bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproductive ecology of buzz-pollinated Ouratea spectabilis trees (Ochnaceae) in Brazilian Cerrados
Authors: Montesinos D. , Oliveira P.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Ouratea spectabilis is a ubiquitous tree species in the Brazilian savannas, or Cerrados, where it plays an important ecological role. We studied its anthesis phenology, pollination biology, pollen viability, and pollen tube growth, and executed a set of intra- and interspecific experimental crosses to determine its mechanisms of incompatibility and reproductive ecology. The species presents a specialized buzz pollination syndrome and is served by a small array of specialized pollinator species. It is a mostly self-incompatible species, and although self-pollination is possible, it strongly reduces fertility, with reproductive outputs for hand self-pollination similar to those of interspecific crosses with the co-generic species O. hexasperma. Incompatibility with another commonly co-occurring co-generic species, O. floribunda, was complete, with a null fruit set, as occurred for the autonomous apomixis tests. Our pollen tube growth observations indicate that incompatibility occurs at the style, and is thus pre-zygotic. All three Ouratea species presented very high pollen viability. Manual pollen supplementation did not increase seed sets. Nevertheless, even after excess manual pollen supplementation, seed-to-ovule ratios were only 30%. Such limits are common in stressful environments, and fruit production for most Cerrado species is reported to be regularly under those levels. The apparent ubiquity of this fertility limit among Cerrado species poses interesting ecological questions, such as the role of environmental stress on reproduction and the potential overproduction of ovules as an evolutionary strategy to deal with seed predation – questions which deserve further research in the future.
Repensar el Caribe desde los Estudios Culturales: Literatura, Nación, Racialidad y Género en Donnete Francis, April Shemak y Rosamond King
Authors: Cabarcas Ortega Marcelo José
Published: January 2015

Desde los estudios literarios y culturales, estas autoras se unen a un creciente número de expertas interesadas en analizar el impacto de las dinámicas neoliberales en los aspectos étnicos, sexuales y de género en el Caribe, ya sea en el archipiélago o en sus bordes continentales. Respecto a este análisis se pueden afirmar, por lo menos, dos rasgos relevantes: el primero es la importancia otorgada a las nuevas diásporas y su efecto en la actualidad; el segundo es la necesidad de ampliar el archivo literario mediante la integración de la música, la fotografía y el performance al proceso tradicional de hermenéutica. Así, al plantearse formas más incluyentes de interpretación, la crítica busca superar lugares comunes ya desgastados por el excesivo uso y sintonizarse con las inquietudes de creadoras y creadores jóvenes respecto a las realidades de la migración y su influjo en el actual redimensionamiento político del cuerpo. En esa medida, April Shemak, Donnete Francis y Rosamond King y otras escritoras problematizan la idea de un Caribe de puro contacto y difusión.
Reseña. Eugenia Brito, "Ficciones del muro: Brunet, Donoso, Eltit". Santiago: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2014.
Authors: Zamorano Díaz César
Published: January 2015

Reseña del libro de "Ficciones del muro" de Eugenia Brito
Democracy as Heuristic:
Authors: Landemore Hélène
Published: January 2015

In this paper, Landemore explores one defense of political equality: that uncertainty about the nature of the political questions a polity will face require not only maximal inclusion but also egalitarian inclusion. While experts have an advantage in cataloging and quantifying known risks, there is no expertise in enumerating outcomes under uncertainty, when the very number and probability of possible outcomes are unknown. Democratic equality is thus “ecologically” rational, because best suited to this radical uncertainty.
ESTOQUES DE BIOMASSA E NUTRIENTES EM TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE Parkia EM PLANTIOS JOVENS SOBRE ÁREA DEGRADADA NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL
Authors: Costa Karen C.P. da , Ferraz João B.S. , Bastos Rodrigo P. , Reis Tatiane Da S. , Ferreira Marciel J. , Guimarães Giuliano P.
Published: January 2015

