bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensors with Constant Components in the Constitutive Equations of a Hemitropic Micropolar Solids
Authors: Radayev Yu. N.
Published: April 2024

The present paper is devoted to elastic potentials and the constitutive equations of mechanics of anisotropic micropolar solids, the kinematics of which can be specified by two independent vector fields: a contravariant field of translational displacements and a contravariant pseudovector field of microrotations of weight +1. The quadratic stress potential is represented by three constitutive tensors of the fourth rank, two of which are pseudotensor in nature and can be assigned weights –2 and –1. Such a solid is completely specified by the 171st micropolar elastic modulus. The main attention is focused on the model of a hemitropic (half-isotropic, demitropic) micropolar elastic solid characterized by nine constitutive constants. The components of the constitutive pseudo-tensor of weight ‒1 turn out to be sensitive to mirror reflection transformations in three-dimensional space. A peculiar algebraic structure of the constitutive tensors of a hemitropic solid, more precisely, their absolute analogues obtained by multiplying by integer powers of a pseudoscalar unity, is studied. It is shown that these tensors can always be constructed from isomers (isomer) of a tensor with constant components (generally insensitive to any transformations of the coordinate system) and one additional fourth-rank tensor constructed, in turn, from the components of the metric tensor.
Typomorphism of Autigenic Gold in Riphean Sandstones of the Kyvvozhskoye Goldfield (Volsko-Vymskaya Ridge, Middle Timan)
Authors: Sokerin M. Yu. , Glukhov Yu. V. , Makeev B. A. , Parkhacheva K. G. , Saldin V. A. , Simakova Yu. S. , Sokerina N. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of a comprehensive study of the morphology, composition and the internal structure of fine autigenic gold, first discovered in bedrock on the area of the Kyvvozhskoye goldfield, are presented. It has complex specific rounded-lumpy, lumpy-branched aggregate forms and a smooth growth surface without traces of mechanical wearing. X-ray studies (Debye-Scherrer method) show that reflexes in the form of dashed rings are characteristic of debyeograms of this native gold, which, according to the authors, indicates the absence of exogenous deformations of it. The internal structure of all the studied gold pieces is characterized by a relatively homogeneous inner area and a thin (~1 µm) contrasting enriched with silver low-grade rim. All the particles of the studied native gold have approximately the same average fineness (899–918‰). As a mechanism for the formation of the found autigenic gold, its crystallization is assumed by filling of the free pore space of the host sandstones. Its presence in Riphean rocks is considered as an indicator of the primary dispersion halos and is a direct search sign of the development of potentially productive gold mineralization in this part of the Middle Timan.
Hasanovite KNa(MoO2)(SO4)2, a New Mineral from Natural Underground Coal Fires at the Fan-Yagnob Coal Deposit, Tajikistan
Authors: Mirakov М. А. , Pautov L. А. , Siidra О. I. , Makhmadsharif S. , Karpenko V. Yu. , Plechov P. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The new mineral hasanovite KNa(MoO2)(SO4)2 was discovered in sublimates of a natural underground coal fire at the Fan-Yagnob coal deposit in the upper reaches of the Kuhi-Malik ravine in the Aini district, Central Tajikistan. The mineral is named in honor of the petrographer Abdurahim Hasanovich Hasanov (born 1933). Hasanovite occurs as small (50–200 µm) grains on a burnt siltstone in association with anhydrite, baryte, anglesite, molybdite, native tellurium, and understudied Sb-K, K-Mg, Tl-V, and Sn sulfates. The mineral is transparent, colourless with a vitreous luster and white streak. It is brittle, with no cleavage. VHN 103 (range from 84 to 113). The Mohs’ hardness is 3. Dmeas = 2.93(2) and Dcalc = 2.94 g/cm3. Hasanovite is colourless in transmitted light, pleochroism is not observed; it is optically biaxial (+), 2V = 50(3)°, α = 1.584(2), β(calc.) = 1.590(3), γ = 1.620(2) (590 nm). Strong lines in the Raman spectrum are as follows: 1034, 958, 916, 648, 469, 390, 273 and 232 cm–1. Hasanovite is insoluble in water and ethanol but soluble in HCl. The chemical composition studied by electron microprobe (wt %) is: Na2O 4.54, K2O 13.81, Tl2O 1.80, MoO3 38.75, SO3 40.10, total 99.00. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of O = 10 atoms per formula unit, is K1.16Na0.58Tl0.03Mo1.06S1.98O10. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d, Å(I, %)(hkl)]: 7.30(36)(110); 6.57(48)(011); 4.34(75)(\(\overline 1 \)21); 3.64(100)(211); 3.44(58)(031); 3.34(74)(\(\overline 2 \)02, 022); 3.20(63)(\(\overline 2 \)12); 2.879(73)(\(\overline 2 \)31); 2.729(50)(140); 2.436(44)(\(\overline 1 \)23). Hasanovite is monoclinic, space group is P21/c, a =9.6225(2), b = 11.4049(3), c = 8.1421(2) Å, β = 99.1790(10)°, V = 882.10(4) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure (R1 = 2.7%) is close to the structure of synthetic K2(MoO2)(SO4)2. The holotype specimen of hasanovite is deposited in the collection of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of RAS (Moscow), registration number 5568/1.
Basalt Alteration in High-Temperature Oxidizing-Type Fumaroles at the Tolbachik Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). Part 1. Processes and Products of Olivine Alteration
Authors: Bulakh M. O. , Pekov I. V. , Koshlyakova N. N. , Nazarova M. A.
Published: April 2024

