bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning from the River Nile about engineering sustainable futures
Authors: Muller Mike
Published: February 2021

The history of the Nile in Africa offers useful lessons for civil engineers seeking to build a sustainable future, in which climate change is an existential challenge. For thousands of years, communities along the river have sought greater water security at the interface of technical possibility, politics and unpredictable nature. Large projects such as the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam and Jonglei canal in South Sudan continue to be controversial, but both show how civil engineers might help to address climate change challenges. Once again, Nile communities need civil engineers to find and implement innovative, politically acceptable and sustainable development initiatives.
Best practice in the management and protection of concrete assets
Authors: Robery Peter
Published: February 2021

While reinforced concrete construction has boomed over the past 70 years, forensic analysis of failures shows that many structures have not achieved the design service life due to poor durability. This can primarily be attributed to a lack of understanding about durability design, poor construction practices and poor life-cycle maintenance, resulting in unexpected deterioration and damage that requires intervention. Exposure to chloride ions continues to present the construction industry with the greatest challenges. In Europe, EN 206 sets durability performance criteria for reinforced concrete under normal exposure environments, supplemented by national recommendations. Increasingly, infrastructure is being built either in environments that are so hostile to reinforced concrete or with service design lives that are so long, that they are outside the scope of European standards. For design in hostile environments, both within Europe and around the world, performance-related durability methods have been adopted, using predictive ingress models over extended service lives. However, even then, the fundamental risk remains as to whether what the designer intended, through the various cement and cover combinations, will be achieved in practice by the contractor’s workforce and site practices. This paper explores the lessons from durability failures of reinforced concrete and examines how performance can be modelled and enhanced in extreme environments and assured by effective corrosion monitoring and management strategies.
STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUGAR PRODUCTION IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
Authors:   Osh State University, Toktorov Kubanych , Abdiev Murat ,   Osh Technological University, Batyr uulu Altynbek ,   Osh Technological University
Published: February 2021

The article examines the state of sugar production in the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) and the ways of their development in the EAEU, and their theoretical and practical provisions are clarified. The subject of the study is the sugar production of the Kyrgyz Republic in the EAEU, and the aim of the study is to assess the sugar production and study the path of their development. Based on the results of the study, based on the assessment of the raw material base of sugar production, its processing and sale, ways of their development in the conditions of integration are also proposed.
INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Authors:   Osh State University, Imaraliev Omurbek , Ergeshova Takhmina ,   Osh State University, Tologon kyzy Aidana ,   Osh State University
Published: February 2021

This article has expanded the areas of strategic development of the processing industry and the impact of commercial banks on their development. For the development of the manufacturing sector, it is necessary to accumulate stable reserves of raw materials, as well as to regulate the export and sale of manufactured products. This requires educated personnel with entrepreneurial skills and financial support from financial institutions. Thus, the development of a special cluster model and will unite them to work on this model has on the development of the processing industry, on their competitiveness and the state of competition. The main elements of this cluster model are commercial financial institutions, i.e. cans. In this article, the influence of the cluster model on the strategic development of the processing industry was proved scientifically, practically and methodologically.
THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE SECURITIES MARKET AND THE CURRENT STATE OF THE STATE SECURITIES MARKET IN KYRGYZSTAN
Authors:   Kyrgyz Economic University named after M. Ryskulbekov, Shamshieva Gulasel
Published: February 2021

This article gives a classification of securities. The investment activities and operations with securities of commercial banks, as well as the legal regulation of the activities of commercial banks in the securities market in Kyrgyzstan are examined. A review of the current state of the securities market in the Kyrgyz Republic is carried out. Volumes of debt securities are also presented. The volume of annual issue of securities for 3 years from 2017 to 2019, the volume of foreign investment in corporate securities is shown. During the review of the state of the securities market, it was concluded that commercial banks play a major role in the development of the securities market, acting as issuers, investors and intermediaries. A program for the development of the government securities market for both the medium and long term is proposed.
Župna crkva sv. Vida s kapelom sv. Barbare u Brdovcu – novi prilozi poznavanju povijesti izgradnje i štukodekoracije
Authors: Jakaša Borić Viki , Ožanić Martina
Published: February 2021

U tekstu se donosi niz novih spoznaja o povijesti
izgradnje i uređenja župne crkve sv. Vida u Brdovcu, koje su rezultat
usporednog iščitavanja arhivskih izvora, ponajprije izvještaja kanonskih
vizitacija, i nalaza konzervatorsko-restauratorskih istraživanja, a koje bitno
mijenjaju prije objavljene teze. Iscrpno su sagledane sve povijesne faze s
opisom građevnih transformacija i razvoja crkve, iz čega proizlazi zaključak da
su se ključne intervencije dogodile tijekom 17. i 19. stoljeća, kad crkva
dobiva današnji izgled. Razjašnjena je i građevna geneza kapele sv. Barbare,
jedine bočne kapele kružnog tlocrta iz 17. stoljeća na području kontinentalne
Hrvatske, a štukatura u njezinu interijeru, ovdje se po prvi put analizira i
valorizira u kontekstu štukatura sjeverozapadne Hrvatske i susjednih regija.
Prvi put se objavljuje i podatak o naručiteljici kapele i oltara sv. Barbare
koju vizitatori izrijekom navode, a riječ je o Heleni pl. Patačić.
Effect of Ripening in Brine and Vacuum on Protein, Fatty Acid and Mineral Profiles, and Antioxidant Potential of Reduced-Fat White Cheese
Authors: Barać Miroljub , Sarić Zlatan , Vučić Tanja , Sredović Ignjatović Ivana , Milinčić Danijel , Špirović Trifunović Bojana , Smiljanić Milenko
Published: February 2021

