bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drivers of continuance intention with mobile banking apps
Authors: Poromatikul Chayawan , De Maeyer Peter , Leelapanyalert Kannika , Zaby Simon
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the drivers of continuance intention with mobile banking apps, in a Thai context. The secondary objective is to examine if there are underlying segments that differ meaningfully in this regard.

Design/methodology/approach

A structural equation model based on the European Customer Satisfaction Index is estimated. The data were obtained by conducting an online survey of mobile banking users in Thailand (n=399).

Findings

The top 3 factors directly affecting continuance intention toward mobile banking are satisfaction, trust and expectancy confirmation. Image and perceived risk also have an impact, although studies have reported that the latter is less impactful than the prior. One latent segment is more influenced by observable performance characteristics like confirmation and perceived quality, the other more by credence factors like trust and image.

Practical implications

The study confirms the important role of satisfaction and expectancy confirmation in driving continuance. Somewhat unexpected is the high relative prominence of trust as a driver, at least in the Thai context. This is a “soft” variable managers should not dismiss. The identification of segments also points to potentially different treatment and actionable advice for managers.

Originality/value

This paper adds to the scant body of empirical work on continuance intention with mobile banking. In light of the large investments in mobile banking capabilities being made, this is an under-researched area. This paper to the authors’ knowledge is the first to study consumer heterogeneity in this context.
Adoption of agroforestry practices and climate change mitigation strategies in North West province of South Africa
Authors: Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel , Tekana Sibongile Sylvia
Published: July 2019

Purpose

It is globally accepted that climate change is presently the greatest threat to the sustainability of human livelihood and biodiversity. Most farmers in the study area are highly aware of climate change and its consequences on the farming system; however, mitigation strategies are clearly lacking. Among the mitigation, mechanism to reduce the threat is achieved by increasing the amount of carbon sinks and reducing greenhouse gas emission through the adoption of agroforestry practices. The purpose of this study is to determine if awareness on climate change leads to the adoption of agroforestry practices, and to examine the determinants.

Design/methodology/approach

A total number of 117 questionnaires were administered to the farmers in the district using stratified random sampling technique. Data were captured and analysed using STATA and XLSTAT software. Descriptive statistics and Heckprobit sample selection model were used to determine the objectives of the study.

Findings

The result established that climate change awareness does not lead to the adoption of agroforestry in the study area in which information source and member’s association were statistically significant at (p < 0.1) and (p < 0.05), respectively, and determine the adoption of agroforestry practices, while farming experience (p < 0.1), age (p < 0.05), extension visit (p < 0.05) and education (p < 0.1), were the determining factors that influence the awareness of climate change in the study area.

Practical implications

Regular number of extensions visit, information and training on agroforestry should be provided to the farmers in the study area.

Social implications

Farmers’ association should be strengthened among the rural farmers.

Originality/value

The causal effect or relationship of climate change awareness on mitigation through the practice of agroforestry in South Africa, especially in the study area, has not been measured. This research set a pace in the area of climate change awareness leading to mitigation strategies through the use of agroforestry practices as an option to be used in the rural farming area of South Africa.
Organizational commitment, rewards and education in the Philippines
Authors: Kokubun Keisuke
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The theory of organizational commitment (OC) was originally developed in the context of Western societies. Therefore, its application to a non-Western country may be easier and more successful if that country’s society has been historically influenced by Western cultures. Based on this understanding, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between OC and rewards among employees in one of East Asia’s developing countries most significantly influenced by Western cultures.

Design/methodology/approach

Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using survey data obtained from 2,363 employees working for 11 Japanese manufacturing companies in the Philippines.

Findings

The paper revealed that the variables measuring intrinsic rewards were strongly related to OC than extrinsic and social rewards, suggesting that the antecedents of OC in the Philippines resemble more closely those found in the west than in the east. This tendency was found to be stronger for university graduates, whose OC is influenced more significantly by intrinsic rewards and less by social rewards, compared to that of non-graduates.

Research limitations/implications

The major limitation concerns reliability. This study used self-report data from individual respondents; this may result in common method bias relationships between variables being inflated.

Practical implications

The results of this study could support the revision of human resource management practices, enabling workers to contribute to their companies on a long-term basis in countries where Western cultures have influenced employees’ mindsets and attitudes.

Originality/value

Intrinsic rewards impact OC more than other rewards in the Philippines due to its history of Westernization and recent industrialization. This research is the first, to the best of the author’s knowledge, to verify this assumption, and should assist managers of companies in the Philippines, and perhaps, in other developing countries influenced by Western cultures, in formulating strategies to foster high levels of OC among their employees.
Study of the tribological properties of rolling element bearings under the effect of magnetic field
Authors: Kadıoğlu Mustafa , Durak Ertuğrul
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the magnetic field to the friction coefficient in the rolling element bearings which exists in electric motors.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this, the test rig was modified to adjust the density of the magnetic flux applied to the rolling ball element bearing. Experiments were carried out in the magnetic field from 0 to 7.5 mTesla at magnetic flux density range from 15, 40 and 65 N constant loads. Also, its rotary speed selected as 100, 200, 400, 800 to 1200 rpm, respectively.

