bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implication of autophagy in the antifibrogenic effect of Rilpivirine: when more is less
Authors: Lucantoni Federico , Benedicto Ana M. , Gruevska Aleksandra , Moragrega Ángela B. , Fuster-Martínez Isabel , Esplugues Juan V. , Blas-García Ana , Apostolova Nadezda
Published: April 2022

As the main extracellular matrix-producing cells, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are fundamental mediators of liver fibrosis (LF), and understanding their activation/inactivation mechanisms is paramount to the search for novel therapeutics. The antiretroviral drug Rilpivirine (RPV) has demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect in several animal models of chronic liver injury that is related to its antifibrogenic and apoptotic action in HSC. In the present study, we evaluated whether autophagy is implicated in the hepatoprotective action of RPV, as autophagy plays an important role in HSC transdifferentiation. We employed two standard mouse models of chronic liver injury - fatty liver disease and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity -and cultured HSC activated with the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β. RPV enhanced autophagy in the whole liver of both mouse models and in activated HSC, evident in the protein expression of autophagy markers, increased autophagosome content and lysosomal mass. Moreover, increased autophagic flux was observed in RPV-exposed HSC as revealed by tandem fluorescence-tagged LC3 and p62 and analysis of LC3-II accumulation in cells exposed to the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. Importantly, autophagy was involved in the cytotoxic effect of RPV on HSC, though in a differential manner. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) did not affect the diminishing effect of RPV on viability, while treatment with wortmannin or depletion of specific autophagy proteins (ATG5, Beclin-1 and SQSTM1/p62) rescued the detrimental effect of high concentrations of RPV on the viability of activated HSC. Finally, we also provide evidence that RPV compromises the viability of TGF-β-induced HSC independently of its antifibrogenic effect, observed as reduced collagen 1A1 synthesis, and that this effect does not include RPV´s modulation of autophagy. In summary, as a contributor to the mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective action of RPV, autophagy may be a good candidate to explore when developing novel therapeutics for LF.
Tumor-associated macrophage-derived exosomes transmitting miR-193a-5p promote the progression of renal cell carcinoma via TIMP2-dependent vasculogenic mimicry
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhao Enyang , Geng Bo , Gao Shan , Yu Hongyang , He Xinyang , Li Xuedong , Dong Guanglu , You Bosen
Published: April 2022

Previous studies have investigated whether tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play tumorigenic and immunosuppressive roles to encourage cancer development, but the role of TAMs in regulating vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells has not been completely clarified. We conducted immunostaining of the tumor-associated macrophage biomarkers CD68/CD163 and double staining for PAS/CD31 in ccRCC human specimens to find that higher TAM infiltration was positively correlated with VM formation. Then we demonstrated that TAM-derived exosomes downregulate TIMP2 expression in RCC cells to promote VM and invasion by shuttling miR-193a-5p. Mechanistic analysis indicated that HIF-1α upregulation in macrophages could transcriptionally increase miR-193a-5p expression. Exosome-shuttled miR-193a-5p then targeted the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of TIMP2 mRNA to suppress its translation. A preclinical study using an in vivo orthotopic xenograft model of ccRCC in mice substantiated that TAM-derived exosomes enhance VM and enable tumor progression, which confirmed our in vitro data. Suppressing TAM-derived exosomal miR-193a-5p successfully inhibited tumor progression and metastasis. Overall, miR-193a-5p from TAM-derived exosomes downregulates the TIMP2 gene to facilitate the development of RCC, which provides a novel perspective for developing therapeutic strategies for RCC.
Impacts and mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming of tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Lin , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Simiao , Wei Lingyu , Cheng Hongbing , Wang Jinsheng , Wang Jia
Published: April 2022

Metabolic disorders and abnormal immune function changes occur in tumor tissues and cells to varying degrees. There is increasing evidence that reprogrammed energy metabolism contributes to the development of tumor suppressive immune microenvironment and influences the course of gastric cancer (GC). Current studies have found that tumor microenvironment (TME) also has important clinicopathological significance in predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Novel approaches targeting TME therapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), metabolic inhibitors and key enzymes of immune metabolism, have been involved in the treatment of GC. However, the interaction between GC cells metabolism and immune metabolism and how to make better use of these immunotherapy methods in the complex TME in GC are still being explored. Here, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming of GC cells and immune cells involved in GC immune responses modulate anti-tumor immune responses, as well as the effects of gastrointestinal flora in TME and GC. It is also proposed how to enhance anti-tumor immune response by understanding the targeted metabolism of these metabolic reprogramming to provide direction for the treatment and prognosis of GC.
The caspase-2 substrate p54nrb exhibits a multifaceted role in tumor cell death susceptibility via gene regulatory functions
Authors: Eichler Madeleine , Distler Ute , Nasrullah Usman , Krishnan Aswini , Kaulich Manuel , Husnjak Koraljka , Eberhardt Wolfgang , Rajalingam Krishnaraj , Tenzer Stefan , Pfeilschifter Josef , Imre Gergely
Published: April 2022

