bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcificação pulpar interna em dente de paciente idoso: relato de caso
Authors: Santiago Evalda Santana Reis , Silva Tatiane Mandu , Rosales Sandra Stephanie da Silva , E Silva Clelia Alice Tourinho de Melo , Batista Maria Luiza Paes Barreto dos Santos , De Paiva Ana Carolina Reis , Ribeiro Isabel do Nascimento , Braga Jaynne Aragão Maria , Furtado Flávia Lobato , De Souza Douglas Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um relato de caso clínico em um paciente idoso atendido na clínica Odontogeriátrica em uma Universidade no estado do Pará na cidade de Belém, o qual apresentava calcificação interna do dente 47. Detalhamento do caso: Trata-se de um caso de calcificação pulpar causada pelo processo de envelhecimento, comprovado por radiografia periapical: paciente de 70 anos, gênero masculino, o qual apresentava o dente 47 com uma restauração metálica fundida extensa mesio-oclusal, e fistula vestibular à altura da bifurcação das raízes. Foram feitos tratamentos endodônticos no filete radicular da raiz distal, curetagem da fistula sob anestesia local, restauração provisória e prescrição medicamentosa   de acordo com a necessidade clínica do paciente. Considerações finais: Podemos concluir sobre o relato que há uma necessidade de os cirurgiões dentistas buscarem maior conhecimento sobre alterações bucais causadas pelo envelhecimento, para que possam por meio de diagnóstico comprovado indicar tratamentos mais conservadores em dentes calcificados.
Enfermagem no cuidado paliativo a criança com leucemia
Authors: Ferreira Valéria Lélis da Silva , De Siqueira Daniela Brito , Dos Santos Joice Pinheiro , De Paulo Katiúscia Oliveira , E Santos Larissa dos Santos , Alves Letícia de Souza , Ferreira Mirela Kely de Souza , Da Costa Rodolfo Fernandes Oliveira , Trindade Thiago Augusto Batista , Lopes Graciana de Sousa
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Descrever através de uma revisão narrativa a atuação da enfermagem no cuidado paliativo a criança com leucemia, identificar ações voltadas para a melhora da qualidade de vida e da criança com leucemia, relatar a pratica no cuidado paliativo a criança portadora de leucemia. Revisão Bibliográfica: os cuidados paliativos são ferramentas utilizadas na abordagem voltada para a melhoria da qualidade de vida de paciente e de seus familiares acerca de questões que envolvem doença terminal, preconizando a prevenção e o alívio do sofrimento, reconhecendo, analisando e tratando tanto a dor como outros problemas de cunho físico, psicossocial e espiritual. Essa metodologia propõe uma alteração no modelo de cuidado aos pacientes terminais, mudando paradigmas que curabilidade para o cuidado em si, os quais não tem objetivo de curar, mas sim de trazer um conforto ao paciente e a família dele. Considerações Finais: Os cuidados paliativos têm o objetivo de minimizar o sofrimento do indivíduo frente a uma doença sem chances de cura, grarantido qualidade de vida, conforto e dignidade ao paciente, o enfermeiro que atua nos cuidados paliativos da criança com câncer precisa orientar tanto o paciente quanto a sua família sobre os cuidados a serem feitos.
Estratégias atuais utilizadas para o ensino da empatia na graduação médica: revisão sistemática
Authors: Moura Eliane Perlatto , Moura Tatiana Perlatto , Cordeiro Júlia Coutinho , Chaves Thayná de Freitas , Peixoto Aline Barbosa , Peixoto José Maria
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre estratégias atuais utilizadas para o ensino da empatia na graduação médica. Métodos: Pesquisou-se artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Eric. Descritores: (Empathy) AND (Teaching or academic training or educational technic or educational technics or teaching method or teaching methods) AND (Medical student or medical students or student, medical). Foram incluídos artigos publicados em inglês ou português; a partir de 2016; com estudantes de medicina; e palavra “Empatia” no título. Os dados foram extraídos por dois revisores de forma independente, considerando-se: nome do artigo, ano/ país da publicação, amostra, intervenção utilizada, instrumento de avaliação da empatia, resultados e conclusão. Resultados: 16 artigos selecionados classificados em: “Arte” - teatro, literatura, cinema e interpretação de imagens; “Reflexão” atividades reflexivas grupais ou individuais sobre uma consulta médica; “Curso de Comunicação” incluiu cursos ou workshops sobre comunicação empática; “Interação com o Paciente” interação com pacientes reais, virtuais, atores ou por meio de role-play; e “Tecnologia” com estratégias virtuais. Considerações Finais: A empatia é passível de ser ensinada, sendo as estratégias mais efetivas aquelas que abordam os aspectos emocionais e cognitivos. Métodos de ensino combinados e longitudinais sugerem ser mais benéficos para a consolidação do aprendizado.
Naringin and 5-fluorouracil suppress inflammatory Cytokines in human skin cancer cell line
Authors: Deepa Suruli  , Fathima Bushra Sheriff Mirza  , Gloria Jemmi Christobel R  , Amuthavalli Kottaiswamy  , Shila Samuel  , Vijayaraghavan Radhakrishnan
Published: February 2021

