bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of zinc in powders from electric arc furnaces in steel production
Authors: Boyanov B.S. , Baev T.B.
Published: December 2009

The processing of waste powders from steel production in electric arc furnaces is a world problem. The presence of Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, etc. in the powders makes them a valuable source for these metals. Zinc is the metal that is most often utilized, which leads to reduction of environmental pollution. The greatest problem in this connection is the presence of chlorine and fluorine in the powders, which influences the electroextraction of zinc in a significantly negative way. The presented paper shows the results from the study of the possibilities for zinc leaching from powders obtained in the steel production in Bulgaria. A detailed characterization of the powders was made using chemical analysis, XRD, DTA and TGA and M?sbauer spectroscopy. The results from the powder leaching with different solvents give the reason to recommend a technological scheme for the complete and total processing of the waste powders from steel production.
Leach-SX-EW copper revalorization from overburden of abandoned copper mine Cerovo, Eastern Serbia
Authors: Stevanovic Z. , Antonijevic M. , Jonovic R. , Avramovic Lj. , Markovic R. , Bugarin M. , Trujic V.
Published: December 2009

Hydrometallurgical processes for copper revalorization from overburden of abandoned mine Cerovo in Eastern Serbia were studied. Paper contain results of percolation leaching tests, performed with acidic mine waters accumulated in the bottom of the former open pit, followed by solvent extraction (SX) and electrowinning (EW) processes on achieved copper pregnant leach solutions. Usage of accumulated waste waters was objected to minimizing the environmental hazard due to uncontrolled leaking of these waters in nearby creeks and rivers. Chemical composition of acidic mine waters used for leaching tests was: (g/dm3): Cu - 0.201; Fe - 0.095; Mn - 0.041; Zn - 0.026; Ni - 0.0004; pH value - 3.3. Copper content in overburden sample used for leaching tests was 0.21% from which 64% were oxide copper minerals. In scope of leaching tests were examined influence of leaching solution pH values and iron (III) concentration on copper recovery. It was established that for 120 hours of leaching on pH=1.5 without oxidant agents, copper concentration in pregnant leach solutions enriched up to 1.08g/dm3 which was enough for copper extraction from solution with SX-EW treatment. As extraction reagent in SX circuit was used LIX-984N in a kerosene diluent. Cathode current density in electrowinning cell was 220Am-2 while electrolyte temperature was kept on 50?2oC. Produced cathode copper at the end of SX-EW process has purity of 99.95% Cu.
Kinetics and mechanism of arsenic sulfides oxidation
Authors: Strbac N. , Mihajlovic I. , Minic D. , Zivkovic D. , Zivkovic Z.
Published: December 2009

The kinetics of oxidation process of realgar and orpiment natural mineral mixture was studied under non-isothermal conditions. The proposed reaction mechanism and chemical transformation investigated by SEM-EDX, XRD and thermal analysis, are discussed. Using mathematical modeling on results obtained during analysis in non-isothermal conditions, activation energy of this process was determined.
Impact of the increased active surface of the platinum catalyst on the total ammonia recovery coefficient
Authors: Trumic B. , Stankovic D. , Trujic V.
Published: December 2009

In order to increase the active surface of platinum catalysts for ammonia oxidation and on the basis of theoretic considerations and tests in industrial environment, we have finally decided on their specific design. Efficiency on the newly designed catalyst was checked in industrial circumstances. A comparative analysis of the total ammonia recovery coefficient between the mentioned new catalysts and previously applied platinum catalysts was carried out. All advantages of catalysts with increased active surfaces were confirmed and a new method of their manufacturing process was selected.
Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of BaB6 from molten melt
Authors: Jose T.P. , Sundar L. , Berchmans L.J. , Visuvasam A. , Angappan S.
Published: December 2009

Barium hexaboride (BaB6) crystals were electrochemically synthesized using molten salt technique. Barium carbonate (BaCO3) and boron trioxide (B2O3) was used as reactants. Lithium fluoride (LiF) was used as the supporting electrolyte. The molten electrolyte consisted of 50 wt % BaCO3 and B2O3 with different stiochiometric ratios of Ba and B and 50 wt % lithium fluoride. DTA/TGA studies were made to determine the eutectic point of the melt and it was found to be around 821oC. The electrolytic cell had a high purity graphite crucible, which served as the electrolyte holding vessel and also as the anode for the electrolysis. An electro-polished molybdenum rod was employed as the cathode. The electrolysis was performed at 870?C under argon atmosphere, at current densities ranging from 0.2-0.5 A/cm2. The electrodeposited crystals were examined for the phase identification using X-ray diffraction technique. The AAS and the chemical analysis were made for the determination of chemical composition of the synthesized crystals. The purity of the crystals was also assessed using ICP-MS, XRF and EDX, which reveal that the crystals were associated with trace amount of impurities like oxygen, carbon and iron. The compound is found to be more than 99 % pure. The morphology of the crystals was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). From the above studies, it is concluded that the molten salt process is a simple preparative procedure for the synthesis of sub-micron size barium hexaboride crystals.
Structural and phase composition modification of nanocrystalline Nd14Fe79B7 alloy during thermomagnetic measurements
Authors: Talijan N. , Cosovic V. , Zák T. , Grujic A. , Stajic-Trosic J.
Published: December 2009

