bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FusB energises import across the outer membrane through direct interaction with its ferredoxin substrate
Authors: Wojnowska Marta , Walker Daniel
Published: August 2019

Phytopathogenic Pectobacterium spp. import ferredoxin into the periplasm for proteolytic processing and iron release via the ferredoxin uptake system. Although the ferredoxin receptor FusA and the processing protease, FusC, have been identified, the mechanistic basis of ferredoxin import is poorly understood. In this work we demonstrate that protein translocation across the outer membrane is dependent on the TonB-like protein FusB. In contrast to the loss of FusC, loss of FusB or FusA abolishes ferredoxin transport to the periplasm, demonstrating that FusA and FusB work in concert to transport ferredoxin across the outer membrane. In addition to interaction with the TonB-box region of FusA, FusB also forms a complex with the ferredoxin substrate, with complex formation required for substrate transport. These data suggest that ferredoxin transport requires energy transduction from the cytoplasmic membrane via FusB for both removal of the FusA plug domain and for substrate translocation through the FusA barrel.
Localizing genomic regions contributing to the extremes of externalizing behavior: ADHD, aggressive and antisocial behaviors
Authors: Rodríguez-López Mariana L. , Pol Hilleke Hulshoff , Franke Barbara , Klein Marieke
Published: August 2019

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which in some cases occurs comorbid with aggressive and antisocial behavior (AGG; ASB). The three externalizing behaviors are moderately to highly heritable and are genetically correlated. However, the genomic regions underlying this correlation are unknown. In this study, we aimed to localize genetic loci shared between ADHD, AGG, and ASB, using two complementary approaches.

GWAS summary statistics for ADHD, AGG, and ASB were used for (1) cross-trait gene-based meta-analysis association analyses and (2) local genetic correlation analyses to identify shared genetic loci. Results of both complementary methods were combined to retrieve overlapping genes. Biological functionality of prioritized genes was assessed by exploring gene expression patterns in brain tissues and testing for gene-based association with (subcortical) brain regions.

We confirmed previous findings that ADHD, AGG, and ASB were positively genetically correlated at a global level. We identified eleven significant genes in cross-trait gene-based meta-analyses, 31 loci shared between traits; 34 genes were identified when both approaches were combined.

This study emphasizes the complex genetic architecture underlying global genetic correlations at the locus level. Converging evidence from these cross-trait analyses highlights novel candidate genes underlying biological mechanisms shared by ADHD, AGG, and ASB.
Single-cell tracing of the first hematopoietic stem cell generation in human embryos
Authors: Zeng Yang , He Jian , Bai Zhijie , Li Zongcheng , Gong Yandong , Liu Chen , Ni Yanli , Du Junjie , Ma Chunyu , Bian Lihong , Lan Yu , Liu Bing
Published: August 2019

Tracing the emergence of the first hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in human embryos, particularly the scarce and transient precursors thereof, is so far challenging, largely due to technical limitations and material rarity. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we constructed the first genome-scale gene expression landscape covering the entire course of endothelial-to-HSC transition during human embryogenesis. The transcriptomically defined HSC-primed hemogenic endothelial cells (ECs) were captured at Carnegie stage 12-14 in an unbiased way, showing an unambiguous arterial EC feature with the up-regulation ofRUNX1,MYBandANGPT1. Importantly, subcategorizing CD34+CD45−ECs into CD44+population strikingly enriched hemogenic ECs by over 10-fold. We further mapped the developmental path from arterial ECs via HSC-primed hemogenic ECs to hematopoietic stem progenitor cells, and revealed a distinct expression pattern of genes that were transiently over-represented upon the hemogenic fate choice of arterial ECs, includingEMCN,PROCRandRUNX1T1. We also uncovered another temporally and molecularly distinct intra-embryonic hemogenic EC population, which was detected mainly at earlier CS 10 and lacked the arterial feature. Finally, we revealed the cellular components of the putative aortic niche and potential cellular interactions acting on the HSC-primed hemogenic ECs. The cellular and molecular programs and interactions that underlie the generation of the first HSCs from hemogenic ECs in human embryos, together with distinguishing HSC-primed hemogenic ECs from others, will shed light on the strategies for the production of clinically useful HSCs from pluripotent stem cells.
RBA for eukaryotic cells: foundations and theoretical developments
Authors: Goelzer Anne , Fromion Vincent
Published: August 2019

