bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monoaromatic Hydrocarbon Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil Using HBB5 Biosurfactant Produced by Pseudomonas xiamenensis
Authors: Nkwocha I. L. , Odokuma L. O.
Published: July 2021

Biodegradation of benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) is a slow and complex process. However, many microbial organisms have been shown to possess the capacity to biodegrade various components of a hydrocarbon. This study was aimed at investigating the role of biosurfactant on soil polluted with these monoaromatics. Samples were collected and analyzed using standard techniques. The biodegradation set up was carried out using five earthen pots; each containing unpolluted soil, polluted soil alone, polluted soil + poultry wastes, polluted soil + HBB5 biosurfactant and polluted soil + poultry wastes + HBB5 biosurfactant. The biodegradation of BTEX were periodically monitored every seven days for 28 days using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer coupled with head space (GC-MS-HS). The respective initial and final concentrations of BTEX (ppm) were as follows; 0.7936 and 0.2063, 0.9733 and 0.0231, 0.9526 and <0.0001, 0.9241 and <0.0001 with degradation efficiencies of 74.0%, 97.6%, 100% and 100% for polluted soil alone, polluted soil + poultry wastes, polluted soil + HBB5 biosurfactant and polluted soil + poultry wastes + HBB5 biosurfactant respectively. The microbial counts increased greatly, and the concentrations of the limiting nutrients reduced during the experimental period. The effective treatments for bioremediation increased in the following order: polluted soil alone < polluted soil + poultry waste < polluted soil + HBB5 biosurfactant < polluted soil + poultry waste + HBB5 biosurfactant. Results clearly showed that application of HBB5 biosurfactant only or in combination with poultry wastes has the ability to degrade ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and thus, can be employed in the clean-up of crude oil contaminated soil.
Nutritional Potential and Microbiological Quality of the Taro Leaves (Colocasia Esculenta) Consumed in Abidjan City (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Alfred Kouamé Kohi , Jean-Paul Bouatenin Koffi Maïzan , Fabrice Djué Yao , Karnon Coulibaly , Marcellin Djé Koffi
Published: July 2021

To fight malnutrition, which is a public health problem in the world, it is to use local foods as a cost-effective strategy to improve health. The aim of this study was to characterize taro (Colocasia esculenta) leaves for their valorization in human food. Sampling took place in the city of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and the collection of fresh taro (Colocasia esculenta) leaf samples was done in 10 fields in the commune of Abobo, 6 fields in Akeikoi and 4 fields in N'dotré, in October 2020. Three samples were taken in each field. To do so, physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological analyses of dried fresh leaves and dried cooked leaves were performed. The analysis of the biochemical composition allowed to characterize the taro leaves. Thus, the results showed that the crude protein and fat contents of the fresh dried taro leaves were respectively 4.95 ± 0.005% and 0.07 ± 0.001% against 3.75 ± 0.001% and 0.06 ± 0.001% for the boiled and dried taro leaves. The total carbohydrate content was 93.97± 0.02% for the dried cooked leaves and 91.24 ± 0.04% for the fresh dried leaves. The iron concentration for the dried fresh leaves (3.33 ± 0.57 mg) was higher than that for the boiled and dried leaves (1.33 ± 0.57 mg). Zinc content ranged from 385.66 ± 5.13 mg for fresh dried leaves to 196.66 ± 5.77 mg for boiled and dried taro leaves. Magnesium was present in taro leaves with higher contents in fresh dried leaves (45.66 ± 1.52 mg) than in cooked dried leaves (38.66 ± 1.52 mg). In addition, the presence of mesophilic aerobic germs, notably Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sporulates, was observed in the dried cooked leaves. It appears that the cooked taro leaves consumed in Abidjan have a good nutritional potential but could present a health hazard at the microbiological level for the consumer.
Construction of Functions for Fractional Derivatives using Matlab
Authors: Sunday Olagunju Adeyemi , Lois Joseph Folake
Published: July 2021

MATLAB is a high level programming tool for technical computing, its application cuts across different sphere of science, engineering, finance, communication, music etc. With the current increase in the use of non-integer order derivatives, there is a need to have tools that handle them for effective applications. In this paper, we present a brief comparative review of 2 expressions of fractional derivative. MATLAB functions for approximating Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives are presented alongside. Numerical simulations with test examples are implemented and results compared. To effectively handle non-polynomial function, Taylor series expansion is employed to convert the function into a form that can be easily handled.
Classification of Subsectors in the Agriculture Sector and Featured Agriculture Products in Badung District, Bali
Authors: Antara Made , Sumarniasih Made Sri
Published: July 2021

