bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different levels of circadian (de)synchrony ­– where does it hurt?
Authors: Galinde Ankita AS. , Al-Mughales Faheem , Oster Henrik , Heyde Isabel
Published: April 2023

A network of cellular timers ensures the maintenance of homeostasis by temporal modulation of physiological processes across the day. These so-called circadian clocks are synchronized to geophysical time by external time cues (or zeitgebers). In modern societies, natural environmental cycles are disrupted by artificial lighting, around-the-clock availability of food or shift work. Such contradictory zeitgeber input promotes chronodisruption, i.e., the perturbation of internal circadian rhythms, resulting in adverse health outcomes. While this phenomenon is well described, it is still poorly understood at which level of organization perturbed rhythms impact on health and wellbeing. In this review, we discuss different levels of chronodisruption and what is known about their health effects. We summarize the results of disrupted phase coherence between external and internal time vs. misalignment of tissue clocks amongst each other, i.e., internal desynchrony. Last, phase incoherence can also occur at the tissue level itself. Here, alterations in phase coordination can emerge between cellular clocks of the same tissue or between different clock genes within the single cell. A better understanding of the mechanisms of circadian misalignment and its effects on physiology will help to find effective tools to prevent or treat disorders arising from modern-day chronodisruptive environments.
Predicting infection with COVID-19 disease using logistic regression model in Karak City, Jordan
Authors: Khaleel Anas , Abu Dayyih Wael , AlTamimi Lina , Dalaeen Liana , Zakaraya Zainab , Ahmad Alhareth , Albadareen Baker , Elbakkoush Abdallah Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Background: On March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) labeled coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. COVID-19 has rapidly increased in Jordan which resulted in the announcement of the emergency state on March 19th, 2020. Despite the variety of research being reported, there is no agreement on the variables that predict COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to test the predictors that probably contributed to the infection with COVID-19 using a binary logistic regression model.

Methods: Based on data collected by Google sheet of COVID-19 infected and non-infected persons in Karak city, analysis was applied to predict COVID-19 infection probability using a binary logistic regression model.

Results: A total of 386 participants have completed the questionnaire including 323 women and 63 men. Among the participants 295 (76.4%) were aged less than or equal 45 years old, and 91 (23.6%) were aged over 45 years old. Among the 386 participants a total of 275 were infected with COVID-19. The LR chi-square test was used to analyze every demographic characteristic (sex, age, job, smoking, chronic disease, yearly flu injection) in this study to find predictors of the likelihood of COVID-19 infection. The findings indicate that the participants' sex and age are the most important demographic determinants of infection. Cox & Snell R Square (R2 = 0.028) and Nagelkerke R Square (R2 = 0.039) indicators was used to measure model fineness with significant P-value < 0.05.

Conclusions: Given a person's age and sex, the final model presented in this study can be used to calculate the probability of infection with COVID-19 in Karak city. This could help aid health-care management and policymakers in properly planning and allocating health-care resources.
Magico-religious beliefs, stigma and help-seeking for adolescent mental health at the community level – A multi-stakeholder qualitative exploration in southern India
Authors: Prabhu Vidya , Chandra Varalakshmi , Ashok Lena , D'Souza Brayal , Nair Ravichandran
Published: April 2023

Background:  Almost half of all mental health disorders begin before the age of 14. However, several barriers exist to seeking help for mental health conditions among adolescents in the Indian context. The present study aimed at exploring multi-stakeholder perspectives on adolescent mental health and help-seeking behavior as well as referral. 

Methods: Our study adopted a qualitative design with focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) conducted over a span of one year among 70 participants using purposive sampling. Participants included parents of adolescents, adolescents aged 14–16 years, high school teachers, and mental health professionals (MHP) and a pediatrician. The study was conducted in selected educational blocks of Udupi taluk.  Parental written informed consent and assent from adolescents were obtained. Data was transcribed and thematic analysis was performed using Atlas.ti (version 8) to identify codes and code families following which themes were identified. 

Results: Our findings elicited community-held beliefs and attitudes indicating pathways and barriers to seeking care. Participants perceived that increased device use, accessing pornographic material, experiencing bullying, academic stress and negative perceptions surrounding mental health with the addition of magico-religious beliefs contributed to delayed help-seeking. Barriers to help-seeking included stigmatizing cultural perceptions. A considerable proportion of families found traditional healing more acceptable in the community. 

