bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey and phenotypic study of carpenter bee species recorded in Kzo village and its environs / Dohuk Governorate – Iraq
Authors: Bamarni Rawshan Z. , Elsaiegh Muzahim A.
Published: September 2022

All studies were conducted during the years 2020-2021 in the village of Kzo and its environs of Dohuk Governorate / northern of Iraq, the results of the survey led to the collection of 42 samples, Samples which all belongs to the genus  Xylocopa , Six samples represent four species from all samples were sent to Dr Munazah Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture and Science and Technology of Kashmir, India for classification , The result of classification  showed that three of them were belong to the sub-genus Xylocopa represent two species,one male of species Xylocopa varentzowi  The main character is that the front legs were contained a dense group of long white hairs on the outer part of the tibia, Male and female of species Xylocopa violacea  the female were contained a density of black hairs on the front legs and more on the hind legs,The males of this species are distinguished by their antenna, in which the flagella consists of 11 segments and its segments is brown, but the ninth and tenth segments (9-10) which were characterized by their yellowish-orange color,and the other three specimens were belong to the sub-genus Proxylocopa represent two species, one female of species Xylocopa rufa were characterized by the calyx sita or hairs which covering edges of the abdominal region which were interrupted and unconnected in the middle, male and female of species Xylocopa olivieri were characterized by the hairs which were covered  the edges of the abdominal tergit segments, pale yellow color, continuous and unbroken in the middle, The results of phenotypic studies of male and females samples of the four species Xylocopa varentzowi,  Xylocopa violacea,  Xylocopa rufa and Xylocopa olivieri is reported for the first time from the high altitudes of  Duhok Governorate( more than 1,140 m above sea level), Iraq.
Francisco Bolognesi en Quito; Breve crónica de la Inauguración del Monumento al Coronel Francisco Bolognesi en Quito Ecuador
Authors: Liendo O´Connor Juan Carlos
Published: September 2022

International Relations between Ecuador and Peru have been developing since 1998 as a dynamic of integration and mutual trust in all area of state interaction that can only be explained under the natural logic of constituting both countries as inseparable and transcendent parts of a unit in political, economic and cultural terms because both countries share the same foundational historical roots, same language, religion, numerous transversal customs and challenges of the time that are superior to any disagreement or difficulty that divides them
STUDY ON APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL DYNAMIC METHOD TO DETERMINE THE DYNAMIC LOADS FROM AIRPLANE WHEEL ON AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS
Authors: Nguyen Van Hieu
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the author applies the method “Statistical dynamics” to determine the dynamic load of the airplane wheels exerting on the airfield rigid pavements. The value of dynamic load depends on kinematic parameters of the airplane main landing gear, the characteristic of surface roughness by spectrum density estimations of airfield pavement elevation according to Burg's and Welch's methods. Thereby, the dynamic load coefficient of IL96-300 airplane has been determined based on results spectrum density estimations of Cam Ranh airport.
EVALUATION OF APPLICABILITY OF THE BDS SYSTEM IN ESTABLISHING A SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK
Authors: Doan Van Chinh
Published: September 2022

The paper introduces some experimental results of absolute positioning and relative positioning of BDS system, use US-made Trimble R8, and Chinese-made S82C, Galaxy G6 GPS devices to conduct experimental measurements. Then based on the indicators SV, HDOP, VDOP, GDOP, Ratio, RMS and relative errors measuring of the Baslines make some evaluation comments on the positioning accuracy of BDS system. Research results show that absolute positioning has an accuracy of less than 5 m; Relative positioning accuracy is about 5-9 mm; the BDS system can be used in measuring a surveying control networks and deformation monitoring.
Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes a partir del aprendizaje basado en problemas: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Landeo Huamán Genoveva Rosario
Published: September 2022

El desarrollo y el refuerzo de las habilidades de pensamiento crítico adquieren mayor importancia cuando el profesor y el alumno aplican nuevas estrategias; por ejemplo, el aprendizaje basado en problemas. En este sentido, el presente artículo tuvo por objetivo evaluar los procesos de aprendizaje basado en problemas para presentar un enfoque unificado destinado a desarrollar el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes. Revisión sistemática que tuvo por objetivo la orientación, contrastación y aplicabilidad de los resultados del análisis de los procesos de aprendizaje. Estudio que sistematizo todo un conjunto de documentos y publicaciones científicas extraídas de las bases de dato electrónica Scopus, Web Of Science, Scielo, y PsycoINFO. Los resultados condujeron a la selección de 20 artículos, que se combinaron en una matriz que prescribía el análisis de contenido por año, país de recursos y contribuciones sustantivas de la revisión. Se concluyó que un enfoque del aprendizaje basado en problemas es crucial porque comienza con un problema en el entorno del alumno a fin de llegar a conclusiones firmes que promuevan el pensamiento crítico.
Attitudes towards inclusive education in teaching English as a foreign language: an academic review
Authors: Sotomayor Cantos Karina , Martínez Garcés Rosmaira , Varas Giler Rosa
Published: September 2022

