bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle-mediated histotripsy using dual-frequency histotripsy pulsing: Comparison of bubble-cloud characteristics and ablation efficiency
Authors: Edsall Connor W. , Huynh Laura , Yuksel Durmaz Yasemin , Mustafa Waleed , Vlaisavljevich Eli
Published: November 2022

Nanoparticle-mediated histotripsy (NMH) is a targeted ablation method using perfluorocarbon-filled nanoparticles to generate bubble-clouds at pressure levels (9–12 MPa) significantly below the histotripsy intrinsic threshold (>25 MPa). Prior studies have also shown a significant reduction in ablation efficiency compared to conventional histotripsy, likely from reduced bubble expansion and bubble-cloud density. Here, we investigate the bubble-cloud characteristics and ablation efficiency for NMH using dual-frequency pulsing. We hypothesize this method will increase ablation efficiency by increasing the bubble-cloud density and individual bubble expansion. High-speed optical imaging was used to characterize the cavitation threshold, cloud dimensions, and bubble-density of bubble clouds generated in agarose tissue phantoms, with and without perfluorohexane-filled nanocones, exposed to single-cycle dual-frequency pulses using a 500 kHz–3 MHz array transducer (1:1 pressure ratio). Ablation efficiency was investigated using red blood cell phantoms. Results showed dual-frequency NMH predictably produced smaller, denser, and more well-confined bubble-clouds and increased ablation efficiency compared to previous single-frequency studies, with complete ablation of the focal volume observed within 2000 pulses. This study demonstrates the potential of enhancing NMH ablation efficiency with dual-frequency pulsing and highlights the need for further studies to optimize NMH pulsing parameters for future clinical therapy development.
Numerical modeling of low-frequency scattering from targets buried under rough seafloors
Authors: Sabatini Roberto , Pailhas Yan , Cristini Paul , Xenaki Angeliki
Published: November 2022

The acoustic backscattering of elastic bodies lying across the seafloor is a problem of great interest in many underwater applications, such as detecting and classifying buried objects. In this work, the backscattered wavefield of meter-sized targets is investigated numerically in the 1–50 kHz frequency band. The simulator solves the three-dimensional linearized equations of continuum mechanics. The computations are performed through a multi-GPU solver based on a multi-grid staggered finite-difference time-domain method (cf. Sabatini et al., 181st ASA Meeting, Seattle, Washington, 2021). The effects of the seafloor roughness and the target burial depth on the spectrum of the scattered field are more specifically analyzed. This study demonstrates the usefulness of direct numerical simulations of acoustic scattering from realistic elastic objects in complex underwater environments to improve the capabilities of sonar systems in detecting and identifying buried objects.
Numerical exploration of acoustic dipole helical wave generation
Authors: Eastland Grant , Curry Peter J.
Published: November 2022

The focus of this talk is on acoustic helical waves, which are a type of wave that transmits phase information across a section of the plane linearly about the azimuth and can transfer angular momentum via the axial phase profile and have recently been applied to navigation and communications systems. A phased array of four crossed circular baffled transducers each producing a pressure field 90° out of phase adjacent to one another are used to create the pressure field. The far field pressure is determined utilizing a paraxial ray approximation for ideal sources but applied to the more complex conceptualization. The construction is effectively two perpendicular dipoles 90° out of phase and from superposition of the arrangement produce the helical wave. The mathematical model will be summarized and simulated. An interesting approximation of the total field is also given, relating the helical wave to a Bessel beam. Numerical examination of the arrangement is examined with visualizations of the pressure field, and discussion is given regarding transients created when the direction of helix changes.
A fast solver framework for acoustic hybrid integral equations
Authors: Kaplan Meydan , Brick Yaniv
Published: November 2022

Reliable modeling of the scattering by acoustically large and geometrically complex objects can be achieved by means of subdomain-dependent problem formulation and a numerically rigorous solution. While the objects’ inhomogeneity has driven the development of differential equation formulations and solvers, integral equation formulations, where the object’s background is modeled via a Green’s function, are advantageous for unbounded domains. In the hybrid integral equations approach (Usner et al., 2006), the interaction of separate subdomains with external fields is described by pertinent integral equations. Their Galerkin discretization leads to a dense blocked stiffness matrix. The development of compressed representations of the matrix, which are necessary for the treatment of large systems, becomes non-trivial due to the multitude of integral equation kernels and the different geometrical and physical characteristic of the subdomains. As part of the development of a fast hybrid integral equation solver framework, we consider the case of objects composed of large inhomogeneous volumes, modeled as incompressible fluids, and of simplified solids, modeled via surface integral equations. A hybrid integral equation formulation is derived and solved numerically. The iterative solution is accelerated by employing the butterfly-compressed hierarchical representation of the stiffness matrix, recently used for acoustic volume integral equations (Kaplan, 2022).
Performance evaluation of automotive Hands-free microphones using subjective and objective metrics and their correlation
Authors: Du Yu
Published: November 2022

