bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensiones Psicosociales Afectadas por Dolor Crónico en Pacientes de una Unidad de Primer Nivel de Atención
Authors: Rodriguez Garcia Israel , Martínez Arellanes Patricia del Carmen , Reyes Pintor Arlette Juliette , Martínez Cerón Angel , Hurtado Luna Claudia Angel
Published: February 2025

Antecedentes: El dolor es una experiencia sensorial y emocional desagradable, asociada a una lesión real o potencial. El deterioro progresivo del sistema musculo esquelético en la vida puede afectar las actividades psicosociales y el uso de terceras personas. La artrosis es la enfermedad con más prevalencia a nivel mundial en adultos mayores de 65 años, más del 80 % en países industrializados. La fibromialgia afecta a 2,40% en la población mundial, 2,31% de la europea y 2,40% en la población americana. La artritis reumática es una enfermedad autoinmune inflamatoria crónica frecuente y afecta alrededor del 0.8 por ciento de la población adulta. Objetivo: El objetivo en la presente investigación fue evaluar con el instrumento WYMPHI  365 adultos de 30 a 65 años, con diagnóstico de dolor crónico asociado a enfermedades osteomusculares que afectan sus actividades  psicosociales de la vida. Resultados: se obtuvo una prevalencia estimada de las enfermedades osteomusculares del 14.67%. La intensidad del dolor y la dimensión apoyo social no mostró afectación, y la dimensión apoyo social tiene mayor afectación con Artritis reumatoide en contraste con fibromialgia.
Asociación Pólipo Ade nomatoso Tubular Sesil con Helicobacter Pylori y Giardiasis en un Paciente con Trastorno de ansiead. Reporte de Caso y Revisión de Literatura
Authors: Barrera López Diana Yuridia , Tino Parra Israel Armando , Ruiz Hernández Carolina , García Calderón Carol Odemaris , Cabrera Chamú Eduardo Salvador , Fernández Martínez Sergio Carlos
Published: February 2025

Los pólipos gastrointestinales son un grupo de lesiones luminales que protruyen de la musa, de las cuales pueden ser de carácter neoplasicas o benigna. La mayoria de los pólipos tienen caracterirticas especificas ya sea apariencia endoscopica, tamaño , procesos autoinmunes, trastoenos funcionales digestivos, factores hereditarios y patologias asociadas como procesos infecciosos por patogenos. La clasificacion es diversa la cual esta dada por el comportamiento epitelial del que derivan. Por lo general se descubren aproximadamnete el 6% de las esofagogastroduodenoscopias, clinicanete la matoria de los apcientes se encuentran asintomaticos. La infeccion por Helicobacter pylori se encuentra aproximadamnete en mas de la mitad de la poblacion mundial facilotando la colonizacion de otras infecciones gastricas al aumnetar el pH del estomago, entre ellas la giardiasis. Se a encontrado una asociacion clinica en el hayazgo de polipos gastricos y este tipo de patogenos. El uso de la endoscopia alta diagnoctica nos ha facilitado una mayor deteccion de pólipos gástricos y duodenales.
Reparación quirúrgica de una anomalía total del retorno venoso en un lactante menor: Reporte de caso
Authors: Vera Zambrano Christian , Ollos Méndez Jessica Jessenia , Camacho Castillo Katerin Paola , Hernández Duarte Mercedes Crisanta , Cedeño Saldarriaga Mery Elizabeth , Argote Veliz Gellibert Alexandra
Published: February 2025

La conexión venosa pulmonar anómala total (CATVP) es una cardiopatía compleja cianozante poco frecuente, de la cual tenemos 4 subtipos según su ubicación anatómica, su espectro de presentación clínica es variado desde ser asintomático hasta cianosis con hipertensión pulmonar severa. Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 30 días con conexión venosa pulmonar anómala total (CATVP), una cardiopatía congénita compleja que requiere intervención quirúrgica urgente. El objetivo del estudio es describir la reparación quirúrgica de la CATVP y evaluar los resultados postoperatorios. Se realizó una esternotomía media con circulación extracorpórea, llevando a cabo la anastomosis entre el confluente venoso pulmonar y la aurícula izquierda. Aunque la paciente experimentó complicaciones postquirúrgicas, incluyendo infecciones tratadas con antibióticos, fue dada de alta. Este caso resalta la necesidad de un manejo multidisciplinario y la importancia de la intervención temprana, aunque se requiere más investigación para comprender la incidencia y el manejo de esta condición rara.
Overlap Syndrome Presents Distinct Clinical Features in a Large Cohort of Brazilian Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Retrospective Analysis.
Authors: Gama Cipriano R. , Franco Andre S. , Bortoluzzo Adriana B. , Miossi Renata , Medeiros-Ribeiro Ana Cristina , Assad Ana Paula Luppino , Sampaio-Barros Percival D.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) often presents alongside other connective tissue disorders, termed "overlap syndrome." This study aimed to characterize SSc patients with overlap syndrome compared to those without it in a tertiary university hospital in Brazil.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 787 SSc patients was performed using electronic medical records. Patients were classified based on the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria for SSc and additional criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), Sjogren syndrome (SjD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Statistical analysis, including univariate and multivariate methods, identified factors associated with overlap syndrome.

