bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ageratina Adenophora Plant: A Review – One Plant with Many Therapeutic Uses
Authors: Gupta Akhilesh , Gupta Vivek
Published: January 2024

Ageratina adenophora, often known as Crofton Weed, is one of the common invasive weeds which first originated from Mexico and Central America and gradually invaded numerous parts of the world. Because of it stability to alter the soil microbial communities and its allelopathic competition with other plant species, this plant colonizes forest margins, stream banks and disturbed areas in large dense clumps and is found to possess potent toxicological effects on livestock; the lethal chronic pulmonary disease has been reported in horses while liver complications have been reported in mice. Despite this, the plant has been studied more extensively for its therapeutic uses as phytochemicals viz. steroids, tannins, triterpenes, coumarins and saponins(7-hydroxy-dehydrotremetone,7,10,11-trihydroxy-dehydrotremetone,10-oxo-7-hydroxynordehydro-tremetone,Eupatorone,2-deoxo-2-(acetyloxy)-9-oxoageraphorone(DAOA), 9-oxoagerophorone(OA), etc.) which have been reported are found to possess antimicrobial activity, antipyretic activity, wound healing, antioxidant activity, analgesic activity, anti-tumor activity, insecticidal activity, antiviral activity, anti-inflammatory activity, larvicidal activity. This present review is an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on invasive nature, pharmacological study, phytochemical review, and ethno botanical and therapeutically uses of the plant A. adenophora, which could help researchers for advanced qualitative research on it.
Benefits of Inland Water Transport in Barotse Sub Basin of Zambia
Authors: Lubinda Nasilele , Magasu Oliver
Published: January 2024

Inland Water Transport (IWT) industry in Zambia has suffered neglect for a long time despite its importance to many rural settlements of Zambia such as the Barotse Sub Basin (BSB). The study assessed the socio-economic benefits of IWT in BSB. It employed a quantitative approach. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and field observations in three districts namely Mongu, Senanga and Kalabo. A sample of 200 respondents was drawn purposively. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics generated through SPSS and Excel. Results of this study indicated that IWT is very important to the socio-economic well-being of this region because it is a source of employment, tourism and recreation as well as cheap bulky cargo transportation.
Competencias laborales y las funciones del trabajador social, Toromocho, minera-Chinalco, Yauli-La Oroya-Junín 2019
Authors: Rojas Santivañez Nataly Noelia
Published: January 2024

Este artículo, tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre las de competencias laborales y las funciones del trabajador social.  La metodología utilizada fue hipotético deductivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo correlacional no experimental debido a que se basa en conceptos y sucesos, la población está constituida por 26 profesionales del rubro de trabajo social. Para la validación se utilizó el Alfa de Cronbach y el criterio de juicio de expertos, los resultados del estudio, muestran la existencia de una relación directa y significativa entre las competencias laborales y el desenvolvimiento de las funciones del trabajador social; partiendo de la prueba “Rho de Spearman”, con un valor de probabilidad bilateral de menor al valor de significancia establecido (α = 0,05), se logra precisar que la magnitud de esta correlación es de 83,2 % (.832), corresponde a una fuerte correlación positiva; se concluye que, la correlación entre las competencias laborales y el desarrollo de las funciones del trabajador social, es positiva y moderada. El resultado se enfoca a la percepción que tiene la sociedad sobre el rol que ejerce el trabajador social en la empresa minera, valorando las competencias profesionales.
ESTIMATION OF DISTANCES IN 3D BY DENTISTRY STUDENTS USING NEMOCAST SOFTWARE (INTERCANINE DISTANCE, INTERMOLARS AND UPPER AND LOWER INCISAL SUM)
Authors: Jiménez Cuenca Adriana , Trelles Sarmiento Chiara , Bravo Calderon Manuel Estuardo , Velásquez Segarra José , Taipe Bautista Diego
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of dental students to take accurate measurements on digital dental models in STL format, using the Nemocast software, in order to contribute to knowledge about the effectiveness of digital tools in making therapeutic decisions in orthodontics. Métodos: Se realizó un proyecto observacional prospectivo en el que se realizó un escaneo intraoral a una muestra de 33 individuos, divididos en hombres y mujeres. Este examen se aplicó a personas entre 20 y 29 años de edad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en detalle el efecto de las imágenes 3D y la realidad virtual en el tratamiento ortodóncico en el entorno clínico. Resultados: Se puede estimar que la media de las mediciones tomadas en el programa NemoCast 3D finalizan entre los sexos masculino y femenino de un grupo de 33 individuos de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, donde se determinó la desviación estándar de estos valores, lo que representa una dispersión mínima de los datos analizados.
Assessment of Undergraduate Pharmacy Student Learning Styles Using the VARK Questionnaire
Authors: Jailani Nurul Ezati Wani , Suratman Suraya , Maniam Sandra , Ali Aida Azlina
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Many students struggle to recognise their own learning styles, which leads to poor academic achievement. Thus, this study aimed to determine the preferred learning styles of undergraduate pharmacy
students at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Puncak Alam Campus. The correlation between the preferred learning style of pharmacy students and their gender, year of study, and academic performance was also investigated in this study. Methods: Respondents (N = 258) were recruited using simple random sampling from four cohort of pharmacy students. The learning style was evaluated by using a validated Visual, Aural, Reading/writing, and Kinesthetic (VARK) Questionnaire. Results: In this study, unimodal learning style was preferred by 65.1% of the respondents, with the remaining 34.9% having multimodal style preference. Kinesthetic (K) was the most preferred learning style (37.6%) while Reading/writing (R) was the least preferred method of learning (33.7%). The Chi-square test of independence revealed that there was a significant correlation between gender and the preferred learning style (p = 0.002). However, no correlation was observed in the preferred modality according to the year of study (p = 0.877) and academic performance (p = 0.989). Conclusion: In conclusion, the majority of our pharmacy students were unimodal learners, with the kinesthetic learning style being the most common and reading/writing being the least preferred. Our pharmacy students have also been discovered to be multimodal learners, which may be an important consideration for educators utilising a mixed teaching technique to support various learning styles.
PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES DE RISCOS ASSOCIADOS À HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL EM IDOSOS HOSPITALIZADOS
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil, Macedo Araújo Leiri Leiva Aparecida , Vaz Liessa Aparecida ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil, Pena Porto Juliana ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil, Magnabosco Patrícia ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil, Guimarães Raponi Maria Beatriz ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil, Melo e Oliveira Maria Angélica ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil, Nasser Figueiredo Valéria ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
Published: January 2024

