bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation on Mean Flow Development of a Three-Dimensional Wall Jet Confined by a Vertical Baffle
Authors: Chen Ming , Huang Haijin , Zhang Xingxing , Lv Senpeng , Li Rengmin
Published: January 2019

Three-dimensional (3D) confined wall jets have various engineering applications related to efficient energy dissipation. This paper presents experimental measurements of mean flow development for a 3D rectangular wall jet confined by a vertical baffle with a fixed distance (400 mm) from its surface to the nozzle. Experiments were performed at three different Reynolds numbers of 8333, 10,000 and 11,666 based on jet exit velocity and square root of jet exit area (named as B), with water depth of 100 mm. Detailed measurements of current jet were taken using a particle image velocimetry technique. The results indicate that the confined jet seems to behave like an undisturbed jet until 16B downstream. Beyond this position, however, the mean flow development starts to be gradually affected by the baffle confinement. The baffle increases the decay and spreading of the mean flow from 16B to 23B. The decay rate of 1.11 as well as vertical and lateral growth rates of 0.04 and 0.19, respectively, were obtained for the present study, and also fell well within the range of values which correspond to the results in the radial decay region for the unconfined case. In addition, the measurements of the velocity profiles, spreading rates and velocity decay were also found to be independent of Reynolds number. Therefore, the flow field in this region appears to have fully developed at least 4B earlier than the unconfined case. Further downstream (after 23B), the confinement becomes more pronounced. The vertical spreading of current jet shows a distinct increase, while the lateral growth was found to be decreased significantly. It can be also observed that the maximum mean velocity decreases sharply close to the baffle.
An Accurate Physical Model for Halo Concentrations
Authors: Diemer Benedikt , Joyce Michael
Published: January 2019

The relation between halo mass, M, and concentration, c, is a critical component in our understanding of the structure of dark matter halos. While numerous models for this relation have been proposed, almost none of them attempt to derive the evolution of the relation analytically. We build on previous efforts to model the c–M relation as a function of physical parameters such as the peak height, ν, and the effective power spectrum slope,

, which capture the dependence of c on halo mass, redshift, and cosmology. We present three major improvements over previous models. First, we derive an analytical expression for the c–M relation that is valid under the assumption of pseudo-evolution, i.e., assuming that the density profiles of halos are static in physical coordinates while the definition of their boundary evolves. We find that this ansatz is highly successful in describing the evolution of the low-mass end of the c–M relation. Second, we employ a new physical variable, the effective exponent of linear growth,

, to parameterize deviations from an Einstein–de Sitter expansion history. Third, we combine an updated definition of

with the additional dependence on

and propose a phenomenological extension of our analytical framework to include all halo masses. This semianalytical model matches simulated concentrations in both scale-free models and ΛCDM to 5% accuracy with very few exceptions and differs significantly from all previously proposed models. We present a publicly available code to compute the predictions of our model in the python toolkit Colossus, including updated parameters for the model of Diemer and Kravtsov.
Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet
Authors: Sukhorukov Alexander P. , Liu Pei-Liang , Kushunina Maria
Published: January 2019

The composition of many Chenopodiaceae genera in different parts of Himalaya and Tibet has been insufficiently known or contradictory. A revision of the family in Himalaya including Bhutan, Nepal, parts of India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim and Uttarakhand) and Tibet (Xizang, China) is presented for the first time. Altogether, 57 species from 20 genera are reported, including three species new to science (Agriophyllumtibeticum,SalsolaaustrotibeticaandSalsolahartmannii).Atriplexcentralasiatica,CorispermumdutreuiliiandSalsolamonopteraare identified as new records for India andChenopodiumpamiricumis recorded in China for the first time.DysphaniaambrosioidesandSympegmaregeliiare recorded for Xizang. The generic and species keys, species distributions (including maps) and taxonomic notes are provided. We indicate for the first time that the presence of short yellow hairs is the remarkable morphological characteristic of the genusGrubovia. Evident heterocarpy and heterospermy is found inDysphaniafor the first time (Dysphaniatibetica).Agriophyllumpungens,Atriplexcrassifolia,Atriplexlaciniata,Atriplexsagittata,Axyrisamaranthoides,Axyrishybrida,Bassiaindica,Corispermumkorovinii,Dysphaniaschraderiana(=Chenopodiumfoetidumauct.),HalocharisviolaceaandSuaedamicrospermaare excluded from the species list.Neobotrydiumcorniculatumis synonymised withDysphaniakitiae,NeobotrydiumlongiiwithDysphaniahimalaicaandNeobotrydiumornithopodumseems to be conspecific withDysphanianepalensis.Corispermumladakhianumis a new synonym ofCorispermumtibeticum.Amaranthusdiandrusis added to the synonyms ofAcroglochinpersicarioides, andBassiafiedleri, previously considered as conspecific withGruboviadasyphylla, is added to the synonymy ofBassiascoparia. Lectotypes ofAnabasisglomerata(≡Halogetonglomeratus),Halogetontibeticus(=Halogetonglomeratus),Amaranthusdiandrus(=Acroglochinpersicarioides),Chenopodiumtibeticum(≡Dysphaniatibetica),Corispermumdutreuilii,Corispermumfalcatum,Corispermumlhasaense, Corispermumpamiricumvar.pilocarpum (=Corispermumgelidum, syn. nov.),Corispermumtibeticum,Kochiaindica(≡Bassiaindica),Kochiaodontoptera(≡Bassiaodontoptera) andSalsolamonopteraare selected. Out of 53 native elements, 42 are restricted in their distribution to Himalaya and Tibet at altitudes 2000–4500 m above sea level. The greatest taxonomic diversity of the Chenopodiaceae is represented in Jammu and Kashmir (India) and Xizang (China) with a continuous decrease in the number of species southwards.
DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCE: Using Drawings to Facilitate Communication and Understanding With Children Exposed to Sudden Traumatic Deaths
Authors: Clements Paul T , Benasutti Kathleen M , Henry Gloria C
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