This paper is devoted to the olivine pseudomorphization processes occurring in basalt under the action of high-temperature O2-rich gas in oxidizing-type fumaroles at the Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). The alteration of olivine with composition Fo72–90 in a terraneous oxidizing-type exhalation system involves two independent processes: (1) oxidative breakdown (above 600 °C) with the formation of forsterite Fo90–100 together with hematite, magnesioferrite, and, presumably, “magnesian laihunite”; (2) replacement by mineral aggregates in which pyroxenes [enstatite, clinoenstatite, diopside, aegirine-augite (Ca0.5Na0.5)(Mg0.5Fe0.5)Si2O6], low-alumina fluoromagnesian micas (yangzhumingite and fluorotetraferriphlogopite), chondrodite or cristobalite are the main components accompanied by hematite, sometimes with magnesioferrite or tenorite. In the active Arsenatnaya fumarole, the change of the main Si minerals in pseudomorphs with the gas temperature decrease occurs in a sequence that generally reflects an increase in the degree of condensation of tetrahedral Si-O motifs: olivine (forsterite) → orthopyroxene (enstatite) → clinopyroxenes → micas → cristobalite.
Neotocite from Manganese Ores of the Ushkatyn-III Deposit, Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Brusnitsyn A. I. , Egorov G. S.
Published: April 2024

