bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendampingan Implementasi Project-Based Learning pada MGMP SMA Biologi di Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Tuo Ambo , Najmi Andi
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi Project-Based Learning (PjBL) di Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) SMA Biologi di Sulawesi Selatan, dengan fokus pada strategi pendampingan dan dampaknya terhadap proses pembelajaran. Tujuan utama dari studi ini adalah untuk menilai efektivitas pendampingan dalam menerapkan PjBL dan dampaknya terhadap keterampilan kritis, kolaboratif, motivasi belajar, serta pemahaman konseptual siswa terhadap biologi. Metode penelitian ini melibatkan survei, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen pendidikan yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dari guru dan siswa yang terlibat dalam program PjBL.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendampingan efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan penerapan PjBL di kalangan guru, serta secara signifikan memperkaya pengalaman belajar siswa melalui proyek yang relevan dan menantang. Namun, tantangan seperti keterbatasan sumber daya dan kebutuhan akan dukungan administratif lebih lanjut ditemukan sebagai hambatan utama dalam skala implementasi yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa penguatan infrastruktur pendukung dan pelatihan guru yang berkelanjutan akan kritikal untuk memaksimalkan potensi PjBL.
Workshop Perangkat Pembelajaran bagi Mahasiswa Magang Kependidikan Program MBKM
Authors: Sadikin Ali , Arisandy Eka Putra Sembiring Dian
Published: August 2024

Workshop perangkat pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa magang kependidikan program MBKM ini merupakan langkah penting dalam upaya menyiapkan calon pendidik yang tidak hanya kompeten dalam teori tetapi juga mahir dalam praktek. Dengan bekal pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diperoleh dari workshop ini, diharapkan mahasiswa magang dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah maupun di lingkungan pendidikan non-formal. Melalui inisiatif seperti ini, program MBKM semakin menunjukkan komitmennya dalam menciptakan ekosistem pendidikan yang merdeka belajar dan mengajar, sekaligus merdeka dalam berinovasi dan berkarya.
Exploring the Implementation of Entrepreneurial Values to the Young Farmers in West Java
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan , Iskandar Yusuf , Maulana Agung
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The objective of this research is to study and explore the implementation of entrepreneurial values among young farmers in West Java and its relationship with empowerment programs, capital structure, self-reliance, and innovation in agriculture. Methodology: A sample of 103 young farmers from various districts in West Java participated in the study. Quantitative analysis, including descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and path analysis using Smart PLS, was conducted to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial values, self-reliance in agriculture, and innovation in agriculture. Finding: The findings show that young farmers in West Java exhibit moderate levels of entrepreneurial values, with particular emphasis on initiative and creativity. In addition, the analysis shows a positive correlation between entrepreneurial values and empowerment programs, capital structure, self-reliance in agriculture, and innovation in agriculture. The analysis further confirmed that entrepreneurial values are significantly predicted by empowerment programs, capital structure, innovation, and self-reliance in agriculture among young farmers. This study also shows that self-reliance could directly predict entrepreneurial values without capital structure as an intervening variable. These findings highlight the importance of fostering entrepreneurial values among young farmers through empowerment program intervention, providing access to capital structure, promoting agricultural innovation, and encouraging their self-reliance. Policymakers and stakeholders in agriculture should focus on providing training programs and support mechanisms that can foster an entrepreneurial mindset and skills among young farmers in West Java.Conclusion: The need to promote entrepreneurial values among young West Java farmers by boosting empowerment programs, self-reliance, and agricultural innovation with the support of capital structure access. The agricultural sector may become more robust, flexible, and sustainable, boosting regional growth and wealth. Further research should examine how entrepreneurial ideals affect self-reliance and creativity in agriculture and how young farmers might adopt them.
Trust that Mediates the Effect of Website Quality and the Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) On the Purchase Intention
Authors: Sinulingga Natalis , Handoko Yunus , Dura Justita
Published: August 2024

