bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling of radiation and flow fields in in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems with and without ribs
Authors: Ye Jinjun , Wargocki Pawel , Ai Zhengtao
Published: September 2024

In-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems (ID-UVs) is a promising technology for the development of biosecure buildings. This study explored the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method for accurately predicting the inactivation efficiency of ID-UVs. The results showed that the setting of ‘Divisions’ is crucial to the accuracy of radiation field modelling, and 15 × 15 was considered to be a reasonable value in this study. In addition, residence time and deposition ratio are two crucial parameters determining the average UV dose (AD) received by microbial particles, thereby influencing the inactivation efficiency. For ID-UVs without ribs, the Renormalization Group (RNG) [Formula: see text] model largely overestimated these two parameters, while the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) with correcting fluctuation velocity improved the predictive accuracy of AD by 10.0%. For ID-UVs with ribs, the RNG [Formula: see text] model overestimated the eddy size and AD by 28.6% and 12.0%, respectively. The RSM model provided results closer to the Large Eddy Simulation. Adding 0.10 H (H: duct height) ribs increased the inactivation efficiency for MS2 Bacteriophage by 19.0%–64.3%, with an additional pressure drop of only 3.3 Pa. These findings contributed to a reliable CFD framework and provided novel ideas for improving inactivation efficiency.
Machine learning approaches for asthma disease prediction among adults in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunawardana JRNA , Viswakula SD , Rannan-Eliya Ravindra P , Wijemunige Nilmini
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Addressing the challenge of cost-effective asthma diagnosis amidst diverse symptom patterns among patients, this study aims to develop a machine learning-based asthma prediction tool for self-detection of asthma. Methods: Data from 6,665 participants in the Sri Lanka Health and Ageing Study (2018-2019) are used for this research. Thirteen machine learning algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, Gradient Boost, XGBoost, AdaBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and Probabilistic Neural Network, are employed. Results: A hybrid version of Logistic Regression and LightGBM outperformed other models, achieving an AUC of 0.9062 and 79.85% sensitivity. Key predictive features for asthma include wheezing, breathlessness with wheezing, shortness of breath attacks, coughing attacks, chest tightness, nasal allergies, physical activity, passive smoking, ethnicity, and residential sector. Conclusion: Combining Logistic Regression and LightGBM models can effectively predict adult asthma based on self-reported symptoms and demographic and behavioural characteristics. The proposed expert system assists clinicians and patients in diagnosing potential asthma cases.
Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for predicting diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia: Evidence from 2016 EDHS
Authors: Zemariam Alemu Birara , Abey Wondosen , Kassaw Abdulaziz Kebede , Yimer Ali
Published: September 2024

Background: Diarrhea is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in under-5 children globally, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Limited research has used machine learning to predict childhood diarrhea. This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of ML algorithms for diarrhea in under-5 children in Ethiopia. Methods: The study utilized a dataset of 9501 under-5 children from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Five ML algorithms were used to build and compare predictive models. The model performance was evaluated using various metrics in Python. Boruta feature selection was employed, and data balancing techniques such as under-sampling, over-sampling, adaptive synthetic sampling, and synthetic minority oversampling as well as hyper parameter tuning methods were explored. Association rule mining was conducted using the Apriori algorithm in R to determine relationships between independent and target variables. Results: 10.2% of children had diarrhea. The Random Forest model had the best performance with 93.2% accuracy, 98.4% sensitivity, 85.5% specificity, and 0.916 AUC. The top predictors were residence, wealth index, and child age, number of living children, deworming, wasting, mother’s occupation, and education. Association rule mining identified the top 7 rules most associated with under-5 diarrhea in Ethiopia. Conclusion: The RF achieved the highest performance for predicting childhood diarrhea. Policymakers and healthcare providers can use these findings to develop targeted interventions to reduce diarrhea. Customizing strategies based on the identified association rules has the potential to improve child health and decrease the impact of diarrhea in Ethiopia.
Prospective expertise: The use of ‘listen’ in the discourse of television sports pundits
Authors: Hutchby Ian
Published: September 2024

This article details the functions of the imperative verb ‘listen’ in the pre-match build-up discussions of television football pundits. Data were recorded from live coverage of recent national and international football competitions. The analysis shows how ‘listen’ plays a role in what is referred to as prospective expertise: the work accomplished during the extensive pre-game build-up sections of a show, in which pundits engage in highlighting potential points of drama or sporting adversity to be anticipated in the game that is yet to be played. Three patterns are identified, in which different sequential positionings of ‘listen’ yield differing kinds of statements or evaluations, assessments, predictions and caveats regarding the forthcoming game.
Behind the black box: The moderating role of the machine heuristic on the effect of transparency information about automated journalism on hostile media bias perception
Authors: Wang Rui , Ophir Yotam
Published: September 2024