Findings

In the majority of the experiments, it was observed that the magnetic field affected the friction coefficient. This influence reduced the friction coefficient in some experimental conditions and increased in some of them.

Originality/value

In the literature, there are very few studies on the effect of magnetic flux density to the friction coefficient in these rolling element bearings. It has become clear that more studies have been conducted on the effects of the magnetic field and/or electrical current on bearing damages and failures. This aspect is a study with specificity.
Predictors of quality of life of the rural older adults in Northern Thailand
Authors: Seangpraw Katekaew , Ratanasiripong Nop T. , Ratanasiripong Paul
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper to explore socio-demographic factors related to the quality of life (QoL) among older adults in the rural area of Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-sectional study examined socio-demographic factor that may predict the QoL among 470 older adults who lived in a rural area of Northern Thailand. The study questionnaire consisted of four parts, including socio-demographic data, perceptions of the health status, family relationship and QoL (WHOQOL-OLD). Spearman’s ρ or Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficients were determine the factors associated with the QoL. Stepwise multiple regressions were carried out to describe predictors of the QoL.

Findings

Majority of the participants (71 percent) were between 60 and 79 years old. Three-quarters of participants had primary school educational level. Most (74 percent) were married and no longer work (72 percent). Most (87 percent) had a moderate level of the QoL in all six domains. Six predictors of QoL include age, gender, education, current employment, health status perception and family relationship. These factors could significantly predict the QoL of the older adults by 30 percent.

Originality/value

Public health officers should collaborate with community partners and relevant stakeholders to increase the QoL of older adults in the rural area through activities which promote health status perception and family relationship.
Measuring corporate halal reputation
Authors: Tieman Marco
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new framework to measure corporate halal reputation. In this conceptual paper, the “Corporate Halal Reputation Index” is proposed, which acts as predictor for corporate halal reputation and sales in Muslim markets.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper builds further on previous work published in the Journal of Islamic Marketing on Islamic Branding. Research propositions are constructed on the drivers and moderating variables of corporate halal reputation.

Findings

Halal authenticity, trustworthiness of halal certification body, messages by company and supply chain partners, messages by external stakeholders and the moderating variables category of Islamic brand and sensitivity of product are expected to determine the corporate halal reputation. Alignment between the corporate halal reputation drivers and halal market requirements will be critical for brands to earn and protect their license to operate in Muslim markets.

Research limitations/implications

This conceptual paper proposes that halal authenticity, trustworthiness of halal certification body, messages by company and supply chain partners, and messages by external stakeholders, as well as two moderating variables, are essentially determining the corporate halal reputation. However, empirical research is needed through a case study and survey research to validate the proposed “Corporate Halal Reputation Index” and test these research propositions.

Practical implications

This study shows that corporate halal reputation management is different from conventional corporate reputation management. The corporate halal reputation index should be measured and included in balanced scorecards at top management level.

Originality/value

The “Corporate Halal Reputation Index” is envisioned to be the new key performance indicator for both the top management and halal committee (halal management team) operating in Muslim markets. As there is an evident lack of academic research in the field of corporate halal reputation management, it provides an important reference for corporate communication and Islamic branding and marketing.
Influence of interlayer dwell time on stress field of thin-walled components in WAAM via numerical simulation and experimental tests
Authors: Li Rong , Xiong Jun
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to study the residual stress of deposited components which is a main issue to impede the widespread application of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The interlayer dwell time is believed to have an effect on residual stress distributions in WAAM due to variance in heat dissipation condition. A coupled thermomechanical finite element model was established to evaluate the role of dwell time in between layers on the mechanical behavior of thin-walled components in WAAM, mainly involving thermal stress evolutions and residual stress distributions of the component and substrate.

Design/methodology/approach

Four interlayer dwell times including 0, 120 and 300 s and cooling to ambient temperature were selected in finite element modeling, and corresponding experiments were conducted to verify the reliability of the model.

Findings

The results show that with the interlayer dwell time, the stress cycling curves become more uniform and the interlayer stress-releasing effect is weakened. The residual stress levels on the substrate decrease with the increasing interlayer dwell time. In the outside surface of the component, the distributions of axial and longitudinal residual stress along the deposition path are the smoothest when the interlayer dwell time is cooling to ambient temperature. In the inside surface, a longer interlayer dwell time leads to an obvious decrease in the longitudinal and axial residual stress along the deposition path.