As estratégias de distribuição de biomassa e nutrientes utilizadas pelas espécies florestais podem refletir sua capacidade de sobrevivência em plantios sobre áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar os estoques de biomassa e nutrientes nos compartimentos arbóreos de Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida e Parkia pendula em plantios sobre área degradada em Manaus, AM. A biomassa foi determinada pelo método destrutivo em seis árvores de cada espécie, que foram compartimentadas em: folhas, galhos finos (Ø <10 cm), galhos grossos (Ø ≥10 cm), fuste, raízes médias (2 mm ≤ Ø <5 cm) e raízes grossas (Ø ≥5 cm). Aos quatro anos, Parkia multijuga exibiu 60% do total de biomassa nos compartimentos aéreos e 40% nos subterrâneos. Parkia nitida exibiu 84% nos compartimentos aéreos e apenas 16% nos subterrâneos. Parkia pendula exibiu 67% nos compartimentos aéreos e 33% nos subterrâneos. A ordem de acúmulo de macronutrientes nos compartimentos foi: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. O fato de Parkia multijuga adotar estratégias de alocação de biomassa e nutrientes que favorecerão seu desempenho sobre sítios com baixa disponibilidade de recursos sustenta sua indicação para a composição de programas de reflorestamento em áreas degradadas na Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Espécies florestais nativas; nutrição florestal; reflorestamento; restauração. AbstractBiomass and nutrients in three species of Parkia plantings on degraded area in Central Amazon. Biomass and nutrients partitioning strategies in tree species may reflect their ability to survive in plantations on degraded areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the content of biomass and nutrients in tree components of Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida and Parkia pendula on plantings in degraded area in Manaus, AM. The biomass was determined by the harvest method in six trees of each species, which were subdivided into leaves, fine branches (Ø < 10 cm), coarse branches (Ø ≥10 cm), stem wood, medium roots (≤ 2 mm Ø < 5 cm ) and coarse roots (Ø ≥ 5 cm). At 4 years, Parkia multijuga allocated 60% of the total biomass to above-ground components and 40% to below-ground. Parkia nitida allocated 84% to above-ground and 16% to below-ground. Parkia pendula allocated 67% to above-ground components and 33% to below-ground. The order of the nutrient accumulation in tree compartments was: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. Parkia multijuga, by adopting better strategies of distribution of biomass and nutrients, it is a recommended species for reforestation programs on degraded sites in the Amazon.Keywords: Native forest species; forest nutrition; reforestation; restoration.
Admissions Criteria and Upper-Divisional Ratings as Predictors of Student Teaching Achievement in Music Education
Authors: Hime Lauren Jane , Miksza Peter , Hunsucker Alyssa
Published: January 2015

The goal of this study was to explore relationships among entrance criteria, mid-degree assessment criteria, and student teaching success among music education students at a large midwestern university (N = 139). Data for this study consisted of admission information (background experiences, entrance interview rating sheets), upper-divisional ratings, and midterm student teaching evaluations. Data were collected from files of graduates admitted to the bachelor of music education program between the fall semesters of 2003 and 2009. Internal consistencies of the entrance interview scale (α = .79), the upper-divisional review scale (α = .74), and the midterm student teaching assessment (α = .95) were acceptable. Correlation and linear regression analyses revealed several potentially important predictors of student success at upper-divisional review (e.g., high school GPA, academic achievement, years of piano, high school performance experience, composite admissions ratings). However, no viable predictors of student teaching ratings were identified. The findings of this study perhaps suggest that the admissions and upper-divisional measures may more readily predict characteristics required for success in the rigorous musical and academic culture of this particular institution. Additional emphases on assessment criteria related directly to practical teaching skill or pedagogical content knowledge at the time of upper-divisional review may lead to more predictive relations to student teaching success.
Heirloom Seed and Story Keepers: Arts-Based Research as Community Discourse in Southern Appalachia
Authors: Dockery Chris
Published: January 2015

Heirloom seeds are seeds that have been passed down in families for more than fifty years. One of the signature projects of the Appalachian Studies Center at the University of North Georgia, Saving Appalachian Gardens and Stories (SAGAS), is an annual demonstration garden for heirloom seeds and oral history collection. The organic garden is designed to minimize water loss, replenish our seed bank, and share seeds with our neighbors. Saving Appalachian Gardens and Stories preserves cultural history by interviewing seed donors about gardening traditions and foodways of Southern Appalachia. The 2012-2013 Appalachian teaching project Heirloom Seed and Story Keepers: Growing Community and Sustainability through Arts-Based research, an extension of the SAGAS initiative, is an undergraduate research project that utilizes a methodology of arts-based inquiry. The research provides students and community members with reciprocal opportunities to engage in the local food system through cultural literacy and seeks to learn how heirloom seed gardening literally and metaphorically represents the development of community in Lumpkin County. Students identified and interviewed tradition-bearers in the region, and their analysis resulted in an artistic representation of their research called a "communograph" (The Communograph Project, http://www.communograph.com). On display, the communograph has invited viewers into a larger conversation about Appalachian foodways, heirloom gardening, and the significant role our community elders and their traditions have to play in educating our youth about sustainable practices.
Nos trilhos do Museu de Artes e Ofícios: Exposição e público em Belo Horizonte/MG
Authors: Martinez Claudia Eliane Parreiras Marques
Published: January 2015

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa realizada com aproximadamente quinhentos usuários do Metrô de Belo Horizonte (MG), em particular na plataforma de embarque da Estação Central. Uma das justificativas, apresentadas pelo museólogo Pierre-Yves Catel e pela equipe que participou da montagem e da organização do Museu de Artes e Ofícios (MAO), para a ocupação do prédio da Estação Central e sua ressignificação, transformando-o em uma instituição museal? voltada para a história/memória do trabalho e do trabalhador ? foi a de que, naquela localização, poder-se-ia contar com “um público potencial de um milhão de visitantes por ano chegando pelo metrô”. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa procura entender, sobretudo, a relação que se estabelece, na atualidade, entre o usuário do metrô e o Museu. No entanto, antes de revelar os dados dessa investigação, fez-se necessário analisar alguns aspectos que envolvem a história do MAO e, também, alguns pontos da exposição de longa duração apresentada ao público desde a inauguração da mencionada instituição, em 2005/2006.
O museu como patrimônio, a república como memória: arte e colecionismo em Belém do Pará (1890-1940)
Authors: Figueiredo Aldrin Moura de
Published: January 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a coleção de arte do Museu de Arte de Belém como patrimônio histórico e cultural do município de Belém, Estado do Pará. Essa coleção iniciada ainda no Império, ganhou ênfase durante o início da República como parte de um exercício político que tomava a arte e a história como elementos formadores da nacionalidade.
Objetos indígenas: do artificial ao imaterial
Authors: Thompson Analucia
Published: January 2015