Facing historically low levels of public trust, journalists had been increasingly interested in the potential of artificial intelligence to produce news content. Some have suggested that Automated Journalism (AJ) may reduce Hostile Media Biases (HMB), where partisans perceive balanced articles as slanted against their side. However, empirical evidence for the hypothesis remains limited and inconclusive. In this study, we examine whether the effectiveness of AJ at reducing HMB perceptions could be enhanced by disclosure of transparency information about how the algorithm works. We conducted an online experiment ( N = 264 US adults) in which participants were randomly assigned to read a balanced news article about gun control written by different authors (AJ, AJ + transparency information, journalist, student, no author). Our findings indicate that AJ transparency, on average, did not significantly reduce HMB compared to AJ along. A significant interaction effect was identified: participants who strongly endorsed the machine heuristic were less likely to perceive the content in the AJ transparency condition, but not that of other conditions, as biased. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The effect of semi-curing on neat resin mode I fracture properties
Authors: O’Leary Michael , Hartley Robin , McMahon Turlough , Kratz James
Published: September 2024

The sensitivity of fracture toughness to the cure path of a high-performance hot infusion epoxy resin (EP2410) is assessed in this study through single-edge notch bend testing of neat resin specimens. The specimens were prepared using a two-stage semi-curing process. In the initial stage, the partial degree of cure and the semi-cure temperature were varied. In the second stage, samples were heated to 180 °C for a secondary post-cure. These samples were compared to two baseline samples produced using the manufacturer's recommended cure cycle of 180 °C, and a modified isothermal cure at a lower cure temperature of 140 °C. The results show that the semi-curing path has no statistically significant influence on the mode I fracture toughness of the material studied here. Sample similarity was confirmed through SEM examination of the fracture surface, which showed minimal variation in surface topography. These findings open new possibilities to use this type of material for novel manufacturing processes involving semi-curing steps.
Exploring teacher candidates’ discursive shifts in translanguaging pedagogies during literacy instruction
Authors: Beauchemin Faythe , Shen Yueyang , Zhang Geying
Published: September 2024

Although existing research describes how teacher candidates (TCs) have incorporated translanguaging pedagogies through practice-based assignments, little research closely examines how TCs engage in discursive shifts, or moment-to-moment linguistic decisions, in translanguaging pedagogies during literacy instruction in their field placement internships. Drawing on a larger study that utilized practitioner inquiry with an ethnographic approach, we analyzed TCs’ literacy instruction for their discursive shifts in which TCs and elementary students 1) engaged in translanguaging 2) spoke about named languages 3) attempted to draw upon multilingual students’ cultural and linguistic knowledges. Our analyses of TCs’ discursive shifts during translanguaging read-alouds showed that TCs employed more or less effective and affirming discursive shifts to position multilingual students as linguistic experts. TCs also employed certain discursive shifts that gave multilingual students more opportunities to share cultural and linguistic knowledge unknown to the TCs and peers than others. Lastly, TCs engaged in discursive shifts that provided multilingual students space to advocate for their linguistic, cultural and textual rights. We conclude by discussing the findings and sharing implications on developing effective and affirming uses of translanguaging pedagogies in literacy instruction.
An observational sketch essay of an undocumented immigrant hunger strike in Brussels
Authors: Van Gorp Baldwin
Published: September 2024

This visual essay makes use of sketches and watercolour drawings in order to present an observational study of a hunger strike conducted by undocumented immigrants in a Brussels church in 2021. The study aimed to explore the lived experience of the hunger strikers, focusing on the physical consequences, emotional states and process of the strike. The essay highlights the importance of visibility in gaining public support for a hunger strike. The study adds to existing scholarship on the use of visual methods in social research and highlights the potential of observational drawings as a tool for understanding the experiential aspects of social movements.
Negative sentiment – a rhetorical device to reconstruct relationships of power (between tribal-ancient and new populist leadership)
Authors: Citlak Amadeusz , Mayer Claude-Hélène
Published: September 2024

