bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle regulation inCaulobacter: location, location, location
Authors: Goley Erin D. , Iniesta Antonio A. , Shapiro Lucy
Published: October 2007

Cellular reproduction in all organisms requires temporal and spatial coordination of crucial events, notably DNA replication, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Recent studies on the dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus (Caulobacter) highlight mechanisms by which positional information is integrated with temporal modes of cell cycle regulation. Caulobacter cell division is inherently asymmetric, yielding progeny with different fates: stalked cells and swarmer cells. Cell type determinants in stalked progeny promote entry into S phase, whereas swarmer progeny remain in G1 phase. Moreover, initiation of DNA replication is allowed only once per cell cycle. This finite window of opportunity is imposed by coordinating spatially constrained proteolysis of CtrA, an inhibitor of DNA replication initiation, with forward progression of the cell cycle. Positional cues are equally important in coordinating movement of the chromosome with cell division site selection in Caulobacter. The chromosome is specifically and dynamically localized over the course of the cell cycle. As the duplicated chromosomes are partitioned, factors that restrict assembly of the cell division protein FtsZ associate with a chromosomal locus near the origin, ensuring that the division site is located towards the middle of the cell.
RyR1-specific requirement for depolarization-induced Ca2+ sparks in urinary bladder smooth muscle
Authors: Fritz Nicolas , Morel Jean-Luc , Jeyakumar Loice H. , Fleischer Sidney , Allen Paul D. , Mironneau Jean , Macrez Nathalie
Published: October 2007

Ryanodine receptor subtype 1 (RyR1) has been primarily characterized in skeletal muscle but several studies have revealed its expression in smooth muscle. Here, we used Ryr1-null mice to investigate the role of this isoform in Ca2+ signaling in urinary bladder smooth muscle. We show that RyR1 is required for depolarization-induced Ca2+ sparks, whereas RyR2 and RyR3 are sufficient for spontaneous or caffeine-induced Ca2+ sparks. Immunostaining revealed specific subcellular localization of RyR1 in the superficial sarcoplasmic reticulum; by contrast, RyR2 and RyR3 are mainly expressed in the deep sarcoplasmic reticulum. Paradoxically, lack of depolarization-induced Ca2+ sparks in Ryr1–/– myocytes was accompanied by an increased number of cells displaying spontaneous or depolarization-induced Ca2+ waves. Investigation of protein expression showed that FK506-binding protein (FKBP) 12 and FKBP12.6 (both of which are RyR-associated proteins) are downregulated in Ryr1–/– myocytes, whereas expression of RyR2 and RyR3 are unchanged. Moreover, treatment with rapamycin, which uncouples FKBPs from RyR, led to an increase of RyR-dependent Ca2+ signaling in wild-type urinary bladder myocytes but not in Ryr1–/– myocytes.

In conclusion, although decreased amounts of FKBP increase Ca2+ signals in Ryr1–/– urinary bladder myocytes the depolarization-induced Ca2+ sparks are specifically lost, demonstrating that RyR1 is required for depolarization-induced Ca2+ sparks and suggesting that the intracellular localization of RyR1 fine-tunes Ca2+ signals in smooth muscle.
Pannexin 1 and pannexin 3 are glycoproteins that exhibit many distinct characteristics from the connexin family of gap junction proteins
Authors: Penuela Silvia , Bhalla Ruchi , Gong Xiang-Qun , Cowan Kyle N. , Celetti Steven J. , Cowan Bryce J. , Bai Donglin , Shao Qing , Laird Dale W.
Published: October 2007

Pannexins are mammalian orthologs of the invertebrate gap junction proteins innexins and thus have been proposed to play a role in gap junctional intercellular communication. Localization of exogenously expressed pannexin 1 (Panx1) and pannexin 3 (Panx3), together with pharmacological studies, revealed a cell surface distribution profile and life cycle dynamics that were distinct from connexin 43 (Cx43, encoded by Gja1). Furthermore, N-glycosidase treatment showed that both Panx1 (∼41-48 kD species) and Panx3 (∼43 kD) were glycosylated, whereas N-linked glycosylation-defective mutants exhibited a decreased ability to be transported to the cell surface. Tissue surveys revealed the expression of Panx1 in several murine tissues – including in cartilage, skin, spleen and brain – whereas Panx3 expression was prevalent in skin and cartilage with a second higher-molecular-weight species present in a broad range of tissues. Tissue-specific localization patterns of Panx1 and Panx3 ranging from distinct cell surface clusters to intracellular profiles were revealed by immunostaining of skin and spleen sections. Finally, functional assays in cultured cells transiently expressing Panx1 and Panx3 were incapable of forming intercellular channels, but assembled into functional cell surface channels. Collectively, these studies show that Panx1 and Panx3 have many characteristics that are distinct from Cx43 and that these proteins probably play an important biological role as single membrane channels.
Tmod3 regulates polarized epithelial cell morphology
Authors: Weber Kari L. , Fischer Robert S. , Fowler Velia M.
Published: October 2007