The journey through grief after exposure to a sudden traumatic death is a painful and personal experience for children. This requires therapeutic interventions that explore and facilitate the healing potential within each child. Drawings are an expressive method that can provide a conduit for identifying and understanding issues requiring therapeutic intervention and follow up.
Decay- and evolution-associated spectra of time-resolved fluorescence of LHCII aggregates
Authors: Gelzinis Andrius , Braver Yakov , Chmeliov Jevgenij , Valkunas Leonas
Published: January 2019

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is responsible for the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants from photodamage at high-light conditions. It is commonly agreed that NPQ takes place in the major light-harvesting complexes (LHCII), however, its exact mechanisms are still under debate. Valuable information about its molecular nature can be provided by measuring time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) spectra of LHCII complexes and their aggregates. Previously [Chmeliov et al., Nat. Plants 2, 16045 (2016)], we analysed the corresponding TRF spectra using the multivariate curve resolution method and proposed a three-state model to describe the spectroscopic data. Usually, such data is described in terms of global analysis resulting in decay or evolution-associated spectra. In this work, we apply such analysis to the TRF data of LHCII aggregates and show that, although mathematically feasible, it cannot be directly related to the physical kinetic model. Nevertheless, a careful examination supplemented with additional spectroscopic information still results in the same three-state model proposed before.
Nonlinear correlations between ν1 Raman band and global scalar properties for different length carotenoids
Authors: Mačernis Mindaugas
Published: January 2019

The Raman ν1 band corresponding to the polarization of various length carotenoid (Car) and polyene molecules was theoretically analysed using the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The polarization and other properties of Car and polyene monomers were estimated by using global scalar properties. The results demonstrate a linear dependence between the frequency of the so-called ν1 Raman band corresponding to the C=C stretching modes, and the global hardness (and global softness) for all molecules of different conjugation lengths. Linear correlations between all global scalar properties and the conjugation length were for polyene structures only. From these calculations an additional relationship was also identified: upon s-cis-isomerisation the effective conjugation length and global softness increased for polyenes, while the effective conjugation length and global softness decreased for carotenoids containing β-rings at their ends. According to the electrophilicity index study, charge transfer processes (CT) should be favourable in longer carotenoid and polyene structures. A linear dependence of electronegativity was found for polyene and particular Cars subgroups. The electrophilicity index was very sensitive to special groups bonded to the polyene chain of Cars. Finally, the conjugation length of the Cars did not have a linear dependence on the electronegativity, chemical potential and electrophilicity index, but almost a linear dependence was seen on the global hardness while the polyene models had a linear dependence in all cases.
Implemented and Tested Conception Proposal of Adaptation Model for Adaptive Hypermedia
Authors: Tmimi Mehdi , Benslimane Mohamed , Berrada Mohammed , Ouazzani Kamar
Published: January 2019

This article is a continuation of our work concerning the development of the adaptive hypermedia; and precisely the adaptation model.
In a previous work we proposed both new Conception of the Learner Model and an Intelligent and Dynamic System Supporting Learner Ontologies.
The main purpose of this article is to present our own model of adaptation that has the capacity to be implemented and that responds to all the remarks and shortcomings of the existing adaptation models while showing implementations and tests (technically) that we have developed
Para la reina… apenas una carpa. Innovación y primitivismo en Violeta Parra y su experiencia en La Carpa de la Reina.
Authors: Mamani Ariel
Published: January 2019

