bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Como é estar nas nuvens?: satisfação, lealdade e intenção de uso dos usuários de serviços de computação em nuvem da Netflix
Authors: Moraes Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes de , Silva Danilo Soares , Boldrin Juliana , Fujimura Ana Paula Akemi Araki , Rocha Anne Kathleen Lopes da
Published: March 2020

Cada vez mais as empresas buscam maneiras de aprimorar seus serviços para conseguirem competir diante de novos mercados. Uma maneira utilizada para melhorar a qualidade e a segurança dos serviços é a chamada computação em nuvem, que está sendo adotada por empresas que desejam, por exemplo, maior economia, privacidade e sustentabilidade. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar um modelo para avaliar a Satisfação, Lealdade e Intenção de Uso de serviços de computação em nuvem no mercado de vídeos online, por meio de um estudo com consumidores da empresa Netflix. A Netflix utiliza a tecnologia de computação em nuvem nos seus negócios e nos últimos anos apresentou um grande crescimento, pois oferece para seus consumidores uma ampla variedade de filmes e séries de alta qualidade por um preço acessível, em um modelo de negócios diferenciado. A metodologia utilizada foi quantitativa e os dados foram analisados por meio de modelos de equações estruturais. O estudo apresentou um modelo robusto com alto valor explicativo. A pesquisa fornece informações relevantes sobre o comportamento dos indivíduos nesse mercado, evidenciando fatores que levam à Satisfação, Lealdade e Intenção de Uso, contribuindo com os pesquisadores da área. Gestores podem utilizar as informações para alinhar os resultados com as estratégias de oferecimento de serviços e benefícios para os usuários.
A localization method for loose parts monitoring system of VVER reactor plants
Authors: Maksimov Ivan V. , Perevezentsev Vladimir V.
Published: March 2020

As operational experience shows, it can hardly be excluded that some detached or loosened parts and even foreign objects (hereinafter referred to as the ‘loose parts’) may appear in the main circulation loop of VVER reactor plants. Naturally, the sooner such incidents are detected and evaluated, the more time will be available to eliminate or at least minimize damage to the reactor plant main equipment. The paper describes a method for localizing the impact of loose parts located in the coolant circulation circuit of a VVER reactor plant. To diagnose malfunctions of the reactor plant main equipment, it is necessary to accurately determine the place where the acoustic anomaly occurred. Therefore, if some loose parts make themselves felt, it is important to track the path of their movement along the main circulation circuit as well as their location using physical barriers.

The method is based on the representation of the surface, along which an acoustic wave travels, as a 3D model of the reactor plant (RP) main circulation circuit. The model has the form of a graph in which the vertices characterize the control points on the RP surface and the edges are the distances between them. The method uses information about the acoustic wave velocity and the time difference of arrivals (TDOAs) of the signal received by various sensors. It is shown that, when the effect is received by more than three sensors, along with an estimate of the impact coordinate, it becomes possible to estimate the average acoustic wave velocity. To determine time of arrival, the signal dispersion change point detection method is used. Provided that the average size between the control points on the RP surface was 300 mm, the average localization error was about 600 mm. The developed algorithm can be easily adapted to any VVER reactor plant. The obtained deviation values are acceptable for practical use.
Problems of radiation safety calculations related to spent nuclear fuel transport casks
Authors: Sobolev Artem V. , Danilov Pavel A.
Published: March 2020

The paper discusses the stages of calculating the radiation safety of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transport packages, in particular, transport casks and some related problems. The problem of describing the source of neutrons and gamma radiation of spent nuclear fuel is shown. For individual designs of fuel assemblies, data are given on isotopes that make the main contribution to the neutron source as well as on gamma rays in nuclear fuel material and structural materials. The authors emphasize the necessity of analyzing the influence of the initial spent fuel parameters on the formation of the radiation spectrum and, therefore, on the radiation situation around the transport casks. Consideration is given to the problem of assessing the attenuation of gamma radiation in calculating protection analytically and using software. Due to the ambiguity of the position of the zone with the highest effective dose value on the SNF transport cask surface, it is indicated that preliminary estimates are required to take into account all radiation sources and their nonuniformities.

All the problems presented in the paper are currently being solved by means of rather complex and voluminous calculations that take a long time. In order to be able to conduct a preliminary assessment of the radiation situation around the transport casks, the authors propose to create a methodology that will determine the type of interrelations between the maximum effective dose and input parameters, such as fuel burnup, decay, fuel composition, protection material in the SNF transport cask, etc. This methodology will make it possible to improve the efficiency of the process of designing the SNF transport casks, avoid possible design errors and, in particular, when used as intended, resolve the issue of the SNF cask loading configuration.
Hambourg et son port, emblèmes d’une Allemagne mondialisée
Authors: Weinachter Michèle
Published: March 2020

La ville-État de Hambourg s’est donnée comme devise « Das Tor zur Welt », la porte qui ouvre sur le monde. Son port maritime, de loin le plus grand d’Allemagne, lui a donné, depuis des siècles et la glorieuse époque de la Hanse, son caractère cosmopolite. Si le port, ses docks et ses conteneurs sont étroitement associés à l’identité de la ville, celle-ci a vu se développer de nombreux secteurs d’activité largement portés par la dynamique d’ouverture. L’économie du Land, et notamment le secteur de la logistique a pleinement profité de la mondialisation, du développement de l'économie asiatique et des mutations géopolitiques survenues en Europe après la chute du Mur. Le phénomène le plus marquant de ces deux dernières décennies est la montée en puissance du partenariat avec la Chine. La dynamique du port est cependant ralentie depuis la crise de 2008, et désormais freinée à la fois par des faiblesses structurelles dans un contexte de concurrence accrue, et une nouvelle donne internationale riche d’incertitudes.
Les échanges commerciaux entre l’Allemagne et la Chine : concurrents ou partenaires ?
Authors: Mertens-Lafay Jan
Published: March 2020

