bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Use and Its Effects on the Periodontium and Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Laxman Vandana K. , Annaji Sridhar
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this article is to present a review of the potential biological mechanisms underlying the effects of tobacco smoking on periodontal health and periodontal therapy.

Background

Periodontitis is the result of complex interrelationships between infectious agents and host factors. Environmental, acquired, and genetic risk factors modify the expression of disease and may, therefore, affect the onset or progression of periodontitis.

Review Results

The study of the relationship between periodontal disease and smoking has received increased attention during the last few years. Tobacco smoking has wide spread systemic effects, many of which may provide mechanisms for the increased susceptibility to periodontitis and the poorer response to treatment.

Conclusion

Tobacco smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease.

Clinical Significance

The role smoking plays in periodontal disease should be considered by clinicians and patients during active periodontal therapy and the oral health maintenance phases of care.

Citation

Laxman VK, Annaji S. Tobacco Use and Its Effects on the Periodontium and Periodontal Therapy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:097-107.
The Effects of Three Different Pastes on Enamel Caries Formation and Lesion Depth Progression-An In Vitro Study
Authors: Hallikerimath Seema , Shirahatti Ravi V , Nagesh L
Published: July 2019

Prevention of initiation and interruption in progression of early lesions are the desirable modes of caries management. Fluoride dentifrices and casein phosphopeptides are known to inhibit demineralization and enhance remineralization. The present study was conducted with the objective to investigate the effects of fluoridated dentifrice, non-fluoridated dentifrice and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate paste on enamel caries formation and lesion depth progression.228 tooth sections derived from extracted human permanent molars.were used The study was carried out in 3 phases where in each phase the enamel sections were treated for 14 days twice a day for 3 minutes with respective agents, followed by acid demineralization using 0.05 M acetic acid resulting in lesions. The depths of the lesions were measured using stereomicroscope. The mean lesion depths of three test groups were compared with each other as well as with control group at the end of each phase. Comparison of mean lesion depths of different groups was carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student's unpaired-t-test. The fluoridated dentifrice group had significantly lesser mean lesion depth than control group in all the three phases (P<0.05). In second phase, non-fluoridated dentifrice and CPP-ACP paste groups had significantly lesser mean lesion depths than control groups (P<0.05). The study demonstrated that twice a day application of fluoridated dentifrice provides substantial protective effect against lesion formation and lesion depth progression. The study could not demonstrate any additional ability of CPP-ACP paste in reducing lesions depth progression and effect was similar to non-fluoridated dentifrice group.
Referral of a Periodontal Patient- When & Why?
Authors: Kumar Ashish
Published: July 2019

PLast two decades have seen vast increase in the knowledge of the periodontal disease process, its pathology & also a sudden rise in various treatment modalities to cure it. With periodontitis being one of the most common diseases affecting the oral cavity, the interest in periodontics has risen over last decades. Still the referral process for periodontal patients is not as common as for other specialties of dentistry. This is despite the fact that it may not be possible for many of the general dentists to effectively treat periodontal patients and provide optimal care. The general dentists need to understand what periodontists do & what value they bring to patient care as the scope of periodontal practice has broadened. This article stresses on the importance of referral process of a periodontal patient in general practice as team approach always works better.
Xeroderma Pigmentosa; Review and Case Report
Authors: Marya CM , Gupta Bhavna , Anegundi Rajesh
Published: July 2019

Xeroderma Pigmentosa is caused by an autosomal recessive allele. It is characterized by dry, pigmented skin, spidery blood vessels in the skin, skin cancers, and sometimes other abnormalities of both the eyes and brain. A harsh reaction to sunlight, such as severe sunburn and blistering at only a slight exposure, is a notable symptom and should be distinguished within the first year or two of life. The majority of the people who are born with these disorders die by early adulthood due to malignant cancers. This article reports a case of 6-year-old child suffering from XP with dental implications.
Synodontia between Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisor and A Supernumerary Tooth: Surgical Treatment Perspective
Authors: Gupta Seema , Goel Mahesh , Dutta Samir
Published: July 2019

Synodontia or fusion is union of two independently developing primary or secondary teeth. In the case reported here, clinical and radiographic examination suggested fusion between maxillary lateral incisor and a supernumerary tooth with the resultant loss of eruption space for permanent canine. Since the teeth exhibited separate pulp chambers without any pulpal involvement, surgical separation followed by odontoplasty was done. Follow-up revealed the tooth to be asymptomatic and sufficient space for eruption of canine was created. The case report highlights the surgical management in case of fusion and timely intervention to prevent periodontal, endodontic and orthodontic complications.
Oral Health Awareness Among School Teachers in Thiruvallur District of Tamilnadu
Authors: John JR , Raghavelu R , Selvakumar R , Rajendran G
Published: July 2019

Objective

The study was done with an aim to know the knowledge, attitude and practices among school teachers regarding oral health.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 285 school teachers from 28 schools (government and private schools) located in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu.

