bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experimental study of plastic strain localization in the AMg6 alloy under various types of dynamic loads
Authors: Sokovikov M. A , Oborin V. A , Chudinov V. V , Uvarov S. V , Naimark O. B
Published: April 2023

This study is concerned with substantiation of one of the mechanisms of plastic strain localization under high rate loading associated with discontinuous processes in the defect structure of materials. To this end, a series of experiments were carried out to study the localization of plastic strain in specimens of the AMg6 alloy subject to high rate loads on a split Hopkinson-Kolsky bar and during target perforation tests. The temperature fields generated during the plastic deformation tests aimed to identify the characteristic stages of strain localization were investigated "in-situ" using a high-speed infrared camera CEDIP Silver 450M. The values of temperatures in the strain localization zone indicate that in the AMg6 alloy subject to dynamic loads the mechanism of strain localization caused by thermoplastic instability is not realized. After testing of specially-shaped specimens, their surface relief was explored using an optical interferometer-profilometer NewView-5010 with a subsequent processing of the obtained 3D data of the deformation relief and computation of the scale invariant (Hurst exponent) and the spatial scale of the region displaying a correlated behavior of mesodefects. The results of experimental studies on dynamic loading with a subsequent investigation of the temperature fields, the study of the surface relief of deformed specimens suggest that one of the mechanisms of plastic strain localization in the AMg6 alloy under the realized loading conditions is caused by jump processes in the defect structure of the material.
Effect of plastic compressibility on the strain rate intensity factor in compression of a material layer between parallel plates
Authors: Lyamina E. A , Novozhilova O. V
Published: April 2023

Solutions of boundary value problems for several rigid plastic models may be singular. In particular, some components of the strain rate tensor and the quadratic invariant of the strain rate tensor may approach infinity in the vicinity of certain surfaces. Some models for predicting the high gradient of material properties near frictional surfaces in metal forming processes are based on such behavior of the velocity field. The coefficient of the leading singular term in a series expansion of the quadratic invariant of the strain rate tensor in the vicinity of frictional interfaces is called the strain rate intensity factor. The magnitude of the second invariant of the strain rate tensor is controlled by this factor that depends on geometric parameters of the boundary value problem and parameters involved in the material model. The present paper deals with the effect of plastic compressibility of the material that obeys the double shearing model on the strain rate intensity factor in compression of a plastic layer between two parallel plates. The system of equations comprising the equilibrium equations and constitutive equations is hyperbolic. It is assumed that the surface of the contact between the plates and the deforming material is an envelope of characteristics. An analytic solution of the boundary value problem is found under plane strain deformation. End effects near the free surface of the layer and its center are ignored. The dependence of the strain rate intensity factor on parameters of the boundary value problem including the parameter that controls plastic compressibility is found. In case of the plastically incompressible material, the solution coincides with the available solution.
Simultaneous identification of mechanical properties of functionally graded plates under the Kirchhoff and Tymoshenko models
Authors: Bogachev I. V
Published: April 2023

The paper presents models of deformation of functional-gradient round plates in the framework of the hypotheses of Kirchhoff and Timoshenko. Based on the equations of oscillations and boundary conditions obtained earlier using the Hamilton - Ostrogradsky variational principle, the formulations of problems in a cylindrical coordinate system are written, taking into account the variability of the functions of cylindrical stiffness and density along the radial coordinate. The plates was considered rigidly clamped along the edge. The case of steady-state vibrations caused by a load applied to the surface was considered. A scheme for solving direct problems calculating vibrations of plates based on the Galerkin method is constructed. An analysis of the influence of the functions of cylindrical stiffness and density on the amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC, acoustic response) was carried out, which revealed that both functions significantly affect the AFC, and the greatest influence is observed in the vicinity of resonant frequencies. The results of the analysis made it possible to formulate new inverse problems of simultaneous identification of the functions of cylindrical stiffness and density of an inhomogeneous circular plate using additional information about the acoustic response for both hypotheses. To solve them, a special projection technique was built, based on the expansion of unknown functions of mechanical characteristics, as well as dynamic quantities (functions of deflection and angle of rotation of the normal) in terms of some systems of linearly independent functions that satisfy the boundary conditions. The coefficients of these expansions are determined from the solution of special systems of linear and nonlinear equations obtained from the formulated weak statements of both problems. As a result, it is possible to identify the desired characteristics in the given classes of functions. The identification results are illustrated with a set of computational experiments for various functions.
Theories of plasticity under complex loading along spatial trajectories of deformations
Authors: Bondar V. S , Abashev D. R , Fomin D. Ju
Published: April 2023