Originality/value

The comprehensive study of how the interlayer dwell time influences stress field of components is helpful to improve the deposition defects generated by WAAM.
Estimation of a non‐stationary prior covariance from seismic data
Authors: Madsen Rasmus Bødker , Hansen Thomas Mejer , Omre Henning
Published: July 2019

Non‐stationarity in statistical properties of the subsurface is often ignored. In a classical linear Bayesian inversion setting of seismic data, the prior distribution of physical parameters is often assumed to be stationary. Here we propose a new method of handling non‐stationarity in the variance of physical parameters in seismic data. We propose to infer the model variance prior to inversion using maximum likelihood estimators in a sliding window approach. A traditional, and a localized shrinkage estimator is defined for inferring the prior model variance. The estimators are assessed in a synthetic base case with heterogeneous variance of the acoustic impedance in a zero‐offset seismic cross section. Subsequently, this data is inverted for acoustic impedance using a non‐stationary model set up with the inferred variances. Results indicate that prediction as well as posterior resolution is greatly improved using the non‐stationary model compared with a common prior model with stationary variance. The localized shrinkage predictor is shown to be slightly more robust than the traditional estimator in terms of amplitude differences in the variance of acoustic impedance and size of local neighbourhood. Finally, we apply the methodology to a real data set from the North Sea basin. Inversion results show a more realistic posterior model than using a conventional approach with stationary variance.
Population‐scale treatment informs solutions for control of environmentally transmitted wildlife disease
Authors: Martin Alynn M. , Richards Shane A. , Fraser Tamieka A. , Polkinghorne Adam , Burridge Christopher P. , Carver Scott
Published: July 2019

Long‐term pathogen control or eradication in wildlife is rare and represents a major challenge in conservation. Control is particularly difficult for environmentally transmitted pathogens, including some of the most conservation‐critical wildlife diseases.

We undertook a treatment programme aimed at population‐scale eradication of the environmentally transmitted Sarcoptes scabiei mite (causative agent of sarcoptic mange) during an epizootic in bare‐nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus). Field trial results were used to parameterize a mechanistic host‐disease model that explicitly described indirect transmission, host behaviour and viable disease intervention methods.

Model analysis shows that elimination of S. scabiei in the wild is most sensitive to the success of treatment delivery, and duration of the programme. In addition, we found the frequency that wombats switch burrows was an important positive driver of mite persistence.

Synthesis and applications. This research emphasizes the utility of applying model‐guided management techniques in order to achieve practical solutions for controlling disease in the field. We find that control efforts of Sarcoptes scabiei are most successful when simultaneous improvements are made to the current best‐practice protocol, specifically the implementation of better treatment application methods in combination with a longer lasting treatment. These suggested management changes may also reduce the resources and field effort required to implement a successful regime. Furthermore, our approach and findings have applicability to other species affected by S. scabiei (e.g. wolves, red foxes, Spanish ibex and American black bear), as well as other conservation‐critical systems involving environmental transmission (e.g. bat white‐nose syndrome and amphibian chytridiomycosis).
Sensory Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Cantaloupe Melon Cultivars
Authors: Menezes Ayres Ellen Mayra , Lee Soh Min , Boyden Laurie , Guinard Jean‐Xavier
Published: July 2019

This research measured the sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance of 15 cultivars of cantaloupe. Eleven trained panelists assessed melons by descriptive analysis. Northern California consumers (n = 171) evaluated the melons for overall, appearance, flavor, and texture liking on the 9‐point hedonic scale and the adequacy of ripeness, sweetness, and firmness on a 5‐point just‐about‐right (JAR) scale. Twenty‐two sensory attributes differed significantly among the melons. CaldeoDF, Caldeo, Globstar, RML0499, and Caribbean Gold showed higher firmness, crunchiness, and denser textures. Impac presented higher watermelon flavor, bitterness, and sourness. Caldeo, CaldeoDF, Globstar, Magellan, and Sol Real had higher overall intensity, sweetness and oversweet flavor, longer‐lasting aftertaste, and salivating mouthfeel. Consumers liked Magellan, Acclaim, and Primo most, and Aphrodite and Impac least, and the harvesting period was not critical to consumer acceptance. Sweet, oversweet flavor, and intense orange and richness of color were drivers of overall liking. Preference clustering identified three groups of consumers with distinct sensory preferences and favorite cultivars. JAR data showed Acclaim, Magellan, Primo, and Saguaro were just right for ripeness and so was Acclaim for firmness. All melons were judged not sweet enough. Growers and distributors could use the information from this research to improve the quality and appeal of the cantaloupe melon offering in the United States.

Practical Application

We profiled the sensory attributes and measured consumer liking of 15 cantaloupe cultivars. Our findings should benefit producers and consumers equally as they identified those cultivars with the most promising sensory traits and they uncovered preference segments among a population of Northern California consumers as well as drivers of liking for those segments.
Video‐Cued Ethnography in Educational Settings
Authors: Adair Jennifer Keys , Kurban Fikriye
Published: July 2019

This special issue focuses on the methodology of video‐cued ethnography (VCE) as a process of using film to elicit explanations and responses to educational contexts that can reveal the cultural and socio‐political variation in how people understand educational ideas, practices, policies, and relationships. We aim to advance an understanding of the method itself as well as demonstrate its broad potential for anthropological work in the U.S. and internationally in a variety of educational settings.
HHV‐6A infection of endometrial epithelial cells affects immune profile and trophoblast invasion
Authors: Bortolotti Daria , Gentili Valentina , Rotola Antonella , Cultrera Rosario , Marci Roberto , Di Luca Dario , Rizzo Roberta
Published: July 2019

Problem

We first reported human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6A DNA presence in 43% of endometrial cells from women with idiopathic infertility, whereas no fertile control women harbored the virus. We investigated the effect of HHV‐6A infection on the immunological status of the endometrium.

