bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Laziness Contagious? How the Behaviour of Those Around You Impacts Your Effort
Authors: Zohar Emily , Inzlicht Michael
Published: December 2024

People are lazy. Although there are important exceptions, we prefer to exert less rather than more effort to gain the same reward. People are also social, and we often exert effort with others around, for example at the office, library, or cafe. Here, we ask if human laziness is shaped by those around us. Are we less lazy when we’re around hard-workers? Are we more lazy when we’re around slackers? Across eight studies (N = 1473), we gave people a demand-selection task where they repeatedly chose between a hard or easy task. Our results revealed that participants exerted significantly more effort after learning that previous participants consistently chose the harder task, compared to a control group who received no information about others' choices. Interestingly, participants who were told that others typically opted for the easier task, did not exert less effort than the control group. These results indicate that while others can help us resist laziness and inspire us to work harder, there appears to be a limit to our laziness. We might be effort misers, but this miserliness has a ceiling.
Not so Different, and not Deficient: First-and Continuing-generation Students’ Selves and Self-discrepancies
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Job Veronika , Bauer Christina
Published: December 2024

Previous research has often portrayed first-generation college students through a deficit lens, depicting them as lacking in skills, knowledge, or potential compared to continuing-generation students. It, however, remains unknown how first-generation and continuing-generation students perceive themselves with respect to their own goals and obligations. Who do they want to be and to what extent do they think of themselves as meeting their own goals and obligations? To answer these questions, we assessed students’ ideal and ought selves, as well as self-discrepancies, based on Higgins’s theory (1987), in a relatively large sample of students in the US (N = 1244) across three waves. Overall, we found no differences between first-generation and continuing-generation students’ ideal and ought selves and self-discrepancies. Responses were strikingly similar: Being kind, smart, and happy were among both groups’ top mentioned ideal and ought self-traits. Furthermore, both groups on average rated themselves as relatively close to their ideal and ought selves (scale-points around four on ideal selves and five on ought selves, respectively, on a seven-point scale). Despite common deficit-narratives, first-generation students did not think of themselves as being further away from their aspired selves than continuing-generation students.
Lessons on Racial/Ethnic Disparities from America’s COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sanderson Warren , Scherbov Sergei
Published: December 2024

America’s COVID-19 pandemic lasted for three years. We look back at the pandemic period and discuss three lessons we learned from it. First, we present figures for the effects of the pandemic on life expectancy. We do this using a new measure, called hybrid life expectancy, which accounts for the duration of the pandemic. We show that the three-year pandemic's effects on life expectancy were around an order of magnitude smaller than previously reported. The second lesson concerns racial/ethnic disparities in the pandemic’s effects on life expectancy. Using hybrid life expectancy, we show that those disparities were never more than 0.2 years, even at age 80. Changes in COVID-19 mortality rates are examined in the third lesson. We show there that in 2021, the year when vaccines first became widely available, the mortality rates fell for non-Hispanic Asians, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics, but not for non-Hispanic Whites. This behavior of non-Hispanic Whites was a factor in the US’s comparatively large decline in life expectancy between 2020 and 2021. The paper shows how crucially the pandemic’s effect on life expectancy depends on its duration. Ignoring this duration dependence magnifies racial/ethnic disparities in life expectancy by an order of magnitude, The paper also shows the importance of social and political factors in shaping pandemic outcomes.
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Harga Saham yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Setiawati Tiara Masri Dwiriski , Supeno Wangsit
Published: December 2024

Transportation is the process of transporting products and people from one location to another through machines and vehicles driven by humans. As part of the distribution chain of goods and passengers that grows every year, the transportation sector plays an important role in various domains such as politics, socio-culture, defense and security, especially in the economic sector. This study aims to examine the effect of Company Size and Profitability (ROA) on Stock Price. The sample in this study consisted of 8 transportation subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that had met the criteria as research samples in the 2020-2023 period. The research method in thisresearch is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Research on data in the form of Company financial facts obtained based on secondary data, namely data obtained in finished form. Based on the Multiple Regression Test and the results of the t test, it is found that the Company Sizevariable has a significant positive effect on stock prices, based on the results of the t test and Multiple Regression Test, that the ROA variable does not have a positive and significant effect on Stock Prices. Company Size and ROA simultaneously have a positive and significant impact on Stock Prices.
The story of Doctor Faustus on the stage of the European theater of the 20th century: the potential of open interpretation (English model)
Authors: Mylenka Halyna
Published: December 2024

