bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-pot coating of LiCoPO4/C by a UiO-66 metal–organic framework
Authors: Aboraia Abdelaziz M. , Shapovalov Viktor V. , Guda Alexnader A. , Butova Vera V. , Soldatov Alexander
Published: September 2020

LiCoPO4(LCP) is a promising high voltage cathode material but suffers from low conductivity and poor electrochemical properties.
Fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with excellent shape memory and ultraviolet-shielding behavior via the introduction of tea polyphenols
Authors: Xiong Xike , Sun Jun , Hu Di , Xiao Chao , Wang Jianjun , Zhuo Qiqi , Qin Chuanxiang , Dai Lixing
Published: September 2020

A PVA-based hydrogel composed of three-dimensional porous network with outstanding shape memory and excellent UV shielding properties was prepared via freezing–thawing process by introduction of non-toxic tea polyphenols and through hydrogen bond crosslinking.
Thermal properties and surface chemistry of cotton varieties mineralized with calcium carbonate polymorphs by cyclic dipping
Authors: Nam Sunghyun , Park Yaewon , Hillyer Matthew B. , Hron Rebecca J. , Ernst Nicholas , Chang SeChin , Condon Brian D. , Hinchliffe Doug J. , Ford Ericka , Gibb Bruce C.
Published: September 2020

Hydroentangled nonwovens of raw white cotton fiber, scoured white cotton fiber, and raw brown cotton fiber are effective hosts for mineralization of calcium carbonate polymorphs to modify and improve their thermal and surface properties.
Design, synthesis, and investigation of a visible light-driven photo-switching macromolecule
Authors: Pang Juan , Mao Xincheng , Xu Jialin , Zhao Xiang , Kong Jingyang , Hu Xiaohong
Published: September 2020

The application of azobenzene (AZO) as a kind of photo-switch is restricted by its excitation source, i.e., UV light.
Eclectic characterisation of chemically modified cell-derived matrices obtained by metabolic glycoengineering and re-assessment of commonly used methods
Authors: Keller Silke , Liedek Anke , Shendi Dalia , Bach Monika , Tovar Günter E. M. , Kluger Petra J. , Southan Alexander
Published: September 2020

Common characterisation methods for cell-derived extracellular matrices (ECMs) are compared using both unmodified and azide-bearing fibroblast-derived ECM.
Potential metabolism determinants and drug–drug interactions of a natural flavanone bavachinin
Authors: Li Xinqiang , Xing Han , Qin Zifei , Yang Jing , Wang Peile , Zhang Xiaojian , Yao Zhihong , Yao Xinsheng
Published: September 2020

Metabolism, efflux transport and drug–drug interactions of bavachinin.
Continuous synthesis of 2,5-hexanedione through direct C–C coupling of acetone in a Hilbert fractal photo microreactor
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Suqi , Peng Ci , Chen Yuhang , Tang Zhiyong , Wu Qing
Published: September 2020

A Hilbert fractal photo microreactor (PMR) was developed and used in the continuous photochemical synthesis of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HDN)viadirect C–C coupling of acetone.
Construction of a chiral artificial enzyme used for enantioselective catalysis in live cells
Authors: Zhou Ya , Wei Weili , Cui Fengchao , Yan Zhengqing , Sun Yuhuan , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: September 2020

A yolk–shell stereoselective nanozyme is designed with a chiral selector. Nanozyme with D-/L-tryptophan possesses high selectivity towards D-/L-tyrosinol and can catalyze chiral tyrosinol to selectively label live yeast cells.
Cost estimates of production scale semitransparent organic photovoltaic modules for building integrated photovoltaics
Authors: Lee Byungjun , Lahann Lucas , Li Yongxi , Forrest Stephen R.
Published: September 2020

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) are attached to commercial and residential structures to enable solar energy harvesting.
Surface charge density and fatty acids enhance the membrane permeation rate of CPP–cargo complexes
Authors: Via Matías A. , Wilke Natalia , Mayorga Luis S. , Del Pópolo Mario G.
Published: September 2020

The CPP-effect makes reference to the process by which the membrane translocation rate of a cargo is enhanced by chemical functionalization with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs).
The hierarchical bulk molecular structure of poly(acrylamide) hydrogels: beyond the fishing net
Authors: Gombert Yvonne , Roncoroni Fabrice , Sánchez-Ferrer Antoni , Spencer Nicholas D.
Published: September 2020

New insights into the hierarchical nano- and micro-structure of acrylamide gels.
Electronically delocalized Ir enables efficient and stable acidic water splitting
Authors: Hu Hao , Kazim Farhad M. D. , Ye Zihao , Xie Yuhua , Zhang Quan , Qu Konggang , Xu Jingxiang , Cai Weiwei , Xiao Shenglin , Yang Zehui
Published: September 2020

The incorporation of Au to Ir nanoparticles induced electronic delocalization of Ir atoms enables stable and efficient acidic water splitting.
Ultrathin and porous δ-FeOOH modified Ni3S2 3D heterostructure nanosheets with excellent alkaline overall water splitting performance
Authors: Ji Xuefeng , Cheng Chuanqi , Zang Zehao , Li Lanlan , Li Xiang , Cheng Yahui , Yang Xiaojing , Yu Xiaofei , Lu Zunming , Zhang Xinghua , Liu Hui
Published: September 2020

