bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-oscillations in capillary flow of entangled polymers
Authors: Wang Shi-Qing , Plucktaveesak N.
Published: July 2002

A well-established “coextrusion” technique is applied to visualize and document a newly found self-oscillation due to an unstable boundary condition in capillary flow of high-density polyethylene. In contrast to the other types of self-oscillations of interfacial origin reported in the literature, the phenomenon can only occur in a die where the upstream portion of the capillary die wall has a surface condition different from that of the downstream portion. The self-oscillation phenomenon takes place under a constant pressure when one half of the die wall (coated with a layer of fluoropolymer) assumes steady slip due to adhesive breakdown, and the boundary condition of the other half switches between no-slip and slip states through the cohesive chain disentanglement mechanism.
X-ray powder data and bond valence of La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 after Rietveld refinement
Authors: Paiva-Santos C. O. , Marques R. F. C. , Jafelicci M. , Varanda L. C.
Published: July 2002

Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected for La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 prepared through an alternative method from a stoichiometric mixture of Mn2O3, La2O3, and SrO2, fired at 1300 °C for 16 h. XRD analysis using the Rietveld method was carried out and it was found that manganite has rhombohedral symmetry (space group R3c). The lattice parameters are found to be a=5.5032 Å and c=13.3674 Å. The bond valence computation indicates that the initial inclusion of Sr occurs at higher temperature.
Multimaterial Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing of Compliant Crack Arrester: Influence of Interlayer Length, Thickness, and Applied Strain Rate
Authors: Waly Christoph , Petersmann Sandra , Arbeiter Florian
Published: February 2022

Additive manufacturing is a useful tool for fabricating complex multimaterial structures. Compliant interlayers (ILs) can easily be introduced into stiff materials to increase toughness and stop or impede crack growth, as is done in nature. The aim herein is to analyze the influence of varying IL lengths and thicknesses on crack propagation in 3D‐printed polymers at different loading rates. A glycol‐modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) is used as a matrix material, while a thermoplastic elastomer on a copolyester basis serves as an compliant IL. Specimen fabrication is done with a fused filament fabrication 3D printer equipped with a multimaterial unit, which allows to print a component composed of several materials within one print. Additively manufactured Charpy samples are tested in three‐point bending at loading rates between 0.1 mm min−1and 3.8 m s−1. The thickness of the IL almost shows no effect on energy absorption as long as remaining in the same printing orientation and loading rate. For varying IL lengths, a constant fight between crack penetration and crack deflection occurs. At low loading rates, the IL acts as a defect. As the loading rate increases, the total absorbed energy of composites increases compared with the pure matrix material.
Simultaneous Enhanced Device Efficiency and Color Neutrality in Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics Employing a Synergy of Ternary Strategy and Optical Engineering
Authors: Yuan Xinxin , Sun Rui , Wu Yao , Wang Tao , Wang Yuheng , Wang Wei , Yu Yue , Guo Jing , Wu Qiang , Min Jie
Published: February 2022

Power conversion efficiency (PCE) and color rendering index (CRI) are two important parameters for realizing the potential application of semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) into the field of building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). Herein, to extend the PCE limit while showing desirable neutral‐colored perception, formally in a trade‐off relationship, of ST‐OPVs, new ternary photoactive layers composed of polymer donor PM6‐Ir1, non‐fullerene acceptor BTP‐eC9, and fullerene acceptor PC71BM as the third component are employed, which are effective to improve opaque device efficiency while modulating CRI in relevant ternary blends. Furthermore, multifunctional ST‐OPVs are realized via simultaneously optimizing the content of PC71BM in acceptors and employing a simple photonic reflector, leading to not only excellent neutral color perception with a CRI of 96.5 but also a PCE of 14.09% with an average visible transmittance higher than 20%. Vivid backgrounds can be clearly seen through the 1‐DBR‐based ternary ST‐OPVs. Overall, these results represent the best‐performing multifunctional ST‐OPVs, and this synergistic effect can pave the road for ST‐OPVs as promising BIPVs of high device performance and good color neutrality.
Decoupling and Reprogramming the Wiggling Motion of Midge Larvae Using a Soft Robotic Platform
Authors: Xia Neng , Jin Bowen , Jin Dongdong , Yang Zhengxin , Pan Chengfeng , Wang Qianqian , Ji Fengtong , Iacovacci Veronica , Majidi Carmel , Ding Yang , Zhang Li
Published: February 2022

The efficient motility of invertebrates helps them survive under evolutionary pressures. Reconstructing the locomotion of invertebrates and decoupling the influence of individual basic motion are crucial for understanding their underlying mechanisms, which, however, generally remain a challenge due to the complexity of locomotion gaits. Herein, a magnetic soft robot to reproduce midge larva's key natural swimming gaits is developed, and the coupling effect between body curling and rotation on motility is investigated. Through the authors’ systematically decoupling studies using programmed magnetic field inputs, the soft robot (named LarvaBot) experiences various coupled gaits, including biomimetic side‐to‐side flexures, and unveils that the optimal rotation amplitude and the synchronization of curling and rotation greatly enhance its motility. The LarvaBot achieves fast locomotion and upstream capability at the moderate Reynolds number regime. The soft robotics‐based platform provides new insight to decouple complex biological locomotion, and design programmed swimming gaits for the fast locomotion of soft‐bodied swimmers.
Bimetallic Nanocatalysts Immobilized in Nanoporous Hydrogels for Long‐Term Robust Continuous Glucose Monitoring of Smart Contact Lens
Authors: Kim Su‐Kyoung , Lee Geon‐Hui , Jeon Cheonhoo , Han Hye Hyeon , Kim Seong‐Jong , Mok Jee Won , Joo Choun‐Ki , Shin Sangbaie , Sim Jae‐Yoon , Myung David , Bao Zhenan , Hahn Sei Kwang
Published: February 2022

