bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyoid Bone Position in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Rasheed Faisal , Hassan Awaisi Zubair , Elahi Muhammad Inam , Kanju Abid Hussain , Sahito Zeenat Naz , Dayar Junaid
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Hyoid bone is attached to mandible and cranium by different ligaments and muscular attachments and plays important role in maintaining of functions of oral cavity such as posture of tongue. Hyoid bone is attached to mandible and cranium by different ligaments and muscular attachments and plays important role in maintaining of functions of oral cavity such as posture of tongue.

Materials & Method: Study was carried out in Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan in May-June 2019. Lateral cephalogram of 113 patients were taken from orthodontic department and drawn by using 3H pencil and acetate matte sheets. Skeletal malocclusions were distributed into Class I, Class II and Class III on the bases of ANB angle. Hyoid bone position was determined using method devised by Bibby and Preston. IBM SPSS was used to assess the statistical data and mean, correlations and one sample t-test were applied.

Result: Data shows that in population of Multan, Pakistan, hyoid bone is posterior and downward in position and lies close to mandibular plane. Mean value of C3-H, Hyoid angle and H-RGn was 28.76mm ± 4.01mm, 15.26º ± 5.85º and 33.6mm ± 6.12mm.

Conclusion: It is concluded that hyoid bone is positioned more downward and backward direction in Skeletal Class I cases from given sample, moderately in Class III and less in Class II cases.
PRECIPITAÇÃO ESTIMADA POR SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO NO ESTADO DE SERGIPE
Authors: Silva Darlan Teles , Bispo Bruna Rosiele da Silva , Almeida André Quintão de , Silva Rodolfo Marcondes da , Cruz Marcus Aurélio Soares
Published: April 2020

Atualmente, dados de sensoriamento remoto, como os do Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), vem sendo utilizados para monitorar a distribuição da chuva no tempo e no espaço. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade dos dados da precipitação pluvial estimada pelo produto 3B43-TRMM no estado de Sergipe, nas escalas mensal e anual, entre 1998 e 2013. Os valores pontuais estimados pelo TRMM foram comparados com os dados de precipitação obtidos em 13 postos pluviométricos da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). Os indicativos estatísticos considerados foram o coeficiente de determinação (R²), erro médio absoluto (EMA), raiz do erro quadrado médio (REQM) e índice de concordância de Willmott (d). Os valores de R² foram de 0,49 e 0,16 nas escalas mensal e anual, respectivamente. Para a escala de tempo mensal as melhores estimativas do produto TRMM foram encontradas na região Semiárida do estado de Sergipe, com valores de R², EMA, REQM e d iguais a 0,54, 27,18 mm e 38,71 mm e 0,83, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: 3B43-TRMM; climatologia; hidrologia; chuva. ANALYSIS OF ESTIMATED PRECIPITATION DATA BY REMOTE SENSING IN THE SERGIPE STATE ABSTRACT: Currently, remote sensing data, such as that of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), has been used to monitor the distribution of rain over time and space. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the rainfall data estimated by the product 3B43-TRMM in the state of Sergipe, on the monthly and annual scales, between 1998 and 2013. The point values estimated by the TRMM were compared with the precipitation data obtained in 13 pluviometric stations of the National Water Agency (ANA). The statistical indications considered were the coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute error (EMA), root of the mean square error (REQM) and Willmott's agreement index (d). The R² values were 0.49 and 0.16 on the monthly and annual scales, respectively. For the monthly time scale, the best estimates of the TRMM product were found in the semi-arid region of the state of Sergipe, with values of R², EMA, REQM and d equal to 0.54, 27.18 mm and 38.71 mm and 0.83, respectively.Keywords: 3B43-TRMM, climatology; hydrology; rain.
ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS E MICROBIOLÓGICOS DO SOLO EM PLANTIOS CLONAIS DE EUCALIPTO
Authors: Vargas Giovanno Radel , Marques Renato , Bianchin Jonas Eduardo , Blum Hilbert , Teixeira Wilson Wagner
Published: April 2020

Atributos microbiológicos do solo podem ser relacionados à ciclagem de nutrientes e mesmo com a produtividade de plantas e podem se relacionar com a fertilidade do solo ou com o potencial de desenvolvimento de determinadas espécies. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo em plantios com diferentes materiais genéticos de eucalipto, submetidos ou não ao desbaste florestal. O trabalho foi conduzido em área no município de Itatinga-SP, onde estão plantados oito clones e um plantio semental de eucalipto. As parcelas do experimento foram compostas pelos 8 clones e pelo plantio semental, sendo suas subparcelas as áreas em que foi realizado o desbaste e as áreas onde não foi realizado o desbaste. Foram realizadas coletas de solo para análises químicas e para os atributos microbiológicos nas camadas superficiais do solo. Não foi identificado efeito dos materiais genéticos sobre atributos químicos do solo. Foi observada tendência de maior atividade microbiológica no verão e não foi verificada influência do material genético sobre atributos microbiológicos, mas o desbaste influenciou alguns deles, sem, entretanto, comportamento padrão.Palavras-chave: microbiologia; clones; desbaste; microbiota do solo. CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE SOIL IN CLONAL EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS ABSTRACT: Soil microbiological attributes can be related to nutrient cycling and even plant productivity and can be related to soil fertility or the development potential of certain species. The objective of this work was to characterize chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil in plantations with different genetic materials of eucalyptus, submitted or not to forest thinning. The work was carried out in an area in the municipality of Itatinga-SP, where eight clones and one eucalyptus seed plantation are planted. The experimental plots were composed of 8 clones and seed planting, with its subplots being the areas where thinning was carried out and the areas where thinning was not carried out. Soil collections were carried out for chemical analysis and microbiological attributes in the superficial layers of the soil. No effect of genetic materials on soil chemical attributes was identified. A trend towards greater microbiological activity was observed in the summer and there was no influence of genetic material on microbiological attributes, but thinning influenced some of them, without, however, standard behavior.Keywords: microbiology; clones; thinning; soil microbiota.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE FUNGOS BENÉFICOS NA FORMAÇÃO DE MUDAS DE GOIABEIRA EM SOLOS INFESTADOS COM NEMATOIDES
Authors: Silva Adriana de Abreu , Souza Ivan Vilas Bôas , Porto John Silva , São José Abel Rebouças
Published: April 2020

