bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linked Data
Authors: Zemmouchi-Ghomari Leila
Published: June 2018

The data on the web is heterogeneous and distributed, which makes its integration a sine qua non-condition for its effective exploitation within the context of the semantic web or the so-called web of data. A promising solution for web data integration is the linked data initiative, which is based on four principles that aim to standardize the publication of structured data on the web. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the essential aspects of this fairly recent and exciting field, including the model of linked data: resource description framework (RDF), its query language: simple protocol, and the RDF query language (SPARQL), the available means of publication and consumption of linked data, and the existing applications and the issues not yet addressed in research.
Virtual Leadership
Authors: Graham Christian , Daniel Harold , Doore Brian
Published: June 2018

This chapter is an updated review of the results of a study completed in 2015 on leadership's impact on virtual team effectiveness and the quality of the completed virtual team project. Findings in 2015 suggested that leadership style and virtual team effectiveness did predict project quality, and specific leadership styles had a negative relationship with virtual team effectiveness. After summarizing the results of the studies purpose, methodology, and findings, the chapter concludes with a literature review of virtual team's leadership research between 2015 and present. It provides a discussion on the relationship between the previous studies' findings and what has been found since with recommendations on future research on shared leadership and relationship building in virtual teams.
What Motivates Immigrants for ICT Adoption and Use?
Authors: Acharya Bhanu Bhakta
Published: June 2018

Several studies demonstrate that most immigrants feel positively about technology adoption and use, and they use information and communication technologies (ICTs) more than non-immigrants or earlier immigrants. What motivates immigrants to use ICTs? Is their motivation to use ICTs for back home connection with their families and friends, or to adjust to their new environment? What are the factors that influence immigrants' ICT behaviors most often? For this study, the author chose 24 peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between 2001-2017 to assess immigrants' motivations for ICT adoption and use. The chapter, based on the systematic review of the existing literature for a longitudinal assessment, will discuss primary motives for immigrants' ICT adoption and use, as well as identify factors that influence immigrants' behavior with respect to ICT adoption and use. Based on these influencing factors, the chapter proposes a framework of technology adoption and use by immigrants.
Assemblage of Urban Small Parcels in Three Different Scales with the Emphasize on the Citizenship Participation, Case Study: Tehran - Iran
Authors: Siyahrood Sanaz Ahmadzadeh , Ebrahimi Arghavan , Mahdavinejad Mohammad Javad
Published: June 2018

During recent years, several experiences have been executed for interfering in inefficient urban fabrics, all of them had been forced on the basis of centralized intervention approach; determining a territory as the project range, funding sources, ownership, execution, utilization, is a single process , the attribution of which could be found in several cases in the country. The important point in this regards which determines the future strategies is the performance process and method. The global examples and local experiences show that all approaches, plans and executive plans should be developed and materialized on the basis of “people participation” principle. This procedure is executable in various forms; reinforcement of existing buildings, renovation of single parcel and assemblage of small sized parcels are the methods that play important role in this process. The present paper studies different scales of “assemblage” as one of the methods of housing renovation and by using analytic hierarchy model AHP method proves that assemblage in urban block scale by citizenship participation could serve both as a tool for improving land distribution pattern, and, providing new opportunities for the city to develop. The indexes that are used in this survey were selected by literature review and attribution to several executive plan cases.
Complementarity between Solar and Wind Energy Potentials in Benin Republic
Authors: Aza-Gnandji Maurel , Fifatin François Xavier , Hounnou Amèdédjihundé Hypolite Jordâo , Dubas Frédéric , Chamagne Didier , Espanet Christophe , Antoine Vianou
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a study to show the complementarity between solar and wind energy potentials in Benin Republic. Daily wind speed data in the coast of Cotonou city, precisely in Cadjehoun district, has been used to assess wind energy potential. Solar potential is evaluated using spatio temporal daily solar radiation data covering the country. In this research, we have found the locations offering optimal complementarity between solar and wind energy. The complementarity is measured with Pearson correlation coefficient, which is used as objective function to be minimized. The optimization method used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which has been implemented in Matlab®. We showed that an optimal complementarity is obtained between the coast of Cotonou in the ‘Littoral’ department and the central part of the country in the ‘Collines’ department.
Economic Power Dispatch with Emission Constraint and Valve Point Loading Effect Using Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Elsakaan Asmaa A. , El-Sehiemy Ragab Abdelaziz , Kaddah Sahar S. , Elsaid Mohammed I.
Published: June 2018

Economic dispatch (ED) is an important optimization task in power system which involves determination of the optimal combination of power outputs for all generating units which will minimize the total fuel cost while satisfying load constraints. There are three criteria in solving the economic load dispatch problem. They are minimizing the total generator operating cost, total emission cost and multi-objective (cost and emission). This paper proposes Moth Flam Optimization (MFO) algorithm for solving the economic dispatch problem with valve point effects and emissions. It determines the optimal generation schedule of generating units by minimizing three criteria. Two test systems consisting of 6 generating units and isolated microgrid have been used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed MFO method. The results obtained from MFO is compared with different algorithms. The results show better global convergence and also gives good optimum solution by reducing system generation cost and emission cost.
Design Optimisation of Internally Reinforced Beams Subjected to Bending Loading
Authors: Silva Hugo Miguel , de Meireles José Filipe Bizarro
Published: June 2018

