bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Staphylococcus aureus in a Medium Mimicking a Diabetic Foot Environment
Authors: Pouget Cassandra , Gustave Claude-Alexandre , Ngba-Essebe Christelle , Laurent Frédéric , Lemichez Emmanuel , Tristan Anne , Sotto Albert , Dunyach-Rémy Catherine , Lavigne Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogen isolated from diabetic foot infections (DFIs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate its behavior in an in vitro model mimicking the conditions encountered in DFI. Four clinical S. aureus strains were cultivated for 16 weeks in a specific environment based on the wound-like medium biofilm model. The adaptation of isolates was evaluated as follows: by Caenorhabditis elegans model (to evaluate virulence); by quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) (to evaluate expression of the main virulence genes); and by Biofilm Ring test® (to assess the biofilm formation). After 16 weeks, the four S. aureus had adapted their metabolism, with the development of small colony variants and the loss of β-hemolysin expression. The in vivo nematode model suggested a decrease of virulence, confirmed by qRT-PCRs, showing a significant decrease of expression of the main staphylococcal virulence genes tested, notably the toxin-encoding genes. An increased expression of genes involved in adhesion and biofilm was noted. Our data based on an in vitro model confirm the impact of environment on the adaptation switch of S. aureus to prolonged stress environmental conditions. These results contribute to explore and characterize the virulence of S. aureus in chronic wounds.
Venom Use in Eulipotyphlans: An Evolutionary and Ecological Approach
Authors: Kowalski Krzysztof , Rychlik Leszek
Published: March 2021

Venomousness is a complex functional trait that has evolved independently many times in the animal kingdom, although it is rare among mammals. Intriguingly, most venomous mammal species belong to Eulipotyphla (solenodons, shrews). This fact may be linked to their high metabolic rate and a nearly continuous demand of nutritious food, and thus it relates the venom functions to facilitation of their efficient foraging. While mammalian venoms have been investigated using biochemical and molecular assays, studies of their ecological functions have been neglected for a long time. Therefore, we provide here an overview of what is currently known about eulipotyphlan venoms, followed by a discussion of how these venoms might have evolved under ecological pressures related to food acquisition, ecological interactions, and defense and protection. We delineate six mutually nonexclusive functions of venom (prey hunting, food hoarding, food digestion, reducing intra- and interspecific conflicts, avoidance of predation risk, weapons in intraspecific competition) and a number of different subfunctions for eulipotyphlans, among which some are so far only hypothetical while others have some empirical confirmation. The functions resulting from the need for food acquisition seem to be the most important for solenodons and especially for shrews. We also present several hypotheses explaining why, despite so many potentially beneficial functions, venomousness is rare even among eulipotyphlans. The tentativeness of many of the arguments presented in this review highlights our main conclusion, i.e., insights regarding the functions of eulipotyphlan venoms merit additional study.
Conserved Structural Motifs of Two Distant IAV Subtypes in Genomic Segment 5 RNA
Authors: Michalak Paula , Piasecka Julita , Szutkowska Barbara , Kierzek Ryszard , Biala Ewa , Moss Walter N. , Kierzek Elzbieta
Published: March 2021

The functionality of RNA is fully dependent on its structure. For the influenza A virus (IAV), there are confirmed structural motifs mediating processes which are important for the viral replication cycle, including genome assembly and viral packaging. Although the RNA of strains originating from distant IAV subtypes might fold differently, some structural motifs are conserved, and thus, are functionally important. Nowadays, NGS-based structure modeling is a source of new in vivo data helping to understand RNA biology. However, for accurate modeling of in vivo RNA structures, these high-throughput methods should be supported with other analyses facilitating data interpretation. In vitro RNA structural models complement such approaches and offer RNA structures based on experimental data obtained in a simplified environment, which are needed for proper optimization and analysis. Herein, we present the secondary structure of the influenza A virus segment 5 vRNA of A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) strain, based on experimental data from DMS chemical mapping and SHAPE using NMIA, supported by base-pairing probability calculations and bioinformatic analyses. A comparison of the available vRNA5 structures among distant IAV strains revealed that a number of motifs present in the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) vRNA5 model are highly conserved despite sequence differences, located within previously identified packaging signals, and the formation of which in in virio conditions has been confirmed. These results support functional roles of the RNA secondary structure motifs, which may serve as candidates for universal RNA-targeting inhibitory methods.
The Effect of the Effluent from a Small-Scale Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plant Treating Municipal Wastewater on the Composition and Abundance of the Microbial Community, Antibiotic Resistome, and Pathogens in the Sediment and Water of a Receiving Stream
Authors: Tiirik Kertu , Nõlvak Hiie , Truu Marika , Peeb Angela , Kõiv-Vainik Margit , Truu Jaak
Published: March 2021

The effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major contributors of nutrients, microbes—including those carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)—and pathogens to receiving waterbodies. The effect of the effluent of a small-scale activated sludge WWTP treating municipal wastewater on the composition and abundance of the microbial community as well as the antibiotic resistome and pathogens in the sediment and water of the receiving stream and river was studied using metagenome sequencing and a quantitative approach. Elevated Bacteroidetes proportions in the prokaryotic community, heightened sulfonamide and aminoglycoside resistance determinants proportions, and an increase of up to three orders of magnitude of sul1–sul2–aadA–blaOXA2 gene cluster abundances were recorded in stream water and sediments 0.3 km downstream of a WWTP discharge point. Further downstream, a gradual recovery of affected microbial communities along a distance gradient from WWTP was recorded, culminating in the mostly comparable state of river water and sediment parameters 3.7 km downstream of WWTP and stream water and sediments upstream of the WWTP discharge point. Archaea, especially Methanosarcina, Methanothrix, and Methanoregula, formed a substantial proportion of the microbial community of WWTP effluent as well as receiving stream water and sediment, and were linked to the spread of ARGs. Opportunistic environmental-origin pathogens were predominant in WWTP effluent and receiving stream bacterial communities, with Citrobacter freundii proportion being especially elevated in the close vicinity downstream of the WWTP discharge point.
Nasionalisme dalam al-Qur‘an (Studi Tematik Terhadap Ayat-ayat Nasionalisme Perspektif Ahmad Musthafa al-Maraghi)
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Sholeh Moh. Jufriyadi
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, various ideologies that are pro and contra to nationalism have begun to grow and develop. This nationalism cannot be separated from faith and religion. This is evidenced by the explanation of several verses of the al-Qur'an explicitly discussing nationalism. This study aims to describe the general representative of nationalism according to Ahmad Musthofa al-Maraghi. In this study, using a qualitative approach with the type of literature review, namely by using a thematic method that is descriptive analysis. In collecting data, this research will rely entirely on the interpretation of al-Maraghi by Ahmad Musthofa Al-Maraghi, as the primary source of books, research journals as secondary sources, which are relevant to this research. The results of this study indicate that the general representation of nationalism according to Ahmad musthafa al-Maraghi in (QS. Al-Anbiya; 92), (QS. Al-A'raf: 160), (QS. Al-Baqarah: 144) is a constructive nationalism. spirit of nationalism by upholding all kinds of regulations for the sake of advancing the nation. There are at least three equal principles so that nationalism does not conflict with the Koran and Islamic syaria. Namely nationalism in the form of unity, the grouping of humans based on descent by maintaining their integrity, as well as love for the homeland
Evaluación, Física, Química y Biológica de compostas tipo bocashi elaboradas con estiércol de bovino, ovino, cerdo y conejo más una vermicomposta
Authors: De Luna-Vega Alicia , García-Sahagún María Luisa , Pimienta-Barrios Enrique , Rodríguez-Guzmán Eduardo
Published: March 2021

Some composts can produce phytotoxins that inhibit the development of plants and the absorption of nutrients by an excess of indoleacetic acid if the compost is not mature. In the present work, the objective is to evaluate the quality of the compost by means of direct tests of phytotoxicity and agronomic quality with different composts. To determine the quality as organic compost and vermicompost fertilizer were considered physical, chemical and biological variables according to existing manuals. The results obtained for these variables were: In the physical, chemical and biological variables, all the parameters are fulfilled according to the norm. Seed germination of vegetables increased with respect to the control in 14.93%, possibly due to the presence of some root development promoter found in the compost. With regard to survival the witness was inferior by 3.08% Although the amount of nutrients found in composts are not so high, they comply with the minimum requirements of the regulations to be used as a substrate in horticultural applications. Conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the compost elaborated with any type of residue can be used as a substrate in seedbeds of chili, onion or other vegetables to induce germination and accelerate the development of plants.
Realidad Virtual para el afrontamiento de la claustrofobia y aislamiento social
Authors: Vázquez-Morejón Jiménez Raquel , Pérez San Gregorio María de los Ángeles , León Pérez José María , León Rubio José María , Cantero Sánchez Francisco Javier , Martín Rodríguez Agustín
Published: March 2021

Este es un recurso de realidad virtual para intervención en pacientes con problemas de claustrofobia. La claustrofobia afecta a un 6-7% de la población. Normalmente se origina por haber tenido una situación desagradable en un espacio cerrado, seguida de evitaciones sucesivas de este tipo de situaciones. La mera expectativa de estar dentro de un espacio cerrado provoca en los claustrofóbicos una respuesta de ansiedad que conduce a evitar la situación. Este recurso proporciona información sobre los componentes de esta patología así como orientaciones para su afrontamiento. Muestra el tipo de pensamientos desadaptativos que suelen tener quienes sufren de esta patología, así como los pensamientos adaptativos que pueden sustituirlos tras la intervención psicológica y que ayudan al afrontamiento. Con la experiencia inmersiva puede trabajarse en distintos pasos: 1) Situarse frente al ascensor 2) Llamar al ascensor y esperar que baje 3) Pulsar para entrar 4) Subir en el ascensor, pudiendo interrumpir la subida en cualquier momento. Así progresivamente, cada vez más tiempo, hasta llegar al piso 15, desde donde puede bajarse al 0. El tiempo de exposición dentro del ascensor queda recogido en un contador. El objetivo es permanecer cada vez más tiempo, mientras se practican habilidades como la relajación o el lenguaje interno adaptativo. El recurso también puede usarse para personas con agorafobia, ya que estas últimas comparten con las personas con claustrofobia el temor a sentirse atrapados, a no poder salir, debido a no estar cerca de posibles fuentes de seguridad.
Imaginaire et représentation : de la sémiotique à la symbolique
Authors: Wunenburger Jean-Jacques
Published: March 2021

