bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kemampuan Kognitif Melalui Implementasi Media Software Proteus Dalam Setting Cooperative Learning Pada Materi Listrik Dinamis
Authors: Tamaela Elsina S. , Latupeirissa Asry N. , Sapulete Heppy
Published: May 2024

This study aim is to determine the increasingly of cognitive abilities dynamic electrical material through Proteus software media in cooperative learning models for students of SMP Negeri 17 Ambon. The type of research is a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The population of this study were students of class X with a sample of 23 people who were taken randomly. The research data were collected using a dynamic electrical material test instrument that had been validated by two experts. The results of the analysis show that the initial cognitive abilities of students as a whole are in the failed qualification (100%) with an average value of 17.24. Meanwhile, the lowest value was 8.10 and the highest was 28.37. This finding shows that students do not yet have knowledge of dynamic electrical material. The failure of the students was then corrected by using Proteus software media in the cooperative learning model. The results of the analysis show that 26% are in very good qualifications, 22% are in good qualifications, while for sufficient and failed qualifications, respectively 26% with the lowest score of 57, the highest 95 and the average cognitive ability of 80.48. Based on the results of normalized gain analysis obtained an increase in cognitive abilities of 70% in the high category and 30% in the medium category. This finding shows that the integration of Proteus software media is very helpful for students in constructing their knowledge. Through Proteus software media, abstract learning material becomes concrete and makes it easier for students to understand it. This proves that the integration of proteus software learning media in cooperative learning settings can help to improve cognitive abilities well.
Analisis Standar Perencanaan Penilaian, Kaidah Penulisan Soal Dan Kriteria Butir Soal Pilihan Ganda Tes Sumatif Fisika Kelas X Pada SMA Kristen 1 Amahai, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Uneputty Venolia Ceylon , Huliselan Estevanus Kristian , Malawau Seska
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of summative physics test questions for the even semester of the 2019/2020 school year in class X MIA2 students at SMA Kristen 1 Amahai, Central Maluku Regency, as a learning evaluation tool. The analysis results show that in preparing the questions, educators have been 100% guided by the assessment planning standards set by the BSNP. In addition, the rules for writing multiple-choice questions have been fulfilled 97%. On the other hand, the fulfillment of the criteria for good items from the validity criteria has reached 75% in the very valid and valid categories. Furthermore, the test reliability correlation coefficient is 0.64 in the high category, the difficulty level of the questions with a ratio of 4.5:4:1.5, the discriminatory power in the moderate and good categories was 95%, and the distractor function was 85% in the very good and good categories. Based on the results of the analysis showed that the questions were appropriate to be used as a learning evaluation tool.
Peningkatan Penguasaan Materi Kalor Dan Perpindahannya Melalui Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Problem Posing
Authors: Sapulete Heppy , Nirahua Juliana , Barus Carolina Sri Athena
Published: May 2024

This study aims to describe the improvement of the ability to master heat material and its transfer by implementing a problem posing learning model in grade VII students of SMP Santo Andreas Ambon. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods. The instruments used are the initial test instrument and the final test. The results of this study showed that the initial ability of students in heat and transfer material was very low with an average score of 43.5 achievement being in the qualification of failing. After learning with the problem posing learning model, the average score of the final ability of students was 84.2 with good qualifications. The increase in student material mastery after applying the problem posing learning model is in the high category of 65% and the medium category of 35% with an average increase (N Gain) of 0.70% with moderate qualifications. Thus, it can be concluded that learning using the problem posing learning model can improve the mastery of heat material and its transfer to grade VII students of SMP Santo Andreas Ambon.
Pengembangan Peralatan Eksperimen Gerak Lurus Beraturan (GLB) Berbasis Smartphone
Authors: Kakay Pricillia Patrecia , Renyaan Novie Evelyn , Ririhena Yohana , Latununuwe Altje , Huliselan Estevanus Kristian , Singerin Sarlota
Published: May 2024

Smartphone-based experimental equipment has been successfully developed for measuring a straight motion at a constant velocity. Read the data that comes out on the smartphone using the Accelerator Monitor software. The data is in graphic form. From the graph, it can be seen that the acceleration is zero. Furthermore vary the displacement distance, which is 100 cm and 130 cm to measure the velocity of the toy cars. The results showed that the time taken was 5 seconds and 6.5 seconds respectively for a displacement of 100 cm and 130 cm. The calculation of the velocity value for both displacements is the same value of 20 cm⁄s. This shows that the velocity value is constant which is equal to the graph results showing zero acceleration.
Pengembangan Evaluasi Pembelajaran Fisika Materi Teori Atom
Authors: Barus Carolina Sri Athena , Sapulete Heppy , Nirahua Juliana
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to develop a product in the form of an evaluation model of the physics learning process on atomic theory material that is suitable for use by students. The method used in this study is the Research and Development (R & D) method. The research subjects consisted of 22 students at the fifth-semester level in the Physics Education Study Program, at Pattimura University. The data was collected, namely through test sheets and observation sheets. Based on the trial results, all the instruments used in this study had a good model fit. This is because construct validity and reliability meet academic requirements. Meanwhile, the results of assessments from practitioners and users stated that the evaluation model of the physics learning process in atomic theory material for modern physics courses and learning outcomes was quite effective to apply.
Identifikasi Sebaran Dan Volume Pasir Besi Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Konfigurasi Wenner-Schulumberger Dan Analisis Kandungan Fe Didalamnya Menggunakan X-Ray Fluorescence Di Desa Paca Bagian Selatan
Authors: Papuling Eminia Sofya , Sadjab Bayu Achil , Kurnia Kurnia , Buka Oktosea , Janis Harsen Berg , Yusniar Masitah , Nur Adrian Rahmat , Anwar Haerul
Published: May 2024

