bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Kinsto it Frysk ferstean?’
Authors: Belmar Guillem , Pinho Sara
Published: June 2020

West Frisian is a minoritized language spoken in the province of Fryslân, in the Netherlands. It has been said to be converging with Standard Dutch (seeDe Haan, 1997;Nerbonne, 2001), and it has been found to be largely intelligible for speakers of regional language varieties in the Netherlands, such as Low Saxon or Limburgish for example (see, for instance,De Vries, 2010).

In this research, we tested how much Frisian native speakers of Dutch can actually understand, as well as the degree of difficulty of each type of task. An online test was designed (N = 225) to measure the intelligibility of both written and spoken Frisian. The results seem to indicate that West Frisian is highly intelligible for Dutch native speakers, which we argue should be used to enrich the school curriculum and foster receptive skills in the minoritized language (seeFonseca, 2012;Belmar, 2019b), which could in turn boost its use.
Language loss and language gain in Amazonia
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y.
Published: June 2020

The Amazon Basin is renowned for its high linguistic diversity. The history of Amazonian languages has been marred with language extinction and loss ever since the European conquest. Newly emergent varieties of the national languages – Portuguese and Spanish – bear the substratum influence of the indigenous languages. In many Amazonian languages, the necessity of always marking how the speaker knows things and being precise is linked to the obligatory category of evidentiality – grammatical marking of information source. In numerous varieties of Amazonian and Andean Spanish, a pragmatic convention to state the information source accounts for the evidential overtones of dizque across South America, where it has become an established feature of language varieties transmitted to children.
Interrogative intonation in monolingual Amazonian Spanish
Authors: Elias-Ulloa Jose Alberto
Published: June 2020

This article studies the interrogative intonation of Peruvian Amazonian Spanish spoken by monolinguals in the cities of Pucallpa and Iquitos. Despite the fact that the varieties have different linguistic substrata and that they are located hundreds of miles apart, both behave alike intonationally. In contrast to other varieties of Spanish, they have a strong preference for a rising-pitch accent with an early peak that occurs in both pre-nuclear and nuclear positions. When the rising-pitch accent with a late peak occurs, it is restricted mostly to the first non-nuclear position. The results also confirm Garcia’s (2011) finding about the existence of a rising-pitch accent with an extended peak in Pucallpa Spanish. Both dialects employ four heights in their tonal boundaries.
When humour backfires
Authors: Maíz-Arévalo Carmen
Published: June 2020

The present study stems from previous work on self-presentation in Whats­App users’ profile status. However, its main goal is to gauge other users’ reactions to Whats­App “humorous” statuses. In other words, do other users find statuses intended as humorous “funny”? To this purpose, the methodological approach adopted is both quantitative and qualitative. For the quantitative stage, a survey was carried out where participants were presented with eight statuses intended (as reported by their creators) to be humorous. These eight statuses represented both male and female Whats­App users (four each) as well as different strategies to construct humour (e.g., intertextuality, wordplay, absurdity). After piloting the survey, it was launched online, and 142 participants carried it out. Findings show that humour does not always lead to the desired effect and can indeed trigger negative evaluations and/or perplexity on other interlocutors. As a result, the user’s intended self-presentation as a witty, funny individual fails to hit its target and may contribute to other users’ negative perception of their persona.
Implementing Task-basedlanguage teaching in an Asian context
Authors: Nguyen Thi Anh , Jaspaert† Koen
Published: June 2020

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) has increasingly been used in an Asian context. However, research into its implementation in Vietnam remains scarce. This study aims to investigate the effects of a task-based intervention on learners’ performance of listening, reading, speaking and writing tasks compared to the effects of a more traditional teaching method (TTM), which is based on form-focused instruction in combination with the Presentation-Practice-Production method. Through a pretest-posttest design, the researcher can measure the effects of the two settings on learners’ progress. The results show that the participants in the TBLT setting outperformed the participants in the TTM setting for speaking, listening and writing, but not for reading. The results of this study will encourage more research in the field of TBLT implementation in Vietnam.
The footnote in Late Modern English historiographical writing
Authors: Claridge Claudia , Wagner Sebastian
Published: June 2020

An aspect distinguishing historical from other narration is the historiographers’ engagement with sources and other scholars, which shows as intertextuality in the text. A prominent intertextual device is the (foot)note, which originates around 1700 (Grafton 1997: 191) and whose institutionalised presence separates older, literary historiography from the more modern scholarly type and with regard to frequency of use also history from other humanities research (Koskela and Männikkö 2009: 155). A footnote may simply be used to provide a reference, the origin of information and thus evidence. Additionally this evidence may be further commented on. If there is more or other content than a reference, the text-note coherence relationship can be described by adapting the Hallidayan (clause) expansion types of elaboration, extension and enhancement. The exploratory study further shows that positioning of self and others within the historiographical discourse community can be done via stance devices in the footnote text.
Paratextual features in 18th-century medical writing
Authors: Lonati Elisabetta
Published: June 2020

