bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primulina clausa, a new species of Gesneriaceae from northern Guangxi, China
Authors: LI PENG-WEI , PAN BO , HARRIS AJ , XU WEI-BIN , LIU MING-TAO , KANG MING
Published: July 2021

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Primulina clausa P.W.Li & M.Kang was described, which occurs in the karst areas of northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. The new species is morphologically similar to P. obtusidentata (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber, but can be readily distinguished by its short and prostrate peduncle, slightly unfolded bracts, appressed sepals, glabrous anthers, parietal placenta, and nearly straight capsules.
Six new synonyms of Camellia furfuracea (Theaceae)
Authors: ZHAO DONGWEI
Published: July 2021

N/A
New species and record of Pseudonereis (Annelida, Polychaeta, Nereididae) from Taiwan
Authors: HSUEH PAN-WEN
Published: July 2021

Two new species and one new record species of the genus Pseudonereis are described from specimens collected from ecological surveys of coasts of Taiwan and an offshore island during the past 15 years: P. jihueiensis n. sp., P. kihawensis n. sp., and P. trimaculata. Epitokes of P. jihueiensis n. sp. and P. trimaculata are also described. Pseudonereis jihueiensis n. sp. can be distinguished from congeners by having edentate jaws, χ-shaped ridge pattern of Areas VI–V–VI, parapodial morphology (i.e., length ratio of dorsal cirrus to dorsal ligule or presence of small pennant-like dorsal ligule, shape of dorsal ligule in certain region of chaetigers), and no heterogomph spinigers in the subacicular fascicle of the neuropodia. Pseudonereis kihawensis n. sp. differs from congeners by having crescent-shaped pointed-bars in Area VI, λ-shaped ridge pattern of Areas VI–V–VI, parapodial morphology (i.e., length ratio of dorsal cirrus to dorsal ligule or presence of small pennant-like dorsal ligule or shape of dorsal ligule in certain region of chaetigers), and no heterogomph spinigers in the subacicular fascicle of the neuropodia. Pseudonereis trimaculata, a species originally described from Indonesia, is reported from Taiwan for the first time. A table of key characters for all species of Pseudonereis is provided.
Enhancing Icing Detection and Characterization using the New York State Mesonet
Authors: Wang Junhong , Brotzge Jerry , Shultis Jacob , Bain Nathan
Published: July 2021

The accurate detection and monitoring of freezing rain and icing conditions at the surface is a notoriously challenging but important problem. This work attempts to enhance icing detection and characterization utilizing data from the New York State Mesonet (NYSM). NYSM is the first operational network measuring winds at 10 meters from two independent sensors: propeller and sonic anemometers. During and after freezing rain events, large wind speed differences are frequently reported between the two anemometers because the propeller develops a coating of ice, thus either stopping or slowing its rotation. Such errors of propeller data provide a signal for identifying icing conditions. An automated method for identifying “active freezing rain” (AFR) and a continuation of “frozen surface” (FS) conditions is developed. Hourly maps of AFR and FS sites are generated using four criteria: (1) a wind speed difference (sonic – propeller) of > 1 m s-1 or 0 m s-1 propeller wind speed for at least half hour, (2) a temperature threshold of -5°C to 2°C for AFR and less than 2°C for FS, (3) insignificant hourly snow accumulation, and (4) with (or without) significant hourly precipitation accumulation for AFR (or FS). The AFR events detected by the automated method for last four winters (2017-2021) show very good agreements in starting and ending times with that from ASOS data. A case study of the ice storm during 14-16 April 2018 further demonstrates the validity of the methodology and highlights the benefit of NYSM profiler and camera data.
(Dis)Continuities in Racialized Legal Violence
Authors: Ward Geoff , Cunningham David , Lee Hedwig , Gaby Sarah
Published: July 2021

Amid growing research on the history and legacies of racist violence in the United States, there has been limited development of theory and measurement pertaining to racist violence as a sociological process. Social science research has centered on lynching and, to a lesser extent, slavery and broader Jim Crow laws and customs, and rarely have these and other forms been engaged together and in relation to contemporary outcomes. We focus on racialized “legal violence”—uses of law in ways that are harmful to populations defined by race—and use the case of South Carolina “slave courts” to explore modes of racialized violence that are expansive and intertwined. Contrary to a more sequential and linear reading of successive and discreet modes of repression (e.g., “slavery ended. . .”), our analysis shows recursive, multidimensional, and cascading aspects of injurious legal action and inaction that accumulate and repeat over time. Continuities of racialized legal violence, which are contested and thus dynamic, modify and maintain age-old structural constraints. Rather than unfolding in sequence—from settler colonialism to enslavement, Jim Crow, and mass incarceration—“peculiar institutions” are more fluid, sharing repertoires and networks of racialized legal violence that recombine over time.
Composite materials fabricated from a conductive polymer with additions of battery waste powders and recycled copper wires
Authors: Cardona-Vivas Natalia , Correa Mauricio A , Colorado Henry A
Published: July 2021