Changes in the microstructure parameters, phase composition and magnetic properties of rapid quenched Nd-rich Nd14Fe79B7 alloy caused by thermomagnetic measurement (TM) were studied using XRD methods of phase analysis, crystallite size and lattice microstrain determination. The observed changes were analyzed between the optimized magnetic state of this alloy and state after TM up to 800oC. Measurement of magnetic properties was carried out on the SQUID magnetometer at ambient temperature. The obtained experimental results show that the investigated alloy in the optimized magnetic state has nearly monophase composition with predominant content of hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase (up to 95 mass %) with mean crystallite size below 60 nm. In the state after TM, it was found that the decreased amount of Nd2Fe14B phase (75 mass%), increased amount of soft magnetic phases, predominantly of Fe7Nd5, formation of Nd-rich oxide Nd2O3 phase, as well as grain growth have caused the observed quality loss of hard magnetic properties.
The traces of roman metallurgy in Eastern Serbia
Authors: Petkovic Sofija
Published: December 2009

The archaeological traces of the Roman mining and metallurgy in eastern Serbia are rather frequent but insufficiently studied and published. Three mining-metallurgical regions abounding in gold, silver, copper, iron and lead could be distinguished there: 1. the upper course of the Pek river, metalla Pincensia, 2. the area between Bor, Zlot, Crna Reka and Rgotina and 3. the area in the river basin of Beli Timok, two latter ones had been organized as territoria metallorum. The archeometallurgical sites confirmed by investigations are: Kraku lu Jordan at the confluence of the Brodica river and the Pek river, Rudna Glava, Tilva Ros in Bor, Gamzigrad - Romuliana, Rgotina near Zajecar and Timacum Minus in the village Ravna near Knjazevac. Roman mining-metallurgical activities in eastern Serbia flourished from the end of the 3rd century, were interrupted by the invasion of Huns in AD 441. and restored in the time of emperors Anastasius and Justin I, in the end of the 5th - beginning of the 6th centuries. The Roman mining-metallurgical centers functioned in the 6th century until the Slav invasion in the beginning of the 7th century.
Copper production in Majdanpek in sixties and seventies of the 16th century
Authors: Katic S. , Ilic I. , Zivkovic D.
Published: December 2009

In this paper the practice of mine Majdanpek during sixties and seventies of the XVI century has been investigated with an accent on copper production. The attention has been also given to various subjects from considering copper treatment and use to forbidden activities connected to copper illegal production and trade with Persia.
Synthesis, structure and solvatochromism of 5-methyl-5-(3-or 4-substituted phenyl)hydantoins
Authors: Divjak Natalija , Banjac Nebojsa , Valentic Natasa , Uscumlic Gordana
Published: December 2009

Several 5-methyl-5-(3- or 4-substituted phenyl)hydantoins were prepared and their ultraviolet absorption spectra were recorded in the region 200-400 nm in twelve solvents of different polarity. The effect of solvent dipolarity/ polarizability and solvent/solute hydrogen bonding interactions were analyzed by means of the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) concept proposed by Kamlet and Taft. The lipophilic activity of the investigated hydantoins was estimated by calculation of log P values with Advanced Chemistry Development Software. The calculated values of log P were correlated with the contribution of hydrogen bond donor-solvent interactions. By employing the thus obtained linear dependence, the pharmacological activity of the studied hydantoin derivatives is discussed.
Structural requirements for ligands of the δ-opioid receptor
Authors: Micovic Vuk , Ivanovic Milovan , Dosen-Micovic Ljiljana
Published: December 2009

The ?-opioid receptor is sensitive to ligand geometry. In order to assist the synthesis of new ?-selective opioid ligands, the structure elements of ?-selective opioid ligands necessary for their effective binding were investigated. The automated docking procedure with a flexible ligand was used to simulate the binding of 17 ?-selective ligands to the ?-receptor. It was found that voluminous N-alkyl groups reduce the binding potency of naltrindole derivatives by preventing the ligands from adopting the preferred conformation in the receptor. This was confirmed by enantiospecific binding of chiral compounds where only one enantiomer adopts the naltrindole-like preferred conformation in the binding pocket. Voluminous groups replacing the hydroxyl group in the 3-hydroxybenzyl fragment of naltrindole analogs reduce the binding potency due to unfavorable steric interactions with the receptor. The two diastereoisomers of the potent ?-opioid ligand SNC80 confirmed the preferred binding conformation and the major receptor-ligand interactions.
Fatty acid profile, volatiles and antibacterial screening of lipids of the sponge Fasciospongia cavernosa (Schmidt) collected from the bay of Bengal (Orissa coast)
Authors: Mishra Manjari , Sree Ayinampudi , Acharya Madhusmita , Das Pratap
Published: December 2009

The fatty acid composition as well as the volatiles of a lipophilic extract from the marine sponge Fasciospongia cavernosa (Schmidt) was analyzed. The fatty acids (FA) were characterized by linear saturated fatty acids (33.05 %), branched saturated fatty acids (9.30 %) and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (18.07 %). A significant amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (30.79 %) was found in the total lipid, which included linoleic acid (18:2 n-6, 11.14 %), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid/?-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3, 1.99 %), dihomo-?-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6, 2.03 %) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-3, 0.51 %). An antibacterial assay of the lipid extract of F. cavernosa showed broad-spectrum activity against different human and fish pathogens.
Stone use in Roman towns: Resources, transport, products and clients: Case study Sirmium: Second report
Authors: Djuric Bojan , Davidovic Jasmina , Maver Andreja , Riznar Igor
Published: December 2009

