bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Censorship and Immorality: Bernard Shaw's The Devil's Disciple
Authors: Kent Brad
Published: February 2012

This essay challenges the tendency in censorship studies to focus on banned works and causes célèbres. It suggests that critics need to attend more carefully to adversarial works that have eluded detection by authorities to better understand censor-avoiding and censor-baiting techniques. In examining Bernard Shaw's The Devil's Disciple, I argue that Shaw was subversive of morality and censorship through encoded attacks on the institution of the Lord Chamberlain's Office. This becomes clearer through analysis of Shaw's censorship discourse in the years following the writing of the play in which he taps into its ethos and adopts the perspective of the title character, especially in his promotion of American-style post-performance trials of plays as against the British system of applying for licences before production. Shaw also undertook auto-intertextuality by drawing upon The Devil's Disciple in composing The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet, a play that intentionally provoked British censors and provided him with ammunition when he appeared before the Joint Select Committee on the Censorship of Plays in the summer of 1909. I end by noting how Shaw himself refused war-time productions of The Devil's Disciple because of its threats to morality and its potential for instigating radical change.
Tracking Skilled Diasporas
Authors: Otiono Nduka
Published: February 2012

This essay examines the trajectories of skilled labor migrants within a global South-North migration matrix using an interdisciplinary framework. Focusing on Nigeria's huge brain drain phenomenon, the essay draws from the limited available data on the field, interpreting those data through theoretical perspectives from postcolonial studies, Marxism, cultural studies, and human geography. The study spotlights the example of the United States of America as a receptacle of skilled migrants and raises questions of social justice along the North-South divide. The research demonstrates that contrary to the dominant image promoted by some elements in the Western media of migrants as irritants or criminals who disturb well-cultivated, advanced World economies and social spaces, 1 those nations benefit highly from Africa's (and other migrant countries') labor diasporas, especially the highly skilled professionals.
The Mobility of Tomorrow
Authors: Kesselring Sven
Published: February 2012

It is a remarkable development that mobility providers, the industry and planners are getting closer to each other in the field of mobility and transport. This is especially so in the transfer of knowledge from academia to the practical use of scientific expertise. Here I am not referring to consultancy—the broad market of selling knowledge and competence—but to debates about methodologies, approaches, access to knowledge and skills and so forth which get transferred from one field of research and practice to the other.
Nipah Virus: An Emergent Deadly Paramyxovirus Infection In Bangladesh
Authors: Wahed Farema , Kader Syed Abdul , Nessa Akhtarun , Mahamud Md Mukti
Published: February 2012

Nipah virus, a member of the genus Henipavirus, a new class of virus in the Paramyxoviridae family, has drawn attention as an emerging zoonotic virus in south east and south asian region. Case fatality rate of Nipah virus infection ranges from 40-70% although it has been as high as 100% in some outbreaks. Many of the outbreaks were attributed to pigs consuming fruits partially eaten by fruit bats, and transmission of infection to humans. In Bangladesh, 7 outbreaks of Nipah virus infection were identified during the period 2001–2007. In Bangladesh, Nipah virus infection was associated with contact with a sick cow, consumption of fresh date palm sap (potentially contaminated with pteropid bat saliva), and person-to-person transmission. In the most recent epidemic at least 15 people died due to Nipah virus infection in Hatibandha, Lalmonirhat district in a remote northern Bangladesh town in 2011 adding to the previous death toll of 113 in the country . Human infections range from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Infected people initially develop influenzalike symptoms of fever, headaches, myalgia , vomiting and sore throat. This can be followed by dizziness, drowsiness, altered consciousness, and neurological signs that indicate acute encephalitis. Some people can also experience atypical pneumonia and severe respiratory problems. The virus is detected by ELISA, PCR, immunofluoroscent assay and isolation by cell culture. Treatment is mostly symptomatic and supportive as the effect of antiviral drugs is not satisfactory, and an effective vaccine is yet to be developed. So the very high case fatality addresses the need for adequate and strict control and preventive measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9764 JBSP 2011 6(2): 134-139
Leadership and Knowledge Management in an E-Government Environment
Authors: Ryan Sherry D. , Zhang Xiaoni , Prybutok Victor R. , Sharp Jason H.
Published: February 2012

The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) is well known to assess quality and business processes in a variety of sectors, including government. In this study, we investigate the relationship between aspects of the MBNQA’s leadership triad and knowledge management in an e-government context. Specifically, we survey 1,100 employees of a medium-sized city government in the United States to investigate the relationship between leadership triad components, leadership strategic planning, and customer/market focus, with knowledge management. Our results show that these components are significantly related to knowledge management and are important in the delivery of e-government applications to the citizenry.
Special Issue: Tsallis Entropy
Authors: Anastasiadis Anastasios
Published: February 2012

