bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vinasse and zinc complex on the yield, crude protein, and gluten of winter wheat
Authors: Vámos Ottília , Szakál Tamás , Hanusz Pólyáné Borbála , Varga Zoltán
Published: August 2024

The primary goal of agricultural production is to produce adequate quantity and quality of crops. One crucial aspect of this is providing the appropriate nutrients to plants. In recent times, there has been a growing emphasis on replenishing micronutrients beside macronutrients, as essential microelements, although in smaller quantities, are indispensable for the cultivation of our crops. In our three-year smallplot experiments, the effect of two foliar fertilizers, Vinasse, which is a byproduct of alcohol production, and a zinc complex on the yield, crude protein, and gluten content of winter wheat, was investigated. The effects of these formulations when applied as foliar fertilizers separately and together, at doses of 50, 100, 250 and 500 l/ha for Vinasse and 0.5 kg/ha for zinc complex, were examined. Based on the results of the small-plot experiments set up in the fall of 2020 and 2021 and harvested in the summer of 2021 and 2022, it can be concluded that using Vinasse + zinc complex treatments a higher yield and better content indicators were achieved compared to the control plots. The highest dose of Vinasse (500 l/ha) + zinc complex (0.5 kg/ha) had the greatest positive effect on yield values.
Influence of seed rate and row spacing across on two different maturity groups of sorghum grain yield and quality characteristics
Authors: Szemerits Balázs , Kukorelli Gábor , Molnár Zoltán
Published: August 2024

The goal of this resesrch is to develop cultivation practices that optimize the economical cultivation of sorghum, taking into account current environmental factors., by determining the optimal seeding rate and row spacing for two different maturity groups of sorghum hybrids, RGT Icebergg (early) and RGT Huggo (mid-early). In this context, we examine the maximum achievable yield and quality characteristics. The experiment involved different plant densities: 210,000, 240,000, 270,000, and 300,000 plants/ha, and three different row spacings: 25, 45, and 76 cm. Through conducted experiments, significant differences have been observed in harvest moisture content, hectoliter weight, protein content, head size, and plant height. Significant differences were observed in the average number of head per square meter. Although similar average protein levels were measured for different genotypes, there were differences in their stability. Increasing row spacing decreased hectoliter weight, while increasing seeding rates increased it. Harvest moisture content was significantly higher with wider row spacings, while increasing plant density resulted in a slight decrease in moisture content. Looking at the average of the tested hybrids, the row spacing of 45 cm and the number of seed of 300,000 plants/ha are the most ideal combination to achieve the yield.
Sustainability reporting practices of agricultural and forestry companies in Hungary: A content analysis
Authors: Hegyi Judit , Troján Szabolcs , MiklósnéVarga Anita , Gombkötő Nóra , Kacz Károly
Published: August 2024

To demonstrate the sustainability of companies, some companies have already produced sustainability reports, most of which have been published on their websites, while others have only produced and made public the reports and certifications required by law. In the European Union, legislation as of 2014 required the preparation of non-financial reports for publicly relevant entities, companies and parent companies of large groups of companies considered to be entities and having an average number of employees of more than 500. However, in line with the European Green Deal and the Taxonomy Regulation, as of 2023, a new law has been introduced, which extends the sustainability reporting obligation to nonpublic large companies and public small and medium-sized enterprises. Agricultural enterprises should also be prepared for this reporting obligation. This study aims to examine the ESG indices of the sampled companies and seek a correlation between the quality of the information disclosed and the financial characteristics of the companies. The results show that while forestry companies pay more attention to the disclosure of this type of information, there is some under-disclosure in both sectors.
Antioxidant dynamics in Cajanus cajan (L.) and Melaleuca leucadendra (L.): From plants to nanoparticles
Authors: Serang Yithro , Chen Chang-Nan , Lee Meng-Jen
Published: August 2024

