bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Low-Velocity Fluid Flow in Tumors with Convection-MRI
Authors: Walker-Samuel Simon , Roberts Thomas A. , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Burrell Jake S. , Johnson Sean Peter , Siow Bernard M. , Richardson Simon , Gonçalves Miguel R. , Pendse Douglas , Robinson Simon P. , Pedley R. Barbara , Lythgoe Mark F.
Published: January 2018

Several distinct fluid flow phenomena occur in solid tumors, including intravascular blood flow and interstitial convection. Interstitial fluid pressure is often raised in solid tumors, which can limit drug delivery. To probe low-velocity flow in tumors resulting from raised interstitial fluid pressure, we developed a novel MRI technique named convection-MRI, which uses a phase-contrast acquisition with a dual-inversion vascular nulling preparation to separate intra- and extravascular flow. Here, we report the results of experiments in flow phantoms, numerical simulations, and tumor xenograft models to investigate the technical feasibility of convection-MRI. We observed a significant correlation between estimates of effective fluid pressure from convection-MRI with gold-standard, invasive measurements of interstitial fluid pressure in mouse models of human colorectal carcinoma. Our results show how convection-MRI can provide insights into the growth and responsiveness to vascular-targeting therapy in colorectal cancers.

Significance: A noninvasive method for measuring low-velocity fluid flow caused by raised fluid pressure can be used to assess changes caused by therapy. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1859–72. ©2018 AACR.
In Silico Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Optimization for Antimitogram-Based Clinical Trials
Authors: Haviari Skerdi , You Benoît , Tod Michel
Published: January 2018

Antimitograms are prototype in vitro tests for evaluating chemotherapeutic efficacy using patient-derived primary cancer cells. These tests might help optimize treatment from a pharmacodynamic standpoint by guiding treatment selection. However, they are technically challenging and require refinements and trials to demonstrate benefit to be widely used. In this study, we performed simulations aimed at exploring how to validate antimitograms and how to complement them by pharmacokinetic optimization. A generic model of advanced cancer, including pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic monitoring, was used to link dosing schedules with progression-free survival (PFS), as built from previously validated modules. This model was used to explore different possible situations in terms of pharmacokinetic variability, pharmacodynamic variability, and antimitogram performance. The model recapitulated tumor dynamics and standalone therapeutic drug monitoring efficacy consistent with published clinical results. Simulations showed that combining pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic optimization should increase PFS in a synergistic fashion. Simulated data were then used to compute required clinical trial sizes, which were 30% to 90% smaller when pharmacokinetic optimization was added to pharmacodynamic optimization. This improvement was observed even when pharmacokinetic optimization alone exhibited only modest benefit. Overall, our work illustrates the synergy derived from combining antimitograms with therapeutic drug monitoring, permitting a disproportionate reduction of the trial size required to prove a benefit on PFS. Accordingly, we suggest that strategies with benefits too small for standalone clinical trials could be validated in combination in a similar manner.

Significance: This work offers a method to reduce the number of patients needed for a clinical trial to prove the hypothesized benefit of a drug to progression-free survival, possibly easing opportunities to evaluate combinations. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1873–82. ©2018 AACR.
miR-126 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Negatively Correlates with Risk and Severity and is Associated with Inflammatory Cytokines as well as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Wu Huiliang , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of miR-126 with risk and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as its correlation with inflammatory cytokines and endothelial related proteins. Methods: In total, 215 patients suspected of CAD who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in this case control study and were divided into a CAD group (n = 119) and control group (n = 96). miR-126 relative expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The relative expression of miR-126 decreased in CAD patients compared to controls (p < 0.001), and the receiver operating characteristic curve showed a good diagnostic value of miR-126 for CAD risk with an area under the curve of 0.801 (95% CI 0.740-0.861). Additionally, miR-126 was negatively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (p < 0.001) and reversely associated with TNF-α (p = 0.008) and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels, while it was positively correlated with the IL-10 level (p < 0.001). In addition, miR-126 was negatively associated with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels (p = 0.001), and no association of miR-126 with vascular endothelial growth factor was detected (p = 0.142). Meanwhile, the miR-126 relative level was negatively associated with the Gensini score (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell miR-126 predicts risk and severity and correlates with inflammatory cytokines as well as ICAM-1 in patients with CAD.
Cyanosis and Stroke due to Functional Cor Triatriatum Dexter in a Neonate
Authors: León Rachel L. , Zaban Nicholas B. , Schamberger Marcus S. , Ho Chang Y. , Mietzsch Ulrike
Published: January 2018

