bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and Surgical Practice in Slovenia: Managing the Crisis in Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Munda Matic , Velnar Tomaz , Bosnjak Roman , Zele Tilen , Gradisnik Lidija , Spazzapan Peter , Kos Natasa , Kocivnik Nina , Benedicic Mitja , Prestor Borut
Published: October 2023

Worldwide, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant threat to global health. Worldwide, COVID-19 has affected the health service also in Slovenia. During this time, neurosurgery is facing difficulties in its service, both in emergency and elective surgeries. In the article, we describe the anti-COVID-19 measures taken at our neurosurgical department in a medical centre in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and analysed and compared the number of emergency and elective neurosurgical procedures during the time of the pandemic.
Processing of Bimetallic Inconel 625-16Mo3 Steel Tube via Supercritical Bend: Study of the Mechanical Properties and Structure
Authors: Barenyi Igor , Slany Martin , Kouril Karel , Zouhar Jan , Kolomy Stepan , Sedlak Josef , Majerik Jozef
Published: October 2023

Incineration is currently the standard way of disposing of municipal waste. It uses components protected by high-temperature-resistant layers of materials, such as Inconel alloys. Therefore, the objective of the current paper is to study the mechanical properties and structure of a bimetallic Inconel 625-16Mo3 steel tube. The Inconel 625 layer was 3.5 mm thick and was applied to the surface of the tube with a wall thickness of 7 mm via the cold metal transfer method. The bimetallic tube was bent using a supercritical bend (d ≤ 0.7D). This paper is focused on the investigation of the material changes in the Inconel 625 layer areas influenced by the maximum tensile and compressive stresses after the bend. The change in layer thickness after the bend was evaluated and compared to the non-deformed tube. In addition, the local mechanical properties (nanohardness, Young modulus) across the indicated interfacial areas using quasistatic nanoindentation were investigated. Subsequently, a thorough microstructure observation was carried out in areas with maximum tensile and compressive stresses to determine changes in the morphology and size of dendrites related to the effect of tensile or compressive stresses induced by bending. It was found that the grain featured a stretched secondary dendrite axis in the area of tensile stress, but compressive stress imparted a prolongation of the primary dendrite axis.
Optimizing the Chemical Composition of Brake Shoes According to the Hardness Recommended by the Product Standard
Authors: Ardelean Erika , Bucur Flavius , Birtok-Băneasă Corneliu , Socalici Ana , Ardelean Marius , Budiul Berghian Adina
Published: October 2023

Optimizing the chemical composition of phosphorus cast iron for the manufacture of brake shoes, which are used in the rolling stock, is based on specific tests, and the results must be within the specified limits of railway standards. This paper presents the processing of data taken from an economic agent producing brake shoes—with chemical composition and hardness values determined through the Brinell method—as well as optimizing these data by obtaining optimal variation intervals. These technological intervals are useful in the case of foundries in order to obtain superior products from a qualitative point of view.
Preparation and Spectroscopic, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization of Biocomposites of Poly(butylene succinate) and Onion Peels or Durum Wheat Bran
Authors: Sasimowski Emil , Grochowicz Marta , Szajnecki Łukasz
Published: October 2023

The utilization of plant based fillers: onion peels (OP) and durum wheat bran (WB) to obtain sustainable biocomposite materials with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is presented in this paper. The biocomposites were first obtained in pellet form by extrusion method and then injection moldings were made from the pellets. Two kinds of biocomposites were fabricated containing 15% and 30% wt. of OP or WB. Additionally, pure PBS moldings were prepared for comparative purposes. The effect of the filler type and its amount on the chemical structure, density, thermal, and thermo-mechanical properties of the fabricated composite samples was studied. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the composite preparation method had no effect on the chemical structure of composite components, but weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding between OP or WB and PBS was observed. The addition of OP or WB to the composite with PBS reduced its thermal stability in comparison with pure PBS, all studied composites start to degrade below 290 °C. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the composites are worse than PBS, as the impact strength dropped by about 70%. The deterioration of tensile strength was in the range 20–47%, and the elongation at maximum load of the composites was in the range 9.22–3.42%, whereas for pure PBS it was 16.75%. On the other hand, the crystallinity degree increased from 63% for pure PBS to 79% for composite with 30% wt. of WB. The Young’s modulus increased to 160% for composition with 30% wt. of OP. Additionally, the hardness of the composites was slightly higher than PBS and was in the range 38.2–48.7 MPa. Despite the reduction in thermal stability and some mechanical properties, the studied composites show promise for everyday object production.
Preparation of Polyurethane–Urea Fibers with Controlled Surface Morphology via Gel State
Authors: Ohsedo Yutaka , Murata Honoka
Published: October 2023

