bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assess Severity of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome After Intersphincteric Resection for Ultralow Rectal Cancer: A Pilot Study Using an Exploratory Instrument
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhuo Guang-Zuan , Liu Fei-Fan , Zhao Yu-Juan , Cao Yu , Xiang Jian-Bin , Ding Jian-Hua
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

The Delphi consensus identified eight symptoms and eight consequences as the highest priorities for defining low anterior resection syndrome.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe an exploratory scoring instrument that correlates the Delphi consensus on low anterior resection syndrome with functional and quality-of-life scores following intersphincteric resection for ultralow rectal cancer.

DESIGN:

This was a prospective pilot study. In accordance with the Wexner incontinence score, five frequency responses ranging from never (score 0) to always (score 4) were used to measure the severity of symptom- and consequence-specific variables.

SETTINGS:

Colorectal surgery referral center.

PATIENTS:

Among 161 eligible patients, 137 (85%) participants completed an electronic self-assessment survey regarding function and quality-of-life at scheduled follow-up, including 3 to 6, 12, and ≥ 24 months after ileostomy reversal.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Outcome measures included patient-reported severity of these priorities, as well as its correlation with condition-specific quality-of-life.

RESULTS:

The most frequent symptom and consequence were “emptying difficulties” and “dissatisfaction with the bowels,” respectively. Aside from “emptying difficulties,” the proportions of negative symptom domains increased after reversal. In particular, both the frequency responses and the severity scores of “emptying difficulties” did not differ between groups. The percentages of “always option” for consequence domains improved at 12-months follow-up, whereas a higher rate was observed at 24-months later, except for “toilet dependence” and “dissatisfaction with the bowels.” We found significant improvements in the summary score of Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (p = 0.04) and our exploratory instrument (p = 0.009), but not in functional scores measured by traditional questionnaires. Furthermore, the condition-specific quality of life strongly correlated with the Delphi consensus severity score (r

s
= -0.73).

LIMITATIONS:

Single-institution data and limited sample size.

CONCLUSIONS:

The important priorities identified by the Delphi consensus might enable a comprehensive overview and a better assessment of low anterior resection syndrome after intersphincteric resection. See Video Abstract.
Tips, Tricks, and Pearls for a Superior Patient and Surgeon Experience for Wide-awake Dupuytren Surgery
Authors: Barone Natasha , Lalonde Donald H. , Brutus Jean Paul
Published: February 2024

Fasciectomy for Dupuytren disease is a common procedure traditionally performed with a tourniquet under general or regional anesthesia. Since the year 2001, the wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) approach has been applied successfully to Dupuytren surgery, with current excellent surgeon and patient satisfaction. However, using WALANT for Dupuytren surgery may be intimidating for hand surgeons who want to begin using this method. The purpose of this article is to offer a series of tips and tricks the authors have learned after having performed hundreds of WALANT fasciectomies, to make this technique easier for surgeons and a more pleasurable experience for patients.
Embracing Neuro-Inclusivity Within Physician Assistant/Associate Education: Challenging Organizational Cultural Norms and Navigating Communication Challenges
Authors: Frizell Carl A. , Graham Devin , DuVentre Amber , Brown Sheena D.
Published: February 2024

Effective communication in health care education is essential for creating an inclusive learning environment. This manuscript examines the crucial role of communication in physician assistant/associate (PA) education, particularly in the context of neurodiverse individuals, who constitute approximately 20% of the global population. A groundbreaking study by Nouri et al reveals a 3.1% overall disability prevalence among US practicing physicians, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of diversity in the health care profession. Considering the intersectionality of marginalized identities, this research sheds light on potential challenges health care providers face, underscoring the importance of promoting inclusivity and support for neurodiverse individuals in the PA profession. The increasing presence of neurodivergent students in postsecondary institutions, despite academic strengths, holds relevance for PA education. Recognizing the barriers and stigmas associated with neurodiversity is crucial for fostering inclusive environments within PA programs and sponsoring institutions. This manuscript explores the challenges faced by neurodiverse individuals in PA education and proposes strategies for cultivating a neuroinclusive culture through effective communication. With a focus on celebrating and using the strengths of all learners, regardless of neurodiversity, the overarching goal is to contribute to a paradigm shift in PA education, enriching the educational experience for students, educators, and support staff.
Exploring the association between inflammatory biomarkers and gastric cancer development: A two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Lv Ye , Ma Tao , Wang Ningju , Chen Ping , Liu Quanxia , Yan Hui
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to elucidate the potential causative links between inflammatory biomarkers and gastric cancer risk via a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. Leveraging genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Instrumental variable selection for inflammatory markers – namely, tissue factor, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, E-selectin, interleukin 6 receptor, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 – was informed by SNP data from the IEU database. Strongly associated SNPs served as instrumental variables. We applied a suite of statistical methods, including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median Estimator (WME), MR-Egger, and mode-based estimates, to compute the odds ratios (ORs) that articulate the impact of these markers on gastric cancer susceptibility. The IVW method revealed that the interleukin 6 receptor was inversely correlated with gastric cancer progression (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.74–0.99, P = .03), whereas fatty acid-binding protein 4 was found to elevate the risk (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.05–1.39, P = .03). Instrumental variables comprised 5, 4, 7, 2, and 3 SNPs respectively. Convergent findings from WME, MR-Egger, and mode-based analyses corroborated these associations. Sensitivity checks, including heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy assessments, and leave-one-out diagnostics, affirmed the robustness and reliability of our instruments across diverse gastric malignancy tissues without substantial bias. Our research suggests that the interleukin 6 receptor potentially mitigates, while fatty acid-binding protein 4 may contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Unraveling the intricate biological interplay between inflammation and oncogenesis offers valuable insights for preemptive strategies and therapeutic interventions in gastric malignancy management.
Comparative efficacy of uncut Roux-en-Y and Billroth II anastomosis in gastrointestinal reconstruction following laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Bufei , Yu Zhun , Hu Ting
Published: February 2024

