bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the distribution of Ixodes ricinus in Europe: integrating microclimatic factors into ecological niche models
Authors: Kuyucu Arda Cem , Hekimoglu Olcay
Published: November 2024

Ixodes ricinus, commonly known as the castor bean tick and sheep tick, is a significant vector of various diseases, such as tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis. Owing to climate change, the distribution and activity of I. ricinus are expected to increase, leading to an increase in the number of diseases transmitted by this species. Most distribution models and ecological niche models utilize macroclimate datasets such as WorldClim or CHELSA to map the distribution of disease-transmitting ticks. However, microclimatic factors are crucial for the activity and survival of small arthropods. In this study, an ecological niche modelling approach was used to assess the climatic suitability of I. ricinus using both microclimatic and macroclimatic parameters. A Mixed model was built by combining parameters from the Soiltemp (microclimate) and Wordclim (macroclimate) databases, whereas a Macroclimate model was built with the CHELSA dataset. Additionally, future suitabilities were projected via the macroclimate model under the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Macroclimate and Mixed models showed similar distributions, confirming the current distribution of I. ricinus. The most important climatic factors were seasonality, annual temperature range, humidity and precipitation. Future projections suggest significant expansion in northern and eastern Europe, with notable declines in southern Europe.
Eight-port multiband MIMO antenna design with high isolation for 5G smartphones
Authors: Lumina A. Vincy , Manoharan Sangeetha , Kumar Sachin
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the design and analysis of a compact eight-port multiband multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5G smartphones. The proposed antenna structure is designed using meandering elements, as radiator, on the FR4 substrate of 150 × 80 × 0.8 mm with loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.02 and relative permittivity (εr) of 4.4. The proposed antenna resonates at 2.4, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz, and it covers the bandwidth of 2%, 6.28%, and 2.53%, respectively. The measured results provide an omnidirectional radiation pattern with 58%–78% of efficiency in all operating bands. The eight-port multiband MIMO design provides a high isolation of 17.5 dB, envelope correlation coefficient < 0.04, diversity gain of 9.98 dB, total active reflection coefficient < −10 dB, and channel capacity loss of <0.25 bits/s/Hz. Also, the hand phantom is designed to analyze the reflection coefficients and efficiency of the proposed antenna.
A guide for planning triangulation studies to investigate complex causal questions in behavioural and psychiatric research
Authors: Treur Jorien L. , Lukas Eva , Sallis Hannah M. , Wootton Robyn E.
Published: November 2024

Aims

At the basis of many important research questions is causality – does X causally impact Y? For behavioural and psychiatric traits, answering such questions can be particularly challenging, as they are highly complex and multifactorial. ‘Triangulation’ refers to prospectively choosing, conducting and integrating several methods to investigate a specific causal question. If different methods, with different sources of bias, all indicate a causal effect, the finding is much less likely to be spurious. While triangulation can be a powerful approach, its interpretation differs across (sub)fields and there are no formal guidelines. Here, we aim to provide clarity and guidance around the process of triangulation for behavioural and psychiatric epidemiology, so that results of existing triangulation studies can be better interpreted, and new triangulation studies better designed.

Methods

We first introduce the concept of triangulation and how it is applied in epidemiological investigations of behavioural and psychiatric traits. Next, we put forth a systematic step-by-step guide, that can be used to design a triangulation study (accompanied by a worked example). Finally, we provide important general recommendations for future studies.

Results

While the literature contains varying interpretations, triangulation generally refers to an investigation that assesses the robustness of a potential causal finding by explicitly combining different approaches. This may include multiple types of statistical methods, the same method applied in multiple samples, or multiple different measurements of the variable(s) of interest. In behavioural and psychiatric epidemiology, triangulation commonly includes prospective cohort studies, natural experiments and/or genetically informative designs (including the increasingly popular method of Mendelian randomization). The guide that we propose aids the planning and interpreting of triangulation by prompting crucial considerations. Broadly, its steps are as follows: determine your causal question, draw a directed acyclic graph, identify available resources and samples, identify suitable methodological approaches, further specify the causal question for each method, explicate the effects of potential biases and, pre-specify expected results. We illustrated the guide’s use by considering the question: ‘Does maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy cause offspring depression?’.

Conclusions

In the current era of big data, and with increasing (public) availability of large-scale datasets, triangulation will become increasingly relevant in identifying robust risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes. Our hope is that this review and guide will provide clarity and direction, as well as stimulate more researchers to apply triangulation to causal questions around behavioural and psychiatric traits.
Climate Conundrum: A Wet or Dry European and Northern African Climate During the Middle Miocene
Authors: Acosta R. P. , Burls N. J. , Pound M. J. , Bradshaw C. D. , McCoy J. , Gibson M. , O’Keefe J. M. K. , Feakins S. J.
Published: November 2024

End of 21st‐century hydroclimate projections suggest an expansion of subtropical dry zones, with Mediterranean and Sahel regions becoming much drier. However, paleobotanical assemblage evidence from the middle Miocene (17‐12 Ma), suggests both regions were instead humid environments. Here we show that by modifying regional sea surface temperatures (SST) in an Earth System Model (CESM1.2) simulation of the middle Miocene, the increased ocean evaporation and integrated water vapor flux overrides any drying effects associated with warming‐induced land‐surface evaporation driven by atmospheric CO2 concentrations. These modifications markedly reduce the bias in the model‐data comparison for this period. A vegetation model (BIOME4) forced with simulated climatologies predicts both regions were dominated by mixed forest, which is largely consistent with the paleobotanical record. This study unveils the potential for wetter subtropical Mediterranean climates associated with warming, presenting an alternative scenario from future drying projections with localized SST warming governing regional climate change.
Long Term Global Ionospheric Total Electron Content Trend Analysis
Authors: Natali M. Paula , Urutti Anabella , Castaño Juan Manuel , Zossi Brunos S. , Duran Trinidad , Meza Amalia , Elias Ana G.
Published: November 2024

