bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rustics as instruments of God's wrath. News about the battle of “Posada” in the Ordensland of Prussia
Authors: Curta Florin , Leighton Gregory
Published: January 2025

Returning from a four-month tour in America, the Romanian historian Nicolae Iorga (1871–1940) stopped for a few days in Switzerland, on his way home. On May 7, 1930, he gave a lecture in Bern on medieval peasants and their struggle for freedom in the 14th century. Peasants against feudal armies inspired memories from America. However, Iorga, who was at the time preoccupied with questions of world history and comparative research, did not simply associate the War of Independence with the victory of the Swiss “peasants” at Sempach against Duke Leopold III of Tyrol. He drew a parallel between the military success of the Eidgenossen of 1386 and the defeat inflicted 56 years earlier upon the king of Hungary, Charles I, by Romanian peasants. The battle, on the 600th anniversary of which Iorga delivered his lecture, was illustrated in the Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle. The Romanian historian was convinced that the illustrator had been an eyewitness or, at least, somebody informed by a participant. There is no mention of peasants in the text of the Chronicle, but on the basis of the last illuminations in the manuscript, Iorga thought he could recognize the dress of the Romanian peasants of his own time: the woolen hat (căciulă, a sort of Phrygian cap); the long, braided hair; the leather jacket doubled with wool; the leggings; and the leather sandals (opinci). The Romanians fought like peasants as well: they cut trees in the forest, which they then pushed over King Charles and his heavy cavalry. Iorga did not find this detail either in the text or in the illuminations of the Hungarian Chronicle. He got it from the Chronicle of the Prussian Land by Peter of Dusburg, although that source is not mentioned in the lecture.
The Intersection of Brazil's Racial Ideology and African Foreign Policy: The Geisel Administration at the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC’77)
Authors: Thomas Oliver
Published: January 2025

This article examines the ways in which Brazil's African foreign policy during the Ernesto Geisel administration (1974–9) utilised notions of ‘racial democracy’ and the nation's Africanity in framing itself as an intrinsic partner to the continent across the Atlantic. It does this through an analysis of Brazil's involvement at the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC’77, 15 January–12 February 1977), hosted in Lagos, Nigeria. The international event celebrated past and present contributions of Black and African cultures to global civilisation. An assessment of the Brazilian government's delegation to FESTAC’77 shows how the Geisel administration attempted to depict Brazil as a harmoniously integrated society, where, through a historic process of mixing, the nation's racial identity was united into an equitable whole. In contrast, the propagation of these ideas at FESTAC’77 left the regime's racial ideology vulnerable to attack from international and domestic audiences.
Communist Disinformation Campaigns and the Latin American Cold War of the 1960s: The Case of the Uruguayan Newspaper Época
Authors: Zourek Michal
Published: January 2025

Based on declassified documents from the archives of the Czechoslovak intelligence agency (StB) and the contemporary press, this article delves into the working mechanisms of the Communist secret services in Latin America in the 1960s. Specifically, focusing on the case of the newspaper Época, it deals with the production of articles aimed at discrediting the capitalist states and their publication in the press through local collaborators. The link between the StB and the Uruguayan newspaper, which claimed to be politically and economically independent, was pragmatic and, for a time, helped both parties to achieve their political ends. While the StB managed to obtain a space where it could carry out its operations, Época's motivations were not only ideological but also economic and related to the urgent desire of the non-Communist Left to get funding for its political activities.
Origin of Ultrapotassic, Ultracalcic, Ultrabasic SiO2‐Undersaturated Magmas: The Case Study of the Pleistocene Cupaello Kamafugite Monogenetic Volcano, Central Italy
Authors: Lustrino Michele , Pistocchi Lorenzo , Ronca Sara , Innocenzi Francesca , Agostini Samuele
Published: January 2025

The Pleistocene (∼0.6 Ma) Cupaello monogenetic volcano, cropping out in central Italy, belongs to the Intra Apennine Province (IAP). It is represented by a single lava flow with kamafugitic composition, associated with a volumetrically limited pyroclastic deposit and a phosphate‐rich layer close to the small vent. This kamafugite is characterized by ultrapotassic (K2O = 5.2–7.6 mass %; K2O/Na2O = 18.0–33.9), ultracalcic (CaO/Al2O3 = 2.2–2.4), ultrabasic (SiO2 = 42.6–44.1 mass %), and SiO2‐undersaturated (∼29% CIPW normative leucite) composition, with a peculiar paragenesis (kalsilite, melilite, phlogopite, clinopyroxene, calcite, olivine and glass, plus accessory phases). Trace elements (e.g., high LILE, high LILE/HFSE, negative anomalies for Nb, Ta, Ti and Eu, and Pb peaks in primitive mantle‐normalized diagrams) and isotopic constraints (e.g., strongly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr, unradiogenic 143Nd/144Nd, high Δ7/4) point to subduction‐modified mantle sources. Cupaello products fall within the field of the IAP volcanic products, which define, as a whole, clear negative correlations of compatible and incompatible trace elements, as well as of all the other major oxides, with CaO. These trends are here interpreted as the effect of assimilation of crustal carbonates rather than the presence of a Ca‐carbonatitic component in the source, as instead commonly reported in literature. Despite this general trend, we emphasize that Cupaello rocks derive from partial melting of a subduction‐modified carbonated phlogopite‐peridotite source, followed by a prolonged fractional crystallization of olivine‐ and melilite‐rich kalsilitolite assemblages. A carbonatitic component is required to explain the absence of feldspars in the ultrabasic, ultracalcic and strongly SiO2‐undersaturated magma, whose composition was possibly modified in minimal amounts by carbonate assimilation at shallow depths.
Seasonal Variability of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Greater Agulhas Current System
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Yan Xiaomei , Zhang Linlin , Hui Yuchao , Pang Chongguang , Liu Zhiliang , Hu Dunxin
Published: January 2025

