bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic prevalence and clinical relevance of canine Mendelian disease variants in over one million dogs
Authors: Donner Jonas , Freyer Jamie , Davison Stephen , Anderson Heidi , Blades Matthew , Honkanen Leena , Inman Laura , Brookhart-Knox Casey A. , Louviere Annette , Forman Oliver P. , Chodroff Foran Rebecca
Published: February 2023

Hundreds of genetic variants implicated in Mendelian disease have been characterized in dogs and commercial screening is being offered for most of them worldwide. There is typically limited information available regarding the broader population frequency of variants and uncertainty regarding their functional and clinical impact in ancestry backgrounds beyond the discovery breed. Genetic panel screening of disease-associated variants, commercially offered directly to the consumer or via a veterinary clinician, provides an opportunity to establish large-scale cohorts with phenotype data available to address open questions related to variant prevalence and relevance. We screened the largest canine cohort examined in a single study to date (1,054,293 representative dogs from our existing cohort of 3.5 million; a total of 811,628 mixed breed dogs and 242,665 purebreds from more than 150 countries) to examine the prevalence and distribution of a total of 250 genetic disease-associated variants in the general population. Electronic medical records from veterinary clinics were available for 43.5% of the genotyped dogs, enabling the clinical impact of variants to be investigated. We provide detailed frequencies for all tested variants across breeds and find that 57% of dogs carry at least one copy of a studied Mendelian disease-associated variant. Focusing on a subset of variants, we provide evidence of full penetrance for 10 variants, and plausible evidence for clinical significance of 22 variants, on diverse breed backgrounds. Specifically, we report that inherited hypocatalasia is a notable oral health condition, confirm that factor VII deficiency presents as subclinical bleeding propensity and verify two genetic causes of reduced leg length. We further assess genome-wide heterozygosity levels in over 100 breeds, and show that a reduction in genome-wide heterozygosity is associated with an increased Mendelian disease variant load. The accumulated knowledge represents a resource to guide discussions on genetic test relevance by breed.
Comparison of new psychiatric diagnoses among Finnish children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide register-based study
Authors: Gyllenberg David , Bastola Kalpana , Wan Mohd Yunus Wan Mohd Azam , Mishina Kaisa , Liukko Emmi , Kääriälä Antti , Sourander Andre
Published: February 2023

Background

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions decreased the use of specialist psychiatric services for children and adolescents in spring 2020. However, little is known about the pattern once restrictions eased. We compared new psychiatric diagnoses by specialist services during pandemic and pre-pandemic periods.

Methods and findings

This national register study focused on all Finnish residents aged 0 to 17 years from January 2017 to September 2021 (approximately 1 million a year). The outcomes were new monthly diagnoses for psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders in specialist services. These were analyzed by sex, age, home location, and diagnostic groups. The numbers of new diagnoses from March 2020 were compared to predictive models based on previous years. The predicted and observed levels in March to May 2020 showed no significant differences, but the overall difference was 18.5% (95% confidence interval 12.0 to 25.9) higher than predicted in June 2020 to September 2021, with 3,821 more patients diagnosed than anticipated. During this period, the largest increases were among females (33.4%, 23.4 to 45.2), adolescents (34.4%, 25.0 to 45.3), and those living in areas with the highest COVID-19 morbidity (29.9%, 21.2 to 39.8). The largest increases by diagnostic groups were found for eating disorders (27.4%, 8.0 to 55.3), depression and anxiety (21.0%, 12.1 to 51.9), and neurodevelopmental disorders (9.6%, 3.0 to 17.0), but psychotic and bipolar disorders and conduct and oppositional disorders showed no significant differences and self-harm (−28.6, −41.5 to −8.2) and substance use disorders (−15.5, −26.4 to −0.7) decreased in this period. The main limitation is that data from specialist services do not allow to draw conclusions about those not seeking help.

Conclusions

Following the first pandemic phase, new psychiatric diagnoses in children and adolescents increased by nearly a fifth in Finnish specialist services. Possible explanations to our findings include changes in help-seeking, referrals and psychiatric problems, and delayed service access.
Serum biomarkers and anti-flavivirus antibodies at presentation as indicators of severe dengue
Authors: Bernal Cynthia , Ping Sara , Rojas Alejandra , Caballero Oliver , Stittleburg Victoria , de Guillén Yvalena , Langjahr Patricia , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Von-Horoch Marta , Luraschi Patricia , Cabral Sandra , Sánchez María Cecilia , Torres Aurelia , Cardozo Fátima , Waggoner Jesse J.
Published: February 2023

Background

Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral disease worldwide. Most cases are mild, but some evolve into severe dengue (SD), with high lethality. Therefore, it is important to identify biomarkers of severe disease to improve outcomes and judiciously utilize resources.

