bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Special Issue on the work of Luc Boltanski
Authors: Browne Craig
Published: October 2014

This introduction to a special issue of Thesis Eleven devoted to the work of Luc Boltanski overviews the various contributions to the issue, including the interview it contains with Luc Boltanski that was conducted by Craig Browne. Boltanski is described as challenging formulaic approaches in sociology and as developing instead novel theoretical insights and an innovative pragmatist methodology. It is suggested that these innovations are complemented by Boltanski’s substantial investigations into empirical developments. Links are drawn between the themes of Boltanski’s work, especially on the new spirit of capitalism, and Peter Murphy’s book The Collective Imagination, which is the subject of a review essay article by Craig Browne. Peter Murphy is one of the other contributors to the issue, along with Paul Blokker and Simon Susen. The papers engage with various features of Boltanski’s work, especially the topics of critique, democracy, capitalism, and ideology.
Effect of total solids content on methane and volatile fatty acid production in anaerobic digestion of food waste
Authors: Liotta Flavia , d’Antonio Giuseppe , Esposito Giovanni , Fabbricino Massimiliano , van Hullebusch Eric D , Lens Piet NL , Pirozzi Francesco , Pontoni Ludovico
Published: October 2014

This work investigates the role of the moisture content on anaerobic digestion of food waste, as representative of rapidly biodegradable substrates, analysing the role of volatile fatty acid production on process kinetics. A range of total solids from 4.5% to 19.2% is considered in order to compare methane yields and kinetics of reactors operated under wet to dry conditions. The experimental results show a reduction of the specific final methane yield of 4.3% and 40.8% in semi-dry and dry conditions compared with wet conditions. A decreasing trend of the specific initial methane production rate is observed when increasing the total solids concentration. Because of lack of water, volatile fatty acids accumulation occurs during the first step of the process at semi-dry and dry conditions, which is considered to be responsible for the reduction of process kinetic rates. The total volatile fatty acids concentration and speciation are proposed as indicators of process development at different total solids content.
Descriptors of Friendship Between Secondary Students With and Without Autism or Intellectual and Developmental Disability
Authors: Rossetti Zachary
Published: October 2014

This article reports findings from an interpretevist, qualitative study exploring the connections and dynamics of friendship among three groups of secondary school-aged young adults. Each group included an individual with autism or intellectual and developmental disabilities who had extensive or pervasive support needs, and at least one high school student without disabilities. Data were collected through naturalistic observation and semi-structured interviews of the friends in two public high schools and one after-school dance program. Data were analyzed inductively to examine how the students enacted their friendships on a daily basis and how they made meaning of their friendships practically and conceptually. The thematic findings included (a) excitement and motivation, (b) shared humor, (c) normalized supports, (d) mutual benefits, and (e) differing conceptions of friendships. Implications of the findings, including descriptors of friendship and a broader conceptualization of reciprocity, are discussed.
Initial observations on using magnesium metal in peripheral nerve repair
Authors: Vennemeyer JJ , Hopkins T , Hershcovitch M , Little KD , Hagen MC , Minteer D , Hom DB , Marra K , Pixley SK
Published: October 2014

Biodegradable magnesium metal filaments placed inside biodegradable nerve conduits might provide the physical guidance support needed to improve the rate and extent of regeneration of peripheral nerves across injury gaps. In this study, we examined basic issues of magnesium metal resorption and biocompatibility by repairing sub-critical size gap injuries (6 mm) in one sciatic nerve of 24 adult male Lewis rats. Separated nerve stumps were connected with poly(caprolactone) nerve conduits, with and without magnesium filaments (0.25 mm diameter, 10 mm length), with two different conduit filler substances (saline and keratin hydrogel). At 6 weeks after implantation, magnesium degradation was examined by micro-computed tomography and histological analyses. Magnesium degradation was significantly greater when the conduits were filled with an acidic keratin hydrogel than with saline ( p < 0.05). But magnesium filaments in some animals remained intact for 6 weeks. Using histological and immunocytochemical analyses, good biocompatibility of the magnesium implants was observed at 6 weeks, as shown by good development of regenerating nerve mini-fascicles and only mild inflammation in tissues even after complete degradation of the magnesium. Nerve regeneration was not interrupted by complete magnesium degradation. An initial functional evaluation, determination of size recovery of the gastrocnemius muscle, showed a slight improvement due to magnesium with the saline but not the keratin filler, compared with respective control conduits without magnesium. These results suggest that magnesium filament implants have the potential to improve repair of injured peripheral nerve defects in this rodent model.
The effect of osteotomy dimension on osseointegration to resorbable media-treated implants: A study in the sheep
Authors: Galli Silvia , Jimbo Ryo , Tovar Nick , Yoo Daniel Y , Anchieta Rodolfo B , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Coelho Paulo G
Published: October 2014

The drilling technique and the surface characteristics are known to influence the healing times of oral implants. The influence of osteotomy dimension on osseointegration of microroughned implant surfaces treated with resorbable blasting media was tested in an in vivo model.

