bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of HIV infection among children with TB and correlation of CD4 cell count level with types of TB
Authors: T. Sivabalan , G. Rajkumar
Published: February 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most common cause of death from infectious diseases at the global level, being second only to HIV/AIDS. The present study has been undertaken to find out the prevalence of HIV infection among children with TB and correlation of CD4 cell count level with different types of TB.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in children below 12 years who were diagnosed as having TB, using the modified Kenneth Jones criteria (742 TB infected children) between 2008 and 2010. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the frequency, mean, median and standard deviation. The linear trend of proportions and trend of chi-square was used to find out the test of association.Results: The HIV prevalence rate among children with Tuberculosis was 9.7%. In TB/HIV coinfection, Pulmonary TB was 44 (61.1%), lymph node TB was 22 (30.6%), Central Nervous System TB was 4 (5.6%), abdominal TB was 1 (1.4%) and spine TB was (1.4%). Pulmonary TB was the most common type is the not significant, mild and advanced grade of immune suppression. CNS tuberculosis was the most common type in the severe grade of immune suppression. CNS TB occurred more commonly in children more than 60 months of age. Lymph node TB is the commonest type of tuberculosis in children with HIV coinfection less than 35 months of age.Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV among tuberculosis children was 9.7%. This prevalence rate indicates the need for routine screening of all newly diagnosed tuberculous children for HIV coinfection.
A study to assess the association between early childhood caries and relationship of Streptococcus mutans in saliva of mother, child and sibling pairs
Authors: Avanti Ashwini , Avanthi Sucheeth , P. K. Shivaprakash , Raj H. Kiran , Saini Sawinderjith , Naik Pooja M.
Published: February 2019

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a specific form of rampant caries that initially affects the primary maxillary anterior teeth of infants and children.  According to American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) 2011, early childhood caries is defined as the presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries) or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child under the age of six. The objective of this study was to assess the association between early childhood caries and relationship of Streptococcus mutans in saliva of mother, child and sibling pairs.Methods: Group 1 consists of fifty children with early childhood caries along with their mothers and siblings with the child age between 15 months to 5 years and sibling’s age between 4 years to 10 years, whereas group 2 consists of fifty caries free children along with their mothers and siblings. For both groups, saliva samples were taken from the child, mother and sibling pairs to estimate the Streptococcus mutans count and to determine pH of saliva in these children. DMFT scores, debris scores checked for child, mother and sibling pairs.Results: Streptococcus mutans count was significantly high in group 1 than that of the group 2. Mothers were more co related to the children in the acquisition of Streptococcus mutans than the siblings. Increased no of meals of the child, pacifier use, low socio-economic status and low maternal education showed significant high correlation with caries prevalence. Low pH score was also significantly correlated with the increase in caries rate.Conclusions: Maternal factors such as high DMFT scores, low education levels, prolonged bottle-feeding with sweetened milk, pacifier use are strong risk indicators for identifying high caries-susceptible children.
A clinical study on management of hydronephrosis detected antenatally
Authors: Khasnis Ravindra G. , S. Rajshankar
Published: February 2019

Background: It is important to detect and manage hydronephrosis early for improved clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to detect and manage the hydronephrosis which occurs antenatally.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in 20 cases of hydronephrosis in pregnant women as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria laid down for the present study. Patients with mild hydronephrosis were observed. Patients with PUJ obstruction underwent pyeloplasty. Patients with posterior urethral valves underwent cystoscopic dilatation. Patients with VUR were put on prophylactic antibiotic and observed. The patients were followed up post operatively with USG and DTPA scan as indicated.Results: Among the 20 cases with hydronephrosis, majority were males. All cases in terms of side affected were found to be equally distributed. Hydronephrosis was found to be mild in seven (35%) of the cases. Renal dysplasia and bilateral hydronephrosis were found to be the predictors of post natal pathology. Grade 3 and grade 4 were 40% each. There was no persistent case. The most common cause of hydronephrosis was transient hypertension in 5 (33.3%) of the cases.Conclusions: Mild hydronephrosis resolves early and there is no persistence. Renal dysplasia and bilateral hydronephrosis are the important predictors of the post natal hydronephrosis.
Efficacy of MAGPI procedure in the management of hypospadias
Authors: Khasnis Ravindra G. , S. Rajshankar
Published: February 2019

Background: Hypospadias is a relatively common congenital defect of male external genitalia. It is present in approximately 1 in 300 males new born. The meatus may be located anywhere along the shaft of the penis from glans to scrotum or even perineum. The objective is to study the efficacy of MAGPI procedure in the management of hypospadias.Methods: Detailed case study was done as per the proforma, in majority of cases patient’s mother were informants, thorough clinical examination was done in all cases and looked for any congenital anomalies and family history was also taken, and any drugs intake was also taken. All the cases routine investigation was done like (Hb, BT, Ct, Wt). USG was done in required cases. Routine pre-operative preparation was done like keeping nil orally, preparing parts was done. The type of surgery for each patient was assessed after clinical examination of location of meatus: Anterior, Middle, and Posterior. On discharge, the patients and mothers were advised to bring their children for regular check up to hospital.Results: Most common position of hypospadias was glanular and coronal. The most common surgery performed was Snodgrass technique and for distal and mid penile hypospadias and MAGPI for glanular type of hypospadias. MAGPI procedure was most commonly performed for glanular and coronal type of hypospadias. Other minor Complication was wound infection and penile torsion of mild degree and was managed conservatively.Conclusions: There is significant difference in outcome of hypospadias surgery done by pediatric urologist and other surgeons.
Awareness of patients towards eye diseases in middle aged population in rural Odisha
Authors: Rath Bhumika , Rath Mahesh , Mahapatra P. C. , Sarangi Lisa , Khan Z. U. , Singh Priyatama
Published: February 2019