Neotocite, an X-ray amorphous hydrous manganese silicate is the mineral characteristic for low-grade metamorphosed sedimentary manganese ores of Ushkatyn-III deposit in Central Kazakhstan. It occurs both in the groundmass of ores, with hausmannite, tephroite, caryopilite, friedelite, pennantite, rhodochrosite, kutnogorite, and in veinlets crossing these ores. In veinlets, segregations of homogeneous neotocite reach several cubic centimeters. The study of such large segregations allows to characterize optical, mechanical and thermal properties, IR spectra, and chemical composition of neotocite using modern analytical methods. It is assumed that manganese in neotocite is mainly (or even completely) divalent. The stoichiometry of the mineral, taking into account chemical, thermal analyzes and IR spectroscopy data, corresponds to the ideal formula Mn7(Si8O20)(OH)6∙nH2O. This formula reflects correctly the ratio of silicon and manganese in the mineral, its layered crystal structure and at least two different forms of H-bearing: in (OH)-groups and H2O molecules. The above given formula of neotocite could be accepted as the idealized one. Neotocite was formed at low temperatures and in reducing conditions during the sedimentary burial of metal-bearing deposits containing a Mn–Si–H2O substance (gel?), or later – due to hydrothermal alteration of already formed manganese ores.
Minerals Named in Honor of Alumni and Staff Members of the Saint Petersburg State University (to the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg State University)
Authors: Smolensky V. V. , Krivovichev V. G.
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Saint Petersburg State University. History of the University is closely connected with the names of scientists who have made a huge contribution to the development of mineralogy, adjacent sciences and education. The names of 70 alumni and staff members of the University have forever entered the history of mineralogy. 85 mineral species are named in their honor. The article summarizes the scientific interests and achievements of professors and scientists, after whom the minerals were named.
Transformation of River Channels in the Process of their Self-Development and Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Changes in the Factors of Channel Processes
Authors: Chalov R. S. , Kurakova A. A. , Golubtsov G. B. , Zavadskij A. S.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—In article analyze the main ways of river channels transformation, their morphodynamic type, its complication or transition from one structural level of channel processes to a higher one, in the course of self-development of channel forms. On meandering rivers meanders in the process of development turn into large meanders with rectilinear “inserts” between adjacent forms, into loop-like meanders, which are a combination of the original in the near-top part and segmental ones on their wings. Other way – into chest meanders when the river approaches the bedrock bank (forced bend), elongation of the lower wing along it and the formation of an adapted bend when the channel deviates towards the floodplain. On rectilinear “inserts” between adjacent large bends and on their upper wings, single branches are formed. In the near-apex parts of steep bends with a violation of the condition of flow around the banks (r 2.5br), islands form in local channel extensions due to erosion of the convex bank or due to the rejection of part of the bend spur. For branched channels, under certain conditions, transformation in the process of self-development of single and conjugated branches into unilateral or alternating and intra-valley restructuring of the channel network due to erosion of floodplain isthmuses between branches and floodplain channels is characteristic. These reshaping, leading to the morphodynamic transformation of the channels, are superimposed by natural and anthropogenic changes in water content and sediment runoff and technogenic impacts on the channels, during which the channels are fixed and stabilized in an optimal position for the economic development of rivers. Accounting for the self-development of river channels is necessary in the operation of rivers and the use of water resources, in paleoconditional and paleohydrological analysis, and also in the development of forecasts for channel reformations.
Morphodynamic of the Kosa River Channel as a Reflection of the Direction of the Channel Processes in the Development Valleys of Glaciolacustrine Terraces (Upper Kama Basin)
Authors: Nazarov N. N. , Petrova V. I. , Frolova I. V.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—The article is devoted to identification of peculiarities of development of channel processes in river valleys with distribution of glaciolacustrine terraces. Kosa river was chosen as the largest right tributary of the upper Kama. The resources of GoogleEarthPro and Yandex Maps were used in the process of interpretation of space images and obtaining quantitative information. The morphodynamic types of a river channel was made on the basis of the analysis of elements of floodplain-channel landscape complexes. The indicator of the ratio of the width of the floodplain to the width of the valley was considered as a feature of the development of channel processes in the areas of the distribution of the glaciolacustrine terrace. This ratio is 1 : 1 at the upper Kosa river outside the Kosinskaya Lowland. It is 1 : 9 at the middle Kosa river, and 1 : 3 at the Kosa downstream. The location of the meander belt in the left of the valley side is a feature of the development of channel processes. This indicates the presence of a stable and long-term planform channel changes from the east to the west in the past. The leading morphodynamic channel types are free meanders and confined straight channel for the Kosa upper stream. In the Kosa middle stream, in which most of the valley is represented by a glaciolacustrine terrace, confined bends already play a significant role in the structure of morphodynamic types of a river channel, while maintaining the leading role of free meanders. At the same time, a high proportion of the distribution of the straight confined channel is observed.
Karst of Sterlitamak (BASHKIR) Shikhans and Their Surroundings in Southern Pre-Ural Area
Authors: Smirnov A. I.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—Shikhans, or lone mountains, is the local name for island mountains in the flat foothills of the Southern Urals. The shikhans are denudation remnants, sometimes with preserved residuals of Miocene-Pliocene planation surface on their tops, which allows estimating the total time of development of karst processes at least 5 million years. Despite more than 200 years of research on the shikhans, karst and its manifestations have received little attention to date. A map of karst in the shikhan territory was drawn up according to the standard methodology of karstological survey. Widespread and quite rare forms of carbonate karst of the shikhans and sulphate karst of their close vicinities were characterised. It was established that along with widespread and known in temperate latitudes karstic features, very rare corrosion wells are developed in the gypsum of the Kungurian Stage in the study area, forming karst fields with the highest density of karst forms known in the East European Plain. Gypsum caves at various stages of formation, as well as semi-blind karst-erosion gullies not typical for the lowland sulphate karst of the region were recorded. For the carbonate karst of the Shikhans in the limestones of the Sakmarian Stage, the highest location of karst caves in the foothills of the Southern Urals and the oldest (earky Middle Pleistocene) age of their foundation were established. The main peculiarity of distribution of both surface and underground karst-holes is a clearly expressed dependence of forms and frequency of their occurrence on the course of formation of relief elements in the Neogene-Quaternary time. The presence in a small area of two types of karst by composition of karst rocks with very rare karst forms predetermines the high scientific, practical and educational significance of the shikhans and their surroundings.
Tangential Shear Stress in Oscillatory Flow of a Viscoelastic Incompressible Fluid in a Plane Channel
Authors: Navruzov K. , Sharipova Sh. B.
Published: April 2024

The problems of oscillatory flow of a viscoelastic incompressible fluid in a plane channel are solved for a given harmonic oscillation of the fluid flow rate. The transfer function (amplitude–phase frequency response) is determined. Using this function, the effect of the acceleration oscillation frequency and the relaxation properties of fluid on the ratio of the tangential shear stress on channel wall to the velocity averaged over the channel cross-section (cross-sectional velocity) is determined. It is shown that the viscoelastic properties of fluid, as well as its acceleration, are the limiting factors for using the quasi-stationary approach. The found formulas for determining the transfer function for viscoelastic fluid flow in the case of non-stationary stream make it possible to determine the dissipations of mechanical energy in a non-stationary flow of the medium which are of importance for calculation of the control of hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Calculations of Compression of a Spherical Layered System by Shock Waves Taking into Account the Transfer of Thermal Radiation in the Kinetic Model
Authors: Grabovenskaya S. A. , Zav’yalov V. V. , Shestakov A. A.
Published: April 2024

At present, numerical simulation is the main, and often the only, tool for detailed description of some physical phenomena in the study of the processes of material compression by shock waves. The study of the behavior of shock and rarefaction waves on the simplest model tests helps in the analysis of more complex calculations, for example, problems of inertial thermonuclear fusion on laser facilities. The paper considers comparative calculations of a test problem that simulates compression of a spherical layered system consisting of two substances by shock waves.
On the Theory of Magneto-Induced Circulations in Trombosed Channels
Authors: Musikhin A. Yu. , Zubarev A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The mathematical model and the method of its approximate analysis dealing with flows induced by a traveling magnetic field in a channel occupied by non-magnetic fluid with an embedded ferrofluid drop are proposed. One of the ends of the channel is assumed to be closed (thrombotic). The aim of the study is to develop the scientific basis for magnetically induced intensification of drug transport through thrombosed blood vessels.
Resonance Impact of a Periodic Sequence of Plasma Actuators in Flow Control in a Swept-Wing Boundary Layer
Authors: Manuilovich S. V.
Published: April 2024