O nematoide das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.) tem sido um fator limitante ao cultivo da goiabeira no Brasil, pois restringe a produção e a qualidade dos frutos. O controle biológico vem sendo empregado para suprimir nematoides fitopatogênicos e a inoculação com Trichoderma spp. e Pochonia chlamydosporia é um método promissor, contudo poucas pesquisas são relatadas com estes fungos à cerca da cultura da goiabeira. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum e Pochonia chlamydosporia na modulação morfológica do crescimento inicial de mudas de goiabeira ‘Paluma’ em solo naturalmente infestado com Meloidogyne spp. A pesquisa ocorreu na Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia – UESB, Campus de Vitória da Conquista - BA em telado experimental. Foram realizadas as análises morfológicas altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, comprimento de raízes, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e das raízes. Foi possível observar que os fungos de biocontrole não foram eficientes na supressão dos nematoides juvenis durante o período de avaliação, no entanto a inoculação com Trichoderma harzianum, promoveu incremento nas massas fresca e seca da parte aérea e na massa seca das raízes, Pochonia clamydosporia mostrou-se menos eficiente quanto a promoção de crescimento inicial das mudas quando comparadas a Trichoderma spp.Palavras-chave: Psidium guajava; Trichoderma spp.; Pochonia spp.; Meloidogyne spp. USE OF BENEFICIAL FUNGI IN DEVELOPMENT OF GUAVA SEEDLINGS IN NEMATODES INFESTED SOILS ABSTRACT: Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) has been a limiting factor to growing guava in Brazil since it restricts yield and fruit quality. Biological control has been employed to suppress phytopathogenic nematodes. The inoculation with Trichoderma spp. and Pochonia chlamydosporia is a promising method; however, studies on the impact of these fungi on guava trees are lacking. This work aimed to assess the efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Pochonia chlamydosporia in morphological modulation at the early development of ‘Paluma’ guava seedlings grown on a soil naturally infested by Meloidogyne spp. The study took place at the State University of Southeastern Bahia – UESB, campus Vitória da Conquista, Bahia state, Brazil, in a net house. The following morphological traits were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, root length, and fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots. These fungi as biocontrol agents were not efficient in suppressing juvenile nematodes over the evaluation period; nonetheless, inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum increased fresh and dry weights of shoot as well a root dry weight. Pochonia clamydosporia was less efficient in promoting the early development of seedlings compared to Trichoderma spp.Keywords: Psidium guajava; Trichoderma spp.; Pochonia spp.; Meloidogyne spp.
ALTERAÇÕES TEMPORAIS NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA DE TECA EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS
Authors: Vendruscolo Diogo Guido Streck , Cerqueira Clebson Lima , Madi João Paulo Sardo , Silva Raiane Scandiane da , Carvalho Samuel de Pádua Chaves e , Medeiros Reginaldo Antonio
Published: April 2020

Objetivou-se neste estudo modelar e avaliar as alterações temporais da distribuição diamétrica em povoamentos experimentais de teca (Tectona grandis L.f) com diferentes espaçamentos implantados na região de Cáceres-MT. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 11, 16 e 17 anos de idade, com a base de dados proveniente da medição do diâmetro a 1,3 m de altura (dap) nas parcelas. Para a modelagem diamétrica, adotou-se a função Weibull com três parâmetros e a qualidade dos ajustes foi avaliada através do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A função de Weibull com três parâmetros descreveu com precisão a distribuição diamétrica de teca em diferentes idades e espaçamentos. O aumento do espaçamento e da idade proporcionou um deslocamento modal para a direita em função do crescimento em dap das árvores. O ingresso de árvores nas sucessivas classes de diâmetro é menor em maiores densidades independentemente da idade, verifica-se que houve uma estagnação no crescimento nos diferentes tratamentos, com mais evidência para o mais adensado (3×2 m) indicando a necessidade de intervenção silvicultural por meio de desbastes.Palavras-chave: Tectona grandis; densidade de plantio; modelagem diamétrica; manejo florestal. TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE DIAMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF TEAK IN DIFFERENT SPACINGS ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to model and evaluate the temporal changes in the diametric distribution of experimental stands of teak (Tectona grandis L. f) in different spacings in the region of Cáceres-MT, Brazil. The evaluations were made at 11, 16 and 17 years of age, with the database coming from measurement of the diameter at 1.3m height (dbh) in the plots. For diametric modeling, we adopted the Weibull function with three parameters and the quality of the adjustments was by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Weibull function accurately described the diametric distribution of teak at different ages and spacings. The increase in spacing and age provide the modal shift to the right as a function of the growth in dbh of the trees. The entrance of trees in successive diameter classes is smaller in higher densities regardless of age, with more evidence for the denser one (3 × 2 m) indicating the need for silvicultural intervention through thinning.Keywords: Tectona grandis; planting density; diametric modeling; forest management.
EFEITO DA SALINIDADE NA GERMINAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE Ochroma pyramidale
Authors: Cruz Viviane da Silva da , Yamashita Oscar Mitsuo , Karsburg Isane Vera , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Dallacort Rivanildo , Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini , Silva Ivone Vieira da
Published: April 2020

