bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screw Access Mark for Cemented Implant Crowns: A Universal Technique to Simplify Retrievability
Authors: Schoenbaum Todd R. , Chang Yi-Yuan , Stevenson Richard G.
Published: November 2017

The use of cemented implant prostheses for partially edentulous patients continues to increase in clinical practice. One of the primary complications of the cemented implant crown is difficulty in retrieval, should the need arise. Drilling through most prosthetic materials is of little difficulty for most clinicians, but the complication lies in determining where exactly the access hole needs to be drilled. During fabrication, the location of the screw access channel is marked with a strong contrasting color stain on the surface of the prosthesis. The technique proposed here marks the location of the screw access directly on the prosthesis, thus improving the ease and predictability of future retrieval.
The Arts Therapist in Public: The Dichotomy of Clinical and Performative Improvising
Authors: Haire Nicky , White Becky , Derrington Philippa
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a video of a performance at 'Concurrent♯2' in Edinburgh, 2017. it is followed by artist statements made in response to watching the piece. The authors' set in context the work and its development.
PERFORMANCE PRODUCTION OF STRAWBERRY IN ENVIRONMENT CULTIVATED WITH FIG TREE
Authors: MENDONÇA HELOISA FERRO CONSTÂNCIO , CALVETE EUNICE OLIVEIRA , COSTA ROSIANI CASTOLDI DA , NIENOW ALEXANDRE AUGUSTO
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The use of protected environment in horticulture has been increasingly used as it provides increased precocity and productivity, in addition to produce outside the normal growing season. Both woody species such as herbs are possible to cultivate in this environment. However fruit plants occupy large spaces with a short production period. The study aimed to test whether strawberry genotypes present different production peaks in cultivated environment with fig trees. The treatments consisted of strawberry cultivars Aromas, Albion, Camino Real, Camarosa and Ventana distributed in delineation of randomized blocks with four replications and with a population of 10 plants m-2. It was recorded precocity in cultivars Albion, Camarosa and Ventana, because they started flowering at 63 days after planting. Aromas and Camino Real were characterized as late. Aromas achieved greater total number of fruit, but with a lower percentage of commercial fruits in relation to the other cultivars. Peak production for all cultivars was found when there was an accumulation 2008 °C day -1, corresponding to the month of November. There were differences in performance production between strawberry cultivars conducted in the environment with fig tree, with different production peaks.
EVALUATION OF GAS EXCHANGES IN DIFFERENT Prunus SPP. ROOTSTOCKS UNDER DROUGHT AND FLOODING STRESS
Authors: KLUMB ELSA KUHN , RICKES LETICIA NEUTZLING , BRAGA EUGENIA JACIRA BOLACEL , BIANCHI VALMOR JOÃO
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The state of Rio Grande do Sul is the largest peach productor in Brazil; however, it still possesses poor yield values when compared with other states. One of the problems associated with this is the occurrence of soils with drainage problems, mainly in Pelotas region, which depending on the year period, may undergo water deficit or flooding situations in the great majority of the years, which harm the crop development and yield. Among the harmful effects caused by these stresses stand out, the decrease in the net assimilation rate, closure of stomata, reduction of the cell activities, production of reactive oxygen species, membrane and protein destabilization. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate in what magnitude of the gaseous exchange parameters of Prunus spp. rootstocks are influenced under drought and flood stress. In the experiment, gas exchange parameters net photosynthetic rate (A) stomata conductance (gs), intercellular carbon (Ci) and transpiration (E)] were evaluated in three Prunus spp. rootstocks (peach tree ‘Capdeboscq’ and plum trees ‘Julior’ and ‘Marianna 2624’) under three water conditions (control, water deficit and soil flooding) for seven days. The three rootstocks proved more susceptible to flooding than to water deficit, only varying in response time, which is intrinsic to each genotype, and that there is a genetic variability for the tolerance to the studied stresses. The variation on physiological response to the water deficit stress was later in both evaluated genotypes. However, in general, ‘Julior’ presented greater tolerance to both stresses when compared to the other rootstocks evaluated. Such information is useful to help in the choice of rootstocks for plant production, in the orchard management and for plant breeding programs, aiming at the selection of new genotypes with increased tolerance to these water stresses.
EARLY SPRING APPLICATION OF AMINOETHOXYVINILGLYCINE (AVG) INCREASES FRUIT SET AND YIELD OF ‘ROCHA’ PEARS
Authors: PASA MATEUS DA SILVEIRA , CARRA BRUNO , SILVA CARINA PEREIRA DA , CIOTTA MARLISE NARA , BRIGHENTI ALBERTO FONTANELLA , PEREIRA ADÍLSON JOSÉ
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The low fruit set is one of the main factors leading to poor yield of pear orchards in Brazil. Ethylene is associated with abscission of flowers and fruitlets. Then, the application of ethylene synthesis inhibitors, such as AVG, is a potential tool to increase fruit set of pears. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of AVG, sprayed at different rates and timings, on fruit set, yield and fruit quality of ‘Rocha’ pear. The study was performed in a commercial orchard located in the municipality of São Joaquim, SC, during the growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of ‘Rocha’ pear trees grafted on quince rootstock ‘BA29’. AVG was tested at different rates (60 mg L-1 and 80 mg L-1) and timings [full bloom, one week after full bloom (WAFB), and two WAFB), either alone or in combination. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with at least five single-tree replications. The fruit set, number of fruit per tree, yield, estimated yield, fruit weight, return bloom, and fruit quality attributes were assessed. Fruit set and yield were consistently increased by single applications of AVG at 60 and 80 mg L-1 at both one and two weeks after full bloom, without negatively affecting fruit quality attributes and return bloom.
The diagnostic challenge of dizziness: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno Niemeyer de Freitas , Correia Rafael Santos , Antunes Lívia de Oliveira , Salata Tiago Medina , Rosas Heraldo Belmont , Marchiori Edson
Published: November 2017

