bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology for diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid lesions: a study of 100 cases
Authors: Kumar E. Pavan , Namratha S. , Pakanati Siva Subba Rao , Pokala Uma
Published: July 2021

Background: The majority (90%) of thyroid lesions are benign as malignancy occurs only 1 in 10 thyroid nodules. The purpose of ultrasonography (USG) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is to pick the patients having malignancy for surgical intervention. The objective of present study is to correlate ultrasonography findings with FNAC for diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid lesions by relating these findings to histopathological examination (HPE) reports.

Methods: A prospective clinical study carried out from September 2019 to February 2021, in the Department of Ear Nose and Throat (ENT), Mamata Medical College, Khammam, in patients with clinical evidence of thyroid swelling. Ultrasound and FNAC were done in all cases and HPE were done in cases where surgeries were performed at our institution. The results were analysed.  

Results: According to USG, out of 100 cases 93 cases were found to be of benign thyroid swellings, 4 cases were suspected malignant and 3 cases were found malignant. According to FNAC, out of 100 cases 97 cases were benign and 3 cases were confirmed to be malignant. Two cases which were found to be malignant on both USG and FNAC were confirmed as malignant according to HPE report.

Conclusions: USG is a sensitive modality in the assessment of thyroid swellings with good accuracy. FNAC also provides the most direct and specific information about thyroid lesions. It is suggested that USG followed by FNAC provides better diagnosis in thyroid lesions.
Clinical study of oral mucosal lesions in patients attending dermatology outpatient department in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Mandadi Lasya , Rajendran N. , Shakthi P. , S. Vandana
Published: July 2021

Background: Oral mucosa reflects the general health of an individual. In certain systemic diseases oral cavity may be affected first or it could the only clue to diagnosis. Hence skin examination is never complete without the examination of mucosae. Aims and objectives were to find out the frequency and diversity of oral mucosal lesions in patients attending Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DVL) outpatient department (OPD).

Methods: This was a hospital based observational study. All patients with oral mucosal lesions fulfilling the inclusion &exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Detailed history, physical examination and clinical photographs were recorded for all the patients.

Results: The prevalence oral mucosal lesions among dermatological patients is 1.04% with a female predilection and the mean age was 38.44±17.30. Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 31-60 years. Established risk factors for developing oral lesions like tobacco and beetle nut use was found in only 24% and 16% of the patients respectively. Twenty% (21%) of the patients were diabetic and the commonest oral lesions in them was oral candidiasis. Eighteen% (18%) of the patients presented with only oral complaints, while 82% of patients came with skin complaints and their oral lesions were incidental findings. Out of 82 patients with dermatological diseases specific mucocutaneous diseases were seen in 44% of patients. Most common dermatological diseases seen were vitiligo, lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris.

Conclusions: Knowing the prevalence of oral lesions as a part of mucocutaneous disorders would help sensitise other specialities the need to examine oral cavity in order to attain appropriate and early diagnosis.
ANALYSIS AND FORECASTABILITY OF MARKET MODEL: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTANI MARKET INDEX AND EMERGING MARKET INDEX
Authors: Mubarik Fauzia , Saeed Sadia , Shahab Hina
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the Study: This study examines and analyzes the influence of the Market Model on the Market Level Return (KSE-100 index) and the Emerging Market Level Return (MSCI Index).

Methodology: The study has employed the sample data of the companies’ representatives of the Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan from July 2001 to June 2018 respectively. For estimation, the Panel Regression techniques are employed followed by the Forecast Error Statistics for the in-sample forecast ability of the variables under study.

Main Findings: The results of the study depict that the Market Model comprising of the Market Value Financial Ratios strongly influences the returns of the Emerging Market Index relative to the Market Level Return respectively. Similarly, the predictive power of the Market Model is more influential at the Emerging Market Level Return but not less at Market Level Return.

Application of the Study: The findings of the study suggest that the domestic and foreign investors may consider the Market Value Financial Ratios for the valuation and estimation of asset prices. Moreover, the local authorities may take robust steps to continuously reforms in the Energy Mix policy to enhance local as well as foreign investment.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The prime novelty of the study is to analyze the market model based on Market Value Financial Ratios to forecast the Market Level Return and Emerging Market Index Returns using three standard symmetric measures; root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the Theil inequality coefficient (TIC) respectively.
‘WAR AS REMEDY OR POISON’: READING THE BLIND MAN'S GARDEN AND THE KITE RUNNER WITH A CRITICAL LENS OF MBEMBE’S NECROPOLITICS
Authors: Kakar Sara Iqbal , Riaz Humaira , Khan Nayab Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the Study: This study emphasizes the contribution of fiction in highlighting the American exercise of power around the world predominantly Pakistan and Afghanistan. It investigates how America has become a dictating body deciding the life and death of human beings mainly in South Asian developing countries.

