bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Colonialism in Greenland
Authors: Binachon Martin , Johnstone Rachael Lorna , Wood Jonathan
Published: April 2022

How do Greenlanders experience colonialism today? How can Greenland decolonise? Do Inughuit (Greenlanders from Avanersuaq, or the far northwest of Greenland) experience colonialism differently? How did the Reconciliation Commission contribute to decolonisation in Greenland? How do Greenlanders’ opinions influence decisions about resource activities?
Seeking Community Consent for Resource Development in Greenland
Authors: Wood Jonathan
Published: April 2022

One of the major topics in Greenland’s politics in recent years has been the decision to develop, or not, some of the most abundant deposits of rare earth elements (REEs) on the planet. The upsides are plenty: less dependence on the Danish block grant, increased independence for Greenland, strategic alliances with Western nations and more. However, there are also downsides, such as destroying some of the little arable land Greenland has, disrupting ways of life, threatening food security, and putting more pressure on the healthcare system with new workers and maybe even unexpected illnesses from mining pollution. But how do Greenlanders feel about these changes? And do the consultation processes listen to their opinions?
Sacred Sites in the Arctic North and Beyond: The Challenges of Protecting Cultural Heritage and Living Traditions in a Multitude of Contexts and Cultures
Authors: Joy Francis
Published: April 2022

The foundation for what is to be presented below has much value as a discourse in today’s academia because of the ways in which the research and study of sacred sites are effected and encountered within a multitude of contexts, including religious studies, anthropology, art, and philosophy of law. These fields are represented in the twelve extended abstracts published hereby, and they outline a variety of subject matters pertaining to sacred sites as well as the need for raising awareness about their status, the critical functions and the many roles that they play in connection with local peoples, traditions, beliefs and practices, many of which have become endangered.
“To be or not to be”? Tourism development plans and the voice of the river
Authors: Stammler-Gossmann Anna
Published: April 2022

The distinctiveness of the place located by the river is “sensed together” by locals and outsiders – the Amma River has an iconic status as the most beautiful and the cleanest river in the whole region of the Republic of Sakha Yakutia. The small village in the Churapcha District, with its dramatic watery scenery, picturesque natural surroundings, and sandy shores, has attracted more and more non-organized tourists in recent times. However, since 2007, the municipal and regional strategic plans for ‘developing’ the local tourism sector have endured on paper. These intentions are a matter of particular sensitivity in the community that strongly relates to the location’s distinct atmosphere, its genius loci, which holds itself firmly, and the local people explicitly shelter that. It is an affinity with their place, defined by the river’s omnipresence, which locals express by saying: “we are river-people”.
Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Outcome Programme (ASSOP) Annual Report 2020
Authors: Coombs Geoffrey W , Daley Denise A , Yee Nicholas WT , Shoby Princy , Mowlaboccus Shakeel
Published: April 2022