Caspase-2 represents an evolutionary conserved caspase, which plays a role in genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis, ageing-related metabolic changes, and in deleting aneuploid cells in tumors. Genetic deletion of caspase-2 leads to increased tumor susceptibility in vivo. The exact downstream signaling mechanism by which caspase-2 accomplishes its specific tumor suppressor functions is not clear. Caspase-2, uniquely among caspases, resides in the nucleus and other cellular compartments. In this study, we identify a nuclear caspase-2 specific substrate, p54nrb, which is selectively cleaved by caspase-2 at D422, leading to disruption of the C-terminal site, the putative DNA binding region of the protein. P54nrb is an RNA and DNA binding protein, which plays a role in RNA editing, transport, and transcriptional regulation of genes. Overexpression of p54nrb is observed in several human tumor types, such as cervix adenocarcinoma, melanoma, and colon carcinoma. In contrast, the loss of p54nrb in tumor cell lines leads to increased cell death susceptibility and striking decrease in tumorigenic potential. By employing high resolution quantitative proteomics, we demonstrate that the loss/cleavage of p54nrb results in altered expression of oncogenic genes, among which the downregulation of the tumorigenic protease cathepsin-Z and the anti-apoptotic gelsolin can be detected universally across three tumor cell types, including adenocarcinoma, melanoma and colon carcinoma. Finally, we demonstrate that p54nrb interacts with cathepsin-Z and gelsolin DNA, but not RNA. Taken together, this study uncovers a so far not understood mechanism of caspase-2 tumor suppressor function in human tumor cells.
Restoration of ER proteostasis attenuates remote apoptotic cell death after spinal cord injury by reducing autophagosome overload
Authors: Bisicchia Elisa , Mastrantonio Roberta , Nobili Annalisa , Palazzo Claudia , La Barbera Livia , Latini Laura , Millozzi Francesco , Sasso Valeria , Palacios Daniela , D’Amelio Marcello , Viscomi Maria Teresa
Published: April 2022

The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie the progression of remote degeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and macroautophagy, hereafter autophagy, and its contribution to the secondary damage and outcomes that are associated with remote degeneration after SCI. Using a rat model of spinal cord hemisection at the cervical level, we measured ER stress and autophagy markers in the axotomized neurons of the red nucleus (RN). In SCI animals, mRNA and protein levels of markers of ER stress, such as GRP78, CHOP, and GADD34, increased 1 day after the injury, peaking on Day 5. Notably, in SCI animals, the increase of ER stress markers correlated with a blockade in autophagic flux, as evidenced by the increase in microtubule-associated protein 2 light chain 3 (LC3-II) and p62/SQSTM1 (p62) and the decline in LAMP1 and LAMP2 levels. After injury, treatment with guanabenz protected neurons from UPR failure and increased lysosomes biogenesis, unblocking autophagic flux. These effects correlated with greater activation of TFEB and improved neuronal survival and functional recovery—effects that persisted after suspension of the treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrate that in remote secondary damage, impairments in autophagic flux are intertwined with ER stress, an association that contributes to the apoptotic cell death and functional damage that are observed after SCI.
Insulin receptor activation by proinsulin preserves synapses and vision in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Sánchez-Cruz Alonso , Hernández-Pinto Alberto , Lillo Concepción , Isiegas Carolina , Marchena Miguel , Lizasoain Ignacio , Bosch Fátima , de la Villa Pedro , Hernández-Sánchez Catalina , de la Rosa Enrique J.
Published: April 2022

Synaptic loss, neuronal death, and circuit remodeling are common features of central nervous system neurodegenerative disorders. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the leading cause of inherited blindness, is a group of retinal dystrophies characterized by photoreceptor dysfunction and death. The insulin receptor, a key controller of metabolism, also regulates neuronal survival and synaptic formation, maintenance, and activity. Indeed, deficient insulin receptor signaling has been implicated in several brain neurodegenerative pathologies. We present evidence linking impaired insulin receptor signaling with RP. We describe a selective decrease in the levels of the insulin receptor and its downstream effector phospho-S6 in retinal horizontal cell terminals in the rd10 mouse model of RP, as well as aberrant synapses between rod photoreceptors and the postsynaptic terminals of horizontal and bipolar cells. A gene therapy strategy to induce sustained proinsulin, the insulin precursor, production restored retinal insulin receptor signaling, by increasing S6 phosphorylation, without peripheral metabolic consequences. Moreover, proinsulin preserved photoreceptor synaptic connectivity and prolonged visual function in electroretinogram and optomotor tests. These findings point to a disease-modifying role of insulin receptor and support the therapeutic potential of proinsulin in retinitis pigmentosa.
Heavy footprints of upper-ocean eddies on weakened Arctic sea ice in marginal ice zones
Authors: Manucharyan Georgy E. , Thompson Andrew F.
Published: April 2022

Arctic sea ice extent continues to decline at an unprecedented rate that is commonly underestimated by climate projection models. This disagreement may imply biases in the representation of processes that bring heat to the sea ice in these models. Here we reveal interactions between ocean-ice heat fluxes, sea ice cover, and upper-ocean eddies that constitute a positive feedback missing in climate models. Using an eddy-resolving global ocean model, we demonstrate that ocean-ice heat fluxes are predominantly induced by localized and intermittent ocean eddies, filaments, and internal waves that episodically advect warm subsurface waters into the mixed layer where they are in direct contact with sea ice. The energetics of near-surface eddies interacting with sea ice are modulated by frictional dissipation in ice-ocean boundary layers, being dominant under consolidated winter ice but substantially reduced under low-concentrated weak sea ice in marginal ice zones. Our results indicate that Arctic sea ice loss will reduce upper-ocean dissipation, which will produce more energetic eddies and amplified ocean-ice heat exchange. We thus emphasize the need for sea ice-aware parameterizations of eddy-induced ice-ocean heat fluxes in climate models.
Lateral gain is impaired in macular degeneration and can be targeted to restore vision in mice
Authors: Rizzi M. , Powell K. , Robinson M. R. , Matsuki T. , Hoke J. , Maswood R. N. , Georgiadis A. , Georgiou M. , Jones P. R. , Ripamonti C. , Nadal-Nicolás F. M. , Michaelides M. , Rubin G. S. , Smith A. J. , Ali R. R.
Published: April 2022

