bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Celengan Gambar Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Tema Peduli Terhadap Makhluk Hidup Kelas IV SD
Authors: Aristia Kiki , Nasryah Cut Eva , Rahman Arief Aulia
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of piggy learning media to improve student learning outcomes with the theme of caring for sentient beings in grade IV SD Peunaga Cut Ujong. The research approach used in this research is qualitative research. This type of research is classroom action research. The design of the research implementation consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, testing, and documentation. The instruments in this study were the observation sheet, test sheet, and validation sheet. Data processing techniques using the percentage formula. The results of this study were obtained in the pre-action percentage of the number of students who completed only 4 students or 20% of 20 students, and after the use of learning media piggy bank picture cycle I student learning outcomes increased but not yet maximum, the percentage of the number of students who got grades above KKM there were only 11 students or 55%. So that the second cycle needs to be held, after the implementation of the second cycle of student learning outcomes there is a very significant improvement and has reached the target that has been determined then the cycle is stopped, where the percentage of students who complete reaches 18 people or 90% of the total number of students. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan media pembelajaran celengan gambar untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa tema peduli terhadap makhluk hidup kelas IV SDN Peunaga Cut Ujong. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Rancangan pelaksanaan penelitian terdapat perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, lembar tes, dan lembar validasi. Teknik pengolahan data dengan menggunakan rumus persentase. Hasil penelitian ini yang diperoleh pada pra tindakan persentase jumlah siswa yang tuntas hanya 4 orang siswa atau 20% dari 20 orang siswa, dan sesudah penggunaan media pembelajaran celengan gambar siklus I hasil belajar siswa meningkat namun belum maksimal, persentase jumlah siswa yang mendapatkan nilai di atas KKM baru 11 orang siswa atau 55%. Sehingga perlu diadakan siklus II, setelah pelaksanaan siklus II hasil belajar siswa terjadi peningkatan yang sangat signifikan dan sudah mencapai target yang telah ditentukan maka siklus dihentikan, dimana persentase jumlah siswa yang tuntas mencapai 18 orang atau 90% dari jumlah siswa secara keseluruhan.
Kemampuan Menulis Puisi Bebas Menggunakan Media Gambar Pada Siswa SMPK Santo Aloysius
Authors: Djumadin Hawiah , Bunga Rosa Dalima , Rini Maria Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine the ability to write free poetry using picture media in VII grade students of St. Aloysius Lengko Middle School, Golo Wangkung Village, Sambi Rampas District, East Manggarai Regency. The formulation of the problem in this research is how is the ability to write free poetry using picture media in VII grade students of St. Aloysius Lengko Middle School, Golo Wangkung Village, Sambi Rampas District, East Manggarai Regency? This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The sample in this study amounted to 40 students. Data collection techniques in the form of tests and documentation. The instrument used was a test sheet. The theory used is the theory of writing poetry, theory of learning strategies and learning evaluation theory. The results of the study of the ability to write poetry by using media images in students of the St. Aloysius Lengko Middle School VII class as a whole are classified as good with an average achievement of 77.47%. Completed students numbered 31 people with a percentage of 77.5%. While students who did not complete a total of 9 people with 22.5% presentse.
 
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menulis puisi bebas menggunakan media gambar pada Siswa kelas VII SMPK Santo Aloysius Lengko Ajang Kelurahan Golo Wangkung, Kecamatan Sambi Rampas, Kabupaten Manggarai Timur. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah kemampuan menulis puisi bebas menggunakan media gambar pada Siswa kelas VII SMPK Santo Aloysius Lengko Ajang Kelurahan Golo Wangkung, Kecamatan Sambi Rampas, Kabupaten Manggarai Timur? Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes dan dokumentasi.  Instrument yang digunakan adalah lembar tes. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori menulis puisi, teori startegi belajar mengajar dan teori evaluasi pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian kemampuan menulis puisi dengan menggunakan media gambar pada siswa SMPK Santo Aloysius Lengko Ajang kelas VII secara keseluruhan  tergolong baik dengan rata-rata pencapaian 77,47%. Siswa yang tuntas berjumlah 31 orang dengan presentase 77,5%. Sedangkan siswa yang tidak tuntas bejumlah 9 orang dengan presentse 22,5%.
Peranan Pembelajaran PPKn dalam Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Pada Siswa Kelas VIII di Mts Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji
Authors: Amelia Friska , Sarjono Sarjono , Hariyadi Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The role of the teacher is also very necessary to instill character values ​​in students.  That the education of character values ​​is only possible if the values ​​given to the students' life practices are not only cognitive in mind.  But also in daily practice the value of habituation activities, extracurricular activities, and attitude of behavior in teaching and learning activities.  The objectives of the research are 1). To know the role of PPKn learning in instilling character values ​​in grade VIII MTs Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji Student , 2). To know the process of planting character values ​​through  PPKn learning in grade  VIII MTs Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji students , This research uses qualitative research. Researcher's data includes interviews, observations and documentation but  because of he covid 19 outbreak this observation and documentation cannot be done. The results of this study are 1).  The role of Pancasila nd civics educasion  very important that involves a lot of character values ​​so that it can make the younger generation better directed, do positive things both not harming oneself or others. 2). The process of instilling character values ​​through learning PPKn is appropriate because it is already in the RPP listed.
 