A new multifunctional composite material manufactured from vinyl-acrylic resin and mixed with battery waste powders containing graphite, manganese oxide, and zinc oxide particles has been developed. The battery waste (BW) was obtained from a recycling company as a byproduct from the grinding process of primary batteries (alkaline and zinc carbon batteries). In addition, 24 and 28 AWG copper wires (CuW) were obtained from recycling circuit waste, which were added in 5, 10 and 15 wt% contents to form composite materials, with all CuW of 2 mm length. These formulations were characterized using scanning electronic microscopy, compression, density, and piezoresistivity tests. When copper was added to the composite material, the behavior of the sensor was linear, a characteristic desired in piezoresistive sensors since they do not need any additional configuration to obtain said linearity. As the percentage of copper increased, the sensitivity of the sensor decreased and the conductivity increased.
Rethinking the politics of meditation: Practice, affect and ontology
Authors: Carvalho António
Published: July 2021

This article develops an ontological approach to study meditation in practice. Recognizing that social studies of meditation are dominated by critical and humanist standpoints, it suggests that the politics of meditation should not be indexed to hegemonic social forces – capitalism, neoliberalism, medicalization – but to what it can do to bodies, selves and environments through particular performances and engagements with non-humans. In order to develop this argument, the article delves into two popular practices of meditation – Vipassana, in the tradition of S. N. Goenka, and Mindfulness, according to the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh. The empirical data stem from fieldwork carried out between 2010 and 2013 in France, Portugal and the United Kingdom. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with meditators, as well as participant observation at meditation retreats and local practice groups. The article explores how these two articulations of Vipassana and Mindfulness allow practitioners to reconfigure how they perform their bodies and selves, leaning towards versions of subjectivity that contrast with paradigmatic versions of the modern self. It suggests that the ontological politics of meditation are multiple, involving a wide range of performances, effects and arrangements, requiring social scientists to take into account how meditation unfolds in practice in order to avoid totalizing generalizations.
Transformational Leadership in Extreme Contexts: Associations with Posttraumatic Growth and Self-Efficacy Among Combat Veterans
Authors: LaRocca Michael A. , Groves Kevin S.
Published: July 2021

Decades of research have established transformational leadership as an encompassing leadership approach with broad applications across organizational contexts. Despite dozens of meta-analyses and many empirical studies demonstrating the direct performance effects of transformational leadership, ways in which transformational leaders shape follower personal development and well-being remain largely unexplored, particularly in extreme contexts such as military combat. Based on a sample of 130 combat veterans of multiple conflicts, we examined the impact of transformational leadership in combat on follower posttraumatic growth and follower self-efficacy after deployment, including the moderating effects of the duration and intensity of combat. Moderated regression modeling and analyses demonstrated that transformational leadership was associated with follower posttraumatic growth among lengthier combat deployments, as well as with follower self-efficacy independent of combat duration and intensity. Our findings suggest that transformational leaders frame extreme contexts as opportunities for growth, and further implications for research and practice are discussed.
Measurement Invariance in the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire: Implications for Culturally Inclusive Parenting Research
Authors: Shaffer Anne , Rodriguez Violeta J. , Kolko David J. , Pilkonis Paul A. , Lindhiem Oliver
Published: July 2021

Questions persist in the parenting literature regarding how best to define positive and negative parenting behaviors. Are there optimal parenting behaviors shared by mothers and fathers, or among different racial and ethnic groups? This study draws from a nationally representative sample of US parents of school-age children, testing aspects of measurement invariance in the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) full and short forms. Our goal was to highlight psychometric approaches to enhancing cultural sensitivity and inclusivity in parenting research, by assessing whether self-reported parenting behaviors have similar conceptual structure across groups. Tests of measurement invariance revealed that the factor structure of the APQ was the same across parent gender, race, and ethnicity. While partial invariance was found in some instances, we did not find metric and scalar invariance in comparisons among these groups. We conclude with research- and practice-based implications, and provide recommendations for future measurement development and use.
The Effects of Family Income and Parents’ Educational Status on Child Health Status: Examining the Mediation Effects of Material Deprivation and Parents’ Health
Authors: Wu Yichao , Qi Di
Published: July 2021

