bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The European Central Bank and the European Macroeconomic Constitution
Authors: Tuori Klaus
Published: September 2022

The book is about money, central banking and constitutions. It explains how the European Central Bank was established to ensure stability and prosperity for the euro area. The ECB was guided and controlled by a coherent European Macroeconomic Constitution. However, this model has failed during recurring crises, and the ECB has started to act as the euro area fire brigade. Consequently, it is pushing the boundaries of monetary policy, and with that challenging the accountability mechanisms and fundamentally also the democratic legitimacy of the EMU. The book sheds light on this complex economic-constitutional setting with a view on the future. The imbalance between various new operations and a single price stability objective is difficult to remedy. New objectives of financial stability, economic adjustment and environmental sustainability can cause fundamental ruptures between the ECB's formal role and its actions, and they also dangerously overburden monetary policy moving forward with substantial risks.
No Blank Check
Authors: Reeves Andrew , Rogowski Jon C.
Published: September 2022

Concerns about unaccountable executive power have featured recurrently in political debates from the American founding to today. For many, presidents' use of unilateral power threatens American democracy. No Blank Check advances a new perspective: Instead of finding Americans apathetic towards how presidents exercise power, it shows the public is deeply concerned with core democratic values. Drawing on data from original surveys, innovative experiments, historical polls, and contexts outside the United States, the book highlights Americans' skepticism towards presidential power. This skepticism results in a public that punishes unilaterally minded presidents and the policies they pursue. By departing from existing theories of presidential power which acknowledge only institutional constraints, this timely and revealing book demonstrates the public's capacity to tame the unilateral impulses of even the most ambitious presidents. Ultimately, when it comes to exercising power, the public does not hand the president a blank check.
A scoping review of community-based mental health intervention for children and adolescents in South Asia
Authors: Willmot Rhiannon A. , Sharp Rebecca A. , Amir Kassim Azlina , Parkinson John A.
Published: September 2022

Children and adolescents in South Asia are exposed to significant mental health risks. Yet, policy to prevent or treat youth mental health problems in this context is underdeveloped, and services are difficult to access. Community-based mental health treatment may offer a potential solution, by increasing resource capacity in deprived settings. However, little is known about the current community-based mental health provision for South Asian youth. A scoping review was conducted across six scientific databases and hand searching of reference lists to identify relevant studies. Study selection and data extraction were performed by three independent reviewers using predefined criteria, an adapted version of the template for intervention description and replication checklist and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The search identified 19 relevant studies published from January 2000 to March 2020. Studies most frequently addressed PTSD and autism, were conducted in India and Sri Lanka, used education-based intervention and were based in urban school settings. Community-based mental health provision for the South Asian youth is in its infancy, but holds promise for providing essential resources to treat or prevent mental health disorder. New insights on approaches are discussed, which are valuable for South Asian settings, primarily task-shifting and stigma reduction, with implications for policy, practice and research.
Anisakid parasites (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in 3 commercially important gadid fish species from the southern Barents Sea, with emphasis on key infection drivers and spatial distribution within the hosts
Authors: Levsen Arne , Cipriani Paolo , Palomba Marialetizia , Giulietti Lucilla , Storesund Julia E. , Bao Miguel
Published: September 2022

Northeast Arctic cod, saithe and haddock are among the most important fisheries resources in Europe, largely shipped to various continental markets. The present study aimed to map the presence and distribution of larvae of parasitic nematodes in the Anisakidae family which are of socioeconomic and public health concern. Fishes were sourced from commercial catches during winter or spring in the southern Barents Sea. Samples of fish were inspected for nematodes using the UV-press method while anisakid species identification relied on sequencing of the mtDNA cox2 gene. Anisakis simplex (s.s.) was the most prevalent and abundant anisakid recorded, occurring at high infection levels in the viscera and flesh of cod and saithe, while being less abundant in haddock. Contracaecum osculatum (s.l.) larvae, not found in the fish flesh, showed moderate-to-high prevalence in saithe, haddock and cod, respectively. Most Pseudoterranova spp. larvae occurred at low-to-moderate prevalence, and low abundance, in the viscera (Pseudoterranova bulbosa) and flesh (Pseudoterranova decipiens (s.s.) and Pseudoterranova krabbei) of cod, only 2 P. decipiens (s.s.) appeared in the flesh of saithe. Body length was the single most important host-related factor to predict overall abundance of anisakid larvae in the fish species. The spatial distribution of Anisakis larvae in the fish flesh showed much higher abundances in the belly flaps than in the dorsal fillet parts. Trimming of the flesh by removing the belly flaps would reduce larval presence in the fillets of these gadid fish species by 86–91%.
The Amazon Rain Forest Can’t Keep Up with Droughts
Authors: Beurteaux Danielle
Published: September 2022

Droughts in one region of the Amazon can lead to less moisture elsewhere, and trees may not adapt quickly enough to survive.
Off‐Coast Phytoplankton Bloom in the Taiwan Strait During the Northeasterly Monsoon Wind Relaxation Period
Authors: Zhao Zhonghua , Oey Lie‐Yauw , Huang Bangqin , Lu Wenfang , Jiang Yuwu
Published: September 2022

