bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinico Hemato Biochemical Findings, Clinical Management, and Production Performance of Bovines with Late Pregnancy Indigestion (Type IV Vagal Indigestion)
Authors: Hussain Syed Ashaq , Uppal Sanjeev Kumar , Sood Naresh Kumar , Mahajan Shashi Kant
Published: April 2014

This prospective study was conducted on 15 animals (eight buffaloes and seven cows), diagnosed with late pregnancy indigestion. Ten buffaloes and 10 cows served as the control group. The animals were in advanced pregnancy and had partial or complete anorexia, reduced water intake, loss of defecation or scanty faecal output, and mild to moderate dehydration. Heart and respiration rates were increased and rumen motility was reduced. Five animals had persistent tympany and moderate distension of left abdomen, and two animals each had bilateral abdominal distension and papple shaped abdomen. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were significantly higher and lower than the control values. Total bilirubin, AST, total protein, globulin, BUN, glucose, and lactate were significantly higher, and chloride and calcium were significantly lower than the control values. Levels of ALP, GGT, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, fibrinogen, fibrinogen ratio, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium did not differ significantly from the control values. Rumen chloride concentration was higher than the reference range. Majority of animals were managed symptomatically until parturition. There was no effect on fetal survival or milk yield in current and subsequent lactation. So, late pregnancy indigestion causes clinical and hemato biochemical alterations which require special consideration when treating diseased animals.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk in Chinese Patients with Nonmetastatic Carcinoma of Prostate
Authors: Huang Gang , Yeung Chun-Yip , Lee Ka Kui , Liu Jianxiong , Ho Kwan Lun , Yiu Ming-Kwong , Lam Karen Siu-Ling , Tse Hung-Fat , Yau Thomas , Siu Chung-Wah
Published: April 2014

Background. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in nonmetastatic prostate cancer is unclear. Recent data suggests possible increase in the cardiovascular risks receiving ADT. The aim of the study was to investigate the cardiovascular outcomes in a cohort of Chinese nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients with no previously documented cardiovascular disease.Methods and Results. 745 patients with no previously documented cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes mellitus diagnosed to have nonmetastatic prostate cancer were recruited. Of these, 517 patients received ADT and the remaining 228 did not. After a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, 60 patients developed primary composite endpoint including (1) coronary artery disease, (2) congestive heart failure, and (3) ischemic stroke. Higher proportion of patients on ADT (51 patients, 9.9%) developed composite endpoint compared with those not on ADT (9 patients, 3.9%) with hazard ratio (HR) of 2.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–3.24,P=0.04). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that only the use of ADT (HR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.03–4.25,P=0.04) and hypertension (HR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.21–3.33,P<0.01) were independent predictors for primary composite endpoint.Conclusion. ADT in Chinese patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer with no previously documented cardiovascular disease was associated with subsequent development of cardiovascular events.
Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (Anti-CCP) and Anti-Mutated Citrullinated Vimentin (Anti-MCV) Relation with Extra-Articular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gonzalez-Lopez Laura , Rocha-Muñoz Alberto Daniel , Ponce-Guarneros Manuel , Flores-Chavez Alejandra , Salazar-Paramo Mario , Nava Arnulfo , Cardona-Muñoz Ernesto German , Fajardo-Robledo Nicte Selene , Zavaleta-Muñiz Soraya Amali , Garcia-Cobian Teresa , Gamez-Nava Jorge Ivan
Published: April 2014

We evaluated the association between anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies (anti-MCV) with the presence of extra-articular (ExRA) manifestations in 225 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ninety-five patients had ExRA and 130 had no ExRA. There was no association of anti-CCP and anti-MCV levels with the presence of ExRA as total group (P=0.40andP=0.91, resp.). Making an analysis of individual manifestations, rheumatoid nodules were associated with positivity for rheumatoid factor (RF); (P=0.01), anti-CCP (P=0.048), and anti-MCV (P=0.02). Instead, RF, anti-CCP, or anti-MCV were not associated with SS, chronic anemia, or peripheral neuropathy. Levels of anti-CCP correlated with the score of the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-Di) (r=0.154,P=0.03), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); (r=0.155,P=0.03), and RF (P=0.254,P<0.001), whereas anti-MCV titres only correlated with RF (r=0.169,P=0.02). On adjusted analysis, ExRA was associated with longer age (P=0.015), longer disease duration (P=0.007), higher DAS-28 score (P=0.002), and higher HAQ-DI score (P=0.007), but serum levels of anti-CCP and anti-MCV were not associated. These findings show the need to strengthen the evaluation of the pathogenic mechanisms implied in each specific ExRA manifestation.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Parameter Identification of Time‐Varying Dynamical System Using Hilbert Transform and Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhao Guanyu
Published: April 2014

