bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting Critical Thinking in Speaking Classes Using the Think-Pair-Share Technique
Authors: Sriyanda Ricky , Priyana Joko
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) technique in enhancing students' critical thinking skills and to explore students' perceptions of its application in speaking classes. Using a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design based on Kurt Lewin's model, the study followed the steps of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The research was conducted with 30 second-grade students (12 male and 18 female) from SMAN, Aceh, Indonesia, in the 2023/2024 academic year, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection methods included classroom observations, questionnaires, and student interviews, with the analysis carried out using descriptive and qualitative statistics. The findings indicated a significant improvement in students' critical thinking skills, as shown by the increase in performance from Cycle 1 (66.6%) to Cycle 2 (70%). Moreover, the results of the questionnaires demonstrated that students responded positively to the TPS technique. Therefore, the study concludes that the TPS technique effectively promotes critical thinking skills in speaking classes, offering cognitive and engagement benefits.
The Impact of the Think Pair Share Learning Model Assisted by Audiovisual Media on High School Learners’ Indonesian Speaking Skills
Authors: Sunarya Erlin , Atmazaki Atmazaki
Published: October 2024

Think-pair-share is a collaborative learning strategy where students think individually about a topic, pair up to discuss their thoughts, and then share their ideas with the larger group. This model encourages active participation, critical thinking, and effective communication. One effective medium is audiovisual media, which combines both visual and auditory elements to create a more engaging learning experience. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of think-pair-share (TPS) learning model assisted by audiovidual media on speaking skills. To attain the research purposes, the study is designed in experimental study with using one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this research is class The sample in this research was class X E.2 students, totaling 35 people. The instruments of this research were speaking skills tests. To analyze this data, the researchers utilized SPSS software. To ascertain the significant impact of the learning model assisted by audiovisual media, the researchers employed the t-test analysis. Based on the data analysis, the mean score of students’ indonesian speaking skills assissted by audiovisual in pretest is 68.97 and in posttest is 84.16. The TPS learning model has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in enhancing students' speaking skills and overall language proficiency. The stages create a dynamic and supportive learning environment that fosters individual cognitive development and promotes active communication. By encouraging students to first reflect on their ideas, then discuss them with a peer, and finally articulate them in front of the larger group, TPS not only builds confidence in verbal expression but also reinforces essential language competencies such as fluency, active listening, and critical thinking.
Thematic Photobooks System: A Strategy for Autistic Personal Growth
Authors: Veksler Dina
Published: October 2024

This article presents the Thematic Photobooks system as an innovative approach to fostering the development of special children. Drawing on the theories of L.S. Vygotsky and the Activity Theory by A. Leontiev and S. Rubinstein, it emphasizes the crucial role of mediating agents in a child's intellectual and personality development and the importance of a social medium in this process. Thematic Photobooks, created through a collaborative effort between an adult and a child, act as a bridge between the child and their environment. The article explores how photography and photo stories contribute to a child's development, offering both a goal and a process that helps cultivate essential life skills and knowledge. The structure, application, and benefits of this system are discussed, illustrated by a real-life case study of a special child.
Cognitive Processes and Their Relation to Word Reading, Comprehension, and Math Competence in A Sample of School Children Who Live in Poverty
Authors: Samantaray Swagatika , Das Prangya Paramita Priyadarshini
Published: October 2024

The present paper reports an investigation into the structure of the relationship between cognitive processes on the one hand, and Reading and Math competence on the other within a neurocognitive frame-work (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous and Successive processing, PASS). The participants were children in Grades 4 and 5 from a school located in a low-SES region of Odisha, India. All of them were English Language Learners whose mother tongue was Odia. Structural Equation modelling showed that Word decoding was best predicted by a latent factor comprising Planning, and Successive and Simultaneous processes, whereas Comprehension was better explained by Successive and Simultaneous processing. Math competence was best predicted by Simultaneous processing and to a lesser extent by Planning. These results were weakened by the deleterious effects of chronic poverty that included lack of exposure to English language and reading materials. In spite of this limitation, broad relationship between PASS processes on the one hand, and Reading and Math achievement on the other, replicated previous findings as noted in a metaanalysis. That lead us to suggest a reason based on the basic universality of structure and functions of the brain.
Influence of Pornography Consumption on Brain Chemistry: Neuroscientific Insights
Authors: Rasool Farhan
Published: October 2024

This article explores the increasing impact of modern technology on the consumption of pornography and its potential effects. It examines the correlation between exposure to explicit material and deviant behavior towards women, with a particular emphasis on increasing media literacy awareness. Further, it identifies changes in brain chemistry, such as addiction, and warns about the potential erosion of executive functions. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the impact of explicit material on both brain chemistry and behavior.
Activación conductual para reducir sintomatología depresiva, caso único
Authors: Pepinosa Andrade Leila , Andrade Castillo Geremy , Oñate Porras José Fernando
Published: October 2024

