bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English medium instruction: Policies for constraining potential language use in the classroom and recruiting instructors
Authors: VURAL Seniye , ÖLÇÜ DİNÇER Zeynep
Published: February 2022

English medium instruction (EMI), has posed benefits and challenges in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Especially in the contexts where English is used as a foreign language, EMI universities may face two significant problems: 1) finding instructors meeting both academic and English proficiency requirements, 2) constraining potential language use in the classrooms where the majority of the students and the instructor share the same mother tongue. This study aims to unearth the policies employed by the three state EMI universities to handle these problems. Content analysis is used for the data consisting of documents and administrators’ responses to an online open-ended questionnaire. The findings reveal that the primary supply for instructor demand is the local academics with EMI background and academic experiences abroad. There is no policy that directly constrains the classroom language to English, but universities make use of some indirect policy mechanisms such as including language of instruction in course evaluation forms and increasing the number of international students.
Covid-19 sürecinde okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının öğretmenleriyle ilişkilerinin okula uyum üzerindeki etkisi
Authors: GÜLAY OGELMAN Hülya , AMCA TOKLU Derviş
Published: February 2022

Okula uyum, okul öncesi dönemden itibaren her eğitim kademesinde önem taşıyan konulardan biridir. Okula uyum, çocuğun eğitim öğretim sürecine aktif katılımını ifade etmekle birlikte sosyal, duygusal boyutları da olan çok yönlü bit kavramdır. Okul öncesi dönemdeki okula uyum, kısa ve uzun süreli etkileriyle eğitim sürecini doğrudan etkileyebilmektedir. İçerisinde bulunduğumuz Pandemi sürecinin çocukları okul çatısı ve paydaşlarından uzaklaştırarak etkisi altına aldığı düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle araştırmanın amacı, COVID 19 sürecinde okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının öğretmenleriyle ilişkilerinin okula uyum üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Alt amaçlarda öğretmen-çocuk ilişkisinin; sınıf katılımı düzeyini, okuldan kaçınma düzeyini, kendi kendini yönetme düzeyini, okulu sevme düzeyini ve genel okula uyum düzeyini istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı düzeyde yordayıp yordamadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama yönteminde hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında KKTC’de okul öncesi eğitime devam eden 5-6 yaş grubundan 36 kız (%66.7) ve 18 (%33.3) erkek olmak üzere 54 çocuk katılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Öğretmen-Öğrenci İlişki Ölçeği ve 5-6 Yaş Çocukları İçin Okula Uyum Öğretmen Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçme araçları öğretmenler tarafından her bir çocuk için ayrı ayrı doldurulmuştur. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre öğretmen-çocuk ilişkisi, sınıf katılımı, okuldan kaçınma kendi kendini yönetme, okulu sevme değişkenleri ile genel okula uyum düzeyini istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı biçimde yordamaktadır. Bulgular doğrultusunda, öğretmen çocuk ilişkisinin her koşulda küçük çocukların okula uyum süreci açısından büyük önem taşıdığı söylenebilir.
The Role of Free Economic Zones in the Economy of Uzbekistan
Authors: Tukhtaev Abdugani K.
Published: February 2022

It is known that the role of free economic zones (FEZ) in the rapid development of economic reforms is growing. Demonstrating the economic potential of Uzbekistan, the inexhaustible natural resources of our country are taken into account, which serves to ensure the production of products that meet international standards, are competitive and in demand in foreign markets.
Bibliotherapy and Possibilities of Intervention in Problems of Child Psychopathology
Authors: Kountouras Georgios , Sidiropoulou Nadezda
Published: February 2022

Bibliotherapy comes to connect the impossible with the possible. To give the subjects solutions that were not in their minds until that moment. The purpose of this study within the literature review is to highlight how a book works therapeutically for children under specific intervention conditions. More specifically, an attempt is made to capture the action potentials of the book in each subjectivity and in our case that of children. It appears that book therapy has positive effects on children who face various difficulties in their personal lives and it is striking how some literary heroes with whom children identify can show them ways to cope with various impasses.
Fuzzy Quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Soft Matrix Theory and Its Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Debnath Somen
Published: February 2022

Earlier several fuzzy oriented matrix theories have been proposed by the researchers to model uncertainty for real-world decision-making (DM). Among them, fuzzy neutrosophic soft matrix (FNSM) theory has been developed recently by combining the fuzzy neutrosophic set and soft set to handle the indeterminate information parametrically. The main purpose to represent this paper is to introduce the notion of fuzzy quadripartitioned neutrosophic soft matrix (FQNSM) theory to generalize the FNSM concept. Moreover, several properties and matrix operations on fuzzy quadripartitioned neutrosophic soft sets are investigated with appropriate examples. Finally, a DM model based on FQNSMs has been developed and thus validated by showing an application to real problems.
 