This study focusses on the paratextual apparatus of 18th-century medical writing, with specific reference to tables of contents, indexes, appendices and glossaries in handbooks and compendia published in the second half of the century. The analysis, carried out on a sample of relevant works of the period, investigates both the layout (structural organisation on the page), and language issues (use of English to convey meaning). In particular, the relationship between the type and function of the paratext, along with the systematisation of contents through language are at the core of the discussion. The results of the analysis highlight the relevance of basic and complex paratextual patterns in medical writing. The interaction of layout and language frames medical contents for the reader (front matter), whereas back matter expands the main text by mapping connections and dependencies (indexes), adding lists of medicines and remedies (appendices), and explanatory terminology (glossaries).
Noun phrases in other-repetitions
Authors: Lindström Jan K. , Huhtamäki Martina , Londen Anne-Marie
Published: June 2020

This study examines noun phrases in a specific sequential context: other-repetitions in Swedish conversation, including everyday as well as institutional interaction. Repeating the previous speaker’s words can have various interactional functions, e.g., initiating repair, indicating surprise or challenge, or registering information. Our distributional results show that the NP is the typical item in repetition turns. The original structures targeted by repetitions vary from a single NP to clausal units housing NPs. The analysis shows that the identification of the interactional function of other-repetitions builds on their sequential position, prosodic design, and contextual information. Other-repetitions serve the general function of promoting intersubjectivity and participation in conversation, and the NP is demonstrably a central vehicle for this.
Multiple nominal expressions in Garrwa conversation
Authors: Mushin Ilana
Published: June 2020

Noun phrases have long been a contested category in studies of Australian language grammars. In this chapter I use a corpus of conversations in the Northern Australian language Garrwa to show how the syntactic and prosodic design of referring expressions consisting of a demonstrative nominal and a common nominal is highly sensitive to the place in and relevance to the unfolding interactional sequence in which the referring expression occurs. In particular, I show that the design of referential nominal expressions in Garrwa conversations display a systematic relationship between more phrase-like constructions and smooth, progressive talk, and less phrase-like formulations and sequential and topical boundaries.
A Linguistic Survey of Khorasan: Implications for Language Isolation, Language Change, and Contact Linguistics
Authors: Dabir-Moghaddam Mohammad
Published: June 2020

This paper describes and analyzes data from a number of Modern Iranian dialects spoken in Khorasan in the east of Iran which are unusual among the other Western Iranian languages in that they have grammaticalized a split tense-sensitive alignment in indexation, compared to other Iranian languages whose indexation splitness is sensitive to both tense and transitivity. These dialects are the former dialect of Birjand in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the present-day dialect of Ferdows, Khanik, and Se-Ghal’e. The findings are put in the context of the available data from the Classical Persian texts to show that the tense-sensitive splitness mentioned above is traceable in those texts. A number of external factors are discussed which seem to have been influential in the restructuring of the split-alignment of the former dialect of Birjand into a uniformly nominative-accusative alignment in terms of indexation as observed in the present-day dialect of Birjand. It is proposed that this restructuring is an instance of simplification. The three other dialects cited above are endangered in the sense that they can undergo the same kind of restructuring as happened to the dialect of Birjand.
A shape optimization approach for electrical impedance tomography with point measurements
Authors: Albuquerque Yuri Flores , Laurain Antoine , Sturm Kevin
Published: June 2020

Working within the class of piecewise constant conductivities, the inverse problem of electrical impedance tomography can be recast as a shape optimization problem where the discontinuity interface is the unknown. Using Gröger’s

W

p

1

-estimates for mixed boundary value problems, the averaged adjoint method is extended to the case of Banach spaces, which allows one to compute the derivative of shape functionals involving point evaluations. We compute the corresponding distributed expression of the shape derivative and show that it may contain Dirac measures in addition to the usual domain integrals. We use this distributed shape derivative to devise a numerical algorithm, show various numerical results supporting the method, and based on these results we discuss the influence of the point measurements patterns on the quality of the reconstructions.
Fully 3D printed soft microactuators for soft microrobotics
Authors: Tyagi Manav , Spinks Geoffrey M , Jager Edwin W H
Published: June 2020

The feasibility of additive manufacturing actuating microstructures and microdevices with small dimension is presented. Using a custom-built extrusion 3D printer and CAD model of the device structure, bilayer microactuators driven by hydrogels are fabricated down to a size of 300 × 1000 μm2, with a minimum thickness of 30 μm. To explore the limitations of the 3D printing process, microactuators with a width of 300 μm and lengths ranging from 1000 to 5000 μm are manufactured and thereafter operated to demonstrate the feasibility of the process. Similarly, microrobotic devices consisting of a passive rigid body and flexible moving parts are 3D printed to illustrate the ease and versatility of the additive manufacturing technique to fabricate soft microgrippers or micromanipulators.
Production of natural dyes from black rice bran extract on solid to solvent ratio and various of pH solvent
Authors: Wartini N M , Wrasiati L P , Widnyani I A A , Putra G P G , Wijaya I M A S
Published: June 2020