Macular degeneration is a leading cause of blindness. Treatments to rescue vision are currently limited. Here, we study how loss of central vision affects lateral feedback to spared areas of the human retina. We identify a cone-driven gain control mechanism that reduces visual function beyond the atrophic area in macular degeneration. This finding provides an insight into the negative effects of geographic atrophy on vision. Therefore, we develop a strategy to restore this feedback mechanism, through activation of laterally projecting cells. This results in improved vision in Cnga3−/− mice, which lack cone function, as well as a mouse model of geographic atrophy. Our work shows that a loss of lateral gain control contributes to the vision deficit in macular degeneration. Furthermore, in mouse models we show that lateral feedback can be harnessed to improve vision following retinal degeneration.
Seismic precursors to the Whakaari 2019 phreatic eruption are transferable to other eruptions and volcanoes
Authors: Ardid Alberto , Dempsey David , Caudron Corentin , Cronin Shane
Published: April 2022

Volcanic eruptions that occur without warning can be deadly in touristic and populated areas. Even with real-time geophysical monitoring, forecasting sudden eruptions is difficult, because their precursors are hard to recognize and can vary between volcanoes. Here, we describe a general seismic precursor signal for gas-driven eruptions, identified through correlation analysis of 18 well-recorded eruptions in New Zealand, Alaska, and Kamchatka. The precursor manifests in the displacement seismic amplitude ratio between medium (4.5–8 Hz) and high (8–16 Hz) frequency tremor bands, exhibiting a characteristic rise in the days prior to eruptions. We interpret this as formation of a hydrothermal seal that enables rapid pressurization of shallow groundwater. Applying this model to the 2019 eruption at Whakaari (New Zealand), we describe pressurization of the system in the week before the eruption, and cascading seal failure in the 16 h prior to the explosion. Real-time monitoring for this precursor may improve short-term eruption warning systems at certain volcanoes.
Molecular communications in complex systems of dynamic supramolecular polymers
Authors: Crippa Martina , Perego Claudio , de Marco Anna L. , Pavan Giovanni M.
Published: April 2022

Supramolecular polymers are composed of monomers that self-assemble non-covalently, generating distributions of monodimensional fibres in continuous communication with each other and with the surrounding solution. Fibres, exchanging molecular species, and external environment constitute a sole complex system, which intrinsic dynamics is hard to elucidate. Here we report coarse-grained molecular simulations that allow studying supramolecular polymers at the thermodynamic equilibrium, explicitly showing the complex nature of these systems, which are composed of exquisitely dynamic molecular entities. Detailed studies of molecular exchange provide insights into key factors controlling how assemblies communicate with each other, defining the equilibrium dynamics of the system. Using minimalistic and finer chemically relevant molecular models, we observe that a rich concerted complexity is intrinsic in such self-assembling systems. This offers a new dynamic and probabilistic (rather than structural) picture of supramolecular polymer systems, where the travelling molecular species continuously shape the assemblies that statistically emerge at the equilibrium.
Quantum spins and hybridization in artificially-constructed chains of magnetic adatoms on a superconductor
Authors: Liebhaber Eva , Rütten Lisa M. , Reecht Gaël , Steiner Jacob F. , Rohlf Sebastian , Rossnagel Kai , von Oppen Felix , Franke Katharina J.
Published: April 2022

Magnetic adatom chains on surfaces constitute fascinating quantum spin systems. Superconducting substrates suppress interactions with bulk electronic excitations but couple the adatom spins to a chain of subgap Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) quasiparticles. Using a scanning tunneling microscope, we investigate such correlated spin-fermion systems by constructing Fe chains adatom by adatom on superconducting NbSe2. The adatoms couple entirely via the substrate, retaining their quantum spin nature. In dimers, we observe that the deepest YSR state undergoes a quantum phase transition due to Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions, a distinct signature of quantum spins. Chains exhibit coherent hybridization and band formation of the YSR excitations, indicating ferromagnetic coupling. Longer chains develop separate domains due to coexisting charge-density-wave order of NbSe2. Despite the spin-orbit-coupled substrate, we find no signatures of Majoranas, possibly because quantum spins reduce the parameter range for topological superconductivity. We suggest that adatom chains are versatile systems for investigating correlated-electron physics and its interplay with topological superconductivity.
Genomic and metabolic adaptations of biofilms to ecological windows of opportunity in glacier-fed streams
Authors: Busi Susheel Bhanu , Bourquin Massimo , Fodelianakis Stilianos , Michoud Grégoire , Kohler Tyler J. , Peter Hannes , Pramateftaki Paraskevi , Styllas Michail , Tolosano Matteo , De Staercke Vincent , Schön Martina , de Nies Laura , Marasco Ramona , Daffonchio Daniele , Ezzat Leïla , Wilmes Paul , Battin Tom J.
Published: April 2022

