bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absence of the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation in familial breast and ovarian cancer in Colombia: a case-control study
Authors: Rivera-Herrera Ana-Lucia , Cifuentes-C Laura , Gil-Vera JA , Barreto Guillermo
Published: July 2018

Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been identified as high-penetrance breast cancer predisposition genes, but they only account for a small fraction of the inherited component of breast cancer. To explain the remaining cases, a polygenic model with a large number of low- to moderate-penetrance genes have been proposed; one of these, is the CHEK2 gene (Checkpoint Kinase 2). The objective of this study was to determine the role of the CHEK2 gene, specifically the c.1100delC mutation in familial breast cancer susceptibility in Colombian patients.

Methods: We screened 131 high-risk breast and/or ovarian cancer patients (negative for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2) and 131 controls for the germline mutation CHEK2 c.1100delC by allele-specific PCR.

Results: None of the cases or controls showed the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation, neither as a homozygote nor as a heterozygote.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation is not a risk factor for genetic susceptibility to familial breast or ovarian cancer in the Colombian population.  The absence of the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation in our population show the importance of considering ethnic background before offering a genetic test.
Comparison of the oxidative potential of primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols derived from α-pinene and gasoline engine exhaust precursors
Authors: Lovett Christopher , Baasiri Mohamad , Atwi Khairallah , Sowlat Mohammad H. , Shirmohammadi Farimah , Shihadeh Alan L. , Sioutas Constantinos
Published: July 2018

Background: Primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols, deriving from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, represent a major fraction of ambient particulate matter (PM) and play an important role in the etiology of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, largely through systemic inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. The relative contributions of these species to the inhalation burden, however, are rather poorly characterized. In this study, we measured the in vitro oxidative stress response of alveolar macrophages exposed to primary and secondary PM derived from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources.

Methods: POA and SOA were generated within an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) fed by pure, aerosolized α-pinene or gasoline engine exhaust, as representative emissions of biogenic and anthropogenic sources, respectively. The OFR utilized an ultraviolet (UV) lamp to achieve an equivalent atmospheric aging process of several days.

Results: Anthropogenic SOA produced the greatest oxidative response (1900 ± 255 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM), followed by biogenic (α-pinene) SOA (1321 ± 542 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM), while anthropogenic POA produced the smallest response (51.4 ± 64.3 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM).

Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and controlling anthropogenic emissions in the urban atmosphere, while also taking into consideration spatial and seasonal differences in SOA composition. Local concentrations of biogenic and anthropogenic species contributing to the oxidative potential of ambient PM may vary widely, depending on the given region and time of year, due to factors such as surrounding vegetation, proximity to urban areas, and hours of daylight.
OTSM-TRIZ: approaches and practices
Authors: Шпаковский Николай , Shpakovskiy Nikolay
Published: July 2018

The main goal of modern invention is to solve the problems that are put forward by production and the market quickly and effectively. The author, the professional solver of inventive problems, on his many years of experience shows how to obtain solutions using the theory of solving inventive problems (TRIZ) and the general theory of strong thinking (OTSM). The approach unites the basic principles and methods of inventive creativity into a joint system and shows that the process of creating inventions is largely controlled.
Automated Proof-searching for Strong Kleene Logic and its Binary Extensions via Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Petrukhin Yaroslav , Shangin Vasilyi
Published: July 2018

Using the method of correspondence analysis, Tamminga obtains sound and complete natural deduction systems for all the unary and binary truth-functional extensions of Kleene’s strong three-valued logic K3 . In this paper, we extend Tamminga’s result by presenting an original finite, sound and complete proof-searching technique for all the truth-functional binary extensions of K3.
Weaver Ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Performance in Mango and Cashew Trees Under Different Management Regimens
Authors: Wargui Rosine Brisso , Adandonon Appolinaire , Sinzogan Antonio , Anato Florence Mahouton , Vayssières Jean-François , Kossou Dansou , Offenberg Joachim
Published: July 2018

Weaver ants are used for biological control of insect pests in plantation crops. To obtain proper pest control, ant densities need to be high. Food availability and nesting facilities on host plants and management practices may affect ant performance. In the present study, we tested the effect of two host plant species (mango and cashew) and three different management practices (ants only, ants fed with sugar and ants combined with the soft chemical insecticide Spinosad) on weaver ant performance. Performance was assessed over a 22 month period, as an index value based on the number of ant trails per tree and as the number of ant nests per tree. A total of 216 trees (72 per treatment) were observed in each crop. In all treatments, the ants performed better in mango compared to cashew. Using the index based performance measure, ants also performed better in the sugar treatment as compared to the two other treatments, whereas this was not the case in cashew. We conclude that sugar feeding can be used to increase ant populations in mango. We also found that the treatment with Spinosad in combination with ants showed performance equal to the treatments with only ants, suggesting that Spinosad did not negatively affect ant populations. We therefore conclude that Spinosad is compatible with the use of weaver ants in integrated pest management programs.
A comparison between time of exposure, number of pitfall traps and the sampling cost to capture ground-dwelling poneromorph ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Gomes Camila Brito , Souza Jorge L. P. , Franklin Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