Ninety-six implants (ø4.5 mm, 8 mm in length) with resorbable blasting media-treated surfaces were placed in the ileum of six sheep. The final osteotomy diameters were 4.6 mm (reamer), 4.1 mm (loose), 3.7 mm (medium), and 3.2 mm (tight). After three and six weeks of healing, the implants were biomechanically tested and histologically evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using Page L trend test for ordered and paired sample and linear regression, with significance level at p < 0.05.

An overall increase in all dependent variables was observed with the reduction of osteotomy diameter. In addition, all osseointegration scores increased over time. At three weeks, the retention was significantly higher for smaller osteotomies. The histological sections depicted intimate contact of bone with all the implant surfaces and osteoblast lines were visible in all sections.

The resorbable blasting media microroughed surfaces achieved successful osseointegration for all the instrumentation procedures tested, with higher osseointegration scores for the high insertion torque group.
Antibacterial wound dressing from chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers mats embedded with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Cheng Feng , Gao Jing , Wang Lu
Published: October 2014

Novel antibacterial nanomaterials have been developed for biomedical applications. The present study involves the preparation and properties of antibacterial nanofibers from chitosan/polyethylene oxide electrospun nanofibers incorporated with silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were efficiently synthesized in situ after ultra violet (UV) with AgNO3 as precursor and chitosan/polyethylene oxide as reducing agent and protecting agent, respectively. Then the resultant solutions were electrospun into nanofibers. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed with ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the electrospun nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray. The resultant fibers exhibited uniform morphology with silver nanoparticles distributed throughout the fiber. Also, the fibers showed certain tensile strength and excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli) bacteria. Sustained release of silver nanoparticles from fibers could last for over 72 h. The silver-containing chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers showed excellent cytocompatibility.
A novel spray painting robotic device for the coating process in automotive industry
Authors: Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun , Wu Chao , Zhang Pan
Published: October 2014

This paper proposes a novel concept for the spray painting robotic device, which is to be used in the coating process of the automotive industry. In order to realize compact design and simultaneously get better performance in terms of running speed and dynamic response, parallel kinematic mechanisms (PKMs) are introduced in this concept. In conjunction with the gantry beam, four standalone spray painting units are assigned and two kinds of PKMs (i.e. 3-RPS PKM and 5 R symmetrical PKM, R: revolute joint; P: prismatic joint; S: spherical joint) are used as the execution mechanisms of the four spray painting units. Based on this concept design, the kinematic optimization of the device is carried out by taking the motion/force transmission performance into consideration and the geometric parameters are derived. Sequentially, a prototype is developed and its performance in the coating process is investigated by a series of spray painting experiments on a Jetta car body and a SUV car body. The finished surfaces have good quality in terms of luster, uniformity, and thickness. Thus, this newly developed spray painting robotic device provides a better choice or solution for the coating task in automotive industry, and has good application prospect in this field.
A full-scale physical model test apparatus for investigating the dynamic performance of the slab track system of a high-speed railway
Authors: Bian Xuecheng , Jiang Hongguang , Chen Yunmin , Jiang Jianqun , Han Jie
Published: October 2014

This study involves the development of a full-scale physical model test apparatus to investigate the dynamic performance of the slab track system of a high-speed railway. A portion of a railway ballastless track with embankment and underlying soil strata was built inside a steel box (15 m long, 5 m wide and 6 m high). A sequential-load-generating system consisting of eight high-performance actuators was developed to apply a load that was equivalent to that generated by a train moving at speeds up to 360 km/h. Two loading conditions can be implemented in the tests, a stationary cyclic loading (using one actuator) or a simulated moving train loading (using all eight actuators). Three test cases were performed to demonstrate the capacity of the proposed test facility. The first case was to test the load-sharing ratio of fasteners beneath the rails to determine the load distribution on the track slab. A formula, based on the test results, was proposed to determine the transfer process of the loads between the train wheel and the rail fasteners. The second case was a stationary cyclic loading test, which applied loads with varying frequencies to the rails using a single actuator. The resonance frequency of the track/embankment/soil system was determined in these tests to be about 16 Hz, which coincided with theoretically computed results and field measurements. The final case was to simulate the dynamic excitation resulting from the passage of a train on the track at various speeds (up to 360 km/h). The test results on track vibrations in the physical model test showed reasonably good agreement with field measurements. These three test cases fully demonstrate the ability of the newly developed full-scale test facility to simulate dynamic excitation from trains and its ability to explore the dynamic performance of railway structures under train loadings.
The value of a multi-specialty service, including genitourinary medicine, dermatology and urology input, in the management of male genital dermatoses
Authors: Pearce J , Fernando I
Published: October 2014