Methods/Principal findings

One hundred forty-five confirmed dengue cases (median age, 42; range <1–91 years), enrolled from February 2018 to March 2020, were selected from an ongoing study of suspected arboviral infections in metropolitan Asunción, Paraguay. Cases included dengue virus types 1, 2, and 4, and severity was categorized according to the 2009 World Health Organization guidelines. Testing for anti-dengue virus IgM and IgG and serum biomarkers (lipopolysaccharide binding protein and chymase) was performed on acute-phase sera in plate-based ELISAs; in addition, a multiplex ELISA platform was used to measure anti-dengue virus and anti-Zika virus IgM and IgG. Complete blood counts and chemistries were performed at the discretion of the care team. Age, gender, and pre-existing comorbidities were associated with SD vs. dengue with/without warning signs in logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.07 (per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.03, 1.11), 0.20 (female; 0.05,0.77), and 2.09 (presence; 1.26, 3.48) respectively. In binary logistic regression, for every unit increase in anti-DENV IgG in the multiplex platform, odds of SD increased by 2.54 (1.19–5.42). Platelet count, lymphocyte percent, and elevated chymase were associated with SD in a combined logistic regression model with ORs of 0.99 (1,000/μL; 0.98,0.999), 0.92 (%; 0.86,0.98), and 1.17 (mg/mL; 1.03,1.33) respectively.

Conclusions

Multiple, readily available factors were associated with SD in this population. These findings will aid in the early detection of potentially severe dengue cases and inform the development of new prognostics for use in acute-phase and serial samples from dengue cases.
A bicycle can be balanced by stochastic optimal feedback control but only with accurate speed estimates
Authors: Maris Eric
Published: February 2023

Balancing a bicycle is typical for the balance control humans perform as a part of a whole range of behaviors (walking, running, skating, skiing, etc.). This paper presents a general model of balance control and applies it to the balancing of a bicycle. Balance control has both a physics (mechanics) and a neurobiological component. The physics component pertains to the laws that govern the movements of the rider and his bicycle, and the neurobiological component pertains to the mechanisms via which the central nervous system (CNS) uses these laws for balance control. This paper presents a computational model of this neurobiological component, based on the theory of stochastic optimal feedback control (OFC). The central concept in this model is a computational system, implemented in the CNS, that controls a mechanical system outside the CNS. This computational system uses an internal model to calculate optimal control actions as specified by the theory of stochastic OFC. For the computational model to be plausible, it must be robust to at least two inevitable inaccuracies: (1) model parameters that the CNS learns slowly from interactions with the CNS-attached body and bicycle (i.e., the internal noise covariance matrices), and (2) model parameters that depend on unreliable sensory input (i.e., movement speed). By means of simulations, I demonstrate that this model can balance a bicycle under realistic conditions and is robust to inaccuracies in the learned sensorimotor noise characteristics. However, the model is not robust to inaccuracies in the movement speed estimates. This has important implications for the plausibility of stochastic OFC as a model for motor control.
Seroprevalence of canine distemper virus (CDV) in the free-roaming dog (Canis familiaris) population surrounding Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: McDermott Inga , Gilbert Martin , Shah Manoj Kumar , Sadaula Amir , Anderson Neil E.
Published: February 2023

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a global multi-host pathogen that is capable of causing considerable mortality in a range of species and is important in the field of conservation medicine. Nepal’s Chitwan National Park is a protected area providing habitat for 32% of the country’s mammal species including endangered carnivores such as the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) that are susceptible to CDV. The presence of free-roaming dogs around protected areas could represent a source of infectious disease for transmission to local wildlife. A cross-sectional demographic and canine distemper virus seroprevalence study of 100 free-roaming dogs from the Chitwan National Park buffer zone and surrounding area was conducted in November 2019. The overall seroprevalence indicating past exposure to canine distemper virus was 80.0% (95% CI: 70.8–87.3). Of the host variables assessed, sex and age were positively associated with seroprevalence at the univariable level, with male dogs demonstrating lower seroprevalence than females (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11–0.91) and adult dogs demonstrating higher seroprevalence than juveniles (OR = 13.94, 95% CI: 1.37–142.29). The effect of sex was no longer significant at the multivariable level, but the direction of the effect remained the same. The effect of age remained significant after multivariable analysis (OR = 9.00, 95% CI: 1.03–192.75). No spatial associations were demonstrated in relation to the buffer zone area or boundary of Chitwan National Park. Free-roaming dog neutering and vaccination programmes can provide a useful baseline for future CDV studies in the region, and a proxy to monitor disease threats to susceptible wildlife.
Correcting the reproduction number for time-varying tests: A proposal and an application to COVID-19 in France
Authors: Baunez Christelle , Degoulet Mickaël , Luchini Stéphane , Pintus Matteo L. , Pintus Patrick A. , Teschl Miriam
Published: February 2023

We provide a novel way to correct the effective reproduction number for the time-varying amount of tests, using the acceleration index (Baunez et al., 2021) as a simple measure of viral spread dynamics. Not correcting results in the reproduction number being a biased estimate of viral acceleration and we provide a formal decomposition of the resulting bias, involving the useful notions of test and infectivity intensities. When applied to French data for the COVID-19 pandemic (May 13, 2020—October 26, 2022), our decomposition shows that the reproduction number, when considered alone, characteristically underestimates the resurgence of the pandemic, compared to the acceleration index which accounts for the time-varying volume of tests. Because the acceleration index aggregates all relevant information and captures in real time the sizable time variation featured by viral circulation, it is a more parsimonious indicator to track the dynamics of an infectious disease outbreak in real time, compared to the equivalent alternative which would combine the reproduction number with the test and infectivity intensities.
Three-dimensional continuous picking path planning based on ant colony optimization algorithm
Authors: Zhang Chuang , Wang He , Fu Li-Hua , Pei Yue-Han , Lan Chun-Yang , Hou Hong-Yu , Song Hua
Published: February 2023

