bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Histological Profiling Reveals an Innate-Shaped Immune Microenvironment in Solitary Juvenile Polyps
Authors: Zysset Daniel , Montani Matteo , Spalinger Johannes , Schibli Susanne , Zlobec Inti , Mueller Christoph , Sokollik Christiane
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Solitary juvenile polyps (JP) are characterized by a benign disease course with low recurrence rate but present with signs of intestinal inflammation. To better understand the underlying pathogenesis, we performed histological and molecular evaluation targeting distinct immune mechanisms.

METHODS:

Pediatric patients with JP (n = 12), with treatment-naïve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; [n = 41]) as inflammatory control, and non-IBD controls (n = 14) were investigated. For a comparative analysis of infiltrating immune cells, a next-generation tissue microarray of biopsies was assembled, immunostained, and scored. Targeted transcriptional profiling was performed using a customized immunology panel.

RESULTS:

In JP, a predominant accumulation of neutrophils and eosinophils was observed. RNA expression profiles revealed increased levels of CXCL8, CXCL5, and CCL11 transcripts in JP, indicating an enhanced recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils. Moreover, messenger RNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL1b and the inflammation-amplifying receptor TREM1 were higher in JP, whereas we could not find signs of a functionally polarized Tcell response in JP when compared with IBD.

DISCUSSION:

Patients with JP and patients with treatment-naïve IBD have distinct cell infiltrates during active disease. The ample presence of eosinophils in JP supports neutrophil accumulation, which is responsible for the elevated release of calprotectin. Intriguingly, however, we were not able to identify a functionally polarized T-cell response in JP, which indicates that during the acute onset of inflammation in JP, a potent adaptive immune memory is not established. This may explain the low reoccurrence rate of JP.

JOURNAL/cltg/04.03/01720094-202106000-00004/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T172508Z/r/image-tiff
Correlation of LINE-1 Hypomethylation With Size and Pathologic Extent of Dysplasia in Colorectal Tubular Adenomas
Authors: Jiang Alice C. , Buckingham Lela , Bishehsari Faraz , Sutherland Stephanie , Ma Karen , Melson Joshua E.
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Conventional adenomas (tubular adenoma [TA] or tubulovillous adenoma) and sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) are neoplastic precancerous lesions frequently detected in patients undergoing average risk screening colonoscopy and polyp surveillance. Metachronous risk stratification of adenomas is currently limited to histologic features and size of polyps. We report long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) methylation levels in SSL in comparison to TA and the impact of TA size and presence of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) on LINE-1 methylation.

METHODS:

LINE-1 methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing of bisulfite-converted DNA. We compared LINE-1 methylation between TA and SSL, among varying sizes of TA, and between TA with HGD and low-grade dysplasia (LGD).

RESULTS:

LINE-1 methylation declined with increasing polyp size in TA when comparing those <5 mm (72.31 ± 6.11), 5 to <10 mm (67.50 ± 7.00), and ≥10 mm (66.75 ± 11.89). There were lower LINE-1 methylation levels in TA with LGD (n = 119) compared with SSLs (n = 29) (69.11 ± 8.62 vs 81.41 ± 2.43, P < 0.001). TA containing HGD (n = 26) had lower LINE-1 methylation levels than those with LGD (n = 119) (59.86 ± 7.93 vs 69.11 ± 8.62, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

HGD and increasing size of TA/tubulovillous adenoma were associated with lower LINE-1 methylation. This supports a hypothesis that LINE-1 hypomethylation in TAs indicates advancement along the CRC tumorigenesis pathway. Lower LINE-1 methylation and greater variance of global DNA methylation was seen in TA compared with SSL. LINE-1 methylation in adenomas correlates with polyp size and degree of dysplasia and deserves further study as a predictor of metachronous colorectal cancer risk.
‘A new power structure will be built from the grassroots’: The challenge of radical democracy in Allende’s Chile
Authors: Schlotterbeck Marian
Published: June 2021

Chilean history in the twentieth century poses a number of unresolved questions about the limits of liberal capitalist democracy to effectively include the interests of non-elite sectors. The origins of the contemporary crisis for Chile’s political elites – as well as of neoliberalism more broadly – can be found in the chasm between political parties and their social bases. The parallels faced by Chilean activists and protestors in 2019 invite a closer look at the possibilities for and restraints on popular sector participation during Chile’s experiment with democratic socialism. As an act of radical democracy, the 1972 People’s Assembly in Concepción represented a vital attempt to create new mechanisms for citizen participation within an unfolding revolutionary process. Today, as Chileans grapple with how to construct an alternative to neoliberal democracy, past historical experiments in radical democracy and building grassroots movements can offer important lessons for the present.
The presence of left-wing militant women within projects of poder popular during the Popular Unity years in Concepción and Santiago de Chile, 1970–3
Authors: Inostroza Retamal Gina
Published: June 2021