Although the role of the actin cytoskeleton in morphogenesis of polarized epithelial sheets is generally accepted as centrally important, the regulation of actin dynamics in this process remains unclear. Here, we show that the pointed-end capping protein Tmod3 contributes to epithelial cell shape within confluent monolayers of polarized epithelial cells. Tmod3 localizes to lateral cell membranes in polarized epithelia of several cell types. Reduction of Tmod3 levels by shRNA leads to a loss of F-actin and tropomyosins from lateral cell membranes, and a decrease in epithelial cell height, without effects on localisation of tight junction or adherens junction proteins, or any apparent changes in cell-cell adhesion. Instead, distribution of αII-spectrin on lateral membranes is disrupted upon reduction of Tmod3 levels, suggesting that loss of Tmod3 function leads to destabilization and disassembly of tropomyosin-coated actin filaments followed by disorganization of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton on lateral membranes. These data demonstrate for the first time a role for pointed-end capping in morphology regulation of polarized epithelial cells through stabilization of F-actin on lateral membranes. We propose that Tmod3-capped tropomyosin-actin filaments provide crucial links in the spectrin membrane skeleton of polarized epithelial cells, enabling the membrane skeleton to maintain cell shape.
Actin stress fibres
Authors: Pellegrin Stéphanie , Mellor Harry
Published: October 2007

Animal cell movement is effected through a combination of protrusive and contractile events. Non-muscle cells contain stress fibres – bundles of actomyosin that are the major mediators of cell contraction and that can be compared to the highly organised actomyosin arrays of muscle cells. Recent studies have defined regulatory mechanisms that control stress fibre formation, placing the ROCK protein kinase at the centre of a complex signalling network controlling actomyosin contractility and stress fibre assembly. As we uncover the details of stress fibre construction, it is becoming clear that different categories of stress fibres exist. Some of these structures are less suited for cell motility and more suited to static contraction. In keeping with this, many specialised contractile cell types use stress fibres to remodel tissues and extracellular matrix.
Indigenous plaited patterns on Ugandan mats
Authors: Gombe Catherine
Published: October 2007

This paper presents findings about the rich, colourful, mathematical patterns on the indigenous plaited mats produced by skilled artisans in Uganda. There is a need to research and make use of these designs so that they can find new audiences, inspire African product design and be exploited
commercially within Africa and beyond. To support this argument, examples of patterns are presented in this paper. They provide evidence of the craft tradition and its allied knowledge and skills and demonstrate its pedagogic and aesthetic value. The paper concludes with a step-by-step, do-it-yourself
guide to pattern making.
Alzheimer's: Researching the disease through sculpture
Authors: Navarro Santiago
Published: October 2007

The increased aging of people in today's world reflects the longevity of human beings in recent decades. This has brought degenerative diseases to the aging population however, causing physical and mental deterioration and affecting their relationship with their communities. Since the
first diagnosis of this pathology by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1907, Alzheimer's disease has been on the rise. While medical science focuses on revealing the causes and origins, other fields use their own means and tools to look into different aspects of the disease. This paper summarizes some
of the research and findings form my doctoral thesis which asserts the significance of this disease in today's society and the importance of visual arts in conveying information about it.
Book Reviews
Authors: Houghton Nicholas , Toshio Naoe
Published: October 2007

Revealing Art, Matthew Kieran, (2004) London: Routledge, 296 pp., ISBN 9780415278546 (pbk), 14.99

Why We Make Art and Why it is Taught, Richard Hickman, (2005) Bristol and Portland, OR: Intellect Books, 175 pp., ISBN 1841501263 (pbk), 14.95/29.95.
National survey on critical values reporting in a cohort of Italian laboratories
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Giavarina Davide , Montagnana Martina , Luca Salvagno Gian , Cappelletti Piero , Plebani Mario , Guidi Gian Cesare
Published: October 2007

Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1411–3.
Standardization of γ-glutamyltransferase assays by intermethod calibration. Effect on determining common reference limits
Authors: Steinmetz Josiane , Schiele Françoise , Gueguen René , Férard Georges , Henny Joseph
Published: October 2007

Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1373–80.
Diagnostic usefulness of a third-generation anti-cyclic citrulline antibody test in patients with recent-onset polyarthritis
Authors: Luis Caro-Oleas José , Fernández-Suárez Antonio , Reneses Cesteros Sonsoles , Porrino Carmen , Núñez-Roldán Antonio , Wichmann Schlipf Ingeborg
Published: October 2007

Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1396–401.
Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency with a novel ACAD8 gene mutation detected by tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening
Authors: Yoo Eun-Hyung , Cho Hyun-Jung , Ki Chang-Seok , Lee Soo-Youn
Published: October 2007

Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IBD) is an enzyme involved in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acid valine. IBD deficiency is a very rare metabolic disorder, whereby only a few cases have been reported thus far. Recently, we observed a Korean newborn boy with elevated concentration of C

Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1495–7.
Longitudinal, Quantitative Assessment of Amyloid, Neuroinflammation, and Anti-Amyloid Treatment in a Living Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Enabled by Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Maeda Jun , Ji Bin , Irie Toshiaki , Tomiyama Takami , Maruyama Masahiro , Okauchi Takashi , Staufenbiel Matthias , Iwata Nobuhisa , Ono Maiko , Saido Takaomi C. , Suzuki Kazutoshi , Mori Hiroshi , Higuchi Makoto , Suhara Tetsuya
Published: October 2007