In glacier-fed streams, ecological windows of opportunity allow complex microbial biofilms to develop and transiently form the basis of the food web, thereby controlling key ecosystem processes. Using metagenome-assembled genomes, we unravel strategies that allow biofilms to seize this opportunity in an ecosystem otherwise characterized by harsh environmental conditions. We observe a diverse microbiome spanning the entire tree of life including a rich virome. Various co-existing energy acquisition pathways point to diverse niches and the exploitation of available resources, likely fostering the establishment of complex biofilms during windows of opportunity. The wide occurrence of rhodopsins, besides chlorophyll, highlights the role of solar energy capture in these biofilms while internal carbon and nutrient cycling between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs may help overcome constraints imposed by oligotrophy in these habitats. Mechanisms potentially protecting bacteria against low temperatures and high UV-radiation are also revealed and the selective pressure of this environment is further highlighted by a phylogenomic analysis differentiating important components of the glacier-fed stream microbiome from other ecosystems. Our findings reveal key genomic underpinnings of adaptive traits contributing to the success of complex biofilms to exploit environmental opportunities in glacier-fed streams, which are now rapidly changing owing to global warming.
Niacin skin flush and membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenia from the acute state to partial remission: a dynamic relationship
Authors: Yu Ya-Hui , Su Hui-Min , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Hsiao Po-Chang , Lin Yi-Ting , Liu Chih-Min , Hwang Tzung-Jeng , Hsieh Ming H. , Liu Chen-Chung , Chien Yi-Ling , Kuo Chian-Jue , Hwu Hai-Gwo , Chen Wei J.
Published: April 2022

Despite the consistent finding of an attenuated niacin-induced flush response in schizophrenia, its long-term stability and relationship to the membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels remain unknown. We conducted niacin skin tests and measured the membrane PUFAs using gas chromatography among 46 schizophrenia inpatients and 37 healthy controls at the baseline and the 2-month follow-up. Attenuated flush responses were persistently observed in schizophrenia patients in both acute and partial remission states, whereas an increased flush response was found in the controls. A persistent decrease in both dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and an increased turnover of arachidonic acid (ARA) via endogenous biosynthesis were found in schizophrenia patients. A composite niacin flush score by combining those with a control-to-case ratio of >1.4 (i.e., scores at 5 min of 0.1 M, 0.01 M, and 0.001 M + 10 min of 0.01 M and 0.001 M + 15 min of 0.001 M) at the baseline was correlated positively with ARA levels among controls but not among schizophrenia patients, whereas the flush score at the 2-month follow-up was correlated positively with ARA levels among patients. The 2-month persistence of attenuated niacin-induced flush response in schizophrenia patients implies that the niacin skin test might tap a long-term vulnerability to schizophrenia beyond acute exacerbation.
Global seasonal forecasts of marine heatwaves
Authors: Jacox Michael G. , Alexander Michael A. , Amaya Dillon , Becker Emily , Bograd Steven J. , Brodie Stephanie , Hazen Elliott L. , Pozo Buil Mercedes , Tommasi Desiree
Published: April 2022

Marine heatwaves (MHWs)—periods of exceptionally warm ocean temperature lasting weeks to years—are now widely recognized for their capacity to disrupt marine ecosystems1–3. The substantial ecological and socioeconomic impacts of these extreme events present significant challenges to marine resource managers4–7, who would benefit from forewarning of MHWs to facilitate proactive decision-making8–11. However, despite extensive research into the physical drivers of MHWs11,12, there has been no comprehensive global assessment of our ability to predict these events. Here we use a large multimodel ensemble of global climate forecasts13,14 to develop and assess MHW forecasts that cover the world’s oceans with lead times of up to a year. Using 30 years of retrospective forecasts, we show that the onset, intensity and duration of MHWs are often predictable, with skilful forecasts possible from 1 to 12 months in advance depending on region, season and the state of large-scale climate modes, such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. We discuss considerations for setting decision thresholds based on the probability that a MHW will occur, empowering stakeholders to take appropriate actions based on their risk profile. These results highlight the potential for operational MHW forecasts, analogous to forecasts of extreme weather phenomena, to promote climate resilience in global marine ecosystems.
Automated bone marrow cytology using deep learning to generate a histogram of cell types
Authors: Tayebi Rohollah Moosavi , Mu Youqing , Dehkharghanian Taher , Ross Catherine , Sur Monalisa , Foley Ronan , Tizhoosh Hamid R. , Campbell Clinton J. V.
Published: April 2022

Background

Bone marrow cytology is required to make a hematological diagnosis, influencing critical clinical decision points in hematology. However, bone marrow cytology is tedious, limited to experienced reference centers and associated with inter-observer variability. This may lead to a delayed or incorrect diagnosis, leaving an unmet need for innovative supporting technologies.

Methods

We develop an end-to-end deep learning-based system for automated bone marrow cytology. Starting with a bone marrow aspirate digital whole slide image, our system rapidly and automatically detects suitable regions for cytology, and subsequently identifies and classifies all bone marrow cells in each region. This collective cytomorphological information is captured in a representation called Histogram of Cell Types (HCT) quantifying bone marrow cell class probability distribution and acting as a cytological patient fingerprint.

Results

Our system achieves high accuracy in region detection (0.97 accuracy and 0.99 ROC AUC), and cell detection and cell classification (0.75 mean average precision, 0.78 average F1-score, Log-average miss rate of 0.31).