This paper proposes an approach to identifying time‐varying structural modal parameters using the Hilbert transform and empirical mode decomposition. Definition of instantaneous frequency and instantaneous damping ratio based on Hilbert transform for single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system is first introduced. The following is the definition of Hilbert damping spectrum from which the time‐varying damping ratio of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) system can be calculated. Identification procedures for both instantaneous frequency and damping ratios based on their definition are then introduced. Applicability of the proposed identification algorithm has been validated through several numerical examples. The instantaneous frequency and damping ratios of SDOF system under free vibration and under sinusoidal and white noise excitation have been identified. The proposed method is also applied to MDOF system with slow and sudden changing structural parameters. The results demonstrate that when the system modal parameters are slowly changing, the instantaneous frequency could be easily and well identified with satisfied accuracy for all cases. However, the instantaneous damping ratio could be extracted only when the system is lightly damped. The damping results are better for free vibration situation than for the forced vibration cases. It is also shown that the suggested method can easily track the abrupt change of system modal parameter under free vibration. The proposed method is then applied to a 12‐story short‐lag shear wall structure model tested on a shaking table. The instantaneous dynamic properties of the structure were identified and were then introduced as known parameters into a finite element model. Comparisons with the numerical results using constant structural parameters demonstrate that the calculated structural responses using the identified time‐varying parameters are much closer to the experimental results.
Solubility of Two Resin Composites in Different Mouthrinses
Authors: Ozer Sezin , Sen Tunc Emine , Tuloglu Nuray , Bayrak Sule
Published: April 2014

Aim. This study aimed to compare the solubility of a universal restorative resin composite (Filtek Z250; FZ250) and a silorane-based resin composite (Filtek Silorane; FS) after immersion in alcohol-containing mouthrinse, alcohol-free mouthrinse, and artificial saliva.Methods. 30 discs (10 mm × 1 mm) were prepared from each material and desiccated until a constant mass was obtained. Specimens were immersed in the test solutions for two days and desiccated again. Solubility was calculated based on the change in weight of each specimen before and after immersion. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc testP<0.05.Results. Solubility values for both resin composites were the highest in the alcohol-containing mouthrinse. FZ250 showed greater solubility than FS; the difference was only significant in artificial saliva.Conclusion. Both resin-composite materials tested exhibited some degree of solubility in each of the test solutions. The use of an alcohol-free mouthrinse may be preferable for patients with extensive composite restorations.
Improvements on Robust Stability of Sampled‐Data System with Long Time Delay
Authors: Wang Shigang , Bi Yongli , Li Yingsong
Published: April 2014

This paper mainly studies the problem of the robust stability analysis for sampled‐data system with long time delay. By constructing an improved Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and employing some free weighting matrices, some new robust stability criteria can be established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, the proposed equivalent criterion eliminates the effect of free weighing matrices such that numbers of decision variables and computational burden are less than some existing results. A numerical example is also presented and compared with previously proposed algorithm to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed results.
Synchronization by Food Access Modifies the Daily Variations in Expression and Activity of Liver GABA Transaminase
Authors: De Ita-Pérez Dalia , Méndez Isabel , Vázquez-Martínez Olivia , Villalobos-Leal Mónica , Díaz-Muñoz Mauricio
Published: April 2014

Daytime restricted feeding (DRF) is an experimental protocol that influences the circadian timing system and underlies the expression of a biological clock known as the food entrained oscillator (FEO). Liver is the organ that reacts most rapidly to food restriction by adjusting the functional relationship between the molecular circadian clock and the metabolic networks.γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a signaling molecule in the liver, and able to modulate the cell cycle and apoptosis. This study was aimed at characterizing the expression and activity of the mostly mitochondrial enzyme GABA transaminase (GABA-T) during DRF/FEO expression. We found that DRF promotes a sustained increase of GABA-T in the liver homogenate and mitochondrial fraction throughout the entire day-night cycle. The higher amount of GABA-T promoted by DRF was not associated to changes in GABA-T mRNA or GABA-T activity. The GABA-T activity in the mitochondrial fraction even tended to decrease during the light period. We concluded that DRF influences the daily variations of GABA-T mRNA levels, stability, and catalytic activity of GABA-T. These data suggest that the liver GABAergic system responds to a metabolic challenge such as DRF and the concomitant appearance of the FEO.
Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Routing in 2D Mesh with Cracky Rectangular Model
Authors: Yang Yi , Chen Meirun , Li Hao , Li Lian
Published: April 2014

This paper mainly focuses on routing in two-dimensional mesh networks. We propose a novel faulty block model, which is cracky rectangular block, for fault-tolerant adaptive routing. All the faulty nodes and faulty links are surrounded in this type of block, which is a convex structure, in order to avoid routing livelock. Additionally, the model constructs the interior spanning forest for each block in order to keep in touch with the nodes inside of each block. The procedure for block construction is dynamically and totally distributed. The construction algorithm is simple and ease of implementation. And this is a fully adaptive block which will dynamically adjust its scale in accordance with the situation of networks, either the fault emergence or the fault recovery, without shutdown of the system. Based on this model, we also develop a distributed fault-tolerant routing algorithm. Then we give the formal proof for this algorithm to guarantee that messages will always reach their destinations if and only if the destination nodes keep connecting with these mesh networks. So the new model and routing algorithm maximize the availability of the nodes in networks. This is a noticeable overall improvement of fault tolerability of the system.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Predator‐Prey System with Linear Harvesting Rate
Authors: Baek Hunki
Published: April 2014

