bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Private Financing and Human Resource Practices of Small Local and Foreign-Owned Cosmetological Businesses
Authors: Rambe Patient
Published: January 2020

There exists a growing body of empirical studies that explore both the sources of small, micro and medium enterprises (SMME) funding, and the quality of their human resource practices. However, there is paucity of literature that interrogates the impact of private funding of local and foreign SMMEs on the quality of human resources. Nevertheless, the wide recognition of the economic significance of SMMEs in emerging economies and the pivotal role that funding plays in the growth of such firms suggest that the nexus between SMME private funding and human resourcing is integral to this condition and growth. As a result, the current study examined the influence of private financing of local and foreign-owned hair salon SMMEs on the quality of their human resources, in an attempt to bridge the aforementioned research gap. The study, which drew on a quantitative approach, is based on a survey conducted on 150 South African and foreign immigrant-owned hair salon businesses. The findings suggest that the private financing structure was dominated by a combination of debt and equity financing, followed by debt financing, with equity financing as the least employed funding model. The study established the significant impact that access to private equity financing has on recruitment, selection and compensation. However, the level of private debt financing, attractiveness of interest rates for private debt financing and financial value of funding from private institutions (banks) do not have any impact on human resources management practices. A major observation from the results is that, some aspects of private financing impact negatively on human resources management albeit a small effect size, which somehow raises critical questions about the popular claims that financing, contributes positively to the quality of human resources of firms.
Antecedents of Affective Commitment of Human Resource Management Practitioners Attending a Professional Body Convention
Authors: Maleka Molefe Jonathan , Mmako Mphoreng Magdeline , Swarts Ilze
Published: January 2020

In this paper, affective events theory (AET) is used to develop a model that can be used by organizations to enhance propitious work conditions that will encourage human resource management (HRM) practitioners to be affectively committed to their organizations. AET states that there are certain antecedents (i.e. distributive justice, job-related well-being, and employee engagement) that positively correlate with job satisfaction. According to AET, positive emotions have a positive indirect correlation between antecedents and job satisfaction. AET states that job satisfaction positively relates to affective commitment. The research design was cross-sectional and correlational, and the sample size was (n=205).From the 300 questionnaires distributed to HRM practitioners, the response rate was 68.33%. The main finding is that respondents rated the positive emotions items below the mean, and there was a significant positive relationship between distributive justice and job satisfaction (Î² = 0.61; pâ‰¤ 0.001). The data showed that job satisfaction positively correlated with affective commitment (Î² = 0.70; p â‰¤ 0.001).Positive emotions only mediated the relationship between distributive justice and job satisfaction (Î² = 0.36; p â‰¤ 0.001). The study results have implications for managersâ€™ efforts to keep HRM practitioners affectively committed, as the latter were not satisfied with their remuneration. The data created awareness that when a remuneration policy is drafted, it should take cognisance that HRM practitioners who have positive emotions will be affectively committed and stay longer in organizations.
Effect of Agency Costs on Executive Compensation in South African Commercial Banks
Authors: Olarewaju Odunayo Magret , Migiro Stephen Oseko , Sibanda Mabutho
Published: January 2020

This study examines the roles of agency cost (monitoring and bonding cost) on compensation of managers with a view from the managerial-power approach to agency cost. We modelled managersâ€™ compensation and agency cost of banks to emphasise the potential influence of agency cost on managersâ€™ compensation. A Panel Generalised Least Square model was estimated on four largely-controlled commercial banks in South Africa over the period 2010-2015. The result shows that shareholdersâ€™ fund, management share option, monitoring and bonding cost were strongly significant in explaining the managersâ€™ compensation in the banks. Therefore, in the South African banking sector, compensation of managers should be based on their managerial power and not only on the principle of optimal-contracting. It is recommended, among others, that monitoring and bonding costs in the South African banks should be re-emphasised and strictly committed to. This should be so because there are direct effects of these costs on managersâ€™ compensation which might be the reason for the persistent agency problem in the banks.
The Most Effective Strategies to Curb Corruption and Improve Water Service Delivery in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mutuma Patrick , Jambawo Trevor
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this study was to find the most effective strategies to curb and eradicate corruption and improve water service delivery. The study also aimed to present the type, causes, and effects of corruption. A mixed-methods questionnaire survey design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. 220 questionnaires were distributed to providers and users of water services in Zimbabwe. 149 respondents returned the completed questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The Analysis of Variance was used to test the significance of mean scores. The study revealed that corruption is highly prevalent in Zimbabwe. The main factors that cause corruption in the water sector are poor governance, economic hardship, and weak accountability. Corruption leads to economic stagnation and poor foreign investments. Organisations such as the Zimbabwe National Water Authority must improve systems and structures, enhance the auditing process, and educate staff on good ethical standards and effective governance to effectively fight against corruption and improve service delivery. They must also put in place strong governance and accountability frameworks and work closely with communities and policy makers to eradicate corruption. The availability of water should be the same across all the suburbs, and the country needs to adjust its water bill rates in line with regional rates. Service providers should make use of mobile technology to promote citizenry participation in sharing ideas and making decisions on water sustainability. This study reaffirms the need to fight corruption and improve water service delivery.
Uniform boundedness of Kantorovich operators in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Ayazoglu Rabil , Akbulut Sezgin , Akkoyunlu Ebubekir
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the Kantorovich operators Kn, n ? N are shown to be uniformly
bounded in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces on the closed interval [0; 1].
Also an upper estimate is obtained for the difference Kn(f)-f for
functions f of regularity of order 1 and 2 measured in variable exponent
Lebesgue spaces, which is of interest on its own and can be applied to other
problems related to the Kantorovich operators.
Approximate controllability of second-order nonlocal impulsive partial functional integro-differential evolution systems in Banach spaces
Authors: Nagaraj Mahalingam , Kavitha Velusamy , Baleanu Dumitru , Arjunan Mani
Published: January 2020

