bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Validity, Reliability, and Measurement Invariance of the Social Support for Exercise Scale Among Spanish- and English-Language Hispanics
Authors: Walker Timothy J. , Heredia Natalia I. , Reininger Belinda M.
Published: June 2019

The Social Support for Exercise Subscales are commonly used among Hispanic populations. The aims of this study were to test the validity and reliability of the Spanish-language version of the Social Support for Exercise Subscales and test the invariance of the Spanish- and English-language versions. Data were from a subsample of Hispanic adults in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort ( n = 1,447). A series of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were used to assess the validity and reliability of the Spanish-language version of the subscales. A multigroup CFA approach was used to test measurement invariance. Results indicated the Spanish-language versions of family and friend support subscales had good validity and reliability, root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) < .07, comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.95, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) > 0.94, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) < 0.05. There was also evidence of measurement invariance between the Spanish- and English-language versions. These findings indicate the Spanish-language family and friend support subscales are valid and can be compared between Spanish- and English-language Hispanic respondents.
A Qualitative Content Analysis of Nurses’ Comfort and Employment of Workarounds With Electronic Documentation Systems in Home Care Practice
Authors: Ibrahim Sarah , Donelle Lorie , Regan Sandra , Sidani Souraya
Published: June 2019

Background

Electronic documentation systems have the potential to assist registered nurses with timely access to patient health- and care-related information. Registered nurses are the largest users of electronic documentation systems; however, limited evidence exists about their comfort with electronic documentation system usage and the types of workarounds developed within the context of home care.

Aim

To explore home care registered nurses’ comfort with electronic documentation system usage and identify the types and reasons for the development and implementation of workarounds.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 217 home care registered nurses participated in the survey. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Findings: Individual (e.g., registered nurses’ technology-related experience), technological (e.g., electronic documentation system design) and organizational (e.g. training) characteristics influenced registered nurses’ comfort with electronic documentation system usage. Furthermore, workarounds stemmed from the technological characteristics of the electronic documentation system.

Conclusion

Findings highlight the need for assessing registered nurses’ level of comfort with electronic documentation system usage to inform training initiatives. Including registered nurses in the system design is advocated to ensure electronic documentation systems fit with the complexity of nursing practice, potentially enhancing registered nurses’ level of comfort and mitigating the development and employment of workarounds during system usage.
Parent–Child Attachment Moderates the Associations Between Cyberbullying Victimization and Adolescents’ Health/Mental Health Problems: An Exploration of Cyberbullying Victimization Among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Zhu Yuhong , Li Wen , O’Brien Jennifer E. , Liu Tingting
Published: June 2019

Cyberbullying is a public health concern worldwide, including China. Cyberbullying victimization has negative effects on adolescents’ health and mental health. This study examined the associations between cyberbullying victimization and several health and mental health problems among adolescents in China. A total of 3,232 adolescents aged 15 to 17 were recruited from 18 high schools in Xi’an, China, using a stratified random sampling method. Self-report data were collected via survey from adolescents in Xi’an, China. In total, 22.2% and 6.3% of the sample reported having experienced cyberbullying victimization in their lifetime and the past year, respectively. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression revealed that lifetime and preceding-year cyberbullying victimization was, respectively, significantly associated with poorer health (β = −1.58, p < .001; β = −2.22, p < .001), more severe depressive symptoms (β= 3.74, p < .001; β = 4.48, p < .001), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (β = 7.16, p < .001; β = 4.77, p < .001). Binary regression revealed that lifetime and preceding-year cyberbullying victimization was, respectively, significantly related to higher odds of problem drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, p < .001; OR = 1.84, p < .01), cigarette smoking (OR = 1.69, p < .001; OR = 2.21, p < .001), and gambling engagement (OR = 1.35, p < .05; OR = 1.97, p < .01). Furthermore, greater levels of parent–child attachment were a protective factor against the negative effects of cyberbullying victimization on adolescents’ depressive symptoms ( p < .001) and PTSD ( p < .05). It is critical to develop and implement prevention and early intervention programs that are tailored to address the needs of adolescents in China. Parental involvement needs to be incorporated into interventions for cyberbullying victimization.
Human Values and Digital Work: An Ethnographic Study of Device Paradigm
Authors: Chughtai Hameed
Published: June 2019

