bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Filled Papers, on their Manufacturing, Processing, and Applications
Authors: Dermeik Benjamin , Lorenz Hannes , Bonet Alexander , Travitzky Nahum
Published: May 2019

Since more than a decade ago, the research on highly filled papers, as well as paper‐derived inorganic materials, has greatly intensified. As presented in this review, highly filled papers as preforms allow for the design of porous or dense, multilayered, and geometrically complex structures. These paper‐derived ceramic‐ or metal‐based materials are generated by the heat‐treatment of highly filled papers. Paper‐derived materials are potential materials of choice for applications in transportation, energy‐generation, environmental conservation, support structures, medical uses, and electronic components. Due to the adjustability of the filler content and the good machinability of highly filled papers, paper‐derived sheets or multilayers may include intricate structures and tailored gradients in phase structure or porosity. Paper‐derived multilayers also may contain cast ceramic tapes or other functionalized layers, as presented in some examples. Computer‐aided manufacturing processes for paper‐derived materials can be supplemented by prediction models for the sintering shrinkage in order to identify optimal post‐processing steps, stacking orders and orientations for highly filled paper layers within multilayer green bodies. The accuracy of established component‐level sintering models can be significantly increased by microstructure models of the highly filled paper.
Self‐Stratifying Silicone Coating with Nonleaching Antifoulant for Marine Anti‐Biofouling
Authors: Xie Qingyi , Zeng Haohang , Peng Qingmei , Bressy Christine , Ma Chunfeng , Zhang Guangzhao
Published: May 2019

Chemical immobilization of antifoulant groups to polymers is a promising approach to develop ecofriendly antifouling materials with static antifouling ability and a durable efficacy. In this work, telomer of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA), triclosan acrylate (TA), and 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH590) is grafted to bis‐silanol terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), yielding a novel self‐stratifying silicone coating containing nonleaching antifoulants. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that the antifoulant groups are enriched on the coating surface due to DFMA migration. Such a modified PDMS coating can significantly inhibit the growth of marine bacterial biofilm and the adhesion of diatoms owing to the nonleaching antifoulant groups. On the other hand, the coating exhibits a good fouling release performance since it inherits the low surface energy (≈20 mJ m−2) and low elastic modulus (<2 MPa) from PDMS forming a physically dynamic surface. Marine field tests demonstrate that the coating has excellent antifouling ability after immersion in natural seawater for more than 6 months.
Long‐Term, High‐Voltage, and High‐Temperature Stable Dual‐Mode, Low Dark Current Broadband Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on Solution‐Cast r‐GO on MBE‐Grown Highly Resistive GaN
Authors: Prakash Nisha , Kumar Gaurav , Singh Manjri , Singh Surinder P. , Satpati Biswarup , Khanna Suraj P. , Pal Prabir
Published: May 2019

New generation of hybrid photodetectors may provide the optimal solution for compact, highly sensitive, durable, and reliable broadband ultraviolet (BUV) sensors. A high‐performance dual‐mode BUV photodetector based on melding of highly resistive GaN and reduced graphene oxide is reported. Under zero bias, the device exhibits a sub‐picoampere dark current, high light‐to‐dark current (ILight/IDark) ratio of ≈3.8 × 103 and high BUV–visible rejection ratio (≈1.8 × 102) with fast rise and fall times. The photodetector displays remarkable stability when subject to extreme operating conditions. The photoresponse of the detector shows a dark current of ≈2.41 nA at ± 200 V bias, ILight/IDark ratio of ≈200 and high BUV–vis rejection ratio (≈7 × 102). The response time of device is typically in the range of 15–27 ms measured at 12 Hz light chopping frequency. When subjected to high working temperature of up to 116 °C, it shows a stable optical switching response. In addition, the device displays impressive long‐term stability with no change in photoresponse even after a period of 28 months. This unique combination of low dark current, dual‐mode operation, and no aging effects upon prolonged exposure to high‐operating voltage, high‐temperature, and BUV radiation is attractive for a variety of harsh environment applications.
Experimental study on thermo‐hydraulic performance of nanofluids upward flowing through helical tubes of heat exchanger system based on thermal efficiency
Authors: Qi Cong , Zhai Xinfeng , Liu Maoni , Li Keao , Fan Fan , Liang Lin
Published: May 2019

Convective heat transfer and resistance coefficient of nanofluids upward flowing through helical tubes are experimentally researched in this paper. The effects of three factors (thread pitches [s = 10, 12.5, and 15 cm], inclination angles [β = 0°, 45°, and 90°], and nanoparticle mass fractions [ω = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%]) on the heat transfer and flow characteristics are discussed. A thermal efficiency evaluation plot is applied to evaluate the thermo‐hydraulic performance of nanofluids. Results show that Nusselt number and resistance coefficient increase with the increasing nanoparticle mass fraction and the decreasing thread pitches. It is also found that helical tube with inclination angle β = 45° shows the best heat transfer performance and that with inclination angle β = 90° shows the worst heat transfer performance. In addition, it is found from the thermal efficiency evaluation plot that the experimental data almost locate in Regions I and II and nanofluids in helical tubes can improve the heat transfer under the same pressure drop. The helical tube with s = 10 cm and β = 45° at the range of Reynolds number (Re > 8,000) shows the largest thermal efficiency.
CLEC3A, MMP7, and LCN2 as novel markers for predicting recurrence in resected G1 and G2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Miki Masami , Oono Takamasa , Fujimori Nao , Takaoka Takehiro , Kawabe Ken , Miyasaka Yoshihiro , Ohtsuka Takao , Saito Daisuke , Nakamura Masafumi , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Oda Yoshinao , Suyama Mikita , Ito Tetsuhide , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: May 2019