Research background. Numerous factors affect the ripening of reduced-fat white cheese. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of ripening environment (brine or vacuum plastic bags without brine) on the chemical composition, protein, fatty acid profile and mineral content as well as antioxidant properties of industrially produced reduced-fat white cheese.

Experimental approach. A low-fat white cheese was manufactured on an industrial scale from milk that remained after the production of kajmak and ripened for 60 days at 4 °C after packaging in a polystyrene container with brine containing 6 % salt or in vacuum-sealed polyethylene bags. The influence of ripening environment on proteolysis was monitored by the change of soluble nitrogen fractions as well as by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane-HCl extracts of cheese proteins under non-reducing conditions and water-soluble fractions under reducing conditions. An effect that ripening environment had on fatty acid and mineral content was also monitored. The change of antioxidant potential of the investigated cheese during ripening led to the change of iron(II) chelating ability, reducing power and free-radical scavenging activity.

Results and conclusions. The ripening environment differently affected proteolysis, fatty acid composition, mineral profiles and antioxidant properties of reduced-fat white cheese. White cheese ripened in brine had more intensive proteolytic changes than the cheese ripened in a vacuum, but also more intensive diffusion processes, especially between the 40th and 60th day of ripening. The brine-ripened cheese had higher values of water-soluble nitrogen content, but lower contents of trichloroacetic acid-soluble and phosphotungstic acid-soluble nitrogen than a vacuum ripened cheese. Cheese ripened in brine had a lower content of almost all investigated macro- and microelements. After 60 days of ripening, in the cheese ripened in brine only myristic (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were detected, whereas in a vacuum-ripened cheese C10:0-C16:0 fatty acids dominated. Vacuum-ripened reduced-fat cheese had more favourable reducing power, while white brined reduced-fat cheese had better radical scavenging activity and iron(II) chelating activity.

Novelty and scientific contribution. These results suggest significant influence of ripening conditions (immersion in brine or in vacuum-sealed polyethylene bags) on nutritive and functional properties of reduced-fat white cheese. Ripening in a vacuum has become a useful method for obtaining high-value reduced-fat white cheese.
On the Issue of the Painting Technique of the Marine Artist V.I. Shilyaev
Authors: Kapinus Alexander
Published: February 2021

Seascape is a special genre of painting. To show the vivid life of the sea is not an easy task for an artist. The creative heritage of marine painters not only delights, but also encourages modern artists to look for their own style, to develop their own painting technique to achieve it. The author analyzes the genesis of the special manner of the Far Eastern marine painter V.I. Shilyaev in the representation of a live transformation of the sea wave, attempts to characterize his original painting technique to perform a frozen in time moment of life of the dynamic volume on the plane of the canvas. Maintaining the creative tradition of the great marinists of the past, V.I. Shilyaev filled his works with patriotic content of self-identification of the Russian Far East, developed the art of depicting legendary ships on an aesthetically irresistible sea wave. The author claims that the mixed improvisational technique of visualizing the constantly changing volume and color of the sea wave is V.I. Shilyaev's innovative contribution to the achievements of the Russian seascape painting school.
Prospects of Fish-Husbandry Utilization of Maloye More Fishing Area: Economic Assessment and Substantiation
Authors: Sukhodolov Alexander , Fedotov Andrey , Makarov Mikhail , Anoshko Pavel , Sorokina Polina , Kolesnikova Alina , Zhabina Daria
Published: February 2021

The article was written on the basis of the results of the research conducted by the staff scientists of Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Baikal State University. The aim was to define ecological and economic viability of planting of prospective autochthonous aquatic species including Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius in Maloye More fishing area. The process of fish planting is considered in the light of the need for satisfying the demand for omul both among the local population and tourists visiting Maloye More. The authors give a brief analysis of the demand for fish among the above mentioned categories. On the basis of calculations, a conclusion is drawn that it is impossible to satisfy the need for omul among the population of Maloye More and tourists visiting the area, whose number is growing fast, solely by means of natural propagation. Thus, the authors made an economic assessment of viability of measures aimed at stocking Maloye More fishing area with fish. These measures include acquisition of juvenile omul and its transportation from fish-breeding farms in Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia and also construction of a fish-breeding farm in Maloye More fishing area.
Sore Spots in the Forest Restoration Management System (the Case of Irkutsk Region)
Authors: Baldanova Lena
Published: February 2021