We investigate a spatial ratio‐dependent predator‐prey system with linear harvesting rate. By
using linear stability and bifurcation analysis, we obtain the conditions for Hopf and Turing bifurcation in the
spatial domain. In addition, we classify spatial pattern formations of the system by making use of numerical
simulations. In fact, the numerical simulations unveil that the typical Turing patterns, such as spotted, spot‐stripelike
mixtures and stripelike patterns, can be observed even if the system has the linear harvesting rate. In
order to analyze these patterns via the spatial frequency, the discrete Fourier transform is used. Moreover, we
discuss that the linear harvesting system is more realistic than a predator‐prey system with constant harvesting.
Our results disclose that the spatially extended system with linear harvesting rate has more complex dynamic
patterns in the two‐dimensional space. It may help to understand the effects of harvesting on species in the real
world.
Distributed Cooperative Current‐Sharing Control of Parallel Chargers Using Feedback Linearization
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Huang Zhiwu , Wang Jing , Peng Jun , Liu Weirong
Published: April 2014

We propose a distributed current‐sharing scheme to address the output current imbalance problem for the parallel chargers in the energy storage type light rail vehicle system. By treating the parallel chargers as a group of agents with output information sharing through communication network, the current‐sharing control problem is recast as the consensus tracking problem of multiagents. To facilitate the design, input‐output feedback linearization is first applied to transform the nonidentical nonlinear charging system model into the first‐order integrator. Then, a general saturation function is introduced to design the cooperative current‐sharing control law which can guarantee the boundedness of the proposed control. The cooperative stability of the closed‐loop system under fixed and dynamic communication topologies is rigorously proved with the aid of Lyapunov function and LaSalle invariant principle. Simulation using a multicharging test system further illustrates that the output currents of parallel chargers are balanced using the proposed control.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyesteramide Hot Melt Adhesive from Low Purity Dimer Acid, Ethylenediamine, and Ethanolamine
Authors: Kadam Pravin G. , Vaidya Parth , Mhaske Shashank T.
Published: April 2014

Polyesteramide hot melt adhesive (HMA) was synthesized using low purity dimer acid (composition: 3% linoleic acid, 75% dimer acid, and 22% trimer acid), ethanolamine, and ethylenediamine. Ethanolamine was added as a partial replacement (10, 20, and 30%) of ethylenediamine. Prepared HMAs were characterized for acid value, amine value, hydroxyl value, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical (tensile strength, percentage strain at brea, and shore D hardness), thermal (glass transition temperature, melting temperature, enthalpy of melting, crystallization temperature, and enthalpy of crystallization), rheological (viscosity versus shear rate and viscosity versus time), and adhesion properties (T-peel strength and lap shear strength). Replacement of ethylenediamine by ethanolamine replaced certain amide linkages by ester linkages, decreasing the intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to decrease in the crystallinity of the material, and thus the mechanical, thermal, adhesion, and rheological properties. However, HMAs prepared using ethanolamine will have better low temperature flexibility due to low glass transition temperature and better adhesion process due to the lower viscosity.
Further Result on Passivity for Discrete-Time Stochastic T-S Fuzzy Systems with Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Lei Ting , Song Qiankun , Zhao Zhenjiang
Published: April 2014

The passivity for discrete-time stochastic T-S fuzzy systems with time-varying delays is investigated. By constructing appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and employing stochastic analysis method and matrix inequality technique, a delay-dependent criterion to ensure the passivity for the considered T-S fuzzy systems is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that can be easily checked by using the standard numerical software. An example is given to show the effectiveness of the obtained result.
The Injection of Air/Oxygen Bubble into the Anterior Chamber of Rabbits as a Treatment for Hyphema in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Ayintap Emre , Keskin Uğurcan , Sadigov Fariz , Coskun Mesut , İlhan Nilufer , Motor Sedat , Semiz Hilal , Parlakfikirer Nihan
Published: April 2014

Purpose.To investigate the changes of partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) in aqueous humour after injecting air or oxygen bubble into the anterior chamber in sickle cell hyphema.Methods.Blood samples were taken from the same patient with sickle cell disease. Thirty-two rabbits were divided into 4 groups. In group 1 (n=8), there was no injection. Only blood injection constituted group 2 (n=8), both blood and air bubble injection constituted group 3 (n=8), and both blood and oxygen bubble injection constituted group 4 (n=8).Results.The PaO2in the aqueous humour after 10 hours from the injections was 78.45 ± 9.9 mmHg (Mean ± SD) for group 1, 73.97 ± 8.86 mmHg for group 2, 123.35 ± 13.6 mmHg for group 3, and 306.47 ± 16.5 mmHg for group 4. There was statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2, when compared with group 3 and group 4.Conclusions.PaO2in aqueous humour was increased after injecting air or oxygen bubble into the anterior chamber. We offer to leave an air bubble in the anterior chamber of patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies and hyphema undergoing an anterior chamber washout.
III–V Nanowires: Synthesis, Property Manipulations, and Device Applications
Authors: Fang Ming , Han Ning , Wang Fengyun , Yang Zai-xing , Yip SenPo , Dong Guofa , Hou Jared J. , Chueh Yulun , Ho Johnny C.
Published: April 2014

