bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare Complication after a Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy: A Giant Retroperitoneal Hematoma
Authors: Chiancone Francesco , Mirone Vincenzo , Fedelini Maurizio , Meccariello Clemente , Pucci Luigi , Carrino Maurizio , Fedelini Paolo
Published: November 2015

Common complications related to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostatic needle biopsy are hematuria, hematospermia, and hematochezia. To the best of our knowledge, we report the second case of a very large hematoma extending from the pelvis into the retroperitoneal space in literature.

A 66-year-old man with a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 5.4 ng/ml was admitted to our department for a TRUS-guided prostatic needle biopsy. Laboratory values on the day before biopsy, including coagulation studies, were all normal. The patients did not take any anticoagulant drugs. No immediate complications were encountered. Nevertheless, 7 hours after the biopsy, the patient reached our emergency department with severe diffuse abdominal pain, hypotension, tachycardia, and confusional state. He underwent an ultrasonography and then a computed tomography (CT) scan that showed “a blood collection in the pelvis that extending to the lower pole of left kidney associated with a focus of active contrast extravasation, indicating active ongoing prostate bleeding.” Consequently, he underwent a diagnostic angiography that showed no more contrast extravasation, without the need of embolization. Management of hematoma has been conservative and hematoma was completely reabsorbed 4 months later.
Hamlet, Art, and Apoptosis: The Shakespearean Artwork of Julie Newdoll
Authors: Eppich-Harris Marcia
Published: November 2015

Contemporary artist Julie Newdoll's painted series “Shakespeare: The Mirror up to Science” explores the connection between Shakespeare's Hamlet, suicide, and science. Using the thesis supported by the work of Burton R. Pollin that Hamlet's revenge is fueled by his desire to commit suicide, Newdoll shows how the biological process of apoptosis—that is, programmed cell death—can be used as a metaphor for Hamlet's suicide narrative through her paintings.
Educar en los valores universales de la cultura de paz
Authors: Silva Erwin
Published: November 2015

El presente trabajo recoge una investigación documental ampliada cuyo propósito principal es determinar en el desarrollo histórico normativo de la Cultura de Paz, todos aquellos componentes, elementos y valores que fundamentan la nueva educación para una cultura de paz. En el trayecto histórico del establecimiento de los instrumentos normativos de la cultura de paz, nos encontramos con que estos textos jurídicos internacionales son como una especie de plataforma para proyectar de forma clara y pedagógica una educación para una cultura de paz requerida en estos tiempos de crisis axiológica, económica, política, social y ambiental.Los valores implícitos o explícitamente declarados están comprendidos en estos documentos generados por académicos, investigadores y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas y que empiezan con la definición de cultura de paz como conjunto de valores. Estos valores como la armonía, la libertad, la justicia, la solidaridad y la paz, se precisan para el desarrollo de a ciudadanía así como de los valores cordiales de la tolerancia y la solidaridad que parte de una actitud no violenta y respetuosa de la vida y la dignidad humana.Si se tiene una visión multifacética resulta que los ocho ejes de acción de una cultura de paz se verá que se corresponden de algún modo con los tipos de educación necesarios también para el desarrollo de las habilidades, competencias y el pensamiento crítico, propios para construir una cultura de paz.
Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita. Reporte de Caso
Authors: Ponce Carlos Felipe , Campos Elba , Gómez Inestroza Alex Milán
Published: November 2015

La Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita (HSC) es una enfermedad endocrina genética. En el 90% de los casos es causada por mutaciones en el gen CYP21A2, que codifica la enzima esteroide adrenal 21-hidroxilasa (21-OH) implicada en la esteroidogénesis. Esto provoca hipersecreción de la hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH), llevando a la producción anormalmente elevada de andrógenos suprarrenales.Se trata de un recién nacido con genitales ambiguos caracterizados por hipertrofia de clítoris, con la piel hiperpigmentada en el área genital, fusión labio escrotal en línea media y seno urogenital abajo del falo o clítoris de aproximadamente 1 mm de diámetro. No se palparon gónadas. El estudio sonográfico reportó glándulas suprarrenales dentro de los límites normales, con útero de forma y tamaño normal. No se observó presencia de testículos. El diagnóstico oportuno permitió la instauración del tratamiento en los primeros días de vida con la prevención subsecuente de complicaciones.Acta Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 4, No. 2 / Octubre 2013 a Marzo 2014: 313-317
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 5, No. 4
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: November 2015

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2015
Impact of Low Prices on Shale Gas Production Strategies
Authors: Ikonnikova Svetlana , Gülen Gürcan
Published: November 2015

We investigate shale gas drilling strategies during times oflow oil and gas prices. Producers exhaust their high-productivity locations quickly in times oflow prices, and then adapt their drilling practices to increase the inventory of commercially viable projects. Investment in a new well may be reduced relative to the cost of previously drilled wells in the same location (from now on, original wells) through closer well spacing, use of existing infrastructure, and, perhaps most importantly, use of fewer inputs (e.g., less water and proppant). Inventory of drilling locations is expanded through such infill drilling, which may or may not be economically viable on an individual well basis but which has the potential to increase area recovery and portfolio returns.
On the tricyclic graphs with three disjoint 6-cycles and maximum matching energy
Authors: Zhou Yun-Xia , Li Hong-Hai
Published: November 2015

