bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining PDO Threads with Exosomes for Microlifting
Authors: Irvine Duncan Diane
Published: April 2020

A recent survey of practicing plastic surgeons showed that regenerative medicine is the current top interest of esthetic consumers worldwide. Patients are frequently requesting correction of small regions, instead of opting for an all-encompassing procedure associated with prolonged recovery time. Thus, the field of “microlifting” has emerged. This is a new approach in which minimally invasive procedures can be utilized to accomplish outcomes formerly reserved for traditional surgery. The combination of polydioxanone (PDO) threads and topical exosomes is a method of treating both underlying soft tissue laxity and the surface of aging skin. The application of exosomes can deliver topical growth factors and targeted peptides to assist in rapid skin surface healing. More than a simple delivery vesicle, exosomes communicate with cells at the recipient site and can induce cellular change. PDO threads can be used subcutaneously as both a suspension device and regenerative biostimulatory device. Usually resorbed at 6 months post-insertion, these threads leave behind a linear network of collagen and elastin fibers that remains long after the polydioxanone is gone. Combination therapies can target several concerns when performed simultaneously. This regenerative method is well accepted by patients due to minimal cost and recovery time.
Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction in the Minimally Invasive Era
Authors: Krielen Pepijn , W. J. Stommel Martijn , P. G. ten Broek Richard , van Goor Harry
Published: April 2020

Roughly 60% of all cases of small bowel obstruction are caused by adhesions. Adhesions are a form of internal scar tissue, which develop in over 45–93% of patients who undergo abdominal surgery. With this relatively high incidence, the population at risk for adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is enormous. Minimally invasive surgery reduces surgical wound surface and thus holds promise to reduce adhesion formation. The use of minimally invasive techniques results in a 50% reduction of adhesion formation as compared to open surgery. However, since ASBO can be caused by just a single adhesive band, it is uncertain whether a reduction in adhesion formation will also lead to a proportional decrease in the incidence of ASBO. Minimally invasive surgery might also improve operative treatment of ASBO, accelerating gastro-intestinal recovery time and lowering the risk of recurrent ASBO associated with adhesion reformation. We will discuss recent evidence on the impact of minimally invasive surgery on the incidence of ASBO and the role of minimally invasive surgery to resolve ASBO. Finally, we will debate additional measures, such as the use of adhesion barriers, to prevent adhesion formation and adhesion-related morbidity in the minimally invasive era.
Synthesis and Properties of Fluorinated Polyimides from Rigid and Twisted Bis(Trifluoromethyl)Benzidine for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Dal Kim Sun , Byun Taejoon , Kim Jin , Sik Chung Im , Youl Kim Sang
Published: April 2020

Fluorinated polyimides were prepared from the twisted benzidine monomer containing two trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups on one aromatic ring. The diamine monomer having a rigid and nonplanar structure was polymerized with typical dianhydride monomers including BPDA, BTDA, ODPA, 6-FDA, and PMDA, to obtain the corresponding polyimides. Most polyimides are soluble in organic solvents due to their twisted chain structure and can be solution cast into flexible and tough films. These films have a UV-vis absorption cut-off wavelength at 354–398 nm and a light transparency of 34–90% at a wavelength of 550 nm. They also have tensile strengths of 92–145 MPa and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of 6.8–63.1 ppm/°C. The polymers exhibited high thermal stability with 5% weight loss at temperatures ranging from 535 to 605°C in nitrogen and from 523 to 594°C in air, and high glass temperature (Tg) values in the range of 345–366°C. Interestingly, some of the soluble polyimides showed thermo-responsive behaviors in organic solvents presumably due to the multiple hydrogen bondings with unsymmetrically positioned two CF3 groups along the polymer chains.
Machine Health Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis Techniques Review in Industrial Power-Line Network
Authors: Altaf Saud , Ahmad Shafiq
Published: April 2020

The machinery arrangements in industrial environment normally consist of motors of diverse sizes and specifications that are provided power and connected with common power-bus. The power-line could be act as a good source for travelling the signal through power-line network and this can be leave a faulty symptom while inspection of motors. This influence on other neighbouring motors with noisy signal that may present some type of fault condition in healthy motors. Further intricacy arises when this type of signal is propagated on power-line network by motors at different slip speeds, power rating and many faulty motors within the network. This sort of convolution and diversification of signals from multiple motors makes it challenging to measure and accurately relate to a certain motor or specific fault. This chapter presents a critical literature review analysis on machine-fault diagnosis and its related topics. The review covers a wide range of recent literature in this problem domain. A significant related research development and contribution of different areas regarding fault diagnosis and traceability within power-line networks will be discussed in detail throughout this chapter.
Of Animal and Men: The Importance of Animal Environment to Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Approach
Authors: Moreira Soares de Souza Miliane , Marcos Rocha-de-Souza Cláudio , Araújo de Melo Dayanne , Couto da Motta Cássia , Loureiro Pimenta Ramon , da Silva Coelho Irene , de Mattos de Oliveira Coelho Shana
Published: April 2020