It is widely known that skin irritation can be induced by interactions between polymer fibers constituting clothing and the skin, leading to skin inflammation and unfavorable dermatological reactions. Thus, significant endeavors have been directed toward ameliorating this phenomenon. This study engineered synthetic fibers with reduced potential for skin irritation. This was achieved via a strategy inspired by the inherent smoothness of silk fibers, which exhibit minimal friction and irritation against the skin. This investigation focused on urethane fibers, a class of synthetic fibers frequently used in textile applications. Hydrogel cross-linked polyurethane–urea fibers were subjected to controlled swelling in different hydrophilic mixed-solvent environments. Subsequent freeze-drying procedures were employed to yield fibers with diverse surface morphologies and encompassing features such as elevations and creases. The correlation between the compositions of the solvent mixtures used and the resulting surface morphologies of the fibers was rigorously assessed through polarized light and scanning electron microscopies. Additionally, the interplay between the degree of swelling and the tensile strength of the fabricated fibers was comprehensively analyzed. Consequently, the methodological combination of swelling and freeze-drying endowed the polyurethane–urea fibers with various surface profiles. Future studies will delve into the intricate connection between fiber surface characteristics and their potential to induce skin irritation. It is envisaged that such investigations will substantially contribute to the refinement of textile fibers designed for enhanced compatibility with the skin.
Enhancing Electrocardiogram (ECG) Analysis of Implantable Cardiac Monitor Data: An Efficient Pipeline for Multi-Label Classification
Authors: Bleich Amnon , Linnemann Antje , Jaidi Benjamin , Diem Björn H. , Conrad Tim O. F.
Published: October 2023

Implantable Cardiac Monitor (ICM) devices are demonstrating, as of today, the fastest-growing market for implantable cardiac devices. As such, they are becoming increasingly common in patients for measuring heart electrical activity. ICMs constantly monitor and record a patient’s heart rhythm, and when triggered, send it to a secure server where health care professionals (HCPs) can review it. These devices employ a relatively simplistic rule-based algorithm (due to energy consumption constraints) to make alerts for abnormal heart rhythms. This algorithm is usually parameterized to an over-sensitive mode in order to not miss a case (resulting in a relatively high false-positive rate), and this, combined with the device’s nature of constantly monitoring the heart rhythm and its growing popularity, results in HCPs having to analyze and diagnose an increasingly growing number of data. In order to reduce the load on the latter, automated methods for ECG analysis are nowadays becoming a great tool to assist HCPs in their analysis. While state-of-the-art algorithms are data-driven rather than rule-based, training data for ICMs often consist of specific characteristics that make their analysis unique and particularly challenging. This study presents the challenges and solutions in automatically analyzing ICM data and introduces a method for its classification that outperforms existing methods on such data. It carries this out by combining high-frequency noise detection (which often occurs in ICM data) with a semi-supervised learning pipeline that allows for the re-labeling of training episodes and by using segmentation and dimension-reduction techniques that are robust to morphology variations of the sECG signal (which are typical to ICM data). As a result, it performs better than state-of-the-art techniques on such data with, e.g., an F1 score of 0.51 vs. 0.38 of our baseline state-of-the-art technique in correctly calling atrial fibrillation in ICM data. As such, it could be used in numerous ways, such as aiding HCPs in the analysis of ECGs originating from ICMs by, e.g., suggesting a rhythm type.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Attitude Tracking Control for Rigid Spacecraft Considering the Unwinding Problem
Authors: Huo Baoyu , Du Mingjun , Yan Zhiguo
Published: October 2023

Based on the unwinding problem caused by the dual valued property of the quaternion description method, this paper designs an anti-unwinding sliding mode adaptive attitude tracking control with external disturbances and inertia matrix uncertainty. The sliding mode surface used in this paper contains two equilibrium points and adopts an indirect method, which greatly reduces the computational complexity. The stability and anti-unwinding performance have been proven. The simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the control method and we have compared it with the general linear sliding mode. The results show that the control method proposed in this paper is more stable, has higher convergence accuracy and has anti-unwinding performance.
Facultative Mutualisms and θ-Logistic Growth: How Larger Exponents Promote Global Stability of Co-Existence Equilibria
Authors: Georgescu Paul , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2023

We investigate the stability of co-existence equilibria for two-species models of facultative mutualism for which birth and death are modeled as separate processes, with possibly distinct types of density dependence, and the mutualistic contributions are either linear or saturating. To provide a unifying perspective, we first introduce and discuss a generic stability framework, finding sufficient stability conditions expressed in terms of reproductive numbers computed at high population densities. To this purpose, an approach based on the theory of monotone dynamical systems is employed. The outcomes of the generic stability framework are then used to characterize the dynamics of the two-species models of concern, delineating between decelerating (lower-powered) and accelerating (higher-powered) density dependences. It is subsequently seen that accelerating density dependences promote the stability of co-existence equilibria, while decelerating density dependences either completely destabilize the system via promoting the unboundedness of solutions or create multiple co-existence equilibria.
Testing Equality of Several Distributions at High Dimensions: A Maximum-Mean-Discrepancy-Based Approach
Authors: Ong Zhi Peng , Chen Aixiang Andy , Zhu Tianming , Zhang Jin-Ting
Published: October 2023

