bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarization of Circumstellar Debris Disk Light Echoes
Authors: King Austin J. , Bromley Benjamin C. , Harris Preston W. , Kenyon Scott J.
Published: March 2024

Light echoes of debris disks around active stars can reveal disk structure and composition even when disks are not spatially resolved. Unfortunately, distinguishing reflected light from quiescent starlight and unexpected post-peak flare structure is challenging, especially for edge-on geometries where the time delay between observed flare photons and light scattered from the near side of the disk is short. Here, we take advantage of the fact that scattered light from a dusty disk is polarized, depending on the location of the scattering site and the orientation of the disk relative to a distant observer. Filtering reflected light into its polarized components allows echoes to stand out in predictable ways. We test this idea with a simple model for a disk around an active M dwarf. Our results demonstrate that the use of polarimetric data of flaring stars can significantly enhance echo signals relative to starlight and yield more robust and accurate fits to disk parameters compared to analyses based on the total intensity alone.
JWST Mid-infrared Spectroscopy Resolves Gas, Dust, and Ice in Young Stellar Objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Nayak Omnarayani , Hirschauer Alec S. , Kavanagh Patrick J. , Meixner Margaret , Chu Laurie , Habel Nolan , Jones Olivia C. , Lenkić Laura , Nally Conor , Reiter Megan , Robberto Massimo , Sargent B. A.
Published: March 2024

In this work, we present spectra of 11 young stellar objects (YSOs) taken with the Mid-Infrared Instrument / Medium Resolution Spectroscopy (MRS) instrument on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The YSOs are located in the N79 region of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), an active star-forming region with hundreds of Spitzer- and Herschel-identified YSOs and host to super star cluster (SSC) candidate H72.97-69.39. The three giant molecular clouds in N79 (East, West, and South) have varying star formation rates and stellar populations. MRS follow-up observations of four Spitzer-identified YSOs in N79 East, West, and South have revealed that what seemed to be a single, massive YSO is actually a cluster of YSOs. We discuss the emission and absorption lines of six YSOs that have complete or almost-complete spectral coverage from 4.9–27.9 μm. YSO Y3, located in N79 East, is the youngest source in this study and likely to be less than 10,000 yr old, as inferred from the prominent CH4, NH3, CH3OH, CH3OCHO, and CO2 ice absorption features. The most luminous source is the central ionizing YSO of SSC H72.97-69.39, Y4, which has dozens of fine-structure and H2 emission lines. Unlike the other YSOs in this work, Y4 has no polyaromatic hydrocarbon emission lines, due to the intense ionizing radiation destroying these large carbon-chain molecules. The mass accretion rates based on the H i (7-6) line luminosities of YSOs Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y9 range between 1.22 × 10−4–1.89 × 10−2
M
⊙ yr−1. For the first time in the mid-infrared, we are able to resolve individual high-mass protostars forming in small clusters in an extragalactic environment like the LMC.
Exploring Neutral Hydrogen in Radio MOlecular Hydrogen Emission Galaxies (MOHEGs) and Prospects with the SKA
Authors: Wagh Sai , Pandey-Pommier Mamta , Roy Nirupam , Rashid Md , Marcowith Alexandre , Muthumariappan Chinnathambi , Sethuram Ramya , Roy Subhashis , Guiderdoni Bruno
Published: March 2024

Empirical studies of cold gas content are essential for comprehending the star formation activities and evolution in galaxies. However, it is not straightforward to understand these processes because they depend on various physical properties of the interstellar medium. Massive Faranoff–Riley I/II type radio galaxies rich in molecular hydrogen with lower star formation activities are known as radio molecular hydrogen emission galaxies (MOHEGs). We present a study of neutral hydrogen-gas-associated radio MOHEGs at redshifts <0.2 probed via the H i 21 cm absorption line. Neutral hydrogen is detected in 70% of these galaxies, which are located at a distance of 8–120 kpc from the neighboring galaxies. These galaxies show a scarcity of H i gas as compared to merging galaxies at similar redshifts. We found no strong correlation between N(H i), NH, and the galaxy properties, regardless of whether the H i is assumed to be cold or warm, indicating that the atomic gas probably plays no important role in star formation. The relation between the total hydrogen gas surface density and the star formation surface density deviates from the standard Kennicutt–Schmidt law. Our study highlights the importance of H i studies and offers insights into the role of atomic and molecular hydrogen gas in explaining the properties of these galaxies. In the upcoming H i 21 cm absorption surveys with next-generation radio telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array and pathfinder instruments, it may be possible to provide better constraints for these correlations.
Signatures of X-Ray-dominated Chemistry in the Spectra of Exoplanetary Atmospheres
Authors: Locci Daniele , Aresu Giambattista , Petralia Antonino , Micela Giuseppina , Maggio Antonio , Cecchi-Pestellini Cesare
Published: March 2024

