bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID 19 Pandemic: Impact on Admission, Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Covid 19 Patients Admitted in SARI ICU
Authors: Ravindranath Sunil , Venkatesh Bhumika Tumkur , Bhatt Margiben Tusharibai , Puranik Amitha , Rao Shwethapriya , A Sumalatha
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHealthcare systems worldwide are overwhelmed in the treatment of ever-increasing number of COVID 19 patients which has affected the management of non COVID 19 patients as well. We tested the adherence to Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) definition laid down by The Government of India for triaging of suspected COVID 19 cases, and the impact of this strategy on the non covid patients admitted to SARI ICU as suspected cases of covid 19 disease.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to reflect the appropriateness and adherence of SARI definition in two tertiary care medical college hospitals in triaging COVID 19 suspect cases and assessed the challenges in admission, diagnosis and treatment of non COVID 19 diseases. The study involved 78 patients in two multidisciplinary units of medical college hospitals in the month of June – July 2020. Data related to demographics, severity of illness, advanced life supports required, delay in diagnosis, intervention and treatment of patients in SARI ICU due to suspect COVID 19 status was documented. ResultsAdherence to SARI definition for triaging COVID suspect cases was 19.2%. Respiratory symptoms amounted to 24% of presenting complaints. Despite hindrance in the diagnosis (17.9%) and treatment (12.8%), mortality among patients in SARI ICU was limited to 14.10%. The results were in-significant when checked for the various factors associated with mortality.ConclusionThe adherence to SARI definition while triaging COVID suspect cases to intensive care units was low among the clinicians. There were hindrances in the diagnosis and treatment of non COVID diseases due to COVID suspect status of the patient. However, treatment outcomes of these patients were comparable to critically ill population with similar disease severity scores suggesting that quality of care may not have been compromised despite the pandemic. Poor adherence to SARI definition while triaging might have led to economic implications on patients and healthcare systems but further studies are required to comment regarding the same.
When to start antibiotic therapy in patients with sepsis in the ICU?
Authors: Rudnov V. A. , Lekmanov A. U. , Bagin V. A. , Аstafieva M. N.
Published: November 2020

According to the recommendations of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC), antibiotics should be administered within 1 hour after the onset of sepsis, and the centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services prescribe their administration within 3 hours.

The objectiveof this publication is to analyze the literature data on the start time of ABT when a patient with sepsis is admitted to the ICU.

Results. Currently, basing on literature analysis, it is impossible to conclude about advantages of administering an antibiotic within an hour after the patient with sepsis is admitted to a medical unit. In the vast majority of cases, an antibiotic should be administered up to three hours of the early IT complex (bundle). The change in the time algorithm for drug administration is due to the heterogeneity of the clinical situation, the lack of the unified "scenario" of interaction between the infection and host, and the need for more detail diagnostics.

Conclusion. It is preferable to approach each case individually when deciding about the time to start ABT, considering the history, clinical and laboratory characteristics by the admission to the ICU. However, ABT should be started within 3 hours in any case.
Advanced approaches in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome using non-invasive respiratory support
Authors: Ryumin V. E. , Kinzhalova S. V. , Chistyakova G. N. , Remizova I. I. , Shakirova K. P.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes literature data on modern methods of non-invasive respiratory support for premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. The article describes positive and negative aspects of the contemporary methods and devices of non-invasive lung ventilation widely used as a starting method of respiratory therapy in obstetrics units of any level, including children with extremely and very low birth weight. The choice of the device and management tactics often depends on the facilities and financial situation of medical units as well as on the experience of medical professionals using specialized equipment.
The personalized telemedical system of Obereg for remote patient's monitoring
Authors: Eremenko A. A. , Rostunova N. V. , Budagyan S. A. , Kurnosov A. V.
Published: November 2020

The objective: to assess the potential use of the personalized telemedical system (PTS) of Obereg to ensure monitoring and constant medical control over the state of vital systems of the patient's body in the hospital, during transportation, and in out-of-hospital conditions.

Subjects and methods. The Obereg system was tested in leading Russian clinics through simultaneous measurement of vital activity parameters with other standard patient monitoring systems. Comparative evaluation criteria were the following: functionality, measurement accuracy in comparison with stationary systems, reliability of operation, the impact on the operation of PTS of other equipment in the intensive care unit and possible interference, user friendliness for personnel and patients, and verification of communication capabilities based on field experiments. Additional parameters of the system were also evaluated. The need for it by medical units of the Ministry of Health of Russia was estimated.

Results. The operability of the system has been confirmed in clinical conditions for patients of various profiles, including the most severe cases; it was found that the functionality of the system and accuracy of measurement met relevant requirements. It was estimated that the total demand for such systems in Russia might amount to 4,250,000 units.

