bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and Potential Environmental Hazards with Perspective Adaptation Technologies in Nigeria, A review
Authors: Okunola A A , Gana A J , Olorunfemi K O , Obaniyi K S , Osueke C O , Olasehinde D A
Published: March 2020

Climate change is a global phenomenon with multifarious unique regional consequences. Contemporary studies have established Climate change as a product of anthropogenic activities. Studies have linked extreme weather events, heat waves, increase pollution, crop failure as some of the many discernable effects of climate change. Hence, the spatial temporal effects of Climate change are of concern to policy makers, researchers, innovators and the entire public to develop veritable mitigation strategies. This paper examines climate change in Nigeria as a case study; the research adopted desk research method to collect secondary data from literature about hazards caused by climate change and potential adaptation strategies in Nigeria. The findings revealed that a potential environmental hazard caused by climate change in Nigeria includes that of biological, chemical, physical, mechanical and psycho-social. Moreover, this review further showed adaptation technologies that can be used in adapting and mitigating climate change in Nigeria.
Survey of Agricultural Power Units and Machinery Purchase Prices in Selected Locations of Kaduna State – Nigeria
Authors: Saleh A , Adekanye TA , Gwarzo MA , Fumen GA , Ramnisku P
Published: March 2020

This study was conducted to determine the purchase price of power units and machineries in selected major agricultural towns of Kaduna State (Kaduna, Zaria and Saminaka). Data for the study was obtained from a sample survey that was conducted in 2018 amongst the three selected areas of the state through a well structural questionnaire. It was deduced that 45% of the respondents believed that individual purchase of farm machinery were more often than non-governmental organization having 22%, while government organization and institutions both recorded 11%. The highest unit price of power unit was found to be 169,946.33 Naira/kW, and the lowest was 11,718.75 Naira/kW. Also the highest unit price of machines was found to be 1,500,000 Naira/meter, while the lowest was 70,000 Naira/meter. The research also explored, the most common factor(s) that affects farmers’ decision in purchasing agricultural machines and power unit. It was found that these factors include but not only limited to the cost of spare parts, availability of spare parts and ease of repair and maintenance. Results of this study also show that prices of power units and machines vary from one place to another. There was a non-linear relationship between price and machine width. These were due to the fact that there are other factors that influence the price of machine besides its width. These factors according to most of the respondents includes: make and model of machine, type of material used in construction and efficiency of the machines. It was also found out that the most common machine and power unit sold in the study area were harrow (23%), ridgers (23%), plough (18%) and planters (18%).
Analysis of fragment homology among 331bp myoglobin of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with hypoxia-tolerant and hypoxia-intolerant organisms
Authors: Puspitaningrum R , Muthmainnah Z , Anastasia I M , Ruyani S F
Published: March 2020

Myoglobin protein plays significant role in intracellular oxygen storage and transcellular oxygen transport in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas). This globular protein contains amino acid compositions which have similarities between other species. This study aimed to analyse the fragment homology among 331bp myoglobin sequences of green turtle with hypoxia-tolerant and hypoxia-intolerant group organisms. Green turtle myoglobin sequences was aligned with 16 organisms for 84 amino acids number 71 to 154 in the N terminal region of the myoglobin protein. The data was analysed in BLASTX bioinformatics portal. The result showed that the percentage of similarity was 58%-93% with myoglobin in hypoxia-tolerant organisms and 79%-93% in hypoxia-intolerant organisms. Fragment homology in this study indicate the conserved positions of protein sequences during evolution in hypoxic tolerant organisms, which indicate that these positions may be important for the structure or function of myoglobin. Further study is needed to determine the difference of amino acid composition between these organisms.
Structure community of mangrove in Tidung Kecil Island, Thousands Island National Park Jakarta
Authors: Nurrohman H , Muhamad A , Rahmah L L , Ramadhanty N A , Hannum P , Hamidah Q , Hardiyanti S M , Azizah N , Herdani T P
Published: March 2020

Mangroves, as intermediate vegetation in the tidal line of seawater, have benefits for the surrounding ecosystem. Tidung Kecil Island is an example of a conservation zone in northern Jakarta that has a mangrove cultivation area. The purpose of study is to determine the mangrove community structure on Tidung Kecil Island. The data was obtained by a descriptive method with purposive sampling technique and belt data collection techniques transect methods. The transect is drawn perpendicular to the shoreline along 50 meters and a 10m x 10m plot was made. Data were taken in the form of a number of stands and characteristics of the type of mangrove obtained. For the data technique analysis, Simpson’s index formula was used to obtain density and dominance values and the Shannon-Wiener’s index formula to obtain the value of diversity. The results showed that on Tidung Kecil Island 18 species from 15 families were found. The diversity of mangroves in this region is classified as low, with values 1.54 and 1.85. The high presence of species (Rhizophora stylosa) dominated the region, with dominance index values 1.21 and 1.32. Rhizophora stylosa is a species that is cultivated by the people and tourists of Tidung Kecil Island.
New recorded species of polypore for Indonesia found in Universitas Indonesia Depok Campus
Authors: Tianara A , Susan D , Sjamsuridzal W
Published: March 2020