The research objectives were: (1) To classify the subsectors in the Agriculture sector in Badung District into prime subsectors, potential subsectors, developing subsectors, and underdeveloped subsectors; (2) Identifying featured products, locality and specialization in each subsector in the Agriculture sector in Badung District. The types of data collected are quantitative and qualitative data, sourced from secondary sources and primary sources. Data collection methods are documentation, observation, and interviews. The data analysis methods were Klassen Typology, Location Quotient (LQ), Localization Coefficient (α) and Specialization Coefficient (β). The results showed that the nine subsector in the Agriculture sector in Badung District can be classified into two classes, namely five subsectors including the developing subsectors, namely food crops, seasonal horticulture crops, annual horticulture crops, livestock and fisheries. Meanwhile, the four subsectors are included in the underdeveloped subsector, namely seasonal plantations, annual plantations, agriculture and hunting services, and forestry and logging. The main products in each developing subsector include: In the food crop subsector are lowland rice and soybean. In the livestock subsector are cows, goats, pigs, laying hens, broilers, village chickens, and ducks. In the fisheries subsector, are tuna, selar fish, snapper, yellow tail and shrimp.
COVID-19 Crisis: What is the Role of Telehealth?
Authors: Turkistani Fatema , Sawad Aseel Bin
Published: July 2021

Background: The adverse outcomes of COVID-19 on the healthcare system has prompted the enactment of social distancing and self-isolation or quarantine to minimize the spread of the contagious virus. The need for social distancing and isolation has made telehealth a game-changer in the war against COVID-19.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were: (1) To evaluate the current trends of using telehealth during COVID-19 pandemic, (2) To discuss regulatory and policy changes related to telehealth at the service provider level, (3) To analyze recommendations by professional organizations, and (4) To evaluate challenges and recommendations for best practices.

Methods: This is a narrative review. Most current information (focused on the measures that the healthcare system has adopted to integrate telehealth in the coronavirus response measures) was obtained from peer-reviewed journals and the website of payers, pharmacies, and professional organizations.

Results: Response and management of COVID-19 has seen a surge in the use of telehealth and mobile applications. Health insurance providers have reformed their payer policies to integrate telehealth in COVID-19 response. Waiving premiums, co-pays, and cost-sharing are the most common changes across the industry. For example, Cleveland Clinic has reported a 1,665% increase in the number of telemedicine visits, recording 60,000 visits in March compared to 3,400 before coronavirus. The expansion of telehealth in the era of COVID-19 has presented practical challenges stymying progress.

Conclsion: Telehealth is indisputable in promoting social distance, which is a proven public health promotion intervention for curbing the spread of coronavirus.
Behavior of Medical Students toward Over-the-Counter Drugs in Comparison to Students from Other Faculties, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khalifa Amar Fathi Mohamed , AlKhudairy Yasser Nabil , Algahtani Adel Ahmed , Abduljabbar Bandar Mohammed , Aldawsari Fahad Majed , Kharsa Faisal Hunaidi , AlSafadi Khalid Mohammed , Mahjoub Mazen Abdulla , AlAli Naif Suliaman , AlAdwanie Rakan Abdulrahman , Abduljabbar Salah Adel , Alrouh Sameh Moetaz , Salim Shaikh Shaheer
Published: July 2021

Background: Over-the-counter-drugs (OTC) are drugs that can be obtained by patients without a prescription from a physician. In Saudi Arabia, it has been reported that more than half of university students practiced self-medication and used OTC drugs.

Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study, among medical and non-medical students in Riyadh. The sample size was 421, by systemic random sampling. A pre-coded pre-tested online questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS V 23. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: There was no significant relationship between what the participants were majoring in and the usage of OTC drugs (p value= 0.373). Gender also had no relation with the use of OTC (p value= 0.168). Panadol appeared as the most commonly used OTC drug 62.9% for the relief of the most commonly mentioned factor which is headache 50.12%. 

Conclusion: Medical education didn’t have much of an effect on the use of OTC drugs. Moreover, professional guidance or advice was not considered most of the time for taking OTC, but the majority of respondents portrayed good behavior towards usage of OTC.
Retrospective Monocentric Study on Career Preferred by Ayurveda Alumni
Authors: Chaple Jagruti , Rajput Dhirajsingh S.
Published: July 2021

Background: Alumni studies are considered valuable as such works are done to assess the outcomes of efforts made by faculties of relevant organization and its actual effect in professional life. These studies serve as source of information to increase the effectiveness of related organization and thereby students quality of education.

Aim and Objective: The study was centered on exploring the quality and impact of teaching-learning modalities on career proffered by alumni.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective monocentric cohort study was conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital and Research Centre (MGACHRC), Salod (H), Wardha (Maharashtra) from 2007 batch to 2012 BAMS (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery) batch which include total 281 Alumni who has completed BAMS course from MGACHRC. The survey was done by using a questionnaire and responses were collected via receiving filled questionnaire via email or filling the questionnaire through telephonic communication with alumni. Results: The survey study reveled that after completing graduation from MGACHRC, the career chosen by alumni of 2007 to 2013 batches include post graduation (PG), working as faculty in other institute, established general clinical practice (GP), joined as medical officer in government or private hospitals (Govt. MO, Private MO) and engaged in other activities such as business, profession other than medical services, become research researcher etc and the percentages of alumni in aforementioned career are 43.42, 8.54, 21.00, 9.96, 12.10 and 4.98 respectively. Higher proportion of females is noted in all batches and most of the alumni gave preference for post graduation followed by clinical practice and occupation as medical officer either in government of private hospitals.

