bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tape‐Casting Lead‐Free Dielectrics Permit Superior Capacitive Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Yan Fei , Wang Simin , Qian Jin , Zheng Zihao , Gu Long , Guo Jinming , Zhai Jiwei
Published: November 2024

Dielectric capacitors have garnered significant attention for their promising attributes in advanced pulse power systems of the future, owing to their rapid charge/discharge capabilities, high power density, and remarkable stability. Whereas environmentally friendly lead‐free ceramics are facing serious challenges of low breakdown strength, poor energy storage density, and/or conversion efficiency, which has been an obstacle to developing desirable dielectric capacitors. In this study, high‐quality ultrathin (<20 µm) lead‐free ceramic dielectrics are successfully produced via the tape‐casting method. The local structural characteristics of these ceramics are verified using piezoresponse force microscopy and aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. By introducing Ta5+ ions into Bi0.39Na0.36Sr0.25TiO3 ceramics, the polar clusters tend to decrease together while the maximum applied electric field tends to increase. This phenomenon can be attributed to the decreased grain size and complex polar structure characterized by extremely small polar clusters, enabling the simultaneous achievement of high applied electric field, large polarization, and minimized polarization hysteresis. Notably, the tape‐casted lead‐free ceramics exhibited exceptional comprehensive energy storage performance with a recoverable energy storage density of ≈10.06 J cm−3 and an efficiency of ≈93% under a high electric field of 915 kV cm−1, surpassing the capabilities of most reported lead‐free ceramics. This work offers a viable solution for developing lead‐free ceramic dielectrics with outstanding energy storage capabilities.
A Self‐Recovery Triboelectric Nanogenerator with High Breakdown Resistance for Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhao Zhihao , Li Longwei , Gao Yikui , Zhao Xuejiao , Zhang Baofeng , Zhou Linglin , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: November 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) harvesting ocean wave energy is an effective method to alleviate the energy crisis. However, the breakdown phenomenon is ubiquitous for the TENG with a large area of dielectric layer, which not only limits the output and reliability but also highly risks the device failure. Here, a self‐recovery TENG (SR‐TENG) featuring high breakdown resistance is designed, which achieves a high output charge density of 4.24 mC m−2 with the assistance of the charge excitation technique, as well as maintains 87% of the initial output even after six times fierce electric breakdown, minimizing the negative impacts of the breakdown phenomenon. Besides, based on the SR‐TENG, a symmetric anaconda‐shaped self‐charge excited TENG is designed for effective water wave energy harvesting. This work not only sheds light on the self‐recovery phenomenon in TENGs, but also represents a significant step toward the high performance TENG featuring high breakdown resistance and ultimate stability, accelerating the practical applications of TENG for blue energy harvesting.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting H2O2 Photosynthesis via the Synergy of Multiple Charge Transfer Channels and Polarized Field
Authors: Li Zifan , Dong Zhimin , Zhang Zhibin , Wei Bingqing , Meng Cheng , Zhai Wen , Wang Youqun , Cao Xiaohong , Han Bin , Liu Yunhai
Published: November 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) serve as one of the most promising candidates for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis, while attaining high‐performance COFs remains a formidable challenge due to the insufficient separation of photogenerated charges. Here, through the rational design of bicarbazole‐based COFs (Cz‐COFs), we showcase the first achievement in piezo‐photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 using COFs. Noteworthily, the ethenyl group‐modified Cz‐COFs (COF‐DH‐Eth) demonstrates a record‐high yield of H2O2 (9212 μmol g−1 h−1) from air and pure water through piezo‐photocatalysis, which is ca. 2.5 times higher than that of pristine Cz‐COFs without ethenyl groups (COF‐DH‐H) under identical condition and COF‐DH‐Eth without ultrasonic treatment. The H2O2 production rate originates from the synergistic effect between an ultrasonication‐induced polarized electric field and the spatially separated multiple charge transfer channels, which significantly promote the utilization of photogenerated electrons by directional transfer from bicarbazole groups to the ethenyl group‐modified benzene rings. Several Cz‐COFs and bifluorenylidene‐based COFs (COF‐BFTB‐H) with similar twisted monomers exhibit obvious piezoelectric performance for promoting H2O2 generation, signifying that organic ligands with a twistable structure play a crucial role in creating broken symmetry structures, thereby establishing piezoelectric properties in COFs.
Phenol (bio)isosteres in drug design and development
Authors: Dunker Calvin , Schlegel Katja , Junker Anna
Published: November 2024

