bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Behaviour of 5-Methyl-4-(2-Thiazolylazo)-Resorcinol in Micellar Media
Authors: KARAÇELİK Ahmet , KARAMAN Yeliz , TOPÇU Saim
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, 5-Metil-4-(2-tiazolilazo)-resorsinolün spektroskopik ve elektrokimyasal davranışı üzerindeki yüzey aktif madde etkileri, nötr pH'ta sulu bir çözeltide incelenmiştir. Araştırmada dodesilpiridinyum klorür (DDPC), setilpiridinyum klorür (CPC) (katyonik), Triton X100, Tween 20 (noniyonik) ve sodyum dodesil sülfat (SDS) (anyonik) kullanılmıştır. Yüzey aktif maddenin eklenmesi üzerine boyarmaddenin absorpsiyon maksimumunda büyük bir kırmızıya kayma gözlendi. Boyanın elektrokimyasal indirgenmesi döngüsel voltametri (CV) ile araştırıldı. Boyarmaddenin adsorpsiyon kontrollü indirgeme reaksiyonu, CPC ilavesiyle -0,43 V'de yarı-tersinir difüzyon kontrollü bir indirgeme pikine dönüştü. Boyarmadde çözeltisindeki CPC konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak elektrot reaksiyonunun pik potansiyeli katodik yönde yaklaşık 120 mV kaydı ve pik akımı on kata kadar düştü. Bu değişiklikler, çözeltideki yüzey aktif maddenin tipine ve konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak yorumlandı.
Investigation of Schiff Bases Containing Acryloyl Moiety as Ionophore in Potentiometric Ion-Selective Sensors
Authors: ÇUBUK Osman , KIRANLIOĞLU Gülüzar , ÇOLDUR Fatih , ÖZKINALI Sevil
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, yeni sentezlenen iyonoforlar kullanılarak tümüyle katı-hal krom (III)-seçici potansiyometrik polivinil klorür (PVC) membran sensör geliştirildi. Bu amaçla yeni sentezlenen akriloil grup içeren (E)-4-(4-Nitro fenilimino) metil fenil akrilat (A1), (E)-4-(4-kloro fenilimino) metil fenil akrilat (A2) ve (E)-4-(4-hidroksibenzil dimino) benzoik asit akrilat (A3) schiff bazları iyonofor olarak kullanıldı. En uygun potansiyometrik özelliklere sahip membran bileşimi farklı oranlarda iyonoforlar (A1, A2 ve A3), plastikleştiriciler (o-nitrofeniloktil eter (o-NPOE)), bis (2-etilheksil) sebekat (DOS), dibutil ftalat (DBP) dioktil ftalat (DOP) ve PVC kullanılarak belirlendi. Ayrıca, potasyum tetrakisparaklorofenil borat (KTpClPB) ve sodyum tetrafenil borat (NaTPB) elektrotlarının doğrusal çalışma aralığına ve eğimine her onkat’lık iyon aktivitesi değişimine karşı etkisi de araştırıldı. Geliştirilen krom (III)-seçici sensör için % 1,0 A2 bileşiği, % 67,0 (a/a) o-NPOE ve % 32,0 (a/a) PVC oranları en uygun membran bileşimi olarak belirlendi. Geliştirilen krom (III)-seçici sensör pH 3,50’de 1,3×10-7−1,0×10-1 M konsantrasyon aralığında standart krom (III) iyon çözeltisine karşı doğrusal cevap sergiledi (R2= 0,9938). Sensör ile doğrusal çalışma aralığındaki her onkat’lık standart krom (III) konsantrasyon değişiminin ortalaması 27,12±0,81 mV’luk eğim değeri, tekrarlanabilir potansiyeller elde edildi. Geliştirilen tümüyle katı-hal krom (III)-seçici potansiyometrik PVC membran sensörün tayin limiti 6,3×10-8 M ve cevap süresi ≤10 s olarak belirlendi. Yaygın bazı katyon türlerinin geliştirilen sensör üzerindeki girişim etkileri incelendi. Önerilen sensörün analitik olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağını araştırmak için, gerçek numunelerde krom (III) iyonunun potansiyometrik tayini gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen sonuçlar indüktif olarak eşleştirilmiş kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS) metodu ile elde edilen verilerle istatiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı.
Pengaruh dan Strategi Manajemen Kolaborasi Masyarakat dan Pemerintah Tahun 2019 (Pengembangan Goa Kiskendo Jatimulyo, Kulonprogo)
Authors: Rachmandani Resky Eka
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKKemajuan sektor pariwisata tidak terlepas dari adanya kerjasama antara masyarakat dan pemerintah. Jalan terbaik yang dilakukan akan memberikan hasil yang baik jika masyarakat mencari strategi dan memanajemen daripada kolaborasi antara pemerintah. Maka dari itu akan terlihat pengaruh yang besar dari proses pengembangan Goa Kiskendo di Desa Jatimulyo, Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Paper ini membahas tentang Pengaruh dan strategi manajemen kolaborasi masyarakat dan pemerintah pada tahun 2019 pada pengembangan Goa Kiskendo. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data secara mendalam melalui pendekatan kualitatif secara deskriptif. Hasil yang didapat yaitu akan merujuk pada struktur jaringan dan komitmen terhadap tujuan didorong kepercayaan antar pelaku. Akan terlihat dalam tata kelola, sehingga dapat memiliki akses terhadap otoritas. Maka dari itu diperlukan sharing informasi dan pembagian tanggungjawab. Tidak lupa dengan pembagian tanggungjawab dan akses sumber daya yang ada. Sehingga akan terlihat pengaruh besar yang mendorong kolaborasi masyarakat dan pemerintah untuk mengembangkan Wisata Goa Kiskendo, Jatimulyo, Kulonprogo. Kata kunci: Pengaruh, Strategi, Kolaborasi. ABSTRACTThe progress of the tourism sector is inseparable from the collaboration between the community and the government. The best way to do this will give good results if the community seeks strategy and management rather than cooperation between governments. Therefore, there will be a significant influence on the process of developing Goa Kiskendo in Jatimulyo, Kulonprogo. This paper aims the importance and management strategy of community and government collaboration in 2019 on the development of Kiskendo Cave. The method used is to use in-depth data analysis techniques through a descriptive qualitative approach. The results obtained will refer to the network structure and commitment to the goal-driven by trust between actors. Will be seen in governance so that they can have access to authority. Therefore it is necessary to share information and share responsibility. Do not forget the division of duties and access to existing resources. So that it will look a significant influence that encourages community and government collaboration to develop Tourism in Goa Kiskendo, Jatimulyo, Kulonprogo. Keywords: Influence, Strategy, Collaboration
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM USAHA EKONOMI PRODUKTIF (UEP) BAGI LANJUT USIA POTENSIAL DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hermoko Roni
Published: August 2021