Abstract Dizziness is a prevalent symptom in the general population, accounting for a considerable share of physician office visits, and most causes are clinically treatable. It is also a common indication for neuroimaging studies, in order to identify a specific etiology and exclude surgical causes. Here, we illustrate the main peripheral and central causes of dizziness, discussing their possible differential diagnoses, as well as their most important image aspects.
Proton spectroscopy of the thalamus in a homogeneous sample of patients with easy-to-control juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Leite Claudia da Costa , Valente Kette Dualibi Ramos , Fiore Lia Arno , Otaduy Maria Concepción García
Published: November 2017

Abstract Objective: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a subtype of genetically determined generalized epilepsy that does not present abnormalities on conventional magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this study was to identify metabolic alterations in the thalamus in a clinically homogeneous sample of patients with easy-to-control JME, using short-echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Materials and Methods: We performed single-voxel (2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm), short-echo time (TE = 35 ms) proton MRS of the thalamus in 21 patients with JME and in 14 healthy age-matched controls. We quantified N-acetylaspartate (NAA), total NAA, creatine (Cr), choline, and myo-inositol (MI), as well as the sum of glutamate and glutamine signals, all scaled to internal water content, and we calculated metabolite ratios using Cr as a reference. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The MI level and the MI/Cr ratio were significantly lower in the thalami of patients diagnosed with JME than in those of the controls. Other metabolites and their ratios did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: In our sample of 21 JME patients, we identified lower levels of MI in the thalamus. No significant abnormalities were observed in the concentrations or ratios of other metabolites.
Uso e cobertura do solo e prevalência de leishmaniose visceral canina em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil: uma abordagem utilizando sensoriamento remoto orbital
Authors: Figueiredo Anna Barreto Fernandes , Werneck Guilherme Loureiro , Cruz Maria do Socorro Pires e , Silva João Pereira da , Almeida Andréa Sobral de
Published: November 2017

Resumo: Este estudo examina a associação entre uso e cobertura do solo e a ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral (LV) canina. Estudo caso-controle em que casos foram residências com cães soropositivos para LV canina e controles, as residências com cães soronegativos. Utilizaram-se imagens de sensoriamento remoto (CBERS: 2/CCD e 2B/HRC) para descrever o uso e cobertura do solo em quadrículas de 625m2 na região do estudo. A chance da LV canina foi duas vezes maior em domicílios localizados em quadrículas com área ≤ 25m2 coberta por estruturas residenciais com pouca vegetação em comparação com aquelas em que essa cobertura alcançou ≥ 600m2. Domicílios localizados em quadrículas com até metade da área coberta por estruturas residenciais com muita vegetação tiveram chances 65% menores de LV canina em comparação com aquelas situadas em áreas quase totalmente cobertas por essa característica. Como a infecção canina costuma preceder a ocorrência de casos humanos, a identificação de características de uso e cobertura do solo associadas à LV canina pode contribuir para a delimitação de áreas de risco para LV humana.
Processo de envelhecimento e trabalho: estudo de caso no setor de engenharia de manutenção de um hospital público do Município de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Sato Andrea Toshye , Barros Juliana de Oliveira , Jardim Tatiana de Andrade , Ratier Ana Paula Pelegrini , Lancman Selma
Published: November 2017

Resumo: Objetivou-se conhecer e analisar as relações entre processo de envelhecimento e trabalho. Trata-se de estudo de caso desenvolvido em um setor de engenharia de manutenção de um hospital de alta complexidade do Município de São Paulo, Brasil. Entre os meses de setembro e outubro de 2015, foram realizadas 16 entrevistas semiestruturadas com chefias e demais trabalhadores com idade mínima de 50 anos. Os dados foram analisados com base na análise temática de conteúdo. Constatou-se que, embora os trabalhadores encontrem dificuldades decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento, elas não inviabilizaram a realização das atividades de trabalho, pois desenvolveram estratégias para compensar as perdas e/ou declínios funcionais por meio de seu saber-fazer. Contudo, sentem-se limitados e desmotivados devido às más condições de trabalho oferecidas, terceirização do setor e à atual organização do trabalho. Assim, considerou-se que as condições e organização do trabalho têm, no setor estudado, mais repercussões no cotidiano de trabalho dos entrevistados do que os impactos decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento.
Measurement of Commodity Price Risk: an overview of Brazilian agricultural markets
Authors: Capitani Daniel Henrique Dario , Mattos Fabio
Published: November 2017

