bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Episodic magmatism across the Permian-Triassic Crisis Boundary and its effects on underlying source rocks: records from conodont-based high-resolution geochemical proxies in marine carbonate successions, South China
Authors: Liu Chao , Ding Jing , Sun Wenzhao , Luan Xueying , Sun Shasha , Yang Yong , Feng Mengsen , Jiang Tanen , Li Jiayu
Published: April 2023

Magmatism of various magnitudes or intensities was widely recognized worldwide in accompanying with the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) event across the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB). Meanwhile, hydrocarbon source rocks were pervasively occurring in later-Permian marine carbonate successions. The EPME-related magmatism and later-Permian source rocks were associated spatially and temporally. However, the features of this magmatism and its effects on underlying source rocks were not elucidated. The current study investigated episodes and magnitudes of the magmatism across the PTB from typical South-China profile (i.e., the Pingdingshan section) using conodont-based geochemical proxies at a high-resolution scale (~50 kyr). Integrated trace elemental (Mn, Sr, Rb, and Th) and stable/radioactive isotopic (δ18O, δ13C, and 87Sr/86Sr) results revealed that conodonts provided an ideal proxy for chemostratigraphic signatures of ancient seawater, largely because it was more resistant to diagenetic alterations or thermal recrystallization. The conodont-based high-resolution 87Sr/86Sr values from studied interval (250.50 Ma to 252.00 Ma) showed three decreasing cycles upwardly against a long-term increasing background across the PTB, reflecting three episodes of magmatism. By contrary, the δ18O of same resolution and from same interval displayed no similar trend. This inconsistency was probably because that the δ18O composition of carbonates from studied section was limitedly altered due to long distance from magmatism center and/or buffering from thick water column. The micrite-based high-resolution δ13C exhibited an evolving pattern consistent with long-term background, revealing that the δ13C signatures of multiple stages of magmatism during this short-term interval were not inherited by micrites. The episodes of magmatism across the PTB can be correlated to underlying Chihsian source rocks from studied section according to the clustering of oxygen and strontium isotopic compositions of two sets of strata that were spatially and temporally related. The EPME-related magmatism across the PTB exerted great influences on formation of underlying marine source rocks by bring massive heat and pervasive oceanic anoxia.
Using a Privacy-Enhanced Authentication Processto Secure IoT-based Smart Grid Infrastructures
Authors: Rostampour Samad , Bagheri Nasour , Ghavami Behnam , Bendavid Ygal , Kumari Saru , Martin Honorio , Camara Carmen
Published: April 2023

Over the last decade, technological advances in smart grids have permitted the modernization of legacy electricity networks. As Internet of Things(IoT)-based smart grids are becoming an efficient response to managing changing electric demand, the heterogeneous network of equipment required to make these Cyber-Physical Systems a reality poses some security threats. This paper proposes a novel mutual authentication and key agreement scheme to ensure communications security and protect users’ privacy in smart grid applications. In the proposed scheme (named EPSG), an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) module and a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) are used simultaneously to provide acceptable confidentiality and integrity levels. The security analysis demonstrates that the EPSG has a robust security posture regarding transferred messages on the communication channel and physical attacks. In addition, EPSG is resistant to modeling attacks as one of the main vulnerabilities of PUF modules. Furthermore, 1 by implementing the EPSG on an Arduino UNO microcontroller, a comparative performance evaluation in terms of computational complexity, communication overhead, and power consumption demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed EPSG.
Distinguishing Clinical and Immunological Features of Combined Immune Deficiency due to Serine/Threonine Kinase 4 deficiency
Authors: Kapakli Hasan , HAZAR ESRA , Celik Seyma Celikbilek , Tokgoz Huseyin , Aytekin Selma Erol , Gul Yahya , Artac Hasibe , Gulez Nesrin , Genel Ferah , Guner Sukru , Kıykım Ayca , Uygun Vedat , Reisli Ismail , Keles Sevgi
Published: April 2023

