bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perioperative management of thoracic surgery in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Fukui Mariko , Seyama Kuniaki , Matsunaga Takeshi , Hattori Aritoshi , Takamochi Kazuya , Oh Shiaki , Kawagoe Izumi , Suzuki Kenji
Published: August 2022

Background

General surgery for patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is infrequent, however, general surgeons also occasionally experience it. Only a few reports have described the specific perioperative management appropriate for patients with LAM. Hence, in this case series, we aimed to investigate the surgical outcomes of LAM patients and their characteristics.

Case presentation

Medical records of 4482 patients who underwent thoracic surgery between 2009 and 2017 at our institution were assessed. Twelve patients were diagnosed with LAM. Details of the postoperative courses and surgical outcomes of LAM patients were retrospectively examined.

All LAM patients were female (age 41.3 ± 10.6 years). Surgeries were performed for patients undergoing biopsy (n = 4) and those with pneumothorax (n = 3), lung cancer (n = 2), and other conditions (n = 3). The mortality rate was 0% and the length of hospital stay was 27.4 ± 8.9 days. Ten postoperative complications occurred in six patients (50%): hypoxemia (n = 5), chylothorax (n = 2), and prolonged air leakage (n = 3).

Conclusions

Thoracic surgery may pose a risk of postoperative complications and long hospitalization for patients with LAM, although it lowers the risk of fatality. Management of perioperative air and chyle leakages and lymphatic stasis in the lungs is important for preventing morbidities.
Genome-wide characterization of the Rho family in cotton provides insights into fiber development
Authors: HE Man , WANG Xingfen , LIU Shang , CHENG Hailiang , ZUO Dongyun , WANG Qiaolian , LV Limin , ZHANG Youping , SONG Guoli
Published: August 2022

Background

Cotton is the source of natural fibers globally, fulfilling 90% of the textile industry's requirements. However, fiber development is a complex biological process comprising four stages. Fiber develops from a single cell, and cell elongation is a vital process in fiber development. Therefore, it is pertinent to understand and exploit mechanisms underlying cell elongation during fiber development. A previous report about cell division control protein 42 (CDC-42) with its key role in cell elongation in eukaryotes inspired us to explore its homologs Rho GTPases for understanding of cell elongation during cotton fiber development.

Result

We classified 2 066 Rho proteins from 8 Gossypium species into 5 and 8 groups within A and D sub-genomes, respectively. Asymmetric evolution of Rho members was observed among five tetraploids. Population fixation statistics between two short and long fiber genotypes identified highly diverged regions encompassing 34 Rho genes in G. hirustum, and 31 of them were retained through further validation by genome wide association analysis (GWAS). Moreover, a weighted gene co-expression network characterized genome-wide expression patteren of Rho genes based on previously published transcriptome data. Twenty Rho genes from five modules were identified as hub genes which were potentially related to fiber development. Interaction networks of 5 Rho genes based on transcriptional abundance and gene ontology (GO) enrichment emphasized the involvement of Rho in cell wall biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, and other biological processes.

Conclusion

Our study characterized the Rho proteins in cotton, provided insights into the cell elongation of cotton fiber and potential application in cotton fiber improvement.
Multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with intensive use of cocaine and the adulterant levamisole in a 29-year old patient
Authors: Tollens Nadine , Post Philip , Martins Dos Santos Michael , Niggemann Pascal , Warken Melanie , Wolf Joachim
Published: August 2022

Levamisole is a common adulterant of cocaine and has been associated with reversible leukoencephalopathy in cocaine users. We report a case of two episodes with severe neurological symptoms and multifocal white matter lesions with brainstem and cerebellar involvement in a 29-year-old man after sporadic cocaine consumption. A urinalysis was positive for levamisole. Neurological deficits as well as MRI presentation improved after cessation of levamisole exposure and two courses of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Early diagnosis of levamisole-induced multifocal leukoencephalopathy and treatment with corticosteroids without delay is essential for a good recovery from neurological symptoms. Although cocaine is one of the most prevalent abused illicit drugs, cocaine- and levamisole-induced multifocal leukoencephalopathy is underdiagnosed as this disorder is not often described in the literature and anamnesis of drug abuse is not admitted by the patient. Therefore, an additional screening for cocaine and levamisole in clinical practice is useful in similar cases to support the diagnosis.
Onshore model building using elastic full-waveform inversion on surface and body waves: A case study from Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Adwani Akash , Danilouchkine Mike , Al-Siyabi Qais , Al-Droushi Omaima , ten Kroode Fons , Plessix Rene-Edouard , Ernst Fabian
Published: August 2022

