bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antenna design using animal migration optimisation algorithm
Authors: Ülker Ezgi Deniz , Ülker Sadık
Published: May 2016

The use of swarm intelligence algorithms for solving complex optimisation problems is an interesting area since they can produce remarkable results. The animal migration optimisation (AMO) algorithm is one of the swarm intelligence algorithms which is derived from the migration behaviour of animals. The implementation of AMO algorithm for complex array optimisation problems is given. The experimental studies show that the AMO algorithm produces high‐quality results and it is capable to overcome strong local optimum points by using its attributes. Also, it has few number of steps which are quite easy to implement. The AMO can be suggested as a powerful algorithm for optimisation problems including complex array designs when the high solution quality is desired.
Perspective: Web-based machine learning models for real-time screening of thermoelectric materials properties
Authors: Gaultois Michael W. , Oliynyk Anton O. , Mar Arthur , Sparks Taylor D. , Mulholland Gregory J. , Meredig Bryce
Published: May 2016

The experimental search for new thermoelectric materials remains largely confined to a limited set of successful chemical and structural families, such as chalcogenides, skutterudites, and Zintl phases. In principle, computational tools such as density functional theory (DFT) offer the possibility of rationally guiding experimental synthesis efforts toward very different chemistries. However, in practice, predicting thermoelectric properties from first principles remains a challenging endeavor [J. Carrete et al., Phys. Rev. X 4, 011019 (2014)], and experimental researchers generally do not directly use computation to drive their own synthesis efforts. To bridge this practical gap between experimental needs and computational tools, we report an open machine learning-based recommendation engine (http://thermoelectrics.citrination.com) for materials researchers that suggests promising new thermoelectric compositions based on pre-screening about 25 000 known materials and also evaluates the feasibility of user-designed compounds. We show this engine can identify interesting chemistries very different from known thermoelectrics. Specifically, we describe the experimental characterization of one example set of compounds derived from our engine, RE12Co5Bi (RE = Gd, Er), which exhibits surprising thermoelectric performance given its unprecedentedly high loading with metallic d and f block elements and warrants further investigation as a new thermoelectric material platform. We show that our engine predicts this family of materials to have low thermal and high electrical conductivities, but modest Seebeck coefficient, all of which are confirmed experimentally. We note that the engine also predicts materials that may simultaneously optimize all three properties entering into zT; we selected RE12Co5Bi for this study due to its interesting chemical composition and known facile synthesis.
Analysis of photovoltaic technology development based on technology life cycle approach
Authors: Jamali Mahdis Yousef , Aslani Alireza , Moghadam Babak Farhang , Naaranoja Marja , Madvar Mohammad Dehghani
Published: May 2016

Increasing energy demand has created the challenge of supplying safe, economical, and durable energy with minimal impact on the environment. Therefore, governments have developed and executed several strategies such as increasing efficiency in energy systems in addition to replacing existing sources with renewable energies. One of the most important renewable energy sources that have a competitive advantage compared with other resources is solar energy and its related technologies. However, development of this technology, its related products, and their competitiveness in the market has created a plethora of challenges. In this study, the focus is on the analysis of photovoltaic technology development in the context of different technology generations. The S-shape curve of each generation and sub-technologies of photovoltaic is designed and analyzed. Results show that the first generation of photovoltaic technology is in growth and early maturity stage. The second generation is also in growth stage, but the third generation is mainly in the introduction stage.
Seasonal and diel effects on acoustic fish biomass estimates: application to a shallow reservoir with untargeted common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Djemali Imed , Guillard Jean , Yule Daniel L.
Published: May 2016

The aim of the present study was to understand how seasonal fish distributions affect acoustically derived fish biomass estimates in a shallow reservoir in a semi-arid country (Tunisia). To that end, sampling events were performed during four seasons (spring (June), summer (September), autumn (December) and winter (March)) that included day and night surveys. A Simrad EK60 echosounder, equipped with two 120-kHz split-beam transducers for simultaneous horizontal and vertical beaming, was used to sample the entire water column. Surveys during spring and summer and daytime hours of winter were deemed unusable owing to high methane flux from the sediment, and during the day survey of autumn, fish were close to the reservoir bottom leading to low detectability. It follows that acoustic surveys should be conducted only at night during the cold season (December–March) for shallow reservoirs having carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) as the dominant species. Further, night-time biomass estimates during the cold season declined significantly (P<0.001) from autumn to winter. Based on our autumn night-time survey, overall fish biomass in the Bir-Mcherga Reservoir was high (mean (±s.d.) 185±98 tonnes (Mg)), but annual fishery exploitation is low (19.3–24.1Mg) because the fish biomass is likely dominated by invasive carp not targeted by fishers. The results suggest that controlling carp would help improve the fishery.
Using Tag-Return Models to Estimate the Number of Times Fish Are Captured in Fisheries with High Catch-and-Release Rates
Authors: McCormick Joshua L.
Published: May 2016

Exploitation rates are often estimated using tag-return studies. However, in fisheries with a catch-and-release component, exploitation rate or fishing mortality may not be the most important metric of interest. Instead, angler catch rates (e.g., fish caught per hour), total catch (including fish that are harvested or released), or the average number of times an individual fish is caught may be a better measure of fishery performance. However, if anglers remove tags from fish before release, then catch estimates will be negatively biased because tag removal will not be accounted for. In this study, maximum likelihood estimation methods were used to estimate catch in fisheries with high rates of catch and release. Right-censored models were used to accommodate tags that may or may not be removed by anglers. Model-derived maximum likelihood estimates of mean catch were relatively unbiased under two simulated fishery scenarios. There was a nonlinear, positive relationship between the percentage of tags that were removed from fish before release and the standard error of estimated mean catch. Although the models performed well at estimating catch in the simulations, more study is needed to evaluate how possible violation of model assumptions can affect catch estimates.

