bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coil spring type analysis using the finite element method
Authors: Dwi Ananto Rifqi Ryandi , Andoko
Published: March 2021

Manoeuvre ability and driving comfort are the most important things in the automotive sector. Spring is a fundamental mechanical element that widely used in vehicle suspension applications. Holds loads perpendicular and absorbs shock loads from wheel vibrations so that they are not transmitted directly to the chassis. Therefore, the coil spring was made from a coil of high carbon steel rods in the form of a coil. The purpose of this article was to determine the differences in stress and strain strengths of several different types of coil springs. The types of springs used include the constant pitch spring, variable pitch spring, and barrel coil spring. Various types will be designed using Inventor software while the simulation used ANSYS 19.2 software. ANSYS engineering data used SUP 9 material and was subjected to a load of 6315 N. The results of the analysis showed that among the other three types, barrel coil spring has the lowest equivalent stress and maximum shear stress of 509.72 and 293.41 MPa, respectively, so it has the highest strength.
Analysis of low cycle fatigue in titanium materials 15-3-3-3
Authors: Wiryasanjani Yugo Nusa , Andoko Andoko
Published: March 2021

Microstructure changes of the properties of welded material effects the strength of the welds resulting in cracks and fractures in the weld joints. The 15-3-3-3 titanium alloy has excellent formability and is also cost effective in the fabrication process when compared to any other type materials. Low cycle fatigue is the dominant failure in titanium materials, requiring consideration of the design and analysis of material life. Low cycle fatigue test performed on tig welding of plate-shaped titanium material. Cyclic hardening causes an increase in the peak stress with the cycle, while cyclic softening results in decreasing the seek rate with the cycle. Cyclic loading which produces plastic strain is described as more complex and forms a hysteresis loop. Analysis of the hysteresis loop needs to analyze the stress distributions using the raindrop method in order to obtain a hysteresis loop pattern. The hysteresis loops consistently show the behavior of the material. behavior of the material. Hysteresis loop were analyzed to study the LCF property. Titanium material exhibits toughness from the start of the cycle to the end of the cycle. Second before the ‘material failure’ happens, it doesn’t show any drastic decrease in quality in the term of toughness.
Automatic baby incubator system with fuzzy-PID controller
Authors: Utomo Satryo Budi , Irawan Januar Fery , Mujibtamala Arizal , Nari Mochamad Irwan , Amalia Rosida
Published: March 2021

Deaths due to temperature instability often occur in premature babies. Negligent handling of new-borns can pose a risk of temperature instability as well. Therefore, interventions to keep the baby’s body temperature warm can reduce the risk of infant death. An incubator is a box equipped with a temperature controller to maintain a baby’s average body temperature. The faster nursery controlled the heat, the quicker the handling of the baby from the risk of temperature instability. This research aims to design a baby incubator that has an automatic control system for working temperatures quickly. The method to be used is Fuzzy-PID control, which functions to maintain temperature stability and accelerate the system’s response to the incubator. The temperature in the nursery is measured using a DHT22 sensor. The temperature measured from the sensor use error and delta error as input parameters in the design of the fuzzy membership set. The heater used in this study is an incandescent lamp to produce heat that is safe for babies. An experiment was carried out by comparing the PID control to determine the speed of the system response. Besides, measurements to assess the stability of the controller are also carried out by analyzing the effect of the load on temperature variations. The test results show a faster system response compared to the PID control and stability at a temperature set point of 32 ° C, 33 ° C, 34 ° C and 35 ° C. The time needed to achieve balance at the highest temperature of set points is 205 seconds with a max overshoot of 0.5%. With the max overshoot, the incubator can still work at a temperature that is safe for babies.
Design of a single-phase flux radial generator with opposite poles (U-S) using permanent Neodymium magnet (NdFeB)
Authors: Utomo Satryo Budi , Irawan Januar Fery , Hadi Widyono , Amam Dendy Sandrolis
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, the energy crisis is one of the main problems in Indonesia. The depletion of fossil fuels is the most dominant factor. Therefore, new energy solutions are needed. Generators are an essential factor in renewable energy in generating electricity.Further research is required to create a generator that may work at low rotational speeds. Electricity supply service from year to year continues to increase in any hemisphere due to the needs of the community that separated from the demand for electrical energy, especially in Indonesia. There are still many regions of Indonesia that have not to be electrified, especially remote areas, borders, and outer islands. Thus, alternative energy sources are needed, such as new and renewable energy, as electricity producers. One effort to overcome the scarcity of electrical power is the use of water and wind energy in electricity generation both on a large scale and on a small scale. Indonesia has considerable wind potential related to the energy sector, but this system also requires batteries or energy storage media. Innovations on energy conversion technology, especially in permanent magnet NdFeB permanent radial and axial flux generators have been developed. An electric generator is a device that can convert mechanical energy (motion) into electrical energy. In designing radial flux generators with opposite poles, they have 24 coils on the stator and 12 magnets on each rotor, where each coil has 450 windings connected in series with 24 Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) magnets on the rotor. The diameter of the email wire used in this generator is 0.3 mm. Tests carried out using a resistive load of 3000 Ω, which is paralleled as much as 1, 2, and 3 as a load. Tests carried out on the voltage, current, and rotational speed of the rotor to determine the power and efficiency of the generator. The test results show that this magnetic flux change produces a voltage of 101 volts without load.
A strength analysis of conventional and sandwich plate deck using finite element method
Authors: Ismail Abdi , Zubaydi Achmad , Piscesa Bambang , Panangian Ervan , Ariesta Rizky Chandra , Tuswan Tuswan
Published: March 2021

