bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri dalam Mata Kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan untuk Menguatkan Kewargaan Digital
Authors: Sartika Rika , Maftuh Bunyamin , Nurdin Encep Syarief , Budimansyah Dasim
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana implementasi model pembelajaran inkuiri dalam menguatkan keterampilan kewargaan digital yang dimiliki mahasiswa. Keterampilan ini sangat dibutuhkan untuk menghadapi era digital dimana ruang kehidupan tak terbatas dan pola interaksi yang bervariasi, agar tetap beretika. Melalui model pembelajaran inkuiri dalam Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, diharapkan mahasiswa bukan hanya memiliki pengetahuan digital; namun juga memiliki tanggungjawab digital.Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif; dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi; wawancara; dan kajian literatur. Lokasi penelitian di dua perguruan tinggi yaitu Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dan Institut Teknologi Bandung. Informan penelitian yang dituju yaitu dosen dan mahasiswa. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data; pengujian data; dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengembangan model pembelajaran inkuiri yang ideal untuk menguatkan keterampilan kewargaan digital adalah yang dikolaborasikan dengan blended learning;  Kendala yang dihadapi dalam penerapan model yaitu keterampilan dosen dalam menguasai teknologi dan motivasi mahasiswa menggunakan sumber digital yang terpercaya. Mahasiswa memiliki keterampilan kewargaan digital setelah menggunakan model inkuiri. Implikasi penelitian ini yaitu model hipotetik inkuiri yang sesuai dengan era digital saat ini dan dapat diterapkan di perkuliahan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan.
Generation Z Entrepreneurial Morals towards Intention through Self-Efficacy and Motivation, Based on Creative Economy
Authors: Ningsih Caria , Nauval Muhammad Luthfi , Turgarini Dewi
Published: December 2024

This research aims to identify the influence of entrepreneurial morals on entrepreneurial intention, with self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation as intervening variables among Generation Z students of tourism study program. This is a quantitative research using the Path Analysis method. Based on computation, sample of this research is using 100 tourism students from Indonesian Education University (UPI), who are participating in the entrepreneurship program. The results of the study indicate that entrepreneurial motivation plays an important role as a significant mediator in linking entrepreneurial moral with entrepreneurial intention, while self-efficacy does not have a significant influence on the relationship between entrepreneurial moral to entrepreneurial intention. Overall, entrepreneurial moral play a significantly important role in increasing the self-efficacy, entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intention of tourism students. It is expected that this research can recommend and contribute to the development of a more effective and relevant creative economy-based entrepreneurship program to increase interest in entrepreneurship among tourism students.
Development and Application of Fluorescent and Lateral Flow Strip Recombinase-aided Amplification for rapid detection of Glasserella parasuis
Authors: Che Yongliang , Wang Yao , Wu Renjie , Wang Longbai , Wu Xuemin , Chen Qiuyong , Chen Rujing , Zhou Lunjiang
Published: December 2024

Background
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is one of bacterial respiratory pathogens from pigs, which can cause high morbidity and mortality in weaned piglets in piggery. An accurate and rapid detection for G. parasuis is crucial for Glässer’s disease control. In the present study, two different Recombinase-aided Amplification (RAA) methods with fluorescence or lateral flow dipstrip were developed to detect G. parasuis.
Results
The fluorescent RAA (Fluo-RAA) and lateral flow RAA (LF-RAA) assays can specifically detect G. parasuis with a sensitivity of 10 copies and 100 copies, respectively. The two assays can use boiling treatment to nasal swabs fluid samples as DNA template with the same sensitivity as DNA extraction by commercial kit. In the detection nasal swabs samples, Fluo-RAA assay is more sensitive than LF-RAA assay and suitable for application in laboratory. But, because the whole procedureof LF-RAA assay can be finished in one hour without professional equipment, the assay has more advantage in field situation.
Conclusions
Both Fluo-RAA and LF-RAA assays are rapid and simple methods for precise diagnostic testing for G. parasuis infection.
YOLO-STOD: An Industrial Conveyor Belt Tear Detection Model Based on Yolov5 Algorithm
Authors: Liu Wei , Tao Qing , Wang Nini , Xiao Wendong , Pan Cen
Published: December 2024

Real-time detection of conveyor belt tearing is of great significance to ensure mining in the coal industry. The longitudinal tear damage problem of conveyor belts has the characteristics of multi-scale, abundant small targets, and complex interference sources. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of small-size tear damage detection algorithms under complex interference, we propose a visual detection method YOLO-STOD based on deep learning. Firstly, a multi-case conveyor belt tear datasets is developed for complex interference and small-size detection. Second, the detection method YOLO-STOD is designed, which utilizes the BotNet attention mechanism to extract multi-dimensional tearing features, enhancing the model's feature extraction ability for small targets and enables the model to converge quickly under the conditions of few samples. Secondly, Shape_IOU is utilized to calculate the training loss, and the shape regression loss of the bounding box itself is considered to enhance the robustness of the model. Finally, the detection performance of the designed algorithm in complex environments is verified. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has high detection accuracy and detection rate compared with existing detection algorithms, and it is expected to be used for real-time detection of conveyor belt tearing in the industrial field.
Rescue of In Vitro Models of Adult-Onset Leukodystrophy by Iluzanebart: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of TREM2 Agonism
Authors: Larson Kelley C. , Gergits Frederick , Renoux Abigail J. , Weisman Elizabeth J. , Dejanovic Borislav , Huang Liyue , Pandya Bhaumik , McLaren Donald , Lynch Berkley A. , Fisher Richard , Thackaberry Evan , Gray David , Gaudreault Francois , Mirescu Christian
Published: December 2024

