bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Utilization of Coconut Fibre into Fired Clay Brick
Authors: Kadir Aeslina Abdul , Mohd Zulkifly Siti Noorhajar , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Sarani Noor Amira
Published: January 2016

Over the year, agricultural establishment produced many types of waste in its daily operation. Coconut fibre for example is one of the most abundant agricultural wastes produced in Malaysia. Despite the massive amount of the waste produced, the standards of waste management in Malaysia are still poor. The main purpose of this study is to focus on the potential of coconut fibre utilization into fired clay bricks. The objectives of this study are to determine the characteristics of coconut fibre, to identify the gas emissions during firing process from coconut fibre brick and to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of from coconut fibre (1%, 3% and 5%) incorporation into fired clay brick. All the bricks were fired in a furnace up to 1050°C at 1°C/min. The gas emissions that were measured are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Based on the three gases, the results showed that CO2 is the highest gas emission produced during the firing process. Physical and mechanical properties tested are total shrinkage, dry density and compressive strength. Results found that by adding different percentages of coconut fibre, most of the properties were complied with the standards except for the compressive strength of 5% of coconut fibre in clay brick. Therefore, the utilization of coconut fibre could be one of the alternative disposal methods for agriculture waste and it will also provide low-cost material for brick that produce adequate physical and mechanical properties.
Performances of Artificial Lightweight Geopolymer Aggregate (ALGA) in OPC Concrete
Authors: Abd Razak Rafiza , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Kamarudin Hussin , Ismail Khairul Nizar , Hardjito D. , Zarina Yahya
Published: January 2016

The non-availability of natural lightweight aggregate and demand are increasing in worldwide, thus new alternatives on producing artificial aggregate should be developed. This paper discussed on the mechanical properties of artificial lightweight geopolymer aggregate (ALGA) made from LUSI mud and alkaline activator in concrete. LUSI means Sidoarjo mud from Indonesia which erupted on 2006 with high volume and impacted an area of almost 770 hectare. The alkaline activator used was combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The geopolymer paste formed need to be pelleted and sintered at 950 °C. The results showed that the compressive strength of OPC-ALGA concrete is 41.89 MPa at 28 days of testing with a density of 1760.1 kg/m3 which can be classified as lightweight concrete. The water absorption of ALGA concrete is 2.77%.
Adhesiveness of Kaolin Based Coating Material on Lumber Wood
Authors: Ramasamy Shamala , Kamarudin Hussin , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Sandu Andrei Victor , Binhussain Mohammed , Shahedan Noor Fifinatasha
Published: January 2016

Kaolin, widely used aluminosilicate source material was added with alkaline activator solution, creating geopolymer coating paste.Optimum design for kaolin based coating using geopolymer technology was studied. The work was to analyses the effect of solid liquid ratio, sodium silicate and sodium chloride ratio and sodium chloride molarity on its adhesive performances on lumber wood substrate. Upon observation, coating with 0.9 solid/liquid ratio, 0.45 sodium silicate/sodium chloride ratio and sodium chloride solution with 6M molarity shows promising adhesive strength. These results were further evident with morphological studies.
Effect of Mixing Technique on Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites Filled Fly Ash Based Geopolymer to Compressive Properties
Authors: Mat Daud Yusrina , Kamarudin Hussin , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Osman Azlin Fazlin , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , bin Hussain Mohammed
Published: January 2016

The effects of mixing approach on compressive, flexural, water absorption properties and morphology of the epoxy nanocomposites incorporating 0 and 3 wt% fly ash-based geopolymer were investigated. The mechanical stirrer with two different type of propeller; four blade (type A) and dissolver (type B) was used to blend the epoxy with the nanoclay and the fly ash-based geopolymer filler. It was found that the epoxy nanocomposite prepared using dissolver propeller (type B) performed higher compressive strength and higher flexural strength as compared to the one prepared using four blade propeller (type A). We postulate that this was due to an improved mixing efficiency and dispersion quality as observed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).
Flexural and Crack Analysis of Oil Palm Clinker in Lightweight Reinforced Cocrete Beams
Authors: Kamaruddin Rezuwan , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Mohd Tahir Muhammad Faheem
Published: January 2016

Oil palm clinker is made from waste burning of oil palm shell and the fibrous material in oil palm mill. The clinker has changed into permanent state, which is no longer a bio-material after undergone high temperature burning process. Large quantities of various sizes of oil palm clinker wastes have become disposal constraints. It requires extra costs for handling, transporting and searching out the suitable dumping sites. Study was found that the clinker is lightweight and satisfactorily achieved compressive strength to make lightweight concrete structure. Several lightweight oil palm clinker concrete beams were designed and tested according to British standard Code of Practices. The results shows the provision can be conservatively used to design the lightweight oil palm clinker concrete beam reinforced with deformed bar. Experimental loads were found higher than the design loads for all the tested beams. Therefore, the equation used to calculate ultimate load is safe and satisfactory.
Experimental Test and Non-Linear Finite Element Modeling Prediction on Profiled Steel Sheeting Dry Board (PSSDB) with Geopolymer Concrete Infill
Authors: Jaffar Mohd Isa , Wan Badaruzzaman Wan Hamidon , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Baharom Sharizan
Published: January 2016