We have determined the potential of the elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) to overcome some difficult challenges in onshore seismic imaging. The approach allows for simultaneous inversion of surface and body waves and, theoretically, is free from the limitations of traditional dispersion curve analysis and traveltime inversion. Indeed, identification and separation of different wavefield types are not required, and all wave types can be treated within a unified inversion scheme. However, FWI requires a reasonably good initial model, and the sensitivity of the misfit function with respect to the different wave types should be appropriately accounted for. This is the most essential step with onshore seismic data because the ground roll is much more energetic in comparison with the body waves. Our approach is based on a time-offset weighting function to balance the contribution of the different wave types in combination with a conventional frequency continuation approach. We first illustrate the feasibility of our approach on a 2D synthetic example representing a complex geology from south Oman. Then, we develop a 3D real data example from south Oman, where the application of our workflow till 8 Hz plays a pivotal role in retrieving a reliable model and in explaining the entire observed wavefields. In this example, the inversion of the ground roll helps improving the recovery of the shallow part of the earth, and hence better constraining the inversion of the body waves.
The inverse scattering imaging condition for anisotropic reverse time migration
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: August 2022

The inverse scattering imaging condition (ISIC) is widely used in reverse time migration (RTM), which naturally eliminates the low-wavenumber noise by combining a time-derivative imaging condition with a spatial-derivative imaging condition. However, when applying ISIC to anisotropic RTM, we observe that the low-wavenumber noise is not entirely eliminated. This phenomenon is the leakage of low-wavenumber noise caused by anisotropy. In anisotropic media, due to the deviation of the vertical velocity from the phase velocity, the spatial-derivative imaging condition does not generate correct weights to cancel the low-wavenumber noise obtained by using the time-derivative imaging condition. By adding an anisotropic correction term to compensate for this deviation, we obtain the anisotropic ISIC which can fully eliminate the low-wavenumber noise. In addition, we construct the connection between the anisotropic ISIC and the scattering function. The scattering function describes the power of the media to generate the scattering field, and it encompasses the effect of model perturbations and their scattering patterns. Under the small perturbation assumption and weak anisotropy approximation, we theoretically show that the ISIC reverses the scattering process and recovers the scattering function from the scattering field. Through three numerical examples, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in suppressing the low-wavenumber noise for anisotropic RTM. The anisotropic ISIC is suitable for titled transverse isotropic or orthorhombic media, and it also has potential usages in inversion-based imaging algorithms.
Wave propagation in double-porosity thermoelastic media
Authors: Li Nianqi , Deng Wubing , Fu Li-Yun , Carcione José M. , Han Tongcheng
Published: August 2022

The Lord-Shulman thermoporoelasticity theory couples the Biot and hyperbolic heat equations to describe wave propagation, modeling explicitly the effects of heat and fluid flows. We have extended the theory to the case of double porosity by taking into account the local heat flow (LHF) and local fluid flow (LFF) due to wave propagation. The plane-wave analysis finds the presence of the classical P and S waves and three slow P waves, namely, the slow (Biot) P1, the slow (Biot) P2, and a thermal slow P wave (or T wave). The frequency-dependent attenuation curves find that these slow waves manifest as Zener-like relaxation peaks, which are loosely related to the LFF, Biot, and LHF loss mechanisms. The viscosity and thermoelasticity properties can lead to the diffusive behavior of the three slow P modes. However, the S wave is considered to be independent of fluid and temperature influence. We examine the effect of thermophysical properties (e.g., thermal conductivity and relaxation time) on the wave velocity and attenuation of different modes. It is confirmed that the T wave is prone to be observed in media with high thermal conductivities and high homogeneity at high frequencies. Our double-porosity thermoelastic model reasonably explains laboratory measurements and well-log data from ultradeep fractured carbonates at high temperatures.
Drone applications in hydrogeophysics: Recent examples and a vision for the future
Authors: Mangel Adam R. , Dawson Cian B. , Rey David M. , Briggs Martin A.
Published: August 2022

The recent boom of commercially available drone technology capable of supporting geophysical imaging systems has led to several practitioners adopting the platforms to collect geophysical data. This has led to significant opportunities for studying hydrologic systems, as these platforms enable more efficient data collection and data collection in difficult-to-access locations. Recent examples from snow and stream studies show the viability of these platforms for studying complex systems in difficult locations and the added value of data provided by the technology. Small unoccupied aerial system (sUAS) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys conducted over water bodies and snow have proven beneficial for determining bathymetry in dangerous swift water and depth of snowpack in mountainous regions. Challenges arise due to decoupling of the GPR antenna and the ground surface, which limits signal penetration. Additionally, multifrequency or multichannel GPR imaging remains a challenge due to the payload limitations of an sUAS. Drone-mounted thermal infrared data collection enables the generation of thermal orthomosaic images with unprecedented detail and spatial range for quantifying groundwater fluxes to surface water bodies and reduces issues with infrared reflection common in ground-based studies. Several drone-mounted electromagnetic studies also show utility in efficient, high-resolution mapping of near-surface soil conductivity. Overall, the use of drone platforms for studying hydrologic systems remains a frontier in science applications that needs further refinement before wide-scale adoption. The preliminary studies presented here hint that the development of robust geophysical data acquisition tools based on UAS will lead to an explosion of applications to near-surface hydrologic problems.
Impact of diagnosis on outcomes for compulsory treatment orders in New Zealand
Authors: Beaglehole Ben , Newton-Howes Giles , Porter Richard , Frampton Chris
Published: August 2022

Background

Compulsory community treatment orders (CTOs) are controversial because they enforce psychiatric treatment of patients in the community. It is important to know which patients benefit from compulsory treatment to better inform CTO use.

