bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standards-Based Lesson Plans for the Busy Elementary School Librarian
Authors: Keeling Joyce
Published: October 2023

This helpful resource provides all-new tested, standard-based lessons accompanied by reproducible handouts and easy-to-follow directions. A new book by Joyce Keeling, an elementary librarian and teacher with more than two decades' experience, Standards-Based Lesson Plans for the Busy Elementary School Librarian presents many integrated lesson plans for students in each of the elementary grades, kindergarten through 5th grade. All lessons have been tested and refined in a school setting, and they are specifically written to match the AASL Information Literacy Standards, the McREL Compendium of Standards and Benchmarks, and the Common Core State Standards. In addition to the reproducible lesson plan worksheets, the book offers in-depth discussion of how best to collaborate to teach information literacy within the scope of common elementary school curricula.
The Supreme Court versus Congress
Authors: Glidden William B.
Published: October 2023

A comprehensive and focused review of all of the Supreme Court’s overturns of Congress on constitutional grounds from 1789 to the present suited to college-level political science and constitutional law courses as well as law school students.

The always-controversial practice of judicial review of Congress is not prescribed in the Constitution, but is arguably a valid way to protect the rights of individuals or guard against unfair rule by the majority. This book offers a historical review and indictment of the Supreme Court’s overruling of Congress, ultimately taking a position that this has been more detrimental than beneficial to the democratic process in the United States, and that in the aggregate rights of individuals and minorities would have been better served if the relevant laws of Congress had been enforced rather than struck down by the Court.

Written by an author who is a historian and a lawyer, the book covers all Supreme Court overrides of Congress through 2014, including major historical turning points in Supreme Court legislation and such recent and relevant topics as the Affordable Care Act, limits on contributions to political candidates and campaigns from wealthy individuals, and the Defense of Marriage Act. The discussions of specific cases are made in relevant context and focus on “big picture” themes and concepts without skipping key details, making this a useful volume for law and university level students while also being accessible to general readers.
Teen Stress
Authors: Zamanzadeh Nicole Neda , Afifi Tamara D.
Published: October 2023

Life can be stressful, especially for teens, and this stress can have negative impacts on both physical and psychological health. This book answers readers’ questions about the causes and consequences of stress and how it can be prevented and managed. Overscheduling, the pressure to get into a good college, bullying, body image, conflicts with friends, and social media are just a few of the many sources of stress for today’s teens. And, while teens may face just as many, if not more, stressors than adults, they are less likely to have the coping mechanisms and stress management tools needed to effectively combat the stress they feel. Part of Greenwood’s Q&A Health Guides series, Teen Stress: Your Questions Answered follows a reader-friendly question-and-answer format that anticipates readers' needs and concerns. Prevalent myths and misconceptions are identified and dispelled, and a collection of case studies illustrates key concepts and issues through relatable stories and insightful recommendations. Each book in the series also includes a section on health literacy, equipping teens and young adults with practical tools and strategies for finding, evaluating, and using credible sources of health information both on and off the internet—important skills that contribute to a lifetime of healthy decision-making.
Therapy and Counseling
Authors: Selby Christine L. B.
Published: October 2023

This book provides teens with an accessible introduction to counseling, psychotherapy, and other related services. The information, guidance, and resources it offers make it a valuable tool for young adult readers seeking professional assistance with their mental health concerns. Seeing a therapist or counselor can dramatically improve the lives of individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and many other psychological disorders, yet many young people are too afraid or embarrassed to seek the help of a trained mental health professional. Are their troubles serious enough? What type of therapist should they see? How long will treatment take, and how much will it cost? Will friends and family members find out, and what will they think if they do? Therapy and Counseling: Your Questions Answered, a part of Greenwood's Q&A Health Guides series, answers these and many other questions, attempting to dispel the mystery and stigma that surrounds mental health treatment. Each book in this series follows a reader-friendly question-and-answer format that anticipates readers' needs and concerns. Prevalent myths and misconceptions are identified and dispelled, and a collection of case studies illustrates key concepts and issues through relatable stories and insightful recommendations. The book also includes a section on health literacy, equipping teens and young adults with practical tools and strategies for finding, evaluating, and using credible sources of health information both on and off the internet—important skills that contribute to a lifetime of healthy decision-making.
Understanding Weight Control
Authors: Saltman Deborah C.
Published: October 2023

This guide explains why we gain weight and what we can do to lose it. Without advocating any particular diet, it details a mind-body strategy for realistic lifetime weight management.

