bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF SPECIFIC PREVENTION OF INFLUENZA IN INDIVIDUALS WITH POLYMORPHISMS ARG753GLN OF TLR-2, LEU412PHE OF TLR-3, ASP299GLY OF TLR-4 GENES
Authors: Pryimenko Nataliia O. , Kotelevska Tetiana M. , Koval Tetiana I. , Bodnar Vadym A. , Syzova Liudmyla M. , Rudenko Stanislav S.
Published: November 2020

The aim: Is to study the efficacy of influenza vaccination for individuals with polymorphism Arg753Gln of TLR-2 gene, Leu412Phe of TLR-3 gene, and Asp299Gly of TLR-4 gene.
Materials and methods: 66 people with mutant genotypes and normal distribution of alleles of TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4 genes, aged 18-63, were inoculated with anti-influenza vaccine. The genotyping of Arg753Gln polymorphic site of TLR-2, Asp299Gly of TLR-4, and Leu412Phe of TLR-3 gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers usage. The immunological efficacy of vaccination was evaluated by seroconversion, seroprotection, and dynamics of mean geometric titers of antibodies.
Results: It has been established that individuals with mutant genotypes Arg/Gln of TLR-2, Leu/Phe, Phe/Phe of TLR-3, Asp/Gly of TLR-4 genes have a vaccinal response to administering anti-influenza vaccine at the level of subjects with normal distribution of TLR alleles, as evidenced by the growth in dynamics of mean geometric titers of antibodies to vaccine strains, the level of seroprotection and seroconversion. Clinical and epidemiological efficacy of vaccination in this category of people is characterized by: reduction of ARI cases in the postvaccinal period by 2,0-3,0 times; prevention of pneumonia in all vaccinated subjects; decrease in the frequency of bronchitis by 2,5-3,8 times.
Conclusions: Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in individuals with Arg573Gln polymorphism of TLR-2, Leu412Phe of TLR-3, Asp299Gly of TLR-4 genes by immune and clinical epidemiological parameters is determined at the level of vaccinated subjects with normal distribution of TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4 alleles. Specific influenza immunization of people with polymorphic modified genotypes of TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4 genes can prevent the development of pneumonia and reduce the incidence of bronchitis.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY IN MYOFASCIAL SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: Оstаpyak Zinovyi M. , Mytckan Bogdan M. , Bejga Przemyslaw , Gerich Roman P. , Popel’ Serg L.
Published: November 2020

The aim: Is to conduct a comparative analysis of electroneuromyographic parameters in patients with myofascial pain syndrome with multiple sclerosis under the conditions of using various means of physical therapy.
Materials and methods: 105 patients aged 21 to 54 years were examined with MPS in MS. Neurological disorders were verified according to ENMG examinations. 64 patients were enrolled in an experimental group for which a specially designed program was included, which included reflexology and exercise for stretching muscles for 30 days. The control group included 41 patients who underwent a FT course based on therapeutic massage during the same time. Analysis of global ENMG was performed according to functional tests («muscle relaxation» and «maximum arbitrary muscle tension» with m. Tibialis anterior and m. Rectus femoris), M-responses and H-reflexes, polysynaptic responses (PSV) in withdrawal from these muscles during short-term stimulation n. plantaris (number of pulses in series 10, frequency - 20 Hz, duration of a separate stimulation signal - 1 ms, intensity - double threshold of contractile response of the muscles of the sole of the foot) and residual latency as the time of motor impulse on terminal non-myelinated nerve. Testing was performed on the same muscle groups on the left and righ.
Results: Before physical therapy during electromyographic testing, a significant decrease in the amplitude of the maximum M response, a decrease in the speed of the impulse in the proximal and distal segments of the peripheral nerve, was found to be significant compared with the control, the ratio of the proximal-distal coefficient and the residual latency index significantly increased, which indicates a demyelinating character lesions of nerve conductors. After reflexotherapy with muscle stretching in 38.0% of the patients of the experimental group, the dynamics of the amplitude of the M-answers on the left and on the right has only a tendency to further increase, while in the other 62.0% of patients, the amplitude of the M-responses increases bilaterally and is 65.7% higher than in the control group.
Conclusions: The use of reflexology in conjunction with stretching leads to a reduction in muscle spasticity and pain, as evidenced by electrophysiological indicators that substantiate their feasibility in the practice of physical therapy to improve the functional status of patients with MPS in MS.
CANCER IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Wieliczko Monika , Pyrża Michał , Małyszko Jolanta
Published: November 2020

Cancer in dialysis patients is a common problem and is one of the most common reasons of mordibity and mortality in developed countries. An impaired renal function leads to the accumulation in the blood products of nitrogen transformation, which negatively affect organ function, especially the immune system. The Standardized Cancer Incidence is higher in patients with end-stage kidney failure than in the general population and reaches 1,18-1,42. The cancer risk is three times higher in dialysis patients over age 65 years and is more common among hemodialysis than peritoneal dialysis patients. The most common type of cancer occurring in this group of patients is urinary tract cancer which often develops on the basis of acquired cysts and in patients previously treated with cyclophosphamide. Nonetheless, patients with kidney problems are not regularly tested for these diseases and the only group that is screened for cancer are patients tested for kidney transplantation. Some problems in this topic are briefly presented in this article.
Formation and study of the cherry (Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) Collection at melitopol research fruit growing station to identify valuable-for-breeding accessions
Authors: Shkinder-Barmina A.M.
Published: November 2020

