bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on gaming disorder: Monitoring and prevention
Authors: Ko Chih-Hung , Yen Ju-Yu
Published: July 2020

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has necessitated physical distancing, lockdown, contact tracing, and self-quarantine so as to prevent the spread of the disease. Amid the outbreak, gaming data usage has reportedly increased in the United States, and game download volume has reached a record high in Europe. Because gaming can be used to cope with the psychological stress from the outbreak, therefore mental health professionals should be aware of how increased gaming during the pandemic may contribute to risk of gaming disorder, especially if the pandemic persists. Mental health professionals should thus formulate safe social interaction alternatives for people, particularly adolescents, who have gaming disorder risk.
Positive play and its relationship with gambling harms and benefits
Authors: Delfabbro Paul , King Daniel L. , Georgiou Neophytos
Published: July 2020

Background

Engagement in responsible or ‘positive play’ strategies is known to be negatively associated with problem gambling, as indexed by measures such as the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Less is known about whether positive play is associated with reduced harm or a greater ability to enjoy the recreational benefits of gambling.

Aims

This study investigated the relationship between positive play and gambling harm after controlling for PGSI scores and whether positive play moderated the relationship between PGSI scores and harm. It also examined whether positive play was related to perceived benefits associated with gambling.

Methods

The study utilised an online panel sample of 554 respondents who completed a survey that included the PGSI, measures of gambling harm drawn from Browne et al. (2016), and the newly developed Positive Play Scale (Wood et al., 2019). The study involved predominantly monthly gamblers with higher levels of gambling risk: 23% problem gamblers; 36% moderate risk; and 21% low risk gamblers.

Results

The results indicated that positive play was negatively associated with reduced gambling harm. The behavioural Positive Play subscales relating to pre-commitment and honesty and control explained additional variation in harm after controlling for PGSI scores. Higher levels of positive play also moderated and reduced the relationship between the PGSI and gambling harm. Perceived benefits were, unexpectedly, found to be higher in problem gamblers and negatively related to positive play.

Conclusion

Behavioural measures of positive play appear to be useful moderating factors in understanding the relationship between problem gambling and harm. Higher-risk gamblers appear to experience both greater costs as well as benefits from gambling, which likely reflects a stronger personal need to engage in the activity.
COVID-19, as fake news e o sono da razão comunicativa gerando monstros: a narrativa dos riscos e os riscos das narrativas
Authors: Vasconcellos-Silva Paulo R. , Castiel Luis David
Published: July 2020

Resumo: Desde o início do surto da COVID-19, percebe-se uma crescente tensão provocada pela dimensão pandêmica de uma doença que trouxe severos impactos epidemiológicos e desdobramentos socioculturais e políticos. Em condições ideais de comunicação pública as autoridades deveriam alinhar-se a um regime de total transparência com informações abundantes e de compreensão facilitada para gerar credibilidade, confiança e parceria com as mídias. Nos hiatos de versões aceitáveis e em meio a indeterminações, os indivíduos tornam-se experts de si mesmos, consumindo fake news e reproduzindo narrativas de risco falaciosas com consequências desastrosas. Discutem-se diversos aspectos ligados às fake news e ao uso da razão comunicativa por autoridades públicas, citando o caso do Irã e estabelecendo paralelos com o fenômeno da antivacinação e suas consequências. Descreve-se o desafio do direcionamento coordenado da sociedade por meio de informações, competindo com pastiches pseudo-científicos que proliferam em ritmo frenético na vacuidade de dados oficiais. Levanta-se, assim, a seguinte questão: quais modelos comunicativos deveriam pautar a narrativa oficial para gerar condições de colaboração e parceria com as mídias? Que impactos tais modelos teriam na proliferação das narrativas enganosas às quais recorrem os cidadãos em crise de orientações pertinentes? Conclui-se que é também papel do governo lançar mão de sua ampla visibilidade para gerar referências de segurança sob o primado da razão comunicativa sensível às genuínas interrogações da sociedade. Em síntese, produzir em escala monumental referenciais responsáveis, norteados por elementos de ética da responsabilidade alinhados ao bem comum.
Quaternary prevention: a concept relevant to public health? A bibliometric and descriptive content analysis
Authors: Depallens Miguel Andino , Guimarães Jane Mary de Medeiros , Almeida Filho Naomar
Published: July 2020

According to the World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA), quaternary prevention (P4) is a recent concept that aims to prevent medical overuse. Thus, this study aimed to measure and map research output on P4 as outline research trends, evaluating its current international status through a bibliometric and descriptive content analysis. We reviewed scientific articles on P4 recorded in PubMed, LILACS, SciELO or CINAHL with the outcomes: publication year, first authors’ name and nationality, journals’ name, country and ranking, publication language, used methods and main reported subjects. The analysis included 65 articles published in 33 journals of 16 countries between 2003 and 2018 with a peak of publications in 2015. The first authors came from 17 different countries, 23% Brazilian, with Uruguay as the leading nation in scientific production per capita. Q1 or Q2 journals amassed 28% of published papers. Bibliographic research comprised 88% of articles and 38% of all focused on specific examples of medical overuse. P4 represents an ethical and valid approach to prevent iatrogenic events and achieve equal and fair access to health services. Conceptual, geographical, and linguistic elements, as well as WONCA conferences and type of healthcare systems in the authors’ country were fundamental factors that affected research output. The available studies are still of limited quality and quantity, with further investigations needed to assess the effective impact of P4 on public health.
Small business networks in the field of organic farming: strategies and management tools
Authors: Cardoso Jaqueline de Fátima , Casarotto Filho Nelson , Marcon Christian
Published: July 2020

