bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experimental Electron Density Distribution in the Complex of (E)‐1,2‐Bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene with 1,4‐Diiodotetrafluorobenzene at 90 K
Authors: Bianchi Riccardo , Forni Alessandra , Pilati Tullio
Published: March 2003

The experimental electron density of the donor–acceptor complex of (E)‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) with 1,4‐diiodotetrafluorobenzene (F4DIB) at 90 K has been determined with the aspherical atom formalism and analyzed by means of the topological theory of molecular structure. The bpe and F4DIB molecules are connected by intermolecular I⋅⋅⋅N bonds into infinite 1D chains. F⋅⋅⋅H bonds link these chains together to form the crystal assembly. The topological analysis reveals that the CI bond is of the “closed shell” type. Its bond‐critical properties run parallel to those found in metal–metal and metal–ligand bonds of organometallic compounds. The integrated net charges show that the I⋅⋅⋅N halogen bond has an essentially electrostatic nature. F⋅⋅⋅F, F⋅⋅⋅C, and C⋅⋅⋅C intermolecular interactions, for which a bond path was found, contribute to reinforce the crystal structure.
Decreased immunoreactivity for p27 protein in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma is correlated with HER‐2/neu overexpression and with benefit from one course of perioperative chemotherapy in patients with negative lymph node status
Authors: Spataro Vito J. , Litman Heather , Viale Giuseppe , Maffini Fausto , Masullo Michele , Golouh Rastko , Martinez‐Tello Francisco J. , Grigolato Piergioranni , Shilkin Keith B. , Gusterson Barry A. , Castiglione‐Gertsch Monica , Price Karen , Lindtner Jurii , Cortés‐Funes Hernan , Simoncini Edda , Byrne Michael J. , Collins John , Gelber Richard D. , Coates Alan S. , Goldhirsch Aron
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to clarify the prognostic and predictive value of immunoreactivity for the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma and to investigate its relation with clinicopathologic features and other markers.

METHODS

Immunoreactivity for p27 protein was analyzed on tumor slides from 461 patients who were enrolled in the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial V (median follow‐up, 13 years), including 198 patients with lymph node negative disease and 263 patients with lymph node positive disease. Tumors with < 50% immunoreactive neoplastic cells were considered low expressors. Immunoreactivity for p27 was correlated with several clinicopathologic characteristics. Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival were analyzed according to p27 immunoreactivity and treatment group.

RESULTS

In the lymph node negative population, decreased p27 immunoreactivity was associated with higher tumor grade (P = 0.001) and HER‐2/neu overexpression (P = 0.04). In the lymph node positive population, low p27 expression was associated with higher tumor grade (P = 0.01), low expression of thymidylate synthase (P = 0.001), and higher Ki‐67 expression (P = 0.007). DFS was not significantly different according to p27 status in either lymph node negative patients (10‐year DFS: low p27 expression, 53% ± 5%; high p27 expression, 55% ± 5%) or in lymph node positive patients (10 year DFS: low p27 expression, 33% ± 4%; high p27 expression, 32% ± 4%). However, in the lymph node negative population, the benefit of one course of perioperative chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil was confined exclusively to patients with tumors that showed reduced p27 immunoreactivity (P = 0.03; test for interaction).

CONCLUSIONS

This analysis indicates that p27 immunoreactivity has little if any prognostic value in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma. However, these findings suggest that, in patients with breast carcinoma who have negative lymph node status, reduced p27 immunoreactivity is associated with HER‐2/neu overexpression and may be predictive of a benefit from the early administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 2003;97:1591–600. © 2003 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.11224
Patient satisfaction with treatment decisions for clinically localized prostate carcinoma. Results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study
Authors: Hoffman Richard M. , Hunt William C. , Gilliland Frank D. , Stephenson Robert A. , Potosky Arnold L.
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND

Men with early‐stage prostate carcinoma can choose aggressive treatment or conservative management. The authors used data from a population‐based cohort of men with clinically localized prostate carcinoma to describe satisfaction with treatment decisions 24 months after diagnosis and to examine the association of demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics with treatment satisfaction.

METHODS

The authors evaluated 2365 men with clinically localized prostate carcinoma, diagnosed between October 1994 and October 1995, in one of six Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results tumor registries and who were available for 24 month follow‐up. Medical record review and patient‐completed surveys provided demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data and measured treatment satisfaction. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with satisfaction.