Variants of theories of plastic flow with combined hardening, which are widely used in practical calculations of structures, are considered. A comparative analysis of variants of the theory under complex loading along the spatial trajectories of deformations of constant and variable curvature and torsion is carried out. The trajectories of large curvature and from medium to large torsion are considered. The analysis of the research results is carried out in the vector space of A.A. Il’yushin. The spatial trajectories of deformations in the form of helical lines of constant and variable curvature are considered. The calculation results are compared with the results of experimental studies on the response components of the stress vector and scalar properties along the deformation trajectory. Variants of the theory are considered: the Ishlinsky - Prager - Kadashevich - Novozhilov model (linear kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening); the Shabosh model with three evolutionary Armstrong - Frederick - Kadashevich equations; Themis model based on the invariant theory of plasticity; Bondar model with a three-term transformation of the evolutionary equation for kinematic hardening. Material parameters (functions) that close versions of the theory of plasticity are given. Satisfactory agreement with the experiment for all trajectories of deformations is achived when calculating on the basis of the Shabosh model - the difference between the results of calculations and experiments does not exceed 30 %. The best agreement with the experiment is achieved on the basis of the Bondar model - the difference between the results of calculations and experiments for all trajectories does not exceed 10 %. The Bondar Model is closed by three material parameters and one material function which are determined from simple experiments on uniaxial tension after preliminary compression (kink of the deformation trajectory by 180°). Bondar plasticity model has a generalization for non-isothermal loading, many features of cyclic disproportionate and proportional loading and describes the processes of damage accumulation (resource).
Investigation of the features of crystallization of granules of high-strength aluminum alloys of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system at ultra-high cooling rates
Authors: Zharov M. V
Published: April 2023

The article presents the results of studies of the process of obtaining granular materials from high-strength aluminum alloys of the Al - Zn - Mg - Cu system by centrifugation of the melt with ultra-high cooling rates of granules. The concept of a «steam jacket» is introduced, namely, a steam layer that occurs between the granule body and the cooling liquid, which prevents the intensity of heat removal and is an obstacle to increasing the crystallization rate due to the lower thermal conductivity of water vapor. It is established that the formation of a vapor layer always occurs due to the heating of the cooling liquid in contact with the melt drop to boiling temperatures and the transition of the cooler from the liquid phase to steam. The technology of increasing the rate of crystallization of granules due to the constant removal of the vapor layer is proposed. The removal (knocking down) of the vapor shell that occurs around the drop occurs due to the high speed of the drop movement in the cooling medium. Fundamentally important in the industrial implementation of this technology is not so much the design of the device for obtaining pellets by centrifugation of the melt, namely, the high required rotation speed of the spraying crucible of the device under consideration. The results of experimental data are presented to determine the necessary rotation speed of the perforated cup, which ensures the creation of a sufficient initial velocity of the drop movement, leading to a constant churning of the «steam jacket». It is determined that an increase in the rates of heat removal from the crystallized granules and, as a result, an increase in the crystallization rate leads to an increase in the strength characteristics of granular aluminum alloys of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system. In particular, in the production of pressed semi-finished products from alloys of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system, such as B95, B96c. the increase in the strength characteristics of the material of the press products is up to 15 % compared to the same granular materials obtained by traditional methods with industrial crystallization rates of melt droplets. It is established that this method, based on the removal of the vapor layer around the formed granule, is the only possible one for further increasing the cooling rate and, as a result, the crystallization rate. Reducing the size of granules to the size of powders leads to serious technological problems in the further consolidation of granules and, in fact, is a dead end branch of the further development of granulation methods.
Modeling of the elastoplastic deformation process of single crystal superalloys
Authors: Grishchenko A. I , Semenov A. S
Published: April 2023

The aim of the research is the development and verification of a micromechanically motivated model of elastoplastic deformation of two-phase single-crystal nickel-based alloys, predicting behavior under high-temperature thermomechanical actionswith taking into account the presence of γ and γ' phases. The model is relevant for computations of the stress-strain state of cooled single crystal blades of gas turbine units. The constitutive equations for each of the phases took into account the anisotropy of elastic and plastic properties, the presence of octahedral slip systems, features of the cubic system, and various hardening mechanisms, including kinematic, isotropic and latent ones. The identification of the elastic and plastic constants of the material for the γ and γ 'phases was carried out on the basis of the known stress-strain curves for each phase. The determination of the effective properties and deformation diagrams of a two-phase single-crystal alloy, taking into account the presence of γ-γ'phases, was carried out both on the basis of finite element homogenization for the representative volume element, and using the simplest rheological (structural) models of the material, considering serial and parallel connection of phases. The dependences of the elastoplastic properties of two-phase single-crystal nickel-based alloys on the volume fraction of the γ'phase are determined by computational experiments and analytical estimates. In order to determine the optimal strategy for solving the class of problems under consideration, multivariant computational experiments were carried out for various types of boundary conditions of the homogenization problem, the number of periodicity cells, forms of inclusion of the γ'phase, volume fractions of the γ' phase, types of hardening, variants of rheological models and appropriate recommendations were given. The simulation results using the proposed two-level microstructural model of the material demonstrate a good agreement with the experimental data for the single-crystal superalloy CMSX-4.
Vibrations of a strip with delamination in the framework of the one-parameter Aifantis model of gradient elasticity theory
Authors: Vatulyan A. O , Yavruyan O. V
Published: April 2023

