bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative kinetic studies of the chemical deposition of PbSe with sodium selenosulfate and selenourea with the establishment of the influence of their nature on the composition and morphology of the films
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President  of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Beltseva Anastasia V. , Maskaeva Larisa N. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President  of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Markov Vyatcheslav F. ,   Ural State Fire Service Institute of Emergency ministry  of Russia
Published: February 2021

After analyzing the literature, one can note the increased interest in lead selenide in the thin-film state, used in various fields: from microelectronics to solar energy converters. There are physical and chemical methods for producing PbSe films, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, researchers prefer chemical deposition from aqueous media, which eliminates the need for complex, expensive equipment, heating to high temperatures and creating high pressures. The Ural school of thin-film synthesis has developed and tested a kinetic-thermodynamic method for predicting the chemical deposition of metal chalcogenides. The thermodynamic assessment carried out in our previous publication indicated only the principal possibility of the formation of lead selenide when using selenocarbamide СSe(NH2)2 and sodium selenosulfate Na2SeSO3. For a more complete understanding of this process, a comprehensive approach is necessary, taking into account the patterns of the deposition of the solid phase of PbSe in time, depending on thermodynamic factors - temperature and concentration of reagents. Therefore, in this work, we studied the kinetics of the chemical deposition of lead selenide with selenourea and sodium selenosulfate from solutions containing lead acetate, sodium citrate, ammonium hydroxide and iodide, in the temperature 303 -353 K under conditions of spontaneous nucleation of the solid phase. As a result of the studies, the partial kinetic reaction orders for chalcogenizers were determined, amounting to 0.86 (СSe(NH2)2) and 0.78 (Na2SeSO3), as well as the activation energy of the formation of lead selenide, which amounted to 45.1 and 25.07 kJ/mole, respectively. Hydrochemical deposition of selenocarbamide and sodium selenosulfate produced PbSe films on substrates of sitall and glass with a thickness of 200-300 nm. Energy dispersive analysis and scanning electron microscopy showed the influence of the nature of the substrate, type chalcogenizer on the morphology, particle size distribution and elemental composition of lead selenide layers. An elemental analysis showed that PbSe films precipitated with sodium selenosulfate contain an excess of lead compared to selenium (Pb/Se = 1.25-1.32), and the stoichiometric composition ensures the use of selenocarbamide (Pb/Se = 0.99-1.05).
Oligomethylphenylsiloxanes and methylphenylsiloxane resins: preparation, use and compositions
Authors:   Rus Injection, Kontorov Andrey M. , Glushchenko Alexander Yu. ,   Rus Injection
Published: February 2021

A review is given on the class of organosilicon compounds of oligomethylphenylsiloxanes and methylphenylsiloxane resins. The review includes the main chemical methods for producing oligomethylphenylsiloxanes and methylphenylsiloxane resins, the main reactions, occurring with the participation of oligomethylphenylsiloxanes, areas of application of oligomethylphenylsiloxanes. The review provides compositions of oligomethylphenylsiloxanes. The review consists of 50 literature sources. To obtain oligomethylphenylsiloxanes, several production methods are used. Basically, this is a method of hydrolytic co-condensation of the corresponding organochlorosilanes with subsequent catalytic rearrangement of the hydrolysis products, a heterofunctional condensation reaction, or exchange decomposition. High-polymer organosilicon compounds are obtained as a result of synthesis from alkyl and aryl-substituted esters of orthosilicic acid or from alkyl and arylsilane chlorides, which upon hydrolysis form hydroxy derivatives (silanols), condensing into resins when heated. At present, new fields of application of oligomethylphenylsiloxanes have appeared. This is the creation of radiation-resistant materials, heat-resistant paints, protection of concrete structures, heat-resistant fiberglass.
Ion transport in hydrated compounds based on crystalline polyantimonic acid
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Burmistrov Vladimir A. , Kovalenko Lilia Yu. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Firsova Olga A. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Filonenko Elena M. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Lupitskaya Yulia A. ,   Chelyabinsk State University
Published: February 2021

The present work is devoted to the study of crystalline polyantimonic acid (CPA) structural properties in conditions of ion exchange and heat treatment of its substituted Ag+, H+-forms. According to the obtained data of X-ray diffraction qualitative phase analysis, the compounds analyzed crystallize within the framework of the pyrochlore type structure (space group Fd-3m). For phases being isomorphic to this structural type, it was shown that with an increase in the degree of substitution α, a relative intensity redistribution of the group of reflections with even and odd indices and decrease of unit cell parameter a were observed.. The data of thermogravimetric analysis allows to conclude that the thermolysis of CPA’s ion-substituted forms proceeds in a wide temperature range from 297 to 973 K being accompanied by a decrease of samples weight. Applying the Rietveld method, the structural characteristics of CPA and its derivatives were refined, and a model of populating the corresponding metal ions by crystallographic positions within a pyrochlore-type structure was proposed. Using a complex of physicochemical methods (thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analyses), the effect of hydration of CPA compounds with a pyrochlore type structure on transport properties was determined. It is shown that with an increase of substitution degree α in samples of CPA’s Ag+, H+-forms in conditions of alternating current the value of the specific conductivity decreases monotonically. An increase of silver ions content in the phases of Ag+, H+-forms leads to the change of proton-binding energy with the crystal lattice. In the condition of elevated temperature in hydrated CPA compounds, charge transfer is performed by silver ions. It was found that the electrical conductivity in the samples analyzed can also rise with a silver ions amount decrease (16d-positions are partially filled with Sb3+).
Azo-substituted ethoxyacridine – reagents for the extraction-photometric determination of indium(III)
Authors:   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Ismailov Namig I. , Osmanova Sevinj N. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Agamaliyeva Melek M. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Nasibova Aisha M. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