One of the crucial properties of the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy in the context of classical thermodynamics is extensivity, namely proportionality with the number of elements of the system. The Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy satisfies this prescription if the subsystems are statistically (quasi-) independent, or typically if the correlations within the system are essentially local. In such cases the energy of the system is typically extensive and the entropy is additive. In general, however, the situation is not of this type and correlations may be far from negligible at all scales. Tsallis in 1988 introduced an entropic expression characterized by an index q which leads to a non-extensive statistics. Tsallis entropy, Sq, is the basis of the so called non-extensive statistical mechanics, which generalizes the Boltzmann-Gibbs theory. Tsallis statistics have found applications in a wide range of phenomena in diverse disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, economics, geophysics, etc. The focus of this special issue of Entropy was to solicit contributions that apply Tsallis entropy in various scientific fields. [...]
Correction: Lim and Forschler, Reticulitermes nelsonae, a New Species of Subterranean Termite (Rhinotermitidae) from the Southeastern United States. Insects 2012, 3, 62-90.
Authors: Lim Su Yee , Forschler Brian T.
Published: February 2012

Following publication of our article [1], we found errors in Table 4b. These errors do not make any difference to the main findings and conclusions reported in our paper. The numbers in the column for the range of mean ± 1 standard deviation for hind wings were incorrect. We wish to apologize for the mistake made and inconveniences caused. [...]
Five New Amicoumacins Isolated from a Marine-Derived Bacterium Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Li Yongxin , Xu Ying , Liu Lingli , Han Zhuang , Lai Pok Yui , Guo Xiangrong , Zhang Xixiang , Lin Wenhan , Qian Pei-Yuan
Published: February 2012

Four novel amicoumacins, namely lipoamicoumacins A–D (1–4), and one new bacilosarcin analog (5) were isolated from culture broth of a marine-derived bacterium Bacillus subtilis, together with six known amicoumacins. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (2D NNR, IR, CD and MS) analysis and in comparison with data in literature.
Toxicity of Cultured Bullseye Puffer Fish Sphoeroides annulatus
Authors: Nuñez-Vazquez Erick J. , Garcia-Ortega Armando , Campa-Cordova Angel I. , De la Parra Isabel Abdo , Ibarra-Martinez Lilia , Heredia-Tapia Alejandra , Ochoa Jose L.
Published: February 2012

The toxin content in various life cycle stages of tank-cultivated bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) were analyzed by mouse bioassay and ESI-MS spectrometry analysis. The presence of toxin content was determined in extracts of sperm, eggs, embryo, larvae, post-larvae, juvenile, pre-adult, and adult fish, as well as in food items used during the cultivation of the species. Our findings show that only the muscle of juveniles, the viscera of pre-adults, and muscle, liver, and gonad of adult specimens were slightly toxic ( < 1 mouse unit). Thus, cultivated S. annulatus, as occurs with other cultivated puffer fish species, does not represent a food safety risk to consumers. This is the first report of toxin analysis covering the complete life stages of a puffer fish under controlled conditions.
Synthesis, Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of Benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl-3-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)-propan-1-one Derivatives on 5-HT1A Serotonin Receptors
Authors: Pessoa-Mahana Hernán , Recabarren-Gajardo Gonzalo , Temer Jenny Fiedler , Zapata-Torres Gerald , Pessoa-Mahana C. David , Barría Claudio Saitz , Araya-Maturana Ramiro
Published: February 2012

A series of novel benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl-3-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)-propan-1-one derivatives 6a–f, 7a–f and their corresponding alcohols 8a–f were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity towards 5-HT1A receptors. The influence of arylpiperazine moiety and benzo[b]thiophene ring substitutions on binding affinity was studied. The most promising analogue, 1-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one (7e) displayed micromolar affinity (Ki = 2.30 μM) toward 5-HT1A sites. Docking studies shed light on the relevant electrostatic interactions which could explain the observed affinity for this compound.
Supramolecular Photodimerization of Coumarins
Authors: Tanaka Koichi
Published: February 2012

Stereoselective photodimerization of coumarin and its derivatives in supra-molecular systems is reviewed. The enantioselective photodimerization of coumarin and thiocoumarin in inclusion crystals with optically active host compounds is also described.
A New Iridoid Glycoside from the Roots of Dipsacus asper
Authors: Ji De , Zhang Chunfeng , Li Jingzhi , Yang Haowei , Shen Jingyang , Yang Zhonglin
Published: February 2012

A new iridoid glycoside, named loganic acid ethyl ester (1), together with five known compounds: chlorogenic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), loganin (4), cantleyoside (5) and syringaresinol-4′,4′′-O-bis-β-D-glucoside (6) were isolated from the roots of Dipsacus asper. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. Lignan is isolated from Dipsacaceae species for the first time. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 had moderate neuroprotective effects against the Aβ25–35 induced cell death in PC12 cells.
Concerns Regarding the Use of Dabigatran for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Finsterer Josef
Published: February 2012

Dabigatran is an oral thrombin inhibitor which has been approved in several countries as an alternative to vitamin-K-antagonists for the prevention of stroke or embolism in atrial fibrillation patients. Dabigatran is introduced into clinical practice, although many issues regarding this drug are still unclear, like laboratory monitoring, use in elderly patients, drug- and food-interactions and use in patients with renal insufficiency. Additionally, there is no antidote for dabigatran. Thus, aim of the present review is to give an overview of concerns and unresolved issues concerning dabigatran.
Back to BAC: The Use of Infectious Clone Technologies for Viral Mutagenesis
Authors: Hall Robyn N. , Meers Joanne , Fowler Elizabeth , Mahony Timothy
Published: February 2012