Received October 19, 2015; accepted February 4, 2016 Published online May 26, 2016
Test-Retest Reliability of the Binaural Interaction Component of the Auditory Brainstem Response
Authors: Ferber Alexander T. , Benichoux Victor , Tollin Daniel J.
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

The binaural interaction component (BIC) is the residual auditory brainstem response (ABR) obtained after subtracting the sum of monaurally evoked from binaurally evoked ABRs. The DN1 peak—the first negative peak of the BIC—has been postulated to have diagnostic value as a biomarker for binaural hearing abilities. Indeed, not only do DN1 amplitudes depend systematically upon binaural cues to location (interaural time and level differences), but they are also predictive of central hearing deficits in humans. A prominent issue in using BIC measures as a diagnostic biomarker is that DN1 amplitudes not only exhibit considerable variability across subjects, but also within subjects across different measurement sessions.

Design:

In this study, the authors investigate the DN1 amplitude measurement reliability by conducting repeated measurements on different days in eight adult guinea pigs.

Results:

Despite consistent ABR thresholds, ABR and DN1 amplitudes varied between and within subjects across recording sessions. However, the study analysis reveals that DN1 amplitudes varied proportionally with parent monaural ABR amplitudes, suggesting that common experimental factors likely account for the variability in both waveforms. Despite this variability, the authors show that the shape of the dependence between DN1 amplitude and interaural time difference is preserved. The authors then provide a BIC normalization strategy using monaural ABR amplitude that reduces the variability of DN1 peak measurements. Finally, the authors evaluate this normalization strategy in the context of detecting changes of the DN1 amplitude-to-interaural time difference relationship.

Conclusions:

The study results indicate that the BIC measurement variability can be reduced by a factor of two by performing a simple and objective normalization operation. The authors discuss the potential for this normalized BIC measure as a biomarker for binaural hearing.
Agmatine attenuates the discriminative stimulus and hyperthermic effects of methamphetamine in male rats
Authors: Thorn David A. , Li Jiuzhou , Qiu Yanyan , Li Jun-Xu
Published: May 2016

Methamphetamine abuse remains an alarming public heath challenge, with no approved pharmacotherapies available. Agmatine is a naturally occurring cationic polyamine that has previously been shown to attenuate the rewarding and psychomotor-sensitizing effects of methamphetamine. This study examined the effects of agmatine on the discriminative stimulus and hyperthermic effects of methamphetamine. Adult male rats were trained to discriminate 0.32 mg/kg methamphetamine from saline. Methamphetamine dose dependently increased drug-associated lever responding. The nonselective dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine (5.9-fold rightward shift). Agmatine (10–100 mg/kg) did not substitute for methamphetamine, but significantly attenuated the stimulus effects of methamphetamine, leading to a maximum of a 3.5-fold rightward shift. Acute 10 mg/kg methamphetamine increased the rectal temperature by a maximum of 1.96±0.17°C. Agmatine (10–32 mg/kg) pretreatment significantly attenuated the hyperthermic effect of methamphetamine. Agmatine (10 mg/kg) also significantly reversed methamphetamine-induced temperature increase. Together, these results support further exploration of the value that agmatine may have for the treatment of methamphetamine abuse and overdose.
Photographic Measurements Partially Correlate to Nasal Function and Appearance among Adult Cleft Patients
Authors: Keijser Klara , Nowinski Daniel , Mani Maria
Published: May 2016

Background:

Unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) affects nasal function and appearance. There is a lack of objective measurements to evaluate these features. This study analyzes whether objective measurements on photographs correlate with nasal function and/or appearance among adults treated for UCLP.

Methods:

All patients with UCLP born from 1960 to 1987 treated at the Uppsala University Hospital were invited (n = 109). Participation rate was 68% (n = 74); mean follow-up was 35 years. An age-matched control group (n = 61) underwent the same tests. Nostril area, nasal tip deviation angle, and width of the nostril were measured on photographs and were compared with functional tests and with appearance as assessed by self-assessment questionnaire, professional panel, or laymen panel.

Results:

The photographically measured nostril area correlated with nasal volume (acoustic rhinometry) among UCLP patients, both cleft side and noncleft side, and controls (0.331, P = 0.005; 0.338, P = 0.004; and 0.420, P < 0.001, respectively). For the patients’ noncleft side and controls, the area correlated inversely with airflow resistance at inspiration (noncleft side: −0.245, P = 0.043; controls: −0.226, P = 0.013). Laymen assessment of nasal appearance correlated with width ratio of the patients (0.27, P = 0.022) and with nasal tip deviation angle and area ratio of the controls (0.26, P = 0.041, and 0.31, P = 0.015, respectively).