In this work, novel types of internally reinforced hollow-box beams were structurally optimized using a Finite Element Updating code built in MATLAB. In total, 24 different beams were optimized under bending loads. A new objective function was defined in order to consider the balance between mass and deflection on relevant nodal points. New formulae were developed in order to assess the efficiency of the code and of the structures. The efficiency of the code is determined by comparing the Finite Element results of the optimized solutions using ANSYS with the initial solutions. It was concluded that the optimization algorithm, built in Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) allowed to improve the effective mechanical behavior under bending in 8500%.Therefore, the developed algorithm is effective in optimizing the novel FEM models under the studied conditions.
Improvement of Hardness and Biodegradability of Natural Based Bioplastic - Effect of Starch Addition during Synthesis
Authors: Eko Wahyuningtiyas Nanang , Suryanto Heru , Sukarni Sukarni , Sari Novita Dwi Intan
Published: June 2018

Biodegradable plastic are renewable packaging technology that are bio-based made of starch. The use of starch as a manufacture of bioplastic has great potential due to in Indonesia has various biodiversity of starch-producing plants. The objective of this research was to determine effect of cassava starch addition to hardness, density, moisture absorption, and biodegradability of bioplastic. The methods is a synthesis of bioplastic using a casting procedure ie mixing cassava starch at various concentrations 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (b/v) into the glycerol. This was demonstrated of bioplastic hardness and density of 31.56; 46.78; 52.34; 67.99 Shore A and 1.164; 1.178; 1.184; 1.191 g/cm3. Revealed that complete decomposition could be achieved on the 12, 13, 14, and 15 days. It shows that the cassava starch addition can improve hardness, density, moisture, and accelerate the decomposition process.
Kinetic Studies on the Thermal Synthesis of Fluorapatite: Model Free and Model-Fitting Methods
Authors: Hamidreza Javadinejad , Sayed Ahmad Hosseini , Mohsen Saboktakin Rizi , Eiman Aghababaei , Naseri Hossein
Published: June 2018

The kinetic study for the synthesis of Fluorapatite has been done using the thermogravimetric technique under non-isothermal conditions and at four heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C. Both model free and model-fitting methods were used to investigate kinetic parameters. Calcium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide and calcium fluoride were used as the precursor materials. The activation energy values were calculated through model-fitting and isoconversional methods and were used to predict the reaction model and pre-exponential factor. In this case several techniques were considered such as master plots and compensation effects. The results indicated that the reaction mechanism was chemically controlled with second and third order reaction models in the whole range of conversion which the activation energy varied from 25 to 43 kJ/mol.
Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Coag-Flocculation Process of Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Ox-Eye Seed (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) as Coagulant
Authors: Babayemi K. Akinpelu , Onukwuli D. Okechukwu , Okewale O. Akindele
Published: June 2018

Excess deposits of phosphorus into surface waters have caused a lot of devastating effects on both human and aquatic lives and, of course, ecosystem disruption. Ox-eye seed (OES), an agricultural biomass, has been explored as a coagulant to remove phosphorus from aqueous solution through coag-flocculation process. The seeds were prepared into a coagulant and a proximate analysis was carried out on the prepared OES. Nephelometric analysis was employed to investigate the effects of settling time, coagulant dosage and pH on phosphate removal efficiency of OES. The process parameters were optimized using Response Surface Methodology. OES’s performance was compared with Alum’s, a conventional coagulant, and the results obtained reveal Alum as having a global minimum of zero turbidity, global optimum values for pH (7.4103) and dosage (301.6501mg/l) but a local optimum of 80min for settling time, while the optimum operating parameters for OES are 7.3740 (global), 500mg/l (local), 80min (local) and 11.2266mg/l (local) for pH, dosage, settling time and turbidity respectively. It is evident that, by increasing settling time and dosage , OES can effectively compete with Alum. The main attribute to effective performance of both OES and Alum is pH. The interactions pH-dosage and pH-settling time are significant. The model accuracy is confirmed by the values of R2 >0.99 and is validated by the closeness of the experimental data to the predictions. Keywords: Phosphorus, wastewater, turbidity, Coagulant, ox-eye, flocculation
Effectiveness of Geogrid for Protecting Polder in Sundarban Coastal Region
Authors: Chy A.B.M. Tausif Ullah , Barua Saurav , Ansary Mehedi Ahmed
Published: June 2018