This article presents the role of negative sentiment as a tool for re-constructing power relationships in socio-cultural relations as intentionally used by political and religious leaders across cultures. Negative sentiment facilitated the symbolic disempowerment of enemies and was an important part of the anti-language for the creation of a new or alternative reality across cultures and times. Irony, contempt and disgust have played a special role, which despite cultural changes and qualitatively new rules of public life, have returned to the public space in the 21st century due to populist leaders, with the most notable example being the previous president of the USA and global business man, Donald Trump and his leadership. Cross-cultural management as a discipline has been criticised strongly as being blind to power relations. This paper is aiming at advancing the discourse of power relations by connecting it with theoretical reflections of emotions, anti-language discourses and new populist leadership. It provides examples of different eras and cultural contexts. Further, a major aim of this article is to demonstrate that although the toxic anti-language of populists – who have historically and psychologically rooted notions of disgust or contempt – enables them to achieve a powerful position as politicians, business men and leaders, this comes at the cost of a profound destruction of public life and is in fact a form of return to tribal forms of governance that are currently inadequate. The impact of populists can, however, be tempered by the same method, that is by anti-language but with respect and acceptance of difference at its centre.
Understanding how community-dwelling persons with early dementia perceive health and community services: Informing the dementia strategy of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Authors: Parsons Karen , Smith-Young Joanne , Pike April
Published: September 2024

Background

With an increased aging population, the number of individuals with dementia is expected to rise. The onset of dementia marks the start of negotiating access to a wide range of health and social services to find practical and emotional supports to deal with the management of changes and subsequent challenges that individual with dementia face. The toll of dementia goes beyond the health care system, affecting families and caregivers’ quality of life. This places more pressure on family caregivers and health care institutions to provide services for affected individuals. It is important to understand the service needs of this population to enable them to live at home longer, contribute to society and maintain a positive quality of life.

Aim

To increase understanding of how persons living at home with early dementia and their caregivers/significant others currently perceive and interact with health and community-based services and service providers.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore the experiences of individuals with early dementia and care providers with health and community-based services using semi-structured interviews and content analysis.

Results

Participants included 16 individuals 50 years and older with mild/early dementia living at home, 22 informal caregivers of individuals with mild/early dementia, and 5 key community informants (community health nurses and social workers). Four thematic categories of barriers and two thematic categories of facilitators for access to and uptake of supportive services were identified. Five strategies to inform the development of an action plan to enhance access to, and uptake of, supportive services were determined.

Conclusions

Early recognition of dementia through education and publicity enhanced public awareness, attention, and social inclusion with dementia-friendly neighborhoods and facilities need to be considered to achieve effective dementia-related services. Inclusion and recognition of the wishes of persons with dementia is key.
Interactive visual formula composition of multidimensional data classifiers
Authors: Derstroff Adrian , Leistikow Simon , Nahardani Ali , Gruen Katja , Franz Marcus , Hoerr Verena , Linsen Lars
Published: September 2024

Understanding how a classification result is generated and what role individual features play in the classification is crucial in many applications and, in particular, in medical contexts such as the translation of diagnosis biomarkers into clinical practice. The goal is to find (ideally simple) relationships between the features in multi-dimensional data and the classification for an explanation of the underlying phenomenon. Mathematical formulas allow for the expression of these relationships and can serve as classifiers. However, there are infinitely many mathematical formulas for the given features and they bear an inherent trade-off between complexity and accuracy. We present an interactive visual approach that supports domain experts to mitigate the trade-off issue. Core to our approach is a novel feature selection method, from which formulas are composed using symbolic regression and where state-of-the-art classifiers serve as a reference. To evaluate our approach and compare the achieved classification performance to the performance achieved by other state-of-the-art feature selection techniques, we test our methods with well-known machine learning data sets. Our evaluation shows that our feature selection method performs better than randomly selecting features for data sets with many features or when a low number of generations in the symbolic regression is required. Moreover, it consistently matches or outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, we apply our approach in a case study to a hemodynamic cohort data set, where we report our findings and domain expert feedback. Our approach was able to find formulas containing features that are in agreement with literature. Also, we could find formulas that performed better in the micro-averaged F1 score when compared to established histological indices.
Modeling study of wake cavitation characteristics of DTMB propeller based on numerical computation
Authors: Chengkun Wu , Zhu Zhifeng , Bohua Cai , Yong Yao
Published: September 2024

Based on the RANS method using unstructured grids, numerical simulations of cavitation on the DTMB propeller under uniform inflow conditions were conducted. Through numerical studies of pressure pulsations under different cavitation numbers, it was found that at low cavitation numbers, the pressure fluctuations become irregular with higher amplitude and increased noise. As the cavitation number increases, the pressure tends to stabilize and exhibits periodic fluctuations. Two linear regression models were constructed by the correlation analyzing between the spectral characteristics of the pressure pulsation signals and the operating conditions. The model for the rotational speed and shaft frequency amplitude of the 4381 propeller indicates that the amplitude of the second harmonic of the shaft frequency increases with the advance coefficient. The model for the skew angle and the fourth harmonic amplitude shows that an increase in the skew angle leads to a gradual increase in the amplitude of the fourth harmonic.
A benchmark study on the energy efficiency and environmental impacts of alternative fuels in gulet-type sailing yachts
Authors: Akman Mehmet
Published: September 2024