A mediados de los 60 se produjo en Chile la proliferación de peñas folklóricas donde se presentaban números musicales en vivo. Por aquellos años Violeta Parra retornó a Chile y decidió sumarse al fenómeno a partir de una “peña” poco convencional, La Carpa de la Reina. El presente artículo analiza la faz artística, cultural y política de este emprendimiento montado por Violeta meses antes de poner fin a su vida. A partir de ello se buscará dar respuesta a diferentes interrogantes que determinen si La Carpa fue continuidad y punto climático de la experiencia de peñas folklóricas o sí esta idea desarrollada por Violeta Parra resultó una propuesta antagónica tanto en el contenido como en la forma.
“Les Tapisseries Chiliennes de Violeta Parra.” Perspectivas sobre una exposición realizada en el Museo de Artes Decorativas del Palacio del Louvre en 1964
Authors: Fugellie Dra. Daniela
Published: January 2019

La exposición “Tapisseries Chiliennes de Violeta Parra. Peintures et sculptures”, realizada entre el 8 de abril y el 11 de mayo de 1964 en el Museo de Artes Decorativas de París, supone un hito en la trayectoria de la artista chilena Violeta Parra, quien es frecuentemente designada como la primera latinoamericana que expusiera individualmente en el Louvre. Pese a esto, sólo recientemente este evento ha sido objeto de investigaciones. El artículo sitúa históricamente la exposición y sus representaciones simbólicas, vinculadas a concepciones de un arte ingenuo y femenino, y ahonda en su contexto institucional: el Museo de Artes Decorativas, institución que – de manera similar a la obra de la artista – ha oscilado entre las ‘bellas artes’ y las artes aplicadas.
El empoderamiento de Violeta Parra y sus versos como espacio de enunciación múltiple y afirmación del sujeto femenino
Authors: Stagkouraki Eleni
Published: January 2019

Durante su vida o después de su muerte, Violeta Parra ha sido doblemente subalternizada: como persona y como artista. El objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer por un lado cuáles fueron estas prácticas de marginalización y cómo ella salió del papel marginal que le otorgaban y se empoderó tanto en su vida privada como en su vida profesional. Por otro lado, se va a demostrar cómo la artista chilena usó la pluma en la mano, llenando el papel (PARRA, 1972) no sólo para dar calma a los tormentos del alma, sino también pa’ dar el grito de alarma (ibid.) y luchar contra las opresiones, haciendo de sus versos un potente espacio de enunciación múltiple y empoderamiento del sujeto femenino.
Corporate Governance Characteristics and Audit Fees
Authors: Silva Ana , Inácio Helena , Vieira Elisabete
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the effect that corporate governance measures have in external audit fees in two countries where this matter is not much developed: Portugal and Spain. The analysis includes a sample of 39 listed companies on the Portuguese Stock Exchange and 104 listed companies on the Spanish Stock Exchanges for the years 2013 to 2015 using an OLS regression model. For the Spanish sample, the results show that the capital hold by the Board of Directors influence negatively external audit fees. The results are in accordance with the supplier perspective which states that better corporate governance practices decrease the control risk and, consequently, audit fees. On the other hand, the Board of Directors' diligence also affected external audit fees but positively, that is, the greater the number of meetings the greater the demand for an audit with quality which result in higher fees charged (demand perspective). For the Portuguese sample it can be observed that corporate governance characteristics do not affect external audit fees.
The Auditor as a Determining Factor on Derivative Financial Instrument Disclosures
Authors: Lemos Kátia , Serra Sara , Barros Amidel
Published: January 2019

Based on the premise that the quality of the audit is related to the quality of the financial reporting, the purpose of this chapter is to verify if the audit is a determining factor in derivative financial instruments disclosures. However, the academic literature has revealed that audit quality is influenced by a number of factors, such as gender, experience, and auditor's fees, as well as the type of audit firm (Big4 or not Big4). In order to achieve the proposed objective, a disclosure index was prepared, based on the requirements of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), applied to companies listed on Euronext Lisbon, excluding the sports corporations. The results revealed that the level of disclosure is influenced by the size of the audited company and by the auditor's gender, being greater in the larger companies and in the companies audited by a male auditor.
The Intention of Attending a Sporting Event Through Expectation Disconfirmation and the Effect of Emotions
Authors: Dos Santos Manuel Alonso , Baeza Steve , Lizama Jonathan Cuevas
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the intenion of attending a sporting event using a cognitive-affective model. By using a survey at an international event, the authors show that emotions have a direct effect on satisfaction and an intermediary effect on the expectation disconfirmation and satisfaction and finally disconfirmation and satisfaction on the intention of attending the sport event. These results suggest that the organizers of sport events should pay special attention to emotional management before and during the activity.
Divergent Agendas Within the Danish School Policy and the Dilemmas This Creates for Teachers Working With Inclusive Education
Authors: Hedegaard-Soerensen Lotte , Hamre Bjørn Frithiof
Published: January 2019

