bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecology and health of the population in the city of Tselinograd in 1964 (the case of infectious hepatitis and typhoid fever outbreak)
Authors: Kozina Valeria , Yeleukhanova Svetlana , Mazhitova Zhanna , Zhalmurzina Aigul , Kurbanova Dina
Published: February 2023

The article examines the outbreak of infectious hepatitis and typhoid fever in 1964 in the city of Tselinograd. During the development of virgin and fallow lands a large number of people arrived in northern Kazakhstan. The urban infrastructure that existed at that time was not always able to provide the population with the necessary services, which often led to failure and the emergence of a difficult epidemiological situation. On the basis of statistical materials, the authors show an increase in the incidence of hepatitis and typhoid fever in the population in a short time, and also analyse the accompanying reasons. It is concluded that a gross violation of sanitary rules when choosing a place for the technical water intake and its connection to a drinking water supply on the territory of the railway junction was the main cause of the epidemic.
Environmental safety model of the region in conditions of large-scale mine liquidation
Authors: Merkulova Viktoriya , Tretyakova Zlata , Evtushenko Alexandr
Published: February 2023

The article outlines the role of research work on the state of ecological safety of the region in the context of a large-scale mine disaster. The aim of the study is to develop a forecast for a full-scale forecast of the dynamics of the PTS state (forecast of man-made situations) based on a system analysis and synthesis of an assessment of man-made impacts. As a research method, a comprehensive system analysis is used for the practical implementation of research in the field of environmental safety. As a result of studying the main tasks of research work, analyzing the results in the field of technosphere safety in substantiating the program of measures for the restructuring of the coal industry in Russia. An organizational-structural-predictable system based on the combination of substances of methodological, technical, interpretive and organizational means, including a comprehensive real-time analysis, is proposed. It is based on the theoretical principles of system analysis, forecasting and risk analysis in modeling all stages of forecast work, the forecasting methodology and methodological assessment of the dynamics of mine flooding are presented. A permanent control model of the region's technospheric security has been developed. It should be noted that the developed "method-model" is an effective scientific development and uses a complex character.
Biopositive water environment as a basis for sustainable development of urban areas
Authors: Dolzhenko Lidia , Yudina Natalia , Shchutskaya Elena
Published: February 2023

The development of a large city regions has a noticeable dependence of a local ecological situation. To motivate their stable growth and to create human-friendly environment the technologies of nature regeneration is needed. One of the approaches available is the implementation of hinged water modular systems containing a filtering higher plants. Among the practical consequences of this method – the prevention of water flowering that is especially useful for in-city reservoirs. The paper presented is devoted to investigation of a stepped mesh structure of this type that holds a plantings of water hyacinth. The macromorphological characteristics of the colonies attached to the assessment of nitrogen-transforming biocenosis according to the total index of species diversity were studied. The results show that the redox capacity reserves of phytostructure biomodules are more than 40% while the nitrification efficiency is about 90%. In addition to plant adsorption effect the increased formation of activated sludge takes place. The concept allows to start an effective exploitation immediately after the placement and leads to significant financial economy after the first year of using. In general, the approach presented is easily adaptable and can be used for most of the existing in-city water reservoirs.
Photogrammetric and geodetic control of laying work
Authors: Dimitrova Anastasia , Nikolenko Maxim , Samsonova Natalia
Published: February 2023

Photogrammetric methods in building control with the development of modern technologies prove their effectiveness in comparison with geodetic ones. The construction and inspection of buildings, structures, complex equipment can be provided at each stage with the results of aerial surveys and the construction of three-dimensional models on their basis for high-quality control of processes. In the control and executive surveys of structures under construction, photogrammetric methods are also used as an alternative or as an addition to traditional geodetic surveys. Such a replacement is especially effective in geodetic support for the construction of unique structures of complex architecture. The article describes a detailed overview of the control procedure, stages of work and formulas for calculations. The results obtained indicate good convergence of geodetic and photogrammetric executive surveys and high-quality performance of geodetic works. And the rapid development of instrumentation and the improvement of photogrammetric measuring systems using digital technologies and machine vision make it possible to increase the accuracy of determining the position of points in images up to 0.1 mm. The issues considered in the article expand the range of tasks to be solved in the field of construction control.
Impact of bitumen terminal technology on atmospheric air
Authors: Saenko Sergey , Nikolenko Denis , Nikolenko Maksim , Diadchenko Vladimir
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to evaluating the impact of technological factors on the average annual emissions into the atmosphere from the tanks of bitumen terminals. Bitumen terminals with a storage capacity of 2000 to 25000 m³,operating on two different technologies: with the use of day tanks and using a system of internal heating bitumen Kupol. Organised emissions from the tanks are assessed using two methodologies: the Russian methodology by JSC "SEI Atmosfera" and the American methodology according to document AP42. The results show a difference in average annual emissions of up to 3 times, obtained by different methods of calculation, regardless of the bitumen preparation technology. At the same time, the bitumen treatment technology in the Dome indoor units is more environmentally friendly as it reduces the number of product transfers within the terminal and hence the amount of operational emissions. Terminals with day tanks pollute the atmosphere up to 5 times more intensively than terminals using the internal heating technology.
A new synergistic strategy for ranking restaurant locations: A decision-making approach based on the hexagonal fuzzy numbers
Authors: Gazi Kamal Hossain , Mondal Sankar Prasad , Chatterjee Banashree , Ghorui Neha , Ghosh Arijit , De Debashis
Published: February 2023