Small remnants of the right valve of the sinus venosus are commonly found in adults, but the incidence and risk associated with these embryonic remnants in neonates are not well studied. The following report describes a cyanotic neonate with a large Eustachian valve remnant creating a functional cor triatriatum dexter who was initially diagnosed with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The cyanosis in this infant improved over the first postnatal week with conservative management, but she suffered multifocal subcortical stroke, likely related to her intracardiac shunt. The clinical presentation and questions regarding long-term management of this rare diagnosis are explored.
Primary Prevention of Stroke in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Scientific Update
Authors: Bilha Stefana Catalina , Burlacu Alexandru , Siriopol Dimitrie , Voroneanu Luminita , Covic Adrian
Published: January 2018

Background: Although chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for stroke, official recommendations for the primary prevention of stroke in CKD are generally lacking. Summary: We searched PubMed and ISI Web of Science for randomised controlled trials, observational studies, reviews, meta-analyses and guidelines referring to measures of stroke prevention or to the treatment of stroke-associated risk factors (cardiovascular disease in general and atrial fibrillation (AF), arterial hypertension or carotid artery disease in particular) among the CKD population. The use of oral anticoagulation in AF appears safe in non-end stage CKD, but it should be individualized and preferably based on thromboembolic and bleeding stratification algorithms. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants with definite dose adjustment are generally preferred over vitamin K antagonists in mild and moderate CKD and their indications have started being extended to severe CKD and dialysis also. Aspirin, but not clopidogrel, has limited indications for reducing the risk for atherothrombotic events in CKD due to its increased bleeding risk. Carotid endarterectomy has shown promising results for stroke risk reduction in CKD patients with high-grade symptomatic carotid stenosis. The medical treatment of arterial hypertension in CKD often fails to efficiently lower blood pressure values, but recent data regarding the use of interventional procedures such as renal denervation, baroreflex activation therapy or renal artery stenting are encouraging. Key Messages: In the absence of clear guidelines and protocols, primary prevention of stroke in CKD patients remains a subtle art in the hands of the clinicians. Nevertheless, refraining CKD patients from standard therapies often worsens their prognosis.
Novel Compensation Method to Reduce Rotor Position Estimation Error and Torque Reduction in Signal Injection Based PMSM Drives
Authors: Setty Allampalli Ravikumar , Mangsuli PurnaPrajna R , Chatterjee Kishore
Published: January 2018

High frequency signal injection techniques are widely used to extract rotor position information from low speed to stand still. Accuracy of estimated rotor position is decreased when stator winding resistance is neglected. Position estimation error also results in output Torque reduction. Parasitic resistance of stator winding causes significant position estimation error
 and Torque reduction, if not compensated. Signal injection techniques developed in the literature does not provide detailed analysis and compensation methods to improve rotor position estimation of PMS Motors, where stator winding resistance cannot be neglected. This work analyzes the stator winding resistance effect on position estimation accuracy and proposes novel compensation technique to reduce the position estimation error and torque reduction introduced by stator winding resistance. Prototype hardware of a self-sensing PMSM drive is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with the MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental results on a prototype self-sensing PMSM drive.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Short-Duration Over-excitation Phenomenon in Hysteresis Motor
Authors: Edjtahed Sayyed Hossein , Pir Zadeh Amir Hossein , Halavaei Niasar Abolfazl
Published: January 2018

The hysteresis motor is a well-known synchronous motor that is used in special small power, high speed applications. Dynamic modeling and analysis of this motor is more complicated than permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) or induction motors (IMs) due to nonlinear behavior of rotor magnetic material. Short over-excitation is a unique phenomenon that only occurs in hysteresis motor in which the terminal voltage increase at synchronous speed for a short duration, and then continuously is decrease to initial value. Therefore, the input current is reduced, this leads to more power factor and efficiency enhancement. Till now, there isn’t any analytic dynamic model of this phenomenon. In this paper, based on a novel dynamic model of hysteresis motor, the over-excitation phenomenon is investigated and transient performance of the motor during over-excitation is simulated via Simulink.
Shunt Active Filter Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network and p-q Power Theory
Authors: Ch. Tah Prakash , Panda Anup K. , P. Panigrahi Bibhu
Published: January 2018

In this paper a new combination Radial Basis Function Neural Network and p-q Power Theory (RBFNN-PQ) proposed to control shunt active power filters (SAPF). The recommended system has better specifications in comparison with other control methods. In the proposed combination an RBF neural network is employed to extract compensation reference current when supply voltages are distorted and/or unbalance sinusoidal. In order to make the employed model much simpler and tighter an adaptive algorithm for RBF network is proposed. The proposed RBFNN filtering algorithm is based on efficient  training methods called hybrid learning method.The method  requires a small size network, very robust, and the proposed algorithms are very effective. Extensive simulations are carried out with PI as well as RBFNN controller for p-q control strategies by considering different voltage conditions and adequate results were presented.
Application of a Hadoop-based Distributed System for Offline Processing of Power Quality Disturbances
Authors: Mollaei Nader , Mousavi Seyyed Hadi
Published: January 2018