High-energy radiation from stars impacts planetary atmospheres, deeply affecting their chemistry and providing departures from chemical equilibrium. While the upper atmospheric layers are dominated by ionizations induced by extreme-ultraviolet radiation, deeper into the atmosphere, molecular abundances are controlled by a characteristic X-ray-dominated chemistry, mainly driven by an energetic secondary electron cascade. In this work, we aim at identifying molecular photochemically induced fingerprints in the transmission spectra of a giant planet atmosphere. We have developed a numerical code capable of synthesizing transmission spectra with arbitrary spectral resolution, exploiting updated infrared photoabsorption cross sections. Chemical mixing ratios are computed using a photochemical model tailored to investigate high-energy ionization processes. We find that in the case of high levels of stellar activity, synthetic spectra in both low and high resolutions show significant, potentially observable out-of-equilibrium signatures arising mainly from CO, CH4, C2H2, and HCN.
DermatologyClinical and Dermatoscopic Characteristics of Melanoma in situ - Institutional Experience
Authors: Petrov Andrej , Jashar Djengis , Petrova Deva
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Melanoma in situ (MIS) is the very early stage of a skin tumor called melanoma. In recent decades, the incidence rate for melanoma has increased by 2.6%/year and MIS is the main diagnosis responsible for this increase. It is important to recognize MIS since in this phase (called the intraepidermal phase), cancer cells do not have the opportunity to spread anywhere in the body. The use of dermoscopy has contributed to the early diagnosis of melanoma. The most common dermoscopic features of melanoma are multiple structures and colors (multicomponent pattern), an atypical reticular pattern (with wide, irregular meshes), and an absence of distinguishing features (nonspecific pattern) associated with the presence of vascular structures. The clinical decision about the excision of the lesion should always be in correlation with the dermoscopic picture of the pigmented lesion. If dermoscopy is unclear and there is suspicion for MIS, surgical excision with a wide margin of more than 5 mm should be performed.
AIM: In this work, we are presenting four cases of diagnosis of MIS and their clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings.
METHODS: In this work, we present four cases of diagnosis of MIS, their clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological findings.
RESULTS: The invasive melanoma cohort, compared with the MIS cohort, had an elevated risk for subsequent invasive melanoma in the first 10 years. However, the MIS cohort was more likely to develop subsequent MIS during the entire follow-up period than the invasive melanoma cohort. In our work, none of the four patients that we presented had relapsed during the first 2 years of follow-up, which is consistent with these results.
CONCLUSION: With the presentation of these cases, we want to stress and help clinicians that the main focus in dermoscopy assessment of MIS is on the asymmetry of the pigmented network and a two-color sign because many other marks of melanoma are missing.
Perceived Access to Healthcare of Indigenous Peoples in Canada With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their First-Degree Relatives
Authors: Wiens Dana , Smolik Irene A. , MacKay Dylan , Fowler-Woods Amanda , Robinson David B. , Barnabe Cheryl , El-Gabalawy Hani S. , O’Neil Liam J.
Published: March 2024

Objective

There are complex and interrelated factors that lead to inequitable healthcare delivery in Canada. Many of the factors that underlie these inequities for Canada’s geographically dispersed Indigenous peoples remain underexamined.

Methods

A cohort of 831 First Nations (FN) individuals from urban and remote communities were recruited into a longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk from 2005 to 2017. Data from each participant’s initial enrollment visit were assessed using a survey that captured concerns with healthcare access.

Results

We found that remote participants with RA reported poor access compared to remote first-degree relatives (FDRs;P< 0.001); this difference was not observed for urban participants with RA. We observed substantial differences based on sex; female participants perceived access to care to be more difficult than male participants in both urban and remote cohorts (P< 0.001). We also observed that male participants with RA reported poor access to care compared to male FDRs. Importantly, access to care in remote communities appeared to improve over the duration of the study (P= 0.01). In a logistic regression analysis, female sex, remote location, and older age were independent predictors of poor access to care. Predictors of poor access in participants with RA also included female sex, remote location, and older age.

Conclusion

FN peoples living in remote communities, particularly those with an established RA diagnosis, report more problems accessing health care. Sex-based inequities exist, with FN female individuals reporting greater difficulties in accessing appropriate health care, regardless of RA diagnosis. Addressing these sex-based inequities should be a high priority for improving healthcare delivery.
Global analysis of a diffusive Cholera model with multiple transmission pathways, general incidence and incomplete immunity in a heterogeneous environment
Authors: Wang Shengfu , Nie Linfei
Published: March 2024