The associates of bromo-indate with azo-substituted ethoxyacridine have been studied by spectrophoto-metric method. It has been found that the associates are well extracted with a mixture of chloroform acetone (4:1). The optimum volume of aqueous and organic phase is equal to 5 ml. The molar ratio of the components in the extractable compounds was studied by the methods of isomolar series, equilibrium shift and a straight line. It was found that bromo-indate associated with azo-ethoxyacridines (AE) in a ratio of 1:1. Study of the effect of foreign ions on the accuracy of the determination of indium with azo-substituted ethoxyacridine showed that the number of ions does not interfere (in parentheses are multiple relationships to indium ions); CdII (1200), NH4+ (4000), Zn2+ (1500), CoII (1100), NiII (1050), CuII (500), FeII (4000), PbII (250), Nb (250), TaV (270), Al3+ (2000), ReVII (140), B3+ (410), C2O42- (1900), CH3COO- (1300), ascorbic acid (270), citrate ion (3500), tartrates (4000), EDTA (3700). Number of ions interfered the determination: TlIII (1), FeIII (1), Ga3+ (1), HgII (1), SbV (1), AuIII (1), thiourea (4). It was studied formation and extraction of associates of bromo-indate with AEADPA (2-ethoxy-6-(4-N,N-dipropylphenylazo)-9-aminoacridine) and AEADEA (2-ethoxy-6-(N,N-ethylphenylazo)-9-aminoacridine). The maxima of light absorption of bromo-indate with AEADPA is observed at 530 nm, and the AEADEA at 515 nm. The physico-chemical and analytical characteristics of the azo-substituted ethoxyacridines and their ionic associates with indium bromide acid complexes (λmax ε, βkD, D, R%) were determined. It was shown that bromo-indate compounds with azo-substituted ethoxyacridines are ionic associates, the molar ratios of the components in which are: [İn III] : [Br -] : R + = 1:4:1. Highly efficient extraction-photometric methods have been developed for the determination of trace amounts of indium in various objects.
Metabolism of phosphorus compoundsand taxonomic position of the Aspergillus niger AM1 mold
Authors:   Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies, Mindubaev Anton Z. , Badeeva Elena K. ,   Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov, Minzanova Salima T. ,   Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov, Mironova Lubov’ G. ,   Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov, Babynin Edward V. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Nizamov Ilias S. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Khayarov Khasan R. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Yaw Abayie Akosah ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: February 2021

