bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intercollegiate athletic programs, university brand equity and student satisfaction
Authors: Hanson Thomas A. , Bryant Michael R. , Lyman Katie J.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore relationships among three primary variables: sports spectatorship of intercollegiate football, university brand equity and student satisfaction. The primary purpose is to understand the extent to which athletic programs influence campus culture, sense of community and the satisfaction of undergraduate students. A secondary purpose is to probe the factor structure, reliability and validity of a recently developed sports spectatorship scale.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data through an online survey of 419 undergraduate students enrolled at three separate Midwestern universities, using previously developed and validated survey scales.

Findings

Relationships between brand equity and student satisfaction suggest that athletic programs provide a benefit to universities by improving students’ psychological sense of community and emotional connection to the institution. Furthermore, correlations between sports spectatorship and brand equity measures suggest an internal advertising effect.

Originality/value

The results contribute to the understanding of the role of intercollegiate athletic programs, in this case from the perspective of enrolled undergraduate students. Additionally, the findings recommend ways that universities might maximize some of the benefits by emphasizing the emotional connection of the student body to the teams. The paper also contributes to the validation of the sports spectatorship scale as a tool for further research.
Activated and included? The social inclusion of social assistance beneficiaries engaged in “public works”
Authors: Girardi Silvia , Pulignano Valeria , Maas Roland
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how employment regulations and stigma, arising from working for welfare in “public works”, limit the social inclusion of social assistance beneficiaries. Activation in “public works” is meant for those beneficiaries unable to participate to the unsubsidised labour market because of range of work impairments.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on qualitative interviews concerning the perspectives of social assistance beneficiaries in Luxembourg who work in “public works” activation schemes in exchange for social assistance support. The paper uses an encompassing definition of social inclusion based on the idea of social rights.

Findings

Access to legal employment status and to social rights are fundamental conditions to foster social inclusion and labour market integration. People in “public works” schemes consider their inclusion hampered by the lack of a legal status that could allow them to access social rights, basic social services and economic life – such as decent housing or access to credit – and the presence of stigma related to working for social assistance.

Social implications

Ensuring social protection of work and lifting stigma aside labour market integration are key for a social inclusion strategy that could support social assistance beneficiaries’ social inclusion.

Originality/value

Debate on activation, including that arising from social investment, stress the centrality of labour market integration for social inclusion but does not take into account institutional factors – such as the social protection of work – and stigmatisation practices that can directly undermine the social inclusion of social assistance beneficiaries working for welfare.
The contributions of social entrepreneurship and transformational leadership to performance
Authors: Naderi Ahmad , Nasrolahi Vosta Leila , Ebrahimi Abolghasem , Jalilvand Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The exploration of performance determinants in social enterprises has gained increasing relevance among researchers and practitioners, particularly in rural tourism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the contributions of transformational leadership and social entrepreneurship to the performance of social enterprises in the context of rural tourism. Further, the mediating roles of social capital, creativity and social value were investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered through a survey of 168 employees of social enterprises operating in the rural tourism setting. Eight surveyors were sent out to conduct the survey. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS 18.0.

Findings

The results of the SEM suggested that transformational leadership is positively associated with social value, social capital and performance of social enterprise. In addition, social entrepreneurship had a significant influence on social value, social capital and performance of social enterprise. Creativity and social value predicts the performance of social enterprise. Further, social capital was found to have a positive relationship with creativity. Finally, the mediating roles of social capital, creativity and social value were also confirmed. The findings thus highlight the power of the social value creation and social capital in the social enterprises operating in the rural destinations.

Social implications

The findings assert that social entrepreneurship and transformational leadership are key sources of social value creation, social capital and creativity in rural tourism context indicating the need for additional efforts on this kind of entrepreneurial activity. The findings can motivate policymakers to promote social entrepreneurship in rural tourism destinations as a means of stimulating bottom-up social capital and social value creation.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to examine the hypothesized relationships focusing on tourism social enterprises.
Antecedents and consequences of excessive online social gaming: a social learning perspective
Authors: Gong Xiang , Zhang Kem Z.K. , Chen Chongyang , Cheung Christy M.K. , Lee Matthew K.O.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Drawing on the social learning theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents and consequences of users’ excessive online social gaming. Specifically, the authors develop a model to propose that observational learning and reinforcement learning mechanisms together determine excessive online social gaming, which further foster adverse consequences.