Results

Whilst majority of the school teachers had high level of interest towards the importance of oral health, their lack of knowledge was one of the constraints for further promotion of oral health. Additionally, inadequate resources and training programs for teachers were also identified to be significant barriers in promoting positive dental health education.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the need for regular training programs for school teachers that involves knowledge and positive approaches towards oral health practices. It is also imperative that school management provide adequate resources for the training needs that accommodate oral health awareness and positive approaches for oral health promotion.
Selfiedontics: The Art Of Selfies Combining Cosmetic Dentistry
Authors: Gupta S , Agrawal A , Tavane P , Gundappa M , Dibyendu M , Dimri S
Published: July 2019

Cosmetic dentistry has gone through potential transformations over the years. Various techniques have now been established to analyze the smile digitally and, to simulate the “Before and After” in a particular case. Selfiedontics defines the amalgamation of selfie-culture with clinical practice of dentistry. Use of selfie should not only be restricted to social platform, but also to educate the patient about his own dental status, and even in treatment planning. This article focuses on the combination of digital dentistry with that of the cosmetic or esthetic dentistry.
Cementifying Fibroma of the Mandible – A Case Report
Authors: Goyal Sonia , Godhi Suhas , Goyal Sandeep , Giraddi Girish
Published: July 2019

Cementifying fibromas are rare fibro-osseous lesions that affect the jawbone and that are included by Gorlin in the group of mesodermal odontogenic tumours. Four separate categories have been identified: Periapical cemental dysplasia, benign cementoblastoma, cementifying fibroma and a rare gigantiform variety. The current case is reported because of rarity of such lesions and the paucity of information concerning them in the dental literature. We believe that this case illustrates many of the clinical, radiographic and histologic features associated with cemento-ossifying tumours.
Idiopathic Unilateral Isolated Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy : A Case Report
Authors: Goel Mahesh , Agnihotri Archna
Published: July 2019

A Idiopathic isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is an extremely rare condition. Presented here is a case report of self limiting IHNP on the basis of clinical finding and criteria of exclusion as all the investigations including ultrasound were negative. The patient is on speech therapy and is being actively rehabilitated.
Biologic Width: Evaluation and Correction of its Violation
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Khuller Nitin
Published: July 2019

The concept of Biologic Width has been widely described by periodontists and restorative dentists. An adequate understanding of relationship between periodontal tissues and restorative dentistry is paramount to ensure adequate form, function and esthetics, and comfort of the dentition. While most clinicians are aware of this important relationship, uncertainty remains regarding specific concepts such as biologic width and indications and applications of surgical crown lengthening. These violations lead to complications like gingival inflammation, alveolar bone loss and improper fit of the restorative component. An attempt has been made in this article to discuss the concept of biologic width, its importance in maintaining a long term dental restoration including crown & bridge and implants, and the implications of biologic width violation. Lastly, we discuss the possible methods to assess biologic width and surgical & non-surgical corrective procedures.
Tooth Triplet: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Dutta Samir , Goenka Puneet
Published: July 2019

A rare case of fusion of two deciduous teeth with a supernumerary tooth is reported. The fused teeth were causing deviation of the path of eruption of the permanent tooth. Thus extraction was planned for them. The histological section of the extracted tooth confirmed the phenomenon of fusion. Long term follow up showed normal eruption of the permanent tooth there after.
Anaerobic Bacteria in Subjects with Chronic Periodontitis and In Periodontal Health
Authors: Mane AK , Karmarkar AP , Bharadwaj RS
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was to look at the frequency of strict anaerobic bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects without periodontal destruction. Hundred patients with chronic periodontitis and hundred healthy subjects with no clinical signs of periodontal disease were included in the study. Sterile paper points were used for sample collection from the deepest pocket site in case of periodontitis patients. The samples were cultured under anaerobic conditions and characterized to species level by conventional biochemical tests. Anaerobes were isolated in 83% of periodontitis cases and 62% of healthy subjects. Porphyromonas gingivalis (48%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (24%), Peptostreptococcus micros (23%) and Prevotella spp. (26%) were the commonest anaerobes isolated in periodontitis patients, while Peptostreptococcus micros (36%), Prevotella spp. (8%), Veillonella (10%) and Actinomyces viscosus (12%) were frequently detected in the control group. Data shows the diversity of anaerobic bacteria in chronic periodontitis.
Adult Orthodontics Versus Adolescent Orthodontics: An Overview
Authors: Bagga Dinesh K.
Published: July 2019

The scope of orthodontics has widened to include not only children and adolescents but also adults, thereby abolishing the upper age limit. With growing esthetic conscience among the society, a great number of young adults are seeking orthodontic treatment primarily for esthetic reasons. They undergo comprehensive orthodontic treatment involving major occlusal changes to get the utmost esthetically pleasing face. The older adults with poor dental conditions requiring perio-restorative treatment undergo adjunctive orthodontic treatment to attain a long-term prognosis. The orthodontist faces challenges to practice adult orthodontics due to various issues being under considerations, which are quite different than routine orthodontic treatment oriented to children and adolescents. This article highlights the difficulties and limitations faced by the orthodontist while practicing adult orthodontics with remedies to overcome them.
Pregnancy Associated Gingival Enlargement
Authors: Malhotra Ranjan , Kapoor Anoop , Grover Vishakha , Saxena Divya
Published: July 2019

