bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of genetic relationships among some species belongs to genus Malus from mid Iraqi regions
Authors: AL- Anbari  Aseel K  , AL-Hadeethi Muazaz A  , Jawad. Mohammed M
Published: April 2023

RAPD-PCR method was used for systematic study and revealing the genetic relationships in Malus by using 7 apple cultivars from some mid Iraqi regions, DNA of fresh leaves was extracted using modified protocol of CTAB, 22 prechosen random decamer primers were applied to detect Malus genotypes. four primers gave reproducible and appeared polymorphism in the RAPD profile, a total 48 bands were produced out of which 36 bands were polymorphic, the results arise two main clusters, the first one included Malus sylvestris has unique amplified and discriminated from other Malus taxa, thus it can be a good molecular tool for taxa identification which separated at the similarity value of 0.48, and the second cluster contained two groups, one included M. domestica, and  M. domestica var. ralls janet which appeared as closely related species with a stronger correlation at similarity range of  0.09, furthermore, it considered that the present study identifies reservoir of alleles that useful for breeding programs in parental crosses.
Real time-PCR, ELISA, as an identification methods for Detection respiratory syncytial virus in children
Authors: Suad H. AL-Bashar  , Amin Suliman Badawy  , Belal Abdul-Rahman Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The study have been done to detecting HRSV infections among hospitalized children under 10 years old in Salahaldin Governorate, in addition to compare different diagnostic methods for detection of this virus.
Nasopharyngeal Swabs (NPS) and whole blood samples were taken from 400 hospitalized children between end of August 2013, to the end of May 2014, each sample was analyzed for HRSV by Real time –PCR, IgM and IgG specific to HRSV determining from blood specimens in serum using enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
Nasopharyngeal Swab was more sensitive than the whole blood specimens for the detection of HRSV ,which is found  in 1% by RT-PCR, in 81.9% by IgM –anti HRSV antibodies and in79.5% by IgG-HRSV antibodies. Autumn – winter periodwas considered as the most common time for HRSV infections with peak in September and February.
Synthesis and characterization of some new (1,3-Oxazepine) derivative from 6-methyl 2-thiouracil and study their biological activity
Authors: Khalid M. Mohammad  , Mohammad R. Ahmed  , Mahmoud H. Mahmoud
Published: April 2023

This research includes synthesis of new heterocyclic containing (1,3-oxazepine) derivatives of 6- methyl 2-thiouracil. The preparation process started by the reaction of 6- methyl 2-thiouracil with ethyl chloroacete to give ethyl 2-((4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl) thio) acetate (1). Compound (1) reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give 2-((4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)thio) aceto hydrazide (2). That reacted with various substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid as catalyst in absolute ethanol to obtain new Schiff bases derivatives (3-11). The new 1,3-oxazepine derivatives [12-38] were obtained from treatment of each new Schiff bases derivatives (3-11) with each (phthalic anhydride ,maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride) respectively. Newly synthesized compounds were identified via spectral methods; their [FT-IR and some of them by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR] and measurements of some of its physical properties. Furthermore some of the new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four strains of bacteria –ve (Escherichia coli and klibsialla) and +ve (Bacillus and Staphylococcus aureus). Most of the tested compounds show significant antibacterial activity.
Synthesis and Characterization Complexes of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II) and Palladium with [N'-{2-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)-propionyl} pyridine-4-carbohydrazide]
Authors: Modher Y. Mohammed  , Ayad S. Hameed  , Adnan A. Hamada
Published: April 2023

This research concern with the metal complexes of the ligand [N'-{2-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)-propionyl}pyridine-4-carbohydrazide]  with Co(II), Ni(II) , Cu(II) and Pd(II) have been synthesized and characterized by atomic absorption , infrared, electronic spectra, molar conductivity and magnetic moment measurements. On the basis of the data obtained from the above measurements, the ligand act as a neutral bidentate and the octahedral structures are proposed for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) while the square planer structures are assigned to Pd(II) complexes.
The Effect Of Focus Error And Spherical Aberration On Sharp Edge Image Intensity
Authors: Safaa Mustafa Hameed
Published: April 2023

This research has been carried out to determine the distribution of the intensity in the image of object with a Sharp-Edge using coherent illumination. In this research, a special formulas have been derived called the Edge spreads Function (ESF) .This formula is very useful for theoretical and practical studies since it is applicable to system with any kind and amount of aberrations that are present in the optical systems by using pupil function technique.
Also optimum balance values for each kind of aberration were determined, these values have been used in programs prepared specially for calculating (ESF) using quick basic programming language with Simpson method for numerical integrals in order to calculate the intensity of different quantities of aberrations such as focus error and spherical aberration (first, Third, fifth – orders) . As well as the effect of Apodization upon the image of sharp Edge object resulting from an optical system operating with a small circular aperture.
The main aim of this research is testing the Optical Systems which use Coherent light and make decision of this Systems validity range. we found that using the exit pupil technique is useful to calculate the complex intensity also the analysis capability when using coherent light is better than the incoherent light and the relation between the focus error and the quantity of aberration.
On Semi- regular T1 and Semi- regular T2 in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Topological Spaces
Authors: Fatimah M. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this paper is to give the new definitions of semi-regular T1 and semi-regular T2 separation axioms in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. Study the basic properties, characterizations and relationships of these new concepts in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces.
Controllability of solutions for semilinear fractional integrodifferential equations in Banach spaces
Authors: Fawzi Mutter Ismaael
Published: April 2023

