bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parenting Styles and Gender Differences Among Primary School Pupils with Dyslexia in Rivers State: Implications for Sustainable Development
Authors: Isiguzo Blessing Chioma
Published: October 2024

The study investigated parenting styles and gender differences among dyslexia primary school pupils in Rivers State. The study adopted the ex-post-facto research design. The sample for the study was 136 dyslexic primary school pupils who were selected using purposive sampling technique. An instrument titled ‘Dyslexia Scale for Primary Pupils (DSPP)’ was adapted and used for this study. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.76.Two research questions as well as two corresponding hypotheses were formulated and used for the study. T-test associated with Regression analysis was used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Variance associated with regression were used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) significantly influence dyslexia among primary school pupils in Rivers State, whereas gender differences did not. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that, teachers should make optimal use of meaningful learning materials in teaching as this will enhance intrinsic motivation in dyslexics and make learning more interesting. Moreso, workshops on dyslexic children needs to be held among school teachers in Rivers State to help them understand these unique learners the more and thus modify their learning needs appropriately.
The Role of Animation Technology in Fostering Multicultural Understanding Between Malaysia and China
Authors: Subri Shafilla , Bing Mo , Fanghai Gong , Qihong Zhong
Published: October 2024

Contemporary society is globalised and has entered the Information Era. The Alpha Generation is proficient in technology. Over the past few decades, numerous multicultural communication initiatives have occurred in Malaysia and China, with Chinese animation technology playing significant roles. Despite advancements in its animation technologies, China continues to encounter obstacles in intercultural communication initiatives in Malaysia and China. This research is to investigate the commercial potential of Chinese animation for facilitating multicultural exchange activities in Malaysia and to examine ways for developing Chinese animation to capture market share in Malaysia through these activities. This research utilised qualitative methodologies, including interviews, observations, and desk research based on secondary data. Fifteen individuals (seven Chinese and nine Malaysian) were randomly recruited online and completed the online survey. The gathered data underwent content analysis. The interviews with participants from both countries revealed that hand-drawn animation, conventional animation, digital animation technologies (both 2D and 3D), and VR/AR technology were utilised in the post-2010 multicultural events in Malaysia and China. Nevertheless, creative animation approaches encountered obstacles, including the acceptance of local MarketWatch of professional competence, misconceptions arising from multiculturalism, and difficulties stemming from technical proficiency and resource constraints. Initiatives must be undertaken to enhance the training of animation professionals and incorporate emerging technology, including artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques. Globalisation, the new generation, and emerging technologies have influenced innovative animation techniques in multicultural exchange initiatives. This research holds substantial practical importance. This will benefit policymakers, practitioners, and animation designers
Factors Influencing Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Performance: A Scoping Review towards Learning Optimization Directives
Authors: Cullano Jovy C.
Published: October 2024

This scoping review determined the factors contributing to the mathematics anxiety and its effect on the mathematics performance among Filipino high school students. This aimed to describe the extent and nature of the literature on math anxiety and math performance, and to identify gaps to guide future directions in Math teaching and learning optimization in the Philippines. The keywords used to search existing evidence on Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Semantic Scholar, Crossref, and Web of Science databases were mathematics anxiety, mathematics performance, factors, high school, and Philippines. A review of 13 out of 950 published studies in indexed journals from 2014 to 2024, in the English language, were selected for this scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Of the 13 included studies, a number of studies were published between 2014-2019 (n=5, 38%) and 2020-2024 (n=8, 62%). There were 10 (77%) quantitative, 1 (8%) qualitative article, and 2 (15%) mixed methods, with sample sizes ranging from 8 to 379. It is concluded that there is an inverse relationship between Math anxiety and Math performance – the higher the math anxiety level, the poorer the math performance. Furthermore, there are multidimensional factors contributing to Math Anxiety and Performance including student factors, teacher factors, home environment and relationship, Learning environment, subject factors, cultural orientation, and Peer factor. Identifying the most common contributory factors is crucial in developing targeted interventions. An evidence-based dedicated learning optimization plan is needed to provide information that will guide the teachers for Math performance enhancements.
Unlocking Language Potential: Empowering Esl Learners Through Poetry-Based Activities
Authors: Saad Sharina , Hassan Nor Asni Syahriza  Abu , Rahman Hartini Abdul , Din Mazura Mat
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the role of poetry-based activities in empowering English as a Second Language (ESL) learners, focusing on their motivation, autonomy, linguistic competence, and creative expression. The problem addressed is the insufficient engagement and effectiveness of traditional language instruction, which often fails to foster deeper linguistic and creative skills. The study aims to examine how integrating poetry into ESL education can promote learner-centered learning and improve language proficiency. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a questionnaire to gather data from 70 secondary school ESL learners in Malaysia. The questionnaire measured the impact of poetry-based activities on motivation, engagement, language competence, and learner autonomy. Findings from the study indicate that poetry-based activities significantly enhanced learners’ motivation, with participants showing increased confidence in language use, creative expression, and public speaking. The data also revealed that students were more autonomous and engaged in self-directed learning, confirming the empowering potential of creative language activities. These results align with the literature, which emphasizes the benefits of using poetry as a tool to nurture creativity, critical thinking, and language skills. The study implies that incorporating creative, poetry-based methods into ESL education can address some of the challenges in traditional language teaching. The findings suggest practical applications for educators and policymakers in promoting a more engaging, student-centered learning environment. Future research should explore the long-term effects of poetry-based activities on ESL learners and their potential to be expanded to other educational contexts.
Enhancing Business Decision-Making with Advanced Data Visualization: A Sectoral Comparative Analysis
Authors: Ayoola Israel
Published: October 2024

