bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eficacia de un programa psicoeducativo para cuidadores informales de adultos mayores con demencia
Authors: Espín Andrade Ana Margarita
Published: October 2019

Objetivos: diseñar y evaluar la eficacia de un programa psicoeducativo para cuidadores informales de adultos mayores con demencia. Métodos: se realizó un diseño de desarrollo tecnológico. Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 96 cuidadores de servicios gerontológicos de ciudad de La Habana, que constituyeron los casos, los restantes 96 cuidadores integraron el grupo control. Para el diseño del programa se identificaron las necesidades de aprendizaje de los cuidadores. El programa constó de 12 sesiones, llevadas a cabo por un equipo multidisciplinario. Se aplicaron técnicas afectivo-participativas y estudio de casos. Para la evaluación de la eficacia del programa se siguió el modelo de evaluación de programas de Donabedian. Resultados: la diferencia entre el grupo de estudio y control antes de la intervención no era significativa con relación a los conocimientos acerca de la enfermedad, las habilidades para el cuidado de los ancianos, la calidad del cuidado ofrecido, el consumo de medicamentos por el cuidador, la presencia de trastornos conductuales en el enfermo y la carga del cuidador, mientras que después de la intervención, se observó un cambio favorable altamente significativo de todas estas variables. Hubo un aumento de los casos sin depresión después de la intervención aunque no se evidenció una diferencia significativa entre el grupo estudio y control. El 82,3% de los cuidadores reportaron una elevada satisfacción con el programa. Conclusiones: el programa fue eficaz debido a que aumentaron los conocimientos y habilidades para el cuidado, disminuyó la carga así como la cantidad de medicamentos consumidos por el cuidador, mejoró la conducta del enfermo y la calidad del cuidado ofrecido.
Sangrado mayor en paciente adulto. Testigo de Jehová
Authors: Rivera Tocancipá Daniel , Rivera Ortíz Carlos Andrés
Published: October 2019

El sangrado mayor (SM) se define como la pérdida de la volemia en un período de tiempo inferior a 24 horas o la pérdida del 50% de la volemia en un lapso de tiempo inferior a 3 horas en un individuo previamente sano. Teniendo en cuenta la firme posición a rechazar cualquier transfusión de sangre o sus componentes por parte de los Testigos de Jehová, el manejo del sangrado mayor en ellos es un reto ya sea en los servicios de urgencias o de cirugía, con serias repercusiones éticas y legales. El anticiparse al sangrado mayor en Testigos de Jehová permite instaurar acciones preventivas al choque hipovolémico. Para el tratamiento de pacientes Testigos de Jehová con sangrado mayor, se proponen metas terapéuticas que incluyen la realización de intervenciones hemostáticas o farmacológicas durante el tratamiento quirúrgico y en el posoperatorio, plantear metas hemodinámicas y de ventilación mecánica apropiadas. Se hace una revisión narrativa de la literatura de los últimos 10 años y se exponen las acciones preventivas, las metas terapéuticas y las diferentes intervenciones de las que se dispone actualmente para enfrentar el SM.
Fibrinólisis en un paciente con trombosis de prótesis valvular
Authors: Salcedo Carol , Lozano Abner , Salcedo Jaime A.
Published: October 2019

La cardiopatía reumática y la fiebre reumática son las principales enfermedades que afectan las válvulas cardiacas y que progresan en reemplazo de estas, existen muchas variantes en el diseño de las prótesis valvulares y la durabilidad de estas. Sin embargo, la obstrucción de la válvula protésica sigue siendo una complicación con un riesgo alto de mortalidad; por lo cual se plantean diferentes estrategias terapéuticas y quirúrgicas que a pesar de la evidencia siguen siendo un tema controversial para el abordaje de un paciente como lo es la terapia de trombólisis versus cirugía. A continuación se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 15 años al que se le realiza el diagnostico de doble trombosis valvular quien posteriormente se lleva a fibrinólisis recibiendo estreptoquinasa sin complicación y manejándose posteriormente con terapia de anticoagulación ambulatoria.
Manajemen Praktek Kerja Lapangan Menggunakan Metode RAD dan Pengujian SUS pada Instansi SMK dan CV
Authors: Sumitro Arif Hadi , Taufiq M
Published: October 2019

Abstrak — Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) diberikan untuk siswa sekolah menengah kejuruan yang sudah memasuki kelas 2 atau kelas XI SMK. Tujuan PKL adalah untuk memberikan kemampuan dan pengalaman bagi siswa untuk mengimplementasikan ilmu yang sudah dimiliki didunia kerja. Sebelum mengikuti PKL sekolah sudah membekali siswa dengan kemampuan dasar dalam kegiatan kerjanya. Dengan demikian siswa yang mengikuti praktek kerja Lapangan akan mudah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan kerja tempat dia ditempatkan. Namun pada kenyataannya harapan tersebut tidak dapat terpenuhi. Banyak kasus penyaluran siswa prakerin yang tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan baik oleh sekolah maupun oleh siswa. Selain itu pemantauan serta pendaftaran manual yang dilakukan oleh guru pembimbing terlihat cukup sulit, mengingat tempat pelaksanaan dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memonitoring masing - masing siswa yang mengikuti prakerin jaraknya cukup jauh dan membutuhkan biaya akomodasi yang cukup tinggi. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, sistem yang dibuat dengan menggunakan metode RAD (Rapid Development Application) mampu mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Dengan melihat hasil uji coba menggunakan pengukuran SUS (System Usability Scale), Sehingga tujuan dan harapan dari pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut dapat tercapai serta peningkatan kualitas pelaksanaan kegiatan siswa prakerin sesuai dengan keilmuan yang sudah didapatkan.
Aplikasi Analisis Network Forensic untuk Analisis Serangan pada Syslog Server
Authors: Ardiyasa I Wayan
Published: October 2019

