bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaling of self-similar turbulent boundary layers under adverse pressure gradient
Authors: Liu Xiao , Qin Fenghua , Cheng Wan , Luo Xisheng
Published: August 2024

We present a theoretical and numerical study of the self-similarity turbulent boundary layers (SSTBLs) under adverse pressure gradient. Two relations are emphasized in theoretical extension. The first one explains the necessary relation to establish the same TBL with different choices of scaling, called coordinate transformation relation. The second relation is the equivalent requirement on the outer scaling of the mean velocity profile, named as scaling equivalence relation. Numerical verification is implemented with a set of ideal SSTBL velocity profiles that exhibit no Reynolds number effect by numerically solving the generalized governing equations of SSTBL under specified external conditions and self-similar scalings. Existing scalings in literature and two presently designed scalings are examined based on self-similar requirement to show their fulfillment of the two relations. Large-eddy simulations (LESs) of SSTBL are performed by directly specifying the pressure gradient parameter β corresponding to different scalings. We show once the coordinate transformation relation is satisfied, the similar fully developed SSTBL can be settled with different scalings. Further detailed quantitative analysis confirms the validity of the two conditions. Two velocity profile models of SSTBL are evaluated with LES results. The former is based on the numerical solution of the SSTBL equations, and the latter is based on the similarity between the outer region of TBL and the laminar boundary layer. Both models work reasonably well for present LES.
Integrated magneto-photonic non-volatile multi-bit memory
Authors: Pezeshki H. , Li P. , Lavrijsen R. , Heck M. , Koopmans B.
Published: August 2024

We present an integrated magneto-photonic device for all-optical switching of non-volatile multi-bit spintronic memory. The bits are based on stand-alone magneto-tunnel junctions, which are perpendicularly magnetized with all-optically switchable free layers, coupled onto photonic crystal nanobeam cavities on an indium phosphide based platform. This device enables switching of the magnetization state of the bits by locally increasing the power absorption of light at resonance with the cavity. We design an add/drop network of cavities to grant random access to multiple bits via a wavelength-division multiplexing scheme. Based on a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, we numerically illustrate a compact device capable of switching and accessing at least eight bits in different cavities with a 5 nm wavelength spacing in the conventional (C) telecommunication band. Our multi-bit device holds promise as a new paradigm for developing an ultrafast photonically addressable spintronic memory and may also empower novel opportunities for photonically driven spintronic-based neuromorphic computing.
Mass crystals in vorticity crystals
Authors: Angilella Jean-Régis
Published: August 2024

We study the motion of tiny heavy inertial particles advected by a two-dimensional inviscid fluid flow, composed of N identical point vortices regularly placed on a ring and rotating as a solid body, therefore forming a vortex crystal. In the limit of weak particle inertia, we show asymptotically that, in the reference frame of the crystal, inertial particles have N asymptotically stable equilibrium positions located outside the crystal, in agreement with numerical observations by Ravichandran et al. [“Clustering of heavy particles in vortical flows: A selective review,” Sādhanā 42, 597–605 (2017)]. In addition to these “satellite” attracting points, we observe that for N≥3, the center of the ring, though degenerate, is a stable equilibrium position for inertial particles. This creates a kind of cage formed by vortices, where inclusions slowly drift toward the center under the effect of the surrounding vortices. The central attracting point is observed to persist even at larger Stokes numbers, in contrast with the satellite attracting points that vanish when the Stokes number is above some critical value.
Resistance behavior of Sb7Se3 thin films based on flexible mica substrate
Authors: Wang Yukun , Hu Yifeng
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we explored the resistivity behavior of Sb7Se3 thin films on flexible mica. The films maintained their resistance characteristics through various thicknesses and bending cycles. With increasing bends, resistivity and phase transition temperature of both amorphous and crystalline states rose, while the resistance drift coefficient gradually increased. Raman and near infrared experiments confirmed the internal structural changes and bandgap enhancement after bending. Transmission electron microscopy showed enhanced crystallization and uniform element distribution after annealing. Atomic force microscopy observed cracks, explaining the property changes. Additionally, we developed a flexible Sb7Se3 thin-film resistive device with swift reversibility (∼10 ns) regardless of bending, opening new avenues for flexible information storage.
A comprehensive study of oxygenator gas transfer efficiency and thrombosis risk
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Hongyu , Fu Xingji , Xi Yifeng , Sun Anqiang , Chen Zengsheng , Fan Yubo
Published: August 2024