This research uses the Naniura NRD300 HF tool to apply the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration geoelectric method which aims to determine the direction of distribution of iron sand, the volume of iron sand, and the Fe2O3 concentration of iron sand in the southern Paca beach area. The collected measurement results are then processed by RES2DINV software into a 2 Dimensional (2D) cross section which shows the distribution value of the subsurface layer as shown by a color image. After being saved in (.xyz) format, the RES2DINV software results are processed in RockWork software to create a pseudo-3D cross section. The RES2DINV software results show a resistivity value between 0,0761 – 3,59 Ωm which is identified as iron sand with a volume of 13,304 m3 at a depth of 2,50 – 9 meters from the surface of the datum point, while on track 2, the resistivity value ranges between 0,414 – 3,13 Ωm, and at a depth of 2,50 – 7 meters from the surface of the datum point with a volume reaching 12,883 m3 based on the results of the RockWork software. The distribution of iron sand deposits in the study area is from south to north. The method used to determine the composition of minerals present in a sample is called X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results of the analysis of the Fe2O3 content in the first pass were 36,704% and in pass 2 it was 35,500%.
KÜRESEL KURULUŞLARIN EĞİTİM VE KÜLTÜREL KONULARLA İLGİLİ FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: Yalçın Ali
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma, küresel kuruluşların eğitim ve kültürel faaliyetleri ile geleceğin eğitim politikaları üzerindeki etkilerini ele almaktadır. Politikaların oluşturulmasında, çeşitli kesimleri temsil eden paydaşların görüşlerine dayanmanın önemi vurgulanmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmanın amacı, küresel kuruluşların eğitim ve kültürel faaliyetleri üzerinden geleceğin eğitim politikalarına dair önemli görüşleri ve düşüncelerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırma, genellikle tekli veya ikili küresel kuruluş ekseni üzerinde yapılan literatür çalışmalarının ötesine geçerek çok eksenli uluslararası kuruluşların eğitim faaliyetlerine odaklanmıştır. İncelenen küresel kuruluşlar arasında Birleşmiş Milletler, Avrupa Konseyi, Avrupa Birliği, Dünya Bankası, İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı, OECD, ASEAN, AU, Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı ve Greenpeace bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, seçilen kuruluşların eğitim ve kültürel faaliyetlerini, amaçlarını, hedeflerini, politikalarını ve beklentilerini sistematik bir şekilde derlenerek özetlenmiştir. Bu kuruluşların seçilme gerekçeleri arasında, bölgesel ve küresel karar alma yetenekleri, farklı sosyo-ekonomik düzeyleri, üye sayıları ve konu kapsamındaki farklılıkları olarak açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları göre, küresel kuruluşların eğitim ve kültürel faaliyetleri mevcut literatürle uyumlu bir biçimde ele alınmış ve gelecekteki eğitim politikalarının, toplumların değişen ihtiyaçlarına ve koşullarına uygun olarak şekillenmesinin önemli olduğuna vurgu yapmaktadır. Genel değerlendirmelerde, küresel kuruluşların eğitim ve kültürel faaliyetlerine dair, eğitim politikalarının esnek ve sürekli bir şekilde güncellenmesi gerektiği, böylece toplumların değişen sosyal ihtiyaçlarına ve teknolojik gelişmelere uyum sağlayabileceği ifade edilmektedir. Bu süreçte, küresel kuruluşların eğitim ve kültürel faaliyetlerini en çok etkileyen temel konunun sürdürülebilir kalkınma olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.
Mechanical properties of hypoeutectic, eutectic, and hypereutectic Al-Si automotive alloys under ageing treatment
Authors: Ahammed Dewan Salsabil , Razin Ahmed Asif , Khan Akib Abdullah , Kaiser Mohammad Salim
Published: May 2024