Hands-free, or voice, microphone is a standard device used in cars to enable hands-free telephony. The speech intelligibility and quality (SI&SQ) associated with such a microphone represents the ultimate performance considered by users. However, the SI&SQ cannot be derived from microphone datasheets. Furthermore, the complex and constantly changing automotive acoustical environment under different driving conditions makes it very challenging to choose the proper hands-free microphone design(s) for certain vehicle model(s). To establish the relationship between microphone characteristics commonly described by directivities and frequency-responses with the SI&SQ perceived by drivers and passengers in automotive applications, a study is conducted using three common types of automotive hands-free microphones. Their SI&SQ are evaluated using both subjective and objective metrics described in ANSI S3.2-2009, S3.5-1997 and ITU-T Recommendation P.862.2. The correlation of results obtained from different evaluation metrics is analyzed. It is shown that the speech intelligibility index (SII) calculated objectively using ANSI S3.5-1997 correlates approximately linearly with the SI data obtained from the subjective S3.2-2009 method. With some mathematical mapping, a modified SII can be derived that also correlates well with the mean-opinion-score predicted by P.862.2. The newly proposed modified SII method can be an effective tool to guide automotive hands-free microphone designs.
Graduate study in physical acoustics at the University of Mississippi
Authors: Mobley Joel , Labuda Cecille , Zhang Likun , Gladden Joseph
Published: November 2022

The University of Mississippi is a PhD granting institution with an R1 Carnegie designation placing it among schools with the highest level of research activity. The Department of Physics and Astronomy at the university has a diverse range of research opportunities which includes Physical Acoustics. Our acoustics program is affiliated with the National Center for Physical Acoustics (NCPA). NCPA is an 85,000 square foot standalone facility on the campus of the University of Mississippi solely dedicated to the physics and engineering applications of acoustics. It has research groups dedicated to ultrasound, infrasound, aeroacoustics, atmospheric propagation, porous media, and ocean acoustics. Graduate students in both physics and engineering are pursuing PhD and MS degrees at NCPA, and four faculty members from the physics department have their research laboratories in the facility. In addition to acoustics, our department provides a broad range of research opportunities in other subfields. We have two groups associated with recent Nobel Prizes in Gravitation and High Energy Physics and offer additional programs in Computational Physics and Atmospheric Physics. Our faculty are involved with national and international collaborations including the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), The European Center for Particle Physics (CERN) and Fermilab.
Graduate studies in acoustics and wave physics at Institut d’Acoustique - Graduate School, Le Mans, France
Authors: Tournat Vincent
Published: November 2022

This poster presents the graduate studies in Acoustics at Le Mans (France) offered at the “Institut d’Acoustique - Graduate School”. Graduate studies in Acoustics at Le Mans University have been awarded in 2018 the excellence label “École Universitaire de Recherche” among 28 other reference centers for all fields of Science, through a highly selective national call. Our master and engineering school programs range from physical acoustics, environmental acoustics, acoustics and vibrations to international masters on electro-acoustics and on wave physics. The education through research is carried out at the LAUM, UMR CNRS, one of the largest acoustics laboratory in the world. Several details, objectives, student feedbacks and contact informations on the graduates studies will be given on the poster.
Influence of uncertainties in noise maps on their urban planning interpretation
Authors: Migneron Jean-Philippe , Hubert Frédéric , Migneron Jean-Gabriel
Published: November 2022

The use of noise mapping in urban planning can be used to analyze different situations such as predictive studies of new developments, environmental assessments, and estimation of noise exposure for public health protection. The statistical significance of the results illustrated in the noise maps must be understood by their readers, especially if it concerns the implementation of public policies or compliance with existing regulations. Based on the examples defined by the ISO 17534 standards, some experiments are explained showing the effect of the uncertainties associated with noise maps on their interpretation for land use planning.
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy for characterization of lattice instability of shape memory alloys
Authors: Seiner Hanus , Sedlak Petr
Published: November 2022

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are materials able to undergo reversible displacive transitions between different crystal lattices. This ability is reflected by the elastic constants of the individual phases, as certain combinations of these constants exhibit anomalous softening when the crystal approaches the transformation temperature or when the lattice is destabilized by the presence of mobile interfaces. The lecture will summarize the advantages of using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS), and in particular its contact-less laser-based modification, for detecting and evaluating these elastic anomalies. Three recently studied cases will be discussed: i) single crystals of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys in which the instability-induced softening couples with magnetoelasticity; ii) fine regular laminates in tetragonal martensitic lattices in which the soft combinations of the elastic constants have to be calculated from the effective elastic response of the microstructure; iii) modulated crystals with highly mobile interfaces that act as strongly-nonlinear mechanical oscillators and where the properties of the interfaces can be achieved by analyzing the non-linearity.
Ultrasonically determined elastic constants of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel
Authors: Hayward Mason , Petculescu Gabriela , Murray Erica
Published: November 2022

