bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy and in vitro neutralization capacity of monoclonal antibodies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 delta and omicron variants
Authors: Brehm Thomas Theo , Pfefferle Susanne , von Possel Ronald , Karolyi Mario , Zoufaly Alexander , Wichmann Dominic , Kobbe Robin , Emmerich Petra , Nörz Dominik , Aepfelbacher Martin , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Addo Marylyn M. , Schmiedel Stefan , Lütgehetmann Marc
Published: June 2022

We aimed to provide in vitro data on the neutralization capacity of different monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparations against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) delta and omicron variant, respectively, and describe the in vivo RNA kinetics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients treated with the respective mAbs. Virus neutralization assays were performed to assess the neutralizing effect of the mAb formulations casirivimab/imdevimab and sotrovimab on the SARS‐CoV‐2 delta and omicron variant. Additionally, respiratory tract SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA kinetics are provided for 25 COVID‐19 patients infected with either delta variant (n = 18) or omicron variant (n = 7) treated with the respective mAb formulations during their hospital stay. In the virus neutralization assay, sotrovimab exhibits neutralizing capacity at therapeutically achievable concentrations against the SARS‐CoV‐2 delta and omicron variant. In contrast, casivirimab/imdevimab had neutralizing capacity against the delta variant but failed neutralization against the omicron variant except for a very high concentration above the currently recommended therapeutic dosage. In patients with delta variant infections treated with casivirimab/imdevimab, we observed a rapid decrease of respiratory viral RNA at day 3 after mAb therapy. In contrast, no such prompt decline was observed in patients with delta variant or omicron variant infections receiving sotrovimab.
Functional outcome and CEUS‐assessed deltoid muscle vitality after fracture‐specific versus standard prosthetic design in reverse shoulder arthroplasty for trauma
Authors: Doll Julian , Neide Arndt , Mick Paul , Brunnemer Ulf , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Fischer Christian
Published: June 2022

Functional outcome after reverse‐shoulder‐arthroplasty (RSA) in proximal humerus fractures (PHF) depends on deltoid muscle integrity and successful reattachment of the tuberosities for best possible recovery of rotator‐cuff function. In this monocentric, prospective, randomized, controlled trial we investigated whether a reverse‐fracture‐prosthesis (RFP) with a metaphyseal fenestrated stem achieved superior shoulder and muscle function compared to a common reverse‐prosthesis (RP) design for patients with PHF. Our hypothesis was that patients with RFP may achieve a superior healing rate of the greater tuberosity (GT) compared to patients receiving RP, which translates to significantly higher clinical outcome and functional scores as well as differences in deltoid muscle microperfusion. Forty‐four patients with PHF were randomized preoperatively to one of the prosthesis types in RSA between 2018 and 2020 (22 with RFP and 22 with RP) and prospectively assessed 6 months after surgery. We assessed osteointegration of the GT with radiographs 1 day and 6 months postoperatively and examined shoulder function and patient satisfaction by using established shoulder scores. A contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examination of both shoulders was performed to quantify intramuscular blood flow and evaluate vitality of the deltoid muscle. None of the functional and psychosocial scores or radiographs and ultrasound examinations showed significant differences between the RSA designs. The constant‐Murley score (p = 0.384) and active anterior‐elevation‐abduction, and external rotation were comparable between the RFP and RP group. Similar healing rates of the GT were observed (p = 0.655). CEUS‐assessed deltoid microperfusion revealed equivalent muscle vitality for both groups (p = 0.312). Level of evidence: Level II; Randomized Controlled Trial; Treatment Study. Clinical significance: The radiographic evaluation for the investigation of the GT healing rate indicates that the proclaimed benefits of the fracture prosthesis with fenestration design might not be as great as expected.
Depth of mucosal tunnel in peri‐implant health during 12‐month follow‐up in patients with controlled periodontitis
Authors: Lin Cho‐Ying , Kuo Pe‐Yi , Chiu Meng‐Yao , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: June 2022

Background

The association between thickness of peri‐implant mucosa, known as mucosal tunnel (MT) and related clinical parameters in bone‐level implants has not been investigated.

Methods

Posterior implants, in patients with controlled periodontitis, were evaluated at different time intervals: during uncovering surgery (T0), 2‐month after uncovering surgery (T2M) and 12‐month after placement (T12M). Clinical parameters including vertical soft tissue height (VSTH), MT, tooth‐implant discrepancy of bone level (DBL), pocket depth (PD), peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL), emergence profile and emergence angle (EA) were collected, and the correlation were assessed at different time points.

Results

Forty‐two patients with 60 implants were recruited, and 81.7% of the patients were Stage III‐IV, Grade B–C generalized periodontitis. MT presented no significant difference in PD, VSTH, and MBL. Periodontitis Grade C and absence of bone regeneration were significant predictors for deep MT (>3 mm), and 5.850 less EA at mesial side of implants (p = 0.02).The regression of analysis implied the increase of DBL 1 mm would cause 0.26 mm deeper MT, 1.7 times higher risk of having deep MT (p = 0.041; OR = 1.731; 95% CI:1.02–2.93) and 2.1 times higher risk of having circumferential PD > 4 mm (p = 0.019; OR = 2.1; 95% CI:1.13–3.92).