With the development of modern data collection techniques, researchers often encounter high-dimensional data across various research fields. An important problem is to determine whether several groups of these high-dimensional data originate from the same population. To address this, this paper presents a novel k-sample test for equal distributions for high-dimensional data, utilizing the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD). The test statistic is constructed using a V-statistic-based estimator of the squared MMD derived for several samples. The asymptotic null and alternative distributions of the test statistic are derived. To approximate the null distribution accurately, three simple methods are described. To evaluate the performance of the proposed test, two simulation studies and a real data example are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness and reliability of the test in practical applications.
On a New Class of Bi-Close-to-Convex Functions with Bounded Boundary Rotation
Authors: Breaz Daniel , Sharma Prathviraj , Sivasubramanian Srikandan , El-Deeb Sheza M.
Published: October 2023

In the current article, we introduce a new class of bi-close-to-convex functions with bounded boundary rotation. For this new class, the authors obtain the first three initial coefficient bounds of the newly defined bi-close-to-convex functions with bounded boundary rotation. By choosing special bi-convex functions, the authors obtain the first three initial coefficient bounds in the last section. The authors also verify the special cases where the familiar Brannan and Clunie’s conjecture is satisfied. Furthermore, the famous Fekete–Szegö inequality is also obtained for this new class of functions. Apart from the new interesting results, some of the results presented here improves the earlier results existing in the literature.
Weak Nearly Sasakian and Weak Nearly Cosymplectic Manifolds
Authors: Rovenski Vladimir
Published: October 2023

Weak contact metric structures on a smooth manifold, introduced by V. Rovenski and R. Wolak in 2022, have provided new insight into the theory of classical structures. In this paper, we define new structures of this kind (called weak nearly Sasakian and weak nearly cosymplectic and nearly Kähler structures), study their geometry and give applications to Killing vector fields. We introduce weak nearly Kähler manifolds (generalizing nearly Kähler manifolds), characterize weak nearly Sasakian and weak nearly cosymplectic hypersurfaces in such Riemannian manifolds and prove that a weak nearly cosymplectic manifold with parallel Reeb vector field is locally the Riemannian product of a real line and a weak nearly Kähler manifold.
Malliavin Calculus and Its Application to Robust Optimal Investment for an Insider
Authors: Yu Chao , Cheng Yuhan
Published: October 2023

In the theory of portfolio selection, there are few methods that effectively address the combined challenge of insider information and model uncertainty, despite numerous methods proposed for each individually. This paper studies the problem of the robust optimal investment for an insider under model uncertainty. To address this, we extend the Itô formula for forward integrals by Malliavin calculus, and use it to establish an implicit anticipating stochastic differential game model for the robust optimal investment. Since traditional stochastic control theory proves inadequate for solving anticipating control problems, we introduce a new approach. First, we employ the variational method to convert the original problem into a nonanticipative stochastic differential game problem. Then we use the stochastic maximum principle to derive the Hamiltonian system governing the robust optimal investment. In cases where the insider information filtration is of the initial enlargement type, we derive the closed-form expression for the investment by using the white noise theory when the insider is ’small’. When the insider is ’large’, we articulate a quadratic backward stochastic differential equation characterization of the investment. We present the numerical result and conduct an economic analysis of the optimal strategy across various scenarios.
Fourth-Order Neutral Differential Equation: A Modified Approach to Optimizing Monotonic Properties
Authors: Nabih Amany , Moaaz Osama , Askar Sameh S. , Alshamrani Ahmad M. , Elabbasy Elmetwally M.
Published: October 2023

In this article, we investigate some qualitative properties of solutions to a class of functional differential equations with multi-delay. Using a modified approach, we first derive a number of optimized relations and inequalities that relate the solution xs to its corresponding function zs and its derivatives. After classifying the positive solutions, we follow the Riccati approach and principle of comparison, where fourth-order differential equations are compared with first-order differential equations to obtain conditions that exclude the positive solutions. Then, we introduce new oscillation conditions. With regard to previous relevant results, our results are an extension and complement to them. This work has theoretical significance in that it uncovers some new relationships that aid in developing the oscillation theory of higher-order equations in addition to the applied relevance of neutral differential equations.
Fuzzy Assessment of Management Consulting Projects: Model Validation and Case Studies
Authors: Sun Hongyi , Ni Wenbin , Huang Lanxuan
Published: October 2023