In this report, we present a case of gingival enlargement related to pregnancy causing chewing, speaking, breathing and cosmetic problems. The patient was a 23-year old woman in the eighth month of her first pregnancy, with localized gingival enlargement affecting both buccal and lingual aspects of the area between right maxillary lateral incisor and canine. Hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy have long been known to be associated with generalized or localized gingival enlargements. Pregnancy does not cause the condition but altered tissue metabolism in pregnancy accentuates the response to the local irritants.
Bilateral Ameloblastic Fibroma in A 6 Year Old Child: A Unique Case
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Sood Rahul , Bansal Pankaj
Published: July 2019

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is an extremely rare true mixed benign tumour that can occur either in mandible or maxilla, but is most frequently found in the posterior region of mandible. It is usually seen in the first two decades of life and is associated with tooth enclosure, hence causing delay in eruption or altering the dental eruption sequence. AF is found during routine radiographic evaluation but is clinically and radiographically similar to Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma and odontoma, which makes an accurate diagnosis mandatory as it may change the course of treatment. There has been lot of debate regarding the treatment for AF. We describe a case of bilateral ameloblastic fibroma in the posterior region of mandible in 6 year old child which was treated by conservative curettage with admirable results.
Lasers in Periodontics: An Overview
Authors: Bains Vivek K , Bains Rhythm
Published: July 2019

Among commonly used lasers in dentistry viz CO2, Nd:YAG, Ho:YAG, Er: YAG, Er, Cr:YSGG, Nd:YAP, GaAs (diode) and argon, Er:YAG laser, at appropriate settings, possesses the best property for selective subgingival calculus removal without a thermal change of the root surface, soft tissue surgical procedures, root surface alterations, degranulation and implant surface decontamination alongwith proposed application in osseous surgery. Epithelial exclusion using CO2 laser has been suggested to retard its downward growth. Waterlase® and PeriowaveTM systems are recent devices that have further revolutionised the laser techonology for its favourable clinical applications; however, the procedural cost with the laser device still constitutes an obstacle for its routine application.
Differently Abled – A Dental Public Health Challenge
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Narayan Manu , Ingle Navin A , Saha Sabyasachi , Shivkumar Sahana
Published: July 2019

Oral health care for children and adults with disabilities is a health care area that has received scant attention. It is seen that most persons with a significant disability cannot find a professional resource to provide appropriate and necessary dental care. Lack of access to dental services for this growing segment of our population is reaching critical levels and is a national dilemma.
Nursing Caries Prevalence Among Preschool Children of Piparia Village, Vadodara, Gujarat
Authors: Malvania Ekta A , Ajith Krishnan CG
Published: July 2019

Nursing caries is a specific form of rampant caries affecting only primary dentition excluding mandibular incisors. Relative inaccessibility of the preschool children may be a practical reason for the concise research in this population.

Aim

To find out the nursing caries prevalence among the preschool children in Piparia Village, Vadodara, Gujarat.

Material and Methods

All the 80 pre school children attending anganwadi were examined with a pretested semistructured self designed closed ended questionnaire and by using dmft index.

Statistical analysis used

Chi square test & multiple logistic regression at 5% level of significance.

Results

Prevalence of nursing caries was 26.25% with mean caries experience of 1.54. Untreated decayed teeth dominated the dmft score. Statistically significant association was found between weaning at a later age, frequency of consuming snacks and development of nursing caries lesion.

Conclusion

Nursing caries is linked with various factors like educational qualification of mother, weaning age, oral hygiene measures, snacking frequency etc.
Erupting Complex Odontoma: Coronal to Impacted Second Molar Associated with Dentigerous Cyst
Authors: Santosh BS , Anuradha V , Dayanand MC
Published: July 2019

The most common odontogenic tumours are odontomas, they account for 22% of them, but there apparent eruption into oral cavity is rare. We report a rare case of erupting complex odontoma coronal to impacted second molar associated with dentigerous cyst.
Patient Consent in Dentistry: Are we Legally Safe?
Authors: Sharma Anil , Chhabra Anuj , Bopiah C
Published: July 2019

As with other walks of life the profession of dentistry saw unprecedented change during the last century. Amongst other things, litigation, which is a part of everyday life, has evolved and spread its growing influence on dentistry. Though the litigation and claims are prevalent in almost all countries however, the western countries have been at the forefront of Dental negligence claims. In a way, it is a sign of an informed and mature society.

