bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae DJ-1 paralogs maintain genome integrity through glycation repair of nucleic acids and proteins
Authors: Susarla Gautam , Kataria Priyanka , Kundu Amrita , D’Silva Patrick
Published: September 2022

Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as methylglyoxal and glyoxal are potent glycolytic intermediates that extensively damage cellular biomolecules leading to genetic aberration and protein misfolding. Hence, RCS levels are crucial indicators in the progression of various pathological diseases. Besides the glyoxalase system, emerging studies report highly conserved DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily proteins as critical regulators of RCS. DJ-1 superfamily proteins, including the human DJ-1, a genetic determinant of Parkinson’s disease possess diverse physiological functions paramount for combating multiple stressors. Although S. cerevisiae retains four DJ-1 orthologs (namely Hsp31, Hsp32, Hsp33, and Hsp34), their physiological relevance and collective requirement are still obscure due to their close sequence similarity. Here, we report for the first time that the yeast DJ-1 orthologs function as novel enzymes involved in the preferential scavenge of glyoxal and methylglyoxal, toxic metabolites, and genotoxic agents. At the cellular level, their collective loss induces chronic glycation of the proteome, and nucleic acids, resulting in a spectrum of genetic mutations and reduced mRNA translational efficiency. Furthermore, the Hsp31 paralogs efficiently repair severely glycated macromolecules derived from carbonyl modifications. They also participate in genome maintenance as their absence upregulates DNA damage response pathways when exposed to different genotoxins. Interestingly, yeast DJ-1 orthologs provide robust organellar protection by redistributing into mitochondria to alleviate the glycation damage of mitochondrial DNA and proteins. Taken together, our study uncovers the existence of a novel glycation repair pathway in S. cerevisiae and a possible neuroprotective mechanism of how hDJ-1 confers mitochondrial health during carbonyl stress.
The NanoLuc Assay System for Accurate Real-Time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Protein Import within Intact Mammalian Cells
Authors: Needs Hope I , Pereira Gonçalo C. , Henley Jeremy M , Collinson Ian
Published: September 2022

Only a few proteins (13 in humans) are encoded by the mammalian mitochondrial genome. Therefore, the other mitochondrial resident proteins (>1000) must be recruitedviaspecialised import pathways. Protein import is critical for mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic function and health; loss of function has been implicated with a wide range of pathologies. Despite this, our understanding of the kinetic and dynamics of import is somewhat limited, particularly within mammalian cells. Here, we report an adaptation of an assay system, established previously to monitor mitochondrial import into isolated yeast mitochondria, to quantitatively monitor mitochondrial import inside mammalian cells. The reporting is based on a split luciferase, whereby the large fragment is segregated in the mitochondrial matrix and the small complementary fragment is fused to the C-terminus of a recombinant precursor protein destined for import. Following import successively through the TOM complex of the outer membrane and the TIM23 complex of the inner membrane, the complementary fragments combine to form an active luciferase. The resultant luminescent signal provides a sensitive, accurate, free of noise and continuous measure of protein import, enabling mathematical model fitting to identify and understand the steps that make up import. This advance allows detailed mechanistic examination of the transport process in live cells. In addition, the assay will enable characterisation of the protein import when the machinery is challenged; for example, in situations associated with disease. Moreover, the assay is compatible with high throughput for large data set collection and kinetic modelling, as well as for drug screening and characterisation. Our set-up also has the potential to be adapted for the analysis of alternative transport systems and different cell types, and even for multicellular model organisms.
N-linked glycosylation increases horse radish peroxidase rigidity leading to enhanced activity and stability
Authors: Ramakrishnan Krithika , Johnson Rachel L. , Winter Sam D. , Worthy Harley L. , Thomas Chris , Humer Diana , Spadiut Oliver , Hindson Sarah H. , Wells Stephen , Barratt Andrew H. , Menzies Georgina E. , Pudney Christopher R. , Jones D. Dafydd
Published: September 2022