Conclusion. The device can be used for individual and group monitoring in intensive care units, in in-patient settings after transfer from intensive care, during rehabilitation for remote monitoring at home, and during patients' transportation to monitor their condition in case of emergency.
Anesthetic aspects of the resection of hormone-active carotid chemodectomas: a clinical case and literature review
Authors: Kurbasov A. A. , Shmigelskiy A. V. , Аkhmedov A. D. , Lukshin V. A. , Usachev D. Yu.
Published: November 2020

The article describes a clinical case - the resection of the hormone- active tumor of the carotid glomus. The hormonal activity of the tumor was suspected based on data of the patient's history, (malignant arterial hypertension with sharp rises in arterial tension, episodes of the increased arterial tension during mechanical impact on the tumor) and hemodynamic parameters during surgery (heart rhythm disturbances after induction of anesthesia and pronounced hypertensive reactions when manipulating the tumor tissue). The article reviews publications on anesthetic support during the resection of hormone-active chemodectomas.

Detection of typical clinical signs such as hypertension, tachycardia, fever, headaches, etc. in the history of patients with chemodectoma may suggest hormonal activity of the tumor. Biochemical tests that determine the level of catecholamines and their breakdown products can confirm the diagnosis. When planning surgery, the anesthesiologist should be prepared for the development of the relevant complications. Hypertension, as the most frequent complication, should be prevented by preoperative adrenergic blockers and treated intraoperatively with short-acting antihypertensive drugs. After exclusion of the tumor from the bloodstream, it is necessary to prepare for the development of hypotension.
ANALYSIS OF PECULIARITIES OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES AND STRUCTURAL DAMAGES OF BRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Mushehian Marianna , Litovchenko Tetyana
Published: November 2020

The aim of the research: epilepsy on the background of ischemic stroke. Studied problem: improve of diagnosis of epilepsy on the background of ischemic stroke by establishing the clinical features of epileptic seizures and by detection of brain structural damages The main scientific results: a cross-sectional randomized cohort comparative study with retrospective and prospective stages was performed in 60 patients (men and women) with ischemic stroke aged 65 [57.0; 74.0] years, in 30 of which epileptic seizures were detected. The predominance of generalized single (66.7±38.5 %) variants was found in the structure of epileptic seizures in patients with acute cerebrovascular pathology. A higher frequency of generalized variants of seizures in patients over 60 years of age (maximum at 61–70 years, at descending – 71–80 years, over 80 years) has been revealed. The descending distribution of localization frequency of brain lesions (detected with MRI, CT) in patients with epileptic seizures after ischemic stroke is as follows: dilation of the subarachnoid space (93.3±24.1 %), dilation of the brain ventricles (83.3±34.0 %), subcortical ganglia (76.7±37.0 %), right hemisphere or temporal lobe (60.0±37.9 %), subcortex (56.7±37.3 %), frontal lobe (50.0±35.4 %), left hemisphere or diffuse-atrophic changes in the cortical region (43.3±32.6 %), temporal lobe (20.0±17.9 %), occipital lobe (16.7±15.2 %). The area of practical use of the research results: clinical medicine, especially neurology. Innovative technological product: methodology of diagnosis of epilepsy on the background of ischemic stroke. Scope of the innovative technological product: the evaluation of seizures and brain’s structural damages in patients with ischemic stroke with the development of epileptic seizures may be a means of improving the diagnosis of epilepsy on the background of cerebrovascular disease.
THE EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS OF CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY AND HIPEC USED IN ADVANCED OVARIAN CANCER
Authors: Bondar Oleksandr , Rybin Andriy
Published: November 2020

The research object was life quality of patients with ovarian cancer after complex treatment. Nowadays cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC is the mainstay of management of advanced stages ovarian cancer. Description of the problem: study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of combined treatment in IIIA-IIIC ovarian cancer, its impact on quality of life. Main scientific results: 37 patients of main group (CRS + HIPEC) were compared with 25 patients of control group (surgery + systemic chemotherapy). The quality of life was assessed with Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Comparative analysis of quality of life 6 months after treatment completion did not show significant statistical difference. Combination of cytoreduction with HIPEC improves quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer, is tolerated better and has less systemic toxicities than systemic chemotherapy. The area of practical use of research results: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is performed for patients suffering from malignant tumors of the abdominal cavity, including metastatic colon cancer, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, pseudomyxoma, mesothelioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and some other types of oncology. Innovative technological product: combination of cytoreduction with HIPEC improves quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer. Scope of application of an innovative technological product: HIPEC is an innovative treatment option for advanced cancer that has spread to the abdominal cavity (carcinomatosis) and has not gone beyond it.
CHANGES IN SOME PERIPHERAL BLOOD IMMUNE PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AMONG SERVICEMEN OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Schmidt Pavlo , Gulyuk Anatoliy
Published: November 2020