Using effective survey protocols to address the effects of environmental change are key to saving time, resources and costs. Although exhaustive sampling in any location has been shown as impractical, biodiversity sampling projects must capture sufficient information to show how species assemblages change with the environmental variables. This study investigated time of exposure in the field and the number of pitfall traps that efficiently sampled poneromorph ants in 30 250 m long plots across an area of 25 km2 of tropical rain forest in Brazil. The treatments used for the surveys included two days and 300 traps, 14 days and 300 traps, 14 days and 750 traps, and were considered the minimum, intermediate and maximum sampling efforts, respectively. We characterized each assemblage of ants in relation to a gradient of soil texture, terrain slope and leaf and branch litter volume, and then tested whether the ecological relationships observed with the maximum effort were comparable to data on intermediate and minimum sampling efforts. We also estimated the cost-effectiveness of using the protocols in survey programs. The assemblage of species sampled during 14 days  was similar to the assemblage captured during two days, indicating that the number of days influenced the assemblage similarity more than the number of sampling traps. All ecological patterns detected with the maximum effort were also captured with lesser sampling efforts. Overall, both the intermediate and minimum sampling efforts represented savings around 26˗40% of total project costs and 43˗45% of time to process the samples. We recommend that two days of trapping time combined with 300 pitfall traps is a highly effective shortcut for monitoring assessment, which can be applied to large-scale biodiversity surveys in tropical forests.
Visitation of Social Wasps in Arabica Coffee Crop (Coffea Arabica L.) Intercropped with Different Tree Species
Authors: Tomazella Vitor Barrile , Jacques Gabriel Castro , Lira Aline Cesar , Silveira Luís Cláudio Paterno
Published: July 2018

Brazil stands out for its coffee plantations for which the 2015 harvest yielded a revenue of over 600 million dollars. Its production is closely related to biotic and abiotic factors, and insect pests are noted for reducing this production. However, those insects are highly influenced by biological control agents such as predator wasps. This study aimed to survey the wasps visiting intercropping coffee cultivation with different tree species. Four plots of coffee intercropped with different tree species and coffee in full sun (control) were sampled for comparison. Tree species were: Teak (Tectona grandis L.f), Australian redcedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem.), Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) and Avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Six hundred and thirty-nine individuals of social wasps were collected, with 20 species and 7 genera, and an overall diversity index of 1.14. The plot with Avocado had the highest Shannon diversity index (H ‘) 1.23 and the lowest dominance according to the Index Berger-Paker (DPB) 0.54.
Wind Speed Affects Pollination Success in Blackberries
Authors: Young Allison , Gomez-Ruiz Pilar , Pena Janelle , Uno Hiromi , Jaffé Rodolfo
Published: July 2018

Pollination of wild plants and agricultural crops is a vitally important ecosystem service. Many landscape and environmental factors influence the pollination success of crops, including distance from natural habitat, wind speed, and solar radiation. Although there is a general consensus that increasing distance from forest decreases pollination success, few studies have examined the influence of specific environmental factors. In this study, we examined which environmental factors influence the pollination success of blackberries (Rubus glaucus). We measured the number of fruitlets per berry, a proxy for pollination success, as well as the weight and sweetness of each berry. Our results indicate that number of fruitlets is positively correlated with wind speed, but number of unripe red berries per bush is negatively correlated with wind speed. In addition, sweetness increased with increasing numbers of red berries per bush but was lower when flowers and berries were present, though this result should be considered with caution due to methodological limitations. Our findings suggest that a little studied environmental factor, wind, has a large impact on the number of fruitlets in blackberries. Although our findings should be confirmed in other locations to draw broader conclusions, they suggest that producers should consider the effect of wind on blackberry yield to optimize blackberry production.
Morphometric Divergence of Anatolian Honeybees through Loss of Original Traits: A Dangerous Outcome of Turkish Apiculture
Authors: Kekeçoğlu Meral
Published: July 2018

Five honeybee subspecies exist naturally in Anatolia. Unfortunately, owing largely to migratory beekeeping and lack of control mechanisms against requeening, the native honey bee subspecies located in Anatolia are facing extinction. Beekeeping activities, especially migratory beekeeping jeopardizes the presence of the naturally evolved indigenous subspecies of Anatolia. The present study examined morphological deformation in three Apis mellifera (L.) subspecies (A. m. caucasica, A. m. carnica, A. m. syriaca) and two ecotypes of A. m. anatoliaca (Muğla and Yığılca) that have been kept all together in a long-term breeding program at the common apiary. Worker bee samples representing each honeybee subspecies and ecotype were collected from the common apiary, and also from their original locations. To demonstrate the potential hybridization effect on variations of the Anatolian native honeybee subspecies and ecotypes, the geometric morphometric method was applied on the samples of honeybees that had been kept together in the same apiary since 2008. The findings showed that the honeybee population of the common apiary and those from their native settings formed two different configurations on the scatter plots. Hybridization and promiscuous mating among the different honeybee races maintained in the common apiary may have led to the loss of a valuable combination of morphometric traits. Hence, there is an urgent need for an active monitoring system and a ban on queen trading and migratory practices as well as for periodic testing of registered apiaries to identify ongoing variations in the gene pool.
Morphology and Histochemistry of the Venom Apparatus in Different Castes of the Ant Ectatomma vizottoi (Formicidae: Ectatomminae)
Authors: Dias Lima Luan , Barbosa Firmino Ellen Liciane , Santana Vieira Alexsandro , Antonialli-Junior William Fernando
Published: July 2018