Aiming to instill healthy perspectives for lifelong weight control, this book focuses on strategies that are designed to be modified and rotated throughout life to promote motivation, liveliness, and curiosity―key elements of not only losing weight but maintaining a healthy one. Each chapter is backed by the latest scientific evidence, presented in a way that is clear and understandable to readers. Emerging successful strategies are highlighted, and myths such as those developed by product and diet advertising campaigns are debunked.

Understanding Weight Control: Mind and Body Strategies for Lifelong Success presents a general, science-backed plan for long-term weight management. The author explains the physical and psychological factors of weight control―why our fat cells sometimes go rogue and what habits and other factors we can control to change that. She addresses coping with the mental challenges that accompany weight loss and control and additionally shares illustrative stories from her weight loss patients as well as from her own experience.
Universal Health Care
Authors: Butticè Claudio
Published: October 2023

This accessibly written book explains universal healthcare; the many forms it can take; and the issues, debates, and historical context underpinning the continued struggle for its implementation in the United States.

Universal healthcare may be defined as any healthcare system that ensures at least basic coverage to most, if not all, citizens of a country. Although it may be implemented in many ways, universal healthcare has been widely accepted by international humanitarian organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) as the best way to ensure the universal human right to health. So why is the United States the only industrialized country without universal healthcare? What are the political, social, and economic factors that have prevented its successful introduction?

Universal Healthcare explores what universal healthcare is, the many forms it can take—using examples from countries around the world—and the tumultuous history of attempts to implement a system of universal healthcare in the United States. Part II delves into the contentious issues and debates surrounding adoption of universal healthcare in the United States. Lastly, Part III provides a variety of useful materials, including case studies, a timeline of critical events, a glossary, and a directory of resources.
Vaccination
Authors: Rosner Lisa
Published: October 2023

Everyone has opinions about vaccines, but what are the facts? This resource provides clear, unbiased, and up-to-date information on vaccination, which protects the world's populations not only from pandemics like COVID-19 but other dangerous diseases as well. Each title in the Contemporary Debates series examines the veracity of controversial claims or beliefs surrounding a major political/cultural issue in the United States. They do so to give readers a clear and unbiased understanding of current issues by informing them about falsehoods, half-truths, and misconceptions—and confirming the factual validity of other assertions—that have gained traction in America's political and cultural discourse. This latest addition to the series is the first reference work on vaccines written through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic. It asks—and answers—questions raised by the pandemic, such as how vaccines work, what causes side effects, and how COVID-19 vaccines were developed so quickly. It also addresses broader questions, such as how to protect vaccine supply chains and how to prevent public health issues from being politicized. In addition to correcting or clarifying well-known misinformation and misunderstandings about vaccines (such as false claims that they have been linked to autism), this book also provides up-to-date research on ways to counter disinformation and decrease vaccine hesitancy.
What You Need to Know about Asthma
Authors: Kelly Evelyn B.
Published: October 2023

While some individuals with asthma consider the condition only a minor nuisance, for others it significantly interferes with daily activities and may even be life-threatening. This book offers readers a broad introduction to this common respiratory issue. Asthma is a respiratory condition marked by spasms, swelling, and excess mucus production in the bronchial passages of the lungs. This triggers coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. While asthma can usually be managed with medications and avoidance of certain triggers, it's a serious—potentially deadly—chronic disease. What You Need to Know about Asthma is part of Greenwood's Inside Diseases and Disorders series. This series profiles a variety of physical and psychological conditions, distilling and consolidating vast collections of scientific knowledge into concise, readable volumes. A list of "top 10" essential questions begins each book, providing quick-access answers to readers' most pressing concerns. The text follows a standardized, easy-to-navigate structure, with each chapter exploring a particular facet of the topic. In addition to covering such basics as causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, books in this series delve into issues that are less commonly addressed but still critically important, such as effects on loved ones and caregivers. Case illustrations highlight key themes discussed in the book and are accompanied by insightful analyses and recommendations.
What You Need to Know about Autism
Authors: Cumo Christopher
Published: October 2023

This book offers an accessibly written introduction to autism that make it an indispensable resource for anyone whose life has been affected—directly or indirectly—by this condition.

Autism is a spectrum of developmental disorders that can range from mild to severe. Individuals with autism often have difficulties with communication, social interaction, and sensory processing, and may engage in repetitive or restricted behaviors. Beyond this definition, however, what finer points and real-life implications of these disorders do individuals and families affected by autism need to know?

