bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS OF OPERATION OF THE MOTOR TRANSPORT AND WAY OF THEIR DECISION WITH USE MODERN INFOMATSIONNO-KOMMUNIKATSIONNYH OF TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Никонов  , Nikonov Vadim , Посметьев  , Posmetev Valeriy , Бевз  , Bevz V
Published: July 2015

The review of the existing problems caused by operation of the motor transport is carried out. Ways of their decision on the basis of use of modern in-tellectual technologies and systems are considered.
Changes in strength and elastic properties of polymer composite IN the Introduction MEMBERSHIP OF GRAPHITE
Authors: Черников  , Chernikov Eduard
Published: July 2015

It is known that a decrease in strength composite material associated with the amount of water absorption. Some components of wood-fiber-glass compo-site material (graphite flour) is introduced with the purpose to reduce the effects of water absorption, as well as the washing of water-soluble components.
ANALYSIS OF THE PLOTS EXPLOITATION MOBILE LABORATORIES DEFECTOSCOPIC LDM-1
Authors: Платонов  , Platonov Aleksey
Published: July 2015

On the South Eastern Railway successfully operate a mobile laboratory on defectoscopic combined course LDM-1. In the article discusses the features of this laboratory exploitation plots on Belgorod and Voronezh distance path, the mean extent substantiated the magnitude these plots
Biological activities of Salvia L species
Authors: Dziurzynski Tomasz , Ludwiczuk Agnieszka , Glowniak Kazimierz ,   Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
Published: July 2015

Salvia officinalis L. is one of the most widespread species, and because of this, is the most popular among other Salvia L. However, there are many other Salvia species with the long history of use in the treatment of a variety of disorders. The dried root of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge is one of the most popular herbal traditional medicines in Asian countries, while a mixture of leaves of S. fulgens Cav. and S. microphylla Kunth. is a traditional Mexican medicine, called ‘mirto’, and used for stomach ailments. Despite the extensive traditional use of many Salvia species around the world, the phytochemical and biological studies concerning sage are still very popular. The review aims to show recent research results concerning biological activities of Salvia species, and some of them, e.g. anticholinesterase, neuroprotective, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity were summarized.
Tooth loss and bone mineral density among postmenopausal women
Authors: Piątek Dominika , Bachanek Teresa , Dominika PiąteZubrzycka-Wróbel Joanna ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Published: July 2015

Loss of teeth by pa tients has been cur rently a big prob lem, not only aes thetic one but also health- related. There are many re ports describ ing the re la tion ship of perio don tal dis ease, al veo lar bone re sorp tion and loss of teeth with re duced bone min eral den sity. The aim of this study was to ex am ine the re la tion ship be tween the loss of bone min eral den sity of the spine and the number of teeth present in the oral cav ity of pa tients dur ing the study. Our re sults are con firmed by world lit era ture re ports, that the number of teeth pres ent in the oral cav ity in post meno pausal women cor re lates with bone den si tome try meas urements.
Expert opinion on extinction risk and climate change adaptation for biodiversity
Authors: Javeline Debra , Hellmann Jessica J. , McLachlan Jason S. , Sax Dov F. , Schwartz Mark W. , Castro Cornejo Rodrigo
Published: July 2015

Despite projections of biodiversity loss and proposed adaptations to climate change, few data exist on the feasibility and effectiveness of adaptation strategies in minimizing biodiversity loss. Given the urgent need for action, scientific experts can fill critical information gaps by providing rapid and discerning risk assessment. A survey of 2,329 biodiversity experts projects, on average, that 9.5% of species will become extinct due to climate change within the next 100 years. This average projection is low relative to previously published values but substantial in absolute terms, because it amounts to a loss of hundreds of thousands of species over the next century. The average projection increases to 21% when experts are asked to estimate the percentage of species that will become extinct within the next 100 years due to climate change in combination with other causes. More than three-quarters of respondents reported being uncertain about their extinction estimates. A majority of experts preferred protected areas or corridors to reduce extinction risk but identified ex situ conservation and no intervention as the most feasible strategies. Experts also suggest that managed relocation of species, a particular adaptation strategy, is justifiable and effective in some situations but not others. Justifiable circumstances include the prevention of species extinction and overcoming human-made barriers to dispersal, and while experts are divided on the potential effectiveness of managed relocation for most taxonomic groups, higher percentages predict it effective for woody plants, terrestrial insects, and mammals. Most experts are open to the potential benefits of managed relocation but are concerned about unintended harmful consequences, particularly putting non-target species at risk of extinction. On balance, published biodiversity scientists feel that managed relocation, despite controversy about it, can be part of the conservation adaptation portfolio.
Changing with the Yellow River: An Environmental History of Hebei, 1048-1128
Authors: Zhang Ling
Published: July 2015