Introdução: A hipertensão é o principal fator contribuidor para todas as causas de morte e invalidez. Alterações fisiopatológicas em razão do envelhecimento justificam alta incidência da hipertensão no idoso. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência e fatores associados a hipertensão em idosos hospitalizados. Método: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 233 idosos em hospital de ensino brasileiro de grande porte. Dados sociodemográficos/clínicos e hábitos de vida foram coletados. Análise bivariada e regressão logística foram realizadas, sendo considerado significativo p<0,05. Resultados: A média de idade foi 70,9±8,1anos, com prevalência do sexo masculino (63,1%), brancos (62,2%) e hipertensos (67%). Idade ≥80anos (OR:3,965, IC 95%:1,430- 10,995) e diabetes (OR:4,196, IC 95%:1,968-8,946) foram significativos para ocorrência de hipertensão. Conclusão: Indivíduos muito idosos e diabetes foram fatores significativos para hipertensão em idosos hospitalizados.
A Case Study on Community Experiences of Female Single-Person Households in Twenties and Thirties : Focused on Experiences and Perceptions on Family
Authors:   The Women’s Studies Center, Chun Eunhye , Choi Heekyung
Published: January 2024

This study examines the meaning of community experiences of female single-person households in their twenties and thirties whose number is gradually increasing focused on experiences and perceptions on family. Case study research method was adopted and in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 single-person household young women. As results of the study, 3 categories were drawn from the discourses of the participants: experiences of single- person household, experiences of communities, and experiences of families. The participants autonomously chose the life of single-person households as a means to pursuit their academic or work careers.The participants participated in the community, self-development activities and hobbies as a way to satisfy their needs of self-actualization and build new relationships. They showed individualism that values a free individual life, but also showed an active aspect in forming or participating in groups for study or hobbies pursuing intimacy by forming social relationship. In the female community, the participants could experience a sense of solidarity with the identity of a woman that cannot be experienced in the female community, or help them to move forward and stabilize themselves in the future when they are frustrated or have struggling, help them to move forward or stabilize in the future and help them stay in the presence. In addition, community members respect each other, share their experiences, and express safely themselves as they are. The female communities can be viewed as a family in a broad sense with intimate but loose solidarity. These experiences was interpreted a process of re-establishing family concept. It was shown that the participants experienced emotional distress and conflicts with their original families, which made them direct a new relationship of family adhering to a normative and ideal concept of family. In conclusion, the female communities that young females independently chose were interpreted in the context of alternative and flexible family further suggesting the need for social, institutional, and policy changes.
Cosas de niños, tan solo eso.
Authors: Arévalo Marco A.
Published: January 2024

El artículo desenvuelve un esquema del pensamiento de Gadamer con relación a su teoría estética donde confluyen juego y tradición, salpicados aquí y allá de matices y contrastes, principalmente heideggerianos, sin descuidar aportaciones más críticas como las de Adorno. Comienza por un recorrido alrededor del juego. Desde ahí, se adentra en el proceso de transformación, en la construcción, en su sentido, en su necesidad. Prosigue abordando el significado de las obras, si es que alguno transporta. Y termina fundiendo verdad con belleza, cuestionando la actualidad de este posicionamiento.
Campo de jogo e dinâmica existencial:
Authors: Kahlmeyer-Mertens Roberto Saraiva
Published: January 2024