Electric power quality is a critical issue for electric utilities and their customers and identification of the power quality disturbances is an important task in power system monitoring and protection. Offline processing of power quality disturbances provides an economic alternative for electric distribution companies, not capable of buying enough number of power quality analyzers for monitoring the disturbances online. Due to the wide frequency range of the disturbances which may happen in a power system, a high sampling rate is necessary for digital processing of the disturbances. Therefore, a large volume of data must be processed for this purpose for each node of an electric distribution network and such a processing has not yet been practical. However, thanks to the rapid developments of digital processors and computer networks, processing big databases is not so hard today. Apache Hadoop is an open-source software framework that allows for the distributed processing of large datasets using simple programming models. In this paper, application of Hadoop distributed computing software for offline processing of power quality disturbances is proposed and it is shown that this application makes such a processing possible and leads to a very cheaper system with widespread usage, compared to the power quality analyzers.
Improved Fully Differential Low Power Active Filter
Authors: Halkhams Imane , Mehdi Mahmoud , Mazer Said , El Bekkali Moulhime , El Hamdani Wafae
Published: January 2018

This paper relates the new topology and simulations of a fully differential CMOS active filter for mm wave band applications. The advantages of the differential topology over the single ended one are discussed and the quality factor is tuned to insure application requirements, including narrow bandwidth and high selectivity due to a differential negative resistance that reuses the filter’s current. Using this topology enables independent tuning of the quality factor and low power consumption while compensating the resistive loss of the filter. Very high filter performance was obtained with the simulated active inductor based active filter that was designed using CMOS 0.35 µm technology from AMS foundry and that resonates at 30 GHz with a high quality factor of Q > 500.
Comparative Study of Five-Level and Seven-Level Inverter Controlled by Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
Authors: Bendaikha Abdelmalik , Saad Salah
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a MATLAB/SIMULINK model of two multi-level inverter topologies. Algorithms based on space vector modulation (SVM) technique are developed in order to conduct a comparative study on diode clamped five and seven level inverters. The scheme used to develop these control algorithms are based on symmetrical sequence because of the symmetry of the switching wave. Both topologies are simulated and analyzed using a squirrel cage induction motor. The results have showed that the best motor dynamic response with less harmonic distortion and torque fluctuations is obtained when seven-level inverter is employed.
A PWM Strategies for Diode Assisted NPC-MLI to Obtain Maximum Voltage Gain for EV Application
Authors: Bharatiraja C. , Harish Shri , Munda J L , Sanjeevikumar P. , Kumar M. Sriram , Bhati Vivek
Published: January 2018

The projected diode assisted Neutral Point Diode Clamed (NPC-MLI) with the photovoltaic system produces a maximum voltage gain that is comparatively higher than those of other boost conversion techniques. This paper mainly explores vector selection approach pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategies for diode-assisted NPC-MLI to obtain a maximum voltage gain without compromising in waveform quality. To obtain a high voltage gain maximum utilization of dc-link voltage and stress on the power switches must be reduced. From the above issues in the diode assisted NPC-MLI leads to vector selection approach PWM technique to perform capacitive charging in parallel and discharging in series to obtain maximum voltage gain. The operation principle and the relationship of voltage gain versus voltage boost duty ratio and switching device voltage stress versus voltage gain are theoretically investigated in detail. Owing to better performance, diode-assisted NPC-MLI is more promising and competitive topology for wide range dc/ac power conversion in a renewable energy application. Furthermore, theoretically investigated are validated via simulation and experimental results.
Comparison of Multicarrier PWM Techniques for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Hasabelrasul Hashim , Yan Xiangwu
Published: January 2018

One of the preferred choices of electronic power conversion for high power applications are multilevel inverters topologies finding increased attention in industry. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is one of these topologies reaching the higher output voltage, power level and higher reliability due to its modular topology. Level Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (LSCPWM) and Phase Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation are used generally for switching cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This paper compares LSCPWM and PSCPWM in terms of total harmonics distortion (THD) and output voltage among inverter cells. Simulation for 21-level CHB inverter is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.
A Review: Design Variables Optimization and Control Strategies of a Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator for High Precision Applications
Authors: Kiat Yeo Chin , Md Ghazaly Mariam , Chong Shin Horng , Jamaludin Irma Wani
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the review of design variables optimization and control strategies of a Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator (LSRA).  The introduction of various type of linear electromagnetic actuators (LEA) are compared and the advantages of LSRA over other LEA are discussed together with the type of actuator configurations and topologies. The SRA provides an overall efficiency similar to induction actuator of the similar rating, subsequently the friction and windage losses are comparable but force density is better. LSRA has the advantage of low cost, simple construction and high reliability compare to the actuator with permanent magnet. However, LSRA also has some obvious defects which will influence the performance of the actuator such as ripples and acoustic noise which are caused by the highly nonlinear characteristics of the actuator. By researching the design variables of the actuator, the influences of those design variables are introduced and the detail comparisons are analyzed in this paper.  In addition, this paper also reviews on the control strategies in order to overcome the weaknesses of LSRA.
A Robust Sensorless Control of PMSM Based on Sliding Mode Observer and Model Reference Adaptive System
Authors: M’hamed Larbi , Zakaria Gherabi , Khireddine Doudar
Published: January 2018