In today’s data-driven business landscape, advanced data visualization techniques have emerged as critical tools for enhancing decision-making processes across various industries. This comparative study explores the impact of these techniques in sectors such as finance, healthcare, retail, and energy. The research highlights how interactive dashboards, heat maps, 3D visualizations, and geospatial tools facilitate real-time data interpretation, enabling decision-makers to identify trends, patterns, and anomalies more efficiently. By examining the adoption and application of data visualization tools, the study provides insights into how businesses across sectors leverage these technologies to optimize operations, forecast trends, and mitigate risks. Furthermore, it discusses the cognitive and technological frameworks that make data visualization effective and the challenges organizations face in implementing these tools. The findings demonstrate that while advanced visualization tools significantly enhance decision-making capabilities, industries must adapt to evolving technologies and address issues related to data privacy, security, and overreliance on simplified representations.
Assessing Visitor Satisfaction with Facilities in Sarawak’s Totally Protected Areas: A Study of Bako and Niah National Parks
Authors: Nizam Aiman-Rasyid , Gala Mong Sylvia , Muhamad Ariff Nor Rima , Abd Rashid Ahmad Faiz
Published: October 2024

This study examines the level of visitors’ satisfaction with the facilities within selected totally protected areas (TPAs) in Sarawak. For this study, the national parks chosen are Bako National Park, Kuching, and Niah National Park. The visitors’ satisfaction level with the available facilities within the studied TPAs was assessed based on their feedback on the information displayed at the respective TPAs, the hygiene of the facilities available in the TPAs, and the signage (for safety measures) in the TPAs which is based on the Likert scale. The study uses three consecutive years of data from the customer satisfaction level report obtained from Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC). The result of this study reflects the visitors’ opinions on their expectations of the TPAs’ facilities. It was found that the visitors are satisfied with all three components, with room for improvement. They are most satisfied with the safety signage, followed by the information displayed and the hygiene aspect. This study will aid the management in managing the TPAs in the future to plan and decide what are facilities to be provided to the visitors and how those facilities can attract more visitors to uplift the TPA’s image.
Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (PCK) in Problem Solving of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Tellermo Efren S.
Published: October 2024

This descriptive research aimed to determine the level of pedagogical and content knowledge (PCK) and the least-learned competencies in problem-solving Heuristics. The respondents were the pre-service teachers who have taught mathematics subjects during their practice teaching where purposive sampling was employed. The result showed that BSED math majors have low while the BEED have very low knowledge on problem – solving Heuristics. The most common strategy used by the pre-service teachers in solving problems were algebraic approach or using equation, making an organized list and drawing a diagram. In terms of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, the BSED has low pedagogical knowledge, high content knowledge and average pedagogical content knowledge while the BEED has low pedagogical knowledge, average content knowledge, and low pedagogical content knowledge. As a whole, the pre-service teachers have low pedagogical knowledge, average content knowledge, and low pedagogical content knowledge. Pre-service teachers need to be competent in their ability to teach mathematics subject to various classes of students specifically on problem solving. Knowledge on content and pedagogy has a significant role during the teaching and learning process. Thus, the pre-serve teachers must have deep mathematical understanding and adequate conceptual and procedural knowledge of the different problem-solving Heuristics so that they can transmit this to their students when they are in the field.
“Fostering Employee Well-Being: The Role of Occupational Safety and Health in Modern Working Policies”
Authors: Halim Norhafizah Abdul , Salleh Shazwani Mohd , Sobry Suheil Che Sobry , Abdul Halim Mohamad Khairuddin
Published: October 2024