Numbers of large scale polders are constructed to protect low-lying coastal area of Sundarban in Bangladesh during 1960s. At present, there are number of polders occupying an area of about 1.2 million hectares, which are vulnerable to breach and cause immense misery to millions of people every year. The purpose of this study is to assess the safety factors (FoS) of those Polder embankments during diurnal tidal cycle in coastal area and provide solution to improve the stability of embankment through installation of geogrid layers. To investigate vulnerability of the embankment failure, soil samples are collected from several borehole locations in Satkhira, a coastal site of Sundarban area. Field test—SPT and several Laboratory tests—direct shear test and Sieve analysis test have been carried out to determine shear strength, angle of internal frictions and grain size distribution. Slope stability analysis are performed using Geo5 software under several conditions—high water table (HWT), low water table (LWT) and rapid drawdown (RD) with side slope are 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 and embankment height are 5m, 7.5m and 10m. The safety factor has been found lowest at rapid drawdown condition because of rapid recession of external water level. The lower FoS have been found 0.68, 0.89 and 0.92 which can be improved to 1.23, 1.34 and 1.24 respectively by installing several geogrid layers. Simplified Bishop Method have been used in Geo5 to perform the stability analysis under various conditions. In our investigation, HDPE biaxial geogrid have been taken to strengthen of polder embankments, which are timesaving, cost effective and efficient, side by side suitable for Sundarban area. The findings and solutions proposed by the study will help geotechnical engineers to reduce the vulnerability of Polder embankment under similar coastal conditions.
Foxo3 Promotes Apoptosis of B Cell Receptor–Stimulated Immature B Cells, Thus Limiting the Window for Receptor Editing
Authors: Ottens Kristina , Hinman Rochelle M. , Barrios Evan , Skaug Brian , Davis Laurie S. , Li Quan-Zhen , Castrillon Diego H. , Satterthwaite Anne B.
Published: June 2018

Central tolerance checkpoints are critical for the elimination of autoreactive B cells and the prevention of autoimmunity. When autoreactive B cells encounter their Ag at the immature B cell stage, BCR cross-linking induces receptor editing, followed by apoptosis if edited cells remain autoreactive. Although the transcription factor Foxo1 is known to promote receptor editing, the role of the related factor Foxo3 in central B cell tolerance is poorly understood. We find that BCR-stimulated immature B cells from Foxo3-deficient mice demonstrate reduced apoptosis compared with wild type cells. Despite this, Foxo3−/− mice do not develop increased autoantibodies. This suggests that the increased survival of Foxo3−/− immature B cells allows additional rounds of receptor editing, resulting in more cells “redeeming” themselves by becoming nonautoreactive. Indeed, increased Igλ usage and increased recombining sequence recombination among Igλ-expressing cells were observed in Foxo3−/− mice, indicative of increased receptor editing. We also observed that deletion of high-affinity autoreactive cells was intact in the absence of Foxo3 in the anti–hen egg lysozyme (HEL)/membrane-bound HEL model. However, Foxo3 levels in B cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were inversely correlated with disease activity and reduced in patients with elevated anti-dsDNA Abs. Although this is likely due in part to increased B cell activation in these SLE patients, it is also possible that low-affinity B cells that remain autoreactive after editing may survive inappropriately in the absence of Foxo3 and become activated to secrete autoantibodies in the context of other SLE-associated defects.
Induced seismicity research project: an update
Authors: Kao H
Published: June 2018

The development of unconventional oil and gas in North America has caused a significant increase of seismicity in areas of intense injection operations, including hydraulic fracturing, wastewater disposal, and enhanced production and recovery. These induced
earthquakes have attracted considerable media attention due to their potential seismic hazards. In 2012, NRCan initiated the Induced Seismicity Research (ISR) Activity as part of the Shale Gas Research Project, under the Environmental Geoscience Program, to investigate the possible relationship
between hydraulic fracturing (HF) of shale gas and the changing pattern of local seismicity. In 2015, the activity was expanded to a Project to include studies of all injection-related seismic events. NRCan's ISR Project has three major tasks. The first is to improve real-time earthquake-monitoring
capability in major shale gas basins where the station coverage of regional seismograph network is sparse. The second is to establish the baseline of regional seismic pattern (i.e., the pre-development reference line) for places where the development potential of unconventional oil and gas is deemed
high in the foreseeable future. The third is to conduct targeted studies on significant induced events to understand the relationship between their seismogenesis and man-made operations. In collaborations with many partners, new broadband seismograph stations have been installed in BC, AB, NB, SK,
QC, NT, and YT. Studies of local seismicity before, during, and after HF operations have been completed for the northeast BC and western AB, the Moncton and Sussex areas (southern NB), and the Norman Wells area of the central MacKenzie Valley (NT). Regional earthquake baseline is also established
for the areas of St. Lawrence Valley and Anticosti Island, QC. An increase of local seismicity in BC and AB is spatially and temporarily correlated with the peak period of injection operations associated with shale gas development. Tectonic strain rate and injection volume appear to be important
factors in controlling the distribution of induced events. Although large induced events always occurred near injection wells with large volumes, large injection volume do not necessarily result in large induced events. Some of the largest hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquakes can cause strong
shaking at the source areas, suggesting that seismic hazards due to induced earthquakes should not be overlooked. Future efforts of NRCan's ISR include the delineation of seismogenic patterns of injection-induced earthquakes and their implications for regional short-and long-term seismic hazards,
detailed investigations of induced earthquake source characteristics with a multi?disciplinary approach, and the development and establishment of quantitative models to enhance and improve regulatory performances.
Measuring, monitoring and verifying of geological carbon storage
Authors: White D
Published: June 2018