I examine Albert Borgmann’s concept of device paradigm as a way to underscore the significance of human values in one’s engagement with digital work in an organizational setting. Device paradigm explains the pervasive patterns of everyday engagement with information technologies as devices that facilitate prosperity without burden and efforts and, in so doing, can downplay the human values in practices. Although prior research has highlighted the significance of focal things and practices, much remains to be learned about the role of human values in contemporary everyday engagement with digital technologies. Drawing on a critical ethnography of everyday practices at an information technology firm (approximately 300 employees), I apply the critical social theory of Borgmann to analyze how digital work is firmly anchored in human values, and how device paradigm can be used as a critical lens to examine the contemporary everyday engagement with information technology. The study reveals that digital devices can have focal aspects and everyday places can be seen as focal places. Focal things are firmly grounded in focal places, which facilitate the emergence of focal practices. Ethnographers are encouraged to explore values in the field (held by people) as well as values of the field (attached to the places).
How Does NGO Partnering Change Over Time? A Longitudinal Examination of Factors That Influence NGO Partner Selection
Authors: O’Brien Nina F. , Pilny Andrew , Atouba Yannick C. , Shumate Michelle , Fulk Janet L. , Monge Peter R.
Published: June 2019

Scholars suggest three partnering strategies that nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can use to pursue strategic relationships in civil society networks: (a) the development of overlapping ties associated with network closure, (b) adopting an intermediary role between two disconnected organizations associated with brokerage, and (c) complying with the match-making demands of third-party organizations. Collaborative relationships among 489 NGOs were examined over a 14-year period (1990-2004) to determine which of these strategies NGOs use and when. The network demonstrated a strong preference for closure at the beginning of the observation period, after which time partnerships settled into a more stable pattern of intra-sector collaboration after 1996. Brokerage and constrained-choice strategies were not prevalent at any point over the observation period. Results are discussed in terms of network evolution and implications of the observed NGO preferences for closure. The potential benefits of emergent stability are also discussed.
FE simulation study of deep drawing process of SUS304 cups having no delayed cracks under enhanced blank holding force
Authors: Tan Chin Joo , Aslian Afshin
Published: June 2019

In the experiment, delayed cracks in deep drawing processes of metastable stainless steel SUS304 cylindrical cups were prevented using elevated blank holding force aided by nanolubrication. Besides tensile residual hoop stresses, the elimination of the cracks was also attributed to the change in wall thickening profile along the wavy cup edges. The wall thickening is a result of the high circumferential stress acting in the flange, leading to the high concentration of deformation-induced martensite and high risk of cracks. The amount of increase in wall thickness in the valleys along the edge during the deep drawing process was higher than the peaks at low blank holding force range due to shorter heights. Therefore, the portions of blank equivalent to the valleys were subject to higher holding force during the process, resulting in decrease in degree of wall thickening with increase in height for blank holding force up to 25 kN. However, the wall thickening and the height increased at blank holding force of 28 kN due to the same amount of increase in wall thickness in both valleys and peaks, resulting in a larger contacting area and lower holding force. Therefore, the wall thickness in the valleys sharply increased, and the formation of the cracks persists. Within the crack-free range, that is, from 29 to 31 kN, both the heights and wall thickening decreased. The decrease in frictional force by means of the nanolubrication has facilitated the flow of material into the die, resulting in lower cup height. It also facilitated the flow of materials away from the thick valley regions under the high pressure, resulting in significant decrease in degree of wall thickening. The cracks were prevented. The amount of compression at blank holding force of 32 kN was insufficient to suppress the increase in wall thickening in valleys, resulting in the formation of the cracks again.
Dynamic performance analysis and quantitative evaluation for ultraprecision aerostatic spindle
Authors: Wei Ruocheng , An Chenhui , Wang Zhenzhong , Xu Qiao , Lei Xiangyang , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: June 2019

For optics used in high-power laser beams, high accuracy requirements in full spatial frequency must be fulfilled. Among them, the allowable root mean square value is less than 5 nm in the PSD1 band. In order to evaluate the dynamic performance of the spindle system and put forward a quantitative index, a novel accurate model of the spindle system was built and a series of dynamic simulations were performed. Harmonic response analysis reveals natural frequencies and frequency response functions. Transient analysis indicates vibration waveforms of the tool-tip. Furthermore, by analyzing surface topography, it can be found that the medium-frequency waviness in the machined surface matches the vibration waveform. Obviously, the medium-frequency waviness is generated by the modal vibration of the spindle system. So that a quantitative index for the aerostatic spindle is proposed: when the amplitude of vibration in transient analysis is smaller than 8 nm, the allowable error in the PSD1 band can be fulfilled.
Optimization of tooth modifications for spur and helical gears using an adaptive multi-objective swarm algorithm
Authors: Lagresle C , Guingand M , Vaujany J-P de , Fulleringer B
Published: June 2019