Clarifying the catalytic mechanism of an FeOOH/Ni3S2 heterogeneous catalyst for overall water splitting.
High performance in situ annealed partially pressurized pulsed laser deposited WO3 & V2O5 thin film electrodes for use as flexible all solid state supercapbatteries
Authors: Velmurugan Ramasamy , Alagammai Palaniappan , Ulaganathan Mani , Subramanian Balasubramanian
Published: September 2020

Flexible all solid-state hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) are considered to be significant energy storage devices and are used as major power sources in various real-time applications.
Detection of hypochlorous acid fluctuation via a selective fluorescent probe in acute lung injury cells and mouse models
Authors: He Na , Wang Yude , Huang Yan , Chen Lingxin , Wang Xiaoyan , Lv Changjun , Yue Shouwei
Published: September 2020

The selective fluorescent probe BCy-HOCl monitoring the HOCl in acute lung injury cell and mouse models.
Human metabolite-derived alkylsuccinate/dilinoleate copolymers: from synthesis to application
Authors: Jäger Alessandro , Donato Ricardo K. , Perchacz Magdalena , Donato Katarzyna Z. , Starý Zdeněk , Konefał Rafał , Serkis-Rodzeń Magdalena , Raucci Maria G. , Fuentefria Alexandre M. , Jäger Eliézer
Published: September 2020

In a set of experiments, we demonstrated that the combination of alkyl succinates and dilinoleic acid-based monomers produces biocompatible polyesters outperforming, biologically and mechanically, polymers used for bioapplications such as PVC, PLGA and PCL.
Water-responsive actuators based on the solution casted PVA/epoxidized-SBS two-way shape memory bilayer composite film
Authors: Ren Sijia , Feng Jiachun
Published: September 2020

Water-responsive actuators based on the PVA/epoxidized-SBS bilayer composite film were prepared by a simple two-step solution casting method.
Towards highly conducting bicarbazole redox polymer films with plateau-like conductivities
Authors: Malacrida Claudia , Lu Yushi , Dirnberger Klaus , Gámez-Valenzuela Sergio , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Ludwigs Sabine
Published: September 2020

Chemical doping of bicarbazole redox polymer films leads to plateau-conductivities up to 2 × 10−2 S cm−1. The stability due to crosslinking and the transparency make them e.g. suitable as hole-transport layers in organic opto-electronic devices.
Synthesis and photoswitchable amphiphilicity and self-assembly properties of photochromic spiropyran derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Ng Maggie , Hong Eugene Yau-Hin , Chan Alan Kwun-Wa , Wu Nathan Man-Wai , Chan Michael Ho-Yeung , Wu Lixin , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: September 2020

H-Aggregate formation of photochromic spiropyran derivatives via photoswitchable amphiphilicity.
Truxene-bridged Bodipy fullerene tetrads without precious metals: study of the energy transfer and application in triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion
Authors: Che Yuanyuan , Yuan Xuemei , Sun Lei , Xu Haijun , Zhao Xiaoyu , Cai Fangjian , Liu Lang , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: September 2020

Truxene-bridged fullerene, Zn–porphyrin and Bodipy tetrad was prepared which have wider absorption band, and used as triplet PS for two-color excitable triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion, with an large anti-Stokes shift of 4074 cm−1.
Reducing lifetime in Cu(i) complexes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence promoted by chalcogenolate–diimine ligands
Authors: Farias Giliandro , Salla Cristian A. M. , S. Heying Renata , Bortoluzzi Adailton J. , Curcio Sergio F. , Cazati Thiago , dos Santos Paloma L. , Monkman Andrew P. , Souza Bernardo de , Bechtold Ivan H.
Published: September 2020

Cu(i) complexes without the expected heavy atom effect to enhance the spin–orbit coupling matrix elements, but with reduced photoluminescence lifetime.
New blue phosphorescent heteroleptic Ir(iii) complexes with imidazole- and N-methylimidazole carboxylates as ancillary ligands
Authors: Park Hea Jung , Chae Eun Ah , Seo Hye Won , Jang Jae-Ho , Chung Won Jae , Lee Jun Yeob , Hwang Do-Hoon , Yoon Ung Chan
Published: September 2020

The organic light-emitting diodes fabricated using Ir3 and Ir4 as dopant materials in the emissive layers were found to emit blue emission with peaks at 469 and 471 nm and maximum external quantum efficiencies of 20.0 and 22.4%, respectively.
TM2B6: a newly designed ferromagnetic 2D metal-boride with a high Curie temperature
Authors: Yao Xiaojing , Zhang Xiuyun
Published: September 2020

A new type of 2D metal-boride structure, TM2B6 (TM = Ti–Ni). Among them, Fe2B6 and Co2B6 are robust FM metals with a high TC and large MAE, which have potential applications in electronic devices.
Selectivity of Mn2+ ion occupancy and energy transfer of Ce3+ → Mn2+ ions in garnet solid solution
Authors: Cai Mingsheng , Fang Shuangqiang , Han Tao , Valiev Damir T. , Lang Tianchun , Zhong Yang , Wang Cailun , Yakovlev Alexey N. , Polisadova Elena F.
Published: September 2020