The author examines the interpretive prospects of Christopher Marlowe's play "The Tragic Story of Dr. Faust", presented in the stage versions of modern directing in Great Britain. Having analyzed the most extraordinary directorial models, both from the point of view of the interpretation of the dramatic text and the use of means of scenic expressiveness, the author revealed the tendency of modern English directing to abandon the presumptions of the stage embodiment of classical drama as an illustration of the author's text and reproduction of meanings in the play. Having analyzed the director's readings of Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faust, the author established that the theater of the 21st century boldly opens up an unlimited space for the interpretation of classical drama - from unexpected allusive coding to the construction of a "new meaning" generated by the artist's consciousness. It has been proven that the opening of such an unlimited space for the interpretation of classical drama at the end of the 20th century could not even have been predicted. By turning to the theoretical considerations of Hans-Georg Gadamer, Roland Barthes, and Umberto Eco to understand the complicated content-semantic variants of the director's interpretation, which provided the justification for the "open" for numerous variants of the interpretation of the dramatic text, a justified opportunity arose to confirm the effectiveness of the methodology of the works of the mentioned philosophers, as well as research modern Ukrainian scientists Olena Onishchenko and Maryana Shapoval. It is thanks to this methodology that directorial interpretations were made in the theater of Great Britain of the 21st century, and these stage experiments are described in the context of the general movement of their philosophical and aesthetic ideas.
Neo-folkloristic trends in the work of Mykhailo Verikyvskyi and the prospects of their implementation in modern Ukrainian music
Authors: Derevyanchenko Olena
Published: December 2024

Mykhailo Verykivskyi's work is considered in the context of the development of neofolklorism in Ukrainian music. The author used a complex approach to the study of the work of this artist, which combines general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and special scientific ones — source studies, history, genre, style. The prerequisites of Mykhailo Verikyvskyi's neo-folkloristic searches became factors in the development of his creative personality: the musical traditions of his family and his native city of Kremenets, the creative assimilation of the pedagogical instructions of Boleslav Yavorskyi during his studies at the Kyiv Conservatory, the socio-cultural context of the 1920s. In the works of the composer, the following signs of the creative method and features of the style of neo-folklorism are revealed: an appeal to ritual archaism, genre and structural archetypes of Ukrainian song and instrumental folklore, a combination of the deep foundations of folklore thinking with technical-compositional and stylistic means of the modernist era (emancipation of dissonance, new-mode searches, dynamization metro-rhythmic and textural factors, polyphonization of the musical fabric, integration of the horizontal and vertical according to the principle of intonation commonality, multi-level reproduction of the tonal and logicalconstructive potential of the theme, etc.). The neo-folkloristic tendencies initiated by Mykhailo Verykivskyi in Ukrainian music were summarized according to the following scheme: the first is an appeal to authentic folk-poetic texts (the oratorio "Duma pro divkг-branka", 1923); the second — the creation of original works on folk themes (neo-folkloristic compositions) in chamber instrumental music ("Five Pieces on Folk Themes for String Quartet", 1921) and symphonic music ("Vesnyanka", 1924); the third is the formation of new types of genres of professional and academic creativity on the basis of composers' deep penetration into the folk system of artistic thinking (folk oratorio, folk ballet, folk suite, folk quartet, etc.). It is concluded that Mykhailo Verykivskyi is one of the founders of neo-folklorism in Ukrainian chamber-instrumental, symphonic, vocal-symphonic and ballet music, who developed the intentions of Mykola Lysenko and Mykola Leontovych to a new level and contributed to the formation of epic-dramatic and ritual-mythological image-genres vectors of Ukrainian musical neo-folklorism.
MYROSLAV SKORYK "SIX PRELUDES AND FUGUES FOR PIANO": LOGICAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE PRINCIPLES OF MUSICAL THINKING
Authors: SKORYK ADRIANA , FADYEYEVA KATERYNA
Published: December 2024