We undertook a retrospective case note review of our monthly multi-specialty penile dermatoses clinic (which includes clinicians from Genitourinary medicine, Dermatology and Urology), to examine conditions presenting to the service, and compare clinical management and outcomes with other similar services in the UK. Over the 3-year study period, 226 patients were reviewed over 240 individual episodes. Lichenoid conditions were the most common category of genital pathologies seen (n = 60, 24%), but non-specific balanitis was the most common individual diagnosis (n = 55, 22%). Other common conditions seen included eczema and psoriasis (n = 28, 11%), Zoon/plasma cell balanitis (n = 26, 10%), malignancy/pre-malignant change (n = 25, 10%) and infective conditions (n = 24, 9%). The clinic had a biopsy rate of 10%; the most common indication was for confirmation of a clinical suspicion of malignancy/pre-malignancy. There was a high clinical-to-histological correlation in the biopsies of 79%. The most common treatment prescribed was topical corticosteroids and the clinic had a high discharge rate of 93%, the majority of patients discharged back to General Practice.
A farewell to didanosine: harm reduction and cost savings by eliminating use of didanosine
Authors: Dziuban Eric J , Raizes Elliot , Koumans Emilia H
Published: October 2014

Didanosine (ddI) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor associated with adverse events and public health concerns which have diminished its place in HIV clinical practice, particularly in resource-rich settings. While international guidelines do not contain ddI-containing regimens in preferred first- or second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is no guidance for management of patients currently on ddI. In 2012 at least 20 countries purchased a total of $1–2 million of ddI. Drug purchase data in that year show 3.2–10.3 times higher costs for ddI compared to lamivudine (3TC). Given issues of multiple toxicities, monitoring, drug interactions, inconvenience, and virologic efficacy, as well as cost and formulary concerns, national (including resource-limited setting) ART programmes should consider complete phase-out of ddI.
Self-immolation, Resistance and Millenarianism in Medieval Chinese Buddhism
Authors: Benn James A.
Published: October 2014

Accounts of Buddhist monks and laymen who made offerings of their bodies by fire or other means often hint at larger themes of resistance to state authority and millenarian or Utopian hopes on the part of religious communities. I will put some of these sources, drawn from hagiographical collections and commemorative inscriptions, into dialogue with each other and with other historical materials in order to reveal some of the larger forces at work behind (apparently) individual acts of self-immolation.
The Vicissitudes of the Mahāsammata in East Asia
Authors: Rambelli Fabio
Published: October 2014

This article discusses Buddhism’s conflicting relation with kingship through an analysis of the figure of the Mahāsammata, the first mythical ruler according to Buddhist scriptures and canonical commentaries. The Mahāsammata, literally the ‘Great Elect’, was a human being elected by the people and entrusted with keeping order in a society that was gradually becoming more complex; as such, this myth expresses an idea of kingship that is very different from Indic and East Asian theories of divine sovereignty. The Mahāsammata has been studied within the South Asian context, but very little is known about its role in East Asian Buddhism. This article offers an analysis of this figure based on sutras translated into Chinese and subsequent literature in Chinese and Japanese. It aims to show some of the ways in which the Mahāsammata and the political ideas it represents were interpreted and transformed in East Asia, also in order to gain a better understanding of the varieties of Buddhist political thought, including those with the oppositional potential (if not actual oppositional praxis) to become conceptual bases for social and political resistance.
Local Resistance in Early Medieval Chinese Historiography and the Problem of Religious Overinterpretation
Authors: Espesset Grégoire
Published: October 2014

The official corpus of Chinese historiography contains a wealth of valuable information on what may be termed local resistance to the centralised empire in early medieval China (third to sixth century). Sinologists specialised in the study of Chinese religions commonly reconstruct the religious history of the era by interpreting some of these data. In the process, however, methodological mistakes often occur, such as disregard for the primary purpose of the historiography of local resistance, and ‘overinterpretation’—that is, ‘fabricating false intensity’ and ‘seeing intensity everywhere’, as French historian Paul Veyne proposed to define the term. Focusing on a cluster of historical anecdotes collected in the standard histories of the four centuries under consideration, this study discusses how the supposedly ‘religious’ data therein should, and should not, be dealt with.
Interlaboratory and between-specimen comparisons of diagnostic tests for leptospirosis in sheep and cattle
Authors: Fang Fang , Collins-Emerson Julie M. , Heuer Cord , Hill Fraser I. , Tisdall David J. , Wilson Peter R. , Benschop Jackie
Published: October 2014