Conclusions

HCT has potential to eventually support more efficient and accurate diagnosis in hematology, supporting AI-enabled computational pathology.
Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction characterization of growth mechanism of double perovskite-structured nanoparticles in thin films prepared via metal–organic decomposition
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Suo Hongli , Zhang Zili , Ye Shuai , Ma Lin , Liu Min , Ji Yaotang , Wang Xufeng , Shaheen Kausar , Wang Lei , Wang Qiuliang
Published: April 2022

The epitaxial BNYO nanoparticles and typical disoriented BYNO nanoparticles in cross-sectional TEM images in BYNO-doped YBCO thin films confirm the BYNO nanoparticle growth mechanism.
Detailed formation process of Co@C catalysts and the influence of structural regulation on catalytic properties
Authors: Cai Zhe , Lyu Shuai , Liu Chengchao , Zhao Yanxi , Zhang Yuhua , Yu Faquan , Li Jinlin
Published: April 2022

Co@C is a novel class of catalysts with many structural advantages, such as highly dispersed active species, developed pore structure, and special encapsulated structure.
On the use of a volume constraint to account for thermal expansion effects on the low-frequency vibrations of molecular crystals
Authors: Rogers Fergus J. M. , Radhanpura Krunal , Horvat Joseph , Farrant David
Published: April 2022

Periodic density-functional theory is used to investigate the effect of cell contraction on the accuracy of simulated terahertz absorption spectra.
Enhanced interfacial electron transfer kinetics between Co2+/3+ complexes and organic dyes with free space near their backbone
Authors: Cho Inseong , Dheendayal Mantra , Wagner Pawel , Mozer Attila J.
Published: April 2022

Enhanced electronic coupling is achieved by opening up appropriate free spaces near the π-conjugated backbone of organic dyes enhancing electron transfer rates by six times.
Bi2O2CO3/Bi2O3 Z-scheme photocatalyst with oxygen vacancies and Bi for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Huang Shoubin , Wu Yuliang , Zhang Qianxin , Jin Xiaoyu , Li Daguang , Liu Haijin , Chen Ping , Lv Wenying , Liu Guoguang
Published: April 2022

A novel Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst Bi-BOC/BO-OVs was successfully prepared. OVs and metal Bi enhanced light response and separation of photoinduced carriers. Thus, catalyst showed superior catalytic activity in simulated water matrices.
Konjac oligosaccharides attenuate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice: mechanistic insights
Authors: Xia Pengkui , Hou Tao , Ma Muyuan , Li Sha , Jin Hong , Luo Xuan , Li Jing , Geng Fang , Li Bin
Published: April 2022

This study aims to explore the protective effect of konjac oligosaccharides (KOS) on inflammatory bowel disease in colitis mice.
Intelligent pH-sensitive films from whole arrowroot powder and soy protein isolate incorporating red cabbage anthocyanin: monitoring freshness of shrimps and ammonia in fish farming ponds
Authors: Koshy Rekha Rose , Reghunadhan Arunima , Mary Siji. K. , Thomas Kiran , K. R. Ajish , Thomas Sabu , Pothen Laly A.
Published: April 2022

Whole arrowroot powder, soy protein isolate and red cabbage anthocyanin were used to fabricate packaging films that can monitor the freshness of shrimp and can be used to detect ammonia.
Tunable ultrafast electron transfer in WSe2–graphene heterostructures enabled by atomic stacking order
Authors: Xing Xiao , Zhang Zeyu , Quan Chenjing , Zhao Litao , Wang Chunwei , Jia Tingyuan , Ren Junfeng , Du Juan , Leng Yuxin
Published: April 2022

The electric field induced by the substrate could adjust the Schottky barrier from a p-type contact (WSe2/Gr) to an n-type contact (Gr/WSe2). Thus, it is more beneficial for the photo-thermionic electrons to transfer from graphene to WSe2 in Gr/WSe2.
Correlating structure, morphology and properties of metal nanostructures by combining single-particle optical spectroscopy and electron microscopy
Authors: Dieperink Mees , Scalerandi Francesca , Albrecht Wiebke
Published: April 2022

This Minireview focuses on recent advances in detailed structure–property correlations and light-induced morphological changes of individual metal nanostructures through correlated optical spectroscopy and electron microscopy.
Dual-channel detection of viscosity and pH with a near-infrared fluorescent probe for cancer visualization
Authors: Zhang Xiyuan , Huo Fangjun , Zhang Yongbin , Yue Yongkang , Yin Caixia
Published: April 2022

Compared to ordinary cells, tumor cells have a unique microenvironment, characterized by high viscosity, low pH, high reactive oxygen species level and the overexpression of certain proteases.
Proline selective labelingviaon-site construction of naphthoxazole (NapOx)
Authors: Roy Subhra Kanti , Purkait Anisha , Shome Rajib , Das Saurav , Das Debapratim , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar , Jana Chandan K.
Published: April 2022

Chemoselective on-site construction of naphthoxazoles (NapOx) for proline selective labeling of peptides.
Control of the temperature field by double induction coils for growth of large-sized SiC single crystals via the physical vapor transport technique
Authors: Yang Naiji , Song Bo , Wang Wenjun , Li Hui
Published: April 2022