The polypore mushrooms or polypores are distinguished by their binding and skeletal hyphae and typical poroid hymenophore. Huge beneficial ecological and anthropocentric values can be obtained from them. The taxonomy information about of this group of mushrooms in Indonesia is very limited and very difficult to find. This study was aimed to collect, characterize, and identify the polypores in Universitas Indonesia Depok Campus which has forest area. Sampling was conducted using broad survey method. Characterization, identification, and species description were performed based on morphological data, both macroscopic and microscopic examination. Seventy specimens which were collected consisted of 34 species from 22 genera, 7 families (1 incertae sedis), and 4 orders. Polyporales Gäum is the largest order (82,35% from all species found) with Polyporaceae and Trametes as the largest family and genus, respectively. This study discovered 17 new recorded species polypores for Java and 11 new recorded species polypores for Indonesia.
Morphological identification of stingless bees from Belitung
Authors: Azizi M G , Priawandiputra W , Raffiudin R
Published: March 2020

Stingless bees, the smallest honey-producing bees, have high diversity with over 600 species in the world. Exploration at Bukit Barisan Sumatra found 23 species of stingless bees. However, stingless bee diversity in Belitung has not been explored and identified. This study aims to identify stingless bees based on morphology from Belitung. The methods used included the preservation of dry samples, characterization and identification of morphology based on: hind tibia, hind basitarsus, malar space, mandible, head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing. A total of 12 stingless bee colonies were collected in Belitung. The study found three identified species of stingless bees in Belitung: Tetragonula laeviceps (colonies 1, 4, 5, 7, 8), Tetragonula aff. fuscobalteata (colonies 6, 11, 12), and Heterotrigona itama (colonies 2, 3, 9, 10). Body length, body color, eye color, abdominal color, mesoscutum, teeth in the mandible, malar space, wing length, wing venation and wing color are morphological characters that differentiate between the three species. Three morphometric parameters also differentiate between the three species, those are the width of hind basitarsus, malar space, and wing length. We also observed that T. aff. fuscobalteata show variations in the color of the eye and abdomen in all three colonies.
Molecular and adaptive evolution of Nep2 gene from carnivorous plant Nepenthes
Authors: Alamsyah F , Ito M
Published: March 2020

Nepenthes get their nutrient by carnivory using their pitchers. A prey drowned in the pitcher fluid, will be digested by enzymes called nepenthesin, i.e. nepenthesin II. The structure of nepenthesin II-encoding gene might be related to the role of the enzyme. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the molecular and adaptive evolutions of Nep2 gene expressing nepenthesin II. We analyzed 29 Nepenthes species that represent most habitat types. Total DNA was extracted from silica-dried leaf samples and amplification of Nep2 gene was performed using degenerate primers. Homology searching was conducted using BLASTn, followed by computation of isoelectric point of the enzyme, and testing for positive selection using Mega 5. The result showed 29 DNA sequences of Nep2 gene have no introns. Intron-less Nep2 gene will produce nepenthesin II rapidly to digest the prey. The gene experienced significant positive selection on N. sumatrana, a species inhabits the lowest altitude habitats amongst Sumatran species. An obvious adaptive phenotype is the development of two unusual types of lower pitchers to obtain nutrient in lowland habitats. In conclusion, molecular and adaptive evolutions of Nep2 gene characterized Nepenthes as highly adaptable plants that actively respond to the environmental stress.
Ecological function of the land after Merapi eruption
Authors: Akmalia R , Sulistijorini  , Putra H F
Published: March 2020

The forest area of Mount Merapi has been designated as the Mount Merapi National Park (TNGM) since 2004. The satellite imagery has shown that there are 3 levels of damage to forest ecosystems in TNGM, namely minor, moderate, and severe damage. This study aims to determine the progress of the landscape function in several regions that suffered damage to forest ecosystems due to the eruption of Mount Merapi. The research method consists of: (1) Determination of research location, (2) measurement of microclimates, (3) Measurement of soil characteristics, and (4) Landscape Function Analysis (LFA): characterization of landscape organizations and Soil Surface Assessment (SSA). The value of land stability in the zone of minor, moderate, and severe damage is respectively: 48.00, 52.90 and 45.50%. The infiltration value of water in the zone of minor, moderate and severe damage is respectively: 26.50, 28.40 and 29.70%. The value of the soil nutrient cycle in the minor, moderate, and severe damage zones is respectively: 20.80, 23.60, and 16.30%. The progress of the ecological function of the zone of moderate damage is better for land stability and the soil nutrient cycle, while water infiltration is better in the zone of severe damage.
Maxent modelling of habitat suitability for the endangered javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in less-protected Dieng Mountains, Central Java
Authors: Widyastuti S , Perwitasari-Farajallah D , Prasetyo L B , Iskandar E , Setiawan A
Published: March 2020

