bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo dual-plane 3-photon microscopy: spanning the depth of the mouse neocortex
Authors: Cloves Matilda , Margrie Troy W.
Published: November 2024

Cortical computations arise from patterns of neuronal activity that span across all cortical layers and cell types. Three-photon excitation has extended the depth limit of in vivo imaging within the mouse brain to encompass all cortical layers. However, simultaneous three-photon imaging throughout cortical layers has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we combine non-unity magnification remote focusing with adaptive optics to achieve single-cell resolution imaging from two temporally multiplexed planes separated by up to 600 µm. This approach enables the simultaneous acquisition of neuronal activity from genetically defined cell types in any pair of cortical layers across the mouse neocortical column.
Optical diffraction tomography using a self-reference module
Authors: Tang Zhengyuan , Winnik Julianna , Hennelly Bryan M.
Published: November 2024

Optical diffraction tomography enables label-free, 3D refractive index (RI) imaging of biological samples. We present a novel, cost-effective approach to ODT that employs a modular design incorporating a self-reference holographic capture module. This two-part system consists of an illumination module and a capture module that can be seamlessly integrated with any life-science microscope using an automated alignment protocol. The illumination module employs a galvo-scanner system, providing precise control over the angular illumination, while the capture module utilises the principle of self-reference off-axis holography. The design has a compact form factor, simple alignment, and reduced cost. Furthermore, our system offers the capability to switch between two imaging modalities, ODT and real-time synthetic aperture digital holographic microscopy (SA-DHM), a unique feature not found in other setups. Experimental results are provided using a kidney cancer cell line. Experimental results are provided using a kidney cancer cell line.
Fast implementation of controlled-π phase gates and preparation of cluster states with Rydberg superatoms
Authors: Liu Y. , Li W. , Wang J. P. , Zhao R. B. , Ji Y. Q.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose a scheme for rapidly implementing a controlled-π phase gate by combining the Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant and quantum Zeno dynamics. We demonstrate the adiabatic shortcut by using Rydberg superatoms in distant-atom–cavity systems. Furthermore, we utilize the controlled-π phase gate to achieve the preparation of N-particle cluster states. Additionally, the impact of decoherence and operational imperfections is discussed. Numerical simulation demonstrates that the proposed scheme has high fidelities and robustness against both cavity leakage and atomic spontaneous emission.
Pure rotational Raman lidar for accurate profiling of atmospheric temperature and aerosol/cloud backscatter coefficients
Authors: Yi Fan , Yu Changming , Zhang Yunpeng , Liu Fuchao , Yi Yang , He Yun , Yin Zhenping , Zhou Jun
Published: November 2024

We have created a pure rotational Raman (PRR) lidar for round-the-clock and large-height-range quantitatively-physical measurements of atmospheric temperature profiles. A seeded frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser is utilized as the light source. It has a typical power of ∼18 W and a pulse repetition rate of 30 Hz. The lidar uses a 0.3-m-diameter receiver and a 1.0-m-diameter receiver together. Each receiver contains a state-of-the-art three-channel polychromator that extracts respectively two individual Stokes N2 PRR lines with rotational quantum numbers J = 4 and 14, as well as a Rayleigh/Mie backscatter signal. The temperature profiles are derived from the strict analytical expression of temperature in terms of the ratio of the two PRR line signals without calibration. Furthermore, a strict analytical expression has been established to derive the aerosol/cloud backscatter coefficient profiles without assumptions on the lidar ratio. The lidar provides a rigorous and effective methodology for accurate profile measurements of the atmospheric temperature and optical properties of aerosol/cloud. Observational examples and statistics obtained at a subtropical site have demonstrated the high measurement accuracies, large measurement altitude range, good range/time resolution, and unprecedented daytime measurement capability of this single-line-extracted PRR lidar.
Precise beam control in optical phased arrays using the four steps rotating element electric field vector method
Authors: Wang Zihao , Xu Jiamu , Jin Li , Qiu Ke , Liu Yabo , Liao Jiali , Sun Yanling , Xu Huailiang
Published: November 2024

The integrated optical phase arrays (OPAs) possess the capability for rapid modulation and precise control of output beam deflection, making it widely applicable in fields such as three-dimensional terrain reconstruction, autonomous driving, and holographic imaging. However, the unknown initial phase introduced during the manufacturing and packaging processes of current OPAs results in low beam alignment quality and random output beam phases, significantly limiting the development and application of OPAs. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a precise control technology for OPA output beams, utilizing a beam calibration method we have developed, known as the Four Steps Rotating Element Electric Field Vector Method. This method enables rapid and accurate calibration, achieving precise phase control for each antenna on the OPA chip by calibrating the phase shift and controlling the voltage relationship. It overcomes the challenges of unknown phase distributions common in passive calibration methods, aligning the calibrated phase distribution more closely with theoretical expectations. The proposed method further enhances control over the OPA output beam. Based on this technology, we constructed an experimental platform to achieve a main lobe with a PSLR of 15.98 dB and successfully generated vortex beams using a 4×4 OPA. This innovation not only addresses the initial phase issues caused by manufacturing errors but also significantly enhances the precise control of OPA phases, expanding its applications in LiDAR systems.
Enhanced corner sharpness in DMD-based scanning maskless lithography using optical proximity correction and genetic algorithm
Authors: Weng Chao-Li , Wu Chun-Ying , Lee Yung-Chun
Published: November 2024