Ling Zhang explores the environmental consequences of a sequence of disastrous floods that started in 1048, when the lower reach of the Yellow River broke its northern bank, scouring a northward course throughout central Hebei. After examining the changing pattern of the Yellow River's floods during the Northern Song period, Zhang shows how these floods disrupted the local water systems of Hebei. The programs to repair the river ruptures consumed vast amounts of local materials, expediting deforestation; and the quality of Hebei's soil gravely deteriorated, becoming salinized and sandized. At once taking an environmental perspective and examining the efforts of hydraulic specialists, Ling Zhang illuminates Hebei's social and economic history during the Tang-Song transition, especially the degradation of population and agriculture in the eleventh century.
Parallel Worlds, Stretched Time, and Illusory Reality: The Tang Tale “Du Zichun”
Authors: Reed Carrie
Published: July 2015

Focusing on the Tang-dynasty tale “Du Zichun” and comparing it with foreign and Chinese analogues in which the protagonist takes an allegorical inner journey only to return to his own world and time, C arrie R eed explores treatments of the notion of illusory reality. She argues that the treatment of time as stretched in “Du Zichun” closely resembles that in certain Indian tales and may have derived not from written translations of Buddhist texts but from Indian stories that circulated orally in China. She further shows that “Du Zichun” differs significantly from most Chinese stories yet also reflects ontological concerns of the Tang dynasty: its multifaced and ambivalent message—which simultaneously underscores the themes of illusory reality and attachment—exemplifies the variety of ways that foreign stories were assimilated by Chinese writers into a new literary environment.
The Cultural Biography of a Musical Instrument: Little Hulei as Sounding Object, Antique, Prop, and Relic
Authors: Zeitlin Judith T.
Published: July 2015

Judith Zeitlin traces the history of a rare musical instrument to consider how the meanings of a thing change over time and are shaped by its representation in various media. Her narrative centers on two collectors who went to extraordinary lengths to document the importance of this “biographical object” in their life and work: the dramatist Kong Shanren (1648–1718) and the publisher Liu Shiheng (1875–1926). Focusing on the elaborate forms of literary, theatrical, visual, and printed display that the two men adopted to express the relationships of owner to thing and of thing to the cultural heritage at large, Zeitlin follows the instrument’s transformation from “a leftover thing” ( yiwu ) from the past that inspired feelings of regret and nostalgia to “a cultural relic” ( wenwu ) now under the protection of a state museum.
Empire and the Circulation of Frontier Intelligence: Qing Conceptions of the Ottomans
Authors: Mosca Matthew W.
Published: July 2015

To trace changes in the circulation of knowledge between Inner Asia and the wider Qing empire, M ATTHEW W. M OSCA analyzes the case of Khungghar -a term used by Mongols for the Ottoman Empire but poorly understood by Han Chinese. From 1644 to roughly 1755, Han Chinese officials and geographers were largely unfamiliar with information possessed by the Manchus and Mongols managing the empire's inland frontiers. From 1755 to 1799, the transmission of intelligence between these two groups increased at the Qing court. Between 1800 and the 1911, Han Chinese geographers debated the location, identity, and strength of Khungghar , but they based their claims on textual research, and the role of frontier reports waned. The circulation of frontier knowledge throughout the Qing empire, Mosca shows, was greatly influenced by changes in the relationships between different segments of the imperial elite.
Buddhist Renunciation and the Female Life Cycle: Understanding Nunhood in Heian and Kamakura Japan
Authors: Meeks Lori
Published: July 2015

Observing that elite Japanese women of the Heian, Kamakura, and Muromachi periods were expected to spend their final years as Buddhist lay renunciants, L ORI M EEKS examines why nunhood came to be defined as a stage in the life cycle of Japanese women and how literary expectations of lay renunciants changed over time. Although Heian sources discuss lay renunciation as a practice undertaken by members of both sexes who sought to make spiritual preparations for death, texts of the late Kamakura and Muromachi periods valorize nunhood as a marker of the loyal widow. Analyzing the dress, hair, and religious activities associated with women's retirement into renunciate life, Meeks shows how many of the practices associated with female renunciation remained constant, even as the meaning of nunhood shifted from a domain associated with death preparation to one associated with widowhood.
Naturalness in Xie Lingyun’s Poetic Works
Authors: Swartz Wendy
Published: July 2015

Wendy Swartz examines literary naturalness ( ziran 自然) in Xie Lingyun’s poetic works from two vantage points. First, surveying how Southern Dynasties critics applied the term ziran to Xie, she demonstrates the need to historicize the term, whose significations shifted dramatically over time. Xie’s poetic works not only were “natural” according to the standards and expectations of his time but also followed a certain natural order: his representation of the natural landscape was significantly mediated by passages from the Yijing (Classic of changes). Second, by analyzing Xie’s representative landscape poems and his “Shanju fu” (Exposition on dwelling in the mountains), Swartz shows that Xie’s citations of the Yijing —which scholars today have largely ignored or misunderstood—in fact reveals much about the conceptual and structural framework of his mode of representation, and about how he orders the world he sees.
A Newly Discovered Inscription by Qin Gui: Its Implications for the History of Song Daoxue
Authors: Li Cho-ying , Hartman Charles
Published: July 2015