The project work in the 2007 season included the analysis of stone monuments held at the Museum of Srem and across the town of Sremska Mitrovica as well as at Site 1a - Imperial palace. Particular attention was paid to two closed groups: the monolithic altars from the temple of Iuppiter within the statio beneficiarii, made between ca AD100 and 231, and the remains of the temple known as the 'Tetrapylon', consisting of blocks of limestone. The results of the analysis show a parallel and quantitatively comparable use of limestone of Lithotypes I and II for altars dating from ca AD100 to ca 185 as well as a predominance of Lithotype II in later times. The analysis of the limestone blocks used in the construction of the 'Tetrapylon', on the other hand, has shown the material to originate from the Dardagani quarry and revealed an as yet unknown lithotype from the area.
Gilt fibula with Christogram from imperial palace in Sirmium
Authors: Popovic Ivana
Published: December 2009

The foot of gilt bronze fibula was discovered in 2005 during archaeological investigations of locality 85 in Sirmium, that is assumed to have been the remains of the imperial palace. Ornament on the foot enclosed within rectangular field is executed in the niello technique. End of the foot is bent at the right angle and the Christogram is engraved on it with Greek letters alpha and omega engraved above its side arm. The preserved part of fibula makes possible reconstruction of its appearance and attribution to the group of massive bronze crossbow fibulae, which were produced in the second half of the 4th century and characterized by decoration consisting of gilding, niello, Christogram motif and/or the busts of young men in medallions.
Nouvelle nécropole des Grandes migrations de Singidunum
Authors: Ivanisevic Vujadin , Kazanski Michel
Published: December 2009

(francuski) Les auteurs publient une nouvelle n?cropole des Grandes migrations mise au jour ? Singidunum. Il est question de trois tombes dont la derni?re d?gag?e (2/2006) a apport?, gr?ce ? son mobilier fun?raire conserv? intact, d'importantes donn?es sur l'installation des barbares ? Singidunum importante place romaine du limes danubien. Le rituel d'inhumation, avec d?p?t dans la tombe des armes bris?es du d?funt, a ?t? rapproch? des pratiques des Germains danubiens. Cette s?pulture, et plus largement l'ensemble de la n?cropole en question o? ont ?t? inhum?s des guerriers, est dat?e de l'?poque de la domination des Huns.
Mihajlov ponor on Miroc: Tribal cult places
Authors: Jevtic Milos , Pekovic Mirko
Published: December 2009

The locality of Mihajlov ponor on Miroc was discovered at the end of 2004. On that occasion, more than thirty stone constructions were observed, with a diameter from four to 12 m and a height of up to 1.3 m. The majority of these constructions were damaged. In the period from 2005 to 2007, five stone constructions were examined, which, apart from ceramics belonging to the post-Basarabi horizon, were found to contain a large number of metal objects from the Early Iron Age.
Catalogue of small finds from excavations outside the fortified palace of Romuliana, 2005-2007
Authors: Zivic Maja
Published: December 2009

The excavations of the trial trenches extra muros Romuliana, in the 2005-2007 period, were carried out in cooperation with the DAI RGK (R?misch-Germanische Kommission des Deutches Arh?ologische Instituts), in order to verify the results of a previously conducted geophysical survey. Although the number of finds obtained from the eight test-pits (05/1, 05/2, 06/1, 06/2, 07/1, 07/2 07/3 and 07/4), that had been explored during four campaigns, was not big among them we can still find artifacts of great importance for studying the history of Romuliana, relating to the Late Classical and Early Byzantine period, from the end of the III up to the end of the VI century A.D. We point out finds of cruciform, gold fibula, coming from the tomb explored in the year 2005, and a gilded specimen with imperial portraits, from grave 6 explored in 2006. Finds of early Byzantine bronze fibulae, with a reversed back foot, are also of some importance, as well as glass vessels and a large number of iron tools. The finds in the catalogue are listed according to the explored units.
Animal and plant remains in a tomb in test-pit 1/05, outside the fortified imperial palace Felix Romuliana
Authors: Dimitrijevic Vesna , Medovic Aleksandar
Published: December 2009

During the excavations of a tomb located outside the defence walls of the imperial palace, Felix Romuliana, animal and plant remains were collected the analysis of which is the subject of the present study. The faunal remains include the bones and teeth of domestic animals - mule (Equus caballus x Equus asinus), domestic ox (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), sheep or goat (Ovis/Capra), pig (Sus domesticus) and dog (Canis familiaris), a few remains of wild animals - red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fox (Vulpes vulpes), and bone of a bird. Until now, no remains of mule have been discovered on sites originating from the classical period at the territory of Serbia. As for plant remains, pieces of carbonized oak wood (Quercus) and maple wood (Acer) were found, as well as a carbonized seed of a cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera vinifera) and a tiny fruit of goosegrass (Galium aparine).
The new necropolis of the Great migration from Singidunum anthropological analysis
Authors: Miladinovic-Radmilovic Natasa
Published: December 2009