Microglia dysfunction is implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders, including a rare microgliopathy; CSF1R-related adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (CSF1R-ALSP). CSF1R-ALSP is caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) gene, which encodes a receptor required for the differentiation of myeloid cells, as well as for microglial survival and proliferation. Similar functions have also been ascribed to triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which shares an analogous microglia enrichment profile and converging intracellular signaling pathway mediated by spleen associated tyrosine kinase (SYK) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). Iluzanebart is a human monoclonal IgG1, human TREM2 (hTREM2) agonist antibody under development for the treatment of CSF1R-ALSP. To explore the therapeutic hypothesis that loss of CSF1R signaling and related microglial hypofunction can be circumvented via activation of TREM2, we evaluated the potential of iluzanebart to compensate for CSF1R loss-of-function. Herein, we demonstrate that iluzanebart is a potent, dose-dependent, and specific activator of TREM2 signaling in human primary cells. Iluzanebart treatment rescued viability of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDM) and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human microglia (iMGL) in multiple in vitro models of CSF1R-ALSP, including in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiated microglia carrying the heterozygous I794T mutation found in CSF1R-ALSP patients. Additionally, iluzanebart treatment in microglia modulated surface levels of CSF1R, resulting in increased receptor activation as measured by phosphorylation of CSF1R. Differentially expressed genes identified in the hippocampus of mice treated with iluzanebart were exemplary of TREM2 activation and were related to cell proliferation, regulation of inflammatory processes, and innate immune response pathways. Proliferation of microglia, changes in protein levels of specific chemokines identified by gene expression analysis, and increased CSF1R levels were also confirmed in vivo. These findings demonstrate that iluzanebart is a potent and selective TREM2 agonistic antibody, with pharmacology that supports the hypothesis that TREM2 activation can compensate for CSF1R dysfunction and its continued clinical development for individuals with CSF1R-ALSP.
Transcription Factor Networks and Novel Immune Biomarkers Reveal Key Prognostic and Therapeutic Insights in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhao Aiqin , Zhou Sufang , Yang Xiaoyi , Lu Haying , Zou Dan , Zhang Xuan , Liu Li
Published: December 2024

Background
Understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for advancing immunotherapy in ovarian cancer (OC). However, predicting transcription factor (TF) regulation within the TME using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data remains challenging.
Methods
We applied the SCENIC method to explore TF regulation in the OC TME. A risk model was constructed using Lasso regression, and immunological subgroups were identified through ConsensusClusterPlus. To assess the predictive power of the risk model regarding the tumor immune microenvironment, we calculated stromal, immune, estimate scores, and tumor purity. Additionally, the expression and function of the genes within the risk model were analyzed.
Results
We identified six immune-related malignant cell subpopulations (TC0-6) within the cancer immune microenvironment. TC0 exhibited a distinct immune profile, showing the strongest interactions with immune cells. A meta-gene analysis of TC0, based on the top 30 targets of 14 TFs, revealed two molecular subtypes (C1 and C2) with significant survival differences. Among the genes identified, JCHAIN and UBD function as tumor suppressors, while RARRES1 acts as an oncogene.
Conclusion
This study established a 9-gene risk model to predict ovarian cancer prognosis. Additionally, JCHAIN, UBD, and RARRES1 were identified as novel immune-related biomarkers for OC, providing new insights for future immunotherapy strategies.
Pediatric Cerebral Infarction Unraveled: A Case of MTHFR Mutation and Hyperhomocysteinemia-Case Report
Authors: Yu Diao , Huang Yuran , Hu Chengyuan , Xian Xiaohu , Liu Jinlin , Hu Lan
Published: December 2024

Background
Cerebral infarction in children without underlying diseases is rare, and its causes are complex.
Case presentation
We present a case of a 14-year-old boy who experienced left limb weakness and slurred speech for 5 days. MRI revealed cerebral infarction in the bilateral occipital lobes and right centrum semiovale, with high homocysteine levels. He was diagnosed with cerebral infarction due to hyperhomocysteinemia and treated with anticoagulation. While his symptoms resolved, homocysteine levels remained elevated after 3 months. Genetic testing identified an MTHFR mutation, leading to a treatment adjustment that included betaine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate, and hydroxocobalamin. Following 3 months of this new regimen, the patient fully recovered, with normalized homocysteine levels.
Conclusions
Hyperhomocysteinemia caused by MTHFRmutations should be considered in young patients with unexplained cerebral infarction. The supplementation with betaine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate, and hydroxocobalamin was beneficial in decreasing homocysteine levels.
Association between body temperature measurement methods and 28-day and 1-year Mortality in critically sepsis patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Yaqing , Ni Chen , Hao Cuiping , Liu Hongmei , Ni Mingde , Hu Chunying
Published: December 2024