Semakin tingginya persentase Lansia di Indonesia akan menambah beban pemerintah karena akan menambah angka ketergantungan/dependency ratio. Untuk mengurangi beban pemerintah diperlukan sebuah program pemberdayaan bagi Lansia potensial. Salah satu program yang sudah ada adalah Program UEP bagi Lansia Potensial sebagai bentuk investasi sosial diharapkan mengurangi beban pemerintah dengan terwujudnya Lansia yang sehat, mandiri dan bermartabat. Kajian ini memaparkan faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi program UEP bagi Lansia potensial di Kota Yogyakarta. Faktor yang memberikan pengaruh positif dalam implementasi program antara lain kapasitas organisasi yang terdiri dari struktur birokrasi yang simple structure, model komunikasi dan koordinasi secara formal dan informal; kondisi lingkungan yang terdiri dari kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya masyarakat; serta variabel penerima manfaat yang dilihat dari mudahnya program dilaksanakan dan perubahan positif untuk kehidupan sosial penerima manfaat. Variabel yang memberikan pengaruh negatif antara lain variabel konten kebijakan yaitu belum adanya peraturan tentang Lansia di Provinsi dan Kota, tidak sampainya pesan peraturan nasional kepada implementor; variabel kapasitas organisasi tentang sumberdaya yaitu kurangnya pelatihan kepada Pekerja Sosial Masyarakat (PSM) menyebabkan kurang maksimalnya pendampingan program, variabel kondisi lingkungan terkait dukungan pemerintah Kelurahan yang kurang memberikan perhatian dan  Dinas Sosial tidak memiliki Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) monitoring dan evaluasi program. Dengan kondisi seperti itu, maka diperlukan adanya advokasi ke Pemerintah Kota untuk segera memiliki peraturan yang bisa menjadi pedoman pelaksanaan program, mendorong Dinas Sosial untuk segera memiliki SOP monitoring dan evaluasi program, mendorong Pemerintah Kelurahan untuk melakukan inisiasi kegiatan kelanjutusiaan, meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya manusia PSM yang menjadi pendamping program. Kata kunci: Implementasi Program, Lanjut Usia Potensial, Usaha Ekonomi Produktif.
Fungsi "Land Use Planning" dalam mitigasi Resiko bencana Erupsi Gunung Sinabung
Authors: Azmi Muhammad Quraish Shohibul , Sunarno Sunarno
Published: September 2021

Tata Guna Tanah merupakan pengelolaan yang meliputi penguasaan, penggunaan dan pemanfataan tanah yang berwujud konsilidasi pemanfataan tanah sebagai satu kesatuan untuk masyarakat sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 16 Tahun 2004 tentang Penatagunaan Tanah pada Pasal 1 point pertama. Aspek tata guna tanah sangat dipertimbangkan dalam penentuan lokasi untuk relokasi korban bencana erupsi gunung Sinabung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk kepentingan pencapaian kemakmuran rakyat serta upaya penanggulangan bencana alam dari segi aspek pemanfaatan tanah sebagai media pengurangan risiko bencana alam. Dalam urusan penanggulangan bencana peemerintah sudah memiliki Undang Undang Republik Indonesia No. 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada masyarakat Indonesia yang terkena dampak dari bencana alam dan menanggulangi risiko dari bencana alam tersebut. Metode penelitian  ini menggunakan metode empiris. Sumber data terdiri dari data primer yaitu wawancara dan data sekunder yaitu berasal dari data primer, sekunder dan tersier. Metode pengumpulan data secara primer dan sekunder ini dilakukan melalui studi lapangan (wawancara) dan studi kepustakaan pada beberapa Kecamatan di Kabupaten Karo. Kemudian di analisis secara kualitatif. Pengaturan Tata Guna Tanah yang diterapkan di beberapa Kecamatan di Kabupaten Karo telah disesuaikan dengan pemberlakuan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Faktor faktor yang diakibatkan oleh Gunung Sinabung tidak sepenuhnya karena keadaan alam saja akan tetapi mencakup tangan-tangan masyarakat yang kurang paham akan masalah yang dihadapi.
Submental flap reconstruction for medium sized tongue defects: technique and surgical outcome-a retrospective study
Authors: Singhal Ashish , Singh Gaurav , Puttaswamy Rajshekar
Published: August 2021