This research addresses the problem of restaurant locations ranking with applications for a cosmopolitan big city like Kolkata, India. A restaurant selection is based on occasions, spending capability, environment, location, comfort, quality of the food etc. In this research paper an exhaustive set of factors and sub-factors is taken into consideration to select and rank restaurants situated at different locations in the city of Kolkata with a population of around fifteen million. The ranking of restaurants depends on complex, conflicting qualitative attributes. In the paper hexagonal fuzzy numbers (HFN) have been used to suitably depict the imprecise uncertain environment. HFN, its distance measure and defuzzification have been applied to deal with the hesitancy and impreciseness of the decision makers. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used as a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tool to obtain factors and sub-factors weights. TOPSIS and COPRAS methods were used for ranking different restaurant locations. Using comparative analysis it is shown that HFN with the TOPSIS and COPRAS method gives better result than other fuzzy numbers. The sensitivity analysis portion also gives a direction for taking a suitable decision in different possible scenario.
Der diagnostische Test: Güte, Kennwerte und Interpretation
Unter dem Eindruck der Corona-Pandemie und unterschiedlicher
SARS-CoV-2-Tests
Authors: Röhrig Bernd
Published: February 2023

Grundlage für ein genaues Bild des Infektionsgeschehens sowie für
die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie ist die
möglichst sichere Identifizierung Corona-Infizierter. Zum Nachweis einer
Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 werden vorwiegend 3 Testverfahren genutzt: der
PCR-Test, der Antigen-Test und der Antikörpertest. Dieser Beitrag gibt
einen Überblick über die unterschiedlichen Ziele, Grundbegriffe,
Kennwerte und Probleme dieser diagnostischen Tests.
Autoimmunpankreatitis
Authors: Juchems Markus , Schreyer Andreas G. , Wessling Johannes , Ringe Kristina , Grenacher Lars
Published: February 2023

Seit den 1990er-Jahren ist die Autoimmunpankreatitis (AIP) als eigenständige Form der Pankreatitis bekannt, seit Kurzem ist sie als solche auch anerkannt. In diesem Beitrag liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Diagnostik der Autoimmunpankreatitis und dabei insbesondere auf der Bildgebung, die dabei eine entscheidende Rolle spielt.
Die Bedeutung des Transkriptionsfaktors Brachyury in Chordomen
Authors: Seeling Carolin , Möller Peter , Barth Thomas F.E. , Mellert Kevin
Published: February 2023

Chordome sind seltene, maligne Knochentumoren, die vermutlich embryonalen
Überresten der Chorda dorsalis entstammen. Ein wesentliches Argument
für diese Annahme ist die gemeinsame Expression des
Transkriptionsfaktors Brachyury.

Während Brachyury im Rahmen der Embryonalentwicklung für die
Ausbildung der anterior-posterioren Achse von fundamentaler Bedeutung ist, legen
neueste Studien nahe, dass Brachyury auch für das Überleben von
Chordomen essenziell ist.

Dieser Beitrag liefert eine Übersicht über die physiologischen
und onkogenen Funktionen von Brachyury und diskutiert die sich hieraus
ableitenden therapeutischen Ansatzpunkte in Chordomen.
Etablierung eines Kollektivs zur histomorphologischen Risikostratifizierung von
Riesenzelltumoren mit und ohne Denosumab-Therapie
Authors: Arndt S. , Hartmann W. , Rókusz A. , Leinauer B. , von Baer A. , Schultheiss M. , Pablik J. , Fritzsche H. , Mogler C. , Baumhoer D. , Mellert K. , Möller P. , Sendrói M. , Jundt G. , Barth T.F.
Published: February 2023

In den letzten Jahren wurden bedeutsame Daten zur Biologie und Therapie des
Riesenzelltumor des Knochens (RZTK) veröffentlicht. Ein entscheidender
Durchbruch für die Diagnostik von RZTK war die Entdeckung der hoch
tumorcharakteristischen Mutation im H3F3A-Gen, die zum
Aminosäureaustausch G34W im Histon H3 führt. Zudem konnte sich in der
Therapie die Behandlung von inoperablen RZTK mit dem anti-RANKL Antikörper
Denosumab etablieren. Im Zusammenhang mit einer Denosumab-Therapie gibt es allerdings
auch Berichte einer malignen Transformation des Tumors, wobei der konkrete Einfluss von
Denosumab nicht eindeutig geklärt ist. Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Knochentumoren
(AGKT e. V.) hat daher eine multi-institutionelle Studie initiiert, um ein
Kollektiv von RZTK zu etablieren mit dem Ziel a) morphologische Veränderungen
unter Denosumab-Therapie detailliert zu beschreiben; b) Faktoren hinsichtlich einer
potentiellen Malignisierung in ein Sarkom im Sinne einer Risikostratifizierung zu
identifizieren; c) im direkten Vergleich RZTK im Rezidiv zu analysieren und
mögliche Risikofaktoren hinsichtlich eines Rezidivs zu erarbeiten. Dafür
wurden 26 RZTK vor und nach Denosumab-Therapie und 14 RZTK im Vergleich Primarius zu
Rezidiv ohne Denosumab-Behandlung paarweise in die Studie eingeschlossen. Eingesetzte
Techniken sind zunächst die histologische Beurteilung der morphologischen
Veränderungen und die immunhistologische Analyse mittels eines breiten Panels an
Markern. Das klinisch gut definierte Kollektiv soll im weiteren als Grundlage
für eine Daten- und Gewebebank für zusätzliche
molekularpathologische Analysen dienen.
Update Mammakarzinom 2022 Teil 4 – Brustkrebs in fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadien
Authors: Aktas Bahriye , Fehm Tanja N. , Welslau Manfred , Müller Volkmar , Lüftner Diana , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Thomssen Christoph , Witzel Isabell , Belleville Erik , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Wöckel Achim , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Stickeler Elmar , Harbeck Nadia , Schneeweiss Andreas
Published: February 2023

