bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Site-specific PEGylation of Recombinant Protein SAC-TRAIL and Characterization of the Effect on Antitumor Activity
Authors: Pan Shuting , Dong Yuguo , Wang Xuedong , Ren Yuhong , Xiu Zebo , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2025

Background
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-tumor agent with selective cytotoxicity across a broad spectrum of tumor cell lines. In previous studies, we engineered a recombinant protein drug, SAC-TRAIL, which significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of TRAIL without exhibiting toxicity to normal cells. However, its application in cancer therapy is restricted due to poor resistance to proteolytic degradation and a limited in vivo half-life.
Methods and Results
To address these limitations, we designed a site-specific PEGylation method by conjugating methoxy-polyethylene glycol maleimide (mPEG-MAL) to the thiol group of specific cysteine residues on SAC-TRAIL. In this study, we optimized the PEGylation conditions for SAC-TRAIL, evaluated the in vitro activity and stability of mPEG-MAL-SAC-TRAIL, and conducted in vivo studies to assess its antitumor efficacy. It was shown that approximately 95% of SAC-TRAIL was PEGylated by mPEG-MAL within 30 minutes, exhibiting improved in vitro stability and antitumor activity. Furthermore, mPEG-MAL-SAC-TRAIL demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity and stability in an animal tumor model.
Conclusions
In summary, site-specific PEGylation at Cys-SH residues offers a promising strategy for extending the effective duration of SAC-TRAIL.
Effects of Functional Vermicompost Application on Cd Migration Control and Environmental Impacts in a Soil-Celery System: A Field Study
Authors: Wu Xueping , Xu Jingwen , Ji Tianwei , Huang Huanjie , Hao Mei , Ding Ying , Zhu Weiqin
Published: January 2025

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils poses a significant threat to soil quality and food safety. In-situ stabilization is an effective technology to remediate Cd contamination in soil. This study investigated the application of two functional vermicompost (VS and VB separately derived by vermicomposting cow dung added with struvite and biochar) as amendments in soils planted with celery (Apium graveolens L.). The objective was to evaluate their effects on celery growth, Cd migration, as well as the changes in physicochemical and biological properties in soil. The results indicated that, compared to no amendment (CK) and pure vermicompost (VK), the application of VS and VB enhanced celery growth including plant height, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content, etc. Additionally, functional vermicompost effectively retarded Cd migration from soil to celery by reducing its bioavailability coefficient and biological transport coefficient. Besides, the application of VS notably increased soil parameters as available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and the activities of β-glucosidase (β-GC) and sucrase (SU), while VB significantly improved cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), available potassium (AK) content and the activities of urease (UA) and catalase (CAT) in soil. Furthermore, the application of functional vermicompost enhanced bacterial diversity and richness in soil, while also increasing the relative abundance of metal-resistant bacterial taxa including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Myxococcota, etc. These findings indicate that both VS and VB have significant potential as effective remediation materials for Cd-contaminated soils, thereby supporting the development of sustainable agricultural practices and environmental restoration efforts.
Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of ApoE isoforms to Trem2
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter
Published: January 2025

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic options. The interaction between Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), a critical microglial receptor, and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses in the brain. However, the structural and functional dynamics of TREM2-ApoE isoform interactions (ε2, ε3, and ε4) remain incompletely understood.
Methods: Protein-protein docking using ClusPro was employed to model the interactions between wild-type TREM2 and the three ApoE isoforms (ε2, ε3, ε4) using crystallographic structures. Stability and structural dynamics of these complexes were analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations performed in GROMACS. Key parameters assessed included Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) for structural stability and Radius of Gyration for compactness.
Results: Docking results indicated that ApoE ε3 had the lowest energy-weighted score, suggesting the most stable docking conformation. However, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ApoE ε4 exhibited greater interaction robustness despite lower compactness. ApoE ε2 demonstrated the least stable interaction, characterized by significant variability in structural compactness. These findings highlight isoform-specific differences in TREM2-ApoE interactions, with ApoE ε4 exhibiting unique binding characteristics consistent with its strong association with AD risk.
Conclusion: The therapeutic potential of modulating TREM2-ApoE interactions warrants exploration. Small molecules or biologics that selectively enhance or inhibit these interactions could represent novel strategies for mitigating AD risk or progression, particularly in individuals carrying the ApoE ε4 allele.
Minimally invasive surgery for Craniopharyngioma in a 10-year-old pediatric patient
Authors: Cavalheiro Sergio , Quiróz José Antonio Rangel , Dastoli Patricia Alessandra , Kim Isaque Hyung Tong , Suzuki Fernando Seiji , Costa Marcos Devanir Silva da
Published: January 2025

