bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discourse Intonation and Systemic Functional Phonology
Authors: Germani Miriam P. , Rivas Lucia
Published: August 2017

This paper is a reflection on praxis which addresses the phonological stratum as an integral part of the language system. As EFL teachertrainers, we often find that students isolate the different meaning-creating components of language as a natural result of the way courses areorganized at university level. It is in the spirit of helping students integrate the various aspects of language and context that we have set outto compare David Brazil, Malcolm Coulthard and Catherine Johns’s Discourse Intonation model –which we have been working with for morethan ten years– with the intonation approach in Systemic Functional Linguistics, by M.A.K. Halliday and William Greaves. We observe thetheoretical similarities between the two approaches in order to see how they may supplement one another. Then, we analyse a conversationtaken from a film following both theoretical approaches, and draw conclusions in the light of the comparison. Our preliminary results show thatthe two approaches explain the meanings conveyed with reference to different meaning-making resources. Brazil et al. explain the meaningsat risk in the interaction according to the phonological systems they describe (prominence, tone, key and termination). Halliday and Greavesdo so by referring to the phonological and lexico-grammatical strata in combination.
Analyzing EFL University Learners’ Positionings and Participation Structures in a Collaborative Learning Environment
Authors: Montenegro Aida
Published: August 2017

A preliminary analysis about the way a group of university students behaved in group activities that promoted interaction and negotiationrevealed that some students were positioned negatively while learning English. This qualitative study analyzed the learners’ positionings asgroup members and the participation structures under a specific pedagogical intervention focused on peer collaboration. The data collectioninstruments were audio recordings, field notes and individual conferences. The conclusions show that the rights and responsibilities duringgroup work were given according to the way the learners mutually acknowledged their skills. The school and social skills recognized by thepeers were related to checking each others’ work, building consensus, and guiding the development of the task.
The Use of Complaints in the Inter-Language of Turkish EFL Learners
Authors: Deveci Tanju
Published: August 2017

Many Turkish EFL learners struggle with giving complaints and criticisms in the EFL classroom. Language instructors must find way to provide students with the linguistic and pragmatic elements of EFL to be able to appropriately complain as EFL users. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complaint speech used by Turkish EFL learners in two different situations: speaking to a commiserating teacher and speaking to a contradicting teacher. Four kinds of data sources were used to collect data in the classroom: twenty native English speakers’ role-plays, twenty-five Turkish native speakers’ role-plays, and forty students’ role-plays. The subjects’ complaint speech act sets were a coding scheme borrowed from a previously conducted study by Murphy and Neu (1996). The baseline and the inter-language data were compared to see to what extent they were similar or different, whether or not the Turkish EFL learners made positive and negative transfer, and if there were any features unique to the inter-language of the learners. The findings revealed that when speaking to the commiserating teacher, students made both positive and negative transfer in using ‘demand’. The students speaking to the contradicting teacher made positive transfer in the components ‘explanation of purpose’, ‘complaint’ and ‘justification’. The component ‘demand’ was subject to negative transfer.
Representations of Social Categories in an EFL Textbook Used at a Private Colombian University
Authors: Delgado Gina Patricia
Published: August 2017

Nowadays textbooks are the focal materials used in language classes. Therefore, following the methods of the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this research report analyzes the ideological discourse present in an EFL textbook used at the languages center of a private Colombian university in order to determine how it portrays the members of the English speaking world, according to the social categories they belong to. The findings reveal that the ideological positions regarding the English speaking world displayed in the textbook divide the social categories into insiders and outsiders of this world. This division that is textually supported through the use of certain discursive strategies, might go beyond the written text itself and permeate wider Colombian societal practices that include discrimination at different levels and in consequence, could have a possible negative impact on the identity construction of Colombian EFL learners and teachers. Key words: Discourse historical approach, identity, investment, social categories, textbooks.
Struggling for Change in Chilean EFL Teacher Education
Authors: Abrahams Mary Jane , Farias Miguel
Published: August 2017

We here report on the processes of designing and trying to implement curriculum innovations in English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher education in Chile. This curriculum innovation project involved academics from six universities where problems such as a divorce between training in English linguistics and education, lack of language achievement standards and students’ low scores in international exams were found to be common to all six EFL teacher education programs. All of this amidst a general opinion (shared by parents, teachers, politicians, etc.) that Chile is immersed in an educational crisis without any easy solution. In this context an urgent need arises for an innovative and very creative design to change the curricula at universities so that the country can raise the quality in foreign language education. The aim is for language education to have a real impact in the school communities. Having Critical Pedagogy as one of the main supporting models, this design we report on is based on the idea that the traditional curriculum is a pedagogy that transmits inflexible social truths; consequently, this proposal incorporates participatory and reflective instructional activities, such as situated and transformed practice and critical framing. This innovative curriculum also includes on-going education, inviting classroom teachers to be part of Methodology classes, Reflection Workshops, early Teaching Practice, and Mentoring as a key practice in creating and consolidating communities of interest in language education.
Holistic Training: Teachers ́ views of pedagogy
Authors: Díaz Monsalve Ana Elsy
Published: August 2017