This paper is intended to study and compare the operation of two methods for estimating the position/ speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) under sliding mode control. The first method is a model reference adaptive system (MRAS). The second method based on sliding mode observer (SMO). The stability condition of Sliding Mode Observer was verified using the Lyapunov method to make sure that the observer is stable in converging to the sliding mode plane. In this paper the performances of the proposed two algorithms are analyzed using SIMULINK/MATLAB. The simulations results are presented to verify the proposed sensorless control algorithms and can resolve the problem of load disturbance effects by simulations which verify that the two closed-loop control system is robust with respect to torque disturbance rejection.
Control Strategy Used in DFIG and PMSG Based Wind Turbines an Overview
Authors: Meenakshi V. , Paramasivam S.
Published: January 2018

Nowadays, the fossil combustibles are replaced by renewable energies sources .These renewable energies are nontoxic, dirt free, and protected and reasonably cheep for the user.   Renewable energy resources like bio-gas, geothermal, solar, tidal waves and wind have been found as the best alternatives energy source. Among those renewable energy sources, wind energy stands foremost for generating electricity. In order to have a constant utilization of wind energy and to extract maximum power from wind energy. In this paper, various control strategies prevalent to both the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator(PMSG) have been analyzed . In addition, control topology applicable to power electronics converter/inverter used in wind electric generators  are discussed.
A Fuzzy PID Controller for Induction Heating Systems with LLC Voltage Source Inverter
Authors: Chakrabarti Arijit , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Chakraborty Avijit , Pal Palash
Published: January 2018

The Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is the most popular control strategy in the process industry. The popularity can be attributed to its simplicity, better control performance and excellent robustness to uncertainties that is found through the research work on such controllers so far. This paper presents the design and tuning of a PID controller using Fuzzy logic for industrial induction heating systems with LLC voltage source inverter for controlling the induction heating power. The paper also compares the performance of the Fuzzy PID controller with that of a conventional PID controller for the same system. The system and the controllers are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed Fuzzy PID controller.
Performance Comparison of Star Connected Cascaded STATCOM Using Different PWM Techniques
Authors: Reddy Ch. Lokeshwar , Kumar P. Satish , Sushama M.
Published: January 2018

Five control algorithms are presented in this paper for STATCOM that meets the requirement of load reactive power and correspondingly voltage balancing of isolated dc capacitors for H-bridges. The control techniques used for an inverter in this paper are Sinusoidal Phase Shifted Carrier (SPSC) PWM, Sinusoidal Phase Disposition (SPD) PWM Third Harmonic Injected Phase Shifted Carrier (THIPSC) PWM, Space Vector Phase Shifted Carrier (SVPSC) PWM, and Space Vector Phase Disposition (SVPD) PWM techniques.  The STATCOM performance for the different load changes is simulated in MATLAB environment. The performance parameters such as balancing the DC link voltage, THD for the STATCOM output currents, voltages, and reactive components supplied by the STATCOM to the load are compared for all the control strategies.
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System-based Improvement of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Bataineh Khaled , Taamneh Yazan
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a maximum power point (MPP) tracking method based on a hybrid combination between the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and the conventional Perturb-and-Observe (P&O) method. The proposed algorithm utilizes the FLC to initialize P&O algorithm with an initial duty cycle.  MATLAB/Simulink models consisting of, the photovoltaic system, boost converter and controllers, are built to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. To accurately illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, comparisons with standalone FLC and P&O are carried out. The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated difficult weather conditions including sudden changes and partial shading. The results showed that the proposed algorithm successfully reaches MPP in all scenarios.
Sliding Mode Observers-based Fault Detection and Isolation for Wind Turbine-driven Induction Generator
Authors: Sellami T. , Berriri H. , Jelassi S. , Darcherif A. M. , Mimouni M. F.
Published: January 2018

Inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) faults on the induction machine has received much attention in the recent years. Early detection of such faults in wind turbine systems would allow to avoid fluctuation on wind power output and maintain the reliability level. In this paper, Sliding Mode Observers (SMO)-based fault detection and isolation method is developed for induction generator (IG)-based variable-speed grid-connected wind turbines. Firstly, the dynamic model of the wind turbine and IG was given and then, the control was made based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method. The IG closed-loop via Indirect Rotor Flux Oriented Control (IRFOC) scheme was also described. Hence, the performance of the wind turbine system and the stability of injected power to the grid were analyzed under the ITSC fault conditions. The control schemes were proved to be inherently unstable under the faulty conditions. Then, robust SMO were investigated to design an ITSC fault detection and isolation scheme. Finally, simulation results of ITSC detection and isolation in the variable-speed grid-connected wind turbine with affected IG confirm the theoretical development.
Power Quality Improvement by Solar Photo-voltaic / Wind Energy Integrated System Using Unified Power Quality Conditioner
Authors: Samal Sarita , Kumar Hota Prakash
Published: January 2018

The  real problems in diminution of power quality occurs due to the rapid growth of nonlinear load are leads to sudden decrease of source voltage for a few seconds  i.e sag, swell, harmonics in source and load current, voltage unbalance etc. All these   problems can be compensated by using Unified Power Quality Controller (UPQC) and the operation of UPQC depends upon the available voltage across capacitor present in dc link. If the capacitor voltage is maintained constant then it gives satisfactory performance. The proposed research is basically on designing of Photo Voltaic (PV) /Wind energy fed to the dc link capacitor of UPQC so as to maintain proper voltage across it and operate the UPQC for power quality analysis. The said model is simulated in Matlab and results are verified by using FFT analysis.The proposed PV/ Wind energy-UPQC is design in Matlab simulation for reduction of voltage sag, swell, interruption of voltage, harmonics in load current and compensation of active and reactive power.
Distributed Generation Inverter as APF in Dual APF DG interfacing Scheme
Authors: Babu Yadiki Rajendra , Rao C. Srinivasa
Published: January 2018

Power quality issues are the most concerned area for electrical engineers in these modern days due to indusrtrialization and advancements in electronics. Harmonics are one of the power quality issues that deteriorated the quality of source components delivered to load. Active power filters (APF) are the compensating devices used to mitigate harmonics. Distributed generation (DG) became a trendline due to economical, technical and environmental reasons. This paper presents the harmonic compensation using dual APF sharing compensating signals while active power is fed from distributed generation to grid. DG inverter acts as an interface between DG system and grid to feed active power from DG to grid. In this context, the DG inverter acts both as inverter and APF, used as inverter to invert supply from DG and feeds grid for specified time and also as APF for harmonic compensation thereafter along with dual APF. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results are shown for DG inverter feeding active power to grid and also acting as APF. Dual APF characteristics are also shown.  
Enhanced Zeta Converter for DC Bus Voltage Regulation
Authors: Suresh P. , Kirubakaran D.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, an Enhanced Zeta Converter (EZC) along with a high voltage gain converter is presented for DC Bus voltage regulation. The enhanced zeta converter consists of capacitors connected in parallel with the conventional zeta structure. The proposed zeta converter is applied to the Photo Voltaic system (PV) The well known Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)     P & O algorithm is used to extract maximum power from the photovoltaic system. The increased voltage is obtained with reduced number of switches using the proposed structure. The results to the proposed structure are compared with the conventional topology. The proposed converter is simulated using MATLAB and the same is verified with the hardware.
Performance Analysis of FPGA based Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive using Phase Opposition Disposition Multicarrier Based Modulation Strategy
Authors: Susheela Nunsavath , Kumar Satish
Published: January 2018

Multilevel inverters (MLI) are becoming more popular over the years for medium and high power applications because of its significant merits over two level inverters. This paper presents an implementation of multicarrier based sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique for three phase seven level diode clamped multilevel inverter.  This topology is operated under phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation technique. The performance of three phase seven level diode clamped inverter is analyzed for induction motor (IM) load.  Simulation is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the operation of the diode clamped multilevel inverter using field programmable gate array.
Analysis and Evaluation of Performance Parameters of Modified Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter
Authors: J N Hemalatha , S A Hariprasad , G S Anitha
Published: January 2018

The objective of this paper is to propose a modified Single Ended Primary Inductance converter topology with passive lossless snubber cell to achieve Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of the device near turn off and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) near turn on. By using the snubber cell effectively with the converter reduces the switching stress by restricting the large variations in voltage and current. The detailed analysis of the circuit with relevant waveforms of the circuit is described. The circuit is designed for a load of 100W at 12V output from an input source ranging between 20-30V. The circuit is modelled in MATLAB Simulink platform and the parameters are compared with conventional circuit. From the results it is shown that the proposed circuit operates at a lesser voltage stress and at higher efficiency than conventional one.
Modeling and Execution the Control Strategy for the Three-Level Rectifier Based on Voltage Oriented Control
Authors: Ahmed K. Y. , Yahaya N. Z. , Ramani K. , Asirvadam V.S.
Published: January 2018