With the consideration of the complexity of the transmission of Cholera, a partially degenerated reaction-diffusion model with multiple transmission pathways, incorporating the spatial heterogeneity, general incidence, incomplete immunity, and Holling type Ⅱ treatment was proposed. First, the existence, boundedness, uniqueness, and global attractiveness of solutions for this model were investigated. Second, one obtained the threshold condition $ \mathcal{R}_{0} $ and gave its expression, which described global asymptotic stability of disease-free steady state when $ \mathcal{R}_{0} < 1 $, as well as the maximum treatment rate as zero. Further, we obtained the disease was uniformly persistent when $ \mathcal{R}_{0} > 1 $. Moreover, one used the mortality due to disease as a branching parameter for the steady state, and the results showed that the model undergoes a forward bifurcation at $ \mathcal{R}_{0} $ and completely excludes the presence of endemic steady state when $ \mathcal{R}_{0} < 1 $. Finally, the theoretical results were explained through examples of numerical simulations.
Les femmes du Sahara algérien : rencontres, représentations et discours dans les récits viatiques et de séjour féminins français (1860-1900)
Authors: Lançon Daniel
Published: March 2024

L’étude porte sur cinq récits féminins de voyage au Sahara algérien entre 1860 et 1900, époque pionnière. Les femmes sédentaires des oasis et nomades des tentes, arabes, berbères, africaines, y sont présentées dans leurs espaces réservés en des portraits individualisés, les dialogues restitués attestant de la difficulté de la communication interculturelle, ou au sein d’un discours ethnographique orientaliste voire féministe. Les voyageuses révèlent l’oppression subie par les femmes ; l’euphémisation des très nombreuses servitudes notamment de l’esclavage persistant ; les présupposés et les rêveries sur les « races » ; un certain trouble devant le phénomène Ouled Naïl ; la supériorité des modes de vie des femmes occidentales et de la colonisation.
Les désirs sahariens d’André Gide : Construction d’une masculinité singulière au contact des femmes du désert
Authors: Aurousseau Patrick
Published: March 2024

Cette étude porte sur un ensemble de textes issus d’œuvres référentielles d’André Gide, évoquant les femmes du Sahara, avec comme grille de lecture commune l’expression de la masculinité de l’écrivain. En effet, c’est au Sahara que Gide vivra ses premières expériences homosexuelles et, en cela, il est intéressant de se demander si son sentiment de décalage par rapport à une norme sociale induit un infléchissement de son regard de voyageur européen sur les autochtones, en particulier les femmes. Nous verrons ainsi que si Gide construit un regard différent, à rebours de celui des touristes qui circulent dans le Sahara, il peine à concevoir les femmes sahariennes en égales. S’il exprime une manière singulière de regarder l’Ailleurs, c’est à la fois grâce à elles mais aussi sans elles.
Blaise Cendrars : Cabotage et traversées
Authors: Berranger Marie-Paule
Published: March 2024

L’autoportrait construit par Cendrars du poète-bourlingueur a eu plus de succès que l’image du reclus mystique qu’il lui substitue dans les années quarante. Après avoir distingué des voyages effectués les périples imaginaires, sur la mer comme au ciel, nous rappellerons les conditions matérielles des premiers voyages cendrarsiens et les attendus psychiques de son attraction pour l’Ailleurs. L’errance géographique et sociale engage, dans ses poèmes et récits comme dans ses entretiens, un imaginaire hanté par les figures du double dangereux et de la séparation nécessaire, par le désir d’altérité et de mutation. À ce titre, le Brésil joue dans son parcours intérieur un rôle majeur : trois voyages à la fin des années vingt et le recueil Feuilles de route écrit pendant la traversée de 1924 témoigneront de sa rencontre avec les poètes modernistes et d’une critique ambiguë du récit de voyage et de l’exotisme lyrique par une écriture de montage.
Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Aviation
Authors: Merlo Tereza Raquel
Published: March 2024

This book chapter offers an examination of the transformative influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the aviation sector, focusing specifically on its application in predictive maintenance for enhancing operational efficiency. Through the investigation of current research and industry trends, and the utilization of a literature review as its methodological framework, this chapter elucidates the transformative impact of AI-driven predictive maintenance strategies on aviation operations. It explores how AI algorithms analyze vast amounts of data to predict potential equipment failures, enabling proactive maintenance interventions that minimize downtime and optimize fleet performance, presenting an analysis of the implications of AI integration in aviation. Notably, the integration of AI-driven technologies in critical areas such as flight planning, predictive maintenance, and air traffic management is highlighted, showcasing the significant advancements that have reshaped the aviation landscape. Furthermore, the chapter adopts a user-centric perspective, offering a critical assessment of the challenges and considerations inherent in AI implementation in aviation. This includes examining issues pertaining to human-machine interaction, trust in AI systems, and the evolving dynamics of job roles within the industry. Overall, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview of AI's impact on aviation, offering valuable insights for aviation professionals, policymakers, and researchers seeking a deeper understanding of the profound changes driven by AI within the aviation domain.
Image Enhancement Using Holistic Transformer Super Resolution
Authors: Meganathan S. , SanthoshKumar S. , Mohamed Thasil
Published: March 2024

