bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of climate change impact and difference on the river
runoff in four basins in China under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global
warming
Authors: Xu Hongmei , Liu Lüliu , Wang Yong , Wang Sheng , Hao Ying , Ma Jingjin , Jiang Tong
Published: September 2018

Abstract. To quantify climate change impact and difference on basin-scale river runoff under the limiting global warming thresholds of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C, this study examined four river basins covering a wide hydroclimatic setting. We analyzed projected climate change in four basins, quantified climate change impact on annual and seasonal runoff based on the Soil Water Assessment Tool, and estimated the uncertainty constrained by the global circulation models (GCMs) structure and the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). All statistics for the two basins located in northern China indicated generally warmer and wetter conditions, whereas the two basins located in southern China projected less warming and were inconsistent regarding annual precipitation change. The simulated changes in annual runoff were complex; however, there was no shift in seasonal runoff pattern. The 0.5 °C global warming difference caused 0.7 °C and 0.6 °C warming in basins in northern and southern China, respectively. This led to projected precipitation increase by about 2 % for the four basins, and to a decrease in simulated annual runoff of 8 % and 1 % in the Shiyang and Huaihe rivers, respectively, but to an increase of 4 % in the Chaobai and Fujiang rivers. The uncertainty in projected annual temperature was dominated by the GCMs or the RCPs; however, that of precipitation was constrained mainly by the GCM. The 0.5 °C difference decreased the uncertainty both in the annual precipitation projection and the annual and monthly runoff simulation.
Assessing the perturbations of the hydrogeological regime in sloping fens through roads
Authors: Cochand Fabien , Käser Daniel , Grosvernier Philippe , Hunkeler Daniel , Brunner Philip
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Roads in sloping fens constitute a hydraulic barrier for surface and subsurface flow. This can lead to a drying out of downslope areas of the sloping fen as well as gully erosion. Different types of road construction have been proposed to limit the negative implications of the roads on flow dynamics. However, so far no systematic analysis of their effectiveness has been carried out. This study presents an assessment of the hydrogeological impact of three types of road structures in semi-alpine, sloping fens in Switzerland. Our analysis is based on a combination of field measurements and fully integrated, physically based modelling. In the field approach, the influence of the road was examined through tracer tests where the upslope of the road was sprinkled with a saline solution. The spatial distribution of electrical conductivity downslope provided a qualitative assessment of the flow paths and thus the implications of the road structures on subsurface flow. A quantitative albeit not site-specific assessment was carried out using numerical models simulating surface and subsurface flow in a fully coupled way. The different road types were implemented in the model and flow dynamics were simulated for a wide range of slopes and hydrogeological conditions such as different hydraulic conductivity of the soil. The results of the field and modelling analysis are coherent. Roads designed with an L-drain collecting water upslope and releasing it in a concentrated manner downslope constitute the largest perturbations. The other investigated road structures were found to have less impact. The developed methodologies and results are useful for the planning of future road projects.
Daily evaluation of 26 precipitation datasets using Stage-IV
gauge-radar data for the CONUS
Authors: Beck Hylke E. , Pan Ming , Roy Tirthankar , Weedon Graham P. , Pappenberger Florian , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Huffman George J. , Adler Robert F. , Wood Eric F.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. New precipitation (P) datasets are released regularly, following innovations in weather forecasting models, satellite retrieval methods, and multi-source merging techniques. Using the conterminous US as a case study, we evaluated the performance of 26 gridded (sub-)daily P datasets to obtain insight in the merit of these innovations. The evaluation was performed at a daily timescale for the period 2008--2017 using the Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), a performance metric combining correlation, bias, and variability. As reference, we used the high-resolution (4 km) Stage-IV gauge-radar P dataset. Among the three KGE components, the P datasets performed worst overall in terms of correlation (related to event identification). In terms of improving KGE scores for these datasets, improved P totals (affecting the bias score) and improved distribution of P intensity (affecting the variability score) are of secondary importance. Among the 11 gauge-corrected P datasets, the best overall performance was obtained by MSWEP V2.2, underscoring the importance of applying daily gauge corrections and accounting for gauge reporting times. Several uncorrected P datasets outperformed gauge-corrected ones. Among the 15 uncorrected P datasets, the best performance was obtained by the fourth-generation reanalysis ERA5-HRES, reflecting the significant advances in earth system modeling during the last decade. IMERGHH V05 performed substantially better than TMPA-3B42RT V7, attributable to the many improvements implemented in the IMERG satellite P retrieval algorithm. IMERGHH V05 outperformed ERA5-HRES in regions dominated by convective storms, while the opposite was observed in regions of complex terrain. The ERA5-EDA ensemble average exhibited higher correlations than the ERA5-HRES deterministic run, highlighting the value of ensemble modeling. The regional convection-permitting climate model WRF showed considerably more accurate P totals over the mountainous west and performed best among the uncorrected datasets in terms of variability, suggesting there is merit in using high-resolution models to obtain climatological P statistics. Our findings can be used as a guide to choose the most suitable P dataset for a particular application.
The physical properties of coarse-fragment soils and their effects on permafrost dynamics: a case study on the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yi Shuhua , He Yujie , Guo Xinlei , Chen Jianjun , Wu Qingbai , Qin Yu , Ding Yongjian
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have distinct physical properties
from agricultural soils due to weak weathering and strong erosion. These
properties might affect permafrost dynamics. However, few studies have
investigated both quantitatively. In this study, we selected a permafrost
site on the central region of the QTP and excavated soil samples down to
200 cm. We measured soil porosity, thermal conductivity, saturated hydraulic
conductivity, and matric potential in the laboratory. Finally, we ran a
simulation model replacing default sand or loam parameters with different
combinations of these measured parameters. Our results showed that the mass
of coarse fragments in the soil samples (diameter >2 mm) was
∼55 % on average, soil porosity was less than 0.3 m3 m−3,
saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.004 to 0.03 mm s−1,
and saturated matric potential ranged from −14 to −604 mm. When
default sand or loam parameters in the model were substituted with these
measured values, the errors of soil temperature, soil liquid water content,
active layer depth, and permafrost lower boundary depth were reduced (e.g.,
the root mean square errors of active layer depths simulated using measured
parameters versus the default sand or loam parameters were about 0.28, 1.06,
and 1.83 m). Among the measured parameters, porosity played a
dominant role in reducing model errors and was typically much smaller than
for soil textures used in land surface models. We also demonstrated that soil
water dynamic processes should be considered, rather than using static
properties under frozen and unfrozen soil states as in most permafrost
models. We conclude that it is necessary to consider the distinct physical
properties of coarse-fragment soils and water dynamics when simulating
permafrost dynamics of the QTP. Thus it is important to develop methods for
systematic measurement of physical properties of coarse-fragment soils and to
develop a related spatial data set for porosity.
Response of Antarctic Ice Sheet Mass Balance to Climate Change
Authors: Zhan Jingang , Shi Hongling , Wang Yong , Yao Yixin , Wu Yongbin
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The ice record should have recorded and will likely reflect information on environmental changes such as atmospheric circulation. In this paper, 153 months of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite time-varying gravity solutions were used to study the principal components of the Antarctic ice sheet mass change and their time-frequency variation. This assessment is based on complex principal component analysis and the wavelet amplitude-period spectrum method to reveal the main climatic factors that affect the change on the ice sheet. The complex principal component analysis results reveal the principal components that affect the mass change of the ice sheet; the wavelet analysis present the time-frequency variation of each component and the possible relationship between each principal component and different climatic factors. The results show that the specific climate factors represented by low-frequency signals with a period greater than 5 years dominate the changes of the Antarctic ice sheet mass balance. These climate factors are related to the abnormal sea surface temperature changes in the equatorial Pacific (Niño 1+2 region), the correlation between the low-frequency periodic signal of sea surface temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific and the first principal component of the ice sheet mass change in Antarctica is 0.65. The first principal component explains 85.45 % of the mass change in the ice sheet. The change in the meridional wind at 700 hPa in the South Pacific may be the key factor that determines the effect of sea surface temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific on the Antarctic ice sheet. The atmospheric temperature change in Antarctica is the second most important factor that affects the mass balance of the ice sheet in the area, and its contribution to the mass balance of the ice sheet is only 6.35 %. This result means that with the increase of low-frequency signals during the El Niño period, Antarctic ice sheet mass changes may intensify.
Anuncios y sensacionalismo: el cinturón eléctrico y la irrupción de la publicidad de masas
Authors: Laguna Platero Antonio , Martínez Gallego Francesc-Andreu
Published: September 2018