Fruit-picking robots are one of the important means to promote agricultural modernization and improve agricultural efficiency. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, people are demanding higher picking efficiency from fruit-picking robots. And a good fruit-picking path determines the efficiency of fruit-picking. Currently, most picking path planning is a point-to-point approach, which means that the path needs to be re-planned after each completed path planning. If the picking path planning method of the fruit-picking robot is changed from a point-to-point approach to a continuous picking method, it will significantly improve its picking efficiency. The optimal sequential ant colony optimization algorithm(OSACO) is proposed for the path planning problem of continuous fruit-picking. The algorithm adopts a new pheromone update method. It introduces a reward and punishment mechanism and a pheromone volatility factor adaptive adjustment mechanism to ensure the global search capability of the algorithm, while solving the premature and local convergence problems in the solution process. And the multi-variable bit adaptive genetic algorithm is used to optimize its initial parameters so that the parameter selection does not depend on empirical and the combination of parameters can be intelligently adjusted according to different scales, thus bringing out the best performance of the ant colony algorithm. The results show that OSACO algorithms have better global search capability, higher quality of convergence to the optimal solution, shorter generated path lengths, and greater robustness than other variants of the ant colony algorithm.
Story Listening and Experience in Early Childhood, Donna Schatt and Patrick Ryan (2021)
Authors: Wilson Michael
Published: February 2023

Review of: Story Listening and Experience in Early Childhood, Donna Schatt and Patrick Ryan (2021)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 214 pp.,

ISBN 978-3-03065-357-6, h/bk, £79.99
The Page Is Printed, Carrie Smith (2021)
The Catch: Fishing for Ted Hughes, Mark Wormald (2022)
Authors: Gowar Mick
Published: February 2023

Review of: The Page Is Printed, Carrie Smith (2021)

Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 256 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-80085-535-9, h/bk, £90.00

 

The Catch: Fishing for Ted Hughes, Mark Wormald (2022)

London: Bloomsbury, 336 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-52664-424-4, h/bk, £20.00
Role of Nanoparticles in Acoustical and Dielectric Measurements using Binary Non-Polar Fluid
Authors: Rohini B. , Revathi V.
Published: February 2023

In this work, the experimental values of dielectric constant and acoustical parameters for binary mixture
(benzene + diethylamine) and hybrid CuO nanofluid (CuO + diethylamine + benzene) were studied
for various molar fraction from 0.01 to 0.06 M with different temperatures ranging from 298 to 318 K.
Molecular interaction depends on the concentration, inclusion of CuO nanoparticles and temperature.
FTIR analyses also revealed that despite the rise in temperature, no bond breakdown between the
molecules is found. The results demonstrate that the weak interaction due to van der Waals forces
exist between the unlike molecules due to dipole-induced dipole interactions.
Evaluation of the Polarity in Binary Liquid Mixtures as a Function of Volume Fraction
Authors: Jyoti Nirmal , Meena Anoop S. , Beniwal Vijay
Published: February 2023

The variation of solvatochromic polarity parameters as a function of mole fraction data may not represent
the realistic environment of the solvatochromic probe molecule. This is because of the fact that the
solvation environment of the solvatochromic probe molecules is not only determined by the number
of individual solvent molecules around it but also by the size of those individual solvent molecules. In
this regard we wish to understand the variation of ET
N polarity parameter of binary liquid mixtures as a
fuction of volume fractions. Representation of the ET
N parameter as a function of volume fraction data
leads to a completely different dataset for binary liquid mixtures where water is used as one of the
solvents. These mixtures usually display negative deviations from linearity for the ET
N values, when ET
N
values are plotted as a function of mole fraction values of the solvents. On the other hand, if the ET
N
values are plotted as a function of volume fraction values of the solvents in binary liquid mixtures
containing water, these deviations are minimized to a large extent and even reversed to the positive
deviations in some of these mixtures. This study gives an insight into a long lasting problem of
understanding the negative deviations of the ET
N values from linearity observed in binary liquid mixtures
of water, as these deviations are either minimized or reversed into positive deviations when ET
N values
are plotted versus volume fraction of solvents. This study opens up a whole new discussion about the
solvatochromic data of the solvent mixtures, whether this data must be represented as a function of
mole fraction values or as a function of volume fraction of the solvents. The representation of the
solvatochromic data as a function of volume fraction of solvents might lead to new insights in studying
the solute-solvent interactions in binary solvent mixtures.
Evaluation of Anticancer Potential of N(4)-Alkyl Substituted 5-Methoxyisatin
Thiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Docking
Authors: Chaudhary Upendra , Gurung Vijay , Pachakhan Sayed Tariq , Subin Jhashanath Adhikari , Pokharel Yuba Raj , Yadav Paras Nath
Published: February 2023

