bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of restricted feeding and re-alimentation of dietary protein or energy on compensatory growth of sheep
Authors: Addah W. , Ayantunde A. , Okine E.K.
Published: April 2021

The study investigated the effects of re-alimenting dietary protein or energy on growth, carcass characteristics and meat eating quality parameters of sheep. Twenty-seven intact rams (~9 months; 11.3 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was fed a maintenance diet (MT) containing, on dry matter (DM) basis, 105 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 8.4 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy (ME) for 30 days. Thereafter, they were continually fed the same MT or re-alimented with a high protein diet (HP) containing 169 g/kg DM CP and 9.3 MJ/kg ME or a high energy diet (HE) containing 123 g/kg DM CP and 10.6 MJ/kg ME for an additional 30 days to determine the effects of re-alimentation of protein or energy on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. During the initial 30-day period, DM intake (DMI) and growth performance were similar among the three groups. However, upon re-alimentation, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency of sheep re-alimented with HP were greater than those maintained continually on MT or re-alimented with HE. Sheep on HP had higher feed efficiency, ADG and heavier carcasses than those fed MT or re-alimented with HE during the whole 60-day period. Growth of most viscera was less responsive to the restriction-re-alimentation feeding regimen except for the weights of the lungs, heart and intestines. Meat from sheep re-alimented with HE had a more intense ‘sheepy’ flavour than those fed MT or re-alimented with HP, but juiciness and tenderness were not affected. The higher ADG of sheep re-alimented with protein may be related more to enhanced efficiency of feed utilization than to higher DMI.Keywords: average daily gain, feed restriction, nutrient utilization efficiency, visceral organs
The influence of habitat preference on longitudinal population composition and distribution of Groupers (Serranidae) in Chumbe Island Coral Park, Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Daley Caroline
Published: April 2021

A survey of six common grouper (Serranidae) species was conducted on both the western protected and eastern unprotected reefs around Chumbe Island, Zanzibar. Species, estimated maturity, and habitat were recorded using standardized categories. Fundamental niche and general habitat preference were extrapolated based on observed realized niche and qualified based on substrate, depth, slope position, and general reef region. Taking habitat preference into account, abundance and biomass density of serranid populations were compared between locations on the reef in order to best account for how habitat influences distribution and population health. The results of this study provide depth to previous research on the protected reef and indicate noteworthy shifts in population composition between 2014 and 2018 that favour species with less specified habitat preference, such as Aethaloperca rogaa and Cephalopholis argus. Surveys of Chumbe’s nearby unprotected eastern reef indicate low levels of species abundance, which this study hypothesizes is the result of inappropriate habitat structure, increased fishing pressure, and decreased population health within the MPA. Ultimately, this study suggests that MPAs do not protect all species equally, and habitat preference must be taken into account when assessing MPA effectiveness at protecting different species. Indeed, especially as serranid habitat faces continued degradation, serranid conservation will depend even more on protection of each species’ preferred habitat in coral systems. As such, assessing serranid populations as a whole fails to capture the changes in population distribution and composition that is occurring between species, which may be more indicative of shifts and disturbances in the ecosystem.
Morphological and meristic characters of six rabbitfish species (Family: Siganidae) in Kenya
Authors: Anam Rashid O. , Mwatete Chrisestom M. , Wambiji Nina
Published: April 2021

Siganus species (rabbitfishes) are caught by artisanal fishers in Kenyan marine waters. The identification of recently captured rabbitfish species is based on colour patterns, but colours fade after death or during preservation, making species identification more difficult. Morphometric measurements and meristics are then useful in differentiating between species. Twenty-four morphological and twelve meristic characteristics of rabbitfish were obtained from samples collected at six landing sites along the Kenyan coast. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to evaluate variability among the species. Four of six rabbitfish species showed similar body morphometry and could not be distinguished using PCA analysis, but Siganus stellatus and S. luridus differed from the other species and each other. No clear morphological evidence of separate stocks of individual rabbitfish species was found, apart from S. rivulatus for which the sample size was small. It is recommended that existing taxonomic descriptions are updated to include additional distinctive characters documented in this study.
Nematodes as bio-indicators of physical disturbance of marine sediments following polychaete bait harvesting
Authors: Wafula Matthews , Muthumbi Agnes W. , Wangondu Virginia , Kihia Charles , Okondo Julius
Published: April 2021

