bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Photoisomerization‐Activated Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Process for Broadband‐Tunable Single‐Mode Microlasers
Authors: Qiao Chan , Zhang Chunhuan , Zhou Zhonghao , Dong Haiyun , Du Yuxiang , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: June 2020

Miniaturized lasers with high spectral purity and wide wavelength tunability are crucial for various photonic applications. Here we propose a strategy to realize broadband‐tunable single‐mode lasing based on a photoisomerization‐activated intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) process in coupled polymer microdisk cavities. The photoisomerizable molecules doped in the polymer microdisks can be quantitatively transformed into a kind of laser dye with strong ICT character by photoexcitation. The gain region was tailored over a wide range through the self‐modulation of the optically activated ICT isomers. Meanwhile, the resonant modes shifted with the photoisomerization because of a change in the effective refractive index of the polymer microdisk cavity. Based on the synergetic modulation of the optical gain and microcavity, we realized the broadband tuning of the single‐mode laser. These results offer a promising route to fabricate broadband‐tunable microlasers towards practical photonic integrations.
Guanidin‐5,5′‐azotetrazolat: Ein farbenfrohes Chamäleon für halogenfreie Rauchsignale
Authors: Küblböck Teresa , Angé Gaspard , Bikelytė Greta , Pokorná Jiřina , Skácel Radovan , Klapötke Thomas M.
Published: June 2020

Ein fortschrittliches halogenfreies pyrotechnisches System wurde entwickelt, welches für die Erzeugung von farbigem Rauch in den Farben Rot, Violett, Gelb, Grün und Blau verwendet werden kann. Das stickstoffreiche Salz Guanidin‐5,5′‐azotetrazolat (GZT), welches in der Regel als Gasgenerator oder Treibstoff eingesetzt wird, wurde hierfür mit verschiedenen organischen Farbstoffen (Solvent Red 1, Solvent Violet 47, Solvent Green 3, Solvent Yellow 33) kombiniert. Die daraus resultierenden Zweikomponenten‐Rauchmischungen bieten nicht nur einen einfachen und sicheren Zugang zu farbigem Rauch, sondern kommen gänzlich ohne den Zusatz von Kaliumchlorat oder anderen gefährlichen Stoffen aus. Die Formulierungen wurden hinsichtlich der Brennzeit/Brennrate, der Rauchausbeute, der Transferrate und der energetischen Eigenschaften charakterisiert und mit klassischen chlorhaltigen Rauchsignalen verglichen. Bis heute ist kein vergleichbares System im Bereich der raucherzeugenden Pyrotechnik bekannt, wodurch ein komplett neues Forschungsgebiet eröffnet wird.
Guanidinium 5,5′‐Azotetrazolate: A Colorful Chameleon for Halogen‐Free Smoke Signals
Authors: Küblböck Teresa , Angé Gaspard , Bikelytė Greta , Pokorná Jiřina , Skácel Radovan , Klapötke Thomas M.
Published: June 2020

A progressive halogen‐free multicolored smoke system to obtain white, red, violet, yellow, green, and blue smoke color is presented. The nitrogen‐rich salt guanidinium 5,5′‐azotetrazolate (GZT), which is usually applied as a gas generator or propellant ingredient, was combined with different smoke dyes (Solvent Red 1, Solvent Violet 47, Solvent Green 3, Solvent Yellow 33). These two‐component smoke mixtures offer a convenient and safe multicolor approach without the need for potassium chlorate or any other hazardous material. The common smoke characteristics with respect to burn time/burn rate, yield factor, transfer rate, as well as energetic properties were determined and compared with classic chlorate‐based formulations currently used. To the best of our knowledge, nothing comparable is known in the literature and a completely new research area in modern pyrotechnics is opened.
Effects of magnetic force and non‐Newtonian characteristics on squeeze film bearings
Authors: Ramasamy Ponalagusamy
Published: June 2020

In the present article, the special effects of fluid inertia forces and magnetic field in circular squeeze film bearings greased with a time‐independent thixotropic non‐Newtonian fluid have been brought to the limelight. The pressure delivery and load carrying capacity representing the recitals of bearing have been calculated with the values of yield number, thixotropic parameter, power‐law index, Reynolds number, and Hartmann number. The squeeze film pressure and load carrying capacity are increased with the rise of yield number, power‐law index, Reynolds number, and Hartmann number whereas a reverse trend is shown with the increase of thixotropic parameter or a scalar structural parameter of materials. Based on the results obtained from the present study, the influence of thixotropic fluid enhances the pressure and load carrying capacity as compared to pseudo‐plastic, Newtonian, and dilatant fluids as lubricants.
Self‐healing supramolecular waterborne polyurethane dispersions with quadruple hydrogen bonds in main chain
Authors: Yang Ziyue , Sun Dongcheng
Published: June 2020