The elimination of toxins via a venom gland by some ant species is a component of a larger mechanism for capturing prey and defense. The present study describes the morphology and histochemistry of the venom apparatus of different castes of the ant Ectatomma vizottoi Almeida, 1987. Morphologically, the venom apparatus of queens, gynes and workers of E. vizottoi are similar and composed of the sting apparatus and three distinct portions: two secretory portions (convoluted gland and secretory filament), and a storage portion (reservoir) - a hollow sting apparatus covered in the terminal portion of the reservoir by a sclerotized cuticle. The venom gland of E. vizottoi is longer in queens and gynes than in workers. Furthermore, the epithelium of the convoluted gland is taller in the glands of queens and gynes than in workers, which may be indicative of greater toxin synthesis, or may be related to different body sizes of the castes. The morphology and histology of the venom apparatus reflect those of a generalist, while the histochemical tests indicated that this structure has the same chemical content of lipids, proteins and polysaccharides among queens, gynes, and workers. Images obtained by confocal microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy reveal a muscle layer surrounding the reservoir that is interlaced with secretory filaments, which fixes, in a manner, the filaments in place. This musculature serves to eject stored venom, which likely leads to greater success in defense or foraging.
Niche overlap and daily activity pattern of social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in kale crops
Authors: Jacques Gabriel Castro , Pikart Tiago Georg , Santos Vinicius Silva , Vicente Lucas Oliveira , Silveira Luís Cláudio Paterno
Published: July 2018

Kale (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala) is of great importance in human nutrition and local agricultural economies, but its growth is impaired by the attack of several insect pests. Social wasps prey on these pests, but few studies report the importance of this predation or the potential use of wasps as biological control for agricultural pests. This study aimed to survey the species of social wasps that forage in kale (B. oleraceae var. acephala), recording the influence of temperature and time of day on the foraging behavior of these wasps. The research was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais - Bambuí Campus, from July to December 2015, when twelve collections of social wasps that foraged on a common area of kale cultivation were made, noting the temperature and time of collection for each wasp. Polybia ignobilis, Protonectarina sylveirae and Protopolybia sedula were the most common wasp species foraging in fields of kale. Interspecific interactions between wasp species did not affect their coexistence within kale fields, with peak foraging occurring between 1000 and 1100 hours. Social wasps are important predators of herbivorous insects in the agricultural environment and the coexistence of a great diversity of these predators can help control pest insects that occur in the crop. Moreover, knowing factors that influence foraging behaviors of common wasp species that occur in this crop is important for effective use of these insects in the biological control of pests.
Epidemiological Survey of Ascosphaera apis in Small-Scale Migratory Apis mellifera iberiensis Colonies
Authors: Jara Laura , Martínez-López Diego , Muñoz Irene , De la Rua Pilar
Published: July 2018

Honey bee hives are moved yearly mainly for pollination, but also to take advantage of consecutive flowering events to get as many harvests of honey as possible and/or to find favorable sites for food sources and summer temperatures. Such movements may lead to pathogen spill-over with consequences on the honey bee health and finally on population decline. Ascosphaera apis is the causative agent of the chalkbrood disease, a pathology affecting honey bee larvae that significantly harms population growth and colony productivity. In this study, we detected the presence of A. apis in adult worker honey bees by PCR-amplification of the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the ribosomal gene (rDNA). We first optimized the DNA extraction by testing different protocols in individual and pooled (colony level) adult honey bee samples. Subsequently, the presence of the fungus A. apis was assessed in both stationary and migratory colonies (subjected to small scale regional level movements) to determine the effect of migratory practices on the dispersal of this pathogen. Results confirmed a higher prevalence of A. apis in migratory apiaries when compared to stationary ones, indicating that migratory colonies are more likely to develop chalkbrood disease. Given these results, we suggest that beekeepers should be aware of the risks of pathogens spreading while moving beehives, even within a reduced geographic range.
Tiempo de bienales
Authors: Nieto Fernández Enrique
Published: July 2018

Bienales, revistas, catálogos, exposiciones son formatos donde la arquitectura se socializa. Su interés radica en su condición productora, precisamente. Este año está teniendo lugar la XVI Bienal de Arquitectura de Venecia, con un Pabellón español protagonizado por el trabajo de los estudiantes de escuelas de arquitectura de España y donde Arquitectura en Alicante ha tenido una presencia importante.
El acceso al empleo de preceptor de la cátedra de gramática de Benavente (Zamora)
Authors: Rebordinos Hernando Francisco José
Published: July 2018