La Chine est le partenaire économique le plus important de l'Allemagne en Asie et à l'inverse, l'Allemagne est le principal partenaire commercial de la Chine en Europe. Des exemples et des études chiffrées récentes dans cet article illustrent les changements qui sont survenus dans les relations germano-chinoises ces dernières années. Jan Mertens-Lafay analyse de nombreux exemples prouvant que l’industrie chinoise se trouve en concurrence frontale avec l’industrie allemande. Cependant, la peur d’une prise de contrôle chinoise sur les entreprises allemandes est injustifiée. Certes, les Chinois investissent en Allemagne, mais moins que par le passé et moins que dans d’autres pays. Il ne faut donc pas diaboliser les entreprises chinoises qui pratiquent des investissements directs à une ampleur moindre que que ceux des Allemands en Chine, tant en nombre qu’en valeur. Cependant, les investissements de la Chine en Allemagne suivent en grande partie la stratégie de politique industrielle du gouvernement chinois, le Made in China 2025. Les entreprises allemandes doivent plutôt se préparer à faire face à la montée en puissance des entreprises chinoises de demain qui sont en train de devenir, elles aussi, des leaders de l’innovation. La concurrence est de plus en plus rude pour les entreprises allemandes des domaines de l’industrie traditionnellement puissante à l’export : les machines-outils et l’automobile. Il ne s’agira alors plus seulement d’importer des textiles ou des produits intermédiaires à faible valeur ajoutée mais aussi des produits concurrents directs de l’industrie allemande comme les voitures électriques et les machines-outils. En ce sens, le manque d’investissements en Allemagne risque de se faire cruellement sentir dans la concurrence de plus en plus frontale des entreprises allemandes face aux entreprises chinoises dans leurs domaines de compétence privilégiés.
De la réconciliation à l’intégration régionale. L’exemple franco-allemand comme référence à la réconciliation au Rwanda
Authors: Trouille Helen , Trouille Jean-Marc
Published: March 2020

Comment a-t-on pu, après 1945, surmonter la rivalité franco-allemande, marquée par de nombreux conflits sanglants, panser les plaies du passé et travailler à un avenir européen commun ? Comment le Rwanda, après 1994, a-t-il pu surmonter le génocide et réconcilier ses communautés pour ensuite devenir un acteur clé de l’intégration régionale est-africaine ? De prime abord fort différents, ces deux contextes de difficile réconciliation méritent d’être considérés en parallèle, afin de mieux cerner les stratégies qui ont permis de surmonter dans chaque camp, et dans chaque cas, les épreuves les plus inimaginables. A travers leurs approches respectives, accompagnées d’un travail de mémoire et de commémoration commun et respectueux des sensibilités, France et Allemagne d’une part, communautés rwandaises d’autre part, ont pu retrouver la paix et la volonté d’œuvrer ensemble, et avec leurs voisins, vers un avenir plus prospère.
Dignité et rationalité axiologique. L’héritage de Raymond Boudon
Authors: Mesure Sylvie
Published: March 2020

Il peut paraître surprenant de rapprocher dignité et rationalité axiologique dans le plaidoyer de Raymond Boudon en faveur de l’objectivité des valeurs éthiques. Pourtant, il y voyait la valeur centrale de notre modernité occidentale, dominant toute notre hiérarchie morale. C’est sur ce rôle méconnu du principe d’égale dignité dans la pensée de Raymond Boudon que sera mis l’accent dans cet article, à partir duquel sera aussi interrogée sa théorie de la rationalité axiologique.
Économie : un individualisme méthodologique à la recherche de sa propre incomplétude
Authors: Favereau Olivier
Published: March 2020