The process of flow control in the swept-wing boundary layer using a number of plasma actuators mounted at an angle to the leading edge is theoretically studied. The resonance response of the controlled flow is investigated when the angle of inclination of the actuators is close to the angle of inclination of the stationary vortices of cross-flow instability. The calculation of the controlled flow is carried out within the framework of the parabolic system of Navier–Stokes equations. The stability characteristics of periodic flows formed by the action of a control bulk force are calculated.
Wall Pressure Fluctuations on the Surface of a Fairing in the Shape of a Semi-Ellipsoid and in its Vicinity
Authors: Golubev A. Yu. , Kuznetsov S. V.
Published: April 2024

The wall pressure fluctuation fields on fairing surfaces and in the surrounding turbulent boundary layer are experimentally investigated. The fairings were in the shape of semi-ellipsoids and were mounted on the wall of a subsonic low-noise wind tunnel. Their heights amounted to 25% of the oncoming boundary layer thickness. The main physical features of the flows under consideration are determined by means of the surface oil-flow visualization. The fluctuating wall pressure field is compared with the flow pattern. It is shown that the greatest pressure fluctuation levels are recorded in the nose region of the fairing surface. It is established that lengthening the model leads to a considerable reduction of the pressure fluctuation strength in the region of flow separation from the fairing surface.
Modeling of Main Parameters for Near Wake from Pair of Side-by-Side not too Close Cylinders
Authors: Gembarzhevskii G. V. , Osipenko K. Yu.
Published: April 2024

A one-dimensional model of the near wake produced by a pair of not-too-close cylinders in a viscous incompressible fluid is developed on the basis of the Stuart–Landau model and perturbation theory. The whole wake is considered as two interacting partial von Kàrmàn vortex streets or two coupled Stuart–Landau oscillators, when the nonlinear nature of the interaction of these streets is taken into account. The observable spectrum of the global modes of the wake is obtained, the calculated and experimental eigenfrequencies of the oscillation modes being in agreement with respect to the modes.
On the Influence of Wavelengths of Different Ranges of Photosynthetically Active Radiation on the Carbon Isotope Composition of Plant Biomass and Its Fractions (Using as the Example Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) of the Aficion Variety)
Authors: Ivlev A. A. , Tovstyko D. A. , Lomakin M. P. , Shmakov A. S. , Sleptsov N. N. , Litvinsky V. A. , Prjevalsky N. M. , Tarakanov I. G.
Published: April 2024

The influence of incident wavelengths of four ranges: short-wave red (623–641 nm), long-wave red (646–667 nm), far red (727–751 nm) and blue (452–477 nm) on the carbon isotopic composition of lettuce biomass (Lactica sativa L.) of the Aficion variety was studied. Lettuce was grown in climatic chambers, lighting was provided by irradiators based on narrow-band LEDs. Monochromatic blue and red light have the strongest multidirectional influence. Radiation from the blue range shifts the carbon isotopic composition of lettuce biomass towards enrichment in 12C. Radiation from the red range shifts the carbon isotopic composition of lettuce biomass towards enrichment in 13C. Based on the previously developed model of carbon isotope fractionation in a photosynthesizing cell, carbon isotopic shifts of plant leaf biomass were analyzed. It is shown that in the dark period the biomass is enriched in 12C. This is a consequence of dark respiration, during which the plant loses CO2 enriched in 13C. It is shown that the reason for the observed isotopic differences between the water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions of the leaf biomass is a result of the different participation of the assimilatory carbon flux, enriched in 12C, and the photorespiratory carbon flux, enriched in 13C, in the formation of these fractions during photosynthesis.
Growth of Epilithic Lichen under the Conditions of South Karelia
Authors: Kurbatov A. A. , Sonina A. V.
Published: April 2024

On the territory of the Kivach State Nature Reserve (North-West Russia, the Republic of Karelia) in the supralittoral conditions of the Suna River coast, the growth characteristics of 3 epilithic lichen species – Bellemerea alpina, Lecidea lapicida, Protoparmeliopsis muralis – were studied. Data were analyzed over an 11‑year follow-up period. For each studied thallus, a growth model was created using regression analysis, which reflects the dependence of the area of the thallus on the year of measurement and makes it possible to estimate the age of the thalli. Data were obtained on the size (cm2), growth rate (cm2/year), and age (years) of thalli. For these signs, the confidence interval of the means and the confidence interval of possible values were estimated at a probability of P = 95%.
The Use of the Microstructure of Coverling Feathers in the Systematics of Ground Jays (Aves, Corvidae: Podoces, Eupodoces)
Authors: Chernova O. F. , Ilyashenko V. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Using scanning electron microscopy, new data on the microstructure of the definitive coverling feathers of all four species of ground jays Podoces pleskei, P. panderi, Eupodoces hendersoni and E. biddulphi and eight other species of Corvidae were obtained: Ptilostomus afer, Garrulus glandarius, Perisoreus infaustus, Corvus cornix, Cyanopica cyana, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pica pica and Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. Comparative morphological analysis involving previously published data on the microstructure of the pen-feathers of these species, as well as Corvus monedula, C. frugilegus, C. corax, revealed a number of feather microstructures specific to ground jay species, as well as differences between Podoces and Eupodoces, which confirms their genus status, possible relationship with G. glandarius and Pt. afer, as well as the preservation of ancestral features in P. pleskei.
Karyological Study of the Isolated Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Population of the Shirinskaya Steppe of the Republic Of Khakasia
Authors: Sedel’nikova T. S. , Pimenov A. V. , Efremov S. P.
Published: April 2024