E-commerce platforms such as Tokopedia, one of Indonesia's leading players, have attracted public attention before, during and after COVID-19 by providing various online products and services. Tokopedia is a forum or facilitator for buying and selling transactions for goods or services between sellers and buyers via the Internet. Tokopedia has become one of the e-commerce sites that can attract consumers' purchasing intentions.Objectives: This research aims to determine how trust mediates the effect of website quality and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on purchase intention.Methodology: This study uses a quantitative method. The analysis method used a structural equation modeling (SEM) which is processed by using SmartPLS.Finding: The research results show that electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) and trust positively and significantly affect purchase intention. Meanwhile, the website quality variable has no direct effect on purchase intentions. In addition, trust is a mediator variable for the influence of web quality and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on purchase intention.Conclusion: Trust is a mediator variable for the influence of web quality and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on purchase intention.
Breaking the Subjective Bias: Rethinking the Talent Management Model in the Ministry of Home Affairs
Authors: Gunawan Tedi
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The objective of this research is to address subjective elements in talent management assessment in civil service organizations, focusing particularly on the Ministry of Home Affairs. By investigating the effectiveness of the Sikerja application and proposing solutions to enhance objectivity, the study seeks to contribute practical insights for advancing talent management practices.Methodology: This research employed qualitative research, utilizing a case study approach. Through in-depth interviews with key personnel and a thorough literature review, data is collected and analyzed comprehensively.Finding: The study reveals significant shortcomings in Sikerja's ability to address subjectivity in performance appraisal at the Ministry of Home Affairs. It lacks rigorous testing and is influenced by personal biases, undermining its reliability. To develop a more effective talent management framework, the study proposes adopting a Data-Driven Decision-Making (DDDM) approach. This involves establishing an independent team to analyze performance data objectively, ensuring fairness and transparency. Finally, the study recommends developing a talent management model based on Berger's concept and data for continuous improvement.Conclusion: Developing a talent management model for the Ministry of Home Affairs requires an understanding of the current situation. The review of the Sikerja application highlights its limitations; subjectivity in assessments and the lack of scientific validation in its methods, which hinder its efficacy. Therefore, the author suggests adopting a Data-Driven Decision-Making (DDDM) approach in talent management. DDDM offers a robust solution by establishing an independent data analysis team, ensuring objectivity, and identifying areas for improvement. Integrating DDDM principles into all talent management stages will establish a framework promoting objectivity, transparency, and fairness, ultimately optimizing the workforce's potential.
Determinant of Affective Commitment: Mediation and Moderation Mechanism of Job Satisfaction and Job Tenure
Authors: Noermijati Noermijati , Tri Kurniawati Desi , Farhiya Daniyatul , Masyhuri Masyhuri
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of followership in increasing affective commitment, complemented by a mediation mechanism using job satisfaction and moderating variable job tenure.Methodology: This study is using the quantitative research approach involving 131 employees from the service industry in East Java. Data retrieval using a convenience sampling technique. The instrument used is a questionnaire that is distributed online. Data analysis used SEM_PLS with Smartpls 3.0 application. Finding: The results found that followership can increase work satisfaction, and job satisfaction can directly affect commitment. Surprisingly, good followership had no direct effect on affective commitment. However, the followership mediation mechanism successfully increases affective commitment through job satisfaction. Finally, job tenure has succeeded in strengthening the role of followership in increasing affective commitment.Conclusion: These findings suggest that if a leader wants to increase employees' affective commitment using a followership attitude, they must pay attention to employee job satisfaction and tenure.
Reportes medioambientales para las empresas y su desarrollo en la contabilidad
Authors: Díaz– Garzón Angela María
Published: August 2024

Se da a muestra un estudio de la literatura actual para establecer una propuesta metodológica para la elaboración de reportes medioambientales. Por esto, se propone evaluar distintas metodologías que han sido usadas en varios ámbitos geográficos, para realizar la formulación de un modelo de reporte eco-contable que se acoge a las necesidades ambientales del país. La metodología tiene parte de una revisión documental para la elaboración de un estado del arte sobre lo relacionado, en donde se analizan las investigaciones disponibles a la fecha en la base de datos Google Scholar, con una antigüedad inferior a 10 años. Igualmente se consideran las metodologías encaminadas a la formulación de los reportes y se conocen los elementos de los estados financieros los cuales tienen relación con los hechos medioambientales que atraviesan la actividad empresarial. Los resultados muestran una matriz de doble entrada con las actividades económicas primordiales y los componentes de la metodología seleccionada para la creación de la propuesta que se desea presentar, la cual fue la RCSA (Reporte de Contabilidad Social y Ambiental). Además de lo anterior mencionado, se presenta una esquematización paso a paso de las fases a seguir en el modelo propuesto como reporte de sostenibilidad ambiental y contable. Las conclusiones por su parte, señalan que se trata de un modelo viable, basado en modelos teóricos válidos y con los aspectos financieros, ambientales y legales acordes, el cual se puede mezclar a las necesidades y campo empresarial colombiano.
APPLICATION OF THE EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE (ELM) METHOD IN PREDICTING THE COMBINED STOCK PRICE INDEX (IHSG) IN INDONESIA
Authors: Nur Azizah Janad  , Junaidi  , Iman Setiawan
Published: August 2024