Higher resolution images are integral across diverse applications due to several compelling reasons. Firstly, they offer superior detail and clarity, making them indispensable in fields such as medical imaging, satellite observations, and scientific research where capturing intricate details is paramount. In medical imaging, high resolution is pivotal. Despite the advantages of high-resolution images, they are not always accessible due to the costly setup required for high-resolution imaging. Feasibility may be constrained by essential limitations in sensor optics manufacturing technology. To overcome these challenges, cost-effective deep learning methods can be employed. In this context, the proposed holistic transformer super-resolution technique aims to enhance the resolution of an image beyond its original level.
Cloud-Based Offensive Code Mixed Text Classification Using Hierarchical Attention Network
Authors: Karthik Durga , Natarajan Rajeswari , Bhavani R. , Rajalakshmi D.
Published: March 2024

The use of mixed language in social media has increased and the need of the hour is to detect abusive and offensive content. Hierarchical attention network (HAN) is employed for classifying offensive content both at word and sentence level. Data from Thinkspeak cloud tweets containing annotated Tamil and English text is used as a training set for the HAN model. The attention mechanism captures the significance from both word and sentence levels. Cross-entropy loss function and backpropagation algorithm in the model classify offensive code-mixed text with an accuracy of 0.58. The above model can be employed for classifying other mixed language text too.
Motivation for the Use of Technologies in Different University Contexts
Authors: Navarro-Martinez Oscar , Anguita-Acero Juana Maria , Pérez Francisco Javier Sanchez-Verdejo
Published: March 2024

The presence of technologies in society is constantly increasing, and the field of education cannot remain oblivious to this situation. It must integrate new technological proposals to improve the teaching and learning processes. This chapter analyses the differences shown by university students from two different environments, specific students from small towns located in rural settings and students from Madrid, the capital of Spain. Data were collected from a sample of 312 primary education teacher degree students; 221 were women and 91 were men. Motivation for the use of educational technologies is examined by their preferences regarding access to knowledge, taking into account the context in which they live and their gender. It can be concluded that university students and future teachers generally have a great motivation toward the use of technology in their learning process. However, students do it more intensely since they perceive information more visually. There is also a greater preference for students who live in an urban environment.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Authors: Singh Keshav , Srivastava Vivek Kumar , Shukla Ashish
Published: March 2024

Healthcare practitioners can access real-time recommendations and guidelines through the incorporation of AI into clinical decision support systems, improving patient care and safety. The chapter offers a thorough examination of AI and ML applications in healthcare, with a focus on its function in enhancing patient outcomes in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Healthcare has undergone a transformation because of AI and ML, which efficiently analyse massive volumes of medical data. They particularly excel in diagnostics. In interpreting medical pictures like X-rays and MRIs, AI-powered systems have shown extraordinary accuracy, resulting in early illness diagnosis and fewer diagnostic errors.
Advancements in Precision Medicine
Authors: Prabhakar Pranav Kumar
Published: March 2024

The landscape of healthcare is undergoing a profound transformation with the emergence of precision medicine, a revolutionary approach that tailors medical interventions to the unique characteristics of each individual. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in precision medicine, exploring its foundations, applications in disease diagnosis and treatment, integration of big data and artificial intelligence, as well as the ethical considerations and challenges associated with this groundbreaking field. Precision medicine is fundamentally rooted in understanding the intricate interplay between an individual's genetic makeup, molecular profile, and environmental factors. Genome sequencing and the identification of genetic markers have become instrumental in predicting, preventing, and treating diseases on a personalized level, moving away from traditional population-based approaches. In the realm of oncology, precision medicine has redefined cancer care by targeting specific genetic mutations, enabling more effective and less toxic therapies.
Advancements in Energy Harvesting
Authors: Kataria Aman , Rani Sita
Published: March 2024

Energy harvesting has emerged as a promising method for generating renewable energy, especially when combined with internet of things (IoT) technologies. This chapter provides an overview of recent developments in energy harvesting design and techniques that leverage the internet of things for eco-friendly and efficient power generation. The integration of the internet of things with energy harvesting systems has revolutionized the way in which we harvest and utilize energy from a variety of ambient sources. This chapter discusses the design considerations and innovations in energy harvesting devices that facilitate seamless integration with internet of things networks, thereby facilitating real-time monitoring, data collection, and adaptive control strategies. In addition, this chapter emphasizes the numerous advantages of employing IoT in energy harvesting systems, such as remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and intelligent energy management.
Sustainable Mobility Revolution
Authors: S. S. Sona , Lobo Arnel Ralf , Ali A.H Mohammed Hyder , Naik Sanketh C. , Badiger Manjunatha
Published: March 2024

Navigating the sustainable mobility revolution effectively requires investigating best practices and approaches to improve e-mobility's energy efficiency. The demand for environmentally friendly transportation, including a thorough analysis of cutting-edge technologies, the creation of new infrastructure, and legislative frameworks designed to maximize energy use are explored in order to increase the overall efficiency of electric vehicles. Adapting to new technologies and developments in battery science promotes the creation of electric vehicles that are more capable and efficient. Widespread acceptance of electric vehicles is facilitated by infrastructure investment, such as smart grids, which enable the smooth integration of these vehicles into current transportation systems. Sustainable mobility revolution propels innovation and employment creation in clean transportation-related industries by opening up new markets and economic opportunities. Thus, transformative experience is essential in paving the way for a future in which transportation is more sustainable and kind to the environment.
Study of Power Distribution System Resilience in the Presence of E-Mobility Ecosystems
Authors: Kumari Vandana , Ganguly Sanjib
Published: March 2024