Profiled steel sheeting dry board (PSSDB) system is made of profiled steel sheeting that is connected to the dry board using a self-drilling, self-tapping screw. This study aims to predicts the load-deflection behavior of PSSDB panel system under the influence of geopolymer concrete infill with finite element modeling. To achieve the target objective, the laboratory testing approach and a theoretical system behavior prediction are considered. Through a bending test, the stiffness of PSSDB full board with geopolymer concrete infill (FBGPC) panel is 27.42 kNm2 and the ultimate load is 13.13 kN/m2. The developed finite-element modeling (FEM) successfully predicts the behavior of PSSDB with geopolymer concrete infill panel with >85% accuracy.
Effect of PVA Fiber in Increasing Mechanical Strength on Paste Containing Glass Powder
Authors: Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , Limantono Henry , Triwulan Triwulan , Susanto Susanto Tri Eddy , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa
Published: January 2016

This paper presents some experimental results related to mechanical properties of fibrous concrete with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber application. The use of fibers in paste is to improve the performance of concrete as well as increasing the ductility of concrete.The mix proportion of paste was varied into 17 basic paste without fiber. Glass powder as silica source was used as cement replacement from 0-25% by cement weight. The powder was replaced by silica fume which varied from 0 – 60% by glass powder weight. Five compositions with the highest strength at 28 days and one composition of variable control (100% cement) were selected to make fibrous pastes with additional PVA fibers. Low water to the binder ratio of 25% was applied to all the mixture. Material and mechanical analysis were conducted for material reactivity, mineral composition, porosity, compressive and tensile strength.Replacement of cement with glass powder and silica fume produced the highest compressive strength of 93.26 MPa at 28 days. The highest compressive strength of fibrous paste of 99.85 MPa showed that fiber can increase the paste strength.It was also proved that application of glass powder and silica fume increased the tensile strength up to 27.22%. With the addition of PVA fibers, split tensile strength pastes increased almost 200% from original split tensile of bare paste without fiber. However, the addition of PVA fibers decreased the workability and increased the porosity of matrix.
The Usage of Glass Waste as Cement Replacement
Authors: Kadir Aeslina Abdul , Ismail Mohamad Rosli , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Sarani Noor Amira , Hassan Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem
Published: January 2016

The growth production and manufactured sector in Malaysia had led to increase the industrial by-product waste especially glass. These growing problems of glass waste can be reduced if new disposal method are utilized other than disposed it to the landfill. This study is focused on the utilization of glass waste with cement. The main objectives of this study are to determine the characteristics of glass waste and to conduct physical and mechanical properties test towards the concrete with different percentages of glass (10%, 20% and 30%). Samples of glass waste were collected and crushed to the powder size (40µm) before being mix in concrete mixture and their characteristics were determined by using X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF). Physical and mechanical properties include compressive strength, water absorption and density were tested. The results obtained demonstrated that, only sample with 10% of glass powder incorporated is complied with the minimum strength of the cube with 25.6MPa. However, all of the samples meet the minimum value for density and water absorption test. The density obtained is still in the range which is between 2116.1kg/m3 until 2239.4kg/m3. As for water absorption test, all of the samples obtained the value below than 6% and can be classified as a good concrete. As a conclusion, 10% of glass powder is the most suitable percentage to be incorporated into concrete mixture. This replacement could be an alternative disposal method to glass waste.
S1PR4 Signaling Attenuates ILT 7 Internalization To Limit IFN-α Production by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Dillmann Christina , Ringel Christian , Ringleb Julia , Mora Javier , Olesch Catherine , Fink Annika F. , Roberts Edward , Brüne Bernhard , Weigert Andreas
Published: January 2016

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce large amounts of type I IFN in response to TLR7/9 ligands. This conveys antiviral effects, activates other immune cells (NK cells, conventional DCs, B, and T cells), and causes the induction and expansion of a strong inflammatory response. pDCs are key players in various type I IFN–driven autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or psoriasis, but pDCs are also involved in (anti-)tumor immunity. The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signals through five G-protein–coupled receptors (S1PR1–5) to regulate, among other activities, immune cell migration and activation. The present study shows that S1P stimulation of human, primary pDCs substantially decreases IFN-α production after TLR7/9 activation with different types of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or tick-borne encephalitis vaccine, which occurred in an S1PR4-dependent manner. Mechanistically, S1PR4 activation preserves the surface expression of the human pDC-specific inhibitory receptor Ig-like transcript 7. We provide novel information that Ig-like transcript 7 is rapidly internalized upon receptor-mediated endocytosis of TLR7/9 ligands to allow high IFN-α production. This is antagonized by S1PR4 signaling, thus decreasing TLR-induced IFN-α secretion. At a functional level, attenuated IFN-α production failed to alter Ag-driven T cell proliferation in pDC-dependent T cell activation assays, but shifted cytokine production of T cells from a Th1 (IFN-γ) to a regulatory (IL-10) profile. In conclusion, S1PR4 agonists block human pDC activation and may therefore be a promising tool to restrict pathogenic IFN-α production.
TLR-Activated Gap Junction Channels Protect Mice against Bacterial Infection through Extracellular UDP Release
Authors: Qin Juliang , Zhang Guangxu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Tan Binghe , Lv Zhangsheng , Liu Mingyao , Ren Hua , Qian Min , Du Bing
Published: January 2016