Conclusions:

Photographic measurements correlate partially with both functional tests of the nose and panel ratings of appearance. No correlation was found with self-assessment of appearance. Evaluation of photographs needs to be combined with patient-reported outcome measures to be a valuable endpoint of nasal appearance.
Extensive Mine-Shrapnel and Gunshot Wound Closure Using Keystone Island Perforator Flaps
Authors: Sliesarenko Sergii V. , Badiul Pavlo O. , Sliesarenko Kirill S.
Published: May 2016

Background:

During military operations, one aspect of a plastic surgeon’s work is to restore extensive and deep wound defects in a short period of time and provide a high degree of functional recovery to the damaged area. Because many injuries caused by military operations cannot be closed using a primary suture, the specialist has to select another surgical approach to close the wound defect. Surgeons must select methods that not only cover the extensive wound defect in 1 step but also allow skin coverage that is anatomically, functionally, and visually similar to the surrounding tissues to reduce the length of the hospital stay and ensure optimal functional recovery of the damaged organ.

Methods:

From 2014 to 2015, 25 patients underwent 36 reconstructions at our center after receiving mine-shrapnel and gunshot wounds. All reconstructions occurred during the acute period and used keystone island perforator flaps. The authors’ wound management technique was characterized by an aggressive surgical and antibiotic therapy protocol.

Results:

In all cases, after surgical debridement, the mine-shrapnel and gunshot wound defects were completely closed in 1 stage during the acute period. The working time in the operating room to perform the transposition of the flap ranged from 45 to 90 minutes, with an average of 68 minutes. All displaced flaps were similar in structure and color to the surrounding tissues and did not change the contours of the body. The adequate restoration of skin allowed patients to begin early recovery of functional activity.

Conclusions:

Local keystone island perforator flaps can be considered one of the primary methods of plastic closure of extensive defects caused by mine-shrapnel and gunshot wounds at different anatomical locations, providing that the tissue surrounding the defect is intact and usable as a donor resource.
DIEP Flap for Breast Reconstruction Using Epidural Anesthesia with the Patient Awake
Authors: de la Parra Miguel , Camacho Marco , de la Garza Jonatan
Published: May 2016

Background:

Many articles have been published about breast reconstruction using the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap; however, few articles have been published in plastic/reconstructive surgery journals describing the difference between anesthetic techniques and recovery in microsurgical patients.

Methods:

We analyzed 16 patients who underwent DIEP flap for breast reconstruction. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1: general anesthesia (n = 9); group 2: epidural block with the patient awake (n = 7). In group 2, the peridural block was done at 2 levels: thoracic (T2–T3) and lumbar (L2–L3).

Results:

The success rate was 100% with no partial or total loss of the flap. There was no difference between groups in regard to postoperative pain in the first 5 days (Visual Analog Scale). Analgesia used in group 1 was buprenorphine and ketorolac, and in group 2, only ketorolac without opioid derivatives. Immediate postoperative recovery was better in the peridural group than in the group administered general anesthesia (P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:

DIEP flap with peridural block and the patient awake during surgery is a feasible technique with better recovery in the immediate postoperative period, achieving good analgesia level with minimal intravenous medication.
Novel compound heterozygous mutations in inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1 in a family with severe opsismodysplasia
Authors: Feist Cori , Holden Paul , Fitzgerald Jamie
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to identify the genetic basis of a severe skeletal lethal dysplasia. The main clinical features of two affected fetuses included short limbs with flared metaphyses, bowed radii, femora and tibiae, irregular ossification of hands and feet, and marked platyspondyly. Affected and nonaffected family members were subjected to whole-exome sequencing, followed by immunoblot analysis on amniocytes isolated from one of the affected individuals. Unique compound heterozygous variants in the inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1 (INPPL1) gene encoding the SHIP2 protein were identified in both affected individuals. One variant was inherited from each unaffected parent. Both allelic variants, c.(2327−1G>C);(1150_1151delGA), are predicted to result in premature stop codons leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of the mutant alleles and no production of SHIP2. The absence of SHIP2 was confirmed by immunoblot analysis of proband amniocytes. This skeletal disorder is caused by the complete absence of the SHIP2 protein. INPPL1 mutations have been reported in opsismodysplasia, an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasias with significant delayed bone formation. Our finding highlights the critical role that INPPL1/SHIP2 plays in skeletal development.
Case Management Ethics
Authors: Sminkey Patrice V. , LeDoux Jeannie
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

The purpose of this discussion is to draw attention to the considerable pressure on professional case managers today to coordinate with multiple stakeholders, with responsibilities that put them at the forefront of contact with payers and providers. This discussion raises awareness of how case managers, and board-certified case managers in particular, must demonstrate that they adhere to the highest ethical standards, as codified by the Commission for Case Manager Certification's Code of Professional Conduct for Case Managers.