Power distribution networks (PDNs) are most susceptible to extreme events, such as cyberattacks, hurricanes, floods, and wildfires, in a power system. Enhancing the resilience to withstand and recover after disruptive events is crucial for planners and operators of PDNs. The resilience-oriented planning and operation can enhance the resilience of PDNs. Furthermore, the significant EV integration, in recent years, provides a potential for improving resilience by restoration in PDNs. Considering the numerous studies regarding deployment of EVs for load restoration after disruptive events, this chapter provides the idea of resilience and the vulnerability of different components of PDNs due to various HILP (high impact, low probability) events. Furthermore, EV application to enhance the resilience of PDNs is reviewed with a detailed discussion of the methods, objectives, and solution strategies. In addition, a qualitative assessment of the studied literature is provided to enhance the comprehension of state-of-the-art resilience improvement methods of EV-enabled PDNs.
Voltage Control of EV-Enabled Future Power Distribution Networks
Authors: Dar Mudaser Rahman , Ganguly Sanjib
Published: March 2024

Power distribution networks are swiftly transforming into active distribution networks (ADNs) due to increasing penetration of renewables and electric vehicles. This raises concerns among distribution system operators regarding the power quality issues. Frequent over/under voltages in ADNs are some of the major issues. The advanced devices and control techniques are to be used to prevent system voltage violations to enable efficient and reliable operation. To enhance the insight and comprehension, a precise description regarding the state-of-the-art devices used for voltage control in ADNs, their models and characteristics are provided in this chapter. Various advanced control strategies used for voltage control under different operation scenarios to highly uncertain future power networks are systematically presented, along with their merits and limitations. Finally, a voltage control approach based on dual-stage model predictive control framework is presented and tested on modified 33-bus distribution network to study the voltage control capabilities of PVs and EV charging stations.
A Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Naik Sanketh C. , Ali A. H. Mohammed Hyder , Lobo Arnel Ralf , S. S. Sona , Badiger Manjunatha
Published: March 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) are crucial for long-term resource management, combating climate change, and enhancing energy efficiency. They significantly reduce harmful emissions, addressing challenges like greenhouse gas escalation and fossil fuel depletion. Exploring EVs involves analyzing their ecological footprint, energy efficiency, and addressing challenges like range anxiety and charging infrastructure. Beyond environmental benefits, EVs offer reduced emissions and potential integration with renewables, promoting overall sustainability. Advances in battery technology and EV design address concerns, ensuring continuous evolution. The chapter expands to social and economic implications, including job creation, lowered healthcare costs, and improved air quality. Global policy initiatives and case studies highlight growing global acceptance, emphasizing EVs' transformative potential in reshaping transportation for environmental sustainability and global energy conservation.
Ensuring Privacy and Security in Machine Learning
Authors: Velammal  , Aarthy N.
Published: March 2024

Modern systems generate vast amounts of data, creating complex data networks. Users prioritize the safety, security, and privacy of their data. This project focuses on efficiently removing or erasing data from the machine learning model upon user request, addressing privacy concerns. Under GDPR, users can request the deletion of sensitive data from both user records and the machine learning model that has processed the data. Additionally, the project employs the SISA approach to address errors and attacks by dividing the dataset into shards and implementing a slice-based ensemble learning technique. Each shard functions as an independent model, and after training, a majority voting approach aggregates these models into a final model. Experimental results demonstrate reduced retraining costs, as only the remaining slices are retrained instead of the entire model.
The Evolution of AI and Data Science
Authors: Anurag A. S.
Published: March 2024

The history of artificial intelligence (AI) and data science has their origins in the 1940s and 1950s respectively. However, it has been through many changes throughout its history. AI is a vast and fascinating subject. There are many more elements to discover and understand. This chapter aims to outline the history of AI and data science, from its origin to its current developments. It will also explore the ethical considerations within AI and data science, such as bias and fairness, transparency, data privacy, etc. In the end, the chapter sheds light on the ethical concerns regarding the implementation of AI and the security concerns that data science poses. The chapter also provides insights into the role of individuals, government, and society in mitigating these issues. This chapter aims to furnish the reader with the scientific foundation and essential understanding required for embarking on the journey to comprehend the realm of artificial intelligence and data science.
The Impact of 5G on the Future Development of the Healthcare Industry
Authors: Srivastava Saurabh , Verma Harish Chandra , Ahaq Syed Adnan , Faisal Mohammad , Ahmed Tasneem
Published: March 2024

