bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Self-Esteem Level on Risk Preference in Different Tasks
Authors: Zheng Jiuhua , Zhong Yilu , Liu Yongfang
Published: June 2013

Using the Chinese version of Rosenberg's (1965) Self-Esteem Scale we explored the effects of self-esteem level on risk preference in 2 tasks, based on the exchange theory of money and self-esteem in decision making, within the Chinese cultural context. The results showed that participants
with moderate self-esteem had the highest risk preference.
Osteoprotegerin Is an Independent Predictor of Vascular Events in Finnish Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gordin Daniel , Soro-Paavonen Aino , Thomas Merlin C. , Harjutsalo Valma , Saraheimo Markku , Bjerre Mette , Forsblom Carol , Flyvbjerg Allan , Groop Per-Henrik ,   on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is involved in the process of vascular calcification. We investigated whether OPG is associated with the development and progression of diabetes complications in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Serum OPG was measured in 1,939 adults with T1D participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study. Patients with end-stage renal disease (dialysis or transplantation) at baseline were excluded from analysis. Data on cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality during follow-up were verified from hospital discharge registries (ICD codes) and the Finnish National Death Registry, respectively. The follow-up time was 10.4 ± 2.0 (mean ± SD) years.

RESULTS

Only patients with macroalbuminuria and/or renal impairment had elevated OPG concentrations, when compared with participants without overt kidney disease. Patients with retinopathy or CV disease also had higher OPG concentrations, but this was attributable to their higher frequency of chronic kidney disease. OPG predicted an incident CV event (hazard ratio 1.21 [95% CI 1.01–1.45]; P = 0.035) and peripheral vascular disease/amputation events (1.46 [1.13–1.88]; P = 0.004) during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

We showed that serum OPG is an independent predictor of CV complications. OPG may be directly involved in extraosseous calcification, resulting in stiffening of the arteries and subsequent vascular insufficiency in patients with T1D.
Limnological record inferred from diatoms in sediments of Lake Skaliska (north-eastern Poland)
Authors: Sienkiewicz Elwira
Published: June 2013

Subfossil diatoms analysis was employed to reconstruct past environmental changes in Lake Skaliska. This lake, presently a palaeolake, is located on a wide plain called the Skaliska Basin (northern part of Mazury Lake District, north-eastern Poland). Changes in terrestrial vegetation suggest that the initial phase of the lake was in the early Holocene. In the sediments a total of 176 diatom species belonging to 35 genera were identified. The majority of diatoms are alkaliphilous and alkalibiontic, occurring mainly in meso-eutrophic water. Diatom flora development suggests that the best conditions for diatom growth prevailed throughout the Boreal and in the early Atlantic, a suggestion supported by the increased frequency of planktonic diatoms living in nutrient-rich water. A water pH reconstruction (DIpH) based on diatoms points to alkalinity during the lake’s existence. Since roughly the mid-Atlantic the lake was shallowing, and at the beginning of the Subboreal peat sedimentation led to complete overgrowth of the lake.
In-line characterization and identification of micro-droplets on-chip
Authors: Weber Emanuel , Puchberger-Enengl Dietmar , Keplinger Franz , Vellekoop Michael J.
Published: June 2013

We present an integrated optofluidic sensor system for in-line characterization of micro-droplets. The device provides information about the droplet generation frequency, the droplet volume, and the content of the droplet. Due to its simplicity this principle can easily be implemented with other microfluidic components on one and the same device. The sensor is based on total internal reflection phenomena. Droplets are pushed through a microfluidic channel which is hit by slightly diverging monochromatic light. At the solid-liquid interface parts of the rays experience total internal reflection while another part is transmitted. The ratio of reflected to transmitted light depends on the refractive index of the solution. Both signals are recorded simultaneously and provide a very stable output signal for the droplet characterization. With the proposed system passing droplets were counted up to 320 droplets per second and droplets with different volumes could be discriminated. In a final experiment droplets with different amounts of dissolved CaCl
Understanding the current-voltage characteristics of industrial crystalline silicon solar cells by considering inhomogeneous current distributions
Authors: Breitenstein O.
Published: June 2013

Solar cells made from multi- or mono-crystalline silicon wafers are the base of today’s photovoltaics industry. These devices are essentially large-area semiconductor p-n junctions. Technically, solar cells have a relatively simple structure, and the theory of p-n junctions was established already decades ago. The generally accepted model for describing them is the so-called two-diode model. However, the current-voltage characteristics of industrial solar cells, particularly of that made from multi-crystalline silicon material, show significant deviations from established diode theory. These deviations regard the forward and the reverse dark characteristics as well as the relation between the illuminated characteristics to the dark ones. In the recent years it has been found that the characteristics of industrial solar cells can only be understood by taking into account local inhomogeneities of the dark current flow. Such inhomogeneities can be investigated by applying lock-in thermography techniques. Based on these and other investigations, meanwhile the basic properties of industrial silicon solar cells are well understood. This contribution reviews the most important experimental results leading to the present state of physical understanding of the dark and illuminated characteristics of multi-crystalline industrial solar cells. This analysis should be helpful for the continuing process of optimizing such cells for further increasing their energy conversion efficiency.
Gaussian beam evolution in longitudinally and transversely inhomogeneous nonlinear fibres with absorption
Authors: Berczynski P.
Published: June 2013