Primary Practice Settings:

This discussion applies to case management practices and work settings across the full continuum of health care.

Implications for Case Management Practice:

As advocates for clients (individuals receiving case management services) and their families/support systems, case managers must adhere to the highest of ethical and professional standards. The Code of Professional Conduct for Case Managers is an indispensable resource for case managers to ensure that they place the public interest above their own, respect the rights and inherent dignity of clients, maintain objectivity in their relationships with clients, and act with integrity and fidelity with clients and others, as stipulated by the code.
The Evolution of Ethics
Authors: Powell Suzanne K.
Published: May 2016

Ethical issues and dilemmas span from conception to the grave. The interconnectedness of advocacy, ethics, and end of life/death with dignity are woven into this issue of the Professional Case Management journal. Case management is a critical member of the team when these discussions arise. And knowledge of the issues, along with legal, ethical, and professional codes, is highlighted.
Objective Measures of Pre-lens Tear Film Dynamics versus Visual Responses
Authors: Szczesna-Iskander Dorota H. , Alonso-Caneiro David , Iskander D. Robert
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To ascertain whether there is a correlation between objective measures of pre-lens tear film surface quality (TFSQ) dynamics and visual quality responses.

Methods

Thirty one subjects wore a pair of silicone hydrogel lenses for 1 hour before measurements. Acquisition of TFSQ dynamics was conducted for each subject in suppressed blinking conditions. A Placido disk videokeratoscope was fitted with an internal target and a video streaming output. Subjects were asked to focus on the target and indicate the just noticeable decrease in visual quality. The recorded videos and the subjective responses were saved for further analysis, for which a new videokeratoscopy image processing technique, based on calculating a texture feature (homogeneity), was developed. The estimated times of lens dewetting were then associated with the subjective responses.

Results

The dewetting point of the lens was identified in 82% of recordings. The group median time of subjective response was 3.5 s post-dewetting point, which corresponded to about 4.3% decrease in TFSQ. In the remaining measurements, either no substantial change in TFSQ or changes related to post-blink slow movement of the lipid layer were observed. The former was not associated with any noticeable change in subjective visual quality whereas the latter usually created visually identifiable temporal disturbance resulting in a subjective response. A small but statistically significant correlation (r2= 0.32, p < 0.001) was found between objectively estimated point of dewetting and the subjective response, corresponding to just noticeable change in visual quality.

Conclusions

The new technique proved to be sufficiently sensitive to identify the distinct two-phase process of pre-lens TFSQ dynamics. Changes in objectively determined pre-lens TFSQ can also be identified subjectively, but there exists, in general, a certain lag between the two responses. The estimated times of lens dewetting could be utilized for in vivo assessment of contact lens wetting parameters.
Effect of Masking on Subjective Responses to Daily Disposable Contact Lenses
Authors: Keir Nancy , Luensmann Doerte , Woods Craig A. , Bergenske Peter , Fahmy Mary , Fonn Desmond
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To explore the effect of masking on subjective responses when wearing daily disposable (DD) contact lenses.

Methods

In an adaptation phase, habitual wearers of Manufacturer-A (MFA) (n = 43) and Manufacturer-B (MFB) (n = 53) wore MFA-brand 1 or MFB-brand 1 DDs, respectively, for 30 days, open-label. Subjects were then randomly assigned to one of two experiments. Each experiment included two, 3-day crossover phases. An enhanced version of MFA and MFB lenses (MFA-brand 2 and MFB-brand 2) were worn contralaterally to evaluate potential differences in masking result between manufacturers. Experiment 1: subjects were fully masked to lens and packaging (FM) then unmasked (UM). Experiment 2: subjects were FM then partially masked using an over-label (PM). Comfort ratings (0–100) were recorded for each lens daily and preference between lenses was recorded on day 3 for each crossover phase. The mean difference between 0–100 ratings or preference when FM or PM versus UM for the same lens was considered a measurement of the effect associated with masking. The purpose of the study was withheld from subjects to minimize bias.

Results

The effect associated with masking for habitual wearers of MFA and MFB lenses was less than 1 out of 100 (0 ± 2.5) in both experiments. Fifty-eight subjects (60%) expressed no preference when FM. This decreased to 29 (30%) when UM or PM (proportion test, p < 0.001). Approximately half the subjects had a change in lens preference when they were UM or PM, primarily in favor of their habitual lens manufacturer.

Conclusions

Masking did not have a measurable impact on 0–100 ratings with the DD lenses used in this study but did have an impact on lens preference. Subjects were more likely to express a preference when they handled the lenses and were exposed to the lens packaging and, in some cases, able to read the lens brand and lens manufacturer.
Lid Papillae Improvement with Hydrogen Peroxide Lens Care Solution Use
Authors: Lievens Christopher W. , Kannarr Shane , Zoota Lisa , Lemp Jessie
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To assess changes in lid papillae and symptoms after use of a hydrogen peroxide–containing solution (H2O2) for 3 months by symptomatic contact lens wearers.