Für die Behandlung von Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem HER2-negativem, hormonrezeptorpositivem Mammakarzinom sind in den letzten Jahren einige Substanzen in die Praxis eingeführt worden. Zusätzlich sind weitere Medikamente in der Entwicklung. Im letzten Jahr sind einige Studien veröffentlicht worden, die entweder einen Vorteil für das progressionsfreie Überleben oder aber auch für das Gesamtüberleben gezeigt haben. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die neuesten Ergebnisse, welche auf aktuellen Kongressen oder in Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht wurden, zusammen und ordnet sie in den klinischen Behandlungskontext ein. Insbesondere wird auf den Stellenwert einer Therapie mit CDK4/6 Inhibitoren, Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan, Sacituzumab-Govitecan und Capivasertib eingegangen. Für Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan wurde in der Destiny-Breast-04-Studie ein Gesamtüberlebensvorteil bei HER2-negativem Mammakarzinom mit einer niedrigen HER2-Expression (HER2-low expression) berichtet. Ebenso konnte ein Gesamtüberlebensvorteil in der FAKTION-Studie mit Capivasertib verzeichnet werden. Nach dem fehlenden Gesamtüberlebensvorteil für Palbociclib in der 1. Therapielinie stellt sich hier die Frage nach der klinischen Einordnung.
Endoprothetische Versorgung von Patienten mit
Skelettdysplasien
Authors: Seefried Lothar
Published: February 2023

Skelettdysplasien sind häufig assoziiert mit einem hohen Risiko
für Gelenkschäden und Arthrose insbesondere der großen
Gelenke. Ursache sind je nach Erkrankung in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß
sowohl die unterliegenden Stoffwechselstörungen selbst als auch die
assoziierten Deformierungen mit konsekutiv häufig unvorteilhafter
biomechanischer Belastungssituation. Dadurch ergibt sich bei diesen Patienten
regelhaft die Indikation für eine endoprothetische Versorgung und damit
verbunden die Frage, ob und wie bzw. unter welchen Voraussetzungen eine solche
sicher und nachhaltig durchgeführt werden kann. Wesentliche
Herausforderungen in Abweichung von der sonstigen endoprothetischen
Routineversorgung sind in diesem Kontext die regelhaft veränderten
anatomischen und biomechanischen Verhältnisse, häufig mit
Kleinwuchs und der Notwendigkeit entsprechend dimensionierter und ggf. auch
anatomisch konfigurierter Implantate. Hinzu kommen erforderliche
Überlegungen zu den jeweils geeigneten Möglichkeiten der
knöchernen Verankerung vor dem Hintergrund der oftmals kompromittierten
Knochenbiologie, verbunden mit der Frage nach perioperativen
Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten. Regelhaft müssen dabei auch die
Folgen und Implikationen aus früheren Interventionen mit
berücksichtigt werden. Dabei gilt es, perspektivisch auch die
individuell und erkrankungsspezifisch divergierenden Limitationen bzgl. der
postoperativen Rehabilitation und prognostisch absehbare weitere Operationen
frühzeitig in die Überlegungen mit einzubeziehen. Am Beispiel
vergleichsweise häufiger Skelettdyslasien wie der Osteogenesis
Imperfecta (OI), der Hyspophosphatasie (HPP) und der X-chromosomalen
Hypophosphatasie (XLH) werden im Folgenden konkrete Überlegungen und
Konzepte in diesem Zusammenhang dargestellt und diskutiert.
Facile Synthesis of Isoindolinones via Radical-Mediated Intramolecular Coupling of Two C–H Bonds
Authors: Zhao Yingsheng , Chen Gong , Han Shuxiong , He Shuo , Huang Zhibin
Published: February 2023

A metal-free method for the construction of 3,3-dimethyl isoindolinones via radical-mediated intramolecular coupling of two C–H bonds of N,N-diisopropyl benzamides was developed. The reactions can proceed in moderate to high yield and with excellent chemoselectivity. A reaction sequence of the formation of an alkyl radical via oxidative cleavage of alkyl C–H bond and the formation of lactam ring via intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitution was proposed.
Role of inhomogeneities in resonance light absorption and luminescence of molecular aggregates
Authors: Ropakova I. Yu. , Zvyagin A. A.
Published: February 2023