Craniopharyngiomas are benign, slow-growing tumors in the sellar and para-sellar regions of the central nervous system, with a prevalence of about 2 per 100,000.
Symptoms include headaches, visual disturbances, and endocrine dysfunctions like growth retardation and delayed puberty. Diagnosis involves clinical, radiological, and histological evaluations.
Treatment typically includes surgical resection, with the approach depending on hypothalamic invasion, and may involve postoperative radiotherapy and hormone restitution.
In this article, we present a summary of a case of surgery in a pediatric patient with a craniopharyngioma using microsurgery and neuroendoscopy together to perform minimally invasive surgery through the foramen of Monroe. We can conclude that good management of this pathology depends on the extent of resection, tumor location and size, preoperative endocrine status, and adequate follow-up of these patients by a multidisciplinary team.
Ethics committee approval was not required to perform the surgical procedure on the patient. The patient's parents gave informed consent for the surgery and gave verbal consent for the publication of their video surgery.
Heterogeneity and Emotional Perceptions of the Labelling of Accommodation Services in Tourism
Authors: Beresecka Janka , Durovova Alexandra , Janosova Denisa , Hroncova Vicianova Jana , Darazs Tamas
Published: January 2025

The labelling of tourism accommodation services profoundly influences consumer behaviour and decision-making processes. Many consumers view labelling as a subjective assurance of the quality of services provided and are willing to pay a premium on the basis of the level of quality indicated by these labels. This paper’s main goal is to highlight the critical importance, emotional perception, and potential implications of labelling tourism accommodation services within the Slovak Republic’s particular context and the V4 countries. Considering this, the research employed a combination of secondary data and field research, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Data analysis utilises fundamental statistical techniques as well as more advanced methods, such as eye trajectory analysis, emotional valence analysis, and emotional arousal analysis. These methods, which fall under the domain of biometric measurement of emotions and consumer neuroscience, are essential for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the data. The findings indicate that labelling accommodation services significantly affects consumer behaviour and has an important effect on what decisions are made regarding commodities associated with tourism. Providers of tourism services across various countries are continuously searching for effective ways to label accommodation services that are not only uniform and memorable but also perceived as reliable indicators of service quality. The insights gained from this study, achieved through the application of relatively underutilised methods, significantly enhance our understanding of the importance and relevance of accommodation service labelling. They offer valuable information on the emotional responses elicited by different types of signage, identify the intrinsic appeal of various signage elements, and highlight indicators of emotional arousal. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of strategic signage placement within service environments, employing eye trajectory analysis and the creation of heatmaps to demonstrate how prominently displayed signage can influence consumer perception and engagement. This expanded understanding provides practical implications for designing more effective tourism accommodation labels and marketing strategies.
Exploring the potential reservoirs of Pseudomonas spp. bacteria at meat processing factories and poultry farms
Authors: Bataeva D. S. , Yushina Yu. K. , Semenova A. A. , Zaiko E. V. , Grudistova M. A.
Published: January 2025

One of the microorganisms that cause spoilage of meat during its storage is the bacteria Pseudomonas. To prevent contamination of the finished products with these bacteria, it is important to find the places at the enterprise where they aggregate. Within the framework of this study, the objects and premises of the production facilities at meat processing factories and poultry farms were explored to detect their contamination with bacteria of Pseudomonas spp. The potential reservoirs of those bacteria were defined at these plants. In addition, the species diversity of Pseudomonas was established at the production facilities environment at the enterprises. 27 production facilities environments (structures, equipment, package containers) were examined for the presence of bacteria with the method of washings. The samples were examined to detect Pseudomonas bacteria, with their subsequent identification with the method of time-of-flight mass spectrometry MALDI-Tof-MS. 487 strains of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas were isolated, which strains are represented by 47 species. As a result of the study it was found that all 27 production facilities were contaminated with various species of Pseudomonas. From two to fourteen species of Pseudomonas bacteria were detected at all facilities. 12 facilities of the enterprise for slaughter and processing of broiler chickens were contaminated with Pseudomonas gessardii. Pseudomonas bacteria spp. (identification is traced down only to its genus) were found at 10 objects. Pseudomonas tolaasii and Pseudomonas brenneri were found at 9 and 8 objects, respectively. The surfaces of 6 objects demonstrated contamination with Pseudomonas chlororaphis ssp chlororaphis and Pseudomonas koreensis. Other Pseudomonas species were found at 1–5 sites. Pseudomonas fluorescens were detected at 8 pork processing plant sites, Pseudomonas gessardii were found at 5 sites. 4 sites were contaminated with Pseudomonas chlororaphis ssp. chlororaphis and Pseudomonas koreensis, 3 objects contained Pseudomonas tolaasii, Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas rhodesiae, Pseudomonas libanensis and Pseudomonas extremorientalis. The remaining species of Pseudomonas were found at one or two sites in the territory of the pork processing plant. It was found that all production environment sites, regardless of their distance from the raw materials and the finished products, were contaminated with Pseudomonas bacteria. At the same time, the sites that had no contact with the food products showed wider diversity of Pseudomonas species than in the places where the contact took place. Thus, all the explored objects of the production environment at the pork processing enterprises and the facilities for slaughter and processing of broiler chickens are the potential reservoirs of Pseudomonas bacteria.
Codebase release 1.0 for kdotpy
Authors: Beugeling Wouter , Bayer Florian , Berger Christian , Böttcher Jan , Bovkun Leonid , Fuchs Christopher , Hofer Maximilian , Shamim Saquib , Siebert Moritz , Wang Li-Xian , Hankiewicz Ewelina , Kießling Tobias , Buhmann Hartmut , Molenkamp Laurens
Published: January 2025