The stock market is one area that continues to attract the attention of investors and financial researchers. This research explores the application of the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) method to predict the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) in Indonesia. ELM is known for its fast learning capabilities with minimal prerequisite network architecture. In this research, three types of activation functions, namely Sigmoid, ReLU, and Tanh, are applied to ELM to compare their performance in predicting IHSG. Monthly IHSG data is used for model training and testing. Data preprocessing steps, such as dividing the data into Training and Test sets, are applied before feeding it into the model. Model performance was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and compared for each activation function. The research results show that each activation function has a different impact on the IHSG prediction performance. In this research, the ReLU activation function showed the best performance in predicting IHSG compared to other activation functions, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1 x 10-16. These results show that the model's predictive performance in estimating actual values is very good.
THE LEVEL OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON FOREST AND LAND REHABILITATION IN THE VILLAGE WISOLO SOUTH DOLO DISTRICTSIGI DISTRICT
Authors: Dhea Ardaeni Yasin
Published: August 2024

Forest and Land Rehabilitation (RHL) based on community participation is the key to successful forestry development. Community participation can be increased with community empowerment programs to achieve independence in Forest and Land Rehabilitation. This activity is an effort to motivate the growth of awareness and attention of all components of society to realize environmental improvements so that the function of forest resources can develop productively and optimally. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of community participation in the planning, implementation, utilization, monitoring, and evaluation stages of forest and land rehabilitation activities in Wisolo Village, South Dolo District, Sigi Regency. Study This uses method qualitative and quantitative descriptive Data collection was carried out through interview techniques using questionnaires and field surveys of respondents and information, determination respondents This is done in a way purposive sampling or technique taking sample data source with consideration certain ie the data source is considered to know best about what to expect. Based on the results of this research, there were 23 groups and communities involved in the rehabilitation of the Forest and Land in Wisolo Village. Based on the results, it shows that from 1 2 questions the average respondent's answer ranges from 75% - 88.043%, meaning participating - very participating, and the total of all over question whole as much as 83.96% which means (Highly Participate).
Exploring Contrasts: Depiction of Irish Rural Life in Yeats and Kavanagh
Authors:   University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Hashim Abdel Mohsen Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to investigate the depiction of Irish rural life in selected poems by W. B. Yeats and Patrick Kavanagh. Modern Irish poetry presents two contrasting perspectives on the portrayal of rural Ireland. Some poets like W. B. Yeats, Derek Mahon, and Seamus Heaney, along with other leading Irish poets, romanticize the Irish countryside, portraying it as charming, magnificent, and idyllic. These poets prefer to live in tune with nature, tempted by its pastoral landscape and inspired by its idealized tranquility. In contrast, other modern Irish poets, including Patrick Kavanagh, Eavan Boland, Michael Hartnett, and many others, reject this idealized vision of the countryside. Instead, they offer a stark portrayal of rural Ireland, exposing its harsh realities and revealing the poverty, struggles, and hardships encountered by Irish peasants. This article, accordingly, seeks to explore these two different literary traditions within modern Irish poetry, with a focus on W. B. Yeats and Patrick Kavanagh as representatives of opposing attitudes. Specifically, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” by W. B. Yeats and The Great Hunger by Patrick Kavanagh serve as the concentration for this study. In reaching its conclusions, the article finally reveals the divergent perspectives portrayed within the two poems, highlighting how Yeats and Kavanagh employ distinct poetic techniques to present their attitudes, sharply contrasting each other.
Project-based learning in English academic writing: Students’ and lecturer’s views, hindrances, and practical strategies
Authors: Atmojo Arief Eko Priyo , Hanifah Zahrotun
Published: August 2024

Despite a plethora of studies on project-based learning (PjBL) for teaching English academic writing in a higher education setting, it has remained underinvestigated in non-English department contexts, and students’ practical strategies to overcome hindrances have also been underexplored. This present study scrutinizes the views, hindrances, and practical strategies involved in the enactment of PjBL for teaching English academic writing in a non-English department setting. This study adopted a qualitative research method with a single-case study design. Three undergraduate students and one English academic writing lecturer were purposefully recruited as participants. Data were gathered through individual, semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data, and member checking was employed to ensure trustworthiness. The findings suggest that the students positively viewed the enactment of PjBL as very helpful although they had mixed opinions about whether the project should be carried out individually or in groups. Moreover, PjBL offers four advantages, including minimizing individual tasks, avoiding getting stuck, accomplishing the project in a well-planned manner, and engaging students more actively. Appropriate technological tools and teaching media are encouraged to be incorporated into PjBL. Although several hindrances related to teamwork and writing were encountered, the students attempted to overcome these hindrances with some practical strategies. Implications, limitations, and future studies are also discussed.
Does the single tuition fee affect students' academic performance? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Hasbana Arina , Fadhilah Evayani
Published: August 2024

