bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of theoretical conceptual practice models by occupational therapists in the US: a pilot survey
Authors: Ikiugu Moses N.
Published: May 2014

Background/Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate if a sample of United States occupational therapists: 1) extensively used theoretical conceptual practice models to guide clinical decision-making; 2) combined theoretical conceptual practice models; 3) were interested in learning more about how to use the models and to combine them systematically in practice.

Methods: The study was conducted using a survey questionnaire to gather data from 46 occupational therapists who were members of the American Occupational Therapy Association.

Findings: The study participants perceived theory to be important as a guide to practice. They tended to combine models in clinical decision-making but the majority did not have a consciously thought-out systematic approach to doing so. Many were interested in learning more about how to use theoretical models and to combine them in clinical decision-making.

Conclusions: The findings indicated that the study participants may benefit from and would be willing to participate in learning programmes designed to help them improve their theory application and specifically their theoretical model combination skills.
Effect of closed kinematic chain exercises in improving gait and function in cerebral palsy: a case report
Authors: Anwer Shahnawaz , Equebal Ameed , Kumar Ratnesh , Nezamuddin Md.
Published: May 2014

Background and purpose:

Recent research shows that functional therapy programmes lead improvement in motor abilities of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Many studies reported the effect of closed kinematic chain (CKC) exercises in improving gait parameters. This case report describes the effect of CKC exercises in improving gait parameters of children with CP, thereby increasing functional independency.

Case description:

A 12-year-old male child with right-sided hemiplegic CP with 1+ spasticity on the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The child was able to ambulate independently without walking aids.

Intervention:

The patient received CKC exercises for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for a period of 4 weeks. The CKC exercise programme included a static bicycling exercise, mini-squatting exercise, and step up and down exercise. The patient also received stretching exercises for the hamstring, quadriceps, and gastrocnemius muscles after CKC exercises.

Results:

An increase in step length, stride length, cadence, and velocity was noted. The patient also improved their functional status as measured by functional independence measure for children (WeeFIM).

Conclusion:

This study concluded that CKC exercises can improve gait parameters and functional status in CP. Further research is warranted to confirm the generalisability of these findings and to identify which sub group of CP might benefit from these exercises.
Return to work and wellbeing after stroke—a success story?
Authors: Trygged Sven
Published: May 2014

Background:

Persons still in the labour force some years after a stroke generally have overcome a great range of difficulties. This study builds on the assumption that return to work and wellbeing are strongly related.

Aim:

To explore long-term wellbeing among individuals who have returned to work after a stroke.

Method:

Interviews with ten members of a stroke association aged 39-56 were recorded and transcribed. An overall picture of these responses is presented along with one illustrative case.

Results:

In spite of having recovered reasonably well from the stroke, several of the interviewees were struggling to stay in the labour market. An important finding was that even many years post-stroke, working life was fragile and the future uncertain for several respondents. Also, contingent on the risk of losing services—for example disability transport—there was the fear of losing independence.

Conclusions:

This mainly exploratory study has turned up some interesting research ideas that need to be elaborated on in future studies.
The Paralympic Games: from a rehabilitation exercise to elite sport (and back again?)
Authors: Brittain Ian
Published: May 2014

Background:

The Paralympic Games, and their forebears the Stoke Mandeville Games, grew out of the rehabilitation of spinally injured military personnel at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, UK. Even though the Paralympic Games are rooted in a rehabilitation background they are now the second largest elite multi-sport event in the world after the Olympic Games.

Content:

Despite this move away from a rehabilitation model to an elite sporting model programmes have recently been introduced in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the USA that use sport as an integral part of the rehabilitation of soldiers injured in current conflicts. These programmes are directly linked to the National Paralympic Committee (NPC) of each country and in some cases these soldiers are fast-tracked into that nation's Paralympic training programmes. This paper will look at some of the reasons why disability sport and the Paralympic Games have become so important and outline the role that they play in both rebuilding lives and as a form of social (re)education.

Conclusion:

The growing acknowledgement of the impact of sports participation upon the psychological and physical wellbeing of people with disabilities combined with the impact of disability sport in general and the Paralympic Games in particular upon non-disabled attitudes towards disability and the increasing number of soldiers severely injured in battle have conspired to re-new the link between injured military personnel and the Paralympic Games.
Street Soccer programme participation: Experiences of young people with psychosis
Authors: Lee Williams Philip , Lloyd Chris , King Robert , Paterson Michael
Published: May 2014

Aims:

This exploratory, qualitative, study aimed to identify why young people who had experienced psychosis consistently decided to attend the Street Soccer programme.

Method:

Patients using the early psychosis tertiary mental health service who were regularly attending the Street Soccer programme at the time of data collection were invited to participate in this exploratory qualitative study. Out of eight people invited, six young people agreed to be participants. All participants engaged in a one-to-one, semi-structured interview, which was recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis to reveal key themes related to the research question.