Black rice bran is a byproduct of black rice removal process. It has the potential to be a source of natural dyes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of solid to solvent ratio (1:10, 1:15 and 1:20) and various pH solvents (3,4,5, and 6) on characteristics of natural dyes from black rice bran extract and determine the best treatment to produce natural dyes from rice black bran extract. Extraction process used maceration method at ambient temperature. The experiment was designed using factorial randomized block design, and if there was a treatment that had a significant effect, it was continued with a Duncan test. The result showed that the solid to solvent ratio, various pH solvent, and their interactions had a significant effect on yield, anthocyanin content, and colors (L*, a* and b*). The best treatment is solid to solvent 1:10 and the value of pH 3, with characteristic 9,45% yield, 596,94 mg/l anthocyanin, 810,56 mg GAE/100 g polyphenol, and color (L* value 51.53, a value 26.93, b value 42.13).
Model of plant schedules for organic vegetables considering crop rotation rules to reduce pesticide usage
Authors: Kasih P H , Rusdiansyah A
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with organic vegetable production planning by which the farmer has to determine the cropping schedules for each land parcels to maximize land parcels occupation. There is more than one variety of crops to be planted and some of these crops are included in one type of botanical family. The farmers do not use pesticide, instead, they use crop rotation in the planting process to minimize pest attack to obtain optimal yields. They must consider the ecological constraints in which farmers must determine the crop sequence and in which land parcel each vegetable must be planted in firm lands by following the rules of crop rotation. The crop included in one botanical family should not be planted sequentially in the same land parcel. We propose a linear programming model to develop organic vegetable production. The decision variable in this study is binary, 1 if one of the crops is cultivated during period j at land parcels k, 0 otherwise. The result show that the cropping schedules of each crop in each land parcel are in one rotation period. To evaluate the performance of the model, numerical experiments using real-world data were performed.
Life cycle assessment of wafer biscuit production
Authors: Ismayana A , Ibrahim O A , Yani M
Published: June 2020

The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was used to determine the amount of potential emissions generated from the production activities of the wafer biscuit. The objectives of this study were (1) to observe all of input and output of the production process, (2) to analyze the potential of environmental impacts, (3) and to provide alternative improvements in efforts to reduce the environmental impacts. The LCA method consisted of four stages: determination of goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment analysis, and interpretation analysis. Based on observations of existing activities, the scope of this research was set for “gate to gate” and the impact analysis included global warming potential, eutrophication, and acidification. The results of the impact analysis showed that production of wafer biscuit produced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 1.5161 kg-CO2-eq/kg-product, acidification of 0.0115 kg-SO2-eq/kg-product, and eutrophication of 0.0131 kg-PO4
3−eq/kg-product. There were four alternative improvements that should be done to reduce environmental impacts; (1) the use of solar water heater which could decrease GHG emissions by 8%, acidification by 13%, and eutrophication by 0.56%, (2) replacement of refrigerant types could lower GHG emissions by 19%, acidification of 13%, and eutrophication of 0.57%, (3) reuse of cooling water reduced GHG emissions by 7%, acidification by 11%, and eutrophication by 32.21%, and (4) improvement in waste treatment would reduce emissions eutrophication as much as 83.86%.
Caracterization of the Green Pointer Laser Beam Value as an Obstacle Sensor on Various Background Colors
Authors: Putri I , Rusnam
Published: June 2020

Obstacle detection sensor is an important development tool of autonomous vehicles in recognizing its environment. Green laser pointer is an example of a sensor in the form of visibe light beam to detect the obstacles that are in the track of the tractor. This research aimed to Determine the variation of green laser beam as an obstacle sensors in different backgrounds and different intensity of light. This system used a CMOS camera and cctv lense 0-60 mm of focal length as the prime sensor and a green laser pointer at 532±10 nm with a maximum of 98 0 mW output power. Asicap software used to capture the image of the green laser pointer and then the image processed by using ArcMap 10.5 to determine the coordinat of the green laser and its RGB pixels. The camera is capable to detect the green laser pointer beam with intensities up to 50000 lux° with Temperature 51.6 ° C and 40.3% of humadity from 2 meters until 7 meters from Potition captured. From the tests carried out it appears that the normalization value of green laser light, especially for the maximum and minimum values of the components of green on various types of objects look the same. Especially for the minimum green value. This states that the various types of green laser beam sighting objects have the same minimum value, so the coding program will be the same.
Comparative Study of Three Rice Brands’ Quality through Measuring Broken Rice Percentage using Sortex A ColorVision (Buhler) Optical Sorters
Authors: Sairi S A M , Mustaffha S
Published: June 2020