From 1 January to 31 December 2020, forty-nine institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Outcome Programme (ASSOP). The aims of ASSOP 2020 were to determine the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) isolates in Australia that were antimicrobial resistant, with particular emphasis on susceptibility to methicillin; and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the methicillin-resistant isolates. A total of 2,734 SAB episodes were reported, of which 79.7% were community-onset. Of S. aureus isolates, 17.6% were methicillin resistant. The 30-day all-cause mortality associated with methicillin-resistant SAB was 14.2%, which was not significantly different from the 13.3% mortality associated with methicillin-susceptible SAB (p = 0.6). With the exception of the β-lactams and erythromycin, antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was rare. However, in addition to the β-lactams, approximately 35% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were resistant to erythromycin, 33% to ciprofloxacin, 13% to tetracycline, 13% to gentamicin and 4% to co-trimoxazole. When applying the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints, teicoplanin resistance was detected in four S. aureus isolates. Resistance was not detected for vancomycin and linezolid. Resistance to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials was largely attributable to two healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) clones: ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) and ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA). The ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) clone is the predominant HA-MRSA clone in Australia. However, 85% percent of methicillin-resistant SAB isolates were community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) clones. Although polyclonal, approximately 77% of CA-MRSA clones were characterised as: ST93-IV [2B] (Queensland CA-MRSA); ST5-IV [2B]; ST45-V [5C2&5]; ST1-IV [2B]; ST30-IV [2B]; ST8-IV [2B]; and ST97-IV [2B]. The CA-MRSA clones, in particular ST45-V [5C2&5], have acquired multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants including ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and tetracycline. The multi-resistant ST45-V [5C2&5] clone accounted for 11.0% of CA-MRSA. As CA-MRSA is well established in the Australian community, it is important to monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns in community- and healthcare-associated SAB as this information will guide therapeutic practices in treating S. aureus sepsis.
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury : The Epidemiology in Korea
Authors: Park Eun Suk , Yang Hui-Jun , Park Jun Bum
Published: April 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death in the pediatric population in Korea. In addition, it can cause disability in children and adolescents, with physical and mental consequences. This causes a substantial burden on the health care system and occurs globally and not just in Korea. We searched and reviewed current data on the epidemiologic characteristics of pediatric TBI in Korea. Our review provides the recent epidemiological trend mainly focusing on incidence and mortality along with worldwide reported data. This review will be helpful to understand the global epidemiology of pediatric TBI and its differences between countries.
Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury : Updated Management
Authors: Ha Eun Jin
Published: April 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children. Survivors of severe TBI are more susceptible to functional deficits, resulting in disability, poor quality of life, cognitive decline, and mental health problems. Despite this, little is known about the pathophysiology of TBI in children and how to manage it most effectively. Internationally, efforts are being made to expand knowledge of pathophysiology and develop practical clinical treatment recommendations to improve outcomes. Here we discuss recently updated evidence and management of severe pediatric TBI.
Head Injury during Childbirth
Authors: Chong Sangjoon
Published: April 2022

Head injuries are the most common type of birth injuries. Among them, most of the injuries is limited to the scalp. and the prognosis is good enough to be unnoticed in some cases. Intracranial injuries caused by excessive forces during delivery are rare. However, since some of them can be fatal, it is necessary to suspect it at an early stage and evaluate thoroughly if there are abnormal findings in the patient.
Culture, trade and establishment of Polypterus senegalus in Indonesia with first record of wild populations
Authors: Akmal SG , Yonvitner  , Jerikho R , Yulianda F , Wardiatno Y , Novák J , Kalous L , Slavík O , Patoka J
Published: April 2022

The African grey bichir Polypterus senegalus is a popular ornamental fish in Indonesia. Pet trade with this species is increasing, and aquaculture production is well established. Here we present a detailed market survey and volume of domestic trade, export and import between January 2018 and February 2021. Climate similarity between the native range of P. senegalus and Indonesia was analysed by the MaxEnt algorithm. A significant number of areas of numerous Indonesian islands were identified as suitable for survival and establishment of this fish. This was confirmed by the records of 3 likely established populations in rivers in Java and Sumatra, where both wild type and albino juveniles were captured. The occurrence of more feral populations was suggested by local fishermen in Kalimantan, Java, and Lombok islands; however, verification via future field trips is required. The culture of P. senegalus is unregulated in Indonesia, and the potential risk of establishment of this predatory fish and its potential spread in this Southeast Asian country is alarming for wildlife managers. Although a total ban seems the best solution, an alternative risk mitigation strategy with minimal negative effects on the socio-economic situation in local communities is more feasible. The albino phenotype of P. senegalus is probably less of a risk because of its easier detection by predators, higher sensitivity to disease and stress, and disrupted social behaviour. Since albinos are popular in Indonesia, replacing the wild phenotype with this potentially less invasive phenotype could be a recommendation after experimental confirmation of the lower invasiveness of albinos.
Sanayi ve Akademide Yürütülen Ar-Ge Faaliyetlerinin Verimliliği Üzerine Analitik Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Ankaralı Arif , Afşar Mustafa Atakan , Yeşilay Ramazan
Published: April 2022