The aim of this study was the anthropological analysis of three German individuals from migration period which were excavated in new, fourth necropolis in Belgrade. Although, skeletal remains were incomplete and fragmentary, we managed to determinate sex and age of each individual (two male and one female adults). To get a complete anthropological picture of buried individuals detailed descriptions of individual skeletal remains for each grave were given. The description comprehended: preservation and completeness of skeletal remains, sex and age estimation, stature estimation dental record, paleopathological finds and skeletal markers of occupational stress. Dental analysis showed presence of caries, attrition, abscess cavities and periodontal disorders. A careful observation of skeletal remains demonstrated that these deceased suffered of bone injuries and fractures joint diseases and circulatory disorders. The markers of occupational stress noticeable on the bones indicated that these two men were probably warriors (one of them was possibly even horseman).
The Effect of Antimony in the Intermediate IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 Oxide Layer on Titanium Substrate for Oxygen Evolution Mn1-x-yMoxSnyO2+x Anodes in Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Bhattarai Jagadeesh
Published: December 2009

An attempt is made to find out the optimal compositions for the intermediate oxide layer of IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 in preventing insulating titanium oxide formation on titanium substrate for the oxygen evolution Mn1-x-yMoxSnyO2+x anodes in electrolysis of 0.5 M NaCl of pH 1 at 1000 A.m-2. Effects of antimony and iridium in the intermediate IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 layer are discussed. The 75 % of the iridium content in the intermediate layer of the oxygen evolution anodes can be substituted by SnO2 and small amount of Sb2O5 to increase the electronic conductivity of the intermediate layer as well as the activity of the Mn1-x-yMoxSnyO2+x/IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5/Ti anodes for seawater electrolysis at pH 1. Although Sb5+ addition is effective in decreasing the Ir4+ concentration in the intermediate layer of the anodes, the Ir1-x-ySnxSbyO2+0.5y intermediate layers with the Sb5+/Sn4+ between 0.125-0.285 in the coating solution showed excellent performance of the oxygen evolution efficiency. All the examined manganese-molybdenum-tin triple oxides, Mn1-x-yMoxSnyO2+x, prepared by anodic deposition on the IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5-coated titanium substrate showed around 99% initial oxygen evolution efficiency at a current density of 1000 A.m-2 in 0.5 M NaCl of pH 1 at 25ºC.Keywords: global CO2 recycling, hydrogen production electrode, IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 layer, 0.5 M NaCl, titanium substrate.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0.2093J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 23, 2008/2009Page: 21-32
Electrochemical Impedance Response of Zn and Galvanized Steel Corroding under Marine Atmospheric Environments
Authors: Yadav Amar Prasad
Published: December 2009

Impedance response of zinc and galvanized steel samples exposed in wet-dry cyclic condition using 0.05 M NaCl solution has been analyzed in order to evaluate their corrosion behavior. The wet-dry cyclic test was performed by exposing sample to alternate conditions of 1 h immersion in 0.05 M NaCl solution and 7 h drying at 298 K with relative humidity (RH) of 60% for 10 days consisting of 30 cycles. After initial exposure to corrosion test, samples showed the evolution of two capacitive loops. However, a sharp decrease of characteristic frequency, characterized by an increase of double layer capacitance in the rage of several mF/cm2, with the progress of corrosion was observed. This was explained by taking into account the coupling of characteristic frequencies of the two capacitive loops due to deposition of thick layer of porous rust. The parameters of diffusion impedance for the cathodic process were estimated from the low frequency capacitive loops attributed to finite Warburg diffusion impedance. A sharp increase of impedance after several days of corrosion in the case of galvanized steel was attributed to the dissolution of Fe-Zn alloy layer that is formed during galvanizing process.Keywords: galvanized steel, zinc, atmospheric corrosion, wet-dry cyclic test.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0.2094J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 23, 2008/2009 page: 33-42
Determination of Chromium in Tannery Effluent and Study of Adsorption of Cr (VI) on Saw dust and Charcoal from Sugarcane Bagasses
Authors: Dhungana T. P. , Yadav P. N.
Published: December 2009

Spectrophotometric method using diphenylcarbazide as a colour developing reagent has been used to analyze the chromium content in tannery effluent located in Bara and Parsa districts of Nepal and Sirsiya River which is an ultimate drainage of these waste water streams. The adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution onto formaldehyde treated sawdust and charcoal of sugarcane begasses has been investigated at various Cr(VI) concentrations of 5-40 mg/L and pH values. From the experimental observations, it has been found that chromium can be removed quantitatively at the equilibrium pH range of around 1 and the adsorption behavior revealed to follow Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.Keywords : chromium, diphenylcarbazide, adsorption.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0.2102Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, Vol. 23, 2008/2009 Page; 93-101
Adsorption Kinetics of Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) onto Saponified Apple Waste
Authors: Homagai Puspa Lal , Paudyal Hari
Published: December 2009

Saponified apple waste gel was prepared in wet condition with calcium hydroxide at highly alkaline medium. The effect of initial concentration, contact time and pH of the solution was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity onto this adsorbent was investigated for Fe(III), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) at their optimal pH of 3, 6, 4.5 and 3.5 respectively. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic model gave better explanation of the adsorption process. For binary mixture of Zn(II) and Cd(II), the separation factor and effect on adsorption capacity for both the metals were investigated.Keywords: adsorption, saponified apple waste, bioadsorption.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0.2103Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, Vol. 23, 2008/2009 Page: 102-105
The Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Steel Wires of Nepal in Different Environments
Authors: Bhattarai Jagadish
Published: December 2009

