bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Topical Insulin Management in Burns Patient Management
Authors: Chittoria Ravi Kumar
Published: November 2024

Thermal burn injuries impose significant physical and psychological distress, particularly in underdeveloped regions. Facilitating early wound healing is paramount to mitigate ensuing complications. Insulin, easily accessible, has emerged as a potential agent for expediting wound recovery. This study endeavors to assess the therapeutic efficacy of topical insulin in second and third-degree burn injuries. The research involved a 42-year-old male who was admitted with alleged history of suicidal burns involving his trunk, bilateral thigh, and bilateral axilla. The patient was initially managed with iv fluids and dressing done with insulin solution applied topically daily. Data collection encompassed demographic details, tissue culture findings, wound discharge, pain intensity, granulation tissue formation, and wound contraction.
An Overview of Genetic Testing
Authors: Malik Abrar Bakry
Published: November 2024

Since its emergence to the present day, genetic testing plays an essential role in many clinical aspects that include diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Development continues in genetic analysis as required by the latest genetic-related issues. In this review, we will discuss genetic testing techniques, the pivotal role they play in various clinical applications, and pharmacogenetic aspects of these tests.
Lost and found: a 100-year-old educational neurosurgical film by Thierry de Martel, pioneer of French neurosurgery
Authors: Pallud Johan , Roux Alexandre , Elia Angela , Wijdicks Eelco F. M. , Zanello Marc
Published: November 2024

Exchanges in medical practice are necessary for training. The use of movies for promoting medical practice was introduced in the late 19th century. The authors analyzed an unidentified movie titled Trepanation for Rolandic Zone Tumor (Trépanation pour tumeur de la zone rolandique) stored at the Établissement de Communication et de Production Audiovisuelle de la Défense of the French Ministry of Armed Forces. This silent black-and-white movie, lasting 15 minutes and depicting the removal of a meningioma, did not contain information or a legend. The surgical tools used were those developed by Thierry de Martel. The furniture and interior design shown in the film corresponded with the Vercingétorix Clinic that this surgeon had acquired in Paris. A publication from 1922 contained 14 pictures taken from the movie presented in this paper and referred to a movie directed in 1911 by Thierry de Martel. This is strong circumstantial evidence that the film was directed and the surgery was performed by Thierry de Martel at the Vercingétorix Clinic in Paris, France, in 1911 while using the technology of the Gaumont company. This is a contemporary testimony to what surgical practice was over a century ago, and it illustrates how movies were, and remain, a unique way to learn and teach medicine.
Risk factors for postoperative ileus after corrective spinal surgery: association with reduction in the retrocrural space area
Authors: Ohyama Shuhei , Kotani Toshiaki , Sakuma Tsuyoshi , Iijima Yasushi , Ogata Yosuke , Iwata Shuhei , Akazawa Tsutomu , Inage Kazuhide , Shiga Yasuhiro , Minami Shohei , Ohtori Seiji
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to determine whether a reduction in the retrocrural space (RCS) area is a risk factor for postoperative ileus (POI) in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) treated with spinal corrective surgery.

METHODS

In total, 100 patients (mean age 67.5 ± 8.3 years, 9 males and 91 females) with ASD treated with spinal corrective surgery were included in this study. Spinal parameters, including thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), and RCS area were measured pre- and postoperatively. The change (Δ) in spinal parameters was calculated. The percent change between pre- and postoperative RCS areas was calculated as ΔRCS. Patients were identified as having POI if they exhibited both gastrointestinal symptoms and radiographic findings. Each parameter was compared between patients with and without POI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed with development of POI as the dependent variable.

RESULTS

The incidence of POI was 11.0%. The RCS area was significantly smaller in the POI group than in the non-POI group (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that ΔTLK and ΔRCS were risk factors for POI (p = 0.029 and p = 0.033, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

A reduction in the RCS area is a risk factor for the development of POI after corrective spinal surgery in patients with ASD. Overcorrection of the thoracolumbar junction should be avoided to prevent POI.
Improved clinical and radiographic outcomes with expandable cages in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a propensity-matched cohort analysis
Authors: Jha Rohan , Chalif Joshua I. , Blitz Sarah E. , Yearley Alexander G. , Chavarro Velina , Lu Yi
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

The restoration of sufficient overall lumbar lordosis (LL) and segmental LL (SL) is associated with achieving optimal sagittal balance, decreasing back pain, and enhancing functional outcomes for patients. Expandable cages were developed in hopes of improving radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes, although current clinical evidence is inconclusive. Here, the authors aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing one- or two-level open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with expandable versus static cage placement, using propensity-matched cohorts.

METHODS

An institutional retrospective cohort of patients who underwent one- or two-level open TLIF with either expandable cage or static cage placement was identified. Using relevant preoperative covariates, including age, primary versus revision operation, number of cages implanted, and surgical level implanted, the authors built propensity-matched cohorts. They identified clinical outcomes in both cohorts, including operative characteristics and complication rates, along with pain, weakness, and sensory deficits over follow-up. Furthermore, they extracted and examined preoperative, postoperative, and last follow-up radiographic parameters.