Forest conservation and restoration are the basis for stable ecological wellbeing and sustainable forestry. The article is dedicated to the issues of enhancement of efficiency of forest restoration in Russia in the case of Irkutsk Region. Sore spots in this area are revealed in terms of a forest restoration analysis. Forest conservation in the region is provided mainly due to the natural processes of forest stand regeneration. The main part of the regional fund for the restoration of forests is comprised of deforestation and burnt forest areas. Efficiency of forest restoration activities is determined not only by the area of artificial or natural (mixed) reforestation but also by the area of forest tending. The global experience shows the need for a switch to a different understanding of allocation of funds and forces when taking an optimal decision in the field of improving the quality of forest restoration. Sustainable forestry is possible only when combining activities of forest restoration and tending. An increase in tending young-growth stand will significantly increase not only its survival capacity but also its quality. Furthermore, the author considers the mechanisms of government control of forest restoration including the national project «Forest Conservation» and the federal law of July 19, 2018 № 212-FL.
Project Financing as a Promising Form of Investment Organization
Authors: Shchukina Tatiana , Bobrov Danil
Published: February 2021

The world practice of projects financing is growing rapidly, this is due to the fact that investments in the state budget or investor's own funds become insufficient for the implementation of infrastructure projects. The article is devoted to the study of such a form of investment organization as project financing. The approaches to the definition of the term «project financing» are considered and the principles characterizing this form of financial structuring of projects are determined. A comparative analysis of project financing with other forms of financing investment projects is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of project financing in terms of state (budget) financing and corporate financing are revealed. Differences between project financing and venture financing are highlighted. The main factors contributing to the choice of project financing as a form of organizing investments in large capital-intensive projects, as well as factors hindering the widespread use of project financing in the economy of the Russian Federation, are substantiated.
Recent advances of targeted therapy in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ma Jiale , Ge Zheng
Published: February 2021

Despite advances in the understanding of disease pathobiology, treatment for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) remains challenging. The prognosis of R/R AML remains extremely poor despite chemotherapy and bone marrow transplants. Discoveries on recurrent and novel genetic mutations, such as FLT3-ITD and IDH1/IDH2, critical signaling pathways, and unique molecular markers expressed on the surface of leukemic cells have been under investigation for the management of R/R AML. Other than monoclonal antibodies, diabodies and triabodies are new targeted therapies developed in recent years and will be the new direction of immunotherapy. Targeted agents combined intensive regimens can be viable options for salvage therapy and as bridges to allogeneic transplant. Future directions will focus on novel, efficient and targeted combinations, low-toxicity maintenance, and individualized precision strategies. Here, we review the major recent advances of targeted therapies in the treatment of R/R AML.
La traducción de términos peyorativos dirigidos hacia las mujeres en Orange is the new black (2013) desde una perspectiva feminista
Authors: Francés María Julia
Published: February 2021

En este artículo presentamos una investigación en la que nos aproximamos a diversas maneras en las que una traducción puede reflejar o subvertir ciertas visiones de la mujer, propias tanto de la cultura fuente como de la cultura meta. Nos centramos en textos audiovisuales, específicamente en los subtítulos de series, donde las particularidades técnicas y la participación de un amplio número de profesionales hacen que surjan nuevos y cambiantes equilibrios en este sentido. En particular, nos interesa un tipo puntual de fragmentos discursivos: los términos peyorativos dirigidos a las mujeres, ya que estos responden, en gran medida, a construcciones culturales diferentes entre los públicos de partida y de llegada. Como indica De Marco (2009), entre las maneras de manifestar rechazo hacia otra persona o comunidad, se pueden reproducir estereotipos y estructuras estáticas que llegan a ser marcadamente sexistas. Por eso, hacemos un análisis de los subtítulos en español latinoamericano para este tipo de enunciados, usados en la primera temporada de la serie Orange is the new black (Ko­han, 2013), emitida en Netflix. Además. estudiamos si reflejan tendencias de la traducción en la cultura meta, usan “equivalencias” fosilizadas o presentan opciones innovadoras.
La traducción jurídica como práctica incluyente y contrahegemónica
Authors: Favila-Alcalá Mariana
Published: February 2021

El Derecho se ha construido, redactado e interpretado desde una perspectiva androcéntrica, es decir, desde la mirada del varón blanco, heterosexual, cristiano y de clase alta. A pesar de ello, la traducción jurídica ha recibido poca atención de la Traducción y Lingüística Feministas. Por tanto, con esta propuesta pretendo poner de manifiesto cómo, desde un posicionamiento feminista, la traducción jurídica puede convertirse en una herramienta de resistencia ante la invisibilización de las mujeres y de la otredad mediante el uso del lenguaje incluyente, que no es otra cosa que una práctica comunicativa con perspectiva de género y enfoque de derechos. Con el sustento de la Lingüística Queer ―que plantea cómo la manipulación de la lengua es vital para alcanzar cambios sociales significativos― y desde la perspectiva de los Estudios Descriptivos de Traducción ―que reconocen la importancia de quienes realizan los textos meta― aportaré y analizaré un corpus de traducciones al español en las que he utilizado lenguaje incluyente. De ese modo, busco hacer un aporte a la investigación del cruce entre discurso jurídico, traducción y feminismo, así como resaltar el poder que dicha combinación pudiera tener en la construcción de sociedades más justas y equitativas.
Variable Frames: Women Translating Cuban and (Afro-) Brazilian Women Writers for the French Literary Market
Authors: Saint-Loubert Laëtitia
Published: February 2021

