bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Domain-General Multiple Demand (MD) Network Does Not Support Core Aspects of Language Comprehension: A Large-Scale fMRI Investigation
Authors: Diachek Evgeniia , Blank Idan , Siegelman Matthew , Affourtit Josef , Fedorenko Evelina
Published: April 2020

Aside from the language-selective left-lateralized frontotemporal network, language comprehension sometimes recruits a domain-general bilateral frontoparietal network implicated in executive functions: the multiple demand (MD) network. However, the nature of the MD network's contributions to language comprehension remains debated. To illuminate the role of this network in language processing in humans, we conducted a large-scale fMRI investigation using data from 30 diverse word and sentence comprehension experiments (481 unique participants [female and male], 678 scanning sessions). In line with prior findings, the MD network was active during many language tasks. Moreover, similar to the language-selective network, which is robustly lateralized to the left hemisphere, these responses were stronger in the left-hemisphere MD regions. However, in contrast with the language-selective network, the MD network responded more strongly (1) to lists of unconnected words than to sentences, and (2) in paradigms with an explicit task compared with passive comprehension paradigms. Indeed, many passive comprehension tasks failed to elicit a response above the fixation baseline in the MD network, in contrast to strong responses in the language-selective network. Together, these results argue against a role for the MD network in core aspects of sentence comprehension, such as inhibiting irrelevant meanings or parses, keeping intermediate representations active in working memory, or predicting upcoming words or structures. These results align with recent evidence of relatively poor tracking of the linguistic signal by the MD regions during naturalistic comprehension, and instead suggest that the MD network's engagement during language processing reflects effort associated with extraneous task demands.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDomain-general executive processes, such as working memory and cognitive control, have long been implicated in language comprehension, including in neuroimaging studies that have reported activation in domain-general multiple demand (MD) regions for linguistic manipulations. However, much prior evidence has come from paradigms where language interpretation is accompanied by extraneous tasks. Using a large fMRI dataset (30 experiments/481 participants/678 sessions), we demonstrate that MD regions are engaged during language comprehension in the presence of task demands, but not during passive reading/listening, conditions that strongly activate the frontotemporal language network. These results present a fundamental challenge to proposals whereby linguistic computations, such as inhibiting irrelevant meanings, keeping representations active in working memory, or predicting upcoming elements, draw on domain-general executive resources.
Modeling human trophoblast, the placental epithelium at the maternal fetal interface
Authors: Horii Mariko , Touma Ojeni , Bui Tony , Parast Mana M
Published: April 2020

Appropriate human trophoblast lineage specification and differentiation is crucial for the establishment of normal placentation and maintenance of pregnancy. However, due to the lack of proper modeling systems, the molecular mechanisms of these processes are still largely unknown. Much of the early studies in this area have been based on animal models and tumor-derived trophoblast cell lines, both of which are suboptimal for modeling this unique human organ. Recent advances in regenerative and stem cell biology methods have led to development of novel in vitro model systems for studying human trophoblast. These include derivation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells and establishment of methods for the differentiation of these cells into trophoblast, as well as the more recent derivation of human trophoblast stem cells. In addition, advances in culture conditions, from traditional two-dimensional monolayer culture to 3D culturing systems, have led to development of trophoblast organoid and placenta-on-a-chip model, enabling us to study human trophoblast function in context of more physiologically accurate environment. In this review, we will discuss these various model systems, with a focus on human trophoblast, and their ability to help elucidate the key mechanisms underlying placental development and function. This review focuses on model systems of human trophoblast differentiation, including advantages and limitations of stem cell-based culture, trophoblast organoid, and organ-on-a-chip methods and their applications in understanding placental development and disease.
Endometrial and decidual stromal precursors show a different decidualization capacity
Authors: Ruiz Magaña Maria Jose , Puerta Jose Maria , Martínez-Aguilar Rocio , Llorca Tatiana , Blanco Osmany , Muñoz-Fernández Raquel , Olivares Enrique G , Ruiz-Ruiz Carmen
Published: April 2020

Endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) and decidual stromal cells (DSCs) originate from fibroblastic precursors located around the vessels of the human nonpregnant endometrium and the pregnant endometrium (decidua), respectively. Under the effect of ovarian or pregnancy hormones, these precursors differentiate (decidualize), changing their morphology and secreting factors that appear to be essential for the normal development of pregnancy. However, the different physiological context – that is, non-pregnancy vs pregnancy – of those precursors (preEnSCs, preDSCs) might affect their phenotype and functions. In the present study, we established preEnSC and preDSC lines and compared the antigen phenotype and responses to decidualization factors in these two types of stromal cell line. Analyses with flow cytometry showed that preEnSCs and preDSCs exhibited a similar antigen phenotype compatible with that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. The response to decidualization in cultures with progesterone and cAMP was evaluated by analyzing changes in cell morphology by microscopy, prolactin and IL-15 secretion by enzyme immunoassay and the induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry. In all four analyses, preDSCs showed a significantly higher response than preEnSCs. The expression of progesterone receptor (PR), protein kinase A (PKA) and FOXO1 was studied with Western blotting. Both types of cells showed similar levels of PR and PKA, but the increase in PKA RI subunit expression in response to decidualization was again significantly greater in preDSCs. We conclude that preEnSCs and preDSCs are equivalent cells but differ in their ability to decidualize. Functional differences between them probably derive from factors in their different milieus.
Uterine infection alters the transcriptome of the bovine reproductive tract three months later
Authors: Horlock Anthony D , Piersanti Rachel L , Ramirez-Hernandez Rosabel , Yu Fahong , Ma Zhengxin , Jeong KwangCheol C , Clift Martin J D , Block Jeremy , Santos José E P , Bromfield John J , Sheldon I Martin
Published: April 2020

Infection of the postpartum uterus with pathogenic bacteria is associated with infertility months later in dairy cattle. However, it is unclear whether these bacterial infections lead to long-term changes in the reproductive tract that might help explain this infertility. Here we tested the hypothesis that infusion of pathogenic bacteria into the uterus leads to changes in the transcriptome of the reproductive tract 3 months later. We used virgin Holstein heifers to avoid potential confounding effects of periparturient problems, lactation, and negative energy balance. Animals were infused intrauterine with endometrial pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes (n = 4) and compared with control animals (n = 6). Three months after infusion, caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium, isthmus and ampulla of the oviduct, and granulosa cells from ovarian follicles >8 mm diameter were profiled by RNA sequencing. Bacterial infusion altered the transcriptome of all the tissues when compared with control. Most differentially expressed genes were tissue specific, with 109 differentially expressed genes unique to caruncular endometrium, 57 in intercaruncular endometrium, 65 in isthmus, 298 in ampulla, and 83 in granulosa cells. Surprisingly, despite infusing bacteria into the uterus, granulosa cells had more predicted upstream regulators of differentially expressed genes than all the other tissues combined. In conclusion, there were changes in the transcriptome of the endometrium, oviduct and even granulosa cells, 3 months after intrauterine infusion of pathogenic bacteria. These findings imply that long-term changes throughout the reproductive tract could contribute to infertility after bacterial infections of the uterus.
The Anti-language in the English as a Foreign Language Curriculum
Authors: Neshkovska Silvana
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the significance of slang in educating well-rounded EFL learners. The study, first, uncovers the most salient features of slang, distinguishing it from jargon, argot, cant, etc. It also discusses the reasons why slang springs to life; the users of slang and functions it performs, as well as the word-formation processes employed in its creation.The paper further investigates the familiarity of Macedonian undergraduate students of English with currently relevant English and American slang, the main hypothesis being that they lack knowledge of slang due to insufficient exposure and instruction. The instruments used are a questionnaire and a quiz comprising 60 slang terms, intended to inspect informants’ knowledge of slang.The results obtained from this research confirm that slang is disregarded in EFL acquisition, and that no steady progress is made in the students’ knowledge of slang in the course of their university studies.
Silence as a Specific Kind of Communication in Legal Discourse
Authors: Kowalczyk Joanna
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the description of modifying reality through non-verbal speech acts. The subject of the study are non-verbal signs referring to the category of legal communication. This study included acts of legal communication that are expressed or can be expressed using various forms of silence. The first aim of the study was to determine whether silence can be classified as a speech act in the strict sense. The secondary aim was to determine the usefulness of silence in legal communication. The methodological basis of the analysis was the assumptions of pragmatism in the approach of W. James and the concept of performative acts of speech by J. L. Austin.
Interview with Prof. Frederic Chaume
Authors: Koverienė Indrė , Višinskaitė Indrė , Baltrūnaitė Edita
Published: April 2020

On the 19th of September 2019 Vilnius University, Kaunas Faculty welcomed a world-class researcher, Professor of audiovisual translation at Universitat Jaume I (Spain) and Honorary Professor at University College London (UK) Frederic Chaume. During a five-day visit, he presented a series of lectures and workshops titled Multimodal Research in Audiovisual Translation: Translation Paradigm of AVT Products in 2019.
COVID-19 Outbreak and Dentistry
Authors: Reyes Carmona Jessie
Published: April 2020

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Kampung Kuta Religion: Social, Economic and Religious Structures of Indigenous Community in West Java
Authors: Qodim Husnul
Published: April 2020