Grammar Schools were one of the most characteristic educational institutions in Spain during the Ancien Régime, together with basic education schools (in which children learned the basic skills of reading, writing, arithmetic and the Christian doctrine). They were founded in towns of some importance – due to their geographical location, administrative function or economic level – and granted many young people the opportunity to access further studies, which mainly consisted of Latin grammar. The teacher charged with imparting such lessons was called a preceptor, though in historical documentation we often find them referred to by other names, such as bachiller, dómine or lector. On most occasions, prospective preceptors did not have to undergo any form of formal competitive examination, although there was such a requirement in some exceptional towns. In this regard, our research focuses on how these exams were organized, and the professional profile required to win the post of preceptor of the Chair of Grammar in Benavente, an educational institute founded using a bequest left in the will of don Alonso de Carvajal, a local canon. This case study enables us to provide a comprehensive and coherent overview of the various aspects that characterized the teaching of Grammar during the Ancien Régime.
Space and Time in the Creative Curriculum: Drama and education in two island nations in the early twentieth century
Authors: Cunningham Peter James , Yamasaki Yoko
Published: July 2018

This article aims to reflect on space, time and education in two distinct but related ways: space and time as components of pedagogy, focusing on drama in the curriculum, where space and time frame language and gesture in a complex mode of communication; and as dimensions of historiographical analysis of the evolution of educational policies and practices. Considering progressive innovations of teaching through drama in Britain and Japan, we explore relationships across space and time, drawing on documentary and mainly published evidence. For primary sources we draw on the writing of individuals such as Shoyo Tsubouchi and Kuniyoshi Obara in Japan, Harriet Finlay-Johnson and Henry Caldwell Cook in Britain. We identify a number of progressive schools, their enterprise and experiments, and consider the role of national and international forums. Sources include professional journals in English and Japanese languages, the New Education Fellowship, its conferences and its journal New Era as vehicles for exchange. Taking a critical approach to historiography, the article refers to more recent pedagogical discourse and historical scholarship by Takeo Fujikura, Manami Yoda, Gavin Bolton, Mary Bowmaker and Helen Nicholson. It concludes by considering lessons for education history, and legacies for drama in education, reflecting on current challenges for school drama in light of its past.
Feasibility Study of Compaction and Sintering of Commercially Pure Titanium using Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Fortier Aleksandra , Kumar Nilesh , Komarasamy Mageshwari , Mishra Rajiv S.
Published: July 2018

Manufacturing of a component through powder metallurgy (PM) route involves at least three critical steps: powder blending, compaction, and sintering. Overall, the PM route takes 4 to 8 steps to get to the final product. Moreover, it requires a huge amount of capital investment to perform every step of the manufacturing process via PM route. Friction stir processing (FSP) is a derivative of friction stir welding which has emerged as a generic microstructural modification tool in last one decade. The aim of the current work was to explore the possibility of decreasing the number of steps required in the manufacturing of a product using the PM technique. Using the FSP method, the manufacturing process is reduced to two steps and the mechanical properties of the final product are significantly improved. In this study, commercially pure titanium (Ti) powder was used. The two-step process appeared extremely efficient and it involved: 1) constraining the Ti-powder in a die and using a punch to consolidate it in a final disk-like geometry, 2) next, the consolidated disk-shaped product was processed using FSP tool and methods. Initial mechanical characterization results show peak hardness of the FSP processed Ti-powder product to be approximately 436 HV0.3 with average hardness measured at about 251 HV. The electron backscattered diffraction of the FSP-assisted sintered region showed equiaxed grains with average grain size to be 440 ±254 nm. The initial result indicates FSP can be used as a manufacturing tool for consolidating powders in to bulk solid form.
Preliminary Study of Printing Optical-Based Materials using Aerosol Jet Deposition Process
Authors: Fortier Aleksandra , Tsao Max , Williard Nick D. , Xing Yinjiao , Pecht Michael G
Published: July 2018