Based on the novel energetic analysis tools, namely multiscale window transform and multiscale energy and vorticity analysis, this study investigates the seasonal variability of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the greater Agulhas Current system (GACS), which is divided into three subdomains based on the horizontal structures of background flows: the Mozambique Channel (MZC) subdomain, the northern Agulhas Current (NAC) subdomain, and the Agulhas retroflection (ARF) subdomain. Results show that the seasonality of EKE is spatially inhomogeneous. In the MZC subdomain, the EKE is strongest in spring and weakest in autumn, whereas in the NAC and ARF subdomains, the EKE level is highest in summer and lowest in winter. In all the three subdomains, the seasonal cycle of the barotropic instability of the mean flow corresponds well with that of the EKE. In contrast, the nonlocal transportation that mainly works on the redistribution of EKE is out of phase with the seasonality of EKE. Regarding the local wind forcing and baroclinic instability, they both have weak impacts on the EKE evolution, contributing power only about 10% of the barotropic instability. Moreover, neither of their seasonal cycles is consistent with the seasonality of EKE. Therefore, it is the barotropic instability of the mean flow that controls the seasonal variability of the EKE in the GACS.
Targeting glycolytic reprogramming by tsRNA-0032 for treating pathological lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Ye Fan , Zhang Ziran , Shi Lianjun , Lu Shuting , Li Xiumiao , Mu Wan , Jiang Qin , Yan Biao
Published: January 2025

Lymphangiogenesis is vital for tissue fluid homeostasis, immune function, and lipid absorption. Abnormal lymphangiogenesis has been implicated in several diseases such as cancers, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we elucidate the role of tsRNA-0032 in lymphangiogenesis and its molecular mechanism. tsRNA-0032 expression is significantly decreased in corneal suture model and human lymphatic endothelial cell (HLEC) model under inflammatory condition. Overexpression of tsRNA-0032 exerts anti-lymphangiogenic effects by inhibiting HLEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Moreover, overexpression of tsRNA-0032 inhibits suture-induced corneal lymphangiogenesis. tsRNA-0032 is mainly located in the cytoplasm and interacts with Ago2 protein. Overexpression of tsRNA-0032 reduces ATP production and decreases pyruvate and lactate levels by targeting PKM2, a key enzyme in glycolysis. This regulation of glycolysis alters cellular energy and metabolic balance in HLECs, contributing to anti-lymphangiogenic effects. Clinical data reveals that tsRNA-0032 levels are significantly reduced in corneal tissues of transplant recipients compared to donors, while PKM2 expression is elevated, highlighting the clinical relevance of tsRNA-0032/PKM2 axis in corneal lymphangiogenesis. This study offers new insights into the regulation of lymphangiogenesis and presents potential therapeutic targets for lymphangiogenesis-related diseases.
PARP inhibition-associated heterochromatin confers increased DNA replication stress and vulnerability to ATR inhibition in SMARCA4-deficient cells
Authors: Yano Kimiyoshi , Kato Megumi , Endo Syoju , Igarashi Taichi , Wada Ryoga , Kohno Takashi , Zimmermann Astrid , Dahmen Heike , Zenke Frank T. , Shiotani Bunsyo
Published: January 2025

DNA replication stress (RS), a prevalent feature of various malignancies, arises from both genetic mutations and genotoxic exposure. Elevated RS levels increase the vulnerability of cancer cells to ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase inhibitors (ATRis). Here, we screened for DNA damage response inhibitors that enhance ATRi-induced cytotoxicity using SWI/SNF complex-deficient cells and identified a potent synergy between ATRi and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), particularly in SMARCA4-deficient cells. PARP inhibition triggers chromatin changes, namely elevated histone H3 at lysine 9 di-methylation (H3K9me2), a hallmark of facultative heterochromatin, increasing dependence on ATR activity for replication fork progression and cell survival. Interestingly, SMARCA4 deficient cells, intrinsically vulnerable to replication stress, exhibited exacerbated DNA damage upon combined ATRi and PARPi treatment in a Mre11- and Mus81-mediated manner. In vivo, combined treatment with intermittent ATRi and continuous PARPi showed greater inhibition of tumor growth than ATRi alone in SMARCA4-deficient lung adenocarcinoma xenograft models. These findings demonstrate that PARPi-induced heterochromatin amplifies RS and ATRi susceptibility, providing a potential rationale for therapeutic strategies targeting SMARCA4-deficient tumors.
SPHK1 enhances olaparib resistance in ovarian cancer through the NFκB/NRF2/ferroptosis pathway
Authors: Teng Kai , Ma Hanlin , Gai Panpan , Zhao Xuelian , Qi Gonghua
Published: January 2025