Method of study

Endometrial biopsies, uterine flushing, and whole blood samples were collected from 67 idiopathic infertile women (mid‐secretory phase). We analyzed the endometrial immunological status evaluating: (a) the effect of HHV‐6A infection on endometrial immune profile analyzing the ratio of interleukin (IL)‐15/ fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 (Fn‐14) and IL‐18/ TNF‐related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) mRNA as a biomarker of endometrial (e)natural killer activation/maturation, angiogenesis, and Th1/Th2 balance; (b) endometrial receptivity to trophoblasts in endometrial 3D in vitro model; (c) natural killer (NK) cells and T cells percentage and subpopulations by flow cytometry.

Results

We confirmed the presence of HHV‐6A infection in a 40% of idiopathic infertile women, characterized by an immune profile reflecting eNK cell cytotoxic activation and a decrease in CD4+ CD25+ CD127dim/− regulatory T cells. The co‐culture of endometrial epithelial cells with spheroids generated from the extravillous trophoblast‐derived cell line JEG3 showed a twofold expansion of spheroids on endometrial epithelial‐stromal cells (ESC) culture surface from HHV‐6A negative women while no expansion was observed on the surface of ESC from HHV‐6A positive women.

Conclusion

The identification of an effect of HHV‐6A infection on endometrial immune status opens new perspectives in idiopathic infertile women care management. In addition, it would be possible to select antiviral therapies as novel, non‐hormonal therapeutic approaches to those idiopathic infertile women characterized by the presence of endometrial HHV‐6A infection, to increase their pregnancy rate.
Novel intrauterine balloon tamponade systems for postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Kondoh Eiji , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Ueda Akihiko , Mogami Haruta , Mandai Masaki
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal death worldwide. Although intrauterine balloon tamponade has been widely used as an effective procedure to control atonic postpartum hemorrhage, intrauterine balloon tamponade fails to control postpartum hemorrhage in approximately one‐fifth of cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of novel intrauterine balloon tamponade systems for postpartum hemorrhage.

Material and methods

We have developed two novel intrauterine balloon tamponade systems to maintain proper balloon placement. One was a shaft cover with its fixture system and the other was “the Kyoto balloon system” designed to provide direct pressure onto the upper uterine cavity. The efficacy of the intrauterine balloon tamponade systems was evaluated using a silicone three‐dimensionally printed postpartum uterine cavity model.

Results

Measurements of balloon displacement during inflation showed that the shaft cover significantly prevented the Bakri balloon from being displaced. The residual fluid volume in the upper uterine cavity was significantly less with the Kyoto balloon system than with the Bakri balloon system, indicating the effectiveness of the Kyoto balloon for upper uterine cavity tamponade.

Conclusions

These innovative intrauterine balloon tamponade systems were effective for prevention of balloon displacement and for balloon tamponade of the upper uterine cavity in a 3D‐printed postpartum‐specific uterine cavity model.
Management of supragastric belching with cognitive behavioural therapy: factors determining success and follow‐up outcomes at 6‐12 months post‐therapy
Authors: Sawada Akinari , Anastasi Natasha , Green Alicia , Glasinovic Esteban , Wynter Emily , Albusoda Ahmed , Hajek Peter , Sifrim Daniel
Published: July 2019

Background

Supragastric belching (SGB) has a significant behavioural component. We recently used cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to treat SGB. We demonstrated that CBT significantly reduces symptoms and improves quality of life in 50% of patients who had completed treatment.

Aims

To investigate factors associated with successful CBT for SGB and to assess symptoms 6‐12 months after completion of CBT

Methods

Records of 39 patients who had completed the CBT protocol were analysed. Per cent pre‐ to post‐treatment change in symptoms was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score. We evaluated the association between ‘pre‐treatment’ factors and ‘during‐treatment’ factors, and symptomatic outcomes. Symptoms were also assessed 6‐12 months after treatment.

Results

From ‘pre‐treatment factors’, a lower number of SGBs (P < .01) and lower hypervigilance score (P < .04) were significantly associated with a better outcome. From ‘during‐treatment factors’ a higher CBT ‘proficiency score’ ([a] acceptance of the explanation that SGB is a behavioural phenomenon [b] detection of a warning signal before belching [c] adherence to the exercises treatment) was associated with a better outcome (P = .001). Multiple regression analysis found that number of SGBs, hypervigilance score and CBT proficiency score were independently associated with outcome (P < .01, P = .01, P < .01). VAS score before CBT (267 ± 79) decreased to 151 ± 88 soon after CBT (P < .001), and the effect persisted at 6‐12 months follow‐up (153 ± 82).