The problems on in-plane and anti-planar steady-state vibrations of an isotropic elastic strip with delamination at the lower boundary has been investigated. The goal of the study is to analyze the stress-strain state in the crack tips areas and to construct a crack opening function being the main mechanical characteristics in the crack theory problems. The problems under study have been solved in the framework of the nonclassical gradient elasticity theory (GET) on the basis of the one-parameter model proposed by Aifantis. The boundary integral equations (BIE) are obtained with respect to crack opening functions or their derivatives. The analysis of BIEs is carried out, regular and irregular parts are distinguished, the obtained BIEs with singular (e.g., with hypersingular, with cubic singularity) integrals are solved via collocation methods, approximating Chebyshev polynomials, quadrature formulas for singular integrals. For the in-plane problem solution, the simplified Ru-Aifantis method has been applied. The Ru-Aifantis method allows to divide the initial boundary value problem into two sub-problems - the classical linear elasticity theory (LTE) problem and the simplified boundary value problem for finding the gradient solution which includes the solution found via the classical theory. For each of the problems, semi-analytical expressions for the functions of crack opening have been constructed, and the analysis of the stress-strain state in the area of crack tips has been carried out. The problems have also been solved in the case of a crack with small relative length, the analysis of BIE depending on small parameters ratio has been carried out, and explicit expressions for the crack opening functions have been obtained. Numerical calculations have been performed; the applicability conditions for the asymptotic method are determined, and a comparative analysis of the results obtained on the basis of GET and LTE models, depending on the values of the gradient parameter and the delamination length, is realized.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A THIN ADHESION LAYER ON THE COMPOSITE STRENGTH. PART 1. ELASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors: Bogacheva V. E , Glagolev V. V , Glagolev L. V , Markin A. A
Published: April 2023

The problem of deformation of a DCB sample, which is a composition of bodies bound by an adhesive layer of finite thickness, is considered. Based on the variational equilibrium equation containing the layer thickness as a linear parameter, a finite element solution of the problem of loading the layer with a normal discontinuity in the plane strain state is constructed. The stresses averaged over the layer thickness are related to the stresses along the layer boundary by the equilibrium equations. The boundary stresses of the layer form the boundary conditions for the mating bodies. In the layer, along with shear stresses, stresses orthogonal to shear are also taken into account. The constitutive relations in the layer are represented in terms of average stresses. With a significant difference in the Young's moduli of the adhesive and mating bodies, the convergence of the value of the J-integral with a decrease in the layer thickness is shown. To find the J-integral, its representation is used as a product of the specific free energy at the end of the layer and its thickness. It has been established that the Poisson's ratio of the bodies affects the value of the J-integral, and the Poisson's ratio of the adhesive layer has almost no effect on the value of the J-integral. Using the theory of plates Mindlin - Reisner at zero Poisson's ratio of the adhesive, an analytical representation of the J-integral is obtained. The representation includes energy terms related to the pull-off stress and the axial stress in the layer. In this case, the term associated with the axial stress in the layer is proportional to the square of the ratio of the Young's moduli of the adhesive layer and the bodies mating with it. From the solution obtained, it follows that the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer with a small thickness compared to bodies do not affect the value of the J-integral if the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer is significantly less than the elastic modulus of the mating bodies. Thus, the use of replacing the adhesive layer with a layer of zero thickness is correct under these restrictions.
INFLUENCE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITHPYROCARBON MATRIX
Authors: Magnitskaya M. V. , Magnitsky I. V. , Tashchilov S. V. , Tsvetkov D. A.
Published: April 2023

Pyrolytic compaction of porous substrates is one of the methods for obtaining carbon-carbon composite materials. When using such materials at high temperatures, for example, as elements of heaters, it is necessary to take into account the effect of high temperatures on their mechanical characteristics. In this work, the influence of high-temperature treatment on me-chanical characteristics was studied and the mechanism of destruction of samples of the mate-rial "Argolon GR" produced by JSC "Composite" was considered. It is shown that with an in-crease in the processing temperature from 1800 to 2400 °C, the open porosity of the samples increases in proportion to the increase in the number and size of cracks in the samples. The compressive failure stress depends very weakly on temperature, however, the graph of the corresponding dependence clearly shows its slight decrease with an increase in the processing temperature from 2000 to 2400 °C, which corresponds to the accumulation of damage in the material matrix that reduces its strength. Attention is drawn to a significant increase in the ten-sile strength of the material after high-temperature treatment, which is not typical for carbon-carbon composite materials. The dependence of the breaking stress in tension with an increase in the processing temperature for material samples has a pronounced maximum at 2000 °C. The analysis of the change in impact strength, the roughness parameter of the fracture surface of the samples, and the breaking stress in tension showed that the dominant mechanism during fracture is the mechanism of strength increase associated with the violation of the compatibility condition of deformations in the components of the material, while the effect of thermal stress relaxation is very small.
REFINED DISCRETE METHOD FOR CALCULATING STIFFENED ORTHOTROPIC SHELLS
Authors: Semenov A. A.
Published: April 2023