Design/methodology/approach

The model is empirically validated by a longitudinal survey among users of a popular online social game: Arena of Valor. The empirical data are analyzed using component-based structural equation modeling approach.

Findings

The empirical results offer two key findings. First, excessive online social gaming is determined by observational learning factors, i.e. social frequency and social norm, and reinforcement learning factors, i.e. perceived enjoyment and perceived escapism. Second, excessive online social gaming leads to three categories of adverse consequences: technology-family conflict, technology-work conflict and technology-person conflict. Meanwhile, technology-family conflict and technology-work conflict further foster technology-person conflict.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by developing a nomological framework of excessive online social gaming and by extending the social learning theory to excessive technology use.
A game theoretic analysis of dual-channel supply chain with nash bargaining fairness concern
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Jain Deepika
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of fairness concerns of the retailer on the pricing policies of the supply chain partners, their individual profits, and the overall performance of a dual-channel supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. First, the authors model the dual-channel supply chain under retailer’s fairness concern. Second, the authors derive the optimal pricing policies of the channel members. Third, the authors analyze the effects of retailer’s fairness and bargaining power on the pricing strategies and profit functions of the dual-channel supply chain system.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopt the manufacturer-led Stackelberg game theoretic framework, where the dominant manufacturer’s pricing decisions are based on the retailer’s pricing decision. The paper considers Nash bargaining solution as the fairness reference point to formulate the utility function of the fair-retailer. The paper uses this approach because it endogenously accounts for the competitive power and cooperative contribution of the channel members when they interact.

Findings

The authors find that the retailer’s fairness concerns are not always beneficial for its better performance. If the retailer is moderately sensitive towards its fairness, it will positively influence its performance. However, if the fairness concern becomes too high then it will negatively impact the retailer’s performance because it results in customers’ migration towards direct online channel for buying the products. In addition, if the retailer’s fairness concerns are mild, the manufacturer’s prices will decrease in retailer’s bargaining power, which is opposite otherwise.

Originality/value

The authors use Nash bargaining solution model as the fairness reference in the context of dual-channel supply chain, which is comparatively a recent approach and has been used independently from dual-channel supply chain system.
Spatial representation framework for better indoor navigation by people with visual impairment
Authors: Jeamwatthanachai Watthanasak , Wald Mike , Wills Gary
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to validate a framework for spatial representation, aka the spatial representation framework (SRF), to define spaces and building information required by people with visual impairment as a foundation of indoor maps for indoor navigation systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The SRF was first created with seven main components by a review of the relevant literature and state-of-the-art technologies shown in the preliminary study. This research comprised of two tasks: investigating problems and behaviors while accessing spaces and buildings by visually impaired people (VIP) and validating the SRF where 45 participants were recruited (30 VIP and 15 experts).

Findings

The findings revealed a list of problems and challenges were used to validate and redefine the spatial representation, which was validated by both VIP and experts. The framework subsequently consisted of 11 components categorized into five layers, each layer of which is responsible for a different function.

Research limitations/implications

This framework provides essential components required for building standard indoor maps as a foundation for indoor navigations systems for people with visual impairment.

Practical implications

This framework lays the foundation for a range of indoor-based applications by using this SRF to represent indoor spaces. Example applications include: indoor navigation by people with disabilities, robots and autonomous systems, security and surveillance, and context and spatial awareness.

Originality/value

This paper presents the validated spatial representation for indoor navigation by people with visual impairment with its details and description, methodology, results and findings of the validation of the SRF.
Family entrepreneurial resilience – an intergenerational learning approach
Authors: Zehrer Anita , Leiß Gabriela
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore leadership succession in families in business. Although there is a vast amount of research on leadership succession, no attempt has been made to understand this phenomenon by using an intergenerational learning approach. By applying the Double ABC–X model, the authors discuss how resilience is developed through intergenerational learning during family leadership succession in business.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a single case, the authors define pre- and post-event parameters of the business family under study and use the Double ABC–X Model as an analytical framework. Individual and pair interviews, as well as a family firm workshop, were undertaken following an action research approach using multiple interventions. The qualitative data were collected by reflective journals, field notes and observation protocols. Finally, the authors analyze the data according to a circular deconstruction strategy.