Conclusions: Stigma related to mental health continues to be one of the major barriers to early intervention. School counselors, teachers and even religious leaders in the community were found as effective liaisons in providing referrals to MHP. Recommendations for future studies and the way forward are discussed.
MOTIVATIONAL RESOURCES OF SPORTS FOR PEOPLE WITH AUDITORY LIMI-TATIONS
Authors: Avdeeva Anna , Emel'yanov V.
Published: April 2023

The work is devoted to the study of motivational resources of sports activity in persons with auditory limitations. The study involved 149 athletes with hearing impairment aged 18 to 45 years, of which 31% were female, engaged in sports such as judo, sambo, vol-leyball, swimming, table tennis. The survey of respondents was carried out before the Russian and Moscow championships in judo, sambo, volleyball, swimming, table tennis among persons with auditory limitations (deaf sports) in 2017–2019. Personal qualities, motives, values and social attitudes were studied. The following tools were used: the method of motivational attitudes «paths and lines», the questionnaire of coping strate-gies («Lazarus-Folkman»), the projective methods «EQF Test» and the questionnaire of motivation of sports activity developed by the authors for persons with auditory limi-tations. The results obtained make it possible to say that sports activities allow people with audio disabilities to meet the significant needs of interpersonal interaction, physical and social development. They have a correction of the motivational sphere. It is noted that the vast majority of athletes with auditory disabilities have been given the oppor-tunity by sport to communicate, become physically and psychologically stronger and forget about health problems. Almost everyone has a pronounced positive attitude to-wards life, people and there is a desire to succeed in life. Thanks to sports, people with auditory disabilities have increased social adaptability.
APPLICATION OF GAMIFICATION TOOLS IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERSONNEL RESERVE
Authors: Kashtanova YEkatyerina , Zhgutova E.
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the concept of gamification in personnel management, provides examples of the use of gamification in various processes of personnel management in the organization, defines the role of gamification in the system of personnel training and development. The characteristics of the main gamification tools that can be  used in  the process of  personnel training, in  particular in  the process of  working with the personnel reserve, are given. As an example of using gamification, the authors describe the architecture of a mobile application for training and development of the personnel reserve, which contains most of the gamification tools considered.
THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL DIGITALIZATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE WORLD AND NATIONAL LABOR MARKETS
Authors: Svistunov V. , Lobachyev V.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this article is a meaningful analysis of modern features and trends of the world and domestic labor markets in the conditions of total digitalization. The processes of active development and large­scale introduction of digital technologies today are a global trend for almost all countries of the world. At the same time, according to expert opinion, serious technological and economic development based on the processes of digitalization cannot but have a significant impact on the structural changes taking place both in the global and national labor markets. What are the current features of the changes taking place in the labor markets? What are the prospects for professional labor markets? The answers to these questions are more exciting than ever today for both business owners and HR specialists.
Therapeutic strategy in the form of communication in the children with the autism spectrum disorders - narrative review
Authors: Nowak Dominika , Próchnicka Magdalena , Siwek Michał , Giermasiński Adrian , Tuszyńska Weronika , Zarzycki Adam , Komisarczuk Mateusz
Published: April 2023

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. It is characterized by a broad range of symptoms, particularly in the areas of communication and language, which pose a therapeutic challenge for both parents and therapists.
 
This article, based on a review of available studies on PubMed, presents therapeutic methods based on functional communication strategies and ways to implement them as a form of treatment for children with the autism spectrum disorders.
 
The major goals of ASD treatment are socialization and communication skills improvement and current treatments are not based on pharmacological therapies, but on behavioral therapies. Through appropriate speech development and practical communication strategies that are based on techniques like motivating the child to create eye contact with an adult, it is possible to realize the development of proper communication. These strategies are a form of therapy and allow for the improvement of the child's communication on multiple levels and shaping the social attitudes. Incorporating suitable therapeutic communication techniques enables the development and enhancement of social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders. Children with ASD benefit from appropriate communication because it helps them communicate their needs, understand the social norms, and improve their quality of life.
GOVERNMENTAL TRUST, NEW MEDIA USE AND NIMBY FACILITY’S ACCEPTANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: JIANG TIANZI
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the increasing number of NIMBY (Not in My Back Yard) conflicts has had some negative impact on society and has also drawn the attention and research focus of scholars on the influencing factors of NIMBY acceptance. This study presents new evidence of governmental trust in NIMBY facility acceptance by introducing the moderating variable of citizens’ new media use and using OLS, Ordered Probit and Ordered Logit data analysis methods. Based on Chinese Social Survey (CSS) data from 2019, the empirical results show the following: (1) Greater governmental trust can increase citizens’ acceptance of NIMBY facilities and thus reduce NIMBY conflicts. (2) Citizens’ new media use plays a positive moderating role in the effect of governmental trust on citizens’ acceptance of NIMBY facilities, and the moderating effect is more significant in semiofficial and unofficial media. (3) The moderating effect of citizens’ new media use on the effect of governmental trust on NIMBY acceptance is more significant at the district and township government levels but not at the central government level. (4) Relative to urban residents, citizens in rural households are more receptive to NIMBY facilities. In light of the findings, policymakers should improve the public’s perception of trust in the government by expanding citizen participation and improving information disclosure and transparency. At the same time, the government should regard new media as a platform to release timely and effective information, reduce rumors, and provide some specific and supportive policies to urban citizens within the NIMBY construction.
THE APPLICATION OF PEOPLE-ORIENTED SPIRIT IN THE LANDSCAPE DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL AREA
Authors: LUO XINZHI
Published: April 2023