Although the postoperative recurrence rate for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) is reported to be 13.5%‐30%, the paucity of valuable biomarkers to predict recurrence poses a problem for the early detection of relapse. Hence, this study aimed to identify new biomarkers to predict the recurrence of PNETs. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) on RNA isolated from frozen primary tumors sampled from all localized G1/G2 PNETs resected curatively from 1998 to 2015 in our institution. We calculated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tumor with and without recurrence (≥3 years) for the propensity‐matched cohort. Gene ontology analysis for the identified DEGs was also performed. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression levels of candidate genes as recurrence predictors via immunostaining. Comparison of transcriptional levels in tumors with and without recurrence identified 166 DEGs. Up‐ and downregulated genes with high significance in these tumors were mainly related to extracellular organization and cell adhesion, respectively. We observed the top three upregulated genes, C‐type lectin domain family 3 member A (CLEC3A), matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP7), and lipocalin2 (LCN2) immunohistochemically and compared their levels in recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors. Significantly higher recurrence rate was shown in patients with positive expression of CLEC3A (P = 0.028), MMP7 (P = 0.003), and LCN2 (P = 0.040) than that with negative expression. We identified CLEC3A, MMP7, and LCN2 known to be associated with the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/Akt pathway, as potential novel markers to predict the postoperative recurrence of PNETs.
Removal of Fluoride and Arsenic by a Hybrid Constructed Wetland System
Authors: Lu Han , Li Jüan , Liu Xinchun , Yu Zhisheng , Liu Ruyin
Published: May 2019

A pilot‐scale hybrid wetland system was constructed for the removal of fluoride and arsenic from synthetic wastewater. After five months of operation, the fluoride and arsenic removal rate were at the value of 65 % and 90 %, respectively. Through calculation, the accumulation of fluoride in plants only accounted for 1.63 % of the accumulation in substrates, and the accumulation of arsenic in plants accounted for 3.3 % of that in substrates. Both the accumulation of fluoride and arsenic in plants were much higher in roots than that in leaves. And for substrates, the accumulation in the first layer was higher than the second layer. The changes of microbial community in the substrate of the wetland during the operation were also analyzed to investigate the effects of operating condition on the microbial community and to study the role of microorganism on the removal of fluoride and arsenic. The results showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes reduced, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased, indicating that the fluoride and arsenic in solution had a great influence on the microbial community. Findings of this study suggest that the hybrid constructed wetland system may be a promising process for the removal of fluoride and arsenic from synthetic wastewater.
Are changes in children's communication patterns predictive of treatment outcomes for children with anxiety?
Authors: Lichtwarck‐Aschoff Anna , van Rooij Marieke M.J.W.
Published: May 2019

Anxiety is the most prevalent childhood psychopathology. Cognitive behavioural therapy is considered the most effective treatment, but outcomes remain variable. This study investigated children's communication patterns in child–therapist conversations and whether changes in these patterns, from rigid to more flexible, were associated with better treatment outcomes. Fifty‐three children (31% boys), with a mean age in years of M = 9.68 (SD = 1.85), completed a 12‐week cognitive behavioural therapy program. Maternal as well as children's reports of children's anxiety were assessed pretreatment and posttreatment. Additionally, 15‐min segments of two therapy sessions were audiotaped and children's conversational turns were coded for properties of response and initiative. The structure of children's communication patterns was further quantified using recurrence quantification analysis. As expected children entering treatment were characterised by rigid and inhibited conversational behaviour. Children who became less repetitive and deterministic over time had better maternal‐rated treatment outcomes. These findings did not generalize to child reports. Last, the hypothesis that the positive relation between the breaking of rigid communication patterns and treatment outcome would be mediated by increases in proactive conversational behaviours of the child was only partly supported. These study findings contribute to the emergent literature on processes of change in childhood anxiety treatment by providing initial support for the hypothesis that breaking rigid (communication) patterns may be a prerequisite of clinical change.
Pharmacy‐based interdisciplinary intervention for patients with chronic heart failure: results of the PHARM‐CHF randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schulz Martin , Griese‐Mammen Nina , Anker Stefan D. , Koehler Friedrich , Ihle Peter , Ruckes Christian , Schumacher Pia M. , Trenk Dietmar , Böhm Michael , Laufs Ulrich ,   for the PHARM‐CHF Investigators
Published: May 2019

Aims

Medication non‐adherence is frequent and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated whether an interdisciplinary intervention improves adherence in elderly CHF patients.

