bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KUALITAS BSE DAN NON-BSE SAINS SD DENGAN SISTEM PENILAIAN BUKU TEKS SAINS
Authors: Jumanto Jumanto , Prasetyo Zuhdan Kun
Published: July 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbandingan kualitas Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) dengan non-BSE mata pelajaran sains untuk sekolah dasar. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah empat buah BSE sains SD, dan empat buah buku sains SD non-BSE. Instrumen dikembangkan dengan merujuk pada Science Textbook Rating System yang dibuat oleh Collette & Chiapetta, dan grafik keterbacaan Fry. Analisis data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan fasilitas program SPSS 17.0 for Windows, untuk menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan kualitas antara buku sains BSE dan non-BSE untuk sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil uji-t sebesar 0,564 dengan t-tabel sebesar 2,00 pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis awal dapat diterima. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kualitas antara buku sains BSE dan non-BSE untuk sekolah dasar.

Kata Kunci: kualitas, BSE, non-BSE, buku teks

 

AN ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF BSE AND NON-BSE SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS WITH SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

Abstract

This study aims to describe the comparison of the quality of Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) with non-BSE science textbooks for elementary schools. The subjects of this study were four BSE science textbooks for elementary schools, and and four non-BSE science textbooks for elementary schools. The instruments used in this study consisted of a questionnaire compiled by the researcher with reference to the Science Textbook Rating System made by Collette & Chiapettas, and Fry’s readability graph. The data were analysed using SPSS 17.0 for Windows, to know if there is any difference of quality between BSE and non-BSE science textbooks for elementary schools. The Technique of independent samples t-test shows the value of the T-test is 0.564 with t-table being 2.00 and the significance level of 5%. Based on that value, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore this study concludes that there is no difference in quality between the BSE and non-BSE science textbooks for elementary schools.
 Keywords: quality, BSE, non-BSE, textbooks
Association between C-reactive protein and normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Stojcic Milan , Hentova-Sencanic Paraskeva , Babic Dragan , Stojcic Biljana , Stojkovic Milenko , Zoric Lepsa
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a systemic inflammatory marker associated with risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some risk factors for CVD are associated with normal tension glaucoma (NTG), but the association between CRP and NTG has not been well defined yet. The aim of our study was to compare high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels in plasma between patients with NTG and normal controls. Methods. We studied 20 patients (4 males and 16 females) with the NTG diagnosis and compared their CRP values to those obtained in 25 controls (5 males and 20 females) with no ocular disease. Both groups had similar demographic parameters (age, sex, body mass index ? BMI) and similar vascular risk profile. Results. Plasma CRP levels were comparable between patients with NTG and controls (mean values 4.99 ? 0.77 mg/L, median 4.50 mg/L, range 2.50?18.90 mg/L and mean value 4.19 ? 0.30 mg/L, median 3.50 mg/L range 2.20?8.50 mg/L, respectively, p > 0.5. Conclusion. The results obtained in this study suggest that CRP levels are not altered in NTG patients.
Principal Aliphatic Secondary Amines of Burley Tobacco
Authors: Bush L.
Published: July 2016

Quantity and distribution of the principal aliphatic secondary amines - dimethylamine, methylethylamine, diethylamine, and methylpropylamine - varied within plant tissue and among Nicotiana spp. In Burley tobacco the stem tissue had the highest content of these amines and the leaf midrib the lowest. Leaf lamina, roots and seed were intermediate in amine content. Among Nicotiana spp. there was considerable difference in total amine content as well as among the ratios of the amine fractions measured. Amine content of tissue was positively correlated with nitrogen content of tissue and was altered by the drying process of tissue prior to analysis. The amines were not present as free amines or salts but were detected only following steam distillation from a basic medium
Electrophoretic Patterns of Soluble Proteins in Tobacco Leaf During Curing
Authors: Sheen S.J. , Townes B.I.
Published: July 2016

Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis revealed at least 13 anodic protein bands in leaf extracts of seven tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) strains representing Burley, Turkish, flue- and fire-cured types. Four major bands B, E, G, and J were common in all strains. Weak bands varied slightly in mobility and in number among tobacco types. Studies of cell fractions of Burley 21 leaves yielded information that bands A, C, D, G, and J are present in the cytoplasm, whereas all but bands B, E, L, and M appeared to be identical in the chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear extracts. The resemblance in protein banding pattern among the organelles indicates similarity in their membrane proteins. Bands B, E, L, and M are associated with plasma membrane or cell wall. During simulated air-curing, a majority of bands diminished by the tenth day, whereas bands B, E, and G remained highly intense and the concentration of band C was reduced in cured leaves. Bands B, E, and G reacted positively with the periodic-acid Schiff's reagent (PAS) but negatively with the colloidal ion staining. Trypsin digestion abolished protein bands stained with amido black or the PAS reagent. Results suggest that bands B, E, and G are neutral or weakly acidic glycoproteins
Unsere Mütter, Unsere Väter: War, Genocide and “Condensed Reality”
Authors: Wildermuth David
Published: July 2016