Methodology: Being Qualitative, this study uses Eaglestone’s (2000) close reading technique to analyze words and structure of the texts of Khalid Hosseini's The Kite Runner and Nadeem Aslam Khan’s The Blind Man’s Garden. It develops a descriptive thesis leading to construct arguments by drawing a theoretical framework from Mbembe’s necropolitics (2003). Mbembe took his inspiration from Foucault’s idea of bio-power. Modern narrative discourse on sovereignty and its relation to war is taken as the main subject of necropolitics. Mbembe’s idea of sovereignty as an exercise to get control of the mortality of the enemy helps to interpret the texts via the close reading method.

Main Findings: This study evaluated two novels to assert that necropolitics by taking its four basic concepts, power, war, politics, and death was the actual controlling power of a country. It analyzed fictional characters to argue how individuals endured hardships because of the necropolitical exercise of America and Russia in Afghanistan. Mbembe’s conception of necropolitics helps in understanding fiction.

Applications of this study: The present study has significant implications from both theoretical and interpretative perspectives. Necropolitics, originally a political notion is reworked in fiction, which asserts that using this concept, power relations, their roots, and exercise around the world can be explored in various fields. This study contributes to dismantling the latent necropolitics in the society represented in fiction. It elevates the social and political consciousness of the general public of South Asia, particularly Pakistan and Afghanistan. This study can be helpful in the field of psychology to popularize the notion of necropolitics in contemporary society.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Comparatively a new field, Necropolitics has been discussed in the fields of medical sciences and education. This study significantly highlights its existence in the field of literary studies. Fiction as a direct reflection of society helps in deconstructing the prevailing exercise of necropolitics in South Asian society. It is also helpful in raising the social and political consciousness of South Asian people.
EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, LEVERAGE, AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE (EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM BANKING SECTOR COMPANIES PERIOD 2015-2019)
Authors: Subiyanto Bambang , Awaludin Dipa Teruna , Demolingo Ramang H. , Ifani Risca , Wiweka Kadek
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the Study: This study aims to analyze the effect of independent variables such as corporate social responsibility, leverage, and intellectual capital on dependent variables such as financial performance in banking sector companies indexed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019.

Methodology: This review is adopted the descriptive statistics approach. While the hypothesis test using multiple linear regression analysis and simultaneous significance analysis. Secondary data collected through the purposive sampling method consisted of 85 samples from 17 companies.

Main Findings: The results indicate that CSR has a positive effect on FP. While LEV and IC have no effect on FP. Debt withdrawal will not have an impact on the company's sustainability in increasing profits. In addition, the company also has a concern for the disclosure of CSR activities through the GRI, which can increase the company's profit.

Implication/Applications: The results of this study can be used for financial practitioners, especially in the banking industry, to determine the effect of corporate social responsibility, leverage, and intellectual capital on financial performance. Therefore, banking companies can make decisions based on the priority scale on the most influential variables. In addition, this research can also be a reference for academics and researchers who are interested in the issue of financial performance.

The originality of the study: The results of this study are the latest studies that systematically and comprehensively discuss the financial performance of the banking sector based on several important factors.
A Review on Haploid and Double Haploids in Ornamental Plants
Authors:   Career Point University, Alaniya, Kota, Rajasthan, Meena Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Sporophyte plants with many gametophytic chromosomes are called haploid plants. These plants can be produced naturally or through in vitro or in vivo induction techniques. Double haploid (DH) can be obtained by doubling the number of haploid chromosomes spontaneously or artificially. They are homozygous, and this homozygosity will be realized in the life cycle of a generation using the DH production system. This production system is used to correct heterosis. Easy to interact with the DH population. DH can be used as parental inbreds of new varieties or self-pollinated plants or cross-pollinated plants. Haploids can be used to isolate mutants, especially if the mutant allele is not diploid. If the haploid is transformed immediately after the chromosome is copied, the plant can be obtained step by step. By combining biotechnological means with conventional methods, the important goal of improving cultivated plants can be achieved in a short time. This article analyzes the various developments in the field of haploid species related to economically important ornamental species.
Biology and Management of Cotton Grey Weevil: A Review
Authors:   Institute of Plant Protection, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan, Ijaz Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Cotton grey weevil is becoming a primary pest of agricultural and horticultural crops all over the world including Pakistan. The various management strategies such as chemical, biological and cultural have been adopted against this pest throughout the globe. The previous published literature was reviewed with the aim to evaluate the best strategy among all strategies to control the pest. Male is shorter as compared female with approximately 6.0 to 8.5 mm length. Adult feed on the leaves and cause huge crop losses. The current reviewed literature concluded that chemical control can give quick control of adult due to their fly ability while control of pupae, larvae and eggs is difficult due to their location in or on the soil. The excessive use of chemicals to control pest can caused mortality of other biological fauna. To avoid the excessive application of chemicals, biological and botanical control should be promoted and applied that will prove best option against the current pest.
Rearing of Maize Stem Borer, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors:   Department of Entomology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Ijaz Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Maize is an important cereal crop grown for food, fodder and raw material throughout the world. It is rick source of proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. Maize production is decreasing day by day due to attacked of more than 250 insect species and mites. Among insect pests, maize stem borer, Chilo partellus is most destructive pest for maize production. The rearing of maize stem borer, C. partellus was conducted under laboratory conditions in National Agricultural research Centre (NARC) Islamabad. The complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa and adult) was recorded in C. partellus. The mean value of egg was 4.67 ± 1.09 days. There were six larval instar of C. partellus and total larval period was 18-48 days. The growth period of first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth larval instar was 3-6, 2-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9 and 5-11 days respectively on maize leaves. The mean average duration of pupa was 9.00±2.25 days. The female was long lived than male. The total developmental period from egg to adult was 30-65 days.
Automated Identification and Monitoring of Fruit Fly
Authors:   Institute of Plant Protection, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan, Bilal Huda
Published: July 2021