Results:

The key themes revealed from the thematic analysis included: needing to be encouraged to join the group; feeling welcomed and encouraged; gaining personal benefit (getting outside the house, getting fit, feeling less anxious) and increased desire to participate in new activities.

Conclusions:

Participation in the group programme was not dependent on participants having established treatment goals to initially attend but rather on persistent encouragement to attend by a health worker. The participants continued to attend the Street Soccer programme due to the group culture, and the tangible benefits they perceived were a result of their attendance.
Physical inactivity, depression and anxiety in acute stroke
Authors: Kroeders Rosalie , Bernhardt Julie , Cumming Toby
Published: May 2014

Background:

Physical inactivity and low mood are both common early after stroke, but it is unclear whether they are related. If they are found to be associated, this will have important implications for acute stroke care.

Methods:

We measured physical activity, using the Position Activity Logger (PAL2) electronic device, and psychological wellbeing, using the Irritability, Depression and Anxiety (IDA) scale, within 14 days of stroke.

Findings:

Patients were very inactive, spending a median of 96% of the day either sitting or lying down. Depressive symptoms were exhibited by 74% of patients, and anxiety symptoms were exhibited by 53% of patients. While depressive symptoms were not related to physical activity, there was some indication that patients with anxiety symptoms spent more of the day lying down and less of the day sitting, standing or walking than those without anxiety symptoms (P=0.06). Having a previous history of depression was strongly associated with mood problems in acute stroke.

Conclusions:

Understanding the relationship between physical activity and mood after stroke is important. It is possible that stroke patients with anxiety symptoms are reluctant to engage in out-of-bed activities in the acute stage.
Skilled nursing facility functional rehabilitation outcome: Analyses of stroke admissions
Authors: Shah Surya , Tartaro Christine , Chew Felicia , Morris Mike , Wood Christine , Wuzzardo Ashley
Published: May 2014

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to facilitate programme evaluation in skilled nursing facilities (SNF) using activities of daily living to quantify productivity, to provide consistency in data management and to establish a stroke inpatient rehabilitation outcome benchmark.

Method:

A documentation system of ADL was designed and integrated into the electronic medical records; a prerecorded webinar was developed for training in the administration of the Modified Barthel Index (MBI); and a pilot study on 234 patients from 13 centres was completed to ensure the system was in place. SNF rehabilitation outcomes were determined from the changeover time in admission to discharge MBI scores in 2 041 stroke patients.

Results:

The mean age was 75.89 ± 13.69 years. The mean length of inpatient stay was 31.15 ± 21.82 days. Rehabilitation efficiency was 1.09 ± 1.1 points improvement in the MBI score per day. The degree of rehabilitation intervention effectiveness was 48.03 ± 31.90%. The rate of change indicates superior outcome.

Future directions:

The MBI is now being introduced across 37 States in the US and outcomes will be evaluated in approximately 26 000 persons to establish performance standards that SNF rehabilitation teams would expect for routine diagnostic related groups.
The Casey Allied Health Model of Interdisciplinary Care (CAHMIC): Development and implementation
Authors: Jacob Angela , Merrigan Rosemary , Roe Debbie , Brown Ted
Published: May 2014

Background:

Within the Allied Health Department at Casey Hospital, in Melbourne, Australia, a need for the development of an interdisciplinary care model was identified. The belief was that such a model would improve patient outcomes and staff ability to provide high-quality care.

Objective:

To outline the steps that were taken in developing, mapping, and formulating the Casey Allied Health Model of Interdisciplinary Care (CAHMIC).

Methods:

A mixed-methods approach consisted of a review of the relevant peer-reviewed literature, staff surveys, focus groups and quantitative data collection to investigate the scope of interdisciplinary practice that allied health staff provided.

Findings:

An initial survey involving 52 allied health staff revealed a high level of agreement between current practice and the existing literature identifying excellence in interdisciplinary care. A quantitative data collection over a 1-month period indicated that staff provided interdisciplinary care 49% of the time. From four focus groups they conducted, the authors identified five emergent themes about interdisciplinary care: interdisciplinary practice; effective interdisciplinary team structure and processes; collaboration; organisational culture; and outcomes. From these findings, the Casey Allied Health Model of Interdisciplinary Care (CAHMIC) was formulated.

Conclusions:

This research adds to the literature by investigating and describing the key components of an interdisciplinary team in terms of its structure and function, and how these attributes are perceived to contribute to the team members’ strong identification with, and valuing of, the model of care. The CAHMIC showed a high level of agreement with existing literature that identifies excellence in interdisciplinary care. The model has generated positive outcomes for staff and positive benefits for patient care. Other health services may find the CAHMIC to be a useful point of reference when investigating the interdisciplinary care they provide.
Chronic widespread pain and neurophysiological symptoms in joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS)
Authors: Clark Carol J , Khattab Ahmed D , Carr Eloise CJ
Published: May 2014

Background

Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) is a multisystemic connective tissue disorder characterised by pain, tissue fragility and laxity. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) and the extended neurophysiological features reported by a group of patients with JHS.