The role of different levels of silicon on mechanical properties has been investigated through tensile and impact tests along with fractography of Al-Si automotive alloys. Cast alloys are given precipitation strengthening through T6 heat treatment. It has been experimentally determined that ageing these alloys leads to the enhancement of tensile properties, which is mainly caused by the precipitation of the intermetallics such as Al2Cu, Mg2Si, and Al2CuMg within the Al-matrix. The ductility of these alloys primarily exhibit a diminishing trend as the ageing temperature increased. This diminishing trend can be attributed to the formation of fine precipitates like GP zones and metastable phases. However, after reaching a certain temperature, the ductility started to increase again. This is caused by the coarsening of the precipitates. At higher strain rates, the tensile strength is found to be identical for higher Si-added alloys due to their brittleness. The microstructures of the alloys reveal that as Si content increases, eutectic phases become more apparent. Fractography of the base alloy exhibits a small dimple structure, and higher Si-added alloys initiate the crack propagation. Beyond eutectic composition, the mechanical properties of the alloys became distorted due to block-like primary Si into the Al-matrix.
Hukum Perseroan Terbatas dan Perkembangannya di Indonesia
Authors: Yusuf Maulana Syekh , Gani Adinda Mutia , Siddiq Nakzim Khalid
Published: May 2024

Penilitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan menganal Perseroan Terbatas dan perkembangannya di Indonesia. Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data sekunder dengan studi pustaka (library research). Data akan dianalisa secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Pendekatan perundang-undangan memerlukan pemahaman legislasi dan regulasi secara hierarkis, asas-asas dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, termasuk juga materi muatannya. secara historis pengaturan hukum perseroan pertamakali diatur dalam Pasal 36 sampai dengan Pasal 56 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang (KUHD) Kedudukan Perseroan Terbatas tersebut sebagai badan hukum semata-mata ditentukan oleh pengesahan sebagai badan hukum yang diberikan oleh Kementrian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia dan sejak saat itu Perseroan Terbatas menjadi subjek hukum yang mampu mendudung hak dan kewajiban bertanggungjawab secara mandiri terhadap segala akibat yang timbul atas perbuatan hukum yang telah dilakukan Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data sekunder dengan studi pustaka. PT pertama kali diatur dalam Pasal 36 sampai dengan Pasal 56 KUHD yang berlaku di Indonesia sejak tahun 1848 dan aturan tersebut sekaligus membuktikan bahwa bentuk perseroan terbatas sudah lama dikenal di Indonesia. Pada era reformasi kemudian disahkan UndangUndang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 Tentang Perseroan Terbatas.
Fungsi Asas Legalitas dalam Kekuasaan Kehakiman untuk Melakukan Penemuan Hukum
Authors: Utari Pingkan , Widya Saputri Galih Pratama
Published: May 2024

Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Fungsi Asas Legalitas dalamkekuasaan kehakiman untuk melakukan penemuan hukum, metode penulisan adalah Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data sekunder dengan studi pustaka (library research). Data akan dianalisa secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). UUD 1945 menegaskan bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara hukum. Menurut ketentuan tersebut, salah satu prinsip negara hukum yang terpenting adalah adanya jaminan pelaksanaan kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka, bebas dari campur tangan kekuasaan hukum lainnya, untuk menegakkan hukum dan keadilan. Peraturan hukum pada dasarnya tidak lengkap tidak ada dan tidak mungkin ada peraturan perundang-undangan yang dapat mengatur secara lengkap, lengkap dan jelas seluruh kegiatan kehidupan manusia, karena kegiatan kehidupan manusia sangat beraneka ragam baik sifat maupun jumlahnya. Berlakunya asas legalitas dalam pasal 1 ayat (1) KUHP sebenarnya tidak mutlak, karena KUHP bukanlah undang-undang dasar melainkan kodifikasi hukum pidana belaka, dan di samping itu pembuat undang-undang dapat mengubah undang-undang sewaktu-waktu jika diperlukan (DPR bersama pemerintah). Lain halnya jika asas legalitas yang tidak mudah diubah dituangkan dalam konstitusi.
Analisis Kasus Main Hakim Sendiri di Tarumajaya Bekasi dalam Perspektif Kriminologi Pidana
Authors: Utari Pingkan
Published: May 2024

Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana main hakim sendiri dapat dikenakan hukuman dalam kasus Tarumajaya Bekasi dalam perspektif Kriminologi Pidana, metode hukum yang digunakan normatif data yang dikumpulkan adalah data skunder dengan studi pustaka (library research). Data akan dianalisa secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Main hukum sendiri (Eigenrichting) adalah tindakan diskresioner yang dilakukan oleh individu atau kelompok yang menggunakan kekerasan terhadap seseorang yang dicurigai melakukan kejahatan tanpa melibatkan proses hukum. istilah tindakan main hakim sendiri sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan situasi di mana individu atau kelompok melakukan tindakan kekerasan terhadap orang yang dicurigai melakukan kejahatan. Sistem hukum Indonesia memiliki tiga elemen yang harus dilakukan dengan tepat dan cermat agar upaya penanggulangan terhadap tindakan main hakim sendiri dapat diterapkan dan terlaksana oleh masyarakat. Substansi hukum, budaya hukum dan Struktur Hukum.
An Analysis of Narrative Structure in Interstellar and Ready Player One
Authors: Akbar Danu Ilham
Published: May 2024