Dieng highland in Central Java provides high potential habitat for the endemic Javan gibbon. In order to conserve the sustainability of Javan gibbon population and its habitat in Dieng, the conservation priority for high suitable habitat should be maintained. This study aimed to identify the HSM for Javan gibbon in Dieng highland and the most contributing biophysical variables. Medium-resolution variable layers, which interpret the biophysical environment of gibbon habitat, were derived and pre-processed from Sentinel-2 image and Indonesian elevation model product. A total of 305 occurrence data recorded in extensive field survey non-correlated 11 variables were maintained for HSM in presence-only machine learning, maximum entropy (MaxEnt). Suitable gibbon habitats were predicted as 81.286 km2. The area under the curve value estimated to be 0.971 and 83.516 % of validating points was on suitable habitat. The final model pointed out that the suitable areas were fragmented. Relatively large of the suitable patch for Javan gibbon located in Sokokembang, Linggoasri-Mendolo, and western of Kembanglangit were considerable to get the conservation priority. The most contributed variables were a natural forest, elevation, distance to cropland and land surface temperature, which are important factors to be considered when generating a conservation strategy for Javan gibbon.
Isolation and 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis of thermophilic Actinobacteria isolated from soil in Cisolok geothermal area, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ningsih F , Sari D C A F , Rachmania M K , Yabe S , Yokota A , Oetari A , Sjamsuridzal W
Published: March 2020

The thermophilic Actinobacteria are known not only as producers of pharmaceutically important bioactive compounds, but also commercially important enzymes, yet their diversity in geothermal area in Indonesia have been rarely reported. In our previous study, a new thermophilic Actinobacteria genus belonging to the family Pseudonocardiaceae has been isolated from soil in Cisolok geothermal area. This current study reports the taxonomy and findings of potentially new taxa of thermophilic Actinobacteria, based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Twenty-five isolates of thermophilic Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples and maintained using previously described methods. The 16S rRNA gene sequence-similarity search against all related species was performed using EzTaxon-e database. The sequences of 25 isolates showed similarity to member of family Streptomycetaceae (genus Streptomyces; 10 isolates), Thermomonosporaceae (genus Actinomadura; 3 isolates), Streptosporangiaceae (genus Microbispora; 6 isolates), Micromonosporaceae (genus Micromonospora; 2 isolates), Pseudonocardiaceae (genus Amycolatopsis; 3 isolates), and Nocardiaceae (genus Nocardia; 1 isolate). Fifteen out of 25 isolates are belong to non-Streptomycetaceae family, thus regarded as rare Actinobacteria. Nineteen out of 25 isolates showed 16S rRNA gene sequence-similarity values 97 – 99% to their closely related species, suggested the potential for findings novel taxa of thermophilic Actinobacteria from Cisolok geothermal area.
Inventory and identification of ectoparasites lice on sheep in the Magetan regency, East-Java
Authors: Cholis M N , Atmowidi T , Prawasti T S
Published: March 2020

Sheep are farm animals that have long been cultivated and become abundant food resources for humans. Sheep are particularly susceptible to ectoparasite attacks. One of ectoparasites that could infect sheep is lice, it can reduce the production of meat and decrease quality of leather and fleece. Therefore this research aims to inventory, identify, and study the existence of lice in sheep. Lice samples were collected in four districts in Magetan i.e Karas, Parang, Panekan, and Plaosan. Preparations of lice were done by whole-mount with Hoyer’s solution. Results showed that species of lice infesting sheep in four districts in Magetan was Damalinia ovis. The prevalence value of D. ovis infested sheep was 100%, it means that all examined sheeps were infested by D. ovis. The largest prevalence value was found on the sheep body (77.86%). The number of individual D. ovis found was not affected by the altitude, air temperature, and humidity.
Evaluation and identification of the native Zingiberaceae specie in Mijen, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Lianah  , Krisantini  , Wegener M
Published: March 2020

Zingiberaceae, Musaceae, and Cactaceae families are a small part of the diversity of species of tropical plants found in Indonesia. The Zingiberaceae consists of around 50 genera and more than 1,300 species. The uses of Zingiberaceae ranges from food, medicine, industry, to ornamental plants. The constraints in the commercialization of the species of this family are the lack of information on the growth characteristics and cultivation techniques to produce quality crops, and understanding on the phytochemical content of different parts of the plants. This study aims to identify the presence and diversity of Zingiberaceae species in the Central Java region, particularly in Mijen District, Gunung Prau, and Darupono Teak Forest, and to study the uses by the local community by conducting surveys and interviews. We recorded 19 species belonging to the Zingiberaceae in the study area, with a total of 293 individuals from the 10 genera, and Zingiber was the most dominant genus. Five of these species have been used by local residents as spices, 12 species as herbal medicines, and 2 species have potentials as ornamentals or cut flowers, Etlingira foetens and Etlingera elatior.
Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria sp. and Aspergillus sclerotiorum can produce secondary metabolite quinidine
Authors: Anggiani J P , Listiyowati S , Rahayu G
Published: March 2020