The matching energy of a graph was introduced recently by Gutman and Wagner and defined as the sum of the absolute values of zeros of its matching polynomial. In this paper, we characterize graphs that attain the maximum matching energy among all connected tricyclic graphs of order $n$ with three vertex-disjoint $C_6$'s.
Knowledge Management in a Competitive Scenario of an Information Technology Company
Authors: Cuffa Denise De , Rojo Claudio Antonio , Maccari Emerson Antonio
Published: November 2015

This research aimed at proposing a knowledge management plan to increase competitiveness in an information technology company. It used qualitative methodology based on a study case, which analyzed the context of internal and external environments in which Intelitech Company operates. The data collection was divided into three steps: (1) application of a questionnaire to the manager and Intelitech employees, which was composed of knowledge management practices (KMPs), aiming at obtaining previous practices from the company and therefore internal critical variables; (2) application of Rojo’s (2005) scenario simulation model in order to identify external critical variables; and (3) formulation of a proposal for KMPs improvements according to simulated scenarios and the internal and external critical variables previously identified. So, this research resulted in the development of an action plan for two scenarios: (C1) case scenario to expansion of the market, therefore the company could hire new employees and expand its physical structure o, enhance IT tools and ask for manager's flexibility towards a new culture; and (C2) also to observe an unfavorable scenario of restricted market, it would be necessary to build customers loyal order to use IT tools, as well as interact and communicate with them. Thus, it was concluded and confirmed the hypothesis that knowledge management can enhance competitiveness of an IT company.
Telepathology Impacts and Implementation Challenges: A Scoping Review
Authors: Meyer Julien , Paré Guy
Published: November 2015

Context

Telepathology is a particular form of telemedicine that fundamentally alters the way pathology services are delivered. Prior reviews in this area have mostly focused on 2 themes, namely technical feasibility issues and diagnosis accuracy.

Objectives

To synthesize the literature on telepathology implementation challenges and broader organizational and societal impacts and to propose a research agenda to guide future efforts in this domain.

Data Sources

Two complementary databases were systematically searched: MEDLINE (PubMed) and ABI/INFORM (ProQuest). Peer-reviewed articles and conference proceedings were considered. The final sample consisted of 159 papers published between 1992 and 2013.

Conclusions

This review highlights the diversity of telepathology networks and the importance of considering these distinctions when interpreting research findings. Various network structures are associated with different benefits. Although the dominant rationale in single-site projects is financial, larger centralized and decentralized telepathology networks are targeting a more diverse set of benefits, including extending access to pathology to a whole region, achieving substantial economies of scale in workforce and equipment, and improving quality by standardizing care. Importantly, our synthesis reveals that the nature and scale of encountered implementation challenges also varies depending on the network structure. In smaller telepathology networks, organizational concerns are less prominent, and implementers are more focused on usability issues. As the network scope widens, organizational and legal issues gain prominence.
The HIV care cascade: a systematic review of data sources, methodology and comparability
Authors: Medland Nicholas A , McMahon James H , Chow Eric PF , Elliott Julian H , Hoy Jennifer F , Fairley Christopher K
Published: November 2015

Introduction

The cascade of HIV diagnosis, care and treatment (HIV care cascade) is increasingly used to direct and evaluate interventions to increase population antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, a key component of treatment as prevention. The ability to compare cascades over time, sub‐population, jurisdiction or country is important. However, differences in data sources and methodology used to construct the HIV care cascade might limit its comparability and ultimately its utility. Our aim was to review systematically the different methods used to estimate and report the HIV care cascade and their comparability.

Methods

A search of published and unpublished literature through March 2015 was conducted. Cascades that reported the continuum of care from diagnosis to virological suppression in a demographically definable population were included. Data sources and methods of measurement or estimation were extracted. We defined the most comparable cascade elements as those that directly measured diagnosis or care from a population‐based data set.

Results and discussions

Thirteen reports were included after screening 1631 records. The undiagnosed HIV‐infected population was reported in seven cascades, each of which used different data sets and methods and could not be considered to be comparable. All 13 used mandatory HIV diagnosis notification systems to measure the diagnosed population. Population‐based data sets, derived from clinical data or mandatory reporting of CD4 cell counts and viral load tests from all individuals, were used in 6 of 12 cascades reporting linkage, 6 of 13 reporting retention, 3 of 11 reporting ART and 6 of 13 cascades reporting virological suppression. Cascades with access to population‐based data sets were able to directly measure cascade elements and are therefore comparable over time, place and sub‐population. Other data sources and methods are less comparable.

Conclusions

To ensure comparability, countries wishing to accurately measure the cascade should utilize complete population‐based data sets from clinical data from elements of a centralized healthcare setting, where available, or mandatory CD4 cell count and viral load test result reporting. Additionally, virological suppression should be presented both as percentage of diagnosed and percentage of estimated total HIV‐infected population, until methods to calculate the latter have been standardized.
Low-threshold-current yellow BeZnCdSe quantum-well ridge-waveguide laser diodes under continuous-wave room-temperature operation
Authors: Feng Jijun , Akimoto Ryoichi
Published: November 2015

Low-threshold-current yellow BeZnCdSe single-quantum-well (SQW) laser diodes (LDs) have been developed by using a ridge-waveguide structure. The top p-cladding layer was etched to suppress the leakage current that flowed laterally outside of the electrode. Ridge waveguides were covered with a SiO2 layer and planarized by chemical–mechanical polishing and reactive ion etching. Room-temperature lasing under continuous-wave condition was achieved with the laser cavity formed by cleaved waveguide facets coated with high-reflectivity dielectric films. Two types of LDs with different SQW thicknesses and Cd contents were developed and compared at various waveguide widths and lengths. Yellow LDs with sub-10 mA threshold current were obtained.
Generation of low-frequency drift pulse trains by direct modulation of a distributed-feedback laser array
Authors: Kuroda Keiji , Yoshikuni Yuzo
Published: November 2015