To investigate the effects of clinical modalities and configurations on oxygenator pressure loss (ΔP), oxygen transfer ability and thrombosis risk and to find out the optimal oxygenator configuration. Modified partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and a newly proposed thrombosis risk model (constructed from platelets, coagulation factors, hemostatic proteins, and blood stagnation) were used for this study. Oxygen transport and thrombosis risk assessment experiments were used for validation. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that when oxygenator operates at low flow rates with low-pressure loss and high PO2, they produced thrombin concentrations and increased thrombosis risk. For the same membrane fiber region, variations in the oxygenator external structure did not affect PO2 and thrombin production. For the ΔP and thrombosis risk, square oxygenators > round oxygenators, single-inlet oxygenators > multiple-inlet oxygenators, and lower inlet and lower outlet oxygenators > center inlet and center outlet oxygenators. The oxygenator high thrombosis risk region was identified as the blood-to-blood/border impingement region. A study of 81 oxygenator inlet and outlet combinations found that the inlet and outlet locations had little effect on ΔP and PO2. Oxygenator thrombosis risk was the lowest when using a center inlet and an upper/lower outlet configuration. The accuracy of the thrombosis risk model was validated. The oxygenator operation mode had a significant effect on ΔP, PO2, and thrombosis risk. Changes in the oxygenator external configuration had a significant impact on thrombosis. The lowest thrombosis risk was found in the center inlet and upper/lower outlet round oxygenator configuration.
A long noncoding RNA at the
cortex
locus controls adaptive coloration in butterflies
Authors: Livraghi Luca , Hanly Joseph J. , Evans Elizabeth , Wright Charlotte J. , Loh Ling S. , Mazo-Vargas Anyi , Kamrava Kiana , Carter Alexander , van der Heijden Eva S. M. , Reed Robert D. , Papa Riccardo , Jiggins Chris D. , Martin Arnaud
Published: August 2024

Evolutionary variation in the wing pigmentation of butterflies and moths offers striking examples of adaptation by crypsis and mimicry. The
cortex
locus has been independently mapped as the locus controlling color polymorphisms in 15 lepidopteran species, suggesting that it acts as a genomic hotspot for the diversification of wing patterns, but functional validation through protein-coding knockouts has proven difficult to obtain. Our study unveils the role of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) which we name
ivory
, transcribed from the
cortex
locus, in modulating color patterning in butterflies. Strikingly,
ivory
expression prefigures most melanic patterns during pupal development, suggesting an early developmental role in specifying scale identity. To test this, we generated CRISPR mosaic knock-outs in five nymphalid butterfly species and show that
ivory
mutagenesis yields transformations of dark pigmented scales into white or light-colored scales. Genotyping of
Vanessa cardui
germline mutants associates these phenotypes to small on-target deletions at the conserved first exon of
ivory
. In contrast,
cortex
germline mutant butterflies with confirmed null alleles lack any wing phenotype and exclude a color patterning role for this adjacent gene. Overall, these results show that a lncRNA gene acts as a master switch of color pattern specification and played key roles in the adaptive diversification of wing patterns in butterflies.
Resisting oxygen/moisture permeation in quantum dots converted optoelectronic devices
Authors: Yang Xuan , Xie Bin , Luo Xiaobing
Published: August 2024

Quantum dots (QDs) are promising semiconducting luminous nanocrystals with superior optoelectronic characteristics. Unfortunately, these nanocrystals are fragile when exposed to humid environment. Oxygen and moisture molecules could erode QDs’ structure and degrade their luminous ability, which severely hinders the wide application of QDs in optoelectronic devices. Therefore, it is significantly important to resist oxygen/moisture permeation in the packaging of these QDs converted devices. In this review, we briefly introduce the oxygen/moisture-induced degradation mechanism of QDs and then the permeation theories. Subsequently, we review some strategies for resisting oxygen/moisture permeation from a packaging perspective, and analyze them with the permeation theories. Finally, we outline some future directions for developing efficient oxygen/moisture resistance solutions of QDs converted optoelectronic devices.
Research on flexible antenna and distributed deep learning pattern recognition for partial discharge monitoring of transformer
Authors: Sun Yuexuan , Li Chang-Heng , Long Yunfeng , Huang Zhengyong , Li Jian
Published: August 2024

Power transformer is an important part of the power system, and continuous monitoring of partial discharges can provide a more reasonable program for fault diagnosis and operational maintenance of the transformer. However, the rigid partial discharge UHF antenna can not be installed in a conformal fit with the monitored equipment, and the partial discharge UHF signal attenuation is serious, resulting in low detection energy efficiency and gain performance can not meet the demand. The centralized deep learning local discharge pattern recognition method has low training efficiency, and distributed deep learning can improve the training efficiency, but the heterogeneous data from multiple sources will reduce the model accuracy. Due to this, this paper designs a UHF flexible composite helical antenna with miniaturization, wide bandwidth, high gain and high bending deformation stability, and investigates a federated learning pattern recognition method based on residual contraction network, which substantially improves the training efficiency while ensuring the accuracy.
Zr doped C24 fullerene as efficient hydrogen storage material: insights from DFT simulations
Authors: Kundu Ajit , Jaiswal Ankita , Ray Pranoy , Sahu Sridhar , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: August 2024