Methods

Ninety patients with JHS (mean age 34.7 ± 9.9 years), which was diagnosed in accordance with the Brighton criteria, and 113 healthy volunteers (mean age 35.7 ± 12.9) with no musculoskeletal pain participated in the study. A self-report questionnaire and pain chart were employed to collect data.

Results

CWP was reported by 86% of patients with JHS. The mean number of pain sites in this group was 9.8/17 ± 4.2. Fibromyalgia was reported by 19% of this group. Patients with JHS were significantly more likely to report the following than healthy volunteers: autonomic symptoms (70%, 12%); gastrointestinal symptoms (71%, 9%); and chronic fatigue syndrome (31%, 1%). Patients with JHS reported significantly higher mean functional difficulties scores (22.28 ± 4.90) than healthy volunteers (17.96 ± 3.73) (P<0.001), indicative of functional difficulties associated with developmental coordination disorder/dyspraxia.

Conclusion

Patients with JHS reported a wide range of neurophysiological symptoms of which CWP was a salient feature. There is a need to acknowledge and understand the extended symptoms associated with CWP in order to address the holistic needs of patients with JHS. Further studies and discussion are required to identify the complex inter-related multifactorial neurophysiological mechanisms in those with JHS.
A 24-hour postural care service: Views, understanding and training needs of referring multidisciplinary staff
Authors: Castle Darren , Stubbs Brendon , Clayton Sarah , Soundy Andrew
Published: May 2014

Aims

To consider the views, understanding and training needs of members of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) around 24-hour postural care. These MDT members refer individuals with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD) and postural care needs to a 24-hour postural care service.

Methods

This study used a mixed-methods approach, which was undertaken in two phases. The setting for this study was a community healthcare NHS trust in England, which refers patients to physiotherapy for PMLD. Phase 1 involved 57 members of the MDT including: psychologists, psychiatrists, community nurses, health facilitation nurses, speech and language therapists, and occupational therapists. Phase 2 involved a purposive sample of 14 MDT members across three profession-specific focus groups.

Findings

Phase 1 identified that around 50% of all MDT members refer to the 24-hour postural care service; the majority (75.4%) of these participants identified that they would be happy to receive more training on 24-hour postural care. Phase 2 suggested that while referrals were being made, MDT members were not able to identify why individuals should be referred to the 24-hour postural care service.

Conclusions

This study has revealed that MDT members working in a community trust within learning disability services were lacking an awareness of why individuals should be referred to 24-hour postural care. This study discusses the implications of this finding.
Factors influencing patients' hope in stroke and spinal cord injury: A narrative review
Authors: Soundy Andrew , Stubbs Brendon , Freeman Paul , Coffee Pete , Roskell Carolyn
Published: May 2014

Aims:

The purpose of this research is to help health-care professionals (HCPs) consider how hope is promoted and challenged during the rehabilitation of patients who have had a stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI).

Background:

Stroke and SCI are two chronic neurological conditions that require significant neurological rehabilitation. During the process of neurological rehabilitation, several internal, external or environmental factors can influence a patient's hope. While research has identified the importance of hope, it has not explicitly identified which factors influence patients' hope. Neither has existing research provided an evidence-based understanding of how health professionals can use strategies to help maintain patients' feelings of hope during rehabilitation.

Methods:

A qualitative narrative review was undertaken. Following a systematic search, 17 qualitative articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was used to enable information to emerge regarding the strategies that promote hope and the factors that challenge hope.

Results:

The results included five hope-generating factors and four factors that challenged hope.

Conclusions:

This article identified several factors that influenced the hope of patients who have had a stroke or SCI. Hope is influenced by personal, social and situational factors, and many of these factors can have both positive and negative effects. Therefore, HCPs need to understand how to implement these ideas effectively. The current findings consider this.
The psychological and social aspects of a physical rehabilitation programme for fire service personnel
Authors: Dawson Linda , Deary Vincent , Amy Fielden
Published: May 2014

Aims;

There is a demand for a more precise clarification of how and why complex interventions in rehabilitation settings work. This study uses clients' experiences to better understand the contextual factors of a residential rehabilitation programme, based on a biopsychosocial approach, for fire service personnel.

Methods;

This study used a qualitative approach and collected data from focus groups. Two focus groups using a creative technique were undertaken to derive themes for an interview guide for the two traditional focus groups that followed. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results;

The focus groups showed that the shared fire service background was key in enabling clients to return to fire service ‘banter’, which was missing during their previous isolated rehabilitation. The focus groups also showed that sharing rehabilitation stories with others in a similar position was enabling and restorative. The dissonance between self as a capable firefighter and self with injury or illness caused the clients to have to manage an altered identity.