Perkembangan internet saat ini tidak lepas dari perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih sehingga menjadikan akses informasi semakin mudah dan cepat. Informasi yang diakses oleh pengguna disediakan oleh layanan komputer server yang bisa memberikan layanan secara full time. Aktivitas pengguna yang mengkases informasi pada suatu server akan dicatat kedalam sebuah file atau disebut dengan Syslog. Syslog adalah perangkat lunak untuk menghasilkan berkas log yang disebabkan adanya aktivitas dari Inetd dan aktivitas lain. Tujuan dicatatnya aktivitas dari pengguna yang mengakses sistem informasi yang tersimpan pada komputer server adalah untuk mengetahui apabila ada aktivitas yang tidak sesuai atau kejahatan cyber seperti DDoS, SQL Injection, Serangan LFI, RFI. Network Forensic Process merupakan suatu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan investigasi dan analisa aktivitas cyber crime. Dimana bukti ditangkap dari jaringan dan diinterpretasikan berdasarkan pengamatan. Didalam melakukan investigasi terhadap Syslog file dilakukan secara manual sehingga memerlukan waktu yang sangat lama dan tidak efisien. Untuk membantu didalam melakukan analisa dan investigasi terhadap Syslog file dari kejahatan cyber, diperlukan aplikasi yang bisa membantu dalam hal investigasi Syslog file untuk mempercepat proses investigasi dan memberikan informasi yang diperlukan dan akurat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi analisa serangan pada file Syslog dengan metode Network Forensic Proses. Untuk pengujian pada aplikasi menggunakan metode Blackbox testing.
Bina Ve Toplu Yapı Yönetiminde Kullanılan Bilişim Sistemlerinin Benimsenmesinde Etkili Olan Yenilik Özellikleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma: Apsiyon Yazılım Programı Örneği
Authors: YURTAL Feyza Yıldız , AKBIYIK Adem
Published: October 2019

İnşaat sektöründe yaşanan gelişmeler, daire sayılarında
görülen artış ve konut projelerinin barınma ihtiyacı dışında sosyal tesisli
yapıların oluşmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu yeni yapılanmalarla
yapılarda yaşayan kat maliki/site sakini sayısıyla birlikte, sosyal tesislere
ait donanımlar da artış göstermiştir. Binleri bulan kat maliki/site sakini
sayısı ve bunlara ait kişisel bilgiler, sosyal donatılara ait teknik bakım ve
onarıma ilişkin bilgiler, yapı için çalışan personellere ilişkin artan bilgiler
vb. saklanması ve yönetilmesi gereken veri yığınları, yapı yöneticileri için
karar verme aşamalarında büyük belirsizlikler ve sorumluluklar oluşturmaktadır.
Yöneticilerin, yapının proje değerini koruyabilmesi, site sakinlerinin
memnuniyetini sağlaması ve karşılarına çıkan devasa bütçeleri yönetme kararları
verebilmeleri için bu alanda da bilişim sistemlerinin kullanım ihtiyacını
doğurmuştur.

Bu çalışmada, bina ve toplu yapı yönetimi alanında
kullanılan Apsiyon mobil uygulamanın, kullanıcılar tarafından benimsenmesini
etkileyen yenilik özelliklerinin tespit dilmesi ve tespit edilen özellikler
açısından yeniliği benimseme grupları arasında farklılık olup olmadığı
araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın temelini ise Rogers’ın yeniliklerin yayılması
teorisi oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket
yöntemi uygulanmış olup Apsiyon sisteminde kaydı tutulan kullanıcı maillerine
anket çalışmaları gönderilerek veriler toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler, çoklu
regresyon analizi ve anova analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Scinapse 2018-2019 Undergraduate Science Case Competition: Cannabis, Harm or Health?
Authors: Cyr Dominic , Ghossein Jamie , Rajgara Rashida
Published: October 2019

The Scinapse Undergraduate Science Case Competition (USCC) provides an opportunity for undergraduate students to experience the development of a novel research proposal. A case is presented to all participants and, using in-depth literature search (publications, reports, studies and published writings), students connect and pinpoint key elements allowing them to develop a hypothesis in support of the case in question. Participants also develop a methodology which will test the validity of their hypothesis. This year’s case topic was inspired by the recent legalization of cannabis in Canada. This controversial topic provided an opportunity for participants to explore research proposals focused on either the health aspect of cannabis or the potential harm posed by its use. In teams of 2-4, undergraduate students tackled the case and provided novel research ideas, which may hold the key to many unanswered questions regarding the positive and negative aspects of cannabis use. In total, the 2018-2019 USCC attracted 861 undergraduate students from 14 universities across Canada and the United States. The top 25% of written submissions from each participating campus are highlighted in this abstract booklet.
Recyclability of technology metals from e-waste: case study of In and Ga recovery from magnetic fraction
Authors: Ranitović Milisav , Djokić Jovana , Korać Marija , Gajić Nataša , Dimitrijević Stevan
Published: October 2019