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors were first developed to facilitate the propagation and manipulation of large DNA fragments in molecular biology studies for uses such as genome sequencing projects and genetic disease models. To facilitate these studies, methodologies have been developed to introduce specific mutations that can be directly applied to the mutagenesis of infectious clones (icBAC) using BAC technologies. This has resulted in rapid identification of gene function and expression at unprecedented rates. Here we review the major developments in BAC mutagenesis in vitro. This review summarises the technologies used to construct and introduce mutations into herpesvirus icBAC. It also explores developing technologies likely to provide the next leap in understanding these important viruses.
Targeted enrichment strategies for next‐generation plant biology
Authors: Cronn Richard , Knaus Brian J. , Liston Aaron , Maughan Peter J. , Parks Matthew , Syring John V. , Udall Joshua
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: The dramatic advances offered by modern DNA sequencers continue to redefine the limits of what can be accomplished in comparative plant biology. Even with recent achievements, however, plant genomes present obstacles that can make it difficult to execute large‐scale population and phylogenetic studies on next‐generation sequencing platforms. Factors like large genome size, extensive variation in the proportion of organellar DNA in total DNA, polyploidy, and gene number/redundancy contribute to these challenges, and they demand flexible targeted enrichment strategies to achieve the desired goals.

• Methods: In this article, we summarize the many available targeted enrichment strategies that can be used to target partial‐to‐complete organellar genomes, as well as known and anonymous nuclear targets. These methods fall under four categories: PCR‐based enrichment, hybridization‐based enrichment, restriction enzyme‐based enrichment, and enrichment of expressed gene sequences.

• Key results: Examples of plant‐specific applications exist for nearly all methods described. While some methods are well established (e.g., transcriptome sequencing), other promising methods are in their infancy (hybridization enrichment). A direct comparison of methods shows that PCR‐based enrichment may be a reasonable strategy for accessing small genomic targets (e.g., ≤50 kbp), but that hybridization and transcriptome sequencing scale more efficiently if larger targets are desired.

• Conclusions: While the benefits of targeted sequencing are greatest in plants with large genomes, nearly all comparative projects can benefit from the improved throughput offered by targeted multiplex DNA sequencing, particularly as the amount of data produced from a single instrument approaches a trillion bases per run.
Applications of next‐generation sequencing in plant biology
Authors: Egan Ashley N. , Schlueter Jessica , Spooner David M.
Published: February 2012

The last several years have seen revolutionary advances in DNA sequencing technologies with the advent of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. NGS methods now allow millions of bases to be sequenced in one round, at a fraction of the cost relative to traditional Sanger sequencing. As costs and capabilities of these technologies continue to improve, we are only beginning to see the possibilities of NGS platforms, which are developing in parallel with online availability of a wide range of biological data sets and scientific publications and allowing us to address a variety of questions not possible before. As techniques and data sets continue to improve and grow, we are rapidly moving to the point where every organism, not just select “model organisms”, is open to the power of NGS. This volume presents a brief synopsis of NGS technologies and the development of exemplary applications of such methods in the fields of molecular marker development, hybridization and introgression, transcriptome investigations, phylogenetic and ecological studies, polyploid genetics, and applications for large genebank collections.
Le maternel, le post-partum et la psychanalyse aujourd'hui
Authors: Quartier-Frings Florence
Published: February 2012

Résumé Le maternel, tel que compris ici est un fonctionnement psychique qui ne peut être mis en évidence directement. Il découle d’un certain style d’écoute transférentielle. Issu des premiers temps de la vie, il est un processus en mouvement et tout comme un rêve, il peut avoir subi un travail (transformation, déguisement, condensation et déplacement) et surgir tardivement sous la forme du religieux . Ce maternel est autre chose que la fonction maternelle. L’article propose d’articuler psychanalyse et construction de la relation mère-bébé en maintenant toutefois ces deux plans bien distincts.
Un interprète en quête d'origine
Authors: Garon Josette
Published: February 2012

Résumé Dans la foulée de la table ronde qu’elle a organisée sur ce sujet (avec la participation de F. Conrotto, C. Lechartier-Atlan et J.-C. Stoloff), l’auteur développe le thème de la quête de l’origine, de la construction de l’originaire. Confronté au vertige et à l’angoisse suscités par le point de fuite à l’infini de la question des commencements, l’enfant construit son propre fantasme organisateur fondamental, l’analyste sa propre représentation, théorie, mythe ou fantasme fondateur. Freud et Ferenczi ont entrepris cette quête, chacun de leur côté mais, tout un temps, en étroite correspondance : le ur de Freud, le ur-ur de Ferenczi. Nombreux sont les modèles et théories qui leur succéderont, à l’exemple de la théorie de l’originaire de Piera Aulagnier. Un exemple clinique illustre comment la rencontre analytique peut ouvrir sur la perspective d’un avenir qui échappe à un « destin » dicté par la contrainte de répétition.
Insaisissable maternel
Authors: Kaswin-Bonnefond Danielle
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’auteur retient la fonction primordiale du maternel dans l’émergence de la vie psychique sous condition d’un mouvement de désexualisation. Le maternel évoque toujours l’origine faisant alors surgir tous les mystères de la création et la quête de sens.
Croyance religieuse et narcissisme
Authors: Stoloff Jean-Claude
Published: February 2012