By most accounts, the March 2013 television event Unsere Mütter, Unsere
Väter (UMUV) marks an important milestone in the evolving cinematic treatment
of the Third Reich, World War II, and the Holocaust. Winner of the
Goldene Kamera for best television film of 2013, UMUV could boast such positive
reviews and sensational viewer ratings as few other television films in
the almost seventy-year existence of the Federal Republic. Frank Schirrmacher,
co-editor of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, credited the film with
ushering in “a new phase of the cinematic-historic treatment of National
Socialism,” specifically praising Nico Hofmann, the film’s producer, for his
“seriousness, attention to detail, and uncompromising” approach to the
film. The Süddeutsche Zeitung praised it as “epochal” and “awaking the war
in its entire monstrosity.” Der Spiegel lauded the film as “a new milepost of
German cultural remembrance,” for posing “the most important [entscheidende]
question for those born after: “how would I have acted?” Even
Martin Schulz, the German president of the European Parliament, weighed
in on the film, praising the film’s emphasis on the subjective perspectives of
the protagonists. His argument for the innate power of the cinematic
medium over the written word was echoed by screenwriter Stefan Kolditz,
who asserted that the film—like all films—represents, “condensed reality.”
Book Reviews
Authors: Berghahn Klaus , Dalton Russell , Verber Jason , Tobin Robert , Crawford Beverly , Luppes Jeffrey
Published: July 2016

Michael J. Bazyler and Frank M. Tuerkheimer, Forgotten Trials of the Holocaust (New York: New York University Press, 2014) - Reviewed by Klaus Berghahn

Mary Fulbrook and Andrew Port, eds. Becoming East German: Socialist Structures and Sensibilities after Hitler (New York: Berghahn Press, 2013) - Reviewed by Russell Dalton

Nina Berman, Klaus Mühlhahn, and Patrice Nganang, ed. German Colonialism Revisited: African, Asian, and Oceanic Experiences (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2014) - Reviewed by Jason Verber

Andrew Wackerfuss, Stormtrooper Families: Homosexuality and Community in the Early Nazi Movement (New York: Harrington Park Press, 2015) - Reviewed by Robert Tobin

Hans Kundnani, The Paradox of German Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014) - Reviewed by Beverly Crawford

Gavriel D. Rosenfeld, Hi Hitler! How the Nazi Past is Being Normalized in Contemporary Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015) - Reviewed by Jeffrey Luppes
Enhancement of Degradation and Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene via Supporting Palladium/Iron Bimetallic Nanoparticles onto Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Wei Jianjun , Qian Yajing , Wang Lutao , Ge Yijie , Su Lingyan , Zhai Debin , Wang Jiang , Wang Jing , Yu Jiang
Published: July 2016

This study is aimed to prevent the agglomeration of Pd/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles and thus improve the efficiency toward degradation and dechlorination of chlorinated organic contaminants. A mesoporous silica with a primary pore diameter of 8.3 nm and a specific surface area of 688 m2/g was prepared and used as the host of Pd/Fe nanoparticles. The Pd/Fe nanoparticles were deposited onto or into the mesoporous silica by reduction of ferrous ion and hexachloropalladate ion in aqueous phase. Batch degradation and dechlorination reactions of trichloroethylene were conducted with initial trichloroethylene concentration of 23.7 mg/L, iron loading of 203 or 1.91 × 103 mg/L and silica loading of 8.10 g/L at 25 °C. Concentration of trichloroethylene occurs on the supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles, with trichloroethylene degrading to 56% and 59% in 30 min on the supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles with weight percentage of palladium to iron at 0.075% and 0.10% respectively. The supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles exhibit better dechlorination activity. When the supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles with a weight percentage of palladium to iron of 0.10% were loaded much less than the bare counterpart, the yield of ethylene plus ethane in 10 h on them was comparable, i.e., 19% vs. 21%. This study offers a future approach to efficiently combine the reactivity of supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles and the adsorption ability of mesoporous silica.
Perfectionism, Coping, and Underachievement in Gifted Adolescents: Avoidance vs. Approach Orientations
Authors: Mofield Emily , Parker Peters Megan , Chakraborti-Ghosh Sumita
Published: July 2016

Perfectionism can influence how one approaches challenges and deals with setbacks, and, consequently, can inhibit or facilitate achievement. The present study (1) explored the relationship between Frost’s six dimensions of perfectionism and five types of coping strategies; (2) examined how dimensions of perfectionism predict coping in response to academic stress; and (3) investigated differences between gifted underachievers and other gifted students on perfectionism and coping among 130 American gifted students in grades 6–8. Results of stepwise regression models revealed approach coping was predicted by adaptive perfectionism (Positive Strivings-notably Organization), whereas avoidance coping (Internalizing, Externalizing, and Distancing) was predicted by various combined models. Gifted underachievers displayed lower Positive Strivings perfectionism scores and lower positive coping when compared to achievers. This information is helpful when considering ways to guide gifted students to high levels of academic achievement while utilizing adaptive approaches.
A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Interbeds on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Shale Formation
Authors: Zhao Zhiheng , Li Xiao , Wang Yu , Zheng Bo , Zhang Bo
Published: July 2016

To investigate how the characteristics of interbeds affect hydraulic fracture propagation in the continental shale formation, a series of 300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm concrete blocks with varying interbeds, based on outcrop observation and core measurement of Chang 7-2 shale formation, were prepared to conduct the hydraulic fracturing experiments. The results reveal that the breakdown pressure increases with the rise of thickness and strength of interbeds under the same in-situ field stress and injection rate. In addition, for the model blocks with thick and high strength interbeds, the hydraulic fracture has difficulty crossing the interbeds and is prone to divert along the bedding faces, and the fracturing effectiveness is not good. However, for the model blocks with thin and low strength interbeds, more long branches are generated along the main fracture, which is beneficial to the formation of the fracture network. What is more, combining the macroscopic descriptions with microscopic observations, the blocks with thinner and lower strength interbeds tend to generate more micro-fractures, and the width of the fractures is relatively larger on the main fracture planes. Based on the experiments, it is indicated that the propagation of hydraulic fractures is strongly influenced by the characteristics of interbeds, and the results are instructive to the understanding and evaluation of the fracability in the continental shale formation.
Indirect Load Control for Energy Storage Systems Using Incentive Pricing under Time-of-Use Tariff
Authors: Jeong Mu-Gu , Moon Seung-Il , Hwang Pyeong-Ik
Published: July 2016