This study marks a significant stride in nanotechnology, particularly in catalyst development, focusing on magnesium oxide nanoparticles and plant extracts from Cajanus cajan (L.) and Melaleuca leucadendra (L.), noted for their antioxidant properties. We aimed to unravel how these substances, both as traditional extracts and as nanoparticles, perform in various applications due to their antioxidant potential. Utilizing DPPH and FRAP assays, the research revealed that Ascorbic acid consistently exhibited strong antioxidant capabilities, serving as a reliable benchmark. Interestingly, Cajanus cajan (L.) and M. leucadendra (L.) extracts varied in their antioxidant effectiveness. A key finding was the pronounced increase in antioxidant efficacy when these extracts, particularly from Cajanus cajan (L.), were transformed into nanoparticles, as reflected in elevated FRAP values. This observation underscores the potential of nanoparticles to significantly enhance the effectiveness of plant extracts. The implications of this advancement are far-reaching, opening new avenues in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for developing therapeutic agents and antioxidant-rich foods. This research contributes notably to pharmaceutical sciences, emphasizing the vital role of nanoparticle technology in enhancing the antioxidant qualities of plant-based substances. It lays a solid foundation for further exploration into the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle-mediated improvements, offering valuable insights into the application of nanotechnology in health and nutrition.
The use of biostimulant microalgae to influence the growth and development of ornamental plants
Authors: Németh Attila , Horváth Nándor , Katona Szabina , Kerekes Gábor , Molnár Zoltán
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the use of biostimulant microalgae, known for their bioactive compounds. Understanding the positive impacts of biostimulants is essential for future applications. Research conducted in the Department of Plant Sciences at the Széchenyi István University has revealed that algae produce plant hormones and possess beneficial properties that influence the water, soil and plant systems. The effects of microalgae on various ornamental plants are being studied with a focus on improving root and general plant development. The methodology involves testing different algae extracts in ornamental plants in controlled environments. Data collection includes measuring plant height, leaf and bud numbers, chlorophyll content and other plant parameters through laboratory and destructive tests. The results indicate positive changes in plant parameters after treatments with biostimulant microalgae. In conclusion, biostimulant microalgae offer a promising and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals in the cultivation of ornamental plants. Continued research and innovation in this field is crucial to realise the full potential of biostimulants in sustainable agriculture.
Polynomial bounds for the solutions of parametric transmission problems on smooth, bounded domains
Authors: Labrunie Simon , Mohsen Hassan , Nistor Victor
Published: August 2024

We consider a \emph{family} $(P_\omega)_{\omega \in \Omega}$ of elliptic second order
differential operators on a domain $U_0 \subset \RR^m$ whose coefficients depend on the space variable $x \in U_0$ and on $\omega \in \Omega,$ a parameter space. We allow the coefficients $a_{ij}$ of $P_\omega$ to have jumps over a fixed interface $\Gamma \subset U_0$ (independent of $\omega \in \Omega$). We obtain estimates on the norm of the solution $u_\omega$ to the equation $P_\omega u_\omega = f$ with transmission and mixed boundary conditions that are \emph{polynomial in the norms of the coefficients}. In particular, we show that, if $f$ and the coefficients $a_{ij}$ are smooth enough and follow a log-normal-type distribution, then the map $\Omega \ni \omega \to \|u_\omega\|_{H^{k+1}(U_0)}$
is in $L^p(\Omega)$, for all $1 \le p < \infty$. The same is true for the norms of the inverses
of the resulting operators. We also obtain similar integrability results for the
parametric Finite Element approximations of the solution. We expect our estimates to be useful in
Uncertainty Quantification.
Effect of Load Variations on The Static Stress and Fatigue Life Estimation of Crane Hook Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Wibawa Lasinta Ari Nendra
Published: August 2024

The crane hook is one of the critical components of a crane that functions to lift objects from one place to another. This equipment is often used for the assembly process of rocket motors. This study aims to examine the effect of load variations on the static stress and fatigue life estimation of Crane Hook. The analysis was carried out using the finite element method with the help of the Ansys Workbench software. Loads of crane hook were varied 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 Ton. The type of loading is full-reserved, the type of analysis is stress life, and the theory used is the Gerber mean stress theory. The material used is Al 6061-T6. Static stress simulation results show that the crane hook can withstand dynamic loads of up to 10 Tons because it has a safety factor of more than 2, to be exact 2.03. The fatigue life simulation results show that the hook crane fails to reach a fatigue life of 1 million cycles at a load of 10 Tons.
Seam C1A2 Group coal rank analysis in East Meranti PIT, Katanjung Village, Kapuas Regency based on proximate values
Authors: Wowiling Ireine Ester , Permana Aang Panji , Hutagalung Ronal , Sagita Galih , Lakoy Frangky Friyanto
Published: August 2024

Coal is an organic rock originating from plant matter that undergoes decomposition (diagenesis/biochemical process), increasing carbon (C) content, calorific value, and rank. Kalimantan Island is one of the islands with the largest coal reserves, reaching 19.27 billion tons. The research area is located at the PT Sembilan Tiga Perdana coal mining site in Katanjung Village, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The research area covers an area of approximately 1.1 hectares and is situated about 38 km east of Kuala Kurun, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan. This research aims to analyze the coal rank of the C1A2 seam group at East Meranti Pit, Katanjung Village, Kapuas Regency, based on proximate values. The research methodology consists of direct field surveys and laboratory methods. Field surveys include surface and subsurface surveys, while laboratory methods comprise petrological and proximate analyses. The determination of coal rank refers to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) classification. The results and discussion of the research indicate the presence of one anthropogenic geomorphological unit. The research stratigraphy consists of two units: laminated sandstone unit and interbedded sandstone-claystone unit. The lineament pattern trends north-south direction. The calculated calorific value of the C1A2 seam group coal is 13,388 btu/lb, categorizing it as high-volatile B bituminous coal.
The importance of final record data (as built data) of infrastructure built in the Indonesia’s new capital
Authors: Widiyanto Wahyu , Susanto Hery Awan , Hermanto Nor Intang Setyo , Suroso  , Saputro Dani Nugroho , Panwanitdumrong Kansinee
Published: August 2024