Due to their versatile properties, phenolic compounds are integral to various biologically active molecules, including many pharmaceuticals. However, their application in drug design is often hindered by issues such as poor oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and potential toxicity. This review explores the use of phenol bioisosteres–structurally similar compounds that can mimic the biological activity of phenols while potentially offering improved drug‐like properties. We provide an extensive analysis of various phenol bioisosteres, including benzimidazolones, benzoxazolones, indoles, quinolinones, and pyridones, highlighting their impact on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of drugs. Case studies illustrate the successful application of these bioisosteres in enhancing metabolic stability, receptor selectivity, and overall therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges associated with phenol bioisosterism, such as maintaining potency and avoiding undesirable side effects. By offering a detailed examination of current strategies and potential future directions, this review serves as a valuable resource for medicinal chemists seeking to optimize phenolic scaffolds in drug development. The insights provided herein aim to facilitate the design of more effective and safer therapeutic agents through strategic bioisosteric modifications.
Women's Role in Promoting Sustainable Development Through Stakeholder Engagement and Environmental Policy: African Perspectives On the Circular Economy
Authors: Oppong Clement , Mathibe Motshedisi Sina
Published: November 2024

As African countries increasingly adopt circular economy strategies, the implications for sustainable development remain underexplored, particularly regarding gender dynamics. This study investigates the critical role that women play in promoting sustainable development through stakeholder engagement and environmental policy within the context of the circular economy in Africa. Drawing on sustainability theories, the research employs exploratory and quantitative methods to analyse a longitudinal dataset from the World Development Indicators (WDI), Gender Statistics (GS), and Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) databases, covering 11 African countries from 2016 to 2023. The pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and system generalized method of moments (GMM) analyses reveal that women's involvement in the circular economy not only enhances sustainability but also contributes to job creation and overall economic growth. Moreover, women's engagement significantly moderates the relationship between circular economy practices and sustainability outcomes in the region. These findings offer new insights into the intersection of gender, policy, sustainability, and stakeholder engagement. They advance scholarly understanding of how women's participation in the circular economy can drive broader sustainable development goals in Africa.
Pyrimidine Nucleosides, Benzoic Acid Derivative, and Bipyridine From the Marine‐Derived Streptomyces Sp. DS52
Authors: Xia Meng‐de , Fang Jie‐bin , Huang Yun , Chen Shuang , Ma Zhong‐jun
Published: November 2024

Fourteen new compounds were isolated from marine‐derived Streptomyces sp. DS52, including 12 pyrimidine nucleosides (1–12), 1 benzoic acid derivative (13), and 1 dipyridine derivative (14). Additionally, 28 known compounds (15–42) were identified. The structures of all compounds were elucidated through extensive analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy data. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations were employed to investigate the configurations of compounds 1, 2, and 4–13. Bioactivity evaluations of all of the compounds showed that compound 41 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the HCT‐116 and MDA‐MB‐231 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.73 ± 0.06 and 1.11 ± 0.06 µM, respectively. Notably, compounds 6, 7, 9, 11, 15, 33–38, 41, and 42 exhibited cytotoxicity against HCT‐116 human colon cancer cell lines and MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.73 ± 0.06 to 17.44 ± 0.53 µM and from 1.11 ± 0.06 to 18.51 ± 3.07 µM, respectively.
Chemical Variation and Biological Properties of the Essential Oil and Main Volatiles of Pimenta dioica Harvested in the Northern Highlands of Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Pacheco‐Hernández Yesenia , Rangel‐Galván Maricruz , Velásquez‐Hernández Francisco E. , Lozoya‐Gloria Edmundo , Castro‐Juárez Carlos J. , Villa‐Ruano Nemesio
Published: November 2024

The chemical variation of the annual essential oils from Pimenta dioica (PdEOs) grown in the Northern Highlands of Puebla, Mexico, and their biological activities were determined. Eugenol (>50%) and β‐myrcene (>16%) were the main volatiles contained in the annual PdEOs (2022–2024) extracted from fruit and leaves. PdEOs showed inhibitory properties on human pancreatic lipase (IC50, 33–44 µg/mL) through mixed‐type inhibition with clear eugenol involvement (IC50, 47 µg/mL). The oral administration of PdEOs and eugenol combined with corn oil on ICR mice (p < 0.01) confirmed a strong anti‐hypertriglyceridemic activity at 3 and 4.5 h post‐treatment. PdEOs showed low toxicity in 3T3 fibroblasts and probiotics (IC50 > 500 µg/mL), whereas high lethal dose in ICR mice (LD50 > 8000 mg/kg BW). Eugenol, β‐myrcene, and PdEOs decreased Helicobacter pylori viability, acting as mixed inhibitors on urease. Results of anti‐lipase and anti–H. pylori urease assays were endorsed by docking calculations.
Rational Design of Supported Metal Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Sulfur‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Chen Haitao , Ling Zongpeng , Wang Yueyang , Dai Huicong , Zhao Zhenchao , Yang Qihua
Published: November 2024