(Z)-N-ethyl-2-(5-methoxy-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (MeOIstEt) and
(Z)-2-(5-methoxy-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-methylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide (MeOIstMe) were
synthesized and subjected to elemental analysis and various characterization techniques viz. IR, 1H
NMR, 13C NMR, UV-Vis and HRMS. The synthesized N(4)-alkyl substituted thiosemicarbazones
were evaluated for their anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines like breast cancer (MCF-7),
skin cancer (A431) and lung cancer (A549). In micromolar concentrations, the synthesized compounds
exhibited moderate anticancer activity (IC50, 6.59-36.49 μM). The compound MeOIstEt was found to
be more effective than MeOIstMe against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines, whereas compound MeOIstMe
was found to be more potent against A431 cell lines. From flexible receptor molecular docking
calculations in a hydrated environment, one of the compounds showed better binding affinity than one
FDA approved drug. The insights from computational studies have strengthened the experimental
findings and vice-versa. This work demonstrates the role of multiple approaches in finding better drug
candidate with efficient anti-cancer properties.
Association of the structure of the glucocorticoid receptor and single nucleotide NR3C1 gene polymorphisms with metabolic disorders
Authors: Brovkina S. S. , Dzherieva I. S. , Volkova N. I. , Shkurat T. P. , Goncharova Z. A. , Mashkina E. V. , Reshetnikov I. B.
Published: February 2023

Glucocorticoid therapy is widely used in the treatment of various pathologies. Sensitivity to glucocorticoids  (GC) has a serious impact not only on the effectiveness of their action, but also on the severity of side effects, the formation of risk factors and the development  of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Variability of sensitivity to GC causes different phenotypes and severity of metabolic disorders underlying  CVD. Among  them, one can distinguish  a decrease in muscle mass and strength, obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism impairment, and others. Glucocorticoids carry out their effects by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and therefore this is considered a critical point in their action. This review presents data on the significance of the glucocorticoid  receptor structure, examines the main single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the NR3C1 gene associated with hypersensitivity  or relative resistance to glucocorticoids  in the context of metabolic disorders and the development of CVD. The association of the four most studied SNP of the GR gene with metabolic risks is described in detail: BclI (rs41423247), N363S (rs56149945), ER22/23EK (rs6189/rs6190), GR-9ß (rs6198). Their determination can contribute to clarifying the prognosis of both the effectiveness of GC and the development of metabolic disorders, and subsequent early correction of CVD risk factors.
The impact of carbohydrate metabolism disorders on the early and long-term clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 according to the AKTIV and AKTIV 2 registries
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Arutyunov G. P. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Batluk T. I. , Bashkinov R. A. , Samus I. V. , Melnikov E. S. , Trubnikova M. A. , Arutyunov A. G.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies indicate a high incidence of various disorders of carbohydrate metabolism against the new coronavirus infection. These disorders aggravate the course of infection and increase mortality. Thereby, analysis of risk factors for unfavorable outcomes and assessment of the long-term consequences of COVID-19 in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism is of great importance.

AIM: To investigate the association between carbohydrate metabolism disorders in COVID-19 patients and mortality, course of infection, long-term consequences, as well as to identify risk factors for an unfavorable disease course.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from the combined multicenter non-interventional real-world AKTIV and AKTIV 2 registries was performed. The sample included 9290 patients who had COVID-19 with varying severity from June 29, 2020, to November 29, 2020 (AKTIV) and from October 01, 2020, to March 30, 2021 (AKTIV 2). The patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 — patients with intact carbohydrate metabolism, n=6606; Group 2 — patients with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia (NDH), n=1073; Group 3 — patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), n=1611. The groups were assessed for clinical and laboratory parameters, comorbidities, mortality, carbohydrate metabolic status, and well-being during the infection and at 12 months.

RESULTS: The prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD) was 28,9%, with DM2 patients accounting for 17,3% and patients with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia (NDH) for 11,6%. The mortality rate of patients with hyperglycemia of any origin was 10.6%, which was significantly higher compared to patients without hyperglycemia (3,9%). The probability of lethal outcome increased 2,48-fold in the group of patients with DM2 and 2,04-fold in the group of patients with NDH. At the same time, the probability of a lethal outcome decreased 2,94-fold in patients without CMD. At 12 months, patients with CMD showed a significantly higher frequency and longer persistence of complaints. This trend was more pronounced in patients with DM2 than in those with NDH. Only 1,7% of patients from the NDH group had type 2 diabetes and were receiving oral hypoglycemic medications one year after the infection. A prognostic model was developed to determine the risk of lethal outcome. The model included such known predictors as concomitant ischemic heart disease, history of myocardial infarction or stroke, blood glucose level, and age.

CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate metabolism disorders aggravate the course of COVID-19 and increase mortality. One year after infection, patients with DM2 and NDH were more likely to have symptoms typical for post-COVID syndrome, and NDH resolved in most cases after the infection.
BAGAIMANA TERPAAN MEDIA UNTUK INFORMASI COVID-19 MEMENGARUHI NIAT MAHASISWA MENERAPKAN PERLINDUNGAN KESEHATAN SELAMA PANDEMI
Authors: Amin Kholidil , Hadisiwi Purwanti , Suminar Jenny Ratna
Published: February 2023

Covid-19 is a disease caused by the coronavirus outbreak that first appeared in Wuhan, China, and spread worldwide, including Indonesia. This situation made WHO decides the world is in a state of the pandemic. During the pandemic, the Indonesian people, including students, received much information or deliberately sought information related to Covid-19 in the mass media or social media, which were assumed to shape their perceptions, attitudes, and behavior in protecting their health. Using the construct of the theory of planned behavior to investigate how media exposure to Covid-19 information in mass media or social media affects student health-protective behavior in the face of a pandemic, the present study surveyed 159 students in Indonesia who were selected using the convenience sampling technique. The present study analyzed the data by applying partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the model and path analysis. The result from the PLS-SEM shows that the use of mass media and social media to obtain information on Covid-19 significantly positively predicts the intention to implement student health protection behaviors mediated by perceived behavioral control (PBC) but not by attitude and subjective norm. The result also shows that PBC only significantly predicts behavioral intention.
MOJO IN TRIBUN JOGJA: A 21ST CENTURY JOURNALISM LANDSCAPE
Authors: Sukmono Filosa Gita , Fadilla Qholiva Yuni , Kencana Adinda Putri Surya
Published: February 2023

The launch of the Apple iPhone in 2007 marked the start of a new era in a new process for understanding the meaning of cellular communication. This gave rise to the practice of mobile journalism which uses fully mobile devices (Mojo) as the main instrument for 21st-century journalists in processing and producing an event. Especially in Indonesia, the author sees that studies on Mojo in Indonesian media are something new for academics and practitioners. The Tribune with the hashtag #MataLokalMenreachIndonesia is the only Online News Portal that has the largest regional news channel network in Indonesia that has adopted Mojo's practice in its editorial. This study explores Mojo's practice at Tribun Jogja by using a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews with related journalists. Based on the findings, the author sees that this media uses Facebook Live and the news is used as further information that will be used as news on other platforms at Tribun Jogja. With the characteristics of agile, flexibility, and accessibility, this Mojo practice can produce news with on-demand and just-in-time principles anytime, anywhere, however.
MISOGYNISTIC IN DIGITAL MEDIA : HATE SPEECH NARRATIVES TOWARDS BEAUTY INFLUENCERS
Authors: Santosa Hedi Pudjo , Ayun Primada Qurrota , Lukmantoro Triyono
Published: February 2023

Huge numbers of social media users in Indonesia creates a phenomenon of beauty influencers. Selebgram or Instagram celebrities, starts to become a trend when artists wearing veils become a fashion icon for certain groups of communities. The influencers try to expose new identities which were considered old fashioned. However, this beauty influencer phenomenon also initiates hate speech trends. Nature of social media allows people to comment, spread information, and give opinions freely and anonymously, and even create the tendency to write misogynistic narratives. This research is a descriptive textual study using a narrative approach. Narrative in this connection refers to status updates on Instagram, narratives are understood as “small stories” that capture the whole variety of narrative activities that are not represented in the big or canonical narratives. The results of this study indicate that hate speech against female celebrities means that they receive negative judgments and comments from netizens by using religious statements and social norms of society. They provide comments by giving bad labels and giving judgments for their behavior
Ultrastructural characterization of Minutocellus polymorphus (Cymatosiraceae, Bacillariophyta) and first record from the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Hernández-Márquez Sinuhé , Zamudio-Resendiz María Eugenia , Núñez-Reséndiz María Luisa , Escarcega-Bata Alexis , Sentíes Abel
Published: February 2023

The diatom Minutocellus polymorphus is a widely studied species because it is an ideal model for toxicity tests since it grows rapidly. Although the gross morphology has been extensively described, the ultrastructural characters associated with its importance, are unknown. It is also the only species in the genus that has been documented in the North American Atlantic, but unknown on the Eastern Pacific coasts. In a collection made in Acapulco Bay, Guerrero, Mexico, cells morphologically identical to M. polymorphus were isolated. From cultures and observations in transmission electron microscope, a first description of the ultrastructure of the genus is provided, and from sequences of 18S, we confirmed its taxonomic identity as M. polymorphus. However, more detailed studies are needed to continue increasing the knowledge about the ultrastructure of diatoms on the Mexican Pacific coasts, where they are previously unknown.
First record of phytomyxid infection of the non-native seagrass Halophila stipulacea in Puerto Rico
Authors: Kaldy James E. , Sullivan Cayla , Dieppa Angel , Cappielo Cosme Ivelisse , Orizondo Lugo Marco , Schiebout Michael
Published: February 2023

