bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outline Framework for NFTs and Blockchains for Digital Provenance
Authors: Garnett Philip
Published: February 2023

There has been a lot of hype around blockchains and non fungible tokens (NFTs). However the technology is yet to establish itself beyond a limited number of fairly specific use cases, namely cryptocurrency and digital art. This commentary seeks to propose an outline framework for NFTs and Blockchains for digital provenance of important digital artifacts such as citizen intelligence and newspapers. This article develops an outline framework and reasoning for NFT and Blockchain technology to be used to establish provenance of digital artifacts in what is an increasingly contested digital space. A space where the subtle (and perhaps not so subtle) manipulation of video, images, and all forms of digital evidence and documents by humans, and increasingly artificial intelligence, could be used to challenge contemporary narratives and manipulate the past. This framework should be seen as an opening proposal to ignite discussion, as the establishment of any technology in this space should not be done without careful consideration. Nor should it be done by a single individual or group.
The Future of Adaptive E-Learning: Trends and Directions
Authors: Iyer Parag , Debang Mani
Published: February 2023

With the proliferation of AI and modern leveraging technology, the field of education hasadvanced significantly. The "one size fits all" theme is fading in popularity nowadays. In order togive a uniquely created environment that meets the needs and requirements of the learner,contemporary e-learning research focuses on tailored solutions. To provide a better learningexperience, adaptive systems typically use learning Styles. This review tries to present thetheoretical and technological underpinnings of e-learning systems. The learner model, adaptabilitymodule, and domain module are examined to emphasize the significance and value of adaptive e-learningsystems, incorporating more contemporary adaptation strategies.
Staphylococcal-scalded skin syndrome: A case series at Hai Phong Children Hospital
Authors:   Hai Phong Children Hospital, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh
Published: February 2023

Staphylococcal-scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a widespread, scaly erythematous condition caused by the exfoliative toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. This disease usually affects children under 5 years of age with common symptoms of scabbing and blistering, which often responds quickly to antibiotic therapy. The authors reported 4 cases of children with SSSS, all identified as under 2 years of age and admitted at Hai Phong Children Hospital. The disease appeared with initial symptoms accompanied by fever, all 4 children were early detected and treated with antibiotics, so they showed good signs of recovery.
Preparation of hydrogel containing chitosan and virgin coconut oil using the freeze-thawing method
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Le Xuan Truong , Tran Van Thanh ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Hoang Kim Nghi ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to formulate a hydrogel membrane containing chitosan (CS) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) using repeated cycles of freezing and thawing (F-T) for wound dressing applications. This study evaluated the effects of degree of hydrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), solution concentration and thickness, number of F-T cycles, CS proportion on the sensory properties, swelling ratio, and gel fraction of hydrogels. The antibacterial ability of PVA/CS/VCO membrane against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The results showed that PVA with a high degree of hydrolysis (over 99%) easily generated hydrogel after several F-T cycles. The thicker the hydrogel membrane or the higher the concentration of PVA solution was, the lower the flexibility, elasticity, swelling ratio was, and the higher the gel fraction was. The formula including 10% PVA solution, the ratio of CS to PVA is 40%, 5% w/w VCO, through 3 F-T cycles created hydrogel with suitable properties and good antibacterial activity.
The Rise (and Fall?) of Inflation in Canada: A Detailed Analysis of Its Post-Pandemic Experience
Authors: Chen Yu , Tombe Trevor
Published: February 2023

Le taux d’inflation au Canada a atteint des sommets générationnels en 2022. La présente étude examine cette hausse rapide. En utilisant de nouvelles méthodes et des données détaillées sur la consommation des ménages, l’article identifie séparément les hausses de prix induites par la demande et l’offre. Nous constatons que cette dernière explique la majeure partie de la hausse de l’inflation, en particulier en ce qui concerne les produits à forte consommation d’énergie et les produits fortement échangés. En outre, nous constatons que les produits dont les prix varient de manière normalement transitoire, ou qui sont particulièrement sensibles aux taux d’intérêt sont à l’origine de la quasi-totalité de l’augmentation. Cette étude jette un éclairage nouveau et important sur les tendances récentes de l’inflation et illustre de nouvelles méthodes empiriques capables d’apporter une valeur ajoutée aux efforts de surveillance de l’inflation au Canada.
When the Assyrian Tragedy Became Seyfo: A Study of Swedish-Assyrian Politics of Memory
Authors: Lundgren Svante
Published: February 2023