We provide the first evidence for the capability of a high-resolution positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging system in quantitatively mapping amyloid accumulation in living amyloid precursor protein transgenic (Tg) mice. After the intravenous administration ofN-[11C]methyl-2-(4′-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole (or [11C]PIB for “Pittsburgh Compound-B”) with high-specific radioactivity, the Tg mice exhibited high-level retention of radioactivity in amyloid-rich regions. PET investigation for Tg mice over an extended range of ages, including longitudinal assessments, demonstrated age-dependent increase in radioligand binding consistent with progressive amyloid accumulation. Reduction in amyloid levels in the hippocampus of Tg mice was also successfully monitored by multiple PET scans along the time course of anti-amyloid treatment using an antibody against amyloid β peptide (Aβ). Moreover, PET scans with [18F]fluoroethyl-DAA1106, a radiotracer for activated glia, were conducted for these individuals parallel to amyloid imaging, revealing treatment-induced neuroinflammatory responses, the magnitude of which intimately correlated with the levels of pre-existing amyloid estimated by [11C]PIB. It is also noteworthy that the localization and abundance of [11C]PIB autoradiographic signals were closely associated with those of N-terminally truncated and modified Aβ, AβN3-pyroglutamate, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Tg mouse brains, implying that the detectability of amyloid by [11C]PIB positron emission tomography is dependent on the accumulation of specific Aβ subtypes. Our results support the usefulness of the small animal-dedicated PET system in conjunction with high-specific radioactivity probes and appropriate Tg models not only for clarifying the mechanistic properties of amyloidogenesis in mouse models but also for preclinical tests of emerging diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to AD.
Origin of Climbing Fiber Neurons and Their Developmental Dependence onPtf1a
Authors: Yamada Mayumi , Terao Mami , Terashima Toshio , Fujiyama Tomoyuki , Kawaguchi Yoshiya , Nabeshima Yo-ichi , Hoshino Mikio
Published: October 2007

Climbing fiber (CF) neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) extend their axons to Purkinje cells, playing a crucial role in regulating cerebellar function. However, little is known about their precise place of birth and developmental molecular machinery. Here, we describe the origin of the CF neuron lineage and the involvement ofPtf1a(pancreatic transcription factor 1a) in CF neuron development. Ptf1a protein was found to be expressed in a discrete dorsolateral region of the embryonic caudal hindbrain neuroepithelium. Because expression of Ptf1a is not overlapping other transcription factors such as Math1 (mouse atonal homolog 1) and Neurogenin1, which are suggested to define domains within caudal hindbrain neuroepithelium (Landsberg et al., 2005), we named the neuroepithelial region the Ptf1a domain. Analysis of mice that express β-galactosidase from thePtf1alocus revealed that CF neurons are derived from the Ptf1a domain. In contrast, retrograde labeling of precerebellar neurons indicated that mossy fiber neurons are not derived from Ptf1a-expressing progenitors. We could observe a detailed migratory path of CF neurons from the Ptf1a domain to the ION during embryogenesis. InPtf1anull mutants, putative immature CF neurons produced from this domain were unable to migrate or differentiate appropriately, resulting in a failure of ION formation. Apoptotic cells were observed in the mutant hindbrain. Furthermore, the fate of some cells in thePtf1alineage were changed to mossy fiber neurons inPtf1anull mutants. These findings clarify the precise origin of CF neurons and suggest thatPtf1acontrols their fate, survival, differentiation, and migration during development.
A Pathway-Specific Function for Different AMPA Receptor Subunits in Amygdala Long-Term Potentiation and Fear Conditioning
Authors: Humeau Yann , Reisel Daniel , Johnson Alexander W. , Borchardt Thilo , Jensen Vidar , Gebhardt Christine , Bosch Verena , Gass Peter , Bannerman David M. , Good Mark A. , Hvalby Øivind , Sprengel Rolf , Lüthi Andreas
Published: October 2007

The AMPA receptor subunit glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1 or GluR-A) contributes to amygdala-dependent emotional learning. It remains unclear, however, to what extent different amygdala pathways depend on GluR1, or other AMPA receptor subunits, for proper synaptic transmission and plasticity, and whether GluR1-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) is necessary for auditory and contextual fear conditioning. Here, we dissected the role of GluR1 and GluR3 (GluR-C) subunits in AMPA receptor-dependent amygdala LTP and fear conditioning using knock-out mice (GluR1−/−andGluR3−/−). We found that, whereas LTP at thalamic inputs to lateral amygdala (LA) projection neurons and at glutamatergic synapses in the basal amygdala was completely absent inGluR1−/−mice, both GluR1 and GluR3 contributed to LTP in the cortico-LA pathway. Because both auditory and contextual fear conditioning were selectively impaired inGluR1−/−but notGluR3−/−mice, we conclude that GluR1-dependent synaptic plasticity is the dominant form of LTP underlying the acquisition of auditory and contextual fear conditioning, and that plasticity in distinct amygdala pathways differentially contributes to aversive conditioning.
Bilateral Activity-Dependent Interactions in the Developing Corticospinal System
Authors: Friel Kathleen M. , Martin John H.
Published: October 2007