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been identified as a priority issue within the context of the North American Climate Change and Energy Collaboration and Mission Innovation. An important aspect of CCS is the need to improve public confidence in long-term
geological storage of CO2. A key to developing confidence for the longer term is a demonstration of safe and expected storage behaviour in the short term. Two primary concerns of the public and government regulatory bodies are the potential for induced seismicity and for CO2 leakage. To alleviate
these concerns, storage monitoring is critical in demonstrating that the subsurface CO2 plume is behaving as expected, and that induced microseismic or seismic activity is being closely monitored. The Aquistore CO2 Storage Project is a multi-year research and monitoring project to demonstrate that
storing CO2 deep underground is a safe and workable solution to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. The Geological Survey of Canada's studies within the project are focused on the development of improved monitoring methodologies and a better understanding of the relationship
between CO2 injection and induced seismicity.
A total of ~160 ktonnes of CO2 were injected at the Aquistore site from April-2015 to May-2018. Injection is occurring within a saline formation at a depth of 3150?3350 m. In the first 4 months of 2016, CO2 was injected at an average rate of ~400 tonnes/day. Passive seismic monitoring at
the site which began in 2012 has not identified any seismicity associated with the injection process. The first time-lapse 3D seismic surveys were conducted in February and November of 2016 when the cumulative injected quantity of CO2 was 36 ktonnes and 105 ktonnes, respectively. The latest 3D
survey occurred in March?2018 with 135 ktonnes injected. The resultant time-lapse seismic images show how the CO2 plume is partitioned vertically within the reservoir and how it is spreading laterally. The seismic observations indicate that the initial geological model used for CO2 flow simulations
will have to be modified.
Combinatorial positivity of translation-invariant valuations and a discrete Hadwiger theorem
Authors: Jochemko Katharina , Sanyal Raman
Published: June 2018

We introduce the notion of combinatorial positivity of translation-invariant valuations on convex polytopes that extends the nonnegativity of Ehrhart

h^*

-vectors. We give a surprisingly simple characterization of combinatorially positive valuations that implies Stanley’s nonnegativity and monotonicity of

h^*

-vectors and generalizes work of Beck et al. (2010) from solid-angle polynomials to all translation-invariant simple valuations. For general polytopes, this yields a new characterization of the volume as the unique combinatorially positive valuation up to scaling. For lattice polytopes our results extend work of Betke–Kneser (1985) and give a discrete Hadwiger theorem: There is essentially a unique combinatorially-positive basis for the space of lattice-invariant valuations. As byproducts, we prove a multivariate Ehrhart–Macdonald reciprocity and we show universality of weight valuations studied in Beck et al. (2010).
О задаче Канторовича с ограничением на плотность
Authors: Doledenok Anna Nikolaevna
Published: June 2018

В статье рассматривается задача Канторовича
оптимальной транспортировки с ограничением
на плотности для мер на бесконечномерном
пространстве. При такой постановке допустимый
транспортный план неотрицателен и мажорируется
заданной функцией-ограничителем. Доказаны
существование и единственность решения данной задачи.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Приближение суммами вида $\sum_k\lambda_kh(\lambda_kz)$ в круге
Authors: Borodin Petr Anatolevich
Published: June 2018

Для заданной функции $h$, аналитической в единичном круге $D$,
исследуется вопрос о плотности в пространстве $A(D)$ аналитических
в $D$ функций множества $S(h,E)$ указанных в заглавии сумм
с параметрами $\lambda_k\in E$, где $E$ - компактное подмножество
в $\overline D$. Доказывается, в частности, что если компакт $E$
"окружает" точку $0$ и все коэффициенты ряда Тейлора функции $h$
отличны от нуля, то $S(h,E)$ плотно в $A(D)$.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Сублинейный аналог теоремы Банаха-Мазура в отделимых
выпуклых конусах с нормой
Authors: Stonyakin Fedor Sergeevich
Published: June 2018

В работе на базе свойства функциональной отделимости
элементов выделен специальный класс отделимых
нормированных конусов, который включает в себя выпуклые
конусы в нормированных пространствах, а также
в пространствах с несимметричной нормой. Показано,
что отделимые нормированные конусы, вообще говоря,
не допускают линейного инъективного изометричного
вложения ни в какое нормированное пространство. Получен
аналог теоремы Банаха-Мазура о сублинейном инъективном
вложении отделимого нормированного конуса в конус
вещественных неотрицательных непрерывных функций на
отрезке $[0;1]$ с обычной супремум-нормой. С использованием
этого результата доказано существование счетного тотального
множества линейных ограниченных функционалов в специальном
классе отделимых нормированных конусов.
Библиография: 19 названий.
The Portrayal of Jews in Seventeenthand Eighteenth-Century Monastery Chronicles from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on the Basis of Selected Examples
Authors: Gąsiorowski Stefan
Published: June 2018