Cho-Ying Li and Charles Hartman have recovered a stone inscription written by the Song chief councilor Qin Gui in 1155. Effaced from its original stele in 1427 but preserved in a Ming official’s collected works, the text contains the expression “succession of the Way” ( daotong 道統), which existing scholarship considers Zhu Xi to have coined in 1181. Analyzing its content, rhetoric, and historical background, Li and Hartman establish the inscription as a major monument of Song political and intellectual history. They trace the origins of the term daotong , which Qin Gui used to describe Emperor Gaozong’s relationship to ancient Zhou-dynasty paragons, to the Northern Song monarchy. They argue further that Zhu Xi’s redefinition of daotong as a transmission of orthodox learning from antiquity to private scholars presented a stark challenge to the established rhetoric of imperial authority.
Temples and Clerics in Honglou meng
Authors: Zhou Yiqun
Published: July 2015

Yiqun Zhou illuminates the important role that the Buddhist and Daoist temples and clerics play in providing Honglou meng 紅樓夢 with its mimetic richness and complex philosophical message. The vast majority of the clerics in Honglou meng are objects of derision and hostility, while a few clerics guide characters lost in worldly preoccupations toward Buddhist enlightenment. Often scholars have tried to reconcile these bifurcating representations by distinguishing between religion as a spiritual tradition and religion as represented by institutions and clergies. Zhou takes another approach: by contrasting the first eighty chapters, by Cao Xueqin, with the last forty chapters, by an anonymous author, she shows that Cao depicted a wide spectrum of character types and used irony to complicate meaning and encourage a nuanced and reflective understanding of the role of organized religion.
Woman, Man, Abacus: A Tale of Enlightenment
Authors: Hsiung Hansun
Published: July 2015

Hansun Hsiung examines the hitherto neglected role of bookkeeping in the work of Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901). Focusing on the concepts of number and balance, he argues that the practice of double-entry bookkeeping was closely related to Fukuzawa's unique articulation of Victorian liberalism. Numbers provided Fukuzawa with a suprahistorical mode of argumentation, whereas bookkeeping provided a normative framework of balance for dealing with numbers. The combination of these terms allowed Fukuzawa to move beyond the main mode of numerical reasoning in politics at the time: the discipline of statistics. After establishing this claim, Hsiung proceeds to trace the history of bookkeeping within the development of university curricula in Japan. He concludes that the institutionalization of modern disciplines and their hierarchies of knowledge resulted in the exclusion of bookkeeping from political thought.
Educación ambiental en niños y niñas de instituciones educativas oficiales del distrito de Santa Marta
Authors: Ruíz Cabezas Meri Rocío , Pérez Barrios Eliana Sofía
Published: July 2015

Este es un artículo de investigación cuyo objetivo fue identificar el nivel de conocimiento de educación ambiental en los estudiantes de primaria. El marco teórico plantea la educación ambiental como un proceso que permite entender las relaciones con el entorno, a través de la reflexión crítica de la realidad biofísica, social, política, económica y cultural, y de ahí generar actitudes de valoración y respeto por el medio ambiente (Plan Nacional de Educación Ambiental-PNEA & Gobernación de Antioquia, 2005). La investigación tuvo enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, descriptiva y transversal; con una muestra no probabilística de 229 estudiantes de quinto año elemental. Para obtener los resultados se les aplicó un cuestionario y se realizaron observaciones cualitativas. Según los resultados, el 77% de los niños dice clasificar los residuos; pero en la observación se detectó que no llevan esto a la práctica con los residuos escolares. Se concluye que se encuentra poca participación de los niños en acciones ecológicas que los lleven a comportamientos intencionales de protección ambiental.
Кратная интерполяционная задача Валле Пуссена
Authors: Напалков Валентин Васильевич , Napalkov Valentin Vasil'evich , Муллабаева Айгуль Ураловна , Mullabaeva Aigul' Uralovna
Published: July 2015

Получено решение кратной интерполяционной задачи Валле Пуссена оператора обобщенной свертки. Основное внимание уделено доказательству секвенциальной достаточности множества решений характеристического уравнения оператора обобщенной свертки. В обобщенном пространстве Баргмана-Фока сопряженным оператором к оператору умножения на переменную $z$ является оператор обобщенного дифференцирования. С помощью этого оператора вводятся операторы обобщенного сдвига и обобщенной свертки. С применением цепочки эквивалентных утверждений получено, что кратная интерполяционная задача Валле Пуссена разрешима тогда и только тогда, когда сюръективна композиция оператора обобщенной свертки с умножением на фиксированную целую функцию $\psi(z)$. Нули функции $\psi(z)$ являются узлами интерполяции. Сюръективность композиции оператора обобщенной свертки с умножением сводится к доказательству секвенциальной достаточности множества нулей характеристической функции оператора обобщенной свертки в множестве решений обобщенного оператора свертки с характеристической функцией $\psi(z)$. При доказательстве секвенциальной достаточности возникла необходимость рассмотрения отношений собственной функции при различных значениях $\mu_i$. Собственные функции с большим значением $\mu_i$ уходят на бесконечность быстрее, нежели собственные функции с меньшим значением при $z$, стремящимся к бесконечности. При одинаковых значениях $\mu_i$ производная собственной функции большего порядка уходит на бесконечность быстрее, чем производная меньших порядков.
Существенную роль играет тот факт, что ядро оператора обобщенной свертки с характеристической функцией $\psi(z)$ представляет конечную сумму собственных функций и ее производных.
С использованием разложения Фишера, теоремы Дьедонне-Шварца и теоремы Майкла о существовании непрерывного правого обратного получено, что если нули характеристической функции оператора обобщенной свертки расположены на положительной вещественной оси в порядке возрастания, то кратная интерполяционная задача Валле Пуссена разрешима в узлах интерполяции.
Zwischen den Kulturen? Überlegungen zu von Juden und Christen geteilten literarischen Horizonten in der Vormoderne
Authors: Przybilski Martin
Published: July 2015