Research into and widespread knowledge about the Assyrian Genocide, called Seyfo by Assyrians, is a recent phenomenon. Assyrians themselves have always known of the tragic events that occurred during the First World War, but it took some time before these were conceptualized as genocide and became an important element in the collective memory of the people that demanded recognition. In this article, the author analyzes how, when, and why the established narrative of Seyfo developed and took shape in Sweden, a country with a substantial Assyrian community. This is done through analysis of how the tragedy has been described in Hujådå, the official magazine of the Assyrian Federation of Sweden.
Efektivitas Modul Pembelajaran Berbasis Islami Materi Hak dan Kewajiban terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SDS Muhammadiyah 32 Medan
Authors: Hasibuan Akhirunnisa , Sitepu Melyani Sari
Published: February 2023

The teaching and learning process will take place effectively and efficiently if the learning process is carried out in the presence of good learning resources, one of which is the Islamic-based rights and obligations learning module. Based on observations made, learning outcomes and student activities have not been effective. The lack of use of learning devices is one of the reasons. Based modules are devices used to make students understand and know more based on the Koran and hahdits. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Islamic-based rights and obligations module in class V SDS Muhammadiyah 32 Medan. This study used an experimental method using one class as a sample. Collecting data in this study by observation and tests. The resulting data were analyzed using the t-test formula. The results of the t-test analysis using a significant level of 5% indicate that the sig (2-tailed) module of Islamic-based rights and obligations learning on student learning outcomes and activities is 0.000 <0.05 so it can be concluded that the use of Islamic-based rights and obligations modules is effectively used in the learning process.
Investment dimension of franchising
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Nataliia GULIAIEVA , Victoria MELNIK ,   State University of Trade and Economics, Andriі KRYVONOS ,   Franchising Association of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The franchise business model is developing in the conditions of insufficient financial support, ambiguity of the legal frame­work and insurance. Problem. This requires improvement of the investment model, based on the proven advan­tages of such a business format, taking into account the peculiarities of the external environ­ment of Ukraine under the pressure of the factors of the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of martial law, substantiation of modern tools for assessing the effectiveness of investments in such business objects. The aim of the article is to substantiate the modern model of evaluating the effectiveness of investments in franchise projects in Ukraine, ta­king into account the factors of force majeure and the main trends of its development, corre­lation of the features of the parameters of the formation of investment capital and the assess­ment of its value. Methods. General scientific methods such as formalization, historical, abstraction, generally logical (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), generalization and convergence, introduction from the abstract to the concrete; specific socio-economic methods based on a dialectical app­roach to knowledge of the essence and develop­ment of the corresponding object and subject were applied in the paper. Results. Franchising has had a positive effect on the relative stability of the business landscape during the period of martial law. It has caused the expansion of the boundaries of the entre­preneurial activity of national business entities, with their inclusion in a ready-made business with a formed client base and the potential for profit with lower risks. In the business environ­ment, a systematic approach to the formation of new formats is acquired, where franchising is considered as a strategic decision. Conclusions. The current state of franchi­sing development is aimed at creating a compe­titive business environment. Trends in the fran­chising market during the period of martial law are a target tool for achieving the necessary level of economic and national security as a whole. In the system of anti-crisis measures, franchising is one of the most investment-attractive tools.
Genesis of accounting systems
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Olena FOMINA , Оlexander ZADNIPROVSKYI ,   State University of Trade and Economics
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Globalization of the economy requires the use of generally accepted business management tools in the conditions of an eco­nomy without borders. The trend of recent deca­des is the gradual approximation of existing national accounting systems and models to international standards. Problem. It is important to outline the cur­rent bounds of existing accounting systems, to investigate the objective way of their genesis in order to predict general trends in the interests of economic entities and regulatory institutions. The aim of the article is to clarify the essence of accounting systems in their evolution in order to identify the most important parameters, the classification of which would be the most universal and objective for the harmonization of accounting systems. Methods. General scientific methods of cog­nition are used – theoretical generalization, com­parative analysis and synthesis for processing factual information, induction and deduction. Results. The practical effect of accounting sys­tems classification is to promote the development and harmonization of national accounting sys­tems, help in the professional training of accoun­tants and auditors who will be able to perform their work more efficiently both within a certain country and at the international (global) level. Conclusions. The legal system of countries and their economic parameters are the main factors that are based on the vast majority of the studied classification of accounting systems and models. Economic factors, in turn, are indirectly determined by the level of education in the state and international relations, while correlating with the legal component. Other factors, despite their importance, are mostly not dominant. At the same time, the dominance of the ac­counting system, which is based on the princip­les of full coverage and fair disclosure of infor­mation, is growing on a global scale. The Inter­national Financial Re­porting Standards (IFRS), which affect the accoun­ting infrastructure of most countries, are built on its basic architecture.
Identification of critical altitude of buildings in historical center of a large city
Authors: Uhabin V. V. , Sokolova N. V.
Published: February 2023

The authenticity preservation of buildings in the historical center of the city and its panoramic perception, are impossible without regulating the number of storeys of new buildings that appear during the reconstruction, renovation and development of green areas.