Gulet-type yachts are one of the symbols of maritime culture with their unique hull forms and schooner or ketch-type riggings. In parallel with the targets aiming for decarbonization in the maritime industry, energy efficiency and emission control are on the agenda for these types of yachts. Driven by this motivation, a novel benchmark study for the gulet-type yachts is conducted to evaluate the energy efficiency and environmental impacts associated with the adoption of LNG or methanol as primary fuel alternatives to MDO. The benchmark study is constructed in two steps: Presenting the design and propulsion characteristics of existing gulets, followed by a detailed analysis of the energy efficiency and environmental impacts of using alternative fuels. Therefore, 57 gulets with round and transom sterns whose hull forms are analyzed, modeled and general characteristics are presented. After modeling, the resistance and effective power of hull forms are predicted using the Holtrop-Mennen method and CFD. The flow characteristics around the hulls are obtained and the results are validated using the previous experimental studies in the first step. Then, installed and computed engine capacities are compared, and the Annual Emission Ratio and Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) are calculated for environmental impact assessments. Finally, the applicability of using LNG or MeOH-fueled propulsion systems for gulet-type yachts is discussed considering energy efficiency and design. According to the results, transitioning to alternative fuels can increase the Energy Efficiency Index of gulet-type yachts by over 20%.
Crack detection in railway axles using continuous monitoring and periodic non-destructive inspection: experimental investigation on a freight wagon using a full-scale roller rig
Authors: Sabbioni Edoardo , Carboni Michele , Tarsitano Davide , Bruni Stefano
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an experimental investigation aimed at assessing the possible use of axle-box acceleration measurements to identify the presence of a transverse crack in railway axles, detecting components of axle vibration occurring at frequencies that are integer multiples of the axle’s frequency of revolution (NxRev components). Experiments were carried out on an instrumented freight wagon equipped with two pre-cracked axles. Cracks were further propagated using a full-scale roller rig in order to reproduce conditions similar to the service ones, while ensuring safety. The size of the cracks during the tests was estimated by a dedicated non-destructive testing procedure based on magnetic particle testing and phased array ultrasonic testing, specifically designed to be simple and ergonomic so as to be suited for the use on the axles installed on the wagon. The results of the experiments confirm the feasibility of detecting a cracked axle by tracking the difference of the 3xRev components of the horizontal axle-box acceleration measured at the two sides of the axle, provided that the running speed of the wagon is at least 70 km/h. The minimum size of a detectable crack is in the order of 11% of the total cross section of the axle, which means that approximately 50% of the size that would lead to the final unstable phase of crack propagation preceding the failure of the axle.
Characterization and application of composite resin of natural rubber latex and polystyrene waste as a binder for water-resistant emulsion paint formulation
Authors: Osemeahon Sunday A , Akinterinwa Ayodele , Fasina Esther , Andrew Fartisincha P , Shagal Mohammed H , Kareem Semiu A , Reuben Usaku , Onyebuchi Patience U , Olubukola Adelagun R , Esenowo David , Aminu Amina
Published: September 2024

Sustainable production of efficient and low-cost coating materials from recycled plastic wastes will have a significant impact on economic advancements in paints and coatings, as well as waste management. Polystyrene waste was reduced to a resin, which was further modified by blending with natural rubber latex (NRL). The recycled polystyrene resin (rPS) and NRL formed homogeneous composite resins (rPS-NRL) blends in various ratios, and the changes in some physicochemical properties of the resins were studied. The rPS-NRL blended in different ratios exhibited higher density (0.83–0.92 g/cm3), refractive index (1.401–1.438), viscosity (935–1287 cP), elongation (5–18 %), and melting point (184°C–217.5°C), as well as lower moisture uptake (1.1–0.88 %) and faster drying time (32–19 min), compared to the rPS resin. Changes in functional, structural, and morphological characteristics of the resins were studied using Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA-DTA). The results indicated molecular interactions between NRL and the rPS resin, which form the basis for the unique physicochemical properties of the composite resin compared with the pristine rPS and NRL resins. White (CaCO3) pigmented emulsion paint produced using the rPS-NRL composite resin as binder was tested in comparison with paint produced using the conventional polyvinyl acetate (PVA) binder, where the rPS-NRL paint exhibits superior properties, including outstanding resistance to water.
A computational framework for aesthetic preferences in architecture using computer vision and artificial neural networks
Authors: Sardenberg Victor , Guatelli Igor , Becker Mirco
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a computational aesthetics framework utilizing computer vision (CV) and artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the aesthetic preferences of groups of people for architecture. It relies on part-to-whole theories from aesthetics and cognitive psychology. A survey of a group of people on preferences of images is held to record an average hedonic response (AHR). CV algorithms MSER and SAM recognize parts in images. Birkhoff’s aesthetic measure formula is adapted by employing the number of parts and their connections. These quantities are used as input layers of an ANN, and the AHR is the target output. The ANN evaluates images to output a predicted hedonic response (PHR), which is tested as a criterion in parametric design space navigation and in mapping the latent space of GANs. We conclude that such a framework is a heuristic method for better understanding the design and latent spaces and exploring designs.
Tracing neoliberal discourse in school documentation. The analysis of educational projects in Barcelona state schools
Authors: Coeli Gianluca , Soler-Masó Pere , Planas-Lladó Anna
Published: September 2024