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical efficacy of Uncut Roux-en-Y and Billroth II anastomoses in gastrointestinal reconstruction following laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer. The primary objective was to compare the postoperative outcomes, including quality of life and complication rates, between the 2 surgical techniques. One hundred patients diagnosed with distal gastric cancer were enrolled between June 2020 and May 2023. Patients underwent laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy and were categorized into either the Uncut Roux-en-Y or Billroth II anastomosis groups based on the technique used for gastrointestinal reconstruction. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly followed. Surgical parameters, quality of life assessed using the Visick grading index, and postoperative complications were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0. The groups were comparable in terms of demographic and baseline clinical parameters. The Uncut Roux-en-Y group had a significantly longer duration of surgery (P < .001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in other surgical parameters. According to the Visick grading index, patients in the Uncut Roux-en-Y group reported a significantly better quality of life than those in the Billroth II group (P < .05). Additionally, Uncut Roux-en-Y was associated with a significantly lower incidence of dumping syndrome and bile reflux (P < .05). Although Uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis requires longer surgical time, it offers significant advantages in terms of postoperative quality of life and reduced rates of dumping syndrome and bile reflux. Our findings suggest that Uncut Roux-en-Y may be a superior option for gastrointestinal reconstruction after laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer.
Role of PAX6, TRPA1, BCL11B, MCOLN2, CUX1, EMX1 in colorectal cancer and osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhang Jie , Gao Qiang , Hou Shiyang , Chi Xiaoqian , Zheng Meiliang , Zhang Qijun , Shan Haifeng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Kang Chunbo
Published: February 2024

Colorectal cancer is a cancer that arises from the abnormal growth of cells in the colon or rectum. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary bone tumor with high degree of malignancy. The configuration files for colorectal cancer dataset GSE142279 and OS datasets GSE197158 and GSE206448 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database using the platforms GPL20795, GPL20301, and GPL24676. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. Functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed. A heat map of gene expression was drawn. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used to find the diseases most associated with the core genes. TargetScan was used to screen miRNAs regulating DEGs. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, DEGs are mainly enriched in acetylcholine binding receptor activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway, cell polarity pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, receptor regulator activity, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, and inflammation-mediated regulation of tryptophan transport. In the Metascape enrichment analysis, GO enrichment items related to the regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, regulation of muscle system process, and regulation of actin filament-based movement. Eight core genes (CUX1, NES, BCL11B, PAX6, EMX1, MCOLN2, TRPA1, TRPC4) were identified. CTD showed that 4 genes (CUX1, EMX1, TRPA1, BCL11B) were associated with colorectal neoplasms, colorectal tumors, colonic diseases, multiple myeloma, OS, and inflammation. PAX6, TRPA1, BCL11B, MCOLN2, CUX1, and EMX1 are highly expressed in colorectal cancer and OS, and the higher the expression level, the worse the prognosis.
Diagnostic performance of serum galactomannan and β-D-glucan for invasive aspergillosis in suspected patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Qian-Yi , Li Peng-Cheng , Yue Jin-Rui
Published: February 2024

Background:

Serum galactomannan (GM) and β-D-glucan (BG) are known markers of invasive aspergillosis (IA). The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficiency of serum GM and BG as diagnostic markers of symptomatic IA infection and compare the performance of the combined tests with that of either test individually.

Methods:

A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases to include relevant studies published in English up to May 2023. The quality assessment was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. A bivariate model was applied to pool diagnostic parameters using Stata 14.0 software. We used Cochrane I
2 index to assess heterogeneity and identify the potential source of heterogeneity by meta-regression. Paired t tests were used to compare the value of GM and BG for IA diagnosis when used in combination or alone.