Results

Ninety-one patients (11.6%) had overlap syndrome, mainly with SLE (29.7%), SjD (26.4%), RA (24.2%), or IIM (19.8%). Patients with overlap syndrome were younger, with an earlier age at onset (P=0.004) and at diagnosis (P=0.003). They presented a higher prevalence of limited SSc (trend;P=0.056), musculoskeletal symptoms (P<0.001), neoplasias (P=0.027), and sicca symptoms (P<0.001), associated with a lower frequency of pulmonary hypertension (P=0.048) and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (P=0.016) and dyslipidemia (P=0.019). A higher prevalence of anti-Ro (P=0.007) and a lower prevalence of anti-Scl70 antibodies (P=0.007) were also observed. Regarding medications, patients with overlap were more frequently prescribed prednisone (P<0.001), methotrexate (P=0.001) and leflunomide (P=0.012). Multivariate analysis identified limited SSc(OR=3.1), neoplasia(OR=3.4), and use of prednisone(OR=8.2) and leflunomide(OR=5.5) with overlap syndrome. No worse prognosis was observed.

Conclusion

Overall, Brazilian SSc patients with overlap syndrome have distinct clinical characteristics, but do not have a worse prognosis when compared to those without overlap syndrome.
Improving Systemic Sclerosis Quality of Care
Authors: Aboabat Aos , Aboulenain Samar , Jazayeri Hila , Ahmad Zareen , Soowamber Medha , Morris Dalage , Johnson Sindhu R.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-systemic autoimmune disease with high morbidity and healthcare costs. Inconsistent quality care delivery, including inadequate screening and monitoring, necessitates improvement. This study aimed to enhance the uptake of validated quality indicators (QIs) for SSc.

Methods

An interrupted time series study was conducted at 4 scleroderma clinics across 2 hospitals using the Model for Improvement methodology, employing Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. A retrospective chart review assessed baseline frequencies of selected QIs. The primary aim was to increase rates of seven baseline and five follow-up QIs to 80%. Root-cause analysis identified barriers to QI uptake, leading to interventions including provider education, equipment procurement, and care standardization with reminder systems. Real-time data tracking was facilitated via run charts.

Results

The average completion rate of baseline QIs increased from 48% to 83% over eight months, with sustained improvements post-PDSA cycle 3. Monitoring and treatment QI completion improved from 41% to 77%. Process measures saw increases: baseline spirometry and DLCO rates improved from 63.5% to 92%, documented weekly BP self-measurement counseling increased from 18.8% to 86.6%, referrals to hand motion exercise programs rose from 53.6% to 92%, baseline CK measurement rates increased from 52.1% to 88%, and oxygen saturation documentation rose from 31.1% to 65%. Stakeholders reported high satisfaction (median rating of 4) with minimal additional time per patient (median 2.5 minutes).

Conclusion

This QI study significantly improved SSc care through low-cost, applicable interventions, setting a precedent for future work on long-term sustainability and broader application in chronic disease management.
Degenerative Disc Disease In Young Adults With Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Kharouf Fadi , Gao Shangyi , Pereira Daniel , Cook Richard J. , Chandran Vinod , Gladman Dafna D.
Published: February 2025

Objective

We aimed to explore the prevalence of degenerative disc disease (DDD) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients younger than 50 and describe the factors associated with its development. We also examined the association between radiographic axial imaging findings and inflammatory back pain (IBP) and mechanical back pain (MBP).

Methods

We included patients with PsA under age 50 who were followed at our prospective observational cohort. We defined DDD as intervertebral disc space narrowing, spur formation, facet joint arthrosis, and spondylolisthesis on anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs of the cervical and thoracolumbar spine. To identify factors associated with the development of DDD, we used multivariate Cox regression analysis. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to test the association between imaging findings (isolated DDD, isolated axial disease, and mixed features) and the type of back pain.

Results

Of 814 patients included in the study, 316 (38.8%) were observed to have DDD on plain radiographs of the spine. Factors associated with the development of DDD included older age (HR 1.08, p<0.01), male sex (HR 1.52, p=0.03), diabetes mellitus (HR 2.35, p=0.045), and IBP (HR 2.03, p<0.01). Being employed (vs. unemployed), higher BMI, calcaneal spurs, and targeted DMARD use showed a trending association with DDD. In the GEE analysis, none of the abnormal imaging findings were significantly associated with back pain or IBP.

