bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron–ion Recombination Rate Coefficients of Be-like 40Ca16+
Authors: Wang S. X. , Xu X. , Huang Z. K. , Wen W. Q. , Wang H. B. , Khan N. , Preval S. P. , Badnell N. R. , Schippers S. , Mahmood S. , Dou L. J. , Chuai X. Y. , Zhao D. M. , Zhu X. L. , Mao L. J. , Ma X. M. , Li J. , Mao R. S. , Yuan Y. J. , Tang M. T. , Yin D. Y. , Yang J. C. , Ma X. , Zhu L. F.
Published: July 2018

Electron–ion recombination rate coefficients for beryllium-like calcium ions in the center of mass energy from 0 to 51.88 eV have been measured by means of the electron–ion merged-beam technique at the main cooler storage ring at the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou, China. The measurement energy range covers the dielectronic recombination (DR) resonances associated with the

core excitations and the trielectronic recombination (TR) resonances associated with the

core excitations. In addition, the AUTOSTRUCTURE code was used to calculate the recombination rate coefficients for comparison with the experimental results. Resonant recombination originating from parent ions in the long-lived metastable state

ions has been identified in the recombination spectrum below 1.25 eV. A good agreement is achieved between the experimental recombination spectrum and the result of the AUTOSTRUCTURE calculations when fractions of 95% ground-state ions and 5% metastable ions are assumed in the calculation. It is found that the calculated TR resonance positions agree with the experimental peaks, while the resonance strengths are underestimated by the theoretical calculation. Temperature dependent plasma rate coefficients for DR and TR in the temperature range of 103–108 K were derived from the measured electron–ion recombination rate coefficients and compared with the available theoretical results from the literature. In the temperature range of photoionized plasmas, the presently calculated rate coefficients and the recent results of Gu & Colgan et al. are up to 30% lower than the experimentally derived ones, and the older atomic data are even up to 50% lower than the present experimental result. This is because strong resonances situated below electron–ion collision energies of 50 meV were underestimated by the theoretical calculation, which also has a severe influence on the rate coefficients in low-temperature plasmas. In the temperature range of collisionally ionized plasmas, agreement within 25% was found between the experimental result and the present calculation as well as the calculation by Colgan et al. The present result constitutes a set of benchmark data for use in astrophysical modeling.
The Strongest Magnetic Fields on the Coolest Brown Dwarfs
Authors: Kao Melodie M. , Hallinan Gregg , Pineda J. Sebastian , Stevenson David , Burgasser Adam
Published: July 2018

We have used NSF’s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array to observe a sample of five known radio-emitting late-L and T dwarfs ranging in age from ∼0.2 to 3.4 Gyr. We observed each target for seven hours, extending to higher frequencies than previously attempted and establishing proportionally higher limits on maximum surface magnetic field strengths. Detections of circularly polarized pulses at 8–12 GHz yield measurements of 3.2–4.1 kG localized magnetic fields on four of our targets, including the archetypal cloud variable and likely planetary-mass object T2.5 dwarf SIMP J01365663+0933473. We additionally detect a pulse at 15–16.5 GHz for the T6.5 dwarf 2MASS 10475385+2124234, corresponding to a localized 5.6 kG field strength. For the same object, we tentatively detect a 16.5–18 GHz pulse, corresponding to a localized 6.2 kG field strength. We measure rotation periods between ∼1.47–2.28 hr for 2MASS J10430758+2225236, 2MASS J12373919+6526148, and SDSS J04234858–0414035, supporting (i) an emerging consensus that rapid rotation may be important for producing strong dipole fields in convective dynamos, and/or (ii) rapid rotation is a key ingredient for driving the current systems powering auroral radio emission. We observe evidence of variable structure in the frequency-dependent time series of our targets on timescales shorter than a rotation period, suggesting a higher degree of variability in the current systems near the surfaces of brown dwarfs. Finally, we find that age, mass, and temperature together cannot account for the strong magnetic fields produced by our targets.
Physics of Eclipsing Binaries. III. Spin–Orbit Misalignment
Authors: Horvat Martin , Conroy Kyle E. , Pablo Herbert , Hambleton Kelly M. , Kochoska Angela , Giammarco Joseph , Prša Andrej
Published: July 2018

Binary systems where the axis of rotation (spin) of one or both components is tilted w.r.t. the axis of revolution are called misaligned binary systems. The angle of misalignment, obliquity, has been measured for a handful of stars and extrasolar planets to date. Here, we present a mathematical framework for a complete and rigorous treatment of misalignment and introduce an extension to the public PHOEBE code that implements this framework. We discuss misalignment for the Roche geometry and introduce methods for computing stellar shapes, equilibrium (generalized Lagrange) points of the potential, and minimal requirements for lobe existence. Efficient parameterization of misalignment is proposed in the plane-of-sky coordinates and implementation details in PHOEBE are given alongside the proof-of-concept toy model, comparison with a known misaligned binary DI Her, and comparison with a misaligned planetary system, Kepler-13. We provide important mathematical details of the model in the Appendix. This paper accompanies the release of PHOEBE 2.1, which is available from its website, http://phoebe-project.org.
Reclassification of Parapterulicium Corner (Pterulaceae, Agaricales), contributions to Lachnocladiaceae and Peniophoraceae (Russulales) and introduction of Baltazaria gen. nov.
Authors: Leal-Dutra Caio A. , Neves Maria Alice , Griffith Gareth W. , Reck Mateus A. , Clasen Lina A. , Dentinger Bryn T. M.
Published: July 2018