III–V semiconductor nanowire (NW) materials possess a combination of fascinating properties, including their tunable direct bandgap, high carrier mobility, excellent mechanical flexibility, and extraordinarily large surface‐to‐volume ratio, making them superior candidates for next generation electronics, photonics, and sensors, even possibly on flexible substrates. Understanding the synthesis, property manipulation, and device integration of these III–V NW materials is therefore crucial for their practical implementations. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent development in III–V NWs with the focus on their cost‐effective synthesis, corresponding property control, and the relevant low‐operating‐power device applications. We will first introduce the synthesis methods and growth mechanisms of III–V NWs, emphasizing the low‐cost solid‐source chemical vapor deposition (SSCVD) technique, and then discuss the physical properties of III–V NWs with special attention on their dependences on several typical factors including the choice of catalysts, NW diameters, surface roughness, and surface decorations. After that, we present several different examples in the area of high‐performance photovoltaics and low‐power electronic circuit prototypes to further demonstrate the potential applications of these NW materials. Towards the end, we also make some remarks on the progress made and challenges remaining in the III–V NW research field.
Prospects for the Use ofPongamia pinnataOil-Based Products against the Green Peach AphidMyzus persicae(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Stepanycheva Elena A. , Petrova Maria O. , Chermenskaya Taisiya D. , Pavela Roman
Published: April 2014

This study is devoted to an estimation of the action of preparations based onPongamia pinnataoil on the life cycle (survival, fecundity) of green peach aphidMyzus persicae(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). TheM. persicaeis a widespread pest and damages more than 100 species of plants. All test formulations had aphicidal activity forM. persicaeadults and larvae. Moreover, they possess prolonged action, exerting a negative influence on the offspring. The preparations differed in speed of onset of mortality. The single treatment with these formulations provides significant reduction in the number of aphids during the observation period, because of the efficiency rising in time.
Clinical and Microbiologic Efficacy of a Water Filter Program in a Rural Honduran Community
Authors: Arquiette Jaclyn , Stevens Michael P. , Rabb Jean M. , Sanogo Kakotan , Mason Patrick , Bearman Gonzalo M. L.
Published: April 2014

Water purification in the rural Honduras is a focus of the nonprofit organization Honduras Outreach Medical Brigade Relief Effort (HOMBRE). We assessed water filter use and tested filter microbiologic and clinical efficacy. A 22-item questionnaire assessed water sources, obtainment/storage, purification, and incidence of gastrointestinal disease. Samples from home clay-based filters in La Hicaca were obtained and paired with surveys from the same home. We counted bacterial colonies of four bacterial classifications from each sample. Sixty-five surveys were completed. Forty-five (69%) individuals used a filter. Fifteen respondents reported diarrhea in their home in the last 30 days; this incidence was higher in homes not using a filter. Thirty-three paired water samples and surveys were available. Twenty-eight samples (85%) demonstrated bacterial growth. A control sample was obtained from the local river, the principal water source; number and bacterial colony types were innumerable within 24 hours. Access to clean water, the use of filters, and other treatment methods differed within a geographically proximal region. Although the majority of the water samples failed to achieve bacterial eradication, water filters may sufficiently reduce bacterial coliform counts to levels below infectious inoculation. Clay water filters may be sustainable water treatment measures in resource poor settings.
Liraglutide Suppresses Obesity and Hyperglycemia Associated with Increases in Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Production in KKAyMice
Authors: Nonogaki Katsunori , Hazama Miki , Satoh Noriko
Published: April 2014

Social isolation contributes to the development of obesity and insulin-independent diabetes in KKAymice. Here we show that systemic administration of liraglutide, a long-acting human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, significantly decreased food intake, body weight, and blood glucose levels at 24 h after its administration while having no significant effects on plasma insulin and glucagon levels in individually housed KKAymice. In addition, the systemic administration of liraglutide significantly increased plasma fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) 21 levels (1.8-fold increase) associated with increases in the expression of hepaticFgf21(1.9-fold increase) andPparγ(1.8-fold increase), while having no effects on the expression of hepaticPparαandFgf21in white adipose tissue. Moreover, systemic administration of liraglutide over 3 days significantly suppressed food intake, body weight gain, and hyperglycemia in KKAymice. On the other hand, despite remarkably increased plasma active GLP-1 levels (4.2-fold increase), the ingestion of alogliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, over 3 days had no effects on food intake, body weight, blood glucose levels, and plasma Fgf21 levels in KKAymice. These findings suggest that systemic administration of liraglutide induces hepatic Fgf21 production and suppresses the social isolation-induced obesity and diabetes independently of insulin, glucagon, and active GLP-1 in KKAymice.
C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease: All Said—Is Not It?
Authors: Strang Frederik , Schunkert Heribert
Published: April 2014

