bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potential application of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Elekhnawy Engy , Negm Walaa A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Given the severe infection, poor prognosis, and the low number of available effective drugs, potential prevention and treatment strategies for COVID-19 need to be urgently developed.

Main body

Herein, we present and discuss the possible protective and therapeutic mechanisms of human microbiota and probiotics based on the previous and recent findings. Microbiota and probiotics consist of mixed cultures of living microorganisms that can positively affect human health through their antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effect. In the current study, we address the promising advantages of microbiota and probiotics in decreasing the risk of COVID-19.

Conclusions

Thus, we recommend further studies be conducted for assessing and evaluating the capability of these microbes in the battle against COVID-19.
The experiential perspectives of siblings and partners caring for a loved one with an eating disorder in the UK
Authors: Batchelor Rachel , Cribben Hannah , Macdonald Pamela , Treasure Janet , Cini Erica , Nicholls Dasha , Kan Carol
Published: March 2022

Background

Caring for a loved one with an eating disorder typically comes with a multitude of challenges, yet siblings and partners are often overlooked. It is important to understand if current clinical guidance for supporting carers are effective and being utilised for these groups, to help meet their needs.

Aims

To identify the experiential perspectives of siblings and partners of a loved one with an eating disorder compared with guidance for improving the adequacy of support provided to carers published by Beat and Academy for Eating Disorders.

Method

Three online focus groups were held for ten siblings and five partners from across the UK (12 females and three males). Carers had experience of caring for a loved one with anorexia nervosa (13 carers) or bulimia nervosa (two carers), across a range of therapeutic settings. Focus group transcriptions were analysed with thematic analysis.

Results

Four key themes were identified: (a) role-specific needs, (b) challenges encountered by siblings and partners, (c) generic needs and helpful strategies or approaches, and (d) accounts of service provision and family support.

Conclusions

Overall, the majority of experiences reported by siblings and partners did not meet the published guidance. Consequently, clinical practice recommendations were identified for services, alongside the charity sector, to take a proactive approach in detecting difficulties, providing skills training and emotional/practical support, adapting/tailoring peer support groups and supporting online facilitation. Our findings part-informed the design of our national online survey on loved ones’ experiences of care in eating disorders.
Lenvatinib Therapy for Advanced Thyroid Cancer: Real-Life Data on Safety, Efficacy, and Some Rare Side Effects
Authors: Hamidi Sarah , Boucher Andrée , Lemieux Bernard , Rondeau Geneviève , Lebœuf Rebecca , Ste-Marie Louis-Georges , Le Xuan Kim , Mircescu Hortensia
Published: March 2022

Context

The SELECT trial led to the approval of lenvatinib for the treatment of advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) but also revealed an important adverse event (AE) profile which may limit its use in clinical practice.

Objective

We aim to describe the efficacy and toxicity profiles of lenvatinib in real life.

Methods

We included all patients who received lenvatinib for an advanced DTC at our institution, enrolling 27 patients. We reviewed retrospectively electronic medical records to assess efficacy and AEs.

Results

Among the 24 patients with evaluation of tumor response during treatment, overall response rate (ORR) was 37.0% (95% CI, 19.4%-57.6%), and disease control rate was 85.2% (95% CI, 66.3%-95.8%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12 months (95% CI, 7.5-16.5]. The most prevalent AEs were hypertension (77.8%), fatigue (55.6%), and weight loss (51.9%). At least one grade ≥ 3 AE was experienced by 25/27 patients (92.6%), mostly hypertension (59.3%). Lenvatinib was discontinued due to AEs in 13/27 patients (48.1%). Interestingly, 1 patient experienced a grade 4 posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and another developed a Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Conclusion

The safety profile of lenvatinib in our cohort was similar to that reported in the literature, with a predominance of hypertension. Rigorous blood pressure control is therefore essential to avoid discontinuing therapy. We also report 2 severe and rarely described AEs that physicians should watch for. As for efficacy, although less than in the SELECT trial, ORR and PFS were similar to other real-life studies.
Four Editorials from Bint al-Nīl
Authors: Abi Samra Tom J.
Published: March 2022

This article is in two parts. The first part provides an overview of the life of the Egyptian feminist Doria Shafik (1908–1975) by drawing extensively on the work of her biographer Cynthia Nelson. This allows readers unfamiliar with Shafik to understand her social, political, and cultural milieu. The second part consists of translations from the Arabic of four editorials that Shafik wrote in her feminist magazine Bint al-Nīl.
How Hate Crime Laws Perpetuate Anti-Muslim Racism
Authors: Alsultany Evelyn
Published: March 2022