Accurate temperature measurement is essential for efficient treatment of patients with sepsis since they often display abnormal body temperatures. Here, the relationships between temperature measurement methods and mortality in sepsis patients were investigated. Data from the MIMIC-IV database were used in a retrospective cohort design, focusing on primary outcomes of 28-day and 1-year mortality. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (Cl) were computed using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Overall, 21,391 sepsis patients requiring critical care were analyzed, of whom 57.4% were male. After adjusting for all covariates, multivariable Cox analysis indicated markedly increased mortality risk when temperatures were measured orally (28-day mortality: HR = 3.66, 95% CI [2.82, 4.76]; 1-year mortality: HR = 3.69, 95% CI [3.07, 4.43]), esophageally (28-day mortality: HR = 4.99, 95% CI [3.44, 7.24]; 1-year mortality: HR = 4.08, 95% CI [2.99, 5.57]), rectally (28-day mortality: HR = 5.19, 95% CI [3.90, 6.92]; 1-year mortality: HR = 5.02, 95% CI [4.07, 6.20]), axillary (28-day mortality: HR = 4.99, 95% CI [3.81, 6.55]; 1-year mortality: HR = 4.61, 95% CI [3.81, 5.60]), and temporally (28-day mortality: HR = 4.09, 95% CI [3.76, 6.89]; 1-year mortality: HR = 4.82, 95% CI [3.86, 6.02]) compared to blood temperature measurements. This study demonstrates that various body temperature measurement methods are found to be associated with both 28-day and 1-year mortality in severely ill patients with sepsis.
Breast Cancer Classification Using Breast Ultrasound Images with a Hybrid of Transfer Learning and Bayesian-Optimized Fast Learning Network
Authors: Ahishakiye Emmanuel , Kanobe Fredrick
Published: December 2024

Background
Breast cancer remains the most frequent cancer diagnosed in females, resulting in high mortality rates worldwide. Approximately 2.3 million cases are diagnosed annually. If it is detected at an early stage, the rate of survival is significantly improved; therefore, there is an urgent need for techniques that can be used for its effective diagnosis.
Method
The study aimed to present a hybrid model for breast cancer classification by employing DenseNet201 as a feature extractor and Bayesian-Optimized Fast Learning Network (FLN) as a classifier. The pre-trained DenseNet201 extracts high-quality features from breast ultrasound images on large datasets, which get classified through an FLN optimized using Bayesian techniques for hyperparameter tuning.
Results
The model performed well by achieving an accuracy of 96.79%, 94.71% F1 score, 96.81% precision, and 93.48% recall, while the AUC for benign, malignant, and normal cases was found to be 0.96, 0.95, and 0.98, respectively. Cross-entropy loss metrics further validated the model on its robust training and validation.
Conclusion
There is a great potential that this proposed model could enhance breast cancer diagnosis. This indeed is a reliable and efficient clinical solution for application.
Development and Validation of a Dynamic Nomogram for Predicting Cognitive Impairment Risk in Older Adults with Dentures: Analysis from CHARLS and CLHLS Data
Authors: Guo Tongtong , Zhao Xiaoqing , Zhang Xinyi , Xing Yang , Dong Zhiwei , Li Haiyan , Gao Runguo , Chen Shanquan , Zheng Wengui , Jing Qi
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims
Cognitive impairment is a common issue among the elderly, with denture use identified as a potential, easily recognizable clinical risk factor. However, the link between denture wear and cognitive decline in elderly Chinese adults remains understudied. This study aimed to develop and validate a dynamic nomogram to predict the risk of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elderly denture wearers.
Methods
Participants were divided into development, internal, and external validation sets. The imbalanced data in the development set were first processed using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), followed by predictor selection using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). A nomogram was then constructed to dynamically display and present the results. Receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1 Score, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the validity of the model in terms of identification, calibration, and clinical validity.
Results
We identified five factors (age, residence, education, IADL, and depression) to construct the nomogram. The area under the curve of the prediction model was 0.854 (95%CI 0.839–0.870) in the development set, 0.841 (95%CI 0.805–0.877) in the internal validation set, and 0.856 (95%CI 0.838–0.873) in the external validation set. Calibration curves indicated significant agreement between predicted and actual values, and decision curve analysis demonstrated valuable clinical application.
Conclusions
Five factors were chosen as the final for the established nomogram in predicting the risk of cognitive impairment in older denture wearers. The nomogram has acceptable discrimination and can be used in the planning of preventive interventions for cognitive impairment among older denture-wearing populations by healthcare professionals and community health workers.
Inhibition of adipose tissue-derived fatty acid binding protein suppresses pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis
Authors: Shinoda Shuhei , Nakamura Naohiko , Inoko Kazuho , Sato-Dahlman Mizuho , Carmella Steven , Hecht Stephen , Bernlohr David A , Ikramuddin Sayeed , Yamamoto Masato
Published: December 2024

Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, and obesity is a known risk factor for PDAC. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is noted to be higher in obese patients, and linked to the progression of obesity-related cancers. This study aimed to elucidate the role of FABP4 and the anticancer effect of FABP4 inhibition in PDAC using preclinical mouse models.
Methods
In mouse PDAC cells derived from genetic pancreatic cancer model with KRASG12D and p53 mutation, and human PDAC cell lines, we assessed cell viability, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion capability after FABP4 and/or FABP4 inhibitor (HTS01037) treatment. The antitumor effect of FABP4 inhibition was evaluated with syngeneic PDAC tumor in FABP4 null (AKO) mice as well as syngeneic and xenogeneic subcutaneous tumor models in mice treated with HTS01037. HTS01037 treatment was also tested in orthotopic as well as liver metastasis models. We analyzed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness makers in vitro and vivo samples. In addition, efficacy of combination therapy of gemcitabine (GEM) plus HTS01037 was assessed in the syngeneic model.
Results
In vitro, HTS010137 suppressed FABP4-induced cell viability in human and murine PDAC cells. FABP4 increased cellular proliferation, and HTS01037 reversed the changes and increased apoptosis. FABP4 promoted migration and invasive potency, and increased EMT and stemness markers that were associated with up-regulation of EMT activating transcription factor ZEB1. Both FABP4 knockout and inhibition with HTS01037 suppressed the syngeneic subcutaneous tumor growth with reduction of EMT and stemness. Similar to the syngeneic tumors, the xenogeneic tumor growth was inhibited by HTS01037 treatment. HTS01037 showed significant anticancer and antimetastatic effect which improved the survivals in the orthotopic model. HTS01037 also attenuated development and growth of liver metastases in the liver metastasis model. Moreover, HTS01037 enhanced the efficacy of GEM to PDAC in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion
FABP4 promoted the PDAC progression and FABP4 inhibition showed significant anticancer effect by suppressing cellular proliferation, EMT, and cancer stemness. FABP4 inhibitor has a promising translational value for PDAC treatment and can be a critical therapeutic option in PDAC patients.
Improving the Final Atmospheric Seal of Conserved Archaeological Iron from Marine Sites: A Case Study of Cannon Conservation in Louisiana
Authors: Dostal Christopher
Published: December 2024