Resource allocation models were recently identified as new ways to investigate cell design principles. In particular, the Resource Balance Analysis (RBA) framework is the first constraint-based modelling method capable of accurate quantitative predictions of the genome-wide resource allocation. Initially developed and validated on bacteria, the objective of this paper is to provide the mathematical fundations of the extension of the RBA framework to eukaryotic cells. We especially investigate the way to handle the cellular compartments in order to formalize eventually the functioning of organelles. It turns out that the final RBA problem for eukaryotic cells is close to the one of prokaryotic cells from a theoretical point of view. The mathematical properties that were already identified on the prokaryotic RBA framework can be easily transposed to eukaryotic cells. In particular, the eukaryotic RBA problem can be solved easily at the cell scale by Linear Programming. This paves the way to future developments of RBA models for eukaryotic cells.
Marker-assisted introgression of multiple resistance genes confers broad spectrum resistance against bacterial leaf blight and blast diseases in Putra-1 rice variety
Authors: Chukwu Samuel C. , Rafii Mohd Y. , Ramlee Shairul I. , Ismail Siti I. , Oladosu Yusuff , Muhammad Isma’ila
Published: August 2019

This experiment was conducted with the aim of introgressing multiple resistance genes against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and blast diseases through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Two dominant (Xa4andXa21) and two recessive (xa5andxa13) BLB resistance genes were introgressed into a Malaysian elite rice variety Putra-1 with genetic background of three blast resistance (Piz, Pi2andPi9) genes and high yielding. Eight polymorphic tightly linked functional and SSR markers were used for foreground selection of target genes. 79 polymorphic SSR markers were used in background selection. The plants were challenged at initial stage of breeding and challenged again at BC2F2with the most virulent Malaysian pathotypes ofXoo(P7.7) andMagnaporthe oryzae(P7.2) to test their resistance. Results obtained from foreground marker analysis showed that the BC1F1and BC2F1both fitted into the Mendel’s single gene segregation ratio of 1:1 for bothXooand blast resistance. At BC2F2, result obtained indicated that foreground marker segregation fitted into the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1 for blast resistance only. Marker-assisted background selection revealed high percentage of recurrent parent genome recovery (95.9%). It was concluded that resistance toXoopathotype P7.7 in IRBB60 was neither due to two independent gene action nor epistasis but substantially due to single nuclear gene action. Also, the inheritance of blast resistance in the pyramided lines to pathotype P7.2 was also attributed to single gene action. The incorporation of four bacterial leaf blight and three blast resistance genes (Xa4+xa5+xa13+Xa21+Pi9+Pi2+Piz) in the newly developed lines provides for broad spectrum and durable resistance against the two major diseases studied.
Evolution of an amniote-specific mechanism for modulating ubiquitin signalling via phosphoregulation of the E2 enzyme UBE2D3
Authors: Roman-Trufero Monica , Ito Constance M , Pedebos Conrado , Magdalou Indiana , Wang Yi-Fang , Karimi Mohammad M , Moyon Benjamin , Webster Zoe , Gregorio Aida di , Azuara Veronique , Khalid Syma , Speck Christian , Rodriguez Tristan , Dillon Niall
Published: August 2019

Genetic variation in the enzymes that catalyse post-translational modification of proteins is a potentially important source of phenotypic variation during evolution. Ubiquitination is one such modification that affects turnover of virtually all of the proteins in the cell in addition to roles in signalling and epigenetic regulation. UBE2D3 is a promiscuous E2 enzyme that acts as a ubiquitin donor for E3 ligases that catalyse ubiquitination of developmentally important proteins. We have used protein sequence comparison of UBE2D3 orthologues to identify a position in the C-terminal α-helical region of UBE2D3 that is occupied by a conserved serine in amniotes and by alanine in anamniote vertebrate and invertebrate lineages. Acquisition of the serine (S138) in the common ancestor to modern amniotes created a phosphorylation site for Aurora B. Phosphorylation of S138 disrupts the structure of UBE2D3 and reduces the level of the protein in mouse ES cells (ESCs). Substitution of S138 with the anamniote alanine (S138A) increases the level of UBE2D3 in ESCs as well as being a gain of function early embryonic lethal in mice. When mutant S138A ESCs were differentiated into extra-embryonic primitive endoderm (PrE), levels of the PDGFRα and FGFR1 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) were reduced and PreE differentiation was compromised. Proximity ligation analysis showed increased interaction between UBE2D3 and the E3 ligase CBL and between CBL and the RTKs. Our results identify a sequence change that altered the ubiquitination landscape at the base of the amniote lineage with potential effects on amniote biology and evolution.
Non-junctional Cadherin3 regulates cell migration and contact inhibition of locomotion via domain-dependent opposing regulations of Rac1
Authors: Ichikawa Takehiko , Stuckenholz Carsten , Davidson Lance A.
Published: August 2019