El siglo XX es, entre otras lecturas, el siglo de la publicidad. Y, por supuesto, es también el tiempo del sensacionalismo como nueva forma de entender la comunicación dirigida a los nuevos públicos masivos que se están configurando. Sin embargo, mientras el sensacionalismo periodístico se ha observado con cierto interés por cuanto ha presidido acontecimientos de gran calado de fines del siglo XIX y ha preparado la irrupción de la propaganda científica que se produce ya con la Gran Guerra, no ha sucedido lo mismo con las estrategias seguidas por los anuncios para alcanzar el mismo fin, esto es, la venta masiva del producto. Y, desde nuestro punto de vista, sensacionalismo y publicidad empezaron a caminar juntos mucho antes de que lo hiciera la información de sucesos o el amarillismo de Hearst. El mejor ejemplo nos lo brindan los anuncios de los cinturones eléctricos, protagonistas de las primeras campañas masivas de inserciones en medios de distinto tipo, periodicidad y nacionalidad. Antes que los fabricantes de coches, antes que los distribuidores y exhibidores de películas y mucho antes de la llegada de los electrodomésticos, los anuncios de salud, y muy especialmente los ligados a la electricidad, marcaron el inicio de una publicidad masiva que hizo de las estrategias provocativas y sensacionalistas su modo habitual de competir.
Phthalic acid esters content in yoghurt with chia flour and bamboo fiber during storage time
Authors: Jandlová Marcela , Lampí­ř Lubomí­r , Jarošová Alžbeta , Pytel Roman , Nedomová Šárka , Ondruší­ková Sylvie , Kumbár Vojtěch
Published: September 2018