This article reports the results of a qualitative investigation. It explored the representations on the concept Holistic Training that EFL teachers have in Medellin’s public, primary schools. This work had the collaboration of 19 teachers, holding a B.Ed or a specialization in English. They answered a questionnaire and an in-depth interview. The interpretation of this information revealed that the representations of these teachersabout the Holistic Training have two different dimensions: instrumental and transcendental. Both are structured around student’s personality, motivation, their communicative competence and socio-cultural context.
Assessing Children ́s Perceptions of Writing in EFL based on the process approach
Authors: Melgarejo Melgarejo Daniel Albeiro
Published: August 2017

This action research study focused on the analysis of children’s perceptions of writing in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and was grounded in the theory of the process approach. This approach was considered in view of students’ negative perceptions on writing, their lack of motivation to write, and their poor writing skills in EFL. Therefore, a number of cognitive processes such as planning, translating thought into text and revising were included. The children who took part in the study were between 9 and 13 years old and were in the intermediate English level at a language institute in a public university in Bogota. The aim was to consider such perceptions and see how they evolved during the implementation of workshops based on the stages proposed by the process approach. Furthermore, in addition to an analysis of student perceptions, a secondary aim was to motivate students to write and to help improve their written productions. The data gathered through portfolios, conferences, journals and logs showed that the students changed their prior negative perceptions on writing in EFL, felt motivated to carry out writing tasks, and became more self-aware of their writing practices.
From pre-school to university: student-teachers’ characterize their EFL writing development
Authors: Viáfara Gozález John Jairo
Published: August 2017

A historical review of approaches used to support students’ writing in English as a foreign or second language, as well as of Colombian teachers’ efforts to guide their pupils’ in this area becomes the starting point for this qualitative research. The study explores the biographical narratives of EFL pre-service teachers from  Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) to describe how they have developed their writing in English. The research reveals the methodological practices to which participants have been exposed from their early schooling until their university education in Colombian institutions, most of them located in Boyacá. Finally, the pedagogical implications seek to provide reflective points for the education of in-service and pre-service teachers at a time when higher standards in students’ foreign language learning are expected.
Grammatical sensitivity: a correlational-explanatory study on brain dominance and Efl training to improve gains
Authors: Piraud Muriel Oyarce
Published: August 2017

This article provides a report on a finished piece of research. The study is divided into two stages. Firstly, the brain dominance and grammatical sensitivity of Pedagogy and Medical students in a Chilean university were measured. The correlation of both variables shows that Medical students are better at grammatical sensitivity than Pedagogy students and that left-brain dominance involves higher levels of grammatical sensitivity than right-brain dominance. The instruments used in this stage were: 1) a grammatical sensitivity pre-test (used to assess the students’ levels in this variable), 2) a brain dominance instrument (used to determine the cerebral preferences of the students) and 3) an abstract reasoning test (which measures a person’s ability to identify non numerical or verbal patterns). In the second stage, Pedagogy students underwent a five-session training aimed at improving their grammatical sensitivity. After the training was over, we administered a grammatical sensitivity post- test whose results were compared with the ones in the pre-test; the purpose was to determine if the training could improve the students’ performance in this variable. It was concluded that the training was successful since their grammatical sensitivity improved in 20%. In addition, most students with high attendance to the training (over 80%) improved their grammatical sensitivity after attending it.
A novel ceramic tibial component is as safe as its metal counterpart
Authors: Trieb Klemens
Published: August 2017

Failure rates of 2–10% provide evidence for further development in knee arthroplasty. The purpose of our study was to examine the safety of the tibial component of a novel all-ceramic total knee replacement (TKR) (BPK-S Integration ceramic) consisting of BIOLOX®delta ceramic. The standards ISO 14879-1 and ASTM F1800-07 describe the test set-up for the experimental strength verification with a significantly increased maximum load of 5300 N (900 N are required) and post-fatigue burst strength testing. All specimens were able to prove their mechanical strength against fracture in the alternating load test. There was no material fracture in any of the included tibial components. The subsequent post-fatigue burst strength testing revealed the maximum strength against fracture of all specimens. With at least 9.7 kN for size 3 and at least 12.1 kN for size 6, all specimens showed relatively large strength reserves to the stress in the alternating load test. So far we simulated an in vivo lifetime of 10 years for the tibial component. Further studies should be conducted in which longer in vivo lifetimes of the components are simulated to investigate possible fatigue of the used material over a longer period of time.
Undergraduate medical students need more training in craniomaxillofacial surgery: a comparative study between medical and dental students
Authors: Seifert Lukas B. , Sterz Jasmina , Bender Bernd , Sader Robert , Ruesseler Miriam , Hoefer Sebastian H.
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

To compare the performance in oral, craniomaxillofacial, and facial plastic surgery (CMF)-specific surgical skills between medical students (MS) and dental students (DS) and hence adjust the current CMF training to student-specific needs. The investigators hypothesized that there would be no performance differences between MS and DS.