A facile method for preparing supramolecular waterborne polyurethane (WPU) based on quadruple hydrogen bonds (4H‐WPU) is reported. Herein, 4H‐WPU with quadruple hydrogen bonds in main chain were synthesized by poly (1,4‐buthylene‐neopentylene adipate glycol) as soft segment, 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidinone (UPy) functionalized monomer, isophorone diisocyanate, 2,2‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (hydrophilic monomer), isophorondiamine, triethylamine (neutralizer), and monoethanolamine (blocking agent) as hard segment. The molecular weight of 4H‐WPU was controlled around 18,000 consistently. The properties of 4H‐WPU with different content of hydrophilic group, hard segment, and UPy units were characterized and the results could provide the reference for preparing supramolecular WPU with high mechanical and self‐healing performance while maintaining dispersion stability. The tensile strength of 4H‐WPU was 10 times of the blank sample. The healing time of scratched 4H‐WPU film was inversely proportional to the content of UPy‐ functionalized monomer and the shortest healing time is 2.5 hr at 80°C. Mechanical performance of healed films can be restored to more than 90%.
Cinematic Rendering in Anatomy: A Crossover Study Comparing a Novel 3D Reconstruction Technique to Conventional Computed Tomography
Authors: Binder Johannes S. , Scholz Michael , Ellmann Stephan , Uder Michael , Grützmann Robert , Weber Georg F. , Krautz Christian
Published: June 2020

Integration of medical imaging into preclinical anatomy courses is already underway in many medical schools. However, interpretation of two‐dimensional grayscale images is difficult and conventional volume rendering techniques provide only images of limited quality. In this regard, a more photorealistic visualization provided by Cinematic Rendering (CR) may be more suitable for anatomical education. A randomized, two‐period crossover study was conducted from July to December 2018, at the University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany to compare CR and conventional computed tomography (CT) imaging for speed and comprehension of anatomy. Sixteen students were randomized into two assessment sequences. During each assessment period, participants had to answer 15 anatomy‐related questions that were divided into three categories: parenchymal, musculoskeletal, and vascular anatomy. After a washout period of 14 days, assessments were crossed over to the respective second reconstruction technique. The mean interperiod differences for the time to answer differed significantly between the CR–CT sequence (−204.21 ± 156.0 seconds) and the CT–CR sequence (243.33 ± 113.83 seconds; P < 0.001). Overall time reduction by CR was 65.56%. Cinematic Rendering visualization of musculoskeletal and vascular anatomy was higher rated compared to CT visualization (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003), whereas CT visualization of parenchymal anatomy received a higher scoring than CR visualization (P < 0.001). No carryover effects were observed. A questionnaire revealed that students consider CR to be beneficial for medical education. These results suggest that CR has a potential to enhance knowledge acquisition and transfer from medical imaging data in medical education.
A pseudo‐likelihood method for estimating misclassification probabilities in competing‐risks settings when true‐event data are partially observed
Authors: Mpofu Philani B. , Bakoyannis Giorgos , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Mwangi Ann W. , Mburu Margaret
Published: June 2020

Outcome misclassification occurs frequently in binary‐outcome studies and can result in biased estimation of quantities such as the incidence, prevalence, cause‐specific hazards, cumulative incidence functions, and so forth. A number of remedies have been proposed to address the potential misclassification of the outcomes in such data. The majority of these remedies lie in the estimation of misclassification probabilities, which are in turn used to adjust analyses for outcome misclassification. A number of authors advocate using a gold‐standard procedure on a sample internal to the study to learn about the extent of the misclassification. With this type of internal validation, the problem of quantifying the misclassification also becomes a missing data problem as, by design, the true outcomes are only ascertained on a subset of the entire study sample. Although, the process of estimating misclassification probabilities appears simple conceptually, the estimation methods proposed so far have several methodological and practical shortcomings. Most methods rely on missing outcome data to be missing completely at random (MCAR), a rather stringent assumption which is unlikely to hold in practice. Some of the existing methods also tend to be computationally‐intensive. To address these issues, we propose a computationally‐efficient, easy‐to‐implement, pseudo‐likelihood estimator of the misclassification probabilities under a missing at random (MAR) assumption, in studies with an available internal‐validation sample. We present the estimator through the lens of studies with competing‐risks outcomes, though the estimator extends beyond this setting. We describe the consistency and asymptotic distributional properties of the resulting estimator, and derive a closed‐form estimator of its variance. The finite‐sample performance of this estimator is evaluated via simulations. Using data from a real‐world study with competing‐risks outcomes, we illustrate how the proposed method can be used to estimate misclassification probabilities. We also show how the estimated misclassification probabilities can be used in an external study to adjust for possible misclassification bias when modeling cumulative incidence functions.
Safety of transradial access compared to transfemoral access with hemostatic devices (vessel plugs and suture devices) after percutaneous coronary interventions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chugh Yashasvi , Bavishi Chirag , Mojadidi Mohammad K. , Elgendy Islam Y. , Faillace Robert T. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Tamis‐Holland Jacqueline , Mamas Mamas , Chugh Sanjay Kumar
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Comparing the safety of transradial access (TRA) and conventional hemostasis with transfemoral access (TFA) and vascular closure devices (vessel plugs and suture devices) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.

Background

TRA for PCIs is associated with fewer bleeding and vascular complications compared with TFA. Vascular closure devices (VCD) are often used post TFA to establish early hemostasis and mitigate bleeding risk. However, the comparative efficacy of TRA and TFA with VCDs remains controversial.

Method

Electronic database were systematically searched for all pertinent studies from inception through January 2020. Randomized studies, registry data, and abstracts published in peer‐reviewed indexed journals were included. The short‐term outcomes: major bleeding, vascular complications, and closure device failure were evaluated. Random‐effects model was used to pool individual study results.