The authors of the scientific study conducted an analysis of various existing scientific works in which the multifaceted creativity of Myroslav Skoryk was highlighted. It is in this study that the focus is made on his polyphonic cycle "Six Preludes and Fugues" for piano. It was found that the composer turned to the genre of fugue from the early period of his creativity. The creative evolution of the Master was noted, which prompted him to integrate traditional polyphonic features and crystallization of specific features inherent in the individual author's style. It has been established that traditional features include the development of the prelude form with constant number of voices and the strict linearity of the fugue. The individual features in the polyphonic texture of Skoryk's preludes are the formation of multiple thematic elements, internal juxtaposition, contrast and improvisation. It is proved that in fugues the compositional style is determined by mirror inversion. The trends in the functioning of the logical-constructive principles of musical thinking of Myroslav Skoryk are traced, taking into account the process that combines the integration of research and composing. The conceptual ideas of Skoryk-theorist regarding the functionality of contemporary music are described, introducing the term "12-tone diatonic series," which were realized by Skoryk-composer in the analyzed cycle. The modal-tonal parameters of the works are formulated according to the principle of chromatic ascending motion (these are sharp and flat major tonalities). It is proven that the representation of the twelve-tone diatonic mode at the beginning of the first prelude of the mini-cycle illustrates the composer’s own method, reflecting the logical and constructive principles of musical thinking of Myroslav. Skoryk-theorist. Conjunctive algorithms of algebraic-logical statements of the type "and..., and" have been revealed, which were extrapolated onto the overlay of dynamic culmination, registral divergence, and functioning within the textural dramaturgy of all mini-cycles by the Master. The specificity of applying polyphony and intensive dynamic relief in the textural dramaturgy of the preludes, manifested through amplitude variations, has been substantiated. The coincidence of dynamic and registral peaks in the textural dramaturgy of the fugues has been traced, which creates an expressive sonorous effect. The principle of binary oppositions, the interaction of opposing beginnings (randomness and regularity, improvisation and constructiveness) is illustrated, forming semantic unity in each mini-cycle.
HISTORY AND ART: MULTIPLICITY OF DIRECTORIAL INTERPRETATIONS OF WAGNER'S WORKS ON THE BAYREUTH STAGE
Authors: Honchar Oleksii
Published: December 2024

The stages of development of the principles of productions of R. Wagner's works at the festival founded by the composer in the city of Bayreuth have been examined. It is shown that the concept of "art of the future" was only partially realized by the author in practice, while the lifetime productions carried out at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus became a factual continuation of the theatrical tradition of that time. The leading role of Adolphe Appia in proclaiming new approaches to the implementation of Wagnerian works has been highlighted. It is determined that his ideas, aimed at purging the stage of superfluous elements and developing the action based on music, became the key principle of directing from 1951, embodied by the composer's grandchildren. The situation in which the festival and the figure of the artist became elements of Nazi regime ideology has been described. This factor being noted as an additional condition thus necessitated a radical renewal of visual stylistics and principles of implementing festival performances in the post-war period. It has been clarified that starting from the 1970s, the practice of inviting directors allowed new ideas to be introduced into festival productions, diversifying the principles of interpretation of works and themes that reflected the social and political realities of the time, as well as reinterpreting the historical experience of the festival and the figure of the composer. The significance of the 1976 production of "The Ring of the Nibelung" by Patrice Chéreau being substantiated, as it became the starting point for new directorial explorations. It was revealed that subsequently, themes of power, oil, political confrontation, and historical cataclysms became some of the most frequently reproduced on stage and remain relevant today. The productions of Frank Castorf, Barrie Kosky, Kazimier Julian Kratzer, Wagner Schwartz and Jay Scheib have been examined and analyzed, they were created in accordance with the current demands of the time, themes, and issues of contemporary society, historical experience, and ways of understanding it. It is proved that in recent years, the use of multimedia elements become important, forming a complex of expressive means that opens up new interpretations of the plot, complements reality, and expands the spatial boundaries of the performance.
Postgraduate Training to Obtain the Education Creative Degree of Doctor of Arts in Ukraine (Summary of the First Five Years’ Experience on the Example of Specialty 025 "Musical Art")
Authors: Zhulkovskyi Bohdan
Published: December 2024

The system of modern music education is analyzed on the example of the activities of Kyiv, Kharkiv and Lviv schools of academic bandura performance, which not only provide, but also preserve and continue the Ukrainian cultural and historical tradition, instilling in their descendants a respectful attitude to its culture. It was found that each of them made its own special contribution to the development of region, forming a system of musical thinking that maximally realizes musical and pedagogical activity, summarizing and scientifically substantiating the musical and creative development of each academic school, outlining its directions of functioning in the cultural and educational space. The most famous representatives of these schools are highlighted in the study in order to outline the main trends of further development. Quite deep socio-economic reforms taking place in Ukraine in the conditions of war and the world as a whole have determined the need of society not only for an independent, but also for an enterprising, energetic, creatively oriented person. The study revealed that the process of adaptation of such a personality should be considered from the standpoint of cultural aspect. It has been proven that for future music specialists, music is one of the most emotional forms of art, which promotes the development of the ability to empathize, being able to feel and reflect the entire palette of human emotions and experiences. The author detailed the motivation related to the functional purpose of bandura performance and which consists in mobilizing the emotional and sensual world of the individual. In this context, the musical heritage of the outstanding academic bandura player Lyudmila Fedorova-Kohanska was characterized, it became an integral part of the spiritual life of the nation and one of the means of preserving the cultural traditions of today's academic bandura performance. The article highlights the figure of L. Fedorova-Kokhanskaya, her creative achievements, since she made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian musical culture, influenced the formation of the identity and mentality of the Ukrainian people
150 years of Colonne Concerts
Authors: Douche Sylvie
Published: December 2024