O propósito do artigo é abordar o conceito de jogo (Spiel) na hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer, tal como aparece na obra Verdade e Método. Questionamos como o jogo, tratado como metáfora, nos permite compreender conceitos genuinamente hermenêuticos como compreensão e interpretação. O objetivo é mostrar o jogo como uma dinâmica existencial quando a questão é compreender e interpretar. Centramo-nos na noção de compreensão e no campo de jogo que a constitui; também, o quanto a interpretação é formada a partir de estruturas de compreensão prévias e de significados historicamente consolidados. O objetivo, por fim, é indicar como seria engendrada a compreensão em um jogo que estabelece tanto o jogador quanto o jogado. Entre nossas metas específicas, cabe apontar que as interpretações nunca são cabais, estando, portanto, sujeitas a revisões de seus significados na própria dinâmica que os fundamenta.
Effect of 6G Network in our Environment
Authors: Amruta  Janardan Pawar  , Ayesha khan
Published: January 2024

The ongoing deployment of 5G cellular systems is continuously exposing the inherent limitations of this system, compared to its original premise as an enabler for Internet of Everything applications. These 5G drawbacks are spurring worldwide activities focused on defining the next-generation 6G wireless system that can truly integrate far-reaching applications ranging from autonomous systems to extended reality. Despite recent 6G initiatives1, the fundamental architectural and performance components of 6G remain largely undefined. In this paper, we present a holistic, forward-looking vision that defines the tenets of a 6G system. We opine that 6G will not be a mere exploration of more spectrum at high-frequency bands, but it will rather be a convergence of upcoming technological trends driven by exciting, underlying services. In this regard, we first identify the primary drivers of 6G systems, in terms of applications and accompanying technological trends. Then, we propose a new set of service classes and expose their target 6G performance requirements. We then identify the enabling technologies for the introduced 6G services and outline a comprehensive research agenda that leverages those technologies. We conclude by providing concrete recommendations for the roadmap toward 6G. Ultimately, the intent of this article is to serve as a basis for stimulating more out-of-the-box research around 6G.
DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA CALIDAD BACTERIOLÓGICA DEL AGUA POTABLE EN ALGUNAS COMUNIDADES RURALES DE LA REGIÓN DE AZUERO
Authors: Cruz Héctor , Montañez Dalila
Published: January 2024

El abastecimiento de agua para uso y consumo humano es fundamental, a pesar de esto existen comunidades con alta incidencia de enfermedades gastrointestinales cuyo origen se le ha atribuido a la deficiencia en la calidad del agua. Se evaluó el estado bacteriológico del agua potable de comunidades rurales de Azuero, durante los meses de enero a marzo de 2020. Mediante la técnica de filtración por membrana se detectó coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y heterótrofos totales, además se midieron algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos (pH, temperatura, cloro residual y conductividad). Los valores bacteriológicos sobrepasaron los límites permisibles para agua potable en el país (<1 UFC). La prueba de Kruskal-Wallis mostró diferencias significativas con relación a la presencia de E. coli y coliformes (p<0,0001) entre las regiones estudiadas. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos indicaron que se cumple con los estándares establecidos, excepto el cloro residual. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de establecer alternativas para mejorar la calidad del agua potable en estas áreas rurales del país.
IMPACTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN EMPRENDEDORA EN LA FORMACIÓN DE CIUDADANOS SOCIALMENTE RESPONSABLES
Authors: Díaz López Willians Armando , Vásconez Mera Pablo Luis , Contreras Moscol Daniel Fabricio
Published: January 2024

Este artículo científico exploró el impacto potencial que la inclusión de la educación emprendedora dentro del sistema educativo podría tener en la formación de individuos socialmente conscientes. El estudio profundizó en la posibilidad de que la educación empresarial no solo fomente las capacidades empresariales, sino también la conciencia cívica y el sentido de responsabilidad social en los estudiantes. Esto se logró mediante el examen de programas educativos seleccionados que combinan principios empresariales con valores sociales. La investigación evaluó la influencia de estos programas en las perspectivas de los estudiantes con respecto a la participación comunitaria, la sostenibilidad y la resolución de problemas sociales. El objetivo del estudio fue utilizar análisis tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos para explorar cómo el sistema educativo podría mejorar el crecimiento de las personas que poseen un fuerte sentido de compromiso y conciencia ambiental. Además, se propuso evaluar cómo estas personas podrían emplear el espíritu empresarial y los esfuerzos de colaboración para abordar los desafíos sociales. Las implicaciones de los hallazgos de esta investigación eran sustanciales, ya que podían ayudar en la formación de políticas educativas que fomentaran un enfoque holístico de la educación, orientado tanto hacia el logro personal como hacia el avance social. En síntesis, el artículo enfatizó cómo la educación emprendedora tiene un efecto positivo en la formación de ciudadanos comprometidos con la responsabilidad social, al desarrollar habilidades, mentalidades, conciencia social y participación cívica que contribuyen al bienestar colectivo mejorando no solo la forma de pensar sino el estilo de vida de la sociedad.
COMUNICACIÓN DE RIESGOS EN EL BROTE DE VIRUELA SÍMICA MUNDIAL
Authors: Fuentes Abdel
Published: January 2024