This study applied cruise, model, and satellite data to analyze the off‐coast phytoplankton blooming during the late fall to early spring monsoon period in the Taiwan Strait when northeasterly wind prevails. Based on the composite and self‐organizing map analyses, the three data sets consistently show high chlorophyll‐a concentration near the along‐shore front during the down‐front northeasterly wind relaxation period while lower concentration when relatively strong wind is persistent. Meanwhile, the off‐coast blooming always coincides with intense near‐surface stratification when the northeasterly wind relaxes. Diagnoses of balanced Richardson number, Ertel potential vorticity and instability energy budget from high‐resolution cruise observations and model results demonstrate that vigorous submesoscale symmetric and baroclinic instabilities can develop near the along‐shore front under the down‐front NE wind. Diagnoses of modeled buoyancy and chlorophyll‐a budget equations further suggest the submesoscale instabilities lead to rapid near‐surface restratification and offshore stretching of the along‐shore front within the upper 10‐m of the mixed layer when the down‐front NE wind relaxes, favoring the surface 10‐m phytoplankton growth. As comparison, contribution of the larger‐scale advection related with geostrophic adjustment and Ekman transport to the chlorophyll‐a increment reached beyond the middle layer of ∼20‐m depth.
The effect of European fuel-tax cuts on the oil income of Russia
Authors: Gars Johan , Spiro Daniel , Wachtmeister Henrik
Published: September 2022

Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, there has been a surge in transport fuel prices. Consequently, many European Union (EU) countries are cutting taxes on petrol and diesel to shield consumers. Using standard theory and empirical estimates, here we assess how such tax cuts influence the oil income in Russia. We find that an EU-wide tax cut of €0.20 l−1increases Russia’s oil profits by around €8 million per day in the short and long term. This is equivalent to €3,100 million per year, 0.2% of Russia’s gross domestic product or 5% of its military spending. We show that a cash transfer to EU citizens—with a fiscal burden equivalent to the tax cut—reduces these side effects to a fraction.
Removing unwanted variation from large-scale RNA sequencing data with PRPS
Authors: Molania Ramyar , Foroutan Momeneh , Gagnon-Bartsch Johann A. , Gandolfo Luke C. , Jain Aryan , Sinha Abhishek , Olshansky Gavriel , Dobrovic Alexander , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Speed Terence P.
Published: September 2022

Accurate identification and effective removal of unwanted variation is essential to derive meaningful biological results from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, especially when the data come from large and complex studies. Using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we examined several sources of unwanted variation and demonstrate here how these can significantly compromise various downstream analyses, including cancer subtype identification, association between gene expression and survival outcomes and gene co-expression analysis. We propose a strategy, called pseudo-replicates of pseudo-samples (PRPS), for deploying our recently developed normalization method, called removing unwanted variation III (RUV-III), to remove the variation caused by library size, tumor purity and batch effects in TCGA RNA-seq data. We illustrate the value of our approach by comparing it to the standard TCGA normalizations on several TCGA RNA-seq datasets. RUV-III with PRPS can be used to integrate and normalize other large transcriptomic datasets coming from multiple laboratories or platforms.
Mostly natural sequencing-by-synthesis for scRNA-seq using Ultima sequencing
Authors: Simmons Sean K. , Lithwick-Yanai Gila , Adiconis Xian , Oberstrass Florian , Iremadze Nika , Geiger-Schuller Kathryn , Thakore Pratiksha I. , Frangieh Chris J. , Barad Omer , Almogy Gilad , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv , Lipson Doron , Levin Joshua Z.
Published: September 2022

Here we introduce a mostly natural sequencing-by-synthesis (mnSBS) method for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), adapted to the Ultima genomics platform, and systematically benchmark it against current scRNA-seq technology. mnSBS uses mostly natural, unmodified nucleotides and only a low fraction of fluorescently labeled nucleotides, which allows for high polymerase processivity and lower costs. We demonstrate successful application in four scRNA-seq case studies of different technical and biological types, including 5′ and 3′ scRNA-seq, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a single individual and in multiplex, as well as Perturb-Seq. Benchmarking shows that results from mnSBS-based scRNA-seq are very similar to those using Illumina sequencing, with minor differences in results related to the position of reads relative to annotated gene boundaries, owing to single-end reads of Ultima being closer to gene ends than reads from Illumina. The method is thus compatible with state-of-the-art scRNA-seq libraries independent of the sequencing technology. We expect mnSBS to be of particular utility for cost-effective large-scale scRNA-seq projects.
Drivers and determinants of strain dynamics following fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Schmidt Thomas S. B. , Li Simone S. , Maistrenko Oleksandr M. , Akanni Wasiu , Coelho Luis Pedro , Dolai Sibasish , Fullam Anthony , Glazek Anna M. , Hercog Rajna , Herrema Hilde , Jung Ferris , Kandels Stefanie , Orakov Askarbek , Thielemann Roman , von Stetten Moritz , Van Rossum Thea , Benes Vladimir , Borody Thomas J. , de Vos Willem M. , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , Nieuwdorp Max , Bork Peer
Published: September 2022