This essay focuses on two cases in which Muslim youth were murdered yet law enforcement refused to classify the murders as hate crimes. It examines the 2015 murders of Deah Barakat, Yusor Abu-Salha, and Razan Abu-Salha in Chapel Hill, North Carolina and the 2017 murder of Nabra Hassanen in Reston, Virginia. This author argues that the denial of these cases as hate crimes contributes to the diminishment of anti-Muslim racism and should be understood as a form of racial gaslighting—a systematic denial of the persistence and severity of racism. In conversation with those advocating for rethinking the criminal justice system through prison abolition and restorative justice, it posits that seeking state recognition for hate crimes cannot provide justice given that the state is responsible for constructing Muslims as a national security threat. It explores how anti-Muslim racism is upheld through extremely narrow and problematic definitions of racism and hate crimes, through an approach to hate crimes that prioritizes punishment over civil rights, and through creating a dilemma for Muslim communities who must seek recognition of anti-Muslim racism from the same state that enacts surveillance and violence on them.
The History of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery in Zurich
Authors: Oertel Markus Florian , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Baumann Christian Rainer , Regli Luca , Stieglitz Lennart Henning
Published: March 2022

Zurich's stereotactic and functional neurosurgery (SFN) has a rich legacy beginning with the studies of the physiologist and Nobel prize winner Walter Rudolf Hess over the efforts of the neurosurgeons Hugo Krayenbühl and Mahmut Gazi Yaşargil up to the work of the functional surgeon Jean Siegfried and the modern era of SFN and neuromodulation. A comprehensive review and synthesis of data acquired from institutional archives and personal interviews as well as from journal articles, included references, proceedings of scientific meetings, staff biographies, and book publications were performed to gain insight into Zurich's long journey toward contemporary SFN and to highlight its stereotactic and functional history with special reference to the development of deep brain stimulation. Zurich's history of medicine includes decisive moments for the fundamentals and development of SFN. After an early period of innovation and research later followed by a long time of clinical application during the 20th century, it became quieter at the turn of the century. Since the end of the 2000s, an impressive renaissance occurred in Zurich that revived its rich SFN tradition.
Small area estimation for South African resource distribution and policy impacts during COVID-19
Authors: Ferreira Thomas , Stone Wendy , Vercuil Emile , Lourens Marna , Made Nolwandle , Madonsela Thuli
Published: March 2022

The South African constitutional social justice commitment and equality duty requires that everyone is treated with equal consideration, but also tilts the scales in favour of the most disadvantaged. This paper explores the challenge of utilising publicly available data to promote social justice in resource distribution and fair access to essential services during crisis regulations, and explores Small Area Estimation (SAE) as a method to overcome some of these data challenges. The paper evaluates the strengths and limitations of the primary South African datasets that were available to inform fiscal and resource relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing economic crisis. The potential to use SAE was found to be limited due to data constraints but statistics were generated at a district council level from data statistically representative at national level. This demonstrated stark disparities in hunger, access to medical products and piped water - all critical equality considerations during a pandemic. However, the level of disaggregation achieved with SAE is shown to be ineffective to represent the geographical disparities indicative of the true South African population, where extreme inequalities manifest in much closer proximities. This supports the need for improved statistical tools and more targeted and resolved data gathering efforts, to inform fair, social-impact conscious and equality-congruent regulatory impact, as well as just fiscal relief during crisis. Particularly, this work proposes the development of such tools and repositories outside of crisis times, to facilitate awareness of equality and justice issues during the tensions of national crisis.
The effect of snakehead fish extract on acute wound healing process in hyperglycemic rats
Authors: Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Marsella Caroline Prisilia , Bukhari Agussalim , Cangara Muhammad Husni , Aman Andi Makbul , Aminuddin Aminuddin , Madjid Mardiana
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Wound healing is an integrated response to tissue injury. A hyperglycemic state can lead to delayed wound healing process. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is native freshwater fish of South East Asia that contains high protein, albumin, and several micronutrients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of snakehead fish extract on acute wound healing process in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats.

Methods: This study was an experimental trial on the hyperglycemic animal model. Thirty male Wistar streptozotocin-induced rats were divided into two groups which were then given snakehead fish extract (Pujimin Plus®) 81mg a day for 10 days after wound infliction in intervention group and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (Na-CMC) in control group. On day 0, day 3, and day 10 after wound infliction, the histological changes (number of neutrophil and fibroblast, and vascular changes of the wounded tissues) of each group were analyzed. Assessments were also made on erythema and crust formation by the visual scores.

Results: Our study showed a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts on day 3 in the snakehead fish extract group compared to control group (40.33 ± 10.13 vs. 24.60 ± 10.25, p =0.04). There were no significant differences in vasculature and neutrophil numbers. The results also showed snakehead fish extract could decrease mean erythema visual score on day 3 (3.24 ± 0.25 vs. 3.64 ± 0.35) and decreased crust formation on day 5 (3.36 ± 0.75 vs 3.44 ± 0.83).