Conclusion

DDD is common in young PsA patients, and its development may be associated with demographic features, comorbidities, and disease-related factors. IBP does not reliably distinguish between axial PsA and DDD.
A Word from the Editors
Authors: Snoj Marko , Greenberg Marc L.
Published: February 2025

Introductory essay on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of publication of the journal Slovenski jezik/Slovene Linguistic Studies.
The Prehistory and Areal Distribution of Slavic *gъlčěti ‘Speak’
Authors: Schallert Joseph , Greenberg Marc L.
Published: February 2025

The paper examines in some detail the diatopic distribution and semantic development of *gъlčěti in South Slavic, i.e., the Slavic dialect areas settled by migration, and raises the question of the nature of the relationship among those dialects that have developed *gъlčěti as the primary neutral verb meaning ‘speak’ both in its South Slavic and broader Slavic contexts. Special attention is given to Bulgarian and Eastern Slovene dialects, which share this development.
The Neocircumflex in Western South Slavic
Authors: Langston Keith
Published: February 2025

The neocircumflex has most often been described as being phonologically conditioned and is usually understood to represent lengthening in compensation for the loss of an internal weak jer or the shortening of an original long vowel in the following syllable. This article examines evidence that calls this explanation into question and argues that the neocircumflex does not represent compensatory lengthening, but should be attributed to a combination of morphological and phonological factors.
Perceptual Dialectology and the Future of Slovene Dialects
Authors: Lundberg Grant H.
Published: February 2025

This paper is a description and analysis of a survey designed to ask questions about dialect usage and attitudes in Slovenia. The questionnaire was administered during November of 2005 at the University of Ljubljana and the University of Maribor. Overall, the survey of university students depicts a situation that is positive for dialect maintenance, but there is significant variation in some dialect regions.
K metodologiji dialektologije jezikovnih družin: sklepanje o obstoju narečnega areala
Authors: Klemenčič Simona
Published: February 2025

V članku avtorica analizira postopke, ki privedejo do sklepa, da je v predhistoričnem času obstajal neki narečni areal, torej jezikovna povezava med dvema ali več prasorodnimi jeziki na znanem ali neznanem zemljepisnem področju. Na primeru hipotetičnega antičnobalkansko-baltsko-slovanskega narečnega areala z aplikacijo teorije argumentacije izlušči tipične napake pri sklepanju.
Slovene Ultra-Formal Address: Borrowing, Innovation, and Analysis
Authors: Reindl Donald F.
Published: February 2025

Slovene has a system of address that differs from the basic binary address system of many European languages by grammatically distinguishing up to four levels of formality (informal, semiformal, formal, and ultra-formal). Until recently, ultra-formal address was regularly used in direct as well as indirect address (i.e., reference to absent persons). Although the grammatical characteristics of Slovene ultra-formal address (3rd plural) appear to have been the result of contact with German, the Slovene application of this form to indirect address appears to have been an independent innovation. Anton Tomaž Linhart’s play Županova Micka is analyzed in order to explore and illustrate the interaction of these various address forms. Similar studies of ultra-formal address in other languages (e.g., Czech and Slovak) could shed light on a phenomenon that has been attested in multiple Slavic languages.
Slovenski terminološki sistemi na primeru pravne terminologije
Authors: Fajfar Tanja
Published: February 2025

Članek je razdeljen na tri dele: v prvem je predstavljen projekt priprave slovenske različice pravnih aktov Evropskih skupnosti, drugi se osredotoča na slovensko pravno terminologijo, v tretjem pa je navedenih nekaj primerov, ki ponazarjajo, kako se je slovenska pravna terminologija odzvala na poimenovanje pojmov iz pojmovnega sveta pravnega reda Evropskih skupnosti (acquis communautaire). Ta je nacionalnim pravnim redom držav članic nadrejen ter terja enotno interpretacijo in uporabo, kar omogočajo le natančni in nedvoumni termini kot poimenovanja, izhajajoča iz razumevanja pojma v izvornem pojmovnem sistemu.
Slovenian Clitic Pronouns and What is so Special about Them
Authors: Dvořák Boštjan
Published: February 2025

Whereas within the vast majority of languages with any difference between the strong and weak pronouns (like in the southern Slavic) as to their use and occurrence, clitic pronouns show a rather regular behaviour according to syntactic rules and phonological dependencies, the situation in Slovenian may be considered as extremely different in that they not only do not necessarily follow the respective clitic properties, but even clearly contradict them.
Grammatical Forms of Text-Organising Metatext
Authors: Pisanski Peterlin Agnes
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of a Slovene-English contrastive analysis of grammatical forms found in two metatext categories: previews and reviews. A corpus of research articles (RAs) is used in the analysis. The main differences that emerge are in the use of the future and present tense in previews and in the use of past tenses and abbreviated clauses in reviews.
Relative and Pseudo-Relative Clauses in Slovene
Authors: Subhalaxmi Chidambaram Vrinda
Published: February 2025