Simulations based on physical models of the thermosphere‐ionosphere system suggest that the ionosphere will sink as the thermosphere cools and contracts in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. As a consequence, long‐term trends can be expected in ionospheric parameters such as: total electron content (TEC), the critical frequency of the F2 layer, foF2, and its peak height, hmF2. Since early 1990s, foF2 and hmF2, though to a lesser extent, have been widely analyzed to find these trends. This study shows long‐term TEC trends for the period 1999–2023 from available global International GNSS service TEC maps. Using F30, F10.7 or MgII as proxies to filter out the effect of solar EUV, the trends are negative, not only for the mean global value but also for most regions with very few exceptions. This would align with the greenhouse effect hypothesis, even though our results show higher negative trend values than expected theoretically.
SUMOylation of TP53INP1 is involved in miR-30a-5p-regulated heart senescence
Authors: Hong Yi-Xiang , Wu Chan , Li Jing-Zhou , Song Fei , Hu Yu , Han Yue , Mao Yi-Jie , Wu Wei-Yin , Wang Yan , Li Gang
Published: November 2024

Heart senescence is critical for cardiac function. This study aimed to characterize the role and mechanism of action of miR-30a-5p in cardiac senescence. miR-30a-5p was downregulated in aged mouse hearts and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). In vivo, using a combination of echocardiography and different molecular biological approaches, we investigated the role of miR-30a-5p knockout or overexpression in natural- or D-galactose-induced heart aging in mice. In vitro, using RNA sequencing and a series of molecular biology methods, the mechanism by which miR-30a-5p regulates cardiac senescence was explored in cardiomyocytes. miR-30a-5p knockout mice showed aggravated natural- or D-galactose-induced heart aging compared to wild-type littermate mice, with significantly decreased heart function, an increased number of γH2AX-positive cells, reduced telomere length, and upregulated p21 and p53 expression. Cardiac-specific knockdown of miR-30a-5p using adeno-associated virus 9 in D-galactose-induced senescent wild-type mice resulted in effects similar to those observed in knockout mice. Notably, the overexpression of miR-30a-5p in wild-type murine hearts alleviated D-galactose-induced heart senescence by improving heart function, increasing telomere length, decreasing the number of γH2AX-positive cells, and downregulating p53 and p21 expression. This was confirmed in D-galactose-treated or naturally aged NRCMs. Mechanistically, TP53INP1 was identified as a target of miR-30a-5p by mediating the SUMOylation of TP53INP1 and its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to interact with p53. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that cardiac-specific TP53INP1 deficiency ameliorates miR-30a-5p knockout-aggravated cardiac dysfunction and heart senescence. This study identified miR-30a-5p as a crucial modulator of heart senescence and revealed that the miR-30a-5p–TP53INP1–p53 axis is essential for heart and cardiomyocyte aging.
Deep learning-assisted object recognition with hybrid triboelectric-capacitive tactile sensor
Authors: Xie Yating , Cheng Hongyu , Yuan Chaocheng , Zheng Limin , Peng Zhengchun , Meng Bo
Published: November 2024

Tactile sensors play a critical role in robotic intelligence and human-machine interaction. In this manuscript, we propose a hybrid tactile sensor by integrating a triboelectric sensing unit and a capacitive sensing unit based on porous PDMS. The triboelectric sensing unit is sensitive to the surface material and texture of the grasped objects, while the capacitive sensing unit responds to the object’s hardness. By combining signals from the two sensing units, tactile object recognition can be achieved among not only different objects but also the same object in different states. In addition, both the triboelectric layer and the capacitor dielectric layer were fabricated through the same manufacturing process. Furthermore, deep learning was employed to assist the tactile sensor in accurate object recognition. As a demonstration, the identification of 12 samples was implemented using this hybrid tactile sensor, and an recognition accuracy of 98.46% was achieved. Overall, the proposed hybrid tactile sensor has shown great potential in robotic perception and tactile intelligence.
SIRT6-dependent functional switch via K494 modifications of RE-1 silencing transcription factor
Authors: Zaretsky Adam , Venzor Alfredo Garcia , Eremenko Ekaterina , Stein Daniel , Smirnov Dmitrii , Rabuah Yuval , Dryer Rebecca , Kriukov Dmitrii , Kaluski-Kopatch Shai , Einav Monica , Khrameeva Ekaterina , Toiber Debra
Published: November 2024

RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a key repressor of neural genes. REST is upregulated under stress signals, aging and neurodegenerative diseases, but although it is upregulated, its function is lost in Alzheimer’s Disease. However, why it becomes inactive remains unclear. Here, we show that the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT6 regulates REST expression, location and activity. In the absence of SIRT6, REST is overexpressed but mislocalized, leading to a partial loss of its activity and causing it to become toxic. SIRT6 deficiency abrogates REST and EZH2 interaction, perturbs the location of REST to the heterochromatin Lamin B ring, and leads to REST target gene overexpression. SIRT6 reintroduction or REST methyl-mimic K494M expression rescues this phenotype, while an acetyl-mimic mutant loses its function even in WT cells. Our studies define a novel regulatory switch where, depending on SIRT6 presence, the function of REST is regulated by post-translational modifications on K494 (Ac/me), affecting neuronal gene expression.
A mild case of Cockayne syndrome with a novel start-loss variant of ERCC8
Authors: Matsuoka Taro , Yoshida Takeshi , Kora Kengo , Yano Naoko , Taura Yoshihiro , Nakamura Takashi , Tozawa Takenori , Mori Jun , Chiyonobu Tomohiro
Published: November 2024

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a progressive multisystem disorder characterized by growth failure, microcephaly, developmental delay, and photosensitivity. The characteristic symptoms appear during early childhood in most patients with CS. Herein, we report a mild case of CS with a novel start-loss variant in ERCC8 that did not show the characteristic symptoms of CS during early childhood and exhibited sudden growth failure after the age of 10 years.
Integration of molecular coarse-grained model into geometric representation learning framework for protein-protein complex property prediction
Authors: Yue Yang , Li Shu , Cheng Yihua , Wang Lie , Hou Tingjun , Zhu Zexuan , He Shan
Published: November 2024

Structure-based machine learning algorithms have been utilized to predict the properties of protein-protein interaction (PPI) complexes, such as binding affinity, which is critical for understanding biological mechanisms and disease treatments. While most existing algorithms represent PPI complex graph structures at the atom-scale or residue-scale, these representations can be computationally expensive or may not sufficiently integrate finer chemical-plausible interaction details for improving predictions. Here, we introduce MCGLPPI, a geometric representation learning framework that combines graph neural networks (GNNs) with MARTINI molecular coarse-grained (CG) models to predict PPI overall properties accurately and efficiently. Extensive experiments on three types of downstream PPI property prediction tasks demonstrate that at the CG-scale, MCGLPPI achieves competitive performance compared with the counterparts at the atom- and residue-scale, but with only a third of computational resource consumption. Furthermore, CG-scale pre-training on protein domain-domain interaction structures enhances its predictive capabilities for PPI tasks. MCGLPPI offers an effective and efficient solution for PPI overall property predictions, serving as a promising tool for the large-scale analysis of biomolecular interactions.
Marine and terrestrial contributions to atmospheric deposition fluxes of methylated arsenic species
Authors: Breuninger Esther S. , Tolu Julie , Aemisegger Franziska , Thurnherr Iris , Bouchet Sylvain , Mestrot Adrien , Ossola Rachele , McNeill Kristopher , Tukhmetova Dariya , Vogl Jochen , Meermann Björn , Sonke Jeroen E. , Winkel Lenny H. E.
Published: November 2024

Arsenic, a toxic element from both anthropogenic and natural sources, reaches surface environments through atmospheric cycling and dry and wet deposition. Biomethylation volatilizes arsenic into the atmosphere and deposition cycles it back to the surface, affecting soil-plant systems. Chemical speciation of deposited arsenic is important for understanding further processing in soils and bioavailability. However, the range of atmospheric transport and source signature of arsenic species remain understudied. Here we report significant levels of methylated arsenic in precipitation, cloud water and aerosols collected under free tropospheric conditions at Pic du Midi Observatory (France) indicating long-range transport, which is crucial for atmospheric budgets. Through chemical analyses and moisture source diagnostics, we identify terrestrial and marine sources for distinct arsenic species. Estimated atmospheric deposition fluxes of methylated arsenic are similar to reported methylation rates in soils, highlighting atmospheric deposition as a significant, overlooked source of potentially bioavailable methylated arsenic species impacting plant uptake in soils.
High-speed and low-power molecular dynamics processing unit (MDPU) with ab initio accuracy
Authors: Mo Pinghui , Zhang Yujia , Zhao Zhuoying , Sun Hanhan , Li Junhua , Guan Dawei , Ding Xi , Zhang Xin , Chen Bo , Shi Mengchao , Zhang Duo , Lu Denghui , Wang Yinan , Huang Jianxing , Liu Fei , Li Xinyu , Chen Mohan , Cheng Jun , Liang Bin , E Weinan , Dai Jiayu , Zhang Linfeng , Wang Han , Liu Jie
Published: November 2024

Molecular dynamics (MD) is an indispensable atomistic-scale computational tool widely-used in various disciplines. In the past decades, nearly all ab initio MD and machine-learning MD have been based on the general-purpose central/graphics processing units (CPU/GPU), which are well-known to suffer from their intrinsic “memory wall” and “power wall” bottlenecks. Consequently, nowadays MD calculations with ab initio accuracy are extremely time-consuming and power-consuming, imposing serious restrictions on the MD simulation size and duration. To solve this problem, here we propose a special-purpose MD processing unit (MDPU), which could reduce MD time and power consumption by about 103 times (109 times) compared to state-of-the-art machine-learning MD (ab initio MD) based on CPU/GPU, while keeping ab initio accuracy. With significantly-enhanced performance, the proposed MDPU may pave a way for the accurate atomistic-scale analysis of large-size and/or long-duration problems which were impossible/impractical to compute before.
Do smaller P300 amplitudes in schizophrenia result from larger variability in temporal processing?
Authors: Wilson Mareike , Joos Ellen , Giersch Anne , Bonnefond Anne , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Hecker Lukas , Kornmeier Jürgen
Published: November 2024