Indirect load control (ILC) is a method by which the customer determines load reduction of electricity by using a price signal. One of the ILCs is a time-of-use (TOU) tariff, which is the most commonly used time-varying retail pricing. Under the TOU tariff, the customer can reduce the energy cost through an energy storage system (ESS). However, because this tariff is fixed for several months, the ESS operation does not truly reflect the wholesale market price, which could widely fluctuate. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes an incentive pricing method in which the load-serving entity (LSE) gives the incentive pricing signal to the customers with ESSs. Because the ESS charging schedule is determined by the customer through ILC, a bilevel optimization problem that includes the customer optimization problem is utilized to determine the incentive pricing signal. Further, the bilevel optimization problem is reformulated into a one-level problem to be solved by an interior point method. In the proposed incentive scheme: (1) the social welfare increases and (2) the increased social welfare can be equitably divided between the LSE and the customer; and (3) the proposed incentive scheme leads the customer to voluntarily follow the pricing signal.
Understanding the Contribution of Mining and Transportation to the Total Life Cycle Impacts of Coal Exported from the United States
Authors: Mutchek Michele , Cooney Gregory , Pickenpaugh Gavin , Marriott Joe , Skone Timothy
Published: July 2016

The construction of two marine bulk terminals in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States are currently under review and would open up additional thermal coal exports to Asia on the order of almost 100 million additional tonnes per year. The major exporters of coal to Asian markets include Indonesia and Australia. This life cycle analysis (LCA) seeks to understand the role of transportation and mining in the cradle-to-busbar environmental impacts of coal exports from the Powder River Basin (PRB) to Asian countries, when compared to the competitor countries. This LCA shows that: (1) the most significant greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts in the cradle-to-busbar life cycle of coal for power generation come from the combustion of coal in a power plant, even when 90% carbon capture is applied; (2) for non-GHG air impacts, power plant combustion impacts are less dominant and variations in upstream impacts (mining and transportation) are more important; and (3) when comparing impacts between countries, upstream impacts vary for both GHG and non-GHG results, but conclusions that rank countries cannot be made. Future research should include expansion to include non-air impacts, potential consequential effects of coal exports, and a better understanding around the characterization of non-GHG ocean transport impacts.
Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells: A Comparative Study
Authors: Di Lorenzo Chiara , Sangiovanni Enrico , Fumagalli Marco , Colombo Elisa , Frigerio Gianfranco , Colombo Francesca , Peres de Sousa Luis , Altindişli Ahmet , Restani Patrizia , Dell’Agli Mario
Published: July 2016

Raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) are dried grapes largely consumed as important source of nutrients and polyphenols. Several studies report health benefits of raisins, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, whereas the anti-inflammatory activity at gastric level of the hydro-alcoholic extracts, which are mostly used for food supplements preparation, was not reported until now. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of five raisin extracts focusing on Interleukin (IL)-8 and Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB pathway. Raisin extracts were characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis and screened for their ability to inhibit Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced IL-8 release and promoter activity in human gastric epithelial cells. Turkish variety significantly inhibited TNFα-induced IL-8 release, and the effect was due to the impairment of the corresponding promoter activity. Macroscopic evaluation showed the presence of seeds, absent in the other varieties; thus, hydro-alcoholic extracts from fruits and seeds were individually tested on IL-8 and NF-κB pathway. Seed extract inhibited IL-8 and NF-κB pathway, showing higher potency with respect to the fruit. Although the main effect was due to the presence of seeds, the fruit showed significant activity as well. Our data suggest that consumption of selected varieties of raisins could confer a beneficial effect against gastric inflammatory diseases.
Transient Heat Transfer in Radiant Floors: A Comparative Analysis between the Lumped Capacitance Method and Infrared Thermography Measurements
Authors: Baldinelli Giorgio , Bianchi Francesco , Rotili Antonella , Presciutti Andrea
Published: July 2016

The paper presents a simplified mathematical model to describe the transient heat transfer of a radiant floor heating system. A purpose-built test room has been realized to investigate the actual thermal response of a concrete radiant floor in unsteady-state conditions. Beyond the temperature sensors needed for the standard thermal analysis of the heat transfer inside the chamber, the floor temperature was retrieved by means of an infrared thermography camera, in order to validate more precisely the proposed analytical model. The infrared thermography analysis gives interesting information on the floor temperature distribution during the transient, highlighting the pipes’ layout and, if present, inhomogeneous floor zones. The thermal images have been elaborated in order to set and tune the colour map. A portion of the image has been defined for measuring the surface floor temperatures with a previous evaluation of the parameters dealing with the thermographic technique, in order to perform the quantitative survey. The comparison results show that the calculated air and floor temperatures substantially agree with the temperatures measured by infrared thermography and thermocouples, provided that the boundary conditions obtained by the field measurements are strictly reproduced in the lumped capacitance mathematical model. The difference between the two approaches results in values lower than 4 °C during the entire monitoring period: a satisfactory outcome, considering the approximations of the analytical method. The proposed model and its infrared thermography measurements validation represent a useful tool to understand at first sight the floor radiant panels behaviour in the start-up and switch off period, at the aim of gather useful information for the difficult task of their regulation.
High-Throughput Assessment of Drug Cardiac Safety Using a High-Speed Impedance Detection Technology-Based Heart-on-a-Chip
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Tianxing , Wang Ping , Hu Ning
Published: July 2016