Abstrak: peranan guru ppkn sangat diperlukan  untuk  menanamkan  nilai-nilai karakter pada siswanya. pendidikan nilai-nilai karakter  hanya dimungkinkan apabila nilai-nilai diberikan pada praktik-praktik hidup siswa itu sendiri tidak hanya dalam penilian kognitif. Namun juga dalam praktik keseharian yang dinilai dari kegiatan pembiasaan , kegiatan ekstrakulikuler, dan  sikap perilakunya dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Tujuan penilitian adalah 1).untuk mengetahui peranan pembelajaran PPKn dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter pada siswa kelas VIII di MTs Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji, 2). Untuk mengetahui proses penanaman nilai-nilai karakter melalui pembelajaran PPKn pada siswa kelas VIII di MTs Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Data peneliti yaitu wawancara,observasi dan dokumentasi namun dengan adanya wabah covid 19 ini observasi dan dokumentasi tidak bisa dilakukan.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1). peranan  pembelajaran  ppkn  sangatlah penting  dalam pemebelajaran ppkn banyak  yang  menyangkut nilai-nilai karakter sehingga bisa membuat generasi muda lebih terarah dengan baik,melakukan hal-hal positif baik tidak merugikan diri sendiri ataupun orang lain.2).proses penanaman nilai arakter melalui pemebelajaran PPKn sudah sesuai karena sudah ada dalam RPP yang  tercantum.
A Justiça Social de Amartya Sen aplicada à Liberdade de escolha para a Educação no Estado Social
Authors: Andrade Giulia De Rossi , Casimiro Lígia Maria Melo de
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo decorre da análise do Estado sob a perspectiva da desigualdade e da justiça social entendidos por Amartya Sen, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, fazendo a correlação de como estes refletem, diretamente, na sua concepção de desenvolvimento como liberdade. Para ilustrar o objetivo pretendido, buscou-se, em um primeiro momento, discutir sobre as funções do Estado Social, destacando a importância da teoria de justiça proposta por Amartya Sen, de acordo com a sua abordagem das capacidades. A questão da justiça social está no centro da teoria da justiça, na medida em que as desigualdades interferem no desenvolvimento. Em um segundo momento, tratou-se dos princípios fundadores das capacidades de Amartya Sen, destacando-se que as capacidades são representadas por um leque de liberdade de escolhas. Em seguida, ao desenvolver a concepção de desenvolvimento de Amartya Sen, questionou-se se a sua percepção se encaixaria no Estado Social brasileiro, fazendo uma contraposição entre intervencionismo e subsidiariedade estatal. Por fim, e foi feita um destaque sobre a possibilidade de liberdade de escolha da educação ideal, contrapondo a ideia de Amartya Sen. A análise realizada parte das escolhas constitucionais feitas pelo Estado brasileiro e o seu compromisso da educação como elemento inclusivo na sociedade.
A framework for Tourism electronic marketing in Jordan.
Authors: Hasouneh Abdulbaset , Abu Alzeat Hasan
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to explore the impact of the electronic marketing mix on tourist attitudes towards tourism in Jordan. The paper conveyed interviews with tourists who had visited Jordan. The researcher used a set of questions to measure the attitudes of tourists towards tourism in Jordan, how the elements of e-marketing affect those attitudes. The researcher designed the interview using the method of the open-ended questions. A total of 48 tourists interviewed, their answers interpreted using the content analysis method. The results revealed that the elements of the marketing mix affect the attitudes to a large extent. The accuracy of the information, price, online payment, website, and personal preferences affect the trends of the tourists. The results revealed that the demographic variables do not represent any difference in these attitudes. The discussion presented and the recommendations introduced to decision-makers.
The antecedents and consequences of CSR skepticism: An integrated framwork.
Authors: Dalal Bassam
Published: December 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) skepticism is examined in marketing literature, but the understanding of its role in the domain of CSR is lacking. Previous studies revealed that consumers compensate for the companies that engage in CSR activities, but the level of CSR skepticism inhibits the success of CSR programs. This paper describes the antecedents and consequences of CSR skepticism. The antecedents conclude the motives that affect the level of consumer skepticism about CSR programs, while the consequences examined the relationships between CSR skepticism and some outcome variables through two broad dimensions; the companies and consumer behaviors. The results have demonstrated the expected direction force of the motives on CSR skepticism, and the expected consequences of CSR skepticism on both the companies and the consumer behaviors. The findings have indicated that it is not sufficient for a company to solely engage in CSR, but they must also take into account the level or extent of CSR skepticism. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the antecedents and consequences of CSR skepticism, by integrating a framework of research on an important topic, and by offering broad paths for further research.