Using the Chinese Family Panel Studies database in the wave of 2012, 2014, and 2016 with a sample of 25,663 children from 0 to 15 years old, this article examines the direct and indirect effects of family income and parents’ educational status on child health outcome. Two mediators include material living conditions and parents’ health. The results show that material living conditions and parents’ health have the greatest influences on children’s health, and parents’ education and family income are the secondary importance. Parents’ education has significant effects on child health through parents’ health and living conditions.
Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) in response assessment of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) for liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors (NET): a feasibility study
Authors: Katharina Ingenerf Maria , Karim Homeira , Fink Nicola , Ilhan Harun , Ricke Jens , Treitl Karla-Maria , Schmid-Tannwald Christine
Published: July 2021

Background

In patients with hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) locoregional therapies such as transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are increasingly applied. Response evaluation remains challenging and previous studies assessing response with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been inconclusive.

Purpose

To perform a feasibility study to evaluate if response assessment with quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in patients with liver metastases of NETs after TARE will be possible.

Material and Methods

Retrospectively, 43 patients with 120 target lesions who obtained abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DWI 39±28 days before and 74±46 days after TARE were included. Intralesional ADC (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean) were measured for a maximum number of three lesions per patient on baseline and post-interventional DWI. Tumor response was categorized according to RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST.

Results

TARE resulted in partial remission (PR) in 23% (63%), in stable disease (SD) in 73% (23%), in progressive disease (PD) in 5% (7%) and in complete response (CR) in 0% (1%) according to RECIST 1.1 (mRECIST, respectively). ADC values increased significantly ( P<0.005) after TARE in the PR group whereas there was no significant change in the PD group. Post-therapeutic ADC values of SD lesions increased significantly when evaluated by RECIST 1.1 but not if evaluated by mRECIST. Percentual changes of ADCmean values were slightly higher for responders compared to non-responders ( P<0.05).

Conclusion

ADC values seem to represent an additional marker for treatment response evaluation after TARE in patients with secondary hepatic NET. A conclusive study seems feasible though patient-based evaluation and overall survival and progression free survival as alternate primary endpoints should be considered.
Unusual case of De Garengeot hernia: femoral hernia containing purulent appendicitis in a 69-year-old man
Authors: Yan Longchao , Zhang Yingyi
Published: July 2021

A De Garengeot hernia is a rare type of femoral hernia that involves a vermiform appendix within a femoral hernia sac. Because of the rarity of this disease, a standard surgical procedure has not been established, and most cases are diagnosed intraoperatively. Preoperative diagnosis of a De Garengeot hernia is quite difficult. Computed tomography is the most sensitive and specific technique among the available imaging tests for preoperative diagnosis of a De Garengeot hernia. Although a standard surgical procedure is lacking, prompt surgery has become the consensus. The most common procedure is the open anterior approach; this allows exploration of the hernia sac and rapid treatment of its contents, routine appendectomy through a single incision, and preperitoneal repair of the femoral hernia.
Development and preliminary feasibility evaluation of occupation-centered diabetes self-management intervention
Authors: Binesh Maryam , Mehraban Afsoon H , Shahboulaghi Farahnaz M , Aghili Rokhsareh , Shafaroodi Narges
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Occupational therapy practice framework provides a valuable structure for guiding clinical practice in occupational therapy based on the profession’s philosophical assumptions and areas of concern. This study aims to address the development and preliminary feasibility and acceptability evaluation of diabetes self-management intervention based on the framework and available literature.

Method

The research consisted of two phases. During the first phase, the research team conducted the relevant literature review, analyzed it deductively, and classified it in accordance with the concepts of the occupational therapy practice framework. Then, they modeled the intervention and formulated its components. In the second phase, they undertook the developed intervention on seven people with type-2 diabetes. The participants' attendance and their satisfaction with the program were evaluated to investigate its feasibility and acceptability.

Results

The research team developed an intervention named Occupational Therapy Diabetes Self-Management which focuses on the occupational nature of self-management and addresses various factors of its integrations with individuals’ daily lives. Feasibility and acceptability evaluation of the Occupational Therapy Diabetes Self-Management indicated that the participants' attendance and satisfaction with the program were 92.86% and 9.43 out of 10, respectively.

