bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data-driven subtyping of Parkinson’s disease: comparison of current methodologies and application to the Bochum PNS cohort
Authors: Chen Qiang , Scherbaum Raphael , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Mosig Axel , Zella Samis , Tönges Lars
Published: March 2023

Considerable efforts have been made to better describe and identify Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes. Cluster analyses have been proposed as an unbiased development approach for PD subtypes that could facilitate their identification, tracking of progression, and evaluation of therapeutic responses. A data-driven clustering analysis was applied to a PD cohort of 114 subjects enrolled at St. Josef-Hospital of the Ruhr University in Bochum (Germany). A wide spectrum of motor and non-motor scores including polyneuropathy-related measures was included into the analysis. K-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering were performed to identify PD subtypes. Silhouette and Calinski–Harabasz Score Elbow were then employed as supporting evaluation metrics for determining the optimal number of clusters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to determine the relevance of each score for the clusters’ definition. Three PD cluster subtypes were identified: early onset mild type, intermediate type, and late-onset severe type. The between-cluster analysis consistently showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01), except for one of the scores measuring polyneuropathy (Neuropathy Disability Score; P = 0.609) and Levodopa dosage (P = 0.226). Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Non-motor Symptom Questionnaire (NMSQuest), and the MDS-UPDRS Part II were found to be crucial factors for PD subtype differentiation. The present analysis identifies a specific set of criteria for PD subtyping based on an extensive panel of clinical and paraclinical scores. This analysis provides a foundation for further development of PD subtyping, including k-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering.

Trial registration: DRKS00020752, February 7, 2020, retrospectively registered.
The role of social cognition in mental health trajectories from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Tsomokos Dimitris I. , Flouri Eirini
Published: March 2023

We investigated the association between an aspect of Theory of Mind in childhood, false-belief understanding, and trajectories of internalising (emotional and peer) and externalising (conduct and hyperactivity) problems in childhood and adolescence. The sample was 8408 children from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study, followed at ages 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 years. Social cognitive abilities were measured at 5 and 7 years through a vignette version of the Sally–Anne task administered by an unfamiliar assessor in a socially demanding dyadic interaction. Internalising and externalising problems were measured via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 7–17 years. Using latent growth modelling, and after controlling for sex, ethnicity, maternal education, verbal ability, and time-varying family income, we found that superior social cognitive abilities predicted a decrease in emotional problems over time. In sex-stratified analyses, they predicted decreasing conduct problem trajectories in females and lower levels of conduct problems at baseline in males.
The tumor-nerve circuit in breast cancer
Authors: Cui Qiuxia , Jiang Dewei , Zhang Yuanqi , Chen Ceshi
Published: March 2023

It is well established that innervation is one of the updated hallmarks of cancer and that psychological stress promotes the initiation and progression of cancer. The breast tumor environment includes not only fibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes but also neurons, which is increasingly discovered important in breast cancer progression. Peripheral nerves, especially sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves, have been reported to play important but different roles in breast cancer. However, their roles in the breast cancer progression and treatment are still controversial. In addition, the brain is one of the favorite sites of breast cancer metastasis. In this review, we first summarize the innervation of breast cancer and its mechanism in regulating cancer growth and metastasis. Next, we summarize the neural-related molecular markers in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In addition, we review drugs and emerging technologies used to block the interactions between nerves and breast cancer. Finally, we discuss future research directions in this field. In conclusion, the further research in breast cancer and its interactions with innervated neurons or neurotransmitters is promising in the clinical management of breast cancer.
Promotion of Exercise and Health for Older People in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study on the Potential, Experiences and Strategies of General Practitioners in Germany
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael
Published: March 2023

In advanced age, physical activity becomes an important element in maintaining one’s individual health. GPs are considered to be well suited for advising and attending to older patients according to the principles of (preventive) healthcare. The subject was examined in the context of a study that determined options for action, experiences and strategies relating to the physical activation of older patients by GPs. Between 2021 and 2022, 76 semi-standardised interviews amongst GPs were conducted in all federal states of Germany. The data were evaluated by qualitative content analysis. The category system includes: importance of promoting physical activity; focus of exercise counselling; procedure of counselling; overview of exercise offers and cooperation with healthcare stakeholders; challenges and optimisation approaches. Many interviewees were aware of the significance of promoting health and exercise among older persons. Some physicians paid attention to identifying suitable activities for patients and motivating them to participate on a long-term basis. Cooperations with local health stakeholders have been identified. The interviewees recognised various challenges, which were mainly attributable to the lack of structures for health promotion. Several of the GPs lacked an overview of the physical activity programmes. GPs should assume an active role in exercise and health promotion for older patients. For them to be able to refer their patients effectively to exercise opportunities offered, it will be of importance to integrate the GP setting into a community-based network of prevention. Training measures could support the GP team to refer to the value of physical activity and address need-based recommendations.
Biased Random Walk on Spanning Trees of the Ladder Graph
Authors: Gantert Nina , Klenke Achim
Published: March 2023