An optical proximity correction (OPC) method is proposed to enhance the UV patterning quality in a DMD-based scanning-type maskless lithography system with an oblique scanning and step-strobe lighting (OS3 L) scheme. The system setup, software programming, and image processing procedures are detailed. A simulation model is also introduced to predict the patterning results for a given DMD mask. Utilizing this model, a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to optimize the mask pattern for OPC. The GA-OPC method reduces the corner-rounding effect in metal patterns fabricated using digital maskless lithography and metal lift-off processes. Optical images of the metal patterns show that the proposed GA-OPC method effectively mitigates the corner-rounding effect and improves the patterning fidelity. The work presented in this study lays the foundation for further enhancing the patterning capabilities and quality of DMD-based maskless lithography.
Identification method of atmospheric non-spherical aerosol based on vortex light scattering
Authors: Sun Zeping , Wang Yufeng , Ren Yali , Wang Ning , Song Yuehui , Di Huige , Liu Jingjing , Hua Dengxin
Published: November 2024

Vortex laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have extensive research value and application prospects in the fields of optical communication, particle micromanipulation, and high-precision measurement. In this study, the scattering and polarization characteristics of vortex beams interacting with non-spherical particles are explored, and multiple polarization parameters are obtained and used as indicators to realize the identification of different shapes and different types of non-spherical aerosol particles, which are different from the currently used P11 index under plane wave incidence. First, taking the ellipsoid and cylinder shapes of carbonaceous aerosols as an example, the scattering matrix is numerically simulated based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method, and the variation curves of individual polarization characteristics elements with scattering angle are obtained under vortex beams with different topological charges L. The results showed that, at the scattering angles of 0°, 90°, and 180°, multiple polarization parameters related to particle shape have been discovered, and the values of P33 / P11, P34 / P11, and P44 / P11 under L = 0, 2, and 3 are opposite, and most of the absolute deviation were valued > 0.8 for the two shapes in the direction of 90° scattering angle. Furthermore, the polarization characteristics of dust and black carbon (BC) are investigated under different vortex beams. Several indicators related to aerosols were also found, and at the scattering angle of 180°, the polarization parameters P22 / P11, P34 / P11, and P44 / P11, can effectively identify the dust and BC aerosol particles under the topological charge L = 3. This study will provide an important theoretical basis for the development and application of vortex light lidar in the atmospheric field, and has great potential and application prospects in aerosol identification, classification, and climate numerical simulation.
Silicon nitride grating coupler with suppressed waveguide backreflection and adaptive grate design
Authors: Ghannam Ibrahim , Merget Florian , Witzens Jeremy
Published: November 2024

We present both experimental and simulation results for a fully etched, C-band GC fabricated in an 800 nm silicon nitride platform that significantly reduces backreflections. They are minimized by truncating the initial grates, which deflect reflected light at an oblique angle and excite higher-order modes in the tapered waveguide that is filtered out. Insertion losses resulting from this modification of the grating coupler are mitigated by an adaptive redesign of the grates that corrects incurred errors in the generated phase front. While 2.4 dB of excess insertion losses is first introduced by the grate truncation, reshaping of the grates into ellipses of varying eccentricities reduces the excess losses to less than 1 dB. At the same time, the suppression of the waveguide-to-waveguide backreflection by 10 dB relative to a baseline device without the grate truncation is maintained. This demonstrates improved backreflection with a minimal cost in coupling efficiency and without an increase in the complexity of the fabrication process. Experimentally, insertion losses of −8.8 dB are achieved with a 3 dB passband of 65 nm and less than −25 dB waveguide-to-waveguide backreflections. Simulations show that with the over- and under-cladding thicknesses of a previous fabrication run, this passband and backreflection level can be achieved with −6.4 dB insertion losses.
Dual-angle light scattering spectroscopy for calibration-free measurements of scatterer suspensions
Authors: Zhang Xuejun , Upputuri Paul K. , Coughlan Mark F. , Kemble David J. , Khan Umar , Zakharov Yuri N. , Zhang Lei , Perelman Lev T , Qiu Le
Published: November 2024

It can be difficult to employ optical techniques for analyzing biological structures smaller than or comparable to the wavelength of light, such as extracellular vesicles or some types of bacteria. Biological light scattering spectroscopy (LSS), developed to address this problem, has been successfully used for characterizing tissue on cellular and subcellular scales. At the same time, calibration with a reference sample of known optical properties can complicate LSS measurements. In this Letter, we present dual-angle LSS (daLSS), which is designed for calibration-free measurements of scatterer suspensions. It employs measurements of a sample at two distinct angles, which then allows system effects to be removed entirely. Not only does daLSS simplify and speed up the measurement procedure, but it also makes spectra more reproducible, an important feature for diagnostic techniques. We validated the technique by accurately reconstructing the sizes of polystyrene microspheres with diameters less than 100 nm and then demonstrated that not only are the daLSS spectra of several common bacteria strains easily distinguishable but they are also highly reproducible.
Large field-of-view Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on a high-density lens transfer function retrieval
Authors: Wu Siqi , He Qiaozhi , Zhou Jichong , Liu Shuxin , Liu Huazhen , Yang Jiamiao
Published: November 2024