This manuscript is involved with a class of second-order impulsive partial
functional integro-differential evolution equations with nonlocal conditions
in Banach spaces. Sufficient conditions ensuring the existence and approximate
controllability of mild solutions are established. Theory of cosine family,
Banach contraction principle and Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative fixed
point theorem are employed for achieving the required results. An example is
analyzed to illustrate the effectiveness of the outcome.
Remarks on an equation of the Ginzburg-Landau type
Authors: Wang Bei
Published: January 2020

This paper is concerned with a priori estimate of the Ginzburg-Landau
equation. We study the uniform bound of classical solutions on the whole
space. In addition, we also obtain the Liouville-type result of finite
energy solutions.
On the conditional edge connectivity of double-orbit graphs
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Meng Jixiang
Published: January 2020

The double-orbit graph is a generalization of vertex transitive graphs, which
contains many classic network models. Conditional edge-connectivity is an
important index to measure the fault-tolerance and reliability of the
networks. In this paper, we characterize the super-?(2) double-orbit graphs
with two orbits of the same size. Moreover, we give a sufficient condition for
regular double-orbit graphs to be ?(3)-optimal, and characterize super- ?(3)
regular double-orbit graphs.
OPACITY INFLUENCED INCONSTANT METHOD FOR 3D HOLOGRAPHIC PYRAMID RENDERING
Authors: Mohammed Salih Sarah َQahtan , Sulaiman Puteri Suhaiza , Khammas Abdul Sattar Arif , Mahmod Ramlan , Rahmat Rahmita Wirza O.K.
Published: January 2020

The rapid growth of computer graphics in human daily life has inspired researchers to maximize image understanding and discover new methods for visualizing 3D objects. However, the image quality is constrained by the depth cue limitations of 3D objects produced by 3D displays. The advent of the holographic hologram pyramid display offers better image quality due to its ability to visualize 3D data with satisfactory depth. In this paper, we present a new visualization method named the “opacity influenced inconstant method” that exploits the custom surface rendering technique to enhance understanding of massive 3D objects for a hologram pyramid display. An algorithm is developed by adding an opacity variable and manipulating the intensity and position of the other variables to enhance the depth cues of a 3D object. The opacity value has the ability to show the inner structure of an object to be visualized if it is available. Our results show significant enhancement on the depth cues of the 3D object that presents as a hologram floating inside a transparent pyramid. The results of a survey conducted on computer graphics students shows that the quality of the hologram was preferred when it was compared to the previous method. In addition, the depth cues of the 3D object were reported to be enhanced by the opacity influenced inconstant method when compared to the previous study and standard shading.
MANIFESTATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN BAGHDAD AREA
Authors: Abdulla Hassony J
Published: January 2020

This investigation has been conducted to study the manifestations of climate change in Baghdad area. The climate in Baghdad is recognized as hottest in late June , all July and early August The average surface temperatures of the , asphalt depicted warmest surface temperatures, followed by the pavers, concrete, grass and Air. These were were 64.1, 62.0 , 57.8, 49.7 and 49 C°respectively.. The vegetation is the lowest temperatures of all materials. The comparison between air temperature and other materials. asphalt , pavers, and concrete were highly significant at the 0.01 level, The harsh climate ( climate change ) has effected the common plant that grow in Baghdad such as Bitter orange ( Citrus aurantium ) , the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera.) , Chinese thuja shrub ( Platycladus orientalis) and also has effected land . Iraq climate was affected by global climatic change.
Statistical Distribution of Rainfall in Kurdistan-Iraq Region
Authors: Fawzee Meeran akram , Salh Samira M. , Ahmed Slahaddin A.
Published: January 2020

Study the statistical distribution for rainfall is important to know the behaviour of the rainfall series and to know the most frequently rainfall amount in each month. Five statistical distribution were applied on Sulaimani, Erbil and Duhok rainfall series for the period (1941-2017) except Duhok (1944-2017). These distributions were Gamma(3P), Weibul(3P), Earlang (3P), Normal and General extreme value. Kolmogrove-Semirnov, Anderson-Darling and Chi-Square goodness of fit test were used to know the best fit distribution from these five distributions.
Phenotypic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase of Multi Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Causing Nosocomial Infections in Erbil City
Authors: Smail Sakar Bakr , AL-OTRACHI Kamal I.
Published: January 2020