Kampung Kuta is one of the Sundanese traditional villages in West Java. They believe in the myth of the sacred forest and the origin of their ancestors which is preserved by the phrase of amanah and taboos. This article aims to analyze the indigenous religion of Kampung Kuta community. The study focuses on analyzing the relationship between social, economic and religious structures as its constituent elements. Using an ethnographic studies based on structural functionalism theory, this study shows that the religious construction of Kampung Kuta has a mutually influential relationship with both economic and social structures. The economic structure depends on the livelihoods of farming and gardening which are determined by the changing seasons and natural phenomenon. This then created religious structures that were magical and ritualistic. The people believe that the forest and their places are surrounded by cosmic forces of the Sacred. Various myths and beliefs in the common origins of ancestors influence the structure of social life to preserve the nature together. It can be reflected in the kinship system, social solidarity between relatives, social harmony and lifestyle of simplicity.
Internacionalización del turismo y desarrollo capitalista en América Latina
Authors: Cristina-Thalasselis
Published: April 2020

La expansión del turismo internacional como estrategia de desarrollo socioeconómico es producto de procesos históricos complejos, cuya comprensión puede resultar de valor para analizar las posibilidades y los problemas relativos a su desenvolvimiento. El presente trabajo explora los procesos de internacionalización del turismo iniciados en los años de la Segunda Posguerra, considerando las condiciones y las lógicas bajo las cuales se produce la integración de la región latinoamericana en la estructura mundial del turismo. Se propone que el análisis crítico del papel del turismo internacional en el desarrollo latinoamericano requiere volver la mirada sobre este periodo clave, puesto que es entonces cuando, a partir de la concomitancia entre mundialización del turismo, modernización capitalista e ideología del desarrollo, se configuran las premisas fundantes de una concepción de desarrollo turístico cuyas notas esenciales gravitan hasta el presente.
Freelance as a Modern Form of Employment in the Labor Market in Socio-Economicspace of the City Ulyanovsk
Authors: Kadnichanskaya Marina , Galkina Elena
Published: April 2020

Today in the world, the prevalence of information and telecommunication technologies (ICT) and the Internet contribute to the development of new strategies for work behavior among the population, when less formal rules are applied. This leads to the expansion of the socio-economic space of the city beyond the geographical territory. In modern society, there is a rapid development of the service sector. The introduction of modern technology allows the use of a variety of employment models. The number of temporary workers in the organization's staff is increasing. The development of informal employment and self-employment has resulted in freelance as a new model of employment in the labor market. Unwillingness to work in an office with set hours, search for freedom in allocation of time and work, an increased interest in new technologies, are the reasons for choosing freelance as a labor strategy for young people. The article analyzes the work of domestic and foreign researchers and official statistics in the field of labor and employment. The methodological basis of the study was an online survey of 300 respondents employed in freelance and living in the city of Ulyanovsk, conducted in February–April 2018. For the analysis of empirical data, the IBM SPSS Statistics program was used. The study identified the features of freelancing in the modern labor market in the socio-economic space of the city of Ulyanovsk, revealed the degree of youth involvement in the freelance sphere, the motives for choosing freelancing as a labor strategy, described the current problems and risks faced by freelancers. The hypothesis is confirmed that the spread of freelance as a new model of employment in the labor market is due to the transformation of labor and employment processes, as well as due to the development of information and communication technologies, in particular the Internet, which allows individuals to work outside the office.
Practice of Social and Medical Care for Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases in Volgograd Region
Authors: Zimina Yulia , Linchenko Sergey , Postnova Margarita , Sroslova Galina
Published: April 2020

Currently, the first place among the causes of mortality and disability of the adult population of the Russian Federation is occupied by cardiovascular diseases. According to the reporting documentation of the Health Committee of the Volgograd region for three quarters of 2019, at the expense of the federal budget in the conditions of federal specialized medical institutions, high-tech medical care was provided to 2615 residents of the Volgograd region. Over three quarters of 2019, high-tech medical care was provided to 868 patients in budget health-care institutions of the Volgograd region. The following medical care profiles are in the leading positions: cardiovascular surgery (904 patients treated), traumatology and orthopedics (820 patients treated), oncology (498 patients treated).The development of cardiovascular diseases is based on physiological factors (especially the human body, etc.) and social factors (lifestyle, alcoholism, etc.). A statement of the influence of both physiological and social factors on the health of the cardiovascular system actualizes the need to study the experience of preventive work and the provision of social and medical assistance in a unified system of social protection of the population of the Volgograd region. The main elements of this system are institutions and organizations with different functions – prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Because the fact that the profiles of institutions providing services to people with cardiovascular diseases are different, the task of comprehensive support cannot be solved without a well-functioning mechanism for the interaction of all elements of assistance aimed at reducing the incidence and mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases. The work explores the activities of the Committee for Social Protection of the Volgograd Region as an organization that coordinates the work on building a system of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of older people, including those with cardiovascular diseases. Problems are systematized on the basis of a comprehensive review of theoretical approaches, the regulatory framework, and the results of an analysis of the work of medical and social institutions in the Volgograd Region, that impede the establishment of integrated work with patients who have cardiovascular pathology and do not allow building effective work.
Reflection of the Phenomenon of Freedom in Categories of Criminal Law
Authors: Lobanova Lyubov , Rozhnov Alexey , Larionova Larisa
Published: April 2020