Background: Defects of the tongue has the major effect on speech and swallowing. Free flaps serve as an ideal choice for reconstruction but in developing countries, local flaps serve as an alternative in decreasing the morbidity and improving functional outcome with easy reproducibility by majority of head and neck surgeons. Surgical outcomes associated with submental flaps (SMF) used in the reconstruction of medium-sized defects of the tongue was evaluated as well a novel modification of the technique to safeguard the feeding vessel was presented.Methods: A total of 40 patients with tongue cancer who underwent SMF reconstruction from 2014 to 2017 with minimum 2 year follow up were retrospectively studied. The patient characteristics, tumor stage, nodal status, intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, locoregional recurrence, cosmetic satisfaction and functional outcomes were noted.Results: Out of 40 patients, 27 had pT2, 7 had pT3 and 6 patients had pT4 disease while 6 patients had pN1 and 2 patients had pN2 disease. Total flap necrosis, marginal skin paddle necrosis and total skin paddle loss were observed in 0, 5 and 1 patient(s), respectively. Venous congestion of the flap was the most common complication seen while no orocutaneous fistula or marginal mandibular palsy were seen. Five patients had locoregional recurrence and two patients had distant metastases. Functional and cosmetic outcome was excellent in most of patients.Conclusions: The SMF is a reliable and convenient technique that can serve as an alternative to free flaps in the reconstruction of medium-sized defects of the tongue.
Is endoscopy a must before laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
Authors: R. Satish Kumar , Ram Burri Mohan , C. Tejasvi Kumar , Reddy Vamshi Krishna
Published: August 2021

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is common surgery performed for gall stone diseases and the gold standard procedure nowadays. But it is sometimes challenging to distinguish whether pain abdomen is due to gallstones or other UGI (upper gastro-intestinal) pathologies. Present study was conducted to rule out UGI pathologies in the patients undergoing cholecystectomy by performing UGI endoscopy as routine for effective management of the cases. The aims and objectives were to study the role of preoperative UGI endoscopy as an investigative modality to rule out UGI disorders in patients with gall stone disease.Methods: The study population consisted of 100 patients admitted for the management of gall stone diseases in KIMS hospital Bengaluru between January 2018 to July 2019. UGI endoscopy was done in all the patients routinely and to look for significant pathologies and patients with upper GI pathologies were adequately treated and later laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done. Postoperative events of pain abdomen were assessed on POD (postoperative day) 7, 14, 30, 60 days.Results: Out of the 100 patients in the study 55 patients (55%) had UGI pathologies on endoscopy and 30 patients (54.5%) are positive for H. pylori, 29 patients (52%) had persistent pain abdomen on POD 60 with p value of 0.001 which is statistically significant and 19 patients (34%) had persistent pain abdomen on POD 30 with p value <0.001 which is statistically significant.Conclusions: Beside its cost effectiveness, UGI endoscopy may potentially help in reducing the incidence of postoperative persistence of symptoms. UGI endoscopy has a vital role in the initial evaluation and investigation of patients with symptomatic gall stones.
Urethral catheterization: do nurses have adequate exposure?
Authors: Selvaraj Nivash , Rajendran Sudha Dhiyanesh , Farman Matheen Jaffer
Published: August 2021

Background: Urethral catheterization is a vital basic skill which not learnt properly will lead to numerous complications. The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge and practice of urethral catheterization procedure among the nursing students. Methods: This study was conducted by a questionnaire to all the nurses in our hospital. It includes precautionary methods, knowledge of urethral catheterization procedure and the necessity for the demonstration of the procedure to the nurses.Results: A total of 120 nurses were included in the study. During training program, all were able to define and observed urethral catheterization. Overall, 19% did not perform the procedure as undergraduates and only14% passed >10 urethral catheterization. On assessing the steps, 61% described the steps involved in catheterization and 87% listed the possible complications of catheterization. Meanwhile, 93% revealed the need for practical demonstration of procedure during their training phase. Conclusions: With regards to urethral catheterization, poor practical experience was observed in nurses. An attempt should be formulated to enhance the supervised urethral catherization training programme conducted for nurses, in order to deliver preventable complications.
Incidence of postoperative hypocalcaemia in patients with preoperative cytological evidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis undergoing thyroidectomy
Authors: Joseph Pauly T. , S. Sreekanth T. , Xavier Alex
Published: August 2021

Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune pathology presents as a painless goiterogenous condition. It manifests as hypothyroidism, occurring in females of the age group 30-40. Patients are operated for cosmetic symptoms or suspicions of malignancy. The surrounding adhesions and fibrosis of the gland makes it more prone for hypocalcaemia post operatively. This study was conducted to find the incidence of hypocalcaemia postoperatively in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Methods: Patients above 13 years undergoing total thyroidectomy where completion thyroidectomy after hemi thyroidectomy, concurrent lymph node dissection, patients on calcium therapy or the ones with preexisting hypocalcaemia were excluded from the study. 100 patients were studied from 1 January 2018 to 1 January 2019 and corrected serum calcium levels at 24 hours, 48 hours and 2 weeks estimated postoperatively. Analysis was done using CSC sepi-info software. Qualitative data were analyzed with Chi square, Z test and ANOVA test.Results: Though 32/100 patients had hypocalcemic symptoms only 26 (26%) had low calcium biochemically. The association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and post thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia had significant association (p<0.0001). 11.53% (3/26) had recovered in 48 hours and at two weeks 10 patients remained hypocalcemic with a recovery of 61.53%.Conclusions: Hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis occurs due to fibrosis in gland, adhesions to the adjacent structures, injury to the parathyroid glands during surgery and non-identification of parathyroid glands.
Diaphragmatic eventration plication repair with minimal access techniques: a case series
Authors: Oak Aditya C. , Kalikar Vishakha R. , Patel Ankur K. , Patankar Roy V.
Published: August 2021

Diaphragmatic eventration is a rare pathological condition occurring in <0.05% individuals causing the diaphragm to permanently ascend into the chest due to partial or complete replacement of diaphragmatic musculature by fibroblastic tissue. Congenital diaphragmatic eventration rarely presents among adults with most patients remaining asymptomatic only to be diagnosed incidentally after chest radiography. Symptomatic patients can present with dyspnoea, orthopnoea, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections or gastrointestinal symptoms. Management varies according to symptoms with asymptomatic cases requiring no intervention and plication being the standard, well-described technique for symptomatic cases. Here we described two cases with eventration approached using different minimal access techniques.
Assessing the capacity of primary health care centres to provide tuberculosis services in Kaduna State, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman Auwal G. , Umar Shehu S. , Babandi Zaharadeen S. , Olorukooba Abdulhakeem A. , Umar Umar M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Despite earlier successes achieved in combating it, cases of tuberculosis in Nigeria are now on the increase, affecting more people and communities. Primary health care in Nigeria is through ward health system, designed to provide minimum health package to the communities including TB services. This study aimed to ascertain the capacity of PHC centres to provide TB services in Kaduna North senatorial district, Kaduna State, Nigeria.Methods: Four out of eight local Government areas in the district were randomly selected and one PHC per ward was recruited in the study. In each facility, questionnaires developed from the TB tracer items of the WHO service availability and readiness assessment tool were administered to the facility in-charges and TB/DOTS focal persons.Results: Forty four facilities were selected from Zaria, Sabon Gari, Makarfi and Kudan LGAs. Almost all facilities (98%) diagnosed TB clinically and 39 (90%) had anti-TB drugs available. National TB guidelines were lacking in 23 (52%) facilities and only 5 (11%) had additional capacity for sputum microscopy. While 35 (80%) TB/DOTS focal persons had received training on TB diagnosis and treatment, only 24 (55%)received training on TB/HIV co-infection and only 8 (18%) received training on multi-drug resistant TB.Conclusions: While TB services are widely available in the district, urgent need exists for all stakeholders to work together towards equipping those facilities with critical infrastructure that will improve their overall capacity, particularly with regards to comprehensive TB guidelines, laboratory diagnosis and personnel training for effective TB management.
Personal and domiciliary hygiene practices and its association with incidence of infectious diseases among children aged 6-59 months
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Md , Rahman Md Hafizur , Khan Md Shafiqul Islam , Begum Musammet Rasheda , Alam Farjana , Imran Al-Amin
Published: August 2021