Background: Resistance to broad‑spectrum beta‑lactams, mediated by extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases, and metallo‑beta‑lactamase enzymes, is an increasing problem worldwide. The main aim is to study phenotypic characterization of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases and metallo‑beta‑lactamase multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Erbil City. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 Acinetobacter baumannii isolations were collected from patients of all age groups from clinical specimens sputum, blood, pus, wound swab, urine and body fluids (Pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid) collected from different medical wards and intensive care unit departments of hospitals in Erbil City for a period of one year from march 2018--march 2019. Isolates were tested for the presence of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases and metallo‑beta‑lactamase. Detection of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases was done by the combined disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, while metallo‑beta‑lactamase was detected by meropenem and imipenem combined with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disk method. Results: 25% (28) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were positive for extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases, while 100 % (112) were metallo‑beta‑lactamase producers. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming a global medical challenge due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance. Newer beta lactamase is a matter of concern as they are developing rapidly and lead to treatment failure. Carbapenems are known to be effective therapeutic agents for Acinetobacter baumannii infections and its resistance limits the use to polymyxins and colistin. Several new medicines are still in research and combination of drug therapy is being currently used in the hospitals together with ours to treat multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.
Comparison of Some Drought Indices in Iraq
Authors: Nedham Usama Sameer , Hassan Ahmed Sami
Published: January 2020

Drought in Iraq was assessed using three drought indices for two different time periods, past period from 1970 to 2015, and future period from 2016 to 2050 for 4 stations in Iraq. These indices named: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Percentage of Precipitation Anomaly (PPA), and Z-Score Index (ZSI). The main sources of data were the monthly rainfall archive from Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology (IMOS) for past period, and projection monthly precipitation data from Representative Concentration Pathway scenario (RCP4.5) for Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) affiliate to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for future period. The results shown good correlation of among 3 indices, with different rank of them, were lowest rank was 0.85. The three indices refer to were good evaluate the drought severity of Iraq. Found too the best index was PPA during past period, and the significant index was ZSI for the future period. The North of Iraq (Mosul Station) was the least vulnerable to drought from the analysis of the results of the three indices for the last period, where the number of dry seasons were 12 on the basis of the PPA classification. South of Iraq (Basra station) has the highest number of wet season on the PPA rating were (15) season.
Strongly Weakly Supplement Extending Modules
Authors: Musa Aya Adnan , Al-Saadi Saad A.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a class of modules which are proper strong concept of weakly supplement extending modules will be introduced and studied. We call a module M is strongly weakly supplement extending, if each submodule of M is essential in fully invariant weakly supplement submodule in M. Many characterizations of strongly weakly supplement extending modules are obtained. We show that M is strongly weakly supplement extending module if and only if every closed submodule of M is fully invariant weakly supplement submodule in M. Also we study the relation among this concept and other known concepts of modules. Moreover, we give some conditions that of strongly weakly supplement extending modules is closed under direct sum property is strongly weakly supplement extending.
The Biological Activity of Some Extracted Proteins from Bacillus spp. Isolated from Soil Against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Ibrahim Haneen Ali , Zaki Neihaya Heikmat
Published: January 2020

Forty soil samples were collected from different regions in Baghdad city. Among 52 isolate, only 38 isolates (73.1 %) belong to Bacillus spp. All bacterial isolates have been submitted to the cultural, microscopical, biochemical examination and VITEK 2 System, Bacillus cereus was predominantly found 21 (55.3%) followed by Bacillus subtilis 11 (28.9%), then Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was 6 (15.8%). Bacillus cereus (B1) and Bacillus subtilis (B16) isolates were with the highest level with the antibacterial activity when selected. Extracellular proteins were extracted and purified with ammonium sulfate (80%) saturation, then submitted to Sepharose-6B gel filtration column. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine the molecular weights of proteins, and one band appeared to each of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis with molecular weight 68 and 50 KDa respectively. The results revealed that higher effect of antibacterial activity on Gram positive bacteria, and moderate on Gram negative bacteria except P.aeruginosa with no effect. The antibiofilm effect of the extract found higher effective against S.pyogens, moderate effect against each of (S.aureus, E.coli, S. marcescens, K. spp) and no effect against P.aeruginosa. The results of cytotoxicity showed that the purified extract was a higher cytotoxic effect on breast cancer MCF7 cells at 1000µg/ml concentration, while the crude extract had a higher cytotoxic effect on breast cancer MCF7 cells at 100µg/ml concentration.
Supra ω-separation axioms
Authors: Humadi Nadia Kadum , Ali Haider Jebur
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to introduce new types of supra separation axioms by using supra ω-open sets and supra N-open sets in the supra spaces and illustrate the relation between them, and to introduce new forms of supra continuous functions, supra perfectly continuous functions and supra homeomorphism functions. الخلاصـة الغرض من هذا البحث هو لتقديم انواع جديدة من بديهيات الفصل الفوقية بأستخدام المجموعات المفتوحة-ω الفوقية والمجموعات المفتوحة -N الفوقية في الفضاءات الفوقية وتوضيح العلاقة بينهم, ولتقديم صيغ جديدة من الدوال المستمرة الفوقية, الدوال المستمرة الفوقية التامة والدوال التشاكلية الفوقية.
Magnetic Properties of the Spinel Ferrite MgZnFe2O4 Deposited on Glass Using Pulsed-Laser Ablation Method
Authors: Lazem Taha Hussein , Kadhim Kadhim J. , A. Atheer I.
Published: January 2020