Abstract: Business cooperation networks are based on specific parameters: common goal, competitive earnings, interaction among partners and management. Networks of farmers focused on organic production are growing due to the increasing demand. The objective of this research is to propose a framework of organizational strategies and management and governance tools for networks of small businesses operating in the field of organic farming. The methodology adopts a qualitative approach and it is comprised by a conceptual and theoretical review as well as two case studies. The proposed framework shows organizational strategies and management tools- that are crucial for the networks to thrive. Management instruments include, strategic, integration, contractual and decision-making instruments. Global strategies correspond to strategies regarding competitiveness, strategies regarding the product/market and strategies regarding the use of means. The value chain activities comprise the functional strategies. Results revealed significant particularities and common aspects of the organizational strategies and management tools.
Application of the OEE tool as a proposed increase in productivity in grain drying systems
Authors: Silva Darlan Marques da , Oliveira Higor Marques de
Published: July 2020

Abstract: Companies nowadays seek to gain advantages over their competitors by using tools that converge them to more efficient and effective processes. With this competitive scenario, the use of the Global Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) indicator has grown. In this sense, the present study aims to propose improvements in the productivity and management of the maintenance of grain drying operations, through the analysis and OEE calculations of the process. Developed in a grain processing and storage unit, the Availability, Performance and Quality indices were calculated using historical data recorded in Excel spreadsheets and analyzed in graphs. The evaluations carried indicated satisfactory performance regarding maintenance scheduling due to the high availability rates of the equipment. As for the results obtained for performance, it was possible to observe the variables influencing the productivity and to point out improvements to the process. The observations made in the scope of quality surrounded the effects that the high moisture contents of the grains cause to the drying process. In view of this, it was possible to conclude that the losses between the indexes that compose the OEE have a high correlation.
Determinantes sociodemográficos do padrão de consumo de alimentos: Estudo Pró-Saúde
Authors: Romeiro Ariane Cristina Thoaldo , Curioni Cintia Chaves , Bezerra Flávia Fiorucci , Faerstein Eduardo
Published: July 2020