We determined the effect of laser speed on the elastic constants of additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). The alloy (316L) has biomechanical applications, such as medical implants. AM disks were manufactured at a constant power of 100 W and varying laser speeds of 800, 1000, and 1200 mm/s. RUS samples were extracted from the disks to determine the effects of fabrication parameters on elastic constants, as well as variations in properties across a single disk. As laser speed increases, the longitudinal (c11) moduli decreases from 284.74 GPa to 226.84 GPa, while the shear (c44) moduli exhibits minimal change. The measurement error in both moduli increases as laser speed decreases, which is attributed to the textured polycrystal nature of the samples built at lower speed. At lower speed, a greater amount of energy is deposited within the volume, allowing grains more time to grow. The grain structure determined by electron backscatter diffraction shows large crystallite formations in the 800 mm/s sample while the 1200 mm/s sample shows more homogenous small-grain distribution, which is expected of an ideal polycrystal. Variations of properties across the disk will also be presented.
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurement and modeling of additively manufactured octet truss lattice cubes
Authors: Tran Brian , Fisher Karl A. , Wang Jenny , Divin Chuck , Balensiefer Gabriel
Published: November 2022

Advancement of additive manufacturing technological readiness requires high throughput evaluation capabilities that can keep pace with the development of complex parts. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is an acoustic technique that provides rapid holistic probing of a part by tracking fundamental mechanical resonance modes. In this work, the RUS responses of additively manufactured Ti-5553 octet truss lattice cubes were characterized using experimental measurements and three-dimensional finite element models. Varying percentages of missing struts were designed into the lattices as controlled defects and were verified using X-ray computed tomography. Experimental measurements of density and Young’s modulus were treated as input parameters in a homogenous anisotropic continuum model. The continuum model was compared with experimental RUS measurements, thus evaluating the potential for a simplified approximation of the octet truss lattice. [This work was supported by US DOE LLNL-LDRD 20-SI-001 and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.]
Perceptual effects of formant enhancement with the factors of phonetic type, listening conditions, and language experience of listeners
Authors: Li Mingshuang , Liu Chang
Published: November 2022

The second formant (F2) enhancement is a technique that aims to improve speech perception in adverse noise by amplifying the F2 of speech signals. The current study was to investigate whether F2 enhancement would improve speech identification with the factors of phonetic type (e.g., vowel and consonant), listening conditions (e.g., speech and nonspeech noise at moderately and challenging SNRs), and language experience of listeners (e.g., native and nonnative listeners), whether the amount of perceptual benefit was dependent on these factors. Two groups of participants, English native and nonnative listeners, were recruited in this study. Identification of English vowels and consonants with and without F2 enhancement were measured in quiet, long-term speech-shaped noise (LTSSN) and six-talker babble (6-TB) at the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of −10 dB and −15 dB. Overall, significant improvements from F2 enhancement were found in both vowel and consonant identification for both native and nonnative listeners in various listening conditions. Furthermore, greater improvement was found at the SNR of −15 dB than at the SNR of −10 dB, as well as for nonnative listeners than native listeners in vowel identification. Meanwhile, the amount of benefit was generally comparable in speech and nonspeech noise. These results indicate that F2 enhancement could improve phonetic identification in noise for native and nonnative listeners, showing a potential as a speech enhancement algorithm in challenging noise.
Inferring pitch from coarse spectral features
Authors: Ma Danni , Ryant Neville , Liberman Mark
Published: November 2022

Fundamental frequency (F0) has long been treated as the physical definition of “pitch” in phonetic analysis. But there have been many demonstrations that F0 is at best an approximation to pitch, both in production and in perception: pitch is not F0, and F0 is not pitch. Changes in the pitch involve many articulatory and acoustic covariates; pitch perception often deviates from what F0 analysis predicts; and in fact, quasi-periodic signals from a single voice source are often incompletely characterized by an attempt to define a single time-varying F0. In this paper, we find strong support for the existence of covariates for pitch in aspects of relatively coarse spectra, in which an overtone series is not available. Thus linear regression can predict the pitch of simple vocalizations, produced by an articulatory synthesizer or by human, from single frames of such coarse spectra. Across speakers, and in more complex vocalizations, our experiments indicate that the covariates are not quite so simple, though apparently still available for more sophisticated modeling. On this basis, we propose that the field needs a better way of thinking about speech pitch, just as celestial mechanics requires us to go beyond Newton's point mass approximations to heavenly bodies.
Surrogate modeling in structural vibration problems with dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Blubaugh Frank
Published: November 2022