This study is focusing on comparing three rice brands quality in determining the percentage of broken rice by using the ejection system method. Broken rice is referred to rice grains broken into smaller pieces in length and could adversely impact rice quality and marketing price. Generally, conventional methods using micrometers to separate broken rice from normal rice are used to determine broken rice percentage. However, these methods are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, this study was set to employ an ejection system method by using Sortex A ColorVision optical sorter machine to compare the quality of three rice brands (Jati, Cap Rambutan and Faiza Emas) in terms of their broken rice percentages. The broken rice ratios were measured three times and expressed as average values. The Sortex A ColorVision optical sorter could deliver an acceptable efficiency in optical sorting. The sorter uses up to two types of visible wavelengths, where it allows for excellent detection by color, shape, and length of an object. Hence, the Sortex A ColorVision could successfully determine the percentage of broken rice. According to the results obtained, among the three rice brands investigated only Faiza Emas rice brand was found to meet the requirements set forth by the government of Malaysia for broken rice percentage which is the maximum of 5% for packed rice. While the broken rice percentage in Cap Rambutan and Jati rice brands were stood at 7% and 13%, respectively. As a conclusion, the Sortex A ColorVision Optical machine sorting rice was found as a rapid reliable method to determine broken rice percentage and to compare commercial rice brands on the market.
Ant Species Composition (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at a Highland Agricultural Area for Wheat and Potato in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatera
Authors: Herwina H , Mairawita  , Yulvita L , Putri D , Satria R , Janra M N , Yaherwandi  , Sakamaki Y
Published: June 2020

A study about ant species composition in a highland of agricultural areas at Alahan Panjang Village, Solok District, West Sumatra Province was conducted in 2016 by using modified of quads protocol methods. A total of 18 ant species belonging to four subfamilies, eight tribes and 15 genera was collected. Myrmicinae was the highest in species number (eight species) followed by Formicinae (five species), Dolichoderinae (three species) and Ponerinae (two species). All ant species were different between two plantations except Monomorium florica (Jerdon, 1851) which was collected for both. Carebara cf. pygmaeus Emery, 1887 was the highest in the number of individuals which was found at Wheat site. Six functional group of ants were detected from all species collected.
Varietal Effect on Engineering Properties and Proximate Composition of Organic Rice in Eastern Java Indonesia
Authors: Taruna I , Marhaenanto B , Purbasari D
Published: June 2020

Engineering properties and proximate composition of milled rice was determined for different organic rice varieties, i.e. Ciherang (CH), IR-64 (IR), Sintanur (ST), Pandanwangi (PW), Merah Bali (MB), Coklat Berlian (CB), Merah A2 (MA) and Hitam Melik (HM). The engineering properties parameters included the length (L), width (W), L/W ratio, 1000 kernels weight, bulk density (ρb), angle of repose (φ), thermal conductivity (k), volumetric specific heat (Cp), thermal diffusivity (α), and colour attributes (L*, a*, b*). The proximate compositions of rice were evaluated in terms of the protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash, moisture, and amylose contents. The results showed that organic rice kernels from eastern Java ranged from “medium” to “long” according to their L values and seemed to have slender to medium shape based on their L/W ratio. The weight of 1000 rice kernels were about 18.00-23.29 g depending on the variety, in which the varieties of IR and MA indicated the lowest and highest values, respectively. The ρb values of rice varied from 0.77 to 0.88 g/cm3, while the φ values were about 21.1-26.3°. The highest k, Cp, and α values were revealed by varieties of PW (0.115 W/m.K), MB (2.236 MJ/m3.K), and CB (0.099 mm2/s), respectively. It was found that non-white color organic rice varieties, including MB, CB, MA, and HM, showed higher protein and fat contents than white color rice samples such as CH, IR, ST, and PW. The present organic rice samples were categorized as “low” to “intermediate” amylose content with a variety of values from 16.6 to 21.8%.
Production of Crude Xylanase From Trichoderma sp. Using Reutealis trisperma Exocarp Substrate in Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Mardawati E , Sinurat Y , Yuliana T
Published: June 2020

Reutealis trisperma exocarp is a waste containing hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin which can be used to produce xylanase enzymes. Reutealis trisperma exocarp contains 44.48% of hemicellulose, a polymer of xylan. The xylanase is an enzyme that can be utilized for hydrolyzing hemicellulose (xylan) to xylose. Xylanase can be produced by solid-state fermentation using isolate Trichoderma sp and Reutealis trisperma exocarp as substrate. This research aims to determine the fermentation time and substrate concentration that produce the highest xylanase activity using Trichoderma sp. In this study, the crude extract enzyme was evaluated on xylanase activity, protein content and specific activity at various fermentation times of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h using substrate concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. The highest xylanase activity was observed with the substrate concentration of 8% at the 60 hour fermentation time. In this process, 672.039 U/mL of xylanase activity, protein content around 0.590 mg / mL and 1137.638 U/mg of the specific activity were produced.
Relationships among Global Climate Indices and Rainfall Pattern to Detect Impact of Climate Change in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho B D A , Nurrohman R K , Sudira P
Published: June 2020