The essay argues against a concept of dissociated Jewish and Christian cultures in premodern Europe that can still be perceived as dominating mainstream scholarship in the field of Medieval and Early Modern Jewish-Christian relations. By contrast it argues for a closer look at some of the links that bridge the gap between Jewish and Christian learned cultures, mainly to be found in vernacular German texts from the 13
The Wallich List from Worms
Authors: Schellekens Jona
Published: July 2015

In einer Handschrift der Kommentare von Raschi und Raschbam über den Pentateuch, die dem Arzt Beifuβ Josephus aus Worms gehörte, gibt es eine Liste von 16 Männern mit demselben Familiennamen: Walch oder Wallich – einer Familie, die der jüdischen Elite angehörte. Wahrscheinlich ist die Nummer 9 auf der Liste Isaak Wallich aus Worms, der bekannte Sammler von Volksliedern. Die Liste zeigt nicht die genaue Beziehung zwischen den 16 Männern. Um die Beziehungen zwischen ihnen zu rekonstruieren, wird im Aufsatz ein einfaches Modell verwendet. Nach dessen Ergebnissen stammt die Liste aus den Jahren 1618–1624, und die Männer sind die Nachkommen von fünf Brüdern. Wahrscheinlich enthält die Liste nicht ausschließlich Namen von Besitzern des Manuskripts. Im zweiten Teil wird die Genealogie der Familie rekonstruiert.
Schweigen ist Silber, Reden ist Gold. Über die Bedeutung von Reflexion und Kommunikation in der jiddischen Magelone-Adaption
Authors: Oehme Annegret
Published: July 2015

This paper explores the role of the Yiddish
The Widow of Ephesus. Yiddish Rewritings and a Hypothesis on Jewish Clandestine Forms of Reading
Authors: Rosenzweig Claudia
Published: July 2015

Einen bedeutenden Aspekt jüdischen literarischen Schaffens bildet von jeher die Auseinandersetzung mit und die Neubearbeitung von Quellen, die außerhalb der jüdischen Tradition entstanden sind. Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen jiddischen Adaptationen nichtjüdischer Stoffe, insbesondere mit der
Der Briefbericht des Frater Simon über den Fall von Konstantinopel 1453
Authors: Giese Martina , Döring Karoline D.
Published: July 2015

Although claiming the authority of an eye-witness account, frater Simon’s letter is almost certainly a ficticious description of the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. This presumed lack of authenticity has obviously prompted modern scholarship for a long time to be oblivious to this contemporary and exclusive source on the events, preferring well-known and reliable sources such as Leonard of Chios and Isidore of Kiev. However, since frater Simon’s letter has survived in two different versions and ten manuscripts from the 15th century, it is clearly more than a marginal note. Rather is it a remarkable contribution to the literary treatment of the Turkish threat and timeless moral instruction.With his portrayal of the pagan Mehmed II as a just ruler, the recurring moral instructions and the lack of a call to arms. Simon’s text stands out against themyriad of more or less contemporary depictions. In preparation for a critical edition the paper gives an analysis of the text and an overview of the extant manuscripts.
Fragmente aus dem „Pandektes“ des Antiochos Monachos in der Palimpsesthandschrift Collegio Greco 2
Authors: Isépy Peter
Published: July 2015

Codex 2 of the Greek manuscript collection of the Pontificio Collegio Greco in Rome, copied around the end of the first quarter of the 12th c., contains the commentary of Gregory of Corinth (~1070 -1156) on the Canons of Kosmas the Hymnographer and John of Damascus on the main festivals of the Byzantine ecclesiastical year. At the end of the manuscript we find ten palimpsest leaves originally written in the 9th/10th c. in a „maiuscola ogivale inclinata“. Up to now, only a general identification of the scriptio inferior with the Pandectes Scripturae Sacrae of Antiochos Monachos (7th c.) has been established. The present article aims to determine the exact extension of the „Pandectes“ transmitted in fragmentary form in the Coll. gr. 2 and offers a reconstruction of the original leaf order in the codex antiquior.
A user of the Chronicle of Joel
Authors: Sakel Dean
Published: July 2015

The article establishes the use of the turn-of-the-thirteenth century chronicle of Joel, the Chronicle in brief, as a source by the Chronicle of 1570. Thus it adds one further item to the story of interdependence of the Byzantine chronicles, and establishes both more firmly in the said literary tradition.
The cultural dynamics of the term Hellanodikes in Palaiologan Byzantium
Authors: Xenophontos Sophia
Published: July 2015