Conclusions: Snakehead fish extract has potential effect to accelerate the wound healing process by increasing fibroblast, decreasing erythema, and decreasing crust formation in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats.
Implementing adaptive youth-centered adolescent sexual reproductive health programming: learning from the Adolescents 360 project in Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Nigeria (2016-2020)
Authors: Wilson Matthew , Cutherell Meghan , Musau Abednego , Malakoff Sara , Coppola Alexis , Ayenekulu Metsehate , Mtei Edwin , Ogbondeminu Fifi
Published: March 2022

Adolescents 360 (A360) was a 4.5-year project working directly with young people to increase demand for, and voluntary uptake of, modern contraception among adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years. A360 utilized human centered design (HCD) to create four adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) interventions across three countries - Smart Start in Ethiopia, Kuwa Mjanja in Tanzania, Matasa Matan Arewa (MMA) in northern Nigeria, and 9ja Girls in southern Nigeria. A360’s interventions tap into girls’ aspirations and position contraception as a tool that can support them in pursuing their life goals. As A360 transitioned from its first program phase into its follow-on in 2020, the project examined what it had accomplished, where it had failed, and what it had learned in the process, with the goal of contributing to the global evidence base and building on these lessons in its follow-on program. A360 draws out five key lessons in this publication. These lessons speak to 1) the value of A360’s aspirational program components and the need to meaningfully support girls to pursue their life goals holistically; 2) the necessity of taking a consistent and rigorous approach to improving the enabling environment for contraceptive use to promote transformative change; 3) the need to find program and measurement approaches that respond to girls’ unique patterns of sexual activity, and support contraceptive continuation; 4) the usefulness of continuous program improvement during implementation to maintain a user-centered focus and create a culture of curiosity and innovation; and 5) the tension between designing for users and beginning with program sustainability in mind from the outset. A360 continues to grow in its understanding of what it takes to support sustained, transformative, holistic change for adolescent girls and commits to openness and transparency regarding successes and failures during its next project phase.
The genome sequence of the pebble prominent, Notodonta ziczac (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Boyes Douglas ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Lewin Thomas ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual maleNotodonta ziczac(the pebble prominent; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Notodontidae). The genome sequence is 352 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.66%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Z sex chromosome assembled. The mitochondrial genome was also assembled, and is 18.3 kilobases in length.
Paddy Stubble Management: A Study on Farmers’ Opinions
Authors: Sangwan Vikramaditya , Deswal Surinder
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study is to examine the paddy straw management practices by farmers amidst the various difficulties faced by them in terms of machinery, resources, etc. The study was conducted in Rohtak district of Haryana (India). A well-structured interview schedule was formulated and one hundred farmers were interviewed accordingly. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for the selection of twenty paddy growing farmers from each of the blocks viz. Rohtak, Sampla, Meham, Lakhan Majra and Kalanaur of the selected district. The data was analysed, tabulated and the results were drawn using the statistical tools of SPSS and MS Excel. The Chi-square test was used to establish the relation between the paddy straw management technologies and the reasons for non-adoption of these technologies.

It is found that maximum number of farmers are marginal land holders. Many farmers are unaware of the conservation techniques to manage paddy stubble viz. use of decomposers, etc. The high cost and low availability of paddy stubble management machinery also plague the farmers. The results of the study help in understanding the behaviours of farmers towards tackling the paddy stubble. Also, useful inputs can be drawn to design, manufacture and adopt the agricultural implements for stubble management.

The study is based on a sample of just hundred farmers and is limited to Rohtak district only.

Nevertheless, the study is valuable for it comprehensively interrelates the myriad aspects of paddy stubble management in the stubble burning prone area of Rohtak.
Znieczulenie porodu – aktualny stan wiedzy
Authors: Janowski Jacek
Published: March 2022

Znieczulenia porodów posiadają wieloletnią historię od epoki eteru i chloroformu z połowy XIX wieku do czasów współczesnych - metod kompleksowego podejścia do leczenia bólu porodowego z wykorzystaniem medycyny opartej na dowodach (EBM). Najnowsze techniki analgezji regionalnej obejmują niskodawkowe znieczulenie zewnątrzoponowe umożliwiające chodzenie pacjentek oraz kontrolowany przez pacjentkę wlew środka znieczulającego do przestrzeni ZO, postępy w farmakoterapii pozwoliły wykorzystać remifentanyl do kontrolowanej przez pacjentkę analgezji dożylnej (PCA), pojawiły się nowe leki miejscowo znieczulające i adiuwanty do stosowania w analgezji zewnątrzoponowej, takie jak Ropiwakaina, Levobupiwakaina, Sufentanyl, Klonidyna, Neostygmina. Zastosowanie podtlenku azotu w mieszaninie z tlenem i wziewnych środków anestetycznych w postaci waporyzatorów osobistych z metoksyfluranem (Penthrox) wydaje się obiecującą metodą łagodzenia bólów porodowych. Postęp technologiczny, taki jak wykorzystanie ultradźwięków do lokalizacji przestrzeni zewnątrzoponowej w trudnych przypadkach, minimalizuje nieudane znieczulenie zewnątrzoponowe. Wprowadzenie nowatorskich metod podawania leków, takich jak pompy do znieczulenia zewnątrzoponowego kontrolowanego przez pacjenta (PCEA) poprawiły ogólny wskaźnik zadowolenia matek i umożliwiły dostosowanie odpowiedniego schematu przeciwbólowego dla każdej rodzącej. Ostatnie badania randomizowane i analizy Cochrane’a wykazały, że związek znieczulenia zewnątrzoponowego ze zwiększonym odsetkiem porodów zakończonych cięciem cesarskim i długotrwałym bólem pleców pozostaje tylko mitem. Badania wykazały również, że nowsze, niskodawkowe schematy analgezji nie mają statystycznie istotnego wpływu na czas trwania porodu i początek karmienia piersią, a także, że zmniejszają one odsetek porodów instrumentalnych, poprawiając w ten sposób bezpieczeństwo matek i płodów.
Responsibility for health - public awareness
Authors: Tomaszewska Katarzyna , Majchrowicz Bożena , Zimoń Paulina
Published: March 2022

