bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NECROTIZING SKIN AND SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS: CURRENT STATUS. A CASE-BASED REVIEW
Authors: Vashchuk Vsevolod , Kyryk Taras , Kulyaba Nazar , Kulyaba Oleg , Kushnirchuk Mykola
Published: January 2025

Necrotizing skin and soft-tissue infections (NSTI) is an urgent surgical pathology. NSTI are potentially life-threatening and disabling infections. It has an insidious onset, rapid onset of symptoms, and a high fatality rate.
Objectives: to review all aspects of care for patients with NSTI; to present one's own clinical observations on the results of treatment of patients with NSTI.
Materials and methods. We applied information, bibliographic and analytical methods of analysis and search in international medical information electronic databases, data of our own results of implementation of modern diagnostic algorithms and search for current clinical guidelines for the treatment of the specified group of patients with NSTI.
Results. The main reasons for the unsatisfactory clinical results of treatment of patients with NSTI are: late diagnosis due to atypical symptoms of the disease and the lack of unambiguous manifestations of NSTI in the early stages of the disease.
Qualified clinicians experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of NSTI can make full use of NSTI early diagnosis tests. Scales for early diagnosis of NSTI are based on general clinical non-specific laboratory markers. We presented the main views on epidemiological, clinical and laboratory NSTI; modern treatment algorithms are critically analyzed and personal experience of clinical work with the case of NSTI is presented. Also, the authors identified promising directions for further research based on an objective assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of diagnosis and treatment of NSTI.
Conclusions. NSTI is an actual problem of modern surgery soft tissue infections. NSTI is characterized by a tendency to generalization, hyporeactive manifestations in patients and polyresistant polymicrobial etiology. Immunosuppressive status often occurs in patients with NSTI. Early diagnosis, urgent antibacterial therapy, aggressive surgical treatment, joint work of surgeons and intensive care physicians are the cornerstone for achieving positive clinical results in NSTI. Prediction scales (LRINEC, SIARI, Wall) are important components of early diagnosis of NSTI. These scales should be used with caution in the decision-making process. Ultimately, the diagnosis of NSTI is determined by the surgeon's awareness and ability to perform early intervention. Adequate surgical intervention and adequate antibiotic therapy can reduce the mortality rate in NSTI.
IMMUNOLOGICAL DETECTION OF HUMAN HERPES VIRUS 6 IN SERA OF IRAQI PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: Saadoun Nisreen Jasim , Saady Rana Aboud
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that infects and destroys the central nervous system (CNS). Many variables influence the start of multiple sclerosis disease. MS was thought to be mostly caused by viral infection, particularly infections with the human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and other viruses.
Aim: the goal of the present study is to estimate the role of human herpesvirus-6 infection as a trigger factor for multiple sclerosis disorder and the role of some proinflammatory cytokine in early detection of this disorder.
Material and Methods: We measured the titer of IgM, IgG Ab for human herpesvirus-6 and proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), between October 2023 and February 2024, in the 90 blood samples that were drawn from individuals aged 13 to 75. The medical personnel of Dr. Saad Al-Witry Hospital for Neurosciences provided diagnoses for these patients. We divided the subjects into 3 groups: the first group included 27 patients who suffered from multiple sclerosis with HHV-6 infection, the second group included 33 patients who suffered from multiple sclerosis without HHV-6, and the third group included 30 people who appeared to be in good health. We used the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technology to perform measurements.
Results: The statistical analysis showed a significant increase (P≤0.01) in anti-HHV-6 IgM and IgG antibodies in the sera of patients with MS diseases and HHV-6 compared to the control group. There was also a significant increase (P≤0.01) in MS subjects without HHV-6 compared to the control group. Additionally, the statistical analysis of TNF-α level revealed a highly significant difference between MS patients with HHV-6 and those without HHV-6 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the statistical analysis showed a significant elevation (P≤0.01) in interleukin-6 (IL-6) in sera of patients with MS and HHV-6 compared to the control group and in MS subjects without HHV-6 compared to the control group.
Conclusion: According to the current research, HHV-6 infection may be a major factor in MS
Germanium oxidation state and substitution mechanism in Ge-rich sphalerite from MVT deposits: constraints from X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and geometry optimization
Authors: Niu Pan-Pan , Jiang Shao-Yong , Muñoz Manuel , Bonnet Clément , Mathon Olivier , Boiron Marie-Christine , Wei Hai-Zhen , Xiong Suo-Fei
Published: January 2025