RESULTS

Overall, 59.2% of subjects were delighted or very pleased with their treatment selection. The perception of being cancer free (66.4%), maintaining urinary (64.2%) and bowel (60.5%) control and normal erectile function (65.9%), having good general health (71.3%), and preserving social relationships (68.1%) were significantly associated with being satisfied (P < 0.05). Men receiving no active treatment were less satisfied (50.5%, P < 0.001) than actively treated men, and Hispanic men were less satisfied than non‐Hispanic white men after undergoing radical prostatectomy (50.1% vs. 58.0%, P = 0.05) or androgen deprivation (29.7% vs. 71.8%, P < 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of men were satisfied with their treatment selection for clinically localized prostate carcinoma. Receiving an active treatment, believing oneself to be free of cancer, avoiding treatment complications, and having good overall health and social support were positively associated with satisfaction. Cancer 2003;97:1653–62. © 2003 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.11233
Correlation of cervical carcinoma and precancerous lesions with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes detected with the HPV DNA chip microarray method
Authors: An Hee Jung , Cho Nam Hoon , Lee Sun Young , Kim In Ho , Lee Chan , Kim Seung Jo , Mun Mi Sook , Kim Se Hyun , Jeong Jeongmi Kim
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered to play an important role in the development of cervical carcinoma, and it is known that certain HPV types, such as HPV‐16 and HPV‐18, are highly associated with cervical carcinoma. However, the pathologic behavior of other HPV types remains unclear. Recently, a new HPV detection technique, the HPV DNA chip, was introduced. The HPV DNA chip harbors 22 HPV probes and has the advantage of being able to detect 22 HPV types simultaneously. To evaluate the quality of the HPV DNA chip method and to identify HPV types related to cervical carcinoma and precancerous lesions, the authors performed HPV typing in cervical specimens from 1983 patients and compared their cytologic and histologic diagnoses.

METHODS

The HPV DNA chip was used for HPV typing. Among 1983 patients who were tested for HPV types, cervical smear cytology was performed in 1650 patients, and 677 of those patients underwent cervical biopsy.

RESULTS

Among the 1650 smears that were examined cytologically, 92.7% (114 of 123 smears) of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 98.1% (106 of 108 smears) of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), and 96.3% (51 of 53 smears) of carcinomas were HPV positive, compared with only 35.1% of smears with normal cytology that were HPV positive. HPV‐16 was the most prevalent type (chi‐square test; P < 0.01) in LSILs (28.5%), in HSILs (51.9%), and in carcinomas (62.5%) followed by HPV‐58 and a group of low‐risk types (HPV‐6, HPV‐11, HPV‐34, HPV‐40, HPV‐42, HPV‐43,and HPV‐44) in LSILs. HPV‐58 (15.7%), HPV‐18 (6.7%), and HPV‐52 (4.6%) were the next most prevalent types after HPV‐16 in HSILs. HPV‐18 (11.4%) and HPV‐58 (11.4%) were the second most common types in carcinomas. HPV‐58 had the highest positive predictive value (54.9%) for the detection of histologically confirmed HSIL or carcinoma, whereas HPV 16 had the highest negative predictive value (80.6%). The sensitivity (96.0%) of the HPV test using the DNA chip method for detecting HSIL or carcinoma was superior compared with the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis (83.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

The HPV DNA chip provides a very sensitive method for detecting 22 HPV genotypes with reasonable sensitivity (96.0%) and reasonable negative predictive value (96.9%), and it overcomes the low sensitivity of cytologic screening for the detection of HSIL or carcinoma. HPV‐58, HPV‐52, and HPV‐56, as well as HPV‐16 and HPV‐18, were associated highly with HSIL and carcinoma in the current large series. In addition, multiple HPV infection was associated less frequently with cervical carcinoma and with precancerous lesions compared with normal cytology. Cancer 2003;97:1672–80. © 2003 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.11235
Dermoscopic and histopathologic diagnosis of equivocal melanocytic skin lesions
Authors: Bystryn John‐Claude
Published: March 2003

DOI 10.1002/cncr.11241
Risk of lung carcinoma among users of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Authors: Muscat Joshua E. , Chen Shu‐Quan , Richie John P. , Altorki Nasser K. , Citron Marc , Olson Sara , Neugut Alfred I. , Stellman Steven D.
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the development of lung tumors in experimental animals. To the authors' knowledge there are little data regarding whether regular use of NSAIDs reduces the risk of developing lung carcinoma in humans.

METHODS

The association between lung carcinoma risk and regular use of NSAIDs, including aspirin, was evaluated in a hospital‐based case–control study of 1038 patients and 1002 controls.

RESULTS

The relative risk estimate of lung carcinoma associated with using NSAIDs 3 times a week or more for 1 or more years demonstrated an odds ratio (OR) of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.53–0.89). Results were similar when separated by lung histologic type. The association varied by smoking status. The OR was1.28 (95% CI, 0.73–2.25) in never‐smokers and 0.60 (95% CI 0.45–0.80) in ever‐smokers. The smoking‐specific risk estimates for aspirin were similar to those for all NSAIDs.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study suggest a possible chemoprotective benefit with the use of NSAIDs among individuals who are former or current smokers. Cancer 2003;97:1732–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.11242
Correlation between HER‐2 expression and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yang Ying , Smith Terry , Kau Shu‐Wan , McConathy Judy M. , Esteva Francisco J. , Kuerer Henry M. , Symmans W. Fraser , Buzdar Aman U. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Pusztai Lajos
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to determine whether HER‐2 overexpression is associated with improved response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide (FAC) in patients with breast carcinoma.

