bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLICY-RELATED FACTORS AND TEACHERS' QUALIFICATIONS AS DETERMINANTS OF TEACHING OF ARABIC LANGUAGE
Authors: Sanusi Taofeeq Olamilekan , Owoyale-AbdulGaniy Ibrahim Solahudeen , Abdur-Rafiu Jamiu
Published: January 2025

The study examined policy-related factors and teachers' qualifications as determinants teaching of the Arabic language in secondary schools in Kwara State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population of Kwara South was 23,458, and a sample of 379 students was collected using Kredjcie and Morgan's table. Multistage sampling procedures were adopted including purposive sampling to select three Local Government Areas (LGAs) and simple random sampling to select 30 public schools, 10 from each of the three LGAs. The researcher’s instrument, titled Adapted Policy Related Factors and Teachers' Qualifications as Determinants of Teaching Arabic Language Questionnaire (PRFTQTALQ) was used for data collection. The study found no significant difference in the perception of Arabic language teachers regarding policy-related factors and their qualifications as determinants of teaching Arabic in senior secondary schools in Kwara State. Therefore, the study concluded that there is no significant difference in teachers' perception of policy-related factors affecting the teaching of Arabic in senior secondary schools in Kwara State. The study found no significant difference in teachers' perceptions of Arabic teachers' qualifications determining their teaching of Arabic in senior secondary schools in Kwara State. It recommended amending the National Curriculum and Government policy to make Arabic a compulsory subject in Kwara State's senior secondary schools and awarding in-service training and scholarships for further studies to Arabic language teachers.
Hubungan Usia, Masa Kerja dan Sikap Kerja dengan Keluhan Low Back Pain pada Nelayan
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Daningrum Dini , Wifdah Siti Gisa’atul , Pratiwi Wiwik Eko
Published: January 2025

Nelayan berisiko mengalami low back pain (LBP) akibat proses kerja dengan gerakan berulang. Sebagian besar dari mereka tercatat mengalami nyeri pinggang bawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keluhan LBP dengan usia, lama bekerja, dan sikap kerja nelayan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Karangantu, Kota Serang, Provinsi Banten, Indonesia. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 78 nelayan yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode cross-sectional. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi square test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 92% responden memiliki sikap kerja berisiko, 54% responden memiliki durasi kerja berisiko di atas 18 tahun, 50% responden berisiko pada usia di atas 39 tahun, dan 85% responden mengalami keluhan nyeri punggung bawah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usia (nilai P 0,005), masa kerja (nilai P 0,002), dan sikap kerja (nilai P 0,000) merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan keluhan LBP. Pimpinan Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Karangantu bersama pemerintah setempat dan petugas kesehatan diharapkan dapat memberikan edukasi kepada nelayan tentang sikap tubuh yang baik ketika beraktivitas agar keluhan nyeri punggung bawah berkurang.
Levosimendan for sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: friend or foe?
Authors: Du Xinxin , Xiong Fang , Hou Yafei , Yu Xiangyou , Pan Pengfei
Published: January 2025

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) involves reversible myocardial dysfunction. The use of inotropes can restore adequate cardiac output and tissue perfusion, but conventional inotropes, such as dobutamine and adrenaline, have limited efficacy in such situations. Levosimendan is a novel inotrope that acts in a catecholamine-independent manner. However, study results regarding the treatment of SIMD with levosimendan are inconsistent, and the use of levosimendan is highly controversial. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic mechanisms of levosimendan in SIMD and considered recent research on how to improve the efficacy of levosimendan in SIMD. We also analyzed the potential and limitations of levosimendan for the treatment of SIMD to provide ideas for future clinical trials and the clinical application of levosimendan in SIMD.
Effects of soil water on fungal community composition along elevational gradients on the northern slope of the Central Kunlun Mountains
Authors: Zhang Yongguang , Li Chaonan , Zhang Zhihao , Li Chenhong , Zhang Bo , Jiang Hongchen , Islam Waqar , Li Xiangzhen , Zeng Fanjiang
Published: January 2025