PARPis resistance is a challenge in the treatment of ovarian cancer. To investigate the potential mechanism involved in olaparib resistance of ovarian cancer, high-throughput sequencing was performed on olaparib-resistant SKOV3 cell line named SK/Ola. SPHK1 was upregulated in SK/Ola cells and was related to the PFS and OS in ovarian cancer patients. However, the effect and mechanism of SPHK1 on olaparib sensitivity in ovarian cancer were obscure. In this study, we found that SPHK1 promoted olaparib resistance. While, SPHK1 knockdown and SPHK1 inhibitor (PF-543 hydrochloride, named PF-543 in this article) enhanced the effect of olaparib on ovarian cancer cells. In mechanism, SPHK1 activated the NF-κB pathway through promoting p-IκBα degradation. Moreover, SPHK1 inhibited, but PF-543 activated ferroptosis in OC cells. Further investigation revealed that SPHK1 activated NF-κB p65, which in turn transcriptionally regulated NRF2 to inhibit ferroptosis in OC cells. Functionally, NF-κB p65 attenuated the PF-543-induced ferroptosis, and this effect was rescued by ferroptosis inducer erastin and RSL3. We conclude that SPHK1 inhibition triggers ferroptosis by restricting NF-κB-activated NRF2 transcription, thereby enhancing olaparib sensitivity in ovarian cancer. In vivo experiments also confirmed that the SPHK1 inhibitor increased olaparib sensitivity. A combination of SPHK1 inhibitors and olaparib may provide a therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.
Perilipin2-dependent lipid droplets accumulation promotes metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma via epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Peng Jianmin , Wang Siyu , Wang Li , Sun Yutong , Xia Juan , Cheng Bin , Hu Qinchao
Published: January 2025

Emerging evidence shows that lipid metabolic reprogramming plays a vital role in tumor metastasis. The effect and mechanism of fatty acids and lipid droplets (LDs), the core products of lipid metabolism, on the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), need further exploration. In this study, the influence of palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) on the migration and invasion ability of OSCC cells was determined by in vitro experiments. Genetic manipulation of PLIN2 was performed to explore its effect on the accumulation of LDs and OSCC metastasis. Possible mechanisms of these biological effects were clarified by detecting the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway proteins as well as conducting various bioinformatics analyses. The results indicated that PA/OA promoted the migration and invasion of OSCC cells and induced PLIN2-dependent LDs accumulation in vitro. Knockdown of PLIN2 inhibited the LDs accumulation and the migration and invasion of OSCC cells in vitro, while overexpression of PLIN2 enhanced those of OSCC cells in vitro and also promoted the metastasis of OSCC in vivo. Besides, PLIN2 up-regulation activated the PI3K pathway and subsequently enhanced EMT in OSCC cells in vitro. OSCC patients with higher PLIN2 expression possessed poorer prognosis and higher sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs (1S,3 R)-RSL3 and ML-210. In conclusion, PLIN2-dependent LDs accumulation could promote the metastasis of OSCC cells by regulating EMT. PLIN2 might be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC patients, especially those with obesity.
Stromal architecture and fibroblast subpopulations with opposing effects on outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Yifei , Chen Xiaofang , Feng Li , Yang Zhicheng , Xiao Liyun , Xiang Bin , Wang Xiaodong , Liu Dongbin , Lin Penghui , Shi Jieyi , Song Guohe , Qian Wulei , Zhang Boan , Xu Yanan , Gao Zheng , Chen Lv , Wu Yingcheng , Ma Jiaqiang , Lin Youpei , Zhao Haichao , Peng Lihua , Mao Xuebin , Liu Yang , Hou Hao , Yang Mingyu , Ji Yuan , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Jian , Xu Xun , Liu Xiyang , Wei Wu , Zhang Xiaoming , Gao Qiang , Zhou Hu , Sun Yidi , Wu Kui , Fan Jia
Published: January 2025

Dissecting the spatial heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is vital for understanding tumor biology and therapeutic design. By combining pathological image analysis with spatial proteomics, we revealed two stromal archetypes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different biological functions and extracellular matrix compositions. Using paired single-cell RNA and epigenomic sequencing with Stereo-seq, we revealed two fibroblast subsets CAF-FAP and CAF-C7, whose spatial enrichment strongly correlated with the two stromal archetypes and opposing patient prognosis. We discovered two functional units, one is the intratumor inflammatory hub featured by CAF-FAP plus CD8_PDCD1 proximity and the other is the marginal wound-healing hub with CAF-C7 plus Macrophage_SPP1 co-localization. Inhibiting CAF-FAP combined with anti-PD-1 in orthotopic HCC models led to improved tumor regression than either monotherapy. Collectively, our findings suggest stroma-targeted strategies for HCC based on defined stromal archetypes, raising the concept that CAFs change their transcriptional program and intercellular crosstalk according to the spatial context.
Power price stability and the insurance value of renewable technologies
Authors: Navia Simon Daniel , Diaz Anadon Laura
Published: January 2025