We consider a specific random graph which serves as a disordered medium for a particle performing biased random walk. Take a two-sided infinite horizontal ladder and pick a random spanning tree with a certain edge weight c for the (vertical) rungs. Now take a random walk on that spanning tree with a bias $$\beta >1$$

β
>
1

to the right. In contrast to other random graphs considered in the literature (random percolation clusters, Galton–Watson trees) this one allows for an explicit analysis based on a decomposition of the graph into independent pieces. We give an explicit formula for the speed of the biased random walk as a function of both the bias $$\beta $$
β
and the edge weight c. We conclude that the speed is a continuous, unimodal function of $$\beta $$
β
that is positive if and only if $$\beta < \beta _c^{(1)}$$

β
<

β
c

(
1
)

for an explicit critical value $$\beta _c^{(1)}$$

β
c

(
1
)

depending on c. In particular, the phase transition at $$\beta _c^{(1)}$$

β
c

(
1
)

is of second order. We show that another second order phase transition takes place at another critical value $$\beta _c^{(2)}<\beta _c^{(1)}$$

β
c

(
2
)

<

β
c

(
1
)

that is also explicitly known: For $$\beta <\beta _c^{(2)}$$

β
<

β
c

(
2
)

the times the walker spends in traps have second moments and (after subtracting the linear speed) the position fulfills a central limit theorem. We see that $$\beta _c^{(2)}$$

β
c

(
2
)

is smaller than the value of $$\beta $$
β
which achieves the maximal value of the speed. Finally, concerning linear response, we confirm the Einstein relation for the unbiased model ($$\beta =1$$

β
=
1

) by proving a central limit theorem and computing the variance.
Detection and genetic characterization of circoviruses in more than 80 bat species from eight countries on four continents
Authors: Vidovszky Márton Z. , Kapitány Szilvia , Gellért Ákos , Harrach Balázs , Görföl Tamás , Boldogh Sándor A. , Kohl Claudia , Wibbelt Gudrun , Mühldorfer Kristin , Kemenesi Gábor , Gembu Guy-Crispin , Hassanin Alexandre , Tu Vuong Tan , Estók Péter , Horváth Anna , Kaján Győző L.
Published: March 2023

Several bat-associated circoviruses and circular rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viruses have been described, but the exact diversity and host species of these viruses are often unknown. Our goal was to describe the diversity of bat-associated circoviruses and cirliviruses, thus, 424 bat samples from more than 80 species were collected on four continents. The samples were screened for circoviruses using PCR and the resulting amino acid sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The majority of bat strains were classified in the genus Circovirus and some strains in the genus Cyclovirus and the clades CRESS1 and CRESS3. Some strains, however, could only be classified at the taxonomic level of the order and were not classified in any of the accepted or proposed clades. In the family Circoviridae, 71 new species have been predicted. This screening of bat samples revealed a great diversity of circoviruses and cirliviruses. These studies underline the importance of the discovery and description of new cirliviruses and the need to establish new species and families in the order Cirlivirales.
The role of the personal relevance of images in retrieving autobiographical memories for emotion regulation: A randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Fernández-Pérez D. , Ros L. , Latorre J. M.
Published: March 2023

Little is known about what types of positive specific autobiographical memory-inducing images are most effective in regulating emotions. This study analyses the effectiveness of personal relevance of images associated with specific positive autobiographical memories as a method of emotional regulation. The sample comprised 263 participants (179 women), divided into a group of young adults (N = 139) aged 18–28 years and a group of older persons (N = 124) aged 65 years and over. In a randomized controlled trial study, participants were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions based on the type of image used (images of International Affective Picture System (IAPS), images of places and personal photographs). Negative mood was induced by viewing a film clip. Positive mood induction was subsequently conducted through the presentation of six images (according to the group) associated with specific positive autobiographical memories. Changes in mood state were measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before and after each induction. SPSS 28.0 (IBM) statistical software was used for the data analysis. The positive mood induction procedure repaired participants’ mood state, increasing positive affect and decreasing negative affect. The older adults showed a greater increase in positive affect while their younger counterparts recorded a greater decrease in negative affect. The three types of images were equally effective in augmenting positive affect. Regarding the reduction in negative affect, the personal photographs scored highest in the group of young adults, while, in the older group, the IAPS images were the most effective. The findings of this study show that using images associated with positive specific autobiographical memories is an effective mood induction method. Consequently, the use of such images might be effective in interventions designed to enhance emotion regulation and reduce depressive symptomatology.
Trace Amounts of Triple-Functional Additives Enable Reversible Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries from a Comprehensive Perspective
Authors: Chen Ruwei , Zhang Wei , Huang Quanbo , Guan Chaohong , Zong Wei , Dai Yuhang , Du Zijuan , Zhang Zhenyu , Li Jianwei , Guo Fei , Gao Xuan , Dong Haobo , Zhu Jiexin , Wang Xiaohui , He Guanjie
Published: March 2023