Glycosylation is the most prevalent protein post-translational modification, with a quarter of glycosylated proteins having enzymatic properties. Yet the full impact of glycosylation on the protein structure-function relationship, especially in enzymes, is still limited. Here we show glycosylation rigidifies the important commercial enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which in turn increases its activity and stability. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that glycosylation increased holo-HRP’s thermal stability and promoted significant helical structure in the absence of haem (apo-HRP). Glycosylation also resulted in a 10-fold increase in enzymatic turnover towards o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride when compared to its non-glycosylated form. Utilising a naturally occurring site-specific probe of active site flexibility (Trp117) in combination with red-edge excitation shift fluorescence spectroscopy, we found that glycosylation significantly rigidified the enzyme. In silico simulations confirmed that glycosylation largely decreased protein backbone flexibility, especially in regions close to the active site and the substrate access channel. Thus, our data shows that glycosylation does not just have a passive effect on HRP stability but can exert long range effects that mediate the ‘native’ enzyme’s activity and stability through changes in inherent dynamics.
Antibiotic persistence does not cause phenotypic heterogeneity in tolerance of Escherichia coli to formaldehyde stress but can preserve it through time
Authors: Jordan Isaiah D. , Ticak Tomislav , Lee Jessica A. , Marx Christopher J.
Published: September 2022

The phenomenon of phenotypic heterogeneity, where an isogenic population expresses varying phenotypes, has been uncovered for an expanding variety of organisms and traits. This heterogeneity in phenotype can be physiologically relevant, such as the ability for antibiotic persistence to allow populations to survive lethal conditions due to rare cells being in a slow or non-growing state. Recently, it was discovered that Methylorubrum extorquens, a facultative methylotroph, possesses a continuous spectrum of phenotypic states conferring tolerance to formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is a toxin produced by M. extorquens during growth on methanol. The phenotypic tolerance allowed rapid growth on levels of formaldehyde which were lethal to the majority of the population. Transcriptomics indicated this may be due to upregulation of proteins that attenuate oxidative stress and protein damage rather than increasing formaldehyde oxidation to prevent accumulation. These data suggested that heterogeneity to formaldehyde stress may be present even in non-methylotrophic organisms that do not routinely produce large quantities of formaldehyde, and thus widely distributed across bacteria. To investigate this, we tested Escherichia coli for heterogeneity to formaldehyde stress during growth on glucose. Like M. extorquens, E. coli populations have a wide, continuous range of formaldehyde tolerance thresholds and this tolerance was reversible. Several other features, however, were different from what was found for M. extorquens. Most E. coli growth occurred after formaldehyde levels had dropped, suggesting that persistence could be the cause. The dynamics of antibiotic persistence and formaldehyde tolerance were both tracked but found to not be correlated. On the other hand, the persister cell state can maintain formaldehyde tolerance. These data suggest that persistence can preserve phenotypic heterogeneities in other traits, further expanding its potential role in helping cells survive environmental stressors.
Emergence of Supercoiling-Mediated Regulatory Networks through the Evolution of Bacterial Chromosome Organization
Authors: Grohens Théotime , Meyer Sam , Beslon Guillaume
Published: September 2022

DNA supercoiling – the level of twisting and writhing of the DNA molecule around itself – plays a major role in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria by modulating promoter activity. The level of DNA supercoiling is a dynamic property of the chromosome, which varies both at local and global scales, in response to external factors such as environmental perturbations and to internal factors including gene transcription. As such, local variations in supercoiling could in theory couple the expression levels of neighboring genes by creating feedback loops between their transcription rates. However, the impact of such supercoiling-mediated interactions on the regulation of gene expression remains uncertain. In this work, we study how this coupling between transcription and supercoiling could shape genome organization and help regulate gene transcription. We present a model of genome evolution in which individuals whose gene transcription rates are coupled to supercoiling must adapt to two environments that induce different global supercoiling levels. In this model, we observe the evolution of whole-genome regulatory networks that provide control over gene expression by leveraging the transcription-supercoiling coupling, and show that the structure of these networks is underpinned by the organization of genes along the chromosome at several scales. Local variations in DNA supercoiling could therefore help jointly shape both gene regulation and genome organization during evolution.
Quantum analysis of P3a and P3b from auditory single trial ERPs differentiates borderline personality disorder from schizophrenia
Authors: Melkonian Dmitriy , Korner Anthony , Meares Russell , Harris Anthony
Published: September 2022