This article seeks to examine how contemporary works of fiction and non-fiction by women from Cuba and Brazil are translated and marketed for Francophone readers. It will focus on Wendy Guer­ra’s novels, translated into French by Marianne Millon, and on contemporary Brazilian (non) fic­tion translated into French by Paula Anacaona, the head of Anacaona Éditions, a publishing outlet specialized in Brazilian literature for Francophone readers. The contribution will start with a brief presentation of the French publishing sector and some of the recurring patterns observed in what is often labeled as littérature étrangère or littérature monde (foreign literature and world literature, respec­tively), exploring various layers of intervention that appear in translated fiction. The article will then further explore the role of paratext in the marketing of Caribbean literatures for (non-)metropolitan French audiences, before it examines the translations of Todos se van and Domingo de Revolución by Cuban writer Wendy Guerra. Paratextual matter in Marianne Millon’s Tout le monde s’en va and Un dimanche de révolution will be analyzed as a site of feminine co-production, in which the author and the translator’s voices at times collide in unison and at others create dissonance. In the case of Do­mingo de revolución, the French translator’s practices will be compared to Cuban-American Achy Obe­jas’s English translation (Revolution Sunday), in the hope of highlighting varying degrees of cultural appropriation and/or acculturation, depending on the translator’s habitus and trajectory (Bourdieu) and her own background. These reflections will lead to a broader analysis of paratext as a site of further agency and potential redress as (Afro-) Brazilian history and literature are examined in works circulated by writer/translator/publisher Paula Anacaona. Ultimately, figures traditionally sidelined from hegemonic and patriarchal (his)stories, whose voices are restored in Anacaona’s paratextual practices, will serve as illustrations of feminine publishing practices that challenge (phallo-)centric models from the metropolis.
El uso de la traducción automática en las cuentas de Twitter® de los principales periódicos de Latinoamérica: una aproximación
Authors: Santamaría-Urbieta Alexandra , Alcalde Peñalver Elena
Published: February 2021

Hoy en día, las redes sociales desempeñan un papel muy relevante en el ámbito periodístico. Por ello, debido a los contextos multilingües en los que se enmarca la información que publican, pretendemos, con este estudio, profundizar en la relación entre periodismo en Twitter® y la influencia de la traducción en el mensaje que se transmite, gracias al análisis de un corpus de tuits extraídos de los periódicos latinoamericanos con mayor número de seguidores en esta red social. Para ello, en primer lugar, se hace una revisión teórica de los antecedentes, en la que tratamos la relación del periodismo y la traducción, y la evolución hacia el uso cada vez más frecuente de las redes sociales como fuente de información multilingüe. Luego, explicamos la metodología de nuestro estudio y analizamos el corpus de tuits publicados y traducidos automáticamente en las cuentas de los periódicos seleccionados y los errores lingüísticos y pragmáticos que allí aparecen. En las conclusiones, reflexionamos acerca del papel que desempeña la traducción en la información que reciben los usuarios de la red social en la que se enmarca nuestro estudio.
The Inca country: el reencuadre de las noticias traducidas al inglés por la Agencia Peruana de Noticias Andina
Authors: Cama-Casafranca Melissa Erika , Olivares-Espinoza Lucía del Carmen
Published: February 2021