Results

Twelve studies (8 observational, 4 randomized) including 7,961 patients (TRA: 3,121 patients, TFA and vessel plugs: 3,157 patients, TFA & suture devices: 1,683 patients) were included in the analysis. Major bleeding was significantly lower with TRA compared with TFA and vessel plugs (odds ratio [OR] 0.22, 95%CI 0.11–0.44, p < .00001) and TFA & suture devices (OR 0.12, 95%CI 0.05–0.28, p < .00001). Vascular complications were significantly lower with TRA compared to TFA and vessel plugs (OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.13–0.49, p < .0001) and TFA & suture devices (OR 0.13, 95%CI 0.04–0.41, p = 0.0005). Rates of closure device failure were lower for TRA compared to TFA & suture devices (OR 0.13, 95%CI 0.04–0.41, p = .0005), but similar to TFA & vessel plugs (OR 0.23, 95%CI 0.01–4.28, p = .33), although confidence intervals were wide. All analysis revealed a low to moderate level of heterogeneity.

Conclusion

TRA with conventional hemostasis is safer than TFA with hemostasis via vessel plugs or suture devices and should be considered best practice.
Late onset of hemolytic uremic syndrome after the appearance of prodromal gastrointestinal tract symptoms
Authors: Hirata Chihiro , Kenzaka Tsuneaki , Akita Hozuka
Published: June 2020

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) may occur late after the onset and improvement of gastrointestinal tract symptoms. Clinicians need to carefully monitor for the onset of HUS, even if the patients have few symptoms.
Electron Storage Capability and Singlet Oxygen Productivity of a RuII Photosensitizer Containing a Fused Naphthaloylenebenzene Moiety at the 1,10‐Phenanthroline Ligand
Authors: Yang Yingya , Brückmann Jannik , Frey Wolfgang , Rau Sven , Karnahl Michael , Tschierlei Stefanie
Published: June 2020

As a novel rylene type dye a diimine ligand with a fully rigid and extended π‐system in its backbone was prepared by directly fusing a 1,10‐phenanthroline building block with 1,8‐naphthalimide. The corresponding heteroleptic ruthenium photosensitizer bearing one biipo and two tbbpy ligands was synthesized and extensively analyzed by a combination of NMR, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, steady‐state absorption and emission, time‐resolved spectroscopy and different electrochemical measurements supported by time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. The cyclic and differential pulse voltammograms revealed, that the naphthaloylenebenzene moiety enables an additional second reduction of the ligand. Moreover, this ligand possesses a very broad absorption in the visible region. In the RuII complex this causes an overlap of ligand‐centered and metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer transitions. The emission of the complex is clearly redshifted compared to the ligand emission with very long‐lived excited states lifetimes of 1.7 and 24.7 μs in oxygen‐free acetonitrile solution. This behavior is accompanied by a surprisingly high oxygen sensitivity. Finally, this photosensitizer was successfully applied for the effective evolution of singlet oxygen challenging some of the common RuII prototype complexes.
MOF‐Mediated Synthesis of Supported Fe‐Doped Pd Nanoparticles under Mild Conditions for Magnetically Recoverable Catalysis**
Authors: Darawsheh Mohanad D. , Mazarío Jaime , Lopes Christian W. , Giménez‐Marqués Mónica , Domine Marcelo E. , Meira Debora M. , Martínez Jordan , Mínguez Espallargas Guillermo , Oña‐Burgos Pascual
Published: June 2020

Metal–organic framework (MOF)‐driven synthesis is considered as a promising alternative for the development of new catalytic materials with well‐designed active sites. This synthetic approach is used here to gradually transform a new bimetallic MOF, with Pd and Fe as the metal components, by the in situ generation of aniline under mild conditions. This methodology results in a compositionally homogeneous nanocomposite formed by Fe‐doped Pd nanoparticles that, in turn, are supported on iron oxide‐doped carbon. The nanocomposite has been fully characterized by several techniques such as IR and Raman spectroscopy, TEM, XPS, and XAS. The performance of this nanocomposite as an heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogenation of nitroarenes and nitrobenzene coupling with benzaldehyde has been evaluated, proving it to be an efficient and reusable catalyst.
Homo‐ and Hetero‐dinuclear Arene‐Linked Osmium(II) and Ruthenium(II) Organometallics: Probing the Impact of Metal Variation on Reactivity and Biological Activity
Authors: Wilson Christopher S. , Prior Timothy J. , Sandland Jordon , Savoie Huguette , Boyle Ross W. , Murray Benjamin S.
Published: June 2020

Dinuclear metallodrugs offer much potential in the development of novel anticancer chemotherapeutics as a result of the distinct interactions possible with bio‐macromolecular targets and the unique biological activity that can result. Herein, we describe the development of isostructural homo‐dinuclear OsII–OsII and hetero‐dinuclear OsII–RuII organometallic complexes formed from linking the arene ligands of [M(η6‐arene)(C2O4)(PTA)] units (M=Os/Ru; PTA=1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane). Using these complexes together with the known RuII–RuII analogue, a chromatin‐modifying agent, we probed the impact of varying the metal ions on the structure, reactivity and biological activity of these complexes. The complexes were structurally characterised by X‐ray diffraction experiments, their stability and reactivity were examined by using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and their biological activity was assessed, alongside that of mononuclear analogues, through MTT assays and cell‐cycle analysis (HT‐29 cell line). The results revealed high antiproliferative activity in each case, with cell‐cycle profiles of the dinuclear complexes found to be similar to that for untreated cells, and similar but distinct profiles for the mononuclear complexes. These results indicate these complexes impact on cell viability predominantly through a non‐DNA‐damaging mechanism of action. The new OsII–OsII and OsII–RuII complexes reported here are further examples of a family of compounds operating via mechanisms of action atypical of the majority of metallodrugs, and which have potential as tools in chromatin research.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Chiral Supramolecular Polymer and Seeding Effect
Authors: Mukherjee Anurag , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: June 2020

