bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and implementation of an electronic health record system for use in humanitarian emergencies, disaster response, and conflict zones
Authors: Draugelis Sarah D. , Brown Erik C. , Donahue Donald A. , Hickman Justin , Smith Sean G. , Sutherland Philip , Yendewa George A. , Mohareb Amir M.
Published: January 2025

Humanitarian medical response to natural and human-made disasters can be complicated by high clinician, staff, and patient turnover. While electronic medical records are being scaled up globally, their use remains limited in humanitarian response settings. The Fast Electronic Medical Record (fEMR) system is an open-source electronic health record system specifically designed for use in resource-limited settings and humanitarian crises. The system was developed between 2010–2014 through an iterative design process with multidisciplinary team members. It was operationalized in settings with and without internet connectivity. We analyzed data on fEMR usage since inception until October 2022 to estimate the number of patients served by the system. In eight years of implementation (2014–2022), the fEMR system has been deployed 60 times to 11 different countries across four different continents by 14 different organizations. These deployments collectively account for over 37,500 patient encounters with an estimated 31,940 distinct patients. The settings of fEMR use ranged from refugee and migrant health clinics near the Mexico-US border to the Poland-Ukraine border in the context of the 2022 war in Ukraine. User feedback demonstrated the program’s ease of use by providers of different clinical and technical backgrounds. Feedback primarily emphasized improving the system’s hardware requirements and workflow. The simple design allowed for clinician users to adapt the system to a variety of clinical scenarios. Ongoing and future work in adapting electronic health records to international humanitarian response will emphasize data security, patient privacy, equity, and the rapid translation of electronic health data to improve population health. In humanitarian response settings, electronic health records can improve quality of care and provide a source of clinical and management data for public health planning.
The landscape of family medicine in India – A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Gupta Archna , Kumar Raman , Prasad Ramakrishna , Abraham Sunil , Nedungalaparambil Nisanth Menon , Krueger Paul , Gray Carolyn Steele , Landes Megan , Sridharan Sanjeev , Bhattacharyya Onil
Published: January 2025

Family medicine was recognized as a distinct specialty in India in the early 1980s, but it is at an early stage of implementation. There are few training programs, and little is known about family physicians’ training, perceptions, and current practices. This paper describes the findings from the first national survey of family medicine in India. We administered the Landscape of Family Medicine in India survey to members of the Academy of Family Physicians of India and used a respondent-driven sampling approach to increase our reach between November 2020 and March 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Chi-square tests of independence were used to explore differences between family physicians who completed full-time in-person training versus those who completed part-time, blended or distance training and to look for associations between services provided and the rurality of practice location. We had 272 respondents. 61.0% of respondents completed a full-time in-person residency program, while 39.0% completed a part-time distance or blended-type program. Most respondents reported that postgraduate training in family medicine increased their confidence in practice, their scope of primary care practice, and the ability to work as a team with non-physician primary care providers, irrespective of the type of training. Family physicians appear to engage in comprehensive practice, with 88.9% practicing outpatient family medicine. Our sample found that the proportion of family physicians working in rural areas is higher than the proportion of all physicians in India, with 39.3% of our sample working rurally. Those who work rurally were more likely to offer minor office-based surgeries, casting and splints, and conduct vaginal deliveries. 48.3% of respondents work principally in the primary care sector. Postgraduate family medicine training should be scaled up to support improving gaps seen in primary care and primary health care.
Perceived stress, anxiety, and depression among university employees in Southwestern Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Adeleke Thomas Olumide , Olatubi Iyabo Victoria , Ademuyiwa Grace Oluwaranti , Samson Timothy Kayode , Awotunde Titilope Abisola , Adeleke Victoria Oludamola , Awolola Adeoba Mobolaji , Olatubi Matthew Idowu
Published: January 2025

Being a centre of academic pursuits and intellectual rigour, universities frequently place a high demand on the psychological and emotional well-being of their workers. This study aims to explore the relationship between perceived stress, anxiety, and depression among employees in a university in Nigeria and explore how these stress levels are associated with anxiety and depression. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a foremost private university in Southwestern Nigeria between 28th January 2024 and 11th April 2024. The participants completed a set of self-report questionnaires measuring perceived stress, anxiety and depression symptoms, and demographic information via an electronic survey platform (Google Forms). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that both perceived stress (r = 0.517, p = 0.01) and family history of heart attack (p = 0.026) were found to be significantly associated with depression (p = 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that, even after adjusting for hypertension (OR = 10.43, 95% CI = 1.761–61.799), high perceived stress remained significantly associated with both anxiety (OR, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.761–61.799; p = .010) and depression (OR, 42.91; 95%CI = 7.557–243.605) compared with those who experienced either moderate or low levels of stress. The study showed that perceived stress is associated with anxiety and depression. Findings are expected to inform policymakers and university administrators, guiding the implementation of effective mental health support systems and stress management interventions within Nigerian universities.
Scrub typhus association with autoimmune biomarkers and clinical implications
Authors: You Hwanseung , Song Jeongeun , Kim Seonglyeong , Oh Sang-Min , Hwang Joo-Hee , Hwang Jeong-Hwan , Yoo Wan-Hee , Choi Yunjung , Lee Chang-Seop
Published: January 2025

Background

Scrub typhus, a disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, triggers systemic vasculitis and is prevalent in Eastern and Southern Asia. This study aimed to uncover the relationship between scrub typhus and autoimmune responses, focusing on antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and the implications of elevated ANA titers during infection.