Esta investigación analiza las estrategias de reencuadre y la transferencia de las funciones comunicativas en las noticias traducidas del español al inglés por la Agencia Peruana de Noticias Andina, agencia de noticias oficial del Estado peruano. Este medio de comunicación emplea la traducción para ampliar su público lector hacia agentes extranjeros que estén interesados en visitar e invertir en Perú, de manera que se favorezca la economía del país. El estudio se basa en un corpus paralelo bilingüe de 114 noticias, publicadas en las secciones de economía y turismo durante el año 2019. El análisis textual contrastivo evidenció que Andina reencuadra sus traducciones para que se adecuen a un nuevo contexto comunicativo y sociocultural, reflejando el discurso de la Marca Perú. Las traducciones de Andina revelan el uso de las estrategias de reencuadre para recontextualizar consecuencias económicas de eventos que repercuten en la economía; para difundir un discurso “patriótico” que destaca los logros del país, diseñado para el público peruano, y proporcionar información referente a atractivos turísticos de Perú. Los cambios de las funciones comunicativas configuran el cambio del foco tipotextual de un conjunto de las traducciones hacia un género turístico.
Análisis del perfil de ácidos grasos y propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite de palma de mil pesos (Oenocarpus Bataua)
Authors: Chaves Yela José Antonio , Ortiz Tobar Diana Paola , Bahos Ordoñez Etthy Melissa , Ordoñez Forero Gabriela Andrea , Villota Padilla Diana Carolina
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: la palma de mil pesos (Oenocarpus bataua) es una especie promisoria, tanto por sus frutos ricos en aceite de excelente condición como por su especial adaptación a suelos pobres. Objetivo: analizar el perfil de ácidos grasos y propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite de palma de mil pesos. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas, el porcentaje de saturación con técnicas del AOAC y el perfil de ácidos grasos mediante cromatografía líquida de gases con detector de ionización de llama (CG-FID). Resultados: el aceite analizado tiene un perfil de ácidos grasos parecido al del aceite de oliva, con la siguiente distribución porcentual de ácidos grasos: palmítico (11,9±1,1), oleico (76,1±1), linoleico (3±0,4), α-linolénico (1,9±0,3), con predominio de grasas monoinsaturadas (77,0±1,0 %), moderado aporte de saturadas (18,1±1,2 %) y bajo de poliinsaturadas (4,9±0,6 %), esto último sería la única limitante para utilizarlo como única fuente de grasa para la preparación de alimentos, por lo demás cumple con la norma colombiana para el aceite de palma alto oleico en cuanto al perfil de ácidos grasos y sus características físicoquímicas. Conclusiones: el aceite estudiado es potencialmente comercializable para el consumo humano y tiene beneficios para la salud cardiovascular de los consumidores.
Contabilidad popular. Una alternativa socio-práxica para resignificar las prácticas contables en las organizaciones de economía solidaria de Colombia
Authors: Gallón Vargas Natalia , Gómez Zapata Yuliana , Rodríguez Triana María Alejandra
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer la contabilidad popular como una alternativa socio-práxica para resignificar las prácticas contables en las organizaciones de economía solidaria de Colombia. Para su desarrollo se caracterizaron los enfoques y sentidos de la economía solidaria y sus expresiones organizacionales asociativas y se analizaron las dificultades y necesidades contables a partir del reconocimiento contextual y territorial de 12 organizaciones de economía solidaria de los excombatientes de las FARC-EP, que hacen parte del proceso de reincorporación económica colectiva promovido por Economías Sociales del Común (Ecomún). Es una investigación cualitativa, que se propone desde el paradigma socio-crítico y utiliza el método dialógico-conversacional y marcos sociales de interacción. Desde la aproximación teórico-conceptual que aquí se logró construir, la contabilidad popular es una práctica pedagógico-política y social que busca reafirmar y resignificar los conocimientos y prácticas contables que las organizaciones desarrollan para responder a sus necesidades y generar las condiciones para la emergencia de otras prácticas contables situadas con las organizaciones de economía solidaria, desde la educación popular como acción pedagógica, ético-política y como praxis de transformación.
Aproximaciones contextuales sobre el devenir de las revistas contables colombianas. Perspectivas plurales de los editores
Authors: Arias Suárez Juan David , Salazar Fernando , Correa-García Jaime Andrés , Díaz Michael Andrés , Sarmiento Héctor José , Andrew Jane , Cooper Christine , Gendron Yves , Acosta Laura C. , Malaver Daniel S. , Castañeda Víctor M. , Gómez Yuliana , Giraldo Luisa Fernanda , Alzate Julieth Sorany , Alba Marisleidy , Ortiz José Joaquín , Camargo David Andrés
Published: February 2021

Este artículo presenta perspectivas plurales y contextuales sobre el devenir de las revistas contables colombianas, desde las letras y voces directas de quienes conviven cotidianamente con la labor editorial. Como una aproximación reflexiva, 13 editores de revistas especializadas en contabilidad y disciplinas conexas presentan argumentos a favor y en contra de los temas más recurrentes en las publicaciones científicas actuales, como el modelo de evaluación de impacto a través de citas, la interacción de la comunidad académica disciplinar, las tendencias de las políticas públicas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación y el sentido de la investigación. Con una discusión respetuosa, diversa, sincera y vinculante, el artículo no presenta posiciones unánimes e invita a ampliar la conversación en diferentes espacios académicos para que la comunidad contable comprenda el origen y el sentido de las tendencias, estructuras y aspectos de calidad e impacto que recaen sobre las publicaciones científicas.
Influence of the geometry arc furnace steel taphole on production parameters of the casting and rolling complex of JSC VMZ
Authors:   Vyksa Steel Works (Vyksa, Russia), Lavrov V. N. , Botnikov S. A. ,   Vyksa Steel Works (Vyksa, Russia), Kosonogov A. V. ,   Vyksa Steel Works (Vyksa, Russia), Somov S. A. ,   Vyksa Steel Works (Vyksa, Russia)
Published: February 2021

Currently the majority of modern electric arc furnaces (EAF) are equipped with bottom eccentric taphole system. This design allows to tap metal from EAF to ladle with the minimum amount of furnace slag, leaving a part of the liquid metal in EAF for subsequent heats (“liquid start”), if this residue is sufficient. In this case, taphole has several disadvantages: - it is not completely excluded that the oxidized furnace slag enters the ladle, especially with a low level of liquid residue in the EAF, the mass of captured slag in the ladle increases; - tapping time is unstable during taphole system campaign and depends on the wear of its constituent refractories; - periodically required to replace taphole refractories, thus it’s necessary to stop EAF. Under the conditions of the casting and rolling complex JSC “Vyksa Steel Works” work has carried out to change shape EAF’s taphole system, which made it possible to reduce the effect of these disadvantages on the efficiency of the EAF.
Influence of the configuration of the submerged entry nozzle inner channel and electromagnetic effect within its length on the qualitative distribution of metal flows during continuous casting of steel
Authors:   Northeastern University (Shenyang, China), Tretyak A. Yu. , Wang Qiang ,   Northeastern University (Shenyang, China), Wu Chun-Lei ,   Northeastern University (Shenyang, China), Shifrin E. I. ,   National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine (Dnepr, Ukraine)
Published: February 2021