Classical cadherins are well-known primary adhesion molecules responsible for physically connecting neighboring cells and signaling the cell-cell contact. Recent studies have suggested novel signaling roles for “non-junctional” cadherins (Niessen and Gottardi, 2008; Padmanabhan et al., 2017); however, the function of cadherin signaling independent of cell-cell contacts remains unknown. In this study, we used mesendoderm cells and tissues from gastrula stageXenopus laevisembryos to demonstrate that extracellular and cytoplasmic cadherin domains regulate Rac1 in opposing directions in the absence of cell-cell contacts. Furthermore, we found that non-junctional cadherins regulate contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) during gastrulation through alterations in the stability of the cytoskeleton. Live FRET imaging of Rac1 activity illustrated how non-junction cadherin3 (formerly C-cadherin) spatio-temporally regulates CIL. Our study provides novel insights into adhesion-independent signaling by cadherin3 and its role in regulating single and collective cell migrationin vivo.
Isolation and functional characterisation of lamina propria leukocytes from helminth-infected, murine small intestine
Authors: Webster Holly C. , Andrusaite Anna T. , Shergold Amy L. , Milling Simon W.F. , Perona-Wright Georgia
Published: August 2019

The use of helminth infections as tools to understand the type 2 immune response is a well-established technique and important to many areas of immunological research. The phenotype and function of immune cell populations at the site of infection is a key determinant of pathogen clearance. However, infections with helminths such as the murine nematodeHeligomosmoides polygryruscause increased mucus production and thickening of the intestinal wall, which can result in extensive cell death when isolating and analysing cells from the lamina propria (LP). Populations of larger immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are often trapped within mucus or dying tissues. Here we describe an optimised protocol for isolating LP leukocytes from the small intestine ofH.polygyrus-infected mice, and we demonstrate phenotypic and functional identification of myeloid and CD4+T cell subsets using cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Our protocol may provide a useful experimental method for the immunological analysis of the affected tissue site during helminth infections.
High-throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in raw and pasteurized goat milk
Authors: Huang Feng , Liu Siqi , Zhou Xiaokang , Wang Pengfei , He Rengchun , Zhou Zhiyang , Zou Caixia
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial composition of both raw and pasteurized goat milk using high-throughput DNA sequencing. This analysis revealed that the dominant phylum found in the raw milk was Proteobacteria, and the dominant genus was Kluyvera; Proteobacteria and Kluyvera constituted up to 67.66% and 28.85% of the total bacteria population, respectively. The microorganisms in goat milk predominantly consist of Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium were identified in goat milk for the first time. In addition, the results also indicate that some bacteria in pasteurized goat milk may exist in a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. This study provides a theoretical basis that may aid the community in better understanding bacterial diversity in goat milk. The results of this study will help us to improve the quality and safety of goat milk.

Importance

The microbial diversity in goat milk and pasteurized goat milk at different refrigeration stages was described. Several bacterial species that have not previously been reported in goat milk were identified, including many VBNC bacteria. The findings provided the necessary microbial information for quality and safety of goat milk and dairy products.
Crystallography at the nanoscale: planar defects in ZnO nanospikes
Authors: Wolff Niklas , Hrkac Viktor , Ditto Jeffrey J. , Duppel Viola , Mishra Yogendra K. , Johnson David C. , Adelung Rainer , Kienle Lorenz
Published: August 2019

The examination of anisotropic nanostructures, such as wires, platelets or spikes, inside a transmission electron microscope is normally performed only in plan view. However, intrinsic defects such as growth twin interfaces could occasionally be concealed from direct observation for geometric reasons, leading to superposition. This article presents the shadow-focused ion-beam technique to prepare multiple electron-beam-transparent cross-section specimens of ZnO nanospikes, via a procedure which could be readily extended to other anisotropic structures. In contrast with plan-view data of the same nanospikes, here the viewing direction allows the examination of defects without superposition. By this method, the coexistence of two twin configurations inside the wurtzite-type structure is observed, namely [2 {\overline 1} {\overline 1} 0]^{\rm W}/(0 1 {\overline 1} 1) and [2 {\overline 1} {\overline 1} 0]^{\rm W}/(0 1 {\overline 1} 3), which were not identified during the plan-view observations owing to superposition of the domains. The defect arrangement could be the result of coalescence twinning of crystalline nuclei formed on the partially molten Zn substrate during the flame-transport synthesis. Three-dimensional defect models of the twin interface structures have been derived and are correlated with the plan-view investigations by simulation.
Bridging the gap between branding and sustainability by fostering brand credibility and brand attachment in travellers’ hotel choice
Authors: Rosli Nadzirah , Che Ha Norbani , Ghazali Ezlika M.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effects of hotels’ brand attributes on consumers’ (patrons’ and guests’) by fostering brand credibility and brand attachment towards the propensity of word-of-mouth. The study uses the signaling theory to assess the relationships among the constructs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach to validate the research model and the research hypotheses. To test the hypotheses, 474 travellers in Malaysia were recruited.