To understand if renewables stabilize or destabilize electricity prices, we simulate European power markets as projected by the National Energy and Climate Plans for 2030 but replicating the historical variability in electricity demand, the prices of fossil fuels and weather. We propose a β-sensitivity metric, defined as the projected increase in the average annual price of electricity when the price of natural gas increases by 1 euro. We show that annual power prices spikes would be more moderate because the β-sensitivity would fall from 1.4 euros to 1 euro. Deployment of solar photovoltaic and wind technologies exceeding 30% of the 2030 target would lower it further, below 0.5 euros. Our framework shows that this stabilization of prices would produce social welfare gains, that is, we find an insurance value of renewables. Because market mechanisms do not internalize this value, we argue that it should be explicitly considered in energy policy decisions.
Circularly polarized dual-band resonance in a miniaturized implantable antenna using combined hexagonal and rhombic patches
Authors: Kumaravel Shanmugam , Karthikeyan Madurakavi
Published: January 2025

The design and characterisation of a novel dual-band implantable antenna with compact size is presented in this research. The antenna, which is
$$5 \times 5 \times 0.635 {\text{mm}}^{3}$$
in size and operates at two critical frequencies—0.954 GHz in the UHF band and 2.4 GHz in the ISM band—was fabricated on an RT6010 substrate. The U-shaped slot and shorting pin on the radiating element have been exploited to achieved dual-band and circular polarization. The antenna is noteworthy for achieving circular polarization with a broad axial ratio bandwidth of 24.6%, which enables strong performance throughout its operating frequencies. The proposed antennas SAR values satisfy IEEE safety standards for implantable medical devices with a gain of − 28.1 dB at 2.4 GHz and − 31.2 dB at 0.954 GHz, despite its small size. The design represents a significant advancement in the field of medical implant technology since it prioritizes effective wireless communication capabilities while upholding strict safety regulations.
Association between changes in genital immune markers and vaginal microbiome transitions in bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Foessleitner Philipp , Cooley Demidkina Briah , El-Arar Wafae , Goldenberg Miles , Murthy Meena , Bergerat Agnes , Bar Ofri , Kwon Douglas S. , Mitchell Caroline M.
Published: January 2025

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), characterized by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, is a prevalent condition among women of reproductive age and a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus, sexually transmitted infections, and preterm birth. BV is generally considered to induce mucosal inflammation, but the specific pathways and cell types involved are not well characterized. This prospective study aimed to assess associations between microbial changes and mucosal immune responses in BV patients. Therefore, samples from 20 premenopausal women with BV and treated with metronidazole were analyzed. Vaginal swabs, menstrual cup, and endocervical cytobrush samples were collected before treatment, weekly for four weeks, and at 2, 4, and 6 months for Nugent scoring, immune cell populations and cytokine analysis. Of 105 study intervals, 27 (25.7%) showed improvement in Nugent category, 61 (58.1%) remained unchanged, and 17 (16.2%) worsened. Improvement correlated with decreased monocytes (p = 0.005), while worsening was linked to increased monocytes (p < 0.001) and dendritic cells (p = 0.02). B cells (p = 0.02) and IFN-γ-induced chemokines - IP-10 (p = 0.007), MIG (p = 0.049), and ITAC (p = 0.005) - were associated with improvement. In conclusion, although the T-cell-associated chemokines IP-10, ITAC, and MIG were strongly associated with improvements in Nugent category, our findings indicate that antigen-presenting cells, particularly monocytes, show the most dynamic response to shifts in the vaginal microbiota in patients with BV.
Rapid screening of the antithrombotic active components of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb with thrombin binding affinity ultrafiltration mass spectroscopy
Authors: Dai Jie , He Weihe , Liu Shi Ao , Huang Shiyi , He Xiangchang , Zou Ting , Zhao Hongqing , Xu Guangming
Published: January 2025

In this study, affinity ultrafiltration (AUF) combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to screen and identify the antithrombotic components of A. pilosa.
Extracellular vesicles as drug and gene delivery vehicles in central nervous system diseases
Authors: Shi Xi , He Weilong , Gupta Ashwin , To Kyran , Clark Leonardo , Mirle Nitya , Wynn Thomas , Wang Daniel , Ganesh Akash , Zeng Helena M. , Wang Huiliang
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes naïve extracellular vesicles (EVs) in clinical trials for central nervous system (CNS) diseases and updates recent translational preclinical research on EV-loaded drugs or genes for CNS treatments.
Through-space conjugation driven luminescence enhancement in crystalline butterfly architectures
Authors: Sujilkumar Suvarna , Hari Avinash , Hariharan Mahesh
Published: January 2025

Investigating the role of through-space conjugation in enhancing the luminescence of tetra-naphthalene connected dihydropentacene isomers, 1-NP and 2-NP in the crystalline and aggregate state.
Preparation and modification of carbon based materials as efficient catalysts in the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide towards cyclic carbonates: a mini review
Authors: Yang Jianhan , Huang Jiangnan , Wang Hao-Fan , Wang Hongjuan , Yu Hao , Cao Yonghai
Published: January 2025

A review of carbonaceous materials for cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides towards carbonates.
Structure and stability of copper nanoclusters on monolayer tungsten dichalcogenides
Authors: Sweetman Michael , Nies Cara-Lena , Nolan Michael
Published: January 2025

First principles simulations show that copper nanoclusters preferentially take 3D adsorption structures on tungsten transition metal dichalcogenides, driven by strong copper–copper interactions.
Deciphering the electrochemical kinetics of sulfur vacancy-assisted nitrogen-doped NiCo2S4 combined with sulfur-doped g-C3N4 towards supercapacitor applications
Authors: Pany Soumyashree , Nashim Amtul , Mohanty Ritik , Parida Kulamani
Published: January 2025