A study was performed to investigate interlaboratory test agreement between a research and a commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratory on blood and urine samples, and to investigate test agreement between blood, urine, and kidney samples (research laboratory) for leptospirosis diagnosis. Samples were sourced from 399 sheep and 146 beef cattle from a local abattoir. Interlaboratory agreement for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results on urine samples was almost perfect (kappa = 0.90), despite the use of different amplification targets (DNA gyrase subunit B gene vs. 16s ribosomal RNA gene), chemistries (SYTO9 vs. TaqMan probe), and pre-PCR processing. Interlaboratory agreement for microscopic agglutination test (MAT) positivity was almost perfect (kappa = 0.93) for Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo subtype Hardjobovis (Hardjobovis) but moderate (kappa = 0.53) for Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona (Pomona). Among animals that had different titers recorded, higher Hardjobovis and lower Pomona titers were reported by the commercial laboratory than by the research laboratory ( P < 0.005). These interlaboratory comparisons can assist researchers and diagnosticians in interpreting the sometimes discrepant test results. Within the research laboratory, the comparison of qPCR results on urine and kidney showed almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.84), suggesting that the qPCR on these 2 specimens can be used interchangeably. The agreement between MAT positivity and urine and kidney qPCR results was fair (kappa = 0.32 and kappa = 0.33, respectively). However, the prevalence ratio of urine and kidney qPCR positivity in Hardjobovis-seropositive versus Hardjobovis-seronegative sheep indicated that Hardjobovis seropositivity found in sheep may be able to predict shedding or renal carriage.
Conceptualizations of Postpartum Depression by Public-Sector Health Care Providers in Mexico
Authors: Place Jean Marie S. , Billings Deborah L. , Blake Christine E. , Frongillo Edward A. , Mann Joshua R. , deCastro Filipa
Published: October 2014

In this article we describe the knowledge frameworks that 61 physicians, nurses, social workers, and psychologists from five public-sector health care facilities in Mexico used to conceptualize postpartum depression. We also demonstrate how providers applied social and behavioral antecedents in their conceptualizations of postpartum depression. Using grounded theory, we identify two frameworks that providers used to conceptualize postpartum depression: biochemical and adjustment. We highlight an emerging model of the function of social and behavioral antecedents within the frameworks, as well as the representation of postpartum depression by symptoms of distress and the perception among providers that these symptoms affected responsibilities associated with motherhood. The results provide a foundation for future study of how providers’ conceptualizations of postpartum depression might affect detection and treatment practices and might be useful in the development of training materials to enhance the quality of care for women who experience any form of distress in the postpartum period.
The Relationship Between Self-Harm and Teen Dating Violence Among Youth in Hawaii
Authors: Baker Charlene K. , Helm Susana , Bifulco Kristina , Chung-Do Jane
Published: October 2014

The connection between teen dating violence (TDV) and self-harm is important to consider because of the serious consequences for teens who engage in these behaviors. Self-harm includes nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide behaviors such as suicide attempts or deaths. Although prior research shows that these two public health problems are related, the context in which they occur is missing, including what leads teens to engage in self-harm and the timing of self-harming behaviors within the relationship. To fill this gap, we conducted focus groups with 39 high-school-aged teens, all of whom had experienced prior relationship violence. Teens described incidents in which they and their partners engaged in NSSI and suicide attempts. Incidents often were associated with extreme alcohol and drug use and occurred during the break-up stage of the relationship. Prevention and intervention programs are needed that consider the intersections of TDV, substance use, and self-harm.
Older Users’ Perspectives on the Benefits of Preventive Home Visits
Authors: Tøien Mette , Bjørk Ida Torunn , Fagerström Lisbeth
Published: October 2014

In this article we explore older people’s perspectives on the benefits of preventive home visits (PHVs), after long-term follow-up. PHVs are health services intended to promote older people’s health and independence, prevent disease, and postpone functional decline. We applied an explorative and descriptive design and analyzed qualitative research interviews of 10 PHV users who had received multiple visits for at least 6 years. We sought manifest and latent content in our analysis. The participants reported benefits falling within four main categories: to feel safe, to manage everyday life, to live well, and to be somebody. Two latent themes emerged: living with an underlying, realistic concern about an uncertain future, and striving to maintain oneself as a person. The perceived benefits of PHVs differed significantly from the outcome measures commonly used in randomized, controlled trials. PHV interventions should have a longitudinal approach and support each person’s current needs and valued goals.
Storylines of Aging With HIV
Authors: Beuthin Rosanne E. , Bruce Anne , Sheilds Laurene
Published: October 2014