H‐bonding driven J‐type aggregation and cooperative supramolecular polymerization of a sulfur‐substituted chiral naphthalene‐diimide (NDI)‐derivative (S,S)‐NDI‐2 in decane leads to remarkable enhancement of fluorescence quantum yield (43.3 % from 0.5 % in the monomeric state) and intense CPL signal in the aggregated state with a high luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) of 4.6×10−2. A mixture of NDI‐2 with a structurally similar NDI‐derivative NDI‐1 (mixture of racemic (S,S)‐ and (R,R)‐ isomers and the achiral derivative) in 1:9 (NDI‐2/NDI‐1) ratio, when heated and slowly cooled to room temperature, showed no enhanced CD band, indicating lack of any preferential helicity. However, when a monomeric solution of the NDI‐1 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was injected to preformed seed of NDI‐2 in decane, a prominent CD signal appeared, indicating chiral amplification resulting in induced CPL with highglumvalue of 2.0×10−2from mostly (>98.5 %) diastereomeric mixture.
Efficient Blue Phosphorescence in Gold(I)‐Acetylide Functionalized Coinage Metal Bis(amidinate) Complexes
Authors: Feuerstein Thomas J. , Seifert Tim P. , Jung André P. , Müller Rouven , Lebedkin Sergei , Kappes Manfred M. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: June 2020

The synthesis of linear symmetric ethynyl‐ and acetylide‐amidinates of the coinage metals is presented. Starting with the desilylation of the complexes [{Me3SiC≡CC(NDipp)2}2M2] (Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) (M=Cu, Au) it is demonstrated that this compound class is suitable to serve as a versatile metalloligand. Deprotonation with n‐butyllithium and subsequent salt metathesis reactions yield symmetric tetranuclear gold(I) acetylide complexes of the form [{(PPh3)AuC≡CC(NDipp)2}2M2] (M=Cu, Au). The corresponding Ag complex [{(PPh3)AuC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Ag2] was obtained by a different route via metal rearrangement. All compounds show bright blue or blue‐green microsecond long phosphorescence in the solid state, hence their photophysical properties were thoroughly investigated in a temperature range of 20–295 K. Emission quantum yields of up to 41 % at room temperature were determined. Furthermore, similar emissions with quantum yields of 15 % were observed for the two most brightly luminescent complexes in thf solution.
If you don't measure it, you can't improve it: Success and shortcomings of genomic assays in early breast cancer
Authors: Danciu Oana C. , Chen Zhengjia , Hoskins Kent F.
Published: June 2020

The ability of genomic assays to increase the number of women with early‐stage, hormone‐dependent breast cancer who can safely avoid chemotherapy has been firmly established. However, more research is needed to optimize available assays for underrepresented populations and to improve the accuracy of genomically informed prognostic and predictive tests.
Propensity score analysis of the prognostic value of genomic assays for breast cancer in diverse populations using the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Ibraheem Abiola , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Huo Dezheng
Published: June 2020

Background

Genomic assays such as Oncotype Dx (ODX) and MammaPrint are used for risk‐adapted treatment decisions among patients with early breast cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, concordance between genomic assays is modest. Using real‐world data, the authors performed a comparative analysis of ODX and MammaPrint.

Methods

A cohort of women diagnosed with early‐stage, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who received ODX or MammaPrint was established using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) for 2010 through 2016. Using the propensity score matching method, 2 groups of patients with similar clinical and demographic characteristics were defined: one group received ODX and the other received MammaPrint. The authors examined the association between use of the ODX or MammaPrint assays and overall survival using Cox models.

Results

Of the 451,693 eligible patients, approximately 45.3% received ODX and 1.8% received MammaPrint testing. The use of ODX increased from 36.1% in 2010 to 49.9% in 2016, whereas use of MammaPrint increased from 0.5% in 2010 to 3.3% in 2016. The authors matched 5042 patients who received ODX with 5042 patients who received MammaPrint. The 5‐year risks of death for the MammaPrint low‐risk group and the ODX low‐risk group were 3.4% and 4.7%, respectively. The prognostic value of MammaPrint was similar to that of ODX; the C‐index was 0.614 (95% confidence interval, 0.572‐0.657) for MammaPrint and 0.581 (95% confidence interval, 0.530‐0.631) for ODX. There was a difference in the performance of the ODX assay observed across racial and/or ethnic groups (P < .001), with a slightly better performance noted among white compared with African American and Hispanic individuals.