Method

Data from a total of 139 patients diagnosed with scrub typhus and 30 healthy controls were retrospectively analyzed through serum samples to assess the levels of ANAs and related autoantibodies. The study further examined the temporal variation of these antibody titers in relation to post-symptom progression and evaluated their association with clinical and laboratory parameters.

Results

The study results detail significant differences in autoimmune responses between scrub typhus patients and healthy controls. ANA titers above 1:80 were detected in 71.2% of patients; these titers were elevated in only 13.3% of the healthy controls. High-titer positivity (1:640 or higher) was observed exclusively in the scrub typhus group. The distribution of ANA titers revealed a progressive increase in mean ANA and double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid Immunoglobulin M (anti-dsDNA IgM) titers as the duration after symptom onset increased, indicating an augmented immune response over time. This trend was observed along with a systematic elevation in median anti-dsDNA IgM titers, highlighting the dynamic nature of immune responses in scrub typhus infection.

Conclusion

Our findings conclude a substantial autoimmunological reaction in scrub typhus patients, suggesting potential mimicry of autoimmune conditions like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. These results underline the complex interplay between infectious diseases and autoimmunity, emphasizing the necessity for further research into these mechanisms and their clinical implications.
The impact of specialised gastroenterology services for pelvic radiation disease (PRD): Results from the prospective multi-centre EAGLE study
Authors: Staffurth John N. , Sivell Stephanie , Baddeley Elin , Ahmedzai Sam , Andreyev H. Jervoise , Campbell Susan , Farnell Damian J. J. , Ferguson Catherine , Green John , Muls Ann , O’Shea Raymond , Pickett Sara , Smith Lesley , Taylor Sophia , Nelson Annmarie
Published: January 2025

To undertake a mixed-methodology implementation study to improve the well-being of men with gastrointestinal late effects following radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer. All men completed a validated screening tool for late bowel effects (ALERT-B) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Score (GSRS); men with a positive score on ALERT-B were offered management following a peer reviewed algorithm for pelvic radiation disease (PRD). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at baseline, 6 and 12 months; and healthcare resource usage (HRU) and patient, support-giver, staff experience and acceptability of staff training (qualitative analysis) were assessed. Two nurse- and one doctor-led gastroenterology services were set up in three UK cancer centres. Men (n = 339) who had had radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer at least 6 months previously, were recruited; of which 91/339 were eligible to participate; 58/91 men (63.7%) accepted the referral. Diagnoses included: radiation proctopathy (n = 18); bile acid malabsorption (n = 15); fructose or lactose intolerance and/or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (n = 20); vitamin B12/D deficiency (n = 20). Increases in quality of life, sexual activity and/or sexual function, and decrease in specific symptoms (e.g. bowel-related or urinary) between 6 and 12 months were observed. Limited HRU modelling suggested staff costs were £117-£185, depending on the service model; total costs averaged £2,243 per patient. Both staff and patients welcomed the new service although there was concern about long-term funding and sustainability beyond the timeframe of the study (qualitative). PRD is increasingly recognised worldwide as an ongoing consequence of curative pelvic radiotherapy, despite widespread implementation of advanced radiotherapy techniques. Specialised services following national guidelines are required.
Neonatal outcomes and resuscitation practices following the addition of heart rate-guidance to basic resuscitation
Authors: Patterson Jackie K. , Ishoso Daniel , Lokangaka Adrien , Iyer Pooja , Lowman Casey , Eilevstjønn Joar , Haug Ingunn , Kamath-Rayne Beena D. , Mafuta Eric , Myklebust Helge , Nolen Tracy , Tshefu Antoinette , Bose Carl , Berkelhamer Sara
Published: January 2025

Aim

To evaluate the impact of heart rate-guided basic resuscitation compared to Helping Babies Breathe on neonatal outcomes and resuscitation practices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Methods

We conducted a pre-post clinical trial comparing heart rate-guided basic resuscitation to Helping Babies Breathe in three facilities, enrolling in-born neonates ≥28 weeks gestation. We collected observational data during a convenience sample of resuscitations and extracted clinical data from the medical record for all participants. We evaluated our primary outcome of effective breathing at three minutes after birth among newborns not breathing well at 30 seconds after birth employing generalized linear models using maximum likelihood estimation.

Results

Among 1,284 newborns with observational data, there was no difference in the proportion effectively breathing at three minutes (adjusted relative risk 1.08 [95% CI 0.81, 1.45]). Among 145 receiving bag mask ventilation, time to bag mask ventilation decreased 64.3 seconds during heart rate-guided resuscitation (p<0.001). Among 10,906 enrolled in the trial, perinatal mortality was unchanged (adjusted relative risk 1.19 [95% CI 0.96, 1.48]) and death before discharge increased (adjusted relative risk 1.43 [95% CI 1.03, 1.99]). Expert review of stillborn cases demonstrated a stillbirth misclassification rate of 33.3% during Helping Babies Breathe versus 5.9% in heart rate-guided resuscitation.