Naringin is a citrus flavonoid recently studied for anti-inflammatory activity in numerous cancer cells. In this study, the anti-inflammatory properties of naringin along with 5-fluorouracil in human skin cancer cell lines A375 was analyzed. A375 cells were treated with naringin, 5-fluorouracil alone, and combination. MTT assay and cell viability assays was demonstrated to detect the inhibitory effects of naringin or 5-fluorouracil on cell proliferation. mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and NFκB were determined using quantitative RT-PCR.  The effect of naringin and 5-fluorouracil combination significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of the A375 cells in a concentration dependent manner with the IC50 values of naringin (24.75 μM) 5-fluorouracil (2.5 μM). The combination of naringin+5-fluorouracil on A375 cell lines at a concentration of half IC50 values (12µM+1 μM). Naringin and 5-fluorouracil combination also decreased the level of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and NFκB mRNA in the A375 cell line. Naringin and 5-fluorouracil exerted anti-inflammatory effect through the suppression of NF-kB, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 in A375 cells. Taken together, our results suggested that treating A375 with naringin and 5-fluorouracil combination may have future applications in treating skin cancers through its anti-inflammatory effect.
HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE HAVING SILICA FUME AND METAKAOLIN AS A LIMITED REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT
Authors: Khan Adeed
Published: February 2021

The reason for this investigation is to create HPC using locally accessible ingredients in Pakistan. The trial study incorporates the utilization of silica fume and Metakaolin mostly. The mixture of preliminaries is made utilizing various volumes of the local supplementary cementitious materials SCM and aggregates to deliver HPC. Different tests are carried out, for example, compressive strength, Rapid chloride Penetration test and Concrete cured in dilute sulphuric acid solution are assessed. The water to cement proportion was kept as .5. Every concrete samples have 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent cement replacing with metakaolin and silica fume halfway. The compression strength tests are done on 28 and 90 days of cured specimens. The rapid chloride permeability test and compressive strength on the concrete cylinder when place in dilute sulphuric acid solution is done after 28 days. The outcomes appeared by utilizing MK and SF in concrete improves the mechanical properties of the concrete with different degrees up to some level. The compressive quality of the concrete cylinder is maxed on 15% cement replacing with SCM. At 5% MK and SF cement replacement the strength of the concrete samples cured in dilute H2SO4 after 28 days shows rising in the result and its strength decreases at 10% cement replacement with SCMs than its strength increased again and gives max compressive strength with 15% replacement then strength reduces again at 20% cement additional with MK and SF moderately. The charge passing rate is maxed for normal concrete samples of RCPT. There is an inverse relationship between the charge passage and cement replacement. The Charge passage is decreased by increasing the quantity of cement additional with SCMs. 20% cement additional has the least charge level and is the best mix among all.
Serafim A. Shenkov — The Man Truly in Love with His Metier
Authors: Shchenkov A. S.
Published: February 2021

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In Continuing of the Best Traditions
Authors: Dvoretskaya V. V. , Mel’nik M. V.
Published: February 2021

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Vladimir I. Podolskiy — The Accounting Profession Father
Authors: Sotnikova L. V.
Published: February 2021

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Yodo, Bocio y Cretinismo endémicos en la región Andina del Ecuador
Authors: Benitez Rodrigo , Degroot Leslie , Paredes Mario , Pañafiel Wilson
Published: February 2021

An inventory of the total population of isolated rural villages of the most affected Ecuadorian Andean provinces by endemic goiter was made. In each of these villages iodine content in urine, salt and water was determined. It was conclusive that the chronic iodine deficiency is sine qua non condition for the endemic; but the severity of the endemic; but the severity of the endemic doesn’t have relationship with the magnitude of the lack, rather due to the intercourse of socio-economic and biological intercurrent deficitary factors. Even with the iodine deficiency and the intercourse of the communities located more than 3,500 m, adove sea level, did not present goiter with endemic characteristics. The severity of the endemic was determined to be correlated with: incidence of nodular goiters, in the general population in the first two decades of life, presence of big goiters, incidence of goiters mean in the relation to that in woman. All of wich is epidemiologically related to the incidence of defects that would begin appearing in endemic form in a community, and in accord to the severity would follow the following order of appearing in the endemic form in a community, and in accord to the severity would follow the following order od appearance: motor abnormalities, mental deficiency, deafmutism, deafness and mutism. Finally, a familiar tendency was clearly demonstrated so that a cretin child would be born, and no relationship, on familial level, between incidence and type of goiter and the appearance.
Comparisons of Composite Girder Bridge Designs in the World by Benchmark
Authors: Toma Shouji , Maeda Jun-Ya
Published: February 2021

The benchmark design project has been proposed in IABSE 2007 Symposium in Weimar, Germany for a simply-supported composite girder highway bridge, in which the design criteria are provided for engineers to follow. There are two types of designs in the project: Design A is a free design in which only three fundamental criteria are given, and Design B is a conditional design in which additional ten criteria are provided. Ten designs from the world have participated to the project and are compared in the present paper. Each design follows the same given criteria but different design standards, and thus reflects the design policy in each country. It is interesting that the design in each country shows quite different features in many means. From the comparisons engineers will learn different perspective views in bridge design.
Case Study: The Need to Improve Specifications to Ensure Quality Control in Galvanized Steel
Authors: Mah Andrew D. , Medhekar Manoj
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a case study where the silicon content of the steel for a Structural Plate Corrugated Steel Pipe (SPCSP) was outside of specifications resulting in a product that developed defects in the galvanizing which mimicked a potentially serious problem. This paper describes the defect’s presentation, the investigation process, and illustrates how a single small defect can elude several levels of quality control inspections to cause a severe problem. Despite the various quality control inspections, the defect went undetected until the material had already been assembled into the final constructed product. It was found that existing specifications did not provide any guidance on the appearance of the galvanized surface and as such, the quality inspectors at each step of the quality control process had no indication to be concerned or any basis for rejection. It is proposed that existing specifications be modified to provide guidelines to address this issue.
The Brazilian Standard for Seismic Design: General Aspects and Seismological Basis
Authors: Santos Sergio H. C. , De Souza Lima Silvio
Published: February 2021