Methods and results

The study population (mean age 74 years, 62% male, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 47%, 52% in New York Heart Association class III) consisted of 110 patients randomized into the pharmacy care and 127 into the usual care group. The median follow‐up was 2.0 years (interquartile range 1.2–2.7). The pharmacy care group received a medication review followed by regular dose dispensing and counselling. Control patients received usual care. The primary endpoint was medication adherence as proportion of days covered (PDC) within 365 days for three classes of heart failure medications (beta‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists). The main secondary outcome was the proportion of adherent patients (PDC ≥ 80%). The primary safety endpoint was days lost due to unplanned cardiovascular hospitalizations (blindly adjudicated) or death. Pharmacy care compared with usual care resulted in an absolute increase in mean adherence to three heart failure medications for 365 days [adjusted difference 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–9.8, P = 0.007]. The proportion of patients classified as adherent increased (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–5.9, P = 0.005). Pharmacy care improved quality of life after 2 years (adjusted difference in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire scores −7.8 points (−14.5 to −1.1; P = 0.02), compared to usual care. Pharmacy care did not affect the safety endpoints of hospitalizations or deaths.

Conclusion

Pharmacy care safely improved adherence to heart failure medications and quality of life.
Clinical practice update on heart failure 2019: pharmacotherapy, procedures, devices and patient management. An expert consensus meeting report of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Seferovic Petar M. , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D. , Bauersachs Johann , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cleland John G.F. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Drexel Heinz , Ben Gal Tuvia , Hill Loreena , Jaarsma Tiny , Jankowska Ewa A. , Anker Markus S. , Lainscak Mitja , Lewis Basil S. , McDonagh Theresa , Metra Marco , Milicic Davor , Mullens Wilfried , Piepoli Massimo F. , Rosano Giuseppe , Ruschitzka Frank , Volterrani Maurizio , Voors Adriaan A. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Coats Andrew J.S.
Published: May 2019

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has published a series of guidelines on heart failure (HF) over the last 25 years, most recently in 2016. Given the amount of new information that has become available since then, the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC recognized the need to review and summarise recent developments in a consensus document. Here we report from the HFA workshop that was held in January 2019 in Frankfurt, Germany. This expert consensus report is neither a guideline update nor a position statement, but rather a summary and consensus view in the form of consensus recommendations. The report describes how these guidance statements are supported by evidence, it makes some practical comments, and it highlights new research areas and how progress might change the clinical management of HF. We have avoided re‐interpretation of information already considered in the 2016 ESC/HFA guidelines.

Specific new recommendations have been made based on the evidence from major trials published since 2016, including sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus, MitraClip for functional mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation ablation in HF, tafamidis in cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis, rivaroxaban in HF, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators in non‐ischaemic HF, and telemedicine for HF. In addition, new trial evidence from smaller trials and updated meta‐analyses have given us the chance to provide refined recommendations in selected other areas.

Further, new trial evidence is due in many of these areas and others over the next 2 years, in time for the planned 2021 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure.
Clinical significance of high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Huang Jiayi , Zeng Tingting , Tian Yongjian , Wu Yang , Yu Jianlin , Pei Zihuan , Tan Liming
Published: May 2019

Background

Simple method to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is in great need clinically. This study aims to assess the clinical significance of high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) in predicting T2DM combined with COPD in Chinese patients with T2DM or COPD.

Methods

Serum concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c), C‐reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), HMGB1, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil% (NEU%), and lung function text such as forced expiratory volume 1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and forced expiratory volume 1% predicted value (FEV1%pred) were measured in 126 T2DM patients, 118 COPD patients, 112 T2DM combined with COPD patients, and 120 healthy controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors for T2DM combined with COPD.

Results

High‐mobility group box‐1 elevated in patients with T2DM combined with COPD, significantly higher than other subjects (P < 0.05), and differences in HMGB1 also existed between patients with T2DM or COPD and healthy individuals (P < 0.01). HMGB1 was positively correlated with HOMA‐IR, FBG, and HbA1c (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC and FEV1%pred (P < 0.01). Logistic regression showed that HMGB1 was identified to be independent risk factor for T2DM combined with COPD.

Conclusion

High‐mobility group box‐1 was independent risk factor for T2DM combined with COPD and can be served to predict the occurrence of T2DM combined with COPD.
Survey of knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among community pharmacists in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Zin Rosdi Md , Hong Yet Hoi , Ming Long Chiau , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Dali Ahmad Fauzi , Neoh Chin Fen
Published: May 2019

Background

Community pharmacists play a pivotal role in adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting because they provide services to a large proportion of the community. Although ADR reporting by healthcare providers in Malaysia is increasing, few ADR reports are submitted by community pharmacists.