Methods:

The investigators implemented a comparative retrospective item-based analysis of student performance in a CMF-specific objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) from 2008 to 2015. The sample was composed of 1010 MS and 225 DS who completed a standardized CMF training and OSCE. Three OSCE scenarios [management mandible fracture (MMF), management zygomatic fracture (MZF), and structured facial examination (SFE)] were included in the study because learning objectives were equal. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed and the p value was set at 0.05.

Results:

In all of the analyzed OSCE scenarios, DS significantly outperformed MS (MMF p<0.001; MZF p=0.013; SFE p<0.001). DS especially appeared to be better in the correct interpretation of radiological findings (five of seven items, MMF) and the correct allocation of anatomical structures (four of five items, MZF) as well as the symptom-oriented examination of the eye (three of three items, SFE).

Discussion and conclusion:

DS overall seem to be perform better in typical CMF skills. The reasons for this performance gap could be a more profound knowledge of the facial anatomy as well as a higher awareness for CMF as a related specialty to dentistry. CMF should be included in medical curricula in a larger scale, and possible career paths should be highlighted to MS and DS to raise attraction for the specialty. Further studies should focus on the implementation of modern teaching methods in CMF education.
Degradation of methyl orange using dielectric barrier discharge water falling film reactor
Authors: Wang Baowei , Xu Meng , Chi Chunmei , Wang Chao , Meng Dajun
Published: August 2017

The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technique based cylindrical water falling film reactor was used for degrading an azo dye methyl orange (MO). The primary conditions affecting the degradation of methyl orange were systematically investigated. After 30 min plasma treatment, the degradation rate of MO was as high as 93.7% with gas velocity of 300 mL/min and the input energy of 72.5W. The influences of initial pH and conductivity of MO solution were also explored. The results indicated that the optimum pH value was 3.02 and 99.1% removal of MO was achieved within 30 min. Three catalytic systems DBD/Fe
Antidiarrheal and antinociceptive activities of ethanol extract and its chloroform and pet ether fraction of Phrynium imbricatum (Roxb.) leaves in mice
Authors: Hossain Mohammed Munawar , Kabir Mohammad Shah Hafez , Dinar Md. Abu Monsur , Arman Md. Saiful Islam , Rahman Md. Mominur , Hosen S.M. Zahid , Dash Raju , Uddin Mir Muhammad Nasir
Published: August 2017

Background:

The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal and antinociceptive activities of ethanol extract and its chloroform and pet ether fraction of Phrynium imbricatum (Roxb.) leaves in mice.

Methods:

In the present study, the dried leaves of P. imbricatum were subjected to extraction with ethanol, and then it was fractioned by chloroform and pet ether solvent. Antidiarrheal effects were tested by using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal transit test. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test.

Results:

The standard drug loperamide (5 mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.001) inhibitory activity against castor oil-induced diarrhea, in which all the examined treatments decreased the frequency of defecation and were found to possess an anti-castor oil-induced enteropooling effect in mice by reducing both weight and volume of intestinal content significantly, and reducing the propulsive movement in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit using charcoal meal in mice. The results showed that the ethanol extract of P. imbricatum leaves has significant dose-dependent antinociceptive activity, and among its two different fractions, the pet ether fraction significantly inhibited the abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid and the licking times in formalin test at both phases.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the plant may be a potential source for the development of a new antinociceptive drug and slightly suitable for diarrhea, as it exhibited lower activity. Our observations resemble previously published data on P. imbricatum leaves.
Cutaneous temperature sensitivity alteration in subjects with chronic stroke sequelae – pharmacological perspectives
Authors: Santos Artur Cesar Aquino , Alfieri Fábio Marcon , Battistella Linamara Rizzo
Published: August 2017

Background:

Stroke can result in body temperature sensitivity changes. This study analyzed abnormal temperature perception of patients with stroke and the use of vasoactive drugs.

Methods:

A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out consisting of 100 patients (55.6±12.9 years old), from both genres, with either hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, with unilateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis. Subjects had axillary temperature and different temperature sensitivities of the limbs measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). Information on the use of medical drugs was collected in clinical records.

Results:

In total, 64 patients reported body temperature alterations, and 62 patients stated they feel cold in the affected side. They reported 6.12±2.44 cm alteration for the upper limb and 6.72±2.44 cm for the lower limb in the VAS. Some 86 different drugs were identified in the 85 medical records available. There was a prevalence of a group of drugs formed by the β-blockers, dopamine agonists, dopamine reuptake Inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and another group formed by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Conclusions:

Most of the subjects reported a sensation of cold in the affected limbs. The β-blockers, dopamine agonists, dopamine reuptake inhibitors, and TCAs seem to be related to this sensation, however, due to the number of uncontrolled variables that may be related to these drugs and the possible role of nitric oxide, it was not possible to establish precise relations regarding the use of a specific group of drugs and the cold sensation in the affected limbs, as reported by the patients.
Magneto-elastic SV-wave at the interface of pre-stressed surface with voids under rotation
Authors: Kakar Rajneesh , Kakar Shikha
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to study the behaviour of reflection of SV- wave at a free surface under the effects of magnetic field, initial stress, rotation and voids. When a SV- wave is incident on the free surface of an elastic half space, two damped P-waves and a SV-wave is reflected. Among of these waves, P-waves are only affected by magnetic field and rotation whereas SV-wave is influenced by rotation, initial stress and magnetic field. Numerical computations are performed for the developed amplitude ratios of P-, SV- and magneto-elastic waves. This study would be useful for magneto-elastic acoustic device field and further study about nature of seismic waves.
Applying targeted next generation sequencing to dried blood spot specimens from suspicious cases identified by tandem mass spectrometry-based newborn screening
Authors: Qian Jicheng , Wang Xiaonan , Liu Jia , Zhong Junyuan , Le Yanqun , Melchior Tellier Laurent C.A. , Liu Chao , Jiang Pingping , Gao Rui , Wang Yuan
Published: August 2017

Background:

Tandem mass spectrometry (TMS)-based newborn screening has been proven successful as one of the public healthcare programs, although the practicability has not yet been specifically addressed.

Methods:

Sixty residual dried blood spot (DBS) specimens from confirmation/diagnosis-insufficient cases discovered by TMS screening were analyzed by targeted next generation sequencing (TNGS) assay.

Results:

In total, 26, 11, 9, and 14 cases were diagnosed as positive, high risk, low risk, and negative, respectively.

Conclusions:

Applying the DBS-based TNGS assay for the accurate and rapid diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) is feasible, competent, and advantageous, enabling a simplified TMS screening-based, TNGS assay-integrated newborn screening scheme highlighting an efficient, executable, and one-step screening-to-diagnosis workflow.
Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications
Authors: Cao En , Lin Weihua , Sun Mengtao , Liang Wenjie , Song Yuzhi
Published: August 2017

The interaction of exciton-plasmon coupling and the conversion of exciton-plasmon-photon have been widely investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we introduce the exciton-plasmon interaction from basic principle to applications. There are two kinds of exciton-plasmon coupling, which demonstrate different optical properties. The strong exciton-plasmon coupling results in two new mixed states of light and matter separated energetically by a Rabi splitting that exhibits a characteristic anticrossing behavior of the exciton-LSP energy tuning. Compared to strong coupling, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon (SP)-enhanced absorption, enhanced fluorescence, or fluorescence quenching, there is no perturbation between wave functions; the interaction here is called the weak coupling. SP resonance (SPR) arises from the collective oscillation induced by the electromagnetic field of light and can be used for investigating the interaction between light and matter beyond the diffraction limit. The study on the interaction between SPR and exaction has drawn wide attention since its discovery not only due to its contribution in deepening and broadening the understanding of SPR but also its contribution to its application in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, low threshold laser, biomedical detection, quantum information processing, and so on.
Equiatomic indides REIrIn (RE=La, Pr, Nd, Er–Yb) – Crystal and electronic structure
Authors: Zaremba Nazar , Muts Ihor , Hlukhyy Viktor , Stein Sebastian , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pavlyuk Volodymyr , Pöttgen Rainer , Zaremba Vasyl
Published: August 2017

The equiatomic rare earth iridium indides REIrIn (RE=La, Pr, Nd, Er–Yb) were synthesized by reaction of the elements in induction or muffle furnaces and were characterized through X-ray powder patterns. The structures of LaIr0.86In1.14, PrIr0.89In1.11, NdIr0.94In1.06, ErIrIn (all ZrNiAl type, P6̅2m), and YbIrIn (TiNiSi type, Pnma) were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. Refinements of the occupancy parameters revealed small degrees of solid solutions with indium substitution on the iridium sites. Chemical bonding analyses and electronic structure calculations indicate the dominance of metallic bonding in addition to partial ionic interactions between the cations and polyanions, as well as covalent contributions between the indium and iridium atoms.
Risk Factors for Falls in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Ansai Juliana Hotta , Andrade Larissa Pires de , Masse Fernando Arturo Arriagada , Gonçalves Jessica , Takahashi Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros , Vale Francisco Assis Carvalho , Rebelatto José Rubens
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose:

Understanding fall risk factors in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD) can help to establish specific plans for prevention of falls. The purpose of this study was to identify fall risk factors in older adults with MCI and mild AD.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted with community-dwelling older adults (40 MCI; 38 mild AD). The assessments consisted of sociodemographic and health variables, caloric expenditure, functional status, functional mobility (10-m walk test, dual-task test, and transition Timed Up and Go phases), cognitive domains, and depressive symptoms. Falls were recorded for 6 months by a falls calendar and monthly telephone calls.

Results:

Falls were reported in 52.6% and 51.4% of people with MCI and mild AD, respectively. Among people with MCI, lower functional status, higher time spent on walk and dual task tests, and higher depressive symptom scores were associated with falls. Higher time spent on the dual-task test was independently associated with falls. Among people with mild AD, falls were associated with lower time spent on the walk test and turn-to-sit phase, and a higher visuospatial domain score. Lower time spent on the turn-to-sit phase was identified as an independent predictor of falls.