In today’s rapidly evolving work environments, effectively addressing employee well-being through strategic working policies and robust Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) practices has become increasingly crucial. Hence, this study explores the impact of working policies and OSH practices on employee well-being, aiming to understand how these factors contribute to job satisfaction, stress reduction, and overall health. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design, the research involved 200 employees from various sectors in Malaysia, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected via an online survey, which included validated questionnaires to assess working policies, OSH practices, and employee well-being. The analysis, performed using SPSS, employed descriptive and inferential statistics to examine the relationships among these variables. The findings reveal that effective working policies, such as flexible work arrangements, and comprehensive OSH practices directly enhance employee well-being by reducing stress and preventing injuries. Moreover, working policies moderate the relationship between OSH practices and employee well-being, especially in remote and hybrid work settings. Employee well-being also mediates the impact of working policies on organizational productivity, suggesting that healthier employees contribute to better organizational performance. The study highlighting the importance of integrating supportive work environments and safety measures to improve employee outcomes. The implications of these findings are significant for organizations aiming to enhance employee satisfaction and productivity. By prioritizing flexible working policies and comprehensive OSH practices, organizations can foster a more supportive work environment. However, the study’s limitations, including its cross-sectional design and sample size, indicate the need for future research to explore these relationships longitudinally and across diverse contexts. This study contributes valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners committed to optimizing work environments for better employee well-being.
Enhancing INCOTERMS Understanding among Undergraduate Students: The Impact of Innovative Teaching Strategies in Global Logistics Education
Authors: Omar Emi Normalina , Jaafar Harlina Suzana , Omar Heizal Hezry
Published: October 2024

In global logistics education, a thorough understanding of International Commercial Terms (INCOTERMS) is vital for students preparing for careers in international trade. However, many undergraduate students struggle to fully comprehend and apply these terms, often due to traditional teaching methodologies. This study explores the impact of innovative teaching strategies, such as gamification, case-based learning, creative expression, and virtual simulations, on improving INCOTERMS comprehension. Using an intervention-based approach with 30 undergraduate students enrolled in a logistics program, the research employed interactive teaching methods including quizzes, games, and hands-on activities. Results indicated significant improvements in student engagement and understanding of INCOTERMS, highlighting the efficacy of diverse, active teaching strategies in global logistics education. These findings underscore the importance of integrating interactive approaches to foster deeper comprehension and prepare students for real-world applications of INCOTERMS in the logistics industry.
The Management of Zakat Institutions in Malaysia: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Saidon Intan Marzita , Shanmugam Jaya Kumar , Osman Mohammad Asri
Published: October 2024

Managing a substantial amount of zakat and aligning them to a philanthropic function exposes zakat institutions to intense scrutiny. Zakat institutions must improve their functioning to help the poor and enhance confidence among all relevant stakeholders. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This review aims to elucidate prevalent research themes, synthesise previous findings, and propose avenues for future inquiry in this domain. Drawing upon twenty articles extracted from the Scopus database, the review identifies three principal research clusters: quality and efficiency, management practices, and reporting mechanisms. Key findings for all studies of these three clusters were highlighted, and potential areas of future research were proposed. This review makes a significant contribution to the zakat institutions and scholars as it provides a better understanding of the current state of research related to the management of zakat institutions in Malaysia.
Emerging Issues of IPR in Developing and Under Developed Countries
Authors: Kumar Khagendra , Jawed Salim
Published: October 2024

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are pivotal in driving innovation, creativity and economic growth globally. However,  they also pose significant challenges, particularly for developing and underdeveloped nations. IPR  can hinder access to essential goods, such as medications, educational materials, and agricultural technologies, exacerbating  inequalities and stifling innovation. The monopolistic control of IPR by developed countries often leads to economic dependency and limits knowledge sharing crucial for addressing global challenges  like climate change and public health. To mitigate these issues, a multifaceted approach is required, including strengthening legal framework, empowering communities, promoting technology transfer, and fostering international cooperation. Reforming the current IPR regime to ensure equitable access and benefit-sharing can harness the potential of intellectual property for sustainable development and global prosperity.
Fabrication and Characterisation of Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Polyamide Biocomposites for Railway Sleeper Applications
Authors: Mukaddas Ahmad Musa , Abdul Aziz Farah Nora Aznieta , Abdan Khalina , Shafi Ayu Rafiqah
Published: October 2024