A compositionally engineered S′N-NCS/S-g-CN material shows superior electronic conductivity, promoting the ion diffusion ability, and increases actives sites, suppresses volume expansion of the material, and achieves facile charge carrier transport.
Emerging engineered nanozymes: current status and future perspectives in cancer treatments
Authors: Zheng Jiajia , Peng Weili , Shi Houhui , Zhang Jiaqi , Hu Qinglian , Chen Jun
Published: January 2025

Nanozymes with multiple catalytic activities for cancer treatment are summarized, and their performances when combined with various cancer treatments or used alone are compared.
Preparation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a sertraline-methylpropyphenazone prodrug: a comparative metabolic study on the plasma and brain tissues of rats using LC-MS/MS analysis
Authors: Khedr Alaa , Ali Alanoud , Ibrahim Tarek S. , Kammoun Ahmed K.
Published: January 2025

A mutual prodrug of sertraline-methylpropyphenazone (SER-MP) was prepared and characterized using a spectral method.
Phase engineering of covalent triazine frameworks to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance
Authors: Wu Peng , Lu Jijun , Xi Fengshuo , Li Xiufeng , Ma Wenhui , Kang Fangyuan , Li Shaoyuan , Tong Zhongqiu , Zhang Qichun
Published: January 2025

This paper examines how stacking modes affect the photocatalytic performance of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), revealing that AA stacking enhances hydrogen evolution by 37.4% compared to AB stacking and improves cycling stability.
Dual relay Rh-/Pd-catalysis enables β-C(sp3)–H arylation of α-substituted amines
Authors: Li Shuailong , Yahaya Sani , Bojanowski Jan , Ragazzon Giulio , Dydio Paweł
Published: January 2025

β-Arylation of secondary anilines and N-PMP-protected primary aliphatic amines was enabled by merging Rh-catalysed hydrogen borrowing and Pd-catalysed C–H functionalisation of transient imines.
Enzymatic peptide macrocyclization via indole-N-acylation
Authors: Maruyama Hiroto , Yamada Yuito , Igarashi Yasuhiro , Matsuda Kenichi , Wakimoto Toshiyuki
Published: January 2025

BulbE TE, identified as a unique non-ribosomal peptide macrocyclizing thioesterase that catalyzes an N-acylindole linkage formation, offers valuable insight into the pivotal role of its catalytic residue in dictating nucleophile specificity.
Discovery of intermolecular cascade annulation for dihydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-ylidene-pyrrolidinetriones
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Zheng Xinghua , Lin Hehua , Fu Li , Long Lipeng , Yu Daohong , Chen Zhengwang , Yang Min , Wang Zhong-Xia
Published: January 2025

An exceptional discovery of intermolecular cascade annulation for dihydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridines involving specific aniline fragment transfer between Michael addition and SNAr has been reported.
Chiral Brønsted acid-catalysed enantioselective allylboration of sterically hindered aldehydes enabled by multiple hydrogen bonding interactions
Authors: Umemiya Shigenobu , Osaka Sotaro , Shinagawa Naoya , Hirata Takumi , Terada Masahiro
Published: January 2025

An enantio- and diastereoselective allylboration of sterically hindered aldehydes utilizing multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between chiral phosphoramide catalyst has been established.
Advancing Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Canadian Forestry Biomass for Sustainable Biocrude Production: Co-Solvent Integration, Co-Liquefaction, and Process Optimization
Authors: Awadakkam Sreenavya , Chaudhary Vasu , Kalagnanam Ramesh , Borugadda Venu Babu , Dalai Ajay K
Published: January 2025

Canadian hardwood and softwood species were screened for hydrothermal liquefaction to produce sustainable biocrude. Based on the availability of the feedstock, their biocrude yield, and oxygen content, spruce (softwood), and...
Boosting electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia with a Cu/Ag-Ru tandem catalyst at industrial-scale current density
Authors: Jia Ru , Zhang Xiaoxue , Gan Li , Tahir Muhammad , Huang Zhen-Feng , Pan Lun , Gao Ruijie , Shi Chengxiang , Zhang Xiangwen , Yang Guidong , Zou Ji-Jun
Published: January 2025

For a tandem electrode of (Cu7/Ag3)7-Ru3/C, the (Cu7/Ag3)7 heterostructure maximized the formation of NO2−, and Ru nanoparticles exhibited excellent NO2− adsorption and water dissociation, facilitating the hydrogenation of NO2− and avoiding the HER.
The NMDAR-BK channelosomes as regulators of synaptic plasticity
Authors: Martínez-Lazaro Rebeca , Reyes-Carrión Andrea , Bartolomé-Martín David , Giraldez Teresa
Published: January 2025

Large conductance voltage- and calcium-activated potassium channels (BK channels) are extensively found throughout the central nervous system and play a crucial role in various neuronal functions. These channels are activated by a combination of cell membrane depolarisation and an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, provided by calcium sources located close to BK. In 2001, Isaacson and Murphy first demonstrated the coupling of BK channels with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) in olfactory bulb neurons. Since then, additional evidence has confirmed this functional coupling in other brain regions and highlighted its significance in neuronal function and pathophysiology. In this review, we explore the current understanding of these macrocomplexes in the brain, the molecular mechanisms behind their interactions and their potential roles in neurodevelopmental disorders, paving the way for new treatment strategies.
Impact of accretor size on the morphology of supersonic, non-relativistic, axisymmetric Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion flows
Authors: Jolehkaran Shaghayegh Ashtari , Brendel Lothar , Kuiper Rolf
Published: January 2025

Context. Fast-moving accretors are a ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysics. Their interaction with the surrounding gas can leave characteristic imprints on the form of morphological structures like bow shocks, Mach cones, and trails with different densities.