Les conceptions de l’imaginaire propres à la tradition française sont souvent assimilées aux théories de la représentation, conformes au paradigme sémiotique. Il s’agit de montrer que l’imaginaire s’en distingue par une approche d’anthropologie générale qui inscrit le plan de la représentation dans un schématisme corporel, le confronte à une transcendance du sens et l’implique dans une logique figurative autopoïétique, qui ne se laisse pas réduire aux formalismes des structuralismes dominants dans la linguistique et la sémiotique.
Andalucía vista desde Quebec
Authors: Arregui Natalia
Published: March 2021

¿Qué evocan Andalucía y en concreto la bellísima Granada en el imaginario de Ultra mar? ¿Qué imágenes reverberan las retinas extranjeras? ¿Y particularmente, la de los quebequenses? En este artículo escucharemos las sensaciones y sentimientos que tienen hacia nuestro país varios autores canadienses.
L’Occident iconoclaste. Contribution à l’histoire du symbolisme
Authors: Durand Gilbert
Published: March 2021

Reprise d’un article de G. Durand initialement paru en 1963 dans les Cahiers internationaux de symbolisme. L’auteur examine trois périodes de la culture occidentale où l’image et l’imagination ont été dévalorisées au profit de la pensée rationnelle : le conceptualisme aristotélicien déformé par l’averroïsme médiéval, le dogmatisme de l’Église chrétienne d’Occident opposé à l’iconodulie byzantine, le scientisme issu de la pensée de Descartes. L’analyse conduit à une nouvelle théorie du symbole conçu comme pouvoir heuristique des images.
Comment se métisse l’imaginaire ?
Authors: Durand Gilbert
Published: March 2021

Reprise d’un article initialement paru dans La création sociale, no 6 de 2001, p. 121-139. Aucune « culture humaine » n’est « pure » ni « définitive » ; toute culture est métissée et sans « fin » déterminée. Pour analyser les diverses formes du métissage culturel dans plusieurs civilisations, sept concepts différents (de la pseudomorphose à la pléromorphose) sont ici présentés avec des exemples de leur application aussi bien en Orient qu’en Occident et du Moyen Âge qu’à nos jours.
Roland rit. De l’imaginaire d’une pulsion
Authors: Dijoux Mathieu
Published: March 2021

Dans la Chanson de Roland, le rire du héros résonne étrangement aux oreilles du lecteur. Le présent article a pour objet d’en définir la nature et la portée véritables. Pour ce faire, il convient de renoncer aux interprétations psychologiques et de privilégier une approche anthropologique. C’est par le respect de la mouvance de l’œuvre qu’il est possible de construire une interprétation rigoureuse de ce rire : il s’agit d’une manifestation du furor guerrier. Mais ce rire n’est pas un simple motif littéraire ; il s’inscrit en effet dans l’idéologie indo-européenne de la fonction guerrière et, sur ce point, la chanson de geste offre un exemple remarquable de rencontre entre cultures païenne et chrétienne. Si le rire de Roland exprime la méfiance devant la frénésie meurtrière que porte en lui tout guerrier, il traduit également la possession diabolique, dans une perspective chrétienne de condamnation du rire.
Technological Norms and Quality Objectives for Surface Waters
Authors:   Belyaev S.D.
Published: March 2021

Analysis of the Russian legislation novels aimed at implementation of norms of impact upon environment at the best available techniques level applied to surface water bodies has been presented. It is noted that acting regulations do not completely secure realization of the combined approach to water resources management. In particular, there are no mechanisms to create incentives for further reduction of pollutants discharge to water bodies in case when the best available techniques do not secure attainment of water quality norms or the water body status objectives, when surface water bodies water quality norms accounting their natural and anthropogenic features stipulated by the acting Russian legislation are not yet developed. Proposals on accounting of objectives concerning the surface water body status in the process of regulating impacts upon it on the basis of technological norms and norms of permissible discharge have been made: to calculate surface water bodies water quality objective with taking into account natural and unavoidable anthropogenic factors according the proposed algorithm; when calculating norms of permissible impact to use objectives instead of water quality norms till up to development and approval of the latter (in accordance with the standing legislation); when delivering integrated environmental permissions it is necessary to take into account the norms of permissible impact but not only to observe the technological norms. The recommended procedure of obtaining an integrated environmental permission and setting of provisionally permitted discharge volume for water users discharging waste water to surface water bodies has been described. Proposals on elaboration of the legislative basis have been made.
Upgrading of Economic Mechanism for Water Use Regulation on the Basis of Integrated Indicators used in the Process of Adoption of Best Available Techniques
Authors:   Kasimova Y.M., Oboldina G.A., Popov A.N.
Published: March 2021