The fruit fly is an invasive pest that causes significant loss in horticultural crop production by damaging the fruit quality. For the integrated management of fruit fly, monitoring is a major component. Automated pest monitoring is most promising and advanced for monitoring and accurate assessment of the status of the fruit fly. The need of the hour is to automate and monitor pest populations using advanced technologies to save time and to examine the real-time situation of the field. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the approaches and sensors which detect and monitor fruit flies automatically.The review focuses on image-based sensors for identifying fruit flies, analyzing the wing beat biometric signature with optoelectronics sensors, direct counting with photo interruption sensors and E-Traps that can provide real-time field information, and presenting the various integrated systems available.With a real-time imaging system, all information about the fruit fly population and infection rate is recorded and maintained in a database. All of this has resulted in enhanced monitoring systems for fruit fly integrated pest management.
A Review on Effects of Varies Doses of Lime and Boron Application and There Interaction on Nutrient Availability and Acidity Parameters of Soil in Soybean
Authors:   School of Agricultural Sciences, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, Meena Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Soybean is a grain legume has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil in association with Brady rhizobium rhizobia. Soybean crop fixes 61-337 Kg Nha-1. Many of scientist reported that as macronutrient needs are met, it becomes possible that micronutrient requirements of the soybean plant could be limiting optimum production and although boron is termed a micronutrient, its role within the plant is widespread. The role of boron within the plant includes cell wall synthesis, sugar transport, cell division, differentiation, membrane functioning, root elongation, and regulation of plant hormone levels. The application of lime and boron were given in the plots as per their treatments prior to sowing. The significant increase in the soybean yield was mainly due to increasing does of lime and boron as well. However, the interaction of lime and boron were not fund significant. The maximum seed yield was increased by the application of lime @ 5 t/ha. However on the other hand, increase in the yield by the application of boron 1 kg/ha. When compared with absolute control. It showed that application of lime and boron separately give the positive effect on soybean grain yield whereas in combination with lime and boron could not play significant increase in crop yield.
Performing Clandestinity: The Religious Underground, the Secret Police and the Media in Communist Eastern Europe
Authors: Kapaló James A.
Published: July 2021

The Cold War was frequently cast in the West as a religious war, a conflict between Christianity and atheism of the Marxist-materialist kind. Propaganda narratives produced by the opposing sides pitted faith against godlessness or science and progress against superstition and exploitation. The religious underground, which was at the centre of much of this propaganda activity, had both a metaphorical and literal meaning. With the opening of the secret police archives in the region, scholars of religions have been presented with important new sources to understand the relationship between anti-religious propaganda, western projections of religious life under communism and the actual clandestine practices of underground religious groups. Whilst the textual materials found in the archives have been the primary focus of attention for both historians and transitional justice projects, the search for ‘truths’ about the past has largely overlooked the visual and material traces of religion produced by and about religious groups. In this article, I explore the complex intersection of the religious underground and the secret police and how this was reflected in the public media and film during communism. Through an exploration of photographic and filmic representations of religious clandestinity produced by or with the help of the secret police, this article illustrates how such imagery, despite its complicity in the construction of a certain image of the religious underground, nevertheless also reveals aspects of the lived reality, creativity and agency of underground communities. This research is based on the findings of the European Research Council Project, Creative Agency and Religious Minorities: Hidden Galleries in the Secret Police Archives in Central and Eastern Europe (project no. 677355).
Everything is True Here, Even if it Isn’t: the performance of belief online
Authors: Asimos Vivian
Published: July 2021