METHODS

Ninety‐seven patients with Stage I–III breast carcinoma were included. HER‐2 expression was determined by routine clinical laboratory assessment, and tumors with 3 + immunohistochemistry staining intensity or gene amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization were considered HER‐2 positive. Response was assessed by physical examination, imaging assessment, and pathologic assessment at the time of surgery.

RESULTS

The median patient age was 45 years. At baseline, 68% of patients had lymph node positive disease, 87% had ≥ T2 tumors, and 28% of patients had HER‐2 positive tumors. Eighty‐four percent of patients received four courses of FAC, 8% of patients received 3 courses of FAC, and the remaining 8% of patients received 5–6 courses of FAC. The clinical response rate (complete response [CR] and partial response [PR]) was 78%, the imaging response rate (CR and PR) was 64%, and 15% of patients had a good pathologic response, defined as a CR or minimal residual disease (tumor measuring < 1 cm in greatest dimension and negative lymph nodes). Concordance between the three methods of response assessment (clinical, pathologic, and imaging) was modest and was best between clinical assessment and imaging assessment (64% concordance). HER‐2 status did not correlate with pathologic or clinical response (assessed by physical examination or imaging), although a nonsignificant trend was noted toward better response in patients with breast tumors that overexpressed HER‐2.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors found no significant correlation between HER‐2 expression and clinical or pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:1758–65. © 2003 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.11245
Modulation of antitumor immune responses by hematopoietic cytokines
Authors: Waller Edmund K. , Ernstoff Marc S.
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND

Advances in immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with malignant disease have led to increasingly successful use of these methods in the clinical setting. This review presents findings from recent studies that have explored improved methods for the presentation of tumor‐associated antigens and for the restoration of tumor specific immune responses using cytokine therapy.

METHODS

A review of human clinical trial research on immune cytokines from 1995 (MEDLINE) to the present was conducted. Particular attention was focused on articles that reported results from Phase II or later clinical studies in patients with malignant disease.

RESULTS

The defects in cellular immunity commonly seen in patients with malignancies often are expressed as tumor specific anergy. Reversing patient tolerance to tumor antigens may be accomplished by treatment with immunoregulatory cytokines, such as Flt‐3 and granulocyte‐macrophage–colony stimulating factor, that mature and activate dendritic cells. Published clinical studies indicate that granulocyte‐macrophage–colony stimulating factor stimulates antigen‐presenting cells and has promising antitumor activity as an adjunct or as stand‐alone therapy for patients with malignant disease, including leukemia, melanoma, breast carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS

Immune‐modulating cytokines may be used alone or in combination with other treatments to help restore immune function, improve response to tumor‐associated antigens, and reduce the toxic effects of standard antitumor therapies. The evolving understanding of how dendritic cells regulate immune responses and promising results from published studies of immune‐enhancing cytokines in the treatment of patients with malignant disease support the conduct of randomized clinical trials to confirm the clinical benefit of these immunotherapeutic strategies. Cancer 2003;97:1797–809. © 2003 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.11247
Luteinizing hormone receptor status and clinical, pathologic, and prognostic features in patients with breast carcinomas
Authors: Meduri Geri , Charnaux Nathalie , Spyratos Frederique , Hacene Kamel , Loosfelt Hugue , Milgrom Edwin
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND

It has been established that pregnancy protects against breast carcinoma, and animal models have shown that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) mimics this effect by inhibiting the initiation and progression of experimental breast carcinoma. Luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG receptors (LHR) have been characterized in several human breast carcinoma cell lines and in a limited number of breast carcinoma biopsy specimens. These observations led to the suggestion that hCG may be used as a means of prevention and possibly treatment in patients with breast carcinoma.

METHODS

The authors used immunocytochemistry to analyze tumors from 160 patients who were followed for a median of 2539 days. Using a cut‐off value of 18% immunolabeled cells in each tumor, 72% of tumors were identified as LHR positive. The LHR‐positive tumors were found more frequently in premenopausal women, who had tumors with greater cell differentiation and positive estrogen receptor α status. Infiltrating lobular carcinomas were positive for LHR more frequently compared with infiltrating ductal carcinomas. There was no correlation between LHR status and lymph node invasion, tumor size, or progesterone receptor status.

RESULTS

Patients with LHR‐positive tumors had a longer metastasis free survival, although the statistical significance was slight (P = 0.07), most likely due to the limited number of events in the patients studied. Conversely, there was no difference between patients with LHR‐positive or LHR‐negative tumors in the local recurrence free interval.