Background: Over 200 million under-five-children born in low-income countries are at risk of not reaching their development potential and infectious diseases are the leading cause of development deficits in these regions.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate personal and household hygiene practices among 154 mothers and their association with the incidence of infectious diseases among 167 children aged 6 months to 59 months in Patuakhali district, Bangladesh.Results: Only 13.6% of the mothers had proper hand washing knowledge. Besides, 14% and 53.9% of the mothers washed their hands with soap and only with water respectively before feeding their child. About 68.2% of mothers prepared food on the ground and half (49.5%) of the toilet did not have a hand washing location beside it. The risk of childhood infectious disease was significantly associated with hand washing of mothers before feeding a child (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5-4.1, p<0.05) and hand washing of child before eating (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8-5.7, p<0.05).Conclusions: Hand washing agents were inadequate and compliance to hand washing was poor. Therefore, the continuous focus is needed on the mother's awareness construction to increase the compliance to hand washing practice among mothers as well as their child with soap, especially during child feeding.
Viral clearance in COVID-19 patients admitted in designated COVID hospital in Western India
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Kaur Kanwaljit , Ghai S. K. , Gurmeet Pranaya , Agarwal Raju , Dutt Vipul , Singh Sudheer K. , Patel Barun Bhai
Published: August 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest challenges faced worldwide and has not only posed health crisis but also had social, economic and political devastating effects. The speedy transmission risk enforced bygone practices of quarantine of healthy persons and isolation of all positive patients. The basis of all key policy making is the understanding of virus clearance from the body so that transmission can be ceased. The aim of the study was to understand the viral clearance and its’ co-relates for guiding infection control and transmission practices in COVID-19.Methods: Cross sectional study in a tertiary care hospital. A cross-sectional study of total 398 patients admitted for COVID-19 between June 2020 and November 2020 at a tertiary care centre. Statistical analysis used: frequency, percentage, and chi square test Chi square test for linear trend and was used to find association.Results: 88.19% were males and 11.81% were female patients, mean age of study participants was 34.84 years. 61.56% were symptomatic and among them 1.64% presented with severe symptoms. Mean duration to turn RT-PCR negative was 11.83 days. No significant difference in time taken to turn RT-PCR negative among asymptomatic and symptomatic cases is suggestive of no difference in viral load and its clearance in symptomatic vs asymptomatic cases.Conclusions: The disease profile of COVID-19 in our setup was alike the national disease profile and the recovery rate being 98.76%. Presence of co-morbidities affects viral clearance in COVID-19.
A cross-sectional study on factors influencing caesarean section rates in a tertiary care hospital, Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh)
Authors: Singh Swati , Malhotra Anil Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background: Worldwide rise in caesarean delivery (CD) rates during the last three decades has been a cause of alarm. The rates of such delivery have increased dramatically in recent years from 12% in 1990 to 24% in 2008. Tertiary care centers have high caesarean section rates but areas where health care facilities are not available may have maternal deaths due to lack of C-section facilities. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of caesarean section, to assess the association between caesarean section with socio-demographic determinants and maternal risk factors.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2016 to April 2016. A total of 288 pregnant females admitted in obstetric ward of medical college Jhansi formed the study population, a simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study. A study tool was pre-designed and pre-tested interview schedule. The data collected was entered in MS excel and analyzed using SPSS 24 version.Results: The study showed that 73 (25.34%) of our study participants have delivered by caesarean section. Caesarean section was significantly associated with literacy, place of residence, education status, socio-economic status and occupation of the husband. Caesarean section was significantly associated with maternal risk factors like obesity, pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus and polyhydromnios.Conclusions: Present study found a high caesarean section rate as compared to the WHO standard. Utilization of antenatal care, better doctor patient communication, doctor’s commitment to reduce the rate of LSCS, may help to reduce the increasing rate of caesarean delivery.
Cosmetic uses of activated charcoal
Authors: Sajjad Muhsana , Sarwar Rida , Ali Tooba , Khan Laiba , Mahmood Syed Uzair
Published: August 2021

Within the past few years, activated charcoal is being actively used in cosmetic products. Due to its adsorbing properties, it is being used in all sorts of beauty products from face masks to cleansers and even soaps. In the past, activated charcoal has been used as the treatment of poisoning but now with cosmetic companies claiming charcoal's aptness in treating skin blemishes, it has regained popularity. However, there is little to no clinical evidence to support these claims. In this study, we review the current use of activated charcoal in cosmetic products and its effectiveness. With limited research, its vigorous and unregulated use in over the counter beauty products can turn out to be unsafe. Although its use as an antidote for poisoning is evident, trials to confirm its effectiveness in treating skin conditions like acne, dark spots, dermatitis need to be prioritized to render it safe to be used in cosmetic products.
Evolution of poverty alleviation programme in India
Authors: Thakur Archana , Gautam Richa , Gupta Ekta
Published: August 2021

Since independence, India has made huge economic progress which no doubt has raised the standard of living of our people but still the journey to eradicate poverty is quite long. One third of Indian population is living below the minimum income which is required for subsistence. Poverty is a major social determinant of health as poor people lack access to basic social amenities like safe water, sanitation, food security, health infrastructure etc., which makes them highly vulnerable to deadly diseases. On the other hand, catastrophic expenditure on health and loss of economic productivity due to disease makes millions of people poor every year. Seeing the grave situation, Government of India has launched various poverty alleviation programmes from time to time. In this review we discuss evolution of employment generation programme since its inception in India. We also focus on upcoming challenges in further reducing the poverty rate and future opportunities.
Status of Bangladeshi female ready-made garment workers
Authors: Shamsi Tasdidaa
Published: August 2021

Factory level workers help empower workers at shop floor level about health and safety. This is even better when owners work with them as a team. Training should not be about giving directions. Education has to be coupled with advocacy, training and empowerment. The empowerment of workers is for sustainable change focussing on long term betterment. The goal is capacity building and to make a skilled advocate. The final outcome is for structural provisions to improve and workplace practices to change. The medical services for the workers should also be in the agenda. Gender should be highlighted and women’s health and safety should be in the fore-front. The empowered workers can now speak up for themselves. There is a diversification with different sectors. Everyone should be equipped with International occupational safety and health (OSH) standards.
Hybrid problem based learning: An innovative teaching learning method – Reflective experience
Authors: Arumugam Balaji , Sivapriya K R S
Published: August 2021

The concept of Problem-based Learning (PBL) was first introduced at McMaster University in the late 1960s and was subsequently accepted widely by the medical schools throughout the world. hPBL has been intuitively viewed by many as a cocktail curriculum of McMaster style of small group discussion PBL (generally referred to as “pure PBL”) with the blending of variable amounts of traditional lectures, practical sessions and case-studies. Objectives: The study was done as an introduction of innovative teaching learning method and its learning experiences by students and faculty involved.