Sediment disturbance in marine environments is caused by activities including polychaete bait harvesting, trawling, dredging, sediment erosion and treading. These activities affect the benthic communities by changing the densities, community assemblage and diversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of nematodes as indicators of sediments disturbance following polychaete bait harvesting. The study was conducted in three sites experiencing different bait harvesting intensities in Mida Creek, Kenya. Sediment samples were collected from the mudflats during low tide, preserved in 5% formalin and transported to the laboratory for processing and identification of nematodes. The highly disturbed site recorded the lowest nematode genus richness while the less disturbed sites had the highest. Overall, the most abundant nematode genera in the non-disturbed (Dabaso) and less disturbed sites (Kirepwe) were selective deposit feeders (Spirinia and Terschellingia), while most disturbed sites (e.g. Mayonda) had predators/omnivores (Pheronus, Aporcelaimellus) and selected members of the genus Spirinia. The disturbed site was characterised by low nematode diversity (H’) and low dominance (D) while the non-disturbed and less disturbed sites had higher diversity and dominance. Clearly, nematode community assemblage, diversity and feeding guilds changed following disturbance to a low diversity that favoured higher proportions of predator/omnivore taxa.
Distribution without representation? Beyond the rights of nature in the southern Ecuadorian highlands
Authors: Fitz-Henry Erin
Published: April 2021

Despite the fact that Ecuador has arguably the most biocentric constitution in the world, deepening national investment in extractive development projects has left communities on the frontlines of these projects desperate for greater participation in decision-making processes currently monopolized by centralized ministries. The result has been a flourishing over the past two years of sub-national judicial and non-judicial challenges to strategic mining projects. Integral to these challenges is the constitutional language of rights for nature (Articles 71–4). Drawing on ethnographic research around the Río Blanco gold and silver mine in the southern highland province of Azuay, this article explores the diverse and surprising ways in which these environmental rights are being taken up as part of fundamental challenges to the decision-making monopolies of the Ministries of the Environment and of Mining. While numerous scholars of human and indigenous rights have recently lamented the fact that ‘rights-talk’ often appears unable to arrest or destabilize extractive imperatives, the case of Río Blanco suggests that, when embraced as part of wider social struggles for representation, rights-based approaches might be more potent than is currently being recognized. They may even encourage an important reorientation of some of the binaries that continue to preoccupy critical scholars of development.
An engraved invitation to consider human–earth relations: thinking non-dualism through the mining-based art practice of Lee Harrop
Authors: Norman Jana
Published: April 2021

The scale and ubiquity of global industrialized mining and its proportionately negative impact on human rights and the environment is well documented. These costly externalities, taken in the context of increasing demand for mined materials in technical applications such as mobile phones and other devices seen as essential to contemporary commerce and communication, focalize a range of contentious issues and complexities. This article argues that mining, as an instance of instrumentalism in the human–earth relationship and in many human–human relations, exposes the reason/nature dualism underlying western ontological assumptions. Key features of dualism are described and implicated for their role in the oppression and exploitation of both human and non-human Others. A map drawn from critical ecological feminism outlining an escape route out of dualism is unfolded and brought together with the onto-ethico-epistemology of agential realism in an effort to discover possibilities for a new western social imaginary of non-dualism. The art of Lee Harrop featuring engraved core samples from mining exploration is deployed as a productive site for thinking through non-dualising implications arising from science and new materialisms.
BUILD KNOWLEDGE GRAPH FROM HETEROGENEOUS DOCUMENTS
Authors: CHÍ HIẾU NGUYỄN
Published: April 2021

Knowledge Graphs are applied in many fields such as search engines, semantic analysis, and question answering in recent years. However, there are many obstacles for building knowledge graphs as methodologies, data and tools. This paper introduces a novel methodology to build knowledge graph from heterogeneous documents.  We use the methodologies of Natural Language Processing and deep learning to build this graph. The knowledge graph can use in Question answering systems and Information retrieval especially in Computing domain
AUTOMATED CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION USING CIRCLECI AND FIREBASE FOR ANDROID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: PHƯƠNG GIANG NGUYỄN THỊ , MINH KHOA TRẦN THỊ
Published: April 2021

Continuous Integration (CI) is the most common practice among software developers where they integrate their work into a frequent baseline. The industry 4.0 is facing huge challenges while developing Software at multiple sites and tested on multiple platforms. Today, so many CI tools widely used for software development as CircleCI, Jenkins, Travis. CircleCI is one of the CI tools that can helps in automating the complete process, reducing the works of a developer and check the development at each and every step of Software evolution. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of CircleCI for android application development. Firebase Test Lab will be used for some additional automation testing.
Fetal Heart Rate Extraction using NLMS Algorithm
Authors: K. Ricky , M Arjuna , Aminifar Sadegh
Published: April 2021