Conclusions

Both the ODX and MammaPrint tests are good at identifying low‐risk individuals who could be spared chemotherapy. The suboptimal performance of ODX in ethnic minority individuals deserves further investigation.
Lightweight edge‐based kNN privacy‐preserving classification scheme in cloud computing circumstance
Authors: Tan Yejin , Wu Wei , Liu Jian , Wang Huimei , Xian Ming
Published: June 2020

Because mobile terminals have limited computing and storage resources, individuals tend to outsource their data generated from mobile devices to clouds to do data operations. However, utilization of the abundant computation and storage resources of clouds may pose a threat to user's private data. In this paper, we focus on the issue of encrypted k‐nearest neighbor (kNN) classification on the cloud. In the past few years, many solutions were proposed to protect the user's privacy and data security. Unfortunately, most privacy‐preserving data mining schemes are not lightweight, which are not practical in real‐world applications. To solve this issue, we proposed a lightweight edge‐based kNN (EBkNN) classification scheme over encrypted cloud database utilizing edge computing technology. Our proposed scheme can provide several security guarantees: (i) user's data security, (ii) user's query privacy, and (iii) data access patterns. We analyzed the security of our scheme utilizing the semi‐honest security model and evaluated the performance using a synthetic dataset. The experiment results indicate that our scheme is more lightweight than the state‐of‐the‐art scheme.
The relationship between fraternal birth order and childhood sex‐atypical behavior among the Istmo Zapotec muxes
Authors: Gómez Jiménez Francisco R. , Semenyna Scott W. , Vasey Paul L.
Published: June 2020

Research on male androphilia (i.e., sexual attraction towards adult males) consistently finds that androphilic males tend to have more older biological brothers than males who are gynephilic (i.e., sexually attracted to adult females). This fraternal birth order effect (FBOE) has been well replicated among androphilic males who present publically in a male‐typical (cisgender) and a female‐typical (transgender) manner. There is some evidence that the FBOE is more pronounced among transgender androphilic males. However, no studies have directly compared both forms of male androphilia within the same culture. This study tested the FBOE, and its association with childhood sex‐atypical behavior (CSAB), among the Istmo Zapotec of Oaxaca, Mexico, where both forms of male androphilia are referred to as a third gender, muxes. Our results indicated that both cisgender muxe nguiiu (n = 124) and transgender muxe gunaa (n = 120) were more likely to be later born among brothers than gynephilic men (n = 194). However, the number of older brothers did not differentiate between transgender and cisgender muxes, nor did it predict CSAB among muxes. These findings replicate the FBOE among both cisgender and transgender muxes but show no evidence that it is more pronounced among transgender androphilic males.
Ruthenium Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Simple Aliphatic Ketones Using Ammonium Iodide and Hydrogen
Authors: Ghosh Tamal , Ernst Martin , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas
Published: June 2020

The direct conversion of ketones into chiral primary amines is a key transformation in chemistry. Here, we present a ruthenium catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination (ARA) of purely aliphatic ketones with good yields and moderate enantioselectivity: up to 99 % yield and 74 % ee. The strategy involves [Ru(PPh3)3H(CO)Cl] in combination with the ligand (S,S)‐f‐binaphane as the catalyst, NH4I as the amine source and H2 as the reductant. This is a straightforward and user‐friendly process to access industrially relevant chiral aliphatic primary amines. Although the enantioselectivity with this approach is only moderate, to the extent of our knowledge, the maximum ee of 74 % achieved with this system is the highest reported till now apart from enzyme catalysis for the direct transformation of ketones into chiral aliphatic primary amines.
Electroanalysis of Gallic and Ellagic Acids at a Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode Coupled with High‐performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Hayes Phyllis E. , Glennon Jeremy D. , Luong John H. T.
Published: June 2020

Electrochemistry of gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using a bare boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode. CVs indicate that the electro‐oxidation of both GA and EA are quasi‐reversible processes. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a BDD electrode poised at+1.4 V offers the limit of detection (LOD, S/N=3) of 60 and 200 nM for GA and EA, respectively. The optimized method was then applied to the detection of both acids in Islay, Highland and Scotch whiskeys, with the highest concentrations found in a 14‐year‐old Highland whiskey.
Degradation Behavior of Scalable Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells Assessed by Outdoor and Indoor ISOS Stability Protocols
Authors: Greenbank William , Djeddaoui Naas , Destouesse Elodie , Lamminaho Jani , Prete Michela , Boukezzi Larbi , Ebel Thomas , Bessissa Lakhdar , Rubahn Horst-Günter , Turkovic Vida , Madsen Morten
Published: June 2020