Extracellular UDP (eUDP), released as a danger signal by stressed or apoptotic cells, plays an important role in a series of physiological processes. Although the mechanism of eUDP release in apoptotic cells has been well defined, how the eUDP is released in innate immune responses remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that UDP was released in both Escherichia coli–infected mice and LPS- or Pam3CSK4-treated macrophages. Also, LPS-induced UDP release could be significantly blocked by selective TLR4 inhibitor Atractylenolide I and selective gap junction inhibitors carbenoxolone and flufenamic acid (FFA), suggesting the key role of TLR signaling and gap junction channels in this process. Meanwhile, eUDP protected mice from peritonitis by reducing invaded bacteria that could be rescued by MRS2578 (selective P2Y6 receptor inhibitor) and FFA. Then, connexin 43, as one of the gap junction proteins, was found to be clearly increased by LPS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, if we blocked LPS-induced ERK signaling by U0126, the expression of connexin 43 and UDP release was also inhibited dramatically. In addition, UDP-induced MCP-1 secretion was significantly reduced by MRS2578, FFA, and P2Y6 mutation. Accordingly, pretreating mice with U0126 and Gap26 increased invaded bacteria and aggravated mice death. Taken together, our study reveals an internal relationship between danger signals and TLR signaling in innate immune responses, which suggests a potential therapeutic significance of gap junction channel–mediated UDP release in infectious diseases.
Cutting Edge: MicroRNA-223 Regulates Myeloid Dendritic Cell–Driven Th17 Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ifergan Igal , Chen Siqi , Zhang Bin , Miller Stephen D.
Published: January 2016

Myeloid cells play a crucial role in the induction and sustained inflammation in neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. miR-223, a myeloid cell–specific microRNA, is one of the most upregulated microRNAs in multiple sclerosis patients. We demonstrate that miR-223–knockout mice display significantly reduced active and adoptive-transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis that is characterized by reduced numbers of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and Th17 cells in the CNS. Knockout mDCs have increased PD-L1 and decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23 expression, as well as a reduced capacity to drive Th17, but not Th1, cell differentiation. Thus, miR-223 controls mDC-induced activation of pathologic Th17 responses during autoimmune inflammation.
Clinical candidates of small molecule p38 MAPK inhibitors for inflammatory diseases
Authors: Xing Li
Published: January 2016

The trigger and etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases are not well understood, hindering the development of efficient therapeutic approaches. The observation that abnormal activity of the p38 MAPK is common to all inflammatory diseases raised the expectation that p38 inhibitors would serve as general anti-inflammatory therapeutics. A large number of inhibitors were consequently discovered. Several compounds of different scaffolds, blocking the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, have entered phase II clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pain, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. As I review here, in almost all cases the clinical trials have failed, leading to re-design of compounds and re-evaluation of p38 as a suitable target. I describe how structural features, unique to p38α, have been employed in the inhibitor design and achieved high degree of kinome selectivity. I then focus on some of the drugs that reached human trials and summarize their in vitro/in vivo pharmacological profiles and the related outcomes from clinical investigations. These compounds include VX-745, VX-702, RO-4402257, SCIO- 469, BIRB-796, SD-0006, PH-797804, AMG-548, LY2228820, SB-681323 and GW-856553. Finally, I discuss novel suggested approaches for the use of p38 inhibitors such as combining p38 inhibition with inhibiting other targets that function in parallel inflammatory pathways for achieving efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases.
Cardiac Rehabilitation of patients with left ventricular assist device as “destination therapy”
Authors: Fattirolli Francesco , Bonacchi Massimo , Burgisser Costanza , Cellai Tommaso , Francini Sara , Valente Serafina , Sani Guido , Gensini Gian Franco
Published: January 2016