Phthalic acid esters are plasticizers, they can migrate freely from plastic to their surroundings. They have negative health effects. European legislation sets specific migration limits for phthalic acid esters. In our study, we deal with two esters of phthalic acid, dibutylphtalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). It was studied the effect of storage of four types of yoghurt on the concentration of phthalic acid esters. Yoghurts contained 1% chia flour, 5% chia flour, 1% bamboo fiber and 5% bamboo fiber. Yoghurts were stored in plastic cups, which contained both examined phthalic acid esters. Esters of phthalic acid were determined after 1 week of storage then after 2 weeks of storage and in the original raw material. Furthermore, the pH of the yoghurt was determined. The pH values ”‹”‹were correlated with phthalate concentrations: the correlation coefficient for DBP with a pH of -0.0265 and for DEHP with a pH of 0.3075. Mean concentrations of DEHP decreased over time, while DBP decreased for yoghurt with 1% chia flour, while in other cases they increased. The mean DBP concentrations in yoghurt were higher than the average concentrations of DEHP. Comparing the mean sample values ”‹”‹with t-test for dependent samples for yoghurt of the same type, when comparing the DBP or DEHP concentration in week 1 with the DBP or DEHP concentration at week 2, the mean values ”‹”‹were consistent. It can be noted that there was no increase in DEHP concentrations from cups to yoghurts, which was probably due to a lower concentration in cups than the DBP concentration. DBP concentrations increased in 3 of the 4 types of yoghurt. The determined pH in yoghurts did not differ significantly. Apparently a greater effect on the migration of phthalic acid esters will have in our case a different yoghurt consistency than pH. It would be appropriate to examine the effect of food density on the migration of phthalic acid esters. Likewise, it would be appropriate to examine the effect of pH but in the same food with different pH on the migration of phthalic acid esters.
Connections with the Land: A Scoping Review on Cultural Wellness Retreats as Health Interventions for Indigenous Peoples Living with HIV, Hepatitis C, or Both
Authors: Krementz Dana Harper , Macklin Chris , King Alexandra , Fleming Taylor , Kafeety Amani , Lambert Sandy , Laframboise Sandy Leo , Nicholson Valerie
Published: September 2018

Despite the availability of prevention and treatment services, the ongoing process of colonization has significantly contributed to disproportionate rates of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV/HCV coinfection among Indigenous peoples. This inequity highlights a deficit in health care's ability to provide effective and culturally relevant services. Indigenous peoples have used land-based cultural practices to promote wellness since time immemorial, yet they have rarely been evaluated as health interventions. Given the severity of these health inequities, it is imperative that gaps in research and services be addressed quickly and in “good way,” whereby the research undertaken is a sacred endeavor that is connected to ceremony and ancestral wisdom and contributes to healing. Land-based cultural-wellness retreats represent a fruitful path toward wholistic wellness and decolonization. The purpose of this review is to understand the theoretical utility of and wise practices for conducting land-based cultural-wellness retreats for Indigenous peoples with HIV, HCV, or both.
“You Can't Just Rely on What You Know Now”: Community Teachers' Perspectives on Language Education in a Revitalization Context
Authors: Laginha Kitty-Jean , Mahboob Ahmar
Published: September 2018

In this article, we present and discuss the findings of ten semistructured interviews with community language teachers (primarily of Gumbaynggirr, a language of coastal northern New South Wales, Australia) regarding their approaches to and perceptions of their language education practice, including their motivations, pedagogical orientations, choices, and aims. Inspired by the increasingly socially oriented trajectory of applied linguistics research, specifically research situating language teaching in social contexts, we illustrate how community language teachers act with socially oriented agency within a difficult environment. Their self-described approaches and views are shaped and enacted in light of the particular aims and challenges pertaining to language revitalization. The role and function of language teaching, as perceived by community teachers, is engaged with personal as well as wider social, historical issues that lie at the root of language loss in Australia.
Doing Indigenous Methodologies: Toward a Practice of the “Careful Partial Participant”
Authors: Brattland Camilla , Kramvig Britt , Verran Helen
Published: September 2018

