bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heparin Anti-Xa Activity, a Readily Available Unique Test to Quantify Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Fondaparinux, and Danaparoid Levels
Authors: Boissier Elodie , Senage Thomas , Babuty Antoine , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle , Rozec Bertrand , Roussel Jean-Christian , Sigaud Marianne , Ternisien Catherine , Trossaert Marc , Fouassier Marc , Lakhal Karim
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Despite their usefulness in perioperative and acute care settings, factor-Xa inhibitor-specific assays are scarcely available, contrary to heparin anti-Xa assay. We assessed whether the heparin anti-Xa assay can (1) be used as a screening test to rule out apixaban, rivaroxaban, fondaparinux, and danaparoid levels that contraindicate invasive procedures according to current guidelines (>30 ng·mL−1, >30 ng·mL−1, >0.1 µg·mL−1, and >0.1 IU·mL−1, respectively), (2) quantify the anticoagulant level if found significant, that is, if it exceeded the abovementioned threshold.

METHODS:

In the derivation cohort then in the validation cohort, via receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, we evaluated the ability of heparin anti-Xa assay to detect levels of factor-Xa inhibitors above or below the abovementioned safety thresholds recommended for an invasive procedure (screening test). Among samples with relevant levels of factor-Xa inhibitor, we determined the conversion factor linking the measured level and heparin anti-Xa activity in a derivation cohort. In a validation cohort, the estimated level of each factor-Xa inhibitor was thus inferred from heparin anti-Xa activity. The agreement between measured and estimated levels of factor-Xa inhibitors was assessed.

RESULTS:

Among 989 (355 patients) and 756 blood samples (420 patients) in the derivation and validation cohort, there was a strong linear relationship between heparin anti-Xa activities and factor-Xa inhibitors measured level (r = 0.99 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.99–0.99]). In the derivation cohort, heparin anti-Xa activity ≤0.2, ≤0.3, <0.1, <0.1 IU·mL−1 reliably ruled out a relevant level of apixaban, rivaroxaban, fondaparinux, and danaparoid, respectively (area under the ROC curve ≥0.99). In the validation cohort, these cutoffs yielded excellent classification accuracy (≥96%). If this screening test indicated relevant level of factor-Xa inhibitor, estimated and measured levels closely agreed (Lin’s correlation coefficient close to its maximal value: 95% CI, 0.99–0.99). More than 96% of the estimated levels fell into the predefined range of acceptability (ie, 80%–120% of the measured level).

CONCLUSIONS:

A unique simple test already widely used to assay heparin was also useful for quantifying these 4 other anticoagulants. Both clinical and economic impacts of these findings should be assessed in a specific study.
An Observational Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Surgeon-Performed Intercostal Nerve Blockade With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Posterior-Lateral Thoracotomy Analgesia
Authors: Manson William C. , Blank Randal S. , Martin Linda W. , Alpert Salome B. , Dobrzanski Tomasz P. , Schneider Eric B. , Ratcliffe Sarah J. , Durieux Marcel E.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Intercostal nerve blocks with liposomal bupivacaine are commonly used for thoracic surgery pain management. However, dose scheduling is difficult because the pharmacokinetics of a single-dose intercostal injection of liposomal bupivacaine has never been investigated. The primary aim of this study was to assess the median time to peak plasma concentration (T
max) following a surgeon-administered, single-dose infiltration of 266 mg of liposomal bupivacaine as a posterior multilevel intercostal nerve block in patients undergoing posterolateral thoracotomy.

METHODS:

We chose a sample size of 15 adults for this prospective observational study. Intercostal injection of liposomal bupivacaine was considered time 0. Serum samples were taken at the following times: 5, 15, and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The presence of sensory blockade, rescue pain medication, and pain level were recorded after the patient was able to answer questions.

RESULTS:

Forty patients were screened, and 15 patients were enrolled in the study. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) T
max was 24 (12) hours (confidence interval [CI], 19.5–28.5 hours) with a range of 15 minutes to 48 hours. The median (IQR) peak plasma concentration (C
max) was 0.6 (0.3) μg/mL (CI, 00.45–0.74 μg/mL) in a range of 0.3–1.2. The serum bupivacaine concentration was undetectable (<0.2 μg/mL) at 96 hours in all patients. There was significant variability in reported pain scores and rescue opioid medication across the 15 patients. More than 50% of patients had return of normal chest wall sensation at 48 hours. All patients had resolution of nerve blockade at 96 hours. No patients developed local anesthetic toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study of the pharmacokinetics of liposomal bupivacaine following multilevel intercostal nerve blockade demonstrates significant variability and delay in systemic absorption of the drug. Peak serum concentration occurred at 48 hours or sooner in all patients. The serum bupivacaine concentration always remained well below the described toxicity threshold (2 μg/mL) during the 96-hour study period.
Factors Associated With Postadenotonsillectomy Unexpected Admissions in Children
Authors: Subramanyam Rajeev , Willging Paul , Ding Lili , Yang Gang , Varughese Anna
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Postadenotonsillectomy unexpected admission remains an important challenge. Unexpected admissions can be quite frightening, increase health care burden, and cause unnecessary suffering in children and families. Identifying factors associated with postadenotonsillectomy unexpected admissions using a pragmatic approach could lead to a shift in the assessment and management of children presenting for adenotonsillectomy.