Received: 1 January 2022 | Revised: 11 February 2022 | Accepted: 17 February 2022
 
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
A New Study Based on Fuzzy Bi-Γ-Ideals in Ordered-Γ-Semigroups
Authors: Muhiuddin G. , Mahboob A. , E. A. Elnair Mohamed
Published: February 2022

In this paper, using the notion of (k∗ , q)-quasi-coincident of an ordered fuzzy point with a fuzzy set of the support, the concept of (∈, ∈ ∨(κ∗ , qk))-fuzzy bi-Γ-ideals in ordered Γ-semigroups is defined. We prove that intersection of (∈, ∈ ∨(κ∗ , qk))-fuzzy bi-Γ-ideals of S is an (∈, ∈ ∨(κ∗ , qk))-fuzzy bi-Γ-ideal but the statement does not hold for union, and in this aim an example is provided. Moreover, we present correspondence between bi-Γ-ideals and (∈, ∈ ∨(κ∗ , qk))-fuzzy bi-Γ-ideals of ordered Γ-semigroups based on level subset and (∈ ∨(κ∗ , qκ))-level subset of fuzzy sets.
 
Received: 3 January 2022 | Revised: 11 February 2022 | Accepted: 13 February 2022
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Assessment of in vitro Antifungal Prospective of Fungicides against Alternaria alternata, A Causal Organism of Potato Brown Spot and Early Blight Disease
Authors: Tripathi Pramila , Shukla A.K.
Published: February 2022

Efficacy evaluation of three fungicides was undertaken against phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata. Fungicide copper oxychloride was found to restrict the growth of fungi at 500ppm concentration, whereas at 5000ppm concentration of benomyl and mancozeb growth of fungi was not occurred. At 1000ppm concentration growth of fungi was fifty percent compare to control on PDA medium. At 5000ppm concentration of copper oxychloride and mancozeb spore germination did not occur. In case of both the fungicides at 1000ppm concentration percent germination was found between 56 and 75 percent. Germination percent of spores was always lesser than control in all the treatments. Similarly germ tube growth was not occurred in copper oxychloride and mancozeb treated spores at 5000ppm concentration. Germ tube growth was found always influenced by the treatment of fungicides. Inhibitory effect of fungicides was dose dependent and proportional to the concentration of fungicides. Reduction in growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation increased on increasing the concentration of fungicides.
Advancements in Soil Nutrient Sensing for Real Time Nutrient Management based Recommendation System
Authors: Tripathi Pramila , Shukla A. K.
Published: February 2022

Rapid soil testing and site specific nutrient management are the keys to improve agricultural production sustainably to feed the growing global population, which is projected to cross 9 billion by the end of 2050. A number of soil nutrient sensors are being developed to meet the demand. This paper is focused on the various recent developments in the field of soil nutrient sensors and their sensitivity for particular nutrients. The incorporation of these sensors to develop agriculture decision support systems is also been discussed. It may be concluded that it is better to integrate a number of sensors (optical and electrochemical) to obtain real time data on nutrient level in soil for a particular cropping season to provide the farmers with a real time report and support. Technologies to convert the results into farmer friendly reports and databases to store the real-time data are also very much essential. The entire study is summarized to have an idea of the development in the field of soil nutrient sensors globally in order to gain insights for the sustainable agricultural production in developing countries, such as India, where cost and population are the governing factors.
A Review on Euphorbia neriifolia plant
Authors: Shashilata Pal  , Shail Bala Baghel  , Shweta Hingwasiya
Published: February 2022

Plant having medicinal properties play a very crucial role in our environment as well as lives. Euphorbia Neriifolia is one such plant with a wealth of medicinal properties. Euphorbia neriifolia is a cactus-like tree or shrub native to Asia that is grown for ornamental and hedge purposes, as well as medicinal and botanical purposes. This plant has adapted to flourish in water-stressed environments and is drought tolerant. This plant grows to be 3-6 metres tall and produces a deadly milky white latex. The goal of the review is to (a) refresh the detailed information about the plant Euphorbia Neriifolia, chemical composition, harmful effect, and (b) to summarize the medicinal uses of Euphorbia neriifolia. (c) Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of Euphorbia neriifolia.
Development of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination Station for Pediatric Occupational Therapy and an Evaluation of Its Quality
Authors: Fu Chung-Pei , Chi Hsin-Yu , Li Ming-Wei , Liu Chien-Hsiou , Yeh Jiann-Horng , Wang Chih-Chia , Su Chia-Ting
Published: February 2022

Importance: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a highly valued measure of students’ clinical competencies in medical education. However, few studies have reported on the administration of the OSCE in pediatric occupational therapy education.

Objective: To describe the development of a pediatric occupational therapy OSCE station to evaluate students’ use of a standardized assessment and examine its standard setting, failure rates, and psychometric properties.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study design.

Setting: Three OSCE stations in a university clinical skills center.

Participants: Five experienced occupational therapists, 60 examinees, 44 child standardized patients, 44 chaperones, and 15 examiners.

Measures: The sum of the rating scale and the global performance scores were used. The rating scale measured the examinee’s clinical competences in administering a standardized assessment. The 5-point global performance score was used to evaluate the examinee’s whole performance.