CONCLUSIONS

LHR status seems to be related in part to the degree of differentiation in breast tumors, confirming experimental evidence of the effect of hCG on mammary tissue. The presence of LHR is a tumor characteristic that largely is independent of other clinical and pathologic tumor features. It may be of interest in the future to correlate the presence of LHR with a possible therapeutic response in individual patients to hCG. Cancer 2003;97:1810–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.11294
Neuron‐specific distribution of P2X7 purinergic receptors in the monkey retina
Authors: Ishii Katsuyoshi , Kaneda Makoto , Li Hongbin , Rockland Kathleen S. , Hashikawa Tsutomu
Published: March 2003

Extracellular ATP is a signaling molecule, working through P2X purinoceptors in the nervous system. P2X7 is a major subtype of the purinoceptors in the brain, where it is expressed mostly in glia cells and considered to work as a trigger of cytolysis. In the rodent retina, however, P2X7 is expressed in several classes of neurons including ganglion cells. In the present study we identified cells immunopositive for P2X7 by double immunolabeling. Immunoreactivity for P2X7 was observed in the inner nuclear layer (INL), the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). In the INL, strongly immunopositive cells corresponded to the subpopulation of horizontal cells. In the IPL, fine processes were immunopositive. In the GCL, most of the ganglion cells showed P2X7 immunoreactivity. At the ultrastructural level, immunoreactivity was confirmed in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells. No P2X7 immunoreactivity was found in non‐neural cells, i.e., Müller cells or microglia. The immunohistochemical distribution of other purinoceptor subtypes (P2X1, P2X2, and P2X4) was also examined in the monkey retina. Immunoreactivity for P2X1 was strongly detected in a band, in sublamina a of the IPL. The band existed at almost the same level as tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, but did not seem to actually overlap. P2X2 was not expressed in the retina, and P2X4 was only faintly expressed at the scleral margin of the INL. Because P2X7 in the primate retina is expressed exclusively in neurons, it may in this location be involved in neural transmission rather than in cytolysis, as found for glia cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:267–277, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical activation of precursors for nanocrystalline materials
Authors: Heegn H. , Birkeneder F. , Kamptner A.
Published: March 2003

Nanostructured materials win big scientific interest and increasingly economic meaning through their specific exceptional properties. Precursors that were compacted by pressing and sintering are normally used preparation of materials. In present work, the influence of mechanical activation by grinding on the structure as well as on compacting and sintering behavior of oxides from magnesium, aluminium and silicon has been investigated. Starting materials for each metal oxide differ in microstructure, dispersity, and porosity. The influence of mechanical activation on the destruction of crystalline structure to nanocrystalline, as well as to the amorphous stage and the compaction of powders with nano‐particles, as well as structures with nanoscale pores have been compared. The possibilities of the consolidation of nanostructured materials were investigated. The mechanical activation took place in a disc vibration mill. The mechanical activated materials as well as their pressing and their sintering products were characterized by density, particle‐sizedistribution, specific surface, pore‐structure, microstructure, and crystallite size by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). The mechanical activation of the model‐substances led, in most cases, to an improvement of the compaction properties; thus, this improvement can be achieved with subsequent sintering densities up to 98% of the theoretical density. From these experiments, generalizations transferable to other materials can be made.
Crystallization of potassium sulfate by cooling and salting‐out using 1‐propanol in a calorimetric reactor
Authors: Taboada M. E. , Palma P. A. , Graber T. A.
Published: March 2003

A study was made on a isothermal process for the crystallization of potassium sulfate as an alternative to the cooling process. The process employs addition of 1‐propanol to aqueous salt solutions to achieve the “saltingout” of the K2SO4. This work was carried out using an automated Mettler Toledo model RC1 reactorcrystallizer with 800 ml capacity, and controlled isothermally at 25 °C to test the crystallization of K2SO4 by addition of the alcohol, and from 50 to 10 °C for the cooling crystallization. In both systems, the line of nucleation points was shown to be approximately parallel to the saturation curve, with an average width of 13°C or 3 % mass for crystallization by cooling, compared with 0.2 to 1 % by salting‐out. In experiments on crystallization by cooling, the K2SO4 crystals were 0.27 mm in mean size, showed 7 % agglomeration, and contained 8.5 % moisture. Crystals obtained by salting‐out had a mean size of 0.79 mm, 28 % agglomeration, and 9‐10 % moisture content. A crystal shape factor of approximately of 0.7 was obtained in both systems, apart from the agglomeration.
Growth and characterization of semiconducting cadmium selenide thin films
Authors: Shreekanthan K. N. , Rajendra B. V. , Kasturi V. B. , Shivakumar G. K.
Published: March 2003