This work examines the printing of optical-based materials using aerosol jet printing (AJP), an additive
manufacturing process. Deposition of optical-based materials using the AJP process has potential to be applied in the
fabrication of embedded fiber optic Bragg grating sensors. Made from silica (SiO2), fiber optic Bragg grating sensors
are small, lightweight, and chemically inert, making them suitable for a variety of applications. This study examines
the preparation and deposition of a newly developed silica-based printing ink. The results of the printing method, the
impact of various printing and processing parameters on the deposition quality and microstructure, light reflectivity,
scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, and content analyses of the deposited layers are presented. The results
show uniform printed layers and demonstrate the capability of the AJP method as well as the newly developed silicabased
ink to print high-quality commercial optical-based materials. The focus of this study is on the process/ optical
material property interaction only; the printing of actual functional sensors on components and testing them will be
discussed in later studies and is beyond the scope of this paper.
Factors Affecting Workers Rating of Sewing Operators
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Raisa Tahsin Sharmila
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to research how different factors affect workers rating of sewing operators. In the study, the effects of age, gender, working experience, working environment, financial incentives, salary, leadership practice,
training facilities, machine condition, working methods, education and working hour on workers rating are
researched. It is posited that different factors have different effects on performance. Random sampling method was
used to select 43 garments factory and research work continued to assemble primary data through a structured
questionnaire among selected factories. Correlation is used to test null and alternative hypotheses and we used the
data for presenting graphical pictures, tables and explanatory form. From the analysis we found that machine
maintenance has highest weak negative relation with workers rating and the independent variable, education has
lowest weak positive relation with workers rating.
Design analysis of water control gate for diversion dams
Authors: Hailu Mewael Gebrehiwot , Thakur Ashish
Published: July 2018

This paper summarizes the development of sliding gate in tigray region, mekelle, Ethiopia. Research work deals
design and develop of new gate mechanism for diversion dams that alleviate the operational and structural failure
problems. Systematic product development was followed to manage the different phases, from collecting and
compiling information about the target market and users; to idea generation and realisation of concepts. The basic
criteria used for generating concepts are ease ofopening mechanism, assembly and maintainability. Detail analysis
was done by calculation and CFD and ANSYS. The developed gate has new features which makes it superior over the
existing mechanism
Divergent Solutions to Visual Problem Solving across Mammalian Species
Authors: Mustafar Faiz , Harvey Michael A. , Khani Abbas , Arató József , Rainer Gregor
Published: July 2018

Our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of learning and behavior relies on the use of invasive techniques, which necessitate the use of animal models. However, when different species learn the same task, to what degree are they actually producing the same behavior and engaging homologous neural circuitry? This question has received virtually no recent attention, even as the most powerful new methodologies for measuring and perturbing the nervous system have become increasingly dependent on the use of murine species. Here, we test humans, rats, monkeys, and an evolutionarily intermediate species, tree shrews, on a three alternative, forced choice, visual contrast discrimination task. As anticipated, learning rate, peak performance, and transfer across contrasts was lower in the rat compared to the other species. More interestingly, rats exhibited two major behavioral peculiarities: while monkeys and tree shrews based their choices largely on visual information, rats tended to base their choices on past reward history. Furthermore, as the task became more difficult, rats largely disengaged from the visual stimulus, reverting to innate spatial predispositions in order to collect rewards near chance probability. Our findings highlight the limitation of muridae as models for translational research, at least in the area of visually based decision making.
65 YEARS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX: Endocrine tumour syndromes in children and adolescents
Authors: Goudie Catherine , Hannah-Shmouni Fady , Kavak Mahmure , Stratakis Constantine A , Foulkes William D
Published: July 2018

As medicine is poised to be transformed by incorporating genetic data in its daily practice, it is essential that clinicians familiarise themselves with the information that is now available from more than 50 years of genetic discoveries that continue unabated and increase by the day. Endocrinology has always stood at the forefront of what is called today ‘precision medicine’: genetic disorders of the pituitary and the adrenal glands were among the first to be molecularly elucidated in the 1980s. The discovery of two endocrine-related genes,GNASandRET, both identified in the late 1980s, contributed greatly in the understanding of cancer and its progression. The use ofRETmutation testing for the management of medullary thyroid cancer was among the first and one of most successful applications of genetics in informing clinical decisions in an individualised manner, in this case by preventing cancer or guiding the choice of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment. New information emerges every day in the genetics or system biology of endocrine disorders. This review goes over most of these discoveries and the known endocrine tumour syndromes. We cover key genetic developments for each disease and provide information that can be used by the clinician in daily practice.
Validación de un instrumento para medir el desarrollo moral en el contexto de situaciones relacionadas con la corrupción
Authors: Vásquez Francisco Javier
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Este artículo presenta la validación de una adaptación del Defining Issues Test, versión corta(DIT-SF) para medir el desarrollo moral en torno a la corrupción.
Método: La muestra fue de 232 estudiantes universitarios de varias profesiones y niveles con edadescomprendidas entre los 15 y 33 años de ambos géneros. El instrumento validado (DIT-C) tiene 3 subescalasdonde cada una corresponde con un dilema y unos ítems asociados de la cual se obtiene una puntuación.
Resultados: 1. Existen correlaciones significativas entre las 3 subescalas del DIT-C. 2. Todas las subescalasexplican un porcentaje de la varianza y, 3. La validación externa con otro instrumento de desarrollo moralpresentó correlaciones estadísticamente significativas. El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.809.
Conclusiones: el DIT-C es un instrumento para medir la expectativa individual propia de la corrupción quecumple con varias de las condiciones mínimas de confiabilidad y validez para medir el desarrollo moral entorno a la corrupción.
Estudio comparativo de factores de resiliencia en docentes de contextos socialmente vulnerables
Authors: Forján Rocío , Morelatto Gabriela
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Analizar y comparar factores de resiliencia en docentes de nivel primario de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, quienes se desempeñaban en contextos con características de vulnerabilidad social y sin ella. A partir de los aportes teóricos de Henderson y Milstein, se consideraron las variables: participación significativa, conducta prosocial, autoestima-aprendizaje y percepción de apoyo.
Método: Se realizó un estudio mixto, descriptivo-comparativo, con diseño no experimental, y transversal. La muestra contó con 66 docentes, de los cuales 34 trabajaban en contextos socialmente vulnerables, y 32 en contextos sin vulnerabilidad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: la Escala de Resiliencia Docente y una Entrevista ad hoc.
Resultados: Indicaron diferencias significativas en el factor conducta prosocial, presentando puntajes más altos los docentes de contextos vulnerables, y una tendencia a la significación en los factores percepción de apoyo y participación significativa, a favor del mismo grupo. Esto señala la importancia del apoyo mutuo, el trabajo en equipo y el respaldo institucional como factores protectores.
Conclusiones: Las características adversas del contexto pueden generar riesgos y dificultades en el quehacer; simultáneamente, funcionan como potenciadoras de procesos de resiliencia.
Representações Sociais da velhice LGBT: estudo comparativo entre universitários de Direito, Pedagogia e Psicologia
Authors: Teixeira Carlos Karolyna Pessoa , De Oliveira Santos José Victor , Fernandes de Araújo Ludgleydson
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: O presente estudo foi realizado com 300 universitários brasileiros dos cursos de psicologia, direito e pedagogia de uma instituição de ensino superior privada no estado do Piauí, Brasil. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa conhecer as representações sociais destes três grupos de estudantes acerca do envelhecimento LGBT.

