bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MEASUREMENT FACTOR OF EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ENGINEERING CONSULTING FIRMS
Authors: TSERNG H. Ping , LEE Meng-Hsueh , HSIEH Shang-Hsien , LIU Hsiang-Ling
Published: August 2015

Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) is a fundamental tool in the implementation process of Knowledge Management (KM), which is used to manage knowledge of information technology systems in an organization. However, a well-developed KMS should not only take advantage of information technology function, but also require the development of a complete measurement system for KMS. The purpose of this research is to develop an employee participation framework to describe the cause-effect relationship of KMS. Three case studies were interviewed for building measurement factors of KMS used by engineering consulting firms. Two questionnaires were sent to managers of engineering consulting firms for establishing main factors and sub factors in the measurement system in which four primary objectives were identified as “Activity in forum”, “Statistic of knowledge system”, “Participation of KM activity”, and “Number of documents”. The cause-effect relationship among four objectives was shown by path analysis.
Morphology-Based Diagnosis of Acneiform Eruptions
Authors: McFarland Sarah L. , Polcari Ingrid C.
Published: August 2015

Acne is the most common skin disease. Distinguishing between true acne vulgaris and the various acneiform eruptions is important yet sometimes challenging. Given the common nature of acne and acneiform eruptions, the pediatrician must be aware of these lesion patterns and possess the skills to effectively evaluate the pediatric presentation of these eruptions. This article discusses several of the most common acneiform eruptions, including neonatal acne and cephalic pustulosis, periorificial dermatitis (perioral dermatitis), facial angiofibromas, iatrogenic acneiform drug eruptions, and childhood rosacea.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(8):e188–e193.]
Pro-Con Debate: Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis as a Cause of Chronic Cough in Children
Authors: Bidiwala Aneela , Krilov Leonard R. , Pirzada Melodi , Patel Sameer J.
Published: August 2015

Pro
: Children with chronic cough present a diagnostic challenge. Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a chronic, persistent bacterial infection of conducting airways defined by the presence of cough for longer than 4 weeks that resolves with antimicrobial therapy and without an alternative diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by the findings of increased bronchial secretions and edema of the lower airways on flexible bronchoscopy and positive cultures on bronchoalveolar lavage. It is speculated that an initial respiratory insult such as viral infection disrupts normal surface morphology and ciliary function, which leads to chronic self-perpetuating inflammation with the formation of bacterial biofilms, leading to PBB. PBB is often misdiagnosed as asthma, leading to inappropriate and excessive use of steroids. The importance of timely diagnosis should be emphasized due to the potential that PBB may be a precursor to chronic suppurative lung disease or bronchiectasis if left untreated; however, every patient should be adequately assessed to exclude other causes of chronic cough.

Con
: Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of PBB are nonspecific and may not distinguish it from other known causes of chronic cough, including viral infections. Benefits from antibiotic therapy (particularly prolonged therapy) have not been demonstrated. Respiratory conditions are the most common reason for antibiotic prescriptions during ambulatory visits in the United States, and many of these prescriptions are inappropriate and/or unnecessary. The proposed diagnostic criteria and recommendations for the treatment of PBB will lead to unnecessary overuse of antibiotics.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(8):329–331,334–336.]
Anterior Longitudinal Osteotomy of the Greater Trochanter in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Surace Michele F. , Regazzola Gianmarco M. V. , Vulcano Ettore , Monestier Luca , Cherubino Paolo
Published: August 2015

The extra-articular impingement of the greater trochanter against the ileum is an underrated cause of early dislocation in total hip arthroplasty. In this preliminary study, the authors assess the effectiveness of an anterior longitudinal osteotomy of the greater trochanter for preventing dislocation. A total of 115 patients underwent a total hip arthroplasty through a posterolateral approach. All patients underwent clinical and radiological follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months. No dislocation was reported. All patients demonstrated fast recovery of range of motion and walking. No trochanter fractures were observed. The osteotomy of the greater trochanter is an effective surgical technique that decreases anterior impingement and consequently lowers the dislocation rate in primary total hip arthroplasty. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(8):490–493.]
It Is Real Colouring?
Authors: Di Cesare Dane Marco , Harwood Debra , Rowsell Jennifer
Published: August 2015

Situated in the context of the role digital technology plays in the lives of young children in today's society, this chapter is comprised of four sections examining children's thinking involving digital spaces. First, a succinct overview of current research will be presented, focusing on emergent themes regarding young children navigating digital spaces and their im/material thinking. Following this is an examination of the issues raised from this research. This section highlights disparate access to technology and children's construction of identity in digital spaces. The next section presents the gaps in current research and the final section of this chapter focuses on implications for literacy practice, policy, and research.
New Visual Literacies and Competencies for Education and the Workplace
Authors: Delello Julie A. , McWhorter Rochell R.
Published: August 2015

