bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 63-year changes in annual streamflow volumes across Europe with a focus on the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Masseroni Daniele , Camici Stefania , Cislaghi Alessio , Vacchiano Giorgio , Massari Christian , Brocca Luca
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Determining the spatiotemporal variability in the annual streamflow volume plays a relevant role in hydrology with regard to improving and implementing sustainable and resilient policies and practices of water resource management. This study investigates annual streamflow volume trends in a newly assembled, consolidated, and validated data set of daily mean river flow records from more than 3000 stations which cover near-natural basins in more than 40 countries across Europe. Although the data set contains streamflow time series from 1900 to 2013 in some stations, the statistical analyses were carried out by including observations from 1950 to 2013 in order to have a consistent and reliable data set over the continent. Trends were detected by calculating the slope of the Theil–Sen line over the annual anomalies of streamflow volume. The results show that annual streamflow volume trends have emerged at European scale, with a marked negative tendency in Mediterranean regions, with about -1×103 m3/(km2 yr−2), and a generally positive trend in northern ones, with about 0.5×103 m3/(km−2 yr−2). The annual streamflow volume trend patterns appear to be in agreement with the continental-scale meteorological observations in response to climate change drivers. In the Mediterranean area, the decline of annual streamflow volumes started in 1965, and since the early 1980s, volumes have consistently been lower than the 1950–2013 average. The spatiotemporal annual streamflow volume patterns observed in this work
can help to contextualize short-term trends and regional studies already
available in the scientific literature, as well as to provide a valid
benchmark for further accurate quantitative analysis of annual streamflow
volumes.
A dynamical adjustment perspective on extreme event attribution
Authors: Terray Laurent
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Here we demonstrate that dynamical adjustment allows a straightforward
approach to extreme event attribution within a conditional framework. We
illustrate the potential of the approach with two iconic extreme events that
occurred in 2010: the early winter European cold spell and the Russian
summer heat wave. We use a dynamical adjustment approach based on
constructed atmospheric circulation analogues to isolate the various
contributions to these two extreme events using only observational and
reanalysis datasets. Dynamical adjustment results confirm previous findings
regarding the role of atmospheric circulation in the two extreme events and
provide a quantitative estimate of the various dynamic and thermodynamic
contributions to the event amplitude. Furthermore, the approach is also used
to identify the drivers of the recent 1979–2018 trends in summer extreme
maximum and minimum temperature changes over western Europe and western
Asia. The results suggest a significant role of the dynamic component in
explaining temperature extreme changes in different regions, including
regions around the Black and Caspian seas as well as central Europe and the
coasts of western Europe. Finally, dynamical adjustment offers a simple and
complementary storyline approach to extreme event attribution with the
advantage that no climate model simulations are needed, making it a
promising candidate for the fast-track component of any real-time extreme
event attribution system.
The New Heresy and the Modern Inquisition
Authors: Rodriguez Amardo
Published: October 2021

In this paper, I look critically at a new trend on college campuses regarding the banning of certain words, especially the biggest racial taboo word in the USA.  I contend that these new bans impede the rise of a dialogic, democratic, and pluralistic temperament, ultimately promoting and legitimizing violence as good and necessary.
Implementation of Assessment Principles, Performance, and Client Satisfaction of Municipal Assessment Offices in Negros Occidental, Philippines
Authors: Tumbagahan Jennifer S. , Caelian Merlita V. , Caelian Zeaphard Gerhart V.
Published: October 2021

Accurate implementation of real property assessment principles strengthens real property taxation resulting in improved performance towards client satisfaction. This study assessed the implementation of assessment principles, the performance, and the satisfaction of clients of municipal assessment offices in Negros Occidental, Philippines.  It likewise determined the challenges encountered by offices.  A descriptive-comparative design was utilized using researcher-made survey instruments administered to assessors and randomly selected staff and clients. Using descriptive and inferential analyses, the findings revealed a very great extent of implementation with no significant differences across all areas when municipalities were grouped as to variables of income classification and land area. While the level of performance was outstanding as a whole, with no significant difference in all areas when grouped as to income class, a significant difference was revealed when assessment offices were grouped as to land area.  Clients were very satisfied with assessment services with no significant difference in physical setup when grouped into income classes. However, there were significant differences in frontline services, service quality, physical setup, and basic facilities. While when grouped as to land area, there was a significant difference across all areas. Several challenges were encountered by assessment offices, such as the agrarian reform program, administrative, policies, and political concerns. The study recommends a review of some policies specifically on the preparation and approval of the schedule of market value.
Translation of patient information leaflets: Trained translators and pharmacists-cum-translators – a comparison
Authors: Nisbeth Jensen Matilde , Korning Zethsen Karen
Published: October 2021

