bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Sub‐Seafloor Seismic Structure of the Alaska Peninsula Along the Alaska‐Aleutian Subduction Zone
Authors: Zheng Mengjie , Sheehan Anne F. , Liu Chuanming , Wu Mengyu , Ritzwoller Michael H.
Published: November 2024

A shallow sub‐seafloor seismic model that includes well‐determined seismic velocities and clarifies sediment‐crust discontinuities is needed to characterize the physical properties of marine sediments and the oceanic crust and to serve as a reference for deeper seismic modeling endeavors. This study estimates the seismic structure of marine sediments and the shallow oceanic crust of the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone at the Alaska Peninsula, using data from the Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment (AACSE). We measure seafloor compliance and Ps converted wave delays from AACSE ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBS) and seafloor pressure data and interpret these measurements using a joint Bayesian Monte Carlo inversion to produce a sub‐seafloor S‐wave velocity model beneath each available OBS station. The sediment thickness across the array varies considerably, ranging from about 50 m to 2.80 km, with the thickest sediment located in the continental slope. Lithological composition plays an important role in shaping the seismic properties of seafloor sediment. Deep‐sea deposits on the incoming plate, which contain biogenic materials, tend to have reduced S‐wave velocities, contrasting with the clay‐rich sediments in the shallow continental shelf and continental slope. A difference in S‐wave velocities is observed for upper oceanic crust formed at fast‐rate (Shumagin) and intermediate‐rate (Semidi) spreading centers. The reduced S‐wave velocities in the Semidi crust may be caused by increased faulting and possible lithological variations, related to a previous period of intermediate‐rate spreading.
Hydrography of the Inner Basins in Hornsund (Svalbard): Heat Advection Near Tidewater Glaciers
Authors: Jain Vineet , Korhonen Meri , Głowacki Oskar , Moskalik Mateusz
Published: November 2024

Atlantic‐type hydrography is becoming more dominant in the Svalbard fjords. Advected warm waters affect sea‐ice formation and melting rates of tidewater glaciers. Therefore, it is important to study hydrographic variability in fjords. Here, we use hydrographic data from Hornsund fjord to investigate the presence of warm water masses close to tidewater glaciers. Data span from May to October of 2015–2023 and cover several inner basins: Brepollen, Samarinvågen, Burgerbukta West, and Burgerbukta East, in addition to the main fjord. Average temperatures above 2C are observed during August–October in the surface–50 m layer of all the inner basins, and during September–October in the 50 m–bottom layer of all the inner basins except Burgerbukta East. The surface–50 m layer of both Burgerbukta basins is colder and fresher compared to Brepollen, despite Burgerbukta basins being closer to the fjord mouth. These spatial differences likely arise from counter‐clockwise currents that advect warm and saline shelf waters to Brepollen along the southern side of the fjord, and relatively cold and fresh mixed shelf‐fjord waters to Burgerbukta as they exit along the northern side of the fjord. Burgerbukta East is the coldest and freshest inner basin. The differences between the two Burgerbukta basins suggest a strong influence of underwater sills and site‐specific environmental processes such as glacier ablation and local circulation on the water properties. Observed differences in the water temperatures of these closely‐spaced inner basins match the spatial variability in the glacier retreat rates, and indicate the importance of ocean forcing for the ice mass loss.
Boreal Summer Extratropical Intraseasonal Oscillation Prediction in Current Subseasonal‐To‐Seasonal Operational Models Over Eurasia
Authors: Zhu Tao , Yang Jing , Bao Qing , Vitart Frederic
Published: November 2024

Extratropical intraseasonal oscillations (EISO), which is akin to the tropical ISO, significantly influence mid‐high‐latitude intraseasonal variability. Previous studies have shown that biases in the dynamical prediction of EISOs reduce the accuracy of subseasonal forecasts for extreme events, particularly in extratropical regions. However, the current dynamical prediction skills of EISO and associated dependence remain unclarified. Based on the recently proposed EISO metrics, which represent three dominant zonally propagating EISO modes traveling along the westerly jets, this study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the EISOs' prediction skill in 13 state‐of‐the‐art subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) prediction project models. Firstly, the S2S models display skill to predict the EISOs out to a range of 9–20 days, which demonstrates higher predictability compared to other conventional circulation modes in the extratropics. In the subseasonal prediction, EISOs' amplitudes are underestimated, and their propagating speeds feature large random errors in all S2S models. Secondly, the EISOs' prediction skill depends on their initial/target amplitude, particularly for strong target amplitudes, which showcase higher skill than weak‐amplitude EISOs. Thirdly, although the EISOs' prediction skill is sensitive to the EISOs' phase, it is not locked to any fixed phase, indicating that EISOs do not have an inherent prediction barrier like the tropical ISO. This study also discusses how the humidity initialization and ensemble sizes influence the EISOs' prediction skill, suggesting that increasing the ensemble members in the saturation range is an effective way of improving the prediction for extratropical subseasonal variation and related extreme events.
Predicting Cloud‐To‐Ground Lightning in the Western United States From the Large‐Scale Environment Using Explainable Neural Networks
Authors: Kalashnikov Dmitri A. , Davenport Frances V. , Labe Zachary M. , Loikith Paul C. , Abatzoglou John T. , Singh Deepti
Published: November 2024