The software project kdotpy provides a Python application for simulating electronic band structures of semiconductor devices with k·p theory on a lattice. The application implements the widely used Kane model, capable of reliable predictions of transport and optical properties for a large variety of topological and non-topological materials with a zincblende crystal structure. The application automates the tedious steps of simulating band structures. The user inputs the relevant physical parameters on the command line, for example materials and dimensions of the device, magnetic field, and temperature. The program constructs the appropriate matrix Hamiltonian on a discretized lattice of spatial coordinates and diagonalizes it. The physical observables are extracted from the eigenvalues and eigenvectors and saved as output. The program is highly customizable with a large set of configuration options and material parameters.
Introducción a la investigación. Claves para estudiantes universitarios
Authors:   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Álvarez Posada José Luis , Acevedo Valencia Jenny Marcela ,   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó
Published: January 2025

Este libro pretende acercar a los estudiantes a las lógicas de la investigación científica. Está hecho bajo una escritura sencilla, cercana y descriptiva, que servirá como material de lectura práctica, en el que encontrarán temas relacionados con conceptos clave como paradigmas, enfoques, construcción de objetos de estudio, la práctica ética y las fases en el proceso de investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa. La obra se destaca por su estructura organizada, con un enfoque didáctico en que las personas lectoras adquieran conocimientos sobre la teoría investigativa, y se orienten en sus primeros pasos dentro del ámbito investigativo y académico.
“Stochastic parrot” as the servant of business: Achievements and challenges of generative artificial intelligence
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Gavrilova Tatiana A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: to present an overview of research and technologies of artificial intelligence based on neural networks and large linguistic models.

Methodology: the key method for the study is the desk method of thematic literature reviews.

Findings: the main trends in the development of artificial intelligence were identified, the hidden dangers and the imperfections of modern systems implementation were analyzed and determined.

Originality and contribution: the study shows a critical approach and the analysis of the ever-increasing information noise in the field of promoting generative artificial intelligence as the result of the author’s supervision and implementation of research projects initiated by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Russian Science Foundation, as well as the continuous expert work in the Russian Association of Artificial Intelligence. The paper integrates several plenary reports of the author on this topic.
The Civil War in Russia. 1917–1922: Сomprehension after a Hundred Years
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Goldin V. I.
Published: January 2025

The article gives an excursion into the history of civil wars, characterizes their main features and peculiarities.
The paper indicates the most significant studies of this subject. The periodization of the study of the
Russian Civil War over the past hundred years is presented, and the main features and peculiarities of the Soviet
and post-Soviet stages of its cognition are highlighted. The paper discovers the main results of the work done by
historians on understanding the Civil War in Russia in connection with its centenary: scientific conferences, the
most significant completed and ongoing scientific projects and publications. The modern understanding of the
unique phenomenon of the Russian Civil War as a series or complex of wars and confrontations with the characteristics
of the most important of them is analyzed. The author examines the study of some major problems of Civil
War and foreign intervention. The article notes both the positive results achieved and the progress in cognition
with the indication of the most informative published monographs and the departure of a number of topics to the
periphery of research. The paper deals with the topic of historical memory and lessons of the Civil War in our
country and abroad, the struggle of opinions on these issues. The author indicates the main directions of improving
the work on memorialization of the Russian Civil War and formation of historical memory about it.
Re-registration of Members of the RCP(b) in 1918–1920: Based on Archival Materials of the Vyatka Region
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Timkin Yu. N.
Published: January 2025

