bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality Towards A Simplified Pedagogical Scenario Case of Teacher Training in the Regional Centers for Education and Training in Morocco
Authors: Imad Lamniai  , Mustapha Bassiri  , Abderrazak Mazouak  , Malika Tridane  , Said Belaaouad
Published: January 2021

Augmented reality to qualify a new form of interaction between the user and the machine based on the association of real objects, from the user's environment, and virtual. In Morocco the use of this technology in the learning context remains in the embryonic phase that tries to overcome several issues (Profile of the designers, Users, and the learning scenario). Scripting is primarily a work of content design, resource organization, activity planning and mediations to induce and accompany learning. The integration of augmented reality (AR) requires the contribution of the different specialists who work on the design and realization of the scenario. While the CRMEF AR project. CRMEF is at the end of a first phase of development, this contribution answers the following research question: What are the steps of the scenario of learning with augmented reality? How to harmonize the mastery of data integration in scientifically validated 3D in the context of learning and the use of learners? For this purpose, the project aims to model and simplify the integration of AR in Regional Centers for Education and Training through anAR BANK OF OBJECTS validated by the National Scientific Committeein 3D format.
Aktywność przeciwutleniająca ekstraktów z wybranych roślin należących do rodziny Rosaceae
Authors: Muzykiewicz Anna , Zielonka-Brzezicka Joanna , Klimowicz Adam
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Plants are a valuable source of biologically active compounds, including antioxidants, which could prevent the development of oxidative stress. The members of Rosaceae family such as Sorbus aucuparia L. and Cydonia oblonga Mill. are the examples of plants contained antioxidants. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of leaves and fruits extracts of rowan and quince, taking into account influence of the extrahent as well as extraction method on this activity. Material and methods. The extracts were obtained by classic extraction methods – shaking and extraction in Soxhlet apparatus. Methanol, acetone as well as 70 and 96% (v/v) ethanol were used as solvents. Antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH, FRAP, Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) and ABTS methods. Results. The highest antioxidant activity was found in leaf extracts of both plants. In most cases, rowan extracts showed higher potential than appropriate extracts of quince. The most effective extraction method was extraction in Soxhlet apparatus using methanol (in case of rowan and quince) as well as 96% (v/v) ethanol (quince) and 70% (v/v) ethanol (rowan). The highest results were obtained with FRAP method, whereas the lowest – with DPPH. Conclusions. The presented in vitro results confirmed, that the leaves and fruits extracts of selected plants belonging to the Rosaceae family showed antioxidant activity and could be applied in various industry branches.
Działanie olejku lawendowego (Oleum Lavandulae) na bakterie beztlenowe
Authors: Kędzia Anna , Hołderna-Kędzia Elżbieta , Wiśniewska Joanna
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Therapeutical, cosmetical and culinary properties of lavender oil was valued from ancient. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lavandula officinalis Chaix.) belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Lavender produced essential oil. It possess different property: hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antispasmotic, antiulcers, antidepression, antioxidant, antireumatic, insect repellent and antimicrobial. Aim. The aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of anaerobes of oral cavity to lavender oil. Material and methods. The anaerobic bacteria were isolated from various infections of oral cavity. A total 32 strains of bacteria isolated from patients and 5 reference strains were examined. The susceptibility (MIC) anaerobes to lavender oil was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar, supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Stock solution of essential oil was prepared in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and afterwords in distilled water. Concentration of oil used were: 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml. The inoculum contained 106 CFU per spot was seeded with Steers’ replicator upon the surface of agar with oil and without the oil (strains growth control). Incubation was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jars, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of lavender oils inhibiting the growth of tested anaerobic bacteria. Results. The results indicated, that from all tested anaerobes 10 (31%) was susceptible in ranges < 0.12-0.5 mg/ml. The oil was active towards 53% strains in concentration = 1.0 mg/ml. The MIC for remaining strains was > 2.0 mg/ml. From the Gram-positive cocci the most susceptible were the strains Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. MIC of the strains were < 0.12 mg/ml. The Gram-positive rods were the lowest sensitive. The lavender oil inhibited growth of this bacteria in concentration = 1.0 mg/ml. Conclusions. The more susceptible to lavender oil, from Gram-negative bacteria were the genus Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis and from Gram-positive cocci genus Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The Gram-negative anaerobes were less susceptible to tested oil than Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria.
Przywrotnik pospolity (Alchemilla vulgaris L.) – związki czynne, aktywność biologiczna oraz zastosowanie lecznicze
Authors: Miętkiewska Kinga , Łażewska Dominika , Czapska-Pietrzak Izabela , Studzińska-Sroka Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