RESUMO: Objetivos: Identificar padrões alimentares e investigar sua associação com aspectos sociodemográficos. Métodos: Análise de dados seccionais de uma subamostra da fase 4 do Estudo Pró-Saúde (EPS) (2012-2013), com 520 participantes. Obtiveram-se padrões alimentares por análise de componentes principais com base em um questionário de frequência alimentar. A associação entre os padrões alimentares e os aspectos sociodemográficos foi analisada por meio de regressão logística ajustada. Resultados: Identificaram-se quatro padrões alimentares: produtos processados e ultraprocessados; alimentos frescos; carnes e bebidas alcoólicas; e alimentos brasileiros tradicionais. Houve maior chance de adesão ao padrão “produtos processados e ultraprocessados” entre adultos com ≥ 55 anos e menor chance entre homens. A chance de adesão ao padrão “alimentos frescos” esteve diretamente associada aos homens e aos indivíduos com médio grau de escolaridade e inversamente associada aos adultos com ≥ 60 anos. Observou-se menor chance de realizar o padrão “carnes e bebidas alcoólicas” entre homens. Já em relação ao padrão “alimentos brasileiros tradicionais”, houve chance de adesão aumentada entre brancos e reduzida entre homens, indivíduos com ≥ 60 anos e com baixa escolaridade. Conclusão: Fatores sociodemográficos foram importantes determinantes dos padrões alimentares encontrados, especialmente sexo, escolaridade e idade. A presença de padrão alimentar composto de produtos processados e ultraprocessados indica a necessidade de estratégias de conscientização e limitação na oferta desses produtos entre os participantes do EPS, visto seu prejuízo à saúde.
Body Mass Index, Age, Sexual Maturation and Incidence of Hyperlordosis in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Montenegro Cristianne Morgado , Tozo Tatiana Affornali , Pereira Beatriz Oliveira , Santos João Otacílio Libardoni dos
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: Hyperlordosis can cause several degenerative spinal pathologies in children and adolescents. Objective: Determine whether body mass index, age and sexual maturation predict the occurrence of hyperlordosis in children and adolescents. Method: The study analyzed 380 students aged between 10 and 18 years. Body mass index was evaluated using the reference values suggested by the Fitnessgram test battery, and sexual maturation through Tanner’s scale of self-assessed pubic hair growth. Postural assessment was conducted using the DIPA photogrammetry method, version 3.1. (Digital Image Based Postural Assessment) The SPSS 24.0 program was used to analyze the data, and the following statistical tests were applied: chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, Fisher’s exact and binary logistic regression. Results: There was statistical significance between hyperlordosis, girls’ age and puberty in boys (p <0.05). The adjusted binary logistic regression for the girls (OR = 0.656) indicated that this disorder declined by 34% with advancing age and for stage P2 of puberty in boys (OR = 4.292), and the likelihood of boys’ presenting with hyperlordosis at this stage is approximately 4-fold higher. There was no statistical significance between body mass index and hyperlordosis (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The girls’ age and boys’ stage of puberty were associated with the occurrence of hyperlordosis.
The ICF in the pedagogical projects of Physiotherapy courses in Midwest Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Juliana Aparecida Elias , Gomes Marília Miranda Forte , Sousa Bruna da Silva , Romão Juliana de Faria Fracon e , Pinho Diana Lúcia Moura , Marães Vera Regina Fernandes da Silva
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: The course pedagogical projects (CPPs) of physical therapy programs in Brazil are based on National Curriculum Guidelines for Physiotherapy (NCGP) and the principles of the National Health System (SUS). The CPPs that guide professional training tend to use a biopsychosocial approach and propose familiarizing undergraduate students with the International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health (ICF); as such, they should include the use of this instrument. Objective: Assess CPPs by exploratory document analysis and determine whether they propose teaching and using the ICF in student training. Method: Qualitative-quantitative study with document analysis of CPPs for physical therapy courses in Midwest Brazil, from which information related to the ICF was extracted. Results: The biopsychosocial model and NGCP were identified in the 10 CPPs analyzed and the ICF was found in the curriculum outline of 6 of these, indicating the incorporation of this framework in student training. However, the ICF was only identified in the course objectives and literature references of 4 and 2 CPPs, respectively, suggesting possible shortcomings in its application in these documents. Conclusion: The inclusion of the ICF in some CPPs indicates a positive change and favors understanding of functioning, but does not preclude the need for a broader approach to teaching this classification framework in the remaining CPPs in order to provide student training within a biopsychosocial context.
Effects of obesity on postural balance and occurrence of falls in asymptomatic adults
Authors: Ostolin Thatiane Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale , Gonze Bárbara de Barros , Jesus Matheus Oliveira de , Arantes Rodolfo Leite , Sperandio Evandro Fornias , Dourado Victor Zuniga
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: Previous studies suggested that body weight is a strong predictor for postural balance. High body mass index (BMI) presented an association with increased postural sway. However, it seems controversial since studies reported no difference between obese and control group regarding the position of the center of pressure in static postural balance (PB). Also, there is a lack of investigations about the impact of obesity on PB, free of the confound effect of cardiometabolic risk. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of obesity in static PB and occurrence of falls in asymptomatic adults and older adults over 40 years old. Method: The PB of 624 subjects divided into quartiles for BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height and fat body mass as percentage (%FBM) was assessed with and without vision using a force platform. An MANOVA was used to determine if there were differences between quartiles and a logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders variables were applied to determine the obesity role in the occurrence of falls. Results: We found weak to moderate bivariate correlations between obesity and static PB, which became non-significant after adjustment. We found significant differences between first and fourth quartiles, especially using %FBM. Obesity was not related to the occurrence of falls since the odds ratio values became non-significant for all the indices of obesity after adjustment. Conclusion: Obesity presents little influence on maintaining static PB and seems not to determine the occurrence of falls among subjects over 40 years old.
Contextos de experiência de estar (des)confortável de pacientes com doença renal crônica
Authors: Freire Sinara de Menezes Lisboa , Melo Geórgia Alcântara Alencar , Lima Magda Milleyde de Sousa , Silva Renan Alves , Caetano Joselany Áfio , Santiago Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos
Published: July 2020