Conclusion: The study represents that obtaining specialization is not possible by completing BAMS and hence post graduation is first preference. However the all careers chosen by alumni of MGACHRC are satisfactory and thus indicate well teaching-learning methods.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Competitive Advantage: The Evaluation of the Mediation role of Employee Commitment and Customer Satisfaction, (Study on Manufacturing Companies in Surabaya)
Authors: Wedysiage Mayesa , Hatane Semuel , Deviesa Devie
Published: July 2021

The objective of this research is to discover the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) towards Competitive Advantage using the Employee Commitment and Customer Satisfaction variables on the manufacturing companies listed in Surabaya. The sample population is 206 manufacturing companies in Surabaya that have already done CSR from the East Java BPS data. The samples are manufacturing companies selected via non-probability and the respondents are the owners or staff with the competency to represent the companies who are willing to fill the online or offline questionnaires. The researcher gathers the primary data from the 67 companies that answered the questionnaires then processes it with the SPSS and PLS software. The research result confirms that employee commitment acts as an intervening variable that can strengthen the relationship between CSR and competitive advantage.
The Role of Social Media Instagram in the Travel Process: Evidence from Young People in Surabaya
Authors: Prasetya Lydia Felicia , Jaya Marcella Caroline , Thio Sienny
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to examine the role of Instagram in the travel process of Surabaya’s young people. This process was divided into five stages namely: dreaming, planning, booking, experiencing and sharing. Quantitative descriptive was employed by distributing 200 questionnaires with the age ranging from 18 to 24. Qualitative method was also utilized by having in-depth interviews with five informants. The results have shown that Surabaya’s young people attach greatest role of Instagram on dreaming stage and the least role on booking stage. Youngsters are inspired after seeing posts (uploads) associated with travel on Instagram due to travel-related accounts they follow. This study has provided a preliminary investigation of travel process using Instagram and it should provide insights to travel agents, both offline and online to consider Instagram as a promotional media with the fact that Instagram plays an important role in the travel process amongst young people.
Why is the Influence of Servant Leadership on Affective Commitment to Change Insignificant? Proposing Objective Workplace Spirituality as the Mediator
Authors: Prawira Sindu
Published: July 2021

The ability to quickly adapt to change has been one of the mandatory requirements for every organization to succeed in this disruptive era. While commitment to change is the most desirable attitude when an organization faces major changes, an affective commitment to change is the dominant dimension of commitment to change. On the other hand, leadership is known as one of the most important antecedents of commitment to change. However, researches on this relationship have not been conclusive. Using the affect theory of social exchange and servant leadership theory, this theoretical review argues that the study method, type of exchange structure in the research context, and the need for mediation are the three main reasons for the research gap. This literature review proposes objective workplace spirituality as the mediator between servant leadership and affective commitment to change relationships.
A cell surface‐reducing microenvironment induces early osteogenic commitment
Authors: Kim Hyunbum , Lee Eun‐Seo , Kim Jiyong , Kim Hwan Drew , Hwang Nathaniel S.
Published: July 2021

Stem cell‐based therapy has been highlighted as a potential avenue to promote tissue regeneration, where stimulation of stem cells to differentiate into the targeted cell type is essential. One of the factors that induce stem cells to differentiate is their surrounding microenvironment. In this study, the correlation between mild reductant and early osteogenic commitment was evaluated. A cell surface‐reducing microenvironment significantly silenced the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signaling pathway of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), followed by increased focal adhesion and inhibition of cell membrane protein dimerization. Furthermore, in vivo transplantation of MSCs exposed to the reducing microenvironment resulted in an early osteogenic commitment and neobone formation. Thus, these results highlight the potential of cell surface‐reducing microenvironment to influence early osteogenic commitment.
Rondonin: antimicrobial properties and mechanism of action
Authors: Riciluca Katie C. T. , Oliveira Ursula C. , Mendonça Ronaldo Z. , Bozelli Junior José C. , Schreier Shirley , da Silva Junior Pedro I.
Published: July 2021

Infectious diseases are among the major causes of death in the human population. A wide variety of organisms produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as part of their first line of defense. A peptide from Acanthoscurria rondoniae plasma, rondonin—with antifungal activity, a molecular mass of 1236 Da and primary sequence IIIQYEGHKH—was previously studied (UniProt accession number B3EWP8). It showed identity with the C terminus of subunit ‘D’ of the hemocyanin of the Aphonopelma hentzi spider. This result led us to propose a new pathway of the immune system of arachnids that suggests a new function to hemocyanin: production of antimicrobial peptides. Rondonin does not interact with model membranes and was able to bind to yeast nucleic acids but not bacteria. It was not cytotoxic against mammalian cells. The antifungal activity of rondonin is pH‐dependent and peaks at pH ˜ 4–5. The peptide presents synergism with gomesin (spider hemocyte antimicrobial peptide—UniProtKB—P82358) against human yeast pathogens, suggesting a new potential alternative treatment option. Antiviral activity was detected against RNA viruses, measles, H1N1, and encephalomyocarditis. This is the first report of an arthropod hemocyanin fragment with activity against human viruses. Currently, it is vital to invest in the search for natural and synthetic antimicrobial compounds that, above all, present alternative mechanisms of action to first‐choice antimicrobials.
Patterns of T‐Cell Phenotypes in Rheumatic Diseases From Single‐Cell Studies of Tissue
Authors: Gao Yidan , Dunlap Garrett , Elahee Mehreen , Rao Deepak A.
Published: July 2021