Analisamos neste artigo os diversos sentidos que foram atribuídos aos objetos indígenas ao longo da trajetória de constituição dos museus modernos, para, então, tecer algumas considerações sobre os significados atribuídos a eles nas concepções de patrimônio cultural desenvolvidas pelas políticas públicas preservacionistas, especificamente pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. Partimos do princípio que os museus se constituíram como os lugares privilegiados de guarda desses objetos, expressando assim as ações, as práticas sociais, as técnicas e o modo como o conhecimento foi e é construído e reproduzido sobre aquilo que se encontra em museus. A análise das significações e as ressignificações de ‘coisas’ que passam a ser denominadas em determinado momento etnográficas, permite desnaturalizar a concepção de que os objetos existem por si só como, por exemplo, etnográficos ou artísticos. Desenvolvemos, nesse sentido, uma historicização do processo de musealização dos objetos indígenas para entender as conformações que hoje adquire a patrimonialização de bens culturais de grupos indígenas.
História e Antropologia nas fronteiras do extremo norte do Brasil: o patrimônio cultural dos Wajãpi e uma reflexão sobre as artes indígenas
Authors: Silva Giovani José da
Published: January 2015

OsOs Wajãpi são indígenas falantes de uma língua Tupi que vivem no início do século XXI na região delimitada pelos rios Oiapoque, Jari e Araguari, no Estado do Amapá, fronteira do Brasil com a Guiana Francesa. Além da riqueza das narrativas orais, os Wajãpi possuem um repertório definido de padrões gráficos que pode ser denominado de arte kusiwa. Os padrões gráficos referem-se, sobretudo, a animais que compõem a mitologia Wajãpi. Em 2002, o Iphan (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional) inscreveu a arte kusiwa no Livro de Registro das Formas de Expressão por meio de um dossiê. Tal documento foi elaborado por iniciativa do Apina (Conselho das Aldeias Wajãpi) para ser encaminhado à Unesco (Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura), que selecionou as expressões gráficas e orais dos Wajãpi como obra prima do patrimônio oral e imaterial da humanidade, em 2003. O artigo tem por objetivo problematizar a temática do patrimônio cultural, apresentando uma reflexão sobre as artes indígenas em geral e especificamente sobre as artes dos Wajãpi. Espera-se, desse modo, contribuir a respeito dos usos sociais dos patrimônios culturais em perspectiva interdisciplinar, centrando na interlocução entre Arte, História e Antropologia.
Noticias de livros eventos
Authors: Rodrigues Pauline Bitzer
Published: January 2015

Trata-se da apresentação da seção: Resenha de eventos e livros, na qual estão expostos os eventos que ocorreram entre Departamento de História e Programa da Pós-Graduação de História.
Imprinting and its disorders in evolutionary perspective
Authors: Tumienė Birutė , Utkus Algirdas , Kučinskas Vaidutis
Published: January 2015

Bacground. Genomic imprinting is one of the best-studied epigenetic phenomena involving all the main epigenetic processes. Recent investigations led to a huge expansion of knowledge in this field and changed some established paradigms regarding imprinting establishment and maintenance. Evolutionary theories are intended to explain origins of imprinting and its evolutionary survival under the influence of selection pressure. The three main evolutionary theories based on selective asy­mmetry between maternally and paternally inherited alleles are kinship, sexual antagonism and maternal-offspring coadaptation theories. Though no one of them can explain all the aspects of imprinting, they are not mutually exclusive and multiple mechanisms may be at work at any given locus. Further evidences for imprinting importance come from investigations of human imprinting disorders. Eight of them have been described so far and multilocus imprinting defects have been recently discovered pointing to derangements in some common imprinting establishment / maintenance mechanisms.
Conclusions. Investigations of imprinting mechanisms, evolutionary origins and derangements led to some crucial discoveries in epigenetic processes shaping both health and disease, and a huge expansion of knowledge in imprinting is anticipated in the future, especially with wider application of advanced genetic technologies.
Access to Preventive Health Care in Severely Disabled Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Dobos Katharine , Healy Brian , Houtchens Maria
Published: January 2015

Background: Nonambulatory patients may be at risk for poor access to preventive health screening. Few studies have reported on this access in severely disabled women with multiple sclerosis (MS). We sought to describe preventive medical care in the most disabled women with MS and to identify factors that may influence access to care.

Methods: Patient records from the Partners MS Center database were reviewed. Women with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 7 or greater were selected. Proportions of patients with preventive-care visits were compared with 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines and normative data. Logistic regression was used to assess demographic and disease effects on receiving services.