An extensive literature has been produced to interpret the transformations that have taken place in education as an expression of the expansion of neoliberal rationality in public policies. This study adopts a mixed method, combining quantitative (text mining) and qualitative approaches (computer-assisted discourse analysis), with the aim of determining/verifying/analysing the permeability of the educational projects of state secondary schools in the city of Barcelona with regard to the neoliberal educational paradigm. Taking into account the occurrence of specific node words (such as work, competition, quality, and company), the results highlight the construction of an educational discourse focused on teaching oriented towards the needs of the new labour market, thus allowing schools to become one of the institutions that contribute to shaping a new type of subject: the flexible, emotionally stable, self-enterprising person who always needs to acquire new skills to increase her ‘human capital’.
Perpetual emergency education: Urban refugee education in Thailand is disrupted during the COVID-19
Authors: Akhtar Sheraz , Keeney Patrick
Published: September 2024

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education of Pakistani refugees in Bangkok, Thailand. It also assesses the effectiveness of emergency education (i.e., education in emergencies) provided by international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in meeting the educational needs of refugees. The research focuses on the intersection of the refugee situation and COVID-19 restrictions, exploring how INGOs’ emergency education programs have addressed the needs of refugee children. The study also discusses the challenges faced by refugee children, the ethical implications of INGOs’ emergency education interventions, and the long-term educational prospects of refugee children. It highlights the concept of “perpetual emergency education,” which has created a significant gap between policies and practices. As a result, the study suggests that a more sustainable approach to refugee education is needed, recommending the integration of human rights and development-based education strategies into emergency education. This approach aims to narrow the gap and create a more resilient education system, particularly for urban refugees.
Governance dynamics and local autonomy in large-scale governmental funding: The case of Sweden’s campaign to improve equity
Authors: Rojas Carlos , Wermke Wieland
Published: September 2024

This article analyses the Swedish case of the government’s funding for equity, which annually provides over 600 million euros to improve equity. Being one of the largest funding schemes ever for work towards educational equity it also provides full autonomy for local education authorities (LEAs) to use the money at their discretion. By studying local decisions through interviews and analysing applications and plans in nine cases, we deepen our understanding of governance relations between state, LEAs and schools. Our findings show that funding is used mostly for general purposes, rather than for specific measures to improve equity. Dynamics of governance that mitigate improvements in equity are also found. LEAs take advantage of their position as receivers and distributors of the funding to local schools, deciding what equity is and how to invest in improving it, rather than passing funds to their school units and let them decide on its use.
Pedagogical content knowledge in school economics
Authors: Mizzi Emanuel
Published: September 2024

How can creative teaching in economics education be identified and explored? A construct that assists understanding in this area is pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). It represents the merging of content and pedagogy to understand how particular topics or lessons are organised, represented, and adapted to students’ diverse interests and abilities. This paper draws upon the author's research that explores teaching and learning in school economics to discuss this epistemological concept that blends the traditionally separated knowledge bases of content and pedagogy. The research involved interviewing and observing school economics teachers and student focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. In this paper, I discuss the emergent theme of how teachers communicated their understanding of subject knowledge by developing their PCK to engage their students in learning. The considerations raised can assist lecturers, teachers, teacher educators, and researchers in enacting the teaching and learning process in economics and other disciplines.
Co-occurring Intimate Partner Violence, Mental Health, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Parenting Among Women: A Scoping Review
Authors: Silima Mpho , Christofides Nicola , Franchino-Olsen Hannabeth , Woollett Nataly , Wang Jingying , Ho-Foster Ari , Maleke Kabelo , Meinck Franziska
Published: September 2024