Current system of water use in Russia is assessed as ineff ective one due to the fact that water use economic regulation tools do not suffi ciently motivate water users for rational use of water resources and implementation of water/protective measures. Proposals on upgrading of water use regulation economic tools on the basis of integrated environmental indicators of assessment of treatment techniques in terms of the balance between costs for application of BAT and charges for water use have been made. Methods of aggregative assessment of environmental/economic eff ectiveness and expediency of the BAT application on the basis of integrated environmental indicators with the use of reduced environmental costs have been proposed to stimulate rational water use. Total value of reduced environmental costs and damage to water bodies were taken as a criterion of the technique eff ectiveness. Minimal level of charges for a unit of negative impact upon a water body has been justifi ed to be at least 400 rubles.
Background and Contemporary Insight of the Main Regularity of Uniform Steady Flow in Watercourses (to commemorate the 240th anniversary of Chezy formula)
Authors:   Lepikhin A.P., Bogomolov A.V.
Published: March 2021

The background of establishment of one of the main calculation tools for river hydrodynamics, namely Chezy formula is under study. The formula has played the key role in the river hydraulics transition from the state of “art” to the state of science. Specifi c approaches of A. Chezy and P. du Bois to the problem to be discussed have been demonstrated. Current state of the issue of parameterization of hydraulic resistance coefficients in rectilinear channel flows has been analyzed. It has been shown that traditional estimations on the basis of R. Manning ratio are correct only for sufficiently limited conditions as it does not take into account suffi ciently great number of parameters that determine hydraulic resistance in channel flows. Under the conditions of hydraulically smooth channel the Reinolds global number becomes a determining parameter. However, when the Reinolds local number exceeds the critical value and the “grain” roughness becomes a dominant factor in hydraulic resistance formation, the R. Manning ratio becomes correct for this regime. At the same time, ridge resistance becomes a dominant factor when particles comprising bottom sediments start moving, prior to the flow entrance to the second ridge-free regime. Ridge resistance considerably contributes not only in hydraulic resistance formation but in the channel flows hydro/morpho/metric dependencies character, too. Peculiar features of the bed form and suspended matters content influence on hydraulic resistance formation in channel flows are discussed as well.
Chemical Denudation on the Azerbaijan Mountain Territory
Authors:   Abduyev M.A.
Published: March 2021

Chemical denudation (dissolved matter runoff) in mountain rivers in comparison with mechanical denudation (sediments runoff) has not yet been properly investigated and remains one of the poorly studied issues of hydrology. Assessment of the chemical denudation intensity in the Azerbaijan mountain regions has been carried out on the basis of the summed up material on ions runoff over the 1980-2013 period. Value of the average annual wash-out from the catchment area (relation of the average annual ions runoff volume to the catchment area) has been used as an indicator of the chemical denudation intensity. The chemical denudation intensity has been made on the basis of the data on the ions runoff transferred by the rivers. The river water ion runoff module dependence on the catchment average height has been obtained. It has been found that the chemical denudation intensity at the Greater and the Lower Caucasus is increasing with altitude. In contrast, in Talysh the chemical denudation intensity is decreasing with altitude. It has been stated that the role of chemical denudation on the territory under study is substantial (22.6 %), its intensity is nearly six times higher the average world value.
Supreme Aquatic Vegetation of the Iset Reservoir. Communication 2. Overgrowing and Productivity
Authors:   Fominykh A.S.
Published: March 2021

Characteristic of supreme aquatic vegetation of the Iset Reservoir has been presented; assessment of the overgrowing degree and dynamics since 1950s till the present has been made; data on the main macrophytes formations’ productivity has been given. The investigation outcomes have demonstrated that the Iset Reservoir is a water body of poor overgrowing – the figure does not exceed 10 %, vegetation is presented by 17 formations. Mouth parts of tributaries and the shore are subjected to the most intensive overgrowing, while open parts of water area are subjected to it to the lesser extent. It was noted that the dramatic decrease of the overgrowing extent in mid-XX century had been caused by the water transparency decrease resulted from economic activities on the catchment territory. The Iset Reservoir total supreme aquatic vegetation phytomass weight has been determined to be about 4 tons.
Determination of Harm to Aquatic Biological Resources at the Nizhny Novgorod Hydro Power Station Technological Water Intakes
Authors:   Loginov V.V., Klevakin A.A., Moiseyev A.V.
Published: March 2021