Freedom is a natural-legal value that makes up the essence of human nature and therefore it is innate. The latter determines a research interest in how freedom in all the variety of its essential features (freedom, choice, freedom of will, boundaries of freedom, independence of an individual, etc.) manifests itself in various forms of human life, including such a segment of positive law as criminal law. Being a guarantee of personality development, allowing it to break out of the circle of diverse social connections determining its behavior, freedom, nevertheless, has certain limits of its activity. The establishment of these boundaries is necessary to ensure the freedom of each person so that the freedom of one does not become the non-freedom of the other. These boundaries are set by all positive law, including criminal law. Hence, ensuring personal freedom should be the goal of criminal law-making and criminalization of dangerous forms of human behavior. However, ensuring freedom and educating a person in the spirit of a conscious and responsible choice is not the same thing. Therefore, mixing or combining these goals in criminal law is contrary to the goals of legal regulation and testifies to the right of paternalism, incompatible with the purpose and possibilities of law in general and criminal law in particular. The realization of freedom outside is the act of a person, which is the result of a conscious choice of one of the many options for the behavior of the individual as a rational being. Consequently, a set of conscious behaviors themselves, as well as criminal ones which have not gone beyond the limits of its mental activity, i.e. not taken place in the act, under no circumstances can be declared criminal. Hence, the authors once again emphasize that the occurrence and revealing intent to commit a crime are indifferent to the criminal law and are outside its scope. Freedom as a choice embodied in a person's deed is ensured by the establishment of norms in criminal law aimed at protecting external freedom. The latter, through criminal law, legally guarantees an individual the possibility of unimpeded movement, choice of place of residence, place of stay, acting in this capacity as a prerequisite for the realization of freedom in its anthropological dimension. But human freedom manifests itself most vividly as a sign of guilt, which is an indispensable sign of any corpus delicti – the only basis for criminal liability and, therefore, the most serious personality restrictions. It should be noted that the principle of guilt (liability for guilt) is enshrined in the criminal law (Article 5) among the fundamental principles of the industry. Subject to Art. 5 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation criminal liability is possible only if there is guilt as a conscious-volitional attitude of a person to the deed and its consequences.
A Deep Belief Network and Case Reasoning Based Decision Model for Emergency Rescue
Authors: Chang Dan , Fan Rui , Sun Zitong
Published: April 2020

The frequent occurrence of major public emergencies in China has caused significant human and economic losses. To carry out successful rescue operations in such emergencies, decisions need to be made as efficiently as possible. Using earthquakes as an example of a public emergency, this paper combines the Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) models to improve the case representation and case retrieval steps in the decision-making process, then designs and constructs a decision-making model. The validity of the model is then verified by an example. The results of this study can be applied to maximize the efficiency of emergency rescue decisions.
Grey Wolf Optimizer-Based Approaches to Path Planning and Fuzzy Logic-based Tracking Control for Mobile Robots
Authors: Precup Radu-Emil , Voisan Emil-Ioan , Petriu Emil M. , Tomescu Marius L. , David Radu-Codrut , Szedlak-Stinean Alexandra-Iulia , Roman Raul-Cristian
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes two applications of Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithms to a path planning (PaPl) problem and a Proportional-Integral (PI)-fuzzy controller tuning problem. Both optimization problems solved by GWO algorithms are explained in detail. An off-line GWO-based PaPl approach for Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robots (NWMRs) in static environments is proposed. Once the PaPl problem is solved resulting in the reference trajectory of the robots, the paper also suggests a GWO-based approach to tune cost-effective PI-fuzzy controllers in tracking control problem for NWMRs. The experimental results are demonstrated through simple multiagent settings conducted on the nRobotic platform developed at the Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania, and they prove both the effectiveness of the two GWO-based approaches and major performance improvement.
Navigation Decision Support: Discover of Vessel Traffic Anomaly According to the Historic Marine Data
Authors: Daranda Andrius , Dzemyda Gintautas
Published: April 2020

During the last years, marine traffic dramatically increases. Marine traffic safety highly depends on the mariner’s decisions and particular situations. The watch officer must continuously observe the marine traffic for anomalies because the anomaly detection is crucial to predict dangerous situations and to make a decision in time for safe marine navigation. In this paper, we present marine traffic anomaly detection by the combination of the DBSCAN clustering algorithm (Density- Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) with k-nearest neighbors analysis among the clusters and particular vessels. The clustering algorithm is applied to the historic marine traffic data – a set of vessel turn points. In our experiments, the total number of turn points was about 3 million, and about 160 megabytes of computer store was used. A formal numerical criterion to com-pare anomaly with normal traffic flow case has been proposed. It gives us a possibility to detect the vessels outside the typical traffic pattern. The proposed meth-od ensures the right decisions in different oceanic scale or hydro meteorology conditions in the detection of anomaly situation of the vessel.
Modelling and Analysis of IoT Technology Using Neural Networks In Agriculture Environment
Authors: Özbilge Emre , Kırsal Yönal , Çaglar Ersin
Published: April 2020