Metaheuristic methods have proved to be suitable for solving complex multi-criteria optimization problems. In this paper, a modified particle swarm algorithm has been implemented in order to improve the quasi-static behavior of a power transmission gearbox, thus optimizing various objectives such as the maximum contact pressure on the gear flanks, the root-mean-square of the loaded transmission error signal, the tooth bending stress, and/or the pressure-speed factor. For narrow-faced spur gears, the comparison between optimal solutions found by the algorithm and the so-called master curve shows quite good agreements. The chosen form of the profile modifications, linear or quadratic, is then discussed. Finally, the robustness of the optimal solutions is tested to guarantee their efficiency against variable shaft misalignments.
A heuristic investigation into the design of a dynamic yaw controller for a high-speed tracked vehicle
Authors: Purdy David J
Published: June 2019

This work presents a heuristic investigation into the design of a dynamic yaw controller for a high-speed tracked vehicle to prevent it from oversteering. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first time this problem has been examined. Accidents involving tracked vehicles generally result in significant damage, serious injury and, in some cases, loss of life; this is due to their size and mass. A system that makes these vehicles operate safely in difficult and stressful situations would be welcomed. A switched mode structure is proposed for the dynamic yaw controller based on switching lines in the β phase plane. The lines are selected from the response of the vehicle at a speed, just before it goes into oversteer. The dynamic yaw controller is shown to prevent the vehicle from oversteering when it initiates a turn at its maximum speed on an off-road sandy track, with a coefficient of friction between the tracks and ground of 0.68. At a reduced coefficient of 0.5, the dynamic yaw controller applies the brakes continuously, which brings the vehicle to a stop; whether this is good or not depends on the situation.
Stability of femoral neck fracture fixation: A finite element analysis
Authors: Samsami Shabnam , Augat Peter , Rouhi Gholamreza
Published: June 2019

Femoral neck fractures represent a relatively uncommon injury in the non-elderly population often resulting from high-energy trauma. Clinical outcome in these patients can be improved by optimizing surgical procedures and selecting appropriate fixation methods. The aim of this study was to develop a numerical fracture model to investigate the influence of critical mechanical factors on the stability of fixation methods for femoral neck fractures. The mechanical stability of fracture fixation was assessed through employing finite element models and simulating progressive consolidation of the fracture for a vertical femoral neck fracture (i.e. Pauwels type III in which the angle between the fracture line and the horizontal plane is greater than 70°). Mechanical performance was compared among three different fixation methods (cannulated screws, dynamic hip screw with de-rotational screw, and proximal femoral locking plate). Axial femoral head displacement varied from 2.3 mm for cannulated screws to 1.12 mm for proximal femoral locking plate, although dynamic hip screw with de-rotational screw indicated a value of 0.94 mm. Considering a consolidated fracture and full weight-bearing load case, average displacements of fracture fragments were obtained of about 1.5, 3 and 70 µm for dynamic hip screw with de-rotational screw, proximal femoral locking plate and cannulated screws methods, respectively. In terms of interfragmentary movements at the fracture site, outcomes of this study demonstrated that, in agreement with our previous experimental research, the dynamic hip screw with de-rotational screw implant is a more effective choice than cannulated screws and proximal femoral locking plate techniques for vertical femoral neck fractures in young patients. Thus, one may conclude that the use of dynamic hip screw with de-rotational screw, particularly during the early stages of bone healing, could provide suitable mechanical environments that facilitate direct bone formation and shorter healing times.
Creep experimental study on the lumbar intervertebral disk under vibration compression load
Authors: Yang Xiuping , Cheng Xiaomin , Luan Yichao , Liu Qing , Zhang Chunqiu
Published: June 2019

The intervertebral disk cushions the load generated by human activity and absorbs energy to keep the spine moving steadily. Vibration condition is one of the important causes of disk degeneration. Creep experiments using the sheep lumbar intervertebral disk were carried out under vibration compression. Regularities of the strain of the disk with time were obtained and compared with those of static load. The influence of vibration frequency and time on the creep properties of the intervertebral disk was analyzed. An intervertebral disk three-parameter solid creep constitutive model considering vibration factors was established and the parameters in the model were identified. The results show that the strain of the lumbar intervertebral disk exhibits an exponential relationship with time and is unrelated to static compression or vibration load. Under the same vibration amplitude, the creep increases with vibration frequency and the relationship between them is nonlinear. The vibration frequency has a significant effect on the strain. The creep rate decreases gradually with time and is obviously influenced by vibration frequency at low vibration amplitudes. The creep prediction results obtained using the constitutive model with the time-varying material parameters are in good agreement with the experimental results. The two elastic moduli in the model decrease with time and the viscosity coefficient increases with time.
Comparison of large eddy simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes evaluations with experimental tests on U-bend duct geometry
Authors: Alessi Giacomo , Verstraete Tom , Koloszar Lilla , van Beeck Jeronimus Petrus Antonius Johannes
Published: June 2019