Results: Forty-eight percent of patients had annual mammograms versus 72% of healthy women and the CDC target of 81%; 41.8% had Papanicolaou smears within 3 years compared with 82% of healthy women and the target of 93%; and 61.2% aged 50 years and older ever had a colonoscopy compared with the target of 70%. Younger age predicted lower rates of colonoscopy (P < .002) and mammography (P < .004), and shorter disease duration predicted lower rates of mammography (P < .004). Obesity was associated with a lower likelihood of colonoscopy (P = .007) and bone density screening (P = .02).

Conclusions: Women with severe MS disability are vulnerable to significantly decreased access to preventive care. The influence of patient and physician factors and the possible consequent delays in cancer diagnosis should be further clarified.
Do Physical Therapy Interventions Affect Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: Block Valerie , Rivera Monica , Melnick Marsha , Allen Diane D.
Published: January 2015

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents with many debilitating symptoms, including urinary incontinence (UI), that physical therapy (PT) may address; UI is widely prevalent, but PT management of symptoms lacks consensus. A meta-analysis of long-term nonsurgical and nonpharmaceutical treatment options may supply this deficiency. We analyzed the current evidence for effectiveness of PT to decrease UI and improve quality of life (QOL) in people with MS.

Methods: An electronic search conducted through November 26, 2013, included the following search terms: incontinence, bladder dysfunction, urinary incontinence, multiple sclerosis, MS, physical therapy, physiotherapy, therapy, and rehabilitation. Criteria for inclusion were as follows: MS diagnosis, intervention involved PT for UI or bladder dysfunction, outcomes assessed QOL or UI, and at least a 4 of 10 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale or a 2b level of evidence. Outcomes were combined across studies, and effect sizes are depicted in forest plots.

Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Between-group analysis revealed statistically significant differences in incontinence episodes and QOL, but did not reach significance for functional control mechanisms (eg, electromyography data on strength of contraction, relaxation, and endurance). Incontinence leakage episodes and QOL participation improved within groups.

Conclusions: Meta-analysis indicates support for PT for minimizing incontinence compared with pretreatment and affecting incontinence and QOL more than control in people with MS. Protocols were heterogeneous regarding duration and type of PT intervention and were applied in different types of MS. Further research may reveal the most effective combination and variety of PT interventions for people with MS.
Selecting Rehabilitation Outcome Measures for People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cohen Evan T. , Potter Kirsten , Allen Diane D. , Bennett Susan E. , Brandfass Kathi G. , Widener Gail L. , Yorke Amy M.
Published: January 2015

Despite the well-known benefits of using standardized outcome measures (OMs) in clinical practice, a variety of barriers interfere with their use. In particular, rehabilitation therapists lack sufficient knowledge in selecting appropriate OMs. The challenge is compounded when working with people with multiple sclerosis (MS) owing to heterogeneity of the patient population and symptom variability in individual patients. To help overcome these barriers, the American Physical Therapy Association appointed the Multiple Sclerosis Outcome Measures Task Force to review and make evidence-based recommendations for OM use in clinical practice, education, and research specific to people with MS. Sixty-three OMs were reviewed based on their clinical utility, psychometric properties, and a consensus evaluation of the appropriateness of use for people with MS. We sought to illustrate use of the recommendations for two cases. The first case involves a 43-year-old man with new-onset problems after an exacerbation. The second case pertains to an outpatient clinic interested in assessing the effectiveness of their MS rehabilitation program. For each case, clinicians identified areas that were important to assess and various factors deemed important for OM selection. Criteria were established and used to assist in OM selection. In both cases, the described processes narrowed the selection of OMs and assisted with choosing the most appropriate ones. The recommendations, in addition to the processes described in these two cases, can be used by clinicians in any setting working with patients with MS across the disability spectrum.
Implementation of an Integrative Coping and Resiliency Program for Nurses
Authors: Deible Stephanie , Fioravanti Marie , Tarantino Bonnie , Cohen Susan
Published: January 2015

Purpose:

To improve resiliency and reduce burnout in nurses through implementation of the Healing Pathways program (University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore). Aims of this study include assessment of feasibility and acceptability and to explore changes in stress, coping, burnout, and mindfulness.

Design:

A single-group, pre-, posttest design of an 8-week program in which participants attended weekly sessions that included Reiki, yoga, and meditation. Sample included 8 nurses with 1 advanced practice nurse, all female, ages ranging from 22 to 49 years, experience levels ranging from <1 year to 26 years.

Methods:

Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale before intervention, at last session, and 1 month after last session. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and qualitative narrative inquiry.

Findings:

Improvements were noted in perceived stress, coping, burnout exhaustion subscale, and mindfulness.

Conclusion:

Healing Pathways was effective at reducing stress and improving coping and mindfulness in nurses.