Lady’s mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), belonging to Rosaceae family, is a perennial occuring in the Northern Hemisphere. The raw material used in medicine is herb containing: tannins, flavonoids and carbohydrates. In folk medicine it was used to soothe menopausal complaints, dysmenorrhea, to treat flatulence, diarrhea, mouth and throat inflammation and for eczema and skin rashes. Many researches proved number of biological properties of A. vulgaris that can be used in medicine. The results of experiments on: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative effects, as well as on elastase activity and wound healing process were also presented. The antidiabetic and anxiolytic properties and the vasorelaxant effect of Lady’s mantle, that can be used in hypertension treatment, was also described. The results of a clinical trial showed the possibility of A. vulgaris extract using in menstrual disorders, aphthous stomatitis and as component anti-wrinkle creams. The article contains information on the safety of products from Lady’s mantle.
Wpływ propolisu na odnowę tkanki skórnej, kostnej, chrzęstnej i zębowej
Authors: Kędzia Bogdan , Hołderna-Kędzia Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

The research on the influence of ethanol and water extracts from propolis on the regeneration of tissues important for the organism, such as skin tissue, bone tissue, cartilaginous tissue, and tooth tissue have been conducted for over 50 years. The research literature of Polish scientists played a significant role in this respect. The research on the influence of propolis on the regeneration of skin, bone, cartilaginous and tooth tissue has been reviewed. Studies carried out on experimental animals indicate that both ethanol extracts (EEP) and aqueous extracts (WEP) from propolis are characterized by a distinct regenerating effect on the above mentioned types of tissues. There was noticed a significant acceleration of healing experimental wounds under the influence of EEP and WEP, accelerated bone tissue reconstruction as well as rapid reproduction of cartilaginous and dental tissues. In the context of the above data, it can be assumed that both EEP and WEP are characterized by a distinct, significant influence regenerating the skin, bone, cartilaginous and tooth tissues. These extracts can be successfully used in the treatment of disorders of these tissues in humans.
Aktywność olejku pichtowego (Oleum Pichtae) wobec bakterii beztlenowych
Authors: Kędzia Anna , Kędzia Andrzej W.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Abies whitebark (Abies sibirica L.) belonging to the family Pinaceae. The tree grown in Mongol, China and Siberian taiga. Produced the pichtae oil, which is obtained by hydrodistillation method. It contain: α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, bornyl acetate, camphene, mircene and cineole. The oil exhibiting expectorant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antialergic, liver restorative, adaptogenic and antioxidant properties. It has antimicrobial activity. Aim. The aim of the date was to determine the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients to pichtae oil. Material and methods. The investigated 49 strains of bacteria isolated from patients from genus Bacteroides (7 strains), Parabacteroides (1), Prevotella (8), Porphyromonas (5), Tannerella (1), Fusobacterium (6), Finegoldia (4), Parvimonas (2), Peptostreptococcus (4), Actinomyces (4), Bifidobacterium (1), Propionibacterium (6), and 10 reference strains. The concentrations the oil were the following: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. The pichtae oil was added to Brucella agar with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Inoculum containing 106 CFU/ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with oil or without oil (strains growth control). The incubation was carried out in anaerobic jars containing 10% C02 , 10% H2 and 80% N2 , palladic catalyst and anaerobic indicator, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of the pichtae oil that completely inhibited growth the anaerobic bacteria. Results. The results investigation indicated that from Gram-negative rods Tannerella forsythia (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides uniformis (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml) were the most susceptible to pichtae oil. The growth of Prevotella strains were inhibited by concentrations in ranges 5.0-15.0 mg/ml. The Prevotella bivia (MIC 10.0-15.0 mg/ml) and Prevotella buccalis (MIC = 15.0 mg/ml) were the most resistant. The tested oil was active on account genus of Fusobacterium strains in concentrations 5.0-10.0 mg/ml. The Gram-positive cocci were the more sensitive then rods. The growth was inhibited by concentrations in ranges ≤ 2.5-10.0 mg/ml. The oil was equally effective against Gram-positive rods (MIC ≤ 2.5-10.0 mg/ml). From this bacteria the more susceptible were the strains of Actinomyces (MIC ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml) and the least a rods from genus of Bifidobacterium (MIC = 10.0 mg/ml). The date indicated, that the Gram-positive anaerobes were the more susceptible to pichtae oil than Gram-negative rods. Conclusions. From among the Gram-negative bacteria the more susceptible to pichtae oil were the rods from genus Tannerella forsythia, Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides uniformis. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci were the more susceptible then Gram-positive rods. The pichtae oil was the more active towards Gram-positive bacteria then Gram-negative anaerobic rods.
Olej z nasion czarnuszki siewnej (Nigella sativa) jako produkt immunomodulujący
Authors: Ciesielska-Figlon Klaudia , Daca Agnieszka , Lisowska Katarzyna A.
Published: January 2021

The paramount function of the immune system is to constantly defend our bodies against foreign antigens. This extraordinary achievement of evolution actively combats pathogens (viruses, bacteria and fungi) as well as toxins found in the external environment. At the same time, immunity disorders may cause various conditions such as autoimmune diseases, cancers and immunodeficiencies. Hence, scientists are actively seeking immunomodulating substances. Plant oils hold a special place among substances having immunostimulating or immunosupressive properties. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the immunomodulating effects of black carraway (Nigella sativa) seeds oil.
Fitoterapia i suplementacja diety w chorobach górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego
Authors: Błecha Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