The correct prediction of the flow field is of crucial importance to drive numerical optimization to a real improvement of a design. For this purpose, different numerical approaches can be used to study the fluid dynamics characteristics and the performance of the design. In particular, in the present work the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and large eddy simulation approach are compared for an internal aerodynamic application. The obtained solutions are validated against experiments through a quantitative and qualitative comparison, i.e. pressure measurements and particle image velocimetry flow visualizations, respectively.
Direct cost of lupus care in the developing world: the case of Colombia
Authors: Prada SI , Perez AM , Nieto-Aristizábal I , Tobón GJ
Published: June 2019

Background

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune and incurable rheumatic disease and has a global prevalence of 3.2–517.5 cases per 100,000 people. However, currently there is no knowledge regarding the actual direct cost of patients with lupus to healthcare systems in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the direct cost of lupus care in Colombia.

Methods

To identify patients with lupus, claims data of 2 years from two health insurers were subjected to an algorithm according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the direct cost of lupus care.

Results

The average annual per-patient, all-claims, all-cause direct cost was $2355; this is approximately 9 times the average annual premium received by health insurers for covering the public benefits package. Approximately 50% of direct costs are not included in the public benefits package. The incidence of one or more condition is 98.4%. The direct cost incurred by patients with two comorbidities was 1.8 times more, with three chronic conditions was 1.9 times more and with six chronic conditions was 4.5 times more than that incurred by patients with only lupus.

Conclusions

The direct cost of lupus care in the developing world may be higher than expected; in addition, access to healthcare may not be equal for the entire population.
Sex offenders no more: Historical homosexual offences expungement legislation in Australia
Authors: George Allen
Published: June 2019

The capability to remove homosexual offences from a criminal record has finally been adopted across Australia with the introduction of expungement legislation. This article analyses the reasons for its introduction, considers the number of people affected and suggests that a pardon, similar to the Turing Law in the UK, may address the low number of applications. The passing of this legislation not only restores the offender, it also allows current legislators to address the injustice of their predecessors' actions and to demonstrate continued support for LGBTIQ communities.
Tensions Between Diversity and Shared Leadership: The Role of Team Political Skill
Authors: Xu Ning , Chiu Chia-Yen (Chad) , Treadway Darren C.
Published: June 2019

Maintaining workplace diversity is an important legal and ethical issue in modern organizations. However, demographic heterogeneity might discourage the development of shared leadership in work teams as individuals are inherently not inclined to share leadership roles with dissimilar others. The present study is designed to investigate how political skill assists team members to overcome interpersonal dissimilarities and become engaged in mutual influence with their peers. By studying 63 student project teams using multiwave, multisource surveys, we find that team demographic faultlines on gender and race are negatively associated with shared leadership magnitude and therefore discourage team task performance. However, such destructive direct (on shared leadership magnitude) and indirect (on team performance) effects of team demographic faultlines can be mitigated when the team is staffed with many politically skilled members. Our findings bring important implications for organizations in building and encouraging shared leadership, especially in newly formed professional work teams.
From a Distance: Geographic Proximity, Partisanship, and Public Attitudes toward the U.S.–Mexico Border Wall
Authors: Cortina Jeronimo
Published: June 2019

The wall along the U.S.–Mexico border has become one of the most controversial issues in the immigration debate. Although the American public is often aligned with partisan predispositions, often ignored is the role that geographic distance to the border plays in forming attitudes. This paper explores the role of proximity, partisanship, and their interaction as determinants of public attitudes toward the border wall. This paper argues that geographic distance has two effects on public attitudes: as a catalyst for direct contact and as a dynamic filter that shapes how people process information and understand a particular place or policy. Using geocoded survey data from 2017, this paper shows that as the distance to the U.S.–Mexico border increases, Republicans are more likely to support building a wall along the entire border with Mexico due to a lack of direct contact, supplanting direct information with partisan beliefs.
States of Nature in Immanuel Kant’s Doctrine of Right
Authors: Kellner Alan J.
Published: June 2019

From an analysis of Kant’s states of nature in each division of the Doctrine of Right—the state of nature in general and the international state of nature—this paper reinterprets Cosmopolitan Right and the duty to exit the state of nature as more colonial than previously recognized. Kant places “savages” in the state of nature, depicting them and their lawless condition as bellicose. As such, states may force them to exit the state of nature; those who encounter hostile peoples on foreign lands may be justified in aggressing. Having shown that colonial features of the Doctrine of Right cannot be wrested from the text, this paper unsettles the interpretive dominance of the established view that Kant is staunchly anti-colonial. Nevertheless, anti-colonial features of the text remain. The paper shows that interpreters must accept that Kant’s text is both colonial and anti-colonial. Kant’s global vision remained too statist to appropriately include indigenous politics. The paper closes by briefly indicating a path for future research whereby contemporary Kantian cosmopolitan projects become more attuned to—and modified in light of—the political agency and particular struggles of indigenous peoples.
Evaluation of a safe handling and cytotoxic drug preparation training program for oncology pharmacy practitioners
Authors: Ozakin Gozde Yesilyaprak , Ciftci A Haluk , Sanci Kadriye
Published: June 2019