Results of ichthyologic research in the Gorky and Cheboksary reservoirs upstream and downstream technological zones, as well as at the Nizhny Novgorod hydro power station facilities have been presented. The research has been carried out with the use of advanced standard ichthyologic approaches and methods. According to outcomes of larvae and baby fishes check counting in water receiving windows, technological water supply systems and the power station tail race the total number of the aquatic biological resources species passing through the systems has been stated. An experiment on determination of baby fishes’ survival rate after passing the work chambers and water transporting ducts has been conducted to estimate hydro mechanisms’ mechanical and physical impact upon lethality degree. On the basis of the data obtained the measure of natural harm to aquatic biological resources incurred by operation of power station mechanisms and technological water supply system, as well as in the process of hydroelectric units modernization has been determined. Various options of compensation measures aimed at balancing the damage incurred have been listed. Proposals on composition and application of the set of efficient protective/preventive measures to mitigate annual aquatic biological resources losses caused by the Nizhy Novgorod hydro power station hydro power units and water supply system.
Dynamics of Organic and Biogenic Matter Content in the Ob River Basin Pyshma and Kunara Rivers
Authors:   Lobchenko Y.Y., Lavrenko N.Y., Nichiporova I.P., Goncharov A.V.
Published: March 2021

Analysis of hydro/chemical data obtained by the Rosgidromet state observation network in the Ob River basin at the Pyshma and Kunara rivers in 1993–2013 has been done. Spatio-temporal changes in the ammonia/nitrite nitrogen, phosphates, organic matter, and dissolved oxygen content in these rivers’ water have been discussed. An integrated assessment of water quality has been given. In the Pyshma River upstream subjected to the Ekaterinburg agglomeration impact the water was characterized as «extremely polluted», a bit lower an insignificant improvement of water quality to the «polluted» level was registered. In the downstream the water low quality was caused not only by human impact but by the natural conditions of water quality formation at wetland as well. It was stated that in 1996–1997 the Kunara River water was characterized as «extremely polluted» while over the most of the period under consideration the quality improved to the «polluted» level. Alteration of organic and biogenic matter, zinc, copper, manganese compounds contents in the Pyshma and the Kunara rivers water has been investigated. In the many-year run the trend to phosphate and ammonia nitrogen content increase was noted in the Pyshma upstream, while ammonia and nitrite nitrogen content decrease was registered in the Pyshma and the Kunara downstream. It is recommended to take water/protective measures aimed at reduction of pollutants input to improve the water quality.
Moderation in Greek and Islamic Traditions, and a Virtue Ethics of the Qur’an
Authors: Adeel M. Ashraf
Published: March 2021

This article looks at some of the salient analyses of the concept of wasaṭīyah (moderation) in the ancient Greek and the Islamic traditions and uses them to develop a contemporary view of the matter. Greek ethics played a huge role in shaping the ethical views of Muslim philosophers and theologians, and thus the article starts with an overview of the revival of contemporary western virtue ethics, in many ways an extension of Platonic-Aristotelian ethics, and then looks briefly at the place of moderation or temperance in Platonic-Aristotelian ethics. This sets the stage for an exposition of the position taken by Ibn Miskawayh and al-Ghazali, which is then used as a backdrop for suggesting a revival of the Qur’an’s virtue ethics. After outlining a basis for its virtue ethics, the Qur’anic view of the virtue of wasaṭīyah is discussed briefly and its position on this virtue’s nature in terms of the individual and the community is presented.
Palestine-Israel and the Neoliberal Ideal
Authors: Peterson Luke Mathew
Published: March 2021

The following study envisions the modern history of the Palestinian- Israeli conflict through the application of previously underutilized theoretical frames. Beginning with the unprecedented political and social upheaval wrought upon the Middle East after the end of World War I, the article unfolds in three distinct sections. The first section provides an historical introduction to the global, transnational forces that guided the developing infrastructure of political conflict within the region. The second section articulates the ideological parameters of the international political and economic forces (“neoliberalism”) that connect the past and present of political conflict in the region as well as the local (state and non-state) and non-local actors involved in its contemporary manifestation. The third and final section reconceptualizes the Palestinian-Israeli conflict not exclusively as a territorial dispute or as a nebulous clash of cultures, but rather as a deliberate, operational casualty enduring in the service of an aggressive, transnational, and indeed historical force whose trajectory spans the length of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries: neoliberalism. In each sphere in which the neoliberal ideal has been applied – one, an historical fait accompli, another, a contemporary situation en cours – an important, connective element persists: the distinctly non-local origin of both the historical forces and the contemporary economic manifestations under examination.
A Review of Contemporary Arab Scholarship on the Use of Isrāʾīlīāt for Interpreting the Qurʾan
Authors: Rosshandler Kareem
Published: March 2021