The author explores the various types of relative clauses in Slovene, focusing on a construction that has traditionally been assumed to be a special type of relative clause in which there seems to be a mismatch between the number feature of the clitic pronoun and that of the relative head, e.g., Najboljši iskalec si, [RC kar smo jih imeli.]1 best-Nom.sg.masc. seeker-Nom.sg.masc. BE-2nd. sg.pres. that BE-1st.pl.pres. 3rd.pl.acc.pron have-L-participle ‘You are the best seeker that we have had (them).’ The paper illustrates how contemporary generative syntax can handle the problem of this feature mismatch, giving two possible solutions.
Change Monitoring and Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover for the Municipality of Ouessè in Benin by the Modules for Land Use Change Evaluation Plugin
Authors: N'Danikou Kuassi Alawénon , Wédjangnon Adigla Appolinaire , Hounton Charles Coômlan , Ouinsavi Christine Ajokè Ifètayo Nougbodé
Published: February 2025

Assessing land use and land cover (LULC) changes is crucial in sub-Saharan Africa due to population growth and land degradation, emphasizing the significance of effective land use planning and management. In this study, the authors used the modules for land use change simulations plugin within the quantum geographic information system software to analyze and predict LULC change in the Ouessè municipality. The authors used Landsat images and a cellular automata-artificial neural network model to predict future LULC scenarios. Major LULC categories included woodlands, agricultural land, plantations, and rock domes. Changes in these categories were observed between 1986 and 2019, with predictions showing further shifts until 2049. This approach allowed for a detailed and accurate assessment of changes over time, providing valuable insights into land use dynamics in the study area. Smart agriculture and livestock technologies, along with effective business models, are needed to achieve a sustainable balance between human activities and natural resources.
Reasons for First Dental Visit in Pre-teen Children in Qazvin, Iran
Authors: Emrani Reza , Jabbarian Razieh
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Early dental visits in childhood, in addition to preventing dental problems, can also be effective in promoting the quality of life. The age of the first visit and the reasons for it vary in different countries depending on the level of education in the community, economic conditions, availability of health facilities and pattern of health services in the country. This study was conducted to understand the reasons for Iranian parents’ attitude to dental visits and its relationship with social and economic indicators.

Method:

The checklist was used to record the data. It consisted of 18 questions based on the reason for dental visit. Then the reasons were categorized as pain, trauma, tooth discolouration, teacher’s recommendation and referral from other dental centres, using insurance coverage, bad dental habits and periodic care. Finally, the doctor’s diagnosis was recorded. Statistical methods included Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and data description was used at the level of 0.05 (P value = 0.05).

Result:

Pain was the most common reason for the first dental visit (49.7%) followed by discolouration and detecting and carried assessment. Occupation level of education and having an insurance package had a significant relationship with the reason for dental visits in parents.

Conclusion:

The level of education and job having supplementary insurance were related to the reason for dental visits. Pain is the most common reason, and it shows that the importance of regular dental visits is not well known by parents. The reason for dental visits is under the control of socioeconomical factors.
Progressive Bulbar Palsy (PBP) or Bulbar Onset MND: “A Case Report”
Authors: Bhovare Sagar S. , Sayyad Akhataribano S.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

A patient with enhancing bulbar palsy, a type of efferent neuron disease that causes hypertrophy and twitching of the tongue’s musculature, dysphagia, dysarthria, and an excessive buildup of secretions, is described. Enhancing bulbar palsy is a degenerative disorder of the efferent nuclei in the medulla. The patient may consult a dentist at first. Clinicians must possess knowledge regarding the telltale signs and symptoms of this terminal illness to promptly refer patients for neurologic evaluation and initiate appropriate symptomatic treatments.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yellapantula Balsubramaniam , Jhunjhunwala Kush D. , Bhrushundi Milind , Sharma Ranjana
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Understanding CVD prevalence and risk factors in these populations is essential for improving outcomes. This study assesses CVD prevalence and associated risk factors among CKD and ESRD patients in India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2023 at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, India, including 800 adult CKD stage 3 to 5 patients, with and without dialysis. Data collection involved patient interviews, medical record reviews, clinical exams, and biochemical assessments. Logistic regression analysis identified independent predictors of CVD.

Results:

Among participants, 35% had coronary artery disease, 27.5% had heart failure, 20% had arrhythmias, and 15% had cerebrovascular disease. CVD prevalence was higher in ESRD patients compared to CKD patients. Significant predictors included age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and ESRD status, with ESRD patients showing more than double the odds of developing CVD (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.85–3.40, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study reveals a high burden of CVD among CKD and ESRD patients in India, particularly in those with ESRD. Early identification and management of cardiovascular risk factors in CKD patients are crucial to reducing the risk of complications.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Parmar Hansraj , Joshi Prakash , Singh Reena , Parmar Sachin , Sharma Ranjana
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition often linked with depression, worsening symptoms, and lowering the quality of life. This study evaluated the prevalence of depression in female RA patients and its relationship with RA activity and inflammatory markers.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months, involving 185 female RA patients with depression, diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria. RA disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS 28), and inflammatory markers, including CRP, ESR, RF, and anti-CCP, were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results:

Depression was present in 72.4% of patients, with mild, moderate, and severe depression observed in 31.4%, 26.5%, and 14.6%, respectively. Significant associations were found between depression severity and RA activity (P = 0.000). Elevated CRP and ESR levels were seen in 81.6% and 89.7% of patients, correlating with depression severity. Rheumatoid markers (RF and Anti-CCP) were also significantly linked to both RA activity and depression.