This chapter examines how new visual literacies allow students to create meaning and develop competencies needed for the 21st century. Today's generation is continually exposed to visual and digital media. Through empirical work, this chapter highlights how emerging visual technologies such as big data, infographics, digital badges, electronic portfolios (ePortfolios), visual social media, and augmented reality are facilitating the development of technology-related skills required for students in academics and in the workforce. Each visual technology platform will be examined for their usefulness in promoting engagement, subject-matter knowledge, and collaborative learning outside the traditional classroom approach.
Digital Media Affecting Society
Authors: Cottrell Terry
Published: August 2015

The proliferation of the use of digital media for learning and instruction continues to be investigated and pondered as the advance of a broad range of technologies eclipses currently available traditional text and face-to-face learning modalities for K-12 and higher education instruction. Digital media's affect on educational processes and delivery, an analysis of existing research reviewing whether digital media is benefitting educational outcomes in instruction and learning, and recommendations for the future are the primary goals of this chapter. Investigation into each of the aforementioned topics separately reveals an intersection that is far from being maturely assessed. The topic of digital media affecting how people learn will elicit further research as education continues to call for an increased focus on high outcomes while also increasing the adoption of digital media resources for the transmission and acquisition of knowledge.
Video Game Making and Modding
Authors: Gee Elisabeth R. , Tran Kelly M.
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of current literature on video game making and modding (modification). The chapter describes key game making tools and educational programs that incorporate game making, to promote student outcomes ranging from media literacy to the development of computational thinking and greater interest in computer science. This is followed by a discussion of empirical literature on game making and modding as fan practices, and an overview of new game making tools and communities that are blurring the lines between educational, professional, and fan-driven game making practices. Lastly, the chapter addresses key issues, directions for future research, and recommendations for policy and practice.
Diversification and Nuanced Inequities in Digital Media Use in the United States
Authors: Rubinstein-Avila Eliane , Sartori Aurora
Published: August 2015

This chapter explores access to, and engagement with, digital media by United States' (U.S.) by nonmainstream populations. Framing the issue from a sociotechnical standpoint, the authors explore how engagement with digital media is shaped by socioeconomic status (taking into account confounding factors, such as race and ethnicity, and social and geographical ecologies). The authors highlight studies that focus on the robust digital practices with which nonmainstream populations already engage, and to which they contribute. One example is how some black Twitter users engage in signifyin'–a culturally specific linguistic practice—as a means of performing racial identity online. The authors also problematize concepts such as the new digital divide and digital exclusion, and finally, reiterate that a universal roll-out of high speed broadband alone will not necessarily lead to further engagement with digital media for ALL populations. In fact, the authors claim that providing more or faster access is likely not enough to prevent the entrenchment of a global digital underclass.
Geology of the New Quebec Crater
Authors: Currie K L
Published: August 2015

The New Quebec Crater is a circular depression in the acid Archaean gneisses of northern Quebec, about 2 miles in diameter and 1,300 feet deep. The regional structure is a complex series of north-trending isoclinal folds cut by four systems of faults. The
elevated crater rim shows deflection of curviplanar structure elements, demonstrating that a dome previously existed over the crater. Significant hydrothermal alteration occurs in the wall of the crater but not elsewhere in the region. There is no evidence that the shape of the crater has been
substantially modified by erosion. No evidence of meteorite impact or of catastrophic violent origin was found. The evidence is quantitatively consistent with an origin by collapse of a fluid-supported dome. Time of origin of the crater is thought to be late Pleistocene
The Permian ammonoids of Arctic Canada
Authors: Nassichuk W W , Furnish W M , Glenister B F
Published: August 2015

America. The present study comprises the description of all specimens secured from Arctic Canada and Alaska; additionally, the two species recorded previously from Greenland are redescribed partly on the basis of a new collection. Cyclolobus kullingi (Frebold)
and Medlicottia malmqvisti (Frebold) occur in the uppermost Permian (Dzhulfian) "Martinia-beds" of central East Greenland. In the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Paragastrioceras n. sp. is recorded from a Lower Permian formation on northern Ellesmere Island; Neoshumardites cf. N. sakmarae (Ruzhencev),
Paragastrioceras a.ff. P. jossae (de Verneuil) , Uraloceras involutum (Voinova), Uraloceras burtiense (Voinova), and Metalegoceras crenatum n. sp. are associated in the Lower Permian Assistance Formation of southern Ellesmere Island. The type Assistance Formation of Devon Island contains
Pseudogastrioceras fortieri Harker and Spirolegoceras harkeri Ruzhencev, forms which are referred to the uppermost Lower Permian but are considered as younger than the ammonoid fauna of the Assistance Formation on Ellesmere Island. The Upper Permian (Guadalupian) of Cameron Island has yielded a
single ammonoid, the type of Neogeoceras macnairi n. sp. Unnamed Lower Permian sequences in the Richardson Mountains of the northern Yukon Territory and adjacent areas of Alaska are the source of ammonoids referable to Eoasianites sp., Metalegoceras crenatum n. sp., and Neouddenites caurus n. sp.
Neogeoceras sp. occurs in an unnamed Upper Permian stratum of the Richardson Mountains in the northwestern District of Mackenzie. Poorly preserved specimens from the Sadlerochit Formation of northern Alaska are referred doubtfully to Pseudogastrioceras; they are of probable Upper Permian
(Guadalupian) age. Syrdenites stoyanowi n. gen., n. sp., a medlicottiin related to the representative from Greenland, is named for a form from the Upper Permian (Dzhulfian) of Soviet Armenia. The Permian ammonoids of Arctic North America constitute an element of the "Boreal Realm". Affinities are
with faunas from the Ural Mountains, Siberia, and Australia.
Contributions to Canadian Paleontology
Authors: Rafuse M
Published: August 2015