Ship materials are required to have good strength but with the lightest mass possible. The faceplate layer is made of a material with high strength and stiffness, while the core layer is made of a material with lower strength, stiffness, and density. In this study, a PU composite was applied to ship sandwich plates. Strength analysis was carried out to determine the feasibility of applying the sandwich plate to the oil tanker deck using the Finite Element Method. Sandwich plate deck has a stress value of 139.73 MPa. When compared with conventional models, the difference in stress reaches 80.26 MPa or about 36.48% of conventional models. The highest stress on the sandwich model meets the permitted stress. This study proves that the sandwich plate system (SPS) could reduce stress in the tanker deck structure. Steel faceplate and polyurethane elastomer composite cores have outstanding potential to be applied as sandwich plate systems on ship decks.
A comparative study of conventional and sandwich plate side-shell using finite element method
Authors: Ismail Abdi , Zubaydi Achmad , Piscesa Bambang , Panangian Ervan , Ariesta Rizky Chandra , Tuswan Tuswan
Published: March 2021

Ship material technology needs lightweight and strong enough material, where one of the solutions is a sandwich plate. Steel faceplate and room temperature cured polyurethane elastomer (RTC-PU) cores are frequently used configurations on ship sandwich plates. But RTC-PU has a relatively high cost. Polyurethane elastomer casting has a lower cost and easy-to-obtain. More economical core materials can be achieved by combining casting polyurethane elastomer with fiberglass, so fiberglass-reinforced polyurethane elastomer (FRPU) composite is obtained. In this study, FRPU is used as a core for ship sandwich plates. Strength and weight assessment of conventional and side-shell sandwich plates were performed to determine the benefits of applying the sandwich plate to side-shell tankers using the Finite Element Method. The application of the sandwich plate results in a stress reduction of 27.02% and a weight reduction of 4.2% compared to conventional side-shell structure. The highest stress of the side-shell sandwich plate is below the steel yield stress so that the sandwich plate is acceptable for the side-shell structure. The implementation of sandwich plates can reduce the weight of ship structure so that the ship’s payload can be increased and its operation will be more efficient.
Experimental investigation of the area ratio of double-layer blades as obstacle blades on swirling savonius rotor performance
Authors: Siregar Indra Herlamba , Effendy Moch , Akhmad Hafizh A R
Published: March 2021

The effect of the area ratio of the double layer obstacle blades to the performance of the swirling savonius rotor model has been identified. There are 4 studied ratios of 1: 6,2: 6, 3: 6 and 4: 6 which are equivalents to 300, 600, 900 and 1200 of the double layer obstacle blades arc angles in wind tunnels with wind speeds between 3 m s−1 to 6 m −1 which is equivalent to Reynolds number 56323 to 112645. The results of the study show that a small ratio of 300 and 600 blades arc angles can improve the performance of swirling savonius rotor, especially at Reynolds number 112645. Besides that, the existence of double-layer obstacle blades can increase the resistance of swirling savonius rotor toward the load.
Shrouded wind turbine for low wind speed
Authors: Nasrul Muhammad , Rizianiza Illa
Published: March 2021

The problem of electrification in Indonesia for remote areas is difficult to access and far away from the grid of PLN, so an alternative is needed to overcome this problem. One alternative to this problem is to build off-grid power plants by utilizing natural potential in an area such as wind energy, but not all regions have sufficient wind speed to use wind turbines, so the wind turbine must operate at low wind speeds with good efficiency. Shrouded can be used to increase the efficiency of conventional wind turbines, even at low wind speeds. In this study, the shrouded wind turbine can increase power output by up to 92.71%, with an average of 62.91% compared to conventional wind turbines under wind speed conditions of 2 m s−1 - 6 m s−1.
Evaluation of single stage centrifugal pump performance 103-P-509B after 26300 hours of use
Authors: Yohanna Eflita , Rozi Khoiri , Yulianto Mohamad Endy , Fikri Hafiz Rachmad , Muliyawan Anggi
Published: March 2021

Centrifugal pump is a type of pump used in low viscosity fluids. Therefore centrifugal pumps are widely used in the petroleum industry and power plants. At the Residual Fuel Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) there are 103-P-509A and 103-P-509B centrifugal pumps that function as cosolvent circulation media on the 103-V-503 vessel. To circulate cosolvent 103-P-509A and 103-P-509B pumps are arranged in parallel. While the operation of the 103-P-509A, pump impeller has become porous and destroyed. So it is necessary to know the actual performance of the 103-P-509B pump through analysis with analytical methods to process data and then compare it to the design performance. After calculating and comparing with the design performance, the differential head increases by 0.2 m, the decrease in NPSHa and NPSHr are 53.6 m and 0.62 m, and the pump efficiency decreases by 2%. Cosolvent circulation process does not experience interference, but the time needed to circulate cosolvent becomes longer. It can be concluded that the impeller pump 103-P-509B is in good condition.
Co-combustion characteristics of low-rank coal mixed with candlenut shell by using Thermogravimetry analysis - differential thermal analysis
Authors: Patabang Daud , Siang Jeri T. , Basri
Published: March 2021