The electrochemical behavior of carbon steel wires of Nepal is studied in 1 M HCl, 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaOH solutions at 25°C, open to air using immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. The corrosion rates of the carbon steel wires were found to be about 20-50 mm/y in acidic 1 M HCl and 0.1-0.2 mm/y in neutral 0.5 M NaCl. The corrosion rate of all the examined steel wires in alkaline 1 M NaOH solution (that is, 7 - 18 x 10-3 mm/y) was found nearly three orders of magnitude lower corrosion resistance than in 1 M HCl solution at 25°C, mostly due to an ennoblement of the open circuit potentials of the steel wires at passive potential regions (that is, -200 to 250 mV vs SCE) in 1 M NaOH solution. The steel wires seem to be very corrosion resistance materials in very alkaline environments like cement-based materials. Keywords: Carbon steel wire; Corrosion tests; Polarization measurement; HCl;  NaCl and NaOH solutionsDOI: 10.3126/jncs.v24i0.2388Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 31-38
Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Paracetamol
Authors: Shrestha Buddha Ratna , Pradhananga Raja Ram
Published: December 2009

Paracetamol with 1-napthol or resorcinol gave azodye and the concentration of paracetamol was investigated spectrophotometrically. The azodyes formed with both 1-napthol and resorcinol as coupling agents follow Lambert Beer's law in the range of 0 to 10 µgmL-1 of paracetamol. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity for azodye coupled with 1-napthol were found to be 1.68×104 Lmol-1cm-1 and 9.0 ngmL-1cm-2, respectively. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity for azodye coupled with resorcinol were found to be 2.86×104 Lmol-1cm-1 and 5.3 ngmL-1cm-2, respectively. Both coupling agents had been applied successfully in the analysis of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparation. The relative standard deviation for all five samples ranged from 2.2-6.4% at 95% confidence. The percentage recoveries were found to range from 97.8 to 103.4. Both methods used in the present study may be applied to the determination of trace amount of paracetamol in different clinical samples. Keyword: Paracetamol; Spectrophotometric; 1-napthol; Resorcinol DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v24i0.2389 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 39-44
Deexcitation Probabilities of Ne(3P2) by Kr for the Case E << D
Authors: Khadka Deba Bahadur
Published: December 2009

The deexcitation probability calculation of the total Penning ionization cross section for Ne(3P2) by Kr has been made in the region of the collisional energy from 18.5 to 38.1 meV. Considering the magnitude of the mean collisional energy with respect to D, the application of the analysis in the case E >> D is expected to be more appropriate than in the case E << D. Theoretical investigations of Ne(3P2) by Kr for the case E >> D are also needed.Keywords: metastable atoms, resonance atoms, deexcitation cross sections, pulse radiolysis, impact parameter.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v24i0.2390Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol.24 Page 45-48
Detection of intrapartum fetal hypoxia using admission test (AT)
Authors: Gurung Geeta , Rana Ashma , Giri Kanti
Published: December 2009

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to find out the effectiveness of admission test (AT) in detecting fetal hypoxia in labour and to correlate the results of AT with perinatal outcome. Methods: This was a prospective study, conducted in the department of Ob/Gyn, TU, Teaching Hospital. A total of 100 women in labour were selected for the study. All of them were subjected to Admission test which is 15-20 minutes recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions on cardiotocograph machine at the time of admission in labour. The result of AT were not revealed to concerned Obstetrician in labour room and the labouring women and the results of the test were evaluated after delivery so that the clinical management is not changed according to the AT result. Result: The results of AT were: Reactive in 73%, Equivocal in 23% and Ominous in 4%. Women with reactive AT had low risk of developing intraapartum fetal distress (1%) as compared to 4.3% of equivocal and 50% of ominous group. Operative delivery for fetal distress was required in only 1.4% of reactive group in comparison to 4.3% of equivocal and 50% of ominous group. Resuscitation was required in 1.4% of reactive group, 8.7% of equivocal and 25% of ominous group. Four babies required neonatal unit and NICU admission for neonatal sepsis (2 from reactive, 2 from equivocal group) and none suffered from intranatal hypoxia. Conclusion: The AT seems to be useful to detect fetal distress already present at admission and seems to have some predictive value for fetal well being for the next few hours of labour. Key words: Admission test, Cardiotocograph, fetal heart rate, fetal distress, fetal hypoxia, perinatal outcome.   doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.1487 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 10 - 13 Nov-Dec 2006
Active management of third stage of labor: Assessment of standard of care in one of the training institute
Authors: Upadhyay Meera , Sharma Gaurav , Chataut Dinesh
Published: December 2009