Smart contact lenses for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have great potential for huge clinical impact. To date, their development has been limited by challenges in accurate detection of glucose without hysteresis for tear glucose monitoring to track the blood glucose levels. Here, long‐term robust CGM in diabetic rabbits is demonstrated by using bimetallic nanocatalysts immobilized in nanoporous hydrogels in smart contact lenses. After redox reaction of glucose oxidase, the nanocatalysts facilitate rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and nanoparticle‐mediated charge transfer with drastically improved diffusion via rapid swelling of nanoporous hydrogels. The ocular glucose sensors result in high sensitivity, fast response time, low detection limit, low hysteresis, and rapid sensor warming‐up time. In diabetic rabbits, smart contact lens can detect tear glucose levels consistent with blood glucose levels measured by a glucometer and a CGM device, reflecting rapid concentration changes without hysteresis. The CGM in a human demonstrates the feasibility of smart contact lenses for further clinical applications.
Six‐Mode Orbital Angular Momentum Generator Enabled by Helicity‐Assisted Full‐Space Metasurface with Flexible Manipulation of Phase, Polarization, and Spatial Information
Authors: Liu Tonghao , Li Weihan , Meng Yueyu , Ma Hua , Tang Wenxuan , Li Guoqiang , Shi Hongyu , Sui Sai , Wang Jiafu , Qu Shaobo
Published: February 2022

Vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been experiencing a research upsurge attributed to its excellent communication capability, which also boosts the development of the OAM technology and promotes the application of the OAM generator. However, most of the existing designs of the OAM generators can only produce a small number of diverse OAM modes, and restrict the channel capacity of single OAM generator. Herein, an appealing strategy of six‐mode OAM generator based on helicity‐assisted full‐space metasurface is proposed to generate up to six diverse OAM modes by altering the polarization state, illumination region, and incidence direction of incident waves. Significantly, the designed OAM generator has high communication security because of its great information entropy, and the generated OAM modes possess the characteristics of high purity and low crosstalk which result from the orthogonal polarization states and unequal deflection angles of produced vortex beams. A proof‐of‐concept prototype is constructed to corroborate the validity of our methodology, and the results of simulations and experiments are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. This fire‐new OAM generator will possess a promising application prospect in communication systems, and may also provide an efficacious method to design multifunctional devices.
Truxenone Triimide: Two‐Dimensional Molecular Arrangements of Triangular Molecules for Air Stable n‐Type Semiconductors
Authors: Kumar Sharvan , Koo Yun Hee , Higashino Tomohiro , Matsuda Wakana , Ghosh Samrat , Tsutsui Yusuke , Suda Masayuki , Imahori Hiroshi , Suzuki Katsuaki , Kaji Hironori , Seki Shu
Published: February 2022

The preparation of a new class of electron deficient organic compounds is of great interest for the development of high‐performance n‐type organic semiconductors. Herein, the facile synthetic protocol for the isolation of the first examples of truxenone triimide (TTI) is reported. The electrochemical analysis of the resulting TTIs confirms that the multi‐imidization helps in lowering the LUMO energy level, tailoring prerequisite optoelectronic and/or semiconducting properties. Their microscopic charge carrier transport properties and dynamics are screened by flash‐photolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity measurements. Compound 2D exhibited an electron mobility of 0.27 cm2 V−1 s−1 under ambient conditions.
PRUNE1 c.933G>A synonymous variant induces exon 7 skipping, disrupts the DHHA2 domain, and leads to an atypical NMIHBA syndrome presentation: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Magyar Christina L. , Murdock David R. , Burrage Lindsay C. , Dai Hongzheng , Lalani Seema R. , Lewis Richard A. , Lin Yuezhen , Astudillo Marcela F. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Tran Alyssa A. , Gibson James B. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Bacino Carlos A. , Lee Brendan H. , Chao Hsiao‐Tuan
Published: February 2022