The object of research: the state of chronic periodontitis among servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine remains extremely urgent. Therefore a group of servicemen with chronic periodontitis and its complications was taken. In addition, a control group of servicemen was used to compare the results. Investigated problem: in this article, the diagnosis was considered due to the use of immunological studies of peripheral blood of sick servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with chronic periodontitis, as well as its complications. The study of the features of immunological parameters in peripheral blood was performed. The main scientific results: according to the obtained data, there is a relative suppression of immunity among servicemen with chronic periapical infection compared with servicemen of the control group. According to our data, the main lymphocyte subpopulation of peripheral blood are CD8 and CD4 / CD8; CD19+(B-lymphocytes) and CD3-HLA+; CD4 and CD4 / CD8, which reflect inflammatory processes in the body. These indicators are closely interrelated. The area of practical use of the research results: these results of research can be applied to students’ training at stomatology faculties, in stomatology practice, to research into the immunological status of patients with chronic periodontitis and its complications. Innovative technological product: it is the first time the study of the immunological status of peripheral blood during chronic periapical infections among servicemen has been performed. Scope of the innovative technological product: this study can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis in dental practice, as well as in the research to compare the results of the immunological state of peripheral blood.
Mobile Learning Support in Delivering Distance Education: Perception of Students of University of Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Douglas
Published: November 2020

This paper explored the perception of University of Cape Coast distance education students on the use of mobile technologies to facilitate interactions among students and tutors as a learning-support system. The paper aimed at establishing whether distance education students would accept to be taught using a blend of mobile technologies and biweekly direct face-to-face tutorials on weekends. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 300 students pursuing various Diploma, Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees by distance at University of Cape Coast using systematic sampling technique. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. It was found that scheduled face-to-face tutorial sessions of distance education in University of Cape Coast were not supportive enough to address students’ learning needs. Also, all the respondents possessed mobile devices and perceived blending of mobile learning in distance education as an avenue to enhance collaborative learning with faculty and colleagues. It was recommended that curriculum and instructional designers of distance education courses must consider incorporating mobile learning pedagogies in the distance courses and learning experiences to address students’ learning needs using mobile technologies.
An Investigation into Engagement Processes between Antenatal Providers and Users in Lundazi District – Zambia
Authors: Mambwe Patricia
Published: November 2020

Background: Strategies to engage pregnant women in their prenatal care, educating them and encourage hospital deliveries are important elements to consider in efforts aimed to improve quality Antenatal Care (ANC). Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative methods was conducted in Lundazi District, Zambia. Engagement processes between ANC providers and pregnant mothers during the provision of antenatal care were explored. Data was collected from sixty pregnant women who attended ANC clinic in five public health facilities. It was also collected from seventy-five ANC providers. Data were collected through focus group discussion with ANC users, observation during consultation and self-administered questionnaire from ANC providers. Results: This study observed that one to one individualized health education was not reinforced despite the health and gestational age of clients. Only thirty-seven percent of ANC providers explained their findings to the clients during physical examination. Clients were not counselled on blurred vision, severe headache, convulsions, fever and difficulties in breathing. This study further found that ANC providers could not explain the reason for referral submitting that Antenatal mothers would still not understand even if staff took the entire year explaining. However, eighty percent of the ANC users were encouraged to deliver from the health facility. Conclusion: Lack of engagement with ANC users indicates missed opportunities for delivering quality ANC Care. Reforcement of this component would improve the quality of care and improve maternal and fetal wellbeing.
The impact of the transformation of the justice system on ensuring the independence of judges, prosecutors, and investigators
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bochkarev Sergey A.
Published: November 2020