Conclusions;

The disruption of self-identity caused by illness or injury is a central feature in rehabilitees' personal experience and reducing identity dissonance appears to be a central feature of successful biopsychosocial rehabilitation. This study identified that psychosocial processes contribute to effective rehabilitation and include being with others you believe to be ‘similar’ with whom to verbalise and acknowledge personal experience and peer-to-peer support.
Case History: Treating persistent psoriasis
Authors: Dickson Terrina
Published: May 2014

A difficult case highlights why patients must stick to treatment regimens in order to achieve success.
Tackling teenage health
Authors: Bilton Jane
Published: May 2014

Establishing a teenage health clinic can help promote health and pre-empt problems.
Managing ringworm of the scalp
Authors: Burr Sara
Published: May 2014

Ringworm of the scalp is on the rise in inner cities.
Improving coeliac care
Authors: Butt Sohail
Published: May 2014

The incidence of coeliac disease is increasing. Dr Sohail Butt examines causes, symptoms and appropriate management
Developing patient resources
Authors: Bilton Jane
Published: May 2014

There are many ways practices can innovate to improve patient care.Jane Bilton explains how her ideas worked
Understanding alopecia areata
Authors: Stollery Nigel
Published: May 2014

Any unexplained loss of hair is often distressing for patients. Dr Nigel Stollery explains how to deal with alopecia areata
Menopause and HRT
Authors: Banks Claire , Perera Mahesh
Published: May 2014

Four part clinical focus covering the background to HRT, advice on choosing the correct HRT, the benefits of HRT, and the risks and possible alternative therapies.
Diseases transmitted by insects
Authors: Townend Mike
Published: May 2014

Insects transmit many diseases. In part one of his article, Dr Mike Townend highlights those of importance to travellers from the UK
Cut down to quit
Authors: Croghan Emma
Published: May 2014

Health professionals can offer a scheme for smokers who are unable to quit abruptly.
Assessing COPD and monitoring disease progression
Authors: Reilly Stephanie
Published: May 2014

Early diagnosis and ongoing follow up are vital to ensure better outcomes in COPD.
Prescribing asthma drugs
Authors: Morris David
Published: May 2014

Guidelines recommend stepwise prescribing of asthma medication for children and adults.
Palliative care for respiratory patients
Authors: Lynes David , Kelly Carol
Published: May 2014

The palliative care needs of end-stage COPD patients are extensive but often unmet, write Dr David Lynes and Carol Kelly
Reassessing NHS targets
Authors: Peters Jenny
Published: May 2014

Health service targets are preventing clinicians from meeting the real needs of their patients.
Depression in the elderly
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Kay
Published: May 2014

Depression in the elderly is easily missed, but response to treatment is excellent.
Clinical - Musculoskeletal - A-Z Leg cramps
Authors: Sprague Debra
Published: May 2014

Leg cramps are intense, involuntary contractions of muscles or muscle groups, that most often occur at night and can cause residual muscle tenderness for up to 24 hours.
Managing co-morbidity in epilepsy
Authors: Johnston Ann , Smith Philip
Published: May 2014

Practitioners need to be aware of co-morbidities in epilepsy and manage them accordingly.
The role of cardiac troponin measurements
Authors: Collinson Paul O
Published: May 2014

The use of cardiac troponin as the definitive test for MI has enabled an improved standard of care.
Using creative writing as a therapeutic tool
Authors: Higgins Bernadette
Published: May 2014

Creative writing can be used in a range of health settings as a form of cognitive behavioural therapy.
Sinister headache
Authors: Dowson Andrew
Published: May 2014

The causes and symptoms of sinister headaches.
Nursing with compassion
Authors: Chambers Claire , Ryder Elaine
Published: May 2014

Procedures and interventions should never take precedence over patients.
Maintaining physical health in severe mental illness
Authors: Hardy Sheila
Published: May 2014

The physical wellbeing of people with severe mental illness should be monitored regularly. Sheila Hardy explains.
Men's health - Psychological issues in erectile dysfunction
Authors: Hallam-Jones Ruth
Published: May 2014

Not all cases of erectile dysfunction will have a purely physical cause. Ruth Hallam-Jones and Mary Clegg explain.
Boosting health through warmth
Authors: Wild Sarah
Published: May 2014

Nurses can help improve living conditions for vulnerable patients.
Clinical Focus - Acute vertigo
Authors: Seemungal Barry , Gresty Michael
Published: May 2014

Presentation, aetiology, treatment and rare diagnoses
Managing dyspepsia
Authors: Hall Veronica
Published: May 2014

