bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Immune System Fails to Mount a Protective Response to Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative Bacterial Prostatitis
Authors: Lupo Federico , Rousseau Matthieu , Canton Tracy , Ingersoll Molly A.
Published: October 2020

Bacterial prostatitis affects 1% of men, with increased incidence in the elderly. Acute bacterial prostatitis frequently progresses to chronicity, marked by recurrent episodes interspersed with asymptomatic periods of variable duration. Antibiotic treatment is standard of care; however, dissemination of antimicrobially resistant uropathogens threatens therapy efficacy. Thus, development of nonantibiotic-based approaches to treat chronic disease is a priority. Currently, why chronic prostatitis arises is unclear, as the immune response to prostate infection is incompletely understood. As 80% of prostatitis cases are caused by Gram-negative uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) or Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis, we used a mouse transurethral instillation model to address the hypothesis that an innate immune response fails to develop following prostate infection with these uropathogens, leading to chronic disease. Surprisingly, infection induced robust proinflammatory cytokine expression and myeloid cell infiltration. Following a second infection, cytokine responses and innate cell infiltration were largely comparable to primary infection. Characteristic of memory responses, more lymphoid cells infiltrated the prostate in a second infection compared with a first, suggesting that adaptive immunity develops to eliminate the pathogens. Unexpectedly, bacterial burden in prostates challenged with either UPEC or E. faecalis was equal or greater than primary infection despite that a protective adaptive response to UPEC infection was evident in the bladder of the same animals. Our findings support that chronic or recurrent prostatitis develops despite strong innate immune responses and may be the result of a failure to develop immune memory to infection, pointing to actionable targets for immunotherapy.
THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF GENDER, CAREER, MORAL MINDSET ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES AND READINESS FOR EMPLOYABILITY AMONG ENGINEERING COLLEGES GRADUATES IN OMAN
Authors: Hinai Masoud Rashid Al , Bhuiyan Abul Bashar , Husin Nor Azilah
Published: October 2020

The Omani higher education system has enlarged noticeably since 1970 both in the number of students and in the infrastructure.  As a result, there has been a wide investment to provide quality higher educational institutes capable of providing suitable graduates to fulfill the requirements of both public and private sectors with a focus on females to assure equal gender educational and career opportunities chances. Therefore, graduates’ readiness for employability has become a major issue for Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in Oman due to the growing concern from governments and industries on the quality of the graduates.  Therefore, the main objective of the current study is to develop a conceptual framework for the graduate readiness for employability and incorporates the graduate attributes including human capital attributes, social capital attributes, individual attributes, institution-related attributes, and active learning attributes moderated by gender, career, and moral mindset among Engineering Graduate in Oman. The study uses available sources of existing literature based on the four main keywords ‘higher education’, ‘graduate attributes ‘or ‘readiness for employability, and ‘skills gaps in Oman’. The study also justified by the following theories which are human capital; education and economy development; behavior theory; and motivation theory. The literature utilized for this study covers the latest literature (from 2013 to 2020) extracted from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Scopus, and other online resources. Based on the summary findings, the study develops a framework that analyses the effects of influential factors on the graduate readiness for employability that will be considered as an empirical study on the graduates of the engineering colleges in Oman. Moreover, the study also concluded that there are moderating effects of gender, moral mindset, and career mindset on the influence factors and the graduate readiness for employability among Omani engineering colleges’ students. The results of the study will fill the gap in understanding the main factors affecting the attainment of graduates’ readiness for employability skills in Oman. The study recommends justifying this conceptual framework by empirical data from the Engineering Graduate in the Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) and draw a policy guideline for ensuring of readiness of engineering graduates for employability in the HEIs in Oman.
PEMBUKUAN USAHA TANI PADI DI DESA LEUHAN KECAMATAN JOHAN PAHLAWAN KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Bagio  , Teuku Athaillah
Published: October 2020

Petani dalam usaha taninya tidak hanya berkepentingan dalam peningkatan produksinya, tetapi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan yang pada akhirnya juga meningkatkan keuntungan bagi petani padi sawah. Tujuan dalam usaha tani yaitu bagaimana petani dapat memperbesar hasil dalam hal ini memperoleh keuntungan sehingga kehidupan seluruh keluarganya menjadi lebih baik. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini petani selalu memperhitungkan untung ruginya walaupun tidak secara tertulis. Sebagian besar petani yang ada di Desa Leuhan belum mencatat secara rinci biaya-biaya apa saja yang telah dikeluarkan untuk usaha tani Padi, mulai dari pembersihan lahan, penanaman, pemeliharan, panen, dan pasca panen. Petani hanya mengetahui hasil penjualan akhir berupa gabah tanpa mencacat berapa biaya yang habis dikeluarkan selama berusaha tani.  Sehingga belum diketahui pasti, pada akhir usaha tani padi sebenarnya petani mendapat keuntungan atau malah mengalami kerugian. Maka dari itu, perlu sekali yang namanya pembukuan usaha tani, sehingga petani dapat mengetahui seberapa besar perolehan pendapatan dari usaha tani padi tersebut. Sasaran peserta dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah kelompok petani usaha tani Padi dan masyarakat di Desa Leuhan, Kecamatan Johan pahlawan, Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode pelatihan berupa pemaparan materi mengenai pembukuan usaha tani padi secara sederhana. Respon kelompok tani dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat cukup baik dan kelompok tani antusias dalam menerima materi yang diberikan. Pembuatan pembukuan usaha tani padi telah disosialisasikan dengan baik kepada masyarakat khususnya petani padi. Tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman pembukuan usaha tani diserap dengan baik oleh para petani padi.
Título en español.
Authors: George Samuels  , Héctor R. Cibes
Published: October 2020