Lightning is a major source of wildfire ignition in the western United States (WUS). We build and train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict the occurrence of cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning across the WUS during June–September from the spatial patterns of seven large‐scale meteorological variables from reanalysis (1995–2022). Individually trained CNN models at each 1° × 1° grid cell (n = 285 CNNs) show high skill at predicting CG lightning days across the WUS (median AUC = 0.8) and perform best in parts of the interior Southwest where summertime CG lightning is most common. Further, interannual correlation between observed and predicted CG lightning days is high (median r = 0.87), demonstrating that locally trained CNNs realistically capture year‐to‐year variation in CG lightning activity across the WUS. We then use layer‐wise relevance propagation (LRP) to investigate the relevance of predictor variables to successful CG lightning prediction in each grid cell. Using maximum LRP values, our results show that two thermodynamic variables—ratio of surface moist static energy to free‐tropospheric saturation moist static energy, and the 700–500 hPa lapse rate—are the most relevant CG lightning predictors for 93%–96% of CNNs depending on the LRP variant used. As lightning is not directly simulated by global climate models, these CNNs could be used to parameterize CG lightning in climate models to assess changes in future CG lightning occurrence with projected climate change. Understanding changes in CG lightning risk and consequently lightning‐caused wildfire risk across the WUS could inform fire management, planning, and disaster preparedness.
The Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum Recognized in Distal Alluvial Fan Strata of the Sevier Fold‐And‐Thrust Belt (Southwestern Wyoming, USA)
Authors: Foreman B. Z. , Secord R. , Korasidis V. A.
Published: November 2024

Fifty‐six million years ago a massive flux of exogenic carbon was rapidly released into Earth's oceans and atmosphere during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The warming associated with this release persisted for ∼200 kyr. It had severe impacts on ocean environments, global ecosystems, and the hydrologic cycle. Yet, regional patterns of response within continental settings are not well constrained. Here we describe the first recognition of the PETM in the Greater Green River Basin of western Wyoming, USA. We present new sedimentologic, chemostratigraphic, and paleontologic data from the Chappo Member of the Wasatch Formation in the Sevier fold‐and‐thrust belt. The Chappo Member contains lithofacies indicative of debris flows, ephemeral and incisional stream channels, and well‐drained overbank deposits, which, along with the geographic position of the study area, indicate a distal alluvial fan setting. Using pedogenic carbonates, we find a negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of ∼3.8‰ associated with the first appearance of Celtis endocarps stratigraphically above beds containing late Paleocene mammals. The CIE magnitude here is considerably smaller, compared to records from the Bighorn Basin, which we interpret to represent drier, better‐drained conditions. High baseline carbon isotope values suggest dry conditions in the study area, which likely resulted from well‐drained sediments associated with the distal alluvial fan. Low amounts of precipitation, as suggested by previous climate models, may have contributed to dryness. We also find sedimentologic evidence consistent with an enhanced hydrologic cycle during the PETM, as seen in other basins in the region.
Exact Solutions and Upscaling for 1D Two‐Phase Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Prempeh Kofi Ohemeng Kyei , George Parker William , Bedrikovetsky Pavel
Published: November 2024

Upscaling of 1D two‐phase flows in heterogeneous porous media is important in interpretation of laboratory coreflood data, streamline quasi 3D modeling, and numerical reservoir simulation. In 1D heterogeneous media with properties varying along the flow direction, phase permeabilities are coordinate‐dependent. This yields the Buckley‐Leverett equation with coordinate‐dependent fractional flow f = f(s, x), which reflects the heterogeneity. So, an x‐dependency is considered to reflect microscale heterogeneity and averaging over x—upscaling. This work aims to average or upscale the heterogeneous system to obtain the homogenized media with such fractional flow function F(S) that provides the same water‐cut history at the reservoir outlet, x = 1. Thus, F(S) is an equivalent property of the medium. So far, the exact upscaling for 1D micro heterogeneous systems has not been derived. With the x‐dependency of fractional flow, the Riemann invariant is flux f, which yields exact integration of 1D flow problems. The novel exact solutions are derived for flows with continuous saturation profile, transition of shock into continuous wave, transition of continuous wave into shock, and transport in heterogeneous piecewise‐uniform rocks. The exact procedure of upscaling from f = f(s, x) to F(S) is as follows: the inverse function to the upscaled F(S) is equal to the averaged saturation over x of the inverse microscale function s = f −1(f, x). It was found that the Welge's method as applied to heterogeneous cores provides the upscaled F(S). For characteristic finite‐difference scheme, the fluxes for microscale and upscaled‐numerical‐cell systems, coincide in all grid nodes.
Utilization of hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapy technology in Europe and associated Countries. Using the 2022 activity survey data to correlate with economic and demographic factors. A report from the EBMT
Authors: Passweg Jakob R. , Baldomero Helen , Alexander Tobias , Angelucci Emanuele , Averbuch Dina , Bazarbachi Ali , Ciceri Fabio , Raffaella Greco , Hazenberg Mette D. , Kalwak Krzysztof , McLornan Donal P. , Risitano Antonio M. , Ruggeri Annalisa , Snowden John A. , Sureda Anna
Published: November 2024

