bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience on controlled-source electromagnetic performance for exploration in Norway
Authors: Berre Lodve , Morten Jan Petter , Baillie Graeme , Nerland Elias
Published: June 2020

We have analyzed the predictive performance of the controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method using a large statistical database. The prediction strength is quantified by comparing the CSEM interpretation to exploration drilling results for more than 100 wells in Norway. The comparison has been done by correlating inversion results for all of the surveys covering these wells with the well outcome, using a statistically driven anomaly detection workflow to avoid confirmation bias. The comparison is summarized by classifying the interpretations as true positives, true negatives, false positives, or false negatives. We find that the CSEM interpretation correctly identified the true negative and positive cases for 79% of the analyzed wells. We further evaluate how integrated interpretation can provide more detailed predictions. This includes taking the sensitivity to the target into account as well as integrating seismic data and rock-physics parameters with the CSEM data to quantify the potential volumes in place. In some cases, we also determine that the derived parameters are not compatible with hydrocarbon models, and prospects must be downgraded despite having clear CSEM anomalies associated with them. In addition to the statistics, our results are supported by several case examples.
Linear mixed-effects models for estimation of pulmonary metastasis growth rate: implications for CT surveillance in patients with sarcoma
Authors: Isidro Ulysses , O'Brien Liam M , Sebro Ronnie
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Sarcoma patients often undergo surveillance chest CT for detection of pulmonary metastases. No data exist on the optimal surveillance interval for chest CT. The aim of this study was to estimate pulmonary metastasis growth rate in sarcoma patients.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of 95 patients with pulmonary metastases (43 patients with histologically confirmed metastases and 52 with clinically diagnosed metastases) from sarcoma treated at an academic tertiary-care center between 01 January 2000 and 01 June 2019. Age, sex, primary tumor size, grade, subtype, size and volume of the pulmonary metastasis over successive chest CT scans were recorded. Two metastases per patient were chosen if possible. Multivariate linear mixed-effects models with random effects for each pulmonary metastasis and each patient were used to estimate pulmonary metastasis growth rate, evaluating the impact of patient age, tumor size, tumor grade, chemotherapy and tumor subtype. We estimated the pulmonary metastasis volume doubling time using these analyses.

Results:

Maximal primary tumor size at diagnosis (LRT statistic = 2.58, df = 2, p = 0.275), tumor grade (LRT statistic = 1.13, df = 2, p = 0.567), tumor type (LRT statistic = 7.59, df = 6, p = 0.269), and patient age at diagnosis (LRT statistic = 0.735, df = 2, p = 0.736) were not statistically significant predictors of pulmonary nodule growth from baseline values. Chemotherapy decreased the rate of pulmonary nodule growth from baseline (LRT statistic = 7.96, df = 2, p = 0.0187). 95% of untreated pulmonary metastases are expected to grow less than 6 mm in 6.4 months. There was significant intrapatient and interpatient variation in pulmonary metastasis growth rate. Pulmonary metastasis volume growth rate was best fit with an exponential model in time. The volume doubling time for pulmonary metastases assuming an exponential model in time was 143 days (95% CI (104, 231) days).

Conclusions:

Assuming a 2 mm nodule is the smallest reliably detectable nodule by CT, the data suggest that an untreated pulmonary metastasis is expected to grow to 8 mm in 8.4 months (95% CI (4.9, 10.2) months). Tumor size, grade and sarcoma subtype did not significantly alter pulmonary metastasis growth rate. However, chemotherapy slowed the pulmonary metastasis growth rate.

Advances in knowledge:

CT surveillance intervals for pulmonary metastases can be estimated based on metastasis growth rate. There was significant variation in the pulmonary metastasis growth rate between metastases within patient and between patients. Pulmonary nodule volume growth followed an exponential model, linear in time.
Major Septal Defects: Comparative Study of Down Syndrome and Non-Down Syndrome Infants, Before and After Surgery
Authors: Aziz Saleha , Ayub Maaha , Masood Laiba , Amanullah Muneer , Hameed Rukhsana , Hashmi Shiraz , Ahmad Waris
Published: June 2020

Objective: To compare pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative parameters in Down syndrome (DS) and non-DS patients with atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) and inlet ventricular septal defects (VSD) in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at Aga Khan University, Pakistan. All complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD), partial atrioventricular septal defect (PAVSD), and VSD with inlet extension surgical cases from January 2007 to January 2019 were included. Patients with congenital heart diseases other than those listed above were excluded.