Dentistry in India has been relatively immune to the effects of litigation against dental professionals for a multitude of reasons. But its will not be long before it envelops every aspect of dentistry in India. Dental legislation has its pros and cons; it serves to be a system, which protects patients as well as professionals, but as with other spheres of law, will be subjected to abuse. This article attempts to address the core issue of patient consent, which is where the majority of dental negligence claims arise.
Timing of Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Prasad P Narayana , Phull Tarun Singh , Dabla Neetu
Published: July 2019

In providing orthodontic care for paediatric patients, clinicians often questions whether to begin treatment early-during the primary or early-transitional dentition-or wait until all or most of the permanent teeth are present. A comprehensive knowledge is necessary for planning the implementation of preventive therapy or the choice for interception is left. Early orthodontic treatment is effective and desirable in specific situations. The early treatment eliminates noxious habits, re-orientates dental-maxillary development and compensates for the structural discrepancy between teeth and bone. This leads to a timely correction of defects, which could have a negative aesthetic impact, therefore, contributing effectively to a better harmonization of the child with the human environment where he lives, and improving his feelings of acceptance within it. However, the evidence is equally compelling that such an approach is not indicated in many cases for which later, single-phase treatment is more effective. Therefore, clinicians must decide, on a case-by-case basis, when to provide orthodontic treatment.
Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis of Mandible Masquerading Periapical Pathology
Authors: Goel Parul , Gupta Veena , Narwal Anjali , Duhan Jigyasa
Published: July 2019

Actinomycosis is an infectious disease characterized by chronic granulomatous and suppurative lesions often caused by Actinomyces group. Actinomycosis has been referred to as the chameleon of head and neck pathology because of its varied clinical picture which can resemble various pathologies ranging from benign infection to metastatic tumour. Nowadays, the diagnosis of the same may be difficult because the number of patients with typical symptoms has decreased, and there is a low success rate in culturing the microorganism. Mandibular osteomyelitis is also underappreciated by many clinicians in their assessment of head and neck infections. Most cases are traced to an odontogenic source, with periapical tooth abscess and posttraumatic or surgical complication as key antecedent events.

A case of osteomyelitis of mandible initiated from a vital but peridontally compromised tooth is reported. Radiography of this case revealed bone destruction, and H & E of the biopsied tissue showed branching filaments resembling ray fungus.
Use of Probiotics For Oral Health
Authors: Puri Mahijeet Singh , Grover H.S. , Puri Navgeet , Dewan Akshi
Published: July 2019

The term “probiotic” was first used in 1965, by Lilly and Stillwell, to describe substances secreted by one organism which stimulate the growth of another. The number of products containing probiotics, viable bacteria with proven health benefits, entering the market is increasing. The use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive therapy and irradiation, amongst other means of treatment, may cause alterations in the composition and have an effect on the GIT flora. Therefore, the introduction of beneficial bacterial species to GI tract may be a very attractive option to re-establish the microbial equilibrium and prevent disease. Traditionally, probiotics have been associated with gut health, and most clinical interest has been focused on their use for prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal infections and diseases; however, during the last decade several investigators have also suggested the use of probiotics for oral health purposes.
Genetics and Aggressive Periodontal Disease: An Update Review
Authors: Bali Deepika , Pandit Nymphea , Kathuria Rouble , Bali Amit
Published: July 2019

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of supporting tissues of teeth, for which several risk and susceptibility factors are proposed. Periodontal disease results when balance between host factors and etiologic agents is disrupted. Bacteria have a primary role in the initiation of periodontal disease, and a range of host related factors influence the clinical presentation and rate of progression of disease. Genetic variations that modify immunological reactions identify the disease susceptibility in various individuals. Many studies have proved the effect of various single or composite nucleotide polymorphisms to susceptibility, progression or severity of periodontal diseases. Despite these studies, association between periodontal disease and candidate genes is still not clear. The reports of familial nature of chronic periodontitis are less frequent as compared to aggressive periodontitis. The striking familial aggregation of trait in aggressive periodontitis is consistent with significant genetic etiology. In this paper, an attempt has been made to summarize recent views on various genes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of aggressive periodontal disease. Data were identified by searches of the Medline, and Pubmed. Articles published in English were selected, and most up-to-date or relevant references were chosen.
Pediatric Implants - A Clinical Dilemma
Authors: Agarwal Nidhi , Godhi Brinda S.
Published: July 2019

There are many diseases such as ectodermal dysplasia or oligodontia that lead to complete or partial anodontia in small children. Traumatic injuries commonly result in loss of one or more teeth in children . Such cases are usually rehabilitated by removable prosthesis which have to be refabricated from time to time to incorporate changes due to growth. Thus, it would be desirable to restore the dentition by means of implants in growing children. For this purpose it is important for a clinician to understand the amount and direction of the impending growth in a young child and how it is going to influence the ultimate position of the placed implant in the arch. This review paper focuses on the dilemma of when and where it could be possible to place implants for the growing child.
Dentition Status and Treatment Needs of 5 and 12 Year Old School Children in Urban and Rural Areas of Guntur, India
Authors: Suresh S , Rao V Narayana , Ahmed Zaheer , KVNR Pratap
Published: July 2019

Objective

To describe the caries prevalence and treatment needs of 5 and 12 year old school children in urban and rural areas of Guntur.