Measurement report: Source and mixing state of black carbon aerosol in the North China Plain: implications for radiative effect
Authors: Wang Qiyuan , Li Li , Zhou Jiamao , Ye Jianhuai , Dai Wenting , Liu Huikun , Zhang Yong , Zhang Renjian , Tian Jie , Chen Yang , Wu Yunfei , Ran Weikang , Cao Junji
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Establishment of the sources and mixing state of black
carbon (BC) aerosol is essential for assessing its impact on air quality and
climatic effects. A winter campaign (December 2017–January 2018) was
performed in the North China Plain (NCP) to evaluate the sources, coating
composition, and radiative effects of BC under the background of emission
reduction. Results showed that the sources of liquid fossil fuels (i.e.,
traffic emissions) and solid fuels (i.e., biomass and coal burning)
contributed 69 % and 31 % to the total equivalent BC (eBC) mass,
respectively. These values were arrived at by using a combination of
multi-wavelength optical approach with the source-based aerosol absorption
Ångström exponent values. The air quality model indicated that local
emissions were the dominant contributors to BC at the measurement site.
However, regional emissions from NCP were a critical factor for high BC
pollution. A single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer identified six
classes of elemental carbon (EC)-containing particles. They included EC
coated by organic carbon and sulfate (52 % of total EC-containing
particles); EC coated by Na and K (24 %); EC coated by K, sulfate, and
nitrate (17 %); EC associated with biomass burning (6 %); pure-EC
(1 %); and others (1 %). Different BC sources exhibited distinct impacts on the EC-containing particles. A radiative transfer model showed that the amount of detected eBC can produce an atmospheric direct radiative effect of +18.0 W m−2 and a heating rate of 0.5 K d−1. This study shows that reductions of solid fuel combustion-related BC may be an effective way of mitigating regional warming in the NCP.
La actual política de “iberoamericanización” del Instituto Cervantes
Authors: Rizzo María Florencia
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo se inscribe teóricamente en el enfoque glotopolítico y se sitúa en el contexto de la actual política de área idiomática encabezada por el Estado español junto con otros agentes sociales. Con el propósito de indagar el rumbo que dicha política ha tomado recientemente en el ámbito del español como lengua extranjera, analizaremos la aparición en 2016 de un nuevo sistema de exámenes, el Servicio Internacional de Evaluación de la Lengua Española (SIELE), y su inscripción en un programa de acción que ha impulsado en los últimos años el Instituto Cervantes con el nombre “iberoamericanización”; como consecuencia, se ha modificado sensiblemente la relación de fuerzas entre los agentes que integran el campo de la certificación de español como lengua extranjera. Finalmente, en un marco más amplio, se vinculará el mencionado programa de la institución española con una política de Estado orientada a la promoción de la marca-país y al replanteo de estrategias en las relaciones exteriores de España con los países latinoamericanos.
Indigeneidad performada. Apuntes etnográficos de dos festivales de cine indígena en Colombia y Panamá
Authors: Gómez Ruiz Sebastián , Martínez Gabriel Izard
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir al análisis del cine indígena haciendo énfasis en su circulación y consumo en los festivales indígenas. Para ello partimos de un estudio etnográfico de dos festivales celebrados en 2018 (Daupará en Colombia y Jumara en Panamá), centrado en cómo se performa lo indígena en estos eventos. Lo que trataremos de argumentar es que una etnografía de los festivales indígenas nos permite acercarnos a unas puestas en escena que muestran cómo se está configurando lo indígena en la modernidad. Estos festivales tienen tres dimensiones: 1) constituyen una performance de lo indígena a través del cuerpo y la palabra. 2) revelan unas formas de organización interna que muestran un tejido social y político relacionado con linajes y liderazgos al interior de los grupos que organizan los festivales. 3) permiten entender cómo se configura lo indígena no sólo en relación con los propios territorios concretos de cada grupo, sino también a partir de unos intercambios y unas agendas globales.
Espacios, lugares, territorios y regiones. Hacia una (re)definición del Totonacapan como región
Authors: Vacas Mora Víctor
Published: December 2020