A 5G network can enable services like real-time remote patient monitoring and the distribution of huge files, including medical data for e-health systems. The internet of things (IoT), sensors, and other cutting-edge technologies will be used in the future to identify patients' illnesses and offer advice on how to treat them. The popularity of electric health care is increasing day by day, there are many applications available that can be used by the patient for routine checkups from the smartphone. Patients' private information is taken at the time of application downloads such as name, gender, and age is used by the application to increase its accuracy, as well as, the results of routine checkups are stored on the application's server (storage). The stored data can be used in different kinds of promotions. Hence, hackers are trying to steal information from users for their benefit and the IoT-based applications are not so reliable in terms of security.
From Automation to Optimization
Authors: Bhanushali Mahesh Manohar , Bhardwaj Sushil , Singh Nishant Kumar , Vijayalakshmi P. , Mazumdar Nilanjan , Acharjee Purnendu Bikash
Published: March 2024

Automation and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping modern business operations. This evolution has historical roots, with a growing emphasis on efficiency and cost reduction. AI's transformative role in supply chain optimization is evident through key technologies and applications, which empower businesses to make data-driven decisions, enhance customer experiences, and reduce costs. Real-world examples illustrate how companies leverage AI to streamline operations and deliver products and services with precision.
Genetic diversity among genotypes of Parkia platycephala (Benth.), a typical tree of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Raiane  de Sousa , Costa Gérson do Nascimento , Silva Raimundo Nonato Oliveira , Lima Paulo Sarmanho da Costa , Araújo Neto Raimundo  Bezerra de , Lopes Ângela Celis de Almeida , Martins Francielle Alline
Published: March 2024

Parkia platycephala (Fabaceae) is a useful tree. The leaves are rich in protein, fiber and minerals and are good quality, low-cost fodder for animals, making it a great option for animal feed during the dry season in Northeast Brazil. In addition, wood is used in small buildings and as fuel. With the aim of exploring genetic variation within the species, we have assessed the molecular and morpho-agronomic characteristics of 10 accessions (F1 - F10) of the species originating from the same location and maintained in the Forage Collection at Embrapa Meio Norte. Clustering analyses based on the amplicons generated by 12 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and on 36 qualitative/quantitative markers separated the accessions into two groups, the constituents of which were dependent on the characteristics considered. The most divergent genotypes according to ISSR analysis were F3 and F8. Morpho-agronomic analysis identified F2 and F7 as the most divergent, while the traits that contributed most (36.5%) to total diversity were, in order of importance, mature inflorescence length, stem length, immature inflorescence width, seed weight and pedicel length. The results revealed that there is sufficient genetic variability among the studied accessions. These accessions with greater diversity are candidates for actions that promote the conservation, domestication and genetic improvement of the species.
Cytogenotoxic potential of Malva parviflora L. cultivated under different light conditions
Authors: Böck Cássia Becker , Hister Carmine Aparecida Lenz , Tedesco Solange Bosio
Published: March 2024

For many centuries, the treatment with medicinal plants was the only means accessible to various ethnic groups, and nowadays plants are still widely used in the treatment of diseases, besides being the raw material for several drugs. However, many of these plants may present unknown genotoxic effects, making their consumption a health risk. Species such as Malva parviflora L. have been used by the general population for medicinal purposes: antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant. This study had the objective of analyzing the cytogenotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of this Malva species using the Allium cepa test, which serves as a bioindicator of the genotoxicity of plant extracts. Forty-four seedlings of M. parviflora were grown for 36 days between November and December 2020, in a greenhouse in two groups: half of the plants were protected with a shading screen, and the rest were not. The aqueous extracts were prepared from the aerial part and roots (fresh and dehydrated), at the concentration of 5 g L-¹. The bulbs of A. cepa were left for 24 hours in the treatments, plus the negative (distilled water) and positive (glyphosate 1.5%) treatments. The roots of the bulbs were collected, placed in the fixative for 24 hours, transferred to 70% alcohol, and stored in a refrigerator. The slides were prepared by the crushing technique, and cells in the division and with chromosome alteration were analyzed, mitotic and genotoxic index were calculated, and statistical analysis was done by the Chi-square and Scott-Knott tests. From the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the aqueous extracts of M. parviflora at a concentration of 5 g L-¹ present antiproliferative activity, but are not genotoxic. The cultivation mode is relevant, that is, with and without shading the fresh leaves present a difference in cell proliferation, but the same does not occur with the dried leaves.
Diet composition of a native fish species in a neotropical lentic environment
Authors: Silva Natália Luiza da , Pagliarini Cibele Diogo , Kliemann Bruna Caroline Kotz , Ramos Julia Kaori Kuriyama , Bonfim Vinicius Cesar do , Brandão Heleno , Ramos Igor Paiva
Published: March 2024