Enseñar inglés como lengua extranjera es un trabajo desafiante que implica aplicar diferentes estrategias en el proceso, ya que enseñar una L2 no es nada fácil. Los docentes deben aprender a utilizar diversas metodologías para desarrollar las cuatro habilidades de manera efectiva. Por lo tanto, enseñar inglés a alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales es un gran desafío que incluye no solo formación y conocimientos, sino también una actitud positiva por parte de los docentes. Desde esta perspectiva, este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre las actitudes de los docentes hacia la educación inclusiva en la enseñanza del inglés comolengua extranjera. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en la base de datos de Google Scholar utilizando palabras clave como NEE, inclusión, enseñanza, inglés y perspectivas. En base a estas variables de búsqueda, se seleccionaron 7 artículos. Los resultados de esta revisión indican que la mayoría de los docentes tienen una actitud positiva hacia la educación inclusiva en la enseñanza del inglés, pero existe una gran falta de conocimiento y formación en los futuros docentes, docentes en servicio y estudiantes en este campo. Entonces, es por eso que hoy en día aplicar estrategias y metodologías para un aula de inglés inclusiva no funciona de manera efectiva.
El funcionamiento familiar y el logro de aprendizaje en estudiantes un colegio público peruano
Authors: Rivas Plata Aury Pimentel , Chiri Saravia Paulo Cesar , Alvarado Acuña Georgina Rosa , Ramirez Vilchez Edgar Abhat , Gutierrez Gomez Rocio
Published: September 2022

El bajo desempeño escolar de los alumnos es una preocupación para los padres debido a que afecta el desarrollo del alumno hacia su proyecto de vida. El propósito fue analizar la relación entre la familia y el logro de aprendizaje en un colegio público peruano. Este es un estudio cuantitativo, de diseño correlacional.  La muestra fue de 60 estudiantes. se empleó el cuestionario para la recopilación de datos. El resultado fue que el grado de relación entre la familia y el logro de aprendizaje, es de muy alta  significatividad (r = 0.99576607). Se determinó que el funcionamiento familiar observado por el alumnado es poco saludable, por lo cual los estudiantes no logran los niveles de aprendizaje adecuados. Asimismo, la inadecuada funcionalidad en la familia es un elemento de riesgo para un bajo desempeño en la escuela.
Propuesta metodológica para la enseñanza de la coordinación y lateralidad desde un análisis al currículo ecuatoriano
Authors: Guapi-Morocho Darwin , Castro-Cevallos Roberto , Arias-Moreno Edison
Published: September 2022

El objetivo del artículo es presentar una Propuesta Metodológica para la Enseñanza de la Coordinación y Lateralidad, con base en una revisión de 27 documentos, enmarcado en un periodo de los últimos  5 años, la búsqueda  de información se la realizo en las siguientes bases de datos:  Dialnet, Redalyc, Scielo, Google Scholar , EmásF, Educare y bibliotecas de universidades, sin excluir información relevante de años anteriores, las temáticas vinculantes tienen pertinencia a  cuatro dimensiones: currículo de educación física ecuatoriano, metodología activas, enseñanza de coordinación, enseñanza de lateralidad. Esto permitió la construcción de una propuesta curricular enfocado al desarrollo de la coordinación y lateralidad, que sirva como una guía de programación para docentes del área de Educación Física, convirtiéndose en aporte esencial a la adquisición motriz, permitiendo su modificación y establecimiento de corporeidad generando en el estudiantado autonomía para la ejecución de actividades físicas, como seres críticos, reflexivos, activos y saludables.
Tacky and a Tambourine: Enhancing First Grade Literacy Through Music
Authors: Arrington Nancy McBride
Published: September 2022

This integrative lesson engages students in retelling the story Tacky, the Penguin through music. First grade English Language Arts Common Core Standards (ELACC) are addressed as students play instruments, create movement, sing and chant, and discuss their roles throughout the process. Students’ understanding, fluency, and discussion skills are enhanced through their participation. The activity requires inexpensive hand bells and basic classroom rhythm instruments, and can be facilitated by general education teachers or music specialists with their young students. While the focus of this lesson is on the development of first grade literacy, this activity can be easily adapted to other stories and grade levels.
The ABCs of Literacy: Creating Excitement About Learning Through Reading, Writing and Poetry in an Early Learning College Literacy Session
Authors: Katz Anne
Published: September 2022

Early learning experiences serve as the building blocks for young children’s scholastic success. Providing parents, grandparents, and caregivers with the necessary tools to establish this foundation is critical. This article describes two literacy workshops which were held as part of a local Early Learning College initiative. The goal of the program is to ensure that young children in the community are prepared for school and for early literacy learning experiences. The workshops aim to provide parents with strategies to create high-quality learning environments for their children. In turn, this will enhance their ability to effectively partner with teachers when their child enters a formal school setting.
Teacher Influence on Book Selection of Third Grade Students
Authors: Delony Sheila , Hathorn Katie
Published: September 2022