Halophila stipulacea is an invasive seagrass in the Caribbean Sea that also harbors a phytomyxid endoparasite. Phytomyxean parasites are known to cause disease in agricultural crops and are documented to form galls in some seagrass species. Here we make the first report of phytomyxid infection of Halophila stipulacea in the Bahía de Jobos in Salinas, Puerto Rico. We found phytomyxid infected H. stipulacea at 3 of 5 sites examined, expanding the documented range of the Marinomyxa marina phytomyxid infection by almost 400 km from where it was first documented in 2018. Presence of the endoparasite has not impeded H. stipulacea dispersal and continued expansion of H. stipulacea will likely spread both the host seagrass and the endoparasite.
The Tracking of Derivative Discontinuities for Delay Fractional Equations Based on Fitted L1 Method
Authors: Cen Dakang , Vong Seakweng
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the analytic solution of the delay fractional model is derived by the method of steps. The theoretical result implies that the regularity of the solution at

s
+

{s^{+}}

is better than that at

0
+

{0^{+}}

, where s is a constant time delay. The behavior of derivative discontinuity is also discussed. Then, improved regularity solution is obtained by the decomposition technique and a fitted

L
⁢
1

{L1}

numerical scheme is designed for it. For the case of initial singularity, the optimal convergence order is reached on uniform meshes when

α
∈

[

2
3

,
1
)

{\alpha\in[\frac{2}{3},1)}

, α is the order of fractional derivative. Furthermore, an improved fitted

L
⁢
1

{L1}

method is proposed and the region of optimal convergence order is larger. For the case

t
>
s

{t>s}

, stability and

min
⁡

{

2
⁢
α

,
1
}

{\min\{2\alpha,1\}}

order convergence of the fitted

L
⁢
1

{L1}

scheme are deduced. At last, the numerical tests are carried out and confirm the theoretical result.
A unified approach to Gelfand and de Vries dualities
Authors: Bezhanishvili Guram , Carai Luca , Morandi Patrick J. , Olberding Bruce
Published: February 2023

We develop a unified approach to Gelfand and de Vries dualities for compact Hausdorff spaces, which is based on appropriate modifications of the classic results of Dieudonné (analysis), Dilworth (lattice theory), and Katětov and Tong (topology)
On fractional integrals generated by Radon transforms over paraboloids
Authors: Rubin Boris
Published: February 2023

We apply the Fourier transform technique and a modified version of E. Stein’s interpolation theorem communicated by L. Grafakos, to obtain sharp

L
p

{L^{p}}

-

L
q

{L^{q}}

estimates for the Radon transform and more general convolution-type fractional integrals with the kernels having singularity on the paraboloids.
On the identification of potential novel therapeutic targets for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) neurodegenerative disease using EvoPPI3
Authors: Sousa André , Rocha Sara , Vieira Jorge , Reboiro-Jato Miguel , López-Fernández Hugo , Vieira Cristina P.
Published: February 2023

EvoPPI (http://evoppi.i3s.up.pt), a meta-database for protein-protein interactions (PPI), has been upgraded (EvoPPI3) to accept new types of data, namely, PPI from patients, cell lines, and animal models, as well as data from gene modifier experiments, for nine neurodegenerative polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases caused by an abnormal expansion of the polyQ tract. The integration of the different types of data allows users to easily compare them, as here shown for Ataxin-1, the polyQ protein involved in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) disease. Using all available datasets and the data here obtained for Drosophila melanogaster wt and exp Ataxin-1 mutants (also available at EvoPPI3), we show that, in humans, the Ataxin-1 network is much larger than previously thought (380 interactors), with at least 909 interactors. The functional profiling of the newly identified interactors is similar to the ones already reported in the main PPI databases. 16 out of 909 interactors are putative novel SCA1 therapeutic targets, and all but one are already being studied in the context of this disease. The 16 proteins are mainly involved in binding and catalytic activity (mainly kinase activity), functional features already thought to be important in the SCA1 disease.
Uniqueness of the potential in a time-fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Jing Xiaohua , Peng Jigen
Published: February 2023

This article concerns the uniqueness of an inverse coefficient problem of identifying a spatially varying potential in a one-dimensional time-fractional diffusion equation.
The input sources are given by a complete system in

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
1
)

{L^{2}(0,1)}

, and measurements are observed at the end point of the spatial interval.
Firstly, we provide the positive lower bound of the Green function for the differential operator with different boundary conditions.
Then, based on the positive lower bound estimation of the Green function, the relationship between the Green function,
the solution of the forward problem, and the potential, such measurements uniquely determine the potential on the entire interval under different boundary conditions.
An inverse random source problem for the time-space fractional diffusion equation driven by fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Nie Daxin , Deng Weihua
Published: February 2023

We study the inverse random source problem for the time-space fractional diffusion equation driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index

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With the aid of a novel estimate, by using the operator approach we propose regularity analyses for the direct problem. Then we provide a reconstruction scheme for the source terms f and g up to sign. Next, combining the properties of Mittag-Leffler function, the complete uniqueness and instability analyses are provided. It is worth mentioning that all the analyses are unified for

H
∈

(
0
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1
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{H\in(0,1)}

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Deployment of hybrid FSO/RoF links for 5G heterogeneous networks
Authors: Tamilarasan Ilavarasan , Selvaprabhu Poongundran , Venkatesan Rajeshkumar
Published: February 2023