Objective: To find out the quality of service (standard steps of the procedures) incorporated in the active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) in Maternity Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: Prospective (single blind) study, where the (uninformed) service providers had no knowledge that they were being assessed of their performances regarding the proper conduct of the AMTSL, in randomly selected 325 laboring women during all shifts of the day by 4 interns who carefully documented the findings in pre prepared standard 3 month duration reference during in the year 2061/2062 (2004/2005) in Maternity Hospital Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. Results: (Pre) loading of oxytocin was correctly done immediately when the women were seen to bear down at second stage of labor. In 99.5% of cases (irrespective of duty shift). In 5.8 % of cases, the oxytocin doses were different from standard 10 units. The possibility of second twin was not ruled out in 81.9% before the administration of 10 units of IM oxytocin. Moreover, the study that controlled cord traction was revealed or showed applied in 50% of the cases without confirming uterine contraction while counter traction to the uterus was given in most of the cases (98.5%) along with effective examination of the placenta for its completeness in 98.2 % cases. Conclusion: This study shows that improvement in the standard AMTSL practices is still needed in the training providing institution, which demand ensuring the absence of twin tactfully before giving IM oxytocin within 2 minutes invariably after the delivery of the babies and also in giving slight traction on to the umbilical cord gently during uterine contraction along with counter traction to the uterus. Key words: Active management of third stage of labor AMTSL, oxytocin, uterine massage.   doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2394 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 28-30 Nov-Dec 2006
Emergency peripartum hysterectomy
Authors: Singh Alka , Hada Meera , Yangzom Kundu , GC Anita
Published: December 2009

Objectives: To review the incidence, risk factors, indications, outcomes, and complications of emergency peripartum hysterectomy performed after cesarean section and vaginal deliveries. Study design: A nine years retrospective study of all those cases who underwent peripartum hysterectomy at Patan Hospital from the year 1997 to 2005. Results: There were total 28 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomy, 16 caesarean hysterectomies, and 12 postpartum hysterectomies, with the incidence of 1 per 1364 deliveries. The most common indication for hysterectomy was uterine atony (35.7%) followed by uterine rupture (25%). Average estimated blood loss was 1600 ml, average time from delivery to hysterectomy was 130 minutes, the most common post operative complication was unspecified fever and the average length of hospitalization was 11.17 days. There was only one maternal mortality with 32% maternal morbidity and four perinatal mortality. Conclusion: Peripartum hysterectomy is usually associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality yet it remains a potentially life saving procedure. Timely decision to intervene is essential for the optimum outcome. Uterine atony is the leading indication for emergency hysterectomy performed followed by rupture uterus and morbid adherent placenta. Key Words: Caesarean hysterectomy; Peripartum hysterectomy; Postpartum hysterectomy doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2395 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 33-36 Nov-Dec 2006
Uterine Myoma: A Profile of Nepalese women
Authors: Pradhan Pramila , Acharya Nitish , Kharel Binit , Manjin Manoj
Published: December 2009

Objectives: To determine the most common age and parity for the development of myoma uteri. To find out any relation between age of the last child and the development of myoma uteri. To determine the treatment protocal and outcome of treatment. Materials/methods: This study was carried out at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from Jan 2001 to 31st June 2006. All cases of myoma uteri admitted in Gynaecological ward was included.. Histological evidence of myoma confirmed the diagnosis. Age, parity and age of the last child, clinical features, surgical procedures and outcome of surgery were considered. Results: A total of 137 cases of myoma uteri was operated during five and half years period. This represented 38.5 %of all abdominal hysterectomy performed during the same period. The mean age was 43.3 years with median parity at 1-3 and the mean age of last child at 12years. Excessive menstrual bleeding 73.0%, abdominal mass and pain 58.4%, dysmenorrhea 18.2% and infertility 7.3% were the common symptoms. Total abdominal hysterectomy was the mainstay of treatment. Patients were happy with the treatment specially those with severe and multiple symptoms Postoperative complications were not significant. There was one death due to pulmonary embolism who had mesothelioma of pleura diagnosed by pleural biopsy before operation. Conclusion: Early marriage and early completion of the family is the social trend in Nepalese society. Myoma is common in 4th-5th decade of life in multi parity with the age of last child around 12years. This long standing secondary infertility may be an underlying risk factor in the development of myoma uteri.   doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2397 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 47-50 Nov-Dec 2006
Myomectomy for degenerated myoma
Authors: Adhikari Shilu , Amatya Archana , Gurung Geeta , Rana Ashma
Published: December 2009

Degenerative changes in myomas found in the reproductive age group in day to day life is much lower than reported and in this respect we present as unusual case of myoma size 15 x 20 cm with myxoid degeneration in a 23 year old nulliparous lady presenting with menorrhagia, increased frequency of micturition who underwent myomectomy even after cystic changes was seen on USG and CT scan; this case indicating the importances of organ preserving surgery in young women. Key words: cystic changes, lump in lower abdomen, menorrhagia, myoma, myomectomy doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2403 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 66-68 Nov-Dec 2006
Ovarian thecoma- an incidental finding in a patient with UVprolapse
Authors: Rawal Suniti , Bista Kesang D , Gurung Geeta , Rana Ashma
Published: December 2009

A seventy two year old postmenopausal multiparous lady who presented with III° uterovaginal prolapse was found to have a solid mass palpable through the vaginal fornices for which the vaginal procedure was deferred for abdominal hysterectomy. A solid mass resembling fibrothecoma was discovered which after histopathological examination was reported to be thecoma pointing out the importance of preoperative evaluation. Key words: post menopausal ovarian tumor, thecoma, uterovaginal prolapse with ovarian tumor doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2404 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 69-70 Nov-Dec 2006
The Fetish is Always Actual, Revolution is Always Virtual: From Noology to Noopolitics
Authors: Read Jason
Published: December 2009