Abstract: This study explores different procedures to estimate price risk in commodity markets. Focusing on Brazilian agricultural markets, the paper proposes to assess both dispersion and downside risk measures using five different approaches (volatility, coefficient of variation, lower partial moments, value at risk and conditional value at risk). Results suggest that some commodities have large price variability but small downside risk, while other commodities show small price variability and large downside risk. Thus, there is no single answer to the question of which commodity exhibits more price risk, but rather distinct answers depending on how risk is perceived by different individuals. These findings are relevant for agents in the agricultural industry as they affect marketing and risk management decisions and for policy makers involved in support programs to agriculture.
Impacto da Implantação do Custo do Pedágio na BR-163 em Relação ao Transporte de Soja do Estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Torres Osmar , Fagundes Mayra Batista Bitencourt , Figueiredo Adriano Marcos Rodrigues , Tredezini Cicero Antonio de Oliveira
Published: November 2017

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo a análise da concessão da rodovia BR-163, considerando as possíveis implicações sobre a competitividade no transporte da soja do estado de Mato Grosso. Esta proposição se justifica, sobretudo, porque o pedágio, a priori, representa custo ao transporte rodoviário, qualquer gasto acrescido a ela poderá comprometer a margem de lucro. Esta pesquisa foi subsidiada por revisão bibliográfica e documental, utilizando de pesquisa do tipo descritiva. Buscou-se identificar os principais componentes do custo do transporte rodoviário e o impacto da rodovia concedida na competitividade do setor. Assim, foi feita uma análise comparativa do custo do transporte de soja em rodovias pagas (concedidas) e as economias com custos que são inerentes a esta modalidade de transporte, decorrente da ótima condição da pavimentação asfáltica. Para perpetrar essa verificação e contrapor os custos com pedágio, foram elencadas três variáveis, são elas: (i) a economia com o combustível, (ii) a economia com o custo operacional dos caminhões e (iii) a economia que se faz em menor perdas de grãos de soja. O resultado encontrado após a quantificação das variáveis econômicas apontou impacto positivo, com benefícios econômicos para o estado de Mato Grosso.
TEMPO SENTADO, IMAGEM CORPORAL E QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM MULHERES APÓS A CIRURGIA DO CÂNCER DE MAMA
Authors: Boing Leonessa , Araujo Camila da Cruz Ramos de , Pereira Gustavo Soares , Moratelli Jéssica , Benneti Magnus , Borgatto Adriano Ferreti , Bergmann Anke , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Introdução: A cirurgia é uma das modalidades de tratamento do câncer de mama e pode ser conservadora ou radical. Esse tipo de tratamento pode trazer alterações físicas e psicológicas para a vida das pacientes. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da cirurgia radical e conservadora sobre o tempo sentado, a imagem corporal e a qualidade de vida de mulheres após diagnóstico do câncer de mama. Métodos: Participaram 172 mulheres que foram submetidas à cirurgia radical ou conservadora do câncer de mama. Aplicou-se um questionário contemplando características pessoais, medidas antropométricas, nível econômico (IBGE), características da doença, tempo sentado (IPAQ - versão curta), imagem corporal (BIBCQ) e qualidade de vida (EORTC QLQ-C30 + QLQ BR - 23). Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste do Qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher e o teste t de Student para amostras independentes e o teste U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: As mulheres que foram submetidas à cirurgia radical apresentaram maior tempo sentado nos finais de semana, mais relatos de linfedema, piores escores de qualidade de vida (função física, dor, escala funcional, imagem corporal e sintomas no braço) e pior imagem corporal (vulnerabilidade, estigma, limitações, transparência e preocupações com o braço). Conclusão: O tipo de cirurgia pode influenciar o tempo sentado e aspectos da imagem corporal e da qualidade de vida, com piores escores para as mulheres submetidas à cirurgia radical.
Personal, particular y político: la producción del bien público en la práctica política cotidiana
Authors: de Rozas Victoria Ortiz
Published: November 2017

