bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ants Colony Optimization Algorithm in the Hopfield Neural Network for Agricultural Soil Fertility Reverse Analysis
Authors: Abubakar Hamza , Muhammad Abdullahi , Bello Smaiala
Published: December 2021

The Boolean Satisfiability Problem (BSAT) is one of the most important decision problems in mathematical logic and computational sciences for determining whether or not a solution to a Boolean formula.. Hopfield neural network (HNN) is one of the major type artificial neural network (NN) popularly known for it used in solving various optimization and decision problems based on its energy minimization machinism. The existing models that incorporate standalone network projected non-versatile framework as fundamental Hopfield type of neural network (HNN) employs random search in its training stages and sometimes get trapped at local optimal solution. In this study, Ants Colony Optimzation Algorithm (ACO) as a novel variant of probabilistic metaheuristic algorithm (MA) inspired by the behavior of real Ants, has been incorporated in the training phase of Hopfield types of the neural network (HNN) to accelerate the training process for Random Boolean kSatisfiability reverse analysis (RANkSATRA) based for logic mining. The proposed hybrid model has been evaluated according to robustness and accuracy of the induced logic obtained based on the agricultural soil fertility data set (ASFDS). Based on the experimental simulation results, it reveals that the ACO can effectively work with the Hopfield type of neural network (HNN) for Random 3 Satisfiability Reverse Analysis with 87.5 % classification accuracy
Detecting The Speaker Language Using CNN Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: M. Rammo Fawziya , N. Al-Hamdani Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Many languages identification (LID) systems rely on language models that use machine learning (ML) approaches, LID systems utilize rather long recording periods to achieve satisfactory accuracy. This study aims to extract enough information from short recording intervals in order to successfully classify the spoken languages under test. The classification process is based on frames of (2-18) seconds where most of the previous LID systems were based on much longer time frames (from 3 seconds to 2 minutes). This research defined and implemented many low-level features using MFCC (Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients), containing speech files in five languages (English. French, German, Italian, Spanish), from voxforge.org an open-source corpus that consists of user-submitted audio clips in various languages, is the source of data used in this paper. A CNN (convolutional Neural Networks) algorithm applied in this paper for classification and the result was perfect, binary language classiﬁcation had an accuracy of 100%, and five languages classiﬁcation with six languages had an accuracy of 99.8%.
Vertex and region colorings of planar idempotent divisor graphs of commutative rings.
Authors: Mohammed Authman  , Husam Q. Mohammad  , Nazar H. Shuker
Published: December 2021

The idempotent divisor graph of a commutative ring R is a graph with vertices set in R* = R-{0}, and any distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x.y = e, for some non-unit idempotent element e2 = e ϵ R, and is denoted by Л(R). The purpose of this work is using some properties of ring theory and graph theory to find the clique number, the chromatic number and the region chromatic number for every planar idempotent divisor graphs of commutative rings. Also we show the clique number is equal to the chromatic number for any planar idempotent divisor graph. Among other results we prove that: Let Fq, Fpa are fieldes of orders q and pa respectively, where q=2 or 3, p is a prime number and a Is a positive integer. If a ring R @ Fq x Fpa . Then (Л(R))= (Л(R)) = *( Л(R)) = 3.
Teacher Development Approaches and Strategies in BRAC Nobodhara School
Authors: Islam Md Tariqul
Published: December 2021

Nobodhara School is a new and unique initiative in the education field of Bangladesh. Different teaching learning and assessment strategies are followed in this school to ensure quality education for the learners. Teachers are the key player to ensure quality of education through their facilitation process in the classroom in any educational institution. In this situation, it was important to know the teacher development approaches of Nobodhara School and its implementation in the teaching learning process. The study aimed to know the educational and professional background the teachers and the followed teacher development policy of Nobodhara School. Moreover, practiced teacher development strategies and the implementation of the professional development by the teachers in the classroom were also explored. Mixed methods approach was followed for data collection and analysis from two branches of Nobodhara School in Dhaka city. Data was collected through interview and questionnaire from Training Coordinator, Subject Mentor and Teachers. Different relevant documents and teacher training schedule were also analyzed for collecting required information. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed simultaneously and presented under different emerged themes. In Nobodhara School, orientation training, subject based training and general professional development trainings are provided to the teachers. Teachers found the trainings very helpful for their professional development. On the other hand, for further development and scaling up of such in-house teacher development system, training duration, facilitation methods and feedback mechanism need to be addressed according to the demand of the teachers.
The Relationship of Empowerment and Job Satisfaction with Productivity of Employees of Education System in Ahwaz
Authors: Chehrazi Karim Amir , Shafizadeh Reza
Published: December 2021

