PVA film matrix. Starch - PVA based films with different amounts of lignin were studied from the aspects of morphology, physical and chemical properties, barrier properties, mechanical properties and antioxidant properties. Mechanical tests showed that lignin significantly improved the tensile strength (TS) of the film and effectively blocked the passage of water vapor. Lignin, starch and PVA were linked by hydrogen bond to form polymer network structure, which improved the interfacial compatibility between polymers. The interaction between polymer molecules and the distribution of lignin particles were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The high content of phenolic hydroxyl in lignin undergoes proton coupled electron transfer mechanism, which endows the composite film with high antioxidant activity, which is proved by DPPH radical scavenging activity experiment. At the same time, it also gives the film excellent UV barrier and antibacterial properties. The introduction of lignin in this study provides a valuable way for the preparation of multifunctional composite films using biomass as raw materials, and has a potential application prospect in food packaging.
Reimagining postcolonial identities: The Blancs-Matignon of Guadeloupe
Authors: Ramakrishnan Mahadevi
Published: February 2024

Mariette Monpierre's and Michel Reinette’s 2022 documentary, Les Derniers Blancs Matignon de Guadeloupe, and Estelle-Sarah Bulle’s 2018 novel, Là, où les chiens aboient par la queue emblematize the complexities involved in reimagining postcolonial identities in Guadeloupe, especially that of the Blancs-Matignon. They are a mostly White, endogamous, and isolated group who have had a discreet existence in the thickly forested inland region of Grands-Fonds du Moule since the late 1600s. Through an analysis of the documentary and parts of the novel, the article explores historical, cultural, and linguistic convergences between the Blancs-Matignon and the majority Black and mixed-race population of Guadeloupe. The identity politics of weaving the narratives of the Blancs-Matignon into the matrix of Guadeloupe's contemporary society will also be examined.
The Management of Shvitra (Leukoderma) with Rakta mokshna (Jalauka vidhi) and Vaman vidhi: A Case Study
Authors: Vyas Kamal , Mahiskar Bhushan , Borkar Preeti , Singh Pratyendra Pal , Basnal Pooja , Balpande Khushali
Published: February 2024

Background

A frequent autoimmune condition that results in pigmentation all over the body is vitiligo. It is quite significant from a socio-medical perspective. A lack of melanocytes caused white patches to form on the body. In Ayurveda, it is comparable to Shvitra or Shweta Kushta. Finding some safe and efficient medications from alternative medical sciences is necessary because of the side effects and restrictions of modern contemporary practice. Vitiligo has a significant influence on patients’ quality of life; many of these people experience stigma and depression as a result of their disease. There is a lot of potential for Ayurveda to heal such autoimmune skin conditions. Treatment for Shvitra in Ayurveda includes Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Here is an example of a 27-year-old female patient with vitiligo who had Ayurvedic treatment, which included oral medication and treatments like vamana and after medicine there was a drastic change in patches.

Methodology

Vitiligo exerts a substantial impact on the quality of life for affected individuals, often inducing stigma and depression. Ayurveda demonstrates promising potential in addressing autoimmune dermatological conditions. Ayurvedic interventions for Shvitra encompass Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa.

Results

A recurrent autoimmune disorder leading to systemic pigmentation alterations is vitiligo, which holds considerable significance from a socio-medical standpoint. Depigmentation arises due to the absence of melanocytes, resulting in the manifestation of white patches on the integument. In the context of Ayurveda, vitiligo is akin to Shvitra or Shweta kushta. The exploration of safe and efficacious interventions from alternative medical disciplines becomes imperative due to the limitations and adverse effects associated with contemporary mainstream medical practices.

Conclusion

In this case study, a 27-year-old female patient diagnosed with vitiligo underwent Ayurvedic treatment, incorporating oral medications and therapeutic procedures like Vamana. Post-treatment, a remarkable transformation in depigmented patches was observed, underscoring the potential efficacy of Ayurveda in managing vitiligo.
Tools or Fools: Are We Educating Managers or Creating Tool-Dependent Robots?
Authors: Hyde Steven J. , Busby Antoine , Bonner Robert L.
Published: February 2024