Traditional approaches to EEG modelling use the methods of classical physics to reconstruct scalp potentials in terms of explicit physical models of cortical neuron ensembles. The principal difficulty is that the multiplicity of cellular processes with an intricate array of deterministic and random factors prevents creation of consistent biophysical parameter sets. An original, empirically-testable solution has been recently achieved in our previous studies by a radical departure from the deterministic equations of classical physics to the probabilistic reasoning of quantum mechanics. This crucial step relocates elementary bioelectric sources of EEG signals from the cellular to the molecular level where positively and negatively ions are considered as elementary sources of electricity. The rationale is that despite dramatic differences in cellular machineries, statistical factors governed by the rules of central limit theorem produce EEG waveforms as a statistical aggregate of the synchronized activity of multiple closely-located microscale sources. Using the formalism of nonhomogeneous birth-and-death processes (BDP) the quantum models of microscale events are deduced and linked to the dynamics of macroscale EEG waveforms. This study expands these methods with new features for comprehensive analysis of event related potentials directly from single trials, i.e. the EEG segments which are closely related in timing to cognitive events. We derive a universal model of the components of single trial ERPs both in frequency and time domains. This, for the first time, enables us to quantify all significant cognitive components in single trial ERPs, providing an alternative to the traditional method of averaging. Given P300 as an important objective marker of psychiatric disorders, a methodology which reliably discloses the component compositions of this potential, may have specific diagnostic importance. In this study, reliable identification of the P3a and P3b components from an auditory oddball paradigm provided a means of differentiating borderline personality disorder from schizophrenia.
Fine-scale cultural variation reinforces genetic structure in England
Authors: Pichkar Yakov , Creanza Nicole
Published: September 2022

Genes and languages both contain signatures of human history. Genetics and culture have each been shown to track population movements and demographic history. Complicating this picture, cultural traits may themselves influence the ways in which people interact with one another. For example, cultural differences can produce barriers to gene flow if they cause groups of people to differentiate themselves from one another. However, the degree of cultural difference necessary and the magnitude of these effects on gene flow remain unknown. In particular, language differences may limit population mixing, and we focus on whether subtle, dialect-level linguistic differences have influenced genetic population structure, likely by affecting mating preferences. Here, we analyze spatially dense linguistic and genetic data to examine whether the intensity of differences between and within dialects in England are associated with high genetic rates of change. We find that genetic variation and dialect markers have similar spatial distributions on a country-wide scale, and become less distinct as the scale of smaller administrative units such as counties. This covariation, combined with the absence of geographic barriers that could coordinate cultural and genetic differentiation, suggests that some dialect-level linguistic boundaries have influenced the genetic population structure in England.
Effectiveness of online capacity building programs in wholistic development of faculties: an empirical analysis
Authors: Kumar Chetan , Rangappa K.B. , Suchitra S.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Faculties have a vital role to play in ensuring that their graduates are trained with relevant skills. Formally arranged capacity building programs (CBPs) can aid in training and retraining the faculties with relevant contemporary skills so that they in turn can do justice to their students. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficacy of such public-funded online CBPs in enhancing faculties’ research and teaching capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach

Ascientifically designed questionnaire was sent to faculties who attended 12-day public-funded online capacity building workshop. Binomial logistic regression models were constructed to analyze as to how effective the online workshop was in enhancing teaching and research skills of the faculties involved.

Findings

From the research study, the authors were able to infer that although faculties were able to understand theoretical concepts of qualitative nature relatively easily, the authors felt that its value addition in enhancing the research output was rather limited. The study also found that the faculties felt teaching concepts outside their “syllabus” to be counterintuitive. A significant finding of the study was that research had an important role in enhancing their teaching efficacy.

Originality/value

Studies which are undertaken to test the efficacy of online capacity building workshops are scarce. This domain is going to gain importance in near future as technology is evolving at a rapid rate and online training of faculties helps in optimizing scarce resources.
Industry 4.0: the future of manufacturing from the perspective of business and economics – a bibliometric literature review
Authors: Teixeira Josélia Elvira , Tavares-Lehmann Ana Teresa
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature on Industry 4.0 – and on the trends and implications of the digitalization of manufacturing – from the perspective of business and economics.

Design/methodology/approach

A bibliometric methodology was used, allowing to extract rigorously the relevant literature, leading to a purposefully constructed database of peer-reviewed publications depicting the state of the art in this area. A quantitative analysis of the key characteristics of – and trends emanating from – the literature was performed, and results were presented in a graphic way using the VOSViewer software as a mapping tool. Relevant thematic clusters were identified, and promising future research avenues were identified.

Findings

This literature is extremely recent – 90% of the publications are from 2019 and 2020, and the leading journal publishing in this area is theJournal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Key clusters identified relate digital transformation to value chains; a close link is observed between Industry 4.0 technologies and business models; a strong connection to sustainability is also clear; and the implications of Industry 4.0 for human resources management are, not surprisingly, extremely relevant.

Originality/value

This is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the most comprehensive systematic review linking specifically Industry 4.0 to the business and economics literature, bridging with recent, state-of-the-art research in the economics/business and technological fields. This contribution may be very helpful to researchers interested in understanding the key trends and opportunities offered by this area.
Evaluating the quality of public administration institutes’ websites in the Arab world
Authors: Ababneh Raed , Alrefaie Lamis
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the quality level of the leading three Public Administration Institutes’ (PAIs) websites in the Arab world.