Purpose: Methodology development of historical and architectural environment of the large city center to identify the critical altitude of historical buildings.

Methodology: the landscape visual analysis, based on theoretical and practical experience in the critical altitude principle.

Research findings: The proposed methodology was tested in 20212022 in the historical center of the city of Penza. It is highly appreciated by the professional community. This methodology includes research of Russian and foreign scientists and practical  approaches. High quality of results are obtained.

Practical implications: The proposed methodology is quite universal and can be used in various historical cities, small towns, and also in largest cities. It can be used both as a whole and in separate stages, depending on the urban planning tasks.
Toward interpretation of the term transformation in architecture
Authors: Gatin T. N.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The aim of this work is to study different interpretations of the term transformation in architecture and define the term transformable architecture.

Methodology: The thesaurus method and comparative analysis. Data comparison allows to define and structure the conceptual apparatus. Works of A.A. Gaiduchenya, N.A. Saprykina, R. Kronenberg, J.D. Lee, R. Reuter are studied and analyzed. These researchers define the transformable architecture and created their own systems of definition of changeable architecture.

Research findings: Analysis concerning the interpretation of the term transformation in architecture show four possible notions. It is concerned if architecture is the intangible system of knowledge or artificial object of material world, and transformation is considered as the process of changing via evolutional processes or the ability to change. Structure of notions helps to define original term of transformable architecture.

Practical implications: This work highlights the concept uncertainty of variable architecture and complex search for materials in the field.

Originality: The term transformation is ambiguous in architectural science. This word is used starting from the evolutional change in architecture and ending by specific techniques of controllable change of space embedded in its architecture at the design stage. The versatility of the term transformation and words with similar roots, creates many interpretations by different researchers.
Conical drill bit for optimized external ventricular drain placement: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Ravina Kristine , Yang Natalia , Brocoum Sophia , Pasco-Anderson Julia , Walker Robert L. , Khan Marina , Cabodi Mario , Holsapple James
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Despite external ventricular drain (EVD) procedures being commonplace in neurosurgical practice, suboptimal placement rates remain high, and complications are not uncommon. The angle of the EVD catheter insertion and the accuracy of the drill hole placement are major factors determining successful EVD placement that are dependent on the drill bit morphology. The standard cylindrical 2-fluted twist drill bit creates a relatively deep and narrow drill hole that requires precise positioning, has limited visibility of the drill hole bottom and restricted catheter angular adjustment range, and poses the risk of inadvertent dural puncture. To overcome the standard problems associated with EVD drill bit morphology, the authors propose novel cone-shaped drill bits for EVD placement.

METHODS

Conical drill bits of 30° and 45° were designed, manufactured, and tested in a simulated laboratory setting as well as in three human cadavers with intact skull, dura mater, and brain. Drill bit performance was rated by neurosurgical trainees across various domains using Likert scale–type questions.

RESULTS

In the laboratory, maximum drilling temperatures adjacent to the drill hole were recorded and compared for the standard drill bit and the 30° and 45° conical drill bits and were not significantly different (p = 0.631 and p = 0.326, respectively). The maximum temperature recorded directly underneath the drilling site for the 45° drill bit was significantly higher than the temperature of the standard drill bit (p = 0.043). The differences between the standard and 30° drill bits were not significant (p = 0.783). Upon cadaver testing, the drilling times with 30° and 45° conical drill bits were significantly longer than those with the standard drill bit (p = 0.036 and p = 0.002, respectively). Likert scale scores were significantly higher for the conical 30° (median [IQR] 4.7 [3.3–5]) and 45° (4 [2–5]) drill bits than for the standard drill bit (1.7 [1–2.5], p < 0.0001), indicating significantly better performance. Conical drill bits used as a "rescue" strategy allowed for an EVD catheter angular adjustment range 6 to 9 times greater than that for the standard drill bit and resulted in a zero inadvertent dural puncture rate.