Conclusion

The Occupational Therapy Diabetes Self-Management is evidence-based, feasible, and an acceptable intervention to guide future research and clinical practice on occupational therapy.
Start-up system design for small scale autonomous DFIG wind turbine
Authors: Ghodbane-Cherif Meriem , Skander-Mustapha Sondes , Slama-Belkhodja Ilhem
Published: July 2021

Autonomous wind systems are becoming promising since they provide new and innovative solutions to non-electrified areas. Start-up procedures for this wind systems requires some care to ensure electricity availability, to ovoid overloads and to reduce electrical and mechanical stress that affect lifetime of system components. In this context, this paper deals with an enhanced start-up system for small scale autonomous wind systems based on doubly fed induction generator. With the proposed start-up system, transient magnetizing current value is maintained under rated rotor current value to ensure smooth start-up process. Start-up algorithm guarantees the reach of a stable system functioning. Suggested topology, that includes a supercapacitor as a supplementary source, can be disconnected once wind system boots. Predictive controllers are used to ensure fast response. An energy management system is developed to monitor power flow. Considered model and control strategy of each system component, as well as start-up process are presented. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed start-up system.
Association of Health Literacy and Socioeconomic Status with Oral Health Among Older Adults in Ghana: A Moderation Analysis of Social Capital
Authors: Amoah Padmore Adusei , Koduah Adwoa Owusuaa , Gyasi Razak M. , Nyamekye Kingsley Atta , Phillips David R.
Published: July 2021

We examined the moderating role of social capital (SC) in the association of socioeconomic status (SES) and health literacy (HL) with oral health (OH) status and the intentions to use OH services (IUOHS) among older Ghanaians. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey ( n = 522) and analyzed using ordinal and binary logistic regressions. Bridging SC moderated the relationship between HL and oral health status ( B = 0. 0.117, p < .05) and the association of SES with IUOHS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.144; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.027, 3.599]). Trust modified the association between HL and IUOHS (AOR = 1.051; 95% CI = [1.014, 3.789]). Bonding SC moderated the association between SES and oral health status (B = 0.180, p < .05). However, bonding SC negatively modified the association between SES and IUOHS (AOR = 0.961; 95% CI = [0.727, 0.997]). Cognitive and structural SC modify the associations of SES and HL with OH and IUOHS.
Continuing to enhance the quality of case study methodology in health services research
Authors: Sibbald Shannon L. , Paciocco Stefan , Fournie Meghan , Van Asseldonk Rachelle , Scurr Tiffany
Published: July 2021

Case study methodology has grown in popularity within Health Services Research (HSR). However, its use and merit as a methodology are frequently criticized due to its flexible approach and inconsistent application. Nevertheless, case study methodology is well suited to HSR because it can track and examine complex relationships, contexts, and systems as they evolve. Applied appropriately, it can help generate information on how multiple forms of knowledge come together to inform decision-making within healthcare contexts. In this article, we aim to demystify case study methodology by outlining its philosophical underpinnings and three foundational approaches. We provide literature-based guidance to decision-makers, policy-makers, and health leaders on how to engage in and critically appraise case study design. We advocate that researchers work in collaboration with health leaders to detail their research process with an aim of strengthening the validity and integrity of case study for its continued and advanced use in HSR.
Imaging, Paternalism and the Worried Patient: Rethinking Our Approach
Authors: Appavoo Shushiela
Published: July 2021

The Covid pandemic has taught many lessons, including the importance of mental health. The value of the radiologist in holistic patient care may be underestimated and underresearched. Barriers to the acceptance of imaging as an important component in reassurance may be rooted in old ideas minimizing the importance of mental health.
Evaluation of An Inpatient Pharmacy Consult on Discharge Medications in Bariatric Surgery Patients
Authors: Van Prooyen Amanda M. , Hicks Jessica L. , Lin Ed , Davis Scott S. , Singh Arvinpal , Harris DeAngelo A. , Falconer Elissa A. , Hechenbleikner Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the impact of an inpatient pharmacy consult on discharge medications following bariatric surgery.

Methods:

A pharmacy consult for discharge medication review for bariatric surgery patients was instituted at an academic medical center. The intervention included conducting a medication history, reviewing home medications for updates post-bariatric surgery, creating and documenting a discharge medication plan, and providing patient education. The impact of the intervention was evaluated by comparing medication classes, doses, and formulations prescribed during the intervention relative to a historical control group.

Results:

The study included 85 patients who received pharmacist intervention and 167 patients who did not receive pharmacist intervention following bariatric surgery. The prescription of an extended-release medication at discharge in the intervention group was reduced by 19.3% (28.7% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.0005). For patients on hypertension medications, 94.0% had their regimen reduced in the intervention group compared with 37.5% of patients in the control group (p < 0.001). Of patients on insulin at baseline, 87.5% of patients in the intervention group had dose reductions at discharge vs. 66.7% of patients in the control group (p = 0.37). No patients in the intervention group were discharged with oral antihyperglycemic medications or non-insulin injectable medications vs. 33.3% (p = 0.12) and 20.0% (p = 0.47), respectively, in the control group. Readmission rates at 30 days were insignificantly lower in the intervention group (3.5% vs. 4.2%, p = 1).