No presente trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito da salinidade sobre a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento pós-seminal de Ochroma pyramidale através de três agentes osmóticos (NaCl, CaCl2 e KCl), em dois experimentos. No primeiro, foi avaliado o estresse salino na germinação em esquema fatorial de 3 x 6, utilizando NaCl, CaCl2 e KCl, e seis potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6 e -0,8 MPa). No segundo experimento, estudou-se o crescimento inicial de plântulas, utilizando os mesmos agentes osmóticos, em quatro potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,1; -0,2 e -0,3 MPa), no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso esquema fatorial 3 x 4. O efeito da salinidade interferiu na germinação de sementes O. pyramidale, havendo redução à medida que os potenciais se tornaram mais negativos à produção de massa seca de plântula, percentual de germinação e velocidade do processo germinativo. No potencial osmótico de -0,8 MPa, ocorreu inibição total, evidenciando que o CaCl2 apresentou um efeito inibitório mais acentuado que o NaCl, seguido pelo KCl. No desenvolvimento de plantas, o NaCl provocou maior sensibilidade, comparando-se ao CaCl2 nos maiores potenciais osmóticos.Palavras-chave: Pau-de-balsa; germinabilidade; potencial osmótico; estresse salino. EFFECT OF SALINITY IN THE GERMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF Ochroma pyramidale SEEDLINGS ABSTRACT: In the present study, the effect of salinity on seed germination and post-seminal development of Ochroma pyramidale was evaluated through three osmotic agents (NaCl, CaCl2 and KCl) in two experiments. In the first experiment, salt stress in germination was evaluated in a factorial scheme 3 x 6, using NaCl, CaCl2 and KCl; and six osmotic potentials (0.0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa). In the second experiment, the initial development of plants, using the same osmotic agents, was studied in four osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa), in a completely randomized design 3 x 4 factorial scheme. The effect of salinity interfered on the germination of O. pyramidale seeds, with reduction as the potentials became more negative for the production of dry seedling mass, percentage of germination and germination speed. In the osmotic potential of -0.8 MPa, total inhibition occurred, evidencing that CaCl2 had a stronger inhibitory effect than NaCl, followed by KCl. In the development of plants, NaCl caused greater sensitivity when compared to CaCl2 in the highest osmotic potentials.Keywords: Pau-de-Balsa wood; germinability; osmotic potential; saline stress.
EXTRATO DE MAMONA COMO MANIPULADOR DA FERMENTAÇÃO RUMINAL
Authors: Franco Pâmella Moraes , Oliveira Márcia Rodrigues Carvalho , Assis Joao Rafael de , Gouveira Junior Jurandy , Torres Rodrigo Nazare Santos , Alessi Karine Claudia , Sinhorin Adilson Paulo , Kerkhoff Jacqueline , Oliveira Andre Soares de
Published: April 2020

Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos da adição do extrato de farelo de mamona (EFM) sobre o perfil da fermentação ruminal in vitro em dietas com alto e baixo teor de forragem. Utilizou-se ensaio de incubação ruminal in vitro com dois controles, um negativo (sem aditivo) e um positivo (monensina sódica) e EFM liofilizado (20, 40 e 60 mg/frasco). Em condições de alto teor de forragem na dieta, a adição do EFM aumentou o pH do meio e a concentração de acetato, reduziu a produção de gás, mas não afetou a produção de gás por unidade de matéria seca (MS) digerida em relação ao tratamento controle. Em comparação com monensina sódica, o EFM reduziu as concentrações de propionato e amônia e aumentou a produção de gás por unidade de MS digerida. Em condições de baixo teor de forragem, a adição do EFM reduziu o pH e potencial redox do meio em relação ao tratamento controle. Em comparação com a monensina sódica, o EFM reduziu o pH do meio e a produção total de gás, mas não afetou a produção de gás por unidade de MS digerida. O extrato de farelo de mamona destoxificado não apresenta potencial como manipulador da fermentação ruminal.Palavras-chave: amônia; digestibilidade; eficiência; metano. CASTOR BEAN EXTRACT AS A MANIPULATOR OF RUMINAL FERMENTATION ABSTRACT: Effects of the castorbean meal extract (CME) on ruminal in vitro were investigate in high and low forage diet conditions. For each dietary condition, one in vitro ruminal incubation experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with nine repetitions per treatment (three animal inoculum donators and three 48 hors-incubations). In high forage diet, CME increased ruminal pH acetate concentration, reduced gas production, but it did not affect the gas production per unit of digested dry matter (DM), in relation to control treatment. Compare to monensin sodium, CME reduced propionate and ammonia concentrations and increased gas production per unit of digested DM, indicating that CME reduces ruminal energetic efficiency. In low forage diet, CME reduced pH and redox potential compare to control. Compare to monensin sodium, CME reduced pH and gas production, but it did not affect gas production per unit of digested DM. Castorbean meal extract does not present potential as manipulator of the ruminal fermentation.Keywords: ammonia; digestibility; efficiency; methane.
CULTIVARES DE SOJA EM FUNÇÃO DE ELEMENTOS CLIMÁTICOS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE TANGARÁ DA SERRA E DIAMANTINO, MT
Authors: Silva Elizangela Selma , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo , Dallacort Rivanildo
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da temperatura e precipitação no desempenho agronômico de cultivares de soja nos municípios de Tangará da Serra e Diamantino, MT. Os experimentos foram realizados na safra 2012/13. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados fatorial 2x4x6. Sendo dois locais, quatro épocas de semeadura (05/10/2012; 20/10/2012; 05/11/2012 e 20/11/2012) e seis cultivares de soja (AS7307, ANTA 82, TMG 1179, P98Y30, TMG 132 e M-SOY 9144), totalizando 48 tratamentos e três repetições. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de mil grãos, produtividade e balanço hídrico climatológico sequencial diário. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott, a 5% de significância. A segunda época (20/10/12) foi a que proporcionou maior rendimento de grãos para a maioria das cultivares nos dois municípios estudados, sendo que as seis cultivares analisadas apresentaram variação na produtividade em função da época e local de cultivo. A quarta época de semeadura (05/11/12) foi a que mais influenciou na massa de mil grãos, devido a redução no ciclo das cultivares nessa época.Palavras-chave: Glycine max (L.) Merrill; épocas semeadura; temperatura; precipitação. SOYBEAN VARIETIES BASED ON CLIMATIC ELEMENTS IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF TANGARÁ DA SERRA E DIAMANTINO, MT ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and precipitation in the agronomic performance of six soybean cultivars sown in four seasons in the municipalities of Tangará da Serra and Diamantino, MT. The field experiments were conducted in the 20012/13 crop season. The experimental design was a randomized block with factorial treatment 2x4x6. Being two locations, four sowing seasons (10/05/2012, 10/20/2012, 11/05/2012 and 11/20/2012) and six soybean cultivars (AS7307, ANTA 82, TMG 1179, P98Y30, TMG 132 and M-SOY 9144), totaling 48 treatments and three replications. The following evaluations were conducted: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, thousand grain weight, productivity and daily sequential water balance. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The second sowing season (10/20/12) had the highest grain yield for most of the cultivars in both municipalities. The six cultivars analyzed had variation in productivity due to the sowing season and region of cultivation. The fourth sowing season (11/05/12) was the greatest influence in thousand grain weight, due to a reduction in the cultivars cycle in this season.Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merrill; sowing seasons; temperature; precipitation.
AVALIAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS ENERGÉTICOS PARA VACAS LEITEIRAS
Authors: Batista Graciele Fatima do Nascimento , Oliveira Márcia Rodrigues Carvalho , Moura Daiane Caroline de , Souza Jocely Gomes de , Silva Henrique Melo da , Gallardo Walter Bedon , Donadia Andrea Beltrano , Oliveira Andre Soares de
Published: April 2020

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade da predição das exigências de energia para vacas leiteiras do sistema de Oliveira (2015) para condições tropicais, em comparação aos sistemas AFRC (1993), NRC (2001), Feed into Milk (THOMAS, 2004), INRA (2007), CSIRO (2007) e Moraes et al. (2015). Utilizou-se observações de quatro experimentos de alimentação de vacas leiteiras do tipo rotativo, totalizando 181 observações de consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) de 16 dietas experimentais. O conjunto de dados construídos apresentou uma ampla variação nas características dos animais (produção de leite entre 6,1 a 36,5 kg/dia), dieta e consumo de NDT (4,0 a 16,6 kg/dia). O sistema energético de Oliveira (2015) explicou 83% do consumo de NDT observado, superestimou o consumo de NDT em média 0,35 kg/dia e apresentou raiz quadrada do erro médio de predição (RQEMP) de 12,2% do valor observado. Os sistemas AFRC (1993), NRC (2001), Feed into Milk (THOMAS, 2014) e Moraes et al (2015) apresentaram RQEMP similares (P > 0,05) ao sistema de Oliveira (2015), indicando similaridade na acurácia para predizer as exigências de energia para vacas leiteiras em condições tropicais. Recomenda-se ainda investigar a adequação destes sistemas energéticos em experimentos de longa duração.Palavras-chave: acurácia; energia; sistemas nutricionais. EVALUATION OF ENERGETICS SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY COWS ABSTRACT: The objective was evaluate accuracy and precision of the estimated energy requirements for lactating dairy of the Oliveira (2015) system to tropical condition, compared to AFRC (1993), NRC (2001), Feed into Milk (THOMAS, 2004), INRA (2007), CSIRO (2007) and proposed by Moraes et al. (2015). Four rotative feeding trials were used as dataset, totalizing 181 observations of total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake from 16 diets. Dataset had wide variation in animal performance (milk yield between 6.1 to 36.5 kg/day), diet and TDN intake (4.0 to 16.6 kg/day). The Oliveira (2015) system explained 83% of the observed TDN intake, over-predicted TDN intake by 0.34 kg/day and presented root mean square error of prediction (RMSPE) of the 12.2% of the observed TDN intake. AFRC (1993), NRC (2001), Feed into Milk (THOMAS, 2014) e Moraes et al (2015) systems had similar RMSPE (P > 0.05) to Oliveira (2015) system, indicating similar accuracy to predict energy requirement for dairy cows under tropical conditions. We recommended to investigate the adequacy these systems in long term feeding trials.Keywords: accuracy; energy; nutritional systems.
FATORES QUE AFETAM A RENTABILIDADE DA PECUÁRIA DE LEITE
Authors: Olini Lucas Maciel Gomes , Donadia Andrea Beltrani , Silva Henrique Melo da , Alessi Karine Claudia , Abreu Daniel Carneiro de , Oliveira Andre Soares de
Published: April 2020