Prune exopolyphosphatase‐1 (PRUNE1) encodes a member of the aspartic acid–histidine–histidine (DHH) phosphodiesterase superfamily that regulates cell migration and proliferation during brain development. In 2015, biallelic PRUNE1 loss‐of‐function variants were identified to cause the neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain abnormalities (NMIHBA, OMIM#617481). NMIHBA is characterized by the namesake features and structural brain anomalies including thinning of the corpus callosum, cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and delayed myelination. To date, 47 individuals have been reported in the literature, but the phenotypic spectrum of PRUNE1‐related disorders and their causative variants remains to be characterized fully. Here, we report a novel homozygous PRUNE1 NM_021222.2:c.933G>A synonymous variant identified in a 6‐year‐old boy with intellectual and developmental disabilities, hypotonia, and spastic diplegia, but with the absence of microcephaly, brain anomalies, or seizures. Fibroblast RNA sequencing revealed that the PRUNE1 NM_021222.1:c.933G>A variant resulted in an in‐frame skipping of the penultimate exon 7, removing 53 amino acids from an important protein domain. This case represents the first synonymous variant and the third pathogenic variant known to date affecting the DHH‐associated domain (DHHA2 domain). These findings extend the genotypic and phenotypic spectrums in PRUNE1‐related disorders and highlight the importance of considering synonymous splice site variants in atypical presentations.
Pairing Phenomena and Superfluidity of Atomic Fermi Gases in a Two‐Dimensional Optical Lattice: Unusual Effects of Lattice‐Continuum Mixing
Authors: Sun Lin , Wang Jibiao , Chu Xiang , Chen Qijin
Published: February 2022

The superfluid behavior of ultracold atomic Fermi gases with a short range attractive interaction in a two‐dimensional optical lattice (2DOL) is studied using a pairing fluctuation theory, within the context of BCS‐BEC crossover. It is found that the mixing of lattice and continuum dimensions leads to exotic phenomena. For relatively large lattice constant d and small hopping integral t, the superfluid transition temperature exhibits a remarkable reentrant behavior as a function of the interaction strength, and leads to a pair density wave ground state, where vanishes, for a range of intermediate coupling strength. In the unitary and BCS regimes, the nature of the in‐plane and overall pairing changes from particle‐like to hole‐like, with an unexpected nonmonotonic dependence of the chemical potential on the pairing strength. The Bose–Einstein condensation asymptotic behaviors exhibit distinct power law dependencies on the interaction strength compared to cases of pure 3D lattice, 3D continuum, and 1DOL. These predictions can be tested in future experiments.
Peptide Backbone Directed Self‐Assembly of Merocyanine Oligomers into Duplex Structures
Authors: Liu Bin , Vonhausen Yvonne , Schulz Alexander , Höbartner Claudia , Würthner Frank
Published: February 2022

The pseudopeptide backbone provided by N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐glycine oligomers with attached nucleobases has been widely utilized in peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as DNA mimics. Here we demonstrate the suitability of this backbone for the formation of structurally defined dye stacks. Toward this goal a series of peptide merocyanine (PMC) dye oligomers connected to a N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐glycine backbone were prepared through peptide synthesis. Our concentration‐, temperature‐ and solvent‐dependent UV/Vis absorption studies show that under the control of dipole–dipole interactions, smaller‐sized oligomers consisting of one, two or three dyes self‐assemble into defined duplex structures containing two up to six chromophores. In contrast, upon further extension of the oligomer, the chosen peptide backbone cannot direct the formation of a defined duplex architecture anymore due to intramolecular aggregation between the dyes. For all aggregate species a moderate aggregation‐induced emission enhancement is observed.
Expressed Protein Selenoester Ligation
Authors: Kulkarni Sameer S. , Watson Emma E. , Maxwell Joshua W. C. , Niederacher Gerhard , Johansen‐Leete Jason , Huhmann Susanne , Mukherjee Somnath , Norman Alexander R. , Kriegesmann Julia , Becker Christian F. W. , Payne Richard J.
Published: February 2022

Herein, we describe the development and application of a novel expressed protein selenoester ligation (EPSL) methodology for the one‐pot semi‐synthesis of modified proteins. EPSL harnesses the rapid kinetics of ligation reactions between modified synthetic selenopeptides and protein aryl selenoesters (generated from expressed intein fusion precursors) followed by in situ chemoselective deselenization to afford target proteins at concentrations that preclude the use of traditional ligation methods. The utility of the EPSL technology is showcased through the efficient semi‐synthesis of ubiquitinated polypeptides, lipidated analogues of the membrane‐associated GTPase YPT6, and site‐specifically phosphorylated variants of the oligomeric chaperone protein Hsp27 at high dilution.
Versatile Synthesis of Mesoporous Crystalline TiO2 Materials by Monomicelle Assembly
Authors: Lan Kun , Wei Qiulong , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: February 2022

Mesoscale TiO2 structures have realized many technological applications—ranging from catalysis and biomedicine to energy storage and conversion—because of their large mesoporosities offering desirable accessibility and mass transport. Tailoring mesoporous TiO2 structures with novel mesoscopic and microscopic configurations is envisaged to offer ample opportunities for further applications. In this Review, we explain how to synthesize novel mesoporous TiO2 materials and present recent examples. An emphasis is placed on a “monomicelle assembly” strategy as an emerging and powerful approach to direct the formation of mesostructured TiO2 with precise control over its structural orientations and architectures. Furthermore, typical examples of mesoporous TiO2 for applications in batteries and photocatalysis are highlighted. The Review ends with an outlook towards the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 with tailored architectures by self‐assembly, which could pave the way for developing advanced energy conversion and storage devices.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)−H Borylation of Aminocyclopropanes
Authors: Shi Yongjia , Yang Yuhuan , Xu Senmiao
Published: February 2022

