bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Paradigms and Established Strategies in Tooth Revitalization: A Review
Authors: Khan Ahmad Shah , Khan Zahid Mehmood , Ishaque Palwasha , Zubair Muhammad , Zahra Syeda Fatima Tu , Ashfaq Sana
Published: September 2024

Revitalization has emerged as an innovative treatment approach for immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of revitalization, focusing on its principles, clinical protocols and outcomes. The article highlights the importance of thorough diagnosis and assessment of the pulp and peri-apical condition to determine the suitability of revitalization. Various factors influencing the success of revitalization, such as the use of scaffolds, growth factors and stem cells, are discussed. Additionally, a case that was treated with a PRP scaffold is also presented. Overall, revitalization shows promise in promoting pulp regeneration and improving treatment outcomes in selected cases of pulp necrosis.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To introduce research-based knowledge to GDPs about the procedure and prognosis of tooth revitalization.
Wisdom Tooth Extraction Training for Dental Students: Step-by-Step or All-in-One?
Authors: Yang Xiaobin , Yan Tinglin , Bao Zhexuan , Ouyang Kexiong , Huang Luo
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background For inexperienced dental students, impacted wisdom tooth extraction is a complex procedure involving a series of intricate steps. This study compared the effectiveness of step-by-step and all-in-one teaching methods for dental students learning impacted wisdom tooth extraction, by evaluating their practical abilities, understanding, and learning satisfaction.

Methods Fifty dental students were randomly assigned to either a step-by-step teaching group (Group S) or an all-in-one teaching group (Group A) for impacted wisdom tooth extraction training. Their skills were assessed using the Assessment of Competency in Exodontia Skills (ACES) scoring system, and their theoretical knowledge was tested in a test. The students also completed a questionnaire to gauge their satisfaction regarding the teaching method received.

Results The students in Group S demonstrated superior performance in clinical procedures compared to Group A, evidenced by the significantly higher ACES scores (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in theoretical exam scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). The students in Group S reported higher general satisfaction (p < 0.05), suggesting a preference for the step-by-step approach. The results also showed that satisfaction toward hands-on practice and teaching sessions significantly contributed to general satisfaction, while satisfaction with mastery of clinical skills did not.

Conclusion The step-by-step teaching method was more effective in improving students’ clinical skills and augmenting their satisfaction during impacted wisdom tooth extraction training. Our findings support the use of incremental learning approaches in dental education to enhance both clinical competencies and students’ learning experiences.
Sarcopenia Predicts Postoperative Complications and Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Surgery
Authors: Wang Jiwei , Chen Yi , He Jixin , Yin Chunmei , Xie Ming
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background Previous literature has indicated that sarcopenia is related to poor outcomes after radical resection for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its effect on the postoperative clinical outcomes of CRC remains controversial. This study aimed to elucidate the predictive value of sarcopenia for postoperative complications and survival in CRC patients.

Methods This investigation retrospectively assessed the clinical data of 226 CRC patients who underwent radical resection at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the recommendations of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019, and patients were categorized into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. Multivariate and univariate analyses were employed to assess the risk factors for postoperative complications. The Kaplan-Meier method and survival curve were used to analyze postoperative survival time. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate risk factors affecting the prognosis of CRC patients.

Results This investigation included 226 patients, of which 68 were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Furthermore, it was revealed that sarcopenia was linked with older age (p < 0.001), low body mass index (p < 0.001), high prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.002), high cystatin level (p = 0.017), and low 3rd lumbar spine (L3) planar skeletal muscle index (p < 0.001), but was not related to the tumour stage or the gender. Moreover, sarcopenia was also correlated with increased occurrence of all postoperative complications (p = 0.050). The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications (odds ratio (OR): 7.154; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.261–22.633; p = 0.017). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that sarcopenia patients had significantly lower 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) (48.5% vs 59.5%; log-rank p = 0.033) and 5-year overall survival (OS) (57.4% vs 77.2%; log-rank p < 0.001) rates. Sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for poor DFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.404; p = 0.016) and OS (HR = 1.290; p = 0.021).

Conclusion In CRC patients undergoing radical surgery, sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Sarcopenia may be a predictive factor for the prognosis and survival of CRC patients undergoing radical resection.
Ulusal Bağımsızlık Yolunda Bir Şair: Yanka Kupala
Authors: Kına İmge
Published: September 2024