“End stage” heart failure is unresponsive to conventional pharmacological and non pharmacological treatments and has a bad prognosis either regarding survival or quality-of-life; besides cardiac transplantation is limited by organ shortage. Therefore mechanical devices have been developed, initially as “bridge to transplantation” and, more recently, as “destination therapy”: definitive treatment for non-transplantable patients. In these patients instrumental evaluation, treatment and rehabilitation are not yet defined and standardized. This paper reports the initial experience realized, as a part of a regional cooperation project within Florence and Siena University Hospitals activities, with the first three male patients, aged 45 to 70 years, affected by end-stage heart failure (NYHA class IV), non-eligible to transplantation, and implanted with Jarvik Flowmaker 2000, an intraventricular axial-flow VAD generating a continuous blood flow. After clinical stabilization, patients underwent a specific evaluation and treatment purposely designed for these subjects during ICU and post-ICU stay and, subsequently, a formal cardiac rehabilitation program. Hemodynamic, bioumoral and functional parameters were recorded at the beginning, during and at the end of intensive rehabilitation program. All patients completed the program, achieving a remarkable and meaningful functional recovery, such to allow them going home, continuing with a self-activity with weekly follow-up in the Rehabilitation Center. The experience acquired by following these patients longitudinally – from the VAD implantation to hospital discharge – allowed us to develop a flow-chart divided in five phases, identifying the main clinical problems, the rehabilitative treatment goals and the useful indicators to define criteria for shift from every phase to the following one.
Ethnicity, cardiovascular diseases and italian cardiology in an evolving society
Authors: Scardi Sabino
Published: January 2016

Non native residents form around 7-8% of total italian population. In these people, as for virtually all population groups living in the western world, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death. But there are striking ethnic differences in CVD risk factors. The disease presentation may also differ, challenging diagnostic skills, and therapeutic requirements and responses may also be not uniform. The overall health of our society will be largely determined by success in improving the health for minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Therefore, it is essential that all healthcare providers understand how to recognize, diagnose, and treat CVD risk in these patient groups. To achieve these goals, the Italian Federation of Cardiology, and the affiliated Italian Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (GICR-IACPR) must implement programs that aim to educate clinicians about the unique peculiarities of CVD and associated risk factors in minority groups, in order to improve diagnosis and individualize care in these populations.
Alterations of Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase activity in patients suffering from asthma attacks
Authors: Katsoulis K. , Kontakiotis T. , Gerou S. , Kougioulis M. , Lithoxopoulou H. , Papakosta D.
Published: January 2016

Background. Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may play an important role in the development and progression of bronchial asthma. However, the role of blood antioxidants especially in asthma exacerbation has not been fully discussed. Objective. This study examines a part of the intracellular antioxidant defense mechanism in asthmatic patients admitted to hospital due to severe exacerbation of their disease. Methods. Peripheral blood Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in 38 patients (33 men - 5 women, with a mean age of 56±2.8 yrs), using a colorimetric method. On the days of admission and discharge the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the Partial arterial Oxygen pressure (PaO2) were recorded and correlated with SOD activity at the same time. Results. A statistically significant decrease of SOD activity was observed on the day of admission compared to SOD activity on the day of discharge (43.64±31.78 vs. 96.16±54.05 units/ml, p<0.001), suggesting the presence of oxidative stress during an asthma attack. A statistically significant correlation was observed between FEV1 on admission and SOD activity at the same time (r=0.57, p<0.001). Furthermore, SOD activity on admission was correlated with PaO2 on discharge (r=0.55, p<0.001), as well as SOD on discharge with PaO2 on discharge (r=0.53, p=0.001). Conclusions. Decreased systemic erythrocyte SOD activity was observed during asthma attacks. This activity was correlated with severity criteria such as FEV1 and PaO2. Therefore, it seems that measurement of SOD activity could be a useful tool in the evaluation of an asthma attack. The supplementary administration of antioxidants in the future needs further clarification.
Successful treatment of persistent postoperative air leaks following the placement of an endobronchial one-way valve
Authors: Conforti S. , Torre M. , Fieschi S. , Lomonaco A. , Ravini M.
Published: January 2016

resection in pathological conditions of the lung involve a very large spectrum of available methods, from chest drainage and placement of Heimlich valves to surgical repair or pleural decortication. However, in some of these patients surgery may be contraindicated. This report describes an endobronchial approach to the control of marked and prolonged air leaks in four patients using a newly designed one-way airway valve (Pulmonx Corporation; Redwood City, Ca.USA) placed into the segmental bronchus that is the source of air leakage. As the device is a one-way inspiratory airway blocker, it can be used to control persistent air leaks while maintaining the drainage of mucus. This approach potentially provides an effective nonsurgical and minimally invasive alternative addition to the armamentarium of treatments for patients who suffer with persistent post-operative air leaks where other methods have failed or in frail patients who are categorised as a high surgical risk.
Epidemiology of Pulmonary Embolism in Apulia from analysis of current data
Authors: Moretti A.M. , Tafuri S. , Parisi D. , Germinario C.
Published: January 2016