La región ha sido un elemento esencial en la investigación social e histórica. Escorada como concepto a partir de los años 90, este artículo pretende repasar su historia, así como reabrir el debate sobre su actual pertinencia para un espacio concreto del México contemporáneo: el Totonacapan. A partir de un breve recorrido por su genealogía y las diversas formas en que varias corrientes han delimitado la región, trataré de ver si dichas maneras en que se ha conceptualizado se mantienen vigentes a día de hoy en relación al espacio regional propuesto, para finalmente y cerrando el trayecto, esbozar a partir de mi experiencia de campo concreta una posible reelaboración válida por contemporánea.
The Effects of Human Resources Management on Developing Teachers of Non-Public Universities in Vietnam
Authors: Anh Tran Viet
Published: December 2020

Human resources management in Private Universities have a big impact on the development of human resources for lecturers in universities. Human resources management mainly affect the development of resourse of lecures in a university, which can be divided into the 8 functions: Recruitment, arrangement and utilization of lecturers, working environment, human resource development policy, remuneration and compensation policy, training and development, school information communication, and school budget. Among these 8 factors, recruitment has the biggest influence and human resource development policy has the smallest influence on the development of the university’s faculty. Based on the research results, the author has given some recommendations about managing human to promote the development of faculty in private universities.
A Pragma-Semiotic Analysis of Emoticons in Social Media
Authors: Mjdawi Ali M. Al- , Jabi Saja I.
Published: December 2020

Since the early days of the internet, researchers investigate in the peculiar use of language in social media. One distinctive feature is the use of emoticons as a way to express users’ emotions in digital settings. In spite of their popularity, researches on emoticons are still in its infancy. This research identifies the pragmatic and semiotic functions of emoticons in social media following qualitative and quantitative methods for analysing data. The corpus of this study are collected from Twitter and YouTube. The analysis of data follows the Three Levels Pragma-Semiotic Model. Quantitative analysis shows that the usage of emoticons with text appears to improve the expressivity and an overall sentiment scores of positive and negative opinions relatively more than the neutral opinions. It also shows that emoticons are preferably used with text or other emoticons. From the qualitative analysis, the current study has made visible the practices of using emoticons in social media.
The Mediterranean Studies Association: The East Mediterranean as a Laboratory
Authors: Nachmani Amikam
Published: December 2020

This essay examines the mistrust of the Mediterranean in eastern Mediterranean thought. The Annual Congresses of the Mediterranean Studies Association offer opportunities to confront this mistrust and to transform it into a catalyst for building trust between scholars from Israel and those from other countries in the region.
How Albania Changed My Life
Authors: Watkins John
Published: December 2020

The process of intellectual discovery that is so much a part of the MSA conferences continues informally on the post-conference tours. The author focuses on his first MSA post-tour, the 2011 trip through Epiros and Albania. Highlights include dashing up mountainsides with colleagues, unsanctioned explorations of old communist prisons, and Virgilian epiphanies.
Visiones de Cambio del Orden Mundial Actual: ¿Qué futuro espera a los países pequeños?
Authors: Medrano Garay Moises
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo reflexiona críticamente – desde la perspectiva del reverso de la historia – acerca de la comprensión del nuevo orden mundial por crear, que se encuentra en los discursos de la “macro política”. Se argumenta que la afirmación sobre la necesidad de crear un nuevo orden mundial – con todo lo que ello implica – está ampliamente difundida en la actualidad y que, por lo tanto, debería ser examinada con detenimiento por los “países pequeños” – si es que estos quieren mantener su soberanía. Se mostrará que en la visión del “nuevo orden mundial” por construir, se oculta la tendencia a la concentración de poder y de la posible profundización de la subordinación de los “países pequeños”.
Conceptions of Human Resource Management and Training in SMEs of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
Authors: Vlados Charis , Chatzinikolaou Dimos , Koutroukis Theodore , Kokkinaki Angelika , Tsarpa Ioanna
Published: December 2020

Human resource management and continuing training are prerequisites for business innovation, especially when the fourth industrial revolution causes the rapid emergence of knowledge-intensive professions and the constraint of older ones. This article examines how human resources, in-business training, and educational needs are significant parts of entrepreneurial innovation and business development. We present field research that we conducted in the business ecosystem of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, which is a less competitive region of Greece and Europe. After examining the region’s economic profile, we continue with field research results in its retail sector. Our findings suggest that these businesses desire and search for more systematic actions towards training enhancement and human resource management upgrading. Thus, we propose a policy mechanism that could function as a “business clinic” for the region, including the diagnosis of needs and “therapeutic” intervention in terms of education and knowledge. This local development policy could create a growth spiral for the entire socio-economic spatialized system.
Sowing dates and node emission in buckwheat cultivars
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Neu Ismael Mario Márcio ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Pezzini Rafael Vieira ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Dumke Gabriel Elias ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Somavilla Felipe Manfio ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Costa Samanta Luiza da ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the rate of node appearance (RNA), the final number of nodes (FNN) and the period of node emission (PNE) in two buckwheat cultivars (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) for different sowing dates, and to check variability in the RNA, FNN and PNE between the cultivars and sowing dates. The IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar cultivars were evaluated for 29 and 31 sowing dates from October to May in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 agricultural years respectively. In each experiment, a completely randomised design with five replications was used. The number of nodes (NN) on the main stem was counted twice a week in each plant (replication), from emission of the first node until the end of the cycle. The linear regression (y = a + bx) of the number of nodes (NN, y) was adjusted for each plant based on the number of days after emergence (DAE, x). The rate of node appearance (RNA), in days node-1, was determined from the inverse of the slope of the linear regression between NN and DAE (RNA = 1/b). The RNA was calculated for the period of node emission (PNE, in days), i.e. from emergence to emission of the last node. The final number of nodes (FNN) was counted at the end of node emission. Variability was found in the rate of node appearance (RNA), the final number of nodes (FNN) and the period of node emission (PNE) between the cultivars and sowing dates. The rate of node appearance ranges between 2.20 and 8.23 days node-1, the final number of nodes between 2.20 and 17.20, and the period of node emission between 16.60 and 49.20 days. Plants of the IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar cultivars show better vegetative development (lower RNA, higher FNN and greater PNE) when sown in November, December, January and February, compared to those sown in October, March, April and May.
Grazing heights, stocking rate, soil structure, and water infiltration in a crop-livestock integration
Authors:   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, Fidalski Jonez , Bordin Ivan ,   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, Alves Sérgio José ,   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, Barbosa Graziela Moraes de Cesare ,   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná
Published: December 2020