Numerous studies have shown that Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) are generally difficult to understand for ordinary people and that this may be one of the reasons why a high percentage of patients fail to take their medication correctly. A study by Askehave and Zethsen (2002), based on textual analysis and relying on comprehensive extratextual procedural knowledge, has shown that translated Danish PILs were, without exception, more complex than their STs. But why is this so? One possible explanation could be that PILs are very frequently translated by pharmacists, who do not possess the linguistic tools and translational knowledge necessary for expert-to-layman translation or interlingual translation. This article reports on an empirical study that falls into two parts. The first aims to identify possible differences in the translations of these two types of translator in terms of lay-friendliness. The second aims to describe the nature of the differences found between these two types of translator, and discusses whether they could potentially be detrimental to lay-friendliness in PILs.
Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies Interconnected: The Corpus-based Approach
Authors: Ramón García Noelia
Published: October 2021

The relationship between contrastive linguistics (CL) and translation studies (TS) as two disciplines within the field of applied linguistics has been explored in depth by several authors, especially in the 1970s and early 1980s. From the mid-nineties on both these disciplines have experienced a great boom due to the use of computerised language corpora in linguistic analysis. We will argue in this paper that this new corpus-based approach to CL and TS makes it necessary to revise the relationship between them, and look for a new common ground to work on. Our hypothesis is that the use of translation equivalence as a tertium comparationis for a corpus-based contrastive analysis provides essential data for TS in a wide range of aspects. On the other hand, the corpus approach of TS has shed a new light on numerous aspects of CL.
Textlinguistik und Übersetzungswissenschaft – Entwicklung und Interaktion
Authors: Holzer Peter
Published: October 2021

Since the beginning of the 1980s the categories of text linguistics have played an increasingly important role in both theoretical and applied translation studies. They have attracted more and more attention in the course of attempts to establish a translation-oriented text theory and text analysis for teaching purposes. In this context translation studies have been able to make a useful contribution to the linguistic debate on text cohesion and coherence and have in turn greatly benefited from that debate. At the same time, through contact with other disciplines, inclu¬ding the social sciences and cultural sciences, translation studies have helped to generate new aspects in text linguistics and to extend its hori¬zons. Today text linguistics and translation studies exist in a form of symbiosis that has attractive potential for the future.
Postcolonialism and translation: the dialectic between theory and practice
Authors: Bandia Paul F.
Published: October 2021

Postcolonial intercultural writing has been likened to translation both in terms of the writing practice and the nature of the postcolonial text, which often involves multiple linguistic and cultural systems. To highlight the significance of this view of translation as a metaphor for postcolonial writing and its impact on current translation theory, this paper attempts to lay the groundwork for defining the linguistic and cultural status of postcolonial discourse and to establish parallels between the translation process and some strategies for crafting the postcolonial text. The ontological relation between translation theory and practice is discussed in the light of post- colonial translation practices which have broadened the scope of research in translation studies to include issues of ideology, identity, power relations, and other ethnographic and sociologically based modes of investigation.
“In un placete de La Mancha of which nombre no quiero remembrearme”: Don Quijote en spanglish y los desafíos de la traducción bilingüe
Authors: Kunz Marco
Published: October 2021

Spanglish, the mixing of Spanish and English in oral and written communi-cation, has an increasing importance as a literary code. Challenged by derogatory comments on the poor aesthetic possibilities of Spanglish, Mexican American scholar Ilan Stavans translated the first chapter of Cervantes’ Don Quijote into a mixed language made of English, Spanish and hybrid words. The result provoked the hilarity of many readers, but also the indignation of Castilian purists who opposed the invasion of their mother tongue by a foreign language and the desecration of the most out- standing monument of the Hispanic Culture, while American Chicanos criticized the quality of the translation, arguing that Stavans ’ Spanglish fails to reflect accurately the reality of bilingual speech in daily life. In my paper I propose some reflections about this controversy and I try to analyse Stavans’ intentions and strategies in this translation of a canonical classical text into a non-normative and highly stigmatized variety of spoken language. As it is directed to a bilingual audience, this translation loses its principal raison d’être, that is to make the text understandable for foreign readers, but it fulfils other functions.
Deaf signers in Flanders and 25 years of Community Interpreting
Authors: Van Herreweghe Mieke , Vermeerbergen Myriam
Published: October 2021

Looking back on 25 years of Community Interpreting in the Deaf communi - ty in Flanders at least three issues seem to be noteworthy.Linguistic research into Flemish Sign Language has clearly influenced the sign language interpreter trainingprogrammes. When thefirst programmes were started up in the early 1980s, interpreter students were taught Signed Dutch. The shift to Flemish Sign Language came about in the latter half of the 1990s, some years after the first results of Flemish Sign Language research were made available in the public domain.A second important factor is the professionalisation of the interpreter. The internationally recognised evolution from a ‘helper philosophy’ via a ‘machine (conduit) philosophy’ to a ‘bilingual-bicultural philosophy’ has also taken place in Flanders.Thirdly, we can see a certain impact of Community Interpreting on Deaf Empowerment. Since it is very hard to exactly identify this and more research would be necessary, these will only be briefand tentative statements.
Subtitling and the promotion of multilingualism: the case of marginalised languages in South Africa
Authors: Kruger Jan-Louis , Kruger Haidee , Verhoef Marlene
Published: October 2021