The results of a karyological study of a peripheral isolated population of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in the Shirinskaya steppe of Khakassia are presented. In the seed progeny of trees, disturbances of the number of chromosomes (myxoploidy) and a wide range of chromosomal rearrangements, including unique multiple aberrations, were revealed. For the first time at the population level, the highest occurrence of genomic and chromosomal rearrangements for this species was diagnosed. In fact, all seed progeny of the studied Scots pine population is mutant, which indicates probable adaptive changes in genotypes under isolation.
Circadian Activity in Yellow Ground Squirrels Spermophilus fulvus Licht. (Sciuridae): the Pilot Instrumental Study
Authors: Vasilieva N. A. , Lupyrev A. A. , Vasiliev N. S.
Published: April 2024

Animal circadian activity was mostly studied in captivity with artificial environment. We performed pioneer study of daily activity using telemetry for yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus), burrowing hibernating rodents. Eight individuals were fitted with glued-on radio transmitters contained accelerometers and light sensors in the wild colony in 2021. Our data showed that S. fulvus was strictly diurnal and active aboveground only during daytime. The squirrels ceased locomotor activity and rested when they entered their burrows. As the season progressed, the duration of aboveground activity decreased. In contrast to similar species with peaks of aboveground activity in the morning and in the evening, yellow ground squirrels didn’t break the activity in midday. Probably, prolonged hibernation and, therefore, time deficiency induced S. fulvus to use day hours as effective as possible.
To the Ecology of Species-Double of Common Vole (Microtus arvalis, Pall.) at the Northern Limit of the Range
Authors: Ivanter E. V.
Published: April 2024

Based on long-term expeditionary and stationary studies in the taiga Northwest of Russia, the features of distribution, biotopic distribution, reproduction, population dynamics and other ecological features of the common voles are characterized, including those associated with its habitat at the northern boundaries of the range. It is established that in the past fiftieth anniversary the northern boundary of its distribution first moved to the north and reached 63°40′ s. and then also quickly retreated to the south. The reason for the latter is a sharp reduction in crop areas, primarily cereals, in connection with the reorientation of agriculture to dairy and vegetable. This, as well as the replacement of the common voles by native rodent species (housekeeper, dark and red-breasted voles) caused a sharp decrease in the abundance and narrowing of the species range in the eastern regions of Fennoscandia. In the taiga Northwest of Russia during the snowless period, the common voles live primarily in open habitats, including horticultural plots, and in winter they concentrate in haystacks and in straw stacks, where they live together with other representatives of the Microtus. According to V.V. Gromov [2008] and our observations, the elementary structural unit in the settlements of the common voles, is a family group occupying a limited habitat that has been in operation for a fairly long time. In the diet, the main role is played by the participation of herbaceous plants (72% of the occurrence), the smaller – seeds (25%) and a very rare component – tree bark (3%). Under the conditions of the northern periphery, the range reproduces only during one, rather limited, spring-summer season. The age and sex composition of the population varies by season.
Eastern Fennoscandian Wolf (Canis lupus L.) under the Heavy Hunting Pressure: mtDNA Analysis as a Tool to Assess Hunting Impact on the Population-Genetic Structure
Authors: Tirronen K. F. , Kuznetsova A. S. , Panchenko D. V.
Published: April 2024

One of the most ancient aspects of human impact on the wild animals is hunting. The degree of human impact on one of the Eastern Fennoscandian wolf (Canis lupus L.) population based on the analysis of data on the population dynamics of the predator and its preys, “hunting bag” data, changes in the spatial-temporal structure and genetic characteristics, is shown. In the presented work, a genetic analysis of the control region mtDNA of the wolf of the Republic of Karelia (Russia) and the experimental territory (Kondopozhsky district of Karelia) was performed on a time slice of 10 years. The modern mtDNA haplotypic diversity of Russian Karelian and Finnish wolf population, in comparison with the general diversity characteristic for the species, is poor. In total, only two haplotypes common in Eurasia have been identified here, which is obviously explained by the history of the species – the stages of severe population decline.
Cuticle of Hermetia Illucens Black Lion Pupa as A Biosorbent for Probiotics
Authors: Ushakova N. A. , Sverguzova S. V. , Shaikhiev I. G. , Sapronova Zh. A. , Bastrakov A. I. , Levenko E. A. , Khatsaeva R. M.
Published: April 2024