Within the linear response theory, we have calculated the resonance absorption of the light and resonance luminescence for the one-dimensional molecular aggregate. We have shown that the randomness of the distribution of signs of the interaction between dipoles of the aggregate dramatically changes the parameters of the absorption and luminescence. In the homogeneous case, the resonance response of the exciton band of the molecular aggregate produces narrow lines at edges of the band. On the other hand, inhomogeneities yield contributions to optical characteristics of all excitons of the band.
Substitution limits and thermodynamic stability of solid solutions in HTSC based on iron and yttrium oxyarsenides
Authors: Radio S. V. , Get’man E. I. , Ardanova L. I.
Published: February 2023

The mixing energies (interaction parameters) and the critical decomposition (stability) temperatures of Y1–xLnxFeAsO0.6 solid solutions, where Ln = La–Er, 0 < x < 1.0, were determined within the framework of the V. S. Urusov crystal-energetic approach in the approximation of regular solid solutions. Diagram of thermodynamic stability and domes of the solid solution decomposition have been plotted, which make it possible to calculate the equilibrium isomorphous substitution limits of yttrium for rare earth elements x depending on the decomposition temperature Td, or the decomposition temperature depending on the substitution limit. The results of calculation do not contradict to the experimental data found earlier in the literature for La1–xYxFeAsO0.6 and related systems La1–yYvFeAsO, La0.8Y0.2FeAsO0.7, and Y0.95La0.05FeAsO1–vH0.15. The results of this work can be useful in choosing the components’ ratio in “mixed” matrices and the dopant content in high-temperature superconductors, effective magnetic and other materials.
Surface transfer doped diamond diodes with metal oxide passivation and field-plate
Authors: Watkins Rebecca J. , Henderson Calum S. , Pakpour-Tabrizi Alexander C. , Jackman Richard B.
Published: February 2023

Surface transfer-doping, involving hydrogen terminated diamond surfaces, has been an effective method for producing diamond devices for some years but suffered from poor device longevity and reproducibility. The emergence of metal oxides as an encapsulant has begun to change this situation. Here, HfO2 encapsulated surface transfer doped diamond Schottky diodes with stable device characteristics have been demonstrated. Ideality factor and Schottky barrier heights of the devices did not vary considerably across extended periods of use (up to 39 days). The devices showed excellent blocking capabilities, demonstrating no catastrophic breakdown under the maximum field applied and only a slight increase in leakage current at the reverse bias and field strength of 200 V and 0.167 MV cm−1, respectively. Indeed, a large rectification ratio of up to 108 and a very low leakage current of ≈10−9 A cm−1 were maintained at this reverse bias (200 V). Furthermore, multiple devices were compared across a single substrate, something rarely reported previously for surface transfer doped diamond diodes. Leakage currents and rectification ratios were similar for all of the devices.
Investigation on the threshold voltage instability mechanism of p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under high-temperature reverse bias stress
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Zheng Xuefeng , Wang Baocai , Wang Yingzhe , Yue Shaozhong , Zhu Tian , Mao Wei , Zhang Hao , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: February 2023

In this Letter, threshold voltage instability of p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under high-temperature reverse bias (HTRB) stress has been investigated in detail. The experimental results show that the threshold voltage increases by 0.62 V after 100 ks stress at 200 °C. Especially, the degradation phenomenon is unrecoverable. A deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technique is used to characterize the defect evolution process during the stress. Two kinds of electron traps within the p-GaN layer were proposed to explain the degradation, which were generated by the injected high-energy electrons from the gate electrode. One is referred to as fixed charge trap, and another is trap E3 (EC-0.7 eV). With the aid of high temperature, more electrons are injected and trapped in the fixed charge trap, which causes the permanent threshold voltage increase. In addition, the concentration and capture cross section of trap E3 were extracted as well, which are considered to dominate the recoverable degradation of the device due to the relatively shallower energy level.
A general phase-modulating solution for generating optical array with arbitrary dimensions via mapping space
Authors: Xu Jiaming , Li Hengyang , Zhang Huaizhi , Li Shuo , Cheng Wei , Yao Xilin , Xu Gang , Xiao Yu , Tang Xiahui , Qin Yingxiong
Published: February 2023

It is of great significance to control the energy, location, topological charge, and other parameters of each beam in three-dimensional space. Thus, optical array is proposed and widely used in processing, communication, microscopy, storage, and other fields. However, the current methods to generate optical array are only effective in specific scenarios. In this work, we present an efficient and general method, which separates iterative calculation and parameter selection by introducing a special mapping space, allowing the generation of optical arrays with arbitrary dimensions, optional parameters, and any energy ratios. This method is compared with traditional methods from both simulation and experiment and is superior in diffraction efficiency, focus amount, and calculation speed. Additionally, a five-dimensional optical array with specially designed parameters is produced to show the versatility for different parameters. It shows advantages in beam shaping and parallelization and will be instrumental for applications in information storage, industrial processing, and three-dimensional imaging.
Numerical reproduction of the spiral wave visualized experimentally in a wide-gap spherical Couette flow
Authors: Yoshikawa Kazuki , Itano Tomoaki , Sugihara-Seki Masako
Published: February 2023