Conclusions

In bone‐level implants, a correlation between MT and clinical parameters at 12‐month follow‐up was not found. However, history of periodontitis Grade C, absence of bone regeneration and tooth‐implant discrepancy of bone level might define the depth of MT. Additionally, the depth of MT played a critical role in determining restorative design.
New evidence of genetic heterogeneity causing hereditary gingival fibromatosis and ALK and CD36 as new candidate genes
Authors: Machado Renato Assis , de Andrade Rodrigo Soares , Pêgo Sabina Pena Borges , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , Coletta Ricardo D. , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio
Published: June 2022

Background

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is an uncommon genetic condition characterized by slow but progressive fibrous, non‐hemorrhagic, and painless growth of the gingival tissues due to the increased deposition of collagen and other macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. HGF occurs in approximately 1:750,000 individuals and can exhibit dominant or recessive inheritance. To date, five loci (2p21‐p22, 2p22.3‐p23.3, 4q12, 5q13‐q22, and 11p15) and three genes [REST (RE1‐silencing transcription factor), SOS1 (Son‐of‐Sevenless‐1), and ZNF862 (zinc finger protein 862 gene)] have been associated with HGF. Here, our study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with HGF by applying whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analyses.

Methods

Thirteen Brazilian individuals with HGF and nine relatives without HGF from four unrelated families were chosen for our investigation. Blood collected from the patients and their relatives were used for WES. Five Web‐available tools, namely, CADD, PolyPhen, SIFT, Mutation Taster, and Franklin's algorithms, were used to predict protein damage.

Results

WES revealed pathogenic variants affecting the known HGF genes REST (c.1491_1492delAG) and SOS1 (c.3265_3266insTAAC) in two families. Additionally, potentially pathogenic variants segregating in the other two families were mapped to ALK receptor tyrosine kinase gene (ALK) (c.361C > T) and to collagen type I receptor and thrombospondin receptor gene (CD36) (c.1133G > T).

Conclusion

Our findings reinforce the high genetic heterogeneity of HGF, identifying new variants in HGF known genes (REST and SOS1) and ALK and CD36 as new genes that cause HGF.
Influence of postharvest processing on the quality and sensory profile of groups of arabica coffee genotypesc
Authors: Nadaleti Denis Henrique Silva , de Rezende Abrahão Juliana Costa , Malta Marcelo Ribeiro , dos Santos Cyntia Stephania , Pereira Antonio Alves , Carvalho Gladyston Rodrigues
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

This study combined qualitative and quantitative approaches to obtain a better understanding of the sensory quality of beverages made from Arabic coffee genotypes subjected to different processing methods. Over 3 consecutive years, 270 accessions of Arabic coffee from the germplasm collection of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were sensorially characterized after dry postharvest processing. At the end of this period, the 26 genotypes with the greatest potential for the production of specialty coffees were subjected to dry and wet processing. Granulometry and sensory quality were evaluated by scoring and describing the sensory profiles of the samples.

RESULTS

Adequate management during all postharvest stages maintained the potential coffee quality, regardless of processing. All of the coffees studied were classified as special. There was variation in the perceived nuances of the sensory attributes among the groups of genotypes and as a function of postharvest processing, with emphasis on the increased frequency of high levels of sweetness in wet processing. Among the aroma/flavor sensory attributes, the caramel subcategory, as a long and pleasant aftertaste, were predominant in all of the genotypes studied, regardless of the type of processing.

CONCLUSION

The differences in the perceptions of aroma/flavor and aftertaste in different processes were easier to identify in the commercial cultivars studied, as well as in the Bourbon accessions of Timor Hybrid and their derivatives. The access MG 0159 Maragogipe Hybrid F1 stood out in terms of all of the evaluated characteristics, regardless of the processing method used. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Outcomes of robotic‐assisted versus open radical cystectomy in a large‐scale, contemporary cohort of bladder cancer patients
Authors: Hoeh Benedikt , Flammia Rocco S. , Hohenhorst Lukas , Sorce Gabriele , Chierigo Francesco , Panunzio Andrea , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Gallucci Michele , Briganti Alberto , Terrone Carlo , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Graefen Markus , Tilki Derya , Antonelli Alessandro , Kluth Luis A. , Becker Andreas , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

To test for differences in perioperative outcomes and total hospital costs (THC) in nonmetastatic bladder cancer patients undergoing open (ORC) versus robotic‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC).

Methods

We relied on the National Inpatient Sample database (2016–2019). Statistics consisted of trend analyses, multivariable logistic, Poisson, and linear regression models.

Results

Of 5280 patients, 1876 (36%) versus 3200 (60%) underwent RARC versus ORC. RARC increased from 32% to 41% (estimated annual percentage change [EAPC]: + 8.6%; p = 0.02). Rates of transfusion (8% vs. 16%), intraoperative (2% vs. 3%), wound (6% vs. 10%), and pulmonary (6% vs. 10%) complications were lower in RARC patients (all p < 0.05). Moreover, median length of stay (LOS) was shorter in RARC (6 vs. 7days; p < 0.001). Conversely, median THC (31,486 vs. 27,162$; p < 0.001) were higher in RARC. Multivariable logistic regression‐derived odds ratios addressing transfusion (0.49), intraoperative (0.53), wound (0.68), and pulmonary (0.71) complications favored RARC (all p < 0.01). In multivariable Poisson and linear regression models, RARC was associated with shorter LOS (Rate ratio:0.86; p < 0.001), yet higher THC (Coef.:5,859$; p < 0.001). RARC in‐hospital mortality was lower (1% vs. 2%; p = 0.04).