El presente estudio de caso único examinó los efectos de la terapia de Activación Conductual en la reducción de sintomatología depresiva de un paciente ecuatoriano de 22 de edad que cursa estudios universitarios. Se utilizó un diseño de experimentación ABA, con mediciones basales (Fase A), una intervención breve de AC (Fase B) y una replicación de la medición basal (Fase A2). La sintomatología depresiva se evaluó por medio del instrumento CES-D. Durante la fase A, se registraron niveles significativos de sintomatología depresiva. En la fase B, se implementó una intervención basada en clarificación de valores, autorregistros y reforzadores positivos. Durante esta fase se observó una disminución gradual de la sintomatología depresiva. La fase A2 se caracterizó por la replicación de las mediciones basales después de la interrupción de la intervención. Los resultados revelaron que la sintomatología depresiva mostraba una ligera tendencia a aumentar durante esta fase, respaldando la relación entre la intervención y la reducción de la sintomatología depresiva.
Relato de um caso de Perturbação de Hiperatividade/Défice de Atenção e Perturbação Desafiante de Oposição
Authors: Lopes Guedes Fernanda , Mendes Silva Cláudia
Published: October 2024

A Perturbação de Hiperatividade/Défice de Atenção (PHDA) tem como principal comorbilidade a Perturbação Desafiante de Oposição (PDO). Os casos clínicos de comorbilidade tendem a apresentar piores prognósticos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o caso clínico de um menino de 6 anos, encaminhado para o serviço de Psicologia por comportamentos disruptivos na escola.
O processo de avaliação psicológica foi realizado através de entrevistas aos pais e à criança, questionários de autorresposta preenchidos pelos pais e pela professora e provas de avaliação cognitiva. Após a formulação diagnóstica de PHDA, os pais rejeitaram a terapia farmacológica. Desenvolveu-se um plano de intervenção individual para promoção da melhoria da regulação emocional e dos níveis atencionais da criança. Ao todo foram realizadas 15 sessões com a criança e os pais, pelo que se apresentam os resultados obtidos na intervenção psicológica. Atendendo ao carácter crónico das problemáticas, o processo terapêutico terá seguimento.
Lea's Daughter Dinah: Unknown Variants of Genesis 34 in the Oc-tateuch Manuscripts
Authors: Serdar Dinçer Pınar
Published: October 2024

Genesis 34, an obscure narrative in the Torah, tells the story of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah. The biblical story unfolds as Dinah goes out to see the local girls, a seemingly innocent act, and her life is thrown into darkness when Shechem, the prince of the land, harasses her. The following chain of events involves Dinah's brothers, Simeon and Levi, and their cunning deception of Shechem and his clan, revenge, and confrontation with their father, Jacob.
This study examines the complex layers of Genesis 34, exploring its disconnection from the broader Genesis narrative and the absence of moral clarity or divine presence in the text. The narrative raises unanswered questions about Dinah's fate, the consequences of vengeance on Shechem, and God's silence throughout the events. Including this story in Bible has puzzled early commentators, prompting them to reflect on the moral lesson and overall message intended to be drawn from it.
The article has two parts. The first part analyses the sources from the period between 1000 and 1300 CE that mentions the story of Dinah and gives an idea about the interpretations and reflections of this episode in the Bible at that time. In the second part, the study analyses the illustrations of Dinah in the Middle Byzantine Octateuch manuscripts, shedding light on the visual interpretations and representations of the story in the context of medieval art.
As the study progresses, it attempts to unravel the mystery surrounding Dinah's story, exploring its significance, moral implications and potential cultural or historical implications. The juxtaposition of textual and visual analyses adds depth to the exploration of this biblical narrative and invites readers to reflect on the ongo-ing enigma of Genesis 34 and its complex lessons.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Polato Adriana Delmira Mendes , Beloti Adriana , Ohuschi Marcia Cristina Greco
Published: October 2024

Apresentação do Dossiê.
A ANÁLISE LINGUÍSTICA SOB O ENFOQUE DAS PROJEÇÕES DA ENUNCIAÇÃO
Authors: Merith-Claras Sonia
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como o conceito de análise linguística, perspectiva defendida por João Wanderley Geraldi, foi relacionado aos pressupostos da Semiótica Discursiva durante pesquisa de doutorado. Mais precisamente, nosso propósito é destacar como o estudo das projeções da enunciação (de pessoa, tempo e espaço) foi transposto para o ensino da língua portuguesa. Partimos, incialmente, das contribuições de Geraldi sobre leitura e análise linguística que perpassaram as Diretrizes Curriculares do Estado do Paraná para, então, tratarmos da pesquisa realizada, trazendo exemplos do material desenvolvido e aplicado em uma turma do Ensino Fundamental.
Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 in breast invasive carcinoma: a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Qi Teng , Hu Yujie , Wan Junhao , Zhao Bo , Xiao Jinsuo , Liu Jie , Cheng Ye , Wu He , Lv Yonggang , Ji Fuqing
Published: October 2024

Background

Breast cancer, despite significant advancements in treatment, remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Immunotherapy, an emerging therapeutic strategy, offers promise for better outcomes, particularly through the modulation of immune functions. Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog 1 (GLI1), a transcription factor implicated in cancer biology, has shown varying roles in different cancers. However, its immunoregulatory functions in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) remain elusive. The current study aimed to unravel the expression patterns and immune-regulatory roles of GLI1 in BRCA.