Management consulting (MC) has been heavily involved in emerging business opportunities in mainland China. However, there are no well-known local MC project management models to help evaluate whether an MC project can be successful or not. This paper reports a model for the self-assessment of management consulting projects, which has been validated by 15 experts and 13 cases. The new model, with seven factors that are critical to the success of MC projects, was developed from a literature review. The model was then verified by developing a questionnaire that was sent to 15 experts and using Dempster–Shafer theory to obtain the weight of each part of the model. The model was applied to 13 real cases to verify its effectiveness in evaluating an MC project. This new MC model can help consulting teams to conduct assessments in the early and middle stages, and evaluate in the late stage, of consulting projects, and also can help teams improve the probability of project success and client satisfaction. It can be used by consultants, client companies, or both.
An Improved Mayfly Optimization Algorithm for Type-2 Multi-Objective Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling
Authors: Yang Ke , Pan Dazhi
Published: October 2023

The type-2 multi-objective integrated process planning and scheduling problem, as an NP-hard problem, is required to deal with both process planning and job shop scheduling, and to generate optimal schedules while planning optimal machining paths for the workpieces. For the type-2 multi-objective integrated process planning and scheduling problem, a mathematical model with the minimization objectives of makespan, total machine load, and critical machine load is developed. A multi-objective mayfly optimization algorithm with decomposition and adaptive neighborhood search is designed to solve this problem. The algorithm uses two forms of encoding, a transformation scheme designed to allow the two codes to switch between each other during evolution, and a hybrid population initialization strategy designed to improve the quality of the initial solution while taking into account diversity. In addition, an adaptive neighborhood search cycle based on the average distance of the Pareto optimal set to the ideal point is designed to improve the algorithm’s merit-seeking ability while maintaining the diversity of the population. The proposed encoding and decoding scheme can better transform the continuous optimization algorithm to apply to the combinatorial optimization problem. Finally, it is experimentally verified that the proposed algorithm achieves better experimental results and can effectively deal with type-2 MOIPPS.
The Role of Open Conservation Surgery in the Era of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Bang Jooin , Lee Oh-Hyeong , Kim Geun-Jeon , Sun Dong-Il , Kim Sang-Yeon
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: Total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy is traditionally the principal curative treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer; however, conservative surgical approaches that minimize functional disability are attracting increasing interest. Thus, we evaluated the appropriateness and oncological outcomes of open conservation surgery for such patients. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 49 patients who underwent vertical hemipharyngolaryngectomy from 1998 to 2018 at a single institution. Results: Locoregional recurrences developed in 19 patients (38.8%) and distant metastases in 6 (12.2%). Histopathologically, paraglottic space invasion was apparent in 13 patients (26.5%), pre-epiglottic space invasion in 4 (8.2%), thyroid cartilage invasion in 9 (18.4%), thyroid gland invasion in 2, perineural invasion in 11 (22.4%), and lymphovascular invasion in 35 (71.4%). The 5-year overall survival of patients who underwent open conservation surgery was comparable to that of patients who underwent total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy (68.7% vs. 48.4%, p = 0.14). Pre-epiglottic space invasion significantly decreased the 5-year disease-free survival rate after open conservation surgery (69.7% vs. 17.9%, p = 0.01). Conclusions: We found that pre-epiglottic space invasion negatively impacted disease control after open conservation surgery, emphasizing the crucial role played by a preoperative evaluation during patient selection.
Which Moisturizer to Use in Scar Therapy after Burn Injuries? A Subjective and Objective Skin and Scar Evaluation after Topical Treatment with Dexpanthenol, Aloe Vera, and Plant Oil
Authors: Bagheri Mahsa , Werres Michelle , Fuchs Paul C. , Seyhan Harun , Lefering Rolf , Grieb Gerrit , Schiefer Jennifer Lynn
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: Good scar management in burn care is essential. Nevertheless, there are no consistent recommendations regarding moisturizers for scar management. Our aim was to investigate and compare the effects of commonly used products on normal skin and burn scars. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 skin-healthy (control group) and 12 patients with burn scars were included in this study. For an intraindividual comparison, each participant received creams consisting of dexpanthenol (P), aloe vera (A), and a natural plant oil (O) with instructions to apply them daily to a previously defined area for at least 28 days. Objective scar evaluation was performed with Visioscan®; Tewameter®; Cutometer®, and the Oxygen To See® device. Subjective evaluation was performed with an “application” questionnaire, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), and with the “best of three” questionnaire. Results: After (A) a high trend of amelioration of +30%, TEWL was detected on the scar area. Blood flow increased slightly on healthy skin areas after (A) application to +104%. The application of (A) on healthy skin demonstrated a positive effect on the parameters of scaliness (+22%, p < 0.001), softness (+14%, p = 0.046), roughness R1 (+16%, p < 0.001) and R2 (+17%, p = 0.000), volume (+22%, p < 0.001), and surface area (+7%, p < 0.001) within the control group. After (P), a significant improvement of the baseline firmness parameter of +14.7% was detected (p = 0.007). (P) also showed a beneficial effect on the parameters of R1 (+7%, p = 0.003), R2 (+6%, p = 0.001), and volume (+17%, p = 0.001). (O) lead to a statistically significant improvement of volume (+15%, p = 0.009). Overall, most study participants stated (A) to be the “best of three”. Conclusions: (A) performed statistically best, and is a well-tolerated moisturizing product. However, further quantitative studies are needed to provide statistically significant clarification for uniform recommendations for scar therapy.
Exploring the Potential of Chatbots in Critical Care Nephrology
Authors: Suppadungsuk Supawadee , Thongprayoon Charat , Miao Jing , Krisanapan Pajaree , Qureshi Fawad , Kashani Kianoush , Cheungpasitporn Wisit
Published: October 2023