Aims. We study how various physical processes affect the flow structure around an accretor with a one-way surface, its accretion rate, and accretion anisotropy. These processes correspond to distinct length scales: the Bondi radius, the stand-off distance of the bow shock, and the Hoyle-Lyttleton radius.

Methods. We conducted adiabatic hydrodynamic simulations using a spherical coordinate grid centred on the accretor’s location. By varying the accretor’s (numerical) size across various scales – from much smaller than the stand-off distance to much larger than the Bondi radius – we analyse how the processes on these spatial scales affect the physics of the steady-state flow.

Results. All simulations achieve a steady state. When the accretor is smaller than the stand-off distance, a bow shock forms ahead of the object, and a nearly spherically symmetric atmosphere develops within this distance. Accretors smaller than the Hoyle-Lyttleton radius produce a Mach cone, while larger accretors exhibit a supersonic-to-subsonic flow transition on larger scales. Fully resolved simulations align with the Hoyle-Lyttleton theory, showing slightly anisotropic accretion with enhanced inflow from behind the object. In contrast, larger accretors approach the geometrical limit, with accretion primarily from the flow direction and a low-density ‘shadow’ forming behind the object.

Conclusions. The accretor’s size greatly influences the small-scale and large-scale morphologies. Resolving the Hoyle-Lyttleton radius is essential for representing large-scale flow characteristics. Resolving the smaller stand-off distance is required only for studying the bow shock in front of the moving object: since the stand-off distance determines the bow shock’s position, its non-resolution does not affect the larger-scale flow morphology.
Organoleptic and physicochemical of meltique beef steak injected with varying concentrations of coconut oil
Authors: Permata Sari Dian , Apriantini Astari , Budiman Cahyo , Cipta Dainy Nunung , Humayrah Wardina , Lesa Aditia Edit
Published: January 2025

Meltique is a processed type of beef created by injecting vegetable fat to create marbling similar to the appearance of Wagyu beef. This technique enhances tenderness, and juiciness, while imparting a distinct flavor through the injected emulsion. However, the research on Meltique beef remains limited. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Meltique beef injected with coconut oil emulsions at two concentrations (365 g and 730 g) and to compare them with Wagyu beef. The study included malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis, antioxidant properties, Texture Profile Analysis (TPA), and a hedonic sensory test. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD), with Tukey and Duncan tests employed for sensory analysis. The results demonstrated that varying coconut oil concentration affected the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the beef. Notably, the 730 g coconut oil emulsion exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and the lowest MDA content. In the sensory evaluation, the meat injected with the 730 g emulsion was preferred for its aroma and tenderness. The use of coconut in the formulation retains beneficial high lauric acid content, presents a promising alternative for emulsion blends, and exhibits characteristics similar to Wagyu.
Development of wader-fish (Rasbora argyrotaenia) and kidney beans as a supplementary food: A source of protein and minerals for toddlers aged 12-24 months
Authors: Palupi Eny , Isni Oktaviani Rachmalia , Purnaningsih Ninuk , Saraswati Yudhistira , Eka Putri Wahyu , Chandra Iwansyah Ade
Published: January 2025

Protein and mineral deficiencies can also contribute to stunting. Introducing wader-fish, an underutilized-ingredient rich in protein and minerals, for the development of supplementary-food could offer a nutritious option for toddlers. This study developed a supplementary food made from wader-fish and kidney beans for toddlers aged 12–24 months, using a traditional Indonesian steamed-dish technique called pepes. Different formulations of wader-fish and kidney-beans (50:50, 70:30, and 90:10) were used to develop supplementary food. The pepes-technique, an Indonesian steamed-dish wrapped with banana leaves, was chosen to preserve nutrients and offer convenient single-serving use. Kidney beans were selected as protein complementors. The ratio of 70:30 was chosen as the optimal formula. One serving (125 g) contained 23.3% energy, 81.35% protein, 86.80% calcium, 74.82% iron, and 102.08% zinc.
Prediction of the Serial Alignment Change after Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Based on Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Using Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Cho Joon Hee , Nam Hee Seung , Park Seong Yun , Ho Jade Pei Yuik , Lee Yong Seuk
Published: January 2025