This study presents the results of the theoretical assessment and a preliminary experimental investigation of technology metals (TM) recovery from magnetic fraction obtained after mechanical treatment of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Experimental work included physical and chemical characterization, thermodynamic analysis, and pyrometallurgical tests corresponding to secondary lead, copper, and steel metallurgy. Technology metals recyclability and recovery potential were evaluated with respect to their distribution between metal and slag phase (difficult for recovering) versus the dust phase (easy for recovering). According to obtained results, it was determined that high-temperature processing of magnetic fraction in the electric arc furnace promotes volatilization of the TM and their pre-concentration in the filter as a dust product from which they could be valorized using further hydrometallurgical methods.
Roust Power System Stabilizer Design Using Kharitonov’s Theorem: A Case Study
Authors: Soliman Hisham , Albadi Mohammed , Al-Sheriyani Hamood , Al-Azakawi Hadhifa , Al- Qutaiti Ali
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes a robust power system stabilizer(PSS) for a steam synchronous generator in Barka II power station. The PSS should be capable of damping small-disturbance oscillations (inherently existing in power systems due to e.g. load changes, lines switching...etc.) within a certain settling time for different load conditions. Also, the proposed PSS must have the conventional structure and its parameters must not be violated. To achieve this goal, robust control provides many advantages. The suggested controller is tuned by the  Kharitonov’s theorem and uses the standard structure employed in industry. The problem is cast into a nonlinear constrained optimization problem to achieve the desired settling time without violating the practical values of the controller parameters. Performance of the robust PSS is evaluated by several simulations in the presence of system uncertainty due to load changes.
Akut distal biseps tendon rüptüründe modifiye çift insizyonla tamir tekniğinin erken sonuçları.
Authors: SEVER Gökhan Bülent
Published: October 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı distal biseps tendonu total rüptürü olgularında modifiye çift insizyonla tamir tekniğinin klinik ve radyolojik sonuçlarını ve komplikasyon oranlarını paylaşmaktır. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: 2014- 2017 tarihleri arasında akut distal biseps braki tendon rüptürü olan 8 olguda modifiye çift insizyon tekniği ile tamir yapıldı. Klasik teknikten farklı olarak sütürler tuberositas radii'den dorsale menisküs dikiş aparatı yardımı ile gönderildi. Tendon, tuberositas radii'de hazırlanan alana transosseoz sütürler ile tespit edildi. Ortalama 36.3 (13-60) ay takip sonrasında hastalar son kontrolde Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) , nörolojik muayene ve röntgen incelemesi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Sağlam tarafla karşılaştırıldığında aktif eklem hareket açıklığının aynı olduğu görüldü: Fleksiyon 132.8º (120-150º), ekstansiyon 0.2º (0-5º), supinasyon 83.2º (75-90º), pronasyon 85º (75-90º). Ortalama MEPS skoru 93.3 (86-100) saptandı. Hiç bir olguda nörolojik komplikasyon, tendon re-rüptürü, radioulnar sinostoz (RUS) veya heterotropik ossifikasyon (HO) görülmedi. Sonuç: Akut distal biseps braki tendon total rüptürlerinde modifiye çift insizyon tekniği ile tamir dirsek eklem hareket açıklığının tekrar kazanılmasında başarılıdır ve iyi klinik sonuçlara sahiptir.
Evaluation of the novel electrocardiographic parameters in patients with acute cholecystitis
Authors: ONCEL Can Ramazan , CALİS Hasan
Published: October 2019

Aim: Acute cholecystitis (AC) can display electrocardiographic changes mim-icking cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate electrocardio-graphic changes with novel parameters in patients with AC. Methods: This study included 34 patients with AC and 30 controls. Control group was consisted of age and gender matched individuals without any cardiovascular and systemic disease. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. The electro-cardiographic measurements were done in order to calculate QT interval , corrected QT (QTc) interval, peak and the end of the T wave (Tp-e), Tp-e/QT ratio and p wave durations.Results: In our study there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of demographic data and clinical features. QT interval , corrected QT (QTc) interval, peak and the end of the T wave (Tp-e), and p wave durations were similiar in the two groups. No statistically significant difference was found between two groups in terms of p wave dispersion and Tp-e/QT ratio. ( 38.0±3.9 vs 37.9±4.4, p:0.93; 0.21±0.07 vs 0.20±0.09, p:0.26 respectively)Conclusion: Patients with acute cholecystitis have similiar electrophysiological prop-erties of myocardium and atrium on electrocardiography as compared with healthy controls.
Sayat Nova: tra le pause di quiete e le crisi di una creazione
Authors: Bellingeri Giampiero
Published: October 2019