The rapid development of internet, cloud computing and sensor networks lead to develop and deploy the Internet of Things (IoT) which is a hot topic for the researchers. It has started to be used in various areas. Thus, agriculture is one of the most popular IoT research area. In agriculture environment, farming platform area is being a huge open structure and farmers must protect the crops from extreme weather conditions namely; wind speed/direction, precipitation, air temperature, solar radiations, and relative humidity etc. These extreme weather conditions effect crops and farms very significantly. But with the benefits of Internet of Things technologies, an agriculture business become more easy and efficient despite extreme weather conditions. This paper provides a model of smart agriculture environment using neural networks that helps the farmers to make more accurate predictions for the future according to weather conditions. This paper proposed a time-delay radial basis function (TDRBF) network approach to model temporal and sequential relationship between the various weather condition sensor readings from the agricultural environment. The performance of the acquired network model was analysed statistically and presented in this paper. As a result, the results of the neural network model show that it could be used to predict the desired weather condition sensor readings beforehand in order to increase the productivity in agricultural environment and also it is possible that by using such an intelligent learning system could provide a life-long learning for the changing weather conditions in the farming area over the years.
HTN Planning as Heuristic Progression Search
Authors: Höller Daniel , Bercher Pascal , Behnke Gregor , Biundo Susanne
Published: April 2020

The majority of search-based HTN planning systems can be divided into those searching a space of partial plans (a plan space) and those performing progression search, i.e., that build the solution in a forward manner. So far, all HTN planners that guide the search by using heuristic functions are based on plan space search. Those systems represent the set of search nodes more effectively by maintaining a partial ordering between tasks, but they have only limited information about the current state during search. In this article, we propose the use of progression search as basis for heuristic HTN planning systems. Such systems can calculate their heuristics incorporating the current state, because it is tracked during search. Our contribution is the following: We introduce two novel progression algorithms that avoid unnecessary branching when the problem at hand is partially ordered and show that both are sound and complete. We show that defining systematicity is problematic for search in HTN planning, propose a definition, and show that it is fulfilled by one of our algorithms. Then, we introduce a method to apply arbitrary classical planning heuristics to guide the search in HTN planning. It relaxes the HTN planning model to a classical model that is only used for calculating heuristics. It is updated during search and used to create heuristic values that are used to guide the HTN search. We show that it can be used to create HTN heuristics with interesting theoretical properties like safety, goal-awareness, and admissibility. Our empirical evaluation shows that the resulting system outperforms the state of the art in search-based HTN planning.
Characterisation of heritage cementing materials for restoration purposes: A review
Authors: Loke M E , Pallav Kumar , Haldenwang R
Published: April 2020

Characterisation of heritage cementing materials has become a topic of great importance in the protection of culture and history for future generations. The original cementing material analysis helps to achieve compatible and long-term restoration of heritage buildings. The analysis is done for different purposes - research, compatibility assessment prior to restoration and/or documentation. There are several analytical techniques that many researchers use for analysing the composition of original cementing materials. However, until the present time, the choice of the analytical method depended solely on the researchers' discretion and personal preference. The common methods include microscopic, wet chemical and x-ray analyses. The purpose of this paper is to review the technical literature pertaining to the characterisation (physical, chemical, mineralogical and mechanical) of original heritage cementing materials and its application in proposed restoration work. The knowledge of originally used materials and types of binder, aggregates and additives (in some cases) is considered a useful tool in the search of the compatible repair materials by the construction industry, especially in South Africa where the standard procedure for heritage cementing material characterisation has not been well documented.
Isparta İlinde Farklı Yaş Gruplarında Toxoplasma gondii Seroprevalansı ve IgG Avidite Test Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞİRİN Mümtaz Cem , CEZAROĞLU Yasemin , ARIDOĞAN Buket , SESLİ ÇETİN Emel
Published: April 2020