Background: Serine/threonine kinase 4 (STK4) deficiency is a combined immunodeficiency with overlapping features with the autosomal dominant (AD)– and recessive (AR) forms of the Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES), including recurrent infections, eczema, eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE levels. The precise distinguishing features of STK4 deficiency versus the different forms of HIES remain unclear.
Objective: We examined the comparative clinical and immunological features of STK4 deficiency versus AD- and AR forms of HIES, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) respectively, with a focus on those attributes that distinguish STK4 deficiency from those disorders.
Methods: Six STK4, 4 STAT3 and 14 DOCK8 deficient patients and 16 healthy controls enrolled in this study. Clinical and immunological features of the patients including detailed analysis of naïve and memory T and B cell subsets including T helper (TH), T follicular helper (TFH) and T regulatory (Treg) cells were evaluated and compared with age matched control subjects.
Results: Recurrent infections and eczema were the most frequent clinical findings in AR- and eczema in AD-HIES. All STK4 deficient patients had recurrent herpetic facial lesions. Serum IgM level was significantly low in DOCK8 deficient patients compared to STAT3 and STK4 deficiency. Both CD4+T cell numbers and ratio were significantly lower in STK4 and DOCK8 deficient patients compared to control subjects. On the other hand, recent thymic emigrant (RTE) cell ratio was significantly lower, and T helper type 1 (TH1) cell frequencies were significantly higher in STK4 deficiency. While regulatory T (Treg) cell frequencies were significantly lower in DOCK8 deficiency, T helper type 17 (TH17) cell frequencies were significantly lower in both STAT3 and DOCK8 deficient patients.
Conclusion: While STK4 deficiency presents with overlapping clinical and immunological features with DOCK8 deficiency, including recurrent herpetic lesion and CD4+ T cell lymphopenia, it is distinguished by the absence of severe allergic diseases and by a number of immunological findings including decreased RTE and increased TH1 cell frequencies. STK4 deficiency should be considered in patients with AR-HIES with a clinical phenotype of DOCK8 deficiency but with otherwise normal DOCK8 protein expression.
The prognostic value of fibrinogen to albumin ratio and a novel FAR-CA125 score in patients with resectable gastric signet ring cell carcinoma
Authors: shen yimin , li yuanyuan , wang zhou , xu wei , wang wenjie , Chen Xiao
Published: April 2023

Purpose
The fibrinogen to albumin ratio(FAR) is increasingly considered a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis in various malignant tumors, but not in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(GSRC). This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of the FAR and explore a novel FAR-CA125 score(FCS) in patients with GSRC.
Methods
The study was a retrospective analysis of 330 patients with GSRC who underwent curative resection. We used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses to assess the prognostic role of FAR and FCS in patients with GSRC and analyze the association with clinicopathological features.
Results
The optimal cut-off values for CA125 and FAR were 9.88 and 0.0697, respectively, according to the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC). The FCS had a higher area under the ROC curve than FAR and CA125. The patients were grouped into three groups according to the FCS. High FCS was related to males, anemia, large tumor size, tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, SII, and pathological subtypes. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high FAR and FCS were related to poor survival. In the multivariate analysis, FCS, TNM stage, and SII were independent prognostic predictors for poor OS in GSRC patients after surgery. Moreover, the clinical nomogram based on FCS was constructed, showing well-predictive accuracy.
Conclusion
This study indicated that the FCS is a prognostic, and effective biomarker for patients with surgically resectable GSRC. Such developed FCS-based nomogram could be feasible and convenient tools to assist the decision-making of clinical strategy.
Vortex-wake formation and evolution on a prolate spheroid at subcritical Reynolds numbers
Authors: Guo Pengming , Kaiser Frieder , Rival David E.
Published: April 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) flow reconstruction over a 6:1 prolate spheroid using scanning stereoscopic particle image velocimetry has been conducted in a towing-tank facility. Forces, moments, surface pressure and reconstructed 3D vortical-flow structures are acquired in order to characterize the separated flow within the subcritical regime at three Reynolds numbers (Re = 0.5 × 106, 1.0 × 106 and 1.5 × 106), and at four incidence angles (α = 5◦, 10◦, 15◦ and 20◦). Key flow features are evaluated through the reconstructed 3D flowfield data. In particular, the interaction of the crossflow vortices and the surface-pressure distribution are discussed. It is shown that the crossflow vortices consist of helical vortex tubes as the dominant coherent structures, which are more distinct at large α. For α ≥ 15◦, four high-vorticity regions were observed. A pair of upper vortex tubes, originate on the windward side of the model, while a lower vortex tube is formed on the strong curvature region on the leeward side of the model. The vortex dynamics are further characterized through stretching and tilting terms via the vorticity-transport equation. Larger incidence angles α lead to a stronger alignment of the crossflow vortices with the mean flow direction, which is reflected in the tilting terms. A weak Re dependency of the loads and flow structures within the range 1.0 × 106 ≤ Re ≤ 1.5 × 106 is reported, while a significantly different result was captured for separation at Re = 0.5 × 106. An increase in separation size at Re = 0.5 × 106 at 20◦ results in an additional flow structure; a pair of secondary vortices is formed, leading to a change in the pressure distribution on the model surface when compared to higher Re.
Afromontane mosaic vegetation acts as a barrier between small mammals from two savannah biomes in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Welegerima Kiros , Meheretu Yonas , Bryja Josef , Mulualem Getachew , Hayelom Welday , Kedir Ferej , Massawe Apia W. , Mbije Nsajigwa E. , Makundi Rhodes H.
Published: April 2023