In this article, we describe teaching through experimental writing workshops designed to introduce students to a way of writing that expresses Indigenous methodologies in recognizing multiple epistemic authorities. We propose an alternative configuration of the “author in the text” who comes to life in analytic texts generated with and through Indigenous methodologies. In approaching writing through a differently configured author, we propose a form of participatory ethnographic writing that encourages writers to see themselves as partially participating in the collective workings of Indigenous knowledge communities. Based on experiences from the organization of two experimental writing workshops with Indigenous studies and visual cultural studies master students at UiT (the University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway), we present a template with storytelling categories for transitioning fieldwork experience into text. How to “participate with care” thus fuels the possibility of such a transition as well as resistance within Indigenous scholarship and pedagogical approaches.
De la gramática náhuat-pipil, lengua salvadoreña bajo tachón
Authors: Lara Martínez Rafael
Published: September 2018

Recoger (ta-pixka), recolectar, atar en griego se dice legein. El enlace, tal es el logos. Es el lenguaje, cuya religió ajusta la atadura mágica, los fajos, todo lo que relaciona los objetos dispersos a una sola palabra. Su antónimo es el análisis que separa y distingue. Por ello, si la poesía es la síntesis que enlaza oraciones entre sí, la lingüística es la antítesis disolvente que las disgrega. La primera muestra el tragaluz abierto al día soleado; la otra demuestra la ventana cerrada ante la noche de luna en reposo. Si en Goya “los sueños de la razón producen monstruos” literarios, en el siglo XXI las siestas de la poesía engendran fórmulas lógicas. Hay dos “Artes muy curiosas de la lengua” que obran a contrapunto: poesía y lingüística. Traducción apócrifa de Pascal Quignard (14).Entorno, abril 2015, número 58: 42-56
Orientaciones deontológicas en el ejercicio de la profesión politológica
Authors: Aldeguer Cerdá Bernabé
Published: September 2018

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en exponer, de manera sucinta y exploratoria, los principales componentes éticos y las orientaciones deontológicas básicas, a los cuales se enfrentan los/as politólogos/ as en el ejercicio de su profesión. Este escrito presenta los principales propósitos de la Ciencia Política y de la Administración, desde el punto de vista normativo y prescriptivo, más allá de la actividad descriptiva y explicativa de la realidad política. Se destaca la importancia de los estándares deontológicos en el ejercicio de los objetivos evaluativos de la disciplina, así como la utilidad de la Ciencia Política y de la Administración en la generación de respuestas y propuestas a los problemas de las democracias contemporáneas.Entorno, abril 2015, número 58: 68-72
Desarrollo urbano sostenible a partir de un modelo de reactivación para cascos urbanos
Authors: Muñoz Márquez Coralia Rosalía
Published: September 2018

Las ciudades se conciben como proveedoras de las condiciones de vida para sus habitantes, y deben enfocarse a ofrecerles espacios cada vez más eficientes en los que las personas puedan realizar sus actividades. Hoy en día, el desarrollo urbano de las ciudades debe orientarse a proveer los espacios y recursos para que sus habitantes puedan alcanzar la sostenibilidad económica, social y ambiental.Sin embargo, las ciudades de municipios en el interior de El Salvador carecen de condiciones que permitan dicha sostenibilidad. Específicamente, los cascos urbanos o centros históricos de estas urbes suelen observarse abandonados, deteriorados o austeros, lo cual no permite aprovechar el potencial comercial o turístico que pueden ofrecer y genera condiciones de insalubridad e inseguridad que van en detrimento del bienestar de la población.La renovación urbana, por sí sola, no genera el desarrollo sostenible, pero sí constituye el escenario que provee los recursos espaciales necesarios para que este ocurra, contribuyendo a mejorar las condiciones de vida de los ciudadanos. Acciones puntuales para mejorar los cascos urbanos pueden ser el punto de partida para marcar la pauta de proyectos posteriores que alcancen otras zonas, brindando mejores condiciones de vida que sean sostenibles en el tiempo.Entorno, agosto 2015, número 59: 9-34
Severe folate deficiency anemia associated with the use of a PARP inhibitor (olaparib) in a patient with fallopian tube cancer
Authors: Yohannan Binoy , McIntyre Kristi , Feldman Mark
Published: September 2018

Treatment of cancer patients with olaparib (PARP inhibitor) is associated with an increased risk of anemia, which is seen in a majority of treated patients. However, symptomatic anemia requiring transfusion is rare. Olaparib-induced anemia can be secondary to bone marrow suppression, hemolysis or folate deficiency. We report a case of new onset severe folic acid deficiency anemia in a patient with breast and relapsed fallopian tube cancer being treated with olaparib. Complete blood count on admission showed a hemoglobin of 4.2 g/dl and serum folate was undetectable (< 1.6 ng/ml; reference range 7-31.4 ng/ml). This is the second report of olaparib-induced folate deficiency anemia. She received three units packed red cell transfusion and parenteral folic acid supplementation and improved symptomatically. This case highlights the importance of recognizing folate deficiency as a reversible cause of anemia with PARP inhibitor therapy.
The Tesla Currents in Electrodynamics
Authors: Chubykalo Andrew , Kuligin Viktor
Published: September 2018