Soil fungi are essential to ecosystem processes, yet their elevational distribution patterns and the ecological mechanisms shaping their communities remain poorly understood and actively debated, particularly in arid regions. Here, we investigated the diversity patterns and underlying mechanisms shaping soil fungal communities along an elevational gradient (1,707–3,548 m) on the northern slope of the Central Kunlun Mountains in northwest China. Results indicated that the dominant phyla identified across the seven elevational gradients were Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, displaying a unimodal pattern and a U-shaped pattern in relative abundance, respectively. Soil saprotroph and nectar/tap saprotroph were the dominant functional groups (>1.0%). Along the elevational gradients, soil fungal α-diversity demonstrated a generally decreasing trend, whereas β-diversity showed a contrasting increasing trend. Among the environmental variables, altitude and climate (mean annual precipitation, MAP; mean annual temperature, MAT) were the strongest predictors for α-diversity. Partial least squares path modeling (PLSPM) analysis revealed that soil water content (Wat) was the most influential factor driving fungal α-diversity, while vegetation coverage (Veg) emerged as the primary determinant of soil fungal community composition. The influence of Wat on fungal α-diversity shifted from indirect to direct as elevation increased, transitioning from lower elevations (≤2,448 m) to higher elevations (≥2,746 m). Similarly, the impact of Veg on soil fungal community composition exhibited a comparable pattern. The null model analysis revealed that homogeneous selection and dispersal limitation dominated the soil fungal community assembly at elevations lower than 2,448 m and higher than 2,746 m, respectively. Variations in ecological processes may be linked to changes in key environmental factors that influence soil fungal communities in an elevation-dependent manner. These findings can enhance our ability to predict soil fungal diversity patterns and their responses to climate change in the ecosystems of the northern slope of the Central Kunlun Mountain.
Potential role of gut-related factors in the pathology of cartilage in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ning Peng , Lin Shuting , Shi Yongyan , Liu Tianjing
Published: January 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common progressive degenerative disease. Gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolites have been closely associated with the onset, progression, and pathology of OA. GM and their metabolites may influence the cartilage directly, or indirectly by affecting the gut, the immune system, and the endocrine system. They function through classical pathways in cartilage metabolism and novel pathways that have recently been discovered. Some of them have been used as targets for the prevention and treatment of OA. The current study sought to describe the major pathological signaling pathways in OA chondrocytes and the potential role of gut-related factors in these pathways.
Performance Enhancement of MRAC via Generalized Dynamic Inversion
Authors: Mahmoud Alharith , Bajodah Abdulrahman H.
Published: January 2025

Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) guarantees closed loop stability and desired steady state performance of dynamical systems without undue dependence upon their mathematical models. However, the applicability of MRAC may not be suitable for systems that are crucial to safety due to its poor transient response. A modified MRAC design is presented in this paper for the purpose of enhancing the transient closed loop performance of MRAC by utilizing generalized dynamic inversion (GDI) and nullspace control. Two adaptive control actions take place under the proposed control design. The first control action is responsible for enforcing the reference model dynamics, and the second control action works to enhance the transient performance of MRAC. The two control actions do not interfere with each other because they act on two orthogonally complement control subspaces. The GDI-based MRAC law forces the uncertain dynamical system to follow the reference model, and it also restricts the undesirable oscillations intensity of the closed loop transient system response. Simulations are conducted on a flying wing aircraft model to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed design.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis Prescribing Practices for Dental Implant Placement in Croatia: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ković Mare , Pribisalić Ajka , Viskić Joško , Martinić Jure , Grubišić Josipa , Vardić Ante , Poklepović Peričić Tina
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to explore antibiotic prescribing practices for dental implant placement in Croatia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study including dentists in Croatia who perform dental implant therapy. The questionnaire assessed the dentists’ age, working experience, education level, and whether they use antibiotics for dental implant placement, as well as the choice of antibiotics, timing, and reasons for antibiotics use. We used snowball and convenient sampling methods for recruiting dentists. Categorical data were described as absolute numbers and percentages. Differences in the use of antibiotics for specific health conditions were analyzed using Chi-Square, with p < 0.05. Results: Overall, 74 dentists completed the survey. The dentists used antibiotics either before and after (N = 37, 48.7%), before (N = 21; 27.6%), or after dental implant placement (N = 17, 22.4%). Most used Amoxicillin (N = 47, 61.8%), or Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (N = 22, 28.9%). Almost all dentists used antibiotics in patients with artificial heart valves (N = 73, 97.3%) and a history of infective endocarditis (N = 74, 98.7%). Also, the dentists reported using antibiotics in patients with artificial joints (N = 52, 69.3%), diabetes (N = 48, 64%), HIV (N = 51, 34.2%), or those on antiresorptive drugs (N = 46, 61.3%), with 17 dentists (22.7%) prescribing antibiotics to all (p < 0.001). The main reasons for antibiotic prophylaxis were preventing complications at the implant site (N = 56; 73.7%) and reducing the early implant failure rate (N = 32; 42.1%). Around one-third of the dentists (34.2%) used antibiotics for their own safety. Conclusions: Croatian dentists may be overprescribing antibiotics during dental implant placement. Clear recommendations concerning antibiotic prophylaxis for dental implant therapy are needed to make well-informed clinical decisions.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Antimicrobial Activity Against ESKAPEE Bacteria and Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Endo Thiago Hideo , Santos Mariana Homem de Mello , Scandorieiro Sara , Gonçalves Bruna Carolina , Vespero Eliana Carolina , Perugini Márcia Regina Eches , Pavanelli Wander Rogério , Nakazato Gerson , Kobayashi Renata Katsuko Takayama
Published: January 2025

Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria cause over 700,000 deaths annually, a figure projected to reach 10 million by 2050. Among these bacteria, the ESKAPEE group is notable for its multiple resistance mechanisms. Given the high costs of developing new antimicrobials and the rapid emergence of resistance, drug repositioning offers a promising alternative. Results: This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of sertraline and paroxetine. When tested against clinical and reference strains from the ESKAPEE group, sertraline exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 15 and 126 μg/mL, while the MIC values for paroxetine ranged from 60 to 250 μg/mL. Both drugs effectively eradicated bacterial populations within 2 to 24 h and caused morphological changes, such as protrusions and cellular fragmentation, as shown by electron scanning microscopy. Regarding their mechanisms of action as antibacterials, for the first time, increased membrane permeability was detected, as evidenced by heightened dye absorption, along with the increased presence of total proteins and dsDNA in the extracellular medium of Escherichia coli ATCC2 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and oxidative stress was also detected in bacteria treated with sertraline and paroxetine, with reduced efficiency observed in the presence of antioxidants and higher levels of oxygen-reactive species evidenced by their reaction with 6-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The drugs also inhibited bacterial efflux pumps, increasing ethidium bromide accumulation and enhancing tetracycline activity in resistant strains. Conclusions: These findings indicate that sertraline and paroxetine could serve as alternative treatments against multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), and they support further development of antimicrobial agents based on these compounds.
The Impact of Sulforaphane on Sex-Specific Conditions and Hormone Balance: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Fahey Jed W. , Raphaely Mirran
Published: January 2025

The health-promoting, preventive, protective, and therapeutic applications of the natural compound sulforaphane (SF) produced from its biogenic precursor in broccoli, glucoraphanin, are extremely well established. SF has been the subject of thousands of studies and over 125 clinical trials. The many mechanisms of action of SF in mammalian systems have been extensively documented. SF is the most potent naturally occurring inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, which is most well-known for its upregulation of antioxidant and detoxification mechanisms and activation of pathways resulting in the inhibition of inflammation. Much of this regulation involves the various hormonal axes of the body. However, the influence of SF on hormone-mediated health conditions remains unexplored in recent scholarly reviews. This review aims to address this gap by exploring many of these interactions, with a focus on the health and wellness issues specific to both females and males.
Development of a Multidimensional Analysis and Integrated Visualization Method for Maritime Traffic Behaviors Using DBSCAN-Based Dynamic Clustering
Authors: Lee Daehan , Jang Daun , Yoo Sanglok
Published: January 2025

Automatic Identification System (AIS) data offer essential insights into maritime traffic patterns; however, effective visualization tools for decision-making remain limited. This study presents an integrated visualization processing method to support ship operators by identifying maritime traffic behavior information, such as traffic density, direction, and flow in specific sea navigational areas. We analyzed AIS dynamic data from a specific sea area, calculated ship density distributions across a grid lattice, and obtained visualizations of traffic-dense areas as heat maps. Using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with a noise algorithm, we detected traffic direction at each grid point, which was visualized in the form of directional arrows, and clustered ship trajectories to identify representative traffic flows. The visualizations were integrated and overlaid onto an S-57-based electronic nautical map for Mokpo’s entry and exit routes, revealing primary shipping lanes and critical inflection points within the target area. This integrated visualization method simultaneously displays traffic density, flow, and customary routes. It is adapted for the electronic nautical chart (S-101) under the next-generation hydrographic information standard (S-100), which can be used as a tool to support decision-making for ship operators.
Fall Detection Based on Continuous Wave Radar Sensor Using Binarized Neural Networks
Authors: Cho Hyeongwon , Kang Soongyu , Sim Yunseong , Lee Seongjoo , Jung Yunho
Published: January 2025

Accidents caused by falls among the elderly have become a significant social issue, making fall detection systems increasingly needed. Fall detection systems such as internet of things (IoT) devices must be affordable and compact because they must be installed in various locations around the house, such as bedrooms, living rooms, and bathrooms. In this study, we propose a lightweight fall detection method using a continuous-wave (CW) radar sensor and a binarized neural network (BNN) to meet these requirements. We used a CW radar sensor, which is more affordable than other types of radar sensors, and employed a BNN with binarized features and parameters to reduce memory usage and make the system lighter. The proposed method distinguishes movements using micro-Doppler signatures, and spectrogram is binarized as an input to the BNN. The proposed method achieved 93.1% accuracy in binary classification of five fall actions and six non-fall actions. The memory requirements for storing parameters were reduced to 11.9 KB, representing a reduction of up to 99.9% compared with previous studies.
Fixed-Point Results in Elliptic-Valued Metric Spaces with Applications
Authors: Alamri Badriah
Published: January 2025