CONCLUSIONS

The 30° conical drill bit can be safely used on its own or as a rescue tool to potentially achieve improved confidence, visualization, targeting, and precision of EVD placement while essentially eliminating the possibility of unintentional dural puncture with minimal increase in the total procedure time.
Characterizing the frequency, morbidity, and types of traumatic brain injuries after the Mexico–San Diego border wall extension: a retrospective cohort review
Authors: Tenorio Alexander , Brandel Michael G. , Produturi Gautam R. , McCann Carson P. , Wali Arvin R. , Bravo Javier , Godat Laura N. , Doucet Jay J. , Costantini Todd W. , Santiago-Dieppa David R. , Ciacci Joseph D.
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the US-Mexico border wall height extension on traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and related costs.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, patients who presented to the UC San Diego Health Trauma Center for injuries from falling at the border wall between 2016 and 2021 were considered. Patients in the pre–height extension period (January 2016–May 2018) were compared with those in the post–height extension period (January 2020–December 2021). Demographic characteristics, clinical data, and hospital charges were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 383 patients were identified: 51 (0 TBIs, 68.6% male) in the pre–height extension cohort and 332 (14 TBIs, 77.1% male) in the post–height extension cohort, with mean ages of 33.5 and 31.5 years, respectively. There was an increase in the average number of TBIs per month (0.0 to 0.34) and operative TBIs per month (0.0 to 0.12). TBIs were associated with increased Injury Severity Score (8.8 vs 24.2, p < 0.001), median (IQR) hospital length of stay (5.0 [2–11] vs 8.5 [4–45] days, p = 0.03), and median (IQR) hospital charges ($163,490 [$86,369–$277,918] vs $243,658 [$136,769–$1,127,920], p = 0.04). TBIs were normalized for changing migration rates on the basis of Customs and Border Protection apprehensions.

CONCLUSIONS

This heightened risk of intracranial injury among vulnerable immigrant populations poses ethical and economic concerns to be addressed regarding border wall infrastructure.
THEORETICAL AND LEGAL PRISM OF THE BUDAPEST MEMORANDUM: UNPROCESSED GUARANTEES
Authors:   “KROK” University, Frantsuz A.J. A.J.
Published: February 2023

The Budapest Memorandum has not been ratified by any party, which from a legal point of view cannot be considered to have entered into force and contains the onset of rights and obligations. Although the Ukrainian side emphasized the need for ratification, the opposition of the United States and Russia refused to make this document legally binding. December 5, 1994, for most ordinary citizens until February 24, 2022, this date meant nothing and in most cases was unknown. However, the introduction of martial law, shelling, occupation, bombing of civilians, destruction of housing, Ukraine's pleas as a state for help from indifferent states, and most importantly hearing threats to itself about the possible use of nuclear weapons in this war have caused the issue to be raised for more than a dozen years long ago, when Ukraine, having inherited the third nuclear potential in the world, gave it to today's terrorist state, which killed hundreds of thousands of people, and the number of missing people is still unknown. This scientific article examines the issue of the Budapest Memorandum. Its legal essence and meaning are analyzed in its main parts. The official name of which is "Memorandum on security guarantees in connection with the accession of Ukraine to the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Even if we find the legal meaning of the Budapest Memorandum, but the security guarantees, which should reflect the idea that external guarantors should ensure a safe and comfortable existence in practice, on the one hand, it can be said that Great Britain and the United States have not violated its parts, on the one hand unlike Russia, however, on the other hand, by weakening Ukraine in this way, we assume that the grounds for its territorial invasion were created.
Evaluation Concept Of «Insignificance» As A Basis For Exemption From Administrative Responsibility For Driving Under The Influence
Authors:   “KROK” University, Hrishchuk V.K. , Makovetska N.Y. , Rybalko V.O.
Published: February 2023

The judicial practice of exemption of offenders from administrative resposibility due to insignificanceprovided by the Article 130 of the Code of Ukraine onadministrative offences has been analysed. The problems ofinterpretation of the eveluative term “insignificance” as a basis for exemption from administrative responsibility underArticle 130 of the Code of Ukraine on administrative offences has been disclosed. The сlassification of the most frequentcases of driving under influence into the insignificant administrative offence has been reviewed in practice. In particular,“lowindexofbloodalcoholcontent”,“presenceofmitigatingcircumstances“,“positiveperson’sbehaviouraftercommitting offence”, ”onset of intoxication due to the use of medicines“,“ no seizure of a vehicle by police officers”. Thedelimitation of illegal behaviour of a person that contains all indications of administrative offence, administrative offenceswith a formal composition, circumstances that mitigate responsibility, and insignificant administrative offence has beenconducted.Ithasbeenindicatedthatperson’sbehaviouraftercommittedoffenceandcircumstancesthatmitigateresponsibility for administrative offence should not be taken into consideration for acknowledgment of its insignificance. Itwas identified that contrition of a gulity person, committing an offence for the first time or commitment by a person that hasnot been prosecuted before, difficult financial situation, compensation for the caused damage and existence of dependents,as 10 years ago continue to remain the most common basis for exemption of offenders from administrative responsibilitydue to insignificance. An extension term of up to one year of imposition of an administrative penalty for committing anoffence providedbytheArticle 130 oftheCodeofUkraineonadministrative offenceshasbeenpositivelyassessed
Juan Díaz de Arce, biografía de un cronista
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Vitela Maldonado Beatriz , Sanfilippo y Borrás José ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: February 2023