This article analyses, from a gender perspective, the socio-political experiences of eight former left-wing militant women in processes linked to so-called poder popular (popular power). It does so with a focus on poblaciones (shantytowns) and trade unions in Concepción and Santiago between 1970 and 1973. Methodologically, it takes a qualitative approach, contrasting oral history interviews with primary sources. The process of political socialisation in childhood and adolescence influenced women when it came to joining political parties on both the ‘traditional left’ and the ‘revolutionary left’. At the start of the 1970s, these militants participated in grassroots organisations, such as juntas de abastecimiento y precios (supply and price control boards, JAPs), shantytowns, centros de madre (mothers’ centres) and unions, among others. This meant that their practices as party militants had a high degree of continuity with lived social experiences from their youth. The main difference was that as party militants they moved through more politicised spaces and gained access to political training and, in some cases, took on leadership roles within social organisations. Indeed, one woman became a communal – and later, parliamentary – representative. The skills acquired and their experiences during the Popular Unity (UP) period shaped their life trajectories, and consequently, these women have promoted an intergenerational transfer of socio-political practices in new, contemporary Chilean, scenarios.
What Is Happening in the United States?
Authors: Navarro Vicente
Published: June 2021

In order to understand what is happening in the United States, in the aftermath of the presidential election, one needs to comprehend the distribution of power in the country.
5G Connected Autonomous Vehicle Acceptance: The Mediating Effect of Trust in the Technology Acceptance Model
Authors:   Faculty of Business and Management, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chan Wai Mun , Lee Jason Wai Chow ,   Faculty of Business and Management, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence the behavioural intention towards 5G connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) adoption and to examine the mediating effect of trust between the factors and public acceptance. This research has adopted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. To test the hypotheses, 211 participants in Malaysia were surveyed through an online questionnaire. The results were tested using PLS-SEM. The research model was able to explain about 69% of the variability in technology acceptance. The results show that perceived compatibility and personal innovativeness significantly influence behavioural intention. Trust was found to mediate the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and social influence with behavioural intention to adopt 5G CAV. This paper will help the automobile industry and policymakers to accelerate the development of 5G CAV technology by anticipating the level of acceptance.
Lekcje (polskiego) z wielokulturowości. Praca z serią „Wojny dorosłych – historie dzieci” w szkole podstawowej na wybranych przykładach
Authors: Wawer Karolina
Published: June 2021

Artykuł podejmuje temat wielokulturowości, rzadko obecny na lekcjach języka polskiego w szkole podstawowej. Autorka dokonuje przeglądu i charakterystyki serii wydawniczej  Wojny dorosłych – historie dzieci, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem książek, które podejmują temat kryzysu migracyjnego. W części poświęconej praktyce polonistycznej omówione zostały szczegółowo dwa cykle lekcji zaplanowane i przeprowadzone wokół książek Która to Malala? Renaty Piątkowskiej oraz Teraz tu jest nasz dom Barbary Gawryluk. Opisano konkretne, sprawdzone w praktyce działania dydaktyczne wraz z ich celami i funkcją edukacyjną.
Fałszerze pieprzu Moniki Sznajderman w roli lektury uzupełniającej, czyli jeszcze jedna odsłona prawdy o XX wieku
Authors: Kania Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Wiedza o relacjach polsko-żydowskich, zwłaszcza w czasie II wojny światowej i Zagłady, jest w polskim społeczeństwie wciąż niewystarczająca i obarczona wieloma stereotypami. Edukacja polonistyczna w obowiązkowym wymiarze nie pozwala na podjęcie tego trudnego tematu, dlatego w liceum warto uczynić lekturą uzupełniającą książkę Moniki Sznajderman Fałszerze pieprzu. Historia rodzinna, opowieść o pamięci i tożsamości. Jej omówienie powinno zostać starannie przemyślane, a uczniowie powinni być przygotowani do odbioru. Metodą w zaproponowanych działaniach dydaktycznych jest przede wszystkim myślenie krytyczne. Tak zinterpretowany utwór daje szansę na wykształcenie w młodych ludziach postawy dystansu wobec narodowych mitów dotyczących relacji polsko-żydowskich i przygotowanie ich do świadomego uczestnictwa w życiu społecznym i kulturalnym.
Sprawozdanie z seminarium i panelu dyskusyjnego
Authors: Sieradzki Marcin , Bakunowicz Gabriela , Białek Kinga
Published: June 2021

-
Przy sublokatorskim oknie. O Oknie na tamtą stronę Władysława Szlengla
Authors: Kilanowski Piotr
Published: June 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przypomnienie postaci polsko-żydowskiego poety getta warszawskiego, Władysława Szlengla, i ukazanie jego złożonej tożsamości. Rozważając problem marginalnej obecności poety w kanonie kultury polskiej, podejmuję próbę ponownego odczytania jego wiersza Okno na tamtą stronę, sytuując go w kontekście wpływów romantycznych i innych współczesnych mu tekstów. Celem tej lektury jest pełniejsze zrozumienie tożsamości Szlengla jako reprezentanta polsko-żydowskiej inteligencji, jednego z pokolenia żydowskich Kolumbów boleśnie odczuwających swą marginalizację i odrzucenie w kulturze, którą uznawali za swoją. Ową samoświadomość, za Hanną Krall, określam mianem sublokatorskiej.
Motyw szycia i haftu w najnowszej polskiej literaturze dla dzieci dotyczącej Zagłady
Authors: Kwiatkowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Motyw nici i powiązanych z nimi czynności tkania, przędzenia, szycia jest niezwykle istotny w kulturze żydowskiej. Odgrywa też ważną rolę w najnowszej polskiej literaturze dla dzieci poświęconej tematowi Zagłady. Żydówki dziergające na drutach przypominają antyczne Parki, nić często jest symbolem więzi łączącej bohaterów, wskazuje drogę ucieczki i stanowi materię, którą można przemieniać powtarzając stwórczy gest Boga. Przede wszystkim jest metaforą pamięci – opowieścią o przeszłości, która wprowadza swój wątek do zbiorowej świadomości.
Do informal groups threaten organizations? Comparing group conflict management styles with supervisors
Authors: Alshammri Shaysh Nazzal
Published: June 2021