High‐dimensional analyses of tissue samples from patients with rheumatic diseases are providing increasingly detailed descriptions of the immune cell populations that infiltrate tissues in different rheumatic diseases. Here we review key observations emerging from high‐dimensional analyses of T cells within tissues in different rheumatic diseases, highlighting common themes across diseases as well as distinguishing features. Single‐cell RNA sequencing analyses capture several dimensions of T‐cell states, yet surprisingly, these analyses generally have not demonstrated distinct clusters of paradigmatic T‐cell effector subsets, such as T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Rather, global transcriptomics robustly identify both proliferating T cells and regulatory T cells and have also helped to reveal new effector subsets in inflamed tissues, including T peripheral helper cells and granzyme K+ T cells. Further characterization of the T‐cell populations that accumulate within target tissues should enable more precise targeting of biologic therapies and accelerate development of more specific biomarkers to track activity of relevant immune pathways in patients with rheumatic diseases.
Appendicular Lean Mass, Grip Strength, and the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis and Knee Pain Among Older Adults
Authors: Andrews James S. , Gold Laura S. , Nevitt Michael , Heagerty Patrick J. , Cawthon Peggy M.
Published: July 2021

Objective

The association of sarcopenia with development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) or knee pain in older adults is uncertain. We examined the relationship of grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM) with the likelihood of developing knee OA and knee pain in older adults in the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) Study.

Methods

ALM and grip strength were assessed at baseline by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and handheld dynamometry, respectively. Incident clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA, defined as new participant report of physician‐diagnosed knee OA and concurrent frequent knee pain, and incident frequent knee pain over 5 years of follow‐up were examined. Separate regression analyses, stratified by sex, modeled associations of baseline ALM and grip strength with the likelihood of incident clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA and incident knee pain over follow‐up, adjusting for covariates.

Results

Among the 2779 subjects without OA at baseline, 95 men (6.9%) and 158 women (11.3%) developed clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA, and, among the 2182 subjects without knee pain at baseline, 315 men (28.3%) and 385 women (36.1%) developed knee pain over follow‐up. Among men only, each SD decrement of ALM was associated with decreasing likelihood of incident knee OA (odds ratio [OR] per SD decrement: 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47‐0.97), and each SD decrement of grip strength was associated with increasing likelihood of incident knee pain (OR per SD decrement: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.42).

Conclusion

In older men, ALM and grip strength may be associated with the development of knee OA and knee pain, respectively.
New York law paves way for distributing opioid settlement funds to treatment
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2021

The stage is set for settlement money from state lawsuits against pharmaceutical companies to go directly to treatment and recovery. The stage is New York, where last week New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo did not veto, as had been expected, just such a law.
Anti‐Icing Performance of Superhydrophobic Surface with Square‐Ring Structure Prepared by Nanosecond Laser
Authors: Wan Yanling , Yan Candong , Yu Huadong , Wang Bo
Published: July 2021

Herein, a square‐ring structure array is constructed on an aluminum alloy surface using a nanosecond laser‐processing method. A durable and anti‐icing superhydrophobic surface is obtained after heating treatment. The surface properties of the square‐ring structure and the icing behavior of the surface are investigated. Results show that the surfaces of the square‐ring structure fabricated in two different sizes display a high contact angle of 152.3° and 154.3° and a low sliding angle of 3.3° and 2.1° at a temperature of 15 °C, and even at −15 °C the surface still displays low adhesion, with a sliding angle lower than 6.3°, which could effectively make the water droplet slide away from the surface before freezing. The anti‐icing performance experiment shows that the surface with the square‐ring structure has good anti‐icing performance, with the icing delay time greater than 700 s, and the icing quantity is greatly reduced at the temperature of −15 °C. Finally, the durability experiment shows that both the wettability and the icing delay time performance of the superhydrophobic surface with the newly fabricated square‐ring structure display good stability.
Formation of Alumina Nanotubes and Jet Effect during High‐Voltage Local Anodization of Aluminum
Authors: Lazarouk Serguei K. , Sasinovich Dzmitry A. , Dudich Vladislav V. , Lazarouk Andrei S. , Borisenko Victor E.
Published: July 2021

Using an improved heat sink from the barrier layer, the voltage of anodic electrochemical oxidation of aluminum in sulfuric electrolytes is successfully increased from the conventional limit of about 40 to 200 V. This is done by localization of the anodized regions within the windows in the niobium thin film masks with the diameters of 0.3 μm to 2.5 mm. High‐voltage anodization in water solutions of sulfuric acid is observed to be accompanied by a reproducible formation of densely packed alumina nanotubes and intense gas propulsion from the pores of the forming alumina. The latter is proposed and experimentally confirmed for use as an efficient driving agent in micro‐ and nanoengines. Test samples are accelerated to the velocities up to 1 cm s−1, demonstrating a thrust‐to‐weight ratio of about 1000.
Biodegradable Elastic Sponge from Nanofibrous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic as an Advanced Material for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Zhang Yonggang , Li Jiaping , Soleimani Mohammad , Giacomini Francesca , Friedrich Heiner , Truckenmüller Roman , Habibovic Pamela
Published: July 2021