This essay examines strategies for thoughtfully integrating generative AI (Gen-AI) into management curricula to enhance student learning while mitigating risks like overreliance. We make the case that outright resistance is counterproductive; instead, management educators should embrace Gen-AI’s potential to create more engaging, experiential learning aligned with andragogical principles. We provide a conceptual framework mapping nine Gen-AI objectives to the principles of andragogy. A semester-long course example illustrates this framework in action through AI activities fostering autonomy, competence, and real-world application. Student surveys revealed overwhelmingly positive perceptions of Gen-AI integration and improved exam scores. However, dependence risks remain. The essay discusses strategies to enhance critical thinking, personal growth, and academic integrity. Overall, we propose that prudent Gen-AI adoption can enrich management education, but long-term vigilance regarding overreliance is vital.
Demystifying African American Spirituality: Exploring the Measurement of Spirituality in the Context of Medical Decision-Making
Authors: Dunlop Brian C.
Published: February 2024

Many African Americans experiencing serious illness rely on their faith or spirituality to navigate the complex systemic inequities of the United States healthcare system. Yet, African American patient's faith affirmations, beliefs, and spirituality are seldom explored or understood by their clinicians. Despite the urgent need to improve palliative care utilization by this underserved and understudied patient demographic, limited research has been performed to operationally define and quantify how religious belief and/or spirituality affect medical decision-making in African American patients. While a literature search for a tool to measure the concept of African American religiosity or spirituality in medical decision-making produced no results, this review examines three valid and reliable instruments, the DUREL, the RBEC, and the FACIT-Sp-12, that palliative care clinicians and researchers may adapt or supplement with Patient Centered Outcome Research developed items to investigate the influence of faith, spirituality, and religious belief in medical decision-making within the African American patient population.
A Novel Application of Non-linear Dynamics Investigating Cognitive Workload and Situational Trust in Highly Automated Vehicles
Authors: Parcell Emily , Scott-Sharoni Sidney , Fereydooni Nadia , Walker Bruce , Lenneman John , Austin Benjamin , Yoshida Takeshi
Published: February 2024

Vehicles with driving automation are becoming increasingly present despite the reported apprehension of potential consumers. The potential benefits, such as fewer crashes, lighter traffic, and increased transportation access, give merit in researching how to engender appropriate human- automation interaction that will ensure a smoother adoption of the technology. One method involves investigating how users receive information about the vehicle. Using a simulated highly automated vehicle, researchers examined how content temporality and modality affected the situational trust and cognitive workload of 36 participants using subjective measures and 15 participants using non-linear dynamics. Researchers found only one significant main effect of temporality on workload; however, post-hoc comparisons between groups were insignificant. Nevertheless, applying non-linear dynamics to driving research is a novel and underutilized approach. Researchers, designers, and users may benefit from using real-time measures rather than aggregate scores to understand how driver behavior changes based on the environment.
Acculturation and Mental Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Horne Cassandre V.
Published: February 2024

Background: Acculturative stress theory and the healthy immigrant paradox provide conflicting frameworks from which to study the mental health of immigrant groups. This scoping review aims to provide clarity on the mental health effects of acculturation. Review Question: How are anxiety, depression, and stress expressed in the adolescent and adult children of immigrants? Method: Considering various generational classifications, 1333 articles were screened and 25 articles were selected. This review highlights the presentation of cultural stress and its mental health effects in the children of immigrants ranging from 13 to 28 years of age. Conclusions: Social support is necessary as these children and young adults work to reconcile different worldviews. There is a need for a multifaceted approach to health care that incorporates the development of culturally appropriate responses to stressors. Collaboration among health practitioners growing in cultural competency can assist this population not only in the development of coping strategies, but also in self-actualization. The conflicting results found in this review suggest a need for more work in the area of acculturation stress, to grow the understanding of health practitioners within various cultural groups in order to transform mental health clinical practice.
A modified couple stress model to analyze the effect of size-dependent on thermal interactions in rotating nanobeams whose properties change with temperature
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E , Rabih Mohammed NA , Alharbi Hind A , Megahid Sami F
Published: February 2024

Understanding the behavior of rotating materials and structures on small scales is crucial for many scientific and engineering fields, and such studies play an important role in this regard. This paper aims to propose a novel paradigm for analyzing the vibrational characteristics of thermoelastic nanobeams with diverse physical attributes. The incorporation of size effects in the structural and thermal constitutive relationships involves the consideration of nonlocal elasticity theory (NET) and the modified couple stress (MCS) model, together with the utilization of the Euler–Bernoulli assumptions for thin beams. The work also involves the development of a new non-Fourier thermoelasticity model that incorporates the Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) equation. Furthermore, it was taken into account that the thermal conductivity of the flexible materials is not consistent but rather changes with temperature. Periodic pulse heating was applied to rotating nanobeams, and the behavior of the nanobeams was investigated with respect to thermal, rotational, and length-scale effects. To demonstrate the impact of the distinctive characteristics of the MCS and MGT thermoelastic models on the physical fields, a range of numerical data are presented. The study also investigated the propagation characteristics of thermo-mechanical waves, taking into account aspects such as thermal relaxation time and the influence of temperature change on physical properties. Based on the observed results, including the size impact in the structural and thermal equations can lead to significant disparities when compared to conventional models. The inclusion of the length-scale component in the MCS theory, which increases the rigidity and hardiness of the nanobeam structure, may help to explain the observed effect.
Symptoms of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder Interactively Predict Children’s Verbal Fluency
Authors: Xing Jiayin , Wei Ran , Wang Hui , Hua Zihui , Tang Xinzhou , Yi Li , Li Xue , Liu Jing
Published: February 2024

