bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does curricular tracking explain global SES gaps? an international comparison of the SES achievement gaps from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Cimentada Jorge
Published: July 2018

The literature on achievement inequality has recently started to focus on the dynamics of the socio-economic achievement gap in cognitive abilities. The main findings come from research in the U.S. revealing that the 90th/10th income achievement gap has widened by about 50% in the last 30 years. This chapter aims to investigate whether there are discernible patterns in the evolution of the achievement gap from a comparative perspective. Using over 15 years of data and 32 countries from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), I find that there is considerable variation in the way in which the gap is evolving, with the U.S. and Germany closing at about 50% and 30% in the last 15 years while France is widening at a similar rate. I find that curricular tracking and vocational enrollment explain 40% of the variance in the achievement gap between countries and show that the relationship is conditioned by a strong interaction. Low curricular tracking is associated with a small achievement gap, whereas high levels of curricular tracking is associated with wide achievement gaps. However, once tracking is coupled with high vocational enrollment this can remedy the potential adverse effects and reduce the gap by over 1 standard deviation. I use simulations to show that switching to less curricular tracking can help decrease a country’s SES gap by about 11% while switching to more tracking would increase the achievement gap by about 51% percent.
Ever closer or lost at sea? Scenarios for the future of transatlantic relations
Authors: Kaufmann Sonja , Lohaus Mathis
Published: July 2018

Five key drivers will shape the future of transatlantic relations in the next decade. Generally, the extent of shared liberal culture and European collective action capacity are crucial for cooperation between the EU and US. Additionally, it matters whether policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic agree on a conception of global order, on how to handle future technologies, and on the use of military force. Building on these drivers we develop and discuss four scenarios. The first describes a world of selective cooperation as the EU disintegrates. In the second, the US withdraws from the global stage and Europeans are forced to assume a leadership position. The third depicts negative consequences from populist nationalism, reducing transatlantic cooperation to military action against perceived Islamist threats. In the fourth scenario we focus on future technology that threatens to overwhelm transatlantic regulatory capacity.
Jordanian Female Ninth-Grade Students' Attitudes towards Using Questioning Strategies in Critical Reading
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Alshabatat Maysa'a Issa
Published: July 2018

Students’ attitudes towards questioning strategies play an important role for its implementation success or failure. This study aims to investigate the students’ attitudes towards questioning strategies of critical reading skills among Jordanian female ninth-grade students in Al Qaser Directorate of Education. A semi-structured interview instrument was used to assess students’ attitudes. Data were collected from students at three public schools located in Qaser, Karak, Jordan. A total of 85 students participated in this present study. The sample which includes interviewees was 15 students. Overall, students showed favorable attitudes towards questioning strategies. However, some students faced some challenges by using these strategies e.g. self- questioning strategy. In light of these results, several recommendations were suggested to the Ministry of Education, English teachers and other researchers. The researcher also suggested that further research should be carried out on other school levels for boys and girls in order to support or refute the results of this study.
Occupy Online: Facebook and the Spread of Occupy Wall Street
Authors: Caren Neal , Gaby Sarah
Published: July 2018

Since Occupy Wall Street began in New York City on September 17th, the movement has spread offline to hundreds of locations around the globe. Social networking sites have been critical for linking potential supporters and distributing information. In addition to Facebook pages on the Wall Street Occupation, more than 400 unique pages have been established in order to spread the movement across the US, including at least one page in each of the 50 states. These Facebook pages facilitate the creation of local encampments and the organization of protests and marches to oppose the existing economic and political system. 'Based on data acquired from Facebook, we find that Occupy groups have recruited over 170,000 active Facebook users and more than 1.4 million “likes” in support of Occupations. By October 22, Facebook pages related to the Wall Street Occupation had accumulated more than 390,000 “likes”, while almost twice that number, more than 770,000, have been expressed for the 324 local sites. Most new Occupation pages were started between September 23th and October 5th. On October 11th, occupy activity on Facebook peaked with 73,812 posts and comments to an occupy page in a day. By October 22nd, there had been 1,170,626 total posts or comments associated with Occupation pages. The density of Facebook activism is highest in college towns and in state capitals. Major uses for Facebook within the movement include the recruitment of people and resources to local occupations; information sharing and story telling; and across-group exchanges. While the focus of Occupy Wall Street is on mobilizing individual’s offline, online activities greatly facilitate these efforts.
Conscientious objection in healthcare: the requirement of justification, the moral threshold, and military refusals
Authors: Żuradzki Tomasz
Published: July 2018