Sphalerite is a crucial host mineral for germanium (Ge) resources worldwide. However, the oxidation state (+2 or +4) of Ge and its substitution mechanism in sphalerite remain subjects of ongoing debate. The Huize and Maoping deposits are the largest and second largest Pb-Zn-Ge deposits in the MVT metallogenic province in Southwest China, respectively. Four types of Ge-rich sphalerite have been identified within these two deposits: C1-Huize, C3-Huize, C1-Maoping, and C5-Maoping. This study employs synchrotron-based microscale X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-XAFS) methods, including X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-EXAFS) methods, to investigate the Ge distribution, oxidation state, and neighboring atomic environment within the Huize and Maoping Ge-rich sphalerite for the first time. The findings suggest that the orporation of Ge4+ and Cu+ into sphalerite occurs at varying Cu/Ge molar ratios, depending on the availability/concentration of Cu in the sphalerite (i.e., Cu/Ge ≥ 2). On the other hand, Ge2+ and Ge4+ coexist when Ge and one vacancy (□) substitute for Zn in sphalerite. These different types of Ge substitutions influence the position of Zn atoms in the second neighboring atomic shell in the structure, while they have minor effects on the location of S atoms in the first neighboring atomic shell. The presence of vacancies strongly affects Zn atoms in the second neighboring atomic shell when coupled with Ge substitution in sphalerite, resulting in smaller interatomic distances and significant structural disorder (Debye-Waller factor). Additionally, two Cd2+ ions are required to co-replace two Zn2+ ions to fill the structural defects caused by vacancies. In contrast, the substitution of Cu+ and Ge4+ for two Zn ions results in a more ordered spatial structure, which is not distinctly controlled by the Fe content of sphalerite. Based on the characterization of the Ge oxidation state and local structure, we redefined the Ge substitution mechanisms inferred from element correlations: (1) Ge4+ + 2Cd2++□(vacancy) → 4Zn2+ and Ge2+ → Zn2+ in C1-Huize; (2) Ge4+ + 2Cu+ → 3Zn2+ in C3-Huize and C1-Maoping; and (3) 3Cu+ + As3+ + Ge4+ → 5Zn2+ in C5-Maoping. This study not only elucidates the distribution of Ge in different valence states but also unveils its true spatial structure in sphalerite. These findings have significant implications for investigating Ge substitution and enrichment mechanisms in sphalerite.
Factor extraction in exploratory factor analysis for ordinal indicators: Is principal component analysis the best option?
Authors: Kaçak Tugay , Kılıç Abdullah Faruk
Published: January 2025

Researchers continue to choose PCA in scale development and adaptation studies because it is the default setting and overestimates measurement quality. When PCA is utilized in investigations, the explained variance and factor loadings can be exaggerated. PCA, in contrast to the models given in the literature, should be investigated in categorical/ordered, severely skewed data, and multidimensional structures. The purpose of this study is to compare the relative bias and percent correct estimation of PCA, PAF, and MINRES techniques with Monte Carlo simulations. In Monte Carlo simulations sample size, level of skewness, number of categories, average factor loadings, number of factors, level of inter-factor correlation and test length were manipulated. The results show that PCA overestimates most models with lower average factor loadings, but PAF and MINRES provide unbiased results even with low factor loadings. PAF and MINRES produce more accurate and impartial results, and it is projected that PCA will lead researchers to believe that the items in scale development or adaptation studies are of "high quality."
The Mediating Effects of Chemyon (Face) Sensitivity and Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness in the Effect of Marital Attachment on Sexual Behavior
Authors:   Korean Assoc Fam Ther, Lim Eunyoung , Chung Hyejeong
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study examines the mediating effects of chemyon (face) sensitivity and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness in the relationship between marital attachment and sexual behavior among married individuals. Methods: Data were collected through online surveys from married men and women whose first child is in elementary school, considering factors such as gender, age, region, income, and education level (N=380). Results: The analysis showed differences in marital attachment and sexual behavior by gender. Second, correlation analysis indicated positive correlations among all variables except for three relationships: attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety, sexual deactivation and sexual hyperactivation, and attachment avoidance and sexual hyperactivation. Third, mediation analysis revealed that ambivalence over emotional expressiveness was a mediator only in the relationship between attachment avoidance and sexual behavior. In contrast, both chemyon sensitivity and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and sexual behavior, including sequential mediation effects. Conclusions: This study offers significant insights for family therapy and counseling by exploring the mediating roles of Chemyon sensitivity and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness in the influence of marital attachment on sexual behavior.
A Review of Changes in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: the emergence of new perspectives and approaches
Authors:   Korean Assoc Fam Ther, Choi Jungjin , Jang Saelom
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) has been changed through inductive development over the past 40 years since it first appeared in the 1980s. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the approach. Methods: This study reviewed the seminal works dealing with changes in SFBT. The research questions were as follows: 1) How has SFBT changed; and 2) What are the theoretical and practical implications of the changes, especially in recent years? Results: In this study, two major trends in the changes were noticed. The first trend is one of traditional approaches that pursue the developmental minds of the developers, such as Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg. Another trend suggests the new generation of SFBT has appeared and made some significant progress in the literature. Conclusions: Various changes taking place in the broader SFBT camp were confirmed. SFBT is continuously undergoing changes due to the nature of the inherent inductive development process. Therefore, SFBT therapists should give more attention to these changes that are now underway within the broader camp of the model.
A Qualitative Study on the Composition of the Self of the Therapist: Focusing on narrative therapist
Authors:   Korean Assoc Fam Ther, Park Jung-Wan , Choi YounShil
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the composition and essential meaning of the ‘self of the therapist,’ which therapists consciously and purposefully utilize within therapeutic relationships. Methods: To achieve this objective, data from in-depth interviews with eight professional narrative therapists were analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological research method to systematically explore the composition of the therapist’s self. Results: The analysis revealed that the “Self-of-the-Therapist (SOT)” in narrative therapy consists of 35 meaning units, five sub-components, and one primary component. For narrative therapists, the “Self-of-the-Therapist” is comprised of professional competence, attitudes aligned with the fundamental philosophy of the therapist and the therapeutic model, therapist characteristics, and the therapist’s life experiences. Therapists employ this self as a therapeutic tool by consciously reflecting on it according to the therapeutic context. Conclusions: The findings of this study have significance in that they reveal the core factors of the therapist’s self as a therapeutic tool, providing insights into key elements for marital and family therapists and suggesting directions for therapist education.
Efeito dos fatores conjunturais e empresariais no sentimento do investidor: evidências do mercado brasileiro
Authors:   , Miranda Mariza Camila de
Published: January 2025