The contribution of the animal environments to the worsening of the global antimicrobial resistance framework is related to the use of antimicrobials in subtherapeutic doses and, for long periods, establishing ideal conditions for the circulation of resistance genes, which can be transmitted to pathogens adapted to the human microbiota. The study of the animal environment as conducive to the acceleration of resistance evolution is an emerging and critical area for understanding the development and dissemination of resistance genes among the circulating bacteria. The connection between people, animals, and the environment allows us to consider antimicrobial resistance in an approach within the “One Health” concept, which provides a global strategy for expanding collaboration and interdisciplinary communication. This chapter will highlight the emergence of colistin resistance, a great challenge in antimicrobial resistance field. Also, it will focus on some agents included in the priority list of superbugs of the World Health Organization (WHO) or correlated species already identified in veterinary medicine, such as the critical superbugs; priority level 1, Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ESBL-producing Carbapenemic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; and the high-priority, level 2, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
The genus Afrosyrphus Curran (Diptera, Syrphidae), with a description of a new species
Authors: Mengual Ximo , Ssymank Axel , Skevington Jeffrey H. , Reemer Menno , Ståhls Gunilla
Published: April 2020

The flower fly genus Afrosyrphus Curran, 1927 (Diptera, Syrphidae) is revised and a new species, Afrosyrphus schmuttereri sp. nov., from Kenya and Uganda is described. Diagnoses, illustrations, DNA barcodes and known distributional data are provided for the two species of this genus, as well as an identification key. A critical review of the published literature is also provided.
Teacher Noticing of Mathematical Thinking in Young Children’s Representations of Counting
Authors: Anantharajan Madhuvanti
Published: April 2020

Counting is fundamental to early mathematics. Most studies of teaching counting focus on teachers observing children count. The present study compares mathematical ideas that 12 PK, transitional kindergarten (TK), and kindergarten teachers noticed from observing their own students count during a classroom session of Counting Collections with ideas that they noticed outside class time in the same students’ representations of counting on paper. Inviting teacher noticing in representations (a) drew attention to distinct conceptions that children required to represent counting; (b) increased the number of mathematical ideas that participants perceived in students’ thinking; and (c) helped participants perceive different levels in, and their own uncertainties about, students’ understanding. This study suggests that teacher noticing in children’s representations of counting can deepen teachers’ understanding of students’ mathematical thinking.
Social Media Live Streaming (SMLS) en medios digitales: el uso de Periscope, Facebook Live y YouTube Live en cibermedios chilenos
Authors: Apablaza-Campos Alexis , Morales Vargas Alejandro , Lopezosa Carlos , Salvat Josep , Codina Lluís
Published: April 2020

El Social Media Live Streaming (SMLS) es una nueva forma de emisión de vídeos interactivos en directo que utiliza redes sociales específicas, como Periscope, o bien funcionalidades de redes sociales generalistas, como Facebook o YouTube. El SMLS presenta un gran potencial para medios de comunicación porque su carácter interactivo, además de proporcionar datos directos de recepción, puede mejorar el engagement con sus públicos.En este trabajo se presenta una caracterización del SMLS desde el punto de vista de su uso periodístico. Además, se presenta un estudio de caso llevado a cabo sobre el uso del SMLS por parte de medios chilenos durante la cobertura del 30º aniversario del Plebiscito Nacional de 1988, considerado el punto de arranque de la recuperación de la democracia.En concreto, se estudia el uso de Periscope/Twitter, Facebook Live y YouTube Live en los siguientes medios Teletrece, La Tercera, TVN 24 Horas, CNN Chile, Ahora Noticias, Cooperativa y Publimetro Chile. Los resultados, además de aportar datos concretos de un uso periodístico altamente significativo de este tipo de publicaciones, confirman la importancia que el SMLS puede tener en el futuro de los cibermedios como un formato adicional que otorgue mayor visibilidad a la cobertura de hechos noticiosos.
Estéticas activistas: cultura mediática y resonancia en las movilizaciones contemporáneas
Authors: Flores-Márquez Dorismilda
Published: April 2020

En los años recientes hemos visto la circulación de símbolos comunes en distintas movilizaciones alrededor del mundo, tal es el caso de la máscara de V for Vendetta, los disfraces de personajes de Star Wars o The Handmaid’s Tale o el performance de “Un violador en tu camino”. Este artículo presenta una reflexión teórica sobre la presencia de elementos de la cultura mediática en el activismo, mediante la apropiación y la creación de símbolos. A la luz de estas manifestaciones, se propone una revisión de los conceptos de cultura mediática, resonancia, expresión pública y estéticas activistas, así como sus articulaciones. Esto contribuye a la comprensión de la dimensión simbólica del activismo en la era global.
‘Aquelarre. La emancipación de las mujeres en la cultura de masas’
Authors: Fernández-Rovira Cristina
Published: April 2020

El libro Aquelarre. La emancipación de las mujeres en la cultura de masas, coordinado por Irene Liberia Vayá y Bianca Sánchez-Gutiérrez, reúne a doce autoras para desgranar, en diez capítulos, la situación de las mujeres en los principales ámbitos del vasto mundo de la comunicación. La cuidada edición de Advook incluye sugerentes imágenes que acompañan a los textos desde la misma portada y que invitan a reflexionar desde una óptica crítica acerca del feminismo.
Семья, детство, начало пути в науку, "Природа"
Authors: Богатов В.В.
Published: April 2020