What You Need to Know about Autism is a part of Greenwood's Inside Diseases and Disorders series. This series profiles a variety of physical and psychological conditions, distilling and consolidating vast collections of scientific knowledge into concise, readable volumes. A list of “Top 10” essential questions begins each book, providing quick-access answers to readers' most pressing concerns. The text follows a standardized,easily navigable structure, with each chapter exploring a particular facet of the topic. In addition to covering basics such as causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, books in this series delve into issues that are less commonly addressed but still critical to understand, such as effects on loved ones and caregivers. Case illustrations highlight key themes discussed in the book and are accompanied by insightful analyses and recommendations.
What You Need to Know about Schizophrenia
Authors: Vitelli Romeo
Published: October 2023

Although often depicted as aggressive and unpredictable in movies, people with schizophrenia are actually far more likely to be the victims of violence than perpetrators of it. This book sheds light on the realities of this often misunderstood mental illness. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thoughts and behaviors. Although schizophrenia requires lifelong treatment, early intervention can help individuals effectively manage their symptoms. Even so, it can be a challenging condition to navigate for both the patient and their loved ones. What You Need to Know about Schizophrenia is part of Greenwood's Inside Diseases and Disorders series. This series profiles a variety of physical and psychological conditions, distilling and consolidating vast collections of scientific knowledge into concise, readable volumes. A list of "top 10" essential questions begins each book, providing quick-access answers to readers' most pressing concerns. The text follows a standardized, easy-to-navigate structure, with each chapter exploring a particular facet of the topic. In addition to covering such basics as causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, books in this series delve into issues that are less commonly addressed but still critically important, such as effects on loved ones and caregivers. Case illustrations highlight key themes discussed in the book and are accompanied by insightful analyses and recommendations.
Yoga
Authors: Sarkar Anjali A.
Published: October 2023

An ideal resource for teens and young adults interested in incorporating a yoga practice into their lives, this book answers readers' questions about the origins, benefits, and potential risks of yoga and offers practical advice for getting started.

First developed in northern India more than 5,000 years ago, yoga is now practiced around the world. It can improve strength, flexibility, and body awareness, as well as reduce stress and anxiety. As with any form of exercise, however, it can lead to injury if done incorrectly. For anyone interested in trying yoga for the first time, it's important to find a style and qualified instructor that are a good fit for their individual needs and goals.

Part of Greenwood’s Q&A Health Guides series, Yoga: Your Questions Answered follows a reader-friendly question-and-answer format that anticipates readerS' needs and concerns. Prevalent myths and misconceptions are identified and dispelled, and a collection of case studies illustrates key concepts and issues through relatable stories and insightful recommendations. Each book in the series also includes a section on health literacy, equipping teens and young adults with practical tools and strategies for finding, evaluating, and using credible sources of health information both on and off the internet—important skills that contribute to a lifetime of healthy decision-making.
Artifacts from Medieval Europe
Authors: Tschen-Emmons James B.
Published: October 2023

Using artifacts as primary sources, this book enables students to comprehensively assess and analyze historic evidence in the context of the medieval period.

This new addition to the Daily Life through Artifacts series provides not only the full benefit of a reference work with its comprehensive explanations and primary sources, but also supplies images of the objects, bringing a particular aspect of the medieval world to life. Each entry in Artifacts from Medieval Europe explains and expands upon the cultural significance of the artifact depicted. Artifacts are divided into such thematic categories as domestic life, religion, and transportation. Considered collectively, the various artifacts provide a composite look at daily life in the Middle Ages.

Unlike medieval history encyclopedias that feature brief reference entries, this book uses artifacts to examine major aspects of daily life. Each artifact entry features an introduction, a description, an examination of its contextual significance, and a list of further resources. This approach trains students how to best analyze primary sources. General readers with an interest in history will also benefit from this approach to learning that enables a more complete appreciation of past events and circumstances.
Chocolate
Authors: Collins Ross F.
Published: October 2023

Chocolate is nearly always with us–when celebrating or mourning, in love or alone, healthy or sick, happy or sad. This book offers a comprehensive look at how an exotic food grew to play such a central role in our lives.

No food in the world can offer as storied a history as chocolate. Chocolate: A Cultural Encyclopedia focuses on cocoa's history from ancient Mesoamerican beginnings as a symbol of ritual, life, and death, to its omnipresence in Europe, North America, and the rest of the world. In 10 thematic chapters covering chocolate in society and culture, 80 shorter entries, recipes, and a comprehensive timeline, this new book takes a closer look at how chocolate has served as a medicine, an indulgence, a symbol of decadence, a door to romance, a tempting taboo, a means of survival, and a snack for children and adults alike.