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic intervention for inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, but its clinical mode of action and subsequent microbiome dynamics remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed metagenomes from 316 FMTs, sampled pre and post intervention, for the treatment of ten different disease indications. We quantified strain-level dynamics of 1,089 microbial species, complemented by 47,548 newly constructed metagenome-assembled genomes. Donor strain colonization and recipient strain resilience were mostly independent of clinical outcomes, but accurately predictable using LASSO-regularized regression models that accounted for host, microbiome and procedural variables. Recipient factors and donor–recipient complementarity, encompassing entire microbial communities to individual strains, were the main determinants of strain population dynamics, providing insights into the underlying processes that shape the post-FMT gut microbiome. Applying an ecology-based framework to our findings indicated parameters that may inform the development of more effective, targeted microbiome therapies in the future, and suggested how patient stratification can be used to enhance donor microbiota colonization or the displacement of recipient microbes in clinical practice.
Repeated exposure to either consistently spatiotemporally congruent or consistently incongruent audiovisual stimuli modulates the audiovisual common-cause prior
Authors: Hong Fangfang , Badde Stephanie , Landy Michael S.
Published: September 2022

To estimate an environmental property such as object location from multiple sensory signals, the brain must infer their causal relationship. Only information originating from the same source should be integrated. This inference relies on the characteristics of the measurements, the information the sensory modalities provide on a given trial, as well as on a cross-modal common-cause prior: accumulated knowledge about the probability that cross-modal measurements originate from the same source. We examined the plasticity of this cross-modal common-cause prior. In a learning phase, participants were exposed to a series of audiovisual stimuli that were either consistently spatiotemporally congruent or consistently incongruent; participants’ audiovisual spatial integration was measured before and after this exposure. We fitted several Bayesian causal-inference models to the data; the models differed in the plasticity of the common-source prior. Model comparison revealed that, for the majority of the participants, the common-cause prior changed during the learning phase. Our findings reveal that short periods of exposure to audiovisual stimuli with a consistent causal relationship can modify the common-cause prior. In accordance with previous studies, both exposure conditions could either strengthen or weaken the common-cause prior at the participant level. Simulations imply that the direction of the prior-update might be mediated by the degree of sensory noise, the variability of the measurements of the same signal across trials, during the learning phase.
Adjunctive therapy with the Tie2 agonist Vasculotide reduces pulmonary permeability in Streptococcus pneumoniae infected and mechanically ventilated mice
Authors: Lask Aina , Gutbier Birgitt , Kershaw Olivia , Nouailles Geraldine , Gruber Achim D. , Müller-Redetzky Holger C. , Chackowicz Steven , Hamilton Douglas A. , Van Slyke Paul , Witzenrath Martin
Published: September 2022

Community acquired pneumonia, mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pn.), is a common cause of death worldwide. Despite adequate antibiotic therapy, pneumococcal pneumonia can induce pulmonary endothelial hyperpermeability leading to acute lung injury, which often requires mechanical ventilation (MV) causing ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Endothelial stabilization is mediated by angiopoietin-1 induced Tie2 activation. PEGylated (polyethylene glycol) Tie2-agonist Vasculotide (VT) mimics Angiopietin-1 effects. Recently, VT has been shown to reduce pulmonary hyperpermeability in murine pneumococcal pneumonia. The aim of this study was to determine whether VT reduces lung damage in S.pn. infected and mechanically ventilated mice. Pulmonary hyperpermeability, immune response and bacterial load were quantified in S.pn. infected mice treated with Ampicillin + /−VT and undergoing six hours of MV 24 h post infection. Histopathological lung changes, Tie2-expression and -phosphorylation were evaluated. VT did not alter immune response or bacterial burden, but interestingly combination treatment with ampicillin significantly reduced pulmonary hyperpermeability, histological lung damage and edema formation. Tie2-mRNA expression was reduced by S.pn. infection and/or MV but not restored by VT. Moreover, Tie2 phosphorylation was not affected by VT. These findings indicate that VT may be a promising adjunctive treatment option for prevention of VILI in severe pneumococcal pneumonia.
The influence of the rotational speed of the meat cutter knives and bowl on the microstructure of meat products
Authors: Krzywdzińska-Bartkowiak Mirosława , Piątek Michał , Kowalski Ryszard
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the structure of meat batter and processed meat products, depending on the chopping time and rotational speed of the cutter knives and bowl, by means of histochemical methods combined with the computer image analysis system. Finely comminuted meat batters and processed meat products were investigated. Four variants of the rotational speed of cutter knives and bowl were applied in the experiment: 1500/10 rpm, 1500/20 rpm , 3000/10 rpm and 3000/20 rpm. The chopping process lasted 10 min. After 5, 6, 8 and 10 min of chopping samples of meat batter and processed meat products were collected for histological analyses. The microstructure of structural elements (fat globules and collagen fibres) was measured using computer image analysis. The following parameters were included in a characteristic of the images: the area, circumference, length and width of fat fields; the number of fat fields analysed; the percentage of fat fields in the field under analysis; the area, circumference, length and width of collagen fibres. The computer image analysis showed that the optimal speed of the cutter knives and bowl was 3000/20 rpm. The chopping time was reduced from 10 to 8 min.
Road damage detection algorithm for improved YOLOv5
Authors: Guo Gege , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: September 2022