Semiconducting thin films of cadmium selenide have been grown by conventional thermal evaporation technique. The effect of various growth parameters like rate of deposition and deposition temperature has been studied in detail. Films deposited at room temperature are cadmium rich with segregated selenium globules. A deposition temperature of 453 K has been found to yield stoichiometric, homogeneous films. The films have been analysed for optical band gap and thermal activation energies. Films of low electrical resistivity have been obtained for possible applications.
Influence of crystallization conditions on the mechanism and rate of crystal growth of potassium sulphate
Authors: Omar W. , Ulrich J.
Published: March 2003

Growth rate of potassium sulfate crystals was studied in a fluidized bed crystallizer. Higher growth rates were observed at larger bed heights. Larger crystals grow faster than smaller size crystals due to the changed fluid dynamics. The growth rate was found to be very sensitive to the pH value of the solution. The growth rate increases with increasing the pH value and the increase of growth in the acidic medium is faster than in the basic medium. The presence of small amounts of Cr3+ ions reduces the growth rate of potassium sulfate dramatically. The presence of Cr3+ ions lowers the saturation temperature and increases the width of the metastable zone, i.e. shifts the metastability of the solution to be at lower level of supersaturation.
Controlling the axial temperature gradient in inductively heated Czochralski systems
Authors: Ganschow S. , Reiche P. , Ziem M. , Uecker R.
Published: March 2003

A heating system is described that allows to increase the temperature gradients in rf‐heated Czochralski setups during the growth. This system applies an active afterheater, operated by a separate induction coil parallel to that heating the crucible. By changing the inductivity of an additional coil located outside the growth chamber, the ratio of the rf currents flowing through the crucible and afterheater and, consequently, the geometry of the heat input to the setup can be altered. The efficiency of the heating systems has been demonstrated in various experiments.
Effect of electrical field on dendritic growth of boric acid
Authors: Sahin Ömer , Nusret Bulutcu A.
Published: March 2003

Growth rates of boric acid crystals have been measured both in pure aqueous solution and under the influence of electrical field as a function of supersaturation and electrical field intensity in a laboratory scale fluidized bed crystallizer at the temperature of 30°C. The effect of electrical field was estimated from the growth rate data to evaluate the relative magnitude of two resistances, diffusion and integration. In absence of electrical field, the obtained results indicate that the controlling mechanism is mainly integration. However, in presence of electrical field, growth rate of boric acid were controlled by diffusion and reaction steps. In the absence of electrical field, boric acid crystals grow dendritically at any level of supersaturation from pure boric acid solution. In case of electrical field, the dendritic structure was depressed.
The effect of surface potential on the growth and dissolution rate dispersion of boric acid
Authors: Sahin Ömer , Nusret Bulutcu A.
Published: March 2003

Growth and dissolution rates of the boric acid crystals were measured in the case of supersaturation and undersaturation in a batch single crystal cell. Boric acid shows the growth and dissolution rate dispersion in all levels of the supersaturation and undersaturation. In both the growth and dissolution regions, dispersion of boric acid crystals were found to be controlled by negatively charged surface formed by specific anion adsorption. Boric acid seed crystals with same size but different surface potential were classified by an electrostatic separator and used in the measurement of the crystal growth rates. It was determined that high surface charge dominates the crystal growth and dissolution rate. Dispersion in the growth and dissolution rates were explained by surface potential distribution.
An improved prediction model of morphological modifications of organic crystals induced by additives
Authors: Lu J. J. , Ulrich J.
Published: March 2003

Additives have a great effect on the crystal morphology of organic compounds. The molecular modeling techniques were applied to predict the morphological modifications induced by additives. Besides molecular modeling software additionally some simulation approaches are needed. The build‐in and the surface docking approaches were applied to some host‐additive‐systems. It will be presented here that the suitability of these two approaches depends on the degree of anisotropy of the intermolecular bonding of the host substance. A procedure on how to choose an appropriate prediction approach for the individual crystal systems on investigation is suggested.
Thermal and optical properties of glasses of the system Bi2O3 – B2O3
Authors: Becker P.
Published: March 2003

In the binary system Bi2O3 – B2O3 glasses were prepared in the composition range 57.5 mol% ‐ 80 mol% B2O3 by defined slow cooling of large melt samples (about 75 cm3, each). Temperatures of crystallization, of melting and of glass transition were determined and density data of the glasses were derived using the hydrostatic weighting method. Thermal expansion coefficients and high precision refractive indices, together with their dispersion, were measured. The measured physical properties indicate subtle discontinuous structural changes of the glasses with glass composition, that match with the ranges of existence of the crystalline compounds of the binary system Bi2O3 – B2O3. Thermal investigations together with X‐ray powder diffraction analyses of crystallized glass samples prove the so far doubtful existence of a borate compound named “BiBO3” in the PDF within the composition range 52.5 – 57.5 mol% B2O3.
Electron irradiation‐induced effects on optical spectra of (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ single crystals
Authors: Gaffar M. A. , Abu El‐Fadl A. , Bin Anooz S.
Published: March 2003