The conservation of iron artifacts from marine archaeological sites faces persistent challenges due to post-recovery electrochemical corrosion. This study investigates the efficacy of a novel conservation treatment that combines microcrystalline wax with a paint overlay, aiming to improve the final atmospheric seal of conserved iron artifacts. The research was conducted at the Conservation Research Laboratory (CRL) at Texas A&M University, involving the treatment of two historically significant cannons with this dual-layer method. The cannons were exposed to controlled yet rigorous environmental conditions to test the durability and protective quality of the treatment. The findings indicate that the combined use of microcrystalline wax and paint significantly enhances corrosion resistance while maintaining the aesthetic and structural integrity of the artifacts under various climatic exposures. This paper discusses the experimental procedures, the resulting data, and the practical implications of this treatment, advocating for its application in both museum settings and outdoor displays. The study contributes a substantial advancement to conservation practices by offering a reversible and effective solution that upholds the historical value of the artifacts while extending their lifespan.
A study on genetic copy number variations reveals NLGN1 is over represented in primary angle closure glaucoma patients
Authors: Chakraborty Sudipta , Das Chitrarpita , V Thabitha Zelin Rachel. , Kaur Rattan , Das Purba , Sharma Anshul , Sharma Arundhati , Sihota Ramanjit , Biswas Nidhan K. , Acharya Moulinath
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide with a complex genetic etiology. For complex genetic disorders, copy number variation (CNV) is anticipated to play an essential role in disease vulnerability. The impact of CNVs on PACG has not been studied yet.
Methods: In India, ~30% of people show narrow angle but 0.5-1% of people actually develop PACG. To minimize heterogeneity, we performed a genome-wide CNV analysis between older (age ≥60 years) anatomically suspects (PACS) showing narrow angle <15° and PACG individuals having age ≤50 years to detect genetic factors responsible for glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
Results: We identified a recurrent amplification involving the genomics region of NLGN1 in PACG. Subsequently, quantitative PCR validated increased NLGN1 copy number in PACG compared to PACS and controls. Integrative bioinformatics revealed NLGN1's role in pathways associated with neurodegenerative and ocular diseases, its interactions with genes impacting glaucoma risk factors like intraocular pressure and optic nerve morphology, and regulatory genomic features in the amplified region potentially affecting NLGN1 expression.
Discussion: The amplification may induce synaptic defects in retinal neurons or developmental abnormalities in visual pathways, precipitating neurodegeneration. The findings provide compelling evidence linking NLGN1 copy number gains to PACG pathogenesis, suggesting NLGN1's potential relevance to glaucoma biology.
Evaluating Physiological Indicators in Detecting Deception and Truthfulness Using the Comparison Question Test
Authors: Rashid A M Shahruj , Carmichael Bryan , Su Charlize , Shi Keming , Lim Keefe , Poorvika Senthil Kumar , Wan Ngok Jeun , Govil Eshaan , Yap Dennis
Published: December 2024

Despite significant advancements in deception detection, traditional methods often fall short in real-world applications. This study addresses these limitations by evaluating the effectiveness of various physiological measures — pupil response, electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate (HR), and facial temperature changes — in predicting deception using the Comparison Question Test (CQT). It also fills a critical research gap by validating these methods within an Asian context. Employing a between-subjects design, data was collected from a diverse sample of 118 participants from Singapore, including Chinese, Indian, and Malay individuals. The research aims to identify which physiological indicators, in combination, offer the most robust predictions of deceptive behavior. Key innovations include the adaptation of the CQT with a modified directed lie paradigm and an expanded sample size to assess the relative importance of each physiological measure. The study’s findings reveal that pupil response is the most significant predictor of deception, with EDA enhancing the model’s explanatory power. HR, while relevant, adds limited value when combined with pupil response and EDA, and facial temperature changes were statistically non-significant. The study highlights the need for further research into the interactions among physiological measures and their application in varied contexts. This research contributes valuable insights into improving deception detection methodologies and sets the stage for future investigations that could incorporate additional physiological indicators and explore real-world applications.
Microrobot’s Performance in Cell-Lining Surfaces and Ex-vivo Tissue
Authors: Ribeiro Carla , Nauber Richard , Aziz Azaam , Robles David Castellanos , Hebenstreit Franziska , Medina-Sánchez Mariana
Published: December 2024