We propose a simple method to generate low-frequency drift pulse trains by direct modulation of a laser diode system consisting of a distributed-feedback laser array and a semiconductor optical amplifier. We measure the temporal profiles, beat signals and spectra of pulses generated under three different sets of conditions. We found that low-frequency drift pulse trains are generated by application of a DC voltage to one of the laser diodes and a pulse voltage to the semiconductor optical amplifier.
Growth of non-polar a-plane AlN on r-plane sapphire
Authors: Jo Masafumi , Hirayama Hideki
Published: November 2015

Growth of non-polar AlN is crucial to the realization of polarization-free light-emitting diodes in deep UV range. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth condition for obtaining a flat a-plane AlN on r-plane sapphire. A thin AlN layer grown at lower temperature played an important role in protecting the sapphire surface. Both high temperature and low V/III ratio were necessary in terms of enhanced adatom diffusion, leading to the formation of a flat AlN buffer.
Application of the Mathieu’s equation for a design of a photonic crystal supporting surface electromagnetic waves
Authors: Rostova E. , Dietler G. , Sekatskii S. K.
Published: November 2015

Nowadays, unique characteristics of surface electromagnetic waves, particularly, surface plasmons supported by a specially designed photonic crystal find numerous applications. We propose to exploit an evident analogy between such a photonic crystal and a structure with a sine-modulated refractive index. The light propagation inside the latter is described by the famous Mathieu’s differential equation. This application of the Mathieu’s equation can be useful for a design of multilayer structures, and also for fundamental understanding of electromagnetic phenomena in inhomogeneous media.
Radionuclides, 6. The Biological Effects of Radiation and Radionuclides
Authors: Miska Horst
Published: November 2015

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Radiation Effects and Dose Quantities3.Biological Radiation Effects3.1Radiation Damage to DNA3.2Repair of DNA Damage in the Cell3.3Cellular Radiation Effects3.4Radiation Effects on Tissue3.5Radiation Detriment3.5.1Classification of Radiation Detriment3.5.2Radiation Carcinogenesis3.6Heritable Radiation Effects3.7Teratogenic Radiation Effects4.Radiological Protection4.1Principles of Radiological Protection4.2Operational Radiation Protection4.3Practical Aspects of Radiation Protection4.4Intake of Radionuclides4.5Exposure of the Population by Natural and Man‐Made Radioisotopes5.References
Multifrequential periodogram analysis of earthquake occurrence: An alternative approach to the Schuster spectrum, with two examples in central California
Authors: Dutilleul Pierre , Johnson Christopher W. , Bürgmann Roland , Wan Yongge , Shen Zheng‐Kang
Published: November 2015

Periodic earthquake occurrences may reflect links with semidiurnal to multiyear tides, seasonal hydrological loads, and ~14 month pole tide forcing. The Schuster spectrum is a recent extension of Schuster's traditional test for periodicity analysis in seismology. We present an alternative approach: the multifrequential periodogram analysis (MFPA), performed on time series of monthly earthquake numbers. We explore if seismicity in two central California regions, the Central San Andreas Fault near Parkfield (CSAF‐PKD) and the Sierra Nevada‐Eastern California Shear Zone (SN‐ECSZ), exhibits periodic behavior at periods of 2 months to several years. Original and declustered catalogs spanning up to 26 years were analyzed with both methods. For CSAF‐PKD, the MFPA resolves ~1 year periodicities, with additional statistically significant periods of ~6 and ~4 months; for SN‐ECSZ, it finds a strong ~14 month periodic component. Unlike the Schuster spectrum, the MFPA has an exact modified statistic at non‐Fourier frequencies. Informed by the MFPA period estimates, trigonometric models with periods of 12, 6, and 4 months (Model 1) and 14.24 and 12 months (Model 2) were fitted to time series of earthquake numbers. For CSAF‐PKD, Model 1 shows a peak annual earthquake occurrence during August‐November and a secondary peak in April. Similar peaks, or troughs, are found in annual and semiannual components of pole tide and tide‐induced stress model time series and fault normal‐stress reduction from seasonal hydrological unloading. For SN‐ECSZ, the dominant ~14 month periodicity prevents regular annual peaking, and Model 2 provides a better fit (Δ
: 2.4%). This new MFPA application resolves several periodicities in earthquake catalogs that reveal external periodic forcing.
Observations of whitecap coverage and the relation to wind stress, wave slope, and turbulent dissipation
Authors: Schwendeman Michael , Thomson Jim
Published: November 2015