Amaç
Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii’nin neden olduğu tüm dünyada yaygın olarak görülen bir paraziter enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Bu çalışmada bölgemizde farklı yaş gruplarında T.gondii seroprevalansının araştırılması ve IgG avidite test sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Ocak 2014-Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında hastanemize başvuran anti-T.gondii IgM ve anti-T.gondii IgG testleri eşzamanlı istenilen hastaların serolojik sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Anti-T.gondii IgM ve IgG testleri chemiluminescent immunoassay yöntemiyle (Cobas e601, Roche Diagnostics, Almanya), IgG avidite testi enzyme-linked fluorescent assay yöntemiyle (VIDAS, bioMerieux, Fransa) çalışıldı.
Bulgular
Çalışmaya alınan toplam 5454 hastada anti-T.gondii IgM ve IgG seropozitiflik oranları sırasıyla %3.8 ve %25.5 olarak bulunmuştur. IgM ve IgG seropozitiflik oranları, kadınlarda (n=3839) sırasıyla %4.7 ve %26.8, erkeklerde (n=1615) ise %1.6 ve %22.4 olarak belirlenmiştir. IgG seropozitifliği en düşük 0-10 yaş grubunda (%11.1), en yüksek >60 yaş grubunda (%55.4) saptanmıştır. IgG’si ve IgM’si birlikte pozitif olan 151 olguda ve IgG’si pozitif, IgM’si negatif olan 125 olguda avidite testi istenmiştir. IgG avidite testi uygulanan toplam 276 olgunun 43’ünde (%15.6) düşük avidite, 18’inde (%6.5) sınırda avidite ve 215’inde (%77.9) yüksek avidite saptanmıştır. IgG’si ve IgM’si birlikte pozitif olan olguların yaklaşık üçte ikisinde (%66.2) yüksek avidite saptanmış ve önceden geçirilmiş enfeksiyon olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç
Bölgemizde, anti-T.gondii IgG seropozitiflik oranı %25.5 olarak belirlenmiş olup IgG seropozitiflik oranının yaşla birlikte arttığı görülmüştür. Anti-T.gondii IgM ve IgG’nin birlikte pozitif olduğu olgularda, IgG avidite testiyle akut infeksiyon ile önceden geçirilmiş enfeksiyonun ayırımının yapılması doğru tanı ve tedavi açısından önemlidir.
HuBMAP TMC-Florida/Zurich CODEX Modality Overview v2
Authors: Jorgensen Marda , Nick Jerelyn , Farris Franchesca , Penaloza Jesus
Published: April 2020

This protocol is an overview of all of the protocols currently in use for the CODEX modality at HubMAP Tissue Mapping Center,TMC-Florida/Zurich. It includes protocols.io links to each of the individual protocols that make up this project workflow, from processing tissue and imaging the samples, to uploading the final data to the HuBMAP HIVE.
Student Response - Based Learning: A Strategy for Improving Student Participation in Learning
Authors: Karpin Karpin , Mahmudatussa’adah Ai
Published: April 2020

In the context of 21st century learning, to achieve meaningful learning processes, one of the important elements is interaction. Student response - based learning can be used to actively involve students in the learning process. The study focused on stages of the learning process based on student responses and student responses to the learning. Formulation of the research problem is following: (1) how are the stages of the learning process based on student responses to increasing student participation in learning ?; (2) how is the student response to student response based learning? The research objectives are: (1) increasing the active participation of students in learning through conditioning the learning environment; and (2) describing the steps of the student response-based learning process. The research conducted is a research development. Conclusion of the results of the study: first, the stages of the student response-based learning process (learning model syntax) are (a) uploading teaching materials; (b) Question Individual Vote; (c) Peer Discussion; (d) Second Vote; (e) Whole-class Discussion. These learning steps can increase student participation in learning. Second, students generally give positive responses to student response based learning. A positive response is given to the factor of the variable (a) explanation; (b) facilitation; (c) value; (d) positivity; (e) distraction; and (f) participation.
Spiritual Modernisation of Student Youth
Authors: Zhetpisbayeva Bakhytgul A. , Zhilbayev Zhanbol O. , Syrymbetova Lyailya S. , Dyakov Dmitry V.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of implementing the national programme for the spiritual revival of Kazakhstani society. Based on empirical data, the authors of the article analyse the degree to which students develop spiritual values of the programme and substantiate the role of the pedagogical community in developing mechanisms for its implementation. The authors conclude that most students are aware of the provisions of the programme, but have not made them part of their system of values, life goals, and attitudes. In the context of this, the authors offer their own conceptual approach to the issue of implementing the programme in the conditions of Kazakhstani universities
HOW TO REGENERATE THE HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT OF RUSSIAN CITIES: PARTICIPATION AND REGULATION TOOLS
Authors: Lashchenko Snezhana Vladimirovna , Repina Evgenia Aleksandrovna , Grozovsky Boris Vladimirovich
Published: April 2020