El objetivo general resume el hallazgo que arrojaron los artículos científicos, tesis doctorales y otros documentos consultados, en relación con la investigación propuesta. Es decir, los datos que proporcionaron dichos estudios, correlacionados directa e indirectamente con la influencia que los medios de comunicación ejercieron sobre la conducta y opinión de receptores en Panamá, en torno a los mensajes que recibieron acerca del coronavirus. Las fechas de las fuentes consultadas se ubican entre 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021 y 2022. Para seleccionar las referidas fuentes, se utilizaron criterios como objetivos y resultados de las investigaciones. Además, se valoró la utilidad en términos de las conclusiones que arrojaron dichas investigaciones y su coincidencia, o no, con la propuesta de la investigación sobre el caso de Panamá. Los resultados revelaron datos específicos que demostraron la manera como los medios logran influir en la conducta de sus receptores y el impacto psicológico que ciertos eventos provocan en la gente. La revisión permitió concluir que los medios de comunicación disponen de las herramientas y el poder para influir en el pensamiento, conducta y opinión de los receptores que consultan, o que se exponen voluntariamente a dichos medios para informarse y entretenerse. El ejercicio de indagación aportó información significativa, referente al impacto psicológico que provocó el confinamiento, lo cual ayudó a relacionar el análisis de la influencia mediática, con el escenario que se vivió en Panamá y otros países.
Nature-Based Solutions Workshop Report: Placencia, Belize (report no. 3)
Authors: Trotz Maya , Webb Alex , Brinton Amanda , Zarger Rebecca , Carne Lisa , Bood Nadia , Hinds Kris-An , McKenna Rory , Fogg Sandy , Neal Juliet , Guerry Anne , Lasserre C.G. , Gutierrez David , Silver Jess , Moore Tiara , Beck Mike
Published: January 2024

On August 30th, 2023, over 90 members of the Placencia Peninsula community gathered for a collaborative workshop to address escalating threats to Belize’s coastline. Hosted by Fragments of Hope Ltd. and WWF Mesoamerica, the event introduced an international initiative, Strong Coasts, which studies Nature-Based Solutions to flooding and erosion risks. Through interactive presentations, discussions, and hands-on exercises, attendees shared diverse perspectives on protecting vital yet vulnerable ecosystems like mangroves and coral reefs. Five key areas of concern emerged from participants: governance gaps, unsustainable resource use, insufficient coastal protection, pollution, and habitat loss. Despite varied viewpoints, participants expressed unity around enhancing enforcement and community input in decisions impacting the peninsula. Participatory mapping activities visualized erosion patterns and changes in habitats, revealing how geography shapes local outlooks. In written reflections, people noted new insights gained while emphasizing the need for ongoing, cooperative efforts to implement solutions. This workshop report marks one of many step in the community collectively working to care for the threatened nature so central to health, livelihoods, and heritage along the peninsula. We are deeply grateful to all the participants who generously contributed their time, energy, and invaluable insights. As the Strong Coasts project moves forward, we are guided by the words of Jamaican philosopher Sylvia Wynter: “What we do to nature we do to ourselves. Let us walk gently through life.
Authors: Wibisono Salsabila Safirana , Umam Khothibul
Published: January 2024

Early Childhood Education is one of the earliest educational institutions for children. By utilizing today's technological advances and the tendency of children to play rather than learn, researchers are interested in making educational games for early childhood. This research is to develop Android educational games for early childhood in improving creativity, cognitive, psychomotor, and insight into fruits. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D). This game was designed with Construct 3 for its creation and Canva for its asset creation. Using drag and drop method, children match the fruit image and its shadow. The evaluation results show the game's potential as an interesting and effective learning tool. It is hoped that this game can increase children's interest in learning about fruits, supporting a fun learning approach.
Smoking in Human Rights Perspective in Indonesia
Authors: Sodikin Sodikin
Published: January 2024

Smoking is an activity carried out to fulfill one’s pleasure, and for smokers this activity is a natural thing and is a person’s right to smoke. The results of research by health experts smoking and the smoke it causes are very harmful to health, so it is necessary to protect human health and the environment. The problem is how to smoke in the perspective of human rights, because it is related to health and environmental protection. Through the method of normative juridical approach, the results of this study explain that, the basis of a rule of law is the protection of human rights, and human rights in question are the right to a good and healthy environment as explained in several legal provisions governing human rights. Setting the right to a good and healthy environment includes the right to live a healthy life from the effects of exposure to harmful cigarette smoke. The regulation of human rights in the protection of human rights is regulated at the international level, the 1945 Constitution and other statutory regulations up to the regional regulation level. Smoking activity carried out by smokers is not a human right, because the law regulates the provisions of these human rights.
SEXUAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOL AND ITS OBSTACLES TO AN ESSENTIAL REALITY
Authors: Barbosa de Sousa Júnior José
Published: January 2024