Implications:

Nurses who invest time in self-care techniques including Reiki, yoga, and meditation improve their overall wellbeing and may provide higher-quality patient care. Implementation of an 8-week program in integrative self-care is feasible and important for the health of nurses.
Complementary and Integrative Healthcare in a Long-term Care Facility: A Pilot Project
Authors: Evans Roni , Vihstadt Corrie , Westrom Kristine , Baldwin Lori
Published: January 2015

Introduction:

The world's population is aging quickly, leading to increased challenges of how to care for individuals who can no longer independently care for themselves. With global social and economic pressures leading to declines in family support, increased reliance is being placed on community- and government-based facilities to provide long-term care (LTC) for many of society's older citizens. Complementary and integrative healthcare (CIH) is commonly used by older adults and may offer an opportunity to enhance LTC residents’ wellbeing. Little work has been done, however, rigorously examining the safety and effectiveness of CIH for LTC residents.

Objective:

The goal of this work is to describe a pilot project to develop and evaluate one model of CIH in an LTC facility in the Midwestern United States.

Methods:

A prospective, mixed-methods pilot project was conducted in two main phases: (1) preparation and (2) implementation and evaluation. The preparation phase entailed assessment, CIH model design and development, and training. A CIH model including acupuncture, chiropractic, and massage therapy, guided by principles of collaborative integration, evidence informed practice, and sustainability, was applied in the implementation and evaluation phase. CIH services were provided for 16 months in the LTC facility. Quantitative data collection included pain, quality of life, and adverse events. Qualitative interviews of LTC residents, their family members, and LTC staff members queried perceptions of CIH services.

Results:

A total of 46 LTC residents received CIH care, most commonly for musculoskeletal pain (61%). Participants were predominantly female (85%) and over the age of 80 years (67%). The median number of CIH treatments was 13, with a range of 1 to 92. Residents who were able to provide self-report data demonstrated, on average, a 15% decline in pain and a 4% improvement in quality of life. No serious adverse events related to treatment were documented; the most common mild and expected side effect was increased pain (63 reports over 859 treatments). Qualitative interviews revealed most residents, family members and LTC staff members felt CIH services were worthwhile due to perceived benefits including pain relief and enhanced psychological and social wellbeing.

Conclusion:

This project demonstrated that with extensive attention to preparation, one patient-centered model of CIH in LTC was feasible on several levels. Quantitative and qualitative data suggest that CIH can be safely implemented and might provide relief and enhanced wellbeing for residents. However, some aspects of model delivery and data collection were challenging, resulting in limitations, and should be addressed in future efforts.
Teachers’ beliefs about diversity: an analysis from a personal and professional perspective
Authors: Chiner Esther , Cardona-Moltó María C. , Gómez Puerta José Marcos
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the beliefs that teachers have about diversity and their level of sensitivity towards some topics related to it. Moreover, beliefs were compared according to teachers’ personal and professional views and teaching experience. The Personal and Professional Beliefs about Diversity Scales (Pohan and Aguilar, 1999) were administered to a sample of 233 teachers. Results showed highly positive beliefs towards diversity in all its dimensions (cultural, linguistic and social diversity, ability, gender, sexual orientation and religion), especially regarding its personal implications compared to the professional ones. Likewise, it was observed a significant relationship between years of teaching experience and professional beliefs about diversity, so teachers with no school experience showed a higher tolerance than those with teaching experience, mainly in aspects related to cultural, linguistic and social differences, ability and gender. The implications that these results have for educational practice and the need for the development of multicultural education courses that favour an effective teaching are discussed.
Media Literacy through photography and participation. A conceptual approach
Authors: Rabadán Ángel V.
Published: January 2015

We are living in social massification processes that oppress our identity and specificity as a human group; however, there are tools increasingly present among researchers, educators and other professionals who help to develop interpretations and create knowledge by developing a participatory communication perspective.

This article discusses how communication and learning through dialogue and creative practice can be fostered with social interaction and dialogic processes generated through participatory photography workshops, in order to contribute to media literacy.

Similar to other creative experiences of this kind, this is not only a space to share products, jobs, tips and techniques, but also one for social interaction and communication. Educators in the field of media literacy can find, unprecedented challenges and opportunities in these initiatives to take advantage of the body of knowledge of adolescents and promote learning.
Educative Supervision in International Cooperation Contexts
Authors: Ortiz Ana , Valdivia-Moral Pedro , Cachón Javier , Prieto Joel
Published: January 2015

This present paper has got a clear goal: to contextualize education for development in the present moment, planning its evolution and the keys that characterize education collected from the most representative and up-to-date pieces of work. The experience that we present is integrated in a project developed in Paraguay that is expected to describe the professional characteristics of the school supervisors of the Republic of Paraguay and according to them, determine which are their training needs in order to establish the rules for the elaboration of a training programme that includes the guidelines that managers should know in order to exercise their role. The implementation of the abovementioned programme and the global evaluation of the project, complete the study with the second and third stages of the work. An empirical descriptive study of a transverse nature has been used. One of the conclusions worth mentioning is that two fifths of the supervisors have not received update course over the last three years and those who have taken it belong to very diverse areas.
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL OIL AND CHEMICAL SPILL MODEL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Authors: Reed Mark , Rye Henrik
Published: January 2015