We looked at treatment rates and center density across countries for patients treated in 2022; 46,143 HCTs (19,011 (41.2%) allogeneic, 27,132 (58.8%) autologous) reported by 689 centers. 4329 patients received advanced cellular therapies, 3205 were CAR-T. We found considerable differences in utilization of autologous, allogeneic HCT and more so for CAR-T. Differences in procedure type and for allogeneic HCT in donor use and disease indication are highlighted. For instance, countries with the highest use of unrelated donors per 10 million inhabitants were Germany (297) and the Netherlands (230), for identical sibling HCT it was Israel (148) and Lebanon (113), for haploidentical it was Israel (94) and Italy (94) and for cord blood it was the Netherlands (24) and the United Kingdom (15). We looked at HCT use for specific indications in allogeneic HCT (AML CR1, MDS, MPN and BMF). We correlated treatment rates with GNI and with demographic age structure and show correlations in HCT and CAR-T use and center density, highest in Italy for allogeneic and autologous HCT and in Switzerland for CAR-T. Resource restricted countries tend to concentrate HCT use in a limited number of centers. These data are useful for comparisons across countries.
Seratrodast inhibits ferroptosis by suppressing lipid peroxidation
Authors: Tschuck Juliane , Tonnus Wulf , Gavali Shubhangi , Kolak Andrea , Mallais Melodie , Maremonti Francesca , Sato Mami , Rothenaigner Ina , Friedmann Angeli José Pedro , Pratt Derek A. , Linkermann Andreas , Hadian Kamyar
Published: November 2024

Ferroptosis is a regulated and non-apoptotic form of cell death mediated by iron-dependent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acyl tails in phospholipids. Research of the past years has shed light on the occurrence of ferroptosis in organ injury and degenerative diseases of the brain, kidney, heart, and other tissues. Hence, ferroptosis inhibition may prove therapeutically beneficial to treat distinct diseases. In this study, we explored the ferroptosis-modulating activity of seratrodast, an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor, which is approved in some countries for the treatment of asthma. Interestingly, seratrodast suppressed ferroptosis, but not apoptosis and necroptosis; thus, demonstrating selective anti-ferroptotic activity. While seratrodast itself does not inhibit lipid peroxidation, it exhibits potent radical-trapping antioxidant activity upon reduction to its corresponding hydroquinone form—analogously to ubiquinone and vitamin K. Importantly, seratrodast ameliorated the severity of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Together, this study provides a drug repurposing case, where seratrodast—a marketed drug—can undergo fast-forward preclinical/clinical development for the inhibition of ferroptosis in distinct degenerative diseases.
Systemic tumor regression with synergy therapy: radiotherapy and CAR-T
Authors: Ma Xingyu , Zhang Wei , Zeng Miao , Asavasupreechar Teeranut , Kang Synat , Li Yisheng , Yu Li
Published: November 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most poorly prognostic digestive tract malignancies. CLDN18.2 CAR-T therapy has recently shown promising clinical effects in PDAC. Radiotherapy, a traditional treatment, can induce systemic immune activation and abscopal effects. However, the synergistic effect and mechanism of their combination in PDAC treatment remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a CLDN18.2-specific CAR-T and applied it to unilateral and bilateral mouse tumor models. Our results demonstrated that this synergy therapy not only improved tumor-killing effects in unilateral tumor-bearing mice but also induced regression in both local and distant tumors in bilateral tumor models. Mechanistically, early radiation-induced apoptosis promoted the proliferation of CD8 + T cells, while increased chemokine CCL2 levels from localized and distant tumor sites facilitated CAR-T and endogenous T cell infiltration, leading to systemic tumor suppression. This study proposes a promising approach for treating metastatic pancreatic cancer by combining radiotherapy and CAR-T therapy, elucidating the mechanism of CAR-T cell-enhanced radiotherapy effects ex vivo, and highlighting a novel strategy for combating metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Band anisotropy and effective mass renormalization in strained metallic VO2 (101) thin films
Authors: D’Elia A. , Polewczyk V. , Petrov A. Y. , Vinai G. , Li L. , Zou C. W. , Rezvani S. J. , Marcelli A.
Published: November 2024

We explore how strain impacts the band structure of metallic-phase VO2 thin films deposited on TiO2(101) substrates. Employing a combination of X-ray absorption linear dichroism and valence band measurements, we demonstrate that strain can alter the intrinsic band structure anisotropy of metallic VO2. Our findings reveal that reducing the thickness of VO2 films leads to a more isotropic band structure. This observation is further supported by an analysis of the electronic population redistribution in the

$${d}_{{||}}{-}{\pi }^{* }$$

d

||

−

π

*

bands, which affects the screening length and induces effective mass renormalization. Overall, our results underscore the potential of strain manipulation in tailoring the electronic structure uniformity of thin films, thereby expanding the scope for engineering VO2 functionalities.
Molecular beam epitaxial In2Te3 electronic devices
Authors: Kim Imhwan , Ryu Jinseok , Lee Eunsu , Lee Sangmin , Lee Seokje , Suh Wonwoo , Lee Jamin , Kim Miyoung , Oh Hong seok , Yi Gyu-Chul
Published: November 2024

We report on the electrical characteristics of field-effect transistors (FETs) and Schottky diodes based on In2Te3 grown on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrates utilizing molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A two-step growth method was used to increase surface coverage and large grain sizes for high-quality In2Te3. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging revealed an atomically clean and abrupt interface between the In2Te3 and h-BN substrates. Compared with the previously reported In2Te3 FETs, the MBE-grown In2Te3 FETs exhibited superior electrical properties, including a mobility of 6.07 cm2 V−1 s−1, a subthreshold swing close to 6 V dec−1, and an impressive on/off ratio of approximately 105. Furthermore, the Ti/In2Te3 Schottky diodes exhibit a low saturation current of 0.4 nA, an ideality factor of 26.7, and a Schottky barrier height of 0.68 eV.
A multi-regional human brain atlas of chromatin accessibility and gene expression facilitates promoter-isoform resolution genetic fine-mapping
Authors: Dong Pengfei , Song Liting , Bendl Jaroslav , Misir Ruth , Shao Zhiping , Edelstien Jonathan , Davis David A. , Haroutunian Vahram , Scott William K. , Acker Susanne , Lawless Nathan , Hoffman Gabriel E. , Fullard John F. , Roussos Panos
Published: November 2024