Background and aims. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a relatively common cardiovascular emergency: present evidence suggests that PE is the third most acute cardiovascular disease after cardiac ischemic syndromes and stroke. The aim of this study is to evaluate hospital admissions for PE in the Apulia Region of Italy in the period 2001-2007 through an analysis of the Apulia Region hospital patient discharge database. Methods. Patients were selected on the basis of admissions between 01/01/2001 and 31/12/2007 with ICD-9-CM code of 415.11 (Iatrogenic pulmonary embolism and infarction) or 415.19 (Other pulmonary embolism and infarction) as principal or secondary diagnosis. Results. The number of patients selected from the database was 4,303. The raw annual admission data shows an increasing trend from 13.9x100,000 residents in 2001 to 18.9x100,000 residents in 2007. The average patient age was 68.7 years and 59% were females and 41%. There were 470 deaths in hospital (10.9% of patients). Conclusions. PE is associated with much health care and a substantial economic burden, yet many PE and general venous thromboembolism (VTE) events are preventable. It remains the responsibility of individual hospitals to identify specific areas in which they can improve their VTE prophylaxis rates to obtain positive results from the reporting initiatives and incentive programs.
Big Data Application in Biomedical Research and Health Care: A Literature Review
Authors: Luo Jake , Wu Min , Gopukumar Deepika , Zhao Yiqing
Published: January 2016

Big data technologies are increasingly used for biomedical and health-care informatics research. Large amounts of biological and clinical data have been generated and collected at an unprecedented speed and scale. For example, the new generation of sequencing technologies enables the processing of billions of DNA sequence data per day, and the application of electronic health records (EHRs) is documenting large amounts of patient data. The cost of acquiring and analyzing biomedical data is expected to decrease dramatically with the help of technology upgrades, such as the emergence of new sequencing machines, the development of novel hardware and software for parallel computing, and the extensive expansion of EHRs. Big data applications present new opportunities to discover new knowledge and create novel methods to improve the quality of health care. The application of big data in health care is a fast-growing field, with many new discoveries and methodologies published in the last five years. In this paper, we review and discuss big data application in four major biomedical subdisciplines: (1) bioinformatics, (2) clinical informatics, (3) imaging informatics, and (4) public health informatics. Specifically, in bioinformatics, high-throughput experiments facilitate the research of new genome-wide association studies of diseases, and with clinical informatics, the clinical field benefits from the vast amount of collected patient data for making intelligent decisions. Imaging informatics is now more rapidly integrated with cloud platforms to share medical image data and workflows, and public health informatics leverages big data techniques for predicting and monitoring infectious disease outbreaks, such as Ebola. In this paper, we review the recent progress and breakthroughs of big data applications in these health-care domains and summarize the challenges, gaps, and opportunities to improve and advance big data applications in health care.
Keeping Mind in Mind: Mentalizing and Executive Functioning in Substance-Abusing Infant Mothers: Effect on Dyadic Relationship and Infant Outcome
Authors: Håkansson Ulrika , Halsa Astrid , Söderström Kerstin , Skårderud Finn , Øie Merete Glenne
Published: January 2016

Although it is well documented that maternal substance abuse has a negative effect on the mother–child interaction, less is known about the pathways through which the interaction is compromised. The main objective of this research proposal is to describe an ongoing research project that focuses on associations between maternal executive function and the quality of mother–infant interaction when the mother has a history of substance abuse. We will also investigate the effects of multiple variables, including maternal relationship experiences, personality disposition, parental stress, comorbid mental illness, and addiction severity, on the dyadic interaction and child functioning. A group of 40–50 mothers with substance abuse problems and their infants aged 6–18 months will be included. The mothers will be assessed with neuropsychological tests, clinical interviews, self-administered questionnaires, and dyadic interaction observations as well as observation and assessment of child functioning. We will use a cross-sectional correlational design. The inclusion of the participants will end in October 2015. Further knowledge about the variables that are important for the mother–infant relationship can inform future research and clinical practice.
Recognition and Justice
Authors: Reagan Charles
Published: January 2016

Paul Ricœur devoted much of his last ten years to studies and analyses of justice and recognition. This paper will trace the indelible bonds between justice and recognition and claim that recognition is a necessary condition for justice and that justice is the telos or goal of recognition. I begin this paper with a review of the multiple meanings of recognition in the two famous French dictionaries, the Littré (1859-1872) and the Le Grand Robert (1985). In his book, The Course of Recognition (2005), Ricoeur groups recognition under three headings, recognition as a form of knowledge or cognition (epistemological), self-recognition, and recognition of the other on the social and judicial level.The complexities of the meanings of “to recognize” and “recognition” are important in their roles in the realm of justice. I include in the concept of justice, the judiciary, both civil and criminal; distributive justice; and, social and political justice. For each one of these, there are multiple meanings of recognition that are important to understanding their foundation and their scope. There are meanings of recognition that are relevant to other aspects of social justice as the recognition of marginal, oppressed, devalued, groups as deserving of being treated as equals. The structure of my paper is to go through the various meanings and categories of meanings of “to recognize” and “recognition.” I give an account of each of the types of justice and show how various kinds of recognition are relevant to each kind of justice.
Population automation: An interview with Wikipedia bot pioneer Ram-Man
Authors: Livingstone Randall M.
Published: January 2016