L’individualisme méthodologique (IM) séculaire de l’économie dominante a figé son opposition au holisme méthodologique (HM) dans un travail d’axiomatisation achevé au début des années 1970 à deux niveaux : 1) la rationalité individuelle (réduite à l’optimisation) ; 2) la coordination interindividuelle (restreinte aux seuls marchés). Cet IM « fermé » a donc défini ses propres limites de validité : 1) une liste complète des états futurs de la nature ; 2) un système complet de marchés d’options. La négation de ces conditions dans la réalité empirique y rend visible un double phénomène d’incomplétude. L’économie dominante a, depuis, développé trois stratégies d’aveuglement, partiel ou total, au prix d’incohérences multiples au regard de l’IM même « fermé ». Le traitement positif de ces deux incomplétudes dans des courants hétérodoxes redonne ses chances à l’IM, à un IM « ouvert » en mesure d’interagir avec le HM.
La réception de l’aide informelle au grand âge : entre solidarité et ambivalence
Authors: Masotti Barbara , Hugentobler Valérie
Published: March 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de s’interroger sur la place qu’ont les solidarités informelles dans le dispositif d’aide à la vieillesse qui, en Suisse, est fortement ancré autour du maintien à domicile. La réflexion se construit en partant du point de vue, encore peu exploré, de l’aidé. Les données sont à la fois quantitatives et qualitatives et portent sur un échantillon de personnes âgées de 80 ans et plus vivant à domicile dans le canton du Tessin. Une large majorité bénéficie du soutien d’un ou de plusieurs proches ; un support qui s’exprime avant tout dans la présence et dans des tâches plus pratiques et ponctuelles telles que les courses, le transport et les aides administratives. Plus présente chez les aînés insérés dans un réseau filial, cette aide reste pourtant déterminée non pas par l’existence d’une descendance, mais par celle de contacts directs d’une certaine fréquence et, par conséquent, d’une proximité géographique entre aidant et aidé. Si elle suscite généralement des vécus positifs, l’aide intergénérationnelle peut aussi générer des contradictions : d’une part du fait que, face à des besoins majeurs, on souhaiterait compter sur la présence de ses enfants, d’autre part en raison de la volonté de respecter l’autonomie de ceux-ci. Une reconnaissance institutionnelle majeure de l’aide des proches – par l’introduction d’aides financières et de congés universels – pourrait contribuer à réduire ce sentiment d’ambivalence, tant chez l’aidant que chez l’aidé.
Points de vue d’usagers sur la déprescription de médicaments en maison de retraite
Authors: Lechevalier Hurard Lucie , Cateau Damien , Bugnon Olivier , Niquille Charrière Anne , Foley Rose-Anna
Published: March 2020

Cet article est issu d’une recherche interdisciplinaire en pharmacie et sciences sociales sur la polymédication et la déprescription en maison de retraite menée en Suisse romande. Si les facteurs psycho-sociaux sont souvent mobilisés pour expliquer la difficile déprescription (réduction encadrée de la consommation de médicaments pour réduire ses effets délétères identifiés), les propos des usagers interviewés mettent en lumière les facteurs structurels du fonctionnement des établissements pour comprendre le phénomène de polymédication et sa persistence. Perdant leur autonomie sur beaucoup d’aspects de leur vie quotidienne, la plupart des résidents délèguent intégralement la gestion des médicaments aux professionnels et estiment ne plus vraiment avoir de prise sur l’évolution des prescriptions. L’enquête montre pourtant qu’entre recherche d’efficacité et crainte des effets secondaires, les usagers se révèlent perméables aux discours des professionnels et accessibles à la sensibilisation aux risques de la polymédication. L’article conclut sur des pistes qui pourraient faciliter une démarche de déprescription concertée, et favoriser le partage des décisions avec les résidents de maisons de retraite à partir du levier des consommations de médicaments.
Soigner les incurables ? L’expérience des colonies familiales et la réforme de l’assistance aux aliénés en France (1892-1939)
Authors: Derrien Marie
Published: March 2020

En s’intéressant à une expérience pionnière conduite par le département de la Seine à partir de la fin du xix e siècle, cet article montre que l’assistance psychiatrique en France ne s’est jamais résumée à l’internement dans un asile. La création de colonies familiales d’aliénés prouve en effet que les aliénistes et les pouvoirs publics ont su imaginer et mettre en œuvre d’autres dispositifs de prise en charge de la maladie mentale, s’émancipant des règles dictées par la loi du 30 juin 1838 bien avant l’entre-deux-guerres et l’ouverture des premiers services ouverts. L’étude de leurs motivations et de leurs rôles respectifs permet d’écrire une histoire à la fois médicale, politique et économique de la psychiatrie en France et de battre en brèche l’idée selon laquelle les premières années du xx e siècle, marquées par l’augmentation du nombre des internés, constitueraient une période d’immobilisme et de renoncement thérapeutique.
Les appartements thérapeutiques, entre expérimentation et institutionnalisation (années 1960-1980)
Authors: Legoullon Gwenaëlle
Published: March 2020

Depuis la mise en place des asiles d’aliénés à partir de 1838, de nombreuses critiques s’élèvent contre l’enfermement et la marginalisation des malades mentaux. En France, comme dans d’autres pays occidentaux, des voix s’élèvent pour promouvoir des solutions thérapeutiques alternatives, en particulier l’hébergement au cœur de la cité. Mais ce n’est qu’après la Seconde Guerre mondiale que le système hospitalier est progressivement réformé, afin de l’ouvrir davantage sur la société. En France, la « sectorisation » mise en œuvre à partir des années 1960 et 1970 a permis de déconcentrer les soins psychiatriques. Elle s’accompagne d’une réduction du nombre de lits d’hôpitaux. Se pose alors la question de l’hébergement des patients. C’est dans ce contexte que des « appartements thérapeutiques » sont expérimentés dans les années 1970 puis institutionnalisés à partir de la fin des années 1980. Cet article se propose d’appréhender un objet relevant de l’histoire de la médecine à partir des approches de l’histoire urbaine et de l’histoire des politiques publiques. Il retrace l’histoire des appartements thérapeutiques, essentiellement en France, puis présente une étude de cas spécifique, centrée sur l’activité de l’association Orloges (Office rhodanien de logement social), créée en 1980 dans le but de faciliter l’accès des malades psychiatriques au logement.
Au préjudice de la fidélité, du droit et de la nature. Les usages de la lèse-majesté dans le discours monarchique à la noblesse de France (1560-1598)
Authors: Deruelle Benjamin
Published: March 2020