Background: One of the most important public health issue for developing nations in the world with special reference to India is preventive blindness. In the world, 36 million people are blind and 217 million people are with moderate or severe distance vision impairment. The aim and objectives of the study were a qualitative survey to get an initial picture of rural residents knowledge of the prevalent eye disease; serve as an initial assessment of patient’s baseline knowledge of eye conditions and possible treatment methods to aid in the future development of educational outreach initiatives and studies.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the rural areas of Jajpur, Nayagarh, Puri and Cuttack district of Odisha during preventive eye screening camps. The study was carried over 6 months from Jan to July 2018. The sample size was calculated to be 914 and the study subjects were all aged 40 years and above comprising of 64.7% male and 35.3% female.Results: In this study we found out that 60.18% reported previous eye doctor visits, 24.08% reported using eye drops prescribed by a non-doctor, while 60.18% of the non-doctor visitors reported not knowing that a doctor should prescribe eye drops. While 76.69% had little or no awareness regarding glaucoma, 51.87% had a fair idea regarding cataract surgery.Conclusions: The increase in patient awareness of prevalent eye diseases and treatments could lead to an increase in patient acceptance regarding the importance of routine eye examinations for proper identification and treatment of various eye conditions.
Role of computer aided navigation system for surgical treatment of extensive sinonasal polyposis
Authors: Thotappa Lathadevi H.
Published: February 2019

Background: The aim of the study was to study the role of computer aided endoscopic sinus surgery for treatment of extensive sinonasal polyposis by comparing cases with and without navigation.

Methods: A prospective study of 75 patients with extensive nasal polyposis attending outpatient section of department of ENT, BLDE University’s Sri BM Patil Medical College, Hospital, Vijaypur was done from January 2015 to December 2017. 37 cases were randomly subjected to surgery with navigation. Other group included 38 cases which underwent surgery without navigation.  

Results: A total of 75 cases of which 39 were males and 36 females with an age range of 9-76 years. Patients were studied for preoperative and postoperative SNOT-22 symptom scores. These values showed significant improvement with p<0.001. The comfort level of the surgeon intraoperatively was good in 89.18%, medium in 10.8% and bad in 0% cases in navigation guided surgeries. Whereas in surgeries without navigation, it was good in 78.9%, medium 10.52% and bad in 10.52% cases. Intraoperatively disease clearance adequacy was partial in 1 case (2.7%) and total in 36 cases (97.3%). In cases without navigation, the scores were 4 (10.5%) partially cleared, 34 (89.5%) totally cleared. No major (0%) and one minor complication, 1(3%) in surgery with navigation occurred. In group without navigation guided surgery, Major complication was 13% and minor was 11%. These values are indicative of P value 0.021.

Conclusions: The computer aided navigation guided surgery is a necessary tool in cases of extensive lesions like sinonasal polyposis.
Benign neck swellings: a clinico-radio-pathological study
Authors: Irfana Ayshath , Rai Sheetal , Somayaji K. S. Gangadhara
Published: February 2019

Background: The present study aimed to know the common pathologies presenting as neck swellings in our region and their clinical, radiological, and cytopathological correlation in order to understand the nature of the lesion and accuracy of the diagnostic tools in finding a definitive diagnosis.

Methods: Patients presenting with neck swelling to the ENT department of a tertiary care centre in Mangalore between June 2013 to July 2018 were included in the study based on retrospective and prospective sampling. Appropriate cytolopathological and radiological investigations were done and analyzed.  

Results: Out of 160 cases analyzed histopathology diagnosed 86.9% as benign and 13.1% as malignant. Radiologically 94.9% were diagnosed to be benign and 5.6% malignant whereas in cytological investigation 89.4% were diagnosed as benign and 6.9% as malignant while the remaining 3.8% cases were cytologically inconclusive. Intra operatively 6.9% cases had features of malignancy and rest 93% were benign. Thyroid was the most common benign neck swelling (73.2%) followed by cervical lymphadenopathy (6.9%) and thyroglossal cyst (5.6%).

Conclusions: Discrepancy in clinico-radio-cytopathological correlation was highest in cases of thyroid swelling (more so in case of solitary thyroid nodule). None of the pre-operative investigations for neck swellings is 100% specific or definitive in diagnosing a benign from a malignant lesion in the neck.
Anxiety and depression associated with vertigo: a cross sectional study from India
Authors: Asha C. S. , Kumar C. T. Sudhir , Punnoose Varghese P. , Jacob Joe
Published: February 2019

Background: Vertigo is a common clinical symptom in the community as well as in specialist settings. Depression and anxiety are common among vertigo patients and have a significant impact on the course of illness.

Methods: This study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of Department of ENT, Government Medical College, Kottayam. Zung self-rating anxiety and Zung self-rating depression scales were used.  