O presente estudo objetivou evidenciar o efeito dos fatores conjunturais e dos fatores
empresariais no sentimento do investidor das empresas pertencentes à Bolsa de Valores do
Brasil no período de 2009 a 2021. Para atingir tal propósito, a respeito do delineamento
metodológico, o trabalho classificou-se como de natureza aplicada; descritivo e explicativo
quanto ao seu objetivo; bibliográfica e documental quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, e em
relação à abordagem do problema, como quantitativo. A população do estudo é composta por
todas as empresas de capital aberto pertencentes à B3 - Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão, totalizando em
345 empresas. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio dos dados anuais do período que
compreendeu os anos de 2009 a 2021 das empresas componentes da população estudada. As
informações pertinentes aos demonstrativos contábeis foram coletadas pelo banco de dados
Economática®. O índice de sentimento do investidor foi elaborado a partir da técnica de análise
de componentes principais, em que foram incorporadas ao índice as variáveis: número de
ofertas de IPOs e Follow-on, proporção de altas e baixas, prêmio de dividendos e participação
de investidores individuais no volume financeiro de negociação da B3. Com o constructo
elaborado, avaliou-se sua relação com os fatores conjunturais e empresariais, em que foram
observadas e realizadas inferências acerca dos movimentos destas variáveis face à intensidade
do sentimento do investidor no mercado acionário. Os resultados apontaram que os fatores
empresariais Q de Tobin, ROE, Tamanho e Tangibilidade, e o fator conjuntural Inflação foram
os mais significativos em poder explicativo e em influência para com o índice de sentimento
do investidor. Na análise setorial, destacam-se os setores de Utilidade Pública, Outros,
Comunicações, Materiais Básicos e Financeiro. Conclui-se que os fatores conjunturais se
mostram mais relevantes para as empresas dos setores da B3, em detrimento aos fatores
empresariais. O estudo contribui na compreensão sobre fatores que influenciam a ocorrência de
momentos otimistas, permitindo aos tomadores de decisão considerá-los quando avaliarem
setores para investir no mercado de capitais brasileiro.
A prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout de profissionais bancários do estado do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors:   , Oliveira Rayssa Cleide de
Published: January 2025

No Brasil, a síndrome de burnout (SB) vem afetando em média 30% dos mais de 100 milhões
dos trabalhadores em todo país. Este cenário não difere no setor bancário, devido à grande
pressão que há nessas organizações, principalmente pelo alcance de metas. Dessa forma, fatores
sociodemográficos e funcionais podem contribuir para o surgimento ou agravamento da SB.
Nesse ínterim, resta aos profissionais desse setor encontrar estratégias de defesa que possam
mitigar o sofrimento causado por esses fatores. Pelo exposto, o objetivo desse estudo é verificar
a relação da SB com as variáveis sociodemográficas, funcionais e uso de estratégias de defesas
de profissionais do setor bancário do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Para tanto, foi realizado
uma pesquisa descritiva, do tipo survey, com abordagem quantitativa. 262 bancários
responderam ao Questionário Sociodemográfico e Funcional e ao Maslach Burnout Inventory
– General Survey, disponibilizados no Google Forms. 51,2% dos respondentes não
apresentaram um nível alto em nenhuma das três dimensões da SB; 35,7% apresentaram altos
escores em apenas uma dimensão; 10,9% apresentaram um alto escore em duas dimensões e
2,3% obtiveram um escore alto nas três dimensões. As estratégias de defesas mais utilizadas
por esses bancários é a racionalização, seguida da negação, da passividade e por último do
individualismo. Com base nas análises de regressão logística realizadas para cada uma das
dimensões da SB, verifica-se que o uso das estratégias de individualismo e de negação são
significativas para predizer as dimensões exaustão emocional e despersonalização e a variável
sexo para predizer a dimensão reduzida realização profissional. De posse destes dados, esperase
que este estudo alerte os gestores das instituições bancárias para investirem na saúde física e
mental de seus profissionais. Além disso, atende a uma lacuna identificada na literatura; uma
vez que o tema sobre a relação da síndrome de burnout no setor bancário ainda se encontra
escassa. Pelo exposto, pode trazer uma contribuição tanto em termos práticos quanto teóricos.
Tolerância ao risco financeiro e resiliência organizacional: um estudo com gestores de pequenos empreendimentos do Nordeste
Authors:   , Lima Joyce Silva Soares de
Published: January 2025