Railway passing traffic, speed, and load have significantly increased over the years, prompting industry stakeholders and researchers to seek an alternative sleeper material that can demonstrate its ability to potentially possess higher in-service bending resistance and be environmentally friendly and durable. To address these needs and due to environmental concerns, kenaf-reinforced polyamide has become of great importance. However, they could not be applied as railway track components because of the non-availability of their performance in this regard. In bridging this gap, this paper focused on fabricating and characterising six different formulations of treated kenaf fibre (TKF, 0–50% at 10% loading interval) reinforced polyamide biocomposites for railway sleeper applications. The result showed that the incorporation of TKF influenced the behaviour of the polyamide with respect to its water absorption, load-carrying capacity, and thermal stability. The result further demonstrated that the load-bearing capacity peaked at TKF 40 wt.%, surpassing conventional wooden and concrete sleepers. However, its water absorption (64-days saturation) behaviour increased significantly between 11%–21% as TKF rose from 10–50 wt.%, as expected due to TKF hydrophilic characteristics. On the other hand, TKF thermal stability was hampered beyond approximately 220°C for all TKF percentages. Kenaf fibre-reinforced polyamide biocomposites have demonstrated their potential for railway sleeper applications as their load-bearing capacity exceeded the minimum recommended AREMA specifications. Despite the milestone achieved, water absorption of kenaf fibre remained high. The development of sustainable and effective materials to meet the changing needs of contemporary railway infrastructure is greatly aided by the insights gained from this study.
Influence of Strategic Customer Retention Practices on the Performance of Automotive Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Kaburi Caroline Makena , Kihara Allan
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The main focus of the study was to establish how strategic customer retention practices influences performance of automotive firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study specifically focused on establishing the influence of customer support programs, technological advancements, and strategic communication practices and customer’s motivation programs on performance of automotive firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Expectancy Theory, Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Communication Theory and Customer Service Theory.
Methodology: The study employed a descriptive survey research design and targeted 18 franchised automotive firms registered by Kenya Motor Industry Association. The unit of observation comprised of employees in strategic, marketing and IT departments. A total of 80 respondents were involved in the study. Primary data was utilized in the study and was gathered through 5-point Likert scale structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted in analyzing the collected data. The statistics were generated by help of SPSS software and results presented in form of tables and figures. The study conducted a pilot test before the main study on two randomly selected automotive firms to assess the reliability and validity of questionnaires. Respondents involved in the pilot study was not be included in the main study.
Findings: The study established that strategic customer retention practices accounts for 61.8% in variations of performance of automotive firms in Nairobi County.  The study further established that strategic customer retention practices comprising of customer support programs, technological advancements, and strategic communication practices and customer’s motivation programs positively and significantly influences performance of the firm. This was depicted by beta values of 0.508, 0.324, 0.216, and 0.196 and significant values of 0.000, 0.000, 0.007, and 0.012.
Unique Contribution to theory, Policy and Practice: The study concluded that enhancing the strategic customer retention practices leads to enhanced performance levels of the firms. The study provided recommendations to the management of the automotive firms to enhance aspects of customer support programs, technological advancements, and strategic communication practices and customer’s motivation programs since the practices leads to enhanced performance levels of the firms.
Integrating AI, Machine Learning, and IoT in Bioinformatics Innovations in Biotech and Medical Research
Authors: Pandikumar S , M O Pallavi
Published: October 2024

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the field of bioinformatics, opening new frontiers in biotechnology and healthcare. These emerging technologies have enabled the analysis of vast biological datasets and the development of personalized, data-driven medical solutions. This book presents an in-depth exploration of the synergy between AI, ML, and IoT in bioinformatics, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of how these advancements are reshaping the future of medical research and biotechnology. Through a detailed examination of case studies, practical applications, and emerging trends, readers will gain valuable insights into the ways AI, ML, and IoT are impacting personalized medicine, drug discovery, healthcare monitoring, and more. We also highlight the ethical considerations and challenges, such as bias in AI algorithms and the need for robust data protection mechanisms, ensuring a balanced and thoughtful perspective on these transformative technologies.
The Role of AI and IoT in Seed Harvest and Agriculture Biotechnology
Authors: Sehar Allwin Ebinesar Jacob Samuel , Sivashankar Shilpa , Shareef M Ismail , CV Pramod Kumar , R Ranjitha , Maga Shreya , srirangam V Lalith Srivatsa
Published: October 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing agriculture, particularly in seed harvest and biotechnology. These technologies enhance precision farming by offering data-driven solutions for crop monitoring, disease detection, and resource management. This chapter explores how AI and IoT optimize seed harvest, improve crop yields, and promote sustainable farming. AI analyzes data on soil health, weather, and crops, aiding better decisions in planting, irrigation, and fertilization, while IoT devices provide real-time environmental data. The synergy between AI and IoT improves resource allocation and crop management. Examples from the Netherlands and India demonstrate their success in boosting yields and controlling pests. Despite challenges like high costs and technical expertise, ongoing advancements will support wider adoption. In conclusion, AI and IoT significantly improve agricultural efficiency, productivity, and sustainability, contributing to global food security.
Smart Healthcare: Integrating Artificial Intelligence for Better Patient Outcomes
Authors: Sivashankar Shilpa , Sehar Allwin Ebinesar Jacob Samuel , M Ismail Shareef , Nair Aswathy V , C S Lakshmi , D Moulya , G Vidhya
Published: October 2024