Under the development of the new era, people have higher requirements for the demand of living environment and quality of life. In the landscape design of modern residential areas, combined with the actual situation, respect the needs of residents, but also need to follow the principles of ecology, humanity, science and technology, environmental protection and so on for the landscape design of the environment of residential areas. This paper analyzes the people-oriented spirit of the landscape design of urban community and improve the humanized characteristics of urban district landscape design, pay attention to the residential area residents on various physical and psychological needs, to create a better adapt to the modern living conditions, improve the quality of residents' daily life, so as to better promote the development of urban modernization.
THE APPLICATION AND IMPLICATION OF BIG DATE TECHNOLOGY FOR COVID-19 PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN CHINA BASED ON THE WHOLE PROCESS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: GAO NAN
Published: April 2023

After the outbreak of COVID-19, due to the limitations of traditional epidemic prevention methods, the Chinese government actively applied big data technology to pandemic prevention and control. This article takes the whole process perspective to summarize the application of big data technology for pandemic prevention and control in the emergency prevention stage and normalized prevention stage separately. The previous studies have explored the application of big data technology mainly focused on the early monitoring and early warning of epidemic but have not yet shed light on the perspective of full process. Second, this article identifies the main shortcomings of big data technology application in pandemic prevention and control and stresses the healthy development of big data technology is inseparable from effective supervision. The application and value of big data technology have brought new enlightenment to China’s emergency management, including establishing a new big data service platform, improving “social listening”, and building resilient smart cities with a digital emergency management system.
THE PRINCIPLES AND CRITERIA FOR HUMAN RIGHTS DEROGATION IN STATES OF EMERGENCY
Authors: HAN MENGEN , XIANG XINYU
Published: April 2023

In states of emergency, some citizens' rights are restricted and derogated to safeguard the public interest and restore social order. Although human rights derogation has legitimacy and necessity, the restrictions imposed by authorities cannot be unlimited. To better safeguard human rights and avoid abuse of derogation, this paper summarizes the basic principles of rights derogation, clarifies the boundaries, conditions, and extent of rights derogation, and advocates bringing the exercise of emergency powers into the rule of law, which embodies the spirit of respecting and protecting human rights under the rule of law and promote the construction of China's emergency legal system.
FORMATION LOGIC AND PERFECTION PATH OF ADMINISTRATIVE LITIGATION PROSECUTION SYSTEM
Authors: REN LE
Published: April 2023

Administrative litigation endows citizens, legal persons, or other organizations with the right to appeal to the court for protection when their legitimate rights and interests are illegally infringed by public power. The administrative litigation prosecution system is the preface to the operation of the judicial rights relief. China’s administrative litigation prosecution system has experienced a transformation from a case-filing review system to a case-filing registration system. Meanwhile, “difficulty in prosecution” has been alleviated. However, the number of administrative litigation prosecution cases has increased sharply. Therefore, the setting and review of the prosecution threshold should be clarified by judicial relief. With the time limit for prosecution in administrative litigation as a vital procedural threshold in prosecution conditions, we should ensure the dynamic balance between the protection of litigation rights and judicial efficiency. It’s also necessary to study its functional orientation and special system of time limit for prosecution, such as the time limit for prosecution of invalid litigation. The administrative litigation prosecution system is constantly improved in theory and practice. The reform and development of the registration system should take the legislative purpose value of the prosecution system as the starting point. At the same time, attention should be paid to the protection of personal interests and the maintenance of administrative order.
RESEARCH ON THE TRANSMISSION PATH OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION—TAKING THE SHORT VIDEO OF LI ZIQI AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: YANG JUNYI
Published: April 2023