The study aims to prove the controllability of mild solution for semilinar fractional integerodifferential equations with nonlocal conditions in banach spaces.
Fractional calculus, compact semigroups and fixed point theorem, are concepts consulted to obtain results this work.
An Electronic System for Summer Training Students Distribution in Organizations with Comparative Study of Association Rule Algorithms
Authors: Anhar Khairualdeen Mohammed  , Suhair Abid Dawood
Published: April 2023

The training of students is considered as one of the most promising forms of training to inform students with the reality of practical environment and what they require from serious and exact work. It may give the chance to other public sector organizations to be acquainted with the students' abilities and skills, in addition to the benefits of informing youths to join summer vocation. In order to solve the problem of students distribution to organizations and guarantee the equivalency between students desires and the capacity of governmental and privates offices, some algorithms were used to mine up data to uncover essential hidden relationships with huge data, & Distributed Database has been designed for summer training . The data mining were also used to set reports that may refer to the delicate number of students required for training according to the specializations in the four departments of the College of Administration and Economics (application environments) with the number of nominee students for training in these  departments using (oracle 11g.).
Braille Identification System Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Mohammed Waleed
Published: April 2023

The Braille system is a widely used method by the blind to read and write. Information technology revolution is changing the way Braille reading and writing, making it easier to use. All kinds of materials can be put into Braille representation, such as bank statements, bus ticket, maps, and music note.
In this paper, an artificial neural networks are designed to identify the number's image from (0-9) in Braille representation system. Networks will be trained and tested to be used for identify the scanned English number in Braille representation system. Some of the numbers are noised with some type of noise to simulate somehow the real world environment.
According to the experiment the result of the identification of number that written in Braille representation using Artificial Neural Networks the training accuracy was 97.1% and testing accuracy was 85%.
Detection of Structural Control on Formation Water Quality, in Hemrin Oilfield, northern Iraq, Using Lineament Analysis and Hydrochemical Data
Authors: Faraj Ahmed Al-Sulaiman  , Sameer Shaker Abbas Al Fahdawi  , Sabbar Abdullah Saleh Al Qaisy
Published: April 2023

Formation water analyses of Tertiary reservoir (Euphrates, Jeribe, and Dhiban formations) in Hemrin oilfield reflect high salinity variation between Albufudhul, Nukhaila, and Allas domes. The present study suggests that this variation resulted by two reasons, (1) percolation of surface waters (rain water) which lead to devastation of oil type, (2) interaction between water and host rocks. Satellite image and DEM were used to detect the lineaments and morphometric analyses, which interpret the structural control on salinity variation. The main direction of lineaments are NE-SW, which prevailing with subsurface vertical faults between Albufudhul and Nukhaila domes that playing with SE limb of  Albufudhul dome as conduits for percolation of surface water (rainwater), that lead to dilute the salinity and change the formation water properties from Albufudhul to Nukhaila domes, while the present of vertical fault between Nukhaila and Allas dome considered as semi impermeable according to geometry of domes, so Allas dome considered as semi closed system in comparison with Albufudhul and Nukhaila domes, that lead to increase in salinity and change of formation water properties. Formation water is classified as salinity variety water from medium salinity (TDS of 7430 mg/l), to brine, (TDS of 59118 mg/l), of mixed origin from meteoric water and connate water, of variety of pH value (6.75-8.89) from weak acidic to alkaline. Its type is Na-SO4-chloride and anions are ordered as rCl > SO4 > HCO3, whereas cations ordered as rNa > Ca > Mg. This type of water is associated with open system reservoir, influenced by percolation of surface water and consider as bad zone for preservation of hydrocarbon accumulations especially in Albufudhul and north east limb of Nukhaila domes, while Allas dome considered as closed system reservoir, which is a good zone for preservation of hydrocarbon accumulations.
Histomorphological structure of the RBCs and WBCs count of the blood picture in diabetic patients for both sexes
Authors: Ayad H. Ibraheem  , Khulood N. Rasheed
Published: April 2023

Research have been done on patients with diabetes (both types I and II) of the reviewers of medical clinics in the provinces of Erbil and Kirkuk, which included (31) patients of both sexes (16 male, 15 female) aged (20-70 years) to study histomorphological structure of the red blood corpuscle (RBCs) and blood count of the white blood cell (WBCs) count, It was also examined the blood picture of healthy individuals from both sexes for comparison. The results showed the presence of histopathological changes in the red blood corpuscles, like hypochromic with anisopoikilocytosis (different shape and size corpuscles), normochromic crescent shape, hypochromic microcytic cells, mild hypochromic cells anisocytosis and others. The rise significantly in the average number of white blood cells, especially neutrophils and monocytes was detected, significant differences did not appear in the lymphocytes, eosinophil and basophils compared to the number of all kinds of white blood cells in healthy individuals (the control group
Effect of silver nanoparticles prepared by Streptomyces. spp on some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Hussain A. Abod  , Kalil I. Bander  , Salah S. Zain-Al-Abddeen
Published: April 2023