Although their cost-effectiveness and intrinsic safety, aqueous zinc-ion batteries suffer from notorious side reactions including hydrogen evolution reaction, Zn corrosion and passivation, and Zn dendrite formation on the anode. Despite numerous strategies to alleviate these side reactions have been demonstrated, they can only provide limited performance improvement from a single aspect. Herein, a triple-functional additive with trace amounts, ammonium hydroxide, was demonstrated to comprehensively protect zinc anodes. The results show that the shift of electrolyte pH from 4.1 to 5.2 lowers the HER potential and encourages the in situ formation of a uniform ZHS-based solid electrolyte interphase on Zn anodes. Moreover, cationic NH4+ can preferentially adsorb on the Zn anode surface to shield the “tip effect” and homogenize the electric field. Benefitting from this comprehensive protection, dendrite-free Zn deposition and highly reversible Zn plating/stripping behaviors were realized. Besides, improved electrochemical performances can also be achieved in Zn//MnO2 full cells by taking the advantages of this triple-functional additive. This work provides a new strategy for stabilizing Zn anodes from a comprehensive perspective.
Repetitive Negative Thinking as a Central Node Between Psychopathological Domains: a Network Analysis
Authors: Zagaria Andrea , Ballesio Andrea , Vacca Mariacarolina , Lombardo Caterina
Published: March 2023

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) may be defined as a reiterative, passive and uncontrollable thinking process. RNT has been recognized as a transdiagnostic phenomenon associated with the onset and maintenance of several clinical conditions including depression, generalised anxiety, psychosis and insomnia. We aimed to estimate a network model of mutual associations between RNT and the aforementioned indicators whilst controlling for other well-established transdiagnostic factors (i.e. perceived stress, loneliness). A total of 324 participants (Mage = 25.26 years, SD = 6.89; 69.3% females) completed a cross-sectional survey of self-report questionnaires. A Gaussian graphical model was estimated using the graphical LASSO in combination with the extended Bayesian information criterion. We found a dense network in which RNT exhibited substantial connections with the majority of the psychopathological domains. The centrality indices confirmed that RNT was one of the most important nodes in the network. Moreover, the estimated network showed satisfactory accuracy and stability. Findings emphasized RNT as a potentially good therapeutic target for psychopathology prevention and treatment protocols.
LightCSPNet: A Lightweight Network for Image Classification and Objection Detection
Authors: Wang Chuan , Liu Qiang , Li Yusheng , Gao Mingwang
Published: March 2023

In recent years, computer vision and convolutional neural networks have been gradually applied in embedded devices. However, due to the limitation of hardware, the inference speed of many high-precision algorithms is very slow, which requires high performance hardware. In this study, a lightweight network called LightCSPNet is proposed for image classification and object detection. LightCSPNet is built by stacking four identical modules, each of which has adopted an improved CSP (Cross-Stage-Partial-connections) structure for channel number expansion. The special inverse residual structure is constructed for feature extraction, and the transformer modules are added in the proposed model. In this study, the typical defect detection in industry is adopted as testing platform, and a defect dataset consisting of 12 categories including cloth, road, bridge, steel and etc., was constructed for image classification. Compared with MobileNetV3, our model has almost the same accuracy, but the number of parameters and GFLOPs (Giga Floating-point Operations Per Second) have been, respectively, reduced to 88% and 36% for ImageNet100 and the dataset we built. In addition, compared with MobileNetV2 and MobileNetV3 for VOC2012 dataset in object detection, LightCSPNet obtained 0.4% and 0.6% mAP (Mean Average Precision) improvement respectively, and the inference speed on CPU was twice as fast.
cDCD organ donation pathway of Romagna Local Health Authority: strategic planning, organizational management, and results
Authors: Circelli Alessandro , Antonini Marta Velia , Nanni Andrea , Prugnoli Manila , Gamberini Emiliano , Maitan Stefano , Gecele Claudio , Viola Lorenzo , Bissoni Luca , Scognamiglio Giovanni , Mezzatesta Luca , Bergamini Carlo , Gobbi Luca , Meca Manlio Cosimo Claudio , Sangiorgi Gabriela , Bisulli Marcello , Spiga Martina , Pransani Veruska , Liuzzi Daria , Fantini Valentina , Catena Fausto , Russo Emanuele , Agnoletti Vanni
Published: March 2023

The introduction of pathways to enrol deceased donors after cardio-circulatory confirmation of death (donation after circulatory death, DCD) is expanding in many countries to face the shortage of organs for transplantation. The implementation of normothermic regional reperfusion (NRP) with warm oxygenated blood is a strategy to manage in-situ the organs of DCD donors. This approach, an alternative to in-situ cold preservation, and followed by prompt retrieval and cold static storage and/or ex-vivo machine perfusion (EVMP), could be limited to abdominal organs (A-NRP) or extended to the thorax (thoraco-abdominal, TA-NRP. NRP is also referred to as extracorporeal interval support for organ retrieval (EISOR). The use of EISOR is increasing in Europe, even if variably regulated. A-NRP has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing the risk associated with transplantation of abdominal organs from DCD donors, and was recommended by the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) in a recent consensus document. We aim to explain how we select the candidates for DCD, to describe our regionalized model for implementing EISOR provision, and to introduce the health care professionals involved in this complex process, with their strictly defined roles, responsibilities, and boundaries. Finally, we report the results of our program, recruiting cDCD donors over a large network of hospitals, all pertaining to a Local Health Authority (Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, AUSL) in Romagna, Italy.
An Equity Blindspot: The Incidence of Regulatory Costs
Authors: Cecot Caroline
Published: March 2023