Little research exists on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-intimate partner violence (IPV)-mental health (MH) syndemic impact on parenting. The objective of this scoping review is to identify and summarize the available evidence regarding the syndemic relationship between HIV or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), IPV, and poor MH among mothers and caregivers who identify as women. We conducted the review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted from 2001 to September 2023. The inclusion criteria targeted studies examining at least two of the HIV, IPV, or MH epidemics among participants and their syndemic impact on parenting. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included. Covidence software was used to screen and extract data. Twenty-three studies were included in the analysis. Most of the studies were conducted in the United States. Furthermore, all the studies used quantitative research designs, with most being longitudinal. Most of the research was concentrated on the IPV-MH syndemic with no research found on the HIV-IPV syndemic impact on parenting. Research on the HIV-IPV-MH syndemic found that an HIV diagnosis exacerbated the negative impacts of IPV-MH on parenting. Research on IPV-MH showed that this syndemic significantly influences parenting, leading to less nurturing and more punitive behaviors. Studies did not find a direct association between IPV and harsh parenting practices, the relationship was mediated by poor MH. Studies examining the HIV-MH syndemic found that anxiety and maternal depression were the most frequent MH disorders. The review revealed that living with the different syndemics, (IPV-MH-HIV, HIV-MH, and IPV-MH) adversely affects parenting practices, resulting in harsher parenting.
Who Is Considered a Potential Victim, Perpetrator, or Bystander? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Research Evaluating Gender-Specific Campus Sexual Assault Prevention Programs Implemented in the United States
Authors: Kettrey Heather Hensman , Thompson Martie P. , Marx Robert A. , Davis Alyssa J.
Published: September 2024

Campus sexual assault is a problem that overwhelmingly affects cisgender women and transgender, genderqueer/questioning, and nonbinary (TGQN) students. Yet, students of any gender may be perpetrators or victims of assault. Thus, it is important that prevention programs incorporate a range of scenarios that depict different genders as both perpetrators and victims, while also acknowledging the differential risk between gender groups. Gender-specific programming is one way of achieving this goal. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we synthesized studies evaluating campus sexual assault prevention programs implemented with specified gender groups in the United States. Through a comprehensive literature search, we identified 38 studies that met eligibility criteria and were disseminated through 2021 ( N = 22 women’s studies; N = 16 men’s studies; N = 0 TGQN studies). Programs overwhelmingly portrayed women as victims and men as perpetrators or bystanders while largely ignoring experiences of TGQN students. A greater proportion of women’s programs included risk reduction content that relayed tactics participants may use to avoid victimization. A greater proportion of men’s programs included bystander content that emphasized ways participants may stop others from committing sexual assault. Women’s programs had a small but significant and favorable effect on victimization, but studies evaluating these programs did not measure perpetration outcomes. Men’s programs had a non-significant effect on perpetration but victimization outcomes were not measured. Gender-specific prevention programming should begin to reflect the differential risks of perpetration and victimization across gender identities, and the effects of this program content should be rigorously evaluated.
A Scoping Review of Intimate Partner Violence Research in Canada
Authors: Wathen C. Nadine , MacGregor Jennifer C.D. , Burd Caitlin , Naeemzadah Najibullah , Ogunpitan Yetunde A. , Canie Jaimeson
Published: September 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is at epidemic levels across low-, middle-, and high-income countries, including Canada, where recent lifetime prevalence indicated that over 40% of women had IPV experiences. In response to this, Canada’s federal government has made investments toward IPV prevention and response. We conducted a scoping review of English and French literature identified through searches of multiple databases and specific journals to assess the current state of IPV research in Canada. A total of 267 articles met inclusion criteria of being peer-reviewed research primarily about IPV in either French or English published from 2020 to 2022 with at least one Canadian-affiliated author. Almost a third of studies described services for survivors but did not evaluate service effectiveness. We noted a significant gap in research on the IPV experiences of gender and/or sexual minorities. Canada’s federal social science research funding agency was the most common funder, with the two federal government departments with specific IPV funding initiatives in place cited as funding less than 6% of included studies. In general, there remains an overfocus on IPV epidemiology and on descriptions of service use, and not enough research examining the effectiveness and implementation of interventions, especially grounded in theoretical, gendered, and trauma- and violence-informed frameworks. Funders and researchers are encouraged to consider moving resources from ongoing description of well-established factors to assessment and implementation of evidence-informed interventions, and, crucially, primary prevention of IPV and all forms of gender-based violence.
ChatGPTest: Opportunities and Cautionary Tales of Utilizing AI for Questionnaire Pretesting
Authors: Olivos Francisco , Liu Minhui
Published: September 2024