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed regio‐ and stereo‐controllable C−H functionalization remains a formidable challenge in asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we disclose the first example of iridium‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H borylation of aminocyclopropanes by using simple imides as weakly coordinating directing groups under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded via a six‐membered iridacycle, affording a vast range of chiral aminocyclopropyl boronates. The current method features a broad spectrum of functional groups (36 examples) and high enantioselectivities (up to 99 %). We also demonstrated the synthetic utility by a preparative scale C−H borylation, C−B bond transformations, and conversion of the directing group.
Synthesis of N‐Doped Highly Graphitic Carbon Urchin‐Like Hollow Structures Loaded with Single‐Ni Atoms towards Efficient CO2Electroreduction
Authors: Li Yunxiang , Lu Xue Feng , Xi Shibo , Luan Deyan , Wang Xin , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: February 2022

The rational design of single‐atom catalysts featuring excellent conductivity, highly accessible discrete active sites and favorable mass transfer is crucial for electrocatalysis but remains challenging. In this study, a reliable Ni‐catalyzed and Ni‐templated strategy is developed to synthesize a single‐atom catalyst by transforming metallic Ni into single‐Ni atoms anchored on hollow porous urchin‐like (HPU) N‐doped carbon (NC) (designated as Ni‐NC(HPU)), which possesses high crystallinity and sufficient Ni‐N4moiety (2.4 wt %). The unique hollow thorns on the surface, good conductivity and large external surface area facilitate electron/mass transfer and exposure of single‐Ni sites. As a result, the Ni‐NC(HPU) catalyst exhibits remarkable activity and high stability for CO2electroreduction. Moreover, this synthetic strategy can also be facilely extended to prepare distinct hollow porous architectures with similar components, such as the wire‐ and sphere‐like ones.
Heterotrimetallic Double Cavity Cages: Syntheses and Selective Guest Binding
Authors: Lisboa Lynn S. , Preston Dan , McAdam C. John , Wright L. James , Hartinger Christian G. , Crowley James D.
Published: February 2022

A strategy for the generation of heterotrimetallic double cavity (DC) cages [PdnPtmL4]6+ (DC1: n=1, m=2; and DC2: n=2, m=1) is reported. The DC cages were generated by combining an inert platinum(II) tetrapyridylaldehyde complex with a suitably substituted pyridylamine and PdII ions. 1H and DOSY nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) data were consistent with the formation of the DC architectures. DC1 and DC2 were shown to interact with several different guest molecules. The structure of DC1, which features two identical cavities, binding two 2,6‐diaminoanthraquinone (DAQ) guest molecules was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. In addition, DC1 was shown to bind two molecules of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in a statistical (non‐cooperative) manner. In contrast, DC2, which features two different cage cavities, was found to interact with two different guests, 5‐FU and cisplatin, selectively.
A Glycoform‐Resolved Dual‐Modal Ratiometric Immunoassay Improves the Diagnostic Precision for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Pengfei , Pang Jilei , Xu Shuxin , He Hui , Ma Yanyan , Liu Zhen
Published: February 2022

The glycosylation pattern of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) paves the basis for precise early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, existing analytical methods ignore the contribution of terminal sialic acid, which has been reported to be highly connected with HCC. Besides, the development of diagnostic assays is severely hindered by the preparation of anti‐glycans antibodies. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), as synthetic antibody mimics, provide unique strengths to address these issues. Herein, we report a MIPs‐based dual‐modal ratiometric immunoassay for precise HCC diagnosis. Using a “pit one against ten” MIP to recognize a subset of glycans containing sialic acid and/or core fucose, we demonstrated our assay exhibited improved precision as compared with ELISA. This assay provided not only a glycoform‐resolved method for precise HCC diagnosis, but also a new paradigm for developing antibody mimics via molecular imprinting towards challenging biomedical applications.
Regional characteristics of hot days and tropical nights in the Honam area, South Korea
Authors: Park Tae‐Won , Lee Chan‐Gi , Chang Minhee , Park Doo‐Sun R.
Published: February 2022

This study analyses the regional characteristics of heat extremes (hot days and tropical nights) in the Honam area of South Korea during the recent 23 years (1997–2019) by using weather station data. The results based on the binary classifications of stations, that is, inland versus coastal and urban versus rural, show hot days in inland regions are climatologically more frequent, and present higher interannual variability and more evident increasing trend than coastal regions. On the other hand, inland regions are exposed to less active tropical nights. The thermal characteristics associated with the oceanic (or continental) climate at which the station is located are responsible for the inland–coastal dependency of frequencies in hot days and tropical nights. The noticeable discrimination between urban and rural stations, categorized by population, appears only in tropical night occurrences, while hot days are independent of urban–rural contrast. In urban stations, tropical night occurrences are climatologically higher, interannually more active, and recently more frequent. Regarding the urban heat island, the additional nocturnal heat leads to the urban concentrated activity of tropical nights. Our analyses suggest that for accurate forecasts of hot days and tropical nights, different regional environments must be considered.
Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and anticonvulsant activity of a deuterated analog of the α2/3‐selective GABAkine KRM‐II‐81
Authors: Golani Lalit K. , Divović Branka , Sharmin Dishary , Pandey Kamal P. , Mian Md Yeunus , Cerne Rok , Zahn Nicolas M. , Meyer Michelle J. , Tiruveedhula Veera V. N. P. B. , Smith Jodi L. , Ping Xingjie , Jin Xiaoming , Lippa Arnold , Schkeryantz Jeffrey M. , Arnold Leggy A. , Cook James M. , Savić Miroslav M. , Witkin Jeffrey M.
Published: February 2022