METHODS:

Institutional review board (IRB) approval, consent, and assent were obtained for this single-center, prospective, observational study done in children aged 0–17 years undergoing tonsillectomy. Data were collected from direct observation, electronic medical record, and phone calls using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Incidence, causes, and factors associated with 3-week and 3-day postadenotonsillectomy unexpected admissions were analyzed.

RESULTS:

The study included 2375 children. Clinical intraoperative adverse events were reported in 6.2%. Three-week and 3-day unexpected admissions occurred in 7.9% and 5.9%, respectively, with bleeding being the commonest reason for both. On multivariable analysis, for 3-week unexpected admissions, the odds ratio was 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.45–1.69) with using preoperative medications, 1.4 (1.02–1.97) with home medications for comorbidities, 0.56 (0.34–0.90) with using intraoperative acetaminophen, and 0.60 (0.36–0.94) with otolaryngologic preoperative comorbidity versus otherwise. For 3-day unexpected admissions, the odds ratio was 1.10 (1.05–1.16) with 1 U increase in total comorbidities, 1.70 (1.03–2.81) with the presence of recent upper respiratory infection, and 1.83 (1.16–2.90) with intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia induction.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall, our study shows the factors that contribute to unexpected admissions postadenotonsillectomy. Identification of both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with unexpected admissions after adenotonsillectomy will enable appropriate risk mitigation.
Hierarchical natural move Monte Carlo refines flexible RNA structures into cryo-EM densities
Authors: Chang Jeng-Yih , Cui Zhicheng , Yang Kailu , Huang Jianhua , Minary Peter , Zhang Junjie
Published: August 2020

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) play essential roles in living cells. Many of them fold into defined three-dimensional (3D) structures to perform functions. Recent advances in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have enabled structure determinations of RNA to atomic resolutions. However, most RNA molecules are structurally flexible, limiting the resolution of their structures solved by cryo-EM. In modeling these molecules, several computational methods are limited by the requirement of massive computational resources and/or the low efficiency in exploring large-scale structural variations. Here we use hierarchical natural move Monte Carlo (HNMMC), which takes advantage of collective motions for groups of nucleic acid residues, to refine RNA structures into their cryo-EM maps, preserving atomic details in the models. After validating the method on a simulated density map of tRNA, we applied it to objectively obtain the model of the folding intermediate for the specificity domain of ribonuclease P fromBacillus subtilisand refine a flexible ribosomal RNA (rRNA) expansion segment from theMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) ribosome in different conformational states. Finally, we used HNMMC to model atomic details and flexibility for two distinct conformations of the complete genomic RNA (gRNA) inside MS2, a single-stranded RNA virus, revealing multiple pathways for its capsid assembly.
ПАРАМЕТР ПРЕДСТАВИМОСТИ СЛОВА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ТЕОРИИ ПРОТОТИПОВ
Authors: Natpit Aydysmaa Andreevna
Published: August 2020

Статья посвящена проблеме изучения теории прототипов и ее взаимосвязи с представимостью слова как психолингвистическим параметром. Вопрос рассматривается с точки зрения когнитивной лингвистики и семантики прототипов.Целью исследования является выявление связи между теоретическим понятием прототипа и представимостью слова как субъективным параметром последнего.Методы или методология проведения работы. В ходе работы над статьей были применены общенаучные методы анализа и систематизации научных данных, а также элементы сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа.Результаты. Результаты теоретического анализа и экспериментальной работы демонстрируют, что между понятиями «прототип» и «представимость» невозможно поставить знак равенства. Более того, отмечена обратная корреляция.Область применения результатов. Результаты работы вносят определенный вклад в экспериментальную психолингвистику, поскольку позволяют уточнить интерпретацию результатов процедуры психолингвистической параметризации слов: в статье демонстрируется, что слово с высоким индексом представимости – это не всегда лучший представитель категории.
ПОНИМАНИЕ И ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ КАК ЭТАПЫ ПРОЦЕССА ПЕРЕВОДА ПОЭТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕКСТА
Authors: Pavlenko Alexander Igorevich
Published: August 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в рамках современной антропоцентрической парадигмы в лингвистике проблеме понимания переводчиком текста оригинала произведения, в частности поэтического. Предметом анализа выступают понимание и интерпретация, рассматриваемые как компоненты процесса перевода и как его результат. Автор ставит целью произвести терминологическое разграничение вышеупомянутых понятий; выделить этапы переводческого процесса с учётом данного разграничения; сформулировать основы адекватного понимания и интерпретации поэтического произведения.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза. Метод анализа применён с целью выделения видов понимания, на основе чего синтезирована модель трёхфазного процесса перевода.Результаты. Автор указывает на возможность рассмотрения понимания в переводоведении как процесса выделения смыслов произведения и как результата умственного восприятия текста. Интерпретация определяется как один из типов понимания, в ходе которого происходит «пересечение двух автономных кругозоров» отправителя и получателя. На основе данных положений понимание и интерпретация выделяются в качестве первого и второго этапа трёхфазного процесса перевода. В качестве основ адекватного понимания и интерпретации поэтического текста определяются: учёт переводчиком эмоционального аспекта в ходе прочтения произведения и стремление к объективности; анализ произведения в контексте как прошлого, так и настоящего; учёт индивидуально-личностных особенностей автора; рассмотрение произведения в рамках всего творчества его создателя; осуществление лексико-семантического анализа произведения.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере теории и практики художественного перевода, в ходе анализа поэтического текста.
МИФ О ВЕЛИКОМ ГРЕШНИКЕ В РОМАНАХ Д.И. СТАХЕЕВА «СТУДЕНТЫ» И «НЕУГАСАЮЩИЙ СВЕТ»
Authors: Ramazanova Lilia Mudarisovna , Sharafutdinova Elmira Maratovna , Sadrieva Yulduz Yulduz Ildusovna , Bozhkova Galina Nikolaevna
Published: August 2020