CNS is one of the plantation wastes that can be used as alternative fuel which can be mixed with LRC. The research aims to obtain thermal and chemical characteristics of LRC – CNS mixing and the impact of adding CNS into LRC on combustion characterization. An experimental test was conducted to obtain thermal characteristics by using proximate and ultimate analysis based on ASTM standard. Combustion characteristics are obtained by using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) by using air as an oxidant. The Composition of CNS mixtures with LRC are 10, 30 and 50 respectively. The result of CNS mixed with LRC generalized improves the quality of the fuel mixture by the increase combustion reactivity, and this has an impact on increasing differential internal energy. The optimum addition of CNS into LRC was obtained of 10%.
Modelling of load variation effect on the steam power plant heat rate and performance using Gatecycle
Authors: Hasananto Nurdin , Darmadi Djarot B , Yuliati Lilis
Published: March 2021

One of the notable problems faced by power plant sector is the continuous increasing of policy urging air pollutant reductions such as NOX, SOX, and CO2. Therefore, there is a substantial necessity for power plant to conduct the most efficient scheme. One of the viable solutions is examining the present condition, evaluating as well as changing into better result. The present paper deals with the study of the powerplant performance running on fuels. In particular turbine maximum continuous rate (TMCR) were compared with other values. The outcomes show that heat rate, efficiency and fuel flow of the boiler increased respectively as a caused from the increasing load. In equipment level, heat transfer conducted by boiler is the biggest compared to another installed equipment. The result analysis highlighted that the design is able to be a replacement or insight for future operational data.
Development of IoT to regulate burning in FCC regenerators
Authors: Farhan Tanwir Ahmad , Siswnatara Ahmad Indra , Budiarso  , Widiawati Candra Damis , Robbani Abdullah , Hilman Gumelar Syafei M. , Pujowidodo Hariyotejo , Ramdlan Gunadi Gun Gun
Published: March 2021

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert high-fuel hydrocarbon fractions into other low FCC hydrocarbon fractions. Our research team is researching the FCC using palm oil so that it can become fuel. Regenerators are controlled and monitored by using the Internet of Things technology. The thermocouple sensor in the regenerator and stepper motor 28BY J-48 as an actuator on the ejector valve is controlled by Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP8266 for data reading and processing. The results of this study show that the design of IoT on the FCC regenerator uses Blynk applications have been running properly. The sensor and data actuator can be read by ESP8266 which is then sent to the Blynk server via the cellular network. This shows the ability of a data logger can used in the range’s internet wifi smartphone.
Design of 6S8P axial flux permanent magnet brushless DC motor with double-sided rotor
Authors: Utomo Satryo Budi , Irawan Januar Fery , Hadi Widyono , Sastiko BA
Published: March 2021

Electric motors developed rapidly in this decade. That is because electric motors have many advantages over conventional engines. The types of electric motors also vary, from low rated power to high rated power. Electric motors become an essential part of many sectors, such as industry and transportation. Brushless Direct Current Motor (BLDC) is one of the electric motors that has been developed because it has advantages compared to BDC motors. Low-power BLDC motors are widely used in several fields, such as computer construction, robots, and aviation. Research on the form of BLDC motor construction needs to be done to find out the maximum performance of a BLDC motor. Testing of a small motor axial flux permanent magnet brushless direct current with the double-sided rotor (AFPM BLDC DR) was carried out to determine the values of rotational speed, torque, mechanical power, and efficiency. Based on the test, a maximum rotational speed of 2365 rpm, the torque of 0.055 Nm, and the effectiveness of 70.34% are obtained.
The use of direct deposition electrospinning process in ZnO nanofiber fabrication as double layer (TiO2/ZnO) DSSC: variation of solution flow rate
Authors: Prasetyo Singgih Dwi , Hadi Syamsul , Arifin Zainal
Published: March 2021