Biodegradable porous calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are widely used as synthetic graft substitutes for bone regeneration, owing to their chemical and structural similarity to bone and associated bioactivity in terms of bone‐bonding, osteoconductive, and even osteoinductive properties. Nevertheless, the intrinsic brittleness and poor processability of porous CaP ceramics strongly impair their clinical applicability. Herein, a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) sponge is developed that consists of a self‐supporting network of seamlessly interwoven hydroxyapatite nanowires and β‐tricalcium phosphate nanofibers and possesses a highly interconnected porous structure with open cell geometry and ultrahigh porosity. Owing to its unique properties, the ceramic sponge can be easily processed into various shapes and dimensions, such as cylindrical scaffolds and thin, flexible membranes. Moreover, the BCP sponge can be introduced into a bone defect in a compacted or folded state from a syringe and, upon wetting, expand to its original shape, thereby filling the cavity. The nanofibrous sponge gradually degrades in vitro and rapidly mineralizes when immersed in simulated body fluid. Moreover, it adsorbs significantly more proteins than a conventional porous BCP ceramic. Finally, the nanofibrous sponge supports the attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells comparable to the conventional porous BCP ceramic.
Silk Nanocrack Origami for Controllable Random Lasers
Authors: Dogru‐Yuksel Itir Bakis , Jeong Chanho , Park Byeonghak , Han Mertcan , Lee Ju Seung , Kim Tae‐il , Nizamoglu Sedat
Published: July 2021

The ancient art of Origami started to evolve as a contemporary technological method for the realization of morphologically induced and unconventional advanced functional structures. Here, directional random lasers (RLs) that are formed by folding (i.e., ori) dye‐doped natural protein silk fibroin (SF) film as paper (i.e., kami) are demonstrated. The folding stress induces parallel nanocracks that simultaneously function as diffuse reflectors and laser light outcouplers at the boundaries of the optical gain medium. Random lasing is observed after a threshold energy level of 0.8 nJ µm−2 with an in‐plane divergence‐angle of 13°. Moreover, the central laser emission wavelength is tuned from 588.7 to 602.1 nm by controlling the adjacent nanocracks distance and additional laser emission directions are introduced by further folding SF at different in‐plane angles that induce rectangular and triangular geometries. More significantly, RL is fabricated via a quick, scalable, and environmentally friendly stress‐induced nanocracking process maintaining its mechanical and optical properties even after 10,000 times of bending test. Hence, this study introduces a novel form of biocompatible, biodegradable, and large‐area protein microlasers by using an unconventional laser fabrication approach.
A Rising Star from Two Worlds: Collaboration of COFs and ILs
Authors: Zhang You , Wu Ming‐Xue , Zhou Guohui , Wang Xing‐Huo , Liu Xiaomin
Published: July 2021

The functional composites based on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and ionic liquids (ILs) have stimulated increasing scientific interest owing to their complementary characteristics and cooperative activation. The tailorability and diversity of COFs and ILs render the COFs‐ILs composites with predesignable structures, extendable syntheses, and customizable functionalities. Although the COFs‐ILs composites have a promising development prospect, thus far, reviews regarding COFs‐ILs composites have not been reported. This minireview summarizes the synthetic strategies including ionothermal synthesis and solvothermal synthesis; in addition, the application performances of meritorious COFs‐ILs composites ranging from catalysis, electrochemistry, adsorption and separation, luminescence sensing, and bio‐related analysis are briefly introduced. Furthermore, this minireview briefly emphasizes the opportunities and challenges faced toward rapidly developed but embryonic COFs‐ILs composites. Altogether, it is expected that this minireview will spark the potential development of COFs‐ILs composites from fundamental synthesis to cutting‐edge applications.
Capacitive Coupling of Conducting Polymer Tattoo Electrodes with the Skin
Authors: Ferrari Laura M. , Ismailov Usein , Greco Francesco , Ismailova Esma
Published: July 2021

Tattoo electronics is one of the emerging technologies in skin compliant biosensing. The growing interest in their large application in health monitoring raises several interrogations on how these sensors interface with the skin. In this paper, the bioimpedance at the interface of the skin and ultra‐conformable tattoo electrodes made of conducting polymers are focused on. The electrochemical characteristics of these electrodes differ from traditional gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes. The modeling of equivalent circuits in different skin‐electrode configurations proposes the explanation of the biopotentials transduction mechanism. The strong agreement between the circuit model and experimental values reveals the capacitive coupling of conducting polymer tattoo electrodes where circuit's values reflect the electrodes’ and skin physical characteristics. Additional studies underline an enhanced signal stability in inter/intra‐subject evaluations using dry tattoos beneficial for broad long‐term recordings. This study provides a comprehensive explanation of the skin/tattoo electrode interface model. The understanding of this interface is essential when designing next generation wearable biomonitoring devices using imperceptible interfaces.
Tailoring Trap Density of States through Impedance Analysis for Flexible Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Choudhury Anwesha , Gupta Ritesh Kant , Garai Rabindranath , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: July 2021