This study explored the ways that two teachers taught their students to select books for independent reading and the ways the students demonstrated their understanding of those lessons. Two teachers and 12 third-grade students participated in this qualitative, comparative case study. Results suggest that students who learned to select books based on personal interests and to judge the book’s level of difficulty independently demonstrated higher levels of self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation to read. Conversely, students who learned to use external criteria for choosing books demonstrated an external locus of control and relied on external motivation for reading.
Perancangan Aplikasi Pelayanan E-Commerce Tanaman Hias Berbasis Web
Authors: Suradi  , Sajiah  , Herwin  , Ramli Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Perkembangan internet pada masa kini telah memberikan dampak besar bagi kemajuan berbagai industri. Sistem penjualan yang digunakan dalam proses penjualan tanaman hias barang masih manual yang di akses oleh pelanggan dengan cara mendatangi lokasi dan melihat produk secara langsung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk merancang sistem aplikasi pelayanan e-commerce tanaman hias berbasis web untuk memudahkan dalam melakukan transaksi penjualan dan pembelian. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah metode black-box testing, dimana sistem di eksekusi melalui uji coba dan memeriksa fungsional dari perangkat lunak. Hasil pengujian aplikasi ini adalah pelanggan melakukan registrasi, sehingga pelanggan mendapatkan akun maka pelanggan login ke dalam aplikasi untuk memilih tanaman hias yang ditawarkan di aplikasi, setelah menemukan tanaman yang inginkan maka selanjutnya melakukan pengisian alamat pengiriman dan jenis pembayaran yang kemudian bentuk informasi dengan status pemesanan di proses. Kesimpulan dari pengujian sistem aplikasi ecommerce tanaman hias adalah sudah sesuai dengan yang diinginkan oleh pelanggan dalam memberikan kemudahan mengakses aplikasi secara praktis.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Laundry Berbasis Android
Authors: Baco Syarifuddin , Sajiah  , Rizal
Published: September 2022

Laundry 79 merupakan usaha yang bergerak di bidang jasa pencucian dan pengeringan terutama pakaian yang melayani masyarakat dalam bidang jasa. Proses transaksi masih menggunakan cara manual dan belum memiliki sistem informasi yang mampu memudahkan pelanggan mendapatkan informasi. Permasahalan yang terjadi pelanggan harus datang langsung ke lokasi Laundry untuk mengetahui jenis layanan yang ditawarkan dan pelanggan tidak dapat memantau status pengerjaan laundry sendiri sehingga pelayanan terhadap pelanggan dirasa kurang memuaskan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sebuah sistem informasi Laundry menggunakan android sebagai platformnya agar dapat memudahkan pelanggan mendapatkan infromasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode waterfall. Metode waterfall adalah metode pengembangan sistem secara berurutan dan sistematis yang memiliki 5 tahapan yaitu perencanaan kebutuhan, desain sistem, impelementasi sistem, integrasi sistem dan pemeliharaan sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem informasi dapat diakses oleh pelanggan dalam memperoleh informasi jenis layanan ditawarkan dan pelanggan dapat memantau status pengerjaan laundry sendiri melalui smartphone android sehingga memudahkan pelanggan mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan tanpa perlu datang ke lokasi Laundry.
Desain Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Kesehatan Pada Puskesmas Monta Berbasis Web
Authors: Suradi  , B Herlinah , Uyun Quratul , Suryani
Published: September 2022

Puskesmas merupakan salah satu instansi yang bergerak disalah satu pelayanan jasa kesehatan masyarakat. Banyaknya pasien yang datang akan menimbulkan antrian yang panjang dalam melayani pasien. Selain itu Kondisi yang terjadi saat ini terdapat kendala dalam pendaftran pasien, pendataan data pasien, pengumpulan data pasien dan pencarian data pasien. Puskesmas Monta masih menggunakan media pembukuan atau sistem konvesional dalam pendaftaran pasien dan antrian pasien. Hal ini rawan sekali terjadinya kesalahan dalam pencatatan pada laporan. tujuan penelitan adalah merancang sistem berbasis interface mengenai pelayanan kesehatan dalam hal pendaftaran pasien yang berbasis web dengan metode R&D (Research and Development) dan metode pengujian menggunakan Black box texting. Perancangan sistem informasi antrian pasien tersebut dioperasikan dengan menginput data pasien pada laman web serta menampilkan laporan (report). Hasil pengujian penelitian adalah menampilkan tampilan sederhana dan memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat (pasien) melakukan pendaftaran berbasis online dan penyajian laporan secara cepat dan tepat dibandingkan secara manual, sehingga pekerjaan dapat lebih maksimal.
Desempeño laboral: un método de eficiencia organizacional en las empresas en tiempos de distanciamiento social
Authors: Saavedra-Paima Maria
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las variables de relación en la evaluación del desempeño laboral de las organizaciones empresariales para ser adaptadas eficientemente en las empresas en tiempos de distanciamiento social logrando la superación competitiva, productiva e innovadora durante la crisis económica desescalada de la pandemia del COVID-19. La investigación fue de carácter documental y exploratoria. Se revisaron fuentes bibliográficas actuales no menores a 10 años de antigüedad, en su mayoría de base de datos de Scielo, Scopus y Capital Humano. Los resultados demostraron mediante un análisis exhaustivo que los factores de impacto aplicados en la evaluación de desempeño laboral tienen que estar relacionados a las variables de motivación, clima organizacional e inteligencia emocional; aunque existen otros tipos de relación, consideramos que no influyen prioritariamente en los objetivos de eficiencia laboral. Además, se debe focalizar las dimensiones significativas del desempeño laboral con la finalidad de optimizar los resultados en menor tiempo y que posean valor de preeminencia. Se recomienda a las empresas planificar estrategias que fortalezcan el desempeño laboral a partir de capacitaciones y talleres de motivación, clima laboral e inteligencia emocional, relacionado a la gestión de nuevas habilidades y técnicas de trabajo que garanticen la continuidad laboral.
Centralized and Decentralized Control System for Reactive Distillation Diphenyl Carbonate Process
Authors: Prakash Bandsode Shirish , Shekar Besta Chandra
Published: September 2022