The article examines the transformation processes of the domestic justice system over the past thirty years. The influence of structurally applied modifications of the system on its intangible aspects (independence, internal conviction, freedom of assessment, etc.), contributing to the administration and achievement of justice, is evaluated. Particular attention is paid to the study of the impact of justice reforms on the independence of its institutions and representatives because without guarantees and a state of independence, justice loses its meaning and turns into its opposite. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that organizational and structural measures to ensure the independence of the main subjects of legal proceedings were not complex, individual, and local in nature. The restructuring of the investigating authorities and the prosecutor’s office in 2007–2019, as well as the modification of the judicial system, were aimed at minimizing interdepartmental and interinstitutional dependence. However, the transformations did not affect the aspect of ensuring intra-departmental and intra-institutional independence of their subjects. As a result, the administrative dependence of an ordinary employee of the justice system in regard to his immediate supervisor remained at the same level. An assessment of the shortcomings of the reform made it possible to predict that the structuring of the justice system in the short and medium term will not lead to increased independence of investigators, prosecutors, and judges as a key and expected result. Ultimately, it will be reflected in the fact that for a long time these representatives did not subordinate to the law, but conversely they were placed in a position controlled by higher management and taught to properly comply with requirements.
Consequences of failure to pay a court fine
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Skripchenko Nina Yu.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses issues that arose during enforcement of the new grounds for exemption from criminal responsibility, enshrined in 2016, in connection with a court fine (Article 76.2 of the Criminal Code). Despite the criticism of its legislative regulation, demand for a new way of ceasing criminal prosecution began to appear in connection with the non-payment of a fine. Having determined the voluntary execution of a court fine, the legislator did not settle the issue of the further execution of the fine in cases where there are valid reasons for non-payment. After analyzing the existing proposals to solve this problem, the author confirms that the elimination of the gap would be facilitated by the legislative obligation of the bailiff to establish the circumstances by which the judicial penalty is not paid, as well as the addition of the list of decisions made by the bailiff to suspend enforcement proceeding. Analysis of judicial practice showed that Art. 76.2 of the Criminal Code began to be applied in cases where the court has justification for implementing less onerous grounds for the defendant to be exempt from criminal liability. Legislative duplication of the conditions under which criminal prosecution can be terminated for various reasons calls into question the wide alternative of the latter, as well as the embodiment of the idea of humanizing criminal law, which is the basis for securing a new ground for exemption from criminal liability. The article substantiates the proposal to supplement the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court dated June 27, 2013 with a provision allowing the release of a person from criminal responsibility with a judicial fine in cases where the court has no basis for suspending criminal prosecution for unconditional types of exemption from criminal liability. The author draws attention to the gap in the legislation, part 3 of Article 78 of the Criminal Code, which is related to the renewal of the statute of limitations for criminal liability when an individual avoids paying a court fine.
Peran Terapi Regeneratif Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) pada Penanganan Osteoartritis Lutut
Authors:   Neurology Department Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village/ Faculty of Medicine Pelita Harapan University Indonesia, Siahaan Yusak Mangara Tua , Suryawijaya Nathasia ,   Neurology Department Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village/ Faculty of Medicine Pelita Harapan University Indonesia
Published: November 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) merupakan penyakit degeneratif sendi yang paling umum terjadi di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Angka kejadiannya mencapai 15.5% pada laki-laki dan 12.7% pada wanita. Walaupun OA dapat menyerang seluruh sendi, namun sendi lutut merupakan sendi yang paling sering terkena. Tingginya angka prevalensi OA disebabkan karena peningkatan angka harapan hidup dan prevalensi dari obesitas, yang memicu disabilitas kronik serta peningkatan beban sosial dan ekonomi pada negara berkembang. Penanganan OA lutut merupakan suatu tantangan karena sendi lutut memiliki kemampuan regeneratif dan pemulihan yang rendah. Terapi konservatif seperti asetaminofen, obat anti inflamasi non-steroid, dan opioid hanya efektif dalam menangani nyeri dan mengurangi inflamasi. Salah satu terapi regeneratif yang sedang berkembang dalam menangani OA lutut adalah injeksi platelet-rich plasma (PRP), dimana merupakan produk darah autolog dengan konsentrasi platelet, faktor pertumbuhan, dan sitokin yang tinggi. Penggunaan PRP dapat menjadi alternatif karena tidak hanya mengurangi inflamasi, namun memiliki kemampuan untuk memulai dan meregenerasi jaringan yang rusak. Namun, walau PRP dapat dipertimbangakan sebagai terapi yang aman untuk penanganan OA lutut, masih terdapat pro dan kontra terkait teknik yang digunakan serta variasi komposisi dari PRP yang digunakan. Artikel ini akan memaparkan informasi terkini mengenai mekanisme dan efektifitas dari PRP dalam penanganan OA lutut.
Manajemen Nyeri Akut Pasca-Kraniotomi
Authors:   Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Pratama Razi Ageng , Laksono Buyung Hartiyo ,   Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Fatoni Arie Zainul ,   Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia
Published: November 2020

Kraniotomi adalah sebuah prosedur operasi umum divisi bedah saraf yang melibatkan pembuatan lubang yang cukup pada tempurung kepala atau tengkorak (cranium) untuk akses optimal ke intrakranial. Nyeri pasca kraniotomi adalah komplikasi berulang dari prosedur bedah saraf dan sulit untuk dikelola. Manajemen nyeri akut sangat penting untuk menghindari terjadinya nyeri kronik serta komplikasi seperti hipertensi dan muntah, yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial maupun perdarahan intrakranial, outcome pasien yang tidak baik, dan perpanjangan masa rawat inap. Pemilihan obat dalam manajemen nyeri akut pasien pasca kraniotomi merupakan hal yang sangat penting dikarenakan dapat menentukan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien.
Partnering With Massage Therapists to Communicate Information on Reducing the Risk of Skin Cancer Among Clients: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Loescher Lois , Heslin Kelly , Silva Graciela , Muramoto Myra
Published: November 2020

Background

Skin cancer affects millions of Americans and is an important focus of disease prevention efforts. Partnering with non–health care practitioners such as massage therapists (MTs) can reduce the risk of skin cancer. MTs see clients’ skin on a regular basis, which can allow MTs to initiate “helping conversations” (ie, brief behavioral interventions aimed at reducing the risk of skin cancer).

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate (1) the feasibility of recruiting, enrolling, and retaining Arizona MTs in an online electronic training (e-training) and (2) the preliminary efficacy of e-training on knowledge, attitudes/beliefs, and practice of risk reduction for skin cancer. We explored MTs’ ability to assess suspicious skin lesions.