Conclusions

Lower number of SGBs, lower hypervigilance score and higher proficiency during CBT were associated with better CBT outcome. CBT positive effect lasted for at least 6‐12 months post‐treatment.
The role of hepatitis B core‐related antigen in predicting hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Yu Jiong , Ye Yali , Liu Jingqi , Xu Yanping , Lou Bin , Zhu Jiaqi , Sheng Xinyu , Feng Xudong , Pan Qiaoling , Yang Jinfeng , Cao Hongcui , Li Lanjuan
Published: July 2019

Background

Hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) is a viral marker for the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the relationship between HBcrAg and HBV recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is unclear.

Aim

To investigate the correlation of serum HBcrAg level with HBV recurrence post‐LT to evaluate the prognostic role of the pre‐LT HBcrAg level.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled 357 CHB patients who received LT for a median of 36.6 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for markers associated with HBV recurrence were analysed.

Results

48 patients (13.4%) had HBV recurrence after LT. HBcrAg, detectable HBV DNA, HCC and HCC recurrence were associated with HBV recurrence. In a multivariate analysis, HBcrAg level was independently associated with HBV recurrence, and the relationship between HBcrAg level and incident HBV recurrence was significant and graded (HR: 3.17 per unit; 95% CI: 1.97‐5.11; P for trend < .001). Additionally, HBcrAg level was superior to HBV DNA level in predicting HBV recurrence by time‐dependent ROC analysis. Patients with an HBcrAg ≥ 5.0 log U/mL had a significantly higher 5‐year cumulative recurrence rate than those with an HBcrAg < 5.0 log U/mL (37.6% vs 6%, P < .001); the adjusted hazard ratio was 5.27 (95% CI 2.47‐11.25, P < .001).

Conclusion

An elevated serum HBcrAg level was independently associated with the risk of HBV recurrence in patients with CHB after LT.
Laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia with organo‐axial intrathoracic gastric volvulus
Authors: Siow Sze Li , Chuah Jun Sen , Mahendran Hans Alexander
Published: July 2019

Intrathoracic organo‐axial gastric volvulus is a rare clinical entity associated with paraesophageal hernia. It is characterized by migration of the stomach into the thoracic cavity through an enlarged hiatal defect and rotation around its long axis connecting the cardia and the pylorus. A 72‐year‐old woman presented with epigastric pain that radiated to the left scapula for 1 week prior to presentation. Computed tomography scan of her thorax and abdomen demonstrated paraoesophageal hernia with organo‐axial intrathoracic gastric volvulus. Laparoscopically, the stomach was returned to its abdominal position, the mediastinal sac was excised and after adequate intra‐abdominal length of the esophagus was attained, the hiatal defect was closed primarily and reinforced with a composite mesh. An anterior 180° partial fundoplication was performed as both an anti‐reflux procedure and also as a form of gastropexy. She had an uneventful recovery and remains well after 2 years.
Effects of tail docking and/or teeth clipping on behavior, lesions, and physiological indicators of sows and their piglets
Authors: Fu Ling‐ling , Zhou Bo , Li Hui‐zhi , Liang Ting‐ting , Chu Qing‐po , Schinckel Allan P. , Li Yuan , Xu Fei‐long
Published: July 2019

To evaluate effects of tail docking and/or teeth clipping on sows and their piglets, a total of 24 sows and their 302 piglets at 3 days of age were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: teeth clipping and tail docking (TCTD), teeth clipping (TC), tail docking (TD), or intact teeth and tail (Intact). Behavior of piglets and sows, lesions on the body and tail of piglets and sows' teats were inspected. Heart rates of processed piglets were increased (p < .01) during the procedures. Teeth clipping decreased body surface temperature (p < .01) of piglets during and after the procedures but tail docking did not (p > .01). Processed piglets spent more (p < .05) time lying alone and playing/fighting than sham‐processed piglets. Tail docked piglets spent less (p < .01) time standing than tail sham‐docked piglets. Intact teeth increased (p < .05) the avoidance behaviors of sows. Teeth clipping decreased (p < .05) the lesion scores on the anterior, middle, and posterior teats. Taken together, piglet teeth clipping had more impact on sows and their piglets than tail docking did in the lactation period based on our findings.
Placental Studies for Child Development
Authors: O'Connor Thomas G. , Miller Richard K. , Salafia Carolyn M.
Published: July 2019

Research on children's psychological and behavioral development readily incorporates changing biological models and techniques. In this article, we suggest that, in response to increasing evidence of robust influences of prenatal exposures on children's neurodevelopment and mental and physical health, developmental science also needs to consider the placenta's role in development. We argue why placental mechanisms are plausible targets in developmental science, and suggest initial and practical steps toward integrating placenta markers and mechanisms into research on child development.
Crafting a policy statement: Some observations
Authors: Jodock Darrell
Published: July 2019