White phosphorus is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. However, it is used in industry and for military purposes; therefore, it is impossible to overlook the fact that this substance is constantly released into the environment. In our works, cultures of microorganisms growing in media with a content of white phosphorus up to 1% were obtained for the first time. This exceeds the TLV in wastewater by 5000 times! These cultures are unique, and they are only in our possession. For the first time, cultures were grown in media containing white phosphorus as the sole source of phosphorus. In these environments, microorganisms grew without experiencing phosphorus starvation. That is, they oxidized white phosphorus to phosphate, which is necessary for vital activity! This is first ever example of the inclusion of white phosphorus in the biospheric circulation of the phosphorus element. It turned out that microorganisms that neutralize elemental phosphorus are able to biodegrade most of the spectrum of phosphorus compounds. Our studies of the metabolism of phosphorus-containing compounds of various classes confirm this. Since the chemistry of phosphorus is diverse, it is necessary to collect significant material on the metabolism of many classes of compounds. In this article, we describe the continuation of this work. It turned out that Aspergillus niger AM1 is able to utilize dithiophosphate of the simplest structure as sources of phosphorus, but is not able to utilize substituted dithiophosphonate. In addition, in the present work, we clarified the previously obtained results on the metabolism of phosphoric acid ester and phosphoramide.The NMR method demonstrated that A. niger AM1 slowly metabolizes hypophosphite resulting from the biodegradation of white phosphorus, but does not metabolize phosphite. The NMR data conforms to fungal growth dynamics with these substances in media. Also, was first studied phylogenetic relationship of A. niger AM1 with biodegradable A. niger and A. bombycis strains from the NCBI database.
The Effect of the Implementation of the Education on the Knowledge and Status of Dental Cleanliness in Elderly in Darul Imarah Aceh Besar District, Indonesia
Authors: Liana Intan , Nur Arnela , Arbi Anwar , Andriani Andriani , Mardelita Sisca , Zahara Elfi , Keumala Cut Ratna
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Oral health problems are ones that must be considered by the elderly. Dental and oral health in the elderly is essential and closely related to general health. Overcoming this problem needs necessary to optimize the elderly’s ability to maintain dental and oral hygiene by providing information and skills.
AIM: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of self-empowerment-based education packages on knowledge and oral hygiene of the elderly in the Darul Imarah district of Aceh Besar.
METHODS: This study’s design was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with control group design. This research is located in the village of Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar. A sample of 80 older adults who were divided into two groups. Each group numbered 40 people. The criteria for this sampling were inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable, and multivariate using paired samples test and independent t-test.
RESULTS: The results showed a difference in mean knowledge from post-test I to post-test II (P = 0.002). The results of the multivariate analysis of the knowledge, attitude, and behavior variables on the maintenance of dental and oral hygiene had a significant effect on the periodontal health status of pre-elderly (p = 0.001). The statistical test results showed that there was an effect of self-empowerment-based education on the knowledge of the elderly, p = 0.001. The results showed that there was no difference in knowledge in the control group in the post-test I and post-test 2 with a value of p = 0.72, and there was a difference in knowledge in the intervention group in the post-test I and post-test 2 with a value of p = 0.002. There were differences in dental and oral hygiene in the control group, and there were differences in dental and oral hygiene after being given the intervention with a value of p = 0.003.
CONCLUSION: There is a significant effect of providing a self-empowerment-based education package to the elderly on the level of knowledge and oral hygiene status of the elderly in Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar (p <0.05).
The Determinant Factors of Stunting Among Children in Urban Slums Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Huriah Titih , Handayani Putri , Sudyasih Tiwi , Susyanto Bambang Edi
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, health indicators in urban areas are better than in rural areas. It is related to the health services’ accessibility. However, in some regions, the stunting rate among children under five in urban areas is higher than in rural areas, including in Yogyakarta.
AIM: The research purpose was to analyze the determinant factor influencing the stunting incidence in children under five in urban slums areas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design employed a case control with a sample of mother and 29 children under five as a case group and 42 children under five as a control group in Yogyakarta District during the December–January 2020 period. The inclusion criteria were children aged 6–59 months living in the urban slum area, while the exclusion criteria were children who had physical and mental disabilities, suffering from illness or were hospitalized, and had congenital diseases. The data collection was conducted by questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Data analysis used central tendency, Chi-square, and logistic regression.
RESULTS: The results showed that the majority of children were girls in the case group and boys in the control group with a history of non-exclusive breastfeeding. Most respondents have mothers with low levels of education and work as housewives. The results of the correlation test showed that of the seven variables studied as a risk factor, there are two factors which were birth weight and mother occupation which were related with stunting in children under five with p = 0.041 and 0.047, respectively.
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that birth weight (AOR = 3.49) and mother’s occupation (AOR = 0.25) are the determinant cause of stunting in children under 5 years of age in urban slums areas. The pregnant women’s health promotion needs to be improved because it will affect birth weight, a risk factor for stunting in children under five.
Nurse’s Roles in Patient-Family Decision Making for Palliative Patients in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Madihah Binti , Huriah Titih , Arianti Arianti , Sarkasi Rosnani Binti
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: The limited palliative care services can affect the late in palliative care management, such as late in decision making. Decision making is one of the crucial processes that every patient with life-threatening health life-limiting illness needs to overcome. Nurses can be the third party between the patients and physicians in helping them with decision making.
AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the differences perspectives of palliative care decision making for palliative patients and families in Indonesia and Malaysia.
METHODOLOGY: The study design used qualitative method with the phenomenology approach. The sample size of this study was 12 participants from two different study settings. They were three palliative nurses and three physicians from each country, selected by purposive sampling. The study was carried out at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital and Tuanku Fauziah Hospital Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. Data collection used in-depth interview. The interpretative phenomenology analysis was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: There were differences in the perspectives of palliative care services in Indonesia and Malaysia based on the culture form each of the countries. Nurses played a supportive role in ensuring that the care delivered to the patients and families were effective and efficient. Lack of staff was one of the challenges for Indonesia and Malaysia palliative care services need to face.
CONCLUSION: Three themes emerged from the collected data; there were views on palliative care, nurses’ supportive roles, and limited resources. To encounter the challenges and difficulties that interrupt the care delivery to the patients, nurses need to improve knowledge about palliative and their skills.
Immunohistochemical and Histopathological Study of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase and Tyrosine-kinase Receptor Expression in Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Fawzy Ahmed , Allah Samira Mahmoud Abd , Salem Mostafa Mohammed , Al Farouk Lobna Omar
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common tumor type of primary lung cancer and is characterized by heterogeneity on the molecular, clinical, and pathological levels. The presence of an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion oncogene defines a molecular subset of non-small cell lung cancer with distinct clinical and pathologic features. Furthermore, the tyrosine-kinase receptor (C-kit) is considered to be expressed in various solid tumors, including carcinomas of the lung.
AIM: This study aims to correlate immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of ALK and C-kit with pathological features of lung carcinoma and to correlate IHC expression of ALK with IHC expression of C-kit in lung carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material of this study consists of paraffin blocks of 60 cases of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, IHC staining with ALK and C-kit then analysis of immunoreactivity scoring was done.
RESULTS: As regards ALK expression, 3 (5%) cases showed positive expression of ALK and 57 (95%) cases showed negative expression of ALK with no statistically significant correlation between the ALK expression and the histopathological type. While C-kit expression, 4 (6.7%) cases showed positive expression and 56 (93.3%) cases showed negative expression of C-kit with statistically significant correlation between the C-kit expression and the histopathological type.
CONCLUSION: There is an association between expression of c-kit and tumor histological type in lung carcinoma. Expression was notably significant among adenocarcinomas and small cell carcinomas.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids plus Vitamin E Cosupplementation versus Vitamin E in Fibrocystic Breast Patient with Mastalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ahmed Marwa Mostafa , Rushdy Eman Ahmed , Azm Dalia Ahmed Aboul , Sabry Rehab Mohamed , El Nahas Heba Galal
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Fibrocystic changes (FCCs) of the breast are a common breast condition. Mastalgia is the most common symptom of FCC; it usually causes fear of breast cancer and has negative effects on the quality of life.
AIM: The objective of the research was to establish the effect of cosupplementation of omega-3 plus Vitamin E on mastalgia in FCC patients, to evaluate its effect with that of Vitamin E only, and to determine the effect of omega-3 plus Vitamin E versus Vitamin E only on the radiological findings in FCC patients.
METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 FCC patients with mastalgia. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups: Omega-3 plus Vitamin E group, Vitamin E only group, and control group. The new breast pain chart was used to assess the severity of mastalgia in the three groups before, through, and after intervention. Radiological assessment was done before and after the intervention.
RESULTS: After 3 months of the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups regarding radiological results with p > 0.05 and, after the 3rd month of interventions, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the new pain score with p > 0.001. The median of the new pain score premenstrual was 4.8, 2, and 2.5 in control, omega-3 plus Vitamin E, and Vitamin E only, respectively, but this difference was insignificant between the last two groups (p < 0.996).
CONCLUSION: This study showed that Vitamin E and Vitamin E plus omega-3 were effective in relieving mastalgia in FCC patients. However, the addition of omega-3 was ineffective.
Zinc Status in Beta-Thalassemia Major
Authors: Hasan Khalaf Hussein , Aswad Hasan Abdulla , Sofijanova Aspazija
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Zinc is one of the most important minerals incorporated in the enzymes of the human body. Zinc may be deficient in patients with the β-thalassemia major with possible adverse outcomes.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the serum zinc status in β-thalassemia major patients in Duhok city.
PATIENTS, MATERIAL, AND METHODS: In this case–control study, 70 children with β-thalassemia major (2–12 years) of both genders were enrolled and were matched with 70 apparently healthy children for age and sex. A venous blood sample was obtained from each child for the measurement of serum zinc and serum ferritin levels at Jin Center in Duhok City between January 1 and June 30, 2017.
RESULTS: The mean serum zinc in the thalassemia patients (74.79 [±25.14] μg/dl) was significantly lower compared to the control group (93.61 [±15.12] μg/dl), (p = 0.0001). The serum zinc was not significantly different in thalassemia patients in terms of age, disease onset, gender, height, weight, body mass index, amount of blood transfusion, and type of chelation. There was a statistically significant correlation between serum zinc levels with a serum ferritin level of patients.
CONCLUSION: The study showed that thalassemia patients have significantly lower serum levels of zinc with no relation to medical factors.
Conservation of Kit Foxes in the Great Basin Desert: Review and Recommendations
Authors: Lonsinger Robert C. , Kluever Bryan M. , Hall Lucas K. , Larsen Randy T. , Gese Eric M. , Waits Lisette P. , Knight Robert N.
Published: February 2021