Road damage detection is an important task to ensure road safety and realize the timely repair of road damage. The previous manual detection methods are low in efficiency and high in cost. To solve this problem, an improved YOLOv5 road damage detection algorithm, MN-YOLOv5, was proposed. We optimized the YOLOv5s model and chose a new backbone feature extraction network MobileNetV3 to replace the basic network of YOLOv5, which greatly reduced the number of parameters and GFLOPs of the model, and reduced the size of the model. At the same time, the coordinate attention lightweight attention module is introduced to help the network locate the target more accurately and improve the target detection accuracy. The KMeans clustering algorithm is used to filter the prior frame to make it more suitable for the dataset and to improve the detection accuracy. To improve the generalization ability of the model, a label smoothing algorithm is introduced. In addition, the structure reparameterization method is used to accelerate model reasoning. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv5 model proposed in this paper can effectively identify pavement cracks. Compared with the original model, the mAP increased by 2.5%, the F1 score increased by 2.6%, and the model volume was smaller than that of YOLOv5. 1.62 times, the parameter was reduced by 1.66 times, and the GFLOPs were reduced by 1.69 times. This method can provide a reference for the automatic detection method of pavement cracks.
Orphan drug development in alpha-1 antitypsin deficiency
Authors: Trudzinski Franziska C. , Presotto Maria Ada , Buck Emanuel , Herth Felix J. F. , Ries Markus
Published: September 2022

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD, OMIM #613490) is a rare metabolic disorder affecting lungs and liver. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the US orphan drug act on AATD by providing a quantitative clinical-regulatory insight into the status of FDA orphan drug approvals and designations for compounds intended to treat AATD. This is across-sectional analysis of the FDA database for orphan drug designations. Primary endpoint: orphan drug approvals. Secondary endpoint: orphan drug designations by the FDA. Close of database was 16 July 2021. STROBE criteria were respected. Primary outcome: one compound, alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (human) was approved as an orphan drug in 1987 with market exclusivity until 1994. Secondary outcome: sixteen compounds received FDA orphan drug designation including protein, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic, gene, or cell therapy. Drug development activities in AATD were comparable to other rare conditions and led to the FDA-approval of one compound, based on a relatively simple technological platform. The current unmet medical need to be addressed are extrapulmonary manifestations, in this case the AATD-associated liver disease. Orphan drug development is actually focusing on (1) diversified recombinant AAT production platforms, and (2) innovative gene therapies, which may encompass a more holistic therapeutic approach.
Deciphering the therapeutical potentials of rosmarinic acid
Authors: El Kantar Sally , Yassin Ali , Nehmeh Bilal , Labaki Louis , Mitri Sara , Naser Aldine Fatima , Hirko Aaron , Caballero Sergio , Monck Eileen , Garcia-Maruniak Alejandra , Akoury Elias
Published: September 2022

Lemon balm is herbal tea used for soothing stomach cramps, indigestion, and nausea. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is one of its chemical constituents known for its therapeutic potentials against cancer, inflammatory and neuronal diseases such as the treatment of neurofibromatosis or prevention from Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). Despite efforts, recovery and purification of RA in high yields has not been entirely successful. Here, we report its aqueous extraction with optimal conditions and decipher the structure by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Using various physical–chemical and biological assays, we highlight its anti-aggregation inhibition potentials against the formation of Tau filaments, one of the hallmarks of AD. We then examine its anti-cancer potentials through reduction of the mitochondrial reductase activity in tumor cells and investigate its electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry. Our data demonstrates that RA is a prominent biologically active natural product with therapeutic potentials for drug discovery in AD, cancer therapy and inflammatory diseases.
Unbiased approach to identify and assess efficacy of human SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Cao Xia , Maruyama Junki , Zhou Heyue , Fu Yanwen , Kerwin Lisa , Powers Colin , Sattler Rachel A. , Manning John T. , Singh Alok , Lim Reyna , Healy Laura D. , Johnson Sachi , Paz Cabral Elizabeth , Li Donghui , Lu Lucy , Ledesma Arthur , Lee Daniel , Richards Susan , Rivero-Nava Laura , Li Yan , Shen Weiqun , Stegman Karen , Blair Benjamin , Urata Shinji , Kishimoto-Urata Magumi , Ko Jamie , Du Na , Morais Kyndal , Lawrence Kate , Rivera Ianne , Pai Chin-I. , Bresson Damien , Brunswick Mark , Zhang Yanliang , Ji Henry , Paessler Slobodan , Allen Robert D.
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to significantly impact the global population, thus countermeasure platforms that enable rapid development of therapeutics against variants of SARS-CoV-2 are essential. We report use of a phage display human antibody library approach to rapidly identify neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate the binding and neutralization capability of two nAbs, STI-2020 and STI-5041, against the SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 strain as well as the Alpha and Beta variants. STI-2020 and STI-5041 were protective when administered intravenously or intranasally in the golden (Syrian) hamster model of COVID-19 challenged with the WA-1 strain or Beta variant. The ability to administer nAbs intravenously and intranasally may have important therapeutic implications and Phase 1 healthy subjects clinical trials are ongoing.
Transcriptomic analysis of Staphylococcus equorum KM1031 from the high-salt fermented seafood jeotgal under chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin stresses
Authors: Heo Sojeong , Kim Tao , Na Hong-Eun , Lee Gawon , Lee Jong-Hoon , Jeong Do-Won
Published: September 2022