Prevention and therapy of gastrointestinal tract diseases should take into account as minimal as possible intervention physiological processes which take place in digestive system. Digestive disorders, which are often caused by synthetic drugs, can generate more complicated diseases. Herbs should be a preventive or complementary way of action. They can also play the main role in therapy of less complicated diseases. Natural products are used in therapy of gastrointestinal tract diseases because they have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, coating, digestion improving and relaxative properties. They are helpful in gastro-oesophageal reflux, dyspepsia, gastritis and ulcers. Natural products, especially plant raw materials, used in the therapy of digestive system diseases, according to their leading activity, can be divided into the following groups: anti-inflammatory and protective, facilitating digestion, sedative and antimicrobial. It should be emphasized that plant raw materials act in multidirectional way and therefore not always may be classified strictly within such groups of curing activity.
Remote Imaging Opportunities, Innovations, and Considerations for Teleophthalmology
Authors: Hom Grant L. , Talcott Katherine E. , Muste Justin C. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: January 2021

Imaging has emerged as a key tool for ophthalmologists to quickly and accurately diagnose and help manage ophthalmic conditions. The importance of useful teleimaging technology will increase as remote appointments and surveillance becomes more widely utilized in ophthalmology. This review article describes the current state of remote imaging including the results of many “store and forward” studies. It also summarizes potential emerging teleimaging modalities such as home optical coherence tomography, remote slit lamps, and smartphone imaging. While published studies highlight many possible utilities for teleimaging, further clinical validation and technology improvement need to occur before teleimaging can become more ubiquitous.
Acute surgery for a case of superior vermian arteriovenous malformation producing raised venous pressure coexisting with basilar-superior cerebellar artery aneurysm presenting subarachnoid hemorrhage; Case report
Authors: Tsunoda Sho , Inoue Tomohiro , Shimoi Akihiro , Akabane Atsuya
Published: January 2021

Background:

Superior vermian subtype of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) coexisting with proximal feeder aneurysm on basilar-superior cerebellar artery (BA-SCA) junction is an extremely rare situation. We experienced a case of this rare entity presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and herein, introduce the outline and clinical features of this experience together with the actual surgical video.

Case Description:

A 54-year-old man SAH patient with severe headache, disturbance of consciousness, and left oculomotor palsy was urgently admitted to our hospital. Imaging examination demonstrated superior vermian AVM with BA-SCA aneurysm, and both lesions were treated through two different approaches (left pterional craniotomy in conjunction with zygomectomy, and left posterior interhemispheric occipital transtentorial approach) in acute phase of SAH. Both lesions were completely disappeared postoperatively and the patient’s postoperative course was favorable, without symptomatic cerebral vasospasm. Although slight oculomotor palsy remained, the patient recovered well and was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital for further improvement.

Conclusion:

In the cases of AVM coexisting with proximal feeder aneurysm, presenting with SAH, disorders of intracranial venous return associated with an AVM can be a vital hindrance to managing cerebral vasospasm; therefore, treating both lesions in the acute phase may lead to good outcomes.
Pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic review of causes, diagnostic modalities, and outcomes in patients who present with pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Platt Andrew , Collins John , Ramos Edwin , Goldenberg Fernando D.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Patients with computed tomography (CT) findings consistent with subarachnoid hemorrhage without evidence of hemorrhage following autopsy or cerebrospinal fluid testing are termed to have pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage (pSAH).

Methods:

A systematic review of literature was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis statement. Studies were evaluated for associated cause of pSAH, imaging modality used in assessment, method of confirmatory testing, and clinical outcome.

Results:

Fifty studies were included in qualitative analysis including 197 cases of pSAH. Systematic review revealed 23 studies including 110 patients with pSAH attributed to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury following cardiac arrest. Three studies were included in meta-analysis that quantitatively analyzed differences in CT densities in patients with pSAH and true subarachnoid hemorrhage (true SAH). A random effects model meta-analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in densities in the Sylvian fissure in patients with pSAH compared to true SAH and a statistically significant decrease in densities in adjacent parenchyma in patients with pSAH compared to true SAH. Systematic review further revealed 32 patients with pSAH associated with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, 11 patients with pSAH related to infectious etiologies, 15 patients with pSAH associated with subdural hemorrhage, 20 cases of pSAH related to hyperhemoglobinemia, 2 cases related to valproate toxicity, and individual cases related to hyponatremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, sudden infant death syndrome, cerebellar infarction, and dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.