In ancient Greek literature, Hellanodikai (Ἑλλανοδίκαι) were figures of public authority and high esteem, renown for their fair judgment, overseeing control, and morally transparent life. The characteristics we gather regarding their public role come from a number of historical and other sources, such as Cassius Dio, Lucian, and Pausanias. In the Byzantine era, the term was revived either as a historical gloss contextualizing the position of Hellanodikes (Ἑλλανο- δίκης) in ancient times or as a lexical and grammatical entry. As a contrast to the conventional treatments of this term, Palaiologan scholars proceeded to its unique redeployment. In this article, I argue that Hellanodikes became an epithet of social and cultural significance in Palaiologan Byzantium, a notion embedded within the intellectual peculiarities of this age, especially in contexts of imperial patronage and scholarly apprenticeship.
Tetanops myopina Fallén, 1820, a psammophilous species of Otitinae (Diptera: Ulidiidae) found in a sandpit in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic/ Tetanops myopina Fallén, 1820, psamofilní druh čelnice z podčeledi Otitinae (Diptera: Ulidiidae) nalezený v pískovně v severovýchodní části České republiky
Authors: Roháček Jindřich
Published: July 2015

Tetanops myopina Fallén, 1820 (Diptera: Ulidiidae) is recorded from the Czech Republic for the first time, based on specimens found in the sandpit Závada near Hlučín (grid mapping code 6074). Because T. myopina is generally a maritime species, living on costal sand dunes of the Irish, North and Baltic Seas and partly the Atlantic Ocean (Ireland and Wales only), this surprising record is treated in detail with a description of the microhabitat and a discussion of the biology and biogeography of the species and the historical origin of this inland population
Ecology and distribution of the rare copper moss Streptocolea atrata (Bryopsida, Grimmiaceae) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Novotný Ivan , Mudrová Radka
Published: July 2015

The current distribution of the moss Streptocolea atrata (Hornsch.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec (Bryopsida, Grimmiaceae) in the Czech Republic is reviewed. This species is known to occur only in the Giant Mountains and Bohemian Forest in this country. The history of its discovery is presented and all the available specimens are listed and their distribution is indicated in a map. The global distribution of S. atrata is briefly commented.
Breeding avifauna of the Special Protection Area Natura 2000 ‘Grądy Odrzańskie’ in Czernica and Siechnice counties, Wrocław district (Poland)
Authors: Kopij Grzegorz
Published: July 2015

In 2009, in the Special Protection Area Natura 2000 ‘Grądy Odrzańskie’ in Czernica and Siechnice counties, Wrocław district, 95 breeding bird species were recorded. For 33 of them, maps of distribution of their breeding pairs are presented and for the remaining a relative abundance was estimated based on line transect method. In 2009, the following species were recorded in the study area for the first time: Cygnus olor, Crex crex, Upupa epops, and Picus canus. On the other hand, 11 species recorded in 1978-87 as breeding in the study area (Ciconia nigra, Pernis apivorus, Milvus migrans, Milvus milvus, Falco tinnunculus, Gallinago gallinago, Limosa limosa, Tringa totanus, Riparia riparia, Anthus campestris, Phoenicurus phoenicurus) were not recorded again in 2009. It has been shown that Saxicola torquata, Ficedula albicollis, Corvus corax and Remiz pendulinus have increased in numbers. The following species recorded in 2009 as breeding in the the study area: Cygnus olr, Ciconia ciconia, Circus aeruginosus, Crex crex, Alcedo atthis, Dryocopus martius, Picus canus, Dendrocopos medius, Lulula arborea, Sylvia nisoria, Ficedula albicollis, Lanius collurio and Emberiza hortulana are included in Annex 1 of the Bird Directive.
New localities of Viola stagnina in Poland
Authors: Kleszcz Iwona , Nobis Agnieszka , Nobis Marcin
Published: July 2015

Viola stagnina Kit. is a species regarded as a river corridor plant because of its confinement to river valleys in Central Europe. It is a component of alluvial meadows with natural flooding regime (Cnidion dubii alliance). V. stagnina is rare and red-listed in some European countries. Seven new localities of V. stagnina, its distribution map in Poland and information about possible methods of protecting the species are presented.
Bryofloristic survey of rich fens of the National Nature Monument Jestřebské slatiny (Doksy region, North Bohemia)
Authors: Bradáčová Jitka , Štechová Táňa , Kučera Jan
Published: July 2015

We present results of the bryofloristic survey of fens and degraded fens of the National Nature Monument ‘Jestřebské slatiny’ - ‘Shnilé louky’, ‘Baronský rybník’ and meadow ‘Pod Konvalinkovým vrchem’. Seventeen species of liverworts and 70 mosses were recorded in course of several visits by the authors, of which four liverworts and three mosses are classified as threatened in the Czech Republic. The most significant record was the re-discovery of a putatively vanished moss of rich fens, Campyliadelphus elodes, at the locality ‘Pod Konvalinkovým vrchem’. Given the regional importance of the record, we performed the revision of herbarium specimens from our country and present the typification of Chrysohypnum elodes var. salinum Podp., described from South Moravia.
Health Risks of Nanotechnology
Authors: Roblegga Eva , Sinner Frank , Zimmer Andreas
Published: July 2015