Despite its biogeographical uniqueness, where two vast savanna regions are separated by the Afromontane mosaic vegetation, there is a significant lack of small mammal sampling in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Leveraging all our available data on rodents and shrews in the region, we tested the hypothesis that the Afromontane mosaic vegetation in the highlands acts as a barrier to gene flow between taxa found in the Somali-Masai and Sudanian savanna in the southeast and western lowland parts of the region, respectively. Morphological and DNA sequence analysis confirmed the presence of 23 species of small rodents and shrews in the region. We recorded 18 of these species in the Afromontane mosaic vegetation, seven species in the Sudanian savanna, and four species in the Somali-Masai savanna. Notably, the fauna of Sudanian savanna was strikingly different from that of the Somali-Masai savanna at both intraspecific and interspecific level, suggesting northern Ethiopian highlands as very strong biogeographic barrier for taxa adapted to arid lowlands. However, the reported species diversity remains provisional, and additional sampling from unexplored areas is needed. Furthermore, some of the reported taxa, in this study, such as Mus cf. tenellus, Crocidura cf. fuscomurina, Dendromus sp. indet. 2, and Otomys cf. cheesmani, require detailed taxonomic investigation and may represent new species. A robust understanding of the taxonomic diversity and distribution of the small mammals in the region is crucial for effective conservation planning as well as for addressing practical questions related to rodents, such as in public health and pest management.
Changing volatile profile of arborvitae, Thuja occidentalis, by drying up and infestation: selective olfactory cues for the cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus aubei
Authors: Bozsik Gábor , Molnár Béla Péter , Szőcs Gábor
Published: April 2023

The cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus aubei (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) prefers to build breeding galleries in decaying host trees. However, volatile cues, specific to trees suffering from drought stress or earlier infestation have not yet been reported. This knowledge would actually be most useful, as this invasive, wood-boring species established huge populations across the temperate zone of Europe and became a key pest of ornamental trees of Cupressaceae in tree nurseries and urban green areas. In order to reveal key components in host volatiles of stressed trees, which are perceived by the pest volatile profiles of intact arborvitae, Thuja occidentalis ‘Smaragd’ were compared to those suffering from drought, and fresh infestation of P. aubei. Analyses of volatiles by gas chromatography coupled to an electroantennographic detector revealed substantial differences between healthy, drying up and infested trees. Structure elucidation of the major antennally active components revealed that α-thujone was the major component in volatiles of healthy trees, while volatiles of infested trees were dominated by α-pinene and α-thujene. Besides that, trace amounts of camphene, fenchene, as well as substantial amounts of b-pinene, myrcene, limonene and p-cymene were also found in volatiles collected from trunks, housing fresh nuptial chambers of P. aubei. Fenchone was present in each type of volatiles, however, only in low amounts. Further studies should be directed to reveal the behavioral role of these components, which could be helpful in developing kairomone-based techniques for monitoring the flight of the pest in stands of scale-leafed trees.
Characterization of historic masonry of the 20th century: Casa Salinger, Blumenau-SC
Authors: SALAMONI Natália , RODRIGUES Gustavo Gutierrez Oliveira , ROHDEN Abrahão Bernardo , BENEVENUTE Igor Guilherme , ROCHA Luís Antônio DA
Published: April 2023

The preservation of the historical heritage of a locality is of paramount importance for the identity of a society to remain alive, valuing knowledge of history, cultural and social elements, becoming a record for its successors. The Salinger house is a listed heritage site in the city of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, a case study for the present work given the importance of knowing the materials and methods used in the construction so that its restoration can be carried out later. For this reason, the aim of this study is to characterize the materials used in the masonry of this historic building from the 20th century and to evaluate the mechanical properties of walls built with the material. With that in mind, the ceramic blocks were characterized as to their geometry, specific mass, water absorption and mechanical strength. In addition, for the mortar, a mix used at the time was defined, without the addition of Portland cement, only with lime, whose mechanical behaviour in tension and compression was measured. Finally, mechanical characterization tests were carried out on walls made with these materials, demonstrating that the system built at the time did not have a structural function, being functioning only with bearing capacity. This result was already expected since in the half-timbered constructions of the time, the blocks served only as closing masonry.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Environment on Islamic and Conventional Equity During Different Regimes: Evidence from the US
Authors: Kantakji Mazhar Hallak , Ismail Rasha Fady
Published: April 2023