Results: The OCSE station’s expert validity was acceptable (item-level content validity index [CVI] = 0.8–1.0; scale-level CVI = 0.98). Passing scores according to the Angoff method (passing score = 14) and the contrasting-groups M–SD method (passing score = 13) were similar. Failure rates were high (61.7%–73.3%). Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s α = .78). No significant examiner effect was found (p = .554), and interexaminer reliability was acceptable (item score = 0.58–1.00; sum of the rating scale score = 0.97; global performance score = 0.79).

Conclusions and Relevance: The OSCE station for using a standardized assessment is a reliable and valid measure of students’ interpersonal communication skills and assessment skills.

What This Article Adds: The OSCE for education in pediatric occupational therapy is both effective and rigorous.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Infants With or at Risk for Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dionisio Monik Castillo , Terrill Alexandra L.
Published: February 2022

Importance: Although research shows that older children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) benefit from constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), the efficacy of CIMT among the infant population is unknown.

Objective: To explore the existing evidence on CIMT for infants age 24 mo and younger with CP or at risk for CP.

Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and ProQuest were searched.

Study Selection and Data Collection: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and American Occupational Therapy Association guidelines were used for abstracting data and assessing data quality. Two frameworks guided this scoping review. Studies met the following criteria: infants with hemiplegic CP, published in English between 2000 and 2020, peer reviewed, and addressed changes in upper limb function of the hemiplegic upper limb.

Findings: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria: 2 randomized controlled trials, 1 retrospective cohort design, 1 pretest–posttest study, 2 single-subject studies, and 2 case studies. In this scoping review, we examined CIMT protocols for an overview of dosage, constraint, administration, parent training and education, and objective outcome measures.

Conclusions and Relevance: Existing literature supports CIMT protocols for infants with CP. However, much variability exists in protocol design and appropriate outcome measures among studies. Higher level research is needed to support the efficacy of CIMT among infants with CP.

What This Article Adds: This scoping review summarizes the existing literature on CIMT for infants with hemiplegic CP. This information can help guide therapists to implement CIMT protocols in the clinical setting and to identify additional research to establish practice standards.
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation in a joint venture with immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: wang Liang , yu Zhong-Qiang , yao Ke-Lin , hu Jing-Song , gao Shao , zhu Lv-Cong , mia Rui-Ming
Published: February 2022

Successive current trials using immune response checkpoint blockade, the systemic therapy for progressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has shifted dramatically towards targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME). Locoregional therapies (LRTs) like radiofrequency ablation (RFA)/rhizotomy, trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and surgical resection in the initial stages are critical. LRTs perform the crucial task of modulating the immune system surrounding the tumor, which is of great importance in the prevailing era of developing immuno-oncology treatments and their direct effect on tumor cells. Significant efforts are needed in exploring the mechanisms of latest combinational approach to boost clinical advantage with tolerable side effects. The present review highlights the tumor microenvironment of HCC followed by current immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC. Next, we discussed the concealed mechanisms of LRTs given in combination with immunotherapy and their utilization in clinical practice.
A ENFERMAGEM E A NUTRIÇÃO NO TRATAMENTO HUMANIZADO E ACOMPANHAMENTO DE PACIENTES PORTADORES DE DCNTS
Authors: Penha Gustavo Monteiro , Júnior James de Oliveira
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Uma vida saudável consiste em uma homeostase biopsicossocial, possibilitando um bom funcionamento do organismo, e, consequentemente, uma melhor qualidade de vida. Um dos pilares para a manutenção desse equilíbrio é a alimentação saudável, que, por fatores socioeconômicos, nem sempre é alcançada. Como consequência disso se tem as DCNT (Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis), que, em seu maior índice, se destacam a Hipertensão e Diabetes mellitus (DM), sendo A DM uma das principais causas da mortalidade precoce, nesse sentido, a atuação da enfermagem em correlação com a nutrição é fundamental no manejo dos pacientes, possibilitando uma vida mais saudável. Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a importância da correlação entre a enfermagem e a nutrição no tratamento e acompanhamento de pacientes portadores de DCNTs. Materiais e métodos: O estudo foi realizado por meio de revisão bibliográfica, utilizando base de dados, tais como Capes, Scielo e Lilacs. Resultados: Ter conhecimento traz poder, e sua falta traz consigo a vulnerabilidade, contudo é notório que os conhecimentos obtidos pelos avanços científicos a respeito das patologias não são totalmente transmitidos à população geral, o que leva a problemática do enfrentamento das DCNT. sendo assim, de acordo com a OMS, cabe aos profissionais da saúde, transpor essas informações aos pacientes de forma humanizada e eficaz para que o tratamento surta o efeito esperado, melhorando a qualidade de vida, desse modo a atuação da enfermagem e da nutrição se torna imprescindível, pois o principal meio de controle é através de uma dieta saudável e assistência ofertada pela enfermagem nos meios de controle das doenças e orientação correta sobre o tratamento. Conclusão: Com o aumento dos portadores das DCNT, juntamente com o avanço da comunidade científica, se faz necessário uma metodologia diferenciada dentro das academias e instituições de ensino, trazendo questões Biopsicossociais, assim, entendendo o indivíduo como um todo, podendo levar o conhecimento de forma mais humanizada. A união do conhecimento científico do enfermeiro e nutricionista juntamente com ações de promoção à saúde, pode resultar ao paciente diagnosticado uma melhor efetividade no entendimento do seu próprio tratamento e, por consequência, na qualidade de vida.
Threats to Decolonial Immanent Ethics
Authors: Maistry Suriamurthee
Published: February 2022