The rise in tuition fees has become a prominent issue in Indonesian education, especially as of 2024. It is still a concern whether the increase in UKT has a relationship with student achievement. This study aimed to determine the differences in student academic achievement based on the single tuition fee (UKT) category and the impact of UKT on student academic achievement. The sample in the study comprised 3643 samples of data on single tuition fees and student cumulative grade point averages from 2021 to 2023. Employing one sample test, ANOVA test, and linear regression analysis, the results showed that students across all UKT categories, from UKT 1 to UKT 6, surpassed the quality target standard GPA of 3.60 at UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta. Second, the average GPA varied significantly across each category, indicating differing academic achievements among the UKT categories. Third, the UKT categories ranked from the highest to lowest score value are UKT Category 6, UKT Category 2, UKT Category 3, UKT Category 1, UKT Category 4, and UKT Category 5. Fourth, the study reveals that UKT does not impact the academic performance of students at UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, suggesting that other external factors not included in the study variables influence student academic achievement. Thus, increasing or decreasing UKT does not affect students’ academic achievement; instead, other external factors play a significant role in this.
Problem-based learning model with Smart Apps Creator media: Effect on students’ fraction problem-solving abilities
Authors: Malasari Fera Laila Nur , Andrijati Noening
Published: August 2024

Problem solving ability is one of the goals and important elements that students must master during the mathematics learning process. With this in mind, the aim of this research is to test the effectiveness of implementing the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Smart Apps Creator media in developing students' abilities in solving problems regarding fractions in class V. This research took the form of quasi-experiment with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The number of students who were the object of this research was 185 students from class V of SDN in Gugus Kenanga, central java province of Indonesia. The sampling method for this research was carried out using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection method were observations and test. The technique for data analysis was carried out using two techniques, namely quantitative analysis and inferential statistics. It was found that there was real difference in students’ ability to solve fraction problems between students who use the Problem Based Learning model using the Smart Apps Creator application and students who use the Problem Based Learning model without using media. From these findings, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence in using the Problem Based Learning model with the help of Smart Apps Creator media in developing the abilities of class V students.
Fenton-like oxidative degradation of orange G dye and binary dye mixtures using Oxone® activated with cobalt-doped alumina catalysts
Authors: Marinovic Sanja , Mudrinic Tihana , Ajdukovic Marija , Jovic-Jovicic Natasa , Nikolova Dimitrinka , Bankovic Predrag , Novakovic Tatjana
Published: August 2024

Two texturally and structurally different Co-doped aluminas were obtained by using the sol-gel method followed by calcination at temperatures of 1000?C and 1100?C. The obtained materials were tested as catalysts in anionic textile dye Orange G (OG) degradation using Oxone? as a precursor of sulfate anion radicals, the main reactive oxygen species. Effects of temperature and initial pH on degradation efficiency was investigated. The increase in temperature accelerated the reaction rate and the maximal degradation efficiency was obtained at 60?C. Different kinetic models were applied and pseudo-first order rate was found to be the most appropriate. Both catalysts showed the optimal performance in the pH range around neutral. Coexisting cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) enhanced the OG degradation rate, as well as anions: Cl? and H2PO4?, while NO3?, SO42?and HCO3? inhibited the degradation. The catalysts were also proved effective in degradation of the other investigated dyes: Methylene blue, Basic blue 41, and Remazol brilliant blue R. Finally, simultaneous degradation of OG in binary dye mixtures was investigated showing that the synthesized catalysts can be also used in simultaneous processes of dye degradation. However, differences in structural and textural properties of the two catalysts affected their catalytic performance.
Knee extensor muscle function before and after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament tear
Authors: Elmqvist LG , Lorentzon R , Johansson C , Långström M , Fagerlund M , Fugl-Meyer AR.
Published: August 2024

Knee extensor performance, in 17 subjects with chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, was investigated preoperatively and on four different occasions postoperatively, using isokinetic measurements and electromyography of single maximum and repetitive manoeuvres. Preoperatively maximum mechanical output was comparatively low (injured leg), deteriorating further by 50% at fourteen weeks postoperatively. Endurance also falls markedly. Thereafter knee-extensor performance improved successively, mostly during intensive training (14-20 weeks postoperatively) irrespective of the training programme used. After one year, maximum performance was still unequal but the injured leg had achieved the "normal" preoperative noninjured value. Fatiguability/endurance level improved over preoperative values. Muscular work/integrated EMG was stable while EMG/t increased. Twenty weeks postoperatively quadriceps area was decreased to 69%, cf. noninjured control. The early postoperative loss of performance was evidently caused by loss of muscle mass. Neuromuscular relearning appears to be a sizable factor in later recovery. Isokinetic training does not offer any specific advantage in the early muscular rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.
Consumption versus need of institutional care after femoral neck fracture
Authors: Alberts KA , Nilsson MH.
Published: August 2024