Results:

Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. For proven or probable IA, serum GM and BG yielded a pooled sensitivity of 0.53 (95% CI 0.40–0.66) vs 0.72 (95% CI 0.61–0.81) and a pooled specificity of 0.94 (95% CI 0.91–0.97) vs 0.82 (95% CI 0.73–0.88). The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC was 0.90 (95% CI 0.87–0.92) vs 0.83 (95% CI 0.80–0.86) for all studies. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for IA diagnosis by combined GM and BG assays (GM/BG) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.69–0.86) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.81), respectively. The sensitivity of the combined GM/BG test to diagnose IA was higher than of the GM or BG test alone.

Conclusion:

Serum GM and BG tests had a relatively high accuracy for IA diagnosis in suspected patients. The diagnostic accuracy of both assays is comparable, and the diagnostic sensitivity is further improved by the combined detection of the 2 markers.
The effect of surgical starting time on elective colorectal cancer surgery: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Wen Ze-Lin , Zhou Xiong , Peng Dong
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the current study is to analyze whether surgical starting time affects the short-term outcomes of elective colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. We retrospectively collected CRC patients who underwent elective surgery from Jan 2008 to Jan 2021 in a single clinical center. The effect of surgical starting time (morning surgery vs afternoon surgery, day surgery vs night surgery) on elective CRC surgery was analyzed using propensity score matching (PSM). A total of 6783 patients were included in the current study. There were 5751 patients in day surgery group and 1032 patients in night surgery group, and there were 2920 patients in morning surgery group and 2831 patients in afternoon surgery group. After 1:1 ratio PSM, there were no significant difference in terms of the baseline information (P > .05). Day surgery group had longer operation time (P = .000) and longer hospital stay (P = .029) than night surgery group after PSM. Morning surgery group had longer operation time than afternoon surgery group before PSM (P = .000) and after PSM (P = .000). Univariate and multivariate analysis of the total of 6783 patients were conducted to find predictors of complications, and found that night surgery was a predictor of major complications (P = .002, OR = 1.763, 95% CI = 1.222–2.543) but not a predictor of overall complications (P = .250, OR = 1.096, 95% CI = 0.938–1.282). Night surgery is a predictor of major complications after elective CRC surgery, therefore, surgeons should be careful when operating at night.
BZW1 is a prognostic and immunological biomarker in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luo An , Qiao Nan , Hu Ke , Xu Henglang , Xie Mingjun , Jiang Yiping , Hu Jia
Published: February 2024

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the digestive system and is called the “king of cancer” because it has been labeled with high malignancy, rapid progression, poor survival, and poor prognosis. Previously, it was reported that the basic leucine zipper and W2 domains 1 (BZW1) is involved in the progression of many tumors. However, its research in digestive system tumors such as pancreatic cancer is rarely studied. To explore potential biomarkers related to survival and prognosis of pancreatic cancer and provide a new targeted therapy for it. We first analyzed the mRNA and protein expression of BZW1 in pancreatic cancer. We then explored the correlation of BZW1 with survival prognosis and immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer patients. Finally, we explored BZW1-related gene enrichment analysis, including protein-protein interaction networks, gene ontology functional enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The mRNA and protein expression of the BZW1 gene in pancreatic cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent normal tissues, and pancreatic cancer patients with high BZW1 expression had a poor prognosis. In addition, the expression of BZW1 was positively or negatively correlated with different immune cells of pancreatic cancer, such as CD4 + T lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, etc. Correlation enrichment analysis showed that we obtained 50 available experimentally determined BZW1-binding proteins and 100 targeted genes related to BZW1, and the intersection genes were eukaryotic translation termination factor 1 and Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 3. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between BZW1 and eukaryotic translation termination factor 1 and Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 3 genes in pancreatic cancer. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed BZW1 was mainly related to biological processes such as “mRNA processing,” “RNA splicing,” “regulation of translational initiation,” and “activation of innate immune response.” The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis further indicated that BZW1 may be involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis through the “spliceosome” and “ribosome.” The BZW1 gene may be a potential immunotherapy target and a promising prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer.
Perceived social support mediates the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on job adaptation disorders of workers: An exploratory cross-sectional study
Authors: Yao Yongcheng , Tang Jie , Li Zhenzhen , Chen Shuyan , Li Yuping , Meng Hongling , Lu Lingeng
Published: February 2024

COVID-19 lockdown can lead to job adaptation disorders, which are heterogeneous among individuals. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between perceived social support and job adaptation disorders among workers in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaires of Psychological Questionnaire for Public Health Emergencies, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Work Attitude Scale were used for this cross-section study via an online survey. The study included 626 employees. Hierarchical regression analysis and Bootstrap method were used to investigate the mediation effect of perceived social support between the emergency and job adaptation disorders. The percentages of the 5 dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, fear, compulsion-anxiety, and hypochondria in workers were 59.7%, 56.1%, 92.3%, 42.0%, and 18.7%, respectively. Social support mediated the relationship between depression, neurasthenia, obsessive-compulsive anxiety and job adaptation disorder, accounting for 18.1%, 16.1%, and 17.5% of the total effect (ab/c), respectively. Perceived social support could alleviate COVID-19 pandemic-related depression, neurasthenia, compulsion-anxiety, and job adaptation disorder in Chinese workers. Improving their perception of social support, workers may better adapt themselves to work in the challenging of the public health emergency during COVID-19 pandemic.
Results of a hybrid approach for high risk term newborn patients with interrupted aortic arch (IAA) with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Authors: Toprak Muhammet Hamza Halil , Yakut Kahraman , Yilmaz Nurullah , Tan Recep Berra Zumrut , Tüzün Behzat , Ozturk Erkut , Ozyilmaz İsa , Hatemi Ali Can , Tanidir İbrahim Cansaran
Published: February 2024