Aims

To examine the effect of a range of diagnoses on outcomes associated with CTOs to determine whether there are specific outcome signatures for CTOs according to diagnosis.

Method

New Zealand's Ministry of Health databases provided demographic, service use and medication-dispensing data for all individuals placed on a CTO between 2009 and 2018. We used a hierarchical approach to categorise individuals according to diagnosis. Admission rates, admission days per year, community care and medication dispensing were analysed according to diagnosis and CTO status.

Results

In total, 14 726 patients were placed on a CTO over the 10-year period between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2018. For psychotic disorders, CTOs were associated with reduced admission frequency and duration. However, the opposite occurred for dementia disorders, bipolar disorders, major depressive disorder and personality disorders. Higher rates of medications, including depot antipsychotic medications, were dispensed on CTOs for all diagnostic groups.

Conclusions

CTOs were associated with reduced admission frequency and admission days per year for patients with psychotic disorders, whereas the opposite occurred for other diagnostic groups. Rather than seeking to establish whether CTOs are effective, we suggest that there are specific outcome signatures associated with CTOs for different disorders and knowledge of these can improve understanding and clinical practice in this area.
Suicidal ideation and attempt and associated factors among patients with substance use disorder: institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kassie Gebeyaw Molla , Lemu Yohanes Mirekena , Biresaw Mengesha Srahbzu , Dessie Gebremeskel Mesafint , Tadesse Getaneh Tesfaye , Gared Woredaw Minichil , Belay Mesele Wonde
Published: August 2022

Background

No published research in Ethiopia has examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts and associated factors among patients with substance use disorder.

Aims

The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and associated factors among patients with substance use disorders.

Method

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 5 May to 13 June 2019 in Addis Ababa. A total of 408 patients were identified using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using the suicidality module of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Data were entered into EpiData and analysed using SPSS. Logistic regression analyses were employed. Variables with P < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Prevalence rates of suicidal ideation and attempt were found to be 39.5% and 18.6%, respectively. Family history of mental illness (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.60, 95% CI: 2.17, 5.97), comorbid mental illness (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.11, 6.16), perceived stigma related to substance misuse (AOR = 4.00, 95% CI: 2.26, 7.07) and alcohol use (AOR = 7.49, 95% CI: 1.99, 28.19) were associated with suicidal ideation. Being female (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.70), family history of suicide (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.68, 5.64), comorbid mental illness (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.23, 7.49) and khat use (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.24, 11.17) were associated with suicide attempt.

Conclusions

The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt were both found to be high. In particular, patients who had a comorbid mental illness were at high risk of both suicidal ideation and attempt. Therefore, special attention should be given to those with a family history of suicide or comorbid mental illness.
complementary treatment of endometriosis: diet, physiotherapy and psychological treatment
Authors: Siedlak Agnieszka , Kuc Monika , Cyboran Katarzyna , Machaj Dominik , Płaczek Alicja
Published: August 2022

Endometriosis still remains the second most common disease in women of the reproductive period; it occurs in 5–30% of them, including 50% of infertile women and 30% of women with chronic pain in the smaller pelvis. The latest epidemiological data indicating on the increase in the percentage of endometriosis in adolescents (2–5%) and postmenopausal women (3-6%), which is worrying[1]. Diagnostics is the greatest problem of this disease becasue there is no unambiguous blood test which can confirm endometriosis. Moreover, changes are difficult to detect even in imaging examinations, especially in less advanced cases. All of this contributes to delaying diagnosis by up to 10 years. However, there are more and more complementary treatments that can significantly improve the quality of life and reduce the pain.
Introduction. Probing the process: Towards more integrative research methods
Authors: Rojo López Ana María , Ramos Caro Marina
Published: August 2022

N/A
Generalized Max-Weight Policies in Stochastic Matching
Authors: Jonckheere Matthieu , Moyal Pascal , Ramírez Claudia , Soprano-Loto Nahuel
Published: August 2022

We consider a matching system where items arrive one by one at each node of a compatibility network according to Poisson processes and depart from it as soon as they are matched to a compatible item. The matching policy considered is a generalized max-weight policy where decisions can be noisy. Additionally, some of the nodes may have impatience, that is, leave the system before being matched. Using specific properties of the max-weight policy, we construct a simple quadratic Lyapunov function. This allows us to establish stability results, to prove exponential convergence speed toward the stationary measure, and to give explicit bounds for the stationary mean of the largest queue size in the system. We finally illustrate some of these results using simulations on toy examples.