The imidazodiazepine, (5‐(8‐ethynyl‐6‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐4H‐benzo [f]imidazole[1,5‐α][1,4]diazepin‐3‐yl) oxazole or KRM‐II‐81) is a new α2/3‐selective GABAkine (gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor potentiator) with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and antinociceptive activity in preclinical models. Reducing metabolism was utilized as a means of potentially extending the half‐life of KRM‐II‐81. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate metabolic liabilities. Incubation of KRM‐II‐81 in hepatocytes revealed sites of potential metabolism on the oxazole and the diazepine rings. These sites were targeted in the design of a deuterated analog (D5‐KRM‐II‐81) that could be evaluated as a potentially longer‐acting analog. In contrast to computer predictions, peak plasma concentrations of D5‐KRM‐II‐81 in rats were not significantly greater than those produced by KRM‐II‐81 after oral administration. Furthermore, brain disposition of KRM‐II‐81 was higher than that of D5‐KRM‐II‐81. The half‐life of the two compounds in either plasma or brain did not statistically differ from one another but the tmax for D5‐KRM‐II‐81 occurred slightly earlier than for KRM‐II‐81. Non‐metabolic considerations might be relevant to the lack of increases in exposure by D5‐KRM‐II‐81. Alternative sites of metabolism on KRM‐II‐81, not targeted by the current deuteration process, are also possible. Despite its lack of augmented exposure, D5‐KRM‐II‐81, like KRM‐II‐81, significantly prevented seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol when given orally. The present findings introduce a new orally active anticonvulsant GABAkine, D5‐KRM‐II‐81.
Physicochemical characterization and functional properties of flours from North‐western Argentina bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars
Authors: Nagai Nadia F. , Argel Natalia S. , Andrés Silvina C.
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives

Beans are widely consumed throughout the world, usually as whole seeds. However, its use as flour is not widely used and they could be potential ingredients for developing new products due to their nutritional, physicochemical, and techno‐functional properties. In this sense, these properties of flours obtained from different agronomic‐improved North‐western Argentina (NOA) bean cultivars were studied.

Findings

All of the bean flours were rich in total dietary fiber and proteins, and also contained phytosterols (β‐sitosterol > stigmasterol > campesterol) and γ‐tocopherol. Flours obtained from colored cultivars showed higher pigments and total phenolic contents and had higher antioxidant activities. In flours, water and oil absorption capacities were correlated to flours' total dietary fiber contents, and adequate emulsion activities and stabilities were observed, positively correlated with their protein contents. Flour starch granules showed smooth surfaces without cracks or fissures, spherical and oval shapes, and heterogeneous sizes. However, no differences were found in starch gelatinization among flours by differential scanning calorimetry and similar Fourier transform infrared spectra or X‐ray diffraction patterns were observed.

Conclusions

Bean flours are potential ingredients for developing new value‐added products based on their nutritional, physicochemical and functional characteristics. Moreover, even though flours were obtained from different agronomic‐improved NOA bean cultivars, their physicochemical and functional properties were similar, making them potentially food ingredients with functionality.

Significance and Novelty

All information regarding the analyzed properties in this study shows the nutritional and techno‐functional advantages to popularize the use of bean flours in new food products.
Reconstruction of lingual sulcus in a severely atrophic mandible using a modified approach as a pre‐prosthetic surgery: Case series
Authors: Mohseni Salehi Monfared Seyed Hossein , Shirani Gholamreza , Moslemi Neda , Noori Faranak , Raee Amir
Published: February 2022

Shallow lingual vestibule and lack of keratinized attached mucosa are considered risk factors for the long‐term success of dental implants. This article describes a modified surgical approach accompanied by a free gingival graft to correct the shallow lingual/buccal vestibule and to increase the keratinized tissue around dental implants.
Tandem Fe/Zn or Fe/In Catalysis for the Selective Synthesis of Primary and Secondary Amines via Selective Reduction of Primary Amides
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Darcel Christophe
Published: February 2022

Tandem iron/zinc or iron/indium‐catalysed reductions of various primary amides to amines under hydrosilylation conditions are reported under visible light activation. By a simple modification of the nature of the co‐catalyst (Zn(OTf)2 vs In(OTf)3), Fe(CO)4(IMes) can promote the highly chemoselective reduction of primary amides into primary amines (21 examples, up to 93 % isolated yields) and secondary amines (8 examples, up to 51 % isolated yields), respectively. Notably, both benzamide and alkanamide derivatives can be reduced.
Structure Engineering of BiSbSx Nanocrystals Embedded within Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Fibers for High Performance of Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xinye , Liu Yanru , Lin Chuyuan , Wang Yiyi , Lei Zewei , Xiong Peixun , Luo Yongjin , Chen Qinghua , Zeng Lingxing , Wei Mingdeng , Qian Qingrong
Published: February 2022