Methods

Utilizing multiple bioinformatic platforms (TIMER2.0, GEPIA2, and R packages) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and/or Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, we analyzed the expression of GLI1 in BRCA and its pan-cancer expression profiles. We further validated these findings by conducting qPCR and immunohistochemical staining on clinical BRCA samples. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to assess the prognostic value of GLI1. Additionally, the association between GLI1 expression and immune infiltration within the tumor immune microenvironment (TMIE) was examined.

Results

The findings reveal dysregulated expression of GLI1 in numerous cancers, with a significant decrease observed in BRCA. High GLI1 expression indicated better survival outcomes and was correlated with the age and stage of BRCA patients. GLI1 was involved in immune status, as evidenced by its strong correlations with immune and stromal scores and the infiltration levels of multiple immune cells. Meanwhile, GLI1 was co-expressed with multiple immune-related genes, and high GLI1 expression was associated with the activation of immune-related pathways, such as binding to proteasome and mismatch repair and retinol metabolism signaling pathways. Additionally, the differential expression of GLI1 may be related to the effect of immunotherapy on CTLA-4, PD-1, and other signals, and can effectively predict the immune efficacy.

Conclusion

Our study underscores the critical role of GLI1 in BRCA, both as a potential tumor suppressor and an immune regulator. The association between GLI1 expression and favorable prognosis suggests its potential as a prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target in BRCA.
Isolation and pathogenicity of a highly virulent group III porcine Getah virus in China
Authors: Wu Yu , Gao Xiaopeng , Kuang Zhanpeng , Lin Limiao , Zhang Hao , Yin Lijuan , Hong Jiabing , Ren Bohua , Li Qunhui , Wang Lianxiang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Getah virus (GETV) is a multi-host virus found in pigs, horses, and blue foxes. Clinically, GETV can cause fever, diarrhea, and reproductive disorders in pigs, representing significant threats to pig breeding. At present, few studies have examined the pathogenicity of GETV in pigs of different ages.

Methods

In the present study, a new strain, named GETV-QJ, was isolated from clinically ill pigs, and whole genome sequencing analysis was performed. Besides the pathogenicity of piglets and pregnant sows of this strain was further studied.

Results

the results illustrated that the strain belonged to group III. The strain had 93.6%–96.3% homology with other subtypes, and its homology with the same subtype strain ranged 96.5%–99%. Further studies on the pathogenicity of the virus indicated that this strain caused severe diarrhea, fever, and intestinal and lung damage in 7-day-old piglets, resulting in their death. The piglet survival rate was 0%. In pregnant sows, this strain did not cause fever, death, or abortion, but it induced viremia, which affected the farrowing performance of sows and led to reduced piglet survival.

Discussion

In this study, we isolated a highly virulent group III and comprehensively established a pathogenic model of GETV in piglets and sows, providing a reference and guidance for the prevention and control of this infection.
Organizational use of social media during a global health crisis
Authors: Shi Wanzhu , Yeung Tina , Dmello Jared
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic initiated new and unprecedented challenges that required organizations to curate timely, accurate and engaging public health information to communicate to local communities during a health crisis. Guided by the social media typology, content analysis was used to analyze tweets from six organizations located in a predominantly Hispanic community responsible for managing the pandemic. Findings revealed that these organizations have actively used Twitter (now known as “X”) to inform local residents about COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic and guided them how to respond to this health crisis by providing content with health-related actions. The analysis indicated that redundant digital content without using the local language of the community did not help public health officials communicate effectively to their citizens, thereby increasing their level of engagement and eliciting behavior changes. We suggest that public organizations, government, and healthcare organizations within a minority community need adopt social media strategies that incorporate the local community's language in content generation to foster ongoing conversations, mobilize actions, and elicit behavioral changes within their local communities.
Factors influencing inclusive teachers’ acceptance to adopt eLearning platforms in classroom: a case study in Oman
Authors: Almaki Samah Hatem , Al Mazrouei Ahmed Khalaf , Mafarja Nofouz , Naseem Warda , Sial Muhammad Adnan , Naveed Rana Tahir
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 has sparked a significant shift in education toward the use of eLearning platforms. Inclusive teachers encounter several challenges when adopting eLearning platforms for education. The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing inclusive teachers’ acceptance of eLearning platforms according to the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model. Overall, 128 Omanis inclusive teachers completed the survey questionnaire. The findings revealed the general acceptability of eLearning platforms. Higher performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, and service quality were all significant predictors of the eLearning platform on behavioral intention. Moreover, the findings showed that further support and training are needed for inclusive teachers to use eLearning systems.
Ecological drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity of macroinvertebrates in Wei River Basin of northwest China
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Ma Mengdi , Wang Luyao , Jin Yujun , Liu Yiming , Yin Xuwang , Liu Gang , Song Jinxi
Published: October 2024