Conclusions:

Careful attention should be given to dual-task and turn-to-sit activities when detecting risk of falls among older people with MCI and mild AD.
Assessment of Loaded Squat Jump Height With a Free-Weight Barbell and Smith Machine: Comparison of the Takeoff Velocity and Flight Time Procedures
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , McMahon John J. , Comfort Paul , García-Ramos Amador
Published: August 2017

Pérez-Castilla, A, McMahon, JJ, Comfort, P, and García-Ramos, A. Assessment of loaded squat jump height with a free-weight barbell and Smith machine: comparison of the takeoff velocity and flight time procedures. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 671–677, 2020—The aims of this study were to compare the reliability and magnitude of jump height between the 2 standard procedures of analyzing force platform data to estimate jump height (takeoff velocity [TOV] and flight time [FT]) in the loaded squat jump (SJ) exercise performed with a free-weight barbell and in a Smith machine. Twenty-three collegiate men (age, 23.1 ± 3.2 years; body mass, 74.7 ± 7.3 kg; height, 177.1 ± 7.0 cm) were tested twice for each SJ type (free-weight barbell and Smith machine) with 17-, 30-, 45-, 60-, and 75-kg loads. No substantial differences in reliability were observed between the TOV (coefficient of variation [CV], 9.88%; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.82) and FT (CV, 8.68%; ICC, 0.88) procedures (CV ratio, 1.14), whereas the Smith SJ (CV, 7.74%; ICC, 0.87) revealed a higher reliability than the free-weight SJ (CV, 9.88%; ICC, 0.81; CV ratio, 1.28). The TOV procedure provided higher magnitudes of jump height than the FT procedure for the loaded Smith machine SJ (systematic bias, 2.64 cm; p ≤ 0.05), whereas no significant differences between the TOV and FT procedures were observed in the free-weight SJ exercise (systematic bias, 0.26 cm; p > 0.05). Heteroscedasticity of the errors was observed for the Smith machine SJ (r
2 = 0.177) with increasing differences in favor of the TOV procedure for the trials with lower jump height (i.e., higher external loads). Based on these results, the use of a Smith machine in conjunction with the FT more accurately determine jump height during the loaded SJ.
Effects of Jaw Clenching and Jaw Alignment Mouthpiece Use on Force Production During Vertical Jump and Isometric Clean Pull
Authors: Allen Charles R. , Fu Yang-Chieh , Cazas-Moreno Vanessa , Valliant Melinda W. , Gdovin Jacob R. , Williams Charles C. , Garner John C.
Published: August 2017

Allen, CR, Fu, Y-C, Cazas-Moreno, V, Valliant, MW, Gdovin, JR, Williams, CC, and Garner, JC. Effects of jaw clenching and jaw alignment mouthpiece use on force production during vertical jump and isometric clean pull. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 237–243, 2018—This study examined the effects of jaw clenching, a self-adapted, jaw-repositioning mouthpiece on force production during maximum countermovement vertical jump and maximum isometric midthigh clean pull assessments in an attempt to determine any ergogenic effect attributable to clenching, jaw-repositioning mouthpiece use, or the combination of both. Thirty-six male subjects performed vertical jump and isometric clean pull assessments from a force platform under various mouthpiece and clench conditions. A 3 × 2 (mouthpiece × clench) repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to analyze each of the following force production variables for both assessments: peak force, normalized peak force, and rate of force development. In addition, jump height was analyzed for the vertical jump. Results revealed improvements in peak force (F
1,35 = 15.84, p ≤ 0.001,

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= 0.31), normalized peak force (F
1,35 = 16.28, p ≤ 0.001,

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= 0.32), and rate of force development (F
1,35 = 12.89, p = 0.001,

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= 0.27) during the isometric clean pull assessment when participants maximally clenched their jaw, regardless of mouthpiece condition. There were no statistically significant differences in jump height, peak force, normalized peak force, or rate of force development during the vertical jump for any treatment condition. This study supports previous research demonstrating that the implementation of remote voluntary contractions such as jaw clenching can lead to concurrent activation potentiation and a resulting ergogenic effect during activities involving and requiring high-force production.
Inter- and Intra-rater Reliability of the Athletic Ability Assessment in Subelite Australian Rules Football Players
Authors: Rogers Daniel K. , McKeown Ian , Parfitt Gaynor , Burgess Darren , Eston Roger G.
Published: August 2017