Staphylococcus equorum strain KM1031 is resistant to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin. To shed light on the genetic factors underlying these antibiotic resistances, we determined the global gene expression profile of S. equorum KM1031 using RNA sequencing. During chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin treatment, 8.3% (183/2,336), 16.0% (354/2,336), and 2.9% (63/2,336) of S. equorum KM1031 genes exhibited significant differences in expression, respectively. These three antibiotics upregulated genes related to efflux and downregulated genes related to transporters. Antibiotic treatment also upregulated osmoprotectant-related genes involved in salt tolerance. To identify specific genes functionally related to antibiotic resistance, we compared the genome of strain KM1031 with those of three S. equorum strains that are sensitive to these three antibiotics. We identified three genes of particular interest: an antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase gene (abm, AWC34_RS01805) related to chloramphenicol resistance, an antibiotic ABC transporter ATP-binding protein gene (msr, AWC34_RS11115) related to erythromycin resistance, and a lincosamide nucleotydyltransferase gene (lnuA, AWC34_RS13300) related to lincomycin resistance. These genes were upregulated in response to the corresponding antibiotic; in particular, msr was upregulated more than fourfold by erythromycin treatment. Finally, the results of RNA sequencing were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. This transcriptomic analysis provides genetic evidence regarding antibiotic stress responses of S. equorum strain KM1031.
Self-assembly of an MRI responsive agent under physiological conditions provides an extended time window for in vivo imaging
Authors: Tirukoti Nishanth D. , Avram Liat , Mashiach Reut , Allouche-Arnon Hyla , Bar-Shir Amnon
Published: September 2022

An MRI-responsive agent that spontaneously self-assembles to a large supramolecular structure under physiological conditions was designed.
Crystal habit analysis of LiFePO4 microparticles by AFM and first-principles calculations
Authors: Gradwohl Kevin-P. , Benedek Peter , Popov Maxim , Matković Aleksandar , Spitaler Jürgen , Yarema Maksym , Wood Vanessa , Teichert Christian
Published: September 2022

The influence of surfactant type and concentration on the crystal habit of LiFePO4 particles during hydrothermal synthesis.
Biexciton dynamics in halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Yumoto Go , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko
Published: September 2022

Biexcitons dominate the optical responses of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals and provide a unique way to control and improve the optical gain.
A promising type-II β-AsP/g-C6N6 van der Waals heterostructure photocatalyst for water splitting: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhao Huiyan , Jia Baonan , Guan Xiaoning , Chen Yingjie , Zhu Xiaoling , Han Lihong , Lu Pengfei
Published: September 2022

This work predicts the type-II AsP/g-C6N6 van der Waals heterostructure as a promising photocatalyst for water splitting, which has better photocatalyst performances compared with the g-C6N6 monolayer.
Ni-catalyzed C–S bond construction and cleavage
Authors: Huang Su , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: September 2022

This review focuses on nickel-catalyzed construction and transformation of various sulfide-containing compounds, such as sulfides, disulfides, and hypervalent sulfur-containing compounds.
Aquaphotomics investigation of the state of water in oral liquid formulation of traditional Chinese medicine and its dynamics during temperature perturbation
Authors: Wei Xiaoying , Zang Hengchang , Guan Yongxia , Yang Cui , Muncan Jelena , Li Lian
Published: September 2022

Three types of bound water with different hydrogen bonding strengths were identified and elucidated by aquaphotomics.
Hierarchical Co/CoO/FeO/C nanocomplex derived from Co(OH)2@NH2-MIL-88 to aid highly efficient microwave absorption
Authors: Miao Peng , Chen Weixing , Li Kailei , Zhao Weifeng , Kong Jie
Published: September 2022

Facile preparation of a flake-like Co/CoO/FeO/C nanocomplex employing Co(OH)2 on NH2-MIL-88B through one-step pyrolysis. The nanocomplex can efficiently scatter microwaves.
Correction: Thermally stable mesoporous tetragonal zirconia through surfactant-controlled synthesis and Si-stabilization
Authors: Abel Ken L. , Weber Sebastian , Poppitz David , Titus Juliane , Sheppard Thomas L. , Gläser Roger
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Thermally stable mesoporous tetragonal zirconia through surfactant-controlled synthesis and Si-stabilization’ by Ken L. Abel et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 16875–16885, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra01459a.
Les équipes mobiles en psychiatrie : un besoin de définition
Authors: Garcin Vincent
Published: September 2022

Les équipes mobiles, nées en France de manière spontanée il y a une vingtaine d’années, s’inscrivent dans une histoire sectorielle elle-même issue d’un déplacement de l’hôpital vers les dispositifs ambulatoires. Cette offre notamment dans les centres de consultations (CMP) aura connu une forme de succès au vu de l’importance de l’activité réalisée et actuellement une limite en termes de capacité, nécessitant une modalité de réponses aux situations des personnes qui, malgré leur besoin, ne s’adressent pas à ces centres. Les équipes mobiles par leur disponibilité pour aller au-devant de ces situations avant qu’elles ne se dégradent et par leurs réponses, limitent les recours aux services des Urgences et à l’hospitalisation. Les équipes mobiles peuvent, par leur réactivité et leur créativité, soutenir les suivis ambulatoires complexes. Elles représentent l’outil qui manquait au dispositif sectoriel pour aller au bout de son objectif de déploiement du travail ambulatoire. La satisfaction à constater leur développement sur l’ensemble du territoire, fruit d’un véritable travail militant, sera entière si le concept n’est pas dévoyé comme peut le laisser craindre l’apparition d’équipes mobiles qui n’en portent que le nom ou d’autres si insuffisamment dotées qu’elles ne pourront atteindre leurs objectifs. Pour que les équipes mobiles soient reconnues au titre des équipements du Secteur, il convient d’en définir le cahier des charges afin d’en garantir le concept.
Umsetzung von Tabakkontrollmaßnahmen in Einrichtungen der
Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie: Eine Online-Befragung von leitenden
Mitarbeitenden
Authors: Kuitunen-Paul Sören , Teichmann Marko , Mühlig Stephan , Lochbühler Kirsten , Roessner Veit , Rustler Christa , Rüther Tobias , Smolka Michael N. , Rabenstein Andrea
Published: September 2022