The Brazilian territory presents generally low seismicity. Two regions are exceptions, with non- negligible seismicity: part of the Brazilian Northeast and part of the Brazilian Northwest. Due to this low seismicity, up to 2006 Brazil was practically the only South-American country without a seismic design standard. In this year, the first Brazilian Standard for Seismic Design was issued. The available seismological data and the studies performed for defining the probabilistic distribution functions of seismic magnitudes, in several Brazilian regions, are reviewed herein. The considered probabilistic analyses performed for the definition of the nominal values of horizontal accelerations are also presented. Equal probability design spectra are generated and compared with the ones defined in the standard. Some other aspects of the standard, such as, definition of the seismic design spectra and the allowed methods of analysis are also commented.
A Comparative Study on Viaduct Structure around New High-speed Railway Stations
Authors: Yan Bin , Dai Gonglian
Published: February 2021

Based on study of three new viaducts in Wuhan, Guangzhou and Yueqing Station, a series of aspects have been compared, including structural system, cross-sectional form, force characteristics, construction methods and period, operation maintenance, appearance modelling and material consumption. Then, three representative bridge forms have been analyzed, including prestressed concrete beam bridge, steel bridge and hollow slab beam bridge. The railway station Viaducts are characterized by a series of unique designs. Part of the conclusions has certain reference significance to the choice of an elevated bridge structure. Some of the problems reflected should be a high priority during bridge design.
Numerical Approach to Structural Performance Assessment of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Saito Shigehiko
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a reliable method for assessing structural performance of reinforced concrete structures. A spring network model, which is one of the discrete-type numerical approaches, is used to predict current structural performance of deteriorated reinforced concrete structures due to steel corrosions. The influence of corrosion distribution of steel reinforcing bars on flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams is studied. The numerical results indicates that the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beams with steel corrosion depends on the minimum cross sectional area of corroded steel bars, and ductility of beams is strongly influenced by the condition of bond deterioration between concrete and steel bars.
Decision Method on Reasonable Design State of Self-anchored Suspension Bridge with Spatial Cables
Authors: Li Chuanxi , Ke Hongjun , Gao Xing , Zhang Yuping , Dong Chuangwen , Zeng Minghua
Published: February 2021

According to the inherent requirements of self-anchored suspension bridge with spatial cables subjected to loads, the global flow to determine its reasonable design state is clarified. Proceeding from that the internal force state (especially bending moments) of the girder should be reasonable, the method to calculate the vertical component force of hanger is obtained. Based on both the fundamental analytical equations of spatial main cable shape-finding and the method to calculate the vertical component force of hanger, the specific procedure and approach to find the shape of spatial main cable and to calculate the parameters of hanger in the reasonable design state are developed with ensuring the convergence. According to the condition that the hanger in the reasonable design state only inclines in the cross direction, the recursive formula to calculate the line shape change stiffness of spatial cable are deduced. Thus, the highly efficient and precise method with clear route and definite conception is established, which is convenient for programming and deciding the reasonable design state of self-anchored suspension bridge with spatial cables. The efficiency and accuracy of the method in this paper has been well demonstrated by the case study on the Hangzhou Jiangdong Bridge.
REPRESENTATION OF HISTORY: CONTEMPORARY ART IN MUSEUMS OF CONSCIENCE
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Mironova Tat'yana Yu.
Published: February 2021

Contemporary art more and more actively interacts with the nonartistic museums. For instance, biological, historical as well as anthropological museums become spaces for contemporary art exhibitions or initiate collaborative projects. This process seeks to link different types of materials to make the interaction successful. Thus, several questions appear: can we talk about interaction, if the museum becomes a place for the exhibition devoted to the topics of history, ethnography or biology? Does any appearance of contemporary art in the museum territory become a part of intercultural dialogue? And how do we assess and analyze the process of interaction between these two spheres? Among nonartistic museums working with contemporary art the museums of conscience appear to be one of the most interesting. This type of museums is quite new – it developed in 1990s when the International Coalition of Sites of Coscience was created and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum was founded. The interaction between contemporary art and museums of conscience starts to develop in the context of changing attitudes towards historical memory as well as widening the notion of museums. In this situation museums need new instruments for educational and exhibitional work. Contemporary artists work with the past through personal memories and experience, when museums turn to documents and artifacts. So, their collaboration connects two different optics: artistic and historical. Thus, it is possible to use the Michel Foucault term dispositif to analyze the collaboration between artists and museums. Foucault defines the dispositif as a link between different elements of the system as well as optics that makes us to see and by that create the system. The term allows us to connect the questions of exhibition work with philosophical and historical issues when we analyze the projects in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Yad Vashem and Auschwitz-Birkenau.
SEARCH AND PUNISHMENT OF "THIEVES” AND “ROBBERS” IN THE LEGAL CULTURE OF THE PERIOD OF THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH PETROVNA
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Chirskova Irina M.
Published: February 2021