The new capital of Indonesia, which is currently under construction, has several major frameworks that underlie its development vision. One of them is to become a modern city with international standards that is progressive, innovative and competitive in various aspects, such as technology, architecture, urban planning and social issues. Apart from that, IKN will also be equipped with world-class infrastructure and connected to various other international city centers. The infrastructure that is built will then function over a period of time. In the future, this infrastructure will need maintenance, repair, and possibly replacement. These activities often require initial data when the infrastructure was built. If infrastructure repair activities are carried out far from the time of construction, it is often difficult to find the necessary data. This article discusses the importance of having final recorded data (as built data) available for infrastructure that has just been built so that in the future there will be no difficulties in rehabilitation and renovation activities. The study was carried out by taking old infrastructure assessment cases as examples, namely the plan to replace the Ketenger power plant penstock which is 84 years old and the rehabilitation plan for the Pelus River Bridge which is 52 years old. Both are located around a city that is not too big, namely Purwokerto, however, they can be used as a reference in developing the concept of as-built data which can be said to be a development of as-built drawings which have long been known in the world of construction. To support this concept, it is necessary to use the latest technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, internet of things, virtual reality and other technologies.
Introduction: explaining the far-right over the longue durée through capital, race and space
Authors: Saull Richard
Published: August 2024

In this forum introduction I outline the core argument of my book, Capital, Race, and Space (CRS) and its main empirical substance, and then I address how and why I came to write it and how the argument is important for considering the state of the world today. The two volumes of CRS provide the first international historical sociology of Western far-right movements from their emergence in the second half of the nineteenth century up until the far-right upsurge after the 2007–8 North Atlantic financial crisis.
L-type Ca
2+
channel activation of STIM1–Orai1 signaling remodels the dendritic spine ER to maintain long-term structural plasticity
Authors: Dittmer Philip J. , Dell’Acqua Mark L.
Published: August 2024

Learning and memory require coordinated structural and functional plasticity at neuronal glutamatergic synapses located on dendritic spines. Here, we investigated how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) controls postsynaptic Ca
2+
signaling and long-term potentiation of dendritic spine size, i.e., sLTP that accompanies functional strengthening of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. In most ER-containing (ER+) spines, high-frequency optical glutamate uncaging (HFGU) induced long-lasting sLTP that was accompanied by a persistent increase in spine ER content downstream of a signaling cascade engaged by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), L-type Ca
2+
channels (LTCCs), and Orai1 channels, the latter being activated by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in response to ER Ca
2+
release. In contrast, HFGU stimulation of ER-lacking (ER−) spines expressed only transient sLTP and exhibited weaker Ca
2+
signals noticeably lacking Orai1 and ER contributions. Consistent with spine ER regulating structural metaplasticity, delivery of a second stimulus to ER− spines induced ER recruitment along with persistent sLTP, whereas ER+ spines showed no additional increases in size or ER content in response to sequential stimulation. Surprisingly, the physical interaction between STIM1 and Orai1 induced by ER Ca
2+
release, but not the resulting Ca
2+
entry through Orai1 channels, proved necessary for the persistent increases in both spine size and ER content required for expression of long-lasting late sLTP.
Multiple Soliton Asymptotics in a Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensate
Authors: Lan 兰 Zhong-Zhou 中周
Published: August 2024

Spinor Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) are formed when atoms in the multi-component BECs possess single hyperfine spin states but retain internal spin degrees of freedom. This study concentrates on a (1+1)-dimensional three-couple Gross–Pitaevskii system to depict the macroscopic spinor BEC waves within the mean-field approximation. Regarding the distribution of the atoms corresponding to the three vertical spin projections, a known binary Darboux transformation is utilized to derive the N matter-wave soliton solutions and triple-pole matter-wave soliton solutions on the zero background, where N is a positive integer. For those multiple matter-wave solitons, the asymptotic analysis is performed to obtain the algebraic expressions of the soliton components in the N matter-wave solitons and triple-pole matter-wave solitons. The asymptotic results indicate that the matter-wave solitons in the spinor BECs possess the property of maintaining their energy content and coherence during the propagation and interactions. Particularly, in the N matter-wave solitons, each soliton component contributes to the phase shifts of the other soliton components; and in the triple-pole matter-wave solitons, stable attractive forces exist between the different matter-wave soliton components. Those multiple matter-wave solitons are graphically illustrated through three-dimensional plots, density plot and contour plot, which are consistent with the asymptotic analysis results. The present analysis may provide the explanations for the complex natural mechanisms of the matter waves in the spinor BECs, and may have potential applications in designs of atom lasers, atom interferometry and coherent atom transport.
Single-crystal silicon ablation with temporally delayed femtosecond laser double-pulse trains
Authors: Fan Zhengjie , Yi Liangtian , Lv Jing , Wang Wenjun , Li Guoji , Cui Jianlei
Published: August 2024