Materials and Methods

A multi stage random sampling was used to select the sample; survey was conducted among 800 children of 5 and 12 year old in government and private schools from rural and urban areas of Guntur.

Results

The caries prevalence of 5 year olds was 33.25% (urban 32.5% and; rural 34%) and mean dmft was 0.83±1.5 (urban 0.71 and rural 0.95). The caries prevalence of 12 year olds was 25.75% (urban 31.5% and rural 20%) and mean dmft was0.41±0.89 (urban 0.54 and rural 0.28).

Conclusion

Caries prevalence was greater in deciduous teeth of 5 year old children than that in permanent dentition of 12 year old children. Among 12 year olds caries prevalence was greater in urban subjects than rural subjects. There is a huge unmet treatment need for dental caries. There is a definite need to bring awareness and motivation in these children to undergo preventive and curative treatments in order to improve their oral health.
Prevalence of Dental Caries Among 3-15 Year Old School Children in Ghaziabad City and its Adjoining Areas - A Correlated Survey
Authors: Aggarwal Archana , Khatri Shweta , Singh Ashish K
Published: July 2019

Objective

The study was conducted for the first time in Ghaziabad city and its adjoining areas to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries in 3-15 year old children in the area and to know the effect of age, socioeconomic status, diet, oral hygiene practices and attitude towards dental awareness to caries prevalence and severity in different dentitions.

Material & Methods

1500 children, 500 each from primary, mixed and permanent dentition were examined using WHO 1997 guidelines. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed.

Results

The overall caries prevalence in 3-15 year old population in Ghaziabad city and adjoining areas determined was 51.46%.

Conclusion

It was also seen that attitude towards age, dental awareness and socioeconomic status were significantly related to caries prevalence and severity in different dentitions and the global goal of oral health by 2000 has been achieved by this population.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair of Perforated Internal Resorption: A Case Report
Authors: Upadhyay Yogesh
Published: July 2019

Internal root resorption is an unusual condition of a tooth when the dentin and pulpal walls begin to resorb centrally within the root canal.

A case of internal resorption with buccal perforation was found in a maxillary central incisor. As there was extensive lesion and continuous exudation,envelope flap surgerywas suggested. The apical third was obturated with gutta-percha, and the perforated lesion was repaired with mineral trioxide aggregate. Thermo plasticized gutta-percha was filled in the residual canal space and composite resin was used to restore the coronal cavity. The symptoms and signs ceased, and the results were satisfactory at 2-year follow-up.
Estimating the pH of Commercially Available Dentifrices and Evaluating its Effect on Salivary pH After Brushing
Authors: Gulati P , Dhingra S , Chand S , LNU Swatika
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to estimate the pH of commercially available dentifrices and evaluating its effect on salivary pH after brushing

Material and Methods

60 study subjects were selected and were divided into 12 groups (each group comprises of 5 subjects). The salivary pH was directly estimated using the digital pH meter calibrated using buffers of pH 4, 7 and 22. Paired t test was used to compare the changes in the mean salivary pH after brushing in each group. One way ANOVA and Tukey's test was used to compare the changes in mean salivary pH after brushing between different groups.

Results

pH of different types of commercially available dentifrices which were used in the study was found to be 8.4, 7.9, 7.9, 6.7, 7.2, 8.3, 8.4, 7.1, 6.5, 5.6, 8.2 and 6.5 respectively. Difference in mean salivary pH after brushing was found to be statistically significant for Colgate, Neem active group, Vicco, Triguard, Colgate active salt, Dabur meswak, Dabur babool, Close-up active gel, RA Thermoseal, Dabur lal dant manjan, Colgate powder groups. Mean salivary pH (before and after brushing) between study groups showed a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion

The pH of saliva increases after brushing in each commercially available dentifrice group.
The Study of Cariogenicity of Raw Sugarcane in 12-year-old Children in Punjab, India
Authors: Singh A , Bhatia HP , Grover H
Published: July 2019

There is laboratory evidence that refined carbohydrates are more cariogenic compared with unrefined carbohydrates. It was reported that sugarcane workers in South Africa, who consumed large quantities of raw sugarcane daily, had a low caries experience. However, other epidemiologic studies of this relationship, both in Africa and elsewhere, have given mixed results and to date the question concerning the cariogenicity of raw sugarcane remains equivocal.

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to investigate further the hypothesis that children who reside in a sugarcane growing region have a lower caries experience than those residing in an otherwise comparable environment outside of the sugarcane growing region.

Method

A total of 404 Children aged 12 years were selected from government run schools in both sugarcane region which was close to the town of Mehta and non-sugarcane region which was close to attari in Amritsar district in the state of Punjab, India, and were given consent to participate in the survey. Data on the eating habits of the children were obtained by questionnaire and caries experience was determined during a clinical examination. The drinking water in both regions contained fluoride at less than 0.5 ppm.