Ziel der Studie Tabakkontrollmaßnahmen sind auch in kinder- und
jugendpsychiatrischen (KJP) Einrichtungen relevant. Ihre Umsetzung in deutschen
KJP-Einrichtungen soll erfragt werden.

Methodik In einer Online-Studie beantworteten n=78
Klinikdirektorinnen/Klinikdirektoren und leitende Mitarbeitende Fragen
zum stationsübergreifenden sowie stationsspezifischen Umgang mit
rauchenden Patientinnen und Patienten.

Ergebnisse Zahlreiche Einrichtungen (70–87%) haben
Rauchverbote für Jugendliche in Gebäuden und Gelände. Je
nach Stationstyp werden aber Ausnahmen gemacht, z. B. in Raucherzonen
(38%), Raucherpavillons (19%) oder für Kinder und
Jugendliche mit bestimmten Störungsbildern (28%).
Regelverstöße werden je nach Stationstyp unterschiedlich
häufig dokumentiert (30–79%), führen aber
regelmäßig zu Konsequenzen (84–93%) wie
Tabakeinbehalt (42–63%) oder Ausgangsbeschränkungen
(25–38%). Unterstützende
Tabakentwöhnungsangebote bestehen in 78% der Kliniken, vor allem
in Form von Einzelberatung (64%). Eine pharmakologische Behandlung wird
vor allem stationär genutzt (71–83%). Jede zweite
Einrichtung berichtet von Ergebniskontrollen nach Tabakentwöhnung
(54%), während von Arbeitskreisen (14%) und der
Anwendung standardisierter Diagnoseinstrumente (0–4%) seltener
berichtet wird.

Diskussion Damit liegen erstmals deutschlandweite Daten zur Tabakkontrolle
in KJP-Einrichtungen vor, aus denen sich zukünftige Handlungsfelder
für die Tabakkontrolle ableiten lassen.
Tripartite Motif Containing 26 is a Positive Predictor for
Endometrial Carcinoma Patients and Regulates Cell Survival in Endometrial
Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Tanmin , Wu Yu
Published: September 2022

Functioning as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif containing 26 (TRIM26)
can regulate the tumor behavior and the relevant inflammatory immune response.
Endometrial carcinoma is a major gynecological malignant tumor in the world,
while no relevant research has been performed. KMplot, a web-based survival
analysis tool, demonstrated that TRIM26 expression was positively correlated
with the overall survival in gynecological tumors, such as ovarian, cervical,
and endometrial cancer. The relatively low expression of TRIM26 was also found
in endometrial cancer tissues and endometrial cancer cell lines. In the online
Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) platform, TRIM26 was
positively correlated with the pre-apoptosis genes of p53, BIM, BID, BAX, and
BAK, and negatively correlated with the anti-apoptosis gene of BCLW. To further
explore the function of TRIM26 in endometrial carcinoma, Ishikawa and KLE cells
were infected with PLVX-TRIM26-derived lentivirus. TRIM26 overexpression
suppressed the growth of endometrial cells, with downregulated p-AKT and
upregulated BIM and BID expression. PLVX-TRIM26 overexpressed Ishikawa cells
were injected subcutaneously into the side flanks of male BALB/C nude
mice to construct a TRIM26-overexpression xenograft model. TRIM26 overexpression
suppressed the growth of endometrial cancer as indicated by downregulated tumor
volume and tumor weight with downregulated p-AKT expression. TRIM26 could
regulate AKT pathway and apoptosis process to inhibit the growth of endometrial
carcinoma, which can be utilized as a survival predictor.
Visible-Light-Induced Aerobic Oxidation of Tertiary Silanes to Silanols using Molecular Oxygen as an Oxidant
Authors: He Pei , Zhang Fengmei , Tang Shiyun , Gui Qing-Wen , Si Xiaoxi , Jiang Wei , Shen Qinpeng , Li Zhenjie , Zhu Zhiyang
Published: September 2022

The photocatalyzed synthesis of silanols from tertiary si­lanes has been carried out using eosin Y under air. This is a metal-free method that uses a low catalyst loading, atmospheric oxygen as the oxidant, and visible-light conditions (blue light).
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis after the Initiation of Treatment in a Patient with New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alhaj Omar , Afandi Bachar
Published: September 2022

We report the onset of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) in a 20-year-old male patient with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 5 days after the initiation of diet restriction and the combination of SGLT2 (sodium–glucose co-transporter 2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and metformin. The use of SGLT2 inhibitors in symptomatic patients with new-onset T2DM along with the extreme reduction in carbohydrate intake might trigger the onset of EDKA. Judicious, stepwise use of available diabetes therapies and strict monitoring can reduce the risk of this complication.
Phosphofurin Acidic Cluster Sorting Protein 1 Syndrome: Insights Gained on the Multisystem Involvement Reviewing Encoded Protein Interactions?
Authors: Thakur Seema , Paliwal Preeti , Farmania Rajni , Khandelwal Vipin , Garg Vivek
Published: September 2022