The kit fox Vulpes macrotis is a species of concern to land managers in the Great Basin Desert of North America. Once common, kit foxes have declined from historical levels. Research on kit foxes in western Utah has spanned nearly 70 y and has potential to inform management and conservation within the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion of the Great Basin Desert. We conducted a systematic literature review on the northern kit fox subspecies V. m. nevadensis. We focused on studies conducted in the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion, which represents the majority of the Great Basin Desert, and provided a comprehensive summary of their ecology and demographics for resource managers. To guide future monitoring, we also reviewed techniques used for kit fox monitoring and research, and evaluated the strengths, limitations, and advances of these techniques. We identified four key factors that deserve consideration when selecting monitoring techniques for kit foxes: estimable parameters, reliability, cost, and rate of data return. Finally, we identify four primary management recommendations. We recommend that managers (1) expand kit fox monitoring and population assessments more broadly across the Great Basin Desert. To ensure future monitoring meets the needs of resource managers, we recommend (2) the application of a structured decision-making process to identify key parameters and approaches. To better understand the factors limiting kit fox populations we recommend (3) population viability and parameter sensitivity analyses to identify drivers of population change. Finally, based on evidence that genetic diversity of kit fox populations has been maintained by undescribed patterns of gene flow, we recommend (4) a broad-scale assessment of population connectivity to identify corridors supporting metapopulation dynamics. These recommendations will facilitate proactive conservation of kit foxes and management practices to reduce future population declines.
A qui profitent les activités productives ? Analyse du cas de Cureghem
Authors: Orban Alexandre , Trenado Corentin Sanchez , Vanin Fabio
Published: February 2021