Spherical Couette flow experiments were conducted according to the work of Egbers and Rath [Acta Mech. 111, 125–140 (1995)]. While the value of the critical Reynolds number obtained by the previous experiments was in good agreement with the numerical prediction, it has remained a question why a spiral wave bifurcating over the critical Reynolds number can be visualized even by a classical flow visualization technique like the mixing of a small amount of aluminum flakes to the working fluid. In the present study, through visualization using aluminum flakes drifting on a horizontal plane illuminated by a laser sheet, the flow was identified as a spiral wave with azimuthal wavenumber m = 3, using the experimentally obtained and numerically deduced comparison between phase velocities. By solving the equation of motion for the infinitesimal planar particles advecting in the flow field of the spiral wave, a visual distribution of reflected light was virtually reproduced, which is in good agreement with the experimentally obtained picture.
Processed cassava peel–leaf blends: effect on performance, carcass yield, organ weights and ileal microflora of growing pigs
Authors: Williams Gabriel Adedotun , Akinola Olufemi Sunday , Adeleye Titilayo Modupe , Irekhore Oluwakemi Tinuke , Lala Adebukunola Olufunmilayo , Oso Abimbola Oladele
Published: February 2023

Context The cost of feedstuff such as maize and other conventional energy sources has increased due to high competitive demand, which necessitated the search into alternative feedstuff such as cassava by-products (peel and leaf). However, their nutrient availability is hampered by antinutritional factors and constituent fibre. Aims This study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of differently processed cassava peel–leaf blend (CPLB) on performance, carcass yield, organ weights and ileal microflora of growing pigs. Methods Cassava peel:cassava leaf (CPLB; 5:1) was included in the pigs’ diet in a feeding trial for 16 weeks. The CPLB replaced maize at 100%. Twenty-four pigs of mean weight range (20–22 kg) were assigned on a weight-equalisation basis to four dietary treatments having six replicates, with one pig per replicate. A standard corn soya-based diet (control), unfermented CPLB (UCPLB), water-fermented CPLB (WCPLB) and microbial-fermented CPLB (MCPLB) using Aspergillus tamarii as the inoculum was formulated. Performance was measured weekly, while carcass yield, organ weights and ileal microbial count were measured at the end of the 16th week. Key results Dietary inclusion of WCPLB and MCPLB reduced (P < 0.05) carcass weight. Pigs fed control diet and those fed diet containing UCPLB had a similar dressing percentage, while those fed diet containing MCPLB had an intermediate dressing percentage to those fed control diet and those fed diet containing WCPLB. Reduced (P < 0.05) Escherichia coli count (3.30 and 3.36 log10) was obtained in the ileum content of pigs fed diet containing UCPLB and WCPLB respectively. Conclusion Dietary replacement of CPLB for maize did not affect performance of pigs significantly and inclusion of UCPLB in the diet of pigs resulted in a comparable dressing percentage that for pigs fed control diet. Implication This study will help researchers on the right combination of the by-product without detrimental effect on carcass yield, and also encourage the farmer on utilisation of the by-product in pig feeding.
Genome-wide maps of rare and atypical UV photoproducts reveal distinct patterns of damage formation and mutagenesis in yeast chromatin
Authors: Bohm Kaitlynne A. , Morledge-Hampton Benjamin , Stevison Scott , Mao Peng , Roberts Steven A. , Wyrick John J.
Published: February 2023

Ultraviolet (UV) light induces different classes of mutagenic photoproducts in DNA, namely cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs), and atypical thymine–adenine photoproducts (TA-PPs). CPD formation is modulated by nucleosomes and transcription factors (TFs), which has important ramifications for Ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis. How chromatin affects the formation of 6-4PPs and TA-PPs is unclear. Here, we use UV damage endonuclease-sequencing (UVDE-seq) to map these UV photoproducts across the yeast genome. Our results indicate that nucleosomes, the fundamental building block of chromatin, have opposing effects on photoproduct formation. Nucleosomes induce CPDs and 6-4PPs at outward rotational settings in nucleosomal DNA but suppress TA-PPs at these settings. Our data also indicate that DNA binding by different classes of yeast TFs causes lesion-specific hotspots of 6-4PPs or TA-PPs. For example, DNA binding by the TF Rap1 generally suppresses CPD and 6-4PP formation but induces a TA-PP hotspot. Finally, we show that 6-4PP formation is strongly induced at the binding sites of TATA-binding protein (TBP), which is correlated with higher mutation rates in UV-exposed yeast. These results indicate that the formation of 6-4PPs and TA-PPs is modulated by chromatin differently than CPDs and that this may have important implications for UV mutagenesis.
A critical analysis of plant science literature reveals ongoing inequities
Authors: Marks Rose A. , Amézquita Erik J. , Percival Sarah , Rougon-Cardoso Alejandra , Chibici-Revneanu Claudia , Tebele Shandry M. , Farrant Jill M. , Chitwood Daniel H. , VanBuren Robert
Published: February 2023