Aging with HIV is a new phenomenon. It is expected that by 2015, approximately half of adults living with HIV in the United States will be age 50 and older. We used narrative inquiry to explore how older adults with HIV storied their experience and made sense of aging. Over a 3.5-year period, we interviewed 5 older adults living with HIV for 13 to 24 years. In analyzing the coconstructed stories, we identify six storylines that enhance understanding and guide listening: embodiment of the illness, sense making, death and loss, secrets and stigma, identity, and seeking connection. We theorize that the degree to which one reconciles each storyline influences how well one lives with illness. We share a storied exemplar to illustrate these storylines in one participant’s experience of aging with HIV. These findings emphasize how vital is telling one’s illness story, because sense making happens in the telling.
Foucault, Surveillance, and Carbon Monoxide Testing Within Stop-Smoking Services
Authors: Grant Aimee , Ashton Kathryn , Phillips Rhiannon
Published: October 2014

Health professionals have adopted proactive testing for early evidence of disease. Researchers have identified that this leads to enumerated understandings and shapes behavior in productive ways. Smoking-cessation advisors regularly test clients for carbon monoxide (CO), but client views of this had not previously been explored. We interviewed 23 clients of a United Kingdom-based stop-smoking service regarding their experiences of CO testing. The majority of participants were successful quitters. We used ATLAS.ti 7 as a data-management tool during structured qualitative analysis. Our findings reveal that clients believed the results of their CO tests. Many became enumerated in their understanding, and thus placed themselves in a hierarchy with other members of their group. Almost all clients found that knowing their CO test score was motivating. We conclude that additional research is needed to understand the experiences of CO testing among clients who do not quit.
The Healing Journey
Authors: Long Maggie , Manktelow Roger , Tracey Anne
Published: October 2014

Help seeking is known to be a complex and difficult journey for people who self-injure. In this article, we explore the process of help seeking from the perspective of a group of people living in Northern Ireland with a history of self-injury. We conducted 10 semistructured interviews and employed a grounded theory approach to data analysis. We created two major categories from the interview transcript data: (a) “involution of feeling,” which depicts participants’ perspectives on barriers to help seeking; and (b) “to be treated like a person,” in which participants communicate their experiences of help seeking. The findings pose important implications for policy, practice, theory, and future research, including the need to increase the uptake of follow-up care among people who arrive at hospitals as a result of self-injury, self-harm, or suicidal behaviors.
Exploring the Experiences of People With Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Nexø Mette A. , Watt Torquil , Cleal Bryan , Hegedüs Laszlo , Bonnema Steen J. , Rasmussen Åse K. , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Bjorner Jakob B.
Published: October 2014

Thyroid diseases evoke a complex range of psychological and physical symptoms. The psychosocial aspects of living with diseases causing hypo- or hyperthyroidism are poorly understood. In this article, we report the findings of a qualitative interview study in which we explored the lived experiences of 16 people with hypo- or hyperthyroidism. We purposefully selected participants from Danish outpatient clinics according to their diagnosis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease with or without orbitopathy), age (18 to 65 years), and duration of treatment (more than 6 months). We used interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as a theoretical frame and analytical approach and identified three superordinate themes: losing control over mental and physical states, ambiguous signs of disease, and negotiating sickness. We discuss the findings in the context of the recent literature on chronic illness and argue that these themes play an important role in the conceptualization and management of thyroid diseases.
Emerging Practice Concerning Vitamin D in Primary Care
Authors: Epling John W. , Mader Emily M. , Roseamelia Carrie A. , Morley Christopher P.
Published: October 2014

The establishment of practice patterns concerning the diagnosis and management of hypovitaminosis D seems to be heterogeneous among primary care physicians. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the emerging practices among primary care providers regarding screening and treatment for hypovitaminosis D, as well as factors that influence practice patterns. Trained researchers facilitated focus groups among primary care providers. We followed a grounded theory approach to transcript coding and analysis using ATLAS.ti analysis software. Testing or screening for hypovitaminosis D and subsequent replacement or supplementation practices varied among participants. Emerging practice concerning vitamin D appears to be constructed and reinforced by patient demand; incidental reading; brief, purposeful research; conversations with colleagues; results of consultations by specialists; and more patient demand. A multifaceted approach to promoting guideline adherence will be required to influence this practice.
Staying in Tune With Music Education
Authors: Burton Suzanne L. , Knaster Jenna , Knieste Maria
Published: October 2014