The last three decades have witnessed a distinct shift in the identity and purpose of higher education across the world. From being a site for predominantly public institutions offering a Humboltian social good, higher education has morphed towards narrowly responding to powerful national economic growth imperatives. Both public and private institutions now compete aggressively along neoliberal market principles to provide an economic good. African higher education is not immune to such persuasions. There is now aggressive competition for students, personnel, and physical and economic resources. An insidious performativity discourse has become normalised, emphasising outcomes, throughputs, and performance measurements. This culture is likely to impact the work of the academe, especially as it relates to research and scholarship, is without question. There is little contention that the understanding and application of fundamental ethical principles in the conduct of research is likely to be threatened. Contemplating (South) African research ethics in institutions whose governance is inspired by the traditional colonial (Anglo) model that pledges allegiance to a heterosexual white male value system, which requires a critical deconstruction in the face of transformation and social cohesion discourses that urge the rejection of race and race markers and a discounting of identity politics. This conceptual article considers how we might mitigate the deleterious effects of a neoliberal higher education milieu and the marginalising of (Black) race as a compelling socio-cultural resource. This paper argues for a transition from a narrow, technical, ethical compliance towards understanding and applying Deleuzian immanent ethics.
COVID'S EFFECTS ON HIGHER EDUCATION:FROM CHALLENGES TO OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Vus Viktor , Khudoba Oleksandra , Zayats Diana , Klos Liliia , Shkoliar Mariana , Flaherty Maureen , Kovalchuk Oleksandr
Published: February 2022

This research embraces medical and social issues that lead to changes particularly in the activities of higher education systems, focusing first of all, on the functioning of higher education institutions in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the “quarantine” period. This research is designed to attract the attention of decision-makers and society in general to the importance of a focus on mental health in the higher-education system and to highlight these issues as a part of educational policy in the process of adapting to new living conditions during and after the quarantine period. As educators in different universities, we have noticed many shifts in energy and mood in ourselves and our students during the tsunami of changes brought on by COVID-19. As the way we deliver education pivots and pivots again, rather than just weather these changes, this research seeks to identify just what those changes are, how they are being addressed and the impact of them. The article analyses the reasons that brought the world community to actively study the social, psychological and mental consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on students and staff of higher-education institution in general. Special attention in the article is given to the peculiarities of maintaining and saving the psychological health of students in conditions of chronic fatigue, overwork and ongoing stress. Based on the existing strategic` analysis and through the prism of the COVID-19 determinants, the main directions for changes in higher education institutions are proposed so as to preserve the mental health of people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the period of quarantine, and following.
Praktik Kekuasaan pada lagu “Tersiksa lagi” Karya Christ Kayhatu, George Lewakabessy
Authors: Kundiman Ryan
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini menganaliisis karya lagu Christ Kayhatu dan George Lewakabessy yang berjudul “Tersiksa Lagi” pada album “Nada dan Apresiasi” yang merupakan debut album pertama Utha Likumahuwa pada tahun 1970-an. Karya lagu ini sangat persis dengan karya yang diciptakan oleh ramsey Lewis seorang pemain Piano dan Komponis yang berasal dari Amerika. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis wacana melalui teori hegemoni Anthony Gramsci, teori ideologi interpelasi Louis Althusser dan teori Mitos Roland Barthes.
Nilai Edukatif Dalam Pelatihan Paduan Suara Pemuda di Jemaat Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa Getsemani Paal IV Manado
Authors: Katihokang Ebenhaezer , Lapian Alrik , Pandaleke Stefanny Mersiany
Published: February 2022