This study was aimed to determine the relationship of empowerment and job satisfaction with productivity of employees in education system in Ahwaz, which was conducted in 2015. The present study was practical in terms of objective, descriptive of correlational type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all the employees in the education organization of region 3 in Ahwaz who had participated in in-service training programs between the years of 2008 and 2013. The population consisted of 300 individuals among whom 169 individuals were selected using the simple random sampling method and the Morgan table; these 169 employees were given questionnaires. The method of collecting data was based on Spriters standard questionnaire of empowerment (1995), Berry Field and Ruth questionnaire of job satisfaction (1951) and standard researcher-made questionnaire of employees' productivity (1995). In the present study, in order to determine the reliability, the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient was used; the reliability was greater than 0.7 for both types of questionnaires. In addition, in order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, the content validity was used, hence the questionnaires were approved by experts. The analysis of the obtained data from the implementation of the questionnaires was done using SPSS 21 software in two sections of descriptive and inferential (Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression). The results of the study indicated that there was a relationship of empowerment and its components such as the feeling of competence, feeling of significance, and feeling of being effective with employees' productivity. But there was no relationship between the component of feeling of self-determination and employees' productivity. Moreover, there was a positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and its components such as ability, understanding and perception of job, organizational support, motivation and feedback with employees' productivity.
The Quest for Capacity Development
Authors: Lussier Kattie
Published: December 2021

In the last decade, the practice of capacity development or capacity building has become a mainstreamed process of change at both organisational and international levels. Yet, the belief that an increase in knowledge and skills necessarily translate into improved practices and better results rest on very shaky assumptions. Based on 250 interviews with capacity development (CD) providers and participants, this article discusses the discrepancies between CD discourse and practice and present the main dimensions that CD actors should take into consideration in order for their activities to make a difference. Interviews suggest that some widely used interventions, such as training courses or models, often fail to translate into change after participants go back to their own environments. On the other hand, processes that engage learners over a longer period of time and provide follow-up activities appear to be more effective. This implies that there is a need to rethink the way CD processes are planned and implemented.Developing capacity means much more than providing training, material and technical assistance; it entails developing the knowledge, skills, attitudes, agency and affordances that are necessary for reaching individual goals, while linking activities to complementary interventions that can tackle other factors and barriers to change. This calls for an increased awareness of how people learn, the attitudes that are needed to foster such learning and the ability to analyse the reality in which they work; as well as the identification of tangible and intangible factors that constrain or enable people’s ability to change.
SUGAR BEET HYBRIDS OF FLORIMOND DESPREZ COMPANY IN THE FIELDS OF THE LIPETSK REGION
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Gulidova V.A.
Published: December 2021

This paper compares the sugar beet hybrids of the Florimond Desprez Company. The studied hybrids (Oural, Ardan, Candimax, Narcos and Danube) showed high yields, high sugar content of root crops and high yields of granulated sugar under the conditions of the Lipetsk Re-gion on leached heavy loamy chernozem. Of the five sugar beet hybrids under the conditions of the Lipetsk Region, the late ripening hybrid Narcos was the most productive one in terms of gross sugar recovery -the key indicator for sugar beet growers. This hybrid ensured a gross sugar recovery of 10.66 t ha. This hybrid also formed the roots with higher sugar content (18.16%) than other hybrids un-der study. The hybrid Maximella (KWS Company) was the control; it turned out to be more productive in the Lipetsk Region than the Florimond Desprez hybrids. This hybrid outyielded the studiedhybrids regarding the gross sugar recovery: Oural hybrid -by 0.666 t ha, Ardan -0.515 t ha, Candimax -0.883 t ha, Narcos -0.303 t ha, Danube -1.221 t ha. The hybrid Danube showed the lowest produc-tivity with high sugar content (17.81%) in the roots. The most processable roots regarding weight were those of the hybrids Ardan (376 g), Narcos (358 g) and Candimax (333 g). The cultivation of Florimond Desprez hybrids was prof-itable; the Narcos hybrid showed the greatest profitability -492.6%
INFLUENCE OF FEED SUPPLEMENTS TO COW DIETS DURING FIRST 100 DAYS OF LACTATION ON MILK NUTRITIONAL VALUE
Authors:   OOO  “Mustang-Sibir”, Bulgakov A.M. , Bulgakova D.A. ,   Altai  State  Agricultural  University, Ponamarev N.M. ,   Altai State Agricultural University, Zhukov V.M. ,   Altai State Agricultural University, Novikov N.A. ,   Altai State Agricultural University, Motovilov K.Ya. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies
Published: December 2021

Currently, it has been understudied which forms of feed supplements ensure the most positive effect onincreasing milk nutritional value and processing properties. In this regard, an experiment was conducted in comparable groups of 90 cows. The animals of the 1st (control) group were fed compound feed concentrate that included the following ingredients: a rumen-protected fatsupplementMegalac (3.1%); a buffering agent -sodium bicarbonate (1.4%); protein digestion stimulator Farmatan TM (0.57%); mineral and vitamin premixRindavit 51 ATG RV (3.6%); the animals of the 2nd (trial) group were giventhe following feed supplements: protected fat Nutracor (3.0%); a buffer-ing agent Rumenbuffer (0.9%); protein-mineral-vitamin concentrate Cowfit 5 Plus (3.75%); mineral and vitamin premix Cowfit Immuno Fertil(0.75%). In the 2nd (trial) group, the levels of milk components increased as follow-ing: lactose -by 20%; butterfat -by 15%; casein -by 25%; calcium -by 33%; phosphorus -by 53%; copper by 45%, zinc -by 89%; vitamin A -by 67%; vitamin E -by 30%; that was indicative of milk nutritional value increase
MPLEMENTATION OF THE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM IN THE ALTAI REGION
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Fedorova G.A. , Reznichenko Z.M. ,   Altai  State  Agricultural  University, Tkachenko L.V. ,   Altai State Agricultural University
Published: December 2021