This article explores science fiction films, a popular genre known for its depiction of technology as a symbol of the future. The future depicted in these science fiction films is a sign of hope and critics of a particular social problem. Using Interstellar and Ready Player One as case studies, this research aims to explore the broader and deeper meanings conveyed through the narrative structure of the films, including language, issues discussed, and the use of other elements. The analysis uses a qualitative method, which involves observing the movie, recording important data, and connecting the narrative with visual aspects. The research reveals how narrative and visual elements complement each other to create a memorable cinematic experience. The results show that Interstellar is identified as a science fiction film rooted in scientific principles, with a focus on space exploration and time dilation. Ready Player One, on the other hand, leans more towards fantasy, incorporating virtual reality and magical elements. Despite this difference, both movies are considered science fiction, as fantasy shares elements with the genre.
Maslow's and Freud's Theories Reflected in Andrew Laeddis' Character
Authors: Novelia Hutagaol Friskila Yesika , Widyaningrum Agnes
Published: May 2024

This research explores the portrayal of schizophrenia symptoms in the character Andrew Laeddis from the movie "Shutter Island". It examines how psychoanalysis and Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be applied to analyze his condition and coping mechanisms. The study aims to understand how Andrew deals with his schizophrenia and fulfils his needs as a person with a mental illness. The research adopts a psychological approach, using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This research uses the qualitative descriptive method and content analysis techniques to analyze Andrew's character. The data for analysis and interpretation are derived from the film's script and related theories. The study combines qualitative methods and content analysis to provide a detailed portrayal of Andrew Laeddis' psychological makeup and character traits. The findings reveal that Andrew exhibits symptoms representing the three aspects of Freud's psychological structure: id, ego, and superego. The id is evident in his violent and impulsive behaviour driven by a desire for revenge. The ego is seen in his desire for control and mastery over his mind and body. The superego manifests as his respect for authority and social norms. Additionally, the analysis based on Maslow's theory shows that Andrew's behaviour reflects his struggle to fulfil his basic physiological needs and his higher-level needs for safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Students’ Involvement Analysis towards Teachers’ Teaching Reflection and Its Impact on Classroom
Authors: Asrobi Maman , Nazri Muhammad Adib , Hakim Zordi Wirawan Asroful , Jaelani Selamet Riadi
Published: May 2024

Analyzing students' involvement in teachers' teaching reflection can offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of classroom instruction. By encouraging students to participate in the reflection process, teachers can gain a better understanding of their strengths and areas for improvement. This study aimed to investigate students' involvement in teachers' teaching reflection and its impact on classroom.  The participants of this study were 20 students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah NW Sikur. This study used qualitative descriptive research approach. There are two sorts of data sources in qualitative research: primary resources and secondary resources. The result revealed that students generally responded positively to being involved in teachers' teaching reflection. In conclusion, the analysis of students' involvement in teachers' teaching reflection and its impact on the classroom highlights the significant role students can play in shaping effective teaching practices and fostering a conducive learning environment.
Implementation of the Teacher in Educational Management Literacy at Elementary School
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan
Published: May 2024

School of literacy movement has the goal of familiarizing and motivating students want to read and write in order to foster characters. Literacy Movement is a participatory effort or activity involving school members (students, teachers, school principals, education staff, school supervisors. Need for proper management in literacy learning. This study aims to answer the question how to manage educational literacy in elementary school through four aspects of activities namely planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. This research used in-depth interviews. The data analyzed in this study were in the form of narrative transcripts produced through interview and documentation techniques. The stages the analysis is data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The results of this study indicate that 85% of several elementary schools in Langsa City apply planning in the educational literacy management program carried out by the school is to set goals, make short term plans as the main goal from the learning literacy management program is used so that it is effective and efficient.
Students’ Difficulties in Constructing Paragraph Writing by Using Regular and Irregular
Authors: Setianingsih Tri , Nafisah Baiq Zuhrotun
Published: May 2024