Aim

This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practice of ADR reporting, as well as barriers and facilitators of ADR reporting, among community pharmacists in Malaysia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional 52‐item validated questionnaire was distributed to 278 community pharmacists in Selangor, Malaysia, in 2015. Multistage sampling was performed whereby community pharmacists from three of the nine administrative districts in the region were eligible for inclusion. Community pharmacies were then randomly sampled from the selected districts. Data are reported using descriptive statistics.

Results

A total of 219 pharmacists responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 78.8%. These community pharmacists self‐reported a positive attitude towards ADR reporting. Nevertheless, less than half (34.2%; n = 75) had previously reported an ADR. Lack of information provided by the patient, insufficient clinical knowledge and uncertainty relating to the association between the adverse reaction and the drug were the main barriers to ADR reporting.

Conclusions

The attitude and practices among community pharmacists indicates there is room for improvement in ADR reporting in Malaysia. Ongoing education and training on ADR reporting for community pharmacists is required to ensure delivery of high‐quality care to the community.
Aerobic Training in Young Men Increases the Transfer of Cholesterol to High Density Lipoprotein In Vitro: Impact of High Density Lipoprotein Size
Authors: da Silva Jeferson L. , Maranhão Raul C. , Silva Michelle S.M. , Dias Rodrigo G. , Freitas Fatima R. , Bolani Wladimir , Lemos Junior José R. , Alves Cleber R. , Oliveira Patrícia A. , Alves Guilherme B. , Oliveira Edilamar M. , Negrao Carlos Eduardo , Krieger José Eduardo , Pereira Alexandre C. , Silva Gisele A. , Souza José P. , Vinagre Carmen G.C.
Published: May 2019

Exercise training not only improves the plasma lipid profile but also reduces risk of developing coronary heart disease. We investigate whether plasma lipids and high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism are affected by aerobic training and whether the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels at baseline influence exercise‐induced changes in HDL. Seventy‐one male sedentary volunteers were evaluated and allocated in two subgroups, according to the HLD‐C levels (< or >40 mg/dL). Participants underwent an 18‐week aerobic training period. Blood was sampled before and after training for biochemical analysis. Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, HDL diameter, and VO2 peak were determined. Lipid transfers to HDL were determined in vitro by incubating plasma samples with a donor lipid artificial nanoemulsion. After the 18‐week period of aerobic training, the VO2 peak increased, while the mean body mass index (BMI) decreased. HDL‐C concentration was higher after the training period, but low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and non‐HDL‐C did not change. The transfer of esterified cholesterol and phospholipids was greater after exercise training, but the triacylglycerol and unesterified cholesterol transfers were unchanged. The HDL particle diameter increased after aerobic training in all participants. When the participants were separated in low‐HDL and normal‐HDL groups, the postaerobic exercise increment in HDL‐C was higher in the low‐HDL group, while the transfer of esterified cholesterol was lower. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training increases the lipid transfers to HDL, as measured by an in vitro method, which possibly contributes to the classical elevation of the HDL‐C associated with training.
Treatment of Café‐Au‐Lait Spots Using Q‐Switched Alexandrite Laser: Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 471 Children in Mainland China
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chu Yan , Xu Zigang , Sun Yujuan , Li Li , Han Xiaofeng , Wang Chen , Wei Li , Liu Yuanxiang , Ma Lin
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives

Café‐au‐lait spots, also known as café‐au‐lait macules (CALMs), are a common pigmentary disorder. Although various laser modalities have been used to treat CALMs, the efficacy of laser treatment in children differs from that in adults. We investigated the efficacy, safety, and clinical factors of the treatment of CALMs using Q‐switched alexandrite laser (755 nm) therapy in children.

Methods

In total, 471 children with CALMs underwent Q‐switched alexandrite laser therapy at a treatment interval of 3–12 months. The safety and efficacy of the laser treatment were evaluated by reviewing clinical records and photographs before and after treatments.

Results

Of the 471 patients, 140 (29.72%) were cured completely, 124 (26.33%) showed substantial improvement, 110 (23.35%) showed improvement, and 97 (20.60%) showed no improvement after one to nine treatments. The overall treatment success rate was 79.41%, and the treatment efficacy was positively correlated with the number of laser treatments (rs = 0.26, P < 0.0001). Sex and the interval of laser treatments were also associated with significant differences in treatment outcomes (P < 0.05). No obvious adverse effects were observed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of treatments influenced the treatment efficacy (odds ratio, 2.130; 95% confidence interval, 1.561–2.908).

Conclusions

Q‐switched alexandrite laser (755 nm) therapy is safe and highly effective for CALMs in children, and the number of treatments affects the treatment efficacy. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential Anti‐Adipogenic Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Obesity
Authors: Zhuang Pan , Lu Yanhua , Shou Qiyang , Mao Lei , He Lilin , Wang Jun , Chen Jingnan , Zhang Yu , Jiao Jingjing
Published: May 2019

Scope

To assess the associations of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with body fat in a population‐based sample and explore the mechanism of action based on browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.