This article investigates the role that subtitling may play in the promotion of multilingualism in South Africa. After a reflection on the current language-political situation in the country, in particular as it pertains to the public broadcaster, the findings of a pilot study focusing on the role of subtitling in promoting multilingualism and language rights in South Africa are presented. The research involves aspects such as language status, attitudes and acquisition, focusing on two of the more marginalised languages in the country, namely Tshivenda and Xitsonga. It also touches on the impact of subtitling on comprehension.
De tolk als respeaker: een kwestie van training
Authors: Van der Veer Bart
Published: October 2021

As a result of political decisions, all Dutch-spoken television programmes that are broadcast by the Flemish Broadcasting Company (VRT) should be provided with subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing by the year 2010. In order to meet these high expectations, the VRT is constantly improving and changing its subtitling techniques, as are other broadcasting companies worldwide. One of the main areas of change concerns the technique of live subtitling, i. e. real time subtitling of live television programmes. This type of subtitling has definitely benefited from the use of modern speech recognition software. Live subtitling, therefore, requires not only technical skills but also excellent ‘respeaking’ skills that are reminiscent of the skills of conference interpreters. The central question in the first part of this pa- per is to what extent ‘re-speaking’ is related to simultaneous (and other forms of) interpreting: is a good interpreter automatically a good re- speaker? In the second part, I adopt a didactic point of view in order to investigate the teaching aspects of real time subtitling skills: the conclusion is that it is best included in an education programme for conference interpreters
Translating linguistic time
Authors: Goldfajn Tal
Published: October 2021

If Sartre is right and the tense of a text holds the key to its special strangeness (1947), how does this strangeness fare in translation? What can we learn from looking at the translation of grammatical tense and aspect in narrative texts in different languages? It is often simply assumed that translating grammatical cate gories of time in languages - because it has to do with what is considered the hard core of language, i.e. the grammar as opposed to the lexicon of the language - mainly involves mere linguistic constraints. Jakobson ’s famous motto (1987: 433) - “languages differ essentially in what they must convey and not in what they can convey”- would therefore suffice to tell the whole story about the way in which linguistic time is translated. This paper argues, however, that this is not the whole story: it argues that the choice of tense in translation is more than just a grammatical agenda, and may actually reflect a number of different commitments. Section 2 examines some intriguing tense changes in the translation of children ’s literature: it discusses the motivations behind these changes and shows that by changing the ‘how’ of the original story through the tense choice the entire subjective perspective of the text is altered. Section 3 identifies a few patterns in the translation of past distinctions in Modern Hebrew. It suggests that in contrast to the more diversified means of translating aspectual meanings in previous decades, a major trend in the last decade or so has been to reduce all past sphere distinctions essentially to one single form, i.e. the simple past tense. Finally section 4 deals with the classical problem regarding the Biblical Hebrew tenses and their translation; it shows that the translation of the biblical verbs may be strongly determined by the different linguistic ideas (and even systematic theories) the translators adopt regarding the Biblical Hebrew tenses. In all these cases then, we observe that the translation of temporal meanings involves not only a commitment to specific temporal interpretations but also a commitment to more subtle conceptions of subjectivity in translation, of literary conventions and linguistic ideas.
Leibniz frente al ocasionalismo. La lucha por la autonomía de la razón
Authors: Nicolás Juan Antonio
Published: October 2021

Se aborda la polémica entre Leibniz y Malebranche en torno a la relación entre las sustancias. Se plantean cuatro hipótesis para explicar esta interacción: la influencia física (escolástica), la asistencia divina inmediata (ocasionalismo, Malebranche), la identidad (Spinoza) y la armonía previa (Leibniz). Se explica la posición crítica de Leibniz respecto a las otras tres. En relación con la primera hipótesis Leibniz y Malebranche están de acuerdo en que no es viable. Se explican la crítica de Leibniz al ocasionalismo de Malebranche (segunda hipótesis) y al monismo sustancialista de Spinoza (tercera hipótesis). Y finalmente se analiza, desde la hipótesis de la armonía previa (cuarta hipótesis), el modo en que Leibniz aprovecha la disputa con el ocasionalismo, tanto en la versión de Malebranche como en la de Pierre Bayle, para reivindicar la autonomía de la razón en el ámbito de las causas segundas. En ello juegan un papel fundamental la noción de naturaleza de las cosas, el principio de diversidad y el principio de razón suficiente.
Confucianismo y averroísmo: apuntes para un estudio comparado
Authors: Figueroa Lackington Benjamín Antonio
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo explora algunas afinidades filosóficas entre el confucianismo y el averroísmo. Se analizan ambas corrientes en su incompatibilidad con la antropología filosófica moderna y, más concretamente, con la noción cristiano–liberal de individuo. Dicha incompatibilidad se examina en tres dimensiones distintas, a saber: una dimensión historiográfica (referida a las dificultades de interpretar el desarrollo del averroísmo y del confucianismo desde el concepto moderno de autor), una filosófica (focalizada en la noética de Averroes y en la filosofía moral de Confucio) y una genealógica (ceñida a la relación de ambas corrientes con la génesis del universalismo católico romano). Se concluye que ambas tradiciones intelectuales ofrecen herramientas conceptuales y hermenéuticas para pensar nuestro presente más allá de las categorías filosóficas modernas.
Análisis de eficiencia no paramétrica de las cooperativas agroalimentarias españolas
Authors: Aldaz Ibáñez Natalia , Millán Gómez José S. , Moltó Aribau Margarita , Escardíbul Ferrá Blanca , Cos Sánchez Pilar
Published: October 2021