The genus Parapterulicium was first introduced to accommodate two Brazilian species of coralloid fungi with affinities to Pterulaceae (Agaricales). Despite the coralloid habit and the presence of skeletal hyphae, other features, notably the presence of gloeocystidia, dichophyses and papillate hyphal ends, differentiate this genus from Pterulaceaesensu stricto. Fieldwork in Brazil resulted in the rediscovery of two coralloid fungi identifiable as Parapterulicium, the first verified collections of this genus since Corner’s original work in the 1950s. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of nrITS and nrLSU sequences from these modern specimens revealed affinities with the /peniophorales clade in the Russulales, rather than Pterulaceae. The presence of distinctive hyphal elements, homologous to the defining features of /peniophorales, is consistent with the phylogenetic evidence and thus clearly distinguished Parapterulicium and its type species P.subarbusculum from Pterulaceae, placing this genus within /peniophorales. Parapterulicium was also found to be polyphyletic so Baltazaria gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate P.octopodites, Scytinostromagalactinum, S.neogalactinum and S.eurasiaticogalactinum also within /peniophorales.
Les compagnies de moulins en Occitanie : émergence et gouvernance de sociétés par actions multiséculaires
Authors: Le Bris David , Goetzmann William N. , Pouget Sébastien
Published: July 2018

À partir du Moyen Âge, un gouvernement d’entreprise original prospère sur les bords des rivières occitanes pour gérer des moulins organisés sous forme de sociétés par actions. Pour résoudre les problématiques intemporelles créées par la séparation entre propriété et contrôle, ces entreprises trouvent des solutions souvent très modernes. Les actionnaires bénéficient de la responsabilité limitée, prennent les grandes décisions en assemblée générale, nomment des administrateurs et des auditeurs des comptes pour veiller à leurs intérêts et mettent en place des politiques de surveillance. D’autres aspects sont plus originaux comme une politique de no free-cash-flows , des mandats annuels d’administrateurs et l’obligation pour un actionnaire désigné d’œuvrer pour le bien de la société. Pour comprendre cette gouvernance originale, le contexte de l’apparition de ces sociétés est tout d’abord présenté. Classification JEL : G32, G34, N5, N23.
Pourquoi manque-t-on d’investisseurs à long terme ?
Authors: Plihon Dominique , Rigot Sandra
Published: July 2018

Les investisseurs institutionnels sont devenus les principaux acteurs des marchés financiers internationaux, à côté des banques systémiques. Ces acteurs offrent des services financiers différents mais, selon la théorie, ils ont pour fonction commune de réduire les imperfections des marchés et d’assurer l’ajustement global entre l’épargne et l’investissement. Cependant, l’observation montre que, dans la réalité, le comportement de ces acteurs est affecté d’un biais court-termiste, qui s’explique notamment par leur politique de délégation de la gestion de leurs actifs. Ce comportement contribue au déséquilibre global entre épargne et investissement, les excédents d’épargne ne pouvant participer au financement des innovations et de la production faute d’investisseurs à long terme. Bien que disposant d’un passif stable et à long terme, certains investisseurs institutionnels ne sont pas en mesure de se projeter sur un horizon long, supérieur aux cycles conjoncturels, car ils ne parviennent pas à s’affranchir des contraintes de liquidité et de la volatilité des marchés. Les facteurs institutionnels, réglementaires et comptables, qu’il serait souhaitable de réformer, semblent contribuer à ce biais court-termiste. Cette situation suggère également que de nouvelles modalités d’intermédiation financière sont nécessaires, telles que celles réalisées par les banques publiques de développement, qui fonctionnent déjà dans certains pays, comme l’Allemagne, le Brésil et la France. Classification JEL : G32, E21, G21, G23.
Le conseil d’administration : enjeux de gouvernance et de responsabilité
Authors: Rebérioux Antoine , Roudaut Gwenael
Published: July 2018