In the early decades of the 19th century, France created many Musical Societies with a dual objective: to offer (symphonic) music to the widest possible audience, and to perform a repertoire combining new works and masterpieces of the past. The Association artistique des Concerts Colonne is one such Society. Founded in 1873 by Édouard Colonne (1838–1910), the group took over from the short-lived Concert national invented by Georges Hartmann (1843-1900), while maintaining Sunday concerts in the Théâtre du Châtelet. Colonne quickly found itself in competition with the Concerts Lamoureux, making artistic choices that set it apart.
Thanks to the posters and programs deposited in various repositories, we thought it would be interesting to take a sampling of these rich holdings to illustrate a history of the Ensemble that answers the following questions: what was its overall operation? How were programs and Hall Programs drawn up (e.g. by Charles Koechlin), and who were the musicians? In so doing, we will have sketched a (non-exhaustive) portrait of the Concerts Colonne, which will be blowing out its 150 candles in 2023. One of the longest-running concert series that brought together outstanding performers, composers, and a wide range of listeners was the Colonne Concerts series. Their leader, Édouard Colonne, has been organizing remarkable musical events that have opened up to the Parisian public both classical works by Beethoven, Mozart, Weber, and Schumann and works by contemporary composers, including Fauré, Debussy, d'Indy, Ravel, Charpentier, Widor, Chabrier, and Dukas.
FREIGHT FORWARDING ACTIVITY: BASICS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
Authors:   Odessa National Maritime University, Volodymyr Miakushko
Published: December 2024

The main purpose of the article is to study the essence of transport and forwarding activities, the prerequisites for its occurrence, elements and participants, the production process, material and technical components, personnel support, the impact of the cost of transport and forwarding services on the cost of cargo transportation, the features of the organization and the specifics of international transport and forwarding activities and transport and forwarding activities at the national level. The paper examines the role of international globalization, transport processes and transport and forwarding activities in the development, implementation and implementation of sales contracts at the national and international level, in the evolution of trade and other counterparty relations in business. The main core of the article is the substantiation of the essence and role of TEK in the development and formation of market mechanisms, the economic system, trade relations and the transport system in general, creating favorable conditions for the implementation of activities in other sectors of the economy, developing the infrastructure of the country's economic sectors. Within the framework of the study, the main reasons and prerequisites for the emergence of transport and forwarding companies are determined, the influence of TEK on the efficiency of logistics processes on the international market is outlined.The main factors for the separation of transport and forwarding activity into a separate type of business activity are determined and the ways of choosing effective logistics chains, taking into account the cost, material and technical and time components, are proposed. The economic feasibility of using such specialized logistics structures as transport-forwarding companies and logistics providers is substantiated.The article outlines the main features of transport and forwarding services, defines their structure and pays attention to business processes in transport and forwarding activities. Factors of motivation and involvement of participants in the transport process and the role of the freight forwarder-intermediary were determined. The paper outlines the main trends in the national and international freight forwarding market, such as the expansion of the range of services that freight forwarders offer to cargo owners.Keywords: transport, freight transportation chain, freight forwarding activity, international transportation, transport activity.
Nuevos retos formativos en Información y Comunicación: microcredenciales
Authors: Sanz-Martos Sandra
Published: December 2024

Las microcredenciales están transformando la educación superior al ofrecer una formación modular y flexible que responde a las demandas del mercado laboral. Para las facultades de Información y Comunicación, representan una oportunidad y un desafío: deben diseñar programas dinámicos, identificar competencias específicas y conectarse más estrechamente con el mundo profesional. Sin duda, nos encontramos ante un tiempo de reflexión para seguir evolucionando y facilitando el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida.
Observando la curación colaborativa de conocimiento estructurado en Wikidata
Authors: Pastor-Sánchez Juan-Antonio , Saorín Tomás
Published: December 2024

Se revisan aspectos concretos relevantes para entender el funcionamiento de Wikidata desde la perspectiva de la organización colaborativa del conocimiento. La curación colectiva presenta retos sobre modelado y calidad de los datos. Wikidata tiene la capacidad de incorporar taxonomías y vocabularios controlados, pero se identifican prácticas problemáticas en el uso clases/subclases e instancias. También se describen las dificultades para establecer esquemas de metadatos, y en la realización de descripciones consistentes de elementos, y el uso como base de datos bibliográfica, así como un panorama de las paradojas que crea el licenciamiento en dominio y su uso como conjunto de datos para enriquecimiento de las aplicaciones de nueva generación de inteligencia artificial.
НАУЧНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ ПРОФЕССОРА О. В. СМИРНОВОЙ В ЛЕСНОЙ ЭКОЛОГИИ (К 85-ЛЕТНЕМУ ЮБИЛЕЮ)
Authors:   State Nature Biosphere Reserve “Bryanskii Les”, Evstigneev O.I. ,   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS
Published: December 2024