Native species are important to the dynamics of aquatic environments. Studies that seek to understand the basic biology of these species provide information on the species and the dynamics of the natural environment. We characterized the diet, feeding habits, and trophic niche breadth of the native species Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) in neotropical lentic environments. Collections were carried out in July 2018 at two sampling points (lagoons) located in the São Francisco Falso River and the Corvo River using gill nets. Stomach content was analyzed, and food items were separated, identified, and quantified using the volumetric method. PERMANOVA analysis was performed to evaluate possible differences in diet between the lagoons. Furthermore, PERMDISP was used to test the trophic niche breadth. Fifteen food items were recorded in the São Francisco lagoon, with the most consumed items being detritus, Diptera (larvae and pupa), and Odonata (nymph). Seven food items were recorded in the Corvo lagoon, with detritus being the most consumed. There was no difference in diet composition and trophic niche breadth between the evaluated lagoons. For both lagoons studied, the species was determined to be a detritivore feeding habit, given its diet's predominant consumption of detritus. The detritivore classification may be related to environmental conditions, food availability, and functional morphology. We also observed the presence of microplastics in the stomachs of some specimens, demonstrating anthropic influence on aquatic environments. Our study contributes to bettering knowledge on this species, and consequently the conservation of the species. It can also serve as a basis for conducting future scientific studies, along with developing the area of study related to Brazilian fish ecology.
Chlorophyllin attenuates the effects of benzo[a]pyrene in human hepatoma HepG2/C3A cells
Authors: D´Epiro Gláucia Fernanda Rocha , Semprebon Simone Cristine , Niwa Andressa Megumi , Marques Lilian Areal , Biazi Bruna Isabela , Zanetti Thalita Alves , Felicidade Ingrid , Baranoski Adrivanio , Mantovani Mário Sérgio
Published: March 2024

Chlorophyllin, a semisynthetic compound derived from chlorophyll, has been a focus in cancer prevention because it exerts important biological activities, such as antigenotoxic, antioxidative and anticarcinogenic activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorophyllin against benzo[a]pyrene toxicity in HepG2/C3A cells. Cells were co-treated (chlorophyllin plus benzo[a]pyrene) and the cell viability, cell growth kinetics, cell cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated. The mRNA levels of cell cycle and apoptotic genes were analyzed. Our results showed that chlorophyllin reduce the antiproliferative effects of benzo[a]pyrene in a multi-specific manner, restoring the normal distribution of the cell cycle and inhibiting the cell death induced by the xenobiotic. Gene expression analysis showed that benzo[a]pyrene decreased the mRNA levels of genes involved in cell cycle control (cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases) and apoptosis. Cells co-treated with 200 µM of chlorophyllin and benzo[a]pyrene also showed a downregulation of mRNA levels of the genes, but the expression levels of the gene that encodes to tumor protein p53 were maintained near to control. Thus, chlorophyllin is a good candidate as a chemoprotective agent that mitigates the cytotoxic effects benzo[a]pyrene and, thus, might be a promising tool to prevent liver cancer.
Fauna of metazoan parasites of Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) sold at fairs in the city of Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Caracciolo Makoto Enoki , Porto Daniel  Brito , Mourão Maria Paula , Malta José Celso de Oliveira , Souza Wanderley de
Published: March 2024

Pterygoplichthys pardalis is an endemic as well as economically important fish species in the Amazon basin. Thirty P. pardalis specimens were purchased at assorted fairs in the city of Manaus. Fish were necropsied, and then, had their organs investigated for parasites. The identified parasites were observed under Light bright field microscopy and that of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Through the analyses it was observed 219 metazoan parasite specimens, belonging to four taxonomic groups: Monogenoidea, Digenea, Acanthocephala, and Copepoda. Six metazoan parasitic species were identified: Monogenoidea Unilatus unilatus Mizelle and Kritsky, 1967 and Copepoda Therodamas elongatus (Thatcher, 1986) from the gills, Digenea Austrodiplostomum compactum (Lutz, 1928), Megacoelium spinicavum Szidat, 1954 and Diplostomum sp. from the eyes, stomach, and gonads, respectively, and Acanthocephala Gorytocephalus elongorchis Thatcher, 1979 from the intestine. Gorytocephalus elongorchis was the one presenting the highest prevalence value, followed by digeneans M. spinicavum, Diplostomum sp., and A. compactum. The present study has come to provide the very first SEM M. spinicavum, G. elongorchis, and T. elongatus images, thus improving on the up to now available data addressing P. pardalis parasitic fauna, which has been found to be infecting, the fish species presently being marketed in Manaus. Moreover, the current survey has demonstrated the identified parasite species pose no public health concern at all.
Importance of land use and rainfall in the dynamics of the Caatinga vegetation cover in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Araujo Lucas Nunes de , Silva Fernanda Kelly Gomes da , Medeiros Maria Betânia Ribeiro Gonçalves , Trovão Dilma Maria de Brito Melo
Published: March 2024