The development of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has led to dramatic improvements in the device efficiencies of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. To date it is, however, still unclear how those laboratory‐scale efficiencies transfer to commercial modules, and how stable these devices will be when processed via industrially compatible methods. Herein, the degradation behavior of lab‐scale and scalable OPV devices using similar nonfullerene‐based active layers is assessed. It is demonstrated that the scalable NFA OPV exhibits completely reversible degradation when assessed in ISOS‐O‐1 outdoor conditions, which is in contrast to the laboratory‐scale devices assessed via the indoor ISOS‐L‐2 protocol. Results from transient photovoltage (TPV) indicate the presence of charge trap formation, and a number of potential mechanisms are proposed for the selective occurrence of this in laboratory‐scale devices tested in ISOS‐L laboratory conditions—ultimately concluding that it has its origins in the different device architectures used. The study points at the risk of assessing active layer stability from laboratory‐scale devices and degradation studies alone and highlights the importance of using a diverse range of testing conditions and ISOS protocols for such assessment.
An integrated macroelement formulation for the dynamic response of inelastic deformable rocking bodies
Authors: Avgenakis Evangelos , Psycharis Ioannis N.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a macroelement formulation for the prediction of the planar dynamic response of inelastic deformable rocking bodies. The formulation is based on a previous macroelement developed by the authors able to describe the cyclic response of inelastic rocking bodies, which takes into account the deformability both along the height of the member, as well as near the rocking end. Modifications of this formulation to account for other motion modes of rocking members during their dynamic response, namely, sliding and upthrow, as well as modifications to account for damping in a uniform manner during the whole motion, including impacts, are introduced. The dynamic response predicted by the macroelement for free‐standing rigid and deformable rocking bodies is presented and compared with existing theoretical solutions, and the effect of deformability, damping, inelasticity, and friction on the response is discussed.
Control for the large section roadway under small abandoned mines in the same coal seam by secondary support
Authors: Tai Yang , Xia Hongchun , Liu Hongjie , Ma Zhanyuan , Zhang Yanqun
Published: June 2020

To control roadway under small abandoned mines in ultrathick coal seam, this paper analyzed its deformation and failure characteristics. As a result, the roadway occurred roof leakage and right rib extrusion. Based on above characteristics, the secondary support schemes were put forward. To predict the control effects of the roadway, a numerical model was built to analyze its deformation under the secondary support schemes. Besides, the industrial test was carried out. From the test and numerical simulation, a significant increase could be found in vertical stress and bearing capacity on ribs after the secondary support. Moreover, under the secondary support, the roof separations of roadway decreased more than 90%, while the lateral displacements of the roadway dropped over 85%. Based on the above, it was indicated that the deformation of the roadway could be well controlled.
Adaptive power allocation based beamforming algorithm for multiple input and multiple output nonorthogonal multiple access system throughput optimization
Authors: Nogueira Lobo de Carvalho Marcos , Assis Cardoso Alisson , Henrique Teles Vieira Flávio
Published: June 2020

The combination of nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) systems is considered a promising approach for 5G mobile communication networks. In addition, techniques such as user selection and beamforming could be applied to improve some parameters of system performance. In this context, we propose a joint user selection, adaptive power allocation, and beamforming algorithm for the downlink of massive MIMO NOMA systems in order to maximize the throughput of users. To this end, we present a novel optimal beamforming solution scheme based on the adaptive computation of signal power values to maximize system throughput, considering the less interfering users. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, simulations were performed considering different power allocation algorithms.
Environmental variation mediates the evolution of anticipatory parental effects
Authors: Lind Martin I. , Zwoinska Martyna K. , Andersson Johan , Carlsson Hanne , Krieg Therese , Larva Tuuli , Maklakov Alexei A.
Published: June 2020

Theory maintains that when future environment is predictable, parents should adjust the phenotype of their offspring to match the anticipated environment. The plausibility of positive anticipatory parental effects is hotly debated and the experimental evidence for the evolution of such effects is currently lacking. We experimentally investigated the evolution of anticipatory maternal effects in a range of environments that differ drastically in how predictable they are. Populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei, adapted to 20°C, were exposed to a novel temperature (25°C) for 30 generations with either positive or zero correlation between parent and offspring environment. We found that populations evolving in novel environments that were predictable across generations evolved a positive anticipatory maternal effect, because they required maternal exposure to 25°C to achieve maximum reproduction in that temperature. In contrast, populations evolving under zero environmental correlation had lost this anticipatory maternal effect. Similar but weaker patterns were found if instead rate-sensitive population growth was used as a fitness measure. These findings demonstrate that anticipatory parental effects evolve in response to environmental change so that ill-fitting parental effects can be rapidly lost. Evolution of positive anticipatory parental effects can aid population viability in rapidly changing but predictable environments.
Plasticity leaves a phenotypic signature during local adaptation
Authors: Radersma Reinder , Noble Daniel W.A. , Uller Tobias
Published: June 2020

Phenotypic responses to a novel or extreme environment are initially plastic, only later to be followed by genetic change. Whether or not environmentally induced phenotypes are sufficiently recurrent and fit to leave a signature in adaptive evolution is debated. Here, we analyze multivariate data from 34 plant reciprocal transplant studies to test: (1) if plasticity is an adaptive source of developmental bias that makes locally adapted populations resemble the environmentally induced phenotypes of ancestors; and (2) if plasticity, standing phenotypic variation and genetic divergence align during local adaptation. Phenotypic variation increased marginally in foreign environments but, as predicted, the direction of ancestral plasticity was generally well aligned with the phenotypic difference between locally adapted populations, making plasticity appear to "take the lead" in adaptive evolution. Plastic responses were sometimes more extreme than the phenotypes of locally adapted plants, which can give the impression that plasticity and evolutionary adaptation oppose each other; however, environmentally induced and locally adapted phenotypes were rarely misaligned. Adaptive fine-tuning of phenotypes—genetic accommodation—did not fall along the main axis of standing phenotypic variation or the direction of plasticity, and local adaptation did not consistently modify the direction or magnitude of plasticity. These results suggest that plasticity is a persistent source of developmental bias that shapes how plant populations adapt to environmental change, even when plasticity does not constrain how populations respond to selection.
Multitechnique dating of earthen irrigation canals at the La Playa site, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Cajigas Rachel , Quade Jay , Rittenour Tammy
Published: June 2020