This study was raised from the problems of students’ difficulties in constructing paragraph by using regular and irregular at the second-grade student of Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Jannah Nadhatul Wathan Ampenan. The aimed of this study were; the first, to find out the students’ difficulties in constructing paragraph writing. The second, to find out the causes of students’ difficulties in using regular and irregular forms. This study used qualitative research. The data were collected by using written test and questionnaires. The first result showed that the most common students’ difficulties was in using Verb 2 simple past on irregular verb forms with 20 difficulties or 100% and the second common students’ difficulties was in using Verb 1 (base form) with 12 difficulties or 60%, and the third common students’ difficulties was in using Verb +ed (simple past) on regular verb forms with 12 difficulties or 60%, the fourth common students’ difficulties was in using Verb 3 (past participle) on irregular verb with 8 difficulties or 40%, and the last students’ difficulties was in using V+ing participle with 4 difficulties or 20%.The second result showed that the causes of students’ difficulties found on three aspects; psychological, environment and non-social environment aspects. In psychological, there were 95% students had problem with his/her intelligence in mastering English material. In environment aspect, there were 75% students did not get an attention from his/her parents. In non-social environment aspect, there were 70% students had problem with the material that was given by the teacher, 60% students lacked of the teacher’s attention.
Clavis: A New Selection and Gradation to Accelerate a Comprehensive Para-Tenses Mastery
Authors: Jaelani Jaelani
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the effectiveness of the Clavis Selection and Gradation approach in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Grounded in the theories of Richards (2017) and Faravani & Zeraatpishe (2016), which underscore the significance of grammar selection and gradation, this research employs a mixed-methods approach to address its objectives comprehensively. Two distinct groups of English teacher trainees from Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram are strategically selected for the study, with one group undergoing the Clavis Selection approach. At the same time, the other follows the conventional scheme. Data collection encompasses Pre-Test and Post-Test assessments and open-ended interviews. The assessments cover various grammatical aspects, and both groups receive treatment through five sessions. By integrating quantitative and qualitative data analysis, this study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the Clavis Selection approach's impact on EFL learners, contributing to the field of language education. Pre- and Post-Test assessments, coupled with open-ended interviews, reveal that the Clavis Selection approach significantly improves learners' grammar proficiency compared to conventional methods. This mixed-methods research advances our understanding of grammar instruction and underscores the relevance of systematic selection and gradation in EFL pedagogy.
The Effect of Metacognitive Scaffolding Strategy in Improving English Writing Skill at Senior High School Students
Authors: Mardiah Issyatul , Sya’roin Isnaini , Junaidi Muh
Published: May 2024

The research aims to determine whether metacognitive scaffolding strategy has an effect on improving the English writing skill of making argumentative paragraphs of academic writing and how metacognitive scaffolding strategy can improve the English writing skill of senior high school students at Madrasah Aliyah Mu'allimat Nahdlatul Wathan Anjani. The quantitative research method used was a true experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample was 33 students from the school with 17 students in the experimental class using the metacognitive scaffolding strategy and 16 students in the control class using the conventional strategy, and the study lasted four weeks. The mean pre-test for the experimental class was 48.94 and 50.75 for the control class. Using the paired sample t-test, the mean post-test of the experimental class showed a significant improvement; the mean was 74, or 14 points more than the control class. By using this significant value, the researcher tested the effect size using Cohen’s d test. The experimental class's Cohen's d value was 1.59, indicating that this learning strategy is very effective in improving students' writing, according to Cohen's d table for measuring variable effectiveness. Therefore, the metacognitive scaffolding strategy has an effect on improving writing skills in senior high school students. Furthermore, students showed positive results in their leadership, critical thinking, and problem-solving ability.
Methodology of ICG marking technique in modern pelvic surgery: applied aspects (Literature review)
Authors: Gladchuk I.Z. , Kiriakova D.A. , Sidak O.E. , Kozhakov V.L.
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to a review of scientific publications on the use of the Indocyanine green (ICG) labeling technique in modern pelvic surgery. This dye was developed by Kodak Research Laboratories in 1955 and approved for clinical use in 1959, but has only recently come into widespread use. ICG-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence is introduced to improve visualization and provide more detailed anatomical localization during surgery.The dye binds to blood plasma proteins, it is quickly excreted from the organism and is non-toxic and has no found complications after its administration. Many studies have been conducted on the use of this technique: visualization of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in various oncogynecological diseases; visualization of ureters, lymphatic drainage, tissue perfusion, vessels of various sizes, colorectal blood circulation, etc. The high detection rate of SLN (unilateral and bilateral) with ICG compared with other dyes such as radiocolloid and patent blue suggests its effectiveness.The condition of SLN has an important prognostic and therapeutic value, based on the obtained results, a more correct further adjuvant treatment can be prescribed. A sentinel lymph node labeling procedure was performed as an alternative to systemic lymphadenectomy to assess the status of lymphovascular invasion. The use of ICG-marking allows to reduce the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Many experimental studies have been conducted in relation to the assessment of uterine vascularization, preservation of individual vessels, their identification and measurement of blood flow.The article provides data from scientists on the use of the ICG-marking technique in endometrial, cervical, vulva, vaginal, ovarian cancer, as well as in endometriosis and for visualization of the ureters. This technique causes active discussions in the scientific community, requires further research and should be more widely used in various directions of surgical interventions.
Analysis of the Consumption of Medicinal Products Associated with a High Risk of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Petrov V. I. , Ryazanova A. Yu. , Tokareva N. S.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION. The risk of liver damage correlates with the severity of COVID-19. However, a growing number of studies have shown an association between liver function impairment and combinations of medicinal products used to treat COVID-19.