Methods

This randomized, controlled, investigator-masked, parallel group study enrolled symptomatic lens wearers with at least mild lid papillae who habitually used a biguanide-preserved multipurpose solution (BMPS). Subjects were randomized to habitual BMPS or H2O2 for 3 months to care for their lenses. Lid papillae severity (0–4) was graded in four zones of each eye at baseline and at 30, 60, and 90 days. Subjects rated frequency and intensity of symptoms and completed the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) at the same time points. Lens cases used for 1 month were collected from subjects in the H2O2 group, and residual peroxide concentration was analyzed at disinfection time.

Results

In all, 131 subjects were randomized to H2O2 (n = 64) or BMPS (n = 67) and underwent post-baseline assessment. The H2O2 group showed significantly greater improvements in lid papillae from baseline to day 90 than the BMPS group (H2O2, least square mean [LSM] difference [baseline–day 90] in maximum score 0.904 [95% CI 0.744–1.064]; BMPS, LSM difference 0.423 [95% CI 0.271–0.576]; p < 0.001). Frequency and intensity of symptoms, including grittiness, end-of-day dryness, irritation, burning/stinging, itchiness, and blurry vision, were significantly lower for H2O2 than for BMPS at days 30, 60, and 90 (all p ≤ 0.045), as were mean CLDEQ-8 scores (3-mo scores 10.6 ± 6.30 vs.15.0 ± 7.29, p < 0.001). Residual peroxide concentration in 61 used lens cases ranged from 6 to 55 ppm (mean, 15 ± 8 ppm) and 95% of cases had residual peroxide less than 30 ppm.

Conclusions

Symptomatic contact lens wearers using the H2O2 solution showed greater reductions in lid papillae and symptoms at 90 days than did subjects using BMPS. Cases used for 1 month neutralized peroxide at disinfection time to levels below those detectable by ocular tissues.
Optical Assessment of Soft Contact Lens Edge-Thickness
Authors: Tankam Patrice , Won Jungeun , Canavesi Cristina , Cox Ian , Rolland Jannick P.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To assess the edge shape of soft contact lenses using Gabor-Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (GD-OCM) with a 2-μm imaging resolution in three dimensions and to generate edge-thickness profiles at different distances from the edge tip of soft contact lenses.

Methods

A high-speed custom-designed GD-OCM system was used to produce 3D images of the edge of an experimental soft contact lens (Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, NY) in four different configurations: in air, submerged into water, submerged into saline with contrast agent, and placed onto the cornea of a porcine eyeball. An algorithm to compute the edge-thickness was developed and applied to cross-sectional images. The proposed algorithm includes the accurate detection of the interfaces between the lens and the environment, and the correction of the refraction error.

Results

The sharply defined edge tip of a soft contact lens was visualized in 3D. Results showed precise thickness measurement of the contact lens edge profile. Fifty cross-sectional image frames for each configuration were used to test the robustness of the algorithm in evaluating the edge-thickness at any distance from the edge tip. The precision of the measurements was less than 0.2 μm.

Conclusions

The results confirmed the ability of GD-OCM to provide high-definition images of soft contact lens edges. As a nondestructive, precise, and fast metrology tool for soft contact lens measurement, the integration of GD-OCM in the design and manufacturing of contact lenses will be beneficial for further improvement in edge design and quality control. In the clinical perspective, the in vivo evaluation of the lens fitted onto the cornea will advance our understanding of how the edge interacts with the ocular surface. The latter will provide insights into the impact of long-term use of contact lenses on the visual performance.
Recurrence Rates of Benign Phyllodes Tumors After Surgical Excision and Ultrasonography-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Excision
Authors: Kim Ga Ram , Kim Eun-Kyung , Yoon Jung Hyun , Kim Min Jung , Moon Hee Jung
Published: May 2016

The recurrence rates of benign phyllodes tumors diagnosed through surgery and ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision (US-VAE) were evaluated. A total of 146 benign phyllodes tumors diagnosed by surgery (n = 126) or US-VAE (n = 20) in 144 patients who had further follow-up after surgery or US-VAE were included (median follow-up period, 32.3 months; range, 6.7–142.5 months). Comparisons of recurrence rate, interval to recurrence, patient age, initial tumor size, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category, or follow-up interval were performed between the surgery and VAE groups and between groups with and without recurrence. Three cases (2.1%, 3/146) had recurrence and all were in the surgery group (2.4%, 3/126). The surgery group demonstrated larger size than the VAE group (median, 25 vs 16 mm; P < 0.001). The median age of women in the surgery group was older than those in the VAE group (39 vs 33 years, P = 0.509). The median age of women with recurrence (n = 3) was older than those without recurrence (n = 143, 49 vs 38 years, P = 0.023). In conclusion, when benign phyllodes tumor is unexpectedly diagnosed at US-VAE, if there is no residual lesion at US, clinical follow-up rather than further surgery might be recommended.
Sexual transmission causes a marked increase in the incidence of Zika in women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Coelho Flávio Codeço , Durovni Betina , Saraceni Valeria , Lemos Cristina , Codeço Claudia Torres , Camargo Sabrina , de Carvalho Luiz Max , Bastos Leonardo , Arduini Denise , Villela Daniel A.M. , Armstrong Margaret
Published: May 2016