The aim of this article is to present the life of Juan Díaz de Arce, religious and professor at the Royal University of Mexico, who lived during the first half of the 17th century. Through his work, Libro de la Vida del Próximo Evangélico el Venerable Padre Bernardino Álvarez, Díaz de Arce spread knowledge of the religious hospital work in New Spain narrated by the Brothers of Charity as its protagonists. Díaz de Arce’s text is considered thus a key primary source for the study of the history of hospitals and places the author as a chronicler of the Hospital Orders in Mexico.
Efectos de las sequías en los focos de calor en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina: un análisis realizado con herramientas de teledetección
Authors: Aglae-Diaz Antonella , Contreras Félix Ignacio , Ferrelli Federico , Smichowski Humberto
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad pluviométrica de la provincia de Formosa (Argentina), a fin de analizar la distribución espaciotemporal de los focos de calor, mediante el análisis de productos satelitales. Para ello, se analizaron las condiciones de sequías y de humedad con el Índice Estandarizado de Precipitación (SPEI), para el período 1955-2022; luego, se obtuvieron productos MODIS desde enero del 2020 hasta febrero del 2022. Posteriormente, los archivos vectoriales fueron procesados con el software ArcGIS, utilizando solo aquellos que poseían un nivel de confianza superior al 80 %. Se aplicó el análisis de Densidad de Kernel, para reconocer las zonas más afectadas del territorio. Los resultados mostraron que, en marzo del 2020, inició el periodo seco más intenso de los últimos 73 años, con una duración de 24 meses. Durante el 2020, se produjo la mayor cantidad de focos de calor, con un nivel de confianza alto (> 80 %), disminuyendo, considerablemente, durante el 2021, para luego ascender durante enero y febrero del 2022; se presentó una clara tendencia de focos de incendio en la porción central y oriental del territorio provincial.
Pela Gandong Culture: Construction of Christian Education Values in the Allang Society
Authors: Sahertia Novita Loma , Mentekohy Benjamin , Ming David
Published: February 2023

In Ambon, especially in the land of Allang, there is Pela Gandong culture. Pela Gandong culture is a cultural process that can affect the personality and values ​​of cooperation between communities, both in building houses, making new land for plantations or voluntarily without getting wages or payments. The spirit that animations pela gandong, is the spirit of common sense of belonging, common sense of unity, common sense of responsibility. These values ​​are expected to influence individual behavior in this culture. There are values ​​such as cooperation, helping others, and the importance of living. Pela Gandong culture in indigenous peoples is not only seen as a cultural process oriented to customary provisions. Eseupalaloi culture must be studied and researched deeply, because it has educational meaning, especially with regard to Christian education. Pela Gandong culture can be used as a learning tool for the community in order to increase sensitivity to the human side.
mRNA: vaccine or gene therapy? Regulatory issues.
Authors: Banoun Helene
Published: February 2023

Vaccines escape some of the controls required for human drugs (without scientific justification). However, mRNA vaccines, which represent a new class of vaccine, should be subject to more controls than conventional vaccines because they are based on several new technologies. Conventional vaccines could be replaced by mRNA vaccines and anti-cancer "vaccines" (actually therapies) are being announced. Moreover, mRNA vaccines can be considered as pro-vaccines (the injected substance is not the active substance).

The WHO tried unsuccessfully to regulate these new products in 2022. mRNA vaccines are not subject to regulation as gene therapy products (GTP) although they correspond to the definition of GTP and although for the EMA therapeutic mRNAs are considered as gene therapy products. Moreover, Moderna and BioNTech expected their products to be regulated as gene therapies.

Therefore, anti-covid mRNAs are subject to the EMA's human drug regulations, which also apply to vaccines; there is even an EMA document that requires pharmacokinetic testing for DNA vaccines. The exclusion of anti-Covid mRNAs from the regulation of gene products is not justified by the regulatory agencies, which allows these products to avoid numerous controls, in particular concerning specific toxicity, integration in the genome, transmission in the germ line, toxicity linked to the expression of structurally altered proteins, reproductive toxicity, repeated toxicity and excretion in the environment.
Role of adropin in arterial stiffening associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors:   , Jurrissen Thomas J., III
Published: February 2023