For 137 patients who sustained a femoral neck fracture domiciliary circumstances, ADL functional level and walking ability were recorded during a period of six months in 1983. At the time of injury 71% were living at home or in a so-called service apartment with medical and domestic facilities, and 28% in chronic care institutions (1% were transferred from other acute care units). Of the surviving patients 43% could return directly home or to a service apartment on discharge, 21% were transferred to an orthopedic rehabilitation facility, convalescent home, or other acute care unit, and 36% to chronic care institutions. At the 1-year as well as the 2-year follow-up 39% of the surviving patients were living in chronic care institutions. Analysis of the various parameters for patients having recourse to chronic care facilities at follow-up, showed that almost half of this group might be cared for at home. However, this will only be possible on condition that an extensive and effective home medical care system is developed as a complement to domestic assistance provided by public agencies. It is unrealistic to expect the incidence of patients needing chronic care facilities following femoral neck fracture to subside below a minimum of 20%.
Bone metabolism in hemiplegic patients
Authors: Van Ouwenaller C , Uebelhart D , Chantraine A.
Published: August 2024

Bone metabolism has been assessed in 36 hemiplegic patients (18-77 years), 26 with CVA and 10 with head injuries. The results show an increase of serum calcium and phosphorous levels in the first month as well as hydroxyprolinuria. The radiological examination showed signs of demineralisation, as well as single photon absorptiometry of both arms. Bone scan by 99Te demonstrated a hypercaptation in both paralysed limbs. From the 36 patients, 17 had a 47Ca kinetic study which showed an average of normal values as far as bone accretion (Vo+) is concerned. However, the two youngest patients (18 and 32 years) had a high value of this parameter. The urinary calcium excretion (Vu) and the fecal calcium excretion (Vf) was also increased in the 17 patients. The bone resorption measured by Vo- was also high at the beginning of the study and significantly decreased 12 months later. Our observations show that neurologic osteoporosis of the hemiplegic patient is related to an unbalance between the synthesis and the degradation of a bone whose metabolism is active. Related to the determination of the intramedullary pressure and intraosseous phlebography, it seems that this resorption is due to a venous stasis. This circulatory modification regime can influence cell differentiation and probably be responsible in a way for this osteoporosis.
Orthostatic tolerance training of stroke patients in general medical wards. An experimental study
Authors: Asberg KH.
Published: August 2024

In order to initiate early activation and counteract the negative effects of bed rest, 71 patients acutely admitted to hospital with a confirmed stroke were randomized to either training or control wards. Sixty-three persons participated in a first orthostatic tolerance test on days 5-7 after admission, which was replicated on days 10-12. A third test was performed three months later. Regular stand-ups were initiated on days 1-2 after admission to hospital and were continued for 1-2 weeks. The trained group had a lower increase in heart rate during tilting and a lower proportion of severely disabled patients on days 5-7 compared with the control group. This difference was statistically significant but cannot be proved to be a result from the regular stand-ups. Still, this minimum type of early activation can be recommended for acute stroke patients, mainly those with a cerebral infarction, who are able to cooperate with the nursing staff.
A wheelchair ergometer with a device for isokinetic torque measurement
Authors: Samuelsson K , Larsson H , Tropp H.
Published: August 2024

A wheelchair ergometer has been developed for the study of wheelchair work. At each propulsion the peak torque can be examined, and there is an opportunity to directly study angular amplitude, power output, work etc. The physical capacity of the subject as well as the importance of chair adjustments upon performance can be evaluated.
Isometric and isokinetic knee extension and flexion torque in men and women aged 20-70
Authors: Borges O.
Published: August 2024

An investigation was made of the influence of age and sex on peak muscle torque in knee extension and flexion during maximal isokinetic and isometric contraction. The study was performed on both legs of 139 clinically healthy men and 141 clinically healthy women aged 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or 70 years. Maximum knee extension and flexion muscle torque (Newtonmetre, Nm) was measured isokinetically at various angles of velocity (12, 90 and 150 degrees/s) and isometrically under standardized conditions (Cybex II). No significant differences were found between the right and the left leg in the whole material. Muscle torque was higher in men than in women in all age groups (p less than 0.001). Both isokinetic and isometric torque decreased with age in both sexes. Isokinetic torque decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) between 20 and 30 years of age in men and between 40 and 50 years of age in women (at all velocities studied; p less than 0.05). A significant decrease (p less than 0.05) was found between the ages of 60 and 70 years in both sexes. Maximum isometric torque showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) between 60 and 70 years in men and women. There were no significant differences in isokinetic or isometric torque between moderately active and inactive men or women. Significant correlations were found between muscle torque and body weight, height and body surface area.
Effects of continuous and pulsed microwave irradiation on distribution of heat in the gluteal region of minipigs. A comparative study
Authors: Conradi E , Pages IH.
Published: August 2024