Shipboard measurements of whitecap coverage are presented from two cruises in the North Pacific, and compared with in situ measurements of wind speed and friction velocity, average wave steepness, and near‐surface turbulent dissipation. A threshold power law fit is proposed for all variables, which incorporates the flexibility of a power law with the threshold behavior commonly seen in whitecapping. The fit of whitecap coverage to wind speed, U10, closely matches similar relations from three recent studies, particularly in the range of 6–14 m/s. At higher wind speeds, the whitecap coverage data level off relative to the fits, and an analysis of the residuals shows some evidence of reduced whitecapping in rapidly developing waves. Wave slope variables are examined for potential improvement over wind speed parameterizations. Of these variables, the mean square slope of the equilibrium range waves has the best statistics, which are further improved after normalizing by the directional spread and frequency bandwidth. Finally, the whitecap coverage is compared to measurements of turbulent dissipation. Though still statistically significant, the correlation is worse than the wind or wave relations, and residuals show a strong negative trend with wave age. This may be due to an increased influence of microbreaking in older wind seas.
Mixed‐layer ocean responses to anthropogenic aerosol dimming from 1870 to 2000
Authors: Dallafior T. N. , Folini D. , Knutti R. , Wild M.
Published: November 2015

It is debated to what extent surface solar radiation (SSR) changes through varying anthropogenic aerosol emissions since industrialization affected surface temperatures (tsurf). We use mixed‐layer ocean experiments with the general circulation model ECHAM6.1 and explicit aerosols (HAM2.2) to identify regions where this effect is discernible. For each decade from 1870 to 2000 we derive three equilibria: anthropogenic aerosol emissions and greenhouse gas concentrations at the respective decade's levels (ALL), either aerosols or greenhouse gases fixed at year 1850 levels (GHG and AERO). We duplicated parts of the experiments with different prescribed divergence of ocean heat transport (Q_ALL, Q_AERO, and Q_GHG). Comparing year 2000 with year 1870 equilibria, we find global average cooling of −1.4 K for AERO and warming of 1.4 K for GHG. ALL and Q_ALL warm by 0.6 K and 0.4 K, respectively. The way divergence of ocean heat transport is prescribed thus matters. Pattern correlations of year 2000 tsurf responses in ALL with the sum of AERO and GHG are higher (0.88) than with Q_ALL (0.71) confirming additivity of global patterns, but not of global means. The imprint of anthropogenic aerosols on tsurf response patterns in ALL is distinct, thus potentially detectable. Over the decades, ocean fractions affected by either changing aerosol optical depth or all‐sky SSR vary in concert, supporting linkage between anthropogenic aerosols and all‐sky SSR. SSR changes and tsurf responses are marginally collocated. Oceanic regions with strongest tsurf response to aerosol‐induced SSR changes are the northern midlatitudes and North Pacific with tsurf sensitivities up to −0.7 K W m−2 SSR change.
Ligand‐Free Synthesis of Aluminum‐Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals and their Use as Optical Spacers in Color‐Tuned Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gaceur Meriem , Dkhil Sadok Ben , Duché David , Bencheikh Fatima , Simon Jean‐Jacques , Escoubas Ludovic , Mansour Mahdi , Guerrero Antonio , Garcia‐Belmonte Germà , Liu Xianjie , Fahlman Mats , Dachraoui Walid , Diallo Abdou Karim , Videlot‐Ackermann Christine , Margeat Olivier , Ackermann Jörg
Published: November 2015

The color of polymer solar cells using an opaque electrode is given by the reflected light, which depends on the composition and thickness of each layer of the device. Metal‐oxide‐based optical spacers are intensively studied in polymer solar cells aiming to optimize the light absorption. However, the low conductivity of materials such as ZnO and TiO2 limits the thickness of such optical spacers to tenths of nanometers. A novel synthesis route of cluster‐free Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) nanocrystals (NCs) is presented for solution processing of highly conductive layers without the need of temperature annealing, including thick optical spacers on top of polymer blends. The processing of 80 nm thick optical spacers based on AZO nanocrystal solutions on top of 200 nm thick polymer blend layer is demonstrated leading to improved photocurrent density of 17% compared to solar cells using standard active layers of 90 nm in combination with thin ZnO‐based optical spacers. These AZO NCs also open new opportunities for the processing of high‐efficiency color tuned solar cells. For the first time, it is shown that applying solution‐processed thick optical spacer with polymer blends of different thicknesses can process solar cells of similar efficiency over 7% but of different colors.
Peroxygenase‐katalysierte Oxyfunktionalisierung angetrieben durch Methanoloxidation
Authors: Ni Yan , Fernández‐Fueyo Elena , Baraibar Alvaro Gomez , Ullrich René , Hofrichter Martin , Yanase Hideshi , Alcalde Miguel , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Hollmann Frank
Published: November 2015

Peroxygenasen katalysieren eine Vielzahl stereoselektiver Oxyfunktionalisierungen unter Verwendung von Wasserstoffperoxid als einzigem Oxidationsmittel. Allerdings werden Peroxygenasen auch durch H2O2 irreversibel inaktiviert. Für robuste Peroxygenase‐Reaktionen ist also eine effiziente In‐situ‐Bereitstellung von H2O2 unabdingbar. Hier beschreiben wir eine neuartige Enzymkaskade zur reduktiven Aktivierung von Luftsauerstoff unter Verwendung von Methanol als stöchiometrischem Reduktionsmittel. Am Beispiel der stereoselektiven Hydroxylierung von Ethylbenzol zu (R)‐1‐Phenylethanol zeigen wir die effiziente Nutzung aller in Methanol gespeicherten Reduktionsäquivalente zur reduktiven Aktivierung von O2.
Natürliche Fimbrolide inhibieren Autoinduktorbiosynthese und Luziferaseaktivität und unterdrücken damit die Biolumineszenz in Vibrio
Authors: Zhao Weining , Lorenz Nicola , Jung Kirsten , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: November 2015