As a luminous center, Mn2+ has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, and low cost, and has been widely used to improve the color rendering index of garnet structured phosphors.
Two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor VBr3 with tunable anisotropy
Authors: Liu Lu , Yang Ke , Wang Guangyu , Wu Hua
Published: September 2020

VBr3 monolayer: an appealing 2D semiconductor with a strong strain tunability of its ferromagnetic order and anisotropy.
Tunable ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism via ferroelastic switching in an FeOOH monolayer
Authors: Feng Xukun , Ma Xikui , Sun Lei , Liu Jian , Zhao Mingwen
Published: September 2020

We predict theoretically that the ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism in FeOOH monolayer are tunable via ferroelastic switching.
Smc5/6, an atypical SMC complex with two RING-type subunits
Authors: Solé-Soler Roger , Torres-Rosell Jordi
Published: September 2020

The Smc5/6 complex plays essential roles in chromosome segregation and repair, by promoting disjunction of sister chromatids. The core of the complex is constituted by an heterodimer of Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to dynamically associate with and organize chromosomes. In addition, the Smc5/6 complex contains six non-SMC subunits. Remarkably, and differently to other SMC complexes, the Nse1 and Nse2 subunits contain RING-type domains typically found in E3 ligases, pointing to the capacity to regulate other proteins and complexes through ubiquitin-like modifiers. Nse2 codes for a C-terminal SP-RING domain with SUMO ligase activity, assisting Smc5/6 functions in chromosome segregation through sumoylation of several chromosome-associated proteins. Nse1 codes for a C-terminal NH-RING domain and, although it has been proposed to have ubiquitin ligase activity, no Smc5/6-dependent ubiquitylation target has been described to date. Here, we review the function of the two RING domains of the Smc5/6 complex in the broader context of SMC complexes as global chromosome organizers of the genome.
Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Croft Robyn L. , Byrd Courtney T.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter.

Method

Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter.

Results

Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life.

Conclusions

Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.
School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceived Self-Efficacy in Conducting Multidimensional Treatment With Children Who Stutter
Authors: Beita-Ell Carolina , Boyle Michael P.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purposes of this study were to examine the self-efficacy of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in conducting multidimensional treatment with children who stutter (CWS) and to identify correlates of self-efficacy in treating speech-related, social, emotional, and cognitive domains of stuttering.

Method

Three hundred twenty randomly selected school-based SLPs across the United States responded to an online survey that contained self-efficacy scales related to speech, social, emotional, and cognitive components of stuttering. These ratings were analyzed in relation to participants' beliefs about stuttering treatment and their comfort level in treating CWS, perceived success in therapy, and empathy levels, in addition to their academic and clinical training in fluency disorders as well as demographic information.

Results

Overall, SLPs reported moderate levels of self-efficacy on each self-efficacy scale and on a measure of total self-efficacy. Significant positive associations were observed between SLPs' self-efficacy perceptions and their comfort level in treating CWS, self-reported success in treatment, beliefs about the importance of multidimensional treatment, and self-reported empathy. There were some discrepancies between what SLPs believed was important to address in stuttering therapy and how they measured success in therapy.

Conclusions

Among school-based SLPs, self-efficacy for treating school-age CWS with a multidimensional approach appears stronger than previously reported; however, more progress in training and experience is needed for SLPs to feel highly self-efficacious in these areas. Continuing to improve clinician self-efficacy for stuttering treatment through improved academic training and increased clinical experiences should remain a high priority in order to enhance outcomes for CWS.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12978194
Backstepping sliding mode control of induction motor based on disturbance observer
Authors: Chen Chuanguang , Yu Haisheng
Published: September 2020

In this study, combining backstepping sliding mode (BSM) and disturbance observer‐based control (DOBC), a state feedback controller is designed to regulate the speed of induction motor (IM). First, a feedforward compensation method is proposed based on the rotor flux observer and BSM control to counteract the mismatched lumped disturbances. Then, a disturbance observer is established to estimate the overall effect of possible modelling inaccuracy, load disturbance and motor parameters variation in the IM model. Compared with the conventional vector controller, the proposed controller solves the problems of modelling imprecise, unknown load injection and parameter variation, and realises the speed tracking of IM with good performance. Finally, experiments are presented to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed control strategy.
Coordinated optimisation of PEV charging with the support of reactive discharging and phase switching in unbalanced active distribution networks
Authors: Fu Yang , Meng Xianghao , Su Xiangjing , Jabalameli Nasim , Dong Zhaoyang
Published: September 2020

Plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) are being widely deployed, especially in the residential premises. Random PEV charging causes negative impacts on the power grid, a coordinated PEV charging is essential. Currently, PEV charging studies mainly focus on the active power control of PEVs while there is a risk of worse operation, due to the transferring of charging load instead of eliminating. Besides, existing PEV charging studies are commonly based on a three‐phase balanced network model, but practical distribution networks, especially on the low‐voltage level, are unbalanced. This study proposes a novel coordination strategy of PEV charging in unbalanced distribution networks, with the support of reactive discharging and phase switching. The optimisation model of PEV charging is firstly proposed to minimise the network loss and charging cost while maximising users’ benefit from ancillary reactive service. The optimal power flow problem defined above is solved by a combined solver of discrete particle swarm optimisation and direct load flow. Then, a coordination strategy of PEV charging, reactive discharging and phase switching is presented to apply the proposed optimisation over 24 h. Finally, detailed simulations are conducted on a real Australian distribution network, to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimisation and coordination strategy of PEV charging in unbalanced distribution networks.
Low‐cost data‐driven modelling of microwave components using domain confinement and PCA‐based dimensionality reduction
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko‐Dabrowska Anna
Published: September 2020