The global epizooticsituation in the recent decade is unfavorable regarding foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). FMD cases are reported on the territory of the Russian Federation in the Primorsky, Transbaikal, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar Territories, Amur and Vladimir Regions, Kara-chay-Cherkess Republic, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, and the Republic of Bashkortostan; FMD cases are report-ed in cattle, pigs and sheep. In the Altai Region, the last FMD outbreak was reported in 1974. Within the framework of the FMD regionalization by the International Epizootic Bureau (IEB), Russia is divided into four zones: IEB-recognized favorable zone without vaccination which in-cludes most regions of Russia (52 regions); two IEB-recognized favorable zones with vaccination; and IEB-unrecognized zone, i.e.contaminated zone. In order to expand the export opportunities for agricultural products, three more zones were established which in the future in 2022 would receive the status of FMD-free with and without vaccination; the Altai Region entered the zone ofobtaining the status without vaccination. As part of measures to ob-tain a safe status without vaccination, the Altai Regional Veterinary Department, in agreement with the interested agencies, developed and approved the integrated FMD control program for the period from 2020 through 2025 that included preventive measures and monitoring studies of biological materials. As part of monitoring studies in 2020, the Federal Center for Animal Health in Vladimir and the ferent animal species for non-structural proteins of FMD virus by ELISA; the results were negative.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIENCY IN COMPRESSION AND NON-COMPRESSION LESIONS IN DOGS WITH CARDIOLOGIC PATHOLOGIES
Authors:   Moscow State Academy of  Veterinary Medicine  and  Biotechnology named  after  K.I.  Skryabin, Kozlov N.A. , Gryadunova F.A. ,   Moscow State Academy of  Veterinary Medicine  and  Biotechnology named  after  K.I.  Skryabin
Published: December 2021

The number of neurological patients in veterinary prac-tice is constantly growing. This is due to increasing number of injuries in animals (fractures, spondylolisthesis), mani-festations of such pathologies as osteochondrosis, tumors of the spinal cord and spinal column (the life expectancy of pets in large cities increases due to, among other things, the use of ready-made diets in their feeding), and also by close inbreeding which increases the proportion of genetic anomalies of the spinal column. Concomitant cardiac dis-eases in neurologically impaired dogs are common in an-esthetic practice of surgical treatment of spinal cord com-pression. Neurological pathology is referred to as urgent, i.e. associated with the need for early diagnosis and treat-ment. In veterinary medicine, as opposed to humane medi-cine, it is often not possible to determine the level / locali-zation of the lesion on the basis of neurological symptoms and syndromes. Accurate and correct diagnosis using a sequential algorithm for examining a cardiologic animal with neurological disorders, using additional diagnostic methods such as myelography, MRI, morphological exami-nation, etc. allow conducting successful surgical treatment and avoiding complications from the cardiovascular system after anesthesia. In the immediate postoperative period, the adaptive mechanisms in the animal body may be insuf-ficient and take on a decompensation character which may cause complications from the cardiovascular system and the death of the patient. The research goal was to statisti-cally analyze the causes of neurological disorders in dogs with concomitant heart diseases, identify the most frequent neurological disorders, and determine the breed and age predisposition of dogs to these diseases under planned anesthesia.
Gender Equality, Women’s Political Representation, and Maternal Mortality: Lessons from Indonesia
Authors: Halimatusa’diyah Iim , Arif Sirojuddin
Published: December 2021

Many studies have shown that gender equality and women’s political representation lead to better health outcomes, including a lower rate of maternal mortality. Nevertheless, we still lack a clear understanding of the causal mechanism linking gender equality and politics to maternal health. Besides, most of the studies on this subject suffer from a whole nation bias as they focus on the national level. Using a structural equation model (SEM) analysis, this article examines the effect of gender equality and women’s political representation on disparities in maternal mortality across regions in Indonesia. Compared to districts with a lower level of gender equality, the results reveal that districts with a higher level of gender equality were more likely to have a lower rate of maternal mortality. The effect was mediated by increases in the utilization of maternal health care services made possible by higher rates of gender equality. However, our findings show no strong evidence in support of women’s political representation effects on reducing maternal mortality. Thus, the findings of this study suggest the primacy of gender equality in improving maternal health.
Feminist Perspectives on Microfinance and Women’s Empowerment
Authors: Oberhauser Ann M. , Aladuwaka Seela
Published: December 2021

This article examines microfinance as a development strategy designed to empower women and reduce poverty in the Global South. The discussion draws from feminism and development to critically analyze these lending programs in the context of persistent gender inequities and economic marginalization of women. Scholars, policymakers, and practitioners have different perspectives on the effectiveness of microfinance programs. Proponents of microfinance argue that these economic interventions assist in the development of small-scale economic activities, improve gender dynamics in households and communities, and empower women. In contrast, critics describe microfinance as an extension of neoliberal capitalism that exploits rather than empowers participants by increasing their debt burden and other forms of exploitation. The analysis addresses sociospatial and economic aspects of microfinance programs by examining the different approaches as reported in the empirical studies of microfinance programs that target women in the Global South. The discussion focuses on how microfinance impacts and is related to the following dimensions of women’s empowerment: economic empowerment and poverty reduction; investment and consumption; and decision-making and self-esteem. We argue that microfinance programs are embedded in and influence diverse aspects of these economic interventions in the development process. The conclusion summarizes how agency and change associated with these programs offer the potential for women’s empowerment at various scales and within diverse contexts of development.
Building a Virtual Community: Confession Magazines in French Canada
Authors: Luneau Marie-Pier , Warren Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2021

