bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxation as An Instrument of Environmental Management and Sustainability in the Municipality
Authors: Terra Liliane Bonadio , Elias Fernando Lopes Ferraz
Published: November 2024

Objective: The objective of this work is to investigate taxation as an instrument of environmental management and sustainability of the municipality.
 
Theoretical Framework: Important principles and concepts that provide a solid basis for understanding the context of the research are highlighted: the principle of environmental defense and the concept of extrataxation, tax exemption and the social function of property.
 
Method: To this end, dogmatic-legal research was carried out, which sought to review the literature on the subject, through the reading of specific works on the subject and the research of doctrinal and legal sources based on scientific data and evidence.
 
Results and Discussion: Based on the implications and relationships identified in the study, it was obtained as a result that taxes, through their extra-fiscal function, can and should be used for sustainable development.
 
Research Implications: The results of this work can influence the environmental management of municipalities.
 
Originality/Value: The innovative approach to research contributes to the legal literature. The relevance of this article is evidenced by the impact of taxation on the sustainability of municipalities.
Ohmik Evaporasyon İşlemiyle Elde Edilen Dut Pekmezinde Renk Değerlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Ak Ferit , Sabancı Serdal
Published: November 2024

Evaporasyon işlemi sıvı gıda ürünü içerisinde bulunan suyun fiziksel olarak uzaklaştırılmasıdır. Bu işlemde geleneksel ısıtma teknikleri sonucunda istenmeyen bileşen oluşumu, kalite kaybı ve aroma kayıpları meydana gelmektedir. Bu nedenle gelişen teknoloji ile geleneksel gıda işlemi uygulamalarının yerini alternatif teknikler almaktadır. Bu tekniklerin başında ohmik ısıtma işlemi gelmektedir. Ohmik ısıtma işlemi iki elektrot arasında alternatif akım geçirilerek ürünün ısınma prensibine dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı üç farklı voltaj gradyanı kullanılarak elde edilen dut pekmezinin renk değerlerinin incelenmesidir. Örnekler ohmik evaporasyon işlemi ile üç farklı voltaj gradyanında atmosferik koşullar altında %22,2 Suda Çözünür Kuru Madde (SÇKM) içeriğinden %68 SÇKM değerine kadar evaporasyon işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Örneklere ait L*, a*, ve b* renk değerleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen L*, a*, ve b* değerlerinden beyazlık ve kahverengileşme gibi bazı renk indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Beyazlık indeksi (Bİ) ve kahverengileşme indeksi (Kİ) incelendiğinde, en yüksek değerler geleneksel yöntemde elde edilirken en düşük değerler 15 V/cm voltaj gradyanında elde edilmiştir. Toplam renk değişim değerinin 3,73-8,97 arasında değiştiği, en düşük renk değişim değerinin geleneksel yöntemle elde edildiği ve bu değerin yükselen voltaj gradyanı ile arttığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, dut pekmezi örnekleri renk değişimleri açısından incelendiğinde genel anlamda voltaj gradyanın artmasından olumsuz etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte fiziksel kalite değerlerinin başında yer alan renk değerleri bakımından nispeten daha düşük voltajlı ohmik evaporasyon işleminin kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Ankara’da Yerleşim Alanlarına Yakın Tarım Topraklarında Kobalt Kirlilik Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Demircan Ölmez Zeynep Rana , Kravkaz Kuşçu İnci Sevinç
Published: November 2024

Günümüzde şehirleşmenin artması ve şehir merkezlerinin genişlemesi, birçok kent merkezinde sanayi alanları, yerleşim alanları ve tarım alanlarının iç içe geçmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu durum tarım topraklarının antropojenik kirlilik kaynaklarından önemli ölçüde etkilenmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu toprakların kirlenmesi, gıda olarak tüketilen ürünler yetiştirildiğinde insan sağlığı açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. Bundan dolayı bu topraklar kirlilik yönünden kontrol edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada da Ankara İli Yenimahalle İlçesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan tarım topraklarında 20 farklı örnekleme istasyonundan, üç farklı toprak derinliğinden alınan topraklar numunelerinde, insan ve çevre sağlığı açısından en tehlikeli ve zararlı ağır metallerden olan kobalt (Co) konsantrasyonunun değişimi değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda ortalama Co konsantrasyonunun 0-15 cm derinlikteki topraklarda 14556,8 ppb, 15-30 cm derinliklerdeki topraklarda 15273,4 ppb ve 30-45 cm derinlikteki topraklarda 14761,1 ppb düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Lokasyon bazında en düşük değer 7348,3 ppb ile L1 lokasyonunda (yerleşim alanında açık alanda) belirlenirken en yüksek değer 23609,1 ppb ile L8 lokasyonunda (yerleşim alanında, sanayi bölgesine yakın açık alanda) elde edilmiştir.
«Grammar deviations » as a leading principle of Vladimir Kucheryavkin’s poetics and the «oriental» picture of the world in his work
Authors: Xu Shuang
Published: November 2024