In 2016, a task force appointed by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America began drafting a policy statement which in 2018 appeared with the title “A Declaration of Inter‐Religious Commitment.” This article explains the production of that document and explores its main themes. The document appeals to vocation—that is, the calling to serve one's neighbor and community—as its framework. It encourages engagement, resisting stereotypes, cooperation for the common good, and standing up for those who are harassed or mistreated. It goes on to explore the relationship between evangelism and inter‐religious understanding, affirming both the Great Commandment and the Great Commission.
Epilepsy in second‐generation immigrants: a cohort study of all children up to 18 years of age in Sweden
Authors: Wändell P. , Fredrikson S. , Carlsson A. C. , Li X. , Gasevic D. , Sundquist J. , Sundquist K.
Published: July 2019

Background and purpose

Our purpose was to study the association between country of birth and incident epilepsy in second‐generation immigrants in Sweden.

Methods

The study population included all children (n = 4 023 149) aged up to 18 years in Sweden. Epilepsy was defined as at least one registered diagnosis of epilepsy in the National Patient Register. The incidence of epilepsy, using individuals with Swedish‐born parents as referents, was assessed by Cox regression, expressed in hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). All models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, geographical residence in Sweden, educational level, marital status, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and comorbid conditions, also using data from the Total Population Register.

Results

A total of 26 310 individuals had a registered epilepsy event, i.e. 6.5/1000 (6.6/1000 amongst boys and 6.3/1000 amongst girls). After adjustment, the risk of epilepsy was lower than in children of Swedish‐born parents. Amongst girls the significant HR was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.88), but in boys only when adjusting also for comorbidity (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99). Amongst specific immigrant groups, a higher incidence of epilepsy was observed amongst boys with parents from Turkey and Africa, but not when adjusting for comorbidity, and a lower risk was observed in many other groups (boys with parents from Latvia, girls with parents from Finland, Iceland, Southern Europe, countries from the former Yugoslavia, and Asia).

Conclusion

The risk of epilepsy was lower in second‐generation immigrant children compared to children with Swedish‐born parents, but with substantial differences between different immigrant groups.
EPPO Contingency Exercise Workshop for a Forestry Pest, Zlatibor, Serbia, 2018‐11‐27/29
Authors: Tanner R. , Orlinski A. , Meyer J. , Ward M. , Lukić S. , Glavendekić M. , McCann D.
Published: July 2019

An EPPO Contingency Planning Workshop for a Forestry Pest was held in Zlatibor, Serbia, between 27 and 29 November 2018. In total, 55 experts from 21 EPPO member countries attended the 3‐day workshop. Participants were split into four groups for the exercise and each group acted as an ‘outbreak management team’ for a scenario based on the finding of a quarantine pest for forestry. Only when the exercise had started were participants informed that the outbreak scenario centred around the fictitious discovery of pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in the Tara National Park in Serbia. As the scenario developed, each team had to organize themselves to manage a number of issues designed to mimic the development of an outbreak over the first month following its detection. It was clear from the feedback from participants that that contingency planning workshop was a valuable exercise for EPPO to conduct and participants highlighted the importance of it to prepare themselves for real‐life situations.
Nuclear transcriptional changes in hypothalamus of Pomc enhancer knockout mice after excessive alcohol drinking
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liang Yupu , Low Malcolm J. , Kreek Mary J.
Published: July 2019

Persistent alterations of proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and mu‐opioid receptor (Oprm1) activity and stress responses after alcohol are critically involved in vulnerability to alcohol dependency. Gene transcriptional regulation altered by alcohol may play important roles. Mice with genome‐wide deletion of neuronal Pomc enhancer1 (nPE1−/−), had hypothalamic‐specific partial reductions of beta‐endorphin and displayed lower alcohol consumption, compared to wildtype littermates (nPE1+/+). We used RNA‐Seq to measure steady‐state nuclear mRNA transcripts of opioid and stress genes in hypothalamus of nPE1+/+ and nPE1−/− mice after 1‐day acute withdrawal from chronic excessive alcohol drinking or after water. nPE1−/− had lower basal Pomc and Pdyn (prodynorphin) levels compared to nPE1+/+, coupled with increased basal Oprm1 and Oprk1 (kappa‐opioid receptor) levels, and low alcohol drinking increased Pomc and Pdyn to the basal levels of nPE1+/+ in the water group, without significant effects on Oprm1 and Oprk1. In nPE1+/+, excessive alcohol intake increased Pomc and Oprm1, with no effect on Pdyn or Oprk1. For stress genes, nPE1−/− had lowered basal Oxt (oxytocin) and Avp (arginine vasopressin) that were restored by low alcohol intake to basal levels of nPE1+/+. In nPE1+/+, excessive alcohol intake decreased Oxt and Avpi1 (AVP‐induced protein1). Functionally examining the effect of pharmacological blockade of mu‐opioid receptor, we found that naltrexone reduced excessive alcohol intake in nPE1+/+, but not nPE1−/−. Our results provide evidence relevant to the transcriptional profiling of the critical genes in mouse hypothalamus: enhanced opioid and reduced stress gene transcripts after acute withdrawal from excessive alcohol may contribute to altered reward and stress responses.
Dual therapy with renally adjusted lamivudine and dolutegravir: a switch strategy to manage comorbidity and toxicity in older, suppressed patients?
Authors: Tan M , Johnston S , Nicholls J , Gompels M
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of dual therapy with lamivudine (3TC), with dose adjustment for renal function, and dolutegravir (DTG) in a subgroup of patients fully suppressed on treatment who were switched because of concerns about comorbidity and toxicity on their current triple drug regimen.