The method of complex geometrical optics (CGO) is presented, which describes Gaussian beam (GB) diffraction and self-focusing in smoothly inhomogeneous and nonlinear Kerr type and saturable fibres. CGO reduces the problem of Gaussian beam evolution in inhomogeneous and nonlinear media to the system of the first order ordinary differential equations for the complex curvature of the wave front and for GB amplitude, which can be readily solved both analytically and numerically. As a result, CGO radically simplifies the description of Gaussian beam diffraction and self-focusing effects as compared to other methods of nonlinear optics such as variational method approach, method of moments and beam propagation method. The power of CGO method is presented on the example of Gaussian beam propagation in saturable fibres with either focusing and defocusing refractive profiles. Besides, the influence of initial curvature of the wave front, phenomenon of weak absorption and effect of either transverse and longitudinal inhomogeneity on GB propagation in nonlinear fibres is discussed in this paper.
Adsorption Studies of Chromium by Using Low Cost Adsorbents
Authors: Gandhi N. , Sirisha D. , Sekhar K.B. Chandra
Published: June 2013

The presence of toxic heavy metals such as chromium (VI) contaminants in aqueous streams, arising from the discharge of untreated metal containing effluents into water bodies, is one of the most important environmental problems. Adsorption is one of the effective techniques for chromium (VI) removal from wastewater. In the present study, adsorbent was prepared from low cost adsorbents and studies were carried out for chromium (VI) removal. Batch adsorption studies demonstrated that the adsorbents had significant capacity to adsorb the chromium from aqueous solution. It was found that the adsorption increased with increase in contact time and adsorbent dosage. An attempt was made to study mixed algae as an adsorbent for removal of chromium (VI).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i1.8238 Our Nature Vol.11(1) 2013: 11-16?
Impact on Vegetation due to Deep Drain in Water Valley of South Australia
Authors: Khanal Sabita , Zheng Xu , Sannigarahi Madhusree , Gyawali Pradip
Published: June 2013

Drains have been widely used to treat dry land salinity and removing excessive water from wetland area. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the impact on vegetation by deep and open drains. Aerial images of two different time interval were evaluated by using dot grid overlaid method. Deep and open drain had significantly changed the vegetation composition of study area. Proportional coverage of bare ground had increased by 132.9%. Conversely, the proportional coverage of lakes, shrubs and grassland had decreased by 26.1., 21.1 and 3.9%, respectively. The impact was severe in the wetland landscape in comparison to the pasture landscape.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i1.8244 Our Nature Vol.11(1) 2013: 54-60
Fish Diversity and Conservation Perspectives of Gandak River, India
Authors: Srivastava P. K.
Published: June 2013

Study of 10 km stretch of Gandak River in Uttar Pradesh revealed the ichthyofaunal diversity, assemblage structure, distribution pattern, threat status, ornamental and commercially important fishes. In all 54 fish species were recorded of many commercially important fishes. Among these species 45% belong to lower risk near threatened (LRnt), 26% vulnerable (VU), 11% lower risk least concern (LRlc), 11% not evaluated (NE) and 7% endangered (EN) category. Cyprinidae 33% were most important followed by Bagridae (11%), Channidae (9%), Tetradontidae (5%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i1.8246 Our Nature Vol.11(1) 2013: 76-84
Serial neuroimaging in infants with abusive head trauma: timing abusive injuries
Authors: Bradford Ray , Choudhary Arabinda K. , Dias Mark S.
Published: June 2013

Object

The appearance and evolution of neuroimaging abnormalities following abusive head trauma (AHT) is important for establishing the time frame over which these injuries might have occurred. From a legal perspective this frames the timing of the abuse and therefore identifies and excludes potential perpetrators. A previous pilot study involving 33 infants with AHT helped to refine the timing of these injuries but was limited by its small sample size. In the present study, the authors analyzed a larger group of 210 cases involving infants with AHT to chronicle the first appearance and evolution of radiological (CT, MRI) abnormalities.

Methods

All children younger than 24 months admitted to the Penn State Hershey Medical Center with AHT over a 10-year period were identified from a medical record review; the time of injury was determined through an evaluation of the clinical records. All imaging studies were analyzed, and the appearance and evolution of abnormalities were chronicled on serial neuroimaging studies obtained in the days and weeks after injury.

Results

One hundred five infants with specific injury dates and available imaging studies were identified; a subset of 43 children additionally had documented times of injury. In infants with homogeneously hyperdense subdural hematomas (SDHs) on initial CT scans, the first hypodense component appeared within the SDH between 0.3 and 16 days after injury, and the last hyperdense subdural component disappeared between 2 and 40 days after injury. In infants with mixed-density SDHs on initial scans, the last hyperdense component disappeared between 1 and 181 days. Parenchymal hypodensities appeared on CT scans performed as early as 1.2 hours, and all were visible within 27 hours after the injury. Rebleeding into SDHs was documented in 17 cases (16%) and was always asymptomatic.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 49 infants. Among those with SDH, 5 patterns were observed. Patterns I and II reflected homogeneous SDH; Pattern I (T1 hyperintensity and T2/FLAIR hypointensity, “early subacute”) more commonly appeared on scans performed earlier after injury compared with Pattern II (T1 hyperintensity and T2/FLAIR hyperintensity, “late subacute”), although there was considerable overlap. Patterns III and IV reflected heterogeneous SDH; Pattern III contained relatively equal mixtures having different intensities, whereas Pattern IV had fluid that was predominantly T1 hypointense and T2/FLAIR hyperintense. Again, Pattern III more commonly appeared on scans performed earlier after injury compared with Pattern IV, although there was significant overlap.