This common condition requires systematic and step-wise assessment and treatment.
Urticaria
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: May 2014

This localised or generalised superficial swelling of the skin that results in an itchy rash is common both in children and adults
Lichen planus
Authors: Hollingworth Tony
Published: May 2014

Vulval diseases
Managing dengue fever
Authors: Duncan Debbie
Published: May 2014

Because there is no vaccine for dengue fever, it is important to understand this potentially serious disease and implement preventive measures.
Reflecting on the patient experience
Authors: Higgins Bernadette
Published: May 2014

Viewing NHS services through the eyes of a patient can be enlightening and may provide some salutory lessons.
Understanding influenza
Authors: Wilcox Adrienne
Published: May 2014

“Influenza is an age-old infection that remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality today. Adrienne Willcox presents the epidemiology of the viruses and their effects”
Paracetamol overdose
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2014

In-depth analysis of the latest research.
Promoting healthy eating in schools
Authors: Shepherd Alison
Published: May 2014

School nurses can work with teachers and the governing body to ensure that messages on healthy eating are delivered clearly.
Clinical focus - Polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: May 2014

Epidemiology and aetiology, diagnosis, management and lifestyle changes
Clinician-led commissioning
Authors: Parr Chris
Published: May 2014

Clinical Commissioning Groups are operating in shadow form and are engaging primary care and community nurses to good effect in some ares of the country.
Practical commissioning: your questions answered about influencing clinical commissioning
Authors: Gupta Andrea
Published: May 2014

The Health and Social Care Act has passed. What are the next steps for clinical commissioning groups (CCGs)?
Presentations of eczema
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: May 2014

Atopic eczema is the most common form of eczema and follows a course of exacerbations and remissions, but presentations may differ in children and adults.
Smoking, alcohol misuse and diabetes
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2014

COPD patients must be educated about how to identify and manage exacerbations, writes Beverley Bostock-Cox
Management of preschool wheezing in the community
Authors: Crosby Laura , Mee Abigail , Paul Siba Prosad
Published: May 2014

Prednisolone has been over-used for viral-induced preschool wheeze and should be used in only severely ill children, write Laura Crosby, Abigail Mee and Siba Prosad Paul
Prehospital care in Malaysia: issues and challenges
Authors: Chew Keng Sheng , Chan Hiang Chuan
Published: May 2014

Prehospital care is defined as the phase of patient care from the point of injury or illness to the place of definitive treatment. As such, it is imperative that the patient is transported to the right place of care within the right time frame via the right mode of transportation by the right personnel. In this article, the authors explore seven components that are essential in the initial stage of any prehospital care system development—the components of manpower, training, communication, transportation, facilities, access to care and coordinated patient record keeping. The authors then address issues and challenges in these seven components within the Malaysian context. Because of geopolitical and logistic differences from one locality with another, it is not possible for a, ‘one-size-fit-all’ solution to these issues and challenges within Malaysia. Ultimately, any effort to develop the prehospital care system should not be a mere stop gap measure, rather, it should address fundamental root problems in order to ensure sustainability and continuity of effort.
Interprofessional education: looking at the principles
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2014

Interprofessional education is becoming increasingly established in a global context. Ian Peate illustrates how adopting and adapting its principles will ensure paramedic graduates are adequately equipped to treat patients
Fraser guidelines or Gillick competence?
Authors: A Cornock Marc
Published: May 2014

Fraser guidelines, Gillick competence; phrases that anyone involved in the care of children will have heard. However, there is often confusion regarding the meaning of these two terms and they are frequently used as substitutes for each other, as if they were interchangeable rather than two distinct but related terms.
Paediatric critical care and the dynamics of hoping and hopelessness: a concept analysis
Authors: Mountain Gary , Turner Louise
Published: May 2014

This paper uses a combination of Rodger’s (1989; 1993) evolutionary model of concept analysis and Walker and Avant’s (2005) framework to facilitate a dispositional approach to analysing the concepts of hope and hopelessness as they apply to paediatric and neonatal nursing practice. Through the use of a model case as part of the concept analysis approach, the paper examines the role of the concept of hope in the adaptation/coping process within the context of paediatric critical care, including its relationship with false hope and hopelessness. Finally, the paper concludes by identifying the implications of the findings for clinical practice.
Parents’ need for information and support following their child’s diagnosis of epilepsy
Authors: Cummins Ann
Published: May 2014