Conclusions

RARC complications, LOS, and mortality appear more favorable than ORC, but result in higher THC. The favorable RARC profile contributes to its increasing popularity throughout the United States.
Phytochemical identification of Xiaoer Huanglong Granule and pharmacokinetic study in the rat using its seven major bioactive components
Authors: Liu Jing , You Longtai , Yang Chunjing , Sai Na , Wu Huimin , Sun Mingyi , Cai Mengru , Peng Hulinyue , Liang Xiao , Yin Xingbin , Ni Jian
Published: June 2022

Xiaoer Huanglong Granule is the only Chinese Patent Medicine widely used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, not much is known about the bioactive components and pharmacokinetics of Xiaoer Huanglong Granule even after it was successfully introduced into clinical use. This study analyzed the components in the medication and rat plasma after oral administration with the help of the UNIFI platform and Masslynx. A total of 119 and 37 components were detected in the medication and plasma, respectively, using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometer. We established a rapid and sensitive simultaneous determination of one triterpene saponin, three monoterpene glycosides, and three lignans in rat plasma by solid‐phase extraction. The determination was accomplished within 7.50 min via gradient elution. The values of the lower limit of quantitation were validated at 0.08 ng/ml for tenuifolin, 0.8 ng/ml for lactiflorin, 1.828 ng/ml for albiflorin, 2 ng/ml for paeoniflorin, gomisin B, and gomisin D, 10 ng/ml for schisandrin. The results from validations of other methods were all acceptable (relative standard deviation ≤ 14.94%). This is the first report on the identification and pharmacokinetics studies of components in Xiaoer Huanglong Granule. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic behavior of lactiflorin was studied for the first time.
An Artificial Intelligence‐Based Cosmesis Evaluation for Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction
Authors: Hidaka Takeaki , Tanaka Kentaro , Mori Hiroki
Published: June 2022

Objective

Management of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) following condylar resection remains challenging in the field of mandibular reconstruction. A simple reconstruction of the TMJ with a contoured end of a fibular graft placed into the joint space is a potential option, but its efficacy is unknown partly because there are only few objective assessment systems for aesthetic outcome. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based aesthetic outcome evaluation system for the simple TMJ reconstruction method and evaluate its functional outcomes.

Methods

Patients who underwent segmental mandibular resection and reconstruction with fibular flaps at our institution between 2011 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The mandibular asymmetry value was introduced as a primary aesthetic outcome measure, calculated for each patient's photograph using facial recognition AI. The outcomes of the simple TMJ reconstruction method were compared with those of cases in which the native condyle was preserved.

Results

Ten patients underwent condylar resection followed by simple TMJ reconstruction, while the native condyle was preserved in 18 patients. No significant difference was observed in the postoperative mandibular asymmetry value between the two treatment groups. No significant differences were found in the functional outcomes of deglutition and speech.

Conclusion

The AI‐based asymmetry evaluation system was useful as an aesthetic outcome measure in mandibular reconstruction. Simple TMJ reconstruction with a fibular end seemed to be a promising option, as there were no significant differences in both aesthetic and functional outcomes between this method and those cases in which the native condyle was preserved. Laryngoscope, 133:841–848, 2023
Validation of lipid profile measurement methods and establishment of reference values in a sub‐Saharan African population
Authors: Tang Tsana Cécile Danielle , Sadeu Wafeu Guy , Ama Moor Vicky Jocelyne , Edinga‐Melengue Bertille Elodie , Nkeck Jan René , Nguefack‐Tsague Georges
Published: June 2022

