bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of electrolyte-gate nanocrystalline diamond- based field effect transistor (NCD-EGFET) for HIV-1 Tat protein detection
Authors: Ahmad Nurul Atiqah , Rahim Ruslinda A , Ismail Nur Syakimah , Rezek Bohuslav
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we reported on the fabrication process of electrolyte-gate field effect transistor using nanocrystalline diamond as a sensing transducer. The fabrication procedure was begin with the growth of nanocrystalline diamond thin film on silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2) substrate using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Then the photolithography process was performed in order to design and pattern the field effect transistor device with the active gate channel of 60 µm length and 20 µm width. Each device consists of three active gate channel which connecting to three different pairs of source and drain contact. The surface morphology of fabricated NCD-EGFET was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope to clarify the active gate channel of the device and the grain size of nanocrystaline diamond. The current-voltage (I-V) measurement of the device were carried out to study the electrical behaviour for HIV-1 Tat protein detection via RNA aptamer as sensing probe.
Comparison of mechanical behaviour of microstructures of 2024 aluminium alloy containing precipitates of different morphologies
Authors: Staszczyk Anna , Sawicki Jacek
Published: March 2020

The phenomena occurring in the microstructure of the material are responsible for its macroscopic properties, such as strength, hardness, and toughness. Strengthening phases with the appropriate composition and characteristics increase the strength of the alloy. However, excess brittle intermetallic phases may cause problems with cracking and plasticity of the material. The amount and morphology of those particles are related to the chemical composition of the alloy. Simulation of tensile loading of the microstructure of three different 2024 aluminium alloys shows how the distribution of intermetallic phases affects stress states in the material. The results show that variations in the amount of the alloying additions in the range described by the standard can influence the deformation mechanisms in the material.
Design and Implementation of Battery Management System for Portable Solar Panel with Coulomb Counting Method
Authors: Afif A R , Aprillia B S , Priharti W
Published: March 2020

Secondary batteries are commonly used as the storage of energy produced by solar panels. However, the utilization of a battery without proper management can cause damage due to overcharging and over-discharging. This study aims to design a battery management system (BMS) on a Valve Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) battery. The method used was the battery State of Charge (SOC) estimation using Coulomb Counting (CC) method. The results showed that the BMS was successfully designed and implemented to automatically cut-off the current when the SOC value is 100% (charging limit) and 20% (discharging limit).
Design On-Grid Solar Power System for 450 VA Conventional Housing using HOMER Software
Authors: Aprillia Bandiyah Sri , Foury Rigoursyah Muhammad Agung
Published: March 2020

The on-grid solar power system is a solution that can fulfil the ever-increasing demands for electricity. The important role of a solar grid system is to save and reduce the cost of electricity, particularly those with high energy usage in the daytime. This research aims to design a configuration for placing a solar grid system in the housings for the city of Bandung, Indonesia. The research method used is to collect solar radiation data, tool specifications, and other data needed, and then proceed to optimise on these bases. On-grid solar power system design requires the software HOMER. HOMER is used to find the correct system configuration, payback period, and the best NPC technically. Based on the result of optimization, the system configuration can fill the needs of electricity by about 42%for daily consumption with a total NPC cost of around thirty eighty million one hundred thousand with four years payback period.
Sudomy: Information Gathering Tools for Subdomain Enumeration and Analysis
Authors: Ramadhan Rizdqi Akbar , Aresta Redho Maland , Hariyadi Dedy
Published: March 2020

In general, system security has become a crucial element in the digital aspect. Technically, evaluating the system there are aspects, one of which is by conducting a security assessment. Specifically, each system that will be evaluated is the essence of vulnerability search. The information security assessment is a form of awareness regarding cyberattacks that always increases from year to year. The assessment process can be carried out by an internal team and/or external auditor. The stages of evaluation by internal teams are certainly different from those of external parties. External auditors in conducting assessments need to learn or get as much information as possible related to the target, which in this case is in the form of a subdomain. Therefore, we need applications that support effective and efficient Information Gathering to assist in analysis and reporting. There are still many Information Gathering applications that do not include reporting and data validation systems. In this study, it is proposed to develop applications to support the Information Gathering stage which makes it easier for Cyber Security researchers/analysts.
Detection of Object Changes in Low Contrast Image Using Template Matching Method
Authors: Amri I K , Murinto
Published: March 2020

This research uses a contrast stretching method to improve the detected object image. This process is needed because of the lack of lighting in the room so it is difficult to identify properly. This research develops an image object change detection system to detect the movement of objects contained in a room through a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera which is conducted simulations using a webcam camera using a template matching method with normalized cross-correlation techniques. The results of detecting changes in image objects are then made to compare between the reference image and image before there is an object change with the image after the object changes. System testing is carried out at a certain time, namely 07.00-17.00 WIB. The level of accuracy to identify the detection of changes in image objects using the template matching method with normalized cross-correlation technique is 85% for the category of no change in min (0.01025) and max (0.02088) and changes in min (0.01640) and max (-0.00513).
Dragon Fruit Maturity Detection Based-HSV Space Color Using Naive Bayes Classifier Method
Authors: Khisanudin I S , Murinto
Published: March 2020