This study aims to share the results of critically ill newborn cases with interrupted aortic arch (IAA) and Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (LVOTO) who underwent the hybrid approach, which consists of bilateral pulmonary artery banding and/or patent ductus arteriosus stenting, as first-line treatment. This retrospective study includes the results of high-risk term newborns whom we applied a hybrid approach due to IAA and LVOTO in our clinic between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2021. The demographic characteristics, hybrid approach methods and results of the cases were evaluated. Nine cases underwent hybrid approach during the study period. The mean age and weight at interventions were 7 days (3–16 days) and 3280 g (2700–4300 g). Six of the patients were diagnosed with type B IAA, 2 with type A, and one with type C. LVOTO was present in 7 patients. The success rate for the procedures was 100%. No patients died during the procedure or within the first 5 days after the procedure or from reasons related to the procedure. The median length of the hospital stay after stent placement was 28 days (22–35 days) for discharged patients. Three patients died in interstage period, and 6 patients underwent total corrective surgery after a median of 7 months (4–10 months). The average LVOT diameter was increased from 3.1 mm to 4.8 mm before total repair surgery. The hybrid approach should be kept in mind for treating high risk newborns with IAA with LVOTO and high-risk newborns who are not suitable for single stage total corrective surgery.
Emergency hybrid surgery for transection of pancreas at the head and neck after blunt abdominal trauma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Xu Yanan , Ai Tao
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

A complete disruption of main pancreatic duct (MPD) presents a significant challenge to the surgeon. Historically, the standard surgical approach for addressing a complete disruption of the MPD involved distal pancreatic resection and pancreaticojejunostomy Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Nevertheless, there have been no reported cases of hybrid surgery being employed for the complete disruption of the MPD.

Patient concerns:

A 63-year-old male patient presented with blunt trauma in the upper abdomen and was transferred to our trauma center 10 hours after injury. Upon arrival at the emergency department, he was conscious, hemodynamically stable, and complained of upper abdominal pain and distention. Physical examination revealed right upper abdominal tenderness and slight abdominal tension. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a complete transection of pancreatic parenchyma at the junction of the head and neck.

Diagnoses:

Complete transection of pancreatic parenchyma at the junction of the head and neck combined with complete disruption of the MPD, AIS grade IV.

Interventions:

The hybrid surgery was initially utilized for complete MPD disruption, incorporating endoscope-assisted stent placement in the MPD along with primary repair of the pancreatic parenchyma and duct.

Outcomes:

The postoperative period went smoothly, and the patient recovered and was discharged 4 weeks after operation. The MPD stent was removed under endoscope 4 months after operation, and Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatography examination showed that the MPD was patency and slight MPD stenosis without pancreatic leakage. At the most recent follow-up, the patient had returned to normal life and work without any pancreatic endocrine or exocrine dysfunction.

Lessons:

The hybrid surgery, incorporating endoscope-assisted MPD stent placement and primary repair of the pancreatic parenchyma and duct, emerges as a promising alternative for complete MPD disruption in hemodynamically stable patients. The challenge in this hybrid surgery is the precise localization of the distal end of the MPD.
Analysis of factors related to thrombosis in patients with PICC placements
Authors: Gao Xiaoli , Mi Xihua , Hou Shiyang , Kang Chunbo
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the conditions of patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placements, analyze the risk factors influencing thrombosis in PICC-placed patients, and formulate more accurate and effective PICC management strategies. A total of 147 patients undergoing PICC placements were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data were collected, and the patients were divided into thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups. Detect levels of bilirubin, white blood cells, venous pressure, heparin concentration, blood flow, citric acid, and platelets. Pearson chi-square test, Spearman correlation analysis, as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to analyze independent risk factors. Among the 147 patients with PICC placements, there were 84 males and 63 females. Thrombosis occurred in 116 cases, with an incidence rate of 78.91%. Pearson chi-square test showed a significant correlation between citric acid, blood flow, platelets and frailty (P < .001) with thrombosis formation. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between citric acid (ρ = −0.636, P < .001), blood flow (ρ = 0.584, P < .001), platelet count (ρ = 0.440, P < .001), frailty (ρ = −0.809, P < .001) and thrombosis in PICC placement patients. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between thrombosis formation and citric acid (OR = 0.022, 95% CI = 0.006–0.08, P < .001), blood flow (OR = 33.973, 95% CI = 9.538–121.005, P < .001), platelet count (OR = 22.065, 95% CI = 5.021–96.970, P < .001), frailty (OR = 0.003, 95% CI = 0.001–0.025, P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed a significant correlation between thrombosis formation and citric acid (OR = 0.013, 95% CI = 0.002–0.086, P < .001), blood flow (OR = 35.064, 95% CI = 6.385–192.561, P < .001), platelet count (OR = 4.667, 95% CI = 0.902–24.143, P < .001), frailty (OR = 0.006, 95% CI = 0.001–0.051, P < .001). However, gender (OR = 0.544, 95% CI = 0.113–2.612, P = .447), age (OR = 4.178, 95% CI = 0.859–20.317, P = .076), bilirubin (OR = 2.594, 95% CI = 0.586–11.482, P = .209), white blood cells (OR = 0.573, 95% CI = 0.108–3.029, P = .512), venous pressure (OR = 0.559, 95% CI = 0.129–2.429, P = .438), and heparin concentration (OR = 2.660, 95% CI = 0.333–21.264, P = .356) showed no significant correlation with thrombosis formation. Patients with PICC placements have a higher risk of thrombosis, citric acid, blood flow, platelet count and frailty are the main risk factors.
Quadruplet Therapy in De Novo High-Volume Mixed Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Using 177Lu-PSMA
Authors: Askari Emran , Aryana Kamran , Jafarian Amir Hosein , Bari Alireza , Barashki Somaye
Published: February 2024

We present a case of de novo high-volume metastatic prostate cancer with high PSMA expression, partially PSMA-negative, using quadruplet therapy (PROMISE ver. 2 miTNM; miT4N2M1aM1b(dmi) PRIMARY score: 5, PSMA-expression score: 0–3). Because of our patient’s partial PSMA negativity and after a multidisciplinary tumor board discussion, we decided to use a modified protocol involving doublet hormonal therapy along with 177Lu-PSMA and radiation therapy to address the PSMA-negative disease. The patient responded well to this treatment, but recurrence was ultimately inevitable. This case represents a typical example of mixed neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma and highlights its resistant phenotype in response to quadruplet therapy.
MALT Lymphoma in Histologic Transformation
Authors: Tang Ranbie , Chen Xi , Liu Mengna , Shu Qiaoqiao , Cai Liang
Published: February 2024

An 81-year-old woman experienced compression symptoms due to diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland. The cytopathological results of thyroid fine-needle suggested malignancy. Therefore, she underwent bilateral thyroidectomy. Postoperative pathology indicated mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Three months later, she found a progressively enlarged mass in her neck. The biopsy showed MALT lymphoma with highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma transformation. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed increased metabolism in multiple lymph nodes. However, some of these lymph nodes were negative in 68Ga-pentxafor PET/CT. Our case demonstrated that 68Ga-pentixafor may have limited value in evaluating MALT lymphoma transformation.
Bacillus pumilus cellulitis with bacteremia in a person who injects drugs, living with HIV–HCV co-infection: a case report
Authors: Neves-Maia João , Ramos Maria João , Cruz Hugo , Meireles Mariana
Published: February 2024

Bacillus pumilus (B. pumilus) is a ubiquitous spore-forming bacteria that has rarely been implicated in extraintestinal infections, mostly in immunocompromised hosts. The authors report a case of B. pumilus cellulitis with bacteremia in a person who injects drugs living with human immunodeficiency virus–hepatitis C virus (HIV–HCV) co-infection. Although similar cases have been reported for some species of the genus, namely Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), this case reinforces the importance of considering other Bacillus spp. as potential pathogens in skin and soft tissue infections and bloodstream infections related to intravenous drug use.
A Novel Therapeutic Approach using CXCR3 Blockade to Treat Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-mediated Myocarditis
Authors: Huang Yuhsin Vivian , Lee Daniel , Sun Yin , Chou Harrison , Xu Bruce , Lin Zachary , Branche Corynn , Bayer Abraham , Waliany Sarah , Neal Joel , Wakelee Heather , Witteles Ronald , Nguyen Patricia , Graves Edward , Alcaide Pilar , Berry Gerald J. , Wu Sean M. , Zhu Han
Published: February 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are successful in treating many cancers but may cause immune-related adverse events. ICI-mediated myocarditis has a high fatality rate of up to 40%, with severe cardiovascular consequences. Targeted therapies for ICI myocarditis are currently lacking.

Methods

We used a genetic mouse model ofPD-1deletion (MRL/Pdcd1-/-) along with a novel drug-treated ICI myocarditis mouse model to recapitulate the disease phenotype. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq), single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing (scTCR-seq), and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes (CITE-seq) on immune cells isolated fromMRLandMRL/Pdcd1-/-mice at serial timepoints. We assessed the impact of macrophage deletion inMRL/Pdcd1-/-mice, then inhibited CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) in ICI-treated mice to assess therapeutic effect on myocarditis phenotype. Furthermore, we delineated functional effects of CXCR3 blockade on T-cell and macrophage interactions in a transwell assay. We then correlated the results in human single-cell multi-omics data from blood and heart biopsy data from patients with ICI myocarditis.