The Biden administration has made equity a priority when issuing regulations, encouraging agencies to ensure that their regulations appropriately benefit and do not inappropriately burden disadvantaged groups. But scholarly examinations of agencies’ practices to date on understanding the distributional consequences of their regulations and on promoting equity have revealed significant gaps. In particular, agencies pay very little attention to the incidence of the costs of their regulations. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, for example, rarely considers the incidence of regulatory costs among disadvantaged groups, despite being an agency that conducts relatively complete benefit–cost analyses and explicitly analyzes environmental justice implications of its regulations. But this cost-blindness is a mistake; it presents a missed opportunity to use the current equity-focused momentum to make real improvements for disadvantaged groups that could have long-lasting effects. This essay calls for agencies to give more attention to the incidence of regulatory costs in order to identify needs and opportunities for grants and investments to disadvantaged groups. This approach could provide much-needed direction for a program like the Biden administration’s Justice40 initiative.
Promoting Equity through Equitable Risk Tradeoffs
Authors: Kniesner Thomas J. , Viscusi W. Kip
Published: March 2023

The impact and economic merits of President Biden’s Executive Order 13985 on equity depend on how the executive order is implemented. While policy discussion to date has focused on equitable outcomes, we propose framing risk equity policies in terms of equitable risk tradeoff rates based on six policy guidelines. The starting point for ex ante evaluation of equity for mortality risk policies should be the symmetric application of the value of a statistical life (VSL) to all groups. Because of the substantial heterogeneity in VSLs by income and demographic characteristics, symmetric tradeoff rates generate subsidies and deficits relative to private values of risk. Efforts to provide for distributional preferences should be grounded in an understanding of the differentials already provided through application of a uniform VSL. Targeting government programs to specific groups ex ante should be coupled with estimates of the efficiency loss based on symmetric tradeoff rates and the implicit tradeoff rate ratio relative to the average VSL needed to support the redistributive policy. Here, we propose equity guidance that could be incorporated in a revised version of Office of Management and Budget Circular A-4. We contrast the ex ante equity guidance approach with the ex post risk equity evaluation procedure that is incorporated in the Biden Administration’s recently proposed Justice40 plan, where 40% of the benefits of existing programs must be targeted to certain minority groups without ex post examination of their cost effectiveness either feasible or currently planned.
Biharmonic almost complex structures
Authors: He Weiyong
Published: March 2023

This project uses methods in geometric analysis to study almost complex manifolds. We introduce the notion of biharmonic almost complex structure on a compact almost Hermitian manifold and study its regularity and existence in dimension four. First, we show that there always exists smooth energy-minimizing biharmonic almost-complex structures for any almost Hermitian four manifold. Then, we study the existence problem where the homotopy class is specified. Given a homotopy class

$[\tau ]$

of an almost complex structure, using the fact

$\pi _4(S^2)=\mathbb {Z}_2$

, there exists a canonical operation p on the homotopy classes satisfying

$p^2=\text {id}$

such that

$p([\tau ])$

and

$[\tau ]$

have the same first Chern class. We prove that there exists an energy-minimizing biharmonic almost complex structure in the companion homotopy classes

$[\tau ]$

and

$p([\tau ])$

. Our results show that, When M is simply connected, there exists an energy-minimizing biharmonic almost complex structure in the homotopy classes with the given first Chern class.
Do Remittances Contribute to Presidential Instability in Latin America?
Authors: Acevedo Jesse
Published: March 2023

Are Latin American presidents at greater risk for removal in remittance-dependent countries? Departing from the debate about whether remittances produce democratic or autocratic outcomes, this article asks whether remittances contribute to presidential removals, which are an important characteristic of Latin American democracies since the Third Wave. It uses questions about supporting a military coup under high corruption and crime scenarios to gauge remittance recipients’ support for early removal of a president. It finds that remittances create a constituency that tolerates military coups. Using data from Martínez (2021), the analysis also shows that remittances increase the risk of removal for presidents who face a greater number of scandals; but remittances do not pose this threat under poor economic performance.
Dietary nano-Se supplementation regulates lipid deposition, protein synthesis and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with high-fat diet
Authors: Liu Sha , Yu Haibo , Zhu Lingwei , Zhang Xiaotian , Li Pengju , Wang Chi , Liu Guohao , He Pan , Zhang Cheng , Ji Hong
Published: March 2023