Conclusions:

Clinical pharmacist involvement in the discharge medication reconciliation process for bariatric surgery patients reduced prescribing of unadjusted medication classes, doses, and drug formulations.
Child appropriations and irregular adoptions: Activism for the “right to identity,” justice, and reparation in Argentina and Chile
Authors: Gesteira Soledad , Salvo Agoglia Irene , Villalta Carla , Alfaro Monsalve Karen
Published: July 2021

In this article we examine the process of construction and transformation of the meanings surrounding the serious violations of the Right to Identity in Argentina and Chile, which encompass from child appropriations during dictatorships to so called “irregular adoptions.” We inquire about how activists have built their public claims of justice and reparation. We discuss the singularities and differences of these processes in both countries and the current challenges, particularly in the construction of those affected as victims of human rights violations.
A compensation algorithm of tool path for grinding wheel wear in solid cutting tool flank grinding
Authors: Ma Yuhao , Li Yong , Jiang Lei , Ding Guofu
Published: July 2021

In finishing machining, the quality of workpiece is significantly influenced by the performance of solid cutting tool. Solid cutting tool flank is ground by CNC tool grinder in accordance with the tool path of grinding wheel. In actual grinding process, the grinding area of wheel will be gradually worn down, resulting in the decrease of geometric accuracy of flank and even wrong profile. In order to compensate the error, a compensation algorithm of tool path for solid cutting tool flank based on grinding wheel wear is proposed. Firstly, the coordinate systems are defined for the grinding process of flank, and the orientation and location calculation model of ideal wheel with the grinding process parameters is derived. Secondly, based on the profile description of wheel wear, flank errors are analyzed. Then, the compensation algorithm for anastomosis of cutting edge and relief angle is proposed. Finally, series of experiments of simulation and actual grinding are carried out. The comparison of the results shows that the algorithm can reduce the influence of wheel wear effectively, which can also improve the grinding quality stability and prolong the service life of grinding wheel.
Tensions, articulations, and novelty in the ontogenetic development of historical thinking: Contributions of cultural–historical psychology
Authors: Albornoz Natalia , Sebastián Christian
Published: July 2021

To analyse or experience history, to argue or narrate it, two approaches define and explain the phenomenon of thinking about history. In recent decades, thinking about history has become especially relevant because of its relationship with citizenship, either to evaluate evidence of the past or to guide present and future action. The contributions of psychology are diverse and come from traditions that refer to apparently antagonistic psychological processes, such as narrative and argumentation. The objective of this article is to address this discussion from a cultural–historical approach, specifically Vygotskian. We propose that argumentation and narrative are psychological processes that can be developed separately in ontogeny. Both processes, under certain conditions and socially mediated action, are stressed and articulated to give way to historical thinking, a higher psychological process.
Far from Armageddon: Austria-Hungary’s officers and their visions of a general European War before 1914
Authors: Wullschleger Marion
Published: July 2021

In the historiography on the origins of the First World War, the visions of war among European elites remain controversial. This article examines how Austria-Hungary’s military officers imagined the character and outcome of a general European war before 1914. It argues that Habsburg officers writing in military journals adhered to the idea of a short war with only limited impact on economy and society. They were optimistic about winning a major European war alongside their ally Germany. Their belief in a limited war was based on the experiences of the modern cabinet wars fought in Europe in the middle of the nineteenth century.
‘All Avatars Aren't We’: Football and the experience of football-themed digital content during a global pandemic
Authors: Crawford Garry , Fenton Alex , Chadwick Simon , Lawrence Stefan
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the contemporary nature of association football consumption. In particular, we argue that the coronavirus 2019 pandemic reveals the contemporary and particular nature of the relationship between football and its supporters, which is increasingly focused on the consumption of themed digital participatory experiences. During this pandemic, what fans missed was not only live football, but also the sporting ‘experience’ and the opportunities for participation that this provides. Hence, here we saw fans, clubs and media providers employing new digital technologies to create themed experiences that facilitated (and mediated) participation and interaction. Following Žižek (2014), we suggest that the coronavirus 2019 pandemic can be understood as a global mega event that creates a seismic, reality alerting schism, whose aftermath requires new ontologies and theories. Our response is to utilise a number of key and illustrative examples and to offer a new synthesis of theories and literatures, most notably, on the experience society, theming, participatory culture, neoliberalism and digital culture. This new context and (re)combination of theories then provides a new, and essential, perspective that reveals a great deal about the contemporary nature of the sport, what fans buy into, and also, how this may change post pandemic.
Content analysis of biological sex-specific media coverage of sport: The case of National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic department home webpages
Authors: Burroughs Benjamin , Malik Margo , Johnson Richard , Romney Miles
Published: July 2021