The subject of the study are the poems of Vladimir Ivanovich Kucheryavkin. V. I. Kucheryavkin (1948) has been writing poems since 1970s, since 1980s he published in samizdat periodicals. Since 1994, several of his books have been published, mostly poetry collections ("Dance of the Dead Leg" 1994, "Tripod" 2001, "Into the Open Window" 2011, "To Yanzhou a Thousand Li" 2018 and others). The poems created from the 1990s to the 2010s were selected as the material for the study. The article considers representative artistic techniques of V. I. Kucheryavkin, i.e. - agrammatism. The so-called method of «slow reading» of the text, that in our case implies the linguistic evaluation, is are used. Methodologically, the author relies primarily on the works of Lyudmila I. Zubova. The novelty of the work is connected first of all with the that the work of the outstanding modern poet has been studied less than it deserves. As one of the main principles of his poetics, the article discusses «grammatical liberties», which were mentioned in criticism, but never became the object of any detailed and systematising description. Two types of grammatical "mistakes" in Kucheryavkin's texts are shown: shifting the ways of expressing animate and inanimate (i.e. the accusative case used instead of the genitive case indicates a shift from inanimate to animate, and the reverse situations, when the animate is grammatically formatted as inanimate) and the destruction of the hierarchy of objects, phenomena and actions — a hierarchy usually reflected in the structure of an utterance. Grammatical features (along with tropes and other techniques) participate in the formation of a special picture of the world, in which we find features similar to the image of the world in Eastern religious and philosophical systems.
Induced-Strain Actuators for Morphing of Multi-Element Airfoils
Authors: Wright Cody , Bilgen Onur
Published: November 2024

A multi-objective optimization framework is developed to examine the capabilities of surface-mounted piezocomposites for camber morphing of multi-element airfoils for various sizes of aircraft. A parameterized piezocomposite-actuated airfoil concept, along with associated modeling and analysis methods, is presented for determining the static aeroelastic response of a morphing multi-element airfoil. The optimization algorithm is also presented for determining airfoil parameters for meeting an arbitrary mission objective. The optimization capability is demonstrated using a multi-element airfoil to produce high-lift control surface geometries. A model-scale prototype is designed based on the optimization and fabricated for experimental testing to validate the design framework and provide confidence for full-scale analysis. Full-scale morphing capability is examined using commercially available piezocomposite actuators for a small passenger jet, clearly quantifying the limitations of induced-strain actuation at large aerodynamic loading and Reynolds numbers. Additional design optimizations are conducted and presented with a so-called “vision” actuator that is not available today; however, it may become available in the future. It is shown that strain-induced actuation for large aircraft may become reality in the future with reasonable developments in smart materials.
Building Public–Private Partnerships for Advanced Air Mobility Infrastructure Using Game Theory
Authors: Dulia Esrat Farhana , Shihab Syed A. M.
Published: November 2024

To operationalize advanced air mobility (AAM) and realize its potential market value, AAM infrastructure development is needed. However, the investment required for this often exceeds the individual capacity of state governments. The challenge for state governments lies in deciding whether they can independently invest in the entire infrastructure or whether they should form public–private partnerships (PPP) with private entities. To aid state governments and policymakers in making informed decisions on AAM infrastructure investment, we have devised two models: one without PPP, identifying the optimal timing for the state governments to independently invest in AAM infrastructure in specific cities over a given analysis horizon, and the other with PPP, focusing on resolving a PPP game for AAM infrastructure investment involving state governments and private investors. The PPP model addresses uncertainties and risks in AAM operations and allows renegotiation between investors in case of unexpected situations. The equilibrium solutions generated from the PPP model reveal optimal strategies for state governments and private investors. Results highlight the required investment amounts, the optimal investment times, and the investment returns for both players. Additionally, parametric analysis is conducted by varying critical parameters to observe how these variations affect outcomes for both investors.
Aerodynamic Measurements of Hypersonic Free-Flight via Optical Tracking and Bayesian State Estimation
Authors: Lock Andrew , Hack Flynn , Jahn Ingo , Armstrong Gerard , Birch Byrenn , Buttsworth David
Published: November 2024

Optical force and moment measurements of hypersonic free-flight can cover a range of attitudes during a single test and avoid difficulties encountered by alternative measurement techniques. However, the signal to noise ratio of image processing is often low, and results require significant smoothing for meaningful interpretation. This work presents a new method for such measurements in which a sigma-point Kalman filter and Rauch–Tung–Striebel smoother compute a state estimate at each time step using images from two or more high-speed camera images. Markers detected in each image are treated as individual system observations, so cameras need not be synchronized nor be viewing similar features. The benefits of this approach are demonstrated with experiments of a cube in Mach 6 flow in the University of Southern Queensland’s TUSQ wind tunnel. Measured aerodynamic coefficients show strong agreement to CFD simulations also conducted as part of this work; average differences are 1.7% and 7.8% of the maximum measured forces and moments, respectively. A discussion on factors influencing the accuracy, uncertainty, and resolution of the results provides guidance to further improve the method. Moreover, this method can be extended to more complex geometry representing space debris and hypersonic vehicles.
Thermal Loading on the Natural Frequencies of Postbuckled Clamped Circular Panels
Authors: Cervi Charles , Perez Ricardo , Virgin Lawrence
Published: November 2024