The selection of dielectric material impacts the dielectric/semiconductor (D/S) interface which plays a significant role in defining the device performance. Hence, investigation of the D/S interfacial defects and trap states is essential for improving the device performance and designing new semiconductor and dielectric materials for organic field effect transistors (OFET). Here, the trap density of states (DOS) at the interface is investigated by impedance spectroscopy (IS). OFETs are fabricated with three different dielectric combinations and the highest mobility is found to be 0.12 cm2 V−1 s−1. Detailed analysis of the semiconductor thin film and the D/S interface is performed by atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, time‐resolved photoluminescence and is found consistent with the DOS analysis. This work validates that IS can be utilized as a prospective DOS analysis method for OFET applications. Finally, for evaluating the potential application of the device architecture toward developing flexible electronic circuit components, the device is fabricated on a flexible substrate and the mechanical stability is examined by subjecting the device to a strain of 2.5%. The device shows no significant degradation in operation, confirming its practical utility.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Acyclic N,N‐Acetals via Aza‐Addition of Arylamines to Ketimines
Authors: Lin Xiao , Ge Keli , He Ningning , Chen Xuling , Li Pengfei , Dong Mingxin , Li Wenjun
Published: July 2021

A chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed enantioselective aza‐addition of arylamines to ketimines has been developed for the construction of chiral acyclic N,N‐acetal motifs. Under the standard conditions, arylamines reacted smoothly with ketimines from isoquinoline‐1,3‐dione to afford a series of acyclic N,N‐acetals in 82–99% yield with 80–96% ee.

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Diastereoselective Synthesis of oxa‐Bridged Tetracyclic Benzooxazines from the Reaction of 2‐Isocyanophenyloxyacrylates and Propargylic Esters
Authors: Xiao Yao , Shen Jie , Wang Li , Lu Shanya , Li Jian
Published: July 2021

A cascade annulation of 2‐isocyanophenyloxyacrylate and propargylic ester under basic conditions has been disclosed. This methodology enables diastereoselective synthesis of oxa‐bridged tetracyclic benzooxazine. The annulation proceeds through isomerization, Michael addition, triple annulation and acyl migration processes.

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Preventing Electrolyte Decomposition on a Ca Metal Electrode Interface Using an Artificial Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Young Joshua , Smeu Manuel
Published: July 2021

Calcium ion batteries are gaining attention as alternatives to lithium‐ion technology because they offer comparable properties at reduced cost and improved safety. However, progress has been limited because of the inability to efficiently and reversibly plate and strip Ca metal anodes in organic electrolytes. Moreover, the inorganic components of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) that form via decomposition of the electrolyte often do not allow for the diffusion of Ca ions. In this work, an approach combining density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations is utilized to show that the use of a preformed artificial SEI layer of amorphous can potentially prevent electrolyte decomposition. First, Ca is shown to be able to intercalate into an amorphous layer (up to Ca1.5Al2O3) and diffuse through on a reasonable time scale. Through calculation of the density of states, the system is found to remain insulating up to the equilibrium stoichiometry. Finally, AIMD simulations with a realistic organic electrolyte environment are used to show that this calcinated layer completely prevents the decomposition of solvent molecules. This approach can provide a route to efficient rechargeable Ca ion batteries, paving the way for cheap large‐scale energy storage.
The treatment of hairy cell leukemia with a focus on long lasting responses to cladribine: A 30‐year experience
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Argnani Lisa , Nanni Laura , Terragna Carolina , Sabattini Elena , Gabrielli Giulia , Stefoni Vittorio , Pellegrini Cinzia , Casadei Beatrice , Morigi Alice , Lolli Ginevra , Carella Matteo , Coppola Paolo Elia , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: July 2021

The treatment of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has considerably changed over years. Purine analogues, namely cladribine, now represent the treatment of choice. One hundred and eighty‐four patients were followed between 1986 and 2018 and treated according to era‐specific guidelines. Responses were classified by combining Consensus Resolution criteria and marrow immunohistochemistry. Patients were grouped according to the number of treatment lines they received. Patients treated first line responded in 86% of cases, with complete response (CR) in 44% of cases. Response rates remained high throughout the first four lines (84%, 81%, 79% for the second line onward, with CR in 38%, 37%, 15% of cases respectively). One hundred and twenty‐two patients received cladribine as first line treatment, with a response rate of 86% and a CR rate of 54%. Among the 66 CR patients, 45 (68%) have never received further therapy: 11 patients are in continuous CR between 5 and 10 years after treatment, 14 between 10 and 20 years and three patients at more than 20 years. Median time‐to‐next treatment (TTNT) for frontline cladribine‐treated patients was 8.2 years: partial responders had a significantly shorter median TTNT than CR patients (5.3 years vs median not reached at 25.8 years, p < 0.001). Patients with HCL require subsequent lines of therapy in more than 50% of cases. Purine analogues allow significant response rates when applied first line and upon retreatment. Some patients may enjoy long lasting treatment‐free intervals after one course of cladribine.
Lung function decline before and after treatment of World Trade Center associated obstructive airways disease with inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting beta agonists
Authors: Goldfarb David G. , Putman Barbara , Lahousse Lies , Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Vaeth Brandon M. , Schwartz Theresa , Hall Charles B. , Prezant David J. , Weiden Michael D.
Published: July 2021