The author proposes a refined discrete method for taking into account stiffeners in the simulationof thin-walled shell structures. According to the method, it is necessary to add different reduction factors along different coordinate axes. For ribs directed perpendicular to the considered direction, a reduction factor is introduced equal to the ratio of the width of the ribs in this direction to the linear size of the shell in the considered direction. This method supplements the previously developed geometrically nonlinear mathematical model, which takes into account transverse shears and material orthotropy. The model is written as a functional of the total potential strain energy and can be used for different types of shells by specifying the Lame parameters and the radii of principal curvatures. The computational algorithm is based on the Ritz method and the method of continuation of the solution with respect to the best parameter. The software imple-mentation was carried out in the Maple software package. The applicability of the refined discrete method is shown by the example of orthotropic shallow shells of double curvature, simply supported along the contour and under the action of an external uniformly distributed transverse load. Material parameters were selected for T-10/UPE22-27 and 0/90 Woven Roving E-Glass/Vinyl Ester fiberglass. A comparison was made of the values of critical buckling loads for different stiffening options (a grid of ribs from 0 to 12 ribs in each direction) and a comparison of the values with the conventional discrete method, which showed that with the conventional discrete method, the values of buckling loads are significantly overestimated, especially with an increase in the number stiffening ribs. Comparison of the results of the test problem with the results of experiments obtained by other authors showed good agreement between the refined discrete method.
O CANCELAMENTO VIRTUAL E A RESPONSABILDIADE CIVIL PELA VEICULAÇÃO DA IMAGEM NO CASO KAROL CONKÁ
Authors: Maia Larissa Fernandes , Brasil Deilton Ribeiro
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo tem como objeto principal identificar os impactos jurídicos do cancelamento virtual no direito à honra de Karol Conká, que foi violado após a vinculação de sua imagem ao Big Brother Brasil 21.O objetivo principal da pesquisa é apurar resultados ocasionados pelo cancelamento mediante a violação da honra que foi desconstruída, rompendo a imagem de empoderamento e exemplo social. Como objetivo específico seria o de analisar o caso concreto da rapper e os efeitos jurídicos englobados ao cancelamento que acarretou a desfiguração de sua imagem, além da reflexão à punição frente as dificuldades em retornar à sua vida pública, devido aos efeitos da repressão. O procedimento metodológico adotado foi o qualitativo com intenção de analisar os fenômenos  ocorridos. Como exemplo a redução dos seguidores e prejuízos financeiros, perante a repercussão causada à Karoline; analisar informações em noticiários e mensagens de ódio que contribuíram com o cancelamento; relatar sobre seu documentário após o programa e os traumas sofridos. Possibilitando a precisão da pesquisa pelo método de abordagem indutivo, mediante procedimento de estudo de caso anterior e posterior a participação de Karol no BBB21, a fim de fortalecer a identificação dos impactos jurídicos advindos do cancelamento virtual. Por  fim, conclui-se em razão do estudo, a responsabilidade civil da rede de transmissão como pivô da grande repercussão do ódio, além da negligencia aos ataques sofridos por Karol, acentuando sua imagem de vilã, visando monetização devido à grande audiência que assegurava.
LA EXPERIMENTACIÓN CIENTÍFICA CON CÉLULAS MADRE EMBRIONARIAS: ANÁLISIS EN EL ORDENAMIENTO JURÍDICO CUBANO
Authors: Sánchez Alcides Francisco Antúnez , Pérez Manuel Felipe Ledea , Vázquez Ana Elisa Gorgoso
Published: April 2023

Las células madre embrionarias aplicadas en los tratamientos dentro de la medicina genética ha tenido diversos dilemas éticos, como la obtención de células madre adultas, ha contribuido a la disminución de los conflictos. Por lo que deben adoptarse precauciones al diseñar sus estudios en sujetos humanos, seguir las normas internacionales y buscar siempre el bienestar de los pacientes como fin. Va a constituir hitos en el desarrollo de la medicina en unión a la genética médica. Para ello, se analiza cómo se ejecuta la experimentación científica con células madre embrionarias en el sistema de salud cubano, de cómo es su reconocimiento legal dentro del ordenamiento jurídico de la salud, que permita demostrar la necesidad de su actualización normativa en la actualización del modelo económico y social.
Editorial
Authors: Crippa Anelise
Published: April 2023

Temos a alegria de lançar mais um número da revista Justiça Sociedade. A revista é vinculada à Faculdade de Direito do Centro Universitário Metodista – IPA e publicada pela editora do periódico e pela Editora Universitária do IPA.
O TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNACIONAL E OS CRIMES PREVISTOS NO ESTATUTO DE ROMA DE 1998: OS CASOS BOLSONARO E PUTIN E A (IN) COMPETÊNCIA DO TPI PARA JULGÁ-LOS.
Authors: Rodrigues Júlia De Almeida , Aveline Ricardo Strauch
Published: April 2023