A dogma accepted in many ethical, religious, and legal frameworks is that the reasons behind conscientious objection (CO) in healthcare cannot be evaluated or judged by any institution because conscience is individual and autonomous. This paper shows that the background view is mistaken: the requirement to reveal and explain the reasons for conscientious objection in healthcare is ethically justified and legally desirable. Referring to real healthcare cases and legal regulations, the paper argues that these reasons should be evaluated either ex ante or ex post, and defends novel conceptual claims that have not been analyzed in the debates on CO. First, a moral threshold requirement: CO is only justified if the reasons behind a refusal are of a moral nature and meet a certain threshold of moral importance. Second, the rarely discussed conceptual similarities between CO in healthcare and the legal regulations concerning military refusals that place the burden of proof on conscientious objectors. The paper concludes that conscientious objection in healthcare can only be accommodated in some cases of destroying or killing human organisms.
Failure in Emerging Adulthood: Narrative Agency in Career, Practice, and Care Institutions among Poor and Working Class Women
Authors: Nielsen Kelly
Published: July 2018

Emerging adulthood is a period of high ambition and a high likelihood of failure. The process of managing failure in the transition to adulthood requires narrative work. Normative expectations for ambition make failure a cultural problem for emerging adults to solve. For poor and working-class emerging adults, popular narratives of failure often pathologize them as youth-gone-bad or youth-gone-sad and undermine their ability to produce narratives of ambition. Nevertheless, they will respond to the pressure to tell an ambitious story. Drawing on four waves of life history interviews over a three-and-a-half year period with 23 poor and working-class emerging adult women, I show how they tell life stories using available institutional resources to narratively manage failure by responding to popular explanations for their failure and attempting to maintain claims to ambition. I distinguish between career, practice, and care institutions, which shape the possibilities for overcoming failure through narrative agency. This narrative institutionalism contributes to a better understanding of emerging adulthood and the cultural demands that poor and working-class youth must contend with over time.
Curating in the Open: A Case for Iteratively and Openly Publishing Curatorial Research on the Web
Authors: Owens Trevor
Published: July 2018

Through a case study of using social media tools to open up part of the curatorial research process for an online exhibit on the history of astronomy at the Library of Congress, I offer some initial ideas about how an open approach to sharing curatorial research could significantly expand the impact and reach of such work. Drawing on three distinct emerging conceptions and frameworks for the idea of “open” (open notebook science, linked open data, and open innovation) I suggest how this case study can be used to guide work with existing simple and inexpensive tools and how it could also inform the development of future tools, services and exhibit development methods. This work builds on an ongoing discussion of open data in libraries, archives, and museums. To date, most of that dialog is about object records and not about the stories and narratives cultural heritage institutions tell about them. I suggest ways to make the production of cultural heritage data, as well as the final outputs, part of an open and transparent process.
THE USAGE OF NATURAL FERTILIZERS - A PRACTICE THAT FAVORS THE ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

Natural fertilizers were used in agriculture since ancient times andare still the best method of soil fertilization. Traditional agriculture,practicedin rural areas of Romania, contributes to the maintenance of soilsfertilizationecological practices. Our research shows the evolution of the quantity ofnatural fertilizers used in the past 20 years at the national level and atthe levelof NeamŃ County captures the evolution over the seven years of naturalfertilizers areas. In the analyzed period, the quantity of naturalfertilizers onagricultural land is growing, but fertilized land record low values,showing thatit has increased the average quantity of natural fertilizers per hectare.
From Colonialism to Neoliberalism: Critical Reflections on Philippine Mining in the "Long Twentieth Century"
Authors: Camba Alvin
Published: July 2018

Through an analysis of archival data and findings from interviews with industry leaders, I explore the genesis, rise, and fall of the various Philippine mineral regimes of the twentieth century. Specifically, I examine the background of successive and overlapping colonial and neocolonial powers in three eras: late colonial (1901-1941), national developmental (1945-1964), and state authoritarianism (1965-1985). I also briefly examine the current neoliberal mineral regime (1986-present). I argue that, to date, capitalist enterprises and neocolonial powers have pursued two contradictory paths to extract precious (gold and silver) and base (chromite, iron, copper, nickel, magnesium, and ore) metals in the Philippines. On the one hand, mining companies appropriated expansive land, underpriced labor and inexpensive food to subsidize capital expenditure and mineral operations. The appropriation of basic inputs - or what is referred to as "cheap natures" - allowed these companies to reduce their sunken investments and operational costs. But on the other hand, as the sector developed more, it became increasingly difficult to appropriate such "cheap natures." While initially profitable because of successful appropriation of "cheap natures," companies eventually experienced decreasing returns because of the problems this caused.
Identity and Foreign Policy: Around the World in Around Eighty Readings
Authors: Vucetic Srdjan
Published: July 2018