Design/methodology/approach

A convenient sample of 203 Jordanian Government employees answered the questionnaire that assessed five quality dimensions (content, navigation, interface design, accessibility and educational purpose) for each website.

Findings

The website of PAI of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recorded a high level in all quality dimensions, whereas the website of PAI of Jordan recorded moderate quality in all dimensions except for accessibility; the website of PAI of Egypt recorded a high level in all quality dimensions except for the educational purpose. Based on the qualitative analysis, participants agreed that the PAI website has the best quality, accessibility, navigation and design compared with the Egyptian and the Jordanian PAIs websites.

Practical implications

Designers of PAI websites should consider end users’ needs and regularly assess the website’s usability. PAIs developers should also establish more interactive portals to provide transparent and effective electronic services to users. The findings are significant in helping policymakers better understand the importance of distance training and learning using websites and platforms.

Social implications

Developing a high-quality website enhances the relationship between the government and its employees, consequently establishing the credibility and trust of citizens in public services.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that measures the quality of PAI websites in the Arab world. The findings provide more cross-culture evidence for the e-government and digital literature in helping policymakers develop more technology interactive platforms.
Research on pedestrian detection based on multi-level fine-grained YOLOX algorithm
Authors: Wang Hong , Xie Yong , Tian Shasha , Zheng Lu , Dong Xiaojie , Zhu Yu
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to address the problems of low accuracy and missed detection of occluded pedestrians and small target pedestrians when using the YOLOX general object detection algorithm for pedestrian detection. This study proposes a multi-level fine-grained YOLOX pedestrian detection algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach

First, to address the problem of the original YOLOX algorithm in obtaining a single perceptual field for the feature map before feature fusion, this study improves the PAFPN structure by adding the ResCoT module to increase the diversity of the perceptual field of the feature map and divides the pedestrian multi-scale features into finer granularity. Second, for the CSPLayer of the PAFPN, a weight gain-based normalization-based attention module (NAM) is proposed to make the model pay more attention to the context information when extracting pedestrian features and highlight the salient features of pedestrians. Finally, the authors experimentally determined the optimal values for the confidence loss function.

Findings

The experimental results show that, compared with the original YOLOX algorithm, the AP of the improved algorithm increased by 2.90%, the Recall increased by 3.57%, and F1 increased by 2% on the pedestrian dataset.

Research limitations/implications

The multi-level fine-grained YOLOX pedestrian detection algorithm can effectively improve the detection of occluded pedestrians and small target pedestrians.

Originality/value

The authors introduce a multi-level fine-grained ResCoT module and a weight gain-based NAM attention module.
Transient-mixed lubrication model numerically for friction and wear of journal bearings under heavy load during start-up
Authors: Yan Kang , Li Hulin , Ding Ning , Jiang Dan , Meng Xianghui
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Friction and wear are very important factors in predicting the performance of journal bearings, particularly under heavy load in start-up processes. However, there are few relevant studies on the numerical model. This study aims to establish a transient-mixed lubrication model to predict the performance of journal bearings, focusing on the friction and wear behavior under heavy load during start-up.

Design/methodology/approach

The average Reynold equation, three-dimensional energy equation, shear stress model for friction and Archard model for wear are coupled in the transient model by finite difference method. The linear wear simulation method is bought out to reduce the update times and the calculation time.

Findings

The different start-up accelerations and linear wear times set are compared and discussed, which indicates a reasonable start-up acceleration is necessary for journal bearings under heavy load during start-up, and setting linear wear times is an effective method to reduce the simulation time significantly. Furthermore, the wear profile in the start-up process spreads in both the clearance and circumferential directions, but mainly in the clearance direction, which increases the minimum film thickness and affects the friction performance.

Originality/value

This study is of great significance for the numerical prediction of the transient performance of journal bearings during start-up considering friction and wear.
Bouncing forward or bouncing back? How family firms enact resilience in times of crisis
Authors: Mihotić Lucija , Raynard Mia , Sinčić Ćorić Dubravka
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The study aims to develop theoretical understanding about how family-run businesses navigate unexpected and highly disruptive events by examining how family-based resilience capacity is variously transformed into an organizational capability.

Design/methodology/approach

The study relies on a qualitative comparative case study design to explore how Croatian family-run businesses navigated market and operational disruptions brought on by the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and organizational data, this study compares how family-run businesses operating in different industries experienced and coped with disruptions. Using inductive qualitative coding methods, patterns across codes were identified and aggregated into dimensions that describe two broad approaches for leveraging family social capital in the enactment of organizational resilience.