O presente trabalho de conclusão busca tratar especificamente, de toda a história responsável pela criação do Tribunal Penal Internacional, bem como sua estrutura, seus princípios basilares e crimes de sua competência, conforme o Estatuto de Roma. O Tribunal Penal Internacional teve criação a partir de um compilado dos Tribunais Militares criados em situações de extrema barbárie humana, como em Nuremberg (1945), no Extremo Oriente (1946), a Antiga Jugoslávia/Iugoslávia (1993) e Ruanda (1994). Nascendo da extrema necessidade de uma justiça imparcial para julgar, de forma complementar, os quatro crimes previstos no Estatuto de Roma, evitando, assim, a impunidade de pessoas que cometam graves crimes contra a humanidade. Possui função de evitar porto seguro a criminosos poderosos que são capazes de intimidar autoridades judiciais nos seus Estados de origem, fazendo com que os graves crimes não sejam levados à justiça ou terminem sendo absolvidos em contradição às provas produzidas. O Estatuto de Roma possui estrutura, princípios, competências e penas específicas, sendo uma coligação dos sistemas jurídicos das maiores potências. Interessa identificar o funcionamento e as competências deste tribunal para analisar a aplicabilidade em casos práticos como o de Jair Messias Bolsonaro e Vladimir Putin.
Risk Factors for Patients with Gonococcal Urethritis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in 2013–2019
Authors: Achdiat Pati Aji , Ginting Jefferson Basta Erguna , Chrysanti Chrysanti
Published: April 2023

Background: Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted infection in Southeast Asia. Many factors cause gonococcal urethritis, and each region has its characteristics. This study aimed to determine the risk factors among patients with gonococcal urethritis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a retrospective and total sampling method, reviewing the gonococcal urethritis patient medical records obtained from Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 2013 to 2019. Sociodemographic, clinical manifestations, and sexual or risky behaviors data were collected.Results: Among 97 males with gonococcal urethritis, unmarried males (54.6%) and the age category of 20–24 years (35.1%) were predominant, with high school education/equivalent (58.8%). Based on their sexual behavior, the majority had more than one sexual partner in the past month (63.9%) and had never used a condom when having sex (55.7%). Additionally, there was also a group of man who had sex with man (MSM) (14.4%) and illicit drug users (19.5%).Conclusions: Males in the young adult age group, single, have a high education level, have multiple sexual partners, and never used a condom during having sex, have a higher risk of having gonococcal urethritis. Identifying these most reported risk factors may help health care providers design effective prevention strategies. Unmarried young adults should be a primary focus in receiving educational programs. They should be informed regarding the impact of multiple sexual partners, condom usage, and illicit drug on gonococcal urethritis infection among men.
Clinical Characteristic of Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants in South Kalimantan, Indonesia: A Case Study
Authors: Haryati Haryati , Rahmawaty Desi , Isa Mohamad , Assagaf Ali , Nurrasyidah Ira , Kusumawardhani Erna
Published: April 2023

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone various mutations of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) as variants of concern (VOC). Since clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants remain largely unknown, especially in Indonesia, this study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients from South Kalimantan, Indonesia.Methods: Data from medical records of COVID-19 patients at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin from June 2021 to February 2022 were randomly extracted, containing demographic data, comorbidities, and laboratory data, as well as the type of virus. Results: In total, 32 patients were included, 9 were infected with delta, 14 with probable omicrons, and 9 with non-VOC. Patients in the probable Omicron group were significantly older than other groups (median age 64 years old, range 54–73 years; p=0.049), had hypertension as the dominant comorbidity (85.7%; p=0.039), the onset appeared slightly earlier (median 3 days; range 2-3 days, p=0.062), with no anosmia symptom (p=0.006). Critical illness predominated and mostly survived in all variants but was not statistically significant (p=0.590 and 0.726, respectively). The three variants showed similarities in laboratory findings; hence, statistical analysis suggested that the leucocytes differed significantly (p=0.020).Conclusions: Patients with the likely Omicron variant are much older, have hypertension as their main comorbidity, do not have any symptoms of anosmia, and have higher leukocyte counts compared to other variants.
THERMAL EFFECT IN THE EVAPORATION PROCESS FROM THE INTERFACE OF THE HORIZONTAL LIQUID LAYER UNDER A SHEAR GAS FLOW
Authors: Lyulin Yuriy , Kabov Oleg A.
Published: April 2023

This manuscript presents the experimental study of interfacial motion and convection in a horizontal liquid layer (ethanol and HFE 7100) evaporating from a localized surface (10 × 10 mm2) into the gas flow (dry air). The novel IR-Schlieren system has been developed. The system can almost simultaneously maintain the gas-liquid interface in a flat position in a confined square area and perform thermal imaging of the volatile liquid surface by IR camera. We consider the thermal effect of gas and liquid temperature (20°C-50°C) for various gas velocities (0.0138-0.138 m/s) on interfacial liquid motion and their influence on the convective flow structure within the liquid layer. It is found that the influence of the gas flow action on the Marangoni convection at the interface is reduced with an increase in temperature. We explain this fact by the growth of the diffusion resistance for the gas flow under a strong evaporation from the interface.
Apparent expletive negation, silent comparatives, and domain widening in Quebec French superlative and universal constructions
Authors: Labelle Marie
Published: April 2023