Two new species and four species of Mo11ograptus previously unknown in North America are described from Pfidolian and Early Devonian strata in Yukon and southwest District of Mackenzie. They are Mo11ograptus te/leri n . sp., M. 11orfordi n . sp., M. hercy11 icus
Perner, M. thomasi Jaeger, M. transgrediens praecipuus Pribyl, and M . cf . M. uniformis Pfibyl. Also M. yukonensis Jackson and Lenz is redescribed. Recognition of these species permits the documentation of the zones of M. transgrediens, M. uniformis, and M. hercynicus for the first time in
northwestern Canada.
Current Research Part F, National and General Programs
Authors:   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: August 2015

The IBM-compatible microcomputer workstation, in use at the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) for potential field interpretation and supported by published GSC software, has proved popular both within and outs ide the GSC. In response to suggestions from us ers,
features have been modified and added to improve the utility of the software. Colour hard copies of images and models can now be generated and profile data for modelling can be interactive/y extracted from images. New utility programs are included with the modelling pro gram which allow calculation
of the magnetic field inclination and declination values from geographic co-ordinates, and plotting of scaled profile data.
Origins and timing of basal Windsor carbonate breccias, Nova Scotia
Authors: Lavoie D , Sangster D F
Published: August 2015

Carbonate breccias occur at the base of the Windsor Group and are commonly associated with Pb-Zn mineralization. Three types of breccias are recognized; one synsedimentary and two late (post-burial) ones. The latter comprise tectonic and karstic breccias. The
synsedimentary breccia occurs in the Macumber Formation and in the so-called Pembroke siderite (Walton area); sedimentological and diagenetic elements point to an early rotational slide formation on a deep-water slope. The late tectonic breccia occurs at the very top of the Macumber and was formed
through hydraulic fracturing following significant burial and hydrocarbon migration. Finally, the informal Pembroke (sensu stricto) designation is restricted to an irregularly distributed late karstic breccia. Because the synsedimentary and tectonic breccias are pre-ore and could have played a role
in localizing mineral deposition whereas the karstic breccia is post-ore, criteria for distinguishing the breccias should be helpful for metallogenic studies of the Carboniferous Magdalen Basin.
Bilateral upper limb amputations in victims of high tension electrical injuries: Three case studies
Authors: Nwadinigwe Cajetan , Olewe Obidiche S.
Published: August 2015

Bilateral upper limb amputations result in severe disability. High voltage electrical injury is a rare cause of such an outcome and injuries often occur as occupational hazards. We present three case reports of accidental high voltage injuries that occurred in a non-occupational setting. Victims were all initially managed at other centres before referral to our hospital and all subsequently had bilateral upper limb amputations. The high cost of treatment, importance of prevention, and need for rehabilitation are highlighted.
Yahweh’s ‘lord’ and Unrestrained Evil: An Exegesis of Psalm 110
Authors: Persaud Aran J.E.
Published: August 2015

This article consists of an exegetical investigation of Psalm 110 and assumes that the psalms function in one sense as prayers, which can be prayed authentically by modern worshippers. Consequently, the specific images of hostile acts of war present a challenge as prayer. The methodology involves the investigation of the text from a grammatico-historical perspective by using selected sources from the 19th century to the present. The meaning of the violent images of enmity and the defining characteristics of the enemy are determined through understanding the perceived suffering of the psalmist. Special attention is given to the role of the phrase םֻאְנָּהוהְי, the identification of יִֹנדַאל and defining the enemy. The conclusions of the exegesis support a more traditional interpretation of יִֹנדַאל and characterise the recalcitrant enemies in an eschatological framework.Jahwe se ‘heer’ en onbeteuelde boosheid: ’n Eksegese van Psalm 110. Hierdie artikel is ’n eksegetiese ondersoek van Psalm 110 en gaan van die veronderstelling uit dat die psalms in ’n sekere sin gebede is wat deur moderne gelowiges gebid kan word. Die spesifieke uitbeeldings van vyandige oorlogsdade stel egter ’n uitdaging aan dié gebed. Die metodologie behels die ondersoek van die teks vanuit ’n grammaties-historiese perspektief deur uitgesoekte bronne vanaf die negentiende eeu tot tans te gebruik. Die betekenis van die geweldadige uitbeelding van vyandigheid en die omskrywende karaktertrekke van die vyand word bepaal deur die verstaan van die waarneembare lyding van die psalmskrywer. Daar word besondere aandag gegee aan die rol van die frase ָהוְהיּםֻאְנ, die eiening van יִֹנדַאל en die omskrywing van die vyand. Die slotsom van die eksegesis ondersteun ’n meer tradisionele interpretasie van יִֹנדַאל en tipeer die onversetlike vyand in ’n eskatalogiese raamwerk.
Geweld en geweldloosheid in Openbaring
Authors: De Villiers Pieter G.R.
Published: August 2015