Sayat Nova (1712?-1795?), the ‘singer’ par excellence of the Transcaucasian peoples and ashuq (lover), follows the hard path of Love of the ashuq/lovers towards the Beloved (or towards the Lord, God, in a sufi, mystical approach). Being based in Tbilisi/Tiflis, siege of the court of the Georgian rulers, he composes in three languages (Armenian, Azerbaijani, Georgian). However, in his trilingual collections (defter) of songs, we can hear and feel only one discourse, or mantıq, that is a logic used and applied by the ashuq/gusan. The evidence of a continuity, in a unique environment/muhit, between Sayat Nova, the medieval Armenian tradition, the Muslim sufi poets and the Christian Masters is clear enough. Sayat Nova organises and recomposes a common way of expression between traditions that are not very different from each other.
Ecological alternatives for disease management of fruit rot pathogens
Authors: Everett K.R. , Vanneste J.L. , Hallett I.C. , Walter M.
Published: October 2019

Biological control of plant pathogens utilises one microorganism to eliminate or reduce the disease caused by another Inundative biological control utilises naturallyoccurring microbial antagonists (biological control agents) that are isolated and reapplied in large numbers to suppress disease This strategy has been studied for over 40 years and a number of commercial products for fruit rot control have been developed Recent advances in techniques for monitoring microbial population dynamics such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) microarrays fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have made it easier to study an alternative strategy restorative biological control This aims to stimulate resident populations of biological control agents (BCAs) using benign interventions that do not harm microorganisms The use of these techniques is reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages are compared The relevance of these techniques to the development of restorative biological control and future research to lead to improved disease management of fruit rots are discussed
Sulphur as an alternative to copper for the control of bacterial blast on nectarine fruit
Authors: McLaren G.E. , Vanneste J.L. , Marshall R.R.
Published: October 2019

Bacterial blast caused by Pseudomonas syringae is a serious disease of stone fruit crops affecting both tree health and fruit appearance Fruitgrowers protect trees by applying copper from leaf fall to early summer using copper in various formulations rates and times There is pressure to reduce copper usage because of the potential for its accumulation in soil Trials conducted over three years showed that copper applied as copper hydroxide was not effective in reducing bacterial blast symptoms on fruit even when applied up to eight times in a season In contrast trees that were treated with sulphur produced fruit with significantly less bacterial damage The benefit of sulphur on nectarine cv Fantasia was demonstrated over three years on one site Sulphur shows potential as a replacement for copper in the nectarine spray programme but its effect on other stone fruit crops should be confirmed The mode of action of sulphur is unclear
Distribution and new host records for Cosmospora aurantiicola and Cosmospora flammea entomopathogens of Diaspididae in New Zealand
Authors: Tyson J.L. , Henderson R.C. , Fullerton R.A. , Jamieson L.E.
Published: October 2019

Adventive armoured scale insects (Diaspididae) are of particular concern in New Zealand horticulture due to their polyphagous nature the damage they can cause and their implications in biosecurity Two important species of fungal entomopathogens recorded on armoured scale insects in New Zealand are Cosmospora aurantiicola (Fusarium larvarum) and C flammea (F coccophilum) Both have previously been recorded in New Zealand from unidentified Coccoidea; C aurantiicola has also been recorded on Hemiberlesia lataniae and H rapax During 20022003 five forays were carried out to provide further information on the host range of the species and to collect strains of the entomopathogens that may have potential as biocontrol agents for armoured scale insects Aspidiotus nerii Hemiberlesia sp Leucaspis brittini Leucaspis spp Pinnaspis dysoxyli and Eriococcus cavelli (Eriococcidae) were recorded as new host species for C flammea Hemiberlesia lataniae is reconfirmed as a host for both species
The effect of parasitism by Aphidius ervi on development and reproduction of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: He X.Z. , Wang Q. , Teulon D.A.J.
Published: October 2019

The effect of parasitism by Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) on development survival and reproduction of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera Aphididae) of different ages was studied in the laboratory Aphids parasitised when 1 and 2 days old (1st and 2nd instar) died at the 4th instar However those parasitised when 3 to 6 days old (3rd and 4th instar) could reach the adult stage following parasitism and those that were parasitised after 4 days old (late 3rd instar) were still able to produce progeny In comparison with the unparasitised aphids the parasitised aphids had a significantly shorter reproductive period and produced significantly fewer progeny and thus had significantly lower intrinsic rates of increase net reproductive rates shorter generation time and longer doubling time The potential impact of the parasitoid on host population growth is discussed
Between and within field variability of New Zealand indigenous flower visitors to onions
Authors: Howlett B.G. , Donovan B.J. , McCallum J.A. , Newstrom L.E. , Teulon D.A.J.
Published: October 2019

In New Zealand few studies have documented the occurrence of indigenous flower visitors within crops A fiveyear survey is examining the distribution diversity and abundance of flower visitors in onion (Allium cepa) fields located throughout New Zealand Daytime observations from the first year of the survey recorded nine arthropod orders visiting onion flowers in the South Island with Diptera (flies) and Hymenoptera being the most abundant Over six fields the proportion of bees that were indigenous species (Apoidea) ranged from lt;1 to 636 Common bee genera and fly families varied considerably in their presence and abundance even over 17 km Moreover counts of Lasioglossum spp at five points within one field ranged from 0 to 576 demonstrating that the distribution of some flower visitors can be highly variable Understanding crop flower visitors may help develop systems to reduce transgene flow should genetically modified crops be commercially produced in New Zealand
Impact of pheromone trap design placement and pheromone blend on catch of potato tuber moth
Authors: Herman T.J.B. , Clearwater J.R. , Triggs C.M.
Published: October 2019

Potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)) (PTM) is an important pest of potatoes in New Zealand Pheromone traps are used to monitor potato tuber moth populations in the field to help time insecticide applications Two experiments assessed the effect of pheromone blend trap design and trap height on the capture of potato tuber moths Water traps caught the most moths per day but took longer to service DeSIRe sticky traps (deltashaped) caught more moths than Atrap sticky traps (cylindershaped) and funnel traps The 11 and 115 pheromone blends caught more moths than the 14 blend Trap height had no significant effect on moth catch It is concluded that the DeSIRe sticky trap is the most suitable for commercial use The 115 pheromone blend is recommended for commercial use as it is increasingly being used in New Zealand and overseas
Establishment of Serratia entomophila in soil from a granular formulation
Authors: O'Callaghan M. , Gerard F.M.
Published: October 2019

A granular formulation of Serratia entomophila has been developed to improve shelflife and storage characteristics of this bacterium which is used as a microbial control agent of the New Zealand grass grub Bacterial establishment and survival of bacteria released from the granular and liquid formulations were assessed in a laboratory experiment Bacteria were enumerated by dilution plating onto Serratia selective agar Serratia entomophila populations in soil inoculated with granules remained stable in soil for up to five months at a range of soil moisture levels Bacterial numbers declined more rapidly when soil was inoculated with the liquid formulation High numbers of bacteria remained viable in the granules throughout the experiment demonstrating the potential for sustained release of inoculum after application of the biopesticide granules
Measuring parasitoid carbohydrate levels to improve biological control
Authors: Vattala H.D. , Wratten S.D. , Phillips C.B. , Wackers E.L. , Worner S.P
Published: October 2019

Lifetime carbohydrate levels were compared in the laboratory between unfed and honeyfed Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera Braconidae) a parasitoid of the Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera Curculionidae) High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse sugars in individual parasitoids and showed that fed and unfed parasitoids can be distinguished by measuring the total sugar levels Furthermore the fructose/total sugar ratio (f/T) of honeyfed M hyperodae was always higher than that of the unfed individuals This method should prove very useful for determining the nutritional status of fieldcollected parasitoids and for evaluating the benefits gained by parasitoids through the provision of floral resources in the field
Control strategies for Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia)
Authors: Webb H.J. , Harrington K.C.
Published: October 2019

Madeira vine is an environmental weed with both aerial and subterranean tubers and is listed as a Surveillance Plant Pest by ManawatuWanganui Regional Council A field trial showed mature vines and their attached tubers were best controlled using metsulfuronmethyl although reasonable control was also provided by a triclopyr/picloram mixture and by glyphosate The control of regrowth from buried tubers was investigated in a glasshouse trial Herbicides that gave good control of 3monthold plants included the above herbicides and also tribenuronmethyl fluroxypyr and amitrole For eradication purposes treatments were assessed for destroying aerial tubers collected from isolated plants Tubers were killed by freezing by heating to temperatures of 80C or above for 24 h or by boiling for a few minutes but any pulverisation techniques needed to be thorough Tubers immersed momentarily in high concentrations of picloram triclopyr or fluroxypyr did not regrow after burial
Mesotrione a new herbicide for weed control in maize
Authors: James T.K. , Rahman A. , Hicking J.
Published: October 2019

Six field trials were conducted over three growing seasons to evaluate both preand postemergence applications of the recently developed herbicide mesotrione for weed control in maize As a preemergence treatment it provided excellent control of broadleaf weeds (>99 reduction in dry matter) but was poor on grass weeds (ca 80 reduction) However its combination with atrazine smetolachlor or acetochlor provided gt;93 reduction in grass and broadleaf weed dry matter Applications of mesotrione postemergence were very effective on broadleaf weeds (>94) but less so on grass weeds (ca 85) although several adjuvant combinations improved the efficacy against annual grass weeds A number of herbicide combinations were demonstrated to be effective for postemergence weed control Mesotrione did not cause any apparent damage to maize crops in any trial and grain yields were not significantly different from the standard treatments Recommended rates for postemergence use of mesotrione will be 7296 g/ha depending on soil type
The use of suction traps for detection of unwanted invasive insects and other invertebrates
Authors: Teulon D.A.J. , Scott I.A.W.
Published: October 2019

This paper reviews the potential for using suction traps especially existing networks to detect unwanted exotic insects and invertebrates invading new locations Suction traps are thought to sample small fragile slow and weak flying insects better than other methods Suction traps over 6 m high have been shown to catch invertebrates from at least 13 different insect orders and 87 different insect families as well as Acari (mites) and Araneae (spiders) Suction traps have provided the first location records for a number of aphid species and new records of invasive species Several issues require attention if suction traps are to become established tools for detection of unwanted invasive organisms These include minimising the cost of traps developing rapid identification methods establishing the optimum location of the traps and investigating the ability of suction traps to catch species in time for remedial action
Rationale for release of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides for biocontrol of clover root weevil
Authors: Gerard P.J. , McNeill M.R. , Barratt B.I.P. , Whiteman S.A.
Published: October 2019