Sol-gel deposition of spinel ferrite MgZnFe2O4 on glass substrate using pulsed- laser ablation method was investigated. The magnetic properties were studied without the addition of any adhesive or fixative. Two samples of thicknesses of (585 nm and 265 nm) ±20 were fabricated. The microwave absorption of the samples was measured at X-band within a frequency range of (8-12.5GHz). The frequency absorption and its relationship with the thickness are addressed.
ON JORDAN IDEAL IN PRIME AND SEMIPRIME INVERSE SEMIRINGS WITH CENTRALIZER
Authors: Ibraheem Rawnaq Khaleel , Majeed Abdulrahman H.
Published: January 2020

In this paper we recall the definition of centralizer on inverse semiring. Also introduce the definition of Jordan ideal and Lie ideal. Some results of M.A.Joso Vukman on centralizers on semiprime rings are generalized here to inverse semirings.
Quality Control of Precipitation Measurement for Selected Stations in Iraq
Authors: Jaafar Ali jawad , Al-Lami Alaa Motar
Published: January 2020

In this research, quality control and homogeneity tests were performed for 20 surface meteorological stations records in Iraq. For this purpose, the annual precipitation data series at the stations of Iraqi meteorological organizations and seismology for the period (1981-2010) were considered. Quality control procedure involving outlier detection using Mandel’s k method. Homogenization were analyzed by using four absolute methods tests namely SNH test, Pettitt test, BR test and VNR test, these tests were chosen to detect the inhomogeneity in data, the results of each test were evaluated at significance level 0.05. Results of Mandel’s K methodwere classified into four categories (Normal, Abnormal 1, Abnormal 2 and Extreme) and represented in GIS software.The results showed that 5% of station classified as Normal, 20% of stations classified as Abnormal 1, 25% of stations classified as Extreme and 50% of stations were classified as Abnormal 2. The homogeneity tests results displayed that 5% of station assigned as “doubtful” class with break years found in (1998) for (Pettitt and BR) tests, 50% of stations assigned as “useful” class , and the other stations which represent 45% assigned as “suspect” class with break years detected for (Pettitt, SNH and BR) tests most found in (1998 ad 1999) were represents 28% of break years, 21% of break years found in (1997) and other break years found between (1991-2004).
On mω ̂-light functions
Authors: Humadi Nadia Kadum , Ali Haider Jebur
Published: January 2020

In this work we introduced new types of -light functions namely -light functions, also we introduced -disconnected, and -totally disconnected spaces. Some examples, facts, and theorems have been given to support our work.
Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis and Role of Cathepsin L-like and Cathepsin B-like Genes as Risk Factors for Abnormal Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Omer Noor meran , Alsakee Hadi M. A.
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii must invade host cells to survive and replicate. Five cathepsin proteases are encoded in the genome of T. gondii, cathepsin L like protein, cathepsin B like protein, and three cathepsin C like proteins. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among women in Erbil, and to study the role of cathepsin B and cathepsin L genes in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis as well as their role as risk factors for abnormal pregnancy outcome. Methods: This is a cross sectional study was carried out in Erbil from October 2018 to March 2019.  A total of 230 women at their reproductive age and who attended Maternity Teaching Hospital and Nazdar Bamarni primary Health Center were enrolled. Anti- toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by cobas 6000. Toxoplasma cathepsin B and cathepsin L – like genes were selected to be targets in PCR. Results: Anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM were seropositive in 105 (45.7%) and 18 (7.8%) women, respectively. Of those women who were seropositive for toxoplasmosis, only 15(6.5%) of them were carrying both anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM. No significant association of toxoplasmosis and educational level, socioeconomic level, age, history of abortion, abnormal baby birth weight were observed. PCR targeting cathepsin L was more sensitive to be used in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis is relatively high in Erbil and cathepsin L gene is an efficient target for PCR and could be used as risk factor for abnormal pregnancy outcome.
Aktivitas Kombinasi Infusa Daun Sirih Merah dan Infusa Daun Sirih dengan Klorheksidin terhadap Pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Rahayu Casanti Wiji , Nurakbar Raden Muhamad Hovi , Hartini Yustina Sri
Published: January 2020