Why did popes and kings so fear their chocolate? Who invented milk chocolate, and why was its formula kept secret? Why did soldiers in World War II despise their chocolate rations? Who makes the most chocolate today? Find out the answers to these questions and more as this book tells you everything you wanted to know–and a lot you didn't even know existed–about the seed from the world’s favorite fruit tree.
The Cultural Context of Medieval Music
Authors: van Deusen Nancy
Published: October 2023

An urgently needed guide to understanding medieval music to be used as a text for the university undergraduate, graduate students in music and interdisciplinary medieval studies, and for the professional musicologist and medievalist. This book will also be appreciated by everyone interested in early music.

Nancy van Deusen's The Cultural Context of Medieval Music addresses the mental landscape surrounding music that, especially, was sung and experienced in the Middle Ages. Largely anonymous in its composition, and apparently lacking the motivation of fame and commerce, music within a well thought-out system of education served a purpose that goes far beyond casual entertainment or personal professional advancement. Offering experience through performance, music exemplified the basic principles not only of the material and possible measurements of the visible world—such as of objects, relationships, and movement—but also of the invisible materials of sound and time, making it an ideal medium for working with unseen substances such as concepts, imaginations, and ideas. St. Augustine in the late fourth century reinforced the importance of music for the process of learning when he wrote that nothing could be truly understood without music. This book shows how this, in fact, is the case—a message of great relevance today.
Daily Life in a Medieval Monastery
Authors: Olson Sherri
Published: October 2023

A study of life inside medieval monasteries that explores monastic spirituality, daily routines, contact with the outside world, and the historical impact of these foundational institutions on the Western world.

How did the Western monastic tradition begin? What was monastic life typically like for a monk or nun? How was the institution of the monastery formative to Western culture from antiquity through the Middle Ages? This book covers the entire span of monastic history in the late-ancient and medieval periods and provides an in-depth look at several monasteries across Europe. Each chapter introduces the reader to the surviving evidence for the houses studied, such as its monastic rules, plans, records of visitation, chronicles, and biographical accounts; and aims to give an "insider" view―not only of monks' and nuns' daily activities, but what these dedicated individuals' values, ambitions, and aspirations might have been.
Disney
Authors: Herlihy Stacy Mintzer
Published: October 2023

Since its founding in 1923, the Walt Disney Company has become an American institution and one of the most successful businesses in history. This book takes an in-depth look at the evolution of this iconic and sometimes controversial corporation. It's hard to imagine a childhood without the ubiquitous presence of Disney. From classics like Cinderella and Bambi to such modern blockbusters as Mulan and Frozen, Disney's animated features have captivated audiences for decades. Visiting Californi's Disneyland or Florid's Disney World has become the quintessential family vacation. Children dress as their favorite Disney characters for Halloween, while young-at-heart adults collect all manner of Disney memorabilia. But how much do you really know about this integral piece of Americana? Part of Greenwood’s Corporations That Changed the World series, this book provides readers with a richly detailed history of a company that has become synonymous with what it means to grow up as an American. It chronicles Walt Disney's early years and the evolution of the Walt Disney Company from animation studio to entertainment powerhouse. It also explores how Disney changed the landscape of animation and movie making forever. An unbiased look at the controversies that have surrounded Disney over the years will help readers better understand these contentious issues and how the company has responded.
Examining Energy and the Environment around the World
Authors: Johansen Bruce E.
Published: October 2023

This volume addresses ten issues pertaining to energy and the environment, such as climate change, fossil fuels, endangered species, and renewable energy, and examines how these issues are affecting countries around the world.

In the industrial age, first powered by coal and then more often by oil, environmental degradation nearly inevitably followed resource exploitation and energy production. This book examines environmental issues in specific countries around the world as well as solutions some of these countries have discovered in order to help save the environment.

This volume includes 10 chapters, each addressing a specific issue relating to energy and the environment as it pertains to a variety of countries, including toxic chemicals, pollution, deforestation, and climate change. Each chapter begins with an introduction to the issue. Following the chapter introduction, each chapter highlights that issue in eight countries and provides historic perspective. This work provides an overview for high school students and college students at the undergraduate level on 10 important topics that address matters relating to energy and the environment in the 21st century.
The Girl-Positive Library
Authors: Harlan Mary Ann
Published: October 2023

Providing a model of critique useful in readers advisory, collection development, and book clubs, this title encourages the inclusion of young adult titles advancing a positive representation of girls in programming and instruction.

Even in an era in which there are multiple and wide-ranging conversations about representations of diverse groups in literature, the depiction of girls in young adult literature has received inadequate attention. This text provides a model for understanding how girls are represented in young adult literature that will aid school and youth services librarians in their personal understanding and awareness as they build collections and create programming.