Given a constrained slender structure and subject to thermal loading, that is, relative to ambient conditions and any support structure, a reduction in stiffness not only leads to buckling, but also has a strong effect on the natural frequencies of the system. One of the simplest structural forms is a thin circular panel, clamped around its perimeter, and the current paper focuses attention on such a system. A key aspect of this work is the extraction of sets of natural frequencies throughout the buckling process, with a primary focus on experimentally measured frequencies. Given the cyclically symmetric nature of the system, there are also some interesting observations concerning the changing vibration mode shapes as a function of thermal loading, and more clearly in the postbuckling regime. Another novel aspect of this research is an additional focus on the characterization of snap-through between postbuckled equilibrium configurations and its influence on the natural frequencies. That is, thermally buckled panels often possess multiple equilibrium configurations (bistability), with some characteristic transitions (both naturally occurring and forced) between them. Three panels are tested, consisting of two different materials (aluminum and brass) and two different thicknesses.
A comprehensive review of rehabilitation strategies post-orthopedic intervention in pediatric cerebral palsy
Authors: Al Shami Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Cerebral palsy (CP) often requires orthopedic surgery to address musculoskeletal issues such as contractures and joint dislocations. Effective post-surgery rehabilitation is crucial for improving functional outcomes and quality of life in pediatric CP patients. This narrative review identifies and evaluates rehabilitation strategies for post-orthopedic surgery in children with CP. A search of databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library) focused on articles from the past 20 years using keywords such as “cerebral palsy,” “pediatric rehabilitation,” “post-orthopedic surgery,” and “functional outcomes.” Key rehabilitation components include pre-surgical preparation, acute post-surgical management, sub-acute interventions, and long-term maintenance. Evidence highlights the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach involving physical and occupational therapy. Functional improvements are measured using tools such as the gross motor function measure and the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory. Effective rehabilitation for pediatric CP patients requires a tailored, multidisciplinary approach. Best practices include early mobilization, personalized exercises, and long-term strategies. Future research should optimize protocols and explore innovative techniques to enhance outcomes.
Gölsel Seviye Değişimleri ve Volkanizmanın, Eşzamanlı Oluşan Traverten ve Tufalar Üzerine etkileri; Heybeli Traverten ve Tufaları (Adilcevaz, Bitlis) / Effects of lacustrine level changes and volcanism on synchronously-formed travertines and tufas; Heybeli travertines and tufas (Adilcevaz, Bitlis)
Authors: Yeşilova Çetin , Aranlı Bilal
Published: November 2024

Heybeli Traverten ve Tufaları, Van Gölünün kuzeyinde, Heybeli Köyü ile Van Gölü arasında kalan bölgede yüzeylemektedir. Tabanda 55 m traverten istifi bulunurken, bu travertenlerin üzerine 21 m kalınlığında tufa istifi gelmektedir. Yapılan arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucunda Heybeli traverten ve tufaları, breşik-litoklastlı fasiyes, kristalin kabuk fasiyesi, çalı tipi fasiyes, sal tipi fasiyes, gaz boşluklu fasiyes, fitoherm çatıtaşı fasiyesi, fitoherm bağlamtaşı fasiyesi ve mikritik tufa fasiyesi olmak üzere 8 fasiyese ayırtlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen veriler, traverten ve tufaların oluşumları ve gelişimleri sürecinde, tektonizma, volkanizma ve göl seviye değişimlerinin etkin rol oynadığını göstermektedir.
Ammonia Emissions from Swiss Agriculture and their Effects on Atmospheric Chemistry and Ecosystems
Authors: Ammann Christof , Valach Alex
Published: November 2024

Ammonia (NH3) is an important atmospheric pollutant due to its contribution to secondary inorganic aerosol formation and its deposition and impacts on (semi-)natural ecosystems. Therefore various efforts have been made to limit emissions to the atmosphere. The predominant emission source in Switzerland is livestock agriculture, wherein NH3 is volatilised from ammonium contained in animal manure. While modelled NH3 emissions based on agricultural activity data indicate a minor decrease since 2000, concentration measurements do not reflect this trend. This can at least partly be attributed to a decline in the transformation of NH3 to particulate ammonium due to significantly decreased emission of oxidised nitrogen and sulfur compounds in the past decade. The partitioning between the gaseous and the particulate phase also determines the deposition pathway (dry or wet deposition) and thus the average lifetime and transport distance in the atmosphere. Gaseous NH3 is subject to fast dry deposition and is deposited preferentially to ecosystems close to the source. Once deposited into an ecosystem, NH3 leads to eutrophication and acidification of water and soils, which change the plant community composition and microbial functioning, especially in N-sensitive ecosystems. Although NH3 can also cause direct toxicity to plants, assessments of ecosystem impacts are generally collated using the critical load approach, which includes the input of all N compounds. These reveal that in 2020, 87% of forests, 94% of raised bogs, 74% of fens, and 42% of dry mountain grasslands likely experienced adverse impacts from N exceedances in Switzerland. To improve this situation, considerable NH3 emission abatement efforts are needed in the future.
A New Era for Peptide Therapeutics: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Grob Nathalie M.
Published: November 2024