This chapter reports on the dilemmas for teachers working with inclusive education in the Danish school system. Globally, schools, teachers, and students are confronted with tensions between the agendas of optimizing the academic skills of the students on the one hand, and the inclusive agenda of handling the diversity of a variety of different students in the classroom on the other hand. In Denmark, these agendas are reflected in the educational policies and they have formed a context for teachers' practice and for teacher education. In the chapter empirical research about inclusive education will be related to discussions about teacher education and inclusive practices in schools. Critical analysis of the influence of policy and the way policy influence practice seems to be a recommended research approach in future research on inclusion. This should be reflected in teacher education.
Students' Support in an ODeL Context
Authors: Maboe Kefiloe Adolphina
Published: January 2019

Open distance and e-learning (ODeL) gives students who occupy multiple roles and are affected by the barriers of distance, cost, and time an opportunity to pursue their studies; these students are called distance students. For them to be successful as distance students, knowledge of technology is important as teaching and learning is conducted online and students are expected to interact actively online. There is no value if you have knowledge of technology as a distance student but do not interact online. The student must actively interact with peers, lecturers, study materials, and the university; failure to do so will affect learning and teaching negatively. Most students do not interact online. ODeL institutions prescribe technological tools for the students to interact online, but they lack academic, administrative, and technical support, which is a concern. ODeL institutions must commit themselves to always supporting distance students – academically, cognitively, administratively, institutionally, and affectively.
Institutionalizing Academic Integrity
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: January 2019

Academic dishonesty can come in a variety of forms. Hence, there is a need for academics to stay abreast of the many and varied methods of cheating, and potentially, utilize an array of prevention and detection strategies in ‘combination'. This very dynamics of academic dishonesty, fails the very purpose of education, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and educational systems. If learners engage in academic dishonesty or malpractice either intentionally or unintentionally; it not only retards the learning and development, but more important raises questions on Academic Integrity (AI) of HEIs on which the whole edifice of educational process rests. Through grounded research, an in-depth literature review, deep observation, and being a part of HE for nearly two decades, this chapter delves into the causes of academic dishonesty. The focus is on the need and mechanism to institutionalize polices for AI, which the present hour demands.
What Is Cheating?
Authors: Velliaris Donna M.
Published: January 2019

The Eynesbury Institute of Business and Technology (EIBT) is one of a growing number of private providers partnering with universities to attract international students early in their commitment to tertiary studies. EIBT offers diploma programs that comprise the equivalent courses as the first-year of a Bachelor's degree in Business, Information Technology (IT), or Engineering at the destination Higher Education Institution (HEI). EIBT provides a period of academic acculturation for international students whose English proficiency and/or previous academic results are below direct entry requirements. In 2015, 200+ ‘new' students were required to complete a mandatory online questionnaire during orientation. First-person narrative data was derived from students' responses to the open-ended question: What is cheating and why is it wrong? The findings provide insight into their understandings, which has helped facilitate opportunities for faculty to mitigate opportunities for academic misconduct in the context of this Institute.
What Category Are They Anyway?
Authors: Khan Zeenath Reza
Published: January 2019

As the world of academia grapples with the scandals shrouding some of the oldest and prestigious universities around the globe, it is becoming clear that a better understanding of the problem of academic dishonesty is the need of the hour. This chapter paves the path towards providing such an understanding by proposing first a new taxonomy of possible factors that may influence students' attitude towards academic dishonesty. First, this chapter provides a review of existing literature to propose a definition of e-cheating, highlighting the need to study not only traditional forms of cheating and academic dishonesty, but also the act as transformed by the digital age. This work posits that the underlying flaw in approaches to battling the issue of academic dishonesty lies in trying to curb it, rather than understanding ‘why' students are likely to indulge in such behavior. This chapter develops and validates a comprehensive factor-model to identify factors that may influence students' likelihood to e-cheat by first critically reviewing existing classifications and then proposing a new model of factors, including possible technological factors.
Using Turnitin to Support Students' Understanding of Textual Borrowing in Academic Writing
Authors: Kostka Ilka , Ebsworth Miriam Eisenstein
Published: January 2019

Concerns about plagiarism are salient for the academic writing of second language (L2) writers of English, who face several challenges while learning academic discourse and proper citation conventions. Effective instruction is crucial in helping them learn to avoid plagiarism and borrow from sources appropriately. In this chapter, the authors present a case study of an English as a Second Language (ESL) composition class at a Midwestern university in the United States. This study is framed by a social view of learning that draws from Lave and Wenger's (1991) notion of a community of practice. Data included weekly classroom observations, interviews at the beginning, middle, and end of the 10-week academic term, surveys, and student participants' online blogs. Findings illustrate how Turnitin, an Internet-based matched-text detection program, was used to support academic writing instruction and help socialize learners into an American academic discourse community.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation and POS Tags Based Method for External Plagiarism Detection
Authors: Daud Ali , Khan Jamal Ahmad , Nasir Jamal Abdul , Abbasi Rabeeh Ayaz , Aljohani Naif Radi , Alowibdi Jalal S
Published: January 2019