In this article, we report the hydrogen storage capacity of zirconium (Zr) decorated C24 fullerene using state-of-the-art density functional theory simulations. Our study shows that zirconium, like most other transition metals, tends to bind strongly on the C–C bridge of C24 fullerene with a maximum binding energy of −3.64 eV. Each Zr atom decorated over C24 fullerene can adsorb a maximum of 7H2 molecules with an average adsorption energy of −0.51 eV/H2, leading to a gravimetric density of 7.9 wt%, which is higher than the prescribed target of 6.5 wt% set by United States-Department of Energy. There is a charge transfer from Zr to C atoms in C24 fullerene, which is the primary cause of the binding of Zr with C24 fullerene. H2 molecules are adsorbed over Zr sorption sites via Kubas-type interactions, which include charge donation from the filled s orbitals of hydrogen to the vacant 4d orbital of Zr and subsequent back charge donation to unfilled s* orbital of hydrogen from the filled 4d orbital of Zr. The structural stability of the Zr + C24 system at a high temperature of 500 K is verified using ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations. The high diffusion energy barrier of Zr (2.33 eV) inhibits clustering between the Zr atoms decorated on the C24 fullerene and ensures the system’s practical feasibility as a high-capacity H2 adsorbing system. Therefore, our computational studies confirm that Zr decorated C24 fullerene is stable and can be regarded as a potential candidate for H2 storage systems with optimum adsorption energy range.
Performance optimization of eco-friendly CH3NH3SnI3 based perovskite solar cell employing CH3NH3SnBr3 as hole transport layer by SCAPS-1D device simulator
Authors: Dev Tathagat Bhanj , Rajpoot Sakshee , Srivani Annaladasu , Dhar Sukanta
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on the theoretical aspects of third-generation perovskite solar cells (PSC), with the aim of replacing traditional silicon-based counterparts. With potential for higher efficiency and low manufacturing costs, perovskite cells offer unique crystallographic structures allowing adjustments to photoluminescence wavelength. This research addresses challenges in cost-effective solar spectrum utilization and optimization of parameters, device architecture, and materials for high-efficiency cells. In this study, we simulated a perovskite-based solar cell (CH3NH3SnI3) using solar cell capacitance simulator-one dimension simulator under AM 1.5G illumination. The chosen electron transport layer is TiO2, and hole transport layer is CH3NH3SnBr3. The simulation explores variations in layer thickness, defect concentration, interface defects, doping concentration and electron affinity. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of back metal contact work function and temperature variations. Results indicate optimal absorber layer thickness at 0.5 µm. Reduced defect concentrations, increased doping concentration and a higher work function for the back contact, enhance efficiency of PSC. The initial parameters yielded a 19.79% efficiency based on base values before optimization, which increased to 26.66% after optimization. According to the latest NREL data, the highest reported efficiency for PSC is 26.1%. This research provides insights into perovskite-based solar cell design for enhanced efficiency.
Adaptive intensity modulated proton therapy using 4D robust planning: a proof-of-concept for the application of dose mimicking approach
Authors: Kaushik Suryakant , Stützer Kristin , Ödén Jakob , Fredriksson Albin , Toma-Dasu Iuliana
Published: August 2024

Objective. A four-dimensional robust optimisation (4DRO) is usually employed when the tumour respiratory motion needs to be addressed. However, it is computationally demanding, and an automated method is preferable for adaptive planning to avoid manual trial-and-error. This study proposes a 4DRO technique based on dose mimicking for automated adaptive planning. Approach. Initial plans for 4DRO intensity modulated proton therapy were created on an average CT for four patients with clinical target volume (CTV) in the lung, oesophagus, or pancreas, respectively. These plans were robustly optimised using three phases of four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and accounting for setup and density uncertainties. Weekly 4DCTs were used for adaptive replanning, using a constant relative biological effectiveness (cRBE) of 1.1. Two methods were used: (1) template-based adaptive (TA) planning and (2) dose-mimicking-based adaptive (MA) planning. The plans were evaluated using variable RBE (vRBE) weighted doses and biologically consistent dose accumulation (BCDA). Main results. MA and TA plans had comparable CTV coverage except for one patient where the MA plan had a higher D98 and lower D2 but with an increased D2 in few organs at risk (OARs). CTV D98 deviations in non-adaptive plans from the initial plans were up to −7.2 percentage points (p.p.) in individual cases and −1.8 p.p. when using BCDA. For the OARs, MA plans showed a reduced mean dose and D2 compared to the TA plans, with few exceptions. The vRBE-weighted accumulated doses had a mean dose and D2 difference of up to 0.3 Gy and 0.5 Gy, respectively, in the OARs with respect to cRBE-weighted doses. Significance. MA plans indicate better performance in target coverage and OAR dose sparing compared to the TA plans in 4DRO adaptive planning. Moreover, MA method is capable of handling both forms of anatomical variation, namely, changes in density and relative shifts in the position of OARs.
Predicting stroke volume variation using central venous pressure waveform: a deep learning approach
Authors: Park Insun , Park Jae Hyon , Koo Bon-Wook , Kim Jin-Hee , Jeon Young-Tae , Na Hyo-Seok , Oh Ah-Young
Published: August 2024