Monastery chronicles from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth provide valuable insight not only into the history of individual orders and the Polish clergy in general, but also into the history of mentality, daily life and religious and ethnic minorities. Although references to Jews are rather sporadic in such chronicles, they are nevertheless quite diverse and concern almost all aspects of Jewish activity in Poland and abroad. Therefore, they can serve as an excellent complement to other sources in the field, including Jewish ones, and those of various secular institutions and offices. It should be noted, however, that the credibility of the information contained in monastery chronicles is always dependent on the distance in time and space between the chronicler and the described events and should—if possible—be verified against other documentary sources from the same period.
Impact of surface and near-surface processes on ice crystal concentrations measured at mountain-top research stations
Authors: Beck Alexander , Henneberger Jan , Fugal Jacob P. , David Robert O. , Lacher Larissa , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In situ cloud observations at mountain-top research stations regularly
measure ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) orders of magnitudes higher
than expected from measurements of ice nucleating particle (INP)
concentrations. Thus, several studies suggest that mountain-top in situ cloud
microphysical measurements are influenced by surface processes, e.g., blowing
snow, hoar frost or riming on snow-covered trees, rocks and the snow surface.
This limits the relevance of such measurements for the study of microphysical
properties and processes in free-floating clouds. This study assesses the impact of surface processes on in situ cloud
observations at the Sonnblick Observatory in the Hohen Tauern region,
Austria. Vertical profiles of ICNCs above a snow-covered surface were
observed up to a height of 10 m. The ICNC decreases at least by a
factor of 2 at 10 m if the ICNC at the surface is larger than
100 L−1. This decrease can be up to 1 order of magnitude during
in-cloud conditions and reached its maximum of more than 2 orders of
magnitudes when the station was not in cloud. For one case study, the ICNC
for regular and irregular ice crystals showed a similar relative decrease
with height. This suggests that either surface processes produce both
irregular and regular ice crystals or other effects modify the ICNCs near the
surface. Therefore, two near-surface processes are proposed to enrich ICNCs
near the surface. Either sedimenting ice crystals are captured in a turbulent
layer above the surface or the ICNC is enhanced in a convergence zone
because the cloud is forced over a mountain. These two processes would also
have an impact on ICNCs measured at mountain-top stations if the surrounding
surface is not snow covered. Conclusively, this study strongly suggests that
ICNCs measured at mountain-top stations are not representative of the
properties of a cloud further away from the surface.
Quantifying the variability of the annular modes: Reanalysis uncertainty vs. sampling uncertainty
Authors: Gerber Edwin P. , Martineau Patrick
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The annular modes characterize the dominant variability of the extratropical circulation in each hemisphere, quantifying vacillations in the position of the tropospheric jet streams and the strength of the stratospheric polar vortices. Their representation in all available reanalysis products is assessed. Reanalysis uncertainty associated with limitations in the ability to constrain the circulation with available observations, i.e., the inter-reanalysis spread, is contrasted with sampling uncertainty associated with the finite length of the reanalysis records. It is shown that the annular modes are extremely consistent across all modern reanalyses during the satellite era (1979 onward). Consequently, uncertainty in annular mode variability, e.g., the coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere and the variation in the amplitude and time scale of jet variations throughout the annual cycle, is dominated by sampling uncertainty. Comparison of reanalyses based on conventional or surface observations alone with those using all available observations indicates that there is limited ability to characterize the Southern Annular Mode in the pre-satellite era. For the Northern Annular Mode, however, there is evidence that conventional observations are sufficient, at least from 1958 onward. The addition of two additional decades of records substantially reduces sampling uncertainty in several key measures of annular mode variability, demonstrating the value of more historic reanalyses. Implications for the assessment of atmospheric models and the strength of coupling between the surface and upper atmosphere are discussed.
Heterogeneous response of Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies to the largest Common Era volcanic eruptions
Authors: Churakova Olga V. , Fonti Marina V. , Saurer Matthias , Guillet Sébastien , Corona Christophe , Fonti Patrick , Myglan Vladimir S. , Kirdyanov Alexander V. , Naumova Oksana V. , Ovchinnikov Dmitriy V. , Shashkin Alexander , Panyushkina Irina , Büntgen Ulf , Hughes Malcolm K. , Vaganov Eugene A. , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Stoffel Markus