Methods

A retrospective evaluation of clinical and pathological parameters from an electronic patient record from a single centre was carried out.

Results

There were no virological failures in 52 patients with a median age of 60.5 years. The median duration of follow‐on dual therapy was 2.29 years (28 months; range 1.10–3.34 years). In 25 of 52 (48%) cases, the dose of 3TC was adjusted taking into account reduced renal function, and none of these patients experienced virological failure. Four additional patients discontinued early, because of side effects of the switch, with no failure.

Conclusions

This retrospective review suggests that 3TC and DTG may be effective in controlling viral load in older patients with comorbidities. This regimen appears to be a useful option in the context of comorbidities (including renal impairment) and polypharmacy in older patients. However, this review has been conducted in one centre and in a small population of patients. Therefore, further multicentre trials involving larger populations of patients are needed.
Statistical Intervals, Not Statistical Significance
Authors: Hahn Gerald J. , Doganaksoy Necip , Meeker William Q.
Published: July 2019

Convincing practitioners of the inadequacy of significance testing can employ a two-step approach. First, explain the difference between statistical significance and practical importance. Then, at least in many situations, use an appropriate statistical interval to quantify the statistical uncertainty. By Gerry Hahn, Necip Doganaksoy and Bill Meeker
The Registered Reports Revolution Lessons in Cultural Reform
Authors: Chambers Chris
Published: July 2019

The rise of the “registered report” – a type of research article that is reviewed and accepted before results are known – offers lessons for the current debate surrounding p-values and significance. By Chris Chambers
LIN28A gene polymorphisms confer Wilms tumour susceptibility: A four‐centre case‐control study
Authors: Zhuo Zhenjian , Fu Wen , Liu Jiabin , Cheng Jiwen , Zhou Haixia , Zhang Jiao , Zhu Jin‐Hong , Xia Huimin , Liu Guochang , He Jing
Published: July 2019

Wilms tumour is a renal malignancy that commonly occurs in children. LIN28A gene overexpression has been reported to be involved in various human malignancies, while its roles in Wilms tumour risk are still under investigation. Here, we genotyped four LIN28A polymorphisms in 355 Wilms tumour patients and 1070 healthy controls from four hospitals in China. The genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) include the following: rs3811464 G>A, rs3811463 T>C, rs34787247 G>A and rs11247957 G>A. Overall, we found that rs3811463 T>C and rs34787247 G>A were associated with increased risk of Wilms tumour. Combination analysis of risk genotypes showed that, compared to non‐carriers, subjects with 1 risk genotype and 1‐3 risk genotypes were more likely to develop Wilms tumour, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.58 and 1.56, respectively. Stratified analysis further demonstrated that the risk effect remained prominent in some subgroups. We also found that presence of 1‐3 risk genotypes was associated with Wilms tumour risk in subgroups > 18 months of age, females, males and those with clinical stage I + II diseases. Furthermore, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis indicated that rs3811463 C allele was significantly associated with increased transcripts of LIN28A gene. These findings suggest that LIN28A gene polymorphisms may be associated with increased predisposition to Wilms tumour.
Length conversions and mass–length relationships of five forage‐fish species in the California current ecosystem
Authors: Palance Danial G. , Macewicz Beverly J. , Stierhoff Kevin , Demer David A. , Zwolinski Juan P.
Published: July 2019

Length‐measurement conversions and seasonal mass–length relationships (MLR) for Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax, Pacific mackerel Scomber japonicus and jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus in the California Current are presented. The conversions between total (LT), fork (LF,) and standard lengths (LS) should facilitate comparisons of data across disciplines and institutions. These equations resulted from an analysis of measurements spanning 14 years and the western seaboard of North America, from the north end of Vancouver Island to the USA–Mexico border. Major‐axis regressions were used to calculate reciprocal length‐measurement conversions (e.g., LT to LS and LS to LT) and generalised linear models and ordinary least‐squares models were used to create MLRs that account for seasonal variations. The MLR models indicated seasonal differences for all species except C. pallasii, for which there was no multi‐season data. Discrepancies between these and published models were examined, along with the suitability and benefit of the various types of models used for length‐measurement conversion and MLRs.
Similar ecology, different morphology: Three new species of oral‐mollusc shellers from Lake Edward
Authors: Vranken Nathan , Van Steenberge Maarten , Snoeks Jos
Published: July 2019