The rapid advancements in generative artificial intelligence have opened new avenues for enhancing various aspects of research, including the design and evaluation of survey questionnaires. However, the recent pioneering applications have not considered questionnaire pretesting. This article explores the use of GPT models as a useful tool for pretesting survey questionnaires, particularly in the early stages of survey design. Illustrated with two applications, the article suggests incorporating GPT feedback as an additional stage before human pretesting, potentially reducing successive iterations. The article also emphasizes the indispensable role of researchers’ judgment in interpreting and implementing AI-generated feedback.
Serena, Simone, and Semenya: After 50 Years, the Past, Present, and Future of Title IX
Authors: Giddings Lisa A.
Published: September 2024

This article reviews the origins and amendments to Title IX, its effects on girls and women in sports and beyond, as well as men and male sports in the United States. It goes on to explore current issues facing the law including intersex, nonbinary, and transgender athletes as well as recent regulatory attempts to balance fairness and inclusiveness in the legislation such as its effect on women of color, and equal pay in professional sports.
Experimental study on protective performance of ACF sandwich composites with different configurations in high-velocity impact
Authors: Yu Xu-Hua , Liu Wen-Wu , Huang Guo-Yang , Fang Yi-Qun , Xu Jia-Jun
Published: September 2024

The design of impact protective gear is crucial to human safety against high-velocity impacts from explosions. The rigid and flexible foam sandwich composites with ACF foam as the core and fiber-reinforced composite panels or high-performance fabrics as front/back panel materials were selected in this study. Hopkinson pressure bar experiment was conducted to assess the dynamic response, energy absorption, and dissipation rates of two types of composites in high-velocity impact. The effects of the number of structural layers, front/back panel thickness gradient, and panel material type on the protective performance were examined. The results demonstrated that the three-layer structure presented better protection and increased the energy absorption rate by 5% compared to the five-layer configuration in rigid and flexible composites. Thickness gradient and material type of panels had minimal impact on the protective performance of rigid composites compared to structural layers. Adding Kevlar layers to flexible composites improved protection, with 95.89% energy absorption and 31.82% energy dissipation at a core thickness of 8 mm. These insights guide the development of advanced impact protection materials to elevate personnel safety against high-velocity impacts.
Rising Authoritarian Practice in Early Childhood Curriculum: A Case Study
Authors: Michael-Luna Sara Christina , Castner Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

Amid the ideological shift from democratic neoliberalism to authoritarian neoliberalism, spearheaded by right-wing Christian nationalists, early childhood educational policy has become a weapon in the “culture war” in many parts of the United States. Neoliberalism has outgrown the constraints of democracy and is being supplanted with nihilistic views on science and knowledge and leaning toward authoritarianism. This is evidenced in a tidal wave of local and state-based educational policy, which restricts individual freedom of expression and access to knowledge while sabotaging government accountability and transparency. However, a practical approach is to observe how local authoritarianism, within the bounds of a recognized democracy, is lacking. The recent surge of early childhood educational policy in right-wing (historically conservative) states in the United States creates an opportunity to understand what values, norms, and knowledge are reified or restricted in the policies that govern early childhood curriculum policy and curriculum. Using a critical discourse analysis in a case study methodology, we shed light on authoritarian practices in early childhood curriculum policy and practice in Florida during the 2021–2024 legislative sessions. The case study examines the implications of educational reform policies for early childhood social studies curriculum to address two questions: How are dominant discourses in early childhood curriculum in Florida changing to reflect a shifting regime of truth? How are authoritarian practices used in Florida’s early childhood education policy system of curriculum evaluation and selection restricting knowledge, limiting critique, and reducing meaningful accountability of government policymakers and technocrats to policy stakeholders, including children, teachers, and parents?
The Antimicrobial Peptide Merecidin Inhibit the Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Obstructing EMT via miR-30d-5p/Vimentin
Authors: Ma Fei , Song Jinxuan , He Min , Wang Xiuqing
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the inhibitory effect of antimicrobial peptide merecidin on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the mechanism of inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) by regulating miR-30d-5p/vimentin. Methods: TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) were treated with merecidin to assess proliferation, migration, invasion ability, and EMT. Confocal laser localization was used to examine the role of merecidin and TNBC cells. The relationship between merecidin and miR-30d-5p was determined through RT-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter gene, and the relationship between merecidin and vimentin was verified through pulling down the experiment. The effects of miR-30d-5p on the migration and invasion ability of TNBC cells were confirmed through scratch and transwell experiments. Vimentin levels, tumor volume, shape, size, and weight were observed in the MDA-MB-231 subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice. Results: merecidin inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of TNBC cells. merecidin was primarily located in the cytoplasm of TNBC cells, and the expression of miR-30d-5p was low in TNBC cells. merecidin significantly up-regulated the expression of miR-30d-5p. miR-30d-5p negatively regulated vimentin. merecidin could bind to vimentin in vitro. miR-30d-5p inhibited the migration and invasion ability of TNBC cells, while vimentin promoted their migration and invasion ability. Down-regulation of miR-30d-5p or overexpression of vimentin partially counteracted the inhibitory effects of merecidin on TNBC cell migration, invasion ability, and EMT. In nude mouse tumor models, merecidin significantly suppressed tumor growth. Conclusion: Merecidin effectively blocks the EMT process and inhibits the migration and invasion of TNBC cells by regulating miR-30d-5p/vimentin.
Plotting the Blank Space Among Leadership, Job Crafting, and Career Development: An Integrative Review and Future Agendas for HRD
Authors: Kim Kyung Nam , Yoon Seung Won
Published: September 2024