A comprehensive model of the dynamic, three-dimensional physical fates of contaminants in the marine environment has been developed. For oil spills, dissolution of aromatics from surface slicks and entrained oil droplets are the source of potential effects for biota in the water column. Oil on the surface and along shorelines provides the basis for evaluation of impacts on birds, marine mammals, and recreational activities. A graphical user interface couples the model to a variety of environmental databases and tools to facilitate specific applications and viewing of simulation results.
A numerical investigation of boundary layer quasi‐equilibrium
Authors: Thayer‐Calder K. , Randall David
Published: January 2015

Despite the large energy input from surface evaporation, the moist static energy (MSE) of the tropical boundary layer remains relatively constant on large spatial and temporal scales due to lifting of vapor by cloudy updrafts and the addition of dry air from the layers above. Arakawa and Schubert (1974) suggested that drying is due mainly to clear‐air turbulent entrainment between cloudy updrafts, while Raymond (1995) described drying due mainly to convective downdrafts. We used cloud‐resolving numerical simulations to investigate the transport of MSE into the boundary layer and found turbulent entrainment between clouds to be the dominant process.
First evidence for chorus at a large geocentric distance as a source of plasmaspheric hiss: Coordinated THEMIS and Van Allen Probes observation
Authors: Li W. , Chen L. , Bortnik J. , Thorne R. M. , Angelopoulos V. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B.
Published: January 2015

Recent ray tracing suggests that plasmaspheric hiss can originate from chorus observed outside of the plasmapause. Although a few individual events have been reported to support this mechanism, the number of reported conjugate events is still very limited. Using coordinated observations between Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) and Van Allen Probes, we report on an interesting event, where chorus was observed at a large L shell (~9.8), different from previously reported events at L < 6, but still exhibited a remarkable correlation with hiss observed in the outer plasmasphere (L ~ 5.5). Ray tracing indicates that a subset of chorus can propagate into the observed location of hiss on a timescale of ~5–6 s, in excellent agreement with the observed time lag between chorus and hiss. This provides quantitative support that chorus from large L shells, where it was previously considered unable to propagate into the plasmasphere, can in fact be the source of hiss.
Salinity‐buffered methane hydrate formation and dissociation in gas‐rich systems
Authors: You Kehua , Kneafsey Timothy J. , Flemings Peter B. , Polito Peter , Bryant Steven L.
Published: January 2015

Methane hydrate formation and dissociation are buffered by salinity in a closed system. During hydrate formation, salt excluded from hydrate increases salinity, drives the system to three‐phase (gas, water, and hydrate phases) equilibrium, and limits further hydrate formation and dissociation. We developed a zero‐dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium‐based model to explain this concept. We demonstrated this concept by forming and melting methane hydrate from a partially brine‐saturated sand sample in a controlled laboratory experiment by holding pressure constant (6.94 MPa) and changing temperature stepwise. The modeled methane gas consumptions and hydrate saturations agreed well with the experimental measurements after hydrate nucleation. Hydrate dissociation occurred synchronously with temperature increase. The exception to this behavior is that substantial subcooling (6.4°C in this study) was observed for hydrate nucleation. X‐ray computed tomography scanning images showed that core‐scale hydrate distribution was heterogeneous. This implied core‐scale water and salt transport induced by hydrate formation. Bulk resistivity increased sharply with initial hydrate formation and then decreased as the hydrate ripened. This study reproduced the salinity‐buffered hydrate behavior interpreted for natural gas‐rich hydrate systems by allowing methane gas to freely enter/leave the sample in response to volume changes associated with hydrate formation and dissociation. It provides insights into observations made at the core scale and log scale of salinity elevation to three‐phase equilibrium in natural hydrate systems.
Review of Recent Developments in the Field of Magnesium Corrosion
Authors: Atrens Andrej , Song Guang‐Ling , Liu Ming , Shi Zhiming , Cao Fuyong , Dargusch Matthew S.
Published: January 2015

This paper provides a review of recent developments in the field of Mg corrosion and puts those into context. This includes considerations of corrosion manifestations, material influences, surface treatment, anodization, coatings, inhibition, biodegradable medical applications, stress corrosion cracking, flammability, corrosion mechanisms for HP Mg, critical evaluation of corrosion mechanisms, and concluding remarks. There has been much research recently, and much research continues in this area. This is expected to produce significantly better, more‐corrosion‐resistant Mg alloys.
Synthesis of Fluorescent Naphthoquinolizines via Intramolecular Houben–Hoesch Reaction
Authors: Stasyuk Anton J. , Smoleń Sabina , Glodkowska‐Mrowka Eliza , Brutkowski Wojciech , Cyrański Michał K. , Tkachenko Nikolai , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: January 2015