О. В. Смирнова – профессор, доктор биологических наук, крупный ученый в области демографии растений, популяционной биологии и лесной биогеоценологии. В основе биогеоценотических взглядов Ольги Всеволодовны лежат представления о популяционной организации живого, которые сформировались под влиянием ее учителя – профессора А. А. Уранова. В рамках этой системы взглядов О. В. Смирнова внесла существенный вклад в развитие концепций биологического возраста растений и популяционной стратегии растений, в создание теории ценопопуляций и популяционной организации биогеоценозов, а также в формирование представлений о современной зональности как антропогенном явлении. В статье приводится полная библиография О. В. Смирновой, включая названия диссертаций ее учеников.
La explicación en el aula de matemáticas: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Valdés-León Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Introducción: La investigación sobre la explicación en la enseñanza de matemáticas en la educación primaria y secundaria es crucial para mejorar la comprensión y el aprendizaje efectivo de conceptos matemáticos. Este estudio se enfoca en analizar las investigaciones empíricas que han abordado la explicación en la enseñanza de las matemáticas en estos niveles de enseñanza, publicadas en los últimos cinco años en revistas indexadas en la Web of Science. Metodología: Se realiza una revisión de la literatura, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA para garantizar un análisis sistemático y reproducible. Resultados: Los hallazgos destacan que la investigación en los niveles educativos de primaria y secundaria sobre la explicación matemática es escasa. Predominan estudios con innovaciones docentes que le otorgan un rol secundario a la calidad de la explicación. Discusión: Se discute la necesidad de formación continua para los docentes, enfatizando la importancia de las explicaciones claras y adaptadas a las necesidades de los estudiantes para facilitar un aprendizaje profundo y duradero, así como las implicaciones prácticas del estudio. Conclusiones: Este estudio subraya la oportunidad de expandir la investigación en este campo para enriquecer las prácticas pedagógicas y mejorar la enseñanza de las matemáticas en niveles educativos fundamentales.
Elaboración de trabajos guiados sobre Patrimonio Cultural. Métodos mixtos de trabajo
Authors: Delgado García Antonio
Published: December 2024

Introducción: A la hora de programar el desarrollo del currículo académico en niveles obligatorios y postobligatorios, surge la necesidad de planificar actividades académicas que tengan tanto relación tanto con los contenidos del currículo como pueda ser ampliado mostrando su paralelismo con el entorno educativo, sobre todo con el patrimonio cultural del distrito escolar. Metodología: Se idean una serie de elementos de unión entre la teoría impartida y la realidad patrimonial que rodea al alumnado. Resultados: El alumnado ha de buscar ejemplos de la realidad patrimonial circundante al entorno donde se mueve y está acostumbrado a vivirlo, para dotar de significado el currículo que estudia. Discusión: Esos trabajos sirven para matizar y contextualizar mediante actividades el conocimiento del entorno. Conclusiones: Los trabajos realizados sirven para mediante ejemplos educativos demostrar la apropiación cultural del entorno y dotarlo de sentido por el alumnado como medio de ejemplificar su conocimiento de fenómenos históricos a nivel nacional o internacional.
A Comparison of Penguin Swarm Optimization Algorithms for Enhancing Network Throughput
Authors:   Information Technology Group National Bank of Pakistan Karachi, Pakistan, Akhtar Talha , Haider Najmi Ghani ,   Department of Computer Science, UIT University, Karachi, Pakistan, Khan Nadeem Kafi ,   Department of Computer Science, NUCES-FAST, Karachi, Pakistan, Uddin Rashid ,   Department of Computer Science, Karakoram International University, Pakistan Karachi, Pakistan
Published: December 2024