The effect of electron‐beam irradiation with different doses on optical constants of (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ crystals with x=0.000, 0.020, 0.039, 0.087 or 0.144 wt% has been studied. The optical transmission in the energy range 3.4‐6.4 eV was measured hence the absorption coefficient was computed as a frequency function. The absorption coefficient was also calculated as a function of electron‐beam dose. Irradiation with e‐beam did not affect the allowed indirect type of transition responsible for interband transitions of (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ crystals. Values of the optical energy gap Eg and optical moment Ep for electronic interband transition of unexposed and (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ crystals after e‐beam exposure were deduced. The area under the absorption band at 5.30 eV was used to evaluate the effect of e‐irradiation on optical parameters of samples with x=0.00, 0.020 or 0.039. A shift in the position and a nonmonotonic change in the intensity of this band with increasing e‐beam dose was observed. Changes in the Eg value were used to evaluate the effect of e‐beam exposure dose on (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ samples with x=0.087 or 0.144. The obtained results were compared with those obtained for the same crystals after irradiation with different γ‐doses.
Spectroscopic properties of Zn‐naphtholimines‐TCNQ charge transfer complexes with variable ligand radicals
Authors: Robles Martínez J. G. , Salmerón Valverde A. , Zehe A.
Published: March 2003

Over the last decades, many different types of charge transfer complexes have been discussed as organic metals. The design and synthesis of the required efficient p‐electron donors constitutes an active area of modern materials chemistry. An important family with these properties is based on naphtholimines, which are known to form electrically conductive salts with a variety of organic acceptor molecules such as tetracyano‐pquinodimethane (TCNQ). Since the reduction potential of transition metal complexes can be readily modified by the selection of proper ligands and ligand substitution, such complexes are favored candidates for designed syntheses. The present work is aimed toward the study of Zn‐Naphtholimines‐TCNQ charge transfer complexes with fractional electron transfer per formula unit. The electron transfer is an essential factor in the control of electrical conductivity. Of particular interest was the effect of ligand volume variations on the degree of charge transfer. Both IR‐ spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy were used as analytic tools. We found, that Zn[RNAFIN]2‐2TCNQ molecules are partially ionized, and that the electron delocalization is strongly affected by the chosen ligand volume.
Single‐Source Chemical Vapor Deposition of Zinc Sulfide‐Based Thin Films from Zinc bis(O‐ethylxanthate)
Authors: Barreca D. , Tondello E. , Lydon D. , Spalding T.R. , Fabrizio M.
Published: March 2003

A novel single‐source precursor, zinc bis(O‐ethylxanthate), was employed for the CVD of ZnS‐based thin films. The coatings were deposited on SiO2 and SiO2/Si(100) substrates in a N2 atmosphere in a cold‐wall reactor in the temperature range 250–400 °C. The optical properties of the films were investigated by ultra violet‐visible (UV‐vis) absorption and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The surface and in‐depth chemical composition were studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XE‐AES), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Finally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to analyze the surface morphology of the coatings. Very thin films, with thickness less than 30 nm and no evidence of crystalline phases, were grown at temperatures of at least 300 °C. Optical measurement showed that the coatings were highly transparent ( > 80 %) throughout the visible and IR spectral ranges.
Comparison of the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on mitochondrial membrane potential in two different cell lines using flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry
Authors: Kalbáčová Marie , Vrbacký Marek , Drahota Zdeněk , Mělková Zora
Published: March 2003

Background

Determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is widely used to characterize cellular metabolism, viability, and apoptosis. Changes of ΔΨm induced by inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation characterize respective contributions of mitochondria and glycolysis to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis.

Methods

ΔΨm in BSC‐40 and HeLa G cell lines was determined by flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry. Its changes induced by specific mitochondrial inhibitors were evaluated using 3,3′‐dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)), tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, and MitoTracker Red. Mitochondrial function was further characterized by oxygen consumption.

Results

Inhibition of respiration by antimycin A or uncoupling of mitochondria by FCCP decreased ΔΨm in both cell lines. Inhibition of ATP production by oligomycin or atractyloside induced a moderate decrease of ΔΨm in HeLa G cells and an increase of ΔΨm in BSC‐40 cells. Statistically significant differences in ΔΨm between the two cell lines were found with both flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry. Respirometry showed higher basal and FCCP‐stimulated respiration in BSC‐40 cells.