This project develops a fetal heart rate (FHR) extraction application to analyze the fetus activity in the mother uterus. Several methods are available that can be used to detect FHR such as using the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) that generated by fetus’ heart. Extracting FECG signals is considered a major challenge while the fetus is inside the mother uterus. Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) algorithm is one of adaptive filters that is chosen as adaptive filter to get FECG. Pan Tompkins algorithm is used for tracking R-peaks of heartbeat pulses of FECG signal. After detecting the RR interval a formula is used to calculate the bpm (heartbeat per minute) of FECG. Abdominal and direct FECG (ADFECG) database will be used to evaluate the implemented techniques as it has reference signal. At the end of research, calculated FHR is varied from 125.4 bpm to 130.3 bpm. When comparison is done between abdominal ECG (AECG) and direct FECG (DFECG), the error of FHR is 0.1%. The accuracy of R-peaks extraction is 100% where all R-peaks are detected by implemented techniques. MATLAB is used for signal simulations. This system will have ability to interpret the non-invasive FECG (NIFECG) database and compute its FHR.
Logarithmic Divergence Measure for Fuzzy Matrix and Application
Authors: Rani Alka , Sharma Omdutt , Gupta Priti
Published: April 2021

This paper introduces a new divergence measure for a fuzzy matrix with proof of its validity. In addition, the properties are proved for the new fuzzy divergence measure. A method to solve decision making problem is developed by using the proposed fuzzy divergence measure. Finally, the application of this fuzzy divergence measure to decision making is shown using real-life example
The Effectiveness of the Interaction of Interactive Book Cues and Levels of Information Processing on Learning Retention and External Cognitive Load
Authors: Ibrahem Usama M. , Alkhabra Saleh A. , ALharbi Bader A.
Published: April 2021

This study explores interactive e-book cues and Information Processing Levels (IPL)’s effectiveness on Learning Retention (LR) and External Cognitive Load (ECL). 117 middle school pupils (MSP) were divided into six experimental groups based on their IPL and cues during the second term of the academic year 2019–2020. Visual Cues (VC)/Audiovisual Cues (VAC) and Auditory Cues (AC)/Audiovisual Cues (VAC) statistically varied in the Ie-book in LR test and ECL scale, same for the average scores when testing the LR in Science for MSP due to the difference between IPL for the DL. There is a statistically significant effect of cue types' interaction in Ie-book with IPL in ECL scale for MSP, at its highest peak in the case of the AVC with DL, followed by the interaction resulting from the VC with DL then AC with SL. Also, cues interaction in Ie-book with IPL immensely affect the LR test for MEP, which is at its highest peak in the case of the AVC with DL. The interactions between (DL–SL) and (AC–VC) seem to equally influence the ELC
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS: AN APPLICATION OF ACTION RESEARCH
Authors: Rif'at Mohamad , Khalimi Soleh
Published: April 2021

Abstract.  The purpose is to implement action research in mathematics teaching and learning process. The questions addressed are: (1) Is the teaching and learning process compatible with the management standard? And (2) how does the teaching and learning process influence the ability to handle varies needs of students? The research procedure is the researcher observed by the lecturers of mathematics through survey about the knowledge and experience based on the standard. The implementation directed at improving student learning outcomes and the improvements to the didactical, methodical and pedagogical components. Through the research activity: (1) directly involved in providing action; (2) to learn and apply the knowledge and thoughts; (3) get social measures; (4) openly justified biases to students; (5) get a permanent effect on the groups; and (6)  to contribute to the desired changes.The data is qualitative and quantitative and analyzed descriptively. The results are: (a) the compatible with teaching standard, i.e., more benefit, practical, valid and reliable and (b) the teaching and learning process accomodated to vary of the student needs.Keywords: action research; compatible; didactical; pedagogical; methodical
EKSISTENSI SUKU DAYAK SEBERUANG MENGHADAPI TEKANAN MODERNISASI MELALUI RITUAL GAWAI DAYAK
Authors: Peterianus Septian , Mastiah Mastiah
Published: April 2021