Findings

The analysis shows that family-run businesses may employ family social capital in retrospective and prospective ways. A retrospective approach involves targeted and conservative uses of family social capital, wherein the aim is to maintain organizational functioning and return to “business as usual”. In contrast, a prospective approach employs these resources in a more strategic and flexible way to adapt to a “new” future. While both approaches can enable firms to successfully navigate crises, these approaches differ in terms of their temporal orientation and implications for marketing flexibility.

Originality/value

The study contributes to a better understanding of how family social capital can be differentially leveraged in times of crises, and how these differences may stem from having temporal orientations that focus on either preserving the past or adapting to new conditions. The study advances theorizing at the intersection of organizational resilience and family business by deepening understanding of the heterogeneity of ways in which family businesses manage change for long-term business continuity. For owners and managers of family-run business, the study provides insights into how unexpected disruptions can be managed and how businesses might respond to fast-changing market conditions.
Corruption and the curse of over-quantification
Authors: Prabowo Hendi Yogi
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The primary purpose of this exploratory paper is to propose a novel analytical framework for examining corruption from a behavioral perspective by highlighting multiple issues associated with quantification culture.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is part of the author’s exploratory study into the complex corruption phenomenon in Indonesia from a variety of viewpoints to obtain a better understanding of its nature and dynamics. By building on previous literature on quantification culture, audit culture and the corruption phenomenon, this paper explores the different issues related to overreliance on numbers and how they may have led to increased corruption, particularly in Indonesia. Using the Fraud Decision Scale framework, this paper also demonstrates how the quantification culture affects the cost-benefit analysis of corruption offenders. To develop the best anticorruption strategy and lay the groundwork for future anticorruption studies, this paper presents a fresh perspective on how to analyze and evaluate the corruption issue.

Findings

The author established that despite the benefits that quantification practices – such as indicators, scores, ratings and rankings – bring to societies and organizations, there is evidence that these practices can have unfavorable effects when used excessively or incorrectly. One of the adverse effects of quantification practices is over-quantification, which manifests as various inappropriate behaviors, including an excessive desire to acquire riches and material belongings. Additionally, the worship of ranks and status derived from quantitative evaluation processes has led many people to prioritize short-term objectives above long-term improvements. Eventually, these will cause organizations to lose productivity and make them susceptible to fraud and corruption. Future studies are needed to determine the most effective approach for mitigating over-quantification issues. In this exploratory paper, the author proposes balancing quantitative practices with qualitative knowledge to gradually alter people’s behavior by broadening their perspectives in perceiving various phenomena in the world, not only by describing and explaining them but also by comprehending their underlying meanings.

Research limitations/implications

This exploratory study is self-funded and relies primarily on documentary analysis to explore the corruption phenomenon in Indonesia. Future studies will benefit from in-depth interviews with former corruption offenders and investigators.

Practical implications

This exploratory paper contributes to the development of a sound corruption prevention approach by presenting a novel analytical framework for examining various behavioral problems linked with quantification culture that may lead to the escalation of corruption.

Originality/value

This study emphasizes the significance of understanding the structure and dynamics of quantification culture and their negative behavioral impacts on people to comprehend the corruption phenomenon better.
TikTok and the future of discovery
Authors: Fernandez Peter
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This column aims to explore the technology trends that the social media video service, TikTok, has leveraged in its rise in popularity.

Design/methodology/approach

It will review how the artificial intelligence, the short video and the proactive delivery of content work together to make TikTok successful and their implications for libraries.

Findings

Libraries both exist as part of a larger information landscape, and themselves seek to share relevant resources with users. As such they can benefit from a nuanced understanding of the technology trends that make TikTok so impactful.

Originality/value

It will help information professionals understand the relevant issues.
Deriving factors for library corporate social responsibility using thematic and weighting analysis
Authors: Abu Eid Emad , Hussin Ab Razak Che
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to derive factors in the context of library corporate social responsibility. Interest in implementing corporate social responsibility has also increased over time because of its association with core issues of fundamental value, especially in societal, environmental and ethical practices. Therefore, corporate social responsibility can help libraries accomplish their missions and goals.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used data from 80 studies from the literature between 2010 and 2020 analysed and reviewed to identify the components of library corporate social responsibility. To establish library corporate social responsibility factors, thematic and weighting analyses were adopted and implemented.

Findings

The study established that library corporate social responsibility comprises four main themes: community, workplace and employees, environment, and stakeholders, which include the nine best predicted factors that play a significant role in library corporate social responsibility.