Funding: N. Soprano-Loto is partially supported by Aristas, MathAmSud [Grant RSPSM (Random Structures and Processes in Statistical Mechanics)], and ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) [Grant PRC (Projets de Recherche Collaborative) MATCHES (CE40)].
Animal models of osteoarthritis
Authors: Little Christopher B. , Zaki Sanaa , Blaker Carina L. , Clarke Elizabeth C.
Published: August 2022

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(8):514–517.
Potential of Bacillus subtilis potato isolate as biocontrol agent of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and candidate for nanosuspension formula
Authors: DJATMIKO HERU ADI , KURNIAWAN DHADHANG WAHYU , PRIHATININGSIH NUR
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Djatmiko HA, Kurniawan DW, Prihatiningsih N. 2022. Potential of Bacillus subtilis potato isolate as biocontrol agent of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and candidate for nanosuspension formula. Biodiversitas 23: 3313-3317. Bacillus subtilis potato isolate was able to be an antagonist of plant pathogens. The aims of this study were (i) to examine the potential of potato isolate B. subtilis as a control for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) as a pathogen rice bacterial leaf blight, (ii) determine the inhibition mechanism of their isolates, (iii) evaluate the best B. subtilis to make nanosuspension formula. The method was carried out in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments of B. subtilis potato isolates B46, B209, B211, B298, and B315, repeated 4 times. Xoo and five B. subtilis were grown in nutrient broth medium in a shaker. Xoo and B. subtilis were grown in yeast peptone glucose agar medium by the diffusion method. Xoo was inoculated on medium, and then a 5 mm diameter filter paper immersed with B. subtilis suspension was placed on the medium. The best B. subtilis as a controller was used to formulate into nanosuspension. The variables were zone of inhibition, inhibition mechanism and antibiosis index. The results showed that only three B. subtilis were able to inhibit the growth of Xoo, namely B211, B298 and B315 isolates. The highest (10 mm) inhibition zone was recorded by B. subtilis B315 isolate. The mechanism of inhibition of the three isolates of B. subtilis against Xoo was bacteriostatic. The antibiosis index of B. subtilis B315 against Xoo was 1 (strong). The selected B. subtilis B315 was developed as a nanosuspension formula with inhibition zone of 2.1 mm and antibiosis index was 0.42.
Amethyst leaf extract as pest control and fertilizer for soybean plants
Authors: RUMAPE OPIR , KILO AKRAM LA , ISCHAK NETTY INO
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Rumape O, Kilo A, Ischak NI. 2022. Amethyst leaf extract as pest control and fertilizer for soybean plants. Biodiversitas 23: 3355-3363. Amethyst (Datura metel L.) is a plant that grows and develops in the Gorontalo area, and people use it as traditional medicine. This plant has a natural insecticidal activity that is not yet known by the general public. So far, the results of research on natural insecticides from amethyst have only been tested on a small scale in the laboratory, not yet applied on a large scale in the garden. The purpose of this study was to extract amethyst leaves and apply it as an inhibitor of feeding activity and insect mortality in both the laboratory and soybean gardens. Amethyst leaves were extracted in the laboratory using methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. The extracts were tested phytochemically to determine the type of secondary metabolite, before applying it. Phytochemical test showed amethyst leaves contain alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, and saponin. The application treatment for the bioactivity used variations in the concentration of amethyst leaf extract of the fractions (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane), namely 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10%; and 0% as control. In the laboratory, the treatment was applied by contact to 5 insects Spodoptera litura instar III for each concentration treatment with 3 replications. Observation parameters were the percentage decrease in feeding activity and mortality of Spodoptera litura larvae. In the garden, the extracts with varying concentrations of the same as in the laboratory, were applied to soybeans treated with the pest Spodoptera liturain a closed container, and the other was sprayed on plants that were left exposed. The results showed that the three extracts could kill pests, but n-hexane extract was the most effective compared to ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Amazingly, soybean plants whose yellow leaves turn green after being given the extract. This indicates that the secondary metabolites of amethyst are not only used as insecticides to control pests, but also as plant fertilizers.
Short Communication: The population number of Pelung chickens in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Yudha Asmara Indrawati , Garnida Dani , Indrijani Heni
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Asmara IY, Garnida D, Indrijani H. 2022. Short Communication: The population number of Pelung chickens in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3373-3378. Domestic farm animals or, Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR), are part of the global biodiversity. The existence of AnGR, mainly local breeds, is threatened, and their population data is still far from complete. This study provides information about Pelung chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), a local chicken breed in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to offer an overview of the population, effective population size, and inbreeding rate of Pelung chickens in four regencies in West Java, Indonesia. The method used in this study was a survey of fanciers and breeders of Pelung. Interviews were conducted to reveal the production system and population data. The data were analyzed descriptively and then calculated to estimate the effective population size (Ne) as well as the rate of inbreeding (?F). This preliminary survey indicated that there was a change in the distribution of the Pelung chicken, in which Garut Regency has the largest population number of Pelung, with 5664 birds of all ages. In this study, Pelung chickens in different areas had high Ne (267-569), and the ?F can be considered fairly low (0.09-0.19). The results of the study are probably the first documentation of the population number of Pelung chickens in at least ten years. This research is the initial study that forms the basis for conducting a comprehensive survey on the Pelung chicken. This study offers an upper limit result of Ne, so that accurate diversity parameter such as using genomic information is required.