Entomopathogenic fungi have been reported to produce secondary metabolite quinolines. One of the quinoline alkaloids is quinidine, a compound that has antiarrhythmic properties, therefore it has an economic important value. The aim of the experiment reported here was to study the potency of entomopathogenic fungiBeauveriasp. IPBCC. 19.1499 andAspergillus sclerotiorumIPBCC.19.1500 in producing quinidine. The quinidine was obtained from a broth culture of each fungus grown in Potato Dextrose Broth medium (pH 6.2, static, room temperature) for 7, 14, and 21 days incubation period. At harvest, broth of each culture was extracted using chloroform. The extract then dried using an evaporator. The presence of quinidine in the extracted was detected by HPLC. The dry weight of fungal biomass and the crude extract of broth culture were also recorded. HPLC analysis showed that quinidine was produced by both fungi tested. The species of the fungus and incubation period significantly affected quinidine production.Beauveriasp. IPBCC.19.1499, in general, produced quinidine in higher concentration than that ofA. sclerotiorumIPBCC.19.1500. The quinidine concentration increased significantly with increasing incubation period. The quinidine concentration was also positively correlated with biomass dry weight, while the crude extract dry weight was negatively correlated with quinidine concentration.
Isolation, identification of fatty acids from Spirulina platensis as antibacterial
Authors: Agustini N W S , Wijayanto Y
Published: March 2020

The main target of fatty acids is disrupting the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation of bacterial cells. One of the fatty acid-producing microorganisms is Spirulina platensis. Therefore this study was aimed to determine the types of fatty acid compounds from S. platensis, which have the potential as antibacterial. Biomass is extracted by soxhlet using different polarity solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol). An antibacterial activity using the paper disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Identification of fatty acid compounds using Gas Chromatography-Spectrometry Mass (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity showed that chloroform extract showed the largest inhibition zone. Furthermore, chloroform extract was fractionated and simplifying fractions. The results of the identification of the best fraction showed that there were several types of fatty acids namely Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (10.99%), 1.2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (0.74%), heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester (0.09%), 6.9.12-Oxiraneoctanoic acid (8.84%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (0.52%), Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester(2.28%), Oxiraneoctanoic acid (8.86%), Eiocosanoic acid, methyl ester (0.46%), Hexanedioic acid, dioctyl ester (6.46%) and Docosanoic acid, methyl ester (0.26%). Based on this study, the fatty acids found in S. platensis have an ability to be naturally antibacterial.
Antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Diospyros celebica Bakh. (Eboni) extra
Authors: Handayani W , Zukhrufa H , Yasman  , Imawan C
Published: March 2020

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to exhibit an efficient, wide spectrum of antimicrobial properties. Certain metabolite compounds in plants can be used as reducing agents for silver ions reduction into AgNPs. The potential of Diospyros celebica extract was used to synthesize AgNPs and it was tested for their antibacterial activity. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of phenols and saponins. For biosynthesis, 2% (w/v) of the extracts were treated with 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM of AgNO3 as precursors in a ratio of 1:9 (v/v). AgNP formation was confirmed by the observation of the solution color change from yellow to brown as well as by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, which revealed a peak at 350–500 nm. The nanoparticle size and shape confirmed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was examined by the well diffusion method. The results revealed that AgNPs synthesized by using the D. celebica extract exhibit antimicrobial activity for E. coli, which was indicated by the formation of clear zones. This result paves opportunities to develop an antimicrobial agent trough this method optimization.
Isolation and characterization endophytic bacteria as biological control of fungus Colletotrichum sp. on onion plants (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Murtado A , Mubarik N R , Tjahjoleksono A
Published: March 2020

One of the problems of onion (Allium cepa L.) horticulture is the present of pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose. Endophytic bacteria have potential to inhibit the pathogenic fungus. The aims of this research was to isolate endophytic bacteria controlling fungus C. gloeosporioides on onion, test ability of bacteria to inhibit the growth of suspected pathogenic fungi, test of hemolysis, and test of hypersensitivity. A total of 40 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the roots, stems, and leaves of onion plants from Brebes, Central Java. The results of the antagonist test produced 6 isolates, which inhibited growth of fungi Colletotrichum sp. with inhibition radius on a scale 3 (60-75%). Four of six potential isolates namely ABS4.1, ABP5.1, BBP5.2, and ABP5.2. Each isolate has different morphological and microscopic characteristics. The hypersensitivity tests are negative, which indicates that all potential isolates are not pathogenic to plants. The results of hemolysis test are 2 isolates of the 6 potential isolates, were negative or not pathogenic in mammals including human namely BBP5.2 and DBP4.2. Based on all the test results, the one potential isolates BBP5.2 had the greatest fungal growth inhibition and were not categorized as pathogen on plants and mammals.
Ethnopharmacology and chemical screening of piper from ketambe research station, Gunung Leuser National Park, Southeast Aceh
Authors: Kuncari E S
Published: March 2020

Throughout human history, people used various materials from nature to cure their illnesses and improve their health. Substances were derived from flora, fauna and mineral sources located in people’s immediate surroundings but also remote areas. Still, there is very little information on ethnopharmacology and publications about plants from Piper, especially those from around Ketambe. The research was done by exploration method, direct observation and interview, followed by laboratory analysis and literature study. Phytochemical screening was performed by the Ciuley Method. In this exploration, there were seven species of Piper. The results of interviews with indigenous elders obtained information that the seven Piper species can be used to cure different diseases. From phytochemical screening, it was found that the seven Piper species studied contained sterols & triterpenoids, carotenoids, tannins, cumarin derivatives, polyuranide, steroid glycosides but did not contain fat & high fatty acids, emodols/anthracids and coumarins.
Endobacterial symbiont of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and the pathogenicity of their symbiosis towards banana plantling
Authors: Rahayu G , Maulana I , Widodo
Published: March 2020

Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubense (Foc), a causal agent of panama disease was reported carrying bacterial endosymbionts. This research aimed to identify the endobacteria in 7Focstrains and to study their symbiosis effect on theFocpathogenicity towards Ambon Kuning and Tanduk banana cultivars. The pathogenicity of endobacteria-Foc symbiosis were tested in vitro on banana plantling. Crude filtrate and biomass suspension that were produced by culturing eachFocstrains for 21 days in static condition either in PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) (Foc−) or in antibiotics supplemented PDB (Foc+) were used as effectors. TheFocpathogenicity was stated as disease severity percentage on leaves and on rhizome. The result showed that allFocstrains contained endobacteria.Enterobactersp. was hosted byFocIPBCC 19.1427 andIzhakiella australiensiswas in the hyphae ofFocIPBCC 19.1430.Enterobactersp. affectedFocIPBCC 19.1427 virulence towards banana cv. Tanduk through effectors in the filtrate, while that towards cv. Ambon Kuning was unclear.Izhakiella australiensisdid not affectFocIPBCC 19.1430 virulence towards the two banana cultivars. The pathogenicity ofFocshould further be verified, as the antibiotics given could not completely kill the endobacteria.
Community structure of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Java and Sumatra based on Cryphonectria parasitica vic primer
Authors: Rahayu G , Thamrin J A D , Rianti P
Published: March 2020

Banana production centers in Indonesia are still being invaded by panama disease. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agents of that disease is reported as genetically varied. Twelve Cryphonectria parasistica vic primer sets were evaluated and used for Foc community structure analyses of Foc population in Java and Sumatra. The results showed that 5 loci (vicia, vic2, vic3a, vic6, and vic7) with 9 (A, B, C, D, E, I, J, K and L) alleles were detected in 38 Foc samples using nine C. parasitica vic primer sets. Two out of nine vic primer sets presumably detected vic loci (vic1a and vic3a). These loci were suspected to relate to the mechanism of apoptosis in Foc somatogamy. Based on loci diversity and allelic interaction systems, 18 haplotypes (1-18) in Foc population from Java and Sumatra were recognized. Haplotype diversity in Sumatra was higher than Java, while alleles relatively spread uniformly. Haplotype-7 and E allele were dominant and were found in Java and Sumatra. Meanwhile, Haplotype-18 and C alleles were specific to Java. Distribution of the dominant haplotype indicated that the island is not a geographic barrier. Three (vic3a, vic6, and vic7) out of nine loci were polymorphic.
Preliminary study of myxobacteria as biocontrol agents for panama disease pathogen, tropical race 4 Fusarium odoratissimum
Authors: Meliah S , Kusumawati D I , Ilyas M
Published: March 2020

Newly described pathogenic fungal Fusarium odoratissimum is known to cause severe panama disease on banana and grouped as tropical race 4. The disease constrains banana production throughout the world with no known method to completely manage the disease. This study assayed the ability of myxobacteria to control the pathogen. Myxobacteria were isolated from soil, karst limestone, and decaying wood in Karimun and Simeuleu islands using filter paper and baiting methods. A total of 20 myxobacterial isolates were collected during the process. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, they were identified as Myxococcus, Archangium and Corallococcus. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the last two genera in Indonesia. Antifungal assay of two myxobacterial isolates Corallococcus KR39b.5 and SLU3.3 extracted using ethyl acetate against F. odoratissimum InaCC F936 and F. odoratissimum InaCC F946 revealed that both were capable of inhibiting the fungal growth up to 40%. The results suggested the possibility of utilizing myxobacteria as biocontrol agents against pathogenic F. odoratissimum.
Characterization and Identification of Xylanolytic Bacteria Stenotrophomonas sp. EL-8 Isolated from Seagrass Substrates in Enggano Island
Authors: Sipriyadi  , Darwis W , Wibowo R H , Farestiani E
Published: March 2020

Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes that degraded xylan into xylooligosaccharide and xylose. Nowadays, the xylanases play a major important role in the industrial products, in the field of paper, pulp, food, beverage, pharmaceutical and animal feed. This study was to characterize and optimize xylanase produced by Stenotrophomonas sp. EL-8 isolated from the seagrass substrates in Enggano Island. The seagrass substrates were collected from Banjar Sari Beach, Enggano Island. Isolation of bacteria from seagrass substrates using 0.5% beechwood xylan agar medium. The isolates were screened by morphological characters. Colonies which produced clear zone were presumed as xylanolytic bacteria furthermore they were selected for determination of xylanase enzyme activity. The selected potential xylanolytic isolate was identify based on 16S rRNA. The results of this study showed that a total of 22 bacteria were isolated. Based on clear zone screening, EL-8 isolate indicated more potentially than the other 21 isolates. The crude enzyme production of EL-8 showed the highest activity at 18 hours incubation with the enzyme activity of 0.831 U/mL. This crude enzyme optimally worked at pH 5, temperature 45 °C with the enzyme activity 2.836 U/mL. EL-8 isolate has a close relationship with Stenotrophomonas sp. EL-8 based on 16S rRNA gene identification.
Substrate utilization of ethanologenic yeasts co-cultivation of Pichia kudriavzevii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rahmadhani N , Astuti R I , Meryandini A
Published: March 2020