Results: In 61 cases, 18 had DS. Median age, mean body surface area (BSA), and height were lower in DS patients compared to non-DS patients: 7.0 vs 23.0 months, 0.311 vs 0.487 m2, and 63 vs 82 cm, respectively. Bypass duration, aortic cross clamp time, post-operative ventilator hours, dose of inotropes, CICU stay, and total hospital stay were all significantly higher in the DS group. The odds ratio (95% CI) for mortality in DS babies was 6.2 (1.4, 27.1), p=0.015, after adjusting for age, weight, and height. The overall morbidity was comparable between the two groups, demonstrating no significant difference after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusion: DS babies with AVSD and inlet VSD are at a greater risk of mortality compared to non-DS babies, particularly those with CAVSD. Furthermore, DS babies undergo surgery at a younger age and require more aggressive post-operative therapy and monitoring due to the development of complications.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1743

How to cite this:Aziz S, Ayub M, Masood L, Amanullah M, Hameed R, Hashmi S, et al. Major Septal Defects: Comparative study of Down Syndrome and Non-Down Syndrome Infants, before and after surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):925-929. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1743

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Frequency and determinants of timely arrival among patients of acute myocardial infarction at a public sector tertiary care hospital in Karachi
Authors: Jalbani Faryal Akbar , Shaikh Shiraz , Fatima Subhani
Published: June 2020

Objective: To determine the time from onset of symptoms to start of fibrinolysis and treatment in acute ST elevated myocardial infarction patients and identify the factors which cause delay in treatment.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi on 360 conveniently selected patients of ST elevated myocardial infarction from July to September in the year 2017. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain detailed information on socio-demographics, factors which cause delay and timing of onset of symptoms to arrival of patient in emergency ward.

Results: Overall, the total average time from the start of symptoms to initiation of treatment was 119.85±63.32 minutes. Only 5.1% patient reached within one hour while 57.7% reached within two hours. Old age group of 60 and above was positively associated with timely arrival (OR=2.75, 95% CI 1.33-5.68, p=0.006). Significant positive association of using personal car as mode of transport to reach the hospital (OR=5.25, 95% CI 2.94-9.35, p<0.001) was also found as compared to using ambulance. Distance from facility was suggestive of negative association in the model but was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, more than one third of patients reached the hospital within two hours of initiation of symptoms while only 5.1% reached within one hour. The delay was mostly pre-hospital attributed to arranging transport, stay at first medical contact and time taken from first medical contact to the hospital.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2104

How to cite this:Jalbani FA, Shaikh S, Fatima S. Frequency and determinants of timely arrival among patients of acute myocardial infarction at a public sector tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):914-919.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2104

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ARE THE STANDARDS IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE?
Authors: Es'kov Valeriy , Pyatin P. , Shakirova L. , Chertischev A.
Published: June 2020

Some scientists present the problem of physiology and medicine which are connected with new understanding of standard definition. The main goal of the article is connected with proving of standard absent in medicine according to stochastic and deterministic definition. Object and methods. One group of young woman was researching by cardio-vascular systems parameter (cardiointervals). It was registrated 15-th series of experiments any every series consists 15 number of cardiointervals samples (every sample consists 300 cardiointervals). So we calculate the special matrix for every series for it we calculate the number k of pair which has common general distribution. Results. All 225 such matrix present the number of such k (k≤20% for every matrix) it means that all samples are unique. Conclusion. It every sample is unique we cannot present the standard state of the cardio-respiratory system of the man. We have chaotic number of samples with unique it distribution function. The chaotic behavior we have for spectral density of it signals and for autocorrelation. So we need new methods for functional systems investigation which are not based on deterministic or stochastic sciences. We need new understanding of standard based on new science.
CLINICAL CASE: CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR UNCONTROLLED BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Gaysaev M. , Gancgorn E.
Published: June 2020

M.O. GAISAEV, E.V. GANTSGORN

A clinical case of a 55-year-old patient with persistent moderate uncontrolled bronchial asthma and acute stage of chronic bronchitis is described. In the aspect of etiopathogenetic features and modern approaches to the treatment of this pathology, the tactics of the pharmacotherapy performed are analyzed on the example of this patient. The presented clinical case demonstrates the feasibility of a differentiated approach to the treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis as one of the important risk factors for the progression of bronchial asthma.
MODERN DIAGNOSTICS BREAST DISEASES
Authors: Guseynov Arif
Published: June 2020

The lecture provides information for medical practitioners on the problems of modern diagnosis of breast pathology. The methods of the research, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are described in detail. The questions of differential diagnosis are presented, the optimal schemes and approaches in the diagnosis of the most common diseases of the mammary gland are described.
The Polish adaptation of the Disclosure of Trauma Questionnaire (DTQ)
Authors: Rzeszutek Marcin , Lis-Turlejska Maja , Pięta Małgorzata , Szumiał Szymon , Kabas Małgorzata , Kaźmierczak Izabela , Drapała Iwona
Published: June 2020

Cel pracy

Konstrukt ujawnienia traumy (ang. trauma disclosure) jest jednym z najważniejszych elementów społeczno-interpersonalnego modelu zaburzenia po stresie traumatycznym (PTSD). Celem niniejszego badania było stworzenie polskiej adaptacji Kwestionariusza Ujawnienia Traumy (ang. Disclosure of Trauma Questionnaire; DTQ).

Metoda

W badaniu wzięło udział 120 uczestników, 51 kobiet i 69 mężczyzn, w wieku w przedziale 18–58 lat (M = 34.52; SD = 9.95). Rzetelność DTQ zmierzono przy wykorzystaniu współczynników alfa Cronbacha i współczynników korelacji wewnątrzklasowej. Trafność DTQ została sprawdzona przy pomocy konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej oraz analizy korelacji wyników DTQ z wynikami Skali Samooceny PTSD według kryteriów DSM-5 (ang. PTSD Diagnostic Scale for DSM-5; PDS-5), Skali Wpływu Zdarzeń (ang. Impact of Event Scale; IES), Kwestionariusza Społecznego Uznania (ang. Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire; SAQ) oraz Skali Depresji Becka (ang. Beck Depression Inventory; BDI).