Identity and Foreign Policy. Part I, “Shortcuts,” brings together key articles, textbook chapters and literature reviews. Part II, “Fundamentals,” annotates sources that have proven to be exceptionally influential in setting this research agenda. Loosely structured by IR’s idea of regions, Part III is a world tour of sorts, covering “Africa and the Middle East,” “Asia,” “The Americas,” “Europe,” “The Post-Soviet Space,” and “Comparative” and with reference to both acclaimed and more overlooked contributions to scholarship. Part IV is small selection of works representing “New Directions.”
The Relative Circuity of Walkable and Drivable Urban Street Networks
Authors: Boeing Geoff
Published: July 2018

Circuity, the ratio of network distances to straight-line distances, is an important measure of urban street network structure and transportation efficiency. Circuity results from a circulation network’s configuration, planning, and underlying terrain. In turn, it impacts how humans use urban space for settlement and travel. Although past research has examined overall street network circuity, researchers have not studied the relative circuity of walkable versus drivable circulation networks. To address this gap, this study uses OpenStreetMap data to explore relative network circuity. We download walkable and drivable networks for 40 US cities using the OSMnx software, which we then use to simulate two million routes and analyze circuity to characterize network structure. We find that walking networks tend to allow for more direct trips than driving networks do in most cities: average driving circuity exceeds average walking circuity in all but four of the cities that exhibit statistically significant differences between network types. We discuss various reasons for this phenomenon, illustrated with case studies. Network circuity also varies substantially between different types of places. These findings underscore the value of using network-based distances rather than straight-line distances when studying urban travel and access. They also suggest the importance of differentiating between walkable and drivable circulation networks when modeling and characterizing urban street networks: although different modes’ networks overlap in any given city, their relative structure and performance vary in most cities.
Expectativas y percepciones de padres de familia y docentes sobre las funciones sociales y educativas de la educación media
Authors: Martínez-Álvarez Eddier , Celis Jorge
Published: July 2018

ResumenEste documento presenta los resultados de analizar las expectativas y percepciones que padres defamilia y docentes tienen sobre las funciones sociales y educativas de la educación media. Paratal fin, se conformaron 32 grupos focales en los departamentos de Sucre y Antioquia en el 2015.Padres de familia y docentes mencionan que la educación media debe preparar a los estudiantespara ingresar al mercado de trabajo, aunque también afirman que los debe formar para el ingresoa la educación superior. De ahí la importancia de que exista un balance entre las competenciasgenerales y las laborales. Cuestionan también la duración de dos años de la educación media.Consideran que la duración debería ser de tres años, pues dos años no son suficientes para que losestudiantes puedan tomar decisiones sobre su vida adulta. Algunos participantes en los gruposfocales abogan por que la educación media esté más articulada con la educación superior mediantecursos que puedan ser ofrecidos por instituciones de educación superior y, posteriormente,reconocidos como parte del programa que cursen los estudiantes una vez ingresen a la educaciónsuperior.AbstractThis paper shows the results derived from the analysis done over parents’ and teachers’expectations and perceptions on the social and educative functions of upper-secondary education.To this end, 32 focus groups were done in Sucre and Antioquia Departments in 2015. Parents andteachers say that upper-secondary education has the function of preparing students for the labormarket, albeit it provides students with skills to access higher education. Consequentially, it isimportant that there exists a balance between generic and labor-oriented market skills. Parentsand teachers consider that the length of upper-secondary education should be three years, sincetwo years are not enough in order students to make decisions over their life as adults. Someparticipants in the focus groups mention that upper-secondary education should be morearticulated with higher education by means of courses offered by higher education institutions.These courses could be recognized as part of bachelor program when students finally accesshigher education.
Beryl Smalley to R.W. Hunt on the Significance of Alexander Neckam
Authors: Dunning Andrew Nelson Judd
Published: July 2018

An explanation of R.W. Hunt's delay to publish his influential 1936 doctoral thesis and its relationship to the 1984 book 'The Schools and the Cloister'. Includes the text of an unpublished letter from Beryl Smalley (13 July 1960) on the importance of Alexander Neckam.
Becoming “The Right People”: Fan-Generated Knowledge Building
Authors: Markman Kris M , Overholt John
Published: July 2018

This chapter examines the collaborative knowledge building activities of MST3K fans as they relate to the decoding of jokes and references in the show. We describe the different types of references that make up the show and explore the various internet-based resources that have been constructed by fans in their attempts to decode show’s references, and discuss how these sites work as a form of collective intelligence (Jenkins 2006).
Shaping the ‘me’ in MySpace: The framing of profiles on a social network site
Authors: Brake David R
Published: July 2018