The recent emergence of Zika in Brazil and its association with increased congenital malformation rates has raised concerns over its impact on the birth rates in the country. Using data on the incidence of Zika in 2015-2016 and dengue in 2013 and 2015-16 for the city of Rio de Janeiro (pop: 6.4 million), we document a massive increase of Zika in women compared to men. Even after correcting for the bias due to the systematic testing of pregnant women for Zika, there are 90% more registered cases per 100,000 women in the sexually active age group (15-65 years) than for men but not before 15 or after 65. Assuming that infected men transmit the disease to women in their semen but that the converse is not true, some extra incidence in women is to be expected. An alternate hypothesis would be that women visit doctors more often than men. To test this, we compared the incidence of dengue fever in men and women in 2015 and in 2013 (before Zika reached Rio de Janeiro): in both years, women are 30% more likely to be reported with dengue.

Summing up, women in the sexually active age bracket are far more likely to get Zika than men (+90% increase); sexual transmission is the most probable cause. Women in the 15-65 age group are also 30% more likely to be reported with dengue than men, which is probably due to women being more careful with their health.
Modelling the Decay of Hotspot Motifs in Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Lineages
Authors: Hoehn Kenneth B , Lunter Gerton , Pybus Oliver G
Published: May 2016

Phylogenetic methods have shown great promise in understanding the development of broadly neutralizing antibody lineages (bNAbs). However, mutational process for generating these lineages - somatic hypermutation (SHM) - is biased by hotspot motifs, which violates important assumptions in most phylogenetic substitution models. Here, we develop a modified GY94-type substitution model which partially accounts for this context-dependency while preserving independence of sites in calculation. This model shows a substantially better fit to three well-characterized bNAb lineages than the standard GY94 model. We show through simulations that accounting for this can lead to reduced bias of other substitution parameters, and more accurate ancestral state reconstructions. We further explore other implications of this model; namely, that the number of hotspot motifs - and therefore likely the mutation rate in general - is expected to decay over time in individual bNAb lineages.
A GTPase-Dependent Fine ER Is Required for Localized Secretion in Polarized Growth of Root Hairs
Authors: Qi Xingyun , Sun Jiaqi , Zheng Huanquan
Published: May 2016

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular network comprising membrane tubules and sheets stretching throughout the cytoplasm. Atlastin GTPases, including Atlastin-1 in mammals and RHD3 in plants, play a role in the generation of the interconnected tubular ER network by promoting the fusion of ER tubules. Root hairs in rhd3 are short and wavy, a defect reminiscent of axon growth in cells with depleted Atlastin-1. However, how a loss in the ER complexity could lead to a defective polarized cell growth of root hairs or neurons remains elusive. Using live-cell imaging techniques, we reveal that, a fine ER distribution, which is found in the subapical zone of growing root hairs of wild-type plants, is altered to thick bundles in rhd3. The localized secretion to the apical dome as well as the apical localization of root hair growth regulator ROP2 is oscillated in rhd3. Interestingly, the shift of ROP2 precedes the shift of localized secretion as well as the fine ER distribution in rhd3. Our live imaging and pharmacologic modification of root hair growth defects in rhd3 suggest that there is interplay between the ER and microtubules in the polarized cell growth of root hairs. We hypothesize that, under the guidance of ROP2, RHD3, together with the action of microtubules, is required for the formation of a fine ER structure in the subapical zone of growing root hairs. This fine ER structure is essential for the localized secretion to the apical dome in polarized cell growth.
Anisotropic compressibility of the coordination polymer emim[Mn(btc)]
Authors: Madsen Solveig R. , Moggach Stephen A. , Overgaard Jacob , Brummerstedt Iversen Bo
Published: May 2016

The effect of pressure on the crystal structure of a coordination polymer, emim[MnII(btc)] (emim = 1-ethyl,3-methyl imidazolium cation, btc = 1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxylate), was investigated with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. At 4.3 GPa the unit-cell volume had decreased by 14% compared with ambient conditions. The unit-cell contraction is highly anisotropic, with thea- andb-axes decreasing by 5.5 and 9.5%, respectively, and thec-axis compressing a mere 0.25% up to 1.7 GPa followed by a 0.2% expansion between 1.7 and 4.3 GPa. The 0.2% increase in length of thec-axis in this interval happens above the quasi-hydrostatic limit of the pressure-transmitting medium and therefore it might be a consequence of strain gradients. Under ambient conditions, two MnO6units are connected by two carboxylate ligands to form dimeric units. On increasing pressure, a non-bonded O atom from a bridging carboxylate group approaches the Mn atom, with the Mn—O distance decreasing from 2.866 (1) Å at 0.3 GPa to 2.482 (6) Å at 4.3 GPa, increasing the coordination environment of the Mn ion from six- to seven-coordinated.
Synthesis and crystal structure of NaMgFe(MoO4)3
Authors: Mhiri Manel , Badri Abdessalem , Ben Amara Mongi
Published: May 2016