Medical microrobots (MRs) have emerged as promising tools for various biomedical applications, spanning therapeutics, diagnostics, and surgical interventions. Of particular interest is their potential in the female reproductive tract, where the intricate nature of the organs presents unique challenges and opportunities. In reproductive medicine, we can use alginate beads for local drug delivery for cancer cells, or the spiral carrier could provide a non-invasive alternative for intrafallopian zygote transfer. However, our understanding of these MRs' performance within this complex environment still needs to be improved. This study aims to assess the motion capabilities of various MR designs, including spiral embryo carriers, soft-capsule alginate beads, and therapeutic Janus particles—across diverse environmental conditions. Specifically, we focused on evaluating their performance on a cell monolayer that simulates the lining of the reproductive tract. Our findings reveal that the motion of these MRs above cell-coated channels does not compromise cell viability. Furthermore, we demonstrate the successful propulsion of Janus MRs coated with cumulus cells as camouflage to improve their performance in ex-vivo bovine oviduct tissue. This study enhances our understanding of MRs dynamics in the female reproductive tract. It lays the basis for their future integration into targeted therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in gynecological medicine.
A probiotic containing L. plantarum and P. acidilactici strains for treating upper respiratory infections in children aged 6 months to 5 years: a randomized, double-blind trial
Authors: Andrade-Platas Diana , Martinez-Figueroa Martha Gloria , Rodriguez-Palmero Maria , Espadaler-Mazo Jordi
Published: December 2024

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are highly prevalent, especially among young children. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a specific probiotic formula in shortening the duration of pediatric URIs of viral origin.
A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in children aged 6 months to 5 years, with URI with pharyngitis as diagnosed by a specialist. Participants were allocated to probiotic (strains L. plantarum KABP022, KABP023 and KABP033, and P. acidilactici KABP021) or placebo, twice daily for 15 days, and further followed up at 30 and 60 days from baseline. Antipyretic (ibuprofen) and antihistamine (cetirizine) were allowed as comedication and controlled. Co-primary outcomes were days of fever (axillary temperature >37.5ºC) and days of pain/discomfort (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability [FLACC] score >3), as recorded in a diary. Causative viruses were identified by PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs.
75 children were randomized and included in the analysis. Most frequent causative agents were rhinoviruses, coronaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus. Compared to placebo, duration of fever and of pain/discomfort were reduced by 1.1 days (95%CI 0.5-1.7; p=0.001), and by 0.7 days (95%CI 0.2-1.2; p=0.006) in probiotic group, respectively. Sensitivity analyses by detected virus, age, sex and recent URI episodes produced similar results. Use of comedication and other symptoms did not differ between study groups. No significant differences were found in the number of adverse events between the groups.
Conclusion: Intervention with this probiotic formula was associated with shorter duration of fever and pain/discomfort in pediatric URIs with pharyngitis.
Trial Registration: Prospectively registered on Oct 5th, 2023, as ISRCTN-66122782.
Scalable and selective deuteration of N-heteroarenes via single-atom photocatalysis
Authors: Dai Yi-Tao , Xu Jie , Cao Rui , Yang Shao-Zhen , Guo Yi-Ming , Xia Tong , Zhao Da , Pan Ting-Rui , Liew K.M. , Besenbacher Flemming
Published: December 2024

Deuterated N-heteroarenes offer vital applications in pharmaceutical and material fields (e.g., psychotropic drugs and deuterated OLEDs)1,2. However, their synthesis from hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions always requires expensive isotopic reagents (D2, C2H5OD, C6D6), metal complexes, or hazardous conditions (≥ 120 oC / 20 bar H2). Here we demonstrate a novel synthesis route for deuterated N-heteroarenes via single-atom photocatalysis (Pd1/TiO2) conducted in D2O at room temperature under 410 nm irradiation and inert atmosphere. This protocol successfully afforded satisfactory deuteration of 46 N-heteroarenes. By recycling used photocatalysts/D2O, up to 1.157 kg (11.93 mol) deuterated N-heteroarenes (≥ 90% D incorporation) were yielded using only 4.5 L D2O (249 mol). Mechanism investigations revealed that partially reduced single-atom Pd species, in situ generated under light irradiation, were active sites for photocatalytic HIE. The scalable and selective deuteration of N-heteroarenes via SA photocatalysis under mild conditions in D2O described herein will offer a feasible and effective path for developing novel deuterated small-molecule drugs or electronic materials.
Gut microbiome composition is linked to Mediterranean diet adherence and blood glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Bozzetto Lutgarda , Abuqwider Jumana , Pasolli Edoardo , Scidà Giuseppe , Corrado Alessandra , Vitale Marilena , De Filippis Francesca , Ercolini Danilo , Annuzzi Giovanni , Rivellese Angela
Published: December 2024

Microbiome composition has been related to blood glucose control in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Mediterranean Diet (MD) influences microbiome composition in healthy people. Whether MD influences blood glucose control in adults with long-lasting T1D through microbiome modification is not known. We aim in this study to investigate the relationships between MD, blood glucose control, and gut microbiome composition in adults with T1D, also exploring the feasibility of using gut microbiome profiles as predictive markers for clinical parameters and dietary patterns. In a cross-sectional study of 253 individuals with T1D, diet was assessed by EPIC questionnaire, adherence to the MD was evaluated by relative Mediterranean diet score (rMED), gut microbiome was analyzed by shotgun metagenomics and glucose control was assessed by HbA1c and continuous glucose monitoring. High adherence to MD was linked to improved blood glucose control, as evidenced by significantly lower HbA1c levels compared to subjects with low adherence. High adherence to MD was significantly associated with enrichment in beneficial microbial species. Conversely, low adherence corresponded to higher levels of potentially harmful species. Microbiome significantly predicted several variables including HbA1c and MD adherence. Our results highlight the beneficial effects of MD adherence on blood glucose control and gut microbiome composition in adults with long-standing T1D. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT05936242.
New Record of Selachian (shark) fauna from the early Miocene (Aquitanian) of Kachchh Region (western India): Palaeoecological and Palaeobiogeographic significance
Authors: Chaskar Ketan , Sagar Ramanand , Padia Darshit J , Chauhan Gaurav , Kapur Vivesh V , Pandya Pranav J. , Thakkar MG
Published: December 2024