This paper analyses the social and technical context in which young people create and maintain social media profiles. The analysis was based primarily on ten semi-structured hour-long interviews conducted with MySpace users—all young people between 16 and 19 years of age from two UK schools, supplemented by a questionnaire and examination of the texts they produced. An overview is given of the nature of the profiles created by the interviewees. The process of profile creation and maintenance is then placed in the wider context of the uses of MySpace as described by those interviewed, and some of the influences which appear to have shapedwhat was produced are outlined. In the conclusion, the implications of the manner in which these practices are shaped for institutions involved in digital storytelling are explored.
Top incomes and the gender divide
Authors: Casarico Alessandra , Voitchovsky Sarah , Atkinson Anthony B.
Published: July 2018

In the recent research on top incomes, there has been little discussion of gender. How many of the top 1 and 10 per cent are women? A great deal is known about gender differentials in earnings, but how far does this carry over to the distribution of total incomes, bringing self-employment and capital income into the picture? We investigate the gender divide at the top of the income distribution using tax record data for a sample of eight countries with individual taxation. We show that women are under-represented at the top of the distribution. They account for between a fifth and a third of those in the top 10 per cent. Higher up the income distribution, the proportion is lower, with women constituting between 14 and 22 per cent of the top 1 per cent. The presence of women in the top income groups has generally increased over time, but the rise becomes smaller at the very top. As a result, the gradient with income has become more marked: the under-representation of women today increases more sharply. Examination of the shape of the income distribution by fitting a Pareto distribution shows that at the end of the period women disappear faster than men as one moves up the income scale in all countries. In this sense, there appears to be something of a "glass ceiling" for women. In the case of Canada, Denmark, Norway and New Zealand, there appears to have been a reversal over time, with the slope of the upper tail having been steeper for women in the past. In seeking to explain this, we highlight the role of income composition, where we show that there have been significant changes over time, underlining the fact that it is not sufficient to look only at earned income.
Identity, Ideology, and Language A Literature Review of Theoretical Anchors and Empirical Studies
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Sarah Majd
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of selected theoretical frameworks and some empirical studies that take up theories on identity, ideology, and language. The researcher attempts to highlight the most important theoretical frameworks on identity, ideologies, and language, and discusses key theoretical frameworks that have had an influence among recent scholars’ empirical work especially in the fields of second language acquisition (SLA), sociolinguistics, and linguistic anthropology. This article has two objectives. First, with a focus on the relationship between language, identity, and investment, the researcher attempts to present a review of Norton’s foundational work dated between 1995 (Peirce, 1995) to a more recent scholarly work (Darvin & Norton, 2015). Next, she discusses identity and interaction from a sociocultural linguistic approach by drawing on Bucholtz and Hall’s framework (2004a, 2004b, 2005). Findings from this article highlight a paradigm shift in the ways the scholarly focus has changed from looking at language solely as an oral and written skill to looking at language from the sociocultural lens and studying how it is embedded in identity production through linguistics interaction. This article concludes with a recommendation for future research on identity and language to respond to the diversity of language practices and aim at connecting language ideologies and identity to enhance our understanding of today’s complex learning communities and globalized world.
Cultural forms and social perceptions of visitors at art and street food markets in Goiânia, Brazil
Authors: Amaral Ernesto F. L. , Rabelo Francisco Chagas Evangelista
Published: July 2018

Title in Portuguese: Formas Culturais e Percepção Social dos Frequentadores de Feiras de Arte e Alimentação de GoiâniaAbstract: In this paper, we evaluate how the cultural manifestations of visitors attending art and food street markets in Goiânia generate diverse forms of social perception, establish social participation, and create or deepen social differences.Resumo: Neste artigo, verificamos em que medida as manifestações culturais dos frequentadores de feiras de arte e alimentação de Goiânia produzem formas diferenciadas de percepção social, determinam o nível de participação social e criam ou aprofundam as diferenças sociais.
*PREPRINT* Supporting evidence-informed policy and scrutiny: a consultation of UK research professionals
Authors: Walker Lindsay , Lawrence Natalia , Chambers Christopher D , Wood Marsha , Barnett Julie , Durrant Hannah , Pike Lindsey , O'Grady Gerard , Bestmann Sven , Kythreotis Andrew
Published: July 2018

Access to reliable and timely information ensures that decision-makers can operate effectively. The motivations and challenges of parliamentarians and policy-makers in accessing evidence have been well documented in the policy literature. However, there has been little focus on research-providers. Understanding both the demand- and the supply-side of research engagement is imperative to enhancing impactful interactions. This study reports on a recent online consultation with research professionals on their policy experience, including motivations and barriers to engage with decision-makers.
Reason and Nature - a Canadian Perspective
Authors: Furmuzachi Gabriel
Published: July 2018