The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) is known for its high accuracy and robust wavefront sensing capabilities. However, conventional compact SHWS confronts limitations in measuring field-of-view to meet emerging applications’ increasing demands. Here, we propose a high-density lens transfer function retrieval (HDLTR)-based SHWS to expand its field-of-view. In HDLTR-SHWS, an additional lens is introduced into the measurement system, which converges input wavefront with large aperture onto detectable aperture of sensor. A densely sampling set of phase delays is first employed to retrieve the transfer function of the lens and to isolate lens distortion, which is used to accurately demodulate convergent wavefronts and reconstruct incident wavefronts. We also utilize a global spot matching method to reconstruct the converged wavefront with a large dynamic range. Our experimental results demonstrate that the HDLTR-SHWS expands the field-of-view of SHWS by a factor of 24.9 and achieves an accuracy of less than λ/80.
Highly conductive broadband transparent DMSO-doped PEDOT: PSS electrodes
Authors: Che Xingkai , Wang Yu , Tan Peng , Li Li , Liu Chenxiang , Li Zhenghao , Fu Boyang , Li Xingji , Tian Hao
Published: November 2024

The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) is considered as a flexible electrode material that can replace traditional electrodes. However, its performance optimization, practical application, and related research are primarily focused on a single band. In this study, we designed and prepared a broadband transparent electrode with a conductivity of up to 1300 S cm−1 based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-doped PEDOT: PSS. The as-fabricated PEDOT: PSS electrode achieved high transmittance in a wide range from a visible to terahertz band. The physical mechanism of its high conductivity and broadband transparency is studied by using a first-principle calculation. Furthermore, the transparent electrode exhibited excellent stability after 100,000 cycles of electrical cycling and 200°C of heating. Based on the transparent electrode, we fabricated a liquid crystal phase shifter with an extended operating range, showing its efficient driving performance as an electrode. The characterization and optimization of the properties of PEDOT: PSS in this work provide guidance for the application of PEDOT: PSS in broadband optical devices.
High transparent conductive Mg, Al, and Ga co-doped ZnO multilayer thin films with Cu interlayer: fabrication, structure, and characteristics
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Duoyin , Wang Boyun
Published: November 2024

Overcoming the challenge of preparing high-transparency and low-resistivity thin films is of great significance for the development of indium-free transparent electrodes. In the present work, high-quality Mg, Al, and Ga co-doped ZnO (MAGZO)/Cu/MAGZO multilayer thin films are deposited on glass by magnetron sputtering. The effects of Cu layer thickness (dCu) on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of the films are investigated in detail. With increasing dCu from 0 to 25 nm, the growth orientation of (002) ZnO crystal weakens, while that of (111) Cu crystal strengthens, and the surface of the films exhibits uniform, low roughness, and defect-free characteristics. Additionally, both the resistivity and the optical transmittance generally decrease with increasing Cu layer thickness. Interestingly, the average visible transmittance has a reverse change as dCu increases from 5 to 11 nm, resulting in the optimal photoelectric performance of the multilayers at dCu = 11 nm: the figure of merit of 9.42 × 10−3 Ω-1 with the resistivity of 1.24 × 10−4 Ω cm and the visible transmittance of 84.2%. Compared with other reported sandwich transparent conductive films, it is found that doping Mg in the oxide layer is the key to improving the overall optoelectronic properties of the multilayers.
Highly secure OFDM scheme based on multi-level masking and performance-enhanced key accompanying transmission
Authors: Yin Mengtong , Liu Bo , Ren Jianxin , Mao Yaya , Chen Shuaidong , Song Xiumin , Wu Xiangyu , Li Ying , Zhao Lilong , Zhu Dongxu
Published: November 2024

In this Letter, we propose a highly secure OFDM scheme based on multi-level masking and performance-enhanced key-accompanying transmission. Our scheme exploits a four-dimensional hyperchaotic model and uses subcarriers and symbols to scramble the signal, thereby achieving chaotic encryption and enhancing system security. The dual-mode index technique is employed to conceal the key within the encrypted signal, enabling cooperative transmission of both the key and the signal. We conducted experiments that successfully transmitted a 28 Gb/s dual-mode QPSK (DM-QPSK) signal and a 42 Gb/s dual-mode 8QAM (DM-8QAM) signal over a 2-km stretch of 7-core fiber. The results demonstrated that our proposed key-accompanying transmission scheme did not compromise the system's transmission performance. Moreover, the key space of this scheme is as large as 10135, effectively ensuring system security. Under the received optical power corresponding to the bit error rate of 3.8 × 10−3, the minimum number of key repetitions in DM-8QAM that makes the key bit error rate zero is less than 9 times. This demonstrates that our proposed scheme effectively enhances the transmission performance of the key, achieving high-quality joint transmission of both the key and the signal.
High-performance room temperature 2.75  µm cutoff In0.22Ga0.78As0.19Sb0.81/Al0.9Ga0.1As0.08Sb0.92 avalanche photodiode
Authors: Jin Xiao , Zhao Shouwei , Craig Adam P. , Tian Qingyu , Gilder Lindsay , Yi Xin , Carmichael M. , Golding T. , Tan Chee Hing , Marshall Andrew R. J. , David John P. R.
Published: November 2024