Rogers, DK, McKeown, I, Parfitt, G, Burgess, D, and Eston, RG. Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the athletic ability assessment in subelite Australian rules football players. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 125–138, 2019—The aim of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-rater rater reliability of the Athletic Ability Assessment (AAA) in subelite Australian Rules football (ARF) players. Eighteen male ARF players completed the AAA movement assessment (overhead squat, double lunge [left and right], single-leg Romanian deadlift [left and right], chin-up and push-up), on 2 occasions separated by 1 week. During the first movement assessment, players were filmed in the frontal and sagittal planes. Ten raters took part in the study (1 experienced rater and 9 novices) and were assigned in a quasirandom manner, to complete either (a) real-time assessment on 2 occasions, (b) real-time assessment on 1 occasion, or (c) video-based assessment on 2 occasions. When assessed in real-time, of the 7 component movements of the AAA, raters registered moderate or greater intrarater agreement on between 2 and 5 occasions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of between 0.50 and 0.61 for the AAA total score indicated poor real-time intrarater reliability for this variable. When assessed by video-recording, raters registered moderate or greater intrarater agreement on between 6 and 7 occasions. The ICC for total score ranged between 0.60 and 0.93. Overall poor interrater reliability was evident for AAA component movements regardless of whether it was assessed in real-time or from video. Findings suggest the AAA is most reliably used when assessed through video. It is recommended that if comparison between multiple raters is desired, a stringent training process be applied so that the interpretation of AAA scoring criteria is standardized across raters.
CARACTERÍSTICAS ANTROPOMÉTRICAS Y DE POTENCIA MUSCULAR EN FUTBOLISTAS COSTARRICENSES ENTRE LOS 15 Y 20 AÑOS
Authors: Serrano Sanabria Mario Esteban , Mora Poveda Greivin Javier Mora Poveda , Sánchez Ureña Braulio , Gutierrez Vargas Juan Carlos , Méndez Solano Miguel Eduardo
Published: August 2017

El propósito del estudio fue comparar las características antropométricas y las capacidades neuromusculares en futbolistas costarricenses según su posición en el terreno de juego. Se evaluó un total de 84 futbolistas de cinco equipos de la división de alto rendimiento del fútbol costarricense con una edad promedio de 17.8 ± 1.2 años. El porcentaje de grasa se midió mediante siete pliegues cutáneos; la flexibilidad por medio de la prueba de Sit and Reach; la potencia de miembros inferiores mediante los test de Bosco: Squat Jump, Counter Movement Jump e Índice de Fatiga en 30s y se aplicó el test de velocidad en 10 y 25 m. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el peso según la posición de juego (F (3,80)=5.54, p = 0.002): el peso promedio de los porteros es de 76.12 ± 8.92 kg, significativamente mayor que el de los defensas (p = 0.01), volantes (p = 0.03) y delanteros (p=0.001). También se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la variable talla en el contraste entre puestos F(3,80) =6.50, p=0.001: la talla promedio de los porteros es de 1.81 ± 0.05m significativamente mayor en comparación a volantes 1.73 ± 0.5 m (p = 0.003) y delanteros 1.72 ± 0.63m (p = 0.001). En el índice de fatiga se presentaron diferencias significativas. En las demás variables no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Los resultados de este estudio concuerdan con la literatura existente para futbolistas de las mismas categorías. De las comparaciones realizadas entre cada uno de los puestos, en las variables estudiadas no se evidencia la especificidad físico-funcional.
Itinerario geológico de la franja costera entre el Aeropuerto Internacional Simón Bolívar y la Bahía de Taganga, Provincia Geotectónica de Santa Marta
Authors: Säenz-Reyes Julie Andrea , Ríos-Reyes Carlos Alberto , Castellanos-Alarcón Oscar Mauricio
Published: August 2017

El Itinerario Geológico de la franja costera comprendida entre el aeropuerto Internacional “Simón Bolívar” y la Bahía de Taganga, Provincia Geotectónica de Santa Marta, representa un laboratorio geológico natural de gran importancia para el entendimiento de la evolución geológica del margen noroccidental de Sur América. Este trabajo surge como resultado de las investigaciones realizadas por los autores durante varios años y contiene una síntesis actualizada y ampliamente ilustrada del estado de conocimiento de los lugares de interés geológico de esta región, siendo una contribución significativa para la literatura de la geología regional. Por primera vez se presenta un trabajo de tal naturaleza para el ámbito del Macizo Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, en el que se destacan evidencias geológicas de fenómenos que han afectado nuestro planeta. La gran variedad temática de sus afloramientos (de interés estratigráfico, geomorfológico, mineralógico, petrológico, tectónico, etc.), junto a la calidad de exposición, hace que tengan un gran potencial científico y didáctico. Los lugares de interés geológico incluidos en el presente trabajo tienen, además de su valor científico y didáctico, un valor añadido gracias a su atractivo paisajístico. Su singularidad y belleza hace que algunos de estos lugares sean aprovechados como recurso geoturístico.
Construcción de mecanismos focales en el norte de la Cordillera Central colombiana a partir de registros de la Red Sismológica Nacional de Colombia
Authors: Posada Gustavo , Monsalve Gaspar , Abad Ana María
Published: August 2017