Nanotechnology is one of the key technologies of the 21st century and is associated with high expectations. Products with completely new properties for application in medicine, science, industry and various techniques are designed. However, the larger surface area of nanoparticles makes them highly reactive compared to larger sized particles of the same chemistry resulting in both, desirable and undesirable effects. The need for toxicological data has become increasingly important, thus several international projects are ongoing throughout the European Union. The question concerning the risks for the health and environment should not be disregarded.
Human epithelial cells in vitro – Are they an advantageous tool to help understand the nanomaterial-biological barrier interaction?
Authors: Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Clift Martin J.D. , Jud Corinne , Fink Alke , Wick Peter
Published: July 2015

Abstrat

The human body can be exposed to nanomaterials through a variety of different routes. As nanomaterials get in contact with the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory tract, these biological compartments are acting as barriers to the passage of nano-sized materials into the organism. These structural and functional barriers are provided by the epithelia serving as an interface between biological compartments. In order to initiate the reduction, refinement and replacement of time consuming, expensive and stressful (to the animals) in vivo experimental approaches, many in vitro epithelial cell culture models have been developed during the last decades. This review therefore, focuses on the functional as well as structural aspects of epithelial cells as well as the most commonly used in vitro epithelial models of the primary biological barriers with which nanomaterials might come in contact with either occupationally, or during their manufacturing and application. The advantages and disadvantages of the different in vitro models are discussed in order to provide a clear overview as to whether or not epithelial cell cultures are an advantageous model to be used for basic mechanism and nanotoxicology research.
Single Fraction versus Multiple Fraction Radiotherapy for treatment of painful bone metastases: A Prospective Study; Mansoura experience
Authors: Anter Abeer Hussien
Published: July 2015

Purpose: Assessment of pain response in patients with bone metastasis after treating with two radiation schedules and to compare toxicity profile in both arms.

Patients & Methods: A prospective randomised study was designed to include 100 patients from May 2011 to May 2013. Patients with histopathologically proven primary malignancy having symptomatic secondary deposits to bone were selected for the study. Patients were randomised to 8 Gy in a single fraction (arm A) or 20 Gy in five fractions (arm B). Initial pain response was assessed using numeric rating scale, and compared using the same scale 3 months after completion of treatment. Acute toxicities were assessed using the radiation therapy oncology group criteria for adverse events

Results: Arm A comprised 51 patients while 49 patients were enrolled in Arm B. Baseline patient characteristics were comparable. Twelve patients were lost to follow-up. So the 3-month pain score assessment was completed by 88 of the 100 patients; A complete response was observed in 20.4% (18 patients) of the 88 patients, and partial response was observed in 54.5% (48 patients), for an overall response rate of 75% (66 of 88 patients); only 10% (9 patients) of the 88 patients had progression of pain. Mild GI toxicity was noted in both arms but differences in two arms were not statistically significant (p = 0.45), no interruption of treatment was required because of side effects.

Conclusions: In our study, we found both the radiation fractionation schedules for palliative bone metastasis treatment is equally effective in pain control.
Minimal potential results for the Schrödinger equation in a slab
Authors: De Carli Laura , Hudson Steve , Li Xiaosheng
Published: July 2015

Consider the Schrödinger equation

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

(

k
+
V

)

⁢
u

${-\Delta u=(k+V)u}$

in an
infinite slab

S
=

ℝ

n
-
1

×

(
0
,
1
)

${S=\mathbb{R}^{n-1}\times(0,1)}$

, where V has some type of decay at infinity; three specific types are
studied. For each type, we prove necessary conditions for the existence of
nontrivial admissible solutions. These conditions involve the norm
of V, and the distance of k from the set

𝒦
=

{

π
2

⁢

m
2

:

m
∈
ℕ

}

${{\mathcal{K}}=\{\pi^{2}m^{2}:m\in\mathbb{N}\}}$

. If

V
∈

L
∞

⁢

(
S
)

${V\in L^{\infty}(S)}$

is supported on a set D
of finite measure, then these conditions also involve the measure of
D, and, in many cases, the inequalities are sharp.
The classification of p-nilpotent restricted Lie algebras of dimension at most 4
Authors: Schneider Csaba , Usefi Hamid
Published: July 2015

In this paper we obtain the classification of p-nilpotent restricted Lie algebras of dimension at most 4
over a perfect field of positive characteristic p.
Neonicotinoids and their Metabolites in Human Biomonitoring: A Review
Authors: Kasiotis K.M. , Machera K.
Published: July 2015

Neonicotinoids (NNDs) constitute a major class of insecticides with a broad and versatile spectrum of applications in agriculture. Hence, their residues are found in several environmental compartments and can be transferred via several pathways to numerous organisms. Despite their profound impact on honeybees and wild bees (impairment of memory, impact on immune system), their presence in humans is far less reported, possibly due to the low to moderate toxicological effects that they elicit. The aim of the present review is to emphasize on developments in the biomonitoring of NNDs. It focuses mainly on chromatographic analysis of NNDs and their metabolites in human biological fluids, discussing key features, such as sample preparation and analytical method validation. Nonetheless, case reports regarding intoxication incidents are presented, highlighting the significance of such cases especially in the developing world.
Pathogenicity of indigenous strains of three entomopathogenic fungi to the sisal weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Gkounti V.T. , Markoyiannaki D. , Kontodimas D.Ch.
Published: July 2015