By most accounts Deleuze's engagement with Marx begins with the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia he co-authored with Félix Guattari. However, Deleuze's Difference and Repetition alludes to a connection between Deleuze's critique of common sense and Marx's theory of fetishism, suggesting a connection between the critique of the image of thought and the critique of capital. By tracing this connection from its emergence in the early texts on noology, or the image of thought, to the development in the critique of state thought in A Thousand Plateaus, it can be argued that what initially appears as an entirely infra-philosophical problem, concerned with the presuppositions of philosophy, is not only a political problem as well, but ultimately bears on the very nature of the conjunction between thought and politics, making possible a re-examination of what is meant by revolutionary thought. It is a transition from noology to noopolitics. In the end it can be argued that revolutionary thought is no longer an eschatology, attempting to discern the signs of the future revolution in the present, but a thought oriented towards everything that exceeds the fetish of society, towards the virtual relations and micropolitical transformations that constitute society but exceed its representation.
Hydroisomerization of n-Butane over Platinum-Promoted Cesium Hydrogen Salt of 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid
Authors: Liu Yanyong , Misono Makoto
Published: December 2009

The hydroisomerization of n-butane was carried out in a fixed-bed gas-flow reactor over Pt-promoted Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 (denoted as Cs2.5). Two kinds of catalysts, a direct impregnation of Pt on Cs2.5 (denoted as Pt/Cs2.5), as well as a mechanical mixture of Pt/Al2O3 and Cs2.5 (denoted as Pt/Al2O3+Cs2.5), were used for the hydroisomerization. Pt/Al2O3+Cs2.5 showed a higher stationary activity than Pt/Cs2.5 because the Pt particles supported on Al2O3 were much smaller than those supported on Cs2.5. The initial activity decreased with increasing H2 pressure over Pt/Al2O3+Cs2.5. This indicates that the hydroisomerization of n-butane over Pt/Al2O3+Cs2.5 proceeded through a bifunctional mechanism, in which n-butane was hydrogenated/dehydrogenated on Pt sites and was isomerized on acid sites of Cs2.5. For the hydroisomerization of n-butane over Pt/Al2O3+Cs2.5 the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation on Pt sites is a limiting step at a low Pt loading and the isomerization on solid acid sites is a limiting step at a high Pt loading. During the reaction, hydrogen molecules were dissociated to active hydrogen atoms on Pt sites, and then the formed active hydrogen atoms moved to the solid acid sites of Cs2.5 (spillover effect) to eliminate the carbonaceous deposits and suppress the catalyst deactivation. Because Cs2.5 has suitably strong and uniformly-distributed solid acid sites, Pt/Al2O3+Cs2.5 showed a higher stationary activity than Pt/Al2O3+H-ZSM-5 and Pt/Al2O3+SO4/ZrO2 for the hydroisomerization of n-butane at a low H2 pressure.
A Self-Propagating Foaming Process of Porous Al-Ni Intermetallics Assisted by Combustion Reactions
Authors: Kobashi Makoto , Kanetake Naoyuki
Published: December 2009

The self-propagating foaming process of porous Al-Ni intermetallics was investigated. Aluminum and nickel powders were blended, and titanium and boron carbide powders were added as reactive exothermic agents. The blended powder was extruded to make a rod-shape precursor. Only one end of the rod precursor was heated to ignite the reaction. The reaction propagated spontaneously throughout the precursor. Pore formation took place at the same time as the reaction occurred. Adding the exothermic agent was effective to increase the porosity. Preheating the precursor before the ignition was also very effective to produce porous Al-Ni intermetallics with high porosity.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Pyridinium Salts
Authors: Alptüzün Vildan , Parlar Sülünay , Taşlı Hüseyin , Erciyas Ercin
Published: December 2009

Some substituted benzylidenehydrazinylpyridinium derivatives bearing benzyl, ethylphenyl and propylphenyl groups on the pyridinium nitrogen were synthesized and screened for possible antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using the microdilution method. Antimicrobial test results indicated that compounds containing a 3-phenylpropyl chain displayed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the compound 3d was the most active in the series against all tested bacteria and fungi strains.
1-Arylsulfonyl-2-(Pyridylmethylsulfinyl) Benzimidazoles as New Proton Pump Inhibitor Prodrugs
Authors: Shin Jai Moo , Sachs George , Cho Young-moon , Garst Michael
Published: December 2009

New arylsulfonyl proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prodrug forms were synthesized. These prodrugs provided longer residence time of an effective PPI plasma concentration, resulting in better gastric acid inhibition.
Whey Protein Ingestion Activates mTOR-dependent Signalling after Resistance Exercise in Young Men: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Farnfield Michelle  M. , Carey Kate  A. , Gran Petra , Trenerry Marissa  K. , Cameron-Smith David
Published: December 2009