Drug cardiac safety assessments play a significant role in drug discovery. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is one of the main reasons for drug attrition, even when antiarrhythmic drugs can otherwise effectively treat the arrhythmias. Consequently, efficient drug preclinical assessments are needed in the drug industry. However, most drug efficacy assessments are performed based on electrophysiological tests of cardiomyocytes in vitro and cannot effectively provide information on drug-induced dysfunction of cardiomyocyte beating. Here we present a heart-on-a-chip device for evaluating the drug cardiac efficacy using a high-speed impedance detection technology. Verapamil and doxorubicin were utilized to test this heart-on-a-chip, and multiple parameters of cardiomyocyte beating status are used to reveal the effects of drugs. The results show that drug efficacy or cardiotoxicity can be determined by this heart-on-a-chip. We believe this heart-on-a-chip will be a promising tool for the preclinical assessment of drug cardiac efficacy.
Microfluidic Approaches for Manipulating, Imaging, and Screening C. elegans
Authors: Gupta Bhagwati , Rezai Pouya
Published: July 2016

The nematode C. elegans (worm) is a small invertebrate animal widely used in studies related to fundamental biological processes, disease modelling, and drug discovery. Due to their small size and transparent body, these worms are highly suitable for experimental manipulations. In recent years several microfluidic devices and platforms have been developed to accelerate worm handling, phenotypic studies and screens. Here we review major tools and briefly discuss their usage in C. elegans research.
Quantitative Determination of Alkaloids in Lotus Flower (Flower Buds of Nelumbo nucifera) and Their Melanogenesis Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Morikawa Toshio , Kitagawa Niichiro , Tanabe Genzoh , Ninomiya Kiyofumi , Okugawa Shuhei , Motai Chiaki , Kamei Iyori , Yoshikawa Masayuki , Lee I-Jung , Muraoka Osamu
Published: July 2016

A quantitative analytical method for five aporphine alkaloids, nuciferine (1), nornuciferine (2), N-methylasimilobine (3), asimilobine (4), and pronuciferine (5), and five benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, armepavine (6), norarmepavine (7), N-methylcoclaurine (8), coclaurine (9), and norjuziphine (10), identified as the constituents responsible for the melanogenesis inhibitory activity of the extracts of lotus flowers (the flower buds of Nelumbo nucifera), has been developed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The optimum conditions for separation and detection of these 10 alkaloids were achieved on a πNAP column, a reversed-phase column with naphthylethyl group-bonded silica packing material, with CH3CN–0.2% aqueous acetic acid as the mobile phase and using mass spectrometry equipped with a positive-mode electrospray ionization source. According to the protocol established, distributions of these 10 alkaloids in the petal, receptacle, and stamen parts, which were separated from the whole flower, were examined. As expected, excellent correlations were observed between the total alkaloid content and melanogenesis inhibitory activity. Among the active alkaloids, nornuciferine (2) was found to give a carbamate salt (2′′) via formation of an unstable carbamic acid (2′) by absorption of carbon dioxide from the air.
A Quantitative Method for Long-Term Water Erosion Impacts on Productivity with a Lack of Field Experiments: A Case Study in Huaihe Watershed, China
Authors: Lin Degen , Guo Hao , Lian Fang , Gao Yuan , Yue Yaojie , Wang Jing’ai
Published: July 2016

Water erosion causes reduced farmland productivity, and with a longer period of cultivation, agricultural productivity becomes increasingly vulnerable. The vulnerability of farmland productivity needs assessment due to long-term water erosion. The key to quantitative assessment is to propose a quantitative method with water loss scenarios to calculate productivity losses due to long-term water erosion. This study uses the agricultural policy environmental extender (APEX) model and the global hydrological watershed unit and selects the Huaihe River watershed as a case study to describe the methodology. An erosion-variable control method considering soil and water conservation measure scenarios was used to study the relationship between long-term erosion and productivity losses and to fit with 3D surface (to come up with three elements, which are time, the cumulative amount of water erosion and productivity losses) to measure long-term water erosion. Results showed that: (1) the 3D surfaces fit significantly well; fitting by the 3D surface can more accurately reflect the impact of long-term water erosion on productivity than fitting by the 2D curve (to come up with two elements, which are water erosion and productivity losses); (2) the cumulative loss surface can reflect differences in productivity loss caused by long-term water erosion.
What Is the Bioeconomy? A Review of the Literature
Authors: Bugge Markus , Hansen Teis , Klitkou Antje
Published: July 2016

The notion of the bioeconomy has gained importance in both research and policy debates over the last decade, and is frequently argued to be a key part of the solution to multiple grand challenges. Despite this, there seems to be little consensus concerning what bioeconomy actually implies. Consequently, this paper seeks to enhance our understanding of what the notion of bioeconomy means by exploring the origins, uptake, and contents of the term “bioeconomy” in the academic literature. Firstly, we perform a bibliometric analysis that highlights that the bioeconomy research community is still rather fragmented and distributed across many different fields of science, even if natural and engineering sciences take up the most central role. Secondly, we carry out a literature review that identifies three visions of the bioeconomy. The bio-technology vision emphasises the importance of bio-technology research and application and commercialisation of bio-technology in different sectors of the economy. The bio-resource vision focuses on processing and upgrading of biological raw materials, as well as on the establishment of new value chains. Finally, the bio-ecology vision highlights sustainability and ecological processes that optimise the use of energy and nutrients, promote biodiversity, and avoid monocultures and soil degradation.
Les contrats de mariage à Douai du XIIIème au XVème siècle, reflets du droit et de la vie d'une société urbaine
Authors: Mestayer Monique
Published: July 2016