The primary objective of this research is to investigate the notion of elliptic-valued metric spaces and prove new fixed-point theorems for diverse generalized contractions. Our contributions extend several existing results in the field. To underscore the novelty of our main result, we provide a concrete example. Additionally, we showcase the practical relevance of our primary theorem by solving a Urysohn integral equation.
A Multi-Level Multiple Contrastive Learning Method for Single-Lead Electrocardiogram Atrial Fibrillation Detection
Authors: Zou Yonggang , Wang Peng , Du Lidong , Chen Xianxiang , Li Zhenfeng , Song Junxian , Fang Zhen
Published: January 2025

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common persistent arrhythmia, and it is crucial to develop generalizable automatic AF detection methods. However, supervised AF detection is often limited in performance due to the difficulty in obtaining labeled data. To address the gap between limited labeled data and the requirements for model robustness and generalization in single-lead ECG AF detection, we proposed a semi-supervised contrastive learning method named MLMCL for AF detection. The MLMCL method utilizes the multi-level feature representations of the encoder to perform multiple contrastive learning to fully exploit temporal consistency, channel consistency, and label consistency. Meanwhile, it combines labeled and unlabeled data for pre-training to obtain robust features for downstream tasks. In addition, it uses the domain knowledge in the field of AF diagnosis for domain knowledge augmentation to generate hard samples and improve the distinguishability of ECG representations. In the cross-dataset testing mode, MLMCL had better performance and good stability on different test sets, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness in the AF detection task. The comparison results with existing studies show that MLMCL outperformed existing methods in external tests. The MLMCL method can be extended and applied to multi-lead scenarios and has reference significance for the development of contrastive learning methods for other arrhythmia.
The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chow Bing Jie , Liu Chang , Yu Mingyi , Xin Yu Lee Isabelle , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Wu Qing Yang Steve , Wong Kay Ting Regina , Lin Ke , Liu Yu-Chi
Published: January 2025

Terahertz (THz) waves reside in the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and infrared bands. In recent decades, THz technology has demonstrated its potential for biomedical applications. With the highly unique characteristics of THz waves, such as the high sensitivity to water and optimal spatial resolution coupled with the characteristics of the human cornea, such as its high water content, THz technology has been explored as a potential modality to assess corneas and corneal diseases. This systematic review provides an overview of the characteristics of THz waves, the safety profile of THz technology in the field of ophthalmology, and its clinical applications, including the objective evaluation of the corneal hydration, tear film, dry eye disease, corneal endothelium, corneal elasticity, and scarring. The paper also presents our viewpoint on the present challenges and future directions of THz technology prior to its broader integration into clinical practice.
Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Mosquito Salivary Proteins: New Frontiers in Disease Transmission and Control
Authors: Guo Jiayin , He Xiaoe , Tao Jianli , Sun Hui , Yang Jing
Published: January 2025