Wyniki

Wartości współczynników alfa Cronbacha były równe:.87 dla podskali niechęć do rozmowy,.74 dla podskali potrzeba rozmowy,.85 dla podskali reakcji emocjonalnych oraz.85 dla wyniku całkowitego DTQ. Uzyskano wysokie wartości współczynników korelacji wewnątrzklasowej:.83 dla niechęci do rozmowy,.71 dla potrzeby rozmowy,.77 dla reakcji emocjonalnych i.76 dla wyniku całkowitego DTQ. Struktura czynnikowa DTQ została potwierdzona przy użyciu konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej. Tak jak oczekiwano, wyniki podskal DTQ były dodatnio skorelowane z nasileniem symptomów PTSD i symptomów depresji oraz brakiem społecznego uznania.

Wnioski

Otrzymane wyniki empiryczne potwierdziły zadowalające własności psychometryczne DTQ. Narzędzie to może być wykorzystywane do głębszego zrozumienia relacji pomiędzy ujawnieniem traumy i społecznym kontekstem radzenia sobie ze zdarzeniami traumatycznymi.
Trust in the Process of Cooperation between the Citizens and the State in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Radikow Ivan V.
Published: June 2020

The author claims that contemporary cooperation between the state and a citizen in Russia is evolving from a state-centralist model to a kind of partnership. The degree and quality of the state’s cooperation is determined by the hybrid nature of the Russian political system – a combination of elements of democratic institutions and autocratic methods of governance. Cooperation between the state and a citizen should be discussed in the context of attaining the opportunities for cooperation between the citizens and the state in order to achieve general aims, as a means of resolving problems. The author holds the opinion that cooperation can be not only an expression of solidarity, but also a testament to peaceful coexistence (not aimed at wrangling). What serves as an indicator of such cooperation between the state and a citizen is trust in the authorities. It should be said that in the conditions of unconsolidated democratic culture of cooperation between the state and the society, the attitude of the majority of citizens to the contemporary political authorities in Russia is, to a high degree, based on trust in Vladimir Putin. However, the noticeable decrease in the level of trust to certain institutions of authority is a result of the inaction, immorality, and corruption of certain groups of policymakers or representatives of the authorities. One of the major challenges of the authorities is how to increase social trust in political institutions.
Regions of Russia
Authors: Solozobov Yuri
Published: June 2020

The article focuses on a possible classification and description of the real situation in the regions of Russia whose developmental trends have not been included so far in the studies about the processes the state really undergoes. The main thesis of the work boils down to stating the extraordinary diversity of the level and type of development of individual subjects of the Federation. A helpful method for describing the state of Russian regions is first and foremost the observation of changes in energy consumption for lighting purposes based on satellite images. The author divides Russia’s socio-regional body into the First Russia (cities populated by more than 500 thousand inhabitants), the Second Russia of smaller cities and towns and the Third Russia – the country’s peripheries. The conclusions of the study are not optimistic as they emphasize the extinction and underdevelopment of most of the state’s territory (representing the Third Russia) accompanied by the unnatural growth of the metropolitan areas, with Moscow and St. Petersburg at the forefront.
The Russian Federation and Reshaping a Post-Cold War Order
Authors: Bryc Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

Russia attempts to revise a Western-led liberal world order. However, challenging the West seems to be a strategy aimed at improving Russia’s international standing. This strategy is undoubtedly ambiguous as Russia challenges the West, particularity the United States, and looks for a rapprochement at the same time.The Russian Federation abandoned the West in 2014 as a result of the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula what constituted breaking international law, andengagement into the war in the East Ukraine. Nevertheless, the milestone was not 2014, but 2008 when Russia had decided for the first time to use its militar yforce against Georgia and indirectly against the growing Western military and political presence in this post-Soviet republic. This game changer was hardly a surprise, because several signals of a desire to challenge the Western-led world order had appeared in the past at least twice in president Putin’s speeches in 2007 at Munich Security Conference and in 2014 during Valdai Club session in Sochi. This article seeks to provide a take in the discussion about the way Russia has been trying to reshape the post-Cold War order. This paper probes the notion that Russia has become a revisionist state trying to shape a post-Western world order. Besides, there are a few questions to be answered, first of all whether anti-Westernism is in fact its goal or rather an instrument in regaining more effective impact on international politics and how it may influence the post-ColdWar order despite its reduced political and economic potential.
From Rise to Fall
Authors: Byzov Leontiy Georgievich
Published: June 2020

Based on the 2000–2018 comparative studies of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM), the author presents the process of transition of the “Putin era” from the stage of consolidation built upon public consensus achieved at the beginning of the “zero” (нулевых) years to the current stage of value crisis that arose in 2012–14 and lasts to this day. Although the current state of society canno tbe unequivocally interpreted as a split, contradictions in the system of values are growing. Implementation of the idea of a strong state is delegated to social groups that are least modernized. Moreover, within the state itself, frustration has been growing among the whole society. The increasing demand for change has not yet been materialized in the form of any political “body”, which makes the inevitable transit of epochs extremely risky for the country and the society.
On some Actual Aspects of the Interpretation of the Liberal Tradition in Russia
Authors: Gutorov Vladimir
Published: June 2020