Цель настоящего исследования заключается в анализе сюжетов романов Д.И. Стахеева «Студенты» и «Неугасающий свет» на предмет их соответствие богословской триаде «грех – покаяние – спасение».Научная новизна исследования заключается в том, что произведения Д.И. Стахеева впервые рассматриваются с точки зрения наличия в них мифа о великом грешнике.Методы исследования. Для достижения цели были применены следующие теоретические методы исследования: анализ философской, психологической, социологической литературы по теме исследования, а также художественных произведений русской литературы ХIХ в; синтез для изучения передового философского, литературоведческого опыта рассмотрения мифа о великом грешнике, приобретения углубленного представления о богословской триаде и получения цельной картины изучаемого процесса; абстрагирование при изучении влияния мифа о великом грешнике на эволюцию героев в романах Д.И. Стахеева; опора на культурно-исторический метод при интерпретации художественных произведений; социокультурный при рассмотрении мифа о великом грешнике в более широком ракурсе с использованием литературного контекста; применение типологического подход позволяет констатировать типологическую общность героев, наделённых признаками богословской триады.Результаты исследования. Рассматриваемый в статье феномен представляет собой явление более высокого порядка, некий «сверхсюжет», в который могут легко вписаться самые разнообразные сюжеты, удовлетворяющие единственному требованию: потенциальному соответствию богословской триаде «грех – покаяние – спасение» [5]. В произведениях Д.И. Стахеева не все грешники, подобно А.П. Размашилову («Неугасающий свет»), С.С. Голубеву («Студенты»), реализуют архитепическую богословскую триаду. Так, в романе «Неугасающий свет» лишён покаяния и спасения П.П. Подберезин, а в романе «Студенты» – К.А. Ястребинский. Таким образом, можно констатировать появление новых типов героев-грешников.Область применения результатов. Полученные в процессе исследования данные могут быть использованы при дальнейшем освещении вопроса о соответствии тех или иных произведений богословской триаде «грех – покаяние – спасение»; при разработке конспектов уроков и факультативных занятий, как по творчеству Д.И. Стахеева, так и других деятелей литературы в школе; при разработке лекций и практических задания по дисциплинам «Литературное краеведение» или «Регионоведение» в вузе.
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБРАЗНЫХ СРАВНЕНИЙ СМЕХА И ПЛАЧА
Authors: Tovkaylo Yuliia Anatolievna
Published: August 2020

Цель. В данной статье рассматриваются функционально-семантические особенности образных сравнений в составе сравнительных конструкций на примере образных сравнений смеха и плача.Метод или методология проведения работы. Методологическую основу исследования составили следующие методы: метод сплошной выборки, сравнительно-сопоставительный, метод компонентного анализа, контекстуальный анализ.Результаты. Статья посвящена детальному анализу сравнительных конструкций смеха и плача, раскрыта их структура, дана характеристика каждого компонента, классифицированы образные сравнения по особенностям их фреймовой структуры и лексической сочетаемости. Сделан вывод об универсальных, национально-специфических и гендерных признаках образных сравнений смеха и плача.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере лексикологии, стилистики, функциональной семантики и когнитивной лингвистики.
ГРАФОН КАК СРЕДСТВО РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕЧИ ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫХ ГЕРОЕВ
Authors: Gorbachyova Irina Aleksandrovna , Grigoryan Mikhail Valerievich
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматриваются процессы функционирования графона как графо-фонетического стилистического средства репрезентации патологической речи литературных героев. Актуальность темы обусловлена вниманием ученых разных областей знания к особенностям речи персонажей, страдающих теми или иными формами афазий, заиканий и других когнитивных нарушений. Особый акцент делается на рассмотрении изменений, протекающих на фонетическом ярусе языковой системы. Целью исследования является анализ функционального богатства графона как средства, способного передать различные дефекты человеческой речи на письме, а также определить, какими изменениями в фонетической структуре речевых высказываний обусловлены отступления от нормативного написания при его использовании. Наряду с решением основной задачи исследования нами был получен ответ на вопрос о роли данного фонетического приёма в раскрытии образа литературного героя в художественном тексте, что, в свою очередь, предоставляет базу для исследования влияния патологической речи на восприятие персонажа читателем.Метод или методология проведения работы. Исследование осуществлялось с помощью комплекса взаимодополняющих методов: метода сопоставительного анализа и метода научно-фиксированного наблюдения.Основой практической части является текст романа Кена Кизи «Пролетая над гнездом кукушки», в частности патологическая и девиантная речь тех или иных персонажей. Изучаются изменения в их речи на фонетическом уровне и способы передачи этих изменений на письме.Результаты исследования дают представление о роли и функции графона как инструмента трансляции патологической речи, а также о механизмах его работы в художественном тексте.Сферой практического применения данных результатов может служить обучение фоностилистике и фоносемантике студентов филологов.
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from a Fragment of Atlantic Forest in the Southern Bahia State
Authors: Vila-Verde Gabriel , Paluch Márlon
Published: August 2020

The Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia comprises a zone of high levels of biodiversity and endemism of plants, vertebrates and insects. However, there are still several gaps on the knowledge of the local Lepidoptera diversity. The objective of this study was to conduct an inventory of butterflies in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil to provide information on species richness. Butterflies were sampled with insect net from March 2018 to March 2019, and November 2019 to February 2020, totaling 150 h of sampling effort. Additionally, we used Van Someren-Rydon traps for collecting frugivorous butterflies in September 2018 and February 2019 representing 1,080 trap-hours. A total of 228 butterfly species were recorded. Hesperiidae (86 spp.) and Nymphalidae (77 spp.) were the most representative families, followed by Riodinidae (32 spp.), Lycaenidae (21 spp.), Pieridae (10 spp.) and Papilionidae (2 spp.). The local butterfly fauna is composed of species found in open or disturbed forest edges, and secondary vegetation. Most of the sampled species is broadly distributed in Brazil Morpho menelaus coeruleus (Perry, 1810) (Nymphalidae), Jemadia hospita hephaestos (Plötz, 1879) (Hesperiidae) and several species of Lycaenidae and Riodinidae represents a new record for northeastern Brazil.
Observation-Based Modeling of O3–Precursor Relationships in Nanjing, China
Authors: Li Lin , Li Jingyi , Qin Momei , Sheng Li , Hu Jianlin
Published: August 2020

Surface ozone (O3) is formed through a series of photochemical reactions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. In recent years, ozone concentrations in Nanjing have been increasing. To effectively mitigate ozone pollution, it is essential to understand the relationship between O3 and its precursors. In this study, the observation-based model (OBM) coupled with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), was applied to investigate the O3-NOx-VOCs relationship in the Nanjing Metropolitan Area of China in summer 2015. The OBM model well reproduces the levels and diurnal variations of O3 with a high index of agreement value. Analysis of ozone formation potential (OFP) indicates that although observed alkanes are the most abundant VOCs (46.8%), their contributions to OFP are relatively small due to lower maximum incremental reactivity (MIR). Aromatics contribute the most to OFP (61.6%), followed by alkenes (18%). These two groups dominate in the top ten VOCs of OFP. In particular, m/p-Xylene shows a significant contribution to OFP with the highest OFP value over 30 µg/m3. The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) results demonstrate that the reduction of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) is the most efficient way to mitigate local O3 pollution in Nanjing. Specifically, m/p-Xylene emissions should be reduced at it shows the highest RIR among all the AVOCs. Based on the results of OBM, a cutting ratio of AVOCs to NOx of more than 0.46 is proposed to implement efficient control measurements in Nanjing for the study period.
Single-shot hybrid photoacoustic-fluorescent microendoscopy through a multimode fiber with wavefront shaping
Authors: Mezil Sylvain , Caravaca-Aguirre Antonio M. , Zhang Edward Z. , Moreau Philippe , Wang Irène , Beard Paul C. , Bossy Emmanuel
Published: August 2020

We present a minimally-invasive endoscope based on a multimode fiber that combines photoacoustic and fluorescence sensing. From the measurement of a transmission matrix during a prior calibration step, a focused spot is produced and raster-scanned over a sample at the distal tip of the fiber by use of a fast spatial light modulator. An ultra-sensitive fiber-optic ultrasound sensor for photoacoustic detection placed next to the fiber is combined with a photodetector to obtain both fluorescence and photoacoustic images with a distal imaging tip no larger than 250 µm. The high signal-to-noise ratio provided by wavefront shaping based focusing and the ultra-sensitive ultrasound sensor enables imaging with a single laser shot per pixel, demonstrating fast two-dimensional hybrid in vitro imaging of red blood cells and fluorescent beads.
Effect of skin optical absorption on speckleplethysmographic (SPG) signals
Authors: Rice Tyler B. , Yang Bruce , White Sean
Published: August 2020

Recent advances in optical technology have emerged for measuring blood flow in the extremities using speckleplethysmography (SPG), which may address needs in vascular medicine and other fields. SPG has demonstrated a highly linear response with flow rate, but the susceptibility to differences in skin tone is unclear. Two validation studies using skin-simulating phantoms and a simple clinical protocol were conducted to determine the impact of absorbing skin layers on SPG measurements. Benchtop results demonstrated that the coefficient of determination between known flow rate and SPG was highly linear (R2 = 0.990) and was unaffected by the addition of skin-phantom layers with variable absorption (R2 = 0.996-0.999). Additionally, no significant trend was found between the fit residuals of SPG and flow rate with increasing skin-phantom absorption (R2=0.025, p = 0.29). In clinical testing, no significant difference was found using both a 4-way ANOVA between demographic classifications (F = 0.89, p = 0.45), and a 2-way ANOVA test between lower- and higher-melanin subclassifications (F = 0.4, p = 0.52).
Full-Stokes imaging polarimetry based on a metallic metasurface
Authors: Cheng Bo , Zou Yuxiao , Shao Hanxiao , Li Tong , Song Guofeng
Published: August 2020