La Playa (SON:F:10:3) is an archaeological site in Sonora, Mexico that contains the remains of an extensive preceramic earthen irrigation canal system. Modern floodplain erosion has destroyed the majority of these canals, but geoarchaeological investigations on areas of the system that remain reveal much about this early agricultural technology. Comprehensive dating using accelerator mass spectrometry14C on gastropods, charcoal, and soil humates and single‐grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on canal sediments revealed that multiple irrigation systems were used at La Playa during at least two periods during the Early Agricultural period (~750–350 B.C. and ~ A.D. 50–250).14C and OSL age estimates from canals are in agreement with the earliest direct dates on maize from La Playa (A.D. 20–240), indicating that the introduction of maize corresponds to a significant investment in the modification of the floodplain environment for canal irrigation. The late phase of canal use (~A.D. 50–250) occurs before destructive floodplain erosion at the site. This is contemporaneous with local cultural changes, including the development of a new ceramic tradition, changes in burial practices, and changing subsistence strategies. These results demonstrate the utility of the combined14C and OSL approach for dating ancient earthen canals.
Work‐sampling studies applied for unit rate determination of labour‐intensive tunneling processes
Authors: Gschösser Florian , Tautschnig Arnold , Auderer Stefan
Published: June 2020

Work‐sampling studies are typically applied to determine unit rates (a measure of construction labour productivity) for labour‐intensive building construction processes. This study analyses how this methodology can be adapted for application to labour‐intensive tunnelling processes, e.g. the construction of the inner lining. Therefore, first, the application of the work‐sampling methodology for typical building construction process (wall formwork processes for a classical reinforced concrete building structure) was analysed. On this basis, a detailed work‐sampling study for constructing the inner lining of a railway tunnel was prepared and performed. Thereby, the usage of a tablet computer was tested instead of analogue execution with paper forms. The study demonstrated that work‐sampling studies allow the determination of average unit rates of tunnelling processes (for specific project and construction properties). Furthermore, the methodology allows to identify detailed unit rates with the goal to demonstrate specific influences (e.g. disturbances), which can be further utilized in construction and site management as well as claim management processes, such as the determination of productivity losses. However, the double analysis carried out for the tunnel inner lining (reinforcing and tunnelling workforce) and the size of the analysed workforces (up to ten workers) showed the limits for a one‐person work‐sampling study.
Bewertung von Sinter und deren Bildungsbedingungen in Tunnelbauwerken der ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG – Ein Teilprojekt der Task Force Drainage
Authors: Eichinger Stefanie , Leis Albrecht , Boch Ronny , Seywald Christian , Dietzel Martin
Published: June 2020

Scale deposit formation in drainage systems of railway tunnels represents a major challenge for their functionality and maintenance. The removal of these scale deposits causes high costs and restrictions of system availability. Effective measures to reduce scale deposit formation range from specification of the composition and structure of building materials to the application of tailored prevention and cleaning strategies. This requires advanced knowledge of the origin and type of scale deposits. The aim of this study is a systematic compilation, characterization, classification, and evaluation of scale deposits in relation to their formation mechanisms and the influence of variable environmental factors. The scale deposits from the 16 investigated tunnels mainly consist of the minerals calcite, aragonite, brucite as well as iron (hydr)oxides and detrital components. Four major types of scale deposits are distinguished: (i) unconsolidated‐particulate, (ii) shard‐like, (iii) porous, and (iv) compact scales. Types (ii) to (iv) show clear indications of microbial activity affecting the formation and appearance of individual deposits by various metabolic processes. The determining factors for the formation of scales – in addition to the geogenic composition of the aqueous solutions in the drainage system (groundwater / surface water) – are the variable interaction of these waters with the binding agents of the building materials used and the tunnel atmosphere. Geogenic conditions and technical‐operational specifications of a tunnel determine the type and character of scale deposits, which can be actively influenced based on the case‐specific reaction mechanisms by individual adaptations of environmental conditions.
Sequencing and imputation in GWAS: Cost‐effective strategies to increase power and genomic coverage across diverse populations
Authors: Quick Corbin , Anugu Pramod , Musani Solomon , Weiss Scott T. , Burchard Esteban G. , White Marquitta J. , Keys Kevin L. , Cucca Francesco , Sidore Carlo , Boehnke Michael , Fuchsberger Christian
Published: June 2020

A key aim for current genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) is to interrogate the full spectrum of genetic variation underlying human traits, including rare variants, across populations. Deep whole‐genome sequencing is the gold standard to fully capture genetic variation, but remains prohibitively expensive for large sample sizes. Array genotyping interrogates a sparser set of variants, which can be used as a scaffold for genotype imputation to capture a wider set of variants. However, imputation quality depends crucially on reference panel size and genetic distance from the target population. Here, we consider sequencing a subset of GWAS participants and imputing the rest using a reference panel that includes both sequenced GWAS participants and an external reference panel. We investigate how imputation quality and GWAS power are affected by the number of participants sequenced for admixed populations (African and Latino Americans) and European population isolates (Sardinians and Finns), and identify powerful, cost‐effective GWAS designs given current sequencing and array costs. For populations that are well‐represented in existing reference panels, we find that array genotyping alone is cost‐effective and well‐powered to detect common‐ and rare‐variant associations. For poorly represented populations, sequencing a subset of participants is often most cost‐effective, and can substantially increase imputation quality and GWAS power.
Divergence between functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical indicators of language dominance in preoperative language mapping
Authors: Omisade Antonina , O'Grady Christopher , Sadler R. Mark
Published: June 2020