Aim. To form and study the gene pool cherry collection and to select varieties -sources with highly expressed valuable economic and biological characteristics for breeding.
Result and Discussion. Having studied varieties, we identified sources of valuable economic and biological characteristics: winter hardiness of generative buds, resistance of flower buds to freezing during late spring, field resistance to monilial burn and coccomycosis, crown compactness, self-fertility, early maturity, large fruits, high fruit palatability, early ripening of fruits, and high productivity. Among the identified 60 varieties-sources of individual valuable characteristics, valuable for breeding varieties were picked out (Amulet, Vstrecha, Hriot Melitopilskyi, Ighrushka, Melitopilskaya Radist, Melitopilska Purpurna, Prizvaniye, Siianets Turovtsevoi, Solidarnist, Shalunia, Chudo Vyschnia), which are sources of several economically valuable characteristics. Over the period of 2004 2018, 31 domestic and foreign varieties, which are donors and sources of these valuable economic and biological characteristics, were involved in breeding to create new varieties of cherries and cherry-sweet cherry hybrids. Registration Certificates of a Plant Gene Pool Accession in Ukraine were received for Shalunia, Vstrecha, Vidrodzhennia, Rannii Desert, Solidarnist, Melitopilska Purpurna, and Melitopilska Radist varieties. Three more varieties were submitted for certificates. Having studied the collection, distinguished reference varieties and sources of biological and economically valuable characteristics, a trait collection of cherries was formed and registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.
Conclusions. The gene pool collection of cherries is investigated continuously for effective breeding. Varieties-sources of valuable characteristics were identified, the involvement of which in breeding will allow generating forms that combine maximal number of economically valuable characteristics in the same genotype.
Сучасний стан дубових насаджень на притоках Ворскли у межах Сумської області та особливості їхнього природного відновлення
Authors: Бондар О. Б. , Румянцев М. Г. , Кобець О. В. , Сидоренко С. В. , Ющик В. С.
Published: November 2020

Подано результати досліджень щодо характеристики дубових насаджень на притоках Ворскли у межах Сумської області. Визначено, що серед загальної площі вкритих лісовою рослинністю лісових ділянок на водозборі Ворскли (40464 га), найпоширенішими є дубові насадження, частка площі яких становить 64,4 % (26052 га). Проаналізовано розподіл площі цих насаджень на 10 притоках річки Ворскли за типами лісорослинних умов, походженням, класами віку та категоріями лісів. Наведено результати досліджень природного поновлення дуба й інших порід під наметом дубових насаджень і на зрубах. Підтверджено необхідність сприяння природному відновленню й ефективного його використання для відтворення дубових лісів на водозборах річок. Розподіл дубових насаджень за типами лісорослинних умов свідчить про сприятливі умови для їх росту, оскільки 90,7 % площі становлять свіжі груди. Вікова структура досліджуваних дубняків є розбалансованою. Переважають насадження IX–XII (52,4 %) та V–VIII (35,5 %) класів віку. Природні дубові ліси займають 58,3 % (15185 га) від загальної площі, а штучні (лісові культури) – 41,7 % (10867 га). Розподіл дубових насаджень за функціональним призначенням свідчить про переважання експлуатаційних лісів, частка яких становить 53,7 % (14001 га) від загальної площі. Частка захисних лісів становить 36,1 % (9387 га), лісів природоохоронного, наукового, історико-культурного призначення – 7,1 % (1856 га) та рекреаційно-оздоровчих лісів – 3,1 % (808 га). Ці ліси, окрім задоволення потреб суспільства в цінній дубовій деревині, виконують також надзвичайно важливі та різноманітні еколого-захисні функції. Закономірності поширення дубових насаджень на притоках Ворскли доцільно враховувати під час ведення лісового господарства з метою збереження їхнього різноманіття та посилення виконання ними важливих екологічних, захисних, рекреаційних і інших функцій. Окрім цього, особливості їхньої лісівничо-таксаційної й типологічної структури можуть бути враховані для удосконалення відповідних положень водозбірно-ландшафтного районування України.
Інформаційне забезпечення процесу моделювання біопродуктивності лісів Черемського природного заповідника
Authors: Гоцик О. С. , Сахарук Г. А. , Блищик В. І. , Лакида П. І.
Published: November 2020