Mosquito-borne diseases are a group of illnesses caused by pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes, and they are globally prevalent, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Pathogen transmission occurs during mosquito blood feeding, a process in which mosquito saliva plays a crucial role. Mosquito saliva contains a variety of biologically active proteins that facilitate blood feeding by preventing blood clotting, promoting vasodilation, and modulating the host’s immune and inflammatory responses. These effects create an environment conducive to pathogen invasion and dissemination. Specific mosquito salivary proteins (MSPs) can promote pathogen transmission through mechanisms that either regulate hosts’ anti-infective immune responses or directly enhance pathogens’ activity. Strategies targeting these MSPs have emerged as an innovative and promising approach for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. Meanwhile, the diversity of these proteins and their complex interactions with the host immune system necessitate further research to develop safer and more effective interventions. This review examines the functional diversity of MSPs and their roles in disease transmission, discusses the advantages and challenges of strategies targeting these proteins, and explores potential future directions for research in this area.
Retrospective Analysis Comparing Lung-RADS v2022 and British Thoracic Society Guidelines for Differentiating Lung Metastases from Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Stana Loredana Gabriela , Mederle Alexandru Ovidiu , Avram Claudiu , Bratosin Felix , Barata Paula Irina
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) Version 2022 and the British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines in differentiating lung metastases from de novo primary lung cancer on CT scans in patients without prior cancer diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 196 patients who underwent chest CT scans between 2015 and 2022 without a known history of cancer but with detected pulmonary nodules. CT images characterized nodules based on size, number, location, margins, attenuation, and growth patterns. Nodules were classified according to Lung-RADS Version 2022 and BTS guidelines. Statistical analyses compared the sensitivity and specificity of Lung-RADS and BTS guidelines in distinguishing metastases from primary lung cancer. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on nodule characteristics. Results: Of the 196 patients, 148 (75.5%) had de novo primary lung cancer, and 48 (24.5%) had lung metastases from occult primary tumors. Lung-RADS Version 2022 demonstrated higher specificity than BTS guidelines (87.2% vs. 72.3%, p < 0.001) while maintaining similar sensitivity (91.7% vs. 93.8%, p = 0.68) in differentiating lung metastases from primary lung cancer. Lung metastases were more likely to present with multiple nodules (81.3% vs. 18.2%, p < 0.001), lower lobe distribution (58.3% vs. 28.4%, p < 0.001), and smooth margins (70.8% vs. 20.3%, p < 0.001), whereas primary lung cancers were associated with solitary nodules, upper lobe location, and spiculated margins. Conclusions: Lung-RADS Version 2022 provides higher specificity than the BTS guidelines in differentiating lung metastases from primary lung cancer on CT scans in patients without prior cancer diagnosis. Recognizing characteristic imaging features can improve diagnostic accuracy and guide appropriate management.
Integrated Management of Cardiovascular–Renal–Hepatic–Metabolic Syndrome: Expanding Roles of SGLT2is, GLP-1RAs, and GIP/GLP-1RAs
Authors: Theodorakis Nikolaos , Nikolaou Maria
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic syndrome, introduced by the American Heart Association in 2023, represents a complex and interconnected spectrum of diseases driven by shared pathophysiological mechanisms. However, this framework notably excludes the liver—an organ fundamental to metabolic regulation. Building on this concept, Cardiovascular–Renal–Hepatic–Metabolic (CRHM) syndrome incorporates the liver’s pivotal role in this interconnected disease spectrum, particularly through its involvement via metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Despite the increasing prevalence of CRHM syndrome, unified management strategies remain insufficiently explored. This review addresses the following critical question: How can novel anti-diabetic agents, including sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and dual gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1RA, offer an integrated approach to managing CRHM syndrome beyond the boundaries of traditional specialties? By synthesizing evidence from landmark clinical trials, we highlight the paradigm-shifting potential of these therapies. SGLT2is, such as dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, have emerged as cornerstone guideline-directed treatments for heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), providing benefits that extend beyond glycemic control and are independent of diabetes status. GLP-1RAs, e.g., semaglutide, have transformed obesity management by enabling weight reductions exceeding 15% and improving outcomes in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), diabetic CKD, HF, and MASLD. Additionally, tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1RA, enables unprecedented weight loss (>20%), reduces diabetes risk by over 90%, and improves outcomes in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), MASLD, and obstructive sleep apnea. By moving beyond the traditional organ-specific approach, we propose a unified framework that integrates these agents into holistic management strategies for CRHM syndrome. This paradigm shift moves away from fragmented, organ-centric management toward a more unified approach, fostering collaboration across specialties and marking progress in precision cardiometabolic medicine.
A Label-Free Aptasensor for the Detection of Sulfaquinoxaline Using AuNPs and Aptamer in Water Environment
Authors: Zhou Zhaoyang , Chen Xingyue , Jiang Shuang , Chen Zhuoer , Wang Sixian , Ren Yueyang , Fan Xiaodong , Le Tao
Published: January 2025

Sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) is widely utilized in aquaculture and animal husbandry due to its broad antimicrobial spectrum and low cost. However, it is difficult to degrade, and there are relevant residues in the aquatic environment, which could be harmful to both the ecological environment and human health. As a new recognition molecule, the aptamer can be recognized with SQX with high affinity and specificity, and the aptamer is no longer adsorbed to AuNPs after binding to SQX, which weakens the catalytic effect of AuNPs. Consequently, an aptasensor for the detection of SQX was successfully developed. This aptasensor exhibits a linear range of 40–640 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 36.95 ng/mL, demonstrating both sensitivity and selectivity. The recoveries of this aptasensor in water samples ranged from 90 to 109.9%, which was quite in line with high-performance liquid chromatography. These findings suggest that the aptasensor is a valuable tool for detecting SQX in aqueous environmental samples.
Comprehensive Rehabilitation of the Punta del Este Shopping Center After Fire Damage
Authors: Leez Álvaro , Pereyra María , Vila Patricia
Published: January 2025