Objective:

Verbal fluency, the capacity to generate words from a designated category, predicts myriad cognitive and life outcomes. The study investigated verbal fluency in children with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and comorbid ADHD and ASD, to understand how ADHD- and ASD-related symptoms individually and jointly predict verbal fluency, and the underlying linguistic and cognitive substrates.

Method:

Thirty-three school-aged children with ADHD, 27 with ASD, 25 with comorbid ADHD and ASD, and 39 with typical development, were assessed for ADHD and ASD symptoms and completed a semantic verbal fluency task.

Results:

Findings indicated that ADHD and ASD symptoms, especially ADHD hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and language-related ASD symptoms, interactively predicted verbal fluency across diagnostic groups.

Conclusion:

The study implicated the potential cognitive and linguistic mechanisms underlying verbal fluency differences in ADHD and/or ASD, and clinical practices on enhancing verbal fluency in these clinical groups.
Comparative Transcriptomics Data Profiling Reveals E2F Targets as an Important Biological Pathway Overexpressed in Intellectual Disability Disorder
Authors: Garg Prekshi , Jamal Farrukh , Srivastava Prachi
Published: February 2024

Intellectual disability (ID) is an early childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. It is one of the major concerns in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders across the globe. Diversified approaches have been put forward to overcome this problem. Among all these approaches, high throughput transcriptomic analysis has taken an important dimension. The identification of genes causing ID rapidly increased over the past 3 to 5 years owing to the use of sophisticated high throughput sequencing platforms. Early monitoring and preventions are much important for such disorder as their progression occurs during fetal development. This study is an attempt to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and upregulated biological processes involved in development of ID patients through comparative analysis of available transcriptomics data. A total of 7 transcriptomic studies were retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and were subjected to quality check and trimming prior to alignment. The normalization and differential expression analysis were carried out using DESeq2 and EdgeR packages of Rstudio to identify DEGs in ID. In progression of the study, functional enrichment analysis of the results obtained from both DESeq2 and EdgeR was done using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) tool to identify major upregulated biological processes involved in ID. Our findings concluded that monitoring the level of E2F targets, estrogen, and genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair, and glycolysis during the developmental stage of an individual can help in the early detection of ID disorder.
Let’s dream big! Affecting future female workers through governmental atmospheres
Authors: Plotnikof Mie , Pors Justine Grønbæk
Published: February 2024

This paper addresses the subtle, affective power of organisational discourses and practices concerning employability that target children as future workers. It develops a concept of governmental atmospheres inspired by governmentality studies and theories of affective, atmospheric power dynamics. Governmental atmospheres are defined as an affective charging of a normative setting that incites individuals to attune themselves to this setting. Based on that, the paper examines a case study of a collaboration between a small NGO and a global technology corporation inviting 10–12-year-old girls to a camp intended to raise career aspirations within technology. In three analyses, the paper unpacks how the camp mobilised and circulated affects – through spatial arrangements, sensuous stimulations and engaging practices – thereby creating atmospheres of excitement, (technological) optimism and limitless possibilities. The findings demonstrate how this atmosphere connects play, fun, dreams, societal progress, individual success, gender equality, product innovation and business models in an apparently frictionless space. This contributes to existing governmentality studies by conceptualising the pervasive powers of governmental atmospheres that induce subjects to feel and act on organisational interests in employability and the future worker in a seemingly innocent, inspirational way.
Discourses of cultural diversity and inclusion in film policy: The case of Flanders (2002–2022)
Authors: De Man Alexander , Willems Gertjan , Biltereyst Daniel
Published: February 2024