Objetivou-se identificar e quantificar os indicadores associados com o tamanho, com a taxa de giro do capital investido (TGC) e com a lucratividade que afetam a rentabilidade da pecuária de leite. Os dados originaram-se de vinte e sete produtores de leite (213,6 ± 193,9 litros de leite/fazenda/dia) no Estado de Mato Grosso, coletados durante doze meses. Dos fatores associados com a lucratividade, o custo com mão-de-obra relativa à renda com leite e a produtividade da mão-de-obra afetaram negativamente a rentabilidade. O preço do leite, os custos com alimentação concentrada ou volumosa relativos à renda bruta com leite não afetaram a rentabilidade da pecuária.  Os indicadores associados com a produtividade da terra (produção de leite por área e número de vacas em lactação por área usada pelo rebanho) apresentaram maior impacto na rentabilidade da pecuária de leite que os indicadores de produtividade do rebanho. A proporção de vacas em lactação em relação ao rebanho e a produção de leite por total de vacas (mas não por vaca em lactação) são os indicadores de produtividade do rebanho de maior impacto na rentabilidade.Palavras-chave: custo de produção; eficiência; lucratividade. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROFITABILITY OF DAIRY FARMING  ABSTRACT: The objective was to identify and quantify the impact of indicators associated with size, return on invested capital (ROIC) and profitability on economic performance (rentability) of dairy farms. Data from twenty seven dairy farms (213.6 ± 193.9 liters milk/farm/day) were collected in Mato Grosso State, during twelve months. Of the factors associated with profitability, the labor cost and labor productivity negatively affected rentability. Milk price and concentrate feed cost (in relation with milk gross income) did not affect rentability of dairy farm. Land productivity index (milk yield/dairy farm area; lactating cows/dairy farm area used by dairy herd) had greater impact on economic performance than animal productivity index. Lactating cows/head ratio and milk yield per total cows (but not by lactating cow) are the animal productivity index that had the greatest impact on rentability of dairy farms.Keywords: cost of production; efficiency; profitability.
USO DE IMAGENS LANDSAT PARA O MONITORAMENTO DA COBERTURA FLORESTAL DE TRÊS RPPNs EM RONDÔNIA
Authors: Zanchetta Micheli Leite , Rosa Diogo Martins
Published: April 2020

O desmatamento ilegal na região amazônica vem crescendo muito nas últimas décadas, os maiores avanços e mais preocupantes estão dentro de Unidades de Conservação (UCs). Nesse contexto, esse estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de três Reservas Particulares de Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) para a conversação da cobertura florestal. Para isso, foi realizado o monitoramento da cobertura do solo de três RPPNs (Seringal Assunção, Vale das Antas e Água boa) com uso da classificação supervisionada das imagens Landsat 5 e 8, referentes aos anos de criação de cada RPPN e o ano de 2018. Para realizar a classificação foram coletados ~60 pixels por área de interesse (ROI), as classes selecionadas foram: água, solo exposto e floresta. Com o monitoramento das três RPPNs foi observado um aumento entre 2% até 35% de cobertura florestal nas RPPNs. O monitoramento das RPPNs com o uso de imagens Landsat possibilitou detectar a eficiência da regeneração natural da cobertura florestal, bem como a preservação da vegetação nativa. Portanto, conclui-se que as RPPNs são eficientes para conter o desmatamento, porém são necessárias mais pesquisas nesse sentido, visto que há poucos trabalhos de monitoramento de unidades de conservação em Rondônia e no Brasil.Palavras-chave: monitoramento; unidade de conservação; uso sustentável. USE OF LANDSAT IMAGES FOR THE MONITORING OF THE FOREST COVERAGE OF THREE PRIVATE NATURAL HERITAGE RESERVE (RPPNs) IN RONDÔNIA ABSTRACT: Illegal deforestation in the amazon region has been growing a lot in recent years, the biggest and most worrying advances are within Conservation Units (CUs). This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of three Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN) for the conservation of the forest cover. Therefore, for this research, three RPPNs (Seringal Assunção, Vale das Antas and Água Boa) were monitored using the supervised classification of images Landsat 5 and 8, corresponding to the years of creation of each RPPN and 2018. To perform the classification were collected ~60 pixels per area of interest (ROI), the classes selected were water, exposed soil and forest. After monitoring the three RPPNs, it was possible to observe an increase between 2% up to 35% of forest cover in the RPPNs. With the monitoring of the RPPNs using the images Landsat it was possible to detect the efficiency of the natural regeneration of the forest cover, as well as the preservation of the native vegetation. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that RPPNs are efficient to contain deforestation. However, further research is still needed in this area, since there are few researches on the monitoring of conservation units in Rondônia as well as in Brazil.Keywords: monitoring; conservation unit; sustainable use.
SELEÇÃO FENOTÍPICA DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO PARA AMBIENTES DE BAIXA ALTITUDE E DÉFICIT HÍDRICO
Authors: Bernini Cristiani Santos , Santos Fernando André Silva , Silva Douglas Santos , Figueiredo Zulema Netto
Published: April 2020