The development of the use of Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) types is increasingly studied. DSSC type solar cells are easy in fabrication and cheaper than silicon solar cells or thin layer type solar cells. DSSC engineering is manufactured by adding a semiconductor layer. Addition can be conducted by direct deposition of ZnO semiconductor layer on the TiO2 nanoparticle layer by electrospinning process so as to create a double layer DSSC photoanoda.The liquid electro-jet spun from ZnAc/PVA on FTO glass coated TiO2 nanoparticles semiconductor was captured by direct deposition method using an electrospinning machine. This study was to investigate the effect of direct deposition of ZnO layers using electrospinning with variations in the distance of the tip to the collector and the flow rate. The results showed that the use of ZnO layers made by direct deposition at a flow rate 3μl / min produces a small diameter and uniform morphology. Small and uniform morphology allows ZnO nanofibers to have color absorption to produce a better DSSC double layer photoanode efficiency.
The influence the applied of social restrictions large scale covid-19 the use of the motor vehicle and industry fuel oil consumption and the air quality in the Surabaya City
Authors: Muhaji  , Susila Wayan , Ansori Aris , Effendy Mohammad , Arizal Heru
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia with cases covid-19 most confirmation details cases 118.753 confirmation, 75.645 cured, treated 37.587 and 5.521 died August 6th 2020, while the provincial government in indonesia east java province is COVID-19 most cases. Any effort have been done to prevent risk transmission of, efforts to the latter is social restrictions large scale. The purpose of this research is to know how much the decrease in the use of the motor vehicle and industry fuel oil consumtion and the increase in the air quality in Surabaya city. This research includes the kind of research survey. Sample and population the research is PT Pertamina Marketing Operation Region V Surabaya Jl. Wonokromo 88 Surabaya and the Environmental office Surabaya city Jl. Jimerto No 25-27 Surabaya. The data in this research was obtained through, interview techniques observation and document study. The research results show that the decrease the average daily consumption of the motor vehicle fuel premium and pertamax series 24.92%. biodiesel and Dex series 27.54%. With air quality better this is apparent from the air of particles of a decrease in the concentration (PM 10) 39.71%, and gas levels SO2 20.45%, CO 17.35%, O3 23.38% and NO2 25.81%.
Optimization of manganese ferrite/distilled water parameter design on heat exchanger using RSM and CFD
Authors: Permanasari Avita Ayu , Affandi Muhammad Taufiq , Sukarni  , Puspitasari Poppy , Abdillah Mirza
Published: March 2021

Nanofluid is the new fluid in nanotechnology development. Its features carry the ability of fastly discharging heat transfer. Thus, it becomes beneficial for various applications, such as heat transfer, refrigeration, and some devices or machines. This study aims to investigate the performance of a response parameter in a heat exchanger with MnFe2O4 – H2O nanofluid as its cold fluid on various input parameters of tube number, cold fluid flow, and nanoparticle volume fraction to identify the optimum value of heat transfer rate. This study used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) that usually adopted to know the optimum value of a response from an influencing factor. Besides, it also used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyze the heat transfer on the fluid flow computationally. The results of this research show that the optimum parameter value of the heat transfer rate is 42.8022 Watt with 0.075% nanoparticle volume fraction, 0.6l/min nanofluid flow, and three heat exchanger tubes. The rate of heat transfer encounters an increase following the addition of MnFe2O4 nanoparticle volume fraction, cold fluid or nanofluid flow, and the number of heat exchanger tubes.
Nanofluid NiO-H2O on heat exchanger using Taguchi optimization and numerical simulation
Authors: Ramadhanty Nesy Cahya , Permanasari Avita Ayu , Puspitasari Poppy , Sukarni  , Choiron Moch Agus
Published: March 2021

Heat exchangers that use conventional fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, and oil, which are often used in industry, have poor heat transfer characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we employed nanofluids as a substitute for conventional fluids in a heat exchanger to improve the heat transfer characteristics. This study aims to determine the potential of the working fluid in the heat exchanger system with the addition of NiO nanofluids (sintering and unsintering), which are distributed into the water base fluid. The results were then processed using a simulation on a heat exchanger to determine the heat transfer characteristics, namely the log mean temperature difference (ΔTLMTD) using the Taguchi and CFD methods. This study used a water flow rate (discharge) of 0.45 litre min−1, 0.9 litre min−1 and 1.35 litre min−1, which is modeled in a simulation using variations of 1 tube, 2 tubes, and 3 tubes. Numerical simulations were carried out using the CFD method from Ansys 14.5 and the Taguchi optimization from Minitab 19. The experimental results showed that the best performance for ΔTLMTD was 1.35 litre min−1 using NiO-Sintering nanofluid with 1 tube.
Two-phase SPH for sloshing simulation in prismatic tank
Authors: Trimulyono Andi , Chrismianto Deddy , Samuel  , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: March 2021

The sloshing phenomenon is one challenging event in fluid-structure interaction especially for the liquid carrier such as a ship. Sloshing can endanger ships when there is energetic sloshing with volatile liquid inside the tank. One of the LNG carriers is membrane type which the tank is prismatic. The study aims to reproduce long-duration sloshing using a prismatic tank. The particle method so-called smoothed particle hydrodynamics is used to deal with long-duration sloshing. To accommodate of experiment condition a two-phase SPH is used. To accelerate SPH computation, a GPU solver is used in this study. The hydrostatic pressure from SPH is compared with an analytic solution and dynamics pressure is compared with experimental data to validate the results. The result shows SPH has good accuracy for hydrostatic pressure and dynamics pressure shows a similar trend to experiment with spurious pressure. Finally, free surface deformation has a tendency similar to experiment with void of air trapped in the water that can capture by SPH.
Goose foot water turbine performance with variation of fins quantity and turbine depth using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Sihassaleh Pingkan , Ramadani  , Pribawanto Rofik , Habibie Abdurrahman Zaqi , Mauludi Muhammad Najib , Gemilang Yusuf Prasetyo , Al Fikkri Mochammad Fafa
Published: March 2021