Araştırma ve Geliştirme (Ar-Ge) faaliyetleri, hızla gelişen teknoloji nedeniyle ülkeler için önemlidir.Ar-Ge çalışmaları, personel giderleri, gelişen teknolojinin zorluğu, riskin yüksek olması gibi nedenlerlegenellikle diğer çalışmalara göre daha maliyetlidir. Firmaların Ar-Ge kültürünü güçlendirmek için herülke çeşitli kurumlarla projeleri desteklemekte ve onları Ar-Ge yapmaya teşvik etmektedir. Ülkeler içinkritik teknolojiler coğrafyaya, topluma ve gelişmişlik düzeyine göre farklılık gösterir. Dolayısıylaülkelerin Ar-Ge teşvik mekanizmalarında farklılıklar olması doğaldır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde sosyal refahdaha yüksek olduğu için özel sektör Ar-Ge harcamaları daha yüksektir. Bu nedenle gelişmiş ülkelerdekiAr-Ge projeleri daha kolay ürün haline gelebilmekte ve pazara daha hızlı girebilmektedir. Bu çalışmadagelişmiş ülkelerde ve ülkemizde yürütülen Ar-Ge desteklerinin etkinliği ve toparlanması incelenmiş,zayıf ve güçlü yönleri vurgulanmıştır
Control in Boolean Networks With Model Checking
Authors: Cifuentes-Fontanals Laura , Tonello Elisa , Siebert Heike
Published: April 2022

Understanding control mechanisms in biological systems plays a crucial role in important applications, for instance in cell reprogramming. Boolean modeling allows the identification of possible efficient strategies, helping to reduce the usually high and time-consuming experimental efforts. Available approaches to control strategy identification usually focus either on attractor or phenotype control, and are unable to deal with more complex control problems, for instance phenotype avoidance. They also fail to capture, in many situations, all possible minimal strategies, finding instead only sub-optimal solutions. In order to fill these gaps, we present a novel approach to control strategy identification in Boolean networks based on model checking. The method is guaranteed to identify all minimal control strategies, and provides maximal flexibility in the definition of the control target. We investigate the applicability of the approach by considering a range of control problems for different biological systems, comparing the results, where possible, to those obtained by alternative control methods.
Genetic Evidences of Biosurfactant Production in Two Bacillus subtilis Strains MB415 and MB418 Isolated From Oil Contaminated Soil
Authors: Yasmin Azra , Aslam Fozia , Fariq Anila
Published: April 2022

Biosurfactants are a diverse group of amphiphilic compounds obtained from microbes. In the present study, the genomic analysis of biosurfactant-producing Bacillus subtilis MB415 and MB418 obtained from oil-contaminated soil was performed. Initially, the strains were screened for biosurfactant production by hemolytic assay, emulsification index, and oil displacement. Further FTIR analysis of extracted biosurfactants revealed the presence of lipopeptides. The sequenced genomes of MB415 and MB418 were of 4.2 Mbps with 43% GC content. Among more than 4,500 protein-coding genes, many were involved in virulence, metal/multidrug resistances, flagella assembly, chemotactic response, and aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenases. An annotation analysis revealed that both genomes possessed non-ribosomal synthetase gene clusters for the lipopeptide synthetases srf and fen responsible for surfactin and fengycin production. Comparative studies of both genomes highlighted variability in gene operons mainly for surfactin biosynthesis.
Aortic Leaflet Stresses Are Substantially Lower Using Pulmonary Visceral Pleura Than Pericardial Tissue
Authors: Chen Ye , Lu Xiao , Luo Haoxiang , Kassab Ghassan S.
Published: April 2022

Background: Porcine heart and bovine pericardium valves, which are collagen-based with relatively little elastin, have been broadly utilized to construct bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs). With a larger proportion of elastin, the pulmonary visceral pleura (PVP) has greater elasticity and could potentially serve as an advantageous biomaterial for the construction/repair of BHVs. The question of how the aortic valve’s performance is affected by its bending rigidity has not been well studied.