Reactive distillation (RD), a process-intensified technique, involves the integration of reaction and separation in a single unit. High non-linearities associated with the reactive distillation process constrict the control degrees of freedom and set the key challenge in the design of a robust control system. In this chapter, reactive distillation diphenyl carbonate (RD-DPC) design is optimized, and a decentralized as well as centralized feedback control configuration is applied to carry out the control studies. To execute the control scheme, a dynamic model of RD-DPC process is developed using Aspen Dynamic and interfaced with MATLAB Simulink for online control implementation. A comparative multi-loop feedback controller control performance study is done for different transfer function models obtained by using analytical- and optimization-based process identification techniques. The controller parameters obtained from the simple internal model control (SIMC) tuning relations for decentralized controller and Tanttu & Lieslehto (TL) tuning relations for centralized controller are applied to (i) the linear transfer function model and (ii) non-linear plant model. Set-point tracking, load rejection studies and robust stability analysis are carried out to compare the performance of different models and to investigate the controller performance of the non-linear model.
Perspective Chapter: Pulmonary System and Sjogren’s Syndrome
Authors: Ehtesham Moiz , Tiwari Anupama , Sneha George Rose , A. Peredo Ruben
Published: September 2022

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a connective tissue disease targeting the exocrine glands with subsequent sicca symptoms mainly in eyes and mouth. Respiratory symptoms may be the most frequent extraglandular manifestation following fatigue and pain. Mucosal dysfunction may affect the upper and lower airways, being the small airways more frequently involved. Parenchymal disease carries most of the morbidity and mortality. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is the most common radiographic feature, whereas the fibrotic NSIP type is the most reported finding in biopsies. Pulmonary lymphoma may arise from bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue lesions, and although rare, it is prevalent in SS. Chronic hypertrophic bronchial wall changes may ascribe to the various cystic lesions. Under their presence, possible lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, amyloidosis, and lymphoma should be explored. Pulmonary arterial hypertension may present as frequently as in lupus, especially in Asian populations. Advanced knowledge in the pathogenesis has helped in understanding the various presentations within the respiratory system, contrasting with the scarce therapeutic options to treat both the airway and parenchymal disease. Anti-fibrotic parenchymal lung therapy offers promising outcomes. The pulmonary involvement in SS may associate with a decline in quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Subsequently, clinicians should know these facts for a timely intervention.
Crustal Evolution of the Himalaya since Paleoproterozoic
Authors: Adlakha Vikas , Sain Kalachand
Published: September 2022