It provides practical suggestions for how to use and implement a feminist lens while reading, discussing, and reviewing titles. Included are a list of recommended annotated titles and discussion questions for use in developing appropriate instructional and interesting programs that explore concepts of girlhood, media literacy programs, and diverse collections.

Looks at YA books through a feminist lensProvides a list of recommended titles with annotations and discussion questionsProvides insights into YA books to consider for collection development and programming in an area of current interestIncludes descriptions of programming ideas to use in both school and public library settings
High Performance Managerial Leadership
Authors: de Waal André A.
Published: October 2023

Learn how managers have transformed their teams and companies into envied high-performance organizations in this guide to nurturing successful managers at your organization, informed by the author's 10-year study of applications of his High Performing Organization (HPO) Framework.
How can an organization learn to perform at a high level? The key is management. Based on years of intensive research and experience, André de Waal's proven strategy for achieving positive organizational change can turn your company or team into a true High Performance Organization (HPO). De Waal's HPO Framework is the only management improvement technique that has been developed on a solid scientific basis, validated through longitudinal site-level research, and developed over years of measuring organizational results. In this book, de Waal focuses on the activities and behaviors of managers in organizations that have successfully transformed themselves into HPOs. The author and his team closely followed and measured organizations that have adopted and applied the HPO Framework over many years, uncovering the secrets to creating successful and transformative managers through the use of HPO coaches, the application of "silo-busting" techniques to spur collaboration, and use of the HPO transformation success wheel. The resulting data set, analytics, and lessons presented represent a treasure trove of actionable tools for achieving successful managerial and organizational change and improvement.
The Life and Work of John Edgar Wideman
Authors: Byerman Keith E.
Published: October 2023

The Life and Work of John Edgar Wideman is ideal for readers who might not be familiar with Wideman's work or those who may have been intimidated by descriptions of his writings. Through its coverage of Wideman's life from several generations back to the present and explanations of how Wideman makes use of life experiences, this book breaks down barriers for new readers and enables them to better relate and connect to his writing.

Author Keith E. Byerman discusses Wideman's book-length works of fiction and nonfiction, as well as some of his shorter, journalistic pieces. The book emphasizes how Wideman integrates family and personal experience into what is typically labeled postmodern writing, and explains how he has evolved as a public intellectual who supplies shrewd commentary on subjects such as the prison system, terrorism, and the role of sports in American society.
Mindfulness and Meditation
Authors: Aguirre Blaise
Published: October 2023

This book is an approachable introduction to the topics of mindfulness and meditation as they relate to teens and young adults. The information, guidance, and resources offered make it a valuable tool for anyone curious about this trending topic.

Although mindfulness and meditation have been practiced for millennia, modern neurobiologists and psychologists are only just beginning to understand their full potential for improving physical and emotional well-being. Part of Greenwood's Q&A Health Guides series, Mindfulness and Meditation: Your Questions Answered provides clear, concise information for readers interested in the contemporary practice of, and research behind, mindfulness and meditation. It explores definitions of mindfulness and meditation, offers solutions for successfully incorporating them into our often-chaotic lives, and explains their many practical applications and benefits for practitioners.

Each book in this series follows a reader-friendly question-and-answer format that anticipates readers’ needs and concerns. Prevalent myths and misconceptions are identified and dispelled, and a collection of case studies illustrates key concepts and issues through relatable stories and insightful recommendations. The book also includes a section on health literacy, equipping teens and young adults with practical tools and strategies for finding, evaluating, and using credible sources of health information both on and off the Internet—important skills that contribute to a lifetime of healthy decision-making.
Plagiarism in Higher Education
Authors: Eaton Sarah Elaine
Published: October 2023

With considerations for students, faculty members, librarians, and researchers, this book will explain and help to mitigate plagiarism in higher education contexts.

Plagiarism is a complex issue that affects many stakeholders in higher education, but it isn't always well understood. This text provides an in-depth, evidence-based understanding of plagiarism with the goal of engaging campus communities in informed conversations about proactive approaches to plagiarism.

Offering practical suggestions for addressing plagiarism campus-wide, this book tackles such messy topics as self-plagiarism, plagiarism among international students, essay mills, and contract cheating. It also answers such tough questions as:

Why do students plagiarize, and why don't faculty always report it?

Why are plagiarism cases so hard to manage?

What if researchers themselves plagiarize?

How can we design better learning assessments to prevent plagiarism?

When should we choose human detection versus text-matching software?