The article addresses the importance of sexual education in schools and the challenges that hinder its effective implementation. Emphasis is placed on addressing issues related to sexuality in the educational environment, aiming to provide appropriate information to students, promoting a healthy and conscious understanding of the subject with the goal of understanding the relevance of the pedagogical approach in sexual education experienced in the classroom by teachers and students at school. Through the qualitative method, the research is based on the exploration of articles, among other documents available in databases and virtual libraries. Additionally, obstacles that impede the realization of this reality are discussed, such as cultural taboos, resistance from certain sectors of society, as well as the absence of comprehensive educational policies. The article highlights the need to overcome such barriers to ensure inclusive sexual education that contributes to the holistic development of students and promotes healthy and respectful relationships throughout their lives in this essential cycle.
Analisis Kepuasan Hidup Pegawai Bank di Kota Pekanbaru terhadap Turnover Intention Ditinjau dari Jabatan dan Gaji
Authors: Raihan  , Neng Murialti  , Muhammad Hidayat
Published: January 2024

Kepuasan hidup merupakan suatu tingkatan saat individu merasa positif atau negatif tentang kehidupan mereka, yang merupakan respons terhadap aktifitas serta kondisi fisik dan sosial inidvidu. Pegawai yang merasa tidak puas dengan pekerjaannya cenderung memilih untuk mengundurkan diri (Turnover Intention). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kepuasan hidup pegawai bank ditinjau dari jabatan dan gaji. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif yang berawal dari penalaran induktif, dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah empat pegawai bank yang disesuaikan dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pegawai bank masih ada yang belum pada tahap puas karena masih banyak tuntutan yang belum didapatkan. Jabatan dan gaji masih menjadi faktor utama para pegawai belum merasakan kepuasan hidup sehingga masih terdapat keinginan untuk melakukan turnover intention.
Implementasi Etika Pendidikan Islam Sebagai Landasan Pengembangan Bank Syariah
Authors: Firmansyah Ridwan , Naofal Alghifari Muhamad , Faisal Hakim Muhammad , Awalia Zahrani , Putri Anggraini Aswad Sephia , Rahmawati Rafika
Published: January 2024

Abstrak. Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi etika pendidikan Islam sebagai landasan pengembangan Bank Syariah melalui metode library research. Fokus penelitian melibatkan analisis terhadap literatur-literatur kunci yang membahas hubungan antara etika pendidikan Islam dan perkembangan Bank Syariah. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan wawasan mendalam mengenai nilai-nilai etika Islam dalam konteks perbankan syariah serta menyediakan landasan bagi pengembangan bank berbasis prinsip-prinsip syariah. Metode library research digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis literatur-literatur terkait, termasuk teks-teks klasik dan kontemporer, untuk mendukung argumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini mencakup pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai peran etika pendidikan Islam dalam membentuk karakter dan praktik bisnis yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai syariah, dengan harapan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap perkembangan Bank Syariah.
Avenging Tomóchic and Santo Tomás
Authors: Morgan Brandon
Published: January 2024

Brandon Morgan analyzes the uprising of Santana Pérez in Chihuahua in 1893-94, when the centralizing and modernizing dynamics of the Porfiriato were in full swing. With a small band of armed men, Pérez raided a customs house on the Chihuahua-New Mexico border in hopes of sparking an uprising against Mexico’s national government. The brutality of government repression that followed moved Pérez and his followers to condemn the tyranny of the federal government and take up arms against it. Morgan focuses on the war of words in the newspapers that followed, as Mexican officials tried to deny legitimacy and the rebels sought support. The revolt and the newspaper debates that surrounded it reveal that the Mexican state had no monopoly on the use of violence on its side of the international border, which people such as Pérez used to resist the efforts at capitalist development and political centralization in the region by the Porfirio Diaz regime.
In Her Mouth Was an Olive Leaf Pluck’d Off
Authors: Williams-Forson Psyche A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines some of the way in which Black people make food choices (or the lack thereof), especially during times of calamity and chaos. It also discusses the ways that movement—voluntary or involuntary—affects how and what we eat. It also considers how centuries of misinformation and misinterpretation undergird anti-Black racism. And finally, it looks at the ways that ideology, cultural capital, and class connect with race to open our understanding of how food shaming takes place in our everyday lives.
When Racism Rests on Your Plate, Indeed, Worry about Yourself
Authors: Williams-Forson Psyche A.
Published: January 2024