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are regarded as promising candidates in next‐generation energy storage technology; however, the electrode materials in PIBs are usually restricted by the shortcomings of large volume expansion and poor cycling stability stemming from a high resistance towards diffusion and insertion of large‐sized K ions. In this study, BiSbSx nanocrystals are rationally integrated with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) fibres through electrospinning technology with an annealing process. Such a unique structure, in which BiSbSx nanocrystals are embedded inside the SPAN fibre, affords multiple binding sites and a short diffusion length for K+ to realize fast kinetics. In addition, the molecular structure of SPAN features robust chemical interactions for stationary diffluent discharge products. Thus, the electrode demonstrates a superior potassium storage performance with an excellent reversible capacity of 790 mAh g−1 (at 0.1 A g−1 after 50 cycles) and 472 mAh g−1 (at 1 A g−1 after 2000 cycles). It's one of the best performances for metal dichalcogenides anodes for PIBs to date. The unusual performance of the BiSbSx@SPAN composite is attributed to the synergistic effects of the judicious nanostructure engineering of BiSbSx nanocrystals as well as the chemical interaction and confinement of SPAN fibers.
Validation of NRG Oncology's prognostic nomograms for oropharyngeal cancer in the Veterans Affairs database
Authors: Nelson Tyler J. , Thompson Caroline A. , Zou Jingjing , Kumar Abhishek , Sangchan Prangrawee , Williamson Casey W. , Vitzthum Lucas K. , Sharabi Andrew B. , Murphy James D. , Fakhry Carole A. , Mell Loren K.
Published: February 2022

Background

To test whether nomograms developed by NRG Oncology for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients could be validated in an independent population‐based sample.

Methods

The authors tested nomograms for estimating progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients from the Veterans Health Administration with previously untreated locoregionally advanced OPSCC, diagnosed between 2008 and 2017, managed with definitive radiotherapy with or without adjuvant systemic therapy. Covariates were age, performance status, p16 status, T/N category, smoking history, education history, weight loss, marital status, and anemia. We used multiple imputation to handle missing data and performed sensitivity analyses on complete cases. Validation was assessed via Cox proportional hazards models, log‐rank tests, and c‐indexes.

Results

A total of 4007 patients met inclusion criteria (658 patients had complete data). Median follow‐up time was 3.20 years, with 967 progression events and 471 noncancer deaths. Each risk score was associated with poorer outcomes per unit increase (PFS score, hazard ratio [HR], 1.42 [1.37‐1.47]; OS score, HR, 1.40 [1.34‐1.45]). By risk score quartile, 2‐year PFS estimates were 89.2%, 78.5%, 65.8%, and 48.3%; OS estimates were 92.6%, 83.6%, 73.9%, and 51.3%, respectively (P < .01 for all comparisons). C‐indices for models of PFS and OS were 0.65 and 0.67, for all patients, respectively (0.69 and 0.73 for complete cases). The nomograms slightly overestimated PFS and OS in the overall cohort but exhibited high agreement in complete cases.

Conclusions

NRG nomograms were effective for predicting PFS and OS for patients with OPSCC, supporting their broader applicability in the OPSCC population undergoing definitive radiotherapy.
Singlet Oxygen Generation in Peripherally Modified Platinum and Palladium Porphyrins: Effect of Triplet Excited State Lifetimes andmeso‐Substituents on1O2Quantum Yields
Authors: Subedi Dili R. , Reid Ryan , D'Souza Patrick F. , Nesterov Vladimir N. , D'Souza Francis
Published: February 2022

A series ofmeso‐substituted with aromatic (=tolyl, pyrenyl, fluorenyl, naphthyl, and triphenylamine) substituents, platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd) porphyrins have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies to probe structure‐reactivity aspects on the electrochemical redox potentials, and phosphorescence quantum yields and lifetimes. In the X‐ray structures, the aromaticmeso‐substituents were rotated to some extent from the planarity of the porphyrin ring to minimize steric hindrance. Both Pt and Pd porphyrins revealed higher electrochemical redox gaps as compared to their free‐base porphyrin analogs as a result of the harder oxidation and reduction processes. The ability of both Pt and Pd porphyrins to generate singlet oxygen was probed by monitoring the photoluminescence of1O2at 1270 nm. Higher quantum yields for both triplet sensitizers compared to their free‐base analogs were witnessed. Singlet oxygen quantum yields close to unity were possible to achieve in the case of Pt and Pd porphyrins bearing triphenylamine substituents at themeso‐position. The present study brings out the importance of differentmeso‐substituents on the triplet porphyrin sensitizers in governing singlet oxygen quantum yields; a key property of photosensitizers needed for photodynamic therapy, chemical synthesis, and other pertinent applications.
CREST, a Cas13‐Based, Rugged, Equitable, Scalable Testing (CREST) for SARS‐CoV‐2 Detection in Patient Samples
Authors: Aralis Zach , Rauch Jennifer N. , Audouard Morgane , Valois Eric , Lach Ryan S. , Solley Sabrina , Baxter Naomi J. , Kosik Kenneth S. , Wilson Maxwell Z. , Acosta‐Alvear Diego , Arias Carolina
Published: February 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has taken a devastating human toll worldwide. The development of impactful guidelines and measures for controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic requires continuous and widespread testing of suspected cases and their contacts through accurate, accessible, and reliable methods for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. Here we describe a CRISPR‐Cas13‐based method for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2. The assay is called CREST (Cas13‐based, rugged, equitable, scalable testing), and is specific, sensitive, and highly accessible. As such, CREST may provide a low‐cost and dependable alternative for SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Cas13‐ased detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 genetic material using a real‐time PCR detection system