Background

Greater than average loss of one‐second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) is a risk factor for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma/COPD overlap syndrome in World Trade Center (WTC)‐exposed firefighters. Inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting beta agonists (ICS/LABA) are used to treat obstructive airways disease but their impact on FEV1‐trajectory in this population is unknown.

Methods

The study population included WTC‐exposed male firefighters who were treated with ICS/LABA for 2 years or longer (with initiation before 2015), had at least two FEV1 measurements before ICS/LABA initiation and two FEV1 measurements posttreatment between September 11, 2001 and September 10, 2019. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to estimate FEV1‐slope pre‐ and post‐treatment.

Results

During follow‐up, 1023 WTC‐exposed firefighters were treated with ICS/LABA for 2 years or longer. When comparing intervals 6 years before and 6 years after treatment, participants had an 18.7 ml/year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.3–26.1) improvement in FEV1‐slope after adjustment for baseline FEV1, race, height, WTC exposure, weight change, blood eosinophil concentration, and smoking status. After stratification by median date of ICS/LABA initiation (January 14, 2010), earlier ICS/LABA‐initiators had a 32.5 ml/year (95% CI: 19.5–45.5) improvement in slope but later ICS/LABA‐initiators had a nonsignificant FEV1‐slope improvement (7.9 ml/year, 95% CI: −0.5 to 17.2).

Conclusions

WTC‐exposed firefighters treated with ICS/LABA had improved FEV1 slope after initiation, particularly among those who started earlier. Treatment was, however, not associated with FEV1‐slope improvement if started after the median initiation date (1/14/2010), likely because onset of disease began before treatment initiation. Research on alternative treatments is needed for patients with greater than average FEV1‐decline who have not responded to ICS/LABA.
Bronchial angiofibroma in tuberous sclerosis complex: A case report and literature review
Authors: Teng Peikun , Liu Jing , Liu Deshun , Li Wenfei , Liu Xuedong
Published: July 2021

Cutaneous angiofibroma is part of the classic triad of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Angiofibroma is rarely reported to affect the mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchus. Tracheobronchial angiofibroma is also a hamartomatous manifestation of TSC. Considering the paucity of literature describing tracheal lesions in TSC, more case reports are needed to guide treatment planning. This case report adds to the existing clinical literature and provides a reference for clinical diagnosis.
Somatic KRAS mutation affecting codon 146 in linear sebaceous nevus syndrome
Authors: Kapoor Saloni , Scanga Hannah L. , Reyes‐Múgica Miguel , Nischal Ken K.
Published: July 2021

Linear Sebaceous Nevus Syndrome is a rare disorder that presents with nevus sebaceus in association with corneal dermoids, colobomas, choroidal osteomas, and arachnoid cysts. It is thought to represent a mosaic RASopathy. These are disorders characterized by postzygotic somatic mutation in genes involved in RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. In this report we describe two patients with linear sebaceous nevus syndrome found to have mutations in codon 146 of KRAS with evidence of mosaicism. This specific mutation has previously been reported in Oculoectodermal Syndrome and Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis, two other mosaic RASopathies with predominantly cerebrooculocutaneous manifestations. These findings suggest that, while initially classified as different syndromes, these disorders should be evaluated and managed as a spectrum of related disorders.
Cycloadditionen mit einer stabilen ladungsseparierten cyclobutadienartigen Siliciumringverbindung
Authors: Keuter Jan , Hepp Alexander , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Feldt Milica , Lips Felicitas
Published: July 2021