The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has allowed for its integration into multiple sectors, including, notably, healthcare. Chatbots have emerged as a pivotal resource for improving patient outcomes and assisting healthcare practitioners through various AI-based technologies. In critical care, kidney-related conditions play a significant role in determining patient outcomes. This article examines the potential for integrating chatbots into the workflows of critical care nephrology to optimize patient care. We detail their specific applications in critical care nephrology, such as managing acute kidney injury, alert systems, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT); facilitating discussions around palliative care; and bolstering collaboration within a multidisciplinary team. Chatbots have the potential to augment real-time data availability, evaluate renal health, identify potential risk factors, build predictive models, and monitor patient progress. Moreover, they provide a platform for enhancing communication and education for both patients and healthcare providers, paving the way for enriched knowledge and honed professional skills. However, it is vital to recognize the inherent challenges and limitations when using chatbots in this domain. Here, we provide an in-depth exploration of the concerns tied to chatbots’ accuracy, dependability, data protection and security, transparency, potential algorithmic biases, and ethical implications in critical care nephrology. While human discernment and intervention are indispensable, especially in complex medical scenarios or intricate situations, the sustained advancements in AI signal that the integration of precision-engineered chatbot algorithms within critical care nephrology has considerable potential to elevate patient care and pivotal outcome metrics in the future.
Innovative Bioactive Nanofibrous Materials Combining Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Extracts and Electrospinning Method
Authors: Stoyanova Nikoleta , Nachev Nasko , Spasova Mariya
Published: October 2023

Since antiquity, humans have known about plants as a medicinal cure. Recently, plant extracts are attracting more attention as a result of their natural origin and wide range of desirable features. Nanotechnology’s progress and innovations enable the production of novel materials with enhanced properties for a broad range of applications. Electrospinning is a cutting-edge, flexible and economical technique that allows the creation of continuous nano- and microfibrous membranes with tunable structure, characteristics and functionalities. Electrospun fibrous materials are used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, cosmetics, food packaging, agriculture and other fields due to their useful properties such as a large surface area to volume ratio and high porosity with small pore size. By encapsulating plant extracts in a suitable polymer matrix, electrospinning can increase the medicinal potential of these extracts, thus improving their bioavailability and maintaining the required concentration of bioactive compounds at the target site. Moreover, the created hybrid fibrous materials could possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that make the obtained structures attractive for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This review summarizes the known approaches that have been applied to fabricate fibrous materials loaded with diverse plant extracts by electrospinning. Some potential applications of the extract-containing micro- and nanofibers such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, scaffolds for tissue engineering and active food packaging systems are discussed.
A Fatigue Lifetime Prediction Model for Aluminum Bonding Wires
Authors: Moers Cassandra , Dresbach Christian , Altenbach Holm
Published: October 2023

Electrical signal transmission in power electronic devices takes place through high-purity aluminum bonding wires. Cyclic mechanical and thermal stresses during operation lead to fatigue loads, resulting in premature failure of the wires, which cannot be reliably predicted. The following work presents two fatigue lifetime models calibrated and validated based on experimental fatigue results of an aluminum bonding wire and subsequently transferred and applied to other wire types. The lifetime modeling of Wöhler curves for different load ratios shows good but limited applicability for the linear model. The model can only be applied above 10,000 cycles and within the investigated load range of R = 0.1 to R = 0.7. The nonlinear model shows very good agreement between model prediction and experimental results over the entire investigated cycle range. Furthermore, the predicted Smith diagram is not only consistent in the investigated load range but also in the extrapolated load range from R = −1.0 to R = 0.8. A transfer of both model approaches to other wire types by using their tensile strengths can be implemented as well, although the nonlinear model is more suitable since it covers the entire load and cycle range.
Moderate Effects of Hypoxic Training at Low and Supramaximal Intensities on Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Gene Expression in Mice
Authors: Drozdovska Svitlana , Zanou Nadège , Lavier Jessica , Mazzolai Lucia , Millet Grégoire P. , Pellegrin Maxime
Published: October 2023