Based on the analysis of the legislative sources of the Russian Empire in the middle of the 18th century, the article examines important aspects of the formation of legal culture during the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. This was expressed in the introduction of special state measures aimed at detecting and punishing robbery, plundering the treasury, causing damage to trade and means of communication. During the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, a system of state measures to combat “thieves” and “robbers” took shape, and the responsibility of local authorities for the search and capture of “villains” significantly increased. Since the empress abolished the death penalty, the concept of “political death”, which had been used earlier, acquired special significance in the system of state legislation. New legislative measures were aimed at raising the status of government representatives – detectives, the legitimacy of the investigation procedure, toughening penalties for violation of public order, and saving public funds. However, as the documents show, during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, the state power was never able to achieve significant results in this area, as evidenced by the recurrence of imperial decrees and the ascertaining of new violations in them.
Ekonomi-Politik Yönleriyle Karşılaştırmalı Roman Analizi: Gazap Üzümleri, Demirciler Çarşısı Cinayeti ve Yusufçuk Yusuf
Authors: ŞEKER Aziz , ÖZCAN Emre
Published: February 2021

Toplumsal gerçekliğin çözümlenmesini, tarihsel-toplumsal dönüşümlerin bireylerde yarattığı etkiler üzerinden ele alan romanlar edebiyat sosyolojisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu etkilerin neredeyse tüm boyutlarıyla irdelenmesi, ilgili romanların ve yazarlarının çok daha özgün ve değerli bir konuma yerleşmesine sebep olmaktadır. Tarihsel-toplumsal dönüşümlerin her bir coğrafyada kendine içkin farklı koşullarda açığa çıkması, o romanların evrensel niteliğinden ödün verilmesi sonucunu doğurmamaktadır. Her ne kadar coğrafyalar farklı olsa da bu romanların okurda hissettirdiği temel şey, insanların sosyo-ekonomik ve politik yapıyla olan etkileşiminin gücüdür. Bu gücü aktarmak, her zaman için toplumsal yapı ile birey arasındaki belirleyen-belirlenen şeklindeki tek taraflı bir ilişkiden çıkmakla alakalıdır. Ancak ve ancak bu gerçekleştiğinde insanların, toplumsal yapı üzerindeki değişim iradesini nasıl ortaya koyduğu anlaşılabilmektedir. Bu iradeyi edebiyat sosyolojisinde en güçlü şekilde serimleyen yazarların başında John Steinbeck ve Yaşar Kemal gelmektedir. Birbirinden oldukça uzak coğrafyalarda benzer temalarda buluşan her iki yazar da üretim ilişkilerindeki dönüşümleri ve bu dönüşümlerin bireyler üzerindeki sonuçlarını, onların değişim iradesine olan inancıyla çevreleyerek ortaya koymaktadır. Steinbeck, Gazap Üzümleri’nde Kaliforniya’da kapitalistleşmenin etkilerini Joad ailesi üzerinden ortaya koyarken Yaşar Kemal, Demirciler Çarşısı Cinayeti ve Yusufçuk Yusuf romanlarında Derviş ve Mustafa karakterleriyle aynı yöntemi Çukurova için geçerli kılmaktadır. Toplumsal dönüşüme dair umut ise Peder Casy, Arzuhalci Ali ve Demirci Mustafa üzerinden vurgulanmaktadır.

Tüm bunlardan hareketle bu çalışmada, Steinbeck’in Gazap Üzümleri ile Yaşar Kemal’in Akçasazın Ağaları’nın iki cildini oluşturan Demirciler Çarşısı Cinayeti ve Yusufçuk Yusuf romanları ekonomi-politik yönleriyle karşılaştırılarak incelenmektedir. Bu karşılaştırma, üretim ilişkilerindeki dönüşümlerin toplumsal ve kültürel sonuçlarını ortaya koyarak gerçekleştirilmektedir.
IMMEDIATE APPLY COST-EFFECTIVE EASILY PREPARABLE-AVAILABLE 21STCENTURY POTENTIAL-AYURVEDIC-HERBAL-INTEGRATIVE-MEDICINAL-VACCINE OF COVID-19: ACHIEVED AGRICULTURE HEALTHCARE-SOCIO-ECONOMY SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY COMMUNICATION MECHANISM!
Authors: Datta Subhas Chandra
Published: February 2021