A nationwide sample of undergraduate music education majors ( N = 260; 69% completion rate) completed an electronic survey to determine awareness of music and general education policy and advocacy efforts. Students reported concern with the impact of policy on school music programs and their future careers. They were informed about music education policy issues at the state level but less so at national and local levels. Although respondents indicated involvement with professional associations, they rarely or never participated in policy initiatives. Methods courses provided policy information; professional organizations effectively convey policy information to undergraduates. NAfME Collegiate chapters offer music and general education policy-based activities, though many respondents were uninformed of their chapters’ efforts. Students were unfamiliar with key buzzwords, people, and acronyms of present-day education policy. Involving students in educational policy endeavors will equip them with a knowledge base from which to speak and act, securing the future of music education.
Online Versus Traditional Master of Music in Music Education Degree Programs
Authors: Albert Daniel J.
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to describe the reasons that two matriculated students had for enrollment into either an online or a traditional master of music in music education (MME) degree program. Research questions were the following: (a) What are the reasons each student gave for matriculating into either an online or a traditional MME program? (b) What are these students’ perceptions of both types of MME programs? How did those perceptions influence their decisions to matriculate into a respective program, if at all? Reasons for matriculating into a respective program included professional and financial obligations, creating relationships with faculty, perceived flexibility of the online program, and development of musician identity and musicianship. Implications include employing the hybrid course format to create a balance of both types of learning environments. Suggestions for future research include investigating the value that students find in an applied lesson and/or ensemble participation component of an MME program.
Risk of Venous Thromboembolic Events in Pregnant Patients With Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Bleau Nathalie , Patenaude Valerie , Abenhaim Haim A.
Published: October 2014

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of autoimmune disease on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnant women.

Methods:

Using the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2003 to 2011, the risk of developing DVT, PE, and VTE among pregnant patients with selected autoimmune diseases was estimated using unconditional logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Our study cohort consisted of 7 917 453 women of which 43 523 had underlying autoimmune diseases. Risk of VTE was high in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease.

Conclusion:

Most autoimmune diseases considerably increase the risk of VTE. Thromboprophylaxis may be considered in pregnancies with autoimmune disease, particularly those with systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis.
Disinvesting in the City
Authors: Dewar Margaret , Seymour Eric , Druță Oana
Published: October 2014

Tax foreclosure offers an opportunity to investigate processes of disinvestment in the city. Prior research has not considered how tax foreclosure administration protects or further damages neighborhoods where foreclosure occurs. Detroit’s loss of households led to disinvestment in housing and demolition of structures. In addition, at each of the three stages of property foreclosure and disposition, implementers took actions that promised to encourage disinvestment in property by facilitating the spread of blight and encouraging negative externalities. This occurred because (1) foreclosures took many owner-occupied properties; (2) the sale of properties to government entities was small and did not promote reuse; and (3) the foreclosure auctions disadvantaged purchasers who would become owner-occupants, channeled properties in strong neighborhoods to investors at low prices, and sold properties disproportionately to destructive buyers.
Assessment of tolerance induction by Origanum vulgare L. essential oil or carvacrol in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultivated in a meat-based broth and in a meat model
Authors: da Silva Luz Isabelle , Gomes-Neto Nelson Justino , Magnani Marciane , de Souza Evandro Leite
Published: October 2014

This study assessed the efficacy of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OVEO) and carvacrol in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, as well as the development of direct tolerance and cross-tolerance when this bacterium was challenged with sublethal amounts of these substances in a meat-based broth and in a meat model. OVEO and carvacrol at their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC decreased the viable cell counts of P. aeruginosa in meat-based broth. Direct tolerance or cross-tolerance was not induced after exposure of the assayed bacterial strain to sublethal amounts of OVEO or carvacrol in meat-based broth and in an artificially contaminated ground beef. Bacterial cells progressively subcultured in meat-based broth with increasing amounts of the tested substances survived up to the MIC of OVEO and to 1/2 MIC of carvacrol. The results reveal a lack of induction of tolerance in P. aeruginosa by exposure to OVEO or carvacrol in meat-based broth and in a meat model.
Amended Safety Assessment of Hypericum Perforatum-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Becker Lillian C. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: October 2014

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) has issued an amended safety assessment of 7 Hypericum perforatum-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. A common name for this plant is St John wort. These ingredients function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents—miscellaneous and antimicrobial agents. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data related to the H perforatum-derived ingredients. Because formulators may use more than 1 botanical ingredient in a formulation, caution was urged to avoid levels of toxicological concern for constituent chemicals and impurities. The Panel concluded that H perforatum-derived ingredients were safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this safety assessment.
Safety Assessment of 6-Hydroxyindole as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Heldreth Bart , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: October 2014