In the following essay, I will try to analyze the relationship between reason and nature, as it appears in the work of Canadian philosopher, William Lyall.
Weapon-carrying and the reduction of violent harm
Authors: Brennan Iain
Published: July 2018

Criminology has much to offer activities to reduce the harm of violent incidents –– particularly by reducing weapon carrying and use – but the discipline’s engagement with the harm reduction agenda has been limited. In addressing this, the paper identifies risk factors for carrying a weapon by a young person in England and Wales. It demonstrates that this decision is influenced by individual-, interpersonal- and community-level factors and that weapon carriers can be distinguished from other respondents using relatively few characteristics. The study also shows that defensive factors, such as victimisation and concerns about personal safety are relevant to understanding weapon-carrying, but they are outweighed by criminogenic factors such as violence, neighbourhood disorder and, importantly, lack of trust in the police.
Star Trek, Fan Film, and the Internet: Possibilities and Constraints of Fan-Based Vernacular Cultures
Authors: Markman Kris M
Published: July 2018

This paper explores the distinctions between mass and vernacular popular culture as manifestedin the fan productions of Star Trek fans. Fan-produced video represents an opportunity forordinary people to take the means of cultural production into their own hands. However, becauseof its roots in an already-existing, culture industry-produced world, there may exist limits to theamount of resistance this form of vernacular culture can provide. To explore these tensions, Icompare two fan film productions based on the popular Star Trek television and movie franchise.These two productions, both of which are distributed through the Internet, illustrate the differentlevels of attachment to and freedom from the main text that characterize much of fan film.
Class cultures or micro-class cultures? An analysis of literary tastes of occupational groups
Authors: Sokolov Mikhail , Sokolova Nadezhda
Published: July 2018

Looking for differences in tastes of macrosocial units, such as classes or status groups, has been sociology of culture’s preoccupation for decades. The recent turn to the study of “micro-classes” (Grusky, 2005) in the sociology of stratification, however, questions the reality of such entities, suggesting rather that individual occupations are the real building blocks of social structures and, by implication, a natural site of differences in lifestyles. There have so far been few attempts in the sociology of culture to disaggregate classes into specific occupations in order to study potential contrasts in their artistic tastes, as this requires extensive datasets usually unavailable from surveys. In this paper, we begin to fill this gap using a dataset from the public library system of a major Russian city. Using information on the literary preferences of 15,470 readers who gave their current employment details, we show that indeed there are striking contrasts between occupational groups, with only a minor part of those existing contrasts captured by the class and socioeconomic status scales having the widest currency (ISEI, Treiman, EGP). We discuss several interpretations of this failure of conventional status schema: (a) inapplicability of socioeconomic status schemata to Russia; (b) the existence of strong micro-class cultures; (c) the presence of “economic” and “cultural” dimensions of status, implicating two different ordering of occupations; and (d) difference between occupational and class mobility, and the role of cultural consumption as a strategy of managing discrepancy between class and occupation.
Evidence for that the origins of Shang Dynasty’s Oracle-bone Inscriptions could Ascend to Proto-Cuneiform
Authors: Yufeng He
Published: July 2018

Abstract: It is deference to other ancient scripts that oracle-bone inscriptions suddenly appeared in prehistorical China without any predecessors. How oralce-bone inscriptions had been created? and who created it? Those questions have been debated more than one hundred years. Proto-cuneiform is the earliest form of the cuneiform script, the earliest writing system attested in history. It emerged towards the end of the fourth millennium B.C. in ancient a region of Mesopotamia of West Asia. By comparing Sumerian proto-cuineform vs oracle-bone inscription, there are some common basic symbols could be found in both inscriptions. Those symbols had same or derivative meaning in both side. There are a lot of such symbols have been found in both side, they existed in both side simultaneously. It are sufficient and logically. Those evidences indicate that oracle-bone inscription could ascend to proto-cuineform and oracle-bone inscription did not origin in China . At same time the common basic symbol of both inscription could be used to re-explanation of the oracle-bone and help to understand the its real means.
IMPLICATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC DIMENSION IN SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT. CASE STUDY: RÂŞCA VALLEY BASIN
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to capture the importance of demographic dimension in thesustainable development process of the rural space. From a series ofstatistics data we realized an analysis of demographic indicators, which ithelped us to trace the development trends characteristic for our area ofstudy. To understand the evolution in time and the implications of humanresource in the process of development it was necessary referencing themwith national or local historical events. Demographic dimension analysishighlights the development stage of rural space and help the formulation ofthe future local policies that regard the sustainable development.
Shard weight: a new look at the numbers
Authors: Costa Stefano
Published: July 2018