A pandemia do novo coronavírus gerou uma crise em todo o conjunto econômico, aumentando o desemprego e a inflação. Essa crise provocou medidas como o isolamento social e o fechamento de mercado, a qual causou impacto direto nas empresas em geral. Uma vez que as organizações buscam se adaptar às variabilidades ocorridas no mercado ao longo do tempo, tal aspecto vai depender de como as organizações monitoram, compreendem e abordam os riscos que enfrentam. Ao enfrentar o risco, o indivíduo pode render-se ou superá-lo, assumindo então um comportamento que poderia se afirmar como resiliente. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal investigar a relação entre tolerância ao risco financeiro e resiliência organizacional nos gestores de pequenos empreendimentos da região Nordeste. Para tanto, como metodologia foi aplicado um questionário por meio de uma pesquisa survey com o uso das escalas de Tolerância ao Risco e de Resiliência Organizacional para investigar sua relação, tendo como foco os gestores de pequenos empreendimentos da região Nordeste. Os dados foram analisados por meio de Estatísticas Univariadas, Estatísticas Bivariadas e Estatísticas Multivariadas: Análise de Cluster e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Como principais resultados, achou-se que a maioria dos gestores possuem uma tolerância ao risco financeiro média ou alta, ou seja, são indivíduos que se engajam em situações de risco. No que se refere às relações entre as dimensões da Resiliência Organizacional e a Tolerância ao Risco Financeiro, os resultados indicaram uma relação diretamente proporcional entre a categoria Capacidade de Adaptação e Tolerância ao Risco Financeiro. Em relação à dimensão Planejamento, os dados indicam não haver diferenças significativas entre os gestores com diferentes níveis de tolerância ao risco. Por fim, com relação a correlação entre as variáveis, os resultados apontaram maiores correlações nos indicadores Recursos internos e Liderança para a categoria Capacidade de Adaptação. Já para a categoria Planejamento, o indicador que apresenta maior correlação com a Tolerância ao risco é o indicador Participação em exercícios. De forma geral, para o construto Resiliência Organizacional, os resultados apontaram maiores correlações no indicador Inovação e criatividade.
Iatrogén elektromos égések tanulságai
Authors: Haba Gergő , Péter Zoltán , Erdei Irén , Jenei Kluch Lenke , Szegedi Andrea , Juhász István
Published: January 2025

A modern sebészetben szinte minden esetben alkalmazunk valamilyen magas frekvenciájú, elektrosebészeti eszközt, amelynek elektrotermikus hatása révén célzott szöveti roncsolást érünk el. A műtét közben keletkező elektromos áram kiváltotta égési sérüléseknek három fő lehetséges oka lehet. Tüzet okozhat a beteg lemosásakor alkalmazott gyúlékony antiszeptikum lángra lobbanása, égéshez vezethet a bőr nem tervezett érintkezése az elektrosebészeti műszerrel, valamint leggyakoribb ok a monopoláris eszköz helytelen használata, ami általában a neutrális elektróda hibás érintkezésének a következménye. Iatrogén, elektromos áram okozta égések bár ritkán fordulnak elő (irodalom szerint sporadikus) jelentőségük semmiképpen nem elhanyagolható. Ezen elektromos sérülések gyakran mély, a bőr valamennyi rétegét érintő harmadfokú égések. Elektromos sérülések révén az égésekkel kapcsolatos általános megfontolások mellett minden esetben gondolni kell a „felszín alatti” hatásaikra is. Nem elhanyagolható pszichésen megterhelő hatásuk sem. Mindezek mellett az operáló intézetet érintő jogi következményekkel is gyakran számolni kell. Cikkünk három intraoperatíve létrejött elektromos égési sérülést mutat be. Célunk az ellátás három alternatív lehetőségének bemutatása (negatív nyomású sebkezelés (NPWT) és félvastag bőr átültetés; lebenyképzés; necrectomiát követő primer zárás), a műtétet követő hegkezelés és eredményeinek bemutatása, a „sebészeti-team” figyelmének felhívása ezen elkerülhető sérülésekre.
Analisis Ketimpangan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan Metode Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Najaa Frischa Larasati  , Nurul Fauziyyah  , Risky Anugrah
Published: January 2025