Conclusion:

High depression prevalence in RA patients, especially those with severe disease activity, highlights the need for integrated mental health and RA care to enhance patient outcomes.
Extraction and Analysis of Antimicrobial Compounds from Onosma Bracteatum Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kazmi Syed Y. , Baig Habeeb A.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Infectious diseases are the world’s leading cause of premature mortality, almost killing 65,000 people every day.

Objective:

The main objective of the study is to find the extraction and analysis of antimicrobial compounds from Onosma Bracteatum using response surface methodology.

Materials and Methods:

ATCC culture samples and antibiotic discs were purchased from PCSIR and scientific markets. All chemicals with reagents of analytical and commercial grades were purchased from Sigma Millipore Chemical Germany, Daejung Chemicals, China, and Unichem England. ONOSMA BRACTEATUM was purchased from the herbal market and its extracts were prepared in the lab.

Results:

The plant extracts; ONO (3.82%) having light green color were arranged and further valued by performing phytochemical analysis of plant extracts. The highest quantity of phenolic content was observed in Ethanolic, Chloroform, and n-hexane extract of fruit with values 97.0 ± 0.91, 39.5 ± 0.55, and 8.1 ± 0.67 μg GAE/mg extract respectively.

Conclusion:

It very well might be deduced from this research that in-vitro investigation of the O. bracteatum plant showed a critical zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staph aureus, klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Ceruloplasmin as a Vital Tool for Grading of Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study in Central India
Authors: Raghuwanshi Kapil , Narrey Nidhi , Dandotiya Dileep , Tambade Swapnali , Gandhe Mahendra , Sharma Ranjana
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, characterized by high blood pressure (≥ 140/90 mmHg), proteinuria, and edema after 20 weeks of gestation. Affecting 3-10% of pregnancies globally, PE is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

Materials and Methods:

This case-control study involved 105 pregnant women in their third trimester (28-40 weeks), divided into three groups: 35 normotensive controls, 35 with mild preeclampsia, and 35 with severe preeclampsia. Serum ceruloplasmin levels were measured using a turbidimetry method on a Biosystem BA400 analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with P values < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:

The study found significantly higher ceruloplasmin levels in preeclamptic women compared to the control group. Normotensive women had mean ceruloplasmin levels of 84.53 ± 7.33 mg/dl, while women with mild and severe preeclampsia had levels of 107.44 ± 7.37 mg/dl and 135.42 ± 10.73 mg/dl, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.00001).

Conclusion:

Elevated serum ceruloplasmin levels were strongly associated with the severity of preeclampsia. Early detection of elevated levels may help in diagnosing and managing preeclampsia, potentially reducing maternal and fetal complications.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Level of Antioxidant Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) in Diagnosed Patients of Depression at Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India
Authors: Narwaria Sunil Singh , Nagwanshi Jyoti , Manore Sharad , Lohokare Rajeev , Dandotiya Dileep , Raghuwanshi Kapil , Sharma Ranjana
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that protects biomolecules from oxidative stress and damage. Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by low mood, loss of interest, and diminished energy. The role of oxidative stress in depression remains unclear, with conflicting findings in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of vitamin C in patients with depression compared to healthy individuals and to assess its correlation with depression severity.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study involves 55 newly diagnosed drug-naive patients with depression and 55 healthy controls. Serum vitamin C levels were measured and compared. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD).

Results:

The mean serum vitamin C levels were significantly lower in depressed patients (0.1569 ± 0.12 mg/dl) compared to healthy controls (1.4629 ± 0.93 mg/dl) (P = 0.00). A significant inverse correlation was observed between depression severity and serum vitamin C levels, with the lowest levels found in patients with severe depression.

Conclusion:

Vitamin C deficiency is more pronounced in patients with depression, particularly in severe cases. The findings suggest that vitamin C may play a role in the pathophysiology of depression and that supplementation could be beneficial in managing the disease.
Algal Biomolecules in Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Current Evidence and Emerging Therapeutic Avenues
Authors: Thitame Sunil N. , Aher Ashwini A.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