In 1918–1920 the Soviet state was taking its first steps in its formation and the Communist Party, faced
serious difficulties in resolving personnel policy. Under the conditions of a change of power, people had new
opportunities to increase their social status and improve their living conditions. It was the party member card that
provided such opportunities. Therefore, it was necessary for the party to create a social filter that would allow, on
the one hand, to prevent those who threatened the foundations of the new government from entering the power
structures, and, on the other, to give the opportunity for promotion to those members who can become Soviet
managers. Our article is devoted to the re-registration in 1918–1920, which served as the basis for the formation
of the institution of purges later. The research was based on the principles of historicism, methods of historical
institutionalism and case studies. The study revealed that at first there was no unified re-registration system, and
the initiative in its implementation came from local organizations. The re-registration of 1919 was the first all-Russian
campaign, the results of which remain, on the whole, ambiguous. Of course, it contributed to the cleansing of
organizations from obvious opponents and criminals, but the lack of completeness of the archival material does
not allow us to paint a full picture. The re-registration of 1920 was better organized and carried out. More than
2600 people left the provincial organization, which is almost 27 % of the total number of the organization. Moreover,
almost 84 % were members, who evaded or did not appear and ignored this campaign. The re-registration
commissions did not comment on this figure. Only few members were excluded. On the whole, both all-Russian
re-registrations contributed much to the strengthening of discipline and solving conflict situations.
Russians in a Special Area of the Eastern Provinces of the Republic of China: Problems of Russian-Chinese Relations on the Chinese Eastern Railway in 1920–1924
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Datsyshen V. G. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the problems of Russian-Chinese relations on
the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) in the context of the establishment of Chinese power in the exclusion zone and the Soviet-Chinese confrontation over the ownership of the road. To achieve this goal, the historical picture
of events on the CER is being restored, new historical sources are being introduced into scientific circulation,
including materials on the history of the CER from the E. Kh. Nilus Archive of the Hoover Institute of War, Revolution
and Peace at Stanford University. The documents and materials involved in the study made it possible to
supplement the historical picture of the events of Russian-Chinese relations in the exclusion zone of the Chinese
Eastern Railway, and to consider the problems of Russian migrants during the turning point in history 1920–1924.
Throughout this period, the Chinese consistently formed Chinese state institutions in the Special Region of the
Eastern Provinces, and the local Chinese public actively supported the policy of asserting Chinese sovereignty
in the CER right-of-way. The Russian population of the CER right-of-way, significant in number and complex in
composition, was dissatisfied with the abolition of extraterritoriality, but at the same time successfully integrated
into the system of the Chinese state, without breaking ties with the Russian state, without losing traditional culture.
In the new conditions, Russians on the CER retained their traditional way of life, freedom and material well-being.
Mutually beneficial Russian-Chinese interaction ensured the political and economic stability of the Russian
population in the Special Region of the Eastern Provinces of the Republic of China during the transition period
of 1920–1924.
Mental Health of Educators: A Pilot Study on Personality and Physical Activity as Correlates of Teachers’ Occupational Burnout
Authors: Wilczyńska Dominika , Hejła Marcelina
Published: January 2025

The study explores burnout among 73 school teachers, examining associations with personality, physical activity, and differences  based on age, gender, and specialization. Utilizing the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, it revealed significant correlations between personality traits (excluding openness) and all burnout dimensions. Notably, younger teachers exhibited higher depersonalization levels than their older counterparts. Given teachers’ pivotal role in student development, researching occupational burnout is crucial – especially in the post-pandemic era. Understanding these dynamics is essential for fostering a healthy educational environment and ensuring overallstudent well-being.
The Polish Association of Suicidology’s Contribution to the Advancement of Scholarly Publications in the Field of Suicidology: The Annual Journal Suicydologia
Authors: Czabański Adam
Published: January 2025

The Polish Association of Suicidology (Polskie Towarzystwo Suicydologiczne [PTS]) has played a major role in raising awareness of  the dangers of suicidal behavior in society. One of the objectives in establishing the PTS was publishing. The purpose of this article is to describe the contribution of the PTS to the advancement of publications in the field of suicidology, based on the example of the annual journal Suicydologia.The journal was printed in ten volumes between 2005 and 2018. The authors included members of the Polish Association of  Suicidology as well as guest authors who were invited from all over Poland. These were professionals in many fields and disciplines,  from the medical and health sciences to social science research. It seems that the publication of papers in the field of suicidology in Suicydologia contributed to bringing together this scientific community, spreading knowledge about the threat of suicidal behavior and designing preventive measures to mitigate suicide.
Syzygium cumini-Mediated NPs Exhibiting Antibacterial, Anti-Motility,
and Anti-Biofilm Potential against Multi-Drug Resistant Clinical
Nosocomial Pathogens
Authors: Diksha Diksha , Pai Manju Ohri , Gupta Pratima , Badoni Gaurav , Negi Shailender , Anand Priyal , Das Jayanta , Madhav Kunal , Verma Sahil , Banerjee Uttam Chand , Kalita Deepjyoti
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Multidrug resistance in nosocomial pathogens is now a serious problem
in the health care system and causes the majority of morbidity and death worldwide. The
current landscape of antibiotic failures encourages researchers to look for plant-based (green
synthesized) nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, the present study aims to synthesize silver NPs
(AgNPs) using the leaf extract of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) and assess their antibacterial,
anti-motility, and anti-biofilm potential against two multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates,
i.e., P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.