Abstrak—Jawa Tengah merupakan provinsi paling miskin yang kedua di Jawa setelah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Provinsi ini juga memiliki Upah Minimum Provinsi (UMP) terendah di Indonesia yaitu sebesar Rp1.958.169 pada tahun 2023. Kemiskinan yang tinggi ini erat kaitannya dengan tingginya angka pengangguran yang berdampak pada tingginya kriminalitas dan rendahnya produktivitas. Angka pengangguran yang tinggi ini disebabkan karena rendahnya pendidikan, keahlian, dan lapangan kerja yang terbatas.  Hal ini tentunya akan menghambat perputaran roda perekonomian di Indonesia sehingga dalam usaha pengentasan kemiskinan diperlukan pengelompokkan tingkat kemiskinan provinsi di Jawa Tengah untuk mengetahui kabupaten/kota yang layak mendapatkan prioritas penanganan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis menggunakan kota/kabupaten di Jawa Tengah serta indikator kemiskinan yaitu Garis Kemiskinan (GK), Persentase Penduduk Miskin (PPM), Indeks Keparahan Kemiskinan (P2), Indeks Kedalaman Kemiskinan (P1), Distribusi Pengeluaran Berdasarkan Kriteria Bank Dunia (40% bawah), Jumlah Pengangguran, Rata-Rata Lama Sekolah (RLS), dan Harapan Lama Sekolah (HLS). Pengelompokkan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). Dalam penelitian ini, metode pengelompokan AHC dilakukan menggunakan metode single linkage, metode complete linkage, dan metode average linkage. Analisis cluster ini ditujukan untuk mengelompokkan kota/kabupaten yang paling mirip sifatnya dengan kota/kabupaten lain yang terletak dalam cluster yang sama. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada dua cluster yang berbeda berdasarkan tingkat kemiskinan, yaitu cluster 1 merupakan tingkat tinggi sebanyak 31 kabupaten/kota dan cluster 2 merupakan tingkat rendah sebanyak 4 kota.
KAJIAN TEORI : IMPLEMENTASI PERMAINAN CONGKLAK BERBASIS VIRTUAL REALITY PADA MATERI PELUANG
Authors: Vena Ulya Maulida  , Fajri Yulia Inayatil
Published: January 2025

Abstrak—Pendidikan memiliki peran penting dalam menghadapi era society 5.0 untuk meningkatkan kualitas generasi unggul yang berkarakter. Peserta didik di era society 5.0 diharapkan mampu memiliki kecakapan abad-21 yang dikenal dengan istilah 6C, yakni character, citizenship, creativity, communication, collaboration, dan critical thinking. Dengan demikian, pendidik dapat memanfaatkan empat hal dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajaran peserta didik di era society 5.0, yaitu Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), dan Artificial Intelligence (AI). Oleh karena itu, tujuan studi ini yaitu untuk mengetahui penerapan permainan tradisional yaitu congklak berbasis Virtual Reality (VR) dalam menunjang pembelajaran matematika pada materi peluang. Metode penulisan yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur dengan kajian teori yang relevan. Hasil studi ini adalah adanya penerapan permainan congklak yang berbasis Virtual Reality (VR) dalam menunjang pembelajaran matematika pada materi peluang.
Estimasi Signifikansi Model Perekonomian Melalui Kegiatan Ekspor Barang dan Jasa di Indonesia pada Tahun 1966-2021: Pendekatan Error Correction Model
Authors: Saputra Okky Rizky , Ayu Rizqi Kintan , Abdul Wahid Muhammad Luqman , Putri Shabrina Amara , Dyah Ayu Kuswara Charisa
Published: January 2025

Nilai ekspor suatu negara merupakan salah satu aspek yang paling penting dalam menjalankan roda perekonomian di negara terebut. Peningkatan atau penurunan nilai ekspor pastinya akan disebabkan oleh beberapa aspek. Oleh karena itu, pembuatan paper ini untuk melihat aspek mana yang memengaruhi nilai ekspor barang dan jasa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitaif dan teknik pendekatan Error Correction Model (ECM). Beberapa data variabel pastinya diambil dari word bank dengan periode tahun 1966-2021. Kesimpulan dari pendekatan ECM ini yaitu nilai inflasi barang dan jasa, nilai konsumsi barang dan jasa, ataupun nilai tukar memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor barang dan jasa dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Tetapi untuk indeks harga konsumen terdapat inkonsisten output dalam jangka panjang walaupun jangka pendek.
Penggunaan Matriks Adjency Dalam Penyandian Pesan Menggunakan Algoritma Electronic Code Book
Authors: Saputri Maura Delva , Hafif komarullah  , Rizqy Amalia Nurfadila
Published: January 2025

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi memberikan kemudahan dalam segala aspek. Hal tersebut tentu harus diimbangi dengan peningkatan keamanan pesan. Kriptografi mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam kasus ini. Paper ini mengusulkan modifikasi kunci algoritma Electronic Code Book (ECB) menggunakan matriks ketetanggan (adjency) pada graf. Matriks ketetanggan setiap kelas memiliki karakterisasi yang unik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh bahwa modifikasi kunci algoritma Electronic Code Book (ECB) menggunakan matriks ketetanggaan pada graf mempunyai tingkat keamanan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan  algoritma Electronic Code Book (ECB) pada umumnya.
Contribution of Travelers to Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in South West Delhi, India: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Savargaonkar Deepali , Srivastava Bina , Yadav Chander Prakash , Singh Mrigendra Pal , Anvikar Anup , Sharma Amit , Singh Himmat , Sinha Abhinav
Published: January 2025

Background

India is committed to malaria elimination by the year 2030. According to the classification of malaria endemicity, the National Capital Territory of Delhi falls under category 1, with an annual parasite incidence of <1, and was targeted for elimination by 2022. Among others, population movement across states is one of the key challenges for malaria control, as it can result in imported malaria, thus introducing local transmission in an area nearing elimination.