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Stratospheric volcanic eruptions have far-reaching impacts on global climate and society. Tree rings can provide valuable climatic information on these impacts across different spatial and temporal scales. Here we explore the suitability of tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood density (MXD), cell wall thickness (CWT), and δ13C and δ18O in tree-ring cellulose for the detection of climatic changes in northeastern Yakutia (YAK), eastern Taimyr (TAY) and Russian Altai (ALT) sites caused by six largest Common Era stratospheric volcanic eruptions (535, 540, 1257, 1640, 1815 and 1991). Our findings suggest that TRW, MXD, and CWT show strong summer air temperature anomalies in 536, 541–542, 1258–1259 at all study sites. However, they do not reveal distinct and coherent fingerprints after other eruptions. Based on δ13C data, 536 was extremely humid in YAK and TAY, whereas 541 and 542 were humid years in TAY and ALT. In contrast, the 1257 eruption of Samalas likely triggered a sequence of at least two dry summers across all three Siberian sites. No further extreme hydro-climatic anomalies occurred at Siberian sites in the aftermath of the 1991 eruption. Summer sunshine duration decreased significantly in 536, 541–542, 1258–1259 in YAK, and 536 in ALT. Conversely, 1991 was very sunny in YAK. Since climatic responses to large volcanic eruptions are different, and thus affect ecosystem functioning and productivity differently in space and time, a combined assessment of multiple tree-ring parameters is needed to provide a more complete picture of past climate dynamics, which in turns appears fundamental to validate global climate models.
Characterizing the complexity of microseismic signals at slow-moving clay-rich debris slides: the Super-Sauze (southeastern France) and Pechgraben (Upper Austria) case studies
Authors: Vouillamoz Naomi , Rothmund Sabrina , Joswig Manfred
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Soil and debris slides are prone to rapid and dramatic
reactivation. Deformation within the instability is accommodated by sliding,
whereby weak seismic energies are released through material deformation.
Thus, passive microseismic monitoring provides information that relates to
the slope dynamics. In this study, passive microseismic data acquired at
Super-Sauze (southeastern France) and Pechgraben (Upper Austria) slow-moving
clay-rich debris slides (“clayey landslides”) are investigated.
Observations are benchmarked against previous similar case studies to provide a
comprehensive and homogenized typology of microseismic signals at clayey
landslides. A thorough knowledge of the various microseismic signals generated
by slope deformation is crucial for the future development of automatic
detection systems to be implemented in landslide early-warning systems. Detected
signals range from short-duration (< 2 s) quake-like signals to a
wide variety of longer-duration tremor-like radiations (> 2 s –
several min). The complexity of seismic velocity structures, the low quantity and low
quality of available signal onsets and non-optimal seismic network geometry
severely impedes the source location procedure; thus, rendering source
processes characterization challenging. Therefore, we constrain sources'
locations using the prominent waveform amplitude attenuation pattern
characteristic of near-source area (< about 50 m) landslide-induced
microseismic events. A local magnitude scale for clayey landslides
(ML−LS) is empirically calibrated using calibration shots and hammer
blow data. The derived ML−LS returns daily landslide-induced
microseismicity rates that positively correlate with higher average daily
displacement rates. However, high temporal and spatial resolution analyses of the
landslide dynamics and hydrology are required to better decipher the
potential relations linking landslide-induced microseismic signals to
landslide deformation.
Energy states of soil water – a thermodynamic perspective on storage dynamics and the underlying controls
Authors: Zehe Erwin , Loritz Ralf , Jackisch Conrad , Westhoff Martijn , Kleidon Axel , Blume Theresa , Hassler Sibylle , Savenije Hubert H.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The present study corroborates that the free energy state of soil water offers a new perspective on storage dynamics and similarity of hydrological systems that cannot be inferred from the usual comparison of soil moisture observations or groundwater levels. We show that the unsaturated zone of any hydrological system is characterized by a system- specific balance of storage and release. This storage equilibrium, which is jointly controlled by the soil physical and topographical system characteristics, reflects the thermodynamic equilibrium state of minimum free energy the system approaches when relaxing from external disturbances. Rainfall or radiation frequently forces parts of the system out of this storage equilibrium, storage dynamics can hence be visualized as sequences of deviations from and relaxations back to equilibrium. This perspective reveals that storage dynamics operates in two distinctly different energetic regimes, where either capillarity dominates over gravity or vice versa. As these regimes are associated either with a storage deficit or a storage excess, relaxation requires either recharge or release. This implies that the terms wet and dry should be used with respect to the equilibrium storage as meaningful reference point. We show furthermore that the free energy state of the soil water stock, the storage equilibrium which separates the two dynamic regimes, as well as the degree of non-linearity within those regimes depend on the joint controls of catchment topography and the physical properties of the soils. We express these joint controls in form of a new characteristic function of the unsaturated zone we call the energy state function. By comparing the energy state functions of different systems we demonstrate their distinct sensitivity to topography and soil water characteristics and their usefulness for inter-comparing storage dynamics among those systems. This ultimately reveals that storage dynamics at the system level may operate by far more linearly than suggested by the retention function of the soils.