A double-pulse femtosecond laser is used to process single-crystal silicon. Modulating the delay time was discovered to increase the ablation depth and improve the morphology of the ablated surface. The hole fabricated by a dual-pulse with a 200 ps interval is 24.4% deeper than that created by a single pulse of the same energy. Moreover, utilizing a dual pulse with an interval ranging from 100 to 1000 ps produces a considerably smoother ablation area as compared to the single pulse. The effect of the sub-pulse energy ratio of the double-pulse femtosecond laser on the size and morphology of the ablated area was also investigated. As the sub-pulse energy ratio decreases from 3:1 to 1:3, the size of the ablation area initially decreases and then increases, while the size of the ablation area is minimized when the sub-pulse ratio is 1:1, enabling precise control over the machining size. As the energy of the second sub-pulse increases, the ablation area becomes smoother due to the plasma heating of the double-pulse femtosecond laser.
Developing a BIM based digital twin system for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure
Authors: Li Xiao , Dong Yu-Xia , Xiang Wei
Published: August 2024

The utilization of building information modeling (BIM) within digital technology facilitates the creation of three-dimensional representations for monitoring data in large-scale civil infrastructure. In response to the need for intelligent structural management, this study establishes a structural health monitoring (SHM) system and foundational framework based on digital twins. This framework integrates information from various sources and facilitates collaborative efforts for structural operation and maintenance. Additionally, the SHM system integrates actual monitoring measurements and early warning mechanisms to consolidate multi-source monitoring data with BIM. Through real-time analysis, the system provides insights into the operational status of bridges, capturing geometric, physical, and performance evolution characteristics. To construct the system, engineering challenges are initially digitized, with appropriate sensors deployed on real bridge structures to monitor dynamic (acceleration) and static (strain, displacement) physical information during bridge operation. Subsequently, through wireless communication and data storage technologies, the monitored physical data serves as input for mode identification and early warning algorithms, facilitating the acquisition of structural performance information. Finally, three-dimensional display technology enables real-time calculation and rendering of BIM models, fostering the exchange and interaction of monitoring and BIM information, thus enhancing the intelligence of SHM system.
Time-domain velocimetry via femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging
Authors: Carter Douglas W , Beresh Steven J
Published: August 2024

The application is explored of a linear photodiode array with femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) to determine the streamwise velocity of flow at Mach 8 in the Sandia hypersonic wind tunnel. Incident light emitted by nitrogen gas upon FLEET excitation is collected by intensifying optics that amplify and transmit the light to the photodiode elements as the gas advects downstream. In contrast to previous studies that track FLEET lines utilizing image sensors to measure the line displacement in space, instead for the first time the time-delay between the initial excitation and convection to the measurement location is used to determine the velocity temporally.
The fabrication of a thin film CoO-poly(1H-pyrrole)/poly(1H-pyrrole) p-type photocathode with intercalated chloride ions inside the polymer chains for the green hydrogen generation without sacrificing agent
Authors: Rabia Mohamed , Aldosari Eman , Fernández S , Moussa Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

This study proposes an innovative solution to the challenges associated with hydrogen (H2) gas generation by introducing a novel composite material composed of CoO-Co2O3-P1HP/P1HP. This composite is synthesized in a single step through the direct reaction of Co(NO3)2 with pyrrole. The resulting composite exhibits promising morphological characteristics, featuring small particle sizes of approximately 150 nm and notable porosity. This intricate porosity has a great role in facilitating the penetration of photons, enabling effective light absorption throughout the material. Moreover, the composite demonstrates exceptional optical properties, displaying high absorbance across the optical spectrum up to 830 nm, coupled with an optimal bandgap of 1.35 eV. Utilizing this composite as a photocathode in a fabricated three-electrode cell, the study explores the conversion of natural Red Sea water into H2 gas. The selection of this water as the electrolyte offers several advantages, including its cost-effectiveness, ready availability, and natural self-sacrificing properties. Experimental testing of the photocathode involves subjecting it to various optical conditions, including varying single photon energies and frequencies. Under white light, the photocathode exhibits a promising Jph value of −0.17 mA.cm−2, surpassing the Jo value of −0.03 mA.cm−2. This comprehensive evaluation provides insights into the performance of the photocathode under different illumination conditions. Furthermore, the study holds promise for commercial applications, as it presents a pathway for the large-scale conversion of Red Sea water into H2 gas, with a production rate of 10 μmole h−1.10 cm2. The availability of H2 gas as a clean and sustainable energy source holds significant potential for addressing energy needs in residential and remote areas, offering a viable alternative to conventional energy sources.
Sensitivity and reliability assessment of pocket doped NCFET based dielectrically modulated biosensor considering steric hindrance effects
Authors: Malvika  , Talukdar Jagritee , Choudhuri Bijit , Mummaneni Kavicharan
Published: August 2024