Grazing intensity on palisade grass as a function of grazing height in a crop-livestock integration (CLI) system alters the structural soil quality and water infiltration. This study aimed to verify the magnitude of the stocking rate and shoot and root dry matter of palisade grass at the end of the fifth cattle grazing period of an experiment in the CLI system on the visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS), soil-water infiltration rate, and basic infiltration rate (BIR) as a function of grazing heights on Urochloa brizantha cv. MG 5 Vitória in the northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replications and 1-ha experimental plots on an Oxisol. Four treatments with grazing heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm were used in the CLI system, controlled with variable stocking rates of Purunã cattle in the autumn/winter season on Urochloa brizantha cv. MG 5 Vitória in succession to soybean in the summer. The maximum soil water infiltration was stabilized at 30 cm of grazing height of the palisade grass under continuous grazing in the CLI system. The increase in the stocking rate decreased the shoot dry matter of palisade grass, soil water infiltration, and structural soil quality.
Gas exchange, growth, and quality of passion fruit seedlings cultivated with saline water
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Lima Geovani Soares de , Andrade José Nathanael Ferreira de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Medeiros Mizael Nabor Vaz de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Gheyi Hans Raj ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Nobre Reginaldo Gomes ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Fernandes Pedro Dantas ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Lacerda Cassiano Nogueira de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the gas exchange, growth, and quality of passion fruit cultivars under irrigation with waters of different salinity levels. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in Pombal-PB, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 5 ? 2 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1) and two passion fruit cultivars (BRS Sol do Cerrado and Guinezinho), with three plants per plot and four replicates. The reduction in transpiration, intercellular CO2 concentration and CO2 assimilation rate in passion fruit plants grown with saline water was related to factors of stomatal and non-stomatal origin. Gas exchange and growth of passion fruit cultivars were negatively affected by water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1 at 75 days after sowing. Despite the reduction in the growth of the passion fruit cultivars, irrigation with water of up to 3.5 dS m-1 could be used to obtain seedlings with acceptable quality. Based on the relative yield of total dry phytomass, the passion fruit cultivars BRS Sol do Cerrado and Guinezinho were classified as moderately sensitive to water salinity during the seedling phase.
Relative weight and length of digestive tract and intestinal histomorphometric measurements of slow-growing broilers of different genotypes
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Educação,, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Assis Saullo Diogo , Leandro Nadja Susana Mogyca ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Arnhold Emmanuel ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Café Marcos Barcellos ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Carvalho Fabyola Barros de ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Stringhni José Henrique ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Santos Raphael Rodrigues dos ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás
Published: December 2020

An experiment was conducted to investigate the development of the digestive system in slow-growing broilers of different strains. The experiment involved a total of 544 one-day-old chicks, 136 of each of four genotypes, namely, Label Rouge Pesadão, Label Rouge Pescoço Pelado, Carijó and Carijó Pescoço Pelado. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (genotypes) and eight replicates of 17 animals each. Live weight, digestive tract development and intestinal histomorphometric measurements were evaluated at different ages. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the strains for live weight, relative weight and length of digestive tract organs and intestinal histomorphometric measurements at one, seven and 28 days of age. The Carijó strain showed greater weight and development of digestive organs than the Carijó Pescoço Pelado strain. There was a difference (p < 0.05) for histomorphometric measurements of the small intestine between the strains at the evaluated ages. The Carijó Pescoço Pelado and Label Rouge Pescoço Pelado strains showed higher villi and higher villus:crypt ratios in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The slow-growing strains differ in performance regarding the relative weights and lengths of digestive tract organs and intestinal histomorphometric measurements.
Does the Quality of Fiscal Institutions Matter for Fiscal Performance? A Panel Data Analysis of European Countries
Authors: Dimitra Mitsi
Published: December 2020

The last decade, the number of fiscal frameworks such as national fiscal rules and independent fiscal councils have increased, significantly as a consequence of fiscal indiscipline in many European Countries. In the wake of economic crisis in 2007, fiscal laxity and unsustainable public finances made the European Union to strengthen its fiscal policy in many ways in order to create an economic environment of macroeconomic stability and sustainable growth. This paper investigates the role of fiscal frameworks (fiscal rules and fiscal councils) on fiscal performance as well as the impact of other types of institutions, namely Worldwide Governance Indicators on primary balance. The empirical analysis builds on a reaction function proposed by Bohn (1998) while the estimation method builds on a fixed effect panel data estimation and a dynamic panel data estimation of Arellano-Bover and Blundell-Bond. Our main results provide that political stability, government effectiveness, fiscal rules and fiscal councils play an important role for improving fiscal performance. However, the effect of fiscal institutions on primary balance changes among different types of fiscal rules (debt rules, expenditure rules and budget balanced rules) and independent fiscal councils or fiscal councils that have access to information, respectively.
Assessment of Soil Fertility and Crop Nutrient Status in Agricultural Soils Near a Brick Kiln Cluster
Authors: Chowdhury Nasrin , Rasid Md. Mamunur
Published: December 2020