The Qur’an and Old and New Testaments have in common some twenty prophetic figures. As a text, the Qur’an engages with members of these earlier scriptural communities both in its direct address to ‘Benī Isrāʾīl’ (the Children of Israel) and in the way it recounts the stories of their prophets. For their part, these earlier scriptures tend to present their accounts of these prophets in more detail than the Qur’an. As such, early Muslims would often consult Jewish and Christian converts to Islam for elucidation of the Qur’an’s core presentation. From this narration process emerged an exegetical genre called Isrāʾīlīāt. While long established in Muslim tradition, this exegetical genre has been a source of serious contention between scholars throughout the ages. Surveying almost a dozen works produced by the Arabic-speaking academy, this paper explores contemporary Arab scholarship on the use of Isrāʾīlīāt for interpreting the Qurʾan. It focuses on scholars’ attitudes towards this exegetical genre and what – if any – role they see it having in interpreting the Qurʾan.
New Directions in Islamic Education
Authors: DeCuir Amaarah
Published: March 2021

Abdullah Sahin’s New Directions in Islamic Education offers an original conceptualization of the role of Islamic education in enriching the identity formation of young British Muslims. Existing education literature centered on Muslims is often categorized in one of two ways: (1) texts that offer classical, prophetic depictions of pursuits towards religious knowledge (Al-Attas 1979; Ashraf & Hirst 1994; Abbas 2011); or (2) texts that offer modern representations of the lived experiences of Muslims in western contexts (Abdalla, Chown, & Abdullah 2018; Khan & Siddiqui 2017; Haddad, Senzai, & Smith 2009).
Modern Muslim Theology
Authors: Sheikh Faraz
Published: March 2021

True to its title, this book engages God and the world with faith and imagination. It is a work inspired by faith and that aims to inspire faith, a work of Muslim theology that does the work of theology, a term which for Nguyen “names a life-encompassing and faith-affirming process with which every person is already engaged”.
Educación intercultural para alcanzar la sustentabilidad: los proyectos socioformativos en educación media superior
Authors: Ambrosio-Prado Ricardo
Published: March 2021

La educación media superior en México actualmente cuenta con una multiversidad de culturas donde, cotidianamente, interactúan jóvenes de distintas edades. En el panorama rural, una de las mayores problemáticas es la deserción escolar justificada por causas externas, aunque también existen causas internas que no consideran los intereses de los estudiantes. En el presente artículo se hace una reflexión sobre situaciones que se viven en el estado de Oaxaca entre los Bachilleratos integrales comunitarios y se propone el enfoque socioformativo como alternativa para generar cambios sustantivos partiendo de la necesidad de los jóvenes y buscando una mejor calidad de vida a desde de la educación, los principales resultados muestran que es posible trabajar el enfoque socioformativo desde este modelo de bachilleratos dado que comparten algunas similitudes tanto en la teoría como en la práctica.
Comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje: un reto para alcanzar la sostenibilidad
Authors: Arredondo-Cortés Sergio Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Uno de los objetivos fue realizar un estudio documental acerca de la importancia de las comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje, como respuesta a la sostenibilidad. La metodología empleada fue el análisis documental general, el cual busca, recuperar las investigaciones más relevantes con relación al tema de la investigación. Como resultados preliminares se puede afirmar la poca información que existe con relación a las temáticas abordadas en esta investigación, queda la asignatura pendiente de seguir abordando más elementos teóricos metodológicos. Las comunidades son un factor fundamental para favorecer la sustentabilidad, de ahí la importancia de poder incorporarlas en los distintos sistemas educativos.
Sosialisasi Perpajakan dan Pengetahuan Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Pajak
Authors: Zelmiyanti Riri , Amalia Diah
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

      This study aims to examine tax information dissemination and tax knowledge on tax compliance. The method used in this study is a survey of taxpayers in Batam State Polytechnic. The analytical tool used is Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using WarpPLS 6.0 software. H2 in this study is supported, tax socialization directly influences the significance of tax compliance P <0.01 with R2 value of 28%. Tax knowledge has an effect on tax compliance with a significance value of P <0.01 with R2 value of 0.27 so that it supports H2. Knowledge of taxation partially mediates the effect of taxation socialization on tax compliance, the form of partial mediation shows that knowledge is not the only mediator of the relationship of socialization to tax compliance but there are other mediators.

ABSTRAK

     Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji sosialisasi perpajakan dan pengetahuan pajak terhadap kepatuhan pajak. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu survei terhadap wajib pajak di lingkungan Politeknik Negeri Batam. Alat analisis yang digunakan Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) menggunakan software WarpPLS 6.0. H2 pada penelitian ini terdukung, sosialisasi perpajakan berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kepatuhan pajak signifikansi P<0,01 dengan nilai R2 sebesar 28%. Pengetahuan pajak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan pajak nilai signifikansi P<0,01 dengan nilai R2 0,27 sehingga mendukung H2.  Pengetahuan perpajakan memediasi secara parsiel pengaruh sosialisasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan pajak, bentuk parsiel mediasi menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan bukan satu-satunya pemediasi hubungan sosialisasi terhadap kepatuhan pajak namun terdapat pemediasi lain.