This nonjudgmental book focuses on academic integrity from a teaching and learning perspective, offering comprehensive insights into various aspects of plagiarism with a particular lens on higher education to benefit the entire campus community.
Does Children’s Negative Emotion Differentiation Relate to Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology?
Authors: Michel Gerardo , Davis Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Negative emotion differentiation (NED) refers to experiencing negative emotions as being different from each other (e.g., sadness vs. fear). Prior literature has linked emotion regulation (ER) to internalizing psychopathology. The current study in- vestigates how NED among pre-adolescent youth may moderate this relationship. Participants include 106 youth ranging from ages 7 to 11 (55.6% male, Mage = 9.3 years). NED scores were computed as the variance in self-reports of nega- tive emotions across multiple time points. ER processes were measured using autobiographical emotion interviews and resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during a baseline task. Children’s anxiety and depression symptoms were evaluated using validated measures. NED is expected to (1) relate to depressive symptoms, (2) moderate the effectiveness and selection of both adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies, and (3) moderate the relationship between RSA and psychopathology. Initial correlational and independent t-test analyses revealed that NED was not directly associated with psychopathology. Instead, NED was positively related to separation anxiety for youth who did not use support-seek- ing strategies. NED was also higher for children who did not use cognitive re- framing strategies compared to children who did. Additional analyses revealed that resting RSA had a protective effect against some facets of psychopathology based on specific regulation strategies used. These findings have implications for inter- ventions (e.g., mindfulness) that can improve mental health outcomes for youth. KEYWORDS: Emotion differentiation, emotion regulation, child psychopa- thology, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)
Change in protease gene expression in an insect pest to plants in the potato/tomato family (Solanaceae)
Authors: Morshed Dana
Published: October 2023

Lineage-specific gene expansions may allow insects to adapt and diverge functional traits. The Hansen lab’s chromosomal assembly of the sap-sucking potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) previously identified three rapidly evolving genes associated with protease expression. The current study further analyzed whether or not plant diet and insect life stage might impact protease expression. We fed insects differ- ent plant diets of either potato or tomato at two insect life stages (2nd instar and young adult) to test for differences in insect protease gene expression. First, RNA extractions were conducted, followed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The study used the Δ-Δ Ct method to analyze the relative comparison of gene expression between two genes and the ANOVA test to determine if there is a relationship between the changes in gene expression. Preliminary data revealed a significant difference between the host plant diets potato and tomato for 2nd instar nymphs for two of the three candidate genes. This project begins laying the foundation for iden- tifying the function of species-specific protease genes that are evolving rapidly in the insect, and ultimately these genes may be involved in host plant adaptation.
Effects of Acute Stress on Parental Behavior in Reproductively Naïve Male California Mice
Authors: Shaikh Nabeel , Asif Parihan , Saltzman Wendy
Published: October 2023

In many biparental mammalian species, such as California mice (Peromyscus cali- fornicus), new fathers exhibit affiliative behavior toward unfamiliar infants, whereas reproductively naïve males show highly variable behavioral responses to infants. The sources of this variation are unknown. We investigated the effects of acute stress on pup-directed behavior in reproductively naïve male California mice. Each mouse underwent three 10-minute tests with an unfamiliar pup at 48-hour intervals. Males in the stressed group (N=22) were stressed using subcutane- ous oil injections, a common experimental stressor used in rodents, immediate- ly before each of the first two tests. The controls (N=22) were left undisturbed to avoid any experimentally induced stress. Compared to controls, stressed mice spent significantly less time performing paternal behavior in tests 1 and 2, while only marginal differences were seen in test 3. In tests 2 and 3, signifi- cantly fewer stressed mice interacted with the pup than controls. These findings suggest that acute stress experienced by reproductively naïve males might con- tribute to both short-term and long-term differences in pup-directed behavior.
Dressing Up the Revolution: The American Revolution in French Style, 1776-1789
Authors: Younglove Chelsea , Dubcovsky Alejandra
Published: October 2023

At the time of the American Revolution, French culture developed a fas- cination with America. This trend was expressed in many forms, including fashion, artwork, and architecture, all con-tributing to French narratives about the United States and the American Revolution. The fore-most of these nar- ratives were the portrayals of America as a neoclassical, republican idyll and as a rustic, pastoral return to the romantic concept of nature. French figures who donned the “American” style played a large and often conscious role in crafting such cultural narratives. From 1776 to 1789, the “American” style in France took on a variety of contradictory meanings in French culture and politics. French figures like the Marquis de Lafayette, the Duchesse de la Tour du Pin, and the Marquis de Condorcet took on a French-American identity and styled themselves as “Americans” to express different political views. By analyzing these individuals’ political views and sartorial styling, this essay examines the impact of French “American” style on the French perception of America. The essay utilizes contemporary publications such as newspa- pers and fashion magazines, as well as the memoirs and correspondence of French fig-ures. Through these sources, I examine the narratives surrounding “American” style and identi-ty in France. This reveals the complex relation- ship between French style and politics, contrib-uting to the ongoing historical discourse on the cultural lead-up to the Revolution of 1789.
Making a Name in Music
Authors: Tonelli Vanessa
Published: October 2023