Mutations in PACS1 cause moderate-to-severe intellectual disability. Very few cases of PACS1 neurodevelopment disorder have been described in the literature that were identified using whole exome sequencing (WES). We report a case of de novo PACS1 mutation identified through WES after an initial workup for mucopolysaccharidosis. Through this case, we wish to emphasize that most important clinical clue in the facial gestalt is a downturned angle of mouth, thin lips, and wide mouth, giving characteristic wavy appearance of face that can distinguish these cases and can prevent unnecessary workup for the patients.
Quantifying the Electronic Health Record Burden in Head and Neck Cancer Care
Authors: Ebbers Tom , Kool Rudolf B. , Smeele Ludi E. , Takes Robert P. , van den Broek Guido B. , Dirven Richard
Published: September 2022

Background Although the main task of health care providers is to provide patient care, studies show that increasing amounts of time are spent on documentation.

Objective To quantify the time and effort spent on the electronic health record (EHR) in head and neck cancer care.

Methods Cross-sectional time–motion study. Primary outcomes were the percentages of time spent on the EHR and the three main tasks (chart review, input, placing orders), number of mouse events, and keystrokes per consultation. Secondary outcome measures were perceptions of health care providers regarding EHR documentation and satisfaction.

Results In total, 44.0% of initial oncological consultation (IOC) duration and 30.7% of follow-up consultation (FUC) duration are spent on EHR tasks. During 80.0% of an IOC and 67.9% of a FUC, the patient and provider were actively communicating. Providers required 593 mouse events and 1,664 keystrokes per IOC and 140 mouse events and 597 keystrokes per FUC, indicating almost 13 mouse clicks and close to 40 keystrokes for every minute of consultation time. Less than a quarter of providers indicated that there is enough time for documentation.

Conclusion This study quantifies the widespread concern of high documentation burden for health care providers in oncology, which has been related to burnout and a decrease of patient–clinician interaction. Despite excessive time and effort spent on the EHR, health care providers still felt this was insufficient for proper documentation. However, the need for accurate and complete documentation is high, as reuse of information becomes increasingly important. The challenge is to decrease the documentation burden while increasing the quality of EHR data.
Identification of tourists’ dynamic risk perception—the situation in Tibet
Authors: Feng Yuyao , Li Guowen , Sun Xiaolei , Li Jianping
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes an identification framework for dynamic risk perception with “Questions & Answers (Q&As) + travel notes”, which newly attends to the dynamic nature of risk perception and overcomes the liabilities of traditional data collection methods, such as questionnaires and interviews, which induce high costs in data acquisition, tend to produce small sample sizes and suffer from large sample deviations. Via 2627 Q&As released by tourists before travel and 17,523 travel notes released by tourists after travel, the dynamic change in 20 identified risks before and after travel to Tibet is portrayed with the help of text mining technologies, which can automatically identify risk perception types and sentiment tendencies from massive amounts of textual data. The study finds that before travel, tourists usually underestimate risks related to safety, health and time but overestimate risks related to transportation, route selection and season. The results of the study are not only informative for destination tourism risk management and image promotion but also important for tourists to form more reasonable risk assessments.
Polytropic processes expand thermodynamics lessons
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: September 2022

Resource for physics teachers brings lesser-known category of ideal gas processes to classrooms
Experimental apparatus for resistivity measurement of gas hydrate-bearing sediment combined with x-ray computed tomography
Authors: Chen Qiang , Liu Changling , Wu Nengyou , Li Chengfeng , Chen Guoqi , Sun Jianye , Meng Qingguo , Bu Qingtao , Li Yanlong
Published: September 2022

Natural gas hydrate has sparked worldwide interest due to its enormous energy potential. Geophysical surveys are commonly used in gas hydrate exploration, and resistivity logging plays an important role in this field. Nevertheless, the electrical response mechanism as a result of the gas hydrate growth in sediment is not well understood. This study develops an apparatus for the in situ resistivity testing of gas hydrate-bearing sediment combined with x-ray computed tomography scanning. Using this equipment, the gas hydrate samples can be synthesized under high-pressure and low-temperature conditions. The sample resistivities of three different layers can also be measured in situ during the gas hydrate formation. Moreover, x-ray computed tomography scanned gray images are acquired, which can be used to calculate the saturation and analyze the microscopic distribution of gas hydrate. A series of experiments are performed to validate the feasibility of the apparatus. The results show that the sample resistivity shows three distinct stages of variation as the gas hydrate grows. The most sensitive saturation range to the electrical response is ∼10.50%–22.34%. Very few gas hydrate particles will not significantly change the pore connectivity. By contrast, too many gas hydrate particles will hinder the pore network blocking. Both situations will not result in a significant change in resistivity.
A frequency comb stabilized Ti:Sa laser as a self-reference for ion-trap experiments with a 40Ca+ ion
Authors: Domínguez F. , Bañuelos J. , Berrocal J. , del Pozo J. J. , Hernández M. , Carrasco-Sanz A. , Cerrillo J. , Escobedo-Araque P. , Rodríguez D.
Published: September 2022