The P3b is a prominent event-related potential (ERP) with maximal amplitude between 250 ms and 500 ms after the onset of a rare target stimulus within a sequence of standard non-target stimuli (oddball paradigm). Several studies found reduced P3b amplitudes in patients with schizophrenia compared to neurotypicals. Our work and the literature suggest that temporal imprecision may play a large pathophysiological role in schizophrenia. Here, we investigated whether reduced P3b amplitudes result from reduced neural activity (power) or temporal imprecision (inter-trial phase coherence; ITC) in delta and theta bands, using two EEG datasets from different studies with different oddball paradigms (Study 1: 19 patients with schizophrenia and 17 matched controls, Study 2: 26 patients and 26 controls). Both studies revealed typical P3b ERP components with smaller amplitudes in patients. Reduced ITC in patients was found in the delta band, which correlated with P3b peak amplitudes for all participant groups (ρ = 0.58–0.89). In Study 1, we also found significant differences between patients and controls in ITC in the theta band, which also correlated with P3b peak amplitudes (patients’ ρ = 0.64, controls’ ρ = 0.54). This was not found in Study 2. The results indicate that P3b amplitude reduction in patients with schizophrenia is linked to a reduction in temporal precision of neural activity. These results expand the notion of imprecision in temporal processing at phenomenological, psychological, and neurological levels that have been related to disturbances of the sense of self. They confirm that temporal imprecision may be more important than the reduction of neural activity itself.
Widespread and systematic effects of fire on plant–soil water relations
Authors: Baur Martin J. , Friend Andrew D. , Pellegrini Adam F. A.
Published: November 2024

Wildfire activity and the hydrological cycle are strongly interlinked. While it is well known that wildfire occurrence and intensity are controlled by water availability, less is known about the effects of wildfire on plant and soil water cycling, especially at large scales. Here we investigate this by analysing fire impacts on the coupling between plant and soil water content, at the global scale, using remote sensing of soil moisture, vegetation water content and burned area. We find a strong effect of fire on plant–soil water relations, accelerating soil moisture loss by 17% and leading to faster gains in vegetation water content by 62%, both of which are positively related to fire severity and largest in forests. This effect is spatially extensive, with accelerated soil moisture loss found in 67%, and increased vegetation water content gain found in 67% of all analysed burned areas. After fire, plants also tended to have less control on their water content (that is, were more anisohydric). In summary, fire changes ecosystem functioning by increasing ecosystem water losses and shifting the relationship between soil and vegetation water budgets. With climate change, wildfire is likely to play an increasingly important role in ecosystem water cycling and subsequent ecosystem recovery.
A mass spectrometry-based peptidomic dataset of the spermosphere in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds
Authors: Saccaram Chandrodhay , Brosse Céline , Collet Boris , Sourdeval Delphine , François Tracy , Bernay Benoît , Corso Massimiliano , Rajjou Loïc
Published: November 2024

The spermosphere, a dynamic microenvironment surrounding germinating seeds, is shaped by the complex interactions between natural compounds exuded by seeds and seed-associated microbial communities. While peptides exuded by plants are known to influence microbiota diversity, little is known about those specifically exuded by seeds. In this study, we characterised the peptidome profile of the spermosphere for the first time using seeds from eight genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in two contrasting production regions. An untargeted LC-MS/MS peptidomic analysis revealed 3,258 peptides derived from 414 precursor proteins of common bean in the spermosphere. This comprehensive peptidomic dataset provides valuable insights into the characteristics of peptides exuded by common bean seeds in the spermosphere. It can be used to identify peptides with potential antimicrobial or other biological activities, advancing our understanding of the functional roles of seed-exuded peptides in the spermosphere.
Private aviation is making a growing contribution to climate change
Authors: Gössling Stefan , Humpe Andreas , Leitão Jorge Cardoso
Published: November 2024

Commercial aviation’s contribution to climate change is growing, but the global role of private aviation is not well quantified. Here we calculate the sector’s CO2 emissions, using flight tracker data from the ADS-B Exchange platform for the period 2019 to 2023. Flight times for 25,993 private aircraft and 18,655,789 individual flights in 2019-2023 are linked to 72 aircraft models and their average fuel consumption. We find that private aviation contributed at least 15.6 Mt CO2 in direct emissions in 2023, or about 3.6 t CO2 per flight. Almost half of all flights (47.4%) are shorter than 500 km. Private aviation is concentrated in the USA, where 68.7% of the aircraft are registered. Flight pattern analysis confirms extensive travel for leisure purposes, and for cultural and political events. Emissions increased by 46% between 2019-2023, with industry expectations of continued strong growth. Regulation is needed to address the sector’s growing climate impact.
Structural determination of fructooligosaccharides and raffinose family oligosaccharides using logically derived sequence tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liew Chia Yen , Li Wun-Long , Ni Chi-Kung
Published: November 2024

Logical procedures for structural determination of fructooligosaccharides and raffinose family oligosaccharides.
Tandem indium oxide–boron nitride catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane
Authors: Cao Lei , Xu Peng , Zhong Guohui , Wu Yifan , Wen Sheng , Shang Rongliang , Liu Yixiao , Dai Pengcheng , Xie Jin
Published: November 2024