Método: Para conhecer tais representações sociais utilizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada e questionário sócio-demográfico para avaliar se há variação das representações de acordo com idade, sexo, graduação e orientação sexual. A amostragem foi por conveniência, sendo que os instrumentos de coleta de dadosforam aplicados coletivamente na própria instituição durante o horário de aula. Para a análise dos dados obtidos utilizou-se o software Iramuteq que gerou o dendograma estudado.

Resultados: Entre as principais conclusões observa-se que os integrantes da pesquisaobjetivaram suas RS sobre velhice LGBT em dois campos antagônicos, de um lado revelando o preconceito e a discriminação sofrida pelos idosos, e consequente exclusão social. Por outro o direito que tu tens de viver seu estilo de vida sendo respeitados e assumindo seus direitos e deveres como cidadãos.

Conclusión: Finalmente, percebe-se que a representação social dos universitários sobre a orientação sexual dos idosos está relacionada a uma escolha e não uma construção social. Espera-se que os dados encontrados subsidiem estudos em outros contextos e intervenções psicossociais.
Descripción, tipologia e intencionalidad de la intimidacion escolar en estudiantes de sexto a octavo de bachillerato
Authors: Erazo Santander Oscar A.
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: El estudio busca identificar la intimidacion escolar y describir las actitudes que lo motivan, además de conocer la percepción de padres y docentes sobre el fenómeno.

Método: Se utilizó la metodologia cuantitativa con diseño descriptivo-transversal, y se aplicaron la lista de chequeo Mi Vida en la Escuela y el Cuestionario de Actitudes Hacia la Violencia CAHV-25, para identificar la intimidación y las actitudes que prevalecen al respecto. En la descripción de la percepción en padres ydocentes, se usó el Cuestionario de Maltrato entre Iguales (preconcimei). Se escogio una muestra de tipo aleatoria, conformada por 1.300 estudiantes entre los 10 a los 16 años, 513 padres y 81 docentes de 6° a 8° de bachillerato de 5 instituciones educativas.

Resultados: Se confirmó la existencia de la intimidacion física en un 38 % y psicológica en el 68 %, con diversas tipologias y diferencias por género. Ademas, el 35.1 % de docentes y 31.4 % de padres informan la existencia del fenomeno en su institucion.

Conclusión: La prevalencia del fenómeno en instituciones educativas de Popayán es de riesgo, producto de la ausencia de programas de promoción, prevención e intervención de la temática y el desconcimiento de la comunidad educativa.
Reacción psicológica ante la experiencia de abuso sexual extrafamiliar en padres de niños abusados
Authors: García Peña John Jairo , Peña Londoño Erika Lucia
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Analizar las reacciones psicológicas en padres de niños que han sufrido la experiencia de abuso sexual extrafamiliar-ASE, realizado en el Centro de Atención Integral a Víctimas de Abuso Sexual-CAIVAS, de la Fiscalía, seccional Medellín, Colombia.
Método: El estudio se realizó desde un enfoque cualitativo, histórico hermenéutico, con metodología fenomenológica. Para la recolección de la información, se hicieron entrevistas a diez padres de familia, nueve madres y un padre, quienes acudían a proceso judicial por denuncia penal del evento ASE; estos se eligieron de manera selectiva, desde el archivo de noticia criminal que recibe el área de psicología, y participaron de manera libre, a partir de firma de consentimiento informado. El análisis de la información generada se realizó a través de una categorización y codificación relacional.
Resultados: Los más relevantes indican traumas transgeneracionales y sentimientos difusos como padres cuidadores, que dificultan la forma de asumir sus funciones parentales e impiden que sean agentes protectores para sus hijos.
Conclusión: Se evidenció que el abuso sexual extrafamiliar tiene implicaciones directas en los padres y que su intervención exige abordar todo el sistema familiar, ya que cuando una familia se expone a este evento, la dinámica se problematiza, dificultando la protección del hijo y la capacidad de afrontamiento de este, ante una amenaza de este tipo.
Teoría de las representaciones sociales. Una aproximación al estado del arte en América Latina
Authors: Urbina Cárdenas Jesús Ernesto , Ovalles Rodríguez Gustavo Adolfo
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Realizar una aproximación al estado del arte de las investigaciones en representaciones sociales en América Latina.