Findings

The authors find specific pre-event stressor parameters related to mutual mistrust, independent decision making and non-strategic transmission of power, knowledge and responsibility from predecessor to successor. The intervention based on the intergenerational approach during the post-crisis phase focuses on problem solving and coping within the new situation of co-habitation among the two generations. The intergenerational learning approach based on pile-up of demands, adaptive resources and perception is the source of family adaptation. Additionally, the power of the narrative to reflect past events and project the future seems to the point where the family starts developing resilience.

Originality/value

The way family businesses deal with critical and stressful events during leadership succession may lead to intergenerational learning, which is a source of resilient families. The authors apply the Double ABC–X model to understand family leadership succession in business and further develop it to explain how families develop resilience.
The evolutionary basis of belonging: its relevance to denial of offending and labelling those who offend
Authors: Walton Jamie S.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The adaptationist approach of evolutionary psychology provides a model of substantial scope for understanding the function of human behaviour, including harmful behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evolutionary importance of social belonging, and also its relevance to why people deny stigmatised harmful behaviour, and the potential problems of labelling them by it.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper takes the form of a discussion and professional opinion.

Findings

Evolution reveals how natural selection has shaped the human nervous system for threat-detection and cooperation. It casts a light on why people convicted of harmful and stigmatised behaviour may hide, deny and lie as a means of limiting social devaluation and maintaining their fitness to belong in groups.

Practical implications

Amidst all our efforts as forensic practitioners to empower people to pro-socially reconnect and lead safer crime-free lives, endlessly associating them with their most unacceptable and harmful acts, might not help.

Originality/value

Evolutionary forensic psychology and evolutionary criminology are sub-disciplines of science that are progressively emerging. They place the adaptationist approach front and centre in the study and theory of criminal behaviour. This paper aims to offer an example of this synergy, but with a specific focus on forensic practice itself.
Employee perspective on CSR: a review of the literature and research agenda
Authors: Akhouri Anuja , Chaudhary Richa
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to review the available academic literature on CSR from employees’ perspective, with an objective to better understand the individual-level analysis of CSR and clarify the current state of thinking in the area. Specifically, the authors present the evolution of the concept of CSR, from the historical overview to the emergence of recent theory and conceptualizations; the underlying theoretical foundations of CSR; the studied variables for CSR; and the research gaps and future work avenues in the field of CSR.

Design/methodology/approach

In all, 158 articles from 72 journals were included in the review, and a comprehensive analysis of the reviewed articles was performed.

Findings

This paper makes a significant contribution to the literature by presenting a comprehensive review of the articles published in academic journals, focusing on employees’ perspective of CSR. The findings advance the understanding of the research trend in employee-focused micro-level CSR research. They will assist organizations better understand “why,” “how” and “when” employees react to CSR initiatives of an organization. This paper also identifies the existing gaps in employee-centric CSR research, which will provide important directions for future research in the area.

Research limitations/implications

The review focused exclusively on journal publications. Dissertations, conference papers, working papers and practitioner papers were excluded, as they are not peer-reviewed.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the comprehensive review papers that focus exclusively on employees’ perspective of CSR, by analyzing 158 articles from the period 1961-2017.
Implementing co-production in mental health organizations
Authors: Gheduzzi Eleonora , Masella Cristina , Segato Federica
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study four cases of the adoption of co-production and compare them according to the type of user involvement, contextual factors and the organizational structure.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 30 interviews were conducted in four mental health organizations which are implementing co-production in the North of Italy. Interviews were conducted with clinicians, nurses, patients and family members. The data collected was triangulated with further sources and official documents of organizations. The results have been compared by means of a validated international framework (IAP2) regarding the contextual factors and the level of co-production adopted.

Findings

The adoption of co-production in the four cases differs by the activities implemented and how organizations involve informal actors. It seems to be influenced by the contextual factors specific to each organization: power, professionals’ opinions and leadership. Organizations whose practitioners and leaders are willing to distribute their power and value informal actors’ opinions seem to facilitate the systematic involvement of users. Overall, the results highlight the importance of considering contextual factors when evaluating and describing co-production activities.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to describing how mental health organizations are implementing co-production. It examines the influence of contextual factors on the type of co-production adopted.
Self-presentation via electronic word of mouth – a reflective or impulsive activity?
Authors: Wien Anders H.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Previous research suggests that self-presentation causes people to have a reflective tendency to produce electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Drawing on the theory of the reflective-impulsive model (RIM), this paper aims to examine whether self-presentation also could motivate an impulsive tendency to produce eWOM. Self-monitoring is suggested as a possible moderator in the relationship between self-presentation and impulsive eWOM production.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected based on an online survey of members from a consumer panel. The effective sample size was 574 respondents. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data.