The primary stage for contemporary horror storytelling online, the subreddit No Sleep, declares the most important rule for users: everything is true here, even if it isn’t. This rule dictates the way users typically interact both on the subreddit and elsewhere while writing and reading horror stories online. Users typically post ‘in character’, or write as if the narrative is a true story. This impacts not only the comments, but also the story itself. Users engage with a playful performance of belief, demonstrating that belief is not just an on/off switch – ludically immersing themselves in ontological realities beyond their own. Using fieldwork conducted at No Sleep, this paper seeks to demonstrate the playful performances of belief as something much greater than ‘simple play’, but a demonstration of the sliding scale possible in belief. The process is not necessarily about finding belief, or changing belief, but about the performance itself. The performance of belief creates a social reality for the community. It is a manipulation of belief, which creates a form of mythic thinking which can create a spiritual experience. Realistic supernatural stories bring the supernatural into the everyday, but also brings the everyday into the supernatural.
Greek-Orthodox Diasporic Glocality and Translocality in Germany and Great Britain
Authors: Trantas Georgios E.
Published: July 2021

Migration does not take place in a vacuum, nor is the formation of communities thereof a mere collection of individuals; particularly when taking into account one of the main transferrable cultural determinants of identity and self-perception, i.e. group religiosity. The latter makes its aesthetic manifestation in the public sphere and hence, migration gives rise to religioscapes, which are identifiable by their visible markers in the form of architecture and religious art. The same applies to the Greek-Orthodox migrant communities of Germany and Great Britain. Both were established in the mid-twentieth century when the main bulk of their demographic presence in the corresponding countries took place. The formation of their communities occurred clearly before globality ushered in the contemporary, parallel, glocal, translocal and cultural relativisation that is facilitated by increased mobility and advanced means of communication. Yet, this paper argues that both the glocal and translocal conceptual frameworks apply to the case studies of interest. Evidence of this is particularly traceable in their corresponding religioscapes’ markers, which are permeated by aesthetic priorities and main influences, emergent patterns of predominant featured themes and tendencies that attest to glocality and translocality. Notably, not only are their places of worship containers of their immortalized narratives, they also contribute to the perpetuation of their distinct mutability. This phenomenon of aesthetic adaptation in accordance with the accumulated social experience, highlights the emergent patterns of a glocal and translocal sense of being and belonging that gave rise to the distinct hybrid identity amalgams thereof.
El problema de la violencia en la cosmovisión de Mainländer
Authors: Baquedano Sandra
Published: July 2021

¿Es posible que un filósofo promueva, con el ejemplo, la violencia como medio para la resolución de conflictos? Sócrates, Descartes, Rawls, Wittgenstein o Jonas, entre otros, son casos de quienes terminaron por distintas causas enrolándose en ejércitos o participando de algún modo en diversos conflictos bélicos. Muchos lograron a pesar de ello no mezclar sus filosofías con algo ajeno a la misma. Este artículo se propone indagar en la La filosofía de la redención de Mainländer a fin de detectar los peligros que acarrea enaltecer el uso de la violencia, elevando el amor a la patria a nivel de sabiduría filosófica. Este aspecto será identificado como el más delicado de su pensamiento, lo que explicará por qué se prescinde aquí de calificarlo de filósofo y se aluda a él como pensador en la medida que ciertas reflexiones que resultan ser esenciales en determinadas materias pudieron terminar siendo contaminadas por un fanatismo nacionalista. Esto abrirá la posibilidad de pensar en un criptobelicismo de base en algunos aspectos de su obra.
Tiempo y singularización. Enfoques de las dinámicas relacionales del Dasein en elaboraciones de Heidegger entre 1927-1930
Authors: Butierrez Luis
Published: July 2021

En el siguiente trabajo nos detendremos en un análisis y reconstrucción de las relaciones entre singularización y tiempo, respecto de sus especificaciones en torno al instante, a partir de una relación entre las elaboraciones de Heidegger en Sein und Zeit y su curso de 1929-1930. En ese marco, nos proponemos demostrar que sus consideraciones en torno a la relación dinámica Dasein-temporeidad-singularización profundizan la comprensión de fondo en la que se articulan, a partir de un cambio de acento que permite precisar con mayor claridad el concepto relacional de Dasein frente a las perspectivas subjetivistas tradicionales. De esta manera, buscamos desarrollar las relaciones entre singularización-tiempo en la obra de Heidegger y cotejar desde allí las condiciones para un marco interpretativo y recepción acorde al marco comprensivo de su obra.
“Nuestros únicos maestros son aquellos que nos dicen: ‘haz junto conmigo”: aproximaciones a una idea de educación en Diferencia y repetición de Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Camargo Juan
Published: July 2021

En la bibliografía más reciente en torno a la obra filosófica de Deleuze no se ha abordado la relación entre una idea de educación y su libro Diferencia y repetición. Este artículo explora e interpreta a partir de la ontología de Deleuze una idea de formación. Parte de la comprensión de sus ideas de «diferencia y repetición” y del “método de dramatización” me permiten pensar cómo estas se inscriben en el terreno educativo, cuáles son sus alcances y consecuencias, ideas que me llevan, por lo demás, a retomar los temas de la emancipación intelectual y la igualdad de la mano de Joseph Jacotot y Jacques Rancière.
El programa filosófico-político de Rousseau: el vínculo teórico entre el Discurso sobre los orígenes y fundamentos de la desigualdad entre los hombres y El contrato social
Authors: Gallo-Gómez Juan Camilo
Published: July 2021