Resumen. Se analiza la eficiencia, desde una perspectiva agregada, en el uso de los factores de producción de 501 cooperativas agroalimentarias españolas en los años 2014-2017. Las cooperativas del estudio abarcan 22 actividades principales y se agrupan en 4 tamaños. Se trata de evaluar la aplicación adecuada de los recursos en la obtención de bienes o servicios para lo cual se obtienen, para cada cooperativa, tres indicadores que relacionan los gastos en recursos con los ingresos de explotación. Estos indicadores reflejan el uso de los factores de producción, y su inversa corresponde a una medida de eficiencia. Se realiza un análisis de tipo comparativo y multifactorial que se basa en la técnica de envolvimiento de datos (DEA) que proporciona valores de eficiencia relativos respecto a la mejor o las mejores prácticas. Se comparan los resultados de eficiencia obtenidos considerando rendimientos constantes a escala (RCE) y rendimientos variables a escala (RVE). Constatando el peso, todavía importante, que tienen las cooperativas pequeñas en el sector agroalimentario español, se obtienen valores de eficiencia medios, por tamaño de las cooperativas, y también por actividad productiva principal y por Comunidad Autónoma. Finalmente, y por la importancia del sector cooperativo agroalimentario en Cataluña, se comparan los resultados obtenidos por las cooperativas agroalimentarias catalanas con los obtenidos por las cooperativas agroalimentarias del resto de España. En los valores de eficiencia obtenidos con DEA no se aprecian sesgos en las cooperativas eficientes, que son tanto grandes, como medianas y pequeñas Se ha producido, en general, un incremento en la eficiencia media de los grupos de actividad, entre los años 2014 y 2017, tanto con RCE como con RVE. Los valores de eficiencia para las cooperativas catalanas y las cooperativas del resto de España son similares, aunque se observa una menor eficiencia para las primeras en comercio de frutas y hortalizas y en producción de pienso.
A preliminary study on the distribution of breeding sites of BIOMPHALARIA GLABRATA in the municipality of peri mirim, a low endemicity area for schistosomiasis in northeast Brazil
Authors: Teles dos Reis Andrea , Fernanda do Carmo Silva Carla , Fernanda Silva Soares Raynara , Tavares Cardoso Diogo , Gustavo Mendes Rodrigues João , Araújo Nogueira Ranielly , Silva Miranda Guilherme , Silva-Souza Nêuton
Published: October 2021

Information on areas colonized by snails that transmit Schistosoma mansoni is essential for planning schistosomiasis control measures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to map the natural breeding sites of Biomphalaria spp. in the municipality of Peri Mirim, Maranhão, Brazil. The snails were manually collected and the breeding sites were geo-referenced (seven in the urban area and five in flooded fields), from November 2017 to March 2018. In the laboratory, the snails were examined for the presence of larval stages of S. mansoni identified by morphology and internal anatomy analysis. While no snails were found in the urban area, sixteen B. glabrata were collected in the flooded fields. No S. mansoni or other trematode infections were detected. Wild rodents, most likely Holochilus sciureus that could act as S. mansoni reservoirs, were also found in the flooded fields. These data indicate possible risk areas for further outbreaks of schistosomiasis transmission in the municipality of Peri Mirim.KEY WORDS: Baixada Maranhense; malacological survey; planorbidae; spatial analysis.
Perbedaan Tingkat Kepatuhan Perawat Dalam Melakukan Pengkajian Ulang Risiko Jatuh Antara Sebelum Dan Sesudah Dilakukan Edukasi Di Rsud Dr Saiful Anwar Malang
Authors: Sekartari Trisiwi , Lumadi Sih Ageng , Maria Lilla
Published: October 2021

Pendahuluan: Jatuh adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di dunia, diperkirakan 646.000 jatuh yang fatal terjadi setiap tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian ulang risiko jatuh sebelum dan sesudah edukasi di IPJT RSSA Malang. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pra eksperimen dengan jenis penelitian one group pre test post test design. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 32 responden perawat. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 32 responden, sebelum dilakukan edukasi manajemen risiko jatuh, 28 (87,5%) responden tidak patuh dan 4 (12,5%) responden memiliki kepatuhan rendah sedangkan sesudah dilakukan edukasi seluruhnya menunjukan peningkatan kepatuhan yaitu 4 (12,5%) responden memiliki kepatuhan rendah, 16 (50%) kepatuhan sedang, 12 (37,5%) kepatuhan tinggi Uji statisitik Wilcoxon signed rank test didapatkan p value sebesar 0,00 (< 0,05). Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian ulang risiko jatuh antara sebelum dan sesudah edukasi di IPJT RSSA Malang. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian ulang risiko jatuh dengan pemberian edukasi manajemen risiko jatuh secara periodik.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Alat Kontrasepsi Dengan Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Pada Wanita Usia Subur
Authors: Juwitasari Juwitasari , Harini Ririn , Setyowati Lilis
Published: October 2021