Cet article s’intéresse au rôle, au fonctionnement et à la composition du conseil d’administration dans les sociétés de capitaux. Il s’appuie sur la littérature récente en économie, finance et management, et retrace les principales évolutions des conseils pour les sociétés du SBF120 (Euronext-Paris) sur la période 2007-2015. Les pouvoirs conférés par le droit à cet organe en font un acteur clef de la vie des sociétés, dont l’étude éclaire aussi bien les questions de performance, de gouvernance et de responsabilité des entreprises. Trois thèmes principaux ressortent de cette revue. Le premier est celui de l’organisation interne des conseils en comités spécialisés, qui constitue une voie de recherche prometteuse. Le second est celui de la composition des conseils : alors que la littérature s’est longtemps focalisée sur la question des administrateurs indépendants, c’est maintenant celle de la diversité qui s’impose (à la fois comme vecteur de performance, et comme vecteur de représentation d’intérêts divers). Le dernier thème est celui de la diversité genrée, avec l’adoption par de nombreux pays européens de réglementation en la matière. Classification JEL : G32, G34, M12, M14.
La codétermination : un modèle européen ?
Authors: Clerc Christophe
Published: July 2018

La codétermination est une forme principale d’implication des salariés qui relève de la coparticipation : elle donne directement des pouvoirs réels à l’ensemble des salariés de l’entreprise, par l’intermédiaire de leurs représentants, sans considération de revenus ni contrainte de détention de capital. Au regard de l’histoire comme de l’extension géographique de la codétermination, cette forme de participation des salariés apparaît indubitablement comme un modèle européen, né en Europe et majoritaire dans l’Union européenne. Compte tenu de ses nombreux avantages, la codétermination peut aussi devenir un modèle pour l’avenir de l’Europe. Classification JEL : G32, K22, M12, P12.
L’évolution des rémunérations des dirigeants dans les sociétés cotées françaises
Authors: Almeida Lionel
Published: July 2018

Les rémunérations managériales les plus élevées suscitent chaque année de l’indignation de la part de l’opinion publique. Dans les grandes sociétés cotées françaises du SBF120, les rémunérations les plus hautes n’ont pas augmenté sur l’ensemble de la période 2001-2016. Les rémunérations sous forme de titres ont même eu tendance à reculer dans les plus grandes entreprises, depuis que leur valeur estimée est rendue publique. En revanche, un effet de rattrapage s’observe parmi les sociétés les moins exposées. L’opinion se concentre sur les rémunérations les plus fortes. Ce sont pourtant les rémunérations relativement plus faibles qui progressent le plus et contribuent à l’accroissement des inégalités. De manière plus générale, les rémunérations en numéraire ont nettement augmenté dans l’ensemble des entreprises. Cette hausse est en partie expliquée par des forces de marché, que sont la compétitivité croissante sur le marché des dirigeants et la sensibilité à la performance demandée par les marchés financiers. Classification JEL : G32, G34, M12, M14.
Enjeux et défis de la réduction du bilan de la Fed des États-Unis
Authors: Dupuy Michel , Lacueille Sylvie
Published: July 2018

La normalisation de la politique monétaire américaine, engagée en décembre 2015 avec la hausse des taux directeurs, est entrée dans une nouvelle phase caractérisée par la réduction de la taille du gigantesque bilan de la Fed. L’institut d’émission américain a opté pour une réduction progressive et prévisible de son bilan, basée sur le non-réinvestissement des titres arrivant à échéance. Vu le caractère inédit d’une telle opération de réduction du bilan d’une banque centrale, il convient d’étudier en profondeur les questions que soulève le virage monétaire de la Fed. Un dégonflement mal maîtrisé du bilan de la Fed pourrait en effet déstabiliser l’ensemble des marchés financiers, tant aux États-Unis qu’à l’échelle mondiale. Afin de donner un aperçu le plus complet possible des principaux enjeux et défis de la normalisation du bilan de la Fed, nous avons retenu une approche fondée sur la mise en perspective de la politique monétaire américaine. Après avoir retracé la gestion du bilan de la Fed au début de la normalisation de la politique monétaire américaine, puis montré la nécessité de réduire la taille de ce bilan, nous abordons la question centrale de la détermination du niveau optimal du bilan de l’institut d’émission américain. Classification JEL : E52, E58.
Coup d’œil rétrospectif sur 99 numéros de RMA
Authors: Joffre Patrick , Joffre Clémence
Published: July 2018

Cet article présente un retour réflexif sur les 99 numéros de la revue Management & Avenir . Nous mettons en évidence, à la fois les invariants qui ont permis la publication de plus de 1 300 articles académiques, mais aussi ses évolutions assurant sa pérennité. Dans l’optique de ce retour rétrospectif, cet article approfondit les concepts au cœur de la revue, le management et la prospective. L’étude est fondée sur une analyse thématique et temporelle des articles parus dans RMA.
Formalisation habilitante versus coercitive : le chaînon manquant pour comprendre le bilan mitigé du Dossier Patient Informatisé dans les hôpitaux
Authors: Morquin David , Ologeanu-Taddei Roxana
Published: July 2018