The paper explores the biosensing investigation of Highly Doped Double Pocket Double Gate Negative Capacitance Field Effect Transistor (HDDP-DG-NCFET) for the potent and label free detection of bio-molecules. The biosensing figure of merits (FoMs) such as threshold voltage sensitivity (∆Vth), ON–OFF current ratio sensitivity (∆ION/IOFF), intrinsic gain, drain current sensitivity (SId) and transconductance (gm) are computed for HDDP-DG-NCFET based biosensor. The study considers neutral, negatively (–NBio) and positively (+NBio) charged biomolecules at different dielectric materials such as air (ε
k = 1), 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) (ε
k = 3.57), zein (ε
k = 5), keratin (ε
k = 8) and gelatin (ε
k = 12) at the immobilization layer. Additionally, an extensive analysis of a partially filled nanocavity triggered by steric hindrance has been presented to encompass the real-world situation and to comprehend the non-ideal behavior of biosensor. Various scenarios of partly occupied nano-cavities as well as asymmetric probe insertion have been accounted. The significant biosensing metrics such as ∆Vth, ∆ION/IOFF and SId are calculated and have ensuing values as 188 mV, 3 × 104 and 138, respectively. In addition, the maximum SID for fully filled nano-cavities (FF = 100%) in the existence of +NBio and -NBio (±5 × 1012) are 194 and 170, respectively for HDDP-DG-NCFET based biosensor. Finally, to illustrate the outstanding sensitivity of the proposed biosensor, various sensitivity metrics of the HDDP-DG-NCFET are compared to the sensitivities of cutting-edge biosensors which demonstrate HDDP-DG-NCFET as a potential contender for label free biosensor applications.
Design and implement a nested coexisting multi-vortex hyperchaotic system with multiple stability memristors
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Xinghao
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a nested coexisting multi-vortex hyperchaotic system based on memristors. Analysis of the system’s equilibrium points, Lyapunov exponents and bifurcations, coexisting attractors, complexity, etc. The system has infinitely many equilibrium points, and the number of system vortices can be expanded with parameters. The most significant feature of this system is the existence of nested coexisting attractors and mega-stability phenomena. Additionally, it exhibits phenomena of homogeneous multi-stability, heterogeneous multi-stability, and extreme multi-stability. Further analysis was conducted on the relationship between these phenomena and the basins of attraction. Under certain parameters, the system (6) exhibits burst oscillations, transient chaos, and intermittent chaos, demonstrating diverse dynamic characteristics. To verify the feasibility of the system theory, design and build a simulation circuit using Multisim, and implement digital circuit simulation on FPGA. By realizing analog and digital circuits, further broaden its application value. Finally, the system is applied to adaptive synchronization and anti-synchronization. Simulation results indicate that the time required for achieving complete synchronization or complete anti-synchronization is shorter. This significant reduction in synchronization and anti-synchronization time not only enhances the system’s operational efficiency and performance but also strengthens its adaptability, thus carrying important theoretical and practical value for system applications.
BBN catalysis by doubly charged particles
Authors: Akhmedov Evgeny , Pospelov Maxim
Published: August 2024

We consider primordial nucleosynthesis in the presence of hypothetical
quasi-stable doubly charged particles. Existence of X
–– with
macroscopic lifetimes will lead to the formation of its bound states with
4He and other
light elements, significantly facilitating the subsequent
formation of lithium nuclei. From observational constraints on maximum
allowable amount of lithium, that we update in this work, we derive
strong constraints on the abundance and lifetime of X
––. In a
likely cosmological freeze-out scenario with temperatures initially
exceeding the mass of X
––, the BBN constrains the lifetime of these
particles to be less than about 100 seconds. For parametrically long
lifetimes, lithium abundance data constrain X
–– abundance to be less
than 10-9
relative to protons, regardless of whether these particles
decay or remain stable. Stable particles could saturate the dark matter
density only if their mass is comparable to or in excess of
1010 GeV, and most of X
–– will be found in bound states with
beryllium nuclei, so that chemically they would appear as abnormally
heavy helium isotopes.
Preheating with deep learning
Authors: Yoon Jong-Hyun , Cléry Simon , Gross Mathieu , Mambrini Yann
Published: August 2024