Este artículo busca presentar el legado teórico-político de Rousseau a través de la interpretación de su Discurso sobre los orígenes y fundamentos de la desigualdad entre los hombres y el Contrato social, entendidos como una unidad argumentativa y metodológica en la obra del ginebrino. Para esto se expondrán en un primer momento las consideraciones normativas y antropológicas que marcan el problema político de Rousseau. A partir de allí se presentarán las ideas principales de su noción de democracia, para finalmente concluir que el legado democrático de Rousseau resulta particularmente útil como elemento crítico en el contexto de la hegemonía de las democracias representativas liberales actuales.
Articulaciones y problemas de la propiedad según Hegel
Authors: Solari Enzo
Published: July 2021

La teoría hegeliana de la propiedad según emerge en el derecho abstracto de la persona tal como es diseñado en la Filosofía del Derecho afirma (a) que la propiedad es la objetivación externa de la voluntad libre mediante la apropiación (común o privada) de cosas exteriores, (b) que la propiedad no solamente mienta un mundo dado ya de antemano y al cual está referido el agente de praxis, sino también la diferencia absoluta entre personas y cosas y el problema protoeconómico del acceso de aquellas a estas mediante actos, (c) que la propiedad racionalmente necesaria para la libre personalidad supone el reconocimiento entre las autoconciencias (y esto aun cuando la noción de reconocimiento y de espíritu objetivo sean construcciones mejorables con una detalladísima analítica descriptiva tanto filosófica como empírica), y (d) que la propiedad, sin rechazar el formalismo típico del derecho privado, también exige la concreta universalidad del derecho público, un acceso a la misma por parte de todos y cada cual, y su organización y distri-bución universal a través de mecanismos institucionales y estatales.
Edukasi Covid-19 Melalui Program KKN Covid UNS Mewujudkan Karakter Hidup Bersih di Desa Selourik, Ngargoyoso, Karanganyar
Authors: Ramadhan Gifari Ilham , Sutrisno Valiant Lukad Perdana
Published: July 2021

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Coronavirus atau Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) merupakan virus yang menyerang sistem pernafasan. Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus ini disebut COVID-19. Cara pencegahannya adalah dengan mengikuti prosedur kesehatan yang ada dengan selalu cuci tangan, menjaga jarak, tinggal di rumah tanpa manfaat darurat, dan melindungi kekebalan tubuh. Tujuan saya dalam mengimplementasikan rencana pengabdian masyarakat Covid-19 adalah memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat tentang virus corona ini, serta memberikan edukasi atau penyuluhan kepada orang-orang yang terinfeksi Covid-19. Dalam rangka melaksanakan kegiatan KKN ini, dilakukan kegiatan ini secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Meberikan informasi secara online ataupun berdialog langsung dengan warga tentang cara pencegahan virus corona, dan memberikan informasi kepada anak-anak usia sekolah yang terkena dampak. Cara tidak langsung yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengirim dan menjelaskan melalui media whatsapp. Memberikan edukasi kepada anak-anak melalui proses belajar yang menyenangkan dan efektif agar mereka tidak mudah bosan, juga memberikan video cara belajar yang efektif untuk menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang cara belajar yang efektif.
Epidemiological Features for Primary Lymphoma of the Female Genital Tract Patients and Development of a Nomogram to Predict Survival
Authors: Peng Fei , Li Jingwen , Mu Shidai , Qin You , Ai Lisha , Hu Yu
Published: July 2021

Background: Primary lymphoma of the female genital tract (PLFGT) is a sporadic extranodal lymphoma. Its epidemiology and prognosis are not fully recognised. Our study aimed to construct and validate prognostic nomograms for predicting survival for patients with PLFGT.Methods: Incidence rate from 1975 to 2017 and patients with PLFGT from 1975 to 2011 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were retrospectively reviewed. The nomograms of OS and DSS were established according to the multivariate Cox regression analyses. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots were used to demonstrate its robustness and accuracy.Results: A total of 617 PLFGT patients were identified. The overall incidence of PLFGT is 0.44/1,000,000 (adjusted to the US standard population in 2000) from 1975 to 2017. Age, histological subtype, Ann Arbor Stage, and therapeutic strategy were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) by multivariate Cox regression (P < 0.05). Nomograms to predict 1-, 5-, and 10- year OS and DSS were established. The C-index and calibration plots showed a good discriminative ability and an optimal accuracy of the nomograms. Patients were devided into three risk groups according to the model of OS.Conclusions: The nomograms were developed and validated as an individualized tool to predict OS and DSS.
The Cancer Genome Atlas Predicts the Prognosis of Lung Carcinoma Based on Genes Associated with m6A Methylation
Authors: Liu Huanqing , Li Tingting , Dong Chunsheng , Lyu Jun
Published: July 2021