Using the method of scanning electron microscopy, a comparative study of the particle surface morphology and the elemental composition of the cuticle of Hermetia illucens pupa before and after the application of the culture liquid (CL) of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus B 2707 was carried out. At the same time, under the influence of CL, destruction of relatively large particles of the powder of the chitin-protein complex of the cuticle (average particle diameter D 845.3 ± 109.1 μm) and the formation of small fragments (average D 63.4 ± 13.9 μm), including nanoparticles (average D 54 ± 18 nm). A biofilm of lactobacilli enriched with calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was obtained on a sorbent consisting of microparticles of the cuticle of insect pupae and including nanoparticles, which provided the probiotic preparation with high biological efficiency.
Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics, and Biotechnological Potential of Hydrolitic Haloalkalitolerant Bacteria of Soda Sludge Storage
Authors: Maksimova Yu. G. , Shilova A. V. , Egorova V. V. , Shchetko V. A. , Maksimov A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Peculiarities of manifestation of hydrolytic activity of haloalkalitolerant bacteria Pseudomonas peli 3-T, Microbacterium kitamiense 16-DB, and Bacillus aequororis 5-DB, isolated from the soil of the territory of the soda sludge storage and the soda sludge of the functioning sludge reservoir of Berezniki Soda Plant (Perm Territory, Russia) were studied. It was shown that the maximum activity of extracellular lipases and amylases of the three studied bacteria were manifested at pH 11 and a high concentration of sodium chloride (50–200 g/L). Cultivation of P. peli 3-T on a mineral medium with 0.5% glycerol (source of carbon) and 0.03% urea (source of nitrogen) makes it possible to obtain biomass (6.9 g/L) and activity of extracellular lipase (1.26 U/L) and lipase associated with cells (3.02 U/mg dry cells) with a high economic ratio of substrate consumption (138%). The efficiency of immobilization of P. peli 3-T and B. aequororis 5-DB cells for use in lipid and starch biotransformation was shown. P. peli 3-T cells immobilized by adsorption on kaolin and incorporated into the structure of barium alginate and agarose gels retained from 40.4 to 63.8% of the cell lipase activity in suspension. B. aequororis 5-DB cells immobilized by adsorption on kaolin retained 42.5% of lipase and 90.7% of amylase activity as compared to the initial ones. At the same time, the activities of the P. peli 3-T and B. aequororis 5-DB enzymes were preserved during 6 consecutive reactions. The amylase activity of immobilized M. kitamiense 16-DB cells by adsorption on kaolin and chitosan decreased to 2.7–3.5% of the initial value and was completely inhibited upon immobilization by cell’s entrapment into barium alginate gels or agarose gels.
Genome Analysis of Two Lichen Bacteriobionts, Lichenibacterium ramalinae and Lichenibacterium minor: Factors of Virulence and Adaptation
Authors: Pankratov T. A.
Published: April 2024

Successful invasion and adaptation of bacteria into lichen symbiosis requires the involvement of a number of physiological mechanisms that regulate interactions between bacteriobionts, mycobionts and algobionts and ensure the optimization of thallus growth and development. The genomes of two lichen bacteriobionts Lichenibacterium ramalinae and L. minor were analysed to identify those factors. No nodulation genes traditional for rhizobia were found. TIGR02302 protein has been suggested to have a similar function. Genes encoding proteins associated with the implementation of planktonic and biofilm phenotypes – flagellins and pilins – have been found. These genes have a high level of similarity with the genes of plant symbiont bacteria. Genetic determinants of virulence factors such as locus B invasion proteins, Integration host factor (IHF), sensory histidine kinases, siderophore receptor and transport proteins and monooxygenase of antibiotic synthesis (Abm) were found in the genomes of the studied bacteria. The listed genes have similarities with those in organisms forming associations of different degrees of association with plants. Based on the data obtained, the assumption of a priority association of bacteria of the Lichenibacteriaceae family with green lichen algae was suggested.
Trophic-Energetic Bases of Functioning and Stability of Natural Populations of Herbivorous Mammals
Authors: Magomedov M.-R. D.
Published: April 2024