Peptide drugs are experiencing a renaissance driven by technological breakthroughs and the success of recent blockbuster drugs. A versatile peptide chemistry toolbox, modern synthesis techniques, and powerful discovery platforms are addressing many inherent roadblocks in peptide drug discovery and development allowing complex diseases to be targeted with high specificity and efficacy. As we enter a new era, peptide drugs are well suited to pursue inherently challenging, underrepresented targets and provide innovative treatment options.
Systematic Development of Peptide-Based Biostimulants from Whey Protein Hydrolysates
Authors: Andlauer Wilfried , Nicolet Nancy , Bocquel Dimitri , Alfonso Esteban , Rienth Markus , Brück Wolfram M.
Published: November 2024

Due to global warming, agricultural production systems are exposed to increasing abiotic stresses, which threaten an economically and environmentally sustainable food production. Innovative environmentally friendly solutions are needed to cope with climate-related risks and to reduce the use of high amounts of synthetic agrochemicals. A promising solution to foster sustainable agriculture involves the use of biostimulants. This strategy, however, is not adopted by the industry to a great degree due to the scarce number of reproducible effects observed in published studies as well as the lack of fundamental knowledge about their mode of action. Biostimulants are substances that positively impact plant physiology by enhancing growth, improving fruit quality, and increasing stress resilience. Among these, protein hydrolysates stand out as a particularly promising category. However, their precise mechanisms of action and the optimal conditions for their application are still not fully understood. This project aims to develop peptide-based biostimulants in a reproducible manner, ensuring their availability for use in plant model systems under strictly controlled conditions. To achieve this, various protein hydrolysates will be produced through the enzymatic hydrolysis of whey, a by-product of cheese production. These hydrolysates will be employed in subsequent studies within plant model systems.
»Wir tun das aus Überzeugung«
Authors: König Stefan
Published: November 2024

Das Interview mit Rudolf Meister führte Stefan König
Comment la morphologie de l’émission principale aurorale UV de Jupiter réagit-elle aux conditions changeantes dans la magnétosphère ?
Authors: Head Linus A.
Published: November 2024

The ultraviolet aurorae of Jupiter, the brightest in the Solar System, are known to be of variable morphology. It is not entirely understood how this morphology varies with conditions present in Jupiter’s extensive magnetosphere, such as its state of compression. This work presents the first use of automatic detection techniques to analyse the morphology of Jupiter’s UV main auroral emission and link it with the state of the magnetosphere. A new reference oval for the average shape of the main emission is produced for the northern and southern hemisphere, based on images taken by Juno-UVS during its first 54 perijoves. A strong correlation is observed between the expansion/contraction of the main emission compared to these reference ovals in the northern and southern hemispheres, as well as between the main-emission expansion/contraction in the day and night hemispheres of the aurora, which indicates that the processes that work to vary the size of the main emission do so in a global way within the magnetosphere. The equatorward expansion also shows excellent correlation between with the equatorward latitudinal shift of the discrete aurora emission linked to Ganymede and the strength of the current in the magnetospheric current sheet, indicating that it is largely the stretching of the magnetic field of Jupiter that gives rise to the variable size of the main emission. Finally, compression of the magnetosphere is linked to a global main-emission contraction, one that occurs concurrently in both the north, south, day-side, and night-side hemispheres of the aurora, albeit to different extents. In all, these results indicate that the expansion or contraction of the UV main emission can be linked to a number of changes in the state of Jupiter’s magnetosphere and magnetic field.
ТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ФАЗОВОЙ ДИАГРАММЫ МЕТОДАМИ ВПА. ДТА И РФА
Authors: А.А. Байсангурова , З.С. Хасбулатова , М.Х. Мутузова
Published: November 2024

Изучена и построена фазовая диаграмма двухкомпонентной системы K2O - WO3. Выявлено, что она характеризуется образованием нового соединения K2WO4, состав которого идентифицирован РФА, плавится конгруэнтно при температуре 926 °C. Определены координаты двух эвтектик. Система характеризуется неограниченной растворимостью компонентов в жидкой фазе и абсолютной нерастворимостью в твердой фазе.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ДИСКРЕТНОСТИ ГРАНИЧНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ ПО ВРЕМЕНИ НА РАСЧЕТ ВЛАЖНОСТИ ПОЧВЫ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МОДЕЛИ HYDRUS-1D
Authors: А.В. Кожунов , А.Г. Болотов , Н.А. Хархардинов
Published: November 2024