Results

Single-cell multi-omics demonstrated expansion of CXCL9/10+CCR2+ macrophages and CXCR3hi CD8+ effector T-lymphocytes in the hearts ofMRL/Pdcd1-/-mice correlating with onset of myocarditis development. Both depletion of CXCL9/10+CCR2+ macrophages and CXCR3 blockade respectively led to decreased CXCR3hiCD8+ T-cell infiltration into the heart and significantly improved survival. A transwell assay showed that selective blockade of CXCR3 and its ligand, CXCL10 decreased CD8+ T-cell migration towards macrophages, implicating this interaction in T-cell cardiotropism towards cardiac macrophages. Cardiac biopsies from patients with confirmed ICI myocarditis demonstrated infiltrating CXCR3+ lymphocytes and CXCL9+/CXCL10+ macrophages. Both mouse cardiac immune cells and patient peripheral blood immune cells revealed expanded TCRs correlating with CXCR3hi CD8+ T-cells in ICI myocarditis samples.

Conclusions

These findings bring forth the CXCR3-CXCL9/10 axis as an attractive therapeutic target for ICI myocarditis treatment, and more broadly, as a druggable pathway in cardiac inflammation.
A gene-rich mitochondrion with a unique ancestral protein transport system
Authors: Moreira David , Blaz Jazmin , Kim Eunsoo , Eme Laura
Published: February 2024

Mitochondria originated from an ancient endosymbiotic event involving an alphaproteobacterium1–3. Over time, these organelles reduced their gene content massively, with most genes being transferred to the host nucleus before the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA)4. This process has yielded varying gene compositions in modern mitogenomes, including the complete loss of this organellar genome in some extreme cases5–14. At the other end of the spectrum, Jakobids harbor the largest mitogenomes, encoding 60-66 proteins8. Here, we introduce the mitogenome ofMantamonas sphyraenae, a protist from the deep-branching CRuMs supergroup15,16. Remarkably, it boasts the most gene-rich mitogenome outside of jakobids, by housing 91 genes, including 62 protein-coding ones. These include rare homologs of the four subunits of the bacterial-type cytochrome c maturation system I (CcmA, CcmB, CcmC, and CcmF), alongside a unique ribosomal protein S6. During the early evolution of this organelle, gene transfer from the proto-mitochondrial endosymbiont to the nucleus became possible thanks to systems facilitating the transport of proteins synthesized in the host cytoplasm back to the mitochondrion. In addition to the universally found eukaryotic protein import systems, jakobid mitogenomes were reported to uniquely encode the SecY transmembrane protein of the bacterial Type II secretion system; its evolutionary origin was however unclear. TheMantamonasmitogenome not only encodes SecY but also SecA, SecE, and SecG, making it the sole eukaryote known to house a complete mitochondrial Sec translocation system. Furthermore, our phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses provide compelling evidence for the alphaproteobacterial origin of this system, establishing its presence in LECA.
Collagen organization and structure inFLBN5-/-, mice using label-free microscopy: implications for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Jennings Christian M. , Markel Andrew C. , Domingo Mari J.E. , Miller Kristin S. , Bayer Carolyn L. , Parekh Sapun H.
Published: February 2024

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a gynecological disorder described by the descent of superior pelvic organs into or out of the vagina as a consequence of disrupted muscles and tissue. A thorough understanding of the etiology of POP is limited by the availability of clinically relevant samples, restricting longitudinal POP studies on soft-tissue biomechanics and structure to POP-induced models such as fibulin-5 knockout (FBLN5-/-) mice. Despite being a principal constituent in the extracellular matrix, little is known about structural perturbations to collagen networks in theFBLN5-/-mouse cervix. We identify significantly different collagen network populations in normal and prolapsed cervical cross-sections using two label-free, nonlinear microscopy techniques. Collagen in the prolapsed mouse cervix tends to be more isotropic, and displays reduced alignment persistence via 2-D Fourier Transform analysis of images acquired using second harmonic generation microscopy. Furthermore, coherent Raman hyperspectral imaging revealed elevated disorder in the secondary structure of collagen in prolapsed tissues. Our results underscore the need forin situmultimodal monitoring of collagen organization to improve POP predictive capabilities.
Onset of Mismatch Repair by the Human Mismatch Repair Protein, MutSbeta for a Biosensing Device
Authors: Devlin Jack , Madigan Jenna , Macwan Isaac
Published: February 2024