The double induction coils have beneficial effect on the growth of large-sized SiC via PVT, and are helpful to lessening thermal stress, enhancing growth rate, improving temperature field via the coil movement.
High-Tp-triggered phase transition exhibiting switchable dielectric–thermal responses and long photoluminescence lifetime in a novel inclusion luminophor
Authors: Han Ding-Chong , Tan Yu-Hui , Wen Jia-Hui , Tang Yun-Zhi , Wu Peng-Fei , Li Yu-Kong , Wan Ming-Yang , Fan Xiao-Wei
Published: April 2022

A novel stator–rotator type luminophor: [(2,4,6-trifluoroanilinium)-(18-crown-6)][BF4], experiences a reversible first-order phase transition aroundTp= 364 K, possessing evidentCpand permittivity changes, and long luminescence lifetime.
Preparation of InP quantum dots-TiO2 nanoparticle composites with enhanced visible light induced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Kwon Hyekyeong , Kim Suhyeon , Kang Sung Bong , Bang Jiwon
Published: April 2022

Berry-like InP/ZnSe (core/shell) quantum dot-TiO2 nanoparticle composites were prepared via electrostatic interactions. The visible-light response InP/ZnSe quantum dot–TiO2 nanoparticle composites showed high photocatalytic activity.
Multiscale computational investigations of the translesion synthesis bypass of tobacco-derived DNA adducts: critical insights that complement experimental biochemical studies
Authors: Wilson Katie A. , Jeong Ye Eun Rebecca , Wetmore Stacey D.
Published: April 2022

Computational modelling complements experimental biochemical studies on DNA adduct mutagenicity by providing structural insights for a diverse set of lesions resulting from tobacco products.
AuCo nanoparticles: ordering, magnetisation, and morphology trends predicted by DFT
Authors: Farkaš Barbara , de Leeuw Nora H.
Published: April 2022

Structure-driven evolution of magnetic behaviour of AuCo nanoparticles showcases efficacy of the elementary intermixing in enhancing magnetisation and magnetic anisotropy.
Hydrogen liquefaction: a review of the fundamental physics, engineering practice and future opportunities
Authors: Al Ghafri Saif ZS. , Munro Stephanie , Cardella Umberto , Funke Thomas , Notardonato William , Trusler J. P. Martin , Leachman Jacob , Span Roland , Kamiya Shoji , Pearce Garth , Swanger Adam , Rodriguez Elma Dorador , Bajada Paul , Jiao Fuyu , Peng Kun , Siahvashi Arman , Johns Michael L. , May Eric F.
Published: April 2022

Hydrogen is emerging as one of the most promising energy carriers for a decarbonised global energy system.
Manipulating the D:A interfacial energetics and intermolecular packing for 19.2% efficiency organic photovoltaics
Authors: He Chengliang , Pan Youwen , Ouyang Yanni , Shen Qing , Gao Yuan , Yan Kangrong , Fang Jin , Chen Yiyao , Ma Chang-Qi , Min Jie , Zhang Chunfeng , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng
Published: April 2022

A novel electron acceptor, BTP-H2, demonstrates a high efficiency of 18.5% with a high Voc of 0.932 V. It also enables the ternary device to yield an efficiency of 19.2%, ranking the highest among single-junction organic photovoltaics.
The significance of detecting imperceptible physical/chemical changes/reactions in lithium-ion batteries: a perspective
Authors: Zhao Hong , Lam Wai-Yu Ashley , Wang Li , Xu Hong , Daoud Walid A. , He Xiangming
Published: April 2022

The lifetime of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is highly dependent on the imperceptible physical/chemical changes/reactions that occur on/between the electrodes and electrolyte.
Stereoisomer-dependent unimolecular kinetics of 2,4-dimethyloxetanyl peroxy radicals
Authors: Doner Anna C. , Zádor Judit , Rotavera Brandon
Published: April 2022

The unimolecular decomposition of 2,4-dimethyloxetane peroxy radicals is a competition between conventional and ring opening pathways controlled by stereochemistry.
Transition-metal-free regioselective and stereoselective C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling of enamides with ethers or alkanes via photoredox-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions
Authors: Tao Ji-Yu , Wang Ying-Xue , Zhang Qing-Hong , Ni Kun , Zhu Tong-Hao , Zhao Kai
Published: April 2022

A regio- and stereoselective C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling of enamides with ethers or alkanes via photoredox-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions is developed under environmentally friendly conditions.
Method development for speciation analysis of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in green algae and surface waters at environmentally relevant concentrations using single particle ICP-MS
Authors: Gruszka Jakub , Malejko Julita , Bajguz Andrzej , Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz Beata
Published: April 2022

Interactions of Ag+ and AgNPs of different nominal diameters (40, 60 and 75 nm) with green microalgae Desmodesmus subspicatus during a 24 h incubation period in matrices that mimic surface water and natural river water were studied by single particle ICP-MS.
Highly improved acetone oxidation performance over mesostructured CuxCe1−xO2 hollow nanospheres
Authors: Chen Min , Wang Jinguo , Sun Honghua , Hu Tianxiang , Men Yong
Published: April 2022

Mesostructured CuxCe1−xO2 hollow nanospheres with porous shells and controllable Cu/Ce molar ratios exhibit highly improved catalytic acetone oxidation performance.
Biomass-derived porous activated carbon from anacardium occidentale shell as electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Hepsiba P. , Rajkumar S. , Elanthamilan E. , Wang Sea-Fue , Princy Merlin J.
Published: April 2022