Pendahuluan: wanita usia subur penting untuk mengatur jarak kehamilannya untuk menghindari dari komplikasi pada sistem reproduksi. Penggunaan kontrasepsi menjadi alternatif untuk penurunan komplikasi dari terlalu dekatnya jarak kehamilan wanita usia subur, terutama di daerah pedesaan seperti Kabupaten Malang yang memiliki proporsi signifikan dari wanita usia subur. Pengetahuan tentang alat kontrasepsi yang dimiliki wanita usia subur akan mempengaruhi pilihan nya untuk menggunakan atau tidak menggunakan alat kontrasepsi. Tujuan: untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang alat kontrasepsi dan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi pada wanita usia subur di Kabupaten Malang. Metode: Studi Cross sectional dengan purposive sampling akan dilakukan dari Oktober 2019-Desember 2019 di wilayah Kabupaten Malang. Sebanyak 204 wanita usia subur yang memenuhi kriteria diharapkan dapat berpartisipasi dalam studi ini yang akan mengidentifikasi data demografis, pengetahuan tentang alat kontrasepsi dan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan direkomendasikan oleh Indonesian demografi kesehatan Survey (IDHS) 2017. Analisa data statistik meliputi statistic deskriptif, dan korelasional. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik dengan spearman correlation ditemukan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan tentang alat kontrasepsi dengan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi (p=0,083) pada WUS di kabupaten Malang. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan penelitian ini, sebagian besar adalah ibu rumah tangga dan tidak memiliki pekerjaan dan hanya menunggu uang dari suami. Hal tersebut akan mempengaruhi mereka untuk menggunakan atau tidak alat kontrasepsi. Penentuan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi, dapat dipengaruhi suami sebagai pengambil keputusan dalam keluarga.
Malware Detection Using a Machine-Learning Based Approach
Authors: Rkhouya Safa , Chougdali Khalid
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research work is to study the usage of machine learning in detecting malware. This paper presents a versatile framework, in which a dataset of more than 130000 files has been analyzed, to train and test four machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting; The performance of each algorithm in malware classification, has been studied based on the: Accuracy, execution time, rate of false positives and false negatives, and area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve.
Dorothea Dreams of Drains
Authors: McCauley Alex
Published: October 2021

When Dorothea Brooke imagines a utopian community, she imagines draining the land. This concern with irrigation becomes a point of confluence for otherwise divergent theories of political economy and property within the nineteenth century. Drainage reflects a common horror of uselessness—whether wasted lands or the quagmires of scholarship. Yet this confluence is not totalizing. Natural history offers a critique of drainage, and Eliot's own work is marked by two contrary theories of drainage: circulation that adds value or circulation that subtracts value. These concerns then become a point for considering the primary metaphor of literary studies: the field.
Students' Awareness and Attitudinal Dispositions to E-Waste Management Practices at a Zimbabwean University
Authors: Maphosa Vusumuzi
Published: October 2021