Le bilan mitigé de l’usage du Dossier Patient Informatisé peut être expliqué par la formalisation coercitive induite par la technologie et favorisée par la convergence du système d’information de production clinique et du système d’ information support de la gestion hospitalière. Nous montrons qu’une démarche de formalisation habilitante est la seule susceptible de répondre à la fois aux objectifs de l’organisation et aux besoins des professionnels.
Les coopératives de santé : un nouveau sentier dans l’organisation des soins ?
Authors: Lethielleux Laëtitia , Thénot Maryline , Deroy Xavier
Published: July 2018

L’irréversibilité du New Public Management dans le système de santé semble avérée et introduit une dépendance de sentier. Dans cet article, nous suggérons que les coopératives de santé créent un sentier alternatif. Le cas exploratoire de la coopérative Le Calme montre l’existence de relations humaines remodelées par rapport à celles prévalant dans le NPM. Ce cas évoque aussi les contraintes des coopératives de santé pour créer un sentier alternatif.
Interaction between sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1 phosphate and transforming growth factor-β/Smads pathways in experimental intestinal fibrosis. An in vivo immunohistochemical study
Authors: Sferra Roberta , Pompili Simona , Ventura Luca , Dubuquoy Caroline , Speca Silvia , Gaudio Eugenio , Latella Giovanni , Vetuschi Antonella
Published: July 2018

A concomitant action of multiple profibrotic mediators appears crucial in the development and progression of fibrosis. Sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1 phosphate and transforming growth factor-β/Smads pathways are both involved in pathogenesis of fibrosis in several organs by controlling differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and the epithelial to-mesenchymal transition. However, their direct involvement in chronic colitis-associated fibrosis it is not yet known. In this study we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of some proteins implicated in sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1 phosphate and transforming growth factor-β/Smads pathways in Dextrane Sodium Sulphate (DSS)-induced colorectal fibrosis in mice. Compared to control mice, DSS-induced chronic colitis mice developed a marked intestinal fibrosis associated with a concomitant overexpression of TGF-β, p-Smad3, α-SMA, collagen I-III, SPHK1, RhoA, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p-mTOR. This study highlights the relationship between the two pathways and the possible role of SPHK1 in the intestinal fibrosis.  These results, if confirmed by in vitro studies, may have important clinical implications in the development of new therapeutical approaches in inflammatory bowel disease.
What kind of world do we want for tomorrow? The Estates General of Bioethic in France / Quel monde voulons-nous pour demain? Les États généraux de la bioéthique en France
Authors: Thiel Marie-Jo
Published: July 2018

In France, the legislator has planned to organize at regular intervals the Estates General of Bioethics (EGB), an opportunity to inform and question the French people on the subject, and the first step (enshrined in the law) of the regular revision of so-called bioethics laws. The spring 2018 edition is proposed under the heading: “What world do we want for tomorrow?” and schedules a revision of the bioethical laws by the end of 2018. It is organized by the National Consultative Ethics Committee for Health and Life Sciences in connection with all eighteen spaces for regional or interregional ethical reflection (ERER). This contribution reviews the history of bioethical debates and legislation in France, then examines the modalities and themes of the current debate, which is still in progress at the time of writing, before concluding with a somewhat distanced reflection on the complexity of the bioethical debate and the importance of not forgetting its so-called global perspective. ---------- En France, le législateur a prévu d’organiser à intervalles réguliers des États généraux de la bioéthique (EGB), occasion d’informer et d’interroger les Français.es sur le sujet, et première étape (inscrite dans la loi) de la révision à intervalles réguliers des lois dites de bioéthique. L’édition du printemps 2018 est proposée sous la rubrique: «Quel monde voulons-nous pour demain?» et prévoit une révision des lois bioéthiques pour la fin 2018. Elle est organisée par le comité consultatif national d’éthique en lien avec l’ensemble des dix-huit Espaces de réflexion éthique regionaux ou inter- regionaux (ERER). Cette contribution revient sur l’historique des débats et législations bioéthiques en France, puis elle examine les modalités et les thèmes du débat actuel toujours en cours à l’heure où cet article est écrit, avant de conclure avec une réflexion quelque peu distanciée sur la complexité du débat bioéthique et l’importance de ne pas oublier sa perspective dite globale.
The “end of life” rights as biolegal issue / I “diritti” di fine vita come problema biogiuridico
Authors: Vitale Aldo Rocco
Published: July 2018

The text examines the configurability of the bundle of rights that outline around the final stages of life and that are biolegal problems. In this regard it appears appropriate to distinguish between end-of-life “typical” rights and “atypical” end-of-life rights, in view of their legal founding and ethical and social shareability.----------Il testo prende in esame la configurabilità di quel fascio di diritti che si vengono a delineare intorno alle fasi finali della vita e che si propongono come problema di carattere biogiuridico. In proposito appare opportuna la distinzione tra diritti di fine vita “propri” e diritti di fine vita “impropri”, in considerazione della loro fondabilità giuridica e condivisibilità etica e sociale.
Infusing African management philosophy into project management
Authors: Marnewick Carl , Erasmus Wikus , Joseph Nazeer
Published: July 2018