Objective. This study evaluated the predictive performance of a deep learning approach to predict stroke volume variation (SVV) from central venous pressure (CVP) waveforms. Approach. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and the feed-forward neural network were sequenced to predict SVV using CVP waveforms obtained from the VitalDB database, an open-source registry. The input for the LSTM consisted of 10 s CVP waveforms sampled at 2 s intervals throughout the anesthesia duration. Inputs of the feed-forward network were the outputs of LSTM and demographic data such as age, sex, weight, and height. The final output of the feed-forward network was the SVV. The performance of SVV predicted by the deep learning model was compared to SVV estimated derived from arterial pulse waveform analysis using a commercialized model, EV1000. Main results. The model hyperparameters consisted of 12 memory cells in the LSTM layer and 32 nodes in the hidden layer of the feed-forward network. A total of 224 cases comprising 1717 978 CVP waveforms and EV1000/SVV data were used to construct and test the deep learning models. The concordance correlation coefficient between estimated SVV from the deep learning model were 0.993 (95% confidence interval, 0.992–0.993) for SVV measured by EV1000. Significance. Using a deep learning approach, CVP waveforms can accurately approximate SVV values close to those estimated using commercial arterial pulse waveform analysis.
Historical development of electron swarm physics based on the Boltzmann equation towards in-depth understanding of a low-temperature collisional plasma
Authors: Makabe Toshiaki , Sugawara Hirotake
Published: August 2024

Theoretical study of the electron kinetics (i.e. the velocity distribution and the transport parameter) in gases is generally conducted using the electron Boltzmann equation. The year 2022 marked 150 years since the formulation of the Boltzmann equation. Even in the last several decades, the historical progress has been made synchronously with the development of innovative technologies in gaseous electronics and in combination with the appearance of computers with sufficient speed and memory. Electron kinetic theory based on the Boltzmann equation has mostly been developed as the swarm physics in the hydrodynamic regime in the dc and radio frequency electric fields. In particular, the temporal characteristics are understood in terms of the collisional relaxation times between electron and gas molecule. There are two main theoretical approaches based on the Boltzmann equation for finding the velocity distribution. One is the traditional description of the electron kinetics, starting from the Boltzmann statistics in velocity space under a uniform density or a small density gradient of electrons. The other most recent approach is based on the phase-space tracking of the velocity distribution where the electron transport parameter is given by the moment of the electron density distribution in position space. In the present paper, we will explore the historical development of the electron Boltzmann equation with respect to three key items: collision term, solution method, and intrinsic electron transport in a hydrodynamic regime involved as the key elements in the low-temperature collisional plasma. The important topics listed in a table are briefly noted and discussed.
Soliton solutions of cubic quintic septimal nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation with conformable derivative by two distinct algorithms
Authors: Murad Muhammad Amin S
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the cubic-quintic-septimal nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation with a conformable derivative, which governs the evolution of light beams in a weak nonlocal medium. The analysis utilizes the Kudryashov method and the enhanced modified tanh expansion method. By utilizing these analytical integration schemes, various optical wave solutions are derived within the present conformable model. The paper demonstrates the significance of these optical soliton solutions by illustrating different soliton solutions, including kink-type, bell-shaped, singular, dark, and wave soliton solutions, depicted via contour, three-dimensional, and two-dimensional representations. Moreover, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of analyzing the cubic-quintic-septimal nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation, which finds utility across a spectrum of fields including optics, quantum mechanics, and the study of nonlinear wave propagation. Moving forward, these approaches hold promise for investigating diverse sets of differential equations within multiple domains of applied sciences. This governing equation also has numerous applications in nonlinear optics, such as describing the propagation of laser beams through materials with nonlinear optical properties. The inclusion of these nonlinearities illustrates the interaction and behavior of light beams in weakly non-local media.
Cosmological wormhole: an analytical description
Authors: Chakraborty Subenoy , Chakraborty Madhukrishna
Published: August 2024

An attempt has been made to have an analytical description for possible traversable wormhole in non-static spherically symmetric space-time supported by anisotropic fluid. Both trivial and non-trivial choices of the red-shift function result in identical WH configuration and it is possible to have emergent scenario for evolution of the background space-time in both the cases.
Time-series bidirectional adjustable N-soft expert MABAC method and its application for multi-attribute group decision-making
Authors: Chen Yanan , Zhou Xiaoguang
Published: August 2024