En France, la fin des guerres d’Italie et la mort tragique du roi Henri II ouvrent la période des guerres de Religion. La monarchie s’enfonce alors dans une crise religieuse, politique et militaire dans laquelle la noblesse joue un rôle déterminant. Pourtant, plus que jamais, le roi doit s’appuyer sur les gentilshommes responsables de la défense et de l’ordre intérieur du royaume. Ainsi entre le soulèvement général des huguenots, sous la direction du prince de Condé en avril 1562, et la prise d’Amiens en 1597, Charles IX, Henri III puis Henri IV multiplient les déclarations, les convocations du ban et arrière-ban et les appels généraux à la noblesse. Parmi l’ensemble des arguments présentés pour convaincre les nobles d’abandonner la révolte ou de rejoindre l’armée royale se trouve celui de la lèse-majesté. Cet article s’intéresse à la place de cette catégorie juridique, à son évolution dans les discours monarchiques et au remaniement dont elle fait l’objet durant les troubles religieux. Le discours à la noblesse se révèle non seulement comme le lieu de la redéfinition des domaines couverts par la lèse-majesté, mais encore comme celui de la redéfinition du pouvoir et du rôle de la noblesse.
Le rôle des attaches géographiques dans les parcours professionnels des cadres en petite entreprise
Authors: Bourgain Marina , Gilson Adeline
Published: March 2020

La mobilité géographique est souvent prônée dans la gestion des carrières des cadres et ses enjeux individuels et sociétaux ont été largement soulignés en sciences de gestion. Dans cet article, nous prenons le contrepied de ce modèle dominant en mettant en évidence le rôle des attaches géographiques dans les parcours professionnels des cadres en petite entreprise (PE). Une méthodologie mixte est mobilisée pour deux raisons. D’une part, il s’agit de procéder à une comparaison des situations de début de carrières des jeunes cadres en grande et en petite entreprises. D’autre part, notre objectif est d’approfondir les leviers des parcours professionnels en petite entreprise tout en explorant la notion d’attache géographique. Notre analyse a ainsi porté sur des données quantitatives et qualitatives, les premières étant issues d’une enquête nationale d’insertion et de mobilité, Génération 2010, menée auprès de 26 860 cadres récemment sortis de formation. Pour les secondes, nous avons collecté 25 récits de vie de cadres en petite entreprise de plus de 10 ans d’expérience professionnelle. Globalement, les jeunes cadres en petite entreprise (moins de 50 salariés) présentent une moindre mobilité géographique et aspirent moins à changer de région que les jeunes cadres en grande entreprise. Nos résultats font tout d’abord ressortir une moindre mobilité géographique chez les cadres en PE. Leurs parcours professionnels s’en trouvent différenciés de ceux des cadres en GE avec une attractivité des petites entreprises en réponse à des choix de vie. Nous avons également identifié trois dimensions des attaches géographiques : affective et identitaire, économique, et de qualité du cadre de vie local, dont le rôle ressort comme déterminant dans l’orientation des parcours professionnels des cadres.
The association of maize characteristics with resistance toFusarium verticillioides and fumonisin accumulation in commercial maize cultivars
Authors: Links S. , van Zyl K. , Cassiem A. , Flett B.C. , Viljoen A. , Rose L.J.
Published: March 2020

Fusarium verticillioides is the primary fungus that causes Fusarium ear rot (FER) of maize. Infection results in reduced grain yield and quality due to moulding and the contamination of grain with toxic compounds namely fumonisins. Resistance to fungal infection and fumonisin accumulation in maize and maize grain is governed at different levels. In this study, the structural, physico-chemical and genetic basis of resistance toF. verticillioides was investigated in two, replicated field trials at Potchefstroom and Vaalharts in South Africa. Phenotypic data (silk length, husk coverage, pericarp thickness hundred-kernel mass and kernel hardness), physico-chemical data (kernel pH, moisture content, total nitrogen and carbon as well as phenolic acid content) and the expression of pathogenesis-related-5 gene (PR5) and peroxidase gene expression was evaluated in 15 commercial cultivars under artificially inoculated and natural infection conditions. The data were correlated to FER severity, fumonisin accumulation and fungal DNA (referred to as infection indicators). Disease development and fumonisin contamination in Vaalharts was significantly more than in Potchefstroom. There were no significant correlations (r=≥0.60) between phenotypic characteristics and infection indicators. Kernel pH was the most important trait associated with disease development and was negatively correlated (between r=-0.58 and r=-0.75) to all infection indicators.PR5 gene expression had significant positive correlations (r=0.69 and r=0.72) with the fungal and fumonisin levels, respectively. This study presents of the first data demonstrating the use of gene expression in identifying FER/fumonisin-resistant plant material and could aid breeders and growers in selecting resistant material more effectively.
Evaluating Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Mao Jianbo , Cheng Dan , Lin Jingjing , Chen Yiqi , Lv Zhe , Shen Lijun
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report the imaging features of different stages of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patients diagnosed with RAP were included in this study. All patients underwent fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCTA. The OCTA features were illustrated and compared with FA, ICGA, and OCT. OCTA was performed at baseline and after injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

RESULTS:

A total of 12 eyes of 12 consecutive patients were included. Patients' ages ranged from 57 to 82 years. In all cases, the hot spot lesions found on FA or ICGA were clearly detected on OCTA in the same area (12/12, 100%). Hot spot lesions showed variable patterns. Four patients had multiple hot spot lesions located on the outer retina layer, deep layer, or superior retinal layer. OCTA showed a clearer location and relationship with feeder vessels compared with FA or ICGA. Eight patients had received anti-VEGF therapy 1.75 ± 1.06 times. Follow-up OCTA images demonstrated smaller and fewer hot spot lesions with lesser blood flow signal.