Penggunaan klorheksidin secara terus menerus merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya resistensi bakteri Gram negatif anaerob Porphyromonas gingivalis. Kombinasi klorheksidin dengan bahan alam yang memiliki khasiat antibakteri diharapkan menghasilkan efek sinergi yang dapat mengatasi resistensi bakteri P. gingivalis. Penelitian ini mengukur aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi infusa daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav./Pc) dan infusa daun sirih (Piper betle L./Pb) dengan klorheksidin terhadap P. gingivalis, diharapkan terjadi efek sinergi pada kombinasi bahan antibakteri tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi Pc dan Pb dengan klorheksidin terhadap P. gingivalis terhadap bahan tunggalnya. Daun sirih merah dan daun sirih didapat dari daerah Sleman Yogyakarta. Ekstraksi senyawa dari daun sirih merah dan daun sirih dilakukan secara infundasi. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran menggunakan media nutrien agar darah. Penetapan aktivitas antibakteri bahan uji dengan pengukuran diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan P. gingivalis. Diameter zona hambat klorheksidin terhadap pertumbuhan P. gingivalis sebesar 2,36 ± 0,05 cm. Kombinasi Pc 100%; Pc 50%; Pb 100%; dan Pb 50% dengan klorheksidin menghasilkan diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan P. gingivalis berturut-turut sebesar 2,0 ± 0 cm;1,93 ± 0,01 cm; 2,1 ± 0 cm; dan 2,18 ± 0,01 cm. Kombinasi klorheksidin dengan Pc maupun dengan Pb tidak menghasilkan efek antibakteri yang lebih kuat terhadap pertumbuhan P. gingivalis, dibandingkan klorheksidin tunggal. Kombinasi klorheksidin dengan Pc maupun Pb tidak menunjukkan efek sinergi. Pemanfaatan Pc maupun Pb sebagai antibakteri tidak direkomendasikan untuk dikombinasi dengan klorheksidin.
Evaluasi Potensi Fraksi Rumput Gong (Eriocaulon cinereum R. Br) sebagai Antikanker Serviks terhadap sel HeLa
Authors: Jumaryatno Pinus , Nugraha Arde Toga , Diahandari Widyanur Maya , Azkiya Auva
Published: January 2020

Rumput gong (Eriocaulon cinereum R. Br.) merupakan tumbuhan yang secara tradisional telah dipergunakan masyarakat Bangka Belitung untuk mencegah pertumbuhan kanker. Penelitian pendahuluan memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol rumput gong memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel HeLa dengan IC50 masing-masing sebesar 580,07 μg/ml dan 626,41 μg/ml. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rumput gong berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku obat antikanker serviks. Dalam upaya pengembangan tersebut perlu diketahui senyawa yang bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel HeLa. Sebagai langkah awal untuk memperoleh senyawa aktif antikanker serviks dari rumput gong maka dilakukan fraksinasi terhadap ekstrak serta evaluasi aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap sel HeLa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktivitas sitotoksik fraksi dari ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol rumput gong terhadap sel HeLa. Ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol rumput gong diperoleh melalui maserasi bertingkat dengan bantuan sonikasi. Selanjutnya ekstrak etil asetat rumput gong difraksinasi menggunakan kromatografi cair vakum dengan fase gerak diklorometana dan etil asetat, sedangkan ekstrak metanol rumput gong difraksinasi menggunakan fraksinasi cair-cair secara bertingkat dengan diklorometana, kloroform dan air. Aktivitas sitotoksik dari masing-masing fraksi dievaluasi menggunakan metode MTT assay dan diukur dengan microplate reader pada panjang gelombang 595 nm. Hasil uji aktivitas sitotoksik dianalisa secara statistik menggunakan analisis PROBIT dengan SPSS 16 for Windows®. Fraksi diklorometana dan etil asetat dari ekstrak etil asetat rumput gong menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel HeLa dengan IC50 masing-masing sebesar 466,61 μg/ml dan 267,34 μg/ml. Nilai IC50 fraksi-fraksi yang diperoleh dari ekstrak metanol rumput gong adalah 235,65 μg/ml (fraksi diklorometana) dan 2325,30 μg/ml (fraksi air), sedangkan fraksi kloroform tidak memperlihatkan adanya aktivitas sitotoksik. Fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak etil asetat rumput gong dan fraksi diklorometana dari ekstrak metanol memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik yang paling poten terhadap sel HeLa. Dengan demikian fraksi-fraksi tersebut berpotensi untuk dilakukan pengkajian lebih lanjut sebagai antikanker serviks.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Paitan (Titonia diversifolia, H) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Mencit (Mus musculus) jantan
Authors: Prahmanti Kenti , Liandra Dayu
Published: January 2020