Tow species of Streptomyces isolated from the industrial district area in the Kirkuk city and two species represented Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces parvulus. were used to detected their ability to prepare silver nanoparticles. The results showed change in color silver nitrate solution 1mM to dark brown, Studied the spectrum of absorption of UV, visible spectroscopy of the solution silver particles nano second step in making sure the formation of particles and found to be located on the wavelength of 400 nm to bacteria Streptomyces parvulus also show that the X-ray diffraction peaks were at (311-200-111) and at the angle (31.73 and 48.70 and 58.30). .Additinary the results showed clear images in the scanning electron microscope size and shape .the bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus was a wavelength of 280 nm .etbin that silver nano particles solution with inhibitory effect on the two types of multi-antibiotic resistance antibiotics bacteria E.coli and P. mirabilis, which amounted to (27,27,29) mm against the bacteria Escherichia coli at a concentration of 100% were (30,30,29) mm when the concentration 100% against Proteus mirabilis
Stady of Effect of Klebsiella pneumonia K- a ntigen as a immune catalyzer for laboratory rabbits infected with Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Osama N. Negres  , Ohood M Shakir
Published: April 2023

Conducted this study for the duration  from the December 2013 until November 2014. and our study have included  extrated capsular  polysaccharide (K-Antigen) from  Klepsiella pneumoniae and study  chireffection the immune response in Neusland albino rabbits(male) infected whith Entamoeba histolytica that cause  amoebic dysentery disease depending on several criteria, including study the changes in variables cytokineetics  concentration levels that response on phagocytosis and antigen presenting proscess like INF-Y, IL-10 and IL-12  and phagocytosis coefficienit, and B T cells PMNs and lymphocytes cell life span, the  T and B rossite formation test  the miotic index factor for bone marrow cell Arthus reaction, dilayed hypersensitivity, measure the humoral immune response that responsting by immunoglobulins  like IgG, IgM using ELISA Technic.
And The current study accessed to elevated all immuniyy indicator after immunization with (k) antigen and also continue in elavation after the infection with parasite,and we indicated from this study the possibility to use the capsular polysacchride (k antigen) that extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae as immunological modificicatory that can stimulate both innate (natural)and acquiredimmunity agnest amoebic dysentery infection in white rabbite.
Study of Leptin hormone concentration and other Immunological Parameters in Some People with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Kirkuk city
Authors: Marwa A. Kader  , Wedad  Mahmood L. Alobaidi
Published: April 2023

This research was designed for study the effect of rheumatoid arthritis diseases  on Leptin hormone and some immunological parameters (Interleukins), This study involve 58 blood sample from 48 individual with rheumatoid arthritis compared with 10 healthy individual having no any health problems considered them as control group .
The estimation of secretes cytokines by leukocytes The  interleukins (IL-1 α and IL- 6 ) was done using  Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and the result of this study showed significant increase at significancy level (P<o.o5 ) in concentration of Immunological Interleukins (IL-1 α and IL- 6) in rheumatoid arthritis patients group in comparism with  control group .
Also the results revealed significant increase significancy level (P<o.o5) of Leptin hormone concentration in rheumatoid arthritis patients group in comparism with  control group .
Synthesis and characterization of novel Mannich's bases incorporated with Ibuprofen an Biginelli Derivatives
Authors: Layth W. Abdullah  , Hanaa K.Saleh  , Mustafa R. Aeyyd
Published: April 2023

In this work, a series of novel Mannich's bases incorporated with Ibuprofen core and Biginelli derivatives have been reported. The synthesis process was dependent on linking Ibuprofen hydrazone with Isatin to Biginelli derivatives via methylene group of formaldehyde. The new compounds have been characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and the physical properties.
Phytochmical constituents and nutrient evaluation of Zingiber officinale
Authors: Al-hadad M.A  , Al-Samarrai, R.R  , Ahumaih, M.J
Published: April 2023

Zingiber officinale has been analyzed for the main phytochemical composition, nutrient and mineral composition.The phytochemical screening of chemical constituents of the plant showed that ginger contains sterols , flavonoids, glycosides amino acids , carbohydrates , taninat terpenoids ,saponins.
The quantitative contents of flavonoids, sterols, phenolic compounds, and tannin were (45.3 ± 1.527, 18.033±0.233, 7.241 ± 1.076, 4.21 ±1.042) mg / 100 g respectively while the moisture contents of paln ginger (9 ± 1.41%), and (90± 1.41%) for the total solids. Values crude fiber and ash were estimated and found to be  (0.66 ± 0.2%), and (13.5%) were. Crude fat content of ginger was(4.2±0.2%) and (14.69 g / 100gm) protein and (92±2.12 mg/100gm) for carbohydrates , the energy value was (459.56) Kcal.100g-1 .The predominant  minerals were potassium10245µg.g-1, followed by sodium385 µg.g-1, calcium351 µg.g-1, iron122 µg.g-1, zinc45.9 µg.g-1, manganese6.24 µg.g-1, selenium 0.189 µg.g-1, copper 0.12 µg.g-1, coblt 0.05 µg.g-1, cadmium 0.002 µg.g-1 add ginger to contain vitamins such as A, E and concentrations in the order (29.70) mg.cm -3, (83.66) mg.cm-3. and (35.75)mg.100cm-3 from vit .
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cefixime by Oxidative Coupling Reaction with 4-Aminophenol in the Presence of Potassium periodate
Authors: Ali Ibraheem Khaleel  , Heba Ibrahim Abdulla
Published: April 2023