We apply deep learning techniques to the late-time turbulent regime in a post-inflationary model where a real scalar inflaton field and the standard model Higgs doublet interact with renormalizable couplings between them. After inflation, the inflaton decays into the Higgs through a trilinear coupling and the Higgs field subsequently thermalizes with gauge bosons via its SU(2)×U(1) gauge interaction. Depending on the strength of the trilinear interaction and the Higgs self-coupling, the effective mass squared of Higgs can become negative, leading to the tachyonic production of Higgs particles. These produced Higgs particles would then share their energy with gauge bosons, potentially indicating thermalization. Since the model entails different non-perturbative effects, it is necessary to resort to numerical and semi-classical techniques. However, simulations require significant costs in terms of time and computational resources depending on the model used. Particularly, when SU(2) gauge interactions are introduced, this becomes evident as the gauge field redistributes particle energies through rescattering processes, leading to an abundance of UV modes that disrupt simulation stability. This necessitates very small lattice spacings, resulting in exceedingly long simulation runtimes. Furthermore, the late-time behavior of preheating dynamics exhibits a universal form by wave kinetic theory. Therefore, we analyze patterns in the flow of particle numbers and predict future behavior using CNN-LSTM (Convolutional Neural Network combined with Long Short-Term Memory) time series analysis. In this way, we can reduce our dependence on simulations by orders of magnitude in terms of time and computational resources.
Nonreciprocal mechanical entanglement in a spinning optomechanical system
Authors: Chen 陈 Shan-Shan 珊珊 , Zhang 张 Jing-Jing 京京 , Li 李 Jia-Neng 嘉能 , Zhang 张 Na-Na 娜娜 , Guo 郭 Yong-Rui 永瑞 , Yang 杨 Huan 桓
Published: August 2024

Quantum entanglement between distant massive mechanical oscillators is an important resource in sensitive measurements and quantum information processing. We achieve the nonreciprocal mechanical entanglement in a compound optomechanical device consisting of two mechanical oscillators and a spinning whispering-gallery mode (WGM) optical microresonator. It is found that obvious nonreciprocal mechanical entanglement emerges in this system in the presence of the Sagnac effect which is induced by the rotation of the WGM resonator, and the nonreciprocal region can be controlled by tuning the angular velocity of the rotation. The nonreciprocity originates from the breaking of the time-reversal symmetry of this multimode system due to the presence of the Sagnac effect. The optomechanical coupling and the mechanical interaction provide cooling channels for the first and second mechanical oscillators, respectively. Two mechanical oscillators can be cooled simultaneously. The simultaneous cooling and the mechanical coupling of two mechanical oscillators ensure the generation of mechanical entanglement. Furthermore, an optimal mechanical entanglement can be achieved when the moderate optical frequency detuning and the driving power are chosen. The thermal noise of the mechanical environment has a negative effect on mechanical entanglement. Our scheme provides promising opportunities for research of quantum information processing based on phonons and sensitive measurements.
Decoding working-memory load during n-back task performance from high channel fNIRS data
Authors: Kothe Christian , Hanada Grant , Mullen Sean , Mullen Tim
Published: August 2024

Objective. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can measure neural activity through blood oxygenation changes in the brain in a wearable form factor, enabling unique applications for research in and outside the lab and in practical occupational settings. fNIRS has proven capable of measuring cognitive states such as mental workload, often using machine learning (ML) based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). To date, this research has largely relied on probes with channel counts from under ten to several hundred, although recently a new class of wearable NIRS devices featuring thousands of channels has emerged. This poses unique challenges for ML classification, as fNIRS is typically limited by few training trials which results in severely under-determined estimation problems. So far, it is not well understood how such high-resolution data is best leveraged in practical BCIs and whether state-of-the-art or better performance can be achieved. Approach. To address these questions, we propose an ML strategy to classify working-memory load that relies on spatio-temporal regularization and transfer learning from other subjects in a combination that, to our knowledge, has not been used in previous fNIRS BCIs. The approach can be interpreted as an end-to-end generalized linear model and allows for a high degree of interpretability using channel-level or cortical imaging approaches. Main results. We show that using the proposed methodology, it is possible to achieve state-of-the-art decoding performance with high-resolution fNIRS data. We also replicated several state-of-the-art approaches on our dataset of 43 participants wearing a 3198 dual-channel NIRS device while performing the n-Back task and show that these existing methodologies struggle in the high-channel regime and are largely outperformed by the proposed pipeline. Significance. Our approach helps establish high-channel NIRS devices as a viable platform for state-of-the-art BCI and opens new applications using this class of headset while also enabling high-resolution model imaging and interpretation.
A simplified adversarial architecture for cross-subject silent speech recognition using electromyography
Authors: Cui Qiang , Zhang Xingyu , Zhang Yakun , Zheng Changyan , Xie Liang , Yan Ye , Wu Edmond Q , Yin Erwei
Published: August 2024