Resumo Objetivo estabelecer os contextos da experiência de estar (des)confortável, conforme percepções de pacientes com doença renal crônica, durante tratamento hemodialítico. Método estudo qualitativo, realizado em clínica de hemodiálise, entre maio e junho de 2018, com 30 pacientes com doença renal crônica, em tratamento hemodialítico, capazes de comunicar-se verbalmente. Utilizou-se da entrevista semiestruturada, com perguntas norteadoras que buscaram elucidar os contextos de experiência de sentir-se e estar confortável, baseadas no referencial teórico de Kolcaba. Dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados emergiram quatro categorias analíticas, no tocante aos contextos de (des)conforto: físicos (imobilidade, hipotensão, dor, fome, cãibra, cansaço, poliúria, prurido, edema, sede); ambientais (luz, barulho, cadeira, frio); psicoespirituais (desespero, sensibilidade, isolamento social); e sociais (mudança de rotina). Considerações finais o significado do conforto para pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico se configurou como necessidade humana básica, pois os pacientes apresentaram desconfortos diários relacionados aos contextos físicos, ambientais, psicoespirituais e sociais. Implicações para a prática os resultados do estudo possibilitam que profissionais de saúde realizem assistência ao paciente renal crônico de forma holística, pautada na promoção do conforto.
O meio militar como arena política: conflitos e disputas por direitos no Regimento de Homens Pardos do Rio de Janeiro, 1805
Authors: Souza Adriana Barreto de
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é examinar um episódio pontual - um ato de insubordinação de dois capitães do Regimento de Homens Pardos do Rio de Janeiro - como expressão de uma grande tensão, cotidiana, de disputas e redefinições de hierarquias sociais na virada para o século XIX. Tensão esta produzida pelo crescimento da população negra da cidade, fosse ela de escravos ou de livres e libertos, o que impôs uma discussão sobre os possíveis mecanismos - políticos e institucionais - para inseri-la na sociedade.
Uma personagem por sua roupa: o gibão como representação do bandeirante paulista
Authors: Marins Paulo César Garcez
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O artigo focaliza o processo pelo qual a figuração do bandeirante paulista foi associada, durante o século XX, a um item específico de indumentária, o gibão de armas, espécie de colete caracterizado pela presença de costuras formando losangos. Essa vestimenta foi vinculada aos sertanistas pela primeira vez em uma pintura de Oscar Pereira da Silva, encomendada pelo Museu Paulista e baseada em uma gravura de Debret. A partir dessa obra o gibão passou a ser um dos identificadores dessa personagem histórica, juntamente com outros itens de sua indumentária, como chapéus e botas. Examina-se a propagação social dessa convenção visual, de modo a evidenciar os circuitos de sua difusão a partir do Museu, especialmente por meio dos brasões municipais realizados por Afonso Taunay e José Wasth Rodrigues, nos quais, por vezes, a figuração da personagem deixa mesmo de ser veiculada, sendo substituída metonimicamente por sua vestimenta característica.
Pode a história da África Antiga ser contada através de autores greco-romanos
Authors: Lemos Rennan
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O livro coletivo parte do pressuposto de que textos de autores greco-romanos podem ser utilizados como fonte para escrevermos a história da África na Antiguidade. A resenha busca problematizar esse pressuposto, com ênfase na diversidade de experiências humanas complexas, em sua maioria ágrafas, no continente africano na Antiguidade.
CIGS and perovskite solar cells – an overview
Authors: Lin Leqi , Ravindra Nuggehalli M
Published: July 2020

Thin-film solar cells based on copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and perovskites continue to enhance their market share as promising energy conversion devices for indoor and outdoor applications. CIGS has been known for its high absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap and flexibility. Nevertheless, the use of toxic, regulated elements (cadmium) and reliance on rare elements create a huge barrier in the efforts to enhance the commercial market of CIGS. Perovskite solar cells have attracted increasing scientific and technological interest because of their high efficiency. This is due to their ability to fulfil the multiple roles of light-absorption, charge separation and transport of holes and electrons in materials. Furthermore, they contain low amounts of rare earth materials. However, this technology is still limited by the stability, scale-up and composition of materials. CIGS–perovskite tandem solar cells continue to demonstrate very high efficiencies over 24%. In this study, an overview of the recent developments in material specifications, deposition techniques and device architecture of CIGS and perovskite solar cells is presented.
Role of unsaturated soil properties in the development of slope susceptibility map
Authors: Satyanaga Alfrendo , Rahardjo Harianto
Published: July 2020

A slope susceptibility map which incorporates unsaturated soil mechanics is essential to the accurate location of areas susceptible to rainfall-induced slope failures. The aim of this study was to develop slope susceptibility maps for zonations within Jurong Formation residual soils in Singapore with the incorporation of unsaturated soil parameters. Slope susceptibility maps were developed through one-dimensional seepage analyses using a transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability model (TRIGRS) and three-dimensional slope stability analyses using Scoops3D. Laboratory testing of soil properties and two-dimensional (2D) seepage and slope stability analyses were conducted to evaluate the results from the slope susceptibility map. Comparison between the slope susceptibility map and the results from 2D analyses showed that the factors of safety from the slope susceptibility map were consistently lower than those of 2D analyses. Therefore, the proposed method incorporating unsaturated soil in the development of a slope susceptibility map was concluded to be reasonable, on the conservative side.
Musiki Muallim Mektebi (1924-1937)
Authors: TANGÜLÜ Zafer , BECERİKLİ Sabri
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı 1924 yılında açılan ve müzik öğretmeni yetiştiren bir öğretmen okulu olan Musiki Muallim Mektebinin tarihsel sürecinden kısaca bahsetmek ve okulun idari yapısı, öğrenci sayısı ile eğitim-öğretim faaliyetleri hakkında bilgi vermektir. Öğretmen okulları Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete miras kalmıştır. Osmanlı’da ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim kademelerine öğretmen yetiştiren öğretmen okulları olsa da müzik branşında öğretmen yetiştiren bir okul yoktu. Cumhuriyet’in ilanından sonra ilk defa müzik öğretmeni yetiştirmek için Musiki Muallim Mektebi adında bir okul faaliyete geçirilmiştir. Bu okul 1934 yılında Milli Musiki ve Temsil Akademisinin bir şubesi ve 1937’de Gazi Terbiye Enstitüsünün bir bölümü olarak faaliyetlerini sürdürmüştür. Çalışma telif eserler, devlet istatistikleri ve yönetmeliklerin vermiş olduğu bilgiler çerçevesinde oluşturulmuş, yöntem olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılmıştır.
Direct wastewater RNA extraction via the "Milk of Silica (MoS)" method - A companion method to "Sewage, Salt, Silica and SARS-CoV-2 (4S)" v1
Authors: N Whitney Oscar , Al-Shayeb Basem , Crits-Cristoph Alex , Chaplin Mira , Fan Vinson , Greenwald Hannah , Hinkle Adrian , Kantor Rose , Kennedy Lauren , Maurer Anna , Tjian Robert , L. Nelson Kara , Berkeley Wastewater-based epidemiology consortium UC
Published: July 2020