Williams-Forson concludes by encouraging conversation about food and what it means to eat the “right” way, considering way sociocultural and economic identities impact food choices. Food shaming is a means by which to control Black bodies. Black Americans experience food shaming that is directly impacted by the historical legacy of enslavement, systemic inequities, and race and class discrimination. A locavore challenge allows participants to experience firsthand how sociocultural and economic conditions and food insecurity impact food choices.
Living with the U.S. Military
Authors: Fredman Zach
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines everyday interactions between American military personnel and Chinese civilians. These engagements took place mostly without the mediation of hostel staff or interpreters. They unfolded across southwestern and central China, at construction sites where conscript laborers build runways for US aircraft, in remote villages where farmers rescued downed aircrews, and, above all, in the cities and towns where American soldiers spent their free time. Rampant theft, offensive sensory encounters, and banditry led American personnel to racialize Chinese civilians with striking speed and consistency. The increasingly draconian, sometimes deadly measures employed in response to theft provoked outrage, adding to the cumulative effect of civilian anger over forced dislocations, deadly accidents, and violent crimes caused by GIs, who were emboldened by their exemption from Chinese law. When cross-cultural cooperation did occur, more often than not it involved smuggling and black-market trading, which had a negative effect on military operations. So while a minority of engagements—particularly aircrew rescues—strengthened Sino-American relations, the majority contributed to the alliance’s unraveling.
Introduction
Authors: Falciola Luca
Published: January 2024

Scholarship has generally framed lawyers’ engagement in social movements as a consequence of the legalistic spirit of Americans, who see the courts as engines of social change, trust test case litigation, and ally with “public interest lawyers.” As the Introduction makes clear, this book unearths a different story, whose protagonists are “radical lawyers” who stood on the Left, rallied around unpopular defendants, sought to transform legal questions into political issues, and criticized the law as an instrument perpetuating systemic injustice. Such a unique phenomenon blossomed during the 1960s and 1970s but first emerged in the nineteenth century. This introductory section retraces the early experiences of legal-political militancy among the Wobblies, the Anarchists, and the Communists. It also explains how the National Lawyers Guild (NLG) picked up the torch in 1937 and, later, desperately fought against McCarthyism, being almost crushed.
Conclusion
Authors: Falciola Luca
Published: January 2024

The conclusion assesses the historical impact of the NLG on both lawyers and activists. On the one hand, the presence of a nationwide alternative bar association defeated radical lawyers’ isolation, provided a space for political discussion and training, connected generations, shielded its members from repressive attacks, challenged the conservative habits of the profession, and called lawyers into action. On the other hand, it afforded activists with a network of sympathetic, expert, and mostly pro bono lawyers ready to embrace unpopular causes. Eager to politicize legal cases, radical lawyers would go the extra mile to help and empower their clients, as they felt they were part of the same movement. Ultimately, the book demonstrates that radical lawyers, despite their constant criticism of legalism, took advantage of the justice system to protect political defendants while expanding the boundaries of people’s rights.
Conclusion
Authors: Kretz Dale
Published: January 2024

In the final days of the Pension Bureau, old age was itself considered an infirmity eligible for pensions. The age and service pension system paved the way for the creation of the modern American welfare state via the Social Security Act of 1935. Though many attribute the Social Security Act’s exclusion of agricultural and domestic workers to Southern congressmen, the real culprit was the Committee on Economic Security (CES). President Franklin D. Roosevelt had charged the CES with creating a system to administer relief to the elderly and unemployed, along with others needing assistance. The resultant creation of a two-track welfare state and the exclusion of 20 million people—half the workforce—from Old Age Insurance (i.e., social security benefits) not only worked to institutionalize racism but also to establish a modern, heavily bureaucratized American welfare state that burdened its clients and profoundly disempowered its citizens. Means testing has always been a threat to democracy.
Rethinking Slave Flight
Authors: Müller Viola Franziska
Published: January 2024

While most historiography focuses on fugitive slaves to the northern states, vast numbers of runaways actually remained within the slaveholding South. Many of them gravitated to cities. Putting to the forefront issues of mobility, illegality, networks, and labor in the urban space, this book tells their stories. Departing from the question of why spaces of refuge arose in southern cities and how fugitives navigated them, the Introduction advocates for employing the methods of migration studies to research fugitive slaves and discusses the diverse sources that the book draws on. Recognizing the indispensable involvement of free Black communities in southern slave flight, it reconceptualizes southern fugitivity as collective action, attesting to resistance to slavery as lying at the heart of the Black experience before the Civil War.
Urban Politics and Black Labor
Authors: Müller Viola Franziska
Published: January 2024

This chapter sets out with a contradiction: for all the tumult about runaway slaves in national politics, white southerners did not seem to try very hard to stem the problem in the cities of the South. Slaveholders were traditionally responsible for legislation regarding racial control in the cities. Yet economic developments, expansion of suffrage, and foreign immigration brought about a restructuring of civic power and views about the labor of Black people. Over time, financiers, merchants, and industrialists grew stronger and came to fill important political positions on a local level. The more powerful this capitalist middle class became, this chapter argues, the more absorptive the respective city grew vis-à-vis fugitive slaves and other undocumented people who could be easily exploited as wage workers.
A Far Greater Prize than Vietnam
Authors: Lawrence Mark Atwood
Published: January 2024