Results

The mean DMFT scores for the sugarcane and non-sugarcane groups were 0.41 and 0.70, respectively (p<0.002). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors for a caries experience, residence area alone was the sole significant predictor of experiencing one or more DMFT. Children residing in the sugarcane growing region were 49% less likely to have decayed teeth (OR=0.51; 95%CI= 0.33, 0.78).

Conclusion

The null hypothesis is rejected; the results of this study support the hypothesis that the chewing of raw sugarcane is associated with reduced dental caries experience.
Self-care Behaviors for Orofacial Pain Among Different Racial/Ethnic Groups: Influences of Acculturation and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Gibson E , Riley JL
Published: July 2019

AIM

The aim of this study was to test the influence of acculturation and socioeconomic status on orofacial pain self-care across race/ethnicity stratified by sex among South Florida residents, using a sample of residents of Miami-Dade and Broward counties in Florida.

METHODOLOGY

This study reports data on respondents who self-endorsed their race and ethnicity as Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, or non-Hispanic Black and reported tooth pain (n=1,767) or jaw joint/face pain (n=1,199). Acculturation was associated with self-care use for pain among Whites and Hispanics. Socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with several self-care behaviors and was most predictive among White women. Acculturation towards other ethnic groups led to differential self-care use dependent on the type of self-care, pain condition, and ethnicity.

RESULTS

Black and Hispanic women were greater users of self-care for orofacial pain than other sex/ethnicities.

CONCLUSION

The associations between SES and self-care were stronger in White women than in Black and Hispanic women.
Saliva: A Miraculous Biofluid for Early Detection of Disease
Authors: Yadav NS , Singh A , Saxena V , Juneja V , Tiwari V , Santha B
Published: July 2019

Saliva, a multi constituent oral fluid has high potential for the surveillance of general health and disease. To reach the above goal through saliva based diagnostics, two requisites must be fulfilled as discovering biomarker for different diseases among the complicated components of saliva and advancing sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers through persistent development of technologies with collective efforts over several years. Saliva has been demonstrated to be a promising bodily fluid for early diagnosis of disease and salivary diagnostics has exhibited tremendous potential in clinical applications. This review presents an impression of the value of saliva as a credible diagnostic tool, the innovation of salivary biomarkers and development of salivary diagnostics in the future.
MTA : Boon to Apexification
Authors: Kaur H , Chaudhary S , Tangde P
Published: July 2019

A significant problem associated with the endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with open apices is achieving an acceptable seal in the apical area to allow compaction of root filling material. The procedure to create an apical barrier with a hard tissue at the root end is termed as Apexification. Calcium hydroxide is currently the most accepted material for the same. Because of the certain inadequacies associated with Calcium hydroxide Apexification, employing of an apical plug using MTA (Mineral Trioxide aggregate) has gained popularity in recent years. This article is thus an insight to the evolution and recent trends in Apexification.
Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Needs Among 12 and 15 Years Old Rural School Children in Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu
Authors: Ingle NA , Hemapriya S , Chaly PE , Reddy VC
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Oral health care in rural areas is limited due to shortage of dental manpower, financial constraints and the lack of perceived need for dental care among rural masses.

Aim and Objectives

To assess malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12 and 15 years old rural school children in Kancheepuram district.

Materials and Methods

Multistage random sampling methodology was employed for the selection of blocks, village panchayats, schools and school children. The final sample size of the study is 1000 which included 500 children from 12 years and 500 from 15 years. The malocclusion was recorded using Dental Aesthetic Index.

Results

The overall prevalence of malocclusion among both the age groups was 75%. The mean DAI score among the 12 years was 29.1 ± 6.02 and among the 15 years was 28.2 ± 5.45 respectively.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that there is high prevalence of malocclusion among the rural school children.
Priority of Prosthodontic Need Assessment: Functional vs Other Quality of Life Needs – A Quality of Life Assessment Using APS-ARG QOL(DS) – A Pilot Project
Authors: Arora V , Nath DK , Bagchi G , Nath M , Kahar B , Gaunkar RB
Published: July 2019

Objective

Restoration of functional ability is the topmost priority on the mind of a prosthodontist, however, functional restoration alone does not fulfil the treatment needs of a patient.

Material & Method

A 20-item scale for understanding quality of life related to prosthodontic treatment needs was tested for internal consistency and usefulness in understanding the priorities of treatment needs of patients. The scale was administered to 30 patients, mostly in the elderly age group (Mean age 59.43±10.28 years) seeking prosthodontic rehabilitation at Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Barabanki (U.P.), India. On testing the internal consistency of the scale, it was found to be reliable (Cronbach alpha 0.711).

Result

Though functional needs emerged as the topmost priority for patients yet emotional needs were found to be as much important while social needs and financial needs occupied the lower tiers on the hierarchy of treatment needs. The differences in relative importance of different dimensions were well explained and were found to be logical.