Всегда интересно узнавать, с чего начиналась жизнь выдающихся людей, где истоки их дарований, почему и как удалось им так много свершить. Поэтому так ценна информация о родных и близких Владимира Леонтьевича Комарова, о детстве и молодости известного ботаника, члена-корреспондента (1914) и академика (1920), вице президента (1930-1936) и президента (1936-1945) АН СССР, Героя Социалистического Труда (1943), президента Всесоюзного ботанического общества (с 1930 г.) и почетного президента Географического общества СССР (с 1940 г.).
Effect of Microclimate on Yield and Quality Attributes of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) under Open Field and Polyhouse Conditions
Authors: . Chandni , Singh Deepti , Akhtar Shirin , Dutta Swaraj Kumar
Published: April 2020

Cherry tomatoes are usually cultivated under greenhouse which is out of the reach of the marginal farmers. Due to unavailability of microclimatic and biochemical data in cherry tomato, meagre yield is obtained at open field conditions. Since the microclimatic factors and growing environment have immense influence on yield and quality attributes of any crop, this experiment was aimed to study the correlation of microclimate with the yield and quality contributing traits of eighteen genetically diverse genotypes of cherry tomato at open field trained on trellis and under naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions. In the given study, under open conditions, mean canopy temperature in morning at 7 a.m. (15.3-19.4°C) showed highly significant positive correlation with total yield, whereas total yield possessed highly significant negative association with the mean mid-day (12 noon) canopy temperature and mean mid-day soil temperature above 25°C. In poly house condition, total yield reflected significant negative correlation with morning mean canopy temperature (24.6°C) and mid-day mean canopy temperature (25.8-26°C), whereas total yield was negatively correlated with morning and mid-day mean soil temperature when the temperature was above 20.7°C. Among biochemical parameters, lycopene and beta-carotene content increased with mean canopy temperature at 19.5°C and further decreased above 21.5°C, however TSS increased with increase in mean canopy temperature from 15 to 25°C and decreased beyond 30°C temperature.
Water Resource Management and Sustainability in Kipkelion West Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Doreen Chepngetich , Anne Sitienei , Andrew Kiplagat
Published: April 2020

Indisputably, water is an important resource. On the other hand, sustainable water resource management forms part of the key global development concerns. The present study, therefore, sought to establish sustainable measures used in the management of water resources in Kipkelion West Sub-County, Kenya. The descriptive research design was used in this study. A total of 394 households were surveyed together with interviewing 10 key informants within Kipkelion West Sub-County. The descriptive research design was used in this study. Findings from the present study revealed that for, household use, most residents sourced their water from rivers and streams at 35%, rainwater collection at 25%, springs at 22%, piped water at 11%, water vendors and boreholes at 3% and finally ponds and dams sharing 1%. In addition, most households do not incur any direct financial charges when sourcing for water. It was further pinpointed that negative indicators affected the sustainability of the water resources in Kipkelion West Sub-County and the manner in which the residents manage the available resources. Taken together, stakeholders in water resource management work independent of each other with occasional collective efforts.
Effect of Natural, Organic and Inorganic Farming Methods on Microorganisms and Enzymes Activity of Maize Rhizosphere
Authors: Vinay G. , Padmaja B. , Reddy M. Malla , Jayasree G. , Triveni S.
Published: April 2020

Continuous use of fertilizers decreasing the biological activity of the soil. Fertile soils teem with microorganisms, which directly contribute to the biological fertility of the soil. Microorganisms are responsible for the availability of nutrients to the plants which are already exist in the soil. Hence, the present study focused on to investigate the effect of natural farming on soil microorganisms and enzymes activity of maize rhizospherein comparison with inorganic and organic farming during the autumn season of 2016-17 at Agricultural College, Jagtial. The results of the investigation revealed that the population of microbes (bacteria and fungi) at 30, 60 Days After Sowing (DAS) and harvest was unaffected by variety (Aswini) or hybrid (DHM 117). But, among the different farming methods, organic farming recorded higher bacterial (19, 29 and 22.5 x 10-7 CFU{Colony Forming Unit} g-1 dry soil) and fungi (8.25, 14.67 and 10.25 x 10-5 CFU g-1 dry soil) population at 30, 60 DAS and harvest stage respectively and significantly superior to inorganic and natural methods. The microbial population in inorganic method was inferior to that in absolute control similar to microbial population, highest urease activity was recorded in organic method at 30, 60 DAS and harvest (52.92, 68.33 and 33.25 µg NH4+ g-1 2 h-1, respectively) and it was superior to inorganic and natural farming which were at a par with each other. Significantly higher activity of dehydrogenase was observed with organic farming at 30, 60 DAS and harvest (1.65, 2.29 and 1.72 µg TPF g-1 day-1) compared to natural farming and inorganic farming. The activity of urease and dehydrogenase remained similar with DHM 117 or Aswini.
A Review of Learning Effect in Perimetry
Authors: Chandrinos Aristeidis , Tzamouranis Dorotheos-Dimitrios
Published: April 2020