Categorization of alignment into phenotypes can be useful for predicting and analyzing postoperative alignment changes after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). The purposes of this study were to (1) develop a machine learning model for the predicting the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) phenotypes of final alignment after OWHTO, and (2) analyze predictive factors for final alignment phenotypes. Data were retrospectively collected from 163 knees that underwent OWHTO between March 2014 and December 2019. Each data were assessed at three time points: preoperatively, at 3 months postoperatively, and the final follow-up. Constitutional alignment was also evaluated. Machine learning models were developed using two independent feature sets consisting of serial radiologic parameters and CPAK phenotypes. The area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used as a primary metric to determine the best model. To evaluate the feature importance, Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) analysis was also performed on the best model. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) was the best prediction model, with the highest AUC of 0.867 based on radiologic parameters and 0.783 based on CPAK phenotypes. Joint line obliquity (JLO) at 3 months postoperatively was the most important factor among the radiologic parameters for predicting the final CPAK phenotypes. The features of constitutional and preoperative alignments also contributed, although the features of alignments at 3 months postoperatively were the highest contributing predictors. In conclusion, the developed machine learning models of the MLP showed excellent performance in predicting the final CPAK phenotypes after OWHTO. Postoperative JLO was the most important radiologic parameter for predicting the final alignment. The combination of features of the constitutional, preoperative, and postoperative periods enabled high accuracy and performance in predicting the final alignment.

A retrospective cohort study with the level of evidence as level III.
Real-world effectiveness and safety of 1L polyethylene glycol and ascorbic acid for bowel preparation in patients aged 80 years or older
Authors: Machlab Salvador , Lorenzo-Zúñiga Vicente , Pantaleon Miguel Angel , Sábado Fernando , Arieira Cátia , Pérez Arellano Elena , Cotter José , Carral David , Turbí Disla Carmen , Gorjão Ricardo , Esteban Jose Miguel , Rodriguez Sarbelio
Published: January 2025

Clinical trials and real-world studies show a 1L polyethene glycol and ascorbic acid
solution (1L PEG-ASC) to be an effective and safe bowel preparation for colonoscopy in the
general population. Here, the effectiveness and safety of 1L PEG-ASC were evaluated in
patients aged 80 years or older in a real-world setting.

A post-hoc analysis of an observational, multicenter, retrospective study assessed the effectiveness and safety of 1L PEG-ASC on outpatients aged ≥ 80 years old undergoing colonoscopy at eight centers in Spain and Portugal. Cleansing quality was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, with overall scores ≥ 6 and all segmental scores ≥ 2 considered adequate colon cleansing, and overall scores ≥ 8 or 3 in the right colon considered high-quality cleansing. Cecal intubation rate, withdrawal time, polyp and adenoma detection rates (ADR), and adverse events (AEs) were also monitored.

Data were analyzed from 423 patients aged ≥ 80 years; mean age 83.5 years (±3.2) and 49.2% males. The adequate colon cleansing success rate was 88.9%, with high-quality cleansing of the overall and right colon achieved in 54.1% and 46.1% of patients, respectively. Colonoscopy was complete in 94.1% of cases and the ADR was 51.3%. At least one AE was experienced by 4.5% of participants, the most frequent being mild dehydration (2.8%) and nausea (1.2%).

This post-hoc analysis confirms 1L PEG-ASC to be an effective and safe bowel cleansing preparation for patients aged 80 years or older in a real-world setting.
Impact of a training intervention on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy quality over time: a multicentre comparative cohort study
Authors: Koggel Lieke Maria , van Berlo Jole P.E. , Indemans Fleur A. , Schrauwen R W.M. , Lantinga Marten A. , Siersema Peter
Published: January 2025

Background: The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) formulated performance measures to improve the detection rate of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. We aimed to assess the adherence to and impact of a training on adherence to performance measures for UGI endoscopy.

Methods: In this multicentre prospective cohort study, endoscopists of three centres underwent a 1-hour face-to-face training based on ESGE and BSG procedural performance measures (≥7 minutes inspection time; photodocumentation of ≥10 anatomical landmarks + abnormalities; standardized terminology; biopsy protocols). A self-developed quality assessment score was used to assess diagnostic UGI endoscopies before (control group) and after (intervention group) training. Primary endpoint was improvement in overall quality score (percentage of the maximum score).

Results: Of 1,733 consecutive UGI endoscopies, 570 were eligible for inclusion (mean patient age 60 yrs (SD 15); male 47%): 285 in the control group and 285 in the intervention group. Overall quality score increased from 60% before to 67% after the training intervention (difference 7%, 95% CI 5 – 10, p<0.001). Male patients (3.2%, 95% CI 0.7 – 5.7), alarming features (-3.1%, 95% CI -5.6 – -0.5), and age of endoscopists (-0.4% increment per year, 95% CI -0.8 – -0.1) were associated with higher quality scores.

Conclusion: Adherence to the procedural ESGE and BSG performance measures for UGI endoscopy persistently increased after a 1-hour face-to-face training intervention, suggesting that a simple training intervention tool can improve the quality of UGI endoscopy and potentially could prevent missed lesions.
Hearing Performance and Soft-Tissue Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Ponto Surgery and Local Anesthesia in Children with Unilateral Craniofacial Malformation
Authors: Leone Andrea Caruso , Castilho Arthur Menino , Danieli Fabiana , Calil Daniela Bortoloti , Almeida Katia de
Published: January 2025

Introduction Minimally invasive Ponto surgery (MIPS) enables the installation of percutaneous bone-anchored hearing implants (BAHIs) with a drill guide through a hole punch incision. Despite being well established for adults, there is a lack of studies in the literature regarding its use in pediatric patients.

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the hearing performance and soft-tissue outcomes of the use of MIPS under local anesthesia in children with unilateral craniofacial malformation (UCM).