On some Actual Aspects of the Interpretation of the Liberal Tradition in Russia
The article examines the key moments of the transformation of liberal tradition in Russia in the context of analysis of the main directions of the transformation of liberal ideological discourse and liberal culture in Western Europe and the United States. The need for such an analysis is primarily determined by the fact that since the early 1990s Western liberal stereotypes have become an ideological basis of the new Russian political elite and the dominant trend in state propaganda. However, the following main fact is often overlooked: in the 20th century,Russian liberalism was compromised twice, so in the short-term the hopes for the revival of the liberal ideas are gone. In the West, the liberal tradition has also been in the state of crisis: Western liberalism has been undergoing a very significant transformation that has far-reaching cultural and political implications. In particular, at the turn of the 21st c., a more active role in Western public discourse was taken by the radical neo-conservative versions of an ideology that combined a conservative program of political reforms with a strong libertarian (neoliberal) rhetoric. This ideology is actively used by the ruling circles of the US and Western Europe to influence ideologically the political elites of Russia – as it happened in Central and Eastern Europe during the so-called “velvet revolutions”. At the same time, what increasingly clearly and sharply came to the fore in the late twentieth century is anti-liberal thought and criticism that has always evolved in parallel with liberalism itself and that almost never ceases to exist.
A crítica de Husserl à teoria do juízo de Brentano e seu papel na formulação da primeira teoria fenomenológica da intencionalidade
Authors: Guilhermino Daniel Peluso
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar de que modo os conceitos fundamentais da teoria da intencionalidade de Husserl se originam de sua crítica à primeira doutrina do juízo de Brentano. Para tanto, iniciamos com uma breve súmula das doutrinas clássicas e modernas de juízo, de modo a oferecer o contexto geral da discussão. Em seguida, realizamos uma reconstrução da doutrina de Brentano, cujo cerne é a compreensão do juízo como tomada de posição em relação a um estado de coisas essencialmente simples. Apresentamos, então, a crítica de Husserl na 5ª Investigação Lógica a todos os pontos da doutrina brentaniana e o resultado positivo de tal crítica, nomeadamente a gênese do conceito de ato objetivante a partir do resgate do caráter essencialmente sintético do juízo e a reconfiguração fenomenológica da relação subjetividade-mundo. Concluímos indicando a importância dessa desconstrução de Brentano para a formulação do problema geral das Investigações Lógicas.
Orientar-se no campo da Orientação Profissional: contribuições da Fenomenologia
Authors: Perez José Antonio Mesquita
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é o de mostrar como a noção de “orientação” é cabível e pertinente ao se pensar a prática da Orientação Profissional dentro de uma perspectiva fenomenológica. Defende-se que nessa área a palavra “orientação” não precisa ser abandonada desde que seja compreendida com um “se orientar”. Chega-se à posição de que não está em jogo, num processo de Orientação Profissional, determinar para alguém a profissão que ela deve seguir, mas o de proporcionar um espaço no qual a pessoa é convida a cuidar de como ela se orienta para as suas perspectivas futuras. Essa reflexão leva o artigo a pensar a própria natureza do campo da Orientação Profissional e a importância do diálogo em sua constituição, com o intuito de mostrar a importância de não se segregar deste campo, mesmo havendo concepções e compreensões divergentes de como se entende o fenômeno da escolha profissional nas diferentes abordagens.
Johannes Lohmann – o Heidegger da Ciência da Linguagem?
Authors: Sylla Bernhard Josef
Published: June 2020

A Johannes Lohmann (1895-1983), Professor de Linguística Comparada e colega de Heidegger na Universidade de Friburgo, foi atribuído o epíteto “o Heidegger da Ciência da Linguagem”. Nos estudos heideggerianos, são raros os trabalhos que consideram a influência heideggeriana sobre a obra de Lohmann. Uma das exceções é Kockelmans que, já em 1972, elogiou a obra de Lohmann e chegou à conclusão de que Lohmann compreendeu Heidegger corretamente. A análise aqui exposta não concorda com este juízo. Esta discordância é justificada através de uma leitura atenta de várias obras de Lohmann, que permite reavaliar a pretendida aplicação de algumas ideias fundamentais de Heidegger à Ciência da Linguagem, sobretudo as da diferença ontológica, da história do ser e da mundanidade. Chegar-se-á à conclusão que esta aplicação se afasta do pensamento de Heidegger, ou seja, que dificilmente se deixa conciliar com este.
AS EXTENSÕES GEOGRÁFICO-CULTURAIS DA DIÁSPORA E AS NOVAS COMUNIDADES JUDAICAS
Authors: Alberto Póvoa Carlos , Cristiano de Paula Silva Mauro
Published: June 2020