Resumo El objetivo del artículo es estudiar, a través de la actividad de quienes ocupan cargos políticos, las prácticas concretas que intervienen en la producción del “bien público”, entendido como la distribución de los bienes públicos hacia los ciudadanos. El interés surge de la tensión entre el comportamiento ideal de los políticos –según reglas universales y públicamente orientadas- y una práctica concreta que implica tener en cuenta problemáticas de ciudadanos y grupos sociales determinados, así como los propios intereses políticos. Se cuestiona la relación entre impersonalidad e interés público, planteando que la distribución personalizada de los bienes públicos no supone necesariamente su apropiación privada. Se presenta el estudio empírico de la actividad cotidiana de diferentes políticos con distintos cargos electivos, pertenecientes al partido gobernante, en la provincia de Santiago del Estero, cuyo régimen político ha sido caracterizado por la importancia de las relaciones personales y la politización de la burocracia. Siguiendo una estrategia metodológica cualitativa- que recurre a las técnicas de las entrevistas en profundidad y a la observación no participante; se reconstruye su actividad política cotidiana y las nociones de los políticos sobre sus propias prácticas; prestando atención a las formas de vinculación con los ciudadanos y con otros políticos y funcionarios. El artículo muestra que las tareas de los políticos provinciales, involucran el contacto personalizado tanto con los ciudadanos, como con funcionarios de distintos niveles de la administración pública, que les permiten viabilizar la distribución de bienes públicos hacia sus representados; actividades principalmente de carácter informal. Se muestra que, aunque los objetos de sus acciones sean ciudadanos y grupos territoriales determinados –lejos de la ciudadanía concebida en forma abstracta-, ello no es necesariamente antagónico con la promoción del bien público. A su vez, los dirigentes pueden obtener un beneficio político personal, diferente de su interés “privado”, ya que necesariamente supone favorecer otros ciudadanos o grupos de ciudadanos. De este modo, el artículo logra poner en cuestión la relación canónica entre impersonalidad e interés público presente en la literatura académica, puntualizando la distinción entre personalización y privatización de lo público y planteando incluso la complementariedad entre las prácticas particularistas y la universalidad que se espera de los representantes políticos.
Magnitude eleitoral e representação de mulheres nos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Meireles Fernando , Rubim Andrade Luciana Vieira
Published: November 2017

Resumo É argumento corrente na literatura sobre representação política de mulheres que sistemas mais proporcionais aumentam as chances de mulheres serem eleitas. O objetivo deste artigo é testar esta hipótese usando dados dos municípios brasileiros. Explorando uma regra estabelecida pelo Tribunal Superior Eleitoral em 2004 e 2008, que fixou o número de vereadores de cada município de acordo com o número de habitantes, utilizamos regressão descontínua (RD) para estimar o efeito causal de uma cadeira a mais na representação política de mulheres nas câmaras municipais. Nossos resultados mostram que este efeito é substantivo: onde havia uma cadeira adicional, quase 40% mais mulheres foram eleitas, e a probabilidade de um município eleger ao menos uma mulher aumentou em cerca de 20 pontos percentuais. Por outro lado, a explicação deste fenômeno contraria as hipóteses da literatura: especificamente, mostramos que uma cadeira a mais aumentou apenas o número de candidatos homens concorrendo, o que fragmentou suas votações e os deixou com desempenhos eleitorais piores. Deste modo, mesmo não tendo suas votações afetadas pelo número de cadeiras, mais mulheres acabaram eleitas.
The Cressey hypothesis (1953) and an investigation into the occurrence of corporate fraud: an empirical analysis conducted in Brazilian banking institutions
Authors: Machado Michele Rílany Rodrigues , Gartner Ivan Ricardo
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT This article fills a technical-scientific gap that currently exists in the Brazilian literature on corporative fraud, by combining the theoretical framework of agency theory, of criminology, and of the economics of crime. In addition, it focuses on a sector that is usually excluded from analyses due to its specific characteristics and shows the application of multinomial logit panel data regression with random effects, which is rarely used in studies in the area of accounting. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of corporative fraud, as well as cases of fraud in Brazilian banking institutions, by using detection variables related to the Cressey fraud triangle. Research into fraud and methods of detecting fraud has grown in management literature, especially after the occurrence of various corporative scandals in the 1990s. Although regulatory agencies have increased their investments in monitoring and control, fraud investigations and convictions are still common in the day-to-day administration of banks, as can be seen in the Brazilian Central Bank and the National Financial System Resource Council’s databases of punitive proceedings. We believe that this article will have a positive impact in the area of accounting sciences, since it involves corporative fraud in a multidisciplinary form and because it provides the incentive to use a quantitative tool that can help increase the development of similar studies in the area. This study tested the theory that the dimensions of the fraud triangle condition the occurrence of corporative fraud in Brazilian banking institutions. Thirty-two representative variables of corporative fraud were identified in the theoretical-empirical review, which were reduced to seven latent variables by the principal component analysis. Finally, the seven factors formed the independent variables in the multinomial logit models used in the hypothesis tests, which presented promising results.
Ampliação da Jornada Escolar e o Terceiro Setor: a atuação do CENPEC
Authors: Costa Regis Eduardo Coelho Argüelles da
Published: November 2017

Resumo: O artigo analisa a elaboração e a divulgação de propostas para a ampliação da jornada escolar pelo Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação, Cultura e Ação Comunitária (CENPEC), de 1993 a 2006. Buscamos nos apropriar das proposições e das estratégias de convencimento utilizadas junto às sociedades civil e política, a partir de diversos documentos assinados pela ONG e seus intelectuais. A seguir, avaliamos a assimilação desse conjunto de proposições pelo Programa Mais Educação, política de ampliação de jornada do governo federal, de 2007.
EL ROL DEL CONSEJO DE ADMINISTRACIÓN EN LA ÉTICA EMPRESARIAL EN PAÍSES DE LATINOAMÉRICA
Authors: HARO-DE-ROSARIO ARTURO , GÁLVEZ-RODRÍGUEZ MARÍA DEL MAR , SÁEZ-MARTÍN ALEJANDRO , CABA-PÉREZ CARMEN
Published: November 2017