Fast data‐driven surrogate models can be employed as replacements of computationally demanding full‐wave electromagnetic simulations to facilitate the microwave design procedures. Unfortunately, practical application of surrogate modelling is often hindered by the curse of dimensionality and/or considerable nonlinearity of the component characteristics. This paper proposes a simple yet reliable approach to cost‐efficient modelling of miniaturized microwave components which adopts two fundamental mechanisms to improve the computational efficiency of setting up the surrogate. Firstly, the model domain is confined‐using a set of pre‐optimized reference designs‐to the region of the parameter space containing high‐quality designs with respect to the relevant performance figures. Secondly, the domain is spanned by the selected principal components of the reference set for dimensionality reduction. Consequently, the surrogate model, covering wide ranges of the device parameters and operating conditions, can be established using a fraction of training data samples required by conventional approaches, without compromising its predictive power. The proposed technique is illustrated using two miniaturized microstrip components: a rat‐race coupler (RRC) and an impedance matching transformer. The following accuracies of the PCA‐based surrogates have been obtained: 0.9% for RRC and 2.1% for the transformer (for 800 training data samples).
Transmission of a broadband FSK signal from a dynamically tuned narrowband antenna
Authors: Srivastava Shruti , Adams Jacob J.
Published: September 2020

A frequency reconfigurable patch antenna is dynamically tuned to transmit frequency‐shift keying (FSK) signals over a range of frequencies much broader than the static impedance bandwidth of the antenna. Experiments are conducted for two binary FSK schemes having different carrier spacing. In both cases, dynamic tuning of the antenna is shown to increase the amplitude of the radiated signal by providing a better match than the static antenna. However, the average energy of the radiated bit at each carrier frequency decreases as the symbol rate increases beyond the 3 dB bandwidth of the antenna. Therefore, the bandwidth of the antenna is found to be a limiting factor for the maximum achievable data rate in this scheme. As an alternative to shorter bit durations, the authors show that a higher level FSK scheme using dynamic tuning is able to increase throughput beyond what is possible with a static antenna.
Optical Improved Quadrature Spatial Modulation for Cooperative Underwater Wireless Communication under Weak Oceanic Turbulence Conditions
Authors: Bhowal Anirban , Kshetrimayum Rakhesh Singh
Published: September 2020

Amplify‐and‐forward cooperative underwater optical wireless communication employing optical improved quadrature spatial modulation (OIQSM) is proposed in this study. It uses multiple signal constellations, thereby improving the system performance. It uses multiple lasers but it activates only a few of them depending on the message bits and can transmit double modulated symbols in a single symbol interval. The OIQSM system performance is compared in terms of bit error rate (BER) with other existing schemes in the literature. The analysis is conducted for weak oceanic turbulence conditions, which is generally prevalent in deep oceans. The cost and power consumption analysis of OIQSM is performed to highlight its benefits over other schemes. It is observed that OIQSM yields a signal‐to‐noise ratio gain of at least 5.5 dB over the conventional optical spatial modulation scheme for any BER value between and .
Efficient solar‐powered water pump with single‐input dual‐output DC–DC converter employing four‐phase SRM drive
Authors: Kumar Mishra Anjanee , Singh Bhim
Published: September 2020

The present work deals with the design of an efficient and inexpensive autonomous photovoltaic array‐based water pumping system utilising a new configuration of a single‐input balanced dual supply buck–boost DC–DC converter. A four‐phase switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive is selected to pump the water effectively and to make the system reliable. The utilised DC–DC converter can provide two balanced outputs using a single solar power source. It offers continuous output supply with minimum ripple to the SRM pump. The new control logic is also discussed in this work to provide equal voltages for two capacitors of the split converter in both starting and steady‐state conditions. An improved perturb and observer‐based maximum power point tracking control is also utilised to enhance the solar output power at varying irradiance. Moreover, owing to the pulse‐width modulation switching of a split converter, a reduction is achieved in the size of split DC‐link capacitors. The MATLAB/Simulink‐based simulation is done to validate the real‐time implementation of a developed system. These obtained responses are again validated through test results obtained via the developed prototype.
Multi‐objective control scheme for operation of parallel inverter‐based microgrids during asymmetrical grid faults
Authors: Çelik Doğan , Meral Mehmet Emin
Published: September 2020