Vibrio ist ein Modellorganismus zur molekularen Analyse des Quorum Sensings (QS) und zur Identifikation QS‐interferierender Wirkstoffe. Die natürlichen Fimbrolide sind für die QS‐inhibierenden Wirkungen in verschiedenen Organismen bekannt, allerdings waren die zellulären Angriffspunkte bisher verborgen. Nun ist es gelungen, die irreversiblen Zielstrukturen der Fimbrolide im Proteom von V. harveyi und V. campbellii mithilfe quantitativer Massenspektrometrie und chemisch modifizierter Fimbrolide aufzudecken. Hauptangriffspunkte sind zwei Proteine, die eine essenzielle Rolle für QS und Biolumineszenz in Vibrio spielen. LuxS, das für die Autoinduktor‐2‐Biosynthese verantwortlich ist, und LuxE, eine Untereinheit des Luziferasekomplexes, wurden beide kovalent an Cysteinresten im jeweiligen aktiven Zentrum modifiziert und dadurch inhibiert. Die Identifizierung von LuxE ist in Einklang mit früheren Studien, die die Inhibierung der Biolumineszenz ebenfalls downstream der Signalkaskade vermuteten.
Remarkable Dependence of the Final Charge Separation Efficiency on the Donor–Acceptor Interaction in Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Higashino Tomohiro , Yamada Tomoki , Yamamoto Masanori , Furube Akihiro , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Miura Taku , Kobori Yasuhiro , Jono Ryota , Yamashita Koichi , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: November 2015

The unprecedented dependence of final charge separation efficiency as a function of donor–acceptor interaction in covalently‐linked molecules with a rectilinear rigid oligo‐p‐xylene bridge has been observed. Optimization of the donor–acceptor electronic coupling remarkably inhibits the undesirable rapid decay of the singlet charge‐separated state to the ground state, yielding the final long‐lived, triplet charge‐separated state with circa 100 % efficiency. This finding is extremely useful for the rational design of artificial photosynthesis and organic photovoltaic cells toward efficient solar energy conversion.
Unraveling Inter‐ and Intrachain Electronics in Polythiophene Assemblies Mediated by Coordination Nanospaces
Authors: MacLean Michael W. A. , Kitao Takashi , Suga Takeo , Mizuno Motohiro , Seki Shu , Uemura Takashi , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: November 2015

Strong interchain interactions render unsubstituted polythiophene un‐fusible, non‐melting, and insoluble. Therefore, control of the packing structure, which has a profound effect on the optical and electronic properties of the polymer, has never been achieved. Unsubstituted polythiophene was prepared in the one‐dimensional channels of [La(1,3,5‐benzenetrisbenzoate)]n, where polymer chains form unprecedented assembly structures mediated by the host framework. It is noteworthy that the emission and carrier transport properties were drastically changed by varying the number of chains within a particular assembly. The response of the composite to additional guests is also examined as a method to use the composites as low‐concentration sensors. Our findings show that the encapsulation of polymer chains in host materials is a facile method for understanding the intrinsic properties of conjugated polymers, along with controlling and enhancing their functions.
Gold‐Catalyzed CH Annulation of Anthranils with Alkynes: A Facile, Flexible, and Atom‐Economical Synthesis of Unprotected 7‐Acylindoles
Authors: Jin Hongming , Huang Long , Xie Jin , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: November 2015

The gold‐catalyzed CH annulation of anthranil derivatives with alkynes offers a facile, flexible, and atom‐economical one‐step route to unprotected 7‐acylindoles. An intermediate α‐imino gold carbene, generated by an intermolecular reaction, promotes ortho‐aryl CH functionalization to afford the target products. The transformation proceeds with a broad range of substrates under mild conditions. Moreover, the obtained functionalized indole products represent a versatile platform for the construction of diverse indolyl frameworks.
Adjuvants Based on Hybrid Antibiotics Overcome Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enhance Fluoroquinolone Efficacy
Authors: Gorityala Bala Kishan , Guchhait Goutam , Fernando Dinesh M. , Deo Soumya , McKenna Sean A. , Zhanel George G. , Kumar Ayush , Schweizer Frank
Published: November 2015

The use of adjuvants that rescue antibiotics against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens is a promising combination strategy for overcoming bacterial resistance. While the combination of β‐lactam antibiotics and β‐lactamase inhibitors has been successful in restoring antibacterial efficacy in MDR bacteria, the use of adjuvants to restore fluoroquinolone efficacy in MDR Gram‐negative pathogens has been challenging. We describe tobramycin–ciprofloxacin hybrid adjuvants that rescue the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against MDR and extremely drug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in vitro and enhance fluoroquinolone efficacy in vivo. Structure–activity studies reveal that the presence of both tobramycin and ciprofloxacin, which are separated by a C12 tether, is critical for the function of the adjuvant. Mechanistic studies indicate that the antibacterial modes of ciprofloxacin are retained while the role of tobramycin is limited to destabilization of the outer membrane in the hybrid.
Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions with Fluorinated Aromatic Ketones: Efficient Access to Chiral β‐Fluoroamines
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Saget Tanguy , Lerchen Andreas , Hung Chao‐I (Joey)
Published: November 2015