Extended shortwave infrared (eSWIR) detectors capable of detecting wavelengths between 1.7 and 2.7 µm are useful for a wide range of applications, such as remote sensing and monitoring, but most of these detectors require cooling to reduce the dark currents. Identifying a suitable material that extends the wavelength range to well beyond 2 µm with minimal cooling is therefore important. The overall sensitivity of such a detector can be enhanced by using it in conjunction with a wide bandgap multiplication region which can increase the photocurrent via impact ionization. In this work, a systematic study of avalanche multiplication in seven Al0.9Ga0.1As0.08Sb0.92 diodes lattice matched to GaSb shows that the electron impact ionization coefficient (α) is larger than the hole impact ionization coefficient (β), especially at low electric fields. Using In0.22Ga0.78As0.19Sb0.89 (bandgap=0.45eV) as the absorber and Al0.9Ga0.1As0.08Sb0.92 (bandgap=1.6eV) as the multiplier in a separate absorption, charge, and multiplication region avalanche photodiode configuration enabled room temperature optical detection up to 2.75 µm with a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >50% at the punch-through voltage (Vpt) ∼2µm wavelength. This device demonstrates a low excess noise of F=4.5 at a multiplication of M=20, giving rise to a noise equivalent power for an unoptimized device of 1.69×10−12W/Hz. A maximum multiplied EQE of >2000% at 2 µm is achieved before a low breakdown voltage of 18.9 V, obtained using a novel undepleted absorber design. This work shows the possibility of a high sensitivity eSWIR detector capable of operating at room temperature.
The Video Manipulation Effect (VME): A quantification of the possible impact that the ordering of YouTube videos might have on opinions and voting preferences
Authors: Epstein Robert , Flores Alex
Published: November 2024

Recent research has identified a number of powerful new forms of influence that the internet and related technologies have made possible. Randomized, controlled experiments have shown, for example, that when results generated by search engines are presented to undecided voters, if those search results favor one political candidate over another, the opinions and voting preferences of those voters can shift dramatically–by up to 80% in some demographic groups. The present study employed a YouTube simulator to identify and quantify another powerful form of influence that the internet has made possible, which we have labeled the Video Manipulation Effect (VME). In two randomized, controlled, counterbalanced, double-blind experiments with a total of 1,463 politically-diverse, eligible US voters, we show that when a sequence of videos displayed by the simulator is biased to favor one political candidate, and especially when the “up-next” video suggested by the simulator favors that candidate, both the opinions and voting preferences of undecided voters shift dramatically toward that candidate. Voting preferences shifted by between 51.5% and 65.6% overall, and by more than 75% in some demographic groups. We also tested a method for masking the bias in video sequences so that awareness of bias was greatly reduced. In 2018, a YouTube official revealed that 70% of the time people spend watching videos on the site, they are watching content that has been suggested by the company’s recommender algorithms. If the findings in the present study largely apply to YouTube, this popular video platform might have unprecedented power to impact thinking and behavior worldwide.
Growing dominance and soft power enhancement: Exploring Chinese cities’ continual efforts to promote international sports events from a city network perspective
Authors: Ou Yubin , Huang Gengzhi , Xu Yixiao , Xie Anan , Xue Desheng
Published: November 2024

While studies on World City Networks (WCNs) based on International Sports Events (ISEs) have revealed a nonwesternization evolutionary trend, few studies have focused on high-level ISEs’ long-term spillover effects on promoting nonwestern host countries. This paper aims to fill these gaps by exploring the external connections of Chinese cities in each Olympic Games since 2008 deploying social network analysis and community detection methods. The results show that gateway events, such as the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, rather than gateway cities, play essential roles in promoting Chinese cities’ status in sports diffusion. Specifically, after the successful hosting of Olympic games, international sports federations (ISFs) witnessed Chinese cities’ ability to organize ISEs; consequently, ISFs would try to select Chinese host cities considering China’s rapid development and the relatively lower popularity of certain sports domestically. Additionally, as ISEs offer significant opportunities for city marketing, many Chinese cities have incorporated hosting ISEs as important urban development strategies. The promotion of the "events globalization" strategy by ISFs and the attraction measures taken by Chinese city governments for ISEs have ultimately led to a continuous increase in the number of Chinese cities and their direct external connections in ISE-based WCNs. This finding fully reveals the long-term spillover effect of high-level ISEs on promoting cities in nonwestern host countries. This further indicates that the nonwesternization trend in ISE-based WCNs may be because an increasing number of high-level ISEs, such as the Olympics and the World Cups, were held in nonwestern countries.
Individual phenotypic variability in the behaviour of an aggregative riverine fish is structured along a reactive-proactive axis
Authors: Amat-Trigo Fatima , Andreou Demetra , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Britton J. Robert
Published: November 2024