C-reactive protein (CRP) and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been the subject of intensive investigations over the last decades. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between moderately elevated CRP levels and incident CHD whereas genetic studies have shown that polymorphisms associated with elevated CRP levels do not increase the risk of ischemic vascular disease, suggesting that CRP might be a bystander rather than a causal factor in the progress of atherosclerosis. Beside all those epidemiological and genetic studies, the experimental investigations also try to reveal the role of CRP in the progress of atherosclerosis. This review will highlight the complex results of genomic, epidemiological, and experimental studies on CRP and will show why further studies investigating the relationship between CRP and atherosclerosis might be needed.
Predictors of Mortality among United States Veterans with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection
Authors: Erqou Sebhat , Mohanty Arpan , Murtaza Kasi Pashtoon , Butt Adeel A.
Published: April 2014

Background. Understanding the predictors of mortality in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfection can be useful in management of these patients. Methods. We used the Electronically Retrieved Cohort of HCV Infected Veterans (ERCHIVES) for these analyses. Multivariate Cox-regression models were used to determine predictors of mortality. Results. Among 8,039 HIV infected veterans, 5251 (65.3%) had HCV coinfection. The all-cause mortality rate was 74.1 (70.4–77.9) per 1000 person-years (PY) among veterans with HIV/HCV coinfection and 39.8 (36.3–43.6) per 1000 PY for veterans with HIV monoinfection. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of all-cause mortality for HCV infection was 1.58 (1.36–1.84). Positive predictors of mortality included decompensated liver disease (2.33 (1.98–2.74)), coronary artery disease (1.74 (1.32–2.28)), chronic kidney disease (1.62 (1.36–1.92)), and anemia (1.58 (1.31–1.89)). Factors associated with reduced mortality included HCV treatment (0.41 (0.27–0.63)) and higher CD4 count (0.90 (0.87–0.93) per 100 cells/μL higher count). Data were insufficient to make informative analyses of the role of HCV virologic response. Conclusion. HCV coinfection was associated with substantial increased risk of mortality among HIV infected veterans. HCV treatment was associated with significantly lower risk of mortality.
Effects of CFRP Strengthening on Dynamic and Fatigue Responses of Composite Bridge
Authors: Kuntiyawichai Kittisak , Limkatanyu Suchart
Published: April 2014

This paper investigates the effect of CFRP strengthening on dynamic and fatigue responses of composite bridge using finite element program ABAQUS. Dynamic and fatigue responses of composite bridge due to truck load based on AASHTO standard are investigated. Two types of CFRP strengthening techniques, CFRP sheets and CFRP deck, are applied to both the damaged and undamaged bridges. For the case of damaged bridge, two through-thickness crack sizes, 3 mm and 6 mm in depth, are assumed at midspan of the steel girders. Furthermore, effects of the number of steel girders on the dynamic and fatigue responses are also considered. The results show that the maximum responses of composite bridges occur for dual lane cases. By using CFRP as a strengthening material, the maximum stress and deflection of the steel girders reduce and consequently increase the fatigue life of the girders. After introducing initial crack into the steel girders of the composite bridges, the fatigue life of the bridges is dramatically reduced. However, the overall performance of the damaged composite bridge can be improved by using CFRP, albeit with less effectiveness. Therefore, if cracks are found, steel welding must be performed before strengthening the composite bridge by CFRP.
Mathematical Model of Stock Prices via a Fractional Brownian Motion Model with Adaptive Parameters
Authors: Areerak Tidarut
Published: April 2014

The paper presents a mathematical model of stock prices using a fractional Brownian motion model with adaptive parameters (FBMAP). The accuracy index of the proposed model is compared with the Brownian motion model with adaptive parameters (BMAP). The parameters in both models are adapted at any time. The ADVANC Info Service Public Company Limited (ADVANC) and Land and Houses Public Company Limited (LH) closed prices are concerned in the paper. The Brownian motion model with adaptive parameters (BMAP) and fractional Brownian motion model with adaptive parameters (FBMAP) are applied to identify ADVANC and LH closed prices. The simulation results show that the FBMAP is more suitable for forecasting the ADVANC and LH closed price than the BMAP.
The Promotion of Human Neural Stem Cells Adhesion Using Bioinspired Poly(norepinephrine) Nanoscale Coating
Authors: Park Minah , Shin Mikyung , Kim Eunmi , Lee Slgirim , Park Kook In , Lee Haeshin , Jang Jae-Hyung
Published: April 2014

The establishment of versatile biomaterial interfaces that can facilitate cellular adhesion is crucial for elucidating the cellular processes that occur on biomaterial surfaces. Furthermore, biomaterial interfaces can provide physical or chemical cues that are capable of stimulating cellular behaviors by regulating intracellular signaling cascades. Herein, a method of creating a biomimetic functional biointerface was introduced to enhance human neural stem cell (hNSC) adhesion. The hNSC‐compatible biointerface was prepared by the oxidative polymerization of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which generates a nanoscale organic thin layer, termed poly(norepinephrine) (pNE). Due to its adhesive property, pNE resulted in an adherent layer on various substrates, and pNE‐coated biointerfaces provided a highly favorable microenvironment for hNSCs, with no observed cytotoxicity. Only a 2‐hour incubation of hNSCs was required to firmly attach the stem cells, regardless of the type of substrate. Importantly, the adhesive properties of pNE interfaces led to micropatterns of cellular attachment, thereby demonstrating the ability of the interface to organize the stem cells. This highly facile surface‐modification method using a biomimetic pNE thin layer can be applied to a number of suitable materials that were previously not compatible with hNSC technology.
Review on Recent Developments in Laser Driven Inertial Fusion
Authors: Ghoranneviss M. , Elahi A. Salar
Published: April 2014