The merging of artificial intelligence (AI) with healthcare in recent years has signaled the beginning of a revolutionary period in patient care and medical practice. The integration of AI technologies in the context of smart healthcare is examined in this chapter, with a focus on how these technologies might improve patient outcomes. We start by describing the basic ideas of artificial intelligence (AI) and how they relate to many aspects of healthcare, such as treatment planning, diagnosis, customized medicine, and operational effectiveness. The topic also includes the latest developments in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including predictive analytics, natural language processing, and machine learning algorithms, as well as their useful applications in healthcare environments. A thorough analysis of case studies demonstrates how AI-driven solutions are increasing the precision of diagnoses, enhancing treatment plans, and simplifying administrative procedures. The chapter also discusses the difficulties and constraints associated with integrating AI, such as the need for strong legal frameworks and validation, algorithmic bias, and data privacy issues. We can provide more proactive and individualized patient care by incorporating AI into healthcare systems, which will eventually improve patient outcomes and streamline the delivery of healthcare. This chapter offers a nuanced perspective on the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to alter healthcare practices through a thorough analysis of current advances and empirical data. It also highlights future prospects for research and development in the field of smart healthcare.
Identifying Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Jotawar Rajendra M , Patange Sonal , M Yashaswini
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death for women in underdeveloped nations, where early detection and treatment are crucial. This study explores the effectiveness of various machine-learning techniques in breast cancer detection through image processing, including CNNs, transfer learning models (AlexNet, Inception V3), SVMs, and traditional algorithms like Extreme Gradient Boosting and Naive Bayesian classifiers. Optimization techniques such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are integrated to enhance performance. A comprehensive literature survey highlights existing methodologies and achievements, providing insights for future research in this critical domain.
Leveraging Machine Learning to Enhance Injury Prevention Strategies for Fast Bowlers
Authors: Pandikumar S , Menaka C , M Arun
Published: October 2024

Fast bowlers in cricket face a high risk of injury due to the immense physical strain associated with their role, often resulting in prolonged absences and performance declines. This study aims to develop a predictive model for fast bowler injuries using the Random Forest algorithm. Key parameters such as workload, biomechanics, fitness levels, injury history, and the critical factor of the last ball bowled before injury were analyzed to detect patterns linked to injury. The Random Forest model was applied, leveraging these variables to provide high predictive accuracy. Model performance was evaluated demonstrating the efficacy of this approach in predicting injuries before they occur. The results highlight the significance of precise workload management and the critical moments leading up to injury, offering valuable insights for coaching staff and medical teams.
Monkeypox: An Emerging Zoonotic Threat - A Comprehensive Overview with Nursing Care Guidelines
Authors: Venkatesan Latha , Deepak  , Trivedi Mukesh Chandra , Sajithra S
Published: October 2024

Monkeypox, a zoonotic viral disease, has recently spread beyond its endemic regions in Central and West Africa, prompting global concern. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and transmission of the virus, focusing on its recent emergence in India. The Indian government responded swiftly with public health measures, including surveillance, testing, and isolation protocols. While India's monkeypox cases remain low, ongoing public education and preparedness in healthcare are vital to preventing future outbreaks. Nurses play a critical role in this response, ensuring proper care, reducing stigma, and helping to mitigate the spread of the virus through community engagement.
Indole Propionic Acid (IPA), A Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite, in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) Infection: A Case Control Study
Authors: Maulina Novi , Hayati Zinatul , Hasballah Kartini , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: October 2024

Introduction: A metabolomics study revealed that the tryptophan (Trp) pathway is upregulated in tuberculosis (TB) infection. Indole propionic acid (IPA) is a gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite with antimycobacterial properties through TrpE inhibition and as ligand for AhR in in vitro and in vivo studies. TB infection is associated with gut dysbiosis. However, plasma IPA levels and related factors in active TB patients have not yet been explored. This study aimed to determine the differences and correlations between plasma IPA levels and patient characteristics (age, gender, BMI and GeneXpert result), IPA-producing gut microbiota (Clostridium sporogenes, Lactobacillus sp., and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius), and IFN-γ concentrations in active TB patients and healthy subjects. Materials and methods: A case-control study was performed in 29 active TB patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) in Aceh, Indonesia. The plasma IPA and IFN-γ levels were measured by ELISA, and the relative abundance of gut microbiota was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results and discussion: Increased plasma IPA levels (median (IQR) of 22.2 pmol/L (21.3 - 23.9) vs. 18.9 pmol/L (17 - 22.8), p 0.000) were associated with active TB according to the adjusted model (AOR 1.36 (95 % CI 0.37 - 5.1)). Increase of plasma IPA level in higher mycobacterial load patients was found. Higher plasma IPA was positively associated with female, normo- and overweight status, and higher relative abundance of C. sporogenes. The metabolite could be used to discriminate active TB disease at a cutoff of 21.40 pmol/L (72 % sensitivity, 70 % specificity and AUC 0.77). Dysbiosis in IPA-producing bacteria was showed in active TB patients. Conclusion: Plasma IPA could be considered as TB biomarker, and it may also influence disease progression. Future works are needed to validate plasma IPA as biomarker in LTBI and other respiratory infection, as well as its role as biomarker of treatment monitoring response.
HIGHLIGHTS

The upregulation of the tryptophan (Trp) pathway in tuberculosis infection.
Indole propionic acid (IPA) is a Trp metabolite with antimycobacterial properties
Higher plasma IPA levels were found in TB patients than in healthy subjects.
Dysbiosis of several IPA-producing gut microbiota was revealed in this study.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Ultrasonic Fabrication of Catechin Nanoemulsions from Green Tea with Enhanced Stability and Antioxidant Activity Optimized by Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Aedtem Phattharawadee , Poolcharoensil Noppamas
Published: October 2024