Spatial distribution of mangrove health index on three genera dominated zones in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: SUGIANA I PUTU , ANDIANI ANAK AGUNG EKA , DEWI I GUSTI AYU ISTRI PRADNYANDARI , KARANG I WAYAN GEDE ASTAWA , AS-SYAKUR ABD. RAHMAN , DHARMAWAN I WAYAN EKA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Sugiana IP, Andiani AAE, Dewi IGAIP, Karang IWGA, As-Syakur AR, Fharmawan IWE. 2022. Spatial distribution of mangrove health index on three genera dominated zones in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3407-3418. A study of mangrove forest stratification was conducted in Benoa Bay which experienced high coastal development pressures during the last decade. The study aimed to determine mangrove health index distribution (MHI) and forest community structures along three genera-dominated zones which were Sonneratia, Rhizophora and Bruguiera. Random forest method was applied to classify the areas of distributed genera along the bay. Forest structure was assessed with 54 plots. The forest was mainly composed of Rhizophora and Sonneratia-dominated zones in a respective forest area proportion at approximately 51% and 45%. Those zones were dominated by R. mucronata and S. alba with an importance value index (IVI) at 266.35% and 145.57%, respectively. A narrow Bruguiera zone composed of B. gymnorrhiza domination was found in the most landward area, only covering 4% of the mangrove area. Overall accuracy and a kappa coefficient indicated high accuracy of forest classification at 97% and 0.94 respectively. We found that 47.44% of mangrove areas could be classified into the highest healthiness category indicating that the mangrove forest in Benoa Bay is in excellent condition. The Rhizophora zone made a significant contribution to the entire forest state since the excellent category coverage in this zone was approximately 73.80%.
Diversity and richness of day Butterflies species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in the Chettaba Forest, Constantine, Northeastern Algeria
Authors: Frahtia Khalida , Ramzy Attar Mohamed , Diabi Chakib
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Frahtia K, Attar MR, Diabi C. 2022. Diversity and richness of day butterflies species (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera) in the Chettaba Forest, Constantine, Northeastern Algeria. Biodiversitas 23: 3429-3436. In order to balance the lack of data concerning lepidopteran fauna in the region of Constantine (northeastern Algeria), a preliminary inventory has been drawn up in that region. This work was led during the 2021 spring season at the Chettaba Forest, where three stations were chosen: The 'Aleppo pine forest', the low matorral and the high matorral. Data collection required one outing per week for each site, during which specimens were collected and/or enumerated. A total of 815 specimens from 15 species belonging to 3 families were recorded: Pieridae (6 species), Lycaenidae (5 species), and Nymphalidae (4 species). The low and the high matorrals were the richest stations, with 15 species for the former and 11 species for the latter, but only 10 species were observed in the 'Aleppo pine forest'. The highest centesimal and occurrence frequencies were recorded for Pieris rapae in all three stations. The low matorral proved to be the most diversified station (H´: 3.00 bits) because of an important heterogeneity and quality of the habitat due to the biological post-fire rise that makes it richer in nectar-bearing plants, which is important for butterfly concentration.
Physiological and ultrastructural studies of Jatropha curcas and Reutealis trisperma in response to gold-mine tailings
Authors: PRASETYA DAVINA NATHANIA , HAMIM HAMIM , SULISTYANINGSIH YOHANA CAECILIA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Prasetya DN, Hamim, Sulistyaningsih YC. 2022. Physiological and ultrastructural studies of Jatropha curcas and Reutealis trisperma in response to gold-mine tailings. Biodiversitas 23: 3471-3479. Heavy metal contamination through tailings from mining pollutes the environment and harms human health. This study aimed to analyze physiological, especially ultrastructural changes and the photosynthetic activities of Jatropha curcas and Reutealis trisperma in response to gold mine tailings. J. curcas and R. trisperma were grown in 8 kg of polybags and treated with 0%, 50%, and 100% gold mine tailings for three months before examining their morphological, physiological, and leaf ultrastructure. The results showed that gold mine tailings with 50% and 100% concentrations affected the growth of both species. This was indicated by reduced plant height, total leaf number, shoot, root dry weight, and decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Furthermore, treatment of gold mine tailing at 50% and 100% induced lipid peroxidation, indicated by the significant increase in leaf malondialdehyde content. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates at 90 days after treatment decreased with the increase in gold mine tailings concentration. The leaf ultrastructure analysis showed high-level tailings of treatment-induced ultrastructure alteration of J. curcasand R. trisperma. However, these changes did not significantly affect the photosynthesis rate, hence the plants survived until the end of the observation period. The overall effect of tailings on R. trisperma was lower than on J. curcas, suggesting that R. trisperma had higher adaptability than J. curcas.
Morphological characteristic of malaria vector Anopheles aconitus (Family: Culicidae) revealed by advanced light and scanning electron microscope
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Soviana Susi , Novianto Dimas , Musyaffa Muhammad Falikhul , Tan Suriyani , Hadi Upik Kesumawati
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Supriyomo, Soviana S, Novianto D, Musyaffa MF, Tan S, Hadi UK. 2022. Morphological characteristic of malaria vector Anopheles aconitus (Family: Culicidae) revealed by advanced light and scanning electron microscope. Biodiversitas 23: 3546-3552. Anopheles aconitus (An. aconitus) is one of the primary vectors for malaria in several areas in Indonesia, especially in Java Island. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful tool that can differentiate Anopheles spp. Morphology that is difficult to identify by using a light microscope only. The adult of An. aconitus used in this study have been reared in the laboratory. This research is conducted to better understand the Anopheles aconitus' external morphology, such as the head, proboscis, wings, thorax and legs, using advanced light and SEM. Results from an advanced light microscope showed that An. aconitus has palpus with the same length as proboscis with one narrow basal end and two broad distal ends; meanwhile, the apical half of proboscis is pale. Anopheles aconitus has wings with four pale spots on the costa side. Legs are uniformly dark with only very narrow, rather faint pale bands at the joining of segments. Using SEM, we found several types of sensilla trichodea: short-sharp tipped, short-blunt tipped, and long-shaped tipped in antenna, apical proboscis, maxillary palps, abdomen, and legs. Antenna is also covered with microtrichia and sensilla. This research is important for basic necessity in fully understanding and determining of mosquito bionomic due to the development of effective and efficient mosquito vector control strategies.