High phenotypic diversity should provide populations with resilience to environmental change by increasing their capacity to respond to changing conditions. The aim of this study was to identify whether there is consistency in individual behaviours on a reactive-proactive axis in European barbel Barbus barbus ("barbel"), a riverine and aggregatory fish that expresses individual differences in its behaviours in nature. This was tested using three sequential experiments in ex-situ conditions that required individuals to leave a shelter and then explore new habitats (‘open-field test’), respond to social stimuli (‘mirror-image stimulation test’) and forage (‘foraging behaviour test’; assessing exploratory traits). Each suite of experiments was replicated three times per individual (46 hours minimum time between replicates). There was high variability in behaviours both within and among individuals. The most repeatable behaviours were latency to exit the shelter, active time in the shelter, and the number of food items consumed. Principal component scores did, however, indicate a range of consistent behavioural phenotypes across the individuals, distributing them along a reactive-proactive axis in which most of individuals were more reactive phenotypes (shyer, less exploratory, less social). These results suggest that within controlled conditions, there is considerable phenotypic diversity among individuals in their behaviours, suggesting their populations will have some adaptive capacity to environmental change.
Constant light and high fat diet alter daily patterns of activity, feed intake and fecal corticosterone levels in pregnant and lactating female ICR mice
Authors: Reis Leriana Garcia , Teeple Kelsey , Schoonmaker Jenna Lynn , Davis Corrin , Scinto Sara , Schinckel Allan , Casey Theresa
Published: November 2024

The prevalence of constant light exposure and high-fat diet in modern society raises concerns regarding their impact on maternal and offspring health outcomes. In rodents, exposure to maternal high-fat diet or continuous light negatively program metabolic and stress response outcomes of offspring. A 2x3 factorial study was conducted to investigate the impact of diet (control–CON, 10% fat, or high fat–HF, 60% fat) and exposure to different lighting conditions: regular 12-hour light-dark cycles (LD), continuous dim light (L5), or continuous bright light (L100) on female ICR mice daily patterns of time in and out of the nest, feed intake, and fecal corticosterone levels during gestation and lactation. Our previous analysis of these mice found HF diet decreased number of pups born, but increased litter growth rate to postnatal (PN) d12. Whereas continuous light increased gestation length and tended to increase PN litter growth. Here we report that patterns of grams of feed intake, an indicator of feeding activity, were affected by light, diet, period of the day (day versus night) and physiological state (gestation and lactation), with significant interactions among all these variables (P<0.05). HF diet and light treatment increased fecal corticosterone output (P<0.05) during lactation. Dams exhibited significant 12 h and 24 h rhythms of activity out of the nest in the first 48 h postnatal, with time outside of the nest greater in the second 24 h period. L100 treatment and HF diet attenuated rhythms and shifted phase of rhythms relative to LD and CON, respectively (P<0.05). Alterations in behavior affect maternal physiology, including level and timing of release of corticosteroids. Elevated fecal corticosterone levels due to high-fat diet and continuous light may have potential implications on maternal-offspring health, and potentially underlie some of the adverse effects of modern lifestyle factors on maternal and offspring health.
“The children of the Sun and Moon are the gardens”—How people, plants, and a living Sun shape life on Tanna, Vanuatu
Authors: Balick Michael J. , Ramík Dominik M. , Ramík Nadine , Nemisa Kumas Iahwa Kausas , Plunkett Gregory M , Kelso Neal , Dovo Presley , Harrison K. David
Published: November 2024

Based on original ethnographic and ethnobotanical research, we share how in the cosmology of Tanna, an island in Vanuatu’s southernmost province of Tafea, the Sun is viewed as a living, interactive being. Our initial interviews explored knowledge and beliefs concerning individual plant species, then subsequent follow-up interviews further explored topics that emerged therefrom. The results of these interviews are a series of oral narratives of the mytho-historical past involving the Sun, and the description of contemporary practices which are influenced by the Sun. In traditional narratives, the Sun is both a creative and destructive force which is sometimes viewed as an active, personified character, and in other circumstances appears as an instrument created and utilized by greater powers. People from Tanna recount—and we adopt as a hypothesis—that the Sun’s physical manifestation and role in the world has changed since the earliest days of its mythological creation, and that it remains an active player in Tanna’s biocultural landscape within practices including time-reckoning, agriculture, and architecture. Through its relationships with humans and non-humans alike, the Sun ultimately shapes the cultural practices and even the landscape of Tanna. The nature of these relationships is changing as linguistic and cultural practices shift alongside people’s relationship with the land, but the Sun remains a critical factor in lives and livelihoods of Tanna today.
Optimising load transfer using temporary supports in monolithic construction
Authors: Švolík Milan , Makýš Peter , Šťastný Patrik , Ďubek Marek
Published: November 2024