Paduan suara pemuda Jemaat GMIM Getsemani Paal IV Manado merupakan salah satu wadah yang dibentuk dengan tujuan untuk menampung dan mengembangkan talenta dalam bermusik bagi para pemuda juga sebagai sarana untuk menunjang peribadatan dalam Jemaat. Kehadiran paduan suara ini berdampak positif pada anggota paduan suara, antara lain timbulnya kesadaran tentang disiplin waktu selama proses pelatihan, kemampuan bersosialisasi, dampak terhadap kesehatan fisik maupun spiritualitas serta kemampuan musikal baik itu membaca notasi juga kualitas bernyanyi dari hari ke hari mengalami peningkatan dan makin baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai edukatif dalam pelatihan paduan suara serta menganalisis dan menjelaskan nilai edukatif yang terimplementasi dalam proses pelatihan paduan suara pemuda di Jemaat GMIM Getsemani Paal IV Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai edukatif dalam pelatihan paduan suara pemuda. Nilai-nilai tersebut adalah: pembentukan nilai spiritual, pembentukan nilai emosi/karakter, pembentukan nilai intelektual dan pembetukan nilai fisik. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kehadiran kelompok paduan suara pemuda sangat berdampak pada perilaku pemuda itu sendiri karena terdapat nilai edukatif yang diperoleh dalam proses pelatihan.
A new method to quantify particulate sodium and potassium salts (nitrate, chloride, and sulfate) by thermal desorption aerosol mass spectrometry
Authors: Kobayashi Yuya , Takegawa Nobuyuki
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The reaction of sea salt (or biomass burning) particles with
sulfuric acid and nitric acid leads to the displacement of chloride relative
to sodium (or potassium). We have developed a new particle mass spectrometer
to quantify non-refractory and refractory sulfate aerosols (referred to as
refractory aerosol thermal desorption mass spectrometer: rTDMS). The
combination of a graphite particle collector and a carbon dioxide laser
enables high desorption temperature (blackbody equivalent radiation
temperature of up to 930 ∘C). Ion signals originating from evolved
gas molecules are detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Here we
propose a new method to quantify the mass concentrations of sodium nitrate
(NaNO3: SN), sodium chloride (NaCl: SC), sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4: SS), potassium nitrate (KNO3: PN), potassium
chloride (KCl: PC), and potassium sulfate (K2SO4: PS) particles by
using the rTDMS. Laboratory experiments were performed to test the
sensitivities of the rTDMS to various types of particles. We measured ion
signals originating from single-component particles for each compound and
found a good linearity (r2>0.8) between the major ion signals and mass loadings. We also measured ion signals originating from internally mixed SN + SC + SS (or PN + PC + PS) particles and found
that the temporal profiles of ion signals at m/z 23 (Na+) (or 39; K+) were characterized by three sequential peaks associated with the evolution of the desorption temperature. We tested potential interferences in the quantification of sea salt particles under real-world conditions by artificially generating “modified” sea salt particles from a mixture of diluted seawater and SN (or SS) solution. The SS/SC ratios estimated from the ion signals at m/z 23, 36 (H35Cl+), and 48 (SO+) agreed well with those predicted from the solution concentrations to within ∼10 %. The SN/SC ratios estimated from the ion signals at m/z 30 (NO+) and 36 also agreed with those predicted from the solution concentrations to within ∼15 %, whereas the SN/SC ratios estimated from m/z 23 were significantly lower than the predicted values. Based on these experimental results, the applicability of the rTDMS to ambient measurements of sea salt particles is discussed.
Spectral replacement using machine learning methods for continuous mapping of Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)
Authors: Lee Yeeun , Ahn Myoung-Hwan , Kang Mina , Eo Mijin
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Earth radiance in the form of hyperspectral data contains useful information on atmospheric constituents and aerosol properties. The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is an environmental sensor measuring such hyperspectral data in the ultraviolet and visible (UV/VIS) spectral range over the Asia-Pacific region. After successful completion of the in orbit test of GEMS in October 2020, bad pixels are found as a remaining calibration issue to be updated with follow-up treatment. Currently, one-dimensional interpolation in the spatial direction is performed in operation to replace the erroneous pixels of GEMS, which causes high interpolation error for a wider defect area on a detector array. To resolve the issue, this study suggests machine learning methods with artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate linear regression (Linear) to fill in a spectral gap of defective spectra. The machine learning models are trained with normal measurements to emulate spectral relations between input and output radiances in a spectrum. For efficient training, dimensionality reduction for the input radiances is applied with principal component analysis (PCA) prior to the training process. The results show that the defect area at the wavelengths of strong absorption lines is better replaced with PCA-ANN with the error of 5 %, while PCA-Linear is better for reproducing radiances having strong correlation with input radiances. The shorter the spectral range of output radiances is, the smaller the prediction error is with PCA-Linear (0.5–5 %). Spectral and spatial discontinuity caused by real bad pixels can be significantly improved with the trained machine learning models especially for wide defect areas. This study verifies that spectral relations of radiances in the UV/VIS spectrum are successfully reproduced with a simple machine learning model, which has high potential to be investigated further for enhancing measurement quality of environmental satellite measurements.
Reconstruction of Mercury's internal magnetic field beyond the octupole
Authors: Toepfer Simon , Oertel Ida , Schiron Vanita , Narita Yasuhito , Glassmeier Karl-Heinz , Heyner Daniel , Kolhey Patrick , Motschmann Uwe
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The reconstruction of Mercury's internal magnetic field enables us to take a look into the inner heart of Mercury. In view of the BepiColombo mission, Mercury's magnetosphere is simulated using a hybrid plasma code, and the multipoles of the internal magnetic field are estimated from the virtual spacecraft data using three distinct reconstruction methods: the truncated singular value decomposition, the Tikhonov regularization and Capon's minimum variance projection. The study shows that a precise determination of Mercury's internal field beyond the octupole up to the dotriacontapole is possible and that Capon's method provides the same high performance as the Tikhonov regularization, which is superior to the performance of the truncated singular value decomposition.