In hybrid models of soft expert sets, experts express only agreed or disagreed opinions about existing grades. This paper proposes a time-series bidirectional adjustable N-soft expert set model to address the shortcomings of existing models that cannot adjust existing grades to a more reasonable state or describe decision problems involving different times. Firstly, this model can explain the experts’ uncertain opinions and make positive or negative adjustments about existing grades. Secondly, the model contains information about time, describes dynamic multi-attribute group decision-making problems and explores objects’ changes and developments over time. And some related operations and propositions are derived. In addition, a new method called the bidirectional adjustable N-soft expert MABAC (multi-attributive border approximation area comparison) is proposed. On the one hand, the proposed method uses deviation maximizing and exponential decay methods to determine the time weights, ensuring the reliability of the time weights. On the other hand, it ranks objects based on their distances from an approximate boundary region, limiting the unconditional compensation among attribute values. Finally, this paper presents an example to verify its effectiveness and reliability by results analysis, sensitivity analysis, and comparison analysis.
Friction stir welding of AA2024-T3 and SS304 alloys: microstructural analysis, microhardness evaluation, and tensile performance
Authors: Mir Fayaz Ahmad , Khan Noor Zaman , Mukhtar Zahid , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Kamangar Sarfaraz , Nisar Lubaid
Published: August 2024

This study examines the feasibility of friction stir welding (FSW) for dissimilar butt joints formed between 3 mm thick 2024-T3 aluminum alloy and AISI 304 stainless steel. It explores the impact of operational parameters, particularly traverse speeds of 20 and 40 mm min−1, a fixed tool rotation speed of 450 rpm, a tool pin offset of 1.5 mm, and a tool shoulder diameter of 18 mm, on microstructure, microhardness, and tensile strength. A traverse speed of 40 mm min−1 resulted in a lower peak temperature of 257.75 °C, while optimal conditions at a speed of 20 mm min−1 led to peak temperatures of 356.5 °C. This higher temperature facilitated material deformation, improved flow, enhanced mixing, and contributed to grain refinement, with an average grain size of 4.2 μm. Vickers microhardness tests revealed a maximum hardness of 339 Hv at a traverse speed of 40 mm min−1 and 413 Hv at 20 mm min−1. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 338 MPa, resulting in a joint efficiency (JE %) of 76.81% for the weld performed at optimal conditions.
Floquet engineering of a dynamical Z2 lattice gauge field with ultracold atoms
Authors: Sun 孙 Xiangxiang 祥祥 , Qi 齐 Hao-Yue 浩月 , Zhang 张 Pengfei 鹏飞 , Zheng 郑 Wei 炜
Published: August 2024

Gauge field theory is a fundamental concept in modern physics, attracting many theoretical and experimental efforts towards its simulation. In this paper we propose that a simple model, in which fermions coupled to a dynamical lattice gauge field, can be engineered via the Floquet approach. The model possesses both an independent Maxwell term and local Z
2 gauge symmetry. Our proposal relies on a species-dependent optical lattice, and can be achieved in one, two or three dimensions. By a unitary transformation, this model can be mapped into a non-interacting composite fermion system with fluctuating background charge. With the help of this composite fermion picture, two characteristic observations are predicted. One is radio-frequency spectroscopy, which exhibits no dispersion in all parameter regimes. The second is dynamical localization, which depends on the structure of the initial states.
Microwave field sensor based on cold cesium Rydberg three-photon electromagnetically induced spectroscopy
Authors: Wu 吴 Yuan-Yuan 圆圆 , He 何 Yun-Hui 云辉 , Jiao 焦 Yue-Chun 月春 , Zhao 赵 Jian-Ming 建明
Published: August 2024

We present the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra of cold Rydberg four-level cascade atoms consisting of the 6S1/2 → 6P3/2 → 7S1/2 → 60P3/2 scheme. A coupling laser drives the Rydberg transition, a dressing laser couples two intermediate levels and a weak probe laser probes the EIT signal. We numerically solve the Bloch equations and investigate the dependence of the probe transmission rate signal on the coupling and dressing lasers. We find that the probe transmission rate can display an EIT or electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) profile, depending on the Rabi frequencies of the coupling and dressing lasers. When we increase the Rabi frequency of the coupling laser and keep the Rabi frequency of the probe and dressing laser fixed, flipping of the EIA to EIT spectrum occurs at the critical coupling Rabi frequency. When we apply a microwave field coupling the transition 60P3/2 → 61S1/2, the EIT spectrum shows Autler–Townes splitting, which is employed to measure the microwave field. The theoretical measurement sensitivity can be 1.52 × 10−2 nV⋅cm−1⋅Hz−1/2 at the EIA–EIT flipping point.
Research on 3D Reconstruction Algorithm of small Crops based on multi-view Geometry
Authors: Wang Haiman , Xiao Mingming , Luo Qintao , Luo Yuping
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a rapid 3D reconstruction method for phenotype analysis of small crops. Be aimed at the current difficult of high complexity and high equipment cost in acquiring point clouds based on laser scanning equipment, the authors directly use the images acquired by the common shooting equipment to complete the 3D reconstruction for citrus seedlings. A three-dimensional reconstruction architecture is established, it integrated the structure of motion recovery (SFM) algorithm, multi-view dense matching (CMVS+PMVS) based on cluster and facet models, and filtering of the generated three-dimensional model. The final result of this method is better, simpler, faster and more resistant to references.
A class of Schwarz qubit maps with diagonal unitary and orthogonal symmetries
Authors: Chruściński Dariusz , Bhattacharya Bihalan
Published: August 2024