This work involves  a new simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of Cefixem. The method based on the oxidative coupling reaction between Cefixime and 4-Aminophenol using Potassium periodate as oxidizing agent to form a violet color water soluble product that has a maximum absorption at 537 nm. The optimum conditions were:, pH 6.5, temperature between 25-30 oC. Beer’s law is obeyed in a concentration range of 4 to 30 µg / ml with a molar absorptivity of 6749.75 L.mol-1. cm-1. The relative error was  0.729 to - 0.752 % and a relative standard deviation of 0.556 to  0.861% ,DL= 0.136 µg / ml. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of Cefixime in SAMAXIME Capsules with recovery of not less than 98.1%.
A study Of Some Geotechnical Properties of Quaternary Deposits in AL_Mahzam Area Salahadden and its Suitability For Concrete Using
Authors: Mohannad Issa khuder
Published: April 2023

The aim of this research is to studying some geotechnical properties of Quaternary deposits in AL-Mahzam area /Salahaddin governorate and evaluate  suitability of coarse soil for concrete samples have been collected from two stations using channel sampling and according to grain size analyses the type of soil is (GW-GP) according to unified soil classification and the values of specific gravity and absorption ratio ranges (2.61-6-08) (0.42-0.67)% respectively the chemical analysis for gypsum content , total dissolved salts, organic matters content and pH are (1.02-6.08) % (0.52- 11.03)% (0.52-0.81)% and (7.82-7.91)% respectively durability geotechnical test (loss Angeles) ranges between (14.4-15.1)% as a maximum limit allowed for the loss of weight for the cement concrete work (35%) depending on the American Standard [8] From these results we note that the study area models suitable for use in concrete works
STUDYING AND CALCULATION OF THE POTENTIAL ENERGY FOR TWO OF MOLECULES [TRIMETHYL GALLIUM AND TRIETHYL GALLIUM,] BY SEMI EMPIRICAL PROGRAMS
Authors: Abdul Rahman Rashid Hammood  , Abdul Hakim shakkoor Mohammed  , Nadim Khalid Hassan
Published: April 2023

In this research, the potential energy and vibration frequencies for two of an non-liner molecules [ (C3H9Ga) and (C6H15Ga)] have been studied and calculated by using the semi-empirical theoretical programs in method (MNDO/PM3) where the geometric space shape of two molecules has been calculated by using initial and final matrices that include bonds length, the angle between bonds, dihedral angles and the charge of each atom in the two molecules, which have been drawing a curved of potential energy per molecule where the drawing was adopted to change the length of the bond (Ga-C) in the each molecule compared to what is obtained from the values ​​of energy and it was total energy calculate  for each molecule at equilibrium distance was (-553.044 eV) at equilibrium distance (1.8327 ) and (-1003.53726 eV) at equilibrium distance (1.8344 ) for the two molecules, respectively, and from the carve of the potential energy  was the spectroscopy dissociation energy per molecule account it was equal to (4.508 eV) and (4.70991 eV) respectively .
Effect of temperature and pH on growth and sporulation of both Local isolates of biological control fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Ayman W. Khaled  , Safaa Z.Baker  , Hadi M.i Abboud
Published: April 2023

A laboratory study was conducted by using two local isolates of biological control fungi M. anisopliae and B.bassiana that isolated from the soil of citrus orchards that infested with Mediterranean fruit fly Capitata ceratiris  in Baghdad to know  the effect  of four different temperatures included 15, 20, 25 and 30 ° C and four levels of  the pH, including 5, 6, 7 and 8 on  the growth and sporulation of  two local isolates on liquid medium. Results showed that the highest growth of the fungus M. anisopliae was at  20° C, average dry weight was1.19 gm and best sporulation of the fungus at 25°C ,it was 10.3×104 spore/g, while was higher growth and sporulation for B. bassiana at 20 °C , they were 1.11 gm and 2.7 × 104 spore / g, respectively, the results showed that the highest dry weight for M. anisopliae and B.bassiana was at /pH 7,they were 5.9 and 3.38 gm respectively, and the best sporulation for them when the pH5  ,they were 3.9×104 and 3.8×104 spore /g respectively, the isolated fungus B. bassiana surpass in the production of both chitinase and proteinase enzymes depending on decomposition aureole diameter, they were 15.76 and 11.37 cm, respectively, compared to M.anisopliae which amounted 14.17 and 4.36 cm respectively.
Histological study of different oviduct parts of Gallus domesticus
Authors: Ayad Hameed Ebrahim  , Shurooq Hameed Majeed  , Israa Hashim Ali
Published: April 2023

This study included the histological structure of the oviduct of white chicken, The wall of this duct consisted of four layers, the mucosa made up from pseudostratified columnar epithelium, the epithelium is continuous layer of columnar cells with alternating basal cells which stand on the loose connective tissue form the lamina propria, the mucosa forms leaf shaped longitudinal folds contained glands which lined with cuboidal cells , the second layer was the submucosa which was loose connective tissue, The muscularis was the third layer contained smooth muscle with an inner circular and outer longitudinal layers. loose connective tissue formed the serosa
isolates multi resistant to antibiotics and observed by Scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Payman A. Kareem  , Essra Gh. Alsammak
Published: April 2023