Practical implications

The results of this study provide implications for librarians and academics about libraries' social responsibility and its themes and factors.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to derive the factors of library corporate social responsibility. Hence, the importance of identifying library corporate social responsibility factors and component will help libraries implement the best practices of the modern concept of corporate social responsibility.
Does financial efficiency contribute to improvement in energy efficiency? Evidence from BRICS and next 11 countries
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Chen , Li Rongrong
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study is aimed to measure the intertemporal financial efficiency of 16 emerging economy countries (BRICS and N-11) and further to investigate the mechanisms of financial development on energy efficiency covering the period 2008–2020.

Design/methodology/approach

The dynamic data envelopment analysis model is used to measure financial efficiency dynamically. The generalized method of moments is used to investigate the effects of financial efficiency on energy efficiency. In the proposed approach, energy efficiency is the dependent variable, whereas financial efficiency, GDP per capita, industrial structure upgrade index, urbanization level and export trade structure are the regressors. Generalized moment estimation is performed.

Findings

There is heterogeneity in the level of financial development at different stages of economic development. The impact of financial efficiency on energy efficiency is related to the type of industries to which financial institutions are allocated. With the financial development of emerging economies, enterprises in technology-intensive industries are becoming the main contributors to higher profits for financial institutions, the products and results of these enterprises reduce energy consumption and increase energy efficiency. In addition, residents with rising levels of wealth holdings prefer low-carbon and environmentally friendly products, which indirectly improves energy efficiency. Per capita GDP and urbanization have no significant impact on the energy efficiency of emerging economies. The optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure of emerging economies has played a role in promoting energy efficiency. The export trade structure has a restraining effect on energy efficiency.

Originality/value

The findings contribute value by supporting a positive link between Financial Development and Energy Efficiency in the emerging economies. Enterprises in technology-intensive industries have gradually become the main force that brings higher profits to financial institutions. The products and achievements of these enterprises will reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. The findings of this study provide emerging economies with an objective view of their financial development and energy efficiency, while also providing governments and policymakers with ways to improve energy efficiency and achieve sustainable development.
Using personality type to engage and retain remote, hybrid and office-based workers
Authors: Hackston John
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the attitudes to remote, hybrid and nonremote working, and how these are influenced by personality type and other factors. By understanding these relationships, recommendations for navigating the changing work environment can be developed.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 443 people, comprising a mix of remote, hybrid and nonremote workers, completed an anonymous online survey in which they were asked to provide their Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) type preferences, demographic information, views about their job and (as appropriate) information about their home working environment and views on remote working and/or their workplace environment and views on nonremote working and/or on issues specific to hybrid working.

Findings

Differences between employees’ preferred amount of remote working and the actuality of their job was a key determinant of whether they were thinking of leaving, suggesting that mandating a return to the workplace could result in the loss of valuable employees. Other factors included managerial support, workplace inclusion and the interaction of personality type. Personality-type considerations were also important in making the office an attractive place to return to, with Extraversion–Introversion a key area.

Originality/value

The MBTI framework is already widely used for leadership development, teambuilding and other applications. Taking personality type into consideration when planning the future of hybrid working in an organization allows human resources teams to build on existing knowledge to achieve a smooth transition.
Personality and leadership: how gender impacts perceptions of effectiveness
Authors: Snow Andrade Maureen
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Personality traits impact how leaders are perceived and how leaders perceive themselves. These views are subject to gender biases and stereotypes. This practitioner study aims to integrate leadership theories with research on agentic and communal personality qualities and the Big Five personality traits to establish how these impact perceptions of leader effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

Behavioral leadership theory and personality trait research offer insights into gender biases related to perceptions of leaders and leaders’ self-efficacy. This paper examines the literature in these areas to show how it informs the practice of leadership and the degree to which gender stereotypes are changing.

Findings

The review examines salient leadership qualities for women and men, finding that agentic qualities are still largely associated with men and communal qualities with women. It also illustrates that conscientiousness, openness to experience and extraversion are associated with leadership emergence for both genders but impact leader self-efficacy in different ways.