This article considers confessional magazines as “virtual communities.” Published from 1943 to 1957, Histoires vraies was a low-brow magazine that replicated True Story's success in French Canada. Like Bernarr Macfadden's True Story, Histoires vraies was entirely or mostly composed of short sentimental stories generated by its readers. Overall, our article sheds light on how, in 1950s Quebec, a virtual community was created to help readers cope with profound social change, offering both a space of liberty and empowerment and an institution of social control.
“Letter from London”: Mollie Panter-Downes Brings World War to theNew Yorker
Authors: Derdiger Paula
Published: December 2021

This article argues that, through her regular “Letter from London” column, British writer Mollie Panter-Downes was a key figure in transforming “The New Yorker” from a humorous weekly into a serious venue for literature and political content after World War II. This transformation, moreover, involved a recasting of individual experience in terms of global realities. Total war necessitated language and style that would make vast, seemingly incomprehensible events meaningful, but not overwhelming, to the individual subject. Drawing on material from the New Yorker records at the New York Public Library, I show how Panter-Downes's literary journalistic aesthetic facilitated this sea-change.
Midwestern Magazine Modernism: Recovering Samuel Pessin and The Milwaukee Arts Monthly/Prairie
Authors: K. Young John
Published: December 2021

This article recovers the history of Milwaukee modernist Samuel Pessin and his short-lived magazine, Milwaukee Arts Monthly, retitled as Prairie upon a move to Chicago (1922–23). Pessin's magazine is of contemporary interest for the wide range of figures published in its pages, associated with modernist movements in Milwaukee, Chicago, and across Europe. This history should contribute to the ongoing reorientation of modernist studies away from its conventional geographical and cultural centers. This article is also the first account of Pessin, who has remained a mysterious and marginal figure.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Multilingual Berbasis Konten dan Konteks Budaya Lokal Etnis Ngada pada Tema Hidup Bersih dan Sehat untuk Siswa Kelas 2 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Dhey Genoveva , Laksana Dek Ngurah Laba , Wau Maria Patrisia
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menghasilkan bahan ajar multilingual berbasis konten dan konteks budaya lokal etnis Ngada tema Hidup Bersih dan Sehat untuk siswa kelas 2 Sekolah Dasar. Bahan ajar ini tebatas pada pengembangan tiga bahasa yaitu bahasa Indonesia, bahasa daerah Bajawa dan bahasa Inggris. Subjek uji coba dalam penelitian ini antara lain guru kelas 2 SDN Sobo sebagai ahli materi/isi, kepala sekolah dan guru SMP Citra Bakti sebagai ahli Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris, Bapak  Johanes Mopa sebagai ahli Bahasa Daerah dan Dr. Aan Nurfahrudianto. Hasil penelitian pengembangan bahan ajar multilingual berbasis konten dan konteks budaya lokal etnis Ngada ini dikembangakan menggunakan model ADDIE. (1) Uji coba ahli konten/materi dengan nilai rata-rata 4.2, (2) Uji coba untuk ahli bahasa Indonesia dengan nilai rata-rata 3.7, (3) Uji coba untuk ahli bahasa Daerah dengan nilai rata-rata 3.4, (4) Uji coba untuk ahli bahasa Inggris ada dengan nilai rata-rata 4.2, (5) Uji coba ahli desain ada pada kategori “sangat baik” dengan rata-rata 4.4. Dari hasil pengujian kepada beberapa ahli di atas  maka dapat disimpulkan bahan ajar multilingual  berbasis konten dan konteks budaya lokal etnis Ngada tema Hidup Bersih dan Sehat untuk siswa kelas 2 sekolah dasar layak dan siap digunakan.
Composite drainage in glaucoma surgery
Authors: Botabekova T. K. , Erichev V. P. , Aldasheva N. A. , Bulgakova A. A. , Hachatryan G. K.
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE. To assess the hypotensive effectiveness, frequency and nature of intra- and postoperative complications in patients with various clinical manifestations of refractory glaucoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 196 patients (196 eyes) with various forms, stages and clinical manifestations of glaucoma. There were 142 patients with primary glaucoma, among them 120 with open-angle glaucoma and 22 with angle-closure glaucoma. Among the patients with primary glaucoma, 85 had pseudophakia (77 with openangle and 8 with angle-closure forms); 57 had a native lens (43 with open-angle and 14 with angle-closure forms of the disease). Secondary glaucoma was presented mainly by patients with neovascular (21) and postuveal (16) glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) level in the group as a whole ranged from 16 to 50 mm Hg (on average 30.1±2.6 mm Hg). In all presented cases of surgical intervention, the Glautex drainage was used, which is a bioresorbable composite biomaterial based on polylactic acid (polylactide) and polyethylene glycol (manufactured by “HiBiTech”, Russia). Standard methods of patient examination were used. RESULTS.In patients with POAG, the IOP averaged 13.7± 4.7 mm Hg one week after surgery and 16.1±3 mm Hg 12 months after surgery. The absolute success of the operation was noted in 71 patients with POAG (59.2%); the relative hypotensive effect — in 85.8%. In primary angle-closure glaucoma, the same indicators were 47.6 and 61.1%, respectively. In the group of patients with neovascular and postuveal glaucoma, the hypotensive effect was as expected lower and amounted to 42.8 and 50.0%, respectively. The restart of therapy at different periods of observation was done in 78.3%. Complications, their frequency and nature, noted by us in the operated patients, could be attributed to those typical for fistulizing operations in refractory glaucoma. The most common complication was ciliochoroidal detachment, which was seen in all groups, but percentage-wise was more common in patients with PACG, neovascular and postuveal glaucoma.