Results: There were 158 patients in the study. The commonest diagnosis was benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) (76; 48.1%) followed by migrainous vertigo (MV) (41; 25.9%), Meniere’s disease (MD) (31; 19.6%) and vestibular neuronitis (VN) (10; 6.3%). 74 (46.83%) patients had depression. Depression was most prevalent among MD (26; 83.87%) followed by MV (29; 70.73%). Mean depression score was highest with MD (58; SD=8.136) followed by MV (54.29; SD=10.441). 70 (44.03%) patients had anxiety. 50 being women and 20 men. A diagnosis of anxiety was most common in MD (25; 80.6%) followed by MV (33; 80.5%). Mean anxiety score was highest in MD (56.48; SD=11.003) followed by MV (54.15; SD=12.041), A diagnosis of anxiety was most common among patients with MD (25; 80.6%) followed by MV (33; 80.5%).

Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of depression and anxiety in Meniere’s disease and migrainous vertigo in India as evidenced by this study. Identification and appropriate management of coexisting mental health problems to address the disability, poor quality of life and protracted course is an integral part of managing vertigo.

 
Indications for implant removal: a prospective study
Authors: Jain R. K. , Patel Yogesh , Jayaswal Abhijeet , Verma Abhineet
Published: February 2019

Background: The implants removal after fracture healing has always been an issue of controversy. After union, the implant ceases to be important and can be removed. Nevertheless, some patients require metallic implant removal due to various implant-related difficulties. Our study was aimed to identify the most common causes for removal of implant.

Methods: The patients admitted for implant removal in our department were consented and included in the study. Pre-operative radiological images collected and evaluated. Post-operatively, images were taken and followed for resolution of symptoms or appearance of new problems.

Results: A total of 60 patients were studied. Of these, 47 were males and 13 were females. Mean age was 33.7 years (range 4-70 years). Patient request (35% of patients) was the main indication for removal of implants. Reasons were found to be discomfort due to implant, infection, failure of implants and others.

Conclusions: Belief regarding hardware removal has been set and most of them are agreed that routine removal should not be performed unless obviously indicated. In our attempt to fill this gap, we trust that routine removal should not be performed in ‘asymptomatic’ patients. The procedure should not need a big procedure than the implant fixation surgery. Procedure should be sought also as a risk like refracture, bleeding, infection, neurovascular injury and prior to surgery, proper consent to be taken and patient should be well explained. Sometimes indicated results expected after surgery can’t be fulfilled, and instead, complication can results.
High sensitivity C-reactive protein, a predictor of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, and psoriasis: a case control study
Authors: Gupta Surinder , Garg Preeti , Gupta Nikita , Gupta Nakul
Published: February 2019

Background: Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is associated with systemic comorbidities. The blood levels of various inflammatory markers are increased in psoriasis. One of them is high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The serum level of hs-CRP is increased in many inflammatory diseases like psoriasis, cardio vascular diseases, infections, arthritis and others. The objectives of the study were to determine serum level of hs-CRP in psoriasis in relation to its PASI score, which is a subjective method to determine severity of the disease, whereas hs-CRP is an objective and more reliable method. And to have a better idea of systemic inflammatory process caused by psoriasis, serum level of hs-CRP was evaluated in psoriasis patients.

Methods: A case control study was conducted including 38 patients of chronic plaque psoriasis from dermatology outpatient department of Maharaja Agrasen Medical College (MAMC), Agroha, India, and 38 healthy controls.

Results: The serum level of hs-CRP was significantly raised in psoriasis patients (p<0.001). The mean hs-CRP level in psoriasis patients was 6.824±8.562 mg/l whereas it was 1.072±0.929 mg/l in controls. Two observations were noticed, one, the increase in hs-CRP level correlated with PASI score and second, it was much higher in psoriatic patients as compared to controls.

Conclusions: The much higher hs-CRP levels in psoriasis as compared to controls and its correlation with severity of psoriasis has led us to propose that this much high hs-CRP is a biomarker of systemic inflammatory process of psoriasis as well as inflamed cutaneous lesions.

 
José Antonio Piqueras y Guy Pierre (coords.), La irrupción del imperio: el Caribe y América Central bajo el dominio del capital norteamericano, 1898-1940, México-España-Argentina, Akal, 2018, 320 pp.
Authors: Marichal Carlos
Published: February 2019

No contiene resumen.
Andrew Konove, Black market capital: urban politics and the shadow economy in Mexico City, Oakland, California, University of California Press, 2018, 304 pp.
Authors: Torres Medina Javier
Published: February 2019

No contiene resumen.
Improved forage production practice and challenges in Libokemkem District, Ethiopia
Authors: Melese Workye , Assefa Aschalew , Dehninet Kirkim
Published: February 2019

Cross sectional study was conducted with the objective of assessing improved forage production practice and challenges faced by farmers. Both random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents in the district. The
collected data were analyzed using statistical package for social science version 16. The major feed resource in the dry season was crop residue (Index value = 0.312) and natural pasture in wet season (Idex value=0.392). Majority of the households
(55.6%) were not cultivating improved forage and the most frequently cultivated improved forages were elephant grass (Index value 0.211), rhodes grass (Index value 0.163), and dasho grass (index value 0.155). Shortage of land, lack of input, lack of
awareness, and poor extension service were the challenges faced by farmers in their descending order of importance. From this result it can be concluded that improved forage production practice is poor and strong extension service delivery is
recommended.
Assessing the impact of chemical fertilizers on soil acidification: A study on Jorhat district of Assam, India
Authors: Neog Rituraj
Published: February 2019