Objective

This descriptive study attempts to assess the contribution of such imported Plasmodium vivax cases to the malaria burden in South West Delhi (SWD).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out at the fever clinic of the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Malaria Research in SWD from January 2017 to December 2019. Demographic and travel history data were recorded for all P vivax confirmed malaria cases diagnosed at the fever clinic. Vector and fever surveys along with reactive case detection were conducted in SWD and Bulandshahr district of Uttar Pradesh, 1 of the 6 geographical sources for a high number of imported malaria cases.

Results

A total of 355 P vivax malaria cases were reported during the study period. The proportion of imported cases was 63% (n=222). Of these, 96% (n=213) of cases were from Uttar Pradesh. The distribution of malaria cases revealed that imported cases were significantly associated with travel during the transmission season compared with that in the nontransmission season. Entomological and fever surveys and reactive case detection carried out in areas visited by imported P vivax malaria cases showed the presence of adults and larvae of Anopheles species and P vivax parasitemia.

Conclusions

Population movement is a key challenge for malaria elimination. Although additional P vivax infections and vector mosquitoes were detected at places visited by the imported malaria cases, the inability to detect the parasite in mosquitoes and the possibility of relapses associated with P vivax limit the significance of malaria associated with the travel. However, there remains a need to address migration malaria to prevent the introduction and re-establishment of malaria in areas with very low or 0 indigenous cases.
Effect of eHealth Interventions on Body Image of Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review
Authors: Huang Guohong , Wu Rongrong , Xu Xiuzhi , Song Yongxia , Zheng Rong , Chen Xi , Hong Jingfang
Published: January 2025

Background

Body image issues are prevalent among individuals diagnosed with cancer, leading to detrimental effects on their physical and psychological recovery. eHealth has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the body image of patients with cancer.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions on body image and other health outcomes (quality of life, physical symptoms, and emotional distress) among patients with cancer. In addition, the acceptability, engagement, and challenges of eHealth interventions were also assessed.

Methods

A total of 11 databases were searched, encompassing PubMed; Embase; Web of Science; MEDLINE (via Ovid); Scopus; the Cochrane Library; CINAHL (via EBSCO); OpenGrey; and 3 prominent Chinese repositories: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Wanfang Database, and China VIP Database. The search dates were from the inception of the database to September 25, 2024. The inclusion criteria for this study encompassed research that used randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiments (QEs) to examine the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for patients with cancer. The methodological quality of RCTs and QEs was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Evaluation Checklist, respectively. The review adhered to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO.

Results

There were 3548 studies reviewed, and 7 studies were selected. Three studies were RCTs and 4 were QEs, involving a total of 512 patients. Evidence of efficacy for eHealth interventions targeting body image and other health outcomes (physical symptoms and emotional distress) was mixed. Nevertheless, our findings indicate that there was no notable enhancement in quality of life resulting from eHealth interventions. A total of 5/7 (71%) studies reported the acceptability of eHealth interventions among patients with cancer, and patients perceived eHealth interventions as acceptable. However, the difficulty of operating the software, determination of the most effective course of treatment, and time constraints emerged as the primary challenges associated with electronic interventions.

Conclusions

The implementation of eHealth interventions has the potential to enhance body image, physical symptoms, and emotional distress in patients with cancer. Researchers should undertake more rigorous experiments in the future to elucidate the effectiveness of eHealth and address pertinent concerns.
Business Venturing in Regulated Markets—Taxonomy and Archetypes of Digital Health Business Models in the European Union: Mixed Methods Descriptive and Exploratory Study
Authors: Weimar Sascha Noel , Martjan Rahel Sophie , Terzidis Orestis
Published: January 2025

Background

Digital health technology (DHT) has the potential to revolutionize the health care industry by reducing costs and improving the quality of care in a sector that faces significant challenges. However, the health care industry is complex, involving numerous stakeholders, and subject to extensive regulation. Within the European Union, medical device regulations impose stringent requirements on various ventures. Concurrently, new reimbursement pathways are also being developed for DHTs. In this dynamic context, establishing a sustainable and innovative business model around DHTs is fundamental for their successful commercialization. However, there is a notable lack of structured understanding regarding the overarching business models within the digital health sector.

Objective

This study aims to address this gap and identify key elements and configurations of business models for DHTs in the European Union, thereby establishing a structured understanding of the archetypal business models in use.