Abstract Health is the most precious value of every human being. Attitudes concerning health behavior are determined by many factors. Patterns of actions are passed on from the earliest years by parents and caregivers, which are copied or changed during the course of life. The adoption of health behaviors changes depending on age, gender, economic conditions, the influence of mass media, advertising, personality traits, socio-cultural factors. However, a person himself is responsible for the behaviors he undertakes that have a positive or negative impact on his health.

The aim of this study is to assess the responsibility for one's own health and the health-promoting behaviors undertaken by the individuals surveyed.

Material and methods The study involved 100 randomly selected residents of Przemyśl. It was conducted between December 2020 and the end of January 2021. The research was voluntary and anonymous. In this study, the method of diagnostic survey was used. The research tool was a survey questionnaire, which consisted of a questionnaire and the Juczyński Health Behavior Inventory, assessing behaviors in four categories: eating habits, preventive behaviors, health practices and positive mental attitude. A statistical significance level of p<0.05 was assumed.

Results and conclusions Low level of intensity of health behaviors was presented by 27% of subjects, average results were obtained by 43% of subjects. High level of intensity of health behaviors was presented by 30% of subjects. Women show a higher rate of proper eating habits, preventive behaviors, and work practices. Age of the subjects did not influence positive mental attitude. Subjects under 35 presented higher levels of health practices than subjects over 35.
Rozważania o koncepcji e-demokracji w unijnym porządku prawnym
Authors: Sikora Alicja
Published: March 2022

The subject of this paper is the concept of e-democracy in the EU legal order, the concept understood as striving towards a model of society which participates in democratic processes using electronic means of communication in the age of global digitalisation. Technological transformation is an inherent phenomenon of contemporary society and plays an important role in the context of the Union’s aspirations as a space for technological and economic innovation. The progressive digitization of public space is a global fact, which, on the one hand, is linked to the expectation that technology can be used to legitimize the actions of public authorities and engage citizens in democratic processes. On the other hand, the uncontrolled digitisation of the democratic space is associated with the risk of erosion of the foundations of democracy. This papers is intended to address both theoretical and legal aspects of these phenomena.
Migration et e-administration en France
Authors: Mengès-Le Pape Christine
Published: March 2022

Since the 2010s, dematerialized practices have progressively replaced the tradition of personalised interviews and reception of foreigners, traditionally organised at the prefectures, as part of the formalities to obtain the right to stay. Thus, when migrants enter France, many find it impossible – when compiling their files – to complete the now compulsory electronic procedures, such as obtaining an appointment or simply contacting an administrative service. In July 2018, migrant aid organizations – the Cimade, the Gisti, the League of Human Rights and the Union of Lawyers of France – appealed to the Council of State against the decree of May 27, 2017 which, according to a report by the Cimade, introduced the distancing of foreigners from the administration. By its ruling of 27 November 2019, the High Court rejected the associations’ request. According to the Council of State, the “difficulties encountered by foreign nationals to make an appointment electronically in the prefectures” are not a consequence of the application of the decrees on teleservices, but originate in the mandatory practices of e-administration.
Injusticia ambiental y marginación: la falta de acceso al agua en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México
Authors: Pastrana-Miranda Tamara , Gonzále-Caamal Melissa Mariana
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se analiza cómo influye la marginación territorial en la distribución de los recursos hídricos en el caso de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México. La obtención de recursos hídricos se ha basado en la sobreexplotación de los mantos acuíferos del Valle de México causando daños irreversibles. Se plantea que se ha priorizado la centralización de los recursos hídricos para la capital, más que en su distribución equitativa con la periferia, a pesar de que esta última también presenta un crecimiento de población exponencial que se traduce en escasez y conflictos socioambientales. El objetivo es describir, mediante fuentes documen­tales primarias, la influencia del territorio en la situación actual, así como analizar los factores gubernamentales y de participación ciudadana que han intervenido en el problema. Finalmente, se concluye con propuestas que podrían redireccionar la situación actual hacia la sostenibilidad y la justicia ambiental.
Frontiers: The Identity Fragmentation Bias
Authors: Lin Tesary , Misra Sanjog
Published: March 2022

The Identity Fragmentation Bias
Is Price Commitment a Better Solution to Control Carbon Emissions and Promote Technology Investment?
Authors: Fan Xiaoshuai , Chen Kanglin , Chen Ying-Ju
Published: March 2022