The US economy is a constantly changing organism, and over the past two decades, it has experienced several transformations that have drastically altered its outlook. With different macroeconomic factors having varying degrees of influence on equity prices in the US stock market, this raises the question of whether or not these effects vary between Islamic and conventional stocks during different economic cycles. This study seeks to explore the impact of macroeconomic events on Islamic and conventional investments depending on their respective economic conditions. Using a Markov-switching model, it will be determined how much more susceptible to volatility are these investments when faced with different levels of instability. The results of this research demonstrate that responses from certain variables differ greatly between times of stable economies and troubled times; therefore, market players and policymakers could explore how essential it is for them to properly consider how changes in the environment affect both types of equity when making decisions.
Energy Policy for Clean and Sustainable Energy Production: Application of Solar Tracking Systems to Obtain Maximum Efficiency from Solar Energy in the Çukurova Region
Authors: DEMİRDELEN Tuğçe , ALICI Hakan , ESENBOĞA Burak
Published: April 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Book Review on Stephen L. Morgan (2021). The Chinese Economy
Authors: F. Gentle Paul
Published: April 2023

China followed a Soviet-style model for the economy from 1953 to 1978. Then Deng Xiaoping’s economic ideas were implemented. The result was a marked decrease in poverty. Regarding personal freedoms, that has increased sometimes and decreased others since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Morgan, a Professor of Chinese history at Nottingham University, clearly presents the significant facets of China’s economy.
Performance Analysis of Public Investment in Chinese University Education Based on Regional Differences and Influencing Factors
Authors: Yu Yang
Published: April 2023

The main purpose of the research is to assess the current condition of public investment in higher education in various regions of China and identify the elements that influence the effectiveness of public investment in higher education. The objective is to propose recommendations for enhancing the performance management of public investments in higher education, balancing the financial expenditures of higher education in various regions, and fostering sustainable economic and social growth. This article presents the academic research findings of relevant researchers on higher education, public investment, performance, and educational performance, as well as performance management, public finance, regional economic growth, new public management, and human capital. Using the DEA data envelopment analysis model and the panel Tobit regression model, this article empirically analyzes the regional differences and influencing factors of the comprehensive efficiency (including pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency) of public investment in higher education in China from both dynamic and static perspectives, based on 29 provinces and cities and relevant statistical data from 2005 to 2017. Based on an analysis of current public investment in higher education in the eastern, central, and western regions of China, the article demonstrates that while the total amount of public investment in higher education has increased year by year, there are still significant differences between the total amounts of public investment in higher education in the eastern, central, and western regions. The scale of public investment in higher education is higher in the eastern region and lower in the central and western regions. Regarding the performance level of public investment in higher education, there is a significant gap among the three regions of eastern, central, and western China, with the central region being the highest, the eastern region being the second highest, and the western region being the lowest. There are differences in the factors affecting the performance of the public investment in higher education in the East, Central, and West. The Tobit panel regression model analysis shows that per capita regional GDP, human capital level, urbanization level, and the efficiency of public education in higher education are all positively correlated. In contrast, the student-teacher ratio and government financial resources are adversely correlated. Distinct variables influence Eastern, central, and western areas geographically. The article concludes with a summary of the research findings and policy recommendations, namely, improving the performance evaluation system of public investment in higher education, increasing government investment in higher education, balancing the financial expenditures of higher education in different regions, accelerating the reform of the higher education investment system, and expanding the sources of public investment in higher education.
Exploration of the Organisational Conditions that Influence the Utilization of Student Support Services in South African Nursing Colleges
Authors: Purity Skakane-Masango Thembekile , Gloria Mtshali Ntombifikile , Ngcobo Sandiso
Published: April 2023

The recent migration of public nursing colleges from the Department of Health to the higher education sector in South Africa has compelled nursing institutions to ensure that their programs meet the Council of Higher Education requirements. One of these requirements is comprehensive student support services in line with the prerogative to widen access and success in higher education. Public Nursing Colleges have reported having systems to provide academic and non-academic support to their students. However, there is limited empirical research on lecturers’ and students’ perspectives on conditions that influence the utilization of available student support services in nursing colleges. Hence, this research explores organisational conditions that influence the utilization of student support services from the perspectives of lecturers and students at three selected campuses in the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The research methodology is qualitative, in which a purposive sampling of 21 participants involved individual interviews. The interview of lecturers was due to their expected role in identifying and implementing some of the student support services. The students were involved in the study because they are the ones who benefit from the existence of such services and should therefore be in a better position to report on organisational conditions that enable utilization. Data analysis was thematic as guided by the academic and non-academic areas of student support services expected of nursing colleges. There was high agreement on the availability of systems to provide academic and non-academic student support services. However, there were limited coordinated, standardized, and structured efforts to implement them at different colleges. More so, lecturers reported a shortage of critical resources. The findings suggest improving conditions to utilize student support services effectively. It should help ensure that student support activities are well-coordinated, comprehensive, and aligned with policy.
Prediction of Convergent and Divergent Determinants of Organisational Development
Authors: Skrynnyk Olena
Published: April 2023