Software robots (“bots”) play a major role across the Internet today, including on Wikipedia, the world’s largest online encyclopedia. Bots complete over 20 percent of all edits to the project, yet often their work goes unnoticed by other users. Their initial integration onto Wikipedia was not uncontested and highlighted the opposing philosophies of “inclusionists” and “deletionists” who influenced the early years of the project. This paper presents an in-depth interview with Wikipedia user Ram-Man, an early bot operator on the site and creator or the rambot, the first mass-editing bot. Topics discussed include the social and technical climate of early Wikipedia, the creation of bot policies and bureaucracy, and the legacy of rambot and Ram-Man’s work.
From Jean-Perce Makanzu to Makanzu Mavumilusa: An Evangelical Protestant Leader in Mobutu's Congo, 1960–1980
Authors: Rich Jeremy
Published: January 2016

While scholars have written at length about Pentecostal churches and African Independent Churches in the postcolonial era in the Democratic Republic of Congo, little attention has been given to evangelical Protestants in the opening decades of Congolese independence. Jean-Perce Mavumilusa Makanzu became a key theologian and evangelist in the 1960s and 1970s, and became popular with U.S. missionaries in the late 1960s in promoting evangelical teachings as one means of recovery from the left-wing Simba revolts of the mid-1960s. While the Mobutuist state struggled to subjugate the Roman Catholic hierarchy in the 1970s, Makanzu became a key figure in promoting reconciliation between evangelical teachings and Mobutu Sese Seko's dictatorship. He lost his previous support from U.S. missionaries as a result, but showed his versatility at obtaining foreign aid by building close ties with West German Protestants.
World Englishes, Critical and Feminist Pedagogies Coalition in Pre-service Teacher Training
Authors: Barros-del Rio Maria A.
Published: January 2016

In an attempt to overcome the fragmentation of theoretical and practical post-structuralist strands applied to the teaching of EFL, this article explores how critical and feminist perspectives can inform the TESOL practice through the inclusion of the voices and experiences of those who have been excluded from dominant discourses according to the World Englishes classification. After exposure to basic readings on feminist and critical pedagogies, a group of pre-service teachers enrolled in the Master's degree in teaching at the University of Burgos in Spain, were asked to design teaching activities for the selected authentic materials. Malala Yousafzai's speech to the UN in 2013 was selected so that the pre-service teachers would face nonnative texts. Through the didactic exploitation of her discourse, gender, power, identity and violence issues were addressed. Results indicate that coalition of World Englishes, feminist, and critical pedagogies enhance resistance to dominant discourses, foster awareness in teaching practices and contribute to social transformation. Further scholarly reflection and classroom practices are suggested on the relationship between the use of English as a globalized language for training purposes and its relationship with the particular struggles of the oppressed.
Employee and Customer Reactions to a Healthy In-Store Marketing Intervention in Supermarkets
Authors: Davis Erica L. , Wojtanowski ALexis C. , Weiss Stephanie , Foster Gary D. , Karpyn Allison , Glanz Karen
Published: January 2016

Supermarkets are a primary source of food for American households, and increased presence in low-income, high-minority neighborhoods present opportunities to increase access to healthy foods. It is important to assess store manager and customer reactions to in-store marketing interventions. The objective was to evaluate manager and customer reactions to stealth, low-cost, sustainable in-store marketing strategies to promote healthier purchases in five product categories and gain insight into shopping habits and willingness to change behaviors. Surveys were collected as part of the evaluation of a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted from 2011-2012 in eight urban supermarkets in low-income, high-minority neighborhoods. Store manager (n=16) and customer intercept surveys (n=100) were administered at intervention stores in May-July 2012 and August 2012, respectively. Demographics, shopping habits, and impact were calculated using frequency distributions, cross-tabulation, and analyses of variance. Correlations were calculated using Pearson’s R or one-sided Fisher’s Exact Test. Most managers reported the project had a positive impact on stocking, ordering, staffing, and interaction with other employees. Most customers did not notice new marketing strategies, although they were intentionally stealth. A large number of customers reported making impulse purchases regularly. Opportunities to positively affect purchasing may exist.
Clipped Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Fodder Utilization: A Potential for Income Growths of Resource Poor Farmers in the Savannah Regions of Nigeria
Authors: Sambo Banake E. , Odion Ehiabhi C.
Published: January 2016