Discovery of the laser in 1960 hopes were based on using its very high energy concentration within very short pulses of time and very small volumes for energy generation from nuclear fusion as “Inertial Fusion Energy” (IFE), parallel to the efforts to produce energy from “Magnetic Confinement Fusion” (MCF), by burning deuterium-tritium (DT) in high temperature plasmas to helium. Over the years the fusion gain was increased by a number of magnitudes and has reached nearly break-even after numerous difficulties in physics and technology had been solved. After briefly summarizing laser driven IFE, we report how the recently developed lasers with pulses of petawatt power and picosecond duration may open new alternatives for IFE with the goal to possibly ignite solid or low compressed DT fuel thereby creating a simplified reactor scheme. Ultrahigh acceleration of plasma blocks after irradiation of picosecond (PS) laser pulses of around terawatt (TW) power in the range of 1020 cm/s2was discovered by Sauerbrey (1996) as measured by Doppler effect where the laser intensity was up to about 1018 W/cm2. This is several orders of magnitude higher than acceleration by irradiation based on thermal interaction of lasers has produced.
Congestive Heart Failure versus Inflammatory Carcinoma in Breast
Authors: Alikhassi A. , Omranipour R. , Alikhassy Z.
Published: April 2014

Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare highly malignant form of breast cancer. Clinical signs and symptoms with histologic examination usually confirm the diagnosis. There are rare reports of breast edema of congestive heart failure which were difficult to differentiate from inflammatory carcinoma. The differential becomes more difficult when congestive heart failure is associated with unilateral breast edema. We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with congestive heart failure associated with unilateral breast edema and skin thickening simulating inflammatory breast carcinoma on mammography.
Supervised Clustering Based on DPClusO: Prediction of Plant-Disease Relations Using Jamu Formulas of KNApSAcK Database
Authors: Wijaya Sony Hartono , Husnawati Husnawati , Afendi Farit Mochamad , Batubara Irmanida , Darusman Latifah K. , Altaf-Ul-Amin Md. , Sato Tetsuo , Ono Naoaki , Sugiura Tadao , Kanaya Shigehiko
Published: April 2014

Indonesia has the largest medicinal plant species in the world and these plants are used as Jamu medicines. Jamu medicines are popular traditional medicines from Indonesia and we need to systemize the formulation of Jamu and develop basic scientific principles of Jamu to meet the requirement of Indonesian Healthcare System. We propose a new approach to predict the relation between plant and disease using network analysis and supervised clustering. At the preliminary step, we assigned 3138 Jamu formulas to 116 diseases of International Classification of Diseases (ver. 10) which belong to 18 classes of disease from National Center for Biotechnology Information. The correlation measures between Jamu pairs were determined based on their ingredient similarity. Networks are constructed and analyzed by selecting highly correlated Jamu pairs. Clusters were then generated by using the network clustering algorithm DPClusO. By using matching score of a cluster, the dominant disease and high frequency plant associated to the cluster are determined. The plant to disease relations predicted by our method were evaluated in the context of previously published results and were found to produce around 90% successful predictions.
Carotid Intima Media Thickness as a Marker of Atherosclerosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Gupta Naveen , Saigal Renu , Goyal Laxmikant , Agrawal Abhishek , Bhargava Rajat , Agrawal Arun
Published: April 2014

Aim. Increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been observed in ankylosing spondylitis because of accelerated atherosclerosis. We measured carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis in this study.Methods. In this study 37 cases of AS and the same number of matched individuals were recruited. CIMT measurements were done using B-mode ultrasound. Disease activity was assessed using Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), and Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrological index (BASMI) scores and C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels.Results. Mean age of the study groups was 29.43 ± 9.00 years. Average disease duration was 65.62 ± 54.92 months. Twenty-eight (75.68%) of cases were HLA B-27 positive. A significantly increased CIMT was observed in cases as compared to control group (0.62 ± 0.12 versus 0.54 ± 0.04;P<0.001). CIMT in the cases group positively correlated with age(r=0.357; P<0.05), duration of disease(r=0.549; P<0.01), and BASMI(r=0.337; P<0.05)and negatively correlated with ESR(r=−0.295; P<0.05).Conclusions. Patients of AS had a higher CIMT than those of the control group. CIMT correlated with disease chronicity.
Characteristics of Spring Phenological Changes in China over the Past 50 Years
Authors: Dai Junhu , Wang Huanjiong , Ge Quansheng
Published: April 2014