Color is one of the elements to determine the level of maturity of the fruit because each level of maturity of the fruit has a different color level. At present, the dragon fruit is only classified based on a visual analysis of the skin color of the human eye. This study aims to classify dragon fruit using image processing with the naïve Bayes method based on HSV color space. The color feature used in this study is RGB which has been converted to an HSV value, after getting an HSV value then classified using the naïve Bayes method. Image data used amounted to 120 training images and 30 test images. The results of the classification of dragon fruit using the naïve Bayes method based on HSV color space can show an accuracy rate of 86.6%.
Preliminary Study of Gaultherin Extraction from Gandapura Through Uv-Photo Extraction
Authors: Sutrisno  , Ariwibowo D , Yulianto M E , Maulinda N A
Published: March 2020

Gaultherin in gandapura can be extracted using hot water and calcium carbonate, followed by solvent extraction using acetic ester hydrate at a temperature of 100 °C. However, the process yields only 4 g/kg of fresh leaves. A technique of simultaneously gaultherase enzyme inactivation and gaultherin extraction with ethanol solvent should be studied. Preliminary studies of Gaultherin extraction with ethanol has been done and it is able to obtain gaultherin up to 14.46% at pH 8. This study will examine the development of the process photo-extraction-UV and osmosis dehydration simultaneously. The advantages of this process are (i) the gaultherase enzyme experiences unfolding, resulting in reduced hydrolysis reaction, (ii) increase in gaultherin yield, (iii) needs less energy, and (iv) purification of the product would be lighter. Study of the effect of solvent concentration and extraction time on gaultherin recovery was carried out for 2 months in the Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Operations at UNDIP Vocational School. Variables include dependent and independent variables. Dependent variables include the solvent-feed ratio of 5:1, pH 4.8, 75 rpm of mixer speed, chopper blades speed of 125 rpm, a drying temperature of 80 °C. Independent Variables include ethanol concentration at 80, 85, 90, and 95%. Extraction time for 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes. The result shows that gandapura extraction using ethanol had dual function, inactivate gaultherase enzymes and extract the active compounds gaultherin. Gaultherin yields was increased by increasing the duration of extraction. Whereas increasing the concentration of the solvent, gaultherin extracted was decreased.
Community Perception of The Use of Shelter as Tsunami Mitigation In The Coastal Areas of Padang City
Authors: Hesna Y , Sunaryati J , Suandi A , Supani
Published: March 2020

After the 2009 earthquake occurred, found liquefaction at several points of the Padang coast. To respond to this, the government built several shelters in Padang City to minimise the impact of tsunami or earthquakes in the future. However, it was found that there was still a minimum of people to evacuate themself to the shelter. Based on these conditions, this research intends to conduct on community’s perception of Shelters as a tsunami mitigation effort in the coastal areas of Padang City. This research was carried out with direct studies in the field, questionnaire interviews with the community, and those with experience in this field, namely BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency) and KOGAMI (Tsunami Alert Community). The objects of this research are four main shelters of Padang City, namely Ulak Karang shelter, Air Tawar shelter, Darussalam Mosque shelter, Nurul Haq mosque shelter. Fifteen respondents for each shelter will be interviewed. Based on the results of the study obtained important things that affect people’s perceptions of the existence of Shelters and the use of shelter as an evacuation point.
The planning of campus bus in Islamic University of Indonesia with geographic system information
Authors: Romadhona P J , Hapsari A I
Published: March 2020

Islamic University of Indonesia (UII) has more than 23.000 active students during 2018/2019 period. With a large number of students, there is high mobility on campus. Traffic jam often occurs in UII during rush hour since students have classes on campus. Additionally, the parking lot always reach the maximum index. Therefore, one of many solutions can be done to reduce traffic jam and lack of parking lot is by planning a campus bus in UII so that students do not need to ride a vehicle to campus. The planning of campus bus in UII consists of demand analysis, route analysis, bus stop analysis, and calculate the number of campus bus needed. Demand analysis was by distributed 500 questionnaires to respondents. The route analysis considered demands, potential areas, and road width. Bus stop analysis based on Decree of Directorate General of Transportation number 271 of 1996, catchment areas, and demands. Analysis for calculating the number of bus campus based on Decree of Directorate General of Transportation number 271 of 1996. The result of this research were three routes for campus bus in UII. Route 1 had 20 bus stops, route 2 had 19 stops, and route 3 had 17. The type of bus used were 16 seats of Isuzu Elf. There were six units for route 1, 7 units for route 2, and 5 units for route 3.
The Effect of Iron Powder Waste as a Replacement of Amount of Fillers on HRS (Hot Rolled Sheet)
Authors: Anjarwati Sulfah , Santosa Panji Dwi
Published: March 2020

Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS) HRS is used on roads with moderate traffic loads, Hot Rolled Sheet is flexible and has high durability, this is due to the mixture of HRS with lame gradations having a large cavity in the mixture, so as to absorb the amount of asphalt large amounts (7-8%) without bleeding, due to the nature of the HRS above, the author chose the HRS pavement type to be modified so that the stability and flow values increased. This study was aimed to determined how much influence iron waste have on stability and flow. This study was used an experimental method that is with a laboratory experiment to get the results, thus the effect of the utilization of iron powder waste on HRS (hot rolled shett) pavement with variations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of filler weight. From the results of this study was found that: Iron powder based on gradation and specific gravity test and water absorption has fulfilled the requirements as fillers as regulated in SNI 03-4142-1996. From the Marshall test data obtained, variations that meet the requirements for the properties of Marshall parameters for HRS-WC pavement are variations of 5% and 10%. Percentage of addition of iron powder variation from filler weight which results in the highest stability and flow and fulfills all characteristics the Marshall parameter is a variation of 10%.
Magnetostatic dipolar anisotropy energy and anisotropy constants in arrays of ferromagnetic nanowires as a function of their radius and interwall distance
Authors: Cabria I , Prida V M
Published: March 2020

Magnetostatic dipolar anisotropy energy and the total dipolar anisotropy constant,

K

total

, in periodic arrays of ferromagnetic nanowires have been calculated as a function of the nanowire radius, the interwall distance of the nanowires in the arrays and the geometry of the array (square or hexagonal), by using a realistic atomistic model and the Ewald method. The simulated nanowires have a radius size up to 175 Å that corresponds to 31 500 atoms, and the simulated nanowire arrays have interwall distances between 35 and 3000 Å. The dependence of total magnetostatic dipolar anisotropy constant on the nanowire radius, their interwall distance and the type of array symmetry has been analyzed. The total dipolar anisotropy constant, which is the sum of the intrananowire dipolar anisotropy constant,

K

intra

, due to the dipolar interactions inside an isolated nanowire and the main responsible of the shape anisotropy, and of the internanowire dipolar anisotropy constant,

K

inter

, due to the magnetostatic dipolar interactions among nanowires in the array, have been calculated and compared with the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant for three nanowire compositions and their crystalline structures. The simulations of the nanowire arrays with large interwall distances have been used to calculate the intrananowire anisotropy constant,

K

intra

, and to analyze the competition between the intrananowire, internanowire and magnetocrystalline anisotropies. According to some magnetic theories, the ratio

∣

K

inter

/

K

intra

∣

equals to the areal filling fraction of a nanowire array. Present calculations indicate that the equation for the areal filling fraction matches perfectly for any interwall distance and radius of Ni and Co nanowire arrays. This first equation is used to write a general equation that relates the radius and interwall distance of nanowire arrays with the intrananowire, internanowire and magnetocrystalline anisotropies. This general equation allows to design the geometry of nanowire arrays with the desired orientation of the easy magnetization axis.
Deep learning-guided surface characterization for autonomous hydrogen lithography
Authors: Rashidi Mohammad , Croshaw Jeremiah , Mastel Kieran , Tamura Marcus , Hosseinzadeh Hedieh , Wolkow Robert A
Published: March 2020

As the development of atom scale devices transitions from novel, proof-of-concept demonstrations to state-of-the-art commercial applications, automated assembly of such devices must be implemented. Here we present an automation method for the identification of defects prior to atomic fabrication via hydrogen lithography using deep learning. We trained a convolutional neural network to locate and differentiate between surface features of the technologically relevant hydrogen-terminated silicon surface imaged using a scanning tunneling microscope. Once the positions and types of surface features are determined, the predefined atomic structures are patterned in a defect-free area. By training the network to differentiate between common defects we are able to avoid charged defects as well as edges of the patterning terraces. Augmentation with previously developed autonomous tip shaping and patterning modules allows for atomic scale lithography with minimal user intervention.
Directional Bias in Line Orientation Test Errors in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Riordan Patrick , Kletzel Sandra L , Lahr Genessa , Walter Jamie , Wilson Randi
Published: March 2020

Objective

Value in evaluating error subtypes on visuospatial line orientation tests has been reported. Directional bias metrics for line orientation test errors represent easily quantifiable data that have not previously been studied. We evaluated whether patients with a clinical condition known to affect visuospatial functioning (Parkinson’s disease [PD]) exhibited unique directional error patterns on the RBANS Line Orientation test relative to other neuropsychology-referred patients.

Method

We compared overall directional bias in errors, directional bias by line location (left or right line and visual field), and absolute error rates (regardless of direction) by line location in a retrospective sample of patients with PD and a sample of neuropsychology-referred patients without PD. Groups were roughly matched on age, education, gender, and overall level of cognitive impairment.