Geostatistical assessment of warm-season precipitation observations in Korea based on the composite precipitation and satellite water vapor data
Authors: Park Sojung , Park Seon Ki , Lee Jeung Whan , Park Yunho
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Among the meteorological disasters, heavy rainfalls cause the second largest
damage in Korea, following typhoons. To manage the potential disasters
due to heavy rainfalls, understanding the observational characteristics of
precipitation is of utmost importance. In this study, we investigate the
spatial and temporal characteristics of warm-season precipitation in Korea,
according to the precipitation types, by conducting the geostatistical
analyses such as an autocorrelogram, Moran's I and general G on the
composite (radar + station) precipitation data. The e-folding distance
of precipitation ranges from 15 to 35 km, depending on the spatial
distribution, rather than intensity, of precipitation, whereas the
e-folding time ranges from 1 to 2 h. The directional analyses revealed
that the warm-season precipitation systems in Korea, especially those with
a high precipitation amount, have high spatial autocorrelations in the
southwest–northeast and west–east directions, in association with the
frontal rainfalls, convection bands, etc. Furthermore, the cluster versus
dispersion patterns and the hot versus cold spots are analyzed through
Moran's I and general G, respectively. Water vapor, represented by the
brightness temperature, from three Himawari-8 water vapor bands also shows
similar characteristics with precipitation but with strong spatial
correlation over a much longer distance (∼ 100 km), possibly due to the
continuity of water vapor. We found that, under the e-folding-based
standard, the current observation network of Korea is sufficient to capture
the characteristics of most precipitation systems; however, under a strict
standard (e.g., autocorrelation of 0.6), a higher-resolution observation
network is essentially required – especially in local areas with frequent
heavy rainfalls – depending on the directional features of precipitation
systems. Establishing such an observation network based on the
characteristics of precipitation enables us to improve
monitoring, tracking, and prediction skills of high-impact weather phenomena as
well as to enhance the utilization of numerical weather prediction.
Review article: A systematic literature review of research trends and authorships on natural hazards, disasters, risk reduction and climate change in Indonesia
Authors: Djalante Riyanti
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Indonesia is one of the most vulnerable countries to disasters and climate
change. While there has been a proliferation of academic publications on
natural hazards, risks and disasters on Indonesia, there has not yet been a
systematic literature review (SLR) to determine the progress, key topics and
authorships. SLR is important so researchers can build upon existing works,
avoid bias, determine major research topics and the need for further research, and
strengthen research capacity in the future. The author conducts a SLR of
publications indexed within the Scopus database from 1900 to 2016 on topics
related to disasters and climate change in Indonesia. Two major findings are
outlined. The first is related to major research topics: (1) natural
hazard, risk and disaster assessments (HRD); (2) disaster risk reduction
(DRR); and (3) climate change risks, vulnerability, impacts and adaptation
(CC). More than half are related to HRD and focus on volcanic eruptions,
tsunamis and earthquakes. Publications on DRR are related to governance,
early-warning systems, and recovery and reconstruction. Those on CC discuss carbon
emission, forestry, governance and sectoral impacts. The author calls for
future research on different hazards, different locations, and impacts of
disasters and climate change. Risks and vulnerability assessments from
hydro-meteorological and geophysical hazards are needed. Other locations
beyond Sumatra and Java islands are to be examined. Urban risk assessments
and the economic and social impacts of disasters and climate change on
vulnerable places and communities are equally important. Risk governance at
the national, local and community level is to be strengthened to increase
resilience. The second finding examines the roles of Indonesian
researchers and organizations. Findings show limited progress in research,
publication and collaboration. International/non-Indonesian authors dominate
the literature, and only half of the publications are co-authored by
Indonesians. International collaborations have been conducted by very few
Indonesian organizations. This could be due to limited experience in
academic collaboration, power play amongst researchers, lack of research
capacity, weak English academic writings skills and limited provisions
within higher-education systems. The author recommends more funding and
incentives for collaborations; training on English academic writing and
journal article publications; capacity building especially for early careers,
female and social science researchers; encouragement of multi-disciplinary
collaborations; and strengthening of science communication in social media
and science-policy advocacy.
Characteristics of chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Nordic Seas
Authors: Makarewicz Anna , Kowalczuk Piotr , Sagan Sławomir , Granskog Mats A. , Pavlov Alexey K. , Zdun Agnieszka , Borzycka Karolina , Zabłocka Monika
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Optical properties of chromophoric (CDOM) and fluorescent dissolved organic
matter (FDOM) were characterized in the Nordic Seas including the West
Spitsbergen Shelf during June–July 2013, 2014, and 2015. The CDOM absorption
coefficient at 350 nm, aCDOM(350) showed significant interannual