In this study, we report on the stabilization of a continuous-wave Ti:Sa laser to an optical frequency comb. The laser is emitting at 866 nm to address one of the transitions required for Doppler cooling of a single 40Ca+ ion in a linear Paul trap (2D3/2↔P1/22). The stabilized Ti:Sa laser is utilized to calibrate an ultra-accurate wavelength meter. We certify this self-reference laser source by comparing the results from monitoring the laser-cooled 40Ca+ ion in the linear Paul trap, with those obtained when a HeNe laser is used for calibration. The use of this self-reference is compatible with the simultaneous use of the comb for precision spectroscopy in the same ion-trap experiment.
Development of a scanning tunneling microscope for variable temperature electron spin resonance
Authors: Hwang Jiyoon , Krylov Denis , Elbertse Robbie , Yoon Sangwon , Ahn Taehong , Oh Jeongmin , Fang Lei , Jang Won-jun , Cho Franklin H. , Heinrich Andreas J. , Bae Yujeong
Published: September 2022

Recent advances in improving the spectroscopic energy resolution in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been achieved by integrating electron spin resonance (ESR) with STM. Here, we demonstrate the design and performance of a homebuilt STM capable of ESR at temperatures ranging from 1 to 10 K. The STM is incorporated with a homebuilt Joule–Thomson refrigerator and a two-axis vector magnet. Our STM design allows for the deposition of atoms and molecules directly into the cold STM, eliminating the need to extract the sample for deposition. In addition, we adopt two methods to apply radio-frequency (RF) voltages to the tunnel junction: the early design of wiring to the STM tip directly and a more recent idea to use an RF antenna. Direct comparisons of ESR results measured using the two methods and simulations of electric field distribution around the tunnel junction show that, despite their different designs and capacitive coupling to the tunnel junction, there is no discernible difference in the driving and detection of ESR. Furthermore, at a magnetic field of ∼1.6 T, we observe ESR signals (near 40 GHz) sustained up to 10 K, which is the highest temperature for ESR-STM measurement reported to date, to the best of our knowledge. Although the ESR intensity exponentially decreases with increasing temperature, our ESR-STM system with low noise at the tunnel junction allows us to measure weak ESR signals with intensities of a few fA. Our new design of an ESR-STM system, which is operational in a large frequency and temperature range, can broaden the use of ESR spectroscopy in STM and enable the simple modification of existing STM systems, which will hopefully accelerate a generalized use of ESR-STM.
Viscoelastic properties of pNIPAM-hydrogels: A mode-coupling theory study
Authors: Diaz Maier Joel , Wagner Joachim
Published: September 2022

We investigate the viscoelastic properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogels cross-linked with glutaraldehyde by means of small amplitude oscillatory and steady shear experiments in dependence on the frequency and shear rate. These properties are strongly influenced by the ratio of monomer and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. Due to the thermosensitivity of pNIPAM, the rheological properties of these hydrogels can be tuned by the temperature as an external stimulus. The experimentally obtained viscosities and linear viscoelastic moduli are analyzed by a schematic mode-coupling ansatz employing a rescaled F12-model.
A tunable fiber Fabry–Perot cavity for hybrid optomechanics stabilized at 4 K
Authors: Ruelle Thibaud , Jaeger David , Fogliano Francesco , Braakman Floris , Poggio Martino
Published: September 2022

We describe an apparatus for the implementation of hybrid optomechanical systems at 4 K. The platform is based on a high-finesse, micrometer-scale fiber Fabry–Perot cavity, which can be widely tuned using piezoelectric positioners. A mechanical resonator can be positioned within the cavity in the object-in-the-middle configuration by a second set of positioners. A high level of stability is achieved without sacrificing either performance or tunability, through the combination of a stiff mechanical design, passive vibration isolation, and an active Pound–Drever–Hall feedback lock incorporating a reconfigurable digital filter. The stability of the cavity length is demonstrated to be better than a few picometers over many hours both at room temperature and at 4 K.
Observation of heat transport mediated by the propagation distance of surface phonon-polaritons over hundreds of micrometers
Authors: Wu Y. , Ordonez-Miranda J. , Jalabert L. , Tachikawa S. , Anufriev R. , Fujita H. , Volz S. , Nomura M.
Published: September 2022

Efficient heat dissipation in micro/nano electronics requires long-distance propagation of heat carriers operated above room temperature. However, thermal phonons—the primary heat carriers in dielectric nanomaterials—dissipate the thermal energy after just a few hundred nanometers. Theory predicts that the mean free path of surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs) can be hundreds of micrometers, which may improve the overall dissipation of heat in nanomaterials. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate such long-distance heat transport by SPhPs. Using the 3ω technique, we measure the in-plane thermal conductivity of SiN nanomembranes for different heater-sensor distances, membrane thicknesses, and temperatures. We find that thin nanomembranes support heat transport by SPhPs, as evidenced by an increase in the thermal conductivity with temperature. Remarkably, the thermal conductivity measured 200 μm away from the heater is consistently higher than that measured 100 μm closer. This result suggests that heat conduction by SPhPs is quasi-ballistically over at least hundreds of micrometers. Our findings pave the way for coherent heat manipulations above room temperature over macroscopic distances, which impacts the applications in thermal management and polaritonics.