Diabetes Melitus merupakan kelainan metabolisme karbohidrat dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia. Diabetes melitus dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan sekresi insulin karena kerusakan sel beta pada pankreas dan juga resistensi insulin. Daun paitan (Tithonia diversifolia, H) mengandung tanin, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, dan triterpenoid/ steroid. Aktivitas hipoglikemik tanin terjadi melalui peningkatan glikogenesis, sehingga tanaman ini memiliki potensi sebagai antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun paitan (Tithonia diversifolia, H) terhadap kadar gula darah mencit (Mus musculus) jantan. Daun paitan (Tithonia diversifolia, H) Penelitian dilakukan secara in vivo dengan mengukur toleransi glukosa pada hewan uji mencit mencit (Mus musculus). Sampel yang digunakan adalah mencit jantan yang terbagi ke dalam 6 kelompok perlakuan dan 3 kali pengulangan, yaitu KN (kontrol negatif), KP (Aloxan), P1 (aloxan + dosis 250 mg/kgBB/hari), P2 (aloxan + dosis 500 mg/ kgBB/hari), P3 (aloxan + dosis 750 mg/kgBB/hari) dan P4 (aloxan + metformin 500 mg/kgBB.hari). Analisis data menggunakan one way ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan uji duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daun paitan (Tithonia diversifolia, H) memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah mencit (Mus musculus) jantan. Pada dosis 500 mg/kgBB/hari memberikan aktivitas penurunan kadar gula darah lebih baik dibandingkan dengan obat pembanding (metformin) pada p < 0,05. Daun paitan (Tithonia diversifolia, H) memiliki aktivias antidiabetes pada dosis 500 mg/kgBB/hari.
Identifikasi Kejadian Reaksi Obat Merugikan pada Pasien Geriatri yang Menderita Hipertensi di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit di Bandung
Authors: Julianti Andi Ika , Amalia Lia , Hartini Sri
Published: January 2020

Reaksi obat merugikan merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi pada geriatri, karena beberapa faktor seperti penurunan fungsi fisiologis dan organ, gangguan nutrisi, multipatologi dan polifarmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis reaksi obat merugikan pada pasien hipertensi yang diterapi di ruang rawat inap geriatri. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu rekomendasi bagi apoteker dan praktisi kesehatan lain untuk menjamin keamanan terapi pasien geriatri. Penelitian non experimental cross sectional ini dilakukan secara retrospektif. Penentuan probabilitas diperoleh dengan menggunakan skala Naranjo. Kriteria sampel yang digunakan adalah pasien hipertensi yang berusia di atas 65 yang terdiri dari pasien pria dan wanita yang mengalami rawat inap dalam periode waktu Agustus 2012 – Januari 2013. Diperoleh data penderita hipertensi geriatri sebanyak 86 dengan pria 40 (46,51%) dan wanita 46 (53,48%). Dalam menentukan probabilitas digunakan sampel sebanyak 32, pria 11 dan wanita 21 dengan menggunakan skala Naranjo dan hasil yang didapat : definite (dapat mungkin) 7, possible (mungkin) 8 dan diragukan 17. Diperoleh jumlah data dari masalah yang terkait obat selama proses terapi : tepat dosis 59,37% dan dosis tidak tepat 34,37%. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih ditemukan adanya masalah terkait dengan obat khususnya reaksi obat merugikan pada geriatri yang menderita hipertensi. Dengan demikian, untuk menurunkan terjadinya reaksi obat merugikan perlu dilakukan pengidentifikasikan pada pemakaian obat dengan menghubungkan faktor-faktor khusus yang dialami oleh para geriatri.
Aktivitas Antimikroba Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Ceremai [Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels] terhadap Bakteri Resisten Antimikroba dan Jamur dengan Metode KLT Bioautografi
Authors: Mulqie Lanny , Anggadireja Kusnandar
Published: January 2020

Resistensi dan toksisitas antimikroba menyebabkan penggunaan obat herbal sebagai alternatif  pengobatan berbagai penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroba. Ekstrak etanol daun ceremai memiliki aktivitas terhadap VRE, MRCNS, dan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba fraksi etil asetat daun ceremai terhadap bakteri resisten antimikroba [Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)] dan jamur uji (Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, dan Aspergillus niger) dengan metode KLT bioautografi. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut dengan tingkat kepolaran yang berbeda, yaitu n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. KLT bioautografi pada fraksi etil asetat daun ceremai dilakukan menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan pengembang etil asetat-asam format-asam asetat-air (100:10:10:22), menggunakan sitroborat sebagai penampak bercak. Pada hasil kromatogram terdapat 5 noda yang berfluoresensi hijau kekuningan dengan nilai rf noda 1 sebesar 0,35; noda 2 sebesar 0,43, noda 3 sebesar 0,62, noda 4 sebesar 0,75 dan noda 5 sebesar 0,90 setelah plat disemprot oleh sitroborat dan dilihat di bawah sinar UV. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dengan metode KLT bioautografi menunjukkan terbentuknya zona bening yang dihasilkan noda pada plat yang ditempelkan pada media. Fraksi etil asetat daun ceremai memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri resisten antimikroba (MRSA, MRCNS, dan VRE) dan jamur  uji (Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, dan Aspergillus niger) yang dihasilkan oleh noda 1 (rf 0,35), noda 2 (rf 0,43), noda 3 (rf 0,62), noda 4 (rf 0,75), dan noda 5 (rf 0,90). Golongan senyawa yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antimikroba adalah flavonoid.
What is the Diagnosis?
Authors: Cota Pacheco Júlio , Silvestre Knust Beatriz , Paes Leme Jonas , S. C. A. Santos Hercilia
Published: January 2020