On 6 August 2022, a fire devastated 80% of the Punta del Este Shopping Center in Maldonado, Uruguay. Originating in the kitchen of a supermarket, the fire ravaged the shopping center for 72 h before being brought under control. This article outlines the studies conducted to assess the fire’s impact on the building’s structure, as well as the strategies and rehabilitation project aimed at ensuring its stability and performance. An in-depth analysis of the concrete, reinforcements, and foundations was carried out using destructive and non-destructive testing. In total, over 150 concrete samples were collected for analysis, and the foundations were studied using indirect methods. Based on these analyses, actions were planned for each area, including structural repairs, reinforcements, or demolition. Due to the tight deadline for resuming commercial activity, special innovative structural solutions were designed to rehabilitate large severely damaged areas with the specific feature of avoiding demolition. This involved altering the static scheme of the structure, incorporating reinforcements and using slabs of the damaged structure as formworks. Complete demolition and subsequent reconstruction would have required timelines incompatible with the clients’ expectations, while the adopted solutions enabled the project to meet its objectives.
Environmental Effects in Life Cycle Assessment of Machine-Vision-Driven Spall Repair Material Estimation for Sustainable Road Maintenance
Authors: Cho Junhwi , Rodrigazo Shanelle Aira , Kim Hwang-Hee , Lee Su-Jin , Park Chan Gi , Yeon Jaeheum
Published: January 2025

Portland cement concrete is widely used in road construction due to its durability and minimal maintenance needs. However, its susceptibility to spall highlights the drawbacks of conventional repair methods, including cost inefficiencies, delays, environmental impacts, and safety risks from road closures. To address these challenges, this study evaluated the environmental benefits of a spall detection and repair method employing artificial-intelligence-based computer vision technology. By utilizing machine vision techniques, this approach detects spall damage without road closures and automates the calculation of repair areas and material requirements through a proprietary estimation program. Environmental impact assessments were conducted using life cycle assessment across three frameworks, TRACI, ReCiPe, and ILCD, to compare this method with conventional practices. The results revealed a 79% reduction in the overall environmental impacts, including significant decreases in global warming due to shorter road closures and reduced material waste. Resource usage improved through optimized processes, and air pollution decreased, with lower emissions of smog and particulates. This study highlights the potential of machine-vision-driven repair material quantity takeoff as a more efficient and sustainable alternative. The results of this study will help institutional engineers and practitioners adopt sustainable strategies for green infrastructure repair and integrate them into various infrastructure maintenance practices to contribute to the development of sustainable urban environments.
Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020
Authors: Wasuwanich Paul , So Joshua M. , Sadek Mustafa , Jarasvaraparn Chaowapong , Rajborirug Songyos , Quiros-Tejeira Ruben E. , Karnsakul Wikrom
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: We aim to describe the changing inpatient epidemiology of NAFLD in the U.S. and identify major risk factors associated with mortality in the disease among hospitalized pediatric patients. Methods: Hospitalization data from the 1998–2020 National Inpatient Sample were utilized. ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identify pediatric patients (age less than 18 years old) with NAFLD, and risk factors for mortality were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: We identified 68,869 pediatric hospitalizations involving NAFLD. Among those, 970 (1.4%) died during hospitalization. Hospitalization rates have been rapidly increasing from 1998 to 2020 (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06–1.07; p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in mortality based on the type of hospital (rural, non-teaching urban, or teaching urban) in pediatric patients with NAFLD (p < 0.05). Coagulopathy was significantly associated with increased odds of mortality, while age ≥ 12 years, diabetes and obesity were associated with decreased odds of mortality (p < 0.05). Sex, race/ethnicity, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and IV drug use were not significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: Our study has shown ever increasing hospitalization rates for NAFLD in pediatric populations and well as significant risk factors associated with mortality. Further studies should be performed as more data on this patient population are collected.
Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics
Authors: Feștilă Dana , Ciobotaru Cristina Dora , Suciu Tudor , Olteanu Cristian Doru , Ghergie Mircea
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Oral breathing is a common condition, particularly in children, and it is associated with significant changes in craniofacial development, dentomaxillary anomalies, and overall health. Despite extensive research, the role of oral breathing in the development of malocclusion remains controversial, with debates on whether it is a causative factor or a secondary adaptation to existing craniofacial issues. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes studies published in the last 15 years, focusing on the impact of oral breathing on dentofacial development and mandibular posture. A comprehensive search was conducted on four electronic databases (Embase, Medline, ProQUEST, Scopus) using keywords related to oral breathing, malocclusion, mandibular posture, and craniofacial development. Studies were included if they focused on the effects of oral breathing on craniofacial morphology, malocclusion, and postural changes in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. Results: Results indicate a strong link between oral breathing and dentofacial changes such as adenoid facies, Class II malocclusion, posterior crossbite, and anterior open bite. It causes cranial posture changes, particularly increased craniocervical extension, as a compensatory mechanism to maintain airway patency. Conclusions: Oral breathing is a risk factor for malocclusion prognosis, especially in growing children. Dentofacial changes in oral breathers include adenoid facies, convex facial profile, and increased lower facial height. Oral breathing also leads to significant changes in cranial posture, often accompanied by mandibular, lingual, and palatal alterations.
The Philippines’ Energy Transition: Assessing Emerging Technology Options Using OSeMOSYS (Open-Source Energy Modelling System)
Authors: Dixon Lara , Yeganyan Rudolf , Tan Naomi , Cannone Carla , Howells Mark , Foster Vivien , Plazas-Niño Fernando
Published: January 2025