Hydrogenation of nitro, carbonyl groups, and unsaturated bonds of sulfur‐containing compounds over supported metal catalysts is a green process in the production of building blocks of bioactive natural compounds, drugs, pesticides, and so forth, but it is a challenging task due to the strong coordination and complexation of the lone pair electrons in sulfur atom with active sites in catalyst, leading to dramatically reduced activity. Previous studies emphasize the sulfur‐resistant properties of catalysts in the hydrogenation of industrial feedstocks, but the direct hydrogenation of sulfur‐containing compounds has received limited attention. In this concept, recent advances in the hydrogenation of sulfur‐containing compounds were reviewed, including the strategies to improve the resistance of supported metal catalysts to sulfur poisoning. Finally, we give future perspectives on the development of efficient catalysts for the hydrogenation of sulfur‐containing compounds, and key factors influencing the hydrogen dissociation and migration in the presence of sulfur atoms are highlighted.
H©Li4Au4−: Planar Tetracoordinate Hydrogen in an Electrostatic Interaction Dominated Superhalogen Anion
Authors: Jin Bo , Wang Ying‐Jin
Published: November 2024

Planar hypercoordination has intrigued researchers for decades, yet hydrogen remained absent from this category until recently. Despite some advancements, further exploration of the emerging field of planar hypercoordinate hydrogen chemistry is still necessary. Herein, we report a D4h symmetric H©Li4Au4− cluster containing a planar tetracoordinate hydrogen (ptH) center. Both density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio calculations revealed that designed H©Li4Au4− is a real global minimum. Meanwhile, it also possesses excellent dynamic stability. This stability is dominated by electrostatic interactions, and reinforced by multicenter covalent bonds rather than any aromaticity. Interestingly, it is the first superhalogen anion in the ptH cluster and is expected to experimental synthesis and characterization.
Modulation of OPC Mitochondrial Function by Inhibiting USP30 Promotes Their Differentiation
Authors: Soung Allison L. , Kyauk Roxanne V. , Pandey Shristi , Shen Yun‐An A. , Reichelt Mike , Lin Han , Jiang Zhiyu , Kirshnamoorthy Praveen , Foreman Oded , Lauffer Benjamin E. , Yuen Tracy J.
Published: November 2024

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Failure of remyelination is thought to be caused in part by a block of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation into oligodendrocytes, which generate myelin sheaths around axons. The process of OPC differentiation requires a substantial amount of energy and high demand for ATP which is supplied through the mitochondria. In this study, we highlight mitochondrial gene expression changes during OPC differentiation in two murine models of remyelination and in human postmortem MS brains. Given these transcriptional alterations, we then investigate whether genetic alteration of USP30, a mitochondrial deubiquitinase, enhances OPC differentiation and myelination. By genetic knockout of USP30, we observe increased OPC differentiation and myelination without affecting OPC proliferation and survival in in vitro and ex vivo assays. We also find that OPC differentiation is accelerated in vivo following focal demyelination in USP30 knockout mice. The promotion of OPC differentiation and myelination observed is associated with increased oxygen consumption rates in USP30 knockout OPCs. Together, these data indicate a role for mitochondrial function and USP30 in OPC differentiation and myelination.
A multimodal vision transformer for interpretable fusion of functional and structural neuroimaging data
Authors: Bi Yuda , Abrol Anees , Fu Zening , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: November 2024

Multimodal neuroimaging is an emerging field that leverages multiple sources of information to diagnose specific brain disorders, especially when deep learning‐based AI algorithms are applied. The successful combination of different brain imaging modalities using deep learning remains a challenging yet crucial research topic. The integration of structural and functional modalities is particularly important for the diagnosis of various brain disorders, where structural information plays a crucial role in diseases such as Alzheimer's, while functional imaging is more critical for disorders such as schizophrenia. However, the combination of functional and structural imaging modalities can provide a more comprehensive diagnosis. In this work, we present MultiViT, a novel diagnostic deep learning model that utilizes vision transformers and cross‐attention mechanisms to effectively fuse information from 3D gray matter maps derived from structural MRI with functional network connectivity matrices obtained from functional MRI using the ICA algorithm. MultiViT achieves an AUC of 0.833, outperforming both our unimodal and multimodal baselines, enabling more accurate classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia. In addition, using vision transformer's unique attentional maps in combination with cross‐attentional mechanisms and brain function information, we identify critical brain regions in 3D gray matter space associated with the characteristics of schizophrenia. Our research not only significantly improves the accuracy of AI‐based automated imaging diagnostics for schizophrenia, but also pioneers a rational and advanced data fusion approach by replacing complex, high‐dimensional fMRI information with functional network connectivity, integrating it with representative structural data from 3D gray matter images, and further providing interpretative biomarker localization in a 3D structural space.
Comparing automated subcortical volume estimation methods; amygdala volumes estimated by FSL and FreeSurfer have poor consistency
Authors: Sadil Patrick , Lindquist Martin A.
Published: November 2024