Brain region- and cell-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic features are associated with heritability for neuropsychiatric traits, but a systematic view, considering cortical and subcortical regions, is lacking. Here, we provide an atlas of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles in neuronal and non-neuronal nuclei across 25 distinct human cortical and subcortical brain regions from 6 neurotypical controls. We identified extensive gene expression and chromatin accessibility differences across brain regions, including variation in alternative promoter-isoform usage and enhancer-promoter interactions. Genes with distinct promoter-isoform usage across brain regions were strongly enriched for neuropsychiatric disease risk variants. Moreover, we built enhancer-promoter interactions at promoter-isoform resolution across different brain regions and highlighted the contribution of brain region-specific and promoter-isoform-specific regulation to neuropsychiatric disorders. Including promoter-isoform resolution uncovers additional distal elements implicated in the heritability of diseases, thereby increasing the power to fine-map risk genes. Our results provide a valuable resource for studying molecular regulation across multiple regions of the human brain and underscore the importance of considering isoform information in gene regulation.
Exhaustive search for novel multicomponent alloys with brute force and machine learning
Authors: Zinkovich Viktoriia , Sotskov Vadim , Shapeev Alexander , Podryabinkin Evgeny
Published: November 2024

We present an algorithm for the high-throughput computational discovery of intermetallic compounds in systems with a large number of components. It is particularly important for high entropy alloys (HEAs), where multiple principal elements can form numerous potential intermetallic compounds during the condensation process, making it challenging to predict the dominant phase. Our algorithm is based on a brute-force evaluation of candidate structures with a fixed underlying lattice (FCC or BCC) accelerated by machine-learning interatomic potentials. The algorithm takes a set of chemical elements and a crystal lattice type as inputs and produces structures on and near the convex hull of thermodynamically stable structures. The candidate structures are evaluated using the low-rank potential (LRP), trained to reproduce energies of structures equilibrated with density functional theory (DFT). Thanks to extreme computational effectiveness of the LRP, it is feasible to evaluate hundreds of thousands of structures per second, per CPU core. Thus, our algorithm screens a complete set of candidate structures for a given system without missing any configurations. We validated our method on systems with BCC (Nb-W, Nb-Mo-W, V-Nb-Mo-Ta-W) and FCC (Cu-Pt, Cu-Pd-Pt, Cu-Pd-Ag-Pt-Au) lattices and discovered 268 new alloys not reported in the AFLOW database1, which we used as a benchmark.
Spatial and single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of genetic and sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Miyoshi Emily , Morabito Samuel , Henningfield Caden M. , Das Sudeshna , Rahimzadeh Negin , Shabestari Sepideh Kiani , Michael Neethu , Emerson Nora , Reese Fairlie , Shi Zechuan , Cao Zhenkun , Srinivasan Shushrruth Sai , Scarfone Vanessa M. , Arreola Miguel A. , Lu Jackie , Wright Sierra , Silva Justine , Leavy Kelsey , Lott Ira T. , Doran Eric , Yong William H. , Shahin Saba , Perez-Rosendahl Mari ,   Alzheimer’s Biomarkers Consortium–Down Syndrome (ABC–DS), Head Elizabeth , Green Kim N. , Swarup Vivek
Published: November 2024

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) depends on environmental and heritable factors, with its molecular etiology still unclear. Here we present a spatial transcriptomic (ST) and single-nucleus transcriptomic survey of late-onset sporadic AD and AD in Down syndrome (DSAD). Studying DSAD provides an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the AD transcriptome, potentially bridging the gap between genetic mouse models and sporadic AD. We identified transcriptomic changes that may underlie cortical layer-preferential pathology accumulation. Spatial co-expression network analyses revealed transient and regionally restricted disease processes, including a glial inflammatory program dysregulated in upper cortical layers and implicated in AD genetic risk and amyloid-associated processes. Cell–cell communication analysis further contextualized this gene program in dysregulated signaling networks. Finally, we generated ST data from an amyloid AD mouse model to identify cross-species amyloid-proximal transcriptomic changes with conformational context.
Advancing frontline early pancreatic cancer detection using within-class feature extraction in FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Tang Zheng , Duckworth Edward , Mora Benjamin , Al - Sarireh Bilal , Mortimer Matthew , Roy Debdulal
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel approach for the early detection of pancreatic cancer through biofluid spectroscopy, leveraging a unique machine learning pipeline comprising class-specific principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and support vector machine (SVM) in both real patient and synthetic data. By conducting separate PCA on cancerous and non-cancerous samples and integrating the projections prior to LDA and SVM classification, we demonstrate significantly improved diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional methods. This methodology not only enhances predictive performance but also offers deeper insights into the influence of molecular spectra on model efficacy. Our findings, validated on real patient data, suggest a promising avenue for developing non-invasive, accurate diagnostic tools for early-stage pancreatic cancer detection.
The COVID-19 pandemic and social cognitive outcomes in early childhood
Authors: Scott Rose M. , Nguyentran Gabriel , Sullivan James Z.
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdowns led to sweeping changes in the everyday lives of children and families, including school closures, remote work and learning, and social distancing. To date no study has examined whether these profound changes in young children’s day to day social interactions impacted the development of social cognition skills in early childhood. To address this question, we compared the performance of two cohorts of 3.5- to 5.5-year-old children tested before and after the COVID-19 lockdowns on several measures of false-belief understanding, a critical social cognition skill that undergoes important developments in this age range. Controlling for age and language skills, children tested after the pandemic demonstrated significantly worse false-belief understanding than those tested before the pandemic, and this difference was larger for children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. These results suggest that the pandemic negatively impacted the development of social cognition skills in early childhood, especially for lower SES children.
Impact of fuel sulfur regulations on carbonaceous particle emission from a marine engine
Authors: Bauer Martin , Czech Hendryk , Anders Lukas , Passig Johannes , Etzien Uwe , Bendl Jan , Streibel Thorsten , Adam Thomas W. , Buchholz Bert , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: November 2024