In this article we present a new semantic and syntactic-based method for external plagiarism detection. In the proposed approach, latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) and parts of speech (POS) tags are used together to detect plagiarism between the sample and a number of source documents. The basic hypothesis is that considering semantic and syntactic information between two text documents may improve the performance of the plagiarism detection task. Our method is based on two steps, naming, which is a pre-processing where we detect the topics from the sentences in documents using the LDA and convert each sentence in POS tags array; then a post processing step where the suspicious cases are verified purely on the basis of semantic rules. For two types of external plagiarism (copy and random obfuscation), we empirically compare our approach to the state-of-the-art N-gram based and stop-word N-gram based methods and observe significant improvements.
Combating Plagiarism
Authors: Hoanca Bogdan
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes a hybrid approach to combating plagiarism, as developed over the course of a decade. This approach is based on a three-component framework. The first step is educating students about the differences between quoting, paraphrasing and plagiarizing, using examples. Second, students are introduced to plagiarism detection software in use. Students are shown how the software works, the type of reports it generates, as well as some of the most egregious examples of plagiarism encountered in this class in past years (anonymized, of course). A key part of this second step is to show students what the expectations are, in terms of what level of similarity between their paper and their sources is acceptable (attributable to a chance match) and what is blatant (clearly a deliberate act). Finally, the third component is follow-through i.e., reporting students to the university's administrative structures.
Transformational Content and Relationships
Authors: Schwartz Stuart
Published: January 2019

This chapter outlines the trend toward research within news organizations based upon big data and the increasing emphasis of growth-oriented companies on promoting a positive and passionate User Experience (UX). It discusses the implications of digital research techniques developed by successful technology and consumer merchandising organizations, and links the 24/7 nature of digital research methodologies to the development of more user-responsive and successful news organizations. A journalistic organization that wants to grow in the digital age must revamp its operations to take advantage of the continuous big data research cycle. This means creating a feedback loop from the organization to the information consumer and back, viewing journalism as content to be shaped to the UX through constant modification and change based on growing sets of user behavior and preference data.
Mecha-Media
Authors: Søraa Roger Andre
Published: January 2019

How are robots, androids and cyborgs presented and received in the media? This chapter applies a social media analysis to this question by using empirical research on news stories that feature robotic technologies to see how robots are presented, consider what reporters focus on when writing about robots, and review how the public discusses and receives robots. The theoretical framework utilised focuses on how robot narratives are framed, how robot controversies are presented in different media, and how robots are domesticated through the media. The two main cases are a “robot hotel” in Japan, and a “killer robot” at a Volkswagen factory in Germany. News coverage of both stories shows widely differing ways for how the robot-narrative is framed.
Professional and Personal Service Robots
Authors: Zielinska Teresa T.
Published: January 2019

The short history of service robots with its precursors is presented. The definitions of service robot are discussed with some statistical data. The history of service robots summarizes the ancient period with robot precursors, the middle ages and the period of industrial revolution. The representative examples of different kinds of service robots built in the XX c. and XXI c. are given. The article is concluded focusing on the future trends.
Human-Robot Interaction Design Using Smart Device Based Robot Partner
Authors: Woo Jinseok , Kubota Naoyuki
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, various robot partners have been developed to realize human-friendly interactions. In general, a robot system is composed of hardware modules, software modules, and application contents. It takes much time to design utterance contents and motion patterns as application contents simultaneously, but the design support systems mainly focus on the generation of robot motion patterns. Furthermore, a methodology is needed to easily change the specification of hardware and software according to diversified needs, and the developmental environment to design the application contents on verbal and nonverbal communication with people. In this paper, the authors propose robot partners with the modularized architecture of hardware and software by using smart devices, and propose a developmental environment to realize easy contents design of verbal and nonverbal communication. In order to solve the problem of difficulty in the content design, they develop a design support environment using design templates of communication application contents. Next, they apply the robot partner to navigate visitors to the robot contest of the system design forum held in Tokyo Metropolitan University. Finally, they show several examples of the interaction cases, and discuss the interaction design for smart device based robot partners.
Conceptual Process for Designing High-Technology Products
Authors: Safari Arsalan
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, a systematic and practical design process and methodology is presented and applied to design a new high- technology product: a litter-collecting robot. Although considerable theoretical and practical models have been developed in product design and development, there are still limited effective models on the practical design process on a detailed level. This chapter elaborates on recent relevant research in the design methodology field and try to improve the details of product design process and apply it to a litter-collecting robot design. The detailed and practical approach demonstrated on the design of a high- tech product in this paper, can be applied effectively to the design process of industrial products.
Robot Double
Authors: Sone Yuji
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses Japanese roboticist Hiroshi Ishiguro's performance experiments with robotic machines (humanoid and android) as a case study for this book's theme, “the techno-self.” Ishiguro's robots are highly sophisticated pieces of engineering intended to replicate human physical movement and appearance. In addition to claims relevant to robot engineering, for Ishiguro, these machines are reflexive tools for investigations into questions of human identity. In Ishiguro's thinking I identify what I call a “reflexive anthropomorphism,” a notion of the self's relation to the other that is tied equally to Buddhism and Japanese mythology. Using concepts from Japanese studies and theatre and performance studies, this chapter examines one culturally specific way of thinking about concepts of the self and identity through Ishiguro's discussion of the human-robot relation.
Object Recognition Pipeline
Authors: Vargas John Alejandro Castro , Garcia Alberto Garcia , Oprea Sergiu , Escolano Sergio Orts , Rodriguez Jose Garcia
Published: January 2019