El estudio de la clorosis que afecta a la Dracaena sanderiana en Puerto Rico ha revelado lo siguiente: 1. La clorosis, que es un amarillamiento de las hojas jóvenes de la sanderiana, la causa una falta de hierro asimilable en la planta. 2. La clorosis fué hallada en suelos con pHes que variaron desde 4.2 hasta 7.5 y en texturas desde las arenas margosas hasta las arcillas pesadas. Estas últimas fueron las más predominantes en los suelos con desagüe pobre. 3. El uso del sulfato de hierro en aspersiones dio resultados poco satisfactorios debido a que produjo una especie de moteado o reverdecimiento irregular de las hojas y a que deja, además, un residuo de fea apariencia, el cual se hace difícil remover aunque se lave la hoja. 4. El uso de hierro en la forma orgánica EDTA (12 por ciento hierro metálico) en aspersiones (1 libra por cada 100 galones) dio resultados satisfactorios en el control de la clorosis sin dejar residuos o producir moteo. 5. Cuando el hierro EDTA se aplicó en solución a las raíces de las plantas, dio resultados satisfactorios, pero tomó más tiempo en actuar que cuando se usó en aspersiones. 6. Se hacen recomendaciones generales para el control de la clorosis producida por la falta de hierro en la sanderiana.
İTAKİ Düşme Riski Ölçeği'nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BARIŞ Veysel Karani , SEREN İNTEPELER Şeyda , İLERİ Serap , RASTGEL Hacer
Published: October 2020

Giriş: Hasta düşmelerinin önlenebilmesi için ilk olarak hastaların düşme risk faktörlerinin ve bu risk faktörlerine yönelik önleyici girişimlerin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Hastaların düşme risk faktörlerinin doğru belirlenebilmesi içinse geçerli ve güvenilir risk değerlendirme aracına ihtiyaç vardır. Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, İTAKİ Düşme Riski Ölçeği’nin psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Yöntem: Vaka-kontrol metodolojik tasarıma sahip olan araştırma, bir üniversite ve eğitim araştırma hastanesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Vaka ve kontrol grubunda yer alan toplam 605 hastanın bilgilerine hastanelerin bilgi işlem birimlerinden ve hasta dosyalarından ulaşılmıştır. İTAKİ Düşme Riski Ölçeği’nin güvenirliği Cronbach alpha katsayısı ve madde toplam puan korelasyonu, geçerliği ise alıcı işlem karakteristiği (ROC eğrisi), duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif ön görü değeri ve negatif öngörü değerleri hesaplanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: İTAKİ Düşme Riski Ölçeği’nin Cronbach alpha katsayısı .46 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen madde toplam puan korelasyon analizi sonucunda ölçekte yer alan altı maddenin toplam puan ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir korelasyona sahip olmadığı saptanmıştır. İTAKİ Düşme Riski Ölçeği’nin duyarlılık değeri .91, özgüllük değeri .17, pozitif öngörü değeri .36, negatif öngörü değeri ise .78 olarak hesaplanmıştır. ROC analizi sonucunda ROC Eğrisi Altında Kalan Alan .58 olarak hesaplanmıştır (p = .006, %95 Güven Aralığı = .53 - .64). Sonuç: Araştırma kapsamında İTAKİ Düşme Riski Ölçeği’nin güvenirliği ve ayırım gücü düşük saptanmıştır. Sonraki araştırmalarda ölçeğin revize edilerek daha geniş bir örneklemde uygulanması önerilir.
Accidentalidad vial
Authors: Gómez Montoya Jesús Evelio , Cuartas-Arias Mauricio
Published: October 2020

El propósito de este estudio fue comprender cómo la calidad del sueño, los cambios de las funciones ejecutivas y su posible asociación con la accidentalidad vial en los conductores de servicio de transporte público urbano son temas fundamentales para los escenarios de prevención de accidentes en las ciudades. Esta investigación se desarrolló con un diseño cuantitativo-analítico, observacional, prospectivo y retrospectivo, para evaluar estos tres puntos, a saber: la calidad de sueño, el funcionamiento ejecutivo y su relación con la siniestralidad de tránsito. A partir de un sondeo preliminar, realizado en trabajadores de servicio público y urbano en el 2010, se hizo una segunda evaluación en 2016 para examinar la trazabilidad de los cambios observables en los tres factores delimitados. Nuestro estudio pudo determinar que la perturbación del sueño sugiere una tendencia al deterioro en la ejecución de tareas que exigen flexibilidad y planificación, lo cual contribuye a aumentar la accidentalidad vial entre los conductores de servicio público.
Deporte femenino en Costa Rica, impugnación político-cultural y visibilización pública, 1935-1942
Authors: Urbina Gaitán Chester Rodolfo
Published: October 2020

Este artículo aborda los siguientes objetivos: Analizar el desarrollo deportivo femenino costarricense entre 1935 y 1942 y explicar cómo el baloncesto femenino durante esos mismos años contribuyó a que la mujer costarricense se empoderara de sus cuerpos, trazándose metas y venciendo prejuicios de género y de etnia. Para ello se recopilará la información que brinden los principales periódicos de la época. El análisis de los datos obtenidos permite concluir que la disciplina deportiva en mención les permitió a las mujeres costarricense ser dueñas de sus cuerpos y de sí mismas, marcándose metas personales, lo cual contribuyó a darle un mayor reconocimiento en la sociedad nacional y vencer prejuicios y mitos de género y de etnia; a la vez, que criticar la falta de apoyo del Estado hacia el deporte y su paternalismo. La mujer costarricense también ejecutó deportes como la gimnasia, el atletismo, el ciclismo, el ajedrez, la pelota vasca, la natación y el tenis. Empero, estos no fueron propagados ni apropiados por todo el territorio nacional principalmente por la falta de apoyo y promoción estatal y por el carácter elitista de su práctica.
SOBRE A EMPRESA, A APROPRIAÇÃO DO BUDISMO E A ÊNFASE NA PRODUTIVIDADE: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DE REPORTAGENS DA REVISTA EXAME
Authors: Cunha Natália Nunes da , Bergmann Charles Buchweitz , Rodrigues Marcio Silva
Published: October 2020