Hierdie artikel ondersoek die algemeen aanvaarde interpretasie van Openbaring as ’n boek met ’n nie-gewelddadige boodskap wat sy lesers oproep om nie wraak te neem teen hulle vyande en vervolgers nie. In die eerste afdeling van die artikel word sommige van die belangrikste redes vir hierdie interpretasie ondersoek. Daarna word bespreek hoe die diepsinnige niegewelddadige boodskap met gewelddadige taal en inhoude gekombineer en aangebied word. Eerstens word dus aandag gegee aan die oproep tot die lesers om nie geweld te beoefen nie, aan die lewering van getuienis, aan die vergeesteliking van die oorlogstaal en aan goddelike geweld. Daarna ondersoek die artikel in meer diepte hoe die geweldlose boodskap van die boek ingebed is en gekarakteriseer word deur geweldstaal, hoe die skynbaar positiewe uitbeelding van vroue met gender-geweld deurspek is en hoe uitermatig gewelddadig die goddelike oordeel is. Die artikel eindig met kort hermeneutiese opmerkings oor hoe die gewelddadige aspekte van Openbaring se geweldlose boodskap benader kan word.Violence and non-violence in Revelation. This article questions the widely accepted interpretation of the Revelation of John in the New Testament as a book with a non-violent message that calls on its readers to refrain from vengeance. First of all, after a discussion of some good reasons for this interpretation, the article subsequently points out how the profound non-violence of the message is combined with and presented in violent language. Attention is therefore paid to Revelation’s message to its readers to refrain from violence, to its call to witness, its spiritualising of war-like language and its focus on divine judgement. The article then investigates in more depth how the non-violent message of the book is embedded in and characterised by violent language, how its seemingly positive portrayal of women is infact permeated by gender violence and how it portrays a divine violence that has an extremely violent nature. The article concludes with brief hermeneutical remarks that reflect on how the violent dimensions of Revelation’s non-violence can be interpreted.
FREACSIM - A Framework for Creating and Simulating Real-Time Capable Network on Chip Systems and Applications
Authors: Schönwetter Dominik , Veldema Ronald , Fey Dietmar
Published: August 2015

This paper presents the new Framework for Real-time capable Embedded system and ArChitecture SIMulation (FREACSIM), a highly configurable full-system simulation environment enabling and easing the modeling, simulation and verification of Network on Chip architectures for hard real-time systems. The framework is mostly geared towards software developers, supporting them in the simulation of NoCs at an instruction accurate level and offers a broad variety of real-world hardware components as part of the integrated virtualization toolbox.FREACSIM provides a software-based routing strategy between nodes, with a single node consisting of a processor and required peripherals for enabling real-time capability. This allows a flexible and independent comparison of currently implemented hardware strategies, as well as an easy adaption to better suit new hardware needs. The software-based routing, as well as distributed applications that can be implemented for the NoC hardware design, are able to use the real-time operating system eCos, which is part of our framework. As a result, real-time capable software can be implemented for, and tested on, complex NoC systems.We demonstrate the flexibility and the benefits of our framework with a set of applications (use cases), which cover typical heavy and light load distributions between communication and computation.
SysML based Design for Variability enabling the Reusability of Legacy Systems towards the support of Diverse Standard Compliant Implementations or Standard Updates: The Case of IEEE-802.15.6 Standard for e-Health Applications
Authors: Meacham Sofia , Gioulekas Fotios , Phalp Keith
Published: August 2015

The aim of this paper is to provide a consistent development path enabling the re-usability of in house legacy systems or architectures towards their re-design, in order to ensure compliance with evolving standards, by using the new features of SysML for modelling variants. Modern standards evolve quickly, include advanced functionalities and operations and support diverse implementations. System industries need to cope with such standards changes by modifying their current technologies. This paper shows how a novel engineering process (SysML modelling) could be employed to define consistently the specification and the migration procedure of legacy systems to their variants. Within this work SysML characteristics such as package and block diagrams, are employed, with an emphasis on variability modelling, as a basis for standard compliant architecture implementation, thus providing design flexibility and reusability at several abstraction levels. As an illustration of our proposed method we present models of two variant Physical Layer structures for IEEE-802.15.6 Standard for e-Health Applications. The advanced SysML features are used to target the re-usability of a legacy Narrow-Band (NB) physical layer subsystem for the Wireless Body Area Network standard and to implement the alternative Ultra-Wide Band (UWB). Therefore, we contend that such methods bring potential benefits to those needing to ensure compliance when producing product variants.
Complex Coronary Interventions with the Novel Mozec™CTO Balloon: The MOZART Registry
Authors: Lupi Alessandro , Rognoni Andrea , Schaffer Alon , Secco Gioel G. , Bongo Angelo S.
Published: August 2015

Background

Mozec™CTO is a novel semicompliant rapid-exchange PTCA balloon catheter with specific features dedicated to treat complex coronary lesions like chronic total occlusions (CTOs). However, no data have been reported about the performance of this device in an all-comers population with complex coronary lesions.