The historical environment of Russian cities is in decline. Buildings are regularly demolished; the territory of old centers is reduced. Neither experts nor the authorities have an idea of how to preserve and develop the historical parts of cities. Meanwhile, foreign and partly Russian practice allows us to highlight the tools for the regeneration of the historical environment. They were discussed at the 9th International Forum Urban Growth and Preservation of Heritage along the Eurasian Corridor (Silk Road) in Samara (October 2017) by Russian experts in the field of architecture, urban planning and urban studies. These are, firstly, instruments of participation (participatory design and participatory budgeting), and secondly, regulatory instruments (master plan, zoning, an instrument that protects groups of environmental objects, and a historical settlement that allows you to comprehensively regulate the entire historical center with its environmental objects, not just monuments). The article also considers the impact of social capital on the development of the urban environment and discusses which principles of the historical quarter can be applied in modern design.
Formulation of the problem of thermomechanics for a flexible cylindrical shell with piezoactive layers with taking into account to displacements
Authors: Kirichok I. F. , Zhuk Y. A. , Chernyshok O. A. , Tarasov A. P.
Published: April 2020

The formulation of problem on the forced resonant vibration and dissipative heating of layered element of structure containing both piezoelectric and electrically passive layers is considered. The improved problem statement taking account of both shear strain and rotatory inertia as well as geometrical nonlinearity is developed. Particular statement of the problem of axisymmetric vibration and dissipative heating of three layer cylidrical shell is formulated. It is assumed that the core layer of the shell is composed of the electrically passive material while the outer layers are manufactured from the piezoceramics. Theory of coupled thermo-electro-viscoelasticity is used to derive the problem statement in the case of monoharmonic loading. Within this theory, the concept of complex-value modulae is applied to formulate the relations between main field characteristics. It is also supposed that the piezo-active material characteristics do not depend on the temperature. Then the coupled problem is reduced to the problem of mechanics on the forced nonlinear vibrations and dissipative heating of the layered plate. Complete set of complex analogs of motion equations, geometric equations and constitutive relations was used to derive the resolving system of equations. Numerical method to attack this nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations supplemented with necessary boundary conditions is developed.
Fatique durability of smooth cylindrical rods under uniaxial symmetric stretch – compression
Authors: Kobzar Ju. M.
Published: April 2020

The paper proposes a model of fatigue, that is based on the reduction of the carrier mass of the substance at half-cycle compression and its density increase by half-cycle stretching. High tension and volume deformation are linearly related by Hooke's law. Mass and density changes and stress changes depending on the elastic properties of the rod, its initial mass, density and volume are received analytically for each cycle. The model usage limit is a cycle in which amplitude values stress reaches the elastic limit. The proposed model algorithm is implemented in software environment with which the destruction is determined fatigue limit and fatigue. The resulting design value curve is different from the curve of fatigue of gray iron that was investigated. This is due to the fact that scattering of the applied energy on internal friction and heating is not included in the model.
Bending by concentrated force of thin plate located on elastic foundation and weakened by contact crack
Authors: Makoviichuk M. V. , Shatskyi I. P.
Published: April 2020

The paper considers the two-dimensional formulation of the problem of the contact interaction of the crack edges in a plate bent by the concentrated force on the elastic Winkler foundation. The crack closure is described using the model of contact along a line in one of the plate surfaces. Within the framework of this model, the boundary value problem is formulated for the equations of the classical theories of plate bending on the elastic foundation and a plane stress state with interrelated tension and bending conditions on the crack line. The obtained boundary value problem has been solved using singular integral equations method.

Based on numerical solutions of the integral equation the dependences of forces and moments intensity factors in the vicinity of the defect tips and distribution of contact forces along the crack line on the parameters of elastic foundation stiffness and the coordinate of the application point of the load have been investigated. The effect of crack closure and influence of the elastic foundation stiffness on the limit equilibrium of the plate, depending on the coordinate of the point of application of the concentrated force, has been evaluated. The area of the correctness of the problem statement when the crack closure occurs throughout its length has been established. It was found that the crack closure leads to the appearance of nonzero forces intensity factor, reduction of the moments intensity factor and increase of the limit load. The dependences of the forces and moments intensity factors and the limit load on the dimensionless coordinate of the point of application of the concentrated force are nonmonotonic. Numerical analysis showed that increasing the elastic foundation stiffness, as well as the displacement of the point of application of the force from the center of the cut, increase the limit load and weaken the contact reaction.
To the modelling of the fatigue cracks propagation in a thin isotropic plates under biaxial asymmetric tension-compression
Authors: Plashchynska Alla
Published: April 2020

The modelling of the fatigue fracture process of the thin isotropic infinite plates with cracks under external biaxial asymmetric cyclic loading is considered. The solution of the problem is based on the joint consideration of the fracture mechanics and continuous damage mechanics concepts and using two types of equivalent stress criteria’s. The first one reduces an asymmetrical cyclic load to the equivalent symmetric cyclic load in time of the rupture. The second one reduces a plane stress state in the vicinity of the top crack to a single-axial one. The obtained system of equations of the model a relatively equivalent stress intensity factor allows us to determine the duration of the incubation stage and the rate of fatigue crack propagation in plates with different stress concentrators. The calculated dependences of the crack length, which extends from the circular hole, from the number of load cycles in the infinite aluminum plate with a circular hole at the variation of the parameters of the asymmetrical cycle and the coefficient of the biaxiality loading are constructed.
Microhardness of сompacted thermally expanded graphite
Authors: Revo S. L. , Melnichenko M. M. , Avramenko T. G. , Ivanenko K. O. , Andruschenko V. O.
Published: April 2020