In this paper, an efficient cognitive algorithm is proposed to support multiple users, more number of services, and devices under any channel conditions. However, the factors like attenuation, signal penetration loss, received power, fading effects, coverage area, bandwidth, and link quality still remains a significant challenge in the real-world applications. A hybrid FSO/RoF with a cognitive algorithm is proposed to overcome the limitations of existing methods. The proposed algorithm assesses the channel conditions based on various parameters and selects the optimum one for transmission. The simulation results confirm that the proposed method can be reliable under any channel conditions and its performance is compared with the existing methods.
Every flight is a surprise: first records of the southern maned three-toed sloth (Bradypus crinitus: Bradypodidae) through drones
Authors: Santos Paloma Marques , Kaizer Mariane da Cruz , Moreira Danielle Oliveira , Melo Fabiano Rodrigues de , Mendes Sérgio Lucena
Published: February 2023

Drones (unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs), are an advanced technology that allows the collection of large amounts of data in a short amount of time, including the detection of cryptic and arboreal animals. Here, we report the first records of the southern maned sloth Bradypus crinitus obtained with thermal cameras from a drone. As far as we know, this is the first time a sloth has been observed by a drone. We recorded four individuals of B. crinitus in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, plus first records of Procyon cancrivorus, which were all resting in the forest canopy. The individuals’ thermal responses demonstrate that the use of drones for research on these species may be a viable option to study still unexplored aspects of their ecology or conservation.
Inverse design of high-NA metalens for maskless lithography
Authors: Chung Haejun , Zhang Feng , Li Hao , Miller Owen D. , Smith Henry I.
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate an axisymmetric inverse-designed metalens to improve the performance of zone-plate-array lithography (ZPAL), one of the maskless lithography approaches, that offer a new paradigm for nanoscale research and industry. First, we derive a computational upper bound for a unit-cell-based axisymmetric metalens. Then, we demonstrate a fabrication-compatible inverse-designed metalens with 85.50% transmission normalized focusing efficiency at 0.6 numerical aperture at 405 nm wavelength; a higher efficiency than a theoretical gradient index lens design (79.98%). We also demonstrate experimental validation for our axisymmetric inverse-designed metalens via electron beam lithography. Metalens-based maskless lithography may open a new way of achieving low-cost, large-area nanofabrication.
Panel threshold model with covariate-dependent thresholds and its application to the cash flow/investment relationship
Authors: Yang Lixiong
Published: February 2023

This paper introduces a panel threshold model with covariate-dependent and time-varying thresholds (PTCT), which extends the classical panel threshold model of Hansen, B. E. 1999. “Threshold Effects in Non-dynamic Panels: Estimation, Testing, and Inference.” Journal of Econometrics 93: 345–68 to a framework with multiple covariate-dependent and time-varying thresholds. Based on the within-group transformation and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, we develop methods for estimation and inference for threshold parameters in the proposed panel threshold model. We also suggest test statistics for threshold effect, threshold constancy, and for determining the number of thresholds. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the estimation, inference and testing procedures work well in finite samples. Empirically, using the same data as in Hansen, B. E. 1999. “Threshold Effects in Non-dynamic Panels: Estimation, Testing, and Inference.” Journal of Econometrics 93: 345–68 we revisit the cash flow/investment relationship and find quite different results.
In VivoInjection of Anti-LGI1 Antibodies into the Rodent M1 Cortex and Hippocampus Is Ineffective in Inducing Seizures
Authors: Baudin Paul , Roussel Delphine , Mahon Séverine , Charpier Stéphane , Navarro Vincent
Published: February 2023

Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) associated with antibodies directed against the leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) protein is the second most common AIE and is responsible for deleterious neocortical and limbic epileptic seizures. Previous studies demonstrated a pathogenic role of anti-LGI1 antibodies via alterations in the expression and function of Kv1 channels and AMPA receptors. However, the causal link between antibodies and epileptic seizures has never been demonstrated. Here, we attempted to determine the role of human anti-LGI1 autoantibodies in the genesis of seizures by analyzing the impact of their intracerebral injection in rodents. Acute and chronic injections were performed in rats and mice in the hippocampus and primary motor cortex, the two main brain regions affected by the disease. Acute infusion of CSF or serum IgG of anti-LGI1 AIE patients did not lead to the emergence of epileptic activities, as assessed by multisite electrophysiological recordings over a 10 h period after injection. A chronic 14 d injection, coupled with continuous video-EEG monitoring, was not more effective. Overall, these results demonstrate that acute and chronic injections of CSF or purified IgG from LGI1 patients are not able to generate epileptic activity by themselves in the different animal models tested.
Executive Control of Sequence Behavior in Pigeons Involves Two Distinct Brain Regions
Authors: Hahn Lukas Alexander , Rose Jonas
Published: February 2023