A European biotype of Microctonus aethiopoides was identified as the best candidate biocontrol agent for Sitona lepidus a serious New Zealand pasture pest A Moroccan biotype was already present throughout the country and hence there was no requirement to obtain Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act approval to release new biotypes However as research had shown mating between the two biotypes produced hybrids with poor efficacy against target hosts and that the Moroccan biotype attacked several native weevil genera serious reservations were held about introducing the European biotype Concerns were overcome with the identification of a parthenogenetic strain of European M aethiopoides from Ireland which has little risk of hybridisation and a narrower host range than the Moroccan biotype Following regulation of M aethiopoides as a risk species this strain was considered to be a new organism Approval was sought and gained under the HSNO Act to release the strain
Collections of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) from Ireland
Authors: McNeill M.R. , Proffitt J.R. , Gerard P.J. , Goldson S.L.
Published: October 2019

The biological control programme against Sitona lepidus (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera Braconidae) commenced in 1998 with the first parasitised weevils imported into New Zealand quarantine in 2000 Extensive collections in Europe confirmed that the solitary endoparasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) was the principal natural enemy of adult S lepidus With one exception all M aethiopoides reared from S lepidus collected in Europe have been arrhenotokous All M aethiopoides collected from Ireland are thelytokous which obviates the risk of hybridisation with an arrhenotokous Moroccan strain already established in New Zealand Levels of parasitism in S lepidus fieldcollected from Ireland were low (lt;8) and overall averaged 07 Rates of parasitism of S lepidus in New Zealand quarantine have averaged 25 but ranged from 0 to 95 Aspects relating to the rearing and management of Irish M aethiopoides are discussed including possible reasons for low rates of parasitism in quarantine
Methods to distinguish between the Microctonus aethiopoides strains that parasitise Sitona lepidus and Sitona discoideus
Authors: Phillips C.B. , Iline I.I. , Vink C.J. , Winder L.M. , McNeill M.R.
Published: October 2019

Two strains of Microctonus aethiopoides with differing host preferences have been released in New Zealand The first was released in 1982 to suppress Sitona discoideus a pest of lucerne and the second was released in 2006 for biological control of Sitona lepidus This paper describes three genetic approaches (esterase isozymes aldehyde oxidase allozymes and nucleotide sequences in a 676 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one gene) for distinguishing between the M aethiopoides strains A range of research applications for these methods is discussed
Suppression of emergence and growth of gorse (Ulex europaeus) seedlings by Fusarium tumidum
Authors: Yamoah E. , Jones E.E. , Suckling D.M. , Bourd?t G.W. , Stewart A.
Published: October 2019

The effect of Fusarium tumidum a potential mycoherbicide on gorse seedling emergence and growth was examined in three experiments In Experiment 1 F tumiduminoculated wheat grains (one two or three) were placed close to pregerminated gorse seeds at sowing Shoot and root dry weights of inoculated seedlings were lower than the control treatment at all three inoculum densities but there was no significant difference in percentage emergence In Experiments 2 and 3 two inoculated wheat grains were placed in contact with the seedlings at sowing Less than 50 of inoculated seedlings emerged compared with 97 in the control treatments from both experiments Soon after emergence about onethird of the inoculated seedlings that had emerged died from dampingoff disease caused by F tumidum Shoot and root dry weights of inoculated seedlings were significantly lower than the control treatment The results suggest that F tumidum can suppress gorse seedling emergence and growth
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum shows potential for controlling water lettuce alligator weed and wandering Jew
Authors: Waipara N.W. , Bourd?t G.W. , Hurrell G.A.
Published: October 2019

The responses of six aquatic environmental weeds (water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) ferny azolla (Azolla pinnata) parrots feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) and bladderwort (Utricularia giba) and a terrestrial weed (wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis)) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were evaluated The fungus was applied as a myceliumonbarley formulation to individual containergrown plants Visual scores of lesion development revealed that a watery softrot disease caused by the pathogen developed in the treated water lettuce alligator weed and wandering Jew plants In water lettuce the pathogen resulted in 100 mortality of treated plants 54 days after application Shoot necrosis was 4 (control) and 24 (treated) for wandering Jew and 9 (control) and 17 (treated) for alligator weed at 35 and 52 days after inoculation respectively These results indicate that S sclerotiorum has potential as a mycoherbicide for controlling water lettuce and possibly also alligator weed and wandering Jew
Improving techniques for the Waxtagreg; possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) monitoring index
Authors: Ogilvie S.C. , Paterson A.M. , Ross J.G. , Thomas M.D.
Published: October 2019

To manage brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) accurate estimates of abundance are essential Direct counts are not feasible for large populations and index techniques are normally employed A new index technique for estimating possum abundance is the WaxTagreg; They are potentially more effective than traps because they are small easier to use very lightweight and therefore higher numbers can be set out in the field Whilst a national monitoring protocol for WaxTagreg;s has been developed it is important to determine whether improvements can be made This study investigated firstly whether luminescentcoloured WaxTagreg;s were more attractive than the WaxTagreg; with a flour blaze and secondly whether raising the WaxTagreg;s 700 mm above the ground reduced detectability Possums significantly preferred the flour blaze over luminescence and raising WaxTagreg;s did not significantly reduce detectability Accordingly WaxTagreg;s could be raised up above grounddwelling nontarget species without reducing statistical precision
The incidence of New Zealand flower thrips in stonefruit orchards between flowering and harvest
Authors: McLaren G.F. , Alspach P.A.
Published: October 2019