The tracings obtained in long-term electrocardiographic monitoring by the Holter system.
Eletrocardiograma na Síndrome de Haïssaguerre (Repolarização Precoce)
Authors: Chiarini Raphael , Eduardo Duarte Carlos , Durval Ramalho Trigueiro Mendes Junior João , Tarcísio Medeiros de Vasconcelos José , dos Santos Galvão Filho Silas
Published: January 2020

Introdução: O padrão de repolarização precoce (RP) tem sido tradicionalmente relacionado como uma variante benigna do eletrocardiograma (ECG). No entanto, desde 2008, quando dois estudos foram publicados por Haïssaguerre et al. e Rosso et al., com evidências de maior prevalência de RP em pessoas acometidas por fibrilação ventricular (FV) primária ou idiopática, esse paradigma tem sido contestado. Objetivo: Realizar uma profunda revisão acerca da RP e atual estado da arte acerca da estratificação de risco nesses pacientes. Métodos: Revisão da literatura acerca do tema avaliando os trabalhos publicados em revistas de alto impacto e a experiência dos especialistas sobre o assunto. Conclusão: A correlação de fatores de risco e o real valor dos vários métodos atualmente disponíveis como possíveis estratificadores de risco ainda são controversos. Avanços nas áreas da genética e biologia molecular podem futuramente auxiliar no entendimento da fisiopatologia e melhor estratificação de risco nessa população. Neste contexto, a padronização da definição e classificação da repolarização precoce mostra-se imperativa, uma vez que servirá de substrato para futuros estudos e pesquisas na área.
Pré-excitação Ventricular como Causa de Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda Parcialmente Reversível com Ablação da via Anômala
Authors: Paulo Chaves de Melo João , Licia Ribeiro Cury Pavão Maria , Arfelli Elerson , Garcia Leal Marcelo , Antonio Marin-Neto José , Schmidt Andre
Published: January 2020

A pré-excitação ventricular é causa rara de cardiomiopatia induzida ou mediada por arritmias. As vias acessórias à direita, especificamente com padrão de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo, podem causar disfunção ventricular pela ativação ventricular anormal resultante da condução anterógrada pela via acessória, por causar dessincronismo atrioventricular, interventricular e intraventricular, com contração assíncrona da parede ventriculare regurgitação mitral. Foi descrita uma paciente assintomática, com eletrocardiograma exibindo pré-excitação ventricular, blo-queio do ramo esquerdo e disfunção ventricular sistólica moderada. Estudo eletrofisiológico demonstrou via acessória de localização anterior e com período refratário anterógrado de 600 ms, realizando-se ablação por radiofrequência com sucesso e significativa melhora da função ventricular.
Generation differences in importance perception of productive ageing and the validity analysis of productive ageing scale
Authors: Rie Juil , Kang Younwook , Kim Jihyun , Ryu Kyung
Published: January 2020

This study has two purposes. One is to identify generation differences in importance perception of productive ageing. Second is to find relationship between productive ageing and successful ageing. First, we developed 20 items to measure productive activities based on Caro, Bass, & Chen (1993)'s definition. Our items were divided into 4 factors; to do activities for life goals, to do activities for self career development, to do activities for family assistance, and to do volunteering activities. In our research, we found generation differences in importance perception of productive activities for successful ageing. In comparison with the elderly, younger people considered it more important to do activities for life goals, career development, and volunteering in their old age. Productive ageing scale of 20 items newly developed for this study was divided into 4 factors in our confirmatory factor analysis, and the reliability of 4 sub-scales was good. The importance perception of productive ageing was significantly related with subjective wellbeing and life meaning. Even after controlling personality such as extroversions, conscientiousness, and openness, it explained significantly subjective wellbeing and life meaning. Lastly, working elderly and non-working elderly were different in meaning perception about productive ageing. Working elderly considered it important to do activities for life goals.
The self-assessment accuracy and its relationship with performance and individual characteristics
Authors: Roh YounHee , Sohn YoungWoo
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the effects of self-assessment accuracy on individual performance. The self-assessment accuracy was defined as the degree of agreement between self- and other-assessments. A total of 158 subjects assessed themselves and others in their groups on the extent to which they actively participate in their group-based task. Following the method of Atwater and Yammarino (1997), subjects were classified into four groups. Individuals assessed as high by self and others, low by self and others, high by self and low by others, and low by self and high by others were categorized as in-agreement/high assessors, in-agreement/low assessors, over-estimators, and under-estimators, respectively. To test the hypothesis that in-agreement/high assessors will show greater performance than in-agreement/low assessors, over-estimators, and under-estimators, one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc analysies were used. The results showed that in-agreement/high assessors showed greater performance (i.e., final record) than in-agreement/low assessors and over-estimators, and so the hypothesis was partially supported. In addition, this study tested the hypotheses that in-agreement/high assessors will show better indices in such individual characteristics as internal locus of control, self-esteem, self-efficacy, conscientiousness, and neuroticism than in-agreement/low assessors, over-estimators, and under-estimators. The results showed that in-agreement/high assessors showed higher self-efficacy and conscientiousness than in-agreement/low assessors, and so the hypotheses were partially supported.
Development and Validity of the Coaching Leadership Scale
Authors: Cho Eunhyun , Tak Jinkook
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop the coaching leadership scale and to examine the validity of the scale and the effect of coaching leadership on organizational attitude. 125 preliminary items and 8 factors of the coaching leadership scale were obtained based on contents analyses of relevant articles, focus group interview, executive coach interviews, and open questionnaires. I used an on-line survey to collect data. The initial coaching leadership scale was distributed to 293 employees for the first sample and 200 employees for the second sample. Results of exploratory factor analyses of the scale showed that the four factor solution with 38 items fit the data best. To test the validity of the scale, the questionnaire was distributed to 600 employees who were working in various types of companies. In order to check cross-validity of the scale, the total group was divided into two sub-groups with 300 employees of each group. 4 factors(respect, goal-setting and feedback, changing the view point, and belief of the growth potential of subordinates) with 24 items were obtained based on exploratory factor analyses for the first sub-group. This four-factor solution was supported by an confirmatory factor analysis for the second sub-group. The coaching leadership scale was significantly correlated with various criteria such as self-efficacy and supervisor trust, organizational citizenship, and organizational commitment, confirming criterion related validity of the scale. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and the directions for the future research were discussed.
The effect of delegation and perceived organizational support on organizational identification and contextual performance
Authors: Lee DongSun , Yoo TaeYong
Published: January 2020