Orientation: The project management field of study is investigated in the context of the current debate on decolonisation of the university curriculum.Research purpose: Current project management theories and curriculum are based on Western management philosophy (WMP). This creates tension on the African continent where the debate is currently about the revival of African management philosophy (AMP) and how it should form part of management theories and the discourse in general.Motivation for the study: The problem currently is that AMP is not incorporated or even discussed within project management literature. The aim of this article is to create discussion around AMP and how it can be infused into project management theories and ultimately the curriculum. The AMP and WMP are discussed through the lens of project management, specifically the Project Management Body of Knowledge.Research design, approach and method: Philosophical discussion was employed to facilitate the discussion of infusing AMP into project management. Various historical concepts and practices were explored to provide perspective concerning management philosophies and theories.Main findings: Infusing AMP into the curriculum must be a conscientious effort from the academic staff who teach project management. Moreover, true infusion of AMP is best facilitated through the interaction between academics, students and stakeholders. There are, however, certain processes that are principle agnostic and are independent of either AMP or WMP.Practical/managerial implications: We should philosophise more on infusing AMP into project management, creating new theories, and that the curriculum should be adjusted to incorporate AMP.Contribution/value-add: This paper stimulates discussion around AMP and project management.
Factors influencing enrolled nursing students’ academic performance at a selected private nursing education institution in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Dube Makhosazane B. , Mlotshwa Puseletso R.
Published: July 2018

Background: The success of any educational institution is measured by its academic performance or how well students meet the standards set out. Currently, nursing students’ academic failure is a phenomenon of growing international interest because of its economic impact and its negative effects on the availability of future nurses in different health care systems. Factors identified as influencing the academic performance of students include the socio-economic background of parents or guardians, lecturer–student relationships, academic support services, demographic factors, quality of nurse educators, availability of facilities in the school, the language of instruction and level of entry qualifications of students.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of enrolled student nurses on factors influencing their academic performance in a private nursing school in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Method: Data were collected from 100 respondents using an adapted instrument related to the factors believed to influence students’ academic performance.Results: The results showed that parental involvement in education, good and supportive relationships between nurse educators and students, classroom computer technological gadgets, internet connection and adequate learning facilities were perceived as fostering better academic performance of students. In contrast, poor family background, use of English language for classroom instruction as well as negative peer group influences were leading to poor academic performance.Conclusion: Nursing institutions should, therefore, select students with higher-level entry qualifications, early identify at-risk students, recruit more qualified nurse educators and upgrade their facilities.
Support of students by academics in a nursing foundation programme at a university in the Western Cape
Authors: Daniels Annelize D. , Jooste Karien
Published: July 2018

Background: Owing to the inadequate schooling system and the under-preparedness of students in South African high schools, Higher Education Institutions are faced with students who do not meet the minimum criteria for acceptance into a mainstream programme and need support from an extended foundation programme.Objectives: The study described the support of students by lecturers in an extended 5-year nursing foundation programme.Method: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design was applied. Purposive sampling was conducted, and eight nursing students who completed the foundation year took part in semi-structured individual interviews. Each interview took around 30 min and was digitally recorded. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using open coding. Ethical principles and trustworthiness were maintained throughout the study.Results: The findings of this study indicated that experiences varied on a foundation programme. Participants expressed support in a nurturing environment in which the lecturers were open and approachable with a positive attitude. Lecturers could support students by being caring and advising in learning methods around the programme. Lecturers could focus on the method of peer support which should be encouraged beyond the programme so as to provide a sense of camaraderie amongst students.Conclusion: Data revealed that support of lecturers in a foundation programme needs creative methods to make the learning environment nurturing for students. This provides for students from diverse backgrounds the opportunity to prepare for their studies at a university level. Insights gained from this study, which highlight the importance of supporting foundation students, could benefit all nurse educators offering foundation programmes.
Marginalised millennials: Conversation or conversion towards a Christian lifestyle in South Africa?
Authors: Knoetze Johannes J.
Published: July 2018

The World Council of Churches’ statement prepared by the Commission on World Mission and Evangelism, Together Towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes, states that mission from the margins calls for an understanding of the complexities of power dynamics. These power dynamics include global systems and structures, as well as local and contextual realities. One of the local contextual realities of South Africa is ‘a culture of violence’ against the vulnerable. Many millennials in South Africa – which constitute the majority of the current South African population – form part of the marginalised, not only in the global systems and structures but also in the local context. TLL acknowledges that Christian mission, and by implication the Christian church, largely failed to challenge economic, cultural and political systems that have marginalised many in the South African context, including the millennials. However, this article wants to study the millennials in South Africa from a missional church perspective regarding their views on culture, gender and violence and will attend to the following two issues: firstly, the role of culture in marginalisation, and secondly, the question about a proper response by the church, namely conversation or conversion?
A 12-week, whole-food carbohydrate-restricted feasibility study in overweight children
Authors: Zinn Caryn , Schmiedel Ole , McPhee Julia , Harris Nigel , Williden Micalla , Wheldon Mark , Stride Diane , Schofield Grant
Published: July 2018