We use a single-layer thick metallic metasurface to design the 0-,45- and 90-degree polarizers with transmission efficiencies exceeding 95% based on the bright electric dipole resonance and dark magnetic dipole resonance. In addition, we utilize a bilayer metallic metasurface (forming an efficient Fabry-Perot resonator) to propose a circularly polarizing dichroism waveplate (CPDW). The circular polarization dichroism (CPD = I
RCP
 − I
LCP
.) in the transmission mode at 1.6 µm wavelength reaches 89% and the extinction ratio (ER = I
RCP
/I
LCP
) is 830:1. These four polarizing elements are integrated to form a full Stokes pixel that almost accurately measures arbitrary polarized light at λ0 = 1.6 µm (including elliptically polarized light).
Scattering of an utlrashort laser pulse by a spherical air bubble
Authors: Chaussonnet Geoffroy , Bardet Philippe M.
Published: August 2020

The scattering of an ultrashort laser pulse by an air bubble in water is investigated by means of the Lorenz-Mie theory and the Debye expansion. A 70 fs, 800 nm pulse is considered as a plane wave with a Gaussian temporal envelope. The transient response is treated with the theory derived from Gouesbet and Gréhan [Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 17, 213–224 (2000)], taking now into account chromatic dispersion and absorption of water. It is observed that contrary to the case of water droplet in air, the Debye modes p ≥ 1 start their transient scattering at the same time and the same angle (≈90°) and for a large size parameter, they differentiate as time elapses. A parametric study on the size parameter and the spatial extension of the pulse is performed to identify regimes where the different Debye mode are distinguishable in time. Dependence on the scattering angle is also treated. Finally, by considering pulse chirp, it is shown that the laser/bubble distance has an influence on the separability of modes p = 0 and p = 1.
Femtosecond laser fabrication of monolithic double volume phase-gratings in glass
Authors: Azkona J. J. , Gómez-Aranzadi M. , Rodriguez A. , Morlanes T. , de la Peña J. L. , Olaizola S. M.
Published: August 2020

A diffractive optical element was fabricated by monolithically integrating two volume phase-gratings (VPGs) in the bulk of a single-piece transparent material. A computer model of the diffraction generated by the double volume phase-grating (DVPG) was made with a rigorous coupled wave analysis simulator. Simulations and experiments show that the diffractive behavior of a DVPG can be controlled by arranging the relative displacement and the distance between the VPGs according to Talbot self-imaging planes. In order to diffract the total incident light, the phase accumulation in the VPGs has to be π/2, which was achieved by single-scan femtosecond laser processing of a nanocrystal doped glass as the substrate material. Ex situ microscope images of the cross-sections are presented for laser processed lines in the form of VPGs and DVPGs. The far-field diffraction of DVPGs formed by selectively located VPGs was characterized with a monochromatic 633 nm and a supercontinuum white light. Functional designs of high diffraction efficiency with potential applications in photonics were successfully fabricated in a one-step and free of chemicals process.
Screened screens screening: Boundaries and boundary-drawing practices during COVID-19
Authors: Xin Liu
Published: August 2020

This short piece concerns the figure of the screen as a boundary object and screening as a boundary-drawing practice during COVID-19. The screen is understood of as a surface that filters, shields, protects, conceals, mediates, intrudes and on which images can be projected and made visible. This text links together and thinks through various instantiations of the figure of the screen, such as digital screens and face masks. In so doing, it makes visible the ways in which the digital, affective and embodied screens and screening practices shape the perception of and response to COVID-19 in various contexts, as well as the multiple and often contradictory ways in which boundaries of spaces and bodies are materialized and undone.
Abandoned aquariums: Online animal attractions during quarantine
Authors: Schultz-Figueroa Benjamin
Published: August 2020

In this article, I argue that popular online animal videos during the coronavirus pandemic are emblematic of the political stakes of animal documentary in the era of climate change. Conceived in response to James Leo Cahill’s ‘A YouTube bestiary: Twenty-six theses on a post-cinema of animal attractions’, I claim a broad public is currently navigating its hopes and fears over an oncoming posthuman future through differing deployments of what Cahill calls the ‘animal attractions’ of online videos. Comparing several recent examples, I analyse these images as documents of an era defined by interactions between humans and nonhumans (such as zoonotic diseases like COVID-19) and as fabulist visions of a future without human beings. Here, emptied aquariums embody the concerns of our current historical moment, evoking anxieties over environmental degradation and speculation about our unknown future.
Futuristic media: A temporal reflection and eternal platform capitalism
Authors: Cao Xuefei
Published: August 2020

Digital media is not a remedy for excessive consumption and environmental damage; the seemingly reduced impacts on the environment by the pandemic are on the ground of accelerating other modes of consumption, resource exploitation and capitalist investments. In this article, I would take China for a case to reveal the ephemeral ecology and the perpetual consumption on digital platforms in a singular future.
Disease, disaster and the internet: Reconceptualizing environmental hazards in the time of coronavirus
Authors: Brazier Hayley
Published: August 2020