The Philippines aspires for a clean energy future but has become increasingly reliant on imported fossil fuels due to rising energy demands. Despite renewable energy targets and a coal moratorium, emissions reductions have yet to materialize. This study evaluates the potential of offshore wind (floating and fixed), floating solar PV, in-stream tidal, and nuclear power to contribute to a Net-Zero energy plan for the Philippines, utilizing the Open-Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS). Seven scenarios were analyzed, including least-cost, renewable energy targets; Net-Zero emissions; and variations in offshore wind growth and nuclear power integration. Floating solar PV and offshore wind emerged as key decarbonization technologies, with uptake in all scenarios. Achieving Net-Zero CO2 emissions by 2050 proved technically feasible but requires substantial capital, particularly after 2037. Current renewable energy targets are inadequate to induce emissions reductions; and a higher target of ~42% by 2035 was found to be more cost-effective. The addition of nuclear power showed limited cost and emissions benefits. Emissions reductions were projected to mainly occur after 2038, highlighting the need for more immediate policy action. Recommendations include setting a higher renewables target, offshore wind capacity goals, a roadmap for floating solar PV, and better incentives for private investment in renewables and electric transport.
Impact of Likelihood Ratios of Rheumatoid Factor and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody in Clinical Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Two Available Platforms
Authors: Irure-Ventura Juan , Díaz-Toledo María , Palazuelos-Cayón Noelia , López-Hoyos Marcos
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases, characterized by an articular and extra-articular involvement, where autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs), are important biomarkers for the diagnosis. Autoantibody determination can be carried out using different assays. However, the results obtained are usually expressed in arbitrary units that are not comparable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve clinical interpretation of RF and ACPA test results using the likelihood ratio (LR). Methods: RF and ACPA titers were analyzed by turbidimetry and chemiluminescence using Optilite and BIO-FLASH systems, respectively, in 781 samples from patients with RA and in 1970 controls. Results: The higher the antibody titer of RF or ACPA, the higher the LR for RA. The definition of test result interval-specific LR based on predefined specificities for antibody levels provides more information than the use of the cut-off set by the manufacturer for each antibody. Conclusions: The LR for RA increased with an increasing antibody level. In addition, the use of test result interval-specific LR allows better clinical interpretation for RF and ACPA assays compared to the traditional idea of interpreting antibody results in a dichotomous manner, such as negative or positive.
Marker-Less Video Analysis of Infant Movements for Early Identification of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Bruschetta Roberta , Caruso Angela , Micai Martina , Campisi Simona , Tartarisco Gennaro , Pioggia Giovanni , Scattoni Maria Luisa
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The early identification of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in infants is crucial for effective intervention and improved long-term outcomes. Recent evidence indicates a correlation between deficits in spontaneous movements in newborns and the likelihood of developing NDDs later in life. This study aims to address this aspect by employing a marker-less Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach for the automatic assessment of infants’ movements from single-camera video recordings. Methods: A total of 74 high-risk infants were selected from the Italian Network for Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders (NIDA) database and closely observed at five different time points, ranging from 10 days to 24 weeks of age. Automatic motion tracking was performed using deep learning to capture infants’ body landmarks and extract a set of kinematic parameters. Results: Our findings revealed significant differences between infants later diagnosed with NDD and typically developing (TD) infants in three lower limb features at 10 days old: ‘Median Velocity’, ‘Area differing from moving average’, and ‘Periodicity’. Using a Support Vector Machine (SVM), we achieved an accuracy rate of approximately 85%, a sensitivity of 64%, and a specificity of 100%. We also observed that the disparities in lower limb movements diminished over time points. Furthermore, the tracking accuracy was assessed through a comparative analysis with a validated semi-automatic algorithm (Movidea), obtaining a Pearson correlation (R) of 93.96% (88.61–96.60%) and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.52 pixels (7.29–12.37). Conclusions: This research highlights the potential of AI movement analysis for the early detection of NDDs, providing valuable insights into the motor development of infants at risk.
Design and Verification of a Bridgeless Totem-Pole Power Factor Corrector
Authors: Prídala Michal , Šupolík Martin , Praženica Michal
Published: January 2025