Reduktive Debromierung von {N(SiMe3)2}SiBr3 mit Rieke‐Magnesium führt zu einem 1:1‐Gemisch des fünfkernigen Siliciumclusters Si5{N(SiMe3)2}5Br, 1, mit einem Bromsubstituenten und der Cyclobutadien‐analogen Si4‐Ringverbindung 2. Verbindung 2 besitzt einen planaren rautenförmigen Si4‐Ring mit einem ladungsseparierten elektronischen Zustand. Die Siliciumatome in 2 sind alternierend trigonal‐planar und ‐pyramidal konfiguriert. In Cycloadditionen mit Ethen, Diethylacetylen, 1,5‐Cyclooctadien und 2,3‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐butadien wurden die cyclischen ungesättigten Ringverbindungen 3–6 bei Raumtemperatur in quantitativen Ausbeuten erhalten. Die Verbindungen 3 und 6 gehen photochemische Isomerisierungen mit LED‐Licht ein (λ=405 nm), wobei die gesättigten Siliciumringverbindungen 4 e und 6′ gebildet werden.
Redox‐Switchable Cycloisomerization of Alkynoic Acids with Napthalenediimide‐Derived N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Ruiz‐Zambrana César , Gutiérrez‐Blanco Ana , Gonell Sergio , Poyatos Macarena , Peris Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Two naphthalene‐diimide (NDI) bis‐imidazolium salts have been used as N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors for the preparation of NDI‐functionalized complexes of rhodium and iridium of general formula [MCl(NDI‐NHC)(COD)] (M=Rh, Ir; NDI‐NHC=NDI‐functionalized NHC ligand). Comparison of the IR spectra of the complexes [IrCl(NDI‐NHC)(CO)2] and their related one‐ and two‐electron reduced forms, reveal that each one‐electron reduction produces a decrease of the average ν(CO) of 9–10 cm−1, indicating a significant enhancement of the electron‐richness of the metal. The [MCl(NDI‐NHC)(COD)] complexes were tested in the catalytic cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids. The one‐electron reduced forms showed greatly enhanced activities. For the cyclization of 5‐hexynoic acid, the two‐electron reduction of the ligand produced further enhancement of the catalytic activity, therefore showing that the catalyst can switch between three redox species with three distinct catalytic activities.
Amino‐functionalized carbon nanotubes for effectively improving the mechanical properties of pre‐impregnated epoxy resin/carbon fiber
Authors: dos Santos Alan Silva , de Oliveira Thais Cardoso , Rodrigues Karla Faquine , Silva Amanda Alvarenga Coutinho , Coppio Gustavo José Lauer , da Silva Fonseca Beatriz Carvalho , Simonetti Evelyn Alves Nunes , Cividanes Luciana De Simone
Published: July 2021

Pre‐impregnated carbon fiber/epoxy resin (CF/epoxy prepreg) gained its popularity for significant stress applications, especially in the aerospace industry, owing to its excellent resistance and low specific mass. However, these CF/epoxy prepregs have a tendency to crack propagation. A solution for the prepregs fragility is the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), especially those functionalized with amino groups, reinforcing the material due to its exceptional mechanical properties. In this work, the influence of the carbon chain length of two different amino‐functionalized CNTs from diverse backgrounds (commercial and laboratory growth CNTs) is studied. The nanofillers were added in CF/epoxy prepregs by dry spraying without solvent aid. CNTs' samples were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the composites were analyzed by TGA, dynamic‐mechanical analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The various surface treatment occurred at different levels according to the CNTs background, and all samples exhibited a distinct behavior. These differences were also observed in the composites' thermomechanical performance: CNTs functionalized with larger carbon chain amine presented the best results, with an increase of almost 100% in the storage moduli (E'), confirming the efficiency of amino‐functionalized CNTs in the reinforcement of CF/epoxy prepregs.
Investigation of eco‐friendly chemical treatments of apple pomace for producing high quality molded pulp biocomposite
Authors: Lang Clara V. , Wang Taoran , Zhao Yanyun
Published: July 2021

Eco‐friendly chemical treatments using citric acid (CA) and sodium bicarbonate were employed to remove pectin, hemicellulose, and extractives from apple pomace (AP) for improving AP fiber quality and maximizing its utilization in producing biocomposite boards with newspaper (NP) fibers (AP:NP ratio of 2:1) using molded pulp technique. CA treatment was further optimized at different pH and temperature and cellulose nanofiber (CNF, 0.15, 0.3% w/w pulp solids) was used as reinforcement agent to enhance mechanical property and water resistance of biocomposite boards. CA treatment improved AP fiber strength and cellulose content. AP treated by CA at pH 2.5 and 75°C with 0.15% CNF reinforcement produced AP/NP biocomposite board with high flexural strength, and dimension stability, and low density. Thermal analysis verified increased cellulose content, crystallinity, and thermal stability of CA treated AP fibers. This study provided new insight to improve fiber functionality and utilize AP for developing sustainable packaging.
Effect of polyalphaolefin oils as a solvent in gel‐spinning of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fibers
Authors: Da Silva Chagas Naiara Pirahi , De Fátima Vieira Marques Maria
Published: July 2021

In this work, lubricants based on polyalphaolefin with different viscosities were evaluated in the processing of UHMWPE fibers. All fibers were obtained by extrusion with 0.04 to 60 wt% of polyalphaolefin oils with different kinematic viscosities and densities (in ascending order: PAO8, PAO40, and PAO100), under screw speed of 20 to 60 rpm with a nozzle of 1.82 mm diameter. Also, n‐hexane was used to extracting the oils from UHMWPE fibers. The fibers did not undergo the drawing process. It was observed that the fibers that underwent process with PAO40 showed the highest linear density, achieving 3273 tex, indicating the orientation of the crystals in a compact morphology inside the extruder and the higher relaxation after leaving the nozzle, increasing die‐swell. Microscopic analysis revealed roughness in fiber as the insertion of PAO100 oil increased, while fibers with PAO40 proved to be more densified. In addition, the fibers processed with PAO40 have an increase in thermal stability after n‐hexane extraction, with degradation temperature Tmax of 482°C in comparison with 476°C for the neat UHMWPE.