Indications of climate change can be known from the changes in rainfall distribution pattern and its volume. Yogyakarta Special Region lately often experiences drought, and has an impact on decreasing agriculture productivity and crop failure in several districts. Some of the research that has been done has not reviewed specifically in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with several Global Climate Indices and has not been spatially displayed. The aims of this research is to determine the relationship between the global climate indices with rainfall patterns in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Global Climate Indices data used are: Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Sea Surface Temperature Nino 3.4, Sea Surface Temperature Nino West, and Indian Ocean Basin-wide Warming (IOBW), and rainfall data for 2009-2013. The analysis process uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method to determine the relationship between the Global Climate Index and rainfall patterns and then change the data to be spatial using GIS. Based on the results, overall rainfall is negatively correlated with SOI, the area with a quite strong negative correlation (> -0.462) in the northernmost areas namely Cangkringan, Pakem and Ngemplak Districts, and the correlation value continues to decline to the southern regions. The correlation of rainfall with SST Nino 3.4 is dominantly negatively correlated and the area with strong enough negative correlation (> -0.492) in the northern and southernmost regions, namely Pakem, Cangkringan, Ngemplak, Saptosari, Tanjungsari, and Girisubo Districts, and the correlation value continues to decrease to the middle area. Then the correlation of rainfall with Nino West overall has a positive value, the northern region has a strong correlation (> -0.455) in the Districts of Pakem, Cangkringan and Ngemplak, while other regions have a strong enough correlation (> -0.455). The last correlation is with IOBW, it is divided into 2 areas that have positive correlations in the north and south areas and the negative correlation of the middle part is almost entirely, areas with strong positive correlations (> 0.57), namely in Tanjungsari and Girisubo Districts and areas with strong negative correlations (-0,556) in Pundong District. Thus it can be concluded that the Global Climate Indices (SOI, SST Nino 3.4, Nino West, and IOBW) influences the pattern of rainfall distribution in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Inventory of West Sumatera Province Area’s Cropping Pattern Based on MODIS Image Data
Authors: Ekaputra E G , Berd I , Arlius F , Yanti D , Irsyad F
Published: June 2020

Paddy growth is influenced by natural factors such as climate and soil, the former being a factor that cannot be controlled. With global climate change, rainfall as one of the sources of water availability is the riskiest element affected, which is very influential in determining cropping patterns. This study aims to inventory the pattern of paddy cultivation in the province of West Sumatra by using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) of MODIS imagery. This study uses the MODIS EVI image (MOD13Q1, 16 composite days, 250m resolution, 2014 to 2018) in West Sumatra. During the course of this study the Province of West Sumatra experienced 3 paddy cropping seasons with 2 periods of harvest in one cropping calendar year.
Characteristics of Gluten-Free Wet Noodles Substituted with Soy Flour
Authors: Violalita F , Evawati  , Syahrul S , Yanti H F , Fahmy K
Published: June 2020

Noodles are food products made from flour with or without the addition of other food ingredients and additives that are permitted and have a specific shape of noodles. Generally, noodles made from flour, eggs, and water. The content of gluten in wheat flour can increase intestinal hyperpermeability, which causes gluten was digested properly, and there is flowing into the bloodstream and brain so that it affects the behavior of the autistic child. In this research, noodles were made without wheat flour, which was replaced with mocaf flour, tapioca flour, cornstarch, and soy flour. This research aims to get the best formulation in making gluten-free noodles substituted with soy flour. The stages of this research consisted of: making soy flour, making gluten-free noodles substituted with soy flour, and analyzing gluten-free noodles. The analysis conducted in this study were: water content, fat content, protein content, ash content, carbohydrate content, organoleptic analysis, cooking loss, water absorption, and elasticity of gluten-free wet noodles substituted with soy flour. In this research, soy flour was carried out with 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% substitutions. Based on the analysis that has been done, gluten-free noodles with 15% soy flour content is the best treatment and comply with SNI 2987-2015 standards on wet noodles and are accepted by panelists. Gluten-free wet noodles with substitution of 15% soy flour have a moisture content of 61.40%, protein 7.14%, fat 4.68%, ash 0.54%, carbohydrates 23.11%, crude fiber 3.13%, cooking loose 0.646%, water absorption 1.101% and elasticity 0.283%. Based on organoleptic tests, gluten-free wet noodles have a color of 3.28 (neutral), aroma 3.20 (neutral), taste 3.44 (neutral), texture 3.72 (somewhat like), and appearance of 3.76 (somewhat like).
Environmentally Friendly Lubricating Greases from Coconut Oils and Palm Oil
Authors: Gasni D. , Fajar I. , Adinda H.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to compare the lubricating grease from coconut oils and palm oil as base oils. The consistency, dropping point, and tribological properties of lubricating greases were investigated and compared between coconut oils and palm oil. The consistency and dropping point were measured to investigate physical properties. Whereas, the pin on disc apparatus was used to investigate wear and coefficient of friction. The results indicate that the coconut oil greases show superior tribological properties when compare to the palm oil grease.
Performance comparison of optimization techniques in EHS system using sliding mode controller
Authors: Chai M S , Ghazali R , Chong S H , Soon C C , Too J , Sam Y M
Published: June 2020