Glaucoma is the second most common cause of visual impairment in the UK, with visual impairment registrations have increased by 22% since 2010. Glaucoma refers to a group of optic neuropathies leading to visual impairment and blindness. If glaucoma remains untreated, it may produce optic nerve damage, leading to vision loss. Consequently, visual field tests can be extremely valuable for glaucoma. At the same time, visual field assessment should be performed at baseline and periodically in the glaucoma follow-up or monitor the effectiveness of adopted therapeutic schemes. Any visual field test can be masked by one or more artefacts, which can either lead to the incorrect result of visual field loss or to the possible deterioration of existing loss. One of the most important factors is the perimetric learning effect that is present in almost all types of perimetry. To minimize the learning effect, we either have to conduct a practice test procedure, as a demonstration for the patient without collecting data, or to calculate and establish a learning index of the specific patient. By the establishment of such an index, assist the clinician in detecting possible masked or overestimated visual field defects or progression of glaucoma damage.

Conclusion: Potentially, the intense data collection at a large number of locations throughout the field in a larger cohort of subjects (visually healthy and glaucomatous) would be required for a better index establishment. The incorporation of fatigue also may be required to form a robust index enough to simulate procedures of glaucoma prognosis. The low signal to noise ratio associated with perimetric testing suggests that improvements will always be difficult to make.
Characterization and Application of Aspergillus tubingensis USMI03 RPf10 Fermented Solution as a Nutrient Source for Microbial Growth
Authors: Amin Shimaa A. , Abdelhady Hemmat M. , Abou-Taleb Khadiga A. , Tayeb Zahra H. , Ahmed Rania F.
Published: April 2020

The fermented solution of this strain contains the highest concentration of citric acid, indole acetic acid (IAA) and elements as well as phosphatase activity. Using the Aspergillus tubingensis USMI03 RPf10 fermented solution as a medium led to decrease in the growth rate of tested bacterial isolates (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli) and fungal isolates (Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.) except Trichoderma viride which gave the same growth on fermented solution treatments compared to control. Whereas the tested yeast isolates (Candida olivera and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) recorded the same growth rate on fermented solution treatments as whole media and higher growth rate on fermented solution + glucose treatment, compared to control. Also, the latter treatment resulting in higher growth of some tested bacteria (B. subtilis and P. fluorescens) and the same growth rate of other bacteria (E. coli), compared to synthetic media. The growth of Rhizopus sp. decreased on fermented solution treatments than control. It is suggested that, using A. tubingensis USMI03 RPf10 fermented solution as a whole medium or as a mineral could be used as a source for microbial growth which varied from one microorganism to another.
Nitrate and nitrite in commercial samples of conventional, organic and hydroponic leafy vegetables
Authors: Nascimento A.L.
Published: April 2020

The aim of this research was to investigate along four weeks the nitrate and nitrite levels in commercial samples of leafy vegetables (lettuce, watercress, spinach, and rocket) of different growing systems (hydroponic, conventional and organic) using a capillary electrophoresis method. In all samples, nitrite content was below the limit of detection, while nitrate was quantified. The nitrate concentrations in the leafy vegetables ranged from 239.26 to 7873.00 mg kg-1 in fresh weight, with more expressive values found for lettuce, watercress and rocket in the hydroponic system, while for spinach the highest values were found in the conventional system. However, the lettuce can be highlighted as the vegetable with the lowest content of nitrate and the rocket the vegetable with the highest content of this compound. Despite the great variability, the nitrate levels found for most samples were in accordance with international requirements.
Identification and characterization of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus Section Flavi by polyphase approach from Brazil nuts produced in agroforesty production system
Authors: Ribeiro Maria do Socorro Souza , Silva Silvia Helena Marques da , Silva Otniel Freitas- , Abreu Laura Figueiredo , Lima Consuelo Lúcia Sousa de
Published: April 2020

Brazil nut is an Amazonian raw material with a fundamental role in the socioeconomic organization of the extractive areas of the Legal Amazon Brazil's largest socio-geographical division, composed of nine states are part of the Amazon basin. However, due to the precarious conditions of storage and processing, the nut is frequently subjected to contamination by aflatoxigenic fungi. These fungal species have high similarity, which makes it difficult to identify them only by traditional methods. This research had as objective the identification of a species of Aspergillus Flavi isolated from Brazil nut samples, through the polyphase approach. To identify the fungal isolate, macromorphological and micromorphological characterization techniques by microcultive in a slide  were used; The molecular identification followed by sequencing compared the nucleotide sequences with the GenBank database, the aflatoxigenic  potential of the strain was evaluated by HPLC. According to the results, the macromorphological and micromorphological analysis showed color characteristics and reproductive structures typical of the genus Aspergillus and the Flavi section. However, only from the results of molecular identification in which the strain showed 100% similarity with Aspergillus nomius and the metabolic production profile in which the species was producing the 4 types of aflatoxins (AFG2= 1177,23, AFG1 = 2458, 90, AFB2 = 860,23, AFB1 = 2370,06) it was possible to carry out the correct identification of the fungus as Aspergillus nomius. The combination of different techniques for identification of the strain Aspergillus section Flavi allowed a more accurate characterization.  The identification of strain as Aspergillus nomius with aflatoxigenic potential in Brazil nuts confirms the affinity of these microorganisms for this substrate.
Growth and solar radiation use efficiency of corn cultivated in agroforestry systems
Authors: Nardini Claiton , Sgarbossa Jaqueline , Schwerz Felipe , Felipe Elli Elvis , Petter Medeiros Sandro Luiz , Caron Braulio Otomar
Published: April 2020