Tujuan akhir dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana Eksistensi Suku Dayak Seberuang dalam Menghadapi Tekanan Modernisasi melalui Ritual Dayak Dayak. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pengunaan metode kualitatif dikarenakan oleh permasalahan belum jelas, holistik, komplek, dinasmis serta penuh makna. hasil wawancara dengan beberapa tokoh adat di Dusun Pau Tengah Desa Nanga Pau menunjukkan bahwa Gawai Dayak suku Seberuang mampu bertahan menghadapi tekanan modernisasi. Hal tersebut ditunjukan dengan beberapa hal seperti: Pertama, masih ada suku Dayak yang menguasai dan mengerti tata cara melaksanakan ritual menggunakan bahasa dayak Seberuang. Kedua, seluruh elemen masyarakat antusias mengikuti prosesi ritual adat dari awal sampai berakhir. Ketiga, peralatan yang digunakan tetap tradisional, menunjukkan bahwa tradisi asli suku Dayak Seberuang masih tetap dipertahankan.
KETERLAKSANAAN KURIKULUM 2013 MATA PELAJARAN PENJASORKES DI SEKOLAH DASAR SE-KECAMATAN MELIAU
Authors: Eksanurianto Widia Tri , Supriatna Eka , Hidasari Fitriana Puspa
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Public Elementary Schools in Meliau District have not been able to implement the 2013 curriculum, due to incomplete supporting facilities to implement the 2013 curriculum. The aim of this research is to achieve know the implementation of the 2013 curriculum for Physical Education subjects in Elementary Schools in Meliau District. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive research type, with survey methods and data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The subjects in this study were 28 teachers of PJOK SD in Meliau District. To analyze the data used descriptive statistics with percentages. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the implementation of the 2013 curriculum for physical education and health services in elementary schools throughout Meliau District in implementing the 2013 curriculum is in the very high category of 0%, the high category is 7.1%, the moderate category is 67.9%, the low category is 21.4 % and very low category of 3.6%. Based on these results it can be concluded that the implementation of the 2013 curriculum for Physical Education subjects in Elementary Schools in Meliau District is mostly in the medium category.Keywords: Elementary schools, implementation of PJOK teachers, Implementation of the 2013 curriculumAbstrak: Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Kabupaten Meliau belum mampu melaksanakan kurikulum 2013, dikarenakan fasilitas pendukung yang belum lengkap untuk melaksanakan kurikulum 2013. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kurikulum 2013 mata pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Meliau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif, dengan metode survei dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 28 guru SD PJOK di Kabupaten Meliau. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan statistik deskriptif dengan persentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Jasmani dan Pelayanan Kesehatan di Sekolah Dasar se-Kabupaten Meliau dalam melaksanakan Kurikulum 2013 berada pada kategori sangat tinggi yaitu 0% kategori tinggi 7,1. %, kategori sedang 67.9%, kategori rendah 21.4% dan kategori sangat rendah 3.6%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi kurikulum 2013 mata pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Meliau sebagian besar berada pada kategori sedang.Kata Kunci: Sekolah Dasar, Penerapan Guru PJOK, Penerapan Kurikulum 2013
Mapa da vegetação nativa declarada no Cadastro Ambiental Rural - CAR em Montes Claros-MG
Authors: Aparecido Wagner Aparecido Silva
Published: April 2021

Objetivou-se explanar o mapa com o quantitativo declarado de vegetação nativa ao Cadastro Ambiental Rural - CAR, em Montes Claros-MG, no período de 2012 a 2019. Norteado na teoria geossistêmica, utilizou-se: o número disponibilizado pelo IEF/SICAR referente à vegetação declarada em hectares, inserção deste ao Sistema de Informação Geográfica -SIG ArcGIS onde foram tabulados, e, somados às convenções cartográficas, resultaram na elaboração do mapa. Do total de 8.070 imóveis cadastrados, 4.439 deles declararam a vegetação nativa a qual encontra-se: predominante no entorno do Parque Estadual da Lapa Grande, onde foi declarada vegetação de cerca de 2.907 a 7.773 hectares, nas médias propriedades que cadastraram cerca de 300 a 2.906 hectares e nas pequenas propriedades que cadastraram porções de 01 a 160 hectares de vegetação. O mapa ainda apresenta cor branca referente à vegetação não castrada, bem como pontos escuros referentes às áreas de solo exposto. Preservar a vegetação de Cerrado e a Floresta Estacional Decidual montesclarenses motivou mapear, para melhor monitoramento e o CAR mostrou-se eficaz instrumento de regularização ambiental neste quesito.
ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS AND ESTIMATION OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FISH IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN - STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Akinhanmi T. F. , Akinwunmi F. , Ajala O. O. , Usanga E. E.
Published: April 2021

Fish is a major source of food in many parts of the world because they contribute to solving the global food problem and provide the well-known proteins, minerals, vitamin and trace elements content. Concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were determined in various parts of the fish (liver, gill, bone and muscle) of Mackerel (Scomber scombrus), Sardine (Sardinella longiceps), Hake (Merluccius merluccius) and Express (Platax scalaris) which were purchased from two major markets in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Heavy metal levels in the fish samples were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS Buck 211). Health risks related to Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd were assessed based on target hazard quotient (THQ). Results obtained showed variations in the levels of heavy metals across the various tissues in the fish samples. The concentration of Fe was highest in all the tissues in the fish samples with the gill recording the highest level. There were higher concentrations of heavy metals in the gills than in other tissues of the fish samples. The trend of heavy metal levels in the tissues was found to be Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd. Highest levels of Pb and Cd in the muscle were 1.92 ± 0.04 and 0.64 ± 0.04 mg/kg in Merlucciusmerloccius and Scomberscombrus respectively. The concentrations of Pb and Cd were higher in the muscles of all the samples than European Community and Food and Agriculture Organization maximum permissible levels. The health risks from Ni and Pb were found highest among all the heavy metals in the fish samples. THQ values of Cu and Cd in Sardinellalongiceps and Cu in Merlucciusmerloccius were higher than 1. Health risk assessment of Ni and Pb in all the fish studied and Cd in Sardinellalongiceps indicates that their consumption may be unsafe.
EEG Controlled Exoskeleton
Authors: N Dr. Pandya Vyomal , Dr. Y. Sreenivasulu , Dr. V. Jayaprakasan
Published: April 2021