A forte influência do modelo empresarial sobre os humanos e as organizações tem se tornado cada vez mais presente nas sociedades modernas, promovendo o que se compreende como o processo de empresarização. Seguindo estes argumentos, o objetivo deste texto é evidenciar a incorporação de práticas religiosas budistas no espaço empresarial, destacando os impactos que estas vêm sofrendo pela apropriação e distorção em seus princípios. Para desenvolver esta pesquisa de natureza predominantemente qualitativa, analisamos reportagens, retiradas da revista EXAME, que apresentavam conteúdo relacionado ao tema. De maneira geral, a análise das reportagens revela que as empresas estão constantemente se apropriando de alguns conhecimentos budistas com o intuito de aumentar a produtividade e completar as lacunas que elas (empresas) ocasionam.
Square Your Circle: How to Ensure a Just Transition to Reuse Business Models in Apparel
Authors: Drew Deborah , Dickerson Austin , Gillick-Daniels Sam , Metzger Eliot
Published: October 2020

This guidebook aims to help companies identify the stakeholders in their supply chain and recognize the effects their transition to reuse business models may have on them. It is intended to be a guide, as part of a learning process, to ensure the transition to a reuse model, a component of the circular economy, is equitable and just. The guidebook takes companies through three steps of identifying who their stakeholders are, what effects are felt by these stakeholders, and target setting to mitigate risks to these stakeholders and identify partners to support a transition to an equitable reuse business model.
مدى توافر مهارات التفكير ما وراء المعرفي لدى طلبة قسم الرياضيات كلية التربية ردفان
Authors: Al-Mas Adel , Al-shaybah Nasser
Published: October 2020

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مستوى التفكير ما وراء المعرفي لدى طلبة قسم الرياضيات كلية التربية ردفان، جامعة عدن، وعلاقته بكل من: التحصيل، والمستوى الدراسي، والجنس. وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (56) طالباً وطالبةً منهم (28) طالباً و(28) طالبةً موزعين على السنوات الدراسية الأربع لبرنامج البكلاريوس، استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي لمناسبته للبحث، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة أعد الباحثان مقياساً لمهارات التفكير ما وراء المعرفي، وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى التفكير ما وراء المعرفي للطلبة في المتوسط، وأنها توجد علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مستوى التفكير ما وراء المعرفي والتحصيل، وكانت أهم التوصيات

- الإهتمام برفع مستوى التفكير ما وراء المعرفي لطلبة كلية التربية ردفان.

- زيادة مستوى التحصيل الأكاديمي للطلبة وربطه بمهارات التفكير المختلفة.
حضور اللهجة الصُّبَيْحِيَّة في الشعر الجاهلي (ملامح ودلالات وتعقيبات)
Authors: Sahran Nora Ali Yslam
Published: October 2020

من خلال قراءاتي ديوان الشعر الجاهلي، وجدت تشابهًا معجميًّا ودلاليًّا في كثير من الألفاظ بينه وبين لهجة قبائل الصَّبَّيْحَة من القبائل اليمنية، فآثرت أنْ أقوم بهذه الدراسة؛ لأكشف للمتلقي مدى العلاقة بين لهجة تلك القبائل واللغة العربية الفصحى، وبخاصة بعد أنْ علمت أنّ كثيرًا من الدراسات اللغوية الحديثة، كانت تستبعد اللهجة اليمنية؛ كونها غير عربية، مستشهدين بقول أبي عمرو بن العلاء "ما لسان حمير وأقاصي اليمن - اليوم - بلساننا، ولا عربيتهم بعربيتنا"، متجاهلين أنّ كثيرًا من شعراء الساحة الأدبية العربية - منذُ العصر الجاهلي -  من أصول يمنية.

وبعد استقراء الشعر الجاهلي وتتبع ملامح اللهجة الصُّبَيْحِيَّة فيه، عمدتُ إلى استخراج الكلمات المتناولة والمتبادلة إلى يومنا هذا بين أفراد قبائل الصَّبَّيْحَة، ومن ثم بيان دلالتها في اللهجة المحلية ومقارنتها مع معاني الألفاظ وتفسيراتها الواردة في لسان العرب وفي شروحات الدواوين وكذا بيان مدى توافقها أو اختلافها مع تلك الشروحات والتفسيرات.
Screening for malnutrition in oral cavity cancer patients prior to treatment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haissan Iftikhar  , Anwar Suhail  , Amna Urooba  , Karim Rizwan Nathani  , Zeeshan Shaikh  , Muhammad Wasif
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the frequency of pre-operative malnourishment in patients being treated for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. A retrospective chart review was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, on 62 patients. Patients were screened pre-operatively through a standard nutritional assessment tool at the time of admission to assess for malnutrition. Mean age of presentation was 48.34 ± 13.11 years, mean height was 165 ± 8.62cm, weight 66.09 ± 14.98 kg and BMI of 24.09 ± 4.84. Males were 82.3% and 17.7% were females. At the time of admission, a significant number or patients, 12 (19.4%) were prone to malnourishment, while 3 (4.8%) patients were malnourished: Assessment was done by using a standardised nutritional assessment tool.