Bioethanol is one of the renewable alternative energies and can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Bioethanol is produced from a fermentation process, which is assisted by microbial yeast groups (ethanologenic yeast). Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii is capable of converting both carbon source pentose and hexose sugars to ethanol. In the previous study, P. kudriavzevii ethanol stress - tolerant mutant strains T5 was successfully constructed via directed mutagenesis thus suggesting their potential as fermentation agent. One strategy to increase ethanol production is by applying co-cultivation techniques. Thus, this study aimed to examine the ability of sugar substrate utilization by ethanologenic yeast S. cerevisiae and P. kudriavzeviiat various inoculum ratio. The results of the study indicated that no antagonist interaction detected between S. cerevisiae with all of P. kudriavzevii, both mutant and wild type strains. Based on sugar consumption analysis, both yeast isolates could be used in ethanol production simultaneously to maximize mixed substrate utilization. Our study revealed that the best sugar consumption found on co-cultivation of S. cerevisiae with wild type P. kudriavzevii T (wt) in 1: 1 inoculum ratio.
Analysis of mutant of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Kennebec
Authors: Suharsono  , Nurandinie D R , Tjahjoleksono A
Published: March 2020

Potatoes are horticultural commodity that have high economic value. Kennebec is one potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar suitable for potato chips, therefore it is able be used as genetic resource to develop superior potato cultivars. By gamma ray irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy to cv. Kennebec, one mutant clone, i.e. clone 53.1, had been obtained. This research had an objective to analyse the clone 53.1 as a mutant of potato cv Kennebec. Molecular analysis by RAPD marker using 9 primers namely OPA 1, OPA 2, OPA 5, OPA 7, OPA 8, OPA 9, OPA 10, OPB 8 and OPB 18 showed that the mutations occured at all nine loci and 36.67% alleles had mutated. The highest level of mutation occurred at the OPA 2 locus. Mutations also significantly affected morphological characters in the form of plant height at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP), tuber diameter, tuber number, tuber weight, shoot weight, root weight, color of tuber eye and color of basal stem of sprouting tuber. The plant height and the tuber productivity of clone 53.1 as a mutant are higher than that of potato cv Kennebec as an original cultivar.
Molecular analysis of mutant of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Atlantic
Authors: Mardiyah E , Samipak S , Suharsono
Published: March 2020

Gamma irradiation has been applied to potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) cultivar Atlantic and IPB CP1 cultivar is one of mutant clones had been obtained. RAPD was applied as molecular marker to analyze the difference between the potato cv IPB CP1 and cultivar Atlantic. A total of 24 primers composed of single random primers and combination of two random primers were used to amplify DNA fragments from the genomic DNA of potato cultivar IPB CP1 and Atlantic. These primers are considered as loci and the amplicon generated by this primer is considered as allele. The number of allele indicated by the number of amplified DNA fragment ranged from 3 to 16 alleles depending on the locus represented by the primer. The combination of two random primers produced the highest polymorphic fragments. The difference between potato cultivar IPB CP1 and Atlantic is determined by 4 loci among 24 loci of RAPD, as OPA-02, OPA-02 + OPA-03, OPA-02 + OPA-07, and OPA- 01 + OPA-13. Locus OPA-02 + OPA-03 contains the highest genetic difference with 2 polymorphic fragments (22.22 %). This research had succesfully detected molecular difference between potato cv Atlantic and IPB CP1 as its mutant using RAPD marker.
The mRNA expression and DNA methylation level of fibronectin 1 (FN1) gene encoding focal adhesion molecule in endometrial endometriosis
Authors: Deraya I E , Hestiantoro A , Muharam R , Marwali M L S , Darmawi  , Asmarinah
Published: March 2020

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissues located outside the uterine cavity. The expression of focal adhesion genes including FN1 gene increased in endometriosis. Epigenetic factors play a role in the alteration of expression that lead to the pathological conditions. This study aimed to analyze the mRNA expression and promoter methylation level of FN1 gene as an epigenetic mechanism in endometriosis. Forty of the total samples from endometrial patients and normal were used. The DNA and RNA were isolated, DNA was converted using sodium bisulfite procedure, amplified by MSP method. Promoter methylation level was determined by intensity of the bands that arose in gel electrophoresis using ImageJ software. The RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA and was amplified using RT-qPCR. The mRNA expression level of FN1 gene was higher in endometrial endometriosis compared to normal, but not significant statistically (p=0,63). There was a significant difference methylation level of FN1 gene in endometrial endometriosis compared to normal endometrium (p=0.022). There was positive correlation between promoter methylation level to its mRNA expression in endometrial endometriosis (r=0.080; p=0.736). DNA methylation alteration in promoter FN1 gene was not to be caused by the increasing of mRNA expression.
In vitro selection to increase Huanglongbing tolerance of citrusderived from in vitro breeding
Authors: Kosmiatin M , Martasari C , Yunimar  , Akhdiya A , Husni A
Published: March 2020