RESULTS

A total of 148 patients were included, and they were followed for a mean of 1.7 years (range 0.5–4.3 years). Propensity matching was used to create cohorts of patients who were similar with respect to age, surgical indication, revision status, number of cages implanted, surgical level implanted, and length of follow-up. Patients in both groups had similar preoperative radiographic parameters. Patients with expandable cages saw larger increases in SL, both postoperatively (5.3° ± 7.5° vs 1.6° ± 5.6°, p = 0.006) and at last follow-up (5.7° ± 7.4° vs 1.0° ± 6.1°, p = 0.003). They also saw significant improvements in pelvic incidence minus LL mismatch at last follow-up (−4.4° ± 13.2° vs 5.8° ± 13.8°, p = 0.009). No differences in intraoperative or perioperative complications were found, but patients with expandable cages were less likely to require readmission, develop adjacent-segment disease, or require revision surgery. They were also more likely to be symptom free at 1 month after surgery and at last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Expandable cages lead to better restoration of radiographic features, including SL and improvements in clinical outcomes, compared with static cages in propensity-matched cohorts in patients undergoing one- or two-level open TLIFs.
Leveraging machine learning for preoperative prediction of supramaximal ablation in laser interstitial thermal therapy for brain tumors
Authors: Rivera Cameron A. , Bhatia Shovan , Uppalapati Venkat , Berke Chandler N. , Merenzon Martin A. , Daggubati Lekhaj C. , Levy Adam S. , Shah Ashish H. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Ivan Michael E.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

Maximizing safe resection in neuro-oncology has become paramount to improving patient survival and outcomes. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) offers similar survival benefits to traditional resection, alongside shorter hospital stays and faster recovery times. The extent of ablation (EOA) achieved using LITT is linked to patient outcomes, with greater EOA correlating with improved outcomes. However, the preoperative predictors for achieving supramaximal ablation (EOA ≥ 100%) are not well understood. By leveraging machine learning (ML) techniques, this study aimed to identify these predictors to enhance patient selection and therefore outcomes. The objective was to explore preoperative predictors for supramaximal EOA using ML in patients with glioblastoma.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 254 patients undergoing LITT from 2013 to 2023 at a single tertiary center. Cohort criteria included age ≥ 18 years, diagnosis of glioblastoma, single-trajectory ablation, and a complete dataset. The study assessed preoperative clinical and radiographic factors, using EOA ≥ 100% as the endpoint. Five ML models were used: logistic regression, random forest (RF), gradient boosting, Gaussian naive Bayes, and support vector machine. Training and testing cohorts were subsequently assessed across ML models with fivefold cross-validation. Models were optimized using hyperparameter tuning. Performance was primarily quantified using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTS

The final cohort consisted of 72 patients. Among the ML models, RF achieved the highest AUC (mean ± SD 0.94 ± 0.06). The leading models identified that lower preoperative volume, history of prior radiation therapy, history of prior craniotomy, preoperative neurological deficits, history of preoperative seizures, and distance from intracranial heat sinks were predictive of successful ablations in patients. Additionally, RF had the best mean metrics: accuracy 0.88, precision 0.87, specificity 0.87, and sensitivity 0.89.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to investigate the role of ML for optimizing ablation volumes in LITT. These ML models suggest that low preoperative volumes, previous craniotomy, previous radiation therapy, no previous neurological deficits, larger catheter–heat sink distance, and the presence of preoperative seizures are important prognostic factors for predicting successful supramaximal ablations with LITT.
Patient-reported outcome and preference after craniotomy and laser interstitial thermal therapy ablation: a pilot study
Authors: Peña Pino Isabela , Bartek Jiri , Ben-Haim Sharona , Chen Clark C.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive procedure that allows cytoreduction of brain tumors and can be considered as an alternative to craniotomy. The authors surveyed 27 patients who underwent both craniotomy and LITT during distinct stages of their oncology journey to assess patient-reported outcomes comparing both procedures.

METHODS

A 9-question survey was developed and validated to assess patient-reported postoperative recovery, pain level, narcotic use, and procedure preference. The survey was administered to patients with WHO grade II–IV gliomas who underwent both craniotomy and LITT.

RESULTS

The survey was reviewed by independent surgeons, patient advocates, and patients for face validity and showed > 90% intrarater agreement over time. The cohort had a mean age of 57 ± 12 years, and 78% had glioblastoma. There was no significant difference in symptomatic improvement postcraniotomy or post-LITT (30% vs 4%, p = 0.17). Similarly, no significance was detected in patient-reported recovery time from craniotomy (time required to return to preoperative state: mean 4.3 ± 9.1 weeks, median 2 weeks) or LITT (mean 2 ± 2.3 weeks, median 1 week; p = 0.21). Notably, postsurgical pain (0–10 on the visual analog scale) and need for narcotic use in the first week (yes/no) after the procedure were significantly lower post-LITT (average visual analog scale score 1.7 vs 5 points, narcotic use 4% vs 81%; p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). When asked which procedure they would choose—having experienced both craniotomy and LITT—surveyed patients overwhelmingly chose LITT over craniotomy (89% vs 11%, p < 0.0001). Of note, the patients who preferred craniotomy experienced improved neurological function postcraniotomy or suffered new deficits post-LITT.

CONCLUSIONS

In this pilot study, patients reported less pain and narcotic use post-LITT relative to craniotomy and generally preferred the former procedure if given the choice. Validation of these results in future studies can help inform decision-making in clinical scenarios where there is equipoise between LITT and craniotomy.
Risk factors for abusive head trauma in the pediatric population
Authors: Adachi Kaho , Srivatsa Adith , Raymundo Allison , Bhargava Daksh , Mehta Ankit I.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of death from physical child abuse in children younger than 5 years of age in the United States. The mortality rate among patients with AHT is 25%, and the recurrence rate of child abuse rises to 35% when there is a lack of intervention. Thus, identifying child abuse is crucial yet especially challenging for infants and toddlers as they are preverbal. Current guidelines for child abuse do not sufficiently address the specific needs of a younger population. This study aimed to evaluate clinical factors associated with abuse among such populations.