Effect of nitrogen limitation and soil biophysics on Holocene greening of the Sahara
Authors: Lee Jooyeop , Claussen Martin , Kim Jeongwon , Hong Je-Woo , Song In-Sun , Hong Jinkyu
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The so-called Green Sahara (GS), which was a wet and vegetative
Sahara region in the early to mid-Holocene, provides useful information on
our climate simulation because it is a consequence of complex interaction
between biophysical and climatic processes. It is still a challenge to
simulate the GS in terms of vegetative extent and precipitation using
current climate models. This study attempts to simulate the
Green Sahara 8000 years ago by using the state-of-the-art Earth system model CESM that
incorporates the nitrogen cycle and the soil–precipitation feedbacks. Our
study puts more emphasis on the impact of soil biophysical properties (e.g., bare-soil albedo, porosity, heat capacity, and hydraulic conductivity) and
soil nitrogen influenced by soil organic matter on the simulation of the GS.
In this coupled simulation, vegetation interacts with changes in soil
properties and soil organic matter by phenology, decomposition, and
allocation of carbon and nitrogen. With changes in the Earth's orbit and
dust in the early to mid-Holocene, the model simulates increased
precipitation in North Africa but does not capture the extent of the GS.
Our analysis shows that the Holocene greening is simulated better if the
amount of soil nitrogen and soil texture is properly modified for the humid and vegetative GS period. Soil biochemical and physical properties increase precipitation and vegetation cover in North Africa through their influence on photosynthesis and surface albedo as well as their consequent enhanced albedo–precipitation and evapotranspiration–precipitation feedbacks. Our findings suggest that future climate simulation needs to consider consequent changes in soil nitrogen and texture with changes in vegetation cover and density for proper climate simulations.
Mesoscale observations of temperature and salinity in the Arctic Transpolar Drift: a high-resolution dataset from the MOSAiC Distributed Network
Authors: Hoppmann Mario , Kuznetsov Ivan , Fang Ying-Chih , Rabe Benjamin
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Measurements targeting mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the ice-covered part of the Arctic Ocean are sparse in all seasons. As a result, there are signiﬁcant knowledge gaps with respect to these processes, in particular related to the role of eddies and fronts in the coupled ocean–atmosphere–sea ice system. Here we present a unique observational dataset of upper ocean temperature and salinity collected by a set of buoys installed on ice ﬂoes as part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Distributed Network. The multi-sensor systems, each of them equipped with ﬁve temperature and salinity recorders on a 100 m long inductive modem tether, drifted together with the main MOSAiC ice camp through the Arctic Transpolar Drift between October 2019 and August 2020. They transmitted hydrographic in situ data via the iridium satellite network at 10 minute intervals. While three buoys failed early due to ice dynamics, ﬁve of them recorded data continuously for 10 months. Four units were successfully recovered in early August 2020, additionally yielding internally stored instrument data at 2 minute intervals. The raw datasets (Hoppmann et al., 2021i) were merged, processed, quality-controlled and validated using independent measurements. Upon acceptance of the manuscript, the ﬁnally processed dataset (currently under moratorium) will be made publicly available under Hoppmann et al. (2022i). As an important part of the MOSAiC physical oceanography program, this unique dataset has many synergies with the manifold co-located observational datasets, and is expected to yield signiﬁcant insights into ocean processes, and to contribute to the validation of high-resolution numerical simulations.
A daily highest air temperature estimation method and spatial-temporal changes analysis of high temperature in China from 1979 to 2018
Authors: Wang Ping , Mao Kebiao , Meng Fei , Qin Zhihao , Fang Shu , Bateni Sayed M. , Almazroui Mansour
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The daily highest air temperature (Tmax) is a key parameter for global and regional high temperature analysis, which is very difficult to be obtained in areas where there are no meteorological observation stations. This study proposes an estimation framework for obtaining high-precision Tmax. Firstly, we build a near surface air temperature diurnal variation model to estimate Tmax for China from 1979 to 2018 based on multi-source data. Then in order to further improve the estimation accuracy, we divided China into six regions according to climate conditions and topography, and established calibration models for different region. The analysis shows that the mean absolute error (MAE) of the dataset (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5602897) is about 1.07 °C and RMSE is 1.52 °C, which improves the accuracy of the traditional method by nearly 1 °C. The spatial-temporal variations analysis of Tmax in China indicated that the annual and seasonal mean Tmax in most areas of China showed an increasing trend. In summer and autumn, the Tmax in northeast China increased the fastest among the six regions, which were 0.4 °C/10a and 0.39 °C/10a, respectively. The number of summer days and warm days showed an increasing trend in all regions, while the number of icing days and cold days showed a decreasing trend. The abnormal temperature changes mainly occurred in El Niño years or La Niña years. We found that the influence of the Indian Ocean Basin Warming (IOBW) on air temperature in China were generally greater than those of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the NINO3.4 area sea surface temperature after making analysis of ocean climate modal indices with air temperature. In general, this Tmax dataset and analysis are of great significance to the study of climate change in China, especially for environmental protection.
Assessing the role of thermal disequilibrium in the evolution of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary: An idealized model of heat exchange during channelized melt-transport
Authors: Roy Mousumi
Published: February 2022