In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Venice, hundreds of poor and abandoned girls and women turned to one of the four charitable Ospedali Maggiori for help and refuge. Those who had a musical talent, however, could find a life of relative privilege and distinction as one of the institutions’ female musicians, known as figlie di coro. These figlie di coro often became esteemed musicians, performing publicly and teaching music throughout their lives. This essay tells the stories of specific figlie di coro and the networks on which they relied to support their advantageous musical careers. Their own personal letters reveal insight to the connections that they developed through their musical prestige, which in turn helped them navigate various life choices and hardships faced by women in Venetian society.
Frequency of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yousafzai Raheel Akhtar , Din Rafi Ud , Khan Taimoor Ashraf , Hamid Ayesha , Tariq Abdul Moeed , Ashraf Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes of different age groups, body mass indexes and duration of diabetes.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Jun to Nov 2019.

Methodology: One hundred thirty-two patients of either gender with diabetes for more than one year were included. All patients underwent ultrasound to scan for fatty liver, and a consultant radiologist confirmed the findings. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed as per operational definition.

Results: Of the total 132, 89(67.5%) were males, and 43(32.5%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 49.34±5.76 years. The mean weight of the patients was 72.91±13.40 Kg, the mean height was 1.56±0.09 meters, and 6.35±2.99 years was the mean duration of diabetes. Most patients were 46-60 years (78.8%). NAFLD was seen in 58.5% of patients with diabetes with female preponderance.

Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was found to be more frequent in patients of the age group 46-60 years, and also it has a strong correlation with body mass index of >25 kg/m2 and longer duration of diabetes. A significant proportion of patients with diabetes were also found to have ‘lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Reduction of Early Postoperative Pain: Comparison between Port Site and Intra-Peritoneal Infiltration of Local Anaesthetic Agent Among the Patients Undergoing Elective Cholecystectomy
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad Ahsan , Butt Muhammad Qasim , Mehmood Khalid , Ayaz Muhammad Mohsin , Abbas Maryam , Butt Zainab Qasim
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the role of port site and intra-peritoneal infiltration of local anaesthetic agent in reducing early postoperative pain in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.Setting And Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to Mar 2020.

Methodology: This study was conducted on 250 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the studyperiod. Patients were randomized into two groups. Group-A received the port site infiltration of the local anaesthetic agent, while Group-B received the intraperitoneal infiltration of the same agent after the surgery. The pain at the surgical site was recorded on the visual analogue scale (VAS) 24 hours after the surgical procedure.

Results: Out of 250 patients randomized into two groups, 130(52%) in Group-A and 120(48%) in Group-B. 160(64%) were male, while 90(36%) were female. The mean age of patients in our study was 40.15 ±6.57 years. The mean pain score in GroupA was 7.21±2.11, while in Group-B was 5.42±1.29. There was a significant difference in the pain score of both groups (p-value<0.01).

Conclusion: Intraperitoneal infiltration of the local anaesthetic agent after the laparoscopic surgery emerged as better analgesia for early post-operative pain than port site infiltration of the same agent in the same dose.
Aetiology, Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Patients Presenting with Acute Flaccid Paralysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khalid Qurat ul Ain , Mukhtiar Khairunnisa , Baloch Fozia , Bibi Nazia , Ibrahim Shahnaz , Chand Prem
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the aetiology, clinical presentation and outcome of patients presenting with acute flaccid paralysis.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Agha Khan Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Medical record of 150 children fulfilling the selection criteria were selected. The clinical presentations of the patient were recorded in terms of the following: fever, cough, vomiting, weakness, difficulty in swallowing, altered sensorium, changes in heart rate and blood pressure and difficulty in breathing. The outcome of children with acute flaccid paralysis, i.e. clinical improvement in symptoms, complete recovery or death during the hospital stay, was noted.
Results: The mean age of patients was 10.13±5.01 years. The most common disease at presentation was Guillain bare syndrome 55(36.7%), followed by viral myositis 37(24.7%). Weakness was noted in all patients (100%), fever and headache in 64(42.7%), vomiting in 25(16.7%), and difficulty in breathing in 19(12.7%). After treatment, some improvement was noted in 104(69.3%) cases, while 27(18.0%) patients had no improvement; residual neurological disability was noted in 19(12.7%) cases, and 3(2.0%) died during follow-up.
Conclusion: Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) in children is a big challenge for physicians, and Guillian Barre Syndrome is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. It almost invariably presents with weakness of the body. Keywords: Acute flaccid paralysis, Aetiology, Clinical presentation, Residual neurological disability.
Role of Subcutaneous Bilirubinometre in the Evaluation of Bilirubin Level in Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Maqsood Almas , Zaidi Syed Taqi Hasan , Saba Ameena , Shujaat Wasif , Fatima Benish , Rao Bushra
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To record the demographic features of neonates presenting with jaundice, identify their cause, and co-relate bilirubin levels obtained by subcutaneous bilirubinometre with a standard biochemical method.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Nursery of Combined Military Hospital, Malir Cantt Karachi, from Jul to Dec 2020.