Findings

The empirical results reveal that hotel attributes have direct influence on brand credibility and brand attachment. Similarly, brand credibility has direct influence on brand attachment, while brand attachment also has direct influence on word-of-mouth. Consumers’ brand credibility partially mediates the relationship between hotel attributes and brand attachment. Likewise, consumer’s brand attachment also partially mediates the relationship between hotel attributes and word-of-mouth. Last but not least, brand credibility and brand attachment sequentially mediate the relationship between hotel attributes and word-of-mouth. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed together with its limitation and future research direction.

Originality/value

First, in terms of measures, brand attachment construct is operationalised as a formative second-order construct, with three reflective variables (brand passion, self-brand connection and brand affection) as the first-order constructs. In addition, brand credibility is also operationalised as a formative second-order construct, with three reflective variables (expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness) as the first-order constructs. On the other hand, hotel attributes construct is operationalised formatively as a higher-order abstraction of three categories of hotel facilities, which were also operationalised formatively (essential, culture compliant and in-room facilities). Second, this paper offers new insight into how brand credibility and brand attachment influence the relationship between hotel attributes and word-of-mouth. In a sustainability era, dissemination of complete and correct information is vital, to ensure consumers’ acceptance (e.g. likelihood to recommend to others). Thus, it is suggested that hotel managers to pay close attention to the role of brand credibility and brand attachment in tourists’ hotel choice, to secure sustainable brand.
Knowledge management strategy: an organisational development approach
Authors: Andriani Made , Samadhi T.M.A. Ari , Siswanto Joko , Suryadi Kadarsah
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to formulate a knowledge management strategy model that aligns with the organisational growth stage and the characteristics of the business processes at every growth stage. The difference in characteristics at each growth stage has an impact on the characteristics of business processes, such as decision making and the period of process execution.

Design/methodology/approach

This research focussed on three fashion companies in Indonesia, and data were collected using a historical case-study method. Data collection was performed through in-depth interviews with the business owners, directors and managers, by direct observation, and through the collection of secondary data from the companies’ documents.

Findings

Through this research, a knowledge management strategy based on organisational growth stages was produced. It was found that when an organisation is at the entrepreneurial stage, the knowledge management strategy focussed on humans with tacit knowledge as well as explicit knowledge. At the growth stage, a transformation of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge, especially at the individual level, is required, whereas at the expansion stage, the focus of the knowledge management strategy is on a system usage at the organisation level.

Research limitations/implications

Research using the case studies method has a limitation in the generalisation of the model. The knowledge management strategy generated in this study is unique to the fashion industry, where if the research were performed in other industries, there is a possibility for different results. Moreover, the characteristics of the business processes that are examined in this study are limited to the period of implementation and level of interaction. Other more detailed dimensions such as task variety and task analysability can be used to obtain more detailed characteristics of business processes.

Practical implications

Using the knowledge management strategies model formulated at every growth stage, the company owner can specify a knowledge management strategy that suits the organisation’s goal. Also, the results of this research can provide information on the priority for developing a knowledge management system aligned with the company’s growth.

Originality/value

The knowledge management strategy formulation from the organisational development point of view has not been investigated previously. In fact, the needs of the organisation, along with its growth, will change. Therefore, this research provides a new perspective which is more dynamic and can be integrated into formulating the knowledge management strategy.
Adaptive agency
Authors: Goodwyn Andrew Cecil
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce the concept of adaptive agency and illustrate its emergence in the field of English teaching in a number of countries using England over the past 30 years as a case study. It examines how the exceptional flexibility of English as school subject has brought many external impositions whilst its teachers have evolved remarkable adaptivity.

Design/methodology/approach

It proposes several models of agency and their different modes, focussing finally on adaptive agency as a model that has emerged over a 30-year period. It considers aspects of this development across a number of countries, mostly English speaking ones, but its chief case is that of England. It is principally a theoretical paper drawing on Phenomenology, Critical Realism and later modernist interpretations of Darwinian Theory, but it is grounded by drawing on two recent empirical projects to illustrate English teachers’ current agency. It offers a fresh overview of how agency and accountability have interacted within a matrix of official policy and constraint.