Different scholars study organisational development through prismatic lenses of various determinants. Despite extensive analysis, it was found that there is little evidence to date on the measurement, analysis and prediction of organizational development using digital tools. The knowledge gap revealed the potential to define convergent and divergent determinants of organisational development. The study in the context of predicting convergent and divergent determinants of organisational development is divided into two parts – the definition of determinants for the surrogate model and the construction of the prediction model. In this publication, the first part is presented. Considering the different approaches to measuring organizational success, the determinants of processes and company competences emerge. Although organisational development represents one of the focal points, its determinants tend to be recorded and analyzed only over the medium or long term, precluding a short-term conditional parameter adjustment. This publication explores the convergent and divergent determinants of organisational development by conducting a quantitative and qualitative publication analysis and network analysis. The conceptualized organisational development model specifies the described determinants by extending them with further parameters, which can be applied for prediction using algorithms based on artificial intelligence. Based on the publication results, network analysis, and structural equation modelling, 13 determinants and 42 parameters were identified. These show a high degree of interconnectedness, highlighting the approach of divergent and convergent determinants in the overall construct of organisational development. These determinants and parameters form the framework for surrogate models and can serve as input or forecast data for different algorithms. Furthermore, a conceptual model for predicting organisational development, formulated based on defined parameters using machine learning, is presented. The second part of the study will be presented separately, a framework based on artificial intelligence was created for analyzing the current state of organisational development and predicting the next development scenarios based on the findings.
Evaluating Consumer Perceptions of Businesses Pre- and Post-Midterm Elections Using Business Ethics Index (BEI)
Authors: Tsalikis John , Haderlie Todd , Sewak Sphurti
Published: April 2023

In the United States, the political landscape is characterized by biannual changes in power between the two major political parties, the Democratic and Republican parties. The shift in power can lead to significant changes in the regulatory environment for businesses, with each party having different policies and priorities when it comes to business regulation. Our research investigates the impact of political power shifts on consumer perceptions of business ethics. We collected two sample datasets through telephone interviews, the first conducted before the November 2018 mid-term elections (N=1,003) and the second after the elections (N=1,009). Our findings were surprising. Despite the mid-term elections being a significant political event and a change in power, we found that they did not immediately impact consumer perceptions of business ethics. This study offers new insights into the relationship between political power shifts and consumer perceptions of business ethics in the United States and is the first to examine this issue. The results suggest that consumer perceptions of business ethics may be relatively stable despite changes in political power. The leniency or stringency of regulations imposed on businesses by political parties may not significantly alter consumers’ perceptions of ethical behavior. It is an important finding for businesses as it highlights the importance of maintaining ethical practices and behavior, regardless of political circumstances. Our research sheds light on the complex relationship between political power shifts and consumer attitudes toward business ethics. It provides a starting point for future investigations into this topic, which is especially relevant in today’s political climate. The findings have significant implications for businesses, as they underscore the importance of maintaining a strong ethical foundation and reputation, regardless of changes in the regulatory environment. By doing so, businesses can build trust and maintain consumer loyalty in the long run.
Identifying serpentine minerals by their chemical compositions with machine learning
Authors: Ji Shichao , Huang Fang , Wang Shaoze , Gupta Priyantan , Seyfried William , Zhang Hejia , Chu Xu , Cao Wentao , ZhangZhou J
Published: April 2023

The three main serpentine minerals, chrysotile, lizardite, and antigorite, form in various geological settings and have different chemical compositions and rheological properties. The accurate identification of serpentine minerals is thus of fundamental importance to understanding global geochemical cycles and the tectonic evolution of serpentine-bearing rocks. However, it is challenging to distinguish specific serpentine species solely based on geochemical data obtained by traditional analytical techniques. Here, we apply machine learning approaches to classify serpentine minerals based on their chemical compositions alone. Using the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, we trained a classifier model (overall accuracy of 87.2%) that is capable of distinguishing between low-temperature (chrysotile and lizardite) and high-temperature (antigorite) serpentines mainly based on their SiO2, NiO, and Al2O3 contents. We also utilized a k-means model to demonstrate that the tectonic environment in which serpentine minerals form correlates with their chemical compositions. Our results obtained by combining these classification and clustering models imply the increase of Al2O3 and SiO2 contents and the decrease of NiO content during the transformation from low-to high-temperature serpentine (i.e., lizardite and chrysotile to antigorite) under greenschist–blueschist conditions. These correlations can be used to constrain mass transfer and the surrounding environments during the subduction of hydrated oceanic crust.
Reaction between volatile-bearing eclogite and harzburgite as a function of degree of interaction: Experimental constraints at 4 GPa
Authors: Elazar Oded , Kessel Ronit
Published: April 2023