CONCLUSIONS:

OCTA is a noninvasive, fast imaging modality for detecting microvascular changes, and it provides more detail of the RAP lesion and related vessels than ICGA or FA. OCTA would be a valuable tool for follow-up observation. The OCTA patterns of RAP may be helpful in understanding its pathology.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:136–144.]
Ophthalmology Consultation to Detect Endogenous Endophthalmitis: Clinical Characteristics in Consulted Versus Diagnosed Cases Among At-Risk Inpatients
Authors: Wang Kaidi , Krishnan Gomathi , Pershing Suzann
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Predisposing factors for ophthalmology consultations and endogenous endophthalmitis were compared among inpatients with systemic infection.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized.

RESULTS:

There were 9,527 encounters identified with systemic infection. The 5-year incidence rate was 8.4% (803/9,527) for consultations and 0.3% (25/9,527) for endophthalmitis. Factors most associated with consultations included positive fungal blood cultures and HIV. Factors most associated with endophthalmitis included positive blood fungal cultures and endocarditis. Four of 25 endophthalmitis patients lacked positive blood cultures; six of 20 endophthalmitis patients with adequate mentation were asymptomatic.

CONCLUSIONS:

Positive blood fungal cultures were strongly associated with both endophthalmitis and consultations. Endocarditis was strongly associated with endophthalmitis but less associated with consultation and may warrant increased attention. Neither presence of symptoms nor positive cultures may be sufficiently accurate to determine need for consultation.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:159–169.]
Prevention of Macular Edema in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy Undergoing Cataract Surgery: The PROMISE Trial
Authors: Song Weilin , Conti Thais F. , Gans Richard , Conti Felipe F. , Silva Fabiana Q. , Saroj Namrata , Singh Rishi P.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To determine the safety and efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the prevention of macular edema (ME) following cataract surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This phase 2, prospective, interventional, single-masked, randomized trial at a single academic center included 30 patients who were 18 years of age or older with nonproliferative DR and undergoing cataract surgery with phacoemulsification. Patients received 2 mg intravitreal aflibercept (0.05 mL) or sham injection during cataract surgery. Main outcome measures included treatment adverse events (AEs), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and incidence of ME (defined as presence of cystoid abnormalities as detected by optical coherence tomography at any follow-up visit), a 30% or greater increase from preoperative baseline in central subfield macular thickness, or a BCVA decrease of more than 5 ETDRS letters from Day 7 due to retinal thickening.

RESULTS:

There were similar incidences of AEs between the two groups and no clinically serious ocular AEs in either group. The IAI group had fewer ME events at Day 14 (13% vs. 53%;
P
= .022), but there was no significant difference in ME events at Day 30 (27% vs. 60%;
P
= .057), Day 60 (27% vs. 60%;
P
= .057), or Day 90 (40% vs. 67%;
P
= .161). Compared to the study group, the control group had a significantly greater increase in central subfield thickness (CST) at Day 30 (50.05 μm vs. 7.95 μm;
P
= .040) and Day 60 (56.45 μm vs. 3.02 μm;
P
= .010). However, the difference in CST between groups was no longer significant at Day 90 (50.31 μm vs. 18.48 μm;
P
= .12). There were no significant differences in BCVA gains between the IAI and sham group at the end of the follow-up period (Day 90, ETDRS letters: 9.88 vs. 8.52;
P
= .66).

CONCLUSIONS:

Use of IAI in patients with DR for prevention of ME following cataract surgery showed no significant AEs. Although there were significant differences in ME incidence and retinal thickness at periods of time, there was no clinically meaningful benefit in terms of VA. Further larger trials are needed to validate these findings.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:170–178.]
Functional and Morphologic Findings at Four Years After Intravitreal Bevacizumab or Laser for Type 1 ROP
Authors: Lepore Domenico , Ji Marco H. , Quinn Graham E. , Amorelli Giulia M. , Orazi Lorenzo , Ricci Daniela , Mercuri Eugenio
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To compare morphologic and functional status at age 4 years for patients treated in one eye with laser photocoagulation and the other eye with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection for Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this single-center, randomized, controlled trial, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in logMAR was obtained along with spherical equivalent refraction (SER), fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherent tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA).

RESULTS:

Eighteen babies (36 eyes) were selected for this study. BCVA and SER were similar in the two groups, but six patients had anisometropia of 4 diopters or more. IVB-treated eyes tended to have thinner foveal thickness than laser-treated eyes (mean difference: −5.33 pixels; 95% confidence interval, −9.62 to −1.05).