Subcortical volumes are a promising source of biomarkers and features in biosignatures, and automated methods facilitate extracting them in large, phenotypically rich datasets. However, while extensive research has verified that the automated methods produce volumes that are similar to those generated by expert annotation; the consistency of methods with each other is understudied. Using data from the UK Biobank, we compare the estimates of subcortical volumes produced by two popular software suites: FSL and FreeSurfer. Although most subcortical volumes exhibit good to excellent consistency across the methods, the tools produce diverging estimates of amygdalar volume. Through simulation, we show that this poor consistency can lead to conflicting results, where one but not the other tool suggests statistical significance, or where both tools suggest a significant relationship but in opposite directions. Considering these issues, we discuss several ways in which care should be taken when reporting on relationships involving amygdalar volume.
Rapid Hydrological Responses Following Process‐Based Restoration in a Degraded Sierra Nevada Meadow
Authors: Sevier Emma C. , Pope Karen L. , Dralle David N. , Wagenbrenner Joseph W. , Cummings Adam K. , Richardson Paul , Lang Margaret
Published: November 2024

Mountain meadows are ecologically important groundwater dependent ecosystems that retain and store water in upland forested landscapes. They tend to occur in low gradient, broad valleys where water slows and sediment accumulates, making them efficient locations for restoration. Over a century and a half of land use has degraded many meadows in the Sierra Nevada, reducing their hydrological and ecological functionality. Process‐based restoration (PBR) is an ecosystem rehabilitation approach that utilises biogeomorphic processes to facilitate functional ecosystem recovery. Low‐tech applications of PBR leverage fluvial processes, plant growth and the manipulation of onsite materials to increase structural and hydrological complexity. In meadows, typical goals associated with restoration are to increase groundwater elevations, expand wetted area, encourage sediment capture and create diffuse flow paths leading to improved ecological function over time. This study compares surface and groundwater conditions in a degraded riparian meadow in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA for 1 year before and after process‐based restoration to understand initial changes in meadow hydrogeomorphic function. Restoration included the installation of 39 postless beaver dam analog structures in ~1 km of incised meadow channel. Stage‐discharge data at the inlet and outlet of the project area were paired with groundwater data collected from 13 wells distributed across the meadow to estimate increased water storage of 3700 m3 due to restoration. After the wet winter of 2023, we estimated that pools upstream of structures filled to over half their volume with fine sediment. We also applied hydrodynamic modelling to evaluate fluvial changes at high flows and found that restoration increased flow complexity and wetted surface area. These short‐term responses highlight the potential speed and ability of low‐tech, process‐based restoration in achieving restoration outcomes.
Prevention of maternal mortality with interventions in primary care services: What can we do?
Authors: Mayrink Jussara , Costa Maria L. , Souza Renato T. , Sampaio Lucas T. C. , Cecatti Jose G.
Published: November 2024

Despite global progress and a marked reduction in maternal mortality ratio worldwide, the burden of maternal death and morbidity remains a huge challenge, especially among low‐ and middle‐income settings. Maternal mortality is determined by multiple components. As a result, sustainable strategies require not only the implementation of effective health policies but also social development. In this narrative review, we discuss strategies to improve the maternal mortality ratio based on recent advances in public health. Primary care plays a key role in identifying background conditions, risk factors and early signs of some major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. Antenatal care also addresses other conditions that influence outcomes: unwanted pregnancies, nutrition, sexually transmitted illnesses, family planning, immunization, and child health. Therefore, awareness about major causes of maternal mortality, direct and indirect targeted interventions to adequately identify risk factors, implement prophylactic interventions when available and guarantee early diagnosis, can certainly impact outcomes.
The Stimulator of Interferon Genes Deficiency Attenuates Diabetic Myopathy Through Inhibiting NLRP3‐Mediated Pyroptosis
Authors: Yang Jingjuan , Wang Mengqiong , Shi Lingling , Fang Xin , Gao Cui , Ma Lin , Wang Yongfei , Ying Songmin , Yang Yi
Published: November 2024

Background

Diabetic myopathy is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)–mediated pyroptosis is a type of proinflammatory cell death, which can exacerbate significant muscle cell loss and adverse remodelling. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an essential molecule involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses across various diseases. The regulatory mechanism by which STING affects muscle pyroptosis in diabetic myopathy remains unclear.

Methods

STING‐knockout and wild‐type (WT) mice underwent intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). STING small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into fully differentiated C2C12 myotubes prior to glucose treatment. Muscle function tests, body composition analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, histology, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed. Co‐immunoprecipitation assays were employed to investigate the interaction between STING and NLRP3.

Results

STING expression was elevated in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) tissues of WT diabetic mice. STING‐deficient diabetic mice exhibited pronounced hyperglycaemia accompanied by hypoinsulinaemia, with no significant difference compared with WT diabetic mice. However, STING‐deficient diabetic mice demonstrated a significantly increased body weight and lean mass. A significant decrease in muscle weight, myofibrillar diameter and area, muscle function, and the expression of genes related to muscle atrophy (MuRF1, Atrogin1) were observed in WT diabetic mice, which was mitigated in STING‐deficient diabetic mice. STING deficiency reduced the number of GSDMD‐N formed pores and pyroptosis‐related components (NLRP3, caspase‐1, cle‐caspase‐1, GSDMD, and GSDMD‐N) in the GM tissues and was associated with a reduction in inflammatory chemokines. Similar changes were observed in vitro with glucose‐induced myotube atrophy and pyroptosis as seen in vivo. Activation of STING by the agonist diABZI exacerbated muscle atrophy and pyroptosis in C2C12 myotubes. Co‐localization of STING and NLRP3 was observed, and the interaction between STING and NLRP3 was enhanced in GM tissues from WT diabetic mice. We also found that STING could activate NLRP3 dependent on its channel activity, which can be attenuated by treated with C53 (an inhibitor of STING's ion‐channel function).