Object grasping in domestic environments using social robots has an enormous potential to help dependent people with a certain degree of disability. In this chapter, the authors make use of the well-known Pepper social robot to carry out such task. They provide an integrated solution using ROS to recognize and grasp simple objects. That system was deployed on an accelerator platform (Jetson TX1) to be able to perform object recognition in real time using RGB-D sensors attached to the robot. By using the system, the authors prove that the Pepper robot shows a great potential for such domestic assistance tasks.
Integrating ACT-R Cognitive Models With the Unity Game Engine
Authors: Smart Paul Richard , Scutt Tom , Sycara Katia , Shadbolt Nigel R.
Published: January 2019

The main aim of the chapter is to describe how cognitive models, developed using the ACT-R cognitive architecture, can be integrated with the Unity game engine in order to support the intelligent control of virtual characters in both 2D and 3D virtual environments. ACT-R is a cognitive architecture that has been widely used to model various aspects of human cognition, such as learning, memory, problem-solving, reasoning and so on. Unity, on the other hand, is a very popular game engine that can be used to develop 2D and 3D environments for both game and non-game purposes. The ability to integrate ACT-R cognitive models with the Unity game engine thus supports the effort to create virtual characters that incorporate at least some of the capabilities and constraints of the human cognitive system.
Path Planning in a Mobile Robot
Authors: Burgos Diego Alexander Tibaduiza , Vejar Maribel Anaya
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents the development and implementation of three approaches that contribute to solving the mobile robot path planning problems in dynamic and static environments. The algorithms include some items regarding the implementation of on-line and off-line situations in an environment with static and mobile obstacles. A first technique involves the use of genetic algorithms where a fitness function and the emulation of the natural evolution are used to find a free-collision path. The second and third techniques consider the use of potential fields for path planning using two different ways. Brief descriptions of the techniques and experimental setup used to test the algorithms are also included. Finally, the results applying the algorithms using different obstacle configurations are presented and discussed.
Kinova Modular Robot Arms for Service Robotics Applications
Authors: Campeau-Lecours Alexandre , Lamontagne Hugo , Latour Simon , Fauteux Philippe , Maheu Véronique , Boucher François , Deguire Charles , L'Ecuyer Louis-Joseph Caron
Published: January 2019

This article presents Kinova's modular robotic systems, including the robots JACO2 and MICO2, actuators and grippers. Kinova designs and manufactures robotics platforms and components that are simple, sexy and safe under two business units: Assistive Robotics empowers people living with disabilities to push beyond their current boundaries and limitations while Service Robotics empowers people in industry to interact with their environment more efficiently and safely. Kinova is based in Boisbriand, Québec, Canada. Its technologies are exploited in over 25 countries and are used in many applications, including as service robotics, physical assistance, medical applications, mobile manipulation, rehabilitation, teleoperation and in research in different areas such as computer vision, artificial intelligence, grasping, planning and control interfaces. The article describes Kinova's hardware platforms, their different control modes (position, velocity and torque), control features and possible control interfaces. Integration to other systems and application examples are also presented.
Decision Making Under Multi Task Based on Priority for Each Task
Authors: Masaki Takuya , Kurashige Kentarou
Published: January 2019