CONCLUSION:

Although the differences found here are minimal between the IVB-treated and laser-treated groups, further long-term evaluation of not only FA, but also OCT and OCTA, are needed in larger studies.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:180–186.]
On the existence of permutations conditioned by certain rational functions
Authors: Han Guo-Niu
Published: March 2020

We prove several conjectures made by Z.-W. Sun on the existence of permutations conditioned by certain rational functions. Furthermore, we fully characterize all integer values of the "inverse difference" rational function. Our proofs consist of both investigation of the mathematical properties of the rational functions and brute-force attack by computer for finding special permutations.
Non-existence of solutions to some degenerate coercivity elliptic equations involving measures data
Authors: Ri Maoji , Huang Shuibo , Huang Canyun
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we main consider the non-existence of solutions $ u $ by approximation to the following quasilinear elliptic problem with principal part having degenerate coercivity:

   $ \begin{align*} \left \{ \begin{array}{rl} -\text{div}\left(\frac{|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u}{(1+|u|)^{(p-1)\theta}}\right)+|u|^{q-1}u = \lambda, \; &x\in\Omega, \\ u = 0, \; &x\in\partial\Omega, \end{array} \right. \end{align*} $

provided

   $ \begin{align*} q>\frac{r(p-1)[1+\theta(p-1)]}{r-p}, \end{align*} $

where $ \Omega $ is a bounded smooth subset of $ \mathbb{R}^N(N>2) $, $ 1
, $ q>1 $, $ 0\leq\theta<1 $, $ \lambda $ is a measure which is concentrated on a set with zero $ r $ capacity $ (p<r\leq N) $.
The anisotropic integrability logarithmic regularity criterion for the 3D MHD equations
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmad Mohammad , Gala Sadek , Qian Chenyin , Ragusa Maria Alessandra
Published: March 2020

This study is devoted to investigating the regularity criterion of the 3D MHD equations in terms of pressure in the framework of anisotropic Lebesgue spaces. The result shows that if a weak solution $ (u, b) $ satisfies

   $ \begin{equation} \int_{0}^{T}{\frac{\left\Vert \left\Vert \partial _{3}\pi (\cdot , t)\right\Vert _{L_{x_{3}}^{\gamma }}\right\Vert _{L_{x_{1}x_{2}}^{\alpha }}^{q}}{1+\ln \left( e+\left\Vert \pi (\cdot , t)\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}\right) }}\ dt<\infty , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(1)\end{equation} $

where

   $ \begin{equation*} \frac{1}{\gamma }+\frac{2}{q}+\frac{2}{\alpha } = \lambda \in \lbrack 2, 3)\text{ and }\frac{3}{\lambda }\leq \gamma \leq \alpha <\frac{1}{\lambda -2}, \end{equation*} $

then $ (u, b) $ is regular at $ t = T $, which improve the previous results on the MHD equations
A note on sign-changing solutions for the Schrödinger Poisson system
Authors: Guo Hui , Wang Tao
Published: March 2020

We consider the following nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson system

   $ \left\{\begin{array}{lll} -\Delta u+u+\lambda\phi(x) u = f(u)&\quad &x\in \mathbb{R}^3, \\ -\Delta \phi = u^2, \ \lim\limits_{|x|\to\infty} \phi(x) = 0&\quad &x\in \mathbb{R}^3, \end{array}\right. $

where $ \lambda>0 $ and $ f $ is continuous. By combining delicate analysis and the method of invariant subsets of descending flow, we prove the existence and asymptotic behavior of infinitely many radial sign-changing solutions for odd $ f $. The nonlinearity covers the case of pure power-type nonlinearity $ f(u) = |u|^{p-2}u $ with the less studied situation $ p\in(3, 4). $ This result extends and complements the ones in [Z. Liu, Z. Q. Wang, and J. Zhang, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 2016] from the coercive potential case to the constant potential case.
Global existence and energy decay of solutions for a wave equation with non-constant delay and nonlinear weights
Authors: Barros Vanessa , Nonato Carlos , Raposo Carlos
Published: March 2020

We consider the wave equation with a weak internal damping with non-constant delay and nonlinear weights given by

   $ \begin{eqnarray*} \label{NLS} u_{tt}(x,t) - u_{xx}(x,t)+\mu_1(t)u_t(x,t) +\mu_2(t)u_t(x,t-\tau(t)) = 0 \end{eqnarray*} $

in a bounded domain. Under proper conditions on nonlinear weights $ \mu_1(t), \mu_2(t) $ and non-constant delay $ \tau(t) $, we prove global existence and estimative the decay rate for the energy.
Normalized solutions for Choquard equations with general nonlinearities
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Chen Sitong , Tang Xianhua
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we prove the existence of positive solutions with prescribed $ L^{2} $-norm to the following Choquard equation:

   $ \begin{equation*} -\Delta u-\lambda u = (I_{\alpha}*F(u))f(u), \ \ \ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^3, \end{equation*} $

where $ \lambda\in \mathbb{R}, \alpha\in (0,3) $ and $ I_{\alpha}: \mathbb{R}^3\rightarrow \mathbb{R} $ is the Riesz potential. Under the weaker conditions, by using a minimax procedure and some new analytical techniques, we show that for any $ c>0 $, the above equation possesses at least a couple of weak solution $ (\bar{u}_c, \bar{ \lambda}_c)\in \mathcal{S}_{c}\times \mathbb{R}^- $ such that $ \|\bar{u}_c\|_{2}^{2} = c $.
Blow-up in damped abstract nonlinear equations
Authors: Esquivel-Avila Jorge A.
Published: March 2020

As a typical example of our analysis we consider a generalized Boussinesq equation, linearly damped and with a nonlinear source term. For any positive value of the initial energy, in particular for high energies, we give sufficient conditions on the initial data to conclude nonexistence of global solutions. We do our analysis in an abstract framework. We compare our results with those in the literature and we give more examples to illustrate the applicability of the abstract formulation.
Finite time blow-up and global existence of solutions for semilinear parabolic equations with nonlinear dynamical boundary condition
Authors: Zhang Mingyou , Zhao Qingsong , Liu Yu , Li Wenke
Published: March 2020