Findings

Adaptive agency has become a necessary aspect of teacher expertise. Such a mode of working creates great emotional strains and tensions, leading to many teachers leaving the profession. However, many English teachers whilst feeling controlled in the matrix of power and the panopticon of surveillance, remain resilient and positive about the future of the subject.

Research limitations/implications

This is to some extent a personal and reflexive account of a lived history, supported by research and other evidence.

Practical implications

Adaptive agency enables teachers to conceptualise the frustrations of the role but to celebrate how they expertly use their agency where they can. It makes their work and struggle more comprehensible. In providing the concept of harmonious practice, it offers the hope of a return to more satisfying professional lives.

Originality/value

This paper offers an original concept, adaptive agency, and discusses other valuable conceptualisations of agency and accountability. It combines a unique individual perspective with a fresh overview of the past three decades as experienced by English teachers in England.
Impact of nano-particles shapes on Al2O3-water nano-fluid flow due to a stretching cylinder
Authors: Haider Sajjad , Butt Adnan Saeed , Syed Muhammad Imran , Ali Asif , Li Yun-Zhang , Naqvi Syed Muhammad Ali , Qaiser Muhammad Adnan
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to theoretically probe the shape impacts of nano-particle on boundary layer flow of nano-fluid toward a stretching cylinder with heat-transmission effects. The base fluid used for this study is pure water, and aluminum oxide nano-particles are suspended in it. Four different shapes of nano-particle, namely, cylindrical, brick, platelets and blades, are considered to carry out the study.

Design/methodology/approach

The problem is modelled mathematically and the nonlinear system of equations is attained by using appropriate transmutations. The solution of transmuted equations is achieved by utilizing a shooting technique with Fourth-Fifth order Runge–Kutta Fehlberg scheme. Numerically attained results are elucidated through graphs and tables which are further compared under limiting cases with existing literature to check the validity of the results.

Findings

It is observed that fluid velocity and temperature of cylindrical shaped water nano-fluids are more than the nano-fluid having brick-shaped nano-particles. Moreover, it is seen that the nano-fluids suspended with platelets-shaped nano-particles have higher velocity and temperature than the nano-fluids containing blade-shaped nano-particles. The curvature parameter and nano-particles volume fraction have increasing effects on flow velocity and temperature of nano-fluids containing all types of nano-particle shapes.

Originality/value

Numerous authors have examined the impacts of nano-particle shapes on characteristics of heat transfer and fluid flow. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the shape impacts of nano-particles on boundary layer flow of nano-fluid toward a stretching cylinder with heat-transmission effects have not been discussed. So, to fulfill this gap, the present paper explicates the impacts of various nano-particle shapes on Al2O3–water-based nano-fluid flow past a stretching cylinder with heat-transfer effects.
Incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics for MHD double-diffusive natural convection of a nanofluid in a cavity containing an oscillating pipe
Authors: M. Aly Abdelraheem
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to adopt incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method to simulate MHD double-diffusive natural convection in a cavity containing an oscillating pipe and filled with nanofluid.

Design/methodology/approach

The Lagrangian description of the governing partial differential equations are solved numerically using improved ISPH method. The inner oscillating pipe is divided into two different pipes as an open and a closed pipe. The sidewalls of the cavity are cooled with a lower concentration C_c and the horizontal walls are adiabatic. The inner pipe is heated with higher concentration C_h. The analysis has been conducted for the two different cases of inner oscillating pipes under the effects of wide range of governing parameters.

Findings

It is found that a suitable oscillating pipe makes a well convective transport inside a cavity. Presence of the oscillating pipe has effects on the heat and mass transfer and fluid intensity inside a cavity. Hartman parameter suppresses the velocity and weakens the maximum values of the stream function. An increase on Hartman, Lewis and solid volume fraction parameters leads to an increase on average Nusselt number on an oscillating pipe and left cavity wall. Average Sherwood number on an oscillating pipe and left cavity wall decreases as Hartman parameter increases.

Originality/value

The main objective of this work is to study the MHD double-diffusive natural convection of a nanofluid in a square cavity containing an oscillating pipe using improved ISPH method.
Middle leading small-scale school projects
Authors: Grootenboer Peter , Larkin Kevin
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The authors argue that middle leaders are the key educators in school-based educational development. Schools often secure small-scale funding to engage in government or systemic initiatives, and these projects require a leadership “close to the classroom” if they are to realise sustainable educational gains. This leadership often comes from the middle leaders – those who practice their leading in and around classrooms. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

A single case study methodology is used to investigate two middle leaders, leading a small-scale project. Their leading practices are examined using the “theory of practice architectures”, to identify how these practices were enacted within their educational context.