Método: Investigación de tipo documental que consideró las siguientes fases: preoperatoria, heurística y hermenéutica. La información, correspondiente a 172 artículos de investigación empírica y 102 artículos de naturaleza teórica, fue clasificada mediante la construcción de bases de datos y matrices en la Hoja de Cálculo Excel.

Resultados: Los trabajos de investigación más relevantes han sido desarrollados en países como Brasil, México, Venezuela y Argentina, los cuales están principalmente orientados por el enfoque procesual y se enfocan principalmente en áreas temáticas como salud, género, problemáticas sociales, educación, política y cultura.

Conclusiones: En América Latina se han realizado aportes significativos en el campo de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales como enfoque investigativo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. Con un predominio del enfoque procesual, los estudios se orientan hacia la comprensión y transformación de la realidad social.
Los niños y la comprensión del mundo mental de los otros: Teorías explicativas
Authors: Benavides Delgado Jacqueline
Published: July 2018

El objetivo del artículo consistió en revisar, desde el punto de vista teórico, los planteamientos filosóficos y psicológicos que han servido de base para comprender la mente de los Otros por parte de los niños. Se inicia con el concepto de intencionalidad de Brentano (1874-1995), el cual diferencia el mundo físico del mental asumiendo que la mente necesita de objetos para funcionar. Desde la psicología, se abordaron tres teorías: (a) la Teoría de la Simulación o perspectiva de la Primera Persona, propuesta por Gordon (1992), Goldman (1993), Jhonson (1988) y Harris (1995); (b) la Teoría-Teoría o perspectiva de la Tercera Persona, propuesta por Baron-Cohen (2000), Leslie (1987) y Wellman (1995/1990), entre otros, y finalmente, (c) la Teoría de la Intersubjetividad propuesta por Trevarthen (1974, 1979, 1998) como preámbulo a la propuesta de Gómez (1998, 2005) y de Reddy (2008), denominada la perspectiva de la Segunda Persona. Los debates entre estas perspectivas permiten analizar sus diferencias, aportando la posibilidad de enriquecer la mirada acerca de la comprensión de las otras mentes en los niños. En conclusión, se comprende que la teoría de la mente es un concepto que se ha estudiado desde diferentes ópticas, todas las cuales se relacionan a su vez con el concepto de mente.
Riesgo psicosocial: tendencias y nuevas orientaciones laborales
Authors: Muñoz Rojas Delvis , Orellano Nataly , Hernández Palma Hugo
Published: July 2018

Con el presente artículo de revisión se pretende identificar las tendencias y nuevas orientaciones laborales sobre el riesgo psicosocial en los diferentes sectores empresariales de Colombia, teniendo en cuenta los diversos factores presentes en los escenarios de ejercicio profesional de los trabajadores. En los últimos años, se ha observado un creciente impacto de las consecuencias de la exposición a los diferentes riesgos psicosociales dentro de las organizaciones, por lo cual resulta indispensable estudiar la normatividad aplicada en el entorno nacional e internacional, para clarificar la perspectiva que están manejando actualmente las organizaciones nacionales frente a estos riesgos, y si las medidas tomadas están siendo efectivas para la prevención de las consecuencias derivadas de la exposición del trabajador a los peligros propios de los distintos ambientes.
Editorial Entrevista a Francisco Vásquez. Psicogente cumple 20 años de ser fundada
Authors: Paba Sarmiento Flavio , Galofre Peña Emilio
Published: July 2018

Este año La revista Psicogente cumple 20 años de servicio a la comunidad científica. Desde su nacimiento ha sido concebida como un espacio de divulgación del conocimiento para la psicología y aunque en sus inicios, de manera discreta, ofrecía al lector notas que posibilitaban un acercamiento a la psicología como disciplina, siendo el espacio para que docentes y estudiantes de la facultad de psicología de la Universidad Simón Bolívar, mostraran de manera escrita su quehacer, llevando más allá del aula de clases lo desarrollado desde la academia; al pasar los años se fueron dando pasos más seguros y aquí nos encontramos expandiéndonos, creciendo y con un horizonte cada vez más cercano que permite alcanzar altos estándares de calidad en el mundo de la divulgación del conocimiento científico.
Hábitos alimentarios y calidad de vida en adultos mayores de dos casas hogares, Lurigancho Chosica
Authors: Ramírez Mercado Shirley Paulet , Borja Anglas Graciela María , Ramos Flores Nitzy
Published: July 2018