Conclusions

In conclusion, our results indicate that STING‐induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to pyroptosis, resulting in muscle atrophy and dysfunction. These findings not only elucidate the mechanism of STING‐induced pyroptosis but also identify STING as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic myopathy.
Detection and Characterization of Multidimensional Information of Adipocyte Model Based on AFM‐Raman
Authors: Zhang Yuchi , Song Zhengxun , Qu Kaige , Sun Peishuang , Li Lifang , Hu Jing , Wang Zuobin
Published: November 2024

Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue leads to metabolic disorders, and the excessive differentiation of preadipocytes into white adipocytes is one of the contributing factors to obesity. The browning of white adipocytes has been regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy. To analyze the origins and potential solutions for obesity from a fundamental perspective, we employed atomic force microscopy, and Raman confocal microscopy to investigate and characterize multidimensional information regarding the differentiation process of 3 T3‐L1 preadipocyte models into white adipocytes and their subsequent browning into beige adipocytes. The results from atomic force microscopy indicated that during the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature white adipocytes, there was an increase in cell height, a decrease in length, and a transformation in shape from fibroblast‐like morphology to spherical form. Additionally, Young's modulus, stiffness, and adhesion decreased throughout this process. Following browning, cells maintained their spherical shape but exhibited reduced height compared to white adipocytes; lipid droplet decomposition resulted in increased surface roughness. Raman spectroscopy studies revealed that preadipocytes lacked specific lipid peaks; however, as they differentiated into white adipocytes, peak Raman signals transitioned from weak to sharp. After browning occurred, lipid peak signals became sparse and dispersed. Furthermore, by calibrating temperature standard curves based on water molecule hydrogen‐oxygen stretching bands, it was found that beige adipocytes possess thermogenic capabilities. Based on Segment Anything Model for lipid droplet segmentation and color clustering 3D K‐Means point cloud analysis: White adipocyte lipid droplets aggregated with deeper coloration post‐staining appearing duller; conversely, beige adipocyte coloration appeared lighter and brighter with more clusters present within the clustering point cloud. In summary, this study provides a novel method for multidimensional detection and characterization through an interdisciplinary approach combining cellular biology with physical chemistry.
Dealing with Missing Angular Sections in NanoCT Reconstructions of Low Contrast Polymeric Samples Employing a Mechanical In Situ Loading Stage
Authors: Debastiani Rafaela , Kurpiers Chantal Miriam , Lemma Enrico Domenico , Breitung Ben , Bastmeyer Martin , Schwaiger Ruth , Gumbsch Peter
Published: November 2024

While in situ experiments are gaining importance for the (mechanical) assessment of metamaterials or materials with complex microstructures, imaging conditions in such experiments are often challenging. The lab‐based computed tomography system Xradia 810 Ultra allows for the in situ (time‐lapsed) mechanical testing of samples. However, the in situ loading setup of this system limits the image acquisition angle to 140°. For low contrast polymeric materials, this limited acquisition angle leads to regions of low information gain, thus preventing an accurate reconstruction of the data using a filtered back projection algorithm resulting in erroneous microstructures. Here, we demonstrate how the information gain can be improved by selecting an appropriate position of the sample. A low contrast polymeric tetrahedral microlattice sample and a structured sample with specific markers, both scanned over 140° and 180°, demonstrate that the missing structural details in the 140° reconstruction are limited to an angular wedge of about 20°. Depending on the sample geometry and microstructure, applying simple strategies for the in situ experiments allows accurate reconstruction of the data. For the tetrahedral microlattice, a simple rotation of the sample by 90° rotates all relevant surfaces by about 30° to the original illumination direction, creating a more even X‐ray illumination for all the projections, thus providing enough X‐ray absorption for an accurate reconstruction of the geometry.
Effect of Dentin Bio‐Modifiers Grape Seed Extract, Hesperidin on Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Assessment
Authors: Al Wadei Mohammed Hussain Dafer , Qasim Muhammad , Alsaeed Ali Y. , Alshehri Faisal Hasan , Abrar Eisha
Published: November 2024