METHODS

The National Trauma Data Bank was queried from 2017 to 2019 for patients younger than 3 years with acute head trauma. Patients who were suspected of having experienced child abuse (suspected child abuse [SCA] group) were propensity score matched with patients who were not suspected of having experienced child abuse (non-SCA group) based on demographics, comorbidities, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores. Paired Student t-test and chi-square tests were used to compare differences in hospital outcomes between the two groups. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with SCA (p < 0.05).

RESULTS

The authors identified 10,844 patients in the SCA group and 27,912 in the non-SCA group. Regression analysis results showed that patients in the SCA group had higher rates of prematurity (OR 2.30, p < 0.001), GCS scores < 13 (OR 1.79, p < 0.001), congenital disorders (OR 1.56, p < 0.001), and public insurance use (68.38% vs 52.88% p < 0.001). Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to be in the SCA group (OR 1.56, p < 0.001 and OR 1.35, p < 0.001, respectively). Following propensity score matching, SCA patients had a longer length of hospital stay (3.17 vs 1.34 days, p < 0.001) and higher mortality rate (4.89% vs 3.58%, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Acute head injuries in the SCA group were associated with prematurity, congenital disorder, low GCS score, and public insurance use. As such, the current guidelines should implement clinical history and insurance type to better reflect the at-risk patient population when evaluating infants and toddlers for potential abuse. There could be overidentification of child abuse among Black and Hispanic patients, and further research is warranted.
Treatment of sleep-disordered breathing among children with myelomeningocele
Authors: Stewart Addison , Rau Stephanie , Shellhaas Renée A. , Woodward Jason , Hopson Betsy , Arynchyna-Smith Anastasia , Shamblin Isaac , Blount Jeffrey P. , Pascoe John E. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Johnston James M. , Maddox Mary Halsey , Rocque Brandon G.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

Studies have shown a high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) among children with myelomeningocele (MMC), but there are few published data on the longitudinal care of these patients. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of standard treatments for SDB in children with MMC.

METHODS

The authors analyzed records from three multidisciplinary spina bifida clinics to identify all patients with both MMC and SDB diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG). The primary outcome of this study was a change in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; the number of apneic or hypopneic events per hour of sleep) before and after clinically recommended SDB treatments. Clinical and demographic variables were recorded and evaluated for possible association with posttreatment improvement of AHI. Analysis included change in AHI (a continuous variable) and whether SDB improved (defined as an AHI < 2.5 or decrease of AHI by ≥ 50% from baseline).

RESULTS

Seventy-one eligible patients (aged 2 days–21 years, 52% male) had an initial AHI > 2.5 and had follow-up PSG after treatment for SDB. The mean AHI decreased from 20.5 (SD 21.6) at baseline to 11.6 (SD 15.7) after treatment (p = 0.0006). Children treated with supplemental oxygen and with continuous positive airway pressure had improvement on PSG (18 of 25 and 12 of 18, respectively). Children treated with adenotonsillectomy were less likely to improve (7 of 19). Forty-one patients (58%) improved from a baseline AHI > 2.5 to an AHI < 2.5 after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Children with MMC and SDB who undergo standard SDB treatments guided by pediatric sleep medicine physicians show improvement in PSG parameters after treatment.
Effectiveness of plant extracts against Alternaria leaf blight (Alternaria alternata) infecting tomato
Authors: BAVALIYA P. M. , TALAVIYA J. R. , SHAH K. D. , SAVALIYA V. A. , LATHIYA S. V.
Published: November 2024

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most remunerative and widely grown vegetables in the world. This crop is affected by major fungal pathogens (viz., early blight, late blight, wilt, collar rot, damping off and powdery mildew), among them early blight (Alternaria alternata) is considered as most important one. Among the phyto-extracts tested, the majority were found effective in inhibiting the radial growth of test fungus and highest inhibition was in neem, garlic and turmeric extracts at 10 % concentration which recorded 80.86, 79.34 and 75.24 % inhibition, respectively.
Effectiveness of systemic fungicides against tomato early blight (Alternaria alternata)
Authors: BAVALIYA P. M. , TALAVIYA J. R. , SHAH K. D. , SAVALIYA V. A. , LATHIYA S. V.
Published: November 2024

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most remunerative and widely grown vegetables in the world. This crop is affected by major fungal pathogens (viz., early blight, late blight, wilt, collar rot, damping off and powdery mildew), among them early blight (Alternaria alternata) is considered as most important one. Among the fungicide tested, the majority were found effective in inhibiting the radial growth of test fungus and highest inhibition was observed in propiconazole 25 EC at 250 and 500 ppm concentration; difenoconazole 25 EC and tebuconazole 25.9 EC at 500 ppm concentration which were equally effective and completely inhibited the mycelial growth and proved significantly superior over rest of the treatments.
Screening of different groundnut genotypes/varieties against Spodoptera litura (Fab.)
Authors: DUDHATRA MEET C. , BHARADIYA A. M. , MAKANI JENISH D. , PATEL PRIYEN J. , RAVALIYA DHARNAT K.
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the Main Oilseeds Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India in 2023 during the kharif season to screen different groundnut genotypes/varieties against Spodoptera litura (Fab.). The field screening of 30 different genotypes/varieties of groundnut against S. litura revealed that JVB-2597 exhibited the lowest number of larvae (0.55 larvae/plant), while JVB-2577 showed the highest infestation level (2.01 larvae/plant). From the categorization, it was revealed that JVB-2597, JSSP-76, JB-1572, J-108 and JVB-2607 are resistant to S. litura, with infestation ranging from 0.53 to 0.90 larvae per plant. Conversely, JSSP-69, JB-1585, J-118, J-111 and JVB-2577 are susceptible, by recording infestation levels between 1.75 to 2.01 larvae per plant.
Flora of conjugates (Charophyta, Zygnematophyceae) of waterbodies of northwestern Russia
Authors: Luknitskaya A. F.
Published: November 2024