Methodology:

Optimization of reaction parameters for NPs synthesis was carried out using a
UV-Vis spectrophotometer. After optimization, these NPs were characterized through UV-Vis,
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), XRay
Diffraction (XRD), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), and ThermoGravimetric
Analyzer (TGA). These NPs were then checked for antibacterial, anti-motility, and anti-biofilm
activity.

Results:

The spectrum of optimized AgNPs was noticed at 432 nm, displaying a bell-shaped
curve under UV-Vis spectroscopy. TEM images showed biosynthesized NPs have a spherical
shape and 15-20 nm diameter. The FT-IR study has revealed the presence of phenolics, aromatics,
and alkyne groups in the synthesized NPs. These biosynthesized AgNPs were processed for
antibacterial, anti-motility, and anti-biofilm activity. Results showed that AgNPs exhibit good
antibacterial activity. The effect of AgNPs against P.aeruginosa and A. baumannii showed a
substantial reduction in motility patterns and biofilm architecture. A one-way ANOVA statistical
test was used that displayed a significant difference (p-value<0.001) in MIC, motility, and biofilm
inhibition assay.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, AgNPs showed promising antibacterial, anti-motility, and
antibiofilm activity against both MDR clinical strains. However, identifying the active compound
and using its NPs in vivo and in animal experiments may add to their future applicability.
Revolutionizing Drug Delivery: A Design Professional's Approach to Drug-loaded Transferosomal Vesicles for Transdermal Use
Authors: Subramaniyan Gopinath , Shaik Rubina , Ramana Bachu Venkata , A Meriton Stanley , Srinivasan Devasena
Published: January 2025

Aim:

This study aimed to develop and evaluate lornoxicam (LXM) and thiocolchicoside
(TCS) transferosomal transdermal patches.

Background:

Oral administration of LXM and TCS can lead to gastric irritation, necessitating alternative
delivery methods for pain and inflammation relief. Incorporating LXM & TCS into transferosomes
within a transdermal patch offers a potential solution.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate transferosomal transdermal patches
containing LXM and TCS, incorporating Aloe vera leaf mucilage (AVLM) and lime oil (LO) as
permeability enhancers. The aim is to enhance the skin permeation of these drugs while mitigating
gastric irritation associated with their oral administration.

Method:

Transferosomes were made by the thin film hydration tactic, with nine formulations based
on three independent variables: phosphatidylcholine, span 80, and sonication time. Entrapment efficiency
and drug release at 6th h were assessed as dependent variables. The optimized combination
was then formulated into transdermal patches via central composite design, evaluating the impact of
AVLM and LO on lornoxicam discharge and other physicochemical properties.

Results:

The average weight and thickness of the patches ranged from 7.52±0.75 to 8.07±0.11g and
from 1.69±0.01 to 1.82±0.02mm, respectively, representing minimal variance. The LXM/TCS content
homogeneity ranged from 92.84±3.55 to 94.07±4.61% for LXM and from 90.17±1.98 to
93.18±2.98% for TCS, demonstrating robust uniformity. Higher proportions of phosphatidylcholine
and span 80, along with lesser sonication time, led to improved entrapment of lornoxicam. In vitro,
discharge studies demonstrated optimal discharge with a higher proportion of phosphatidylcholine, a
medium proportion of span 80, and a longer sonication time. The transferosomal patches exhibited
zero-order discharge kinetics, with LXM & TCS discharge % at 24, 48, and 72 h.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that formulation TDP-8, which incorporates 3g of Aloe vera leaf
mucilage (AVLM) and lime oil (LO) as permeability enhancers, demonstrated favorable discharge
characteristics. This indicates its potential as an effective transdermal delivery system for LXM and
TCS, offering a promising substitute for pain and inflammation relief while minimizing gastric irritation.
The study succeeded in developing and evaluating transferosomal transdermal patches for
LXM and TCS, providing an alternative delivery method that minimizes gastric irritation.
Impact of oil price and market volatility on the relationship between Saudi stock prices and illiquidity
Authors:   Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business Administration, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, Ben Soltane Hela ,   ESCT, LARIMRAF LR21ES29, University of Manouba, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
Published: January 2025