This research aims to identify the role played by informal groups in organizational conflict. The existing literature mainly focuses on the effects of informal groups on the behaviors of employees, such as resisting management and disobeying instructions. However, studies that specifically measure how informal groups affect the behaviors of their members in handling conflicts with supervisors are lacking. This research uses quantitative methodology. Data were collected using the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II survey. The participants were 316 workers in various American organizations. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the two-samples z-test. The results show that employees who belong to informal groups use the dominating style more frequently than do employees who do not belong to informal groups. However, they do not always use dominating styles; occasionally, they tend to use compromising and integrating styles as well. Age has a significant impact on the relationship between informal groups and integrating and dominating styles. There is also a relationship between gender and avoiding style among employees who belong to informal groups. However, there is no preference for a certain conflict style among the three types of informal groups. The results have implications for management science, including human resources and organizational behavior. However, the research applications may be limited for employees in collectivist societies that are different from American (an individualistic society). The relationship between informal groups and conflict style with supervisors has not been studied before. Thus, this research focuses on not only the five conflict styles but also the influence of demographic variables to comprehensively understand this relationship.
Finns det kvinnliga astronauter?
Authors: Mossberg Mari
Published: June 2021

Are There Any Female Astronauts? On Gender-Inclusive Translation of Non-Fiction Books for Children

This article deals with gender-inclusive translation of information books for children. Translation solutions drawn from three non-fiction books translated from French to Swedish by different translators are discussed in terms of gender neutrality and inclusion. Analysis reveals that, although the Swedish translations are comparatively free in relation to the original texts, the translators differ in their tendency to make use of gender-inclusive translation strategies, such as employing gender-neutral occupational terms, avoiding masculine generic forms, reformulating gender-biased passages, representing parenthood as more equal and making women visible in the translation by the explicit mention of female experiences and characters. While emphasizing the importance of being attentive to gender issues in information books for young children, it is argued that gender-neutralising interventions can be made in translations of this text type without putting the overall purpose of the book at risk.
Everolimus-induced effector mechanism in macrophages and survivability of Erdman, CDC1551 and HN878 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Cao Ruoqiong , To Kimberly , Kachour Nala , Beever Abrianna , Owens James , Sathananthan Airani , Singh Pooja , Kolloli Afsal , Subbian Selvakumar , Venketaraman Vishwanath
Published: June 2021

With a disease as widespread and destructive as tuberculosis, more effective drugs and healthcare strategies, in addition to the current antibiotics regimen, are crucial for the enhanced well-being of millions of people suffering from the disease. Host-directed therapy is a new and emerging concept in treating chronic infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis. Repurposing of anti-cancer drugs, such as everolimus, may be an effective way to supplement the standard antibiotic treatment. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are increasingly susceptible to co-morbidities and co-infections including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. We demonstrated in this study that in vitro everolimus treatment of granulomas from individuals with type 2 diabetes caused significant reduction in the viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Further investigations revealed the effects of everolimus in targeting foamy macrophages, a macrophage phenotype that forms around granulomas, and is characterized by a higher lipid accumulation inside the cells. These foamy macrophages are thought to harbor dormant bacilli, which are potential sources of disease reactivation. Therefore, blocking foamy macrophage formation would help better killing of intracellular bacteria. Here, we report the potential of everolimus treatment to downregulate lipid content within the foamy macrophages of in vitro granulomas, thus leading to a potential decrease in the number of foamy macrophages and a more robust response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Design and implementation of microstrip array antenna for intelligent transportation systems application
Authors: Singh Arun Kumar , Kumar Arun , Sur Samarendra Nath , Bera Rabindranath , Maji Bansibadan
Published: June 2021

This article proposes a design and implementation of array Microstrip Patch antenna of configuration 2 × 2 at an operating frequency of 3.5 GHz. The proposed design takes a dimension of 80 mm × 92 mm × 1.6 mm with four radiating elements arranged in rectangular form with an optimized separation between the patches. All the radiating elements were connected through a corporate series network with an inset feed to have better impedance matching. The model gives an efficiency of 90.99% with a bandwidth of 510 MHz and with fractal configuration, the bandwidth further enhances to 1.12 GHz. The maximum gain measured was found as 11.01 dBi at θ = 10° and ɸ = 360° and 10.45 dBi with fractal configuration. The designed antenna is proposed to be used in RADAR which will be used in the intelligent transportation system for the detection of nearby (short-range) vehicles in the blind zone. This kind of Radar also finds its application in collision avoidance and activating airbags/break boosting and thus helping mankind by saving lives. The article gives an idea of the use of an array antenna in intelligent transportation system for better gain and efficient results.
An ultra-wideband rectangular ring dielectric resonator antenna integrated with hybrid shaped patch for wireless applications
Authors: Vasisht Parikshit , Mark Robert , Chattoraj Neela
Published: June 2021