Background

Onkofar Health Devices Inc. offers solutions and service for safe and accurate preparation of anticancer agents. Due to the necessity of specific instructions for the drug preparation systems and the widespread use of services including personnel, the company has to train the personnel employed as oncology pharmacy practitioner technicians.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the contribution of the training program to the theoretical knowledge and the opinions of the participants about the training by retrospectively analyzing the related data.

Methods

The training program consisted of a comprehensive theoretical part and an applied practical part. Participants took pre-tests and post-tests and filled out a standard training evaluation form. Between November 2014 and September 2018, 100 people participated in the training. This study included 71 participants' pre-test and post-test results and 72 participants' evaluation forms.

Results

The test results showed that the post-test score was higher in all participants. There was a 34% increase between the average of scores. The improvement percentage was at least 9%, whereas the most considerable improvement was 61%. Overall, almost all of the participants conveyed their positive thoughts about the training. The participants' interest seemed to be mostly related to their applied practice.

Conclusions

Increased post-test scores showed an increase in theoretical knowledge level. The training was found to meet the expectations and needs to a great extent. Participants' opinions contributed to the shaping of the educational content for future training programs. This study showed that the training program provided improvement and value for participants.
Variations in the Structure and Evolution of Rice WRKY Genes in Indica and Japonica Genotypes and their Co-expression Network in Mediating Disease Resistance
Authors: Jimmy John Lilly , Babu Subramanian
Published: June 2019

WRKY transcription factor (TF) family regulates many functions in plant growth and development and also during biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, 101 WRKY TF gene models in indica and japonica rice were used to conduct evolutionary analysis, gene structure analysis, and motif composition. Co-expression analysis was carried out first by selecting the differentially expressing genes that showed a significant change in response to the pathogens from Rice Oligonucleotide Array Database (ROAD). About 82 genes showed responses to infection by Magnaporthe oryzae or Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Co-expression gene network was constructed using direct neighborhood and context associated inbuilt mode in RiceNetv2 tool. Only 41 genes showed interaction with 2299 non- WRKY genes. Variations exist in the structure and evolution of WRKY genes among indica and japonica genotypes which have important implications in their differential roles including disease resistance. WRKY genes mediate a complex networking and co-express along with other WRKY and non- WRKY genes to mediate resistance against fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice.
An elastoplastic finite element study of cylindrical plane-strain contact for steel/steel and Inconel 617/Incoloy 800H undergoing unidirectional sliding
Authors: Yang Huaidong , Green Itzhak
Published: June 2019

The current work employs a two-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis to investigate the unidirectional sliding contact between a deformable half-cylinder and a deformable flat block. The unidirectional sliding is governed by a displacement-controlled action where the materials of the two contacting bodies are first set to identical steels at 20 ℃ and then to Inconel 617 and Incoloy 800H at 800 ℃. First, a normal interference (indentation) is applied, which is followed by unidirectional sliding. The von Mises stress distribution, plastic strain distribution, junction growth, normal force, tangential force, effective coefficient of friction, and scars on the surface of the block are obtained during the sliding motion. The leading edge of the contacting area and the bulk material under the leading edge experience large von Mises stresses. The large plastic strain is found on the surface of the block, and forms a “pocket” shape under the surface. The junction growth is also investigated, showing the direction of the growth is in the same direction of the tangential force that the weaker material experiences. The forces and the effective coefficient of friction are found to stabilize after a certain sliding distance, and the effective coefficient of friction converges to the coefficient of friction used in the model. Pileup is found on the surface of the block after a sufficient unidirectional sliding distance.
Working with school-refusing young people in Tower Hamlets, London
Authors: Kljakovic Moja , Kelly Aidan
Published: June 2019

This study looks at the local context, describing quantitative data from a subset of young people seen within the inner London Tower Hamlets Pupil Referral Unit (PRU) that are extremely socially withdrawn and unable to attend mainstream education. The core aim of this research was to examine the views of professionals who work with and for these young people. Qualitative group interviews were used to gain a deeper understanding of the needs of these young people, what might contribute to their withdrawal from school and what needs to be done to help them reintegrate. Professionals reported that these young people were highly complex in terms of their needs and presentation and that there is a lack of clarity around what causes these young people to withdraw. They agreed that a more intensive multilayered intervention was required to meet their needs. Interventions that include gradual socialization, parental involvement and which address the role of technology were indicated. However, more research is needed to clarify how to effectively intervene.
Identification with ancestral culture is associated with fewer internalizing problems among older Naskapi adolescents
Authors: Blacklock Adrienne , Schmidt Louis A , Fryberg Stephanie A , Klassen Gillian H , Querengesser Johanna , Stewart Jillian , Campbell Colin Andrew , Flores Heidi , Reynolds Ashley , Tootoosis Curtis , Burack Jacob A
Published: June 2019