Findings

While principals play a crucial role in enacting change, it is the middle leaders who are closer to the classroom than most principals, and whose practices more directly impact teaching and learning as they are best placed to ensure that meagre resources are well used to improve student learning. They do this by ensuring that development is collegial and a response to evidence-based needs.

Practical implications

First, middle leaders need support in facilitating educational development. Second, their leading practice is crucial for sustainable school-based development. Third, site-based educational development occurs most effectively when it is evidence-based. Finally, this form of educational development requires high-level collegiality.

Originality/value

This paper is original in two key ways: first, it addresses the under-researched practices of middle leaders; and, second it employs the practice theory to understand school leadership and development.
Micro-foundations for sustainable development: leadership and employee performance
Authors: Tripathi Divya , Priyadarshi Pushpendra , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Sushil
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to take a micro-foundational perspective to identify the effective leadership style and employee work behavior in achieving the goals of sustainability. It also aims to identify the mechanism through which leaders influence employees’ performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The study draws on existing literature for model creation and proposition development to understand the leadership style and employee behavior that would be effective in achieving sustainability goals.

Findings

In achieving the multifaceted goals of sustainability, servant leadership style is effective in mobilizing the resources and implementing the sustainability strategies among stakeholders. By enhancing interpersonal trust and psychological empowerment, servant leaders positively influence the work role behavior of the employees. Furthermore, the work performance of employees helps in achieving sustainable development.

Research limitations/implications

This study draws on the theory of micro-foundations to establish how individual-level factors help in realizing the macro goal of sustainability. It throws light on the growing need to cultivate micro-level leadership skills and employee behaviors to have effective organizational sustainability performance. It is imperative for the organizations to be socially responsible along with achieving the business goals.

Originality/value

This study responds to the call of studying micro-level actions in the context of sustainable development. It extends the current knowledge by developing a causal model linking leadership and employee performance through interpersonal trust and psychological empowerment. Moreover, it presents testable propositions linking interpersonal trust and psychological empowerment.
Product adoption by small retailers in India
Authors: Koul Surabhi , Jasrotia Sahil Singh
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Owning to the influence small retailers have on the customer’s final choice, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that dominate small retailer’s assortment planning decisions. Drivers of product adoption by small retailers are the focus of study. Earlier research works have primarily focused on the profit oriented factors of retailing. It is a multidimensional approach of understanding the decision making of small retailers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is an exploratory in nature, using a mixed method approach that involves both qualitative and quantitative methodology. In the first stage of the study, grounded theory has been adopted that helps in building a conceptual model, which is further validated using SEM. Rural areas of Jammu and Punjab have been targeted to collect data.

Findings

The study provides a conceptual model of product assortment planning for small retailers. The results indicate retail margin, which is the most important criterion toward product selection. Small retailers understand the customer profile and their catchment before selecting a product for their store. Store design is an important variable which impacts the number of categories kept in the store as the shelf space is limited. While determining the assortment planning for the store the retailers need to think in advance about buyer, supplier, environmental and the surplus oriented factors while determining the assortment planning for the store.

Research limitations/implications

In developing economies like India, major population (customers) lie in the rural areas of the country and prefer small retailers to shop their daily necessities. The study proposed that the manufacturers need to maintain good and healthy relationship with the associates of the channel and the retailers that are in connected with the end consumer. Marketing managers of firms with target audience as small retailers can draw many inferences from the present study. They may devise rural strategies keeping attributes like localization of supplier, doorstep delivery, supply frequency, etc., on the basis of product demand and attribute.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills an identified need to explore the assortment planning criteria of BOP retailers in India. Also the mixed methodology is attractive and new in the retail domain.
Conceal or reveal? Patterns of self-disclosure of long-term conditions at work by health professionals in a large regional Australian health service
Authors: Lindsay David , Brennan Daryl , Lindsay Daniel , Holmes Colin , Smyth Wendy
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the patterns of self-disclosure of long-term conditions at work by health professionals in a large regional health service. Recent research by the authors has reported on the self-reported long-term conditions of nursing, medical and allied health staff within a large regional hospital and health service in North Queensland, Australia. Data regarding self-disclosure of health information were gathered during those two previous studies, but has yet to be reported. This current study thus offers the opportunity to explore and describe patterns of self-disclosure by a multi-disciplinary cohort of health professionals within that regional health service.

Design/methodology/approach

This current study was a component of two larger studies, reported elsewhere, which explored long-term conditions among health professional staff at a large regional health service in North Queensland, Australia. A cross-sectional survey design was used.