Abstract. This study explores how the continental lithospheric mantle (CLM) may be heated during channelized melt transport when there is thermal disequilibrium between (melt-rich) channels and surrounding (melt-poor) regions. Specifically, I explore the role of disequilibrium heat exchange in weakening and destabilizing the lithosphere from beneath as melts infiltrate into the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). During equilibration, hotter-than-ambient melts would be expected to heat the surrounding CLM, but we lack an understanding of the expected spatio-temporal scales and how these depend on channel geometries, infiltration duration, and transport rates. This study utilizes a 1D model of thermal disequilibrium between melt-rich channels and the surrounding melt-poor region, parameterized by the volume fraction of channels (Φ), relative velocity across channel walls (vchannel), channel spacing (d), and timescale of episodic melt-infiltration (τ). The results suggest that, during episodic infiltration of hotter-than-ambient melt, a steady-state thermal reworking zone (TRZ) associated with spatio-temporally varying disequilibrium heat exchange forms at the LAB. The TRZ grows by the transient migration of a disequilibrium-heating front at a material dependent velocity, reaching a maximum steady-state width δ ~ [Φvchannel (τ / d)2]. The spatio-temporal scales associated with establishment of the TRZ are comparable with those inferred for the migration of the LAB based on geologic observations within continental intra-plate settings, such as the western US. For geologically-reasonable values of Φ, vchannel, d, and τ, disequilibrium heating within the TRZ may contribute at least 10−3 W/m3 to the LAB heat budget.
Dynamics of soil aggregate-related stoichiometric characteristics with tea-planting age and soil depth in the southern Guangxi of China
Authors: Mao Ling , Ye Shaoming , Wang Shengqiang
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Soil ecological stoichiometry offers a sort of effective way to explore the distribution, cycling, limitation, and balance of chemical elements in tea plantation ecosystems. This study was aim to explore how soil organic C (OC) and nutrient contents (total N (TN), total P (TP), Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+) as well as their stoichiometric ratios (C / N, C / P, N / P, Ca / Mg, and Fe / Mn) vary with tea-planting age (8, 17, 25, and 43 years) and soil depth (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) at the aggregate scales in the southern Guangxi of China. Our results showed that tea-planting age and soil depth significantly influenced soil stoichiometric characteristics in various sized aggregates. In different aged tea plantations, soil OC, TN, and TP contents as well as C / N, C / P, and N / P ratios significantly decreased as the soil depth increased. In addition, soil Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents were significantly lower in the surface soil layer than the deeper soil layer, whereas soil Fe2+ and Mn2+ contents showed totally opposite trends, and no significant differences were detected among different soil depths in Ca / Mg and Fe / Mn ratios. Tea-planting age could influence the variations in soil stoichiometric characteristics, but such effects were more obvious at the 0–40 cm soil depth in contrast to the 40–60 cm soil depth. At the 0–40 cm soil depth, continuous planting of tea was beneficial for the cumulation of soil OC, total N (TN), Fe2+, and Mn2+, whereas soil Ca2+ and Mg2+ were susceptible to leaching losses over time. Compared with other tea-planting regions in China, soil C / N ratio was higher in this tea-planting region, whereas soil C / P and N / P ratios were much lower, indicating the lower contents of soil OC and TN, especially the TN. Therefore, an appropriate increase in the amount of N fertilizer should be applied in this tea-planting region. During the process of tea planting, the losses of soil Ca2+ and Mg2+, especially the Ca2+ (as indicated by the decrease in soil Ca / Mg ratio), could lead to the soil acidification. Soil acidification could reduce Fe2+ absorption and enhance Mn2+ uptake by tea plant (as indicated by the increase in soil Fe / Mn ratio), thereby causing the aggravation of Fe2+ insufficiency and the emergence of Mn2+ toxicity to tea plant. Overall, this study improved the understanding of soil OC and nutrient dynamics in tea plantation ecosystems, and also provided supplementary information for soil ecological stoichiometry in global terrestrial ecosystems.
Geometric controls of tidewater glacier dynamics
Authors: Frank Thomas , Åkesson Henning , de Fleurian Basile , Morlighem Mathieu , Nisancioglu Kerim H.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Retreat of marine outlet glaciers often initiates depletion of inland ice through dynamic adjustments of the upstream glacier. The local topography of a fjord may promote or inhibit such retreat, and therefore fjord geometry constitutes a critical control on ice sheet mass balance. To quantify the processes of ice–topography interactions and enhance the understanding of the dynamics involved, we analyze a multitude of topographic fjord settings and scenarios using the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM). We systematically study glacier retreat through a variety of artificial fjord geometries and quantify the modeled dynamics directly in relation to topographic features. We find that retreat in an upstream-widening or upstream-deepening fjord does not necessarily promote retreat, as suggested by previous studies. Conversely, it may stabilize a glacier because converging ice flow towards a constriction enhances lateral and basal shear stress gradients. An upstream-narrowing or upstream-shoaling fjord, in turn, may promote retreat since fjord walls or bed provide little stability to the glacier where ice flow diverges. Furthermore, we identify distinct quantitative relationships directly linking grounding line discharge and retreat rate to fjord topography and transfer these results to a long-term study of the retreat of Jakobshavn Isbræ. These findings offer new perspectives on ice–topography interactions and give guidance to an ad hoc assessment of future topographically induced ice loss based on knowledge of the upstream fjord geometry.