Weight of single ceramic sherds from archaeological contexts has a log-normal distribution. This property can be used for a purely quantitative statistical analysis of contexts. Rather than focusing on the economic and social value of ceramics, quantification is used to evaluate depositional histories and verify or improve archaeological interpretation.
ACTA and the Specter of Graduated Response
Authors: Bridy Annemarie
Published: July 2018

This article considers the evolution of ACTA's "digital environment" provisions in the context of concerns raised early in the negotiations that the agreement would require signatories to mandate graduated response regimes for online copyright enforcement (à la France's controversial HADOPI system). The Consolidated Text of ACTA released in October 2010, following the final round of negotiations in Japan, contains no provision mandating the adoption of graduated response. Such regimes are tacitly endorsed in the agreement, however, through language in the preamble and the digital environment provisions concerning the promotion of greater cooperation between rights owners and service providers. Moreover, opponents of graduated response should be wary of the fact that public law mechanisms - be they domestic or international - are not the only means by which graduated response can effectively become the law for Internet users. The United States and Ireland provide examples of the trend toward private ordering in the project of online copyright enforcement.Annemarie BridyProfessor|University of Idaho College of Law|PO Box 83720-0051|Boise, ID 83720|Ph. 208.364.4583Affiliate Scholar|Stanford Center for Internet and SocietyAffiliate Fellow|Yale Information Society ProjectSSRN|HeinOnline|LinkedIn|Twitter
Mind Mapping and Students' Writing Performance
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Zyoud Ali Ayed Al- , Jamal Dina Al , Baniabdelrahman Abdallah
Published: July 2018

This study examines the potential effect of mind mapping strategy on developing Jordanian students' writing performance. The researchers claim that mind mapping strategy has the potential to improve Jordanian students' writing performance. The study follows a quasi- experimental design in which an experimental group and a control group were purposefully chosen from eleventh grade students at Al Hashymiah School for Boys, Zarqa in Jordan during the second semester of the academic year 2016/2017. In the experimental group, 20 students were taught by mind mapping strategy and 20 students of control group were taught by the conventional teaching method as outlined in the Teacher’s Book. To collect the data, a pre-test and a post-test was utilized. ANCOVA was used to measure statistical differences in the mean scores of the participants of the study. The findings reveal statistically significant differences (at α≤0.05) between the two mean scores of experimental and control groups in the post- test in favor of experimental group. The study recommends an integration of the mind mapping strategy into the English as a foreign Language (EFL) curriculum in Jordan as it facilitates developing students' writing skill. The study also recommends to examine the effect of using mind mapping strategy on EFL students' achievements in other language skills and sub skills. Teachers are also advised to use the mind mapping strategy to increase students’ interest and motivation to write more often
The Global in Canada
Authors: Vucetic Srdjan
Published: July 2018

Paper prepared for “Generations: The Sources and Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy”, September 28-29 2016, Hart House, University of Toronto. 7,000 words, 1 cartoon, to appear International Journal's themed issued edited by Brian Bow and Andrea Lane.
Back to the Future: The Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the Trans-Pacific Partnership
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: July 2018

Journal Article: Matthew Rimmer, 'Back to the Future: The Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the Trans-Pacific Partnership' (2017) 6 (3) Laws http://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/6/3/11/htmThe Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a trade agreement, which seeks to regulate copyright law, intermediary liability, and technological protection measures. The United States Government under President Barack Obama sought to export key features of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 (US) (DMCA). Drawing upon the work of Joseph Stiglitz, this paper expresses concerns that the TPP would entrench DMCA measures into the laws of a dozen Pacific Rim countries. This study examines four key jurisdictions—the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand—participating in the TPP. This paper has three main parts. Part 2 focuses upon the takedown-and-notice scheme, safe harbours, and intermediary liability under the TPP. Elements of the safe harbours regime in the DMCA have been embedded into the international agreement. Part 3 examines technological protection measures—especially in light of a constitutional challenge to the DMCA. Part 4 looks briefly at electronic rights management. This paper concludes that the model of the DMCA is unsuitable for a template for copyright protection in the Pacific Rim in international trade agreements. It contends that our future copyright laws need to be responsive to new technological developments in the digital age—such as Big Data, cloud computing, search engines, and social media. There is also a need to resolve the complex interactions between intellectual property, electronic commerce, and investor-state dispute settlement in trade agreements.
Is popular culture the “least cultural denominator”? An analysis of fiction readership in Russia
Authors: Sokolov Mikhail , Sokolova Nadezhda
Published: July 2018