The paper theoretically shows that the Maxwell equations in the Lorentz gauge deal with not only inertial charged particles, but also charged particles that do not have inertia (virtual charges). Virtual charges appear on the surface of metals. Their movement is the currents of Tesla. Experiments confirming their existence are presented, and some features that reveal them. The influence of virtual currents on the process of transfer of conduction electrons in p-n junctions of semiconductor devices is especially interesting. The results obtained can change our understanding of phenomena in the microcosm.
Learning Style Preferences among College Students
Authors: Alkooheji Lamya , Al-Hattami Abdulghani
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine what factors other than individual preferences affect undergraduate students’ learning style preferences, if learning style is influenced by gender, age, college affiliation and/or type of activities. A total of 185 students from the University of Bahrain, Bahrain, participated in an online VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/Write and Kinesthetic) for younger people questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 16 items about learning style preferences and three about participants’ demographics. The results showed that participants generally preferred multi-modular learning style with both kinesthetic and visual learning styling being most preferred while Reading/Writing was the least preferred. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences between students learning styles based on age and gender, but it was a moderate difference. What mostly affected the preferences, however, was the type of activities or tasks, something which in turn resulted in some difference among colleges. This suggests that VARK preferences need to be related to activity type rather than be observed at individual reference. Recommendations were provided at the end of the study.
Relationship between Individual Social Responsibilities and Personal Values of Teacher Candidates
Authors: Saracaloğlu Asuman Seda , Gerçeker Ceren Saygı
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between individual social responsibilities and personal values of primary school and music teacher candidates on the basis of gender, school grade and department variables. Survey model among quantitative methods was used in the research. The research sample consist of 162 (69.8%) primary school teacher candidates and 70 (30.2%) music teacher candidates receiving education in Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Education. 146 (62.9%) of the participants are female, and 86 (37.1%) were male teacher candidates. Also 104 (44.8%) freshman and 128 (55.2%) senior students were joined into the research. Questionnaire on Individual Social Responsibility and Questionnaire on Personal values were used as data collection tools. SPSS 21.00 statistics software was used for data analysis. Due to the normal distribution of data, t-test and one-way analysis of variance were conducted, then Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and regression analysis was performed. According to the obtained findings, personal values total scores of the participating teacher candidates did not significantly differ based on their gender and department, whereas they significantly differed in a school-grade based evaluation. The individual social responsibility total scores of the teacher candidates did not show a statistically significant difference on the basis of gender. Individual social responsibility levels were found to differ significantly based on school grade and department variables. Statistically significant positive and low level (between .18 and .39) correlations were found between the teacher candidates’ social responsibilities and academic average and personal values subscales.
Exploring Cross-Cultural Communication Courses in Media Literacy: Case Study of Using the University General Education Program “Citizen Journalism and Actions”
Authors: Wang Huei Lan
Published: September 2018

Values are at the center of culture, the core of intercultural communication, and the chief element affecting communication between nations. Currently, educating students regarding appropriate cognitive attitudes and behaviors in intercultural communication, the basis for the acquisition of intercultural citizenship, has become a challenge for educators. This paper presents a case study of an intercultural communication curriculum where students participate in a new community and thereby understand the differences between reality and media representation of foreign immigrants. At the end of class, the concept of “access media” will be presented to train students on producing community videos that voice the reality they have experienced through the curriculum processes to which they have been exposed. This involves training students to take social action against media manipulation of stereotypical images of foreign immigrants. This case study demonstrates how an intercultural communication process of learning transforms students. The data include an analysis and evaluation of classroom observations, student and teacher diaries, questionnaires, and focus groups to explain how students’ intercultural communication competence was developed and led to their acquiring intercultural citizenship qualities that include “action in the community,” in this case publishing their own community video. The article concludes by explaining how intercultural theory plays a significant role in intercultural communication and relationship formation, and provides a guide to assist teachers in Taiwan develop pedagogy of literacy for general education.
Financing a PPP Project: Sources and Financial Instruments—Case Study from China
Authors: Ngoc Linh Nguyen , Wan Xiao , Thi Thuy Hoang
Published: September 2018

The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model is often referred to as a new effective way in funding issue solving for infrastructure development and management. A PPP model project involves numerous of stakeholders and the most typical and basic PPP model comprised of three actors: Government, the private sector and financial institutions. Based on the features of PPPs, the differences between PPP model and traditional financing methods are clearly demonstrated through the financing period; investment and financing subject; property ownership; financing credit basis; financing purposes; source of repayment; guarantee; and degree of financing risk.

On the other hand, the selection of a suitable structure from the financial source is based on the choice of the best combination of equity and debt. In terms of project financing structure, it can be divided into three main sections: equity contributions, debt contributions and mezzanine/Subordinated contributions. Moreover, according to the characteristics of different PPPs, the financial structure of the project will be determined to optimize the financial benefits of the project. Furthermore, for each stage of the project, financial instruments will be used appropriately.