Methods and results

Plasma EPA and DHA of 1719 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2004) are determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, while total body fat is measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. DIO mice are fed a high‐fat diet supplemented with EPA or DHA (1% wt/wt) for 15 weeks and 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes are treated with EPA or DHA during differentiation. Plasma DHA but not EPA is associated with lower body fat mass (ptrend < 0.0001), which persists in overweight/obese subjects (ptrend = 0.02). DHA supplementation reduces inguinal WAT and exhibits a more pronounced thermogenic effect than EPA in DIO mice. In vitro, the browning process is induced after 2‐day and 6‐day treatment with DHA and EPA, respectively.

Conclusion

Plasma DHA but not EPA is inversely associated with body fat mass. The more potent anti‐adipogenic effect of DHA than EPA may involve a better capability of inducing browning of WAT for DHA.
Midurethral slings for treatment of stress urinary incontinence review
Authors: Ford Abigail A. , Taylor Visha , Ogah Joseph , Veit‐Rubin Nikolaus , Khullar Vik , Digesu Guiseppe A.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The midurethral sling (MUS) has largely been regarded as the “gold standard” in treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Recently the safety and use of the MUS has come under scrutiny following concerns about the use of mesh implants. The aim of this review was to detail the background to SUI which has led to the development of MUS, to highlight the issues surrounding the use of mesh under the current climate of mesh controversies and to provide an update on current evidence on the use of MUS.

Materials and methods

We conducted a review of the literature looking at the efficacy and safety of MUS.

Results

MUS has good rates of subjective cure in the short and into the longer term. The overall rates of complications are low including those associated with the use of mesh implants. When compared to other continence procedures, MUS is equally effective in regard to cure but has lower rates of complications and more favorable operative outcomes. The use of mesh has been supported by major Urogynaecological Societies along with the reports from government driven enquiries into the use of mesh.

Conclusions

Overall, MUS have been shown to be an effective and safe surgical treatment for management of stress urinary incontinence.
Development of an ICF‐based questionnaire for urinary and/or fecal incontinence (ICF‐IAF): The male patients' perspective using focus groups
Authors: Kuhn Manuel , Gass Stephanie , Koenig Irene , Radlinger Lorenz , Koehler Barbara
Published: May 2019

Aims

This study seeks to explore barriers faced by and resources available to male patients with urinary (UI) and/or fecal incontinence (FI) based on the ICF framework. As a result, this study contributes to the development of the ICF‐Incontinence Assessment Form (ICF‐IAF), which is designed to be a standardized planning and evaluation tool for interventions in a multidisciplinary setting.

Methods

A mixed‐method sequential design that places emphasis on the quantitative approach was considered appropriate for this study. Focus group interviews (FG) were chosen to collect data. Data were analysed with deductive content analysis and themes identified during FG were linked to the most corresponding ICF categories by two raters. Cohen's κ was calculated to determine interrater reliability.

Results

Four FG were conducted with a total of 13 male participants. The mean age of the participants was 74.7 years. A total of 73 barriers and resources on the second ICF level (body functions 26, body structures five, activities and participation 26 and environmental factors 16), whereby four categories were not sufficiently covered by the ICF, could be identified. The κ score for the two raters was 0.82.

Conclusions

While barriers are fundamental factors affecting patients, this study found that resources are as important and should not be overlooked in the conventional treatment in both UI and FI‐specific assessments.
Effect of a 5‐HT2c receptor agonist on urethral closure mechanism in healthy women
Authors: Klarskov Niels , Van Till Oliver , Sawyer Will , Cernus Dirk , Sawyer Will
Published: May 2019

Aims

To evaluate the effect of ASP2205, a selective serotonin 5‐HT2c receptor agonist, and Duloxetine on the urethral pressure in healthy female subjects.

Methods

Healthy females aged 18 to 55 years were recruited for this phase 1, single site, placebo‐controlled, randomized, four‐period, cross‐over study. The interventions were single oral doses of 10 and 60 mg ASP2205, 80 mg duloxetine, and placebo. As a pharmacodynamics endpoint, opening urethral pressure (OUP), corrected for placebo, was measured using urethral pressure reflectometry under both resting and squeezing condition of the pelvic floor at predose and 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after dosing. Safety and tolerability of ASP2205 were also compared with duloxetine and placebo.

Results

Eighteen healthy women signed informed consent, however, one dropped out before dosing and one dropped out after the first period, therefore, 16 subjects completed the study. Duloxetine significantly increased the OUP during both resting and squeezing condition (maximal increase 18.1 and 16.8 cmH2O, respectively). Both doses of ASP2205 did not increase OUP at any time point. During squeezing OUP decreased significantly in the ASP2205 60 mg group from 6 to 24 hours after dosing. All subjects experienced predominantly central nervous system‐related side effects (eg, dizziness and nausea) during ASP2205 treatment, which was most pronounced at 60 mg.