Agroforestry systems are a more sustainable alternative to food and energy production without compromising existing agroecosystems. In this context, the study aimed to analyze the growth characteristics and the solar radition use efficiency of corn cultivated in different arrangements of agroforestry and monoculture systems. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Agroclimatology of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus of Frederico Westphalen – RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, arranged in a factorial scheme of 3 × 2 × 2 representing two arrangements of agroforestry systems (Intercrop I and Intercrop II) and the monoculture of corn; two forest species, Peltophorum dubium (Spr.) Taubert, denoted as P. dubium and the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, denoted as Eucalyptus; and two crop years (Crop I and Crop II), with four replicates each. The growth rates varied between the different systems, with the highest values recorded for the absolute growth rate in the monoculture system, in both crop years, for the relative growth rate in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop I-Crop I and monoculture system-Crop II plots, and for the net assimilation rate in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop II in both crop years. The solar radiation use efficiency was varied between the different systems, with greater values of efficiency found in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop I-Crop I and in Eucalyptus-Intercrop II-Crop II plots. Therefore, different agroforestry arrangements influence corn growth; however, further studies related to this subject are needed as it is a way to optimize land use.
Productivity of potato seed submitted to different doses of potassium in hydroponic system
Authors: Tufik Camila B.A.
Published: April 2020

The potato is one of the most economically important crops in Brazil, and among the items that most cost the production is seed potatoes. The deficiency of one nutrient can interfere with the absorption and accumulation of the others in plants. The aim of this work was to quantify the optimal potassium (K) dose for minituber basic seed potato yield in hydroponic system. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse with the Agata cultivar minitubers. The treatments consisted of five doses of K (0.0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 e 10.0 mmol L-1) with four repetitions. The experimental design was a randomized block design. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The number of tubers, fresh mass, classification and dry mass were measured. The content of K and content other nutrients in the seed potato tubers were also evaluated. In the hydroponic systems, the maximum yield per plant was 48.41 tubers obtained with 6.15 mmol L-1 of K and maximum mass of fresh matter was 646.6 g.
Os muçulmanos nas Guianas
Authors: Reichert Rolf
Published: April 2020

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Negritude et Intégration Nationale
Authors: Bastide Roger
Published: April 2020

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Nota breve, e numerada, sobre fronteiras
Authors: Da Silva Agostinho
Published: April 2020

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Programa de cooperação cultural entre o Brasil e países africanos - Edison Carneiro - Conclaves internacionais - Cooperação inter-universitária ?Terminologia de parentesco - Visitantes, bolsistas, pesquisadores ? Pesquisas - Etnomusicologia - Filme etnogr
Authors: . .
Published: April 2020

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Culturas africanas nas Américas: um esboço de pesquisa conjunta da localização dos empréstimos
Authors: De Castro Yêda A. Pessoa , Castro Guilherme A. De Souza
Published: April 2020

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Volk Ohne Raum, de Hans Grimm, e Terra Morta, de Castro Soromenho: dois romances europeus sobre a África
Authors: Feuse Willfried F.
Published: April 2020

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Prática divinatória e exercício do poder (O Jogo de Búzios nos Candomblés da Bahia)
Authors: Braga Júlio Santana
Published: April 2020

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Jarê: instalação africana na Chapada Diamantina
Authors: Senna Ronaldo , Aguiar Itamar
Published: April 2020

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Mamãe Oxum y la Madre Maria: santos, curanderos y religiones afro-brasileñas en Argentina
Authors: Carozzi Maria Julia , Frigerio Alejandro
Published: April 2020

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?O querer é o eterno poder?: história e resistência no bloco afro
Authors: Da Silva Jônatas Conceição
Published: April 2020

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O mito de Zumbi: implicações culturais para o Brasil e para a diáspora africana
Authors: Anderson Robert
Published: April 2020

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Carlos Benedito Rodrigues da Silva. Da Terra das Primaveras à Ilha do Amor: reggae, lazer e identidade cultural. São Luis, EDUFMA, 1995.168p
Authors: Guerreiro Goli
Published: April 2020

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O Atlântico escravista: açúcar, escravos e engenhos
Authors: Miller Joseph C.
Published: April 2020

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Quem eram os "negros da Guiné? A origem dos africanos na Bahia
Authors: De Oliveira Maria Inês Côrtes
Published: April 2020

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Em defesa da propriedade: Antonio Pereira Rebouças e a escravidão
Authors: Grinberg Keila
Published: April 2020

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A sobrevivência das línguas africanas no Brasil: sua influência na linguagem popular da Bahia
Authors: Castro Yêda Pessoa de
Published: April 2020