Methods

We evaluated the safety and success rate of Mozec™CTO balloon in 41 consecutive patients with chronic stable angina and complex coronary lesions (15 severe calcified coronary stenoses, 15 bifurcation lesions with planned two-stent intervention, and 11 CTOs). Safety was assessed reporting the balloon burst rate after inflation exceeding the rated burst pressure (RBP) according to the manufacturer's reference table. Success was defined as the possibility to advance the device further the target lesion.

Results

The Mozec™CTO balloon showed an excellent performance with a 93.3% success in crossing tight and severely calcified lesions (14/15 pts), a 93.3% success in engaging jailed side branches after stent deployment across bifurcations (14/15 pts), and a 90.9% success in crossing CTO lesions (10/11 pts). The burst rate at RBP of the Mozec™CTO balloon was 6.7% (1/15 balloons) in the tight and severely calcified lesions, 6.7% (1/15 balloons) when dilating jailed vessels, and 9.1% (1/11 balloons) in CTOs.

Conclusions

The novel Mozec™CTO balloon dilatation catheter showed promising results when employed to treat complex lesions in an all-comers population. Further studies should clarify if this kind of balloon might reduce the need of more costly devices like over-the-wire balloons and microcatheters for complex lesions treatment.
Urban stress-induced biogenic VOC emissions impact secondary aerosol formation in Beijing
Authors: Ghirardo A. , Xie J. , Zheng X. , Wang Y. , Grote R. , Block K. , Wildt J. , Mentel T. , Kiendler-Scharr A. , Hallquist M. , Butterbach-Bahl K. , Schnitzler J.-P.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Trees can significantly impact the urban air chemistry by the uptake and emission of reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which are involved in ozone and particle formation. Here we present the emission potentials of "constitutive" (cBVOCs) and "stress-induced" BVOCs (sBVOCs) from the dominant broadleaf woody plant species in the megacity of Beijing. Based on an inventory of BVOC emissions and the tree census, we assessed the potential impact of BVOCs on secondary particulate matter formation in 2005 and 2010, i.e., before and after realizing the large tree-planting program for the 2008 Olympic Games. We found that sBVOCs, such as fatty acid derivatives, benzenoids and sesquiterpenes, constituted a significant fraction (∼ 15 %) of the total annual BVOC emissions, and we estimated that the overall annual BVOC budget may have doubled from ∼ 3.6 × 109 g C year-1 in 2005 to ∼ 7.1 × 109 g C year-1 in 2010 due to the increase in urban greens, while at the same time, the emission of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) could be lowered by 24 %. Based on our BVOC emission assessment, we estimated the biological impact on SOA mass formation in Beijing. Compared to AVOCs, the contribution of biogenic precursors (2–5 %) for secondary particulate matter in Beijing was low. However, sBVOCs can significantly contribute (∼ 40 %) to the formation of total secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from biogenic sources; apparently, their annual emission increased from 1.05 μg m-3 in 2005 to 2.05 μg m-3 in 2010. This study demonstrates that biogenic and, in particular, sBVOC emissions contribute to SOA formation in megacities. However, the main problems regarding air quality in Beijing still originate from anthropogenic activities. Nevertheless, the present survey suggests that in urban plantation programs, the selection of plant species with low cBVOC and sBVOC emission potentials have some possible beneficial effects on urban air quality.
Probing ice-nucleation processes on the molecular level using second harmonic generation spectroscopy
Authors: Abdelmonem A. , Lützenkirchen J. , Leisner T.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. We present and characterize a novel setup to apply second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy in total internal reflection geometry (TIR) to heterogeneous freezing research. It allows to monitor the evolution of water structuring at solid surfaces at low temperatures prior to heterogeneous ice nucleation. Apart from the possibility of investigating temperature dependence, a major novelty in our setup is the ability of measuring sheet-like samples in TIR geometry in a direct way. As a main experimental result, we find that our method can discriminate between good and poor ice nucleating surfaces. While at the sapphire basal plane, which is known to be a poor ice nucleator, no structural rearrangement of the water molecules is found prior to freezing, the basal plane surface of mica, an analogue to ice active mineral dust surfaces, exhibits a strong change in the nonlinear optical properties at temperatures well above the freezing transition. This is interpreted as a pre-activation, i.e. an increase in the local ordering of the interfacial water which is expected to facilitate the crystallization of ice at the surface. The results are in line with recent predictions by molecular dynamics simulations on a similar system.
The development and evaluation of airborne in situ N2O and CH4 sampling using a Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectrometer (QCLAS)