Conclusion

During heart rate-guided basic resuscitation, time to bag mask ventilation was reduced by greater than one minute. The increase in death before discharge and unchanged perinatal mortality may be due to resuscitation of newborns with a higher risk of mortality who were previously presumed stillborn. A cluster-randomized trial of heart rate-guided basic resuscitation is needed to evaluate its impact on neonatal mortality in low-resource settings.
Taming the transplant troll: Exploring racial and ethnic disparities in cytomegalovirus infection among kidney transplant patients
Authors: Cabanilla M. Gabriela , Dauenhauer Ashlee , St John Briana , Hill Deirdre , Larson Joshua
Published: January 2025

Background

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection poses a significant risk to kidney transplant recipients. This study investigated CMV disease incidence, outcomes, and management challenges in racial and ethnic minority populations following kidney transplantation.

Methods

This single-center, mixed-methods study included a retrospective cohort analysis of kidney transplant recipients (n = 58) and qualitative surveys of healthcare providers. Patients were categorized as minorities (n = 49) or non-Hispanic whites (n = 9). The primary outcome was CMV disease incidence. Secondary outcomes included graft failure, mortality, and identification of management barriers.

Results

The cumulative incidence of CMV disease was higher in minorities than in non-Hispanic whites (12.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.58), although the difference was not statistically significant. All graft failures (8.6%, n = 5) occurred in the minority group. Although not statistically significant, all-cause mortality was higher in the minority group (24.5% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.54), with 46.2% of the deaths occurring within 90 days of CMV diagnosis. Qualitative analysis revealed challenges in diagnosis, treatment-related side effects, medication costs, and insurance barriers. The providers emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and standardized protocols.

Conclusion

While limited by the small sample size, this study highlights potential disparities in the incidence and outcomes of CMV disease among minority kidney transplant recipients, suggesting that barriers in care and access may contribute to these differences. These hypothesis-generating findings underscore the need for larger multicenter studies to validate these patterns and to inform targeted strategies that may reduce inequities in post-transplant outcomes.
Modes of embodiment for an immersed experience in museums: The Royal Tank Museum
Authors: Abuhassan Lama B. , Malhis Shatha R.
Published: January 2025

This study examines how exhibits at the Royal Tank Museum (RTM) engage visitors through bodily experiences. The goal is to understand RTM’s visitor interaction and engagement. This research fills a gap in the literature on Jordanian museums by documenting some experiential characteristics of museum exhibits and establishing a framework for evaluating embodied museum encounters. A detailed RTM episode analysis, online survey, visitor behavior observations, structured interviews, and a comprehensive questionnaire are used. Al-Karameh Hall offers embodied experiences using sensory and physical tools, while Jerusalem Hall and the Battle of Al-Latrun fall short due to fractured narratives and inadequate sensory engagement. According to the study, boosting the clarity of narratives, adding personal belongings, and strengthening the spatial connection between exhibitions and their surrounds can greatly enhance visitors’ embodied experiences.
One-minute sit-to-stand test: Reference values for the Chilean population
Authors: Otto-Yáñez Matías , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Barros-Poblete Marisol , Barros Marcela , Valencia Carola , Campos Alex , Jadue Leticia , Puppo Homero , Serón Pamela , Vilaró Jordi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The one-minute sit to stand test (1min-STST) is a field test used to assess functional capacity. It is easily implementable and of significant clinical utility; however, no reference values are currently available for the Chilean population. The objective of this study was to establish reference values for the 1min-STST in a healthy Chilean population.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study involving data collection from six locations in Chile was conducted. Healthy adults between 18 and 80 years of age were recruited. The anthropometric variables, levels of physical activity, smoking status, Borg scale ratings, and number of repetitions during the 1min-STST were recorded. Reference values were determined according to sex and age range.

Results

Four hundred ninety-nine healthy subjects (57.5% women, n = 287; median height, 1.63 (0.14) m; weight, 72.8 (20) kg; average BMI, 27.3 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were included in the study. The median (and the lower limit of normality (LLN) values) for the 1min-STST in men ranged from 18–29 years, with 38 (LLN 27) repetitions and 23 (LLN 15) repetitions for 70–80 years. For women aged 18–29 years, 38 (LLN 28) repetitions were performed, and for women aged 70–80 years, 24 (LLN 17) repetitions were performed.

Conclusions

This study established reference values for the healthy adult Chilean population.
Effects of cold-water immersion on health and wellbeing: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cain Tara , Brinsley Jacinta , Bennett Hunter , Nelson Max , Maher Carol , Singh Ben
Published: January 2025

Background

Cold-water immersion (CWI) has gained popularity as a health and wellbeing intervention among the general population.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the psychological, cognitive, and physiological effects of CWI in healthy adults.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for randomized trials involving healthy adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing acute or long-term CWI exposure via cold shower, ice bath, or plunge with water temperature ≤15°C for at least 30 seconds. Outcomes of interest were sleep, stress, fatigue, energy, skin health, immunity, inflammation, mental wellbeing, depression, anxiety, mood, concentration, and alertness or focus. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan software (version 5.4), applying random effects models to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) between pre- and post-CWI exposure outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale.