New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus (Crawford) (NZFT) feeds on the nectar and pollen of stonefruit flowers and was thought to then disappear from orchards for 23 months until the fruit ripen Aerial populations of NZFT were sampled in Central Otago orchards using white sticky traps Samples were taken in a peach orchard for 6 months from flowering until after harvest and in two cherry orchards for six weeks during harvest In all three orchards populations of NZFT reached high numbers in December In the peach block NZFT numbers peaked in December several weeks before the fruit began to ripen It was concluded that NZFT can live in stonefruit orchards probably feeding on newly emerged leaves of peaches or cherries or in the vegetation of the irrigated orchard floor Trapped thrips could also have come from other blocks within the larger orchard areas or from outside sources
Host age preference in Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae)
Authors: He X.Z. , Wang Q.
Published: October 2019

Host age preference by Aphidius ervi Haliday on pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) and the effects of host age on A ervi reproductive fitness and sex allocation were studied in the laboratory Aphidius ervi preferred aphids that were 35 days old over the younger (1 and 2 days old) and older (6 and 7 days old) aphids for oviposition The body size and egg load at emergence of A ervi progenies significantly increased with the increase of host age at the time of parasitisation from 1 to 4 days old after which no further increase occurred The results support the sizedependent sex ratio theory that A ervi deposits fertilised eggs in large hosts and unfertilised eggs in small ones The potential impact of the host age preference on biological control is discussed
Effect of mineral oil and diazinon residues on the predator European earwig Forficula auricularia in kiwifruit
Authors: Maher B.J. , Logan D.P. , Connolly P.G.
Published: October 2019

The European earwig Forficula auricularia is probably a key predator of armoured scale insects in kiwifruit in New Zealand but its effectiveness may be compromised by the use of insecticides on kiwifruit vines European earwigs are nocturnal and avoid direct contact with insecticides during application but would be exposed to residues on leaves and bark Earwigs were monitored after exposure to residues of mineral oil combined with Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) or diazinon following commercial or experimental spray applications for scale control Oil plus Bt residues caused no mortality of earwigs No earwigs survived exposure to diazinon residues for 2 nights after the commercial application while half survived for 7 nights Some mortality was recorded after exposure to diazinon residues up to 17 nights after the experimental application As there is a single generation of earwigs each year diazinon residues are likely to cause significant disruption to scale predation in conventional kiwifruit orchards
The effects of pesticides on Carabidae (Insecta Coleoptera) predators of slugs (Mollusca Gastropoda) literature review
Authors: Van_Toor R.F.
Published: October 2019

Predation of slugs by Carabidae may contribute significantly to slug control in an integrated approach in pasture and arable crops Carabidae are susceptible to many insecticides used in field crops and to the molluscicide methiocarb but populations tend to recover within 1 month through migration from adjacent areas However in the longterm repeated insecticide and molluscicide treatments may affect carabid numbers and diversity in agricultural habitats The effect of pesticides on carabid populations can be reduced in soils rich in organic matter and recovery enhanced by establishment of beetle refugia in conservation headlands and winter cover crops and by avoiding deep and frequent soil cultivation
Fungicide timing for the control of septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Authors: Marroni M.V. , Viljanen-Rollinson S.L.H. , Butler R.C. , Deng Y.
Published: October 2019

A field trial during the 200506 growing season used different fungicides and timing of fungicide applications to manipulate the development of Septoria tritici blotch on artificiallyinoculated wheat (cv Consort) Disease severity was assessed once or twice a week and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) calculated The fungicide azoxystrobin applied at the prestem extension stage of crop growth had the lowest AUDPC and provided the best level of protection against the disease on the top three leaves Good control of the disease was also obtained from prestem extension and stemextension (growth stage GS32) applications of a mixture of azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole Epoxiconazole applied at the prestem extension stage and azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole mixture applied at growth stages 37 and 39 did not provide adequate control of the disease This work is part of a project aiming to provide information for development of disease models and forecast systems to assist growers with disease control decisions
Phenology of the New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) in two vineyards
Authors: Schmidt K. , Teulon D.A.J. , Jaspers M.V.
Published: October 2019

Adult thrips especially New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) were monitored with white water traps at Canterbury House Vineyard near Waipara in North Canterbury and Neudorf Vineyard near Motueka from spring to autumn in the 2003/04 and 2004/05 seasons Traps were placed within the grapevine rows 140 cm above ground The largest populations of airborne thrips of which around 90 were T obscuratus occurred during the five weeks coinciding with grapevine flowering In 2003/04 additional traps were placed at 80 and 15 cm above ground but only at Canterbury House Vineyard and T obscuratus were more abundant in the highest traps than in the lower ones Sampling of flower bunches revealed that T obscuratus were more abundant in the later flowering Sauvignon blanc than Riesling grapevines Overall more thrips were trapped in Neudorf than Canterbury House vineyard which may be attributed to the greater diversity of flowering sources outside the vineyards
Penetration of Trichoderma harzianum into grapevine wood from treated pruning wounds
Authors: Harvey I.C. , Hunt J.S.
Published: October 2019