Reported herein is a Zn/Prophenol‐catalyzed Mannich reaction using fluorinated aromatic ketones as nucleophilic partners for the direct enantio‐ and diastereoselective construction of β‐fluoroamine motifs featuring a fluorinated tetrasubstituted carbon. The reaction can be run on a gram scale with a low catalyst loading without impacting its efficiency. Moreover, a related aldol reaction was also developed. Together, these reactions provide a new approach for the preparation of pharmaceutically relevant products possessing tetrasubstituted CF centers.
Dielectric properties of graphene–iron oxide/polyimide films with oriented graphene
Authors: Ding Ling , Liu Leipeng , Li Penggang , Lv Fengzhu , Tong Wangshu , Zhang Yihe
Published: November 2015

The preparation of high‐dielectric‐constant (k) materials is important in the field of electronics. However, how to effectively use the function of fillers to enhance k is still a challenge. In this study, anisotropic graphene (GNS)–iron oxide (Fe3O4)/polyimide (PI) nanocomposite films with oriented GNSs were prepared by the in situ polymerization of 4,4′‐oxydianiline and pyromellitic anhydride in the presence of GNS–Fe3O4. Films of the precursors were fabricated, and this was followed by stepwise imidization under a magnetic field at a higher temperature to orient the magnetic sheets. The orientation of GNS–Fe3O4 and the relationships of the GNS–Fe3O4 content and measurement frequency with the dielectric properties of the GNS–Fe3O4/PI films were studied in detail. The dielectric property differences of the GNS–Fe3O4/PIs with GNS–Fe3O4 parallel or perpendicular to the film surface were not obvious, when the content of GNS–Fe3O4 was lower than 5 wt %. However, at the percolation threshold, the k values of GNS–Fe3O4/PI films with horizontal GNS–Fe3O4 were much higher than those of the other two kinds of films at 103 Hz; this was derived from the contribution of more effective microcapcitors parallel to the film surface. So, making the GNS–Fe3O4 parallel to the film surface greatly enhanced k of GNS–Fe3O4. However, switching the charges on the large lateral surface of the parallel GNSs with the electric field also caused a higher dielectric loss and the frequency dependence of k and the dielectric loss at low frequency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43041.
Characterization of p(AA‐co‐AM)/bent/urea and its swelling and slow release behavior in a simulative soil environment
Authors: Wen Peng , Wu Zhansheng , He Yanhui , Han Yajie , Tong Yanbin
Published: November 2015

In this work, a novel slow release fertilizer contained 14.98% nitrogen was prepared via free radical polymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and bentonite in the presence of cross‐linker (N,N′‐methylenebis acrylamide), initiator (potassium persulfate), and nutrient source (urea). The samples were analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X‐ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis. Results showed that the swelling and release behaviors were strongly dependent on the type and concentration of salt solution added to the medium, pH levels of the solutions, and temperature. Moreover, the experimental data indicated that the addition of Bent not only improved water absorbency and water retention capacities but also controlled the release of nutrients. The release kinetic simulation analysis findings showed that the release of urea was predominated by a Case II release mechanism with skeleton erosion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43082.
Thermal and mechanical analysis of pickled and tanned cowhide: Effect of solar radiations
Authors: Nalyanya Kallen Mulilo , Rop Ronald K. , Onyuka Arthur , Migunde Peter O. , Ngumbu Richard G.
Published: November 2015

Cowhide, a natural biopolymer of collagen, forms raw material for leather, biomaterials, and food, among others. Thermal and mechanical analysis was done using dynamic mechanical analyzer. Effect of tanning and natural solar radiations on the storage modulus, tan δ, and thermal stability of pickled and tanned cowhides has been investigated in the temperature range of 30–240°C. Tanning has been shown to enhance thermal stability and storage modulus. However, tanning decreases its dissipative capability. Thermal stability of both tanned and pickled hide decreased with time of exposure to irradiation. Storage modulus dropped drastically within the initial 6 h of natural solar radiations before rising progressively with the subsequent 12, 18, and 24 h, although still lower than that for nonirradiated sample. Thermal–mechanical analysis proved to be a useful technique for assessing effect of tanning and natural solar radiations on cowhide. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43208.
A review of the Leon springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus) long‐term conservation strategy and response to habitat restoration
Authors: Black Andrew N. , Snekser Jennifer L. , Al‐Shaer Layla , Paciorek Timothy , Bloch Andrew , Little Kimberly , Itzkowitz Murray
Published: November 2015

Choosing an optimal strategy to sustain imperilled wild populations is challenging, and many methods may be implemented before reaching an effective strategy. A review of previous conservation efforts used to maintain an endangered desert pupfish (Cyprinidon bovinus) are presented here.

Conservation strategies for C. bovinus have included removal of fish hybridizing with a non‐native species, reintroduction of captive‐bred C. bovinus into their historic range, and habitat restoration and expansion. In general, these methods have successfully increased the C. bovinus population over a 15‐year period, with habitat expansion appearing to be the most critical intervention method.

Habitat restorations that increased the available breeding habitat for C. bovinus and the total number of breeding males were also associated with a downward trend in individual male reproductive behaviour.

Since habitat expansion resulted in unexpected consequences for reproductive ecology, it emphasizes the importance not only of monitoring species abundance but also of evaluating individual reproductive behaviour when implementing conservation strategies.

Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three New 29 Carbon Skeletons Pentacyclic Triterpenoids and S‐equol from Biogas Slurry
Authors: Xu Jian‐Feng , Wu Hui‐Bin , Liu Ding‐Cai , Sha Long , Wu Wen‐Hui , Fan Hua , Song Yi‐Shan , Zhu Hong‐Guang
Published: November 2015

Bioactive natural products were firstly obtained from biogas slurry. Three new 29 carbon skeletons of the pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds 24‐norolean‐12‐ene‐3,22‐dione (1), 3β‐hydroxy‐24‐norolean‐12‐ene‐22‐one (2), 3α‐hydroxy‐24‐norolean‐12‐ene‐22‐one (3), as well as one known compound S‐equol (4) were isolated and purified from the MeOH extract of chicken manure biogas slurry. The molecular structures of the four compounds were elucidated based on the extensive spectroscopic data analysis, and the structure of Compound 1 was further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures of Compounds 1, 2, and 3 are similar with oleanolicum and hederagenin that has excellent anti‐tumor activities. The cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines (Hela, A549, MCF7, PC3, and B16) of Compounds 1–4 was tested. Similar to Compound 4 (S‐equol), Compounds 1–3 (pentacyclic triterpenoids) showed cytotoxicity activity against different tumor cell lines. Compounds 1–3 showed slightly lower cytotoxicity activities than Compound 4. The IC50
of Compound 4 was determined to be 9.7–27.6 μM, while the IC50
values of 1–3 were 17.6–65.3 μM. There are no significant differences in the cytotoxicity capacities between Compounds 1, 2, and 3.
Primary skeletal muscle cells cultured on gelatin bead microcarriers develop structural and biochemical features characteristic of adult skeletal muscle
Authors: Kubis Hans‐Peter , Scheibe Renate J. , Decker Brigitte , Hufendiek Karsten , Hanke Nina , Gros Gerolf , Meissner Joachim D.
Published: November 2015

A primary skeletal muscle cell culture, in which myoblasts derived from newborn rabbit hindlimb muscles grow on gelatin bead microcarriers in suspension and differentiate into myotubes, has been established previously. In the course of differentiation and beginning spontaneous contractions, these multinucleated myotubes do not detach from their support. Here, we describe the development of the primary myotubes with respect to their ultrastructural differentiation. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that myotubes not only grow around the surface of one carrier bead but also attach themselves to neighboring carriers, forming bridges between carriers. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates highly ordered myofibrils, T‐tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The functionality of the contractile apparatus is evidenced by contractile activity that occurs spontaneously or can be elicited by electrostimulation. Creatine kinase activity increases steadily until day 20 of culture. Regarding the expression of isoforms of myosin heavy chains (MHC), we could demonstrate that from day 16 on, no non‐adult MHC isoform mRNAs are present. Instead, on day 28 the myotubes express predominantly adult fast MHCIId/x mRNA and protein. This MHC pattern resembles that of fast muscles of adult rabbits. In contrast, primary myotubes grown on matrigel‐covered culture dishes express substantial amounts of non‐adult MHC protein even on day 21. To conclude, primary myotubes grown on microcarriers in their later stages exhibit many features of adult skeletal muscle and characteristics of fast type II fibers. Thus, the culture represents an excellent model of adult fast skeletal muscle, for example, when investigating molecular mechanisms of fast‐to‐slow fiber‐type transformation.
Dinuclear Cobalt Complexes with a Decadentate Ligand Scaffold: Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Di Giovanni Carlo , Gimbert‐Suriñach Carolina , Nippe Michael , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Long Jeffrey R. , Sala Xavier , Llobet Antoni
Published: November 2015

A new decadentate dinucleating ligand containing a pyridazine bridging group and pyridylic arms has been synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Four new dinuclear cobalt complexes featuring this ligand have been prepared and thoroughly characterized both in the solid state (X‐ray diffraction) and in solution (1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, and electrochemical techniques). The flexible but stable coordination environment provided by the ligand scaffold when coordinating Co in different oxidation states is shown to play a crucial role in the performance of the set of complexes when tested as catalysts for the photochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and chemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
ChemInform Abstract: Order—Disorder Phase Transition in the Antiperovskite‐Type Structure of Synthetic Kogarkoite, Na3SO4F.
Authors: Avdontceva Margarita S. , Zolotarev Andrey A. , Krivovichev Sergey V.
Published: November 2015

Crystals of the title compound are prepared by evaporation of aqueous solutions of Na2SO4 and NaF at 25 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of a Novel Reddish Orange Long‐Lasting Phosphorescence Phosphor Zn2P2O7:Sm3+,Li+.
Authors: Pang Ran , Sun Wenzhi , Fu Jipeng , Li Haifeng , Jia Yonglei , Li Da , Jiang Lihong , Zhang Su , Li Chengyu
Published: November 2015

Zn1.998‐xP2O7:Sm0.002 ,Lix (x = 0.002, 0.02‐0.2) co‐doped phosphors are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of ZnO, NH4H2PO4, Li2CO3, and Sm2O3 in air (alumina crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: The Isothermal Section of the Phase Diagram of Sm—Cu—Mg Ternary System at 670 K.
Authors: Marciniak Bernard , Pavlyuk Volodymyr , Rozycka‐Sokolowska Ewa , Karwowski Lukasz , Bak Zygmunt
Published: November 2015

The title system contains seven new ternary phases, τ1‐Sm60.1Cu26.4Mg13.5, τ3‐Sm22.5Cu74.3Mg3.2, τ4‐SmCu4Mg, τ5‐SmCuMg, τ6‐SmCuMg2, τ7‐Sm81.2Cu10.3Mg8.5, and τ8‐Sm4Cu10Mg3.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering the Electronic State of a Perovskite Electrocatalyst for Synergistically Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.
Authors: Guo Yuqiao , Tong Yun , Chen Pengzuo , Xu Kun , Zhao Jiyin , Lin Yue , Chu Wangsheng , Peng Zhenmeng , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi
Published: November 2015