RESUMEN El presente trabajo analiza los valores éticos fomentados en los códigos de ética en las empresas latinoamericanas, e identifica la influencia de la composición del Consejo de Administración (CA). En particular, la presencia de diversidad de género, consejeros independientes y extranjeros en el CA. El estudio, realizado sobre las 100 empresas cotizadas más grandes de Latinoamérica, muestra que las empresas estudiadas elaboran códigos de conducta con valores éticos que mejoran las relaciones con sus stakeholders. No obstante, prevalece el establecimiento de valores que protegen a la organización del empleado y la imposición de sanciones. Por otro lado, la regresión efectuada indica que la presencia de mujeres y consejeros independientes en el CA afecta de manera significativa y positiva al contenido de los códigos de ética, mientras que la presencia de consejeros extranjeros incide negativamente. Los hallazgos de esta investigación permiten avanzar en la escasa literatura existente sobre la ética empresarial en el contexto latinoamericano.
ACORDO SETORIAL DE EMBALAGEM: AVALIAÇÃO À LUZ DA RESPONSABILIDADE ESTENDIDA DO PRODUTOR
Authors: DEMAJOROVIC JACQUES , MASSOTE BRUNO
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir os impactos do acordo setorial de embalagens na cadeia de reciclagem brasileira e no design de embalagens à luz dos princípios da Responsabilidade Estendida do Produtor (RPE). A metodologia empregou análise documental e entrevistas em profundidade com múltiplos stakeholders, incluindo representantes dos setores público, privado e cooperativas de catadores. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para avaliação e interpretação dos dados coletados. As conclusões apontam para uma expansão da coleta de recicláveis, com potenciais benefícios para geração de renda em cooperativas, porém com nenhum impacto no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos e embalagens mais sustentáveis de maneira efetiva. A ausência de metas individuais possibilita que as empresas cumpram a legislação a custos bastante reduzidos. A proposta apresentada, ao tratar embalagens de características diferentes de maneira uniforme, somada ao paradigma de desenvolvimento de embalagens que privilegia a competitividade em detrimento da reciclabilidade, compromete os resultados prometidos pelo acordo setorial.
Atlas of marine bony fish otoliths of Southeastern-Southern Brazil Part VIII: Siluriformes (Ariidae) and Pleuronectiformes (Achiridae, Paralichthyidae, Cynoglossidae)
Authors: Santificetur Cesar , Giaretta Marcella Bockis , Conversani Valéria Regina Martins , Brenha-Nunes Marina Rito , Siliprandi Carolina Correia , Rossi-Wongtschowski Carmen Lucia Del Bianco
Published: November 2017

Abstract To complement the series of manuscripts published as "Atlas of Teleostei Otoliths of the Southeastern-Southern Brazil", in this volume we present results for species of Siluriformes (two species) and Pleuronectiformes (thirteen species) orders. Considering that the sagittae of Siluriformes are very small we analyzed the left lapillus. Due to the asymmetry of the Pleuronectiformes otoliths, were analysed both left and right structures, being the circumsulcal depression the most important feature to diagnose these species.
Protein secretion efficiency of construct in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with fluorescent protein v1
Authors: Vitor Molino João
Published: November 2017

This protocol describe how to asess secretion efficiency of diferrent constructs in Chalmydomonas reinhardtii, using a fluorescent protein. Colonies are picked from transformation plate and inoculated on TAP media for growth. A high number of colonies is picked to avoid bias on colonie picking.
Western blotting in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii v1
Authors: Vitor Molino João
Published: November 2017

This protocols describe the steps to perform a western blot in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell lysate and supernatant samples.
“No” — A Case Study in Corrective Feedback in a Secondary Chinese Language Classroom in Australia
Authors: Li Xinxin , Huang Hui
Published: November 2017

Corrective feedback has been studied for decades in classrooms both for children and adults. Among different subjects, language learning, especially second language (L2) learning is one of the significant targets of corrective feedback studies. Compared to English and other European languages, however, Chinese as L2 classroom has get little attention. This paper investigates what types of corrective feedback (CF) a teacher of Chinese working at a secondary school in Melbourne provided to what kinds of errors made by students, and the effectiveness of each CF type. The data was obtained from 2 random lessons and the parts involving CF were transcribed to further analyze. The results suggest that Chinese beginners made more mistakes in pronunciation and vocabulary than in grammar, however, the teacher provided feedback to all of the lexical and grammatical errors, ignoring nearly half of the phonological mistakes. In addition, the overall effectiveness of CF was not satisfactory, especially for elicitations and recasts, which were used the most commonly by the teacher. Some pedagogical implications for Chinese teaching and Chinese teacher training are also provided.
A Major Difference between the Formation of English Words and the Formation of Chinese Words in Modern Times
Authors: Li Bianye
Published: November 2017