The manifestations of externalizing and internalizing behaviors among minority adolescents might best be understood by examining their relation to culturally specific factors, such as cultural identity, as well as to factors that seem to be relevant across cultures, such as age and gender. In this study, we examined the roles of age and gender in moderating the relation between self-reported cultural identity and externalizing and internalizing problems and the interaction between Indigenous and Mainstream cultural identity in relation to problematic behaviors. The participants included 61 students (32 female) with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD = 1.69) from a Naskapi reserve in Quebec, Canada. Age moderated the relation between identification with Indigenous culture and internalizing symptomatology. Indigenous and Mainstream cultural identity did not interact in predicting internalizing or externalizing problems. Consistent with the available evidence regarding the centrality of identity in adolescent development, the magnitude of the inverse relation between identification with Indigenous culture and number of clinical internalizing symptoms appears to increase in significance later in adolescence. The lack of an interaction between Indigenous and Mainstream cultural identity in relation to internalizing and externalizing problems suggests that it is the need to consider both cultures individually without the assumption that one negates the other.
Seismic strengthening of masonry walls using bamboo components
Authors: Xu Qingfeng , Chen Xi , Chen Jian-Fei , Harries Kent A , Chen Lingzhu , Wang Zhuolin
Published: June 2019

Bamboo is a sustainable green material and has been gradually applied in the construction industry; however, little research on strengthening masonry structures with bamboo has been carried out. In this article, strengthening methods using bamboo were developed including bamboo grid reinforced cement mortar layer, externally bonded bamboo mats, additional confining horizontal bamboo reinforced concrete band beams, and bamboo strips placed in mortar joints. Ten masonry walls were designed including two reference walls. Experimental results showed that all the strengthening methods can improve certain aspects of the seismic performance of masonry walls. The shear strength, deformability, and energy dissipation capacity of masonry walls strengthened with bamboo grid reinforced cement mortar and externally bonded bamboo mats were the most improved. The limit states of tested walls were discussed. Strengthened masonry structures with bamboo components are promising methods and can be used especially in remote areas.
Duration of homelessness and its relationship to use of hospital and emergency department services in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Stenius-Ayoade Agnes , Eriksson Johan G. , Kautiainen Hannu , Gissler Mika , Haaramo Peija
Published: June 2019

Aims: Homelessness is associated with poor health outcomes and increased use of hospital and emergency department (ED) services. Little is known about the duration of homelessness in relation to health care service use. The aim of this study was to examine the use of hospital and ED services among the homeless in Helsinki, Finland, and for the first time, to examine the relationship between service use and duration of homelessness. Methods: Six hundred and eighty-three persons staying at least one night in a shelter between September 2009 and September 2010 were followed until the end of 2014. Using negative binominal regression analysis we calculated the use of hospital and ED services and compared the use with that of a matched control group ( N = 1361). We also analyzed service use in relation to the time spent homeless during follow-up. Results: The mean time spent homeless during the follow-up was 8.5 months, one third was temporarily homeless (less than 2% of the follow-up time), but recurrent episodes of homelessness were also common. The study group’s incidence rate ratios for medical-surgical hospital days was 6.23 (95% CI: 4.73 to 8.21), for psychiatric hospital days 43.11 (95% CI: 23.02 to 80.74) and for ED visits 10.21 (95% CI: 8.77 to 11.90), compared with controls. The number of medical-surgical hospital days and ED visits/person-year increased as homelessness was prolonged, but the pattern was opposite for psychiatric hospital days. Conclusions: Homeless persons are heavy users of hospital and ED services, and there is also increased use among those temporarily homeless.
Discussion on the accuracies of He’s frequency–amplitude formulation and its modification with average residuals
Authors: Ren Zhong-Fu , Hu Gui-Fang
Published: June 2019

A complete numerical comparison is given between the He’s frequency–amplitude formulation and its modification with average residuals for both weak and strong nonlinear oscillators, showing both methods have good accuracy. This paper concludes that both methods provide a simple but effective tool to various nonlinear oscillators.
Experimental study of the effect of assembly error on the lightly loaded transmission error of spur gear with crown modification
Authors: Chun Xiong , Siyu Chen
Published: June 2019