The current study aims to confirm the positive effects of dietary nano-Se on nutrients deposition and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with high-fat diet (HFD) before overwintering and to reveal its possible molecular mechanism. The lipid deposition, protein synthesis and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with regular diet (RD), HFD or HFD supplemented with nano-Se (0·3 or 0·6 mg/kg) for 60 d were tested. Results show that nano-Se significantly reduced lipid content, dripping loss and fibre diameter (P < 0·05), but increased protein content, post-mortem pH24 h and muscle fibre density (P < 0·05) in muscle of grass carp fed with HFD. Notably, dietary nano-Se decreased lipid deposition in the muscle by regulating amp-activated protein kinase activity and increased protein synthesis and fibre formation in muscle by activating target of rapamycin and myogenic determining factors pathways. In summary, dietary nano-Se can regulate the nutrients deposition and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with HFD, which exhibit potential benefit for improving flesh quality of grass carp fed with HFD.
The novel use of an advanced thrombectomy system to manage a complex pericardial effusion associated with kaposiform lymphangiomatosis
Authors: Soszyn Natalie , Leahy Ryan , Morgan Gareth J.
Published: March 2023

A 4-year-old boy presented to our institution with pancytopenia, consumptive coagulopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and recurrent complex pericardial effusion secondary to kaposiform lymphagiomatosis. Due to extensive loculation, conventional drainage was minimally effective. As an adjunct to medical therapy, the Indigo™ aspiration system was used to remove thrombus within the pericardial space. Our patient had good medium-term results with complete resolution of his pericardial effusion at 4 months.
THE EISENSTEIN IDEAL OF WEIGHT k AND RANKS OF HECKE ALGEBRAS
Authors: Deo Shaunak V.
Published: March 2023

Let p and
$\ell $
be primes such that
$p> 3$
and
$p \mid \ell -1$
and k be an even integer. We use deformation theory of pseudo-representations to study the completion of the Hecke algebra acting on the space of cuspidal modular forms of weight k and level
$\Gamma _0(\ell )$
at the maximal Eisenstein ideal containing p. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the
$\mathbb {Z}_p$
-rank of this Hecke algebra to be greater than
$1$
in terms of vanishing of the cup products of certain global Galois cohomology classes. We also recover some of the results proven by Wake and Wang-Erickson for
$k=2$
using our methods. In addition, we prove some
$R=\mathbb {T}$
theorems under certain hypotheses.
High‐Resolution Coccolithophore Morphological Changes in Response to Orbital Forcings During the Early Oligocene
Authors: Ma Ruigang , Jin Xiaobo , Liu Chuanlian
Published: March 2023

The global climate of the early Oligocene was characterized by initiated Antarctic glaciation and meridional overturning circulation, which then led to profound eutrophication in the upper ocean. Generating a high‐resolution coccolith record helps to understand the responses of marine phytoplankton to the newly established environment. Using highly resolved (∼6 kyr time‐resolution) marine sediment samples from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 522 in the South Atlantic Ocean, we conducted a comprehensive morphological study on coccoliths from the genera Reticulofenestra, Dictyococcites, and Coccolithus, which dominated the study interval between ∼33.1 and 32.8 Ma. Our results showed that the size variations of the three measured genera were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with each other, indicating homogeneous responses to the environmental changes. Moreover, spectrum analysis on integrated morphologic data of all measured coccoliths showed distinct obliquity (∼40‐kyr) and precession (∼23‐kyr and ∼18‐kyr) cycles. We suggest that these variations were mainly driven by temperate, short‐term ecological fluctuations, which periodically altered the nutrient conditions in the common living habitats of the studied coccolithophores. We proposed two tentative explanations focusing on the obliquity signal. First, the cyclic variation could result from obliquity‐modulated changes in ice volume and variations in ocean circulation intensity, which influenced nutrient export from deep waters to the upper ocean. Alternatively, the changes in coccolith size may indicate the strength of seasonality that influenced upper ocean mixing on the west coast of South Africa.
High‐Resolution Records of Millennial‐Scale East Asian Winter Monsoon in the Shelf Sea of Eastern China
Authors: Shi Yong , Xu Xiaomei , Yang Guang , Du Jiabi , Lv Jixuan , Zhang Shuo , Liu Shengjing , Liu Tao , Zhang Zhenyu , Gao Shu , Gao Jianhua
Published: March 2023

The evolution of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) during the Holocene remains controversial because of the lack of reliable proxies. In this study, a link between cross‐front transport and the EAWM was found in the North Yellow Sea, and the EAWM intensity could be imprinted in the leaked sediment, which permits reliable reconstruction of the EAWM on well‐preserved offshore deposition. By comparison with instrumental data, the wind speed of the EAWM since 4.4 ka was quantitatively reconstructed for the first time at high resolution (∼5 yr). The results show that the EAWM gradually weakened in the mid‐to‐late Holocene, which was likely controlled by solar insolation, and that there has been a negative relationship between the EAWM and temperature on the centennial scale since ∼2.0 ka; this relationship was reversed by increasing CO2 emissions during the Current Warm Period.
RCM Modeling of Bubble Injections Into the Inner Magnetosphere: Spectral Properties of Plasma Sheet Particles
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Sina , Yang Jian , Toffoletto Frank , Wolf Richard , Mousavi Ameneh , Espinoza C. M.
Published: March 2023