Nanoemulsions are emulsions, either O/W (oil in water) or W/O (water in oil), with droplet diameters typically ranging from 50 to 1,000 nm. Research indicates that nanoemulsions are highly effective in enhancing the bioavailability, bioactivity, digestibility, stability, safety, quality and sensory attributes of food components. The study aimed to determine the optimum formulation and ultrasonic condition for fabricating catechin nanoemulsion (Ca-NE) from green tea with improved physical stability and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology. The effects of Medium Chain Triglyceride oil concentration (7.5 - 12.5 % w/w), Tween® 80 concentration (1 - 5 % w/w) and sonication time (5 - 15 min) on the droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI) and antioxidant activity presented by DPPH value of the Ca-NE were investigated using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The results found that droplet size and antioxidant activity of the Ca-NE were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the proposed parameters, whereas the PDI value was slightly affected by those factors. The BBD results suggested that the Ca-NE fabrication condition was optimized with 7.5 % (w/w) oil concentration, 5 % (w/w) Tween® 80 concentration and a sonication time of 10.87 min. The optimum nanoemulsion showed good physical stability in terms of droplet size and PDI and had higher antioxidant activity than unencapsulated catechins when stored at 4 and 30 °C for 90 days. This study showed that catechin nanoemulsions fabricated by ultrasonication had good stability and antioxidant activity and, hence, had high potential for food and beverage applications in the food industry.
HIGHLIGHTS

The optimum nanoemulsion had good physical stability regarding droplet size and PDI when stored at 4 and 30 °C for 90 days.
The ultrasonic fabrication of Ca-NE results in better retention of antioxidant activity than unencapsulated catechins.
The ultrasonic fabrication provided the Ca-NE with good stability and high antioxidant activity.
The results suggest that the obtained nanoemulsion of catechins has great potential in food or pharmaceutical applications.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Brazilin Content, Color Stability, and Antioxidant Activity of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) Traditional Drink by Different Blanching and Drying Methods
Authors: Septiyani Retnosyari , Wikandari Rachma , Santoso Umar , Raharjo Sri
Published: October 2024

Caesalpinia sappan L (CS) heartwood is used as a natural red colorant in several Asian ethnic traditional drinks both as sole ingredient or mixed with other herbs. However, the pigment is unstable and easily degraded during storage which affects consumer acceptance. This research aimed to investigate the effect of different blanching and drying methods on the color stability, brazilin content, and antioxidant activity of CS heartwood drinks. Steam blanching, water blanching, sun drying and cabinet drying were examined in this study. The most common method applied in traditional production, without blanching and sun drying, was used as a control. The experimental design used was complete randomized design with triplicates. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by SPSS statistics version 20.
The results showed that blanching and drying methods affected the color intensity. For a pure CS heartwood herbal drink, the sample prepared with water blanching and cabinet drying (BCD) showed the highest red value, leading to a 48 % improvement compared to the control. This red value is in accordance with the brazilin content. Sample BCD showed the highest brazilin content, which was 376 % higher than that of the control. Similarly, the BCD sample had the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content, with IC50 values of 98.99 ppm and 213.12 mg GAE g–1, respectively. This result revealed that brazilin might act as an antioxidant. Similar to the pure CS drink, the highest quality of mixed herbal drink was obtained by BCD sample. The results suggest that the combination of water blanching and cabinet drying (BCD) was the best method to improves the quality of CS heartwood drink both in pure and mixed herbal drinks as a functional drink.
HIGHLIGHTS

Samples treated with blanching and drying had higher brazilin content of Sappan heartwood drink
There is a correlation between brazilin content and color intensity as well as antioxidant activity
Blanching and cabinet drying improved the color stability of Sappan heartwood drink
Blanching and cabinet drying increased the total phenolic and flavonoid content of Sappan heartwood drink

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Study on Mass Transfer and Physicochemical Properties of Avocado During Osmotic Dehydration
Authors: Rindang Adian , Mardjan Sutrisno , Darmawati Emmy , Hartulistiyoso Edy , Ahmad Usman
Published: October 2024