Results

Eleven studies were included, comprising 3177 total participants and a mean PEDro score of 6.4 (n = 7 moderate quality, n = 4 high quality). CWI interventions were performed in baths (n = 10) or showers (n = 1) at temperatures ranging from 7°C to 15°C and durations ranging from 30 seconds to 2 hours. The meta-analysis revealed significant increases in inflammation immediately (SMD: 1.03, [95% CI: 0.37, 1.68], p <  0.01) and 1 hour post CWI (SMD: 1.26, [95% CI: 0.59, 1.94], p <  0.01), indicating an acute inflammatory response. A significant reduction in stress was observed 12 hours post-CWI (SMD: –1.00, [95% CI: –1.40, –0.61], p <  0.01), however, no significant effects on stress were detected immediately (SMD: –0.09 [95% CI: –0.45, 0.63], p >  0.05), 1 hour (SMD: –0.29 [95% CI: –0.66, 0.08], p >  0.05), 24 hours (SMD: –0.06 [95% CI: –0.50, 0.38], p >  0.05), or 48 hours (SMD: 0.09 [95% CI: –0.28, 0.46], p >  0.05) post-exposure. While meta-analysis showed no significant effects on immune function immediately (SMD: –0.16 [95% CI: –0.82, 0.51], p >  0.05) or 1 hour (SMD: –0.18 [95% CI: –1.09, 0.74], p >  0.05) post-CWI, narrative synthesis suggested longer-term benefits, including a 29% reduction in sickness absence among participants who took cold showers. Improvements were also observed in sleep quality and quality of life, but not mood.

Conclusions

This systematic review suggests that CWI delivers time-dependent effects on inflammation, stress, immunity, sleep quality, and quality of life, offering potential practical applications for health practitioners considering CWI for stress management and wellbeing support. However, the current evidence base is constrained by few RCTs, small sample sizes, and a lack of diversity in study populations. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to examine the long-term effects of CWI, its impact on diverse health outcomes, and optimal CWI protocols.

PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024500591)
Modified musculofascial lengthening technique for submuscular ulnar nerve transposition in cubital tunnel syndrome
Authors: So Sang-Pil , Lee Won Sun , Ku KiHyeok , Shin Young Ho , Kim Jae Kwang
Published: January 2025

Objective

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a common peripheral neuropathy of the upper extremity. Anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is an established surgical treatment option for this condition. This study aimed to introduce a novel musculofascial lengthening technique that uses only a portion of the flexor-pronator muscle mass for submuscular anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve and investigate its clinical outcomes.

Methods

We evaluated 28 patients (29 cases; 1 patient had bilateral involvement) diagnosed with cubital tunnel syndrome who were treated with surgical decompression and submuscular anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve using our novel technique. Mean follow-up was 19.1 months (range, 12–31). Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire, and numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain. Objective outcomes including light touch perception, static two-point discrimination, and grip strength were also assessed. Modified Bishop score and postoperative complications were also evaluated.

Results

BCTQ symptom severity and functional status scores, DASH score, and NRS for pain score showed significant improvement after surgery. Light touch perception, static two-point discrimination, and grip strength also significantly improved after surgery. All patients showed excellent or good results according to the modified Bishop scoring system. No recurrence or complications occurred.

Conclusion

Our novel musculofascial lengthening technique that uses only a portion of the flexor-pronator muscle mass for submuscular anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve reliably achieves good results with minimal complications in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome.
A Country Fit for Heroes: DIY Punk in Eighties Britain, Ian Glasper (2024)
Authors: Bestley Russ
Published: January 2025

Review of: A Country Fit for Heroes: DIY Punk in Eighties Britain, Ian Glasper (2024)

Ticehurst: Earth Island Books, 686 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-91686-424-5, p/bk, £24.99
Destiny Stopped Screaming: The Life and Times of Adrian Borland, Simon Heavisides (2024)
Authors: Loydell Rupert
Published: January 2025

Review of: Destiny Stopped Screaming: The Life and Times of Adrian Borland, Simon Heavisides (2024)

Rotterdam: Stichting Opposite Direction, 499 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-09038-083-4, p/bk, £23
Punk Revolution! An Oral History of Punk Rock Politics and Activism, John Malkin (2023)
Authors: Quinn Kevin
Published: January 2025

Review of: Punk Revolution! An Oral History of Punk Rock Politics and Activism, John Malkin (2023)

Lanham, MD: Rowman – Littlefield Publishers, 357 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-53817-172-1, h/bk, £25
Editorial
Authors: Bestley Russ
Published: January 2025

This issue of Punk & Post-Punk reflects on literature, activism, archival practices, COVID-19, audience participation, movement and dancing in punk spaces.
Composición y evolución de las escuadras genovesas de galeras al servicio de la Monarquía Hispánica (1528-1650)
Authors: Maréchaux Benoît
Published: January 2025

Este artículo reconstruye la formación y evolución de las escuadras de galeras que los asentistas genoveses gestionaron por cuenta de la Monarquía Hispánica desde las guerras de Italia hasta la paz de Westfalia. Mientras los estudiosos investigan cada vez más el negocio transnacional de la guerra, como forma de superar las limitaciones del modelo del fiscal-military state, no contamos con estudios diacrónicos sobre la composición de las escuadras de galeras genovesas, una de las instituciones más emblemáticas de la privatización de la guerra en la Europa de la época moderna. Con el objetivo de aportar un primer trabajo panorámico sobre la cuestión, el presente artículo establece quiénes fueron los principales contratistas, a la vez que reconstruye la evolución de las fuerzas armadas provistas en el Mediterráneo. Se pretende, de este modo, explicar el desarrollo, la consolidación y la crisis de una colaboración entre estado y empresarios externos que, lejos de ser ocasional o marginal, constituyó un método clave para movilizar fuerzas navales permanentes durante casi dos siglos.
truchimanes de lengua griega de la Monarquía Hispánica (siglos XVI-XVII)
Authors: Floristán José M. 
Published: January 2025