Methodology: A total of 100 cases of neonatal jaundice were enrolled using a systematic random sampling technique. The demographic data of enrolled neonates and risk factors for jaundice were recorded. Their bilirubin levels were recorded using transcutaneous bilirubinometre (TCB) JH-2. Serum bilirubin levels were analyzed at the same time and recorded.

Results: Out of 100 neonates, 61(61 %) were male. Risk factors for jaundice included exaggerated physiological 70(70%), prematurity 11(11%), Rh incompatibility 9(9%), G6PD deficiency 5(5%). For all weight ranges, mean TCB values significantly correlated with mean serum bilirubin level (p-value <0.001) with a co-relation coefficient of 0.683 and device reliability of 74%.

Conclusion: Transcutaneous bilirubinometre can be considered a reliable tool to assess bilirubin for screening neonatal jaundice in term and pre-term neonates.
Impact of Comorbid Conditions on Severity of Dengue Fever: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ashraf Amna , Zafar Sana , Mehmood Faisal , Shah Bukhari Karamat Hussain , Habib Aamir , Husnain Muhammad Ammar
Published: October 2023

Objective: to identify the comorbid conditions associated with an increased risk of severe Dengue in clinically diagnosed patients with Dengue viral infections.

Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Dengue ward, Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Oct to Nov 2021.

Methodology: Three hundred patients with confirmed Dengue infection were enrolled in the study. These patients were divided into two groups: 150 patients with comorbids (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease) and 150 patients without comorbids. The impact of comorbid conditions on the severity of dengue fever was studied.

Results: Seventy-three out of the 300 patients had Dengue Fever without warning signs, while 79 out of the 300 patients had Severe Dengue Fever. Almost half of the patients (148) 300 had Dengue Fever with warning signs. The mean age of participants is 45.62±14.06 years. Patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to develop Dengue without warning signs. Patients with hypertension were more likely to develop severe Dengue.

Conclusion: This study showed that comorbid conditions such as Diabetes and Hypertension are important risk factors for developing severe Dengue.
Portal Venous Pulsatility Index: A Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis of High-Risk NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Dise
Authors: Khan Muhammad Nasir Naeem , Ahmed Aliya , Zafar Ibtesam , Hashmi Fasih Ul Islam , Khan Amir , Khalid Tayyaba
Published: October 2023

Objective: To assess the accuracy of portal vein pulsatility (VPI) for non-invasive diagnosis of high-risk non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Institute of Medical Science, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan to May 2022.

Methodology: Duplex Doppler ultrasound was used to examine the main portal vein in patients with a biopsy-proven Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis. Patients were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography after fasting for four hours in accordance with standard methodology. The maximum (Vmax) and minimum (Vmin) blood velocities in the portal veins were measured using the spectral waveform.

Results: Out of 240 NAFLD patients, 102(42.50%) were males, and 138(57.50 %) were females. According to the Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis clinical research network (NASH CRN) scoring system, 95(39.58%) patients had F0 disease, 80(33.33%) had F1, 30(12.5%) patients F2, 24(10%) patients had F3 and 11(4.58%) had F4. 50(53.76%) patients in the low-risk group and 43(46.24%) patients in the high-risk group had diabetes. Of 102 males, 73(71.56%) had low risk, and 29(28.44%) had high risk. While out of 138 females, 79(57.24%) females had low risk, and 59(42.76%) females had a high risk of NAFLD. Venous pulsatility index, NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB-4, BARD score, and APRL had statistically significant differences (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Venous pulsatility index is a reliable marker for detecting high-risk NAFLD. It is a readily available non-invasive investigation and can be reliably used as a screening tool for detecting NAFLD in high-risk patients, avoiding invasive investigation.