The repertoire of synthetic methods leading to aza‐analogues of polycyclic aromatic heterocycles has been enlarged by the discovery of the rearrangement of 10‐substituted benzo[h]quinolines into compounds bearing an azonia‐pyrene moiety. Acid‐mediated intramolecular cyclization of derivatives bearing ‐CH2CN and ‐CH2CO2Et groups led to compounds bearing a 5‐substituted benzo[de]pyrido[3,2,1‐ij]quinolinium core. Advanced photophysical studies including time‐correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and transient absorption spectroscopy of 5‐aminobenzo[de]pyrido[3,2,1‐ij]quinolin‐4‐ium salt and 5H‐benzo[de]pyrido[3,2,1‐ij]quinolin‐5‐one showed their promising optical properties such as high fluorescence quantum yields (37–59 %), which was almost independent of the solvent, and high tenability of the absorption band position upon changing the solvent. The benzo[de]pyrido[3,2,1‐ij]quinolinium salt selectively stains nucleic acids (in the nucleus and mitochondria) in eukaryotic cells.
PIAS3 expression in squamous cell lung cancer is low and predicts overall survival
Authors: Abbas Rime , McColl Karen S. , Kresak Adam , Yang Michael , Chen Yanwen , Fu Pingfu , Wildey Gary , Dowlati Afshin
Published: January 2015

Unlike lung adenocarcinoma, little progress has been made in the treatment of squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has recently reported that receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways are altered in 26% of SCC tumors, validating the importance of downstream Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3) activity as a prime therapeutic target in this cancer. In the present report we examine the status of an endogenous inhibitor of STAT3, called Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT3 (PIAS3), in SCC and its potential role in this disease. We examine PIAS3 expression in SCC tumors and cell lines by immunohistochemistry of a tissue microarray and western blotting. PIAS3 mRNA expression and survival data are analyzed in the TCGA data set. SCC cell lines are treated with curcumin to regulate PIAS3 expression and cell growth. PIAS3 protein expression is decreased in a majority of lung SCC tumors and cell lines. Analysis of PIAS3 mRNA transcript levels demonstrated that low PIAS3 levels predicted poor survival; Cox regression analysis revealed a hazard ratio of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.37–0.87), indicating a decrease in the risk of death by 43% for every unit elevation in PIAS3 gene expression. Curcumin treatment increased endogenous PIAS3 expression and decreased cell growth and viability in Calu‐1 cells, a model of SCC. Our results implicate PIAS3 loss in the pathology of lung SCC and raise the therapeutic possibility of upregulating PIAS3 expression as a single target that can suppress signaling from the multiple receptor tyrosine kinase receptors found to be amplified in SCC.
Neurite outgrowth resistance to rho kinase inhibitors in PC12 Adh cell
Authors: Yin Hua , Hou Xiaolin , Tao Tingrui , Lv Xiaoman , Zhang Luyong , Duan Weigang
Published: January 2015

Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor is a promising agent for neural injury disorders, which mechanism is associated with neurite outgrowth. However, neurite outgrowth resistance occurred when PC12 Adh cell was treated with ROCK inhibitors for a longer time. PC12 Adh cells were treated with ROCK inhibitor Y27632 or NGF for different durations. Neurite outgrowth resistance occurred when PC12 Adh cell exposed to Y27632 (33 µM) for 3 or more days, but not happen when exposed to nerve growth factor (NGF, 100 ng/mL). The gene expression in the PC12 Adh cells treated with Y27632 (33 µM) or NGF (100 ng/mL) for 2 or 4 days was assayed by gene microarray, and the reliability of the results were confirmed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Cluster analysis proved that the gene expression profile of PC12 Adh cell treated with Y27632 for 4 days was different from that treated with Y27632 for 2 days and those treated with NGF for 2 and 4 days, respectively. Pathway analysis hinted that the neurite outgrowth resistance could be associated with up‐regulation of inflammatory pathways, especially rno04610 (complement and coagulation cascades), and down‐regulation of cell cycle pathways, especially rno04110.
The effect of the size of fluorescent dextran on its endocytic pathway
Authors: Li Lei , Wan Tao , Wan Min , Liu Bei , Cheng Ran , Zhang Rongying
Published: January 2015

Fluorescent dextrans are commonly used as macropinocytic probes to study the properties of endocytic cargoes; however, the effect of the size of dextrans on endocytic mechanisms has not been carefully analyzed. By using chemical and siRNA inhibition of individual endocytic pathways, we evaluated the internalization of two commonly used dextrans, Dex10 (dextran 10 kDa) and Dex70 (dextran 70 kDa), in mammalian HeLa cells and Caenorhabditis elegans coelomocytes. We revealed that Dex70 enters these two cell types predominantly via clathrin‐ and dynamin‐independent and amiloride‐sensitive macropinocytosis process; Dex10, on the other hand, enters the two cell types through clathrin‐/dynamin‐dependent micropinocytosis in addition to macropinocytosis. In addition, although different‐sized dextrans follow different endocytic processes, they share common post‐endocytic events. Herein, though straightforward, our studies support that the size of nanomaterials could play a paramount role in their inclusion into endocytic vesicles and suggest that care should be taken while selecting endocytic pathway markers. Based on our results, we propose that Dex70 is a better probe for macropinocytosis, whereas Dex10 and smaller molecules are better for probing general fluid‐phase endocytosis, which includes macropinocytic and micropinocytic processes.
Expression and function of fatty acid‐binding protein 4 in epithelial cell of uterine endometrium
Authors: Zhu Qiuyuan , Jin Yan , Wang Peng , Wang Hanzhi , Lu Bingjian , Wang Zhengping , Dong Minyue
Published: January 2015