A new wideband omni-directional compact rectangular ring dielectric resonator antenna (RRDRA) fused with slotted bevel shaped patch antenna is presented for the ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The RRDR (rectangular ring dielectric resonator) is employed to generate lower order radiating modes with merge with the modes of patch to obtain high impedance bandwidth in UWB region. Further, RRDR use led to reduction in overall conductor loss to achieve high radiation efficiency. The proposed RRDRA structure achieved an impedance bandwidth covering the frequency range from 2.6–15.6 GHz, or ∼142%. The measured results show that the proposed DRA provides peak measured gain of 6.2 dBi and radiation efficiency of 90% at resonant frequency 6.3 GHz with stable omni-directional monopole like radiation patterns with low cross-polarization. The proposed antenna has a short ground plane of size 40 × 40 × 11.6 mm3 or ∼0.34λ
0 × 0.34λ
0 × 0.10λ
0 at 2.6 GHz.
Antike und moderne Propaganda
Authors: Meister Jan B.
Published: June 2021

Die Propaganda des faschistischen Italiens setzte die Antike prominent in Szene. Diese Instrumentalisierung der Antike in moderner Propaganda hatte sehr konkrete Rückwirkungen auf das Bild, das man sich von der Antike machte. Teilweise direkt unter dem Eindruck faschistischer Propaganda begannen damals Altertumswissenschaftler, moderne Propaganda in der Antike zu erkennen: Antiken Texten und Monumenten wurde nun eine ganz andere Wirkungskraft und -absicht zugeschrieben als noch in den Jahrzehnten zuvor. Die zeitbedingten Anachronismen sind offenkundig, doch die faschistische Inszenierung der Antike offenbarte eine Wirkungsmöglichkeit antiker Monumente, die man so vorher nicht gesehen hatte und die nicht per se ‚falsch‘ ist. Dass dabei die römische Kaiserzeit im Vordergrund stand, ist bezeichnend: Die auffallende Omnipräsenz von Bildern, der Fokus der Repräsentation auf städtische Räume und die besonders ausgeprägte Zuspitzung dieser Repräsentation auf die Person des Herrschers ließen die römische Kaiserzeit innerhalb der Vormoderne für moderne Anachronismen besonders anschlussfähig erscheinen. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der modernen Übertragung des Propagandabegriffs auf die Antike zielt daher nicht bloß auf eine Offenlegung von Anachronismen, sondern kann als heuristisches Instrument den Blick für die Besonderheit der Antike innerhalb der Vormoderne schärfen.
Linguistic occupation segregation along the U.S.–Mexico border: using the index of dissimilarity to measure inequality in employment among monolingual speakers and Spanish–English bilinguals
Authors: Morales Maria Cristina
Published: June 2021

The U.S.–Mexico border is a Latina/o concentrated region and Spanish–English bilingual society. While there are some indications of an economic advantage associated with Spanish–English bilingualism in regions with over-representations of Spanish-origin speakers, the degree of occupational linguistic segregation in such ethno-linguistic context is unknown. Based on data from the American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) for 2018, this study calculates the occupational dissimilarity index (D) among monolingual-Spanish speakers, Spanish–English bilinguals, and monolingual-English speakers for cities located along the Texas–Mexico border and in the Houston metropolis. Findings show that the highest occupational segregation is found between monolingual-Spanish speakers and both monolingual-English and Spanish–English bilinguals. This indicates that the monolingual-Spanish workforce is occupationally segregated from those with fluent command of English. The lowest occupation dissimilarity indices are between Spanish–English bilinguals and monolingual-English speakers, indicating that these groups are approaching similar occupational placements. I conclude by highlighting an occupational advantage to Spanish–English bilingualism, but only in border cities characterised by concentrations of Spanish-origin speakers. In the non-border city of Houston, being Spanish–English bilingual is not enough to experience occupational upward mobility.
Das Arbeitsrecht der Kirchen im Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen
Authors: Kreß Hartmut
Published: June 2021

Die christlichen Kirchen sind in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nach dem staatlichen öffentlichen Dienst die größten Arbeitgeber. Dies betrifft insbesondere das Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen. Nach der Gründung der Bundesrepublik haben die Kirchen ein eigenes individuelles und kollektives Arbeitsrecht aufgebaut, das in wichtigen Punkten vom staatlichen Recht abweicht. In der Weimarer Republik hatten die staatlichen Arbeitsgesetze hingegen auch für sie gegolten. Seit den 1950er Jahren stützen sie die Sonderbestimmungen ihres eigenen Arbeitsrechts darauf, dass ihre Beschäftigten sich in einer „Dienstgemeinschaft“ befinden. Dieser Begriff entstammt der Rechtsordnung des NS-Staats. Der Aufsatz geht auf derzeitige rechtliche Kontroversen ein und kritisiert, dass die Kirchen sich zu extensiv auf ihr korporatives Selbstbestimmungsrecht berufen. Zurzeit betonen sie den religiösen Charakter der von ihnen getragenen Einrichtungen des Gesundheits- und Sozialwesens zum Teil noch stärker als zuvor. Für die Zukunft zeichnet sich die Notwendigkeit gesetzlicher Eingrenzungen ab.
Shifting Ethical Boundaries in Forensic Use of DNA
Authors: Samuel Gabrielle , Prainsack Barbara
Published: June 2021

In this paper we explore shifts in how the law and ethics allow European law enforcement officers to use forensic genetic technologies. We do so by reviewing three technologies, ‘traditional’ (STR-based) forensic DNA profiling, forensic DNA phenotyping and the searching of genetic genealogy databases. In particular, we discuss changes in how ethical boundaries have been placed around what is seen as an appropriate use of genetic technologies in European criminal justice systems. While the ‘type’ of DNA that law enforcement officers are permitted to analyse offers a useful ethical reference point, for newer forensic genomic technologies, ethical scrutiny, we argue, would also look at the specific purpose or use of the technology.
Associating With Art: A Network Model of Aesthetic Effects
Authors: Specker Eva , Fried Eiko I. , Rosenberg Raphael , Leder Helmut
Published: June 2021