La extensión y variedad de la política exterior de los Austrias españoles puso a la Monarquía en contacto con diversas comunidades de la cristiandad oriental, entre ellas, la griega. La existencia de una hispanofilia política en territorio balcánico y mediterráneo oriental por motivos ideológicos y el establecimiento de emigrantes griegos en los reinos de la Monarquía hicieron necesaria la labor de traducción de textos escritos o testimonios orales de lengua griega. En este trabajo presento y analizo los datos conocidos sobre la interpretación de documentos diplomáticos y judiciales en los siglos XVI-XVII, labor que se encomendaba a hablantes nativos o humanistas conocedores del griego.
Improving the Operationalisation and Implementation of the WTO’s LDC Services Waiver: A Commonwealth Perspective
Authors: Sharma Swati
Published: January 2025

In 2011, the World Trade Organization members adopted a decision on the Least Developed Country Services Waiver (‘the Waiver’), which allowed developed and developing countries to grant LDC members preferential treatment that would otherwise be inconsistent with most-favoured-nation treatment under Article II of the General Agreement on Trade in Services. However, even after the decision adopted to operationalise the Waiver at the Bali Ministerial Conference in 2013, most LDCs have not been able to take advantage of this arrangement.

This study explores the services trade of the 14 Commonwealth LDCs to analyse whether the preferences provided under the LDC Services Waiver are commercially meaningful for these economies. The study highlights the major contribution that services make to gross domestic product (GDP) in almost all Commonwealth LDCs and argues that services sectors have significant potential to drive economic development and transformation in these countries.
Trade in Plastics and Plastics Substitute Materials in Commonwealth Countries
Authors: Zhuawu Collin , Ali Salamat , de Klerk Kyle
Published: January 2025

In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the need for co-ordinated action to address the increasing health, environmental and economic costs of burgeoning plastics pollution and the role that trade can play as a solution. Annual global exports of plastics total about US$1 trillion (or 333 million tonnes), almost 5 per cent of world merchandise trade ($19 trillion, 2019–21 average). These trade flows have almost quadrupled over the last two decades, from an annual average of $260 billion (or 94 million tonnes) during 1995–97. To help reduce plastics pollution, 127 countries have adopted legislation to regulate plastics bags. This includes restricting the manufacturing, imports, distribution and use of plastics as well as promoting the use of plastics substitutes and reducing single use plastics. (UNEP 2018).

To widen the discussion on the role that trade can play as a solution to plastics pollution, this first part of a two-part special edition of Trade Hot Topics takes a step back to get a better understanding of the significance of trade in materials that can be used as inputs in the production of plastics substitutes and alternatives. It analyses the trade-related challenges and opportunities for developing countries, including least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS), to use trade to reduce plastics pollution.2 It focuses on Commonwealth developing countries, which are key suppliers of a wide range of these plastics substitute materials.
Decomposition and nutrient release from shoot of legumes cover crops
Authors: Rosendo dos Santos Valdevan , Correia Costa Leonardo , Silveira Rabêlo Flávio Henrique , Chisté Loren , Macêdo Medeiros Beatriz , Dos Santos Dias Carlos Tadeu
Published: January 2025

The cover crops can reduce soil exposure and erosion while enhancing nutrient cycling for crops. Effective implementation requires understanding how cover crops decompose and release nutrients to align with crop demand. This research assessed the decomposition rates and nutrient release of various legume residues commonly used as green manure or cover crops in agricultural systems. The study took place in a nutrient-deficient Red-Yellow Ultisol, using a split-plot design with different legume cover crop species: Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cajanus cajan, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), Dolichos lablab, Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna aterrima as the main plots and six evaluation periods: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days after incorporation (DAI) as the subplots. Initial mass losses were observed in the first 60 days, followed by a slower decline over the study period. The order of nutrient accumulation in biomass was found to be: K > N > P > Ca > Mg. The Dolichos lablab species had the slowest decomposition rate, with a half-life of 43 days, while Cajanus cajan had the fastest, with a half-life of 65 days. Potassium reached its maximum by 30 DAI, indicating a rapid transfer to the soil. Nitrogen, P, and K contents decreased during different vegetative phases, highlighting the importance of proper timing for legume management. Hemp, Crotalaria spectabilis, Dolichos lablab, and Canavalia ensiformis were suitable for short-cycle vegetables due to rapid nutrient availability. Conversely, Cajanus spp., and Mucuna aterrima were better for extended soil coverage and slow nutrient release.
Vegetative growth and fruit quality of 'Tahiti' acid lime grafted onto different rootstocks
Authors: de Carvalho Campos Botelho Silvia , Roncatto Givanildo , Olibone Dácio , Pereira de Souza Ícaro , Rafael da Silva Bruno , Mendes Botelho Fernando
Published: January 2025