As a popular way of information dissemination, short video brings new opportunities for the spread of traditional culture. Li Ziqi's short video shows the traditional and quaint life of China people, constructs a poetic and pastoral mirror image, alleviates the public's anxiety about modernity by emotionally stimulating nostalgia, and constructs a traditional cultural community. Although the continuous development of emerging technologies and new media has brought technological advantages and development opportunities for the export of China's excellent traditional culture, it has also brought new challenges and dilemmas. Therefore, we must intensify our efforts to explore the cross-cultural communication path of China's excellent culture and enhance the international influence of China's traditional culture. Li Ziqi's short video conforms to the change of this communication context, conforms to the development trend of diversification of communication subjects, and realizes the multi-level combined communication of traditional culture. This paper chooses "Li Ziqi", a representative short video case of food, as the research object, and tries to explore the traditional cultural communication path under the background of cross-cultural communication from the content and channels.
RESEARCH THE AESTHETIC VALUE AND IMAGERY OF THE PLAY "SINGING PRAISE FOR THE LOTUS"
Authors: LIU ZINING
Published: April 2023

Shanghai Theater Academy's Chinese dance repertoire "Singing and Praising the Lotus" won the third prize in the Ninth Taoli Cup for Chinese National Folk Dance Alevel Youth Group (Women). This dance repertoire has the unique aesthetic value of Chinese folk dance, and as an excellent example of contemporary Chinese dance choreography, it is deeply loved by the audience. Taking the dance "Singing and Praising the Lotus" as an example, this article deeply analyzes the foundation for aesthetic value of dance, carrier, and dance choreography techniques, and also dissects the attributes of dance types, dance images, material selection, structure, and the influence of choreography on aesthetic foundation from multiple angles. The viewpoint of "harmony is beauty, and beauty is the embodiment of artistic value" was put forward, and the "development of Chinese-style modernization" was encouraged. We need modernization, but we need beauty more. It is hoped that it can help the research on the aesthetic value of Chinese dance.
STUDY ON COMMUNITY RESIDENTS' SATISFACTION WITH MEDICAL INSURANCE IN HARBIN AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS
Authors: ZHAO JINHAO , TAO XUZHENDA , SHAO ZHENGQI
Published: April 2023

This paper adopts a convenience sampling method to distribute questionnaires to community residents in Harbin, select samples, conduct descriptive statistics on their basic characteristics and carry out multiple regression analysis on satisfaction factors in order to study community residents' satisfaction with medical insurance in Harbin and its influencing factors. The results show that: community residents are satisfied with medical insurance, but there is still much room for improvement in community medical insurance services; satisfaction with medical insurance is influenced by the reimbursement system and medical insurance handling service factors, and to a large extent by personal characteristics such as household type, health status and marital status. This reflects that the current medical insurance services basically meet people's needs for basic living, but there is an urgent need to make targeted adjustments to further meet people's growing needs for a better life.
RESEARCH ON THE NECESSITY OF "IMMERSIVE" IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL TEACHING IN HIGHER VOCATIONAL COLLEGES
Authors: HU CHAOFEI
Published: April 2023

Ideological and political course is the key course to implement the fundamental task of moral education. The teaching effect of ideological and political course directly affects the implementation of this fundamental task. The 'immersive' ideological and political teaching mode is to implement the requirements of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the construction of ideological and political courses in the new era. It is in line with the new requirements of the reform and development of ideological and political education. It is to implement the fundamental task of moral education in ideological and political courses, improve the teaching effect of ideological and political courses in higher vocational colleges in the new era, and cultivate new people in the era of great rejuvenation of the nation. It is an effective supplement to the existing ideological and political teaching mode.
ESCCAP maps: occurrence of parasite-associated infections across Europe
Authors:   European Scientific Counsel on Companion Animal Parasites
Published: April 2023

ESCCAP (European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites) has launched an online maps service: Occurrence of parasite-associated infections.
Pressing record
Authors: Chander Tina
Published: April 2023

Tina Chander talks through the intricacies of making audio recordings in the workplace.
An awarding organisation!
Authors: Kerslake Kate
Published: April 2023

Kate Kerslake answers some questions on what an exciting new change will mean for the future of NEBDN.
Planning for positivity
Authors: O'Neill Hayley
Published: April 2023

Hayley O'Neill discusses the importance of organisation and planning.
The next step…
Authors: Lane Laura
Published: April 2023