Originality/value

This paper integrates research to draw conclusions about how personality traits are gendered and how gender impacts perceptions of leader effectiveness.
Efficacy and safety of apremilast and phototherapy versus phototherapy only in psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Morita Akimichi , Yamaguchi Yukie , Tateishi Chiharu , Ikumi Kyoko , Yamamoto Aya , Nishihara Haruna , Hayashi Daisuke , Watanabe Yukihiko , Watanabe Yuko , Maruyama Ayano , Masuda Koji , Tsuruta Daisuke , Katoh Norito
Published: September 2022

Phototherapy and apremilast (oral phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitor) are well‐known in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris. However, current evidence on the efficacy and safety of their combination is not sufficient. This multicenter, randomized controlled study compared the efficacy and safety between phototherapy as monotherapy and phototherapy and apremilast as combination therapy in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris were assigned to combination (n = 29) and monotherapy (n = 13) groups. All patients underwent an 8‐week phototherapy regimen comprising irradiation with narrowband UV‐B. The patients in the combination group were also administered 10 mg to 60 mg of oral apremilast. We evaluated the improvement percentage based on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score from baseline to week 8. Additionally, we evaluated the percentage of patients who achieved ≥75% improvement; changes in body surface area (BSA) and scores of EuroQol 5‐dimensions 5‐level, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and visual analog scale for pruritis from baseline to 4 and 8 weeks; and adverse events. Compared with the monotherapy group, the combination group had significantly lower PASI scores at 4 and 8 weeks and more patients who achieved a PASI score improvement of ≥75% at 8 weeks. Both groups exhibited a significant decrease in BSA; at 8 weeks, no significant difference was observed between the two groups, although the combination group tended toward a greater reduction in BSA. The intergroup differences in the changes at the three time points were not significant. Adverse events were more frequent in the combination group than in the monotherapy group. Our findings suggest that an 8‐week combined apremilast and phototherapy regimen may not be adequate in patients for improvements in their subjective assessment of psoriasis, and longer treatment periods may be necessary.
Novel and classical morbilliviruses: Current knowledge of three divergent morbillivirus groups
Authors: Seki Fumio , Takeda Makoto
Published: September 2022

Currently, seven species of morbillivirus have been classified. Six of these species (Measles morbillivirus, Rinderpest morbillivirus, Small ruminant morbillivirus, Canine morbillivirus, Phocine morbillivirus, and Cetacean morbillivirus) are highly infectious and cause serious systemic diseases in humans, livestock, domestic dogs, and wild animals. These species commonly use the host proteins signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin‐4 as receptors, and this usage contributes to their virulence. The seventh species (Feline morbillivirus: FeMV) is phylogenetically divergent from the six SLAM‐using species. FeMV differs from the SLAM‐using morbillivirus group in pathogenicity and infectivity, and is speculated to use non‐SLAM receptors. Recently, novel species of morbilliviruses have been discovered in bats, rodents, and domestic pigs. Because the ability to use SLAM and nectin‐4 is closely related to the infectivity and pathogenicity of morbilliviruses, investigation of the potential usage of these receptors is useful for estimating infectivity and pathogenicity. The SLAM‐binding sites in the receptor‐binding protein show high similarity among the SLAM‐using morbilliviruses. This feature may help to estimate whether novel morbillivirus species can use SLAM as a receptor. A novel morbillivirus species isolated from wild mice diverged from the classified morbilliviruses in the phylogenetic tree, forming a third group separate from the SLAM‐using morbillivirus group and FeMV. This suggests that the novel rodent morbillivirus may exhibit a different risk from the SLAM‐using morbillivirus group, and analyses of its viral pathogenicity and infectivity toward humans are warranted.
Fulfilment: Crisis, discontinuity and the dark side of education
Authors: Friesen Norm , Hölterhof Tobias
Published: September 2022

The Oxford English Dictionary defines fulfilment as ‘satisfaction or happiness as a result of fully developing one's potential or realizing one's aspirations; self-fulfillment’. Not only has the idea of fulfilment underpinned ‘approximately twenty centuries of philosophy’ as Lefebvre notes, it plays an indispensable role in both popular and scholarly accounts of education and upbringing. Experiences of education, of upbringing and of ‘life lessons’, however, are so often not about the fulfilment of oneself, about the discovery and actualisation of one's full potential. Such experiences instead involve moments of sometimes irreparable failure and loss—a matter that has not received a great deal of attention in educational research and theory. After briefly examining the way that fulfilment is favourably framed both in humanistic psychology and in neo-humanist Bildungstheorie, this paper considers some of the exceptions to the nearly ubiquitous identification of education with fulfilment: Arthur Schopenhauer's view of the irrationality of human (developmental) experience and Ludwig Wittgenstein's use of the term ‘conditioning’ (Abrichtung) in some of his accounts of learning and socialisation. We then focus on failure and loss in education through an overview of the pedagogical theory of O.F. Bollnow. Bollnow, as is gradually being recognised in English-language scholarship, saw moments of uncertainty, disorientation and above all crisis as indispensable in educational experience—for both student and teacher. In this way, we show that instead of being the pursuit of self-fulfilment, education is unavoidably a matter of difficulty, disruption and also failure. It reshapes us, and this reshaping can be seen as being as much about formation as it is about deformation.
Formation characteristics of long‐term memory in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Yu Jin‐Xin , Hui Yan‐Min , Xue Jun‐Ao , Qu Jia‐Bao , Ling Si‐Quan , Wang Wei , Zeng Xin‐Nian , Liu Jia‐Li
Published: September 2022