The field of plant science has grown dramatically in the past two decades, but global disparities and systemic inequalities persist. Here, we analyzed ~300,000 papers published over the past two decades to quantify disparities across nations, genders, and taxonomy in the plant science literature. Our analyses reveal striking geographical biases—affluent nations dominate the publishing landscape and vast areas of the globe have virtually no footprint in the literature. Authors in Northern America are cited nearly twice as many times as authors based in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, despite publishing in journals with similar impact factors. Gender imbalances are similarly stark and show remarkably little improvement over time. Some of the most affluent nations have extremely male biased publication records, despite supposed improvements in gender equality. In addition, we find that most studies focus on economically important crop and model species, and a wealth of biodiversity is underrepresented in the literature. Taken together, our analyses reveal a problematic system of publication, with persistent imbalances that poorly capture the global wealth of scientific knowledge and biological diversity. We conclude by highlighting disparities that can be addressed immediately and offer suggestions for long-term solutions to improve equity in the plant sciences.
Material strategies to enhance the performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters based on lead-free materials
Authors: Bartasyte Ausrine , Clementi Giacomo , Micard Quentin , Labbaveettil Ishamol , Moreira Arthur Sousa Lopes , Boujnah Sondes , Ouhabaz Merieme , Verma Anjenya , Ichangi Arun , Malandrino Graziella , Mathur Sanjay , Dulmet Bernard , Margueron Samuel
Published: February 2023

Over the past four decades, energy microsources based on piezoelectric energy harvesting have been intensively studied for applications in autonomous sensor systems. The research is triggered by the request for replacing standard lead-based piezoelectric ceramics with environmentally friendly lead-free materials and potential deployment of energy-harvesting microsystems in internet of things, internet of health, ‘place and leave’ sensors in infrastructures and agriculture monitoring. Moreover, futher system miniaturization and co-integration of functions are required in line with a desired possibility to increase the harvested power density per material volume. Thus, further research efforts are necessary to develop more sustainable materials/systems with high-performance. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the processing and functional testing the lead-free bulk materials and thin films and discusses their potential in the applications in the stress- and strain-driven piezoelectric energy harvesting. This includes the methodology of estimation of the substrate clamping and orientation/texture effects in the thin films, and identification of orientations offering high figure of merit. The ability to control film orientation of different lead-free materials is reviewed and the expected piezoelectric performances are compared with the ones reported in literature.
Identification and suppression of driving force misalignment angle for a MEMS gyroscope using parametric excitation
Authors: Zheng Xudong , Wang Xuetong , Shen Yaojie , Xia Chenhao , Tong Wenyuan , Jin Zhonghe , Ma Zhipeng
Published: February 2023

We report for the first time an implementable method to identify and suppress the driving force misalignment angle for a MEMS gyroscope working either in amplitude modulated (AM) or Lissajous frequency modulated (LFM) mode using parametric excitation. By introducing driving force misalignment angle into gyroscope dynamic equations, we illustrate that gyroscope angular rate output is affected by driving force misalignment angle and cross-axis damping jointly. We propose parametric excitation as a way to both identify and calculate the driving force misalignment angle. The identification results for a gyroscope working in both AM and LFM mode are similar, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed identification method. Instead of using traditional amplitude control loop by adjusting the driving force, we do the automatic gain control by adjusting the parametric pump voltage so that a fixed drive voltage can be used, which also indicates fixed force coupling. Experimental results show that after suppression, the bias instability (BI) of AM mode is improved from 4.7° h−1 to 2.3° h−1 and the BI of LFM mode is improved from 1.4° h−1 to 0.9° h−1 which is the lowest result reported for LFM gyroscope.
Breakdown mode and parameter space of micro-discharge sustained by thermionic emission
Authors: Li Xiandi , Wu Hao , Zhong Yujie , Guo Chengzhi , Yi Lin , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya
Published: February 2023

Gas breakdown driven by thermionic emission in a microgap to produce low-temperature plasma is studied using a 1D implicit particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model. The influence of background gas pressure, external driving voltage, cathode temperature and discharge gap on argon glow micro-discharge in the parallel plate was simulated. Different parameters and conditions have different effects on the gas breakdown at small size. The discharge gap of hundreds of µm has little influence on the gas breakdown and only changes the plasma distribution. As the applied voltage increases, the gas changes from a non-breakdown mode to a breakdown mode, and the gas breakdown is more sensitive to the applied voltage than the gas pressure at low voltages. In all breakdown modes, the gas pressure hardly changes the plasma evolution characteristics. At appropriate cathode temperatures, the density of electrons and ions increases rapidly, forming a stable sheath, and the equivalent resistance of the discharge gap becomes smaller as the temperature rises and the plasma is in abnormal glow discharge.
Comment on ‘Q-BOR-FDTD method for solving Schrödinger equation for rotationally symmetric nanostructures with hydrogenic impurity’
Authors: Fernández Francisco M
Published: February 2023

We discuss a recently proposed approach termed Q-BOR-FDTD method and argue that it is unsuitable for spherically-symmetric potentials. More precisely, we cast doubt on the excited-state eigenfunctions obtained for such quantum-mechanical models and propose an improvement for their treatment.
Low threshold lasing in Al-decorated GaN microdisk on silicon substrate
Authors: Qin Feifei , Gao Fei , Zhou Mengyao , Li Xin , Wang Ru , Wang Xiaoxuan , Lu Jun Feng , Shan Yaqi , Wang Yongjin , Zhu Gangyi
Published: February 2023