Before and during the Vietnam War, numerous US policymakers asserted that the West must stop communist expansion in Vietnam in order to protect Indonesia, the much more important nation to the south. Yet few American leaders – and few historians in more recent decades – explored the relationship between the Vietnam War and the status of Indonesia in any depth. This essay examines this link by first exploring how US escalation in Vietnam affected the political situation in Indonesia and then probing the reverse: how conditions in Indonesia contributed to American decision-making regarding Vietnam. The chapter argues that the link was far murkier than bold American rhetoric suggested.
The View from the Hill
Authors: Gilbert Marc Jason
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines Hawaiʻi’s engagement with the Vietnam War through the lens of its wartime congressional delegation from 1964–1975. Unlike any other American state or territory, Hawaiʻi’s majority Asian American population had ties with Asian nations struggling against communist aggression. In the effort to assist them, the delegation – all Asian Americans – drew on their experience of combat and/or public service in the cause of self-determination and democracy. They were also guided by their exposure to the Hawaiian values they shared with the majority of their constituents, who endorsed the delegation’s effort to pursue peace through negotiations encouraged by limited military action. When the level of violence employed to achieve the ends of limited war in Indochina went beyond acceptable levels, they chose peace over any other consideration. Though their efforts to secure a negotiated peace “through aloha” failed, their preference for soft power still has resonance in conflict resolution circles; they were the first Hawaiians in Congress to grapple with a rising Hawai‘i sovereignty movement spurred by the impact of war at home, and in this and in other ways, they succeeded in building lasting local and national institutions for the promotion of peace across the Indo-Pacific.
LBJ’s Hessians?
Authors: Lovins Christopher
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the reasons behind South Korea’s contribution to America’s war effort in Vietnam, by far the largest of all US allies. These troops continue to be disparaged as mercenaries in both Korea and the US due to the enormous aid packages Korea received in exchange. They have also been characterized as a “bribe” to ensure the US would not withdraw its troops defending Korea. This chapter argues that the characterization of Korean troops in Vietnam as mercenaries is inappropriate. Acknowledging the importance of aid and the possibility of American withdrawal from Korea in South Korean President Park Chung Hee’s calculus, the chapter makes the case that Park was most concerned with shoring up his legitimacy at home. Sending Korean troops to Vietnam guaranteed US support for his regime, distracted Koreans’ attention from the deeply unpopular restoration of diplomatic relations with Japan, and galvanized anti-Communist fervor that was the legitimizing basis of Park’s coup d’état, greatly strengthening Park’s hand against his domestic opponents.
Strengthening the Regime
Authors: Long S. R. Joey
Published: January 2024

This chapter argues that Singaporean policymakers exploited the American concerns with the hot war in Indochina to advance their regime interests. They engaged Washington to procure military weapons for the Singaporean military. They also cultivated US business leaders to draw American capital to the city-state. The flow of American military equipment and investment to Singapore enhanced the capacity of the Singaporean regime to defend its interests against adversarial neighbors, further its development strategies, and consolidate its control of the city-state. Washington’s retreat from a devastating war in Vietnam ultimately did not lead to a significant diminution of American influence and power in Southeast Asia. With states such as Singapore, close Singapore-US economic and security relations prevailed.
Moving beyond the Past
Authors: Nguyen Nathalie Huynh Chau
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the service of second-generation Vietnamese Australians in the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The Vietnamese form the largest refugee community in Australia, growing from 1,000 people in 1975 to 277,400 people in 2016 or 1.2 percent of the Australian population. Australia has formally recognized the service of Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF) veterans. As allied veterans, they are entitled to an Australian service pension and full membership of the Returned and Services League of Australia (RSL). Drawing on oral histories conducted in Australia in 2017–2018, this chapter argues that the narratives of second-generation Vietnamese Australian personnel reveal not only the ways in which they have interpreted their family histories and heritage culture and the role of the past in their decision to enlist in the military but also the advantages conferred to them by flexible bicultural identities. It analyses the concepts of gratitude, agency and belonging in relation to refugee histories in Australia.
Colonial Legacies of Dioxin Contamination in Vietnam and Australia
Authors: Ngo Boi Huyen
Published: January 2024

This chapter delves into the enduring impact of colonial legacies on perceptions of dioxin contamination, specifically examining the shadow cast by Agent Orange in the Vietnam War on both environment and health. By exploring two distinct case studies – one in Australia and the other in Vietnam – through archival and literary analysis, this chapter unravels a tapestry of issues and its effects on Vietnamese, Aboriginal Australian, and Vietnam War veteran communities. It explores issues such as discourses around Operation Ranch Hand, the use of the Smokey Bear mascot, and pesticide utilization in the Kimberley region. In conclusion, this chapter proposes practices and methods for diagnosis and storytelling to decolonize histories and practices around understanding lived experiences of environmental contamination and its continuing, inter-generational affects and slow violence on communities.
Something Deeply Rooted
Authors: Hilliard Emily
Published: January 2024