For a class of semilinear parabolic equations under nonlinear dynamical boundary conditions in a bounded domain, we obtain finite time blow-up solutions when the initial data varies in the phase space $ H_0^1(\Omega) $ at positive initial energy level and get global solutions with the initial data at low and critical energy level. Our main tools are potential well method and concavity method.
Existence and asymptotic behavior of bound states for a class of nonautonomous Schrödinger-Poisson system
Authors: Huang Lirong , Chen Jianqing
Published: March 2020

This paper is concerned with the following Schrödinger-Poisson system

   $ \begin{equation*} (P_\mu): -\Delta u +u + K(x)\phi u = |u|^{p-1}u + \mu h(x)u, \ -\Delta \phi = K(x) u^2, \ x\in\mathbb{R}^3, \end{equation*} $

where $ p\in (3,5) $, $ K(x) $ and $ h(x) $ are nonnegative functions, and $ \mu $ is a positive parameter. Let $ \mu_1 > 0 $ be an isolated first eigenvalue of the eigenvalue problem $ -\Delta u + u = \mu h(x)u $, $ u\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^3) $. As $ 0<\mu\leq\mu_1 $, we prove that $ (P_{\mu}) $ has at least one nonnegative bound state with positive energy. As $ \mu > \mu_1 $, there is $ \delta > 0 $ such that for any $ \mu\in (\mu_1, \mu_1 + \delta) $, $ (P_\mu) $ has a nonnegative ground state $ u_{0,\mu} $ with negative energy, and $ u_{0,\mu^{(n)}}\to 0 $ in $ H^1(\mathbb{R}^3) $ as $ \mu^{(n)}\downarrow \mu_1 $. Besides, $ (P_\mu) $ has another nonnegative bound state $ u_{2,\mu} $ with positive energy, and $ u_{2,\mu^{(n)}}\to u_{\mu_1} $ in $ H^1(\mathbb{R}^3) $ as $ \mu^{(n)}\downarrow \mu_1 $, where $ u_{\mu_1} $ is a bound state of $ (P_{\mu_1}) $.
The digital smash product
Authors: Cinar Ismet , Ege Ozgur , Karaca Ismet
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we construct the smash product from the digital viewpoint and prove some its properties such as associativity, distributivity, and commutativity. Moreover, we present the digital suspension and the digital cone for an arbitrary digital image and give some examples of these new concepts.
Existence of best proximity points satisfying two constraint inequalities
Authors: Balraj Duraisamy , Marudai Muthaiah , Mitrovic Zoran D. , Ege Ozgur , Piramanantham Veeraraghavan
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we prove the existence of best proximity point and coupled best proximity point on metric spaces with partial order for weak proximal contraction mappings such that these critical points satisfy some constraint inequalities.
Pre-trained language model augmented adversarial training network for Chinese clinical event detection
Authors: Zhang Zhichang ,   College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China, Zhang Minyu , Zhou Tong , Qiu Yanlong
Published: March 2020

Clinical event detection (CED) is a hot topic and essential task in medical artificial intelligence, which has attracted the attention from academia and industry over the recent years. However, most studies focus on English clinical narratives. Owing to the limitation of annotated Chinese medical corpus, there is a lack of relevant research about Chinese clinical narratives. The existing methods ignore the importance of contextual information in semantic understanding. Therefore, it is urgent to research multilingual clinical event detection. In this paper, we present a novel encoder-decoder structure based on pre-trained language model for Chinese CED task, which integrates contextual representations into Chinese character embeddings to assist model in semantic understanding. Compared with existing methods, our proposed strategy can help model harvest a language inferential skill. Besides, we introduce the punitive weight to adjust the proportion of loss on each category for coping with class imbalance problem. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed model, we conduct a range of experiments on test set of our manually annotated corpus. We compare overall performance of our proposed model with baseline models on our manually annotated corpus. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model achieves the best precision of 83.73%, recall of 86.56% and F1-score of 85.12%. Moreover, we also evaluate the performance of our proposed model with baseline models on minority category samples. We discover that our proposed model obtains a significant increase on minority category samples.
The Effect of Problem-Based Learning with Character Emphasis toward Students’ Higher-Order Thinking Skills and Characters
Authors: Suhirman Suhirman , Yusuf Yusuf , Muliadi Agus , Prayogi Saiful
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to investigating the effect of problem-based learning with char-acter emphasis toward the students’ higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) and characters. This study an experimental research using the single factor independ-ent group design which conducted on secondary school in Mataram - Indonesia. The treatment was given to three independent randomly selected groups, namely Problem-Based Learning with Character Emphasis (PBL-CE), Problem Based-Learning (PBL), and Regular Learning (RL). The data of the students’ HOTS were collected through essay tests and the data of the students’ characters were collected through self-assessment sheets, and analyzed using MANOVA. The results showed that the highest mean score for HOTS was found in the PBL-CE group, its was significantly different with RL group, and not significantly differ-ent with PBL group. Meanwhile, for the average score of student characters, the PBL-CE group scored higher and was significantly different from the other two groups (PBL and RL). The generalization of the study results has shown that there is an effect of problem-based learning with character emphasis on students' higher order thinking skills and character.
Sustainability of Public Finance of Rentier States
Authors: Raimi Lukman , Aljadani Abdussalam
Published: March 2020