Résumé En introduisant le narcissisme, Freud a montré le rôle éminent joué par les idéaux, ces objets à la fois exécrés et aimés des hommes, dans le maintien de l’estime de soi. En suivant cette ligne de pensée, les différentes formations d’idéal, moi idéal et idéal du moi qui traversent la croyance religieuse, permettent de discerner les versants maternel et paternel des religions.
Sur le maternel et la sexualité
Authors: Brusset Bernard
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’hybridation de la psychologie du développement et de la métapsychologie a contribué à la désexualisation radicale du maternel devenue une valeur idéalisée et sacralisée. La sexualité de la mère a fait retour dans la théorie avec « la censure de l’amante » selon M. Fain et D. Braunschweig. Mais, selon eux, la femme et la mère sont irréconciliables, entraînant, chez la mère, une métamorphose en double personnalité. Il y a cependant d’autres façons de concevoir les rapports du maternel et de la sublimation par exemple avec H. Troisier ou avec la notion de « reliance » proposée par J. Kristeva. Un commentaire en est proposé en relation avec son œuvre.
Noces de sang
Authors: Jozef Perelberg Rosine
Published: February 2012

Résumé Dans ce texte, l’auteur évoque des cures de femmes par des femmes où une effrayante imago maternelle se fait présente, parfois trop rapidement, depuis le début de la cure. Ces analyses peuvent parfois laisser à l’analyste le sentiment d’être jeté dans une « tempête parfaite » où les chances de survie sont limitées. Les vagues puissantes et incontrôlables semblent venir à la fois des imagos paternelle et maternelle dans le transfert ; il n’y a aucun abri. Liliane Abensour nous rappelle que l’archaïque ne s’inscrit pas nécessairement dans une antériorité, mais plutôt dans une opacité. Dans cet article, l’auteur analysera deux exemples de cas cliniques qui illustreront comment les expériences infantiles, préalablement irreprésentables et terrifiantes, acquièrent une représentation dans l’après coup du processus analytique.
Mère passionnément
Authors: Yi Mi-Kyung
Published: February 2012

Résumé À en croire Winnicott, le début de la vie du petit d’homme est silencieux, pour peu qu’il soit porté par la « préoccupation maternelle primaire ». Seules les défaillances font du bruit. Or, l’examen du processus identificatoire constitutif du monde maternel offrant ne met-il pas en lumière une dimension passionnelle toute chargée de rumeurs de l’infantile ? À partir d’un fragment de l’analyse d’une patiente, l’auteur s’attache à rendre audible l’ infans en retour au sein de la « mère suffisamment bonne ». « Je m’étais perdu à moi-même, tu es venu me donner de mes nouvelles », lit-on dans L’amour fou d’André Breton. Et il n’est pas rare que les nouvelles soient retentissantes...
L'arrière-pays
Authors: Denis Anne
Published: February 2012

Résumé La trace anobjectale du maternel constitue la toile de fond de la psyché qui sert de fondement à diverses fonctions telles que : la négation antéprédicative, source du jugement ultérieur ; le sentiment océanique, source de la croyance ; et le rythme, source de la temporalité et de l’autoreprésentation. Tous ces éléments sont en relation avec la qualité de la satisfaction, dépendante elle-même de la sexualité biparentale qui apporte les sublimations nécessaires à la construction de la psyché. Le mystique de la méthode et la spiritualité maternelle-féminine sont présentés à titre d’hypothèses heuristiques issues du Congrès.
Le sauveur
Authors: Selz Monique
Published: February 2012

Résumé Quand les valeurs véhiculées par la religion sont bafouées par ceux-là mêmes qui sont en position de les transmettre, annulant ainsi leur potentielle fonction de tiers, l’intrication du maternel dans le religieux rend la séparation du maternel particulièrement difficile. La cure de David témoigne de ce cheminement avec toutes les impasses potentielles rencontrées sur le parcours. Le « renoncement à l’action spécifique » peut résumer cette opération de dégagement que permet l’analyse.
Fondements maternels ou matériels de la vie psychique : quelques réflexions sur le rapport de C. Anzieu-Premmereur
Authors: Chauvet Évelyne
Published: February 2012

Résumé Questionnements sur plusieurs points qui se dégagent du rapport de Christine Anzieu-Premmereur sur sa conception de la capacité maternelle, de ses fonctions pare-excitantes, sur le statut de l’enfant « maternant », sur la transitionnalité à construire opposable à la fétichisation défensive, et sur la valeur économique et dynamique des défenses antitraumatiques. Articulations avec le transfert et le travail de contre-transfert dans les problématiques où le « maternel » est en question.
Quand l'analyste devient mère...
Authors: Maurice Claire
Published: February 2012

Résumé Lorsque L’analyste tombe enceinte, c’est une situation inédite qui a lieu au sein de la cure analytique au risque d’une réduction « périlleuse » de l’écart sujet-fonction. L’analyste femme se dévoile ainsi dans son intimité, précipitant des mouvements transféro-contre-transférentiels complexes à analyser. Mais n’est-ce pas dans cette situation particulière que peut se rencontrer, de façon inédite, la question du « maternel » qui inscrit, dès lors, l’histoire de la cure au sein d’une rencontre avec un objet maternel singulier ?
Notes techniques sur la notion de maternel
Authors: Robert Michel
Published: February 2012