Understanding biodiversity changes, along with its driving factors and mechanisms, is crucial in biogeography and community ecology. Beta diversity is an indicator for discerning the compositional variations among communities and is essential role in fostering a comprehensive understanding of the ecological processes shaping biodiversity distribution patterns. This study quantitatively evaluated the beta diversity of macroinvertebrates in the Wei River Basin, focusing on: (i) contributions of turnover and nestedness to taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic total beta diversity, (ii) correlations between these beta diversity dimensions, and (iii) the influences of local, climatic, and spatial factors on beta diversity. We analyzed macroinvertebrate data from 51 sampling locations in the Wei River Basin and explored the relationships between different beta diversity dimensions using the Mantel test. Additionally, we assessed the relative influence of local, climatic, and spatial factors on beta diversity through distance-based redundancy analysis and variance partitioning methods. The results indicated that turnover predominantly affects taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity, while nestedness mainly drives functional beta diversity. Functional beta diversity was more weakly associated with the other dimensions. Local environmental factors significantly influenced taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity, whereas spatial factors had a stronger influence on functional beta diversity. Our findings highlight the need for conservation strategies to integrate taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic dimensions, transcending traditional species-level approaches.
Causal relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and ocular inflammatory diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Zhang Caishun , Zhang Qing , Jiang Yutong , Zhang Yuxuan , Dong Jing
Published: October 2024

Background

Observational studies have shown an increased risk of ocular inflammatory diseases in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the genetically predicted association remains unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the causal relationship between AS and ocular inflammatory diseases.

Methods

We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between AS and several common ocular inflammatory diseases based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and public health data. Five methods, namely, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR–Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode, were used. Sensitivity analysis was performed using MR–Egger intercept, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), Cochran’s Q test, outlier methods, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plots.

Results

The MR analysis showed a significantly increased risk of uveitis (ORIVW = 2.825, 95%CIIVW = 1.709–4.672, and PIVW < 0.001), iridocyclitis (ORIVW = 3.806, 95%CIIVW = 2.809–5.157, and PIVW < 0.001), scleritis (ORIVW = 1.738, 95%CIIVW = 1.190–2.539, and PIVW < 0.001), and episcleritis (ORIVW = 5.113, 95%CIIVW = 2.067–12.645, and PIVW = 0.004) associated with AS. However, no correlation was found between genetically predicted AS and keratitis (ORIVW = 1.041, 95%CIIVW = 0.886–1.222, and PIVW = 0.628) and optic neuritis (ORIVW = 0.868, 95%CIIVW = 0.441–1.709, and PIVW = 0.682).

Conclusion

AS increases the genetically predicted risk for uveitis, iridocyclitis, scleritis, and episcleritis. No potential association of AS with keratitis and optic neuritis was found. It may provide clues for the prevention of AS complications.
ISSA optimized spatiotemporal prediction model of dissolved oxygen for marine ranching integrating DAM and Bi-GRU
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Wang Ji , Li Zhenhua , Lu Qingjie
Published: October 2024

In marine ranching aquaculture, dissolved oxygen (DO) is a crucial parameter that directly impacts the survival, growth, and profitability of cultured organisms. To effectively guide the early warning and regulation of DO in aquaculture waters, this study proposes a hybrid model for spatiotemporal DO prediction named PCA-ISSA-DAM-Bi-GRU. Firstly, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to reduce the dimensionality of the input data and eliminate data redundancy. Secondly, an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) based on multi strategy fusion is proposed to enhance the optimization ability and convergence speed of the standard SSA by optimizing the population initialization method, improving the location update strategies for discoverers and followers, and introducing a Cauchy-Gaussian mutation strategy. Thirdly, a feature and temporal dual attention mechanism (DAM) is incorporated to the baseline temporal prediction model Bi-GRU to construct a feature extraction network DAM-Bi-GRU. Fourthly, the ISSA is utilized to optimize the hyperparameters of DAM-Bi-GRU. Finally, the proposed model is trained, validated, and tested using water quality and meteorological parameter data collected from a self-built LoRa+5G-based marine ranching aquaculture monitoring system. The results show that: (1) Compared with the baseline model Bi-GRU, the addition of PCA, ISSA and DAM module can effectively improve the prediction performance of the model, and their fusion is effective; (2) ISSA demonstrates superior capability in optimizing model hyperparameters and convergence speed compared to traditional methods such as standard SSA, genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO); (3) The proposed hybrid model achieves a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.2136, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.0232, and a Nash efficient (NSE) of 0.9427 for DO prediction, outperforming other similar data-driven models such as IBAS-LSTM and IDA-GRU. The prediction performance of the model meets the practical needs of precise DO prediction in aquaculture.
Computational modeling of the relationship between morphological heterogeneity and functional responses in mouse hippocampal astrocytes
Authors: Freund Anna , Mayr Alexander , Winkler Peter , Weber Rene , Tervonen Aapo , Refaeli Ron , Lenk Kerstin
Published: October 2024