Conclusion:

This study is the first systematic review of causes, diagnostic modalities, and outcomes in patients who present with pSAH. A diagnosis of pSAH may be considered following assessment of CT densities following cardiac arrest.
Theoretical Study on Proton Diffusivity in Y-Doped BaZrO3 with Realistic Dopant Configurations
Authors: Fujii Takeo , Toyoura Kazuaki , Uda Tetsuya , Kasamatsu Shusuke
Published: January 2021

We theoretically revisit the proton diffusivity in yttrium-doped barium zirconate (Y-doped BaZrO3) with realistic dopant configurations under processing conditions. In a recent study employing the replica exchange Monte Carlo method, the equilibrium Y configurations at typical sintering temperatures were shown to deviate from the random configuration assumed in earlier theoretical studies. In the present study, we took this observation into account and evaluated the effect of the Y configuration on the proton diffusivity. Using the master equation approach based on local diffusion barriers calculated from first principles, the proton diffusivities under realistic Y configurations were estimated to be higher than those in the random configuration. This is explained by the fact that realistic Y configurations have fewer trap sites with deep potential wells compared to the random configuration due to the isolation trend of Y dopants. In addition, the effects of proton-proton interaction and the abundance of preferential conduction pathways are discussed; it is found that both are relatively minor factors compared to the trap site effect in determining the dependence of the proton diffusivity on the Y configurations.
Rapid Analysis and Authentication of Meat Products using the MasSpec Pen Technology
Authors: Gatmaitan Abigail N. , Lin John Q. , Zhang Jialing , Schiavinato Eberlin Livia
Published: January 2021

Food authenticity and safety are major public concerns due to the increasing number of food fraud cases. Meat fraud is an economically motivated practice of covertly replacing one type of meat with a cheaper alternative, raising health, safety, and ethical concerns for consumers. In this study, we implement the MasSpec Pen technology for rapid and direct meat analysis and authentication. The MasSpec Pen is an easy-to-use handheld device connected to a mass spectrometer that employs a solvent droplet for gentle chemical analysis of samples. Here, MasSpec Pen analysis was performed directly on several meat types including grain-fed beef, grass-fed beef, venison, cod, halibut, Atlantic salmon, sockeye salmon, and steelhead trout, with a total analysis time of 15 seconds per sample. Statistical models developed with the Lasso method using a training set of samples yielded per-sample accuracies of 95% for the beef model, 100% for the beef versus venison model, and 84% for the multiclass fish model. Metabolic predictors of meat type selected included several metabolites previously described reported in the skeletal muscles of animals, including carnosine, anserine, succinic acid, xanthine and taurine. When testing the models on independent test sets of samples, per-sample accuracies of 100% were achieved for all models, demonstrating the robustness of our method for unadulterated meat authentication. MasSpec Pen feasibility testing for classifying venison and grass-fed beef samples adulterated with grain-fed beef achieved per-sample prediction accuracies of 100% for both classifiers using test sets of samples. Altogether, the results obtained in this study provide compelling evidence that the MasSpec Pen technology is as a promising alternative analytical method for the investigation of meat fraud.
High-Performance Non-doped Blue OLEDs based on Efficiently Triplet-Triplet Upconversion and Aggregation-induced Emission
Authors: Han Pengbo , Lin Chengwei , Wang Kaojin , Qiu Yanping , Wu Haozhong , Ma Dongge , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2021

Triplet-triplet upconversion (TTU), where two low-energy triplet excitons are converted to one higher energy singlet exciton, is excellent approach to break through the theoretical limit of the pure ﬂuorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by 5%. To data, however, the reported emitters with high emission efficiency and efficiently TTU in film state are rare. Herein, we design the blue aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) and investigate their upconversion efficiency. TPA-An-mPhCz can not only achieve high emission efficiency in the film state, but also show high upconversion efficiency of close to 50% even though the calculated energy level of the triplet excitons (T2) is lower than 2T1. A possible upconversion mechanism is proposed according to the transient electroluminescence spectra and theoretical calculation. This strategy may provide a new platform for the construction of highly efficient non-doped blue OLEDs based on TTU and AIEgens.
3D Visualisation of Chemical Shielding Tensors (VIST) to Elucidate Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity
Authors: Plasser Felix , Glöcklhofer Florian
Published: January 2021

Aromaticity is a central concept in chemistry, pervading areas from biochemistry to materials science. Recently, synthetic chemists started to exploit more intricate phenomena such as the interplay of local and global (anti)aromaticity as well as aromaticity in non-planar systems and three dimensions. These phenomena pose new challenges in terms of our fundamental understanding and the practical visualisation of aromaticity, its local variations and anisotropy. To overcome these challenges, a method for the visualisation of chemical shielding tensors (VIST) is developed here. The VIST method is based on nucleus-independent chemical shifts but, in contrast to other methods, allows for a 3D visualisation with quantitative information about the local variations and anisotropy of the chemical shielding. The VIST method is exemplified in benzene to show its main properties, in phenanthrene to highlight various degrees of local aromaticity, and in cyclobuta[l]phenanthrene to illustrate the interplay between local aromaticity and antiaromaticity in its singlet ground state and Baird aromaticity in its triplet excited state.

Subsequently, the interplay of local and global aromaticity is investigated in two non-planar macrocycles, paracyclophanetetraene and [8]cycloparaphenylene, exemplifying the unique benefits of the VIST method for studying (anti)aromaticity in molecules with competing $\pi$-conjugated systems aligned in different planes.