CONCLUSION. Composite drainage based on polylactic acid (polylactide) and polyethylene glycol (glautex) is an effective and safe solution to the issue of surgical treatment of glaucoma. The antihypertensive effectiveness of the Glautex drainage implant depends on the severity of the glaucomatous process and the timeliness of the surgical intervention. The frequency and nature of complications depends on the degree of refractoriness of glaucoma, initial clinical characteristics of the process, and patients' multimorbidity.
General ophthalmological aspects of the COVID-19 infection
Authors: Abdullaeva E. Kh.
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has gone down in history as an international emergency that resulted in the death of millions of people. The coronavirus infection poses a large number of problems for medical science and, in particular, ophthalmology, which for the most part do not have obvious solutions. Due to insufficient knowledge about coronavirus infection in ophthalmology, there is a lack of understanding of eye symptoms, methods of prevention, treatment and organization of healthcare for such patients during a pandemic. Based on the available studies researching these issues, it is assumed that the virus may directly affect the ocular surface tissues (conjunctiva, cornea). Also, the possibility of transmission of infection through the ocular surface has not been ruled out. The data indicate the need to expand the measures for prevention of the spread of coronavirus infection, including through the surface of the eye.
Combined treatment of post-thrombotic neovascular glaucoma (clinical case study)
Authors: Starostina A. V. , Sidorova A. V. , Klepinina O. B. , Norman K. S. , Smirnova E. A. , Khaletskaya A. A.
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE. To present the features of the clinical course and evaluate the effectiveness of laser and surgical treatment of patients with neovascular glaucoma following central retinal vein thrombosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two patients with neovascular glaucoma secondary to central retinal vein thrombosis were examined. Surgical interventions were performed: patient M. — micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (twice), intravitreal administration of an angiogenesis inhibitor (5 injections), retinal laser coagulation (two-stage); patient E. — micropulse cyclophotocoagulation, intravitreal administration of an angiogenesis inhibitor (2 injections), implantation of the Ahmed valve.

RESULTS. The treatment resulted in compensation of intraocular pressure (IOP), improvement of visual functions, reduction of neovascularization in the structures of the anterior eye segment.

CONCLUSION. Micropulse cyclophotocoagulation can be used in the complex treatment of neovascular glaucoma at any stage in order to reduce IOP and decrease the neovascularization in the iris and anterior chamber angle structures in the postoperative period.
Adilcevaz’dan Bir Şeyh ve Müderris Portresi: Molla Masum Godişkî
Authors: BAKIRHAN Cihat
Published: December 2021

Bitlis ulemasının önemli şahsiyetlerinden ve Nakşî-Hâlidî meşâyihinden olan Molla Masum Godişkî, resmi kayıtlara göre 1931, ailesinin verdiği bilgilere göre ise 1928 yılında dünyaya gelmiştir. Aslen Bitlis ilinin Mutki ilçesinin Godişkan (Alıcık) köyündendir. Kırk yıla yakın Adilcevaz’ın Haskindirük (Bahçedere) köyünde tedris ve irşad faaliyetleri yürüttüğü için Molla Masum Haskindirûkî olarak da bilinir. Dedesi ve babası da bölgede tanınan meşhur âlimlerdendir. İlk eğitimini babası Molla Muhammed Sıddık’dan almış, babası vefat edince dedesi Molla Muhyeddin Godişkî’nin yanında eğitimine devam etmiştir. Bir müddet Ohin (Koyunlu) köyünde Şeyh Halid’in rahle-i tedrisatında bulunan Molla Masum, Silvan’da Molla Yakup Farkinî’nin, Nakşî şeyhi olan kayınpederi Molla Reşit Tırtopî’nin, Molla Sadrettin Yüksel’in ve en son kendisine icazet veren Molla Nurullah Godişkî’nin yanında da okumuştur. Tasavvufî icazetini Şeyh Halidî Ohinî’den almış ve onun halifesi olmuştur. Muş’un muhtelif köylerinde ve Adilcevaz’ın Bahçedere köyünde fahri imamlık vazifesi yapmış, açmış olduğu medreselerde tedrisat faaliyetlerinde bulunmuştur. Bahçedere köyünde iken resmi göreve atanmış ve emekli oluncaya kadar bu köyde kalmıştır. Faiz hakkında ve Tapu senedinin şer’î delil olup olmadığı hakkında iki risalesi bulunan Molla Masum 1997 yılında resmi görevinden emekli olunca Mersin’e taşınmış, orada da tedrisata devam etmiş, 17 Ocak 2016 tarihinde vefat etmiştir. Kabri, Ahlat’ta Abdurrahman Gazi mezarlığındadır. Bugüne kadar herhangi akademik bir çalışmaya konu olmayan Molla Masum’un hayatı, tedrisat ve irşat faaliyetleri üzerine çoğunlukla çocukları ve talebeleriyle gerçekleştirilecek mülakatlarla desteklenecek olan bu çalışma, eğitim kurumu olarak medreselerin ve Nakşibendiyye tarikatının Hâlidiyye kolunun Bitlis tarihindeki yerini belirlemek açısından önem arz etmektedir.
ANALISIS TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN UMAT BUDDHA TENTANG DANA DALAM KAJIAN KITAB SUCI SUTTA PITAKA
Authors: Sukarti
Published: December 2021