Résumé À l’aide de la notion de Nebenmensch , l’auteur souligne l’importance technique dans le travail analytique des états d’identité émotionnelle réciproque. La notion d’empathie est précisée.
Le corps de l'amour
Authors: Parat Hélène
Published: February 2012

Résumé Le corps est le cœur de l’amour. Mais ce corps érotique est trop souvent oublié même par les psychanalystes qui privilégient parfois les problématiques narcissiques au détriment de la juste prise en compte de la sexualité dans son sens proprement psychanalytique de psychosexualité. À travers une réévaluation des rôles des pulsions partielles dans la rencontre amoureuse, ce texte interroge le statut métapsychologique de la pulsion inhibée quant au but, qui permet à la tendresse de se déployer, cette composante essentielle de l’amour qui, selon Freud, permet que l’assouvissement sexuel n’éteigne pas le désir.
Sur les « limitations » de la méthode freudienne
Authors: Botella César
Published: February 2012

Résumé À partir de 1910, le transfert cesse d’être considéré par Freud comme gênant pour la libre association et devient l’instrument principal pour les analyses des psycho-névroses œdipiennes. La méthode se transforme en « entonnoir mémoriel » sélectionnant les souvenirs transférentiels. L’auteur propose l’élargissement de la méthode où l’attention flottante se faisant « régrédiente », « travail en double » et « pensée de géomètre », accède à la « mémoire sans souvenirs », aux « négatifs de traumas », aux cures des patients limites.
La Hongrie entre tutelle soviétique et intérêt national au cours des années 1960
Authors: Macher Aniko
Published: February 2012

Résumé Liée à l’Union soviétique sur les plans politique, militaire, économique et idéologique, la Hongrie est associée à la première révolution antitotalitaire et nationale de la Guerre froide. Alliée loyale de l’Union soviétique pendant l’ère de János Kádár, elle a de l’ambition sur la scène internationale. Pendant les années 1960, la Hongrie s’intéresse de près à la coopération régionale en Europe centrale. Finalement instrumentalisé par les Soviétiques, ce concept géopolitique présente un cadre possible pour la diplomatie hongroise en vue de se rapprocher des minorités hongroises vivant au-delà de ses frontières. Malgré la rhétorique « internationaliste », la prise de conscience de la situation difficile des Hongrois face à l’assimilation forcée dans certains pays voisins est alors une réalité en Hongrie. Critiquée même à Budapest, cette prise de conscience resta au niveau des études ou d’actions diplomatiques isolées pour favoriser l’unité de la nation hongroise, au-delà des frontières, par le biais des liens culturels.
Bucarest-Moscou : le ferment nationaliste des dissensions bilatérales (1964)
Authors: Gridan Irina
Published: February 2012

Résumé Après avoir pris leurs distances avec la diplomatie de bloc économique, en 1962-1963, les dirigeants roumains recherchent des marges de manœuvre politiques à l’égard de l’urss. Le conflit sino-soviétique leur fournit matière à théoriser leur neutralité, à travers la Déclaration d’indépendance du 22 avril 1964. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment les Soviétiques ont réagi aux revendications roumaines, d’autant qu’elles ont été accompagnées d’une campagne de mobilisation populaire antisoviétique. La riposte se situe sur le même terrain, celui du nationalisme, notamment à travers des pressions territoriales concernant la Transylvanie et la Bessarabie exercées au cours des pourparlers roumano-soviétiques de Moscou de juillet 1964. À partir d’archives nouvellement accessibles, il s’agit d’analyser ce moment crucial pour la quête roumaine d’autonomie dans sa politique extérieure.
Nonlinear Modeling and Control Design of Active Helicopter Blades
Authors: Althoff Matthias , Patil Mayuresh J. , Traugott Johannes P.
Published: February 2012

This paper presents the theoretical basis for the simulation and control of active helicopter blades. The analysis is based on a model that considers the structural dynamics, the aerodynamics, as well as the integrated blade actuation and sensing. The effect of the integral actuation
enters the beam model via an active beam cross-sectional analysis. A two-dimensional incompressible, inviscid, quasi-steady aerodynamic model is coupled to the active structural model. For simulation, analysis, and control design, the blade model is discretized in space using a Galerkin approach.
The resulting nonlinear model of high order is reduced using the aeroelastic modes of the blade. Finally, the usefulness of a reduced-order model is demonstrated by designing an energy optimal linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) control.
Effects of Planform Geometry on Mechanical Samara Autorotation Efficiency and Rotational Dynamics
Authors: Ulrich Evan R. , Pines Darryll J.
Published: February 2012