Solving large-scale vibration problems presents a difficult challenge for complicated geometries that is only addressable through the use of large-scale compute resources. These problems not only require extensive compute time and cost, but are also expensive in engineering hours for modeling and analysis. While optimization techniques can help limit engineering time in the loop, the computational requirements of these models have made applying traditional optimization techniques to this class of problem untenable. Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is an approach that can help bridge this gap by building high-fidelity surrogate models allowing for the inline development of a surrogate model to dramatically reduce the computational time and complexity of a problem. This approach enables fast frequency sweeping while capturing the dominant dynamics of the model. DMD has historically been applied to other high-data volume models such as computational fluid dynamics, medical imaging and controls, as well as less structured problems including sociology and market behavior. This paper will cover the fundamentals of Dynamic Mode Decomposition, the extension of the theory to apply the technique to vibration problems, the demonstration of a potential workflow, and show how this technique performs on simple test cases illustrating performance speed ups for classic problems from existing literature.
Neuronavigation-guided transcranial histotripsy, results in a cadaveric model
Authors: Sukovich Jonathan R. , Hall Timothy L. , Choi Sang-Won , Komaiha Mahmoud , Lu Ning , Choi Dave , Xu Zhen
Published: November 2022

Results from neuronavigation-guided transcranial histotripsy treatments in cadaveric models are presented. Histotripsy treatments were delivered transcranially to the brains of 3 cadavers (<96-h post-mortem) using a 30-cm diameter, 700-kHz, 360-element, transmit-receive capable transcranial histotripsy array. Pre-treatment CT and MRI scans of the head were acquired. A clinical neuronavigation system was used to coregister the histotripsy array with the cadaver head and guide treatments. Two-step aberration correction, combining pre-treatment CT-based correction and intra-procedure acoustic cavitation emission (ACE)-based correction, was employed to correct for skull-induced acoustic aberrations. Cavitation was generated at rates up to 200-Hz, and steered through 1-cm wide cubic targets in the brain. ACE signals were acquired throughout treatments using the array elements as receivers and used to localize cavitation and monitor treatment.Transcranial histotripsy was successfully applied to generate lesions in the cadaver brains. Two-step aberration correction resulted in significant improvements in focal quality and pressure. ACE-based cavitation localization could be achieved at rates up to 120-Hz. Neuronavigation-based coregistration/targeting errors ranged from 3 to 9-mm, but workflow issues have been identified and refinements have since reduced targeting errors to ≤1.5-mm. Changes in ACE signal features throughout treatments were observed to correlate with morphological observations of induced damage.
Effects of pulse repetition frequency on bubble cloud characteristics and ablation for single-cycle histotripsy
Authors: Simon Alex , Edsall Connor , Vlaisavljevich Eli
Published: November 2022

Histotripsy is a cavitation-based focused ultrasound ablation method in development for multiple clinical applications. This work investigates the effects of pulse repetition frequency (PRF) on histotripsy bubble cloud characteristics and ablative capabilities for single cycle histotripsy. Bubble clouds produced by a 500 kHz histotripsy system at PRF’s from 0.1 to 1000 Hz were visualized using high speed imaging in 1% agarose phantoms. Cloud images were analyzed to determine bubble cloud density (bubbles/mm2) and pulse-to-pulse bubble correlation. Ablation was assessed through lesion analysis in red blood cell (RBC) phantoms. Results showed cavitation clouds generated at low PRF were characterized by consistently dense bubble clouds (49.6 ± 7.7 bubbles/mm2, 1 Hz) that closely matched regions above the histotripsy intrinsic threshold. Bubble clouds formed at high PRF had significantly lower cloud density (20.0 ± 8.3 bubbles/mm2, 1000 Hz). In addition, bubbles in higher PRF clouds had significantly increased pulse-to-pulse correlation, characteristic of what has been reported as the cavitation memory effect. Results from RBC ablation showed that higher PRF generated lesions had lower adherence to the focal region and less repeatability compared to low PRF ablations. This study demonstrates essential differences in bubble cloud characteristics that will help guide future histotripsy pulsing strategies.
Evaluation of glottal inverse filtering in the presence of source-filter interaction
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyan , Lin Joyce
Published: November 2022

Glottal inverse filtering is often used to recover the glottal flow waveform from the produced voice outcomes. While there have been many studies aiming to evaluate its validity, few studies investigated its validity in voice conditions with strong source-filter interaction. The goal of this study is to evaluate the performance of glottal inverse filtering in conditions of epilaryngeal tube narrowing and/or reduced lip opening, both of which are expected to enhance source-filter interaction. Computational simulation of voice production was performed using a three-dimensional vocal fold model coupled to a vocal tract with varying degrees of constriction at the epilarynx and lips. Different algorithms of inverse filtering were then used to estimate the glottal airflow waveform from either the produced voice or airflow at the lips, and compared to the true glottal airflow from the simulation. The estimation errors in the glottal flow waveform and selected glottal flow-based measures will be evaluated as a function of the epilaryngeal and lip openings.
Virome Analysis of Normal and Growth Retardation Disease-Affected Macrobrachiumrosenbergii
Authors: Zhou Dandan , Liu Shanshan , Guo Guangyu , He Xinyi , Xing Chengguang , Miao Qijin , Chen Gongrui , Chen Xiaolin , Yan Hongyu , Zeng Jiamin , Zheng Zhenwen , Deng Hengwei , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo
Published: November 2022