Важливим етапом у процесі дослідження біопродуктивності лісів є агрегування дослідних даних про наявні для конкретного регіону тимчасові пробні площі (ТПП), які відображали б основні таксаційні показники та найпоширеніші типи лісорослинних умов деревостанів головних лісотвірних видів. Для дослідження фітомаси дерев і деревостанів використано методи лісової таксації: суцільного переліку та вибіркові. Пробні площі закладали за методикою П. І. Лакиди. Для інформативного забезпечення оцінювання біопродуктивності та екологічного потенціалу лісостанів Черемського природного заповідника застосовано 64 тимчасові пробні площі, з яких 44 закладено в деревостанах природного походження і 20 – у штучних насадженнях. Причому 2 ТПП заклав безпосередньо аспірант та 62 ТПП взято з фонду кафедри таксації лісу та лісового менеджменту Національного університету біоресурсів і природокористування України. Тимчасові пробні площі проаналізовано за деревними видами, походженням, типами лісорослинних умов, класами бонітету, відносними повнотами та групами віку. Використані ТПП адекватно описують найпоширеніші соснові, вільхові і березові деревостани головних лісотвірних порід заповідника і характеризують наявний стан лісів досліджуваного об'єкта. Деякі таксаційні показники (середній вік, діаметр і висота) аналізували на наявність в масиві даних випадаючих спостережень та екстремальних значень. Діаграми розмаху основних таксаційних показників вільхи клейкої показують, що у зібраних дослідних даних вони відсутні, а вибірка охоплює широкий діапазон спостережень. У масиві даних березових насаджень присутні "викиди" у розподілі за середніми віком і діаметром. Діаграми розмаху середніх таксаційних показників деревостанів сосни звичайної побудовано окремо для природного і штучного походження. Зібраний експериментальний матеріал є репрезентативним, що дає змогу на його основі розробити математичні моделі компонентів фітомаси модальних деревостанів та оцінити їхню динаміку.
Вплив модифікатора на селективність реакції хлорування етилену до 1,2-дихлоретану в промислових умовах
Authors: Шпарій М. В. , Старчевський В. Л. , Гринчук Ю. М.
Published: November 2020

Досліджено вплив стабілізатора (модифікатора) каталітичного комплексу – натрієвої солі перфторованої сульфокислоти – на каталітичну систему [FeCl3– NaCl] у промисловому процесі прямого рідиннофазного хлорування етилену до 1,2-дихлоретану на діючій установці хлорування етилену виробництва хлористого вінілу ТОВ "Карпатнафтохім", м. Калуш, Івано-Франківської області. Встановлено, що введення до складу каталізатора натрієвої солі перфторованої сульфокислоти в кількості 1-4 % від маси хлориду натрію не призводить до помітних змін у процесі розчинення, а зростання кількості стабілізатора каталітичного комплексу від 4 до 10 % скорочує тривалість розчинення з 2 до 1 год, веде до зростання концентрації хлориду натрію до проектних значень у каталітичному розчині та до збільшення селективності утворення цільового продукту до 99,3 %, при цьому кількість побічних продуктів – в основному 1,1,2-трихлоретану – зменшується в 1,8 раза. Показано, що експериментальні результати, отримані в лабораторії, корелюють із результатами, отриманими у промислових умовах. Після припинення подачі модифікатора технологічні показники процесу погіршуються, концентрація йонів натрію зменшується з 50 до 6-8 ррм, а селективність утворення 1,2-дихлоретану – до 98,5 %. Використання натрієвої солі перфторовної сульфо-кислоти у промисловому процесі можливе без будь-яких змін у технологічній схемі діючого виробництва 1,2-дихлоретану. Експериментально визначена оптимальна концентрація натрієвої солі перфторованої сульфокислоти, яка становить 8-10 % від маси хлориду натрію. Результати випробовувань модифікатора каталітичної системи процесу прямого рідинно-фазного хлорування етилену показали ефективність його роботи у промислових умовах і дали змогу отримати фактичний економічний ефект.
Relevance of Entrepreneurial Orientation Strategy to Cooperative Business Organizations in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Cooperative and Rural Development, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria, Sofoluwe Nurudeen
Published: November 2020

This study examines the relevance of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) strategies to the success of cooperative business organizations. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire from randomly sampled cooperative organizations. The data covered organizational characteristics, entrepreneurial orientation and performance of the cooperative firms. Descriptive analysis and structural equation model (SEM) were used to analyze the data. The findings show that entrepreneurial capacity of cooperative organizations to unlock prevailing market strategies is high. However, their level of aggressiveness for enhanced market competitiveness is low. Strong proclivity for high risk business is also low. The competitive aggressiveness of cooperative organization is found to be non-existent in the entrepreneurial framework. The findings suggest the need for review of business strategies of most cooperative entities.
Labour Force Participation Rate and it Implications on Food Security, Fertility Rate and Economic Growth in West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) Countries
Authors:   University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Oyelade Aduralere , Oghenetega Onome ,   Pan African University, Institute of Earth and Life Sciences (including Agriculture and Health), University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Eforuoku Favour ,   Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: November 2020

The study investigated the impact of labour force participation rate and its implications on food security, fertility rate and economic growth in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ). Using data from 6 countries over the period of 1990 tо 2016 and pool autoregressive dіstrіbutеd lаg (PАRDL) bоunds tеstіng рrосеdurе was employed. The result from the study showed that female labour force participation and health expenditure per capita determine food security and male labour force participation, female labour force participation, gross capita formation, health education per capita and enrolment in secondary education are the variables that determine fertility rate, while male labour force participation, female labour force participation, health expenditure per capita and enrolment in secondary education affect GDP per capita. The study recommended that policies should be directed toward increasing female labour force participation which will compliment male labour force participation as well as increase decent and productive work opportunities for female workers which will promote GDP per capita, leading to reduction in fertility rate and promote food security among member countries. Furthermore, family-friendly policies will further encourage females to participate in the labour market. Therefore, more efforts should be made to promote female labour force participation as the entire WAMZ countries will benefit from the growth and welfare improvement that it will generate. WAMZ countries governments need build their capacity through investment in health and education in order to enhance productivity of the labour force which will lead to economic growth, reduction in fertility rate as well as promote food security. This study has contributed empirically and theoretically to the body of knowledge. The scope covered also makes the study uniquely robust and different from previous ones.
Resolução de Problemas do Campo Multiplicativo com Crianças de 1º e 2º Anos do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Castro Claudia Alves de , Curi Edda
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar protocolos de crianças de primeiro e segundo anos do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos, de uma escola privada da cidade de São Paulo, envolvendo a resolução de problemas do Campo Conceitual das Estruturas Multiplicativas. Resulta de parte da pesquisa de doutorado no Ensino de Matemática, em que a aluna pesquisadora, bolsista CAPES, da Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul tem participação no grupo de pesquisa Conhecimentos, Crenças e Práticas de Professores que ensinam Matemática (CCPPM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências. O referido grupo desenvolve um conjunto de pesquisas sobre o ensino de Matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental (E. F.) que ao serem exploradas com maior acuidade, permitem trazer maiores contribuições para a área. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com procedimentos de análise documental de protocolos e vídeo-filmagem.  Entre os resultados destacamos que as crianças de 1º e 2º anos do Ensino Fundamental, mesmo sem saber as tabuadas ou os algoritmos da multiplicação, resolvem problemas do Campo Multiplicativo, usando estratégias pessoais, ou mesmo por adição e chegam à resolução correta.
Effect of Noni Fruit Extract (Morinda citrifolia) on Glucose Intake to Diabetes Mellitus White Rat Muscle Tissue
Authors: Wulandari Patricia
Published: November 2020

Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) is one of the most common plants inIndonesia. This plant is often found in various regions in Indonesia, where theseplants are often in the form of shrubs or wild plants that grow in yards orplantations. This study aims to assess the effect of noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruitextract on blood sugar levels and the expression of GLUT4 protein in muscletissue which shows the potential of the test extract's ability to improve bloodglucose intake to cells so that it can maintain blood sugar regulation. Thisresearch was an experimental study that used white rats as research subject.Induction of diabetes was done by injecting alloxan at a dose of 110 mg/kg BWintraperitoneally; then the white rats were given 10% glucose to drink. Alloxan-induced white rats showed a very significant increase in blood sugar levels,where the use of the drug metformin was able to reduce blood sugar levelssignificantly. In white rats induced with diabetes mellitus, there was a decreasein GLUT4 levels in muscle tissue. The administration of metformin drugs or nonifruit extracts shows the ability to increase levels of GLUT4 protein. In conclusion,noni fruit extract affects lowering blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus whiterats by increasing glucose intake to cells and tissues.
THE EFFECTS OF THE COMBINATION OF RAPAMYCIN WITH DOXORUBICIN AND PACLITAXEL ON THE MODELS OF TRANSPLANTABLE TUMORS IN MICE
Authors: Yurova Mariya , Tyndyk Margarita , Gubareva Yekaterina , Fedoros Yelena , Anisimov Viktor
Published: November 2020

The study aimed to assess combined treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and cytotoxic drugs (doxorubicin and paclitaxel) on two models of transplantable tumors - mammary adenocarcinoma in male HER-2/neu transgenic FVB/N mice and solid Ehrlich carcinoma in male 129/Sv mice. Rapamycin (total dose of 3.6 mg kg), doxorubicin (total dose of 15 mg/ kg), paclitaxel (total dose of 6 mg/kg) or their combination were intraperitoneally injected to mice with developed tumor node. Rapamycin showed its own antitumor activity by tumor growth inhibition up to 42% in mammary adenocarcinoma model and up to 57% in Ehrlich carcinoma model. A tendency to an increase in the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic drugs with the addition of rapamycin was revealed. The cyto-protective effect of the mTOR inhibitor was observed during therapy with doxorubicin and paclitaxel, expressed in a significant decrease in the level of apoptosis in normal epithelium of jejunum crypts. Thus, revealed protective effect of mTOR inhibitor on jejunum epithelium could be applied for reduction of chemotherapeutic drugs enterotoxic effect without any efficiency reduction. Thus, in perspective that could expand the possibilities of standard chemotherapeutic treatment and improve the quality of life of cancer patients.
CURRENT APPROACH ON CUTANEOUS MELANOMA DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Ebert Mariya , Gafton Georgiy , Zinovev Grigoriy , Gafton I.
Published: November 2020

Melanoma is on the first place in mortality among all skin tumors. Over the past 50 years, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma compared to other types of tumors. Rates of 5-year survival are fairly high, if melanoma is diagnosed in the early stages, which requires adequate diagnostics and treatment. Melanoma diagnostic, especially in the early stages, can be problematic even for an experienced dermatologist. However, primary contact doctor can be any specialty. Melanoma and other skin tumors can be detected by physical examination during treatment for another disease. Phenotypic risks factors, anamnestic data, and physical examination data are important in cutaneous melanoma diagnostics. The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis during a visual examination by an experienced dermatologist is approximately 70 percent. However, dermascopy can significantly increase the accuracy of a clinical diagnostics. In recent years there has been an active research for new non-invasive methods and algorithms for cutaneous melanoma diagnostics. The main goal of non-invasive diagnostics is to determine need for biopsy. This decision should be based on a combination of clinical and dermascopic examinations and other information, including growth dynamics, symptoms and medical history. Thus, an adequate diagnostic of cutaneous melanoma, including non-invasive and invasive methods, is a simple and economically viable way to early detection of cutaneous melanoma and to reduce mortality from this aggressive disease.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CANCER SERVICE ON THE BASIS OF THE FORMS OF STATE REPORTING AND THE DATABASE OF THE POPULATION CANCER REGISTER OF THE NORTHWESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT. PART 1
Authors: Belyaev A. , Merabishvili V.
Published: November 2020