An experimental methodology intended to characterize the autorotation efficiency and vehicle dynamics of samara-like micro-air vehicles is presented. The scale inherent in these vehicles precludes the use of most conventional in situ sensors, so data collection is limited to external
observation. The studies presented herein demonstrate a new technique for collecting flight data from a vision-based, motion-capture system. A test apparatus has been constructed to yield repeatable initial conditions, minimizing uncertainty of the samara's dynamic state prior to data collection.
The test specimen is constructed of an ultraviolet-cured liquid polymer, which is dispensed and cured via the use of a rapid prototyping machine. The mechanical samaras in this study are compared on the basis of equal wing loading. The results of these experiments identify a geometry for a
minimal descent rate as well as producing a quantitative Fourier series representation of the roll and pitch. In addition, a new relationship has been established, which elucidates trends in samara descent velocity not captured by wing loading or disk loading. This information will aid in
the development and validation of an inflow model for the mechanical samara.
Relations between cognitive status and medication adherence in patients treated for memory disorders
Authors: Ownby Raymond L. , Hertzog Christopher , Czaja Sara J.
Published: February 2012

Medication adherence has been increasingly recognized as an important factor in elderly persons’ health. Various studies have shown that medication non-adherence is associated with poor health status in this population. As part of a study of the effects of two interventions to promote medication adherence in patients treated for memory problems, information on medication adherence and cognitive status was collected at 3-month intervals. Twenty-seven participants (16 men, 11 women, age 71-92 years) were assigned to control or treatment conditions and adherence was evaluated with an electronic monitoring device. Cognitive status was evaluated at 3- month intervals beginning in April of 2003 and continuing through September of 2006. We have previously reported on the effectiveness of these interventions to promote adherence. In this paper, we examine the relations of cognitive status and adherence over time using a partial least squares path model in order to evaluate the extent to which adherence to cholinesterase medications was related to cognitive status. Adherence predicted cognitive status at later time points while cognition did not, in general, predict adherence. Results thus suggest that interventions to ensure high levels of medication adherence may be important for maintaining cognitive function in affected elderly people.
Seasonal variations of stable carbon isotopic composition and biogenic tracer compounds of water-soluble organic aerosols in a deciduous forest
Authors: Miyazaki Y. , Fu P. Q. , Kawamura K. , Mizoguchi Y. , Yamanoi K.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. To investigate the seasonal changes in biogenic water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) aerosols in a boreal forest, aerosol samples were collected continuously in the canopy of a deciduous forest in northern Japan during 2009–2010. Stable carbon isotopic composition of WSOC (δ13CWSOC) in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) exhibited a distinct seasonal cycle, with lower values from June through September (−25.5±0.5 ‰). This cycle follows the net CO2 exchange between the forest ecosystem and the atmosphere, indicating that δ13CWSOC likely reflects the biological activity at the forest site. WSOC concentrations showed the highest values in early summer and autumn. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that the factor in which biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOAs) dominated accounted for ~40 % of the highest concentrations of WSOC, where BSOAs mostly consisted of α-/β-pinene SOA. In addition, primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) made similar contributions (~57 %) to the WSOC near the forest floor in early summer. This finding indicates that the production of both primary and secondary WSOC aerosols is important during the growing season in a deciduous forest. The methanesulfonic acid (MSA) maximum was also found in early summer and had a distinct vertical gradient with larger concentrations near the forest floor. Together with the similar vertical gradients found for WSOC and δ13CWSOC as well as the α-/β-pinene SOA tracers, our results indicate that the forest floor, including ground vegetation and soil, acts as a significant source of WSOC in TSP within a forest canopy at the study site.
Distributions, long term trends and emissions of four perfluorocarbons in remote parts of the atmosphere and firn air
Authors: Laube J. C. , Hogan C. , Newland M. J. , Mani F. S. , Fraser P. J. , Brenninkmeijer C. A. M. , Martinerie P. , Oram D. E. , Röckmann T. , Schwander J. , Witrant E. , Mills G. P. , Reeves C. E. , Sturges W. T.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. We report the first data set of atmospheric abundances for the following four perfluoroalkanes: n-decafluorobutane (n-C4F10), n-dodecafluoropentane (n-C5F12), n-tetradecafluorohexane (n-C6F14) and n-hexadecafluoroheptane (n-C7F16). All four compounds could be detected and quantified in air samples from remote locations in the Southern Hemisphere (at Cape Grim, Tasmania, archived samples dating back to 1978) and the upper troposphere (a passenger aircraft flying from Germany to South Africa). Further observations originate from air samples extracted from deep firn in Greenland and allow trends of atmospheric abundances in the earlier 20th century to be inferred. All four compounds were not present in the atmosphere prior to the 1960s. n-C4F10 and n-C5F12 were also measured in samples collected in the stratosphere confirming their very long atmospheric lifetimes. Emissions were inferred from these observations and found to be comparable with emissions from the EDGAR database for n-C6F14. However, emissions of n-C4F10, n-C5F12 and n-C7F16 were found to differ by up to five orders of magnitude. Although the abundances of the four perfluorocarbons reported here are currently small (less than 0.3 ppt, parts per trillion) they have strong Global Warming Potentials several thousand times higher than carbon dioxide and continue to increase in the atmosphere. The sum of their cumulative emissions reached 325 mt (million metric tonnes) CO2 equivalent at the end of 2009.
SCIAMACHY lunar occultation water vapor measurements: retrieval and validation results