Показано, что при моделировании режима послойной объемной влажности почвы на различных глубинах почвенного профиля посредством динамической прогнозной модели HYDRUS-1D точность совпадения расчетной и измеренной / интерполированной по времени влажности почвы зависит от периода осреднения измеренных метеорологических данных, а также от дискретности вводимых в модель значений уровня грунтовых вод. Моделирование проводилось при использовании атмосферного граничного условия с поверхностным стоком на верхней границе и условия переменного напора на нижней границе профиля почвы. Использовались следующие варианты верхнего граничного условия. Суточные метеоданные: режим влажности почвы моделировался в дни определения уровня грунтовых вод (УГВ) (1) и в последние дни декад (2). Среднедекадные (3) и среднемесячные метеоданные (4): влажность почвы моделировалась в последние дни декад и месяцев. Большинство метеопараметров осредня-лось за каждую декаду и каждый месяц, а осадки суммировались за эти же периоды. При использовании нижнего граничного условия значения УГВ вводились с различной дискретностью - за каждые сутки (декаду, месяц) расчетного периода (А) и только в дни измерения УГВ (Б). Отсутствующие значения реальной влажности почвы получены методом линейной интерполяции по времени между измеренными значениями влажности почвы для каждой 10-сантиметровой глубины. При разной дискретности значений УГВ расчетная объемная влажность почвы уменьшается при моделировании по вариантам 1Б, 2Б, 3Б, 4Б, по сравнению с влажностью почвы, полученной при использовании вариантов 1А, 2А, 3А, 4А. Это подтверждают рассчитанные коэффициенты - среднеквадратическая ошибка и коэффициент остаточной массы, отражающие величину и характер расхождений между расчетной и измеренной/интерполированной по времени влажностью почвы, а также коэффициент эффективности модели. Периоды нахождения почвы в состоянии полной влагоемкости получаются меньшими при моделировании по вариантам группы Б и большими при использовании вариантов группы А. Ошибка модели ниже на большинстве глубин в первом случае и выше - во втором случае. При одинаковой дискретности значений УГВ моделирование по вариантам 2, 3, 4 обеих групп приводит к увеличению расчетной влажности почвы, а значит к увеличению ошибок моделирования. Причем с ростом глубины почвенного профиля период нахождения почвы в состоянии полной влагоем-кости увеличивается. Дискретность задания нижнего граничного условия в виде уровня грунтовых вод весьма существенно влияет на точность совпадения расчетной и измеренной / интерполированной влажности почвы, что необходимо учитывать при моделировании режима влажности полугидроморфных почв гумидной зоны.
ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТИПЫ БЕРЕГОВ ОСТРОВА ШИКОТАН (ЮЖНЫЕ КУРИЛЬСКИЕ ОСТРОВА)
Authors: М.А. Кузнецов
Published: November 2024

Шикотан находится в южной части Курильских островов, это крупнейший по площади остров Малой Курильской гряды. На острове отсутствуют активные вулканы, однако он находится в 9-балльной сейсмической зоне, случаются сильные землетрясения и цунами. В 2022 году на основе полевого исследования рельефа береговой зоны острова и дешифрирования космических снимков проведена типизация берегов в крупном масштабе, разработана морфолитогенетическая классификация берегов и составлена карта типов берегов (1:100000). Выполнено геоморфологическое описание и профилирование берегов и морских террас. Установлено наличие трех типов берегов.
ОБЪЕКТЫ ПРИРОДНО-РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО КАРКАСА
Authors: А.Г. Горецкая , М.В. Слипенчук , В.А. Топорина
Published: November 2024

В условиях мегаполиса необходимо детальное изучение природных ландшафтов и рекреационных территорий, позволяющее составить представление о функционировании природно-рекреационного каркаса (ПРК) города. Выявление особенностей объектов ПРК целесообразно проводить с учетом особенностей сохранившихся природных территорий с естественной растительностью.
ОБОБЩЕННЫЙ АЛГОРИТМ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ЗАМЕТАЮЩИХ КРИВЫХ
Authors: А.А. Башков
Published: November 2024

В статье предложен подход к построению кривых, заметающих пространство. Подход позволяет конструировать кривые, обладающие высокой степенью локальности (в случае с двумерным пространством, чем ближе индекс области на кривой, тем ближе они и на заметаемой плоскости). Заметаемая область может иметь форму отличную от квадрата: в общем случае она состоит из квадратов. Также можно выбирать требуемый порядок обхода квадратных ячеек внутри заметаемой области.
Estimation of Active Power Loss Due to Supraharmonics in a 22 kV Transmission Line
Authors: L.I. Kovernikova , Ngoc Hung Bui
Published: November 2024

Power systems in Vietnam's coal mining industrial areas supply power of inferior quality. Supraharmonic voltages and currents in power grids serving electric energy to open-cut coal mines were detected by measuring power quality indicators and operating parameters in the power grid serving electric energy to the open-pit coal mine and coal screening plant operated by "Cua Ong-Vinacomin" company. The active powers of harmonics and supraharmonics do not produce any useful work. They induce extra loss of active power. Coal mining and coal processing companies pay for the loss, which results in diminished rate of return for them. This paper offers a review of published research on the topic. It presents the results of measuring the operating parameters and power quality indicators for non-sinusoidal conditions at the point connecting a 22 kV power line to the power system that serves electric energy to an open-pit coal mine and coal screening plant. The active power loss caused by supraharmonics is calculated and analyzed.
FACTS Devices to Ensure Operational Reliability of Modern Power Systems
Authors: E.V. Kosmina , N.V. Tomin
Published: November 2024

The paper examines current issues related to the stability and reliability of power supply in the context of an increasing share of renewable energy sources (RES). Particular attention is paid to operational reliability and voltage regulation during power fluctuations, which is a key aspect for stable operation of electrical networks incorporating distributed RES. The first part of the work analyzes the application of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) devices in modern distribution networks. The critical factors related to voltage regulation under power fluctuations, essential for maintaining operational reliability, are discussed. In particular, the functional limitations of traditional regulators for voltage control in electrical networks with a large number of distributed RES and flexible loads are analyzed. The second part of the paper focuses on developing the backward/forward method for calculating power flows in distribution networks integrating wind farms. The methodology allows more accurate modeling of dynamic processes in the network and assessment of their impact on voltage and other electrical parameters. The experimental study has revealed that such FACTS devices as static VAR compensator and STATCOM effectively manage automatic online voltage regulation in the distribution network, which is particularly significant given stochastic fluctuations in active power caused by the operation of wind farms.
Разработка алгоритма многоклассового классификатора системы федеративного обучения, функционирующей в условиях неполноты классов локальных классификаторов
Authors: Михалев П.А. , Куцакин М.А. , Карамыхова О.В.
Published: November 2024