Collisionless astrophysical plasmas are correlated systems in which particles are often not in thermal equilibrium and can be characterized by power‐law distributions. The kappa distribution function, which is a more generalized form of the power‐law function, is often used to describe acceleration and production of high‐energy particles in different space plasma environments. The spectra of particles in the Earth's plasma sheet constructed using Time History of Events and Mesoscale Interactions during Substorms data show that the kappa index exhibits a strong dawn‐dusk asymmetry and a clear dependence on both geocentric distance and magnetic local time. Furthermore, statistics indicate that spectrum hardening, or softening is expected during geomagnetically disturbed periods. To understand how the shape of the particle distribution function evolves and what factors affect the kappa index, we simulate earthward plasma transport using a kinetic drift model. In the simulations, the plasma distribution is initially considered to be a kappa function with . However, with time, both protons and electrons' distribution functions evolve and deviate from their initial shapes. We demonstrate that by implementing transient low‐entropy plasma injections, the Rice Convection Model average distribution functions can reasonably agree with observations. We also discuss the relative impact of gradient/curvature drift, particle loss, and bubble injections, based on controlled numerical experiments.
Qualitative Dissolution Modeling of Etch‐Pit Formation on the K‐Feldspar Surface Through Phase‐Field Approach
Authors: Kumar Akash , Prajapati Nishant , Späth Michael , Busch Benjamin , Schneider Daniel , Hilgers Christoph , Nestler Britta
Published: March 2023

Reservoir quality of sandstones can be controlled by the dissolution of minerals such as K‐feldspar. The present work investigates the impact of dissolution of K‐feldspar (Orthoclase) on the resulting porosity and permeability of sandstones using a thermodynamically consistent multiphase‐field model. Two novel aspects of this research are: (a) identification and calibration of interfacial surface energy and kinetics related model parameters based on existing literature, to account for the formation and growth of diamond‐shaped etch‐pits during dissolution, and (b) the workflow for three‐dimensional modeling of dissolution at sub‐micrometer scale within individual feldspar grains, followed by up‐scaling the phenomenon to a multigrain pack analogous to sandstone. The simulated dissolution, when visualized in the relevant planes, show clear similarities with microphotographs of natural samples and previous numerical works, in terms of facet‐formation and merging of the etch‐pit morphologies. For the computation of permeability, computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed for grain packs at different stages of dissolution. Finally, the generated data‐sets were analyzed to study the impact of rock properties including a fraction of feldspar grains and their crystallographic orientation on the porosity, permeability and their correlations, for sandstones undergoing K‐feldspar dissolution. At the same porosity, sandstones containing a greater proportion of K‐feldspar grains are expected to have greater permeabilities. The devised workflow for model calibration and up‐scaling complimented by the innovative post‐processing and visualization techniques can be adapted to study dissolution of other minerals in different rocks.
Influence of Viscous Lubricant on Nucleation and Propagation of Frictional Ruptures
Authors: Paglialunga F. , Passelègue F. , Latour S. , Gounon A. , Violay M.
Published: March 2023

Fluids are pervasive in the Earth's crust and saturate fractures and faults. The combination of fluids and gouge layers developing along faults can generate fluids of different viscosities. Such viscous fluids were found to influence the reactivation, frictional stability of faults, and eventually the dynamics of propagating earthquake ruptures. We reproduced laboratory earthquakes on analog material (PMMA) to study the influence of viscous lubricant on fault frictional stability, rupture nucleation, and propagation under mixed lubrication conditions. Experiments were conducted in dry conditions, and with fluids presenting a viscosity ranging from 1 to 1,000 mPa.s. Through photoelasticity, high‐frequency strain gauge sensors, and accelerometer measurements, we obtained new insights about the influence of lubricant on a characteristic nucleation length, rupture propagation velocity, and local slip and slip rate evolution during the reproduced frictional ruptures. Our experiments show that the presence of a lubricant generating mixed lubricated conditions along the fault induces, (a) a reduction of the frictional resistance, (b) an increase in nucleation length, (c) a decrease in the fracture energy. In addition, the larger the viscosity of the fluids, the larger the reduction of frictional strength and the increase in the nucleation length. Moreover, ruptures occurring under mixed lubricated conditions showed a pulse‐like rather than crack‐like behavior, suggesting that viscous lubrication can induce the transition from crack‐like to pulse‐like rupture along natural faults. We demonstrate, supported by existing theory, that this transition is mainly governed by the stress acting on the fault at the onset of nucleation, which is drastically reduced in presence of a lubricant.
How Well Does 4‐km WRF Model Predict Three‐Dimensional Reflectivity Structure Over China as Compared to Radar Observations?
Authors: Zhu Kefeng , Xue Ming , Yang Nan , Zhang Chenyue
Published: March 2023