The pathogenicity of indigenous isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea was evaluated in the laboratory against larvae and adults of the sisal weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus. Inoculation was achieved via immersion of individuals into conidia suspensions of different concentrations. All three fungal species proved high pathogenicity against larvae of the weevil, causing 100% mortality in most of the treatments. Beauveria bassiana caused the highest mortality of the adults (86.67±12%), followed by M. anisopliae (46.67±17.8%) and I. fumosorosea (40±17.5%). Mean survival time also differed significantly among treatments and life stages of the weevil. In total, larvae survived significantly fewer days than adults post infection. Results of the present study indicate the potential of indigenous strains of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents against the invasive weevil.
Extending native mass spectrometry approaches to integral membrane proteins
Authors: Konijnenberg Albert , van Dyck Jeroen F. , Kailing Lyn L. , Sobott Frank
Published: July 2015

Recent developments in native mass spectrometry and ion mobility have made it possible to analyze the composition and structure of membrane protein complexes in the gas-phase. In this short review we discuss the experimental strategies that allow to elucidate aspects of the dynamic structure of these important drug targets, such as the structural effects of lipid binding or detection of co-populated conformational and assembly states during gating on an ion channel. As native mass spectrometry relies on nano-electrospray of natively reconstituted proteins, a number of commonly used lipid- and detergent-based reconstitution systems have been evaluated for their compatibility with this approach, and parameters for the release of intact, native-like folded membrane proteins studied in the gas-phase. The strategy thus developed can be employed for the investigation of the subunit composition and stoichiometry, oligomeric state, conformational changes, and lipid and drug binding of integral membrane proteins.
Generalizing Experimental Findings
Authors: Pearl Judea
Published: July 2015

This note examines one of the most crucial questions in causal inference: “How generalizable are randomized clinical trials?” The question has received a formal treatment recently, using a non-parametric setting, and has led to a simple and general solution. I will describe this solution and several of its ramifications, and compare it to the way researchers have attempted to tackle the problem using the language of ignorability. We will see that ignorability-type assumptions need to be enriched with structural assumptions in order to capture the full spectrum of conditions that permit generalizations, and in order to judge their plausibility in specific applications.
Social Media and the Virality of Risk: The Risk Amplification through Media Spread (RAMS) Model
Authors: Vijaykumar Santosh , Jin Yan , Nowak Glen
Published: July 2015

Social media have transformed traditional configurations of how risk signals related to an infectious disease outbreak (IDO) are transmitted from public health authorities to the general public. However, our understanding of how social media might influence risk perceptions during these situations, and the influence of such processes on ensuing societal responses remains limited. This paper draws on key ideas from the Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), Socially Mediated Crisis Communication (SMCC) model and a case study of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) social media management of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic to propose a new conceptual model. The Risk Amplification through Media Spread (RAMS) model brings clarity to the new complexities in media management of IDOs by delineating the processes of message diffusion and risk amplification through communication channels that are often highly integrated due to social media. The model offers recommendations for communication priorities during different stages of an IDO. The paper concludes with a discussion of the RAMS model from theoretical and applied perspectives, and sets the direction for future conceptual refinement and empirical testing.
Closing the Citizen-Government Communication Gap: Content, Audience, and Network Analysis of Government Tweets
Authors: Wukich Clayton , Mergel Ines
Published: July 2015

A key task in emergency management is the timely dissemination of information to decision makers across different scales of operations, particularly to individual citizens. Incidents over the past decade highlight communication gaps between government and constituents that have led to suboptimal outcomes. Social media can provide valuable tools to reduce those gaps. This article contributes to the existing literature on social media use by empirically demonstrating how and to what extent state-level emergency management agencies employ social media to increase public participation and promote behavioral changes intended to reduce household and community risk. Research to this point has empirically examined only response and recovery phases related to this process. This article addresses each phase of emergency management through the analysis of Twitter messages posted over a 3-month period. Our research demonstrates that while most messages conformed to traditional one-to-many government communication tactics, a number of agencies employed interactive approaches including one-to-one and many-to-many strategies.
Conceptualizing the Developmental State in Resource-Rich Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ghebremusse Sara
Published: July 2015

This paper uses the “developmental state” model to conceptualize state participation in African extractive sectors. What form thss can take in resource-rich states has not been extensively studied, since most countries labeled as “developmental states” lacked significant natural resources. Borrowing from the experiences of “successful” African developmental states – notably Botswana and Mauritius – this paper proposes a graduated developmental state model that is driven by state capacity, both fiscally and structurally. This paper is divided as follows:
Unique loss of cheek teeth and subsequent ossification in a mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus)
Authors: Zeveloff Samuel I. , Schulze Christopher R.
Published: July 2015

We report the unprecedented occurrence of the virtually complete loss of cheek teeth on the cranium of an adult male mountain goat (
Numerical solution of an inverse problem of coefficient recovering for
a wave equation by a stochastic projection methods
Authors: Kabanikhin Sergey I. , Sabelfeld Karl K. , Novikov Nikita S. , Shishlenin Maxim A.
Published: July 2015