Objective. The decline in the performance of electromyography (EMG)-based silent speech recognition is widely attributed to disparities in speech patterns, articulation habits, and individual physiology among speakers. Feature alignment by learning a discriminative network that resolves domain offsets across speakers is an effective method to address this problem. The prevailing adversarial network with a branching discriminator specializing in domain discrimination renders insufficiently direct contribution to categorical predictions of the classifier. Approach. To this end, we propose a simplified discrepancy-based adversarial network with a streamlined end-to-end structure for EMG-based cross-subject silent speech recognition. Highly aligned features across subjects are obtained by introducing a Nuclear-norm Wasserstein discrepancy metric on the back end of the classification network, which could be utilized for both classification and domain discrimination. Given the low-level and implicitly noisy nature of myoelectric signals, we devise a cascaded adaptive rectification network as the front-end feature extraction network, adaptively reshaping the intermediate feature map with automatically learnable channel-wise thresholds. The resulting features effectively filter out domain-specific information between subjects while retaining domain-invariant features critical for cross-subject recognition. Main results. A series of sentence-level classification experiments with 100 Chinese sentences demonstrate the efficacy of our method, achieving an average accuracy of 89.46% tested on 40 new subjects by training with data from 60 subjects. Especially, our method achieves a remarkable 10.07% improvement compared to the state-of-the-art model when tested on 10 new subjects with 20 subjects employed for training, surpassing its result even with three times training subjects. Significance. Our study demonstrates an improved classification performance of the proposed adversarial architecture using cross-subject myoelectric signals, providing a promising prospect for EMG-based speech interactive application.
Modernizing a Classic Form
Authors: Lewis Hannah
Published: August 2024

Chapter 3 explores the ways that the creative team’s desire for realism is manifested in La La Land. Because of the focus on realism in the depiction of Mia and Seb, the leading couple, there is something fundamentally different about the musical numbers in La La Land from those in the earlier films it attempts to emulate, particularly regarding the film’s audiovisual syntax and its relationship between technology and performing onscreen bodies. The chapter places some of La La Land’s most distinctive stylistic traits in the broader context of other contemporary film musicals that navigate similar challenges in a variety of ways. The author also explores the concept of virtuosity in the film musical, arguing that technological virtuosity—the “virtuosic camera”—often overshadows human virtuosity in La La Land. This approach reflects current anxieties about the relationship between human expression and technological virtuosity.
La La Land and Jazz
Authors: Lewis Hannah
Published: August 2024

Chapter 4 delves into La La Land’s depiction of jazz. The genre is an important part of both the film’s soundscape and its narrative, but the film depicts an ambivalence about jazz’s stylistic boundaries. The author additionally discusses the character of Keith as portrayed by John Legend, the kind of approach to jazz he represents, and the differences between the depiction of jazz fusion in the film and the jazz renaissance that was actually taking place in Los Angeles right around the time of La La Land’s production. By connecting the (largely) white genre of the Hollywood musical with the historically Black genre of jazz, La La Land participates in a long history of racial masquerading in the Hollywood musical. At the same time, by portraying the lead character Seb’s desire to “save” jazz with some degree of critique, it undercuts its own parallel nostalgic agenda for the film musical.
Conclusion
Authors: Lewis Hannah
Published: August 2024

In the book’s conclusion, the author discusses La La Land’s continued cultural impact. There is an analysis of “Anti-Depressants Are So Not a Big Deal,” a song from the television series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend that parodies La La Land’s opening number “Another Day of Sun.” The parody reveals just how pervasive a cultural phenomenon La La Land had become in the years immediately following its release; it also functions as homage, lovingly pointing to the tension between La Land’s upbeat music and choreography and the film’s cynicism. The author also examines the continued impact of La La Land in contemporary culture. La La Land captured the cultural zeitgeist of a genre and an industry in transition—one that must decide whether to look backward or keep moving forward.
sparsesurv: a Python package for fitting sparse survival models via knowledge distillation
Authors: Wissel David , Janakarajan Nikita , Schulte Julius , Rowson Daniel , Yuan Xintian , Boeva Valentina
Published: August 2024

Motivation

Sparse survival models are statistical models that select a subset of predictor variables while modeling the time until an event occurs, which can subsequently help interpretability and transportability. The subset of important features is often obtained with regularized models, such as the Cox Proportional Hazards model with Lasso regularization, which limit the number of non-zero coefficients. However, such models can be sensitive to the choice of regularization hyperparameter.

Results

In this work, we develop a software package and demonstrate how knowledge distillation, a powerful technique in machine learning that aims to transfer knowledge from a complex teacher model to a simpler student model, can be leveraged to learn sparse survival models while mitigating this challenge. For this purpose, we present sparsesurv, a Python package that contains a set of teacher–student model pairs, including the semi-parametric accelerated failure time and the extended hazards models as teachers, which currently do not have Python implementations. It also contains in-house survival function estimators, removing the need for external packages. Sparsesurv is validated against R-based Elastic Net regularized linear Cox proportional hazards models as implemented in the commonly used glmnet package. Our results reveal that knowledge distillation-based approaches achieve competitive discriminative performance relative to glmnet across the regularization path while making the choice of the regularization hyperparameter significantly easier. All of these features, combined with a sklearn-like API, make sparsesurv an easy-to-use Python package that enables survival analysis for high-dimensional datasets through fitting sparse survival models via knowledge distillation.