The production of 'Tahiti' acid lime in Brazil is currently limited to the northeastern and southeastern regions and research is required to identify compatible rootstocks in order to potentiate other producing areas and to meet the needs of the consumer and industrial markets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics during vegetative growth and the physicochemical attributes and quality of fruit produced by 'Tahiti CNPMF-02' acid lime grafted onto the twelve rootstocks ‘Cravo LCRSC’ and ‘LCR-03’ lime, citrandarins ‘CTRI’ and ‘CTRSD’, citrumelo ‘CTSW’, ‘Pear HTR-069’ orange, ‘Volkamer LVK×LCR- 038’ lemon, and ‘Sunki TSKC×CTSW-028', ‘TSKC×CTSW-041', ‘TSKC×(LCR×TR)-059', ‘TSKC×TRFD-003' and ‘TSKT’ tangerine. The randomized experimental design included 12 treatments with four repetitions and five plants per plot. The characteristics of the grafted plants were evaluated during vegetative growth at 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 years of age, while fruit quality was assessed at maturity. All tested rootstocks were compatible with the scion 'Tahiti CNPMF 02' acid lime cultivated under the climate and soil conditions in the north of Mato Grosso state. The rootstocks ‘LCR-003', ‘CTRI’, ‘CTRSD’, ‘CTSW’ and ‘TSKC×CTSW-028' induced the greatest vertical growth, trunk diameter, crown volume and vigor in the grafted plants. The physicochemical characteristics and quality of the fruit produced by grafted plants of 'Tahiti CNPMF 02' acid lime met market expectations, except for the parameter total titratable acidity. The fruits produced by 'Tahiti CNPMF 02' acid lime grafted onto ‘CTRSD’, ‘TSKC×(LCR×TR)-059’, ‘LCR-003’, ‘TSKC×CTSW-041’, ‘TSKC×TRFD-003’, ‘LVK×LCR-038’ and ‘CTRI’ were the largest in terms of length and mass.
Body Mass Index Did Not Impact Efficacy and Safety of Etrasimod: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ELEVATE UC Clinical Program
Authors: Yarur Andres J. , Long Millie D. , Torres Joana , Nandi Neilanjan , Cross Raymond K. , Abbatemarco Arcangelo M. , Blanco David , Niezychowski Wojciech , Crosby Catherine , Wu Joseph , Pradeep Gokul , Goetsch Martina , Panaccione Remo
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE:

High body mass index (BMI) may reduce ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment efficacy. Etrasimod is an oral, once-daily (QD), selective sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)1,4,5 receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active UC. This post hoc analysis assessed treatment outcomes according to BMI in ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12.

METHODS:

Patients receiving etrasimod 2 mg QD or placebo were stratified by BMI: <25, 25–‍30, and >30 kg/m2. Efficacy and safety were assessed at Weeks 12 (pooled data) and 52 (ELEVATE UC 52 only) in addition to biomarkers assessments from Week 0–12.

RESULTS:

For BMI <25 (N = 443) and 25–30 kg/m2 (N = 217) subgroups, more patients receiving etrasimod vs placebo achieved clinical remission at Weeks 12 (BMI <25 kg/m2: 27.9% vs 13.3%; 25–30 kg/m2: 28.5% vs 10.0%; all P<0.001) and 52 (BMI <25 kg/m2: 30.8% vs 10.0%; 25–30 kg/m2: 33.3% vs 6.3%; all P<0.0001); and also for all other efficacy endpoints (P<0.05). In the BMI >30 kg/m2 subgroup (N = 127), more patients receiving etrasimod vs placebo achieved clinical remission at Week 52 (36.5% vs 3.9%; P<0.0001) and most other efficacy endpoints at Weeks 12 and 52 (all P<0.05). Overall, regardless of baseline BMI, numerically lower fecal calprotectin levels were observed with etrasimod vs placebo in treatment responders. The safety profile of etrasimod was consistent between BMI subgroups.

CONCLUSION:

A high BMI did not significantly impact efficacy and safety outcomes of etrasimod. (NCT03945188; NCT03996369).
Kesejahteraan Subjektif Guru Honorer: Trait dan State Syukur
Authors: Anggarani Fadjri Kirana , Andari Nabila Putri
Published: January 2025

Amid the limitations of honorary teachers regarding welfare demands, it shows that there is still a sense of satisfaction and happiness even though the lack of income is a burden and an obstacle. These feelings indicate subjective well-being which not only influenced by material but also internal dispositions. The study aimed to examine the effect of the gratitude trait on subjective well-being directly or indirectly through the mediation of the gratitude state. Participants are honorary teachers in Surakarta with the required sample size of 122 - 144 people. Measurements were made using the subjective well-being scale, the gratitude trait scale, and the gratitude state scale. The data were tested using path analysis model regression analysis based on the procedure of the Baron & Kenny mediator. The results showed a greater role contribution to the direct effect (βc' = 0.326) of the gratitude trait on subjective well-being than the indirect effect through the mediation of the gratitude state (βab = 0.068). These results provide an overview of the subjective well-being of honorary teachers associated with the gratitude trait and the gratitude state.
 