Kurangnya pemahaman pada ajaran Buddha antara lain disebabkan oleh kurangnya intensitas pembinaan atau penyuluhan agama di vihara-vihara. Berdāna merupakan praktek yang paling mudah dalam melaksanakan ajaran Buddha, namun tidak semua umat Buddha mengetahui dan melaksanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep berdana dan tingkat pemahaman umat Buddha tentang dāna. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Vihara Dharma Sila Magetan. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti, wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi metode dan sumber data. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tingkat pemahaman umat Buddha tentang dāna di Vihara Dharma Sila Kabupaten Magetan masih sangat kurang. Hasil wawancara di deskripsikan bahwa tingkat pemahaman umat Buddha tentang dāna masih rendah. Berdasarkan empat indikator yang diukur menyatakan bahwa tiga indikator menunjukkan hasil sangat kurang dan satu indikator menunjukkan hasil kurang. Peran para dharmaduta dan bhikkhu pembina serta tokoh umat Buddha dalam pembinaan umat sangat diperlukan, terutama untuk wilayah yang masih kurang pembinaan. Pemahaman benar terhadap ajaran Buddha sangat penting bagi umat agar dapat melaksanakan ajaran Buddha dengan benar.
Etika Dalam Praktik Akuntansi Keuangan
Authors: Hermanto Hermanto
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

 

HERMANTO. Ethics in Financial Accounting Practices.

This study aims to examine the theoretical study of ethics in financial accounting practice. The data used in this study is qualitative data about ethical violations in financial accounting practices that occurred at PT Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Tbk. From this data, a theoretical study was carried out with qualitative research methods for the theory applied or not by the entity. The results of this study indicate that PT Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Tbk committed ethical violations in the practice of financial accounting in the presentation of its financial statements.

 

Keywords: Ethics, financial statements, financial accounting.
Prevalence and individual risk factors of carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnant women
Authors: Sherazi Tooba , Yaqub Umara , Sherazi Muhammad Aazib , Riaz Rabbiya , Zaman Summaiya Malik , Shah Sikandar , Naveed Aamir , Hussain Shabir
Published: December 2021

Background: Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among pregnant women is very much common among the whole population. Due to rapid economic and social changes, an increasing trend of this disorder, as well as its individual risk factors, has also been observed in Pakistan. Objective: The present study aimed to find out the prevalence of CTS in pregnant women and to identify the risk factors associated with CTS in pregnancy. Material & Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey for the prevalence of CTS and a case-control study to find out the risk factors were administered on a sample of n=304 participants of pregnant women of Rawalpindi and Islamabad hospitals for six months from October 2016 to March 2017. Data was collected by non-probability convenient sampling through a self-structured questionnaire. The Association of risk factors was measured by odds ratio. Result: The present study showed the prevalence of CTS is 76(25%) based on Phalen’s test and the prevalence of CTS is 86(28.3%) based on Tinel’s test. History of CTS (OR=3.38) is the most common risk factor. Swelling (OR=2.74) is very common in pregnancy. Other factors including kidney disease, weightlifting, excessive household, cooking, and obesity, use of oral contraceptives, stress, smoking, sewing, diabetes, and thyroid dysfunction are also associated with CTS except for Rheumatoid arthritis, computer work and forceful griping. Conclusion: This study showed significant results regarding the prevalence and risk factors of CTS among pregnant women in the hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi.
Effectiveness of glucose-insulin–potassium infusion for myocardial protection in non-diabetic patients during adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Khan Attiya Hameed , Rasool Hafsa , Ahmed Hammad , Faheem Khawaja Ahsen , Naveed Aamir , Hussain Shabir
Published: December 2021