Laura Lane tracks her career change from dental nurse assessor, to dental nursing academy owner.
The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Residents in Training in a Northern Thailand University: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Chimnuan Kamolchanok , Karawekpanyawong Nuntaporn ,   Department of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Orrapin Saranat ,   Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Kawilapat Suttipong ,   Department of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Wiriyacosol Punjaree ,   Department of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with depression in residents in training at the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with Faculty of Medicine residents in training from March to July 2020. We used the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to determine the level of depression. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate associated factors: loneliness, burnout, sleep quality, emotional quotients (EQ), and perceived social support (PSS). RESULTS About one-fifth of the residents in training exhibited depression (47 of 201), and 6.97% had indications of suicidality. Factors showing a positive correlation with depression included loneliness (aOR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.15-1.40); burnout scales of depersonalization (aOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.10-1.25), and reduced personal accomplishment (aOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.14). Factors showed a negative correlation with depression: perceived social support from significant others (aOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.98). Three subscales of EQ included motivation (aOR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68-0.99); life satisfaction (aOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70-0.97); level of peace (aOR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66-0.87). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression in residents was 23.40%. Loneliness, low social support, and burnout (depersonalization, reduced personal accomplishment) were all associated with depression. Three EQ factors (motivation, life satisfaction, and peace) appeared to have potential for reducing depression. KEYWORDS depression, resident training, loneliness, emotional intelligence, burnout
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Tinnitus Functional Index for Thai Patients
Authors:   Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Premkraisorn Vorapun , Lertsukprasert Krisna ,   Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Numthavaj Pawin ,   Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Tiravanitkul Rattinun ,   Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Jariengprasert Chanchai ,   3Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE This study aims to cross-culturally translate the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) questionnaire into Thai, and to determine the psychometric properties of Thai version (TFI-Th). METHODS TFI was translated into a Thai version (TFI-Th) using a forward - backward translation procedure. All participants completed the following questionnaires in random order: TFI-Th, Visual analog scales, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Thai Version (THI-T), and Thai Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (Thai HADS). RESULTS The content validity index (CVI) of the TFI-Th was high. The TFI-Th showed adequate convergent and divergent validity. The correlation between TFI-Th and other measurements were calculated and showed a high correlation with THI-T (r = 0.82), a moderate-to-high correlations with each items of VAS (r = 0.66-0.86), and a moderate correlation with depression (r = 0.58) and anxiety (r = 0.62) of Thai HADS. The internal consistency reliability of TFI-Th was excellent (μ = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study revealed that the cross-cultural TFI-Th had similar reliability and validity to the original TFI and suitable for the evaluation of Thai tinnitus patients. KEYWORDS tinnitus, Thai Tinnitus Functional Index, psychometric properties, reliability
Phytochemical Properties, In Vitro Antimicrobial, and Bioactive Compounds of Banana Peel Extractions Using GC-MS
Authors:   Animal Science Program, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand, Likittrakulwong Wirot , Chanburee Sanipon ,   Agro-Industrial Product Development Program, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand, Kitpot Thanapon ,   Agro-Industrial Product Development Program, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand, Ninjiaranai Padarat ,   Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand, Pongpamorn Pornkanok ,   National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDS), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, in vitro antimicrobial activity, DNA damage activity, and bioactive compound identifications in three different banana peels, namely Musa acuminata (Kluai Hom Thong; HT), Musa sapientum L. (Kluai Nam Wa; NW), and Musa balbisiana (Kluai Ta Nee; TN). The extraction was accomplished through maceration with 95% ethanol. Antioxidant capacity was determined to confirm the antioxidant and phytochemical contents. Their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) that commonly infect livestock. ANOVA analysis was used to statistically analyze the results. The amount of ethanolic extractive yield in NW peel extracts was the highest value (9.80 ± 0.12% of dry material weight). In addition, NW had the highest total phenolic content than that of other species, which may be related to its high FRAP, DPPH-antiradical, and DNA damage activity. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of NW peel extracts was more effective against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. coli with the mean inhibition zone of 13, 15 and 13 mm respectively. The bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS. Several antioxidant compounds included n-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, and squalene. While phytol and squalene were found to possess antibacterial activity. The extracts of banana peels contained 9,19-cyclolanost-25-en-3-ol, 24-methyl-, (3.beta.,24S)- which exhibited antibacterial activity against E.coli. Phytochemical characteristics, antibacterial activity, and bioactive components of NW banana peel extracts were superior to those of HT and TN. Keywords: GC-MS, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Musa acuminata, Musa sapientum L., Musa balbisiana
Study of Homocysteine, SDMA, ADMA, UMOD, AVP, and KIM-1 in serum of chronic renal disease patients suffering from Type-2 diabetes in Basra Province
Authors: Ali Hassan Muntadher , M. Jewad Abdulkareem , Salih Mohammed Mahdi
Published: April 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a reduction in renal function manifested by a GFR of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or kidney damage marker, or maybe both, last about 3 months, regardless of actual cause. Diabetes mellitus (DM) seem to be the causative factors of CKD in all high- middle-income regions, as well as in numerous low country income. Mellitus accounts for 30–50% of all CKD and affects 285 million (6.4%) individuals globally. A case-control study included 30 CKD patients with T2DM and 30 healthy subjects as a control group who visited Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital in Al-Basrah province between October 2021 and February 2022. The Age average for study population was (25-60) years. Serum levels of human AVP, ADMA, KIM-1, HCY, UMOD, and SDMA were measured by a sandwich-ELISA technique. The results revealed a highly significant increase in the levels of homocysteine, SDMA, ADMA, AVP, and KIM-1 in CKD-diabetic patients (P < 0.05) and a highly significant decrease in the level of UMOD (P<0.05) compared to control. According to the results, we conclude: Hyperhomocysteinemia occurs in chronic and end-stage kidney diseases. A potential indicator of renal health, uromodulin allows for the early identification of CKD. This tubular secretion marker may possibly represent intrinsic "kidney function" and residual nephron mass in addition to glomerular filtration. The oxidative stress markers ADMA and SDMA are both known to contribute significantly to the emergence of endothelial dysfunction. Increased kidney damage molecule-1 and arginein vasopressin levels suggest that these molecules may be involved in the etiology of declining renal function.
Urinary NDRG2 and MCM8 Gene Expression as New Noninvasive Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Differentiation between Muscle and Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: el kareem Heba M. Abd , Al-Qtaitat Aiman I. , Sawaqed Fadi S. , S. Karawya Fardous
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Noninvasive diagnosis of cancer bladder remains a challenge. The study aimed to evaluate the urinary gene expression of NDRG-2 (N-Myc downstream-regulated gene2) and MCM8 (the mini chromosome maintenance proteins) genes and their importance as novel urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer. In addition, to assess their diagnostic value in comparison with voided urine cytology is the focus of this work. Methods: the study included twenty healthy controls and fifty patients with bladder cancer. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and voided urine cytology (VUC) were performed to demonstrate the NDRG2 and MCM-8 gene expression levels in the urine of healthy controls and bladder cancer patients. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in NDRG-2 gene expression in bladder cancer group (4.38±0.66) compared to the control group (8.29±1.67). Gene expression of MCM-8 showed a statistically significant increase in bladder cancer group (5.57±0.79) in comparison to control group (4.55±1.39) with a significant negative correlation (ρ= -0.77) between NDRG-2 expression levels and tumor grade in cancer group (p<0.001), and a positive significant correlation (ρ=0.453) between MCM-8 expression levels and tumor grade in cancer group (p=0.001). NDRG-2 had the highest ability to predict bladder carcinoma (AUC of 1.0). In addition, the most precise differentiation between non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with AUC of 0.814. Conclusion: Expression of NDRG-2 and MCM-8 may be novel potential noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer and a good tool for differentiation between NMIBC and MIBC with NDRG-2 is the most precise for diagnosis and differentiation over MCM-8, VUC and combined use of NDRG-2 and MCM-8.
Introducing JOSA A retrospectives: editorial
Authors: Korotkova Olga , Testorf Markus
Published: April 2023