The internet is made from a vast physical system of cables that stretch unseen across prairies, mountains, oceans, under streets and within buildings. Our online information rapidly flows through this global lattice of equipment every time we send e-mails, play online games, stream Netflix or teleconference with co-workers. With a global society that has recently shifted to living, working and entertaining almost entirely online – to the point of pushing our internet’s capacity to its brink – it is worth considering the threat of disease to an industry that has traditionally prepared for a different set of environmental risks. Disasters such as earthquakes, tsunami, power outages and fishermen’s anchors have long been considered the leading environmental threats to the internet. But what about a pandemic? This article builds on a visit I took to a Seattle data centre in March 2020, when the city was beginning to go on coronavirus lockdown. As I toured the data centre’s earthquake-preparedness equipment, back-up batteries and servers sheltered within protective cages, I could not help but consider if the internet, and the thousands of employees who keep it in operation, were equipped to handle this type of ecological invader?
The Impact of Credit Diversification on Credit Risk and Performance of Indonesian Banks
Authors: Prastiwi Iin Emy , Anik Anik
Published: August 2020

This study aims to identify the effect of credit diversification in the economic sector on credit risk and performance of commercial banks in Indonesia. Multiple linear regression is used to determine the effect of credit diversification on credit risk and banking performance. The data used in this study is the aggregated financial statements of commercial banks inIndonesia during the 2015-2018. The results indicate that credit diversification based on the economic sector has a significant effect on increasing the profitability of commercial banks in Indonesia. The credit diversification based on the economic sector also has a significant effect in reducing credit risk. Two control variables, namely company size and banking liquidity have a significant negative effect on profitability respectively. In the case of credit risk, the company size hasapositive effect, while the banking liquidity has no effect. These findings support the traditional banking theory which states that banks that diversify their credit portfolios can reduce the credit risk and increase profitability.
Discrimination of civet coffee using visible spectroscopy
Authors: Adier Graciella Mae L , Reyes Charlene A , Arboleda Edwin R
Published: August 2020

Civet coffee is considered as highly marketable and rare. This specialty coffee has a special flavor and higher price relative to regular coffee, and it is restricted in supply. Establishing a straightforward and efficient approach to distinguish Civet coffee for quality; likewise, consumer protection is fundamental. This study utilized visible spectroscopy as a non-destructive and quick technique to obtain the absorbance, ranging from 450 nm to 650 nm, of the civet coffee and non-civet coffee samples. Overall, 160 samples were analyzed, and the total spectra accumulated was 960. The data gathered from the first 120 samples were fed to the classification learner application and were used as a training data set. The remaining samples were used for testing the classification algorithm. The study shows that civet coffee bean samples have lower absorbance values in visible spectra than non-civet coffee bean samples. The process yields 96.7 % to 100 % classification scores for quadratic discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Among the two classification algorithms, logistic regression generated the fastest training time of 14.050 seconds. The application of visible spectroscopy combined with data mining algorithms is effective in discriminating civet coffee from non-civet coffee.
Comparing Physical Fitness in Career vs. Volunteer Firefighters
Authors: Morris Cody E. , Arnett Scott W. , Winchester Lee J.
Published: August 2020

Morris, CE, Arnett, SW, and Winchester, LJ. Comparing physical fitness in career vs. volunteer firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1304–1309, 2022—The purpose of this study was to assess the potential similarities and differences in health and physical fitness profiles between career firefighters (CFF) and volunteer firefighters (VFF). The research protocol consisted of a health and physical fitness assessment, testing the 5 components of health-related fitness using previously published and accepted protocols. The subject population consisted of a total of 138 firefighters, including 119 CFF and 19 VFF. Statistical significance was defined as a p level less than 0.05. An independent t test showed evidence of CFF having a significantly higher value/score for the following variables: height (p = 0.034), V̇o
2max (p = 0.006), push-ups completed (p = 0.024), and plank time (p < 0.001). Volunteer firefighters had a significantly higher value for the following variables: fat mass (p = 0.002), body fat percentage (p < 0.001), and absolute grip strength (p = 0.029). There were no significant differences between groups for the following variables: age (p = 0.299), body mass (p = 0.166), fat-free mass (p = 0.281), body mass index (p = 0.057), flexibility (p = 0.106), or relative grip strength (p = 0.887). With regard to physical fitness testing, the VFF had a significantly worse fitness profile across a number of variables than the CFF. Practical applications: Despite the financial and commitment status of volunteer firefighting departments, their members perform an equally dangerous and important job as do firefighters of professional/career firefighting departments, and more attention should be directed toward developing the fitness and performance of these firefighters.
Comparison of Cross-Education and Global Training Effects in Adults and Youth After Unilateral Strength Training
Authors: Chaouachi Anis , Ben Othman Aymen , Chaouachi Mehdi , Hechmi Abderraouf , Farthing Jonathan P. , Granacher Urs , Behm David G.
Published: August 2020