Recent years have seen considerable debate about the practicability of a global quantity/price commitment to control carbon emissions and tackle environmental issues. In this paper, we study the impact of the cap-and-trade policy (quantity commitment) and the carbon tax policy (price commitment) on a firm’s technology investment and production decisions. The main feature captured in our model is that there exist correlated uncertainties between the sales market (demand uncertainty) and the permit trading market (permit price volatility) under the cap-and-trade policy. The correlation relationship stands on the following intuition. The demands for final products affect firms’ production output, which generates the needs of emission permits and influences the permit price. We show that under the cap-and-trade policy, with the uncertainty of the future emission price, the firm could flexibly adjust its production quantity to enhance its profit, resulting in low incentives to invest in clean technology. However, as the (positive) correlation between the sales market and the permit trading market increases, the production flexibility is constrained so that the firm has to increase its technology investment to hedge against the future risk of a high emission price. Making a comparison between the cap-and-trade and carbon tax policies, we find that when the correlation coefficient is moderate, the carbon tax policy generates a multiwin situation (i.e., more technology investment, higher expected profit and consumer surplus, and fewer carbon emissions). Case studies are provided to illustrate the implications and model variants are examined to check the robustness of the main results. Overall, our analysis sheds light on recent debate over carbon pricing and identifies the important role of correlated uncertainties in carbon policy design.

This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.

Funding: This work was supported by the stable support plan program of Shenzhen Natural Science Fund [Program Contract 20200925160533002] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72101105].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4365 .
Market Freeze and Bank Capital Structure Heterogeneity
Authors: Song Fenghua , Thakor Anjan V.
Published: March 2022

We develop a theory wherein a priori identical banks may trade loans in a search market with reusable information. The equilibrium is unique, but its nature depends on the probability of a future market state. When the probability of a boom is high, all banks hold no equity and do no screening. When this probability is low, all banks choose a high level of equity and screen loans. For intermediate probability values, the equilibrium is heterogeneous, with some banks posting equity and screening and others avoiding equity and screening. This endogenously arising heterogeneity generates interbank trading. The credit market is partially frozen in a recession: only high-capital banks have continued funding access. Low-capital banks obtain funding by selling legacy loans to banks with “financial muscle,” so market funding is reallocated from low-capital to high-capital banks.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.
The endocrine system and associated disorders
Authors: Ashwell Emily
Published: March 2022

The endocrine system and the hormones it produces control a range of processes in the body, as well as helping to maintain homeostasis. When this complex system is disrupted, including by changes associated with ageing, disease may result. This article provides an overview of the endocrine systems, key glands and hormones, and some of the problems that can arise from disruption to the system. A case study is provided to illustrate one possible presentation of endocrine disruption, in the form of diabetes-associated complications.
Evidence-informed practice: simplifying and applying the concept for nursing students and academics
Authors: Kumah Elizabeth Adjoa , McSherry Robert , Bettany-Saltikov Josette , van Schaik Paul
Published: March 2022

Background:

Nurses' ability to apply evidence effectively in practice is a critical factor in delivering high-quality patient care. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is recognised as the gold standard for the delivery of safe and effective person-centred care. However, decades following its inception, nurses continue to encounter difficulties in implementing EBP and, although models for its implementation offer stepwise approaches, factors, such as the context of care and its mechanistic nature, act as barriers to effective and consistent implementation. It is, therefore, imperative to find a solution to the way evidence is applied in practice. Evidence-informed practice (EIP) has been mooted as an alternative to EBP, prompting debate as to which approach better enables the transfer of evidence into practice. Although there are several EBP models and educational interventions, research on the concept of EIP is limited. This article seeks to clarify the concept of EIP and provide an integrated systems-based model of EIP for the application of evidence in clinical nursing practice, by presenting the systems and processes of the EIP model. Two scenarios are used to demonstrate the factors and elements of the EIP model and define how it facilitates the application of evidence to practice. The EIP model provides a framework to deliver clinically effective care, and the ability to justify the processes used and the service provided by referring to reliable evidence.
Impact of stoma leakage in everyday life: data from the Ostomy Life Study 2019
Authors: Jeppesen Palle Bekker , Vestergaard Martin , Boisen Esben Bo , Ajslev Teresa Adeltoft
Published: March 2022

Background:

Many people with a stoma experience leakage of stomal effluent.

Aim:

To investigate the impact of leakage on individuals with a stoma.

Methods:

The Ostomy Life Study 2019 included a survey concerning experiences with stomal effluent leakage and the validated Ostomy Leak Impact tool.

Findings:

Respondents with frequent leakage episodes were significantly more affected emotionally and they were feeling less in control than those who rarely or never experienced leakage. The emotional impact of experiencing leakage onto clothes appeared to last up to 1 year after the last leakage incidence. Because of worrying about leakage users increased their product usage and, of those who were in employment, 65% reported that leakage and the related worry influenced their ability to work.