Ship traffic substantially contributes to air pollution, thus affecting climate and human health. Recently introduced regulations by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) on the fuel sulfur content (FSC) caused a shift in marine fuel onsumption from heavy fuel oils (HFO) to diesel-like distillate fuels, but also to alternative hybrid fuels and the operation of sulfur scrubbers. Using multi-wavelength thermal-optical carbon analysis (MW-TOCA), our study provides emission factors (EF) of carbonaceous aerosol particles and link the fuel composition to features observed in the soot microstructure, which may be exploited in online monitoring by single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS). Particulate matter from distillate fuels absorbs stronger light of the visible UV and near-infrared range than HFO. However, Simple Forcing Efficiency (SFE) of absorption weighted by EF of total carbon compensated the effect, leading to a net reduction by >50% when changing form HFO to distillate fuels.
Directed motion of cognitive active agents in a crowded three-way intersection
Authors: Iyer Priyanka , Negi Rajendra Singh , Schadschneider Andreas , Gompper Gerhard
Published: November 2024

Understanding the navigation through semi-dense crowds at intersections poses a significant challenge in pedestrian dynamics, with implications for facility design and insights into emergent collective behavior. To tackle this problem, a system of cognitive active agents at a crowded three-way intersection is studied using Langevin simulations of intelligent active Brownian particles (iABPs) with directed visual perception (resulting in non-reciprocal interactions) and self-steering avoidance—without volume exclusion. We find that the emergent self-organization depends on agent maneuverability, goal fixation, and vision angle, and identify several forms of collective behavior, including localized flocking, jamming and percolation, and self-organized rotational flows. Additionally, we demonstrate that the motion of individual agents can be characterized by fractional Brownian motion and Lévy walk models across different parameter regimes. Moreover, despite the rich variety of collective behavior, the fundamental flow diagram shows a universal curve for different vision angles. Our research highlights the impact of collision avoidance, goal following, and vision angle on the individual and collective dynamics of interacting pedestrians.
A systematic review of healthcare experiences of women and men living with coronary heart disease
Authors: Brown Helen , Lucas James J. , Gauci Sarah , Brown Courtney , Brumby Susan , Felmingham Tiana , Lee Crystal M. Y. , Randall Sean , Mnatzaganian George , Robinson Suzanne , Gao Lan , Boyd James , O’Neil Adrienne , Xu Dan , Richards Kieva , Lee Ling , Huxley Rachel R.
Published: November 2024

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for people worldwide, yet differences in the likelihood of receiving optimal care occur depend on gender. This study therefore aimed to explore the healthcare experiences of men and women living with CHD. A systematic search of qualitative research was undertaken, following PRISMA guidelines. Forty-three studies were included for review, involving 1512 people (62% women, 38% men; 0% non-binary or gender diverse). Thematic synthesis of the data identified four themes: (1) assumptions about CHD; (2) gender assigned roles; (3) interactions with health care; and (4) return to ‘normal’ life. A multilevel approach across the entire ecosystem of healthcare is required to improve equity in care experienced by people living with CHD. This will involve challenging both the individuals’ knowledge of CHD and awareness of health professionals to entrenched gender bias in the health system that predominantly favours men.
STING induces HOIP-mediated synthesis of M1 ubiquitin chains to stimulate NF-κB signaling
Authors: Fischer Tara D , Bunker Eric N , Zhu Peng-Peng , Le Guerroué François , Hadjian Mahan , Dominguez-Martin Eunice , Scavone Francesco , Cohen Robert , Yao Tingting , Wang Yan , Werner Achim , Youle Richard J
Published: November 2024

STING activation by cyclic dinucleotides induces IRF3- and NF-κB-mediated gene expression in mammals, as well as lipidation of LC3B at Golgi-related membranes. While mechanisms of the IRF3 response are well understood, the mechanisms of NF-κB activation via STING remain unclear. We report here that STING activation induces linear/M1-linked ubiquitin chain (M1-Ub) formation and recruitment of the LUBAC E3 ligase, HOIP, to LC3B-associated Golgi membranes where ubiquitin is also localized. Loss of HOIP prevents formation of M1-Ub chains and reduces STING-induced NF-κB and IRF3 signaling in human THP1 monocytes and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, without affecting STING activation. STING-induced LC3B lipidation is not required for M1-Ub chain formation or for immune-related gene expression, but the recently reported STING function in neutralizing Golgi pH may be involved. Thus, LUBAC synthesis of M1-linked ubiquitin chains mediates STING-induced innate immune signaling.
The DNA demethylase TET1 modifies the impact of maternal folic acid status on embryonic brain development
Authors: Chen Lehua , van der Veer Bernard K , Chen Qiuying , Champeris Tsaniras Spyridon , Brangers Wannes , Kwak Harm H M , Khoueiry Rita , Lei Yunping , Cabrera Robert , Gross Steven S , Finnell Richard H , Koh Kian Peng
Published: November 2024