A previous study found that mass transfer occurring during the osmotic dehydration (OD) process. This phenomena is possible causing modification in physicochemical properties; therefore, understanding the OD effect on quality attributes is important. This research aimed to study the impact of sucrose concentration and immersion time on the kinetics of mass transfer and the physicochemical properties of avocado (Persea americana var. Miki) during the OD process. The samples were immersed in a sucrose solution (45, 55 and 65 ° Brix) for up to 300 min, then the mass transfer parameter and physicochemical properties were evaluated. The results showed that the highest rate of water removal (WR) was –0.037 g.g–1.h–1 using the 55 ° Brix solution, which also led to an increase in the soluble solid gain (SSG) value to 0.0126 g.g–1.h–1, while the highest WR/SSG ratio was obtained after 180 min of immersion using 65 ° Brix (2.451). A 2nd-order polynomial model accurately describes avocado mass transfer kinetics and their relationship to physicochemical properties. The model showed the best adjustment for WR, SSG, and weight loss (WL), as pointed out by R2 = 0.9671, 0.8968 and 0.9573, respectively. WR has a negative effect on firmness (R2 = 0.9278), vitamin C (R2 = 0.9349), and total fat (R2 = 0.8954). The uptake of sucrose correlated with decrease of vitamin C (R2 = 0.9391), whereas WL also affected the loss of total fat (R2 = 0.8288). The OD process modified the chroma of the avocado by reducing lightness, increasing greenness and yellowness, and yet protecting the flesh from the browning effect. Overall, this study provides insights into the relationship between mass transfer and physicochemical properties, and it is useful to predict the final condition of the osmo-avocado before subsequent processes.
HIGHLIGHTS

Immersing the avocado in a 55 ° Brix solution resulted in the highest rate of water removal (WR) and soluble solid gain (SSG).
The highest ratio of WR and soluble solid gain (WR/SSG) was obtained at 180 min of immersion using a 65 ° Brix solution.
The 2nd-order polynomial model fits the mass transfer parameters (WR, SSG, and weight loss/WL).
WR contributed to a softened texture, color contrast, degradation of vitamin C, and total fat content.
The combination of mass transfer and physicochemical property models is useful for designing the OD process and predicting the final condition of osmo-avocado.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
To Study on Cyber Crime Burgeoning in India and Crucial Actions Need for Every Cybercrime Victim
Authors: Kirti Saneja  , Dr. Ajit Kumar
Published: October 2024

India is facing a great deal of challenges due to the rapid digitalization and broad adoption of technology in many different areas. One such concern is cybercrime. In this paper explores the nature, scope, and impact of cybercrime in the Indian context. The rising ubiquity of internet usage has rendered people, companies, and governmental organizations more susceptible to a range of cyber threats, such as identity theft, financial fraud, data breaches, and cyber harassment. Despite developments in cyber security protection, the lack of awareness and poor regulatory frameworks has aggravated the situation. To address these issues, the Indian government has put in place a number of efforts, including the National Cyber Security Policy and the Information Technology Act, 2000. But enforcement is still patchy, and a lot of crimes go unreported or ignored. The problem has been made worse by insufficient regulatory frameworks and a lack of knowledge, even in spite of advances in cyber security measures. But enforcement is still patchy, and a lot of crimes go unreported or ignored. This research paper emphasizes India's cybercrime victims have several legal options, the need for a multimodal strategy that includes improved cyber security infrastructure, better legislative frameworks and greater public awareness in order to tackle cybercrime. In light of the transnational character of cyber threats, it also highlights the significance of international cooperation. In the end, a thorough plan is necessary to protect India's digital environment and guarantee the security and safety of its people in a world that is becoming more interconnected by the day
Different antinuclear antibody subgroups of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis had variability in clinical presentation: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Gang , Yan Dong , Xue Leixi , Weng Chenghua , Liu Zhichun
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the association between ANA and clinical characteristics as well as prognosis in a cohort of patients with anti-MDA5+ DM.

Material and methods

We conducted a systematic retrospective study of medical records from Nanjing Medical University myositis associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) contort.

Results

A total of 246 patients with anti-MDA5+ DM were enrolled in this study, with 28.5% males and 71.5% females. The median age was 53.0 years, the median disease duration was 2 months, and the median follow-up period was 12.0 months. ANA positivity rate at baseline was 52.4% in anti-MDA5+ DM patients. The ANA-positive group showed significantly higher positivity rates of anti-Ro52 antibodies (72.9% vs 54.7%, p=0.003) and anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-ARS) antibodies (9.3% vs 2.6%, p=0.033) compared to the ANA-negative group, but lower ALT levels [39.0 (21.5, 79.3) vs 51.3 (36.5, 95.8), p=0.006].In a subgroup analysis of the ANA-positive group, MDA5+++ patients had a higher incidence of RPILD compared to the MDA5+ group (P=0.028). In the ANA negative subgroup analysis, MDA5+++ patients had a higher mortality rate and worse prognosis compared to the MDA5+ group (P=0.026). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that elevated LDH levels and the presence of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) were associated with poor prognosis in ANA-negative anti-MDA5+ DM patients [hazard ratios of 1.002 (95% CI 1.001, 1.003, P = 0.020) and 13.694 (95% CI 15.032, 37.267, P < 0.001), respectively].

Conclusions

ANA is frequently found in patients with anti-MDA5+ DM. High titres of anti-MDA5 antibodies are associated with mortality and RPILD.
Association between immune cells and membranous nephropathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hou Congyan , Wang Xinyu , Wang Shuihuan , Li Jing
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Multiple studies have indicated that immune cells play a significant role in the occurrence and development of membranous nephropathy (MN). However, the causal relationship between the two has not been fully established. To further investigate this, we employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study design.