Conclusions

These data extend the preliminary data reported by Dias and colleagues and provide a framework upon which injuries in AHT can be timed as well as the limitations on such timing estimates.
The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on recovery from mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bonfield Christopher M. , Lam Sandi , Lin Yimo , Greene Stephanie
Published: June 2013

Object

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are significant independent public health concerns in the pediatric population. This study explores the impact of a premorbid diagnosis of ADHD on outcome following mild TBI.

Methods

The charts of all patients with a diagnosis of mild closed head injury (CHI) and ADHD who were admitted to Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between January 2003 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed after institutional review board approval was granted. Patient demographics, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, hospital course, and King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) score were recorded. The results were compared with a sample of age-matched controls admitted with a diagnosis of CHI without ADHD.

Results

Forty-eight patients with mild CHI and ADHD, and 45 patients with mild CHI without ADHD were included in the statistical analysis. Mild TBI due to CHI was defined as an initial GCS score of 13–15. The ADHD group had a mean age of 12.2 years (range 6–17 years), and the control group had a mean age of 11.14 years (range 5–16 years). For patients with mild TBI who had ADHD, 25% were moderately disabled (KOSCHI Score 4b), and 56% had completely recovered (KOSCHI Score 5b) at follow-up. For patients with mild TBI without ADHD, 2% were moderately disabled and 84% had completely recovered at follow-up (p < 0.01). Patients with ADHD were statistically significantly more disabled after mild TBI than were control patients without ADHD, even when controlling for age, sex, initial GCS score, hospital length of stay, length of follow-up, mechanism of injury, and presence of other (extracranial) injury.

Conclusions

Patients who sustain mild TBIs in the setting of a premorbid diagnosis of ADHD are more likely to be moderately disabled by the injury than are patients without ADHD.
Tyrian Purple: The First Four Thousand Years
Authors: Cooksey Chris
Published: June 2013

Some of the long history of shellfish purple is recounted. Understanding how the dye is produced from molluscs, the composition of the pigment and the chemistry involved has only been achieved as a result of the advances in analytical chemistry in the twentieth century, but some mysteries remain. Other diverse aspects such as the taste of the molluscs, the actual colour of the dye, the smell associated with the production and even the application in photography contribute to the fascination of the subject.
An Outline of Object-Oriented Philosophy
Authors: Harman Graham
Published: June 2013

This article summarises the principles of object-oriented philosophy and explains its similarities with, and differences from, the outlook of the natural sciences. Like science, the object-oriented position avoids the notion (quite common in philosophy) that the human-world relation is the ground of all others, such that scientific statements about the world would only be statements about the world as it is for humans. But unlike science, object-oriented metaphysics treats artificial, social, and fictional entities in the same way as natural ones, and also holds that the world can only be known allusively rather than directly.
Methylcellulose Based Thermally Reversible Hydrogel System for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Thirumala Sreedhar , Gimble Jeffrey , Devireddy Ram
Published: June 2013

The thermoresponsive behavior of a Methylcellulose (MC) polymer was systematically investigated to determine its usability in constructing MC based hydrogel systems in cell sheet engineering applications. Solution-gel analyses were made to study the effects of polymer concentration, molecular weight and dissolved salts on the gelation of three commercially available MCs using differential scanning calorimeter and rheology. For investigation of the hydrogel stability and fluid uptake capacity, swelling and degradation experiments were performed with the hydrogel system exposed to cell culture solutions at incubation temperature for several days. From these experiments, the optimal composition of MC-water-salt that was able to produce stable hydrogels at or above 32 °C, was found to be 12% to 16% of MC (Mol. wt. of 15,000) in water with 0.5× PBS (~150mOsm). This stable hydrogel system was then evaluated for a week for its efficacy to support the adhesion and growth of specific cells in culture; in our case the stromal/stem cells derived from human adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs). The results indicated that the addition (evenly spread) of ~200 µL of 2 mg/mL bovine collagen type -I (pH adjusted to 7.5) over the MC hydrogel surface at 37 °C is required to improve the ASC adhesion and proliferation. Upon conﬂuence, a continuous monolayer ASC sheet was formed on the surface of the hydrogel system and an intact cell sheet with preserved cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix was spontaneously and gradually detached when the grown cell sheet was removed from the incubator and exposed to room temperature (~30 °C) within minutes.
Sequestration of AS-DACA into Acidic Compartments of the Membrane Trafficking System as a Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Williams Marissa , Catchpoole Daniel
Published: June 2013