The following protocol describes the "4S" (Sewage, Salt, Silica and SARS-CoV-2) workflow applied to using dry silica powder as an RNA-binding matrix instead of silica spin columns. This offers an even more economical alternative, requiring only centrifugation to extract RNA from wastewater. This procedure is intended to be carried out in a BSL2+ laboratory space, with precautions when handling raw wastewater samples.
Research on Culture Shock of International Chinese Students from Nanjing Forest Police College
Authors: Shen Li , Chen Jie
Published: July 2020

At present, many domestic police colleges are constantly promoting foreign exchanges and cooperation. They have established extensive inter-school cooperation with foreign police education and training institutions and police colleges. More and more Chinese students of police colleges go abroad to judicial institutions and police colleges of various countries for short-term study or visit. Due to cross-cultural differences and other factors, these international Chinese students often encounter culture shock at English-speaking countries. This article takes eleven students from Nanjing Forest Police College (NFPC) as the survey object, conducts dynamic research applying interviews and questionnaires, explores the culture shock they experienced in six-month life and learning in 2019 in Canada, analyzes the internal and external causes, and proposes the countermeasures to cross-cultural adaption for international Chinese students in police colleges.
Perceptions of EFL Learners in the Implementation of Blended Learning Post-natural Disaster at a University in Indonesia
Authors: Manurung Grace N. , Manurung Konder , Mertosono Sudarkam R. , Kamaruddin Abdul
Published: July 2020

This study aims to investigate the perceptions and obstacles faced by EFL learners in the implementation of blended learning in an abnormal learning system. A group of undergraduate EFL learners, consisting of 48, who has completed a Grammar Class, participated in the study. The 48 learners formed three different learner category levels; High, Moderate, and Low. The learners of the three different category levels filled in a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire and responded semi-structured interviews. The low category learners perceive that learning grammar through blended learning is meaningful but need more experiences in the utilization of online learning mode, and in-availability of the supporting tools; The moderate category learners perceive blended learning to provide them more study times and make them get used to the internet or online-based learning; and the high category learners perceive the implementation of blended learning as helpful, easier, flexible, and fun. Although the learners of the three different categories level face the same problems on the implementation of blended learning, namely poor internet connectivity at home and campus, unclear online instruction, and delay to respond questions on the online learning mode, the learners of the low category level, on the other hand, experience problems applying online learning mode. We discuss the practical implications of the research results for the successful implementation of blended learning in the future, especially for low proficiency learners and in situations of abnormal learning systems.
An Analysis of Verbal Humor in 2 Broke Girls from the Perspective of Conversational Implicature
Authors: Huang Xiaorui
Published: July 2020

Humor can be seen everywhere in social communication, and it often appears in conversation in the form of verbal humor. In western culture, humor, regarded as a sort of linguistic art, is a window to understand western culture. Thus, humor comprehension has important practical significance for English learners to better understand, master and use English. This study, based on theories of Conversational Implicature, attempts to analyze the production of verbal humor from the perspective of Cooperative Principle, and an abundance of humorous conversations from the sitcom, 2 Broke Girls, are collected as analytical material as well, aiming to cultivate English learners’ comprehensive ability of American humorous utterances and to improve their intercultural communication competence.
Possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging in SWI mode in differential diagnosis of brain gliomas (G3–G4) and primary lymphomas
Authors: Sashin D. V. , Dolgushin M. B. , Kobyakova E. A. , Bekyashev A. Kh. , Subbotin A. S. , Nechipay E. A. , Romanov D. S. , Kozlov N. A.
Published: July 2020

The study objectiveis to assess the possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in SWI (susceptibility weighted imaging) in the differential diagnosis of glial brain tumors and primary brain lymphomas.Materials and methods.Fifty-four patients with brain tumors were studied (men – 27 (50 %), women – 27 (50 %)). Average age 57.9 years. Histological examination of the surgical material revealed the glial nature of tumors in 41 patients (26 of them with glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytomas – 15), primary brain lymphomas – in 13 patients. Brain MRI was performed using tomographs with a magnetic field of 3 and 1.5 T. A semi-quantitative assessment of the data obtained in the SWI mode based on the classification of ITSS (intratumoral susceptibility signals), reflecting the severity of interstitial vascular architectonics and microbleeding.Results.The degree of ITSS was 3 in glioblastomas (G4 ) in 26 (100 %) cases, in the structure of gliomas (G3 ) the ITSS values were 3 in 3 (20 %) cases, in the remaining 12 (80 %) cases – ITSS 2. In the group of primary brain lymphomas, the ITSS 1 was in 4 (30.7 %) cases, ITSS 0 was in 9 (69.3 %) cases.Conclusion.MRI in SWI mode is a promising technique that allows one to quantify the degree of pathological changes in tumor vascular architectonics and intratumoral hemorrhages and has shown high specificity in the differential diagnosis of malignant gliomas and lymphomas of the brain, accompanied by active accumulation of contrast medium.
Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland with NTRK fusions: new approaches for diagnostics and targeted therapy (review)
Authors: Ignatova A. V. , Mudunov A. M. , Podvyaznikov S. О. , Alymov Yu. V.
Published: July 2020