The 5th epidemic-COVID-19 spreads all around the world forming total change of the world health, education, research, travel, socioeconomic, and human civilization, and the proper potential vaccine still unknown for the future efficacy of reinfection outbreaks of the vaccinated peoples with manufacturing capacity for the whole world population including new variant also. The poor marginalized society, aged people, street -children, and -animals, are not able to manage and purchase vaccines. And the pandemic must be controlled or managed by every nation; otherwise, a globe is at risk of further outbreaks, and India with the whole world develop a policy to overcome the pandemic-COVID-19. India emphasis on consumption of vegetable as the preventive traditional-ayurvedic-medicines against many naturally-infected-diseases of man, animals and plants caused by various-pathogens, remarkably reducing agricultural productions. The various-pesticides reduce the plant-diseases, but it is not cost-effective and environment-friendly. The present treatment confirms the flowering-meristems of wormwoods-Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp, prepared or developed the ayurvedic-medicine, dissolved in germfree-tap-water applying foliar-spray against plant-diseases, and the molecular-weight of soluble-root-proteins were determined.  The recent treatment confirms once again that the ayurvedic-medicines-prepared from the flowering-meristems of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp are very much effective in controlling different-plant-pathogens caused many-diseases, synthesizing many new PR-proteins (pathogenesis-related-protein), boosting their response of defense naturally against pathogens, and increased growth of plants and protein-content, by confirming the “Immediate Apply Cost-Effective Easily Preparable-Available 21stCentury Potential-Ayurvedic-Herbal-Integrative-Medicinal-Vaccine of COVID-19: Achieved Agriculture Healthcare-Socio-Economy Science Technology Communication Mechanism with Clinical, Physical, Chemical, Biological, Physiological, and Molecular Weight”, by boosting-immunity. And it will be best side-effect-free potential-ayurvedic-COVID-19-Vaccine due to an ultra-diluted-low-dose, and globally develop all aspects in the scientific-basis of the ayurvedic-biomedicines, and it is thought that the present problems of the civilization of human will soon be overcome as early as possible retaining whole world in the new-normal or old-forms against the COVID-19.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND PERFORMANCE OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CALCINED KAOLIN AND SILICA FUME PARENTAGE ADDITION
Authors: Elahi Kamar , Gupta Harsh
Published: February 2021

The article is presenting the various type of strength like as compressive and tensile strength during the time of 7 and 28 days. The specimen ore making as 15cm X 15cm X 15cm size for the testing purpose which is depending on the aggregate size. The results are show that strength performances of concrete with durability aspect are improved using Silica fume parentage addition.
Detection of B1 gene as Toxoplasmosis marker in women of childbearing age in West Bandung Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Naully Patricia Gita , Supendi Selvi Anggraeni
Published: February 2021

Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause damage and death to the fetus, to prevent this case, toxoplasmosis testing is important for the woman of childbearing age. One of the methods to screening the presence of T. gondii in the blood is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). One of the T. gondii genes which can be used as a marker is the B1 gene. There are many toxoplasmosis cases in Indonesia, but the data is still difficult to find in West Bandung Regency. This study aimed to determine the number of toxoplasmosis cases in a woman of childbearing age in West Bandung Regency using the B1 gene as a marker and to determine the factors that influence these cases by conducting statistical analysis on the results of the questionnaire. The sample used in this study was 50 women of childbearing age (got married and domiciled in West Bandung). All samples have met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent. DNA from blood specimens was isolated using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit. The concentration and purity of isolated DNA were measured using a nanodrop device. Besides, the B1 gene from T. gondii was amplified using a pair of specific primers and visualized by the agarose electrophoresis method. Data were analyzed using the logistic regression method. The results showed that 7 women of childbearing age women (14%) in West Bandung Regency had toxoplasmosis. Frequent contact with pets, especially cats, was a significant factor (p <0.005) in this disease transmission.
Identification of Salmonella typhi contamination by amplification fliC gene in grass-jelly from traditional markets and minimarket in Semarang city
Authors: Ernanto Aditya Rahman , Palimbongan Junita Rensa , Manufandu Anjar Richardo , Darmawati Sri
Published: February 2021

Grass-jelly is one of the most popular plants consumed by people in various forms. Contamination can cause various diseases, one of those is typhoid fever by Salmonella typhi. The purpose of this study was to detect S. typhi in grass-jelly based on molecular detection by amplification of the fliC gene using PCR. Validation was done by culture methods on SSA media and biochemical testing. The fliC gene amplification results in grass-jelly samples (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C3) showed the DNA fragments size of about 1500 bp. Colony and biochemical characters isolate Peterongan were lead to S. typhi, whereas another isolate was another Salmonella spp. Grass-jelly samples from the Peterongan market in Semarang were positively contaminated by S. typhi and isolate from Pedurungan and the minimarket was another Salmonella spp. Molecular-based food testing is fast enough and accurate for detecting types of bacterial contaminants but the amplification of only the fliC gene cannot specific for S. typhi.
Erythrocyte index of residents exposed to lead in Tambaklorok, Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Santosa Budi , Anggraini Herlisa , Mawarni Ika Dyah , Muliatun Niza , Nugroho Ardiansyah , Syarah Uly , Risqoeni Siti Atika
Published: February 2021

Erythrocyte index can form erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation. Lead exposure in Tambaklorok exceeds the threshold that affects anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the erythrocyte index confirmation with erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2month in Tambaklorok Semarang residents and 104 samples were taken using the purposive technique. Erythrocyte index was measured using the hematological analyzer and erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation using Giemsa painting. Erythrocyte index confirmation with the peripheral blood smear preparation was analyzed using the Gamma statistical relationship test. The results showed that the erythrocyte index value was mostly in the normal category, i.e., MCH 68 (64.4%), MCHC 61 (58.6%) and MCH 58 (56%) and below normal category were MCH 45 (42.95%), MCHC 41 (39.4%), and MCV 36 (34.3%). Erythrocyte morphology was mostly hypochromic, namely 46 (44.23%), normochrome 40 (38.46%), and hyperchrome 18 (17.3%). Relationship of MCH with erythrocyte color p-value 0.037 with size p-value 0.038. Conclusion of erythrocyte index confirmation, especially MCH with the peripheral blood smear preparation, there was a match on the color and size of erythrocytes, while the MCV and MCHC values had no significant relationship.
Identification of molecular markers for type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: Mushlih Miftahul , Sari Fitri Kumala , Amin Hindah Sabrina , Iknan Siti Asriani
Published: February 2021