In spite of the unique advantages of nitride microcavities laser, the optical loss and threshed values are still high in most GaN microdisk laser integrated on silicon substrate. Herein, we fabricated a GaN microdisk cavity pivoted on Si substrate using standard semiconductor process. Al nanoparticles (NPs) with diameter below 100 nm were then decorated on the GaN cavity as surface plasmons (SPs) gain to enhance the lasing performance. SPs coupling properties and photoluminescence (PL) enhancement of Al decorated cavities were studied via excitation power-dependent PL and time-resolved PL measurements. Low optical loss caused by device suspension and SPs coupling induced Purcell Factor enhancement significantly improve the lasing properties. A spontaneous enhancement in PL (by 1.75 folds) along with altered lasing characteristics, including accelerated exciton recombination, reduced lasing threshold value (by 5 folds approximately), slight lasing intensity improvement and redshift of the resonant mode, were observed.
Tidal effects in black hole of non-linear electrodynamic field
Authors: Abbas G , Asgher M
Published: February 2023

Tidal forces are most significant feature of geodesic deviation in General Relativity. The astrophysical significance within tidal forces, standpoints out tidal disruption events. We investigate the tidal forces developed in black hole formulated in nonlinear electrodynamic theory. With increasing the charge of black hole, the radial and angular components of the geodesic deviation vector increase. The components of tidal force has been obtained by Riemann tensor and geodesic deviation equation. We solve the geodesic deviation equation for radial and angular components of an exact black hole spacetime. Further, we explore the graphical behavior of radial and angular components for different initial conditions and black hole parameters.
Probing neutrino interactions and dark radiation with gravitational waves
Authors: Loverde Marilena , Weiner Zachary J.
Published: February 2023

After their generation, cosmological backgrounds of gravitational waves propagate nearly
freely but for the expansion of the Universe and the anisotropic stress of free-streaming
particles. Primordial signals — both that from inflation and the infrared spectrum associated to
subhorizon production mechanisms — would carry clean information about the cosmological history of
these effects. We study the modulation of the standard damping of gravitational waves by
free-streaming radiation due to the decoupling (or recoupling) of interactions. We focus on
nonstandard neutrino interactions in effect after the decoupling of weak interactions as well as
more general scenarios in the early Universe involving other light relics. We develop
semianalytic results in fully free-streaming scenarios to provide intuition for numerical results
that incorporate interaction rates with a variety of temperature dependencies. Finally, we
compute the imprint of neutrino interactions on the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave
background, and we comment on other means to infer the presence of such effects at higher
frequencies.
High speed radiation tolerant optical links based on coarse wavelength division multiplexing
Authors: Marcon L. , Scarcella C. , Detraz S. , Lalović M. , Olantera L. , Prousalidi T. , Sandven U. , Sigaud C. , Soós C. , Troska J.
Published: February 2023

The upgrade of CERN’s accelerator complex requires improved beam instrumentation systems that will generate an increased volume of data to be transferred from the radiation areas to the back-end. A solution that increases the throughput of already deployed fibers, with minimal increase of the system complexity, consists in implementing the coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) technique where independent optical carriers at properly spaced wavelengths are multiplexed into a single fiber. In this paper we describe the CWDM Link project, whose scope is to design and build a high-speed radiation-tolerant optical link based on four CWDM channels. We will also provide details of commercially-available CWDM components and their radiation resistance.
Radiation hard true single-phase-clock logic for high-speed circuits in 28 nm CMOS
Authors: Klekotko A. , Baszczyk M. , Biereigel S. , Kulis S. , Moreira P. , Prinzie J. , Tavernier F.
Published: February 2023

True Single-Phase-Clock (TSPC) dynamic logic is widely used in high-speed circuits such as high-speed SERDES (Serializer/Deserializer) and frequency dividers. TSPC flip-flops (FF) are known for their high operational speed and low power consumption, compared to static FFs. Due to the relatively high leakage currents in modern CMOS processes, the use of leakage protection techniques of the storage nodes in TSPC must be considered, especially at high radiation doses. In this paper, the limitations originating from Total Ionization Dose (TID)-induced subthreshold leakage currents are analysed and radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD) circuit techniques are proposed. Additionally, Single Event Upsets (SEU) are investigated by quantifying the critical charge of the leakage protected TSPC FF. The results are compared to both the static and the TSPC FF without leakage mitigation.
Reconsidering tympanal-acoustic interactions leads to an improved model of auditory acuity in a parasitoid fly
Authors: Mikel-Stites Max R , Salcedo Mary K , Socha John J , Marek Paul E , Staples Anne E
Published: February 2023

Although most binaural organisms locate sound sources using neurological structures to amplify the sounds they hear, some animals use mechanically coupled hearing organs instead. One of these animals, the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea (O. ochracea), has astoundingly accurate sound localization abilities. It can locate objects in the azimuthal plane with a precision of 2°, equal to that of humans, despite an intertympanal distance of only 0.5 mm, which is less than

1

/

100

th of the wavelength of the sound emitted by the crickets that it parasitizes. O. ochracea accomplishes this feat via mechanically coupled tympana that interact with incoming acoustic pressure waves to amplify differences in the signals received at the two ears. In 1995, Miles et al developed a model of hearing mechanics in O. ochracea that represents the tympana as flat, front-facing prosternal membranes, though they lie on a convex surface at an angle from the flies’ frontal and transverse planes. The model works well for incoming sound angles less than