The accumulation of weakly basic drugs into acidic organelles has recently been described as a contributor to resistance in childhood cancer rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines with differential sensitivity to a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor, AS-DACA. The current study aims to explore the contribution of the endocytic pathway to AS-DACA sequestration in RMS cell lines. A 24-fold differential in AS-DACA cytotoxicity was detected between the RMS lines RD and Rh30. The effect of inhibitors of the endocytic pathway on AS-DACA sensitivity in RMS cell lines, coupled with the variations of endosomal marker expression, indicated the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment was implicated by confounding lines of evidence. Higher expression levels of Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein-1 (LAMP1) in the resistant RMS cell line, RD, provided correlations between the increased amount and activity of these compartments to AS-DACA resistance. The late endosomal inhibitor 3-methyladenine increased AS-DACA sensitivity solely in RD leading to the reduction of AS-DACA in membrane trafficking organelles. Acidification inhibitors did not produce an increase in AS-DACA sensitivity nor reduce its sequestration, indicating that the pH partitioning of weakly basic drugs into acidic compartments does not likely contribute to the AS-DACA sequestering resistance mechanism evident in RMS cells.
Localized Overheating Phenomena and Optimization of Spark-Plasma Sintering Tooling Design
Authors: Giuntini Diletta , Olevsky Eugene , Garcia-Cardona Cristina , Maximenko Andrey , Yurlova Maria , Haines Christopher , Martin Darold , Kapoor Deepak
Published: June 2013

The present paper shows the application of a three-dimensional coupled electrical, thermal, mechanical finite element macro-scale modeling framework of Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) to an actual problem of SPS tooling overheating, encountered during SPS experimentation. The overheating phenomenon is analyzed by varying the geometry of the tooling that exhibits the problem, namely by modeling various tooling configurations involving sequences of disk-shape spacers with step-wise increasing radii. The analysis is conducted by means of finite element simulations, intended to obtain temperature spatial distributions in the graphite press-forms, including punches, dies, and spacers; to identify the temperature peaks and their respective timing, and to propose a more suitable SPS tooling configuration with the avoidance of the overheating as a final aim. Electric currents-based Joule heating, heat transfer, mechanical conditions, and densification are imbedded in the model, utilizing the finite-element software COMSOL™, which possesses a distinguishing ability of coupling multiple physics. Thereby the implementation of a finite element method applicable to a broad range of SPS procedures is carried out, together with the more specific optimization of the SPS tooling design when dealing with excessive heating phenomena.
In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Origanum vulgare L. on HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines
Authors: Grbović Filip , Stanković Milan , Ćurčić Milena , Đorđević Nataša , Šeklić Dragana , Topuzović Marina , Marković Snežana
Published: June 2013

In the present investigation, we examined the cytotoxic effect of methanolic extract from Origanum vulgare on HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 cell line in vitro. In order to determine the cytotoxic effects we used an MTT viability assay. The results showed that cell growth is significantly lower in extract treated cells compared to untreated control. The effect of inhibition of cell growth was higher in the treatment of HCT-116 cell line than in MDA-MB-231. Based on the results it is determined that O. vulgare is a significant source of biologically active substances that have cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity in vitro.
Ambiguïtés du texte de Pech-Maho
Authors: Lejeune Michel
Published: June 2013

Incertaine demeure, dans le détail, l'interprétation de ce procès-verbal commercial gravé sur plomb en Méditerranée occidentale vers — 450 en alphabet et dialecte ioniens. Nature et succession des opérations relatées, nombre et catégorie des embarcations qui en sont l'objet, valeur des unités de compte employées dans la transaction, autant d'éléments controversés sur lesquels est ici tentée une mise au point au moins provisoire.
Copper-catalyzed aerobic aliphatic C–H oxygenation with hydroperoxides
Authors: Too Pei Chui , Tnay Ya Lin , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: June 2013

We report herein Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxygenation of aliphatic C–H bonds with hydroperoxides, which proceeds by 1,5-H radical shift of putative oxygen-centered radicals (O-radicals) derived from hydroperoxides followed by trapping of the resulting carbon-centered radicals with molecular oxygen.
La contrainte aux soins, enjeux et difficultés
Authors: Chami Jean
Published: June 2013

L’article traite d’une expérience thérapeutique auprès de plusieurs patients, astreints à une obligation de soins, dans le cadre de consultations externes ( CMP ) et d’hospitalisation psychiatrique au long cours. Il met en évidence les paradoxes de cette obligation au niveau personnel, interpersonnel et institutionnel. La contrainte extérieure manifeste le rapport de force entre les instances défensives et ce que la maladie cherche à exprimer. Les défenses (psychiques et sociales) poussent à la désignation, à la nomination de la maladie et, en même temps, la méconnaissent dans sa nature et son processus. Dans l’engagement thérapeutique, le conflit s’exprime avec les mêmes tensions. Le patient contraint le thérapeute à suivre un chemin singulier, le sien, et, inversement, le thérapeute est conduit par son propre système de contraintes, sa conception des normes et de la liberté. L’article tente d’explorer les aspects des obligations réciproques qui se nouent inconsciemment entre le patient et son thérapeute. Il montre la nécessité de passer par ce système d’obligations, internes, interpersonnelles et institutionnelles. Les maladies mentales ne sont pas seulement psychiques , elles s’incarnent dans un tissu social, dans des ensembles institués, dans des fonctions professionnelles. Ces dimensions agies , plus que pensées, offrent à la maladie mentale un territoire distinct, un langage pour communiquer. Ces contraintes mutuelles suivent un système inconscient de réciprocités, de dons, de dettes, de créances, qui ne peut être, qui ne doit pas être, rigoureusement symétrique, ni équivalent. Le professionnel du soin se met au service de la dette et des obligations à soigner, mais doit aller au-delà et en franchir les limites.
« Je suis détenu, je ne peux pas être père ! »
Authors: Van Kote Agnès , Béziat-Langlois Nathalie , Penant Frédéric
Published: June 2013