JOSA A Editor-in-Chief Olga Korotkova and Deputy Editor Markus Testorf introduce a new paper type: “retrospective.” They discuss the need for such articles and outline the acceptance criteria.
From spectral matrix to sideband structure: exploring stereo multimodes
Authors: Martinelli Marcelo
Published: April 2023

We recall the details involving the generation of light beams by optical cavities in order to explore the quantum properties that are revealed from the covariance matrices of the quadratures of the fields. This consideration is necessary to reveal the structure involving the sidebands of the resonant cavity modes, their reconstruction from the linearized Hamiltonian, and the fact that, for each output beam generated from an optical cavity observed under a defined electronic analysis frequency, we access a double space of modes involving the sidebands. The full measurement of those sidebands is revisited, and the distinct techniques are compared, showing their advantages, drawbacks, and perspectives.
Enhanced entanglement via magnon squeezing in a two-cavity magnomechanical system
Authors: Sohail Amjad , Ahmed Rizwan , Peng Jia-Xin , Shahzad Aamir , Singh S. K.
Published: April 2023

The present study is based on a theoretically feasible scheme for the enhancement of entanglement between different bipartitions due to magnon squeezing in a two-cavity magnomechanical system, having two microwave cavity mode photons, a magnon mode, and phonon mode. The nonlinearity in the system is well enhanced owing to magnon squeezing, which is responsible for the enhancement of different bipartitions’ entanglement. By employing the standard Langevin approach, we found that the magnon squeezing parameter not only enhances the entanglement between directly coupled modes, but also has a considerable impact on indirectly coupled modes’ entanglement. In addition, we find the negative impact of the thermal bath for the mechanical mode on the generation of photon–phonon and magnon–phonon entanglements. Furthermore, magnon squeezing has shown a significant role in the entanglement robustness against thermal effects. Moreover, the tripartite entanglement among photon, magnon, and phonon is also considerably enhanced in the presence of magnon squeezing. This two-cavity magnomechanical system might be used in quantum tasks that require the enhancement of entanglement of indirectly coupled modes.
Single SiGe quantum dot emission deterministically enhanced in a high-Q photonic crystal resonator
Authors: Poempool Thanavorn , Aberl Johannes , Clementi Marco , Spindlberger Lukas , Vukušić Lada , Galli Matteo , Gerace Dario , Fournel Frank , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Schäffler Friedrich , Brehm Moritz , Fromherz Thomas
Published: April 2023