The increasing integration of information technology (IT) into computer communication systems has resulted in smart grid systems that promise increased efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. Managing and analyzing the vast amounts of data generated by smart grid devices is critical to effectively manipulating the potential of these systems. Conventional data centers have been used to process and store data, however, the emergence of edge computing technologies has made alternative data management, a decentralized approach to shifting data from highly over-loaded virtual machines to lighter-loaded nodes, where the queue task is increased from a certain threshold. With its ability to deliver computing and storage resources at the network's edge, close to device terminals and users, edge computing is an evolving distributed computing approach well-suited for facilitating extensive management of smart devices in the future smart grid. Inspired by the penguin behavior, the Penguin Colony Optimization algorithm (PeCO) is a new meta-heuristic technique used in this study to solve the network load balancing issues. Penguins are alive in extremely frigid climates around the world. A penguin's body heat intensity is the indicator of its fitness and draws other penguins in its vicinity towards it so that they may stay warm collectively. The magnitude of body heat radiation the penguin produces is correlated with its heat strength. The Penguin Search algorithm (PeSO), another algorithm inspired by penguins, has demonstrated vital efficacy in dropping response times and queue lengths on nodes with the highest fitness values. The traffic throughput throughout peak hours was significantly enhanced by 62% when PeSO used the Circle multimodal function, as opposed to 62.37% when PeSO used the Raster-gin multi-modal function. Circle multi-modal function via PeSO of 64.35% yields an enhanced result.
Development of a method for assessing the quality of barley for brewing using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Zapotoczny Piotr
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses the utilization of hyperspectral imaging in the process of assessing the quality of barley grain intended for brewing purposes. A specialized research setup comprising a spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD camera was employed. During measurements, the spectral distribution of each pixel in the image was recorded within the range of 400 to 1000 nm, enabling the extraction of homogeneous areas on the grain surfaces. Subsequently, surface texture parameters were computed on the designated areas. Prior to engaging in classification analyses, variable reduction was performed utilizing: (a) Fisher's coefficient, (b) classification error coefficient along with the averaged correlation coefficient POE+ACC, and (c) mutual information coefficient MI. The research material consisted of grain categorized into rain-soaked (B), mold -infested (M), and healthy (H). The best classification results were obtained for a wavelength of 800 nm from the extracted homogeneous areas. The classification accuracy reached 100% across all quality groups.
Drivers' confidence in advanced drivers assistance systems (ADAS)
Authors: Drożyner Przemysław , Mikołajczak Paweł
Published: December 2024

Road accidents are a serious social problem, both in terms of public health and the costs associated with it, and as individual tragedies. Efforts to reduce the role of human factors in road accidents include partial or full automation of tasks performed by drivers through various types of advanced driver assistance systems. The question arises as to what characteristics of a technology user determine the degree of their trust in it in the context of the functionality and reliability of this technology. Two research questions related to the assessment of technology users (ADAS) of its reliability and effectiveness of operation and the differentiation of these assessments in individual groups of respondents were adopted. Data were obtained through survey research using the CATI (Computer Aided Interaction) technique Assisted Web Interview. 155 respondents participated in the study. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the oldest systems, used for many years – ABS, airbags, inspire the greatest trust among drivers, while the least popular, used relatively recently – line assistance system. The respondent’s metrics (gender, age, experience) do not affect the perception of the effectiveness and reliability of ADAS; this may be surprising, because it is commonly believed that young people are more willing to use various types of technological innovations. Many respondents have no opinion on the effectiveness and efficiency of ADAS systems – most often these are people who do not have such systems installed in their cars or have not had contact with them. The most “educated” group in terms of knowledge of ADAS are – which is not surprising – professional drivers, although the number of such respondents whose knowledge is negligible (17%) may be surprising.
Application of condition-based monitoring in enhancing mechanical system reliability and proactive structural damage detection
Authors: Djidrov Marjan
Published: December 2024