Material and methods

Genetic instrumental variables for immune cells were sourced from an extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS). MN summary statistics, involving 2,150 cases and 5,829 controls, were obtained from a separate GWAS. The primary analysis employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. To explore reverse causation, a reverse MR analysis was undertaken. Rigorous sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the resilience and reliability of the study's findings.

Results

We identified eight immunophenotypes associated with a reduced risk of MN and all of them were the protective factors for MN. The sensitivity analyses consistently yielded similar results for these immune traits. In the reverse MR analysis, we did not observe any statistically significant associations between MN and these eight immunophenotypes.

Conclusions

Our study, utilizing genetic approaches, provides evidence for a causal relationship between immune cells and MN, which has implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Further comprehensive investigations are needed to explore the detailed mechanisms underlying the impact of immune cells on MN.
KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ DUY TRÌ UNG THƯ PHỔI KHÔNG TẾ BÀO NHỎ GIAI ĐOẠN IV BẰNG VINORELBINE ĐƯỜNG UỐNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN K
Authors: Dương Thị Quỳnh Nga , Nguyễn Thị Thái Hòa , Trương Công Minh , Nguyễn Thị Hương , Nguyễn Văn Đăng
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị duy trì chuyển đổi ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IV bằng Vinorelbine đường uống và một số tác dụng không mong muốn. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả có theo dõi dọc trên 55 bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IV đã hóa trị bước 1 bằng phác đồ bộ đôi có platinum không có tiến triển bệnh, điều trị duy trì chuyển đổi bằng Vinorelbine đường uống tại bệnh viện K từ tháng 03/2023 đến hết tháng 06/2024. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của nhóm bệnh nhân nghiên cứu là 61.2 ± 8.77; tỉ lệ nam là 81.8%, nữ là 18.2%. Nhóm bệnh nhân nghiên cứu đều có chỉ số toàn trạng (PS) 0-1, tỉ lệ PS 0 là 36.4%, tỉ lệ PS 1 là 63.6%. Tỉ lệ đáp ứng bệnh là 12.7%, tỉ lệ kiểm soát bệnh là 65.5%. Không có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê về tỉ lệ đáp ứng bệnh ở các đặc điểm bệnh nhân như giới tính, PS, tiền sử hút thuốc. Thời gian sống thêm bệnh không tiến triển (PFS) là 5.1 tháng (khoảng tin cậy (CI) 95%, 3.4-9.2 tháng). Các tác dụng phụ thường gặp là hạ bạch cầu (20%) chủ yếu là độ 1, hạ bạch cầu trung tính (21.8%) trong đó 9.1% hạ bạch cầu trung tính độ 3, hạ hemoglobin (41.8%) chủ yếu độ 1, các độc tính khác ít gặp. Kết luận: Nghiên cứu cho thấy liệu pháp duy trì chuyển đổi bằng Vinorelbine đường uống có hiệu  quả trong việc kiểm soát sự tiến triển của bệnh ở bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IV, với các tác dụng phụ có thể kiểm soát được.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ THOÁI HÓA KHỚP GỐI NGUYÊN PHÁT GIAI ĐOẠN 2, 3 BẰNG LIỆU PHÁP TIÊM HUYẾT TƯƠNG GIÀU TIỂU CẦU TỰ THÂN TẠI THÁI BÌNH NĂM 2023-2024
Authors: Nguyễn Thế Điệp , Bùi Thị Minh Phượng , Nguyễn Minh Châu
Published: October 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Điều trị thoái hoá khớp gối nguyên phát giai đoạn 2, 3 bằng liệu pháp tiêm huyết tương giàu tiểu cầu tự thân là một lựa chọn mới trong những năm gần đây đã mang lại kết quả tốt trong điều trị, mô sụn tổn thương được tái tạo, phục hồi theo cơ chế sinh học, không có tai biến, biến chứng. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả của liệu pháp tiêm huyết tương giàu tiểu cầu tự thân đối với bệnh nhân thoái hoá khớp gối giai đoạn 2,3. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu có can thiệp không đối chứng, đánh giá hiệu quả điều trị trước sau trên 34 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán thoái hoá khớp gối nguyên phát giai đoạn 2,3 điều trị tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Thái Bình từ tháng 1/2023 đến tháng 12/2024. Kết quả: Chức năng khớp gối được cải thiện, điểm VAS và Lequesne giảm dần trong khi điểm chất lượng cuộc sống tăng dần sau điều trị. Kết luận: Liệu pháp tiêm huyết tương giàu tiểu cầu tự thân đã mang lại hiệu quả rõ rệt trong cải thiện mức độ đau, chức năng vận động của khớp gối và làm tăng chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân thoái hoá khớp gối nguyên phát giai đoạn 2,3.