The performance of 4‐km Weather Research and Forecasting model in predicting reflectivity structure in China over three summer months is investigated using three‐dimensional (3D) reflectivity observations. Three verification domains, namely Southern China (SC), Central and Eastern China , and North China, that correspond to the three major rainfall centers of mainland China are selected. Results show that the forecasts reproduce the distribution and diurnal variation of precipitation well, but significant differences exist in the vertical distributions of the predicted and observed reflectivities. In observations, the highest frequency (of reflectivity ≥35 dBZ) occurs between 3 and 6 km, whereas it is at the surface in the forecast. The forecasts tend to over‐predict reflectivity intensity at the lower levels, especially in SC. Further evaluation using object‐based verification methods show that the forecasts greatly underestimate the afternoon peak frequency of precipitation clouds with reflectivity >30 dBZ. The forecasts fail to reproduce the diurnal variation of 35 dBZ mean and maximum height of the objects, producing less variation than observations. Analyses show that the failure in properly reproducing small‐scale reflectivity objects (with diameter <100 km) is primarily responsible for the underestimation of the mean and maximum object heights. Evaluation using additional 3D information show that the forecasts tend to produce a greater proportion of faster‐moving small‐scale objects. This study reveals that the simulation of the 3D structure of precipitation clouds in terms of reflectivity remains a great challenge, especially for smaller convective cells.
The Climate Response to the Mt. Pinatubo Eruption Does Not Constrain Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Pauling Andrew G. , Bitz Cecilia M. , Armour Kyle C.
Published: March 2023

The climate response to the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic eruption is analyzed using large ensembles of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) historical simulations. In contrast to previous work, we find that standard measures of the global temperature response to volcanic forcing are not significantly correlated with climate sensitivity across models. Isolating the shortwave response due to non‐cloud effects does not improve the correlation with climate sensitivity. Earlier constraints on climate sensitivity based on the response to Mt. Pinatubo are consistent with having arisen by chance because of the small size of the ensembles used. Our results suggest that the response to Mt. Pinatubo cannot be used to constrain the climate sensitivity to increased greenhouse gas concentrations, as has been proposed, because the radiative feedbacks in response to volcanic eruptions are not well correlated with the feedbacks governing the long‐term response to greenhouse gas forcing.
circPTPN12 promotes the progression and sunitinib resistance of renal cancer via hnRNPM/IL-6/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Shou Yi , Yue Changjie , Wang Qi , Liu Jingchong , Xu Jiaju , Miao Qi , Liu Di , Yang Hongmei , Liu Yuenan , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: March 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by the difficulties in early diagnosis and the propensity to metastases. For advanced RCC, sunitinib targeted therapy is the clinically recommended first-line drug and the major challenge of sunitinib treatment is adaptive resistance. Therefore, it is imperative to research the mechanisms underlying sunitinib resistance. In this study, we discovered that circPTPN12 was highly expressed in RCC tissues and was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. circPTPN12 could promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and sunitinib resistance of RCC cells. Mechanistically, circPTPN12 was found to form a complex with hnRNPM, which was involved in the regulation of mRNA processing. The combination with circPTPN12 enhanced the ability of hnRNPM to maintain the stability of IL-6 mRNA and further activated the STAT3 signaling pathway. The study revealed that circPTPN12/hnRNPM/IL-6/STAT3 axis promoted RCC progression and sunitinib resistance, which might be a promising therapeutic target for relieving sunitinib resistance in RCC.
USP18 is an essential regulator of muscle cell differentiation and maturation
Authors: Olie Cyriel Sebastiaan , Pinto-Fernández Adán , Damianou Andreas , Vendrell Iolanda , Mei Hailiang , den Hamer Bianca , van der Wal Erik , de Greef Jessica C. , Raz Vered , Kessler Benedikt M.
Published: March 2023

The ubiquitin proteasomal system is a critical regulator of muscle physiology, and impaired UPS is key in many muscle pathologies. Yet, little is known about the function of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in the muscle cell context. We performed a genetic screen to identify DUBs as potential regulators of muscle cell differentiation. Surprisingly, we observed that the depletion of ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) affected the differentiation of muscle cells. USP18 depletion first stimulated differentiation initiation. Later, during differentiation, the absence of USP18 expression abrogated myotube maintenance. USP18 enzymatic function typically attenuates the immune response by removing interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) from protein substrates. However, in muscle cells, we found that USP18, predominantly nuclear, regulates differentiation independent of ISG15 and the ISG response. Exploring the pattern of RNA expression profiles and protein networks whose levels depend on USP18 expression, we found that differentiation initiation was concomitant with reduced expression of the cell-cycle gene network and altered expression of myogenic transcription (co) factors. We show that USP18 depletion altered the calcium channel gene network, resulting in reduced calcium flux in myotubes. Additionally, we show that reduced expression of sarcomeric proteins in the USP18 proteome was consistent with reduced contractile force in an engineered muscle model. Our results revealed nuclear USP18 as a critical regulator of differentiation initiation and maintenance, independent of ISG15 and its role in the ISG response.
Nodal promotes colorectal cancer survival and metastasis through regulating SCD1-mediated ferroptosis resistance
Authors: Wu Tianqi , Wan Jian , Qu Xiao , Xia Kai , Wang Fangtao , Zhang Zichao , Yang Muqing , Wu Xiaocai , Gao Renyuan , Yuan Xiaoqi , Fang Lin , Chen Chunqiu , Yin Lu
Published: March 2023