Using the example of various groups of herbivorous mammals, it is shown that the spatial, seasonal and long-term dynamics of energy resources directly affects the level of their consumption by animals, determines changes in the intensity of reproduction, mortality and migration processes, and, ultimately, the state and stability of populations. The supply of nutrients and energy is initially limited, that determines certain forms of ecological processes according to the hierarchy of components of the energy budget. The energy balance of the organism acts as a universal integral indicator of the effectiveness of the adaptation capabilities of the organism to environmental factors at every moment of its life cycle.
Assessment of the Health of the Environment by the Value of Fluctuing Asymmetry of Woody Plants: Analysis of Possible Causes of the Distortion of the Results
Authors: Shadrina E. G. , Soldatova V. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The reasons for distortion of the results of assessment of fluctuating asymmetry of woody plants are examined by the example of the silver birch Betula pendula Roth. The results of fluctuating asymmetry assessment by researchers with different skill levels in using this method are presented; it is shown that for researchers without any experience in using the method it is typical to overestimate the results to 50%, while training provides similar results. When assessing environmental health by the magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry, it is necessary to comply with the method requirements for material collection and processing; non-compliance can lead to problems with the interpretation of the results.
Spatial Structure of Tourism in the Context of the “Center–Periphery” Concept: The Case of Tyumen Oblast
Authors: Gudkovskikh M. V. , Dirin D. A.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the spatial structure of the tourist economy in the Tyumen region. The theoretical and methodological basis of this analysis is the concept of “center–periphery.” The study uses the method of cluster analysis (using the rules of single and full connection, weighted pairwise average, weighted centroid methods and the Ward method) to isolate groups of municipalities with a similar set of variables reflecting the infrastructure security and cultural and historical potential of the territory, which guarantees an adequate segmentation of the tourist space of the region into a regional center that consolidates record tourist resources and the most diverse types of tourist activity; the second centers are fixed by increased indicators of tourist potential with clearly distinguished branches of specialization. Peripheral areas are extremely poorly equipped with infrastructure components, characterized by internal heterogeneity of tourist manifestations with single destinations and transport isolation, while tourism for them is a means of overcoming economic backwardness, but is located in the zone of risky entrepreneurship. The results of the study allow us to improve the scientific and practical content of tourist zoning and territorial planning of the tourist industry of the Tyumen region.
Transboundary Water Exchange in the Don River Basin
Authors: Dolgov S. V. , Koronkevich N. I. , Alentyev Yu. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Different types of water exchange across state (as of the end of February 2022), administrative and natural borders in the Don River basin are considered. The indicators of atmospheric moisture transfer and wind movement of snow, water runoff across the boundaries of forest-steppe and steppe zones and the boundaries of individual landscapes are given. Most of the water is transported across all boundaries in the atmosphere. River runoff is only 4% of the value of atmospheric moisture transfer; 42% of the total annual runoff flows from the forest-steppe to the borders of the steppe zone, 39% of the flood runoff and 55–65% of the minimum summer-autumn and winter runoff. The exchange of river water between individual subjects in the Russian part of the Don River basin has been determined. There is a significant improvement in the water availability of the regions, taking into account the transit flow. The transfer of chemicals with water is considered. The features of the formation of diffuse runoff of biogenic elements in different landscapes are revealed. The results of a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the content of pollutants in the wastewater of Rostov, Voronezh, and Lipetsk oblasts for 1995–2018 period are presented. The impact of local and transit wastewater on the quality of water resources of Rostov oblast is assessed. The features of transboundary water exchange in connection with climate changes and economic activity that have occurred over the past decades are revealed. Mainly due to climatic changes, river runoff on the Lower Don has significantly decreased–by an average of 20%. The role of the surface component of runoff in the movement of water together with pollutants across administrative and natural borders has significantly decreased, while the role of the underground component, on the contrary, has increased. The ways of solving the main problems caused by transboundary water exchange are proposed.
Typization of Lakes of the East Antarctica Oases
Authors: Pryakhina G. V. , Kuznetsova M. R. , Zelepukina E. S. , Boronina A. S. , Popov S. V. , Grigoreva S. D. , Chetverova A. A. , Kashkevich M. P.
Published: April 2024

The urgency of creating a new complex typization of lakes of the East Antarctica oases is dictated not only by the desire to summarize accumulated Antarctic lakes’ data but also by the need to obtain the most informative characteristics of lake hydrological regime in the region for solving a wide applied problems’ range. Features of lake water level changes were used as a criterion in developing the complex typization of lakes of the East Antarctica oases for the first time, in contrast to existing classifications. The study was based on the analysis of literary and archive materials (the Larsemann Hills, the Schirmacher oasis, the Banger Hills, the Molodezhnyi oasis, the Vestfold Hills, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys), as well as our own expeditionary data (field seasons of 2017–2022, the Larsemann Hills). A group of indirect criteria (presence and type of natural dam, position in the cascade, flowage type, etc.) is proposed in addition to a group of direct criteria (duration of the lake filling phase, water level rise, etc. requiring organization of field observations) to obtain a holistic view of the water level regime of lakes. It is important that characteristics of the most indirect criteria can be obtained by visual reconnaissance surveys or by maps and remote sensing data. The identified 4 types (outbursting, tendentious, transit, and tidal) and 8 subtypes of lakes were illustrated by generalized graphs of water level changes, which objectively characterize the features of the lake hydrological regime. The openness of the typization suggests the opportunities for actualization with the accumulation of new scientific knowledge and data.
Integral Assessment of Water Quality in the Volga River Basin According to Monitoring Data in the 21st Century
Authors: Chernogaeva G. M. , Zhuravleva L. R. , Malevanov Y. A.
Published: April 2024