The mantle is known to be heterogeneous, mainly composed of peridotite and eclogite. Eclogite-derived hydrous melts may interact with harzburgite at the slab-mantle interface in subduction zones or in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. In this study, such interactions were simulated by performing hybridization experiments in which a layer of eclogite was juxtaposed to a layer of harzburgite in the presence of H2O-CO2 at 4 GPa and 1200 °C, conditions where eclogite is super-solidus while harzburgite is sub-solidus. A diamond trap was placed in between the two layers to trap the fluid or melt phase, allowing direct determination of their composition. The multi-anvil was rotated at different frequencies to examine the effect of increasing degree of interaction on the melt composition as well as the mineral compositions. The interaction of eclogite-derived hydrous melt and harzburgite results in a reaction layer at the interface between the two lithologies, composed of Opx and garnet. The harzburgite above the reaction layer is metasomatized, containing various amounts of olivine, Opx, Cpx, and garnet. The eclogitic melt is modified during this interaction. With increasing interaction, a thicker reaction layer is formed. Both the eclogitic and the peridotitic garnet compositions approach each other and become intermediate between the composition of the garnet in the eclogite+H2O+CO2 system and the garnet in the harzburgite+H2O+CO2 system at these conditions. The Mg# of the peridotitic olivine and Opx decreases with increasing interaction. The initial basaltic melt in equilibrium with eclogite is metaluminous, turning to a peralkaline melt with increasing interaction with the harzburgite. The metasomatizing effect of the eclogite-derived hydrous melt on the harzburgite is observed by increasing the mode of the peridotitic Opx, Cpx, and garnet at the expense of peridotitic olivine and eclogitic garnet. A slight increase in melt fraction occurs as well. This interaction also results in a gradient in the log fO2. Relatively more oxidizing conditions occur near the reaction layer, becoming more reduced into the peridotite, suggesting that the reaction zones act as partial barriers for the melt to travel through the peridotite. Increased interaction leads to higher log fO2 values. These experiments demonstrate the influence of the degree of interaction on the range of melt compositions found in volcanic arcs as well as the degree of metasomatism in the mantle found in the sub continental lithospheric mantle.
Density induced vacuum instability
Authors: Balkin Reuven , Serra Javi , Springmann Konstantin , Stelzl Stefan , Weiler Andreas
Published: April 2023

We consider matter density effects in theories with a false ground state. Large and dense systems, such as stars, can destabilize a metastable minimum and allow for the formation of bubbles of the true minimum. We derive the conditions under which these bubbles form, as well as the conditions under which they either remain confined to the dense region or escape to infinity. The latter case leads to a phase transition in the universe at star formation. We explore the phenomenological consequences of such seeded phase transitions.
Numerical analysis of acoustic scattering from a layer of droplets under external action
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia, Nasibullaeva E.Sh.
Published: April 2023

The study of acoustic scattering from small obstacles is important both for studying the fundamental nature of this phenomenon and from a practical point of view, since many applications of acoustic waves are based on the scattering phenomenon. Within the framework of the problem of acoustic scattering from a set of sound-permeable spheres arbitrarily located in space, under external influence, scattering from a layer of drops is studied. The main goal is to determine the parameters at which the system is sensitive to changes in the droplet radius. A special case of a small spheres layer is possible when a region containing many small inhomogeneities is conditionally two-dimensional one (one of the three dimensions can be neglected). The problem is solved numerically using a generalized calculation technique based on the fast multipole method, which allows achieving high accuracy of the results obtained with minimal CPU time. A series of computational experiments was carried out for various ratios of the physical parameters of the drop and the environment (density and sound speed) for a different number of spheres and the density of their arrangement in the configuration. It is shown that the system is most sensitive to changes in the droplet radius in the case when the elasticity of the substance inside the droplet is less than that of the external environment, and with an increase in the sphere number in dense configurations the system is most sensitive when the elasticity of the substance inside the droplet is much greater than that of the external environment. It is found that the sensitivity to changes in the initial data decreases with an increase in the distance between the sphere centers, that is, with a decrease in the density of the arrangement of the spheres in the configuration.
PH Professional Network: Real-World Implementation: Nursing Role in Balancing the Art and Science of PAH Risk Assessment
Authors: McDevitt Susanne , Wilson Melisa
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive serial risk assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension has shown to determine prognosis, monitor disease progression, and guide treatment decisions. The treatment goal is to achieve a low-risk status, which is associated with lower mortality rate. However, use of formal risk assessment in clinical practice has been inconsistent due to numerous barriers related to the multivariable nature of the scores. This publication reviews strategies to increase risk evaluation in daily clinical practice, while emphasizing the role of the RN and APRN in implementing risk assessment calculation and skillful communication to the patient-family dyad to promote open dialogue with shared decision making and improved patient outcomes.
A Feature Selection Method Based on Graph Theory for Cancer
Classification
Authors: Zhou Kai , Yin Zhixiang , Gu Jiaying , Zeng Zhiliang
Published: April 2023