The effect of resistance exercise with the ingestion of supplementary protein on the activation of the mTOR cascade, in human skeletal muscle has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the impact of a single bout of resistance exercise, immediately followed by a single dose of whey protein isolate (WPI) or placebo supplement, on the activation of mTOR signalling was analyzed. Young untrained men completed a maximal single-legged knee extension exercise bout and were randomized to ingest either WPI supplement (n = 7) or the placebo (n = 7). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before, and 2, 4 and 24 hr post-exercise. WPI or placebo ingestion consumed immediately post-exercise had no impact on the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). However, WPI significantly enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR (Ser2448), 4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) and p70S6K (Thr389) at 2 hr post-exercise. This study demonstrates that a single dose of WPI, when consumed in modest quantities, taken immediately after resistance exercise elicits an acute and transient activation of translation initiation within the exercised skeletal muscle.
Remote Sensing and Skywave Digital Communication from Antarctica
Authors: Bergadà Pau , Deumal Marc , Vilella Carles , Regué Joan R. , Altadill David , Marsal Santi
Published: December 2009

This paper presents an overview of the research activities undertaken by La Salle and the Ebro Observatory in the field of remote sensing. On 2003 we started a research project with two main objectives: implement a long-haul oblique ionospheric sounder and transmit the data from remote sensors located at the Spanish Antarctic station Juan Carlos I to Spain. The paper focuses on a study of feasibility of two possible physical layer candidates for the skywave link between both points. A DS-SS based solution and an OFDM based solution are considered to achieve a reliable low-power low-rate communication system between Antarctica and Spain.
Viral Hybrid Vectors for Somatic Integration - Are They the Better Solution?
Authors: Müther Nadine , Noske Nadja , Ehrhardt Anja
Published: December 2009

The turbulent history of clinical trials in viral gene therapy has taught us important lessons about vector design and safety issues. Much effort was spent on analyzing genotoxicity after somatic integration of therapeutic DNA into the host genome. Based on these findings major improvements in vector design including the development of viral hybrid vectors for somatic integration have been achieved. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of available hybrid vectors utilizing viruses for high transduction efficiencies in concert with various integration machineries for random and targeted integration patterns. It discusses advantages but also limitations of each vector system.
EDUCATION THROUGH E-LEARNING: CASE OF SERBIA
Authors: Marković Mirjana Radović
Published: December 2009

The objective of this paper is to analyze education through e‐learning. The author presents an overview of some recent projects with focus on Serbia and uses their results to discuss advantages of using e‐learning as an alternative opportunity and support to “face-to-face” education. From the author's viewpoint, it is believed that online learning will not replace face-to-face learning but still should be offered as a style of learning that suits students needs. Through the research done on this subject, it has been identified that online learning can assist in complementing studies when coupled with face-to-face learning. In addition, the author's findings suggest that without good policy and financial support there is no good interaction between e-learning (classroom learning )or face-to-face learning and e-learning.
What Makes a Generic Medication Generic?
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: December 2009

By law, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can approve generic versions of brand-name drugs without requiring that research be conducted to prove them safe and effective. However, compared with a brand-name drug, a generic drug must demonstrate that it (a) contains the same active ingredients; (b) is identical in strength, dosage form, and route of administration; (c) is bioequivalent; (d) has the same clinical use indications; (e) meets the same batch requirements for identity, strength, purity, and quality; and (f) is manufactured according to the same FDA regulations. The most important aspect of generic drug development are the concepts of
bioavailability
and
bioequivalence.
According to the concept of bioequivalence, if a drug product contains an active ingredient that is chemically identical and is delivered to the site of action at the same rate and extent as another drug product, then it is considered to be clinically equivalent and can be substituted for that drug product.
Effect of NIDEK Optimized Aspheric Transition Zone Ablation Profile on Higher Order Aberrations During LASIK for Myopia
Authors: Kosaki Ryo , Maeda Naoyuki , Hayashi Hitoshi , Fujikado Takashi , Okamoto Shigeki
Published: December 2009

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of the Optimized Aspheric Transition zone profile (OATz) that was devised to minimize the “red ring” in corneal topography on ocular higher order aberrations following LASIK for myopia.

Methods:

Laser in situ keratomileusis with OATz using the Nidek Advanced Vision Excimer Laser Platform (NAVEX) was performed on 22 eyes with a 4.5-mm optical zone and 8.0-mm transition zone (OATz group). Conventional LASIK was performed on 11 eyes with a 6.0-mm optical zone and 7.0-mm transition zone as a control (conventional group). The higher order aberrations for the central 6-mm diameter were measured at 1 month postoperatively using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. In addition to the spherical aberration, the magnitude and orientation of trefoil, coma, tetrafoil, and secondary astigmatism were compared between two groups using Zernike vector analysis.

Results:

The mean magnitude (root-mean-square) of the total higher order aberrations in the conventional group (0.70±0.28 µm) was significantly higher than that in the OATz group (0.51±0.15 µm,
P
<.05, unpaired
t
test). For spherical aberration, the OATz group had significantly lower values (0.22±0.17 µm) than the conventional group (0.38±0.23 µm,
P
<.05). The magnitude of coma in the conventional group was also higher than that in the OATz group (
P
<.05), and the mean axis of coma was 8.6° in the conventional group and 64.3° in the OATz group. No statistically significant differences were noted in the magnitude and axes of trefoil, tetrafoil, or secondary astigmatism between the two groups.

Conclusions:

The OATz profile may decrease the surgically induced increase of higher order aberrations, especially spherical aberration, following LASIK. However, a study with equivalent treatment groups and larger sample sizes is required for a definitive conclusion. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:331–338.]