variation (T test, p < 0.00001). In 2013, the highest average
aCDOM(350) values
(aCDOM(350) = 0.30 ± 0.12 m−1) were observed due
to the influence of cold and low-salinity water from the Sørkapp Current (SC) in
the southern part of the West Spitsbergen Shelf. In 2014, aCDOM(350)
values were significantly lower (T test, p < 0.00001) than in 2013
(average aCDOM(350) = 0.14 ± 0.06 m−1), which was
associated with the dominance of warm and saline Atlantic Water (AW) in the
region, while in 2015 intermediate CDOM absorption (average
aCDOM(350) = 0.19 ± 0.05 m−1) was observed.
In situ measurements of three FDOM components revealed that
fluorescence intensity of protein-like FDOM dominated in the surface layer of
the
Nordic Seas. Concentrations of marine and terrestrial humic-like DOM were
very low and distribution of those components was generally vertically
homogenous in the upper ocean (0–100 m). Fluorescence of terrestrial and
marine humic-like DOM decreased in surface waters (0–15 m) near the
sea ice edge due to dilution of oceanic waters by sea ice meltwater. The
vertical distribution of protein-like FDOM was characterized by a prominent
subsurface maximum that matched the subsurface chlorophyll a maximum and
was observed across the study area. The highest protein-like FDOM
fluorescence was observed in the Norwegian Sea in the core of warm AW. There
was a significant relationship between the protein-like fluorescence and
chlorophyll a fluorescence (R2 = 0.65, p < 0.0001,
n = 24 490), which suggests that phytoplankton was the primary source
of protein-like DOM in the Nordic Seas and West Spitsbergen Shelf waters.
Observed variability in selected spectral indices (spectral slope
coefficient, S300–600, carbon-specific CDOM absorption
coefficient at 254 and 350 nm, SUVA254, aCDOM*(350)) and
the nonlinear relationship between CDOM absorption and the spectral slope
coefficient also indicate a dominant marine (autochthonous) source of CDOM
and FDOM in the study area. Further, our data suggest that
aCDOM(350) cannot be used to predict dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) concentrations in the study region; however the slope coefficient
(S300–600) shows some promise in being used.
Influence of basement heterogeneity on the architecture of low subsidence rate Paleozoic intracratonic basins (Ahnet and Mouydir basins, Central Sahara)
Authors: Perron Paul , Guiraud Michel , Vennin Emmanuelle , Moretti Isabelle , Portier Éric , Le Pourhiet Laetitia , Konaté Moussa
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Paleozoic intracratonic North African Platform is characterized by an association of arches (ridges, domes, swells or paleo-highs) and low subsidence rate syncline basins of different wavelengths (75–620 km). The structural framework of the platform results from the accretion of Archean and Proterozoic terranes during the Pan-African orogeny (750–580 Ma). The Ahnet and Mouydir basins are successively delimited from east to west by the Amguid El Biod, Arak-Foum Belrem, and Azzel Matti arches, bounded by inherited Precambrian sub-vertical fault systems which were repeatedly reactivated or inverted during the Paleozoic. Major unconformities are related to several tectonic events such as the Cambrian–Ordovician extension, Ordovician–Silurian glacial rebound, Silurian–Devonian “Caledonian” extension/compression, late Devonian extension/compression, and “Hercynian” compression. The deposits associated with these arches and syncline basins exhibit thickness variations and facies changes ranging from continental to marine environments. The arches are characterized by thin amalgamated deposits with condensed and erosional surfaces, whereas the syncline basins exhibit thicker and well-preserved successions. In addition, the vertical facies succession evolves from thin Silurian to Givetian deposits into thick Upper Devonian sediments. Synsedimentary deformations are evidenced by wedges, truncations, and divergent onlaps. Locally, deformation is characterized by near-vertical planar normal faults responsible for horst and graben structuring associated with folding during the Cambrian–Ordovician–Silurian period. These structures may have been inverted or activated during the Devonian compression and the Carboniferous. The sedimentary infilling pattern and the nature of deformation result from the slow Paleozoic reactivation of Precambrian terranes bounded by vertical lithospheric fault zones. Alternating periods of tectonic quiescence and low-rate subsidence acceleration associated with extension and local inversion tectonics correspond to a succession of Paleozoic geodynamic events (i.e. far-field orogenic belt, glaciation).
Exploration and Integration of Ethical Leadership Potential Dimensions and Differential Employee Voice Behaviour – A Strategic Management Perspective
Authors: Baskaran Shathees , Mahadi Nomahaza , Tangaraja Thanabalan , Yuen Tai Mee , Kumar Saravin Kumar Binu
Published: June 2018

Business ethics has gained great interest due to rising trend of ethical misconducts around the world. While ethics has its impacts at personal, organizational and societal levels, it is regarded as a moral responsibility of various stakeholders including the leaders and also employees. Therefore, a leader is required to demonstrate an ethical leadership while employees should be given an avenue to voice out their ethical concerns as well. Employees may voice out their ethical concerns in the form of suggestion, problem or opinion while the leader should demonstrate their ethical practices through motive, influences and also moral character. In view of this, a theoretical framework is proposed by incorporating these dimensions supported by relevant literature for conceptualization of the research. Direction for future is also provided to validate and improve predictive value of the research model.