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of 6-hydroxyindole, which functions as an oxidative hair dye ingredient. The Panel considered relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment and concluded that 6-hydroxyindole is safe for use in oxidative hair dye formulations.
Safety Assessment of Vitis vinifera (Grape)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Fiume Monice M. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: October 2014

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 24 Vitis vinifera (grape)-derived ingredients and found them safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics. These ingredients function in cosmetics mostly as skin-conditioning agents, but some function as antioxidants, flavoring agents, and/or colorants. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data to determine the safety of these ingredients. Additionally, some constituents of grapes have been assessed previously for safety as cosmetic ingredients by the Panel, and others are compounds that have been discussed in previous Panel safety assessments.
Whither Critical Masculinity Studies? Notes on Inclusive Masculinity Theory, Postfeminism, and Sexual Politics
Authors: O’Neill Rachel
Published: October 2014

Inclusive masculinity theory has recently been proposed as a new approach to theorizing contemporary masculinities. Focusing particularly on the work of the theory’s key exponent, Eric Anderson, this article offers a critical reading of inclusive masculinity theory in relation to the context of contemporary postfeminism. Building on feminist scholarship that analyzes the emergence of a distinctive postfeminist sensibility within the academy, I consider how inclusive masculinity theory both reflects and reproduces certain logics of postfeminism. My central concern is the manner in which this scholarship deemphasizes key issues of sexual politics and promotes a discourse of optimism about men, masculinities, and social change. Against this view, I argue that critical masculinity studies must foreground the analysis of gendered power relations and posit that the interrogation of contemporary postfeminism is critical to this endeavor.
Variations in coping stages for individuals with chronic kidney disease: Results from an exploratory study with patient navigators
Authors: Marlow Nicole M , Simpson Kit N , Kazley Abby S , Balliet Wendy E , Chavin Kenneth D , Baliga Prabhakar K
Published: October 2014

Using a cross-sectional design, we examined coping stages (Kübler-Ross) among patients with end-stage renal disease at nephrology practices incorporating professional social workers as patient navigators, providing person-centered education and support ( N = 420). We evaluated associations with behavioral counseling constructs ( assess–advise–agree–assist–arrange). Coping stages comprised denial = 35.24 percent, acceptance = 24.05 percent, depression = 21.43 percent, bargaining = 12.86 percent, and anger = 6.43 percent. Compared to denial, other coping stages showed increased odds ratios for transplant referral agreement, transplant referral evaluations, understanding treatments, understanding donation procedures, plans to recruit donors, active donor recruitment, and potential living donor(s). Assessment of coping stages, and strategies to influence these, may be key factors in guiding patients to living donor kidney transplantation.
Medical mistrust is related to lower longitudinal medication adherence among African-American males with HIV
Authors: Dale Sannisha K , Bogart Laura M , Wagner Glenn J , Galvan Frank H , Klein David J
Published: October 2014

African-Americans living with HIV show worse health behaviors (e.g. medication adherence) and outcomes (e.g. viral suppression) than do their White counterparts. In a 6-month longitudinal study, we investigated whether medical mistrust among African-American males with HIV (214 enrolled, 140 with longitudinal data) predicted lower electronically monitored antiretroviral medication adherence. General medical mistrust (e.g. suspicion toward providers), but not racism-related mistrust (e.g. belief that providers treat African-Americans poorly due to race), predicted lower continuous medication adherence over time ( b = −.08, standard error = .04, p = .03). Medical mistrust may contribute to poor health outcomes. Intervention efforts that address mistrust may improve adherence among African-Americans with HIV.
Aldehyde emissions from lime plaster containing vegetable oil
Authors: Odaka Yoko , Seto Hiroshi , Nakaoka Hiroko , Hanazato Masamichi , Todaka Emiko , Mori Chisato
Published: October 2014

Lime plaster applied to walls and ceilings often contains vegetable oil for improving water resistance, and is considered to be harmless owing to its natural origin. The purpose of this study was to assess aldehyde emissions from plaster containing vegetable oil in order to predict the concentrations of aldehydes emitted into the indoor air. A passive emission chamber method was used to observe the emissions of aldehydes from vegetable oil when mixed with sodium hydroxide solution. The findings show that the alkalinity of calcium hydroxide in the plaster would accelerate the formation of aldehydes significantly. Furthermore, aldehyde emissions from the plaster to which vegetable oil was added were tested using a dynamic emission chamber (the small chamber method). A plaster containing soybean oil strongly emitted hexaldehyde throughout the test period. Plasters containing linseed oil or perilla oil strongly emitted propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The calculated indoor air concentrations of the aldehydes emitted from the lime plasters containing vegetable oil exceeded the air quality guidelines of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, and the German Federal Environmental Protection Agency. Moreover, these aldehydes are irritants and have unpleasant odours. Therefore, adding vegetable oil to plaster should be avoided to prevent sick-building syndrome.
Suicide, statistics and the coroner: A comparative study of death investigations
Authors: Tait Gordon , Carpenter Belinda
Published: October 2014