Authors: Pitt J. R. , Le Breton M. , Allen G. , Percival C. J. , Gallagher M. W. , Bauguitte S. J.-B. , O'Shea S. J. , A. Muller J. B. , Zahniser M. S. , Pyle J. , Palmer P. I.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric N2O and CH4 mole fractions were made on board the FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) large Atmospheric Research Aircraft. We present details of the mid-IR Aerodyne Research Inc. Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectrometer (QCLAS) employed, including its configuration for airborne sampling, and evaluate its performance over 17 flights conducted during summer 2014. Two different methods of correcting for the influence of water vapour on the spectroscopic retrievals are compared and evaluated. A new in-flight calibration procedure to account for the observed sensitivity of the instrument to ambient pressure changes is described, and its impact on instrument performance is assessed. Test flight data linking this sensitivity to changes in cabin pressure is presented. Total 1σ uncertainties of 1.81 ppb for CH4 and 0.35 ppb for N2O are derived. We report a mean difference in 1 Hz CH4 mole fraction of 2.05 ppb (1σ = 5.85 ppb) between in-flight measurements made using the QCLAS and simultaneous measurements using a previously characterised Los Gatos Research Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyser (FGGA). Finally, a potential case study for the estimation of a regional N2O flux using a mass balance technique is identified, and the method for calculating such an estimate is outlined.
Data-based estimates of the ocean carbon sink variability – first results of the Surface Ocean pCO2 Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM)
Authors: Rödenbeck C. , Bakker D. C. E. , Gruber N. , Iida Y. , Jacobson A. R. , Jones S. , Landschützer P. , Metzl N. , Nakaoka S. , Olsen A. , Park G.-H. , Peylin P. , Rodgers K. B. , Sasse T. P. , Schuster U. , Shutler J. D. , Valsala V. , Wanninkhof R. , Zeng J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Using measurements of the surface-ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and 14 different pCO2 mapping methods recently collated by the Surface Ocean pCO2 Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM) initiative, variations in regional and global sea–air CO2 fluxes have been investigated. Though the available mapping methods use widely different approaches, we find relatively consistent estimates of regional pCO2 seasonality, in line with previous estimates. In terms of interannual variability (IAV), all mapping methods estimate the largest variations to occur in the Eastern equatorial Pacific. Despite considerable spead in the detailed variations, mapping methods with closer match to the data also tend to be more consistent with each other. Encouragingly, this includes mapping methods belonging to complementary types – taking variability either directly from the pCO2 data or indirectly from driver data via regression. From a weighted ensemble average, we find an IAV amplitude of the global sea–air CO2 flux of 0.31 PgC yr−1 (standard deviation over 1992–2009), which is larger than simulated by biogeochemical process models. On a decadal perspective, the global CO2 uptake is estimated to have gradually increased since about 2000, with little decadal change prior to 2000. The weighted mean total ocean CO2 sink estimated by the SOCOM ensemble is consistent within uncertainties with estimates from ocean-interior carbon data or atmospheric oxygen trends.
Laurentide Ice Sheet basal temperatures at the Last Glacial Cycle as inferred from borehole data
Authors: Pickler C. , Beltrami H. , Mareschal J.-C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Thirteen temperature-depth profiles (≥ 1500 m) measured in boreholes in eastern and central Canada were inverted to determine the ground surface temperature histories during and after the last glacial cycle. The sites are located in the southern part of the region covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The inversions yield ground surface temperatures ranging from −1.4 to 3.0 °C throughout the last glacial cycle. These temperatures, near the pressure melting point of ice, allowed basal flow and fast flowing ice streams at the base of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Despite such conditions, which have been inferred from geomorphological data, the ice sheet persisted throughout the last glacial cycle. Our results suggest some regional trends in basal temperatures with possible control by internal heat flow.
Palaeoclimatic oscillations in the Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) of the Asturian Basin (Northern Spain)
Authors: Gómez J. J. , Comas-Rengifo M. J. , Goy A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. One of the main controversial items in palaeoclimatology is to elucidate if climate during the Jurassic was warmer than present day, with no ice caps, or if ice caps were present in some specific intervals. The Pliensbachian Cooling event (Lower Jurassic) has been pointed out as one of the main candidates to have developed ice caps on the poles. To constrain the timing of this cooling event, including the palaeoclimatic evolution before and after cooling, as well as the calculation of the seawater palaeotemperatures are of primary importance to find arguments on this subject. For this purpose, the Rodiles section of the Asturian Basin (Northern Spain), a well exposed succession of the uppermost Sinemurian, Pliensbachian and Lower Toarcian deposits, has been studied. A total of 562 beds were measured and sampled for ammonites, for biostratigraphical purposes and for belemnites, to determine the palaeoclimatic evolution through stable isotope studies. Comparison of the recorded uppermost Sinemurian, Pliensbachian and Lower Toarcian changes in seawater palaeotemperature with other European sections allows characterization of several climatic changes of probable global extent. A warming interval which partly coincides with a negative δ13Cbel excursion was recorded at the Upper Sinemurian. After a "normal" temperature interval, a new warming interval that contains a short lived positive δ13Cbel peak, was developed at the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian transition. The Upper Pliensbachian represents an outstanding cooling interval containing a positive δ13Cbel excursion interrupted by a small negative δ13Cbel peak. Finally, the Lower Toarcian represented an exceptional warming period pointed as the main responsible for the prominent Lower Toarcian mass extinction.