Çarlık Rusya’sının yıkılması sonucunda pek çok devletin bir araya gelmesiyle kurulan Sovyetler Birliği’nin yönetim politikasında, birliğe bağlı olan her devletin kendi kaderini tayin etme hakkı bulunur. Bu hüküm her ne kadar yasalar çerçevesinde geçerli olsa da özellikle Lenin’in ölümünden sonra yönetimde merkeziyetçi yapı önemli bir noktaya taşınır. Ancak Sovyetler Birliği’nde yer alan devletlere mensup pek çok yazar, şair ve düşünür ortaya koydukları çalışmalarda devletinin ulusal özgünlüğünü ele alıp eserlerinde milliyetçi görüşlerini yansıtır. XX. yüzyıl Sovyet edebiyatında ulusal özgünlüğe önem verip çeşitli eserler kaleme alan Yanka Kupala da bu açıdan Belarus halkını, dilini ve geleneklerini her yönüyle ön plana çıkaran şairlerden biri olarak tanınır. Çalışmamızda Belaruslular için “halk kahramanı” sıfatıyla bilinen Yanka Kupala’nın ulusuna ait yerel ögeleri ve bağımsızlık özlemini yansıttığı farklı türdeki eserleri incelenecektir. Tarihsel perspektif üzerinden ele alacağımız eserler, dönem koşulları üzerinden değerlendirilecek olup şairin milliyetçilik ideolojisi ve ulus sevgisini ön plana çıkaran en belirgin örneklerle gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Aetiology of patient dissatisfaction following primary total knee arthroplasty in the era of robotic-assisted technology
Authors: Gardner Jonathan , Roman Elliott R. , Bhimani Rohat , Mashni Sam J. , Whitaker John E. , Smith Langan S. , Swiergosz Andrew , Malkani Arthur L.
Published: September 2024

Aims

Patient dissatisfaction following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with manual jig-based instruments has been reported to be as high as 30%. Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) has been increasingly used in an effort to improve patient outcomes, however there is a paucity of literature examining patient satisfaction after RA-TKA. This study aims to identify the incidence of patients who were not satisfied following RA-TKA and to determine factors associated with higher levels of dissatisfaction.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of 674 patients who underwent primary TKA between October 2016 and September 2020 with a minimum two-year follow-up. A five-point Likert satisfaction score was used to place patients into two groups: Group A were those who were very dissatisfied, dissatisfied, or neutral (Likert score 1 to 3) and Group B were those who were satisfied or very satisfied (Likert score 4 to 5). Patient demographic data, as well as preoperative and postoperative patient-reported outcome measures, were compared between groups.

Results

Overall, 45 patients (6.7%) were in Group A and 629 (93.3%) were in Group B. Group A (vs Group B) had a higher proportion of male sex (p = 0.008), preoperative chronic opioid use (p < 0.001), preoperative psychotropic medication use (p = 0.01), prior anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (p < 0.001), and preoperative symptomatic lumbar spine disease (p = 0.004). Group A was also younger (p = 0.023). Multivariate analysis revealed preoperative opioid use (p = 0.012), prior ACL reconstruction (p = 0.038), male sex (p = 0.006), and preoperative psychotropic medication use (p = 0.001) as independent predictive factors of patient dissatisfaction.

Conclusion

The use of RA-TKA demonstrated a high rate of patient satisfaction (629 of 674, 93.3%). Demographics for patients not satisfied following RA-TKA included: male sex, chronic opioid use, chronic psychotropic medication use, and prior ACL reconstruction. Patients in these groups should be identified preoperatively and educated on realistic expectations given their comorbid conditions.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):758–765.
Mechanisms of vascular injury in neurotrauma: A critical review of the literature
Authors: Willman Jonathan , Kurian Annu Lisa , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: September 2024

One in every two individuals will experience a traumatic brain injury in their lifetime with significant impacts on the global economy and healthcare system each year. Neurovascular injury is a key aspect of neurotrauma to both the brain and the spinal cord and an important avenue of current and future research seeking innovative therapies. In this paper, we discuss primary and secondary neurotrauma, mechanisms of injury, the glymphatic system, repair and recovery. Each of these topics are directly connected to the vasculature of the central nervous system, affecting severity of injury and recovery. Consequently, neurovascular injury in trauma represents a promising target for future therapeutics and innovation.
Incidence and predictors of hypocalcemia in end-stage renal disease patients on denosumab therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Abdul Hannan , Shaikh Misbah , Salman Afia , Fahim Muhammad Ahmed Ali , Batool Fizzah , Mari Tahreem , Musani Sarah , Fareed Muneeb , Rehan Rooma , Hassni Amna , Nizami Urooj , Amir Ayesha , Moeed Abdul , Surani Salim R
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Denosumab inhibits the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-ligand. It markedly increases bone mineral density and has been proven to reduce the risk of fractures. However, numerous adverse effects, notably hypocalcemia, are prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

AIM

To analyze the incidence and predictors of hypocalcemia caused by denosumab compared to control in patients with ESRD.

METHODS

We conducted this study in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central, and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception through March 2024. All original studies investigating the effects of denosumab on patients with ESRD compared to control were extracted. The primary outcomes of our study were the incidence of mild, severe, and very severe hypocalcemia. Secondary outcomes included serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphate. The results were pooled and analyzed using a random-effects model.

RESULTS

Seven articles comprising 3240 patients were included in our study. Patients treated with denosumab had a significantly increased incidence of mild hypocalcemia [risk ratio (RR): 2.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-7.91; P = 0.05; I ² = 37%] and of very severe hypocalcemia (RR: 9.58; 95%CI: 1.58-57.98; P = 0.01; I ² = 49%). However, an increase in the occurrence of severe hypocalcemia was non-significant (RR: 4.23; 95%CI: 0.47-38.34; P = 0.20; I ² = 96%). Alternatively, denosumab showed a significant decrease in serum intact parathyroid hormone [mean difference (MD): -433.20, 95%CI: -775.12 to -91.28, I 2 = 98%, P = 0.01], while there was a non-significant decrease in phosphate (MD: -0.47, 95%CI: -1.35 to 0.41, I 2 = 88%, P = 0.30) and calcium levels (MD: -0.33, 95%CI: -0.95 to 0.29, I 2 = 94%, P = 0.29).