Growth retardation disease (GRD) has seriously affected the development and economic growth of the
M. rosenbergii
aquaculture industry. Our virome analysis showed that diverse viral sequences were present in
M. rosenbergii
, significantly expanding our knowledge of viral diversity in
M. rosenbergii
.
Culture-Independent Detection and Identification of
Leptospira
Serovars
Authors: Matthias Michael A. , Lubar Aristea A. , Lanka Acharige Shalka S. , Chaiboonma Kira L. , Pilau Nicholas N. , Marroquin Alan S. , Jayasundara Dinesha , Agampodi Suneth , Vinetz Joseph M.
Published: November 2022

Leptospirosis is caused by a diverse group of pathogenic spirochetes comprising over 200 different serotypes. Some are widely reported and of public health importance owing to their propensity to produce severe, fatal disease in humans.
Cyanobacterial Blooms Are Not a Result of Positive Selection by Freshwater Eutrophication
Authors: Yu Yang , Cheng Wenduo , Chen Xiaoyuan , Guo Qisen , Cao Huansheng
Published: November 2022

CyanoHABs are global environmental hazards, and their mechanisms of action are being intensively investigated. On an ecological scale, CyanoHABs are consequences of synergistic interactions between biological functions and elevated nutrients in eutrophic waters. On an evolutionary scale, one important question is how bloom-forming cyanobacteria acquire these superior biological functions.
Infection Characteristics and Transcriptomics of African Swine Fever Virus in Bama Minipigs
Authors: Lv Changjie , Yang Jingyu , Zhao Li , Wu Chao , Kang Chao , Zhang Qiang , Sun Xiaomei , Chen Xi , Zou Zhong , Jin Meilin
Published: November 2022

African swine fever virus (ASFV) can only infect pigs rather than other animals. However, the domestic pigs cannot be kept in small ABSL-3 laboratories for a long time due to the characteristics of rapid growth and large size, which hinder ASFV research, including research of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and mechanisms.
Retracted papers originating from paper mills: cross sectional study
Authors: Candal-Pedreira Cristina , Ross Joseph S , Ruano-Ravina Alberto , Egilman David S , Fernández Esteve , Pérez-Ríos Mónica
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To describe retracted papers originating from paper mills, including their characteristics, visibility, and impact over time, and the journals in which they were published.

Design

Cross sectional study.

Setting

The Retraction Watch database was used for identification of retracted papers from paper mills, Web of Science was used for the total number of published papers, and data from Journal Citation Reports were collected to show characteristics of journals.

Participants

All paper mill papers retracted from 1 January 2004 to 26 June 2022 were included in the study. Papers bearing an expression of concern were excluded.

Main outcome measures

Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the sample and analyse the trend of retracted paper mill papers over time, and to analyse their impact and visibility by reference to the number of citations received.

Results

1182 retracted paper mill papers were identified. The publication of the first paper mill paper was in 2004 and the first retraction was in 2016; by 2021, paper mill retractions accounted for 772 (21.8%) of the 3544 total retractions. Overall, retracted paper mill papers were mostly published in journals of the second highest Journal Citation Reports quartile for impact factor (n=529 (44.8%)) and listed four to six authors (n=602 (50.9%)). Of the 1182 papers, almost all listed authors of 1143 (96.8%) paper mill retractions came from Chinese institutions and 909 (76.9%) listed a hospital as a primary affiliation. 15 journals accounted for 812 (68.7%) of 1182 paper mill retractions, with one journal accounting for 166 (14.0%). Nearly all (n=1083, 93.8%) paper mill retractions had received at least one citation since publication, with a median of 11 (interquartile range 5-22) citations received.

Conclusions

Papers retracted originating from paper mills are increasing in frequency, posing a problem for the research community. Retracted paper mill papers most commonly originated from China and were published in a small number of journals. Nevertheless, detected paper mill papers might be substantially different from those that are not detected. New mechanisms are needed to identify and avoid this relatively new type of misconduct.
Transcriptomic and immunophenotypic profiling reveals molecular and immunological hallmarks of colorectal cancer tumourigenesis
Authors: Roelands Jessica , van der Ploeg Manon , Ijsselsteijn Marieke E , Dang Hao , Boonstra Jurjen J , Hardwick James C H , Hawinkels Lukas J A C , Morreau Hans , de Miranda Noel F C C
Published: November 2022

Objective

Biological insights into the stepwise development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are imperative to develop tailored approaches for early detection and optimal clinical management of this disease. Here, we aimed to dissect the transcriptional and immunologic alterations that accompany malignant transformation in CRC and to identify clinically relevant biomarkers through spatial profiling of pT1 CRC samples.