Cette étude faite sur 145 actes choisis parmi les 5625 contrats de mariage passés à Douai par devant les échevins entre 1260 et la fin du XVIème siècle permet de mesurer l'évolution du droit matrimonial aux XIIIème et XIVème siècles, en 1374-1375, en 1400 et en 1500. L'étude présente la structure de ces actes, l'étude de leurs principales clauses (apports des époux, clauses résolutoires en cas de décès, éducation des enfants, engagements et obligations réciproques, avoués) accompagnée de nombreuses citations et en tire les conclusions sur un plan juridique et social. Ces contrats par la variété et la souplesse de leurs clauses suivaient l'évolution juridique de la société que la coutume a ensuite figée ; ils montrent aussi une structure familiale très moderne (parents plus enfants) très éloignée de la famille patriarcale et adaptée à une société déjà très urbanisée.
Industrie et société à Douai au XIXème siècle
Authors: Gillet Marcel
Published: July 2016

Marcel Gillet, "Industrie en maatschappij te Douai in de XIXe eeuw".

Dit artikel is het werk van verscheidene jonge chercheurs en baseert zich eveneens op het onderzoek die de auteur heeft gedaan over de steenkoolmijnen van Noord-Frankrijk in de XIXe eeuw.

In het midden van de XIXe eeuw hebben de ontdekking en de ontginning van de verlenging van het koolmijnbekken van Noord-Frankrijk, niet onmiddelijk de impakt gehad op de industrie en de maatschappyvan Douai, die men had verwacht.

Het is pas op het einde van de XIXe eeuw dat de stad en de maatschappij van Douai een waarlijke verandering kennen.
Evergétisme et construction urbaine dans les Trois Gaules et les Germanies
Authors: Frézouls Edmond
Published: July 2016

De financiering van de stadsbouw is alleen bekend door de inscripties van de weldoeners (evergeten). Er zijn er niet zoveel, maar 300, voor de drie Gallische en de Germaanse provincies en ze zijn op een onregelmatige manier verspreid, maar toch geven deze inscripties heel wat inlichtingen over bv. de sociale afkomst van de stichters, vooral burgelijke of militaire notabelen, soms gemeenschappen ; over het nogal variërende maar steeds grote belang van de godheden — eerder Grieks-Romeinse dan plaatselijke of Oosterse — aan wie de bouw wordt opgedragen, en het belang ook van de keizer en zijn domus ; verder over de bouw zelf — het aantal gewijde gebouwen neemt toe, waar het aantal burgerlijke gebouwen afneemt en dat geldt van Aquitanië tot de Germaanse provincies ; nieuwbouw overweegt in Belgica, Gallië Lugdenensis en Opper-Germanië, met een hoog percentage bijgebouwen in Aquitanië en herbouw in de Germaanse provincies. Zeldzame opgaven van de uitgaven — de bouwkosten, de stichting voor het onderhoud, uitdelingen bij de inwijding — tonen aan dat het soms om grote bedragen ging en dat de gewoonten van streek tot streek verschilden (stichtingen in Belgica en de Germaanse provincies, uitdelingen alleen in Gallië Lugdenensis). Het individuele beeld van elke provincie kan bijdragen tot de kennis van de sociale structuur en het openbare leven en ook van de omstandigheden en het ritme van de urbanisatie.
Les accès au forum de Bavay vers l'Est et vers le Sud : état de la question
Authors: Boucly Jean Louis
Published: July 2016

Le dossier des accès au forum de Bavai vers l'Est et le Sud s'est enrichi de nombreuses données nouvelles.

Si l'on ignore encore presque tout sur les solutions adoptées au premier siècle, on connaît à présent avec assez de précision celles qui furent mises en œuvre au début du me, lors de la reconstruction de la cité et de son forum.

Terre-plein, promenoir, terrasse couverte d'un portique dominaient les rues voisines et créaient un vaste décor d'inspiration théâtrale dont l'architecture, tout en restant fonctionnelle, unissait intimement l'Ensemble Monumental aux quartiers environnants.
Recherches archéologiques à Cassel (Nord), Castellum Menapiorum I-II
Authors: Hanoune Roger , Muller Arthur
Published: July 2016

Study of all previous documents on the defence works erected on the Mont Cassel mound : it looks as though part ot the wall, especially its western side, had been dug out in the XIXth century. Presentation of a 1983 boring which begins to bring again to light these remnants and which reveals a recent wall and two other presumably more ancient ones (mediaeval and Gallo-Roman ?).
A propos d'une coupe en argent trouvée en Gaule : remarques sur une technique particulière dans l'orfèvrerie romaine
Authors: Baratte François
Published: July 2016

The « Cabinet des Médailles » owns a little silver mug found in Gaul, ornamented with groups of fighting animals. What makes these designs particularly characteristic is their being in part at least fashioned apart and only later on welded to the sides of the object. This sophisticated technique is testified only for very few items of the Roman production, but is fairly usual in Sassanian workmanship. Yet is seems hardly possible to acknowledge an eastern influence over the Roman silversmiths'trade.
Antiquités africaines dans les collections du Nord
Authors: Hanoune Roger
Published: July 2016