Today, the most promising and effective method of quality control of the continuously cast billets is electromagnetic stirring of the melt. In this case, an important component is the effect of the stirring on the jet in the nozzle. Moreover, as research has shown, this method is highly dependent on the configuration of the inner channel of the nozzle. Research have shown that positive or negative taper of the inner surface of the nozzle allows to obtain different results after applying EMS. Taper control completely changes the pattern of the melt flow and its deceleration in the mold, especially when it is casting of large billets. The results of the research show that minor changes in the taper of the nozzle significantly increase the effect of EMS implementation, which is observed already at 0.27 % of positive the taper and increases to 0.54%.
Quality index improving of the electric-welded K55 pipes
Authors:   RusGazShelf Ltd. (Moscow, Russia), Sulyagin R. V. , Mozzhegorov M. N. ,   Russian Scientific and FResearch Institute of Tube Industry – RusNITI JSC (Chelyabinsk, Russia), Struin A. O. ,   TMK Overseas (Houston, USA), Varnak A. G. ,   TMK GIPI LLC (Sohar, Sultanate of Oman)
Published: February 2021

The pipes manufacturing process with using the high frequency welding process (HFW) is widely applied for the producing of casing pipes, pipes for infield, supply and main pipelines. One of the criteria for meeting pipes to customer requirements is to provide the necessary mechanical properties of the pipe body and the welded joint. The analysis of forming, welding and local heat treatment of the welded joint was carried out during mastering of K55 pipe production. Metallographic researches of the base metal and welded joint were carried out. Pipes acceptance tests have been performed in accordance with API 5CT requirements. Based on the results of the researches and tests, the key factors influencing on the microstructure of the welded joint were identified. The technology of thermomechanical treatment of the welded joint has been developed. New modes of forming and welding have been applied, which make it possible to reduce the effect of the actual anisotropy of metal in terms of the yield strength and ultimate strength on the quality of the finished product. This article describes one of the possible options for obtaining a set of mechanical properties in accordance with the requirements of the API 5CT for HWF pipes.
Features of heat treatment of a new steel for the manufacture of hot deformation dies
Authors:   Orenburg State University (Orenburg, Russia), Krylova S. E. , Romashkov E. V. ,   Orenburg State University (Orenburg, Russia)
Published: February 2021

The influence of heat treatment parameters on the structure and properties of the promising 70Cr3Mn2WTiB die steel, which is offered for the manufacture of mold parts for aluminum alloy injection molding machines, is revealed. A rational mode of thermal hardening is recommended for the developed steel, including spheroidizing annealing at a temperature of 780 °C with combined cooling; quenching at 1000 °C with oil cooling; high-temperature tempering at 550–600 °C with cooling in calm air. The structure formation and behavior of carbide phases in microalloyed steels at various stages of heat treatment are evaluated. The features of phase transformations and the mechanism of dispersion hardening during high-temperature tempering that provide the required set of mechanical and technological properties are determined. The influence of heat treatment modes on mechanical and operational properties under cyclic loading and heat exposure at normal and elevated temperatures is evaluated. Fractographic studies of zones of cyclic and static crack growth in fractures of samples after testing for crack resistance under cyclic and static loading were performed. The main regularities of changes in the thermal structural stability of chromium steels under cyclic temperature and force influences, depending on the nature of alloying and heat treatment modes, are substantiated, which made it possible to reasonably recommend the developed 70Cr3Mn2WTiB steel for implementation.
Notes on a visit to King’s College London
Authors: Nazarov Т. Kh. , Rychkov I. V.
Published: February 2021

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Docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of male infertility caused by high sperm DNA fragmentation
Authors: Vinogradov I. V. , Zhivulko A. R.
Published: February 2021

Introduction.Antioxidant supplementation therapy continues to be the main treatment for male infertility associated with high level of sperm DNA damage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the most promising components of antioxidant supplementation therapy. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that makes it interesting for treatment of patients with high level of sperm DNA damage and inflammation in male accessory glands.

Materials and methods.One hundred and seventeen (117) infertile patients with high level of sperm DNA damage were recruited for this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Semen analysis, MAR-test, SCD test and sperm cryotolerance test were performed to all patients. Subjects were divided into 2 groups with high (>1 mln / ml) and low (<1 mln / ml) semen leucocyte concertation and then randomized into 2 subgroups of active treatment and 2 placebo subgroups. The active treatment subgroups received 1470 mg / day of DHA for 3 months. The placebo group received placebo for the same period. Laboratory tests were repeated after the treatment course had been finished.