The iron molybdate NaMgFe(MoO4)3{sodium magnesium iron(III) tris[molybdate(VI)]} has been synthesized by the flux method. This compound is isostructural with α-NaFe2(MoO4)3and crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP-1. Its structure is built up from [Mg,Fe]2O10units of edge-sharing [Mg,Fe]O6octahedra which are linked to each other through the common corners of [MoO4] tetrahedra. The resulting anionic three-dimensional framework leads to the formation of channels along the [101] direction in which the Na+cations are located.
(2Z)-3-Hydroxy-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Lee Sze-Ling , Tan Ai Ling , Young David J. , Jotani Mukesh M. , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: May 2016

The title compound, C13H10N2O2[also called 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)propane-1,3-dione], features an almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0095 Å) central C3O2core consolidated by an intramolecular hydroxy-O—H...O(carbonyl) hydrogen bond. Twists are evident in the molecule, as seen in the dihedral angles between the central core and the 2- and pyridin-3-yl rings of 8.91 (7) and 15.88 (6)°, respectively. The conformation about the C=C bond [1.3931 (17) Å] isZ, and the N atoms lie to the same side of the molecule. In the molecular packing, supramolecular chains along theaaxis are mediated by π(pyridin-2-yl)–π(pyridin-3-yl) interactions [inter-centroid distance = 3.7662 (9) Å]. The observation that chains pack with no directional interactions between them is consistent with the calculated electrostatic potential, which indicates that repulsive interactions dominate.
Crystal structure of bis(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) μ-oxalato-bis[n-butyltrichloridostannate(IV)]
Authors: Diop Mouhamadou Birame , Diop Libasse , Oliver Allen G.
Published: May 2016

The SnIVatom in the centrosymmetric anion of the title salt, (C4H7N2)2[Sn2(C4H9)2(C2O4)Cl6], is coordinated in a distorted octahedral mode by two O atoms of a bridging oxalate moiety, three Cl atoms and a C atom of ann-butyl group. The latter is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.66:0.33 occupancy ratio. N—H...O and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds involving the 2-methylimidazolium cation and neighbouring anions result in the formation of chains extending parallel to [001].
Improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of H13 steel by laser cladding with a WC/Co-Cr alloy coating
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Jie Xiaohua , Zhang Liuyan , Luo Song , Zheng Qiongbin
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss that a WC/Co-Cr alloy coating was applied to the surface of H13 steel by laser cladding.

Design/methodology/approach

The oxidation behavior of the WC/Co-Cr alloy coating at 600Â°C was investigated by comparing it with the performance of the steel substrate to better understand the thermal stability of H13 steel.

Findings

The results showed that the WC/Co-Cr alloy coating exhibited better high-temperature oxidation resistance and thermal stability than did uncoated H13 steel. The coated H13 steel had a lower mass gain rate and higher microhardness than did the substrate after different oxidation times.

Originality/value

The WC/Co-Cr alloy coating was composed of e-Co, CW3, Co6W6C, Cr23C6 and Cr7C3; this mixture offered good thermal stability and better high-temperature oxidation resistance.
Evolution of the sulfate ion transport-deterioration process in concrete
Authors: Tian Hao , Zhou Yingwu , Sui Lili , Xing Feng
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Sulfate-induced degradation is one of the most important factors influencing the durability of concrete. The paper aims to clarify the transport-deterioration process of sulfates in concrete and thus to explain the mechanism and the deterioration of concrete by sulfates.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents an experimental study into the evolution of the transport-deterioration process of sulfate ions in concrete in a pure soaking environment.

Findings

The microscopic morphology of individual concrete layers at different depths and the change law of the sulfate ion concentration at the corresponding depths were investigated for different exposure times. Furthermore, the relationship between the changes in microstructure and the transport characteristics of the sulfate ions was studied.

Originality/value

A method to calculate the cracking level sulfate ion concentration was proposed.
Dynamics of stainless steel corrosion based on the theory of phase space reconstruction and chaos
Authors: Men Hong , Sun Bin , Zhao Xiao , Li Xiujie , Liu Jingjing , Xu Zhiming
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the corrosion behavior of 304SS in three kinds of solution, 3.5 per cent NaCl, 5 per cent H2SO4 and 1 M (1 mol/L) NaOH, using electrochemical noise.

Design/methodology/approach

Corrosion types and rates were characterized by spectrum and time-domain analysis. EN signals were evaluated using a novel method of phase space reconstruction and chaos theory. To evaluate the chaotic characteristics of corrosion systems, the delay time was obtained by the mutual information method and the embedding dimension was obtained by the average false neighbors method.

Findings

The varying degrees of chaos in the corrosion systems were indicated by positive largest Lyapunov exponents of the electrochemical potential noise.

Originality/value

The change of correlation dimension in three kinds of solution demonstrated significant differences, clearly differentiating various types of corrosion.
Reduction of the biodegradation rate of MgZnSrCa alloy by use of a biomimetic apatite coating
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Shi Guian , Liu Yue , Wu Qin , Yang Wenhao , Zhao Linliang
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop new biodegradable magnesium alloy. Magnesium possesses similar mechanical properties to natural bone; it is a potential candidate for resorbable implant applications. However, in physiological conditions, the degradation rate of Mg is too high to be used as an implant material.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, Zn, Sr and Ca were chosen as alloying elements; a coating was deposited on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface by means of a biomimetic technique. The corrosion rates of the uncoated and coated specimens were tested in simulated body fluid.