Soil pH is a measure of soil alkalinity or acidity. It is a significant indicator of soil health. The acidic soil (low pH value) constitutes much of the areas of Jorhat district with proportionally small areas of neutral soil. The ‘r’ value
of -0.538 with ‘P’value of 0.0365 express the existence of almost a strong negative as well as significant relationship between fertilizers consumption and pH value of soil. The dominance of highly acidic soil in the southern and central part of the
Jorhat district portrays normally limited suitability (Low productivity) of soil for the cultivation of paddy (rice). Though most the areas in the northern part of Brahmaputra river (i.e. Majuli island) constitutes highly productive (production per
ha) soil for paddy cultivation.
Effect of staggered planting and crop establishment methods on scented organic rainfed rice
Authors: Thakuria K. , Bharali P. , Thakuria C.
Published: February 2019

A field experiment was carried out during kharif (sali) 2016 at Jorhat, Assam to study the performance of two scented local varieties (Kalajoha and Bakuljoha) of rice under different staggered planting and crop establishment methods
(transplanting and throwing of seedlings). Both the varieties were comparable in respect of grain and straw yields. However, delay in planting beyond 20th July with 30 days seedlings upto 20th September using 90 (30+60) days double planted seedlings
significantly reduced the yield of rice. Transplanting of seedling significantly increased the grain and straw yields over the throwing of seedling method. Variety ‘Bakuljoha’ recorded significantly higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio when
transplanted on 20 July over other planting methods and dates.
Effect of temperature and moisture levels on disease development of stem gall of coriander
Authors: Gupta Meenu , Leharwan Munish , Shukla Arti
Published: February 2019

Stem gall is one of the most important diseases of coriander. The effects of different temperature (15–35°C) and moisture levels (15-75 per cent) was studied on the development of stem gall of coriander caused by Protomyces macrosporus plants
grown under controlled conditions. Results revealed that disease development was maximum (77.50%) at 25°C soil temperature followed by 30°C temperature giving 52.50 per cent disease incidence and 30.00 per cent disease severity, while very low and
high temperature were not favourable for development of disease. In other experiment on different moisture regimes, 45 per cent of soil moisture level was favourable for disease development and resulted in 70.25 per cent disease incidence and 35.25
per cent disease severity. Very low and very high soil moisture levels were not favourable for disease development.
Gene action, heterosis and combining ability studies for economic traits in diallel crosses of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus).
Authors: Gautam Mamta , Gautam K.K. , Panwar R.K. , Verma S.K.
Published: February 2019

Diallel analysis was used to understand the nature of gene effects to determine the nature, magnitude and direction of heterosis and to identify promising single cross based on mean performance, heterosis, GCA and SCA effect and to dissect
the kind of gene action governing the economic traits in lentil. Eight lentil parents and their 28 F1S (excluding reciprocals) along with 2 checks were evaluated. Among parents, investigation of highest gca effects illustrated that PL 406 and L 4188
were good general combiners for most of yield. Cross PL 7 x PL 406 showed better parent as well as standard heterosis over check for maximum number of traits viz., harvest index, pods per cluster, seeds per pod and secondary branches per plant and
yield. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in governing the inheritance of traits. This study suggests, even parents with poor GCA possess the potential to produce heterotic crosses. The manifestation of high amount of heterosis
for seed yield and component traits by a large number of crosses suggest for the need to maintain heterozygosity in the population for maximum expression of the traits in desired direction.
Voltage production using metabolic activities of Azatobacter species and other soil microbial flora in rice field using microbial fuel cell and microbial solar cell technology
Authors: Chandorkar Vaidehi , Chimurkar Aboli , Gomashe Ashok
Published: February 2019

The voltage generation from metabolic reactions of bacteria due to exudates in rhizosphere of rice crop was demonstrated by Azatobacter species and natural soil microbial flora using microbial fuel cell. It was observed that voltage generated
by microbial fuel cells increased from 0.5 V to 98.0 V till 60th day of the crop for one square feet area of rice field in laboratory conditions and on 90th day of the crop voltage was 1V maintained during day time. The range of increase in voltage
was dependent on the intensity of sunlight. It was estimated that if one square feet of rice plantation can produce 1V after 90th day by this method, then in case of one acre of plantation 43560 V could be generated on the 90th day of the crop on
each successive day. That might produce rice and enough voltage in an eco-friendly manner.
Heterosis and inbreeding studies for agronomic and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Devi K. Rukmini , Chandra B.Satish , Hari Y. , Venkanna V.
Published: February 2019