In recent years, understanding psychological constructs as network processes has gained considerable traction in the social sciences. In this paper, we propose the aesthetic effects network (AEN) as a novel way to conceptualize aesthetic experience. The AEN represents an associative process where having one association leads to the next association, generating an overall aesthetic experience. In art theory, associations of this kind are referred to as aesthetic effects. The AEN provides an explicit account of a specific cognitive process involved in aesthetic experience. We first outline the AEN and discuss empirical results (Study 1, N=255) to explore what can be gained from this approach. Second, in Study 2 (N=133, pre-registered) we follow calls in the literature to substantiate network theories by using an experimental manipulation, and found evidence in favor of the AEN over other alternatives. The AEN provides a basis for future studies that can apply a network perspective to different aesthetic experiences and processes. This perspective takes a process-based approach to aesthetic experience, where aesthetic experience is represented as an active interaction between viewer and artwork. If we want to understand how people experience art, it is central to know why people have different experiences with the same artworks, and, also, why people have similar experiences when looking at different artworks. Our proposed network perspective offers a new way to approach and potentially answer these questions.
Antipodal Connections
Authors: Ko Chisu Teresa
Published: June 2021

Argentines often use the term “antipodes” to describe East Asia as Argentina’s geographical and cultural opposite. Within this antipodal imaginary, Asia and its people often figure in stereotypical, mythical, or unfamiliar terms. Recently, however, there has been a surge of Argentine documentary films about Koreans and Korean immigration to Argentina. Why are so many Argentine documentaries turning to these subjects and why now? This essay focuses on two films—La chica del sur (José Luis García, 2012) and Una canción coreana (Yael Tujsanider and Gustavo Tarrío, 2014)—to understand this new interest. It analyzes the films within the layered contexts from which they emerge: a post-crisis Argentina after the economic meltdown of 2001, the surge of documentary filmmaking as a response to this crisis, and the subjective/reflexive turn of documentary films. The essay argues that the films’ initial approach to their Orientalized subjects enables an exercise of reflexivity which, ultimately, moves filmmakers and audiences beyond reflexivity toward affective, antipodal connections.
Remembering Walter Bernstein
Authors: Rodman Howard A.
Published: June 2021

Screenwriter Howard Rodman offers a poignant appreciation of Walter Bernstein, the blacklisted screenwriter and director who died in January 2021 at the age of 101. Bernstein had been a fixture in Rodman’s life since the 1950s, when Rodman’s father served as a “front” for Bernstein’s television work. Bernstein would later use that experience as inspiration for The Front (dir. Martin Ritt, 1977), his trenchant and mordantly funny account of life on the blacklist. Rodman surveys Bernstein’s long career, from his years as a journalist for the US Army publication Yank and The New Yorker, to his post-blacklist work of the 1960s and 1970s, to his work at the Sundance Screenwriting Lab, where he and Rodman both served as advisors, closing the circle.
The Natural Order of Things
Authors: Betancourt Manuel
Published: June 2021

Forced to slow down by the COVID-19 pandemic, Film Quarterly columnist Manuel Betancourt found himself drawn to films that embraced stillness. Marking a refreshing change from the urban settings that dominate much Latin American cinema, Los silencios (Beatriz Seigner, 2018), Selva trágica (Tragic Jungle, Yulene Olaizola, 2020), and Ceniza negra (Land of Ashes, Sofía Quirós Úbeda, 2019) are set in jungle and rural landscapes complete with lush, dreamy soundscapes. Privileging mood over plot, these films revel in their sense of being unmoored from familiar locales, becoming portals that open onto a different way of looking at the world.
Michel Leiris and the Secret Language of Song
Authors: Smart Mary Ann
Published: June 2021

Best known for his reminiscences of artistic and intellectual life in midcentury Paris and for his chronicle of the 1931 Dakar-Djibouti mission, L’Afrique fantôme (1934), Michel Leiris also wrote obsessively about music, turning to imperfectly recalled fragments of song and opera to evoke key moments of early childhood and to explore affective relationships. This article focuses on two episodes from Leiris’s writings to demonstrate that his highly emotional and anecdotal mode of writing about music anticipates, and quite possibly influenced, the more systematic theories of voice, sound, and language of Roland Barthes and Jacques Derrida. Derrida engaged directly with Leiris in his essay “Tympan” (in The Margins of Philosophy), which quotes at length a text by Leiris on the cognitive and relational dimensions of hearing and writing. Leiris’s experience in the 1930s and 40s developing a lexicon and grammar for the ritual language of the Dogon people of Mali, I argue, fundamentally shaped his conviction that both music and language are most communicative when they permeate and destabilize each other.
Management of early-stage metastatic prostate cancer: appraisal of locoregional treatments and radiation therapy, with or without immunomodulation
Authors: Sandoval Maria L , Dohm Ammoren , Yamoah Kosj
Published: June 2021