Lung cancer has become a predominant cause of death in relation with carcinoma worldwide. N6-methylladenosine (m6A) is a common mRNA that is internally modified, which has a pivotal role in mRNA splicing, outputting, localizing, and translating and in identifying stable features. This study evaluated the expression pattern and prognostic value of m6A-related genes in lung cancer. Expression data of lung cancer samples with related clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, R software was used in combination with several corresponding software packages to identify the regulatory factors of m6A RNA methylation with differential expression. Three genes (METTL3, YTHDF1, and FTO) were overexpressed in lung cancer. METTL3 had a low survival rate (P < 0.05). Significant differences in survival rate were observed among the subgroups, which possessed differently expressed m6A levels. Two latent predicting factors (METTL3 and KIAA1429) that met the independent predictive values were selected. M6A RNA methylation modulators may be involved with the malignant progression of lung cancer, and the two selected risk characteristics of m6A RNA methylation regulators may be a potential prognostic biological marker for guiding customized therapies in patients with lung carcinoma.
Abnormal Low-Gamma Small-World Response After Visual Stimulation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Galdino Lucas , Fernandes Thiago , Schmidt Kerstin Erika , Santos Natanael Antonio dos
Published: July 2021

Schizophrenia can be described as a functional dysconnectivity syndrome that affects the brain’s circuits in a generalized way. Global disconnection in schizophrenia has been manifold described by applying graph theory and quantifying parameters of network connectivity. However, little is known about how sensory stimulation modulates networks in schizophrenia, such as small-worldness during visual processing. In order to address this question, we applied graph theory algorithms to EEG recordings and classified the functional network in the alpha (8–13 Hz) and low-gamma (36–55 Hz) bands of 13 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 13 healthy controls (HC) during the presentation of a visual stimulus. We measured the amplitude of visual-evoked potentials and the number of nodes, edges, mean degree centrality, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length (L), and small-worldness (SW). As expected, patients presented smaller peak amplitudes of evoked-potentials than HC. Interestingly, in contrast to the controls, SCZ did not change their small worldness index during visual stimulation. This implies that schizophrenia-related dysconnectivity has an impact on the ability of the low-gamma network to react to new sensory input. These results provide evidence about a possible electrophysiological signature of the global deficits revealed by the application of graph theory onto the EEG in schizophrenia.
Limitations or Advantages? Gender Differences in Urologists, General Surgeons, and Gynecologists in Taiwan – A Nationwide, Population-based Study
Authors: Chen Sheng-Wen , Lin Shu-Yi , Fan Yu-Hua , Cheng Weiming
Published: July 2021

We aimed to examine the differences between female and male surgeons in urology, general surgery, and gynecology by analyzing a nationwide, population-based database in Taiwan. We identified surgeons with a clinical experience of 6 − 13 years, between 1995 to 2013, from the National Health Insurance Research Database. We collected patient volume and revenue per month in outpatient and inpatient services, as well as surgical volumes per month of female and male surgeons for analysis. Student’s t-test was used to compare the differences between female and male surgeons. Female urologists and general surgeons had a significantly higher ratio of female patients. Female urologists had comparable patient numbers, revenues, and surgical volumes as male urologists. In contrast, female general surgeons had significantly lesser involvement in outpatient and inpatient care and had lower monthly revenues than males; however, female general surgeons performed more oncological surgeries per month. Female gynecologists had similar outpatient services and outpatient revenue but significantly lesser inpatient services and surgical volume per month. A gender-based gap exists among surgeons in Taiwan; this gap is narrower in urology than in general surgery and gynecology. Gender stereotypes should be reduced to ensure that patients receive the best care regardless of surgeons’ gender.
Aerial Biomass and Nitrogen Estimation of Emerged and Floating Macrophytes using Optical Remote Sensing: A Non-Destructive Method
Authors: Medeiros Jessica Cristina Carvalho , Perine Maurício , Pompêo Marcelo , Bitencourt Marisa
Published: July 2021

Freshwater resources faces threats with aquatic plants invasion, considered biological pollution with deep effects on water quality and nutrients cycling due to their rapid growth. Orbital remote sensing has been an effective instrument of monitoring large water bodies. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the relation between reflectance and field measurements (biomass and nitrogen concentration) of aquatic plants to develop estimation equations and to test vegetation indices to use in orbital remote sensing. The most common tropical infesting species (Salvinia auriculata, Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes and Eichhornia azurea) were collected during a year, measured their spectral response to simulate satellite bands, and the biomass and nitrogen concentration measurements. The bands intervals of Sentinel-2 satellite were choosing to the simulation due to their narrow bands and the RedEdge new band. The obtained field data were correlated with the reflectance obtained from spectroradiometry of each species and the equations showed R² = 0.64 to estimate biomass and R² = 0.60 to estimate nitrogen using the entire spectrum. Several indices described in the literature were tested with different Sentinel-2 bands but with no significant results. The NDVI index showed a separation among species using RedEdge band and can be used to identify the species, but not to estimate their biomass.
Attraction in the Dark: The Magnetism of Speleothems
Authors: Feinberg Joshua M. , Hobart Kathryn K.
Published: July 2021