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the salivary gland is a rare salivary cancer, histologically resembling to secretory carcinoma of the breast. In 2017 World Health Organization reported MASC is a new salivary cancer subtype. The aim of this article is to collect and analyze data about MASC, particularly clinical, histological and molecular profile, to evaluate targeted therapy effects. We discuss a case report of dramatic and durable response with entrectinib and the development of acquired resistance in an NTRK3-fusion positive salivary cancer, detected by next-generation sequencing. Next-generation sequencing as a comprehensive molecular profiling, that helps to investigate molecular profile of rare tumors and gives an opportunity to use an effective therapeutic options. Identifying ETV6-NTRK3 positive MASC provides a better prognosis for metastatic disease by using a novel effective targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (entrectinib, larotrectinib). Despite a durable and dramatic response, we showed an interesting case of the development of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors mediated by the appearance of a novel NTRK3 G623R mutation. Finally, we believe in great perspectives of comprehensive molecular profiling and targeted therapy for rare malignancies with NTRK gene fusions, including second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Immediate modified prostodontic rehab for tumor of the maxilla: case report
Authors: Kudasova E. O. , Kochurova E. V. , Nikolenko V. N. , Demenchuk P. A. , Zotov A. V. , Vasilyeva T. M.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Timely maxillofacial orthopedic care is aimed at leveling the message of the oral cavity with the nasal cavity and its paranasal sinuses, orbit, helps to improve swallowing, speech, breathing and salivation. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of application of a polymethyl methacrylate prosthesis with a superhydrophobic modified surface directly on the operating table, as well as to demonstrate the possibility of using in the shortest postoperative period. Materials and methods. Patient Z., 28 years old, clinical diagnosis: chondrosarcoma of the upper jaw on the right, Т2N0M0, stage 2. A resection of the upper jaw was proposed with simultaneous reconstructive treatment and the application of a dental resection forming denture of the upper jaw. To form a hydrophobic surface, the prosthesis was modified with a high-frequency plasma of sulfur hexafluorides. The study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of microflora on the surface of the resection forming prosthesis was carried out after transportation of the prosthesis from the dental laboratory, after processing of high-frequency plasma of sulfur hexafluoride and before applying the resection forming prosthesis, 3, 7 days after the prosthesis was applied. Results. After modification of sulfur hexafluoride in the medium, the contact angle of contact with distilled water increased, the critical surface tension decreased compared to the initial one, and the hydrophobic properties were increased. Conditionally pathogenic microflora in a diagnostically significant amount was cultivated from the surface of the resection forming prosthesis obtained from the dental laboratory. Bacterial seeding after modification in the plasma of sulfur hexafluoride showed the absence of microflora strains; a slight increase in opportunistic microflora was obtained on days 3 and 7 after application of the prosthesis. In the immediate postoperative period (3 days), the patient complained of pain and discomfort associated with the surgical stage. Conclusions. The presented clinical case indicate that the superhydrophobic surface modified by sulfur hexafluoride contributes to a more stable healing of the postoperative defect.
US Policy Towards Ukraine in Conditions of the New World Order
Authors: Kondratenko Oleg
Published: July 2020

The US policy towards Ukraine in the post-bipolar period is considered. The United States was one of the first countries to recognize Ukraine as a new subject of international law. It is proved that in the first years of Ukraine’s independence in the American expert circles the idea of its great international importance as a strategic partner was established. The United States paid great attention to the Ukrainian nuclear issue and helped to shape Ukraine’s nuclear-free status, while guaranteeing territorial integrity and security under the Budapest Treaty Memorandum of 1994, along with the Russian Federation. The United States has consistently provided support for Ukrainian democracy, reform, market transformation and national security. The US views Ukraine as an outpost to strengthen its geopolitical influence in the post-Soviet space and in Eastern Europe, as well as a unique alternative to Russian imperial policy. The United States maintained its support for Ukraine during the difficult times of its historical development, marked by a decline in democracy and an increase in authoritarianism. An important step on the part of the United States was the adoption by the Senate of a bill on the Declaration of Freedom in Ukraine of December 11, 2014, which declared full support for the Ukrainian state. Another important gesture from the US was the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions after annexation of the Crimea by Russia and the deployment of hybrid aggression in the Donbass. Since then, the United States has been providing $ 300 million in annual financial assistance to Ukraine, providing defense weapons and training to the Ukrainian military.
Recently, the US has been contributing to improving Ukraine’s energy security by supporting the diversification of natural gas and nuclear fuel supplies. The prospect of further strengthening of Ukraine’s energy security should be the expansion of the network of LNG terminals in Eastern Europe. Thanks to the imposed sanctions, the US managed to suspend the construction of the Russian gas pipeline “North Stream-2”, which is aimed at undermining Ukraine’s energy transit status. However, the negative sides of Ukraine-US relations should include pressure on Ukraine by the US to prevent China’s partial privatization of the Motor Sich plant and Ukraine’s involvement in US Presidential election scandal.
Indo-Chinese Initiatives by Henry Kissinger
Authors: Burunov Oleksandr
Published: July 2020