The past two decades have witnessed a renewed interest in the Neogene (mainly Miocene) interval of the Kachchh (= Kutch) region owing to its potential to yield numerous records on fishes, reptiles, birds, and marine and terrestrial mammals. However, the Piscean (mainly selachian) faunal records from the Neogene (Miocene) interval have been sparsely emphasized. The current investigation reveals the most diverse assemblage of selachian (shark) fauna, to date, from the Aquitanian (~ 21 Ma) Khari Nadi Formation at Kotada, Kutch Basin, western India. The recovered selachian (shark) fauna comprises five genera, including Galeocerdo, Physogaleus, Carcharhinus, Negaprion and Hemipristis representing seven species. The presence of Galeocerdo mayumbensis, Carcharhinus falsiformis, and C. brevirostris comprise the oldest Neogene records from the Kutch Basin, western India. The diversity similarity coefficient data suggests that the Aquitanian selachian assemblage is quite dissimilar compared to the previously known Langhian-Serravallian assemblage from the Kutch Basin, western India. Global distribution of the selachian fauna reveals intermittent biogeographic connectivity between the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Indian Oceanic realms during the Aquitanian to Tortonian. However, complete stratigraphic records across various Oceanic realms are warranted to fully understand the diversity change(s) and the direction(s) of migration(s) of the selachian fauna. Considering the data on Modern relatives of the recovered selachian fauna, it is most likely that the recorded selachian fauna dwelled in warm-temperate to tropical shallow coastal waters in the Neritic to Intertidal zones, i.e., coastal-reef to mesopelagic environment(s).
Persönlichkeitsrechte, Datenschutz & Co.
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: December 2024

Netiquette und Fair Play, Urheberrechte und Recht am eigenen Bild, Cybermobbing und Cyber-Bullying – wo Menschen, vor allem junge Menschen, im Internet unterwegs sind, stoßen sie früher oder später auf diese Themen und müssen sich damit auseinandersetzen. Gerade für Jugendliche ist das oft keine leichte Aufgabe, denn nicht nur sie, sondern auch ihre Eltern sind für ihr Tun teilweise verantwortlich – und wissen dennoch häufig zu wenig über die Gegebenheiten und Stolpersteine im WWW.Um hier eine Hilfestellung auf Augenhöhe bieten zu können, gibt es seit einiger Zeit www.webhelm.de – die Werkstatt-Community für Daten, Rechte, Persönlichkeit. Die Seite richtet sich bislang an Jugendliche und Pädagoginnen und Pädagogen, bietet Hintergrundinformationen und Tipps, aber auch von Jugendlichen selbst erstellte Fotostorys, Videos et cetera. Zudem gibt es eine Broschüre für pädagogisch Tätige mit vielen Informationen und Ratschlägen.
Nun wurde das Angebot erweitert und spricht jetzt auch die Eltern an – in der Broschüre Persönlichkeitsrechte, Datenschutz & Co. im Netz. Informationen für Eltern gibt es ausführliches Hintergrundwissen zum Verhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Internet, zu Persönlichkeitsrechten, Datenschutz, Cybermobbing und Sucht. Die Informationen sind kurz, bündig und gut verständlich aufbereitet und mit vielen Beispielen, Handlungsanregungen und Verweisen veranschaulicht. Hier können Eltern auch ohne Vorkenntnisse schnell Einblick in diese komplexen Fragestellungen gewinnen und ihre Kinder so besser verstehen und sie bei ihren Ausflügen ins Internet unterstützen. Die Broschüre kann auf www.webhelm.de heruntergeladen oder kostenlos bestellt werden.
Krüger, Heinz-Hermann/Deinert, Aline/Zschach, Maren (2012). Jugendliche und ihre Peers. Freundschaftsbeziehungen und Bildungsbiografien in einer Längsschnittperspektive. Opladen, Berlin & Toronto: Budrich. 292 S.,29,90 €.
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: December 2024

Die Rolle von Peergroups im schulischen und außerschulischen Leben Jugendlicher und der Einfluss dieser Freundschaftsbeziehungen und -konstellationen auf ihre schulische Bildungskarriere ist das zentrale Thema des vorliegenden Buchs. Die Autorinnen und der Autor arbeiten am DFG-Projekt „Peergroups und schulische Selektion“ an der Martin- Luther-Universität in Halle- Wittenberg und stellen in ihrem Buch die zentralen Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Längsschnittstudie vor. Die Studie wurde von Juni 2005 bis Oktober 2011 am Zentrum für Schul- und Bildungsforschung (ZSB) der Universität durchgeführt.Untersucht wurden die sich verändernden Peers von Kindern und Jugendlichen zwischen elf und 15 Jahren. Im Rahmen einer Längsschnittstudie, die in drei Phasen unterteilt und über sechs Jahre hinweg durchgeführt wurde, ließen sich qualitative Interviews, Gruppendiskussionen und ethnografische Feldstudien in den fünften, siebten und neunten Jahrgangsstufen an fünf Schulen in Sachsen- Anhalt und Nordrhein-Westfalen realisieren.
Die Autorinnen und der Autor stellen zunächst die theoretische Grundlage und die Forschungsbezüge und das davon ausgehend entwickelte Forschungsdesign ihrer Studie vor. Im Anschluss werden in vier Beiträgen zentrale Ergebnisse der Längsschnittanalyse dargelegt und zuletzt fünf weitere Beiträge vorgestellt, die hauptsächlich auf das Datenmaterial der dritten Untersuchungsphase aufbauen und durch qualitatives Material ergänzt wurden: So werden beispielsweise anhand der Lebensgeschichten zweier Mädchen mit Migrationshintergrund die Bedingungen und Faktoren für einen schulischen Erfolg aufgezeigt, oder, aus einer kulturvergleichenden Perspektive, die bildungsbezogene Orientierung deutscher Jugendlicher mit brasilianischen Heranwachsenden innerhalb ihres jeweiligen Schulsystems kontrastiert. Unter dem Blickwinkel der Untersuchung von Bildungsgleichheit wird außerdem die Rolle der Eltern in Betracht gezogen, während in den zwei letzten Beiträgen auf Themen wie sexuelle Orientierung junger Mädchen und die Bedeutung von Alkohol innerhalb von jugendlichen Peergroups eingegangen wird. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, Kindheits-, Jugend- und Schulforschung in einen Zusammenhang zu bringen und das Ganze in einen milieuspezifischen Kontext einzubinden.
Das Buch ist für Pädagoginnen und Pädagogen zu empfehlen und zeigt einen breit angelegten Forschungsansatz, der Bildungsbiografien von Kindern und Jugendlichen unter Einbeziehung mehrerer gewichtiger Einflüsse untersucht.
Graphic Novels (2015). kjl&m, 67 (3), 96 S., 11€
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: December 2024