In Quebec French, embedded clauses introduced by a universal quantifier or by a superlative may contain a negative morpheme pas that has been analyzed as a type of expletive negation, although it does not have the distribution of the known cases of expletive negation. It is argued that, in the constructions containing that apparently expletive negation, pas is not a new type of expletive, but it is a standard negation operating in syntax and negating a silent comparative. The analysis accounts for the domain widening effect of the apparently expletive pas, and it has the welcome advantage of limiting the proliferation of theoretical constructs. In this analysis, an item that gives every sign of being expletive upon a superficial examination turns out to be not expletive at all once silent categories are taken into account.
Epidémiologie des tumeurs germinales: des facteurs de risque trop souvent méconnus
Authors: CHARGARI C. , KEDZIEREWICZ R. , VÉDRINE L.
Published: April 2023

Les tumeurs germinales testiculaires représentent la première cause de cancer solide chez l’adulte jeune. Cependant, les
facteurs de risque de cette pathologie restent souvent méconnus. Trois d’entre eux sont pourtant clairement établis : la
cryptorchidie, l’antécédent de cancer du testicule controlatéral et les antécédents familiaux. D’autres facteurs sont
fortement suspectés, telles les dysgénésies gonadiques, l’infertilité, la gémellité dizygote et l’atrophie testiculaire. Pour
toutes les autres associations souvent évoquées (traumatismes, hernies inguinale, hydrocèle…), l’imputabilité reste très
incertaine. Ces facteurs de risque méritent d’être parfaitement connus des praticiens pour une meilleure information des
personnels militaires et la mise en oeuvre de stratégies de prévention et de dépistage efficaces.
Diagnostic précoce du cancer du testicule
Authors: KEDZERIEWICZ R. , CHARGARI C. , LE MOULEC S. , JACQUES-FERRANDES N. , CECCALDI B. , HOULGATTE A. , VÉDRINE L.
Published: April 2023

Le diagnostic précoce de cancer du testicule permet d’offrir au patient toutes ses chances de guérison et de le rendre
éligible à une stratégie de désescalade thérapeutique afin de ne pas hypothéquer inutilement son avenir. L’objectif est
donc double : réduire la mortalité spécifique et la morbidité des traitements. Dans les armées, les médecins des services
médicaux d’unité sont en première ligne pour établir ce diagnostic précoce. Leur action doit reposer essentiellement sur
l’information médicale concernant, notamment, les facteurs de risque et les signes d’appel du cancer du testicule,
conduisant le cas échéant à proposer une palpation testiculaire. La visite systématique annuelle est de fait un cadre
propice à cet échange, comme nous l’avons démontré dans cette première étude épidémiologique interventionnelle dont
nous présentons ici les conclusions principales et les recommandations qui en découlent
Blessure par arme à feu et engins explosifs dans les armées
Authors: HAUS-CHEYMOL R. , BOUGUERR C. , MAYORG E. , NIVOIX P. , PRAT N. , VERRET C. , DURON S. , MAYET A. , MEYNARD J.-B. , POMMIER DE SANTI V. , DECAM C. , PONS F. , MIGLIANI R.
Published: April 2023

Du fait de leur profession, les militaires sont particulièrement concernés par la problématique des blessures par arme à
feu. Les données sont issues de la surveillance épidémiologique des blessures par arme à feu. Les critères de déclaration
étaient : « traumatismes (pénétrants ou non) liés à l’utilisation d’une arme à feu, d’engins explosifs ou pyrotechniques, de
munitions, militaires ou civiles, à l’exclusion des traumatismes sonores aigus et des conduites auto-agressives ».
Entre 2004 et 2008, le taux d’incidence des blessures par arme à feu était de 21,0 p 100 000 personnes-années. Ces
blessures sont survenues majoritairement dans l’armée de Terre et la Gendarmerie et diminuaient significativement avec
l’âge. Dans 57,3 % des cas, elles sont survenues en OPEX où elles étaient majoritairement consécutives à des faits de
guerre ou d’opérations (85,8 %). Les armes à l’origine des blessures étaient majoritairement des grenades et des roquettes
(environ la moitié des blessés déclarés) et les agents vulnérants étaient principalement des éclats et des balles
(respectivement 62 % et 28,6 % des blessés). Au total, 43 blessés sont décédés (létalité : 11,8 %) dont 36 (83,3 %) en
OPEX (20 en Afghanistan et 11 en RCI). La fiche de déclaration G3 devrait être révisée avec un groupe d’experts du
SSA (chirurgiens, médecins d’unité, experts en balistique) afin de mieux prendre en compte des retours d’expérience des
théâtres d’opérations et d’adapter la fiche au projet Nato Trauma Registry
Development of a system for collecting, processing, analyzing, identifying and correlating events in the information infrastructure of the enterprise
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Streltsov Andrey S. , Frantsuzova Galina A. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Basinya Evgeniy A. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation,   National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