A class of unital qubit maps displaying diagonal unitary and orthogonal symmetries is analyzed. Such maps have already found a lot applications in quantum information theory. We provide a complete characterization of this class of maps showing intricate relation between positivity, operator Schwarz inequality, and complete positivity. Finally, it is shown how to generalize the entire picture beyond unital case (so called generalized Schwarz maps). Interestingly, the first example of Schwarz but not completely positive map found by Choi belongs to our class. As a case study we provide a full characterization of Pauli maps. Our analysis leads to generalization of seminal Fujiwara–Algoet conditions for Pauli quantum channels.
Network topology and double delays in turing instability and pattern formation
Authors: Zheng Q Q , Li X , Shen J W , Pandey V , Guan L N
Published: August 2024

Investigating Turing patterns in complex networks presents a significant challenge, particularly in understanding the transition from simple to complex systems. We examine the network-organized SIR model, incorporating the Matthew effect and double delays, to demonstrate how network structures directly impact critical delay values, providing insights into historical patterns of disease spread. The study reveals that both susceptible and infected individuals experience a latent period due to interactions between the Matthew effect and incubation, mirroring historical patterns observed in seasonal flu outbreaks. The emergence of chaotic states is observed when two delays intersect critical curves, highlighting the complex dynamics that can arise in historical epidemic models. A novel approach is introduced, utilizing eigenvalue ratios from minimum/maximum Laplacian matrices (excluding 0) and critical delay values, to identify stable regions within network-organized systems, providing a new tool for historical epidemiological analysis. The paper further explores dynamic and biological mechanisms, discussing how these findings can inform historical and contemporary strategies for managing infectious disease outbreaks.
Wavelengths Selection Method in Near Infrared Spectra Using Multivariate Analysis for Nondestructive Determination of Oil Content in Palm Oil Fruits
Authors: Suci Y T , Budiastra I W , Purwanto Y A , Widodo S , Novianty I
Published: August 2024

Fruit oil content (FOC) is one of the most significant commercial characteristics in oil palm output both in upstream and downstream phases. The NIR Spectroscopy approach was used as a method to determine the oil content of fresh oil palm fruits. Several tests on the NIR spectroscopy approach for estimating the oil content of oil palm fruits revealed that the accuracy was still ideal when utilizing earlier spectra processing. Still, some crucial information was lost when using this spectra processing. Five hundred samples, categorized into ten groups according to their maturity levels, were readied for reflectance measurements and chemical assessments of oil content. The NIRFlex N-500 FT-NIR Spectrometer was employed to measure the reflectance of the samples within the 1000-1500 nm wavelength range. The acquired spectrum of fresh oil palm fruits was then converted to absorbance (Log 1/R). The method applied in this research is to select NIR absorption wavelengths that correlate with palm fruit oil content using PCA analysis and then develop a model using MLR. Five influential wavelengths were identified for predicting oil content of oil palm fruit based on the highest PC values in the loading plot of PCA those are 1166.59 nm, 1188.2 nm, 1212.4 nm, 1387 nm, and 1486 nm. The wavelength of 1212 nm (Ar) was selected as the reference of absorbance for establishment of MLR model, as A1, A2 and A3 were absorbances at the wavelengths of 1251.88, 1252.51 and 1468.86 nm, respectively. The established MLR model of Y= -14088.57 (A1/Ar) + 14017.9 (A2/Ar) – 12.24 (A3/Ar) + 120.67 can predict oil content of oil palm fruit (Y) accurately (R2 of 0.8 and SEP of 3.28 %). These findings show that the regression model has a strong capacity for prediction of oil content of palm fruits easily and nondestructively without the need for spectral preprocessing, solvents, or reagents, making it environmentally friendly.
The Effectiveness of Using Biofilter With the Addition of Palm Fibers on the Growth of Red Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Deep Flow Technique (DFT) Aquaponics Systems
Authors: Taufikurahman  , Wibawa M S M , Astutiningsih N T
Published: August 2024