Background: Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion is most commonly used in diabetic patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. Many studies suggest that the use of GIK infusion has beneficial outcomes mainly in myocardial protection, as myocardial protection is the main goal of Perfusionist during bypass surgery. In Pakistan, GIK is used normally in the diabetic patient as it has a good effect on insulin maintenance. Most surgeons use GIK in diabetic patients but many of the studies suggest that it has good post-op outcomes especially in myocardial protection. Method: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted for 6 months, from November 2019 to April 2020 at the Pakistan Institute of medical sciences department of Cardiac surgery. Ethical approval was taken from the hospital ethical committee. It was consisting of 80 patients, 40 from group A (GIK infused) and 40 from group B (GIK non-infused) by using the Non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data was collected through pre-structured Performa. Results: In the early postoperative period, peak CKMB levels were high in the Non-GIK group (62.7375± 19.75393IU/L) versus (54.0005±11.41493IU/L) in the GIK group (p-value 0.000). Mean ventilation time in the GIK group was (10.85 ±6.302) hours versus (12.15 ±7.814) hours in the non-GIK group (p< 0.001). Similarly, ICU stay period was also shorter in the GIK group is (3.50 ±1.013) and in the non-GIK group is (3.50 ±0.906) (p>0.001). Conclusion: Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion has a beneficial role in myocardial protection and is associated with better post-operative outcomes without increasing the risk of non-cardiac complications.
Drug interaction and rational drug therapy in hospitalized patients reported with stroke
Authors: Shah Fawad Ali , Khan Muhammad Imran , Ahmad Bashir , Hussain Shabir
Published: December 2021

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determine prescription rationalities, any pharmacotherapy-based problems, and to determine drug interactions in patients with stroke. Methods: Patient case histories were determined using a standard questionnaire form having a patient tag, age, sex, past history, chief complaints, biochemical tests, treatment chart and other relevant information. Forty patients suffering from stroke and were on treatment were selected for the current study. The relevant information was recorded with respect to patient demographic data, disease incidence, drug interactions.  Results: Most of the hospitalized patients were in the range of 51-60 (20% out of 40 patients) and 71-80 (22.5% out of 40 patients) years. The most frequent cause of hospitalization was Cerebro Vascular Accident (CVA) or stroke (57.5%). New drugs were added to the regimen of 37.5% of patients due to certain diseases. The dose was changed in the regimen of 17.5% of patients. In 7.5% patient dosage form was changed. 27.5% of patients were observed with the therapeutic alternative. Drug interactions were found in the prescription history of 30% of patients. Conclusion: Hence, it is concluded that most of the patients admitted to hospital with Cerebro Vascular Accident and stroke have irrational drug prescription and drug-drug interactions in their prescription history.
Frequency of halitosis among patients aged between 18 to 40 years reporting to Saidu group of teaching hospital, KPK, Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Dawood , Naeem Muhammad , Shah Mian Imam , Ahmed Hammad , Naveed Aamir , Ahmad Bashir
Published: December 2021

Background: Oral health is associated with first-class teeth as it is essential for the general health and wellness of human beings. Poor oral hygiene leads to major issues including halitosis. Halitosis refers to an unpleasant breath odor that affects self-confidence and people’s professional and social life. Objective: The main of the current study was to uncover the frequency of halitosis among 18 to 40 years aged patients reporting to Saidu groups of teaching hospitals, swat KPK. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the Frequency of halitosis among the patients in 6 months. Data was collected using a questionnaire and convenience sampling technique. Results: Out of 288 patients, 156 (54.2%) patients were affected while the rest 132 (45.8%) patients were not affected by halitosis. It was found more among males than females. The highly associated risk factors were smoking, patients having no knowledge of tooth cleansing protocol, interdental brush, not brushing their tongue, no use of mouthwash, and lack of monthly dentist visits. Conclusion: More than half of the population are suffering from halitosis where males are highly affected as compared to females. Patients having poor knowledge of teeth cleaning protocol and infrequent dental visits were among the more common causes of halitosis among the said age population.
Açık Alan Uygulamalarının Bebeklerin Gelişimlerine Yansımaları
Authors: SAVCI Feryal , KÖKSAL AKYOL Aysel
Published: December 2021

Erken çocukluk dönemi, 0-8 yaş aralığı olarak değerlendirilen, yaşamın kritik evrelerinden biridir. Gelişim becerilerinde hızlı bir ilerlemenin olduğu bu süreçte, çocukların desteklenmesi ileriki yıllardaki becerinin gelişiminde etkili bir rol oynar. Doğum öncesinde önemli bir bölümü oluşmaya başlayan beyin hücrelerinin, erken çocukluk döneminin başlangıcı olarak kabul edilen, yaşamın ilk iki yılında hızla gelişmeye devam ettiği bilinmektedir. Bebeğin doğum sonrasından iki yaşına kadar karşılaşacağı görsel, işitsel ve dokunsal uyaranlar, beynin şekillenmesine ve sinaptik bağların kurulmasına yardımcı olur. Dolayısıyla yaşamının ilk yıllarında içinde yaşanılan çevre, bebeğin ihtiyaçlarına cevap veren ve duyularını destekleyici nitelikte olmalıdır. Bebeği destekleyici ortam ev içerisinde sağlanabileceği gibi açık alanlarda da oluşturulabilir. Açık alanlarda, bebekle yapılan uygulamalar, bir yandan bebeğin duyularının gelişimini desteklerken bir yandan da çevresini tanımasına olanak sağlar. Sınırsız oyun fırsatı sunan açık alanlar, bebeklerin motor becerileri tecrübe etmelerine ve özerkliklerinin desteklenmesine olanak tanır. Ayrıca bebeklere doğrudan ebeveyn liderliği olmadan kendi kendilerini destekleyebilecekleri, bedenlerinin sınırını fark edecekleri ve kendilerini tanımalarına fırsat veren oyun alanları yaratır. Gelişimin en önemli dönemlerinden birini oluşturan erken çocukluk döneminde, açık alan uygulamalarının bebeklerin gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini detaylı şekilde ele almayı amaçlayan bu derleme makalede, alanda çalışan meslek elemanlarının ve ebeveynlerin bebeklerle yapılabilecekleri açık alan uygulamalarına yer verilmiştir.
Kantian Hesitations around the Proper Philosophical Method
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Dimitrov Ivaylo
Published: December 2021