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Recomendações e resoluções do Congresso de Dacar
Authors: De Africanistas Congresso Internacional
Published: April 2020

UNESCO
Literatura viva da África e da Ásia - o Buda visto do ocidente ? Economia indiana
Authors: Oliveira Waldir Freitas
Published: April 2020

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Centenário do Mahatma Gandhi - Cursos e palestras - Atlas histórico regional do mundo Árabe ? Birmingham - Secção de museu - Literatura do mundo negro - Comitê coordenador interuniversitário - Baianos na África - Décimo aniversario do CEAO - Visitante ilu
Authors: UFBA Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais -
Published: April 2020

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ELF AWARENESS FOR TEACHER EDUCATION IN ITALY: ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS
Authors: Grazzi Enrico , Lopriore Lucilla
Published: April 2020

The spread of English as the world's primary lingua franca (ELF) poses some challenging questions about the impact of ELF on English language teaching (ELT). The gap between the dominance of native-speaker oriented institutional curricula and the emergence of variable, context-bound forms of English in multilingual and multicultural communicative settings is plain to see, opening up an opportunity for researchers to explore new directions in which future studies might be heading in order to implement an ELF-aware pedagogic approach to English.  The aim of this article is to analyse a selection of relevant data that have been collected through a teacher survey on the state of the art as regards ELT. The survey was administered in Italy (mainly at upper and lower secondary school level). In particular, the authors focus their attention on issues such as learners’ errors, standard and non-standard English models, teachers’ attitudes and beliefs, the use of authentic materials, the encouragement of learners’ creativity, learner assessment and evaluation. This study, part of an Italian national research project, has been carried out by one of the three teams constituting the study group, the one from Roma Tre University, whose main objective is to take into consideration the changing scenario of Global Englishes and open new paths to revisit teachers', learners' and publishers' beliefs and offer possible perspectives about classroom practices, assessment and evaluation, and material development.
TEACHING ELF-AWARE PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES TO EMI PROFESSORS OF ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Pineda Inmaculada
Published: April 2020

The internationalization process of Spanish universities has increased the need for teacher training courses to EMI professors. These training programs have a dual objective, to improve content lecturers’ linguistic skills in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and to develop methodological strategies that can facilitate the learning process in an academic setting. The current paper describes the implementation of a teacher training program developed at the University of Málaga designed for EMI professors of Architecture. The program had three phases: A Needs Analysis (NA) stage (2015), two teacher training courses (2015 & 2016), and a last stage was devoted to tracing the language progress and the attitudinal changes of the participants with regards to ELF and ELF-aware pedagogy (2016).
ELT MATERIALS FOR BASIC EDUCATION IN BRAZIL: IS THERE ROOM FOR AN ELF-AWARE PRACTICE?
Authors: Siqueira Sávio
Published: April 2020

It is a fact that ELT practices around the world have historically been ENL-oriented and inner-circle emulating. It is also a fact that such status quo has been overtly challenged in many contexts. Despite signs of resistance and the chronic lack of dialogue between Academia and school realities, it is plausible to say that ELF and its research findings are slowly gaining ground in regular ELT classrooms, especially due to the inclusion of ELF-related issues in teacher education programs, both at pre-service and in-service levels. This article is based on a brief study conducted in a pre-service teacher education program at Bahia Federal University (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil, whose objective was to analyze how a few English textbooks approved by the National Textbook Program (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) for local public high schools are linguistically, methodologically, and ideologically conceived, and to what extent their activities were adaptable to an alternative ELF-aware orientation. It then aims to share and discuss some of the results of the referred study, including examples of activities, assuming that an ELF-aware pedagogy in EFL-oriented contexts is perfectly viable, even when departing from pre-existing materials which already take into consideration features of the local reality and how English can be realistically used by these specific speakers.
Developmental regression and mitochondrial function in children with autism
Authors: Singh Kanwaljit , Singh Indrapal N. , Diggins Eileen , Connors Susan L. , Karim Mohammad A. , Lee David , Zimmerman Andrew W. , Frye Richard E.
Published: April 2020

Background

Developmental regression (DR) occurs in about one‐third of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) yet it is poorly understood. Current evidence suggests that mitochondrial function in not normal in many children with ASD. However, the relationship between mitochondrial function and DR has not been well‐studied in ASD.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study of 32 children, 2 to 8 years old with ASD, with (n = 11) and without (n = 12) DR, and non‐ASD controls (n = 9) compared mitochondrial respiration and mtDNA damage and copy number between groups and their relation to standardized measures of ASD severity.

Results

Individuals with ASD demonstrated lower ND1, ND4, and CYTB copy number (Ps < 0.01) as compared to controls. Children with ASD and DR had higher maximal oxygen consumption rate (Ps < 0.02), maximal respiratory capacity (P < 0.05), and reserve capacity (P = 0.01) than those with ASD without DR. Coupling Efficiency and Maximal Respiratory Capacity were associated with disruptive behaviors but these relationships were different for those with and without DR. Higher ND1 copy number was associated with better behavior.