T2DM can be triggered by two collaborating factors, namely genetics and the environment. This study aimed to identify genetic markers that can be used to detect the possibility of a person having T2D using the random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) method. The study was carried out cross-sectional and involved 60 samples consisting of 30 positive T2D samples and 30 negative samples T2D. The primer used for PCR-RAPD was D20 (5'-ACCCGGTCAC-3’). The PCR-RAPD results were then analyzed using the scoring method and analyzed using the non-parametric Chi-Square test (cl: 95%). Among T2D, 576 bp band were confirmed to be markers in the patients.
In-vitro antibacterial activity of the seed extract of three-member Artocarpus towards Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Prastiyanto Muhammad Evy , Azizah Inas Hasna , Haqi Hafizha Dara , Yulianto Bagus Dwi , Agmala Aulia Bella , Radipasari Zhafira Dias , Astuti Nita Ayu Dwi , Putri Arifani Rahma
Published: February 2021

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have created a critical need for the development of natural antibacterials from a biological source. This research aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of the seed extract of three-member Artocarpus (Artocarpus heterophyllus, A. champeden, and A. camansi) against MRSA which are the most prevalent causes of infections in patients. Crude seed extracts of three-member Artocarpus were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against MRSA. The antibacterial activity against MRSA of the three extracts was assayed in vitro by the agar well diffusion assay and agar microdilution method and minimum bactericidal concentration. The antibacterial activity, calculated as a zone of inhibition and MIC, MBC values. The Crude seed extracts of three-member Artocarpus showed antibacterial activity against the MRSA in the agar well diffusion assay (1.5-9 mm inhibition diameter). The MIC value of extract showed at 15.62 mg/mL and the MBC value of seed extract of A. heterophyllus at 62.5 mg/mL, A. champeden at 31.25 mg/mL, A. camansi at 250 mg/mL. All seed extracts have the potential to be developed as antibacterial agents, particularly against MRSA strain. Studies on the antibacterial activity against MRSA can provide new information about the benefits seed of members of Artocarpus as a source of natural antibacterial.
Evaluasi kualitas air Danau Hias Crown Golf, Jakarta Utara berdasarkan kandungan N dan P
Authors: Widigdo Bambang , Hariyadi Sigid , Iswantari Aliati , Pangaribuan Adianto
Published: February 2021

Kegiatan antropogenik di sekitar perairan Danau hias Crown Golf berpotensi memberikan masukan limbah yang dapat menurunkan kualitas air yang berdampak pada terjadinya pengayaan nutrien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kondisi kualitas air Danau Hias Crown Golf berdasarkan kandungan nutrien N dan P. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan selama satu tahun (September 2018-Agustus 2019) di empat titik pengamatan. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah N (nitrogen total, amonia, nitrit dan nitrat) dan P (fosfat total dan ortofosfat). Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah pembandingan kualitas air yang diperoleh dengan baku mutu kelas II pada PPRI No 82 Tahun 2001, penentuan rasio N/P, dan penentuan tingkat pencemaran menggunakan Water Quality Index (WQI) dan Indeks Pencemaran (IP) berdasarkan kandungan N dan P. Secara umum, kondisi perairan Danau hias Crown Golf masih sesuai dengan baku mutu untuk kegiatan rekreasi perairan. Konsentrasi nutrien (nitrit, nitrat, dan ortofosfat) lebih rendah pada musim hujan dibandingkan musim kemarau, sedangkan amonia, nitrogen total, dan fosfat total tidak berbeda antarmusim. Namun demikian, rasio N/P yang diperoleh sangat tinggi yaitu 51:1. Tingkat pencemaran Danau hias Crown Golf juga berada pada tingkat sedang hingga buruk berdasarkan WQI dan cemar ringan hingga cemar sedang berdasarkan IP. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perairan Danau hias Crown Golf telah memiliki konsentrasi N dan P yang cukup tinggi yang berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas air dan fungsi ekologis.
Analisis Bahaya Alami (Natural Hazards) Di Kecamatan Baleendah Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat
Authors: Mazlan  , Tjahjono Boedi , Barus Baba
Published: February 2021