Di tengah keterbatasan guru honorer terkait tuntutan kesejahteraan menunjukkan masih terdapat rasa puas dan bahagia meskipun kekurangan pendapatan menjadi beban dan hambatan. Perasaan tersebut menunjukkan kesejahteraan subjektif yang bukan hanya dipengaruhi oleh material, melainkan disposisi internal. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh trait syukur terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui mediasi state syukur. Partisipan adalah guru honorer di Surakarta dengan besar sampel yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 122 - 144 orang. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan skala kesejahteraan subjektif, skala trait syukur, dan skala state syukur. Data diuji dengan analisis regresi model analisis jalur berdasarkan prosedur mediator Baron & Kenny. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kontribusi peran yang lebih besar pada pengaruh langsung (βc’ =0.326) trait syukur terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif dibandingkan pengaruh tidak langsung melalui mediasi state syukur (βab =0.068). Hasil ini memberikan gambaran kesejahteraan subjektif pada guru honorer yang terkait dengan trait syukur dan state syukur.
ANALISIS PENGARUH DUKUNGAN SOSIAL, KEJELASAN PERAN DAN ORIENTASI BELAJAR TERHADAP KINERJA TENAGA PENJUALAN (Kasus Pada Perusahaan Asuransi di Kota Semarang)
Authors: Djastuti Indi , Budi Lestari Moga Indah Catur
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganallsis pengaruh dukungan sosial, kejelasan peran tenaga penjualan dan orientasi belajar terhadap kinerja tenaga penjualan perusahaan asuransi di Semarang. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 231 tenaga penjual asuransi di Semarang dengan teknik cluster area sampling. Hipotesis yang dlkembangkan didasarkan pada hubungan antara dukungan sosial, kefelasan peran dan orientasi belajar terhadap kinerja tenaga penjual asuransi. Alat anallsis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh dukungan sosial, kejejasan peran dan orientasi belajar terhadap kinerja tenaga penjual asuransl di Kota Semarang.
ANALISIS BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PROSES PENGEMBANGAN KUALITAS SISTEM
Authors: Amrul Sadat
Published: January 2025

This research test directly factors influencing for systems development quality, like: user participation, user training, user expertise, user /developer communication, user Influence, and user conflict. Persuant to answer 86 respondent employee banking industry in Banjarmasin. Result of examination of partial regretion indicate that user training and user/developer communication have an effect on positive and significant to systems development  quality, while user participation, user influence, user expertise and user conflict not have an effect on by partial to systems development quality.
ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURES AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT : REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS
Authors: Sarumpaet Susi
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses  the theoretical concept of environmental disclosures and earnings management. Two theories  are used in the framework, namely: fegitimacy theory and political costs theory. According to legitimacy theory, firms will disclose environmental information to their stakeholders in order to maintain legitimacy. On the other hand, political Cost theory asserts that politically visible companies (e.g. large, high profit), are vulnerable to political costs and hence will attempt to reduce the possibility of adverse political attention. In doing so, these firms may convey environmental campaigns through voluntary disclosure and, lobby the politicians by managing earnings. Previous studies have revealed consistency With the arguments above. Studies on environmental disclosures found that firms disclose environmental information to maintain legitimacy. Other studies showed that environmental disclosure is associated with size and industry sector, as the proxies for political costs. Recent investigations also found that firms engaged in earnings management in order to reduce political costs derived environmental litigations, potential environmental regulations and poor environmental performance. It is concluded that more empirical studies are needed to refine the environmental­ related earnings management area, whereas research methodology may be focused on the environmental disclosure area.
PENGARUH FATWA MUI TENTANG BUNGA BANK TERHADAP TINGKAT ABNORMAL RETURN SAHAM BANK UMUM ( Studi Kasus pada saham Bank Umum yang termasuk dalam LQ45 BEJ)
Authors: Mawardi Wisnu , Hasan Fahmi
Published: January 2025

Fatwa MUI tentang bunga bank diprediksi oleh banyak kalangan dunia perbankan akan memperkeruh kondisi perbankan nasional yang baru bangkit setelah dihantam krisis ekonomi. Prediksi ini membuat para investor akan berpikir dua kali sebelum melakukan investasi pada saham-saham sektor perbankan. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran aktual tentang reaksi investor pasar modal terhadap peristiwa munculnya fatwa MUI tentang bunga bank pada tanggal 16 Desember 2003 pada saham - saham sektor perbankan yang terdaftar pada LQ 45 Bursa Efek Jakarta. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap pengaruh  abnormal return saham. Analisis yang dipakai menggunakan event study dengan melihat 100 hari periode estimasi dan 21 hari periode peristiwa yang terdiri 1O hari sebelum munculnya fatwa,  1  hari saat kejadian dan 10 hari sesudah fatwa tersebut dikeluarkan. Dengan menggunakan a/at analisis Uji- t. Sampel yang digunakan  adalah saham perbankan yang termasuk dalam daftar indeks LQ 45 di Bursa Etek Jakarta. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa fatwa MUI tentang bunga bank  tidak menimbulkan gejolak berarti bagi perdagangan saham perbankan di pasar modal.
The Influence of Store Atmosphere and Service Quality on Consumer Purchasing Decisions at Allbaik Chicken Sawah Lebar Bengkulu City
Authors: Ilhami Mardhiyah Dwi , Sari Lina Dwita
Published: January 2025

The aim of the research is to determine the influence of store atmosphere and service quality on consumer purchasing decisions at Allbaik Chicken Sawah Width , Bengkulu City. And to find out which factors most dominantly influence purchasing decisions. This research used quantitative methods on 150 respondents.The population used in this research were consumers in Allbaik Chicken Sawah Lebar , Bengkulu City and sampling in this research used a non-probability sampling technique. Based on the results of multiple linear regression, the regression equation form Y = 9,100 + 0.277 (X1) + 0.506 (X2) is obtained. The research results and hypothesis show that Store Atmosphere and Service Quality have a positive effect on Purchasing Decisions.
Evaluasi Kinerja Reklamasi Lahan Bekas Tambang Nikel PT. Trimegah Bangun Persada di Pulau Obi, Maluku Utara
Authors: Kamarullah Suryawan , Najamuddin Najamuddin , Rauf Ichsan , Sabaruddin Sabaruddin , Sultan Mufti Amir , Zamzam Zulkifli , Gaus Abdul
Published: January 2025