Australia has a significantly higher suicide rate than England. Rather than accepting that this ‘statistical fact’ is a direct reflection of some positivist truth, this article begins with the premise that how suicide is counted depends upon what counts as suicide. This study involves semi-structured interviews with coroners both in Australia and England, as well as observations at inquests. Important differences between the two coronial systems include: first, quite different logics of operation; second, the burden of proof for reaching a finding of suicide is significantly higher in England; and, third, the presence of family members at English inquests results in far greater pressure being brought to bear upon coroners. These combined factors result in a reduced likelihood of English coroners reaching a finding of suicide. The conclusions are twofold. First, this research supports existing criticisms of comparative suicide statistics. Second, this research adds theoretical weight to criticisms of positivist analyses of social phenomena.
Improvement in corrosion resistance of 5083 aluminum alloy via friction stir processing
Authors: Rasouli Sadegh , Behnagh Reza A , Dadvand Abdolrahman , Saleki-Haselghoubi Noureyeh
Published: October 2014

Friction stir processing is a solid state process used to modify microstructure and mechanical properties of sheet metals and as-cast materials. During this process, stirring action of the tool causes the material to intense plastic deformation that yields a dynamical recrystallization. In this study, corrosion sensitivity of a friction stir processed AA5083 aluminum alloy has been investigated using both normalized intergranular corrosion test (ASTM G67) and local electrochemical open circuit potential measurements. In addition, Vickers microhardness and microstructural analyses have been performed. It was found that the friction stir processed samples exhibited higher corrosion resistance compared with the base metal.
‘You can’t escape from it. It’s in your blood’: Naturalizing ethnicity and strategies to ensure family and in-group cohesion
Authors: Clycq Noel
Published: October 2014

This article studies the construction of ethnicity within majority and minority families and more in particular the strategies developed to ensure intergenerational continuity via an in-depth analysis of the narratives of Belgian-Flemish-, Italian- and Moroccan-origin parents in Flanders, Belgium. Parents were asked to discuss the upbringing of their children and the main elements they want to transmit, with a focus on their ethno-cultural identity. These narratives shed light on how parents perceive themselves, their children and other groups in society, and, more importantly, what these perceptions entail for the upbringing of their children. This article studies the strategies developed to ensure ethno-cultural continuity within the family and/or ethnic group, and discusses in which way these strategies become ‘logic’ in the eyes of these parents. The analysis shows how internalized perceptions and dispositions about one’s ethnicity, cultural background and religious affiliation influence strategy development to ensure linguistic and religious continuity and family cohesion, given the specificities of the social context. Overall, parents try to make sense of the burden of ethno-cultural continuity they feel resting upon their shoulders, but the article discusses how minority and majority parents’ perceptions and strategies tend to differ according to one’s social location and to power differences.
Beginning to explore the experience of managing a direct payment for someone with dementia: The perspectives of suitable people and adult social care practitioners
Authors: Laybourne Anne H , Jepson Marcus J , Williamson Toby , Robotham Dan , Cyhlarova Eva , Williams Val
Published: October 2014

Following legal improvements made around mental capacity together with the Health and Social Care Act, it is now possible for a direct payment to be paid to a ‘Suitable Person’ to manage on someone’s behalf to purchase directly care and support services. People with dementia are a key group affected by this change in England of adult social care. We interviewed nine social care practitioners and seven Suitable People for people with dementia across five English local authorities to begin to examine their experiences of this new method of social care provision. Findings from thematic analyses suggest positive outcomes and multiple beneficiaries, but some challenges: potentially inappropriate processes, support planning, divergence in attitudes towards care and support outcomes. Implications for practice include obfuscation of recipients’ and Suitable People’s best interests and supporting practitioners to explore fully clients’ aspirations for care and support.
The New Communalism
Authors: Whittemore Andrew H.
Published: October 2014

This article argues that understanding the vision of Planned Unit Development (PUD) advocates in the mid-twentieth century corrects the common misconception that American city planning and development practices turned away from traditional notions of urbanism in that period. However, although PUD remains a significant regulatory tool, it does not meet the vision of its early advocates due to pragmatic and political limitations. This article uses a case study of PUD in Los Angeles to explain the intentions and fate of private and public sector promoters of the PUD concept in the decades following the Second World War.