Em contraposição à intencionalidade de retratar a vida judaica europeia, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa sobre a Geografia e a história judaica é ajudar a compreender as diversas diásporas fora do lugar europeu e de suas nomenclaturas, assim como entender os novos ambientes aonde se encontram outras comunidades judaicas “esquecidas” e “desconhecidas” pelas comunidades tradicionais ocidentais. Ao longo dos séculos distintas comunidades judaicas se desenvolveram de forma singular e desigual. Porém, descobriu-se que a diáspora judaica é bem maior do que se imaginou e estudou. Mesmo tendo passado por crises na história mundial, o povo judeu vem mantendo seus costumes e tradições e criaram percepções diferenciadas sobre as suas heranças judaicas e de seu judaísmo, adaptando-se às novas realidades, bem como nos diversos tipos de espaços, território e lugares nos quais ainda vivem em sua complexidade.
VILA UNIÃO: BAIRRO, MEMÓRIAS E TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Pereira da Silva Nildemar , Almino de Freitas Nilson
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta a história de ocupação do bairro Vila União, Sobral-CE, a partir das memórias de seus moradores, pensando suas agências na territorialização do lugar. Assim, pretende-se identificar as vivências e as relações de pertencimento dos moradores com o bairro a partir de suas narrativas. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliográfica, de campo e, especialmente, a história oral. Por fim, mesmo diante das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos moradores do bairro, é perceptível em suas narrativas os laços de afetividade com o meio em que vivem, apesar dos critérios para justificar essa afetividade serem variados.
The least Laplacian eigenvalue of the unbalanced unicyclic signed graphs with $k$ pendant vertices
Authors: Guo Qiao , Hou Yaoping , Li Deqiong
Published: June 2020

Let $\Gamma=(G,\sigma)$ be a signed graph and $L(\Gamma)=D(G)-A(\Gamma)$ be the Laplacian matrix of $\Gamma$, where $D(G)$ is the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees of the underlying graph $G$ and $A(\Gamma)$ is the adjacency matrix of $\Gamma$. It is well-known that the least Laplacian eigenvalue $\lambda_n$ is positive if and only if $\Gamma$ is unbalanced. In this paper, the unique signed graph (up to switching equivalence) which minimizes the least Laplacian eigenvalue among unbalanced connected signed unicyclic graphs with $n$ vertices and $k$ pendant vertices is characterized.
Slow-light-assisted electrical tuning in hollow optical waveguide via carrier depletion in silicon and indium tin oxide subwavelength gratings
Authors: Rajput Swati , Kaushik Vishal , Jain Sourabh , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2020

An electrically tunable hollow optical waveguide based on
silicon-indium tin oxide (ITO) gratings is proposed to achieve phase
modulation. The hollow waveguide consisting of Si-ITO gratings as top
and bottom reflectors supports the propagation of slow-light mode with
a high group index of 71 and a loss of 0.1 dB/cm in a narrow 1 µm
thick air-core at 1550 nm. Carrier depletion in

p

-type Si and

n

-type ITO enables electrically
controlled phase modulation of the guided slow-light mode. With the
slow-light effect, 180° phase modulation is obtained in a short device
length of 3 mm with a maximum reverse bias of

−

5

volts and 3 dB modulation bandwidth
of 63 GHz.
Single-channel high-transmission optical band-pass filter based on plasmonic nanocavities
Authors: Najafabadi Masoud Mardani , Vahidi Samane , Ghafoorifard Hassan , Valizadeh Mahsa
Published: June 2020

This paper is concerned with the investigation of an optical band-pass filter based on subwavelength surface plasmon polaritons. The transmission characteristics are numerically analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain method, and simulation results reveal that the structure has a band-pass filtering characteristic. The metal–insulator–metal plasmonic nanostructure is implemented by several vertical rectangular cavities across an optical waveguide. The metal and dielectric materials utilized for the realization of the filter are silver and air, respectively. Furthermore, the performance can be efficiently modified by tuning the geometric parameters such as the cavities’ length and width and the coupling distance between them. The output transmission spectrum shows a single transmission peak over a wide wavelength range of 400 to 2000 nm, while the full width at half-maximum is about 200 nm. The high extinction ratio beyond 40 dB with the low insertion loss makes this filter comparable to those of other proposed band-pass filters. Besides, the operating wavelength of this filter can be expeditiously tuned by adjusting the geometric parameters, mainly the length of the center cavity. The small footprint of the structure contributes to the achievement of wavelength selection systems for optical communications in ultradense plasmonic integrated circuits.
Investigation of C-band pumping for extended L-band EDFAs
Authors: Lei Chengmin , Feng Hanlin , Messaddeq Younès , LaRochelle Sophie
Published: June 2020

In this study, we present systematic numerical and experimental analysis of high-power C-band light pumping in extended L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). We investigate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, how C-band light sources can be used as pump sources to extend the bandwidth of L-band EDFAs beyond 1610 nm. Results show that, when using a C-band light source as the sole pump, efficient amplification is obtained over the extended L-band, but at the expense of a higher noise figure. However, the advantage of C-band pumping in terms of power conversion efficiency can be exploited when using a two-stage EDFA, with a first stage pumped by 1480 nm to maintain good noise figure performance and a high-power C-band light source (up to several hundred mW) as the pump source for the second stage. Thus, a 20 dB gain covering 1570–1618 nm with a maximum noise figure of 5.7 dB is demonstrated.
Robust registration for ultra-field infrared and visible binocular images
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Huang Fuyu , Liu Bingqi , Li Gang , Chen Yichao , Sun Lihui , Zhang Yunzuo
Published: June 2020