Long-term electricity demand in Indonesia for the period 2003 to 2020 increased to 275 TWh. The demand for electricity in Java Island in the same period from 2003 to 2020 reached 200 TWh. Alternative and renewable energy is needed to support the electricity needs of the Indonesian. The potential for water energy is one of the alternative energies that can be maximized to obtain electrical energy, among others, it can be obtained from river water flow without falling heads or free water flow. A turbine innovation that can be used in rivers with free water flow is the goose foot water turbine. This research is focused on calculating the efficiency of the goose foot water turbine based on the variation of the number of fins and the depth of the turbine in order to obtain maximum performance. Performance analysis was conducted using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The CFD results show that the highest value is obtained at the number of blades is 6, the number is fins 17, and the turbine depth is 0.35 m, namely the highest torque is 1593 Nm, the highest rotational speed is 11,705 rpm, the highest power is 1951.602 W, and the highest efficiency of 86.738%.
Study on the inlet air velocity on the refrigerated container; comparison between flat floor and T-bar floor
Authors: Budiyanto Muhammad Arif , Suheriyanto Nadhilah
Published: March 2021

The use of refrigerated containers plays an important role in perishable food transportation. The refrigerated container functions as a carrier that keeps the object’s temperature fresh and even below freezing point. The distribution of air flow in the container is very important to ensure in maintaining the setting temperature. The aim of this paper is to study the inlet air velocity on the refrigerated container by simulation model. The analysis was carried out by comparing two geometric models of the container floor in the empty load condition, namely the flat floor and the T-bar floor. From the simulation results, the average inlet velocity of the refrigerated container with the T-Bar floor has a higher velocity than the flat floor. In this case, the airflow circulation on the refrigerated container of the T-bar floor and flat flow around 525 m3 h−1 and 314 m3 h−1, respectively. From this case study, it is found that the use of T-bar floors can increase airflow circulation approximately 26%.
Study on the effectiveness of a stern-foil on a multi-chine hulls
Authors: Budiyanto Muhammad Arif , Wibowo Hadi Tresno , Naufal Fadhil , Obindias Rizqy
Published: March 2021

One of the keys to minimizing a ship’s resistance is the application of a stern foil, which lifts the hull above the water’s surface, producing higher efficiency compared with a planning hull. The aim of this paper was to investigate the application of a stern foil on multi-chine hulls through experimental methods. The experiment was carried out using 0.75-meter ship models. The application of the stern foil using an asymmetrical National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) foil installed below the transom of a ship model and positioned parallel to the keel direction. The experiment was carried out with variations in the speed controls and hull loads. From the two variations of tested ship models showed the average ship-resistance reduction with application stern-foil on the multi-chine hulls is 41.2%, varies depending on speed and loading conditions.
Computational fluid dynamics heat transfer analysis of double pipe heat exchanger using nanofluid MnFe2O4 with ethylene glycol/water
Authors: Permanasari Avita Ayu , Rusli Muhammad Hilmi , Puspitasari Poppy , Sukarni Sukarni , Abdillah Mirza
Published: March 2021

The heat exchanger is an essential instrument in heat transfer. Various efforts have been carried out to improve heat transfer features. One of them is by adjusting the conventional cooling fluid using nanofluid. This study used MnFe2O4 nanoparticle along with fluid obtained from a mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and water. This research aims to identify heat transfer characteristics of a double pipe heat exchanger with MnFe2O4-EG/Water nanofluid using the CFD simulation method. The EG/Water mixture variation was 20, 40, 60, and 80% with MnFe2O4 concentration of 0.05%. Besides, the nanofluid flow was also varied by 0.2; 0.4; and 0.6 l min−1. The research results show that MnFe2O4 nanofluid effects on heat transfer characteristics encounter an increase following the rise of MnFe2O4 nanoparticle addition and higher water flow. In contrast, the addition of ethylene glycol carries a dreadful effect on this research. The improvement of heat transfer characteristic is hugely influenced by the increased thermal conductivity along with the addition of MnFe2O4 nanoparticle.
Reducing non-productive time of mud pump with acoustic emission monitoring techniques on fluid end parts
Authors: Hilmawan Hilman , Basri Hasan
Published: March 2021

This research conducted for overcoming the high non-productive time (NPT) damage of fluid end part mud pump in the drilling of PT. Pertamina PDSI Drilling Rig # 42.2/N1500-E Well SWI-001 at Pali, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to provide a solution for detecting early worn out of fluid end part with the innovation of the electric audio module (EAM), which is suitable for conditions in the field. This EAM works using the method of detecting acoustic emission signals from piezoelectric sensors that arise due to the movement of the drilling fluid and fluid end part in the mud pump module body. Then the emitted pulse is forwarded to the EAM, and the results give through two outputs, namely the spectrogram graphic and the acoustic emission sound that enlarged through headphones. The results of this EAM innovation can reduce the NPT in PDSI Rig # 42.3/N1500-E from 34.5 hours to 0 hours, and monitoring can be done remotely up to more than 50 meters no longer on the spot. The application of EAM in drilling rig implies a modification in the maintenance of a mud pump from breakdown to predictive maintenance. It supports the safety aspect considering monitoring which can perform remotely.
An experimental investigation of sea water distillation using flat absorber plate and fin absorber plate with PCM storage
Authors: Azis Ismayati Sutina , Himran Syukri , Jalaluddin  , Anis Ilahi Rahmadhani M.
Published: March 2021