Results.Statistically significant increase in motility (42 % (25–61 %) vs 25 % (15–47 %), p <0.05), vitality (73 % (63–81 %) vs 41 % (35–64 %), p <0.05), decrease in sperm DNA fragmentation level (21 % (12–28 %) vs 33 % (25–39 %), p <0.05) and leucocyte concentration (1 million / ml (0.7–1.7 million / ml) vs 1,5 million / ml (1.1–2.1 million / ml), p <0.05) were observed in the subgroup with male accessory glands inflammation after treatment. Motility (15 % (8–19 %) vs 8 % (5–11 %), p <0.05) and vitality (37 % (25–46 %) vs 24 % (17–40 %), p <0.05) in this subgroup after a sperm cryotolerance test increased as well. In the subgroup with low semen leucocyte concertation statistically significant increase in motility (43 % (27–63 %) vs 34 % (21–54 %), p <0.05), vitality (77 % (66–85 %) vs 65 % (54.5–76.0 %), p <0.05) and decrease of sperm DNA fragmentation level (9 % (5.5–20.0 %) vs 25 % (18–33 %), p <0.05) were observed. DHA supplementation also resulted in statistically significant increase in motility (17 % (10–23 %) vs 6 % (5.0–10.5 %), p <0.05) and vitality (41 % (32.5–53.0 %) vs 37 % (30–49 %), p <0.05) after a sperm cryotolerance test in that subgroup.

Conclusion.DHA supplementation therapy increases motility, vitality, sperm cryotolerance and decreases sperm DNA fragmentation regardless of the presence of an inflammatory process in male accessory glands.
ALBANIAN IMMIGRATION TO ITALY IN THE 1990's
Authors: Savaryn V.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the problem of Albanian immigration to Italy in the 1990's. The unstable situation in Albania in the 1990's and its proximity to Italy prompted large numbers of Albanians to cross the sea border and eventually reach the geographically closest region of Puglia. The article analyzes the government's actions in three areas: humanitarian support and accommodation of newcomers, legal registration, as well as cooperation with the country where the immigrants came from.

Analyzing the two biggest crises in 1991 and 1997 the author tries to compare common and different features and mechanisms of interaction to solve this problem. In both cases, Italy was unable to provide adequate humanitarian support to thousands of migrants; on the other hand, the approach to legalization has changed. If during the first wave it was possible to obtain a long-term residence permit, then during the second wave the period of legal stay in Italy was limited to a few months. As of 1997, the Italian border service has changed its strategy and prevented boats with migrants from entering its own territory by all means. Also, during the second wave, the issue of resolving the crisis is brought to the international level, Italy is trying to transfer sole responsibility from itself to UN institutions. If in 1991 the Italian government tried to negotiate with the authorities of Albania, in 1997 all the problems were already submitted to the UN Security Council. In addition, public opinion and a positive attitude towards Albanians has been evolving and becoming extremely negative.

The researcher concludes that the Albanian migration crisis was the first challenge for the Italian migration system, when the country had to guard its borders actively, cooperate with thousands of refugees on its territory and establish contact with the country of origin of migrants. A study of the Italian government's strategy, as well as the reaction of society and the press, is crucial for understanding the immigration system, which has been built on this experience and formed Italian policy on this subject in the future.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE SAUDI MODEL OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CHALLENGES
Authors: Shved V.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the main features of the Saudi model of historical development transformation. It analyzes a number of factors which forces the process of fundamental updating of the current model of development, which is led by the royal family of Saudi Arabia. The current model of development was based on the extraordinary profits from the oil trade and a fundamentalist Islam, generally known as Wahhabism, is mentioned. Among these factors we should take into account: the steep decrease in the world oil market during 2015–2016; partly replacement of Saudi Arabia by the United States on this market caused by the shale revolution; the significant increase in tensions with Iran for hegemony in the Middle East and because of connection with its military intervention in Yemen.

The research shows that the current Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Salman, who united the team of young revolutionists – Young Saudis, was the main inspirer and organizer of the "White Revolution". The program of the Kingdom's modern strategic development is reviewed. It determines the new main measures of the historical development, known as "Saudi Vision 2030", and connected with its project "NEOM". The author argues that the principal tasks of "Saudi Vision 2030" and the project "NEOM" are the denial of rent model of economy, becoming Saudi Arabia's transformation into the world biggest investment hub and global center of the meeting of civilizations.

The author shows, that deep changes in the economy, finance and investments are accompanied by the huge transformation in the mindsets of society. One of the main components of these changes is the waiver of Wahhabism and transition to the moderate Islam, as well as hasty establishment of the new Saudi identity on the base of active promotion of nationalism that focuses not on religious, but on the state-building aspect of the modern Saudi nation development. The researcher proposes to take into account these new changes in Saudi reality during development of Ukraine-Saudi Arabia relations more carefully and to study this experience in the course of the formation of modern Ukrainian model of historical development.
EĞİTİM, YAŞ VE CİNSİYETİN İŞSİZLİK ORANI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Cinel Emek Aslı , Yolcu Ufuk
Published: February 2021