In the ODHP, tandem In2O3-BN catalysts achieve an olefin productivity of 0.88 goelfins gcat−1 h−1, representing a 1.8-fold increase compared to pristine BN. This enhancement is attributed to the regulation of side reactions by uncoated In2O3.
Hydrogen spillover for boosted catalytic activity towards hydrazine oxidation
Authors: Pan Shuyuan , Xie Yuhua , Li Chen , Li Chunsheng , Sun Yan , Yang Zehui
Published: November 2024

A nanoflower-like MoO2–Rh electrocatalyst exhibits a 3.5-fold higher mass activity in the hydrazine oxidation reaction compared with Rh, attributed to the hydrogen spillover, acting as a hydrogen pump to deplete hydrogen from the Rh active site.
Synergistic effects of NiPtCo/Ti0.7W0.3O2 hybrid electrocatalysts for accelerating formic acid electro-oxidation performance
Authors: Nguyen Anh Quoc Khuong , Huynh Tai Thien , Dang Nam Nguyen , Pham Hau Quoc
Published: November 2024

Synergistic contributions of ternary alloys and TiO2-based supports accelerate the formic acid electro-oxidation process via the dominant dehydrogenation pathway.
Deciphering nonlinear optical properties in functionalized hexaphyrins via explainable machine learning
Authors: Desmedt Eline , Jacobs Michiel , Alonso Mercedes , De Vleeschouwer Freija
Published: November 2024

The NLO response of hexaphyrins is traced back to its driving forces using kernel ridge regression and explainable machine learning. Orbital and charge-transfer based features play a key role, as opposed to aromaticity and geometrical descriptors.
Molten salt synthesized Tb3+, Pr3+ or Dy3+ single doped CaTa4O11 with persistent luminescence
Authors: Fan Yuhan , Cao Yongze , Li Meiling , Xu Sai , Wang Yichao , Zhang Xizhen , Zhang Jinsu , Chen Baojiu
Published: November 2024

The structure of Tb3+, Pr3+, Dy3+ and Eu3+ monodoped CaTa4O11 phosphors and their PersL pattern.
Oxidative potential of atmospheric particulate matter collected in low-income urban settlements in South Africa
Authors: Segakweng Constance K. , Van Zyl Pieter G. , Liousse Cathy , Gnamien S. , Gardrat Eric , Beukes Johan P. , Jaars Kerneels , Dumat C. , Guinot B. , Josipovic Micky , Language Brigitte , Burger Roelof P. , Piketh Stuart J. , Xiong T.
Published: November 2024

Higher redox activity was determined for the finest particles for both outdoor and indoor aerosols. DTT redox activity of particulates had strong correlations with organic and inorganic species for outdoor and indoor samples.
A probiotic multi-strain mixture combined with hydroxyectoine improves intestinal barrier function by alleviating inflammation in lipopolysaccharide stimulated differentiated Caco-2 cells
Authors: Dabous Azza , Stellavato Antonietta , Cimini Donatella , Vassallo Valentina , D'Agostino Maria , Schiraldi Chiara
Published: November 2024

Freeze-dried formula containing three probiotic strains and hydroxyectoine reduces LPS-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells, assessed via RT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence for tight junction integrity.
Active hydrogen tuning by copper–cobalt bimetal catalysts for boosting ammonia electrosynthesis from simulated wastewater
Authors: Yang Chunqi , Liu Chang , Zhuang Jingwen , Yang Ziyan , Chen Aiping , Li Yuhang , Li Chunzhong
Published: November 2024

We propose a pathway based on in situ Raman and ATR-SEIRAS results. The Cu sites activate NO3− to *NO2− and Co(OH)2 derived from metallic Co can provide sufficient *H for hydrogenation of *NO2− to NH3.
Bio-derived solvent-based automated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for pretreatment of diamide insecticides in environmental water samples
Authors: Liu Jin , Wang Yuxin , Song Rui , Yang Yukun , Li Li , Jing Xu
Published: November 2024

The automatic dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on bio-derived solvents achieved great environmental greenness, high-throughput operation, and low human error compared to the present sample pretreatment methods for diamide insecticides.
A Gaussian spot overlap ablation model for prediction of aluminium alloy spectral peak intensity in high pulse repetition frequency LIBS
Authors: Qu Dongming , Su Bohao , Bai Zhongshu , Liu Biye , Jin Xueying , Chen Guanyu , Fu Yuting , Gu Tingwen , Yang Guang , Li Qingkai
Published: November 2024

The use of microjoule high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) lasers as excitation sources is an important direction in the miniaturisation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instruments.
Observing root growth and signalling responses to stress gradients and pathogens using the bi-directional dual-flow RootChip
Authors: Allan Claudia , Sun Yiling , Whisson Stephen C. , Porter Michael , Boevink Petra C. , Nock Volker , Meisrimler Claudia-Nicole
Published: November 2024

Using a bi-directional dual-flow RootChip with integrated force sensing micropillars, root growth and signalling responses to stress gradients and pathogens were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum.
Water-harvesting polymer coatings for plant leaves
Authors: Milatz Roland , Reink Carmen , van den Berg Tomas E. , Duvigneau Joost , Vancso G. Julius , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: November 2024