Activity-dependent competition between the corticospinal (CS) systems in each hemisphere drives postnatal development of motor skills and stable CS tract connections with contralateral spinal motor circuits. Unilateral restriction of motor cortex (M1) activity during an early postnatal critical period impairs contralateral visually guided movements later in development and in maturity. Silenced M1 develops aberrant connections with the contralateral spinal cord whereas the initially active M1, in the other hemisphere, develops bilateral connections. In this study, we determined whether the aberrant pattern of CS tract terminations and motor impairments produced by early postnatal M1 activity restriction could be abrogated by reducing activity-dependent synaptic competition from the initially active M1 later in development. We first inactivated M1 unilaterally between postnatal weeks 5–7. We next inactivated M1 on the other side from weeks 7–11 (alternate inactivation), to reduce the competitive advantage that this side may have over the initially inactivated side. Alternate inactivation redirected aberrant contralateral CS tract terminations from the initially silenced M1 to their normal spinal territories and reduced the density of aberrant ipsilateral terminations from the initially active side. Normal movement endpoint control during visually guided locomotion was fully restored. This reorganization of CS terminals reveals an unsuspected late plasticity after the critical period for establishing the pattern of CS terminations in the spinal cord. Our findings show that robust bilateral interactions between the developing CS systems on each side are important for achieving balance between contralateral and ipsilateral CS tract connections and visuomotor control.
Muscarinic Receptor Activation Modulates Granule Cell Excitability and Potentiates Inhibition onto Mitral Cells in the Rat Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Pressler R. Todd , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Strowbridge Ben W.
Published: October 2007

The olfactory bulb is a second-order brain region that connects sensory neurons with cortical areas. However, the olfactory bulb does not appear to play a simple relay role and is subject instead to extensive local and extrinsic synaptic influences. Prime among the external, or centrifugal, inputs is the dense cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain, which terminates in both the granule cell and plexiform layers. Cholinergic inputs to the bulb have been implicated in olfactory working memory tasks in rodents and may be related to olfactory deficits reported in people with neurodegenerative disorders that involve basal forebrain neurons. In this study, we use whole-cell recordings from acute rat slices to demonstrate that one function of this input is to potentiate the excitability of GABAergic granule cells and thereby modulate inhibitory drive onto mitral cells. This increase in granule cell excitability is mediated by a concomitant decrease in the normal afterhyperpolarization response and augmentation of an afterdepolarization, both triggered by pirenzepine-sensitive M1receptors. The afterdepolarization was dependent on elevations in intracellular calcium and appeared to be mediated by a calcium-activated nonselective cation current (ICAN). Near firing threshold, depolarizing inputs could evoke quasipersistent firing characterized by irregular discharges that lasted, on average, for 2 min. In addition to regulating the excitability of the primary interneuronal subtype in the bulb, M1receptors regulate the degree of adaptation that occurs during repetitive sniffing-like inputs and may therefore play a critical role in regulating short-term plasticity in the olfactory system.
Recent History of Stimulus Speeds Affects the Speed Tuning of Neurons in Area MT
Authors: Schlack Anja , Krekelberg Bart , Albright Thomas D.
Published: October 2007

Visual motion processing plays a key role in enabling primates' successful interaction with their dynamic environments. Although in natural environments the speed of visual stimuli continuously varies, speed tuning of neurons in the prototypical motion area MT has traditionally been assessed with stimuli that moved at constant speeds. We investigated whether the representation of speed in a continuously varying stimulus context differs from the representation of constant speeds. We recorded from individual MT neurons of fixating macaques while stimuli moved either at a constant speed or in a linearly accelerating or decelerating manner. We found clear speed tuning even when the stimulus consisted of visual motion with gradual speed changes. There were, however, important differences with the speed tuning as measured with constant stimuli: the stimulus context affected neuronal preferred speed as well as the associated tuning width of the speed tuning curves. These acceleration-dependent changes in response lead to an accurate representation of the acceleration of these stimuli in the MT cells. To elucidate the mechanistic basis of this signal, we constructed a stochastic firing rate model based on the constant speed response profiles. This model incorporated each cell's speed tuning and response adaptation dynamics and accurately predicted the response to constant speeds as well as accelerating and decelerating stimuli. Because the response of the model neurons had no explicit acceleration dependence, we conclude that speed-dependent adaptation creates a strong influence of temporal context on the MT response and thereby results in the representation of acceleration signals.
Upregulation of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel ASIC1a in Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons Contributes to Inflammatory Pain Hypersensitivity
Authors: Duan Bo , Wu Long-Jun , Yu Yao-Qing , Ding Yu , Jing Liang , Xu Lin , Chen Jun , Xu Tian-Le
Published: October 2007

Development of chronic pain involves alterations in peripheral nociceptors as well as elevated neuronal activity in multiple regions of the CNS. Previous pharmacological and behavioral studies suggest that peripheral acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) contribute to pain sensation, and the expression of ASIC subunits is elevated in the rat spinal dorsal horn (SDH) in an inflammatory pain model. However, the cellular distribution and the functional consequence of increased ASIC subunit expression in the SDH remain unclear. Here, we identify the Ca2+-permeable, homomeric ASIC1a channels as the predominant ASICs in rat SDH neurons and downregulation of ASIC1a by local rat spinal infusion with specific inhibitors or antisense oligonucleotides markedly attenuated complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. Moreover,in vivoelectrophysiological recording showed that the elevated ASIC1a activity is required for two forms of central sensitization: C-fiber-induced “wind-up” and CFA-induced hypersensitivity of SDH nociceptive neurons. Together, our results reveal that increased ASIC activity in SDH neurons promotes pain by central sensitization. Specific blockade of Ca2+-permeable ASIC1a channels thus may have antinociceptive effect by reducing or preventing the development of central sensitization induced by inflammation.
Negotiating Grit and Glamour: Young Women of Color and the Gentrification of the Lower East Side
Authors: CAHILL CAITLIN
Published: October 2007