Avec le gain en popularité de l’image de la « ville productive », tant dans les milieux politiques qu’académiques bruxellois, la nécessité de maintenir – voire de redévelopper – les activités productives en ville fait de plus en plus consensus. Cependant, si les acteurs publics, au travers de leurs politiques en termes d’activités productives et d’aménagement de l’espace, favorisent le déploiement de nouvelles activités, ces transformations se font parfois au détriment des anciennes. Or toutes ces activités productives ne sont pas identiques, tant en ce qui concerne les facteurs de localisation que du point de vue de leurs répercussions sociales et économiques. Ce travail, issu de la collaboration entre deux projets de recherche, s’inscrit donc dans une démarche empirique comparative et qualitative visant à comprendre les réalités auxquelles correspondent ces différents types d’activités, anciennes et nouvelles, ainsi que les enjeux liés à leur maintien ou à leur développement.
Who benefits from productive activities? Analysis of the case of Cureghem
Authors: Orban Alexandre , Trenado Corentin Sanchez , Vanin Fabio
Published: February 2021

With the growing popularity of the image of the “productive city” both in political and academic circles in Brussels, the need to keep – or even redevelop – productive activities in the city is becoming more and more widely accepted. However, while public stakeholders favour the implementation of new activities through their policies regarding productive activities and spatial planning, these transformations sometimes take place to the detriment of existing activities. Yet these productive activities are not identical in terms of location factors and their social and economic impact. This work is the result of collaboration between two research projects, and is part of a comparative and qualitative empirical approach aimed at understanding the realities which these different types of old and new activities correspond to, as well as the issues related to their continued existence or development.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES ON THE SOILS OF RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT AROUND SELECTED OPERATIONAL SITES IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, OYO STATE
Authors: Ogar PA , Ejiogu CC , Uyo CN , Ukpe AE , Esomonu I , Nwobodo FU
Published: February 2021

The study examined the heavy metal components, physical and chemical parameters of soil samples around selected industrial establishments. This was to ascertain the level that industrial activities impacts on the soil quality with a view to providing a platform for rapid generation of data for environment related decision making and promoting compliance to environmental standards in Ibadan metropolis. Twelve composite soil samples to the depths of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-45 cm to represent top and subsoil were collected at each of the selected industrial locations using soil auger for soil physical and chemical properties determination. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean Pb values for 0-15, 15–30, 30-45 cm soil depths were 5.66± 0.55, 4.58±0.68, 4.52±1.35mg/kg; Cd values were 10.23± 0.60, 9.40 ± 1.33 and 10.55± 0.36mg/kg; Co values were 9.76± 1.00, 9.98 ± 2.57 and 13.58 ± 4.16mg/kg; Cr were 10.18 ± 2.40, 12.53 ±3.17 and 12.1 ± 3.75 and Ni were 11.17 ± 3.55, 12.24 ± 2.19 and 12.53 ± 2.34 mg/kg. For Macro nutrients, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mean values for BC was 33.50 ± 2.48, 29.3 ± 3.91, 26.6 ± 2.74 and 3.60 ± 0.16 and TN values were 3.60 ± 0.16, 3.40 ± 0.12, and 2.90 ± 0.28 respectively while AC had Total Organic Carbon mean values of 28.03 ± 0.65, 23.5 ± 2.01, 19.24 ± 1.43 and Total Nitrogen (TN) mean values 2.90 ± 0.07, 2.43 ± 0.21 and 1.99 ± 0.15 respectively. For Micro nutrient Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the mean values at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 soil depth for BC were 39.08 ± 9.57, 32.43 ± 11.93 and 18.78 ± 4.80 for Mn, mean values for Fe were 39.53 ± 15.58, 51.83 ± 14.62 and 34.33 ± 10.68, also mean values for Cu was 8.53 ± 0.32, 8.26± 0.29, 7.99 ± 0.06 and mean values for Zn were 9.01 ± 0.66, 6.62 ±0.21 and 4.42 ± 1.11 respectively. There was a decrease in value with depth which may be associated with downward movement of organic materials and nutrients. The study concluded that industrial activities are impacting on the soil quality with special reference to nutrient and heavy metal contents within and around industrial facilities.
Conceptual framework for teaching professional foreign language (Case of LSP for Law): for universities studying English
Authors: Uteubayeva Elmira
Published: February 2021