±

30

∘

but suffers from reduced accuracy (up to 60% error) at higher angles compared to response data acquired from O. ochracea specimens. Despite this limitation, it has been the basis for bio-inspired microphone designs for decades. Here, we present critical improvements to this classic hearing model based on information from three-dimensional reconstructions of O. ochracea’s tympanal organ. We identified the orientation of the tympana with respect to a frontal plane and the azimuthal angle segment between the tympana as morphological features essential to the flies’ auditory acuity, and hypothesized a differentiated mechanical response to incoming sound on the ipsi- and contralateral sides that depend on these features. We incorporated spatially-varying model coefficients representing this asymmetric response, making a new quasi-two-dimensional (q2D) model. The q2D model has high accuracy (average errors of under 10%) for all incoming sound angles. This improved biomechanical model may inform the design of new microscale directional microphones and other small-scale acoustic sensor systems.
Fluorescent carbon dots tailored iron oxide nano hybrid system for in vivo optical imaging of liver fibrosis
Authors: Nazeer Shaiju S , Saraswathy Ariya , Nimi Nirmala , Sarathkumar Elangovan , Resmi A N , Shenoy Sachin J , Jayasree Ramapurath S
Published: February 2023

Hybrid nanoparticles are innovative invention of last decade designed to overcome limitations of single-component nanoparticles by introducing multiple functionalities through combining two or more different nanoparticles. In this study, we are reporting development of magneto-fluorescent hybrid nanoparticles by combining iron oxide and carbon nanoparticles to enable in vivo fluorescence imaging which also has all the required characteristic properties to use as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agent. In order to achieve dual-functional imaging, alginate and pullulan coated super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ASPION and PSPION) and Carbon dots (Cdts) were synthesised separately. ASPIONs and PSPIONs were further chemically conjugated with Cdts and developed dual-functional nanohybrid particles ASPION-Cdts and PSPION-Cdts. Subsequently, evaluation of the materials for its size, functionalisation efficiency, fluorescence and magnetic properties, biocompatibility and cellular uptake efficiency has been carried out. Fluorescence imaging of liver fibrosis was performed in vivo in rodent model of liver fibrosis using the two nanohybrids, which is further confirmed by high fluorescence signal from the harvested liver.
Mo2CTxMXene supported nickel-iron alloy: an efficient and stable heterostructure to boost oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Loupias Lola , Boulé Roald , Morais Cláudia , Mauchamp Vincent , Guignard Nadia , Rousseau Julie , Pacaud Jérôme , Chartier Patrick , Gaudon Manuel , Coutanceau Christophe , Célérier Stéphane , Habrioux Aurélien
Published: February 2023

A polyol-assisted solvothermal route is used to synthesize NixFeynanoalloys supported on a highly electron conductive 2D transition metal Mo2CTxMXene. Structural, morphological and chemical characteristics of the materials are determined using several physicochemical techniques. The MXene support allows not only the formation of a nanostructured metallic NixFeynanoalloys, but also favors the interfacial charge transfer for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The NixFey@Mo2CTxmaterial with a Ni/Fe ratio of 2.66 leads to the outstanding activity for the OER with an amazingly low Tafel slope value of 34 mV dec−1and a current density of 10 mA.cm−2at a potential of only 1.50 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE).In situRaman experiments show thatβ-NiOOH formed by oxidation of the nanoalloys under positive scan, likely containing a very small amount of Fe, is the active phase for the OER. This material exhibits also an excellent stability over 168 h in a 5 M KOH electrolyte. Transmission electron microscopy -electron energy-loss spectroscopy analyses after 100 voltammetric cycles between 0.2 and 1.55 V vs. RHE evidence for the first time that the MXene support is not fully oxidized in the first cycle. Also, oxyhydroxide layer formed in the OER potential region at the surface of the NixFeynanoparticles can be reversibly reduced.
Intelligence and Executive Functions: A Comprehensive Assessment of Intellectually Gifted Children
Authors: Bucaille A , Jarry C , Allard J , Brosseau-Beauvir A , Ropars J , Brochard S , Peudenier S , Roy A
Published: February 2023

Objective

Executive functions (EFs) play a key role in cognitive and behavioral functioning. Their multiple forms and implications for daily life behaviors mean they are sometimes equated with intelligence. Several elements even suggest that intellectually gifted children (IGC) may present better executive functioning than typical developing children (TDC, children with intelligence in the average range). However, no study has ever completely tested this hypothesis by a comprehensive assessment of EFs in IGC.

Method

Results of 30 IGC and 35 TDC aged from 6 to 16 years old were compared through a comprehensive assessment of EFs (inhibition, flexibility, and planning), comprising performance-based and daily life measures.

Results

IGC did not differ from TDC in EF performance-based measures. However, they scored higher in parents’ and some teachers’ ratings, suggesting higher indicators of difficulties in daily life.

Conclusions

Contrary to expectations, high intellectual level does not appear to be associated with superior EFs. Surprisingly, parents and teachers of IGC reported more complaints about their executive functioning in everyday life. We put forward different hypotheses to explain this contrast. Further research is needed to better understand this phenomenon, in which neuropsychology has a fundamental role to play.