Summary data on the flora of Zygnematophyceae in the Northwestern European Russia (Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions) are presented for the first time. In total, 294 species, 36 varieties and 8 forms of 33 generaarelisted. The following genera are represented by the greatest number of species:Cosmarium(84 species and 7 varieties),Closterium(42 species, 8 varieties and 1 form), andStaurastrum(41 species and 5 varieties). 22 species and 3 varieties rare for the studied region were found, including 4 species (Сosmarium tessellatum,C. schröderi,Micrasterias americana, andSphaerozosma leave) rare in the world flora.
Anther formation in Monanthess anaginensis and M. muralis (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Anisimova G. M. , Shamrov I. I.
Published: November 2024

Similarities and differences betweenMonanthesanagensisandM. muraliswere revealed as a result of the study of their anther development and structure. The similarities: 4-locular isobilateral (on transverse section) anther with a 4-rayed connective; it does not fuse with the filament in the basal part, and the connective is visible only in the middle part; and in the upper and lower parts of the anther, the microsporangia of each theca are fused with their lateral surfaces; the microsporangium wall on the distal side is formed according to the centrifugal type; simultaneous microsporogenesis, tetrahedral tetrads of microspores, 2-celled pollen grains; tannins accumulate in the epidermal cells on the distal side of the microsporangium wall; parietal tapetum (amoeboid tapetum as a variation). Differences: length of anther zones; initial stages of microsporangium formation; the structure of the formed microsporangium wall: four (M. anagensis) or five (M. muralis) layers of cells, with the species differing in the number of middle layers; the process of specialization of endothecium cells, namely inM. muralisthe cells increase in radial direction after the stage of prophase I of meiosis, while inM. anagensisafter the stage of microspore tetrads; destruction of cell walls in the tapetum occurs at the stage of microspore tetrads inM. anagensis,and of single microspores inM. muralis.
Based on the complex of characteristics of the anther structure and development, the studied species of the genusMonanthesshow the greatest similarity with members of the generaAeoniumandSedum. The data obtained are not in conflict with cladistic constructs. The studied speciesAeonium balsamiferumandA. ciliatum, as well asMonanthes anagensisandM. muralisbelong to the same Aeonium clade, taking an intermediate position between the Telephium (Sedumkamtschaticum) and Acre (S. palmeri) clades.
Androdioecy in Caltha palustris (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Godin V. N.
Published: November 2024

The article contains the first detailed report on androdioecy inCaltha palustrisL., a short-rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted herbaceous perennial, based on the studies conducted in the Moscow Region from 2021 to 2023.C. palustrisproduces flowers of two types: perfect and staminate (remains of carpels with non-functioning stigmas are preserved). Most of the studied individuals had larger perfect flowers, and their elements were always larger than those of staminate flowers. The studied populations consisted of three types of individuals: ones with perfect flowers only, ones with both perfect and staminate flowers, and ones bearing staminate flowers only. The synflorescence ofC. palustrisis a closed thyrsus, its subunits are dichasia. In andromonoecious plants, perfect flowers take a terminal position on both the thyrsus axis and in the dichasia of the paracladia, while staminate flowers are formed exclusively on the lateral axes of the dichasia. Most plants in the studied populations had perfect flowers (from 87.3 to 95.0%). Over a three-year observation period, the individuals of different sexual forms showed no evidence of sex change, and the ratio of different kinds of plants remained stable with only minor fluctuations.
Constructive organization of forest-forming tree species growing in the middle zone of European Russia
Authors: Kostina M. V. , Barabanshchikova N. S. , Nedoseko O. I. , Stamenov M. N.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this report is to reveal features of structural organization of 12 species of trees of the temperate zone, which constitute the first layer of phytocenoses, from the standpoint of the concept of C. Edelin (1991). The structural organization of the studied species is based on the principle of hierarchic construction of the crown, i.e. the subordination of lateral skeletal axes to the main axis, the trunk.In flowering plants, sympodial growth is widespread, in one of its variants there are prerequisites for the appearance of elements of polyarchic organization in the crown – two equivalent axes forming a fork, which sometimes leads to a bifurcation of the trunk.Subsequent differentiation of the fork axes into the leading and subordinate can lead to the formation of branches that exceed the branches of the hierarchic organization in terms of durability and power. The appearance of elements of a polyarchic organization is less determinate than of the elements of a hierarchic one. Among the studied species, the forks appear less often inPicea abies, and more often inSalix albaandS. pentandra. In shade-tolerant species under low light conditions, the inclusion of elements of a polyarchic organization in a hierarchic structure underlies the formation of an umbellate crown, and in open space in all species, exceptPicea abies, it allows forming more spreading crown. No correlation was revealed between the structural organization of the studied species and their role in the successional system, as well as between their longevity and shade resistance.
New genus Schvedovia (Schvedoviales, Schvedoviacea) from the Late Permian of Central Siberia
Authors: Sadovnikov G. N.
Published: November 2024