The Volga River has been the main Russian river for several centuries. The river, originating on the Valdai Hills, crosses several natural and climatic zones on its way to the Caspian Sea: from the southern taiga to the dry steppes of the Caspian Lowland. According to the latest data, 45% of industrial enterprises and 50% of agricultural production in Russia are concentrated in the river basin. The anthropogenic load on the river with its tributaries and their basins significantly exceeds the load on other large Russian rivers. The largest contaminated wastewater volumes fall on the share of Moscow, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Saratov, Ufa, Volgograd, Balakhna, Tolyatti, Ulyanovsk, Cherepovets, Naberezhnye Chelny and other large cities. All these negative processes occur against the background of ongoing climate change. The article analyzes the Roshydromet hydrochemical monitoring data of river waters in the Volga River basin for the 2000–2021 period by water bodies and federal subjects. Regardless of the year water content, almost 70% of hydrochemical monitoring stations in the Volga River basin correspond to the third quality class (“polluted”). An integral assessment of the water quality in the Volga River basin shows that the situation has not changed significantly since the end of the last century. To improve the ecological condition of the Volga River basin, it is necessary to implement a set of measures for the protection and reproduction of water resources in catchment areas, rationalize water use systems, and reduce the volume of freshwater intake. Reducing water consumption is a necessary condition for reducing the wastewater volume discharged and, consequently, the number of pollutants contained in it. One of the problems is that almost all types of water use harm the surface waters’ natural quality, including the Volga River basin.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, PROMOSI PEMASARAN, DAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN RUMAH DI PERUMAHAN GRIYA WANAYU
Authors: Fermayani Riche , Indrayani Tri Irfa , Egim Ash Shadiq , Darwis Irawan
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, promosi pemasaran, dan kepuasan konsumen terhadap keputusan pembelian rumah di Perumahan Griya Wanayu Kota Padang. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 55 responden yaitu konsumen yang membeli rumah di Perumahan Griya Wanayu Kota Padang. Metode analisis yang digunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil uji t statistik kualitas pelayanan, promosi pemasaran dan kepuasan konsumen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Dari uji f didapat kualitas pelayanan, promosi pemasaran, dan kepuasan konsumen secara keseluruhan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Pengaruh dari variabel kualitas pelayanan, promosi pemasaran, dan kepuasan konsumen terhadap variabel keputusan pembelian sebesar 93,8%, sisanya sebesar 6,2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang berada diluar model penelitian. Kata Kunci : Kualitas Pelayanan, Promosi Pemasaran, Kepuasan Konsumen, dan Keputusan Pembelian
PENGARUH AUDIT REPORT LAG DAN ROTASI AUDIT TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT DENGAN PROFITABILITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR ASURANSI DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) PERIODE 2018-2022
Authors: Anrizal Sry Yulia , Harahap Romi Rianto , Rahman Lisa Fitriani , Winelda Ria
Published: April 2024

ABSTRAK : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh audit report lag dan rotasi audit terhadap kualitas audit dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan sektor asuransi di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2018-2022. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 16 perusahaan sektor asuransi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah moderated regression analysis (MRA). Berdasarkan uji t parsial variabel audit report lag berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas audit, sedangkan variabel rotasi audit dan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Variabel audit report lag tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi. Begitu juga variabel rotasi audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi. Berdasarkan uji omnibus tests variabel audit report lag dan rotasi audit secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi. Besarnya pengaruh bahwa audit report lag dan rotasi audit terhadap variabel kualitas audit dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi sebesar 20,1%, sisanya sebesar 79,9% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model penelitian.Kata Kunci: Audit Report Lag, Rotasi Audit, Profitabilitas, dan Kualitas Audit
ANALISIS GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DENGAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING (Studi Pada SDN 46 dan SDN 47 Mandau)
Authors: Hamidah Hamidah , Supardi Supardi
Published: April 2024

Kinerja guru adalah prestasi mengajar yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan yang dilakukan guru dalam tugas pokok dan fungsinya dalam realisasi yang konkrit. Guru harus mempunyai kinerja yang baik agar kegiatan pembelajaran berjalan maksimal, oleh karena itu perlu memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja guru. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN 46 dan SDN 47 Mandau dengan tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis; 1) pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap motivasi kerja; 2) pengaruh kompetensi guru terhadap motivasi kerja; 3) pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru; 4) pengaruh langsung gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru; 5) pengaruh langsung kompetensi terhadap kinerja guru; 6) pengaruh tidak langsung gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru melalui motivasi kerja dan 7) pengaruh tidak langsung kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru melalui motivasi kerja. Sampel penelitian ini adalah guru SDN 46 dan SDN 47 Mandau yang berjumlah 41 guru, pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sensus. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner, observasi dan berkas penelitian. Alat analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan model Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dan pengolahannya menggunakan paket program SmartPLS, serta pengujian hipotesis dilakukan pada alpha 5%. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa: 1) gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja guru; 2) kompetensi guru terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja; 3) motivasi kerja terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja guru; 4) gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terbukti mempunyai pengaruh langsung terhadap kinerja guru; 5) kompetensi belum terbukti memberikan pengaruh langsung yang signifikan terhadap kinerja guru; 6) terbukti terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru melalui motivasi kerja dan 7) terbukti terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru melalui motivasi kerja. Kata Kunci : Kinerja, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Kompetensi, Motivasi