The ultra-field infrared and visible image registration is a challenging task due to its nonlinear imaging and multi-modal image features. In this paper, a robust registration method is proposed for the ultra-field infrared and visible images. First, control points are extracted utilizing phase congruency and optimized based on the guidance map, which is proposed according to significant structures information. Second, ROI pair matching is accomplished based on epipolar curve. Its effect is equivalent to a search window that is popular in methods with the standard field of view, and it can overcome the content differences in the search window caused by nonlinear imaging and vision disparity. Third, a descriptor, named multiple phase congruency directional pattern (MPCDP), is established and composed of distribution information and main direction. The phase congruency amplitudes are encoded as binary patterns, and then they are represented as weighted histogram for distribution information. Six pairs of ultra-field infrared and visible images are employed for registration experiments, and the results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed is robust and accurate in five types of ultra-field scenes and two different camera relationships.
Experimental comparison of silica fibers for laser cooling
Authors: Knall Jennifer , Engholm Magnus , Ballato John , Dragic Peter D. , Yu Nanjie , Digonnet Michel J. F.
Published: June 2020

Laser cooling in silica has recently been demonstrated, but there is still a lack of understanding on how fiber composition, core size, and

O
H

−

contamination influence cooling performance. In this work, six Yb-doped silica fibers were studied to illuminate the influence of these parameters. The best fiber cooled by

−

70

m
K

with only 170 mW/m of absorbed pump power at 1040 nm, which corresponds to twice as much heat extracted per unit length compared to the first reported laser cooling in silica. This new fiber has an extremely low

O
H

−

loss and a higher Al concentration (2.0 wt.% Al), permitting a high Yb concentration (2.52 wt.% Yb) without incurring significant quenching. Strong correlations were found between the absorptive loss responsible for heating and the loss measured at 1380 nm due to absorption by

O
H

−

.
Scaling and cascading compact metamaterial photonic waveguide filter blocks
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhang Shuzailong , Chen Yujie , Yu Siyuan
Published: June 2020

In this work, we reported the design and fabrication of a compact and scalable metamaterial longpass filter with an ultrasmall footprint of

5.1

µ

m

×
5.1

µ

m

. In the stopband, light transmission can be blocked and reflected with

∼

25

d
B

attenuation. In the passband, light can pass through with a low insertion loss around

−

0.28

d
B

. The transition band can be redshifted or blueshifted by scaling up or down the filter block; i.e., scaling down 1% can produce a transition band blueshift of 11.4 nm. The power roll-off can be enhanced by cascading multiple filter blocks, i.e., 1.34 dB/nm by cascading three filters. These results demonstrate the great potential of the metamaterial-based waveguide devices for scalable photonic filtering applications.
The platformization of Chinese cinema: The rise of IP films in the age of Internet+
Authors: Li Jinying
Published: June 2020

This article interrogates the recent rise of the so-called ‘IP films’ in the Chinese media industry as an indication of a profound transformation in the cultural and economic organization of Chinese cinema, a process that is characterized as platformization. The article examines this process by studying the discursive formation and industrial formulation of the notion of ‘IP’, analysing it as less a novel strategy for filmmaking than a new logic of content generation and labour management, which are mediated and controlled by digital platforms. By studying how the concept was invented, interpreted and utilized in the media industries, I interrogate the interwoven and contested relationship between platforms and content, and examine how the operational logic of platforms changed the ways in which cinematic content is created, distributed and consumed in a transmedial process. The article demonstrates that the transmedia system of IP operates as an assembled network of ‘affective modules’, where affective contacts with and among the audiences are generated, captured and framed by the algorithmic infrastructure of platforms. Such is the process of platformization of cinema; it entails radical transformation not only in content generation also in labour management, a shift from paid professional workers to unpaid participatory fans.
El Liber Magnificarum del polifonista Miguel Navarro impreso por Carlos Labayen en 1614
Authors: Itúrbide Díaz Javier
Published: June 2020

La impresión de un libro con música polifónica en un taller de Pamplona a comienzos del siglo XVII, como sucediera en otros europeos de similar rango, constituye un hecho excepcional: hacía más de un siglo que en la capital navarra no se había impreso una obra con notación musical y transcurrieron más de dos siglos para que saliera a la luz otra similar. El presente artículo analiza las circunstancias editoriales, técnicas y comerciales del Liber Magnificarum.
El Catálogo Monumental y Artístico de la provincia de Navarra de 1916: crónica de una oportunidad perdida
Authors: Andueza Unanua María del Pilar
Published: June 2020

Siguiendo sendos reales decretos de 1900 y 1902 que ordenaban recoger "todas las riquezas monumentales y artísticas" de la nación, en 1916 se encargó al escritor y periodista Cristóbal de Castro la ejecución del catálogo correspondiente a la provincia de Navarra. El presente artículo estudia la gestación y desarrollo de dicho catálogo, así como la metodología y bibliografía empleadas. Ofrece también su descripción física y examina y valora el material fotográfico y textual de sus cinco volúmenes, poniendo de manifiesto el carácter fragmentario e incompleto de la obra, así como sus abundantes errores, imprecisiones y nulas aportaciones.
Aldeas extintas y arquitectura románica inédita en el alfoz medieval de Almoguera (Guadalajara)
Authors: Salgado Pantoja José Arturo
Published: June 2020