The English language is a language of “fertility” due to its continuous formation of new words in modern times. However, the Chinese language is “infertile” because it has basically stopped creating totally new words. The general trend in the development of a Chinese character in the Chinese history has been moving from complexity to simplicity. As a result, it leads to the "infertility" of the Chinese language and makes it difficult to combine a limited number of different strokes within a limited space known as方块字Fāngkuàizì ‘Square Block Word’. What is a totally new word in English is simply a combination of used words in Chinese. The Chinese language's capability of saving horizontal and linear space makes this combination feasible to express a new meaning. Three types of constraint arising from limited type and number of Strokes, General Trend toward Simplicity and Square-Framed Space have made their concurrent contribution to the "infertility" of the Chinese word formation. The preference of the Chinese language for new combinations of used words over the creation of total new Chinese words in modern times constitutes a major difference between the formation of English words and the formation of Chinese words in modern times.
English Benchmark Policy for Graduation in Taiwan’s Higher Education: Investigation and Reflection
Authors: Chu Hsiu-yu , Yeh Hsi-nan
Published: November 2017

Encouraged by the Ministry of Education (MOE), an increasing number of universities and colleges in Taiwan have started to set their own English benchmarks for graduation using external standardized language tests as exit exams. The present study investigated and reflected on the implementation of this policy at two technological universities in Taiwan by answering two research questions: (1) How did college administrators, teachers and students perceive the policy? (2) What washback effects did the English graduation benchmark policy bring about? A mixed-methods approach was adopted for the study. The results show that although there was a social consensus about the implementation of the policy, the policy did not seem to have achieved what the MOE had expected due to its limited and weak washback on teaching and learning. It is suggested that the English graduation requirements might have to be modified in the subsequent policies for more meaningful and practical results.
Intelligibility of Thai English Restaurant Menus as Perceived by Thai and Non-Thai Speakers
Authors: Duangsaeng Warangrut , Chanyoo Natthapong
Published: November 2017

This study was conducted with the aims to measure intelligibility of English menus used in Thai restaurants as perceived by Thai and non-Thai speakers and to explore the most salient unintelligible features found on the menus as identified by native Thai speakers. Ninety-six participants agreed to complete an online survey. They were asked to rate their intelligibility level and identify the sources of confusing features found on Thai English menus. Independent t-test and simple descriptive statistics such as mean score, percentage and standard deviation were utilized for data analysis. The results suggest that there is the distinction between intelligibility of restaurant menus rated by Thai and non-Thai speakers. Translation is likely to be the most frequent rated as a source of unintelligible features. The data presented here leads to the conclusion that Thais seems to be harsher in rating intelligibility level. Further implications have also been discussed in this study.
ESP in a Saudi Context: Where Does It Stand?
Authors: Al-Roomy Muhammad
Published: November 2017

English for specific purposes (ESP) gains more status in Saudi Arabia due to the continuing and sustainable growth in the development of various fields for academic and professional purposes. Using English as a means of communication in teaching and learning is one of them. The aim of this study is to critically review the previous research carried out in a Saudi context in the area of teaching and practicing English at specific schools, universities, and colleges for specific or special purposes (ESP) in the last ten years, in order to identify the current developments and to suggest new research directions. The investigation of the research body is based on an examination of the researched topics, with reference to the three research components, i.e., research approaches, research designs, and research methods (Creswell 2014). The results revealed that many research topics were examined, such as students’ attitudes and motivation to learn, needs analysis, program or course development, and the evaluation and teaching of language skills. However, it was unclear how researchers, who were all ESP teachers, related their findings to the ESP context in terms of students’ specific needs. It also showed that the majority of studies carried out were quantitative in nature, and thus, led themselves to utilizing mainly a questionnaire as a research tool. The study concluded with some recommendations and pedagogical implications, which hopefully, will reverberate with other studies for further research.
The Effect of Using Approximation and Appealing for Help Techniques on Learning Speaking Skill among Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
Authors: NamazianDoost Islam , Hashemifardnya Asadallah , Panahi Nasrin
Published: November 2017

This study examined the effects of using approximation and appealing for the help techniques on learning speaking skill among Iranian intermediate EFL learners. First sixteen participants out of 120 were chosen for the target population. The participants were then randomly assigned to three equal groups- two experimental groups and one control group. The groups were pretested by a speaking pre-test. Regarding the treatment, the experimental groups were taught by using the communicative approach techniques including approximation and appealing for the help. One experimental group received instruction on how to appeal for the help if their competence cannot come up with the exact word. The other experimental group received instruction on how to compensate failure in conversation by using approximate words. For example, in case of forgetting the exact word they used an approximate word or phrase like using "boat" instead of "ship" or "pipe" for "water pipe". However, the participants in the control group received traditional activities in learning speaking such as question and answer, topic discussion, dialogs and role playing. The treatment took 10 sessions of 45 minutes each under the guidance of the supervisor. Then, the control group and the experimental groups took the post-test of pet. After collecting the data, they were analyzed through using One-way Anova and Post-hoc Scheffe Test- Multiple Comparisons. The findings showed that both experimental groups outperformed than the control group. The results showed that those students who received appealing for the help treatment were better than approximation group and control group.
Respostas fisiológicas e adaptabilidade de vacas ¾ holandês x zebu ao clima do semiárido
Authors: Moreira S. J. M. , Carvalho C. C. S. , Santos L. V. , Ruas J. R. M. , Andrade Júnior I. O. , Aiura A. L. O. , Gonçalves G. A. M.
Published: November 2017