Examen de quelques objets provenant d'Afrique du nord au Musée de Saint-Omer : une mosaïque d'Hippone que sa facture et un rapprochement avec une mosaïque de Besançon rendent très suspecte ; de la céramique de la région de Sousse (Hadrumète) en Tunisie, d'époque romaine (une urne cinéraire avec un tube à voûte transformé en tube à libations) et surtout d'époque punique (brûle-parfum, amphore).
Le problème linguistique dans l'affaire du Vicus Helena
Authors: Le Bourdellès Hubert
Published: July 2016

Le Vicus Helena fut indiqué par Sidoine Apollinaire pour un événement de 450 environ ; le poète latin y plaçait une escarmouche entre Romains et Francs. Le mot Helina appartient à une série de noms de cours d'eau et de lieux repérables entre la Westphalie et la France du Nord. C'est le premier témoignage daté de l'implantation toponymique franque en Gaule.

Il est préférable d'identifier ce Vicus Helena avec Elnon-Saint-Amand sur le cours de la rivière Elnon.
Chronique numismatique (III)
Authors: Delmaire Roland
Published: July 2016

Losse vondsten van romeinse muten in het Noorden (Brunemont, Fressain, Fressies) en de Pas-de-Calais (Bazinghem, Boulogne, Dury, Fiefs, Harnes, Le Portel, Magnicourt-en-Comté, Marquise, Rollancourt, Tarding- hem) ; onuitgegeven schat van de inc eeuw gevonden in de buurt van Vron ; fragment van een schat van de XIVe eeuw in Douai.
Bailleul et sa première révolution ou les facteurs du changement (7 mars 1789 - 7 juillet 1792)
Authors: Lemarié Jocelyn
Published: July 2016

Het eerste deel van deze studie behandelt de situatie in 1789, de complexe plaatselijke structuren, de politieke en ekonomische patstelling en de ingeboren gehechtheid aan dé traditie. In het tweede deel toont men dat de conflictbronnen uit de 18de eeuw in de période van de Staten Generaal en tijdens de eerste verkiezingen tot uitbarsting komen. De rechtbank van de baljuw en de nabijheid van de grens spelen een grote roi. De stad zoekt een eigen identiteit en geeft de indruk de veranderingen te aanvaarden tot de schok komt van de burgerlijke constitutie van de geestelijkheid. Dat veroorzaakt een oproer op 1 en 2 juni 1791- Daarna is de politieke wereld in twee onverzoenbare kampen verdeeld : een conservatieve groep -de latere contrarevolutionairen- die alleen de terugkeer naar de tijd van de vrije «goede stad» wenst, en een andere groep die de stad ziet als een element in de nationale revolutie en een deel van de natie. Het uit de hand lopen van de contrarevolutie en de aktie van het département hebben als gevolg dat de stad tenslotte opteert voor een eigen weg die verschilt van wat in Kassel gebeurt.
Une «affaire» de vente de bien national en Boulonnais : l'abbaye de Beaulieu
Authors: Herbert-Lamps Marie-Paul
Published: July 2016

The sale of church property decreed by the «Constituante» on 2 November 1789, opened the way to many abuses.

In the Boulogne area, in Ferques and Elinghen, the Beaulieu's Abbey estate fed many controversies between the city authorities and the local farmer, Mr Coze. This latter made an offer immediately after the transfer to the nation of all Church properties was decreed. The Coze family won the auction. In spite of the evidence put forward by the cities of Ferques and Elinghen that false declarations had been made regarding the area put for sale, that the Boulogne district had embezzled a part of the settlement for its own sake... Eventually all that was to no avail. Even after they had called Isnard, the distinguished citizen member of the National Assembly, for help victory escaped them.

An order that should have benefited the whole nation was thus diverted from its aim and only contributed to strengthen the power of a «disguting aristocracy» as Ferques and Elinghen proclaimed.
Le personnel médical de l'hôpital militaire de Lille, 1789-1815
Authors: Gérard Alain
Published: July 2016

De geschiedenis van het gebouw is voldoende bekend, maar men weet weinig of niets over het leven van de artsen, chirurgen en apotekers die er werkten tijdens de Revolutie en het Keizerrijk. In deze studie probeert men een zo volledig mogelijke lijst op te stellen.

Het blijkt dat er in deze zeer belangrijke instelling steeds behoorlijk competent personeel is geweest, dat niet alleen de medische opdracht aankon, maar ook een pedagogische, namelijk het geven van lessen ook aan de burgerbevolking. De gezondheidsofficieren waren blijkbaar goed geintegreerd, zowel in de medische wereld van de stad, als bij de burgerbevolking.
La Merlinade ou Le Merlin- Mortier-Poutre. Réponse des habitants des provinces conquises à la lettre-circulaire des sieurs Merlin, Mortier, Poutre, leurs députés à Paris.
Authors: Schumacher Jean-Louis
Published: July 2016

Dit pamflet is een kritiek op een brief waarin het werk van de Constituante verdedigd werd, en die verscheen in de Moniteur op 10 december 1789. Aan het woord zijn vier katholieke en koningsgezinde afgevaardigden uit het Noorden, die anoniem blijven. Zij betwisten de wettelijkheid van de Constituante, die verder is gegaan dan er in de klachtenbrieven gevraagd werd en stellen de behandeling van de koning aan de kaak.