Executive functions arise from multiple regions of the brain acting in concert. To facilitate such cross-regional computations, the brain is organized into distinct executive networks, like the frontoparietal network. Despite similar cognitive abilities across many domains, little is known about such executive networks in birds. Recent advances in avian fMRI have shown a possible subset of regions, including the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) and the lateral part of medial intermediate nidopallium (NIML), that may contribute to complex cognition, forming an action control system of pigeons. We investigated the neuronal activity of NCL and NIML. Single-cell recordings were obtained during the execution of a complex sequential motor task that required executive control to stop executing one behavior and continue with a different one. We compared the neuronal activity of NIML to NCL and found that both regions fully processed the ongoing sequential execution of the task. Differences arose from how behavioral outcome was processed. Our results indicate that NCL takes on a role in evaluating outcome, while NIML is more tightly associated with ongoing sequential steps. Importantly, both regions seem to contribute to overall behavioral output as parts of a possible avian executive network, crucial for behavioral flexibility and decision-making.
Multielectrode Cortical Stimulation Selectively Induces Unidirectional Wave Propagation of Excitatory Neuronal Activity in Biophysical Neural Model
Authors: Halgren Alma S. , Siegel Zarek , Golden Ryan , Bazhenov Maxim
Published: February 2023

Cortical stimulation is emerging as an experimental tool in basic research and a promising therapy for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. As multielectrode arrays enter clinical practice, the possibility of using spatiotemporal patterns of electrical stimulation to induce desired physiological patterns has become theoretically possible, but in practice can only be implemented by trial-and-error because of a lack of predictive models. Experimental evidence increasingly establishes traveling waves as fundamental to cortical information-processing, but we lack an understanding of how to control wave properties despite rapidly improving technologies. This study uses a hybrid biophysical-anatomical and neural-computational model to predict and understand how a simple pattern of cortical surface stimulation could induce directional traveling waves via asymmetric activation of inhibitory interneurons. We found that pyramidal cells and basket cells are highly activated by the anodal electrode and minimally activated by the cathodal electrodes, while Martinotti cells are moderately activated by both electrodes but exhibit a slight preference for cathodal stimulation. Network model simulations found that this asymmetrical activation results in a traveling wave in superficial excitatory cells that propagates unidirectionally away from the electrode array. Our study reveals how asymmetric electrical stimulation can easily facilitate traveling waves by relying on two distinct types of inhibitory interneuron activity to shape and sustain the spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous local circuit mechanisms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElectrical brain stimulation is becoming increasingly useful to probe the workings of brain and to treat a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, stimulation is currently performed in a trial-and-error fashion as there are no methods to predict how different electrode arrangements and stimulation paradigms will affect brain functioning. In this study, we demonstrate a hybrid modeling approach, which makes experimentally testable predictions that bridge the gap between the microscale effects of multielectrode stimulation and the resultant circuit dynamics at the mesoscale. Our results show how custom stimulation paradigms can induce predictable, persistent changes in brain activity, which has the potential to restore normal brain function and become a powerful therapy for neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Inducible CRISPR Epigenome Systems Mimic Cocaine Induced Bidirectional Regulation of Nab2 and Egr3
Authors: Choi Eric Y. , Franco Daniela , Stapf Catherine A. , Gordin Madeleine , Chow Amanda , Cover Kara K. , Chandra Ramesh , Lobo Mary Kay
Published: February 2023

Substance use disorder is a chronic disease and a leading cause of disability around the world. The NAc is a major brain hub mediating reward behavior. Studies demonstrate exposure to cocaine is associated with molecular and functional imbalance in NAc medium spiny neuron subtypes (MSNs), dopamine receptor 1 and 2 enriched D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs. We previously reported repeated cocaine exposure induced transcription factor early growth response 3 (Egr3) mRNA in NAc D1-MSNs, and reduced it in D2-MSNs. Here, we report our findings of repeated cocaine exposure in male mice inducing MSN subtype-specific bidirectional expression of theEgr3corepressor NGFI-A-binding protein 2 (Nab2). Using CRISPR activation and interference (CRISPRa and CRISPRi) tools combined withNab2orEgr3-targeted sgRNAs, we mimicked these bidirectional changes in Neuro2a cells. Furthermore, we investigated D1-MSN- and D2-MSN-specific expressional changes of histone lysine demethylasesKdm1a,Kdm6a, andKdm5cin NAc after repeated cocaine exposure in male mice. SinceKdm1ashowed bidirectional expression patterns in D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs, likeEgr3, we developed a light-inducible Opto-CRISPR-KDM1a system. We were able to downregulateEgr3andNab2transcripts in Neuro2A cells and cause similar bidirectional expression changes we observed in D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs of mouse repeated cocaine exposure model. Contrastingly, our Opto-CRISPR-p300 activation system induced theEgr3andNab2transcripts and caused opposite bidirectional transcription regulations. Our study sheds light on the expression patterns ofNab2andEgr3in specific NAc MSNs in cocaine action and uses CRISPR tools to further mimic these expression patterns.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSubstance use disorder is a major societal issue. The lack of medication to treat cocaine addiction desperately calls for a treatment development based on precise understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine addiction. In this study, we show thatEgr3andNab2are bidirectionally regulated in mouse NAc D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs after repeated exposure to cocaine. Furthermore, histone lysine demethylations enzymes with putative EGR3 binding sites showed bidirectional regulation in D1- and D2-MSNs after repeated exposure to cocaine. Using Cre- and light-inducible CRISPR tools, we show that we can mimic this bidirectional regulation ofEgr3andNab2in Neuro2a cells.