This paper will deliver a summary and review of PPP projects, as well as the stakeholders involved in implementing a project under a basic PPP model. In addition, this paper will discuss the financial structure of a project, and the PPP project financial instruments that commonly used will also be clearly analyzed. Based on the in-depth knowledge of the PPP model, the paper will depend on the development situation of the PPP model in some countries, especially China, to provide visual examples of each financial instrument.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 8, No. 5
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: September 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 8, No. 5, 2018. 
Herstel en vertrouwen: professionals, ervaringswerkers en de herstelvisie in de Nederlandse geestelijke gezondheidszorg
Authors: Kester Marijn , Lingbeek Olivier
Published: September 2018

Trust and recovery; professionals and peer workers in Dutch mental health care

This text wants to draw attention to the question: How do peer specialists build a bridge between the modus operandi of health care professionals and the lifeworld problems of clients receiving mental health care? The Dutch mental healthcare system has recently been host to a range of new developments. Two new trends can be distinguished, going by the name of ‘Recovery-oriented healthcare’ and the introduction of ‘Peer Specialists’. These coincide with changes in budget and organization of treatment. There is an increased awareness of the need for efficiency and cost reduction in the organization of care. The meaning and use of recovery-centered approaches and working with peer specialists remain fairly marginal enterprises due to ever increasing pressure emanating from execution of regulations and administrative procedures, and an accompanying decrease of professional autonomy. In the light of Habermas’ theoretical framework, it is an emphasis on a system-oriented organization of care that cause new approaches to barely be able to find a considerable place in the contemporary practice of mental healthcare in the Netherlands. Trust is identified as an essential foundation on the basis of which future principles of organization should be developed.
De opkomst van private verhuur in Nederland: woningnood als winst
Authors: Wind Barend
Published: September 2018

The rise of the private rental sector in the Netherlands: a profitable problem

During the last ten years, the private rental sector in the Netherlands has experienced a rapid growth. In the larger cities, this sector grew with 30 percent, mainly as a result of the large amount of private persons operating as small scale landlords (buy-to-let). This article reflects on the findings of a recent report on the nature of the buy-to-let sector in the Netherlands, carried out by Manuel Aalbers, Jelke Bosma, Rodrigo Fernandez and Cody Hochstenbach. This takes their findings as a starting point, and positions the Dutch private rental sector in an internationally comparative perspective. Furthermore, this article explains the rise of the buy-to-let sector not just from a housing market point of view, but from a welfare state perspective. In different European countries, the private rental sector plays a different role in the housing market, which impacts on the availability and affordability of housing in urban areas. Moreover, rental income for buy-to-let or small-scale private landlords can be seen as part of the provision of welfare. For some it is a pension arrangement, for others a speculative investment. This article reflects on the policy recommendations that Aalbers cum suis propose in their report. To what extent are their proposals able to increase the availability and affordability of housing, without undermining the livelihood of landlords for whom the rental incomes function as social security arrangement?
Reactie op Buy-to-let gewikt en gewogen
Authors: Martens Maartje
Published: September 2018

A review of buy-to-let gewikt en gewogen

The Socialist Party commissioned this academic study into the scale and impact of the recent rise of buy-to-let transactions in Dutch urban housing markets. The study focusses, however, on the rise of private rental housing. This definition of buy-to-let is challenged in this review, as is the impact of the recent rise of buy-to-let on the Dutch owner occupied housing market.
Bijsluiter bij: Buy-to-let gewikt en gewogen
Authors: Visser Marcel
Published: September 2018

Buy-to-let in the Netherlands

Over the past three years buy-to-let purchases have become a substantial presence in the Dutch housing market. Private investors buy existing homes in order to rent out. Rental yields have become attractive to a large group of individuals due to low interest rates and high rents. Though buy-to-let helps to increase the stock of rental homes (a broadly recognized need in the Netherlands) there are concerns about negative effects for instance on affordability for regular house seekers. A new group of buyers enters the market and this poses new or potentially aggrevated risks for the Dutch housing market, in particular regarding overall house price stability.
Vernietiging van de overeenkomst bij een oneerlijke handelspraktijk; een hanteerbare sanctie?
Authors: Pavillon C.M.D.S. , Tigelaar L.B.A.
Published: September 2018

Vernietiging van de overeenkomst bij een oneerlijke handelspraktijk; een hanteerbare sanctie?