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью решения задачи обучения моделей многоклассовых классификаторов, используемых в структуре системы федеративного машинного обучения, оперирующей обучающей выборкой данных, которая содержит как общедоступные данные, так и конфиденциальные данные, формирующие скрытые классы. Подобная проблема возникает в условиях обучения классификатора с использованием выборки данных, часть из которых состоит из персональной информации или данных различной степени конфиденциальности. В связи с этим данная статья направлена на исследование особенностей модели гауссовой смеси распределений как способа представления скрытых классов, представляющих конфиденциальные данные, а также обоснование выбора алгоритмического метода нахождения оценок максимального правдоподобия ее параметров. Ведущим методом решения проблемы идентификации параметров скрытых классов является обоснованно выбранная двухэтапная итерационная процедура «ожидание-максимизация» (EM-алгоритм), обеспечивающая усиление связи между пропущенными (конфиденциальными) данными и неизвестными параметрами модели данных, представленной гауссовой смесью распределений. В статье представлена схема разработанного алгоритма многоклассового классификатора системы федеративного машинного обучения, представленная параллельно выполняющимися циклами формирования локальных моделей обучения и их последующего ансамблирования в глобальную модель обучения.

The relevance of research is due the need to solve the problem of training multi-class classifier models used in federated machine learning system structure operating with a training data set that contains both publicly available data and confidential data that forming hidden classes. A similar problem arises in the context of training a classifier using a training data set, some of which consists of personal information or data of varying degrees of confidentiality. In this regard, this article is aimed at researching the features of the Gaussian mixture model of distributions as a way of representing hidden classes representing confidential data, as well as justifying the choice of an algorithmic method for finding maximum likelihood estimates of its parameters. The main method for solving the problem of identifying the parameters of hidden classes is a reasonably chosen two-stage iterative expectation-maximization procedure (EM-algorithm), which ensures strengthening the relationship between missing (confidential) data and unknown parameters of the data model represented by a Gaussian mixture of distributions. The article presents a diagram of the developed algorithm of a multi-class classifier for federated machine learning system, represented by parallel cycles of forming local learning models and their ensemble into a global learning model.
التحليل المكاني للتوسع العمراني في محافظة بقعاء باستخدام تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية خلال الفترة (2000م - 2022م)
Authors: الشمري سهام ساير , الشمري هيفاء حمود
Published: November 2024

يشير النمو العمراني إلى جملة التطور الذي تعيشه الشعوب والأمم نتيجة لتطورها وتقدمها، فهو المنظم للعلاقات الاجتماعية والخدمية، وقد تطورت المملكة العربية السعودية عبر تاريخها الحديث في عصر النماء بشكل متسارع وكان هذا التطور على كافة الأصعدة ومنها العمران وقد شكلت محافظة بقعاء جزءاً منه إذ تحولت من مجرد بيوت قديمة إلى مدينة وحاضرة إدارية وخدمية. تنظر الدراسة الحالية إلى واقع التطور العمراني الذي مرت به محافظة بقعاء في منطقة حائل خلال الفترة من عام 2000م إلى عام م2022م باستخدام أدوات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية والاستشعار عن بعد وباستخدام المناهج العلمية التاريخي والوصفي والتحليلي لتحقيق هذا الهدف يأتي البحث في عدة فصول يتحدث فيها عن أسباب النمو العمراني ومحدداته البشرية والطبيعية بالإضافة إلى دراسة تغيير استعمالات الأرض في محافظة بقعاء وتحديد اتجاهات النمو فيها خلال فترة الدراسة باستخدام برنامج   ArcGIS 10.8  وتحليلها واستخراج النتائج. لقد أظهر البحث تطور محافظة بقعاء مِن مجموعة من تجمع حضري صغير إلى حاضرة إدارية للمنطقة وبنسبة زيادة وصلت إلى حوالي 58% في السنوات العشر الأخيرة من الدراسة كما تم تحديد اتجاهات التطور العمراني فيها بشكل موازي للطريق السريع باتجاه حائل وأيضا في المناطق التي تم الاهتمام بها من قبل وزارة الشؤون البلدية والقروية والإسكان في بقعاء الشرقية. كما حدد مساحة العمران في كل مرحلة وحدد الأحياء التي ظهرت في كل منها وبذلك شكل قاعدة بيانات علمية تسهم في مساعدة أصحاب القرار على وضع الخطط التنظيمية السليمة والفعالة بما يصل لتحقيق أهداف الرؤية لعام 2030م.
دور مبعوثي الأمم المتحدة في مناطق النزاع - دراسة حالة (دارفور) (2003-2024)
Authors: أبو رمان حمزة خلف
Published: November 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى استكشاف دور مبعوثي الأمم المتحدة في منطقة النزاع دارفور خلال الفترة من 2003 إلى 2024، استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واعتمدت على المسح الاجتماعي لجمع البيانات من مجموعة متنوعة من المحللين والخبراء لتقييم فعالية المبعوثين في دارفور، أظهرت النتائج أن تدخلات الأمم المتحدة، على الرغم من كونها محدودة الفعالية بسبب التحديات السياسية والمالية، قد أسهمت بشكل ملموس في تحسين الوضع الإنساني ودعم جهود السلام. ومع ذلك، ما زال الصراع قائمًا بسبب استمرار المشكلات الداخلية والخارجية، وأكدت نتائج الدراسة على الدور الأساس الذي لعبه مبعوثو الأمم المتحدة في التوسط ودعم الجهود الإنسانية، وكشفت أيضًا عن وجود فجوات بين الأهداف الموضوعة والإنجازات المحققة، مما يشير إلى تحديات كبيرة تتمثل في القيود اللوجستيّة ونقص الدعم المستمر من الجهات الدولية. أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تعزيز آليات التنسيق وتحسين الإستراتيجيات الدبلوماسية والإنسانية لتحقيق تأثير أكثر استدامة في المنطقة، والحث على ضرورة توفير المزيد من الموارد المالية والبشرية لدعم جهود هؤلاء المبعوثين.
Linker-Mediated Domain Separation Enhances Cold Adaptation in Cellulases
Authors: Ge Robbie , Ding Ning , Jiang Yaoyukun , Yang Zhongyue J.
Published: November 2024