Los despoblados medievales cristianos ofrecen un sustancial campo de trabajo desde la perspectiva documental y arqueológica, pero conviene recalcar las aportaciones que puede brindar su estudio a la Historia del Arte. Solo en la provincia de Guadalajara, hemos constatado la existencia de más de medio centenar de casos en los que se conservan testimonios físicos de los antiguos templos parroquiales de los siglos XII y XIII. Los seis que aquí se presentan, encuadrados en el Alfoz de Almoguera, revelan una información significativa acerca de los sistemas constructivos, planimetrías y repertorios ornamentales empleados en el románico alcarreño.
Oteiza y la arquitectura desde su biblioteca: Gaudí, la Bauhaus, Le Corbusier
Authors: Azanza López José Javier
Published: June 2020

Entre los más de 6.000 volúmenes que componen la biblioteca personal de Jorge Oteiza custodiada en la Fundación Museo Jorge Oteiza (Alzuza, Navarra), alrededor de un centenar corresponde a textos relacionados con la arquitectura contemporánea, ámbito en el que el escultor vasco muestra particular interés por Gaudí y la Sagrada Familia, la escuela de la Bauhaus y Le Corbusier y el Modulor. Su estudio posibilita una aproximación directa al pensamiento oteiciano, quien concibe el libro como una eficaz herramienta a través de la cual dialoga con sus autores por medio de anotaciones y comentarios que ahondan en su proceso reflexivo y aportan claves de su propia obra.
Fabrikazio gehigarria ezinbesteko teknologia osasunean eta industrian: Euskadi eta Katalunia
Authors: Tejo-Otero Aitor , Fenollosa-Artés Felip , Buj-Corral Irene
Published: June 2020

Azken urteetan, fabrikazio gehigarria (FG) oso azkar garatu da hainbat sektoretan: osasuna, automobilgintza, aeronautika, etab. Aipatutako lehen sektorean, aplikazio anitzetan erabili da: prototipo eta gida kirurgikoak, scaffoldsak, inplanteak. Hobekuntza horiek gaixotasun berriei hobeto aurre egitea ahalbidetuko dute. Industriari dagokionez, fabrikazio gehigarriak aukera ematen die industria-enpresei produktuak prozesu berri ordezko batzuen bidez fabrikatzeko (produktu eta tresna arinagoak, pertsonalizatuak, etab.), hala nola automobilgintzan edo aeronautikan. Gainera, lehen pieza horien fabrikazio-prozesuaren denbora murrizten da. Artikulu honetan, bi eskualdek (Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa eta Katalunia), medikuntza eta industria arloetan, fabrikazio gehigarriari lotutako aktibitatea berrikusi egingo da. Osasun-aplikazioei dagokienez, bai Euskadin, bai Katalunian, FGak eragin ekonomiko bera dauka bietan; industriari dagokionez, ordea, Euskadiko ekonomian eragin handiagoa dauka Kataluniarekin alderatuta.
Detection of esophageal and glandular stomach calcification in cow (Bos taurus)
Authors: Zegyer Esraa Abdul Khaliq , Al Khuzaee Basim Abdullah , Al Badri Ahmed Mahdi
Published: June 2020

Aim: The aims of this study were first to estimate calcification in the esophagus and abomasum of cows and second to quantify its appearance with increasing age using histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques.

Materials and Methods: Esophageal and abomasal samples from 24 healthy cows (Bos taurus) were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin, alizarin red, and von Kossa stains were used for histopathological analysis. Histopathological changes were confirmed with immunohistochemical staining, followed by digital image analysis.

Results: Histological findings revealed the esophagus and abomasum wall comprised four fundamental layers, the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia. At 1 year old, calcification was beginning to appear as fine diffused points in mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis of both esophagus and abomasum, appearing as small spots at 2 years old. With advancing age in all animals, this calcification began to appear as medium spots spread throughout all wall layers of these organs at 3 years old. By 4 years old, calcification had evolved into large dark foci spread substantially throughout the tunica submucosa and tunica muscularis. Immunohistochemical results exhibited positive immunoreaction to calcium salts in the esophagus and abomasum layers in all animals, which increased with age.