Validated reference values and procedures are needed to ensure optimal diagnosis of dyslipidemia in sub‐Saharan Africa. We aimed to validate an analysis method and establish reference intervals of lipid profile parameters in Cameroonians using this method. On a cross‐sectional study conducted from November 2019 to August 2020 in Yaoundé, we have analyzed blood samples with Cobas® 6000. We subscribed to ASQUALAB's External Quality Assessments (EQA) and Outsourced Internal Quality Controls (IQC). Reproducibility, repeatability, correctness accuracy and uncertainty were evaluated using IQC. Consenting adult participants were conveniently sampled, excluding those with any condition that may affect lipid profile. Descriptive statistics were reported accordingly, agreement was assessed with Bland–Altman analysis, and reference intervals were defined according to CLSI and IFCC recommendations. The coefficients of variation for repeatability, reproducibility, and correctness bias ranged between 0.6% and 6%, with all values within the normal range. Expanded uncertainty of total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides measurements were, respectively, 0.45, 0.24 and 0.18. We included 422 participants with a mean age of 30.2 (10.9) years and 248 (58.8%) females. Reference intervals for total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides and LDL were, respectively, 2.94–6.02 mmol/L, 0.90–2.06 mmol/L, 0.35–1.36 mmol/L, 1.37–4.13 mmol/L. These intervals were similar between sex and ethnic groups, but lower in younger participants. Lipid profile measurement with Cobas® 6000 is a reliable and accurate analysis in our context. Specific reference intervals must be used in African population, with further studies need for different age subgroups.
Targeted copy number variant identification across the neurodegenerative disease spectrum
Authors: Dilliott Allison A. , Zhang Kristina K. , Wang Jian , Abrahao Agessandro , Binns Malcolm A. , Black Sandra E. , Borrie Michael , Dowlatshahi Dar , Finger Elizabeth , Fischer Corinne E. , Frank Andrew , Freedman Morris , Grimes David , Hassan Ayman , Jog Mandar , Kumar Sanjeev , Lang Anthony E. , Mandzia Jennifer , Masellis Mario , Pasternak Stephen H. , Pollock Bruce G. , Rajji Tarek K. , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Sahlas Demetrios J. , Saposnik Gustavo , Sato Christine , Seitz Dallas , Shoesmith Christen , Steeves Thomas D. L. , Swartz Richard H. , Tan Brian , Tang‐Wai David F. , Tartaglia Maria C. , Turnbull John , Zinman Lorne ,   ONDRI Investigators, Hegele Robert A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Although genetic factors are known to contribute to neurodegenerative disease susceptibility, there remains a large amount of heritability unaccounted for across the diagnoses. Copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to these phenotypes, but their presence and influence on disease state remains relatively understudied.

Methods

Here, we applied a depth of coverage approach to detect CNVs in 80 genes previously associated with neurodegenerative disease within participants of the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (n = 519).

Results

In total, we identified and validated four CNVs in the cohort, including: (1) a heterozygous deletion of exon 5 in OPTN in an Alzheimer's disease participant; (2) a duplication of exons 1–5 in PARK7 in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis participant; (3) a duplication of >3 Mb, which encompassed ABCC6, in a cerebrovascular disease (CVD) participant; and (4) a duplication of exons 7–11 in SAMHD1 in a mild cognitive impairment participant. We also identified 43 additional CNVs that may be candidates for future replication studies.

Conclusion

The identification of the CNVs suggests a portion of the apparent missing heritability of the phenotypes may be due to these structural variants, and their assessment is imperative for a thorough understanding of the genetic spectrum of neurodegeneration.
Observer‐based controller for treatment of hepatitis C infection using fractional order model
Authors: Zeinali Sahar , Shahrokhi Mohammad , Pishro Aboozar
Published: June 2022

In this study, a stable observer‐based feedback controller has been designed for treatment of hepatitis C infectious disease under interferon (IFN) therapy. In order to consider the memory behavior and uncertain nature of this biological system, an unknown dynamics fractional‐order (FO) model has been utilized for describing the interactions between the healthy cells, infected cells, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). To cope with unknown dynamics, the fuzzy logic system (FLS) has been utilized. Limitation of the drug efficacy due to its negative side effects has been taken into account as an input saturation. In order to estimate the unknown states which are required for treatment, a full‐order fuzzy observer has been designed. Stability of the closed‐loop system in the presence of observer dynamics, input limitation, and unknown system dynamics has been established via the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller has been demonstrated via a simulation study. Simulation results indicate that under the proposed treatment strategy, all system states remain bounded, and the infected cells concentration decreases to the cure boundary.
On tempered fractional calculus with respect to functions and the associated fractional differential equations
Authors: Mali Ashwini D. , Kucche Kishor D. , Fernandez Arran , Fahad Hafiz Muhammad
Published: June 2022

The prime aim of the present paper is to continue developing the theory of tempered fractional integrals and derivatives of a function with respect to another function. This theory combines the tempered fractional calculus with the
‐fractional calculus, both of which have found applications in topics including continuous time random walks. After studying the basic theory of the
‐tempered operators, we prove mean value theorems and Taylor's theorems for both Riemann–Liouville‐type and Caputo‐type cases of these operators. Furthermore, we study some non‐linear fractional differential equations involving
‐tempered derivatives, proving existence‐uniqueness theorems by using the Banach contraction principle and proving stability results by using Grönwall type inequalities.
Mesona chinensis Benth Polysaccharides Alleviate DSS‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Inhibiting of TLR4/MAPK/NF‐κB Signaling Pathways and Modulating Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Lu Hanyu , Shen Mingyue , Chen Ting , Yu Yue , Chen Yi , Yu Qiang , Chen Xianxiang , Xie Jianhua
Published: June 2022

Scope

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe disease of the intestinal tract. To investigate the role of TLR4/Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Nuclear factor kappa‐B(NF‐κB) pathways and intestinal flora in UC, and the protective mechanisms of Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharides (MBP), potential therapeutic agents due to their diabetes‐relieving, cancer‐suppressing, and immunomodulatory properties.