Methods

We adapted the existing educational content on skin cancer for applicability to MTs and strategies from previous research on helping conversations. We assessed the feasibility of providing such e-training, using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tools for data capture. We assessed the preliminary efficacy using established self-report surveys at baseline, immediately post training, and at 3 and 6 months post training.

Results

A total of 95 participants enrolled in the study, of which 77% (73/95) completed the assessments at 6 months (overall attrition=23%). Project satisfaction and e-training acceptability were high. Knowledge, personal behaviors (skin self-examination, clinical skin examination, sun protection frequency), and practice attitudes (appropriateness and comfort with client-focused communication) of risk reduction for skin cancer improved significantly and were sustained throughout the study.

Conclusions

The e-training was feasible and could be delivered online successfully to MTs. Participants were highly satisfied with and accepting of the e-training. As such, e-training has potential as an intervention in larger trials with MTs for reducing the risk of skin cancer.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/13480
Computing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk From Symptoms, Imaging, and Test Data: Diagnostic Model Development
Authors: D'Ambrosia Christopher , Christensen Henrik , Aronoff-Spencer Eliah
Published: November 2020

Background

Assigning meaningful probabilities of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk presents a diagnostic challenge across the continuum of care.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop and clinically validate an adaptable, personalized diagnostic model to assist clinicians in ruling in and ruling out COVID-19 in potential patients. We compared the diagnostic performance of probabilistic, graphical, and machine learning models against a previously published benchmark model.

Methods

We integrated patient symptoms and test data using machine learning and Bayesian inference to quantify individual patient risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We trained models with 100,000 simulated patient profiles based on 13 symptoms and estimated local prevalence, imaging, and molecular diagnostic performance from published reports. We tested these models with consecutive patients who presented with a COVID-19–compatible illness at the University of California San Diego Medical Center over the course of 14 days starting in March 2020.

Results

We included 55 consecutive patients with fever (n=43, 78%) or cough (n=42, 77%) presenting for ambulatory (n=11, 20%) or hospital care (n=44, 80%). In total, 51% (n=28) were female and 49% (n=27) were aged <60 years. Common comorbidities included diabetes (n=12, 22%), hypertension (n=15, 27%), cancer (n=9, 16%), and cardiovascular disease (n=7, 13%). Of these, 69% (n=38) were confirmed via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 20% (n=11) had repeated negative nucleic acid testing and an alternate diagnosis. Bayesian inference network, distance metric learning, and ensemble models discriminated between patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and alternate diagnoses with sensitivities of 81.6%-84.2%, specificities of 58.8%-70.6%, and accuracies of 61.4%-71.8%. After integrating imaging and laboratory test statistics with the predictions of the Bayesian inference network, changes in diagnostic uncertainty at each step in the simulated clinical evaluation process were highly sensitive to location, symptom, and diagnostic test choices.

Conclusions

Decision support models that incorporate symptoms and available test results can help providers diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection in real-world settings.
A Pressure Sores Assessment System for Diagnosis and Decision Making: The Application of Convolutional Neuron Networks (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Tom J. , Chu Yuan-Chia , Mesakh Christian , Chen Yu-Chun , Chang Che-Wei , Tai Hao-Chih , Lai Feipei
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Pressure sores are a common problem in hospital care and long-term care. Pressure sores are caused by prolonged compression of soft tissues, which can cause local tissue damage and even lead to serious infections. Pressure sores can result in poor prognosis, long-term hospitalization, and increased medical costs, which are especially problematic in an aging society.

OBJECTIVE

This study uses deep learning to diagnose pressure sores and assist in making treatment decisions, thus providing additional reference for first-line caregivers.

METHODS

We utilized retrospective research of medical records to find photos of patients with pressure sores at National Taiwan University Hospital from 2016 to 2019. We removed the photos which were vague, underexposed, or overexposed, and then labeled the remaining photos as “infected” or “uninfected” and “extensive necrosis”, “moderate necrosis” or “limited necrosis”. Supervised machine learning was then used, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) were applied for deep learning to construct a diagnostic model. Finally, we tested the constructed model with these photos to verify its accuracy.

RESULTS

For the task of classification of infected and non-infected wounds, our CNN model achieved an accuracy of about 98%. For the task of classification of necrotic tissues, our model achieved accuracy of about 94%.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with traditional algorithms, our deep learning model achieved higher accuracy, making it applicable in clinical circumstances.
Presentation, Treatment, and Natural Course of Severe Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections Measured by a Smartphone App: Observational and Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Vellinga Akke , Farrell Karen , Fallon Roisin , Hare Daniel , Sutton-Fitzpatrick Una , Cormican Martin
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common conditions in women. Current information on the presentation, management, and natural course of the infection is based on paper diaries filled out and subsequently posted by patients.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of a smartphone app to assess the natural course and management of UTIs.