Recent studies indicate that astrocytes show heterogeneity in morphology and physiological function. They integrate synaptic signals and release calcium in reaction to active neurons. These calcium signals are not yet fully understood as they are highly dependent on the cell's morphology, which can vary across and within brain regions. We found structural heterogeneity among mouse hippocampal CA1 astrocytes based on geometric features, clustering 741 cells into six classes. Of those, we selected 84 cells and reconstructed their morphology based on confocal microscope images and converted them into multi-compartment models with a high detailedness. We applied a computational biophysical model simulating the intracellular ion and IP3 signaling and diffusion in those 3D cell geometries. The cells were stimulated with three different glutamate stimuli. Calcium mainly oscillated in the stimulated and the neighboring compartment but not in the soma. Significant differences were found in the peak width, mean prominence, and mean peak amplitude of the calcium signal when comparing the signals in the stimulated and neighboring compartments. Overall, this study highlights the influence of the complex morphology of astrocytes on intracellular ionic signaling.
A combinatorial deep learning method for Alzheimer’s disease classification-based merging pretrained networks
Authors: Slimi Houmem , Balti Ala , Abid Sabeur , Sayadi Mounir
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. Despite significant research, AD remains incurable, highlighting the critical need for early diagnosis and intervention to improve patient outcomes. Timely detection plays a crucial role in managing the disease more effectively. Pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on large-scale datasets, such as ImageNet, have been employed for AD classification, providing a head start for developing more accurate models.

Methods

This paper proposes a novel hybrid deep learning approach that combines the strengths of two specific pretrained architectures. The proposed model enhances the representation of AD-related patterns by leveraging the feature extraction capabilities of both networks. We validated this model using a large dataset of MRI images from AD patients. Performance was evaluated in terms of classification accuracy and robustness against noise, and the results were compared to several commonly used models in AD detection.

Results

The proposed hybrid model demonstrated significant performance improvements over individual models, achieving an accuracy classification rate of 99.85%. Comparative analysis with other models further revealed the superiority of the new architecture, particularly in terms of classification rate and resistance to noise interference.

Discussion

The high accuracy and robustness of the proposed hybrid model suggest its potential utility in early AD detection. By improving feature representation through the combination of two pretrained networks, this model could provide clinicians with a more reliable tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of AD progression. This approach holds promise for aiding in timely diagnoses and treatment decisions, contributing to better management of Alzheimer’s disease.
Higher visual function deficits are independent of visual acuity measures in children with cerebral visual impairment
Authors: Chandna A. , Wong M. , Veitzman S. , Menjivar E. , Kulkarni A.
Published: October 2024

Cerebral visual impairment (CVI), the leading cause of bilateral visual impairment in children, is often characterized by visual acuity (VA) loss and higher visual function deficits (HVFDs). However, the relationship between VA loss and HVFDs remains unknown. A previous study using the Higher Visual Function Question Inventory (HVFQI) demonstrated that normal VA did not preclude HVFDs. In this prospective controlled study of children with CVI, we examine the relationship between HVFDs and degrees of VA loss to refine our understanding of this relationship. We introduce two new indices—HVFD spectrum and severity—to provide a comprehensive view of how CVI affects the individual child and the entire cohort. We also performed an analysis to determine the effectiveness of the HVFQI in eliciting HVFDs and present a preliminary analysis of the relationship between HVFDs and age. The study participants included 59 children with CVI (age: 9.87 ± 3.93 years [mean ± SD]; binocular VA: 0.35 ± 0.34 log MAR.) and 120 neurotypical (NT) children with normal visual acuity (age: 8.7 ± 2.8 years; binocular VA: 0.14 ± 0.16 logMAR). Clinical history and notes independently confirmed the diagnosis of CVI. Parents were interviewed with the HVFQI, and their responses were recorded using a five-level Likert scale. Mann–Whitney U-test (MWU) determined the ability of HVFQI to distinguish between CVI and NT participants; Fisher’s exact test (FET) and d-variable Hilbert–Schmidt independence criteria (dHSIC) assessed the independence between HVFDs and VA. The average spectrum (range 0–1) and severity (range 1–5) indices for CVI (spectrum: 0.65 ± 0.24, severity: 3.1 ± 0.77) and NT (spectrum: 0.12 ± 0.17, severity: 1.42 ± 0.49) were markedly different. MWU (p-value <0.00001) confirmed the ability of HVFQI to distinguish CVI from NT children for both indices. The FET reported a p-value of 0.202, which indicates that the data does not exhibit any relation between the HVFDs severity and VA. Analysis using dHSIC supports these findings (p-value 0.784). Based on these results, we urge that all children with suspected CVI need to be assessed for HVFDs in addition to VA measures. The HVFQI can potentially increase our understanding of the neural basis of visual perception, cognition, and visually guided action and lead us toward a conceptual model of CVI, translating to clinical practice improvements.
Demographic risk factors of pro-inflammatory diet: a narrative review
Authors: Pourmontaseri Hossein , Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh
Published: October 2024