Keywords: Malnutrition, Squamous cell Carcinoma, Radiotherapy

Continuous...
THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE BANKING SYSTEM IN ROMANIA UNDER THE IMPACT OF FDI
Authors: Cocriş Vasile , Sârbu Maria-Ramona
Published: October 2020

Foreign banks represent important channels for the transfer of productive resources, managerial and organizational skills and experience accumulated on international level, which led to increased competition in the banking market in Romania, which contributed to some extent to the profitability of the Romanian banking sector. The purpose of the current attempt of research is the analysis of the structural evolution of the banking sector in Romania, under the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI). Analyzing the structural evolution of the Romanian banking sector, there can be observed that in 2015, FDI has influenced some important merger operations on a level with branches of foreign banks in Romania, and over 85% of the total capital of the banking system in our country belongs to credit institutions with foreign majority ownership and to their branches. Regarding the origin of the foreign capital of credit institutions, it originates from the member states of the European Union (EU). It is also worthy of note that in 2015, the top ten banks in the banking sector of Romania held 71.6% of the assets, while the remaining 26 banks held a share of only 28.4% of the market. Banca Comercială Română, BRD - Groupe Société Générale and Banca Transilvania are in 2015 the main banks in the Romanian banking system, with a major market share.
Analisa Resiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di PT. X
Authors: Irma Fahrizal Butsi Ningsih  , Muslimah Muslimah , Sunardi
Published: October 2020

Untuk memberikan perlindungan tenaga kerja dari kecelakaan dan penyakit akibat kerja, maka perusahaan haruslah terlebih dahulu memahami resiko dan potensi bahaya yang ada pada pekerjaan yang mereka jalankan. Potensi bahaya merupakan suatu potensi untuk terjadinya insiden yang berakibat kerugian sedangkan risiko adalah kombinasi dan konsekuensi suatu kejadian berbahaya dan peluang terjadinya kejadian tersebut (ILO). Menurut Direktur Pelayanan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Krishna Syarif dalam finance.detik.com "Sepanjang 2017, menurut statistik kami terjadi peningkatan kecelakaan kerja sekira 20 persen dibandingkan 2016 secara nasional".  Total kecelakaan kerja pada 2017 sebanyak 123 ribu kasus dengan nilai klaim Rp 971 miliar lebih. Angka ini meningkat dari tahun 2016 dengan nilai klaim hanya Rp 792 miliar lebih. Sedangkan menurut Kepala Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Ketenagakerjaan Kantor Cabang Pontianak Ady Hendratta dalam Tribun Pontianak menerangkan “Angka kecelakaan kerja sepanjang Januari 2018 sebanyak 99 kasus di Kalimantan Barat. Ada 99 kasus kecelakaan kerja yang didominasi oleh perkebunan sawit. Persentasenya 40 persen". Dari data kecelakaan kerja tersebut, maka dapat dihitung bahwa 40% dari 99 kasus yang terjadi sebanyak 40 kasus kecelakaan kerja terjadi di perusahaan perkebunan sawit di Kalimantan Barat dalam tempo 1 bulan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas maka penulis tertarik untuk membahas tentang Analisa Resiko Keselamatan dan Kecelakaan Kerja di PT. X yang merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang Perkebunan dan Pengolahan Sawit. Dari hasil analisa disimpulkan bahwa resiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang paling dominan adalah pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan bahan kimia seperti pupuk, pestisida / herbisida, insektisida. Pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan bahan kimia, jika syarat alat pelindung diri dipenuhi dan ditaati kemungkinan untuk terjadi kecelakaan memang kecil, tetapi hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan penyakit akibat kerja, karena efek dari bahan kimia tersebut adalah efek jangka panjang.
Realizing Exceptional Structures of Certain Dialects: Arabic Syntax; تقنينُ العادات اللغويّة التركيبيّة في النَّحو العربيّ
Authors: El-Malkh Hassan Khamis
Published: October 2020

The research, in an analytical method, aimed at presenting an approach that answers the question of how the Arab grammarian audience responds to this vision in structuring the Arabic grammar, basing itself on the fact that the Arabic language has regular usage habits at the level of the nation, group or individual. It turned out that after describing the Arabic language, they succeeded in sorting them according to the degree of the linguistic regularity, and they contained most of the dialectical customs in its rulings The grammatical permissibility of linguistic tolerance is taken from the teaching of grammar as a joint tool in making a general grammatical opinion, although some of its rulings have shadows from the incomparable anomalies, and the research has concluded that the grammatical correctness has come after an eras of an era of critical educational outcome pointing towards a unifed vision to the provisions governing rightness in Arabic grammar, even if the grammarians differ in their interpretation. Keywords: Arabic grammar. Language habits. Dialects انبنى البحثُ على أنَّ اللغة العربيّة عاداتٌ استعماليّة مُنتظَمةٌ على مستوى الأُمَّة أو الجماعة أو الفرد، فسعى بمنهج تحليليٍّ إلى تقديم مُقاربة تُجيب عن سؤال كيفيّة استجابةِ جمهور نحاة العربيّة لهذه الرؤية في بنائهم النحوَ العربيّ؛ فتبيَّن أنَّهم نجحوا بعدَ وَصْفِ العربيّة في فرْزِها حَسْبَ درجةِ الانتظام اللغويّ، فاحتوَوا مُعْظَمَ العادات اللَهْجيّة في أحكام الجواز النحويّ على سبيل التَّسامُح اللغويّ مُتَّخِذينَ من تعليم النحو أداةً مِفْصَليّةً في صناعةِ رأيٍ نحويّ عام واحد تقريبا، وإن كانت لبعض أحكامِه ظِلالٌ من الشَّواذِّ التي لا يُقاسُ عليها، وقد توصَّل البحثُ إلى أنَّ الصواب النحويّ صارَ بعد عَصْرِ الاحتجاجِ مُخْرَجا تعليميّا دالًا على رُؤيةٍ مُوحَّدةٍ تقريبا للأحكام الضابطةِ للصواب في النَّحو العربيّ، وإن اختلفَ النحاةُ في تفسيرها.
The Ellipses (omission) and Increase in the Quranic Script and their impact on the Statement of the Explanatory Semantics in Surat Al-Kahf:
الحذف والزيادة في الرسم القرآني وأثرهما في بيان الدلالات التفسيرية في سورة الكهف
Authors: Alzubaidi Muneer Ahmad
Published: October 2020