Thirst quencher: “Smart” coatings keep plants hydrated. Novel polymer films on leaves harvest water from the air, offering a potential solution to drought in a changing climate.
Integrating hydroxyapatite and bovine bone mineral into cellulose–collagen matrices for enhanced osteogenesis
Authors: Pinteala Tudor , Sirbu Paul-Dan , Anghel Narcis , Rosca Irina , Voicu Geanina , Calin Manuela , Spiridon Iuliana
Published: November 2024

Advanced biomaterials for bone regeneration, combining cellulose/aminomethylphenylboronic cellulose, collagen, and hydroxyapatite or InterOss® to enhance structural support and prevent infections.
Disorder induced augmentation of the specific capacitance of δ-MnO2 nanoflowers by incorporating Fe3O4 nanodiamonds for supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Siddiki Md. Raihan , Abtahee Shahid Abubakar , Rahaman Mizanur , Islam Muhammad Rakibul , Zubair Md. Abdullah
Published: November 2024

The crystallographic disorder induced by Fe3O4 nanodiamonds plays a vital role in enhancing the specific capacitance of δ-MnO2 nanoflowers.
Design and characterization of multi-component lamellar materials based on MWW-type zeolitic layers and metal oxide sub-domains
Authors: Esteban Cristina , Velty Alexandra , Díaz Urbano
Published: November 2024

Design and preparation of multi-component materials containing zeolitic MWW layers and sub-domains of mixed metal oxides following synthesis strategies.
Concealable physical unclonable function generation and an in-memory encryption machine using vertical self-rectifying memristors
Authors: Cho Jea Min , Kim Seung Soo , Park Tae Won , Shin Dong Hoon , Kim Yeong Rok , Park Hyung Jun , Kim Dong Yun , Lee Soo Hyung , Park Taegyun , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: November 2024

This study demonstrated the potential of vertically stacked resistive random access memory (V-RRAM) as a hardware security solution, capable of performing both key generation and encryption.
Thermal oxidation synthesis of MoS2/MoO3 composites for cationic dye adsorption
Authors: de Almeida Jéssica Cristina , Rodrigues Thais Aparecida , de Souza Thais Mota , Del Duque Douglas M. S. , Giraldi Tânia Regina , de Mendonça Vagner R.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the influence of synthesis parameters on the preparation of MoS2/MoO3 composites and their adsorption performance for methylene blue (MB) dye removal.
MnO2 nanozyme@persistent luminescent nanoparticles for dual-modality glucose detection
Authors: Zhang Yue , Abdurahman Renagul , Han Yaoxing , Liu Shiji , Zhang Rui , Guan Ming , Yin Xue-Bo , Gao Jie , Wu Shuqi
Published: November 2024

Persistent luminescent nanoparticle composites for colorimetric–phosphorescent bimodal detection of glucose.
Boosting quantum efficiency and suppressing self-absorption in CdS quantum dots through interface engineering
Authors: Das Shyamashis , Bhattacharyya Biswajit , Mohanty Ashutosh , Mukherjee Poulomi , Mukherjee Arpita , Dutta Anirban , Pandey Anshu , Mahadevan Priya , Viswanatha Ranjani , Sarma D. D.
Published: November 2024

Interface-engineered semiconductor quantum dots finally have it all – near-ideal photoluminescence efficiency and wide tunability without self-absorption.
Enhanced antifungal activity of siRNA-loaded anionic liposomes against the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Yu Yidong , Vogel Theresa , Hirsch Sina , Groll Jürgen , Albrecht Krystyna , Beilhack Andreas
Published: November 2024

Application of anionic liposomes co-loaded with amphotericin B and siRNA demonstrates a temporary antifungal effect lasting 3–4 days, highlighting their therapeutic potential.
Production of mixed phase Ti3+-rich TiO2 thin films by oxide defect engineered crystallization
Authors: Palmolahti Lauri , Ali-Löytty Harri , Hannula Markku , Tinus Tuomas , Lehtola Kalle , Tukiainen Antti , Reuna Jarno , Valden Mika
Published: November 2024

Oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ defects in the amorphous phase of TiO2 predetermine vacuum annealing induced crystallization. Anatase, nanocrystalline rutile or mixed phases can be created by defect engineering without affecting the O/Ti ratio.
A facile approach for fabricating efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sajid Sajid , Alzahmi Salem , Tabet Nouar , Al-Haik Mohammad Y. , Mahmoud Saleh T. , Haik Yousef , Elseman Ahmed Mourtada , Obaidat Ihab M.
Published: November 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) can be produced using a variety of methods, such as different fabrication methods, device layout modification, and component and interface engineering.
Influence of CeO2 support morphology on the structural and NO2−RR performance of CeO2@Au catalyst
Authors: Li Jin , Zhang Wei , Xing Xiujing , Lv Yaokang , Lyu Renliang , Xiong Wei , Li Hao
Published: November 2024

The impact of different CeO2 support morphology on the surface structure of CeO2@Au catalyst, and its performance in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite to ammonia was investigated systematically.
Thiocyanoalkylation of alkenes via dual photoredox and copper catalysis
Authors: Wang Xu , Xiao Bi-Yin , Jiang Qi-Xuan , Huang Wei , Zhang Feng-Hua
Published: November 2024

Organic thiocyanates are commonly used as essential organic synthesis intermediates and are widely present in various drug molecules and bioactive molecules.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfilimines via S–C bond formation
Authors: Shi Yingying , Zheng Shuiyun , Huang Jiapian , He Fu-Sheng , Yang Min , Wu Jie
Published: November 2024