AIM. The study aimed to analyse the annual consumption of medicinal products associated with a high risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) used as part of combination therapy in COVID-19 patients and to review a number of medication administration records in order to develop measures to prevent DILI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used the ATC/DDD methodology to study consumption data for 2020, 2021, and 2022 and analysed a sample of 1250 inpatient medical records and medication administration records of COVID-19 patients treated in a Volgograd region hospital converted into a COVID-19 care centre. For genetically engineered biologicals and cyclophosphamide, which were lacking DDDs, the authors calculated the volume of consumption using the average dose per treatment course. The authors identified medicines capable of causing clinically apparent liver damage (according to the LiverTox database and Russian clinical practice guidelines) and/or elevated liver enzymes in ≥1% of patients (according to safety reports).

RESULTS. The study found that 28% of the medicinal products used in combination for inpatient treatment of COVID-19 were associated with a high risk of DILI. In 2020, 2021, and 2022, the total consumption of medicinal products associated with a high risk of DILI was 342.3, 425.3, and 402.3 DDDs per 100 bed days, and the total consumption of genetically engineered biologicals (administered as a single dose) and cyclophosphamide was 3.5, 16.9, and 29.7 average course doses per 100 patients, respectively. According to the selective analysis of medical records, 19.8% (247/1250) reported concomitant use of 5 or more medicinal products associated with a high risk of DILI, which increased the risk of adverse drug interactions leading to DILI. In 2022, the most prescribed medicinal products with a high risk of DILI were omeprazole (188.7 DDDs per 100 bed days), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol (54.4 DDDs per 100 bed days), atorvastatin (46.2 DDDs per 100 bed days), levofloxacin (26.4 DDDs per 100 bed days), ceftriaxone (20.5 DDDs per 100 bed days), favipiravir (17.3 DDDs per 100 bed days), and genetically engineered biologicals (24.0 DDDs per 100 bed days).

CONCLUSIONS. To reduce the risk of DILI in COVID-19 patients admitted to infectious disease units, including the risk of DILI due to drug interactions, it is necessary to limit the use of hepatotoxic antibacterial agents, proton-pump inhibitors, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or consider alternative medicinal products with a lower risk of hepatotoxicity.
Methodological aspects of using NIR spectroscopy to assess biochemical indicators in barley grain
Authors: Popov V. S. , Shelenga T. V. , Kovaleva O. N. , Khoreva V. I.
Published: May 2024

Background. The possibility of applying near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for rapid assessment of various biochemical parameters in barley varieties and forms is discussed. The data obtained by the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of VIR served to construct calibration models for the content of protein, starch, oil, beta-glucans, and total phenolic compounds (PhC) in grain, facilitating further screening of various barley samples.

Materials and methods. The chemical composition of grain was studied in naked and covered spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions grown in 2022 in the northwest of Russia. Calibration models were developed to measure the content of protein, oil, starch, beta-glucans, and PhC (80 accessions) in barley grain with the Matrix-I IR analyzer (Bruker Optics, Germany). The models were constructed on the basis of the data obtained by conventional techniques of chemical analysis. The protein/ nitrogen content was assessed using the Kjeldahl method, oil according to the method of defatted dry residue modified by S. V. Ruszkovsky, starch by the polarimetric method according to Evers, beta-glucans by gravimetric analysis, and the total PhC content by the Folin–Ciocâlteu method modified by Singleton and Rossi.

Results. Statistical significance of the constructed calibration tests was compared with the results of measuring protein, starch, oil, beta-glucan and PhC levels by chemical methods. It was shown that the data of calibration techniques for protein and starch were significant, while the remaining models required improvement.

Conclusion. The proposed method helps to preserve valuable source material, increases labor efficiency, and does not require chemical reagents. Scanning each sample makes it possible to obtain data for several indicators at once, with a specified replication and standard deviation.
The plant germplasm and herbarium (WIR) collections maintained at VIR as contributors to grape genetic diversity conservation, expansion and utilization
Authors: Agakhanov M. M. , Bagmet L. V. , Tikhonova N. G. , Erastenkova M. V. , Kislin E. N. , Ukhatova Yu. V. , Khlestkina E. K.
Published: May 2024