Design

We employed digital spatial profiling (GeoMx) on eight pT1 CRCs to study gene expression in the epithelial and stromal segments across regions of distinct histology, including normal mucosa, low-grade and high-grade dysplasia and cancer. Consecutive histology sections were profiled by imaging mass cytometry to reveal immune contextures. Finally, publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing data was analysed to determine the cellular origin of relevant transcripts.

Results

Comparison of gene expression between regions within pT1 CRC samples identified differentially expressed genes in the epithelium (n=1394 genes) and the stromal segments (n=1145 genes) across distinct histologies. Pathway analysis identified an early onset of inflammatory responses during malignant transformation, typified by upregulation of gene signatures such as innate immune sensing. We detected increased infiltration of myeloid cells and a shift in macrophage populations from pro-inflammatory HLA-DR+CD204−macrophages to HLA-DR−CD204+immune-suppressive subsets from normal tissue through dysplasia to cancer, accompanied by the upregulation of the CD47/SIRPα ‘don’t eat me signal’.

Conclusion

Spatial profiling revealed the molecular and immunological landscape of CRC tumourigenesis at early disease stage. We identified biomarkers with strong association with disease progression as well as targetable immune processes that are exploitable in a clinical setting.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing excludes significant disease in patients recovering from COVID-19
Authors: Holdsworth D A , Barker-Davies R M , Chamley R R , O’Sullivan O , Ladlow P , May S , Houston A D , Mulae J , Xie C , Cranley M , Sellon E , Naylor J , Halle M , Parati G , Davos C , Rider O J , Bennett A B , Nicol E D
Published: November 2022

Objective

Post-COVID-19 syndrome presents a health and economic challenge affecting ~10% of patients recovering from COVID-19. Accurate assessment of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome is complicated by health anxiety and coincident symptomatic autonomic dysfunction. We sought to determine whether either symptoms or objective cardiopulmonary exercise testing could predict clinically significant findings.

Methods

113 consecutive military patients were assessed in a comprehensive clinical pathway. This included symptom reporting, history, examination, spirometry, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in all, with chest CT, dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography and cardiac MRI where indicated. Symptoms, CPET findings and presence/absence of significant pathology were reviewed. Data were analysed to identify diagnostic strategies that may be used to exclude significant disease.

Results

7/113 (6%) patients had clinically significant disease adjudicated by cardiothoracic multidisciplinary team (MDT). These patients had reduced fitness (V̇O226.7 (±5.1) vs 34.6 (±7.0) mL/kg/min; p=0.002) and functional capacity (peak power 200 (±36) vs 247 (±55) W; p=0.026) compared with those without significant disease. Simple CPET criteria (oxygen uptake (V̇O2) >100% predicted and minute ventilation (VE)/carbon dioxide elimination (V̇CO2) slope <30.0 or VE/V̇CO2slope <35.0 in isolation) excluded significant disease with sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 83%, respectively (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.89). The addition of capillary blood gases to estimate alveolar–arterial gradient improved diagnostic performance to 100% sensitivity and 78% specificity (AUC 0.92). Symptoms and spirometry did not discriminate significant disease.

Conclusions

In a population recovering from SARS-CoV-2, there is reassuringly little organ pathology. CPET and functional capacity testing, but not reported symptoms, permit the exclusion of clinically significant disease.
String with deformed dispersion relation
Authors: Klusoň J.
Published: November 2022

We study string theory with momentum living on de Sitter space. We argue that consistency of the theory implies that the global momentum can be defined on de Sitter space. Then we perform careful canonical analysis and we we also show that this presumption leads to the string with deformed dispersion relation.
Room-temperature polarization of individual nuclear spins in diamond via anisotropic hyperfine coupling and coherent population trapping
Authors: Jamonneau P. , Dréau A. , Hétet G. , Roch J. F. , Maze J. R. , Jacques V.
Published: November 2022

We employ the electronic spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond to detect and control the quantum state of remote nuclear spins coupled by hyperfine interaction. More precisely, our work focuses on individual $$^{13}\text {C}$$

13

C

nuclei featuring a moderate hyperfine coupling strength ($$\sim 1$$

∼
1

 MHz) with the NV’s electron spin. Two different methods providing an efficient room-temperature polarization of these peculiar $$^{13}\text {C}$$

13

C

nuclear spins are described. The first one is based on a polarization transfer from the NV electron spin to the $$^{13}\text {C}$$

13

C

nucleus, which is mediated by the anisotropic component of the hyperfine interaction. The second one relies on coherent population trapping (CPT) within a $$\Lambda $$
Λ
-type energy-level configuration in the microwave domain, which enables to initialize the $$^{13}\text {C}$$

13

C

nuclear spin in any quantum state superposition on the Bloch sphere. This CPT protocol is performed in an unusual regime for which relaxation from the excited level of the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
-scheme is externally triggered by optical pumping and separated in time from coherent microwave excitations. For these two polarization techniques, we investigate the impact of optical illumination on the nuclear spin polarization efficiency. This work adds new methods to the quantum toolbox used for coherent control of individual nuclear spins in diamond, which might find applications in quantum metrology.