Environmental experts have expressed concern that e-waste is growing faster than recycling or reusing initiatives. Universities from developing countries often import used electronic and electrical equipment to improve student's access to technology. Lack of explicit action plans on handling e-waste and the absence of infrastructure in developing countries are significant challenges. The study examines students' awareness and attitudinal disposition to e-waste management practices at a Zimbabwean university. The research summarizes complex issues related to improper e-waste management in a developing country context, leading to environmental and health degradation. The researcher collected data from 216 students through an online questionnaire, and data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The results show that the majority of the participants disposed of e-waste with municipal waste. The participants acknowledged that lack of awareness, lack of policies, unavailability of collection points, and recycling facilities were significant impairments to e-waste management. Being knowledgeable of the effects of e-waste on the environment and human health did not translate into appropriate e-waste management practices. The study challenges policymakers to develop e-waste policies and establish e-waste value chains that sustain the e-waste ecosystem. The University should establish local e-waste policies, identify designated e-waste collection points, and deploy primary recycling plants. The institution should launch e-waste clubs to create more awareness, knowledge, and positive attitudes toward e-waste management.
Gravidez heterotópica espontânea
Authors: Bitzcof Bruna Tifani , Fregulia Mariana Espindola , Capelin Camila , Zimermann Cely Christina
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A gravidez heterotópica é caracterizada por uma gravidez intrauterina associada a uma gravidez em sítio ectópico extrauterino. É atípica, sobretudo quando ocorre de forma espontânea, e tem prevalência estimada em 1:30.000 gestações. O relato em questão aborda um caso atípico de gravidez heterotópica e discute as dificuldades diagnósticas. Relato de caso: Mulher, 24 anos. Histórico de cesárea realizada há seis anos, sem intercorrências. Início gestacional calculado pela data da última menstruação, de seis semanas e cinco dias. Queixa-se de dor lombar irradiada para baixo ventre há três dias, associado a sangramento em pequena quantidade. O exame especular evidenciou sangramento residual em fundo de saco. O hormônio gonadotrofina coriônica (β-HCG), após a primeira avaliação, resultou em 3.495 ­mUI/­mL. A ultrassonografia transvaginal (USGTV) indicou, no fundo da cavidade endometrial, saco gestacional contendo imagem embrionária e movimentos cardíacos ausentes, concomitante à presença de uma massa em região anexial direita. Haja vista o aborto tópico, iniciou-se o preparo do colo uterino com misoprostol 200 mcg para a realização de curetagem uterina. O procedimento não teve intercorrências. Três dias depois, nova USGTV apontou massa na região anexial direita, anterior ao fundo uterino, sugestiva de saco gestacional bem configurado, contendo embrião com atividade cardíaca presente e valor do βHCG de 4.523 mUI/mL. Dessa forma, realizou-se laparostomia com salpingectomia à direita. A paciente manteve-se estável, com boa recuperação e alta hospitalar. Conclusão: A gravidez heterotópica possui sinais e sintomas inespecíficos, que podem ser confundidos com outras causas de dor abdominal, sendo comumente diagnosticada após um quadro de abdome agudo hemorrágico decorrente da ruptura da tuba uterina. Os níveis séricos de βhCG predizem gravidez, mas podem não ser parâmetro para casos de gravidez combinada. A realização da USGTV durante o início gestacional é imprescindível para o diagnóstico precoce, ressaltando a necessidade de avaliação completa tanto uterina quanto das regiões anexiais, já que, muitas vezes, a presença de gravidez tópica pode desviar a atenção do operador do exame. Não há consenso acerca da melhor conduta; no caso em questão, houve aborto da gravidez intrauterina e apenas feto ectópico com atividade cardíaca, o que tornava a gestação inviável. Sendo assim, a curetagem para o aborto tópico é indicada. Quanto ao feto ectópico, realizou-se laparostomia com salpingectomia à direita, em razão do local de implantação do saco gestacional. Quando unilateral, é possível manter a capacidade reprodutiva da paciente. Em suma, mesmo não sendo um diagnóstico simples, todo quadro com βHCG positivo e queixa de dor abdominal deve ser investigado por ultrassonografia das regiões anexiais para descartar a existência de uma gravidez heterotópica, assegurando o diagnóstico precoce e o bom prognóstico das pacientes.
Aeração de dispositivos médicos esterilizados a óxido de etileno: considerações acerca da regulação brasileira
Authors: Magalhães Costa Eliana Auxiliadora
Published: October 2021

Objetivos: Descrever níveis residuais aceitáveis de óxido de etileno em dispositivos médicos, analisar processos de aeração recomendados e compará-los com a regulaçãobrasileira. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com descritores específicos, sem restrição de ano de publicação. Busca dos dados entre outubro e novembro de 2019,que resultou em 34 estudos incluídos no estudo. Resultados: A regulação brasileira vigente está desatualizada em relação à classificação de produtos, à determinação de valoresde resíduos tóxicos de óxido de etileno em dispositivos médicos e aos processos recomendados para a aeração desses produtos, podendo contribuir para riscos de eventos adversospara pacientes usuários de dispositivos inadequadamente aerados, e, consequentemente, urge sua atualização. Conclusão: As lacunas desse marco regulatório beneficiamindiretamente as empresas que terceirizam a esterilização a óxido de etileno ao omitir controles essenciais para a segurança do paciente exposto a possíveis resíduos tóxicosde óxido de etileno, favorecer práticas inseguras de esterilização de produtos para saúde, além de dificultar o controle de serviço de saúde pelas vigilâncias sanitárias do país.
Divisions Over Leaders and Food Offered To Idols: The Parallel Thematic Structures of 1 Corinthians 4:6-21 and 8:1-11:1
Authors: Still E. Coye III
Published: October 2021

How significant is 1 Corinthians 1–4 in the epistle as a whole? Paul approaches specifically the problem of food offered to idols in essentially the same manner as he approaches the problem of divisions over leaders. More precisely, 1 Corinthians 8:1–11:1 appears to follow closely Paul’s pattern of argumentation in the climatic 1 Corinthians 4:6-21. In Paul’s remarkably similar approaches to different presenting problems do we have a clue that Paul’s own apostolic hardships are a cruciform paradigm for the pastoral counsel throughout 1 Corinthians 5-15?
The Confusion of Epistemology in The West and Christian Mission
Authors: Kirk J. Andrew
Published: October 2021

Western culture is facing a major intellectual crisis, because it is confused about the meaning of truth, the relationship between belief and knowledge, and the nature and use of language. This article points out some of the consequences and suggests a new way of meeting contemporary cognitive challenges to communicating Christian faith.
Is There A Narrative Substructure Underlying the Book of Isaiah?
Authors: Routledge Robin
Published: October 2021

The recent narrative turn has brought new and helpful insights to biblical studies. This article investigates whether it is legitimate and helpful to look for a possible narrative structure underlying the (generally non-narrative) Book of Isaiah. Starting with the structural model based on the work of A. J. Greimas, it concludes that if this narrative model can be applied to the Book of Isaiah it yields some useful outcomes. It points to the structural unity of the book and helps identify the main theme – in terms of the relationship between God, Israel and the nations, and the role of the Servant of the LORD.
Renaming in Paul’s Churches: The Case of Crispus-Sosthenes Revisited
Authors: Fellows Richard
Published: October 2021