Methods and results

A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced mouse colitis model is used for experiments; the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting’s results suggest that MBP can alleviate the colitis symptoms, inhibits the overproduction of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, promote IL‐10, reduces myeloperoxidase activity, and alleviates the inflammatory response probably by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MAPK/NF‐κB pathways. Furthermore, MBP improvs the ratio of Bcl‐2/BAX, maintains the intestinal integrity by promoting the levels of zonulin occludin‐1 (ZO‐1), occluding and mucin mucin‐2 (MUC‐2), reduces the levels of endotoxin (ET), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in serum, and oxidative stress in liver. Moreover, using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing analysis, MBP regulates gut microbiota by decreasing the abundances of Helicobacter and Prevotella and increasing the abundances of Lactobacillus and Coprococcus, reverses microbiota dysbiosis caused by DSS.

Conclusion

These findings confirm the anti‐inflammatory effects of MBP, restoration of the intestinal barrier and intestinal flora, and have therapeutic potential to attenuate the development of UC.
Evaluation of alumina slurry dispersion by nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation as a comparison to conventional dispersion evaluation methods
Authors: Shakirbay Akerke , Choi Jeong Sik , Kim Dong Chul , Shin Hyo Soon , Yeo Dong Hun , Lee Joon Hyung
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we evaluated the particle dispersion degree of alumina slurry containing a dispersant by solvent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and compared it with conventional dispersion evaluation methods such as viscosity, particle size, and sedimentation height measurements. The dispersion of slurry was evaluated via numerical analysis of the transverse relaxation time (T2). The effect of the changes in different parameters of the experiment in terms of milling time, solid loading, and dispersant amount was investigated by NMR relaxation as well as conventional methods. The results of NMR relaxation measurements revealed that T2 correlates well with other dispersion evaluation methods; thus, it is an efficient technique to evaluate the dispersion of alumina slurry, specifically, when studying the effect of the change in milling time and dispersion amount.
Reachable workspace analysis is a potential measurement for impairment of the upper extremity in neuralgic amyotrophy
Authors: IJspeert Jos , Lustenhouwer Renee , Janssen Renske M. , Han Jay J. , Hatch Maya N. , Cameron Ian , Helmich Rick C. , van Engelen Baziel , van der Wees Philip , Geurts Alexander C. H. , van Alfen Nens , Groothuis Jan T.
Published: June 2022

Introduction/Aims

Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a multifocal neuropathy involving the nerves of the upper extremity, limiting functional capability and reducing range of motion. The reachable workspace (RWS) is a computerized three‐dimensinal analysis system that evaluates the relative surface area (RSA) of an individual's arm reachability and has shown utility in several neuromuscular disorders. The aims of this study were to examine the ability of the RWS to quantitatively detect limitations in upper extremity active range of motion in patients with NA, and correlate these with other upper extremity functional outcome measures.

Methods

Forty‐seven patients with NA and 25 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls were measured with the RWS. Study participants’ RSAs were correlated with scores on the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ), the Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and upper extremity strength measurements using hand‐held dynamometry.

Results

Patients with NA showed significantly lower values in the affected arm for all quadrants (except for the ipsilateral lower quadrant) and total RSA compared with controls (P < 0.001). We found moderate correlations between the reachable workspace, the DASH questionnaire result (r = −0.415), and serratus anterior muscle strength (r = 0.414).

Discussion

RWS is able to detect limitations in active range of motion of the affected arm in patients with NA, and is moderately correlated with upper extremity functional measures. RWS can demonstrate impairment of the affected upper extremity in NA and it has potential as a clinical outcome measure.
A new method to quantify innervation of the ulnar intrinsic hand muscles by the anterior interosseous nerve in Martin‐Gruber anastomosis and nerve transfer surgery
Authors: Wu Simon , Curran Matthew W. T. , Hachisuka Akiko , Rajshekar Mithun , Chan K. Ming
Published: June 2022

Introduction/Aims

It is important to quantify the amount of crossover innervation from the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) through Martin‐Gruber anastomosis (MGA) particularly in patients with high ulnar nerve injury who undergo nerve transfer surgery. The objective of this study is to describe a novel electrophysiological method for quantifying innervation from the AIN that can be done using conventional nerve conduction study setup and commonly available software for analysis.

Methods

Seven subjects with MGA and nine patients who had undergone AIN to ulnar nerve transfer underwent conventional motor nerve conduction studies. Recording was done over the hypothenar and first dorsal interosseous muscles while stimulating the median and ulnar nerves at the wrist and elbow. Datapoint‐by‐datapoint subtraction of the compound muscle action potentials evoked at the elbow and wrist was performed after they had been onset‐aligned. The results were compared to the collision technique and innervation ratio method.

Result

Results from the digital subtraction method were highly correlated with the collision technique (r = 0.96, p < 0.05). In contrast, its correlation with the innervation ratio method is substantially lower.