Until now, Huanglongbing-HLB disease caused by a simple bacterium (Ca. Liberibacter spp) and distributed by Asian citrus psyllid vector (Diaphorina citri) and clonal propagation (grafting), was a major challenge in the national citrus production even almost all citrus nation production center in Asia, Africa also at the USA. This disease attack at phloem vessels by callouses forming that covering plasmodesmata and could be crop failure. There have been no citrus varieties reported resistant to HLB attack. Plant ploidy increase derived from in vitro breeding through somatic hybridization and endosperm culture expected to increase the plant’s defense system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of polyploidy plant to HLB attack. Tolerance of in vitro shoot of citrus regenerated from protoplast fusion (Citrus nobilis + C. unshiu) and culture of tangerine (C. nobilis) endosperm were screened by HLB pathogen suspense as selecting an agent and local lime as a negative control (HLB susceptible citrus). In vitro selection result that in vitro shoots derived from somatic hybridization shows resistance increase to HLB and characterize by recoverability after were selected.
Phase Transformation in ξ-Al-Ni-Rh Approximant Phase Induced by Electron Irradiation by In-situ TEM
Authors: Zhai Yadi , Chen Yanhui
Published: March 2020

Electron beam irradiation induced phase transition processes were studied on crystalline approximant phase ξ-Al-Ni-Rh in Al75Ni15Rh10 alloys. Approximant phase to amorphous transition phase occurred under different density of electron beam irradiation. Phase transition and separation occurred in a comparatively lower density of electron beam due to defects modulation and defects play an important role in this process. Higher density electron beam induces hollow holes with amorphous phase in the rim of the hole in the sample and face centered structure transition phase with parameter of 2.2 Å appears between the amorphous phase and ξ-phase. The appearance of the face centered structure indicates that it is the most possible shortest-range order in amorphous phase.
Effect of ZrB2 Addition on Sintering Temperature and Densification of Vacuum-Fused NiCr/WC Cermet Coating
Authors: Yu Z X , Meng J , Sheng X C , Le J
Published: March 2020

NiCr/WC cermet coatings were fabricated by vacuum fusion sintering on the surface of nickel-base alloy at 1220 °C. The sintering temperature, densification mechanism and oxidation resistances of the cermet coating with ZrB2 additive were investigated using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis method, theoretical calculation of phase diagram with the FactSage software, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The sintering temperature of NiCr/WC cermet coating with ZrB2 additive decreased 123 °C and obtained the dense cermet coatings. The densification mechanism of NiCr/WC cermet coating added ZrB2 is mainly attributed to the reaction occurred between Ni and ZrB2 and the ample liquid phases formed at 1220 °C. The surface of the WC particles is coated by CrxCy and surrounded by NiCr alloy result in the better oxidation resistance of the cermet coating added with ZrB2.
Experimental Research of Activated Carbon on Adsorption of Oil Vapor
Authors: Zhang Hongxing , Lin Y , Yin S M , Shan X W
Published: March 2020

The adsorption properties of pillared activated carbon (PAC) on the oil vapor were studied through physical characterization and the dynamic adsorption measurement. The PAC was a typical microporous material with the well-developed interstitial structure and appropriate to be used as adsorbent for recovering of oil vapor. The influence factors of the ambient moisture, the inlet concentration, and supplying velocity on the adsorption amount of oil vapor were investigated using simulation device. During the first adsorption stage, the adsorption amount of oil vapor and the adsorption layer temperature increased remarkably with time, while the adsorbed vapor was relatively difficult to remove as using the vacuum pumping. A competitive adsorption between water and the hydrocarbon molecules reduced the adsorption performance of the PAC. When the supplying velocity increased, the adsorption amount of oil vapor on the PAC decreased for the shortening of contact time.With the increase of inlet concentration, the adsorption amount of oil vapor increased, while the adsorption time decreased.
Electrical Resistivity and Structure of Cu-Pb Alloy during Cooling Process
Authors: Hou J X , Zhang H J , Zhang S H
Published: March 2020

The variations of electrical resistivity and cooling curve for monotectic Cu-Pb alloy have been measured from liquid state to ambient temperature. The structural transitions were discussed during cooling process. And the correlations between the variations of electrical resistivity, heat and structural transitions were also investigated. The linear relationship between the electrical resistivity and temperature curves in liquid state means there is no structural change in liquid Cu-Pb alloy. And during the solidification process, the electrical resistivity and cooling curves change with the occurrence of new phases.
Equal Load Carrying Capacity Design of Butt Joints Based on Plastic Limit Loads
Authors: Guo Junli , Dong Zhibo , Fang Hongyuan
Published: March 2020

In order to reduce the weld size of weld joints designed based on equal load carrying capacity (ELCC) further, the shape of under-matching butt joints is designed with the parameter of plastic limit loads. The realization condition of ELCC is that the plastic limit loads of the weld equals to that of the base metal. Through analysing the tensile/bending load carrying capacity of weld zone, the weld shape was determined, and the method of tensile/bending ELCC design for butt joints is given. The ELCC joints are designed and their elastoplastic finite element analyses are carried out to verify their load carrying capacities. The tensile ELCC joint fractures at the base metal in the mode of overall yield fracture and its load carrying capacity reaches the tensile strength of the base metal. The load carrying capacity, deformability and stiffness of the bending ELCC joint are better than that of the base metal. The results indicate that the joints with acceptable size meet the requirements of ELCC, which is of great significance to the application of ELCC joints.
Spectral Analysis on the Nickel Hydroxyl and Deuteroxyl Nitrate Powders
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Fu Jianlong , He Songya , Meng Huamao
Published: March 2020