If Crispus was Sosthenes we no longer need to hypothesise that there were two Sosthenes (Acts 18:17 and 1 Cor. 1:1) or two ἀρχισυνάγωγοι (synagogue rulers) who became believers (Acts 18:8 and 18:17; 1 Cor. 1:1). The idea that Crispus was re-named ‘Sosthenes’ creates a remarkably consistent picture of the individual. Luke presents him as a synagogue ruler who caused many others to become Christians (Acts 18:8), and tells us that the Jews singled him out for a beating (Acts 18:17). The authority that his name carried among the believers in Corinth explains why Paul included him as a co-sender (1 Cor. 1:1). Paul named him ‘Sosthenes’, meaning ‘saving strength’, because, through his power and influence, he secured the viability of the fledgling Christian community in Corinth. This style of naming is in keeping with other examples.
The Spectrum of Wisdom and Eschatology in the Epistle of James and 4QInstruction
Authors: Lockett Darian R.
Published: October 2021

One line of current research in the Epistle of James focuses upon the inter-relationships between traditional wisdom, prophetic, and eschatological material. In support of this line of inquiry this article investigates the combination of eschatological and sapiential concerns in James by comparing James with the intertestamental Jewish wisdom document 4QInstruction. In comparing literary forms, and sapiential and eschatological themes, the thesis is advanced that both texts incorporate traditional sapiential themes within an eschatological world-view and, therefore, James, as wisdom paraenesis, is not novel in combining these two traditions.
Prediction and Foreknowledge in Ezekiel’s Prophecy against Tyre
Authors: Udd Kris J.
Published: October 2021

Ezekiel’s prophecy that Tyre would be destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar was not fulfilled in the manner predicted by the prophet. This is demonstrated from extra-biblical literature, supported by archaeological evidence, and acknowledged by Ezekiel himself in a later prophecy. As a result, it is argued that the passage supports a world-view in which God is sometimes willing to adjust his plan from what he initially declared. This supports a relational view over the conventional deterministic view of divine foreknowledge, and it helps ease the tension between the test of a true prophet and a true prophet whose prediction is not fully realised.
Josephus’ Retelling of 1 Kings 1 for a Graeco-Roman Audience
Authors: Begg Christopher
Published: October 2021

1 Kings 1 relates the tumultuous circumstances which eventuated in Solomon’s being designated David’s successor. This article offers a detailed comparison between the biblical account and its retelling by Josephus in his Antiquities 7:343-362. The study focuses on two overarching questions: (1) which text-form(s) of 1 Kings 1 did the historian utilize? and (2) what kinds of retelling techniques has he applied to the biblical data and with what purposes and effects did he employ those techniques?
What Do Ancient Historians Make of the New Testament?
Authors: Nobbs Alanna
Published: October 2021

This article looks at some of the ways in which ancient historians, such as A. N. Sherwin-White, E. A Judge and A. H. M. Jones, use Acts and other parts of the New Testament as historical sources, in the same way that they use other ancient sources such as Herodotus, Thucydides and Tacitus. They do not use the New Testament uncritically, but take account of its individual authors and particular circumstances. Comparison is made to the ways in which some classical authors have been used for similar purposes.
The Question of Hell and Salvation: Is There a Fourth View?
Authors: Williams Stephen
Published: October 2021

This article is a revised version of the 2005 Tyndale Lecture in Christian Doctrine. It sets forward a fourth view on the question of salvation and final judgement, supplementing the three familiar positions of eternal torment, annihilation and universalism. This is a view found in the work of five nineteenth- and early twentieth-century theologians: James Orr, J. R. Illingworth, Langton Clarke, T. R. Birks and Samuel Garratt. Griffith Thomas historically identified it as a fourth view, but it is argued in this article that there are significant differences between the proponents. Nevertheless, they share a conviction that the biblical data does not yield any one of the three traditional positions and that it is possible to envisage the reconciliation with God of those who are under eternal judgement, even if they do not enjoy eternal salvation. As this position is scarcely known in contemporary theology, the article describes rather than evaluates the positions in question.
Martin Hengel: A Life in the Service of Christology
Authors: Deines Roland
Published: October 2021

While Martin Hengel has made a huge contribution to the study of early Judaism and emerging Christianity, his work can be seen to have a more specific focus. In celebration of Professor Hengel’s eightieth birthday, this retrospective survey evaluates his work in and around the field of Christology, which can be seen as the centre and purpose of so much of his thinking.
The Gospel of Judas and the Qarara Codices: Some Preliminary Observations
Authors: Head Peter M.
Published: October 2021

The recent publication of the Coptic text of the Gospel of Judas has raised a number of questions about the nature, history, date and importance of this ancient gospel. By paying close attention to the context of the find, the other literature within the same codex, and the question of the date, both for the Coptic codex and the original composition, this article helps locate the Gospel of Judas into its proper historical and theological context of the mid-to-late second century.
On Raising Osiris in 1 Corinthians 15
Authors: Perrin Nicholas
Published: October 2021