Ouvrir un groupe de parole dont la condition essentielle est la sécurité et la confiance, dans le milieu carcéral régi par une logique sécuritaire de surveillance et de contrôle, relève du défi et du paradoxe. Cette expérience repose sur un vécu partagé de fiabilité qui passe par une inscription dans la continuité de tous les acteurs. Le travail autour des consignes dans le groupe a été déterminant. Nous observons des effets pour les détenus sur la construction d’une identité de père et la réflexion sur la transgression et leur rapport à la loi. Ce groupe fonctionne comme un groupe d’appartenance de ces pères au sein de la prison. Être détenu et être père devient pensable et conciliable. Ces pères prennent des initiatives concrètes dans le lien à leur enfant et leur famille. Ce groupe de parole de pères incarcérés contribue pleinement à la prévention de la rupture des liens familiaux et de la récidive.
De la solidarité familiale à la professionnalisation : l'évolution des familles d'accueil en Pologne
Authors: Kolankiewicz Maria
Published: June 2013

Le secteur de la protection de l’enfance en Pologne a connu de profondes transformations. Le rôle du placement familial qui a une longue histoire évolue dans un nouveau contexte social et du fait des transformations législatives récentes. Ces dernières années, les familles d’accueil ont été un objet d’intérêt constant et on leur a attribué de nouvelles tâches. Dans cet article, on présente les changements intervenus dans le domaine de la protection de l’enfance et les caractéristiques des différents types de familles d’accueil en Pologne aujourd’hui. À côté de deux types de familles d’accueil : apparentées et non apparentées, on a commencé à organiser les familles professionnelles pour enrichir la palette des propositions d’accueil familial et diminuer le nombre de placements institutionnels.
De la guerre industrielle à l'industrie guerrière. Transmission des traumatismes et suicides au travail
Authors: Spoljar Philippe
Published: June 2013

Les analyses des suicides au travail, dont la caractéristique la plus énigmatique est l’intense culpabilité de ceux qui commettent ce « crime contre soi », prennent peu en considération les déterminations sociohistoriques portant sur les représentations actuellement sinistrées de la personne humaine et le mépris de l’autre. Cet article explore l’hypothèse d’une mutation essentielle induite par la Grande Guerre, en tant que première guerre industrielle, ayant valeur de scène primitive de notre modernité, et œuvrant comme modèle d’une mise en scène sacrificielle du proche. Le traumatisme dénié de cette horreur inaugurale du XX e siècle serait susceptible de se manifester aujourd’hui sous forme d’un profond délitement des liens sociaux. Libre cours serait laissé à un imaginaire destructeur qui trouverait un terrain d’expression particulièrement favorable dans l’actuelle « guerre économique » mondialisée. Certaines formes esthétiques et institutions éducatives sont interrogées comme vecteurs de transmission de cette violence.
Les Forces canadiennes et les défis institutionnels des années 1960-1970
Authors: Ouellet Éric , Conley Devin
Published: June 2013

Les années 1960 et 1970 ont souvent été décrites comme l’âge d’or des opérations du maintien de la paix pour les Forces canadiennes. De Chypre au Congo en passant par Haïti, les Forces canadiennes ont gagné une réputation d’excellence dans les missions de casques bleus. Pourtant, ces années furent aussi marquées par un tumulte institutionnel, qui en dehors des milieux canadiens de la défense, est peu connu. Deux innovations institutionnelles majeures, à savoir l’unification des armées en une seule structure de commandement durant les années 1960 et la création d’un quartier général national entièrement imbriqué dans les structures administratives du ministère de la Défense au début des années 1970, auront des conséquences significatives sur les Forces canadiennes qui se font toujours sentir de nos jours. Cet article propose de jeter un regard sur ces changements profonds au sein des Forces canadiennes à la lumière de l’analyse institutionnelle, afin de mettre en lumière une dynamique institutionnelle particulière à la défense au Canada, à savoir l’oscillation entre efficience et efficacité.
Les années 1990 : émergence du soldat-diplomate
Authors: Ouellet Éric
Published: June 2013

Au Canada, les années 1990 sont souvent décrites comme la « sombre décennie » par les militaires. Ce fut une époque difficile pour l’institution militaire canadienne qui, assiégée de toutes parts, dû se résigner à s’adapter aux nouvelles réalités de l’après-Guerre froide, mais aussi à se rapprocher des normes et des valeurs de la société canadienne. La mission canadienne en Somalie, en 1992-1993, fut l’événement catalyseur de ces changements, où le manque d’éthique et les problèmes de disciplines firent scandale. L’éthos du « vrai » guerrier, issu de la Guerre froide, était en conflit avec les attentes de la société canadienne qui se représentait ses forces armées comme une force de casques bleus. C’est dans ce contexte que les Forces canadiennes se réformèrent par un compromis institutionnel où l’identité militaire fut reconstruite autour de la notion implicite du soldat-diplomate. Cet article retrace les dynamiques institutionnelles qui menèrent à ce compromis.
Le problème de la corporéité chez le jeune Levinas
Authors: Ciocan Cristian
Published: June 2013