Yavorskyia radczenkoviiSchvedov from the Permian volcanites of Central Siberia was previously considered a cicadophyte, but differs from other species of the genus (including the type speciesYavorskyia mungatica) by inclined (vs. almost perpendicular to the rachis) position of catadromous leaf segments, and veins non-parallel to their lateral edges. The structures which are probably megasporangia (on anadromous segments) and microsporangia (on catadromous segments) have been found on such leaves from the Kochumdek-5 locality in the Lower Tunguska basin. A new genusSchvedoviahas been distinguished, conditionally assigned to the heterosporous ferns.
Contribution to the flora of Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae: Chromulinales, Paraphysomonadales) of the waterbodies of the steppe zone (Orenburg region)
Authors: Ignatenko M. E. , Yatsenko-Stepanova T. N. , Mindolina Yu. V. , Nasyrova M. A.
Published: November 2024

In the waterbodies of different types of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals, 19 taxa of silica-scaled Chrysophyceae belonging to the orders Chromulinales and Paraphysomonadales have been recorded. Among them, 16 taxa of the infrageneric rank were recorded for the first time for the studied territory; two species (Lepidochromonas cancellataandPolylepidomonas vacuolata) are new to the flora of Russia. New localities have been revealed of four species rare in the flora of Russia:L. poteriophora,L. stelligera,L. subrotacea, andParaphysomonas caelifrica. For each discovered taxon, data on its morphology, locality, and distribution are provided. All findings are illustrated with microphotographs taken using scanning electron microscopy.
Viola orientalis (Violaceae) – a new species for the flora of Sakhalin Island (Russian Far East)
Authors: Koroteeva T. I. , Espeut M.
Published: November 2024

The occurrence ofViola orientalis(Maxim.) W. Becker, a species of yellow-flowered violet, is reported for Sakhalin Island for the first time. The data on natural habitats and abundance of this species as well as its differences from other yellow-flowered violets growing in the Sakhalin Region are provided. The identification key for the species of yellow-flowered violets of the Russian Far East is complied.
Peter Yakovlevich Kornuch-Trotsky (1804–1877). To the 220th anniversary
Authors: Fomina L. V. , Kadyrova L. R. , Sitnikov A. P.
Published: November 2024

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Theoretical and experimental study of diffraction by a thin cone
Authors: Laptev A. Yu. , Korolkov A. I. , Shanin A. V.
Published: November 2024

A problem of diffraction of ultrasound acoustic waves by an acute-angled hard cone is studied. Within the framework of the parabolic equation method, an analytical solution of the problem for an arbitrarily located point source is built. Specifically, the problem is reduced to the Volterra boundary integral equation, which can be solved using the Fourier transform. An experimental measurement of the diffracted field is carried out. The experiment is based on the MLS method adapted for narrowband sound sources. A comparison of experimental and theoretical results is provided.
Thermal ablation of soft tissue by a single shock wave sonication of discrete foci within the given volume
Authors: Pestova P. A. , Yuldashev P. V. , Khokhlova V. A. , Karzova M. M.
Published: November 2024

New protocols have been developed for shockwave irradiation of soft tissue volumes using trajectories uniformly filled within the given shape by discrete foci, while pulsed millisecond sonication immediately formed a single ablation. The influence of the initial peak power with the same time-average power, the interfocus distance and the geometry of the external contour of the trajectory on the shape, volume and ablation rate was analyzed. The most advantageous is the saturation mode using a trajectory with an interfocus step 1.5 times greater than the transverse size of a single lesion. To obtain volumes of thermal ablation on the order of cubic centimeters, layer-by-layer sonication protocols are proposed, which allow to 2.5 times greater thermal ablation rate compared with protocols used in clinical practice. The advantage of the proposed shockwave protocols is the possibility of obtaining localized and predictable thermal damage without accompanying MRI monitoring.
Fuzzy sets and big data in three-dimensional interpretation of seismic zoning
Authors: Gvishiani A. D. , Fomenko N. A. , Dzeboev B. A.
Published: November 2024

Natural hazards and disasters are destructive, lead to serious material damage and a large number of casualties, and in most cases occur suddenly. One of these hazardous natural disasters is earthquakes. The article is devoted to studying the possibility of using fuzzy sets for processing Big Data to reduce the destructive consequences of earthquakes. The article proposes a new possible approach to interpreting the results of seismic zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries.
The article is based on the materials of the scientific report made at the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Hazardous Natural Phenomena and Disasters: Causes, Consequences, Prevention Possibilities (Laverov Readings – 2024)”.
Seismoacoustics in Arctic seas: fundamental principles for improving monitoring technologies
Authors: Sobisevich A. L. , Dmitrichenko V. P.
Published: November 2024