While leadership undeniably holds a substantial influence on subordinates’ work behaviors and career trajectories, the comprehensive exploration of these dynamics has remained limited. This integrative review aims to fill this gap by collectively examining the interplay among organizational leadership, employee job crafting, and career development. Our study analyzes and synthesizes findings from 47 selected empirical studies and presents an integrated model that suggests for the expansion of the current research landscape. This review further serves as a valuable guide for human resource development (HRD) professionals and practitioners. It also provides insights for designing effective approaches that enable leaders to fulfill crucial roles in facilitating employee job crafting and career development within organizational contexts.
Effectiveness of the Traditional Japanese Medicine Goshajinkigan in Preventing Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Multicenter Randomized Comparative Trial
Authors: Matsumura Yukiko , Futagami Masayuki , Baba Tsukasa , Soeda Shu , Watari Hidemichi , Terada Yukihiro , Tokunaga Hideki , Nagase Satoru , Nakanishi Toru , Kaiho Michiko , Yokoyama Yoshihito
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) poses significant challenges in cancer treatment, often leading to dose reductions or treatment discontinuation. Goshajinkigan (GJG), a traditional Japanese medicine, has shown promise for alleviating CIPN symptoms. This multicenter, randomized controlled trial aimed to prospectively examine the efficacy of GJG in preventing paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Methods:

This study enrolled 55 patients with ovarian cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy using paclitaxel and carboplatin. The participants were randomized into Groups A (GJG initiation after onset of grade 2 neuropathy) and B (prophylactic administration of GJG from 1 week before chemotherapy). The primary endpoints were the proportion with a maximum sensory neuropathy grade and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. The secondary endpoints were the rate of chemotherapy completion and paclitaxel dose reduction due to neurotoxicity.

Results:

Prophylactic GJG administration (Group B) resulted in significant benefits. While both groups had a similar incidence of grade 2 sensory neuropathy, all patients in Group B with grade 2 neuropathy completed treatment without requiring additional analgesics. Group B exhibited lower VAS scores by the end of the study, reduced reliance on adjuvant analgesics (27.3% vs 66.7% in Group A), and significantly less frequent persistent CIPN 6 months post-chemotherapy (18.2% vs 55.6% in Group A). No differences were observed in the chemotherapy completion rates or CIPN-related changes between the groups.

Conclusion:

GJG, when administered prophylactically, showed potential for mitigating CIPN symptoms during paclitaxel chemotherapy. While promising, further research with placebo controls and objective measures is essential to comprehensively validate these findings.
Bow Hunter Phenomenon From Advanced Cerebrovascular Disease Treated With Subclavian Artery Stenting and Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Dong Henry W. , Ghahremani Jacob S. , Singh Rana S. Shamtej , Safran Brent A. , Lau David L. , Brewer Michael B.
Published: September 2024

Bow Hunter syndrome (BHS) is a rare disorder characterized by mechanical occlusion of the vertebral artery (VA) during neck rotation, resulting in symptomatic, transient, and positional vertebrobasilar insufficiency. We describe a case of a 76-year-old female who presented with dizziness and right ear tinnitus triggered by right head rotation. Her symptoms would immediately resolve upon returning her head to the neutral position. CT angiogram showed 80% stenosis of the left subclavian artery origin, 50%–70% stenosis of the proximal right internal carotid artery (ICA), and near occlusive stenoses of the origins of the bilateral VAs. After failing conservative management, the patient was treated with left subclavian artery stenting, followed by a right carotid endarterectomy (CEA) 6 weeks later. Follow-up at 1 month showed resolution of paroxysmal symptoms and no neurological sequelae. To our knowledge, there have not yet been reported cases of patients with concurrent BHS, subclavian artery stenosis, and carotid artery stenosis. We suggest that global revascularization via subclavian artery stenting and CEA may be considered as treatment for patients with BHS complicated by other cerebrovascular disease secondary to stenoses of the ICA and subclavian artery. This approach obviates the need for more complex surgery or endovascular intervention of the VA.