The growing interest in connecting more distributed generation (DG) units to the utility grid, microgrids deal with the various challenges to satisfy a sufficient level of ancillary services such as active power oscillations (APOs), reactive power oscillations (RPOs), fault ride‐through (FRT) capability, and overcurrent problem. Hence, for parallel operated grid‐connected inverters (GCIs) based MG, this study presents a multi‐objective control scheme that simultaneously ensures elimination of the collective APOs/RPOs at point of common coupling (PCC), overcurrent protection and reactive power injection. One of the significant parts of this study compared with similar existing studies is that provides reactive power support capability to fulfil the FRT requirements of the grid‐connected multi‐DG units and to remain grid‐connected during asymmetrical grid faults. A current restraining control is also presented to ensure the safe operation of the MG system and to avoid overcurrent. The cancellation of the collective APOs and RPOs at the PCC for parallel operation of the GCIs has been achieved by using adjustable control coefficients and demonstrated with theoretical analyses in detail. Extensive case studies are presented and discussed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed ideas and to meet the shortcomings of the previous studies.
Tracing the total molecular gas in galaxies: [CII] and the CO-dark gas
Authors: Madden S. C. , Cormier D. , Hony S. , Lebouteiller V. , Abel N. , Galametz M. , De Looze I. , Chevance M. , Polles F. L. , Lee M.-Y. , Galliano F. , Lambert-Huyghe A. , Hu D. , Ramambason L.
Published: September 2020

Context.Molecular gas is a necessary fuel for star formation. The CO (1−0) transition is often used to deduce the total molecular hydrogen but is challenging to detect in low-metallicity galaxies in spite of the star formation taking place. In contrast, the [C II]λ158 μm is relatively bright, highlighting a potentially important reservoir of H2that is not traced by CO (1−0) but is residing in the C+-emitting regions.

Aims.Here we aim to explore a method to quantify the total H2mass (MH2) in galaxies and to decipher what parameters control the CO-dark reservoir.

Methods.We present Cloudy grids of density, radiation field, and metallicity in terms of observed quantities, such as [O I], [C I], CO (1−0), [C II],LTIR, and the totalMH2. We provide recipes based on these models to derive totalMH2mass estimates from observations. We apply the models to theHerschelDwarf Galaxy Survey, extracting the totalMH2for each galaxy, and compare this to the H2determined from the observed CO (1−0) line. This allows us to quantify the reservoir of H2that is CO-dark and traced by the [C II]λ158 μm.

Results.We demonstrate that while the H2traced by CO (1−0) can be negligible, the [C II]λ158 μm can trace the total H2. We find 70 to 100% of the total H2mass is not traced by CO (1−0) in the dwarf galaxies, but is well-traced by [C II]λ158 μm. The CO-dark gas mass fraction correlates with the observedL[C II]/LCO(1−0)ratio. A conversion factor for [C II]λ158 μm to total H2and a new CO-to-total-MH2conversion factor as a function of metallicity are presented.

Conclusions.While low-metallicity galaxies may have a feeble molecular reservoir as surmised from CO observations, the presence of an important reservoir of molecular gas that is not detected by CO can exist. We suggest a general recipe to quantify the total mass of H2in galaxies, taking into account the CO and [C II] observations. Accounting for this CO-dark H2gas, we find that the star-forming dwarf galaxies now fall on the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation. Their star-forming efficiency is rather normal because the reservoir from which they form stars is now more massive when introducing the [C II] measures of the total H2compared to the small amount of H2in the CO-emitting region.
Discovery of a hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet and a second temperate, non-transiting planet around the M4 dwarf GJ 3473 (TOI-488)
Authors: Kemmer J. , Stock S. , Kossakowski D. , Kaminski A. , Molaverdikhani K. , Schlecker M. , Caballero J. A. , Amado P. J. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Bonfils X. , Ciardi D. , Collins K. A. , Espinoza N. , Fukui A. , Hirano T. , Jenkins J. M. , Latham D. W. , Matthews E. C. , Narita N. , Pallé E. , Parviainen H. , Quirrenbach A. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Ricker G. , Schlieder J. E. , Seager S. , Vanderspek R. , Winn J. N. , Almenara J. M. , Béjar V. J. S. , Bluhm P. , Bouchy F. , Boyd P. , Christiansen J. L. , Cifuentes C. , Cloutier R. , Collins K. I. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Crossfield I. J M. , Crouzet N. , de Leon J. P. , Della-Rose D. D. , Delfosse X. , Dreizler S. , Esparza-Borges E. , Essack Z. , Forveille Th. , Figueira P. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Gan T. , Glidden A. , Gonzales E. J. , Guerra P. , Harakawa H. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Herrero E. , Hodapp K. , Hori Y. , Howell S. B. , Ikoma M. , Isogai K. , Jeffers S. V. , Kürster M. , Kawauchi K. , Kimura T. , Klagyivik P. , Kotani T. , Kurokawa T. , Kusakabe N. , Kuzuhara M. , Lafarga M. , Livingston J. H. , Luque R. , Matson R. , Morales J. C. , Mori M. , Muirhead P. S. , Murgas F. , Nishikawa J. , Nishiumi T. , Omiya M. , Reffert S. , Rodríguez López C. , Santos N. C. , Schöfer P. , Schwarz R. P. , Shiao B. , Tamura M. , Terada Y. , Twicken J. D. , Ueda A. , Vievard S. , Watanabe N. , Zechmeister M.
Published: September 2020