When constructing a ceiling slab, it is essential that the load is effectively transferred to the lower floors. However, challenges arise when the lower ceiling slabs do not meet the specified design strengths, potentially indicating inadequate load bearing capacity. This article explores a novel approach to solving this problem by using supports that are not traditionally used for slab formwork, but rather as backpropping mechanisms. These supports serve as static reinforcements for the ceiling slabs, optimising the load distribution. This article delves into the distinctive features of these supports and evaluates their potential impact on the overall structural integrity of the implemented design.
The application of 3D printing technology in the design of sandwich panels
Authors: Uher Ondřej , Král Michal , Cabrnoch Bohuslav , Kruml Josef
Published: November 2024

Composite materials including sandwich panels can offer a number of advantages such as excellent strength to mass ratio or stiffness to mass ratio. Sandwich panels can find their application in many industrial sectors where the mass and mechanical properties are critical. Despite these and many other advantages, the use of sandwich panels is associated with many problems, which stem from their structural composition (weak core with high shear stiffness connecting two skins with high in plane stiffness). This composition can cause problems in joining the sandwich panels to each other and to other parts by means of mechanical joints. To solve these problems, there exist many accessories such as inserts. The main objective of this paper is to present the development, manufacturing, and testing of plastic inserts for sandwich panels made by Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printing technology.
Análisis de un índice de estilo de vida saludable y el riesgo cardiovascular en personal de dos unidades académicas de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, en 2023
Authors: Berta Eugenia Emilia , Suarez María Sol , Corti Iara Magalí , Manni Diego Carlos , Martinelli Marcela Inés
Published: November 2024

El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la relación entre el estilo de vida y el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en trabajadores universitarios de la UNL. Se utilizó un diseño observacional y transversal con una muestra de 225 personas de 40 a 75 años. Los participantes completaron cuestionarios sobre hábitos de vida y se midieron variables antropométricas y de salud. Se calculó un Índice de Estilo de Vida (IEV) basado en siete conductas saludables y el RCV a 10 años utilizando la aplicación Cardio Calc de la OMS. La edad media de los participantes fue 50,7±7,8 años, siendo el 64% mujeres. El 67% realizaban tareas docentes, 22% actividades administrativas y 11% tareas de mantenimiento. Se observó mayor proporción de hombres en las categorías de RCV alto y muy alto en comparación con las mujeres. Entre los hombres se detectó mayor prevalencia de Hipertensión Arterial (52,5%), exceso de peso (78,7%) y obesidad abdominal (59%). En relación con hábitos de estilo de vida, se observó: duración del sueño inferior a la recomendada, escasa actividad física, principalmente en las mujeres, bajo consumo de frutas y verduras, y agregado de sal a las comidas luego de la cocción. Solo el 19,6% de los participantes presentaron un estilo de vida saludable, sin diferencias según sexo entre las distintas categorías del IEV. Si bien no se encontró una asociación significativa entre el RCV y el estilo de vida, la información obtenida permitirá diseñar estrategias específicas de promoción de la salud en el ámbito universitario.
Neoplasias malignas primarias múltiples sincrónicas: linfoma Hodgkin y adenocarcinoma de recto. Informe de caso.
Authors: Amato Ana Paula , Audicio Agostina , Castro Maximiliano , Sadonio María José
Published: November 2024

Las neoplasias malignas primarias múltiples (NMPM) constituyen una situación en la cual dos o más cánceres primarios se manifiestan en un mismo individuo. Se denominan sincrónicas a aquellas que se descubren simultáneamente o con menos de 6 meses de diferencia. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de un individuo masculino de 54 años en el cual se halla una masa palpable al tacto rectal e infiltrados peritoneales por tomografía. Mediante la biopsia de dicha masa y de los infiltrados peritoneales, se arribó al diagnóstico de un adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado y de un linfoma Hodgkin, respectivamente. Se trata de una asociación poco descripta en la literatura en virtud de su baja frecuencia.
Lean Green Tendency
Authors: Silva Cláudia Sousa e , Azevedo Sara , Fonseca Maria
Published: November 2024

Lean philosophy and Green practices have been identified as management approaches that allow organizations to reach better economic and environmental results. Nevertheless, some authors argue that results can be enhanced with the integration of the Lean and Green practices. This synchronous effort has led to the developing a new Lean philosophy branch, the Lean Green.
Goal: This work aims to deepen the Lean Green state of the art, as well as to understand how companies have adopted it.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The methodology was supported by a systematic literature review following three steps: Planning, data collection, data analysis throughout content analysis.
Results: The results showed that Lean Green is still an emerging theme in scientific research, with an increasing trend of publications worldwide in the last six years, adopting distinctive research strategies. Companies' main motivations and barriers to adopting Lean Green were also identified. Finally, were identified the key factors that could help organizations to adopt Lean Green, namely critical implementation factors, facilitator models and tools, and the main results and advantages obtained.
Limitations of the investigation: The main work´s limitation is that it was considered only the Scopus database.
Practical implications: Help companies find solutions that enhance their performance and competitiveness, reduce their environmental impact, and improve their social responsibility.
Originality/Value: The originality of this work is defended by crossing the results at the academic and practical levels. This allows the usefulness of academic research results by bringing them into a practical organizational context.
Effectiveness of Adding Strengthening Lower Extremity Exercise on Gait Speed of Hajj Pilgrims Who Receive Walking Aerobic Exercises
Authors: Putri Rahmi Isma Asmara , Permata Dian , Munawaroh Naela
Published: November 2024