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrated that denosumab is significantly associated with mild and very severe hypocalcemia in patients with ESRD making it necessary to detect and prevent this side effect of treatment.
Generation of polarization and coherence non-separable states in twisted partially coherent vector light
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Chen Jun , Li Jia-jie , Qi Guo-zhen , Qiu Qi , Zhang Yi-han , Zhong Jia-min
Published: September 2024

Non-separable optical beams have garnered significant attention due to their ability to mimic quantum entanglement in classical optics, unlocking interesting applications. However, a key limitation has been their confinement to fully coherent light beams. In this work, we introduce a new, to the best of our knowledge, concept called the non-separable partially coherent vector (NSPCV) beam, which exhibits unique non-separable correlation between polarization and partially coherent spatial modes, a correlation marked by the presence of the twist phase in the coherence degree of freedom. We investigated their transmission properties using polystyrene bead suspensions. Results show NSPCV beams exhibit superior stability compared to Gaussian beams. This work not only broadens the scope of non-separable optical beams but also promises higher robustness in strongly scattering media.
Illumination diversity in multiwavelength extreme ultraviolet ptychography
Authors: Pelekanidis Antonios , Zhang Fengling , Gouder Matthias , Seifert Jacob , Du Mengqi , Eikema Kjeld S. E. , Witte Stefan
Published: September 2024

With the development of high harmonic generation (HHG), lensless extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) imaging at nanoscale resolution has become possible with table-top systems. Specifically, ptychographic phase retrieval using monochromatic XUV illumination exhibits extraordinary robustness and accuracy to computationally reconstruct the object and the illumination beam profile. In ptychography, using structured illumination has been shown to improve reconstruction robustness and image resolution by enhancing high spatial-frequency diffraction. However, broadband imaging has remained challenging, as the required multiwavelength algorithms become increasingly demanding. One major aspect is the ability to separate the available information into different physically meaningful states, such as different spectral components. Here, we show that introducing spatial diversity between spectral components of an HHG beam can significantly improve the reconstruction quality in multiwavelength XUV ptychography. We quantify the diversity in the polychromatic illumination by analyzing the diffraction patterns using established geometry- and information-theory-based dissimilarity metrics. We experimentally verify the major influence of diversity by comparing ptychography measurements using HHG beams with Gaussian and binary structured profiles as well as with beams carrying wavelength-dependent orbital angular momentum. Our results demonstrate how structured illumination acts in twofold by separating the spectral information in a single diffraction pattern while providing maximized added information with every new scan position. We anticipate our work to be a starting point for high-fidelity polychromatic imaging of next-generation nanostructured devices at XUV and soft-X-ray wavelengths.
Genetic transformation of GmFBX322 gene and salt tolerance physiology in soybean
Authors: He Hongli , Zhang Yuhan , Xu Shengli , Zhang Xingzheng , Yang Xiangdong , Cheng Yunqing
Published: September 2024

Soybean is one of the most important food crops, breeding salt-tolerant soybean varieties is of great significance to alleviate soybean shortage. In this study, the F-box protein family homologous gene GmFBX322 was cloned from the soybean variety Williams 82 and overexpressed in the Shennong 9 soybean variety to further study and explore the physiological mechanism of soybean salt tolerance. GmFBX322 was constructed on the vector pTF101:35S, and integrated into the genome of Shennong 9 soybean variety by Agrobacterium EHA101-mediated cotyledonary node transformation technology, and 4 overexpressed transgenic lines were obtained, molecular assays were performed on the transformed plants. The expression of GmFBX322 was detected by qRT-PCR and it was found that the leaves of the 4 transgenic lines increased by 2.49, 2.46, 2.77, 2.95 times compared with the wild type; after salt treatment for 12 hours, it was found that the expression of wild type Shennong 9 Inducible expression of GmFBX322. After 72 hours of salt treatment, the leaves of wild-type Shennong 9 soybean plants showed obvious wilting and chlorosis, while the leaves of GmFBX322 plants overexpressing GmFBX322 showed no obvious changes. The leaves were taken at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours of salt stress to determine the antioxidant activity. Ability and osmotic adjustment level, etc. The results showed that the catalase activity in the leaves of the transgenic lines 2265, 2267, 2269, and 2271 was 2.47, 2.53, 3.59, 2.96 times that of the wild-type plant after 48 hours of salt treatment; the soluble sugar content was 1.22, 1.14, and 1.22 of the wild-type plant. 1.14, 1.57 times; the proline content is 2.20, 1.83, 1.65, 1.84 times of the wild type. After comparing the physiological indicators determined by the experiment, the transgenic lines performed better than the control group, indicating that overexpression of GmFBX322 can enhance the salt tolerance of soybean plants. To verify the function of GmFBX322 gene related to stress resistance, add it to the candidate gene of stress resistance, and provide scientific basis for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant varieties.
The media risk of infodemic in public health emergencies: Consequences and mitigation approaches
Authors: Shi Rui , Jia Xiaoran , Hu Yuhan , Wang Hao
Published: September 2024