Dans cet article, nous allons analyser le surgissement et l’évolution du problème de la corporéité dans les écrits de jeunesse d’Emmanuel Levinas, notamment de 1935 à 1947. Dans ces textes, le moi se constitue comme cohésion avec soi et comme enchaînement à son propre corps. L’altérité brise cette adhésion charnelle à soi et rompt la cohérence du moi. Mais cette rupture a elle aussi une dimension charnelle : l’altérité est comprise ici non seulement sous le paradigme de la nudité, comme ce qui se soustrait aux formes, mais aussi comme visage (chair expressive), féminité (chair vulnérable) et éros (chair voluptueuse et tendre).
Nouveaux fragments antiprocliens de Philopon en version arabe et le problème des origines de la théorie de l'« instauration » (huduth)
Authors: Rashed Marwan
Published: June 2013

Le présent article se propose de traduire et de discuter un certain nombre de textes arabes sur la question de l’éternité du monde. Il s’agit de fragments perdus en grec de Jean Philopon et de Proclus, peu connus ou inconnus, et de textes des philosophes arabes des ix e - xi e  siècles qui les ont lus, discutés et utilisés. On montrera, en se fondant sur ce panorama philologique renouvelé, que loin d’être un dogme partagé par tous les hellénistes arabes, l’éternité du monde n’a été soutenue que par une portion d’entre eux. On montrera aussi que chaque camp, à l’intérieur de la tradition philosophique elle-même, s’appuie sur un même corpus de textes – le livre VI du Contra Proclum de Philopon – pour argumenter en faveur des deux branches de l’antinomie. On montrera enfin que si, par ce canal, la tradition philosophique de langue arabe a eu accès à la cosmologie médio-platonicienne de Taurus et à ses développements néoplatoniciens, elle les a également profondément transformés, en leur appliquant une grille de lecture empruntée à la théologie rationnelle contemporaine, le kalâm .
Keratectasia After Treating Presbyopia With INTRACOR Followed by SUPRACOR Enhancement
Authors: Taneri Suphi , Oehler Saskia
Published: June 2013

PURPOSE:

To report a case of unilateral keratectasia after INTRACOR, which was followed by an additional excimer LASIK enhancement with a new presbyopia-correcting ablation profile.

METHODS:

The non-dominant eye of a 49-year-old man with emmetropia was treated with the INTRACOR procedure using the Technolas femtosecond laser (Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH, Munich, Germany) for presbyopia. Neither eye had risk factors for keratectasia. Two years later, a presbyopia-correcting LASIK (SUPRACOR LASIK; Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH) enhancement was performed in the same eye because of deteriorated distance and near visual acuity.

RESULTS:

The eye treated with INTRACOR followed by SUPRACOR LASIK developed marked keratectasia topographically limited to the area altered by INTRACOR, whereas the fellow eye remained stable and still has no signs of keratoconus.

CONCLUSIONS:

This case emphasizes the incomplete knowledge of the risk factors for keratectasia following INTRACOR alone and in combination with a SUPRACOR LASIK enhancement. It also suggests that the combined weakening effect of both procedures on corneal mechanical stability may be too strong even in the absence of established risk factors for LASIK surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(8):573–576.]
Fundus Findings in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Vaziri Kamyar , Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Moshfeghi Darius M.
Published: June 2013

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease that has been reported to present with various chorioretinal findings, predominantly in men. We report a case of a 17-year-old girl with a known diagnosis of CGD referred to the ophthalmology clinic for evaluation of an inflamed pingueculum. Upon clinical examination and ophthalmic imaging, high-quality montage fundus photographs demonstrated a wide array of bilaterally asymmetric chorioretinal findings known to be characteristic of the ophthalmic manifestations of CGD, including chorioretinitis and focal subretinal granuloma. This report also adds to the body of evidence that the chorioretinal findings associated with this disease have the potential to worsen over time.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:390–392.]
Cartas y batalla entre Rodrigo y Berenguer Ramón en la Historia Roderici
Authors: Bautista Francisco
Published: June 2013

En este trabajo se analizan las cartas cruzadas entre Berenguer Ramón, conde de Barcelona, y Rodrigo Díaz antes de la batalla de Tévar, con una revisión del conflicto en que tales cartas se enmarcan. Se discute brevemente la tipología de estos documentos y también la adecuación o no del conflicto al procedimiento del riepto. Se trata de mostrar cómo la aparición de las cartas está en consonancia con ciertas prácticas aristocráticas, distintas de lo que supondría ajustarse al procedimiento del riepto. En cuanto a la autenticidad de estos documentos, justamente su misma excepcionalidad, pues no encontramos nada similar en los siglos xi y xii, no parece favorecer la hipótesis de que se trate de invenciones historiográficas.
La materia clásica y sus accesos en la España medieval: el ejemplo de la Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris
Authors: Escobar Ángel
Published: June 2013

Nuestro trabajo analiza la manera en que esta crónica, constituida por la Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris propiamente dicha y por la Prefatio Almariae en verso, se sirve —en nuestra opinión en un ámbito fundamentalmente escolar, más que cortesano— de fuentes clásicas diversas, a menudo de forma indirecta gracias al empleo de fuentes tardías y cristianas. La configuración formal de la Prefatio refleja con claridad en nuestra opinión, con toda su elaboración retórica, ese mismo entorno escolar.
Protagonismos y relación historiográfica en la Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris
Authors: KLINKA Emmanuelle
Published: June 2013