The monograph is intended for researchers and students of English for special purposes. The main goal of the monograph is to impart the theory of foreign language proficiency and the formation of language competence. The monograph provides a conceptual framework consisting of theoretical and methodological approaches aimed at the formation of the language and requirements for the methodology of teaching English for special purposes using the example of English for lawyers. The monograph consists of two parts, the first part critically examines the theory of learning, the second part analyzes the postgraduate study program and concludes with guidelines for teaching English for special purposes.
Role of Managerial Competencies and Risk-Taking Behavior in Financial Service Outreach of Microfinance Banks in Pakistan
Authors:   COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Taj Fozia
Published: February 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the managerial risk-taking, managerial competencies and financial service outreach of microfinance banks in Pakistan. Primary data was collected from 36 branches of microfinance banks (MFBs) in nine cities. The unit of investigation is the branch manager and senior credit officer of each MFB branch. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression, are used for data analysis. This study found a positive relationship between financial service outreach of MFBs and managerial competencies; financial service outreach also has a positive relationship with the risk-taking behavior of managers. There is a positive relationship between risk-taking behavior and financial service outreach of banks. The risk-taking behavior partially mediates the relationship between the managerial competencies and financial service outreach. The magnitude of the relationship between managerial competencies and outreach is significant, and its magnitude reduces when there is the mediation of managerial risk-taking behavior between them. Thus, managerial competencies, along with risk-taking behavior are the keys drivers of financial service outreach of MFBs. This study informs MFB’s top management and policymakers that competencies of managers and their calculated risk-taking propensities determined outreach performance of the MFBs.
Cultural Translation in Green Book
Authors: Li Binghui , Wang Shuyan
Published: February 2021

Cultural translation is a very hot topic among academic circle in China. Research on cultural translation has dramatically increased after 2006, and reached a peak in the recent five years. However, most studies are still confined to the linguistic level, starting from translation studies and focusing on the translation of culture embedded words. Thus, integrating cultural studies with translation in order to improve intercultural communication needs serious attention. After a brief summary of current cultural translation research in China, this article attempts to analyze the movie Green Book through five dimensions developed by Sara Maitland: interpretation, distanciation, incorporation, transformation, and emancipation. Through the translation of cultural phenomenon in the movie, this research shows that misunderstanding and conflicts are bound to happen among people from different races and classes. However, only when individuals attempt to understand each other culturally, better understanding can come up and better intercultural communication can be obtained.
DAĞLIK KARABAĞ SORUNU'NDA ULUSLARARASI ARABULUCULUK
Authors: ÖĞÜTÇÜ Büşra , YILMAZ Muzaffer Ercan
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışma, Dağlık Karabağ sorunu özelinde, bir çatışma çözüm stratejisi olarak uluslararası arabuluculuk ve söz konusu stratejinin etkinliği üzerine analitik bir tartışma ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Dağlık Karabağ olarak anılan bölge üzerine Ermenistan-Azerbaycan çatışması, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemin en ciddi ve kanlı sorunlarından biri olmuştur. Sorunun devam etmesi, bölgesel güvenliği etkilediği kadar, mevcut veya yapılması planlanan enerji nakil hatlarının güvenliğini de tehlikeye atmaktadır. Çatışmanın açık bir biçimde ortaya çıktığı 1990’ların başlarından beri sorunun çözümü üzerine çok sayıda uluslararası arabuluculuk girişimi gerçekleşmiş, ancak bu girişimler üzerine detaylı bir bilimsel çalışma yapılmamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, bu yöndeki boşluğu doldurmaya yönelik bir katkı ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Metodolojik açıdan tipik bir tek vaka analizi niteliğindeki çalışmada, ikincil verilerin yanı sıra, kartopu yöntemine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen röportajla elde edilen birincil verilere de yer verilmektedir. Çalışma, Dağlık Karabağ sorununun çözüm sürecinde başvurulan uluslararası arabuluculuğun etkinliği üzerine birtakım genel değerlendirmelerle son bulmaktadır.
Arrhenius-Type Relationship of Viscosity as a Function of Temperature for Mustard and Cotton Seed Oils
Authors: Ike E
Published: February 2021

The knowledge and estimate of transport behaviours of fluids are very influential in heat and mass flow. In this study, an equation correlating the Arrhenius energy (Ea), the pre-exponential factor (A), the Arrhenius temperature (T) and the Arrhenius activation temperature (T*) is applied so as to buttress the depth of discussion. The results obtained from the viscosity experiments of Mustard and Cotton seed oils at different temperature ranges offers very good results statistically. The Activation energy Ea, Entropic (pre-exponential) factor A, Arrhenius temperature TA and the Arrhenius activation temperature for the mustard oil were observed to be 374.37381 J/mole, 12.39260595 cP, -17.89797783 oC, 45.051 oC respectively while Activation energy Ea, Entropic (pre-exponential) factor A, Arrhenius temperature TA and the Arrhenius activation temperature for the cotton seed oil are respectively 451.90611 J/mole, 8.210386507 cP, - 25.8292961 oC, 54.381 oC. The coefficients of regressions (R2) for the graph of the natural log of viscosity versus reciprocal of temperature (Figures 2 and 4) for the mustard oil and cotton seed oil are 0.9996 and 0.9996 respectively. Since the correlation coefficient is the measure of how well a collection of data points can be modeled by a line, we can hence conclude that the natural log of the viscosity of both seed oil samples versus the inverse of their respective temperatures have a very good fit.
Capture-recapture Techniques in Estimating the HIV/Hepatitis Prevalence in Gboko, Benue State Nigeria
Authors: Iorhen TS , Jibasen D
Published: February 2021