A physically paralyzed person is doomed to stay on
a chair or the bed making him completely at mercy of a
helper. To help these patients this device uses a Brain
Computer Interface (BCI). A brain-computer interface (BCI)
is a computer-based system that acquires brain signals,
analyses them, and translates them into commands that are
relayed to an output device to carry out a desired action. In
principle, any type of brain signal could be used to control
a BCI system. This device is an Exoskeleton made of steel/iron
that will be attached the Patient who is Physically Paralyzed.
An exoskeleton is the external skeleton that supports and
protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton
(endoskeleton) of, for example, a human. It will give support
to the Patient while standing up so that he/she doesn’t fall
down. The Brainwaves being read by the EEG will be fed to a
neural networking model coded using Google’s Tensor Flow
which will create a model with a high enough accuracy to
understand the intentions of the patient i.e. whether to stand
up or not and the direction of movement. The Real-time data
will be given to the existing model and the motors of the
exoskeleton will move accordingly.
EFFECT OF INTERNAL CONTROL ON EXECUTION OF CAPITAL PROJECT IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM ANAMBRA STATE PUBLIC SECTOR
Authors: Ezejiofor Raymond , Ebubechukwu Jacinta , Ndum Ngozi
Published: April 2021

This study ascertained the effect of internal control on the execution of capital projects in Anambra States, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. A sample of 118 Auditors and Accountants and staff of various Ministries and Departments in Anambra State. The formulated hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The regression result shows that personnel control (PSC) has a positive and significant effect on the capital project execution in the state. The regression result also shows that management control (MGC) has a positive but insignificant effect on the capital project execution in Anambra state, Nigeria. It therefore recommends that, management control execution should be strengthened up in such regions as these were found to be positively and significantly affecting the rate of capital project execution in the state. Also Public sectors in the state, as well, the use internal control system to minimize the level of the neglected project in the state should be considered.
Researching the Mechanisms of Gossip in Organizations: From Fly on the Wall to Fly in the Soup
Authors: Darmon Dominique
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I explored how to research a sensitive topic such as gossip in organizations and used a narrative approach to illustrate the methodological and ethical issues that come up when considering a variety of research methods. I first attempted to conduct an ethnographic research on a project group from a Dutch university undergoing a major change. At the very beginning of the project, as a participant observer, I struggled to remain an outsider, or a “fly on the wall.” But as issues of power came into play and access became increasingly problematic, I moved towards the role of an “observing participant.” Therefore, in order to research gossip and some of the hidden dimensions of organizational life, I turned to auto- and self-ethnography as a way to regain access and greater authenticity. While following this route presented its share of ethical and methodological issues, it also provided valuable insights that could be of value to researchers attempting to study sensitive topics such as gossip in organizations.
Student-Athletes’ Experiences with Racial Microaggressions in Sport: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis
Authors: Lee Sae-Mi , Bernstein Malayna , Etzel Edward , Gearity Brian , Kuklick Clayton
Published: April 2021

Despite growing research on racial microaggressions as a subtle but prevalent form of racial discrimination, research on microaggressions in sport and their effects on the psychosocial wellbeing of athletes is scarce. Moreover, some researchers question the legitimacy of microaggressions due to their subtle nature and inconsistency in how they are experienced (Lilienfeld, 2017). The purpose of this study was to examine U.S. collegiate student-athletes-of-color experiences with racial microaggressions in sport through a new theoretical lens, Foucauldian poststructuralist theory. We theorized microaggressions as an example of the daily panoptic gaze that leads to self-surveillance and the production of normalized individuals (Foucault, 1995). Eight student-athletes-of-color participated in two interviews: a two-person focus group interview followed by an individual interview. The interviews were analyzed deductively using Sue’s (2010) microaggression typology followed by a Foucauldian discourse analysis (Willig, 2013). The results illustrated how student-athletes-of-color experiences and subjectivities were racialized. Within sport, the sport as transcending race discourse was widely circulated and legitimized through various sporting practices, which limited athletes’ ability to perceive and acknowledge race and microaggressions. This study sheds light on how racial microaggressions manifest in the lives of student-athletes and how the discourses and practices we take for granted constitute racial subjectivities.
Critical Reflections in International Contexts: PolyEthnographic Accounts of an International Doctoral Research Seminar
Authors: Fedoruk Lisa , Woodend Jon , Groen Janet , Beek Avis , Roy Sylvie , Wu Xueqin , Li Xiang
Published: April 2021