Geen enkele hervorming vindt genade in hun ogen. De afschaffing van de tienden en vrijlenen speelt alleen in de kaart van de grootgrondbezitters en de parvenus. De verdwijning van het feodaal stelsel brengt de luxenijverheid in gevaar. De gerechterlijke hervorming brengt mee dat er geen gerecht meer is in de dorpen. De oude Staten waren beter dan de verkozen vergaderingen en gemeenteraden. Het opheffen van het exclusief jachtrecht maakt dat er meer stropers zijn. De assignaten trekken de inflatie aan. De militaire en rechtskundige hervormigen betekenen voor veel mensen een verlies.

Tegen de geest van een stelsel met verkozenen stellen de auteurs een pragmatische aanpak. Zij zijn niet blind voor het bestaan van misbruiken en zijn zo eerder onrevolutionair dan contrarevolutionair.
Contre André Dumont : dénonciations et polémiques
Authors: Legrand Robert
Published: July 2016

André Dumont, conventionnel, a été en mission dans son département, la Somme à partir de juillet 1793. En juillet 1794, le Comité de législation est habilité à collecter les nombreuses dénonciations adressées contre les députés et représentants en mission. Trois dénonciations ont été adressées contre Dumont, celui-ci fait également l'objet d'attaques lorsqu'il devient thermidorien «prononcé». Ces dénonciations et ces polémiques sont présentées et expliquées ici, ce qui donne quelques vues sur le caractère et les activités de ce représentant.
Au Tribunal criminel du Nord : le jugement des «magistrats» municipaux nommés sous l'occupation autrichienne de 1793-1794
Authors: Robinet René
Published: July 2016

De excessen van de buitengewone rechtbanken, het revolutionaire trinunaal te Cambrai, of de militaire commissie te Valenciennes, brengen mee dat men spijtig genoeg de gematigheid en de démentie in de gewone rechtspraak uit het oog verliest. Het tribunaal voor criminele zaken van Douai, dat sedert 1792 met een jury gekozen uit een lijst van burgers werkte is daarvan een voorbeeld.

Op 10 oktober 1794 wordt een tweede sectie van dit tribunaal opgericht, belast met het veroordelen van personen die tijdens de bezetting een publiek ambt bekleed hadden en die door het dekreet van 7 September 1793 vogelvrij verklaard werden.

Men kan niet zeggen dat de voorzitter, citoyen Duhot, met aile middelen aile gemeentelijke officieren die de vijand in de bezette gemeenten benoemd had deed opzoeken : 188 personen, uit 34 gemeenten, werden geoordeeld, 183 werden vrijgesproken en een ter dood veroordeeld.
Prêtres et serments en Cambrésis. Notes sur le Clergé paroissial du district de Cambrai et sur Martin-Joseph Bracq, curé de Ribecourt et député aux Etats généraux
Authors: Deregnaucourt Gilles , Palczynski Géry
Published: July 2016

Het aanvaarden van de eed van 1791, en van de later geëiste eden, bleef in een provincie waarin de Romeinse geest van het concilie van Trente zo sterk was, als de Cambresis, een geïsoleerd fenomeen. De houding van dit handvol constitutionele priesters is dus des te merkwaardiger. Het leven van Martin- Joseph Bracq, pastoor van Ribécourt, licenciaat théologie en recht, advokaat bij het parlement te Parijs, afgevaardigde van de geestelijkheid van het baljuwschap Kamerrijk in de Staten-generaal, is in een zekere mate een voorbeeld van de motivering van deze priesters, die waarschijnlijk een verschillend kerkbeeld huldigden maar die ook de speelbal waren van nationale en lokale omstandigheden.
P.-C.-F. Daunou, organisateur de l'Instruction Publique (1789-1797)
Authors: Grevet René
Published: July 2016

P.C.F. Daunou was among the major specialists of the questions of education during the Revolutionary period. In 1789-90, he proposed alterations aimed at changing and «regenerating» the traditional school system which was to be, to his mind, placed under the tutelage of the public authorities. After 1793, Daunou abandoned the notion of a national education in favour of that of public instruction. His «Essai» counts among the most important projects for the school of the time. For example he developed in it the idea that the State shouldn't organise and support all the school grades, but only take care of the primary schools. A few staterun secondary schools and a system of scholarchips reduced the scope of his educative liberalism. Part of these options appeared in the 3 Brumaire IV order, allso called the Daunou Act. Firmly atteched to the freedom of choice in education and to the freedom of charge for elementary school pupils, the former Boulogne Oratorian, had, because of the impecuniosity of the national treasury, to restrain his generous ambitions.
Les maisons d'éducation particulière dans le nord de la France pendant la Révolution 1789-1802
Authors: Marchand Philippe
Published: July 2016

In récente studies over het secundair onderwijs tijdens het revolutionaire decennium wordt het bestaan, in 1789, en het lot van de spéciale onder- wijsinstellingen verwaarloosd. De auteur beschrijft de evolutie van het net opvoedingsgestichten in Noord-Frankrijk (Nord en Pas-de-Calais) van 1789 tot 1802 rekening houdend met de politieke toestand en de betref fende wetgeving. De Revolutie breekt de bloei niet. De opvoedingsgestichten groeien dank zij de achteruitgang van de kolleges in 1790-1791. Er worden er een paar geopend door priesters die de eed weigeren. En zo worden zij verdacht voor de overheid, wat in de herft 1791 leidt tot een vijandige campagne met verdachtmakingen i.v.m. de vaderlandsliefde van de verantwoordelijken, die een hoogtepunt bereikt in 1793-1794. Maar dank zij de verzoenende houding van de gemeenten kunnen de scholen overleven. Vanaf 1795 kennen deze instellingen een grote uitbreiding dank zij de libérale beschikkingen van de grondwet van het jaar III en van het dekreet Lakanal. In 1802 is het een bloeiend net geworden.