This devastating noncommunicable condition, commonly referred to as Cardiometabolic disease, continues to be a public health issue of significant global burden with high mortality rates. The contemporary studies are, therefore, aimed at such nutritional approaches, and among the natural products with cardiovascular potential, algae seem to be particularly promising. Micro and Macro algae namely green, red, and brown alga contain PUFA, antioxidants, peptides, and polysaccharides, which have CPD protection effects. This review aims to identify the role algae play in cardiovascular diseases due to their impact on lipid profile, blood pressure, and inflammation, together with antioxidant effects. In addition, the protective effects on cardiovascular diseases by algae are also described, as well as the mechanisms of action involved. The study’s conclusions indicate that algae might act as at least a supplementary or, potentially, an alternative approach in CVD treatment, even though additional clinical trials are required to determine its effectiveness.
Exploring the Role of Algae in Promoting Oral Health: Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Tissue Healing Benefits
Authors: Thitame Sunil N. , Aher Ashwini A. , Mopagar Viddyasagar
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Algae a large and very diverse group of photosynthesizing organisms are also being increasingly hailed for their health benefits including their use in the preservation of human oral health. The major classes of molecules found in algae including polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and secondary metabolites, exhibit a wide range of commercial applications including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue healing activities. This review proposed to analyze the scientific data on the use of algae for oral care focusing on diseases include dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral infection. Moreover, the application of algae-based products in oral care formulations is described together with the problems and prospects of this topic.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery: Transformative Approaches and Future Directions
Authors: Salunke Damini Dilip , Thitame Sunil , Aher Ashwini
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The most strategic weapon in drug discovery in the recent past has been artificial intelligence (AI)—bringing new approaches to one of the toughest areas of the pharmaceutical industry. Various AI approaches such as DL and ML methods utilized in various stages of drug discovery and development including but not limited to virtual screening and target identification are also discussed here. Employing this approach, this review looks at AI programs and platforms that exist in drug discovery today in a bid to outline what a future with AI in this field has in stock. In addition to this, this review does not only give a momentary state of the state of affairs of the AI in the space, but also briefly discusses what is in store next, along with the drawback and the opportunity more so from this perspective.
Effect of Duration of Exposure of Thumb Movements While Operating Mobile Phone on Nerve Conduction Velocity and Handgrip Strength in Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Hundekari Jagdish C. , Wasnik Sanjay , Paliwal Manoj , Yadav Indrajeet , Kau Chandeep , Badjatiya Bhumika , Kot Lokendra , Sharma Ranjana
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Use of mobile phones has clearly been increased in recent times with all the developing technologies, attracting the younger generation to use them which may lead to addiction. Students these days are continuously engaged in their mobile phones chatting with each other or probably playing games like PubG.

Aims and Objective:

In the present study, we investigated the handgrip strength and median motor nerve conduction velocity to assess the impact of duration of mobile usage on the functional status of the hands.

Material and Method:

175 undergraduate medical students aged 18–25 years were divided into four groups depending on duration of usage: less than 1 year (N = 23), 1–2 years (N = 89), 2–4 years (N = 37), and more than 4 years (N = 26). Median motor nerve conduction velocity and grip and pinch strengths were recorded.

Results:

Significantly lower median motor nerve conduction velocity was observed as the duration of smartphone usage increased (P < 0.0005). Handgrip strength was reduced non-significantly as duration of smartphone use increased (P < 0.224).

Conclusion:

Smartphone overuse reduces the nerve conduction velocity and decreases handgrip strength and hand functions which may increase the risk of peripheral neuropathy.
A Proposed Context-Specific, Student-Centric, Value-Based, Technology-Enhanced, and Outcome-Oriented Model of Competency-Based Graduate Medical Education in a Rural Indian Medical School
Authors: Waghmare Tripti , Waghmare Lalitbhushan , Ambad Ranjit Sidram
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Competency-based Medical Education (CBME) in India is in its fifth year of implementation. There has been a concurrent advent of National Education Policy 2020. CBME hence need to be now envisioned from the perspective of national relevance and international parlance, striking a unique balance of context-specificity and Indian values. The present article provides a glimpse of various initiatives at Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research - DMIHER (DU) for delivering competency-based graduate medical education; with quality centricity at its core of operations, specifically oriented towards developing critical thinking, problem-solving, lifelong learning skills in an Indian Medical Graduate (IMG). In the pursuit of a transition from an Informative to Formative to Transformative model of Medical education, as presented in the Lancet Commission Report 2010, and catering to all the seven envisioned roles of IMG, the present CBME approach proposed by DMIHER (DU), a rural medical school in central India, is a contextualized model built upon the regulatory guidelines regarding roles of IMG triangulated to Principles of CBME, viz., context-specificity, student centricity, value based, technology enhanced, and outcome oriented.
An In Vitro Assessment of Microleakage of Pit and Fissure Sealants and Restorative Materials Using Dye Penetration Method
Authors: Arora Deval K. , Maiti Niladri , Gaeta Carlo , Grandini Simone , Taraphder Rupsa , Kulasekaran Manoj , Bulbule Nilesh
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The study focused to determine the microleakage of various materials using the dye penetration method.

Materials and Methods:

The study samples consisted of 45 healthy human mandibular premolar teeth removed for orthodontic therapy without caries. The samples were categorized into three groups of 15 each. All the samples were etched for 20 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid gel before being sealed with a glass ionomer cement (GIC) sealant (Fuji—VII GIC), light-cure glass ionomer composite cement (Prevest Fusion I), or flowable nanocomposite sealants (Prevest Fusion Flo), respectively. Every sample were thermocycled and immersed for one day in methylene blue (5%) solution to dye diffusion between the gaps present among the tooth and restoration. The teeth were sectioned and analyzed using image analysis software beneath a stereomicroscope at 10x magnification.