As the world becomes more globally interconnected, international partnerships, including those within higher education, have increased. In an exemplar of these international partnerships from an academic standpoint, selected doctoral students and faculty from Australian, Chinese, and Canadian universities participated in an International Doctoral Research Seminar held in China in December 2015. The objective of this seminar was to have academic debate regarding educational reform. A critical by-product of this seminar was the meaning made by the participants from this experience. This paper reviews the critical polyethnographic reflections of the Canadian participants for three salient and influential topics including the role of culture, power dynamics, and organizational systems, all in relation to this international academic partnership experience. These reflections have ramifications for future programs specifically for enhancing the international development of doctoral students under the broader umbrella of international academic partnerships.
Coping with Stigma and Social Exclusion of Terror-Convicts’ Wives in Indonesia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Rufaedah Any , Putra Idhamsyah
Published: April 2021

This research aims to: (1) understand the various forms of stigma and social exclusion toward the wives of those convicted of terrorism, (2) understand the psychological impact of stigma and social exclusion toward the wives, (3) understand the coping mechanism of the wives toward stigma and social exclusion. The all Muslim participants were 24 wives of terror convicts or former convicts who lived in East Java, Central Java, and West Java. The data were collected through interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), whereas interpretative psychological analysis were used to explore the participants’ experience. Results of the study show that participants were stigmatized as “terrorist,” and “ISIS.” As a result, they received verbal abuse both directly and indirectly as well as threats of physical violence. The psychological impact felt by participants were a deep sense of shame and trauma. Three participants often still regret the situation although their husbands’ arrest happened 3 to 12 years ago. The way participants deal with the stigma is through ignorance, hiding the real condition, and resettling at a different place.
Disclosing an Eating Disorder: A Situational Analysis of Online Accounts
Authors: Williams Emily , Russell-Mayhew Shelly , Ireland Alana
Published: April 2021

Disclosing a mental illness can be difficult, especially for those affected by eating disorders. Individuals impacted by eating disorders often worry that disclosing their situation may lead to fear, judgment, and stigmatization. Online eating disorder communities have become increasingly popular, hosting thousands of users worldwide, and may be safe places for individuals with eating disorders to communicate and connect. In this postmodern study, we utilized situational analysis to examine online accounts on publically accessible websites where individuals discussed disclosing eating disorders. Situational Analysis utilizes illustrative mapping techniques to demonstrate the complexity of the situation of inquiry, allowing researchers to highlight heterogeneities. Our findings demonstrated (a) the fight that frequently occurs after an eating disorder disclosure, (b) the notion that eating disorders are a monstrous issue, and (c) stigmatization one experiences after disclosing and when considering to disclose. This study has potential to inform educational recommendations given to the public about disclosures and stigma in regard to eating disorders, as well as earlier identification and treatment outcomes for individuals with eating disorders.
Utilizing Multi-Grounded Theory in a Dissertation: Reflections and Insights
Authors: Freeman Sydney
Published: April 2021

Recently developed and growing in popularity in Europe, Multi-Grounded Theory is seldom used in the United States today. In order to promote the research method, this article traces the academic origins of Multi-Grounded Theory and, via a personal reflection, provides an example of successful employment of this approach. Multi-Grounded Theory is recommended to strong, organized doctoral candidates and other researchers who are able to navigate the combination of qualitative and quantitative data encouraged by this approach.
Discovering Meaning-Making in A Child Custody Context: The Combined Benefits of Using van Manen's Phenomenology and A Critical Lens
Authors: Archer-Kuhn Beth
Published: April 2021

Phenomenology as a methodology reveals lived experience (van Manen, 2017); as such, it is an excellent methodology to help us understand the parent perceptions and experiences of child custody decision-making. Qualitative researchers have explored the ways in which lived experience is influenced by issues of culture and gender (Kall & Zeiler, 2014). In this paper, I explain how the key tenets of phenomenology, epoché and reduction, revealed the importance of custody status for participants, and also discuss how differences in gender was rendered invisible in the initial analysis. The flexible nature of phenomenology allowed me to use a critical lens after the initial analysis to consider another understanding of the parent experience, while still revealing lived experience. These new understandings better position us for social justice work.
Collaborative Poetic Processes: Methodological Reflections on Co-Writing with Participants
Authors: Manning Susan
Published: April 2021

This article illustrates how the author engaged in a collaborative poetry-making process with two participants, Margaret and Mary, in this feminist qualitative research study exploring women’s experiences of displacement, as loss of sense of place, in Newfoundland, Canada. The author evaluates some of the key successes of this type of process, including credible representation of participants’ experiences and reciprocity in the research process, as well as some of the methodological and philosophical tensions surrounding co-writing with participants that emerged during the poetry process. This article will be of particular interest to researchers and students who are looking for ways to collaborate with participants in crafting poems about their lived experience in poetic inquiry work.
Land Reform in South Africa: The Conversation That Never Took Place
Authors: Makombe Godswill
Published: April 2021