Technologies, processes, and systems are not immune to failure, which is why robust monitoring systems are crucial to ensure their continued functionality and safety. An interdisciplinary approach that combines engineering, data science, and material science allows for more comprehensive measurement and analysis, enabling better decision-making and more accurate predictions of performance. The integration of these technologies leads to increased safety, reduced human error, and significant cost savings by preventing costly repairs and downtime. Continuous monitoring helps in avoiding catastrophic failures, allowing for early detection of issues before they escalate. Additionally, it opens opportunities for improving the design of mechanical systems and structures, optimizing the organization of maintenance. By reducing human impact and enhancing safety, these monitoring systems offer a more secure and efficient operation. Furthermore, through advanced predictive analytics, the remaining service life can be estimated, facilitating more effective planning. The development of such smart, intelligent mechanical systems and structures promises a future where maintenance is proactive rather than reactive, creating a safer, more sustainable environment for both operators and systems by leveraging advanced sensors, data analytics, and adaptive technologies for real-time monitoring and damage detection.
Виховання національно-патріотичних цінностей у молодших школярів – пріоритетне завдання освітнього процесу
Authors: Латуша Наталія , Олійник Наталія
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the peculiarities of national-patriotic education of primary school students in general secondary education at the present stage. The necessity of an integrated approach to the main guidelines of education, i.e. the identification of the main values of education of students is substantiated. It is determined that the main goal of national-patriotic education of primary school students is the formation of a citizen, a patriot, an intellectually developed, morally mature personality, ready to resist the enemies of the Motherland and antisocial influences, able to solve personal problems, create themselves and the world around them. It is considered that the priority direction of primary school students' education in the national education system is patriotic education. The relevance of patriotic education of the younger generation is due to the process of formation of civil society and the formation of a united nation in Ukraine. In modern conditions, patriotism is becoming necessary for both citizens and the state, because a high level of patriotic feelings contributes to the harmonious development of the individual within the state and society as a whole. National and patriotic values (love for the native land, respect for cultural heritage, respect for history and state symbols, readiness to defend the country and awareness of responsibility for its future) unite people in a common desire for progress and prosperity of the state. The article notes that national-patriotic education of primary school students is based on the principles of universal, multicultural, civic values that ensure the physical, moral, spiritual, cultural development of the child, the education of a socially mature creative personality, a citizen of Ukraine and the world. National-patriotic education is aimed at preparing students for a conscious choice of life path, as well as at strengthening the family's responsibility for the education and upbringing of children. In this process, social and psychological support and guidance are provided, which are extremely important in the context of martial law. The article reveals the system of educational work of the Agronomichne Lyceum of the Agronomical Village Council of Vinnytsia District, Vinnytsia Region, which is based on the idea of life-creating pedagogy, which contributes to the formation and development of the personality of primary school students, creating a situation of success and self-realization of the child. The institution has created a public and educational space for raising children: education in an atmosphere of kindness and creativity, mutual assistance and mutual respect, which provides society with a model of value relations. Various activities involving primary school students are considered to ensure the vital activity of the lyceum and classroom social life.
Формування граматичної правильності мовлення в дітей старшого дошкільного віку засобами гейміфікації
Authors: Колеснік Катерина , Іщенко Людмила , Карук Інна
Published: December 2024

The article reveals the peculiarities of the formation of grammatical correctness of speech in older preschool children by means of gamification. A definitive analysis of the concepts «speech competence», «grammatical correctness of speech», «gamification», «didactic game» was carried out. Attention is drawn to the problems of the development of the grammatical structure of speech in children. The authors of the article clarified the content and tasks of grammatical competence in older preschool children by means of gamification, taking into account psychological and pedagogical work on the problem and creative pedagogical experience. It has been proven that the main tasks of forming the grammatical correctness of the speech of preschool children are: practical assimilation of the morphological system of the Ukrainian language by children; familiarization with word formation rules; mastering the syntax of the Ukrainian language. The requirements for conducting didactic games were analyzed. Examples of didactic games that can be used to involve older preschool children in classes and in everyday life are given. An experimental study is presented to identify the level of formation of grammatical correctness of speech in older preschoolers (group № 9 «Snow White and 7 Dwarfs» (32 childrens) of the Communal Institution «institution of preschool education 30») by means of gamification. During the experiment, it was found that only a small part of the children has a high level of grammatical correctness of speech. This confirms the relevance and importance of forming grammatical competence in older preschool children. It has been proven that the systematic use of didactic games based on speech contributes to deep and solid assimilation of language material, understanding of the grammatical structure of speech. This will undoubtedly ensure speech development in older preschoolers, their sense of language.
Analytical Examination of Malaysia-Pakistan Bilateral Relations: Historical Foundations and Contemporary Challenges in the 21st Century
Authors: Mehboob Fariah
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to provide an analytical account of Malaysia-Pakistan relations with a focus on the historical background and the challenges of the 21st century. In this study, secondary data has been used to analyze the bilateral relations between the two countries in terms of political, security, and economic facets. This study aims to examine the political relations between Malaysia and Pakistan with the aim of identifying the successes and the existing problems that define diplomacy. In addition, it evaluates the strategic security interactions that are pertinent to the stability of the region. The paper also makes some future predictions by analyzing the current situation and possible situations that may improve or worsen the bilateral relations. Thus, the goal of this research is to describe the main features of Malaysia-Pakistan relations in the context of the modern geopolitical environment to identify the challenges and prospects for their development.
Knowledge, attitude, practice and their association on prevention of leptospirosis among adult paddy cultivating farmers in Bulathsinhala MOH area
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Amarasinghe A.A.D.S. , Abeysinghe K. , Abeywardana D.G.N.M. , Amarathunga S.R. , Anthonies H.A. , Perera J.
Published: December 2024

Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease in Sri Lanka, caused by the Leptospira bacteria. It has a major global burden with high morbidity and mortality rates. Leptospirosis is a prevalent disease in Sri Lanka with recurrent seasonal outbreaks. The disease is primarily caused by occupational exposure. Prevention relies on good knowledge, positive attitudes towards prevention, and responsible practices.
Risk factors for oral cancers among patients in western province: a matched case-control study
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Gunasekara B.A.P.L. , Gunasekara G.B.N. , Gunathilake H.A.N.H. , Gunawardana W.A.N. , Handugala H.D.M.A. , Siriwardhana I.D. ,   Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Moratuwa, Samarasinghe S.M. ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Moratuwa
Published: December 2024