The muscle molecular adaptations to different exercise intensities in combination with hypoxia are not well understood. This study investigated the effect of low- and supramaximal-intensity hypoxic training on muscle metabolic gene expression in mice. C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: sedentary and training. Training consisted of 4 weeks at low or supramaximal intensity, either in normoxia or hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.13). The expression levels of genes involved in the hypoxia signaling pathway (Hif1a and Vegfa), the metabolism of glucose (Gys1, Glut4, Hk2, Pfk, and Pkm1), lactate (Ldha, Mct1, Mct4, Pdh, and Pdk4) and lipid (Cd36, Fabp3, Ucp2, Hsl, and Mcad), and mitochondrial energy metabolism and biogenesis (mtNd1, mtNd6, CytC, CytB, Pgc1a, Pgc1β, Nrf1, Tfam, and Cs) were determined in the gastrocnemius muscle. No physical performance improvement was observed between groups. In normoxia, supramaximal intensity training caused upregulation of major genes involved in the transport of glucose and lactate, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis, while low intensity training had a minor effect. The exposure to hypoxia changed the expression of some genes in the sedentary mice but had a moderate effect in trained mice compared to respective normoxic mice. In hypoxic groups, low-intensity training increased the mRNA levels of Mcad and Cs, while supramaximal intensity training decreased the mRNA levels of Mct1 and Mct4. The results indicate that hypoxic training, regardless of exercise intensity, has a moderate effect on muscle metabolic gene expression in healthy mice.
Experiment Investigation of the Compression Behaviors of Nickel-Coated Hybrid Lattice Structure with Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Geng Xiuxia , Wang Mingzhi , Hou Bingyu
Published: October 2023

The lattice metamaterial has attracted extensive attention due to its excellent specific strength, energy absorption capacity, and strong designability of the cell structure. This paper aims to explore the functional nickel plating on the basis of biomimetic-designed lattice structures, in order to achieve higher stiffness, strength, and energy absorption characteristics. Two typical structures, the body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice and the bioinspired hierarchical circular lattice (HCirC), were considered. The BCC and HCirC lattice templates were prepared based on DLP (digital light processing) 3D printing. Based on this, chemical plating, as well as the composite plating of chemical plating followed by electroplating, was carried out to prepare the corresponding nickel-plated lattice structures. The mechanical properties and deformation failure mechanisms of the resin-based lattice, chemically plated lattice, and composite electroplated lattice structures were studied by using compression experiments. The results show that the metal coating can significantly improve the mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity of microlattices. For example, for the HCirC structure with the loading direction along the x-axis, the specific strength, specific stiffness, and specific energy absorption after composite electroplating increased by 546.9%, 120.7%, and 2113.8%, respectively. The shell–core structure formed through composite electroplating is the main factor for improving the mechanical properties of the lattice metamaterial. In addition, the functional nickel plating based on biomimetic structure design can further enhance the improvement space of mechanical performance. The research in this paper provides insights for exploring lighter and stronger lattice metamaterials and their multifunctional applications.
High-Power Femtosecond Laser Processing of SiC Ceramics with Optimized Material Removal Rate
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Zhichao , Zhang Yuanhang , Geng Feng , Wang Shengfei , Fan Fei , Zhang Qinghua , Xu Qiao
Published: October 2023

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics are widely used as structural materials for various applications. However, the extraordinarily high hardness, brittleness, low material removal rate, and severe tool wear of these materials significantly impact the performance of conventional mechanical processing techniques. In this study, we investigated the influence of different parameters on the material removal rate, surface quality, and surface oxidation during the laser processing of SiC ceramic samples using a high-repetition-frequency femtosecond laser at a wavelength of 1030 nm. Additionally, an experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effects of a burst mode on the material removal rate. Our results demonstrate that the surface oxidation, which significantly affects the material removal rate, can be effectively reduced by increasing the laser scanning speed and decreasing the laser scanning pitch. The material removal rate and surface quality are mainly affected by laser fluence. The optimal material removal rate is obtained with a laser fluence of 0.4 J/cm2 at a pulse width of 470 fs.
A Novel Super-Junction DT-MOS with Floating p Regions to Improve Short-Circuit Ruggedness
Authors: Yin Sujie , Cao Wei , Hu Xiarong , Ge Xinglai , Liu Dong
Published: October 2023

A novel super-junction (SJ) double-trench metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (DT-MOS) is proposed and studied using Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD in this article. The simulation results show that the proposed MOSFET has good static performance and a longer short-circuit withstand time (tsc). The super-junction structure enables the device to possess an excellent compromise of breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on-resistance (Ron,sp). Under short-circuit conditions, the depletion of p-pillar, p-shield, and floating p regions can effectively reduce saturation current and improve short-circuit capability. The proposed device has minimum gate-drain charge (Qgd) and gate-drain capacitance (Cgd) compared with other devices. Moreover, the formation of floating p regions will not lead to an increase in process complexity. Therefore, the proposed MOSFET can maintain good dynamic and static performance and short-circuit ability together without increasing the difficulty of the process.
Thermophilic Fungi as the Microbial Agents of Choice for the Industrial Co-Fermentation of Wood Wastes and Nitrogen-Rich Organic Wastes to Bio-Methane
Authors: Ingersoll John G.
Published: October 2023