This study explores the nuances of information sharing in the context of infodemics, with a concentrated examination of the effects of opinion leaders and information attention on users’ disposition towards sharing information during public health emergencies. The research adopts a quantitative methodology, employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to empirically test the proposed hypotheses. By employing a rigorous analytical framework, the research also scrutinizes the mediating role of risk perception in shaping users’ intentions to disseminate information related to public health emergencies. Additionally, it investigates the moderating effect of perceived usefulness, shedding light on how it influences the strength of the relationship between information attention and risk perception. The findings underscore the significance for public health communication strategies, emphasizing targeted messaging utilizing trusted opinion leaders and emphasizing information utility to foster responsible sharing. This research contributes to the academic conversation on infodemic management, providing empirical insights to guide policies and practices in mitigating misinformation during public health emergencies.
Developmental dyslexia in children with perinatal exposure to hypoxia: A systematic review
Authors: Radtke Bartosz M. , Lipowska Małgorzata , Bieleninik Łucja , Łada-Maśko Ariadna , Krempla-Patron Katarzyna , Nowicki Rafał , Gradys Gabriela , Brykała Anna , Pacuła Judyta , Arasimowicz Marek , Sajewicz-Radtke Urszula
Published: September 2024

Background

Research on a health-related event at the stage of labour and the occurrence of adverse outcomes at the school age has provided inconclusive results. Thus far, no systematic reviews have been conducted. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the association between hypoxia during pregnancy or delivery and the subsequent occurrence of a developmental dyslexia in school-age children.

Methods

We used a standard search strategy of electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) and handsearching. We included observational studies (cohort studies, case-control studies) that consider as an exposure the presence of hypoxia during pregnancy or delivery, and as an outcome, developmental dyslexia in school-age children. Two reviewers independently conducted the search and determined eligibility, which was not restricted by language or year of publication.

Results

The search took place until 1 April 2023. Of the 1,336 abstracts screened, 6 were assessed for eligibility. Of the six eligible studies, no studies met the pre-specified eligibly criteria.

Conclusions

We were unable to assess the association between hypoxia and developmental dyslexia, as no eligible studies were found. Thus, the association between hypoxia during pregnancy or delivery and dyslexia in school-age children remains unknown.
Neglected errors in ligament reconstruction surgery may increase graft-tunnel mismatch: A biomechanical study
Authors: Xu Hongwei , Jiang Weichao , Du Songying , Zhu Honggang , Sun Rui , Bai Xuejian , Wu Bo , Li Qun , Huo Da , Yang Huaiyu
Published: September 2024

Tunnel widening is a frequent problem following arthroscopic ligament reconstruction surgery that may primarily arise from a graft-tunnel mismatch caused by errors in surgical instruments and methods. The present study aimed to observe the influence of current surgical instruments and methods on graft-tunnel matching. We established an in vitro model using porcine Achilles tendons and tibias, and compared traditional surgical instruments (control group) with custom instruments (experimental group). Graft measurements, bone-tunnel creation, and measurements of the maximum pullout force of the graft from the bone tunnel were performed. Results indicated that the measuring gauge developed by our research group (capable of accurate measurement of graft diameters) may mitigate errors arising from graft-diameter measurement using traditional measuring cylinders. Therefore, errors caused by current surgical instruments and surgical methods led to an increase in graft-tunnel mismatches. The degree of mismatch was greater at the tibial end than at the femoral end.
The “opinion matching effect” (OME): A subtle but powerful new form of influence that is apparently being used on the internet
Authors: Epstein Robert , Huang Yunyi , Megerdoomian Miles , Zankich Vanessa R.
Published: September 2024

In recent years, powerful new forms of influence have been discovered that the internet has made possible. In the present paper, we introduce another new form of influence which we call the “opinion matching effect” (OME). Many websites now promise to help people form opinions about products, political candidates, and political parties by first administering a short quiz and then informing people how closely their answers match product characteristics or the views of a candidate or party. But what if the matching algorithm is biased? We first present data from real opinion matching websites, showing that responding at random to their online quizzes can produce significantly higher proportions of recommendations for one political party or ideology than one would expect by chance. We then describe a randomized, controlled, counterbalanced, double-blind experiment that measured the possible impact of this type of matching on the voting preferences of real, undecided voters. With data obtained from a politically diverse sample of 773 eligible US voters, we observed substantial shifts in voting preferences toward our quiz’s favored candidate–between 51% and 95% of the number of people who had supported that candidate before we administered and scored the quiz. These shifts occurred without any participants showing any awareness of having been manipulated. In summary, in the present study we show not only that OME is a large effect; we also show that biased online questionnaires exist that might be shifting people’s opinions without their knowledge.
Psychometric evaluation of the Polish adaptation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C)
Authors: Kubicka Karolina , Trzcińska Agata , Gambin Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