The study aimed at showing the effect of the deletion and the increase in the Qur'anic drawing in the statement of interpretive semantics in Surah Al-Kahf. The researcher followed in his study the inductive, analytic and deductive method. The most prominent of these results were the existence of Quranic words with a different drawing than the standard drawing in terms of deletion and increase. There is something to be contemplated and learned, and then to know its secrets. An increase in the lettering of the word for the usual word suggests an increase in meaning. The increase in the building is followed by an increase in meaning. Moreover, the increase of the building can lead to the meaning of laxity Or meditation and reflection, a The result is also that: The lack of drawing the letters of the Quranic word from the usual word suggests the speed of the event, or the speed of the action and its effect on the actor, or indicates the shrinkage of the meaning and pressure or the connection of parts, , And as the study shows the close relationship between the science of drawing and Quranic recitations, and the extent of the association of each other, so scientists counted the approval of the Ottoman drawing is a condition of the correct recitation.
Keywords: Quranic drawing, deletion and increase, interpretation, meanings and indications.
هدفت الدراسة إلى بيان أثر الحذف والزيادة في الرسم القرآني في بيان الدلالات التفسيرية في سورة الكهف، واتبع الباحث في دراسته المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي والاستنباطي، وكان من أبرز نتائجها: إن وجود كلمات قرآنية برسم مختلف عن الرسم القياسي من حيث الحذف والزيادة، يستدعي الوقوف والنظر إلى أن هناك أمرًا يجب تأمله وتدبره، ومن ثم الوقوف على أسراره، كما إن وجود زيادة في رسم حروف الكلمة عن الكلمة المعتادة يوحي بزيادة في المعنى، فالزيادة في المبنى يتبعها زيادة في المعنى، وكذلك فإن زيادة المبنى يمكن أن يؤدي إلى معنى التراخي، أو التمهل أو التأمل والتفكر، أو انفصال أجزائه، وهذا ما أثبتته الدراسة، ومن النتائج أيضًا: إن وجود نقص في رسم حروف الكلمة القرآنية عن الكلمة المعتادة يوحي بسرعة الحدث، أو سرعة وقوع الفعل وسهولته على الفاعل، أو يدل على انكماش المعنى وضغطه، أو اتصال أجزائه، وهذا ما أثبتته الدراسة، وكما تبين من خلال الدراسة العلاقة الوثيقة بين علم الرسم والقراءات القرآنية، ومدى ارتباط بعضهما ببعض، لذا عدَّ العلماء موافقة الرسم العثماني شرطًا من شروط القراءة الصحيحة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الرسم القرآني، الحذف والزيادة، التفسير، المعاني والدلالات.
The effect of regular fitness training, sex hormones, and turnover of selected bone markers on sclerostin levels in young women
Authors: Plinta Ryszard , Czajkowska Mariola , Pisula Magdalena , Brzęk Anna , Knapik Andrzej , Olszanecka-Glinianowicz Magdalena , Skrzypulec-Plinta Violetta
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Regular physical activity (PA) is a recognized factor stimulating bone formation. In recent years, osteocytes have been shown to be involved in the metabolism of bone tissue in addition to osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of regular fitness training, sex hormones, and selected bone turnover markers on sclerostin levels in young women.

Material and methods

The cross-sectional study involved 78 women including 39 who regularly engaged in fitness training (for one hour three times a week for three months) and 39 leading a sedentary lifestyle. Anthropometric measurements and glucose, lipids, insulin, estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), vitamin D, osteocalcin, β isomer of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTx) and sclerostin levels were measured.

Results

Activity of women (study group) who were on a high level of PA ranged between 2262 and 6606 MET/min/week (mean, 3843.16; SD = 1230). All of the control group were on low level of PA (198-1617 MET/min/week; mean, 841.06; SD = 302.01). Significantly higher levels of iPTH and β-CTx were observed in the study than in the control group (p < 0.01). We did not observe differences in vitamin D (p > 0.12), osteocalcin (p > 0.23), or sclerostin levels (p > 0.37) between groups. There were significant negative correlations between log10 sclerostin and log10 DHEA levels (r = –0.24; p < 0.05). A multivariate stepwise backward linear regression model for sclerostin as an independent variable, with the explanatory variables physical activity, estradiol, testosterone, and DHEA levels, did not reveal any effect on changes of sclerostin levels. The model with the explanatory variables vitamin D, iPTH, β-CTx, and osteocalcin also did not show effects on changes of sclerostin levels.