Deficiency of MutSbeta protein has been proven to be a cause of Lynch Syndrome, which leads to hereditary colorectal cancer. In the absence of MutSbeta, or the energy source to initiate the conformational change of MutSbeta, the DNA repair pathway would not detect the DNA base pairing errors resulting in a failure to proceed. To examine the essential role of MutSbeta and the interface between MutSbeta and a mismatched DNA strand, 500ns of molecular dynamics simulations were performed and the results were compared with the controls. It is found that during the first 100ns, the outermost domain of MutSbeta (chain BP4) gets hold of the DNA, and the inner domains (AP1 and BP1) prepare to scan the DNA strand. An RMSD of 5-7Å for the control MutSbeta compared to 3-6.5Å in the presence of a mismatched DNA indicate that starting ∼75ns, MutSbeta stabilizes and initiates the scanning of the mismatched DNA. The reduction of the distance between the two biomolecules by ∼16Å, increase of Van der Waals energies by ∼75 kCal/mol and a crucial role played by the interfacial water molecules and their hydrogen bonds during the next 100ns also supports the manipulative nature and initiation of scanning by MutSbeta.

Author Summary

About 1 and 23 men and 1 and 26 women have the chances of developing colorectal cancer and the chances only increase with old age. Cancer typically develops from mutated DNA, which emphasizes the importance of understanding how proteins a part of the DNA repair pathway process interact with a mutated strand of DNA. One such protein, MutSbeta, is the first protein that initiates the repair pathway process and scans DNA for any mutations. As the initiator, a deficiency of MutSbeta leads to higher chances of mutated DNA going undetected, and therefore forming cancerous cells. Using 3D simulations, we analyzed the interactions between MutSbeta and a mutated DNA strand. We found that the two outer domains, AP4 and BP4 grab hold of the DNA strand while the inner clamps, AP1 and BP1 scan the DNA strand. It was also discovered that Van der Waals play a more dominant role compared to electrostatics in terms of the driving force behind the interactions between DNA and MutSbeta. Overall, our data supported the attractive nature of MutSbeta towards DNA and its stability as it initiates the scanning process. Furthermore, this data was used to verify the presence of MutSbeta for a biosensor that was built previously; owing to the significance and applicatory effects of this work.
Magnetothermal transport in the spin-
12
easy-axis antiferromagnetic chain
Authors: Zotos X.
Published: February 2024

By an exact analytical approach we study the magnetothermal transport in the spin-12 easy-axis Heisenberg model, in particular the thermal conductivity and spin Seebeck effect as a function of anisotropy, magnetic field, and temperature. We stress a distinction between the common spin Seebeck effect with fixed boundary conditions and the one (intrinsic) with open boundary conditions. In the open boundary spin Seebeck effect we find exceptional features at the critical fields between the low field antiferromagnetic phase, the gapless one, and the ferromagnetic at high fields. We further study the development of these features as a function of easy-axis anisotropy and temperature. We point out the potential of these results to experimental studies in spin chain compounds—candidates for spin current generation in the field of spintronics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
The influence of uncertainty on indulgent consumption: a chain mediation model of curiosity and positive emotion
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Tianqi , Zhou Hang , Qin Jian
Published: February 2024

Purpose

People usually try to avoid uncertainty. Recently, however, uncertainty has become an emerging marketing tool in the hedonic product industry. In the case of blind box consumption, for example, the consumers become addicted to the uncertainty created by businesses, leading to repeat purchases and even indulgences. Previous research has, yet, to focus on the impact of uncertainty on indulgence and the role of emotions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper constructs and validates a chain mediation model of uncertainty triggering indulgent consumption based on the information gap theory, positive emotion theory and uncertainty resolution theory and examines the difference between resolved and unresolved uncertainty. This study also explores differences in the impact of whether uncertainty is resolved on emotions. The uncertainty-resolved group elicited a more positive emotional response than the uncertainty-unresolved group, leading to a more indulgent consumption.

Findings

The results of three studies show that uncertainty influences indulgent consumption through curiosity and positive emotion, and that curiosity and positive emotion play separate and chain mediating roles between uncertainty and indulgent consumption, respectively. We validate our central hypothesis with questionnaires among blind box consumer groups, examining the moderating role of perceived luck and risk preferences.

Originality/value

The findings shed new light on firms' use of uncertainty to promote consumer purchases.
Harnessing the economic value of indigenous knowledge in Kenya: a qualitative review of the legal framework
Authors: Nakitare Joel , Otike Fredrick , Mureithi Lydiah
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Commercial entities have recently expressed growing interest in commercialising indigenous knowledge (IK) due to its enormous economic and intrinsic value. As this happens, custodial communities must not be disadvantaged in the process. This paper aims to understand the legal framework of the commercialisation of IK to identify the opportunities and factors impeding or affecting the commercialisation of indigenous knowledge in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a qualitative research approach. An extensive exploratory literature review of existing legal instruments was done to establish the progress and gaps for commercialising indigenous knowledge in Kenya.