Discussion

In comparison to previously described techniques, the digital subtraction method has a number of practical advantages. It uses conventional nerve conduction study setup, and the added step of digital alignment and subtraction can be done through commonly available software. With the increasing use of nerve transfer surgery in severe high ulnar nerve injury, this could be a useful method to identify the presence of MGA prior to surgery and for evaluating nerve recovery following surgery.
Plasmonic metasurface assisted by thermally imprinted polymer nano‐well array for surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Segervald Jonas , Boulanger Nicolas , Salh Roushdey , Jia Xueen , Wågberg Thomas
Published: June 2022

Plasmonic nanometasurfaces/nanostructures possess strong electromagnetic field enhancement caused by resonant oscillations of free electrons, and has been extensively applied in biosensing, nanophotonic and photocatalysis. However, fabrication of uniform nanostructured metasurfaces by conventional methods is complicated and costly, which mitigates a wide‐spread use of this technique in ubiquitous applications. Here, we present a facile and scalable method to fabricate an active nanotrench plasmonic gold substrate. The surface comprises sub‐10 nm plasmonic nanogaps and their formation is assisted by a pre‐fabrication of nano‐imprinted polymer nano‐well arrays. The plasmonic metasurface is optimized to maximize the density of the nano‐trenches by tuning the substrate material, imprinting procedure and film deposition. We show that the surface Raman enhancement due to plasmonic resonances correlates well with trench density and reach a meritorious enhancement factor of EF > 105 over large surfaces.

We further show that the electric field strength at the nanotrench features are well explained by finite element method simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics. The plasmonic substrate is transparent in the visible spectrum and conductive. In combination with a scalable bottom‐up fabrication the plasmonic metasurface opens up for a wider use of the sensitive and reliable SERS substrate in applications such as portable sensing devices and for future internet of things.
Continuous monitoring of postirradiation reoxygenation and cycling hypoxia using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kawai Tatsuya , Matsuo Masayuki , Takakusagi Yoichi , Saito Keita , Hyodo Fuminori , Devasahayam Nallathamby , Matsumoto Shingo , Kishimoto Shun , Yasui Hironobu , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Krishna Murali C.
Published: June 2022

Reoxygenation has a significant impact on the tumor response to radiotherapy. With developments in radiotherapy technology, the relevance of the reoxygenation phenomenon in treatment efficacy has been a topic of interest. Evaluating the reoxygenation in the tumor microenvironment throughout the course of radiation therapy is important in developing effective treatment strategies. In the current study, we used electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) to directly map and quantify the partial oxygen pressure (pO2) in tumor tissues. Human colorectal cancer cell lines, HT29 and HCT116, were used to induce tumor growth in female athymic nude mice. Tumors were irradiated with 3, 10, or 20 Gy using an x‐ray irradiator. Prior to each EPRI scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to obtain T2‐weighted anatomical images for reference. The differences in the mean pO2 were determined through two‐tailed Student's t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance. The median pO2 60 min after irradiation was found to be lower in HCT116 than in HT29 (9.1 ± 1.5 vs. 14.0 ± 1.0 mmHg, p = 0.045). There was a tendency for delayed and incomplete recovery of pO2 in the HT29 tumor when a higher dose of irradiation (10 and 20 Gy) was applied. Moreover, there was a dose‐dependent increase in the hypoxic areas (pO2 < 10 mmHg) 2 and 24 h after irradiation in all groups. In addition, an area that showed pO2 fluctuation between hypoxia and normoxia (pO2 > 10 mmHg) was also identified surrounding the region with stable hypoxia, and it slightly enlarged after recovery from acute hypoxia. In conclusion, we demonstrated the reoxygenation phenomenon in an in vivo xenograft model study using EPRI. These findings may lead to new knowledge regarding the reoxygenation process and possibilities of a new radiation therapy concept, namely, reoxygenation‐based radiation therapy.
Imaging of sugar‐based contrast agents using their hydroxyl proton exchange properties
Authors: Knutsson Linda , Xu Xiang , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Chan Kannie W. Y.
Published: June 2022

The ability of CEST MRI to detect the presence of millimolar concentrations of non‐metallic contrast agents has made it possible to study, non‐invasively, important biological molecules such as proteins and sugars, as well as drugs already approved for clinical use. Here, we review efforts to use sugar and sugar polymers as exogenous contrast agents, which is possible based on the exchange of their hydroxyl protons with water protons. While this capability has raised early enthusiasm, for instance about the possibility of imaging D‐glucose metabolism with MRI in a way analogous to PET, experience over the past decade has shown that this is not trivial. On the other hand, many studies have confirmed the possibility of imaging a large variety of sugar analogues, each with potentially interesting applications to assess tissue physiology. Some promising applications are the study of (i) sugar delivery and transport to assess blood–brain barrier integrity and (ii) sugar uptake by cells for their characterization (e.g., cancer versus healthy), as well as (iii) clearance of sugars to assess tissue drainage—for instance, through the glymphatic system. To judge these opportunities and their challenges, especially in the clinic, it is necessary to understand the technical aspects of detecting the presence of rapidly exchanging protons through the water signal in MRI, especially as a function of magnetic field strength. We expect that novel approaches in terms of MRI detection (both saturation transfer and relaxation based), MRI data analysis, and sugar design will push this young field forward in the next decade.
Enteral nutrition support for infants with pulmonary hypoplasia: A qualitative evaluation of caregiver and provider perspectives
Authors: Bose Sourav K. , White Brandon M. , Cook Robin C. , Herkert Lisa M. , Flohr Sabrina J. , Williams Hannah L. , Markovits Annie , Teerdhala Shiva , Peranteau William H. , Hedrick Holly L.
Published: June 2022

Background

Enteral nutrition is a critical intervention that supports the growth of children with pulmonary hypoplasia (PH). We explored the experiences of caregivers and providers caring for children with PH to better understand gaps in knowledge transfer and identify barriers and facilitators to caregiving to inform interventions that may improve support.