Investigation of different collagen cross‐linking (CCL) agents, grape seed extract (GSE), Hesperidin (Hes), and rose bengal photosensitizer (RBP) on shear bond strength (SBS) and marginal leakage (ML) of composite bonded to carious affected dentin (CAD). Sixty‐eight human molars in which carious lesions up to the middle third of the dentin were included. CAD was made flat followed by acid etching. Teeth were allocated randomly into four groups based on the application of CCL agents. Group 1: no CCL agent, Groups 2–4 samples treated with CCL agents. Bonding of adhesive and composite was performed followed by artificial aging. ML assessment was performed using a dye penetration test. SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine followed by failure mode analysis. Analysis of the resin CAD interface with SEM was performed to identify the resin tag. For group comparisons, one‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test were used. The length and number of resin tags in GSE and Hes groups were greater than in the control and RBP. Furthermore, samples treated with GSE presented the highest scores of SBS and lowest ML. The control group presented the lowest bond integrity and highest ML. GSE and Hes positively influenced both SBS and ML.
Comparative Analysis of the Morphological Traits of Cucumis melo Seed Remains Discovered in the Graveyard of the Haihun Marquis in Nanchang and Modern C. melo Seeds Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Zhao Yujiao , Lu Jimei , Liu Weiwei , Jiang Lu , Zha Liangping , Peng Huasheng
Published: November 2024

The graveyard of the Haihun Marquis in Nanchang is the largest and best‐preserved Han Dynasty mausoleum discovered in China. Within the tomb's beam bank (M1), archaeologists have uncovered a variety of plant remains, such as melon seeds, the traits and origins of which warrant timely investigation. Cucumis melo L. has a long history of being cultivated and consumed in China. In this study, macroscopic identification techniques, scanning electron microscopy, and cluster analyses of the seeds of ancient C. melo and 16 varieties of modern melons (9 with thick skin, 6 with thin skin, and 1 thick/thin‐skinned hybrid) were performed to compare their morphological trait indexes and seed coat ultrastructures. Through the measurement of various morphological parameters (length, width, upper one‐third width, lower one‐third width, thickness, and surface area) of each type of melon seed and subsequent cluster analysis of the morphological data, the ancient melon was determined to belong to the same cluster as the C. melo varieties “Lvbao”, “Huangpi”, “Boyang No. 9”, “Malianzhuang”, “Yangjiaomi”, and “Zhimami”, exhibiting the closest affinity to the thin‐skinned types, particularly “Huangpi”, “Malianzhuang”, and “Zhimami”. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the epidermal ultrastructure revealed that the reticulated morphology of the seed coat of the ancient melon closely resembled that of the thin‐skinned melon. Consequently, we hypothesize that the melon seeds excavated from the graveyard of the Haihun Marquis belong to the thin‐skinned type of melon.
Distinct clinical characteristics of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with asymmetrical ESR1 expression in paraspinal muscle progenitor cells
Authors: Xin Hanlong , Sui Wenyuan , Mao Wenhua , Yang Junlin , Shao Xiexiang
Published: November 2024

Background

Previous studies found decreased ESR1 expression of concave paraspinal muscle progenitor cells could contribute to the initiation and progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The current study investigated the clinical characteristics of AIS with asymmetrical ESR1 expression in paraspinal muscle progenitor cells.

Materials and Methods

Bilateral deep paraspinal muscle progenitor cells were obtained from 25 consecutive eligible female patients with AIS. RT‐qPCR was performed to evaluate the expression of ESR1. The demographic data (the age at surgery, height, weight, BMI, and age at initiation), posteroanterior and lateral radiographs data (Risser sign, Cobb angle, apical vertebral rotation, and location of apical vertebra), and MR imaging data (bilateral paraspinal muscle CSA ratio and bilateral fatty component ratio) were collected. The correlation between asymmetrical ESR1 expression of paraspinal muscle progenitor cells and the aforementioned clinical characteristics were analyzed.

Results

Twelve out of twenty‐five patients (48%) showed bilateral ESR1 expression ratio (convex/concave) more than 1.5 folds, and they were divided into the ESR1 asymmetry group. When compared with the ESR1 symmetry group, patients in the ESR1 asymmetry group showed significantly more severe scoliosis (p = 0.041), more hypoplastic concave paraspinal muscle (p = 0.015), and more muscular fatty infiltration in the concave side (p = 0.034). The bilateral ESR1 expression ratio was significantly correlated with Cobb angle (r2 = 0.282, p = 0.006), bilateral paraspinal muscle CSA ratio (r2 = 0.253, p = 0.011), and bilateral fatty component ratio (r2 = 0.248, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

There were 48% of AIS patients with significantly decreased ESR1 expression in concave paraspinal muscle progenitor cells (convex/concave>1.5 folds), while patients with more asymmetrical ESR1 expression showed more hypoplastic paraspinal muscle and fatty infiltration on the concave side, and more severe scoliotic deformity.
Critical Assessment of Clean‐up Procedures Used for Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Cannabis Inflorescence
Authors: Mraz Petr , Drabova Lucie , Stupak Michal , Schusterova Dana , Kocourek Vladimir , Hajslova Jana
Published: November 2024