The suggested article surveys the key elements of foreign politics of Nixon administration in Vietnam. The personal contribution of Kissinger to the peace process in Vietnam was analyzed. The end of war and withdrawal US troops from this country was one of his major election promises, and the main problem, which divided American society. Together with newly invited as a national security advisor Professor of Harvard H. Kissinger R. Nixon begun to conduct politics of Vietnamization. The purpose of this politics was a full withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam during next few years, instead economic assistance for South Vietnam should be increased in proportional of Hanoi aggression. But in the same time with withdrawal of troops quantity of Air Force units and Navy units of US should be increased in Indochina region. For Kissinger being in charge of foreign affairs department and taking practical steps in the field of foreign politics became resumption of his academic career and the embodiment of those conceptual views that he developed in the university environment. The diplomat used the events that took place in Indochina as one of the elements for reformatting the world order which was placed after World War II. H.Kissinger’s strategy consisted in involving China and creates a geopolitical triangle instead of US and USSR bipolar relations. Establishment of diplomatic relations with China was not decisive in ending of war in Vietnam. Beijing had limited capabilіties to influence the North Vietnamese Communists but became a serious incentive to speed up negotiations with the USSR, regarding on Vietnam as well. Considering circumstances in the region at the time of R. Nixon’s coming to power the results of this administration in Vietnam should be considered as satisfactory and accordingly promises of his presidential program.
A role of comprehensive cervix assessment in the first trimester of pregnancy for predicting preterm delivery
Authors: Volkov V. G. , Chursina O. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim: to improve efficacy of predicting preterm labor in the first trimester of pregnancy by combining diverse parameters of cervical ultrasound examination.

Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study of 1517 women with uncomplicated pregnancy was performed. Inclusion criteria were: females underwent cervicometry at 11–14 weeks of gestation, singleton pregnancy, revealing no complaints at the onset of examination. All women were subdivided into four groups: Group 1 – 27 pregnant women with shortened cervix (less than 30 mm); Group 2 – 24 pregnant women without cervical gland area (СGA); Group 3 – 30 pregnant women with two risk factors (shortened cervix less than 30 mm and lacked СGA); Group 4 (control) consisted of 1436 pregnant women with cervix length exceeding 30 mm and presence of СGA.

Results. Average delivery term in Group 1 was 35.7 weeks (95 % CI = 34.7–36.8), in Group 2 – 34.7 weeks (95 % CI = 33.59–35.0), in Group 3 – 33.23 weeks (95 % CI = 31.6–34.8), in Group 4 (control) – 38.11 weeks (95 % CI = 38.06–38.17). A significant moderate correlation (Rxy = 0.534) between shortened cervix, absence of СGA and delivery term was found (p < 0.001). A regression model consisting of cervical length and presence of СGA was simulated based upon 50.8 % factors underlying probability of preterm birth, revealing 42.6 % sensitivity, 99.1 % specificity, and 96.6 % overall diagnostic value. The area under the ROC curve was 0.902 ± 0.022 (95 % CI = 0.860–0.945). The data obtained reflect diverse biochemical changes such as collagen decomposition, altered glucosamine level and fluid amount within cervical tissues. Such processes result in shortened, softened and expanded (matured) cervix. Uncovering markers for preterm cervical maturation underlies a logical strategy to predict miscarriage.

Conclusion. Untrasound cervical measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy allows for revealing valuable miscarriage predictors (shortened cervix and absence of GI). Risk assessment by combining diverse ultrasound cervix parameters would allow to improve overall predictive efficacy.
Clinical case of ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube stump
Authors: Sulima A. N. , Beglitse D. A. , Rybalka A. N. , Baskakov P. N. , Kolesnikova I. O.
Published: July 2020

Here we describe a rare clinical case of female with a history of surgical sterilization coupled to ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube stump, comprising on average 1.19 % of total ectopic pregnancies. The patient E. was admitted to the gynecological department complaining of aching pain in the lower left abdominal quadrant, blood discharge from the genital tract, and delayed menstruation. Due to a previous operation for sterilization, no onset of pregnancy was expected. A positive urinary test for human chorionic gonadotropin was obtained, whereas ultrasound examination did not reliably confirm the onset of pregnancy. However, taking into account the ultrasound signs of the hematoperitoneum, a culdocentesis was performed that revealed dark liquid non-clotting blood. Laparoscopic surgery was performed on emergency indications. Intraoperatively: the stump of the left fallopian tube was dilated, cyanotic, and blood was leaking from the fimbria lend. Bilateral excision of fallopian tube stumps was performed. The primary clinical diagnosis was interrupted left-sided tubal pregnancy (in the fallopian tube stump) that was confirmed by pathomorphological examination. Thus, the clinical case described by us demonstrates properly conducted differential diagnostics as well as timely management and therapeutic interventions. Hence, previous surgical sterilization recorded in patient history should not rule out a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.
Legal Regulation of Robots and Artificial Intelligence in Latin America, the Problem of Human Rights and AI
Authors: Stepanyan A. Zh. , Zaplatina T. S.
Published: July 2020

We are currently experiencing a new revolution, which is related to the Internet, nanotechnology, biotechnology and robotics. Artificial intelligence is based on intelligent algorithms or learning algorithms similar to human intelligence, technologies make it possible for computer systems to acquire independence, self-adaptive reconfiguration. The greater the autonomy of AI, robots, and androids, the less they depend on manufacturers, owners, and users.