Improving the standards of collecting and maintaining valuable genetic resources accessions and information about them is currently of crucial importance for the successful development of the world viticulture in the light of the challenges caused by the spread of grape diseases and climate change. This review briefly characterizes the global grapevine gene pool, approaches to its conservation, including base and duplicate conservation techniques, and the current status and prospects of the progress in in vitro and cryogenic preservation methods. The genetic potential of grape wild relatives is assessed focusing on particular species as sources of resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stressors. Achievements in the application of gene editing technologies to increase grape resistance to diseases are discussed. It is noted that a common practice at this stage is to knock out the genes responsible for grapevine susceptibility to diseases, whereas a more advantageous approach in the future will be to make targeted changes in the grape genome based on the knowledge of resistance genes in its wild relatives. Therefore, grape wild relatives need to be studied thoroughly using modern methods of forward and reverse genetics. Regarding the issues of grape genetic diversity conservation and expansion at the current technological stage, the status and significance of the plant germplasm and herbarium (WIR) collections held by VIR are scrutinized in detail. Authentication of grape germplasm accessions is marked as important, along with the role of the WIR herbarium, a unique collection incorporating physical carriers of reference genetic information on the national grapevine gene pool. Promising trends in the development of the WIR herbarium are outlined in connection with the establishment and preservation of nomenclature standards for domestic grape cultivars.
Features of the water regime and photosynthesis in hybrid forms of cherry plum under the dry wind season conditions
Authors: Grigoriev A. V. , Pilkevich R. A. , Lukicheva L. A. , Gubanova T. B. , Gorina V. M.
Published: May 2024

Background. The results of a study on the drought resistance of cherry plum hybrid forms are presented. Water retention capacity of leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured under the simulated conditions close to the dry wind season.

Materials and methods. The water regime parameters were studied for five cherry plum genotypes in 2021 and 2022. Leaves of four hybrid forms developed at the Nikita Botanical Gardens and the reference cherry plum hybrid cultivar ‘Rumyanaya Zorka’ (Prunus rossica Erem.) were taken into the experiments. Using the guidelines by G. N. Eremeev and A. I. Lishchuk, a series of experiments on controlled leaf wilt at the air temperature of +27°C and relative humidity of 30% were conducted on cherry plum to assess the functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus during the development of water stress under dry wind conditions. The experiments were carried out in a Binder climate chamber. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured using a portable Floratest fluorometer. The measurements were based on the parameters of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve (CFI) obtained on native leaves. The leaves of cv. ‘Rumyanaya Zorka’ in the state of complete watering served as the reference.

Results and discussion. Dependence was identified between chlorophyll fluorescence and moisture content in the leaves of the studied samples. The hybrids were found to respond to drought in different ways. A relatively increased ability to retain moisture during dehydration was observed in form 12/26 whose leaves gave off moisture more slowly and restored their turgor better. It is promising for cultivation in areas with insufficient water supply. Form 99/36 had the lowest potential drought resistance. Forms 99/14 and 9/28 occupied an intermediate position.
Ontogenetic features of Saposhnikovia divaricate (Turcz.) Schischk. introduced into the environments of the Cis-Baikal Region
Authors: Khudonogova E. G. , Polovinkina S. V.
Published: May 2024

Background. Saposhnikovia (Saposhnikovia Schischk.) is a monotypic genus occurring in the south of Eastern Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia, Manchuria, and Korea. Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. grows in Baikal Siberia and Transbaikalia, but does not occur in the Cis-Baikal Region. Roots, grass and fruits of S. divaricata are used in Oriental medicine as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent. The species is promising for introduction into domestic medical practice. Currently, its area of distribution is rapidly shrinking due to the uncontrolled collection of roots for medicinal purposes. Plant introduction studies can solve the problem of sustainable utilization and conservation of the species.

Materials and methods. Ontogenetic features of S. divaricata were studied in the experimental field of Irkutsk State Agrarian University for three years. The age composition of the species was analyzed according to T. A. Rabotnov’s methodology, taking into account the publications by L. B. Zaugolnova with coauthors and E. L. Nukhimovsky.

Results and conclusions. S. divaricata is an aboveground two-seeded semi-deciduous plant; its seed germination rate is 87– 90% in the laboratory, and 85–88% in the field. Its plants in the first year of their life pass through the stages of the pregenerative period and proceed into the winter season in a virginal state. About 6% of the plants enter the generative state in the second year of life, and all the rest do it in the third year. The highest root weight was recorded in virginal plants in their second year of life (12.48 g). S. divaricata is a species of mediocre prospects for introduction into the environments of the Cis-Baikal Region.
Rapid assessment of the main economic value indicators in lupine flour samples using infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Popov V. S. , Salikova A. V. , Perchuk I. N. , Konkova N. G. , Egorova G. P. , Vishnyakova M. A. , Shelenga T. V.
Published: May 2024

Background. A calibration model has been developed for rapid assessment of economic value indicators (protein, oil, and quinolizidine alkaloid contents) in the seeds of narrowleaf lupine accessions from VIR using near-infrared spectroscopy, with the help of which it is possible to decide on the further use of the accessions.