One hundred fifty six samples collected included: inflammation of the urinary tract, swabs wounds and pus from patients coming to Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Rozhawa Hospital in Erbil city from March to September 2013, scrubbed and confirmed the diagnosis (42) strain which belongs to staphylococcus aureus and by (26.9%) based on cultural characteristics, microscopically features and biochemical tests in addition to the API Staph. These strains sensitivity to 12 types of antibiotics. It gave the species a high resistance against the Ampicillin (AM / 10μg) by 88% and resistant to Amoxicillin (AX / 25μg)by (81%) were less resistant to Nitrofurantoin (NF / 300μg), Ciprofloxacin (CIP / 5μg), Gentamicin (GM / 10μg ) by (31,26,21.4%) respectively Ten isolates were selected according to their pattern of the highest resistance as these showing multi-drug resistances and tested to specify their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the antibiotics and two types of Nanoparticles include Silver in different sizes (20, 90)nm and Zinc Oxide in different sizes (20, 30, 50~150)nm. The results showed that the MIC for Ag 20 nm was between (650-2600) μg/ml while Ag90nm was between (325 -2600) μg/ml and the MIC for ZnO20nm between (325-2600) μg/ml and MIC of ZnO 30, 50 ~ 150nm between (162.5-2600) μg/ml.  Synergism effect between the antibiotics and the Nanoparticles when they integrate increased their effect of Staphylococcus aureus. Morphological changes of bacteria found using light and scanning electron microscope (SEM) when treating with Nanoparticles. While there a pressure on the bacterial cell surface with losing of bacterial compound.
Histological changes study of the White rat heart muscle treated with Uranyl acetate
Authors: Kawkab S.Najim  , Hussain I. Hussain
Published: April 2023

The present investigation aimed to study the histological changes of heart muscle treated with Uranyl acetate for one & two months. The results showed that there was histological changes in the heart muscles , these changes were more sever in animal group treated for two months. Since severe fibrosis was seen with congestion of blood vessel as wear of an increment of fatty degeneration compared with group one which was treated for one month and characterized with the presence of normal not effected region .
The present study we may concluded that, Uranyl acetate induced severe negative changes on heart muscles which may lead to effect on its function .
A Comparative Study of the effect of aqueous extract of Vitex agnus-castus plant on male and female’s liver’s enzymes of mice exposed to oxidative stress
Authors: Muneef  Saab- Ahmed Al-Janabi  , Usmat Jamal Jamel  , Zeyad Tariq Ahmed Al-Duri
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine the Protective effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus plant both doses, Normal active does(50mg/kg) and double (100mg/kg) in the liver enzymes and comported the deferent effect of it between the male and female’s of Mice, that exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) with drinking water for (30) days, there were distributed into 10 groups which are (control group, H2O2 group, active dose of aqueous extracts of Vitex group,  active dose of aqueous extracts of Vitex + H2O2, active dose of aqueous extracts of Vitex + H2O2 + vitamin E, active dose of aqueous extracts of Vitex+ vitamin E, double dose of aqueous extracts of Vitex, double dose of aqueous extracts of Vitex+H2O2, double dose of aqueous extracts of Vitex+H2O2+vitamin E, vitamin E + H2O2 .
The results showed that hydrogen peroxide led to a significant increase (p≤0.01) in ALT, AST and ALP levels, compared with the control group, and no significant effect were showed in the hydrogen peroxide between both male and female’s, The treating with aqueous extracts of the Vitex plant (50 &100 mg/kg) with H2O2 led to a significant decrease in ALT, AST and ALP levels in compare with infected control group , The treatment with Vitamin E and H2O2 led to a significant decrease in ALT, AST and ALP levels in compare with infected control group , It was concluded from the current study, the important role of aqueous extracts of the Vitex and vitamin E as an antioxidant through its important role in curbing the harmful effects of certain types of free radicals within the body and thus repair the damage done in changes of the mices liver enzyme over exposure to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2. (
Study the obesity effect on liver and kidney tissues of female rats followed by treatment these effects by using aqueous extract of grape leaves
Authors: Rashid Khamees Shaaban  , Aziz Khalid Hameed
Published: April 2023

The present study was designed to identify the effect of obesity for induction histological lesions to liver and kidneys in female rats Rattus norvegicus. and treated with herbal therapy (aqueous extract of grape leaves) The present study used 16 female rats which distributed randomly into four groups (each group containing four female) the first group was control group administrated only normal diet and water, the second group was fed a high fat diet for three months without treatment, the third and fourth groups fed a high fat diet for three months and treated with aqueous extract of grape leaves100 and 200 mg / kg of body weight respectively for one month. The results showed that the effect of a high fat diet on the liver included primary seclerosing bile ducts, infiltration of lymphocytes and congestion of blood in the blood vessel with the absence of cellular arrangement of liver tissue, while the kidney tissue show desquamation epithelial lining cells in some tubules with damage of some renal glomeruli.  When the aqueous extract of grape leaves used, most tissues in the liver and kidneys back and appear semi-normal state.
Relationship between Parathyroid hormone and some electrolytes in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Firas T. Maher  , Hammed M. Majed  , Omar mubarak Mohammed
Published: April 2023

parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the main regulator for homeostasis some electrolytes and blood albumin, although the roles of vitamin D3 in the homeostasis of calcium in the bone are well known, However, recent data indicate the existence of the role of vitamin D3 in the Non-bony tissue is through its effect on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The vitamin D3 receptor and enzyme 1α-Hydroxylase necessary for the transformation of 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 and the latter has been disclosed in several tissues, So the 25(OH)D3 may convert  into an effective biological status of Paracrine effects and impact on the levels of vitamin D3 in the serum .
The aim of the present study :

evaluate the strength of the link between the PTH levels and some electrolytes in the blood serum of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD).
evaluate the strength of the link between the vitamin D3 levels and some electrolytes in the blood serum of patients with ESRD.
Identify the natural values of this system, and the changes occurring because of ESRD disease.