The results of the development of scientific foundation of technology for passive geohydroacoustic monitoring of Arctic seas are presented, including theoretical studies of the conditions for the origin and propagation of wave fields generated by induced geodynamic processes in the layered structure “lithosphere – hydrosphere – ice cover”, the solution of a separate class of problems within the framework of a fundamental scientific problem, related to the search for innovative, environmentally safe geophysical technologies to outline the local heterogeneities, as well as the creation of prototypes, laboratory and full-scale testing of prototypes of new generation ice-based geohydroacoustic buoys. The method for estimating parameters of floating ice (thickness, density, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio) in passive mode was proposed and tested in a field experiment. Particular attention is paid to the state of scientific and practical groundwork regarding the possibilities of developing methods for passive geohydroacoustic monitoring of the Arctic seas.
Geological hazards on the territory of Russia: their distribution and development prediction
Authors: Voznesensky E. A.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the regularities of distribution of manifestations of dangerous geological processes on the territory of Russia and the issues of their reliable forecast. It is demonstrated that local forecast of dangerous processes development is always directed to a specific object, phenomenon or group of phenomena within limited territories and implies the calculation of some parameter characterizing the stability of the soil massif, for which a certain calculation model is necessarily applied. And the success of the forecast depends on the quality of this model and the reliability of the experimental parameters entered into it. In deterministic calculation, the variability of causes causing the process is obviously or unobviously neglected in order to minimize the number of possible consequences. In the probabilistic variant, more possible combinations of acting factors are usually considered by enumeration. Unfortunately, it cannot be claimed that this increases the reliability of calculations, since the key point is the quality of the calculation model used and the consideration of the heterogeneity of the environment.
Technical, hardware and software solutions for monitoring natural processes in the southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: A.I. Zaytsev A. I. , Dolgikh G. I. , Dolgikh S. G. , Pelinovsky E. N.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents measuring systems that are used to monitor natural processes in the southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. The research is carried out at the scientific hospital “Svobodny Cape”. The architecture of the devices is presented, which makes it possible to organize the registration of measurements and the transmission of wave data in real time. The results of recording abnormally large waves are obtained. Also, for the first time in this region, work was carried out to monitor the ice situation using radar. Laser interference devices have been installed at the Svobodny Cape scientific hospital to register variations of vibrations and waves flowing in geospheres. During the processing of full-scale data from laser interference devices, deformation anomalies characteristic of tsunamigenic earthquakes were detected, and patterns of transformation of vibrations and waves of different periods during the transition from one geosphere to another were studied.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN VIDEO INTERAKTIF BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN IPAS MATERI ENERGI DALAM KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: Wedyawati Nelly , Febriani Viona , Warkintin Warkintin
Published: November 2024

This research aims to develop interactive video learning media based on local culture to improve the fourth grade of students learning outcomes, especially energy in everyday life thema. This is a research and development using the ADDIE method which is analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects involved 110 students from several elementary schools in Sintang. The data collected through expert validation, user responses, as well as various statistical tests such as validity, reliability and hypothesis testing. The research results showed that the media developed was considered very feasible by media experts (85.93%) and appropriate by material experts (75%). Student and teacher responses to this media were also good, with scores of 80.36% and 77% respectively in the wide-scale test. The increase in student learning outcomes can be seen from the pretest score of 28.81% and posttest 78.36%, so this media has proven to be effective in improving student learning outcomes.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DIRECT INSTRUCTION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SATUAN WAKTU SISWA KELAS II SD
Authors: Ramdhani Novia , Fauziyyah Hana , Dewi Nur Komala , Nabila Nabila , Fallah Siti Salwa Nurul , Rizwan Muhamad , Hopeman Teofilus Ardian
Published: November 2024

This study aims to describe the improvement of learning outcomes of grade II elementary school students in Mathematics through the direct instruction model on the material of time units. The study adopted Classroom Action Research (CAR) with four (4) stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of the study were 44 grade II students of Elementary School 1 Lembursawah, consisting of 24 female students and 20 male students. Data collection tools used repeat tests and observations. The data analysis technique used was the recapitulation of students' pretest and posttest scores from cycles I and II. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the direct instruction model can improve Mathematics learning outcomes of grade II students. It can be seen from the students' completeness in cycle I of 68% increasing to 84% in cycle II. It means that student learning outcomes increase gradually from cycle I to cycle II by 16%. Therefore, direct instruction model can improve students' understanding of the content of time units in the Mathematics subject of grade II elementary school.
PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR: SEBUAH KAJIAN LITERATUR
Authors: Cahyani Christina Wahyu , Djudin Tomo
Published: November 2024

The environment actually has an important role in science learning in elementary schools. The environment can be in the form of the natural environment, social environment, or local culture as local wisdom. This article aims to find out the application, obstacles and benefits of environment-based science learning. The type of research in this paper is a literature study by analyzing various scientific articles. The data analysis technique uses the content analysis method. The results found that the application of environment-based science learning in elementary schools includes the use of modules, learning models, learning media and methods. Obstacles in implementing environment-based science learning in elementary schools include lack of training, limited time, ability to manage learning outside the classroom, low scientific literacy, and limited reading sources about science that are appropriate to the child's age. The benefits of implementing environment-based science learning in elementary schools include improving the quality of learning and student learning outcomes, making learning meaningful, increasing student awareness, curiosity and motivation.
Pelatihan Konseling Pemberian Makan Anak Stunting Di Desa Melayu Timur Tahun 2023
Authors: Farhat Yasir , Pratiwi Niken , Nurhamidi Nurhamidi , Abdurrachim Rijanti , Aprianti Aprianti , Anwar Rosihan , Mahpolah Mahpolah
Published: November 2024