Background: Childhood obesity is a global health concern. Conventional nutrition guidelines have come under scrutiny in helping to achieve long-term healthy weight. An alternative carbohydrate-restricted, higher fat approach has shown to be effective in adults, but research is limited in youth. Aim: To assess the feasibility of a 12-week whole-food, carbohydrate-restricted diet on weight loss and metabolic health. Setting: Overweight children aged 8–13 years. Methods: In this single-arm study, 25 overweight children were provided with whole-food, carbohydrate-restricted dietary guidelines. Primary outcomes – dietary acceptability, adherence and affordability – were assessed qualitatively weekly (telephone) and post-intervention (focus groups). Secondary outcomes – Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, lipids and glycaemic control measures – were assessed at 0 and 12 weeks. Change scores were analysed using the t-statistic and interpreted using the statistical significance threshold, p  0.05. Results: Overall, dietary acceptability was mostly positive, and reports of affordability by parents were mixed. Attrition rates were high (48%); adherence was influenced, positively and negatively, by levels of support from friends and family. Completing children reduced BMI by 2.1 ± 1.5 kg.m2 (p  0.05). Key blood parameter changes included a reduction in triglycerides (−0.17 ± 0.48 mmol/L; p = 0.242) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (0.24 ± 0.19 mmol/L; p  0.05). Conclusion: Children achieved some weight loss and health outcome success using this dietary approach. For sustainable weight loss maintenance, full family and health professional support, particularly on a more intensive level at the start, may be required.
Perceptions of factors that affect employability amongst a sample of final-year students at a rural South African university
Authors: Harry Tinashe , Chinyamurindi Willie T. , Mjoli Themba
Published: July 2018

Orientation: The unemployment rate within the South African context is on the rise. Given this, there is a need to understand factors influencing employability amongst a sample of final-year students in preparation for their transit into the labour market. Research purpose: The overall objective of this research was to explore final-year students’ perceptions of factors that affect employability. This was amongst a sample of students that were enrolled at a rural university in South Africa. Motivation for the study: Within graduate employability studies, calls have been made to understand the factors around employability especially within a context of high unemployment. This study allows for an understanding of the journey from higher education into the labour market for previously disadvantaged individuals. Research approach/design and method: An interpretivist, qualitative research approach using an exploratory research design was adopted to explore student perceptions and concerns of employability. Focus-group interviews were used as a data gathering technique amongst 30 final-year students about to exit the university system. Data were recorded, transcribed and processed, and narrative analysis used. Main findings: Through the analysis, a set of six factors were perceived to influence employability: (1) poor socio-economic status, (2) a poor education system, (3) curriculum issues, (4) the choice of higher education institution and (5) social connections to which the student belongs to. Practical/managerial implications: Through the identified factors, career counsellors can better understand their clients and those issues that shape their lived experiences. The findings can also assist the provision of better career guidance services. Contribution/value-add: This study provides an understanding of the complex issues facing potential graduates through lived experiences. It provides an understanding of student perceptions towards employability, which policymakers should consider when addressing the issue of unemployment in the country.
Mammogram history in Nigerian women: Age-related risk factors for breast cancer and educational implications
Authors: Umeh Eric O. , Umeh Kanayo F. , Ebubedike Uzoamaka R. , Ezeugbor Chiamaka F. , Anene Chukwuziem N.
Published: July 2018

Background: Breast cancer accounts for 25% of diagnosed cancers and 20% of cancer-related mortality in women from sub-Saharan Africa. Given the early onset of breast cancer in African women, there is a need to better understand how age-related risk factors contribute to mammography uptake in this population.Aim: To identify age-related risk factors for breast cancer associated with previous uptake of mammograms in asymptomatic Nigerian women and consider implications for health education campaigns.Method: Participants comprised 544 asymptomatic Nigerian women (aged 28–75 years) responding to breast cancer public awareness campaigns, by presenting for baseline or screening mammography at a local hospital. Information about mammography history and age-related risk factors (menarche, menopausal and chronological age) were obtained by interviewing the participants face-to-face, before proceeding with mammography. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of previous mammograms based on the age-related risk factors.Results: The likelihood of previous mammography screening increased by a factor of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.14) for every year older chronologically and decreased by a factor of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.24–1.01) for every year older at menarche. Age at menarche partly mediated the relationship between chronological age and mammography history (effect = –0.01, 95% CI: –0.01, –0.00). Women with a history of breast cancer were 6.11 times more likely to have previously undertaken mammography screening (95% CI: 2.49–14.97). Age at menopause and age at first confinement were unrelated to mammography history.Conclusions: Nigerian women may recognise the need for mammograms because of adverse age-related risk factors for breast cancer, notably menarche and chronological age. However, awareness of menopausal age as a risk factor and basis for mammography screening may be deficient. It is therefore recommended that public awareness campaigns should emphasise the importance of older menopausal age in breast cancer risk and as a basis for requesting mammograms.
Missional postures and practices for South African Baptist churches
Authors: Henry Desmond
Published: July 2018