Conclusion: The current study concluded that calcification is a pathological event appearing spontaneously in various types of soft tissue, significantly increasing with age, either because of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia or secondary to other diseases.
Physicochemical Characterization of Native and Steam Explosion Pretreated Wild Sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum)
Authors: Selvaraj Aruna , Sriramulu Gobikrishnan
Published: June 2020

The technology of biomass conversion to bioethanol primarily based on pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. This study was to investigate the effectiveness of the steam explosion pretreatment of Saccharum spontaneum L., which accomplishes the greater efficacy of physicochemical and structural properties. The collected plant material was processed and analyzed for ash, moisture, Carbon content, and other elements. The cellulose content of pretreated biomass was increased to 54.31% when compared to native wild sugarcane 41.23% due to the removal of lignin. SEM and FTIR results identified the changes in structural and functional groups also the BET analysis confirmed the increased surface area of Pretreated biomass is 55.541m²/g whereas the surface area of native biomass is 17.939 m²/g, this is due to the increase in pore volume and pore diameter of pretreated wild sugarcane which is 0.260 cc/g and 9.712 nm when compared to pore volume and Pore Diameter Dv(d) of raw material is 0.040 cc/g and 3.650 nm. XRD crystallinity pattern of pretreated wild sugarcane showed an increase in the crystallinity index due to the breakage of lignin during pretreatment. This comparative study has been carried out to know the effect of steam explosion pretreatment over the physicochemical composition and structural changes of wild sugarcane for sustainable bioethanol production.
Exercise Technique: Hexagonal Bar Romanian Deadlift
Authors: Snarr Ronald L. , Adams Kara , Cook Jordan
Published: June 2020

This column provides a description of the correct technique for a hexagonal bar Romanian deadlift (RDL). The use of the hexagonal bar provides a unique variation of the conventional RDL to promote a more advantageous upright body posture, thereby allowing greater loads to be lifted and reductions in spinal compression forces. Additionally, the use of the hexagonal bar RDL can aid in the development in the musculature of the posterior chain benefiting those who are required to sprint and jump regularly.
The Ketogenic Diet for Bodybuilders and Physique Athletes
Authors: Tzur Adam , Roberts Brandon M.
Published: June 2020

In the past decades, the ketogenic diet has received scientific interest as a diet which may be beneficial for athletes. We summarize the ketogenic literature and give competitive bodybuilders and physique athletes advice on whether the diet and ketone supplements are suitable for off-season and in-season use. The diet is effective for fat loss and has a strong hunger-reducing effect. Current evidence suggests it is suboptimal for bulking and gaining lean mass. Upon starting the diet, negative side effects should be expected and prevented by increasing intake of electrolytes, fiber, and water. Exogenous ketones are currently not recommended.
COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE FRANGOS DE CORTE FÊMEAS COM 21 DIAS ALIMENTADAS COM NÍVEIS DE QUIRERA DE ARROZ NA DIETA
Authors: Da Silva Suelen Nunes , Brum Júnior Berilo De Souza , Valente Beatriz Simões , Manzke Naiana Enhardt , Lopes Débora Cristina Nichelle , Rutz Fernando , Xavier Eduardo Gonçalves
Published: June 2020

A produção e a exportação de frangos de corte são atividades de grande importância econômica no Brasil, nesse sentido, a busca por alimentos que reduzam o custo da dieta, sem interferir no tempo para atingir o peso de abate, é constante. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência de níveis de inclusão de quirera de arroz na dieta de frangos de corte, fêmeas, sobre a composição corporal. Foram utilizadas 160 fêmeas de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb com um dia de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado e divididas em quatro tratamentos: 0, 20, 40 e 60% de quirera de arroz, com 10 repetições. As dietas foram isocalóricas, isoprotéicas e isoaminoacídicas. Aos 21 dias foram selecionadas as aves mais pesadas de cada boxe para a avaliação da alometria, sendo eutanasiadas e evisceradas manualmente. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: comprimento corporal; pesos relativos de perna, peito, asa, coração, fígado, moela, jejuno, duodeno e íleo; comprimentos de peito, perna, aparelho digestório e intestino delgado; e profundidade de peito. As variáveis não foram afetadas significativamente pelos níveis de inclusão de quirera de arroz na dieta, exceto o peso relativo da moela que reduziu linearmente com o aumento da inclusão da quirera até o nível de 60%. Concluiu-se que a quirera de arroz pode ser incluída em até 60% na dieta sem afetar as características corporais de frangos de corte fêmeas abatidas com 21 dias de idade.
Editorial
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Ricardo Centeno
Published: June 2020

Editorial
Identification of Three FBN1 Mutations in Chinese Patients with Typical or Incomplete Marfan Syndrome by Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Fang Guangming , Miao Jinxin , Peng Ying , Zhai Yafei , Wang Chuchu , Zhao Xiaoyan , Wang Yaohe , Dong Jianzeng
Published: June 2020

Objective: The purpose of this work was to obtain the phenotypes and detect potential mutations in three Chinese patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) or incomplete MFS phenotypes.

Methods: Three unrelated patients with a definite or suspected clinical diagnosis of MFS and their family members were recruited for research. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of these patients and their family members. All the exons were sequenced by next-generation sequencing and the variants were further validated by Sanger sequencing. The functional consequences of the mutations were analyzed with various genomic resources and bioinformatics tools.

Results: Three FBN1 mutations were identified in the three patients, including one novel mutation (2125G > A) and two previously reported mutations (4786C > T and 6325C > T). It was interesting to note that the parents of these patients were normal as assessed by clinical features or genetic testing, but all these mutations were detected in their offspring, except for the variant 6325C > T. We also found that a few young members of the family of probands (proband 1 and proband 2) have exhibited no manifestations of MFS so far, although they carry the same disease-causing mutation.

Conclusions: We found three FBN1 mutations in three unrelated Chinese families with MFS by genome sequencing, and the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes in MFS patients needs further exploration.