Accurate analysis of pesticide residues in such a complex matrix as cannabis is a challenging task. The aim of this study was to find an optimal way of removing abundant matrix co‐extracts from Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe extract prior to its analysis by gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS). Out of the seven procedures tested, clean‐up with Supel QuE Verde sorbent provided the most satisfactory performance characteristics for 277 targeted pesticides, which is the highest number of these analytes ever investigated within a GC‐MS‐based study focused on cannabis. The criteria set in the SANTE/11312/2021 V2 document were considered to assess the results obtained within the method validation. Recoveries in the range of 70%–120% with repeatability ≤20% were obtained for 219 and 114 pesticides at spiking levels of 0.1 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. For a deeper insight into the function of tested sorbents and to understand the effects of interfering matrix co‐extracts, the two‐dimensional GC coupled with the time‐of‐flight MS method was employed for the analysis of all purified extracts. Co‐eluting major phytocannabinoids and free fatty acids were shown to be responsible for high “chemical noise”, increasing limits of quantification of pesticides at respective retention times. Since cannabis chemotypes fairly differ in phytocannabinoid content, the matrix effects, thus performance characteristics, may vary. Under such conditions, validation is recommended for different cannabis chemotypes.
Vitamin D in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy individuals or with other diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Castellanos Bruny Carolina Llamas , Ortíz Wanderley Augusto Arias
Published: November 2024

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the accelerated proliferation of keratinocytes, which leads to the formation of scaly plaques and a chronic inflammatory response. Vitamin D is an inhibitor of dendritic cells acting as an immune modulator; therefore, vitamin D deficiency could explain the increased incidence of psoriasis for the reduction of anti‐inflammatory activity.

Objectives

To compare serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D levels in patients with psoriasis and healthy individuals.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs, Ovid and ProQuest databases to find the best available evidence from 2013 to 2024. We also conducted a snowballing literature search to expand the included studies. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed through the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. A random effect meta‐analysis model was applied.

Results

A total of 27 articles were included in the systematic review of these three cross‐sectional studies included in the first meta‐analysis, the synthesized standardized mean difference (SMD) in serum vitamin D between psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis was −0.13 (95% CI [−0.46, 0.20], p = 0.45). The second meta‐analysis included two case controls, the synthesized SMD in serum vitamin D between psoriasis and controls was −0.71 (95% CI [−0.85, −0.57], p = 0.00).

Conclusions

No difference in vitamin D levels between psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis was found. Psoriasis patients have lower vitamin D levels than the general population. However, further studies are essential to understand how vitamin D levels contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis or vice versa and its role in severity.
RNA Methyltransferase NSUN5 Promotes Esophageal Cancer via 5‐Methylcytosine Modification of METTL1
Authors: Cui Yuanbo , Hu Zhaoyang , Zhang Chunyan
Published: November 2024

Aberrant RNA modifications can drive carcinogenic transformation and tumor progression, with 5‐methylcytosine (m5C) emerging as one of the predominant RNA modifications in eukaryotic cells. However, the function and molecular mechanisms of m5C in esophageal cancer (ESCA) remain insufficiently defined. Here we report that the m5C methyltransferase NOP2/Sun domain family member 5 (NSUN5) is significantly upregulated in ESCA tumors and shows promising diagnostic potential. Functionally, knockdown of NSUN5 impairs the proliferation capacity of ESCA cells and arrests cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, while enforced expression of NSUN5 accelerates ESCA progression. In vivo, deficiency of NSUN5 significantly reduces tumor growth in a cell‐based xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, NSUN5 correlates with the oncogenic methyltransferase like 1 (METTL1), positively regulating its expression; NSUN5 binds directly to the METTL1 transcript, facilitating its m5C modification in ESCA cells. Additionally, overexpression of METTL1 effectively counteracts the tumor‐suppressive effects resulting from NSUN5 ablation in both in vitro and in vivo settings. A comprehensive pan‐cancer analysis further underscores NSUN5's essential role in digestive system tumors, with downregulation of NSUN5 notably inhibiting gastric and colon cancer cell growth. These findings provide new insights into epigenetic regulation in ESCA and propose the NSUN5/METTL1 axis as a promising therapeutic target for this malignancy.
A Multi‐Objective Optimization for Determination of Sustainable Crop Pattern Using Game Theory
Authors: Ganjali Narges , Guney Caner
Published: November 2024