O emprego de cultivares tolerantes à seca apresenta como uma estratégia eficiente para aumentar a produtividade das culturas em áreas sujeitas a períodos de déficit hídrico frequente. Para construir um “padrão de cultivares” o desafio é adequar aos caracteres secundários do germoplasma de milho para os ambientes de estresse hídrico. O trabalho teve por objetivo: identificar híbridos comerciais de milho quanto aos caracteres secundários para o cultivo nos ambientes de baixa altitude e déficit hídrico. O experimento foi implantado em Cáceres (MT) na 2° safra de 2017/18, sob delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com 3 repetições. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: alturas da planta e de espiga, florescimentos masculino e feminino, intervalo entre florescimentos, stay-green, peso de grãos e componentes de produção. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e posteriormente agrupados pelo teste Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Os híbridos comerciais AG8088 PRO2, DKB177 PRO3, MG600 PW e 30F53 VYH se mostraram favoráveis para região de estudo, por possuírem produtividade média alta, sendo recomendados para cultivo no Sudoeste do Mato Grosso. Pode-se selecionar florescimento masculino, altura de plantas e stay-green como caracteres de seleção fenotípica para discriminação de híbridos para programas de melhoramento visando tolerância à seca.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L.; caracteres secundários; safrinha. PHENOTYPIC SELECTION OF MAIZE HYBRIDS FOR ENVIRONMENTS OF  LOW LATITUDE AND WATER DEFICIT ABSTRACT: The use drought-tolerant cultivars presents itself as an efficient strategy to increase productivity of crops in areas subject to frequent periods of water deficit. To build a "pattern of cultivars" the challenge is to adapt to secondary characters of the germoplasm of maize for the environments of drought stress. The study aimed to: identify commercial hybrids of maize on the secondary characters for cultivation in environments of low altitude and water deficit. The experiment was deployed in Cáceres (MT) in second crop 2017/18, in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The following characters were evaluated: plant height and ear, flowering male and female, the interval between flowering, stay-green, grain weight and yield components. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and subsequently grouped by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The commercial hybrids AG8088 PRO2, DKB177 PRO3, MG600 PW and 30F53 VYH proved favorable to the study region, because they have average productivity high, being recommended for cultivation in the southwest of Mato Grosso. You can select flowering male, plant height and stay-green as characters of phenotypic selection for discrimination of hybrids for breeding programs aiming to drought tolerance.Keywords: Zea mays L.; secondary character; off-season.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РЕЖИМА УСТАНОВКИ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО ПИРОЛИЗА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ НА КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ СОСТАВ ТЯЖЁЛОЙ СМОЛЫ
Authors: Садыгов Ф. М.  , Магеррамова З. Ю.  , Гаджиев Г. Н.  , Гасан-заде Г. Г.  , Мамедова И. Г.  , Меликова Э. Т.
Published: April 2020

The dependence of the yield and composition of the heavy pyrolysis resin on the initial hydrocarbon feedstock and the process conditions is investigated. The variation of technological parameters within certain limits leads to a change in the content of low molecular weight olefins in the gaseous pyrolysis products, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of by-product liquid products. As a result of the research, the optimum process conditions for the pyrolysis of straight-run gasoline were determined, which, with the maximum conversion of hydrocarbons to low-molecular-weight olefins, significantly increases the yield of heavy resin containing a wide fraction of naphthalene, biphenyl, indene and their alkyl derivatives. It is shown that when treating by-products containing valuable hydrocarbons as target products and combining the technological mode of pyrolysis and their composition, it is possible to achieve along with the maximum yield of low molecular weight olefins, a significant yield of heavy pyrolysis resin and qualitative changes in its composition.
Pilot Study of the Difference C-TBNA with EBUS-TBNA in Mediastinal Bronchial-Derived Cysts
Authors: Jiang Jun-hong , Zeng Da-xiong , huang Jian-an , Mao Jing-yu , Jiang Jun-hong , Sheng Yue-feng , Liu Zi-yi
Published: April 2020