Detailed description of scanning electromagnetic microscope (SEM) of the Holothuria scabra’s ossicles (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) collected from Pesawaran waters, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: KHATULISTIANI TIARA S. , DEWI ARIYANTI S. , YASMAN YASMAN
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Khatulistiani TS, Dewi AS, Yasman. 2022. Detailed description of scanning electromagnetic microscope (SEM) of the Holothuria scabra’s ossicles (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) collected from Pesawaran waters, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3697-3704. Ossicles are the microscopic calcified endoskeleton that are unique across sea cucumber species. Furthermore, their integrity is maintained after physical and chemical processes that make them a desired attribute for identification purposes.  Understanding ossicle characteristic especially for the sandfish H. scabra juvenilles is important during mariculture and prevent fraud due to their high economic value. This study aims to identify wild H. scabra ossicles from Pesawaran waters, Lampung Province, Indonesia using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) to get more detailed morphology of their ossicles. Seven specimens of H. scabra were collected in Pesawaran, Sari Ringgung and Mutun, around Pesawaran waters. Morphology identification were carried out by observing the body appearance and tentacles of the specimens as well as measuring their weights and lengths. The observation of the ossicles was performed using a light microscope (LEICA ICC50 HD) at 400x magnification and a SEM (Jeol-JCM6000). The length of the tested specimens were around 140-300 mm and their weight were approximately 99-579 g. These two parameters were found to exhibit positive correlation (R2 = 0.93; R= 0.96; p = 0.000). All observed specimens displayed peltate tentacles (12-22 tentacles) surrounding their mouths. The correlation between length and tentacle numbers was also positive (R2= 0.53; R= 0.73; p = 0.101). The shape of the ossicles consist of six to fourteen-hole buttons, tables, spiny perforated plates from the cloaca, tube foot rods, tentacle rods, dorsal rods, dorsal perforated spiny rods, I shaped and branched rods.
Screening of yeast isolates for the biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: NURHALIMAH NURHALIMAH , MUHIBUDDIN ANTON , SYIB’LI MUHAMMAD AKHID
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Nurhalimah, Muhibuddin A, Syib’li MA. 2022. Screening of yeast isolates for the biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii. Biodiversitas 23: 3820-3826. Sclerotium rolfsii is a fungal pathogen that can reduce peanut production. Biological control with yeast antagonist offers an environment friendly control for this pathogen. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify yeast antagonists, and to study their antagonistic mechanism and potential to control the peanut disease caused by S. rolfsii. The study was conducted from October 2020 to May 2021. The study consisted of four stages: isolation and identification of yeasts, yeasts antagonist testing against S. rolfsii, molecular identification of yeast NH4, and scanning electron microscope observation of NH4 against S. rolfsii. Based on the research, four different yeast isolates were isolated, identified, and found able to be developed as a biological control agent to inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii. Identification showed that NH1 was Saccharomyces sp. with inhibitory percentage of 9,26%, NH2 was Candida sp. with 22,21% inhibition of, NH3 Pichia sp. with 11,11% inhibition of, and NH4 was Wickerhamomyces sp. with an inhibitory percentage of 32,96%. The results of the yeast antagonism mechanism showed that NH1 (Saccharomyces sp.) and NH3 (Pichia sp) had not showed any mechanism while, NH2 (Candida sp.) had a competition and NH4 (Wickerhamomyces sp.) had an antibiosis mechanism. NH4 can suppress the growth of S. rolfsii by more than 30%, which has been identified as species of Wickerhamomyces sp. (NH4) with 99.84% homology with Wickerhamomyces anomalus CBS 5759 with accession number MH545921.1.
Habitat preferences and site fidelity of Tarsius supriatnai in agricultural area and secondary forest of Popayato-Paguat Landscape (Gorontalo, Indonesia)
Authors: Zakaria Zuliyanto , Abinawanto Abinawanto , Angio ‪Melisnawati H. , Supriatna Jatna
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Zakaria Z, Abinawanto, Angio MH, Supriatna J. 2022. Habitat preferences and site fidelity of Tarsius supriatnai in agricultural area and secondary forest of Popayato-Paguat Landscape (Gorontalo, Indonesia). Biodiversitas 23: 3844-3851. Tarsius supriatnai is a new species experiencing a declining population trend due to deforestation. This study aims to determine the microhabitat preferences and site fidelity of T. supriatnai in the agricultural areas and secondary forests of the Popayato-Paguat landscape, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Measuring important value index (IVI) conducted by vegetation analysis of the nest tree location found in the two habitats was carried out using a quadrat method in seedling, sapling, pole, and tree forms. In addition, temperature and light intensity around the nest tree was also measured. The results showed that in the habitat of agricultural areas, the plant with the highest IVI was not the nest tree. Meanwhile, in the secondary forest habitat, the plant with the highest IVI at the tree form (Ficus virens) was the nest tree used by T. supriatnai. The diversity value of the H’ and E index showed that the two habitats were in the high to moderate. There was no significant difference in temperature and light intensity between the two habitat types. The results also showed that T. supriatnai mostly used the nest tree of Bambusa vulgaris (26.32%) in the agriculture area and Schizostachyum lima and Calamus zollingeri (28.57%) in the secondary forest. A survey was conducted to evaluate site fidelity to several nest trees found in 2018. The result revealed that T. supriatnai still uses 42.9% of nest trees.
August 2022 Imaging Case of the Month: It’s All About Location
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA, Gotway Michael
Published: August 2022