Understanding the crustal evolution of any orogen is essential in delineating the nomenclature of litho units, stratigraphic growth, tectonic evolution, and, most importantly, deciphering the paleogeography of the Earth. In this context, the Himalayas, one of the youngest continent-continent collisional orogen on the Earth, has played a key role in understanding the past supercontinent cycles, mountain building activities, and tectonic-climate interactions. This chapter presents the journey of Himalayan rocks through Columbian, Rodinia, and Gondwana supercontinent cycles to the present, as its litho units consist of the record of magmatism and sedimentation since ~2.0 Ga. The making of the Himalayan orogen started with the rifting of India from the Gondwanaland and its subsequent movement toward the Eurasian Plate, which led to the closure of the Neo-Tethyan ocean in the Late-Cretaceous. India collided with Eurasia between ∼59 Ma and ∼40 Ma. Later, the crustal thickening and shortening led to the metamorphism of the Himalayan crust and the development of the north-dipping south verging fold-and-thrust belt. The main phase of Himalayan uplift took place during the Late-Oligocene-Miocene. This chapter also provides insights into the prevailing kinematic models that govern the deep-seated exhumation of Himalayan rocks to the surface through the interplay of tectonics and climate.
An Overview of Natural Surfactant Application for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Gbadamosi Afeez , Yusuff Adeyinka , Agi Augustine , Oseh Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Surfactant flooding is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method that recovers residual and capillary trapped oil by improving pore scale displacement efficiency. Due to toxicity and high cost of conventional surfactant, recent trend involves the use of natural surfactant for EOR. Natural surfactants are benign and biodegradable as they are derived from plant leaves and oil extracts. Herein, a synopsis of recent trend in the incorporation of newly devised natural surfactant for EOR was reviewed. Experimental results show that the surfactants exhibited sterling properties desired for EOR such as lower adsorption, interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, stable emulsion, and wettability alteration of sandstone and carbonate rocks. Overall, natural surfactants are suitable replacement for conventional surfactant. Nonetheless, an accurate modeling and pilot scale studies of natural surfactants remain obscure in literature.
Mitigation of Environmental Impact of Intensive Animal Farming through Conversion of Animal Wastes to Value-Added Products
Authors: N. Tasaki Abigail , Tasaki Ken
Published: September 2022

The environmental impact of concentrated animal farming operations has become serious social issues, with the livestock wastes contaminating waterways and groundwaters and generating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are responsible for more than half the total GHG emissions in agricultural activities in the U.S. These impacts are mostly due to the current practice of spraying manure or manure digestate on croplands. We have recently developed two novel processes not only to mitigate the impacts stemming from the current manure management practice but also to bring in extra revenues to livestock farmers, which should provide an incentive to the farmers, by recovering value-added products from livestock manure or manure digestate. In this review, we discuss the effectiveness of the processes to produce two products: protein hydrolysate feed additives from the manure-digestate solid by one process and renewable ammonia from the manure-digestate liquid by another. One process uses thermal hydrolysis to extract protein from manure-digestate solid at a moderate recovery rate of more than 60%. Another employs acid-base reactions to strip NH3 from manure-digestate liquid and dissolve the stripped NH3 gas into the water at a high recovery rate of 90%. By repeating this stripping process, the nitrogen concentration in the water can reach as high as 18%.
Psychometric Networks and Their Implications for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Psychopathologies
Authors: Ramos-Vera Cristian , Rosa Franco Víthor , Vallejos Saldarriaga José , Serpa Barrientos Antonio
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, we present the main methodological principles of psychological networks as a way of conceptualizing mental disorders. In the network approach, mental disorders are conceptualized as the consequence of direct interactions between symptoms, which may involve biological, psychological, and social mechanisms. If these cause-and-effect relationships are strong enough, symptoms can generate a degree of feedback to sustain them. It is discussed how such an approach contrasts with the traditional psychometric approach, known as the Latent Variable Theory, which assumes that disorders are constructs that exist but are not directly observable. Furthermore, it is also discussed how new neuropsychological hypotheses have been derived in the network approach and how such hypotheses generate direct implications for the understanding of diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Finally, the recentness of the network approach in psychology and how future studies can establish its robustness are discussed.
The Well-Being of Doctors during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yvonne Buowari Dabota
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the world, and the world is trying to adapt to the new world. Healthcare workers had to undergo stress in order to combat the pandemic. Doctors worked hard even with the several restrictions on movement, such as curfews and lockdowns. Doctors still had to go to work. The work of doctors is stressful, and this is made worse by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has led to a poor well-being of doctors. Doctors are now exposed to several mental health disorders such as depression, burnout, insomnia and poor physical, psychological, psychosocial, and mental well-being. Well-being of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic is a study that deals with the well-being of health workers in general, and doctors in particular, and is important and original in the field. Hospital managers and employers should develop strategies to reduce burnout in doctors and improve their well-being. This includes provision of counseling services and vacation for doctors.
Some Research Method about Superconducting Magnet Systems of TOKAMAK
Authors: Rong Jian
Published: September 2022

The superconducting magnet operates in conditions of complex electromagnetics, which could cause hysteresis loss and coupling losses, the so-called AC losses. In this chapter, the AC losses calculation of superconductor will be discussed in detail. Usually, the superconducting magnets are wound by superconducting coils, which are twisted by superconducting wires. The length of superconducting wires is hundreds of meters, while the length of coils is millions of meters; thus, joints are needed to join the coils. The design of different patterns of joints, such as twin-box joint, butt joint, and petal overlap joint, will be introduced in detail. Joule heat and AC losses in the joint may cause locality quench, and if the design stability margin of the magnet could not cover the joule heat and losses, the locality quench will cause global quench of the magnet. The temperature rise caused by joule heat and AC losses will be discussed in detail. Furthermore, the magnetic Lorentz force and mechanical displacement could cause locality quench, which may cause a global quench, once the coolant could not take away the heating pulse. The simulation of the stability and quench behavior of the superconducting cable-in-conduit conductor will be introduced in detail.
Electrospinning: The Technique and Applications
Authors: Kumar Sharma Govind , Rachel James Nirmala
Published: September 2022