Finally, a stacked norcorrole dimer is studied, showing clear evidence of through-space aromaticity. In summary, we believe that the VIST method will be a highly valuable addition to the computational toolbox of chemists studying (anti)aromaticity or considering it in their molecular design.
Stable CAAC-based Ruthenium Complexes for Dynamic Olefin Metathesis Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Kravchenko Oleksandr , Timmer Brian J.J. , Biedermann Maurice , Inge Andrew Kentaro , Ramstrom Olof
Published: January 2021

A series of olefin metathesis catalysts bearing cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands of varying size and steric demand has been synthesized and evaluated in ring-closing-, self-, and cross-metathesis reactions at room temperature. The catalysts were also probed for potential applications in dynamic covalent chemistry. The majority of the catalysts showed high stability, and remained active in the reaction mixtures for several days, including in methanol-based solutions. Higher temperatures could be used to control the reactivity towards sterically challenging substrates, enabling formation of tetrasubstituted olefins. The CAAC complexes exhibited remarkable functional group tolerance towards heteroaromatic and nucleophilic additives, making them potentially useful in the screening of biologically active compounds.
A Single Residue on the WPD-Loop Affects the pH Dependency of Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
Authors: Shen Ruidan , Crean Rory , Johnson Sean , Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn , Hengge Alvan C.
Published: January 2021

Catalysis by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) relies on the motion of a flexible protein loop (the WPD-loop) that carries a residue acting as a general acid/base catalyst during the PTP-catalyzed reaction. The orthogonal substitutions of a non-catalytic residue in the WPD-loops of YopH and PTP1B results in shifted pH-rate profiles, from an altered kinetic pKa of the nucleophilic cysteine. Compared to WT, the G352T YopH variant has a broadened pH-rate profile, similar activity at optimal pH, but significantly higher activity at low pH. Changes in the corresponding PTP1B T177G variant are more modest and in the opposite direction, with a narrowed pH profile and less activity in the most acidic range. Crystal structures of the variants show no structural perturbations, but suggest an increased preference for the WPD-loop closed conformation. Computational analysis confirms a shift in loop conformational equilibrium in favor of the closed conformation, arising from a combination of increased stability of the closed state and destabilization of the loop-open state. Simulations identify the origins of this population shift, revealing differences in the flexibility of the WPD-loop and neighboring regions. Our results demonstrate that changes to the pH dependency of catalysis by PTPs can result from small changes in amino acid composition in their WPD-loops affecting only loop dynamics and conformational equilibrium. The perturbation of kinetic pKa values of catalytic residues by non-chemical processes affords a means for nature to alter an enzyme’s pH dependency by a less disruptive path than altering electrostatic networks around catalytic residues themselves.
(DMP)DAB–Pd–MAH: A Versatile Pd(0) Source for Precatalyst Formation, Reaction Screening, and Preparative-Scale Synthesis
Authors: Huang Jingjun , Isaac Matthew , Watt Ryan , Becica Joseph , Dennis Emma , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Sabbers William A. , Leitch David
Published: January 2021

We report an easily prepared and bench-stable mononuclear Pd(0) source stabilized by a chelating N,N’-diaryldiazabutadiene ligand and maleic anhydride: DMPDAB–Pd–MAH. Phosphine ligands of all types, including bidentate phosphines and large cone angle biarylphosphines, rapidly and completely displace the diazabutadiene ligand at room temperature to give air-stable Pd(0) phosphine complexes. DMPDAB–Pd–MAH itself is readily soluble and stable in several organic solvents, making it an ideal Pd source for in situ catalyst preparation during reaction screening, as well as solution-dispensing to plate-based reaction arrays for high-throughput experimentation. Evaluation of DMPDAB–Pd–MAH alongside other common Pd(0) and Pd(II) sources in microscale reaction screens reveals that DMPDAB–Pd–MAH is superior at identifying hits across six different C–N, C–C, and C–O coupling reactions. DMPDAB–Pd–MAH, and the phosphine precatalysts derived therefrom, are also effective in preparative-scale cross couplings at low Pd loadings.
Heterogeneous Adsorption and Local Ordering of Formate on a Magnetite Surface
Authors: Creutzburg Marcus , Sellschopp Kai , Tober Steffen , Grånäs Elin , Vonk Vedran , Mayr-Schmölzer Wernfried , Müller Stefan , Noei Heshmat , Vonbun-Feldbauer Gregor , Stierle Andreas
Published: January 2021

We report a novel heterogeneous adsorption mechanism of formic acid on the magnetite (111) surface. Our experimental results and DFT calculations give evidence for dissociative adsorption of formic acid in quasi-bidentate and chelating geometries. The latter is induced by the presence of iron vacancies at the surface, making oxygen atoms accessible for hydrogen atoms from dissociated formic acid. DFT calculations predict that both adsorption geometries are energetically favorable under our experimental conditions. The calculations prove that the locally observed (sqrt(3)xsqrt(3)) R30° superstructure consists of formate in a triangular arrangement, adsorbed predominantly in chelating geometry. The results show how defects can stabilize alternative adsorption geometries, which is a crucial ingredient for a detailed atomistic understanding of reaction barriers on magnetite and other oxide surfaces, as well as for the stability of carboxylic acid based nanocomposite materials.
Fluoride Anions in All-Silica Zeolites: Studying Preferred Fluoride Sites and Dynamic Disorder with Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Fischer Michael
Published: January 2021