Cowpea features prominently in the farming systems of the semi-arid tropics where they are grown for fodder used as feed for livestock. Traditional farm varieties are the indeterminate, spreading type which grow fast; cover the soil surface and produce large quantities of biomass. Studies have focused on the use of such green crop materials for soil fertility improvement. But, it’s been highlighted that a green manure crop should also be a cover crop of economic value. Such crops should raise the farmers’ income not only indirectly by improving soil fertility but also directly by yielding products of economic importance such as food and fodder. In addition, trading in these residues (fodder/ haulms) can be highly remunerating. It is against this background that this study was carried out at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; During the 2002-2005 wet seasons; to determining the influence of intra-row spacing, clipping height and time on the productivity and income growth potential of the dual purpose cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). The experimental lay out was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD); replicated three times. The data was analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance test (ANOVA); and the means compared using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that, clipping management, facilitated the production of large (15 t ha-1) amounts of green plant biomass on-farm. This could be put to various uses by the resource poor farmer who usually is cash strapped at the peak of the farming (dry) season. The farmer could choose to keep and use the fodder to feed animals, and/ or trade it off and use the proceeds (
N
 41, 000.00 -
N
 46, 000.00 - Nigerian Naira equivalent) to subsidize on fertilizer requirement and/ or meet up with immediate socio-economic family demands. Additionally, considering the high amount (187 kg-1) of N-added to the soil (i.e. about 4 bags of Urea fertilizer), a cost saving of about
N
 24, 000.00 was made by the resource poor farmer; which could have otherwise been invested into the procurement of N-fertilizer input. It is concluded that such pro-poor income growths originating from the adoption of such innovative clipping management technological farming practices as this, needs to be encouraged and supported; as this hold immense potential of increasing the income of resource poor, low income, and low technology farmers. Indeed, it is a veritable tool for the reduction of food insecurity and poverty viz. economic empowerment in the region.

 
Familienwissenschaft als Praxiswissenschaft im Interesse einer lebensfreundlichen Gesellschaft
Authors: Wittrahm Andreas
Published: January 2016

Family Science as a Practical Science in the Service of a Life-Friendly Society: The family is considered to be an essential institution of generativity and generative socialisation in a wide variety of societies. No single discipline can examine all the conditions and possibilities of how families perform that task. Approximately a dozen different empirical, hermeneutic and normative sciences explore family-related issues with the help of different methods and approaches. However, an interdisciplinary convergence of these sciences still seems quite far off. In the meantime, we recommend that the various disciplines work together, as a kind of teaching and learning community with the aim of somehow coordinating their research on the conditions of founding a family, the diverse roles and stresses of family members and on long-term care provided in the context of ageing societies, to adopt common options that support late modern families and their members.
Performance Management in Social and Healthcare Services for Older Persons : Effects on the Relationship with Beneficiaries and Family Members
Authors: Ghenţa Mihaela
Published: January 2016

The research objectives were to identify specific problems that social and healthcare service providers face in the process of performance achievement and the way these efforts influence the relationship with older persons and their families. The scarcity of data on performance in public and private organisations in the social and healthcare sector recommends the use of qualitative methods. Data collection included five in-depth interviews with local and central authorities and two focus groups of managers from public and private organisations providing social and healthcare services for older persons. Findings show that performance in the social and healthcare sector is related to human and financial resources, to managerial capacity to balance the quantity and quality of services provided, and to the relationship with the beneficiaries.
Demarcación regional, modificación territorial y acomodación de las divided societies
Authors: Nicolini Matteo
Published: January 2016

ResumenEl artículo examina los medios mediante que se consigue la cohabitación de comunidades altamente diferenciadas por lengua, confesión religiosa, cultura en sistema federales. La  cohabitación – que se realiza, entre otras formas, a través de entes territoriales – corresponde al concepto de geografía jurídica (legal geography), verdadero principio de organización de estados federales multi- o bi-nacionales. Pues, el artículo explora los conceptos de mayor transcendencia y que se encuentran conectados al de geografía jurídica: la delimitación de las circunscripciones territoriales de los entes sub-estatales (regional demarcation) y los mecanismos para su modificación (territorial alteration). La comparación en ámbito jurídicos revalida la idea de que el gobierno y la gestión de sociedades altamente diferenciadas pueda ser conseguido con ambos instrumentos (territorial demarcation y alteration). Sin embargo, la delimitación del territorio sub-estatal fundamentada bajo la adopción de criterios étnicos se encuentra afectada por parte de elementos y factores económicos, que reducen cada día más el relieve de aquellos étnicos, lingüísticos y religiosos. La encrucijada de varios criterios y factores – sean los tradicionales, sean los de índole socio-económica – representa el desafío de las ethnic-construed territorial identity, y implica una renovada valoración y evaluación de los mismo criterios que rigen las formas de demarcación territorial.Abstract This article examines the accommodation of divided societies through constituent units, and concentrates on “legal geography” as a principle of organization in multi- or bi-ethnic federal states. It then considers the key concepts related thereto: regional demarcation and territorial alteration. Comparative legal studies show that divided societies can be governed through territorial demarcation and alteration. However, ethnic-based demarcation is currently under strain. Indeed, economic factors reduce the relevance of ethnic, linguistic and religious factors. The intersection of traditional and socioeconomic factors represents a challenge to ethnic-construed territorial identity, and implies a reassessment of the criteria presiding over political demarcation.
Photographie illégitime, cinéma du pauvre : le destin impossible de la diapositive
Authors: Boulouch Nathalie
Published: January 2016