Cold-adapted cellulases are crucial for reducing energy demands in industrial processes by enabling efficient cellulose saccharification at lower temperatures. However, the structural basis of cold adaptation in bidomain cellulases remains poorly understood. Our prior studies on bidomain amylases suggest the hypothesis that a greater degree of domain separation is linked to improved cold adaptation. Here, we investigated the hypothesis in the bidomain cellulase Cel5G and its linker-modified variants through molecular dynamics simulations. Domain separation, quantified by domain separation index (DSI), positively correlates with catalytic efficiency at 10°C, meaning that Cel5G variants with a greater DSI demonstrates a higher activity. Structural analyses show that disulfide-bonded loops are pivotal to maintain a high population of extended conformations that involve a greater DSI and reduced interdomain hydrogen bonding (H-bonding). Besides serving as a spacer, linkers in bidomain enzymes can also modulate the active site through dynamic allostery, fine-tuning the frequency of H-bond interactions to influence catalytic residues’ capability of binding or reacting to the substrate. Overall, this study enhances our structural and dynamics-based understanding of cold adaptation of bidomain enzymes and provide a new strategy for cold-adapted enzyme engineering.
On the Hidden Transient Interphase in Metal Anodes: Dynamic Precipitation Controls Electrochemical Interfaces in Batteries
Authors: Fuller Stephen , Zheng Kent
Published: November 2024

The Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) formed on a battery electrode has been a central area of research for decades. SEI consists of a variety of byproducts generated by spontaneous and electrochemical decomposition of the electrolyte. This thin, structurally complex layer profoundly impacts the electrochemical deposition morphology and stability of the metal in battery anodes. Departing from conventional approaches, we investigate metal dissolution—the reverse reaction of deposition—in battery environments using a state-of-the-art electroanalytical system combining a rotating-disk electrode and in-operando visualization. Our key finding is the presence of a Transient Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (T-SEI) that forms during fast discharging at high dissolution rates. We attribute T-SEI formation to transient local supersaturation and resultant electrolyte salt deposition. The T-SEI fundamentally alters the dissolution kinetics at the electrochemical interface, leading to a self-limiting morphological evolution and eventually yielding a flat, clean surface. Unlike a classical SEI formed due to electrolyte decomposition, the T-SEI is fully “relaxable” upon removal of the enforced dissolution current; That is, the T-SEI completely dissolves back into the electrolyte when rested. The formation of T-SEI, surprisingly, plays a critical role in the subsequent electrodeposition. When the metal is redeposited on a fully relaxed T-SEI surface, the morphology is remarkably different from that deposited on pristine or low-rate discharged metal electrodes. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis suggests a homoepitaxial relationship with the original grains in the electrode. This is in stark contrast to the isolated, particulate nuclei seen on standard metal electrodes without T-SEI formation. Using 3D profilometry, we observe a 42% reduction in surface roughness due to T-SEI formation. Our findings provide important insights into the electrochemical kinetics at the metal-electrolyte interface, particularly in concentrated or “water-in-salt” electrolytes that are close to the salt saturation limit. The results suggest a new dimension for electrochemical engineering in next-generation batteries cycled at high rates.
Integrating Scientific Visualization in the Assessment of Openfoam Solvers for the Flow Around a Spherically Blunted Cone
Authors: Bondarev A.E. , Kuvshinnikov A.E.
Published: November 2024

This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of four OpenFOAM solvers for simulating supersonic flow around a Spherically Blunted Cone. Utilizing the generalized computational experiment technique, we evaluated solver performance across varying Mach numbers and cone half-angles. The research aimed to provide clear recommendations for solver selection in high-speed flow simulations. Results show that rhoCentralFoam exhibited the lowest deviation from the exact solution, followed closely by pisoCentralFoam. The sonicFoam solver demonstrated limitations at higher Mach numbers. The QGDFoam solver, while showing promise, requires further optimization of its smoothing parameter for improved accuracy. This study offers valuable insights for OpenFOAM users, enabling them to make informed decisions when choosing solvers for compressible gas dynamics problems.
An Approach to Developing Data Visualization Tools Based on Domain Specific Modeling
Authors: Dzheiranian A. D. , Ermakov I. D. , Proskuryakov K. A. , Lyadova L. N.
Published: November 2024