This study examines whether stock price sensitivity to illiquidity shocks changes over time in the Saudi stock market. Using structural break analysis, the research identifies shifts in the sensitivity of stock prices to illiquidity. A Markov switching model is then applied to understand these changes. The results indicate that small firms experience two distinct regimes, with illiquidity shocks reducing stock prices in the first regime ten times more than in the second. For large firms, stock price responses to illiquidity shocks vary across three regimes: in the first, prices decrease; in the second, prices remain stable; and in the third, prices drop sharply. Further analysis shows that higher market volatility significantly increases the impact of illiquidity shocks on small firms, while large firms are more sensitive to illiquidity shocks following periods of negative market performance. The study finds no evidence that changes in oil prices influence the relationship between illiquidity shocks and stock prices. These findings provide valuable insights for investors to predict periods of high illiquidity risk and implement effective investment strategies.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Refractory Celiac Disease: An Overview with Focus on Infectious Complications
Authors: Al-Toma Abdul , Koene Harry R.
Published: January 2025

Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is a rare condition in which a known celiac patient, usually an adult, suffers from persistence or recurrence of gluten-related symptomatology, laboratory abnormalities, and inflammatory enteropathy despite following an optimal dietary therapy with gluten-free diet (GFD). Arbitrarily, a duration of at least 12 months of GFD has been recommended prior to establishing such a diagnosis. Furthermore, exclusion of the other possible causes of non-celiac villous atrophy, particularly enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), is a prerequisite for establishing a diagnosis of RCD. RCD is subdivided into two types, depending on the percentage of immunophenotypically aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). The refractory patients having a high percentage of abnormal ‘aberrant’ IEL (RCD-II) are regarded as having pre-lymphoma due to the high probability of developing EATL. In addition, they are at high risk for infection owing to the impaired immunity resulting from malnutrition, bacterial overgrowth and translocation in the small intestine, and the presence of hyposplenism (functional asplenia). The RCD-II patients are generally non-responsive to the currently available pharmacological treatments. However, both clinical and histopathological remissions have been achieved using the purine analog cladribine (2-CDA). Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) appears to be an effective therapy for these patients as it is well tolerated and has a low risk of post-transplant infections or other complications. The present review provides an overview of the application of auto-HSCT for the treatment of patients with RCD-II, which is a classic example of an autoimmune disorder. The focus is particularly on the infectious complications developing after the application of auto-HSCT.
The Clinicians’ Guide to Large Language Models: A General Perspective With a Focus on Hallucinations
Authors: Roustan Dimitri , Bastardot François
Published: January 2025

Large language models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence tools that have the prospect of profoundly changing how we practice all aspects of medicine. Considering the incredible potential of LLMs in medicine and the interest of many health care stakeholders for implementation into routine practice, it is therefore essential that clinicians be aware of the basic risks associated with the use of these models. Namely, a significant risk associated with the use of LLMs is their potential to create hallucinations. Hallucinations (false information) generated by LLMs arise from a multitude of causes, including both factors related to the training dataset as well as their auto-regressive nature. The implications for clinical practice range from the generation of inaccurate diagnostic and therapeutic information to the reinforcement of flawed diagnostic reasoning pathways, as well as a lack of reliability if not used properly. To reduce this risk, we developed a general technical framework for approaching LLMs in general clinical practice, as well as for implementation on a larger institutional scale.
Embedded Water-lubricated Bearing Temperature Wireless Monitoring System
Authors: Wei Yujie , Wang Nan
Published: January 2025

For the ship lubrication system, different water temperatures not only affect the viscosity coefficient of the water, but also cause additional thermal deformation of the rubber bearing, and in serious cases, it also affects the normal operation of the ship lubrication system. However, the water film has a closed area, various bearing structures, complex operating conditions, and limited existing monitoring methods, resulting in accurate temperature data that is not easy to obtain. In order to solve the above problems, a thin-film temperature sensor was proposed to be embedded in the water-lubricated bearing and wireless communication technology was applied, and a monitoring system was developed to achieve real-time monitoring of the bearing temperature signal. Firstly, the temperature monitoring system and bearing system are described, then the temperature sensor is calibrated, and finally the system is designed and tested through software and hardware. The results show that the method of the wireless temperature monitoring system in this paper is feasible.
Research on the Collaborative Education Model of Industry-Education Integration for Building Electrical and Intelligent Specialty under the Context of Smart Construction
Authors: Luo Xi
Published: January 2025

Under the background of smart construction and emerging engineering education, this paper addresses issues such as insufficient integration of industry, academia, and research, as well as a single education model in the cultivation of building electrical and intelligent specialty talents. A collaborative education model based on "multi-dimensional integration" is explored, establishing an education framework characterized by "One Core, Two Lines, Three Entities, Four Aspects, and Five Advantages" (1+2+3+4+5). The paper also develops a "KAQ" (Knowledge, Ability, Quality) shared mechanism to optimize the curriculum system, practical teaching, and quality evaluation framework. Furthermore, this study illustrates innovative pathways for university-enterprise collaboration through the case of smart construction site simulation teaching. The findings provide theoretical and practical references for training high-quality, interdisciplinary talents aligned with industrial needs, thereby enhancing the quality of emerging engineering talent cultivation.
I Call It a ‘Garden’, a Place of Seeds: Geoffrey Dutton’s Lessons in Curiosity and Exploration
Authors: Finlay Alec , Lucas Billy , Jones Kirsty , Logan George , Dutton Geoffrey
Published: January 2025