The innovative teaching learning method was adapted during the year July – October - 2019 when the students were posted in the department of community medicine for four weeks. The TL methods included were blended lectures; case scenarios (clinico social case pertaining to community medicine subject), pre test and post test MCQs, case presentation and in small group discussion were done. The experiences were obtained as the reflective writing from the students and the faculty involved in implementation of h-PBL.

Majority of the students expressed that the learning was useful, interactive, thought provoking, interesting and the group discussion paved the way for communication skill development among the peers. The students said that the learning happened actively and scope for self directed learning was also incorporated in the implementation of h-PBL. Faculties involved were very enthusiastic especially during the group discussions, because the sociogram was excellently represented that almost all the students took part in the discussion.

The h-PBL can be a part of the regular curriculum during the clinical postings which can include case based learning with blended lectures.
Onde se aprende Odontologia: olhar discente sobre a formação em hospitais e nas unidades básicas de saúde
Authors: Medeiros Mércia Lamenha , Alves Milane Costa , Coelho Jorge Artur Peçanha Miranda
Published: September 2021

Analisar o estágio supervisionado em Odontologia, na atenção primária e secundária, sob percepção discente. Estudo de natureza quanti-qualitativa, utilizando escala tipo Likert, através da Escala de Reação ao Curso, aplicado aos discentes concluintes. Os discentes valorizaram o estágio para a formação profissional, detectaram lacunas na comunicação, organização e nos conteúdos teóricos. Os discentes precisam atenção nos cenários de prática, são necessárias ações conjuntas, que possam minimizar fragilidades na comunicação, estrutura física e conteúdos teóricos.
Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) e Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS): uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Paloski Luis Henrique , Pereira Larissa De Andrade , Bastos André Goettems , Alminhana Leticia Oliveira , Oliveira João André Webber de , Irigaray Tatiana Quarti
Published: September 2021

Este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a aplicabilidade dos instrumentos Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) e Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Também buscou-se caracterizar a população avaliada com o instrumento e avaliar a qualidade dos artigos incluídos na revisão. A busca de artigos foi conduzida por dois juízes, nas bases de dados PsycARTICLES, Web of Science, Medline e Scopus. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão/exclusão, foram recuperados e analisados 31artigos. Observou-se que a maioria dos artigos utilizou as escalas para avaliar a intensidade de sintomas positivos e negativos, correlacionando os escores da SANS e da SAPS com outras variáveis, bem como para verificar o efeito de intervenções medicamentosas e não medicamentosas. Referente ao tipo de amostra, a maior parte foi composta por pacientes clínicos. No que tange a qualidade dos artigos, observou-se que a minoria foi publicada em periódicos com alto fator de impacto e apenas sete artigos utilizaram procedimentos de randomização. Conclui-se que os instrumentos SANS e SAPS são ferramentas aplicáveis e adequadas para avaliação de sintomatologia positiva e negativa em diversos contextos.
Inovação e interdisciplinaridade: um estudo de caso no desenvolvimento de competências no curso de engenharia civil
Authors: Maggessi Karolina Muniz Freire , Moutinho Lopes Luiz Otávio , Cellular Massone Ana Carolina , Barateiro Carlos Eduardo R. B. , De Farias Filho José Rodrigues , Do Valle Faria Alexandre
Published: September 2021

A inovação tecnológica é um processo complexo e o desempenho das organizações depende da sua capacidade de evoluir para se manter com sucesso em mercados cada vez mais globais e competitivos. A interdisciplinaridade é parte fundamental da inovação, porque as modernas soluções dependem da atuação integrada das diversas áreas do conhecimento para que os resultados sejam maximizados. A construção de uma abordagem interdisciplinar é, portanto, fundamental para promover a criação de respostas a quaisquer desafios que possam vir a confrontar as sociedades e organizações. Assim, este trabalho define esses conceitos relevantes e faz uma ligação entre o desenvolvimento de diferentes competências e habilidades de forma interdisciplinar reunindo as bases para um processo de inovação tecnológica e acadêmica orientado à solução de problemas reais, através de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e valendo-se de um estudo de caso aplicado em uma instituição de ensino superior.  A proposta foi seguir as novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos de Engenharia (DCN) (MEC, 2019a), pela Resolução MEC nº 2, de 24 de abril de 2019 e propor melhorias nas grades do curso de engenharia civil. Adaptando a nova consciência que o curso pode ter 25% da grade EAD (Ensino a Distância) e que a interdisciplinaridade faz parte da inovação.
Impact and the Research Environment
Authors: Savage Debbie , Loudon Gareth , Murphy Ingrid
Published: September 2021

How to successfully create impact from academic research is the focus of much debate. Discussions often centres on the role of discipline, researcher skills and behaviour, or institutional systems to capture impact evidence, but little consideration is given to the relationship between research impact and the research environment.