The aims of this study were to delineate the expression of fatty‐acid binding protein (FABP) 4 in human uterine endometrium and its function in the regulation of proliferation, migration and invasion of epithelial cells. Immunohistochenistry, immunofluorence and Western blotting were used to determine the expression and cellular localization of FABP4 in endometrium and endometrial epithelial cell lines. Interference of small ribonuclear acid (siRNA) and specific FABP4 inhibitor were used to inhibit FABP4. The proliferation, migration and invasion of epithelial cells were evaluated with CCK‐8 assay, wound‐healing test and transwell analysis respectively. We found that FABP4 was expressed by epithelial cells of proliferative endometrium and epithelial and stromal cells of secrectory endometrium. Epithelial cell lines Ishikawa and RL‐952 expressed FABP4 and this expression was decreased by FABP4 siRNA. FABP4 siRNA and specific FABP4 inhibition significantly decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion of epithelial cell lines. We concluded that FABP4 is functionally expressed in endometrial epithelium and is necessary for maintaining the cell function of epithelial cells of endometrium.
Differential effect of Activin A and WNT3a on definitive endoderm differentiation on electrospun nanofibrous PCL scaffold
Authors: Hoveizi Elham , Massumi Mohammad , Ebrahimi‐barough Somayeh , Tavakol Shima , Ai Jafar
Published: January 2015

The first step in the formation of hepatocytes and beta cells is the generation of definitive endoderm (DE) which involves a central issue in developmental biology. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the pluripotency to differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro and have been considered potent candidates for regenerative medicine as an unlimited source of cells for therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated the differentiating potential of hiPSCs on poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold into DE cells. Here, we demonstrate directed differentiation of hiPSCs by factors such as Activin A and Wnt3a. The differentiation was determined by immunofluoresence staining with Sox17, FoxA2 and Goosecoid (Gsc) and also by qRT‐PCR analysis. The results of this study showed that hiPSCs, as a new cell source, have the ability to differentiate into DE cells with a high capacity and also demonstrate that three dimension (3D) culture provides a suitable nanoenviroment for growth, proliferation and differentiation of hiPSCs. PCL nanofibrous scaffold with essential supplements, stimulating factors and EB‐derived cells is able to provide a novel method for enhancing functional differentiation of hiPSCs into DE cells.
Origins of the breast milk‐derived cells; an endeavor to find the cell sources
Authors: Sani Mahsa , Hosseini Seyed Mojtaba , Salmannejad Mahin , Aleahmad Fatemeh , Ebrahimi Sepideh , Jahanshahi Samira , Talaei‐Khozani Tahereh
Published: January 2015

Fresh human breast milk consists of a heterogeneous population of cells that may offer a non‐invasive source of cells for therapeutic proposes. The aims of this study were to characterize the breast milk‐derived cells cultured in vitro. To do this, the cells from human breast milk were cultured and the expression of the CD markers along with the embryonic stem cell markers, endothelial and luminal mammary epithelial cell markers was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The presence of fetal microchimerism among the isolated cells was also determined by the presence of SRY gene. They were also differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts. The results showed that a remarkable number of cells expressed the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers such as CD90, CD44, CD271, and CD146. A subpopulation of the human breast milk‐derived cells (HBMDC) also expressed the embryonic stem cell markers, such as TRA 60–1, Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 but not SSEA1 or 4. The frequencies of the cells which expressed the endothelial, hematopoietic cell markers were negligible. SRY gene was not detected in the breast milk isolated cells. A subpopulation of the cells also expressed cytokeratin 18, the marker of luminal mammary epithelial cells. These cells showed the capability to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. In conclusion, these finding highlighted the presence of cells with various sources in the breast milk. Different stem cells including MSCs or embryonic stem cell‐like cell along with the exfoliated cells from luminal epithelial cells were found among the isolated cells. The breast milk‐derived stem cells might be considered as a non‐invasive source of the stem cells for therapeutic purpose.
Coronary aneurysm and stent fracture following stenting of a myocardial bridge
Authors: Lu Hao , Ge Lei , Ge Junbo
Published: January 2015

Myocardial bridge is the most common congenital coronary anomaly. We represent an extremely rare case of stent fracture combination with coronary aneurysm following stenting of a myocardial bridge. This 60‐years‐old male patient underwent coronary angiography in the local hospital four years ago. Coronary angiography revealed a myocardial bridge in the distal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). A 3.0 mm × 29 mm sirolimus eluting stent was deployed in the distal LAD. Three years later, repeat coronary angiography showed a large coronary aneurysm in the mid segment of the stent. The patient subsequently underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the distal segment of the LAD. But six months later, another coronary angiography showed a stent fracture in mid portion of the stent associated with a large coronary aneurysm, and the LIMA graft was totally occluded. A possible mechanism of stent fracture was long‐standing and cyclic mechanical stress on the stent by myocardium. These forces over a period of time may lead to metal fatigue and eventually fracture. Based on the observation of fracture and aneurysm in this study, we recommend that myocardial bridge should not be treated with intracoronary stenting. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.