The assessment of the state of the cancer service should be carried out on a reliable basis, which can be greatly helped by the established system of Population cancer registers (DB PRR), which is not fully used at present for the analysis of its activities. In the northwestern Federal district for the first time in Russia fully formed DB PRR, collected more than 1 million cases of malignant tumors for a comprehensive study of its condition. The analysis of these materials forms the basis of our research.
The purpose of the article is to present a set of analytical criteria for an objective assessment of the activities of cancer services on the example of the regional PRR NWFD of the Russian Federation. The analysis of survival of patients in the NWFD according to international standards will be presented in the next article (part II).
Materials and methods. Materials for the study selected data from the official statements of f.№7 and the Federal state statistics service And for the first time in Russia complete database PRR NWFD. Classical methods of statistical analysis are used.
Results. Established for 7 years, the growth of cancer incidence in the northwestern Federal district by 10.3% in standardized indicators and a decrease in mortality of the population of the northwestern Federal district by 9% in the same indicators. For the first time the comparison of morbidity data on f.№7 and DB PRR at the level of the Federal district. The calculation of the index of reliability of accounting is carried out, its positive dynamics is shown. Median survival rate of patients with NWFD was calculated. Dynamics of 1-year and 5-year observed and relative survival of cancer patients was calculated. The conducted research has shown expediency of wide use for the analysis of activity of oncological service of data of DB PRR in addition to statistical collections of Management of Federal service of the state statistics about population and number of the died. Data f.№7 it is advisable to use as operational reporting.
INVESTIGATION KRAS MUTATION IN CIRCULATION TUMOR DNA IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: Shubin Vitaliy , Shelygin Yuriy , Achkasov Sergey , Rybakov Yevgeniy , Ponomarenko Aleksey , Tarasov Mikhail , Savushkin Aleksandr , Kapitanov Mikhail , Shakhmatov Dmitriy , Maynovskaya Olga , Frolov Sergey , Tsukanov Aleksey
Published: November 2020

To determine mutations in the plasma KRAS gene in patients with colorectal cancer was the aim of this study. The material was obtained from 44 patients with colorectal cancer of different stages (T1-4N0-2bM0-1c). Plasma for the presence of KRAS gene mutation in circulating tumor DNA was investigated using digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (PCR). KRAS mutations in circulating tumor DNA isolated from 1 ml of plasma were detected in 13 (30%) patients with cancer of different stages. Of these, with stage II, there were 3 patients, with III - 5 and with IV - 5. Patients who did not have mutations in 1 ml of plasma were analyzed for mutations of KRAS in circulating tumor DNA isolated from 3 ml of plasma. Five more patients with KRAS mutations were found with II and III stages. The highest concentrations of circulating tumor DNA with KRAS mutation were found in patients with stage IV. The increase in plasma volume to 3 ml did not lead to the identification of mutations in I stage. This study showed that digital droplet PCR allows identification of circulating tumor DNA with the KRAS mutations in patients with stage II-IV of colon cancer. The results can be used to determine the degree of aggressiveness of the tumor at different stages of the disease, but not the 1st, and it is recommended to use a plasma volume of at least 3 ml.
THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE INHIBITION OF POSTCASTRATION SYNDROME IN CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE BASED ON PROGRAMMABLE XENON THERAPY REGIMENS
Authors: Sidorenko Yuriy , Kit Oleg , Popova Natalya , Arapova Yuliya , Shikhlyarova Alla , Moiseenko Tatyana , Menshenina Anna , Vashchenko Larisa , Rostorguev Eduard , Popov Ivan , Goncharova Anna
Published: November 2020

The aim was to study the possibility of normalizing rhythmic brain activity and psychoemotional status in young patients with locally advanced cervical cancer after surgical castration and the development of severe postovariectomic syndrome using low dose xenon therapy regimens.
Material and methods. The study included data obtained from 30 patients aged 39.4±3.7 years with cervical cancer pT1bN0M0 (n=14), pT2aN0M0 (n=16); after the extirpation of the uterus with appendages and the upper third of the vagina with pelvic lymphadenectomy, patients received low-dose xenon therapy in an exponential programmed regimen of xenon concentration and exposure. The state of brain rhythms was controlled using the electroencephalograph-recorder “En-cephalan EEGR-19/26”. 19 unipolar leads were recorded with the calculation of the EEG spectral power and topographical mapping using the Encephalan-3D program. Psychological testing of patients with cervical cancer was performed using the questionnaires of 7-point individual subjective self-assessment developed by Garkavi L.Kh.- KuzmenkoT.S.
Results. The normalizing effect of xenon therapy involved restructuring of cortical brain activity with a decrease in the power of slow- and high-frequency alpha-rhythm subranges and the predominance of physiologically significant mid-frequency alpha rhythms of 9.6 Hz quiet wakefulness together with slow delta and theta ranges. This correlated with the data of topographic mapping of the power spectrum on the presence of two foci of the spatial organization of alpha and theta rhythms. Evaluation criteria for psychological testing showed the reduction of anxiety, depression, fatigue, normalization of sleep, appetite, work capacity, and increased activity and optimism in 82-98% of patients.
Conclusion. The possibility of inhibiting the postcastration syndrome in patients with cervical cancer is evidently realized through the xenon-induced effect of brain rhythmogenesis restructuring, leading to the normalization of impaired cortical-subcortical relationships and the formation of positive psycho-emotional status. The therapeutic expediency of low-dose xenon therapy for oncogynecological patients is determined by a significant correction of the state of the CNS state and the early achievement of functional and social rehabilitation.
NEOADJUVANT FOR PATIENTS WITH HIGH AND VERY HIGH RISK PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Nosov A. , Reva Sergey , Berkut M. , Protsenko Svetlana , Arnautov A. , Zyatchin Ilya , Petrov Sergey
Published: November 2020