Through a tour of sites and the atmospheric setting that inspired writer Breece D’J Pancake’s stories in his hometown of Milton, West Virginia, Hilliard considers the notion of sense of place as a form of folklore that entwines narrative, experience, and landscape. Experiencing Milton through an embodied experience of Pancake’s writing—which itself documents a fading culture—reveals the cultural, social, and environmental shifts of small-town West Virginia in the forty years since his stories were written. This chapter is written as a “place essay”, relayed by a folk narrator through the poetics of personal expression while grounded in place and linked to a collective narrative. This models how folkloric concepts can undergird creative nonfiction, while not necessarily being framed explicitly as theory or written in an academic style, and thus opening possibilities for new audiences and contexts.
The Daughters of Mother Jones
Authors: Hilliard Emily
Published: January 2024

In this chapter, Hilliard examines the 2018-2019 West Virginia teachers’ strike from a folkloric perspective, revealing how the application of expressive culture as a form of resistance was employed by public school teachers as they organized online and in physical spaces, communicating through attire, signs, food, chants, songs, and digital memes the importance of their care work in sustaining the everyday life of their communities. The way expressive and largely ephemeral culture of the labor struggle was evolving and being performed in real time demonstrates the importance of public folklore institutions as entities well-positioned to document these types of actions—which disrupt everyday life in order to sustain it—as they unfold. To witness the teachers’ strike as it evolved was to experience the visionary possibilities of expressive culture and its ability to bolster group identity and forge a new reality in resistance to dominant power structures. This chapter takes up the tradition of occupational folklife or “labor lore” championed by folklorists Archie Green, George Korson, and Jim Leary, among others.
Wild, Wonderful, Wasteland West Virginia
Authors: Hilliard Emily
Published: January 2024

In this chapter, Hilliard discusses Fallout76, the multiplayer video game set in a postapocalyptic West Virginia in the year 2102. She considers how the game and a network of its players engage with folklife to various ends and argues that the game developers’ retrofuture virtual rendering of West Virginia serves as a canvas on which they project overarching anxieties of late capitalism. In doing so, she examines similarities of that rendering with other historical examples of the narrativization of Appalachia—namely local color writers—as well as the potential implications of that vision. On a user level, Fallout76 players inhabit the imaginary of a virtual postapocalyptic West Virginia to create their own vernacular culture in a digital space, which maps onto physical locations in West Virginia and codifies a narrative about the state’s culture, folklore, history, landscape, and aesthetic. In turn, gamers are enacting their virtual experiences in Fallout76’s West Virginia, in their real-world counterparts, foregrounding questions of the potential benefits and negative impacts cultural heritage tourism brings to West Virginia communities.
A correlation and red, amber, green (RAG) analysis of Boditech i-CHROMA™ Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Point of Care Test (POCT) Method and Roche PSA laboratory methods
Authors: Bolodeoku John , Gbaa Terry , Anyaeche Chidi , Bass Michael , Makanjuola Jonathan , Kim Tae Kyum , Chinegwundoh Frank
Published: January 2024

Background: This study evaluated and compared the performance of the Boditech i-CHROMA™ point-of-care testing (POCT) method for the quantification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) against traditional laboratory PSA method (Roche Methods – Roche Cobas c303/501/502/503, Roche Cobas e402/ e801 and Roche Cobas e411) using external quality control material from RIQAS.
Materials and method: External quality control distributions from RIQAS were analysed using the Boditech i-CHROMA™ PSA method; these were then compared with the results of the Roche Methods – Roche Cobas c303/501/502/503, Roche Cobas e402/ e801 and Roche Cobas e411 provided by participants in the scheme. The mean results of the Roche methods were compared using linear regression and Red Amber Green (RAG) analysis, a scoring system where red is indicative of a raised PSA (>6.0 ng/mL), amber is indicative of a slightly raised PSA (5.0 – 6.0 ng/mL). Green indicates a normal PSA (<5.0 ng/mL).
Results: The data showed that between the Boditech i-CHROMA™ PSA results and the Roche Cobas c303/501/502/503, there was an excellent correlation (r2 = 0.9843). The RAG analysis showed the Boditech i-CHROMA™ PSA method identified 26 reds, two ambers, and six greens compared with 27 reds, two ambers, and six greens determined by the Roche Cobas c303/501/502/503 method. The data showed an excellent correlation between the Boditech i-CHROMA™ PSA results and the Roche Cobas e402/ e801 PSA methods (r2 = 0.9842). The RAG analysis showed the Boditech i-CHROMA™ PSA method identified 30 reds, three ambers, and eight greens compared with 31 reds, two ambers, and eight greens identified by the Roche Cobas e402/ e801 PSA methods. The data showed an excellent correlation between the Boditech i-CHROMA™ PSA results and the Roche Cobas e411 PSA methods (r2 = 0.9851). The RAG analysis showed the Boditech i-CHROMA™ PSA method identified 30 reds, three ambers, and eight greens compared with 31 reds, two ambers, and eight greens identified Roche Cobas e411 PSA methods.
Conclusion: The data showed that the Boditech i-CHROMA™ PSA method is comparable to the Roche Cobas c303/501/502/503, Roche Cobas e402/ e801 and Roche Cobas e411 PSA methods. This could effectively reduce the turnaround time to make prompt decisions on diagnosing, treating, and monitoring of patients with prostate-related disorders.