Eleven experiments were conducted on minipigs for the purpose of determining heat distribution in tissue exposed to therapeutic doses of microwaves. Temperatures were measured by means of coated thermocouples from the cutis, subcutis, musculature, and periost. Irradiation was applied to intensities of 10 W, 40 W and 60 W by means of a "Radarmed 12 S 251" circular emitter and to 60 W, 100 W and 140 W, using a trough emitter. Maximum temperature in superficial tissue layers was reached after five to ten minutes of microwave exposure. The temperature rise in the cutis and subcutis was steeper and at a higher rate than that in the muscles. Continuation of microwave irradiation did not cause any further rise in temperature, which was attributed to induction of hyperaemia. No difference regarding heat distribution was found to exist between pulsed and continuous irradiation at equal wattage.
Trunk muscle strength and back muscle endurance in construction workers with and without low back disorders
Authors: Holmström E Moritz U
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that male workers exposed to heavy work and with no lifetime history of a low back disorder (group A) have better trunk muscle strength and back muscle endurance compared to male workers with the same work exposure but with a probable (group B) or definite low back disorder (group C). Group A (n = 42) was clinically negative on physical examination. Group B (n = 75) was clinically negative or uncertain and group C (n = 86) was clinically positive, with current or previous low back disorders occurring in both groups. Group A had a significantly higher mean intraindividual extension/flexion ratio, namely 1.29 versus 1.19, in group C. The mean values for maximum isometric trunk extension and flexion strength did not differ between the groups. The isometric trunk extensor endurance was significantly lower in group C than in both group A and group B.
Stroke rehabilitation in Stockholm. Basis for late intervention in patients living at home
Authors: Widén-Holmqvist L , De Pedro-Cuesta J , Holm M , Sandström B , Hellblom A , Stawiarz L , Bach-y-Rita P.
Published: August 2024

In order to identify the basis of late-therapy intervention in patients with stroke, we studied a population-based sample of 20 patients. The requests were that they should be living at home 1-3 years after being hospitalized, and that they had declared themselves in need of rehabilitation services. The assessment of abilities and activities of the patients was related to the model of human occupation developed by Kielhofner and co-workers. Most individuals reported a change in activity and interest patterns after stroke, and high motivation in current activities. The cognitive functions were within normal limits for all tested patients. However, the motor abilities and verbal performances were frequently affected and varied considerably. About 3/4 of the patients were not motivated to change their level of dependence in personal and instrumental ADL. Social and leisure activities outside the home were identified as the most promising goals for community-based rehabilitation programmes. Focusing on such activities, potential improvement in quality of life for this population could be achieved by individually-planned rehabilitation programmes using non-professional collaborators and patient organizations.
Vertical ground reaction force feedback to enhance stroke patients' symmetrical body-weight distribution while rising/sitting down
Authors: Engardt M , Ribbe T , Olsson E.
Published: August 2024

A force platform with an auditory output consisting of two electronic balances was used to reinforce symmetrical body-weight distribution in stroke patients. Forty patients randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group practised rising and sitting down for 15 min, thrice daily, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The experimental group but not the control group received ground reaction force feedback through the auditory output. Vertical ground reaction forces under each foot were measured with two force plates. Mean difference in improvement of body weight distribution on the paretic leg was 13.2 +/- 10.7 (M, SD) per cent total body weight in the experimental group and 5.1 +/- 6.7 per cent in the control group in rising (p < 0.01) and 12.7 +/- 7.5 per cent total body weight and 4.6 +/- 6.6 per cent in sitting down tests (p < 0.001). The patients in the experimental group achieved in average close to a symmetrical body-weight distribution while rising and sitting down. Improvements in physical performance and sit-stand tests were greater in the experimental group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). No differences were seen in improvement in performance of activities of daily living. Symmetry in body-weight distribution in rising and sitting down correlated with high scores in physical performance, motor function in rising, and with functional ability.
The influence of isometric hip adduction on quadriceps femoris activity
Authors: Hodges PW , Richardson CA.
Published: August 2024