Findings

The findings show that self-presentation may drive both impulsive and reflective eWOM tendencies; however, that the relationship between self-presentation and impulsive eWOM tendency is contingent on high levels of self-monitoring.

Originality/value

By including self-monitoring as a moderator, this study is the first to show a relationship between self-presentation and impulsive eWOM production. Moreover, the findings show that both impulsive and reflective eWOM tendencies are associated with an enhanced tendency to produce eWOM, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of the RIM theory in understanding eWOM behavior. Overall, the findings shed light on how companies may stimulate eWOM production, and consequently provide insight into creating more effective eWOM campaigns.
Use of an environmental diagnostic study on a coastal lagoon as a decision support tool for environmental management policies in a coastal zone
Authors: Morais Pollyana C.V. , Lima Marcielly F.B. , Martins Davi A. , Fontenele Lysandra G. , Lima Joyce L.R. , da Silva Ícaro Breno , Pinheiro Lidriana S. , Nascimento Ronaldo F. , Cavalcante Rivelino M. , Marques Elissandra V.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

An efficient and adequate environmental monitoring plan is essential to any integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) program. The purpose of this paper is to apply an environmental diagnostic study to a coastal lagoon using anthropogenic markers as a decision support tool to aid the development of coastal environmental management policies.

Design/methodology/approach

Specifically, environmental status and anthropogenic sources were determined as part of a coastal environmental management plan; a study of human occupation and use was conducted to determine the predominant human activities around the lagoon; an environmental diagnostic study was conducted to determine the occurrence, levels and distribution of markers; and the results of the environmental diagnostic study were compared to indicators stipulated in Brazilian legislation.

Findings

Land use study revealed both urban and rural activities around the lagoon, as evidenced by the existence of residences, restaurants as well as poultry and livestock activities. The environmental diagnostic study revealed the input of human sewage (treated and raw) and runoff from animal husbandry activities.

Practical implications

The information produced using anthropogenic markers showed the influence of less studied rural activities, such as livestock and poultry farming, thereby providing a more reliable environmental status compared to the use of classic indicators employed in laws issued by international and Brazilian agencies.

Originality/value

The present results show that classic indicators used by environmental agencies are insufficient for an accurate diagnosis of coastal zones with multiple anthropogenic activities. Thus, the modernization of the environmental monitoring plan of the ICZM program is urgently needed for a more accurate assessment of coastal environments.
Error modeling and compensation for FDM machines
Authors: Lyu Jiaqi , Manoochehri Souran
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to improve the accuracy of fused deposition modeling (FDM) machines.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrated error model and compensation methods are developed to improve the accuracy of FDM machines. The effects of machine-dependent and process-dependent errors are included in this integrated model. The error model is then used to obtain compensated values for the printed object. A three-dimensional artifact is designed for the FDM machine characterization. This process takes place only once and an error model for the machine is then developed. An artifact is designed that is feature rich and its coordinates are measured by the coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The CMM digitized values for the three-dimensional artifact are used to calculate the coefficients of the model. The integrated error model of the machine can be used to obtain the compensated values for any given part models. The coefficients of the integrated error model are machine-dependent and represent machine error estimation. To demonstrate this, two test examples are used and modified based on the machine model to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Findings

The errors from machine mechanical structure and process are evaluated. The variation trend of each error is analyzed. The uncompensated and compensated models are compared, and the effectiveness of the integrated error model and compensation method is analyzed and validated.

Originality/value

An effective integrated error model with compensation is developed, which can be used to improve the FDM machines accuracy.
Brand sustainability among young consumers: an AHP-TOPSIS approach
Authors: Sharma Manu , Joshi Sudhanshu
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This study aims to identify the dominant brand attributes based on the survey conducted among 100 young consumers to know their perceptions toward sustainable brands, using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, arithmetic hierarchical process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS).

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 100 young consumers (18 to 24 age group) were asked to provide the pairwise comparisons for the 10 brands. MCDM methods were applied on triple bottom line dimensions to identify the best alternative. AHP is applied to compute weights for the brands’ attributes necessary for brand’s sustainability, further analyzed by TOPSIS method to rank Forbes’ top 10 brands as per young consumers’ intentions to buy.