This article enumerates the importance of a missional posture in our Baptist cultural moment and details various issues related to the author’s definition of the concept missio Dei. Moving to contextual practices among South African Baptists, the author deals with missional practices deployed in the Baptist context from a participant observer basis. Important principles for the effective implementation of those missional practices across the evangelical denominational divide can be drawn.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article seeks to challenge the modern conception of church as attractional and presents an alternative model that aligns with the recent missional conversations by highlighting five missional practices for congregations to implement for the common good. The fields of theology, missiology and ecclesiology are impacted by this study as it uses the author’s contextual findings as participant observer.
Alexidine versus chlorhexidine for endodontic irrigation with sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Jain Kanav , Agarwal Padmanidhi , Jain Supriya , Seal Mukut , Adlakha Twisha
Published: July 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to chemically evaluate precipitate formation on irrigation by different concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) and alexidine (ALX) with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Materials and Methods: Six test tubes were prepared with 1 ml of 4% NaOCl. One milliliter of 2%, 1%, 0.5%, and 0.25% ALX was added to the first four, and in the last two, 1 ml of 2% CHX and 0.2% CHX was added, respectively. Samples were observed for color changes or precipitates at multiple time intervals. All solutions were then centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 min and re-examined for precipitates. This process was repeated twice. Fifty freshly extracted premolars were biomechanically prepared, dried, divided into two groups, and irrigated with 10 ml of 4% NaOCl and 10 ml of 2% ALX (Group 1) and 10 ml of 4% NaOCl and 10 ml of 2% CHX (Group 2). These samples were sectioned and observed for precipitates on the dentinal surfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The color of the solution of ALX and NaOCl stayed transparent and no precipitate was observed. A color change was noted immediately on mixing CHX and NaOCl which did not change with time. Precipitates were only observed in the solutions of CHX with NaOCl and after centrifuging them. SEM views also showed dense precipitates covering the dentinal surface and occluding the dentinal tubules in Group 2. Conclusion: The interaction of ALX and NaOCl does not produce precipitates which together with its better antimicrobial action make ALX a more effective and safer replacement for CHX as an adjunctive endodontic irrigant.
Residual smear layer after root canal instrumentation by using Niti, M-Wire and CM-Wire instruments: A scanning electron microscopy analysis
Authors: Machado Ricardo , Comparin Daniel , Back Eduardo Donato Eing Engelke , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti , Alberton Luiz Rômulo
Published: July 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of residual smear layer after root canal instrumentation by using Ni-Ti, M-Wire, and CM-Wire instruments. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two mandibular incisors were randomly divided into six groups according to the system used: WaveOne (WO), Reciproc (RP), Unicone (UC), ProTaper Next (PN), Mtwo (MT), and HyFlex (HF). Afterward, the specimens were cleaved in the mesiodistal and buccolingual direction for analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Considering both directions and root canal thirds, there was no difference between HF, MT, and PN. RP, UC, and WO presented a significant difference between the directions, and the cervical third showed a significantly smaller quantity of residual smear layer compared with the apical third. When the systems were compared among them, there was a significant difference only between RP and WO. Conclusions: Residual smear layer observed after instrumentation with the different systems was similar, except for quantities between the reciprocating systems.
Effect of the Er: YAG laser on the shear bond strength of conventional glass ionomer and BiodentineTM to dentine
Authors: Aljdaimi Abtesam , Devlin Hugh , Dickinson Mark
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if Er: YAG laser etching improves the shear bond strength (SBS) of Biodentin™ and GC Fuji IX® to dentine. Materials and Methods: Forty human dentine specimens were standardized and embedded in stone. The specimens were randomized into four groups (n = 10). Twenty samples were treated with the Er: YAG laser radiation and 10 of these restored with GC Fuji IX® and 10 with Biodentine™. The remaining 20 specimens acted as controls (no laser treatment); 10 were restored with GC Fuji IX® and 10 with Biodentin™. All samples were then stored in an incubator at 37.5°C and 100% humidity for 7 days. The SBS was determined using a Zwick universal testing machine. A two-way analysis of variance test was used to evaluate the statistical difference in SBS between the groups. An independent sample t-test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between control and lased groups within the same material. Results: A highly statistically significant difference in SBS was found with the laser treatment (P = 0.0001) and material (i.e., Biodentin™ or Fuji IX® (P = 0.0001). The GC Fuji IX® group recorded the highest mean SBS required to dislodge the material from the laser-treated dentine surface (1.77 ± 0.22 Mega-Pascal [MPa]). The mean SBS of Biodentin™ to dentine following the laser radiation (1.12 ± 0.16 MPa) was significantly greater compared to the nonlased dentine (0.53 ± 0.09). Pearson Chi-square test indicated a nonsignificant relation between shear strength and mode of failure (P = 0.467). Conclusion: Laser etching of the dentine surfaces yielded a significant increase in the bond strength for both GC Fuji IX® and Biodentin™. The SBS of Biodentin™ to dentine is greater than with conventional glass ionomer (Fuji IX®).
The effect of autologous leukocyte platelet rich fibrin on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tehranchi Azita , Behnia Hossein , Pourdanesh Fereydoun , Behnia Parsa , Pinto Nelson , Younessian Farnaz
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LPRF, placed in extraction sockets, on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Materials and Methods: Thirty extraction sockets from eight patients (five males, three females, with a mean age of 17.37 years; range 12–25 years) requiring extraction of first premolars based on their orthodontic treatment plan participated in this split-mouth clinical trial. In one randomly selected quadrant of each jaw, the extraction socket was preserved as the experimental group by immediate placement of LPRF in the extraction socket. The other quadrant served as the control group for secondary healing. Immediately, the teeth adjacent to the defects were pulled together by a NiTi closed-coil spring with constant force. A piece of 0.016 × 0.022-inch stainless steel wire was used as the main arch wire. The amount of OTM was measured on the study casts at eight time points with 2-week intervals for 3 months. Analysis of random effect model was performed for the purpose of comparison between the experimental and control groups. Results: According to the random effect model, a statistically significant difference was found between the experimental and control group in rate of OTM (P = 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results, application of LPRF, as an interdisciplinary approach combining orthodontics and surgery, may accelerate OTM, particularly in extraction cases.
Cone beam computed tomographic survey of the mesiobuccal root canal anatomy in the maxillary first and second molar teeth of an Iranian population
Authors: Khosravifard Negar , Kajan Zahra Dalili , Hasanpoor Homayoon
Published: July 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mesiobuccal (MB) root canal(s) anatomy of the maxillary first and second molar teeth in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images of 280 teeth (145 maxillary first molars and 135 maxillary second molars) were analyzed to determine the number and types of the MB root canals. Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between the number of MB canals and sex and Mann–Whitney analysis was used to define the relationship between the number of canals and the buccopalatal dimension of the MB roots. The level of interobservers' agreement was assessed with Kappa test. Results: Nearly 44.8% of the first molar and 18.5% of the second molar teeth had an additional MB canal (MB2). Types I and III of root canals had the highest frequencies. There was no significant relationship between the number of MB root canals of maxillary first and second molars and sex (P = 0.829). The relationship between the buccopalatal dimension of the MB roots and the number of root canals was shown to be statistically significant (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Presence of MB2 had a relatively high frequency, especially in the maxillary first molars. The mean buccopalatal dimension of the MB roots showed to be interrelated with the number of root canals.
Case Report: Imported Case of Lassa Fever — New Jersey, May 2015
Authors: Kulkarni Prathit A. , Chew Debra , Youssef-Bessler Manal , Hamdi Hanaa A. , Montoya Lindsay A. , Cervantes Kimberly B. , Mazur Nicole L. , Lucas Diana , Wells Julia W. , Cennimo David , Sutherland Anne , Di Domenico Linda M. , Miller Lincoln P. , Pierre-Louis Frantz , Rokosz Gregory , Nazir Atif , de Perio Marie A. , Lowe Luis , Manning Craig , Mead Kenneth R. , Christensen Bryan E. , Albariño César G. , Ströher Ute , Glover Maleeka , Lifshitz Edward I. , Tan Christina G. , Rollin Pierre E. , Semple Shereen
Published: July 2018