Graphic Novels stellen ein beliebtes Format in der aktuellen Literaturszene dar: Sie erhalten jüngst nicht nur verstärkt mediale Aufmerksamkeit, sondern stehen auch vermehrt im Fokus der Wissenschaft. Im allgemeinen Verständnis werden darunter Comichefte zusammengefasst, die sich an ein erwachsenes Lesepublikum richten und einen scheinbar höheren thematischen sowie narrativen Anspruch als konventionelle Comics aufweisen. Was jedoch im Detail hinter der Begrifflichkeit Graphic Novel steckt, erläutert die Ausgabe Graphic Novels der Zeitschrift kjl&m, herausgegebenen von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Jugendliteratur und Medien (AJuM): Eine Vielzahl an interdisziplinären Fachartikeln setzt sich darin mit den literarischen und ästhetischen Merkmalen von Graphic Novels auseinander. Der Beitrag von Bernd Dolle-Weinkauff leitet mit einer definitorischen Abgrenzung und grundlegenden Terminologien in das Thema ein und arbeitet literarische und künstlerische Tendenzen der Graphic Novels mittels verschiedener Beispiele heraus. So nimmt er eine Verortung der Graphic Novel anhand einzelner Kriterien vor und befreit diese von ihrem Ruf einer inhaltslosen Begriffsneuschöpfung.
Andreas Seidler befasst sich mit literarischen Texten und deren Adaption als Graphic Novel. Am Beispiel der Adaptionen von Werken Franz Kafkas verdeutlicht er die ästhetischen Anreicherungen, indem er diese als visuelle Neuschöpfungen von rein verbalsprachlichen Texten hervorhebt. Wie zum Teil auch schwierige Themen von Heranwachsenden (Sexueller Missbrauch, Amok, Mobbing etc.) in grafischer Form umgesetzt werden, beschreibt Heidi Lexe am Beispiel der Comingof-Age Graphic Novel Vakuum von Lukas Jüliger. Die weiteren Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit grafischen Künstlerbiografien, Graphic Novels im Kontext der politischen Bildung und literarischem Lernen im Schulunterricht sowie der Darstellung von ökologischen Problemfeldern. Die Zeitschriftenausgabe Graphic Novels führt also in Begrifflichkeiten ein, verortet das Format und spezialisiert sich anschließend auf verschiedene Fachbereiche. Diese Aufbereitung erweist sich als sehr gelungenen Herangehensweise, ein sehr breites Publikum anzusprechen. Somit ist die Ausgabe sowohl für Interessierte ohne Fachkenntnisse als auch für Literaturund Medienwissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler geeignet. Zudem finden Literaturkritikerinnen und -kritiker sowie pädagogische Fachkräfte, die sich im Rahmen der Tätigkeit mit Graphic Novels auseinandersetzen, hilfreiche theoretische und auch methodische Zugänge.
#15 – Rassismus & Medien Teil 3
Authors: Struckmeyer Kati , Ouro-Gbele Sadia , Ihedioha Pia
Published: December 2024

Kati Struckmeyer spricht in dieser Folge mit zwei tollen jungen Frauen, die beide einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Empowerment von BPOC und im Antidiskriminierungs-Diskurs leisten. Sadia Ouro-Gbele (ab Min. 2:55) begann während des Studiums mit zwei Freundinen in YouTube-Videos ihre Gedanken rund ums Thema Rassismus zu teilen. Den so entstandenen ‚Reality Diversity Talk‘ setzen sie inzwischen auf Instagram fort. Aktuell schreibt Sadia ihre Abschlussarbeit über die Hatespeech-Erfahrungen Schwarzer Twitter-Nutzer*innen im Kontext der Black-Lives-Matter-Bewegung, worüber Kati ebenfalls mit ihr spricht. Pia Ihedioha, unser zweiter Interview-Gast (ab Min. 29:25), ist ebenfalls noch Studentin und schon Herausgeberin eines Magazins. Sie erzählt Kati, wie es dazu kam, dass sie ganz ohne journalistische oder publizistische Vorerfahrungen jetzt das ‚Magazin of Color‘ herausbringt.
Gold, A. (2023). Digital lesen – Was sonst? Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 181 S., 23,00 €
Authors: Stengl Katharina
Published: December 2024