Methods: Based on the stress–strain relationships of the pericardium and PVP determined by planar uni-axial tests, a three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid–structure interaction (FSI) framework is employed to numerically investigate the aortic valve’s performance by considering three different cases with Young’s modulus as follows: E=375, 750, and 1500 kPa, respectively.

Results: The stroke volumes are 112, 99.6, and 91.4 ml as Young’s modulus increases from 375 to 750 and 1500 kPa, respectively. Peak geometric opening area (GOA) values are 2.3, 2.2, and 2.0 cm2 for E=375, 750, and 1500 kPa, respectively. The maximum value of the aortic leaflet stress is about 271 kPa for E=375 kPa, and it increases to about 383 and 540 kPa for E=750 and 1500 kPa in the belly region at the peak systole, while it reduces from 550 kPa to 450 and 400 kPa for E=375, 750, and 1500 kPa, respectively, at the instant of peak “water-hammer”.

Conclusion: A more compliant PVP aortic leaflet valve with a smaller Young’s modulus, E, has a higher cardiac output, larger GOA, and lower hemodynamic resistance. Most importantly, the aortic leaflet stresses are substantially lower in the belly region within the higher compliance PVP aortic valve tissue during the systole phase, even though some stress increase is also found during the fast-closing phase due to the “water-hammer” effect similar to that in the pericardial tissue. Future clinical studies will be conducted to test the hypothesis that the PVP-based valve leaflets with higher compliance will have lower fatigue or calcification rates due to the overall lower stress.
Adapting Physiology in Functional Human Islet Organogenesis
Authors: Yoshihara Eiji
Published: April 2022

Generation of three-dimensional (3D)-structured functional human islets is expected to be an alternative cell source for cadaveric human islet transplantation for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), offer infinite resources for newly synthesized human islets. Recent advancements in hPSCs technology have enabled direct differentiation to human islet-like clusters, which can sense glucose and secrete insulin, and those islet clusters can ameliorate diabetes when transplanted into rodents or non-human primates (NHPs). However, the generated hPSC-derived human islet-like clusters are functionally immature compared with primary human islets. There remains a challenge to establish a technology to create fully functional human islets in vitro, which are functionally and transcriptionally indistinguishable from cadaveric human islets. Understanding the complex differentiation and maturation pathway is necessary to generate fully functional human islets for a tremendous supply of high-quality human islets with less batch-to-batch difference for millions of patients. In this review, I summarized the current progress in the generation of 3D-structured human islets from pluripotent stem cells and discussed the importance of adapting physiology for in vitro functional human islet organogenesis and possible improvements with environmental cues.
Recombinant Limb Assay as in Vivo Organoid Model
Authors: García-García Roberto Damián , Garay-Pacheco Estefanía , Marín-Llera Jessica Cristina , Chimal-Monroy Jesús
Published: April 2022

Organ formation initiates once cells become committed to one of the three embryonic germ layers. In the early stages of embryogenesis, different gene transcription networks regulate cell fate after each germ layer is established, thereby directing the formation of complex tissues and functional organs. These events can be modeled in vitro by creating organoids from induced pluripotent, embryonic, or adult stem cells to study organ formation. Under these conditions, the induced cells are guided down the developmental pathways as in embryonic development, resulting in an organ of a smaller size that possesses the essential functions of the organ of interest. Although organoids are widely studied, the formation of skeletal elements in an organoid model has not yet been possible. Therefore, we suggest that the formation of skeletal elements using the recombinant limb (RL) assay system can serve as an in vivo organoid model. RLs are formed from undissociated or dissociated-reaggregated undifferentiated mesodermal cells introduced into an ectodermal cover obtained from an early limb bud. Next, this filled ectoderm is grafted into the back of a donor chick embryo. Under these conditions, the cells can receive the nascent embryonic signals and develop complex skeletal elements. We propose that the formation of skeletal elements induced through the RL system may occur from stem cells or other types of progenitors, thus enabling the study of morphogenetic properties in vivo from these cells for the first time.
A Novel Antimalarial Metabolite in Erythrocyte From the Hydroxylation of Dihydroartemisinin by Cunninghamella elegans
Authors: Bai Yue , Zhao Yifan , Gao Xinna , Zhang Dong , Ma Yue , Yang Lan , Sun Peng
Published: April 2022