Heterosis and inbreeding depression was studied for twenty characters in seven parental lines and their eleven hybrids in rice. Significant positive average heterosis and heterobeltiosis was observed for effective tillers, grain yield /plant,
panicle density ,filled grains /panicle, panicle length, length/breadth ratio, head rice recovery, milling percent and hulling percent. Significant negative heterosis was observed for days to 50 % flowering in desired direction. Among the crosses,
Kavya × WGL-915, BPT-5024 × WGL-915, Kavya × HKR-08-62, BPT-5204 × MTU-1075 and BPT-5204 × Gontrabidhan recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis for grain yield/plant and also two to three important economic characters and showed significant
positive inbreeding depression . The inheritance of yield, yield components and quality traits were mostly governed by non additive type of gene action as evident from high heterosis followed by high inbreeding depression and in such cases heterosis
breeding is more feasible to achieve quantum jump in rice yield while, pedigree method in few specific crosses showing low inbreeding depression in order to improve characters like head rice recovery, kernel length, length/breadth ratio, kernel
length after cooking and days to 50% flowering etc. Selection of good parents was found to be most important for developing high yielding rice varieties with desirable characters.
Molecular characterization of Asplenium nidus L. – A potential ornamental fern species from Andaman
Authors: Abirami K. , Baskaran V. , Simhachalam P. , Venkatesan K. , Singh D.R.
Published: February 2019

Asplenium nidus L. is one of the most important terrestrial fern in Andaman and Nicobar Islands with great ornamental value. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was used to study the genetic diversity of the species A. nidus L.
collected from different geographical locations of the Island. Among 15 ISSR primers screened, 9 primers produced amplification and produced a total of 222 reproducible amplified bands. The number of amplified bands varied from 10 in ISSR 11 to 44 in
UBC 842 with an average of 24.7 bands per primer. The range of polymorphic bands and percent polymorphism observed were 1 to 5 and 33.3 to 83.3, respectively. The polymorphic information content value of ISSR marker ranged from 0.365 to 0.485.
Cluster analysis grouped the twelve accessions into three clusters (Cluster I, II and III) at Jaccard’s similarity coefficient value of 0.69 on basis of geographical locations of the accessions. The cluster I was further divided into two sub-clusters
Ia and Ib at the coefficient value of 0.77 and it includes the accessions belonging to South Andaman, one each accession collected from two different locations, Little Andaman and Rangat (Middle Andaman) were grouped separately as clusters II and
III, respectively. The genetic variability studies with ISSR marker grouped the accessions of A. nidus L.on basis of their geographical locations and it would help in rapid identification of polymorphism and assist in germplasm collection,
conservation and domestication programmes.
Technological need of True Potato Seed (TPS) growers of Tripura
Authors: Nath Dipak , Shil Subhra
Published: February 2019

The study was conducted in Khowai district of Tripura with randomly selected True Potato Seed (TPS) growers. TPS can serve as a great alternative to the seed tubers in the hilly state of Tripura as only 100 g TPS is needed for one ha. of land
as compared to nearly 2 tones of seed tubers required to plant in the same area. TPS can be used as a suitable alternative technology of potato cultivation in the state to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of production. The technological
need of the majority of the TPS growers, i.e., 87.50 per cent was plant protection measures with rank I. The other technological need observed were post harvest treatment (79.17 %) which includes application of boric acid, sorting and grading,
packing, curing etc. and method of fertilizer application (76.67 %) with II and III rank respectively. So, it is utmost necessary that the agricultural extension workers through regular trainings on plant protection measures with the TPS growers
should guide the farmers to get optimum yield per unit area by effective management of pests and diseases.
mRNA expression of ANT genes, productive performance and nitrogen excretion of laying hen by feeding low protein diets and amino acid supplementation
Authors: Loongyai W. , Suptavitanakit S. , Rakangthong C. , Bunchasak C.
Published: February 2019

The study investigated the effects of low protein diet and amino acid supplementation on production performance of laying hens from 49–57 weeks. A total of 135 chickens were divided into 3 groups: 17%CP, 15%CP and 15%CP supplemented with
amino acid (AA). The results showed that the 15% CP group consumed less feed (P less than 0.01). Adding AA to 15%CP improved feed intake, Met intake, BWG, egg mass (P less than 0.01) and egg production (P less than 0.05), while FCR and egg quality
were not affected. The percentage of abdominal fat and ANT gene expression were highest in the 15%CP + AA group (P less than 0.05). Nitrogen retention in manure of 15% CP + AA hens was lower than in 17%CP (P less tahn 0.01). These results indicated
that the reduced-CP diets supplemented with AA improved production performances and decreased nitrogen excretion.
Gross and morphometrical studies on the first second and third lumbar vertebrae of blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
Authors: Sathapathy S. , Dhote B.S. , Mahanta D. , Tamilselvan S. , Mrigesh M. , Joshi S.K.
Published: February 2019

The present study was carried out on the cranial lumbar vertebrae (L1, L2 and L3) of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. It was revealed that the centrum of cranial lumbar vertebrae was constricted in the middle, but
expanded at either end. They presented a rudimentary ventral crest. The intervertebral foramina were often double in the cranial part of the series and were very large further back. The transverse process was a long plate of bone that spread out
laterally at right angles from the centrum, being slightly bent forward. The borders of the transverse processes were thin, irregular and presented projections of variable size and form. The dorsal supraspinous processes were broad and flattened
plates of bone. These processes were relatively low, wide and perpendicular to the long axis of the vertebrae. The articular processes were well developed and placed further apart than in the thoracic region. They were large and their facets were
strongly curved. The mamillary processes were fused with the cranial articular processes and were thick and tuberous. The cranial articular processes were concave and directed medially, whereas the caudal ones were convex and directed laterally.
Biometrical observations on different parameters of cranial lumbar vertebrae reflected significance (P less than 0.05) differences between the sexes of this species.
Polymorphism of beta (â) casein gene and their association with milk production traits in Sahiwal and HF crossbred cattle
Authors: Pandey Akhilesh , Thakur M.S , Pandey Y.
Published: February 2019