Objective: to assess safety, pathological response rate, and long-term oncologic outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using docetaxel in prostate cancer (PCa) patients of high and very high risk groups.
Materials and methods: 86 patients with high and very high risk PCa (PSA>20 ng/ml, Gleason score 8 and more, or clinical stage cT2c and more) were included, among them 46 received neoadjuvant (NCGT/RP group) treatment followed by RP and 40 patients received RP only. with a median follow-up of 11.4 years after RP. Neoadjuvant treatment included 3-weekly docetaxel (75 mg/m2 for up to 6 cycles) with concomitant degarelix (6 monthly injections). Results: NCGT cycle was started in 39 patients and completed in full dose and planned regimen in 34 (87.2%) patients. Toxicities were moderate. A statistically significant reduction of PSA>50% post-chemohormonal therapy was observed in all 39 cases. Among patients with completed neoadjuvant treatment RP was performed in 33 (97.1%) patients. Lower postoperative stage was noticed in 38.5% in NCGT/RP group compared with 2.7% in RP group. Similarly, positive surgical margin rate was higher in group without neoadjuvant therapy - 43.2% and 25.6% (RP group). Adjuvant or deferred treatment received 25 (67.6%) and 13 (39.4%) in RP and NCGT/RP group, respectively.
Conclusion: The use of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy before the RP in selected regimen and dose represents a safe strategy resulting in benefit in early oncological results. Given the limitations of the study this concept should be evaluated in large prospective controlled studies.
MODERN IDEAS ABOUT CLONAL EVOLUTION OF SARCOMAS
Authors: Avdonkina Natalya , Danilova Anna , Nekhaeva Tatyana , Baldueva Irina
Published: November 2020

The progress in drug treatment of sarcomas is incredibly slow: primary, it is hindered by often developing resistance of tumors to standard chemotherapy with drugs in the maximum tolerated dosages. The clonal evolution of the tumor mass generates a high genetic heterogeneity of cancer cells, which underlies resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The consequence of such chemoresistance is local distribution and dissemination of the process, which, in turn, significantly reduces the quality of life of the patient and increases the probability of an adverse outcome of the disease. The purpose of this article is to highlight the modern understanding of the clonal evolution of tumor cells and the effect of this process on the clinical prospects of cancer patients.
ONCOLOGICAL SAFETY OF RADICAL SUBCUTANEOUS/ SKIN-SPARING MASTECTOMIES WITH SIMULTANEOUS RECONSTRUCTION IN CANCER
Authors: Zikiryakhodzhaev Aziz , Rasskazova Yelena , Khakimova Shakhnoz
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes 472 patients diagnosed with breast cancer (breast cancer) who underwent radical subcutaneous/ skin-sparing mastectomy in combined or complex treatment. In the Department of Oncology and reconstructive plastic surgery of breast and skin mnioi them.P. A. Herzen radical skin-sparing mastectomy was performed in 255 (54.1 %) and radical subcutaneous mastectomy in 217 (45.9 %) patients. Reconstruction was carried out by autotissues, expander, followed by replacement with an endoprosthesis, as well as a combination of patches and endoprostheses. The mean age of patients was 43.8±2.2 (18-73) years. 11 (2,3±0,7 %) patients were diagnosed with relapse of breast cancer, while in 6 cases local and in 5 cases regional relapse (metastases in subclavian lymph nodes). Treatment of recurrences of breast cancer was as follows: in two cases, polychemotherapy courses were conducted, in 8 operations were performed - excision of relapse in the breast (3) and subclavian lymphadenectomy (2), removal of the reconstructed gland (3), in 1 case - radiation therapy. In 13 % recurrences of breast cancer were diagnosed at stage III OF breast cancer, the lowest percentage of relapse was 1.4 % at stage I. In luminal type A, recurrence of breast cancer was diagnosed in 1.8 %, in luminal B in 3.6 %, in triple negative type - 2.5 %, in luminal In Neg2 positive - 4.1 %. Metastases of breast cancer in our group of patients were diagnosed in 26 (5.5±1 %) patients. The highest percentage of long-term metastasis in our study revealed - 12.5 % at stage III, the lowest percentage of 3.4 at stage I breast cancer. 3-year overall survival of breast cancer patients in our group was 97.4 % (n=269).
BRAIN METASTASES AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: THE CHOICE OF THERAPY
Authors: Natrusova M. , Breder Valeriy , Dzhanyan Irina , Olisov Oleg , Novruzbekov Murad , Moroz Yekaterina , Murashova P. , Pitkevich M. , Laktionov Konstantin
Published: November 2020

Clinical cases of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after orthotopical liver transplantation (OLT) are presented. Predictors of brain metastases from HCC after OLT, the choice of post-transplantation therapy, brain CT after OLT for early metastatic detection are discussed. Increased overall survival rate due to the effective local approach (surgery and/or x-ray therapy) is also reported.
Informuoto paciento sutikimo principai
Authors: Serapinas Danielius
Published: November 2020