Conclusion

Changes of ΔΨm and oxygen consumption showed that BSC‐40 cells are more sensitive than HeLa G cells to inhibitors of mitochondrial function, suggesting that BSC‐40 cells are more dependent than HeLa G cells on aerobic ATP production. Determination of ΔΨm changes by flow cytometry exhibited greater sensitivity than the ones by spectrofluorometry. Cytometry Part A 52A:110–116, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dialectical behavior therapy program for people with an eating disorder and borderline personality disorder—description and outcome
Authors: Palmer Robert L. , Birchall Helen , Damani Sadhana , Gatward Nicholas , McGrain Lesley , Parker Lorraine
Published: March 2003

Objective

To describe and evaluate a full dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) program for people with comorbid eating disorder and borderline personality disorder. The program included a novel skills training module written especially for eating‐disordered patients.

Method

The program was run for 18 months. Days in hospital and major acts of self‐harm were counted for the 18 months before and after DBT.

Results

There were no dropouts from the program. The patients seemed to benefit. Most patients were neither eating disordered nor self‐harming at follow‐up.

Discussion

Full DBT is an expensive and demanding treatment but deserves consideration for patients with an eating disorder and co‐morbid borderline personality disorder and self‐harm. There is a need for a more systematic and thorough evaluation. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 281–286, 2003.
Achalasia mimicking prepubertal anorexia nervosa
Authors: Richterich Andreas , Brunner Romuald , Resch Franz
Published: March 2003

A 9‐year‐old girl presents for continuing weight loss of 10kg over the course of 1 year. Medical history showed three episodes of pneumonia requiring hospital admission in the 6 months before presentation and 4 months of weekly psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa. A thorough history of eating behavior and a review of systems revealed not only typical aspects of prepubertal anorexia nervosa but also vomiting at night while asleep, difficulty drinking liquids, epigastric pain, and a frequent experience of “a lump in the throat”; these symptoms were not suggestive of a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa but rather of esophageal achalasia. The patient was transferred to the Department of Pediatrics, and a diagnosis of esophageal achalasia was made by chest x‐ray and barium swallow. After dilatation and botulinum toxin application, the patient regained weight easily and was discharged in stable condition. In this case, esophageal achalasia mimicked prepubertal anorexia nervosa. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 356–359, 2003.
Cognitive processing of anorexic patients in recognition tasks: An event‐related potentials study
Authors: Dodin Vincent , Nandrino Jean‐Louis
Published: March 2003

Objective

We used event‐related potentials (ERPs) to test whether anorexic subjects have difficulties in filtering out irrelevant stimuli in controlled information processing tasks.

Methods

ERPs from 12 anorexic patients were recorded during recognition of simple and complex body images and simple and complex geometrical shapes.

Results

Anorexic subjects had larger P300 amplitudes for frequent stimuli during body images and simple geometrical shape recognition tasks. Longer P300 latencies were also found in simple geometrical shape recognition tasks, although task complexity had no effect on the P300 latency and amplitude.

Discussion

These results are explained in terms of nonspecific hyperarousal in mental anorexia and relative inability to filter out irrelevant stimuli leading to working memory saturation. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 299–307, 2003.
Differential heritability of eating attitudes and behaviors in prepubertal versus pubertal twins
Authors: Klump Kelly L. , McGue Matt , Iacono William G.
Published: March 2003

Objective

Differential heritability of eating pathology in prepubertal, pubertal, and 17‐year‐old twins was examined using a population‐based twin sample.

Method

Participants included 530 11‐year‐old (452 prepubertal, 78 pubertal twins) and 602 17‐year‐old female twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Puberty was assessed with the Pubertal Development Scale, and general eating pathology was assessed with the total score from the Minnesota Eating Disorders Inventory (M‐EDI).

Results

M‐EDI total score intraclass correlations for the pubertal 11‐year‐old group were more similar to the 17‐year‐old twins' than the prepubertal 11‐year‐old twins, suggesting similar levels of genetic influence in the pubertal and older adolescent cohort. Model‐fitting corroborated these impressions, indicating that genetic factors accounted for 0% of the variance in 11‐year‐old prepubertal twins but 54% of the variance in 11‐year‐old pubertal and 17‐year‐old twins.

Discussion

Findings suggest that a portion of the genetic influence on eating pathology may become activated during puberty. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 287–292, 2003.
An efficient radio transmission scheme of configuration data for FPGA‐based downloadable software radio communication systems
Authors: Honda Makoto , Harada Hiroshi , Fujise Masayuki
Published: March 2003

In the radio transmission of FPGA configuration data, the information transmission quality of the software radio receiver is degraded not only by the essential effect of the radio transmission channel, but also by logic circuit faults due to error produced in the configuration data. This paper considers the case in which the roll‐off filter, which is a main hardware of the demodulator, is designed using a look‐up table (LUT), which is a component of an FPGA, and the software radio receiver is configured by the radio transmission of LUT content as configuration data. The quality degradation is examined by computer simulation. A highly efficient transmission scheme for the configuration data is proposed, and it is shown that the number of symbols for transmission of the configuration data is reduced by 25% without significant performance degradation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(7): 31–41, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10003
Immunity testing cell using a rectangular loop resonator comprised of a conducting channel plate and a capacitive gap
Authors: Saito Masahiro , Saegusa Kenji , Hasebe Nozomu
Published: March 2003