Bencana banjir di Kabupaten Baleendah (Kabupaten Bandung) yang terjadi setiap tahun seringkali menyebabkan ratusan hektar sawah gagal panen. Sementara itu, perubahan penggunaan lahan yang cepat terjadi di daerah dataran di daerah ini telah menyebabkan banyak sawah berubah menjadi pemukiman, sementara di daerah perbukitan banyak lereng telah berubah menjadi  lahan terbuka yang disebabkan oleh kegiatan penambangan batu. Kegiatan semacam ini dapat mengurangi stabilitas lereng dan memudahkan terjadinya longsor di masa depan. Mempelajari bahaya alami untuk wilayah ini menjadi penting untuk kebutuhan mitigasi bencana di masa depan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan penggunaan lahan dan menilai bahaya banjir dan tanah longsor di Kabupaten Baleendah. Metode penelitian meliputi interpretasi visual penggunaan lahan dari citra Quickbird, analisis Pairwise Comparison untuk mendapatkan bobot dan skor parameter bahaya banjir dan tanah longsor, dan analisis Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) untuk menilai bahaya alami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interpretasi citra Quickbird menghasilkan 12 jenis penggunaan lahan yang didominasi oleh jenis pemukiman (31,17%) dan sawah (30,90%). Dari analisis Pairwise Comparison, ditemukan bahwa urutan bobot parameter bahaya banjir adalah durasi genangan (0,50), frekuensi genangan (0,33), dan kedalaman genangan (0,17), sedangkan untuk bahaya tanah longsor adalah kemiringan lereng (0,50), penggunaan lahan (0.33), dan bentuk lereng (0.17). Berdasarkan pemetaan rawan banjir partisipatif, ditemukan bahwa wilayah rawan banjir hanya tersebar di satu desa, yaitu Desa Andir, sedangkan untuk daerah rawan longsor tersebar di 5 desa. Hasil analisis Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) menunjukkan bahwa bahaya banjir kelas tinggi dan menengah masing-masing meliputi 128,99 ha dan 34,76 ha, sedangkan bahaya longsor kelas menengah, tinggi dan rendah masing-masing mencakup 281,62 ha, 940,84 ha, dan 124,69 ha. Mengontrol perubahan penggunaan lahan adalah pilihan yang baik untuk dilakukan di wilayah ini untuk mengurangi bahaya alami di masa depan.
Incidence of thyroid disease in young type 1 diabetics: Is the disease burden significant?
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Riaz Syeda Urooj , Prakash Om , Kumar Dileep , Ghauri Ishaq , Jafri Asad Raza
Published: February 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with type-I diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Jinnah Medical College Hospital, Karachi. Period: 3rd January 2018 to 3rd July 2018. Material & Methods: A total number of hundred patients having NIDDM taking insulin were included and thyroid hormones were measured. Results: Out of hundred patients, 57 were male and 43 were female. Mean age was 12 to 20 years. Thirty-four (34%) of patients had a family history of type-I diabetes. The mean (±SD) age of patients when the type-I diabetes first diagnosed was 12(±3.08) years. A total of 6% patients had a thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid antibodies were negative among patients with deranged thyroid hormones and ultrasound thyroid gland was also normal. Conclusion: There is significant association of thyroid disorders with type-I diabetes mellitus. Frequent screening was recommended in these patients.
Risk factors associated with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial carcinoma.
Authors: Bukhari Nadia Ahmed , Qazi Wardah Ajaz , Jahan Saira , Asmat Sadia , Akhter Nosheen , Jabeen Robina
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objectives of the study were to identify the common causes of post menopausal bleeding, benign and malignant causes of post menopausal bleeding and also the identification of risk factors for endometrial carcinoma in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Study Design: Cross sectional survey. Setting: Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: August 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 224 women with post menopausal bleeding were included in this study. Data was collected through the self structured questionnaire in which we have included patient’s demographics, risk factors of Post menopausal bleeding and risk factors of endometrial carcinoma. Histopathological investigations of endometrial sampling were done for identification of benign and malignant causes of post menopausal bleeding. Results: Mean age of the women was 59.17 years and mean parity was found to be 2.24. Out of 224 patients 106(47.3%) women had their menopause in duration of 6 to 10 years while 75(33.9%) had menopause in time duration of first 5 years showing high frequency trend of post menopausal bleeding in first ten years duration after menopause. Out of 224 patients 30(13.4) were of normal weight, 94(42.0) were overweight while 100(44.6) were obese according to BMI criteria. Endometrial carcinoma was found in 40 women with post menopausal bleeding. Among them age at menarche was found to be 9 to 13 years in 27(67.5%) patients while more than 13 years in 13(32.5%) women.  Age at menopause was found more than 55 years in 20(50%) patients while less than 55 years also in 20(50%) patients. Personal history of breast carcinoma was reported in 6(15%) similarly family history was also found in 6(15%) women. Family history of CA endometrium was observed in 3(7.5%). History of PCOs was also observed in 5(12.5) patients. Menstrual irreguraity in perimenopausal period was found in 18(45%) patients with endometrial CA. Nulliparity was reported in 21(52.5%) patients. 12(30%) were on estrogen use while 4(10%) were on Tamoxifen use. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension were observed as common risk factors for post menopausal bleeding. Endometrial Carcinoma, cervix carcinoma and Hyperplasia with atypia were common malignant causes while endometrial polyp and fibroid uterus were commonly found benign causes of post menopausal bleeding. Early menarche, menopausal duration of more than one year, obesity and diabetes mellitus were common risk factors for endometrial carcinoma.
Efficacy of different endodontic procedure with post-operative pain and Quality of Life (QoL) using (OHIP-14).
Authors: Abrar Eisha , Baig Qaiser Ali , - Maryam , Afaq Ashar , Anzar Wajiha
Published: February 2021