In the treatment of muscle imbalances around the knee, hip adduction and the contraction of adductor magnus have been used to facilitate vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) to a greater extent than vastus lateralis (VL). This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of this technique. Hip adduction was superimposed onto the contraction of quadriceps femoris in a weight bearing (WB) and a non-weight bearing (NWB) position at three levels of hip adduction force. The muscle activity of VMO and VL was recorded using electromyography with the ratio of the recordings of VMO to VL used for comparison. The activity of VMO compared with VL was greater in WB than NWB without hip adduction. VMO activity increased relatively more than VL with the addition of each level of hip adduction in WB and only with maximal hip adduction in NWB. The results provide support for the use of this technique.
Rehabilitation after coronary bypass surgery: coping strategies predict metabolic improvement and return to work
Authors: Agren B , Rydén O , Johnsson P , Nilsson-Ehle P.
Published: August 2024

Thirty-six consecutive male patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery were investigated before and repeatedly up to 5 years after surgery. We followed the patients' physical capacity, dietary and exercise habits, mood, perception of health and return to work. Discriminant analysis identified four variables from the preoperative interview and the psychological tests which correctly classified 22 out of 24 patients into either metabolic responders--who were characterized by favourable changes in their lipoprotein profile, related to a successful clinical outcome--or non-responders. Responders were found to acknowledge subjective, emotional aspects of their situation whereas non-responders minimised their disease. Six preoperative variables successfully predicted the classification of all but one patient into full-time workers or not, one year after surgery. Full-time workers were more frequent among minimizers. The results suggest that whereas minimising of disease is adaptive in a short-term perspective, acknowledgement may be successful in the long run.
Pulsed ultrasound treatment of the painful shoulder a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Nykänen M.
Published: August 2024

To study the effect of pulsed ultrasound in shoulder pains, 35 patients were treated with pulsed ultrasound and 37 patients with placebo ultrasound in a double-blind design. The therapy was given during inpatient rehabilitation, 10-12 treatments over 3-4 weeks. Treatment time was 10 minutes, frequency 1.0mHz, on-off ratio 1:4 and intensity 1.0w/cm2. Follow-ups were done after 4-12 months. No differences (p < 0.05) in outcomes were found between the groups after the treatment period or at follow-ups. These results discourage the adding of pulsed ultrasound therapy with the variables used to the conservative treatment of the painful shoulder.
Physical performance, pain, pain behavior and subjective disability in patients with subacute low back pain
Authors: Lindström I , Ohlund C , Nachemson A.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this paper was to study the physical performance, pain, pain behavior and disability in patients with subacute low back pain (LBP). The patients were blue-collar workers and had been sick-listed for 8 weeks due to subacute low back pain. A total of 103 patients were randomized, 51 of them to the intervention group and the other to a control group. Recordings of physical performance and complaints of LBP were done before and after treatment in the intervention group. The proportion of patients with no complaints of LBP was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group at the one-year follow-up. The patients who intra-individually improved their physical performance also intra-individually decreased their complaints of LBP. The intra-individual improvements were suggested to be important for the individual return to work.
Multimodal treatment to prevent the late whiplash syndrome
Authors: Provinciali L , Baroni M , Illuminati L , Ceravolo MG.
Published: August 2024

In order to assess the long-term efficacy of a multi-modal rehabilitation approach on whiplash injury, 60 patients were recruited within two months after neck injury. They were randomly allocated either to an experimental multimodal treatment (A) consisting of postural training, manual technique and psychological support or to a control treatment (B), using physical agents only, such as electrical and sonic modalities. Pain level, range of movement, self-rating scale of treatment efficacy and return-to-work delay were evaluated before and at the end of treatment, and later, 30 and 180 days after randomisation. The benefit obtained with treatment "A" was greater and longer lasting than that experienced using "B", despite the fact that the same benefit was obtained in joint mobility in the two groups. Patients undergoing the experimental treatment returned to their usual occupations sooner than the controls. The results seem to confirm the hypothesis of a multifactorial involvement as a possible mechanism for the late whiplash syndrome.
Isokinetic performance capacity of trunk muscles. Part I: The effect of repetition on measurement of isokinetic performance capacity of trunk muscles among healthy controls and two different groups of low-back pain patients
Authors: Hupli M , Hurri H , Luoto S , Sainio P , Alaranta H.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this investigation was to assess the reproducibility of the isokinetic trunk muscle performance measurement among patients with different degrees of low-back pain. Twenty-two healthy volunteers, 20 patients with mild and 18 patients with severe low-back pain participated in isokinetic measurements. Lidoback isokinetic dynamometer was used. The measurements were performed with the subjects standing, using velocities of 60, 90 and 120 degrees/second. Five repetitions were performed at each velocity. All subjects were tested three times with a 1-week interval between the tests. Peak torque, average peak torque, coefficient of variation, total work done and peak torque to body weight ratio were calculated for each velocity for both flexion and extension. The results showed that in every measurement peak torque, average peak torque, peak torque to body weight ratio and total work done correlated with each other very strongly both in flexion and extension (r > or = 0.9). The average peak torques increased in further measurements. The change had a strong correlation with the severity of the back problem, which was evaluated by means of the Oswestry disability index. The critical value was found to be 20% in the Oswestry index: values above this meant big changes between measurements and values below this meant small changes between measurements.
Predictive validity of the Sødring Motor Evaluation of Stroke Patients (SMES)
Authors: Wyller TB , Sødring KM , Sveen U , Ljunggren AE , Bautz-Holter E.
Published: August 2024