Adropin is a peptide largely secreted by the liver and known to regulate energy homeostasis; however, it also exerts cardiovascular effects. Herein, I tested the hypothesis that low circulating levels of adropin in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) contribute to arterial stiffening. In support of this hypothesis, I report that obesity and T2D is associated with reduced levels of adropin expression in liver and plasma and increased arterial stiffness in mice and humans. Establishing causation, I showed that mesenteric arteries from adropin knockout mice are also stiffer relative to arteries from wild-type counterparts, thus recapitulating the stiffening phenotype observed in T2D db/db mice. Given the above, a series of follow-up experiments were performed that determined: 1) exposure of endothelial cells or isolated mesenteric arteries from db/db mice to adropin reduces filamentous actin (F-actin) stress fibers and stiffness; 2) adropininduced reduction of F-actin and stiffness in endothelial cells and db/db mesenteric arteries is abrogated by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase; and 3) stimulation of smooth muscle cells or db/db mesenteric arteries with a NO mimetic reduces stiffness. Last, in vivo treatment of db/db mice with adropin for four weeks reduced stiffness in mesenteric arteries. Collectively, these findings indicate that adropin can regulate arterial stiffness, likely via endothelial-derived NO, and thus support the notion that "hypoadropinemia" should be considered as a putative target for the prevention and treatment of arterial stiffening in obesity and T2D.
Digital wonders: examining awe-inspiring virtual reality as a tool to promote curiosity and exploration
Authors:   , Urban Alex
Published: February 2023

Awe is a sense of enormity that alludes comprehension. Because of awe's properties as a knowledge emotion, awe elicitors can increase awareness of knowledge gaps, boost scientific interest, and promote inquiry. However, the relationship between awe and exploratory behavior, such as information seeking, remains unclear. Using a mixed-methods approach, this dissertation asks how and to what extent awe fosters information seeking. This question was examined through a two-pronged approach. First, in a laboratory setting, participants (n = 32) were exposed to a variety of awe elicitors through a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display. Participants' quantitative and qualitative responses were gathered immediately after exposure in the laboratory as well as 24 hours later through questionnaires. Second, a stratified sample of participants who voluntarily conducted information seeking (n = 8) completed phenomenologicallyinformed interviews. Findings indicate that although awe is primarily experiential, information seeking may arise from surprising learners with unknown and unexplained phenomena. Additionally, feelings of perceptual envelopment and accessing the inaccessible characterized participants' VR-based awe experiences. From a practical perspective, these findings suggest that simulating moments of discovery during travel may increase learners' intrinsic motivations for formal and informal research. Emergent findings also reveal that creating awe-inspiring VR content may require reduced didactic information to generate feelings of presence. From a theoretical perspective, this study pushes empirical awe literature beyond the confines of laboratory settings, illustrates how understudied awe elicitors pique curiosity, and provides a nuanced, qualitative report on the phenomenon of virtually-induced awe.
Intensitas Penggunaan Gadget Dengan Interaksi Sosial
Authors: Imasria Wahyuliarmy Ayu , Ayu Kumala Sari Citra
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan Intensitas Penggunaan Gadget dengan Interaksi Sosial. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah ada hubungan antara Intensitas penggunaan Gadget dengan Interaksi Sosial, Subjek dalam penelitian ini yakni remaja usia 13 sampai dengan 18 tahun yang tinggal di Desa Gondangmanis Kecamatan Bandarkerdungmulyo yang berjumlah 60 orang, Teknik pengambilan data yakni menggunakan Proposiv Random Sampling. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan dua buah skala yakni skala Intensitas Penggunaan Gadget dengan Interaksi Sosial yang telah disusun oleh peneliti dan diuji validitas empiris dan reliabilitas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode korelasi Rho Spearman menggunakan teknik Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 16.0. Hasil analisis data menghasilkan koefisien korelasi S’rho= -0,330  dengan p =0,010 (p< 0,05) yang berati terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara Intensitas Penggunaan Gadget dengan Interaksi Sosial yang artinya semakin tinggi Intensitas penggunaan Gadget maka semakin rendah Interaksi Sosial. Dan sebaliknya jika semakin rendah Intensitas Penggunaan Gadget maka semakin tinggi Interaksi Sosial. Jadi hipotesis yang diajukan oleh peneliti ini diterima .
Some recommendations to improve the pension regime in Vietnam
Authors:   University of Economicsand Law, VNUHCM, Vietnam, Nguyễn Thanh Huyền
Published: February 2023

Retirement is a major regime in the social insurance policy andincludes both compulsory and voluntary in the social security system in Vietnam and many other countries. Practice shows that the regime is in fact the core and important pillar in the national social security system, contributing to improving the life of laborers upon their end of working age and lightening the burden on welfare society. After 60 years of implementation, the retirement regime in Vietnam has gradually improved towards the benefit of workers. Through studying the implementation of modern regimes, the author points out some fundamental limitations in the regime such as: (i) low coverage; (ii) the salary paid to the retirement and survivorship fund is still very low, approximately equal to the average pension of people enjoying the pension scheme; (iii) imbalance between –funding and payment ratio causing liabilities for the fund; (iv) the imbalance between the systems of world participation, this is a burden to the young generation... These limits are preventing the effective implementation of the regime in particular and the preservation of social security in general. Hence, the author proposes some policies to contribute to the improvement of the regime in the future.
Lingual nerve injury during extraction of mandibular third molars: Are we extracting correctly?
Authors: Israr Muhammad , Asim Muhammad Adil , Israr Abdul Rehman
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Neurological injuries including lingual nerve damage are among the most devastating complications of mandibular third molar extraction. Various causes of lingual nerve damage have been proposed in literature including the surgical technique.