In this article, recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfilimines from sulfenamides via S–C bond formation are highlighted.
Investigation and development of novel synthetic approaches for synthesis of euxanthone and derived dyes
Authors: Cetin M. Mustafa
Published: November 2024

This work explores new synthetic methods for euxanthone and its derived dye Indian yellow through euxanthic acid formation, confirming structures with analytical techniques and proposing a mechanism for the euxanthone synthesis.
Design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of triazolopyrimidine hybrids as multitarget directed anticancer agents
Authors: Adawy Heba A. , Tawfik Samar S. , Elgazar Abdullah A. , Selim Khalid B. , Goda Fatma E.
Published: November 2024

In response to the urgent need for new anti-proliferative agents, four novel series of triazolopyrimidine compounds (7a–e, 9a–d, 11a–f, and 13a–e) were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy.
Probing the water adsorption and stability under steam flow of Zr-based metal–organic frameworks using 91Zr solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Nadol Athulya , Venel Florian , Giovine Raynald , Leloire Maëva , Volkringer Christophe , Loiseau Thierry , Gervais Christel , Mellot-Draznieks Caroline , Doumert Bertrand , Trébosc Julien , Lafon Olivier , Pourpoint Frédérique
Published: November 2024

The stability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in the presence of water is crucial for a wide range of applications, including the production of freshwater, desiccation, humidity control, heat pumps/chillers and capture and separation of gases.
Mechanism of action and evaluation of ratiometric probes for uric acid using lanthanide complexes with tetraazatriphenylene sensitisers
Authors: Wen Xinyi , Li Huishan , Ju Zhijie , Deng Renren , Parker David
Published: November 2024

Six Eu(iii) and Tb(iii) complexes are evaluated for the rapid ratiometric analysis of urate in diluted serum, together with mechanistic studies probing the intermediate exciplex and the excited state dynamics by transient absorption spectroscopy.
Photo-triggered NO release of nitrosyl complexes bearing first-row transition metals and therapeutic applications
Authors: Sun Seungwon , Choe Jisu , Cho Jaeheung
Published: November 2024

This review provides an overview of current knowledge and recent developments in the field of photolabile first-row transition metal–nitrosyl complexes, focusing on the structural and electronic properties, photoreactivity, photodissociation mechanisms, and therapeutic applications.
Modelling a hydrogen production system using solar hierarchical volumetric receivers and a steam gasification reactor
Authors: Bartali Ruben , Valentini Damiano , Piazzi Stefano , Cordioli Eleonora , Baratieri Marco , Bolognese Michele , Pratticò Luca , D'Souza David , González-Aguilar José , Romero Manuel , Coser Gianni , Crema Luigi
Published: November 2024

The use of solar energy in the production of fuels is a compelling and attractive application, as it can mitigate issues related to the intermittency of solar energy, thereby supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy.
How crystal structure and microstructure can influence the sodium-ion conductivity in halide perovskites
Authors: Martinez de Irujo-Labalde Xabier , Zhao Tong , Samanta Bibek , Bernges Tim , Faka Vasiliki , Sobolev Alexander N. , Maus Oliver , Appel Markus , Kraft Marvin A. , Hansen Michael Ryan , Zeier Wolfgang G.
Published: November 2024

The herein presented study of the Na3−2xIn(iii)1−xTa(v)xCl6 system with respect to their perovskite crystal structure, microstructure, and ionic transport properties demonstrates the coupling among these three aspects.
Elucidating the effects of the carbon source on fluorination kinetics and the CFx structure to tailor the energy density of Li/CFx
Authors: Zhang Shixue , Li Yu , Xu Hang , Peng Cong , Kong Lingchen , Gui Zhihao , Feng Wei
Published: November 2024

Revealing the synergistic effect to guide CFx implementation, fluorination mechanism to influence the fluorine pattern, and structure–performance relationship for CFx design.
Siloxane engineered polydiketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives with improved crystallinity and doping efficiency for thermoelectric power generation
Authors: Hussain Shabab , Wu Yufeng , Chen Zhifu , Luo Zhiyong , Zhong Fei , Chen Yu , Gao Chunmei , Wang Lei
Published: November 2024

FeCl3-doped siloxane side-engineered diketopyrrolopyrrole polymer films exhibited improved crystallinity and higher doping efficiency, consequently, and achieved higher thermoelectric properties, i.e., conductivity and power factors.
Polycyclic aromatic polymer nanoparticles show potent infectious particle adsorption capability
Authors: Oishi Yudai , Toyoda Mako , Hano Nanami , Motozono Chihiro , Ueno Takamasa , Takafuji Makoto
Published: November 2024

Newly synthesised polycyclic aromatic polymer nanoparticles with different structures showed high adsorption capacity for SARS-CoV-2 infectious particles, but the adsorption capacity was found to depend on the polymer structure.
Shear-structured piezoelectric accelerometers based on KNN lead-free ceramics for vibration monitoring
Authors: Ding Yi , Wang Yu , Liu Wenbin , Pan Yongqi , Yang Ping , Meng Dechao , Zheng Ting , Wu Jiagang
Published: November 2024

A study of KNN-based ceramic coefficients enabled the development of a shear-mode piezoelectric accelerometer with excellent performance. This work proposes using the effective piezoelectric coefficient dij (eff) to evaluate sensor materials.
Unusual modes of cell and nuclear divisions characterise Drosophila development
Authors: Yang Qiaolin , Wijaya Fernando , Kapoor Ridam , Chandrasekaran Harshaa , Jagtiani Siddhant , Moran Izaac , Hime Gary R.
Published: November 2024