Studies have found that media coverage of women's sports is inadequate when compared with coverage of men's sports with regards to the amount of coverage as well as the type of coverage across men's and women’s sports. With few exceptions, past research has found inequitable coverage of female and male athletes in every media form studied, from print and television to the internet. Some exceptions to the findings include not-for-profit media, such as the National Collegiate Athletic Association News, and internet-based publications. The current study combined the two media types to determine if athletic departments that are affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association offer more balanced coverage of female and male athletes on their official websites than has been found in past research. The results revealed that although the type of coverage the athletes received was similar, the amount was not. In articles and photographs on National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic department home webpages, females were underrepresented in comparison to their participation rates in collegiate athletics. These webpages from 30 not-for-profit, National Collegiate Athletic Association affiliated institutions, across six conferences, did not lead to the overall balance in coverage that was originally expected. implications for Title IX are discussed.
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, and strain upon the start: enfranchising the medical profession for clinically proximate advocacy of improved healthcare
Authors: Looi Jeffrey C L , Allison Stephen , Kisely Stephen R , Bastiampillai Tarun
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To discuss and reflect upon the role of medical practitioners, including psychiatrists, as health advocates on behalf of patients, carers and staff.

Conclusions:

Health advocacy is a key professional competency of medical practitioners, and is part of the RANZCP framework for training and continuing professional development. Since advocacy is often a team activity, there is much that is gained experientially from volunteering and working with other more experienced health advocates within structurally and financially independent (of health systems and governments) representative groups (RANZCP, AMA, unions). Doctors may begin with clinically proximate advocacy for improved healthcare in health systems, across the public and private sectors. Health advocacy requires skill and courage, but can ultimately influence systemic outcomes, sway policy decisions, and improve resource allocation.
Did Covid-19 Lead to an Increase in Hate Crimes Toward Chinese People in London?
Authors: Gray Chelsea , Hansen Kirstine
Published: July 2021

We examine whether Covid-19, which is widely believed to have originated in China, negatively affected the environment for Chinese people in London leading to an increase in hate crimes toward this group relative to others. With data from the Metropolitan Police for the whole of the Metropolitan area of London, we use a difference-in-differences approach to examine what happened to hate crimes against Chinese people in London in the months before (October to December 2019) and the months after the Covid-19 pandemic (January to March 2020) relative to other ethnic groups, to other crimes, and to other time periods. Our methodology utilizes the fact that Covid-19 came as an unexpected shock, which very quickly changed the environment for crime, and did so differentially across ethnicities. We argue that this shock is likely to negatively affect attitudes and behaviors toward Chinese people, but has no effect on other ethnicities. Our results show that in the months after Covid-19, there was an increase in hate crimes against Chinese people, but this increase was not seen among the other ethnic groups, other non hate crimes, or in any other time period. This leads us to conclude that Covid-19 led to an increase in hate crimes against Chinese people in London. That Covid-19 changed behavior toward Chinese people highlights an intrinsic link between Covid-19 and racism. Unfortunately, the rise in hate crime that we identify adds to a growing list of ways in which ethnic minority groups disproportionately suffered, and continue to do so, during the pandemic.
Baseline Knowledge Attitudes Satisfaction and Aspirations With Advance Care Planning: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yorke Jojo , Yobo-Addo Emmanuel , Singh Kanwardeep , Muzzam Ali , Khan Imran , Shokur Nikita , Ginn David , Myers James W
Published: July 2021

Background:

Studies have consistently demonstrated low rates of adoption of Advance Care Planning in the community.

Methods:

We studied Medicare enrollees age 65 and over and non-Medicare patients using a cross-sectional survey undertaken in February and March 2019 using questionnaires completed by out-patients attending a teaching hospital clinic in East Tennessee USA. We evaluated patient knowledge, attitudes, satisfaction and aspirations towards Advance Care Planning.

Results:

141 properly completed questionnaires were used. All Medicare enrollees were aware of Advanced Care Planning compared to 43% in the non-Medicare group. 70% of the Medicare enrollees and 94% of non-Medicare group were not ready to complete a written Advanced Care Plan. Of the respondents, 46% had appointed spouses, 24% adult children, 11% siblings, 10% parents, 3.6% friends and 1.2% aunts as their surrogate medical decision makers. 41% agreed that they were satisfied with their current advance care planning arrangements. This research identified that individual’s knowledge, attitudes and aspirations influenced the adoption of Advance Care.