Folic acid (FA) is well known to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs), but we do not know why many human NTD cases still remain refractory to FA supplementation. Here, we investigate how the DNA demethylase TET1 interacts with maternal FA status to regulate mouse embryonic brain development. We determined that cranial NTDs display higher penetrance in non-inbred than in inbred Tet1−/− embryos and are resistant to FA supplementation across strains. Maternal diets that are either too rich or deficient in FA are linked to an increased incidence of cranial deformities in wild type and Tet1+/− offspring and to altered DNA hypermethylation in Tet1−/− embryos, primarily at neurodevelopmental loci. Excess FA in Tet1−/− embryos results in phospholipid metabolite loss and reduced expression of multiple membrane solute carriers, including a FA transporter gene that exhibits increased promoter DNA methylation and thereby mimics FA deficiency. Moreover, FA deficiency reveals that Tet1 haploinsufficiency can contribute to DNA hypermethylation and susceptibility to NTDs. Overall, our study suggests that epigenetic dysregulation may underlie NTD development despite FA supplementation.
Colorimetric aptasensors for sensitive low-density lipoprotein detection based on reduced oxide graphene@molybdenum disulfide-ferrocene nanosheets with peroxidase-like activity
Authors: Li Guiyin , Yu Tingting , Li Haimei , Wan Bingbing , Tan Xiaohong , Zhou Xueqing , Liang Jintao , Zhou Zhide
Published: November 2024

A sandwich-type colorimetric aptasensor for detection LDL based on the peroxidase-like activity of rGO@MoS2-Fc nanosheets and LDL aptamer. The proposed sensor could detect LDL with ultra-high sensitivity and good selectivity over a wide range.
Interstitial and substitutional doping of Mn2+ in 2D PEA2PbBr4 and BA2PbBr4 perovskites
Authors: Kuruppu Udara M. , Magdaleno Alvaro J. , Kshirsagar Anuraj S. , Donnadieu Bruno , Prins Ferry , Gangishetty Mahesh K.
Published: November 2024

Mn2+ doping imposes intriguing optoelectronic properties on lead-halide perovskites; however, its impact on their crystal structure remains unclear.
Gold-catalyzed hydrofluorination of terminal alkynes using potassium bifluoride (KHF2)
Authors: Pronovost Raphaël , Rion Mathis , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Nolan Steven P. , Paquin Jean-François
Published: November 2024

A gold-catalyzed hydrofluorination of terminal alkynes using potassium bifluoride (KHF2) as a cheaper, safer, and water-free fluoride source, is reported.
The coordination chemistry of p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene with transition and lanthanide metal ions
Authors: Chakraborty Abhijnan , Wilson Lucinda R. B. , Dalgarno Scott J. , Brechin Euan K.
Published: November 2024

Thirty-nine p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene-supported 3d/4f metal complexes with nuclearities of one to eighteen (shown) are reviewed. Common structural themes are used to identify knowledge gaps to direct future synthetic efforts with this versatile ligand.
Variations in crystals of flufenamic acid of its methyl and tert-butyl analogues as impurities as determined by partial dissolutions
Authors: Bourke Timothy , Chiarella Renato A. , Moynihan Humphrey A.
Published: November 2024

Partial dissolution of samples of flufenamic acid crystals in conjunction with analysis by HPLC allows evaluation of the variation in levels of structurally related impurities.
Two-step spin transition around room temperature in a FeIII complex
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Li Mengtao , Yang Qianqian , Zhang Baoliang , Tang Jinkui
Published: November 2024

Iron(iii) complexes showing one-step SCO that turns to two-step after desolvation was constructed from a substituted Hqsal ligand containing hydrogen donors, facilitating the regulation of SCO through interactions with solvent and counter anion.
Non-fused core-linked star-shaped oligomer acceptors for stable binary organic solar cells with over 19% efficiency
Authors: Sun Cheng , Wang Jianxiao , Bi Fuzhen , Jiang Huanxiang , Yang Chunming , Li Yonghai , Chu Junhao , Bao Xichang
Published: November 2024

Non-fused core with non-covalent interactions refines the film-forming kinetics of star-shaped oligomer acceptors for achieving long-term stable solar cells with 19.27% efficiency.
Correction: Spins at work: probing charging and discharging of organic radical batteries by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Kulikov Ilia , Panjwani Naitik A. , Vereshchagin Anatoliy A. , Spallek Domenik , Lukyanov Daniil A. , Alekseeva Elena V. , Levin Oleg V. , Behrends Jan
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Spins at work: probing charging and discharging of organic radical batteries by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy’ by Ilia Kulikov et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, 15, 3275–3290, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EE01149B.
Emerging investigator series: CeO2/CuO nanostructured composite with enhanced antimicrobial properties and low cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Vihodceva Svetlana , Šutka Andris , Iesalnieks Mairis , Orlova Liga , Pludonis Arturs , Otsus Maarja , Sihtmäe Mariliis , Vija Heiki , Nefedova Alexandra , Ivask Angela , Kahru Anne , Kasemets Kaja
Published: November 2024