The growth and development of metazoan organisms is dependent upon a co-ordinated programme of cellular proliferation and differentiation, from the initial formation of the zygote through to maintenance of mature organs in adult organisms. Early studies of proliferation of ex vivo cultures and unicellular eukaryotes described a cyclic nature of cell division characterised by periods of DNA synthesis (S-phase) and segregation of newly synthesized chromosomes (M-phase) interspersed by seeming inactivity, the gap phases, G1 and G2. We now know that G1 and G2 play critical roles in regulating the cell cycle, including monitoring of favourable environmental conditions to facilitate cell division, and ensuring genomic integrity prior to DNA replication and nuclear division. M-phase is usually followed by the physical separation of nascent daughters, termed cytokinesis. These phases where G1 leads to S phase, followed by G2 prior to M phase and the subsequent cytokinesis to produce two daughters, both identical in genomic composition and cellular morphology are what might be termed an archetypal cell division. Studies of development of many different organs in different species have demonstrated that this stereotypical cell cycle is often subverted to produce specific developmental outcomes, and examples from over 100 years of analysis of the development of Drosophila melanogaster have uncovered many different modes of cell division within this one species.
Oral Reading Prosody and Comprehension in Persons With Aphasia: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Lins Jordan S. , Smith Kimberly G.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

This study acoustically characterized the oral reading prosody of persons with aphasia (PWA) and neurotypical controls for a connected text and aimed to determine which prosodic features were most associated with performance on a reading comprehension task.

Method:

Six PWA and six neurotypical, age- and education-matched controls participated in this preliminary study. Participants read Paragraph 3 of the Gray Oral Reading Tests–Fifth Edition aloud and subsequently answered five comprehension questions. A total of 11 measures related to phrasing, intonation, and expressivity were extracted using Praat for each participant in order for comparisons to be made across participant groups and associations examined with reading comprehension scores.

Results:

The Mann–Whitney
U
test suggested a significant difference between PWA and control participants for intersentential pause durations, pausal intrusion frequency, and duration of pausal–pausal syllables. Although statistically nonsignificant, intersentential pause duration, pausal intrusion frequency, pausal intrusion duration, duration of prepausal syllables, and intensity amplitude following a syntactic juncture were all moderately correlated (all
r
s > .58) with comprehension of Paragraph 3 of the Gray Oral Reading Tests–Fifth Edition in PWA. All measures were weakly correlated with comprehension for the control participants.

Conclusions:

PWA demonstrated statistically significant longer durations for intersentential pauses and prepausal syllables, and a greater number of pausal intrusions. Interestingly, three of the five measures moderately correlated to comprehension were those that were statistically different between the two participant groups. As such, preliminary findings of this study warrant further investigation in a larger sample of PWA.
Pilot Trial of a Speech-Language Pathology Telehealth Service to Enhance Postdischarge Dysphagia Care in Singapore
Authors: Poon Flora M. M. , Ward Elizabeth C. , Burns Clare L.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Patients and caregivers in Singapore experience issues managing dysphagia care at home following hospital discharge, and they prioritized improving access to postdischarge dysphagia care and support. Hence, a postdischarge dysphagia telehealth service was developed. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of this service by examining patient and service outcomes, preliminary costs, and consumer satisfaction.

Method:

Patients with dysphagia and their caregivers attended one or more telehealth sessions over the initial month post–hospital discharge. Reviews of dietary adherence and preparation, swallowing function, and therapy progress were conducted. If needed, clinical support and intervention were provided. Data related to patient and service outcomes, preliminary costs, and consumer satisfaction were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

Results:

Twenty patients attended 42 telehealth sessions. No support was provided during 10 sessions, minor support was provided during 13 sessions, and major support and intervention were provided to address patient and swallowing safety during 19 sessions. Out of 20 patients, 19 required support and intervention during the first week postdischarge, but they experienced fewer issues with each subsequent session. They were highly satisfied with the service. The average session duration was 29.6 min. No sessions were cancelled. This service can be delivered with minimal additional health service resources and at a low cost to consumers.

Conclusions:

This service is feasible, cost-effective, and well accepted by consumers. It facilitates early identification and management of swallowing and patient safety during the initial month post–hospital discharge. Wider implementation of this service model should be considered.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27327345
Analysis of steady‐state operation of active distribution network under uncertain conditions
Authors: Zhu Ruijing
Published: November 2024

Recently, distributed generators (DGs) have been widely integrated into distribution network, so that the distribution network is gradually transforming into an active distribution network (ADN). Due to the influence of meteorological conditions, the output of DGs has high uncertainty. At the same time, considering the increasing variety of loads in ADNs, the uncertainty of load demand of user side is also increasing. In order to fully consider the uncertainty of measurement and quantitatively evaluate the operational status, this paper proposes a steady‐state analysis method for ADNs under uncertain conditions. Firstly, this paper proposes a steady‐state analysis method including power flow analysis model and evaluation indicators for the operation status from the perspectives of node and network. Secondly, the uncertainty factors are elaborated from three aspects: sources, impact on evaluation index and impact on scheduling. The evaluation indicators considering uncertain conditions, the impact on system security and scheduling of network are further discussed. Finally, through the simulation analysis of the modified IEEE 33‐node test system, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.