Results

Patients with PD exhibited higher rates of leftward bias in errors, both overall and for the left stimulus line in each pair. Directional bias error scores better predicted PD versus non-PD group status than RBANS Line Orientation raw scores. Classification accuracy data for these variables were modest in the entire sample but stronger in a subsample of patients with mild levels of overall cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

Directional bias metrics for line orientation tests represent easily quantifiable data with potential theoretical and clinical value. In our sample, patients with PD made more left-biased line orientation errors than other neuropsychology-referred patients. By themselves, directional bias scores may have limited diagnostic potential, but they may be useful in diagnostic classification models and may have implications for clinical care.
CPVA: a web-based metabolomic tool for chromatographic peak visualization and annotation
Authors: Luan Hemi , Jiang Xingen , Ji Fenfen , Lan Zhangzhang , Cai Zongwei , Zhang Wenyong
Published: March 2020

Motivation

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics is routinely performed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze a tremendous amount of metabolite signals in complex biological samples. However, false-positive peaks in the datasets are commonly detected as metabolite signals by using many popular software, resulting in non-reliable measurement.

Results

To reduce false-positive calling, we developed an interactive web tool, termed CPVA, for visualization and accurate annotation of the detected peaks in non-targeted metabolomics data. We used a chromatogram-centric strategy to unfold the characteristics of chromatographic peaks through visualization of peak morphology metrics, with additional functions to annotate adducts, isotopes and contaminants. CPVA is a free, user-friendly tool to help users to identify peak background noises and contaminants, resulting in decrease of false-positive or redundant peak calling, thereby improving the data quality of non-targeted metabolomics studies.

Availability and implementation

The CPVA is freely available at http://cpva.eastus.cloudapp.azure.com. Source code and installation instructions are available on GitHub: https://github.com/13479776/cpva.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Combined Neural Tuning in Human Ventral Temporal Cortex Resolves the Perceptual Ambiguity of Morphed 2D Images
Authors: Rosenke Mona , Davidenko Nicolas , Grill-Spector Kalanit , Weiner Kevin S
Published: March 2020

We have an amazing ability to categorize objects in the world around us. Nevertheless, how cortical regions in human ventral temporal cortex (VTC), which is critical for categorization, support this behavioral ability, is largely unknown. Here, we examined the relationship between neural responses and behavioral performance during the categorization of morphed silhouettes of faces and hands, which are animate categories processed in cortically adjacent regions in VTC. Our results reveal that the combination of neural responses from VTC face- and body-selective regions more accurately explains behavioral categorization than neural responses from either region alone. Furthermore, we built a model that predicts a person’s behavioral performance using estimated parameters of brain–behavior relationships from a different group of people. Moreover, we show that this brain–behavior model generalizes to adjacent face- and body-selective regions in lateral occipitotemporal cortex. Thus, while face- and body-selective regions are located within functionally distinct domain-specific networks, cortically adjacent regions from both networks likely integrate neural responses to resolve competing and perceptually ambiguous information from both categories.
Continuity and change in national riskscapes: a New Zealand perspective on the challenges for climate governance theory and practice
Authors: White Iain , Lawrence Judy
Published: March 2020

Climate change challenges how policy agents imagine and manage risks in space and time. The impacts are dynamic, uncertain and contested. We use riskscapes as a lens to analyse how New Zealand has perceived and mediated natural hazard and climate risks over time. We identify five different national riskscapes using a historical timeline, which have changed as global risks cascade into national and sub-national governance. We find that while there has been a major effort to reflect the dynamic and systemic language of risk theory in national policy, a significant challenge remains to develop appropriate governance and implementation strategies and to shift from long-held ways of doing and knowing.
AAV-mediated ERdj5 overexpression protects against P23H rhodopsin toxicity
Authors: Aguilà Monica , Bellingham James , Athanasiou Dimitra , Bevilacqua Dalila , Duran Yanai , Maswood Ryea , Parfitt David A , Iwawaki Takao , Spyrou Giannis , Smith Alexander J , Ali Robin R , Cheetham Michael E
Published: March 2020

Rhodopsin misfolding caused by the P23H mutation is a major cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). To date, there are no effective treatments for adRP. The BiP co-chaperone and reductase ERdj5 (DNAJC10) is part of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control machinery, and previous studies have shown that overexpression of ERdj5 in vitro enhanced the degradation of P23H rhodopsin, whereas knockdown of ERdj5 increased P23H rhodopsin ER retention and aggregation. Here, we investigated the role of ERdj5 in photoreceptor homeostasis in vivo by using an Erdj5 knockout mouse crossed with the P23H knock-in mouse and by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene augmentation of ERdj5 in P23H-3 rats. Electroretinogram (ERG) and optical coherence tomography of Erdj5−/− and P23H+/−:Erdj5−/− mice showed no effect of ERdj5 ablation on retinal function or photoreceptor survival. Rhodopsin levels and localization were similar to those of control animals at a range of time points. By contrast, when AAV2/8-ERdj5-HA was subretinally injected into P23H-3 rats, analysis of the full-field ERG suggested that overexpression of ERdj5 reduced visual function loss 10 weeks post-injection (PI). This correlated with a significant preservation of photoreceptor cells at 4 and 10 weeks PI. Assessment of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) morphology showed preserved ONL thickness and reduced rhodopsin retention in the ONL in the injected superior retina. Overall, these data suggest that manipulation of the ER quality control and ER-associated degradation factors to promote mutant protein degradation could be beneficial for the treatment of adRP caused by mutant rhodopsin.
Development and validation of Houston Methodist Variant Viewer version 3: updates to our application for interpretation of next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Christensen Paul A , Subedi Sishir , Pepper Kristi , Hendrickson Heather L , Li Zejuan , Thomas Jessica S , Long S Wesley , Olsen Randall J
Published: March 2020