Collect samples from venous blood of disease ESRD under Hemodialysis (HD) 106 (60 males, 46 female) patients, and reviewers to the Ibn Sina Centre for dialysis / Baquba teaching Hospital, compared with 48 (32 males 16 females ) blood samples of healthy, with a record age, weight, sex, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
Underwent venous blood samples centrifuge speeds of 4000 r / min for 10 minutes, the serum was separated to perform the following analyzes :-
Measure the level of calcium, phosphate, PTH hormone and vitamin D3 .
The results of the current study:
Increase in the levels of PTH in patients ESRD compared with healthy .
Is not affected the levels of vitamin D3 in the blood serum of patients ESRD significant compared to healthy.
Decrease the levels of calcium in patiets ESRD compared with healthy.
Increase in the levels of phosphate patients ESRD compared to the healthy.
Moreover, study results indicated :
A positive correlation between PTH and phosphate in patients ESRD.
A negative correlation between PTH and calcium, vitamin D3 in patients ESRD.
A positive correlation between vitamin D3 and calcium, phosphate, in patients ESRD
Phytochemical Constituents and Nutrient Evaluation of Origanum vulgare
Authors: Abd, Q. M.  , Al-Samarrai A.H.  , Al-Samarrai R.R
Published: April 2023

The chemical compositions, nutrients and mineral compositions of Origanum  vulgare  have been analyzed . The results indicated that the inatial contents by using different solvent contens were flavonoids, glycoside ,sterols, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins and saponins . The quantitative contents of glycoside , Flavonids, sterols, tannin, phenlic compounds, saponin and alkaloids were [(14.66±245.7  mg / 100gm), (197.71±11.89mg/100gm), (109.09±5.41mg/100gm), (35±2.12mg/100gm), (34.3 2.45 ± mg/100gm) .66 ،± 0.062 %) and (0.1 ± 1.3 % )] respectively . while the moisture content was 5.63±0.082 % and 94.83±0.82 for the total solids.while the crude fiber was 16.56± 0.48 % , ash 6.7 ± 0.017 % and crud fat was 7.78 % .
The Crude protein contents of Origanum vulgare were 8500 mg/100g and 21.78 mg/100g for carbohydrates, The energy value was191.14 Kcal/100g. The predominant minerals were calicium75.94  mg/gm, fllowed by Magnesium36.63  mg/gm ,Iron 1.88  mg/gm and Mnganese 0.466  mg/gm then  Zinc 0.416 mg/gm, comparable amounets of copper 0.233  mg/gm and  lead , selenium , cadimium (0.0132, 0.0054, 0.0023) mg/gm respectively. From these results it be can concluded that the Origanum vulgare was a rich source of antioxidants, energy, and important minerals , so it is suitabile as a regular compenent in humen diet.
Spectrophotometric Determination for Metronidazole drug in pharmaceutical form (tablet) by Multi-wavelengths method
Authors: Mumin Fareed Hamad Al-Samarrai
Published: April 2023

The research includes, spectrophotometric determination for Metronidazole drug (MND) in pharmaceutical form (tablet), using multi-wavelengths technique, the results obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration ranges of between (0.5-25 µg.ml-1), recovery percentage Rec% (99.99- 100.05), RSD% (0.0011-0.0019), and detection limit (0.2042-2.9772 µg.ml-1) This method been successfully applied to the determination of MND in pharmaceutical form tablet. The results also showed there is no interference from additives.
Useing of Remote SensingTtechnologies in Assessing Degradation of Soil and Vegetation Cover West Fold Makhoul
Authors: Ammar S. Esmael  , Abdulla A. Rasheed  , J.K. Shalla
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to assess the state of deterioration (Degradation Status) to different sites of the soil, depending on the possibility of the use of remote sensing as one of modern technologies, and effective monitoring and control of the changes that you get the natural resources of soil degradation and vegetation operations as well as the risk of wind erosion study was conducted in the province Salah al-Din in an area between the city of Baiji, Sharqat south and the north, which represents the western flank of the fold Makhoul total area amounted to 402.20 km2. And was able to study with the help of technologies for remote sensing of determining the status and degree of deterioration of the soils study, which varied between moderate deterioration region, and severe deterioration, very severe degradation. The study confirmed that there is a decline in soils degraded area deteriorated moderate and actress soils untapped cultivation of grain crops increased by 33.64% of the study area space while soils degraded area recorded a severely degraded and actress soils affected by salts untapped increase of 24.55% of the area of ​​the region, while the soils degraded area deteriorated very strong and actress soils affected by salts untapped fragile dunes was registered an increase of about 9.08% of the study area, depending on the area of ​​the space visuals captured for the years 1976 and 2014 .
Study the electrical properties of ZnOSiO2 detector prepared by free rappid thermal oxidation
Authors: Abdul Majeed E. Ibrahim  , Raid A.Isma'l  , Wlla M. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Zinc thin films deposited on (n-type)silicon at 510o C with oxidation times (10,20,30,35) sec have been oxidized. Zinc have been deposited by thermal diffusion method using heater instead of conventional furnace .It is found that we can get zinc oxide with outoxegen and closed farneces rapidly. The electrical properties in dark show that the detector is shottky diode, and the best time to obtain the detector is 35 sec, and the ideality factor is 3.3 with a work function of 0.58 ev. It is found that the resalts at light power (50,100,150,200,250) mw/cm2.Show that the detector oxidiced in 35 sec have detectivity factor 540.8 and have a high responsivity which enable the detector to detect the IR signals.
Fertility in Iraq Measuring determinants
Authors: Asmaa' Salah Qadoori  , Ahmed  K. Ghannam
Published: April 2023