Graphical Abstract
Primordial black holes and mirror dark matter
Authors: Kitabayashi Teruyuki
Published: November 2022

If mirror matter exists but cannot comprise all of the dark matter (DM) in the universe, we can expect that the additional DM component may only interact with the other sectors gravitationally. One of the natural candidates of a gravitationally interacting component is a primordial black hole (PBH). Therefore, if mirror matter exists but cannot comprise all of the DM in the universe, the existence of PBH may be expected as a candidate of the additional DM component. In this case, the remaining DM components may be PBHs or [Formula: see text] singlet particles from PBH. We show constraints on PBH with the mirror DM. Particularly, the initial PBH mass is estimated to be [Formula: see text], if the DM comprises mirror baryons and PBHs.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF MONKEYPOX VIA FRACTIONAL-CALCULUS
Authors: ALHARBI RABAB , JAN RASHID , ALYOBI SULTAN , ALTAYEB YOUSIF , KHAN ZIAD
Published: November 2022

In this research work, we offer an epidemic model for monkeypox virus infection with the help of non-integer derivative as well as classical ones. The model takes into account every potential connection that can aid in the spread of infection among the people. We look into the model’s endemic equilibrium, disease-free equilibrium, and reproduction number [Formula: see text]. In addition to this, we concentrated on the qualitative analysis and dynamic behavior of the monkeypox virus. Through fixed point theorem, Banach’s and Schaefer’s are applied to study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the suggested system of the monkeypox virus infection. We provide the necessary criteria for the recommended fractional system’s Ulam–Hyers stability. Furthermore, a numerical approach is used to study the solution routes and emphasize how the parameters affect the dynamics of the monkey pox virus. The most crucial features of the dynamics of the monkeypox virus are noticed and suggested to decision-makers.
Computing the strong metric dimension for co-maximal ideal graphs of commutative rings
Authors: Shahriyari R. , Nikandish R. , Tehranian A. , Rasouli H.
Published: November 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with identity. The co-maximal ideal graph of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is a simple graph whose vertices are proper ideals of [Formula: see text] which are not contained in the Jacobson radical [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we use Gallai’s Theorem and the concept of strong resolving graph to compute the strong metric dimension for co-maximal ideal graphs of commutative rings. Explicit formulae for the strong metric dimension, depending on whether the ring is reduced or not, are established.
On X-generalized skew derivations and their applications
Authors: De Filippis Vincenzo , Scudo Giovanni , Wei Feng
Published: November 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime ring of characteristic different from [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be its right Martindale quotient ring and [Formula: see text] be its extended centroid, [Formula: see text] be an automorphism of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be a skew derivation of [Formula: see text] with associated automorphism [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be two nonzero [Formula: see text]-generalized skew derivation of [Formula: see text] with associated term [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, [Formula: see text] be the set of the evaluations of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a non-central multilinear polynomial over [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] non-commuting variables. Let [Formula: see text] be such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. Then one of the following statements holds : (a) [Formula: see text] is central valued on [Formula: see text] and there exist [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]; (b) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

In the last part of the paper, we present some applications on the basis of the foregoing proposed result.
Stochastic and Club Convergence in Real Wages in European Union: Evidence from Aggregate and Sector Level Data
Authors: Trofimov Ivan D. , Sharaan Ahmed
Published: November 2022

The paper examined real wage convergence across 27 European economies, at aggregate and sectoral levels, using the panel unit root tests of stochastic convergence and the club clustering procedure. Convergence was absent for a panel as a whole, but present within the clubs. In most sectors, the common component of the relative wages was stationary, while idiosyncratic component contained unit roots, suggesting the country- and sector-specific drivers of convergence and only transitory effects of exogenous forces. The most pronounced club convergence was observed in the sectors characterized by significant labor mobility, knowledge intensity and speed of technological change.
Large effective piezoelectric response from the spontaneously polarized surface layer in P(VDF-TrFE) arch films
Authors: Hu Xinping , Zhu Yuhong , Chu Baojin
Published: November 2022

In this work, we show that a [Formula: see text]150 pC/N can be obtained in nonpoled poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) copolymer films with an arch structure. The copolymer films, which are often thought to be homogeneous, are in fact inhomogeneous in microstructure and physical properties after film fabrication. Although a large proportion of the copolymer film is nonpolar, as expected in a nonpoled ferroelectric film, the surface regions of the film are spontaneously polarized. We propose that inhomogeneous stress in the surface regions, which is either from the constraint of the substrate or skin layer effect formed during the film fabrication, generates a flexoelectric response and orients the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric film. As a result of the polar surface regions, the nonpoled films exhibit a piezoelectric response. The piezoelectric response is further amplified by the special arch structure of the films, leading to the observed large effective piezoelectric response. This study not only discovers the polar surface effect in ferroelectric polymer films, but also proposes an approach to design polymer materials with a strong piezoelectric response.
Melody Generation from Lyrics with Local Interpretability
Authors: Duan Wei , Yu Yi , Zhang Xulong , Tang Suhua , Li Wei , Oyama Keizo
Published: November 2022