The aquaponics system is a closed circulation system that uses interactions between plant and fish cultivation. Problems that often occur in the development of aquaponic systems, include the increase in the accumulation of toxins resulting from fish metabolites such as ammonia. The use of biofilters in the aquaponics system is expected to increase the transformation of ammonia into nitrates which can be used directly by plants. The addition of palm fiber to the bio-ball biofilter is expected to filter large particles in water. This research was conducted to determine the effect of adding palm fiber to the bio-ball biofilter on the growth of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) and tilapia (Oreochromis chromis) growth. In addition, we also want to know whether there is an effect on plant growth based on different positions in the Deep Flow Technique (DFT) system model. This research was conducted in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 installations that had different biofilters and 5 plant positions in each installation. The first installation uses a bio-ball biofilter as a control and the second installation uses a bio-ball biofilter with the addition of palm fiber (1:1). In each installation, the effect of each plant position which has a different distance from the inlet was observed with the order of position 1 (30 cm); position 2 (60 cm); position 3 (90 cm); position 4 (120 cm); and position 5 (150 cm) on the growth of red lettuce (L. sativa). Each position treatment was repeated 12 times. Measurements were made on growth parameters and plant biomass, fish growth, water quality (pH, TDS, and EC), and environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and light intensity). The data obtained were processed using a two-way ANOVA test and the BNJ Tukey test with a 95% confidence interval. The highest plant growth and plant biomass were obtained in the control biofilter treatment with positions 1 and 2. The highest fish growth was obtained in the palm fiber and bio-ball biofilter treatment. This is possibly caused by a decrease in nutrient levels due to the addition of palm fiber to the bioball biofilter. The addition of palm fiber can filter fish waste and large food scraps which also contain nutrients for plant growth so nutrients for red lettuce plant growth (L. sativa) are not optimal. Conversely, the addition of palm fiber to the bioball biofilter can improve water quality to support tilapia growth (O. niloticus).
Open source tools for OpenFOAM - Adaptive mesh refinement and convergence detection
Authors: Remmerie Wouter , Majksner Nikola
Published: August 2024

This paper presents two open-source tools to increase precision and automate CFD simulations in OpenFOAM. The first is an adaptive mesh refinement method which uses custom field properties to refine both volume and surface cells. The second is a method to detect convergence and dynamically size the length of the averaging window to obtain reliable averaged values.
Radiomics analysis of cerebral blood flow suggests a possible link between perfusion homogeneity and poor glioblastoma multiforme prognosis
Authors: Ebrahimi Behzad
Published: August 2024

Objectives. This study investigates the association between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients receiving chemoradiation. Identifying CBF biomarkers could help predict patient response to this treatment, facilitating the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. Materials and Methods. This retrospective study analyzed CBF data from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI in 30 newly diagnosed GBM patients (WHO grade IV). Radiomics features were extracted from CBF maps, tested for robustness, and correlated with OS. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess the predictive value of radiomic features significantly associated with OS, aiming to stratify patients into groups with distinct post-treatment survival outcomes. Results. While mean relative CBF and CBV failed to serve as independent prognostic markers for OS, the prognostic potential of radiomic features extracted from CBF maps was explored. Ten out of forty-three radiomic features with highest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC > 0.9), were selected for characterization. While Correlation and Zone Size Variance (ZSV) features showed significant OS correlations, indicating prognostic potential, Kaplan-Meier analysis did not significantly stratify patients based on these features. Visual analysis of the graphs revealed a predominant association between the identified radiomic features and OS under two years. Focusing on this subgroup, Correlation, ZSV, and Gray-Level Nonuniformity (GLN) emerged as significant, suggesting that a lack of heterogeneity in perfusion patterns may be indicative of a poorer outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis effectively stratified this cohort based on the features mentioned above. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis further validated their prognostic value, with ZSV demonstrating the highest sensitivity and specificity (0.75 and 0.85, respectively). Conclusion. Our findings underscored radiomics features sensitive to CBF heterogeneity as pivotal predictors for patient stratification. Our results suggest that these markers may have the potential to identify patients who are unlikely to benefit from standard chemoradiation therapy.
Study on the characteristics and scenario simulation of land use change in the Chaohu Lake Basin, China
Authors: Ruan Yunfeng , Jiao Chunyu , Duan Yashu
Published: August 2024

Effectively evaluating the historical and future land use/cover change (LUCC) is significant for effective land use planning and management, ecological conservation, and restoration. Taking the Chaohu Lake Basin (CLB) as the study area, GIS technology and geographic detector were used to quantitatively analyze the change characteristics and driving factors of LUCC under the three periods in 2000, 2010, and 2020 of the CLB. This study aimed to comprehend the alterations that have transpired over the last two decades. In addition, the PLUS model was utilized to forecast LUCC trends under three scenarios: natural development, urban development, and ecological protection by 2030 in the CLB. The results suggest a significant decrease of the cultivated land area, while a considerable increase for the construction land area from 2000 to 2020 in the CLB. The expansion of the construction land area was mainly driven by the conversion of cultivated land area. Additionally, the slope was identified as the primary factor influencing LUCC, with q-values of 0.275, 0.266, and 0.258 in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. The interaction between slope and soil type, distance to the trunk road and the secondary trunk road, and GDP was strong. The explanatory capacity of socioeconomic factors demonstrated a steady increase. The simulation results indicate that a decrease in cultivated land area and an increase in construction land area still occurred by 2030 in the CLB, particularly in the urban development scenario. Nonetheless, a notable deceleration of change was appeared in the ecological protection scenario. The alterations in forest and grassland areas were not significant. However, the water bodies area continued to enlarge, although the expansion was not substantial. The study results can provide policy references for the scientific management and long-term strategic planning of land resources in the CLB.
How pollinator dependence may mediate farmer adoption of pollinator supporting practices and perceptions: a case study from western France
Authors: Faure Jerome , Mouysset Lauriane , Allier Fabrice , Decourtye Axel , Gaba Sabrina
Published: August 2024