Focussing on the Impact Case Studies submitted to Unit of Assessment 34: Art & Design: History, Practice and Theory, this research used Content and Narrative Analysis to review a sample of the most and least successful Impact submissions as ranked by Times Higher Education. The aim was to identify the characteristics of high-scoring Impact Case Studies to inform strategies for supporting the generation of research impact, but what emerged was evidence of a nuanced relationship between research environment and research impact.

For Research and Management Practitioners, these findings highlight a need to extend beyond the development of training, advice and databases and respond directly to the core purpose and ethos of research impact. This can be achieved through the cultivation of an open, flexible and dynamic research environment capable of responding to institutional and researcher needs in order to allow impact to flourish.
The Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Nasal Passage among Medical and Non-Medical Students at Al-Jouf University
Authors:   College of Applied Medical Science, Al-jouf Univercity, Saudi Arabia, Al-rawily Nojood Rheel
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to compare the occurrence of potentially nasal Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of both female medical students and non-medical students at Al-Jouf University and its resistance & sensitivity of methicillin antibiotic. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 females’ volunteers. Students including 15 medical students and 15 non-medical students. Specimens were taken from the subjects by a sterile moistened swab, which inserted into each nostril in turn, to a depth of approximately 1 cm, and rotated five times. Then the specimens were subjected to bacteriological examination, isolated S. aureus were subjected for further identification by biochemical tests. Then methicillin antibiotic test sensitivity and resistant were performed on isolates. We found that S. aureus in both samples medical and non-medical with 60% ,and methicillin resistant S. aureus in each samples medical and non-medical with 66.7% as Statistical analysis demonstrated.
Haemocytes during Different Stages of Lifecycle in Bombyx mori (L.)
Authors:   Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India, Jasmine Babila, J.
Published: September 2021

Haemocytes in insects mediates the cellular responses like phagocytosis, encapsulation and clotting which signifies the immunological functions of any insect. In the domesticated variety of silkworm B.mori five types of haemocytes have been identified in all the stages. The most abundant cell was found to be plasmatocytes followed by Granular cells. Spherule cells and Oenocytoids were found to less during IV and V instars and least or absent in all other stages. Haemocytes found be to fluctuating before and after spinning. Plasmatocytes and granular cells decreased gradually with respect to number of days in pupa. The total haemocytic count increases gradually in the silkworm larval stages and found to be maximum at the last instar and least during adult stages where the role of haemocytes is not required because they die after laying eggs.
Evaluation of the Bio-Insecticidal Effect of Ricinus communis (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) on the Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors:   Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Département de Biologie Animale, BP 5005, Dakar, Sénégal, Diédhiou Cheikh Atab
Published: September 2021

Since chemical insecticides favor the emergence of resistance and have disastrous consequences for the environment, we became interested in an alternative control method against Spodoptera frugiperda, more respectful for the environment. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of the bio-insecticidal effects of plants extracts and oil of castor against the fall armyworm in the laboratory. The laboratory bioassays consisted of evaluating the toxicity of the castor plants extracts and oil by contact and ingestion on fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda using a leaf dipping method. It emerges from this study that the mortality of the larvae treated with the bio-insecticide and the control solution varies significantly and that the mortality rate was 100% for dose 1; 85% for dose 2 and 70% for dose 3. The mortality rate for the control solution is 10%. These results testify to the good larvicidal activity of the organic insecticide based on oil, leaves and unripe seeds of castor bean on the fall armyworm.
Waterlogging In Cotton: Stress, Consequences, Adaptability, Mechanisms and Measures for Mitigation of Yield Losses
Authors:   Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, Chaudhry Urooj Fatima
Published: September 2021

From many years, global cotton production suffers from waterlogging stress. Climatic variation and heavy rainfall conditions with poor internal soil drainage mechanism limits the growth and development of cotton crop due to waterlogging. It reduced the soil oxygen which causes the severe yield losses and sometimes even failure of a crop. Indeterminate growth habit of cotton plant makes it able to adapt this stress by activation of the escape, self compensation and quiescence mechanism. The reduction of biomass, development of adventitious roots and accelerated growth mechanism, all are associated with adaption and tolerance mechanisms. Waterlogging significantly affect the cellulose and sucrose content of fiber in cotton. Sodic soils also exacerbate the waterlogging stress because these soils already suffer by aeration stress. Different growth stages are effect differently but flowering and boll setting stage is more sensitive to waterlogging conditions.
A Study of “Osteoporosis due to lack of Vitamin - D deficiency” through a small Survey in Kolkata, (West Bengal)
Authors:   H M M College for Women, Kolkata, W.B, India, Ahmed S Rehan
Published: September 2021

Bone loss and osteoporosis with the resultant increase in fracture risk should be major concerns for patients and health care providers. As the population ages, the long-term effects of osteoporosis including pain, loss of independence and institutionalized care will become more prevalent. Efforts to prevent bone loss and osteoporosis should start with proper education about a healthy lifestyle, including optimal calcium and vitamin D and exercise in adolescence. This education should continue throughout life, with emphasis during times of increased bone loss such as the menopause transition. This paper reviews the cornerstone of bone health; calcium and vitamin D. Although dietary sources of both nutrients are available, most people do not receive adequate amounts for proper bone health. In addition, the heightened awareness of damaging effects of sunlight has limited vitamin D synthesis from the skin. Fortunately, supplements are available that can supply the body with amounts necessary for bone health.
Effect of Organic Manures and inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cv. Paraiso
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, AKS University, Sherganj, Satna (M.P.), Kori Hemant
Published: September 2021