JEL Classification: H21, H25
Struktur Modal dan Determinasi Keputusan Hedging pada Perusahaan Automotive and Allied Products
Authors: Rahmadini Meza , Darminto Dwi Prastowo , Suyanto Suyanto
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

      This study aims to determine the factors that influence hedging decisions with capital structure as a moderating variable in Manufacturing Companies engaged in the Automotive and Allied Product sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The period used is 2014 - 2018. The design of this research is quantitative research using secondary data. The sample used in this study amounted to 40 companies. The sampling technique was determined using the purposive sampling method. The analytical method used in this study is the Logistic Regression Method using the Eviews10 program. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the Financial Distress and Liquidity variables influence the Hedging Decision while the Growth Opportunity does not affect the Hedging Decision. The results also showed that the Capital Structure as a moderating variable had no effect on the relationship between Financial Distress on Hedging Decisions but influenced the relationship between Growth Opportunity on Hedging Decisions and the relationship between Liquidity on Hedging Decisions.

 

ABSTRAK

      Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan hedging dengan struktur modal sebagai variabel moderasi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang bergerak pada sektor Automotive and Allied Product yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Periode yang digunakan adalah tahun 2014 – 2018.  Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling.  Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Regresi Logistik dengan menggunakan program Eviews10. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa variabel Financial Distress dan Liquidity berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Hedging sedangkan Growth Opportunity tidak berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Hedging. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa Struktur Modal sebagai variable moderasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap hubungan antara Financial Distress terhadap Keputusan Hedging namun berpengaruh terhadap hubungan antara Growth Opportunity terhadap Keputusan Hedging dan hubungan antara Liquidity terhadap Keputusan Hedging.

JEL Classification: M40, L25
Peran Kode Etik Atas Pengaruh Akuntansi Forensik, Audit Investigatif dan Data Mining Terhadap Pendeteksian Dugaan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang
Authors: Raharjo Tri Puji , Djaddang Syahril , Supriyadi Edy
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

       This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of forensic accounting, investigative audit and data mining on detection of criminal act of money laundering’s suspicion with the role of ethics code as a moderating factor. The research object are the analyst and examiner of financial transaction of a governmental institution named Pusat Pelaporan and Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (Indonesian Financial Transaction Report and Analysis Centre) with a total of 40 respondents. This research is using nonprobability sampling method. Data analysis is performed using Stuctural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) by using WarpPLS 6.0. The results showed that forensic accounting has significant effect, investigative audit doesn’t have effect and data mining doesn’t have effect on criminal act of money laundering’s suspicion. The role of ethics code moderates the effect of investigative audit on the detection of criminal act of money laundering’s suspicion and also moderates the effect of data mining on the detection of criminal act of money laundering’s suspicion. The contribution of this research is strengthening and enriching the source of information about the scope of forensic accounting’s implementation.

ABSTRAK

        Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh akuntansi forensik, audit investigatif dan data mining terhadap pendeteksian dugaan tindak pidana pencucian uang dengan peran kode etik sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Objek penelitian ini adalah analis dan pemeriksa transaksi keuangan pada Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan sebanyak 40 orang. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah nonprobability sampling. Metode analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah Stuctural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) menggunakan WarpPLS 6.0. Hasil penelitian ini adalah akuntansi forensik berpengaruh signifikan, audit investigatif tidak berpengaruh dan data mining tidak berpengaruh terhadap pendeteksian dugaan tindak pidana pencucian uang.  Peran kode etik memoderasi pengaruh audit investigatif terhadap pendeteksian dugaan tindak pidana pencucian uang dan juga memoderasi pengaruh data mining terhadap pendeteksian dugaan tindak pidana pencucian uang.

JEL Classification : M48, M40
Peran Dewan Komisaris, Komite Audit, Struktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan dan Perataan Laba Perusahaan Manufaktur
Authors: Soeharto Kartini
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine and analyze empirically the influence of the role of the board of commissioners, and audit committee, corporate ownership structure on income smoothing practices using the Eckel index, the influence of the role of the board of commissioners and audit committee is measured using the checklist score based on the characteristics of independence, activity, number of members and competence. The ownership structure is measured by the percentage of ownership. Control variables are entered into the model to neutralize the influence of unnecessary external variables. The sample is 135 manufacturing firm years listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Hypothesis testing is done by logistic regression test. The test results show that the audit committee has a higher probability of practicing income smoothing, while the board of commissioners and ownership structure do not affect the income smoothing practice.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis secara empiris pengaruh peran dewan komisaris, dan komite audit, struktur kepemilikan perusahaan terhadap praktik perataan laba dengan menggunakan indeks Eckel, pengaruh peran dewan komisaris dan komite audit diukur mengunakan score checklist berdasarkan karakteristik independensi, aktivitas, jumlah anggota dan kompetensi, sedangkan struktur kepemilikan diukur dengan persentasi jumlah kepemilikannya dengan menggunakan variabel kontrol untuk menetralisir pengaruh variabel-variabel luar yang tidak perlu. Sampel adalah 135 data tahun perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pengujian dilakukan dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa komite audit memiliki probabilitas lebih tinggi untuk melakukan praktik perataan laba, sedangkan dewan komisaris dan struktur kepemilikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap praktik perataan laba.