Electrospinning is a useful and convenient method for producing ultrathin fibers. It has grabbed the scientific community’s interest due to its potential to produce fibers with various morphologies. Numerous efforts have been made by researchers and industrialists to improve the electrospinning setup and the associated techniques in order to regulate the morphology of the electrospun fibers for practical applications. Porous, hollow, helical, aligned, multilayer, core-shell, and multichannel fibers have been fabricated for different applications. This chapter aims to provide readers with a clear understanding of the electrospinning process: its principle, methodology, materials, and applications. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to the history of electrospinning, followed by a discussion of its principle and the basic components of electrospinning setup. The parameters that affect the electrospinning process such as operating parameters and the properties of the material being electrospun are discussed briefly. An overview of the different types of electrospinning technique, capable of producing nanofibers with different morphologies, is also presented. Afterward, the applications of electrospun nanofibers, including their use in biomedical applications, filtration, energy sectors, and sensors applications are discussed succinctly. The perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development of electrospinning technology are also offered.
Digital Twin of Heat Exchanger
Authors: Bobič Miha
Published: September 2022

How to create proper digital twin of plate heat exchange. The chapter will investigate alternatives for modeling and propose the best choices in modeling to trade-off between accuracy of the calculation vs. speed. Lump sum vs. distributed model, how to make plate model discrete, temperature distribution models, and details in heat exchange wall modeling will be considered. Last part would focus on experimental evaluation of the simulation using IR temperature vision measurements. Conclusions would take concrete examples of dynamic responses of heat exchange units, comparing numeric simulation with experimental results.
Sustainable Development: The Case for Aquatic Biodiversity in Indonesia’s Peatland Areas
Authors: Haryono Haryono , Gustiano Rudhy , Wahyudewantoro Gema
Published: September 2022

Peatlands are inland water ecosystems that are very unique and vulnerable to environmental disturbances including forest fires. In fact, the peat ecosystem has a very diverse of fish species and has the potential for consumption and ornamental fish. One of the countries that has extensive peatlands is Indonesia. Various types of ornamental fish potentially found in peatlands, as well as various species of economic importance for food. Therefore, it is very necessary to conserve and utilize biodiversity of peatlands for the purpose of optimally utilizing sustainable development. The scope of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive view of fish diversity in Indonesian peatlands from the aspect of use, threats, and conservation strategies.
Simulation and Calculation for Predicting Structures and Properties of High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yue Yuanying
Published: September 2022

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted the attention of scholars due to their outstanding properties such as excellent fracture, and irradiation resistance for various applications. However, the complex composition space hinders the exploration of new HEAs. The traditional experimental trial-and-error method has a long periodicity and is difficult to understand the complexity of the structural characteristics of HEAs. With the rise of the “Materials Genome Initiative”, simulation methods play an important role in accelerating the development of new materials and speeding up the design process of new HEAs. In this chapter, some of the multi-scale simulation methods, such as density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) methods, used in designing HEAs and predicting their properties are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed, and the role of computational simulation methods in guiding experiments is illustrated. This study aims to promote the rapid development of computational simulation methods in HEAs.
How Is the Internet of Things Industry Responding to the Cybersecurity Challenges of the Smart Home?
Authors: Cannizzaro Sara , Procter Rob
Published: September 2022

In this article, we investigate the privacy and security challenges of the smart home as perceived by the industry, with findings relating to cybersecurity awareness, transparency on legal data use, malicious data use, regulation issues, liability, and market incentives for cybersecurity; we also reveal how the industry has been responding to these challenges. Based on survey findings, we outlined a series of socio-technical challenges to smart home adoption. To understand these findings in more depth, we investigated qualitatively how these challenges were perceived and responded to by organizations in the Internet of Things (IoT) sector. We interviewed seven experts from six organizations involved in the design, development, or review of consumer IoT devices and services including both businesses and NGOs. Thematic analysis focused on two main themes, that is, responses to privacy and responses to security challenges of smart home adoption. Our study revealed that industry stakeholders are looking to address these adoption challenges by providing new technical solutions to mitigate the privacy and security risk of the smart home, producing new standards and influencing regulation, as well as building up communities of learning surrounding common issues. With this knowledge, industry stakeholders can take steps toward increasing smart home acceptability for consumers.
WSN System Warns Producer When Micro-Sprinklers Fail in Fruit Trees
Authors: Hahn Schlam Federico , Martínez Solís Fermín
Published: September 2022