Alternate Protocol: Cas13‐based detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 genetic material using a fluorescence viewer

Support Protocol 1: LwaCas13a purification

Support Protocol 2: In vitro transcription of synthetic targets
Caribbean orality as a method for teacher involvement in curriculum making in Jamaica
Authors: Roofe Carmel
Published: February 2022

Amidst views by teachers that they are not involved in decisions about curriculum making, Caribbean orality provides a way of knowing and transmitting knowledge reflective of the dynamics of the local context and the meanings people make of the spoken word. Caribbean orality provides the opportunity to understand how teachers make sense of deliberations during periods of curriculum making through the language they utter. Additionally, it provides the means for understanding how teachers interpret actions based on the spoken word in order to be involved (gain a seat at the table or gain access). This paper presents arguments that explore Caribbean orality as a method for improving teacher involvement in curriculum making in Jamaica. Using data collected from a study of eight teachers to advance arguments, the author proposes a framework for effective teacher involvement in curriculum making in Jamaica. The proposed framework is hinged on identifying and harnessing the situational expertise of teachers, understanding and valuing situational orality within schools, and stakeholders in the curriculum making process utilizing Caribbean orality as a method for reflection.
Automated semantic relevance as an indicator of cognitive decline: Out‐of‐sample validation on a large‐scale longitudinal dataset
Authors: Stegmann Gabriela , Hahn Shira , Bhandari Samarth , Kawabata Kan , Shefner Jeremy , Duncan Cayla Jessica , Liss Julie , Berisha Visar , Mueller Kimberly
Published: February 2022

We developed and evaluated an automatically extracted measure of cognition (semantic relevance) using automated and manual transcripts of audio recordings from healthy and cognitively impaired participants describing the Cookie Theft picture from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. We describe the rationale and metric validation. We developed the measure on one dataset and evaluated it on a large database (>2000 samples) by comparing accuracy against a manually calculated metric and evaluating its clinical relevance. The fully automated measure was accurate (r = .84), had moderate to good reliability (intra‐class correlation = .73), correlated with Mini‐Mental State Examination and improved the fit in the context of other automatic language features (r = .65), and longitudinally declined with age and level of cognitive impairment. This study demonstrates the use of a rigorous analytical and clinical framework for validating automatic measures of speech, and applied it to a measure that is accurate and clinically relevant.
Genetic individual identification from dried urine spots: A complementary tool to drug monitoring and anti‐doping testing
Authors: Grignani Pierangela , Manfredi Alessandro , Monti Maria Cristina , Moretti Matteo , Morini Luca , Visonà Silvia Damiana , Fattorini Paolo , Previderè Carlo
Published: February 2022

The collection of liquid biological matrices onto paper cards (dried matrix spots [DMS]) is becoming an alternative sampling strategy. The stability over time of molecules of interest for therapeutic, sport drug monitoring, and forensic toxicology on DMS has been recently investigated representing a reliable alternative to conventional analytical techniques. When a tampering of a urine sample in drug monitoring or doping control cases is suspected, it could be relevant to know whether genetic profiles useful for individual identification could be generated from urine samples spotted onto paper (dried urine spot [DUS]). To understand the influence of sex, storage conditions, and time on the quality and quantity of the DNA, five female and ten male urine samples were dispensed onto Whatman 903 paper and sampled after different storage conditions over time, from 1 to 12 weeks. Direct PCR was performed starting from 2‐mm punches collected from each spot amplifying a panel of markers useful for individual identification. The female DUS stored in different conditions produced genetic profiles fully matching the reference samples. The same result was obtained for the male DUS but using urine 30X concentrated by centrifugation instead of the original samples. Our data show that this approach is valid for genetic individual identification of urine samples spotted onto paper cards up to 12 weeks after deposition and could be easily incorporated in anti‐doping or drug screening protocols to help on the suspicion of evidence tampering or to solve questions on the reliability of samples collection.
Interspecific trait variability and local soil conditions modulate grassland model community responses to climate
Authors: Alongi Franklin , Rüthers Jana H. , Giejsztowt Justyna , LaPaglia Katrina , Jentsch Anke
Published: February 2022

Medium‐to‐high elevation grasslands provide critical services in agriculture and ecosystem stabilization, through high biodiversity and providing food for wildlife. However, these ecosystems face elevated risks of disruption due to predicted soil and climate changes. Separating the effects of soil and climate, however, is difficult in situ, with previous experiments focusing largely on monocultures instead of natural grassland communities. We experimentally exposed model grassland communities, comprised of three species grown on either local or reference soil, to varied climatic environments along an elevational gradient in the European Alps, measuring the effects on species and community traits. Although species‐specific biomass varied across soil and climate, species' proportional contributions to community‐level biomass production remained consistent. Where species experienced low survivorship, species‐level biomass production was maintained through increased productivity of surviving individuals; however, maximum species‐level biomass was obtained under high survivorship. Species responded directionally to climatic variation, spatially separating differentially by plant traits (including height, reproduction, biomass, survival, leaf dry weight, and leaf area) consistently across all climates. Local soil variation drove stochastic trait responses across all species, with high levels of interactions occurring between site and species. This soil variability obscured climate‐driven responses: we recorded no directional trait responses for soil‐corrected traits like observed for climate‐corrected traits. Our species‐based approach contributes to our understanding of grassland community stabilization and suggests that these communities show some stability under climatic variation.
Development of receptor cell model with oscillation frequency‐dependent on sensor input intensity
Authors: Morishita Katsuyuki , Kato Shinya , Takei Yuki , Saito Ken
Published: February 2022