Re-expression of an embryonic morphogen, Nodal, has been seen in several types of malignant tumours. By far, studies about Nodal’s role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain limited. Ferroptosis is essential for CRC progression, which is caused by cellular redox imbalance and characterized by lipid peroxidation. Herein, we observed that Nodal enhanced CRC cell’s proliferative rate, motility, invasiveness, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vivo and in vitro. Notably, Nodal overexpression induced monounsaturated fatty acids synthesis and increased the lipid unsaturation level. Nodal knockdown resulted in increased CRC cell lipid peroxidation. Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) inhibition at least partially abolished the resistance of Nodal-overexpressing cells to RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, SCD1 was transcriptionally up-regulated by Smad2/3 pathway activation in response to Nodal overexpression. Significant Nodal and SCD1 up-regulation were observed in CRC tissues and were associated with CRC metastasis and poor clinical outcomes. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin nanoparticles/si-Nodal nanocomplexes targeting Nodal had anti-tumour effects on CRC progression and metastasis. This research elucidated the role of Nodal in CRC development and revealed a potential gene-based therapeutic strategy targeting Nodal for improving CRC treatment.
Bioelectrocatalysis with a palladium membrane reactor
Authors: Kurimoto Aiko , Nasseri Seyed A. , Hunt Camden , Rooney Mike , Dvorak David J. , LeSage Natalie E. , Jansonius Ryan P. , Withers Stephen G. , Berlinguette Curtis P.
Published: March 2023

Enzyme catalysis is used to generate approximately 50,000 tons of value-added chemical products per year. Nearly a quarter of this production requires a stoichiometric cofactor such as NAD+/NADH. Given that NADH is expensive, it would be beneficial to regenerate it in a way that does not interfere with the enzymatic reaction. Water electrolysis could provide the proton and electron equivalent necessary to electrocatalytically convert NAD+to NADH. However, this form of electrocatalytic NADH regeneration is challenged by the formation of inactive NAD2dimers, the use of high overpotentials or mediators, and the long-term electrochemical instability of the enzyme during electrolysis. Here, we show a means of overcoming these challenges by using a bioelectrocatalytic palladium membrane reactor for electrochemical NADH regeneration from NAD+. This achievement is possible because the membrane reactor regenerates NADH through reaction of hydride with NAD+in a compartment separated from the electrolysis compartment by a hydrogen-permselective Pd membrane. This separation of the enzymatic and electrolytic processes bypasses radical-induced NAD+degradation and enables the operator to optimize conditions for the enzymatic reaction independent of the water electrolysis. This architecture, which mechanistic studies reveal utilizes hydride sourced from water, provides an opportunity for enzyme catalysis to be driven by clean electricity where the major waste product is oxygen gas.
Electron transfer rules of minerals under pressure informed by machine learning
Authors: Li Yanzhang , Wang Hongyu , Li Yan , Ye Huan , Zhang Yanan , Yin Rongzhang , Jia Haoning , Hou Bingxu , Wang Changqiu , Ding Hongrui , Bai Xiangzhi , Lu Anhuai
Published: March 2023

Electron transfer is the most elementary process in nature, but the existing electron transfer rules are seldom applied to high-pressure situations, such as in the deep Earth. Here we show a deep learning model to obtain the electronegativity of 96 elements under arbitrary pressure, and a regressed unified formula to quantify its relationship with pressure and electronic configuration. The relative work function of minerals is further predicted by electronegativity, presenting a decreasing trend with pressure because of pressure-induced electron delocalization. Using the work function as the case study of electronegativity, it reveals that the driving force behind directional electron transfer results from the enlarged work function difference between compounds with pressure. This well explains the deep high-conductivity anomalies, and helps discover the redox reactivity between widespread Fe(II)-bearing minerals and water during ongoing subduction. Our results give an insight into the fundamental physicochemical properties of elements and their compounds under pressure.
Myeloid-associated differentiation marker is an essential host factor for human parechovirus PeV-A3 entry
Authors: Watanabe Kanako , Oka Tomoichiro , Takagi Hirotaka , Anisimov Sergei , Yamashita Shun-ichi , Katsuragi Yoshinori , Takahashi Masahiko , Higuchi Masaya , Kanki Tomotake , Saitoh Akihiko , Fujii Masahiro
Published: March 2023

Human parechovirus (PeV-A) is an RNA virus that belongs to the family Picornaviridae and it is currently classified into 19 genotypes. PeV-As usually cause mild illness in children and adults. Among the genotypes, PeV-A3 can cause severe diseases in neonates and young infants, resulting in neurological sequelae and death. In this study, we identify the human myeloid-associated differentiation marker (MYADM) as an essential host factor for the entry of six PeV-As (PeV-A1 to PeV-A6), including PeV-A3. The infection of six PeV-As (PeV-A1 to PeV-A6) to human cells is abolished by knocking out the expression of MYADM. Hamster BHK-21 cells are resistant to PeV-A infection, but the expression of human MYADM in BHK-21 confers PeV-A infection and viral production. Furthermore, VP0 capsid protein of PeV-A3 interacts with one extracellular domain of human MYADM on the cell membrane of BHK-21. The identification of MYADM as an essential entry factor for PeV-As infection is expected to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of PeV-As.