Infrared absorption (4000-400 cm−1) and Raman (4000-50 cm−1) spectra of the magnetic geometrically frustrated compound nickel hydroxyl nitrate (Ni2(OH)3NO3), and incompletely deuterized nickel hydroxyl/deuteroxyl nitrate (Ni2(OH/D)3NO3) powders, which were synthesized successfully by the hydrothermal methods, have been measured at room temperature and analyzed in four spectral regions (the [OH/D] and [NO3] functional group regions, the [OH/D] and [NO3] correlation peak region and the Ni-related fingerprint region) by referring to the spectral assignments of the layered β-Ni(OH)2 and β-Ni2(OH)3Cl. The spectral analysis can be beneficial to analyzing their low temperature spectral properties, which can help to understand the underlying physics of their exotic quantum phenomena at low temperatures from the spectroscopic point of view.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fluorosilicone Triblock Copolymers
Authors: Cheng Xitao , Tang Xuan , Huang Fangfang
Published: March 2020

Novel fluorosilicone triblock copolymers poly (2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly (2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate) (PHFBMA-b-PDMS-b-PHFBMA) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The optimum reaction conditions were also studied in the work. The structure and composition of the copolymers were analyzed and identified by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effects of the fluorine and silicone content on the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of prepared triblock copolymers were also investigated. The results showed that the prepared triblock copolymers had excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic properties.
Creep Properties of 12Cr1MoVG Material at High Temperatures
Authors: Pan Jinping , Zhu Chaoming , Zhu Xinwei , Tan Lianjiang
Published: March 2020

Heat-resistant steels play a pivotal role in the construction of boilers and high-temperature pipes. Herein, the creep properties of 12Cr1MoVG steel at high temperatures have been studied. Creep tests at high temperatures over a 20000 h period were done for 12Cr1MoVG steel samples. Creep curves were examined to unveil the creep properties of the 12Cr1MoVG steel. Moreover, Manson-Haferd model (M-H model) was chosen to study the creep behavior, whose results showed that the model prediction data were in perfect accordance with those from creep experiments. This work provides a new perspective for modeling and evaluation of long-lasting creep properties under the condition of high temperatures.
Electronic Structure and Polarization of NaMgF3/NaCaF3 Superlattices: Insight from First-Principles
Authors: Sun Xuewei , Wang Guiqiu , Yang Kun
Published: March 2020

Employing First-principles calculations, we have studied the electronic structure and polarization properties of the fluoroperovskite NaMgF3/NaCaF3 superlattices. The in-plane lattice constants of the superlattices are found to lie between those of the bulks. The Berry phase calculations show that the polarization of the NaCaF3 bulk is much larger than that of the NaMgF3, and the polarization of the NaMgF3/NaCaF3 superlattices can be tuned by altering the stacking periodicity. The band structure dependence of the stacking period is also investigated.
Charcteristics and Mechanism Study of the CuO/γ-Al2O3 Modified by CeO2 and NaCl
Authors: Zhang Qi-Long , Dong Yong , Cui Lin
Published: March 2020

The CuO/γ-Al2O3 absorbent was modified by CeO2 and NaCl, and its desulfurization performance was studied experimentally in a fixed bed reactor. The experimental results show that the adsorption capacity of sulfur dioxide is significantly improved and the adsorption saturation time of sulfur dioxide is significantly extended with CeO2 and NaCl addition. The sulfur dioxide adsorption saturation time of the absorbent can be extended from 56 minutes to 78 minutes at 400°C, When the CeO2 loading is 3%, and can be further extended to 104 min, with 2% CeO2 and 5% NaCl loading. The improvement mechanism of the desulfurization performance of the modified CuO/γ-Al2O3 can be attributed to the promotion of the uniform distribution of the active components in the carrier and the optimization of the pore structure of the absorbent.
Highly Efficient Solar Hydrogen Evolution by Photoelectro-Chemical Water Splitting over ZnFe2O4-ZnO Heterojunction
Authors: Yang Meijun , Zhang Yan , Cheng Rui , Sun Jun , Peng Yanhua , Yu Jianqiang
Published: March 2020

ZnFe2O4-ZnO heterojunction thin-films were fabricated by the composite photocatalyst, which was first synthesized by a freeze-drying process and followed by a simple chemical bath way in the condition of low temperature. The ZnFe2O4-ZnO heterojunction thin-film exhibited high efficiency to get hydrogen with photoelectrochemical method under visible-light irradiation. The property with photoinduced charge-transfer of p-type ZnFe2O4 was improved significantly by Cooperating with n-type ZnO. The heterojunction at the interface between the ZnO and ZnFe2O4 efficiently reduced the recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, and thus increasing the lifetime of charge carriers and enhancing the phototo-current efficiency of the ZnFe2O4-ZnO heterojunctions. It was found the heterostructure between two different kinds of semiconductors is important in affecting the dynamic properties of the photo-to-current conversion efficiency and their photogenerated charge carriers.