Findings

Decision-making associated with self-disclosure of long-term conditions by health professional staff in the workplace is multifactorial, and affected by considerations of age, gender, workplace circumstances and nature of the health condition. It also differs according to professional grouping. The medical profession were less likely than nurses and allied health workers to disclose to their work colleagues. Respondents with a mental health condition were more cautious and selective in their disclosures, and alone in being more likely to disclose to their supervisor than to colleagues; they were also most likely to value the sympathy and understanding of their colleagues and managers.

Research limitations/implications

This study was conducted across only one large regional health service; a fuller picture of patterns of self-disclosure of long-term conditions by health professional staff would be gained by expanding the number of sites to include metropolitan hospitals, smaller rural or remote health services and non-hospital settings.

Practical implications

Healthcare organizations need to develop support strategies and communication processes so that staff with one or more long-term condition, particularly those that have associated stigma, are empowered to disclose information to line managers and colleagues without fear of discrimination, ostracism, incivility or bullying.

Originality/value

There is a paucity of evidence about self-disclosure of long-term conditions by health professionals and this study therefore makes an important contribution to the extant literature. The findings raise important questions about the culture and dynamics of health care organizations in respect to the patterns of self-disclosure of health professional staff.
Gas flow mechanism and pressure analysis in plates in micro scale gas film
Authors: Long Wei , Wu Mimi , Li Fasha , Wang Jiyao , Deng Wei
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has created the conditions for the study of microfluidic technology. Microfluidic technology has become a very large branch in the MEMS field over the past decade. For aerostatic thrust bearing, the micro-fluidic gas flow in a small-scale gas film between two parallel plates is the subject of many studies. Because of the thin gas in the film, velocity slip occurs at the interface, which causes the gas flow pattern to change in the lubricating film. So, it is important to clarify the mechanism and pressure characteristics in thin firm gas flow.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a new assumption and corresponding models for the flow regime were established by theoretical analysis. Second, computational simulations about pressure distribution and velocity were given by a large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS). Third, comparison of the results of LAMMPS simulation and direct simulation Monte Carlo calculation were made to verify the reliability of above results.

Findings

The gas flow mechanism and corresponding regulations are significantly different from traditional pneumo dynamics, which can be described by Navier–Stokes equations accurately. Combining theatrical study and computational results, the stratification theory of the gas film was verified. The research shows that when the gas flow rate increased, the pressure of the gas film decreased, the thickness of the continuous flow layer increased, the thickness of the thin layer decreased and the layered pressure in the gas film disappeared. In this case, velocity slippage could be ignored.

Originality/value

First, this paper established an analytical model of the gas film support and proposed a film stratification theory. The gas film was divided into the near wall layer, the thin layer and the continuous layer, which was proved by the calculation of LAMMPS flow simulation. The velocity slip boundary conditions theory is feasible. Second, the gas film size of the flat plate is at the micron level, which cannot be observed in its flow regimen, only determined by calculation and simulation. This paper proposes a new model and a new tool to analyze gas flow in gas films.
A comparative study on the high temperature dry sliding wear behavior of TiN and AlTiN/TiSiN coatings fabricated by PVD technique
Authors: Altaş Emre , Erdogan Azmi , Koçyiğit Fatih
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the high-temperature wear behavior of the TiN- and AlTiN/TiSiN-coated WC materials.

Design/methodology/approach

The coating process was carried out using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. Wear tests were performed by a ball-on-disc wear device with a high-temperature wear module. In microstructural investigation of the materials, it was benefited from traditional characterization methods such as, SEM, EDX analysis and microhardness measurement.

Findings

The best wear performance was obtained with AlTiN/TiSiN-coated WC materials at all loads and temperatures, followed by TiN-coated and uncoated WC samples. An important wear was not observed on the samples tested at room temperature tests. It was found that the temperature increase is an effective parameter on the decrease of the wear resistance of the samples. In addition, it was seen that the increasing load and temperature change the wear mechanism on the uncoated WC sample. The wear mechanisms observed at high temperatures were delamination and oxidation for the WC, fatigue for AlTiN/TiSiN-coated WC and micro-scratch and micro-spalling for TiN-coated WC.

Originality/value

The results of the experimental studies demonstrated that hard coatings improving wear resistance of WC.
The contradictory effects of customer participation breadth and depth on customer-perceived value
Authors: Wang Xinchun , Yu Xiaoyu
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether two different participation strategies (i.e. deep participation and broad participation) in a supplier’s product development process will result in different levels of customer-perceived value. In addition, this paper examines the moderating effects of customer risk-aversion and technology turbulence on the relationship between customer participation depth/breadth and customer-perceived value.