In the recent years, three-level rectifier becomes an attractive rectifier replaced the two-level rectifiers. This rectifier provides many advantages, such as sinusoidal input current which contains low harmonics, unity power factor, bi-directional power flow, low voltage and switching loss for each switch. This paper presents a modelling and execution of the three-level rectifier for improvement of power quality under different loading based on voltage oriented control. The mathematical model and the control design were presented in this paper for the current inner loop and voltage outer loop, respectively. In order to evaluate the operation of the three-level rectifier under different conditions, the model was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink. The experiment has been used to confirm the operation of the rectifier and its controller. The simulation and experimental results show that the excellent performance under steady-state and dynamic load variations was achieved; the unity power factor and pure sinusoidal in the grid side has also been accomplished.
Hardware Implementation of Solar Photovoltaic System based Half Bridge Series Parallel Resonant Converter for Battery Charger
Authors: K Rakhi , Karuppasamy Ilango , G Nair Manjula
Published: January 2018

The long established battery chargers are having many drawbacks such as prominent ripple charging current, less efficiency and bulky in size. To overcome these drawbacks of conventional battery charger, several charging circuits have been proposed and inevitability force to design a high-performance battery charger with small in size and improved efficiency. In this paper solar photovoltaic system based half-bridge series–parallel resonant converter (HBSPRC) charger is proposed for battery interface. The converter is designed to abolish low and high-frequency ripple currents and thus take full advantage of the life of secondary battery circuit. This is achieved by designing converter switches turn on at zero current and zero voltage with switching frequency greater than that of resonance frequency which leads to freewheeling diodes need not have very fast reverse-recovery characteristics. The performance of the power converters depends upon the control method adopted; in this work fuzzy logic controller is used for controlling the output voltage of HBSPRC. The fuzzy control scheme for the HBSPR converter has been designed and validated in hardware implementation of HBSPRC switching technique.  From the results, it is found that the proposed battery charging system which reduces the switching loss and voltage stress across the power switches which increases the efficiency of the converter.
High Torque Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machine in Segmented Outer Rotor using Appropriate Split Ratio for Electric Scooter Propulsion
Authors: Mbadiwe I Enwelum , Sulaiman Erwan , Zarafi Ahmad Md , Rahimi Siti Khalidah
Published: January 2018

Recently, permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) having the diameter of 11inches was successfully developed and installed in electric scooter vehicle (ESV) for propulsion. It consists of segmented stators of 24 armature slots and 100 pieces of permanent magnet of 2 kg weight mounted on rotating rotor. Upon the huge amount of materials and permanent magnet used, PMSM produced 110Nm only. Looking at the size, this torque is low and could not sustain acceleration for long distance travels. To overcome the challenge of low torque, this paper presents a new machine type, flux switching motor (FSM) with 1 kg weight of permanent magnet flux source employing segmented outer rotor.  Six ranges of split ratio of 0.80-0.85 for outer rotor 24slot-14pole FSPM motor configurations were designed and compared. The 2D-FEA by JMAG software version 14 is used to examine its performance in term of flux linkage, cogging torque, back-emf and average torque which the structure with split ratio of 0.85 took lead by securing highest torque profile of 209Nm. It also achieved low cogging torque to operate in safe region. In conclusion, appropriate split ratio significantly enhances high torque capability of permanent magnet flux switching motor for electric scooter propulsion.
MRAS-based Sensorless Speed Integral Backstepping Control for Induction Machine, using a Flux Backstepping Observer
Authors: Horch Mohamed , Boumediene Abdelmadjid , Baghli Lotfi
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a study concerning a sensorless vector control of an induction machine fed by a voltage source inverter. The aim is to provide a scheme to control the speed and the rotor flux using a sensorless integral backstepping control approach. The rotor speed estimation is done by an observer using the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) technique whereas the nonlinear backstepping observer is used to get the rotor flux. The main objective is to achieve a robust control, adaptive and efficient, which will allow us to test and evaluate the performance of the proposed observer, combined with a sensorless control of the induction machine. Tests and validation are done using numerical simulations with MATLAB/SIMULINK-PSB (Power System Block set) toolbox. The results show good performance in terms of robustness regarding machine parameter variations and show the excellent quality of the control law associated with the observer, despite the observability problems when the machine operates at low speed.      
Performance of STATCOM-ES in Mitigating SSR
Authors: R.C Mala , Prabhu Nagesh , Rao H.V Gururaja
Published: January 2018