Chaouachi, A, Ben Othman, A, Chaouachi, M, Hechmi, A, Farthing, JP, Granacher, U, and Behm, DG. Comparison of cross-education and global training effects in adults and youth after unilateral strength training. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2121–2131, 2022—Youth strength training research examining contralateral, homologous (cross-education), and heterologous (global training) effects after unilateral training have provided mixed results and the relationship to adults has not been compared. The objective was to compare adult and youth cross-education and global training effects on dominant and nondominant limb testing. Initially, 15 men and 15 prepubertal boys volunteered for each unilateral chest press (CP), handgrip training, and control groups (n = 89). Individuals trained their dominant limb 3 times per week for 8 weeks and had their dominant and nondominant limbs tested for CP and leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), handgrip, knee extension and flexion, and elbow extension and flexion maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Adult CP training gains were significantly greater than youth with lower-body testing (p = 0.002–0.06), whereas youth CP training gains exceeded adults with upper-body tests (p = 0.03–0.07). Training specificity was evident with greater CP 1RM increases with CP vs. handgrip training for both youth (p < 0.0001) and adults (p < 0.0001). Handgrip training elicited greater gains in handgrip MVICs compared with other strength tests (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, only contralateral CP 1RM showed a training advantage for unilateral CP over unilateral handgrip training. Adults showed greater gains with lower-body testing, whereas youth showed greater gains with upper-body testing.
Development of a Multifunctional Triaxial System for Unsaturated Soils: Addition of Permeameter Function
Authors: Wang Hailong , Tian Jaylord U. Tan , Koseki Junichi , Sato Takeshi
Published: August 2020

The details of a multifunctional triaxial system developed for unsaturated soils over the past ten years at The University of Tokyo are described. This study first briefly reviewed three functions of the triaxial system developed for the undrained cyclic loading test to evaluate liquefaction properties of unsaturated soils. In the triaxial system, accurate measurement of volumetric deformation was achieved with a linkage double cell system, application of the membrane filter technique gave prompt measurements of matric suction, and a p-constant control system well maintained a constant condition of total mean principal stress p. The article later described a newly developed permeameter function of which delicately designed local pin sensors (LPSs) and inflow/outflow measurement devices were introduced to the triaxial system for measurement of coefficient of permeability of unsaturated sandy specimens. The permeameter maintained constant water levels at inflow and outflow ends, and the flow rates were monitored by sensors. LPSs, as local sensors to directly measure water head difference, were manufactured with the membrane filter technique, a technique to measure or control suction. Typical permeability test results on saturated and unsaturated specimens were presented. For unsaturated specimens, constant hydraulic heads were supplied, and the same inflow and outflow rates were achieved. Meanwhile, local pore water pressures measured by LPSs well reflected specimen conditions. It was verified from this and past studies that the permeameter system can be applied to unsaturated specimens with coefficient of permeability in a range of 10−5 to 10−8 m/s.
TWO VIEWS ON THE NATURE OF THE SOUL
Authors: KABANOVA Lilia
Published: August 2020

The soul is one of the defining issues of philosophy. Various views, interpretations or speculations do not give sufficiently clear picture of this phenomenon. From a philosophical point of view, the relevance and significance of the topic is determined by the correlations that appeal to the topology of human mental and moral efforts. The article problematizes the dynamics of interpretation of the phenomenon of the soul on the basis of the research preferences that psychologize and ontologize the studied concept. The author refers to some of the views of Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Dilthey and Husserl.
TRANSPLANT TECHNOLOGIES AND ORGAN DONATION: CULTURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Volkov Alexey Department of Philosophy and Culture studies
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the basic concepts of the mind-body continuum underlying transplantation technologies. Using modern research, the author shows that the application of transplantation technologies is based on ambivalent ideas: on the one hand, tissues and organs act as purely biological entities, on the other hand, they also imply the values of the subject’s personal and сultural identity. This involves an understanding of the challenges and requirements that accompany contemporary transplantation technologies: patients need to develop the ability to switch from one bodily identity to another (so-called «intercorporeality»), while transplant physicians need the ability to work with an intentional sphere of human mind. Using a number of cross-cultural studies, this paper offers a view of how the conception of death, body and identity varies in different cultural and social settings.
SPECIFIC VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF THE VILLAGE RESIDENTS OF KARELIAN LAKE LADOGA AREA: CROSS-CULTURAL APPROACH
Authors: Suvorova Irina
Published: August 2020

The article studies the structure of the axiosphere of people currently living in Karelia, in the territory of Northern Ladoga area. The study used the cross-cultural approach based on the validation of the well-established and much respected Shalom Schwartz’s methodology for studying value orientations, as well as in-depth interviews, questionnaires and focus groups. The study utilized the materials of the field expedition conducted by Petrozavodsk State University as part of the project "Ways to preserve human capital as a topical problem for the Republic of Karelia." The expedition materials processing resulted in the identification of multidimensional factors that determined the originality of the structure of the axiosphere of Lake Ladoga area inhabitants and the difference from the "common cultural profile of mankind" declared by Schwartz. The main difference in the structure of the value sphere of our contemporaries in the studied territory was that they identified the value of security as the most significant, necessary and desirable one. The analysis of the sociocultural context for the reasons of such identification showed that there are historical, geographical and economic prerequisites that influenced the status of this value. A separate analysis was carried out with regard to the low demand for the value of traditions, which also revealed a set of reasons that shaped the low status of this value orientation. The validation of Schwartz’s methodology confirmed the high level of concordance between the structure of the axiosphere of the population currently inhabiting Lake Ladoga area with the "common cultural profile of mankind", as well as the specific original features of the axiosphere of the respondents involved in the study.
A note on the ternary purely exponential diophantine equation Ax + By = Cz with A + B = C2
Authors: kizildere Elif , le Maohua , Soydan Gökhan
Published: August 2020