A região Norte de Minas possui a produção de leite limitada, principalmente em função da seca, no entanto, esta é a base econômica da agricultura familiar que sustenta a região. Assim, realizou-se um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do ambiente térmico sobre as respostas fisiológicas de vacas ¾ Holandês-Zebu, na região do semiárido mineiro a fim de se verificar a adaptabilidade destes animais. O experimento foi conduzido no verão e inverno, na fazenda Bela Vista localizada no município de Verdelândia (MG), onde foram avaliadas 10 vacas ¾ Holandês x Zebu (HxZ), em cada época. O ambiente térmico foi caracterizado por meio de medições diárias da temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, índice de temperatura de globo e umidade e carga térmica radiante. Os parâmetros fisiológicos: frequência respiratória e cardíaca, temperatura de superfície corporal e temperatura retal, espessura, cor e densidade do pelame, e comprimento dos pelos foram mensurados antes da ordenha matutina, em função das estações do ano, diariamente, durante 15 dias. As variáveis e índices climáticos foram superiores no verão e no período da tarde. A frequência respiratória e a espessura do pelame não diferiram estatisticamente, no entanto as demais variáveis foram superiores no verão. As variáveis climáticas induziram diferenças nos parâmetros fisiológicos, mas foram assimiladas pelos animais, o que permite concluir que as vacas ¾ HxZ adaptam-se ao clima do semiárido mineiro sem manifestarem situação de estresse térmico.
Caracterização química da silagem de rama de cultivares de mandioca com ou sem pré-secagem
Authors: Fluck A. C. , Parzianello R. R. , Maeda E. M. , Piran Filho F. A. , Costa O. A. D. , Simionatto M.
Published: November 2017

O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade de conservação e nutricional da silagem de rama de mandioca das cultivares Pão e IAC 7650 e a influência da pré-secagem. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: SPSD - silagem de rama de mandioca cv. Pão; SPD - silagem de rama de mandioca cv. Pão desidratada; SISD - silagem de rama de mandioca cv. IAC 7650 e SID - silagem de rama de mandioca cv. IAC 7650 desidratada. O delineamento foi interamente casualisado, com ou sem desidratação e quatro repetições. Na avaliação da conservação da silagem foi avaliado o pH e

capacidade tampão, e na determinação da qualidade nutricional foram estimados os teores de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, matéria mineral, proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Ambas as cultivares apresentaram características para a utilização da rama como silagem após a secagem prévia. Na avaliação da rama de mandioca, os maiores teores de matéria parcialmente seca (MPS) e matéria seca total (MST) foram encontrados

para a cultivar IAC 7650, após o tempo de secagem, e não foi observada diferença significativa (P
Seleção e características produtivas de borregas corriedale notipicamente resistentes a nematoides gastrointestinais
Authors: Amarilho-Silveira F. , Motta J. F. , Dionello N. J. L.
Published: November 2017

A busca por ovinos resistentes à ação dos nematoides é uma tendência dentro dos sistemas produtivos, porém deve-se levar em consideração a produtividade, pois de nada vale a seleção de animais resistentes à ação parasitária, se não atingirem os parâmetros produtivos que o mercado exige. Assim, o trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de quantificar as características produtivas, relacionando-as à resistência fenotípica a nematoides gastrointestinais. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Herval, RS, de janeiro a agosto do ano de 2014. Foram utilizadas 30 borregas da raça Corriedale, monitoradas mensalmente do desmame (cinco meses) até aos 12 meses de idade, e realizadas as avaliações produtivas. Após término das avaliações foram formados três grupos, a saber: com resistência precoce (RP), com resistência tardia (RT) e não resistentes (RN). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa para nenhuma das características produtivas. Assim, pode-se sugerir que a seleção de animais com traços de resistência não causaria prejuízo à produtividade média do rebanho, pois as medidas corporais não apontaram nenhum índice que ateste improdutividade, e 70% das borregas apresentaram a característica que ostenta maior importância monetária à lã. Neste sentido, animais de diferentes fenótipos para resistência a nematoides gastrointestinais são igualmente produtivos.
Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e parâmetros ruminais em ovinos alimentados com rações contendo grão seco de destilaria com solúveis
Authors: Geron L. J. V. , Garcia J. , Zanine A. M. , Aguiar S. C. , Sousa Neto E. L. , Paula E. J. H. , Diniz L. C. , Roberto L. S. , Coelho K. S. M. , Santos I. S. , Carvalho J. T. H. , Palermo Neto F.
Published: November 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 0%; 8%; 16% e 24% de grão seco de destilaria com solúveis (GSDS) na alimentação de ovinos sobre o consumo e o coeficiente de digestibilidade total (CD) dos nutrientes e parâmetros ruminais. Foram utilizados quatro ovinos com peso corporal (PC) médio de 23,5 ± 1,5 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento em quadrado latino. Os ovinos foram alocados em gaiolas de metabolismo e receberam duas refeições por dia. Os dados de consumo e CD dos nutrientes dos ovinos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as diferenças observadas foram testadas utilizando equação de regressão a 5% de probabilidade. Para as variáveis pH e concentração do nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) do líquido ruminal a análise estatística foi procedida considerando a subdivisão da parcela, considerando os tempos de avaliação após a alimentação dos animais. A inclusão 0%; 8%; 16% e 24% de GSDS na alimentação de ovinos não alterou (P>0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA) e carboidratos totais (CHT) expressos em g/animal/dia, g/kg PC0,75 e %PC. Porém, a inclusão do GSDS alterou (P0,05) para os diferentes níveis de inclusão do GSDS na alimentação de ovinos. Contudo, o pH do líquido ruminal diferiu (P0,05) a concentração de N-NH3 do líquido ruminal, contudo houve efeito quadrático (P
Maximizing Green Infrastructure in a Philadelphia Neighborhood
Authors: Zidar Kate , Bartrand Timothy A. , Loomis Charles H. , McAfee Chariss A. , Geldi Juliet M. , Rigall Gavin J. , Montalto Franco
Published: November 2017