In order to understand past plant phenological responses to climate change in China (1963–2009), we conducted trends analysis of spring phenophases based on observation data at 33 sites from the Chinese Phenological Observation Network (CPON). The phenological data on first leaf date (FLD) and first flowering date (FFD) for five broad-leaved woody plants from 1963 to 2009 were analyzed. Since most phenological time series are discontinuous because of observation interruptions at certain period, we first interpolated phenological time series by using the optimal model between the spring warming (SW) model and the UniChill model to form continuous time series. Subsequently, by using regression analysis, we found that the spring phenophases of woody plants in China advanced at a mean rate of 0.18 days/year over the past 50 years. Changes of spring phenophases exhibited strong regional difference. The linear trends in spring phenophases were −0.18, −0.28, −0.21, −0.04, and −0.14 days/year for the Northeast China Plain, the North China Plain, the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and South China, respectively. The spatial differences in phenological trends can be attributed to regional climate change patterns in China.
Fatigue Properties of Layered Double Hydroxides Modified Asphalt and Its Mixture
Authors: Liu Xing , Wu Shaopeng , Pang Ling , Xiao Yue , Pan Pan
Published: April 2014

This study investigated the influence of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on the fatigue properties of asphalt mixture. In this paper, different aging levels (thin film oven test (TFOT) and ultraviolet radiation aging (UV aging for short)) of bitumen modified with various mass ratios of the LDHs were investigated. The TFOT and UV aging process were used to simulate short-term field thermal-oxidative aging and long-term field light UV aging of bitumen, respectively. The influences of LDHs on the fatigue properties of LDHs were evaluated by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and indirect tensile fatigue test. Results indicated that the introduction of LDHs could change the fatigue properties of bitumen under a stress control mode. The mixture with modified bitumen showed better fatigue resistance than the mixture with base bitumen. The results illustrated that the LDHs would be alternative modifiers used in the bitumen to improve the lifetime of asphalt pavements.
Ziprasidone as Adjunctive Therapy in Severe Bipolar Patients Treated with Clozapine
Authors: Bartolommei Natalia , Casamassima Francesco , Pensabene Laura , Luchini Federica , Benvenuti Antonella , Di Paolo Antonello , Cosentino Luca , Mauri Mauro , Lattanzi Lorenzo
Published: April 2014

Aim. To confirm the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone as adjunctive therapy in bipolar patients partially responding to clozapine or with persisting negative symptoms, overweight, or with metabolic syndrome.Methods. Eight patients with psychotic bipolar disorder were tested with the BPRS, the HAM-D, and the CGI at T0 and retested after 2 weeks (T1). Plasma clozapine and norclozapine levels and BMI were tested at T0 and T1.Results. Ziprasidone was well tolerated by all the patients. BPRS and HAM-D scores were reduced in all patients. BMI was reduced in patients with a BMI at T0 higher than 25. Plasma levels of clozapine and norclozapine showed an irregular course.
High-Risk Immunization Strategies for Multiethnic Regions
Authors: Nian Fuzhong , Liu Tong
Published: April 2014

In the Multiethnic regions, like the west of China, because of the difference of religious beliefs, ethnic customs, and mode of production, the contacts and relationships are also different. The epidemic characteristics of these regions are different from other places. Based on the background, some high-risk immunization strategies for Multiethnic regions are proposed. The epidemic dynamics were analyzed both from theory and simulation experiment. The results indicate that the proposed immunization strategies are effective, and it is also economic and feasible.
Labour Analgesia When Epidural Is Not a Choice: Tramadol versus Pentazocine
Authors: Shetty Jyothi , Vishalakshi Ashwini , Pandey Deeksha
Published: April 2014

Background. Parenteral opioids, thus, are still popular for pain relief in labor in many countries throughout the world. Aim. To evaluate and compare the efficacy of intramuscular tramadol and pentazocine in the first stage of labor. Method. Sixty-five patients were divided into pentazocine group and tramadol group. Subjects received either 30 mg pentazocine or 1 mg/kg tramadol intramuscularly. Pain was assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) before the administration of the drug, at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and at full dilatation. Maternal and neonatal side effects were determined. Results. Analgesic effect of the two drugs was not significantly different. Neither of these analgesics was effective towards the end of the first stage. However, in the tramadol group, the majority of women (55%) rated pain as severe, whereas in the pentazocine group, the majority of women (60%) rated pain as moderately severe. There were not many side effects with either of the drug in the given dosage. Mean injection to delivery interval was significantly shorter in the tramadol group as compared to the pentazocine group. Conclusion. Pentazocine or tramadol can be given for labor pain relief as an alternative to epidural analgesia in resource poor setting.
Time Delayed Stage-Structured Predator-Prey Model with Birth Pulse and Pest Control Tactics
Authors: Yan Mei , Li Yongfeng , Xiang Zhongyi
Published: April 2014