Kegiatan reklamasi pascatambang wajib dilakukan terhadap bukaan lahan aktivitas pertambangan dalam upaya perlindungan lingkungan dan mengatasi masalah kerusakan lahan. Undang – undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang perubahan atas Undang – Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara mengamanatkan kewajiban pemegang IUP atau IUPK menyusun dan menyerahkan rencana reklamasi dan/atau rencana pascatambang. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan evaluasi kinerja reklamasi lahan bekas tambang nikel PT. Trimegah Bangun Persada periode tahun 2016-2020. Evaluasi kinerja keberhasilan reklamasi pascatambang dianalisis menggunakan Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 1827K/30/MEM/2018 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Kaidah Teknik Pertambangan Yang Baik. Kriteria yang dianalisis meliputi penatagunaan lahan, revegetasi, dan penyelesaian akhir. Hasil penelitian diperoleh realisasi luas bukaan lahan tambang yang direklamasi sebesar 275,46 ha atau 66,33% dari luas lahan yang direncanakan 415,3 ha, realisasi lahan bekas tambang yang ditimbun kembali seluas 105,18 ha atau 38,18% dari luas lahan yang direncanakan 275,46 ha, dan realisasi luas area bekas lahan tambang yang ditata sebesar 51,2 ha atau 101,45% dari luas lahan yang direncanakan 50,47 ha. Realisasi penebaran top soil dan revegetasi masing-masing mencapai luas yang sama yaitu sebesar 48,76 ha atau sebesar 96% dari total yang direncanakan 50,47 ha, dan realisasi penanaman tanaman penutup mencapai 51,2 ha atau 101,45% dari rencana seluas 50,47 ha. Evaluasi kinerja tingkat keberhasilan reklamasi lahan bekas tambang nikel PT. Trimegah Bangun Persada mencapai 88,24% sehingga tergolong kategori baik.
Relationship Between Working Periode and Using PPE with Hb Levels of Gas station Officers with Benzene Exposure in Cimahi City
Authors: Suhat Suhat , Yogisutanti Gurdani , Natawaluya Hadian , Hotmaida Linda
Published: January 2025

Gas stations have risks of benzene exposure. Benzene can cause anemia or decreased hemoglobin levels, due to the length of exposure, period of work, and use of Personal Protective Equipment. The purpose of this study to determine relationship between length of service and use of PPE on hemoglobin levels at gas station workers in Cimahi City. The study was conducted with a cross-sectional design on 100 participants from 10 gas stations. The working period was collected using a questionnaire, the use of PPE is measured by observation, and the measurement of hemoglobin levels is measured using an Hb meter instrument. The univariate statistical test uses frequency distribution and the bivariate uses the Spearman Rank Correlation. The results showed that 22% use PPE in the less category, 42% have worked for more than 5 years, and 35% of gas station workers in Cimahi City had low hemoglobin levels. The results of statistical analysis of the relationship between length of service and hemoglobin levels of gas station attendants in Cimahi City showed a value of p=0.001, and the relationship between the use of PPE and hemoglobin levels of gas station workers showed a value of p=0.390. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between length of service and Hb levels of gas station attendants, and there was no relationship between the use of PPE.
Pendugaan Potensi Biomassa dan Nilai Ekonomi Serapan Karbon Tegakan di Hutan Rakyat Desa Plosorejo, Kerjo, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Bela Depas Isa , Rahmadwiati Rissa , Wicaksono Rezky Lasekti
Published: January 2025

CO2 adalah gas rumah kaca yang berkontribusi terhadap perubahan iklim. Upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim adalah mempertahankan hutan rakyat. Vegetasi hutan rakyat memiliki peran penting yaitu menyerap gas rumah kaca, seperti CO2 melalui fotosintesis dan menyimpannya bentuk biomassa serta memiliki nilai ekonomi. Pentingnya peran hutan rakyat dalam upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengestimasi potensi biomassa, karbon yang tersimpan, serta dampak ekonomi dalam penyerapan karbon tegakan di Hutan Rakyat Desa Plosorejo. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kombinasi systematic sampling with random star. Intensitas sampling yang digunakan sebesar 1% dari luas hutan rakyat sebesar 194 ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Hutan Rakyat Desa Plosorejo memiliki 702 individu tanaman pada fase pohon dan tiang, terdiri dari 13 jenis pohon penyusun, yang didominasi oleh sengon, jati dan durian. Biomassa total mencapai 4.540 ton/ha, nilai cadangan karbon tegakan mencapai 2.140,28 ton/ha, nilai penyerapan karbon sebesar 7.825,8 ton/ha. Selanjutnya, nilai ekonomi penyerapan karbon seluruh hutan rakyat Desa Plosorejo mencapai Rp1.224.330.758,4 dihitung berdasarkan harga karbon 10 USD per ton dan kurs Rp15.644,80/USD. Hasil ini menunjukkan pentingnya peran hutan rakyat dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim serta potensi ekonominya.