Design/methodology/approach

A theory-based model is developed and tested using data collected from 196 business-to-business firms. A multiple-regression approach was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

Drawing on the transaction cost theory, the results reveal that while deep participation is likely to result in increased customer-perceived value, broad participation may hurt the relationship performance by reducing customer-perceived value. Moreover, the findings suggest that these effects are contingent on at least two contextual factors: how risk-averse the customer is and how turbulent the technological environment is.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to disaggregate the customer participation process into two different strategies, namely, deep participation and broad participation. It also extends the current literature by providing more insights about the dynamics involved in the customer participation process.
Understanding the usage patterns, practices and decision process of third party logistics outsourcing in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Nasrin , Chhetri Prem , Rahman Shams
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Bangladesh is becoming one of the emerging destinations for global outsourcing. However, little is known about the usage patterns of third party logistics (3PL) outsourced services. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of 3PL usage, the organisational factors affecting 3PL usage, impacts of 3PL and the future trend of 3PL usage in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey questionnaire is used to collect data against a number of items pertaining to the extent of 3PL use and its impact on performance. A total of 1,000 organizations were randomly selected from the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI) database. The survey resulted in 243 responses, out of which 150 organisations have adopted 3PL services. A chi-square test is conducted to assess statistical significance of the hypothesized relationships among the variables relating to 3PL decision-making process and a regression analysis is conducted to assess the strength of those variables to predict the impact of 3PL usage.

Findings

Overall, the results reveal that 3PL services are extensively adopted by businesses (63 per cent) in Bangladesh. Freight forwarding, order fulfilment and shipment consolidation are the top three most frequently outsourced 3PL services. However, the extent of 3PL use varies between manufacturing and service organisations. Results also suggest that logistics system performance is the key predictor of the overall satisfaction of 3PL users.

Research limitations/implications

The key limitation of this study is that both manufacturing and services firms are collectively analysed. Future research will separately investigate the outsourcing 3PL services requirements for two categories of firms. Characterisation of 3PL usage patterns and their drivers has practical significance and strategic implications for logistics practitioners and decision-makers who opt for global outsourcing.

Originality/value

The implementation in the context of Bangladesh to provide an evidence base to formulate business strategies for increasing the adoption of 3PL usage is novel.
The bidirectional relationship between ESG performance and earnings management – empirical evidence from Germany
Authors: Velte Patrick
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This study aims to focus on environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance as a whole and individually in its three pillars and their influence on earnings management.

Design/methodology/approach

Companies listed on the German Prime Standard (DAX30, TecDAX and MDAX) for the business years 2011-2017 (548 firm-year observations) are included in the empirical quantitative study. A correlation and regression analysis is conducted to analyze the impact of ESG performance as determined by the Asset4 database of Thomson Reuters on accruals-based earnings management (AEM) and real earnings management (REM).

Findings

ESG performance has a negative influence on AEM but not on REM. Moreover, by dividing the three different factors of ESG performance, governance performance has the strongest negative impact on AEM in comparison to environmental and social performance. This study also suggests a bidirectional relationship between ESG performance and earnings management.

Originality/value

The analysis makes a key contribution to research as the link between ESG performance and their three components and earnings management are analyzed for the German two-tier system for the first time. Corporate practice, regulators and researchers should recognize that ESG performance and financial reporting should be discussed together.
Increased equality of opportunity through international tourism
Authors: Hipsher Scott
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore and compare the perceptions of workers in the tourism industry in Thailand in foreign-owned and locally owned firms to provide an underrepresented perspective in the debate over whether international trade and tourism primarily exploits workers or provides valuable opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach

A matched-pairs comparative analysis was used.

Findings

Workers at foreign-owned companies showed slightly, although statistically insignificant, more positive attitudes toward tourism as a means of creating opportunities for themselves. Workers in foreign-owned companies showed a statistically significant more positive attitude toward the impact of tourism on the country. It appears the vast majority of the workers interviewed did not feel exploited, but empowered by opportunities to engage in employment in the tourism industry.

Research limitations/implications

The use of self-reported measures has been acknowledged to be problematic and the size and composition of the sample limit the ability to generalize the findings to a broader population.

Practical implications

Understanding the perspectives of the workers in an industry can be useful in policy development and implementing corporate social responsibility programs. The results suggest workers would support programs which encourage increases in tourism and foreign investment in the industry. Social implications reflect the perceptions of an under-represented segment of society.

Originality/value

The intention is to help bring into the debate the perspectives of individuals who are most directly affected by these activities.