Conclusion

The scale was found to be a useful utility in quantification of prosthodontic need and in order to understand the prosthodontic need beyond considerations of fulfilment of functional disability alone.
Autotransplantation of Tooth in Children with Mixed Dentition
Authors: Abu-Hussein M , Azz Abdulgani , Bajali M
Published: July 2019

Autotransplantation of tooth in children is the surgical movement of a tooth from one place in the mouth to another in the similar individual. Once thought to be uncertain, Autotransplantation has achieved high success rates and is an outstanding option for tooth replacement in children. Although the indications for autotransplantation are narrow, careful patient assortment coupled with a suitable method can lead to exceptional esthetic and useful results. One benefit of this procedure is that placement of an implant-supported prosthesis or other form of prosthetic tooth replacement is not needed. A review of the recommended surgical technique as well as success rates is also discussed.
Geriatric Dentistry: A Review
Authors: Chaudhary A , Ingle NA , Kaur N , Dhankar K
Published: July 2019

Education in geriatric medicine is in its infancy in India and geriatric dentistry is nonexistent. Poor oral health is linked to serious systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Edentulousness and paucity of prosthodontic rehabilitation prevent the elderly from choosing food that they like and deny them the pleasure of eating, which is essential for a feeling of wellbeing. Oral mucosal diseases and lesions are common in elderly people. Many older adults have pigmented and benign soft-tissue and hard-tissue conditions. Lichenoid mucosal lesions can also be caused by a variety of medications commonly prescribed in older patients. The prevalence of leukoplakia and lichen planus in older people ranges from 1.0 to 4.8% and 1.1 to 6.6%, respectively. Fifty percent of zoster patients over 60 years of age will develop postherpetic neuralgia that may persist for months or even years. Root surface caries result from an age-related condition that develops on cementum following gingival recession or as an extension of existing coronal caries onto the root surface coronal caries are also quite prevalent among older persons. A recent survey of 65-74-year-old in Madagascar observed that the mean number of DMFT was 20.2. In China, second national oral health survey revealed that the mean number of decayed and filled teeth was 2.5 at old age, and study in India confirmed this figure observed in China, the mean number of decayed teeth being 2.5. Denture stomatitis is a common oral mucosal lesion of clinical importance in old-age populations. The prevalence rate of stomatitis is reported within the range of 11-67% in complete denture wearers. Other major denture-related lesions include denture hyperplasia and traumatic ulcer; their prevalence rates in old-age denture wearers range from 4 to 26%.
Labially Positioned Rudimentary Mesiodens – A Case Report
Authors: Kayalvizhi G , Tayab T
Published: July 2019

This is a case report that describes a labially positioned rudimentary mesiodens in between the fully erupted maxillary central incisors in a 10-year-old girl. It was partially erupted in the oral cavity, without causing malocclusion or displacement of adjacent teeth. The clinical and radiographic appearance and therapeutic considerations are presented. The diverse modes of presentation of this common dental anomaly are described in this case report to alert the clinician.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation for Patients with Maxillectomy – A Case Report
Authors: Madhumathi V , RaghavendraSwamy KN , Gujjari AK , Ravi MB , LNU Ganesh
Published: July 2019

Fabrication of obturator for maxillectomy patient is not a easy task due to lack of anatomic structures required for support, retention and stability of the prosthesis. This clinical report describes the Prosthodontic management of patient operated for tumour. The technique described in this article to fabricate the hollow obturator is a variation of other well-known techniques, it can be fabricated in single day with very simple and easily available materials even in a very small dental setup like public health center or a satellite clinic.
An Insight into the Role of Benefical Bacteria in Periodontal Pocket Recolonization: A Literature Review
Authors: Apoorva SM , Suchetha A , Mundinamane DB , Bhopale DP , Bharwani A , Prasad R
Published: July 2019

Microflora can be found in both caries-free and periodontitis-free people and caries-affected and periodontitis-affected people, and many clinical studies reveal that the portion of certain bacterial species such as Streptococcus mutans or Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively, is increased in patients with caries or periodontitis. Therefore, it seems that the competition that results between beneficial bacteria and virulent bacteria leads to either a healthy or sick status of human beings. Competition between members of the dental microflora and there role in pocket recolonization is very complex and many antagonistic characteristics can be observed from competition for initial attachment on tooth surfaces or for later attachment to pioneer bacteria, competition from bacteriocins or hydrogen peroxide secreted and from facilitating the growth of some species which inhibit other species. To date only some of the details of these mechanisms are known. The present review will provide an overview on the prevalence of beneficial bacteria and the major mechanisms of oral bacterial interactions. Due to the large number of oral bacterial species, only the best characterized species are included in this review.
Reflection Over Doctor Patient Relationship: A Promise of Trust
Authors: Prasad S , Dhingra C , Anand R
Published: July 2019