The fact that the new generation of robots will coexist with humans should be taken into account in legislation, it should adapt and regulate issues of great legal significance, namely: who takes responsibility for the actions or inaction of intelligent robots? What is their legal status? Should they have a special regime of rights and obligations? How to resolve ethical conflicts related to their behavior?

The analysis of legislation and doctrine in Latin America has revealed some trends in the use of AI.

1. The use of AI in various spheres of public life causes legal problems in terms of guaranteeing human rights, as evidenced by the analysis of the constitutions of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. For example, article 8 of the American Convention on Human Rights states: "Everyone has the right to have his case heard, with appropriate guarantees and within a reasonable period of time, before a competent, independent and impartial court convened in advance by law in support of any criminal charge brought against him or to determine his rights or obligations of a civil, labour, financial or any other nature."

2. The similarity of AI and human intelligence raises the question of legal personality of AI, granting AI rights. The civil and commercial code of Argentina departs from the category of "human person" and establishes the term "legal persons": "all persons to whom the legal system grants the ability to acquire rights are legal persons for the purpose of fulfilling their purpose and obligations".

The line between things and people is becoming more blurred, technology and a more sensitive view of other living beings lead to doubt whether man is the sole subject of law.
Düşünce Kontrol Yeteneği Ölçeğinin Türkçe Versiyonu: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması
Authors: SARIÇAM Hakan , MERT Abdullah
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Düşünce Kontrol Yeteneği Ölçeği’nin (DKYÖ-25 ve DKYÖ-8) Türk kültürüne uyarlamak ve ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerini incelemektir. Araştırma, üç farklı çalışma grubunda yer alan ve yaşları 18 ile 44 arasında değişen toplam 656 (204+255+201) yetişkin katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. İlk çalışmada, açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre 25 maddelik DKYÖ’nün orijinalinde olduğu gibi Türkçe formunun da tek boyuta sahip olduğu ve toplam varyansın %42.49’unu açıkladığı görülmüştür. Yapılan DFA sonucu ölçeğin uyum iyiliği değerleri χ²/sd=2.91, RMSEA= .066, CFI= .92, GFI= .93, IFI= .93, NFI= .93, RFI= .94 ve SRMR= .042 şeklinde hesaplanmıştır. Madde faktör yükleri ise .31 ile .69 arasında sıralanmaktadır. Eşdeğer ölçek (ölçüt) geçerliği çalışmasında DKYÖ-25 ile Tekrarlayıcı Düşünme Ölçeği arasında p<.01 önem düzeyinde r=-.62, DKYÖ ile Bilişsel esneklik (alternatifler) ve Bilişsel esneklik (kontrol) arasında p<.01 önem düzeyinde sırasıyla r=.53; .65 pozitif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayısı .93 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Düzeltilmiş madde toplam korelasyon katsayıları .37 ile .70 arasında hesaplanmıştır. İkinci çalışmada, AFA’ya göre 8 maddelik DKYÖ’nün tek boyutlu olduğu ve bu tek boyutu ölçeğin toplam varyansın %55’ini açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin doğrulayıcı faktör analizine göre ölçeğin uyum iyiliği değerleri χ²/sd=1.98, CFI= .97, GFI= .93, IFI= .97, NFI= .95, RFI= .93 ve SRMR= .048 şeklinde bulunmuştur. Ayrıca madde faktör yükleri .58 ile .77 arasında değişmektedir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayısı .88 şeklinde hesaplanmıştır. Düzeltilmiş madde toplam korelasyon katsayıları .56 ile .71 arasında değişmektedir. Tüm bu sonuçlar, Düşünce Kontrol Yeteneği Ölçeği’nin Uzun ve Kısa sürümünün Türk yetişkinlerde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir.
Still Ekphrasis? Visual and Non-Visual Art in Contemporary Anglophone Fiction
Authors: Hetman Jarosław
Published: July 2020

The article explores the ancient notion of ekphrasis in an attempt to redefine it and to adjust it to the requirements of the contemporary literary and artistic landscape. An overview of the transformations in the world of art in the 20th century allows us to adjust our understanding of what art is today and to examine its existence within the literary context. In light of the above, I postulate a broadening of the definition of ekphrasis so as to include not only painting and sculpture on the one side, and poetry on the other, but also to open it up to less conventional forms of artistic expression, and allow for its use in reference to prose. In order to illustrate its relevance to the novel, I have conducted a study of three contemporary novels – John Banville’s Athena, Kurt Vonnegut’s Bluebeard and Don DeLillo’s Mao II – in order to uncover the innovative ways in which novelists nowadays use ekphrasis to reinvigorate long prose.