Research on childhood epilepsy suggests that a diagnosis of epilepsy is a challenge for both the child and parents. Children with epilepsy and their parents are faced with a multitude of medical, developmental, social and emotional issues that can place additional demands on the rearing of child with epilepsy requiring comprehensive, continuing health care. Many studies exist concerning parents of children with chronic illnesses, including diabetes (Hatton et al, 1995), asthma (Hayes and Knox, 1984), cystic fibrosis (Coyne, 1997) and parents’ need for information and support. In comparison, research which has focused on parental essential needs for both information and support to assist them in caring and coping when their child has epilepsy are notably lacking internationally. This identified gap in the nursing literature concerning parents’ needs for information and support following their child’s diagnosis of epilepsy provided stimulus for this literature review.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the findings of this literature review and to inform paediatric nurses and allied health professionals of the importance of the provision of information and support to parents when their child is diagnosed with epilepsy. In this paper, the incidence, causes of epilepsy and the treatment of epilepsy in childhood are discussed. Parental fears and concerns about their child’s epilepsy are explored. Parents’ need for information and support when their child has epilepsy provides the main focus for this paper.
NMC review of pre-registration nursing education: views of the children’s and young people’s nursing academic community
Authors: Ellis Judith , Glasper Edward Alan , Horsley Angela , McEwing Gill , Richardson Jim
Published: May 2014

The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) for the UK commenced a consultation of the future configuration of pre-registration nursing in November 2007. The Association of Chief Children’s Nurses (ACCN) of the UK, in preparation for a joint symposium with higher education institute children’s nursing academics, undertook a SWOT analysis of the suggested changes to the existing register, with particular reference to one of the NMC’s review criteria: ‘marks relating to fields of practice (nature and number of branches versus no branches at all)’. The views of these senior children’s and young people’s nurses on the future configuration of the register were expressed earlier by Richardson et al (2007) who conclude that the existing configuration of the NMC register should remain. This analysis of the NMC consultation was later extended to some of the other criteria of the review and involved members of the children’s nursing academic community across the UK.

The views reported in this paper include:

Generic or common components, e.g. CFP Minimum academic level (Dip HE versus Degree) Time and content versus outcome-based approaches Use of simulation as practice learning EU specific practice learning requirements for general care.

The UK academic children’s nursing departments were invited to participate by the chairperson of the ACCN by email. Data were elicited from 13 departments in academic institutions in England, Scotland and Wales who submitted electronic responses to a) the transcribed SWOT analysis conducted by the membership of the ACCN and b) the other criteria of the NMC review. An analysis of the data confirms that academics favour the retention of a direct entry children’s nursing field of practice.
The Bologna process
Authors: Hall Carol
Published: May 2014

The global multi-ethnic composition of societies has historically presented challenges for those involved in child health-care delivery. Education and health-care systems have focused on preparing nurses who can deliver individualized care to children and their families, and also deliver culturally sensitive nursing (Duffy, 2001). While there has been a long history of global migration of children’s nurses to English speaking countries such as Australia and the US, there is now a new context of European workforce mobility, which is increasing rapidly despite traditional barriers of language and local loyalties (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2007). European Union (EU) enlargement to 27 member countries and a population of 450 million (including approximately 6 000 000 nurses) presents new opportunities for health professionals to live and work abroad. This includes nurses who care for children and families where increased mobility is likely to be inevitable, and indeed may be desirable to meet critical shortfalls in health-care provision.
Neurovascular impairment and compartment syndrome: a literature review
Authors: Wright Elizabeth Mary
Published: May 2014

This literature review considers the altered pathophysiology, differential methods of diagnosis and the treatment of compartment syndrome. Particular focus is given to the unique role of the nurse. From the literature methods of neurovascular assessment are described.
The history of aesthetic nursing: part 2 (1987–2005)
Authors: Constance Campion
Published: May 2014

The objective of this series is to highlight the history of nursing in the establishment and development of the nursing science of medical aesthetics. In this second article, the author details how, throughout the late 1990s and into the early 2000s, the demand for aesthetic rejuvenation increased following the tremendous success of botulinum toxin type A (Botox, Allergan). Because of its popularity among patients seeking non-surgical methods to achieve facial rejuvenation, both GPs and dentists integrated botulinum toxin injections into their existing practices, and professional manpower developed in tandem to meet consumer demand. As the aesthetics sector grew into what is now dubbed an ‘industry’, the author charts the course of how aesthetic nurses faced numerous challenges within the field that developed, culminating in the formation of a professional association and the registration of professional competencies.
Patient satisfaction following treatment with botulinum toxin type A: a systematic review
Authors: Cartwright Annie
Published: May 2014

The objective of this research was to identify which factors most contributed to patient satisfaction following the treatment of facial lines with botulinum toxin type A. A systematic review was performed by the author, following the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology, of studies that included data on patient satisfaction following injection of botulinum toxin type A to reduce appearance of facial lines. Seven studies were critically appraised, comprising 696 patients. A relationship between dose, clinical effect and duration of effect was observed, and it was found that lower doses were more likely to result in a decreased duration of action. Patient satisfaction results broadly peaked and declined in line with the timing of the pharmacological effect of botulinum toxin type A. Results suggested patients treated for glabellar lines may be more satisfied in comparison with those treated in the lateral canthus. This review looked at a limited number of parameters that were available for comparison from the current research. The findings have implications for the information patients are given ahead of treatment. More research is needed before adequate comparisons can be made between toxins and dilutions used. The adoption of a standardised assessment tool for botulinum toxin type A and dermal fillers would be useful.
Dorsal hand anatomy: age-related changes, fat planes and vascular considerations
Authors: Humzah Dalvi , Baker Anna
Published: May 2014