According to leading Kant scholars, in mid-1760s Kant realizes that his program for the reform of metaphysics cannot be developed by the method of conceptual analysis which he had previously considered to be more adequate than the synthetic method of the Wolffians that imitates the mathematical one. In this paper, I put into question the claim of a pre-Critical project of ‘analytical metaphysics’ by trying to show that even for the ‘pre-Critical’ Kant the proper method of metaphysics is genuinely synthetic, but the synthetic construction in question should have been prepared by a Critical and subsequent exhaustive analysis of key material-instrumental concepts of the peculiar philosophical science under question.
Walter Benjamin’s “The Task of the Translator” and the Impossibility of Direct Communication
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Enchev Kristiyan
Published: December 2021

The text analyzes the possibilities to think of pure language as indicated in the harmonization of modes of intention in the translation activity. This language is, in a sense, a regulative idea and it have to be liberated in translation. It is essential to distinguish between the modes of intention and intended objects, between what is named in pure language and what is „overnamed“ in human languages. One of the theses in this text – that language in its auto-relation undergoes auto-modalization – makes the connection with Kierkegaard's understanding of the impossibility of direct communication. The indication of the untranslatable is an opportunity in the language of the translator to insert as indicated the elusive in the translation and thus to introduce the use of a broken language. Awakening of the “echo of the original” means a “thinking more” (according to Kant) through the figure.
Artifacts 2. Virtual and Real
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” (Bulgaria), Gherdjikov Serghey
Published: December 2021

In this paper I present a new dimension for philosophical and scientific analysis of artifacts as anthropogenic abiotic objects along the lines of the distinction between real and virtual. This distinction purports to replace the classical opposition material–ideal as a better way of defining what an artifact is and as one more compatible with the scientific description and explanation of artefacts. The virtual relativity of the virtual artifacts is their relatedness to local language forms as an adequate coordinate system. The real relativity of artifacts is their relatedness to local and global human life processes. The article follows empirical science as a technique of studying artifacts, and subscribes to the anthropological paradigm.
Applied neuroscience in early childhood and high school education
Authors: Guerrero Jacqueline Aracely Arteaga , Moreira José Atilio Murillo , Zambrano María José Zambrano , Rivas Fernando Eduardo Cornejo , Pilligua Marilyn Lidia Basurto
Published: December 2021

Neuroeducation is a very complex practice that has allowed us to know how the human brain acts from its plasticity and wide synaptic connectivity, one of its important characteristics is that it acts cognitively and emotionally, strengthening the teaching-learning process from an early age. An analysis is made of the ideas that various authors have had in the application of neurosciences in the educational field. The objective of this work was to identify, through the interpretation of data, what was the contribution of neurosciences in children in initial and preparatory education of the Mathius Quintanilla Sierra Educational Unit, in the city of Portoviejo, as well as the methods, techniques and strategies used by teachers for the construction of knowledge. The methodology used was non-experimental, descriptive and explanatory, from which it was possible to analyze and understand the information raised by various authors from their professional and personal perspective.
“To be relied upon and trusted”: The centrality of personal relationships to collaboration in HE, in a successful cross-team institutional change project
Authors:   Solent University, United Kingdom, Heard-Laureote Karen , Buckley Carina ,   Solent University, United Kingdom
Published: December 2021

The change to online delivery in March 2020 provided an opportunity as well as a requirement to change the way we work in Higher Education (HE), from a traditional stance focussed on hierarchy and roles to one that embraced individual core skills and competencies. The Transformation Academy (TA), Solent University's response led by the Solent Learning and Teaching Institute (SLTI), had as its goal the preparation of 1100 modules for online delivery in September 2020, delivered via institutional cross-team collaboration to ensure success within a narrow timescale. Collaboration is by necessity situated and dialogic, and most effectively driven by an affective and trust-based connection between collaborative partners as well as to the project goal. In bringing together previously disparate and siloed teams, the TA project’s success relied upon new collaborative partners quickly forming those connections, despite the prevailing neoliberal emphasis in UK HE on performativity and pressure from senior management to complete the work within 12 weeks. Adopting a qualitative empirical research design and single, local, exploratory case study approach, data is derived from 11 semi-structured interviews with project members who collaborated with colleagues outside of their usual team structures, to explore the personal value they perceived obtaining from the TA project. Preliminary findings suggest that Learning and Teaching (L&T) collaborations in a pressured environment benefit from authenticity in emotion and interpersonal affective connections, which in turn are engendered by openness and clarity in communication, a flattened hierarchy, and a sense of ownership for all participants.