In all-silica zeolites synthesised via the “fluoride route”, the fluoride anions are typically incorporated in small cages, forming [SiO4F]- trigonal bipyramids. While diffraction and NMR experiments can elucidate the fluoride location(s) and the occurrence/absence of dynamic disorder, they provide limited insights into the factors that determine equilibrium position and dynamic behaviour. To develop a more thorough understanding, electronic structure calculations in the framework of dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) were performed for five all-silica zeolites (NON, STF, IFR, STT, CHA frameworks). DFT-based predictions of the energetically preferred fluoride location within a given cage were mostly in excellent agreement with experiment. Apart from the known tendency of fluoride anions to locate close to small rings, there are no easily generalisable crystal-chemical rules to predict the most probable fluoride sites.DFT-based molecular dynamics calculations were employed to predict and explain the dynamic behaviour of the fluoride anions, which differs markedly among the different frameworks. On the basis of the simulations, it could be determined that local interactions of fluoride anions with framework Si atoms have larger impact on the (non-)occurrence of dynamic disorder than longer-range interactions with the organic structure-directing agents. In addition to providing detailed understanding of the behaviour of fluoride anions in as-synthesised all-silica zeolites, the findings of the present work could contribute to a further elucidation of the structure-directing role of fluoride during zeolite synthesis.
A PREPARAÇÃO NERVO FRÊNICO-DIAFRAGMA (CAMUNDONGOS/RATOS) E A TÉCNICA MIOGRÁFICA COMO FERRAMENTA FARMACOLÓGICA/ The phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation (mice/rats) and the miographic technique as a pharmacological tool
Authors: De Souza Jocimar Franco , Oshima-Franco Yoko , Freitas Nobel Penteado de
Published: January 2021

A junção neuromuscular (JNM) é formada por sinapses entre um nervo motor e um músculo esquelético. Ensaios farmacológicos realizados na JNM são de extrema importância, pois permitem testar, validar e estudar a farmacodinâmica de diversas substâncias. Uma preparação neuromuscular muito utilizada para este propósito é a preparação ex vivo Nervo Frênico-Diafragma (NFD). O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar sobre o uso da preparação NFD de camundongos/ratos através de técnica miográfica. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa foi realizada utilizando-se “rats or mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation” como descritores, nas bases de dados PubMed, Google Acadêmico, SciElo e Periódicos CAPES. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos que utilizaram ambos, preparação NFD e técnica miográfica, no período de 1946 a 2019. A JNM representa anatomicamente a sinapse nervo-músculo, simples de ser isolada e fácil de ser estudada. Há diversos protocolos farmacológicos (pré-, pós- e na fenda sinaptica) utilizando-se essas preparações através da técnica miográfica, com resultados assertivos sobre a farmacodinâmica de determinadas substâncias. Feito o levantamento, a base de dados em que se obteve mais publicações foi o Google Acadêmico, com uma média de 29 artigos por ano (70% das publicações), seguida do Periódico CAPES com 11 artigos por ano em média (25,4% das publicações), PubMed com média de dois artigos por ano (4,2% das publicações) e, enfim, SciElo com média de um artigo por ano (0,4% das publicações). Em conclusão, o uso da preparação NFD de ratos/camundongos no período levantado mostra que, mesmo com a preocupação da Comissão de Ética para o Uso de Animais (CEUA), as pesquisas com animais foram recorrentes e de grande importância. Este robusto modelo experimental tem permitido abrir perspectivas para novas perguntas na área da ciência, podendo ser complementado com outros ensaios como bioquímicos, histológicos e imunohistoquímicos
DESENVOLVIMENTO PRÉ-LINGUÍSTICO DE CRIANÇAS NASCIDAS PREMATURAS DE 0 A 12 MESES: o ato responsivo nas relações dialógicas no App Universo Prematuro®
Authors: Montesanti Adriana Pernambuco , Brunherotti Marisa Afonso Andrade , Borges Marilurdes Cruz
Published: January 2021

O estudo pretende destacar a relevância das relações de vínculo entre o binômio mãe-bebê, conceituando aspectos cerebrais, cognitivos e sociais durante o processo de aquisição da linguagem desde o nascimento até os 12 meses de vida. Interessa-nos destacar a importância da interação dialógica existente na comunicação verbal e não verbal via aplicativo Universo Prematuro®. A revisão bibliográfica parte dos estudos da teoria cognitiva de Vykgosk e Piaget e do conceito de responsividade na visão bakthiniana. Para amparar os estudos, foram analisados aspectos da neurociência por meio de estudos científicos sobre o desenvolvimento infantil, disponíveis nas bases de dados Periódicos Capes e Google Scholar. Espera-se, com a presente pesquisa, elucidar a importância da interação mãe/bebê, por meio de estímulos dialógicos precoces, verbais e/ou não verbais. A intervenção e auxílio no desenvolvimento cognitivo de grupo vulnerável, proporciona equidade e qualidade de vida saudável, quando minimizadas as possibilidades de desenvolvimento linguístico atípico ou da detecção tardia, iminentes em decorrência da condição da prematuridade.
A PSICOLOGIA E OS PSICÓLOGOS(AS) NOS ESTUDOS EM EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL: Encaminhamentos para pesquisa
Authors: Monteiro Solange Aparecida de Souza , Silva Claudionor Renato da
Published: January 2021