CeO2/CuO primary antimicrobial mechanism was high ROS production, resulting in faster and stronger activity than CuO. It showed low cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes in vitro and no acute toxicity to the bacterium Vibrio fischeri.
Facet-dependent hematite reactivity in Cr(vi) removal with Fe(ii)
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , Li Lingyi , Li Junxue , Cheng Wei
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the facet-dependent reactivity of hematite nanocrystals in conjunction with Fe(ii) for the removal of Cr(vi) from aqueous solutions.
Electrochemical ozone production: from fundamental mechanisms to advanced applications
Authors: Liu Jia , Peng Xiaoge , Wang Xiaosa , Zhong Xing , Wang Jianguo
Published: November 2024

This work explores the mechanism of electrochemical ozone production (EOP), focusing on electrocatalyst development, standardized testing, EOP electrolyzer design and application. By addressing challenges and summarizing progress, it aims to promote practical EOP application in diverse fields.
Mapping the critical factors of IoT implementation in the food industry
Authors: Dave Harsh , Ahmad Saniyah , Panghal Anupama , Mor Rahul S
Published: November 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionising the food industry by enhancing efficiency, safety, and sustainability, while food businesses have observed a slow adoption of IoT.
Comparative analysis of barley dietary fiber fermented with and without Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy-1 in promoting gut health and regulating hepatic energy metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Zhu Ying , Ba Kai , Li Xiaodong , He Yufeng , Zhang Yanshun , Ai Lianzhong , Zhang Jiayan , Zhao Yansheng , Xiao Xiang
Published: November 2024

FBDF exhibited better effects on improving the gut microbiota composition, specifically enhancing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and upregulating the expression of energy metabolism related genes than RBDF in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.
Recycled silicon solar cell-derived nanostructured p-black silicon device for high performance NO2 gas sensor applications
Authors: Aleem Mahaboobbatcha , Vishnuraj Ramakrishnan , Pullithadathil Biji
Published: November 2024

This investigation presents a novel approach towards sensing NO2 gas by utilizing partially recycled silicon solar cells by employing a metal-assisted etching process to fabricate a high-performance p-black-silicon based sensor device.
Incarcerating bismuth nanoparticles into a thiol-laced metal–organic framework for electro and photocatalysis
Authors: Borah Parijat , McLeod Natalie , Gupta Nipun Kumar , Yeo Reuben J. , Ghosh Tanmay , Aabdin Zainul , Li Lidao , Bhatt Prajna , Liu Yuhan , Palgrave Robert , Lim Yee-Fun , Xu Zhengtao , Handoko Albertus Denny
Published: November 2024

A hard and soft acid and base theory guided “ship-in-a-bottle” strategy to incorporate bismuth nanoparticles inside a thiol-rich MOF unlocking dual catalytic activities.
Competing technologies: determining the geographical origin of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) using laboratory based near-infrared spectroscopy compared to a simple portable device
Authors: Brockelt Johannes , Schmauder Felix , Brettschneider Kim , Creydt Marina , Seifert Stephan , Fischer Markus
Published: November 2024

The differentiation of strawberries from four different countries of origin using a table-top and a hand-held NIR device is shown and a performance comparison is made by interpreting spectra and applying chemometric methods.
Interaction of Langmuir–Blodgett films of Mn12 single molecule magnets with superconducting micro-tracks and nano-SQUIDs
Authors: Das Bibekananda , Senapati Tapas , Sahoo Malaya K. , Behera Jogendra N. , Senapati Kartik
Published: November 2024

Enhanced vortex pinning in superconducting Nb micro-tracks by single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and detection of magnetization tunneling in SMMs using Nb nano-SQUIDs.
Modulating hot carrier relaxation and trapping dynamics in lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets by surface passivation
Authors: Zhu Yanshen , Luo Shida , Zhang Yuting , Liu Yanping , He Yulu , Li Tianfeng , Chi Zhen , Guo Lijun
Published: November 2024

Hot carriers generated in two-layer (2L) CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) can be directly trapped by surface defects before they relax to the band edge, which accounts for the absence of the hot-phonon bottleneck effect in 2L CsPbBr3 NPLs.
Precursor engineering towards orange- and red-emissive carbon dots for LEDs with tunable emission colors
Authors: Sun Jiaxin , Xu Wenjie , Liu Yixiang , Sun Bin , Xiong Jie , Lian Yongfu , Lou Yanhui , Feng Lai
Published: November 2024

Two benzenoid acids are used as precursors to synthesize CDs with different emissions and electroluminescences. This work provides a typical example that reveals the precursor-dependent structural and optical/optoelectronic diversity of CDs.
Synergistic role of Cl− and Br− ions in growth control and mechanistic insights of high aspect ratio silver nanowires for flexible transparent conductive films
Authors: Xu Jia-Lei , Shi Rui-Dong , Zhou Hai-ping , Xiang Guo-Tao , Zhou Zi-Dong , Hu Yong-Da , Chen Jin-Ju
Published: November 2024

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with high aspect ratios are pivotal for the production of flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs).
Disclosing the contribution of vacancy defects to thermal transport at a liquid-Al/graphene adhesion interface
Authors: Ding Yusong , Lian Fangming , Tao Yi , Cheng Hao , Dong Yun
Published: November 2024

The intrinsic mechanism of adhesion force evolution and energy heat transport under different vacancy defects and temperature at the liquid-Al/graphene interface is revealed through interfacial thermal conductance and phonon participation rate.
Tuning mucoadhesion and mucopenetration in self-assembled poly(lactic acid)-block-poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) block copolymer nanoparticles by controlling side-chain lengths
Authors: Dave Ridhdhi , Mofford Jon , Hicks Emily Anne , Singh Andrew , Sheardown Heather , Hoare Todd
Published: November 2024