We report the resonantly enhanced radiative emission from a single SiGe quantum dot (QD), which is deterministically embedded into a bichromatic photonic crystal resonator (PhCR) at the position of its largest modal electric field by a scalable method. By optimizing our molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth technique, we were able to reduce the amount of Ge within the whole resonator to obtain an absolute minimum of exactly one QD, accurately positioned by lithographic methods relative to the PhCR, and an otherwise flat, a few monolayer thin, Ge wetting layer (WL). With this method, record quality (Q) factors for QD-loaded PhCRs up to Q ∼ 105 are achieved. A comparison with control PhCRs on samples containing a WL but no QDs is presented, as well as a detailed analysis of the dependence of the resonator-coupled emission on temperature, excitation intensity, and emission decay after pulsed excitation. Our findings undoubtedly confirm a single QD in the center of the resonator as a potentially novel photon source in the telecom spectral range.
Estimation of Kerr angle based on weak measurement with two pointers
Authors: Luo Lan , Li Tong , Jiang Yinghang , Fang Liang , Liu Bo , Zhang Zhiyou
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose a weak measurement method using two pointers to estimate the magneto-optical Kerr angle, which is robust to ellipticity. The double pointers are the amplified displacement shift and intensity of the post-selected light beam, which are the conventional information carried by the light beam and can be directly output by a detector (such as a charge-coupled device). We demonstrate that the product of the double pointers is only related to the phase variation between two basic vectors and independent of the amplitude errors. In the measurement process, when there is an amplitude change or additional amplitude noise between two eigenstates, the product of two pointers is very useful in extracting phase information and shielding amplitude noise. In addition, the product of two pointers has a good linear relationship with the phase variation and a larger dynamic measurement range. This method is applied to measure the magneto-optical Kerr angle of NiFe film. The Kerr angle can be directly obtained using the product of the light intensity and the amplified displacement shift. This scheme is of great significance for the measurement of the Kerr angle of magnetic films.
Designing diffractive optical elements for shaping partially coherent beams by proximity correction
Authors: Dai Shenyu , Zheng Xin , Zhao Shuai
Published: April 2023

We propose a new method to design diffractive optical elements (DOE) for shaping partially coherent beams. The diffraction patterns of a DOE under a certain partially coherent beam can be modeled by the convolution of the coherent diffraction pattern and the inherent degree of coherent function. Two basic types of diffraction anomalies induced by partially coherent beams are discussed, including line-end shortening and corner rounding. A proximity correction (PC) method similar to the optical proximity correction (OPC) technique in lithography is used to compensate for these anomalies. The designed DOE exhibits good performance in partially coherent beam shaping and noise suppression.
Key to an extension or shortening of focal length in the enhancement of autofocusing ability of a circular Airyprime beam caused by a linear chirp factor
Authors: He Jian , Zang Xiang , Dan Wensong , Zhou Yimin , Wang Fei , Cai Yangjian , Zhou Guoquan
Published: April 2023

Researchers are puzzled whether the enhancement of the abruptly autofocusing ability caused by a linear chirp factor is accompanied by the shortening or the extension of the focal length. In this Letter, a circular Airyprime beam is chosen as the research object to reveal this mystery. Extension or shortening of the focal length in the enhancement of the abruptly autofocusing ability depends on the exponential decay factor a and the dimensionless radius of the primary ring. When a is small enough, there exists a critical value for the dimensionless radius. If the dimensionless radius is greater than the critical value, the focal length is shortened in the enhancement of the abruptly autofocusing ability. If the dimensionless radius is less than the critical value, the focal length is extended in the enhancement of the abruptly autofocusing ability. As a increases, the critical value for the dimensionless radius decreases until it reaches zero. The physical mechanism of extension or shortening of the focal length in the enhancement of the abruptly autofocusing ability is elucidated.
Remote vectorial vibration sensing based on locally stabilized Mach–Zehnder interferometers using multi-core fiber and optical phase-locking
Authors: Bai Yuanshuo , Xie Weilin , Liu Songhan , Meng Yinxia , Zhang Ling , Wei Wei , Dong Yi
Published: April 2023