Objective:

Gene expression profile data is a good data source for people to study
tumors, but gene expression data has the characteristics of high dimension and redundancy.
Therefore, gene selection is a very important step in microarray data classification.

Method:

In this paper, a feature selection method based on the maximum mutual information coefficient
and graph theory is proposed. Each feature of gene expression data is treated as a vertex
of the graph, and the maximum mutual information coefficient between genes is used to measure
the relationship between the vertices to construct an undirected graph, and then the core and coritivity
theory is used to determine the feature subset of gene data.

Results:

In this work, we used three different classification models and three different evaluation
metrics such as accuracy, F1-Score, and AUC to evaluate the classification performance to avoid
reliance on any one classifier or evaluation metric. The experimental results on six different types
of genetic data show that our proposed algorithm has high accuracy and robustness compared to
other advanced feature selection methods.

Conclusion:

In this method, the importance and correlation of features are considered at the same
time, and the problem of gene selection in microarray data classification is solved.
Utilization of Bioactive Silk Protein in the Development of Optical Devices:
Recent Advancements and Applications
Authors: Sharma Rishav , Malviya Rishabha
Published: April 2023

Typically, materials used to create optical devices have chemical and physical properties
that have been precisely designed for a narrowly defined purpose, allowing for changes in design to
account for device variability. There is a growing need for devices built of materials with changeable
optical responses, as optical systems are incorporated into platforms with much functionality. Regenerated
silk fibroin is described in this article as an enabling gadget with an active optical response as a
result of the inherent characteristics of proteins. Silk's capacity for controlled movement, to swell and
shrink reversibly, alter conformation and degradation that is customizable, impacts both the shape and
the response of the optical structure-representative silk-based gadgets. The diversity of silk material is
shown and discussed in this paper, concentrating on architectures that show reconfigurable behavior,
an optical waveguide that is physically temporary and provides reversible responses. Finally, innovative
research directions for silk-based materials and optical devices are presented in this paper. Since
ancient times, silk, a natural biopolymer, has been used as a repair material in medicine. In the past 20
years, it has attracted a lot of interest to be used in several biomedical applications. Various healthcare
items with silk as their substrate have been developed thanks to significant advancements in silk biomaterial
research. Silk is a fabric created from spider and silkworm cocoons. Hierarchical structures
and conventional structural elements are present in them. Different silk types can be produced using
certain methods, such as films, fibers, microspheres, sponges, and hydrogels. The structural characteristics
of secondary proteins present in silk can also be modified. This paper investigates the use of silk
in biomedical and optical applications, and examines the technical trend in electronic fields.
Irisin and Energy Metabolism and the Role of Irisin on Metabolic
Syndrome
Authors: Aladag Tugce , Mogulkoc Rasim , Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasim
Published: April 2023

Irisin is a thermogenic hormone that leads to causes energy expenditure by increasing
brown adipose tissue (BAT). This protein hormone that enables the conversion of white adipose tissue
(WAT) to BAT is the irisin protein. This causes energy expenditure during conversion. WAT stores
triglycerides and fatty acids and contains very few mitochondria. They also involve in the development
of insulin resistance (IR). WAT, which contains a very small amount of mitochondria, contributes
to the formation of IR by storing triglycerides and fatty acids.
WAT functions as endocrine tissue in the body, synthesizing various molecules such as leptin, ghrelin,
NUCB2/nesfatin-1, and irisin along with fat storage. BAT is quite effective in energy expenditure,
unlike WAT. The number of mitochondria and lipid droplets composed of multicellular cells in BAT
is much higher when compared to WAT. BAT contains a protein called uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1)
in the mitochondrial membranes. This protein pumps protons from the intermembrane space toward
the mitochondrial matrix. When UCP1 is activated, heat dissipation occurs while ATP synthesis does
not occur, because UCP1 is a division protein. At the same time, BAT regulates body temperature in
infants. Its effectiveness in adults became clear after the discovery of irisin. The molecular mechanism
of exercise, which increases calorie expenditure, became clear with the discovery of irisin. Thus, the
isolation of irisin led to the clarification of metabolic events and fat metabolism. In this review, literature
information will be given on the effect of irisin hormone on energy metabolism and metabolic
syndrome (MetS).
Molecular Milieu of Autophagy in Cervical Cancer and its Therapeutic
Implications
Authors: Pathak Sneha O. , Manohar Sonal M.
Published: April 2023