There is limited knowledge on why farmers adopt pollinator-supporting practices, which is crucial to stimulate their adoption. The dependence of farmers on pollination may influence their perception of pollinators and their willingness to adopt these practices. We addressed why farmers adopt pollinator-supporting practices using a 2011 survey conducted within a cereal plain in western France, where farmers were moderately dependent on pollination for crops like oilseed rape and sunflower. We assessed the factors influencing the adoption of practices to promote pollination, including pollination dependence. We found no effect for pollination dependence. Conversely, we found that farm size, pesticide use, advisory services and the perception of costs decreased the willingness to adopt, while older farmers were more incline to adopt. We also evaluated perceptions related to pollinators: more than 85% of farmers considered bees important for crop production and recognized pesticides as a major cause of decline. We found no effect of pollination dependence on farmers’ perceptions. Compared to similar studies over the past decade, we found similarities, particularly regarding pollinator-related perceptions. Finally, we compared the willingness to adopt in 2011 with the actual adoption in 2024, showing that there has been little change. This raises questions on the pathways to promote the adoption of pollinator-supporting practices to ensure for the future of pollinator conservation.
Optimisation of decision-making on risk management strategy for the hydromelioration systems in biosphere reserves
Authors: Pokshevnytska Tetiana , Khrutba Yuliia
Published: August 2024

The field of nature conservation in Ukraine is currently experiencing a profound crisis. In light of the mounting risks to Ukraine’s ecosystems, it is of paramount importance that conservation planning incorporates risk management strategies. In the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster, the management of water bodies in the Exclusion Zone assumed paramount importance, given that the rivers had become the primary conduit for the transportation of radioactive substances. It is therefore imperative to evaluate the risks and vulnerabilities of climate change on Ukraine’s most developed economic sectors, population, and natural ecosystems. This will facilitate comprehension of the prospective consequences of climate change, ascertain the extent of potential losses, and inform decision-making aimed at reducing or preventing such losses in a timely manner. One of the primary challenges facing specialists at the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve, in addition to other organisations and enterprises of the State Agency of Ukraine on Exclusion Zone Management and scientific institutions, is the assessment of the feasibility of hydromelioration systems. It is of the utmost importance that a scientifically sound methodological approach be employed in order to ensure the reliability and validity of the results obtained through the assessment of risks and vulnerabilities to climate change. In this context, the utilisation of adaptive methodologies is of paramount importance for the development of risk management strategies. One such methodology is the Methodology for Risk Analysis and Information Management for Strategic Ecosystems (MARISCO). This article considers the potential deployment of the MARISCO adaptive method as a universal methodology for the analysis of environmental issues, with a view to informing decision-making on risk management strategies in the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve.
A note on Artin Gorenstein algebras with Hilbert function (1,4,𝑘,𝑘,4,1)
Authors: Abdallah Nancy
Published: August 2024

We study the free resolutions of some Artin Gorenstein algebras of Hilbert function(1,4,k,k,4,1)(1,4,k,k,4,1)and we prove that all such algebras have the strong Lefschetz property if they have the weak Lefschetz property. In the casek=4k=4we prove that the Hilbert function alone fixes the Betti table. For higherkkstronger conditions on the algebras are needed to fix the Betti table. In particular, if the algebra is a complete intersection or if it is defined by an equigenerated ideal then the Betti table is unique.
Interoperability in the EU
Authors: Pflücke Felix
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the concept of interoperability within public services of the European Union (EU) and its Member States, focusing on the seamless exchange of information and services across borders and sectors. It begins by introducing the core principles and objectives underlying the EU’s interoperability policy, emphasizing its transformative potential for diverse sectors and industries. It highlights the need for a coordinated and harmonized approach to interoperability, considering the complexities arising from varying national frameworks and diverging practices. The chapter delves into the historical evolution of the EU’s interoperability policy, tracing its roots back to the developments of the 1980s and 1990s. It explores critical milestones that have shaped the interoperability landscape, culminating in establishing a comprehensive European interoperability policy. It also discusses the significance of the European Interoperability Frameworks (EIFs) and the Tallinn Declaration of 2017, which emphasized digital transformation and interoperability in the Digital Single Market. The chapter then examines the European Commission’s Interoperable Europe Act Regulation Proposal, exploring the Proposal’s origins, ambitions, and the driving forces behind its formulation. The Proposal’s impact on cross-border interoperability and public-sector cooperation in the EU is analysed. The chapter also discusses the framework for future interoperability cooperation and the mechanisms to guide this collaborative endeavour and evaluates the progress towards achieving effective and efficient interoperability within the EU, considering challenges and opportunities related to technological advancements, governance structures, and legal frameworks. It concludes by emphasizing the significance of interoperability within the EU and presenting prospects and recommendations for realizing a genuinely interoperable Europe.