Background: In the Hajj pilgrimage, the daily activities of Hajj Pilgrims also require good walking skills. Walking is the most common physical activities. Individuals with limited mobility have been found to have greater energy costs related to daily life tasks. Resistance training is a type of exercise that can increase muscular speed, power, strength, hypertrophy, and coordination. The decreased muscle strength leads to decrease in walking ability. Objective: Researchers want to compare that adding strengthening lower extremity exercise can improve the gait speed on Hajj Pilgrims more than control group who receive walking aerobic exercise only. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was used for this research. There were 36 participants divided into an 18-person intervention group and an 18-person control group. The groups received walking aerobic exercises five times a week and the intervention group were added strengthening lower extremity exercise twice a week. A 4-meter gait speed test was used to evaluate gait speed both pre- and post- a six-week course of intervention. Results: After six weeks, there was a significant increase in gait speed in both the intervention group (p=0.000) and the control group (p=0.000). There’s no significant difference between the interventions of each group (0.86 ± 0.58) compared to the control group. (0.87 ± 0.66) (p=0.968). Conclusion: Walking aerobic exercise and adding strengthening lower extremity exercise can increase gait speed significantly. However, walking aerobic exercise with or without strengthening lower extremity exercise addition there is an increase in gait speed.
The Association Between Hypertension and Stroke in PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital
Authors: Prawesti Intan Dyah , Selohandono Andrianto , Tejosukmono Ario , Sukirto Novi Wijayanti , Putri Rachma Greta Perdana
Published: November 2024

Background: Stroke is a non-communicable disease whose annual incidence or prevalence continues to increase, with one of the causes being hypertension. Hypertension is a condition of increased blood pressure, if not controlled, can lead to complications. The incidence of stroke in Sleman Regency reaches 10,4% and the incidence of hypertension in Sleman Regency reaches 23,7%.Objective: This research aims to determine the relationship between patients who have hypertension with the occurrence of stroke.Methods: This research is a quantitative analytic study using a cross-sectional design. The population is all stroke patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital, with a sample of 99 patients and the data collection technique used is purposive sampling. The research data was taken using medical records.Results: The result showed that the majority of patients had hemorrhagic stroke (62,6%) with grade 3 hypertension (37,3%). The odds ratio (OR) for hypertension grade 3 has a risk of 7,153 times having a stroke compared to grade 1 hypertension. The p-value for hypertension 1 and hypertension 3 is 0,001 (p<0,005) which indicates a significant relationship between higher grade hypertension and the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: There is a relationship between higher grade hypertension and the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke
The Effect of Coffee Consumption Pattern on The Incidence of Dyspepsia in Medical Faculty Students
Authors: Huda Habib Al , Marfianti Erlina , Kurniawan Nurcholid Umam , Ihsana Nuni
Published: November 2024

Background: Dyspepsia syndrome can be defined as a collection of complaints described as pain or discomfort in the pit of the stomach, bloating, nausea, vomiting, belching, feeling full quickly, stomach feeling full or full. Based on the 2007 Indonesian Health Profile Information, dyspepsia was ranked 10th in the category of disease inpatients hospitalized in 2006 with 34,029 sufferers or approximately 1.59%. One of the various aspects of the risk of developing dyspepsia is consuming caffeine. Objective: This study aims to determine the influence of coffee consumption patterns on the incidence of dyspepsia in medical students of the Faculty of Medicine. Methods: This study uses an observational analytic method. The research was conducted in October 2021 – November 2021 at Medical Faculty, Ahmad Dahlan University. Research population was 110 active students of the 2018-2020 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis bivariate using chi-square. Results: It was found that the pattern of coffee consumption in students with the majority being in the moderate category was 87 people (79.1%) and the majority experienced the incidence of dyspepsia as many as 73 people (66.4%) while students with moderate consumption patterns had the greatest risk opportunity 1.753 times for experienced dyspepsia events with a relative risk ranging from 0.810 to 3.791. This shows the influence of coffee consumption patterns on the incidence of dyspepsia in students with a value of p = 0.002 (p <0.005). Conclusion: Coffee consumption patterns influence the incidence of dyspepsia in medical students, Medical Faculty Students, Ahmad Dahlan University.
Enhanced degradation of malachite green through heterogeneous processes using an iron oxide catalyst
Authors: Belattar Sara , Mameri Yazid , Abdessemed Ala , Belaidi Sihem , Seraghni Nassira , Khalida Belahlou , Hayette Nouar , Debbache Nadra , Sehili Tahar
Published: November 2024