Authors: Azam F. , Bramstedt K. , Rozanov A. , Weigel K. , Bovensmann H. , Stiller G. P. , Burrows J. P.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. SCIAMACHY lunar occultation measurements have been used to derive vertical profiles of stratospheric water vapor for the Southern Hemisphere in the near infrared (NIR) spectral range of 1350–1420 nm. The focus of this study is to present the retrieval methodology including the sensitivity studies and optimizations for the implementation of the radiative transfer model on SCIAMACHY lunar occultation measurements. The study also includes the validation of the data product with the collocated measurements from two satellite occultation instruments and two instruments measuring in limb geometry. The SCIAMACHY lunar occultation water vapor measurements comparisons with the ACE-FTS instrument have shown an agreement of 5% on the average that is well within the reported biases of ACE in the stratosphere. The comparisons with HALOE have also shown good results where the agreement between the instruments is within 5%. The validations of the lunar occultation water vapor measurements with MLS instrument are exceptionally good varying between 1.5 to around 4%. The validations with MIPAS are in the range of 10%. A validated dataset of water vapor vertical distributions from SCIAMACHY lunar occultation measurements is expected to facilitate the understanding of physical and chemical processes in the southern mid-latitudes and the dynamical processes related to polar vortex.
A comparison of biogenic iron quotas during a diatom spring bloom using multiple approaches
Authors: King A. L. , Sañudo-Wilhelmy S. A. , Boyd P. W. , Twining B. S. , Wilhelm S. W. , Breene C. , Ellwood M. J. , Hutchins D. A.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Biogenic Fe quotas were determined using three distinct techniques on samples collected concurrently in the subtropical Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand. Fe quotas were measured using radioisotope uptake experiments (24 h incubation), bulk filtration and analysis by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS), and single-cell synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) analysis over a sixteen-day period (year days 263 to 278 of 2008) during a quasi-Lagrangian drifter experiment that tracked the evolution of the annual spring diatom bloom within a counter-clockwise open-ocean eddy. Overall, radioisotope uptake-determined Fe quotas (washed with oxalate reagent to remove extracellular Fe) were the lowest (0.5–1.0 mmol Fe:mol P; 4–8 μmol Fe:mol C), followed by single-cell Fe quotas (2.3–7.5 mmol Fe:mol P; 17–57 μmol Fe:mol C), and the highest and most variable quotas were from the bulk filtration ICPMS approach that used the oxalate reagent wash, corrected for lithogenic Fe using Al (0.8–21 mmol Fe:mol P; 4–136 μmol Fe:mol C). During the evolution of the spring bloom within the eddy (year days 263 to 272), the surface mixed layer inventories of particulate biogenic elements (C, N, P, Si) and chlorophyll increased while Fe quotas estimated from all three approaches exhibited a general decline. After the onset of the bloom decline, the drogued buoys exited the eddy center (days 273 to 277). Fe quotas returned to pre-bloom values during this part of the study. Our standardized and coordinated sampling protocols reveal the general observed trend in Fe quotas: ICPMS > SXRF > radioisotope uptake. We discuss the inherent differences between the techniques and argue that each technique has its individual merits and uniquely contributes to the characterization of the oceanic particulate Fe pool.
Warm Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous high-latitude sea-surface temperatures from the Southern Ocean
Authors: Jenkyns H. C. , Schouten-Huibers L. , Schouten S. , Sinninghe Damsté J. S.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Although a division of the Phanerozoic climatic modes of the Earth into "greenhouse" and "icehouse" phases is widely accepted, whether or not polar ice developed during the relatively warm Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods is still under debate. In particular, there is a range of isotopic and biotic evidence that favours the concept of discrete "cold snaps", marked particularly by migration of certain biota towards lower latitudes. Extension of the use of the palaeotemperature proxy TEX86 back to the Middle Jurassic indicates that relatively warm sea-surface conditions (26–30 °C) existed from this interval (∼160 Ma) to the Early Cretaceous (∼115 Ma) in the Southern Ocean, with a general warming trend through the Late Jurassic followed by a general cooling trend through the Early Cretaceous. The lowest sea-surface temperatures are recorded from around the Callovian–Oxfordian boundary, an interval identified in Europe as relatively cool, but do not fall below 25 °C. The early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event, identified on the basis of published biostratigraphy, total organic carbon and carbon-isotope stratigraphy, records an interval with the lowest, albeit fluctuating Early Cretaceous palaeotemperatures (∼26 °C), recalling similar phenomena recorded from Europe and the tropical Pacific Ocean. Extant belemnite δ18O data, assuming an isotopic composition of waters inhabited by these fossils of −1‰ SMOW, give palaeotemperatures throughout the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous interval that are consistently lower by ∼14 °C than does TEX86 and the molluscs likely record conditions below the thermocline. The long-term, warm climatic conditions indicated by the TEX86 data would only be compatible with the existence of continental ice if appreciable areas of high altitude existed on Antarctica, and/or in other polar regions, during the Mesozoic Era.
Northern Hemisphere temperature patterns in the last 12 centuries
Authors: Ljungqvist F. C. , Krusic P. J. , Brattström G. , Sundqvist H. S.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. We analyse the spatio-temporal patterns of temperature variability over Northern Hemisphere land areas, on centennial time-scales, for the last 12 centuries using an unprecedentedly large network of temperature-sensitive proxy records. Geographically widespread positive temperature anomalies are observed from the 9th to 11th centuries, similar in extent and magnitude to the 20th century mean. A dominance of widespread negative anomalies is observed from the 16th to 18th centuries. Though we find the amplitude and spatial extent of the 20th century warming is within the range of natural variability over the last 12 centuries, we also find that the rate of warming from the 19th to the 20th century is unprecedented in the context of the last 1200 yr. The positive Northern Hemisphere temperature change from the 19th to the 20th century is clearly the largest between any two consecutive centuries in the past 12 centuries. These results remain robust even after removing a significant number of proxies in various tests of robustness showing that the choice of proxies has no particular influence on the overall conclusions of this study.