METHODS

A smartphone app was developed to collect data from study participants presenting with symptoms of UTI in general practice. After initial demographic and treatment information, symptom severity was recorded by the patient after a reminder on their smartphone, which occurred twice daily for a period of 7 days or until symptom resolution.

RESULTS

A total of 181 women aged 18-76 years downloaded the smartphone app. The duration of symptoms was determined from the results of 178 participants. All patients submitted a urine sample, most patients were prescribed an antibiotic (163/181, 90.1%), and 38.7% (70/181) of the patients had a positive culture. Moderately bad or worse symptoms lasted a mean of 3.8 (SD 3.2; median 4) days, and 70.2% (125/178) of the patients indicated that they were cured on day 4 after consultation. This compares with other research assessing symptom duration and management of UTIs using paper diaries. Patients were very positive about the usability of the smartphone app and often found the reminders supportive. On the basis of the feedback and the analysis of the data, some suggestions for improvement were made.

CONCLUSIONS

Smartphone diaries for symptom scores over the course of infections are an efficient and acceptable means of collecting data in research.
Digital Health Integration Assessment and Maturity of the United States Biopharmaceutical Industry: Forces Driving the Next Generation of Connected Autoinjectable Devices (Preprint)
Authors: Rafiei Ramin , Williams Chelsea , Jiang Jeannette , Aungst Timothy Dy , Durrer Matthias , Tran Dao , Howald Ralph
Published: November 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Autoinjectable devices continue to provide real-life benefits for patients with chronic conditions since their widespread adoption 30 years ago with the rise of macromolecules. Nonetheless, issues surrounding adherence, patient administration techniques, disease self-management, and data outcomes at scale persist despite product design innovation. The interface of drug device combination products and digital health technologies formulates a value proposition for next-generation autoinjectable devices to power the delivery of precision care at home and achieve the full potential of biologics. Success will largely be dependent on biopharma’s digital health maturity to implement this framework. This viewpoint measures the digital health maturity of the top 15 biopharmaceutical companies in the US biologics autoinjector market and establishes the framework for next-generation autoinjectable devices powering home-based precision care and the need for formal digital health training.
Social media and supply chain risk management: improving risk detection and supply chain resilience
Authors: Cox Scott R , Atkinson J Kirk
Published: November 2020

The introduction of social media has changed the methods by which many individuals, communities, and organizations communicate and interact. The increasing popularity of social media within a business context has forced executives to rethink how they operate their businesses. Chae (2015) observed that the field of supply chain management (SCM) has been lagging in identifying the potential role and use of social media in both research and practice. Recently, greater attention is being given to social media and its potential uses within the supply chain. This paper investigates the potential use for social media as a technology to help with supply chain risk detection and supply chain resilience.
Playing Pool with |ψ⟩: from Bouncing Billiards to Quantum Search
Authors: Brown Adam R.
Published: November 2020

In ``Playing Pool with π'' \cite{Galperin}, Galperin invented an extraordinary method to learn the digits of π by counting the collisions of billiard balls. Here I demonstrate an exact isomorphism between Galperin's bouncing billiards and Grover's algorithm for quantum search. This provides an illuminating way to visualize Grover's algorithm.
THE PROBLEMS OF COMPUTATION OF COMBINED PLATES WITH PIECEWISE VARIABLE THICKNESS. SOLUTIONS IN ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS
Authors: Koreneva Elena , Grosman Valery
Published: November 2020

The work is devoted to the analytical simulation of the combined plates calculation. The mentioned plates have the circular form and they consist of separate parts with differentlaws of thickness variation. These sections may be made from the same or from differentmaterials. The material can be homogeneous or nonhomogeneous, isotropic or anisotropic. In the places of the separate sections conjugation the construction’s thickness can be continuous or discontinuous. The construction under study is subjected to an action of bending loads. Below the analytical method for the similar constructions’ computation is suggested. This method is based on the use of the theory of the special functions, in particular, Lagerr’s orthogonal polynomials.
Jamaah Tabligh Cot Goh: Historis, Aktivitas dan Respon Masyarakat
Authors: Husda Husaini
Published: November 2020

This paper explores the basic matters related to the reason Tabligh Jamaah chose Cot Goh Mosque asa center of activity in Aceh; history and activities of Jamaah Tablihg in Cot Goh and the community’s response inthis region to the existence of Jamaah Tabligh in Cot Goh. This paper is the result of research using qualitativeapproach through naturalistic method. The data were collected by observation, interview and decumentationanalysis. Based on existing data, Jamaah Tabligh as an Islamic reform movement that chose the path of culturaldakwah originating from Mehwat North India has managed to spread to all corners of the world. To Indonesia,this movement has also managed to get into all corners of the country. This movement in Aceh is centered in CotGoh Mosque which is located in Gampong Lamme Garot Sub Montasik Aceh Besar. The choosing of this placeis caused by the central figure of Jamaah Tabligh Ustad Razi bin Raden Sulaiman is from this region, making iteasier for the organization to build communication with the surrounding community. Jamaah Tabligh is doinga variety of religious activities are very positive with various activities of dakwah, memakumrkan mosque, re-membrance and prayer, giving pronunciation salam, civilize the language of religion in every activity. The com-munity response around Cot Goh to Jamaah Tabligh is very positive by supporting and following all the activities.
Pergeseran Budaya Masyarakat Perlak Asan: Studi Kasus tentang Pakaian Adat
Authors: AS Nasruddin
Published: November 2020