The current standard for the management of locally advanced and early stage metastatic prostate cancer relies on a backbone of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with radiotherapy (RT), a regimen that at a glance appears relatively straightforward. The emergence of newer diagnostic, genomic and imaging modalities have allowed for better disease risk-stratification and opened avenues for the development of more patient-centered treatment strategies. This review aims to highlight the central role of RT as part of a multi-modal approach and discuss established and emerging data for the management of locally advanced disease, biochemical recurrence, and oligometastatic disease, as well as the use of immunotherapies and radio-isotopes. This review will also briefly discuss ongoing clinical trials that provide new insights into the paradigm shift in the management of locally advanced prostate cancer.
Ghrelin receptor signaling is not required for glucocorticoid-induced obesity in female mice
Authors: Silver Zachary , Abbott-Tate Sam , Hyland Lindsay , Sherratt Frances , Woodside Barbara , Abizaid Alfonso
Published: June 2021

Chronic exposure to high circulating glucocorticoid or ghrelin concentrations increases food intake, weight gain and adiposity, suggesting that ghrelin could contribute to the metabolic effects of chronic glucocorticoids. In male mice, however, blocking ghrelin receptor (GHSR) signaling increased the weight gain and adiposity induced by chronic corticosterone (CORT), rather than attenuating them. In the current study, we investigated the role of GHSR signaling in the metabolic effects of chronic exposure to high circulating CORT in female mice. To do this, female WT and GHSR KO mice were treated with either CORT in a 1% ethanol (EtOH) solution or 1% EtOH alone in their drinking water for 32 days (n = 5–8/group). Body weight, food, and water intake as well as vaginal cyclicity were assessed daily. As expected, CORT treatment-induced significant increases in body weight, food intake, adiposity and also impaired glucose tolerance. In contrast to results observed in male mice, WT and GHSR KO female mice did not differ on any of these parameters. Neither plasma levels of ghrelin, LEAP-2, the endogenous GHSR antagonist produced by the liver, nor their ratio were altered by chronic glucocorticoid exposure. In addition, CORT treatment disrupted vaginal cyclicity, produced a reduction in sucrose consumption and increased locomotor activity regardless of genotype. Chronic CORT also decreased exploration in WT but not GHSR KO mice. Collectively, these data suggest that most metabolic, endocrine, reproductive and behavioral effects of chronic CORT exposure are independent of GHSR signaling in female mice.
Concepciones de ciencia desde la perspectiva de diversidad cultural en profesores de programas de Licenciatura en Ciencias Naturales y Educación Ambiental en colombia
Authors: Adame Rodríguez Juan David
Published: June 2021

La ciencia occidental pareciera verse como único fin de la enseñanza de la educación científica,situación que vislumbra una de las principales dificultades en la formación de un profesorado quese circunscribe ante una diversidad de saberes arraigados a una nación pluriétnica y multiculturalcomo la nuestra. Este artículo presenta los resultados de investigación de la Tesis DoctoralConcepciones de ciencia desde la perspectiva de diversidad cultural en profesores de licenciaturaen ciencias naturales y educación ambiental en Colombia. Inicialmente, expone tendenciasactuales relacionadas con las concepciones de ciencia presentes en el profesorado desde el marcode la diversidad cultural y su relación con la enseñanza. Posteriormente, describe un cuerpometodológico que, desde el diseño y validación de dos instrumentos (situaciones en contexto ycuestionarios sobre representaciones de contenido), permitió analizar el objeto de investigaciónen docentes y documentos maestros de tres programas de formación inicial de profesores,distribuidos en tres regiones diferenciadas culturalmente del país. Finalmente, se encuentra en laepistemología universalista un eje fundante que sobresale en la formación del profesorado enciencias en nuestro territorio
De la presencialidad a la virtualidad. La educación pública en Bogotá en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Martínez NIeto Lina Paola , Valencia Leal Angela , Valencia Murillo Angélica María , Niño Nieto César Omar Fernando
Published: June 2021

Este artículo es una posibilidad de acercarse a algunas alternativas de la educación pública enBogotá en medio de la emergencia sanitaria que se establece en estos tiempos de pandemia,cuando el paso de la presencialidad a la virtualidad ha establecido diferentes formas deaprendizaje, pero también ha puesto en evidencia directrices políticas estatales y distritales. Surgedel contexto en que el docente y del docente-orientador han reaccionado desde una mirada críticay transformadora, al fomentar y enriquecer experiencias centradas en la memoria y laeducomunicación, que abarcan el trabajo colectivo en las localidades de San Cristóbal, Bosa,Kennedy y Ciudad Bolívar. Tiene como fin rescatar el valor del trabajo con diferentescomunidades educativas y dejar como punto álgido de reflexión la labor del docente en medio deesta transformación social. Teniendo como referente el quehacer individual, surge una serie depropuestas educativas para dar alcance a los procesos pedagógicos integrales, que den respuestaa las necesidades de cada uno de los contextos de las instituciones educativas distritales.
Case Study on the Implementation of G Company’s Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors:   Sichuan University, Sun Lu , Huang Yuan-Yuan , Luo Yi-Ling
Published: June 2021