Conclusions

Our results show that regular fitness training, sex hormones, vitamin D, iPTH, β-CTx, and osteocalcin did not influence circulating sclerostin levels in young women.
Modelling mixed-phase clouds with the large-eddy model UCLALES–SALSA
Authors: Ahola Jaakko , Korhonen Hannele , Tonttila Juha , Romakkaniemi Sami , Kokkola Harri , Raatikainen Tomi
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The large-eddy model UCLALES–SALSA, with an exceptionally detailed aerosol description for both aerosol number and chemical composition, has been extended for ice and mixed-phase clouds.
Comparison to a previous mixed-phase cloud model intercomparison study confirmed the accuracy of newly implemented ice microphysics.
A further simulation with a heterogeneous ice nucleation scheme, in which ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are also a prognostic variable, captured the typical layered structure of Arctic mid-altitude mixed-phase cloud: a liquid layer near cloud top and ice within and below the liquid layer.
In addition, the simulation showed a realistic freezing rate of droplets within the vertical cloud structure.
The represented detailed sectional ice microphysics with prognostic aerosols is crucially important in reproducing mixed-phase clouds.
Verification of a Python-based TRANsport Simulation Environment for density-driven fluid flow and coupled transport of heat and chemical species
Authors: Kempka Thomas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Numerical simulation has become an inevitable tool for improving the understanding on coupled processes in the geological subsurface and its utilisation.
However, most of the available open source and commercial modelling codes do not come with flexible chemical modules or simply do not offer a straight-forward way to couple third-party chemical libraries.
For that reason, the simple and efficient TRANsport Simulation Environment (TRANSE) has been developed based on the Finite Difference Method in order to solve the density-driven formulation of the Darcy flow equation, coupled with the equations for transport of heat and chemical species.
Simple explicit, weighted semi-implicit or fully-implicit numerical schemes are available for the solution of the system of partial differential equations, whereby the entire numerical code is composed of less than 1000 lines of Python code, only.
A diffusive flux-corrected advection scheme can be employed in addition to pure upwinding to minimise numerical diffusion in advection-dominated transport problems.
The objective of the present study is to verify the numerical code implementation by means of benchmarks for density-driven fluid flow and advection-dominated transport.
In summary, TRANSE exhibits a very good agreement with established numerical simulation codes for the benchmarks investigated here. Consequently, its applicability to numerical density-driven flow and transport problems is proven.
The main advantage of the presented numerical code is that the implementation of complex problem-specific couplings between flow, transport and chemical reactions becomes feasible without substantial investments in code development using a low-level programming language, but the easy-to-read and -learn Python programming language.
Leveraging spatial textures, through machine learning, to identify aerosols and distinct cloud types from multispectral observations
Authors: Marais Willem J. , Holz Robert E. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Willett Rebecca M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Current cloud and aerosol identification methods for multispectral radiometers, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), employ multichannel spectral tests on individual pixels (i.e., fields of view). The use of the spatial information in cloud and aerosol algorithms has been primarily through statistical parameters such as nonuniformity tests of surrounding pixels with cloud classification provided by the multispectral microphysical retrievals such as phase and cloud top height. With these methodologies there is uncertainty in identifying optically thick aerosols, since aerosols and clouds have similar spectral properties in coarse-spectral-resolution measurements. Furthermore, identifying clouds regimes (e.g., stratiform, cumuliform) from just spectral measurements is difficult, since low-altitude cloud regimes have similar spectral properties. Recent advances in computer vision using deep neural networks provide a new opportunity to better leverage the coherent spatial information in multispectral imagery. Using a combination of machine learning techniques combined with a new methodology to create the necessary training data, we demonstrate improvements in the discrimination between cloud and severe aerosols and an expanded capability to classify cloud types. The labeled training dataset was created from an adapted NASA Worldview platform that provides an efficient user interface to assemble a human-labeled database of cloud and aerosol types. The convolutional neural network (CNN) labeling accuracy of aerosols and cloud types was quantified using independent Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and MODIS cloud and aerosol products. By harnessing CNNs with a unique labeled dataset, we demonstrate the improvement of the identification of aerosols and distinct cloud types from MODIS and VIIRS images compared to a per-pixel spectral and standard deviation thresholding method. The paper concludes with case studies that compare the CNN methodology results with the MODIS cloud and aerosol products.
Do degree and rate of silicate weathering depend on plant productivity?
Authors: Oeser Ralf A. , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Plants and their associated below-ground microbiota
possess the tools for rock weathering. Yet the quantitative evaluation of
the impact of these biogenic weathering drivers relative to abiogenic
parameters, such as the supply of primary minerals, water, and acids,
is an open question in Critical Zone research. Here we present a novel
strategy to decipher the relative impact of these drivers. We quantified the
degree and rate of weathering and compared these to nutrient uptake along
the “EarthShape” transect in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. These sites
define a major north–south gradient in precipitation and primary
productivity but overlie granitoid rock throughout. We present a dataset of
the chemistry of Critical Zone compartments (bedrock, regolith, soil, and
vegetation) to quantify the relative loss of soluble elements (the “degree
of weathering”) and the inventory of bioavailable elements. We use
87Sr∕86Sr isotope ratios to identify the sources of mineral
nutrients to plants. With rates from cosmogenic nuclides and biomass growth
we determined fluxes (“weathering rates”), meaning the rate of loss of
elements out of the ecosystems, averaged over weathering timescales
(millennia), and quantified mineral nutrient recycling between the bulk
weathering zone and the bulk vegetation cover. We found that neither the
degree of weathering nor the weathering rates increase systematically with
precipitation from north to south along the climate and vegetation gradient.
Instead, the increase in biomass nutrient demand is accommodated by faster
nutrient recycling. In the absence of an increase in weathering rate despite
a five-fold increase in precipitation and net primary
productivity (NPP), we hypothesize that plant
growth might in fact dampen weathering rates. Because plants are thought to
be key players in the global silicate weathering–carbon feedback, this
hypothesis merits further evaluation.
Surprising absence of strong homonuclear coupling at low magnetic field explored by two-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Zhukov Ivan V. , Kiryutin Alexey S. , Wang Ziqing , Zachrdla Milan , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V. , Ivanov Konstantin L. , Ferrage Fabien
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Strong coupling of nuclear spins, which is achieved when their scalar
coupling 2πJ is greater than or comparable to the difference
Δω in their Larmor precession frequencies in an external magnetic field, gives rise to efficient coherent longitudinal polarization transfer. The strong coupling regime can be achieved when the external magnetic field is sufficiently low, as Δω is reduced proportional to the field strength. In the present work, however, we
demonstrate that in heteronuclear spin systems these simple arguments may
not hold, since heteronuclear spin–spin interactions alter the
Δω value. The experimental method that we use is two-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), exploiting sample shuttling between the high field, at which NMR spectra are acquired, and the low field, where strong couplings are expected and at which NMR pulses can be applied to affect the spin dynamics. By using this technique, we generate zero-quantum
spin coherences by means of a nonadiabatic passage through a level
anticrossing and study their evolution at the low field. Such zero-quantum
coherences mediate the polarization transfer under strong coupling
conditions. Experiments performed with a 13C-labeled amino acid
clearly show that the coherent polarization transfer at the low field is
pronounced in the 13C spin subsystem under proton decoupling. However, in the absence of proton decoupling, polarization transfer by coherent processes is dramatically reduced, demonstrating that heteronuclear spin–spin interactions suppress the strong coupling regime, even when the external field is low. A theoretical model is presented, which can model the reported experimental results.
Percepção dos profissionais atuantes nas UTI’s quanto à importância de condutas de saúde bucal
Authors: Noca de Souza Helen Tayná , Feitosa Diala Aretha de Sousa , Alencar Amanda de Macedo , Oliveira Kalyne Morais de , Santos Italo Kennedy Silva
Published: October 2020