Present research work was carried out on 50 Sahiwal and 50 HF Crossbred cattle in the Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding of College of Veterinary Science and A H Jabalpur. During the research work the PCR amplified products of 121bp
was digested by restriction endonuclease enzyme DdeI, which recognizes G^AATTC sites. The patterns evolved in the present study showed that the presence of one restriction site on one alleles and absence of restriction site on other alleles resulted
in the appearance of three bands of 121, 86 and 35bp.This genotype was referred to as A1A2. When both strand had no restriction sites for the enzyme, only one band of 121bp was observed on the gel such genotype was designated as A2A2 type. The â-
casein gene showed A2A2 and A1A2 genotypes were observed in Sahiwal and HF crossbred cattle. The genotypic frequencies of â-casein (CSN2)/ DdeI gene for A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 are 0.00, 0.30, and 0.70 in Sahiwal and 0.00, 0.64 and 0.36 in HF crossbred
cattle, respectively and the gene frequency A1 and A2 is 0.15 and 0.85 in Sahiwal and 0.32 and 0.68 in HF crossbred cattle. High frequency of A2 allele was observed in both the breeds of cattle under the study.
Adverse effects of environmental lead exposure on hepatic, renal and thyroid function of buffaloes
Authors: Nayyar Shashi , Dash Subrat Kumar , Kakkar Sandeep Sodhi , Jindal Rajesh
Published: February 2019

Lead emitting industries pose a risk of contamination of surface and ground water, soil and fodder by dissemination of the particles carrying lead by wind action and by runoff from the tailings which cause numerous biochemical, immunological
and reproductive disturbances in animals. Samples (n-20) of tube-well water, surface soil and fodder were collected from an uncontaminated area with water lead level within the permissible limit (0.05µg/ml) which served as control, and from the lead
contaminated area (n=25) of Ludhiana (Punjab) with water lead level above the permissible limit. Blood level of lead (>0.24µg/ml) was used to decide the exposure group. The biochemical profile of the buffaloes exposed to lead showed
hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyridemia and hyperglycemia as compared to control group. The activity of serum enzymes viz alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline
phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase showed significant (p less than 0.05) elevation in lead exposed buffaloes. There was significant (p less than 0.05) increase in levels of plasma urea and creatinine, however, tri-iodothyrinine
and thyroxine concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.05) declined in lead exposed buffaloes as compared to control animals. Blood lead levels were significantly correlated with alterations in different biochemical indices in lead exposed
buffaloes indicating the adverse effect on hepatic, renal and thyroid function.
Aerobic exercise regulating expression of ERá and ERâ in prostate to prevent benign prostatic hyperplasia of obesity mice
Authors: Liu Xiangyun , Xiang Jiulin , Li Kai , Wang Ru , Yang Qin
Published: February 2019

High-fat-diet (HFD) induced BPH mice model used to examine how aerobics exercise prevents the development of BPH and try to find the mechanism. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomized into three groups for a 6-week intervention:
Control group (Co, n = 8) and Diet group (Di, n = 8) fed standard diet, and Exercise and diet group fed standard diet meanwhile run on a treadmill at 12m/min, 30 min/day, 6 days/week (Ex+Di, n = 8). Body weight (BW), fat, prostate weight (PW),
prostate index (PI), Estradio(E2), Testosterona (T) and estrogen receptor(ER) were detected. Results: The Di had a higher BW, fat, PW and PI, compared to Co and Ex+Di. BW and PI in Ex+Di significantly lower compared to Di, thus running prevented
increase in BW and PI. Although, E2 and T in Di and Ex+Di haven’t seen anything statistically significant, compared with Co. However, ERá in Ex+Di (0.039±0.012 ng/ml) was significant reduced (P less than 0.05) compared with Di (0.046±0.011 ng/ml);
Compared with Di (0.032±0.009 ng/ml), ERâ in Ex+Di (0.039±0.011 ng/ml) was significant reduced (P less than 0.05). Conclusion: Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of BPH. It may also provide scientific evidence to promote weight
loss and aerobic exercise beneficial adjuvant therapies for BPH.
AULA DE LEITURA NA PERSPECTIVA DIALÓGICA: UMA ELABORAÇÃO DIDÁTICA COM MEMES
Authors: Buzato Ritter Lilian Cristina , Braga Betânia Elisabete
Published: February 2019

O artigo trata de uma reflexão da forma de mobilização das noções teórico-metodológicas bakhtinianas de dialogismo e gênero discursivo, em atividades elaboradas para aulas de leitura e análise linguística com memes. As relações dialógicas são contempladas nas questões sobre condições de produção, enfatizando seu espaço-tempo de circulação, endereçamento a seus interlocutores, finalidade. A noção gênero discursivo suscita análise do conteúdo temático por meio do que se torna dizível; o tom de ancoragem valorativa; em relação à estrutura composicional, o destaque é para o visual e verbal; e, ao estilo, as marcas linguístico-enunciativas da relação entre a forma visual e verbal.
XIX. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Şehir Silüeti: Şam Örneği
Authors: CENGİZ Osman
Published: February 2019