Positive body image is crucial in fostering self-esteem, mental well-being, and positive social functioning. However, our understanding of its development and role in school-aged children remains limited due to a scarcity of measures available for this age group across various countries and cultures. To bridge this gap, the aim of this study was to adapt the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C) for Polish children aged 8–13 years. A total of 206 children completed BAS-2C to measure positive body image, the Figures Rating Scale to measure body satisfaction, and the Self-Perception Profile for Children to measure self-esteem. Parents provided information about their child’s weight and height, which enabled analysis of a child’s BMI. The results showed that the Polish version of BAS-2C exhibited a unidimensional factor structure, invariance across sex and age groups, and also provided evidence of very good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. BAS-2C scores were correlated positively with Figures Rating Scale, physical appearance and global self-esteem and were related negatively to age and BMI index, and weight group. Moreover, our research indicates that in older children, there are stronger correlations between positive body image and both global and physical appearance self-esteem, compared to younger children. The Polish version of BAS-2C has excellent psychometric properties and is appropriate for use with children aged 8–13 years.
Myosteatosis and the clinical outcomes of patients with liver cirrhosis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xue Haojie , Liu Yihan , Liu Yang , Li Han , Liang Qian , Ma Longhui , Liu Junying , Zhao Ming
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the potential correlation between myosteatosis and the prognosis of patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis by a meta-analysis.

Methods

Cohort studies of relevance were acquired through comprehensive searches of the Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases. To account for heterogeneity, a random-effects model was employed to combine the findings.

Results

The meta-analysis included 10 retrospective and four prospective cohort studies, encompassing a total of 4287 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis. The pooled findings indicated a notable decline in transplant-free survival (TFS) among individuals with liver cirrhosis and myosteatosis compared to those without this condition (risk ratio: 1.94; 95% confidence interval: 1.61 to 2.34, p < 0.001; I2 = 49%). The predefined subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent findings across various categories, including Asian and non-Asian studies, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, patients with cirrhosis overall and those who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, studies with different follow-up durations (< or ≥ 24 months), studies employing univariate and multivariate analyses, and studies with and without an adjustment for sarcopenia (p > 0.05 for all subgroup differences). Additionally, Egger’s regression test indicated the presence of significant publication bias (p = 0.044). However, trim-and-fill analysis by including three hypothesized studies showed consistent results.

Conclusions

The presence of myosteatosis in individuals diagnosed with liver cirrhosis may potentially be linked to a poor TFS prognosis. Further investigations are required to ascertain whether enhancing myosteatosis could potentially yield a survival advantage for this particular patient population.
Compressive strength prediction and low-carbon optimization of fly ash geopolymer concrete based on big data and ensemble learning
Authors: Jiang Peiling , Zhao Diansheng , Jin Cheng , Ye Shan , Luan Chenchen , Tufail Rana Faisal
Published: September 2024

Portland cement concrete (PCC) is a major contributor to human-made CO2 emissions. To address this environmental impact, fly ash geopolymer concrete (FAGC) has emerged as a promising low-carbon alternative. This study establishes a robust compressive strength prediction model for FAGC and develops an optimal mixture design method to achieve target compressive strength with minimal CO2 emissions. To develop robust prediction models, comprehensive factors, including fly ash characteristics, mixture proportions, curing parameters, and specimen types, are considered, a large dataset comprising 1136 observations is created, and polynomial regression, genetic programming, and ensemble learning are employed. The ensemble learning model shows superior accuracy and generalization ability with an RMSE value of 1.81 MPa and an R2 value of 0.93 in the experimental validation set. Then, the study integrates the developed strength model with a life cycle assessment-based CO2 emissions model, formulating an optimal FAGC mixture design program. A case study validates the effectiveness of this program, demonstrating a 16.7% reduction in CO2 emissions for FAGC with a compressive strength of 50 MPa compared to traditional trial-and-error design. Moreover, compared to PCC, the developed FAGC achieves a substantial 60.3% reduction in CO2 emissions. This work provides engineers with tools for compressive strength prediction and low carbon optimization of FAGC, enabling rapid and highly accurate design of concrete with lower CO2 emissions and greater sustainability.
Hit screening with multivariate robust outlier detection
Authors: Leong Hui Sun , Zhang Tianhui , Corrigan Adam , Serrano Alessia , Künzel Ulrike , Mullooly Niamh , Wiggins Ceri , Wang Yinhai , Novick Steven
Published: September 2024

Hit screening, which involves the identification of compounds or targets capable of modulating disease-relevant processes, is an important step in drug discovery. Some assays, such as image-based high-content screenings, produce complex multivariate readouts. To fully exploit the richness of such data, advanced analytical methods that go beyond the conventional univariate approaches should be employed. In this work, we tackle the problem of hit identification in multivariate assays. As with univariate assays, a hit from a multivariate assay can be defined as a candidate that yields an assay value sufficiently far away in distance from the mean or central value of inactives. Viewed another way, a hit is an outlier from the distribution of inactives. A method was developed for identifying multivariate hit in high-dimensional data sets based on principal components and robust Mahalanobis distance (the multivariate analogue to the Z- or T-statistic). The proposed method, termed mROUT (multivariate robust outlier detection), demonstrates superior performance over other techniques in the literature in terms of maintaining Type I error, false discovery rate and true discovery rate in simulation studies. The performance of mROUT is also illustrated on a CRISPR knockout data set from in-house phenotypic screening programme.
Markedness Neutralisation and the Unity of Opposites in Heraclitus
Authors: Begley Keith
Published: September 2024