Geoffrey Dutton (1924–2010) was a distinguished biomolecular scientist who was simultaneously also a poet, mountaineer, wild water swimmer, and the creator, caretaker and chronicler of a Highland garden in Perthshire, Scotland. Dutton saw no conflict between science and poetry, and eight acres of a steep and rugged hillside provided him with an experimental ground to explore this and other complex interrelationships in his search for the new. For fifty years, Dutton maintained what he called a ‘marginal garden’ – a marginal site guided with marginal effort to maximum marginal effect. His lifelong ecological dialogue with the garden was ahead of its time and is today largely forgotten, despite Dutton’s multiple publications in both prose and verse. Amid the garden’s slow transition back into the wild margin, this publication is a celebration – of a special place, a singular body of work and an insatiably curious individual.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferases in GtoPdb v.2024.4
Authors: Casals Núria , Rodríguez Rosalía
Published: January 2025

The CPT1 enzymes convert long chain (greater than ∼C12) acyl-CoA molecules to acylcarnitine derivatives to facilitate their transport from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix via the carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CACT; SLC25A20). The acylcarnitines are converted back to acyl-CoA by CPT2 to support the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) cycle in the mitochondria. CPT1s are allosterically inhibited by malonyl-CoA.
Historia de la lucha contra la poliomielitis en México: 1925-2024
Authors: Carrillo Ana María
Published: January 2025

This work studies the policy of the Mexican State to eliminate poliomyelitis, from 1925 —the year in which the Mexican health authorities began to register cases of the disease— to the present day. It argues that several stages can be distinguished in this effort: in the first, the so-called epidemic infantile paralysis had not yet reached the country, but it was already a concern of health professionals and health authorities; in the second, medical sciences lacked the means to prevent or treat the disease, but public health specialists gathered important epidemiological information; in the third, an attempt was made to prevent the disease by applying gamma globulin to children, for which purpose blood collections were held in many Mexican cities; in the fourth, the Salk killed virus vaccine first, and the Sabin attenuated virus vaccine later on; they were tested and then produced by the Mexican State; in the fifth stage, vaccination was massive and compulsory and achieved the elimination of the disease from the country; and in the sixth, or post-elimination period, for various reasons polio continues to be a present concern. Keywords: Poliomyelitis; epidemics; vaccination; elimination; Mexico.
Problems and Challenges Faced by the Street Vendors
Authors: Jangid Vidhi
Published: January 2025

This research addresses the difficult lives of street vendors with the aim of informing policy development, guiding,
empowering the community, and increasing economic opportunity. The life of street vendors was never easy, they faced many
problems throughout their lives. Since street vendors have a huge impact on the economy by providing employment
opportunities, they still don't get attention and are judged by the people. So, to know all the challenges, we talked to them and
read various literature and research papers. They faced problems like inadequate water and electricity, per day income, family
dependency, storage, COVID-19, and legal challenges. This research helps to show life from street vendors and create awareness
about them among the people.
Virtual Interview Simulator: Leveraging AIML and Vision Technology
Authors: R Sridevi
Published: January 2025

The AI-powered mock interview system offers realistic practice through virtual interactions, using ML to analyze
responses and provide personalized feedback on content and delivery models evaluate verbal responses for coherence, relevance,
and sentiment using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. These NLP algorithms are essential for understanding
and interpreting the context and emotional tone of candidates' answers, thereby providing a nuanced assessment of their
communication skills.
The system uses image processing techniques to analyze non- verbal cues. MediaPipe, a versatile tool for detecting and
identifying facial key points, enables precise identification of facial expressions and movements. Techniques like face detection,
landmark detection, and emotion classification are applied to interpret these non-verbal signals, offering insights into the
candidate's emotional state and engagement level. The system's architecture also includes components for voice capture and
analysis. Voice analysis examines tone, pitch, and speech speed to understand the clarity and emotional undertones of the
responses. This multi-modal approach, which combines verbal, vocal, and visual data, ensures a comprehensive evaluation of the
candidate's performance. Integrating advanced tech, the system effectively simulates and assesses interviews.
Conocimiento local tradicional de plantas medicinales en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales en la Institución Educativa Francisco de la Villota
Authors: Miramá Posos Paola Marley , Villota Yaqueno Yeny Lorena
Published: January 2025