Embedding this discourse on rentier state theory (RST), this chapter discusses the quest for sustainability of the public finance system of Nigeria and Saudi Arabia. The inability of these rentier states to meet their economic, social, and political commitments led to the adoption of value-added tax (VAT) and economic diversification as sustainability strategies. The findings from the macroeconomic data indicated that Nigeria and Saudi Arabia have large markets that provide opportunities for the introduction of VAT. These two countries also have huge deposits of natural resources, including oil, which could be developed for accelerating economic diversification. This chapter validates the appropriateness of VAT and post-rentier economic diversification as sound policies for industrial, services, tax, and tourism development. The findings from this chapter need to be strengthened with a more rigorous empirical investigation. The chapter concludes with far-reaching policy suggestions.
Big Data and Its Visualization With Fog Computing
Authors: Segall Richard S. , Niu Gao
Published: March 2020

Big Data is data sets that are so voluminous and complex that traditional data processing application software are inadequate to deal with them. This article discusses what is Big Data, and its characteristics, and how this information revolution of Big Data is transforming our lives and the new technology and methodologies that have been developed to process data of these huge dimensionalities. Big Data can be discrete or a continuous stream of data, and can be accessed using many types and kinds of computing devices ranging from supercomputers, personal work stations, to mobile devices and tablets. Discussion is presented of how fog computing can be performed with cloud computing as a mechanism for visualization of Big Data. An example of visualization techniques for Big Data transmitted by devices connected by Internet of Things (IoT) is presented for real data from fatality analysis reporting system (FARS) managed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDoT). Big Data web-based visualization software are discussed that are both JavaScript-based and user interface-based. Challenges and opportunities of using Big Data with fog computing are also discussed.
Discovering News Frames
Authors: Cheeks Loretta H. , Stepien Tracy L. , Wald Dara M. , Gaffar Ashraf
Published: March 2020

The Internet is a major source of online news content. Current efforts to evaluate online news content including text, storyline, and sources is limited by the use of small-scale manual techniques that are time consuming and dependent on human judgments. This article explores the use of machine learning algorithms and mathematical techniques for Internet-scale data mining and semantic discovery of news content that will enable researchers to mine, analyze, and visualize large-scale datasets. This research has the potential to inform the integration and application of data mining to address real-world socio-environmental issues, including water insecurity in the Southwestern United States. This paper establishes a formal definition of framing and proposes an approach for the discovery of distinct patterns that characterize prominent frames. The authors' experimental evaluation shows the proposed process is an effective approach for advancing semi-supervised machine learning and may assist in advancing tools for making sense of unstructured text.
Spatial Modeling and Geovisualization of Rental Prices for Real Estate portals
Authors: Schernthanner Harald , Asche Hartmut , Gonschorek Julia , Scheele Lasse
Published: March 2020

From a geoinformation science perspective real estate portals apply non-spatial methods to analyse and visualise rental price data. Their approach shows considerable shortcomings. Portal operators neglect real estate agents' mantra that exactly three things are important in real estates: location, location and location (Stroisch, 2010). Although real estate portals retacord the spatial reference of their listed apartments, geocoded address data is used insufficiently for analyses and visualisation, and in many cases the data is just used to “pin” map the listings. To date geoinformation science, spatial statistics and geovisualization play a minor role for real estate portals in analysing and visualising their housing data. This contribution discusses the analytical and geovisual status quo of real estate portals and addresses the most serious deficits of the employed non-spatial methods. Alternative analysing approaches from geostatistics, machine learning and geovisualization demonstrate potentials to optimise real estate portals´ analysing and visualisation capacities.
Machine Learning Methods as a Test Bed for EEG Analysis in BCI Paradigms
Authors: Mohanchandra Kusuma , Saha Snehanshu
Published: March 2020

Machine learning techniques, is a crucial tool to build analytical models in EEG data analysis. These models are an excellent choice for analyzing the high variability in EEG signals. The advancement in EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) demands advanced processing tools and algorithms for exploration of EEG signals. In the context of the EEG-based BCI for speech communication, few classification and clustering techniques is presented in this book chapter. A broad perspective of the techniques and implementation of the weighted k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Support vector machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT) and Random Forest (RF) is explained and their usage in EEG signal analysis is mentioned. We suggest that these machine learning techniques provides not only potentially valuable control mechanism for BCI but also a deeper understanding of neuropathological mechanisms underlying the brain in ways that are not possible by conventional linear analysis.
Bug Handling in Service Sector Software
Authors: Goyal Anjali , Sardana Neetu
Published: March 2020

The technology enabled service industry is emerging as the most dynamic sectors in world's economy. Various service sector industries such as financial services, banking solutions, telecommunication, investment management, etc. completely rely on using large scale software for their smooth operations. Any malwares or bugs in these software is an issue of big concern and can have serious financial consequences. This chapter addresses the problem of bug handling in service sector software. Predictive analysis is a helpful technique for keeping software systems error free. Existing research in bug handling focus on various predictive analysis techniques such as data mining, machine learning, information retrieval, optimisation, etc. for bug resolving. This chapter provides a detailed analysis of bug handling in large service sector software. The main emphasis of this chapter is to discuss research involved in applying predictive analysis for bug handling. The chapter also presents some possible future research directions in bug resolving using mathematical optimisation techniques.