This laboratory-scale study investigated the removal of Malachite Green (MG) dye using the goethite composite (α-FeOOH) (GOE). In the dark, an interaction between MG and GOE, attributed to physical adsorption, was observed, reaching 28 % after 4 h and confirmed by FTIR analysis. The addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) enhanced the thermal process in the MG-GOE system. By varying parameters such as pH, GOE concentration, and H2O2 amount, the MG disappearance rate increased with higher GOE and H2O2 concentrations. Alkaline pH favored dye removal. Under UV light (365 nm), GOE effectively degraded MG, especially at pH 9 (97 % degradation in 180 min). The scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) by tert-butanol in the GOE-MG-UV365nm system indicated ˙OH-dominated degradation. Fe(II) formation monitoring supported this result. Additionally, H2O2 addition significantly enhanced photodegradation. Partial mineralization of dye molecules was observed via Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis. The kinetics of MG degradation followed pseudo-first order behavior. Overall, this promising process holds potential for recalcitrant environmental pollutant removal.
Seated in Power: A Look at “Participatory” Imaging of Thrones and (Foot)stools in the Mycenaean Palatial World
Authors: Petrakis Vassilis
Published: November 2024

This paper approaches the ideological content of the seated posture in the ideological constructs of the Mycenaean palatial period (1400–1200 BCE). It approaches the function and “emic” perception of seats, categorized as ‘thrones’ and ‘footstools’ or ‘stools’, through an integrated textual, iconographic and archaeological analysis. We argue that such furniture types were not semantically independent, but parts of a broader apparatus aiming to integrate them with figural imagery placed on them (e.g. certain stools/footstools) or decorating their architectural setting (e.g. the seats in the ‘throne rooms’ of the ceremonial/administrative complexes of Knossos and Pylos). The dynamic, transformative role of the human participants using such furniture is argued to be critical in the formation of a powerful visual message. This approach might illuminate subtle yet highly important facets of the phenomenology and physical embodiment of specific items of palatial furniture.
Sorry
,
shit
and
wow
: a case study of the handling of interjections in three Nordic monolingual dictionaries
Authors: Sköldberg Emma , Landqvist Hans
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses a qualitative and, to some extent, comparative metalexicographical case study on interjections, with an English origin, in three Nordic monolingual dictionaries. In short, the study answers the following research questions: (1) How are three well-established interjections handled in The Contemporary Dictionary of the Swedish Academy (SO) compared to corresponding entries in a Danish and a Norwegian dictionary and how can the SO descriptions be developed?; (2) How can three less-established interjections be analyzed and described in an updated version of the SO? The point of departure for answering the research questions is information types that are common in dictionary entries. Furthermore, the use of interjections in corpora and text collections for Swedish are crucial for the investigation. The study shows that interjections as a category imply several challenges for lexicographers. Finally, some suggestions are presented concerning the way in which the description of interjections in the SO may be developed.
Danish Lexicography between Tradition and Innovation: Digital Dictionaries and Needs-adapted Glosses
Authors: Tarp Sven
Published: November 2024

This article deals with Danish lexicography in the light of the current technological and commercial paradigm shift. It shows that the publication of printed dictionaries has almost ceased, and that most new dictionaries are either digital or digitised versions of older dictionaries. The article focuses first on three very different general dictionaries of Danish, Den Danske Ordbog, Den Danske Netordbog og Retskrivningsordbogen, each of which is described in general terms, with some critical observations and comments. It then lists a number of important dictionaries dealing with Danish dialects, culture and linguistic heritage since the 12th century. It also briefly discusses the challenges posed by an outdated business model from the print era, which has resulted in all traditional publishers closing down, leaving most dictionaries that do not benefit from public funding in the hands of a single major provider. The worrying result is that many of these dictionaries, including some essential bilingual and specialised dictionaries, are no longer being properly updated. Finally, examples are given of how traditional lexicographical glosses have found new life in digital software, such as reading and writing assistants.
High and low level constructions in dictionaries and constructiCons: the interplay between lexical and syntactic information in CASA|Con
Authors: Herbst Thomas
Published: November 2024

After outlining the concept of a constructiCon and discussing the relationship of lexicography and constructicography, the focus of this article lies on the CASA ConstruCtiCon project for the English language. The treatment of different types of constructions in CASA|Con is discussed such as argument structure constructions, sentence type constructions, and tense and aspect constructions. In contrast to such constructions at a high level of abstraction a few examples involving a low level of abstraction are being discussed and it is argued that such seemingly unidiomatic constructions constitute an important element of idiomatic language use. Finally, it is shown that the vast majority of constructions are related to lexical material and that thus bringing together what used to be separated into lexical and grammatical phenomena makes a lot of sense not only in terms of linguistic theory but also with respect to works of reference.
Im Netz der Wörter
Authors: Bär Jochen A.
Published: November 2024

The article proposes a taxonomy of semantic relations as an instrument for the systematic description of lexical meanings. In addition to direct and indirect onymic relations, semic relations (relations between meanings of one and the same word) will also be discussed and their descriptive power will be illustrated with historical examples.