Results:

The marginal microleakage was found lowest in flowable nanocomposites (1.06 ± 0.98), then light-cure glass ionomer composite cement (2.44 ± 1.42), and GIC (4.07 ± 1.54). A statistically significant variance was noted.

Conclusion:

Current investigation evaluated that reduced marginal leakage was seen in flowable nanocomposites when compared to other two groups.
Review on: Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Gusain Neelam , Anjankar Ashish P. , Ambad Ranjit S. , Jha Roshan K. , Jha Rakesh
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

One of the biggest health issues facing women in their childbearing years worldwide is polycystic ovarian syndrome, or PCOS. PCOS is a prevalent endocrine condition with well-known negative effects on metabolism, reproduction, and cardiovascular health that contribute to substantial morbidity. There are still many unanswered questions regarding the precise mechanisms by which PCOS arises, and research into the disorder’s nature is ongoing. This study aims to investigate this uncharted horizon of PCOS by analyzing association between serum Caspase-1, IL-10, and biochemical indices relative to insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hyperandrogenism (FAI), dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in our female population. It expands on the significance of inflammation and insulin resistance, together with dyslipidemia in the advancement and signs and symptoms of PCOS. The work’s preface highlights the goal of advancing medical science’s ability to treat patients with illnesses and makes the case that interdisciplinary cooperation between gynecology, endocrinology, and biochemistry improves patient care. Our objective is to identify potential strategies to lessen the effects of PCOS in order to enhance the results of its diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative measures for the millions of women who are affected.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and its possible association with chloroquine: A rare case report in a three-year-old child
Authors: Ghosh Arun , Hosatti Shivanand , Tayal Vandana , Jhamb Urmila , Roy Vandana
Published: February 2025

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are rare, severe cutaneous reactions often triggered by drug hypersensitivity. These conditions, characterized by varying degrees of skin detachment, are associated with certain medications, particularly antiepileptics and antibiotics. Chloroquine, a widely used antimalarial drug, is generally considered safe, but rarely, it can lead to TEN. We present a case of a three-year-old boy who developed TEN after oral administration of chloroquine for suspected malaria. Despite intensive care, the child experienced complications and eventually succumbed to the consequences of TEN. This case underscores the importance of recognizing the potential life-threatening side effects of chloroquine, especially in regions where it is frequently prescribed, like India. Healthcare professionals should remain vigilant about rare yet severe adverse reactions associated with widely used drugs like chloroquine.
Assessment of an educational module on Pharmacovigilance among hospital pharmacists in United Arab Emirates: A pilot study
Authors: Shanableh Sawsan , Zainal Hadzliana , Alomar Muaed , Palaian Subish
Published: February 2025

Background: Pilot research was conducted to assess the feasibility of a pharmacovigilance educational module for hospital pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates.
Methods: A four-hour education module was held at a private hospital in Dubai. A pre-educational module survey assessed the knowledge, attitude, practice, barriers, and suggestions that could improve adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting. The module was formulated using Miller's pyramid as a framework, and it covered an introduction to pharmacovigilance, how to report ADRs and practical aspects. Pre- and post-educational module surveys were used to compare and assess the impact of the educational module.
Results: The results showed that the primary hurdle preventing pharmacists from practising this approach is a lack of knowledge of the ADR reporting process, which was improved drastically by the educational module with positive feedback.
Conclusion: The findings showed that this module has the potential to be incorporated into ongoing pharmacy professional development initiatives.
Perceived stress and body image perception as correlates of eating disorders among pharmacy students in a Nigerian university: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Anosike Chibueze , Udoh Japhet Percy , Ugochukwu Ezinwanne Jane , Okonkwo Vanessa Chinweike , Okoye Christabel Ogechukwu , Nebonta Sonna Ausla
Published: February 2025

Background: High perceived stress and concerns about body image can potentially trigger eating disorders (ED) among university students. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EDs and perceived stress and body image among pharmacy students in a Nigerian public university.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all undergraduate pharmacy students in a Nigerian public university. The Body Shape Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test, and Perceived Stress Scale were used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Pearson correlation tests. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Out of the 417 respondents, more than half were male (52.3%) and aged 21-25 years (53.7%). About 62.6% of the students had a high risk of ED. Although most students (94.5%) had no body shape concern,  87.3% were moderately stressed. Body image perception (r = 0.650, p < 0.001) and perceived stress (r = 0.151, p = 0.002) had a positive correlation with the risk of ED.
Conclusion: Higher stress levels and more negative body image perceptions were associated with a higher risk of ED among pharmacy students. Appropriate interventions to reduce stress levels and address body image concerns among pharmacy students are recommended.
Impact of a continuing medical education programme on pharmacovigilance awareness among second-year medical students in an Indian medical college
Authors: Hussain Tasneem , Kushwah Anjali , S. Mishra Pooja , Acharya Preeti
Published: February 2025