Salts in the irrigation water cause micro-sprinklers to clog. Farmers find it difficult to detect sprinkler clog due to the great number of trees grown in commercial orchards, causing a reduction in yield and timing problems. In this article, IoT can support farmers with daily soil moisture detection. A wireless sensor network, WSN was developed to warn the farmer from micro-sprinkling clogging. Trees were gathered into groups of 9 trees, where the central tree holds the master microcontroller and the other eight trees presented slave microcontrollers (nodes). The system uses BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) to communicate between the master microcontroller by BLE. A second WSN using lasers was also tested but resulted to be a little more expensive. Soil moisture sensor performance against corrosion and current consumption was analyzed being the best sensors the V1.2 capacitance probe and the sprinkler-encoder one. When micro-sprinklers did not apply water to a tree, its number was transmitted via LoRa from the master to the producer’s smartphone to warn him/her. A hexacopter was used to detect canopy stress from a height of 30 m, but only after 7 days of water removal did the NDVI indexes detect it.
Overview of the Main Species of Ticks and Animal and Human Tick-Related Diseases in the Caribbean, Particularly in Haiti
Authors: Francois Millien Max , Saint-Louis Daphenide , Michel Daphnée
Published: September 2022

The Caribbean region faces a wide diversity of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in animals and humans. But to date, these have been the subject of few studies, resulting in a relative lack of knowledge of their epidemiology, pathogenicity, and the best prevention and control methods. Ticks are hematophagous mites, which feed on the blood of mammals, birds, and reptiles. They are subdivided into two large families: the Ixodidae or hard ticks and the Argasidae or soft ticks. Each collection of blood by ticks from infected hosts can lead to their infection, which will contaminate other previously unharmed animals and contribute to the spread of tick-borne diseases caused mainly by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It seems important to us to draw up a state of knowledge on ticks. Some long-known tick species like Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, and Amblyomma and diseases like Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis deserve to be better studied, and others are yet to be identified for further research. The study consists of a review of the various documents published on this theme by Haitian and foreign researchers. The data are analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of ticks and identify the pathogenic germs they harbor and the various pathologies they induce in the Caribbean and Haiti.
Nonlinear Dynamics Phenomenon in a Polydyne Cam with an Offset Flat Faced Follower Mechanism with Clearance
Authors: S. Yousuf Louay
Published: September 2022

Nonlinear response of the follower motion is simulated at different cam speeds, different coefficient of restitution, and different internal distance of the follower guide from inside. The nonlinear response of the follower is employed to investigate the chaotic phenomenon in cam follower system in the presence of follower offset. The numerical results are done using SolidWorks software. The chaos phenomenon is detected using Poincare’ maps with phase-plane portraits, the largest Lyapunov exponent parameter, and bifurcation diagram. The largest Lyapunov exponent has a maximum values when the follower offsets to the right, while the largest Lyapunov exponent has a minimum values when the follower offsets to the left. The chaotic phenomenon in cam follower system when the follower offsets to the left is more than the chaotic phenomenon when the follower offsets to the right.
Investigation of Non-Covalent Interactions of Copper (II) Complexes with Small Biomolecules
Authors: Khanmohammadi Azadeh
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, the influence of non-covalent interactions on the complexes formed by the various biomolecules (mesalazine, para-aminosalicylic acid, acetaminophen, psoralen, and methyl salicylate) with the Cu2+ cation is investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Since the interactions involving aromatic rings are crucial binding forces in chemical systems, this is exciting research trying to understand and control the effect of non-covalent interactions responsible for complicated functions in nature. Herein, the calculations are performed in the gas phase and water solvent. The results show that the absolute amounts of energy are reduced by going from the gas phase to the solution. The topological properties of the electron density and the values of charge transfer are evaluated by the Bader theory of atoms in molecules (AIM) and the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, respectively. These results are useful for understanding the role of the drug-receptor interactions in the complexes. The electronic descriptors are also important factors in forming a charge-transfer complex between cation and biological target. The results of this study that are ubiquitous in biological systems may be useful for the design and synthesis of a variety of supramolecular complexes with the desired properties.
Incentives for Managing Water Demands: Lessons from the Umgeni River Basin, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: W. Chiluwe Quinex , A. Nkhata Bimo , Tewari Dev
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the incentives for managing water demands from a catchment or basin perspective by focusing on defined property rights dimensions. Using property rights theory, the paper has investigated the existence of relationships between attributes of property rights and intentions of water users to conserve water. A case study was used to test whether property rights can be used as incentives in the management of water demands. The results from the analyses that were conducted using IBM SPSS indicated that property rights would be very significant in curtailing water demands in a catchment by acting as incentives in water resource utilisation, specifically by motivating water user users to conserve water. This is an important finding because it would thus help water resource managers to use a properly defined property rights system (better duration and secure tenure) to enable water users curtail the ever-increasing water demands in the river basins.
Perovskite Structured Materials: Synthesis, Structure, Physical Properties and Applications
Authors: P. Khirade Pankaj , V. Raut Anil
Published: September 2022