Conclusion:

Most people with a stoma were emotionally impacted by experiencing leakage, especially by leakage outside the baseplate (resulting in soiled clothes). New solutions are warranted that can help reduce the impact of leakage.
The state-of-the-art in authentication
Authors: Sagoo Jasmit
Published: March 2022

As businesses move increasingly online, it's critical that they get authentication and authorisation right in order to preserve trust, says Jasmit Sagoo of Auth0.
Morphing attacks: the core threat to facial recognition
Authors: Rathgeb Christian , Merkle Johannes , Scherhag Ulrich , Busch Christoph
Published: March 2022

Although facial recognition systems are improving all the time, they are still vulnerable to ‘morphing’ attacks, say Christian Rathgeb, Johannes Merkle, Ulrich Scherhag and Christoph Busch. They examine the challenges in detecting and defeating these latest threats.
Degrees of circular polarization for the electromagnetic waves induced by electric point dipoles
Authors: Mok Jinsik , Lee Hyoung-In
Published: March 2022

An electric point dipole is the simplest model for emitters, antennas, and other nanostructures. For a dipole sufficiently small in comparison to the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave, its electric-field intensity and Poynting vector are fully understood. Firstly, both decrease in magnitude with increasing radial distance from the dipole location. Secondly, the Poynting vector increases in magnitude with the sinusoid squared of the polar angle measured from the dipolar axis. We will consider here the degree of circular polarization (CP) of the electromagnetic wave induced by an electric point dipole. Resultantly, we learned that the near-perfect CP states form a pair of hollow-cylindrical surfaces. The radius of those surfaces designating near-perfect CP states is approximately one wavelength detached from the dipolar axis. However, these pictures are appreciably altered for the electromagnetic field induced by an array of electric point linear dipoles.
Achieving full grating-lobe-free field of view with low-complexity co-prime photonic beamforming transceivers
Authors: Khachaturian Aroutin , Fatemi Reza , Hajimiri Ali
Published: March 2022

Integrated photonic active beamforming can significantly reduce the size and cost of coherent imagers for LiDAR and medical imaging applications. In current architectures, the complexity of photonic and electronic circuitry linearly increases with the desired imaging resolution. We propose a novel photonic transceiver architecture based on co-prime sampling techniques that breaks this trade-off and achieves the full (radiating-element-limited) field of view (FOV) for a 2D aperture with a single-frequency laser. Using only order-of-Nradiating elements, this architecture achieves beamwidth and sidelobe level (SLL) performance equivalent to a transceiver with order-of-N2elements with half-wavelength spacing. Furthermore, we incorporate a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) row–column drive methodology to reduce the number of required electrical drivers for this architecture from order ofNto order ofN. A silicon photonics implementation of this architecture using two 64-element apertures, one for transmitting and one for receiving, requires only 34 PAM electrical drivers and achieves a transceiver SLL of−11.3  dBwith 1026 total resolvable spots, and 0.6° beamwidth within a23°×16.3°FOV.
Coherent-detection-based distributed acoustic impedance sensing enabled by a chirped fiber Bragg grating array
Authors: Zheng Zhou , Li Zhengying , Fu Xuelei , Gui Xin
Published: March 2022

Distributed optical fiber sensing exploring forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) has received wide attention, as it indicates a new sensing method to measure the liquid property surrounding an optical fiber. In the existing techniques, backward stimulated Brillouin scattering is adopted for detection of the sensing signal, which requires time-consuming signal acquisition and post-processing. In this work, an approach that distributedly measures FSBS spectra is proposed and demonstrated based on coherent detection. While an excitation pulse with single-frequency amplitude modulation is used to induce a guided acoustic mode in the fiber, a following pulse is adopted to probe the induced phase modulation. Using a chirped fiber Bragg grating array, an enhanced-backward-propagating sensing signal is generated from the probe pulse. Heterodyne coherent-detection-based phase demodulation is then realized by mixing the sensing signal with a local oscillator. The FSBS spectra can then be reconstructed from the beat signals with only one round of frequency sweeping. With significantly accelerated signal acquisition and simplified post-processing, the proposed distributed acoustic sensing system has achieved spatial resolution of 5 m over a 500-m sensing range.
Community-based management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Nepal—Designing and implementing a training program for Female Community Health Volunteers
Authors: Adhikari Tara Ballav , Gyawali Bishal , Rijal Anupa , Sapkota Abhishek , Högman Marieann , Karki Arjun , Sigsgaard Torben , Neupane Dinesh , Kallestrup Per
Published: March 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Nepal. Female community health volunteers (FCHVs) have proven effective in the delivery of reproductive, maternal, and child health services in Nepal and recently in the prevention and management of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Evidence on their roles in COPD management is not yet available. The aim of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a training program for FCHVs regarding COPD prevention and management. The training program was part of a cluster-randomized trial of a 12-month intervention to improve COPD outcomes in a semi-urban area of Western Nepal. A six-day workshop consisting of thirty hours of training was developed for FCHVs. Training materials incorporated introduction to COPD, risk factors and symptoms, COPD status assessment guide for FCHVs, guidance on breathing techniques, and exercises for people living with COPD. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were administered to assess the change in knowledge of FCHVs, post training skills assessment followed by semi-structured interviews assessed FCHVs’ satisfaction with the training program. The findings of the pre- and post- test assessments showed a significant improvement in FCHVs’ COPD-related knowledge from a median (interquartile range) score of 12 (3–16) before to 21 (21–22) (p<0.001) after the training program. The qualitative assessment revealed the feasibility of FCHVs’ training on COPD and their acceptability to deliver the intervention package within the community. It also indicated that implementing future training with an extended period and a few days break in-between could enhance the effectiveness. Training of FCHVs in COPD management is feasible and leads to improvement in knowledge. The motivation shown by FCHVs to deliver the intervention could inform and guide community programs and policies for COPD prevention and management in Nepal and similar settings.
Posttranslational modification of the RHO of plants protein RACB by phosphorylation and cross-kingdom conserved ubiquitination
Authors: Weiß Lukas , Gaelings Lana , Reiner Tina , Mergner Julia , Kuster Bernhard , Fehér Attila , Hensel Götz , Gahrtz Manfred , Kumlehn Jochen , Engelhardt Stefan , Hückelhoven Ralph
Published: March 2022