In his now-classical paper, Paul DiMaggio (1987) claimed that popular culture in modern societies “provide(s) stuff of everyday sociability”. It serves to bridge cultural holes between major social groups patronizing different artistic genres. Intuitively appealing and grounded in a long tradition of theorizing on “mass culture”, the proposition that low-brow art serves as the “least cultural denominator”, however, has been scarcely empirically tested. We developed a dual network approach to testing this proposition. We use data on readership in St. Petersburg, Russia, from the city’s municipal public library system (above 1.300.000 records) to reconstruct a network of 22.000 authors. With this, we demonstrate that counter to DiMaggio and others, authors with predominantly university-educated readership are more likely to bridge cultural holes in taste networks, as measured by weighted betweenness and constraint. We interpret this as a sign that, at least as far as the literature is concerned, it is the relatively high-brow, rather than low-brow, artistic figures that are more likely to serve to bridge cultural holes providing themes for “culture talk” (Lizardo) across large social distances. We discuss three explanations for this fact: institutional (the central role of educational institutions in distribution of literature, in contrast to cinema and other predominantly commercial art forms), structural (we claim that the centrality of high-brow tastes is implicated by Peterson’s omnivorousness model) and taste (more educated audiences prefer cultural products transgressing traditional genre boundaries). We argue that the evidence points in the direction of a combination of all three explanations.
Law's Public/Private Structure
Authors: Turner Christian
Published: July 2018

A paper characterizing legal systems by their division of decisionmaking between public and private institutions
Antitrust Arbitration and Illinois Brick
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

For nearly forty years, since the Supreme Court decision in Illinois Brick,federal antitrust law has prevented indirect purchasers from complaining ofovercharges caused by antitrust violations. The Court reasoned that directpurchasers are the best and most motivated antitrust plaintiffs. But in its2013 Italian Colors decision, the Court made it extremely difficult fordirect purchasers to bring an antitrust claim in federal court. In doingso, it undermined the policy rationale for Illinois Brick, opening the wayfor courts to reconsider the ban on antitrust enforcement by indirectpurchasers.
Damascius on the One's causality as 'All Things' (ta panta)
Authors: Greig Jonathan
Published: July 2018

Damascius posits a split for the Neoplatonic first principle into two aspects, or entities: the Ineffable as the ‘true’ first principle, and the One as the first cause of all things, as in Proclus, but subordinated to the Ineffable. Behind this distinction is an essential shift in the One’s causality, both as a response to and critique of Proclus’ One. I look at De Principiis I, 2–4, and I, 92–94, in relation to Proclus, seeing how Damascius transforms the One as causally synonymous with 'all things' (τά πάντα). In doing so, I show that Damascius both retains Proclus' basic argument that the One does not directly pre-contain plurality, and that the One *indirectly* anticipates plurality by causing 'all things'. By holding these two stances, Damascius appears to lead a *via media* between a Plotinian and a Proclean view of the One.[Colloquium presentation (LMU Munich/MUSAPH, Jan. 17, 2017; Universität Bonn, Jan. 30, 2017; KU Leuven, Mar. 23, 2017) and conference presentation (NAAP, Edinburgh, Apr. 10, 2017) summarizing a basic argument of the final chapter of my PhD thesis. The attached PDF is from the KU Leuven presentation.]
Muslim/Non-Muslim Locational Attainment in Philadelphia: A New Fault Line in Residential Inequality?
Authors: Friedman Samantha , Yucel Recai , Wynn Colleen E. , Gibbons Joseph
Published: July 2018

This study examines Muslim/non-Muslim disparities in locational attainment. We pooled data from the 2004, 2006, and 2008 waves of the Public Health Management Corporation’s Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Survey. These data contain respondents’ religious identities and are geocoded at the census-tract level, allowing us to merge American Community Survey data and examine neighborhood-level outcomes to gauge respondents’ locational attainment. Net of controls, our multivariate analyses reveal that among blacks and nonblacks, Muslims live in neighborhoods that have significantly lower shares of whites and greater representations of blacks. Among blacks, Muslims are significantly less likely to reside in suburbs, relative to non-Muslims. The Muslim disadvantages for blacks and nonblacks in neighborhood poverty and neighborhood median income, however, become insignificant. Our results provide support for the tenets of the spatial assimilation and place stratification models and suggest that Muslim/non-Muslim disparities in locational attainment comprise a new fault line in residential stratification.
Damascius on Causality
Authors: Greig Jonathan
Published: July 2018

[Presentation paper for the joint graduate workshop in ancient philosophy between HU Berlin and LMU Munich (MUSAPH). General overview of a chapter for my PhD thesis.][As this is a thesis chapter in progress, any feedback or comments are welcome!]
The stories of social entrepreneurship: Narrative discourse and social enterprise resource acquisition
Authors: Roundy Philip
Published: July 2018