Stunting atau sering disebut kerdil atau pendek adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak berusia di bawah lima tahun (balita) akibat kekurangan gizi kronis dan infeksi berulang terutama pada periode 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK), yaitu dari janin hingga anak berusia 2 tahun. Masa 1000 HPK disebut juga periode emas sekaligus periode kritis. Masa ini juga sangat berkaitan dengan status gizi balita, penyebab langsung terjadinya masalahgizi adalah kurangnya asupan gizi dan penyakit infeksi. Asupan gizi pada 1000 HPK tidak lepas dari standar Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA). Menurunkan angka stunting dengan cara pemberian konseling pemberian makanan anak stunting, dengan cara konseling pemberian makanan anak stunting dan pemberian makanan anak sesuai dengan usia. Metode yang dilaksanakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan konseling pemberian makanan anak stunting dan pendampingan konseling pemberian makanan anak stunting. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji beda Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan (r=0,00) dalam adanya perubahan pengetahuan. Rekomendasi pelatihan untuk agen motivator dan pelatihan di lokasi yang lain sehingga bisa terbentuk kelompok motivator setiap wilayah binaan.
Perceived Overqualification and Innovative Work Behavior: The Effects of Work Engagement and Organizational Support
Authors: Sen Leyla , Çalışkan Eda
Published: November 2024

Strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) focuses on selecting employees who fit the organization’s culture while enhancing its competitive advantage. However, effective HRM extends beyond role alignment; it emphasizes continuous learning, career development, and nurturing employee motivation and commitment. This study explores how work engagement mediates and organizational support moderates the relationship between the overqualification of workers and innovative work behavior. Data were collected through online surveys. A total of 416 white collar-employees participated. The findings indicate that organizational support strengthens the relations between innovation and overqualification while work engagement mediates the relationship. These findings highlight the importance of organizational context in promoting innovation, showing that even overqualified employees can contribute to innovative behaviors when they are properly supported and motivated.
Teacher Students' Views on the Anchoring of the Shoah into the Czech Normative Educational Curriculum
Authors: Mašát Mgr. Milan
Published: November 2024

This paper presents ways and forms of anchoring the term Shoah in normative educational documents. The partial results of a research investigation are presented to find out the preconceptions of students of teaching in the field, including the phenomenon of the Shoah in the educational process. The quantitative research survey was conducted through a non-standardized, twenty-four-question questionnaire. The first eight were aimed at obtaining information about the respondents (e.g., year and form of study, study program, etc.). We presented the results as a comparison of partial results of research investigations, i.e., the research partial results and the results of a survey we conducted among practicing teachers. Based on the results of the questionnaire item concerning their opinion on the normative framing of the concept of the Shoah in Framework Educational Program for Primary Education, it can be stated that both groups of respondents would have welcomed it; however, a higher percentage of positive answers came from future teachers (55% versus 77.04%). We perceive the presented research as a first step towards a possible targeted intervention in the field of teacher training in possible work with the topic of the Shoah and its possible cross-cutting inclusion in the educational process. On the other hand, it must be stated that the young generation, i.e., student teachers, are aware of the necessity to apply the problems of the contemporary world to teaching, with or without the support of its curricular anchoring.
सहकारिता और शिक्षा का समन्वयः युवाओं और शैक्षणिक संस्थानों के संदर्भ में
Authors:   उपाध्यक्ष, शिक्षण संस्थानों में सहकारिता, अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सहकारी संघ (ICA-AP) समिति, सह-प्राध्यापिका, एसोसिएट प्रोफेसर, श्री राम कॉलेज ऑफ़ कॉमर्स, दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय।, कुमार मल्लिका
Published: November 2024

इस शोध पत्रिका में शिक्षा के संदर्भ में सहकारिता के मूल्यांकन को प्रस्तुत किया है। इसमें वर्तमान में बेरोजगारी एवं असमानता की चुनौतियों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने के साथ-साथ यह भी बताया गया है कि किस तरह ये सहकारी समितियाँ एक जन-केंद्रित ढाँचे (मॉडल) के रूप में उन चुनौतियों का सामना करने में मदद कर सकती हैं। सहकारिता का अर्थव्यवस्था के विकास में विशेष योगदान है। इसी कारण संयुक्त राष्ट्र ने दूसरी बार वर्ष 2025 को अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सहकारिता वर्ष घोषित किया है। सहकारिता से समृद्धि के लिए, भारत में जुलाई 2021 में सहकारिता मंत्रालय की स्थापना की गई। अब पाठ्îक्रम में भी सहकारी शिक्षा को एकीकृत करने और युवाओं को सहकारिता के प्रति जागरूक करने का सुझाव दिया गया है। और यह विश्वास जताया है कि शिक्षकों, संस्थानों, युवाओं और समुदायों के सहयोग से सहकारिता द्वारा देश का समावेशी और सतत् विकास होगा।
भारत के चुनाव आयोग की बदलती भूमिकाः मुद्दे और चुनौतियां
Authors:   सहायक आचार्य लोकप्रसासन विभाग, सी. डी. ओ. ई. एजुकेशन, पंजाब विश्वविधालय, चंडीगढ़।, कुमार अनिल
Published: November 2024