La recopilación de formas de onda de sismos entre los años 2009 y 2015, de magnitud local mayor a 4, en las estaciones de la Red Sismológica Nacional de Colombia (RSNC), sobre el cuadrángulo 76°W-74°W y 4°N-8°N (Norte de la Cordillera Central, centrado en el Altiplano Antioqueño), permite realizar la construcción de mecanismos focales evaluando la polaridad de la Onda P al momento en que esta es registrada en los sismogramas. Mediante procesamiento sobre la red Schmidt se obtuvieron 14 mecanismos focales que fueron asignados a fallas regionales, con resultados que muestran dos (2) tendencias principales del régimen de esfuerzo que generó los eventos. Una primera zona entre los 8°N y 7°N bajo un esfuerzo compresional NW-SE, mientras que en la zona sur del área estudiada, entre los 4°N y 6°N, se observan en su mayoría mecanismos focales que corresponden a un régimen transformante.
Maxillofacial trauma in a public hospital in Central Brazil: A retrospective study of 405 patients
Authors: Scartezini Guilherme Romano , Guedes Orlando Aguirre , Alencar Ana Helena Gonçalves de , Estrela Cyntia Rodrigues de Araújo , Estrela Carlos
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate epidemiological aspects of maxillofacial injuries in hospitalized patients.METHODS: The sample was composed of 405 patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Emergency Hospital of Aparecida de Goiânia, Brazil, between 2011 and 2013. The following informations were collected from the patients’ medical records: gender, age, cause of injury, seasonal distribution and type of injury. The statistical treatment analyzed data from frequency distribution and chi-squared test. The level of significance was set at 5% for all analyses.RESULTS: A higher occurrence of maxillofacial injuries was observed in males (72.59%) and with 21-30 years old (26.17%). The main etiologic factors involved were vehicle traffic accidents (30.62%), falls (22.72%) and violence (21.48%). The seasonal distribution showed that most cases occurred in autumn (38.02%), followed by summer (34.07%). The most common injuries were facial fractures (80%), with the nasal bones being the most affected anatomical region (39.75%). Statistically significant associations between etiological factor, gender and age (p<0.005) were observed.CONCLUSION: There was a high number of maxillofacial injuries in males aged less than 30 years old due to vehicle traffic accidents.
Comparative study of adhesive systems applied to different regions of dental substrate
Authors: Camilotti Veridiana , Bosquiroli Virgínia , Dobrovolski Máx , Sinhoretic Mario Alexandre Coelho , Ribeiro Priscilla Busatoa Do Monte , Bertacchinib Lyvia Karla Cerci Ferreira , Mendonça Márcio José
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength (BS) of different self-etching adhesive systems to bovine dentin.METHODS: For this purpose, 50 teeth were flattened with silicon carbide abrasive papers and randomly divided into 5 groups: SB – Single Bond Plus; Group AEO – Adper Easy One; Group ADH – AdheSE; Group ASE – Adper SE Plus and Group Clear – Clear Fill. After adhesive system application, 5 Tygon cylinders (1.8 mm×2 mm) were placed on the vestibular surface of each tooth, filled with resin composite (Filtek Z350) and light activated. Three composite resin cylinders were fabricated for each bovine crown, one being located in the incisal region, one in the middle third and one in the cervical region, totaling 30 composite resin test specimens (TS) for each group. The TS were submitted to the microshear bond strength test in a Universal Test Machine  Kratos), at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min.RESULTS: The BS was calculated and analyzed by ANOVA (one-way) and Tukey’s test (p<0.05). The highest BS values were obtained in Group SB and there were no significant differences between the adhesive systems tested in the middle and cervical thirds. In the fracture type analysis it was found that adhesive failure was dominant for all groups.CONCLUSION: The conventional two-step adhesive system SB presented the highest bond strength mean to bovine dentin for all the regions.
Analysis of reasons for retreatment and extraction of endodontically treated teeth: A transversal study
Authors: Souza Matheus Albino , Haas Mariana Peixoto , Franco Natasha Junges , Lângaro Marina , Barbizam João Vicente Baroni , Figueiredo José Antônio Poli
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE: Was to analyze the reasons related to retreatment and extraction of endodontically treated teeth.METHODS: Data were collected consecutively during a 12-month period from data of patients who had indication for root canal retreatment or extraction of endodontically treated teeth after an initial visit. The patients were scheduled for a new consultation and the need for root canal retreatment or extraction was confirmed by three previously calibrated examiners. After that, a clinical form was completed, including data about the patient and tooth, presence of apical radiolucency, reasons for root canal retreatment or extraction, and the treatment option. The aforementioned variables related to the patients and the teeth were computed and are given as their absolute value and percentage.RESULTS: Inadequate filling was the most frequent reason (40.5%) to perform root canal retreatment; non-surgical root canal retreatment was the most frequent treatment option (95%). Failure or fracture on definitive restoration (prosthetic crown) was the most frequent reason (30%) to perform extraction of endodontically treated teeth; tooth extraction with prosthetic rehabilitation was the most frequent treatment option (78%).CONCLUSION: Inadequate filling and failure or fracture on definitive restoration associated with apical radiolucency should be taken into account during the decision-making process regarding endodontically treated teeth with questionable prognosis.
Sodium ascorbate use in bleached teeth
Authors: Ferreira Robson De Sousa , Nascimento Elanno Pádua Albuquerque do
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE: Tooth bleeching is a routine intervention in dental office, to be effective in removing stains and browning that compromise the aesthetics of smile. Sometimes there is a need of complementing with composite restorations, but for the use of these requires a certain waiting time. Thus, use of antioxidants such as sodium ascorbate increases the bond strength values due to removal of residual oxygen hinder polymerization. This study examined the use of sodium ascorbate as measure to allow for immediate adhesive restorations after bleaching procedures in vital teeth.METHODS: For that, they consulted national and international studies published between 1973 and 2015 available in Scielo, VHL and PubMed platforms.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that sodium ascorbate has clinical relevance, but its use should be performed with caution, necessitating further investigation. The fact that in some studies its application introduced effective can not be attributed to factors inherent in the methodology.
The frequency of wearing protective eyewear and face shield at educational hospital and public service Hospital in Makassar
Authors: Samad Rasmidar , Rawiyah Ummul , Septiany Cisilia
Published: August 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the comparison of frequency of wearing a protective eyewear and face shield at educational hospital and public service hospital in Makassar.Material and Method: This study is a descriptive research. It was conducted in March 2017 at dental hospital Hasanuddin University and at the dental and oral health service center (PPKGM) in Makassar. The subjects of the study are clinical students, dental professionals (resident), and dentist at department of periodontics and conservative at dental hospital Hasanuddin University and PPKGM. This research was done under direct observation on the subject of research. A descriptive analysis was done.Results: Number of operators at dental hospital Hasanuddin University who wore a protective eyewear were as many as 6 operators (5%) and none of the operators wore face shields while working. While in PPKGM the number of operators who wore a protective eyewear were as much as 4 operators (19%) and 11 operators (52%) wore face shields while working.Conclusion: The frequency of wearing protective eyewear and face shields at dental hospital Hasanuddin University is minimal and much lower than in PPKGM.
Bifid mandibular canal: an aberrant anatomic variation
Authors: Kumar Vijay
Published: August 2017