De spéciale opvoedingsgestichten hebben dus tijdens de Revolutie hun sociale nut, dat zij op het einde van het Ancien Régime al hadden, bevestigd. Het sukses komt niet alleen voor uit pedagogische innovatie, maar evenzeer uit de verwerping van het door de republikeinse staat voorgestelde onderwijsmodel.
Eloges de Bassenge. Un révolutionnaire liégeois dans la chanson et la poésie de son temps
Authors: Droixhe Daniel
Published: July 2016

La Révolution liégeoise, qui éclate le 18 août 1789 après plusieurs années d'opposition virulente au prince-évêque Hoensbroech, a produit une abondante littérature de circonstance, en français et en dialecte. On examine si l'image du meneur Nicolas Bassenge, comparée à celle d'autres chefs de la rebellion, reflète non seulement l'évolution du conflit avec le pouvoir, de la bataille d'idées vers la résistance militaire, mais aussi certaines tensions inhérentes à la dynamique révolutionnaire. Contestataire précoce (depuis 1781) et «conscience des patriotes», Bassenge incarnera une tendance modérée mais fermement attachée à la démocratie républicaine, ce qui l'écartera de la scène politique sous le Consulat et l'Empire. La chanson -instrument de mobilisation et de propagande plus ou moins avouée- avait commencé par exalter la violence. On rêvait de la punition des tyrans (plutôt dans les pièces dialectales) ; on s'engageait à mourir pour le pays (en français). En parallèle à la crainte d'une restauration se développe celle de 1' «effervescence» populaire et des «mutins», surtout lors des troubles des 6 et 7 octobre 1789 (mort de Painsmay ; attentat contre Chestret). Les textes envisagés montrent le souci de maintenir le changement dans les bornes de ce que la traduction appelle une «heureuse Révolution».
A propos du chapitre XXXVIII du polyptyque de Montier-en-Der. Aperçu sur la structure et le fonctionnement d'un grand domaine du IXe au XIIIe siècle
Authors: Bur Michel
Published: July 2016

L'histoire de la villa demeurant encore aujourd'hui très obscure, il a paru utile, pour éclairer sur la longue durée la structure et le fonctionnement d'un grand domaine, de rassembler toute la documentation narrative ou diplomatique relative à celui de Vauciennes (Marne) entre le IXe et le XIIIe siècle. Il se trouve que ce domaine appartenait à l'abbaye de Montier-en-Der et qu'il figure au chapitre 38 de son polyptique. L'examen de cette documentation éclaire non seulement l'histoire de la villa, mais il permet de poser quelques questions sur la date et le contenu du polyptyque.
Le temporel de l'abbaye d'Hélecine au XIIe siècle : un piège pour les Norbertins
Authors: Despy Georges
Published: July 2016

Bij de Norbentijnerabdijen in het graafschap Brabant, in de XIIe eeuw, neemt de abdij van Opheylissem een aparté plaats in. De stichting en de vorming van haar temporaal past niet bij het tradionele beeld van de triomfantelijke inplanting van de Norbertijnen : slechts enkele parochies voor de cura animarum of tienden ontvangen van de de plaatselijke heren en een paar curtes met een veestapel en graanproduktie. Dit ailes heeft te maken met de vêle aanspraken op de streek, namelijk van de hertog van Brabant, de prinsbisschop van Luik en de graaf van Namen. Deze studie brengt aan het licht dat de grote domeinen in het oostelijk deel van het «roman pays» omstreeks 1 100 wegens de demografische expansie en de uitbreiding van bewerkte gronden uiteenvallen in nieuwe wooncentra met dochterkerken en buurtkapellen. Er ontstaan nieuwe toponiemen en nieuwe heffingen die de expansie van de landbouwekonomie tussen 1100 en 1200 werspiegelen.
Le Moyen Age a-t-il connu des communautés rurales silencieuses et soumises ?
Authors: Sivéry Gérard
Published: July 2016

A la différence des communautés rurales des zones de grands défrichements ou de villages anciens qui ont une part importante de leurs terroir tardivement mis en valeur, les habitants de villages de plateaux au sol meuble, favorables aux céréales, cultivés depuis fort longtemps et terrains d'élections des villae avec l'association réserves-tenures, n'ont pas de chartes écrites et se refusent pendant toute la fin du Moyen Age à la mise par écrit de leurs coutumes malgré les injonctions des pouvoirs publics. Ces communautés rurales n'en sont pas pour autant «silencieuses» et les témoignages de la juridiction gracieuse échevinale ainsi que les franches vérités suffisent à le prouver. Habitués depuis si longtemps à la présence d'un maître, ces villageois ne font pas de longs procès à leur seigneur qui choisit d'ailleurs les échevins parmi les plus aisés d'entre eux.
Les «abbés démocrates»
Authors: Mayeur Jean-Marie
Published: July 2016

This paper aims at providing an overall view of the «democratif priests» movement in latter XIXth century years France. The manifestations, the ideas, the scale of the movement are considered. Moved by aspirations all at once religious and missionary, social, in the wake of Rerum Novarum, political, along the lines of the «Ralliement», the democratif priests witness the birth of a new clerical figure.