El análisis simbólico de la Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris ofrece una lectura muy interesante por cuanto revela los lazos establecidos entre los diferentes protagonistas y la relación historiográfica. Por una parte, desvela las circunstancias históricas ocultadas por el discurso oficial referente al reinado de Alfonso VII el Emperador y, por otra, pone de manifiesto las influencias religiosas y políticas a las que queda sometido el discurso susodicho.
Figures du sage et du savoir païens dans le Libro de buen amor
Authors: Biaggini Olivier
Published: June 2013

Au-delà de la simple relation de dépendance à ses sources, le Libro de buen amor élabore diverses figures du sage antique, tantôt comme producteur et garant d’une parole d’autorité (Aristote), tantôt, au contraire, comme pur personnage au seuil de la fiction (Virgile). Dans les deux cas, le traitement est largement parodique et remet en question une révérence trop stricte face au système des autorités. Le cas d’Ovide, qui relève conjointement des deux catégories précédentes, est particulièrement intéressant car il montre comment les noms liés à la tradition ovidienne (Ovidio, Nasón, mais aussi Pánfilo, don Amor, doña Venus…) sont autant de masques que l’archiprêtre peut successivement adopter et rejeter. Enfin, l’exemplum introductif des Grecs et des Romains est centré sur la transmission du savoir antique pour le placer au fondement du savoir de l’archiprêtre lui-même tout en offrant une représentation de sa part d’incertitude.
Miroir des anciens et observations sur les animaux dans l’encyclopédisme castillan du Moyen Âge(XIIIe siècle)
Authors: Garcia Charles
Published: June 2013

L’abondante utilisation du thème animalier est l’une des principales caractéristiques de la philosophie naturelle du XIIIe siècle. Dans la Péninsule ibérique, Juan Gil afficha la prétention d’écrire le plus complet et le plus abouti traité sur les animaux à partir des réflexions d’Aristote, un penseur qui était selon lui : « in naturalibus profundissimus ». C’est donc à partir du miroir des Anciens (où l’on retrouve bien sûr Pline, Isidore de Séville, et d’autres auteurs) et de l’intention à la fois morale, didactique et édifiante (autrement dit exemplaire, mais aussi naturaliste, tout simplement) que le Zamoran prête à ses animaux que nous entendons mettre en évidence l’emploi et le réemploi des modèles antiques dans son encyclopédie, l’Historia naturalis, un ouvrage qui se voulait être en quelque sorte un speculum naturale, puisque la nature était effectivement le miroir de la volonté de Dieu.
La figure héroïque d’Alexandre le Grand en Espagne à la fin du Moyen Âge comme modèle du rapport à l’étranger. El Libro Ultramarino et El Libro de las maravillas de Jean de Mandeville (XIVe et XVe siècles)
Authors: Roumier Julia
Published: June 2013

Déjà riche d’une longue tradition scripturaire, le cycle d’Alexandre jouit d’un regain d’intérêt à la fin du Moyen Âge qui lui apporte de nouveaux éclairages. En témoignent deux traductions hispaniques : le récit de voyages de Jean de Mandeville, traduit en aragonais vers 1380 et en castillan à la fin du XVe siècle, et la description de l’Orient de Jacques de Vitry, traduite en castillan vers 1360. Elles contiennent quelques épisodes-clefs de l’aventure orientale d’Alexandre qui offrent une représentation symbolique des rapports conflictuels de l’Orient et de l’Occident, mais aussi la possibilité d’interroger les valeurs morales de l’Occident chrétien. L’enfermement de Gog et Magog, assimilés aux dix tribus perdues d’Israël à partir du XIIe siècle, intègre Alexandre à l’eschatologie chrétienne. Sa correspondance fictive avec les Brahmanes offre la description d’une société utopique qui remplit une fonction critique face aux mœurs corrompues des Chrétiens.
De nuevo sobre los nombres medievales de la lengua de Castilla
Authors: Cano Aguilar Rafael
Published: June 2013

En este trabajo se pretende analizar las denominaciones dadas en la Edad Media a la lengua de Castilla. Para ello se han utilizado los corpus textuales ADMYTE y CORDE. El estudio ha mostrado cómo hasta finales del XV la forma dominante fue romance, quizá la más antigua, y común a otras lenguas románicas. Junto a ella, otras denominaciones genéricas fueron vulgar, activada por el cultismo latinizante bajomedieval, y lenguaje (s. XIII) o lengua (s. XV). En las denominaciones específicas, castellano y otras vinculadas dominan en los textos historiográficos alfonsíes, pero solo recuperan este dominio con Nebrija. Apenas existe español, pero sí otras denominaciones que apuntan a la futura identificación de castellano y español. Finalmente, ladino y latino pueden referir también al romance castellano, en especial ladino, pero sus historias semánticas presentan notables particularidades de uso.
Stratégies discursives et linguistiques du légiste. La « naturalité » [naturaleza] dans le Septénaire d’Alphonse X le Sage (Castille, c. 1260)
Authors: Martin Georges
Published: June 2013