Findings

The hydroxyapatite coating formed on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface and the hydroxyapatite layer markedly decreased the corrosion rate of the MgZnSrCa alloy.

Originality/value

A homogenous hydroxyapatite coating was formed on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface by using a biomimetic coating technique. The biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating markedly reduced the corrosion rate of the MgZnSrCa alloy, and the largest decrease in wastage rate was 44 per cent.
Framing as status or benefits?
Authors: Palmeira Mauricio , Pontes Nicolas , Thomas Dominic , Krishnan Shanker
Published: May 2016

Purpose

A fundamental aspect of hierarchical loyalty programs is that some consumers get rewards that others do not. Despite the widespread use of such programs, academics have long debated whether these benefits are outweighed by the potential negative impact of the differential treatment of customers. This study aims to extend our understanding, examining the impact of message framing on consumers’ reactions to hierarchical loyalty structures.

Design/methodology/approach

Three online studies were conducted. Study 1 uses advertisements to manipulate the message frame’s emphasis (benefits vs status). Study 2 manipulates consumers’ frame of thought by directing their attention to either changes in benefits or status. Finally, Study 3 uses the proposed framework to reconcile contradictory findings from past research.

Findings

Low-frequency customers who do not expect to qualify for a superior customer tier tend to reject hierarchical programs when thinking about status. In contrast, when these customers think about concrete rewards, loyalty program messages produce no negative reactions. High-frequency customers are positively affected by communication regardless of the type of benefits framed.

Research limitations/implications

All studies were done online, potentially limiting the external validity of the results. Nevertheless, the impact of message framing on perceptions about the loyalty program seems to be quite robust across different studies and manipulations.

Practical implications

When communicating with low-frequency customers, managers should avoid promising status; customers should instead be motivated based on concrete rewards. High-frequency customers are indifferent to alternative emphasis of communication frames.

Originality/value

Marketing academics have acknowledged the importance of being able to reward top customers without demotivating light and moderate users. This research is the first to provide a solution to this issue.
Improving agent-based models of diffusion
Authors: East Robert , Uncles Mark D. , Romaniuk Jenni , Lomax Wendy
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to review the validation of assumptions made in agent-based modeling of diffusion and the sufficiency (completeness) of the mechanisms assumed to operate.

Design/methodology/approach

One well-cited paper is examined.

Findings

Evidence is presented that casts doubt on the assumptions and mechanisms used. A range of mechanisms is suggested that should be evaluated for inclusion in diffusion modeling.

Originality/value

The need for validation of assumptions has been stressed elsewhere but there has been a lack of examples. This paper provides examples. The stress on the sufficiency of the mechanisms used is new.
Validation and sufficiency
Authors: East Robert , Uncles Mark D. , Romaniuk Jenni , Lomax Wendy
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to respond to the commentaries by Nejad, and Rand and Rust on the paper “Improving Agent-Based Models of Diffusion”.

Design/methodology/approach

Evidence on the nature of word of mouth was reviewed and related to the views expressed by the authors of the commentaries.

Findings

The authors of this paper remain concerned about the assumptions used in agent-based models of diffusion.

Originality/value

The study refers to previously published work.
Parsing out the effects of personal consumption norms and industry influences on food consumption volume
Authors: Zlatevska Natalina , Spence Mark T.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test whether individuals possess personal consumption norms and idiosyncratic reference points to which they target behaviour. These personal consumption norms are related to the amount of food consumed independent of industry influences, specifically the size of the package offered and the perceived healthiness of the food. We also examine the extent to which one’s commitment to adhere to their personal consumption norm (referred to as “commitment to norm”) influences food consumption volume.

Design/methodology/approach

Three experiments are presented, two involve estimates of food consumption and the third examines actual food consumption.

Findings

All studies demonstrate that participants can provide a personal consumption norm for how much food they would typically consume that is independent of manipulated industry influences and that actual consumption is significantly related to their personal consumption norms. Furthermore, commitment to norm is negatively related to the absolute difference between their personal consumption norm and the amount of food consumed; however, supporting evidence was only realized in the case of actual food consumption, suggesting that commitment to norm does not have an effect on the formation of intentions.

Research limitations/implications

The authors demonstrate that at a point in time, personal norms are fixed. However, it is possible that norms may be shaped by industry influences over time. The authors suggest further research into how these personal norms evolve over time, as well as assessing how these norms affect the likelihood of going from zero consumption to some positive amount.

Practical implications

Many studies indicate that marketers can easily influence food consumption volume. However, their ability to influence actual consumption volume is circumscribed by factors beyond their control, namely idiosyncratic personal consumption norms.

Social implications

Over time, it is likely that personal consumption norms have emanated from a variety of antecedents, almost certainly including prior industry experience and situational/social influences. Repeated exposure to external influences is likely to shift the personal norm reference point over time.

Originality/value

Personal consumption norms are carefully disentangled from industry influences and are shown to significantly relate to food consumption volume, independent (but not to the exclusion) of industry influences.