Electro-Hydraulic Servo (EHS) system is a well-known nonlinear system in various types of industries due to its outstanding characteristics over other actuators. Despite its wide applications in industries, this system also suffering from nonlinearities and parameter uncertainties. Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) has been proven by many researchers to be effective in positioning control of the nonlinear system. However, SMC controller parameters must be tuned in appropriate ways to control the EHS system. In this research, an SMC strategy which combines with an enhanced PSO called Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) is proposed in positioning control of the EHS system. The conventional PSO is design as well for comparison purpose. The output performance is analysed and verified using different performance indexes such as rise time, settling time, overshoot percentage, and root mean square error. The results show that the MOPSO is better in tuning the controller parameters.
A comparative study of various binarization schemes for flame-front detection in a S.I engine
Authors: Shawal S , Saedon J , Meon M S , Mohamad N H , Husain H , Mahat M , Nawi M R M
Published: June 2020

This paper formulates a new mathematical algorithm for automated flame detection in high-speed image. The proposed algorithm is simple, unsupervised and computationally inexpensive to segment a sequence of such images into two levels which correspond to flame and background. Flame images are used as input to calculate and predict the threshold value of the image based on Otsu’s method. The threshold value of the current image is corrected to compute the flame boundary. The main idea is to exploit the images’ correlation in time to predict a suitable binarization threshold from the previous image. The algorithm is expected to compute the projected burnt area, which will be used to obtain the flame characteristics in a fast, robust, and reliable way. Then the proposed scheme was compared with two famous different methods and explore their effects on detection characters in scene images. It is found that the proposed method outperforms the other two prior methods in detection flame edges with respect to the flame radius versus time.
Heat conductivity and permeability of aluminium foam
Authors: Khalid Ahmad Hilmi , Ismail Muhammad Hussain , Abu Kasim Haszeme Bin , Pahroraji Hazriel Faizal , Bin Zainol Muhd Azhar , Mohd Azaiauddin Abdul Muzammil Bin
Published: June 2020

Aluminium foam is a material that structured by porous medium with certain characteristics such as good energy absorption, high heat conductivity and good heat transfer. These characteristics that aluminium metal foam provides, can be used in wide range of applications such as on heat exchanger, automotive and etc. The aim of this study is to evaluate the heat conductivity and permeability of the aluminium foam. The porosity of aluminium foam produced by NaCl replication are ranging from 60% to 75%. Besides, simulation by CFD software were carried out to compare with the effect of pore structure on heat conductivity and to determine the heat flux. At the end of the study, the heat conductivity value and permeability of experimental and analysis were identified. The value of heat conductivity k of aluminium foam is better compared to solid aluminium when the temperature increased. The permeability of the aluminium foam is dependent on the porosity of the aluminium foam. Higher porosity resulting to a higher rate of permeability.
Welding Quality Assessment for Oil and Gas Industry by Comparison of Mechanical Testing Properties and Microstructure Analysis
Authors: Sukarman F. , Ismail M. H. , Shah M. A. M. , Ramli N. H. , Tharazi I.
Published: June 2020

WBS testing is the procedure of substantiation on material after a completed welding process to determine the material properties and behavior such as strength properties and forming properties. The conventional testing for determining strength properties of material involve parameters such as tensile strength, shear strength, toughness, brittleness and rigidity. On the other hand, the forming properties testing is performed to inspect elasticity, plasticity, ductility, malleability and hardness of the welded components. The importance of WPSs in the welding technology and how the WPSs is performed at the point around the welding procedure should be defined clearly. Thus, this project investigates the welding quality assessment in the industry by comparison of several testing methods (such as tensile and bend test) following determined acceptance criteria by American Welding Society (AWS D1.1). This research also aims to investigate the metallurgical aspects of welding joint by looking into different locations which as HAZ, weld metal and base metal. The investigated results are macro and microstructure observation, hardness distribution and also the density of the allocated area. This project will serve to develop a further understanding of welding and to find out the correlation between various testing methods that have been used. The welding quality assessment by comparison of mechanical testing properties and microstructure analysis are carried out to determine the property of the affected points. Then, the welding evaluation is determined by performing non-destructive and destructive testing methods. The comparison between the mechanical testing properties and microstructure analysis is made to determine welding quality of Shielded Metal Arc Welding. The acceptance criteria for both non-destructive and destructive testing were referred to American Welding Society (AWS) standard. Furthermore, this research is conducted to investigate the function of welding procedure specification in evaluation of welding quality assessment especially in oil and gas industry.
X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of Silica Extracted from Banana Stems via Acid Leaching Treatment
Authors: Yusaidi N. J. , Abdullah S. A. , Zarib N. A.
Published: June 2020