Vinevaxtrade; (containing a mixture of strains of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum) is normally applied as soon as possible after grapevine pruning However using a range of six timings after pruning from immediate to 4 days later it was shown that the best penetration of the fungi into the wood was with treatment at approximately 5 h after pruning A novel method of measuring penetration and vigour of the growth of Trichoderma spp into grape wood is described A second trial using a range of concentrations of Vinevaxtrade; (at and below label rates) was applied as a general cover spray over dormant pruned vines The percentage incidence and vigour of penetration of the T harzianum into canes was concentration dependent and lower than the targeted handapplied treatment earlier in the season Therefore targeted timely applications of the product appear to be best for good wood penetration of T harzianum
Effects of host plant characteristics on spray deposition
Authors: Gous S.F. , Richardson B.
Published: October 2019

Previous studies have shown that the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk) on painted apple moth (PAM; Teia anartoides Walker) efficacy varies significantly depending on the host plant species This study tested the hypothesis that host plant architecture influenced deposition of aerially applied Btk and its consequent efficacy against PAM Laboratory experiments demonstrated that the architecture of six host plants had a significant influence on Btk dose per unit leaf area and dose per unit leaf weight However the large host plant effect on PAM mortality from Btk could not be explained in terms of variation in the amount of spray intercepted
Seed dormancy and germination phenology of grass weeds and implications for their control in cereals
Authors: Kon K.F. , Follas G.B. , James D.E.
Published: October 2019

Seeds of Italian ryegrass perennial ryegrass wild oat winter wild oat phalaris and barnyard grass collected during the 2005/06 season were tested for dormancy and germination phenology between April and December 2006 In laboratory and outdoor environments dormancy was widespread in grass weed but not in ryegrass seeds The seeds of grass weeds had better germination in the outdoor environment than the laboratory In the outdoor environment only 15 of wild oat and winter wild oat 1963 of phalaris and 39 of barnyard grass seed germinated Protracted germination varied between species in two to seven flushes The earliest timing for effective postemergence grass control under the experimental conditions appeared to be about 6 weeks after sowing for wild oats and ryegrasses 12 weeks for phalaris and 14 weeks for barnyard grass The extended germination periods of phalaris and barnyard grass are a challenge to growers in designing a costeffective herbicide programme
Monitoring longdistance spore dispersal by wind a review
Authors: Viljanen-Rollinson S.L.H. , Parr E.L. , Marroni M.V.
Published: October 2019

Collection of meaningful data on long distance dispersal (LDD) of plant pathogens is very difficult because such events are very rare and the strength and locations of pathogen sources are often unknown This review of the different methods that have been deployed examines combinations of meteorological analyses and ground surveys including spore trapping devices collecting rainwater and identifying spores using realtime PCR The relevance of these techniques is discussed in the context of surveillance and monitoring transTasman dispersal of fungal spores
Impact of pheromone mating disruption and pesticides on oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) on peaches
Authors: Lo P.L. , Cole L.M.
Published: October 2019

Oriental fruit moth (OFM) is an important pest of summerfruit grown for both fresh market and processing in Hawkes Bay New Zealand Mating disruption was applied over three consecutive years on the same three cv Golden Queen peach orchards At each orchard plots of 0535 ha were treated with pheromone dispensers either alone or supplemented with insecticides In year one OFM populations were high and mating disruption or 12 insecticide applications did not provide sufficient control with up to 3 damage at harvest The following year all trial areas received pheromone dispensers plus one or two insecticide applications and fruit damage was at acceptable level of less than 1 In year three blocks with mating disruption alone averaged 02 OFM infestation compared with 09 where no OFM control was used OFM mating disruption is now increasingly being adopted by growers but the cost relative to insecticides is a barrier
Effect of cardboard shelter traps on predation of diaspidid scale insects by european earwigs Forficula auricularia in kiwifruit
Authors: Logan D.P. , Maher B.J. , Connolly P.G. , Pettigrew M.J.
Published: October 2019

European earwigs Forficula auricularia L are important predators of diaspidid scale insects in New Zealand kiwifruit As European earwigs readily hide during the day in shelter traps made of corrugated cardboard strips rolled into cylinders it may be possible to manipulate the level of scale predation The effect of trapping duration on aggregation of earwigs and whether the addition of shelter traps to kiwifruit vine canopies led to increased numbers of earwigs and predation of scale insects were investigated More earwigs were found in cardboard shelter traps exposed for up to 8 weeks than shorter periods However shelter traps were not associated with increased numbers of earwigs in vine canopies or with increased predation of scale insects Predation of scale insects was 7382 and on individual canes depended on the initial density of scale Further study is needed to realise the potential of earwigs as predators of scale insects and other pests
A comparison of lepidopteran damage to Hort16A and Hayward kiwifruit
Authors: McKenna C.E. , Stevens P.S.
Published: October 2019

The timing and incidence of lepidopteran damage to two kiwifruit cultivars Hort16A and Hayward were compared by monitoring tagged fruit bunches on unsprayed vines over two seasons In both seasons the percentage of fruit with caterpillar damage increased rapidly during the 8 weeks immediately after fruit set No new damage was found on Hort16A fruit after this time but Hayward fruit continued to be damaged from February until May Only 74 (both seasons) of Hort16A fruit incurred severe damage (nonexport) compared with 11 7 (1997) or 184 (1998) of Hayward fruit Damage to Hort16A fruit was generally to the sepal area or side of fruit whereas the side of fruit or stamen end were the most common feeding sites on Hayward Ctenopseustis obliquana and Stathmopoda spp caterpillars were the predominant species found on Hort16A fruit while C obliquana and Cnephasia jactatana were the most common species found on Hayward fruit