Objective: This study aims to assess the adverse outcomes of the removal of mandibular third molars in terms of the frequency of lingual nerve injury (LNI).

Methodology: This prospective case series was carried out at Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad. Surgical extraction was performed after raising both lingual and buccal mucoperiosteal flaps for surgical access. Ostectomy and tooth sectioning was performed while protecting the lingual flap with a passively placed periosteal elevator. Patients were recalled for the assessment of lingual nerve status, one week postoperatively. 

Results: Out of the total of 1487 teeth extracted temporary lingual nerve injury was observed in just two cases (0.13%) both of which were extracted because of recurrent pericoronitis. None of the patients had a permanent neurological deficit. 

Conclusion: For improving civility in nursing college, insight into incivility among students and faculty members is to be developed and policies to be in place to address unacceptable behaviors in a timely and effective manner. A surgical technique using careful lingual flap elevation and passive retraction results in the prevention of iatrogenic lingual nerve injury.
The trends of dynamics and characteristics of structure of population ovary cancer disability in the Chechen Republic
Authors: Idrisova L. S. , Suleimanov E. A. , Shurgaya M. A. , Puzin S. N.
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of analysis of issue of disability because of ovarian cancer in female population of the Chechen Republic. The object of study was total number of women, for the first time and repeatedly recognized as disabled ones. The analysis was applied to three age groups (the young, the middle aged and the elderly) in 2014-2020. It is established that dynamics of disability was characterized by negative trends of increasing of number of the disabled. The clear-cut age differentiation was revealed:the elderly disabled predominated. The study established that the disabled suffer of persistent malfunction of blood circulation system and of immune system that resulted in such life activity limitations as moving, self-service and work functions. The characteristics of structure of ovarian cancer disability according its severity were established. The disabled with second group of disability prevailed in all age groups. At that, percentage of women with first group of disability was higher in the middle-aged disabled. The results of the study testify actuality of optimization of onco-gynecological screening of female population for the purpose of early detection of risk factors and diagnosis of malignant process at initial stages of development. This is rational way to organ-preserving treatment and medical and social prevention of primary ovarian cancer disability. The results of the study can consider as scientific practical base for both targeted routing of preventive and therapeutic and rehabilitation measures.
EVOLUTION OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF MONETARY POLICY INFLUENCE ON THE EMPLOYMENT LEVEL
Authors:   Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Kostiuchenko Nataliia
Published: February 2023

In the times of global instability and crises the role of government has gained more importance, especially its institutional power. The world after pandemic will rely even more on the governments even when tackling unemployment. Monetary policy is one of the powerful instruments that can be used for this scope. The article provides an important theoretical base to the study of the problem of influence of monetary policy on unemployment level. A comparative framework to the analysis of the issue outlined above based on foreign studies and research is a crucial element in constructing a theoretical basis for conduction of research and obtaining practical results for Ukraine. Presented work provides an important source of information to the study of unemployment. An importance of business cycles, labor force productivity and developed infrastructure is emphasized. An evolution of views of classical and modern theoretical approaches to studying the impact of monetary policy on the level of employment using a historical research method is presented. The main trends, points of view and main indicators that were used to study the question of monetary policy impact on employment in a historical context are determined. The paper also provides information on the use of classical instruments of monetary policy by countries and central banks during crisis. A comparative characteristic of elements of classical and modern approaches to study of the influence of monetary policy on employment is represented in the form of a table. The following study is an important source of information for Ukrainian science in development of approach towards the analysis of problem of unemployment and finding the ways of tackling it using the monetary policy mechanisms. The following article provides various viewpoints and approaches, outlines main theories, elements and variables taken into account when analyzing the effect of monetary policy measures on employment level. Based on the material provided, this paper is finalized with conclusions and recommendations for further study of the question of monetary policy impact on employment.
APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPLEX OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR PRIVATE MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS AND ITS INTEGRATION WITH THE MOTIVATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Kotlyk Andrii , Gres Georgiy ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics
Published: February 2023