Conclusions

This study suggests that individuals with ASD and DR may represent a unique metabolic endophenotype with distinct abnormalities in respiratory function that may put their mitochondria in a state of vulnerability. This may allow physiological stress to trigger mitochondrial decompensation as is seen clinically as DR. Since mitochondrial function was found to be related to ASD symptoms, the mitochondria could be a potential target for novel therapeutics. Additionally, identifying those with vulnerable mitochondrial before DR could result in prevention of ASD.
Progress in Research on Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys: A Review
Authors: Li Huan , Wen Jiuba , Liu Ya , He Junguang , Shi Huina , Tian Peiwu
Published: April 2020

Magnesium alloys have great potential as biodegradable materials and have attracted much attention in recent years. Much effort has been expended to improve the properties of biodegradable alloys. Herein, various methods for improving the mechanical properties and biocorrosion resistance of magnesium alloys are discussed in detail, including alloying, thermal processing, and surface modification. The mechanisms by which the mechanical properties of alloys are modified are described, including grain refinement strengthening, solid solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. On the basis of previous studies, the mechanisms underlying modifications to the biocorrosion resistance of magnesium alloys are summarized as grain refinement, grain growth, the formation of a passivation film, reduction in cathode–anode potential difference, second‐phase barrier function, and texture formation. Finally, the remaining problems are summarized and directions for future research are indicated.
Unlocking the Potential of Organ‐on‐Chip Models through Pumpless and Tubeless Microfluidics
Authors: Delon Ludivine C. , Nilghaz Azadeh , Cheah Edward , Prestidge Clive , Thierry Benjamin
Published: April 2020

Microfluidic organs‐on‐chips are rapidly being developed toward eliminating the shortcomings of static in vitro models and better addressing basic and translational research questions. A critical aspect is the dynamic culture environment they provide. However, the associated inherent requirement for controlled fluid shear stress (FSS) and therefore the need for precise pumps limits their implementation. To address this issue, here a novel approach to manufacture pumpless and tubeless organs‐on‐chips is reported. It relies on the use of a hydrophilic thread to provide a driving force for the perfusion of the cell culture medium through constant evaporation in the controlled conditions of a cell incubator. Well‐defined and tuneable flow rates can be applied by adjusting the length and/or diameter of the thread. This approach for the preparation of an intestine‐on‐chip model based on the Caco‐2 cell line is validated. Five days culture under 0.02 dyn·cm−2 shear conditions yield monolayers similar to those prepared using a high‐precision peristaltic pump. A pumpless device can also be used to delineate the effect of FSS on the phenotype of adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells. It is anticipated that the pumpless approach will facilitate and herefore increase the use of organs‐on‐chips models in the future.
Eye tracking as an objective measure of hyperphagia in children with Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Key Alexandra P. , Zengin‐Bolatkale Hatun , Dimitropoulos Anastasia , Doernberg Ellen
Published: April 2020

This study examined sensitivity of eye tracking measures to hyperphagia severity in Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS). Gaze data were collected in 57 children with PWS, age 3–11 years, and 47 typically developing peers at two study sites during free visual exploration of complex stimulus arrays that included images of food, animals, and household objects. Analysis of the number and duration of fixations as well as gaze perseverations revealed that food items are not exceptionally salient for children with PWS. Instead, increased attention to food in the context of other high‐interest items (e.g., animals) was associated with caregiver reports of more severe hyperphagia and more advanced nutritional phase. The study also provided preliminary evidence of possible genetic subtype and sex differences as well as demonstrated that multiple investigators in a wide range of settings can effectively implement the eye tracking protocol. The results indicate that gaze characteristics derived from eye tracking may be a promising objective marker of hyperphagia in PWS for use in research and clinical trials.
Efficient Gating of Ion Transport in Three‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Sub‐Nanochannels with Confined Light‐Responsive Azobenzene Molecules
Authors: Qian Tianyue , Zhang Huacheng , Li Xingya , Hou Jue , Zhao Chen , Gu Qinfen , Wang Huanting
Published: April 2020

1D nanochannels modified with responsive molecules are fabricated to replicate gating functionalities of biological ion channels, but gating effects are usually weak because small molecular gates cannot efficiently block the large channels in the closed states. Now, 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) sub‐nanochannels (SNCs) confined with azobenzene (AZO) molecules achieve efficient light‐gating functionalities. The 3D MOFSNCs consisting of a MOF UiO66 with ca. 9–12 Å cavities connected by ca. 6 Å triangular windows work as angstrom‐scale ion channels, while confined AZO within the MOF cavities function as light‐driven molecular gates to efficiently regulate the ion flux. The AZO‐MOFSNCs show good cyclic gating performance and high on–off ratios up to 17.8, an order of magnitude higher than ratios observed in conventional 1D AZO‐modified nanochannels (1.3–1.5). This work provides a strategy to develop highly efficient switchable ion channels based on 3D porous MOFs and small responsive molecules.
Controlling the Product Platform of Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Adaptive Catalytic Hydrosilylation of CO2 Using a Molecular Cobalt(II) Triazine Complex
Authors: Cramer Hanna H. , Chatterjee Basujit , Weyhermüller Thomas , Werlé Christophe , Leitner Walter
Published: April 2020