Capture-Recapture technique is used to estimate the number of individuals in a population. This study aimed at estimating the number of HIV/Hepatitis co-infection individuals in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue state, in order to plan or create more awareness of HIV/Hepatitis and to take control measures and prevention. The data were sourced from three data sources namely; General Hospital Gboko, Myom Hospital Gboko and NKST Hospital Mkar. The records showed that, between year 2015-2018, 1,205 HIV/Hepatitis patients registered in Gboko Local Government Area, 662 (54.94%) were identified in General Hospital (GH), 357 (29.63%) in Myom Hospital (MH) and 186 (15.44%) in Nongo Kristu u ser u Sha Tar (NKST) Hospital. Matching the records revealed that, 62 HIV/Hepatitis co-infection individuals or patients were captured by the three data source all together; 31(50%) were captured in General Hospital and Myom Hospital, 15(24.19%) in General Hospital and NKST Hospital, 5(8.07%) in Myom and NKST Hospitals and 11(17.74%) in General Hospital, Myom and NKST Hospitals. The three (3) health facilities were treated as 3 source capture-recapture (C-R) data to estimate the population size of HIV/Hepatitis co-infection in the study Area. The data was analyzed using record linkage/matching and log-linear model techniques, also R statistical package software was used to run the data. The results show that, the model that best fit the data is model (4) with interaction GH+MH+NKST+NKST*GH+NKST*MH with the estimated HIV/Hepatitis co-infected patients at 7182 with a 95% confidence interval of, 5348-10128. The total coverage stood at 16% , this implies that only 16% of the HIV/Hepatitis infected persons are recorded in the study area. Thus expanded data collection and analysis is recommended.
A REVIEW ON HERBAL EXCIPIENTS
Authors: Arpita singh  , Nidhi Gupta  , Amresh Gupta
Published: February 2021

The Herbal or natural excipients have great merit over their synthetic analogs as these are non-toxic, low-cost, and freely obtainable. The performance of the excipients partly determines the quality of the medicines. The plant acquired gums, mucilage from the natural origin for example carrageenan, thaumatin, lard, storax, agar, gum acacia, tragacanth, and excipients.  They can also be easily altered to meet the specific needs, thereby being a potent many more to name comply with many requirements of the pharmaceutical and economic vehicle for transporting active pharmaceutical ingredients in the formulation. Thus present study aims to throw light on the probable of natural excipients which can be present to be used as a diluent, binder, disintegrant as well as lubricant in different types of formulations as they are biocompatible and capable of giving additional nutrition to the developed dosage form. This article gives an overview of natural excipients which are used in conventional dosage forms as well as novel drug delivery systems.
A Brief Review on Nanoparticles: Type of Platforms, Biological synthesis & Evaluation
Authors: AVINASH  , Arpita Singh  , Swarnima Pandey  , Mohd Aqil Siddiqui  , Nitish Kumar
Published: February 2021

Nanoparticles refers to as particulate dispersions or solid particles with a size in the range of 10-1000nm. The nanoparticles have been used to alter the physical approach and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of many type of drug molecules. They have significant advantages in conventional drug delivery in form of  high specificity, high stability, high drug carrying capacity, control release ability, possibility occurs  to different rout of administration and having a capability to deliver hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug molecules. This review focuses on type, preparation and evaluation of nanoparticles.
LIPOSOMES: TYPE, PREAPRATION AND EVALUATION
Authors: Manish Kumar  , Arpita Singh  , Swarnima Pandey  , Mohd. Aqil Siddiqui  , Nitish Kumar
Published: February 2021

In this article, we discussed about type, preparation and evaluation of liposomes. The term liposome means body of lipid and it basically consisting of one or more phospholipid bilayers. liposomes are a mostly useful in reproduction, reagent, and gear in various scientific regimentation, including mathematics and theoretical physics, chemistry, colloid science, biochemistry, biology etc. these are one amongst the various drug delivery system used to target the drug to particular tissue because liposomes structure similar to lipid bilayer and cell membrane.
A ROLE OF DENDRIMERS IN DRUG DELIVERY FOR CANCER THERAPY
Authors: KUMAR KRISHNA , ARPITA SINGH  , AMRESH GUPTA
Published: February 2021

In the history of nanotechnology, Dendrimers are rolling in as a highly tempting class of drug delivery system for cancer therapy. Dendrimers are the best and smart choice as Nanocarriers to deliver one or more therapeutic agents safely and selectively to cancer cells. Dendrimers that have remarkable properties including membrane interaction, monodispersity, well-defined size, shape and molecular weight, etc. Functional groups that are present in the Dendrimers exterior also permit other chemical moieties that can actively target certain diseases which are now widely used as tumor-targeting strategies. There are three ways by which drugs interact with dendrimers, (a) physical encapsulation, (b) electrostatic interactions, and (c) covalent conjugations. This review represents the advantages of Dendrimers over conventional chemotherapy, toxicity, and its management. The anti-cancer drugs are delivered by using Dendrimers and recent advances in drug delivery by different types of Dendrimers.
NIOSOMES: CLASSIFICATION, PREPARATION AND APPLICATION
Authors: Kamlesh Maurya  , Arpita Singh  , Swarnima Pandey  , Nitish Kumar  , Mohd. Aqil Siddhiqui
Published: February 2021