The hands are frequently exposed to an assortment of chemicals and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which over time can be characterised by loss of dermal elasticity and atrophy of the subcutaneous tissue. Whereas extrinsic changes may present, such as solar purpura, solar lentigines and actinic keratoses, intrinsic changes can be significantly improved with the aid of a volumising agents such as calcium hydroxylapatite or hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. Administering these products can reduce the appearance of dorsal veins, tendons and boney prominences, restoring a smooth and youthful contour. It is vital that practitioners are up to date on their anatomical knowledge before treating the hands with any injectable products. Awareness of the dorsal hand anatomy and vascular system will ultimately increase the degree of accuracy in product placement, and decrease the risk of complications.
Psychological assessment prior to cosmetic procedures: brief report on a pilot study
Authors: Paraskeva Nicole
Published: May 2014

An increasing number of people are seeking cosmetic procedures to enhance their appearance; however, while the majority of patients are satisfied with the outcome of aesthetic surgery, some are dissatisfied despite achieving a positive technical outcome. Research examining the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing cosmetic surgery is currently lacking, but it is possible that a significant number of patients may experience depression, anxiety and doubts post-procedure. For this reason, there is now an urgent need to better protect vulnerable patients for whom surgery may not be appropriate; one way of doing this is through the psychological screening of prospective patients seeking cosmetic surgery. A psychological screening tool has been developed for use both in preoperative consultations and to assess postoperative outcomes. This article will briefly describe the work conducted in a pilot study that aimed to examine the acceptability and feasibility of using this psychological screening tool in routine practice.
Fundamental aspects of advanced nursing practice in the field of medical aesthetics
Authors: Greveson Kay
Published: May 2014

Not only is there is diversity in qualifications, level of competencies and responsibilities of nurses in aesthetic medicine, but there is also limited empirical data to support the role. Being a medical aesthetic practitioner involves working autonomously, making clinical decisions based on comprehensive consultations and carrying out physical assessments of patients. However, owing to the lack of regulations and standards for education in medical aesthetics, many nurses may feel isolated and inadequately prepared when entering the field. This article explores the fundamental aspects of advanced practice and provides practical advice for nurses to ensure their practice meets requirements.
The psychosocial impact of being a young person with an unusual appearance
Authors: WILLIAMSON HEIDI
Published: May 2014

Living with an unusual or different appearance as a result of a disfigurement from birth, an accident or illness can be particularly challenging for young people in today's appearance-obsessed society. Heidi Williamson explores the psychological and social experiences of adolescents with a ‘visible difference’ and considers factors that can determine how well adolescents cope with these challenges
Social media: used with care, it's a friend, used carelessly, it's a foe to your business
Authors: COSTELLO KELLY
Published: May 2014

Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and other social media are everywhere, including in business, so it must all be a good thing, right? Not necessarily, says Kelly Costello, who brings the experience of running her own business to the discussion. Aesthetic nurses need to find ways of embracing the benefits of social media, without breaking industry codes, or betraying the confidence of patients who might want to ‘friend’ them
Suture material, knot tying and wound closure in surgery
Authors: Barnes Thomas G , Sheikh Adnan A
Published: May 2014

When working as an operating department practitioner, surgical care practitioner, or a surgical first assistant, it is important to have the knowledge to choose the appropriate suture material, needle and method of wound closure. The operator must have a safe and secure technique when tying knots during wound closure. This article outlines the different suture materials and needles available to practitioners and how to chose the appropriate material when closing wounds. The article will also discuss the two main techniques for knot tying.
Considering bariatric surgery interventions
Authors: Apau Daniel
Published: May 2014

Obesity is rapidly becoming a major health issue, putting a significant drain on NHS resources and the economy through direct medical and social care costs and loss of productivity. Significant attempts to address obesity through lifestyle modification and pharmacological therapy has had little impact in addressing the problem. The use of bariatric surgery—intragastric balloon and gastric balloon pill—as weight management treatment since the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guidelines were released in 2002, has seen an exponential growth in the number of people having bariatric surgery interventions. This article looks at the prevalence of obesity; definition, indication, and types of weight reduction interventions and care considerations, pre and post procedure.
The importance of the couple relationship for children's mental health
Authors: Hewison David
Published: May 2014