Introdução: a cavidade bucal é constituída de inúmeros microrganismos que favorecem o desenvolvimentode doenças quando o paciente se encontra imunossuprimido. Considerando esse fato, surge o interesse emavaliar as condições bucais de pacientes hospitalizados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Objetivo: estetrabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a percepção dos profissionais atuantes nas UTIs dos principais hospitaisda região do Cariri do Ceará, quanto à importância das condutas de saúde bucal, o conhecimento dos profissionais sobre a associação da condição bucal e geral dos pacientes internos, analisar a existência de protocolos de higiene bucal para o paciente internado na UTI e justificar se há importância do cirurgião-dentista neste ambiente. Materiais e método: para obtenção de dados, foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo transversal, na qual o instrumento para avaliação dos entrevistados foi um questionário constituído por 8 questões de múltipla escolha e 7 discursivas, abordando conteúdos relacionados aos objetivos da pesquisa. Resultados: de acordo com a análise de dados, foi observado que: a higienização bucal é realizada com antissépticos, sendo a clorexidina, a substância mais utilizada. A frequência da descontaminação era realizada nos intervalos de 6 e 12 horas. A higienização da língua era realizada por meio do tracionamento e limpeza com gaze, a mucosa não era higienizada. Não foi relatado o uso de saliva artificial e a realização de cursos de capacitações. Considerações finais: foi concluído neste estudo que muitos dos profissionais deixam a desejar na higienização bucal, visando apenas ao quadro de internação do paciente e, que, o dentista ainda não está incluído nas equipes de saúde que atuam diretamente nessas unidades, sendo uma das causas de deficiências nesses cuidados.
Resenha - GUIMARÃES, VALERIA LIMA. O turismo levado a sério: discursos e relações de poder no Brasil e na Argentina (1933-1946). 333f. Tese (Doutorado em História Comparada) - Instituto de História, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2012.
Authors: Bastos Denise De Morais , Cheibub Bernardo Lazary
Published: October 2020

O texto resenha a tese de doutorado de Valéria Guimarães no campo da história do turismo. Apresenta as reflexões da autora que se dedica a estudar discursos e práticas turísticas produzidos no Brasil e na Argentina, entre os anos de 1933 e 1946, quando os dois países passaram pela experiência de governos autoritários. As principais contribuições da pesquisa foram identificadas, especialmente a crítica a uma história do turismo linear, descritiva, amparada em relações de causa-efeito, consolidada em cronologias e pautada por mitos fundadores. Outra contribuição que se destaca é a refutação de duas ideias: a de que a II Guerra Mundial paralisou por completo os fluxos turísticos mundiais e a de que a primeira expressão de política de turismo no Brasil foi a criação da Comissão Brasileira de Turismo (Combratur). As potencialidades tanto do método da história comparada quanto dos periódicos como fontes documentais nas pesquisas sobre história do turismo foram igualmente analisadas.
Student Voice in an Extended Curriculum Programme in the Era of Social Media: A systematic Review of Academic Literature
Authors: Chukwuere Joshua Ebere
Published: October 2020