Methods

This qualitative study included 10 interviews with caregivers and 10 clinical team members at a single integrated care program for children with PH. An inductive and iterative coding strategy was employed to produce a codebook. After cluster analysis, themes were generated to capture participant sentiments.

Results

Themes were defined along a care continuum (1) initiation, (2) adaptation, and (3) maintenance that represented distinct phases of adjustment to enteral nutrition support (1) in the perinatal period and initial neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, (2) from discharge planning through the family's first days at home and establishment of a stable feeding regime, and (3) through long‐term follow‐up and weaning. Notable subthemes included uncertainty, partnerships in training, and obstacles to adaptation.

Conclusions

Among children with PH, the caregiver–provider relationship during the perinatal and NICU course is critical to promoting caregiver adaptation to the needs of the child. Ongoing considerations to support resource alignment and transition to a stable feeding regimen may facilitate caregiver adjustment to a “new normal,” culminating in successful growth and/or weaning. These findings will inform interventions focused on training curricula, discharge planning, and the provision of follow‐up in the context of an integrated care program for PH.
Virtual elements on agglomerated finite elements to increase the critical time step in elastodynamic simulations
Authors: Sukumar N. , Tupek Michael R.
Published: June 2022

In this article, we use the first‐order virtual element method (VEM) to investigate the effect of shape quality of polyhedra in the estimation of the critical time step for explicit three‐dimensional elastodynamic finite element (FE) simulations. Low‐quality FEs are common when meshing realistic complex components, and while tetrahedral meshing technology is generally robust, meshing algorithms cannot guarantee high‐quality meshes for arbitrary geometries or for non‐water‐tight computer‐aided design models. For reliable simulations on such meshes, we consider FE meshes with tetrahedral and prismatic elements that have badly shaped elements—tetrahedra with dihedral angles close to and , and slender prisms with triangular faces that have short edges—and agglomerate such “bad” elements with neighboring elements to form a larger polyhedral virtual element. On each element, the element‐eigenvalue inequality is used to estimate the critical time step. For a suite of illustrative FE meshes with being a mesh‐coordinate parameter that leads to poor mesh quality, we show that adopting VEM on the agglomerated polyhedra yield critical time steps that are insensitive as . The significant reduction in solution time on meshes with agglomerated virtual elements vis‐à‐vis tetrahedral meshes is demonstrated through explicit dynamics simulations on a tapered beam.
Investigation of the linear structures of the Menderes Massif (Western Anatolia) using the moving average differences ‘mad’ boundary analysis method
Authors: Aydın Nedim Gökhan , İşseven Turgay
Published: June 2022

The Menderes Massif, located at Western Anatolia, Turkey, is a wide area that is under an extensional regime, resulting in the area having large grabens along with many faults and being geothermally rich. Due to having a large number of linear structures, the Menderes Massif has been a popular area for boundary analysis studies using gravity and magnetic prospecting. Since both prospecting methods result in potential field anomalies that are directly related to the positions of the anomaly sources, boundary analyses prove useful to mark the location of linear subsurface features. In this study, we have examined the Menderes Massif with a different boundary analysis approach that we call moving average differences. We have briefly introduced the method via synthetic gravity anomalies and carried out a tests to show that the algorithm is effective. Next, we have applied the moving average differences method to the actual Bouguer gravity data from the Menderes Massif and interpreted the results, briefly. Finally, we have compared our results with the already‐known faults and two other boundary analysis studies’ results from the area. The moving average differences results revealed new lineaments spread all around the Menderes Massif, which are possibly contacts/faults that are yet to be mapped. Our results also indicate that the moving average differences algorithm we have implemented provides useful information about the lineaments within the gravity anomalies, sufficient for it to be acknowledged as a boundary analysis method.
A bioarcheological contribution to the social history of Roman Macedonia: The Pontokomi‐Vrysi site in Kozani Prefecture, Greece
Authors: Vergidou Chryssa , Karamitrou‐Mentessidi Georgia , Voutsaki Sofia , Nikita Efthymia
Published: June 2022

Roman Macedonia has been largely neglected by bioarcheological research. As a result, little is known about the imprint of living conditions of that time on the skeletons of its inhabitants, especially those of the lower classes. This paper presents the paleopathological study conducted on a Roman period (1st–4th c. CE) skeletal assemblage from Pontokomi‐Vrysi, a site in the semi‐mountainous region of Eordaea in Upper Macedonia (now in Kozani Prefecture, Greece). The aim is to investigate differences in the frequency of multiple paleopathological conditions in the buried population and to assess whether these are linked to sex‐ or age‐related differences. The study examines cribra orbitalia (CO), porotic hyperostosis (PH), enamel hypoplasia (EH), osteoarthritis (OA), vertebral osteoarthritis (VOA), intervertebral disk disease (IDD), Schmorl's nodes (SNs), trauma (Tr), and lower limb periostitis/periostosis (PO). The results show higher frequencies of OA, IDD, PO, and Tr among males compared with those among females. These results suggest increased male physical hardship, pointing to a possible gender division of labor with the men of the community being mostly responsible for the physically demanding agricultural and animal husbandry activities. Additionally, comparisons of the CO, PH, and EH patterns in adults and nonadults support that, in general, the Pontokomi‐Vrysi community was resilient enough to overcome stress. Overall, these findings make an important contribution to both the bioarcheology and social history of Roman Macedonia and stress the need for more studies that combine historical, archeological (cultural), and bioarcheological data.
Does e‐service quality of online grievance redress portals lead to satisfaction? An outlook from the perspectives of Indian youth
Authors: Kumar Anil , Tiwari Amit Anand , Singh Rohit Kumar , Nag Tirthankar
Published: June 2022