Buch oder E-Book? Welchen Unterschied macht es, ob wir richtiges Papier in den Händen halten oder auf digitalen Endgeräten lesen? Es kommt ganz darauf an was, wie und warum wir lesen. Ein weiterer Einflussfaktor ist zudem das Alter der*des Lesenden, macht der Autor und Psychologieprofessor Andreas Gold in seinem Buch Digital lesen – Was sonst? deutlich. Die Publikation beantwortet die Frage nach notwendigen Kompetenzen im Umgang mit digitalen Texten und wie Pädagog*innen, Lehrpersonen und Eltern den Erwerb dieser Kompetenzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen unterstützen und fördern können. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei die insgesamt 20 Handlungsempfehlungen zum Umgang mit digitalen Texten im Vorschul-, Schul- und Erwachsenenalter, die jeweils am Ende der Kapitel 3 bis 6 zu finden sind. Diese Kapitel orientieren sich am Lebensalter und damit am Entwicklungsstand der Kinder. Kapitel 3 und 4 beschäftigen sich damit, inwieweit die literale Sozialisation von Kleinkindern bzw. Kindern im Kindergartenalter durch elektronische Kinderbücher anders geprägt wird, als durch das Vorlesen im Printformat. In Kapitel 5 wird die Schule als Ort des Erwerbs von Lesekompetenz bezeichnet und es werden Optimierungschancen für Lernprozesse durch digitale Angebote und Lernhilfen aufgezeigt. Die letzten beiden Kapitel stellen allgemeine Veränderungen des Lesens und des Lesepensums in der digitalisierten Welt dar. Außerdem werden seine Potenziale sowie Herausforderungen zusammengefasst. Es bestehe ein dringlicher Forschungsbedarf bezüglich der Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Lesepraxis im Allgemeinen und Folgen der Nutzung in Primarstufen der Schulen, so Gold. Die Publikation richtet sich an Eltern sowie Lehrpersonen, deren Ziel es ist, Heranwachsende zum Lesen zu motivieren und ihre Lesekompetenz zu fördern.
Gold, A. (2023). Digital lesen – Was sonst? Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 181 S., 23,00 €
Letz, Malte & Lippok, Juliane (2024). Globales Lernen im Museum. Ein Praxisleitfaden. Bielefeld: transcript. Edition Museum. 130 S., 29,00 €.
Authors: Müller Marcus
Published: December 2024

Eine zentrale Frage der Medienpädagogik dreht sich darum, welche Medien mit welchen Methoden in der Bildung eingesetzt werden sollten. Um eine weitere Dimension kann man die Bildungsarbeit erweitern, indem man sich fragt, aus welcher Perspektive die eingesetzten Medien bestimmte Inhalte übermitteln sollen. Malte Letz und Juliane Lippok setzen genau hier mit ihrem Praxisleitfaden Globales Lernen im Museum an und zeigen Wege auf, wie die entwicklungspolitische Bildung durch Kooperation mit dem von Kolonialgeschichte geprägten Lernort Museum zu einer neuen globalen Perspektive gelangen kann.
Ausgangspunkt ist für die Autor*innen der Ansatz des Globalen Lernens aus der entwicklungspolitischen Bildung. Mit diesem Ansatz sollen Verbindungen zwischen Globalem Norden und Globalem Süden in Museen sichtbar gemacht werden. Die so gewonnene Multiperspektivität soll einen nachhaltigen Umgang mit der Globalisierung, Digitalisierung, Klimawandel und wachsender Diversität vermitteln. Inhaltlicher Kern des Praxisleitfadens sind acht Perspektiven, die zu einer zielführenden Angebotsentwicklung im Rahmen einer solchen Bildungskooperation beitragen sollen. Die acht Perspektiven sind die Rahmenbedingungen, die Zielgruppe und das Bildungsformat, die Auswahl von Bezugsregionen des Globalen Südens, der Bezug zu den 17 UN-Nachhaltigkeitszielen (SDG), Bezüge zum Museum, die Fachkräfte, eine Auswahl von Kernkompetenzen, die vermittelt werden sollen und die Gesamtorganisation. Darauf aufbauend werden Überlegungen zur Methodik und Evaluation des Globalen Lernens im Museum angestellt und bewährte Ansätze vorgestellt.
Globale Perspektiven in konkrete individuelle Lernsituationen einzubringen, ist der Versuch, das Universelle mit dem Individuellen zu verbinden. Durch das Aufzeigen der Bezugspunkte zwischen der global ausgerichteten entwicklungspolitischen Bildung und den methodischen Möglichkeiten des lokalen Museums gelingt den Autor*innen genau das.
Letz, Malte & Lippok, Juliane (2024). Globales Lernen im Museum. Ein Praxisleitfaden. Bielefeld: transcript. Edition Museum. 130 S., 29,00 €.
#75 - Pädagogik | Technik | Utopie Folge 2: Katrin Hünemörder über Utopiearbeit in der Medienbildung
Authors: Merz Redaktion , Hünemörder Katrin
Published: December 2024

Warum ist die Medienbildung so geeignet für das Arbeiten mit Utopien? Wie schafft man in Projekten einen common ground, um gemeinsam an Utopien zu arbeiten? Und welche Bedeutung haben Utopien nicht nur für die Pädagogik, sondern für die gesamte Gesellschaft? Katrin Hünemörder, Geschäftsführerin von mediale pfade - Verein für Medienbildung e. V. berichtet aus der konkreten Projektarbeit mit Utopien.
Zu  mediale pfade - Verein für Medienbildung e. V.