Experimental measurement of transmission error and vibration of a gear pair with crown modification are developed. With the help of high-precision optical encoder, effects of gear misalignment on unloaded and lightly loaded dynamic transmission error, which are relative to gear rattle, are investigated. The gear mesh misalignment is introduced by eccentric sleeve assembled on the output shaft. Effects of modification and misalignment on the dynamic transmission error, are studied at different load and driving velocity conditions. The experimental results show that, with the increase of the crown amplitude, the peak-to-peak values of dynamic transmission error are decreasing dramatically. Impact deformation or elastic deformation is a very important part of the dynamic transmission error although they are unloaded or lightly loaded. The components in harmonics of meshing frequency will change distinctly comparing cases at low input shaft velocity without and with misalignment, but different phenomena are detected while increasing the input shaft velocity. Finally, the relation between transmission error and gear box vibration is illustrated, and spectrum kurtosis is introduced to reveal gear rattle.
Stable X-islands of quadrupole mass filter
Authors: Konenkov NV , Seregin KE , Makhmudov MN , Konenkov AN
Published: June 2019

Quadrupole mass filters are normally operated as narrow band pass filters by appropriate choices of rf and DC voltages corresponding to Mathieu a and q values near the apex of the first stability region. We add an auxiliary quadrupole excitation potential to the main drive voltage. As a result, stability islands appear on the ([Formula: see text]) plane. The method of the islands mapping on the ([Formula: see text]) plane is discussed in detail. The DC electric field's effect responsible for removing “shadowing” islands has been studied using a combination of analytic theory and computer modeling. We call a narrow stability region elongated along an iso-[Formula: see text] line an X-island. Two such stability islands were found where operation is possible without mass spectra interference when the DC potential is used. Those islands are formed by quadrupole potentials with relative excitation frequencies [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] Many other stability X-islands are presented in detail and illustrated by their transmission contours. This data is necessary for experimental testing of the separation mode at those islands. The study demonstrates how to use X-islands to achieve relatively high resolution 4000-12,000 at the transmission of about 28-15%, respectively.
Invalid test of the proximity hypothesis in the Scandinavian panel study of penal attitudes
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: June 2019

Based on data for three participating countries in the Scandinavian study of public sense of justice, Balvig et al. (2015) conclude that data support the proximity hypothesis. They admit, however, that additional information about sanctions given to respondents might have influenced the results, and suggest a new study without such information. The Norwegian part of the Scandinavian study complies with their wish. Analysis of these data and the films we used in the study do not support the proximity hypothesis because mock-trial films crucial for testing of the hypothesis are biased in favour of it. Balvig et al. (2015) were not aware of this methodological problem built into the Scandinavian study.
Speech-Language Pathologists’ Knowledge and Competence Regarding Percentage of Consonants Correct
Authors: Dale Emily W. , Plumb Allison M. , Sandage Mary J. , Plexico Laura W.
Published: June 2019

The aim of this article is to examine speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) knowledge and competence using Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC). Participants were recruited through posts on social media and message boards for the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Special Interest Groups. In addition, surveys were emailed via the ASHA membership directory to SLPs in selected states who reported working in settings with a primarily pediatric population. The majority of SLPs reported a lack of academic and clinical training in the area of PCC. Participants demonstrated limited knowledge of the rules for calculating PCC in addition to decreased calculation ability and confidence. Because PCC is well-validated, SLPs would benefit from increased clinical and academic exposure to the measure; however, as many report that they do not use PCC, this calls into question its clinical practicality. The question remains if there is a need for a more expedient process by which to objectively quantify severity, such as use of an automated metric.
Conformational studies of pathogenic expanded polyglutamine protein deposits from Huntington’s disease
Authors: Matlahov Irina , van der Wel Patrick CA
Published: June 2019

Huntington’s disease, like other neurodegenerative diseases, continues to lack an effective cure. Current treatments that address early symptoms ultimately fail Huntington’s disease patients and their families, with the disease typically being fatal within 10–15 years from onset. Huntington’s disease is an inherited disorder with motor and mental impairment, and is associated with the genetic expansion of a CAG codon repeat encoding a polyglutamine-segment-containing protein called huntingtin. These Huntington’s disease mutations cause misfolding and aggregation of fragments of the mutant huntingtin protein, thereby likely contributing to disease toxicity through a combination of gain-of-toxic-function for the misfolded aggregates and a loss of function from sequestration of huntingtin and other proteins. As with other amyloid diseases, the mutant protein forms non-native fibrillar structures, which in Huntington’s disease are found within patients’ neurons. The intracellular deposits are associated with dysregulation of vital processes, and inter-neuronal transport of aggregates may contribute to disease progression. However, a molecular understanding of these aggregates and their detrimental effects has been frustrated by insufficient structural data on the misfolded protein state. In this review, we examine recent developments in the structural biology of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin fragments, and especially the contributions enabled by advances in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We summarize and discuss our current structural understanding of the huntingtin deposits and how this information furthers our understanding of the misfolding mechanism and disease toxicity mechanisms.