Findings

Apple is the most sustainable brand perceived by young consumers followed by Google and Samsung. Being the top brand in Forbes list Apple also fulfills its responsibility toward the environment and recognizes young consumers’ perception accurately. Google is also contending with the same strategy and succeed in achieving a sustainable brand image. Samsung despite at number seven and second-highest revenues after Apple has managed excellently in building sustainable brand image.

Research limitations/implications

Findings have shown that the top global brands do not show the same order as they exhibit in their top ranking (Forbes, 2019), and thus, create a research gap to be fulfilled by identifying the causes for the same. The results show that brand consistency and performance can be achieved through implementing sustainable and green practices such as acting social responsibility, high-quality green products, environment protection, etc., and transforming these into capabilities.

Practical implications

The study is an attempt to further validate Forbes’s top brands based on their perception among young customers. The study may help practitioners and policymakers to understand and get familiar with a new methodology to evaluate brands and also how to develop a positioning strategy for targeting young consumers. The paper will be a useful source of information for marketers to know how young consumers from developing countries perceive top brands on the basis of sustainability.

Social implications

The social benefits of brand sustainability are related to improvements in the quality of environment, health and well-being. To link these, an enabling environment must be created that optimizes resource use, allocation and distribution.

Originality/value

The study is a unique attempt to use AHP and TOPSIS to evaluate the best – performing green brand from the perception of young customers in developing counties. Besides, the study provides brands attributes’ framework for sustainability and is significant for developing a model as per the choices of the young consumers.
Ecological consequences of parasite host shifts under changing environments: More than a change of partner
Authors: Mellado Ana , Zamora Regino
Published: September 2019

Parasitic plants, among many other parasitic organisms, are shifting in their geographic distribution in response to global change, establishing novel interactions with susceptible but previously unexposed host plants. Projections of future species assemblages in increasingly changing environments frequently overlook the strong capacity of these parasites to transform ecological systems, and host switching is considered a mere change of partner with no subsequent impact on ecosystem properties.

We explore the ecological consequences of parasite host shifts analysing the growth and reproductive responses of two host trees that share a different interaction‐history with the parasitic plant Viscum album: recent in the case of Pinus sylvestris subsp. nevadensis and longstanding in that of Pinus nigra. We quantified growth by measuring primary (bud elongation) and secondary (dendrochronology) tree growth, and reproduction by quantifying cone crops, cone size, seed production, seed weight, seed germination, and emergence success.

Pinus nigra registered a minor effect on reproduction but a major reduction in biomass, clearly reflected in lower primary and secondary tree growth, smaller cones and lighter seeds. On the contrary, P. sylvestris subsp. nevadensis underwent a strong decline of its reproductive capacity with no effects on growth, manifested in smaller cone crops, less seed production, and lower germination and emergence success.

Synthesis. Mistletoe parasitism unleashes contrasting responses in taxonomically close host species with sharply different consequences for the forest ecosystem. While old hosts tolerate better the effect of parasitism, minimizing the impact on reproduction at the expense of their growth, recent hosts undergo greater effects of parasitism, suffering reproductive collapse with no perceptible loss of growth. We conclude that the increasing phenomenon of parasite host switching is not just a mere change of partner, but a driver of a new ecosystem organization. These results highlight the importance of considering the specific effects of newly established interactions when predicting future species assemblages, as these can trigger different ecological organizations from those we currently know.
Perinatal outcomes for untreated women with gestational diabetes by IADPSG criteria: a population‐based study
Authors: Shah BR , Sharifi F
Published: September 2019

Objective

To estimate the risk for adverse perinatal outcomes for women who met the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria but not the two‐step criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Design

Population‐level cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Ontario, Canada.

Population

A total of 90 140 women who underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test.

Methods

Women were divided into those who met the diagnostic thresholds for GDM by two‐step criteria and were therefore treated, those who met only the IADPSG criteria for GDM and so were not treated, and those who did not have GDM by either criteria.

Main outcome measures

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm delivery, primary caesarean section, large‐for‐gestational‐age, shoulder dystocia and neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Results

Women who met the IADPSG criteria had an increased risk for all adverse perinatal outcomes compared with women who did not have GDM. Women with GDM by two‐step criteria also had an increased risk of most outcomes. However, their risk for large‐for‐gestational‐age neonates and for shoulder dystocia was actually lower than that of women who met IADPSG criteria.