Este artículo presenta los resultados parciales del proceso investigativo “Conocimiento local tradicional de plantas medicinales para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales”, que surge por el interés de estudio sobre la relación establecida entre el conocimiento científico escolar y el conocimiento local construido por la comunidad educativa del Corregimiento de Genoy, específicamente sobre las plantas medicinales en el área de ciencias naturales. Por ello, se presenta el análisis realizado a los documentos institucionales PRAE, PEI y Plan de área, con el objetivo de establecer si el conocimiento local tradicional sobre las plantas medicinales se encuentra presente en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la Institución Educativa Francisco de la Villota – sede escuela integrada.
La investigación se orientó bajo el paradigma cualitativo, con un enfoque hermenéutico y la adopción del análisis de contenido, que permite concluir que, si bien los documentos cuentan con características que favorecen el reconocimiento de la diversidad y de lo propio, muestran, a su vez, que el conocimiento alrededor de las plantas medicinales no se contempla en el aula de clases, lo que impide que el conocimiento local tradicional se reconociera y armonizara con el conocimiento científico escolar.
El Papel de las Maestras Afronariñenses en el Fortalecimiento de la Identidad Cultural de Tumaco
Authors: Mideros Pabón María Alejandra , Piarpusán Pismac Esteban David , Jurado Agreda Mario David
Published: January 2025

En este texto se presenta la revisión teórica que soporta al proyecto de investigación La representación del PRETAN en las prácticas educativas de las maestras afronariñenses y su relación con el fortalecimiento de la identidad cultural de Tumaco, cuyo problema de investigación se concentra en la necesidad de visibilizar el aporte de estas maestras en los procesos pedagógicos y de educación intercultural en el municipio de Tumaco para fortalecer su identidad cultural. Esta investigación tiene por objetivo comprender la representación del PRETAN en las prácticas educativas de las maestras afronariñenses del nivel de básica primaria de la Institución Educativa Ciudadela Mixta, sede principal, del municipio de Tumaco, a partir de sus relatos de experiencia que permitan la identificación de acciones que fortalecen la identidad cultural.
Se abordan los conceptos de cultura, identidad cultural, educación intercultural y prácticas pedagógicas, elaborados a la luz de la teoría del pensamiento decolonial. Esta revisión teórica se desarrolló a partir de la realización de mapeamientos informacionales, la lectura, análisis, reflexión y curaduría de los elementos conceptuales aportados por los autores trabajados. El paradigma metodológico que orientó la investigación fue el cualitativo, desde el enfoque histórico-hermenéutico, y el tipo de investigación narrativa. La población con la que se trabajó corresponde a cinco maestras afronariñenses que desarrollan procesos educativos interculturales en el municipio de Tumaco. Se concluyó que la etnoeducación es un proceso de resistencia cultural, que tiende hacia la construcción de procesos educativos liberadores y el tránsito hacia la interculturalidad.
Multiplexed Quantum Communication with Surface and Hypergraph Product Codes
Authors: Nishio Shin , Connolly Nicholas , Lo Piparo Nicolò , Munro William John , Scruby Thomas Rowan , Nemoto Kae
Published: January 2025

Connecting multiple processors via quantum interconnect technologies could help overcome scalability issues in single-processor quantum computers. Transmission via these interconnects can be performed more efficiently using quantum multiplexing, where information is encoded in high-dimensional photonic degrees of freedom. We explore the effects of multiplexing on logical error rates in surface codes and hypergraph product codes. We show that, although multiplexing makes loss errors more damaging, assigning qubits to photons in an intelligent manner can minimize these effects, and the ability to encode higher-distance codes in a smaller number of photons can result in overall lower logical error rates. This multiplexing technique can also be adapted to quantum communication and multimode quantum memory with high-dimensional qudit systems.
The Environmental Impact of Rising Sea Levels on the Global South
Authors: G. Velmurugan  , R. Subashini  , N. Saravanabhavan  , Ajay Kumar Sharma
Published: January 2025

Climate change is a worldwide emergency that has a much greater impact on developing countries. Extreme weather events like hurricanes, floods, and droughts are happening more often and are more severe, causing widespread damage and displacement. Sea levels are also rising, threatening coastal communities and displacing millions of people. The impacts of rising sea levels are wide-ranging and include flooding, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, and loss of biodiversity. The Global South is hit hardest by climate change because it is less developed and has fewer resources to adapt. It also depends more on natural resources that climate change is damaging. Sea level rise is not uniform across the globe and varies regionally. Increasingly elevated and extreme sea levels pose a significant threat to coastal areas, giving rise to a spectrum of coastal hazards. The Global South has contributed less to climate change than industrialized nations. Therefore, it is a matter of global justice that these regions be supported in their efforts to adapt to the impacts of climate change. In this article, the authors will discuss the impact of rising sea levels, along with the challenges and opportunities for adaptation to rising sea levels.