Methods

The study was conducted in 2 phases. First, a business model taxonomy for DHTs was developed based on a systematic literature review, the analysis of 169 European real-world business models, and qualitative evaluation through 13 expert interviews. Subsequently, a 2-step clustering analysis was conducted on the 169 DHT business models to identify distinct business model archetypes.

Results

The developed taxonomy of DHT business models revealed 11 central dimensions organized into 4 meta-dimensions. Each dimension comprises 2 to 9 characteristics capturing relevant aspects of DHT business models. In addition, 6 archetypes of DHT business models were identified: administration and communication supporter (A1), insurer-to-consumer digital therapeutics and care (A2), diagnostic and treatment enabler (A3), professional monitoring platforms (A4), clinical research and solution accelerators (A5), and direct-to-consumer wellness and lifestyle (A6).

Conclusions

The findings highlight the critical elements constituting business models in the DHT domain, emphasizing the substantial impact of medical device regulations and revenue models, which often involve reimbursement from stakeholders such as health insurers. Three drivers contributing to DHT business model innovation were identified: direct targeting of patients and private individuals, use of artificial intelligence as an enabler, and development of DHT-specific reimbursement pathways. The study also uncovered surprising business model patterns, including shifts between regulated medical devices and unregulated research applications, as well as wellness and lifestyle solutions. This research enriches the understanding of business models in digital health, offering valuable insights for researchers and digital health entrepreneurs.
Business Venturing in Regulated Markets—Taxonomy and Archetypes of Digital Health Business Models in the European Union: Mixed Methods Descriptive and Exploratory Study (Preprint)
Authors: Weimar Sascha Noel , Martjan Rahel Sophie , Terzidis Orestis
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Digital health technology (DHT) has the potential to revolutionize the health care industry by reducing costs and improving the quality of care in a sector that faces significant challenges. However, the health care industry is complex, involving numerous stakeholders, and subject to extensive regulation. Within the European Union, medical device regulations impose stringent requirements on various ventures. Concurrently, new reimbursement pathways are also being developed for DHTs. In this dynamic context, establishing a sustainable and innovative business model around DHTs is fundamental for their successful commercialization. However, there is a notable lack of structured understanding regarding the overarching business models within the digital health sector.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to address this gap and identify key elements and configurations of business models for DHTs in the European Union, thereby establishing a structured understanding of the archetypal business models in use.

METHODS

The study was conducted in 2 phases. First, a business model taxonomy for DHTs was developed based on a systematic literature review, the analysis of 169 European real-world business models, and qualitative evaluation through 13 expert interviews. Subsequently, a 2-step clustering analysis was conducted on the 169 DHT business models to identify distinct business model archetypes.

RESULTS

The developed taxonomy of DHT business models revealed 11 central dimensions organized into 4 meta-dimensions. Each dimension comprises 2 to 9 characteristics capturing relevant aspects of DHT business models. In addition, 6 archetypes of DHT business models were identified: administration and communication supporter (A1), insurer-to-consumer digital therapeutics and care (A2), diagnostic and treatment enabler (A3), professional monitoring platforms (A4), clinical research and solution accelerators (A5), and direct-to-consumer wellness and lifestyle (A6).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings highlight the critical elements constituting business models in the DHT domain, emphasizing the substantial impact of medical device regulations and revenue models, which often involve reimbursement from stakeholders such as health insurers. Three drivers contributing to DHT business model innovation were identified: direct targeting of patients and private individuals, use of artificial intelligence as an enabler, and development of DHT-specific reimbursement pathways. The study also uncovered surprising business model patterns, including shifts between regulated medical devices and unregulated research applications, as well as wellness and lifestyle solutions. This research enriches the understanding of business models in digital health, offering valuable insights for researchers and digital health entrepreneurs.
Effectiveness of AI-Based Platform in Administering Therapies for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 12-Month Clinical Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Atturu Harini , Naraganti Somasekhar , Rao Bugatha Rajvir
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

A 12-month longitudinal observational study was conducted on 43 children aged 2-18 years to evaluate the effectiveness of the Cognitivebotics AI-based platform in conjunction with continuous therapy, in improving therapeutic outcomes for subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective was to assess user engagement, assess the software's ability to log daily progress and evaluate efficacy using established clinical parameters across multiple domains.

METHODS

Participants were divided into intervention and control groups and assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS), Developmental Screening Test (DST), and Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Test (REEL), at baseline (T1) and at the endpoint (T2).

RESULTS

Subjects in the intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvements across multiple scales, with reductions in CARS scores and gains in social, developmental metrics (social age, social quotient, developmental age, and developmental quotient), and language scores.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the platform was an effective supplement in enhancing therapeutic outcomes for children with ASD. This platform holds promise as a valuable tool for augmenting ASD therapies across cognitive, social, and developmental domains. Future development should prioritize expanding the product's accessibility across various languages, ensuring cultural sensitivity, and enhancing user-friendliness.