Objective: To investigate the difference value of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (C-TBNA)
and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in mediastinal
bronchogenic cysts.
Method: A retrospective analysis of clinical data and follow-up data of 27 patients using conventional
TBNA and EBUS-TBNA techniques diagnosed as mediastinal bronchogenic cysts from May 2008 to
December 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University was done.
Results: In 8 years, there were 13 cases of C-TBNA and 14 cases of EBUS-TBNA-diagnosed mediastinal
bronchogenic cysts. C-TBNA extracted clear liquid and its volume was 8.9 ± 1.5 ml. The 14 patients
examined by EBUS had a homogenous anechoic signal. Clear liquid was extracted, and its volume was 29.1
± 7.5 ml. The cyst liquid extracted with EBUS-TBNA was significantly more than that extracted with CTBNA (P < 0.05). During follow-up, 1 patient had cyst rupture after being punctured by C-TBNA,
secondary pulmonary infection and right pleural effusion, followed by surgical treatment. The recurrence
rate for C-TBNA was 100.00% (13/13), and that for EBUS-TBNA was 14.29% (2/14) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The C-TBNA and EBUS-TBNA technologies have high diagnostic value for the
mediastinal bronchogenic cysts. Both C-TBNA and EBUS-TBNA technologies have the risk of
secondary infection and recurrence of cysts.
Sosialisasi Sistem Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Bersama Kepala Sekolah dan Guru-guru SD Islam Madinaturramlah Banjarmasin
Authors: Wahab Abdul
Published: April 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan oleh Tim Pengabdian dari  Fakultas Studi Islam, Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB Banjarmasin, pengabdian ini berlokasi di SD Islam Madinaturramlah dengan sampel 15 guru. Seiring dengan perkembangan lembaga keuangan syariah baik lembaga dalam bentuk bank maupun non-bank, namun masih ada masalah dalam menjalankan sistem LKS berbasis syariah, karena umumnya masih memahami LKS dengan konsep konvensional. Pengamatan yang dilakukan oleh penyedia layanan menemukan bahwa mereka (guru) menjalankan praktik lembaga keuangan syariah non bank, yaitu koperasi guru yang masih menggunakan sistem konvensional. Berdasarkan hal ini, pelayan perlu mensosialisasikan sistem lembaga keuangan Islam. Sosialisasi dilakukan dalam beberapa langkah seperti memilih peserta target, menyiapkan bahan untuk peralatan dan peralatan, menyiapkan kerangka kerja dan jadwal. Hasil sosialisasi ini menyatakan bahwa ada peningkatan pemahaman tentang sistem lembaga keuangan syariah sebesar 75% seperti yang diharapkan dan umumnya mereka (para peserta) berharap dapat melakukan kegiatan mendatang dengan tema yang berbeda
Peningkatan Kesehatan Masyarakat Melalui Pemberdayaan Wanita dalam Pemanfaatan Pekarangan dengan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) di Dusun Semawung
Authors: Nurjanah Siti Rahayu , Nurazizah Nadia Naila , Septiana Fera , Shalikhah Norma Dewi
Published: April 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sedayu, Dusun Semawung, Kecamatan Muntilan, Kabupaten Magelang, pada kelompok PKK Dusun Semawung. Kegiatan ini bertujuan membantu para ibu untuk meningkatkan kesehatan keluarga dengan mengurangi pengeluaran dalam membeli obat, dan meningkatkan pemanfaatan pekarangan dengan tanaman yang berfungsi sebagai obat. Penerapan kegiatan adalah dengan introduksi beberapa jenis tanaman yang berfungsi sebagai obat. Metode yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi, penyuluhan, demonstrasi plot dan pendampingan. Perubahan pola pikir dan gaya hidup masyarakat  saat ini memerlukan adanya sosialisasi. Sosialisasi TOGA terus dilakukan baik melalui pelatihan hingga pengadaan lomba Desa atau Kota Pelaksana Terbaik Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Hasil TOGA hingga tingkat nasional. Lemahnya daya beli masyarakat dan melambungnya harga obat-obatan modern memaksa masyarakat dan pemerintah mencari upaya mengatasi keadaan ini dengan cara kembali ke alam
Briket Kotoran Kambing (BRIKOKA) Fermentasi Sebagai Media Planter Bag Budidaya Vanili Desa Jelok Kaligesing Purworejo
Authors: Wibawanti Jeki Mediantari Wahyu , Fadhiliya Lukman , Pamungkas Sapto
Published: April 2020

Kaligesing merupakan sentra pengembangan Kambing Kaligesing di Jawa Tengah. Pemanfaatan kotoran ternak dari kambing belum dilakukan secara optimal dan budidaya Vanili secara konvensional. Tujuan pengabdian PKM (Program Kemitraan Masyarakat) ini memberikan sebagai inovasi pemanfaatan kotoran kambing yang diproses menjadi Briket Kotoran Kambing Fermentasi (Brikoka) serta memberikan inisiasi budidaya tanaman vanili dengan penggunaan Brikoka sebagai media dalam metode planter bag  dan menjadi Produk Ungggulan Kawasan Perdesaan (Prukades) di Desa Jelok Kecamatan Kaligesing, Purworejo. Brikoka menjadi sumber nutrisi bagi tanaman. Teknik ini dapat memaksimalkan pertumbuhan vanili. Akar vanili akan menjalar dalam media tanam planter bag sehingga akan mendapat pasokan nutrisi yang cukup.
Radiological and clinical associations with scoliosis outcomes after posterior fossa decompression in patients with Chiari malformation and syrinx from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium
Authors: Strahle Jennifer M. , Taiwo Rukayat , Averill Christine , Torner James , Gewirtz Jordan I. , Shannon Chevis N. , Bonfield Christopher M. , Tuite Gerald F. , Bethel-Anderson Tammy , Anderson Richard C. E. , Kelly Michael P. , Shimony Joshua S. , Dacey Ralph G. , Smyth Matthew D. , Park Tae Sung , Limbrick David D. , _ _
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

In patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) and a syrinx who also have scoliosis, clinical and radiological predictors of curve regression after posterior fossa decompression are not well known. Prior reports indicate that age younger than 10 years and a curve magnitude < 35° are favorable predictors of curve regression following surgery. The aim of this study was to determine baseline radiological factors, including craniocervical junction alignment, that might predict curve stability or improvement after posterior fossa decompression.

METHODS

A large multicenter retrospective and prospective registry of pediatric patients with CM-I (tonsils ≥ 5 mm below the foramen magnum) and a syrinx (≥ 3 mm in width) was reviewed for clinical and radiological characteristics of CM-I, syrinx, and scoliosis (coronal curve ≥ 10°) in patients who underwent posterior fossa decompression and who also had follow-up imaging.

RESULTS

Of 825 patients with CM-I and a syrinx, 251 (30.4%) were noted to have scoliosis present at the time of diagnosis. Forty-one (16.3%) of these patients underwent posterior fossa decompression and had follow-up imaging to assess for scoliosis. Twenty-three patients (56%) were female, the mean age at time of CM-I decompression was 10.0 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 1.3 years. Nine patients (22%) had stable curves, 16 (39%) showed improvement (> 5°), and 16 (39%) displayed curve progression (> 5°) during the follow-up period. Younger age at the time of decompression was associated with improvement in curve magnitude; for those with curves of ≤ 35°, 17% of patients younger than 10 years of age had curve progression compared with 64% of those 10 years of age or older (p = 0.008). There was no difference by age for those with curves > 35°. Tonsil position, baseline syrinx dimensions, and change in syrinx size were not associated with the change in curve magnitude. There was no difference in progression after surgery in patients who were also treated with a brace compared to those who were not treated with a brace for scoliosis.