The Sødring Motor Evaluation of Stroke Patients (SMES) has been developed as an instrument for the evaluation by physiotherapists of motor function and activities in stroke patients. The predictive validity of the instrument was studied in a consecutive sample of 93 acute stroke patients, assessed in the acute phase and after one year. The outcome measures were: survival, residence at home or in institution, the Barthel ADL index (dichotomized at 19/20), and the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) (dichotomized at 9/10). The SMES, scored in the acute phase, demonstrated a marginally significant predictive power regarding survival, but was a highly significant predictor regarding the other outcomes. The adjusted odds ratio for a good versus a poor outcome for patients in the upper versus the lower tertile of the SMES arm subscore was 5.4 (95% confidence interval 0.9-59) for survival, 11.5 (2.1-88) for living at home, 86.3 (11-infinity) for a high Barthel score, and 31.4 (5.2-288) for a high FAI score. We conclude that SMES has high predictive validity.
Auditory feedback regulation of perturbed stance in stroke patients
Authors: Petersen H , Magnusson M , Johansson R , Fransson PA.
Published: August 2024

The effect of auditory input on impaired postural control perturbations was evaluated in two groups of stroke patients participating in a rehabilitation programme after a recent (< 12 months) and single episode of stroke, or less recent (> 12 months), and multiple episodes of stroke. Auditory input took the form of feedback signals generated by the forces actuated by the feet on a force platform in response to the patient's postural movements. Vibratory stimuli applied to the calf muscles induced sudden perturbations which the patients had to counteract to maintain an upright stance. The effect of auditory feedback in facilitating the maintenance of stance was measured in terms of sagittal torque variance (body sway) recorded on a force platform. In the presence of auditory feedback, body torque variance in response to perturbed posture was significantly reduced in the recent stroke group, whereas in the less recent stroke group the auditory feedback did not prove effective. Moreover, learning seems essential to utilize the auditory feedback.
Pain is a major determinant of impaired performance in standardized active motor tests. A study in patients with fracture of the proximal humerus
Authors: Solem-Bertoft E , Lundh I , Westerberg CE.
Published: August 2024

We have followed the recovery of motor performance and the subsidence of pain for one year in 12 patients after fracture of the proximal humerus. Performance scores during standardized active motor tests were recorded 3, 8, 16, 24, and 52 weeks after injury, and the pain ratings during each of three manoeuvres were assessed on a modified Borg verbal scale. The manoeuvres were: Hand in Neck, Hand in Back, and Pour out of a Pot. In a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained 3 weeks after injury, significant correlations were found between movement-induced pain and impairment of performance in all three tests. A multivariate analysis indicated a strong association between decreasing pain and increasing performance and this was significant after elimination of the influence of healing as measured by time. In contrast, the association between time and increasing performance, after eliminating of the influence of decreasing pain, was weak and non-significant. It is concluded that pain is a major determinant of impaired performance after fracture of the proximal humerus, and that performance scores in standardized active motor tests are inversely correlated with the amount of movement-induced pain.
Some biomechanical consequences of varying foot placement in sit-to-stand in young women
Authors: Shepherd RB , Koh HP.
Published: August 2024

The position in which the feet are placed prior to the start of sit-to-stand affects the distance to be moved by the body mass forward over the feet. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three foot placements, back, preferred and forward, on biomechanical features of the action. Six subjects were videotaped standing up from a seat with feet on a forceplate. XY coordinates and forceplate data were synchronised and kinematic and kinetic variables analysed. A forward foot placement significantly affected both the pre-extension and extension phases of the action. Under this condition, it was evident that body mass was moved the greater distance horizontally: i) by increasing the speed and amplitude of trunk flexion; and ii) by increasing the time over which the shank rotated forward at the ankle. Vertical movement of body mass was achieved largely by a 50% increase in peak moment of force at the hip. It is concluded that a forward foot placement would adversely affect the ease of standing up for individuals with leg muscle weakness and poor motor control. Since the altered biomechanical characteristics may place additional strain on the hip, patients should be cautioned to avoid standing up with feet forward after hip replacement surgery.