No matter how quiet and pristine a cave setting may appear, all speleothems contain assemblages of magnetic minerals. These iron oxide minerals are derived largely from overlying soils, though minor fractions may come from the residuum of dissolved bedrock, reworked sediment carried by episodic floods, geomicrobiological activity, and even windblown dust. Regardless of their origin, these minerals become aligned with Earth’s ambient magnetic field before they are fixed within a speleothem’s growing carbonate matrix. Here, we describe how the magnetism of stalagmites and flowstone can be used to chronicle high-resolution geomagnetic behavior and environmental change.
Cave and Speleothem Science: From Local to Planetary Scales
Authors: Feinberg Joshua M. , Johnson Kathleen R.
Published: July 2021

Caves occur everywhere on our planet, from the tropics to the high latitudes and from below sea level to alpine settings. Cave morphologies provide clues to their formation mechanisms, and their iconic mineralogical features—stalagmites and stalactites—carry a wealth of paleoenvironmental information encoded in their geochemistry and mineralogy. Recent work demonstrates a striking improvement in our ability to decode these paleoenvironmental proxies, and dramatic geochronological advances enable higher resolution records that extend further back in geologic time. Cave research addresses an ever-increasing range of geoscience problems, from establishing the timing and mechanisms of climate change to uncovering detailed records of geomagnetic field behavior.
Uranium–Thorium Dating of Speleothems
Authors: Wendt Kathleen A. , Li Xianglei , Edwards R. Lawrence
Published: July 2021