This paper developed a receptor cell model that mimics the receptor cells’ function of living organisms. The receptor cell model converts the signal input of the sensor into an oscillating pulse waveform. The oscillation frequency of the receptor cell model varies according to the sensory input intensity. First, the authors construct the receptor cell model by discrete circuit. The circuit was described using circuit simulation and compared with the experimental result. Also, we measure the frequency characteristics utilizing a pressure sensor and an optical sensor. The result shows that the receptor cell model could vary from 300 to 600 Hz according to the sensory input intensity. Second, the authors propose the receptor cell model by the integrated circuit. Experimental results showed that the receptor cell model's oscillation frequency changed from 370 to 890 Hz. As a result, the proposal receptor cell model could output the oscillating pulse waveform dependent on sensor input intensity.
Insulin resistance parameters in children born very preterm and adequate for gestational age
Authors: García Hernán , Loureiro Carolina , Poggi Helena , D'Apremont Ivonne , Moore Rosario , Ossa José Tomás , Bruera María José , Peredo Soledad , Carvajal Jacqueline , Trincado Claudia , Martínez‐Aguayo Alejandro
Published: February 2022

Background

Preterm neonates are at risk for metabolic syndrome later in life. Whether prematurity constitutes an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome remains controversial.

Objective

To compare anthropometric measures, cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin resistance variables between children who were born very preterm (VPT, <32 gestational weeks) and at term (Term, >37 gestational weeks) and adequate for gestational age (AGA).

Methods

We designed a cross‐sectional cohort study, recruiting 120 children (5.0–8.5 years old) from the preterm clinic at Red de Salud UC‐Christus and Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, and term children from the community. We excluded children born small for gestational age, based on INTERGROWTH21. Anthropometrics data were classified using WHO reference standards. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), triglyceride‐to‐HDL‐C ratio (TG/HDL‐C) and Pediatric Score Index for Metabolic Syndrome (PsiMS) were calculated.

Results

VPT children born AGA had lower HDL cholesterol levels (p = .019) and a higher PsiMS score than those born at term (p = .043). We observed a higher percentage of children with HDL cholesterol ≤40 mg/dl (13.0% vs. 2.3%, p = .026) and BP ≥90th percentile among the VPT children than among the Term children (26.0% vs. 11.6%, p = .031).

Conclusions

At school age, blood pressure was higher, and HDL‐C was lower among VPT children born AGA, suggesting a potential metabolic risk; therefore, it is essential to follow this group throughout their lives.
Generation and evaluation of input values for computational analysis of transport processes within tissue cultures
Authors: Fattahi Ehsan , Taheri Shahed , Schilling Arndt F. , Becker Thomas , Pörtner Ralf
Published: February 2022

Techniques for tissue culture have seen significant advances during the last decades and novel 3D cell culture systems have become available. To control their high complexity, experimental techniques and their Digital Twins (modelling and computational tools) are combined to link different variables to process conditions and critical process parameters. This allows a rapid evaluation of the expected product quality. However, the use of mathematical simulation and Digital Twins is critically dependent on the precise description of the problem and correct input parameters. Errors here can lead to dramatically wrong conclusions. The intention of this review is to provide an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art and remaining challenges with respect to generating input values for computational analysis of mass and momentum transport processes within tissue cultures. It gives an overview on relevant aspects of transport processes in tissue cultures as well as modelling and computational tools to tackle these problems. Further focus is on techniques used for the determination of cell‐specific parameters and characterization of culture systems, including sensors for on‐line determination of relevant parameters. In conclusion, tissue culture techniques are well‐established, and modelling tools are technically mature. New sensor technologies are on the way, especially for organ chips. The greatest remaining challenge seems to be the proper addressing and handling of input parameters required for mathematical models. Following Good Modelling Practice approaches when setting up and validating computational models is, therefore, essential to get to better estimations of the interesting complex processes inside organotypic tissue cultures in the future.
Block copolymer binders with hard and soft segments for scalable fabrication of sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries
Authors: Lee Jieun , Choi Jang Wook
Published: February 2022

Sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted much attention owing to their superior safety and potentially high‐energy density. Nevertheless, sulfide‐based ASSBs suffer from limited performance in terms of their cycle life and rate capability, which is closely related to interfacial degradation during cycling. Another weakness is the absence of manufacturing protocols. Having noted that the binder can play a pivotal role in both the cell performance and scale‐up, here, we report poly(1,2‐butadiene)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PBD‐b‐PMMA) block copolymers as the binders. At the optimal ratio, the soft PBD segments and hard PMMA segments work synergistically to strengthen adhesion among particles in the electrode and introduce elasticity in the binder network, enabling the key battery performance indicators to be improved markedly. The systematic study also reveals the importance of the microscopic distributions of these two segments. This study signifies the appropriate combination of adhesion and elasticity in designing binders for sulfide‐based ASSBs.