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide with prominent antimalarial efficacy, which was discovered by Professor Youyou Tu through the reduction of artemisinin in the 1970s. It is always a challenging work for scientists to investigate the metabolites of DHA in the red blood cells due to the complicated matrix background. As a bottleneck, the investigation of metabolites, especially exploring the pharmacodynamic material in the red blood cell, is necessary and significant for metabolism research of antimalarial agent. Recently, microbial transformation provides a green and economical means for mimicking mammal metabolism and synthesis active metabolites, based on which is one efficient route for drug discovery. In this study, a strain from Cunninghamella was employed as an efficient tool to explore active metabolites of DHA in erythrocyte. Microbial transformation products of DHA by Cunninghamella elegans CICC 40250 were detected and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF)-mass spectrometry (MSE), and the main products were isolated and identified. The antimalarial activity of the isolated products was also screened in vitro. Totally, nine products were discovered through UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE, and three main products with novel chemical structures were isolated for the first time, which were also detected in red blood cells as the metabolites of DHA. After evaluation, 7β-hydroxydihydroartemisinin (M1) exhibited a good antimalarial activity with an IC50 value of 133 nM against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf.) 3D7. The structure and stereo-configuration of novel compound M1 were validated via X-ray single crystal diffraction. Microbial transformation was firstly employed as the appropriate model for metabolic simulation in erythrocyte of DHA. Three novel metabolites in erythrocyte were obtained for the first time through our microbial model, and one of which was found to show moderate antimalarial activity. This work provided a new research foundation for antimalarial drug discovery.
Transport Characteristics of Interfacial Charge in SiC Semiconductor–Epoxy Resin Packaging Materials
Authors: Chen Chi , Li Jiaxing , Wang Xia , Wu Kai , Cheng Chuanhui , Wang Chuang , Fu Yuwei
Published: April 2022

The silicon carbide (SiC) wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor power device has been widely applied for its excellent properties. However, the charge accumulated in the interface of SiC semiconductor-related insulation packaging may lead to serious material performance degradation and failure, threatening the reliability and operation life of power devices. In this research, interface charge accumulation characteristics of SiC–epoxy resin double-layered material were investigated, and space charge injection, transport, and accumulation mechanisms, as well as the related temperature effect for the SiC–epoxy resin under polarization and depolarization conditions, were studied by the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) technique. The results show that a charge peak appears between the SiC–epoxy resin interface, which shows the same polarity as the SiC side electrode. Charge injects from the SiC electrode, transports along with the SiC semiconductor bulk due to the high mobility, and is blocked by the interface barrier. In addition, under high temperature and high electrical stress conditions, obvious charge accumulation occurs inside the epoxy resin bulk, which was captured by the deep traps. The charge accumulation of the SiC-insulation packaging material can influence the operation of the power device and should attract more attention.
Spontaneous Water Radical Cation Oxidation at Double Bonds in Microdroplets
Authors: Qiu Lingqi , Morato Nicolás M. , Huang Kai-Hung , Cooks R. Graham
Published: April 2022

Spontaneous oxidation of compounds containing diverse X=Y moieties (e.g., sulfonamides, ketones, esters, sulfones) occurs readily in organic-solvent microdroplets. This surprising phenomenon is proposed to be driven by the generation of an intermediate species [M+H2O]+·: a covalent adduct of water radical cation (H2O+·) with the reactant molecule (M). The adduct is observed in the positive ion mass spectrum while its formation in the interfacial region of the microdroplet (i.e., at the air-droplet interface) is indicated by the strong dependence of the oxidation product formation on the spray distance (which reflects the droplet size and consequently the surface-to-volume ratio) and the solvent composition. Importantly, based on the screening of a ca. 21,000-compound library and the detailed consideration of six functional groups, the formation of a molecular adduct with the water radical cation is a significant route to ionization in positive ion mode electrospray, where it is favored in those compounds with X=Y moieties which lack basic groups. A set of model monofunctional systems was studied and in one case, benzyl benzoate, evidence was found for oxidation driven by hydroxyl radical adduct formation followed by protonation in addition to the dominant water radical cation addition process. Significant implications of molecular ionization by water radical cations for oxidation processes in atmospheric aerosols, analytical mass spectrometry and small-scale synthesis are noted.
The Predictive Value of the Perivascular Adipose Tissue CT Fat Attenuation Index for Coronary In-stent Restenosis
Authors: Qin Bin , Li Zhengjun , Zhou Hao , Liu Yongkang , Wu Huiming , Wang Zhongqiu
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To investigate the association between the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) fat attenuation index (FAI) derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and the prevalence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients with coronary stent implantation.