Materials and methods. Biochemical quality indicators (protein, oil, and quinolizidine alkaloid content) were studied in the seeds of narrowleaf lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grown in 2019 in the northwest of Russia. Calibration models for measuring protein, oil and alkaloids in lupine seeds (62 accessions) were developed using a MATRIX-I IR analyzer (Bruker Optics, Germany). To construct calibration models, we used the values obtained by chemical analysis methods accepted at VIR. The oil content in lupine seeds was assessed by the defatted dry residue technique in Soxhlet extractors, protein by the Kjeldahl method, and quinolizidine alkaloids by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. All indicators were recalculated on the dry-weight basis.

Results and conclusion. Statistical significance of the developed models was verified according to the results of measuring the content of protein, oil and alkaloids in the seeds of the test batch. The protein and oil content data obtained using a calibration curve did not differ significantly from the results of chemical studies, in contrast to alkaloid indicators. Consequently, the developed calibration model for the MATRIX-I IR analyzer can be used for rapid assessment of protein and oil content in narrowleaf lupine flour samples, thus accelerating the process of obtaining data on the main economic value indicators. The analysis does not require reagents and is safe.
Leveraging Decentralized Clinical Trial Management Systems (dCTMS) to Advance Science: Exploring Challenges related to the Diffusion of Innovation and its Execution
Authors: Rao Rama Krishna R
Published: May 2024

Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) recently gained attention in research necessary for drug development. While the COVID-19 pandemic proved to be a challenging time in this arena, drug development was a critical area of emphasis in the rapid development of vaccines. DCTs were necessary to allow research activities to occur across many locations. Although the use of DCTs play a pivotal role in reshaping healthcare, as technology expands further into the digital space implementation challenges must be considered. A working group of experts assembled, during an interactive learning exercise at the Conv2X conference (2023), to explore challenges related to the diffusion of innovation among key stakeholders. Common “pain points” of technology and an innovative approach that used a blockchain anchored solution were presented. Experts were divided into three stakeholder groups (patients, payers, and pharmaceutical sponsor) which reconvened for an overall discussion. Several themes, that can be supported by blockchain technology, emerged. These include enhanced efficiencies, patient experience / demographic diversity, data integrity / privacy / security, and cost-effectiveness. Future research may focus on additional stakeholder groups that are less familiar with these technological advances and using technology to increase diversity in study populations.
The Reduction of Blood Pressure in Elderly People with Hypertension Through Morning Walk Therapy
Authors: Sia Mawan Yulia Fatmawati  , Kusuma Laila Watik  , Alvin Abdillah
Published: May 2024

Background: Hypertension in the elderly is a very dangerous disease because without early indications it can cause sudden death. The prevalence of people with hypertension in the Burneh Health Center in 2021 is 15.935 people (11.29%). The proportion of elderly with hypertension is 1,820 elderly men (0.10%) and 1,670 elderly women (0.09%).
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of morning walking physical activity on reducing systolic blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension.
Method: This study was conducted in the village of Burneh, Bangkalan, East Java, Indonesia from May to June 2022. The research design used a Quasy Experiment with a Pre-test and Post-test approach, the independent variable in this study was physical activity therapy for morning walks and the dependent variable systolic blood pressure in elderly with hypertension. The sample size is 14 elderly with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used the Paired t-test.
Results: The results of the statistical test obtained p-value = 0.041 <0.05 indicating that there was a difference in systolic blood pressure before and after being given physical activity therapy for the morning walk. Most of the respondents (57.14%) experienced a decrease in systolic blood pressure with an average decrease of 8.72 mmHg.
Conclusion: Therapeutic physical activity walking in the morning has a significant effect on systolic blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension. Health workers need to provide correct information about the benefits of morning walks for elderly people with hypertension and monitor the consistency of sufferers.
Analysis of Clinical Features of Pulmonary TB Patients at Dr. Hospital. P.P. Magretti Saumlaki in 2022
Authors: Anna Lince Dasmasela  , Yuly Peristiowati
Published: May 2024

Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis is the most common disease in 2022 at RSUD dr. P.P. Magretti Saumlaki Tanimbar Islands, Maluku.
Purpose: This study aims to determine the clinical picture of patients according to the characteristics of person, place and time. The retrospective approach is presented in descriptive form. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling.
Method: The sample was 51 pulmonary TB patients in the isolation room in 2022 with complete medical record files.
Results: The research results showed that the largest age group was 19-44 years, 24 people (47.1%); the male gender was more numerous, numbering 28 people (54.9%); The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath, 15 people (29.4%); The highest number of supporting examinations with Ro Thorax was 36 people (70.6%); The most common diagnoses were pulmonary TB on OAT as many as 22 people (43.1%); More patients returned home and recovered, namely 17 people (33.3%); the longest length of stay was 21.6% (3 days).
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that pulmonary TB patients in the isolation room at RSUD dr. P.P. More Magretti in 2022: male gender, age 19-44 years, clinical symptoms of shortness of breath, AP/PA Thorax X-ray examination, discharged home recovered, and 3 days of hospitalization.