The novel industrial approach of co-fermenting wood wastes with agricultural wastes that are rich in nitrogen such as animal manures to produce bio-methane (renewable natural gas) fuel via thermophilic anaerobic digestion mimics an analogous process occurring in lower termites, but it relies instead on thermophilic fungi along with other thermophilic microorganisms comprising suitable bacteria and archaea. Wood microbial hydrolysis under thermophilic temperatures (range of 55 °C to 70 °C) and aerobic or micro-aerobic conditions constitutes the first step of the two-step (hydrolysis and fermentation) dry thermophilic anaerobic digestion industrial process, designated as “W2M3+2”, that relies on thermophilic fungi species, most of which grow naturally in wood piles. Eleven thermophilic fungi have been identified as likely agents of the industrial process, and their known growth habitats and conditions have been reviewed. Future research is proposed such that the optimal growth temperature of these thermophilic fungi could be increased to the higher thermophilic range approaching 70 °C, and a tolerance to partial anaerobic conditions can be obtained by modifying the fungal microbiome via a symbiotic existence with bacteria and/or viruses.
The Imperative Use of Bacillus Consortium and Quercetin Contributes to Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease by Direct Antagonism and Induced Resistance
Authors: Hassan Ali , Akram Waheed , Rizwana Humaira , Aftab Zill-e-Huma , Hanif Sana , Anjum Tehmina , Alwahibi Mona S.
Published: October 2023

Fusarium wilt diseases severely influence the growth and productivity of numerous crop plants. The consortium of antagonistic rhizospheric Bacillus strains and quercetin were evaluated imperatively as a possible remedy to effectively manage the Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants. The selection of Bacillus strains was made based on in-vitro antagonistic bioassays against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycoprsici (FOL). Quercetin was selected after screening a library of phytochemicals during in-silico molecular docking analysis using tomato LysM receptor kinases “SILKY12” based on its dual role in symbiosis and plant defense responses. After the selection of test materials, pot trials were conducted where tomato plants were provided consortium of Bacillus strains as soil drenching and quercetin as a foliar spray in different concentrations. The combined application of consortium (Bacillus velezensis strain BS6, Bacillus thuringiensis strain BS7, Bacillus fortis strain BS9) and quercetin (1.0 mM) reduced the Fusarium wilt disease index up to 69%, also resulting in increased plant growth attributes. Likewise, the imperative application of the Bacillus consortium and quercetin (1.0 mM) significantly increased total phenolic contents and activities of the enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was performed to investigate the perturbation in metabolites. FOL pathogen negatively affected a range of metabolites including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenylpropanoids, and organic acids. Thereinto, combined treatment of Bacillus consortium and quercetin (1.0 mM) ameliorated the production of different metabolites in tomato plants. These findings prove the imperative use of Bacillus consortium and quercetin as an effective and sustainable remedy to manage Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants and to promote the growth of tomato plants under pathogen stress conditions.
Bridging Molecular and Clinical Sciences to Achieve the Best Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Avtaar Singh Sanjeet Singh , Jitendra Vikram , Fiore Antonio
Published: October 2023

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a commensal bacterium that causes various infections in surgical sites, the urinary tract, and blood. The bacterium is becoming a significant concern because it tends to affect the elderly population, which has a high prevalence of undiagnosed degenerative valvular disease and is often subjected to invasive procedures and implanted medical devices. The bacterium’s actions are influenced by specific characteristics like pili activity and biofilm formation. This resistance significantly impedes the effectiveness of numerous antibiotic therapies, particularly in cases of endocarditis. While current guidelines recommend antimicrobial therapy, the emergence of resistant strains has introduced complexity in managing these patients, especially with the increasing use of transcatheter therapies for those who are not suitable for surgery. Presentations of the condition are often varied and associated with generalised symptoms, which may pose a diagnostic challenge. We share our encounter with a case study that concerns an octogenarian who had a TAVI valve and developed endocarditis. We also conducted a literature review to identify the essential treatment algorithms for such cases.
The Advancement of Nanomaterials for the Detection of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Shi Wanting , Li Kang , Zhang Yonghong
Published: October 2023

Viral hepatitis is a global health concern mostly caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The late diagnosis and delayed treatment of HBV and HCV infections can cause irreversible liver damage and the occurrence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Detecting the presence and activity of HBV and HCV is the cornerstone of the diagnosis and management of related diseases. However, the traditional method shows limitations. The utilization of nanomaterials has been of great significance in the advancement of virus detection technologies due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. Here, we categorized and illustrated the novel approaches used for the diagnosis of HBV and HCV.
Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Antiviral Effects of Small Molecules Selected by In Silico Studies as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry
Authors: Carvalhal Francisca , Magalhães Ana Cristina , Rebelo Rita , Palmeira Andreia , Resende Diana I. S. P. , Durães Fernando , Maia Miguel , Xavier Cristina P. R. , Pereira Luísa , Sousa Emília , Correia-da-Silva Marta , Vasconcelos M. Helena
Published: October 2023

The spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) relies on host cell surface glycans to facilitate interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. This interaction between ACE2 and the spike protein is a gateway for the virus to enter host cells and may be targeted by antiviral drugs to inhibit viral infection. Therefore, targeting the interaction between these two proteins is an interesting strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. A library of glycan mimetics and derivatives was selected for a virtual screening performed against both ACE2 and spike proteins. Subsequently, in vitro assays were performed on eleven of the most promising in silico compounds to evaluate: (i) their efficacy in inhibiting cell infection by SARS-CoV-2 (using the Vero CCL-81 cell line as a model), (ii) their impact on ACE2 expression (in the Vero CCL-81 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines), and (iii) their cytotoxicity in a human lung cell line (A549). We identified five synthetic compounds with the potential to block SARS-CoV-2 infection, three of them without relevant toxicity in human lung cells. Xanthene 1 stood out as the most promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent, inhibiting viral infection and viral replication in Vero CCL-81 cells, without causing cytotoxicity to human lung cells.
Impact of Different Drying Methods on the Microbiota, Volatilome, Color, and Sensory Traits of Sea Fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) Leaves
Authors: Maoloni Antonietta , Cardinali Federica , Milanović Vesna , Reale Anna , Boscaino Floriana , Di Renzo Tiziana , Ferrocino Ilario , Rampanti Giorgia , Garofalo Cristiana , Osimani Andrea , Aquilanti Lucia
Published: October 2023

Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a strongly aromatic herb of the Apiaceae family, whose full exploitation by the modern food industry is of growing interest. This study aimed at investigating the microbiological quality, volatile profile, and sensory traits of sea fennel spices produced using room-temperature drying, oven drying, microwave drying, and freeze drying. All the assayed methods were able to remove moisture up until water activity values below 0.6 were reached; however, except for microwave drying, none of the assayed methods were effective in reducing the loads of contaminating microorganisms. The metataxonomic analysis highlighted the presence of phytopathogens and even human pathogens, including members of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Alternaria, and Cryptococcus. When compared to fresh leaves, dried leaves showed increased L* (lightness) and c* (chroma, saturation) values and reduced hue angle. Dried leaves were also characterized by decreased levels of terpene hydrocarbons and increased levels of aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. For the sensory test, the microwave-dried samples obtained the highest appreciation by the trained panel. Overall, the collected data indicated microwave drying as the best option for producing sea fennel spices with low microbial loads, brilliant green color, and high-quality sensory traits.
Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Arabshomali Arman , Bazzazzadehgan Shadi , Mahdi Fakhri , Shariat-Madar Zia
Published: October 2023

The clinical relationship between diabetes and inflammation is well established. Evidence clearly indicates that disrupting oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium and elevated lipid peroxidation could be a potential mechanism for chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Under diabetic conditions, hyperglycemia, especially inflammation, and increased reactive oxygen species generation are bidirectionally associated. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage are believed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Although the exact mechanism underlying oxidative stress and its impact on diabetes progression remains uncertain, the hyperglycemia-inflammation-oxidative stress interaction clearly plays a significant role in the onset and progression of vascular disease, kidney disease, hepatic injury, and pancreas damage and, therefore, holds promise as a therapeutic target. Evidence strongly indicates that the use of multiple antidiabetic medications fails to achieve the normal range for glycated hemoglobin targets, signifying treatment-resistant diabetes. Antioxidants with polyphenols are considered useful as adjuvant therapy for their potential anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant activity. We aimed to analyze the current major points reported in preclinical, in vivo, and clinical studies of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of inflammation in T2DM. Then, we will share our speculative vision for future diabetes clinical trials.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Morphosis of Dextran and Its Derivatization with Polyethyleneimine
Authors: Jiang Zhiming , Sun Kaifeng , Wu Hao , Dong Weiliang , Ma Jiangfeng , Jiang Min
Published: October 2023

Dextran, a variant of α-glucan with a significant proportion of α-(1,6) bonds, exhibits remarkable solubility in water. Nonetheless, the precipitation of dextran has been observed in injection vials during storage. The present study aimed to establish a technique for generating insoluble dextran and analyze its structural properties. Additionally, the potential for positively ionizing IS-dextran with polyethyleneimine was explored, with the ultimate objective of utilizing IS-dextran-PEI as a promising support for enzyme immobilization. As a result, IS-dextran was obtained by the process of slow evaporation with an average molecular weight of 6555 Da and a yield exceeding 60%. The calculated crystallinity of IS-dextran, which reaches 93.62%, is indicative of its irregular and dense structure, thereby accounting for its water insolubility. Furthermore, positive charge modification of IS-dextran, coupled with the incorporation of epichlorohydrin, resulted in all zeta potentials of IS-dextran-PEIs exceeding 30 mV, making it a promising supporting factor for enzyme immobilization.