Over the years, scholars have verified that corporate social responsibility activities can bring sustainable competitive advantages to enterprise, but few have studied how to apply the corporate social responsibility theoretical framework to corporate activities. This paper selects G company, a listed company in China, as the case. It is an excellent company rated as “five-star social responsibility fulfillment enterprise” by CFIE (China Federation of Industrial Economics) from 2014 to 2017, we explore the way of combining social responsibility activities with corporate strategy, so as to provide experience and reference for other companies in fulfilling social responsibility continuously. We found that G company took the R&D of green silicone material products as the main driving force to fulfill its social responsibility, and closely combines its core business activities with social responsibility activities, runs the concept of social responsibility through the whole process of production and operation, and strives to build a social responsibility management mechanism with the characteristics of company, thus bringing sustainable competitive advantages of enterprise.
Purpose bei TRUMPF
Authors:   Horváth,   Grünert
Published: June 2021

Dr. Lars Grünert ist kaufmännischer Geschäftsführer der TRUMPF GmbH + Co. KG und in dieser Position verantwortlich für Finanzen, Financial Services, Informationstechnik und trägt darüber hinaus die Regionalverantwortung für Nordamerika. Knapp 100 Controller sind in der Unternehmensgruppe beschäftigt, davon 50 in den Tochtergesellschaften, die dort aber auch operative Aufgaben im Finanzbereich übernehmen.
Purpose als Treiber von Transformation und Performance
Authors:   Meier,   Nam
Published: June 2021

Purpose stellt den Daseinszweck von Organisationen und Individuen dar. Als solcher leitet er sich ab von der jeweiligen Bewusstseinsstufe, auf der sich die Organisation und das Individuum befindet. Gelingt es diese Bewusstseinsstufe klar zu erkennen und mit konkreten Werten, Handlungsweisen und KPIs zu verbinden sowie diese erlebbar und messbar zu machen, ist ein Treiber von Transformation und Performance gefunden. Damit entstehen Wettbewerbsvorteile und Wachstumsvorteile.
Wie junge Toptalente nach Sinn streben
Authors:   Buder,   Dieckmann
Published: June 2021

Junge Toptalente sehen einen sinnstiftenden Zweck – oder englisch kurz Purpose – von Unternehmen als unentbehrlich für die zukünftige Stellung im Wettbewerb. Purpose ist aber kein Element, das Produkten oder Dienstleistungen einfach hinzugefügt werden kann. Es ist vielmehr ein zentraler Leitgedanke und (unerreichbares) Ziel eines Unternehmens, auf das sich verschiedenste unternehmerische Aktivitäten ausrichten. Zentral für Purpose ist eine klare Definition der Ziele und die Entwicklung adäquater Kennzahlen für Fortschritt in nichtmonetären Dimensionen.
Sinnstiftung und Steuerungssysteme
Authors:   Möller,   Burghardt
Published: June 2021

Ein Corporate Purpose kann als weiterer Steuerungshebel das Performance Management zu einer ganzheitlichen Funktion erweitern und neben finanziellen Zielen auch Sinn vermitteln. Erleben Mitarbeiter eines Unternehmens ihre Arbeit als sinnvoll, steigert das u. a. die Motivation und kann zur Leistungssteigerung beitragen. Controller sollten daher die Vermittlung von Sinnstiftung in ihren Werkzeugkasten aufnehmen und insbesondere systematisch prüfen, ob das Steuerungssystem und der Purpose angemessen miteinander verzahnt sind, da sonst negative Konsequenzen wie Sinnentleerung folgen können.
Anforderungen an eine echte Purpose–Orientierung von Unternehmen
Authors:   Dyllick,   Muff
Published: June 2021

Dieser Artikel behandelt vier grundlegende Fragen an eine Purpose-Orientierung von Unternehmen. Er bezieht sich dabei auf die Stellungnahmen bedeutender Persönlichkeiten und Organisationen wie den amerikanischen Business Roundtable, Klaus Schwab und das von ihm geleitete World Economic Forum, Larry Fink, CEO von BlackRock, sowie auf aktuelle Literatur. Es werde folgende vier Fragen behandelt: 1. Was ist Purpose und woher kommt der Druck im Hinblick auf eine Purpose-Orientierung? 2. Worin besteht das unternehmerische Interesse an Purpose? 3. Was sind Anforderungen an eine echte Purpose-Orientierung? 4. Welche Aufgaben und Herausforderungen ergeben sich hieraus für das Controlling?
Purpose in der Praxis: Insights einer Leitbildstudie aus der deutschen Wirtschaft
Authors:   Brosch
Published: June 2021

Egal ob Business Roundtable in den USA oder Weltwirtschaftsforum in Davos – die Diskussion rund um einen über die Gewinnmaximierung hinausgehenden Purpose gewinnt weltweit an Dynamik. Doch wie steht es eigentlich um den Purpose in der deutschen Wirtschaft? Dieser Frage geht eine Untersuchung der Leitbilder großer und mittelständiger deutscher Unternehmen nach. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Auseinandersetzung mit einem Purpose rasant an Bedeutung gewinnt, aber noch ein weiter Weg zu gehen ist.
Purpose als Prinzip
Authors:   Weißenberger,   Schattevoy
Published: June 2021

Immer mehr Unternehmen kommunizieren offensiv ihren Purpose, also ihren gesellschaftlichen Daseinszweck. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt sich die Frage, wie sich finanzielle Profitabilität und gesellschaftliches Verantwortungsbewusstsein trotz offensichtlicher Konfliktpotenziale in eine konsistente strategische Ausrichtung der Unternehmen einbetten lassen. In diesem Artikel wird aufgezeigt, wie die Integration von Purpose als Leitprinzip in die Unternehmenssteuerung über verschiedene Wirkungspfade zur Schaffung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen und damit auch zu finanziellem Erfolg beitragen kann.
Impact Measurement: Was Controller zur Steuerung des Corporate (Social) Purpose brauchen
Authors:   Stehle,   Möhrer,   Jordan
Published: June 2021