On the determination of the global cloud feedback from satellite measurements
Authors: Masters T.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. A detailed analysis is presented in order to determine the sensitivity of the estimated short-term cloud feedback to choices of temperature datasets, sources of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative flux data, and temporal averaging. It is shown that the results of a previous analysis, which suggested a likely positive value for the short-term cloud feedback, depended upon combining radiative fluxes from satellite and reanalysis data when determining the cloud radiative forcing (CRF). These results are contradicted when ΔCRF is derived from NASA's Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) all-sky and clear-sky measurements over the same period, resulting in a likely negative feedback. The differences between the radiative flux data sources are thus explored, along with the potential problems with each method. Overall, there is little correlation between the changes in the CRF and surface temperatures on these timescales, suggesting that the net effect of clouds varies during this time period quite apart from global temperature changes. Attempts to diagnose long-term cloud feedbacks in this manner are unlikely to be robust.
Skewness as measure of the invariance of instantaneous renormalized drop diameter distributions – Part 1: Convective vs. stratiform precipitation
Authors: Ignaccolo M. , De Michele C.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. We investigate the variability of the shape of the renormalized drop diameter instantaneous distribution using of the third order central moment: the skewness. Disdrometer data, collected at Darwin Australia, are considered either as whole or as divided in convective and stratiform precipitation intervals. We show that in all cases the distribution of the skewness is strongly peaked around 0.64. This allows to identify a most common distribution of renormalized drop diameters and two main variations, one with larger and one with smaller skewness. The distributions shapes are independent from the stratiform vs. convective classification.
Combining surface reanalysis and remote sensing data for monitoring evapotranspiration
Authors: Marshall M. , Tu K. , Funk C. , Michaelsen J. , Williams P. , Williams C. , Ardö J. , Marie B. , Cappelaere B. , Grandcourt A. , Nickless A. , Nouvellon Y. , Scholes R. , Kutsch W.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Climate change is expected to have the greatest impact on the world's poor. In the Sahel, a climatically sensitive region where rain-fed agriculture is the primary livelihood, expected decreases in water supply will increase food insecurity. Studies on climate change and the intensification of the water cycle in sub-Saharan Africa are few. This is due in part to poor calibration of modeled actual evapotranspiration (AET), a key input in continental-scale hydrologic models. In this study, a model driven by dynamic canopy AET was combined with the Global Land Data Assimilation System realization of the NOAH Land Surface Model (GNOAH) wet canopy and soil AET for monitoring purposes in sub-Saharan Africa. The performance of the hybrid model was compared against AET from the GNOAH model and dynamic model using eight eddy flux towers representing major biomes of sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest improvements in model performance are at humid sites with dense vegetation, while performance at semi-arid sites is poor, but better than individual models. The reduction in errors using the hybrid model can be attributed to the integration of a dynamic vegetation component with land surface model estimates, improved model parameterization, and reduction of multiplicative effects of uncertain data.
Evolution of spatio-temporal drought characteristics: validation, projections and effect of adaptation scenarios
Authors: Vidal J.-P. , Martin E. , Kitova N. , Najac J. , Soubeyroux J.-M.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Drought events develop in both space and time and they are therefore best described through summary joint spatio-temporal characteristics, like mean duration, mean affected area and total magnitude. This paper addresses the issue of future projections of such characteristics of drought events over France through three main research questions: (1) are downscaled climate projections able to reproduce spatio-temporal characteristics of meteorological and agricultural droughts in France over a present-day period? (2) How such characteristics will evolve over the 21st century? (3) How to use standardized drought indices to represent theoretical adaptation scenarios? These questions are addressed using the Isba land surface model, downscaled climate projections from the ARPEGE General Circulation Model under three emissions scenarios, as well as results from a previously performed 50-yr multilevel and multiscale drought reanalysis over France. Spatio-temporal characteristics of meteorological and agricultural drought events are computed using the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Standardized Soil Wetness Index, respectively, and for time scales of 3 and 12 months. Results first show that the distributions of joint spatio-temporal characteristics of observed events are well reproduced by the downscaled hydroclimate projections over a present-day period. All spatio-temporal characteristics of drought events are then found to dramatically increase over the 21st century, with stronger changes for agricultural droughts. Two theoretical adaptation scenarios are eventually built based on hypotheses of adaptation to evolving climate and hydrological normals, either retrospective or prospective, and by taking advantage of the statistical properties of the standardized drought indices. The perceived spatio-temporal characteristics of drought events derived from these theoretical adaptation scenarios show much reduced changes, but they call for more realistic scenarios at both the catchment and national scale in order to accurately assess the combined effect of local-scale adaptation and global-scale mitigation.