Background: Oral cancer is the leading cancer among men and the ninth among women in Sri Lanka. Identifying risk factors of oral cancer will significantly reduce its incidence. This study aimed to assess the risk factors of oral cancers among patients in Western Province by describing the levels of exposure to factors with a potential association.
Prevalence and factors associated with self-medication with antibiotics among engineering students in the University of Moratuwa: a cross-sectional study
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Aslam A.I.T. , Athapathu A.H. , Balasubramaniam T. , Balasubramaniyam T. , Chandima M.A.R. , Jayawardane P. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Published: December 2024

Self-medication is an important public problem across the world, with a varied prevalence ranging from 11.7% to 92%. It has been recognized as a leading cause of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A Sri Lankan study revealed that 11% (108/998) had self-medicated the last time they took antibiotics.
A Concept to increase the sensitivity of staphylococcus aureus detecting sensor in skin and wounds to prevent healthcare associated infections
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Chandrarathna H.M.P.S. , Samarasinghe J.A. , Vimalaraj A. , Jayasinghe D.M.D.S. , Dayananda N.W.N. ,   Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Senanayake S. ,   Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Moratuwa
Published: December 2024

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections acquired by patients within healthcare facility stays, not present upon admission. HAIs annually impact millions of patients worldwide, leading to preventable illnesses, deaths, increased antibiotic resistance, prolonged hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading cause of HAIs, posing life-threatening risks. Microorganisms challenge efforts to maintain sterility during surgical procedures and on patient skin surfaces, despite stringent aseptic protocols. Even with standard precautions, contamination by HAIs through patients or healthcare personnel remains a serious threat. To address these challenges, leveraging medical technological advancements for detecting invading microorganisms, such as sensor systems, could enhance infection control measures during surgical procedures and patient care, ensuring safer healthcare environments.
Study on soil stabilization using fly ash & rice husk ash in roadway embankment
Authors:   University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka., Vithiya V.M. , Piriyashankar
Published: December 2024

In Sri Lanka, there is a shortage of suitable embankment material for road construction due to the country's increasing demand for highways and economic crisis. Meanwhile, industrial waste products such as fly ash and rice husk ash, generated in large quantities by rice mills and coal power plants, are considered valueless by-products. Improper disposal of these by-products in landfills poses a significant environmental threat. The purpose of this study is to assess the stability of an embankment that was constructed using inappropriate embankment material and stabilized using a mixture of fly ash and rice husk ash. The research adopts an exploratory approach to investigate this alternative solution. In the experimental work, different proportions of fly ash (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) and 5% rice husk ash by dry weight will be mixed with the soil. This range of proportions allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the ash mixture on stabilization. To determine the required material parameters for numerical analysis, various tests will be conducted, including standard proctor compaction. These tests will provide essential data on the compaction characteristics and other relevant properties of the stabilized soil samples. The obtained material parameters will be used in subsequent numerical analyses to assess the stability of the embankment. This analysis will involve evaluating the embankment's resistance to deformation, load-bearing capacity, and potential failure mechanisms.
Development of an intelligent road safety mobile navigation application using machine learning for real-time accident hotspot and severity prediction: a case study in Sri Lanka
Authors:   General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka., Jayamanna J.M.C.T. , Kalansooriya P.
Published: December 2024

In Sri Lanka as well as other countries, traffic accidents are a leading cause of fatalities. Many factors contribute to the high mortality rate in developing countries. One of the reasons that road accidents occur is that people are unaware of common accident locations. The government has already enforced other tactics, like traffic signals and fines, to reduce these incidents, but they have been ineffective. But if people have a way to change their driving patterns based on the common accident locations, so-called hotspots, we can decrease the road traffic accidents that happen on a daily basis. This study focuses on improving road safety by developing an intelligent road safety mobile navigation application that provides real-time alerts on accident hotspots and severity levels to drivers during their journey on the road. This system uses supervised machine learning for building a most suitable model for accident hotspots and severity prediction that is tailored for Sri Lankan accident data by conducting an in-depth review of existing machine learning techniques and analysis of historical accident data. According to the re- view, comparison, and evaluation, the final predictive machine learning model was implemented using an XGBoost regression model for the prediction of accident hotspots and a random forest classification model for accident severity prediction. By integrating the implemented predictive model, this study proposes a mechanism to gather real-time accident data and the development of the mobile application, which provides the foundation to revolutionize road safety and enables drivers to make safer decisions on the road.