The doctor patient relationship is of primary importance in the overall health care delivery model. It is a unique relationship which depends on trust and confidence between the parties for the provision of care. Establishing a doctor/patient relationship may take place formally in the office setting or informally, such as by giving verbal advice in a social setting. Doctors enter into a doctor-patient relationship with a commitment to provide their patients with quality service. Patients are entitled to be treated with respect and without discrimination during all stages of the doctor patient relationship, even if the relationship faces termination. However, when circumstances affect the doctors ability to achieve this, the doctors may decide to end the doctors patient relationship.
Antimicrobial Effect of Honey on Streptococcus Mutans of Dental Plaque
Authors: Yadav NR , Garla BK , Reddy VK , Tandon S , Prasad S
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Dental plaque consists of various pathogenic microorganisms like streptococcus mutans. Since ancient times it has been proved that honey has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antimutagenic and antitumour effect. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of honey on streptococcus mutans count before and after application of honey at a definite time interval.

Material and Method

The antimicrobial effect of Honey (Dabur honey, Dabur India) was tested on 20 volunteers from SGT Dental College who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Plaque samples were collected from 6 teeth of all 20 individuals at baseline. Then, after 2 hours honey was applied with cotton applicator using paint on technique. After one hour of application, plaque samples were collected again from the same teeth. All the collected plaque samples were cultured on MSA agar plates and colonies were counted.

Results

Paired T test was applied to compare the mean bacterial count before and after application. After honey application, it was observed that the colony count of streptococcus mutans was reduced in significant amount. Conclusion - It was concluded from the study that honey has antimicrobial effect on streptococcus mutans.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Personal Protective Measures Adapted by Dental Practitioners in Agra City - A Cross Infection Control Measure
Authors: Gupta R , Ingle NA , Kaur N , Dubey HV , Ingle E
Published: July 2019

Introduction

CDC (Center for Disease Control & prevention), who proposed Universal Precautions, states that “Treat each patient as potentially risk”. Therefore, it is our basic responsibility to control the spread of such devastating diseases by following infection control measures.

Aims & Objectives

To assess the various personal protective measures adapted by dental practitioners in Agra city and to know how many dentists are vaccinated against Hepatitis B for prevention of the spread of this disease.

Materials and Methods

The study included response using questionnaire from 150 dental practitioners from Agra city, chosen by random sampling. Questions were related to their personal protective measures employed by the dental practitioners and information about their prophylaxis against Hepatitis B was also obtained.

Results

Among the dental practitioners, 80% were males. Approximately 82% of the dental practitioners were vaccinated against HBV. Only 6% followed the CDC recommendations for hand washing practices, and about 64% dental practitioners gave wrong answers related to droplet infection.

Conclusion

Lack of awareness regarding universal precautions proposed by CDC is observed among dental practitioners. There is a great need for creating awareness among dental practitioners.
Prevalence of Tooth Loss in A Community in The South-West of Nigeria
Authors: Oremosu OA , Uti OG
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and prevalence of tooth loss amongst community dwelling adults in a suburban area of Lagos.

Methods

A questionnaire based study was carried out in a community in Lagos, Nigeria. Causes, pattern and factors affecting tooth loss were elucidated.

Result

Prevalence of adults with at least one missing tooth was 33.6%. More than half (64.1%) of the respondents had lost their teeth for more than 5 years. Tooth loss (42.3%) was more in the lower posterior region. There was a significant association of tooth loss to increasing age, previous visit to the dentist and gender. The males had 38.7% tooth loss in the anterior region while females had more tooth loss in the posterior region.

Conclusion

Prevalence of tooth loss was high. Tooth loss was more in the males. A higher percentage of tooth loss was found amongst the elderly.
Management Procedures Pain Used by Dental and Maxillofacial Surgeons: An Investigation With Special Regard To Odontalgia
Authors: Upadhyay Y
Published: July 2019

Background

Little is known about the procedures used by indian dental and maxillofacial surgeons treating patients suffering from chronic orofacial pain (COP). This study aimed to evaluate the ambulatory management of COP.

Methods

Using a standardized questionnaire we collected data of dental and maxillofacial surgeons treating patients with COP. Therapists described variables as patients’ demographics, chronic pain disorders and their aetiologies, own diagnostic and treatment principles during a period of 3 months.

Results

Although only 14.5% of the 520 addressed therapists returned completely evaluable questionnaires, 985 patients with COP could be identified. An orofacial pain syndrome named atypical odontalgia (16.0 %) was frequent. Although those patients revealed signs of chronification, pain therapists were rarely involved (12.5%). For assessing pain the use of Analogue Scales (7%) orinterventional diagnostics (4.6%) was uncommon. Despite the fact that surgical procedures are cofactors of COP therapists preferred further surgery (41.9%) and neglected the prescription of analgesics (15.7%). However, most therapists self-evaluated the efficacy of their pain management as good (69.7 %).

Conclusion

Often ambulatory dental and maxillofacial surgeons do not follow guidelines for COP management despite a high prevalence of severe orofacial pain syndromes.