Cervical cancer is a common death-causing cancer among women in developing countries.
Majority of the cases are triggered by persistent infections with high-risk Human Papillomavirus
(HPV16 and 18). Metastasis, disease relapse, and drug resistance are common among patients in advanced
stages of cancer despite the available therapies. Consequently, new prospective targets are
needed for this disease. Autophagy is professed to have implications in cervical cancer progression as
well as cancer dormancy. This article reviews the role of autophagy in cervical cancer progression and
the modulation of the autophagy pathway by HPV. Further, various therapeutic agents that target autophagy
in cervical cancer are discussed.
The Importance of Salicylic Acid, Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid on Crop
Production
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli
Published: April 2023

Biostimulants are one of the most important substancesfor improving productivity, growth and
yield of plants as well as heavy metal detoxification, and stimulating natural toxins, controlling pests and
diseases and boosting both water and nutrient efficiency. Google Scholar, Science Direct, CAB Direct,
Springer Link, Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, and Wiley Online Library have been
checked. The search was done to all manuscript sections according to the terms "Salicylic acid," "Humic
acid," "Fulvic acid," "Biostimulants" and "Plant growth promotion." On the basis of the initial check,
Titles and Abstracts were screened on the basis of online literature, and then articles were read carefully.
Salicylic acid may have important roles in abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, cold, heavy metal and
heat stresses, and it has been considered an important environmentally-sound agent with tremendous economical
benefits and rapid responses. The positive effects of the application of salicylic acid have been
reported in crops such as ajwain, alfalfa, anthurium, artemisia, artichoke, barley, bean, black mustard,
broad bean, chickpea, chicory, canola, coriander, corn, cotton, cucumber, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, goji,
longan, milk thistle, millet, onion, pea, pepper, pistachio, radish, rice, rosemary, rye, safflower, saffron,
savory, sorghum, soybean, spinach, strawberry, sugar beet, tomato, wheat, etc. Humic acid can improve
and stimulate plant growth and yield, suppress diseases and promote more resistance to stresses. Fulvic
acid can increase root system and promote seed germination, growth rate and final yield. The present
manuscript highlights the most important impacts of salicylic acid, humic acid, and fulvic acid
,emphasizing their roles in modern sustainable crop production.
Computational Studies to Explore Plant-based Inhibitors for Enoyl- (Acyl Carrier Protein)- Reductase (InhA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Divya , Pandey Anjana
Published: April 2023

Aims:

A computational approach has been adopted to find therapeutically potent herbal compounds with anti-TB properties

Background:

The second largest cause of death globally is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Considering that the BCG vaccine is only marginally effective. This study has focused on enoyl- (acyl carrier protein)- reductase (InhA), one of the important enzymes in M. tuberculosis's type II fatty acid (mycolic acid synthesis) biosynthesis pathway. Bioinformatics-based tools have been used to explore therapeutically sound phytocompounds against InhA.

Objective:

To conduct an insightful study using bioinformatics-based tools to explore phytocompounds originating from different medicinal plants which would act as potent inhibitors of enoyl - (acyl carrier protein)- reductase (InhA) to obstruct the growth of M. tuberculosis.

Methods:

Molecular docking (using EasyDockVina) has been used for screening the 150 phytocompounds against Enoyl - (acyl carrier protein)- reductase (InhA). AMDET analysis was performed using DruLito and protox II to test the drug-likeness properties of phytocompounds.

Results:

From the results of molecular docking and two-dimensional interaction, it is concluded that Licoflavone B, Tembaterine, Colubrine and Shinpterocarpin are the potent inhibitors of InhA.

Conclusion:

According to this study, Licoflavone B, Tembaterine, Columbin, and Shinpterocarpin have positively passed AMDET screening and have high docking scores. These phytocompounds can be considered safe drug candidates against InhA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
WITHDRAWN: Optimization of Wheat Bran and Refined Flour for the Development of Fiber Rich Pasta
Authors: Nidhi  , Saroj Reshma , Singh Monika , Kaur Devinder
Published: April 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php.

BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER:
It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.