Availability and implementation

sparsesurv is freely available under a BSD 3 license on GitHub (https://github.com/BoevaLab/sparsesurv) and The Python Package Index (PyPi) (https://pypi.org/project/sparsesurv/).
Environmental toxins and reproductive health: unraveling the effects on Sertoli cells and the blood–testis barrier in animals
Authors: Jiang Biao , Yang Diqi , Peng Hui
Published: August 2024

Environmental pollution is an inevitable ecological issue accompanying the process of socialization, with increasing attention to its impacts on individual organisms and ecological chains. The reproductive system, responsible for transmitting genetic material in animals, is one of the most sensitive systems to environmental toxins. Research reveals that Sertoli cells are the primary target cells for the action of environmental toxins. Different environmental toxins mostly affect the blood–testis barrier and lead to male reproductive disorders by disrupting Sertoli cells. Therefore, this article provides an in-depth exploration of the toxic mechanisms of various types of environmental toxins on the male testes. It reveals the dynamic processes of tight junctions in the blood–testis barrier affected by environmental toxins and their specific roles in the reconstruction process.
Can vacuum-formed retainers maintain arch dimensions and alignment compared to Hawley and fixed bonded retainers after treatment with fixed appliances? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hussain Umar , Kunwar Sara Shahid , Khan Umair Wali , Alnazeh Abdullah A , Kamran Muhammad Abdullah , Alam Shamsul , Aziz Anum , Zaheen Muhammad , Pandis Nikolaos , Campobasso Alessandra
Published: August 2024

Background

Different types of retention appliances have been proposed over the years, but their effectiveness in maintaining arch dimensions and alignment after orthodontic treatment is still unclear.

Aim

To assess the efficacy of vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) in preserving arch widths, arch length, and anterior alignment in maxillary and mandibular arches, compared to removable Hawley retainers (HRs) or fixed bonded retainers (FBRs). Search methods: unrestricted literature search of five major databases up to March 2024.

Selection criteria

randomized/non-randomized clinical studies comparing VFRs to removable HRs or FBRs.

Data collection and analysis

after duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, random effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals were performed, followed by meta-regressions, sensitivity analyses, and assessment of the quality of evidence with GRADE.

Results

Twenty-two prospective studies (4 non-randomized and 18 randomized controlled trials) involving 1797 patients (mean age 17.01 years, 38.3% males) were included. No significant differences were found in the intercanine width, intermolar width, and arch length between VFRs and HRs, in both arches (P > 0.05). However, VFRs were statistically more effective than HRs in terms of Little’s irregularity scores (LII) in the maxilla (eight studies; SMD = −0.42; 95% CI: −1.03 to −0.09; P = 0.02; I2 = 73.4%) but not in the mandible (P = 0.12). No significant differences were reported for all considered outcomes between VFRs and FBRs in in both arches (P > 0.05), except for lower LII, where VFRs were significantly less efficient (eight studies; SMD = 1.49; 95% CI = 0.26–2.7; P = 0.02; I2 = 93%). Follow-up times, risk of bias, and wire type (of FBRs) did not show statistically significant effects on outcome variables. Sensitivity analyses showed robustness of the findings for including non-randomized and postretention studies. The certainty in these estimates was from moderate to low due to the risk of bias and inconsistency.

Conclusions

Low to moderate quality evidence indicates that VFRs are as effective as HRs in maintaining arch widths, length, and alignment. Low-quality evidence found similar efficacy between VFRs and FBRs, with FBRs being statistically more effective at maintaining lower arch alignment, but the difference was not clinically significant.

Registration

PROSPERO registration (CRD42024518433).
Effectuating international law against corruption: Behavioral insights
Authors: van Aaken Anne
Published: August 2024

International law against corruption is mainly based on individualized criminalization and deterrence, including legal persons. Implicitly, since corruption is a white-collar crime, the conventions assume self-interested rational actors. That was the state-of-the-art thinking when the international conventions against corruption were developed around the turn of the millennium. This is the correct starting point but has failed to deliver the expected results. The United Nations (UN) has turned to behavioral science but the UN Office for Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is lagging behind and behavioral approaches have played a minor role. I submit that they can enrich the set of instruments by using (social)psychological insights. This article discusses additional tools based on behavioral insights and new social science methods used to gain a more holistic understanding of corruption. It makes concrete substantive and institutional suggestions for fighting corruption which could be taken up by UNODC and in international (soft) law. It also discusses the limitations.