Small RHO-type G-proteins act as signaling hubs and master regulators of polarity in eukaryotic cells. Their activity is tightly controlled, as defective RHO signaling leads to aberrant growth and developmental defects. Two major processes regulate G-protein activity: canonical shuttling between different nucleotide bound states and posttranslational modification (PTM), of which the latter can support or suppress RHO signaling, depending on the individual PTM. In plants, regulation of Rho of plants (ROPs) signaling activity has been shown to act through nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis, as well as through lipid modification, but there is little data available on phosphorylation or ubiquitination of ROPs. Hence, we applied proteomic analyses to identify PTMs of the barley ROP RACB. We observed in vitro phosphorylation by barley ROP binding kinase 1 and in vivo ubiquitination of RACB. Comparative analyses of the newly identified RACB phosphosites and human RHO protein phosphosites revealed conservation of modified amino acid residues, but no overlap of actual phosphorylation patterns. However, the identified RACB ubiquitination site is conserved in all ROPs from Hordeum vulgare, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa and in mammalian Rac1 and Rac3. Point mutation of this ubiquitination site leads to stabilization of RACB. Hence, this highly conserved lysine residue may regulate protein stability across different kingdoms.
Genetic relatedness, virulence factors and antibiotics susceptibility pattern of Vibrio cholerae isolates from various regions during cholera outbreak in Tanzania
Authors: Matimba Hamza Hamad , Joachim Agricola , Mizinduko Mucho Michael , Maseke Irene Anthony , Nyanga Salum Kassim , Kelly Maria Ezekiely , Nyanga Ali Said , Mghamba Janneth Maridadi , Majigo Mtebe Venance , Mohamed Ahmed Abade
Published: March 2022

Background

Cholera continues to cause morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Tanzania. Since August 2015, Tanzania Mainland has experienced cholera outbreaks affecting 26 regions and a 1.6% case fatality rate. The current study determined the virulence factors, genetic relatedness and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated from different regions in Tanzania.

Methods

A cross-sectional study that involved the genetic characterization of V. cholerae isolates from eleven regions in Tanzania was carried out. There were 99 V. cholerae isolates collected between January 2016 and December 2017. The study perfomed a Multi-locus Variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for genetic relatedness and Mismatch Amplification Mutation Analysis polymerase chain reaction for analyzing toxin genes. All the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were generally analyzed using Microsoft excel, where genetic relatedness was analyzed using eBurst software v3.

Results

All isolates were V. cholerae O1. Ogawa was the most predominant 97(98%) serotype. Isolates were genetically related with a small genetic diversity and were positive for ctxA, tcpA El Tor virulence genes. All isolates (100%) were sensitive to doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol, while 87.8% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. A high resistance rate (100%) was detected towards erythromycin, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin, and ampicillin.

Conclusion

The V.cholerae O1 serotypes Ogawa, El Tor variant predominantly caused cholera outbreaks in Tanzania with strains clonally related regardless of the place and time of the outbreak. Most of the isolates were susceptible to the antibiotic regimen currently used in Tanzania. The high resistance rate detected for the other common antibiotics calls for continuous antimicrobial susceptibility testing during outbreaks.
The complete mind
Authors: Simon József
Published: March 2022

My contribution considers the problem of the real distinction between mind and body and its resulting consequences regarding the unity of human being against the background of a debate on Cartesianism between Hungarian intellectuals of Early Modernity. In his Syllabus (1685), János Pósáházi censured 32 Cartesian assertions and criticized frequently Descartes’ conceivability argument for the real distinction. His criticism involved Descartes’ terminological innovation of introducing the complete ideas besides clear and distinct ones in the Replies as criteria for the argument from conceivability. Pósaházi’s censure was refuted in the same year in a text titled as Vindiciae written by an author whose identity we are not aware of today. The paper presents the anonymous author’s defense of Cartesianism regarding the problem of body-mind relationship.
The Union of Body and Mind in Early Modern Philosophy
Authors: Pavlovits Tamás , Schmal Dániel
Published: March 2022