La projection est le moyen privilégié de regarder des diapositives sur support transparent. Du milieu du 19e siècle jusqu’à la fin du 20e siècle, ce mode de visibilité a élargi le champ de réception de l’image fixe vers une perception spectaculaire et dématérialisée. Par cela, la position de la diapositive n’a cessé de créer des zones de frottement qui ont favorisé des processus de dialogue et d’évaluation à l’égard d’autres catégories d’images comme la photographie sur papier et le cinéma. L’évocation de quelques moments clés permet d’identifier les paliers où ont pu se jouer les épisodes du destin de cette photographie qui a confié son mode d'existence au flux de lumière d’un projecteur.
When the Carousel stops turning …
Authors: Langford Martha
Published: January 2016

When we speak of the slide show, we are speaking of many things. Photographic art, social documentary photography, information, entertainment, education, discipline, and punishment… the Carousel projector (1961–2004) was part of all these histories, and to an appreciable degree these cultural products shared not just a technical apparatus, but its language and embodied effects. As these machines disappear, we are increasingly reliant on visual and textual documents, as well as creative translations, to try to understand these works, their meaning and effects. My paper interrogates these accounts to grasp what was particular to the slide show medium, regardless of authorial intent, subject matter, and the increasingly porous division between high and low cultures.
The Automatic Exhibition: Slide Shows and Electronics at the Swiss National Exhibition 1964
Authors: Lugon Olivier , Sareen Anas
Published: January 2016

The advent of projection in exhibitions in the early 1960s brought with it a new form of automatized exhibition. Its rise was part of a larger phenomenon of automation and of rationalization of informational processes in Western society, with the rise of electronics. The Swiss National Exhibition in Lausanne in 1964 offers a good example of this: slide shows and multi-screen projections were used to promote administrative automation and to foster a new market of exhibition machinery.
Beyrouth : projections autour d’une ville et de son histoire
Authors: Polledri Claudia
Published: January 2016

Cet article porte sur l’installation de l’artiste libanaise Lamia Joreige, Beyrouth, autopsie d’une ville (2010). À partir de l’articulation établie par cette oeuvre entre la ville et son histoire par le biais des images, cette lecture se propose de montrer comment l’usage de la projection permet à l’artiste d’explorer la stratification temporelle propre à la ville de Beyrouth ainsi que d’attribuer une forme visuelle au jeu complexe de temporalités qui caractérise l’écriture de l’histoire.
Activer ou projeter
Authors: Verhagen Erik
Published: January 2016

Cet essai vise à mettre en perspective les deux modes de déclinaison générés par les travaux et objets produits par l’artiste allemand Franz Erhard Walther (né en 1939) entre le milieu des années 1950 et la fin des années 1960. Dans le premier, le spectateur est censé parachever mentalement l’oeuvre dont il est le destinataire. Dans le deuxième, ce parachèvement relève d’une participation physique de l’utilisateur. Tantôt l’un exclut l’autre mode, tantôt ils sont simultanés.
Conférence-projection et performance orale
Authors: Despoix Philippe
Published: January 2016

La célèbre conférence sur le « Rituel du serpent » tenue par Aby Warburg à la clinique Bellevue de Kreuzlingen en 1923 ne fut pas, selon les témoignages concordants, une lecture « illustrée » de photographies, mais une simple projection de diapositives commentée oralement et non sans improvisation par son auteur. Si le commentaire oral est bien perdu, la série de diapositives de verre qui constitue le fondement de sa « performance » a été pour l’essentiel conservée. Les conséquences de ce fait largement ignoré, qui touche à l’articulation entre image et langage parlé, ainsi qu’à la fonction médiale spécifique de la projection photographique – et donc à l’approche anthropologique visuelle propre à Warburg –, sont ici l’objet d’une première analyse détaillée.
Heart of glass anchors Rasip1 at endothelial cell-cell junctions to support vascular integrity
Authors: de Kreuk Bart-Jan , Gingras Alexandre R , Knight James DR , Liu Jian J , Gingras Anne-Claude , Ginsberg Mark H
Published: January 2016

Heart of Glass (HEG1), a transmembrane receptor, and Rasip1, an endothelial-specific Rap1-binding protein, are both essential for cardiovascular development. Here we performed a proteomic screen for novel HEG1 interactors and report that HEG1 binds directly to Rasip1. Rasip1 localizes to forming endothelial cell (EC) cell-cell junctions and silencing HEG1 prevents this localization. Conversely, mitochondria-targeted HEG1 relocalizes Rasip1 to mitochondria in cells. The Rasip1-binding site in HEG1 contains a 9 residue sequence, deletion of which abrogates HEG1’s ability to recruit Rasip1. HEG1 binds to a central region of Rasip1 and deletion of this domain eliminates Rasip1’s ability to bind HEG1, to translocate to EC junctions, to inhibit ROCK activity, and to maintain EC junctional integrity. These studies establish that the binding of HEG1 to Rasip1 mediates Rap1-dependent recruitment of Rasip1 to and stabilization of EC cell-cell junctions.