Divergent predictions of carbon storage between two global land models: attribution of the causes through traceability analysis
Authors: Rafique R. , Xia J. , Hararuk O. , Asrar G. , Wang Y. , Luo Y.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Representations of the terrestrial carbon cycle in land models are becoming increasingly complex. It is crucial to develop approaches for critical assessment of the complex model properties in order to understand key factors contributing to models' performance. In this study, we applied a traceability analysis, which decomposes carbon cycle models into traceable components, to two global land models (CABLE and CLM-CASA') to diagnose the causes of their differences in simulating ecosystem carbon storage capacity. Driven with similar forcing data, the CLM-CASA' model predicted ~ 31 % larger carbon storage capacity than the CABLE model. Since ecosystem carbon storage capacity is a product of net primary productivity (NPP) and ecosystem residence time (τE), the predicted difference in the storage capacity between the two models results from differences in either NPP or τE or both. Our analysis showed that CLM-CASA' simulated 37 % higher NPP than CABLE due to higher rates of carboxylation (Vcmax) in CLM-CASA'. On the other hand, τE, which was a function the baseline carbon residence time (τ'E) and environmental effect on carbon residence time, was on average 11 years longer in CABLE than CLM-CASA'. The difference in τE was mainly found to be caused by longer τ'E in CABLE than CLM-CASA'. This difference in τE was mainly caused by longer τ'E of woody biomass (23 vs. 14 years in CLM-CASA') and higher proportion of NPP allocated to woody biomass (23 vs. 16 %). Differences in environmental effects on carbon residence times had smaller influences on differences in ecosystem carbon storage capacities compared to differences in NPP and τ'E. Overall; the traceability analysis is an effective method for identifying sources of variations between the two models.
The Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model: a parsimonious, satellite-data-driven model of high-latitude CO2 exchange
Authors: Luus K. A. , Lin J. C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. We introduce the Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (PolarVPRM), a remote-sensing-based approach for generating accurate, high-resolution (≥ 1 km2, 3 hourly) estimates of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). PolarVPRM simulates NEE using polar-specific vegetation classes, and by representing high-latitude influences on NEE, such as the influence of soil temperature on subnivean respiration. We present a description, validation and error analysis (first-order Taylor expansion) of PolarVPRM, followed by an examination of per-pixel trends (2001–2012) in model output for the North American terrestrial region north of 55° N. PolarVPRM was validated against eddy covariance (EC) observations from nine North American sites, of which three were used in model calibration. Comparisons of EC NEE to NEE from three models indicated that PolarVPRM displayed similar or better statistical agreement with eddy covariance observations than existing models showed. Trend analysis (2001–2012) indicated that warming air temperatures and drought stress in forests increased growing season rates of respiration, and decreased rates of net carbon uptake by vegetation when air temperatures exceeded optimal temperatures for photosynthesis. Concurrent increases in growing season length at Arctic tundra sites allowed for increases in photosynthetic uptake over time by tundra vegetation. PolarVPRM estimated that the North American high-latitude region changed from a carbon source (2001–2004) to a carbon sink (2005–2010) to again a source (2011–2012) in response to changing environmental conditions.
Lagrangian advection scheme with shape matrix (LASM) v0.2: interparcel mixing, physics–dynamics coupling and 3-D extension
Authors: Dong L. , Wang B. , Liu L. , Huang Y.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The interparcel mixing algorithm in the Lagrangian advection scheme with shape matrix (LASM) is updated to make the scheme more robust. The linear degeneration criterion is replaced by the maximum deviation of the skeleton points so that the new algorithm is more effective in controlling the shape of parcels, which is vital for long time simulation. LASM is inherently shape-preserving without any complicated filter or limiter, and it is linear. This fact contributes to the ability to preserve the sum of multiple tracers exactly on the parcels in LASM. A newly proposed terminator "toy"-chemistry test is used to test LASM, which shows that LASM can preserve the weighted sum of two reactive species precisely. The physics–dynamics coupling (i.e., tendency evaluation type) is also discussed. A flow generated by a WRF large-eddy simulation is also used to test the 3-D extension of LASM.
Improving real-time inflow forecasting into hydropower reservoirs through a complementary modelling framework