Der Zweck von Unternehmen – ihr Purpose – ist in der gesellschaftlichen und politischen Diskussion mittlerweile ein zentraler Aspekt und wird auch von Unternehmen zunehmend als Werttreiber erkannt. Offen bleibt bislang die Frage, wie sich der Purpose systematisch in die Unternehmenssteuerung integrieren lässt. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt den Corporate Social Purpose in Beziehung zum Themenfeld des Impact Measurement und zeigt auf, wie damit ein „Purpose-Controlling“ erfolgreich umgesetzt werden kann.
Stiftungssteuerung: Im Spannungsfeld zwischen Vertrauen und Kontrolle
Authors:   Ander,   Hoffjan
Published: June 2021

Wenn Unternehmen planen, ihre gemeinnützigen Aktivitäten zu bündeln und vom Kerngeschäft abzugrenzen, liegt es häufig nahe, eine entsprechende Stiftung zu gründen. Bei genauerer Betrachtung zeigt sich jedoch schnell, dass sich die Zusammenstellung der klassischen Steuerungsinstrumente in der Regel nicht ohne Anpassung auf die neue Organisationsform übertragen lässt. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich erhöhte Legitimitätsanforderungen, die insbesondere durch den Staat wie auch die Öffentlichkeit bestehen und ebenfalls nicht außer Acht gelassen werden dürfen. Hier setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an und zeigt nach welchen Kriterien Steuerungsansätze ausgewählt werden können.
Cellulose fiber enzymatic modification to improve the softness, strength, and absorption properties of tissue papers
Authors: Morais Flávia P. , Carta Ana M. M. S. , Amaral Maria E. , Curto Joana M. R.
Published: June 2021

Effects of enzymatic modification were evaluated in bleached Eucalyptus kraft and sulfite cellulosic pulps, separately, to improve key tissue paper properties and design new Eucalyptus fiber applications. Different cellulase dosages (0.01 mg and 0.1 mg of enzyme/g of pulp) and reaction times (30 min and 60 min) were used to modify the fibers and replace the traditional mechanical based refining or beating process. The results showed that for enzymatic modified kraft and sulfite pulps, the softness properties were improved by 1 and 2 units, respectively, for each unit of decreased strength properties. To achieve a balance between the tissue properties, the different fiber pulp furnishes that contained 80% of the enzymatically treated kraft pulp and 20% of the sulfite pulp with and without enzymatic treatment, were studied. Overall, the structures made with these mixtures presented softness properties in the commercial range (57.8 to 74.4), improved absorption properties (107 mm to 120 mm of capillary rise), and good strength properties (13.0 to 17.7 N.m/g). This study was conducted in order to adjust the fiber furnishes according to industrial tissue standards, using one Eucalyptus fiber type providing strength and another providing softness.
Reinforcement potential of modified nanofibrillated cellulose in recycled paper production
Authors: Tozluoğlu Ayhan , Fidan Hakan , Tutuş Ahmet , Arslan Recai , Sertkaya Selva , Poyraz Bayram , Küçük Sibel Dikmen , Sözbir Tamer , Yemşen Bekir , Gücüş Mehmet Onurhan
Published: June 2021

The influence of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was investigated as a reinforcing agent to improve strength properties of papersheets fabricated from recycled pulp fibers of mixtures of old newspapers, old magazines, and old corrugated cardboards. To determine the effects of the NFC on the mechanical and physical properties of the recycled pulp papers, cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) were isolated from wheat straw, pretreated chemically and enzymatically (NFC-OX), and then added to the bulk suspensions of papermaking pulp slurries at various percentages. The electrokinetic and drainage properties of the pulps and the mechanical and physical properties of the papersheets were analyzed and compared. As expected, the addition of NFC/NFC-OX significantly increased the strength properties of papers. Papers containing 4% of NFC-OX (periodate pretreated) presented higher increases in tensile index (43%) and burst index (59.3%) than other papers. However, a high addition of NFC/NFC-OX increased the water retention, which is undesirable for papermaking. Hence, with optimum selection of NFC/NFC-OX and process conditions, higher mechanical properties could be acquired without increasing drainage rate. Compared to the other pretreated NFC/NFC-OX types, sodium-periodate-oxidized NFC-OX samples significantly increased the mechanical properties of the papers fabricated from the recycled pulps.
Orcs Lives Matter: Representation of African Americans in Bright Film
Authors: Ayuningtyas Shafira , Merdeka Pita
Published: June 2021

Exploring the way Orcs are portrayed in the Bright film are the focus of this research and futher analyzing the ideology within. This research uses the qualitative research method to help answering the research questions on how Orcs are represented in Bright and how representations reflect the ideology of the text. Additionally, Hall’s representation and ideology theories are applied in the process to provide an insight into the research problems. The research found that Orcs in Bright are constructed in a very like ways as African Americans as they are portrayed as the designated bad guys, targets for animalization and victims of police brutality which match the image of African Americans in American society. These portrayals of Orcs leads to the discussion of Orcs’ poor social standing in society in comparison to other races in the film and in result reflects the ideology the text tries to convey that is black inferiority, as shown by the way the American system and society treated them. Overall, this research can be used as a reference for researches on representation of African Americans and racial allegories in literature.