Conclusions

ASP2205, a serotonin 5‐HT2c receptor agonist, does not increase the urethral pressure and it is therefore unlikely that 5‐HT
2c receptor agonists can be used as a treatment for stress urinary incontinence. ASP2205 was less well tolerated than the high dose of duloxetine.
An adaptive isogeometric analysis meshfree collocation method for elasticity and frictional contact problems
Authors: Nguyen‐Thanh Nhon , Li Weidong , Huang Jiazhao , Srikanth Narasimalu , Zhou Kun
Published: May 2019

A collocation method has been recently developed as a powerful alternative to Galerkin's method in the context of isogeometric analysis, characterized by significantly reduced computational cost, but still guaranteeing higher‐order convergence rates. In this work, we propose a novel adaptive isogeometric analysis meshfree collocation (IGAM‐C) for the two‐dimensional (2D) elasticity and frictional contact problems. The concept of the IGAM‐C method is based upon the correspondence between the isogeometric collocation and reproducing kernel meshfree approach, which facilitates the robust mesh adaptivity in isogeometric collocation. The proposed method reconciles collocation at the Greville points via the discretization of the strong form of the equilibrium equations. The adaptive refinement in collocation is guided by the gradient‐based error estimator. Moreover, the resolution of the nonlinear equations governing the contact problem is derived from a strong form to avoid the disadvantages of numerical integration. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and straightforward implementation of the present method for adaptive analysis.
Differential diagnoses of enamel hypomineralisation in an archaeological context: A postmedieval skeletal collection reassessment
Authors: Garot Elsa , Couture‐Veschambre Christine , Manton David John , Bekvalac Jelena , Rouas Patrick
Published: May 2019

Developmental enamel defects (DDE) are often used as indicators of general health in past archaeological populations. DDE include three common types of lesions: hypoplasia, diffuse, and demarcated opacities. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) was defined in 2001 as a qualitative enamel defect affecting first permanent molars and often permanent incisors. The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry established criteria to diagnose MIH in current populations as demarcated white or yellow‐brown opacities of enamel with or without posteruptive breakdown. MIH is prevalent in current populations (average 14.2%) and may cause important damage to first permanent molars. Aetiological factors are uncertain. The discovery of MIH in archaeological skeletal collections based on macroscopic examination has been reported previously, in particular by Ogden and colleagues (2008). If MIH exists in past populations, there are profound implications regarding current aetiological hypotheses. Aims of the present study were to (a) reassess the London postmedieval archaeological collection from which the first cases of MIH were reported and evaluate the reliability of MIH diagnosis criteria in past populations and (b) differentially diagnose developmental defects of enamel and post mortem discoloration in the teeth. Contrary to the reported prevalence in the original study (93.2%), among 47 subadult (>18 years) individuals, a low MIH prevalence was determined (27%). Reliability of MIH diagnosis was tested with three MIH experts who were also physical anthropologists. Our study highlighted that the reliability of a macroscopic diagnosis of MIH in past populations is fair (Cohen's kappa = 0.35 ± 0.11; Fleiss's kappa = 0.3). It could explain the large differential in prevalence values in studies performed in archaeological collections. Pathological and taphonomic agents can produce enamel modifications indistinguishable from one another, even to an “experienced eye.” Here, we examined the literature to highlight potential differential diagnoses of MIH (taphonomic discoloration, amelogenesis imperfecta, fluorosis, rachitic teeth, etc.). Employing nondestructive analyses to characterise and diagnose tooth discoloration in past populations is highly recommended.
Can disincentives bring accountability in governance? Experiences of Right to Public Services Guarantee Act in Madhya Pradesh State of India
Authors: Singh Shyam , Kumar Yogesh , Arrawatia Rakesh
Published: May 2019

Many Indian states have enacted Right to Public Services Guarantee Act that promises the delivery of public services to citizens in time‐bound fashion, failing to which, responsible government officials face financial penalty. Therefore, effective service delivery, an indicator of good and responsive governance, is being attempted to be achieved through a “system of disincentive.” The paper tries to analyze if the system of disincentive is effective in ensuring administrative accountability. The paper is based on primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected as part of an action research carried out in 2012, which was supplemented with secondary data collected for different studies during 2015 and 2016. The paper uses a governance accountability framework to analyze implementation of the Act. The study finds that although success rate of implementation of the Act is quite high, the Act presents a narrow idea of accountability. There are no accountability norms for higher officials and elected leaders who head the public service departments. The study also finds that necessary accountability structures have not been developed and there is a dearth of enabling environment that makes accountability structures effective. The study also finds that, despite the provisions for financial penalty, responsible officials find ways to escape. The study exposes weak points in the implementation of the Act, which can be strengthened to achieve desired outcomes. The study can be an important source for course corrections in the states/countries where right to public service delivery is in effect.
Controlled micelle conjugation via charged peptide amphiphiles
Authors: Truong Thien Van , Ghosh Mihir , Hosamani Basavaprabhu , Baiju Thekke V. , Dhandapani Gunasekaran , Wachtel Ellen , Kesselman Ellina , Danino Dganit , Sheves Mordechai , Namboothiri Irishi N.N. , Patchornik Guy
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We report the first demonstration of nonionic detergent micelle conjugation and phase separation using purpose‐synthesized, peptide amphiphiles, C10‐(Asp)5 and C10‐(Lys)5. Clustering is achieved in two different ways. Micelles containing the negatively charged peptide amphiphile C10‐(Asp)5 are conjugated (a) via a water‐soluble, penta‐Lys mediator or (b) to micelles containing the C10‐(Lys)5 peptide amphiphile. Both routes lead to phase separation in the form of oil‐rich globules visible in the light microscope. The hydrophobic nature of these regions leads to spontaneous partitioning of hydrophobic dyes into globules that were found to be stable for weeks to months. Extension of the conjugation mechanism to micelles containing a recently discovered, light‐driven proton pump King Sejong 1‐2 (KS1‐2) demonstrates that a membrane protein may be concentrated using peptide amphiphiles while preserving its native conformation as determined by characteristic UV absorption. The potential utility of these peptide amphiphiles for biophysical and biomedical applications is discussed.
What Is the Influence of Peer Feedback and Author Response on Chinese University Students’ English Writing Performance?
Authors: Zhang Xin , McEneaney John E.
Published: May 2019