A problemática deste estudo é elencar encaminhamentos à formação em pesquisa para psicólogos(as) e, respectivas contribuições à Educação (à Pedagogia, em especial), no tocante a produção stricto das ciências psicológicas nos temas da Educação Sexual. Objetivo geral é apontar a produção de conhecimento em Educação Sexual de psicólogos e psicólogas na área da Psicologia (programas de pós-graduação brasileiros). De metodologia bibliográfica a partir de levantamentos no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, acompanhado de buscas em outras fontes online como a plataforma lattes (currículo lattes dos pesquisadores/as) e consultas à plataforma Sucupira para localização dos conceitos dos Programas em Psicologia, elaboram-se três encaminhamentos à pesquisa em Psicologia para os estudos da Educação Sexual e três contribuições dadas à própria área e à área da Educação e Educação Sexual no incentivo e na formação de novos(as) pesquisadores(as), a partir da Iniciação Científica.
A (RE)CONSTRUÇÃO DO ETHOS DE NARUTO UZUMAKI
Authors: Silva Guilherme Matheus da , Carmelino Ana Cristina
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como finalidade mostrar como se efetiva a mudança dos ethé, de negativo para positivo, de Naruto Uzumaki, personagem principal da série Naruto (2007), considerando sua relevância no anime. A metodologia adotada será a captura, pelos stills dos vídeos, de sete cenas e a transcrição dos discursos com base nas normas do NURC/SP (CASTILHO; PRETI, 1986). O sucesso da série, segundo entendemos, deve-se à personalidade forte e à coragem do protagonista, elementos que sustentam a persuasão da trama. A análise fundamenta-se nos pressupostos teóricos da Retórica clássica (ARISTÓTELES, 2015), da Nova Retórica (PERELMAN; OLBRECHTS-TYTECA, 2005; REBOUL, 2004; MEYER, 2007; FERREIRA, 2010; FIORIN, 2015) e da Análise do Discurso (MAINGUENEAU, 2008), respaldando-se especificamente na noção de ethos.
Alignment of Doctoral Student and Supervisor Expectations in Malaysia
Authors: Baydarova Irina , E Collins Heidi , Ait Saadi Ismail
Published: January 2021

Aim/Purpose: This paper compares doctoral student and supervisor expectations of their respective roles and responsibilities in doctoral research supervision relationships in Malaysia. It identifies the areas, and the extent to which expectations align or differ.

Background: Incongruence of expectations between doctoral students and their supervisor has been cited as a major contributor to slow completion times and high attrition rates for doctoral students. While researchers urge the need for explicit discussion of expectations, in practice doctoral students and supervisors rarely make their expectations explicit to each other, and few researchers have examined the areas of alignment or misalignment of expectations in depth.

Methodology: Semi-structured interviews were held with fifteen doctoral students and twelve supervisors from two research-intensive universities in Malaysia. An inductive thematic analysis of data was conducted.

Contribution: This paper provides the first in-depth direct comparison of student-supervisor expectations in Malaysia. A hierarchical model of student-supervisor expectations is presented.

Findings: Expectations vary in the degree of congruence, and the degree to which they are clarified by students and supervisors across four different areas: academic practice, academic outcomes, skills and personal attributes, personal relationships. A hierarchical model is proposed to describe the extent to which both students and supervisors are able to clarify their mutual expectations arising throughout the doctoral student-supervisor relationship.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Institutions should support discussions with both doctoral students and supervisors of expectations of their student-supervisor interactions, and encourage them to be more proactive in exploring their mutual expectations.

Recommendation for Researchers: Data is recommended to be collected from students who have recently completed their studies, given the observation that some student participants were uncomfortable speaking about their supervisors while still in the student-supervisor relationship.

Impact on Society: Opening opportunities for discussions of expectations by students and supervisors, supported and encouraged by the institutions within which they work, can help set the scene for positive and productive relationships.