The presented study investigates the experiment of the thermal performance of sea water solar distillation system using flat absorber plate and fin absorber plate with phase change material (PCM) storage. The two distillation systems operated simultaneously under the same conditions to study its thermal performances. The experimental investigation shows that the distillation using fin absorber plate with PCM storage achieves better thermal performance than that of using flat absorber plate. The daily water productivity of the distillation using fin absorber plate with PCM is 262.75 mL m−2 in average and the other one is 142.85 mL m−2 in average. The average daily efficiency increases of 48.5 % of the distillation using fin absorber plate with PCM storage compared with the distillation using flat absorber plate. Using absorber plate with fin and PCM storage in the distillation system contributes to increase the thermal performance of the system.
The effect of using jackfruit seed adhesives on the characteristics of corncob waste briquettes
Authors: Ghofur Abdul , Tamjidillah Mastiadi , Subagyo Rachmat , Irawansyah Herry , Hasan Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

To utilize it to be a useful fuel, corncob waste must be processed first, one of which is processed into briquettes. the use of jackfruit seed flour makes the water content and ash content of briquettes lower than using tapioca flour. The heating value of briquettes using jackfruit seed flour is also higher than using tapioca flour. This study aims to determine the effect of using jackfruit Seed adhesive on the characteristics of corncobs waste briquettes which include water content, ash content, volatile matter levels, and heat value. Knowing the characteristics of the best corncobs waste briquettes based on SNI standards. Corn cobs are first converted into charcoal by carbonization process after which the charcoal is mixed with an adhesive derived from jackfruit seed flour. Methods In this study, a mixture of corncob charcoal and jackfruit seed flour was 90%: 10%, 85%: 15%, and 80%: 20%. Then the mixture of charcoal and flour is printed with pressure variations of 100 kg cm−2, and 120 kg cm−2. Briquette characteristic parameters based on SNI 01-6235-2000 are water content, ash content, volatile matter content, and heating value. The results showed that the briquettes with the best characteristics were when variations in the composition of charcoal and jackfruit seed flour were 90%: 10%. The briquette has a characteristic water content of 7.01%, an ash content of 6.88%, volatile matter content of 17.89%, and a calorific value of 6241.81 cal g−1. Overall, the briquette still does not meet the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard because the briquette’s volatile matter level exceeds the specified maximum limit of 15%.
Determining firefly ideal parameter for tuning Kp, Ki, And Kd parameter in photovoltaic application
Authors: Ali Machrus , Nurohmah Hidayatul , Budiman  , Suyono Hadi , Muslim Muhammad Aziz , Safarudin Yanuar Mahfudz , Firdaus Aji Akbar
Published: March 2021

The Firefly Algorithm (FA) method is presented inspired by the social behavior of fireflies and the phenomenon of bioluminescent communication. There are three FA parameters used in the program, beta is used to determine firefly speed, alpha is used for flexibility of movement, and gamma is used for more complex constraints or problems. In this dual axis photovoltaic tracking study using the beta value determination. By changing the Bêta value from 0.1 to 0.9. From the results of 10 models, it was found that the PID constant values were varied. On the horizontal axis, the best results if the beta is given at 0.4 and the worst result if the beta is given at 0.8. On the vertical axis, the best results if the beta is given at 0.3 and the worst result if the beta is given at 0.8.
Assessment of combustion behaviour of carbonize bio-briquette wood residue under different pressure and particle size
Authors: Amrullah Apip , Syarif Akhmad , Fauzianur Ahmad
Published: March 2021

The effect of particle size distribution and compaction pressure of wood residues briquette was investigated. Starch was used as a binder. Concerning that the wood residues have valuable content namely lignin and cellulose, the wood have a high possibility to be modified as a biofuel. In this study, the wood residues (iron and gelam woods) were treated by drying, milling, and carbonization at 500 °C. The ratio between carbonize wood and binders was 20% of the weight. The briquette was manufactured at room temperature with different compaction pressure (10, 12, and 15 MPa) and particle size (40, 50, and 60 µm). The results revealed that the carbonize wood and the inorganic binder performed a good combination. The characteristics of wood residue briquette (WRB) during the first 50 min were higher burning temperature (180°C) for the 60 µm of particle size and 15 MPa of compaction pressure. The lowest water absorption value was 0.25% for the compacted at 15 MPa. Burning rate decreased follows the briquette compaction pressure (3.1 to 2.3 g min−1).
Optimizing production of biodiesel from Nyamplung oil with microwave power setting
Authors: Kurniati Sri , Nursalim  , Galla Wellem F. , Syam Sudirman
Published: March 2021