After independence, South Africa embarked on a land reform programme that is meant to redress the highly inequitable land ownership which resulted from Apartheid. The programme comprises land redistribution, land restitution and land tenure. On restitution projects, the maintenance of production has been highly problematic. Loss of production means there is very little or no livelihoods impacts from restitution. The beneficiaries of restitution projects usually have neither farming experience nor capital to continue or restart the farm operations. As a result, most restitution projects are either non-functional or are functioning at a meager fraction of previous levels. Most studies on restitution have been carried out by studying the beneficiaries but not previous owners. I use the social constructivist paradigm to explore personal experience through engagement using the interview as a data collection tool. I explore the perspectives of a previous land owner who provides insights into how the restitution programme could be made more successful by letting a conversation occur between the previous owners and beneficiaries. I posit that it is essential to include the previous owners to reduce the trauma from loss of their lifestyle while also reducing beneficiaries’ trauma caused by lack of benefits from restitution.
Developing Classroom Management Strategies in Non-Native Culture: A Single Case Study
Authors: Liu Xianquan , Babchuk Wayne
Published: April 2021

This single case study explored the practicum and student teaching experience of a native Chinese pre-service language teacher in order to better understand her process of developing classroom management strategies and the difficulties and challenges emerged in that process. In a broader sense, the case study aims to inform teacher preparation programs in terms of preparing Chinese teachers for secondary public schools in the U.S. The longitudinal study employed semi-structured interviews, classroom observation notes, teaching reflections and documents. Six themes — instructional challenges, coping strategies, cultural difference, language frustration, attitudes and feelings, and improvement — emerged from constant comparative analysis. Compared with previous literature, the current research underscores the importance of accessibility of classroom management resources and the positive problem-solving attitude of the native Chinese pre-service teacher in her challenging experience of developing classroom management strategies in American public schools. The researchers discuss the needs for providing supporting accommodations for native Chinese pre-service teachers in teacher preparation programs.
Thoughts from the Margins: A Five-Year Longitudinal Exploration with Former Alternative Education Youth
Authors: Harnischfeger Alice
Published: April 2021

This longitudinal case study explores the evolving identity constructions and schooling perspectives of former alternative education program members, at an early stage of their adult lives. Using a critical sociocultural lens and in-depth semi-structured interviews, I revisited three young women, five years after their participation in research I had previously undertaken in a middle school, alternative program. This current effort provides individual participant profiles detailing the present life circumstances and thinking of each participant, along with brief middle school recaps and five-year interval updates. This work illustrates its participants’ evolving perspectives on selves and schooling and their present recognition of a critically important caring element in their former program. Its resulting implications highlight the influence of social and institutional practices to determinations made by, and about, youth, and imply a need for their continual reassessment. Additionally, this study addresses a call in the literature for longitudinal efforts to determine the long-term effects of alternative education programs and advocates for an inclusion of the voices of marginalized youth in measures towards reform.
Branding Strategies of a Private International School
Authors: Varadarajan Balasubramanian , Malone Timothy
Published: April 2021

Demand for international K-12 schools in India is growing, and this is causing competition between them. The purpose of this paper was to explore the branding strategies that private international school leaders in India use to enhance the school brand. Case study method was used where fifteen participants were interviewed from an international school in Southern part of India. Interviews were conducted with five school leaders, five teachers, and five parents using a semi-structured interview method with open-ended questions related to branding strategies. Brand-oriented organizations have internal approaches to developing their brand based on vision, mission, and values. As education is an intangible product, both internal branding and external branding are required to win the trust of parents. Various information technology tools including social media can help to devise personalized communication channels to tell the school’s story to the stakeholders. The inherent limitation with a case study method is that it is not generalizable. Branding as a process has been discussed for higher education institutions but not the K-12 sector, especially from the Indian perspective. The empirical evidence presented in this paper may help K-12 schools, especially in India to understand how to enhance the school brand.
Visual Inspection of Sequential Data: A Research Instrument for Qualitative Data Analysis
Authors: AlDahdouh Alaa
Published: April 2021