Speleothems are important timekeepers of Earth’s climate history. A key advantage of speleothems is that they can be dated using U–Th techniques. Mass spectrometric methods for measuring U and Th isotopes has led to vast improvements in measurement precision and a dramatic reduction in sample size. As a result, the timing of past climate, environment, and Earth system changes can be investigated at exceptional temporal precision. In this review, we summarize the principles and history of U–Th dating of speleothems. Finally, we highlight three studies that use U–Th dated speleothems to investigate past changes to the Asian monsoon, constrain the timing of sociopolitical change in ancient civilizations, and develop a speleothem-based calibration of the 14C timescale.
MODAL KERJA, SIZE, STRUKTUR MODAL DAN RETURN ON ASSET: STUDI EMPIRIS PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Rian Fransiskus , Wiyono Gendro , Mujino Mujino
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine whether working capital variables, size, and capital structure affect the return on assets. The population in this study are manufacturing companies in various sub-sectors proposed in the Indonesia stock exchange in 2016-2018. The type of data used in this study is secondary data from the company's annual financial statements as a sample that is used and processed using SPSS 16.00. This research uses the classic assumption test and the data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show how working capital (ratio using current ratio, accounts receivable turnover, and net working capital), size, and capital structure (tested using a debt to equity ratio) are considered to compare asset returns.Keywords: working capital, size, capital structure, return on assets ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji apakah variabel modal kerja, ukuran, dan struktur modal berpengaruh terhadap return on assets. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur di berbagai sub sektor yang diusulkan di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2018. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan sebagai sampel yang digunakan dan diolah menggunakan SPSS 16.00. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji asumsi klasik dan metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bagaimana modal kerja (rasio menggunakan rasio lancar, perputaran piutang, dan modal kerja bersih), ukuran, dan struktur modal (diuji menggunakan rasio utang terhadap ekuitas) dipertimbangkan untuk membandingkan pengembalian aset.Kata kunci: modal kerja, ukuran, struktur modal, return on assets
“PENSI BINTEY”: PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI BIG DATA ANALYTICS TERHADAP TERJADINYA AUDIT DELAY
Authors: Tunggal Nicholas Alexander , Elliza Elliza
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Audit delay states the complexity of transactions that occur within a business entity. Many companies have tried to find ways to avoid audit delay conditions in their business processes, one of which is by implementing big data analytics in the company's operational activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of implementing big data analytics on audit delay and several other factors such as company size, company age, company profit and loss, auditor opinion, and reputation of public accounting firms. This study will use empirical data based on publicly traded companies with the 2017-2019 period. The selection for the 2017-2019 period is based on the hypothesis that many companies are starting to apply big data analytics in carrying out their business processes. Big data analytics is projected based on disclosures made by companies. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, big data analysis has no significant effect. This suggests that the accountant/auditor should consider implementing big data analytics because of its complexity.Keywords: audit delay, big data analytics ABSTRAK Audit delay mengindikasikan adanya kompleksitas transaksi yang terjadi dalam suatu entitas bisnis. Banyak perusahaan yang telah mencoba mencari cara agar terhindar dari kondisi audit delay dalam proses bisnisnya, salah satunya dengan mengimplementasikan big data analytics dalam kegiatan operasional perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh implementasi big dataanalytics terhadap audit delay serta beberapa faktor lainnya seperti ukuran perusahaan, umur perusahaan, laba rugi perusahaan, opini auditor, dan juga reputasi kantor akuntan publik. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan data empiris berdasarkan perusahaan go public dengan periode 2017-2019. Pemilihan periode 2017-2019 didasarkan pada mulai banyaknya perusahaan yang menerapkan big data analytics dalam menjalankan proses bisnisnya. Big data analytics diproyeksikan berdasarkan pengungkapan yang dilakukan perusahaan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik, big data analytics tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa akuntan/auditor harus mempertimbangkan pengimplementasian big data analytics karena terkait dengan kompleksitasnya.Kata kunci: audit delay, big data analytics
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NIAT INDIVIDU MELAKUKAN WHISTLEBLOWING: STUDI ANALISIS META
Authors: Alicia Fransiska
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the factors that influence individual intention to do whistleblowing using 10 years of research data. The purpose of this research is to examine the association between Ethical Judgement Whistleblowing, Locus of Control, Organizational Commitment, Fraud Severity Rate, Personal Cost Reporting, Personal Responsibility Reporting, Job Satisfaction, Fair Treatment, Cooperativeness, Moral Reasoning, Anonym Reporting Channels, Education on Whistleblowing, Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control, Organizational Support, Subjective Norms, Professional Commitment, Ethical Climate-Egoism, Ethical Climate-Benevolence, Ethical Climate-Principle, Anticipatory Socialization, Self-Interest, Feel Anger, Ethnic, Self-Efficacy, Managerial Status, Ethical Decision Making, Reward, Corporate Ethical, Gender, Controllability to whistleblowing intention. This research accumulates and integrates existing studies using meta-analysis techniques on 35 sample journals published between 2010-2020. Based on the research results, there are 28 variables as factors that can influence whistleblowing intention.Keywords: whistleblowing, whistleblowing intention, factors affecting whistleblowing, meta-analysis ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat individu melakukan whistleblowing dengan menggunakan 10 tahun data penelitian. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh Ethical Judgement Whistleblowing, Locus of Control, Organizational Commitment, Fraud Severity Rate, Personal Cost Reporting, Personal Responsibility Reporting, Job Satisfaction, Fair Treatment, Cooperativeness, Moral Reasoning, Anonym Reporting Channels, Education on Whistleblowing, Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control, Organizational Support, Subjective Norms, Professional Commitment, Ethical Climate-Egoism, Ethical Climate-Benevolence, Ethical Climate-Principle, Sosialisasi Antisipatif, Self-Interest, Feel Anger, Suku Bangsa, Self-Efficacy, Managerial Status, Ethical Decision Making, Reward, Corporate Ethical, Jenis Kelamin, Controllability terhadap niat whistleblowing. Penelitian ini mengakumulasi dan mengintegrasikan studi yang telah ada dengan menggunakan teknik meta analisis terhadap 35 jurnal sampel yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2010-2020. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 28 variabel sebagai faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi niat whistleblowing.Kata kunci: pengaduan, niat pengaduan, faktor yang mempengaruhi pengaduan, meta analisis
Impacts of climate change on environmental flows in West Africa's Upper Niger Basin and the Inner Niger Delta
Authors: Thompson Julian R. , Laizé Cédric L. R. , Acreman Michael C. , Crawley Andrew , Kingston Daniel G.
Published: July 2021

Modified water regimes due to climate change are likely to be a major cause of freshwater ecosystem alteration. General Circulation Model (GCM)-related uncertainty in environmental flows at 12 gauging stations in the Upper Niger Basin and flooding within the Inner Niger Delta is assessed using the Ecological Risk due to the Flow Alteration method and a hydrological model forced with projections from 12 GCM groups for RCP 4.5 in the 2050s and 2080s. Risk varies between GCM groups and stations. It increases into the future and is larger for changes in low flows compared to high flows. For the ensemble mean, a small minority of GCM groups projects no risk for high flows in the 2050s (low risk otherwise). This reverses for the 2080s. For low flows, no risk is limited to three stations in the 2050s and one station in the 2080s, the other experience either low or medium risk. There is greater consistency in the risk of change in flood extent, especially in the dry season (medium risk for all groups and the ensemble mean). Some (low or medium) risk of change in peak annual inundation is projected for most groups. Changing flood patterns have implications for wetland ecology and ecosystem services.