To assess efficacy of different Endodontic Procedure with Post-operative Pain and Quality of Life (QoL) using (OHIP-14). Study Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: Dow International Dental College and Dr Ishrat Ul-Ibad Khan Institute Karachi, Pakistan. Period: March 2019 till September 2019. Material & Methods: A convenient sampling was used. Conventional and hand protaper root canal technique were used. Both techniques were separately performed by house officers and Post graduate trainees. Study instrument was a structured questionnaire. There were 3 visits. Patients were recalled after 3 days to ask about the post-operative pain and treatments impact on oral health related quality of life. Data analysis was done using SPSS*20 software. Result: There is a significant association existing between the type of treatment provided to the patient and post-operative pain. Patients who underwent manual protaper RCT felt less pain as compared to those treated with conventional RCT. (p=0.00). Patients who were treated by house officer had experienced more pain (p=0.000) also patients who were treated by house officers take more medication. (p=0.001). Their oral health (OHIP-14) was improved after the endodontic treatment. (P=0.000). Conclusion: Effect of root canal therapy on QoL is apparent in both the groups. Experience level impacts improvement as the postoperative pain complaints were less when treated by postgraduate trainee.
Burden and baseline characteristics of patients with decompensated liver disease in Tertiary Care Hospital Gujrat.
Authors: Younus Irfan , Ali Muhammad Zahid , Ajmal Muhammad , Akhtar Hina , Ali Javeria , Altaf Faiza
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine the load, clinical and laboratory findings of the patients with decompensated cirrhosis admitted in medical department of tertiary care hospital and to make plan for the improvement of these patients. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of medicine of Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat. Period: from 1st January 2019 to 31st March 2019. Material & Methods: All 964 patients who were admitted included in study, clinical and laboratory features of patients with decompensated cirrhosis were recorded. Results: Male were in majority (53.7%), median age was 39 years. Decompensated cirrhosis was found  in  216 (22.4%), patients due to complication of  Diabetes Mellitus were 170 (17.6%), COPD & Asthma was found in 130 patients(13.5%), Stroke & Hypertension in 126 patients while Gastroenteritis 6% and infectious diseases RTI, UTI, Enteric Fever etc were present in 46 patients. Among 216 patients, one hundred & seventy eight were Hepatitis C Positive, fifteen had Hepatitis B, and eight had history of alcohol consumption. Seven patients were both Hepatitis B and C positive while in 3.6% etiology was other than mentioned above. Ascites was noted in two hundred six patients, 36.5% had variceal bleed while 51 admitted due to encephalopathy. Conclusion: HCV related cirrhosis and its complications like upper GI bleed, encephalopathy, ascites and hepatoma are major burden on our hospitals and need special attention.
Study of antibiotic resistance in patients of enteric perforation in a tertiary care hospital.
Authors: Kareem Talha , Aftab Muhammad Farrukh , Hashmi Junaid , Anjum Waqas , Rafique Hasaan , Rabbani Ali
Published: February 2021

Objective: To study the clinical outcomes and determine the antibiotic resistance in patients of enteric perforation in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of General Surgery at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: May 2017 to December 2019. Material & Methods: Sample size was calculated to be 97 with a confidence level of 95% and margin of error of 10%. We collected data from 100 patients. All the surgeries were done by the same team of consultant surgeons. The abdomen was closed by the same surgical team using the same surgical technique to avoid any bias. All the continuous variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation. The antibiotic resistance was compared with the number of patients with wound infections, burst abdomen, ICU admissions and number of in-hospital stay days. Categorical variables were compared using Chi square test for Independence. The number of in-hospital stay days were compared using Student t-test. The results were compiled using SPSS version 20. Results: Our result indicated that a patient had a greater chance of having a burst abdomen and wound infection if there was resistance to ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone. Similar results were obtained for ICU admissions. There was a significantly longer in-hospital stay observed for patients who were resistant to the standard regimen of Ceftriaxone. Conclusion: It seems only rationale that the patients susceptible should be treated with Imipinem for 2 weeks as the empirical therapy rather than the standard empirical therapy of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. The blood cultures can be sent before starting Imipinem and treatment management plan changed if the culture results are sensitive for the empiric antibiotics.
Perception of undergraduate students towards E-learning vs. Traditional Learning in a Public Sector Medical College.
Authors: Kamal Zahid , Jamil Ahmad Zeeshan , Waseem Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Junaid , Aziz Nauman , Rafiq Maryam
Published: February 2021

Objective: The e-learning technique for teaching has been gradually active in undergraduate medical education in current years. This article serves as an early exploration into medical student perceptions of the benefits and limitations of the E-learning. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: 1st February 2020 to 31ST March 2020. Material & Methods: To determine the perception of undergraduate students towards E-learning vs. Traditional Learning the students of the 4th year and Final year MBBS were provided with a questionnaire. Students of Sahiwal medical college have already been taught via both methods i.e., traditional face to face teaching and via video lectures and WhatsApp e-learning. Results: Students’ perception of E-learning as compared to Traditional learning: Fifty-two % students disagreed with that Traditional learning is more difficult and challenging than E-learning. Out of 182 responses again 54 % of the students disagreed with the fact that Learning materials or recorded lectures are as effective as face-to-face teaching/classroom situations. Conclusion: To date in our study, the students’ reaction to e-learning solicitations in undergraduate medical education is not much optimistic. Moreover, students generally did not express strong satisfaction for active learning modalities over traditional lecture-based learning.