The first purpose of this study was to examine the influence of delegation and perceived organizational support(POS) on organizational identification and contextual performance. And the second purpose was to examine the moderating effect of growth need strength(GNS) on the relationship between delegation and organizational identification, and the moderating effect of dispositional cynicism on the relationship between POS and organizational identification. Data were gathered from 202 employees who were working in various organizations in Korea. To reduce the effect from common method bias, the contextual performance was rated by both self and others(twenty-two peers or supervisors). As results, the delegation and perceived organizational support had positive relationships with organizational identification. and organizational identification had mediating effect on the relationship between predictors(delegation and POS) and self-rating contextual performance. But there was no mediating effect of organizational identification on the relationship between predictors(delegation and POS) and other-rating contextual performance. The growth need strength had moderating effect on th relationship delegation and organizational identification because the relationship was more positive when GNS was high. Also dispositional cynicism had moderating effect on the relationship perceived organizational support and organizational identification because the relationship was more positive when dispositional cynicism was low. Finally, implication of results and future research tasks were discussed with limitations
Comparison of factor scores and factor structures of NEO-PI R between job applicants and normative group
Authors: Jung SungCheol
Published: January 2020

The present study aimed to analyse the extent to which Positive Presentation Management influences on factor scores and factor structure of NEO-PI R personality inventory in the context of personnel selection. Subjects of present study are 21,349 applicants who applied for a French public transport organization and filled out NEO-PI R personality inventory during 5 years. Comparisons with French norm showed significant differences in scores of all of five factors: scores of Neuroticism and Openness are lower than French norm (deflation of factor scores) and those of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness are higher than French norm (inflation of factor scores). Confirmatory factor analysis and Procrustes rotation demonstrated that variations of factor scores due to Positive Presentation Management did not affect 5-dimensional factor structure. From these results, we can conclude that applicants' Positive Presentation Management affect factor scores but does not affect structural validity of NEO-PI R. We further proposed a norm of NEO-PI R scores for individuals in contexts of high-stakes testing.
Comparison of validities for scoring keys and scoring algorithms in situational judgment test
Authors: Kim EuiSoo , Han YoungSeok , Kim MyoungSo
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the present study was to examine the fakability of the situational judgment test. Specifically, the study was focused on the following questions; (1) whether participants are able to fake their answers on the situational judgment test in the real situation of selection, (2) whether faking influences the criterion-related validity of the situational judgment test and its incremental validity over cognitive and personality tests, and (3) whether the combination of different scoring key(SME consensus, average in response, and empirical keying) and different scoring algorithm(scenario, Best-Worst, and Pick most) has influence on the degree of fakability as well as both criterion-related validity and incremental validity of the situational judgment test. 110 students who applied to the leadership program were considered the faking group, while 129 students of B department at A university were considered the honest group. The members of both groups completed a cognitive test, a personality questionnaire and a situational judgment test. Only for the situational judgment tests, each group was asked to respond as instructed. Another group of 78 students of A university participated in the survey to develop two scoring key(empirical, average in response keying). SME consensus key was developed by 9 SMEs(5 undergraduate students with leadership and good GPA, 4 graduate students). And then 9 situational judgment scores were produced independently. Results indicated that the all scores of students in the faking group were significantly higher than those of students in the honest group. Furthermore, criterion-related validity of the situational judgement test in the honest group was higher than that of the faking group for both task performance and contextual performance. While faking had negative effects on the criterion-related validity for both criteria of performance, incremental validity of the situational judgement test in the honest group was higher than that of the faking group only for the contextual criteria. Finally, the limitation and future direction of the present study were discussed.