Objective: To review the literature and to present the report of a case with bifid mandibular canal.Methods: A cone-beam computed tomography scan with incidental finding of bifid mandibular canal was studied and presented in different sections.Results: The MC is a bilateral channel in the mandible that gives the passage to the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein. It usually presents as a single canal where a variation in anatomy has been reported. The bifid mandibular canal is such an anatomic variant where it splits into two canals.Conclusion: The role of CBCT scans can be emphasized while performing procedures on posterior mandibular region, as it can provide the vital information regarding anatomical variation to avoid iatrogenic complication.
Marsupialization of radicular cysts on adolescent patients to reduce treatment morbidity: a case report
Authors: Mudjono Henri , Rahajoe Poerwati S. , Hasan Cahya Y.
Published: August 2017

Objective: There are some things that should be considered in treating growing patient with odontogenic cyst. The marsupialization is considered to have more benefits compared to enucleation for growing patient in order to overcome treatment morbidity such as damage to vital structures, heavy loss of bone, jaw growth disturbances, and pathological fracture. This paper reports the success of two cases of marsupialization of odontogenic cysts in order to reduce the treatment morbidity and to discuss about enucleation for young patient.Methods:Two female 21 and 22 years old with radicular cysts on tooth 36. Marsupialization was done before completing cyst enucleation.Results: The shrinkage of the cyst was observed periodically. The position of the wall of the cyst was superficially positioned and the enucleation was done. The treatment result was satisfying with low morbidity.Conclusion:Marsupialization for odontogenic cyst in growing patient has more advantages than enucleation to reduce treatment morbidity.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity and acute toxicity of pomegranate (punica granatum l.) seed ethanolic extracts in swiss webster mice
Authors: Setiadhi Riani , Sufiawati Irna , Zakiawati Dewi , Nur’aeny Nanan , Hidayat Wahyu , Firman Dani R.
Published: August 2017

Objective: To evaluate the safety of a pomegranate seeds ethanolic extract in Swiss Webster mice.Material and Methods: Pomegranate seed’s ethanolic extracts were evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration against streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, using microdilution method through 96-wells microplate. In acute toxicity test, 12 females and 12 males Swiss Webster mice weighing 20–30 grams were divided into four groups, each consisting of 3 females and 3 males. Three groups were orally given of sample with concentrations 0.2% equivalent to 40 mg/kg, 0.4% equivalent to 80 mg/kg, and 0.8% equivalent to 160 mg/kg, while the control group was given distilled water. Observations were made at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, for 24 hours and 7 days.Results: The MIC against Streptococcus sanguis was on 2000 ppm concentration and until 24 hours observation no lethal effect occurred on the mice, but at the 7 days observation in the group of 0.8% per kilogram body weight, the lethal effect occurred at one mice.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of pomegranate seeds has antibacterial effect and no acute systemic toxicity, which can be considered safe on the use as oral topical solution since the toxic dose is greater than 160 mg/kg of body weight.