An approach to the development of data visualization tools is described that provides the ability to customize to the needs of users and the specifics of the domains in which they work, based on domain-specific modeling. The results of the analysis of data visualization tools and the possibility of customizing them to subject area based on the needs of users and the tasks they solve are briefly presented. It is shown that existing tools require programming skills from users to customize the data visualization format or to develop new visualization models. It is proposed to use domain-specific modeling tools (language toolkits) to create domain-specific languages (DSL) designed to develop new data visualization models that reflect the specifics of the tasks solved by users. The use of the developed tools does not require users to have professional knowledge of programming languages. The architecture of a knowledge-driven software system is described. The core of the system is a multifaceted ontology, which includes descriptions of languages and domains, as well as rules for generating new languages and transforming constructed models. Languages are designed to describe different classes of diagrams. The system includes tools for automating the creation of new DSLs by mapping the domain ontology onto the metamodel of the base language according to user-specified rules, which are also stored in the ontology. The classification of different types of diagrams forms the basis for creating an ontology of data visualization languages. An example of a basic language for creating diagrams is described. The ability to customize the DSL and transform visualization models developed with its help and generate code that implements the model is demonstrated. It is shown how interactive visualization can be created on the basis of the developed metamodels, extending the possibilities of visualizing large structured data.
Development and Application of Algorithms of Video Stream Filtering and Processing on Programmable Logic Integrated Circuits FPGA
Authors: Salkov Yu.A. , Tretiyakova O.N. , Tuzhilin D. N.
Published: November 2024

The paper is devoted to the details of implementation of machine vision algorithms on FPGA. The algorithms were implemented using the Vitis HLS high-level synthesis tool. The main parameter in the realization of the algorithms is speed; since it is necessary to proceed processing of the incoming video stream with minimum delay.
Visualization Methods of Vortex Structures Acting on the Wing in High-Speed Flows
Authors: Konstantinovskaya T.V. , Borisov V.E. , Lutsky A.E.
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the use of vortex structures scientific identification and visualization methods in analyzing the effects of these structures on the wing at an angle of attack in supersonic flows. The results of applying the methods of scientific identification and visualization of vortex flows for the analysis and processing of numerical data of supersonic flow are presented. In the considered problem, the generator wing and the main wing are located at an angle of attack of 20° degrees to the incoming flow. Two configurations with different length of the vortex generator are considered. The simulation was carried out using URANS equations. Numerical simulations were performed on the hybrid supercomputer system K-60 at the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The scientific visualization of the simulation results was carried out primarily using the Liutex vortex structures identification criterion, which belongs to the third generation of such methods. And this method was effectively complemented and enhanced by the use of other methods.
Teaching Reform and Practice of Data Structure Course Based on Smart Teaching Platform
Authors: Liu Hui , Yin Fangping , Ai Liefu , Cheng Yusheng
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, smart teaching platforms have become important tools for higher education teaching reform. As a core course of computer science and technology-related majors in higher education, the data structure course lays a solid foundation for students’ professional learning and plays an important role in promoting their future success in technology, research, and industry. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the pain points faced by the data structure course, and explores a teaching reform and practice of integration of theory and practice based on the system application of a smart teaching platform before class, during class, and after class. The reform practice shows that this teaching mode improves students’ learning initiative, learning motivation, and practical skills. Students not only achieved better results in knowledge mastery but also significantly improved in problem analysis and solution.
A Study on Introducing Logical Symbols with Stories to Improve Critical Thinking with a Comparative Experiment
Authors: Wu Jingwen , Weng Xinyi
Published: November 2024

Critical thinking is becoming more and more important in modern society. Logical thinking is one of the core abilities of critical thinking. However, teaching logic to children faces some challenges especially when introducing logical symbols such as the implication symbol. Using stories to introduce logical symbols will address this problem and improve critical thinking.
Construction of the “Micro-Ideological and Political” Model for Ideological and Political Teaching Reform in Bidding and Contract Management Courses
Authors: Xia Dongchun
Published: November 2024

In the context of deepening educational reforms, the significance of ideological and political education has become increasingly prominent, emerging as a crucial aspect of enhancing students’ comprehensive qualities. To ensure the orderly progress of ideological and political education in courses, it is essential to actively promote the integration of ideological and political elements within coursework. This integration aims to align professional course education with ideological and political education, fostering a collaborative educational model. Therefore, in the teaching of bidding and contract management courses, constructing a “micro-ideological and political” teaching model has emerged as a critical component. The implementation of this model facilitates the seamless integration of bidding and contract management coursework with ideological and political education, thereby elevating the teaching quality of these courses. Additionally, it leverages the synergistic role of coursework and ideology in educating students, ultimately enhancing the quality and level of talent cultivation. Hence, this paper proposes strategies for constructing a “micro-ideological and political” model within the context of ideological and political teaching reforms in bidding and contract management courses, inviting discussion and exchange on this topic.