Gydytojo pareiga informuoti pacientą neatsiejama nuo pareigos gauti informuoto paciento sutikimą, būtiną bet kokioms medicininėms procedūroms ar intervencijoms pradėti. Pagrindiniai reikalavimai informuoto paciento sutikimui yra racionalumas, pakankama ir aiški informacija, laisva valia bei atitikimas teisės aktų numatytus formos reikalavimus. Gauti informuoto paciento sutikimą nėra absoliutus reikalavimas, nes pacientas turi teisę pareikšti norą nežinoti apie savo sveikatos būklę, gali susiklostyti ir tokios aplinkybės, kai gydytojas neturi galimybės informuoti paciento, o pacientas ar jo atstovas negali duoti sutikimo. Šio straipsnio pagrindiniai tikslai – apibrėžti informuoto paciento sutikimo doktriną ir reikalavimus, keliamus informuoto paciento sutikimui.
Miego hipoventiliacijos sindromas
Authors: Pilkauskaitė Guoda , Miliauskas Skaidrius
Published: November 2020

Miego hipoventiliacijos sindromas pasireiškia padidėjusiu anglies dvideginio kiekiu arteriniame kraujyje miegant ir dažnai yra lydimas kraujo įsotinimo deguonimi sumažėjimo. Dažniausi simptomai: rytiniai galvos skausmai, nepailsėjimas miegant, mieguistumas dieną. Ankstyva diagnostika ir efektyvus gydymas padeda išvengti sunkių komplikacijų.
Bilastino efektyvumas gydant alerginį rinokonjunktyvitą ir įvairios kilmės dilgėlinę
Authors: Žilinskaitė Laura
Published: November 2020

Pastaruoju metu labai padaugėjo alerginėmis ligomis sergančių žmonių, o alerginės kvėpavimo takų ligos jau tampa globaline problema. Viena iš dažniausių alerginių ligų – alerginis rinitas, jo paplitimas per pastarąjį dešimtmetį stiprios ekonomikos šalyse padidėjo dvigubai ir siekia 10–25 proc. Alerginis rinitas (AR) – tai alergenų sukeltas ir Ig E nulemtas dažniausiai lėtinis nosies gleivinės uždegimas, kuriam būdingi vienas ar keli požymiai: nosies užburkimas, rinorėja, čiaudulys, nosies niežulys. Kita varginanti ir sutrikdanti socialinį gyvenimą, darbą, miegą liga yra dilgėlinė. Dilgėlinė paplitusi visuose pasaulio kraštuose, ja serga įvairaus amžiaus žmonės. Rizika susirgti dilgėline per gyvenimą kiekvienam žmogui yra 1–5 proc. Didėjantis alerginių ligų paplitimas verčia mokslininkus ieškoti efektyvesnių, ne tik histamino, bet ir uždegimą slopinantį poveikį sukeliančių vaistų, kurie galėtų būti saugiai vartojami ilgą laiką. Bilastinas yra antros kartos antihistamininis vaistas (H1 receptorių blokatorius), neseniai patvirtintas 28 Europos Sąjungos šalyse simptomiškai gydyti alerginiam rinokonjunktyvitui ir dilgėlinei.
Darbo aplinkos veiksnių poveikio sveikatai ekspertizė pulmonologijoje
Authors: Raškevičienė Rita
Published: November 2020

Galimo etiologinio ar ligą skatinančio veiksnio (darbo, namų aplinkoje esančio rizikos veiksnio) išsiaiškinimas ir pašalinimas laiku sudaro sąlygas efektyvesniam gydymui ir gali užkirsti kelią tolesniam ligos progresavimui, lemiančiam ilgalaikį nedarbingumą, o ilgainiui ir neįgalumą. Yra tokių alerginių bei kvėpavimo takų ligų, kuriomis sergantis asmuo negali dirbti veikiamas cheminių veiksnių, pvz.: lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos, astma, lėtinis kvėpavimo nepakankamumas, viršutinių kvėpavimo takų atrofiniai pakitimai. Gydytojas, nustatęs alerginę ar lėtinę plaučių ligą ir įtaręs, kad ligos eigą gali bloginti paciento darbo sąlygos, turėtų siųsti jį darbo medicinos gydytojo konsultacijos.
Psichoneuroimunologijos reikšmė šiuolaikinei medicinai
Authors: Šukys Marius , Serapinas Danielius
Published: November 2020

Seniai žinoma, kad psichologiniai veiksniai gali daryti įtaką imuninei funkcijai, ši sąveika ilgą laiką nebuvo plačiai nagrinėta, ir patikimos literatūros apie tai atsirado visai neseniai. Žurnalas „Psychosomatic medicine“ yra puikus šaltinis norint atsekti, kaip vystėsi ir plėtėsi supratimas apie šią imuniteto moduliaciją bei kokios tyrimų tendencijos ateityje. Apžvelgus šio žurnalo straipsnius bei straipsnius, referuojamus MEDLINE duomenų bazėje, randama pakankamai duomenų, kad psichosocialinis stresas gali sąlygoti sveikatos pakitimus, ypač susijusius su infekcinėmis ligomis ir traumų, žaizdų gijimu. Uždegimo citokinų gamyba gali būti skatinama neigiamų emocijų, streso, lėtinių ligų.
Time for a paradigm shift in school education?
Authors: Masters Geoff
Published: November 2020