Many factors, such as climate, land use, and cultural and social aspects, influence the vegetation cover dynamics. We aimed to analyze the vegetation cover dynamics in three municipalities of the Brazilian semi-arid region (Aroeiras, Boqueirão, and Congo, state of Paraíba, Brazil) and to check for the influence of land use and inter-annual variations in rainfall. We selected 18 Landsat satellite images between 1995 and 2017. We performed supervised classification based on pre-established regions of interest: Closed or conserved vegetation, Sparse or disturbed vegetation, Exposed soil, Water bodies, clouds, and shadows, according to color, shape, and texture criteria. In addition, we collected data from the IBGE's Agricultural Census and annual rainfall. Variations in land use and rainfall variations worked synergistically on vegetation cover dynamics. In the municipality of Congo, very wet years were associated with higher percentages of closed vegetation and decreased soil exposure. High percentages of land use were related to a higher cover of sparse vegetation and exposed soil. In Boqueirão, we observed the opposite phenomenon, with drier years associated with higher percentages of closed vegetation and exposed soil. In Aroeiras, we identified no clear relationship between rainfall and variations in vegetation cover. Similar to that observed in the other municipalities, the abandonment of agricultural and cattle ranching activities increased dense vegetation. Our results show that the analysis of land use and vegetation cover dynamics in the semi-arid region represents a complex task ranging from regional factors, such as climate, characterized by inter-annual rainfall variations, to local factors, such as land use intensity and demographic/social aspects.
Naturaleza y comunidad. Alianzas cosmopoéticas y cosmopolíticas con la tierra desde San Cristóbal – Colombia
Authors: Parra-Valencia Liliana , Fernandes Saulo , Consejo Comunitario de Comunidades Negras Eladio Ariza
Published: March 2024

Compartimos las reflexiones sobre naturaleza y comunidad producto del proyecto de investigación sobre la relación con la naturaleza en comunidades afrodescendientes (Colombia-Brasil). Se trata de una investigación cualitativa descriptiva, que sigue metodologías participativas y colaborativas, a partir de entrevistas, recorridos por el territorio, conversaciones cotidianas, expresiones musicales y observación participante; con consejeras, consejeros, médicos tradicionales, músicos y bailarinas de son de negro y bullerengue, de la comunidad San Cristóbal (Bolívar-Colombia). Construimos tres categorías sobre la relación con la naturaleza: ella lo es todo; animales, plantas y cotidianidad; y, canto, baile y naturaleza. Estar con la comunidad posibilita producir psicologías que habitan otras humanidades y formas de existencia no antropocentradas. En un intercambio común y cotidiano, capaz de poetizar la vida, entonar versos y canciones, y escuchar la primera música, desde alianzas cosmopoéticas y cosmopolíticas con la tierra.
Modification of Drag and Lift Balance at Analog Wind Tunnel for Identification of Aerodynamic Performance
Authors: Sarjito Sarjito , Junaidin Buyung , Wijayanto Bambang
Published: March 2024

The development of drag and lift balance aimed to modify and creating a measuring instrument that may be used in the field of aerodynamics or in testing aerodynamic properties. This measurement is in the form of wind speed on an object model such as airfoils, building models and automotive technology. This design uses an open circuit wind tunnel with a low turbulence subsonic type, with a maximum air speed of 30 m/s. The exsisting wind tunnel still uses an analogue measuring instrument which is then modify in a digital arduino-based for drag and lift balance measuring instrument with a drag and lift sensor maximum load of 1kg (v=30m/s) and maximum air speed of 50m/s. The Measuring instrument is calibrated using a 1kg weight test equipment for testing with the test object model (spherical, hemispherical, cylindrical, cube) and three types of airfoil models. The test results are in the form of drag coefficient (Cd) and lift coefficient (CL). The coefficient of drag is greatest in the cube shape and lowest in the sphere, but will decrease in value at a speed of 20 m/s. In the airfoil, the values ​​of Cd and CL have the same trend with the literature with an uncertainty value of less than 10%. The value of CL / Cd will increase as the angle of attack increases, but can very significantly depending on the fluid, airfoil, and aircraft type.
Ferrite (Fe) Doping in Strontium Titanate (SrTi1-xFexO3) to Improve Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Ardi Emelia Kristin Apriliana , Iriani Yofentina , Fasquelle Didier
Published: March 2024

This research investigated the Fe doping effects on the Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) structure to improve its photocatalytic activity. The so-called Fe-doped STO photocatalysts with a stoichiometry formula of SrTi1-xFexO3 (x = 0, 0.01, and 0.05) were successfully fabricated using the coprecipitation method. The XRD characterization confirmed the formation of STO, SrTi0.99Fe0.01O3, and SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3 photocatalysts and the shrinkage crystallite size due to increasing Fe content. The FTIR characterization supported the XRD results, where all samples revealed Sr-Ti-O bonds with no observed Fe-O bonds indicating the successful fabrication and doping. The photocatalytic activity was examined by the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under UV light for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 irradiation times, and the absorbance was determined using a Spectrophotometer instrument. All samples have successfully degraded MB dye where the %degradation linearly increased with longer irradiation times. The results further exhibited that the SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3 sample had the highest %degradation at 75.3% while SrTi0.99Fe0.01O3 samples achieved the highest kinetic rate at 0.2557 min-1. All Fe-doped samples revealed better photocatalytic activity than the undoped STO, proving that Fe doping could improve the photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3.