We present the confirmation and characterisation of GJ 3473 b (G 50–16, TOI-488.01), a hot Earth-sized planet orbiting an M4 dwarf star, whose transiting signal (P = 1.1980035 ± 0.0000018 d) was first detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Through a joint modelling of follow-up radial velocity observations with CARMENES, IRD, and HARPS together with extensive ground-based photometric follow-up observations with LCOGT, MuSCAT, and MuSCAT2, we determined a precise planetary mass, Mb = 1.86 ± 0.30 M⊕, and radius, Rb = 1.264 ± 0.050 R⊕. Additionally, we report the discovery of a second, temperate, non-transiting planet in the system, GJ 3473 c, which has a minimum mass, Mc sin i = 7.41 ± 0.91 M⊕, and orbital period, Pc = 15.509 ± 0.033 d. The inner planet of the system, GJ 3473 b, is one of the hottest transiting Earth-sized planets known thus far, accompanied by a dynamical mass measurement, which makes it a particularly attractive target for thermal emission spectroscopy.
Potential Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Applications in a Small Industrial Laundry: A Practical Study of Energy Audit
Authors: Yandri Erkata , Ariati Ratna , Saepul Uyun Aep , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Susanto Herry , Abdullah Kamaruddin , Krido Wahono Satriyo , Adhi Nugroho Yogo , Yaro Abubakar , Burlakovs Juris
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential for energy savings because the laundry industry consumes a lot of energy and water. If the laundry industries are not controlled, it will cause serious environmental and energy problems. The audit activity was divided into three stages. Pre-audit stage, the auditors were divided into groups with clear details of tasks and responsibilities, starting with conducting energy audits on the floor, analyzing statistical data, and process flow. Site audit stage; conduct an audit on the floor from the beginning to the end of the process, then collecting and confirming the statistical data for energy and production. Post-audit stage, complete the audit report that will be submitted or presented to the laundry management, which consists of; audit findings with loss or savings analysis, accompanied by recommendations for further improvement. The results show that there are many savings opportunities, especially by overcoming the energy wasted in the production process. Improvements can be made by overcoming energy waste and controlling energy consumption and production more efficiently, implementing renewable energy technology such as solar dryer and hybrid photovoltaic and thermal (PVT) collector, and then considering industrial revolution 4.0 with IoT and ICT.
Review of Implementation Life Cycle Assessment for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensisJacq.) in Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Kiman , Sholiati Sholihati , Sofiah Intan , Miharza Try , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Anne Olga , Wahyudi Ahmad , Gamawati Adinurani Praptiningsih , Mel Maizirwan
Published: September 2020

Palm oil has benefits for economic and social development in Indonesia. However, palm oil is faced by several environmental problems most of them due to the land conversion from forest to the palm plantation. Therefore, numerous greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental effects also emitted during palm oil and biodiesel production. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method can be used for the evaluation of the palm oil production process impact on the environment as well as for potentially reducing the hotspot. A literature study was used in the identification of the implementation of LCA for biodiesel from palm oil in Indonesia. Study cradle to grave LCA for biodiesel production in Indonesia was still limited. Gate to gate and cradle to gate system boundary was the major boundary system used in the identification of the environmental effect for biodiesel production in Indonesia. However, numerous study has applied that boundary system and various scenario has been proposed in reducing the environmental effect for biodiesel production. Limitation of the LCA boundary for palm oil production is needed to be enhanced as well. Robust life cycle inventory in a wider range (i.e., cradle to grave) will be needed in order to present this industry in a global forum.
Multi-optimization of process parameters for machining of a non-conductive SiC ceramic composite by non-conventional machining method
Authors: Chaudhury Pallavi , Samantaray Sikata
Published: September 2020

The objective of the study is to predict the optimized set of the input parameters for the machining of non-conductive silicon carbide (SiC) by electric discharge machining (EDM). The insulated SiC ceramic composite machining was performed with 4 volumes (by percentage) of carbon nano (CNT) the SiC, which makes it electrically conductive. SiC has very good mechanical properties due to its widespread application in the aerospace, MEMS, and bio-sensor industries. This application requires a highly precise machining hole with a good surface quality that can be processed by machining processes such as EDM. The input parameters in this study are differing by three levels and the experimentation has been done by L27 orthogonal array. Four output parameters such as material removal rate (MRR), plasma flushing efficiency (PFE), surface-roughness (SR) and recast layer thickness (Rlt) for has been calculated for the detailed experimental analyses. In this research, a comparative analysis between the Multi-attribute management mechanisms (MADM) i.e. WPCA, MOORA & MOORA, and WPCA was conducted. The statistical analysis was also conducted to determine the impact of input parameters on performance measures. The study concluded that by integrating MOORA 's method with a PCA, the highest MRRs of 2.56 mm3/min & 78% PFE, lowest SR 2.1 µm, and Rlt 2.56 µm were obtained, with an experimental testing error of 5 percent.
Microstructural aspects of the protective ceramic coatings applied on the surfaces of refractory alloys produced by additive manufacturing
Authors: Sobetkii Arcadii , Mosinoiu Laurentiu , Paraschiv Alexandru , Corban Mircea , Piticescu Radu R. , Matache Gheorghe
Published: September 2020