Brick kiln exhaust when deposited can hamper the nutritional status of the agricultural soils and crops. To study the impact, soil and associated plant samples were collected from the vicinity of a brick kiln cluster in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The soil contamination was evaluated by heavy metal indices. Agricultural soils close to the brick kiln area were very strongly acid to slightly acid. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus content of the agriculture soils near brick kiln cluster were 0.35% to 1.01%, 0.10 to 0.24% and 2.21 to 13.48 mg kg-1 respectively and the significant different mean value of 0.70%, 0.22% and 14.65 mg kg-1 respectively in the reference soil. The nutritional status of sampling sites was lower than the previously reported data. The nutrition status of the plants was at an optimum level as regular fertilizer application was practiced but showed an irregular pattern along with all the soil parameters and heavy metal indices. The contamination factor (Cd), potential ecological risk index (PER) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) demonstrated that the agricultural soils in the vicinity of the brick kiln cluster were moderately- to highly-polluted. This indicates the deterioration of soil quality by uncontrolled brick kiln operation.
Additive Positive Effects of Pollination on Bt and Non-Bt Soybean Cultivars by Honey Bee and Native Flower-Visiting
Authors: Oliveira Fabiola de , Fernandes Marcos Gino
Published: December 2020

In addition to the increase in the number of pods produced, a well-conducted pollination also contributes to an increase in the number of grains per pod, improves the quality of the grains and seeds, and renders the grain ripening more uniform, thus, increasing the production at harvest. The objective of the present study was to quantify the benefits of flower-visiting insects in soybean production. The experiment was conducted with two soybean cultivars, one Bt and one non-Bt. During the flowering period, 150 plants of each cultivar were randomly selected, yielding 25 replicates (three plants per replicate) with free access to flower visitors, and another 25 replicates (also with three plants per replicate) that flower visitors could not access. During the flowering period, 549 specimens of flower-visiting insects were found in both cultivars, divided into eight orders, 30 families, and 92 species. The most abundant species were Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Musca sp.1 (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae), and Lagria villosa (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). In the treatment with flower visitors, grain weight increased by 84.22% in Bt cultivar and by 202.52% in non-Bt cultivar, compared with the area without the presence of flower visitors. The increase in the number of pods in Bt and non-Bt cultivars was 45.72% and 101.25% respectively, in the area open to flower visitors. The high increase in grain yield and number of pods observed in the area with free access to pollinator insects emphasizes the high importance of the pollination service performed by flower visitors to the soybean crop.
Prediction of Maize Yields from In-Season GreenSeeker Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Dry Biomass as Influenced by Different Nutrient Combinations
Authors: Otieno Hillary M. O. , Chemining’wa George N. , Zingore Shamie
Published: December 2020

To mitigate low maize productivity, improve on-farm planning and policy implementation, the right fertilizer combinations and yield forecasting should be prioritized. Therefore, this research aimed at assessing the effect of applying different nutrient combinations on maize growth and yield and in-season grain yield prediction from biomass and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) readings. The research was done in Embu and Kirinyaga counties, in Central Kenya. Nutrient combinations tested were P+K, N+K, N+P, N+P+K, and N+P+K+Ca+Mg+Zn+B+S. The results showed consistently lowest and highest NDVI reading, dry biomass, and grain yields due to P+K and N+P+K+Ca+Mg+Zn+B+S treatments, respectively. Positive NDVI responses of 56%, 14%, 15%, and 15% were recorded with N, P, K, and combined Ca+Mg+Zn+B+S, respectively. These nutrients, in the same order, recorded 54%, 20%, 8%, and 18% positive responses with biomass. The GreenSeeker NDVI reading with grain yield and aboveground dry biomass with grain yield recorded R2 ranging from 0.23-0.53 and 0.30-0.61 (in Embu), and 0.31-0.64 and 0.30-0.50 (in Kirinyaga), respectively. When data were pooled, the prediction strength increased, reaching a maximum of 67% and 58% with NDVI and biomass, respectively. Yield prediction was even more robust when the independent variables were combined through multiple linear model at both 85 and 105 days after emergence. From this research, it is evident that the effects of balanced fertilizer application are detectable from NDVI readings—providing a tool for tracking and monitoring nutrient management effects—not just from the nitrogen perspective as commonly studied but from the combined effects of multiple nutrients. Also, grain yield could be accurately predicted early before harvesting by combining NDVI and biomass yields.
Trinexapac-ethyl as an Alternative to Reduce Lodging and Preserve Grain Yield and Quality of Rye
Authors: Pinheiro Magaiver Gindri , Souza Clovis Arruda , Silva Elijanara Raissa , Junior João Francisco Costa Carneiro , Basilio Alex Fernando , Bisato Maira Maier , Kandler Rodrigo , Junkes Gustavo Vianna
Published: December 2020