While inflammation is a known beneficial mechanism, pro-inflammatory nutrients can lead to chronic inflammation. The energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) has revealed positive associations with chronic inflammatory diseases. However, more evidence about the demographic risk factors for high E-DII is needed. Therefore, the present study reviewed the high-risk groups of people for high E-DII scores. Men had higher E-DII than women worldwide, which could be explained by the craving for energy induced by stress and higher physical activity. However, in some societies, women had higher consumption of a pro-inflammatory diet, which could be induced by compulsive eating and craving for more sweets and carbohydrates during menstruation and also can be seen among women with premenopausal syndrome. The pro-inflammatory diets were more common among elders in southern America, East Asia, and Arab countries, while some other studies had contradictory results. The proliferation of unhealthy foods, such as fast food and Western dietary patterns enriched with a pro-inflammatory diet, increased youth’s E-DII and decreased the healthy eating index among older people. Also, smokers and alcoholics tended to consume a diet with a higher E-DII, which should be investigated in further studies. Black people consumed the most pro-inflammatory diets compared with White people, especially in pregnant women. Education had a negative association with E-DII, while socioeconomic status was positively associated with a pro-inflammatory diet. Therefore, E-DII consumption had no association with access to healthy foods but is more associated with knowledge and cultural dietary habits. Moreover, further nutritional interventions are required to educate the vulnerable populations and also provide better availability of healthy food enriched with anti-inflammatory nutrients in the future.
From plate to planet: culturally responsive culinary practices for health system innovation
Authors: Loy Michelle H.
Published: October 2024

The field of culinary medicine has gained significant attention for its potential to improve health outcomes through the integration of nutrition and medical practice. However, the cultural dimensions of this interdisciplinary field remain underexplored. Emphasizing the role of sociocultural practices, the paper highlights how culturally appreciative culinary practices can meet the sextuple aim of healthcare system innovation. By examining diverse cultural traditions and their contributions to culinary medicine, this review underscores the importance of culturally attuned approaches in promoting human health. The integration of cultural food wisdom into healthcare practices offers a pathway to more effective and personalized care, stronger patient–provider relationships, diversity/equity/inclusion/belonging, and sustainable food systems.
The effect of sesamol on endogenous substances and oxidative stability of walnut oil
Authors: Cheng Qin , Bao Yuanyuan , Lin Qi , Qi Tingmei , Zhang Xinyong
Published: October 2024

This study explored the effect of sesamol on the stability of walnut oil based on the changes of endogenous characteristics in the oxidation process, which provided a theoretical reference for the application of natural antioxidants in walnut oil. A total of 300 mg/kg sesamol (SP), compound antioxidant AC (sesamol 353.62 mg/kg, citric acid 149.60 mg/kg, and BHA 76.33 mg/kg) and 35% sesame oil (35%-SO) were added to walnut oil respectively; in addition, 200 mg/kg t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and citric acid were used as controls and blank walnut oil to study their effects on peroxide value, acid value, carbonyl compounds, conjugated olefins, phenols, flavonoids, sterols, vitamin E, β-carotene, and 51 fatty acids of walnut oil and their correlation between endogenous antioxidant components. The results showed that the addition of SP, 35%-SO, and AC could inhibit the increase of peroxide value, acid value, and carbonyl compounds in walnut oil, and could inhibit the decrease of β-carotene, total phenols, total sterols, and vitamin E. SP and 35%-SO could inhibit the decrease of total flavonoids, and several antioxidants could inhibit the decrease of endogenous antioxidant components in walnut oil. At the same time, it can better inhibit the change of unsaturated fatty acids in walnut oil. By the end of oxidation, the unsaturated fatty acids of blank walnut oil decreased by 10.31%, but AC, SP, and 35%-SO treatment groups increased by 10.90, 5.09 and 4.13%, respectively. Indicating that it had a certain protective effect on unsaturated fatty acids in walnut oil. There was a certain correlation between the endogenous substances of walnut oil. so the addition of several antioxidants can enhance the endogenous antioxidants of walnut oil, inhibit the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, and inhibit the increase of carbonyl compounds, codienes, acid value, and peroxide value. SP and AC have better antioxidant effects on walnut oil and improve the stability of walnut oil.
Effectiveness of high efficiency particulate (HEPA) air condition combined with the antifungal prophylaxis on incidence, morbidity and mortality of invasive fungal infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Preyer Linda , Vettorazzi Eik , Fiedler Walter , Rohde Holger , Stemler Jannik , Gönner Saskia , Bokemeyer Carsten , Khandanpour Cyrus , Wortmann Friederike , Kebenko Maxim
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Our monocentric and retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical effectivity of HEPA filters in combination with the antifungal drug prophylaxis in patients with AML undergoing intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT).