Amid growing concerns about environmental sustainability in agriculture, this study explores the potential of a game‐theoretic approach to identify and implement sustainable crop patterns in the Marvdasht–Kherameh sub‐basin, Iran. Employing a cooperative game‐theoretic framework, the study considers farmers, environmental advocates and policymakers as stakeholders with distinct objectives: maximising profit, minimising environmental pollution and optimising water consumption. This research aims to develop and apply a comprehensive model that effectively integrates these diverse objectives, proposing practical, sustainable agricultural strategies for the region. The game‐theoretic model is integrated with data analysis and optimization techniques to identify Pareto‐optimal solutions that balance the competing objectives of stakeholders with vested interest. The advantage of this approach is its ability to produce a robust, spatially visualised solution using GIS‐based mapping, which improves communication and aids in implementing sustainable crop patterns. Using regression models, an equilibrium point, defined as the intersection of the three polynomial regression models representing profit, nitrate fertiliser amount and water consumption objectives is identified. The optimised crop pattern corresponding to this equilibrium point is determined using a single‐objective optimization model. Key findings include a 40% reduction in wheat cultivation and significant increases in barley (143%) and paddy rice (113%), leading to enhanced resource efficiency and sustainability by optimising water and nitrate fertiliser use. The results offer significant benefits, including detailed spatial visualisation and stakeholder‐specific optimization for sustainable crop patterns, which can be adapted to other agricultural regions facing similar challenges.
Role of next‐generation sequencing in revolutionizing healthcare for cancer management
Authors: Sahoo Om Saswat , Aidasani Hiya , Nayek Arnab , Tripathi Smita , Talukdar Joyeeta , Gul Anamta , Kumar Deepak , Dhar Ruby , Karmakar Subhradip
Published: November 2024

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a transformative technology in oncology, revolutionizing cancer diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies. By providing comprehensive insights into the genetic landscape of tumors, NGS enables the identification of critical somatic and germline mutations, copy number variations (CNVs), and gene fusions. Over the past decade, advancements in NGS platforms have led to greater accuracy, speed, and cost‐effectiveness, making it an integral part of cancer research and clinical diagnostics. Despite its widespread adoption, significant challenges remain, including the need for improved methods to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) and accurately profile tumor heterogeneity. This review explores the evolution of NGS technologies and their pivotal role in cancer biology, from early diagnostics to therapeutic guidance. It delves into the application of NGS in identifying CNVs and gene fusions, monitoring MRD, and the increasing relevance of targeted NGS and spatial genomics. Furthermore, the integration of spatial transcriptomics is highlighted as a frontier in understanding the tumor microenvironment. By addressing these critical aspects, this review provides a comprehensive overview of how NGS is shaping the future of cancer research and treatment, offering a complete overview of potential NGS applications in scientific and clinical oncology.
Enhancing multivariate post‐processed visibility predictions utilizing Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service forecasts
Authors: Lakatos Mária , Baran Sándor
Published: November 2024

In our contemporary era, meteorological weather forecasts increasingly incorporate ensemble predictions of visibility—a parameter of great importance in aviation, maritime navigation, and air quality assessment, with direct implications for public health. However, this weather variable falls short of the predictive accuracy achieved for other quantities issued by meteorological centers. Therefore, statistical post‐processing is recommended to enhance the reliability and accuracy of predictions. By estimating the predictive distributions of the variables with the aid of historical observations and forecasts, one can achieve statistical consistency between true observations and ensemble predictions. Visibility observations, following the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, are typically reported in discrete values; hence, the predictive distribution of the weather quantity takes the form of a discrete parametric law. Recent studies demonstrated that the application of classification algorithms can successfully improve the skill of such discrete forecasts; however, a frequently emerging issue is that certain spatial and/or temporal dependencies could be lost between marginals. Based on visibility ensemble forecasts of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts for 30 locations in Central Europe, we investigate whether the inclusion of Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) predictions of the same weather quantity as an additional covariate could enhance the skill of the post‐processing methods and whether it contributes to the successful integration of spatial dependence between marginals. Our study confirms that post‐processed forecasts are substantially superior to raw and climatological predictions, and the utilization of CAMS forecasts provides a further significant enhancement both in the univariate and multivariate setup. We also demonstrate that post‐processing significantly improves the predictions of low visibility events, which opens the door for aeronautical applications.
Classification of Physical Activity Programs Based on the Kellgren & Lawrence Scale for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Canzone Alberto , Roggio Federico , Patti Antonino , Giustino Valerio , Mannucci Carmen , Di Mauro Debora , Musumeci Giuseppe , Bianco Antonino , Trimarchi Fabio
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Knee osteoarthritis is a common orthopaedic disease, is the leading cause of disability in the elderly, and can lead to pain, loss of function, and reduced quality of life. This research aims to determine how PA programs can be effectively classified and customised to align with the stages of knee OA according to the KL classification.

Objective

The research aims to fill the gap in understanding the relationship between the type and intensity of PA and the stages of OA as defined by the KL classification.

Materials and Methods

A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. This review included different types of studies published after January 1, 2013.

Results

Two thousand one hundred and thirty‐six were picked up and only nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The beneficial effects of exercise were found in the function of the joints, pain, and quality of life. Aerobic, isometric, and resistance training showed positive effects and presented improvements in physical function, quality of life, and pain.

Conclusion

The exercise programs appear to be both safe and effective in subjects with knee osteoarthritis with regard to quality of life, pain, and knee function.

Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024550463