Şam,
yüzyıllar boyunca pek çok yıkım ve imar görmüştür. Bu makale şehrin XIX. asırda
kaydettiği tarihsel sürece ilişkin bir panorama sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu
şehir portresi aynı zamanda bir Osmanlı şehri olan Şam’ın politik, sosyal ve
ekonomik tarihinin ilgili süreçteki durumunu da aksettirecektir. Şam’da XIX.
yüzyıl boyunca tarım, sanayi ve ticaret gibi iktisadi faaliyetler icra
edilmekte fakat bunlar arasında ağırlığı ticaret oluşturmaktaydı. Tarım için
kullanılan tek su kaynağı şehrin içinden geçen ve Altın nehir denilen
Baradâ Nehri’ydi. Şehrin hac güzergahında yer alması şüphesiz ki onun
gelişmesinde etkili olmuştu. Şam’ın sosyo-kültürel yapısı XIX yüzyıl için
birçok sıkıntı ve ayrılıklara sahne olmuş, vaktiyle kültürel bir zenginlik
adına bir arada yaşayan farklı kimlikler, sermayeci aktörlerin elinde bir savaş
silahı haline gelmişti.
Get Messed Up: Intentionality, Butoh and Freedom in Plasma
Authors: Fraleigh Sondra
Published: February 2019

Nature relative to subjectivity is an under theorized area of performance philosophy, one that we ignore at our peril. There is such a thing as nature. It encompasses all that humans are not, and suffuses all that we are and do. It is not merely a social or cultural construction, as we consider in this essay. In order to speak more definitively of nature and the body, we employ the phenomenology of Paul Ricoeur and reach back to the lifeworld (lebenswelt) philosophy of Edmund Husserl. Some read Husserl as an essentialist, but there are other readings, such as the one developed here. One of Ricoeur’s major works, Freedom and Nature: the Voluntary and the Involuntary, concerns motives and values at the organic level, studying how habits inform individual habitus and become embodied as nature in flux. Accordingly, this essay explores subjectivity, intentionality and nature in performance using examples from butoh relative to metamorphosis, a ubiquitous process in the rhythms and multi-tiered rhizomes of nature. Through Sartre and Ricoeur, the text also considers lived values of freedom relative to intention. In this light, readers are invited to explore their own porousness and evaporations via Freedom in Plasma, a butoh to do at the end of the essay.
Resting with Pines in Nida – attempts at performing with plants
Authors: Arlander Annette
Published: February 2019

Is it possible to respond to the challenge of a philosopher with artistic means, rather than on the one hand by attempting to philosophize, or on the other hand by resorting to illustration or application? Perhaps it is not. This text is nevertheless an attempt at responding to the challenge posed to artists by Michael Marder who, in volume 1 of this journal, challenged philosophers and artists ‘to include the spatiality, movement, and perspective of the vegetal in their work’ (Marder 2015, 192). The artistic research project ‘Performing with plants’ could be understood as a response to this challenge. In this text I will briefly outline the plan for the project, relate it to the current interest in plant thinking, plant theory and new materialist feminist theory and then focus on some works loosely related to the project, which seem to resonate with Marder’s challenge in some sense. The variations of Resting with Pines performed in September 2017 in Nida Art Colony on the Curonian spit in Lithuania will serve as attempts to include and even emulate the vegetal, and as an example of a characteristic common to many performance practices, namely the tendency to go on, to ‘keep growing’.
Collaboration as Differentiation: Rethinking interaction intra-actively
Authors: Naccarato Teoma , MacCallum John
Published: February 2019

This paper is a invitation to interaction designers across disciplines to rethink the shaping of interaction “intra-actively”. Whether in human-computer interaction design or interdisciplinary and interactive performance practices, we propose to shift the emphasis from interaction between things, towards the intra-active processes of differentiation by which such things are continually made and unmade. Expanding interaction design by engaging in processes intended to bring awareness to the value systems involved in the local production of “interaction” and “things that interact” offers an opportunity to treat these values, and likewise the designers (be it engineers or choreographers or composers), as objects themselves in the design process. In the traditions of feminist, new materialist, and process philosophy we weave a narrative of appropriated perspectives in order to dismantle hegemonic accounts of correlationism and representationalism in interaction design, while investigating the concepts of boundary objects, diffraction, and critical appropriation as potential approaches to intra-active design.
The Shape of Humidity: Performing Black Atlantic Theory Making
Authors: Hyacinthe Genevieve
Published: February 2019

Following bell hooks’ submission that theory making is “a location for healing” (2017, 59) “The Shape of Humidity: Performing Black Atlantic Theory Making” riffs upon the historically critical and widely circulated subject of the black body politic and Atlantic waters informing but non-exclusive to performance, art history, and visual cultural discourses. The theory making performed here alternatively frames the black Atlantic body in relation to humidity, illustrating what Deleuze and Guattari might call the “possibles” evoked  through “a contraction of earth and humidity” (Deleuze 1994, 76–78). The theory is shaped upon a discussion of Winslow Homer’s The Gulf Stream (1899), included in Kara Walker’s cultural-political opus, Kara Walker: After The Deluge (2006), mounted at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Theory making confronts the painting’s adherence to the hegemonic tradition of rendering the black Atlantic body as a perennial form in peril, whose destiny in this instance is as matter consumed by the thermodynamic sublimity of the waters. Alternatively, the action of theory making here collapses space-time separations among black Atlantic flora, the healing processes of artists Lygia Clark and Wangechi Mutu, and modes of breath activation, to access states of limitlessness actualized through bodily openness to humidity’s grace.
Failing to Think: The Promise of Performance Philosophy
Authors: Corby James
Published: February 2019