Methods The study used a retrospective cohort design. Nine subjects with UCM, aged between 6.5 and 17.1 (median = 12) years, who underwent the MIPS procedure under local anesthesia were included. Surgical procedure, intra, and postoperative complications were investigated. Speech recognition thresholds in quiet (SRTQ) and in noise (SRTN), daily use, satisfaction, and perceptual listening effort of the subjects were assessed after 4 months of postoperative follow-up.

Results It was possible to perform MIPS under local anesthesia in 8 of 9 subjects, with no intraoperative complications. One subject (11.11%) showed adverse skin reactions during a mean follow-up period of 11.4 months with MIPS. Speech recognition thresholds in quiet, SRTN, and subjective listening effort scores significantly decreased with the use of BAHI. The subjects were overall satisfied with the device and using it 8.2 hours/day, on average.

Conclusion Under local anesthesia, MIPS showed to be a viable option for BAHI installation in children with UCM. The hearing performance of the subjects improved, and they were globally satisfied with the device. Soft-tissue complications were minimal, and our results are comparable to those reported in the literature for adults.
Accuracy and Reliability of Intraoral Scanners for Tooth Shade Determination in Comparisons with Intraoral Spectrophotometer: In Vitro Study
Authors: Chumsena Nigool , Peampring Chaimongkon , Suttiglud Tanowit
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to compare the accuracy and repeatability of shade determination using an intraoral spectrophotometer (SP) and two intraoral scanners, hypothesizing no significant differences in performance.

Materials and Methods A computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing-designed right upper central incisor was manufactured in multiple shades using feldspathic ceramic. Shade determination was performed using the CEREC Primescan (CP), Trios V scanners, and an intraoral SP, with multiple scans taken for each.

Statistical Analysis Measurement accuracy was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni's correction. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach's α, with a significance level set at 0.05 for all tests.

Results The SP achieved 84% accuracy, while the CP and 3Shape Trios V (T5) recorded 66 and 71%, respectively. None of the instruments reached 100% accuracy, with the SP displaying an accuracy range of 80 to 90%, and both scanners achieving between 60 and 80%. Statistically significant differences indicated that the SP outperformed the scanners (p < 0.05). False shade readings showed shades 3M2 and 4M2 as having the highest erroneous results. Reliability scores ranged from 92% for the scanners to 94% for the SP, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.839, indicating high reliability.

Conclusion Intraoral SP displayed superior accuracy over the intraoral scanners, while their reliability in shade assessment was comparable. Thus, dental SPs are preferred for precise shade matching, suggesting potential reliability issues with intraoral scanners for consistent dental shade assessment.
Laser-Sintered versus Conventional Cobalt-Chromium Bars in Implant-Supported Complete Mandibular Overdentures: An In Vitro Strain Analysis Comparative Study
Authors: Sidky Mohamed M. , Elsayed Mohamed Ezzat , Zaky Sara
Published: January 2025

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effect of laser-sintered and conventional cobalt-chromium bars on strain distribution around implants in mandibular implant-supported overdentures.

Materials and Methods A three-dimensional (3D) epoxy resin model for completely edentulous mandible was used for this study. Two implants were placed in the canine region, and the 3D model was scanned by a laboratory scanner. Twelve cobalt-chromium bars were divided into two groups. Group 1 includes six bars that were designed by software and created using the laser sintering method. Group 2 includes six bars that were made using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing to make a wax model, fabricated by a conventional lost wax-casting technique. Each implant was surrounded by four channels in the epoxy resin model, and four strain gauges were cemented. A universal testing machine was used to apply the load, and a strain measuring analysis was performed.

Results Null hypothesis was rejected as there was significant difference in strain distribution around implants between both groups for the microstrains around the implants in bar-retained implant-supported prostheses, in both bilateral and unilateral results.

Conclusion The laser sintering method showed better results in comparison with conventional methods in fabrication of bar-retained implant-supported prostheses due to less trauma to the implant and supporting structures.
LightNET Carbon Capture CO2atings and CO2rallites: A circular ex-situ mineralization route for CO2 capture, sequestration, and product valorization
Authors: Pérez-Tomás Amador , Pastor-Andreu Pedro , Bujaldon Marina , Argemí Àlex , Nieva Claudia , Arbiol Jordi , Riqué Eugènia , Mas-Castella Jordi , Garrell Enric , Negre Medall Francisco
Published: January 2025

Carbon capture market worldwide has experienced a significant growth in recent years driven by increasing concerns about climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. LightNET Carbon Capture S.L. (LNCC) is a company whose purpose is to help Catalan, Spanish, EU, and global companies to become carbon neutral by sequestering and valorizing CO2 at the emission point and/or directly from the air. LNCC ex-situ CO2 removal strategies are focused on speed up reactions to occur on human timescales of several decades or faster to meet long-term international climate targets. We have developed innovative material solutions that can be developed into products that will capture CO2 at a faster rate and efficiency than current point source capture and direct air capture absorbers. Here, two different products are presented: (1) CO2ating®: a coating layer for any kind of surface that captures CO2 until its saturation. (2) CO2rallite®: a replaceable element that captures CO2 until its saturation and then may be replaced. Proof-of-concept and prototypes (TRL 6-7) are presented engaging global building industry improving education, bringing awareness as well as human and institutional capacity in relation to climate change reduction of effects and early warning.