This experimental study examined the processing of biodiesel from Nyamplung oil by microwave power regulation. The aim is to optimize biodiesel yields based on the time process and heating temperature of 650 °C. A suitable method for analyzing biodiesel results is to set the 400 Watts microwave power to 10%, 30%, and 50% of the maximum power. In this process a 1% w/w KOH catalyst is used with a variety of molar ratios of oil-methanol such as 1:6, 1:9, and 1:12. The results showed that the 1:6 molar ratio is the highest percentage of biodiesel obtained with a variation of power of 10% or equal to 40W. The fastest time in this process is 10 minutes. In contrast, the 1:12 molar ratio is the lowest obtained percentage of biodiversity. The higher the temperature and the molar ratio used the fewer biodiesel products are obtained.
Carbon fibers recovery from CFRP recycling process and their usage: A review
Authors: Sukanto Heru , Raharjo Wijang Wisnu , Ariawan Dody , Triyono Joko
Published: March 2021

Carbon fiber is a popular polymer reinforcing material for forming carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) as a construction material under high loading. The use of this composite has spread in various fields of technology with a quite large production volume annually. Consequently, when the life span of the composite has run out it will leave composite waste and brought up CFRP recycling cases as a dare for scientists and engineers. Research on carbon fiber reclamation from CFRP materials has been carried out with the main purpose of taking and reusing carbon fiber. Several CFRP recycling methods have been investigated in laboratories and applied successfully to business but the capacity of production is not comparable with the addition of CFRP composite waste each year. High recycling energy is one of the main reasons constrained this waste recycling business. Recycled carbon fiber (r-CF) also shows a decrease in performance compared to virgin carbon fiber (v-CF) with a varied distribution of degradation according to the recycling method applied. However, reuse of r-CF in the form of short fibers in a composite materials under medium and low loads has been thoroughly tested and applied with promising results as a reinforcement for new composites
Clearance effect on the sheared edge characteristics of key chain cranioplasty plate in the punching process
Authors: Lubis Didin Zakariya , Suprayitno  , Asfani Khoiruddin , Cholif Arrahman Muhammad Baril
Published: March 2021

Punching process is a process to cut sheet metal by pressing the workpiece until it exceeds the elastic limit of the material. In this study, the researcher used the finite element method as a solution to a problem during the manufacturing process. This research simulated the punching process, particularly hole-making, in keychain cranioplasty product to obtain smoothest sheared edge characteristics by optimising the clearance amount variations. The product had 1.53 mm diameter and 0.6 mm thickness of titanium alloy plate. The analysis was performed using the finite element method with the support of ANSYS Explicit Dynamic software. During the punching process, the punching speed was 2600 mm/min. The results showed that reductions in clearance, below 2.5% clearance, produced rougher sheared edge. The higher clearance produce rougher sheared edge. The 2.5% clearance was the standard for a right sheared edge to make a hole in the keychain cranioplasty plate with 0.6 mm thickness.
Synthesis and characterization of CaCo3/CaO from Achatina fulica in various sintering time
Authors: Puspitasari Poppy , Fauzi Andre Faiz , Susanto Hendra , Permanasari Avita Ayu , Gayatri Rara Warih , Razak Jeefferie Abdul , Abdillah Pratama Muhammad Mirza
Published: March 2021

Snail shell is an abundance of waste in Indonesia, particularly from snail or Achatina fulica snail. Snail shell has high calcium content; thus, it can be used as an alternative replacement for CaO/CaCO3. This research aimed to make CaCO and CaO from the Achatina fulica snail shell waste as the base material of hydroxyapatite. The synthesis process of CaO/ CaCO3 used the ball milling method for 6 hours in various sintering temperature of 850 °C, 950 °C, 1050 °C. The synthesised samples were then characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD results showed the successful synthesis of snail shell waste into CaCO3 and CaO with the smallest particle size from each temperature variation were 17.60 nm, 30.16 nm, and 53.30 nm. The SEM images showed agglomeration and porosity in all samples. The EDX test results displayed the highest Ca (calcium) was found in the sample with 1050°C sintering temperature, and the highest O (oxygen) level was found in the sample with 850 °C sintering temperature. The FTIR test results presented the functional group transformation from CaCO3 into higher CaO along with the increase of the sintering temperature.
Simulation of manufacturing strategy of an orthotic boots shoe insole product with a Computer-Aided Manufacturing for club foot patient
Authors: Fergiawan P.K. , Anggoro P.W. , Anthony A.A. , Tauviqirrahman M. , Jamari  , Bayuseno A.P.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the design of orthotic boots in the club foot patient is investigated concerning the optimum condition of cutting parameters using computer-aided manufacturing. 3D CAD model insole is obtained from the scanning process until the design phase using reverse innovative design method. 3D CAD Model insole is designed using curve Base Modeling. From this design, simulated optimization can be obtained from Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). Optimal manufacturing time optimization is simulated on the CNC Milling machine with the Taguchi approach. Six selected parameters containing toolpath machining, feed rate, spindle speed, depth of cut, Cutter selection, and insole dimension size are of particular interest. It is found that the design layout L2736 gives the most optimal simulation manufacturing using toolpath strategy tep and shallow finishing with spindle speed 1500 rpm, STEPD down 3 mm, Step over 2 mm, and 2mm Cutter diameter, on the model tolerance size 0.75 mm.
An analysis of frictional coefficient and surface roughness in surface grinding of SKD 11 tool steel using Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) and dry techniques
Authors: Khoirul Effendi M. , Soepangkat Bobby O. P. , Noorcahyo Rachmadi , Made Londen Batan I , Wahyudi Arif , Harnany Dinny
Published: March 2021