Normally, chemical pesticides kill not only pests but also their natural enemies. In order to better control the pests, two-time delayed stage-structured predator-prey models with birth pulse and pest control tactics are proposed and analyzed by using impulsive differential equations in present work. The stability threshold conditions for the mature prey-eradication periodic solutions of two models are derived, respectively. The effects of key parameters including killing efficiency rate, pulse period, the maximum birth effort per unit of time of natural enemy, and maturation time of prey on the threshold values are discussed in more detail. By comparing the two threshold values of mature prey-extinction, we provide the fact that the second control tactic is more effective than the first control method.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of Ciprofloxacin-Salicylic Acid Molecular Salt
Authors: Nagalapalli Ravikumar , Yaga Bheem Shankar
Published: April 2014

In the present study, ciprofloxacin-salicylic acid molecular salt has been synthesized and preliminarily characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. The single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) reveals the proton transfer from carboxylic acid group of salicylic acid to piperazine moiety in ciprofloxacin confirming the formation of new molecular salt. The molecular packing of the molecular salt is mainly supported by N+–H⋯O−, O–H⋯O, C–H⋯F, C–H⋯π, and π-π interactions. The 3D Hirshfeld surfaces and the associated 2D fingerprint plots were investigated for intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.
Suicide Risk Assessment in Australian Emergency Departments: Assessing Clinicians’ Disposition Decisions
Authors: Weiland T. J. , Cotter A. , Jelinek G. A. , Phillips G.
Published: April 2014

Objective. To determine (1) the uniformity of disposition decisions made by clinicians working in Australian emergency departments (EDs) using vignettes describing patients presenting with deliberate self-harm or suicide risk; (2) factors associated with these decisions; (3) factors associated with confidence in these decisions.Methodology. We validated and distributed by email an online survey tool to Australian emergency clinicians via their colleges. Participants were presented with five vignettes and asked to rate the level of risk and protective factors for suicide, the patient’s disposition (admit/discharge/review), factors influencing this decision, their confidence in the decision, and factors that would have improved their confidence.Results. Percentages of participants choosing the modal disposition decision for each scenario ranged from 58.6% (136/232) to 92.4% (220/238), demonstrating uniformity in clinicians’ disposition decisions. Predictors of disposition were consistently level of risk factors perceived and, infrequently, clinician factors including age and years experience. Confidence in disposition decisions was high across scenarios. Clinicians reported patient, clinician, contextual and decision support factors relevant to an Australian emergency context affected their disposition decisions and confidence in decisions.Conclusion. Emergency clinicians are uniform and confident in their disposition decisions for patient vignettes where there is risk of suicide or self harm.
Dose Distributions of an192Ir Brachytherapy Source in Different Media
Authors: Wu C. H. , Liao Y. J. , Liu Y. W. Hsueh , Hung S. K. , Lee M. S. , Hsu S. M.
Published: April 2014

This study used MCNPX code to investigate the brachytherapy192Ir dose distributions in water, bone, and lung tissue and performed radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter measurements to verify the obtained MCNPX results. The results showed that the dose-rate constant, radial dose function, and anisotropy function in water were highly consistent with data in the literature. However, the lung dose near the source would be overestimated by up to 12%, if the lung tissue is assumed to be water, and, hence, if a tumor is located in the lung, the tumor dose will be overestimated, if the material density is not taken into consideration. In contrast, the lung dose far from the source would be underestimated by up to 30%. Radial dose functions were found to depend not only on the phantom size but also on the material density. The phantom size affects the radial dose function in bone more than those in the other tissues. On the other hand, the anisotropy function in lung tissue was not dependent on the radial distance. Our simulation results could represent valid clinical reference data and be used to improve the accuracy of the doses delivered during brachytherapy applied to patients with lung cancer.
Weed Management in Spring Seeded Barley, Oats, and Wheat with Prosulfuron
Authors: Soltani Nader , Brown Lynette R. , Cowan Todd , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: April 2014

A limited number of preplant (PP) herbicides are available for spring seeded cereals in Ontario. Six field trials were conducted at the Huron Research Station, Exeter, Ontario, over a two-year period (Exeter, 2010 and 2011) to evaluate glyphosate, prosulfuron, and glyphosate plus prosulfuron applied PP for weed management in spring seeded no-till barley, oats, and wheat. There was no injury in barley, oats, and wheat with glyphosate, prosulfuron, and glyphosate plus prosulfuron applied preplant at the rates evaluated at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after crop emergence. Prosulfuron provided 49–99% control of AMBEL, 28% or less control of CONAR, 31–94% control of POLCO, 49–98% control of SINAR, and 46–79% control of SONAR. Prosulfuron in combination with glyphosate provided 73–98% control of AMBEL, less than 43% control of CONAR, 39–94% control of POLCO, 63–98% control of SINAR, and 60–85% control of SONAR. Prosulfuron reduced density of AMBEL 76% and SINAR 93% but had no significant effect on density of CONAR, POLCO, or SONAR. Prosulfuron in combination with glyphosate reduced biomass of AMBEL as much as 96% and SINAR 98% but had no significant effect on biomass of CONAR, POLCO, or SONAR. Yield of barley, oats, and wheat was not affected with glyphosate, prosulfuron, and glyphosate plus prosulfuron at the rates evaluated.