Enhancing writing pedagogy in university‐based courses for students of English as a foreign language has been a long‐term goal of educators and researchers. Most recent work, however, has relied on qualitative methodologies that limit our capacity to generalize findings. In this quantitative study, the authors adopted a quasi‐experimental control group design to investigate effects of peer feedback and author response on university students’ writing performance in a context of English as a foreign language. A total of 198 sophomores majoring in English took part in a 15‐week research study. The authors conducted a repeated‐measures analysis of covariance to examine the effects of a traditional teacher feedback instructional group compared with an experimental peer feedback group. Results showed that the peer feedback group showed a significantly greater writing performance gain than the traditional teacher feedback group. Furthermore, follow‐up analyses focusing on the experimental group that relied on a series of multiple regressions showed that both the quality of students’ feedback and the quality of their author responses were significant and stable predictors of students’ writing performance. Results also showed that the quality of students’ author responses had a slightly larger impact on writing performance than the quality of students’ feedback. This study provides clear evidence of the power of formative peer feedback as an approach to support learning that both empowers students and addresses widely cited problems that arise when the instructor is the only source of feedback in a writing course.
5‐1: Distinguished Paper: Eliminate Angular Color Shift in Top Emitting OLEDs through Cavity Design
Authors: Dong Chen , Fu Xiangyu , Amoah Stephen , Rozelle Adam , Shin Dong-Hun , Salehi Amin , So Franky
Published: May 2019

OLEDs suffer from viewing angle dependent spectral shift due to microcavity effects. To address this issue, we introduce a novel top‐emitting OLED with a dielectric spacer which forms multiple cavity modes. The resulting device shows almost no color shift at different viewing angles.
6‐1: Invited Paper: UBplus: New Solution for High Resolution TV
Authors: Laut Sven Christian , Hirschmann Harald , Götz Achim , Yun Yong-Kuk
Published: May 2019

Higher resolution is the key trend for next generation TV applications. One challenge is keeping the transmittance while pixel density increases. UBplus technology using LC mixtures with negative dielectric anisotropy offers a unique solution to this challenge in a classic FFS cell layout. This paper summarizes the recent developments of liquid crystal mixtures for UBplus in terms of performance and reliability.
12‐2: 3D Pixel Configurations for Optical Out‐Coupling of OLED Displays — Part II: Experimental Validation
Authors: Chen Chung-Chia , Lin Wan-Yu , Xu Lisong , Yu Gang , Kwak B. Leo , Visser Robert Jan , Chen Yi-Ting , Wen Sheng-Wen , Lee Wei-Kai , Liao Po-Hsiang , Lee Min-Chia , Chen Yi-Jiun , Su Guo-Dong , Lin Hoang Yan , Wu Chung-Chih
Published: May 2019

The light extraction efficiency of OLED is crucial for display performance and other issues such as power consumption, lifetime, and image sticking issue. Although lots of effort was adopted, the existing technologies are either too difficult/expensive to be utilized or only suitable for bottom‐emitting OLEDs. Here we proposed a novel 3D pixel configuration to have effective light out‐coupling for top‐emitting OLEDs. Comprehensive multi‐scale optical simulation indicates several‐fold of extraction enhancement and excellent viewing characteristics are simultaneously achievable by extending the bottom reflective electrode to bank slope of the pixel definition layer (PDL) and selectively filling the bank opening (concave area) with high‐index filler to form the optically reflective concave structure. This scheme is scalable and wavelength insensitive, and thus can be generally applied to all red, green, and blue pixel OLEDs in high‐resolution full‐color displays. In this paper, the experiment results of validation were reported with discussion.
16‐2: Remarkable Improvement of Electro‐Mechanical Stabilities in Flexible Oxide TFTs under Bulk‐Accumulation Operation
Authors: Billah Mohammad Masum , Jang Jin
Published: May 2019