Silica is known as the natural resources where it has the second most abundant mineral in Earth’s crust. In order to help the expanding research more on agricultural waste for silica extraction, banana stems has been used for this experiment studies. The main aim of the study is to know the percentage of silica in banana stems via leaching process. Hydrochloric acid (HCI) and citric acid (C6H8O7) was used as a leaching reagent for removing the inorganic impurities from the banana stems and the effect of leaching time, reagent concentration and the effect of acid on the banana stems are investigated. Both acids results used same concentration of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mol while leaching time were 30, 60 and 90minute respectively. The results of hydrochloric acid (HCI) and citric acid (C6H8O7) leaching treatment test using the Energy Disperse X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) spots shows silica can be produced at 85.5% and 99%, respectively. Lastly, the silica obtained from the experiment was crystalline silica using the analysis of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the morphological surface of the banana stems were obtained using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Development of Heart Rate Monitoring System to Estimate Driver’s Mental Workload Level
Authors: Makhtar Ahmad Khushairy , Sulaiman Muhammad Izzat
Published: June 2020

Driver’s mental workload is affecting the driver’s performance while driving. A high mental workload task proved that the driver’s performance level decrease. The decreasing of driver’s performance lead to driver carelessness that causes a road accident. Thus, the way to estimate and monitor the driver’s mental workload has to be developed. The purpose of this project is to monitor the driver’s mental workload and give a prompt warning to the drivers whether they are safe or not to drive, thus enhancing road safety. This project started by obtaining information about the driver’s mental workload through a driver’s heart rate. For early stage, this project conducted by using an electronic device for education, which is Arduino Kit and heart rate sensor. The heart rate sensor will detect the heart beat through the fingertips as an input. Then the input will be sent to Arduino, and it will monitor the reading of heart beat in beat per minutes (BPM) through a connected screen monitor. An experiment conducted in two conditions which are at rest condition and during Mathematical Arithmetic Task to estimate the driver’s mental workload. By using the developed sensor system, the threshold value of mental workload was collected. The buzzer will produce a sound if the reading heart rate value is exceeding the maximum threshold heart rate reading for the safe driving condition.
Development of aluminum matrix composite with hybrid reinforcement using stir casting route
Authors: Gunawan  , Arifin A , Reza M , Wijaya A N P
Published: June 2020

Aluminum matrix composite (AMCs) has widely utilized in various industries such as automotive, aerospace maritime, electronics components, sports equipment. AMCs is considered as potential materials due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. The aim of this work is to investigate effect of the addition SiC and fly ash on mechanical properties of AMCs. In this study, AMCs is fabricated using stir casting method with SiC (8 wt%) and Fly ash (0 wt%, 4 wt%, 8 wt% and 12 wt%) as hybrid reinforcement. Aluminum alloy was heated above its melting temperature in the steel crucible and poured into steel mold at 700°C with mixing speed of blade and mixing time are 350 rpm and 400 S, respectively. Mechanical properties of AMCs samples were characterized using tensile test, hardness test and impact test. Mechanical properties test reveals that AMCs with composition 12 wt% fly ash and 8 wt% SiC has maximum value in term of tensile test (15,859 kgf/mm2), impact test (10,22 Joule) and hardness test (57,15 BHN).
Adsorption isotherm of multicomponent solution of Cu(II) ions, crystal violet, and methylene blue on Silica-Magnetite Porphyridium sp. algae hybrid
Authors: Permatasari D , Buhani  , Rilyanti M , Suharso
Published: June 2020

Algae-silica hybrid (HA-S) from Porphyridium sp. has been modified by coating particles of magnetite (Fe3O4) via a sol-gel process using (TEOS) to produce silica-magnetite algae hybrid (HA-SM). The produced material HA-SM was applied as adsorbent for the multicomponent solution adsorption of Cu(II) ions, crystal violet (CV), and methylene blue (MB). Identification of functional groups was performed by infrared spectrometer (IR) indicating that in HA-SM there are an active organic groups derived from Porphyridium sp., while silanol and siloxane derived from silica matrix. In addition, the results of the analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) showed HA-SM has more heterogeneous surface morphology. The adsorption model of the multicomponent solutions of Cu(II) ions, CV, and MB by HA-S and HA-SM tend to follow the model of Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
Analysis of Lombok 2018 earthquake effects on surface deformation process based on time lapse microgravity data (case study: east Lombok and central Lombok regencies)
Authors: Minardi S , Ardianto T , Alaydrus A T , Sarkowi M
Published: June 2020