Étude des stratégies discursives et linguistiques dont usèrent les rédacteurs du Septénaire (ou Sept Parties) pour fonder et promouvoir le concept de "naturalité" (naturaleza). Nous souhaitons ainsi contribuer à montrer l’utilité de la linguistique de discours et de langue dans l’étude des concepts juridiques et, plus encore, dans celle de la rédaction du droit.
Pulmonary Expression of Oncostatin M (OSM) Promotes Inducible BALT Formation Independently of IL-6, Despite a Role for IL-6 in OSM-Driven Pulmonary Inflammation
Authors: Botelho Fernando M. , Rangel-Moreno Javier , Fritz Dominik , Randall Troy D. , Xing Zhou , Richards Carl D.
Published: June 2013

Inducible BALT (iBALT) is associated with immune responses to respiratory infections as well as with local pathology derived from chronic inflammatory lung diseases. In this study, we assessed the role of oncostatin M (OSM) in B cell activation and iBALT formation in mouse lungs. We found that C57BL/6 mice responded to an endotracheally administered adenovirus vector expressing mouse OSM, with marked iBALT formation, increased cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-12), and chemokine (CXCL13, CCL20, CCL21, eotaxin-2, KC, and MCP-1) production as well as inflammatory cell accumulation in the airways. B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells were also recruited to the lung, where many displayed an activated phenotype. Mice treated with control adenovirus vector (Addl70) were not affected. Interestingly, IL-6 was required for inflammatory responses in the airways and for the expression of most cytokines and chemokines. However, iBALT formation and lymphocyte recruitment to the lung tissue occurred independently of IL-6 and STAT6 as assessed in gene-deficient mice. Collectively, these results support the ability of OSM to induce B cell activation and iBALT formation independently of IL-6 and highlight a role for IL-6 downstream of OSM in the induction of pulmonary inflammation.
Adult mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome with mild manifestations
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Kovacs Gabor G. , Ahting Uwe
Published: June 2013

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS) is usually a severe disorder of infancy or childhood, due to a reduced copy number of mtDNA molecules. MDS with only mild, non-specific clinical manifestations and onset in adulthood has not been reported. A 47-year-old Caucasian female with short stature and a history of migraine, endometriosis, Crohn’s disease, C-cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland, and a family history positive for mitochondrial disorder (2 sisters, aunt, niece), developed day-time sleepiness, exercise intolerance, and myalgias in the lower-limb muscles since age 46y. She slept 9-10 hours during the night and 2 hours after lunch daily. Clinical exam revealed sore neck muscles, bilateral ptosis, and reduced Achilles tendon reflexes exclusively. Blood tests revealed hyperlipidemia exclusively. Nerve conduction studies, needle electromyography, and cerebral and spinal magnetic resonance imaging were non-informative. Muscle biopsy revealed detached lobulated fibers with subsarcolemmal accentuation of the NADH and SDH staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed depletion of the mtDNA down to 9% of normal. MDS may be associated with a mild phenotype in adults and may not significantly progress during the first year after onset. In an adult with hypersomnia, severe tiredness, exercise intolerance, and a family history positive for mitochondrial disorder, a MDS should be considered.
Upper paleozoic rocks of the Atlin Terrane, northwestern British Columbia and south-central Yukon
Authors: Monger J W H
Published: June 2013

The Upper Paleozoic Cache Creek Group in the Atlin Te1·rane comprises five formations, in part coeval with one another, and disposed in three facies belts. The northeastern facies belt consists of Permo- Carboniferous chert, pelite and minol" sandstone and
carbonate of the Kedahda Formation, overlain conformably and gradationally by Permian basic flows and pyroclastic rocks of the French Range Formation, above which lies Permian shallow -water carbonate of the Teslin Formation . The central facies belt is mainly chert and pelite, with local sandstone,
altered basalt and lime stone all included in the Kedahda Formation . The southwestern facies belt consists of basal , basic Carboniferous volcanic rocks of the Nakina Formation, which is closely associated with alpine - type ultramafic rocks, overlain successively by chert of the Kedahda Formation,
thick, Upper Mississippian to Upper Permian shallow -water carbonate of the Horsefeed Formation and, uppermost, chert and pelite, also included in the Kedahda Formation. These rocks are deformed and commonly of prehnite- pumpellyite metamorphic grade. Much of the deformation probably occurred in
late Middle Jurassic time, when the Atlin Terrane was at least in part relatively underthrust from the southwest by Middle Jurassic and older rocks, but there is a possibility that there was an earlier, Permo-Triassic, episode of deformation accompanied by blueschist metamorphism, at least in the
south eastern end of the Atlin Terrane
Intestinal dermoid cyst in a German shepherd dog
Authors: Saberi Mehdi , Azari Omid , Kheirandish Reza , Rasouli Rokhsana , Aghazamani Maryam , Mohebbi Elham
Published: June 2013

A two-year-old male German shepherd dog was admitted to Shahid Bahonar Veterinary Hospital with clinical signs that included lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain and dehydration. Physical examination revealed nothing significant. Routine paraclinical tests only revealed a stress leukogram. Radiography revealed a mass in the stomach. Whilst performing a laparotomy, the surgeon observed an unusual mass in the subserosal layer of the proximal part of the jejunum. The histopathology of the mass revealed some scattered sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the cyst wall that confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid cyst. Intestinal dermoid cysts are very rare and to our knowledge this is the first report of an intestinal dermoid cyst in a dog.