Methods

A total of 117 patients with previous coronary stenting referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were enrolled in this retrospective observational analysis. All patients underwent CCTA between July 2016 and November 2021. The deep learning-based (DL-based) method was used to analyze and measure the peri-stent FAI value. Additionally, the relationship between hematological and biochemical parameters collected from all the patients was also explored. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was applied to the most useful feature selection, and binary logistic regression was used to test the association between the selected features and ISR. The predictive performance for ISR of the identified subgroups was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operator curves plotted for each model. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation of peri-stent FAI values with degrees of ISR.

Results

The peri-stent FAI values in the ISR group were significantly higher than those in the non-ISR group (−78.1 ± 6.2 HU vs. −87.2 ± 7.3 HU, p < 0.001). The predictive ISR features based on the LASSO analysis were peri-stent FAI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), with an AUC of 0.849, 0.632, 0.620, and 0.569, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis determined that peri-stent FAI was uniquely and independently associated with ISR after adjusting for other risk factors (odds ratio [OR] 1.403; 95% CI: 1.211 to 1.625; p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the AUCs of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), left circumflex coronary artery (LCx), and right coronary artery (RCA) stents groups were 0.80, 0.87, and 0.96, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated a term moderately correlation between ISR severity and peri-stent FAI values (r = 0.579, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The peri-stent FAI can be used as an independently non-invasive biomarker to predict ISR risk and severity after stent implantation.
Analysis of Clinical Features of Kounis Syndrome Induced by Cephalosporin
Authors: Fang Weijin , Song Liying , Deng Zhenzhen , Sun Wei , Li Zuojun , Wang Chunjiang
Published: April 2022

Background

Cephalosporins are an increasingly encountered cause of Kounis syndrome. The present study examined the clinical features of cephalosporin-induced Kounis syndrome and provided references for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis.

Methods

We collected cephalosporin-induced Kounis syndrome case reports by searching Chinese and English databases from the establishment of the database to October 31, 2021.

Results

Twenty-five patients (17 males and eight females) were included, with a median age of 61 years (range 33–92). Cephalosporins were administered via oral, intravenous and intramuscular routes. All reactions occurred within 30 min, except in two patients. Fourteen patients experienced chest pain, 19 experienced hypotension, 16 had cutaneous reactions, 10 had respiratory symptoms, and seven had gastrointestinal symptoms. Thirteen patients had elevated troponin levels, and eight patients had elevated serum tryptase levels. The electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation in 13 patients, depression in four patients, and elevation and depression in six patients. Coronary angiography showed normal results in 12 patients and abnormal results in 13 patients. The skin prick test was positive for cephalosporin in three patients. Twenty-four of the 25 patients recovered after being given anti-allergic and acute coronary syndrome treatment, and there was one death.