Poly(lactic acid)-co-poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) nanoparticles enable precise control of mucoadhesion and mucopenetration at mucosal interfaces by varying the PEG side chain length, representing a versatile strategy for optimizing nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems.
Correction: Cytomembrane-mimicking nanocarriers with a scaffold consisting of a CD44-targeted endogenous component for effective asparaginase supramolecule delivery
Authors: Huang Yongjia , Gu Jing , Yan Zijun , Hu Xueyuan , He Dan , Zhang Yonghong , Li Yao , Zhong Cailing , Yang Jie , Shi Da , Abagyan Ruben , Tan Qunyou , Zhang Jingqing
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Cytomembrane-mimicking nanocarriers with a scaffold consisting of a CD44-targeted endogenous component for effective asparaginase supramolecule delivery’ by Yongjia Huang et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 12083–12097, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR02588G.
Systematic antimicrobial, biofilm, free radical inhibition and tyrosinase inhibition assessments of efficient green silver nanoparticles from the aqueous root extract of Cyphostemma adenocaule (CA)
Authors: Kaliappan Kamalakkannan , Nagarajan Pradeep , Jayabalan Jayaprakash , Pushparaj Hemalatha , Elumalai Selvaraja , Paramanathan Baranidharan , Manickam Vijayabaskaran , Jang Huyn Tae , Mani Ganesh
Published: November 2024

Silver nanoparticles can produce remarkable effects; they are a promising material for tackling microbial resistance, melanin pigmentation, and much more.
Controlling thiyl radical polymerization via in situ desulfurization
Authors: Hu Huajuan , Yi Ping , He Jiayang , Cao Derong , Huang Hanchu
Published: November 2024

A strategy that tailors propagating species in situ using trivalent phosphorus enables thiyl radical polymerizations to be controlled by the RAFT agent, thereby facilitating the production of polymers with well-defined architectures.
Efficient synthesis of trisubstituted allenes via palladium-catalysed deaminative coupling of tertiary propargylamines with arylsiloxanes
Authors: Liao Mingjie , Yi Ziqi , You Qingqing , Liu Chuang , Feng Huangdi , Huang Junhai
Published: November 2024

Highly regioselective and efficient synthesis of trisubstituted allenes with palladium catalysts via deaminative coupling reaction among tertiary propargylamines and arylsiloxanes which were activated in situ using Et3N·3HF has been developed.
Establishment of a Raman microsphere-based immunochromatographic method for the combined detection of influenza A and B viruses and SARS-CoV-2 antigen on a single T-line
Authors: Zhu Aolin , Zhao Binbin , Li Jiutong , Li Xinxia , Shi Qian , Zhang Xin , Lu Dongmei , Yan Dong
Published: November 2024

A simple and rapid method based on Raman microsphere immunochromatography was developed in this study for the simultaneous detection of influenza A and B viruses and SARS-CoV-2 on a single test T-line.
Modulating the crystal phase of Zr-based solid acid catalysts to boost the synthesis of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene
Authors: Li Jingjie , Wang Lin , Pu Yanfeng , Liu Yong , Li Xiying , Sun Renren , Xiao Yahui
Published: November 2024

The crystal phase of Zr-based solid acid was tailored by two-step precipitation for strongly bonding with sulfate groups. The tetragonal ZrO2 was coordinated with sulfate groups to enhance its acidity and thus boosted BHPF synthesis.
Usage of CoOOH electrodes in a flow channel reactor for the non-alkaline oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furfural: an upscaling study
Authors: Gey Marten Niklas , Schneider Carl , Schröder Uwe
Published: November 2024

This study demonstrates the transfer of the electrochemical oxidation of the biomass-based platform chemical HMF to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid at mildly acidic pH from a three-electrode batch cell to a two-electrode flow cell system.
Cooperative photoredox and N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed formal C–H acylation of cyclopropanes via a deconstruction–reconstruction strategy
Authors: Gao Fan , Wang Tian , Yan Xiaoyu
Published: November 2024

Cooperative NHC/photoredox catalyzed deconstruction–reconstruction of aryl cyclopropanes was described to access various α-acylated cyclopropane derivatives.
Solventless polyester synthesis using a recyclable biocatalyst magnetic nanoarchitecture
Authors: Papatola Francesco , Slimani Sawssen , Fabbri Filippo , Guebitz Georg M. , Peddis Davide , Pellis Alessandro
Published: November 2024

The present study proposes enzymatic polymerization reactions to synthesize polyesters employing lipase (CaLB) covalently immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles (i.e., Biocatalyst Magnetic Nanoarchitecture).
Magnetically induced stress birefringence in stimuli-responsive hydrogels
Authors: Arranz M. A. , Andreu C. M. , Román J. , Vázquez E.
Published: November 2024

We report the appearance of stress birefringence induced by an external magnetic field in stimuli-responsive hydrogels containing magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4).
Tunable valley polarization and magnetic anisotropy by polarization reversal in a Ni2Cl3I3/AgBiP2S6 heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Xu , Chen Bo , Zhou Baozeng , Wang Xiaocha
Published: November 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) Janus trihalides have great potential applications in spintronics.
Monitoring wind and particle concentrations near freshwater and marine harmful algal blooms (HABs)
Authors: Bilyeu Landon , González-Rocha Javier , Hanlon Regina , AlAmiri Noora , Foroutan Hosein , Alading Kun , Ross Shane D. , Schmale David G.
Published: November 2024

Ground-based sensors were used to study HAB-associated particles in the atmosphere, and a drone was used to measure vertical profiles of wind.