Vesicular medication delivery system, for instance, niosomes may be a novel medication delivery system, during which the answer is enclosed in vesicle which is formed by Non-ionic surfactant. Structurally, niosomes are almost like liposomes, therein they're also made from a bilayer. However, the bilayer within the case of niosomes is formed from non-ionic surface actives agents instead of phospholipids as seen just in case of liposomes. Niosomes tackled the difficulty of insolubility, instability, low bioavailability and fast debasement of medicines. The vesicular system of niosomes, with their bilayer structure assembled by nonionic surfactants, is in a position to reinforce the bioavailability of a drug to a predetermined area for a period. The both hydrophilic or lipophilic nature (amphiphilic nature) of niosomes increase their capacity in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs. Differents type additives, such as cholesterol, are often wont to maintain the rigidity of the niosomes structure. The basic aspects of niosomes, such as their structural components, methods of preparation, and current applications to various diseases.
PENGARUH ENGLISH SPEAKING ABILITY, HOSPITALITY, KONSEP BUDAYA DAN LOKASI HOTEL TERHADAP KEPUASAN TAMU DI SOLO PARAGON HOTEL
Authors: Mariani Melania Lulut , Suwasono Heru
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research is to learn the factors that are influencing the satisfaction of the guests who spend the days and spend the nights at Solo Paragon Hotel. Solo is one of the cities which has many visitors who spend their time for spending their holidays by enjoying culinary or having refreshing. Many people spend their time and the nights because they have to attend meetings or do their jobs.

             Satisfaction of the hotel guests is very important for the hotel management. It is considered as the achievement when the guests feel satisfied during their stay at that hotel. Satisfaction of the hotel guests is considered as the main key the hotel must provide as it will deterrmine the survival of the hotel. So, the hotel must always try to provide it.

            There are four factors that can influence the satisfaction of the hotel guests of Solo Paragon Hotel, they are : English Speaking ability, hospitality, the concept of culture and the location of the hotel. The guests get satisfaction during their stay and  the nights they spend at Solo Paragon Hotel because of the complete facilities, the nice hospitality, good service and  the strategic location of the hotel.

            The data are collected from the guests of Solo Paragon Hotel who spend the nights there by filling out the guest reiew and by having the interview. Then they are analyzed using qualitative and desctiptive methods. The result of the research showed that the English Speaking ability, hospitality, the concept of culture and the location of the hotel can influence the satisfaction of the guests of Solo Paragon Hotel.
Административно-правовое регулирование сферы туризма в Республики Узбекистан
Authors: Селиманова Светлана , Турсунова Cабина
Published: February 2021

В статье на основе изучения отечественных нормативно-правовых актов в сфере туризма, мнений зарубежных ученых проанализирована современная система законодательства Республики Узбекистан в сфере туризма. Осуществлена классификация основных направлений государственной политики Республики Узбекистан в сфере туризма в качестве которых определены, развитие туризма как стратегической отрасли экономики, обеспечение прав граждан на отдых, свободу передвижения, рациональность при использовании и сохранение туристских ресурсов,  совершенствование нормативно-правовой базы; создание необходимых условий для развития внутреннего туризма.

Особое внимание уделено необходимости правового регулирования вопросам организации социального туризма, привлечению инвестиций и создания благоприятных условий для инвестирования в сферу туризма, развития государственно-частного партнерства, создания равных возможностей на рынке туристских услуг для субъектов и др.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Ocular Trauma in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Gebril Mariam , Esehiyb Bahjah , Masoud Suliman
Published: February 2021

Background. COVID-19 is a new pandemic that spread over the world in 2020, for which most countries imposed rigorous lockdown to reduce its upsurge and thus its socioeconomics’ sever effects. Global measures include isolation, social distancing, lockdown any nonemergency facilities, local and international travelling restrictions. But these rules are implacable in case of trauma in general and more with ocular trauma, which represents a serious public health problem and leading cause of visual impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID -19 lock down on number of ocular traumas acquiring surgery. Methods. A retrospective study in Aljala trauma hospital in the period from 18 March to 18 April 2020 on patients who underwent surgical intervention for non-war eye trauma. Results. A total number of patients seen in emergency department were 350 patients in 2020 with four patients needed hospital admission and surgical intervention making a 1.14% of total number. While number of patients seen at the same time in 2019 were 965 patients and three patients needed surgical intervention (0.31%). There was no statistical difference in the amount of patient acquiring surgical intervention in the two periods with the P value of >0.05 Conclusion. Although total emergency eye visits decreased during the covid-19 lockdown period, similar incidence of surgery needed ocular trauma persisted.