The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered a major pillar of future sustainable energy systems and chemical industries based on renewable energy and raw materials. Typically, catalysts and catalytic systems are transforming CO2 preferentially or even exclusively to one of the possible reduction levels and are then optimized for this specific product. Here, we report a cobalt‐based catalytic system that enables the adaptive and highly selective transformation of carbon dioxide individually to either the formic acid, the formaldehyde, or the methanol level, demonstrating the possibility of molecular control over the desired product platform.
Occupational Heat Stress, Thermal Comfort, and Cognitive Performance in the OR: An Integrative Review
Authors: Byrne Jill , Ludington‐Hoe Susan M. , Voss Joachim G.
Published: April 2020

Heat may cause a stress response in perioperative personnel who wear impervious protective surgical gowns that can trap body heat. Responses to heat may include changes in cognitive function, which may affect performance during operative and other invasive procedures. This integrative literature review sought to identify research articles investigating associations among occupational heat stress, thermal comfort, and cognitive performance. The review found that there is a paucity of research on this topic; however, articles that assessed cognitive performance under heat stress for foundry workers (n = 70), cyclists (n = 10), and untrained participants in simulated settings (n = 32) showed that heat may have negative effects on cognition by affecting memory, reaction time, and complex motor skills. Whether heat affects the cognitive performance of perioperative personnel is an important topic for future research.
Design of Fuzzy Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control Scheme for Unknown Full Vehicle Active Suspension Systems Using an Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Abdul Zahra Atheel K. , Abdalla Turki Y.
Published: April 2020

This article proposes a new intelligent control scheme that uses the Fuzzy Super Twisting Sliding Mode Concept (FSTSMC) and PID controller tuned with the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm to control a full vehicle active suspension system with new convergence proof. Suspension systems are utilized to provide vehicle safety and improve comfortable driving. The effects of road roughness transmitted by tires to the vehicle body can be reduced by using suspension systems. In this work super twisting sliding mode is combined with a fuzzy system to design a robust control method. The super twisting sliding mode concept is utilized to limit and minimize the chattering problem and the fuzzy system is used for estimating the unknown parameters and uncertainty in the suspension system components (spring, damper, and actuator). The advantage of such combination is that it can handle the uncertainties and nonlinearities efficiently. The PID controller is used to create the required force to be produced by the actuator. The proposed control scheme consists of four similar sub control schemes, one for each of the four corners of the vehicle. All parameters in the sub control schemes are optimized using the ABC algorithm. The designed control system is applied for a full vehicle model with 8 degrees of freedom. Simulation results show large reduction in the vibration of the vehicle body when passing on disturbance and also show good robustness properties when tested for different road conditions. Passive and active suspension systems using sliding modecontrol (SMC) and the proposed FSTSMC are compared to test the efficiency and the ability of the proposed control scheme to achieve safe and comfortable driving for a random road profile.
Interspecies prediction of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of doxorubicin by physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Lee Jong Bong , Zhou Simon , Chiang Manting , Zang Xiaowei , Kim Tae Hwan , Kagan Leonid
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to develop a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to describe and predict whole‐body disposition of doxorubicin following intravenous administration. The PBPK model was established using previously published data in mice and included 10 tissue compartments: lungs, heart, brain, muscle, kidneys, pancreas, intestine, liver, spleen, adipose tissue, and plasma. Individual tissues were described by either perfusion‐limited or permeability‐limited models. All parameters were simultaneously estimated and the final model was able to describe murine data with good precision. The model was used for predicting doxorubicin disposition in rats, rabbits, dogs, and humans using interspecies scaling approaches and was qualified using plasma and tissue observed data. Reasonable prediction of the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution was achieved across all species. In conclusion, the PBPK model developed based on a rich dataset obtained from mice, was able to reasonably predict the disposition of doxorubicin in other preclinical species and humans. Applicability of the model for special populations, such as patients with hepatic impairment, was also demonstrated. The proposed model will be a valuable tool for optimization of exposure profiles of doxorubicin in human patients.
Decision‐making styles and mental health—A person‐oriented approach through clustering
Authors: Bavolar Jozef , Bacikova‐Sleskova Maria
Published: April 2020

Previous research examining the associations between decision‐making styles and mental health has neglected to look at the configurations of styles. The study identifies mutually exclusive groups of people according to their combination of the five decision‐making styles and examines the differences between them in mental health‐related variables in two studies. In Study 1, decision‐making styles, mental health indicators (well‐being, depression, stress) and socio‐psychological protective factors (resilience, optimism, social support) were examined in university students in two rounds 1 year apart. A cluster analysis revealed three distinct decision profiles—independent/nonintuitive, avoidant/spontaneous and rational/nonavoidant. The best values of mental health‐related variables were found in the rational/nonavoidant profile and the most negative values in the avoidant/spontaneous profile. The decision‐making styles were stable after 1 year although they were not able to explain changes in mental health‐related variables. Study 2 identified three similar clusters in a more general sample—spontaneous/irrational, dependent/avoidant and rational/nonavoidant—with the lowest level of psychological distress symptoms in the rational/nonavoidant cluster. The study highlights the usefulness of combinations of decision‐making styles with regard to mental health as well as noting their specificity according to sample characteristics.