Objectives

Informatics tools that support next-generation sequencing workflows are essential to deliver timely interpretation of somatic variants in cancer. Here, we describe significant updates to our laboratory developed bioinformatics pipelines and data management application termed Houston Methodist Variant Viewer (HMVV).

Materials and Methods

We collected feature requests and workflow improvement suggestions from the end-users of HMVV version 1. Over 1.5 years, we iteratively implemented these features in five sequential updates to HMVV version 3.

Results

We improved the performance and data throughput of the application while reducing the opportunity for manual data entry errors. We enabled end-user workflows for pipeline monitoring, variant interpretation and annotation, and integration with our laboratory information system. System maintenance was improved through enhanced defect reporting, heightened data security, and improved modularity in the code and system environments.

Discussion and Conclusion

Validation of each HMVV update was performed according to expert guidelines. We enabled an 8× reduction in the bioinformatics pipeline computation time for our longest running assay. Our molecular pathologists can interpret the assay results at least 2 days sooner than was previously possible. The application and pipeline code are publicly available at https://github.com/hmvv.
High Throughput Residue Analysis of Indaziflam and its Metabolites in Palm Oil Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Halim Norizah , Kuntom Ainie , Shinde Raviraj , Banerjee Kaushik
Published: March 2020

Background

Indaziflam (IND) is a herbicide that is used in palm oil plantations for broad spectrum management of weeds. Until now, no validated method has been available for residue estimation of this herbicide in palm oil products.

Objective

In this study, we report a rapid method for the residue analysis of IND and its metabolites, viz., IND-carboxylic acid, diaminotriazine, and triazine indanone in a wide range of palm oil matrices using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Method

The optimized sample preparation workflows included two options: (1) acetonitrile extraction (QuEChERS workflow), followed by freezing at −80°C and (2) acetonitrile extraction, followed by cleanup through a C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The optimized LC runtime was 7 min. All these analytes were estimated by LC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring.

Results

Both sample preparation methods provided similar method performance and acceptable results. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of IND, IND-carboxylic acid, and triazine indanone was 0.001 mg/kg. For diaminotriazine, the LOQ was 0.005 mg/kg. The method accuracy and precision complied with the SANTE/12682/2019 guidelines of analytical quality control.

Conclusions

The potentiality of the method lies in a high throughput analysis of IND and its metabolites in a single chromatographic run with high selectivity and sensitivity. Considering its fit-for-purpose performance, the method can be implemented in regulatory testing of IND residues in a wide range of palm oil matrices that are consumed and traded worldwide.

Highlights

This work has provided a validated method for simultaneous residue analysis of indaziflam and its metabolites in crude palm oil and its derived matrices with high sensitivity, selectivity, and throughput.
Large mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas during pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Carvalho Lúcia , Ferreira Tiago , Frutuoso Luísa , Matos Leonor , Castro Tiago , Rodrigues Domingos , Oliveira Vera , Gonçalves Gil , Nora Mário , Scigliano Horácio
Published: March 2020

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of the pancreas occurring during pregnancy constitute a rare condition requiring special management due to its large size, malignant potential and the risk of fetal growth restriction. The key points to manage MCNs are to perform a correct diagnosis, accurately evaluate the grade of malignant potential in order to establish the right time for pancreatic surgery and to choose the most appropriate fetal mode of delivery. We describe a case of an incidental abdominal mass detected in a third-trimester pregnant woman. At surgery, a huge pancreatic cystic tumour was found and a distal pancreatectomy with splenic preservation was performed. The histopathological analysis revealed an MCN of the pancreas with low-grade dysplasia. To our knowledge, this is the largest pancreatic MCN detected in a pregnant woman reported in the literature and one of the few successfully resected after vaginal delivery.
Role of ureides in source-to-sink transport of photoassimilates in non-fixing soybean
Authors: Thu Sandi Win , Lu Ming-Zhu , Carter Amanda M , Collier Ray , Gandin Anthony , Sitton Ciera Chenoa , Tegeder Mechthild
Published: March 2020