Pristine Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 is prepared by calcination of a stoichiometric mixture of Yb2O3, CaCO3, and MnO2 in air (staged heating to 1300 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones Induced by a C2‐Symmetrical Chiral Hydroxyamide/Titanium(IV) Complex.
Authors: Phothongkam Supannee , Uang Biing‐Jiun
Published: November 2015

An in situ generated chiral titanium catalyst and catecholborane as reducing agent are employed for the reduction of ketones to give the corresponding alcohols with up to < 99% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Johnson—Corey—Chaykovsky Trifluoroethylidenation.
Authors: Duan Yaya , Zhou Bin , Lin Jin‐Hong , Xiao Ji‐Chang
Published: November 2015

The reaction of aldehydes (IV) with triflate (III) leads to trifluoromethylated trans‐epoxides (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Approach to β‐Amino Acid Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrocarboxylation of Enimides with Formic Acid.
Authors: Dai Jie , Ren Wenlong , Wang Haining , Shi Yian
Published: November 2015

Title compounds (II) are obtained in good yields and with high regioselectivity without the use of CO gas.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Amides from Ketoximes Using Trifluoromethanesulphonic Anhydride.
Authors: Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Savanur Hemantkumar M.
Published: November 2015

The title synthesis proceeds via a Beckmann rearrangement without any additive or base.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Tosylmethyl Isocyanide (TosMIC) with Propargylic Alcohols to (E)‐Vinyl Sulfones: Dual Roles of TosMIC.
Authors: Bounar Haniya , Liu Zhenhua , Zhang Lin , Guan Xiaoxue , Yang Zonglian , Liao Peiqiu , Bi Xihe , Li Xingqi
Published: November 2015

The first examples where TosMIC (II) acts as both an allenylative reagent and sulfonyl source in a cascade reaction are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Formal [2 + 1] Cycloaddition of Styrenes with α‐Bromocarbonyls Catalyzed by Copper: Efficient Synthesis of Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Nishikata Takashi , Noda Yushi , Fujimoto Ryo , Ishikawa Shingo
Published: November 2015

The title reaction proceeds through a radical addition, followed by a ring closure process.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular C—H Insertion vs. Friedel—Crafts Coupling Induced by Silyl Cation‐Promoted C—F Activation.
Authors: Allemann Oliver , Baldridge Kim K. , Siegel Jay S.
Published: November 2015

Phenyl cations generated from arylfluorides by C—F bond activation with cationic silyl Lewis acids undergo intramolecular arene—coupling and C—H insertion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergetic Catalytic Effect of Ionic Liquids and ZnO Nanoparticles on the Selective Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles Using a Ball‐Milling Technique.
Authors: Sharma Hemant , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder , Jang Doo Ok
Published: November 2015

The title benzimidazoles are environmentally‐friendly obtained under solvent‐free reaction conditions using ionic liquid‐coated ZnO‐nanoparticles as recyclable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Thiooxazoles and 2,4‐Disubstituted Oxazole Sulfonyl Chlorides via Acyl Isothiocyanates and TMS‐Diazomethane.
Authors: Trujillo John I. , Arnold Eric P. , Kortum Steve , Robinson Ralph P.
Published: November 2015

14 Title compounds of type (IV) and (V) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Routes Towards a Series of 5,5′‐Bithiazolidinylidenes as π‐Electron Acceptors.
Authors: Le Gal Y. , Ameline D. , Bellec N. , Vacher A. , Roisnel T. , Dorcet V. , Jeannin O. , Lorcy D.
Published: November 2015

Different approaches are studied to prepare the sulfur rich electron acceptor DEBTTT (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Recoverable Chitosan‐Stabilized Copper—Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Material as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Chetia Mitali , Ali Abdul Aziz , Bhuyan Diganta , Saikia Lakshi , Sarma Diganta
Published: November 2015

The title catalyst can be recovered and reused for at least four cycles without significant loss of the catalytic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: T3P as an Efficient Cyclodehydration Reagent for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles.
Authors: Ilangovan Andivelu , Saravanakumar Shanmugasundar , Umesh Siddappa
Published: November 2015

The title synthesis of oxadiazoles from acylhydrazides and isocyanates is simple, scalable, and environment‐friendly.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic Multi‐Molecular Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Acetate Functionalized 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Hu Deqing , Liu Yunyun , Wan Jie‐Ping
Published: November 2015

Anilines (II) and primary amines (IV) react with ethyl propargylate (I) in the presence of organocatalyst TMSCl/piperazine to give the diethyl dihydropyridin‐3‐dicarboxylates (III) and (V) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity Oriented Synthesis of 6‐Nitro‐ and 6‐Aminoquinolones and Their Activity as Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitors.
Authors: Miliutina Mariia , Ivanov Anton , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Iqbal Jamshed , Villinger Alexander , Iaroshenko Viktor O. , Langer Peter
Published: November 2015

The 6‐nitroquinolones [e.g.(III)] are synthesized by cyclization of α,β‐ynones [e.g. (I)] with primary amines [e.g. (II)].
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Benzoxazines.
Authors: Jana Sadhan , Ashokan Athira , Kumar Shailesh , Verma Ajay , Kumar Sangit
Published: November 2015

A base and ligand free Cu‐catalyzed method for the construction of trifluoromethylated benzoxazines (III), (V), and (VII) is developed.