Trinexapac-ethyl (henceforth referred to as trinexapac) is a growth regulator that can mitigate some undesirable vegetative growth in Poaceae plants, reducing lodging and optimizing the distribution of photoassimilates to reproductive organs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive responses of rye cultivars and trinexapac doses applied at different phenological stages of plants. Two field experiments were performed in two different seasons. In the 2015 growing season, 8 doses of trinexapac were evaluated: 0, 75, 85, 100, 115, 130, 150, 200 g ha-1 of active ingredient (a.i.), applied at the plant growth stage with the 4th node visible on the main stem (GS34). In the 2018 growing season, two cultivars (IPR 89 and BRS Serrano) and five doses of trinexapac were evaluated: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g a.i. ha-1, applied at the plant growth stage with the 6th node visible on the main stem (GS36). The morphophysiological, productive and qualitative characteristics of grains were evaluated. In the 2015 season, trinexapac applied to shoot plants at GS34 only have low response in decreased plant lodging from around 20% to 10%. However, in the 2018 season, the application of trinexapac on plants at GS36, resulted in lower plant height, associated with reduced lodging and better quality of rye grains. Cultivar IPR 89 showed higher values for yield components and grain quality in comparison to cultivar BRS Serrano. Reduced lodging is dependent on speed of resumption of plant height growth, and the magnitude of response to trinexapac is also stage-cultivar-dose-dependent; in rye, the best response to trinexapac was found at GS 36 in comparison to GS 34, and for IPR 89 in comparison to BRS Serrano cultivar, respectively, with a dose range from 100 to 150 g ai ha-1. In conclusion, trinexapac (around 150 g a.i. ha-1), when applied to plants at GS36, reduces plant height, reduces the lodging index and enables the harvest of high-quality grains.
As Múltiplas Facetas da Participação Esportiva: Contribuições de Jean Côté e Colaboradores
Authors: Souza Iuri Salim de , Vicentini Lucas , Marques Renato Francisco Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

Compreender o desenvolvimento da participação esportiva em diferentes cenários e etapas de en-volvimento com o esporte é uma tarefa que recebe importantes contribuições de pesquisadores de distintas áreas de estudos. Objetivos principais: a) apresentar algumas contribuições de Jean Côté e colaboradores sobre processos de participação esportiva; b) apresentar contribuições que culmina-ram na proposição de dois modelos de compreensão destes processos: o Modelo de Desenvolvimento da Participação Esportiva (DMSP) e suas quatro ondas de pesquisas; o Quadro de Desenvolvimento de Valores Pessoais (PAF). O DMSP apresenta como lacuna a ausência de análises aprofundadas sobre condições sociais ao entorno do jovem atleta. A quarta onda de pesquisas aponta para os possíveis resultados do desenvolvimento esportivo, complementados pelo PAF, uma abordagem ecológica de-senvolvida para contribuir com avanços sobre lacunas deixadas pelo DMSP. Devido a esta relação de complementariedade, acreditamos ser possível propor o PAF como uma quinta onda de pesquisas do DMSP.
“¡Somos escaladoras!” Historias de vida de mujeres ciclistas en equipos internacionales
Authors: Prato Luana , Torregrossa Miquel , Ramis Yago
Published: December 2020

Recientemente, la psicología del deporte ha centrado su atención en la carrera de deportistas mi-grantes transnacionales, quienes transitan entre diversos contextos culturales y experimentan transi-ciones culturales. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios sobre esta transición con mujeres deportistas. Por ello, mediante la metodología de historias de vida, este artículo explora las experiencias de dos mujeres ciclistas latinoamericanas al transitar hacia equipos profesionales internacionales. El análi-sis temático permitió construir cuatro temas: (a) “el sueño olímpico”, (b) “enfrentándose a lo des-conocido”, (c) “redes que sostienen” y (d) “mujeres y escaladoras”. Se identificó que uno de los motivos para migrar es ayudar a mejorar la calidad de vida de sus familias. Además, durante esta transición, las ciclistas relataron experimentar cambios en las dinámicas de comunicación con su familia y el papel significativo de sus parejas como fuentes de apoyo emocional. En la Discusión, proponemos estrategias para asesorar a ciclistas transnacionales latinoamericanas durante esta tran-sición.
Dopuszczalność powstrzymania się pracowników od wykonywania pracy w placówkach ochrony zdrowia w świetle problematyki art. 210 k.p.
Authors: Latosiński Łukasz
Published: December 2020