Conclusion

Women who met IADPSG criteria but who were not diagnosed with GDM based on the current two‐step diagnostic strategy, and were therefore not treated, had an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes compared with women who do not have GDM. The current strategy for diagnosing GDM may be leaving women who are at risk for adverse events without the dietary and pharmacological treatments that could improve their pregnancy outcomes.

Tweetable abstract

Women who meet IADPSG criteria for GDM have an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes compared with women without GDM.
How do I want to feel? The link between emotion goals and difficulties in emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder
Authors: López‐Pérez Belén , McCagh Jane
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Appropriate contextualized emotion goals (i.e., desired emotional endpoints that facilitate goal attainment) are fundamental to emotion regulation, as they may determine the direction of regulation efforts. Given that difficulties in emotion regulation are prevalent in borderline personality disorder (BPD), we explored whether BPD traits (Study 1) and BPD diagnosis (Study 2) presented specific contextualized emotion goals, and whether these emotion goals may be linked to difficulties in emotion regulation.

Methods

In Study 1, 358 individuals were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk and assessed on the presence of borderline traits, emotion regulation ability, and general and contextualized emotion goals. In Study 2, these measures were employed in a sample of 35 people with BPD and 35 matched controls who were also assessed on their current mood state and screened for Axis I and II disorders of the DSM‐IV.

Results

Study 1 showed that emotion dysregulation was positively predicted by borderline traits and contextualized emotion goals that impair goal attainment (i.e., greater preference for anger for collaboration and happiness for confrontation). Findings of Study 2 also showed that a higher preference for happiness for confrontation was linked to higher emotion dysregulation in both individuals with BPD and controls. Furthermore, individuals with BPD reported a lower preference for happiness for collaboration than controls.

Conclusions

These results support the importance of looking at emotion goals and its link with emotion dysregulation. Interventions targeting maladaptive contextualized goals may represent an important therapeutic window to enhance emotion regulation.

Practitioner points

Clinical implications

BPD individuals’ emotion regulation is linked to maladaptive emotion goals.

Helping people at risk to manipulate their emotion goals to be more context sensitive may enhance well‐being and serve as a therapeutic tool in practice.

Limitations

The present research only considered the context of collaboration and confrontation, but other contexts more relevant for individuals with BPD (i.e., self‐harm situations) might provide valuable information about their difficulties in emotion regulation.

To study contextualized emotion goals in clinical populations, longitudinal rather than cross‐sectional designs should be considered.
Some but not all aspects of (advanced) theory of mind predict loneliness
Authors: Koerber Susanne , Osterhaus Christopher
Published: September 2019

Children's (advanced) theory of mind (AToM) has been related to numerous real‐world social consequences, including regarding their feelings of loneliness. A recent study has shown that AToM does not rely on a single underlying ability, instead involving three distinct factors: social reasoning, reasoning about ambiguity, and recognizing transgressions of social norms. The present study of 229 5‐ to 8‐year‐olds investigated whether and how these three aspects of AToM cognition are related to children's feelings of loneliness while controlling for the influence of self‐esteem. Our results show that social reasoning is the only AToM factor that is related to children's loneliness, and it is independent from children's self‐esteem. Our findings have consequences for the conceptualization of AToM and our understanding of children's feelings of loneliness and their ability to form friendships.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject

Theory‐of‐mind (ToM) understanding is related to children's ability to form friendships and to their loneliness.

Results are mixed concerning the effects of advanced ToM.

Recent studies show that advanced ToM is comprised of three separate factors.

What the present study adds

Social reasoning is the only advanced ToM factor that is related to children's feelings of loneliness.

Our results add to our knowledge about diverse real‐world consequences of AToM.

Our findings have consequences for the conceptualization of AToM.
Looking smart: Preschoolers’ judgements about knowledge based on facial appearance
Authors: Palmquist Carolyn M. , Cheries Erik W. , DeAngelis Erika R.
Published: September 2019

Preschoolers use others’ behaviours to make inferences about what traits they possess (Harriset al., 2018, Ann. Rev. Psychol.,69, 251). The current study examined whether 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds also associate others’ behaviour with how they appear on the surface. Specifically, we asked whether children's sensitivity to different face–traits (e.g., Cogsdillet al., 2014, Psychol. Sci., 25, 1132) would bias them to associate knowledgeable behaviours with faces that adults rate as highly competent‐ or trustworthy‐looking. We find that preschoolers expect puppets with trustworthy‐looking faces to be knowledgeable about the functions of familiar objects. In contrast, children did not match a puppet's knowledge to facial features that adults rate as varying in competence. These data suggest that children, like adults, are biased to associate facial appearance and behaviour. Furthermore, this bias appears to be rooted in a response to the same facial features that have been found to govern judgements of trustworthiness across development (e.g., Jessen & Grossmann, 2016, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 28, 1728).