Anacardium occidentale shell (AOS) biowaste was chemically activated using KOH at various temperatures to produce AC. Interestingly, this study also presents a novel strategy for achieving value-added usage of cashewnut shell in the energy storage field.
Plant biosynthetic gene clusters in the context of metabolic evolution
Authors: Smit Samuel J. , Lichman Benjamin R.
Published: April 2022

A significant subset of plant specialised metabolism genes are arranged in biosynthetic gene clusters. Here, we review these clusters and discuss their possible roles within the context of genome dynamics and metabolic evolution.
Effect of chemical substitution and external strain on phase stability and ferroelectricity in two dimensional M2CT2 MXenes
Authors: Li Mo , Omisakin Olamide , Young Joshua
Published: April 2022

Two dimensional ferroelectric materials are gaining increasing attention for use in ultrathin electronic devices owing to the presence of a spontaneous polarization down to one or two monolayers.
Effect of encapsulated protein on the dynamics of lipid sponge phase: a neutron spin echo and molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Gilbert Jennifer , Ermilova Inna , Nagao Michihiro , Swenson Jan , Nylander Tommy
Published: April 2022

We have investigated the encapsulation of two proteins in lipid sponge phase nanoparticles and shown that the membrane bending rigidity increase depends on the concentration of and specific interactions with the protein.
A multi-responsive Au NCs@PMLE/Ca2+ antitumor hydrogel formed in situ on the interior/surface of tumors for PT imaging-guided synergistic PTT/O2-enhanced PDT effects
Authors: Yang Yongmei , Wang Peisan , Cheng Hanlong , Cheng Yinkai , Zhao Zhou , Xu Yahan , Shen Yuhua , Zhu Manzhou
Published: April 2022

The Au NCs@PMLE/Ca2+ hydrogel possessed PT imaging-guided NIR laser/TME-responsive synergetic cancer PTT/O2-enhanced PDT as well as remarkable locoregional antitumor effect for cancer therapy.
Atomically dispersed Ru catalysts for polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon oxidation
Authors: Yang Shuai , Li Xinyang , Ma Jiawen , Guo Haiwei , Chen Yifeng , Chen Zhao , Ren Gengbo , Ma Xiaodong
Published: April 2022

Atomically dispersed Ru catalysts exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability for polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon oxidation.
(±)-Spiroganoapplanin A, a complex polycyclic meroterpenoid dimer from Ganoderma applanatum displaying potential against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Peng Xing-Rong , Luo Rong-Can , Su Hai-Guo , Zhou Lin , Ran Xiao-Qian , Guo Ya-Rong , Yao Yong-Gang , Qiu Ming-Hua
Published: April 2022

(±)-spiroganoapplanin A (1) with a polycyclic meroterpenoid from Ganoderma applanatum showed potential anti-AD’s effect by reducing Aβ42 production and inhibiting Tau phosphorylation through BACE1, CDK5, and GSK3β-mediated pathways.
Progress and prospects of electrolyte chemistry of calcium batteries
Authors: Wei Qianshun , Zhang Liping , Sun Xiaohua , Liu T. Leo
Published: April 2022

Chemical designs, electrochemical performance, and solution and interfacial chemistry of calcium battery electrolytes are comprehensively reviewed and discussed.
Metastable doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes with a large macrocycle
Authors: Hertzog Jerald E. , Maddi Vincent J. , Hart Laura F. , Rawe Benjamin W. , Rauscher Phillip M. , Herbert Katie M. , Bruckner Eric P. , de Pablo Juan J. , Rowan Stuart J.
Published: April 2022

Multiple metastable doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes using a large 46 atom ring were prepared and fully characterized. Varying the stopper group size gave a range of interlocked stabilities in CDCl3 from a half-life of <1 minute to ca. 6 months.
Oriented internal electrostatic fields: an emerging design element in coordination chemistry and catalysis
Authors: Weberg Alexander B. , Murphy Ryan P. , Tomson Neil C.
Published: April 2022

Internal electrostatic field effects are poised to play a major role in the design of molecular coordination complexes and catalysts.
Reliability of Scoring Telehealth Speech Sound Assessments Administered in Real-World Scenarios
Authors: Campbell Deborah R. , Goldstein Howard
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

COVID-19 caused a worldwide conversion from in-person therapy to telehealth; however, limited evidence to support the efficacy of remotely delivering standardized tests puts the future of widespread telehealth use at risk. The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability of scoring a speech sound assessment administered in real-world scenarios including two examples of telehealth technology.

Method:

A total of thirty-nine 3- to 8-year-olds were administered the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Third Edition. Licensed speech-language pathologists (SLPs) concurrently scored children's responses in person and in two telehealth conditions considered typical and enhanced. Mean standard scores and interrater reliability results were compared among the three conditions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the frequency of technology and behavior disruptions during administration and the results of an SLP telehealth perception survey.

Results:

All scoring conditions were found to be highly correlated, with mean differences revealing no systematic differences of one condition over- or underestimating another. Although response agreement was high (85%–87%), final sounds in words or sounds that are difficult to observe tended to attenuate reliability. Neither child nor technology disruptions affected SLPs' ability to score responses. Despite no significant differences between conditions on scoring reliability, SLP participants reported they continued to prefer in-person over a telehealth speech sound assessment.