CONCLUSIONS

In this cohort of patients with CM-I, a syrinx, and scoliosis, younger age at the time of decompression was associated with improvement in curve magnitude following surgery, especially in patients younger than 10 years of age with curves of ≤ 35°. Baseline tonsil position, syrinx dimensions, frontooccipital horn ratio, and craniocervical junction morphology were not associated with changes in curve magnitude after surgery.
Bringing high-grade arteriovenous malformations under control: clinical outcomes following multimodality treatment in children
Authors: Winkler Ethan A. , Lu Alex , Morshed Ramin A. , Yue John K. , Rutledge W. Caleb , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Patel Arati B. , Ammanuel Simon G. , Braunstein Steve , Fox Christine K. , Fullerton Heather J. , Kim Helen , Cooke Daniel , Hetts Steven W. , Lawton Michael T. , Abla Adib A. , Gupta Nalin
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) consist of dysplastic blood vessels with direct arteriovenous shunts that can hemorrhage spontaneously. In children, a higher lifetime hemorrhage risk must be balanced with treatment-related morbidity. The authors describe a collaborative, multimodal strategy resulting in effective and safe treatment of pediatric AVMs.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database was performed in children with treated and nontreated pediatric AVMs at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1998 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were age ≤ 18 years at time of diagnosis and an AVM confirmed by a catheter angiogram.

RESULTS

The authors evaluated 189 pediatric patients with AVMs over the study period, including 119 ruptured (63%) and 70 unruptured (37%) AVMs. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.6 ± 4.3 years. With respect to Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade, there were 38 (20.1%) grade I, 40 (21.2%) grade II, 62 (32.8%) grade III, 40 (21.2%) grade IV, and 9 (4.8%) grade V lesions. Six patients were managed conservatively, and 183 patients underwent treatment, including 120 resections, 82 stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and 37 endovascular embolizations. Forty-four of 49 (89.8%) high-grade AVMs (SM grade IV or V) were treated. Multiple treatment modalities were used in 29.5% of low-grade and 27.3% of high-grade AVMs. Complete angiographic obliteration was obtained in 73.4% of low-grade lesions (SM grade I–III) and in 45.2% of high-grade lesions. A periprocedural stroke occurred in a single patient (0.5%), and there was 1 treatment-related death. The mean clinical follow-up for the cohort was 4.1 ± 4.6 years, and 96.6% and 84.3% of patients neurologically improved or remained unchanged in the ruptured and unruptured AVM groups following treatment, respectively. There were 16 bleeding events following initiation of AVM treatment (annual rate: 0.02 events per person-year).

CONCLUSIONS

Coordinated multidisciplinary evaluation and individualized planning can result in safe and effective treatment of children with AVMs. In particular, it is possible to treat the majority of high-grade AVMs with an acceptable safety profile. Judicious use of multimodality therapy should be limited to appropriately selected patients after thorough team-based discussions to avoid additive morbidity. Future multicenter studies are required to better design predictive models to aid with patient selection for multimodal pediatric care, especially with high-grade AVMs.
Biomechanical analysis of occipitocervical stabilization techniques: emphasis on integrity of osseous structures at the occipital implantation sites
Authors: Cunningham Bryan W. , Mueller Kyle B. , Mullinix Kenneth P. , Sun Xiaolei , Sandhu Faheem A.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the current study was to quantify and compare the multidirectional flexibility properties of occipital anchor fixation with conventional methods of occipitocervical screw fixation using nondestructive and destructive investigative methods.

METHODS

Fourteen cadaveric occipitocervical specimens (Oc–T2) were randomized to reconstruction with occipital anchors or an occipital plate and screws. Using a 6-degree-of-freedom spine simulator with moments of ± 2.0 Nm, initial multidirectional flexibility analysis of the intact and reconstructed conditions was performed followed by fatigue loading of 25,000 cycles of flexion-extension (x-axis, ± 2.0 Nm), 15,000 cycles of lateral bending (z-axis, ± 2.0 Nm), and 10,000 cycles of axial rotation (y-axis, ± 2.0 Nm). Fluoroscopic images of the implantation sites were obtained before and after fatigue testing and placed on an x-y coordinate system to quantify positional stability of the anchors and screws used for reconstruction and effect, if any, of the fatigue component. Destructive testing included an anterior flexural load to construct failure. Quantification of implant, occipitocervical, and atlantoaxial junction range of motion is reported as absolute values, and peak flexural failure moment in Newton-meters (Nm).

RESULTS

Absolute value comparisons between the intact condition and 2 reconstruction groups demonstrated significant reductions in segmental flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation motion at the Oc–C1 and C1–2 junctions (p < 0.05). The average bone mineral density at the midline keel (1.422 g/cm3) was significantly higher compared with the lateral occipital region at 0.671 g/cm3 (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the occipital anchor and plate treatments in terms of angular rotation (degrees; p = 0.150) or x-axis displacement (mm; p = 0.572), but there was a statistically significant difference in y-axis displacement (p = 0.031) based on quantitative analysis of the pre- and postfatigue fluoroscopic images (p > 0.05). Under destructive anterior flexural loading, the occipital anchor group failed at 90 ± 31 Nm, and the occipital plate group failed at 79 ± 25 Nm (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Both reconstructions reduced flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation at the occipitocervical and atlantoaxial junctions, as expected. Flexural load to failure did not differ significantly between the 2 treatment groups despite occipital anchors using a compression-fit mechanism to provide fixation in less dense bone. These data suggest that an occipital anchor technique serves as a biomechanically viable clinical alternative to occipital plate fixation.