Fault activities was detected during periods of 2016 to 2018 which presented by land subsidence in East Lombok and Central Lombok regencies during this period. In order to find out the impact of the earthquake which occurred from July to August 2018, time lapse microgravity anomaly before and after earthquake was compared, i.e. time lapse microgravity anomaly 2016 to 2018 period and 2018 to 2019 period. Measurements were carried out at about 80 points which distributed in both of regencies. Time lapse microgravity anomalies periods of 2016 and 2018 show positive values at all measurement points and deformation analysis revealed that subsidence occurred at all study areas. The results of the time lapse microgravity anomaly data processing between the periods of 2018 to 2019 show the opposite one. The results of data analysis and processing of time lapse microgravity anomaly during period 2016 to 2019 shows the deformation process on the surface before the earthquake Lombok and it was stopped due to the events of the Lombok Earthquake in 2018. The earthquake that generated by the thrust fault mechanism causing elevation change of the research area in Central Lombok Regency and East Lombok, an event of uplifting occurred.
Structural microanalysis of green synthesized AlxZn(1−x)O nanoparticles
Authors: Barman Subhodeep , Sikdar Suranjan , Biswas Abhijit , Mandal Biplab Kumar , Das Rahul
Published: June 2020

In this article, environmentally compatible, low cost and easy green synthesized pure and Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles from the Azadirachta indica leaves extract were prepared. The greenly produced nanoparticles were mainly studied for structural properties. The x-ray diffraction data show that these were crystalline with the hexagonal wurtzite phase. The average crystallite size and some other important physical parameters such as stress, strain and energy density were estimated from the Williamson Hall analysis with the help of Rietveld refinement data. It was observed that with increasing Al-concentration, the crystallite size decreased but the other parameters like stress, strain and energy density increased. It was also seen that with increasing Al addition from 0%–15% the inter-planar spacing d
hkl for each hkl set of the samples first decreased and then increased, which indicates the influence of the smaller size of Al ion addition on the inter-planar distance.
Insta-Grated Plastic Surgery Residencies: 2020 Update
Authors: Chartier Christian , Chandawarkar Akash A , Gould Daniel J , Stevens W Grant
Published: June 2020

Background

Recent evidence shows accelerating worldwide adoption of social media and suggests a commensurate increase in social media use by integrated plastic surgery residency programs in the United States. Programs nationwide are now making strides to include a longitudinal social media component in their plastic surgery curriculum.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Instagram by plastic surgery residency programs and to describe trends in adoption, volume, and content.

Methods

Current active Instagram accounts affiliated to integrated plastic surgery residency programs were surveyed to identify date of first post, number of posts, number of followers, number of followings, engagement rate, most-liked posts, and content of posts. All data were collected on May 12, 2020.

Results

Sixty-nine out of 81 (85.2%) integrated plastic surgery residency programs had Instagram accounts, totaling 5,544 posts. This represents an absolute increase in program accounts of 392% since 2018. The 100 most-liked posts were categorized as: promotion of the program/individual (46), resident life (32), promotion of plastic surgery (14), and education (8).

Conclusions

Instagram use by plastic surgery residency programs has drastically increased since it was first evaluated in 2018. This trend will continue as we reach near saturation of residency programs with accounts. We remain steadfast in our belief that the advantages of social media use by plastic surgeons and trainees are far outweighed by the potential community-wide impacts of violations of good social media practice on peers, patients, and the general public.
PRANC: ML species tree estimation from the ranked gene trees under coalescence
Authors: Kim Anastasiia , Degnan James H
Published: June 2020

PRANC computes the Probabilities of RANked gene tree topologies under the multispecies coalescent. A ranked gene tree is a gene tree accounting for the temporal ordering of internal nodes. PRANC can also estimate the maximum likelihood (ML) species tree from a sample of ranked or unranked gene tree topologies. It estimates the ML tree with estimated branch lengths in coalescent units.

Availability and implementation

PRANC is written in C++ and freely available at github.com/anastasiiakim/PRANC.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Differential medication overuse risk of novel anti-migraine therapeutics
Authors: Saengjaroentham Chonlawan , Strother Lauren C , Dripps Isaac , Sultan Jabir Mohammad Rayhan , Pradhan Amynah , Goadsby Peter J , Holland Philip R
Published: June 2020

Medication overuse headache is estimated to affect 2% of the population, and is ranked in the top 20 most disabling disorders due to its high level of disability. Several therapies used in the treatment of acute migraine are thought to be associated with medication overuse headache, including opioids and triptans. With limited treatment options, it is critical to determine the risk profile of novel therapies prior to their widespread use. The current study explores the potential medication overuse risk of two novel therapeutic drug classes, namely the ditans: 5-HT1F receptor agonists, and the gepants: calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists, in a preclinical model of medication overuse. Persistent exposure of mice to the 5-HT1F agonist LY344864, but not olcegepant produced a significant reduction in hind paw and orofacial mechanical withdrawal thresholds as a surrogate readout of allodynia. In agreement, only LY344864 induced neuroplastic changes in trigeminal sensory afferents, increasing calcitonin gene-related peptide expression and basal trigeminal nociception. Our data highlight a differential medication overuse headache risk profile for the ditan and gepant classes of drugs that has important implications for their clinical use and patient education to help reduce the burden of medication overuse headache.