In recent years, autonomous robots become to be desired to treat multi-task. A robot must decide a concrete action for plural objectives. Major researches try to realize this by weighted rewards. Weighted rewards can represent a human's intention easily. But weight of each task must change dynamically by a change of surrounding situation or of a robot status. Authors consider an independent learning for each task and selection of one concrete action from candidates of each learning. Authors propose a priority function to calculate priority for each task corresponding to surrounding situation or a robot status and propose a system which do decision making by using the priority function. Authors confirmed the usefulness of proposed method with simulation.
Four Degrees of Freedom Robot Arm, Low-Cost Competition in the Design and Development
Authors: Hongcong Liu
Published: January 2019

The focus of this work is to design, develop and implement enhanced control and competitive robot arm thick and short cost. Design of four degree of freedom and talent of robot arm is to complete the accurate and simple tasks, such as optical materials processing, will be integrated into the mobile platform, as an assistant for the industrial labor force. Between the robot arm equipped with weapons and arm movements associated with the plurality of servo motor. Servo motor, encoder, so as to realize no controller includes. To control the robot, using Lab view, to the computation of the inverse kinematics of serial communication and proper angle, a micro controller, servo motor and drive ability of modify the location, velocity and acceleration. The robot arm was tested and verified, results show that, its normal work.
An Intuitive Teleoperation of Industrial Robots
Authors: Bisson Andrea , Michieletto Stefano , Ferrara Valentina , Romanelli Fabrizio , Menegatti Emanuele
Published: January 2019

Teleoperation of manipulator robots with RGB-D sensors is now mainly done using inverse kinematics techniques. In this chapter, we describe an intuitive way to teleoperate an industrial manipulator through vision sensors by directly controlling manipulator joints retargeting specific human motion. In this way the human operator has the full control of robot movements with practically no training, because of the intuitivity of this teleoperation method. The remapping into the robot joints is done by computing angles between vectors built from positions of human joints, tracked by the selected vision sensor. The obtained system is very modular which allows to change either the tracking sensor or the robot model with some small changes. Finally, the developed teleoperation system has been successfully tested on two real Comau robots, revealing to be fast and strongly reliable.
Robots in Medicine
Authors: Kasina Hruday , Bahubalendruni M. V. A. Raju , Botcha Rahul
Published: January 2019

Robots are wide across used in several industrial applications. Robot applications are more found in medical industry in recent days. In initial days, robots were mostly used for simple surgeries and medical applications such as laparoscopic surgery and minimally invasive surgery in 1980's. At that time robotic surgeries were performed with the presence of surgeons in operation theatre. The present day technology has been so much advanced with more enhanced capabilities to perform several complicated tasks such as remote surgery and micro robotic surgery. The current paper discuss about the history and evolution of robots in medical industry and their latest technological advances, applications in various fields in medicine and limitations of robots in medical industry along with its future scope.
Food Waste Management and Corporate Social Responsibility in Indian Food Service Industry
Authors: Slath Anish , Nikhanj Ashish
Published: January 2019

India is a land of cultural diversity, every year thousands of tourist travel to India for enjoying the rich heritage of the country. The growth of tourism and hospitality sector has been phenomenal in the recent years. Due to this growth the inflow of tourists has increased. More tourists mean more waste. It is estimated that on an average an in house guest generates one kg of waste every day which is quite alarming figure. Hospitality Industry is an ever growing industry. In hospitality industry, managing generation of daily operational waste is a perpetual challenge. Every year a hotel spends huge amount of money in managing waste keeping in mind the health and safety of the staff the hotels need separate space to store and sort waste. As a practice the waste that is generated in the industry goes to landfill, but the current study is focused on understanding the use of food waste under CSR practices.
The Role of Private Labels in the Organic Food Market
Authors: Llorens Miguel , Carcelén Sonia
Published: January 2019

The organic food market has become one of the most rapidly growing sectors in developed economies around the world in the last decade, but it has not grown at the same pace in all the countries. The review of literature clearly indicates that the main motivations of the Spanish consumer to buy organic food are Health, Taste and Quality; also reveals that the main barriers are related to Price and Availability. The organic Store Brand appears as an opportunity for retailers to overcome those barriers, the price gap and the lack of availability. This study investigates the role of Store Brands in the development of the organic food product category. The authors provide a comprehensive picture of the current status in the Spanish distribution channels and review some PL strategies for the retailers to develop the category in different marketing areas such as branding, labelling, pricing, merchandising and promotion.
Urban Agriculture as Livelihood Strategy
Authors: Hailie Ashenafi Tilahun
Published: January 2019