This paper examines experiences of gentrification from the perspective of young working class women of color who have grown up on the Lower East Side of New York City in the 1980s and 90s. In a participatory action research project entitled “Makes Me Mad: Stereotypes of young urban womyn of color”, six young women researchers investigate the relationship between the gentrification of their community, public (mis)representations, and their self‐understanding. Focusing on how young women negotiate processes of disinvestment and gentrification, this paper offers insights into how globalization is worked out on the ground and in their everyday lives. Bridging the material and psychological, I explore the socio‐spatial constitution of young women's identities as they interpret their experiences growing up on the Lower East Side having to live up both to the grittyness of ghetto life and the glamour of the club, café and boutique life. Drawing connections between the white‐washing sweep of gentrification, and socioeconomic disinvestment of their community, the women express a nuanced understanding of neighborhood change. I maintain that we can learn about the contradictions of globalization from these young women's ambivalent relationship with neighborhood change.
Assessment of the Radial Artery and Hand Circulation by Computed Tomography Angiography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dogan Omer Faruk , Karcaaltincaba Musturay , Duman Umit , Akata Deniz , Besim Aytekin , Boke Erkmen
Published: October 2007

Objectives: The radial artery (RA) is increasingly being used as a coronary bypass graft. Results of a previous study using Doppler ultrasound and histopathologic examinations indicated that the RA has a higher incidence of preexisting intimal hyperplasia, medial calcification, and atherosclerosis than the internal thoracic artery. The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to display hand collateral circulation, to define the criteria for an abnormal CTA test result, and to demonstrate usefulness of CTA as an alternative to conventional angiography for evaluation of the radial artery. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting entered this study. We performed 32 examinations of forearm and hand arterial anatomy in these patients. CTA was performed in patients with a normal Allen test result, except 1 patient who had a persistent median artery. Soft tissue density forehand roentgenography was performed in all patients before the CTA evaluation. There was no selection of patients in relation to patient characteristics. As a risk factor for radial artery calcification, 6 of the patients had diabetes mellitus, 6 had aortofemoral occlusive disease, and 4 had a history of smoking. Results: Bilateral forearm arteries were visualized in all patients. Severe RA calcification was found in 1 patient, and distal occlusion was found in another patient. Focal RA calcification was noted in 2 patients. In the remaining patients no radial artery calcification or occlusion was noted. Anatomic variation of the upper limb arteries was shown in 2 patients; these variations were persistent median artery with absence of the radial and ulnar arteries and high bifurcation of the radial artery from the brachial artery. Conclusion: CTA is useful and safe for detection of radial artery calcific disease and assessment of the forehand circulation and its anatomic variations. Preoperative imaging of the RA is a means to avoid unnecessary forearm exploration or inadvertent use of a diseased conduit in coronary artery bypass candidates with multiple risk factors such as diabetes mellitus.
Off-Pump Supraarterial Decompression Myotomy for Myocardial Bridging
Authors: Baryalei Mersa M. , Tirilomis Theodorus , Buhre Wolfgang , Kazmaier Stephan , Schoendube Friedrich A. , Aleksic Ivan
Published: October 2007

Background: Myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery may result in clinical symptoms. Surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a therapeutic option with considerable risk. We hypothesized that off-pump supraarterial myotomy could be an effective treatment modality. Methods: Between October 1998 and May 2000, 13 patients were referred for surgery. All were symptomatic despite medical therapy. Anteroseptal ischemia had been proven by thallium scintigraphy in all 13 patients, exercise testing was positive in 11. All patients were operated on with an off-pump approach after median sternotomy. Results: Mean patient age was 61 8 years (range, 43-71 years). Coronary artery disease mandating additional bypasses was present in 3 patients. The bypasses were done off pump in 2 patients. Conversion to on-pump surgery was necessary in 3 of 13 patients (23%) because of hemodynamic compromise (1 patient), opening of the right ventricle (1 patient), and injury to the LAD (1 patient). Supraarterial myotomy was performed in all patients. One patient who underwent surgery with CPB developed postoperative anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Postoperative exercise testing was performed in all patients and did not reveal any persistent ischemia. Mortality was 0%. All patients were free from symptoms and had not undergone repeat interventions after an average of 51 7 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Off-pump supraarterial myotomy effectively relieves coronary obstruction but has a certain periprocedural risk as evidenced by 1 myocardial infarction, 1 right ventricular injury, and 1 LAD injury. Long-term freedom from symptoms and from reintervention favor further investigation of this surgical therapy.
Flash Pulmonary Edema Manifesting for the First Time after Cardiac Surgery: Case Report
Authors: Vohra H. A. , Osman F. , Singh H. , Vohrah A. , Dimitri W. R.
Published: October 2007