Findings

The study shows that the legal framework of IK in Kenya is inadequate. There are no well-established frameworks and policies to protect IK in Kenya, and thus, host communities are subjected to exploitation. The diversity of tribes and communities makes it challenging to have a clear framework, mainly because IK is a devolved function. The study identifies the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions Act 2016, The National Museums and Heritage Act 2006 and the Natural Products Industry as the key milestones towards commercialisation of IK, while inadequate documentation of IK, communal ownership and inadequate legislation were identified as the main impediments to commercialisation of IK in Kenya.

Research limitations/implications

Owing to the diverse cultures and tribal communities in Kenya, the research could not access all the literature on all traditional IK in Kenya, and very few case studies have been conducted in Kenya.

Practical implications

The gaps identified in the legal framework can form a basis for legislation, policy change, actions and research needed to improve the commercialisation of IK.

Originality/value

The paper underscores the importance of balancing economic empowerment with preserving cultural integrity and protecting indigenous rights in commercialisation.
Mediating agricultural entrepreneurship through embracing innovative technology: a tale from small rural enterprises in an emerging economy
Authors: Sandhu Navjot , Hussain Javed , Scott Jonathan M.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The study evaluates small marginal farmers’ (SMFs) potential behavior, attitude and trust in the adoption of innovative emerging technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed an agile multi-factor approach to conceptualize a digital marketplace to connect a supply chain ecosystem for stakeholders.

Findings

The empirical findings suggest that most SMFs are willing to embrace innovative technologies. Nonetheless, they lack the necessary technological oriented education, training and funds to innovate. However, their reluctance to adapt changes is attributable to their fear of losing past customs and practices; they were threatened by the reaction of intermediaries (arthyias) to the adoption of technologies, which could result in them suffering huge losses.

Originality/value

This innovative disintermediation business model has a significant potential to reduce information asymmetry, cost and hoarding – and can thus increase the SMFs’ profit margins. Agricultural technological innovations have a profound potential to impact their supply chain logistics positively by reducing the wastage of perishable food and thus enhancing the consumer experience.
Bridging the expatriate and host country national knowledge transfer gap: managing interaction anxiety and uncertainty
Authors: Hsu Yu-Shan , Chen Yu-Ping , Chiang Flora F.T. , Shaffer Margaret A.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Integrating anxiety and uncertainty management (AUM) theory and theory of organizing, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge management literature by examining the interdependent and bidirectional nature of knowledge transfer between expatriates and host country nationals (HCNs). Specifically, the authors investigate how receivers’ cognitive response to senders’ behaviors during their interactions becomes an important conduit between senders’ behaviors and the successful transfer of knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used the actor partner interdependence model to analyze data from 107 expatriate-HCN dyads. The authors collected the responses of these expatriate-HCN dyads in Shanghai, Taipei, Hong Kong, Vietnam, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and India.

Findings

Receivers’ interaction anxiety and uncertainty, as a response to senders’ relationship building behaviors, mediate the relationship between senders’ relationship building behaviors and successful knowledge transfer. When senders are expatriates, senders’ communication patience and relationship building behaviors interact to reduce the direct and indirect effects of both receivers’ interaction anxiety and uncertainty. However, when senders are HCNs, the moderation and moderated mediation models are not supported.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the knowledge management literature by investigating knowledge transfer between expatriates and HCNs using an interpersonal cross-cultural communication lens. The authors make refinements to AUM theory by going beyond the sender role to highlighting the interdependence between senders and receivers in the management of anxiety and uncertainty which, in turn, influences the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication. The study is also unique in that the authors underscore an important yet understudied construct, communication patience, in the successful transfer of knowledge.
Restrictive measures: a question of adequacy or a failure of targeted measures?
Authors: Cookman Daniel
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the adequacy of restrictive measures. Providing a synopsis of a global movement toward the imposition of target restrictive measures. Questioning the success of targeted restrictive measures in obtaining behavioural change. Identifying a reversion to the implementation of wide ranging sectoral restrictive measures in an attempt to encourage immediate behavioural change. Accessing the success of using restrictive measures to encourage democratic regimes in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is a desktop research that examines European Parliament and Council issued Regulations for the jurisdictions of Iran, Russia and Belarus. Academic research is also used in identifying a pendulum swing by global legislatures with respect to the imposition of targeted measures to requiring the imposition of additional wide ranging sectoral measures.

Findings

Targeted measures can be circumvented using non-hostile third countries. Academic research identifies that wide reaching sectoral sanctions encourage regime change. Therefore, where targeted measures fail to give rise to their desired persuasive objectives. The legislator moves to introduce additional measures, also comprising of sectoral sanctions. Sectoral sanctions have been applied by the European Union in Iran, Russia and Belarus. The USA has taken measures to limit Russia ability to use Turkey as a transshipment hub. The African continent case study identifies the importance of creating an architecture founded on upholding positive governance and human rights standards. Failure to do so leads to a revolving system of authoritarian regimes, sanctioned by restrictive measures.

Originality/value

This paper is a desktop review composed by the author.