This chapter assesses the benefits of urban agriculture in the study area. Data is generated through questionnaire, focus group discussions, interviews, and direct observations. Qualitative and quantitative analysis is made in line with sustainable livelihood framework. In the findings, sex indiscrimination, migrants' dominancy, poor educational status, and agricultural background made it as main stays. As assets, access to land, gentle slope, fertile soil, moderate climate, drainage, diversification, access to transportation, are promising. Skills, knowledge transfer, ability to labor, and good health are examined insufficient. Population explosion, absence of good governance, frequent indeterminable natural calamities, land tenure insecurity, and seasonality of prices are identified vulnerabilities. The strategies designed need intervention, organization, and persuasion effort. As outcomes, increasing well-being, reducing vulnerability, and improving food security, are substantial. Hence, incorporating a land use plan and promoting and providing support to the sector imply helping urban poor.
Intercultural Challenges of Teaching in Multilingual/Multicultural Classrooms
Authors: Csillik Éva
Published: January 2019

Language and culture are inseparable entities forming an interdependent relationship within the multilingual classroom, which is both a melting pot of languages as well as a myriad of cultural backgrounds. In learning a common language, known as “lingua franca,” in the multilingual classroom, culture plays a critical role since the lingua franca makes communication possible between language teachers and multilingual students. Cultural connections and effective communication enables these students to engage in social and interactive activities and allows them to become active participants of the multilingual classroom. This chapter addresses some of the major intercultural challenges that both teachers and students of multilingual classrooms currently face within the “cultural jungle” of New York City. These multilingual students are simultaneously learning English as the lingua franca and participating in an intercultural educational experience in order to become linguistically and interculturally competent global citizens.
Rethinking Text
Authors: Wölfel Matthias
Published: January 2019

The way we store, distribute and access textural information has undergone a dramatic change starting by the introduction of movable type around the 1450s. The way, however, we present and perceive written information has not changed much since then. But why is that? Technology has been a key driver in what is now called digital media. It provides a broad variety of possibilities to present written information. Until today, these possibilities stay nearly untouched and current textural representation is taken for granted and unalterable. In this article, the authors argue that, for real progress and innovation, people have to rethink text and to accept textual representations in digital media as an independent and alterable media. The authors summarize different approaches to augment text to foster the discussion and drive further developments.
Optimization Methods in Continuous Improvement Models
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: January 2019

There are numerous processes used to implement quality, such as TQM, 6 Sigma, and Lean. For these quality processes to remain effective, a continuous improvement model is required and implemented from time to time. Some of these models include Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control (DMAIC); Plan, Do, Check, and Act (PDCA); Identify, Measure, Problem Analysis, Remedy, Operationalize, Validate, and Evaluate (IMPROVE); and Theory of Constraint (TOC). Furthermore, continuous improvement tools need to remain effective through the use of optimization techniques to produce the best possible outcomes. This article discusses some of the current utilization of these tools and proposes different optimizing techniques and variations to make robust quality implementation tools.
Follow my Snaps!
Authors: Chapin John R
Published: January 2019

Using third-person perception as a theoretical framework, a survey of 1,167 American adolescents explores their social media use and its relationship to verbal, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Despite the sexual nature of social media platforms like Snapchat, which are popular with adolescents, even adolescents who have experienced sexual violence in the past. Snapchat users were more likely than non-users to report abusive behavior to others. Adolescents exhibited third-person perception, believing others were more affected than they were by negative social media posts. This was related to experience with violence, and social media use. A third-person effect emerged, as adolescents who exhibit third-person perception were more likely to engage in abusive behaviors, both face-to-face and in an electronic medium.
Mobile Generation, Digital Devices and Preschool Education
Authors: Annarumma Maria , Tedesco Ines , Vitale Luigi
Published: January 2019

Contemporary children live in the digital environment and develop very quickly the natural ability in using technologies. At an international level, scientific research confirms the widespread use of mobile devices in the family and the increasing children exposure to these. This study mainly focuses on the following aspects: the benefits of touch devices for games and creativity and the risks related to possible delays in social and linguistic development and to addictions. In Italy, statistical surveys reveal a contradictory scenario: on the one hand, the digitization of citizens complies with international trends, especially regarding the use of the smartphone; on the other hand, there is a strong technological backwardness in the institutional area. The survey has analyzed the relationship between digitods and touch media, paying attention to usage profiles, usage behaviors, interaction, app selection and fruition processes. It has also been observed the parent-child interaction during the use of touch media, in order to figure out media educational guidelines in kindergarten.
Analysis of Pedagogy of Teacher's Capability to Transform Knowledge Into Practice Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Mago Jagmohan , Kumar Dinesh
Published: January 2019

Current literature and common practices suggest that there is no consistent method available to analyze the performance of teachers. Due to its inherent vagueness and uncertainty, this article analyzes the effectiveness of a teacher depending upon various factors using fuzzy logic. It explains various parameters influencing professional, interpersonal and personal behavior of teachers. Secondly, a fuzzy inference mechanism is developed to decide the possible quality of teachers. The article concludes by observing that the proposed fuzzy logic based system is consistent with that judged by the experts and can be used to predict the possible quality of teachers.