Accurate determination of hemispheric language dominance prior to epilepsy surgery is critically important to minimize cognitive morbidity. Functional MRI (fMRI) is a noninvasive method that is highly concordant with other clinical indicators of language laterality, and is now commonly used to confirm language dominance. However, there is also a high frequency of divergence between fMRI findings and other clinical indices that complicate determination of dominance and surgical decision‐making in individual patients. Despite this, divergent cases are rarely published or discussed. This article provides three illustrative examples to demonstrate common scenarios where fMRI may produce conflicting or otherwise difficult‐to‐interpret findings. We will also discuss potential reasons for divergence and propose a flow‐chart to aid clinical decision making in such situations.
Data‐driven integration of hippocampal CA1 synaptic physiology in silico
Authors: Ecker András , Romani Armando , Sáray Sára , Káli Szabolcs , Migliore Michele , Falck Joanne , Lange Sigrun , Mercer Audrey , Thomson Alex M. , Muller Eilif , Reimann Michael W. , Ramaswamy Srikanth
Published: June 2020

The anatomy and physiology of monosynaptic connections in rodent hippocampal CA1 have been extensively studied in recent decades. Yet, the resulting knowledge remains disparate and difficult to reconcile. Here, we present a data‐driven approach to integrate the current state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on the synaptic anatomy and physiology of rodent hippocampal CA1, including axo‐dendritic innervation patterns, number of synapses per connection, quantal conductances, neurotransmitter release probability, and short‐term plasticity into a single coherent resource. First, we undertook an extensive literature review of paired recordings of hippocampal neurons and compiled experimental data on their synaptic anatomy and physiology. The data collected in this manner is sparse and inhomogeneous due to the diversity of experimental techniques used by different groups, which necessitates the need for an integrative framework to unify these data. To this end, we extended a previously developed workflow for the neocortex to constrain a unifying in silico reconstruction of the synaptic physiology of CA1 connections. Our work identifies gaps in the existing knowledge and provides a complementary resource toward a more complete quantification of synaptic anatomy and physiology in the rodent hippocampal CA1 region.
Tertiary amines as vinyl source for the formations of aryl or pyrrole ring on amido‐substitued 1,4‐quinone with the assistance of palladium salt
Authors: Jhou Jia‐Nan , Cheng Chiu‐Wen , Hong Fung‐E
Published: June 2020

The one‐pot synthesis of 3‐isopropyl‐6‐methyl‐1H‐benzo[f]indole‐4,9‐dione (3e), N‐(4‐[isopentylamino]‐3,6‐dioxocyclohexa‐1,4‐dien‐1‐yl)acetamide (4d), 2‐(isopentylamino)‐6‐methylnaphthalene‐1,4‐dione (5b), and 2‐(4‐acetamido‐3,6‐dioxocyclohexa‐1,4‐dien‐1‐yl)‐N,N‐diisopentyl‐3‐methylbutanamide (6a) has been achieved via either pyrrol/aryl ring formations or amination reactions from the Pd(II)‐catalyzed reaction of N‐(3,6‐dioxocyclohexa‐1,4‐dien‐1‐yl)acetamide (2a_BQ) and in the presence of triisopentylamine. More 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐like derivatives were obtained while other trialkylamines were used. Crystal structures of 3d_O, 3e, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5b, and 6a were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. The 3‐ and 5‐like products reveal the formations of newly generated benzene rings with/without substitutions. The formation of 6a also implies an unusual reaction pathway of its generation. Based on the structural conformations of various 3‐like products, as well as 6a, mechanisms were proposed to account for the formations of these compounds. Various fascinating conformations of products observed in this work demonstrate the diversities of this type of reactions.
Effect of angiotensin II and angiotensin‐(1–7) on proliferation of stem cells from human dental apical papilla
Authors: Macedo Larissa M. , de Ávila Renato I. , Pedrino Gustavo R. , Colugnati Diego B. , Valadares Marize C. , Lima Eliana M. , Borges Clayton L. , Kitten Gregory T. , Gava Elisandra , Castro Carlos H.
Published: June 2020

The effects of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) on stem cells isolated from human dental apical papilla (SCAPs) are completely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify RAS components expressed in SCAPs and the effects of angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang‐(1–7) on cell proliferation. SCAPs were collected from third molar teeth of adolescents and maintained in cell culture. Messenger RNA expression and protein levels of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, and Mas, Ang II type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) receptors were detected in SCAPs. Treatment with either Ang II or Ang‐(1–7) increased the proliferation of SCAPs. These effects were inhibited by PD123319, an AT2 antagonist. While Ang II augmented mTOR phosphorylation, Ang‐(1–7) induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, SCAPs produce the main RAS components and both Ang II and Ang‐(1–7) treatments induced cell proliferation mediated by AT2 activation through different intracellular mechanisms.