This study was intended to investigate the effect of the cooling method (CM), workpiece speed (Vf), and depth of cut (doc) on frictional coefficient (FC) and surface roughness (SR) in the surface grinding of SKD 11 tool steel. CM consists of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and dry techniques. Power function was applied to model both FC and SR. Based on the analysis of the model, CM and VF significantly affected both responses, while doc influenced only FC. SEM photographs of the ground surfaces were also presented to compare the surface quality between MQL grinding and dry grinding.
BPNN-ACO application on minimization of hole delamination during GFRP drilling process
Authors: Norcahyo Rachmadi , Rokhmad Iqbal Faishal , Mahardika Muslim , Nugroho Gesang , Pramoedyo Soepangkat Bobby Oedy , Robbany Fathi
Published: March 2021

Delamination defects during the drilling process on the glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) have a great contribution to the component failure. Hence, it is necessary to properly choose the combination of machining variables to minimize hole entry delamination (EnDel) and hole exit delamination (ExDel) during drilling process simultaneously. This study underlines the modelling and minimizing the EnDel and hole ExDel during GFRP drilling process by combining a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method and ant colony optimization (ACO). The varied drilling parameters were type of drill point angle, feeding speed, and cutting speed. The optimum BPNN architecture could be obtained by using 3-4-2-5-8-2 network architecture with tansig activation function. The optimum GFRP drilling parameters that can minimize EnDel and ExDel simultaneously were 116° of drill point angle, 51.3 mm min−1 of feeding speed and 4975 rpm of spindle speed.
Electrode wear investigation on sinking-electrical discharge machining of Cu-electroplated Al: Discharge current and pulse-on time effect
Authors: Aji Pradana Yanuar Rohmat , Syamsudin Udin , Andoko  , Suyetno Agus , Bintara Redyarsa Dharma
Published: March 2021

Sinking-EDM is a non-conventional machine that utilizes electrical energy that is converted to thermal energy which can produce spark on gap between electrode and workpiece with flowed by dielectric fluid. The spark will produce an erosion and then transform to a crater that is effecting electrode and workpiece melt. It will decrease the mass of electrode during EDM machining until cause it worn down. The materials processed on EDM machine are Al and Cu-electroplated Al using CuCr electrodes. Cu-electroplated Al is a materials obtained from aluminium coated by Cu using electroplating in order to increase its electrical conductivity. Experimental method are used to pull up data, the parameter set are discharge current of 4, 7, 10 A and pulse-on time of 50, 75, 100 µs, while the result to be analyzed were electrode wear rate (EWR) and then did a comparison EWR by workpice material Al and Cu-electroplated Al in accordance set parameter are discharge current with value 7 A and pulse-on time with values 50 µs, 75 µs, 100 µs. An EWR value can be calculated by measuring the electrode weight loss during the EDM process with a digital scale. SEM test is carried out on the electrode that produces the lowest and highest EWR to clarify the phenomenom that occurs, and SEM test equipment are used to access electrode morphology of EWR results.The result showed that the higher the value of the discharge current used EWR would also be increase, while the higher pulse-on time value used EWR were decrease. The highest EWR occurs at parameter discharge current 10 A and pulse-on time 50 µs with a value of 0.478 mm3 min−1, while the lowest EWR occurs at parameter discharge current 4 A and pulse-on time 100 µs with a value of 0.008 mm3 min−1. The highest value in Cu-electroplated Al workpiece material with parameter discharge current 7 A and pulse-on time 50 µs is 0.119 mm3 min−1, while the highest EWR value in Al workpiece material with same cutting parameter is 0.068 mm3 min−1.
Depth estimation for a robotic arm based on monocular images
Authors: Alamsyah Fikrul Akbar , Cheng Chi-Cheng
Published: March 2021

Regaining depth information of objects from two-dimensional images is one of the fundamental issues and essential thing in the field of machine vision. There is a depth estimation method using non-inclined with forward movements that was already presented with feature extraction of image processing based on one direction only. This study proposes a depth estimation approach based on forward and backward movement with non-inclined and inclined orientations. Binary threshold will be used in this study to replace feature extraction. The study can approximate the most effective depth estimation using forward and backward movement in frame of non-inclined and inclined orientations. The images captured by an un-calibrated ordinary monocular camera mounted at the end effector of a robot arm. In this approach, the first image is captured and then the camera parameters remain unchanged. The second image is acquired after moving a distance d along the optical axis. Then image segmentation and binary threshold are implemented on the two images separately, and the numbers of black pixels in the images are counted. The experiments were carried out by simulations using webot software and python programming code. The results showed that the second position of the camera 0.1 meter from its first position demonstrated the best estimation performance, both for non-inclined and inclined movements, while the 0.01 meter distance resulted in the greatest error.