In this modest research, we try to clarify the concept of fertility and the detection of the most important determinants and standards in Iraq.
In Iraq, the total fertility rate in Iraq clearly  decrease in the last two decade, reach (4.3) births per woman in 2006, but is still high in comparison with the world, more than about (65%) of the global rate of (2.7) births. The overall fertility rate of developing States and medium human development has been reduced to (2.9) births and (2.5) births, respectively. There are many standards of fertility, crude birth rate ,the total fertility rate, age-specific  fertility rate,  Gross Reproduction rate and the Net Reproduction rate and others.
there are many demographic factors , social and economic impact on the levels of fertility, there for many of researchers try to clarify the relationship between the fertility and these factors and the impact of each on it. the most important of those factors for those relating to the advancement of women in the first place and then the husband and the family and the surroundings of the family. One of the characteristics of women from the demographic aspect of old age at first marriage and the use of family planning methods and other .either social factors include the marital status of the educational level of both husband and wife and health situation. The economic factors related to work of women outside the home, the level of family income and consumer aspirations of the family.
The physiological effect of breast cancer on activity of aromatase enzyme and some concentrations of hormones and biochemical in the women in Baghdad city
Authors: Wahbi Abdulqader Salman  , Nadia Mohamed Najeeb  , Jawad abdulkadum Hassan
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of women breast cancer on some hormones (Estrogen, Testosterone, prolactin) and biochemical parameters (Glucose, Cholesterol, Aromatase). The study is done in Medical City Teaching Hospital in Baghdad to show the effect of age, body weight and type of feeding for women with breast cancer and compared with healthy women. Their age ranged between (24-70) years for both groups. The results showing high significant effects of all parameters study in cancer disease women compared with healthy. All Study parameters increased with the advance of age and with the increased in body mass index. The breast cancer was spread in women artificial infant feeding compared with natural feeding .The conclusion suggested that the increase in estrogen, testosterone, prolactin, aromatase, cholesterol and glucose when the women have breast cancer.
Epidemiology of infection with lung worms in sheep in Tikrit city, Salah Al Deen province
Authors: Abed Fayadh Ali Alageely  , Tawfiq Ibrahim Al-Alusi
Published: April 2023

1.The study area spend Tikrit in Salah Aden province, and followed him from the aspects and villages and tubing such as Al-Alam district , Hawi Albu-Ajeel, Al-Naama areas, a series Hamrin mountains east of the Tigris River, stretching from north to south and Al Awja district, Aouinat,  Mahzm, Al-Hamra and al-Jazeera to Lake Tharthar west of the Tigris River.

were collected 1298 fecal sample from sheep and goats, of which 734 samples of sheep and 564 samples of the goats as "the beginning of the month of January until the end of the first December for the year (2014), have been examined and these samples to look for larvae of the lung worms in sheep of five races are Dictyocaulus, Muellerius, Protostrongylus, Cystocaulus and Neostrongylus test result showed the following:

A.The effect of infection for the seasons of the year. The highest proportion of infection in the early winter (December first) while the lowest rate of infection in the mid-summer (July).

Ratio of infection for genus lung worms. The rate of infection genus Dictyocaulus 21.5%, the highest rate while the rate of infection genus Neostrongylus 2.1%, representing the lowest percentage of infection among the five races the rest of the races where concatenated infection rates downward Muellerius 13.6% and then Protostrongylus 10.9 % then Cystocaulus .
Ratio of infection single and mixed. Single scored infection rate of 13.79% and mixed infection rate of 15.48% during the year (2014).
Show that the proportion of infection to the search area along the Tigris River is higher than the rest of the other search areas due to contamination of pasture and increase the availability of moisture and Alamadaiv moderation in all seasons of the year.
Determination the effects of grey water irrigation in chlorophylls a, b pigments concentrations and some primary products in Vicia faba and Citrullus lanatus and some soil properties
Authors: Rushdi Sabah Abdulqader  , Ali Esam Memduhe
Published: April 2023