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Preschoolers selectively trust others using epistemic and non‐epistemic cues (Harriset al., 2018).

Preschoolers associate specific faces with trustworthiness and competence (Cogsdillet al., 2014).

What the present study adds?

Preschoolers infer that trustworthy‐looking characters will behave knowledgeably.

Preschoolers do not infer that competent‐looking characters will behave knowledgeably.

Children's reliability judgements are influenced by others’ appearance.
Marginalized maximum a posteriori estimation for the four‐parameter logistic model under a mixture modelling framework
Authors: Meng Xiangbin , Xu Gongjun , Zhang Jiwei , Tao Jian
Published: September 2019

The four‐parameter logistic model (4PLM) has recently attracted much interest in various applications. Motivated by recent studies that re‐express the four‐parameter model as a mixture model with two levels of latent variables, this paper develops a new expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm for marginalized maximum a posteriori estimation of the 4PLM parameters. The mixture modelling framework of the 4PLM not only makes the proposed EM algorithm easier to implement in practice, but also provides a natural connection with popular cognitive diagnosis models. Simulation studies were conducted to show the good performance of the proposed estimation method and to investigate the impact of the additional upper asymptote parameter on the estimation of other parameters. Moreover, a real data set was analysed using the 4PLM to show its improved performance over the three‐parameter logistic model.
Gender‐Typed and Gender‐Segregated Play Among Tanzanian Hadza and Congolese BaYaka Hunter‐Gatherer Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lew‐Levy Sheina , Boyette Adam H. , Crittenden Alyssa N. , Hewlett Barry S. , Lamb Michael E.
Published: September 2019

Few data exist on gender‐typed and gender‐segregated play in hunter‐gatherer societies, despite their unique demographic and cultural features which may influence children’s gendered play. Using naturalistic observations of Hadza (N = 46, 41% female) and BaYaka (N = 65, 48% female) hunter‐gatherer 3‐ to 18‐year‐olds from Tanzania and the Republic of Congo, we showed that access to playmates was negatively associated with playing in mixed‐gender groups. Young boys did not engage in more rough‐and‐tumble play than girls, but adolescent boys participated in this type of play more than adolescent girls. Children were also more likely to participate in work‐themed play which conformed to gender norms within their society. Findings are discussed within the context of gendered division of labor, child autonomy, and demography.
Predicting primary stability of orthodontic mini‐implants, according to position, screw‐size, and bone quality, in the maxilla of aged patients: a cadaveric study
Authors: Möhlhenrich Stephan C. , Heussen Nicole , Winterhalder Philipp , Prescher Andreas , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali , Wolf Michael , Kniha Kristian
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implant size and bone condition on primary stability of orthodontic mini‐implants with a view to predict the primary stability before insertion. Four‐hundred and forty mini‐implants of two different diameters (2.0 and 2.3 mm) and lengths (7 and 12 mm) were inserted at 11 different positions in human cadaver maxillae. Before placement of mini‐implants, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed to measure bone density and cortical thickness and, after mini‐implant placement, implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were determined by resonance frequency analysis and cofactors were analyzed to determine their influence on the primary stability. Additionally, an equation was developed to predict the expected stability based on implant size and bone quality. Bone density varied between 433 (SD 122) and 587 (SD 249) Hounsfield units (HU), and cortical thickness varied between 0.49 (SD 0.42) and 0.98 (SD 0.60) mm. The lowest ISQ value, of 15.50 (SD 7.29) (bone density: 531 (SD 219) HU; cortical thickness: 0.65 (SD 0.58) mm), was found for a mini‐implant of 2.0 × 7 mm and the highest ISQ value, of 46.30 (SD 8.69) (bone density: 587 (SD 249) HU; cortical thickness: 0.98 (SD 0.60) mm), was found for a mini‐implant of 2.3 × 11 mm. Statistically significant influences of the cofactors on primary stability were demonstrated. To visualize the predictive power of the model, the observed values versus the predicted values of primary stability were compared and the model fit was represented by residual plots. The expected primary stability can be estimated by a linear regression model comprising the radiologically determined bone density, cortical thickness, implant length and diameter, and placement position.
Seasonal climatic niches diverge in migratory birds
Authors: Ponti Raquel , Arcones Angel , Ferrer Xavier , Vieites David R.
Published: September 2019