Methods/Results

We included 177 patients between 2005 and 2015 representing a total of 372 in-hospital stays, 179 in the HEPA cohort (+HEPA) and 193 in the cohort without HEPA filters (-HEPA). No significant additional benefit of HEPA filtration on the risk reduction of IFI was observed. HEPA filtration did not significantly affect the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions or early mortality rates. In patients who received allogeneic SCT in first complete remission with antifungal drug prophylaxis during prior induction treatment, a numerical but not significant improvement in long-term overall survival was noted in the +HEPA cohort compared to the -HEPA cohort (55% to 66%, p = 0.396). For better depicting of the clinical reality, we determined the so-called clinical suspected IFI (csIFI) -defined as cases with antifungal treatment after recommended prophylaxis without fulfilling current EORTC criteria. Especially in patients with a high risk for second IFI, significant risk reduction of csIFI and frequency of ICU admissions was observed when voriconazole was used as secondary antifungal prophylaxis. (csIFI, adjusted effect: OR 0.41, 95% CI (0.21 – 0.82), p = 0.01; csIFI, subgroup-specific effect: OR 0.35, 95% CI (0.15 – 0.78), p = 0.01; ICU, adjusted effect: OR 0.44, 95 CI (0.19 - 1.01), p = 0.05; respectively).

Discussion

In summary, the study suggests the efficacy of secondary antifungal prophylaxis in preventing IFI in AML patients undergoing intensive treatment. The addition of HEPA filtration also demonstrated additional numerous benefits in reducing the frequency of IFI-associated complications.
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: connections with terrestrial eye and brain disorders
Authors: Joe Brenna
Published: October 2024

Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) is a series of findings found in astronauts who have experienced long-duration spaceflight. It is characterized by neuro-ocular changes that may irreversibly alter vision and increase the risk for the development of terrestrial eye and brain disorders. Theories regarding its etiology and countermeasures to combat the findings seen continue to evolve. There is currently no direct treatment for SANS. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) modalities have been used to treat eye and brain disorders on Earth that are pathogenically similar to SANS, therefore, TCM may be able to target corresponding pathology in astronauts, prevent and mitigate SANS findings, and decrease the risk for future development of disorders. This paper intends to discuss pathological similarities between SANS and terrestrial eye and brain disorders and how TCM has been used to treat those disorders.
Comparative effectiveness of treatments for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Duo Hong , Yang Yanwei , Zhang Guqing , Chen Yingxin , Cao Yumeng , Luo Linjie , Pan Huaqin , Ye Qifa
Published: October 2024

Background

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infectious diarrhea. A major clinical challenge is recurrent CDI (rCDI) without effective standard drug-based therapy. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of various therapy effectiveness in rCDI patients is still under investigation.

Methods

A Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized control trials up to March 2024 was performed to investigate the efficacy of rCDI interventions.

Results

Seventeen trials were included, comprising 4,148 CDI patients with ten interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) by lower gastrointestinal (LGI), FMT by upper gastrointestinal (UGI), Autologous FMT (AFMT), vancomycin + FMT, vancomycin, placebo, fidaxomicin, Vowst (SER109), Rebyota (RBX2660), and monoclonal antibody. NMA showed that FMT by LGI had the highest efficacy in treating rCDIs with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 32.33 (4.03, 248.69) compared with placebo. FMT by UGI also showed high efficacy, whereas the efficacy comparison between FMT by LGI and UGI was not statistically significant (ORs) (95% CI), 1.72 (0.65, 5.21). The rankogram and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) also showed FMT by LGI ranked at the top and FMT by UGI ranked second in the curative effect.