We report on remote sensing of vectorial vibration based on locally stabilized Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) using commercial multi-core fiber (MCF). Hexa-MZIs with a shared common reference arm are constructed by a 7-core MCF to acquire remotely vectorial vibration. A set of corresponding local receivers consisting of optical phase-locked loops (OPLLs) for not only eliminating the impact of environmental perturbations but also maintaining the stable operation and relative stability among the MZIs, allows guaranteed stabilized remote sensing. It moreover ensures a linearized phase detection, and thus an improved sensing sensitivity and dynamic range. This way, by exploiting the symmetrically geometric distribution for the cores of 7-core MCF, the proposed all-fiber design can enable highly precise remote extraction of vibration in a vectorial manner with a simplified remote structure. We achieve vectorial remote sensing for vibrations with ∼0.1076° and ∼0.3603 µm precision for the angle and displacement, respectively, over 10 km.
Optical pulling force on dielectric particles via metallic slab surface plasmon excitation: a comparison between transmission and reflection schemes
Authors: Ferrari H. , Herrero V. , Cuevas M.
Published: April 2023

In this Letter, a simple structure formed by a metallic thin layer covering a high-index substrate is used to design an optical tweezer. Owing to the interaction between the field scattered by the particle with an incident plane wave and the proposed structure, a pulling or attractive component of the optical force emerges. This component results in enhancement thanks to the surface plasmons (SPs) excitation arising from the elliptical polarization of the induced dipole moment on the particle. To further exploit the versatility of the proposed approach, we analyze two basic configurations: the reflection scheme, for which the plane wave impinges from the side where the particle is placed; and the transmission scheme, for which the incidence is made from the substrate side. Our results show that the intensity of the pulling force in the reflection scheme and for finite thickness metal layer reaches values exceeding more than twice those provided by a single metallic interface. We also demonstrate that the transmission scheme is more favorable than the reflection scheme for enhancing pulling force intensities. Our contribution can be valuable for realizing simple plasmonic schemes for improving the pulling force via interactions between the nano-particle and SP fields.
Beam deflection and negative drag in a moving nonlinear medium
Authors: Hogan Ryan , Safari Akbar , Marcucci Giulia , Braverman Boris , Boyd Robert W.
Published: April 2023

Light propagating in a moving medium is subject to light drag. While
the light drag effect due to the linear refractive index is often
negligibly small, the light drag can be enhanced in materials with a
large group index. Here we show that the nonlinear refractive index
can also play a crucial role in the propagation of light in moving
media and results in a beam deflection. We perform an experiment with
a rotating ruby crystal that exhibits a very large negative group
index and a positive nonlinear refractive index. The negative group
index drags the light opposite to the motion of the medium. However,
the positive nonlinear refractive index deflects the beam along with
the motion of the medium and hinders the observation of the negative
drag effect. Hence, we show that it is necessary to measure not only
the transverse shift of the beam but also its output angle to
discriminate the light drag effect from beam deflection. Our work
provides insight into applications for all-optical control of light
trajectories, particularly for beam steering, mode sorting, and
velocimetry.
Changes in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) blood gases and electrolytes in response to multigenerational heat stress
Authors: Truong Linda , Miller Michael R. , Sainz Robert D. , King Annie J.
Published: April 2023

The average surface temperature is predicted to rise 0.5 to 6˚C by the year 2100. When Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), a source of protein for many, are subjected to heat stress, their blood acid-base equilibrium and ability to regulate electrolytes may change. This disequilibrium may influence egg-shell quality, enzyme functions, and synthesis of tissue proteins. To determine effects of multi-generation heat stress on Japanese quail, the following treatments were applied (1) control (TN, non-sibling random mating at thermoneutral temperature [22.2˚C]); (2) thermoneutral siblings (22.2˚C, TNS); (3) heat stress (HS, non-sibling random mating at 31.1˚C); and (4) heat stressed siblings (HSS, siblings of TNS with high feed conversion ratios (FCR), 31.1˚C). Body weights (BW), blood gases, and electrolytes of quail were measured during the first 4 hours (acute) and after 3 weeks (chronic) of heat exposure (31.1˚C) in generation 10. ANOVA was used to determine statistical significance at P≤0.05. Models included treatments, length of exposure, sex, and their interactions. Results showed that acute and chronic heat stress did not have a clear effect on blood electrolytes, acid-base regulation, and oxygen transport. However, acute HSS males or females were significantly different than chronic TN males in BW, PCO2, PO2, sO2, and Na+. Chronic HS males and females did not have significantly different blood electrolytes, acid-base regulation, and oxygen transport than chronic HSS males and females. Thus, selection for low FCR in heat stress at 31.1˚C did not incur a fitness advantage when considering these parameters. Sexually mature males had significantly higher levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin compared to sexually immature quail and sexually mature females. Future studies using higher temperatures (32 to 34˚C) could inform producers when to expect significant physiological changes in quail, lending to adaptions of feeding regiments according to environmental temperature and age.