Migratory birds occupy different geographical areas during breeding and non‐breeding periods, and thus different factors may determine their range limits depending on each season. One such factor is the spatial climatic component of the niche, which is widely used to model species distributions, yet the temporal component is often neglected and is generally assumed to be constant. We tested the hypothesis that the climatic niche is conserved between breeding and non‐breeding areas in 355 bird species migrating through Eurasian–African flyways. For this, we performed niche overlap analyses and compared niche differences between sister or phylogenetically closely related species, as well as linking the differences to migratory distances. For more than 80% of the species, there was no or very little overlap between their breeding and non‐breeding climatic niches. For most closely related species, the degree of overlap of their breeding climatic niches was larger than the overlap observed within each species, but not for their wintering climatic niches, suggesting a phylogenetic conservation of breeding climatic niches. Finally, there was a clear negative relationship between migratory distances and climatic niche overlap within each species. Our results confirmed that the climatic niche of most Eurasian–African migratory species differs between both breeding and non‐breeding ranges, suggesting distinctive seasonal climatic requirements. Given these results and the geographically uneven effects of climate change, the impact of global change is likely to have different effects in each seasonal range. Hence, both breeding and non‐breeding climatic data need to be considered when using species distribution models.
Goodwill valuations certified by independent experts: Bigger and cleaner impairments?
Authors: Gietzmann Miles , Wang Ye
Published: September 2019

If firms disclose the use of independent valuation experts to assess the magnitude of goodwill impairments, should investors rationally condition their values on that disclosure? This research shows that firms that disclose the use of an independent valuation expert are more likely to report a higher impairment charge in an impairment year but, critically, after controlling for other determinants, the disclosing firms are less likely to have impairments in following years. Thus, when the use of an independent expert is disclosed, while it is rational for investors to downgrade firm value on the basis of the disclosed (higher) impairment charge in that year, there is simultaneously a reduced need to add an additional discount to anticipate further (strategically) delayed impairment charges. The investors need to consider the likely multi‐period time series properties of impairments, and firms may benefit from using an expert if in anticipation of future related impairments, investors significantly reduce the discount applied.
Stage I hypertension is associated with impaired systolic function by strain imaging compared with prehypertension: A report from the prever study
Authors: Santos Angela B. S. , Foppa Murilo , Bertoluci Carolina , Branchi Thais V. , Fuchs Sandra C. , Fuchs Flávio D.
Published: September 2019

High blood pressure (BP) is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events, even in stage I hypertension (HTN) and prehypertension (preHTN). Lower left ventricular (LV) systolic function, assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS), has been demonstrated in individuals with HTN compared to individuals with normal BP, but a comparison of individuals with preHTN and stage I HTN was not described to date. The PREVER study includes two randomized double‐blind controlled trials, performed in volunteers with preHTN (PREVER‐prevention trial) or stage I HTN (PREVER‐treatment trial), aged 30‐70 years. A subsample of patients of both trials had GLS measured from 2D echocardiograms performed at baseline and after 18 months of follow‐up. We compared baseline data from both studies and, among stage I HTN patients, clinical and echocardiographic correlates of GLS were determined. Participants with preHTN (n = 91;53% female; 55 ± 9 yo) and stage I HTN (n = 105; 44% female; 55 ± 8 yo) had similar clinical parameters beyond the expected differences in BP levels. Participants with stage I HTN had lower GLS (−17.5 ± 2.5% vs −18.2 ± 2.4%, P = .03) compared with those with preHTN. In stage I HTN, lower GLS was associated with lower e' and lower LV ejection fraction. In conclusion, patients in Stage I HTN may already express changes in GLS compared with individuals with preHTN, suggesting that even mildly difference in BP can be impact in subclinical systolic function.
Attending to inattention: Identification of deadweight loss under nonsalient taxes
Authors: Brusco Giacomo , Glass Benjamin
Published: September 2019

Recent developments in behavioral public economics have shown that heterogeneous biases prevent point identification of deadweight loss. We replicate this result for an arbitrary (closed) consumption set, whereas previous results on heterogeneous attention focused on binary choice. We find that one can bound the efficiency costs of taxation based on aggregate features of demand. When individuals have linear demand functions, the bounds for deadweight loss are easy to calculate from linear regressions.