CLINICALTRIAL

CTRI/2023/06/054257
Digitizing Cognitive Function Assessment through Smartphone Integration with a Deep Learning Model for Scoring the Intersecting Pentagon (Preprint)
Authors: Yu Chun-Yen , Ma Wei-Ming , Liao Yi-Ze , Zhu Jun-Ding , Kao Chia-Hsiang , Tsai Shih-Jen , Fuh Jong-Ling , Yang Albert
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Cognitive function assessment is pivotal for evaluating neurodegenerative disorders. Traditional assessments like the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are clinician-administered and can be time-consuming. Machine learning offers potential advantages in accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility for these assessments.

OBJECTIVE

To develop and validate a deep learning-based approach for digitizing and automating the scoring of the intersecting pentagon test, and to integrate the model into a smartphone application for efficient and accessible cognitive assessments of neurodegenerative disorders.

METHODS

The 926 scanned MMSE records for this study were obtained from the geriatric psychiatry and neurology outpatient clinic at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan. The MMSE paper test data was processed, particularly focusing on the intersecting pentagon item, which was then converted into a standardized image format. Various deep learning models based on convolutional neural networks were trained on this data. Additionally, the model was integrated into a smartphone application, allowing real-time assessment.

RESULTS

The analysis identified a significant correlation between the intersecting pentagon score and key variables including age, years of education, and overall MMSE score, alongside most MMSE sub-items. The MobileNet model emerged as the most effective for scoring the intersecting pentagon, achieving a F1 score of 0.92 with recall and precision rates of 0.96 and 0.89, respectively. Furthermore, it showed a mean absolute error of 2.22 and a R-squared of 0.87 when predicting MMSE scores based on the pentagon drawing, age, and years of education.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the benefits of applying deep learning to digitize the MMSE, particularly through automated scoring of the intersecting pentagon test. By integrating demographic information, we've shown a deep learning approach to predict MMSE scores solely based on the pentagon drawing. The model's integration into a smartphone app underlines the practicality of digital tools in cognitive assessments, enhancing accessibility and efficiency in evaluating neurodegenerative disorders.
Assessment of the risk of rapid progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Denova L.D. , Ivanov D.D.
Published: January 2025

Background. All over the world, chronic kidney di­sease (CKD) is a global problem. Prevention of CKD development, as well as the rapid progression of CKD, are the priority tasks of modern nephrology. A decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of more than 5 ml/min/1.73 m2/year is considered rapid progression of CKD. The purpose of the study was to assess the risk of rapid progression of CKD in patients with stage 1–3 CKD by determining urinary albumin (uAlb)/urinary uromodulin (uUmod) ratio and comparing the obtained results with eGFR and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in these patients. ­Materials and methods. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 46) — individuals with stage 1–3 CKD who had a CCI ≤ 2, group 2 (n = 45) — patients with stage 1–3 CKD who had CCI ≥ 3, and group 3 (n = 32) — people without CKD risk factors and wi­thout symptoms of kidney damage. Results. The results of the study showed that the linear regression between uAlb/uUmod and eGFR in groups 1 and 2 is statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the first group, the correlation coefficient (R) between uAlb/uUmod and eGFR is –0.295. In the second group, the correlation coefficient between uAlb/uUmod and eGFR is –0.32 — there is an average inverse relationship. ­Conclusions. If the ratio of uAlb/uUmod is more than 0.94, there is a risk of rapid progression of CKD. There is a need for further research in this direction to increase the effectiveness of predicting the rapid progression of CKD.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERISATION AND OPTIMISATION OF NATURAL ARGAN OIL MICROEMULSION FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY
Authors: OUHADDOUCH HIND , ALIAT ZINEB , LAATIRIS ABDELKADER , CHERKAOUI NAWAL , FAHRY AICHA , RAHALI YOUNES , EL ALAOUI YASSIR
Published: January 2025

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop, optimize and characterize a stable microemulsion of Moroccan cosmetic Argan oil.
Methods: In this work, microemulsion system was studied by the construction of phase diagrams using titration method. At first, various surfactants (Brij56®, Tween 80®, Solutol®, Tween 20® and Labrasol®) and various weight ratio surfactant/cosurfactant (1:0, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1) were tested to select the optimal surfactant and concentration to use. The microemulsions with tween80 were evaluated with different techniques using various parameters such as droplet size, transmittance, viscosity and pH. Stability studies of these microemulsions were conducted for 8 w at 5 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C, and underwent centrifugation at 3000 rpm and ultracentrifugation at 10,000 rpm.
Results: The largest microemulsion formation area was achieved for the microemulsions containing Tween 80/PEG 400 at a ratio of 3:1. The obtained microemulsions M1 to M12 were homogeneous. More the percentage of PEG 400 increases, more the pH of the preparations and their viscosity decreases, while preparations with a high oil content have low transmittance. Thermodynamic and physical stability shows that only samples with a minimum of 31.5% of Tween 80 and a maximum of 9% of oil showed good stability.
Among the stable preparations, M11 (9% O, 10% W and 40.5/40.5% S/Cos) was the formula which exhibited properties such as transparency, soft acidic pH and low viscosity, making it suitable for cutaneous use.
Conclusion: The use of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams allows for the development of an optimal microemulsion with perfect stability.