Let l,m,r be fixed positive integers such that 2| l, 3lm, l > r and 3 | r. In this paper, using the BHV theorem on the existence of primitive divisors of Lehmer numbers, we prove that if min{rlm2 − 1,(l − r)lm2 + 1} > 30, then the equation (rlm2 − 1)x + ((l − r)lm2 + 1)y = (lm)z has only the positive integer solution (x,y,z) = (1,1,2).
Some properties of harmonic numbers
Authors: Wu Bing-Ling , Yan Xiao-Hui
Published: August 2020

Let Hn be the n-th harmonic number and let vn be its denominator. It is known that vn is even for every integer . In this paper, we study the properties of Hn and prove that for any integer n, vn = en(1+o(1)). In addition, we obtain some results of the logarithmic density of harmonic numbers.
Numerical solution of linear differential equations by Walsh polynomials approach
Authors: György Gát  , Toledo Rodolfo
Published: August 2020

In 1975 C. F. Chen and C. H. Hsiao established a new procedure to solve initial value problems of systems of linear differential equations with constant coefficients by Walsh polynomials approach. However, they did not deal with the analysis of the proposed numerical solution. In a previous article we study this procedure in case of one equation with the techniques that the theory of dyadic harmonic analysis provides us. In this paper we extend these results through the introduction of a new procedure to solve initial value problems of differential equations with not necessarily constant coefficients.
On sharpening of inequalities for a class of polynomials satisfying p(z)≡znp(1/z)
Authors: Dhankhar Ritu , Govil Narendra Kumar , Kumar Prasanna
Published: August 2020

Let be a polynomial of degree n. Further, let and . Then according to the well-known Bernstein inequalities, we have and . It is an open problem to obtain inequalities analogous to these inequalities for the class of polynomials satisfying p(z) ≡ znp(1/z). In this paper we obtain some inequalites in this direction for polynomials that belong to this class and have all their coefficients in any sector of opening γ, where 0 γ < π. Our results generalize and sharpen several of the known results in this direction, including those of Govil and Vetterlein [3], and Rahman and Tariq [12]. We also present two examples to show that in some cases the bounds obtained by our results can be considerably sharper than the known bounds.
On star Lindelöf spaces
Authors: Xuan Wei-Feng , Song Yan-Kui
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we prove that if X is a space with a regular Gδ-diagonal and X2 is star Lindelöf then the cardinality of X is at most 2c. We also prove that if X is a star Lindelöf space with a symmetric g-function such that {g2(n, x): n ∈ ω} = {x} for each x ∈ X then the cardinality of X is at most 2c. Moreover, we prove that if X is a star Lindelöf Hausdorff space satisfying Hψ(X) = κ then e(X) 22κ; and if X is Hausdorff and we(X) = Hψ(X) = κsubset of a space then e(X) 2κ. Finally, we prove that under V = L if X is a first countable DCCC normal space then X has countable extent; and under MA+¬CH there is an example of a first countable, DCCC and normal space which is not star countable extent. This gives an answer to the Question 3.10 in Spaces with property (DC(ω1)), Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin., 58(1) (2017), 131-135.
Descartes’ rule of signs, Rolle’s theorem and sequences of compatible pairs
Authors: Cheriha Hassen , Gati Yousra , Kostov Vladimir Petrov
Published: August 2020

Consider the sequence s of the signs of the coefficients of a real univariate polynomial P of degree d. Descartes’ rule of signs gives compatibility conditions between s and the pair (r+,r−), where r+ is the number of positive roots and r− the number of negative roots of P. It was recently asked if there are other compatibility conditions, and the answer was given in the form of a list of incompatible triples (s; r+,r−) which begins at degree d = 4 and is known up to degree 8. In this paper we raise the question of the compatibility conditions for , where (resp.) is the number of positive (resp. negative) roots of the i-th derivative of P. We prove that up to degree 5, there are no other compatibility conditions than the Descartes conditions, the above recent incompatibilities for each i, and the trivial conditions given by Rolle’s theorem.
‘Let us know you’re locked’
Authors: De Lacey Alex
Published: August 2020

Pirate radio is one of the pillars of grime music. This arena acts as both a communal and artistic space for musicians to coalesce and create on a regular basis. Its recordings, however, are rarely utilized as part of musical and historical enquiry. Prior investigation has principally focused on studio recordings, specifically the album. This article makes the case for listening again to pirate radio broadcasts, demonstrating how these artefacts act as a historical and musical referent. This is achieved through the analysis of recordings from 2001–2005 alongside ethnographic interviews with practitioners, examining the intense locational claustrophobia, communal conviviality, and entrepreneurial spirit possessed by these artists and their listenership. Pirate radio captures music as process and—unlike static recordings—is a medium that allows for long form extemporization and extra-musical assertions, consequently offering an unparalleled insight into the sociohistorical state of play in London at the turn of the millennium.