A system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and identifying correlation of events of the enterprise information infrastructure known as SIEM, is proposed for consideration. With the development of corporate information systems, the number of threats related to the violation of accessibility, integrity, and confidentiality in them has increased tenfold. Ensuring information security is a complex task of responding, investigating, and eliminating the consequences of information security incidents (IS). The paper proposes a formalized description of the data that the proposed system uses. In addition, the general architecture and algorithm of functioning are highlighted. Special attention is paid to a detailed description of one of the main parts of the system (data collection agents). The information collection subsystem is characterized by the type of information collected: data on the operation of the application, host, and network or on inter-network interactions. A subsystem of this class accumulates heterogeneous data on a system or network to further analyze them for signs of computer attacks. To collect data, special modules -sensors and agents -are used, Tthe former are usually used to monitor network activity, and the latter are used to monitor and analyze actions in a particular system. The practical application of the improved model is possible both in the framework of research work and in automated information security control systems. The results obtained will be used in the further design of a complex system of continuous monitoring of the enterprise infrastructure. It is planned to consider the data storage subsystem. Subsequent work on the topic will allow us to specify the architecture and algorithm of functioning.
A high-frequency electromagnetic system for biological tissues destruction
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Belavskaya Svetlana V. , Lisitsyna Liliya I. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Kuzmin Anton N. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Vinskaya Ekaterina K. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Navrotsky Leonid G. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Razinkin Vladimir P. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Blokhin Alexander A. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

The possibility of using an impacting electromagnetic radiation in the high-frequency range for ablation of biological tissues (soft and high density) is considered. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of ablation performed using electromagnetic radiation of the microwave range (microwave ablation method (MWA)) and high-frequency (HF) range is given. It was experimentally revealed that the characteristics of ablation performed by both methods are close to each other. HF ablation techniques performed by non-invasive and invasive methods are proposed and experimentally tested. Laser control of the degree of destruction of biological tissue is proposed which increases the reliability of control. The experiments were carried out using a high-frequency generator at a fixed frequency of 13.56 MHz created with the participation of the authors of this work. The use of an HF generator provided an effect on a biological tissue with a needle-type emitter (medical steel), without using a closed electrical circuit. Pig skin and muscles of cattle were used as biopsies. The processes of burning out the object of exposure, resection and coagulation were performed. It is shown that with HF ablation (HF), the tissue is heated to 120 ° C. A multimeter with the function of a thermal imager CEM DT-898 manufactured in Germany was used to study the temperature in the focus of exposure. This multimeter allows capturinge the area with the maximum temperature at the place of discharge, which occurs when the emitter approaches the skin and heats the skin to a certain temperature, as a result of which thermal ablation occurs. It was revealed that HF ablation occurs practically without affecting the surrounding tissues. A high-frequency electromagnetic system for conducting experimental studies has been developed and implemented. Based on the results of the work, it is proposed to ablate biological tissue using Russian HF generators.
Bir süt fabrikasında süt tozu üretimi proses ihtiyacı için ısı eşanjörü tasarımı ve HAD analizi
Authors: KÖSE Ulaş , ÖĞÜT Elif
Published: April 2023

Bir endüstriyel süt tesisinde iki farklı yarı mamulden, altı farklı ana mamul elde edilmektedir. İstenilen protein ve yağ oranlarına göre farklı kalitelerde ve farklı alt ürünlerde elde edilmektedir. Peynir altı suyu tozu, Peynir altı suyu kreması, Süt, Süt tozu, Süt kreması, Tereyağı gibi üretimi yapılan ürünler farklı karbonhidrat, yağ, protein oranlılarında paketlenerek merkez fabrikaya sevk edilmektedir.

Süt tozu üretimi, işlenmemiş sütün fabrikaya gelmesi ile başlar. Üç farklı basamakta meydana gelir. Bunlar: Ön işlem, Standardizasyon ve Yoğunlaştırılmış sütün kurutulmasıdır. Yoğunlaştırılmış sütün kurutulması süt kulelerinde yapılmaktadır. Süt kulesinde “Atomizer” tip püskürtücüler mevcuttur. Pompa vasıtasıyla 35 metre yükseklikteki püskürtücüye 300 bar basınçta gönderilen yoğunlaştırılmış süt, buhar ile ısıtılmış, şartlandırılmış ve girdap şeklinde yönlendirilmiş olan sıcak havaya püskürtülerek kurutma işlemi gerçekleştirilir. Peynir altı suyu kulelerinde ise nozel tip püskürtücüler kullanılmaktadır. Bu tip nozul püskürtücülerde ürün pompa ile basınçlandırılarak kuleye transfer edilir. Süt tozu prosesinde olduğu gibi peynir suyu prosesinde de girdap şekline gelen sıcak havanın üzerine konsantre ürün püskürtülerek kuruma işlemi gerçekleştirilir.

Her iki proseste de kurutma işlemi için buhar kullanılmaktadır. Peynir altı suyu tozu için 12,3 bar 192,7 °C buhar, süt tozu için ise 13,5 bar 196,6 °C buhar kullanılmaktadır. Bu sistemde amaç, ürünü ısıtılmış olan hava ile kurutmaktır.