Melody generation aims to learn the distribution of real melodies to generate new melodies conditioned on lyrics, which has been a very interesting topic in the area of artificial intelligence and music. However, a challenging issue still limits the quality and reliability of melody generation conditioned on lyrics: how to enhance the interpretability between the input lyrics and generated melodies so humans can understand their relationships. To solve this issue, in this article, we propose a model for melody generation from lyrics with local interpretability, which contains two significant contributions: (i) Mutual information between input lyrics and generated melody is exploited to instruct the training of the network, which avoids the loss of content consistency during the training stage. (ii) Transformer is explored to efficiently extract semantic features from lyrics sequences, which provides more interpretable correlations between different syllables in lyrics. Experiments on a large-scale dataset with paired lyrics-melodies demonstrate that the proposed approach can generate higher-quality melodies from lyrics compared with existing methods.
SIGecom winter meeting 2022 highlights
Authors: Diana Emily , Niu Mingzi , Noarov Georgy
Published: November 2022

Emily Diana
is a rising fifth year Ph.D. student in Statistics and Data Science at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, where she is advised by Michael Kearns and Aaron Roth. Her research focuses on the intersection of ethical algorithm design and socially aware machine learning, and she is honored to have been recognized as both a Rising Star in EECS by MIT and a Future Leader in Data Science by the University of Michigan. Before Penn, she received a B.A. in Applied Mathematics from Yale and an M.S. in Statistics from Stanford, and she spent two years as a software developer at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

Mingzi Niu
is a rising fifth year Ph.D. student in Economics at Rice University, where she is advised by Mallesh Pai and Hülya Eraslan. Her research interest are primarily in microeconomic theory, with a focus on mechanism design, information theory and behavioral economics. Before Rice, she received a B.A. in Finance and Banking and a B.S. in Mathematics and Statistics at Peking University, and a M.A. in Economics at Duke University.

Georgy Noarov
is a rising third year PhD student in Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania, advised by Michael Kearns and Aaron Roth. Previously, he graduated from Princeton University with a B.A. in Mathematics. His research interests span across the fields of uncertainty quantification, online learning, fairness in machine learning, and algorithmic game theory.
Puzzle
Authors: Conitzer Vincent
Published: November 2022

Please send solutions to the author by e-mail, with the title of this puzzle in the subject header. The best solution will be published in the next issue of SIGecom Exchanges, provided that this solution is of sufficiently high quality. Quality is judged by the author, taking into account at least soundness, completeness, and clarity of exposition. (Incidentally, there is another birthday puzzle for which we still need a solution [1]!)
Scale-out Systolic Arrays
Authors: Yüzügüler Ahmet Caner , Sönmez Canberk , Drumond Mario , Oh Yunho , Falsafi Babak , Frossard Pascal
Published: November 2022

Multi-pod systolic arrays are emerging as the architecture of choice in DNN inference accelerators. Despite their potential, designing multi-pod systolic arrays to maximize effective throughput/Watt—i.e., throughput/Watt adjusted when accounting for array utilization—poses a unique set of challenges. In this work, we study three key pillars in multi-pod systolic array designs, namely array granularity, interconnect, and tiling. We identify optimal array granularity across workloads and show that state-of-the-art commercial accelerators use suboptimal array sizes for single-tenancy workloads. We, then evaluate the bandwidth/latency trade-offs in interconnects and show that Butterfly networks offer a scalable topology for accelerators with a large number of pods. Finally, we introduce a novel data tiling scheme with custom partition size to maximize utilization in optimally sized pods. We propose
Scale-out Systolic Arrays
, a multi-pod inference accelerator for both single- and multi-tenancy based on these three pillars. We show that SOSA exhibits scaling of up to 600 TeraOps/s in effective throughput for state-of-the-art DNN inference workloads, and outperforms state-of-the-art multi-pod accelerators by a factor of 1.5 ×.

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Atherosclerosis and endothelial mechanotransduction: current knowledge and models for future research
Authors: Hamrangsekachaee Mohammad , Wen Ke , Bencherif Sidi A. , Ebong Eno E.
Published: November 2022

Endothelium health is essential to the regulation of physiological vascular functions. Because of the critical capability of endothelial cells (ECs) to sense and transduce chemical and mechanical signals in the local vascular environment, their dysfunction is associated with a vast variety of vascular diseases and injuries, especially atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. This review describes the mechanotransduction events that are mediated through ECs, the EC subcellular components involved, and the pathways reported to be potentially involved. Up-to-date research efforts involving in vivo animal models and in vitro biomimetic models are also discussed, including their advantages and drawbacks, with recommendations on future modeling approaches to aid the development of novel therapies targeting atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.