In this article, I shed new light on a misunderstood aspect of Heraclitus’ style.  The opposites employed by Heraclitus are often of equal status except that one member of each pair may also appear as a designation for the encompassing whole. I begin by discussing two interpretations of this phenomenon, which were put forward by Roman Dilcher and Alexander Mourelatos. The phenomenon is, I suggest, better understood as being an example of what is known as markedness neutralisation. I argue that this phenomenon should be interpreted as further undermining what Mourelatos identified as a naïve paratactic metaphysics of mere things (NMT), to which Heraclitus was reacting by beginning to develop a hypotactic metaphysics of hierarchies and dependencies as part of a view of the world as being logos-textured. Further, I consider a series of three problems that were put forward by Dilcher, which he thinks must be addressed by anyone who claims that Heraclitus held a unity of opposites thesis. I also consider some related issues, and provide some responses.
On the interdependence between contents and literary forms in Parmenides’ Poem
Authors: Costa Alexandre , Garcia Moreira Gomes José Augusto
Published: September 2024

Starting from the identification and characterization of three literary forms that coexist throughout Parmenides’ Poem, all of them plainly different from each other, it is proposed and demonstrated that such a variety of forms mirrors the delimitation of the different ways of thought and language elaborated by Parmenidic philosophy, in which at least two types of nature of knowledge must be recognized: the logical and the cosmological. The first, marked by a formally logical-argumentative speech which is given the name of truth (aletheia) and whose way of thinking is exclusively noetic; the second, of a theoretical-descriptive nature, dedicated to the consideration of the movement proper to cosmic phenomena, whose devenir demands an equally mobile way of thinking (phronein).
On the Counterpoint of Rhythm and Meter: Poetics of Dislocation and Anomalous Versification in Parmenides’ Poem
Authors: Berruecos Frank Bernardo
Published: September 2024

In ancient times, authors such as Plutarch and Proclus questioned Parmenides’ abilities as a poet considering his Poem to be ‘prose in disguise’. Harsh judgments concerning Parmenides’ style are pervasive even in modern scholarship (Diels 1897, Wilamowitz 1912, Tarán 1977, Kirk & Raven 1977). This paper focuses on specific metrical and rhythmic devices used consistently in the composition of the Poem, that I will refer to, collectively, as ‘poetic dislocation’. This term encompasses the
blurring and cancellation of the central caesura, the tendency to break Hermann’s bridge with varying degrees of intensity, the accumulation of enjambment in groups of verses, the use of non-traditional lexicon of the epic genre and the placement of Homeric lexicon in non-Homeric hexameter collocations. My attempt is to prove that these procedures are an integral part of Parmenides’ poetic style. I will also present an analysis of Parmenides’ versification focusing on the rhythmic patterns and the organization of caesura, especially in fr. B8.
TIC y educomunicación en la pedagogía Montessori del contexto digital andaluz
Authors: Prieto-Medel Cinta , García-Rojas Antonio Daniel , Gómez Ángel Hernando , García Prieto Francisco Javier
Published: September 2024