Background: Pharmacovigilance is essential for ensuring drug safety by monitoring Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). However, awareness of ADR reporting among healthcare professionals, including medical students, is often inadequate. This study evaluates the impact of a Continuing Medical Education (CME) program on pharmacovigilance knowledge and ADR reporting awareness among second-year medical students at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (M.G.M.) Medical College, Indore.
Methods: A pre-post intervention study was conducted with 187 students. The CME programme covered ADR reporting under the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI). Data were collected pre- and post-intervention using a structured questionnaire focusing on pharmacovigilance definitions, ADR reporting, signal detection, and ADR misconceptions. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were employed to evaluate significant differences in pre-test and post-test scores.
Results: Significant improvements in knowledge were observed after attending the CME programme, particularly in ADR identification (30.43%), ADR reporting methods (29.17%), signal detection (76.56%), and roles of pharmacovigilance organisations (127.40%). Paired t-tests showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-test scores (p = 0.004).
Conclusion: The CME programme was effective in enhancing pharmacovigilance awareness among medical students, addressing knowledge gaps, and improving ADR reporting practices. Future studies should assess long-term knowledge retention.
A case study on the first professional experiences of recently graduated pharmacists: Professional identity formation
Authors: Ulutas Deniz Elif , Memis Olcay Besnili , Ceylan Ceren
Published: February 2025

Background: To become a community pharmacist in Türkiye, it is necessary to gain experience as an assistant pharmacist in a community pharmacy for a minimum of one year after graduation. This study aimed to explore the experiences of recently graduated pharmacists who have experienced assistant pharmacy practice (APP), a one-year training alongside community pharmacists in Türkiye, focusing on various aspects of this practice, particularly professional identity formation (PIF).
Methods: A qualitative approach was used to achieve this objective. A case study design using in-depth interviews allowed participants to describe their lived and perceived experiences in their own words.
Results: Twenty pharmacists (15 females and 5 males) were interviewed. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) contributions of assistant pharmacy practice to PIF, (2) challenges of this practice, (3) stages of PIF during this practice, and  (4) pharmacists' perceptions of their roles at the conclusion of the PIF process.
Conclusion: Considering the stages in question and the difficulties encountered in the practice, as acknowledged by the relevant authorities, it is anticipated that PIF during the APP period could be facilitated, and pharmacists' perspectives on the practice could change.
Cell Cannibalism: Why Do Our Cells Eat Each Other?
Authors: El-Sayed Al-Baraa Akram
Published: February 2025

Natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes are examples of innate immune cells. Body cells known as phagocytes are specialized for cannibalism the process of capturing, ingesting, and eliminating invasive pathogens. Phagocytic cells come in two primary varieties. These are mononuclear phagocytes (blood monoocytes and tissue macrophages) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (particularly neutrophils). Macrophage present either fixed as (Microglial cell in brain, alveolar macrophage in lung and Kupffer cell in liver) or wandering as in body cavity. Phagotrophy, cell cannibalism, intentional cell elimination, and primary phagocytosis are some of the names for the types of cell death that can occur when cells are phagocytosed by other cells. But these are all distinct ways that phagocytosis (abbreviated "phagocytosis") kills cells. Cytotoxic oxidants, peptides, and degradative enzymes found in acidic phagolysosomes cause the entrapped cells to perish. Despite Metchnikov's discovery of cell death by cannibalism in the 1880s, it was overlooked until recently. It is now understood to play a key role in both innate and adaptive immunity against infections and to contribute to developmental cell death in worms, Drosophila, and mammals. The most prevalent type of cell death in the mammalian body is cannibalism, which mediates the physiological turnover of erythrocytes and other leucocytes. Although cancer cells can also phagocytose host cells and other cancer cells to survive, immunity against cancer is also partially mediated by macrophage cannibalism of cancer cells. According to recent data, microglial cannibalism of stressed neurons can mediate neurodegeneration and other neuropathologies. Therefore, even though cannibalism-induced cell death is not well understood, it is one of the most significant, prevalent, and ancient types of cell death.
El uso de los pronombres de primera persona en Ilíada y su posible función como recurso poético
Authors: Abritta Alejandro
Published: February 2025

La forma ἐγώ se encuentra en Ilíada un extraordinario número de 213 veces, a razón de una vez cada 74 versos y, si se incluyen exclusivamente los de discurso directo, 1 vez cada 33. Para un lenguaje donde su presencia no es obligatoria, esta frecuencia del pronombre resulta bastante llamativa, y da lugar a una pregunta de notable importancia para nuestra comprensión del estilo homérico, a saber, si su uso es resultado de una conveniencia compositiva, con una distribución esencialmente aleatoria, sin efectos para la experiencia del poema de la audiencia, o si puede detectarse una distribución deliberada, donde la aparición del pronombre sería perceptible para la audiencia con consecuencias significativas en su experiencia estética. El objetivo de este artículo es resolver esta pregunta y, en caso de que se descubra una distribución deliberada en el uso del pronombre, verificar cuáles son los efectos poéticos resultantes de esta distribución.