There is a constant need for newer exceptional materials with better than ever properties to achieve new prerequisites of the future society and progress inventive industrial improvement. The potential to combine these oxides in composite structures to produce multifunctional materials has rekindled interest in perovskites (ABO3) compounds over the past 10 years. Because of its intriguing characteristics, such as ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, superconductivity, multiferroicity, photocatalysis, enormous magnetoresistance, dielectric, ionic conduction characteristics, etc., a huge variety of perovskite types have been thoroughly explored. Current applications for perovskite solids include electronics, geophysics, astronomy, nuclear, optics, medicine, the environment, etc. Perovskite compounds have distinctive features that make them suitable for a variety of commercial and technological applications, including capacitors, non-volatile memories, photo-electrochemical cells, catalysts in contemporary chemistry, actuators and sensors, ultrasonic and underwater devices, drug delivery, spintronics devices, tunable microwave devices, and many others. Potential applications for nanoscale perovskites include energy storage, fuel cells, nanomedicine, molecular computing, nanophotonics adjustable resonant devices, catalysts, and sensors. Nanoscale perovskites have intriguing features that are comparable to or better than those of bulk perovskites. This review includes topics such as perovskite structured materials’ chronology, classification, production, crystal structure, special physical properties, and applications.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Prediabetes, and Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Mirzazada Valeh , Sultanova Sadagat , Ismayilova Natavan , Huseynova Aygun , Nurmammadova Gulnara , Ismayilova Sevil , Aliyeva Aygun
Published: September 2022

Impaired glucose metabolism and its consequence diabetes mellitus is still challenging the health care system worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation in 2021, the number of adult people living with diabetes was approximately 537 million and 860 million adults had prediabetes. It is predicted that numbers will rise in the future. Numerous researches have shown that prediabetes and diabetes mellitus are serious risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Lots of epidemiological evidence figured out that diabetes mellitus is associated with the risk of developing heart failure. Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent among patients with heart failure. Moreover, several anti-diabetics (anti-prediabetic) medications are contributing their share into developing heart failure by increasing risk of mortality and hospitalization for heart failure. This chapter will discuss the connection between prediabetes, diabetes mellitus, and chronic heart failure.
Pyridine Heterocycles in the Therapy of Oncological Diseases
Authors: T. Todorov Lozan , P. Kostova Irena
Published: September 2022

Oncological diseases pose a major challenge for modern medicine. Heterocyclic compounds play a vital role in modern medical and pharmaceutical science as most medicinal substances incorporate them. Nitrogen-containing heterocycles serve as the basis of numerous drugs and, therefore, are deeply involved in the design and synthesis of promising new therapeutic agents. Pyridine or pyrimidine scaffolds, with a number of substituents attached, comprise a large portion of FDA-approved drugs. They are chemically stable in the human body, manifest an affinity for DNA via hydrogen bonding, and present an opportunity for the development of novel anticancer agents. A large number of pyridine-based molecules are synthesized and tested for anticancer activity each year. The present chapter aims to introduce the most current synthetic approaches, published in scientific literature, and would also elaborate on structure-activity relationships described therein.
Toward Universal Health Coverage: The Role of Health Insurance System
Authors: Feyisa Diriba
Published: September 2022

Health insurance is one of the instruments to achieve universal health coverage, which is not only the major goal for health reform in many countries but also the priority objective of World Health Organization. It provides financial security against healthcare costs and lessens the risk of incurring medical debt. There is an increasing understanding that poverty is exacerbated by ill health. Developing nations have recently increased the usage of various health insurance schemes to improve access to healthcare for low-income households to stop the negative downward circle of poverty and illness. These models help all countries regardless of income level can set out on the path to universal health coverage through a mix of different prepayment and risk-pooling mechanisms, tax-funding, and social health insurance. Right policies are necessary to achieve UHC. Concentrating on providing strong coverage for a clearly defined basket of services is well preferable to shallow coverage for every service with a high patient cost-sharing ratio. Health insurance system must be designed from the outset to be financially sustainable, which includes looking into ways to increase revenue sources and giving priority to the efficient use of resources.
Sleep Patterns Changes Depending on Headache Subtype and Covariates of Primary Headache Disorders
Authors: Mayda Domaç Füsun , Uludüz Derya , Özge Aynur
Published: September 2022

Headache is one of the most common and bothersome problems in neurology practice. The frequency of headache has been substantially increased over the last 30 years due to changes in lifestyle. Controlling the trigger factors and lifestyle changes (e.g. regular sleep, meal time, exercise, etc.) are the first step management strategies in headaches. Sleep and headache have bidirectional effects on each other. While diminished and poor quality of sleep can be a trigger factor for headache (e.g. migraine and tension-type headache (TTH)), some types of headache like hypnic headache and cluster-type headache mainly occur during sleep. Patients with headache may have poor sleep quality, reduced total sleep time, more awakenings, and alterations in architecture of sleep recorded by polysomnography. Progression to chronic forms of headache may also be associated with the duration and quality of sleep. Even though pathophysiology of headache and sleep disorders shares the same brain structures and pathways, sleep disturbances are commonly underestimated and underdiagnosed in headache patients. Clinicians should consider and behold the treatment of accompanying sleep complaints for an effective management of headache.