El presente estudio de casos múltiples analiza de forma directa a la que actualmente se declara como una de las propuestas alternativas más representativas de la innovación educativa. Con el objetivo de conocer el papel de la educomunicación y el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en ocho escuelas montessorianas de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía, se diseña una metodología mixta con diversos instrumentos que se complementan y facilitan la triangulación: hoja de observación, cuestionario semiabierto realizado por guías Montessori en activo, notas de campo y registro fotográfico. Los resultados muestran que los recursos digitales están presentes en seis de las ocho realidades estudiadas; la integración de las TIC surge en la etapa de Educación Primaria con el fin de buscar información y que los docentes no priorizan el uso de las pantallas, pues la competencia digital, tanto docente como discente, no es considerada relevante para la práctica. Como conclusión, se señalan algunos de los valores que comparten el concepto de educomunicación y la filosofía de María Montessori como método científico que promueve la interacción, esbozada lejos de la era digital.
HOME OFFICE E COVID-19
Authors: Rauber de Freitas Maiara , Sgarbossa Maira , Rebelato Mozzato Anelise
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) de trabalhadoras de diversos cargos e ocupações, em regime de trabalho home office, compreendendo como foi o processo de adaptação ao contexto imposto pela pandemia da covid-19.
Design/metodologia/abordagem: Pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se da entrevista on-line, com roteiro semiestruturado como técnica de coleta de dados. Valeu-se da técnica bola de neve para se chegar nas oito mulheres que estavam em regime home office em virtude da pandemia da covid-19. Os dados foram verificados por meio da análise de conteúdo, com categorias definidas a priori.
Resultados: Permitem identificar a adaptação das trabalhadoras frente à pandemia da covid-19 e ao home office, a influência desse regime de trabalho na rotina pessoal e profissional, na qualidade de vida (QV) e QVT e os impactos na saúde física e mental, os quais dependem, sobretudo, do contexto em que cada trabalhadora vive e trabalha. Observou-se que o maior impacto na vida das profissionais não foi o home office, mas a pandemia como um todo, que trouxe um misto de sentimentos e desafios.
Originalidade/valor: O valor do estudo está na sua contribuição teórica, prática e social ao trabalhar com dilemas e desafios do home office vivenciados no momento pandêmico. Ademais, o trabalho enseja às organizações maior atenção ao bem-estar dos trabalhadores, repensando questões relacionadas a QV e QVT que, automaticamente, repercute em uma sociedade mais saudável e feliz.
CASO WEMOBI
Authors: Valadão Amanda , Fernandes Bruno , Russo Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Dilema - Um dilema imediato e evidente é a escolha entre alavancar a empresa via pipeline ou plataforma. Outra consideração importante, embora menos explícita, são os trade-offs entre escalabilidade, controle da qualidade e limitação de responsabilidade em plataformas digitais.
Objetivo Educacional - Após a discussão deste caso, espera-se que os alunos sejam capazes de: a) Compreender as principais características de negócios dos tipos pipeline e plataforma; b) Entender a diferença de escalabilidade entre pipelines e plataformas digitais; c) Compreender o trade-off entre escalabilidade e controle de qualidade em plataformas digitais; d) Entender o trade-off entre controle de qualidade e limitação de responsabilidade em plataformas digitais.
Contextualização - Thiego Paes, Head of Business Development na Wemobi, examina possíveis estratégias para ampliar as operações da empresa, uma plataforma digital brasileira que conecta passageiros e empresas de ônibus.
Tema Principal - A escalabilidade de plataformas digitais no segmento de transporte rodoviário de passageiros no Brasil.
Público - O caso é recomendado para alunos de graduação ou pós-graduação em cursos ligados à área de administração. Sua aplicação é indicada para disciplinas de estratégia, transformação digital e inovação.
Originalidade/Valor - O caso se distingue por explorar conceitos de plataformas digitais aplicados ao setor de transporte rodoviário de passageiros no Brasil. Ao focar nos desafios enfrentados por uma startup brasileira nesse âmbito, o caso oferece um valor único para enriquecer discussões relativas à transformação digital nesse setor.
A INOVAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DIGITAL ENTRE AS PRÁTICAS LABORAIS DE PROFISSIONAIS DE ECONOMIA CRIATIVA E TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: de Souza-Leão André Luiz Maranhão , Moura Bruno Melo , Sampaio Ana Carolina Assis , Morais Jéssica Maria Vasconcelos de
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é compreender como os profissionais caracterizam suas práticas laborais inseridos no contexto digital.
Metodologia: Foram realizadas 19 entrevistas com profissionais das áreas de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e economia criativa, utilizando-se do método de entrevista longa, escrutinadas por meio de análise de conteúdo interpretativa.
Resultados: Os achados evidenciaram práticas laborais imbricadas e imersas ao ambiente tecnológico digital, revelando uma adaptação necessária e preditiva por parte dos profissionais.
Limitações: As limitações da pesquisa, por sua vez, se vinculam aos aspectos metodológicos em relação à (a) delimitação e (b) quantidade e escolha dos respondentes.
Implicações práticas: A pesquisa contribui para o campo ao apresentar como as práticas profissionais da inovação são expressas empiricamente nas atividades dos profissionais da inovação.
Implicações sociais: Os resultados podem servir de base para a gestão do trabalho dos profissionais de inovação e sua adequada formação, bem como para a elaboração de políticas públicas no campo da inovação.
Originalidade: A prática profissional da inovação forma um importante construto, ainda pouco investigado pela área.
PRÁTICAS DE GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Henz Jader Luiz , Oliveira Mirian
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é analisar as principais práticas de Gestão do Conhecimento em Escolas de Educação Básica Privadas e Confessionais no Brasil.
Design | metodologia | abordagem: Esta pesquisa adotou a metodologia qualitativa, utilizando o estudo de caso múltiplo que envolveu diretores, supervisores e coordenadores de colégios privados de distintas redes de ensino confessionais. Foram entrevistados, de novembro de 2022 a março de 2023, sete gestores de quatro tradicionais escolas de educação básica confessionais.
Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que é unânime o entendimento da importância da Gestão do Conhecimento nas práticas de gestão escolar, porém a formalidade e maturidade com que a Gestão do Conhecimento é implementada é diferente entre as instituições de ensino estudadas. Foram identificadas práticas de GC categorizadas em sete dimensões: diagnóstico, tipos de conhecimento, alta administração, tecnologia, aprendizagem, dificuldades e benefícios.
Implicação teórica: Como contribuição teórica, este trabalho aprofunda o conhecimento sobre a Gestão do Conhecimento na Educação Básica em instituições privadas confessionais.
Implicações práticas: As contribuições práticas apresentam aos gestores uma possibilidade de analisar esses resultados em relação à sua realidade e identificar possíveis melhorias a serem adotadas.
Originalidade: A originalidade da pesquisa está na investigação das práticas de Gestão do Conhecimento em um perfil de escolas da Educação Básica que, segundo a literatura, é um tema pouco explorado nas pesquisas.
BOT-CIDADÃO
Authors: Angeluci Alan César Belo , Girardi Júnior Liráucio , Ruiz Marcelo Fernandes
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Criar uma solução para zeladoria que busca superar problemas de literacia digital nas áreas periféricas da cidade de São Paulo e captar dados de qualidade para a administração pública.
Design | metodologia | abordagem: Utilizar a metodologia do Design Science Research, de processo iterativo que busca desenvolver versões de um protótipo a serem validadas por testes com usuários e, com base no conceito de SmartCities, desenvolver uma tecnologia de e-Gov participativa.
Resultados: O estudo resultou na criação de um protótipo de canal de comunicação para problemas de zeladoria urbana utilizando chatbots, especificamente o WhatsApp, devido à sua ampla aceitação. Os dados foram categorizados para serem captados eficientemente pelo robô e enviados ao Data Center da administração para tabulação e otimização, cruzando-os com outros bancos de dados públicos. Testes com o público-alvo mostraram que o protótipo supera problemas de literacia digital e mantém a eficiência na comunicação de dados.
Implicações práticas: A implementação dessa tecnologia pode melhorar significativamente a eficiência dos serviços de zeladoria urbana, tornando-os mais acessíveis e inclusivos.
Implicações sociais: A tecnologia proposta promove a inclusão digital e a participação cidadã, especialmente em áreas periféricas, empoderando a comunidade.
Originalidade / valor: O valor do estudo reside na inovação de utilizar chatbots comuns, como o WhatsApp, para superar barreiras de literacia digital e melhorar a comunicação entre a população e a administração pública, demonstrando um caminho eficaz para a governança urbana inteligente.
Escala de Motivação Turística (EMT): uma forma de mensuração para investigação em contextos brasileiros
Authors: Schuster Marcelo da Silva , Da Veiga Dias Valéria
Published: September 2024