This article examines how Flemish film policy actors and industry stakeholders have conceptualized, framed and operationalized cultural diversity and inclusion over the past two decades (2002–2022). Drawing on critical discourse and interpretive policy analysis of policy documents and a series of in-depth expert interviews, we investigate how discourses of diversity in cultural policymaking are consistently shaped by (neo-)liberal continuations of deregulation, state neutrality and marketization. This article identifies three discursive shifts over the years, highlighting their complex tensions with the persistent, liberal-egalitarian principle of difference-blind universalism. Framing these tensions as a major obstacle in achieving a paradigmatic policy shift toward the inclusion of ethnic/diasporic minorities in Flemish cinema, we advance a more comprehensive way of understanding why media diversity policies have, so far, proven inadequate.
Space oddity – Reading Nirmal Puwar’s Space Invaders: race, gender and bodies out of place in decolonial times
Authors: Naidoo Roshi
Published: February 2024

UK museums are embracing decolonisation as a discourse and an institutional cultural policy. There has been a shift in the sector whereby discussions of colonial violence and white supremacy have become more common. Do we feel optimism at this turn or should we also be wary? Just as the museum has historically helped determine the canon of knowledge, it can also determine the ways in which we unpack and critique that canon. It can seek to manage its troubling ‘others’ in ways which may both give voice to them, but also contain and limit those voices. It can be the means through which it manages a fear of its own engulfment and loss of power and authority. How will institutions deal with the fact that we are not coming for ‘inclusion’ but for power? Viewed through the prism of my own work with museums and informed by Space Invaders and Puwar’s observation that black women are ‘offered the floor to speak of marginality’ (p. 73), this piece will give a personal analysis of my shifting spatial and somatic discomfort as structural and political.
Thermal balance of human body at local workplace
Authors: Ficker Tomáš
Published: February 2024

Building thermal technologists are occasionally faced with the problem of creating thermal balance in space-limited places situated in a very large cold hall whose complete heating would not be economical. A typical case may be a small local workplace in a large industrial hall. Such a workplace is usually arranged for temporary and intermittent work of one or several persons. Portable electric radiant panels as sources of heat for local workplaces seem to be convenient due to their directional heat radiation. In practice, local heating is solved intuitively using the method of trial and error, although there may be a chance to develop a numerical method to solve this problem exactly. In this paper, a new computational method is presented to create thermal balance in a local workplace situated in a large cold hall. The method intensively employs view factors in combination with the algebraic radiosity method and metabolic heat output of working persons. Although the radiant heat flows of the radiant panels represent dominant parts of their heat powers, the complete energy characterization of the panels requires adding heat transfers caused by convection. The convective heat transports have been estimated using the Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers.
Where does perceived control come from? A survey of a dormitory building across different operation modes in summer
Authors: Lu Dongyu , Yan Haiyan , Yuan Guodong , Wang Weichao
Published: February 2024

Prior studies have attributed the heightened positive thermal response during summer to perceived control. The process through which perceived control is cultivated in the built environment has been scarcely explored. A field study was conducted in a dormitory building operating successively in natural ventilation and mixed-mode in the cold region of China. A total of 922 valid samples were obtained. The data analysis indicated that the building’s operation mode impacted both perceived control and its influencing factors. In natural ventilation mode, occupants perceived less control than in mixed-mode, and perceived control was shaped by both thermal stimulus and exercised control. Conversely, in mixed-mode, the occupants’ perceived control was solely influenced by exercised control. Reflecting on this result, this study is the first to suggest a method for determining ‘perceived effectiveness’ by assessing occupants’ thermal sensations and preferences. Only air conditioning was perceived as effective, amplifying occupants’ perceived control, while other controls diminished it. In mixed-mode, control combinations incorporating air conditioning were judged to have perceived effectiveness. On this basis, further combining psychological adaptation with behavioural adaptation, active and passive technology was used to play the role of behavioural adaptation, and the upper limit of acceptable temperature for occupants was increased to 31.1°C.
Supporting young children’s metaphorical engagement through a Symbol Literacy Approach
Authors: Gellel Adrian-Mario , Deguara Josephine , Formosa Jennifer
Published: February 2024

This paper reports on an investigation into the potential effects of the Symbol Literacy Approach (SLA) on the metaphorical reasoning of 25 five-year-old children attending a Maltese Catholic School. This was implemented via six pedagogical activities comprising the ‘St. Michael Project’, which sought to prompt the children’s symbolic engagement with the Judeo-Christian myth concerning the triumph of Archangel Michael against Lucifer. In the final activity, the children’s observation, role-play and conversation were prompted in relation to a 17th-century Flemish painting depicting St. Michael, after which the children were invited to draw pictures of anything the activity had made them think about. The research data comprised video recordings of conversations held with the children during the drawing process as well as photographs of the finalised pictures. Thematic analysis subsequently revealed that the SLA had supported most of the children to engage in metaphorical reasoning, while illuminating various facets of this pivotal cognitive process.