The experiment entitled “Effect of Organic Manures and inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cv. Paraiso” was conducted during Rabi season of the year 2020-2021 on experimental farm of Department of Horticulture, AKS University, Satna (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replicated 12 treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: 100% NPK, T3: 100% NPK +100% FYM, T4: 100% NPK + 100% VC, T5: 100% NPK + 50% FYM, T6: 100% NPK + 50% VC, T7: 100% NPK + Bioinoculant, T8: 100% NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC, T9: 100% NPK + 50% FYM + Bioinoculant, T10: 100% NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + Bioinoculant, T11: 75% NPK + Bioinoculant + 100% FYM, T12: 75% NPK + Bioinoculant +100% VC. The results reveal that increase in nitrogen and Bioinoculant level had significant response on vegetative growth yield and quality of Broccoli. The treatment (T10) with 100% NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + Bioinoculant was found to be the best treatment among the different treatments with growth, yield and quality as well as maximum gross return for broccoli under satna condition.
Assessment of Integrated Weed Management in Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, AKS University, Satna, Sherganj - 485001 (M.P.), Doble Pritesh
Published: September 2021

A field experiment was carried out during rainy (Kharif) season of 2019-20 at the research farm of AKS University, Satna, Sherganj, Madhya Pradesh. The treatments comprised twelve mechanical and chemical weed control treatment as detailed in chapter III. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. An uniform dose of 25 kg N and 50 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O/ha was applied through urea, SSP and MOP, to all the experimental plots. Moongbean var. Shikha was sown on 13 July, 2019 keeping a seed rate of 25 kg/ha and row spacing of 30 cm. The plant to plant spacing of 10 cm was maintained by thinning. The weedicides were applied with or without hand weeding once or twice as per treatments. The crop was harvested on 17-23 September, 2019. Amongst the mechanical and chemical weed control method (IWM), hand weeding twice (weed-free condition) proved the best which enhanced significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yield and seed protein of green gram. The seed yield was up to 0.80 t/ha, net income up to Rs.29805 /ha and seed protein 24.46 %. Thereafter each of the herbicides applied along with hand hoeing proved for better than herbicide applied alone. Quizalofop-p-ethyl 700 g/ha with hand hoeing proved better than other three herbicide with hand hoeing. Therefore looking to the labour problem for hand weeding quizalofop + hand hoeing may be adopted to gain maximum benefit from green gram.
Impact of Lockdown Mediated Anthro-Pause on Man-Animal Conflict
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College (Affiliated to University of Calcutta), West Bengal 700006, India, Sinha Debolina
Published: September 2021

Objective: With the COVID-19 pandemic there was a major lockdown world-wide which halted human activity to a total pause giving rise to a new term never known previously “Anthro-pause”. During this anthro-pause there were various reports of rare animal sighting in urban areas. Some of the reports were true and some was far away from reality thus demand for detail study. Methods/findings: Man-animal conflict has resulted in mammoth destruction and aggravated mass extinction. A careful study of the pandemic driven anthro-pause has given a rare chance to study the impact of human intervention on wild life scientifically with realistic observations and data. This study will help to provide insight to address previously intractable questions like is it the urban structures or humans himself that have impacted the wild life. The learning will pave future understandings on how by minor changes to our lifestyles and transport networks can potentially have significant benefits for both ecosystems, human wildlife coexistence.
​Effect of Land Configuration and Nutrient Management Methods on Growth and Yield of Blackgram (Vigna mungo)
Authors: Porpavai S. , Nagarajan M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Pulse require less water than other crops. It plays a significant role in combating soil erosion and degradation. Pulses are the main sources of dietary protein in the vegetarian diet in our country. They preserve soil fertility by biological nitrogen fixation in the soil, as well as being a rich source of protein and thus play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. In Tamil Nadu, the Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ) has a total land area of 1.45 million ha which is equivalent to 11% of the state area and this zone is the potential zone for pulse cultivation. The cultivation of blackgram faces many problems like water logging and inadequate aeration, which affect the growth and yield in flatbed conditionsadversely. Further the major causes of poor productivity and soil fertility are imbalanced application of nutrients. Hence there is a need to evaluate the appropriate land configuration and nutrient management methods. Methods: The field experiment was performed at Soil and Water Management Research Institute, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 in split plot design with four replications. In main plot three land configuration methods viz., broadcasting seeds and forming ridges (30 cm width), broad bed (100 cm width), flatbed and in sub plot three nutrient management methods viz., control (S1), recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (S2), RDF+biofertilizers (S3) in a plot size of 40 m2. In all the land configuration methods 30 cm row spacing is adopted. Line sowing is followed in broad bed (M2) and flat bed method (M3). In broadcasting seeds and forming ridges (M1) the seeds will be broadcasted after land preparation and ridges (30 cm) will be formed with ridge former. Uniform seed rate is adopted in all the methods. Result: Sowing of blackgram in broad beds along with 100% RDF + biofertilizers was found to be superior over flat bed and broadcasting seeds and forming ridges by producing higher grain yield and B:C ratio and achieved the higher productivity and profitability.