Sequence analysis has been widely used to investigate the patterns of similarities and differences of sequential data in biology and sociology. However, the debate on the usage of sequence analysis in social sciences has not been settled yet. Among a long list, sequence analysis methods have been criticized for ignoring the qualitative information behind the sequences. This paper presents a new instrument for inspecting sequential data visually in qualitative studies. The method includes building a hierarchical tree of relations among the categories which is then used to recode the categories systematically. The recoding process is meant to give meaning to the differences among categories and, therefore, increases our ability to see the differences. The instrument is a fruit of a qualitative study carried out to explore student’s learning patterns. The focus in this paper will be on the algorithm of recoding the categories and how the emergent codes can be plotted to generate insights for further qualitative investigation.
Bringing up the Green-Eyed Monster: Conceptualizing and Communicating Jealousy with a Partner Who Has Other Partners
Authors: Rubinsky Valerie
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of 423 open-ended survey responses from 141 individuals involved in polyamorous intimate partnerships. Grounded in literature on jealousy and polyamory, this analysis offers a reinforcement and extension of romantic jealousy. Participants described how jealousy is conceptualized and discussed within polyamorous relationships. Conceptualizations of jealousy primarily involved jealousy as an umbrella term for insecurity, possessiveness, or needs not being met. Participants discuss jealousy within the context of partner agreements to add or remove another partner, to explicitly seek validation and acknowledgment, and less frequently meeting negative reactions. Importantly, results indicate that within polyamorous relationships, feelings of jealousy are usually communicated, and for the purpose of seeing affirmation and validation, not with the goal of behavior change.
Vignettes in Qualitative Educational Research: Investigating Greek School Principals’ Values
Authors: Stravakou Pelagia , Lozgka Evangelia
Published: April 2021

Vignettes are hypothetical scenarios of many forms that are presented to interviewees in qualitative studies to elicit participants’ answers on diverse topics. Although there are few scholars having discussed the application of vignettes in qualitative studies, there is no article assessing the implementation of vignettes in the field of educational administration. Therefore, our article discusses the vignette technique as a data collection tool within the qualitative methodological paradigm with a focus on the aforementioned field. More specifically, in the first section we outline the design of hypothetical scenarios and their advantages and disadvantages as a data gathering tool, according to the relevant literature. The rest of the article is an account of our findings, when we used vignettes with semi-structured interviews to investigate the Greek principals’ value orientations. Findings suggested that answering to the stories was a very interesting and enjoyable process that made the principals talk without reservations. Furthermore, reflecting on their professional practice the participants were willing to share similar incidents from their experiences. One critical factor for vignettes to be effective is to be close to reality of respondents.
An Exploration of Power, Race, and Higher Education: A Cross-Cultural Parallel Narrative, Book Review
Authors: McGovern Kathleen
Published: April 2021

Power, Race, and Higher Education: A Cross-Cultural Parallel Narrative by Kakali Bhattacharya and Norman K. Gillen (Kent) provides readers with scenarios from the authors’ personal and academic lives through which they explore the major themes of the book (2016). These themes include researcher positionality, presenting research through ethnodrama, navigating academia, and pedagogical approaches to examining privilege. This review recommends the book for professors working with Master’s students or undergraduates to facilitate reflection on their positionality in relation to their students (in the case of pre-service teachers) or research participants.
Inquiring to Benefit Society While Protecting Subjects: The Debates, Complexities and Moral Obligations of the IRB Review Process
Authors: Jankie Dudu
Published: April 2021

Whitney’s text Balanced Ethics Review: A Guide for Institutional Review Board Members highlights and problematizes pertinent issues in the Institutional Review Board (IRB) review process with a focus on the USA. The book, which is meant for “IRB member or chair” engages readers in exploring in-depth and from multiple perspectives the debates on the roles and responsibilities of IRBs. Within this context, the author demonstrates the need for the IRB process that balances the protection of human subjects with the benefits of research to the society. Furthermore, the book engages readers in exploring and reflecting on the intersections between power relations, and the moral obligations of IRBs. Moreover, insights are provided into the work of federal agencies that “control the IRB system.”
A Motherwork Challenge to Dominant Discourse: A Review of Immigration, Motherhood, and Parental Involvement: Narratives of Communal Agency in the Face of Power Asymmetry
Authors: Scott Katie
Published: April 2021

In Lilian Cibils dissertation-turned-book, Immigration, Motherhood and Parental Involvement: Narratives of Communal Agency in the Face of Power Asymmetry (2017), the stories of seven Mexican immigrant mothers provide insight into what motherhood looks like outside the mainstream ideology of parental involvement. Using a critical feminist lens, Cibils employs the concept of motherwork as an alternative to a cultural deficit approach for understanding Mexican immigrant motherhood.
Koreans, Americans, or Korean-Americans: Transnational Adoptees as Invisible Asians, a Book Review
Authors: Qiu Tairan
Published: April 2021

The book, Invisible Asians: Korean American Adoptees, Asian American Experiences, and Racial Exceptionalism, explores the personal narratives and histories of adult adoptees who were born between 1949 and 1983 and who were adopted from Korea by White parents. Using oral history ethnography, Nelson (2016) seeks to correct, complicate, and contribute to current discussions about transnational adoptions. In this book review, the author provides an overview, a personal reflection, and recommendations for potential audiences of this book.