Apesar do crescente reconhecimento da importância da pesquisa sobre o comportamento do consumidor no âmbito do turismo, tanto por gestores, agentes do setor turístico quanto por órgãos governamentais, ainda persiste uma lacuna significativa na compreensão das motivações subjacentes aos turistas brasileiros. Este estudo tem como objetivo propor uma Escala de Motivação Turística (EMT) no contexto brasileiro. O processo investigativo incluiu uma revisão lexical meticulosa de estudos prévios, acessados por bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, a fim de estabelecer uma base sólida de motivações ligadas ao turismo. A EMT foi aplicada a uma amostra de 974 consumidores de turismo, sendo sujeita a procedimentos rígidos de validação, demonstrando sua integridade e confiabilidade com suas 15 variáveis distribuídas em três fatores distintos. A aplicação da EMT viabiliza a análise dos fatores impulsionadores do engajamento dos consumidores em atividades turísticas e na escolha de destinos, permitindo uma investigação detalhada das discrepâncias e identificação dos estímulos mais relevantes para o destino em foco.
Breast Cancer Rises Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Women
Authors:   California State University, Sacramento, Reese Phillip H.
Published: September 2024

About 11,000 Asian American and Pacific Islander women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2021 and about 1,500 died. The latest federal data shows the rate of new breast cancer diagnoses in Asian American and Pacific Islander women — a group that once had relatively low rates of diagnosis — is rising much faster than that of many other racial and ethnic groups.
Genre analysis of English article abstracts in Ecuadorian and North American journals
Authors: Tovar Viera Vicente Rodrigo
Published: September 2024

Az online keresések és a digitális könyvtárak korában a tudományos közlemények kivonatainak fontossága talán megkérdőjelezhetetlen. Ennek eredményeképpen a nyelvközi kutatások jelentős figyelmet kapnak, különösen a korpusznyelvészet területén. Számos kutatás foglalkozik az absztraktok tartalmi és szerkezeti változatosságával. Jelen disszertáció az észak-amerikai és ecuadori folyóiratokban (NA&EJ) megjelent absztraktokat hasonlítja össze, a humán és természettudományokat figyelembe véve. A korpuszelemzés 240 angol nyelvű absztraktból állt: 120 észak-amerikaiból és 120 ecuadoriból. A felülről lefelé és alulról felfelé irányuló megközelítés azonosította a retorikai lépéseket, és meghúzta a köztük lévő határokat. Az angol nyelvű korpuszok szoftveres szövegelemzésen mentek keresztül. Az L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer a szintaktikai komplexitást méri, míg a Lextutor Vocab Profile a lexikai gazdagságot. A nyelvi elemzők kimenetének elemzéséhez az SPSS statisztikai szoftvert használtam. Az eredmények nyolc lépésből álló retorikai szerveződést mutattak ki, négy visszatérő lépéssel. Jelentős eltérés mutatkozott az általános mondatösszetettségben, az alárendelések mennyiségében és a kifejezések kifinomultságának mértékében. Ettől függetlenül, bár a szintaktikai komplexitás átlagai között volt eltérés, nem találtam statisztikai különbségeket a szakterületek között és a négy szintaktikai dimenzió között a tudományágakon átívelően. A lexikai sűrűség és a lexikai kifinomultság között voltak különbségek, de a lexikai változatosság arányában nem. Annak ellenére, hogy az NA&EJ-ben található absztraktok kiterjedt szókincset és változatos mondatszerkezet-típusokat használtak, hasonló nyelvi eredmények és kohéziós eszközök alakultak ki a publikációs kontextustól és a tudományágtól függetlenül. Jelen tanulmány értékes betekintést nyújt az absztraktokban használt visszatérő retorikai, lexikai és szintaktikai szerkezetek vizsgálatába. Ideális esetben a kutatási eredmények feltárják a tényleges nyelvhasználatot a tudományos írásokban.