A power factor corrector (PFC) is a device whose job is to improve the power factor of a device. Several connections of semiconductor converters are used for this purpose; one of them is the bridgeless totem-pole power factor correction converter (BLTP-PFC). The bridgeless totem-pole power factor correction converter (BLTP-PFC) is known for its advantages, including its simple topology, low interference capability, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Initially, this article focuses on a single-phase PFC, precisely the principle of operation of the BLTP-PFC converter and its simulation verification. Finally, an experimental prototype of an interlaced totem-pole bridgeless PFC converter is designed to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Review of Drone-Based Technologies for Wind Turbine Blade Inspection
Authors: Heo Seong-Jun , Na Wongi S.
Published: January 2025

Wind energy is one of the most rapidly growing sectors in renewable energy generation, with wind turbines being central to this expansion. Regular maintenance, particularly the inspection of wind turbine blades, is critical to ensure operational efficiency and prevent catastrophic failures. Conventional methods of blade inspection, including ground-based visual inspections, rope-access inspections, and cranes, are time-consuming, expensive, and often hazardous. In recent years, drone-based technologies have emerged as a promising alternative for wind turbine blade inspection. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current drone-based technologies for wind turbine blade inspection, highlighting their advantages, challenges, and future prospects.
Optimization of Load Rejection Regulation for Compressed Air Energy Storage
Authors: Wu Yinghao , Wen Xiankui , Zhang Shihai , Fan Qiang , Ye Huayang , Wu Chao
Published: January 2025

Given the shortcomings of compressed air energy storage systems in emergency response in power auxiliary research, especially in the scenario of decoupling from the power grid, an in-depth analysis is conducted. A set of energy release stage models with 10 MW compressed air energy storage equipped with an anti-overspeed system are set up. This research mainly focuses on the speed control of the two stages of the decoupled compressed air energy storage system: the soaring speed and the system recovery standby. By analyzing the influence of different cut-off valve actions on the decoupled speed, it is concluded that the key factor of speed control is the isolated expander. After the speed is controlled, the main factors affecting the speed control in the system are analyzed. As long as the expander is cut off, the high-temperature and high-pressure air will remain in the internal pipe and the heat exchanger of the system, which will cause the speed of the generator to soar again. A new load rejection control strategy is proposed based on the above analysis, in which the speed is smoothly reduced to 3000 r/min by the cut-off valve at the front end of the expander, and the residual working fluid is discharged. The results show that the optimized load rejection strategy reduces the speed increment by 89% compared to the traditional strategy, and reduces the recovery standby practice by 65%. Under 75% load conditions, the optimized load rejection strategy reduces the speed increment by 87% and the recovery standby practice by 41% compared to the traditional strategy. At 50% load conditions, the optimized load rejection strategy reduces the speed increment and standby time by 86% and 33%, respectively, compared to the traditional strategy. The key speed control index of the optimized load rejection strategy is much better than the traditional strategy, which significantly improves the control effect of accident emergencies.
Interfacing TRNSYS with MATLAB for Building Energy System Optimization
Authors: Meiers Josef , Frey Georg
Published: January 2025

This contribution investigates whether the use of the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox on a parameter identification problem for a TRNSYS model provides better performance in iteration time. It presents the development of a framework connecting the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox with TRNSYS on the one hand and coordinating the optimization process of a TRNSYS model by GenOpt through MATLAB on the other hand. A benchmark framework in MATLAB was created to link TRNSYS and MATLAB and to configure the optimization process of GenOpt and the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox. Using this framework, a comprehensive comparison of the optimization solvers in GenOpt and the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox for the identification of the overall heat transfer coefficient of a TRNSYS heat exchanger model regarding the optimization time and number of iterations is presented as a use case. The results for the given problem show that GenOpt gives slightly better results in optimization time, whereas MATLAB has more potential and flexibility.
The Influence of Different Land Uses on Tungstate Sorption in Soils of the Same Geographic Area
Authors: Petruzzelli Gianniantonio , Pedron Francesca
Published: January 2025

The growing use of tungsten (W) in industrial applications has made it a critical element in modern production processes. This increasing demand is also contributing to the element’s wider dispersion in the environment, including in soil. In addition to mining areas, it is necessary to evaluate the possible environmental effects of tungsten even in non-contaminated areas. The mobility and bioavailability of W in soil are essentially determined by the sorption processes that regulate its distribution between the liquid and solid phases of the soil. In this study, the effect of different land uses—natural, agricultural, and urban—on the sorption of W in soils of the same geographical area was addressed. The results showed that the maximum sorption can be found in natural soils, with a value of 528 mg/kg, while for agricultural and urban soils, the mean values are 486 and 392 mg/kg, respectively. Anthropic interventions seem to reduce this capacity in agricultural soils by about 8%, probably due to agronomic practices, and by even more, 26%, in urban soils, where the use of different materials can modify the original characteristics of the soils. These results show that variations in some of the main characteristics of soils, such as pH and organic matter content, also derived from different land uses, influence the sorptive properties of the soils.