Impact statement

Many incurable neurodegenerative disorders are associated with, and potentially caused by, the amyloidogenic misfolding and aggregation of proteins. Usually, complex genetic and behavioral factors dictate disease risk and age of onset. Due to its principally mono-genic origin, which strongly predicts the age-of-onset by the extent of CAG repeat expansion, Huntington’s disease (HD) presents a unique opportunity to dissect the underlying disease-causing processes in molecular detail. Yet, until recently, the mutant huntingtin protein with its expanded polyglutamine domain has resisted structural study at the atomic level. We present here a review of recent developments in HD structural biology, facilitated by breakthrough data from solid-state NMR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and complementary methods. The misfolded structures of the fibrillar proteins inform our mechanistic understanding of the disease-causing molecular processes in HD, other CAG repeat expansion disorders, and, more generally, protein deposition disease.
Concrete thermal stress analysis during tunnel construction
Authors: Wang Xianfeng , Chen Qi , Tao Jun , Han Rui , Ding Xiaobo , Xing Feng , Han Ningxu
Published: June 2019

In order to propose an optimised construction plan and prevent and control the possible occurrence of cracks in concrete structures during construction, a detailed simulation of construction stages is required. The temperature and thermal stresses during the construction of a double-hole, double-deck concrete tunnel structure were analysed in this study, in which the analysis of the early-aged behaviour of a structure was performed considering actual construction conditions, and the cracking conditions were predicted. It was found that the temperature trends obtained from the simulated results were in good agreement with actual data, which indicates the reliability of the simulation results. In addition, the distribution of thermal stresses in the structure indicated that the tunnel structure was at risk of cracking at a number of stress concentration areas under the construction conditions. A parameter analysis of different factors, including the initial concrete temperature (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C), formwork stripping time (48 h, 72 h, and 96 h), and the construction season ambient temperature (summer and winter), was conducted. The formwork stripping time did not have a significant influence. It is recommended that the initial concrete temperature should be controlled to below 30°C during construction.
Effect of semi-rigid locking screws on the stiffness of a fracture-fixation construct: A conceptual finite-element study
Authors: Pan Xiao-Hua , Chen Wen-Chuan , Lin Kun-Jhih , Lin Kang-Ping , Tsai Cheng-Lung , Wei Hung-Wen
Published: June 2019

Strong stiffness provided by locking-plate system has resulted in nonunion and delayed union for long bone fracture. Longer bone plate can lengthen the working length to reduce the structural stiffness of the fixation device but will enlarge skin incision. Using the semi-rigid locking screw may be helpful but the efficacy was unclear. In simulated fracture model, four rigid locking screws were continually inserted beneath the fracture gap. The other four rigid/semi-rigid locking screws were equally distributed or concentrated at screw holes superior to the fracture gap. Axial compressive load was exerted to compare the biomechanical performance under various screw configurations and plate working length. Results revealed that using the semi-rigid locking screws, the structural stiffness of the fixation structure were lowered by 29.5%–45.1% comparing to the model with the same screw configuration using rigid locking screws. Semi-rigid screw models with shorter working length represented comparable flexibility of the fixation structure to the rigid locking screw model with longer working length. Compared to rigid locking screw, semi-rigid locking screw may provide similar flexibility with shorter bone plate, which may be beneficial to reduce the required plate length so that the skin incision may be minimized for fracture reduction.
Modelling and evaluation of multi-state reliability of repairable non-series manufacturing system with finite buffers
Authors: Duan Jianguo , Xie Nan , Li Lianhui
Published: June 2019

The capacity and capability of flexible manufacturing system varies with different market demands. To satisfy the requirements of performance expressions, avoid the problem of combinatorial explosion and consider the influence of intermediate buffer stations, a new reliability modelling and evaluating methodology for repairable non-series hybrid flexible manufacturing systems with finite buffers is proposed using an extended vector universal generating function technique. For repairable modular machines, the Markov models of modular machines are established using stochastic process analysis and the corresponding theoretical steady-state probability in various states is obtained. Furthermore, the original system in combination with multi-state reliability measures of buffer stations is equivalent to a system with independent machines which can be expressed by vector u-functions. Based on the probability distributions of the states of subsystems, the composition operators for series connections and parallel connections are defined. Consequently, the entire system is simplified to one component represented by the polynomial universal generating function. In particular, reliability indicators and measurement models are given to assess the system’s reliability through promoting the basic ones. Finally, a practical case of engine head machining line is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results demonstrate that the use of vector universal generating functions can describe the system structure and states more appropriately while providing efficient assessment.