The possibility of depositing multi layers made of metals/alloys and high temperature ceramics by electron beam physical evaporation process under high vacuum (EB-PVD) on the surface of a parallelepiped sample made by selective laser melting (SLM) from a Ni base refractory super alloy was experimentally tested. The SEM-EDAX micro structural analysis revealed the morphology and thickness of the coatings consisting of a NiCrAlY base alloy as bonding layer and three successive YSZ, LZO and GZO ceramic layers on the Ni-based super alloy substrate obtained by additive manufacturing. The adhesion of the layer deposited was evaluated by the scratch test method. The analysis highlighted the importance of pre-preparing the surface of the additive manufactured substrates, in order to control the adhesion and uniformity of the deposited layers.
Joint pricing deteriorating inventory model considering product life cycle and advance payment with a discount facility
Authors: Mashud Abu Hashan Md , Roy Dipa , Daryanto Yosef , Wee Hui-Ming
Published: September 2020

The product life cycle of a deteriorating product is an important consideration in inventory management. This paper simultaneously investigates the optimum pricing and inventory decisions considering product life cycles under price-dependent demand and advance payment systems with a discount facility. A time-dependent holding cost is also introduced. The objective is to carefully balance the critical decision variables in order to maximize the total profit. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis validates the concavity of the profit function. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis are provided to show the characteristics of the model. The study shows that an advanced payment period, installment numbers, product’s maximum life cycle, purchasing cost and demand function significantly influence the total profit. This inventory model with a known product lifetime and advance payments can provide management insights to inventory manager in his/her strategic planning.
Molecular dynamics simulations of ethanol permeation through single and double-lipid bilayers
Authors: Ghorbani Mahdi , Wang Eric , Krämer Andreas , Klauda Jeffery B.
Published: September 2020

Permeation of small molecules through membranes is a fundamental biological process, and molecular dynamics simulations have proven to be a promising tool for studying the permeability of membranes by providing a precise characterization of the free energy and diffusivity. In this study, permeation of ethanol through three different membranes of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylserine (POPS), PO-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), and PO-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) is studied. Permeabilities are calculated and compared with two different approaches based on Fick’s first law and the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion model. Microsecond simulation of double bilayers of these membranes provided a direct measurement of permeability by a flux-based counting method. These simulations show that a membrane of POPC has the highest permeability, followed by POPE and POPS. Due to the membrane-modulating properties of ethanol, the permeability increases as functions of concentration and saturation of the inner leaflet in a double bilayer setting, as opposed to the customary definition as a proportionality constant. This concentration dependence is confirmed by single bilayer simulations at different ethanol concentrations ranging from 1% to 18%, where permeability estimates are available from transition-based counting and the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion model. We show that the free energy and diffusion profiles for ethanol lack accuracy at higher permeant concentrations due to non-Markovian kinetics caused by collective behavior. In contrast, the counting method provides unbiased estimates. Finally, the permeabilities obtained from single bilayer simulations are combined to represent natural gradients felt by a cellular membrane, which accurately models the non-equilibrium effects on ethanol permeability from single bilayer simulations in equilibrium.
Traveling waves in nonlinear media with dispersion, dissipation, and reaction
Authors: Koçak Hüseyin
Published: September 2020

The traveling wave solutions of the newly proposed KdV–Burgers–Fisher equation, which is a dispersion–dissipation–reaction model, are investigated with the appropriate parameters. Moreover, in this paper, the new solitary wave solutions of an extended fifth-order model equation are revealed. Using one of the efficient symbolic computations, we obtain the cooperative interactions, such as soliton, anti-soliton, kink, and anti-kink wave solutions, and illustrate the long-time behavior. We believe that the proposed equations with their wave solutions can accelerate the further studies for physical and engineering models combining the different entities, such as dispersion, diffusion, convection, reaction, and nonlinearity.
Laser-driven detonation wave in hafnium oxide film: Defect controlled laser damage and ablation
Authors: Xu Yejia , Dunlap David H. , Emmert Luke A. , Rudolph Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

An ion-beam sputtered film of hafnium oxide was irradiated with an intense nanosecond laser pulse above the ablation threshold. The transmitted laser power was measured as a function of time, with a resolution of a few hundred picoseconds. The spatial origin of the defect-triggered ablation was monitored for each event. A phenomenological model of a rapidly expanding, absorbing disk can explain the observed time dependent transmission and structure sizes of the affected material. The required expansion speeds, ranging from 1 to 100 km/s, and their observed dependence on the local laser intensity, are compatible with a laser-driven detonation wave as described by the Chapman–Jouget (CJ) theory. Because the energy deposited by the laser pulse is too low to explain detonation in a material with the density of hafnium oxide, we hypothesize that the detonation wave propagates in the electron–hole subspace. We modified the CJ theory to describe laser-driven detonation in an electron–hole plasma and to account for plasma expansion sideways to the laser beam.
Controlling oxygen distribution of an MgAl2O4 barrier for magnetic tunnel junctions by two-step process
Authors: Ichikawa Shinto , Cheng P.-H. , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Hono Kazuhiro , Mitani Seiji , Nakada Katsuyuki
Published: September 2020