Studies on insects have contributed significantly to a better understanding of learning and memory, which is a necessary cognitive capability for all animals. Although the formation of memory has been studied in some model insects, more evidence is required to clarify the characteristics of memory formation, especially long‐term memory (LTM), which is important for reliably storing information. Here, we explored this question by examining Bactrocera dorsalis, an agricultural pest with excellent learning abilities. Using the classical conditioning paradigm of the olfactory proboscis extension reflex (PER), we found that paired conditioning with multiple trials (>3) spaced with an intertrial interval (≥10 min) resulted in stable memory that lasted for at least 3 d. Furthermore, even a single conditioning trial was sufficient for the formation of a 2‐d memory. With the injection of protein inhibitors, protein‐synthesis‐dependent memory was confirmed to start 4 h after training, and its dependence on translation and transcription differed. Moreover, the results revealed that the dependence of memory on protein translation exhibited a time‐window effect (4–6 h). Our findings provide an integrated view of LTM in insects, suggesting common mechanisms in LTM formation that play a key role in the biological basis of memory.
Effect of sedative drug zolpidem tartrate on the development rate ofSarcophaga (Boettcherisca) peregrina(Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Al‐Mekhlafi Fahd A. , Al‐Khalifa Mohammed S. , Wadaan Muhammad A.
Published: September 2022

Applied entomotoxicology is the study of toxicants found in carrion insects and other matter, such as frass especially when body fluids or tissues cannot be used. The use of necropsy insects in medical and criminal investigations to detect toxicants has been done successfully. This study investigated the effect of the sedative drug zolpedim tartrate on the developmental rate and morphological parameters of the feeding and non‐feeding stages of the carrion insectSarcophaga peregrinaRobineau‐Desvoidy. Five cultures were prepared‐one control and four cultures containing different concentrations of zolpidem tartrate (1, 2, 3, and 4 ppm). A total of 80 larvae were kept in each culture and provided with finely chopped liver containing the respective concentrations daily. The results obtained showed significant variations in the morphological parameters of the feeding and non‐feeding stages, and negatively correlated with the concentrations compared with the control. The developmental time of the feeding and non‐feeding stages positively correlated with the concentration of zolpidem tartrate. The results obtained indicate that zolpidem tartrate retards larval development and alters the estimation of the total developmental duration. When analyzing the entomological evidence of whether zolpidem tartrate may be responsible for death, it is important to consider its effects on PMI estimation.
Quantitative monitoring of diverse fish communities on a large scale combining eDNA metabarcoding and qPCR
Authors: Pont Didier , Meulenbroek Paul , Bammer Vincenz , Dejean Tony , Erős Tibor , Jean Pauline , Lenhardt Mirjana , Nagel Christoffer , Pekarik Ladislav , Schabuss Michael , Stoeckle Bernhard C. , Stoica Elena , Zornig Horst , Weigand Alexander , Valentini Alice
Published: September 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an effective method for studying fish communities but allows only an estimation of relative species abundance (density/biomass). Here, we combine metabarcoding with an estimation of the total abundance of eDNA amplified by our universal marker (teleo) using a quantitative (q)PCR approach to infer the absolute abundance of fish species. We carried out a 2850‐km eDNA survey within the Danube catchment using a spatial integrative sampling protocol coupled with traditional electrofishing for fish biomass and density estimation. Total fish eDNA concentrations and total fish abundance were highly correlated. The correlation between eDNA concentrations per taxon and absolute specific abundance was of comparable strength when all sites were pooled and remained significant when the sites were considered separately. Furthermore, a nonlinear mixed model showed that species richness was underestimated when the amount of teleo‐DNA extracted from a sample was below a threshold of 0.65 × 106 copies of eDNA. This result, combined with the decrease in teleo‐DNA concentration by several orders of magnitude with river size, highlights the need to increase sampling effort in large rivers. Our results provide a comprehensive description of longitudinal changes in fish communities and underline our combined metabarcoding/qPCR approach for biomonitoring and bioassessment surveys when a rough estimate of absolute species abundance is sufficient.