We report a fatal case of Lassa fever diagnosed in the United States in a Liberian traveler. We describe infection control protocols and public health response. One contact at high risk became symptomatic, but her samples tested negative for Lassa virus; no secondary cases occurred among health care, family, and community contacts.
Impact of Ivermectin Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis on Scabies in Eight Villages in Kongwa District, Tanzania
Authors: Martin Diana , Wiegand Ryan , Goodhew Brook , Lammie Patrick , Mkocha Harran , Kasubi Mabula
Published: July 2018

Scabies was recently added to the World Health Organization list of neglected tropical diseases. The ability to treat scabies with oral ivermectin makes a mass drug administration (MDA) campaign a feasible option for scabies control. Ivermectin MDA in communities endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF) or onchocerciasis may already be having an impact on scabies. We examined the effect of ivermectin MDA for LF on scabies prevalence over 4 years in eight Tanzanian villages. At baseline, 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7–5.4) of individuals tested positive for scabies, decreasing to 0.84% (95% CI: 0.51–1.4) after one round of ivermectin MDA but increased in Year 3 (2.5% [95% CI: 1.9–3.3]) and Year 4 (2.9% [95% CI: 2.2–3.8]). Most scabies cases were seen in children younger than 15 years. The data suggest that single-dose ivermectin MDA may not be effective in attaining long-term decreases when scabies prevalence is less than 5%.