Future Research: Findings indicate there is need to examine in depth the impact of gender, and the competing pressures to publish and graduate on time, as they relate to the student-supervisor relationships and experience.
Kursi Roda Elektrik dengan Kendali Gestur Kepala
Authors: Prilian Tiar , Rusmana Iyus , Handayani Trie
Published: January 2021

A wheelchair is a tool that can be used to mobilize patients who experience paralysis, especially paralysis in the legs, so they can move from one place to another independently. An electric wheelchair is a type of wheelchair that can be controlled by a patient without having to be controlled by another person. The design of this tool utilizes an ADXL335 accelerometer sensor mounted on the patient's head as a determinant of the direction of wheelchair movement, BTS7960 as a DC motor driver, a motor wiper as the main drive for a wheelchair, and the Atmega328P microcontroller as an input and output processor. Gestures of the patient's head (looking down, looking up, head tilted to the right, tilting left) will produce a different voltage output which will be processed by Atmega328P as a determinant of the direction of motion which will be sent to the BTS790 driver to drive the wipper motor as the main driver of the wheelchair. The method of testing and measurement carried out is by testing the response of the ADXL335 accelerometer sensor with the test results of the ADXL335 accelerometer sensor having an accuracy of determining the direction of motion of 100%. The results of testing the average wheelchair speed of 2.3 km / hour with a patient weight of 40-60 kg, and the test results of battery endurance in a wheelchair of 5.07 hours with a patient weight of 40-70 kg with a 12V18Ah battery.
The category of truth in Bakunin's political and legal theory
Authors: Demin Sergey
Published: January 2021

The subject of the study is the problem of truth in the political and legal theory of Mikhail Bakunin. The object of the study is the social relations that form different interpretations of the concept of truth in the teachings of M. Bakunin. The author examines in detail the correlation of truth in the works of the anarchist theorist from both a philosophical and a dogmatic point of view. It is analyzed in detail in the doctrine of interspersed jurisprudence from an economic point of view, as well as the theory of knowledge, which was understood by M.Bakunin as phenomena in their pure completeness without any admixture of fantasies, assumptions or other attachments of human consciousness, in which the difference between epistemology and law is manifested. Special attention is paid to M. Bakunin's reflection on the laws of nature and lawmaking.

The main conclusions of the study are:

- the reason for the utopianism of Bakunin's teaching, in our opinion, is his rejection of the legislative consolidation of the fundamental principles of law, which in turn replaces law with morality.

A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the conclusion that the most developed economic liberalism in the middle of the 19th century in Russia was in Siberia, which was facilitated by the patronage of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia Muravyov.

The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time M. Bakin's ideas about truth are analyzed not from the point of view of criticism of Marxism-Leninism, but from the philosophical and legal-dogmatic side.
The role of the principles of international law in maintaining of the effectiveness of international law
Authors: Klimenko Aleksey
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to finding of the meaning of the principles of international law in the system of international law standards. It is true that the principles of international law give a certain direction both to the systems of international law standards and international law relations as well as to the formation of the law practice. They are justifiably considered as the unique law standards. By applying socio-axiological approach, that complies social and axiological methodology (with the dominance of the former) to international law, the author consider principles of international law as standards that channel the activity of the subjects of international law relations towards the major law values that lay the ground for the international law order. The paper carries out the analysis of the principles of international law. The author come to the conclusion that the principles of international law, on one hand, make the international law system more flexible and, on the other hand, let it operate effectively enough even under conditions of law vacuum. It is ironic, that, from one hand, the principles, that constitute general and rather abstract requirements stipulating the behavior of the subjects of international law relations, are considered as rather flexible standards that require additional interpretation according to each individual case, and, from the other hand, these principles tightly link the behavior with the system of core values, with “the axis” of values of international law, with international law as the system of values. The authors consider these standards or principles as the most “organic” for international law as a unique system of law, ensuring its effectiveness, which is guaranteed by a certain level of flexibility, under the condition that it depends on basic law values
INTERFACE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN CONVENTIONAL MEDIA IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Agboola AbdulhameedKayode , Yusuf Ibrahim
Published: January 2021

Technology will continue to develop and change how journalism is practice, it will bring with it new challenges and learning curves. What will not change is the public’s demand for news and information, the kind that helps them manage their personal lives and make decisions as educated citizens in the public realm. While much discussion focuses on how we read the news, technology is changing the way we report the news. The image of a reporter showing up to a scene with a pen and a pad is iconic but will soon lose to the vestiges of time. This paper argues that the Newspaper media will continue to satisfy this public demand using the new tools of technological innovation. They will expand their audiences and engage them in novel and exciting ways. Therefore, justice was done to the discussion by providing answers to the following guiding questions: In what form are social media projected / displayed in prints and electronic media? What use have they been put into? For what purpose are they being used for? These are the guiding questions that the study aims to answer in this study. The study concludes that the Nigeria media sector can now be said to be equally exploring new media to leverage on its activities. Finally, the paper recommends that other newspapers in Nigeria should emulate The Punch newspaper and Channel TV in capturing new media in their daily print and broadcast contents.
Cover and Contents
Authors: Lima Silvio Felipe Barbosa de
Published: January 2021

Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências Exatas e da Natureza is a peer-reviewed, free-access multidisciplinary electronic journal with no publication fees edited by a team of professors of the Academic Unit of Exact and Natural Sciences (UACEN) of the Professor Training Center (CFP) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) – Cajazeiras campus – in the state of Paraíba, Brazil.

The journal is directed primarily to the academic-scientific community and continually receives contributions for the publication of regular editions as well as thematic, special and/or supplementary editions.