Conclusions:

Patients have adopted the Advance Care Plan concept but have modified it to reduce their concerns by using family and loved ones to convey their wishes instead of filling the required legal documents. Clinicians could improve this informal system and increase the observability of the treatment choices including the use of video and web-based tools.
Making Trouble With Ontogenesis: Collaborative Writing, Becoming, and Concept Forming as Event
Authors: Gale Ken , Wyatt Jonathan
Published: July 2021

Through the authors’ continuing creative encounters with practices of collaborative writing, this article offers a troubling of approaches to ontology that inform a construction of simply human selves and a constitution of Being. The article seeks instead to foster processual movements toward always becoming and the creative-relational practices of concept forming as event. In their speculative experimentations with the concept of “ontogenesis,” the authors offer exemplifications of the capaciousness of collaborating writing bodies, always on the move, always folding and unfolding, always opening in active movements of inquiry, curiosity, and wonder. In the eventful potentiality of “notyetness” that each passage of writing affords, immanent sensings of becoming are imbricated in the intensification of fragile, prehensive, and ontogenetic emergence.
Quadratic-stretch elasticity
Authors: Vitral E. , Hanna J. A.
Published: July 2021

A nonlinear small-strain elastic theory is constructed from a systematic expansion in Biot strains, truncated at quadratic order. The primary motivation is the desire for a clean separation between stretching and bending energies for shells, which appears to arise only from reduction of a bulk energy of this type. An approximation of isotropic invariants, bypassing the solution of a quartic equation or computation of tensor square roots, allows stretches, rotations, stresses, and balance laws to be written in terms of derivatives of position. Two-field formulations are also presented. Extensions to anisotropic theories are briefly discussed.
Longitudinal shock waves in a class of semi-infinite stretch-limited elastic strings
Authors: Rodriguez Casey
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we initiate the study of wave propagation in a recently proposed mathematical model for stretch-limited elastic strings. We consider the longitudinal motion of a simple class of uniform, semi-infinite, stretch-limited strings under no external force with finite end held fixed and prescribed tension at the infinite end. We study a class of motions such that the string has one inextensible segment, where the local stretch is maximized, and one extensible segment. The equations of motion reduce to a simple and novel shock front problem in one spatial variable for which we prove existence and uniqueness of local-in-time solutions for appropriate initial data. We then prove the orbital asymptotic stability of an explicit two-parameter family of piece-wise constant stretched motions. If the prescribed tension at the infinite end is increasing in time, our results provide an open set of initial data launching motions resulting in the string becoming fully inextensible and tension blowing up in finite time.
Investigation on the free vibration behavior of sandwich conical shells with reinforced cores
Authors: Zarei Mehdi , Rahimi Gholamhossien , Shahgholian-Ghahfarokhi Davoud
Published: July 2021

The free vibration behavior of sandwich conical shells with reinforced cores is investigated in the present study using experimental, analytical, and numerical methods. A new effective smeared method is employed to superimpose the stiffness contribution of skins with those of the stiffener in order to achieve equivalent stiffness of the whole structure. The stiffeners are also considered as a beam to support shear forces and bending moments in addition to the axial forces. Using Donnell’s shell theory and Galerkin method, the natural frequencies of the sandwich shell are subsequently derived. To validate analytical results, experimental modal analysis (EMA) is further conducted on the conical sandwich shell. For this purpose, a method is designed for manufacturing specimens through the filament winding process. For more validation, a finite element model (FEM) is built. The results revealed that all the validations were in good agreement with each other. Based on these analyses, the influence of the cross-sectional area of the stiffeners, the semi-vertex angle of the cone, stiffener orientation angle, and the number of stiffeners are investigated as well. The results achieved are novel and can be thus employed as a benchmark for further studies.
Disease Burden Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Indian Pediatric Population: A Literature Review
Authors: Ghia Canna , Rambhad Gautam
Published: July 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. Globally, there is huge disease burden, high treatment cost, and health impact beyond acute episodes due to RSV which necessitate development and implementation of preventive strategies for the control of RSV infection. The disease burden due to RSV in pediatric population across India is still not clearly understood so this literature review was therefore conducted to gather data on disease burden due to RSV in Indian pediatric population. Systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Google search with different medical subject headings from 2007 to 2020. Studies performed in Indian pediatric population were selected for review. Literature review revealed that in India, epidemiology of RSV infection is well documented in young children (0-5 years) as compared to children from other age groups. The rates of RSV detection in various studies conducted in younger children (0-5 years) vary from 2.1% to 62.4% in India which is higher as compared to children from other age groups. In India, RSV mainly peaks around rainy to early winter season, that is, during months of June through October while smaller peak was noted during December, January, and February. In 2020, higher RSV-associated disease burden was reported among children (<5 years) in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Considering significant disease burden due to RSV in young Indian children, availability of RSV vaccine would be crucial to prevent RSV infections in children and its spread in the community.
Professional identity development of preservice music teachers: A survey study of three Chinese universities
Authors: Yang Yang
Published: July 2021