Sinds juni 2014 kent de afdeling oneerlijke handelspraktijken een bijzondere vernietigingsgrond: art. 6:193j lid 3 BW. Deze bepaling is tot nu toe weinig toegepast, zo blijkt uit de gepubliceerde rechtspraak. In deze bijdrage wordt daarom onderzocht hoe hanteerbaar, in de zin van toegankelijk en gebruiksvriendelijk, de vernietigingsgrond uit art. 6:193j lid 3 BW eigenlijk is. Dit gebeurt door het analyseren van zes uitspraken. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat de vernietigingsgrond toegankelijk en gebruiksvriendelijk is voor de consument mede dankzij de rol van de rechter. De rechter is namelijk degene die meestal het initiatief neemt tot toepassing van de sanctie.
Het recht van verhaal van de eindverkoper: in Duitsland, in Nederland en in de toekomst
Authors: van Santen T.J.K.
Published: September 2018

Het recht van verhaal van de eindverkoper: in Duitsland, in Nederland en in de toekomst

Het recht van verhaal is in Nederland geregeld in artikel 7:25 BW en beoogt de beknelde eindverkoper te beschermen. Wanneer een consumentkoper zijn rechten jegens de eindverkoper heeft uitgeoefend, moet hij verhaal kunnen nemen op zijn voorschakel zodat hij niet met de aansprakelijkheid ‘blijft zitten’. De regeling beoogt dat de voor het gebrek verantwoordelijke partij uiteindelijk aansprakelijk is. Duitsland heeft op 1 januari 2018 enkele aanpassingen in het BGB doorgevoerd en ook het recht van verhaal aangepast.

Door de aanstaande invoering van twee nieuwe richtlijnen zullen de rechten van de consumentkoper aanzienlijk worden versterkt. Ook deze richtlijnen voorzien in een recht van verhaal voor de eindverkoper. De nieuwe regeling is gelijk aan de huidige Europese regeling, die aan duidelijkheid te wensen overlaat. Hoe de regeling in de praktijk uitpakt, blijft ook in de toekomst ongewis. Het effectiviteitsbeginsel brengt mee dat bij de uitoefening van het recht van verhaal de consumentenrechten ook door de eindverkoper moeten kunnen worden ingeroepen.
Boetes: een kwestie van niet overvragen
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: September 2018

Boetes: een kwestie van niet overvragen

In deze bijdrage staat het arrest Turan/Easystaff van de Hoge Raad centraal. Het arrest gaat over de matiging van boetes. In het artikel wordt stilgestaan bij de matiging van contractuele boetes en de daarbij te hanteren gezichtspunten. In zijn arrest Turan/Easystaff accordeert de Hoge Raad de door het hof gegeven gezichtspunten: penvoerderschap, de rechtvaardiging voor de omvang van de boete, de mate van invloed die de debiteur op het boetebeding heeft gehad, de vraag of de inbreuk die aanleiding gaf tot de boete structureel of incidenteel was, en of het doel waarvoor de boete is opgesteld door de beweerde inbreuk is geschaad.
Influence of plant growth regulators on sex differentiation and floral characteristics of pomegranate flowers: a case of brassinosteroids
Authors: Gokbayrak Zeliha , Engin Hakan
Published: September 2018

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of brassinosteroid application on the sex determination and floral growth of pomegranate flowers. Whole tress of Punica granatum ‘Mayhoş-8’ were sprayed with 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg L−1 28-homobrassinolide (Hbr) at bud break. The selection of flowers was based on the appearance of a visible pistil/stigma and shape of the ovary of intact flowers. Grouping of bisexual flowers was based on their flower position, i.e., single, terminal, and lateral flowers, during the first flush of flowering in mid-June. Approximately 20 days and 40 days after spraying, 100 randomly chosen bisexual flowers per collection time were collected and measurements of floral parts were immediately taken. The differences between bisexual and functional male flowers were not distinct enough to assert any significant effects from the different Hbr treatments. Irrespective of treatments, the percentage of male flowers was higher than that of bisexual flowers. Hbr treatments applied at the bud break period had significant effects only on bisexual flowers that developed as single flowers. Applying 0.01 mg L−1 Hbr produced comparably lower percentages of single bisexual flowers (53.4%). Although the 0.1 and 0.001 mg L−1 Hbr treatments resulted in increased percentages of bisexual flowers, the difference was not significant. For the first collection time (mid-June), the effects of Hbr concentration on the size of the floral parts for bisexual flowers were only significant in ovary width and stigma diameter. As the concentration decreased, smaller ovaries were obtained. During the second flowering, application of 0.01 mg L−1 Hbr considerably increased the overall sizes of floral parts in bisexual flowers. Hbr might affect the ratio of flower formation in certain positions on a branch and could influence the growth of floral parts in bisexual flowers. Further elucidation of these effects would help to better understand floral organ development in plants.
Technological conditions of intermodal transhipment terminals in Poland
Authors: Nader Mirosław , Kostrzewski Arkadiusz , Kostrzewski Mariusz
Published: September 2018