Flash pulmonary edema secondary to renal artery stenosis is an unrecognized complication following cardiac surgery. We report a case and discuss issues surrounding its diagnosis and management.
Clopidogrel-Related Refractory Bleeding after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Rationale for the Use of Coagulation Factor Concentrates?
Authors: Heymann C. von , Schoenfeld H. , Sander M. , Ziemer S. , Grubitzsch H. , Spies C.
Published: October 2007

Clopidogrel, an irreversible ADP-receptor antagonist, inhibits platelet aggregation mediated by reduced activation of glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa. Clopidogrel in combination with aspirin has been shown to be superior to aspirin alone for treating unstable angina, but clopidogrel recipients have shown increases in blood loss, transfusion requirements, and rate of reoperation after cardiac surgery. We describe a patient who had taken clopidogrel 75 mg daily until the day prior to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Severe postoperative bleeding developed and was refractory to conventional hemostatic therapy consisting of 19 units of packed red blood cell concentrates, 16 of fresh frozen plasma, 8 of platelet apheresis concentrates plus high-dose treatment with aprotinin (500.000 kallikrein-inhibiting units/h) and administration of 0.3 3g/kg 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). Two reoperations were performed, but surgical hemostasis was not achieved, so 100 3g/kg recombinant activated factor VII was applied to generate sufficient thrombin to stop the bleeding. This treatment approach reduced the bleeding. Then, to promote clot formation and firmness, 2 g of fibrinogen and 1250 IU of factor XIII were administered, and the bleeding finally stopped. No further transfusions were required, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on day 10 after the operation. This case suggests that in clopidogrel-related bleeding refractory to conventional hemostatic therapy, hemostasis may be achieved by a stepwise administration of coagulation factor concentrates.
Cavernous Hemangioma in the Junction between the Left Atrium and the Aorta: Case Report
Authors: Gersak B. , Sostaric M. , Dolenc-Strazar Z. , Staric F. , Kozelj M.
Published: October 2007

We present a case of an asymptomatic cavernous hemangioma, located in the junction area between the left atrium and aorta, and our experience of diagnosis and surgical treatment of the tumor.
Reexamining Contraindications for Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Reade Clifton C. , Bower Curtis E. , Kypson Alan P. , Nifong L. Wiley , Wooden William A. , Chitwood, Jr W. Randolph
Published: October 2007

Historically, contraindications to minimally invasive or robotic mitral valve surgery have included prior mastectomy, thoracic reconstruction, or chest radiation. However, we believe that by granting flexibility in the choice of skin incision site while performing careful dissection, surgeons can provide these patients the outstanding results afforded by a minithoracotomy. We present a patient who had undergone a prior mastectomy and radiation treatment in whom we performed a minimally invasive mitral valve repair through a right-sided minithoracotomy using the previous mastectomy incision.
Fast-Track Recovery in Noncoronary Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Toraman Fevzi , Evrenkaya Serdar , Yuce Murat , G�ksel Onur , Karabulut Hasan , Alhan Cem
Published: October 2007

Objective: Fast-track recovery protocols result in shorter hospital stays and decreased costs in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. However, data based on an objective scoring system are lacking for the impact of these protocols on patients undergoing cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG. Methods: Between March 1999 and March 2003, 299 consecutive patients who underwent open cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG were analyzed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fast-track recovery. The parameters evaluated as predictors of mortality, ie, delayed extubation (>360 minutes), intensive care unit (ICU) discharge (>24 hours), increased length of hospital stay (>5 days), and red blood cell transfusion, were determined by regression analysis. Standard perioperative data were collected prospectively for every patient. Results: Seventy-two percent of the patients were extubated within 6 hours, 87% were discharged from the ICU within 24 hours, and 60% were discharged from the hospital within 5 days. No red blood cells were transfused in 67% of the patients. There were no predictors of mortality. The predictors of delayed extubation were preoperative congestive heart failure (P = .005; odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-12.6) and peripheral vascular disease (P = .02; OR, 6; 95% CI, 1.9-19.4). Factors leading to increased ICU stay were diabetes (P = .05; OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1-12.6), emergent operation (P = .04; OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.1-33.2), red blood cell transfusion (P = .03; OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1-7.8), chest tube drainage >1000 mL (P = .03; OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.1-10.2). The predictors of increased length of hospital stay were ICU stay >24 hours (P = .001; OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2-17), EuroSCORE >5 (P = .05; OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1-3.2), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = .003; OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.5-8.7). Predictive factors for transfusion of red blood cells were diabetes (P = .04; OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1-8.1), delayed extubation (P = .02; OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.1), increased ICU stay (P = .04; OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1-6.4), and chest tube drainage >1000 mL (P = .001; OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 2-9.3). Conclusions: This study confirms the safety and efficacy of the fast-track recovery protocol in patients undergoing open cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG.
Noncompaction of Ventricular Myocardium in a Patient with Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries Treated Surgically: Case Report
Authors: Dogan Riza , Dogan Omer Faruk , Oc Mehmet , Duman Umit , Ozkutlu Suheyla , Ozkutlu Suheyla , �eliker Alpay
Published: October 2007

Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium is a rare disorder that represents numerous prominent trabeculations and intratrabecular recesses in the ventricles. It is believed to represent not only an arrest in endomyocardial morphogenesis but also an unclassified cardiomyopathy. The pathology has been almost invariably associated with other congenital cardiac malformations. A female patient with noncompaction of the myocardium of both ventricles and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (cTGA), situs inver-sus totalis, and atrial and ventricular septal defects is described. When she was 7 days old a permanent pacemaker was implanted because of complete heart block. Prazosin (Minipress), an a -receptor blocker, was administered, and the cardiac ejection fraction showed a striking increase from 20% to 42%. Despite careful and regular follow-up evaluations, the general condition of the patient slowly worsened. Five months after surgery she died of hepatorenal failure and low cardiac output. This case report is thought to be the first description of congenital complete heart block, cTGA, and situs inversus totalis with noncompaction of the myocardium of both ventricles.
Quantification of Coronary Artery Stenosis with 16-Slice MSCT in Patients before CABG Surgery: Comparison to Standard Invasive Coronary Angiography
Authors: Probst C. , Kovacs A. , Schmitz C. , Schiller W. , Schild H. , Welz A.
Published: October 2007

Objective: Invasive, selective coronary angiography is the gold standard for evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and degree of stenosis. The purpose of this study was to compare 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructed 16-slice multislice computed tomographic (MSCT) angiography and selective coronary angiography in patients before elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure. Methods: Sixteen-slice MSCT scans (Philips Mx8000 IDT) were performed in 50 patients (42 male/8 female; mean age, 64.44 8.66 years) scheduled for elective CABG procedure. Scans were retrospectively electrocardiogram-gated 3D reconstructed. The images of the coronary arteries were evaluated for stenosis by 2 independent radiologists. The results were compared with the coronary angiography findings using the American Heart Association segmental classification for coronary arteries. Results: Four patients (8%) were excluded for technical reasons. Thirty-eight patients (82.6%) had 3-vessel disease, 4 (8.7 %) had 2-vessel disease, and 4 (8.7%) had an isolated left anterior descending artery stenosis. In the proximal segments all stenoses >50% (56/56) were detected by MSCT; medial segment sensitivity was 97% (73/75), specificity 90.3%; distal segment sensitivity was 90.7% (59/65), specificity 77%. Conclusion: Accurate quantification of coronary stenosis greater than 50% in the proximal and medial segments is possible with high sensitivity and specificity using the new generation of 16-slice MSCTs. There is still a tendency to overestimate stenosis in the distal segments. MSCT seems to be an excellent diagnostic tool for screening patients with possible CAD.
Myocardial Protection Using HTK Solution in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Savini C. , Camurri N. , Castelli A. , Dell'Amore A. , Pacini D. , Suarez S. Martin , Grillone G. , Bartolomeo R. Di
Published: October 2007

Background: Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) is a safe and satisfactory approach used mainly in mitral valve surgery with excellent results in many centers. Cardioplegia administration can be still a problem, especially when an endoaortic clamp is used. We retrospectively analyzed our early results with histidine-triptophane-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution used for myocardial protection in MICS. Methods: Between February 2003 and February 2004, 8 patients underwent mitral valve surgery using an endo- cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) system and HTK solution as myocardial protection. The mean patient age was 67.7 9.2 years, and the preoperative ejection fraction was normal in all patients. Three patients had valve repair and 5 had valve replacement. Mean CPB time was 129.2 19.4 minutes, and aortic cross-clamp duration was 88.5 15.4 minutes. Results: In every case HTK solution was used for only a single dose for cardioplegia at the beginning of the procedure, without any recalls. The heart restarted spontaneously at reperfusion in 6 of 8 cases (75%), and there were no significant modifications in electrocardiogram results or myocardial cytonecrosis enzymes (creatine kinase and its MB fraction) during the postoperative period. Conclusions: HTK solution is a cold crystalloid cardioplegia solution that has demonstrated its utility in MICS because it provides a safe long cardioplegic arrest time and it reduces the risk of inadequate coronary perfusion due to dislodgement of the endoaortic clamp.
Impending Paradoxical Embolism across a Patent Foramen Ovale: Case Report
Authors: Kavarana Minoo N. , Boice Todd , Gray Laman A.
Published: October 2007

We describe a case of impending paradoxical embolism in a 43-year-old male patient with pulmonary embolism. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a thromboembolus straddling a patent foramen ovale. The patient underwent emergency removal of the intracardiac clot with closure of the patent foramen ovale. A postoperative work-up for a hypercoagulable state revealed a protein-S deficiency and bilateral lower extremity deep vein thromboses. A Greenfield inferior vena cava filter was inserted, anticoagulation was performed, and warfarin treatment was continued after the patient was discharged home.
The Technical Aspect of the Gastroepiploic Artery Graft Skeletonization with the Harmonic Scalpel: The Samurai Technique
Authors: Kamiya Hiroyuki , Watanabe Go , Tomita Shigeyuki , Takemura Hirofumi , Nagamine Hiroshi , Nishida Satoru
Published: October 2007

A novel skeletonization technique using the scissors-type harmonic scalpel (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, OH, USA) is presented. This "samurai technique," which uses the harmonic scalpel by frequently turning over the scissors, facilitates the handling of the gastroepiploic artery, enlarges the caliber size, and allows easy skeletonization without any vessel injury.
An Unusual Case of Thyroid Hurtle Cell Carcinoma with Direct Extension to the Right Brachiocephalic Vein, Right Auricle, and Right Atrium: Case Report
Authors: Dogan Omer Faruk , Hanci Deniz , Sungur Arzu , Unal Omer Faruk , Demircin Metin
Published: October 2007