By 2019, over 70,000 undergraduates had been awarded bachelor’s degrees in music education under the Free Education for Students in Teacher Education Programme in China. Although this helped to relieve a severe shortage of music teacher supply, recent studies reported serious concerns regarding the career readiness of this population. The purposes of this study were to (a) provide a role-identity profile of 4th-year undergraduate music education majors in China, (b) identify key elements in their professional identity development (PID), and (c) explore whether these elements were different from those identified in research findings in other education systems. Survey data were collected from 1,321 music education students in three Chinese universities for content analysis. The results suggest that occupation-oriented external factors are the most influential source in career decision-making. Most participants are struggling with multiple professional identity shifts that combine music trainee, teacher trainee, and preservice teacher roles across degree programs. These present the complexity of identity development in policy-reinforced professionalism in the Chinese education system.
Exploring the effectiveness of emotional and rational user-generated contents in digital tourism platforms
Authors: Cheung Man Lai , Leung Wilson KS , Cheah Jun-Hwa , Ting Hiram
Published: July 2021

User-generated content (UGC) is one of the most important notions that influences tourists’ decision-making. However, the nature of UGC is still underexplored in the literature. The present study aimed to examine the impact of two different forms of UGC (i.e., emotional and rational) on tourists’ perceived values and their subsequent behavioural responses. Using the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model, the two forms of UGC were conceptualised as informational stimuli, while tourists’ overall value assessment (i.e., perceived values, including emotional, functional, relational, and entitativity values) of the utility of tourism activities in the tourism platform were conceptualised as organisms. Tourists’ behavioural responses were demonstrated by impulse buying and future purchase intention. Data from 538 respondents were collected using online survey and analysed using PLS-SEM. The results revealed that both emotional and rational UGC have a significant impact on tourists’ perceived values, which in turn strengthen impulse buying and future purchase intention. This study not only contributes to the tourism marketing literature by empirically examining the impacts of two forms of UGC on tourists’ organisms and responses, but also provides meaningful insights for tourism marketers to facilitate UGC to drive tourists’ perceived values and their subsequent behaviour.
Native American social work – Including family and community
Authors: Swanson Shanley , Nygård Reidunn H , Saus Merete
Published: July 2021

This study investigates family involvement and culturally informed social work in Native American communities. The study was conducted in Native American communities in Montana, USA. Twenty-three Native American social work professionals participated in qualitative interviews. Analyses draw on theory of historical trauma and family involvement in indigenous social. Throughout the study, indigenous methodology has been a central principle.

Findings

Among social workers, there is a common understanding that social work should involve family and community if it is to be culturally informed. Social work professionals talk of family involvement in indigenous social work as “common sense.” For the Native American social work professionals interviewed, the following tenets are all “common sense”: (1) family and community belonging are important aspects of Native American culture; 2) oppression and colonization had a negative impact on family, community, and tribal relations; and (3) social work has an obligation to restore family, community, and tribal relations.

Application

Social work has a responsibility to connect culture, trauma, and the resolution of trauma. Furthermore, family and community involvement plays a core part in restoration and resilience processes, healing historical trauma caused by the colonization. Hence, in order to provide culturally competent care, social work practices serving Native American clients should involve family and community. Mainstream social work does not sufficiently build on family involvement as an ideological foundation for qualitatively good social work. We argue that social work curricula impacting Native clients could benefit from the experience and knowledge of these Native American social workers.
Working with huacos: Archaeological ceramics and relationships among worlds in the Peruvian North Coast
Authors: Soares Débora L
Published: July 2021

This article proposes a multitemporal approach to the study of archaeological ceramics in the Peruvian North Coast through archaeological ethnography. It allows us to create a new perspective of a past that seems to be continuously brought back in the ritual practices of curanderos (shamans), and in the daily life of other subjects that interact with what archaeologists call archaeological artifacts. In the rituals of curanderos and in the practice of huaqueo, where archaeological ceramics are known as huacos, it is possible to see how these vessels come to life, performing within a complex meshwork of relationships which extend over different worlds, as well as human and other-than-human participation. This discussion provokes the reevaluation of the relationships among archaeological heritage, archaeological material, and archaeological practice itself. It also shows how past and present are related in this specific Andean context.