Conclusions:

This study supports the provision of a pediatric speech sound assessment using consumer-grade equipment, as in-person, typical telehealth, and enhanced telehealth scoring conditions produced similar results. However, SLP participants' skeptical attitudes toward remote delivery of standardized tests reveal an ongoing barrier to widespread telehealth use.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19593367
Perspectives of Speech-Language Pathologists About Customary Practices, Knowledge of Thickening Process, and Quality Control of Thickened Liquids
Authors: Garcia Jane Mertz , Chambers IV Edgar , Boyer Anna
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

This survey examines the practice patterns of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when recommending thickened liquids as part of dysphagia management. It also surveys SLPs' knowledge and learning methods about thickening agents and factors contributing to quality control in service delivery such as staff instruction and familiarity with measurement tools to verify level of texture consistency.

Method:

The electronic survey was posted to the community groups for SLP Health Care and Special Interest Group 13 Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association given that their members included professionals with interest and experience in dysphagia management.

Results:

A total of 246 SLPs, primarily with an adult emphasis in dysphagia management, provided survey responses. Respondents generally viewed the use of thickened liquids as a short-term intervention and self-reported that nectar-like (mildly thick) represented their most recommended level of texture modification. Although SLPs' perceived knowledge about thickening agents varied greatly, the majority selected response options that implied a level of understanding for effective interactions with basic care staff or nutrition professionals. Findings highlight a continued reliance on instant thickening products even though staff instruction about preparation remains inconsistent.

Conclusions:

Quality control concerns persist, including SLPs' limited familiarity and use of measurement tools for characterizing beverage consistency. Outcomes support standardized practices, including professional education activities for SLPs to learn about thickening products, the thickening process, and to educate/instruct in the preparation of thickened liquids for enhancing the nutritional care of individuals who consume them.
Slow and fast adaptive modulation and coding for uplink massive MIMO systems with packet retransmission
Authors: Radbord Amin , Harsini Jalil S.
Published: April 2022

Here, the authors consider the uplink of a cellular massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system with maximum ratio combiner (MRC) at base stations (BSs). To achieve a better QoS provisioning, users in the cells employ link adaptation using adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) in conjunction with packet retransmission. The authors present a cross‐layer approach for the AMC design exploiting the time variation feature of MIMO wireless channels. At first, a fast AMC (FAMC) scheme is proposed to adapt the fast small‐scale fading of the wireless channel based on the instantaneous channel state information. Since the fast fading is asymptotically averaged out due to the channel hardening property of massive MIMO system, we then suggest a slow AMC (SAMC) scheme which adjusts the adaptation parameters based on only the large‐scale channel fading statistics including shadow fading and pass loss of the channel. The SAMC substantially reduces the feedback rate and implementation cost because of using a larger coherence time compared to that of the FAMC. For the proposed schemes, the probability density function of signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) for MRC receivers at BSs is analytically derived and verified by simulation. Also, closed‐form expressions are presented for the throughput and packet error outage of the system. Index Terms—Massive MIMO, MRC, AMC, ARQ, Performance analysis.
Sensor reduction of a PV‐grid tied system with tripartite control based on LCL filter
Authors: Kumari Khushboo , Jain Amit Kumar
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with a tripartite control based on LCL‐filter for a single‐stage solar photovoltaic (PV) interconnected three‐phase grid‐tied system. This work proposes a novel tripartite control for LCL‐filter based on sensing capacitor side voltage utilising two sensors. Conventionally, the control algorithm requires six sensors for sensing the inverter‐side inductor current, capacitor side voltage, and grid‐side inductor current. However, in this work, to execute the tripartite control algorithm, the only voltage across the filter capacitor need to be sensed. The voltage across the filter capacitor estimates inverter‐side inductor current and grid‐side inductor current. The proposed algorithm offers the advantage/benefit in reducing size, weight, and implemented cost. As an outcome, the reduction in the complexity of the hardware takes place. The implemented system is analysed for parametric variation to ensure the stability and robustness of the system. The system response is observed under digital control delay variation. The proposed method offers a cost‐effective solution for meeting grid regulation. The implemented system is extensively tested and validated by simulation in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The justification of the system is carried out by experimental results obtained from the prototype designed in the laboratory.
Using structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI) as a new technique to monitor the degradation of biodegradable oils in electrical power transformers
Authors: Koffi Thomas , Kassi Koutoua S. , Kone Gbah , N'Cho Janvier S. , Edoé Mensah , Bosson Jocelyne , Fofana Issouf , Zoueu Jérémie
Published: April 2022

The aging process of the insulating oils of an electrical transformer is initiated as soon as the transformer is put into service. The quality of these oils must therefore be rigorously evaluated to have reliable and exploitable data for decision‐making. In general, the decision is to continue monitoring, reclaiming/regenerating, or replacing the oil in extreme cases. Thus, early diagnosis of power transformer oils helps prevent potential breakdowns that could considerably impact the electrical energy transmission and distribution network. This research used an imaging technique called SLIPI (Structured Laser Illumination Planar Imaging) to accurately determine the extinction coefficient in different samples of optically dense biodegradable oils (natural and synthetic esters). The variation in the extinction coefficient as a function of the aging of these biodegradable oils under test has been investigated. The results indicate that the SLIPI is reliable as a diagnostic tool for biodegradable oils in power transformers. This technique could therefore be an alternative solution to the conventional monitoring methods.