Determination the effects of grey water(kitchen sewage-treatment 1)  irrigation on chlorophylls a, b and total chlorophylls pigments and some primary products(starch and total proteins) concentrations in Vicia faba and Citrullus lanatus and some soil properties compared with tap water(control) and with tap water contain phosphate fertilizations(treatment 2) was the aim of the study. Grey water was light acidity(pH=5.7) and its electrical conductivity high respectively 0.42ms/cm because its contents of total dissolved solids 2.02ppm and total suspended solids 1.4ppm and 1.45ppm organic material content  with high BOD values respectively 18ppm and higher COD values 22.5ppm, phosphate ions values were higher 16.8ppm than nitrate ions concentrations 0.126ppm and anions concentrations(sulphate 2.4ppm and chloride 0.145ppm). Grey water irrigation effected in total chlorophyll pigments concentrations positively in Vicia faba recoded 0.386mg/g and less than in Citrullus lanatus recorded 0.241mg/g compared with tap water irrigation values(0.303mg/g in Vicia faba and 0.712mg/g in Citrullus lanatus) and tap water contain phosphate fertilizations values(0.224 mg/g in Vicia faba and 1.037mg/g in Citrullus lanatus). Starch values did not effected by grey water irrigation because the values recorded in Vicia faba 150µg/g and Citrullus lanatus 166µg/g were the lower values but higher values 230µg/g in Vicia faba and 300µg/g in Citrullus lanatus recorded were irrigating by tap water and less than in plants irrigated with tap water contain phosphate fertilizations(200µg/g in Vicia faba and 166µg/g in Citrullus lanatus). Proteins values showed different affect with types of water used in irrigation when recorded 32.5µg/g such as higher value in Vicia faba irrigated by grey water and 8.5µg/g in Citrullus lanatus such as lower values irrigated by tap water contain phosphate fertilizations. Grey water irrigation increased electrical conductivity and organic materials contents and less effected in phosphate concentrations and had not effected in nitrate, sulphate and chloride concentrations in soil. Grey water effected in soil natural floral when Streptococcal fecalic and Escherichia coli recorded in soils irrigated with it and tap water added Enterobacter to soils irrigated with it therefore we can use grey water as sources of water without expensive treatment.
The study of microbial contaminants and some physical and chemical characteristics of the bottled water circulating in Samarra city and comparing with ordinary water
Authors: Abdul_Hamid. M. hamoudi  , Afrah. T Khalaf  , Jwan .N. Abood
Published: April 2023

This study included examined of  the microbial and chemical content and some physical properties of bottled water manufacturers locally and circulating in the city of Samarra markets. It was counting the number of colonies of both bacteria and fungi, and measuring the pH value and electrical conductivity and suspended solids and total distress, and bio-oxygen demand as well as the study of the concentrations of each of calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, nitrates, iron, fluoride, chloride and sulfate. The study has shown higher microbial and chemical contamination of the majority of the samples that 36% of the studied samples free of aerobic bacteria and 90% free of bacteria of fecal and 22% free of molds and yeasts and when comparing microbial contaminants combined found that 13% of which is devoid of the three contaminated species and 87% of which contains all of these pollutants, or some of them either. when measuring the content of chemical elements and compounds, The study showed that 54% of the samples contained an increase in potassium and 16% of them contain an increase in iron while 4.5% of the them  showed an increase in fluoride when comparing polluters together [microbial and chemical] found that only one sample devoid of all pollutants studied thus deemed unfit for human consumption.
When bottled water compared to regular water it  found that  the last has the highest content of microbial contaminants, but the results of the examination of chemical contaminants was close.
Histological study to the effect of Potassium Dichromate on the reproductive organs in mature rats
Authors: Firas Abbas Hussain Al-saadi
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to show the effect of potassium dichromate (24 mg/kg orally for 60 day) in mature male and female. The results of experiment in male rats showed decrease in seminiferous epithelia thickness and number of stage VII cells (spermatogonium, spermatocytes, spermatids) at the same time the experiment of immature female rats treated with potassium dichromate showed increase in the diameter of ovarian follicles in the categories (101-200), (201-300) and (<400) .It was concluded that potassium dichromate has detrimental effects on living tissue and in some sexual parts in both sexes (male and female) .
Effect of aqueous extract of Asparagus officinalis on some Antioxidants in Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress induced by Hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Yaser A.M. Sulaiman  , , Al-saeedy, Khalid. A. H.  , Moayad M.Y. Al-Anzy
Published: April 2023

The current study dealt with using  of hydrogen peroxide with 0.5% with drinking water to induce state of oxidative stress in male rats and estimate the ability of different concentrations of the aqueous extract of asparagus officinalis to reduce the effects of oxidative stress during periods 0,15,30 days by measuring the following parameters in serum: Glutathione(GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of super oxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and the peroxynitrate radical (ONOO).
Fifty male rats with the age of 3-4 months and  weight of 300-400 gm were distributed into 5 groups: group (1): control group received drinking tap water, group (2): treated with H2O2 0.5% in drinking water, group (3): treated with H2O2 and asparagus officinalis 5%, group (4): treated with H2O2 and asparagus officinalis 10%, group (5): treated with H2O2 and asparagus officinalis 20% . Hydrogen peroxide treatment led to a significant decrease (P <0.05) of the GSH and SOD activities  and increase of the MDA and ONOO levels in the serum during treatment periods compared with the control group. The results of using different concentrations of aqueous extract of asparagus on rats revealed similar effects but not identical in the protection from the oxidative stress induced by Hydrogen Peroxide , because its effect was affected on the level of GSH, SOD, MDA and ONOO levels in the blood serum in different experiment period.