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los hábitos alimentarios y la calidad de vida en los adultos mayores de dos casas de reposo. Métodos: Diseño correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra fue no probabilística y de carácter censal, conformada por 150 adultos mayores. Los instrumentos empleados fueron: cuestionario de hábitos alimentarios de National Institutes of Health (α = 0,639) y calidad de vida de WHOQOL – BREF (α = 0,869). Resultados: A través de la prueba chi cuadrado se encontró que no existe relación entre los hábitos alimentarios y la calidad de vida en adultos mayores con un p-valor de 0,207. Conclusión: A pesar de no haber encontrado relación entre ambas variables, es innegable la importancia de la promoción y prevención de la salud en adultos mayores pertenecientes a casas hogares.
The Influence of Implementing Role-play as an Educational Technique on EFL Speaking Development
Authors: Rojas Maria Asuncion , Villafuerte Jhonny
Published: July 2018

The present study aims to explore the influence of implementing Role-play (RP) as a technique in English class to boost EFL learners’ speaking skills in Ecuador. This work analyzes the features of RP from its origin in Psychodrama and the teaching and learning approaches that support this technique as Task-Based Learning (TBLT), Cooperative Learning (CL), Communicative Learning Teaching (CLT), and English for Specific Purposes (ESP). Consequently, RP is an educational technique which exposes learners to experience in genuine situations to strengthen learners' abilities for communicating naturally and meaningfully with their peers about events of their daily routines and future professional environments.
A Study on the Application of Functional Equivalence to Business English E-C Translation
Authors: Gao Lifen
Published: July 2018

The “functional equivalence” advanced by the famous American translation theorist, Eugene Nida has been widely used by various translators and has had a profound impact on China’s translation field. The application of functional equivalence theory to business English E-C(English-to-Chinese) translation is of great significance to the future translation of business English. Based on that, this thesis studies how the functional equivalence theory is applied to business English E-C translation from the view of equivalence of semantic message, equivalence of stylistic message and equivalence of cultural message with the practice of E-C translation effectively in order to ensure the accessibility and efficient communication of international business activities.
A Study of Self-development of EFL Teachers in the Universities of Sichuan Province in China
Authors: Guan Lina
Published: July 2018

The quality of foreign language college English teachers will affect the quality of college English teaching. This article investigated 80 college foreign language teachers of SiChuan Province and writer found college English teachers had great pressures. They were eager to get the in-service training and they should be taught how to have self-development. Teachers should co-operate each other and break the isolation among them.
The Effects of TBLT’s Strong Form and Weak Form on ESL Students’ Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Wu Rui
Published: July 2018

The present study applied task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach to English vocabulary teaching of vocational college students. Based on the different ideas of TBLT types—the strong form (i.e. the strong task-based approach) and the weak form (i.e. the weak task-based approach), it designed different teaching procedures aiming to explore different effects of the two types on English vocabulary acquisition. The result showed that the students as a whole had a better learning result when they were taught by the strong form of TBLT, especially when dealing with productive vocabulary. However, the strong form didn't seem to have as good an effect on lower level students as on upper and middle level ones.
Translation of Classics by JX Native Literati of Song Dynasty from the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics
Authors: Li Yuying , Zhang Yuming
Published: July 2018

With the significant growth of China's comprehensive national power, Chinese culture should not only "bring in" but also "go out". Chinese culture is extensive and profound, and classical literature has reached its peak in the Tang and Song dynasties. Jiangxi has been full of natural resources and outstanding people since ancient times, especially in the Song dynasty, when people of talent came forth in large numbers and created brilliant heritage of classic literary works for their offspring. Therefore, study on the translation of classics by JX native literati of Song Dynasty has very important academic value, application value and popularization meaning. Based on the modern translation aesthetics theory, this paper discusses how English translation of Chinese classics represents the beauty and the aesthetic value of the original from the perspective of rhetorical devices, form, images, and emotion respectively, in the hope to carry forward Chinese classics and Chinese culture.
Literature Review of Language Planning and Language Policy since 21st Century
Authors: Hao Ningning
Published: July 2018

As a major part of sociolinguistics, language planning has become a major research topic for many scholars. As a branch of Applied Linguistics, language planning is not a theoretical field of academic research, but mainly based on solving language problems in society. In the past 50 years, language planning research has been deepened and the coverage has gradually expanded. Especially, since 1990s, language planning has become a subject of rejuvenation, which has increasingly highlighted its importance and research prospects. This paper will review and analyze the general situation of language planning research in the past 20 years at home and abroad, and look forward to the future trend of language planning research.