The shift of traditional clothing in society is very common to happen because of an attempt to adapt with new need. The happening of shift in traditional clothing of marriage in Perlak Asan village, Sakti Sub-dis- trict, Pidie Regency focus more on the clothes during religious rite and cultural rite of marriage. This research is using qualitative method which is observation, interview and documentation. The result of research show that traditional clothing for marriage is changing from traditional into modern. But the shift is about the mod- ernization of the clothes which show the process of social culture transformation as the urge of society to be up to date with global world. Traditional clothing that is being used consists of values or messages that want to be delivered by the brides. Traditional clothing for example is Acehnese clothing, Seloyor. And modification of modern clothing is Acehnese clothing Duyung, Indian wedding dress, Barbie dress, Kebaya gown and Kebaya robe.
TRADISI PENAN JEB DI KAMPUNG AKUL KECAMATAN BLANG JERANGO KABUPATEN GAYO LUES
Authors: K Jumiati , Ismail Fauzi , Ikhwan Ikhwan
Published: November 2020

Penan Jeb tradition is a unique tradition of Gayo Lues people, this tradition is commonly held along together with others religious ritual such as Eid Al Adha, mauled (birth of the prophet) and aqiqah (ritual of new-born), as a tradition that has been regulated from generation to generation, Penan Jeb has developed new form and pattern along the way, for instance the declining of ritual held in every household and the adding of modern snack to its menu which normally consist of traditional cookies, this study aimed to find an answer to some questions of historical background of Penan Jeb tradition, the processing of ritual Penan Jeb, its development and its significance meanings, this study uses qualitative method of  analytical description, the results of study show that the reason behind the declining of Penan Jeb proceeding is due to practical factor, before, Penan Jeb was held in every household, now people prepare the food and cookies and bring it to the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) to be held in one centralized place.
Entrevista com Nilmário Miranda
Authors: De Hollanda Cristina Buarque
Published: November 2020

Nilmário Miranda Nilmário Miranda foi preso político da ditadura. Solto em 1976, seguiu seu ativismo por vias legais. Fundou e dirigiu o Jornal dos Bairros, que circulou na periferia de Belo Horizonte. Na transição para a democracia, envolveu-se de perto na criação do Partido dos Trabalhadores em Minas Gerais e nele começou uma longa e fértil estrada nos ambientes da política formal. É um nome incontornável para contar a história institucional dos Direitos Humanos no Brasil. Foi deputado estadual (1987-1991) e federal (1991-1995; 1995-1999; 1999-2003; 2011-2015; 2015-2019) pelo Partidos dos Trabalhadores, (PT), foi Secretário de Direitos Humanos do primeiro governo Lula (2003-2005) e integrante da Comissão de Anistia, do Ministério da Justiça. Jornalista, é também autor de livros que abordam os Direitos Humanos de diferentes perspectivas.
Entrevista com Leonilde Servolo de Medeiros
Authors: De Hollanda Cristina Buarque
Published: November 2020

Leonilde Medeiros Professora do Programa de Pós-graduação de Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultu[1]ra e Sociedade da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (CPDA/UFRRJ) e pesquisadora do CNPq. Foi membro da Comissão Camponesa da Verdade e coordenadora de projeto Conflitos e repressão no campo no Estado do Rio de Janeiro financiado pela FAPERJ em colaboração com a Comissão da Verdade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Entrevista com César Guimarães
Authors: De Aguiar Thais Florêncio
Published: November 2020

Desafios da conjuntura e armas da teoria política: golpe, democracia e fascismo Realizada em agosto deste ano, esta entrevista de Cesar Guimarães se converteu em um depoimento reflexivo sobre democracia, golpe de estado e fascismo. Lançando mão dos recursos da teoria política, Cesar lembra os momentos em que os golpes à democracia instauraram o fascismo por vias liberais, sentenciando: “a política não pode mais se nutrir de nada parecido com o liberalismo. Nada”. Tendo como mote o golpe-impeachment de 2016, Cesar questiona o lugar do institucionalismo no pensamento político, evidenciando os mecanismos da relação entre golpe de estado e legalidade e, ainda, golpe de estado e governo representativo. Um dos fundadores do antigo Iuperj, Cesar Guimarães é mestre de gerações de cientistas sociais atuantes hoje no país. Esta entrevista-depoimento integra o livro, ainda no prelo, “Cesar Guimarães, uma antologia de textos políticos”, organizado por Thais Florêncio de Aguiar, Cristina Buarque de Hollanda e Pedro Villas Bôas Castelo Branco (IESP/UERJ). É preciso assinalar que a ironia, característica expressiva de Cesar Guimarães, se faz muito presente neste depoimento. Como o leitor pode notar, ela exerce espécie de função socrática, questionando ideias estabelecidas e provocando o senso crítico do leitor
A trajetória de uma noção polêmica: análise crítica do populismo na teoria política de Ernesto Laclau.
Authors: Linden Felipe
Published: November 2020