This paper reviews the links between distressed couple relationships and adult and child mental health issues. It shows that the quality of couple relationships has an effect on a range of public health concerns that health visitors are involved with. It is implicated in adult and child mental health, in physical health, and in the attachment status of children. This paper reviews research evidence which suggests that focusing on the couple relationship can give greater benefits than focusing on parenting alone. The more couples that can manage their conflicts in a cooperative way, the better the outcomes for their children. It offers pointers for practice on the basis that health visitors are ideally placed to work with families through ‘thinking couple’ as well as ‘thinking parent’.
Father's Reaching Out: Postnatal depression support for partners
Authors: Williams Mark
Published: May 2014

If a wife or partner is suffering from postnatal depression, it may also have an effect on the husbands or partners. Mark Williams, founder of Father's Reaching Out, a support group for men whose partners are suffering from this condition, describes his personal story.
Understanding and managing allergies in infants
Authors: clarke Sue
Published: May 2014

Allergy can develop at any age, but some allergies are frequently seen in infancy and childhood. The sequence of allergic symptoms in childhood is known as the Allergic March, which progresses from eczema and food allergy to allergic rhinitis and asthma. Early intervention can improve health outcomes for the child in the long term. Health visitors are likely to see many different manifestations of allergy and need to know enough about the conditions to question whether allergy could be a cause of the symptoms. They also need to be able to identify when the symptoms can be managed in primary care or whether referral to a specialist is needed.
Trading technology for treasure
Authors: Taylor Tracey
Published: May 2014

As more and more hi-tech gadgets are being aimed at toddlers and young children, it is easy for parents to become reliant on the ‘digital childminder’. Tracey Taylor suggests going back to basics and teaching children to treasure the simple things.
The techniques of haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration
Authors: Davenport Andrew
Published: May 2014

Andrew Davenport explains the techniques of haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration as treatment options for patients with chronic kidney disease. Both techniques have recently received renewed interest due to the improvement in dialysis water quality, allowing the production of ultrapure water, coupled with the arrival of more permeable, high-flux dialyser membranes.
How a culture of exercise benefits patients on dialysis
Authors: Bennett Paul N
Published: May 2014

It is widely known that patients on dialysis benefit from exercise. Here, Paul Bennett points out that patients can increase the amount and the quality of exercise if the dialysis centre they are attending has a culture of exercise. He describes the elements required to maintain such a culture.
The birth of home dialysis: The first home haemodialysis patients in 1964
Authors: Turner Neil
Published: May 2014

In the early 1960s, dialysis was still a very new technology. It was high-tech, life-saving and dramatic. That the blood of conscious patients can be run through a machine to replace a critical body function is still pretty amazing today. The idea of sending patients home to look after such a new, high-tech treatment themselves must have seemed extraordinary in 1964. But dialysis was expensive, and renal units were wrestling with how to treat as many patients as possible.
Back to basics: the principles and process of haemodialysis
Authors: Ellis Peter
Published: May 2014

This article is the first in a series looking at the basics of renal nursing—aimed at newcomers or anyone wanting a refresher. This article by Peter Ellis looks at the principles and process of haemodialysis; forthcoming articles include the fundamentals of dialysis line care and blood figures.
Hepatitis outbreaks on renal units: Staff as well as patients die between 1964 and 72
Authors: Turner Neil
Published: May 2014

From about 1964, there was increasing excitement that dialysis might become a major life-saving treatment for chronic renal failure, not just for acute renal failure. Transplantation was also in its infancy, but despite some promise, overall success rates at this time were very poor. A major frustration was the lack of resources to give dialysis to all who could benefit. Some remarkably bold approaches included self-dialysis and home dialysis, for reasons of space and economy as well as patient independence.
Too many cooks: has the teams approach in hospitals gone too far?
Authors: Ellis Peter , Hendry Bruce
Published: May 2014

Peter Ellis and Bruce Hendry take the view that the task-orientated teams-based approach to the delivery of health care may be an unhelpful feature of the NHS. They argue that it may impact on the efficiency and experience of care delivery as well as on the working lives, motivation and skill base of hospital staff. Good-quality patient care can only be achieved with empowered, skilled core staff.
Obesity: can the risk for chronic kidney disease be measured?
Authors: Hobbs Helen , Ellis Peter
Published: May 2014

This article examines whether or not obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Helen Hobbs and Peter Ellis critically review the available evidence that focuses on the relationship between obesity and CKD. They take into account the effects of any comorbidities and the different ways in which obesity is measured, all of which impact on the universality of the findings.
The relation of social support to mental health and locus of control
Authors: Theofilou Paraskevi
Published: May 2014

This study among haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients aimed to investigate the influence of social support on mental health and locus of control (the extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them). The findings reveal the importance of understanding the illness and treatment beliefs of renal patients and the contribution of social support to their mental health.