One of the advanced power applications using energy storage is the integration of energy storage technologies with VSC-based FACTS controllers. With the support of energy storage device, FACTS controllers will have the ability to exchange active power or energy with the ac network in steady state. This paper discusses the impact of Static Synchronous Compensator incorporating energy storage device (STATCOM-ES) on subsynchronous resonance (SSR). It also proposes the design of an auxiliary SSR damping controller (SSDC) for STATCOM-ES to damp the subsynchronous oscillations which the system is undergoing because of a series capacitor in the transmission system. The system under consideration is IEEE FBM which is modified to incorporate STATCOM-ES at the electrical midpoint. The investigation of SSR characteristics when a STATCOM - ES operating in bus voltage regulation mode is carried out by eigenvalue and damping torque analysis. Transient analysis based on the nonlinear model is also performed to validate the results obtained by conventional methods.
Neural Adaptive Kalman Filter for Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motor
Authors: Imane Ghlib , Youcef Messlem , Abdelmadjid Gouichiche , Zakaria Chedjara
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a novel neural adaptive Kalman filter for speed sensorless field oriented vector control of induction motor. The adaptive observer proposed here is based on MRAS (model reference adaptive system) technique, where the linear Kalman filter calculate the stationary components of stator current and the rotor flux and the rotor speed  is calculated with an adaptive mechanism. Moreover, to improve the performance of the PI classical controller under different conditions, a novel adaptation scheme based on ADALINE (ADAptive LInear NEuron) neural network is used. It offers a solution to the PI parameters to stabilize automatically about their optimum values and speed estimation to converge quicker to the real. The proposed adaptive Kalman filter represents a good comprise between estimation accuracy and computationally intensive. The simulation results showed the robustness, efficiency, and superiority of the proposed scheme compared to the classical method even in low speed region.
Kalman Filter Algorithm Based Optimal Power Dispatch In Multinode System
Authors: Albert William M. Vijay , Kumar M. Rajeev , Bhaskar K. , Durairaj K.
Published: January 2018

Deregulation can be characterized as the way toward evacuating the limitations and controls to accomplish focused discount costs without trading off sufficiency, framework dependability and security. In deregulation prepare there exist no. of purchasers and merchants. Where the offering and purchasing of force happen through various components is called control advertise. The utilization of the hereditary calculation to take care of the ideal power dispatch issue for a multi-hub sell off the market is proposed. The ideal power dispatch issue is a non-straight streamlining issue with a few requirements. The target of the proposed hereditary calculation is to amplify the aggregate member's advantage at all hubs in the framework. The proposed calculation is easy to execute and can undoubtedly consolidate extra requirements. The calculation was tried on a 17-hub, 26-line framework. The outcomes have demonstrated that the proposed calculation yields great outcomes that are steady with the run of the mill showcase conduct.Introduction in 1988 all electric power utilities all through the world worked with a hierarchical model in which one is controlling expert the utility worked the era, Transmission, and Distribution Systems situated in a fixed geographic region. Financial specialists for quite a while had addressed whether this syndication association was productive.
Performance Analysis of 12Slot with Various Rotor Pole Numbers HE-FSM for HEV Application
Authors: Rahimi Siti Khalidah , Ahmad Zarafi , Sulaiman Erwan , Mbadiwe I Enwelum , Othman Syed Muhammad Naufal Syed
Published: January 2018

This paper presents performance analysis of 12Slot with various rotor pole numbers Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Machine (HEFSM) for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) application. HEFSM has carried out by combining the advantage of Permanent Magnet (PM) machines and DC Field Excitation Coil (FEC) synchronous machines. Previously, most of HEFSM structure having FEC windings in theta direction that create a problem of flux cancellation that will affect the performances of the machine.  Thus, a design of 12Slot HEFSM with FEC wounded in radial direction is proposed to eliminate the flux cancellation effect.  At first, armature coil arrangement test at no-load condition is conducted to analyze PM flux. Furthermore, induced voltage and cogging torque at open circuit condition are investigated based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, torque and power performances are also examined at maximum FEC and armature current densities. The outcomes demonstrate that 12S-14P configuration has the highest PM flux linkage, torque, power and less distortion of back-emf waveform which are required to be used as a motor in HEVs. The highest torque and power achieved are 220.15Nm and 92.45kW, respectively.
Thermal Modelling for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM)
Authors: Aziz R. , Atkinson G. J. , Salimin S.
Published: January 2018