Conclusion

NMA demonstrates FMT’s significant efficacy in rCDI management, regardless of administration route (lower or upper gastrointestinal). Despite its significant benefits, FMT’s safety is a concern due to the lack of standardized FDAcompliant manufacturing and oversight. Microbiota-based therapies also exhibit potential. However, limited research mandates further clinical exploration. Antibiotics, in contrast, display comparatively reduced efficacy in rCDI, potentially linked to disruptions in native gut microflora balance.

Systematic Review

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=368435, Identifier CRD42022368435.
The application prospects of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis linneo) in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wang Min , Xiang Yin-Hong , Liu Mei , Jiang Shan , Guo Jia-ying , Jin Xiao-yan , Sun Hui-feng , Zhang Ning , Wang Zhi-Gang , Liu Jian-xin
Published: October 2024

Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L) (SI) is a traditional natural medicine from tropical rainforests of Amazon region in South America. As a raw material for edible oil, it has various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemia, and blood pressure lowering, which have attracted increasing attentions of pharmacists. This has prompted researchers to explore its pharmacological effects for potential applications in certain diseases. Among these, the study of its anti-inflammatory effects has become a particularly interesting topic, especially in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a systemic autoimmune disease, and often accompanied by chronic inflammatory reactions. Despite significant progress in its treatment, there is still an urgent need to find effective anti-RA drugs in regard to safety. This review summarizes the potential therapeutic effects of SI on RA by modulating gut microbiota, targeting inflammatory cells and pathways, and mimicking biologic antibody drugs, predicting the application prospects of SI in RA, and providing references for research aimed at using SI to treat RA.
Neuropsychological parameters in male offenders with substance use disorders
Authors: Hoffmann Fabian , Völlm Birgit
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The impact of cognitive functions on treatment outcomes in forensic psychiatric patients with substance use disorders is not well understood. This study investigates whether neuropsychological deficits, such as in attention, executive functions, and social-emotional cognition, are associated with impulsivity and criminal history.

Methods

109 male patients with substance use disorders at the Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry in Rostock were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 30 consenting to participate. The tests included the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) to assess cognitive functions in the areas of attention, psychomotor speed, social and emotional perception, and executive functions, with a particular focus on decision making, planning and problem solving. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) was used to measure impulsiveness.

Results

Participants displayed significantly higher impulsivity levels on the BIS-11 compared to the general population and showed marked deficits in attention, psychomotor speed, and executive functions. There was a minimal correlation between impulsivity and cognitive performance, suggesting that impulsivity does not directly predict cognitive impairments. Notably, extensive criminal histories correlated with poorer cognitive performance, particularly in tasks requiring planning and problem-solving.

Discussion

We found mixed support for the hypothesized associations between neuropsychological functions and criminal histories among patients with substance use disorders. While tasks related to planning and sustained attention showed clearer links, broader cognitive functions displayed inconsistent correlations. These findings emphasize the complexity of the relationship between cognitive deficits, impulsivity, and criminal history, highlighting the necessity for tailored assessments and rehabilitation strategies to enhance outcomes. Future research should focus on larger, longitudinal studies to validate these findings and refine therapeutic approaches.
Protocol for an implementation study of group metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in NHS cardiac rehabilitation services in England (PATHWAY-Beacons)
Authors: Wells Adrian , Reeves David , Belcher Andrew , Wilson Paul , Doherty Patrick , Capobianco Lora
Published: October 2024

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) services aim to improve heart disease patients’ health and quality of life and reduce the risk of further cardiac events. Depression and anxiety are common among CR patients but psychological treatments have usually had small effects. In contrast, the recent NIHR-funded PATHWAY trial found that group Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) was associated with improvements in anxiety and depression when added to CR and was more effective than usual CR alone. The next stage is to test implementation of MCT within the National Health Service through the creation of a network of CR beacon sites. The study will test the quality of data capture following addition of a new MCT data-field to the national audit of cardiac rehabilitation (NACR), examine level of adoption at sites, examine mental health outcomes benchmarked against usual CR and the PATHWAY data, examine the enablers and barriers to implementation and the expected resource requirements. The study has been registered: NCT05956912 (13th July, 2023).

Methods

Beacon sites will be recruited as preliminary adopters of group MCT from NHS CR services in England. A national invitation for expressions of interest from CR services will be issued and those meeting eligibility criteria will be considered for inclusion. Two staff at each site will receive training in MCT, and mixed-methods will be used to address questions concerning the quality of patient data recorded, level of adoption at sites, the characteristics of patients attending MCT, the impact of adding MCT to CR on mental health outcomes, and patient, healthcare staff and commissioner views of barriers/enablers to implementation. Exploration of implementation will be informed by Normalisation Process Theory.

Discussion

The study will support development of an NHS roll-out strategy, assess the mental health outcomes associated with MCT, examine treatment fidelity in real-world settings, and evaluate revised data collection structures that can be used to assess the impact of national-level implementation.

Trial Registration

NCT05956912; 13th July 2023.