Nitrogen (N)-fixing soybean plants use the ureides allantoin and allantoic acid as major long-distance transport forms of N, but in non-fixing, non-nodulated plants amino acids mainly serve in source-to-sink N allocation. However, some ureides are still synthesized in roots of non-fixing soybean, and our study addresses the role of ureide transport processes in those plants. In previous work, legume ureide permeases (UPSs) were identified that are involved in cellular import of allantoin and allantoic acid. Here, UPS1 from common bean was expressed in the soybean phloem, which resulted in enhanced source-to-sink transport of ureides in the transgenic plants. This was accompanied by increased ureide synthesis and elevated allantoin and allantoic acid root-to-sink transport. Interestingly, amino acid assimilation, xylem transport, and phloem partitioning to sinks were also strongly up-regulated. In addition, photosynthesis and sucrose phloem transport were improved in the transgenic plants. These combined changes in source physiology and assimilate partitioning resulted in increased vegetative growth and improved seed numbers. Overall, the results support that ureide transport processes in non-fixing plants affect source N and carbon acquisition and assimilation as well as source-to-sink translocation of N and carbon assimilates with consequences for plant growth and seed development.
A New Source for the History of Eighteenth-Century Bookselling: The Journal of Stephen Armitage
Authors: King Patrick J
Published: March 2020

This article brings to light and discusses a rare survival, the journal of an eighteenth-century bookdealer, identified here as the Irish seller Stephen Armitage (d. 1799). The journal details business and leisure activities in England and Ireland between 1776 and 1784 and includes ten contemporary topographical plates pasted in.
The impact of the fiducial cosmology assumption on BAO distance scale measurements
Authors: Carter Paul , Beutler Florian , Percival Will J , DeRose Joseph , Wechsler Risa H , Zhao Cheng
Published: March 2020

Standard analysis pipelines for measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in galaxy surveys make use of a fiducial cosmological model to guide the data compression required to transform from observed redshifts and angles to the measured angular and radial BAO peak positions. In order to remove any dependence on the fiducial cosmology from the results, all models compared to the data should mimic the compression and its dependence on the fiducial model. In practice, approximations are made when testing models: (1) There is assumed to be no residual dependence on the fiducial cosmology after reconstruction, (2) differences in the distance–redshift relationship are assumed to match a linear scaling, and (3) differences in clustering between true and fiducial models are assumed to be removed by the free parameters used to null the non-BAO signal. We test these approximations using the current standard measurement procedure with a set of halo catalogues from the aemulus suite of N-body simulations, which span a range of wCDM cosmological models. We focus on reconstruction of the primordial BAO and locating the BAO. For the range of wCDM cosmologies covered by the aemulus suite, we find no evidence for systematic errors in the measured BAO shift parameters α∥ and α⊥ to $\lt 0.1\%$. However, the measured errors $\sigma _{\alpha _{\parallel }}$ and $\sigma _{\alpha _{\bot }}$ show a notable absolute increase by up to +0.001 and +0.002, respectively, in the case that the fiducial cosmology does not match the truth. These effects on the inferred BAO scale will be important, given the precision of measurements expected from future surveys including DESI, Euclid, and WFIRST.
Local AGN survey (LASr): I. Galaxy sample, infrared colour selection, and predictions for AGN within 100 Mpc
Authors: Asmus D , Greenwell C L , Gandhi P , Boorman P G , Aird J , Alexander D M , Assef R J , Baldi R D , Davies R I , Hönig S F , Ricci C , Rosario D J , Salvato M , Shankar F , Stern D
Published: March 2020

To answer major questions on supermassive black hole (SMBH) and galaxy evolution, a complete census of SMBH growth, i.e. active galactic nuclei (AGN), is required. Thanks to all-sky surveys by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) missions, this task is now feasible in the nearby Universe. We present a new survey, the Local AGN Survey (LASr), with the goal of identifying AGN unbiased against obscuration and determining the intrinsic Compton-thick (CT) fraction. We construct the most complete all-sky galaxy sample within 100 Mpc ($90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ completeness for log (M*/M⊙) ∼ 9.4), four times deeper than the current reference, the Two Micron All-Sky Survey Redshift Survey (2MRS), which misses ${\sim}20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of known luminous AGN. These 49k galaxies serve as parent sample for LASr, called LASr-GPS. It contains 4.3k already known AGN, $\ge 82{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of these are estimated to have $L^\mathrm{nuc}(12\, \mu \mathrm{m})\lt 10^{42.3}$ erg s−1, i.e. are low-luminosity AGN. As a first method for identifying Seyfert-like AGN, we use WISE-based infrared colours, finding 221 galaxies at $L^\mathrm{nuc}(12\, \mu \mathrm{m})\ge 10^{42.3}$ erg s−1 to host an AGN at $90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ reliability. This includes 61 new AGN candidates and implies an optical type 2 fraction of 50–71 per cent. We quantify the efficiency of this technique and estimate the total number of AGN with $L^\mathrm{int}(\rm {2-10\,keV})\ge 10^{42}$ erg s−1 in the volume to be $362^{+145}_{-116}$ ($8.6^{+3.5}_{-2.8}\, \times$ 10−5 Mpc−3). X-ray brightness estimates indicate the CT fraction to be 40–55 per cent to explain the Swift non-detections of the infrared selected objects. One third of the AGN within 100 Mpc remain to be identified, and we discuss the prospects for the eROSITA all-sky survey to detect them.
EXO1 resection at G-quadruplex structures facilitates resolution and replication
Authors: Stroik Susanna , Kurtz Kevin , Lin Kevin , Karachenets Sergey , Myers Chad L , Bielinsky Anja-Katrin , Hendrickson Eric A
Published: March 2020