Süt tozu fabrikalarında süt tozunu kurutmak için buhar kullanılır. Kullanılan buhar, kondense dönüştüğünde üzerindeki basınçtan dolayı enerji bulunmaktadır. Bu enerji genel anlamda atık ısı olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Atık ısıyı geri kazanmanın birçok yolu bulunmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışma kapsamında ön ısıtma bataryasının hesapları yapılarak kondens suyunun üzerindeki gizli ısıyı havaya aktararak atık ısı geri kazanımı sağlanmış olacaktır. Günümüz şartlarında enerji verimliliğini sağlayabilmek adına atık ısı geri kazanım prosesleri önem arz etmektedir. Sektörün birçok tasarruf tedbirleri kapsamında projeler geliştirdiği ve en hızlı geri dönüşüm olarak enerji verimliliği projelerinin oluştuğu piyasada görülmektedir. Rekabet edilebilen enerjiyi daha verimli kullanmak adına yola çıkılan bu çalışmada, havanın debisini pitot tüpü yardımıyla doğrulayarak kondensin üzerinde bulunan ısı yükünün ne kadarının havaya aktarabileceği hesaplanmıştır. Bu hesaplamalar doğrultusunda elde edilen veriler ile tasarımı yapılmış olan batarya sisteme entegre edilerek devreye alınmıştır. Entegre edilen bataryanın sıcaklık ve basınç farkları ölçülmüştür. Deneysel sonuçlardan elde edilen ısı transferi ve basınç kayıpları HAD paket programıyla elde edilen değerlerle karşılaştırılmıştır.
Derin sinir ağlarıyla Osmanlıca optik karakter tanıma
Authors: DÖLEK İshak , KURT Atakan
Published: April 2023

Bu makalede "Osmanlıcadan Günümüz Türkçesine Uçtan Uca Aktarım Projesi" kapsamında geliştirilen ve nesih hattıyla basılmış Osmanlıca (Osmanlı Türkçesi) doküman görüntülerini derin sinir ağı modelleriyle metne dönüştüren web tabanlı bir optik karakter tanıma (OCR) sistemi sunulmuştur. Sistemin derin sinir ağı mimarisi görüntü tanımada yaygın kullanılan CNN katmanlarından ve doğal dil işlemede yaygın kullanılan bir RNN türü olan iki yönlü LSTM katmanlarından oluşmaktadır. Eğitim için orijinal, sentetik ve hibrit olmak üzere 3 farklı veri kümesi hazırlanmış ve bunlarla aynı isimde 3 farklı OCR modeli oluşturulmuştur. Orijinal veri seti yaklaşık 1.000 sayfadan, sentetik veri seti ise yaklaşık 23.000 sayfadan oluşmaktadır. Geneline Osmanlica.com OCR adı verilen bu 3 model Tesseract’ın Arapça ve Farsça, Google Docs’ın Arapça, Abby FineReader’ın Arapça ve Miletos firmasının OCR model/araçlarıyla test için hazırladığımız 21 sayfalık orijinal doküman kümesi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Kesin referans ve OCR çıktı metinleri kullanıcı ve yazılım kaynaklı hatalar içerdiğinden karşılaştırmadan önce metinler özel bir normalizasyon sürecinden geçirilmiştir. Karşılaştırma ham, normalize ve bitişik olmak üzere 3 farklı metin ve karakter, katar ve kelime tanıma olmak üzere 3 farklı ölçüt ile yapılmıştır. Osmanlica.com Hibrit modeli karakter tanımada %88,86 ham, %96,12 normalize ve %97,37 bitişik doğruluk oranlarıyla; bağlı karakter katarı tanımada %80,48 ham, %91,60 normalize ve %97,37 bitişik doğruluk oranlarıyla; kelime tanımada %44.08 ham ve %66.45 normalize doğruluk oranlarıyla diğer modellerden belirgin şekilde daha iyi sonuçlar üretmiştir. Makalede Osmanlı alfabesinin kendine özgü karakteristiklerinin OCR üstündeki etkilerini gözlemlemek için Osmanlıcanın karakter, katar ve kelime ölçütlerinde sıklık analizi çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu sıklık analizi çalışmasında alfabedeki karakterler bitişebilme, harf gövdesi, noktaların konumu ve sayıları, karakterin türü, kaynak dil vb. ayırt edici özelliklere göre gruplandırılmış grup bazında sıklıklar hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan karşılaştırma deneylerinde karakter tanıma doğruluk oranları grup bazında hesaplanarak ayrıca incelenmiştir. Deneylerde sadece karakter tanıma doğruluk oranlarıyla yetinilmemiş, hatalar detaylı olarak incelenmiş, harf bazındaki OCR hataları ekleme, silme ve yer değiştime işlemleri cinsinden ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece en çok hangi harfin hangi harflerle karıştırıldığı, en çok hangi harflerin gözden kaçırıldığı, hangi durumlarda hangi tür hataların daha çok ortaya çıktığı vb. durumlar sadece kendi OCR modelimizde değil diğer tüm modeller için ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bulguların hem verilerin ön/son işlemesinde hem de modellerin iyileştirmesinde değerli katkılar sağlayacağını düşünüyoruz. Karşılaştırmada kullanılan 21 sayfalık orijinal doküman görüntüleri, kesin referans metinleri, modellerin OCR çıktıları ve normalizasyonu yapıp doğruluk oranlarını hesaplayan Python programını içeren test veri kümesi osmanlica.com/test adresinde paylaşılmıştır.