While the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) is counting on Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GI) as a key component of its long-term plan for reducing combined sewer overflows, many community stakeholders are also hoping that investment in greening can help meet other ancillary goals, collectively referred to as sustainable redevelopment. This study investigates the challenges associated with implementation of GI in Point Breeze, a residential neighborhood of South Philadelphia. The project team performed a detailed study of physical, social, legal, and economic conditions in the pilot neighborhood over the course of several years, culminating in the development of an agent-based model simulation of GI implementation. The model evaluates a) whether PWD’s GI goals can be met in a timely manner, b) what kinds of assumptions regarding participation would be needed under different theoretical GI policies, and c) the extent to which GI could promote sustainable redevelopment. The model outcomes underscore the importance of private land in helping PWD achieve its GI goals in Point Breeze. Achieving a meaningful density of GI in the neighborhoods most in need of sustainable redevelopment may require new and creative strategies for GI implementation tailored for the types of land present in those particular communities.
Plowshares or Swords? Fostering Common Ground Across Difference
Authors: Frick Karen Trapenberg
Published: November 2017

With political polarization challenging forward progress on public policy and planning processes, it is critical to examine possibilities for finding common ground across difference between community participants. In my research on contentious planning processes in the United States, I found four areas of convergence between participants over transportation policy and process related to public process and substantive matters. These convergences warrant planners’ attention because they united stakeholders coming from different vantage points.
Reflexive layer of cognitive states
Authors: Prokhorov A.O. , Yusupov M.G.
Published: November 2017

The article presents the results of studying the reflexive characteristics of cognitive states. The values of states and their relations with the motivational and value characteristics of the subject are studied. The research used methods of analysis of semantic spaces of states: associative experiment and subjective scaling, methods for studying the values and relationships of the subject, mood, metacognitive awareness and involvement in the learning process. The results show that the semantic spaces of most cognitive states are close to each other, the dominant components of spaces of cognitive states are intellectual-cognitive components. The structure of interrelation between motivational characteristics and cognitive states is revealed. The connections of terminal values (development of oneself, spiritual satisfaction, the value of achievements and preservation of one’s own personality), which are integrated with cognitive states, are established.
Incidencia de los Derechos Humanos a partir de los informes de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (C.I.D.H.) para las operaciones militares en Colombia, 2008 – 2010
Authors: Lozano Rojas Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2017

En este artículo de reflexión sobre operaciones militares y Derechos Humanos, que tiene como referencia las recomendaciones de la Comisión (en adelante Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos o C.I.D.H.) de los años 2008 a 2010, se hace un análisis de la incidencia que tienen los Derechos Humanos sobre las operaciones militares. Las recomendaciones de la Comisión hechas a Colombia y que provienen de un organismo protector de Derechos Humanos, a través de un informe objetivo, surgen de situaciones coyunturales, donde se presume la posible vulneración de derechos fundamentales por parte de agentes estatales en contra de la población civil, y que han sido denunciados ante la misma Comisión. Hay que mencionar, además, que a pesar de que las recomendaciones no son de obligatorio cumplimiento para el Estado colombiano, se han tomado medidas legales y políticas para implementar al interior de las instituciones estatales. También cabe señalar que las recomendaciones de estos años, refieren a los métodos empleados por las Fuerzas Militares en el desarrollo de las operaciones militares, los cuales generan una vulneración de los derechos fundamentales de las personas protegidas por el Derecho Internacional Humanitario, como lo son las personas que han dejado sus armas y se han reintegrado a la sociedad, niños, niñas, adolescentes y la población civil. En conclusión a lo anterior, se deriva que del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones se genera una acción positiva para el Estado, como es evitar que un caso pueda pasar de la Comisión (C.I.D.H.) a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Co.I.D.H), la cual genera una responsabilidad internacional para Colombia como Estado infractor; la legitimidad institucional de las Fuerzas Militares; generar conciencia a la institución militar en el cumplimiento de los objetivos estratégicos del Estado y de su misión constitucional a pesar de afrontar una situación excepcional, como es un conflicto armado no internacional, siempre teniendo presente el respeto, protección y garantía de los Derechos Humanos.