JEL Classification: M40, G30
Evaluation of different contrast medium injection techniques in the Angio-CT study of the lower limbs in patients with obliterating arteriopathy
Authors: Di Basilio Francesco , Canitano Stefano , Micheli Cinzia , Bifarini Roberta , Aguzzi Gilberto , Camerini Erika , Caprioli Gianluca , Iacoboni Francesco , Castrogiovanni Marco , Raimondi Cecilia , Bracci Matteo
Published: March 2021

The need to write this article was born with the aim of optimizing the Angio-CT study protocol of the lower limbs, comparing two Mdc injection techniques: standard and split bolus, performing a parameter check vital collected before and during injection of the Mdc in order to establish the plateau between reaching the peak of enhancement during the smartprep and the start of the scan. Then well defined parameters are assigned for the evaluation of the images obtained with the different techniques.
In the study the inclusion or exclusion parameters of the patient are defined, recruiting 133 cases.
The Split Bolus injection technique is optimal together with an accurate evaluation of the patient's vital parameters. Although appreciating the excellent results, the limits of this study are also described.
Importance of Urine Drug Testing in the Treatment
of Chronic Noncancer Pain: Implications of Recent
Medicare Policy Changes in Kentucky
Authors: John W. John W.
Published: March 2021

Background: Urine drug testing has become a widely used tool in American
society for deterring illicit drug use. In the practice of medicine, urine drug testing
is commonly used to help diagnose substance misuse, abuse, or addiction.
Objective: This narrative review provides an informed perspective on the
importance of urine drug testing in the medical treatment of chronic noncancer pain.
The history and current uses of urine drug tests in the United States are reviewed,
the prevalence and nature of prescription drug misuse is described as is related to
chronic noncancer pain, and implications and considerations for practitioners are
presented related to the noncancer pain diagnosis and treatment.
Discussion: Practitioners are confronted with the ethical and legal dilemma of
being called to adequately treat chronic pain in a culture with a high prevalence
of prescription drug abuse. Yet the symptoms of drug abuse are nonspecific and
therefore of limited value to the practitioner in determining patient compliance
to drug treatment regimens. In contrast, urine drug testing has a reliable history,
both in and out of medicine, as an independent sign of drug misuse. This sign
can be used to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of drug misuse and underlying
addictions to improve patient outcomes.
Conclusion: Regular urine drug testing should be a part of acute and chronic
pain management whether or not the patient has any signs or symptoms of drug
misuse.
Key words: chronic noncancer pain, Medicare, Medicaid, urine drug testing,
opioids, drug abuse
Delayed Radicular Pain Following Two Large
Volume Epidural Blood Patches for Post-Lumbar
Puncture Headache: A Case Report
Authors: Desai Mehul J.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a known complication of diagnostic
lumbar puncture. Multiple factors including needle size, type, and needle bevel orientation, have
been postulated to contribute to the development of PDPH. The presentation of PDPH tends
to have classic symptoms that include a postural headache, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and
ocular disturbances. Conservative treatment measures include bed rest, intravenous hydration
or caffeine, and analgesics. Resistant cases might require an epidural blood patch (EBP).
Though complications are rare, cases of immediate post-procedural pain and subdural epidural
hematoma have been reported. Here we present a case of PDPH treated with sequential EBPs
that resulted in delayed radicular pain.
Case Report: A 29-year-old female presented to the emergency room with a severe frontal
headache of several days duration. She underwent a diagnostic lumbar puncture as a part of
her work-up. Then, 24-48 hours later she developed a severe postural headache unresponsive to
conservative care. Two days later she underwent an epidural blood patch with 20 mL of autologous
blood. Her symptoms did not abate, prompting a repeat EBP within 24 hours with an additional
20 mL of autologous blood. Five days later the patient began experiencing muscle spasms and
radicular pain in the buttocks and left posterior leg that radiated to her posterior calf. The patient
was initially started on pregabalin 25mg 3 times daily, and underwent a gadonlinum-enhanced
MRI of the lumbar spine. She followed up 5 days later with unchanged symptoms and a negative
MRI. She was then started on a methylprednisolone taper and continued the pregabalin. At the
10-day follow-up, there was 90% resolution of symptoms and a pain intensity of 1/10 on NRS. At
this time she is continuing the pregabalin with plans to discontinue medication.
Discussion: Although EBP is typically a safe procedure, complications might occur. An
inflammatory response, secondary to the injection of blood, or mechanical compression, due
to the total volume of blood injection, are highlighted as possible causative agents in the
development of this complication. The role of fluoroscopic imaging, particularly in patients who
have failed an initial EBP, must also be examined. Given the rates of false loss of resistance (17-
30%) reported in the literature, the use of real-time imaging to ensure proper needle placement
and subsequent injectate spread should be considered.
Key words: Blood patch, epidural, radiculopathy, postdural puncture headache, complications,
fluoroscopy, epidural