Autor analizuje regulację zawartą w art. 210 Kodeksu pracy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pracowników ochrony zdrowia. Artykuł omawia możliwość zastosowania paragrafu 5 do pracowników systemu ochrony zdrowia. W dalszej części autor wskazuje na stanowisko orzecznictwa i doktryny, a także postuluje zmianę wykładni przepisu art. 210 § 5 w odniesieniu do części tych pracowników.
Dotychczasowe stanowisko orzecznictwa i doktryny pozbawiało pracowników ochrony zdrowia uprawnienia do zaprzestania pracy lub opuszczenia stanowiska, jeżeli występuje zagrożenie zdrowia lub życia pracownika lub innych osób. Doświadczenie epidemii COVID-19 nakazuje rewizję tego stanowiska, na co autor przywołuje argumenty z wykładni językowej art. 210 Kodeksu pracy. Niektórzy przedstawiciele doktryny wskazani przez autora zdają się także przychylać do postawionej w artykule tezy.
The influence of quenching temperature
on distortions during the individual
quenching method
Authors: Wołowiec-Korecka E. , Stachurski W. , Zgórniak P. , Korecki M. , Brewka A. , Byczkowska P.
Published: December 2020

Purpose: In this paper, the impact of hardening temperature on the quenching distortions
which occur during low-pressure carburizing with gas quenching - using the individual
quenching method - was analysed.
Design/methodology/approach: The reference elements were subjected to carburizing
at 980°C, followed by gas quenching at temperatures of 860°C, 920°C and 980°C. The
geometrical measurements of the elements were made before and after the chemical
treatment and the size of the quenching distortions of their geometrical parameters was
determined.
Findings: It was demonstrated that a high temperature of quenching has an unfavourable
effect on changes in cylindricity and roundness parameters but, at the same time, reduces
the size of distortion of outer parameters. Low temperature quenching reduces quenching
distortions of cylindricity and roundness parameters while increasing the distortion of outer
dimensions.
Research limitations/implications: Based on the research and analysis carried out in
this work, it was found that the use of lower quenching temperature is justified in economic
and quality terms.
Practical implications: In the case of the aviation or automotive industry, very high quality
of manufactured elements along with a simultaneous reduction of their production costs is
extremely important. Maintaining the dimensions of the elements during heat treatment is
extremely difficult. The tests allowed to determine the optimal hardening temperature, which
brings with it acceptable deformations. Since it is easier to “repair” the outer geometrical
dimensions (diameter, thickness), it seems that quenching from lower temperatures is a
more favourable process.
Originality/value: The conducted tests allowed to determine the most favourable
conditions for hardening elements from the automotive industry, taking into account the
occurring deformations and their subsequent processing.
Microorganisms and cationic surfactants
Authors: Kula Natalia , Mazurkiewicz Edyta , Obłąk Ewa
Published: December 2020

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) as cationic surfactants with an amphiphilic structure
show biocidal activity against non-pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms (Gram-positive,
Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, as well as lipophilic viruses) occurring in planktonic
form or forming biofilms. They can also coat the surface of various materials (glass, metal,
silicone, polyester) from which medical devices are made, such as: catheters, implants, heart
valves, endoprostheses, and this allows inhibiting the adhesion of microorganisms to these
surfaces. In their chemical structure, these surfactants contain labile bonds, e.g. ester or
amide bonds, which enable the biodegradation of the compounds. Thanks to this, they are
classified as “green chemistry”. Their biological activity depends on the length of the hydrophobic
chain and the structure of the hydrophilic head of the compound. QAS have an affinity
for the cell membrane by interacting with its lipids and proteins, which can lead to its disintegration.
They have the ability to inhibit the activity of H+-ATPase of the cell membrane,
the enzyme responsible for its electrochemical gradient and the transport of nutrients to the
cell, e.g. amino acids. These compounds can influence the lipid composition (quantitative and
qualitative) of the cell membrane of microorganisms. They are also inhibitors of respiratory
processes and can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species. These surfactants are capable of forming micelles and liposomes in an aqueous environment. They are widely used in
medicine (as disinfectants, DNA carriers in gene therapy), in industry and environmental protection
(as biocides, preservatives) and in agriculture (as fungicides). The widespread use of QAS
in many fields causes the growing resistance of microorganisms to these compounds. A common
mechanism that generates reduced susceptibility to QAS is the presence of efflux pumps.
Mammaglobin A as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic
target in breast cancer
Authors: Lisiak Natalia , Sierszulska Maria , Bajsert Julia
Published: December 2020

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women. Due to the high
heterogeneity and multiplicity of histological subtypes within this type of cancer, the expression
of breast cancer markers is very diverse. Therefore, a biomarker with high sensitivity
and specificity would be extremely important for the correct diagnosis and prognosis
assessment in breast cancer patients. Mammaglobin A seems to be such a biomarker. Overexpression
of this protein is closely related with carcinogenesis in the mammary gland and is
observed in up to 80% of cases of the malignant breast cancers. According to many reports,
it is postulated that mammaglobin A may be a promising tool in the diagnostics of cancers
but also a prognostic, predictive and therapeutic factor. The information contained in this
publication presents the current state of knowledge about the structure of mammaglobin A,
its function, role in the tumorigenesis and the use of this protein as a diagnostic marker and
therapeutic target in breast cancer.