G-quadruplexes represent unique roadblocks to DNA replication, which tends to stall at these secondary structures. Although G-quadruplexes can be found throughout the genome, telomeres, due to their G-richness, are particularly predisposed to forming these structures and thus represent difficult-to-replicate regions. Here, we demonstrate that exonuclease 1 (EXO1) plays a key role in the resolution of, and replication through, telomeric G-quadruplexes. When replication forks encounter G-quadruplexes, EXO1 resects the nascent DNA proximal to these structures to facilitate fork progression and faithful replication. In the absence of EXO1, forks accumulate at stabilized G-quadruplexes and ultimately collapse. These collapsed forks are preferentially repaired via error-prone end joining as depletion of EXO1 diverts repair away from error-free homology-dependent repair. Such aberrant repair leads to increased genomic instability, which is exacerbated at chromosome termini in the form of dysfunction and telomere loss.
An introduction and guide to becoming a social media savvy nephrologist
Authors: Dave Natasha N , Sparks Matthew A , Farouk Samira S
Published: March 2020

The use of social media has increased over the last several decades, with ∼72% of the US adult population indicating the use of social networking platforms. Expansion of social media use beyond personal reasons now includes professional uses. This growth is especially true in medicine—and specifically nephrology. An enhanced online presence has the potential to make positive contributions to professional development, education and collaborations, potentially opening doors to academic opportunities. With a growing number of online platforms, resources and conversations, it is natural for one to feel overwhelmed and ultimately avoid social media. We discuss the benefits of social media engagement for nephrologists and provide a practical guide on how they can harness social media professionally and effectively. With an understanding of the basics, existing resources and avoidance of potential pitfalls, physicians can learn to use social media and join the global nephrology community.
C1 Transverse Process Resection for Management of Jugular Stenosis
Authors: Fritch Chanju , Voronovich Zoya , Carlson Andrew P
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, also known as pseudotumor cerebri, often presents with severe headache and associated vision loss. Venous outflow obstruction has been noted as a prominent etiologic factor in many cases, and previous anatomic studies have shown that the internal jugular (IJ) vein at the skull base can be prone to compression by the neighboring bony structures.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

We present a case of 13-yr-old male with a multifactorial intracranial hypertension including compression of the IJ vein by the transverse process of C1. Computerized tomography angiographic imaging revealed bilateral stenosis of the IJ veins due to compression from the transverse processes of C1. Medical management and shunt were attempted without resolution of symptoms. A hemodynamically significant stenosis at the right IJ was confirmed with manometry and so the C1 transverse process was resected and a stent placed endovascularly with resolution of pressure gradient and clinical symptoms.

CONCLUSION

Contribution of C1 compression to this patient's intracranial hypertension suggests that evaluation for IJ compression below the skull base may be needed to identify the underlying cause of intracranial hypertension in certain patients. Furthermore, surgical decompression of the IJ vein may be required as part of the treatment strategy. If venous stenting is being considered, this decompressive step must be taken before stenting is performed. We offer this case as evidence that decompression of the IJ vein by C1 lateral mass resection can be an effective and novel technique in the repertoire of neurosurgical management of intracranial hypertension.
Genealogical Socialization
Authors: Adraoui Mohamed-Ali
Published: March 2020

Genealogical socialization is the process by which the actor acquires an identity derived from appropriating a different heritage and which determines a concept of the world and of life that will provide an exclusive frame for thought and action. It is genealogical because the process inserts itself into a sacred temporality with which every believing Muslim identifies, being sincere and strong enough to live with whatever ruptures with his environment he needs to make while seeking to reproduce the habitus of Islam’s first believers. It is linked to the establishment of a symbolic lineage between the time when this religion appeared and modern times, when a minute portion of believers show themselves to be faithful to the demands of the true faith.
Communicating & Relating
Authors: Arundale Robert B.
Published: March 2020

Communicating & Relating offers an account of how relating with one another emerges in communicating in everyday interacting. Prior work has indicated that human relationships arise in human communicating, and some studies have made arguments for why that is the case. Communicating & Relating moves beyond this work to offer an account of how both relating and face emerge in everyday talk and conduct: what comprises human communicating, what defines human social systems, how the social and the individual are linked in human life, and what comprises human relating and face. Part 1 develops the Conjoint Co-constituting Model of Communicating to address the question “How do participants constitute turns, actions, and meanings in everyday interacting?” Part 2 argues that the processes of constituting what is known cross-culturally as “face” are the processes of constituting relating, and develops Face Constituting Theory to address the question “How do participants constitute relating in everyday interacting?” The answers to both questions are grounded in evidence from everyday talk and conduct. Communicating & Relating is an invitation to engage its alternative account in research on communicating, relating, and face in language and social interaction. Like other volumes in the Foundations of Human Interaction series, Communicating & Relating offers new perspectives and new research on communicative interaction and on human relationships as key elements of human sociality.
The Dragons and the Snakes
Authors: Kilcullen David
Published: March 2020