The clinical behavior of various types of thryroid tumor have been much studied during the past several decades, and the histologic features, surgical management, and prognostic factors of follicular and papillary tumors in particular have been clarified to a considerable degree. On the other hand, there is still controversy concerning management of Hurtle cell tumor (HCT) of the thyroid. HCT is not a common disease, making it impossible to obtain sufficient clinical data at a single institution. It has been reported that all HCT are aggressive and should be treated as malignant tumors. It is believed that an accurate differential diagnosis can be made between cancer and adenoma on the basis of pathological studies. We describe a patient with HCT of the thyroid extending into the right atrium. To our knowledge, after a Medline search, this is the first such case in the medical literature. The interesting features are described, and the relevant literature is briefly reviewed.
Remission of High-Output Heart Failure after Surgical Repair of 30-Month Arteriovenous Femoral Fistula: Case Report
Authors: Bajraktari Gani , Rexhepaj Nehat , Bakalli Aurora , Shaqiri Gazmend , Osmani Eshref , Vokrri Lulzim , Elezi Shpend
Published: October 2007

We present a 15-year-old male patient who was admitted to our hospital because of breathlessness and palpitations at minimal physical effort (New York Heart Association class II). The patient had a history of an abdominal and left thigh firearm wound that was surgically treated 30 months earlier. Auscultation over the left femoral groin region revealed a systolo-diastolic murmur. X-ray examination of the chest demonstrated significant cardiomegaly. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed an enlargement of 4 cardiac chambers, as well as significant mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Vascular ultrasound of the femoral artery and vein confirmed the diagnosis of a traumatic arteriovenous fistula. The patient underwent surgical correction of the fistula, after which the symptoms subsided rapidly. Follow-up echocardio-graphy performed 2 months after surgical repair showed a substantial reduction of cardiac size and a nearly complete absence of valvular regurgitations. This case highlights the importance of the recognition of arteriovenous fistulas as a cause of unexpected heart failure and demonstrates that the condition may improve substantially and rapidly after fistula correction.
Gender and Ecofeminism
Authors: Dalton Anne Marie
Published: October 2007

In this article I explore the implications of feminist and gender approaches for development for ecofeminism, especially religious ecofeminism. I base my discussion primarily on my experience of conducting gender analysis for a development project in China and Vietnam.1 My purpose is to explore the religious questions that were raised for me in this concrete (and not explicitly religious) context. I conclude (1) that religious ecofeminism can gain insight from the concrete data supplied by gender analysis; attention to the actual day to day roles of men and women not only tests accepted theories but also raises new concerns and challenges that must be taken seriously within the ecofeminist agenda, and (2) that the concrete data of my experience suggest that a religious ecofeminism relevant to the poor of the developing world (or perhaps poor anywhere) must focus primarily on an agenda for the so-called developed world.
Man the Hunter? Hunting, Ecology, and Gender in Judaism
Authors: Kay Paul A. , Chodos Bob
Published: October 2007

This paper asks whether religious tradition can offer alternative models to ‘man the hunter,’ and what such models might imply for environmental sensibility. We examine these questions specifically in the context of Judaism. Biblical, Talmudic, and rabbinic texts are reviewed and are found to belie the common belief that Judaism forbids hunting. Hunting was permitted under some circumstances and biblical sources indicate its occurrence in patriarchal and monarchical times. However, it was strictly limited by religious law about permitted foods and treatment of animals. Judaism’s preferred food system for meat was the flock rather than the hunt. In marked distinction to the classical Greco-Roman model, in which hunting was the mark of the true man, Judaism’s ideal for manhood became the scholar. An environmental ethic of stewardship, a middle ground between hunting as a central cultural attribute and total abstinence from using animals, is implied even if not fully put into practice.
O trabalho individualizado: da venda à dádiva
Authors: Thiry'Cherques Hermano Roberto
Published: October 2007

Este artigo estabelece um paralelo entre a categoria da dádiva, tal como definida por Marcel Mauss, e as estruturas relacionais do trabalho. Com base em pesquisa realizada junto a 122 organizações públicas e privadas, de diversos setores da economia, foi possível identificar: a superação da estrutura do trabalho em equipe (teamwork) e a prevalência de uma estrutura que privilegia o trabalho individualizado. A partir dessa constatação, o artigo discute a possibilidade de que o sistema de compra-venda do trabalho fragmentado esteja sendo substituído pelo sistema da dádiva-reconhecimento do trabalho individualizado. A pesquisa cujos resultados são comentados neste artigo indica que esse movimento não é fruto de uma evolução ou de uma circunstância momentânea, mas de uma mutação. Na tentativa de sobreviver às pressões do mercado, as organizações se encontraram na contingência de impor uma mudança radical na gestão de seus ativos. Como decorrência, a maneira como os recursos humanos são contratados, utilizados e descartados se alterou. A forma estrutural do trabalho-mercadoria vendido fragmentariamente se viu substituída pela estrutura em que o resultado do trabalho em lotes e frações integrais é transacionado contra recompensas que transcendem a simples remuneração.