Using the method of continuous microindentation with different loading on the indenter, the microhardness of compacted thermo-expanded graphite (TEG) samples of different dispersion was studied. The analysis of the obtained results showed that, with an increase in the average cross-sectional area of TEG particles from 40 to 120 microns, the microhardness of the samples under investigation also increases. An analysis of the influence of the dispersion and morphology of the TEG particles on the distribution of microhardness on the surface of the compacted samples of TEG was also carried out. The microhardness indicatrix for the samples of the original TEG shows that when the radial displacement from the center of the sample, the microhardness of the material decreases. So in the central part of the discoid sample the values of microhardness lie in the range from 0,04 to 0,025 GPa. In the next concentric region, the microhardness decreases by 30% and gains a value of (0.028 ... 0.014) GPA. When the dispersion of TEG particles changes, the distribution of microhardness also changes. The microhardness indicatrix for a compacted Tg sample with an average particle size of 180 μm shows that the microhardness value at the center of the sample ranges from 0.065 to 0.15 GPa.As you approach the edge of the sample, the microhardness of the material decreases from 0.15 to 0.054 GPa. The study of TEG with an average particle size of 50 μm showed that the indentation in the center and in the middle region of the sample gives an isotropic distribution of microhardness values. The microhardness values coincide in the central and middle regions of the sample and correspond to ≈ 0.1 GPa. The proposed method of research and analysis of microhardness on the surface of compacted specimens of TEG gives an opportunity not only to characterize the micromechanical properties of the investigated material but also to optimize the technological regimes for obtaining samples.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MEAT INDUSTRY
Authors: Efimov A. V.
Published: April 2020

The modern economy of Russia has been reporting since 1991, when the collapse of the Soviet Union was happened. Since then, the country has taken a course to modernize the economy, as well as to integrate into the international economic space. Russia abandoned the planned system in favor of a market model of the economy, which is currently developing in the context of globalization, modernization and standardization. In recent years, due to the aggravation of the political situation in the world, Russia is in a situation of financial crisis and is experiencing enormous international pressure. In this regard, Russia is actively increasing its own production, primarily by developing the food industry. This industry is extremely important because it is connected with the production of raw materials and products aimed at meeting the food needs of the population.
Neural Mechanisms of Theory of Mind in Autism and Schizophrenia: A Review of fMRI Studies
Authors: Iosifyan M.A. , Mershina E.A. , Bazhenova D.A. , Sinitsyn V.E. , Larina O.M. , Pechenkova E.V.
Published: April 2020

Theory of mind is a cognitive ability, which enables to understand intentions, emotions and beliefs of another person. Because of theory of mind, people are able to interpret behavior of others and adapt to it. Numerous psychiatric impairments are associated with damaged theory of mind and communication with others. The present review analyses the impairments of theory of mind as laying on a continuum from hypermentalization (over-attribution of intentions to others) to hypomentalization (under-attribution of intentions to others) in autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. FMRI paradigm of different subprocesses of theory of mind is described (perceptual mind-reading, cognitive theory of mind, “hot” theory of mind and implicit theory of mind). Neural mechanisms of these subprocesses and their impairments in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia analyzed.
Psychic State and Cognitive Function in HIV-infected Patients and Functional State of the Brain Structures (According to Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy)
Authors: Gromova E.A. , Kataeva G.V. , Khomenko I.G. , Kotomin I.A. , Bogdan A.A. , Kosych A.V. , Rassokhin V.V. , Belyakov N.A. , Trofimova T.N.
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of the study of cognitive functions and the psychic state of HIV-infected patients. 38 patients aged 25-45 years were examined. In HIV-infected patients, dysfunctions of the central nervous system observed, which could be detected in the early stages after infection. Indicators of cognitive functions and psychic state correlated with the metabolism of the cerebral cortex, mainly with the metabolism of structures associated with executive functions. Obviously, patients of presented category have a decline in executive functions. Therefore, it is important to include psychocorrective treatment aimed at training of emotional-volitional functions, in the rehabilitation program which should also contribute to the improvement of cognitive functions and better social adaptation. The revealed changes in glucose metabolism and the content of N-acetyl aspartate were nonspecific and could be caused by a combination of the direct effect of the virus on the brain tissue, psychogenic and premorbid factors. Most likely, the existing premorbid features enhanced by the toxic effects of HIV and severe psycho-emotional stress associated with obtaining information about infection.