This book applies concepts from evolutionary science and military innovation to explore how state and nonstate adversaries of the Western powers have learned to defeat (or render irrelevant) the model of high-tech, expensive, precision warfare pioneered by the United States in 1991 and globally dominant since. The book begins with a historical overview of the period since the Cold War, framed by CIA Director James Woolsey’s 1993 comment that “we have slain a large dragon” (the Soviet Union) “but now we find ourselves in a jungle filled with a bewildering variety of poisonous snakes, and in many ways the dragon was easier to keep track of.” The book describes the selective pressures acting on adversaries as a result of the evolutionary fitness landscape created by western military dominance. It then explores ideas from social and evolutionary science—including social learning, natural selection, artificial selection, predator effects, and the distinction between concept-led peacetime innovation and wartime coevolution —to explain how adversaries adapt. It presents a series of case studies on nonstate actors (including Al Qaeda, Hezbollah, and Islamic State), Russia, and China, as well as sections on North Korea and Iran. The book concludes by considering how western powers can respond to the increasing ineffectiveness of their military model and examines likely strategic futures.
Who’s the Bigot?
Authors: McClain Linda C.
Published: March 2020

This chapter uses two advice columns, fifty years apart, to introduce the argument that the increasing turn to the language of bigotry poses puzzles that demand attention. Despite evident agreement that bigotry in all its forms is wrong and contrary to national ideals, political battles in the United States over “calling out” bigotry are fraught and polarizing; people disagree over bigotry’s forms. Conflicts during the 2016 presidential election and the Trump presidency provide examples. The chapter introduces several puzzles about bigotry that later chapters will address by analyzing controversies over interfaith, interracial, and same-sex marriage; racial desegregation; and civil rights laws. That study reveals recurring patterns of argument. The chapter also contends that past examples of bigotry on which there is now consensus—such as anti-Semitism and racism—inform judgments about newer forms, as in the constitutional conflicts over same-sex marriage and conscience-based objections to civil rights laws.
Interfaith Marriage as a Protest Against Bigotry?
Authors: McClain Linda C.
Published: March 2020

This chapter revisits controversies in the 1950s and 1960s over interfaith marriage. Commentators debated whether objections to interfaith marriage stemmed from bigotry and intolerance or legitimate grounds, such as lower rates of marital success. The chapter reviews diagnoses of such marriages as resulting from assimilation and increasing social contact among Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. Some contended that young people intermarried to protest against bigotry. Cautions against interfaith marriage—particularly mixed marriage, where spouses retained their distinct religions—appealed to science to fortify religious arguments. Objectors warned of harms to spouses’ conscience and to children’s sense of identity. Comparing diagnoses of both interfaith and interracial marriage as problem marriages, the chapter discusses Albert I. Gordon’s Intermarriage (1964), which featured in Virginia’s defense of its anti-miscegenation law in Loving v. Virginia (1967). The chapter ends by considering early twenty-first-century analyses of interfaith marriage.
Sincere Believers, Bigots, or Superstitious Fools?
Authors: McClain Linda C.
Published: March 2020

This chapter traces the Supreme Court’s evolving approach to the constitutional rights of LGBTQ persons and whether moral disapproval justifies discriminatory criminal or civil laws. It evaluates the bigotry versus morality dynamic in these cases. Justice Kennedy never referred to bigotry in his landmark opinions in Romer v. Evans, Lawrence v. Texas (overruling Bowers v. Hardwick), United States v. Windsor, and Obergefell v. Hodges, yet the dissenters claimed he branded traditional believers as bigots and their beliefs about sexuality and marriage as bigotry. The chapter considers the argument that animus, a term Kennedy used, is the same as bigotry. Kennedy’s Obergefell opinion nowhere mentions animus or bigotry, focusing on the harmful effects of laws barring same-sex couples from marriage. Although Kennedy referred to religious opponents of same-sex marriage as sincere, dissenters countered that his opinion invited treatment of believers as bigots, setting the stage for future threats to their religious liberty.
Conclusion
Authors: McClain Linda C.
Published: March 2020

The chapter recaps the book’s basic claim that in the United States, there is both strong agreement over condemning bigotry as inconsistent with American values and sharp (often partisan) disagreement over bigotry’s forms, and who has the moral authority to call it out. Charges of bigotry are answered with charges of political correctness and countercharges of bigotry. It illustrates these claims with the example of a recent Congressional resolution condemning anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, racism, and other forms of bigotry. The book then offers some lessons about the rhetoric of bigotry and its puzzles based on prior chapters’ examination of controversies over marriage and civil rights law. It applies those lessons to ongoing conflicts over the legal rights of transgender persons. It then considers why the rhetoric of bigotry is not more common in discussing sexism and misogyny. Finally, it evaluates whether and when it is useful—even imperative—to call out bigotry.