We demonstrate highly‐robust flexible dual‐gate (DG) a‐IGZO TFTs on polyimide (PI) substrate. DG‐driving TFTs exhibit robust mechanical stability as compared to SG‐driving, which might be originated from the strain‐limiting top‐gate (TG) that efficiently modulates neutral‐plane (NP). TCAD simulation confirms the improved stability of DG‐TFTs due to smaller strain and increased electron concentration in a‐IGZO channel than SG‐driving TFTs.
28‐1: Ultra‐slim Backlight with High Luminance Using Multiple Advanced Light Guide Plate Technology
Authors: Masuda Junichi , Takase Kenji , Yamaguchi Noriaki , Miyata Hidekazu
Published: May 2019

In recent years, thinner Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) have been in demand, since they are more stylish in their design. Such an LCD often mounts an edge‐lit backlight. However, it is very difficult to simultaneously achieve the properties desired by the user, namely a thin profile, high luminance, high contrast, and a narrow border. Therefore, we propose a novel backlight using multiple Light Guide Plates (LGPs).
30‐2: Top‐Gate Self‐Aligned InGaZnO TFTs with High PBTS Reliability by Employing Different H‐Incorporation Process
Authors: Jiang Yun Long , Liu Fang Mei , Hsu Yuan Jun , Im Jang Soon , Fang Chun Hsiung , Wu Yuan Chun , Lu Po Yen
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we have demostrated high PBTS top‐gate self‐aligned IGZO TFTs by employing different H‐incorration process. Through optimization processes, PBTS is improved to 0.29 V and Vth deviation on Gen. 4.5 glass is 0.4V. Finally, 31‐inch OLED TV employing GOA circuit applied by this optimized backplane was successfully demonstrated.
32‐2: Surface Ligands Optimization of Semiconductor CdSe/CdS Nanorods Aligned in Liquid Crystal Polymer Matrix
Authors: Zhang Wanlong , Prodanov Maksym F. , Schneider Julian , Gupta Swadesh K. , Dudka Tetiana , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Rogach Andrei L. , Kwok Hoi-Sing , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: May 2019

Unidirectional aligned CdSe/CdS nanorods can be used as enhancement films for liquid crystal display backlight, due to its linearly polarized emission and high quantum yield. 4 different surface ligand combinations are presented in this paper, improving both film quality and polarized emission from the film, providing opportunities for practical application.
32‐3: Invited Paper: 12.1‐inch 169‐ppi Full‐Color Micro‐LED Display Using LTPS‐TFT Backplane
Authors: Sugiura Norio , Chuang Chin-Tang , Hsieh Chia-Ting , Wu Chung-Tien , Tsai Cheng-Yeh , Lin Ching-Hsiang , Liu Chung-Chan , Liu Chin-Ying , Yeh Cheng-Nan , Liu Chu-Yu , Lin Yu-Chieh
Published: May 2019

12.1‐inch 169‐ppi full‐color micro‐LED display using LTPS‐TFT backplane has been successfully developed. Blue micro‐LED, whose size is less than 30 mm, was applied with red and green conversion materials to produce full‐color images. Contrast ratio of >1,000,000: 1 with brightness of 700 nits was realized by the full‐color micro‐LED display for high‐dynamic‐range display applications.
35‐4: Color holographic display using quantum‐dot doped liquid crystal
Authors: Wang Yunfeng , Li Yan , Zhou Pengcheng , Liu Shuxin , Xu Xinglei , Li Xiang , Li Sida , Chen Quanming , Liu Yueda , Ren Xiuying , Su Yikai
Published: May 2019

We propose the use of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) doped with quantum dots (QDs) to realize a color 3D holographic display. The material has super large optical nonlinearity and could achieve a fast response time ~ 8.46ms. The constructed 3D display shows images at different depths and vivid RGB images at a video refresh rate.
38‐2: Single‐shot Scan‐less Method for Virual Image Distance Measurement for Near Eye Display Systems
Authors: Guo Kaikai
Published: May 2019

Accurate measurement of the virtual image distance (VID) is of significant importance for characterization and measurement of the optical performance of near eye display systems for augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR). Traditional method performs axial scanning of camera focus and estimates the VID by maximizing image sharpness. In this paper, we propose a novel single‐frame method for VID measurement which requires no axial scanning. A pinhole modulated aperture is placed at the pupil plane of an imaging lens. The experimental results show that the measurement error is 1.67 mm when the virtual image is at 2 meters.
38‐4: Ambient Color Volume Measurements for Augmented Reality Displays
Authors: Hung Shao-Tang , Sun Chih-Hsuan , Wen Chao-Hua , Pong Bao-Jen
Published: May 2019

Optical measuring methods for transparent displays were conducted to disclose that the color volume values with 0.39% difference between IDMS method and measuring 3608 color patches without interpolation at dark room. The error of the predicted color volumes over varied illumination condition is less than 5%.
42‐2: The Evaluation for Visibility of a Back Image on a Transparent Screen
Authors: Yamada Naruki , Iguchi Yoshinori , Tao Yukihiro
Published: May 2019

Transparent display is useful device for some applications but has a privacy issue that a back image appears on the opposite side to the display image. We investigated the condition human cannot see a back image and propose the control method of image brightness to keep the privacy.