TEM cells that are popular in immunity measurements require high operating power. In this paper, an immunity testing cell using a rectangular loop resonator is proposed. The testing cell is expected to generate high electric field strength at comparatively low power. The resonator comprises a conducting channel plate and a capacitive gap set onto the ground plane. The testing cell has a size of 1/10 wavelength at the testing frequency and therefore is suitable for immunity testing at low frequency. In this study, the electric and magnetic field distribution inside two different types of proposed resonators are analyzed by the FDTD method. Comparison of analytical and experimental results shows a close match. The electric field strength inside the two resonator types is increased by 31.2 and 14.3 dB, respectively, relative to that of the TEM cell of similar size. In the latter type of resonator the electric field deviation inside a square area of 100 mm length is suppressed to 2 dB. Moreover, the resonator covered with a shield case for practical use shows an increase of 11.2 dB in the electric field strength over the level of the similar size TEM cell. The amplitude deviation remains the same as that of the bare resonator. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(7): 22–30, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10011
Spatiotemporal propagation characteristics of non‐line‐of‐sight using low antenna‐height base station in microcellular environment
Authors: Sekizawa Shinya , Taira Kazumasa , Kamio Yukiyoshi , Mizuno Mitsuhiko
Published: March 2003

As a remedy to multipath fading in land mobile communication, adaptive antenna arrays combined with equalizers have been proposed. For hardware realization and adaptive algorithm development in order to alleviate fading by temporal and spatial processing, it is necessary to clarify the spatiotemporal characteristics of the propagation channel such as the delay time and direction of arrival of multipath waves. In a microcell using a low antenna‐height base station, the spatiotemporal propagation characteristics are measured for line‐of‐sight and non‐line‐of‐sight propagation at 3.35 GHz. Characteristics of these channels have been presented. With regard to non‐line‐of‐sight propagation, the measured spatiotemporal characteristics are modeled and the angular spread and the delay spread of the arriving waves are quantitatively evaluated. Also, when the transmission characteristics of fading prevention techniques by spatiotemporal processing are evaluated by computer simulation, an example of the delay‐azimuth profiles that is usable as a reference for setting the conditions for fading is presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(7): 11–21, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10032
An ISAR imaging algorithm for multiple targets of different radial velocity
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Iwamoto Masafumi , Fujisaka Takahiko , Kirimoto Tetsuo
Published: March 2003

Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is a well‐known technique for acquiring images of a moving target by using the synthetic aperture method. This radar improves the angle resolution based on the Doppler effect accompanying the relative motion with respect to the target, estimates the target motion from the echoes, and must compensate for the range migration during the observation and the fluctuations in the Doppler frequency. However, the problem faced when multiple targets, such as a formation of airplanes, are simultaneously observed is that the echoes of targets having slightly different motions interfere and degrade the estimation of the motion and the image resolution. Here, we propose an algorithm capable of separating the echo of each target, estimating the motion of each target, and compensating for the unwanted motion of each target based on the motion estimates even when multiple targets are simultaneously observed by utilizing the two‐dimensional discrete Fourier transform. We conducted computer simulations and demonstrated the ability to generate the images from two target echoes and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(7): 1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10090
A flat, multiscalable, highly efficient and reliable video transmission scheme
Authors: Kawada Ryoichi , Matsumoto Shuichi
Published: March 2003

The transmission of video materials by digital compression has been widely applied in recent years. The following problems are involved in this approach. (1) A duplex system composed of main and backup links is often used in the transmission of video materials. Thus, the transmission capacity of the backup system becomes redundant in the normal state. (2) No automatic image quality monitoring method for video transmission has been established. On the other hand, the coding/decoding techniques for digital video transmission are almost fully established, and various devices are already widely used. Thus, it is highly desirable to reduce the above redundancy, that is, to achieve highly efficient automatic picture quality monitoring. Consequently, this paper proposes a flat multiscalable video transmission scheme in which highly efficient and highly reliable video transmission with automatic picture quality monitoring can be realized by simply adding pre‐ and postprocessing, without modifying the existing coding/decoding devices. In the proposed scheme, noise cancellation by averaging and high picture quality are realized by processing that reduces the correlation of coding noise in the decoded video pictures of the two systems. The SN ratios of the received video and the original pictures can be estimated from the residual correlation. The proposed scheme can be applied not only to improving the efficiency of video materials transmission, but also to improving the reliability of picture transmission over the Internet. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(7): 42–53, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1168