Foreword for the special issue of the journal Különbség (Difference). This issue intends to reconsider certain interpretative patterns regarding the distinction between soul and body by emphasising their union in Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Pascal, Hobbes, Locke and other philosophers of the early modern age.
A magyarországi vállalatok digitális képessége a pandémia előtt
Authors: Móricz Péter
Published: March 2022

A tanulmány a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem versenyképesség kutatásának 2019-es adatfelvétele alapján a magyarországi vállalatok digitális képességét vizsgálja. Az elméleti háttér lehatárolja a digitalizálás, a digitalizáció és a digitális átalakulás fogalmát. Kitér a technológia és a digitális stratégia digitális átalakulásban betöltött szerepére, és értelmezi is ezeket a digitalizáció kontextusában. Az elemzés a digitalizációs felkészültség kapcsán a vezetői felkészültség, a tudatosság és tervezés, a képességek és erőforrások, valamint a nyitottság és fogékonyság faktorok mentén öt klaszterbe sorolja a mintában szereplő vállalatokat. Ezután bemutatja a vállalatok digitalizációt megalapozó informatikai hátterét és céljait, a klaszterek közötti különbségekre is rámutatva. A klasztereket a digitalizáció felé tett lépéseik mentén is összehasonlítja öt digitalizációs területen: vezetői döntések, beszállítókapcsolatok, termelés és szolgáltatásnyújtás, vevőkapcsolatok, termékek-szolgáltatások digitalizációja. A klaszterek digitalizációs felkészültségének és kezdeményezéseinek elemzése alapján a tanulmány következtetése, hogy a digitalizációs felkészültség a digitalizációs projektekkel párhuzamosan fejlődik.
Az online vásárlási térben szerzett tapasztalatokból eredő márkaelkerülés vizsgálata a fast fashion márkák példáján keresztül
Authors: Vajkai Kovács Éva
Published: March 2022

Jelen kutatás célja, hogy a Trustpilot véleménynyilvánító oldalra érkező negatív visszajelzések alapján tartalomelemzéssel feltárja azokat az online vásárlások alkalmával felmerülő problémákat, melyek márkaelkerüléshez vezethetnek a fast fashion márkák esetében. A pandémia időszakában – amikor a vállalatoknak sokszor nem marad más választásuk, mint az online jelenlétük erősítése – kulcsfontosságú, hogy a vállalatok ismerjék azokat az okokat, amelyek az online térhez kötődő tapasztalatok miatt vezetnek márkaelkerüléshez. A témába vágó szakirodalomban találkozhatunk olyan tényezőkkel, amelyek az online térben befolyásolják a fogyasztói elégedettséget, illetve elégedetlenséget, de ezidáig nem került még sor arra, hogy akár márkaelkerülési okként is hivatkozzanak rájuk. A kutatás során 146 visszajelzés elemzésével azonosította a szerző azokat a főbb okokat, amelyek márkaelkerüléshez vezethetnek. Ezek a következők: a rendszer működéséhez köthető problémák, hiányos, illetve félrevezető információk nyújtása, a termék kiszállításával és visszaküldésével kapcsolatos körülményesség, nem megérkező rendelés, nem az elvárásoknak megfelelő termék kiküldése, nem megfelelő kompenzáció, valamint a nem megfelelő ügyfélkezelés.
Hogyan írjunk vonzó álláshirdetést? A legfontosabb jelentkezést befolyásoló tényezők feltárása álláshirdetések értékelemzésén keresztül
Authors: Zarándné Vámosi Kornélia , Kovács Ildikó
Published: March 2022

Az álláshirdetéseknél megjelenő információs aszimmetria különleges figyelemfelkeltést és bizalmat idéz elő a hirdető cég és az álláshirdetésre jelentkezők között. A menedzsmentirodalomban a jelzési elmélet alkalmazása kiemelt szerepet kap a stratégiai menedzsment és a HR-menedzsment területén. A vállalkozások számára az álláshirdetések attribútumainak megtervezése és kidolgozása különösen jelentős a legjobb képességű munkavállalók megtalálásában. Emellett a fiatal munkavállalók jellegzetességeinek és munkakeresési szokásainak ismerete is szükséges az álláshirdetési folyamat sikerességéhez. A tanulmány célja alapot adni az álláshirdetésekben megjelenő értékajánlat kidolgozásához, ahhoz, hogy az álláshirdetők azonosítani tudják a fejlesztendő pontokat és ezek ismeretével a munkakeresők igények beépítésével az álláshirdetéseket vonzóbbá tegyék. A kvalitatív megkérdezés alapján elért kutatási eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a hirdetésekkel szemben a vonzó megjelenés és munkáltatói márka fontossága kiemelkedő a megkérdezett fiatal munkavállalók számára. A szerzők a hirdetések értékelésénél az értékelemzés módszerét vették alapul ahhoz, hogy a leghatékonyabban kidolgozható hirdetésfunkciókat és értékhordozó funkciókat azonosítani tudják, mely funkciókat már az értéktervezés módszerével ábrázolták.