O vocábulo populismo é confuso por causa de sua polissemia – assim como o conceito de “povo” do qual deriva; não obstante, os embates teóricos e políticos em torno do populismo são fatores agravantes desta dificuldade: trata-se, pois, de uma noção polêmica. Nesse sentido, traçar uma genealogia do conceito através de contextos e temporalidades parece-nos útil para se repensar o populismo, que se tornou uma passagem obrigatória da reflexão política contemporânea mesmo sem um acordo a minima sobre a sua definição. Em seguida faremos uma análise crítica da teoria formal do populismo proposta pelo filósofo argentino Ernesto Laclau (1935-2014). Apesar dele renovar a compreensão sobre o tema, ressignificando um termo que se tornou essencialmente negativo, pretendemos demonstrar que o seu modelo comporta um suposto déficit ou limite normativo.
O populismo na perspectiva de Ernesto Laclau: uma alternativa para a esquerda?
Authors: Do Nascimento Kamila Lima
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivos: 1) apresentar o conceito de populismo construído pelo teórico político argentino Ernesto Laclau; 2) analisar criticamente a defesa da aplicação, na prática, do populismo no campo político. A importante contribuição do autor constitui-se um grande avanço para a compreensão do fenômeno do populismo como uma lógica política dotada de racionalidade própria. Em contraste com a literatura tradicional, ele oferece uma visão afastada de preconceitos e interpreta o populismo como um modo de construção do povo, tal como qualquer outro. Ele não carrega qualquer conteúdo específico, seja de direita ou de esquerda, bom ou ruim, como tradicionalmente se acreditou. Não obstante, concordando com a construção teórica do autor, fomos levados a questionar sobre a desejabilidade do populismo no campo político considerando a sua natureza, baseada, especificamente, na construção hegemônica de um povo contra o poder. Nossa hipótese era de que a lógica populista é incompatível com a democracia. Isto porque, em vez de levar em conta o todo da comunidade, ele provoca uma divisão antagônica radical no social. Assim, não nos ocupamos em demonstrar que o trabalho de Laclau é um erro e que devemos voltar à visão tradicional, mas analisar se a lógica política populista deveria ser acolhida pela esquerda política considerando seu possível prejuízo à democracia.
O Populismo para além de Laclau: entre a expansão do demos e a desfiguração do liberalismo
Authors: Goulart Mayra
Published: November 2020

O objeto deste artigo é o conceito laclauniano de populismo. Após apresentar uma breve historiografia de suas múltiplas manifestações no contexto latino-americano, será delineado um argumento que vincula sua polissemia à natureza polimorfa de seu principal elemento: a ideia de povo (demos) e sua capacidade de designar, ao mesmo tempo, o todo e uma de suas partes (a plebe). Em seguida, a partir da demonstração desta hipótese, que reivindica uma conexão histórica e axiológica entre populismo e defesa dos subalternos, almejo avançar em uma reformulação da categoria. Deste modo, ao incorporar a ideia de expansão do demos como parte do núcleo semântico do conceito, espero reduzir seu grau de indeterminação e, por conseguinte, o espectro de fenômenos passíveis de serem por ele tipificados – vetando, por exemplo, sua aplicabilidade a discursos de natureza conservadora e/ou neoliberal. Esta proposta, todavia, não visa oferecer à categoria uma conotação inteiramente positiva, associada ao avanço da democracia, contemplando também componentes personalistas, majoritários e plebiscitários que indicam sua falta de afinidade com os princípios básicos do governo representativo. Com isso, o populismo torna-se um marcador das tensões entre liberalismo e democracia.
Um Debate Sobre o Fenômeno do Populismo na Europa Central Pós 1989
Authors: Barbosa Flavio Rodriguês
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo é fruto de nossas pesquisas em política comparada entre jovens democracias latino-americanas e centro-europeias pós 1989. Neste espaço, abordamos alguns dos autores mais influentes no debate sobre o populismo na Europa Central. Como estudo de campo e de caso, analisamos o último e mais bem-sucedido novato partido político da República Tcheca, o ANO2011 (SIM2011), classificado como um fenômeno do populismo no país, buscando, assim, encontrar as características atribuídas ao populismo em seu estatuto, programa político e discursos públicos. Passamos, então, ao confronto entre as abordagens que caracterizam o populismo na Europa Central, juntamente com os dados fornecidos pela nossa pesquisa. Como resultado, rejeitamos, até o presente momento a ocorrência do populismo na região central da Europa, argumentando que o que está em curso se trata de uma reação de novos grupos de centro-direita descontentes com as elites herdeiras de 1989.