An MgAl2O4 barrier with an ordered spinel structure for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) was prepared via a two-step process by repeating Mg–Al alloy deposition and post-oxidation to tune its oxidation state. The obtained Fe/MgAl2O4/Fe(001) epitaxial MTJs showed a large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio (>150%) in a wide resistance × area (RA) range; this behavior was in contrast with that of MTJs prepared through a conventional one-step process, which exhibited a large TMR ratio only in a narrow RA range. The bias voltage at which the TMR is halved from the zero-bias value increased up to 1.20 and 1.47 V for the positive and negative bias polarities, respectively, when optimizing the two-step process. The nanostructure analysis revealed an improved oxygen distribution on the atomic scale in the MgAl2O4 barrier with the two-step process, providing a coherent barrier suitable for various practical applications.
Lower hybrid wave assisted laser third harmonic generation in magneto plasma
Authors: Tyagi Yachna , Tripathi Deepak
Published: September 2020

Electrostatic modes present in laser produced plasma are capable of generating strong harmonic radiation. Electrostatic waves provide phase matching and contribute to non-linear coupling. In this paper, lower hybrid waves assist in k-matching to produce the third harmonic of the laser. As the frequency of the lower hybrid wave is very small, the harmonic produced is close to exact. At normalized parameters (amplitude, density, and plasma length), the normalized amplitude of the third harmonic is quite high at a particular value of ω0/ωp and ωc/ωp. This occurs in the proximity of upper hybrid resonance as the process becomes resonant for this value. The magnitude of the normalized amplitude increases as ω02 is close to ωUH2.
Anomalous thermoacoustic effect in topological insulator for sound applications
Authors: Tian He , Wang Xue-Feng , Qiao Yan-Cong , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling
Published: September 2020

Topological insulators possess unique surface states, which can be very useful for low power electronics. Most research on topological insulators focuses on their fundamental physical properties, and until now, there has been little work on their practical applications. Here, we extend the application of topological insulators to the field of acoustics. We show that topological insulators can be used for sound source applications using a large area of Bi2Se3. The sound pressure level (SPL) can reach up to 30 dB with an 85 mW input at a measured 1 cm distance at room temperature. More interestingly, an anomalous valley with a sound pressure level (SPL) drop of ∼9 dB occurs at 21.5 kHz in a Bi2Se3 topological insulator, which is not observed in monolayer graphene. This anomalous phenomenon is related to the unique surface and bulk states of Bi2Se3. A theoretical equivalent circuit model is built for a topological insulator and compared with that of graphene. Based on the equivalent circuit model combined with thermoacoustic sound-generation theory, such an anomalous thermoacoustic effect with an SPL valley at around 21.5 kHz can be simulated. Our work shows that topological insulators have potential as powerful sound sources, such as earphones and loudspeakers, and that the unique surface states are highly conducive to frequency-selected sound emission.
On general-relativistic hydrogen and hydrogenic ions
Authors: Kiessling Michael K.-H. , Tahvildar-Zadeh A. Shadi , Toprak Ebru
Published: September 2020

This paper studies how the static non-linear electromagnetic-vacuum spacetime of a point nucleus with a negative bare mass affects the self-adjointness of the general-relativistic Dirac Hamiltonian for a test electron, without and with an anomalous magnetic moment. This study interpolates between the previously studied extreme cases of a test electron in (a) the Reissner–Weyl–Nordström spacetime (Maxwell’s electromagnetic vacuum), which sports a very strong curvature singularity with negative infinite bare mass, and (b) the Hoffmann spacetime (Born or Born–Infeld’s electromagnetic vacuum) with vanishing bare mass, which features the mildest possible curvature singularity. The main conclusion reached is: on electrostatic spacetimes of a point nucleus with a strictly negative bare mass (which may be −∞), essential self-adjointness fails unless the radial electric field diverges sufficiently fast at the nucleus and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron is taken into account. Thus, on the Hoffmann spacetime with a (strictly) negative bare mass, the Dirac Hamiltonian of a test electron, with or without anomalous magnetic moment, is not essentially self-adjoint. All these operators have self-adjoint extensions, though, with the usual essential spectrum (−∞, −mec2] ∪ [mec2, ∞) and an infinite discrete spectrum located in the gap (−mec2, mec2).
Charge state distribution and energy loss for 100 keV protons moving in discharge H plasmas
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ning , Liu Chun-Lei , Cheng Rui , Zhao Yong-Tao , He Bin
Published: September 2020

Ab initio theoretical simulations are performed for charge state distribution and energy loss of a 100 keV proton beam propagating in partially ionized discharge H plasmas. In the simulation, all transition processes are calculated accurately among eight main projectile electronic configurations including the most relevant excited states. Projectile configuration evolution is computed by solving rate equations, and the effective charge state Zeff is obtained during all discharge stages. A new way is suggested to get the projectile energy loss with the contributions of all configurations considered separately. Such obtained energy losses are in the best agreement with experimental measurements among all the related models. However, both traditional empirical models with estimated Zeff and the standard stopping model are found invalid in this case, and relevant reasons are explored. Projectile capture and ionization processes in plasmas are found to be especially important in the stopping process. We predict that projectile excited states would make a much larger difference in energy deposition when a higher atomic number projectile is chosen, which has not been deeply recognized in plasmas yet.