An inverse problem of reconstructing the two-dimensional coefficient of the wave equation is solved by a stochastic projection method. We apply the Gel'fand–Levitan approach to reduce the nonlinear inverse problem to a family of linear integral equations. The stochastic projection method is applied to solve the relevant linear system. We analyze the structure of the problem to increase the efficiency of the method by constructing an improved initial approximation. A smoothing spline is used to treat the random errors of the method. The method has low cost and memory requirements. Results of numerical calculations are presented.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction For Detection Of Optimal Thermal Profile For DNA Templates From Air-Dried Insect Collection Material
Authors: Kokina Inese , Barševskis Arvīds , Latvele Rita , Aksjuta Kristīna , Jahundoviča Inese
Published: July 2015

The thermal profile for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is the main concern in obtaining the PCR product. Determination of optimal thermal profile can be achieved by various techniques, the main objectives of which are simplicity and cost effectiveness of the method. Real-time PCR is a novel molecular biology method widely used in different fields, recognised by its accuracy and precision. In the present work, the thermal profile was estimated for DNA from air-dried collection material of Notiophilus genus and new sequences were obtained for Gene-Bank. Air-dried entomological collections exist around the world and the use of DNA from such type of material is widespread and offers various unique preferences. The purpose of the study was to assess the suitability of different primer annealing temperatures (42 °C – 55 °C) for universal mitochondrial DNA COI gene primer pair HCO/LCO using real-time PCR method. During this study we demonstrate that real-time PCR could be useful to determine the optimal thermal profile for low-yield DNA for increasing the number of qualitative DNA sequences.
Genus Sisymbrium L. (Rockets) In The Flora Of Latvia
Authors: Rūrāne Ieva , Roze Ieva
Published: July 2015

One of the largest genera in the Cruciferae family in Latvia is Sisymbrium L. The genus includes not only native, but also some alien species. The distributions of the Sisymbrium species were reviewed for the first time in the last 50th years in Latvia. The distribution data were compiled from herbarium material, literature and field surveys. An identification key for the Sisymbrium species in Latvia and detailed scientific nomenclature are presented in the current study. In total, seven species of Sisymbrium were found in Latvia — S. supinum L., S. loeselii L., S. polymorphum (Murray) Roth, S. volgense M. Bieb. ex E. Fourn., S. altissimum L., S. orientale L. and S. officinale (L.) Scop. The mainly were recorded in railway verges, roadsides, waste dumps and wasteland. Five species of the genus are alien to the flora of Latvia — S. loeselii, S. altissimum, S. polymorphum, S. orientale, and S. volgense; two are native — S. supinum and S. officinale.
Impact Of Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) And Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Bark Extracts On Important Strawberry Pathogens
Authors: Minova Sandra , Sešķēna Rita , Voitkāne Santa , Metla Zane , Daugavietis Māris , Jankevica Līga
Published: July 2015

Phytopathogenic fungi induced considerable economic losses in strawberry production industry; therefore, more attention should be paid to development and implementation of preventative treatment that is environmentally friendly. Coniferous trees produce a wide variety of compounds, such as terpenoids and phenolics. Several studies are known on fungicidal activity of different components of coniferous tree bark. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) bark ethanol extracts impact on pathogenous fungi causing diseases of strawberries. Products of processed pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies) bark were tested. During 2011 to 2013, several in vitro experiments were carried out to test the effectiveness of pine and spruce bark extracts against various phytopathogenic fungi isolated from strawberries: Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Phytophthora cactorum and Mycosphaerella fragariae. Radial growth tests showed that coniferous bark extracts inhibit mycelial growth of B. cinerea, C. acutatum, P. cactorum and M. fragariae. Extracts had the highest antifungal effect on B. cinerea two and five days after inoculation (p < 0.05). Bark extracts can reduce the sporulation of B. cinerea, C. acutatum and P. cactorum.
Propaganda mala fide: Towards a comparative semiotics of violent religious persuasion
Authors: Leone Massimo
Published: July 2015

Not all religious proselytizing is conducive to violence, yet some is, and adopts specific words, images, sounds, and other signs in order to convey its message. Defying frontiers among historical epochs, confessions, and disciplines, the essay develops a cross-cultural, trans-historical, and comparative reading of violent religious propaganda, focusing on messages and media that promote radicalization and the consequent mission to defeat the enemy disbeliever. In particular, the essay puts the current phenomenon of jihadist online propaganda into historical and comparative perspective.
The poetry of sound and the sound of poetry: Navajo poetry, phonological iconicity, and linguistic relativity
Authors: Webster Anthony K.
Published: July 2015

This article takes seriously Edward Sapir’s observation about poetry as an example of linguistic relativity. Taking my cue from Dwight Bolinger’s “word affinities,” this article reports on the ways sounds of poetry evoke and convoke imaginative possibilities through phonological iconicity. In working with Navajos in translating poetry, I have come to appreciate the sound suggestiveness of that poetry and the imaginative possibilities that are bound up in the sounds of Navajo. It seems that just such sound suggestiveness via phonological iconicity and the ways they orient our imaginations are a crucial locus for thinking through linguistic relativities.