Rational management of any enterprise is impossible without the use of a set of indicators that measure the effectiveness and efficiency of its activities (key performance indicators). Competently built, a set of key performance indicators allows to monitor progress in achieving the strategic and tactical goals of the enterprise, to clearly communicate such goals to employees at all levels (managerial and executive), as well as to direct employees’ activities to achieve such goals. To achieve the last task, the set of key performance indicators of the enterprise must be integrated with the personnel motivation system, which is a rather difficult task that does not have a universal solution. The paper proposes an approach to the development of a set of key performance indicators of private medical institutions and the integration of such a set of indicators with the person- nel motivation system. The proposed approach includes six stages: selection of positions for which a set of key performance indicators and a corresponding system of material motivation will be developed; drawing up, based on the analysis of special literature, a list of key performance indicators that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness and to motivate the personnel work- ing in certain positions in private medical institutions; ranking and selection of a limited number of key performance indicators for each position; determination of the relative importance of the selected indicators for each of the positions by the analytical hierarchy process; determination of the measurement format of selected key performance indicators; development of a complex of key performance indicators for specific positions of employees of private medical institutions. The selected approach was implemented for the positions of doctor, nurse and administrator of a medical institution with the development of scales, according to which the variable part of the salary should be calculated. A relative format of presentation of the scales for key performance indicators is described. Relative format makes it possible to make scales more flexible, which is important due to the growth of nominal wages in Ukraine.
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors:   University of Economics in Bratislava, Kunychka Mykhaylo
Published: February 2023

South Africa is by far the engine of economic growth in the region and the most industrialized economy in the entire continent. The issue of the industrialization of South Africa is the object of research of various scientific and expert works, which focus their attention on the process of economic development of the most industrialized country in the region. Unlike the other contributions, we are trying to structure a broad view of the process of industrialization of South Africa from the beginning of colonization to the development of the industry of an independent South African Republic. To accomplish this task, we propose to divide the process of industrial progress into several historical stages. The article analyzes the process of formation of the national economy of the country under study since the time of colonialism. Describes industrialization and highlights the main historical stages in the formation of industry, which influenced structural changes in the economy. The main stages in the formation of the prerequisites for industrialization and the development of industry includes: (1) Colonization and the rule of the British Empire. The development of agriculture through the import of technology and more efficient crops from Europe, which made the Cape Colony unrivaled in Sub-Saharan Africa. (2) Development of the mining industry. The volume of diamond mining, and then gold, led to an increase in income and capital accumulation, which stimulated industrialization. Population growth due to immigration influenced the development of the food industry and the production of consumer goods. At this stage, the economy of South Africa was transformed from agricultural to agro-industrial. (3) Import substitution and development of the chemical industry. Import substitution during the two world wars and the development of the chemical industry through the production of explosive materials for mining led to extensive industrialization. In the period 1911–1948, the share of industry in GDP increased from 6% to 23%. (4) Industrialization of independent South Africa. Development of automotive and shipbuilding industries with high added value. South Africa becomes the largest car manufacturer in Africa.
IMPACT OF THE WAR ON TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Lysyi Vladyslav , Steblak Diana ,   Uzhhorod National University
Published: February 2023

The modern problems and prospects for the development of international transportation in our country during the period of active war are analyzed in the article. The events of February 24, 2022 changed not only the social sphere of the population’s life, but also significantly affected international economic relations, which is especially felt in the field of international logistics. An analysis of the concept of “international transportation” as the transportation of goods or passengers between several countries, characterized by the forced crossing of the borders of at least two neighboring countries, was made. It is worth noting the important place of Ukraine in the system of the world economy. Key international organizations expect negative consequences in Europe and Africa in the future due to problems with the supply of grain, sunflower oil and other crops that are the basis of human nutrition. Important attention in the article is given to problematic logistical issues – in particular, rail, sea and cargo transportation. The closure of the sea coast led to a temporary collapse and delay in freight transport and the authorities took important steps to resolve the collapse in favor of using and simplifying the land transport system. This, in particular, concerns the simplification of the system of obtaining transport licenses. Therefore, in the article we analyzed the current state of freight transportation in Ukraine, the main changes, problems and the nearest prospects for the development of this industry. The article contains important remarks and the current state of the logistics industry in a country where there is a war. Information was provided on the current state of negotiations between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland, regarding the expansion of the ability to cross the border by freight transport and the simplification of obtaining permits for logistics services. The prospects for the development of such negotiation processes with other countries of Eastern Europe have been assessed. Ukraine is an important supplier of many grain crops, on which the countries of Africa, Europe and other continents depend. Therefore, the G7 states provide comprehensive support to the logistics transportation of Ukraine in order to preserve peace and provide food to some countries.