No abstract available. Manuscript truncated after 150 words. A 78–year–old man with a history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement on anticoagulation presented to the Emergency Room with a 2-month history of cough and exertional shortness of breath. He denied fever, chills, nausea, and chest pain. The patient had undergone three COVID-19 vaccines, the most recent 3 months earlier. He had noted some recent bruising, but denied any recent trauma. The patient’s past medical history also included a history of prostate carcinoma 10 years earlier treated with radiation therapy. The patient’s past surgical history was remarkable for remote vasectomy, endoscopic sinus surgery and percutaneous aortic valve replacement. He was a former smoker and reported no allergies or illicit drug use; alcohol use was at most moderate, consisting of an occasional beer. The patient’s medications included a statin, warfarin, and metoprolol. The patient’s physical examination showed normal vital signs and was remarkable …
Comparative study of OCTA algorithms with a high-sensitivity multi-contrast Jones matrix OCT system for human skin imaging
Authors: Chen Guoqiang , Wang Wen’ai , Li Yanqiu
Published: August 2022

The multi-contrast Jones matrix OCT (JMT) system can not only improve the tissue-specific contrast but also enhance the sensitivity of detecting flow, which is gaining increasing attention. However, for the JMT system, there is currently a lack of studies evaluating and guiding the selection of suitable angiography algorithms to map the most appealing quality of angiograms for clinical use. In this paper, by a homemade high-sensitivity multi-contrast JMT system based 200 kHz swept source, the performance of two complex-signal-based OCTA methods that are insensitive to phase instability and one amplitude-signal-based OCTA method are compared for in-vivo imaging of human skin qualitatively and quantitatively. Six metrics, including vascular connectivity, image contrast-to-noise ratio, image signal-to-noise ratio, vessel diameter index, blood vessel density, and processing time, are assessed. The results show that the vascular networks processed by all OCTA methods and the texture of skin could be visualized simultaneously and markedly. Additionally, the complex-signal-based OCTA methods successfully suppress phase instabilities and even outperform the amplitude-signal-based OCTA algorithm in some indicators. This paper has a certain guiding significance for selecting an appropriate angiography algorithm and expanding the application field with this system.
Performance of improved mode diversity reception for free-space optical communication under atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Wang Feng , Qiu Cong , Chen Yue , Hu Guijun
Published: August 2022