The suggestion that Paul’s theology of resurrection was developed on the basis of Osirian concepts of the afterlife, although not particularly new, has been revived of late. This article examines possible comparisons between Paul’s teaching on resurrection in 1 Corinthians 15 and the Egyptian myth of resurrection. This involves not only a consideration of the isolated parallels, but an investigation of the degree of coherence between Paul’s theological framework and the broad perspective of the Osirians. Recent arguments for Osirian influence in Paul, though superficially plausible, are in the end unsuccessful because they fail to understand Paul and the Egyptians on their own conceptual terms.
The Compassionate God of Traditional Jewish and Christian Exegesis
Authors: Tiemeyer Lena-Sofia
Published: October 2021

The comparison in the Zohar (Noah, 67b-68a) of Noah, Abraham and Moses serves as the starting point of this paper. Its aim is to investigate how traditional Jewish (e.g. the Targum, Midrashim, the Talmud, the medieval commentators) and Christian (e.g. the New Testament, the Church Fathers, Luther and Calvin) exegetes interpret the responses of these three individuals to divine foreknowledge (Gen. 6-7; 18:16-33; Exod. 32:10-14). Two main responses are suggested – intercession and/or proclamation of repentance. As shall become apparent, strikingly similar answers are given. First, foreknowledge is seen by nearly all scholars, regardless of religious affiliation and historical background, as a veiled hint at the possibility of influencing God, with the desired result of cancelling the prediction. Secondly, the majority of scholars read intercession and/or repentance into these texts to a greater extent than the texts themselves warrant. This uniformity suggests that the questions asked are shared by people across the borders of time and specific denominations. Even so, there are differences: Jewish scholars tend to emphasise the motif of intercession, existing or non-existing, on behalf of the guilty, while Christian ones are more prone to stress the idea of repentance.
Old Testament Theology and the Canon
Authors: Goldingay John
Published: October 2021

The article argues that Old Testament theology considers the insight that emerges from the form of the Old Testament canon, that it focuses on the canon of the Old Testament itself not the history of Israel, that it lets the canon itself be the canon, that it nevertheless recognises a canon within the canon, that it treats the first part of the twofold canon as of significance in its own right, but that it expects to find that the two parts of this canon illumine each other.
Expulsion from the Synagogue? Rethinking a Johannine Anachronism
Authors: Klink III Edward W.
Published: October 2021

The ‘expulsion from the synagogue’ in John 9 has been dominated for nearly four decades by reconstructed ‘glimpses’ popularized in the two-level reading of the Fourth Gospel by J. Louis Martyn. The key insight Martyn provided the last generation of students of John is the anachronism in 9:22, an insight that although it has been criticized at the level of historical reconstruction (the official edict of the Jamnia Academy and the Birkat-ha-Minim), has dominated nearly every reading of the gospel. But Martyn has guided us to an exaggerated reading of the ‘expulsion from the synagogue’ passages, and his focus on the situation behind John has minimized the Gospel’s explicit interest in the past. Even the term ἀποσυνάγωγος, the key evidence for Martyn, reflects a historicity that has been too easily suppressed. This paper will argue that a fresh examination of the historical reflections in the ‘expulsion of the synagogue’ passage in John 9 reveals not only John’s theological interest in the past, but also some potential ‘glimpses’ on the life and ministry of the historical Jesus.
John or Paul? Who was Polycarp’s Mentor?
Authors: Berding Kenneth
Published: October 2021

In some of the patristic writings, Polycarp of Smyrna is explicitly linked with the Apostle John. These writings also include the implication that he was taught by John or installed in his office by John. In contrast (or seemingly), there is a substantial literary (and to a lesser degree, theological) connection to the Apostle Paul in the only surviving letter written by Polycarp himself. The question that concerns us in this study is as follows: Should Polycarp be viewed as standing in the tradition of the Apostle John, as he has been viewed throughout church history, or should he be viewed as standing in the tradition of the Apostle Paul, as one might suppose simply by reading the letter Polycarp himself wrote?
Jeremiah, Judgement and Creation
Authors: Lalleman Hetty
Published: October 2021

Building on a German publication by Helga Weippert, it is argued that the idea of creation can already be found in Jeremiah, not just in Isaiah 40–55. Jeremiah 4–5 has parallels in Genesis 1–2 as well as in Jeremiah 33, and there is insufficient ground to assume that Jeremiah 33 represents a post-Jeremiah development, as Weippert suggests. Jeremiah uses not only the covenant as a framework for his proclamation of judgement and doom but also creation.
The Magnificat: Cento, Psalm or Imitatio?
Authors: Simons Robert
Published: October 2021

Scholars have long noted the prominence of LXX words and themes in the Magnificat (Luke 1.46-55). Various attempts have been made to explain this prominence. Some have suggested that the Magnificat is a sort of cento, others that it is modelled upon the OT Psalms. This study will propose that it is an example of what was known in the Graeco-Roman rhetorical tradition as speech in character (προσωποποιΐα) employing the technique of imitatio, and will show that many details in the text of the hymn seem to support this hypothesis.