Günümüzde ülkelerin karşılaştığı en büyük sorunlardan biri istihdam artışı yaratamamak ve buna bağlı olarak işsizliği önleyememektir. Dünya ekonomisi incelendiğinde yüksek büyüme rakamlarına rağmen istihdamın artmadığı, işsizliğin azalmadığı görülmektedir. İşsiz sayısında ortaya çıkan artışlar sosyal dengeleri alt üst etmekte ve ekonomiyi kötüleştirmektedir. Ülkemizde nüfus, gelir dağılımı adaletsizliği, coğrafi özellikler ve benzeri unsurlara bağlı biçimde bölgeler arasında işsizlik oranları farklılık göstermektedir. İşsizlik oranını etkileyen çok çeşitli faktörler söz konusudur. Eğitim seviyesi, yaş ve cinsiyetin günümüzde işsizlik oranını etkilediği gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada TÜİK’in en son işgücü verileri kullanarak ülkemizde eğitim seviyesi, yaş ve cinsiyetin işsizlik oranı üzerindeki etkileri 2005-2019 dönemi için araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikli olarak ilişkinin varlığını tespit etmek için istatistiksel olarak tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. İkinci olarak eğitim durumu, yaş grupları ve cinsiyet ile işsizlik oranı ortalamalarına ilişkin alt kümeler incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda eğitim durumuyla, yaş ve cinsiyetin işsizlik oranları üzerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
GAYRİMENKUL 4.0 VE EMLAK YÖNETİMİNDE DİJİTALİZASYON
Authors: Önder Hatice
Published: February 2021

Endüstri devrimlerinin, her dönemde olduğu gibi araziyi, toprağı, yapıyı ve buna ilişkin çevreyi etkilemesi kaçınılmazdır. Dünyada teknolojik gelişmeler gün geçtikçe artan bir ivmeyle değişkenlik gösterirken, teknolojinin etkisindeki birçok sektörde görüldüğü gibi, gayrimenkul sektörünün de değişen dünya düzeninin etkisinde kalmaması düşünülemez. Endüstri 4.0’ın etkisinde olan ve günümüzde Endüstri 5.0’a yönelik görüşlerin havada uçuştuğu bir ortamda, gayrimenkul alanında da teknolojinin nimetlerinden faydalanılması kaçınılmaz olacaktır. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de gayrimenkul tanımına giren kısıtlı unsurlar vardır. Bu unsurlar teknolojik gelişmelerden en fazla fiziksel özellikleriyle etkilenmekte ve dijital dünyanın adımlarına öncelikle bu özellikleriyle uyum sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Endüstri 4.0’ın emlak sektöründeki önemli bir yansıması olan Gayrimenkul 4.0 ve emlak yönetimi alanındaki dijitalleşmenin, gayrimenkul teknolojisindeki gelişimle birlikte göstermiş olduğu dönüşüm ortaya koyulmaktadır. Gayrimenkul 4.0’ın temel bileşenleri, genel özellikleri, kente ve insana kattıkları ve Gayrimenkul 4.0’ın geleceğine ilişkin fütürist bakış açısıyla yorumlanan, farklı bir emlak yönetimi vizyonu oluşturulmaktadır. Çalışmada, dünya gündeminde yer teşkil eden COVID-19 Pandemisi ile birlikte gayrimenkul sektöründeki tedbirlerden de bahsedilerek, küresel değişimlere karşı, teknolojinin de desteğiyle gayrimenkul sektörünün geliştirdiği savunma mekanizması ortaya koyulmaktadır.
The role of scientists of the Department of Psychiatry of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy in the development of domestic narcology and pharmacological methods of treating this pathology
Authors: Tchudinovskih Anatoly G. , Zvyagin Yuri Y.
Published: February 2021

The study covers the history of the formation and development of narcology in the Russian Empire and the USSR. The role of the heads and psychiatrists of the Department of Psychiatry and the Clinic of Mental and Nervous Diseases of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy in the fight against alcoholism in the country and the organization of drug treatment was identified. Particular emphasis was laid on the work of Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, a prominent Russian and Soviet psychiatrist, neuropathologist, physiologist and psychologist, the founder of reflexology and pathopsychological direction in Russia. It was V.M. Bekhterev who did everything to reverse public views on alcoholism and transfer it from the category of moral turpitude to the status of the disease; he organized the research and treatment for alcoholic patients. This paper considers the aspects of scientific development of issues related to narcology by the staff and heads of the department. The priority of domestic psychiatrists in the theoretical justification and practical application of conditioned reflex therapy for alcoholism has been shown.
The Polymer Binders for the Electrodes of Lithium Batteries Part 2. Synthetic and Natural Polymers
Authors:   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, Istomina Aigul S. , Bushkova Olga V. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: February 2021

The second part of the review describes the prospects of using alternative polymer binders for composite electrodes of lithium electrochemical systems. Possible options having been taken into account, the most popular commercially-available synthetic polymers with functional group (the ones forming aqueous solutions or dispersions predominantly) and water-soluble polymers of natural origin are considered. The versatility of such materials is their distinctive feature. The availability of salt forms for natural and synthetic polymers, many of which are polyelectrolytes, makes it possible to significantly affect the ion transfer in the composite electrode mass, reducing the polarization of the electrodes and improving the power characteristics of batteries. The ability to form “artificial SEI” and / or form a three-dimensional network with self-healing cross-links between macromolecules allows long-term safe cycling, the latter being especially important for active materials with very large volume changes during lithium intercalation / deintercalation (e.g. silicon).