Authors: Gragne A. S. , Sharma A. , Mehrotra R. , Alfredsen K.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Accuracy of reservoir inflow forecasts is instrumental for maximizing the value of water resources and benefits gained through hydropower generation. Improving hourly reservoir inflow forecasts over a 24 h lead time is considered within the day-ahead (Elspot) market of the Nordic exchange market. A complementary modelling framework presents an approach for improving real-time forecasting without needing to modify the pre-existing forecasting model, but instead formulating an independent additive or complementary model that captures the structure the existing operational model may be missing. We present here the application of this principle for issuing improved hourly inflow forecasts into hydropower reservoirs over extended lead times, and the parameter estimation procedure reformulated to deal with bias, persistence and heteroscedasticity. The procedure presented comprises an error model added on top of an unalterable constant parameter conceptual model. This procedure is applied in the 207 km2 Krinsvatn catchment in central Norway. The structure of the error model is established based on attributes of the residual time series from the conceptual model. Besides improving forecast skills of operational models, the approach estimates the uncertainty in the complementary model structure and produces probabilistic inflow forecasts that entrain suitable information for reducing uncertainty in the decision-making processes in hydropower systems operation. Deterministic and probabilistic evaluations revealed an overall significant improvement in forecast accuracy for lead times up to 17 h. Evaluation of the percentage of observations bracketed in the forecasted 95 % confidence interval indicated that the degree of success in containing 95 % of the observations varies across seasons and hydrologic years.
ROBUST AERIAL OBJECT TRACKING IN HIGH DYNAMIC FLIGHT MANEUVERS
Authors: Nussberger A. , Grabner H. , van Gool L.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Integrating drones into the civil airspace is one of the biggest challenges for civil aviation, responsible authorities and involved com- panies around the world in the upcoming years. For a full integration into non-segregated airspace such a system has to provide the capability to automatically detect and avoid other airspace users. Electro-optical cameras have proven to be an adequate sensor to detect all types of aerial objects, especially for smaller ones such as gliders or paragliders. Robust detection and tracking of approaching traffic on a potential collision course is the key component for a successful avoidance maneuver. In this paper we focus on the aerial object tracking during dynamic flight maneuvers of the own-ship where accurate attitude information corresponding to the camera images is essential. Because the ’detect and avoid’ functionality typically extends existing autopilot systems the received attitude measurements have unknown delays and dynamics. We present an efficient method to calculate the angular rates from a multi camera rig which we fuse with the delayed attitude measurements. This allows for estimating accurate absolute attitude angles for every camera frame. The proposed method is further integrated into an aerial object tracking framework. A detailed evaluation of the pipeline on real collision encounter scenarios shows that the multi camera rig based attitude estimation enables the correct tracking of approaching traffic during dynamic flight, at which the tracking framework previously failed.
ACCURACY ASSESSMENT IN STRUCTURE FROM MOTION 3D RECONSTRUCTION FROM UAV-BORN IMAGES: THE INFLUENCE OF THE DATA PROCESSING METHODS
Authors: Caroti G. , Martínez-Espejo Zaragoza I. , Piemonte A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The evolution of Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques and their integration with the established procedures of classic stereoscopic photogrammetric survey have provided a very effective tool for the production of three-dimensional textured models. Such models are not only aesthetically pleasing but can also contain metric information, the quality of which depends on both survey type and applied processing methodologies. An open research topic in this area refers to checking attainable accuracy levels. The knowledge of such accuracy is essential, especially in the integration of models obtained through SfM with other models derived from different sensors or methods (laser scanning, classic photogrammetry ...). Accuracy checks may be conducted by either comparing SfM models against a reference one or measuring the deviation of control points identified on models and measured with classic topographic instrumentation and methodologies. This paper presents an analysis of attainable accuracy levels, according to different approaches of survey and data processing. For this purpose, a survey of the Church of San Miniato in Marcianella (Pisa, Italy), has been used. The dataset is an integration of laser scanning with terrestrial and UAV-borne photogrammetric surveys; in addition, a high precision topographic network was established for the specific purpose. In particular, laser scanning has been used for the interior and the exterior of the church, with the exclusion of the roof, while UAVs have been used for the photogrammetric survey of both roof, with horizontal strips, and façade, with vertical strips.
PORTABLE IMAGERY QUALITY ASSESSMENT TEST FIELD FOR UAV SENSORS
Authors: Dąbrowski R. , Jenerowicz A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Nowadays the imagery data acquired from UAV sensors are the main source of all data used in various remote sensing applications, photogrammetry projects and in imagery intelligence (IMINT) as well as in other tasks as decision support. Therefore quality assessment of such imagery is an important task. The research team from Military University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Geodesy Institute, Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry has designed and prepared special test field- The Portable Imagery Quality Assessment Test Field (PIQuAT) that provides quality assessment in field conditions of images obtained with sensors mounted on UAVs. The PIQuAT consists of 6 individual segments, when combined allow for determine radiometric, spectral and spatial resolution of images acquired from UAVs. All segments of the PIQuAT can be used together in various configurations or independently. All elements of The Portable Imagery Quality Assessment Test Field were tested in laboratory conditions in terms of their radiometry and spectral reflectance characteristics.