Lake Edward, East Africa, harbours a largely understudied assemblage of haplochromine cichlids that displays a range of adaptions to various specialised trophic niches. In this system, we discovered specimens of Haplochromis with morphologies similar to those of oral‐mollusc shellers from Lake Victoria. These morphologies are characterised by short oral jaws with stout teeth that are used either to crush molluscs or to grab the soft bodies of snails and wrench them out of their shells. A morphometric study on 47 specimens from Lake Edward revealed the presence of three new species with an oral‐shelling morphology: Haplochromis concilians sp. nov., H. erutus sp. nov. and H. planus sp. nov. All three species are formally described. Stomach‐content observations confirmed an opportunistic oral‐shelling ecology for H. concilians sp. nov. and H. erutus sp. nov. Within H. planus sp. nov., only large specimens displayed a specialised oral‐shelling morphology, but their stomachs were nearly empty, while small specimens consumed mainly Ostracoda and Hydrachnidia. Remarkably, the three species differed considerably in morphology from each other, but they each resembled oral‐sheller species from Lake Victoria.
Discontinuity in the molecular neuroendocrine response to increasing daylengths in Ile‐de‐France ewes: Is transient Dio2 induction a key feature of circannual timing?
Authors: Dardente Hugues , Lomet Didier , Chesneau Didier , Pellicer‐Rubio Maria‐Teresa , Hazlerigg David
Published: July 2019

In mammals, melatonin is responsible for the synchronisation of seasonal cycles to the solar year. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland with a profile reflecting the duration of the night and acts via the pituitary pars tuberalis (PT), which in turn modulates hypothalamic thyroid hormone status via seasonal changes in the production of locally‐acting thyrotrophin. Recently, we demonstrated that, in the Soay sheep, photoperiodic induction of Tshb expression and consequent downstream hypothalamic changes occur over a narrow range of photoperiods between 12 and 14 hours in duration. In the present study, we aimed to extend our molecular characterisation of this pathway, based on transcriptomic analysis of photoperiodic changes in the pituitary and hypothalamus of ovariectomised, oestradiol‐implanted Ile‐de‐France ewes. We demonstrate that photoperiodic treatments applied before the winter solstice elicit two distinctive modes of accelerated reproductive switch off compared to ewes held on a simulated natural photoperiod, with shut‐down occurring markedly faster on photoperiods of 13 hours or more than on photoperiods of 12 hours and less. This pattern of response was reflected in gene expression profiles of photoperiodically sensitive markers, both in the PT (Tshb, Fam150b, Vmo1, Ezh2 and Suv39H2) and in tanycytes (Tmem252 and Dct). Unexpectedly, the expression of Dio2 in tanycytes did not show any noticeable increase in expression with lengthening photoperiods. Finally, the expression of Kiss1, the key activator of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone release, was proportionately decreased by lengthening photoperiods, in a pattern that correlated strongly with gonadotrophin suppression. These data show that stepwise increases in photoperiod lead to graded molecular responses at the level of the PT, a progressive suppression of Kiss1 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and luteinising hormone/follicle‐stimulating hormone release by the pituitary, despite apparently unchanged Dio2 expression in tanycytes. We hypothesise that this apparent discontinuity in the seasonal neuroendocrine response illustrates the transient nature of the thyroid hormone‐mediated response to long days in the control of circannual timing.
Contact with Parents and Parents‐in‐Law, Gender, and Marital Satisfaction in Korea
Authors: Choi Heejeong , Nam Boram , Kim Seongeun , Park Chulwoong
Published: July 2019

Objective

Guided by modernization theory and an intergenerational solidarity perspective, this study evaluated the differences in patterns of contact with non‐coresident parents and parents‐in‐law in Korea at two time points 10 years apart and explored how these contact patterns were associated with gender and marital satisfaction.

Background

Family relationships traditionally governed by Confucian patrilineal norms have been evolving into more egalitarian and bilateral patterns in contemporary Korea.

Method

Data from the 2006 and 2016 Korean General Social Survey were examined. Analytic samples consisted of married respondents with at least one parent and one parent‐in‐law alive and no parent or parent‐in‐law coresiding with the respondents (2006, N = 493; 2016, N = 195). Chi‐square tests and ordinary least squares regression models evaluated associations.

Results

The findings overall revealed increased movement toward more egalitarian and bilateral intergenerational kin relationships over time, particularly among women. Equal face‐to‐face and phone contact with both sets of parents in 2006 and 2016 as well as more contact with in‐laws in 2006 were linked to better marital satisfaction. More phone contact with in‐laws, compared with equal contact, was associated with lower marital satisfaction among men in 2006, but not in 2016.

Conclusion

The most happily married men and women in Korea might be those who find a way to adapt to changing kinship norms by simultaneously equally meeting their parents' and parents‐in‐law's needs for solidarity.