Halving of Swiss glacier volume since 1931 observed from terrestrial image photogrammetry
Authors: Mannerfelt Erik Schytt , Dehecq Amaury , Hugonnet Romain , Hodel Elias , Huss Matthias , Bauder Andreas , Farinotti Daniel
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The monitoring of glaciers in Switzerland has a long tradition, yet glacier changes during the 20th century are only known through sparse observations. Here, we estimate a halving of Swiss glacier volumes between 1931 and 2016 by mapping historical glacier elevation changes at high resolution. Our analysis relies on a terrestrial image archive known as TerrA, which covers about 86 % of the Swiss glacierised area with 21,703 images acquired during the period 1916–1947 (1931 on average). We developed a semi-automated workflow to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) from these images, resulting in a 45 % total glacier coverage. Using the geodetic method, we estimate a Swiss-wide glacier mass balance of –0.52 ± 0.09 m w.e. a−1 between 1931 and 2016. This equates to a 51.5 ± 6.1 % loss in glacier volume. We find that low elevation, high debris cover, and gently sloping glacier termini are conductive to particularly high mass losses. In addition to these glacier-specific, quasi- centennial elevation changes, we present a new inventory of glacier outlines with known timestamps and complete attributes from around 1931. The fragmented spatial coverage and temporal heterogeneity of the TerrA archive are the largest sources of uncertainty in our glacier-specific estimates, reaching up to 0.50 m w.e. a−1. We suggest that the high-resolution mapping of historic surface elevations could unlock great potentials also for research fields other than glaciology.
Ongoing grounding line retreat and fracturation initiated at the Petermann Glacier ice shelf, Greenland after 2016
Authors: Millan Romain , Mouginot Jeremie , Derkacheva Anna , Rignot Eric , Milillo Pietro , Ciraci Enrico , Dini Luigi , Bjørk Anders
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The Petermann ice shelf is one of the largest in Greenland, buttressing 4 % of the total ice sheet discharge, and is considered dynamically stable. In this study, we use differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry to reconstruct the grounding line migration between 1992 and 2021. Over the last thirty years, we find that the grounding line of Petermann retreated 4 km, 7.5 km and 4.5 km in the western, central and eastern sectors, respectively. However, it is only since 2017 that the glacier has undergone a significant retreat in its central section, receding more than 5 km along a retrograde bed grounded 500 m below sea level. Simultaneously, two large fractures developed, splitting the ice shelf in three sections, with partially decoupled flow regime. The retreat followed the warming of the ocean waters by 0.4 °C in Nares Strait. As a result, the glacier sped up by 15 % in 2016–2018. While the central sector stabilized on a sill, the eastern flank is sitting on top of a down-slopping bed, which might accentuate the glacier retreat in the coming years.
Meso- to microscale modeling of atmospheric stability effects on wind turbine wake behavior in complex terrain
Authors: Wise Adam S. , Neher James M. T. , Arthur Robert S. , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Lundquist Julie K. , Chow Fotini K.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Terrain-induced flow phenomena modulate wind turbine performance and wake behavior in ways that are not adequately accounted for in typical wind
turbine wake and wind plant design models. In this work, we simulate flow over two parallel ridges with a wind turbine on one of the ridges,
focusing on conditions observed during the Perdigão field campaign in 2017. Two case studies are selected to be representative of typical flow
conditions at the site, including the effects of atmospheric stability: a stable case where a mountain wave occurs (as in ∼ 50 % of the
nights observed) and a convective case where a recirculation zone forms in the lee of the ridge with the turbine (as occurred over 50 % of the
time with upstream winds normal to the ridgeline). We use the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), dynamically downscaled from the
mesoscale (6.75 km resolution) to microscale large-eddy simulation (LES) at 10 m resolution, where a generalized actuator disk
(GAD) wind turbine parameterization is used to simulate turbine wakes. We compare the WRF–LES–GAD model results to data from meteorological towers,
lidars, and a tethered lifting system, showing good qualitative and quantitative agreement for both case studies. Significantly, the wind turbine wake shows different amounts of vertical deflection from the terrain and persistence downstream in the two stability regimes. In the stable case, the wake follows the terrain along with the mountain wave and deflects downwards by nearly 100 m below hub height at four rotor diameters downstream. In the convective case, the wake deflects above the recirculation zone over 40 m above hub height at the same downstream distance. Overall, the WRF–LES–GAD model is able to capture the observed behavior of the wind turbine wakes, demonstrating the model's ability to represent wakes over complex terrain for two distinct and representative atmospheric stability classes, and, potentially, to improve wind turbine siting and operation in hilly landscapes.