Performance Philosophy, at its most hopefully imagined, seems to promise to succeed where other philosophical discourses and performative practises have come up short—perhaps even failed. That is to say, far from simply announcing a relatively modest interdisciplinary venture between philosophy and performance, Performance Philosophy seems invested with a radical potential that would, if realised, reveal a paradigm of creation and/or interpretation that is quite new and distinct. Its achievements, if successful, would be beyond the compass of performance and philosophy conceived independently of each other. Even the term itself, ‘Performance Philosophy’, conveys a certain paratactical momentum that seems directed towards a profound artistic, intellectual, and disciplinary miscegenation where neither performance nor philosophy would remain separate and intact and neither would be subordinated to or conditioned by the unchanged disciplinary genealogy and underpinnings of the other. Though exciting in prospect, this is far from unproblematic. Is performance, as an act of deliberate creative expression, not to some degree pulling in the opposite direction to truth-revealing, knowledge-bearing philosophy? Or does Performance Philosophy relate only to more elastic understandings and redefinitions of philosophy? More specifically, this article asks what ‘thinking’ ‘itself’ might be in the context of Performance Philosophy and what sort of ‘knowledge’ it might give rise to. It will be argued that against the usual measures of epistemological success Performance Philosophy must be judged to fail. However it will then explores whether, in a move reminiscent of the aesthetics of failure of early German Romanticism, it is precisely failure that seems to hold the promise of opening up new epistemological ground.
Bir Güneş Havuzundan Üretilecek Elektrik ile Hidrojen Elde Etme Sisteminin Performansının Teorik Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: ATIZ Ayhan , KARAKILÇIK Mehmet
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmada, dikdörtgen prizma tuz eğimli güneş havuzu (DPTEGH)’nun elektrik ve hidrojen üretim performansı incelendi. Güneş enerjisinden ısı enerjisi üretmek için 1,5×8×8 m3﻿ boyutunda dikdörtgen prizma şeklinde bir güneş havuzu, Organik Rankine Çevrimi (ORÇ) ve elektroliz sisteminden oluşan bir birleşik sistem tasarlandı. Tasarlanan bu sistemin analizi mühendislik eşitlikleri çözücü (EES) benzetim programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Havuzda depolanan ısı enerjisi Organik Rankine Çevrimi (ORÇ)’ye aktarıldı. Böylece, başarılı bir şekilde depolanan ısı enerjisi kullanılarak ORÇ’de elektrik üretildi. Ancak, hem ısının hem de elektriğin verimli bir şekilde depolanamaması yüzünden, üretilen enerji bir elektroliz sisteminde hidrojen üretiminde kullanıldı. Böylece suyun elektrolizi ile hidrojen gazı üretildi. Analizler, Haziran, Temmuz, Ağustos ve Eylül ayları için ayrı ayrı yapıldı. Sonuç olarak, ORÇ’nin enerji verimi Haziran Temmuz, Ağustos ve Eylül ayları için sırasıyla %16,20, %16,73, 17,47 ve %15,32 olarak bulundu. Aynı aylar için üretilen elektrik ise sırasıyla, 143,2 MJ, 156,2 MJ, 168,5 MJ ve 130,5 MJ olarak hesaplandı. Bu elektriğin, bir elektroliz sisteminde kullanılmasıyla da sırasıyla 1,216 kg, 1,326 kg, 1,431 kg ve 1,108 kg hidrojen üretilebileceği görüldü. 
An Enhanced CICA Method and Its Application to Multistage Gearbox Low-frequency Fault Feature Extraction
Authors: Leng Junfa , Shi Penghui , Jing Shuangxi , Luo Chenxu
Published: February 2019

Background:

The vibration signals acquired from multistage gearbox’s slow-speed gear with
localized fault may be directly mixed with source noise and measured noise. In addition, Constrained
Independent Component Analysis (CICA) method has strong immunity to the measured noise but not to
the source noise. These questions cause the difficulty for applying CICA method to directly extract lowfrequency
and weak fault characteristic from the gear vibration signals with source noise.

Methods:

In order to extract the low-frequency and weak fault feature from the multistage gearbox,
the source noise and measured noise are introduced into the independent component analysis (ICA)
algorithm model, and then an enhanced Constrained Independent Component Analysis (CICA) method
is proposed. The proposed method is implemented by combining the traditional Wavelet Transform
(WT) with Constrained Independent Component Analysis (CICA).

Results:

In this method, the role of a supplementary step of WT before CICA analysis is explored to
effectively reduce the influence of strong noise.

Conclusion:

Through the simulations and experiments, the results show that the proposed method
can effectively decrease noise and enhance feature extraction effect of CICA method, and extract the
desired gear fault feature, especially the low-frequency and weak fault feature.