It is important to predict the temperature in some of the essential parts in machine design to prevent the machine from any damage. Most researchers usually not given much attention on thermal analysis during machine design as much as the electromagnet design. Therefore, in this study, two types of thermal modelling were proposed to predict the temperature of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). Infolytica ThermNet software has been used since the software is related to Infolytica Magnet and the losses obtained from the electromagnetic field analysis are used as the heat source in the thermal analysis. Comparison has been done between the predicted temperature from lumped parameter model and finite element analysis. The results also will be validated by using experimental setup. Since Infolytica Magnet has been used to analyse the electromagnetic output therefore finite element analysis model is the better choice.
The Combination of Newton-Raphson Method and Curve-Fitting Method for PWM-based Inverter
Authors: Tohtayong Majdee , Khan Sheroz , Yaacob Mashkuri , Yusoff Siti Hajar , Midi Nur Shahida , Ahmed Musse Mohamud , Wafa Fawwaz , Aboadla Ezzidin , Aznan Khairil Azhar
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the combination of two different methods to perform the waveform analysis for PWM-operated inverter. The two techniques are Newton-Raphson method and Curve-Fitting as a PWM concept to operate PWM-based inverter, the proper solutions of switching angles can valuate the initial values by using the Newton-Raphson method with the wide-step calculation of modulation indices. The solutions are then compared using a curve in order to study the behavior. Then, the Curve-Fitting method is used to estimate the missing solutions between any points of wide-step calculation. This combination method can estimate the probable solutions that cannot be solved by Newton-Raphson method in a wide-ranging of the modulation index and reduce the calculation time. PWM-based inverter, which is obtained the switching angles by Newton-Raphson method and the combination of two different methods, is verified by the simulation results showing faster performance with improved Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) than both methods alone when compared the same values of switching angles.
Predictive Control of AC/AC Matrix Converter
Authors: Yusoff Siti Hajar , Midi Nur Shahida , Khan Sheroz , Tohtayong Majdee
Published: January 2018

This work investigates the usage of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for a three phase conventional matrix converter with low pass filter at the input and output side. The conventional matrix converter has 3 input and 3 output which gives 27 switching state. From this design, a MPC is incorporate to control the output voltage and the input currents for all the phases. The design of the proposed controller is based on the input current controller and output voltage controller with load observer.  The proposed MPC using cost function will select the minimized switching state to be applied to next switching. This gives a sinusoidal output voltages and input currents. A simulation and experimental studies are presented to validate the proposed control scheme.
Vibration Based Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit using Diode-Capacitor Topologies for Low Power Applications
Authors: Amirnudin Amirul Adlan , Mustafa Farahiyah , Asry Anis Maisarah Mohd , Sim Sy Yi
Published: January 2018

A battery-less energy harvesting interface circuit to extract electrical energy from vibration has been proposed in this paper for low power applications. The voltage doubler integrated with DC – DC boost converter circuits were designed and simulated using MultiSIM software. The circuit was then fabricated onto a printed circuit board (PCB), using standard fabrication process. The Cockcroft Walton doubler was chosen to be implemented in this study by utilizing diode-capacitor topologies with additional RC low pass filter. The DC – DC boost converter has been designed using a CMOS step -up DC – DC switching regulators, which are suitable for low input voltage system. The achievement of this interface circuit was able to boost up the maximum voltage of 5 V for input voltage of 800 mV.
Suppression of Activated FOXO Transcription Factors in the Heart Prolongs Survival in a Mouse Model of Laminopathies
Authors: Auguste Gaelle , Gurha Priyatansh , Lombardi Raffaella , Coarfa Cristian , Willerson James T. , Marian Ali J.
Published: January 2018

Rationale:

Mutations in the
LMNA
gene, encoding nuclear inner membrane protein lamin A/C, cause distinct phenotypes, collectively referred to as laminopathies. Heart failure, conduction defects, and arrhythmias are the common causes of death in laminopathies.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to identify and therapeutically target the responsible mechanism(s) for cardiac phenotype in laminopathies.

Methods and Results:

Whole-heart RNA sequencing was performed before the onset of cardiac dysfunction in the
Lmna
−/−
and matched control mice. Differentially expressed transcripts and their upstream regulators were identified, validated, and targeted by adeno-associated virus serotype 9-short hairpin RNA constructs. A total of 576 transcripts were upregulated and 233 were downregulated in the
Lmna
−/−
mouse hearts (
q
<0.05). Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors (TFs) were the most activated while E2 factors were the most suppressed transcriptional regulators. Transcript levels of FOXO targets were also upregulated in the isolated
Lmna
−/−
cardiac myocytes and in the myocardium of human heart failure patients. Nuclear localization of FOXO1 and 3 was increased, whereas phosphorylated (inactive) FOXO1 and 3 levels were reduced in the
Lmna
−/−
hearts. Gene set enrichment analysis and gene ontology showed activation of apoptosis and inflammation and suppression of cell cycle, adipogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation in the
Lmna
−/−
hearts. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9-short hairpin RNA–mediated suppression of FOXO TFs rescued selected molecular signatures, improved apoptosis, and prolonged survival by ≈2-fold.

Conclusions:

FOXO TFs are activated and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac phenotype in laminopathies. Suppression of the FOXO TFs in cardiac myocytes partially rescues the phenotype and prolongs survival. The findings identify FOXO TFs as potential therapeutic targets for cardiac phenotype in laminopathies.