The thesis of this essay is that the current schooling paradigm is in need of review and that the answer may lie in a shift in how we think about teaching and learning. Under the prevailing paradigm, the role of teachers is to deliver the year-level curriculum to all students in a year level. This mismatch has unfortunate consequences for both teaching and learning. Currently, many students are not ready for their year-level curriculum because they lack prerequisite knowledge, skills and understandings. The basis for an alternative paradigm and a 'new normal' is presented. The essay addresses concerns raised about changes to curriculum, including that: changing the structure of the curriculum will mean abandoning year levels; teachers will be unable to manage classrooms in which students are not all working on the same content at the same time; some students will be disadvantaged if students are not all taught the same content at the same time; a restructured curriculum will result in ‘streaming’ and/or require the development of individual learning plans; a restructured curriculum will lower educational standards; and it will not be possible to do this in some subjects.
Late Pleistocene (Eemian) mollusk and small mammal fauna from Mikhailovka-5 (Kursk oblast, Central Russia)
Authors: Agadjanian Alexander K. , Kondrashov Peter
Published: November 2020

The locality Mikhailovka-5 is situated in the northern part of the Mikhailovka quarry in the northwest of the Kursk Oblast in central Russia. A rich mollusk fauna was collected along with small mammal remains from this lacustrine deposit located between Likhvinian (= Holsteinian) fossil soils and Valdayian (= Weichselian) periglacial deposits. The small mammal fauna is diverse, and includes numerous rodents, e.g., such indicative taxa as Arvicola ex gr. sapidus and Microtus ex gr. agrestis, a significant number of Clethrionomys glareolus and various insectivores. This assemblage closely corresponds to other Mikulino (= Eemian) faunas from the Russian Plain. The mollusk fauna includes a large number of terrestrial species, some of which have currently a more southern and western distribution. Both the molluskan and mammal faunas from Mikhailovka-5 indicate temperate climatic conditions, as evidenced by the diversity of insectivores, particularly the moles. Abundant remains of rodents of the genera Clethrionomys, Apodemus, and Microtus (Terricola) and of mollusks such as Acme, Macrogastra, Ruthenica, Punctum, and Acanthinula indicate the presence of extensive woodlands of mixed or broadleaf type, which were typical for this latitude during the Eemian interglacial. The palaeontological data provided in this paper, confirm that Mikhailovka-5 belongs to the Mikulino interglacial, as previously suggested by pedological arguments.
Lagomorphs (Mammalia) from the early Pliocene of Dorkovo, Bulgaria
Authors: Sen Sevket
Published: November 2020

The vertebrate locality of Dorkovo yielded a rich mammalian assemblage of which some large mammals have been studied, but not smaller mammals. The previous investigations correlated this fauna to the early Pliocene (early Ruscinian, MN 14). The present paper describes lagomorph remains which consist of one fragment of mandible and 106 isolated teeth. Four species are identified: Ochotona cf. antiqua, Prolagus sorbinii, Alilepus spassovi n. sp. and Trischizolagus crusafonti. The new species is characterised by the derived pattern of its p3 which has trigonid more stretched, enamel infolding stronger than in any other species of Alilepus, and the p3 lacks anteroflexid. The presence of four species of lagomorphs at Dorkovo is in agreement with the diversity dynamics of lagomorphs toward the end of late Miocene and during the early Pliocene in Eurasia, and in particular in Eastern Europe. The time range of the Dorkovo lagomorphs encompasses the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, and this is in agreement with the previous age assignments, i.e., earliest Pliocene, or early part of MN 14 mammalian zone.
Mechanism of implementation of investment and innovation technologies in the agricultural sphere of Ukraine
Authors: MYKHAILOV Andrii , PIZNIAK Dmytro
Published: November 2020

Introduction. In the conditions of continuous development of investment and innovative technologies the necessary requirement for the further successful and productive development of an agro-industrial complex is updating of technics, technologies, management methods, the organization of production.
The purpose of the paper is to study the innovative development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine and to develop a mechanism for implementing investment and innovation technologies.
Results. The implementation of the mechanism of introduction of investment and innovation technologies in the agricultural sector should become an effective means of ensuring innovative development in all parts of the technological chain of agricultural production.
The main task of the mechanism is primarily to ensure the coherent development of all its components – agricultural enterprises on the basis of deepening agro-industrial integration and involvement in the production of the latest advances in science and technology.
Thus, the mechanism of introduction of investment and innovation technologies in the agricultural sector should ensure the implementation of a number of tasks:
– stimulating scientific developments aimed at creating new technologies and agricultural products;
– effective transfer of scientific achievements, knowledge and results of scientific developments into production;
– financing of investment and innovation projects on acceptable terms for agricultural enterprises;
– fair distribution of results of investment and innovation projects;
– deepening agro-industrial integration;
– development, examination and support of investment and innovation programs and projects;
– education, training and retraining;
– formation of investment and innovative way of thinking;
– participation of the state and regional authorities in investment and innovation activities of agro-industrial enterprises.
Conclusions. Thus, the need to implement the mechanism of investment and innovation technologies in the agricultural sector will create a favorable environment for innovation, bring the agricultural sector of Ukraine to the world level, will ensure the receipt of competitive agricultural products.