Student voice in this digital age and across higher learning institutions is increasing exponentially with the function of social media. Student voice provides a vibrant communication pathway to extended curriculum programme students in higher education institutions. Social media ensures active participation of extended curriculum programme students in generating views and ideas that define the higher learning environment and experience towards better learning conditions and outcomes. A systematic literature review was used in gathering scientific papers through trusted academic databases. The systematic literature review was conducted between the period of 1 April 2019 and 28 September 2019, by looking into the contents of articles covering the current research objectives. The study’s findings show that social media provides an effective and instant spread of the extended curriculum programme students’ voice across higher education learning institutions. It also allows the students in the extended curriculum programme to engage with each other and the institutional management promptly. Social media promotes extended curriculum programme students’ voice in reaching the right audience at the right time. The results of this study are key for extended curriculum programme students, lecturers, and university management in understanding and applying social media effectively and in bringing transformation to South African higher education institutions and beyond.
Production of jacaranda plantlets by minicutting
Authors: Fauerharmel Mariana , Bisognin Dilson Antônio , Lencina Kelen Haygert , Tonetto Thaíse da Silva , Meltzer Jonas Marcelo , Maggioni Joane Helena
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the production of jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don) plantlets by minicutting. For this, a mini-clonal hedge was established to supply sprouts for minicuttings. For adventitious rooting, the minicuttings were treated with hydroalcoholic solution of indolebutyric acid at concentrations of 0, 1000, and 2000 mg L-1 and grown in a greenhouse. The survival of minicuttings was evaluated at 30, 60, and 90 days, and rooting, callus, sprouting, leaf area, root area, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and aerial/root dry mass ratio were assessed at 90 days. The rooted minicuttings were treated with different volumes of nutrient solution (0, 25, and 50 mL) and were evaluated for survival, height, diameter, leaf area, root area, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, and aerial/root dry mass ratio of the plantlets after 30 days of cultivation in a shade house and full sunlight. Jacaranda can be established in a mini-clonal hedge for the production of shoots necessary for the preparation of minicuttings. The minicuttings are rooted in a greenhouse without use of indolebutyric acid. The plantlets produced can be acclimatized in a shade house and rustified in full sun. Jacaranda plantlets can be produced by minicuttings.
Germination and vigour in genotypes of forage sorghum at different levels of water and salt stress
Authors: Nunes Luma Rayane de Lima , Cruz Miller Clementino , Pinheiro Charles Lobo , Sousa Geocleber Gomes de , Dutra Alek Sandro
Published: October 2020

Salinity and water deficiency are abiotic factors which have a strong impact on agricultural activities, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this research was to analyse the tolerance of two genotypes of forage sorghum, EA 116 and BRS Ponta Negra, to different levels of water and salt stress during germination. The conditions of water and salt stress were simulated by moistening the substrate with a solution of mannitol and of sodium chloride (NaCl) respectively, with the water potential adjusted to 0 (distilled water), -0.1, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4, -0.5 and -0.6 MPa. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first count, germination speed index, shoot and root length, seedling dry weight, electrolyte leakage and leaf Na+/K+ ratio. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, and distributed in a 2 (genotypes) × 2 (stress condition) × 7 (osmotic potential) factorial scheme, with four replications. The EA 116 and BRS Ponta Negra genotypes show greater tolerance to water stress. The EA 116 cultivar maintained germination under water stress from 0 to -0.6 MPa and saline stress from 0 to -0.4 MPa.
Integrated Multi-criteria Land Suitability Evaluation and Mapping for Scaling Malt Barley Varieties in Rain-Fed Production Areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Adamu , Nigussie Demeke , Bishaw Zewdie , Mulugeta Wondafrash , Biradar Chandrashekhar
Published: October 2020

Information on variety specific land suitability analysis was not available in Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated multi-criteria land suitability analysis and mapping for contrasting malt barley varieties was carried out to identify where and how much potentially suitable land exists in the country. The main factors considered for analysis include rainfall and temperature during the growing period, length of growing period, digital elevation models, (altitude and slope data) and soil characteristics (types, pH, depth, texture and drainage). The malt barley varieties included are late maturing Bekoji-1, EH1847 and Holker; and early maturing Grace, IBON 174/03 and Sabini. For classification of the data layers according to the degree of suitability for each variety, various reports and other relevant information were reviewed and used in defining the limits of the suitability ranges of malt barley varieties. The overall suitability was computed by multiplying the selected criteria weight by the assigned sub-criteria score and summing these values in the ArcGIS Model Builder. The analysis showing the extent and patterns of suitable land area available for the selected malt barley varieties are presented in the form of tabular data and maps. Highly suitable areas for these varieties include: 125,332 ha for Bekoji-1; 124,004 ha for EH1847; 775,312 ha for Grace; 125,356 ha for Holker; 1,677,388 ha for IBON 174/03; and 307,952 ha for Sabini. The results suggest that current improved malt barley varieties can be targeted for scaling out in the identified land suitability classes in the highlands of Ethiopia. Results also suggest that future research and development works should give priority for developing early maturing, acidic and waterlogging soil tolerant malt barley varieties. The results can be useful for policy and decision making to ensure land resources are used in the most productive and sustainable ways and solve the mismatches between current land use and land suitability for malt barley varieties in the country.
Profitability Development of Dairy Farms in Slovenia
Authors: Jankulovski Nikolche , Bojkovska Katerina , Mihajlovski Goran , Jankulovska Angelka
Published: October 2020

The importance of the dairy industry for the regional and national economy is essential. This paper highlights the financial performance and profitable development of dairy farms in Slovenia by examining milk production. In this study, the correlation of variables representing the number of cows, forage area and milk production were found to be very strong with values of R = 0.85; R – 0.95; R = 0.79. The farm size has an impact on cost ratios, liquidity, return on assets, and debt. The interactions of these significant factors are evaluated as return on investments.