In a democratic country like India, citizens expect quality public services, from the government. The information technology‐enabled versions of public services cannot be an exception. In order to develop strategies leading to increasing levels of satisfaction of the citizens, the quality of the services should be analyzed. For efficient and effective public service delivery, many countries all over the world attempt to develop the transparent and accountable online system to bring the citizen's faith in governance. The present study attempts to check that does the e‐service quality of the online grievance redress portal satisfy the student users. Dimensions and construct of the proposed model were extracted from literature, a survey was conducted by employing a questionnaire, soliciting inputs from 677 respondents. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) modeling was used to drive the results. Results indicates that security and privacy, is the utmost significant dimensions for student satisfaction as it helps to develop trust in the online e‐governance system to bring satisfaction that increases the usage of the grievance portal It is followed by reliability and delivery of quality of information. The demographic variable, gender observed to be not having a significant relationship with the students' satisfaction concerning e‐government services. The limitations and future research scope of the study are also presented.
The fetal sequencing consortium: The value of multidisciplinary dialog and collaboration
Authors: Giordano Jessica L. , Wapner Ronald J.
Published: June 2022

Key points

What is already known about this topic?

Exome and genome sequencing is increasingly used in prenatal diagnosis. Clinicians face numerous challenges in how to interpret genes and variants identified through prenatal sequencing.

What does this study add?

An international, multidisciplinary consortium allows for real‐time collaboration on ongoing cases, assessment of new technologies, and the opportunity to create a novel fetal sequencing repository.
Cerebral small vessel disease caused by PLOD3 mutation: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of lysyl hydroxylase‐3 deficiency
Authors: Zhou Ji , Feng Weixing , Zhuo Xiuwei , Lu Wenting , Wang Junling , Fang Fang , Wang Xiaohui
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Pathogenic variants in PLOD3, encoding lysyl hydroxylase‐3 (LH3), can cause a hereditary connective tissue disorder that has rarely been reported. It is a multi‐system disease, presenting with craniofacial dysmorphisms, skeletal and eye manifestations, sensorineural hearing loss, and variable skin manifestations. Severe central nervous system involvement has not been reported.

Case presentation

A 10‐month‐old girl was admitted with development delay and clustered epileptic spasms. Hypertelorism, an upturned nose, and low‐set ears were noted in physical examination. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple intracranial malacias and bleeding foci, extensive abnormal signals in the white matter, and obvious brain atrophy, which was consistent with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Electroencephalography suggested hypsarrhythmia. The vertebrae were flattened. The distal end of the metacarpal bone in the left hand was irregular. She was diagnosed with West syndrome. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant of c.1216_1218delCTC (p.L406del) in PLOD3, which was found to be inherited from her heterozygous parents.

Conclusion

We report a patient with pathogenic PLOD3 mutation who presented with cerebral SVD. This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of LH3 deficiency.
Investigation of dynamic hyperinflation and its relationship with exercise capacity in children with bronchiectasis
Authors: Caglar Tosun Beyza Nur , Zeren Melih , Barlik Meral , Demir Esen , Gulen Figen
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

Dynamic hyperinflation (DH) is a major contributor to exercise intolerance in patients with obstructive lung diseases. However, it has not been investigated in children with bronchiectasis (BE). We aimed to investigate dynamic ventilatory responses and their influence on functional exercise capacity in children with BE.

Methods

Forty children with BE (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] = 78 ± 19%pred) were included. Six‐minute walk test (6MWT) was conducted using Spiropalm 6MWT® for evaluating dynamic ventilatory responses including inspiratory capacity (IC), minute ventilation (VE), breathing reserve (BR) and respiratory rate (RR). A decrease of ≥100 ml in IC during exertion was defined as DH. Also, spirometry was performed, and peripheral muscle strength were measured.

Results

Twenty patients (50%) developed DH, and four patients (10%) were ventilatory limited (BR < %30) during 6MWT. There was a 176 [100−590] ml decrease in IC after exertion in patients with DH. DH did not correlate to clinical or functional indicators of the disease, except for an increase in RR (∆RR) during exertion. High ∆RR was associated with presence of DH (rpb= 0.390; p < 0.05). Clinical features, peripheral muscle strength, and Spiropalm 6MWT metrics including 6MWT distance did not differ between patients with and without DH. Univariate analysis revealed FVC% (R = 0.340), VEpeak (R = 0.565), quadriceps strength (R = 0.698) and handgrip strength (R = 0.711) were the only predictors of 6MWT distance (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Although DH is common in children with BE, the severity of DH is rather low and may not seem to affect functional exercise capacity. However, peripheral muscle strength was a major contributor to functional exercise capacity.