Social entrepreneurship is a phenomenon of increasing significance. A key challenge for social ventures is resource acquisition. However, how social entrepreneurs gather the resources necessary to grow their organizations is not clear. The focus of this study is how narratives are used to acquire social venture resources. This topic is examined using a multi-study, inductive, theory-building design based on 121 interviews, observation, and archival data. In Study 1, I interview 75 entrepreneurs, investors, and ancillary participants in the social enterprise sector. In Study 2, I construct case studies of eight technology-focused social ventures. Evidence from this study is used to construct a framework explaining how differences in entrepreneurs’ narrative tactics and characteristics are associated with differences in their resource acquisition success. Specifically, from Study 1 I develop a typology of social enterprise narratives, identify three narrative-types (personal, social-good, and business), and show that they possess unique elements. Evidence from Study 2 suggests that the three narrative-types serve as the building blocks for communication with external stakeholders. These findings contribute to three literatures that formed the basis of the study – social entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial resource acquisition, and organizational narrative theory – and have implications for work on competing organizational logics. They also produce several practical implications for social entrepreneurs.
Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints - Limits to Arbitrage and Interest Rates: A Debate Between Keynes, Hawtrey and Hicks
Authors: BRILLANT Lucy
Published: July 2018

This paper deals with a debate between Hawtrey, Hicks and Keynes concerning the capacity of the central bank to influence the short-term and the long-term rates of interest. Both Hawtrey and Keynes considered the central bank’s ability to influence short-term rates of interest. However, they do not put the same emphasis on the study of the long-term rates of interest. According to Keynes, long-term rates are influenced by future expected short-term rates (1930, 1936), whereas for Hawtrey (1932, 1937, 1938), long-term rates are more dependent on the business cycle. Short-term rates do not have much effect on long-term rates according to Hawtrey. In 1939, Hicks enters the controversy, giving credit to both Hawtrey’s and Keynes’s theories, and also introducing limits to the operations of arbitrage. He thus presented a nuanced view.
The development of an fMRI protocol to investigate vmPFC network topology underlying the generalization of behavioral control
Authors: Cremers Henk , Keedy Sarah , Coccaro Emil
Published: July 2018

Experiencing behavioral control over stress can have long lasting and generalizing effects. The controllability of a physical threat, for example, affects the processing of subsequent social stress. Animal research has shown that the vmPFC plays a critical role in behavioral control and orchestrating subcortical responses. However, translational research on these neural systems in humans is sparse and we therefore aimed to develop a paradigm to test the generalization effect of behavioral control on vmPFC functioning. A pilot study was performed in which subjects (n=18) were first randomly assigned to one of two versions of a signal detection task, where feedback was either paired with a controllable or an uncontrollable mild shock. Subsequently, subjects underwent a social evaluative threat fMRI paradigm to measure their response to the anticipation of speaking in public. The analyses tested whether the controllability manipulation influenced behavioral and physiological responses and vmPFC network topology. Results showed that overall subjects were faster to respond to potential shock trials in the signal detection task, and there was a trend significant difference between the controllable or uncontrollable group. No significant differences between the two groups were observed on other behavioral or physiological responses. fMRI results showed higher vmPFC efficiency in the controllable threat group at baseline and recovery but similar to the uncontrollable group during speech anticipation. The current report establishes the feasibility of the protocol and adequately-powered follow-up research is needed to further evaluate the generalization effect on the behavioral, physiological and neural level.
Mobile Payments: Consumer Benefits & New Privacy Concerns
Authors: Urban Jennifer
Published: July 2018

*Abstract: *Payment systems that allow people to pay using their mobile phones are promised to reduce transaction fees, increase convenience, and enhance payment security. New mobile payment systems also are likely to make it easier for businesses to identify consumers, to collect more information about consumers, and to share more information about consumers’ purchases among more businesses. While many studies have reported security concerns as a barrier to adoption of mobile payment technologies, the privacy implications of these technologies have been under examined. To better understand Americans’ attitudes towards privacy in new transaction systems, we commissioned a nationwide, telephonic (wireline and wireless) survey of 1,200 households, focusing upon the ways that mobile payment systems are likely to share information about consumers’ purchases.We found that Americans overwhelmingly oppose the revelation of contact information (phone number, email address, and home address) to merchants when making purchases with mobile payment systems. Furthermore, an even higher level of opposition exists to systems that track consumers’ movements through their mobile phones.We explain some advantages of mobile payment systems, some challenges to their adoption in the United States, and then turn to our main finding: Americans overwhelming reject mobile payment systems that track their movements or share identification information with retailers. We then suggest a possible remedy for such information sharing: adapting provisions of California’s Song-Beverly Credit Card Act, which prohibits merchants from requesting personal information at the register when a consumer pays with a credit card, to mobile payments systems. Our survey results suggest that consumers would support limitations on information collection and transfer. Song-Beverly could be adopted to accommodate those who wish to share their transaction data.Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2045580