The following paper introduces comparison and evaluation of two intermodal transport technologies. The first of them is “rolling motorway” technology, better known as “Rollende Landstrasse” or ”Ro–La”, while the second one is called pocket wagons technology. We present general characteristics of chosen intermodal freight transport technologies in a form of a brief description of both intermodal technologies. Moreover, we describe initial processes, loading and operations in the case of the two mentioned technologies. The paper contains as well as computing example and the schemes of intermodal freight transhipments terminals for “rolling motorway” and pocket wagons technologies and inevitably means of transport to be used in the technologies. The chosen wagon types taken into consideration are as it follows. In case of “Rollende Landstrasse” technology we chose wagon types of 602S, Saadkkms and Saadkms and in case of the second technology the chosen types of wagons are: Sdggmrss, Sdgnss and Sdgmnss. Different kind of wagons in mentioned technologies are pictured and briefly described. Additionally, freight wagons – potentially used in the mentioned technologies – are evaluated with use of selected methods applicable in evaluation of alternatives. Wagons are evaluated under the specified conditions, especially with taking into consideration chosen operational parameters of them. In conclusion we relate to current condition of internal transhipment terminals in Poland and other aspects that concern them.
Speed management as a measure to improve road safety on Polish regional roads
Authors: Gaca Stanisław , Pogodzińska Sylwia
Published: September 2018

The article presents the issue of the implementation of speed management measures on regional roads, whose character requires the use of different solutions than those on national roads. The authors briefly described speed management measures, the conditions for their implementation and their effectiveness with reference to environmental conditions and road safety. The further part of the paper presents selected results of the authors' research into the speed on various road segments equipped with different speed management measures. The estimations were made as to the impact of local speed limits and traffic calming measures on drivers' behaviour in free flow conditions. This research found that the introduction of the local speed limits cause reduction in average speed and 85th percentile speed up to 11.9 km/h (14.4%) and 16.3 km/h (16.8%) respectively. These values are averaged in the tested samples. Speed reduction depends strongly on the value of the limit and local circumstances. Despite speed reduction, the share of drivers who do not comply with speed limits was still high and ranged from 43% in the case of a 70 km/h limit, up to 89% for a 40 km/h limit. As far as comprehensive traffic calming measures are concerned, results show decrease in average speed and 85th percentile speed up to 18.1 km/h and 20.8 km/h respectively. For some road segments, however, the values of average speed and 85th percentile speed increased. It confirms that the effectiveness of speed management measures is strongly determined by local circumstances.
Development of a mathematical model of the generalized diagnostic indicato on the basis of full factorial experiment
Authors: Sychenko Viktor G. , Mironov Dmytro V.
Published: September 2018

Purpose. The aim of this work is to develop a mathematical model of the generalized diagnostic indicator of the technical state of traction substations electrical equipment. Methodology. The main tenets of the experiment planning theory, methods of structural-functional and multi-factor analysis, methods of mathematical and numerical modeling have been used to solve the set tasks. Results. To obtain the mathematical model of the generalized diagnostic indicator, a full factorial experiment for DC circuit breaker have been conducted. The plan of the experiment and factors affecting the change of the unit technical condition have been selected. The regression equation in variables coded values and the polynomial mathematical model of the generalized diagnostic indicator of the circuit breaker technical condition have been obtained. On the basis of regression equation analysis the character of influence of circuit breaker diagnostic indicators values on generalized diagnostic indicator changes has been defined. As a result of repeated performances of the full factorial experiment the mathematical models for other types of traction substations power equipment have been obtained. Originality. An improved theoretical approach to the construction of generalized diagnostic indicators mathematical models for main types of traction substations electric equipment with using the methods of experiments planning theory has been suggested. Practical value. The obtained polynomial mathematical models of the generalized diagnostic indicator D can be used for constructing the automated system of monitoring and forecasting of the traction substations equipment technical condition, which allows improving the performance of processing the diagnostic information and ensuring the accuracy of the diagnosis. Analysing and forecasting the electrical equipment technical condition with the using of mathematical models of generalized diagnostic indicator changes process allows constructing the optimal strategy of maintenance and repair based on the actual technical condition of the electrical equipment. This will reduce material and financial costs of maintenance and repair work as well as the equipment downtime caused by planned inspections and repair improving reliability and uptime of electrical equipment.
Financial reporting in the light of the systems approach and social sciences methodology: The conceptual frameworks perspective
Authors: Nowak Wojciech A.
Published: September 2018

The keynote topic of this paper encompasses the process of financial reporting seen as a research process in the sense of social sciences methodology, from the perspective of the systems approach. Attention is focused on the cognitive aspect of conceptual frameworks for financial reporting. The paper aims to exam- ine whether a conceptual framework can be a theory for financial reporting. The research method is based on a foundational approach under the qualitative research method, encompassing descriptive and analytic approaches. There are two basic hypotheses: (a) a conceptual framework for financial reporting represents the systemic aspect of an economic entity and its social component, and (b) the conceptaul framework for financial reporting defines an irreplaycable way of doing this, indicating that a unit of the medium of exchange (money) must be used for measurement purposes, as an adequate flow of the meduium of exchange is essential to maintain openess of the system, and the usefulness of the representation for shaping that openness depends on the use of that particular unit of measurement. The aim has been successfully performed, and both hypotheses have been positively verified. This gives a newperspective on financial report- ing and its conceptual framework, in scientific, social and economic terms.