भारत के संविधान द्वारा स्थापित एक स्थायी और स्वतंत्र निकाय भारत निर्वाचन आयोग को देश में स्वतंत्र और निष्पक्ष चुनाव करने की जिम्मेदारी सौंपी गई है। दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा लोकतांत्रिक देश होने के नाते, संसद और राज्य विधानसभाओं के आम चुनाव कराना भारत के चुनाव आयोग के लिए सहज काम नहीं है। हर चुनाव में एक खामी रह जाती है जो भारत के चुनाव आयोग को कुशल बनने और जनता की नजरों में एक बेदाग छवि बनाने में बाधा डालती है। चुनावों में विभिन्न चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ता है जैसे बुनियादी ढांचे, वित्त, कर्मियों, नागरिकों और मतदाताओं के बीच जागरूकता की कमी, केंद्र सरकार और राज्य सरकारों के साथ समन्वय, राजनीतिक दबाव, नामांकन दाखिल करना, धन और बाहुबल का दुरुपयोग, खर्च की सीमा, फंडिंग पैटर्न से संबंधित कई मुद्दे, राजनीति के अपराधीकरण की जाँच, चुनावी धोखाधड़ी, स्वच्छ मतदाता सूची तैयार करना, मतदाता सूची का दोहराव और भारत के चुनाव आयोग की रिपोर्ट का विश्लेषण आदि। भारत के चुनाव आयोग की पारंपरिक भूमिका और कार्य समय की आवश्यकता और प्रगति के अनुसार बदलते रहे हैं। भारत के चुनाव आयोग ने चुनावों में कदाचार की जाँच के लिए विभिन्न तरीकों से आवश्यक कदम उठाए हैं। यह पत्र आयोग की वास्तविक स्थितियों और समस्याओं को जानने का प्रयास करता है और भारत के चुनाव आयोग के सामने आने वाले मुद्दों, समस्याओं और चुनौतियों का विस्तृत अध्ययन करता है। अध्ययन भारत के चुनाव आयोग की रिपोर्ट और कुछ प्रकाशित लेखों के माध्यम से किया गया है।
वैकल्पिक विवाद निपटान व्यवस्था
Authors:   सहायक प्रोफेसर, राजनीति विज्ञान विभाग, भारती कॉलेज, दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय।, कुमारी लुके
Published: November 2024

भारतीय न्यायिक व्यवस्था मूल रूप से अंग्रेजी न्यायिक संहिता पर आधारित है। जिसे हम भारतीय आपराधिक दंड संहिता तथा भारतीय नागरिक संहिता के मध्य विभाजित कर सकते हैं आपराधिक दंड संहिता के दो हिस्से हैं। प्रथम, तात्विक न्याय तथा प्रक्रियात्मक न्याय। इन्हीं के मध्यनजर भारत में विवादों के समाधान की प्रक्रिया को पूरा किया जाता है। हम जानते हैं कि भारत जैसे विकासशील देश में न्यायाधीशों और न्यायालयों की कम संख्या न्याय प्राप्ति की प्रक्रिया को बाधित करती है। न्याय की मूल माँग है कि उचित समय में व्यक्ती को उसका हक प्राप्त हो सके। वैकल्पिक विवाद निपटान व्यवस्था भारतीय न्याय प्रणाली को वह आधार प्रदान करती है जिससे कि न्याय की पहुँच पंक्ति में खड़े सबसे अंतिम व्यक्ति को भी प्राप्त हो सके।
भारत में जल अभिशासनः सैद्धांतिक और क़ानूनी पृष्ठभूमि
Authors:   राजनीति विज्ञान विभाग, दीनदयाल उपाध्याय महाविद्यालय, दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय।, कुमार विकास
Published: November 2024

इक्कीसवीं सदी के प्रारंभ तक यह स्पष्ट हो गया कि दुनिया जल संकट की अवस्था से गुजर रहा है जिसका असर आम-आदमी सहित सरकारों के काम-काज पर भी समान रूप से दिखाई देने लगा है। लेकिन इस समस्या की प्रमाणिकता को लेकर आम चर्चा और बहस 1970 के दशक के बाद से प्रारंभ हुई। इस बहस ने इस बात को स्थापित किया कि दुनिया की एक बड़ी आबादी के पास स्वास्थ्य और सम्मानजनक जीवन जीने के लिए पर्याप्त मात्रा में पीने योग्य जल उपलब्ध नहीं है जो एक तरह से आम जनमानस और सरकारों के लिये संकट का उद्घोष है। देश-दुनिया में इसके कारणों को लेकर छिड़ी बहस से मुख्यतौर पर दो तरह के विश्लेषण उभर कर सामने आए। पहला, ‘माल्थुसियन प्रभाव’, जो संसाधनों की कमी, जनसंख्या का दबाव और सीमित विकास के संदर्भ में था। लेकिन दो दशक बाद ही जल संकट को लेकर दूसरा विश्लेषण मुख्य धारा में स्थापित हो गया जिसका मानना था कि विश्व में जल संकट की समस्या से जूझ रहे अधिकांश क्षेत्र राजनीति, गरीबी और पानी के प्रबंधन और उसके असमान आवंटन का परिणाम हैं। संक्षेप में, यह माना गया की मूल रूप से जल संकट दोषपूर्ण ‘अभिशासन’ का परिणाम है। इसकी पुष्टि सन् 2000 में प्रकाशित 'वल्र्ड वाटर काउंसिल’ की रिपोर्ट विस्तृत रूप से करती है जिसमें मुख्य रूप से इस बात पर ज़ोर दिया गया कि ‘जल संकट’ उसके प्रबंधन पद्धति का परिणाम हैं और इससे वर्तमान समय में दुनिया के अरबों लोग और पर्यावरण बुरी तरह से प्रभावित हुए हैं। प्रस्तुत पत्र भारत में जल अभिशासन से सबंधित बनाए गए कानूनों और उसके सैद्धांतिक विमर्श पर प्रकाश डालता है। इसके अतिरिक्त सरकार द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों के स्वरूप और उसके प्रभावों का विश्लेषण भी प्रस्तुत करता है।