This paper first proposes and verifies two simplified mode diversity receivers (MDRs) for free-space optical (FSO) communication systems under moderate-to-strong turbulence. The MDRs are designed and implemented for coherent detection of the FSO communication system based on few-mode-fiber (FMF) coupling. The first MDR replaces the coherent receiver with a Kramers–Kronig (KK) receiver, which reduces the number of photodetectors (PDs) and high-speed analog-to-digital converters by 3/4. The second MDR realizes few-mode KK detection by utilizing a few-mode local oscillator and only one PD. This method simplifies the system of a MDR to the extreme. Experimental results show that the average received power of a FSO communication system based on six-mode fiber has approximately 6 dB gain compared with the one based on single-mode fiber (SMF) under moderate-to-strong turbulence. The two proposed MDRs have approximate performance, improving by 5 dB to 6 dB compared to SMF-based heterodyne detection under moderate-to-strong turbulence. In addition, the simplified schemes reduce the volume and the cost of the optical receiver, and it has some practical significance for FSO communication.
Ancestral SARS-CoV-2, but not Omicron, replicates less efficiently in primary pediatric nasal epithelial cells
Authors: Zhu Yanshan , Chew Keng Yih , Wu Melanie , Karawita Anjana C. , McCallum Georgina , Steele Lauren E. , Yamamoto Ayaho , Labzin Larisa I. , Yarlagadda Tejasri , Khromykh Alexander A. , Wang Xiaohui , Sng Julian D. J. , Stocks Claudia J. , Xia Yao , Kollmann Tobias R. , Martino David , Joensuu Merja , Meunier Frédéric A. , Balistreri Giuseppe , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Bowen Asha C. , Kicic Anthony , Sly Peter D. , Spann Kirsten M. , Short Kirsty R.
Published: August 2022

Children typically experience more mild symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) when compared to adults. There is a strong body of evidence that children are also less susceptible to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with the ancestral viral isolate. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has been associated with an increased number of pediatric infections. Whether this is the result of widespread adult vaccination or fundamental changes in the biology of SARS-CoV-2 remain to be determined. Here, we use primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from children and adults, differentiated at an air–liquid interface to show that the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 replicates to significantly lower titers in the NECs of children compared to those of adults. This was associated with a heightened antiviral response to SARS-CoV-2 in the NECs of children. Importantly, the Delta variant also replicated to significantly lower titers in the NECs of children. This trend was markedly less pronounced in the case of Omicron. It is also striking to note that, at least in terms of viral RNA, Omicron replicated better in pediatric NECs compared to both Delta and the ancestral virus. Taken together, these data show that the nasal epithelium of children supports lower infection and replication of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, although this may be changing as the virus evolves.
A framework for macroscopic phase-resetting curves for generalised spiking neural networks
Authors: Dumont Grégory , Pérez-Cervera Alberto , Gutkin Boris
Published: August 2022

Brain rhythms emerge from synchronization among interconnected spiking neurons. Key properties of such rhythms can be gleaned from the phase-resetting curve (PRC). Inferring the PRC and developing a systematic phase reduction theory for large-scale brain rhythms remains an outstanding challenge. Here we present a theoretical framework and methodology to compute the PRC of generic spiking networks with emergent collective oscillations. We adopt a renewal approach where neurons are described by the time since their last action potential, a description that can reproduce the dynamical feature of many cell types. For a sufficiently large number of neurons, the network dynamics are well captured by a continuity equation known as the refractory density equation. We develop an adjoint method for this equation giving a semi-analytical expression of the infinitesimal PRC. We confirm the validity of our framework for specific examples of neural networks. Our theoretical framework can link key biological properties at the individual neuron scale and the macroscopic oscillatory network properties. Beyond spiking networks, the approach is applicable to a broad class of systems that can be described by renewal processes.
Phototrophy and carbon fixation in Chlorobi postdate the rise of oxygen
Authors: Ward L. M. , Shih Patrick M.
Published: August 2022

While most productivity on the surface of the Earth today is fueled by oxygenic photosynthesis, for much of Earth history it is thought that anoxygenic photosynthesis—using compounds like ferrous iron or sulfide as electron donors—drove most global carbon fixation. Anoxygenic photosynthesis is still performed by diverse bacteria in niche environments today. Of these, the Chlorobi (formerly green sulfur bacteria) are often interpreted as being particularly ancient and are frequently proposed to have fueled the biosphere during late Archean and early Paleoproterozoic time before the rise of oxygenic photosynthesis. Here, we perform comparative genomic, phylogenetic, and molecular clock analyses to determine the antiquity of the Chlorobi and their characteristic phenotypes. We show that contrary to common assumptions, the Chlorobi clade is relatively young, with anoxygenic phototrophy, carbon fixation via the rTCA pathway, and iron oxidation all significantly postdating the rise of oxygen ~2.3 billion years ago. The Chlorobi therefore could not have fueled the Archean biosphere, but instead represent a relatively young radiation of organisms which likely acquired the capacity for anoxygenic photosynthesis and other traits via horizontal gene transfer sometime after the evolution of oxygenic Cyanobacteria.