Conclusions

Kounis syndrome is a serious adverse reaction to cephalosporin. Clinicians should consider Kounis syndrome in every patient receiving cephalosporin and presenting with acute chest pain or anaphylactic symptoms.
Automated Segmentation of Olivine Phenocrysts in a Volcanic Rock Thin Section Using a Fully Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Leichter Artem , Almeev Renat R. , Wittich Dennis , Beckmann Philipp , Rottensteiner Franz , Holtz Francois , Sester Monika
Published: April 2022

An example of automated characterization and interpretation of the textural and compositional characteristics of solids phases in thin sections using machine learning (ML) is presented. In our study, we focus on the characterization of olivine in volcanic rocks, which is a phase that is often chemically zoned with variable Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios, so-called magnesian number or mg#. As the olivine crystals represent only less than 10 vol% of the volcanic rock, a pre-processing step is necessary to automatically detect the phases of interest in the images on a pixel level, which is achieved using Deep Learning. A major contribution of the presented approach is to use backscattered electron (BSE) images to: 1) automatically segment all olivine crystals present in the thin section; 2) determine quantitatively their mg#; and 3) identify different populations depending on zoning type (e.g., normal vs reversal zoning) and textural characteristics (e.g., microlites vs phenocrysts). The segmentation of the olivine crystals is implemented with a pretrained fully convolutional neural network model with DeepLabV3 architecture. The model is trained to identify olivine crystals in backscattered electron images using automatically generated training data. The training data are generated automatically from images which can easily be created from X-Ray element maps. Once the olivines are identified in the BSE images, the relationship between BSE intensity value and mg# is determined using a simple regression based on a set of microprobe measurements. This learned functional relationship can then be applied to all olivine pixels of the thin section. If the highest possible map resolution (1 micron per 1 pixel) is selected for the data acquisition, the full processing time of an entire thin section of ∼3×4cm containing more than 1,500 phenocrysts and 20.000 microliths required 140 h of data acquisition (BSE + X-Ray element maps), 8 h of training and 16 h of segmentation and classification. Our further tests demonstrated that the 140 h of data acquisition can be reduced at least by a factor of 4 since only a part of the thin section area (25% or even less) needs to be used for training. The characterization of each additional thin section would only require the BSE data acquisition time (less than 48 h for a whole thin section), without an additional training step. The paper describes the training and processing in detail, shows analytical results and outlines the potential of this Deep Learning approach for petrological applications, resulting in the automatic characterization and interpretation of mineral textures and compositions with an unprecedented high resolution.
Boron Incorporation in Silicate Melt: Pressure-induced Coordination Changes and Implications for B Isotope Fractionation
Authors: Drewitt James W. E. , Bromiley Geoffrey D.
Published: April 2022

Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to investigate the nature of boron incorporation in a haplobasalt melt at pressures up to 8 GPa. At ambient pressure, boron is predominantly incorporated as trigonal planar BO3 units. With increasing pressure, the proportion of tetrahedral BO4 increases markedly in parallel with increases in the coordination of other cations in silicate liquids. In contrast to studies of high-pressure boron-rich silicate glasses and liquids where boron units are polymerized, simulations of low B-concentration liquid here indicate that boron does not adopt a significant role as a network-forming cation. Marked changes in the proportion of BO4 in silicate melt at even moderate pressures (from 5 to 20%, over the pressure range 0–3 GPa) imply that pressure may significantly affect the extent of melt/fluid and melt/crystal boron isotope fractionation. This pressure-effect should be considered when using boron isotope data to elucidate processes occurring within the mantle.
Integrating the Role of Green Fiscal Policies With Energy Prices Volatility and Energy Efficiency: Presenting a COVID-19 Perspective
Authors: Yin Qingyan , Anser Muhammad Khalid , Abbas Shujaat , Ashraf Junaid , Ahmad Munir , Jamshid Junaid , Osabohien Romanus
Published: April 2022

Energy and other related sectors are changing in China. This study attempted to estimate the energy product price volatility with energy efficiency during COVID-19 with the role of green fiscal policies. For this, we applied unit-root tests, ADCC-GARCH, and CO-GARCH techniques to infer the study findings. The results showed that energy price volatility was significantly connected until 2018. More so, the green fiscal policies were significantly connected between energy product price volatility and energy efficiency during COVID-19 (2019–2020). From energy products, the crude oil price volatility was significant at 16.4%, heating oil volatility was significant at 18.2%, natural oil price volatility was 9.7%, gasoline price volatility was 28.7%, and diesel price volatility was 34.1% significant with energy efficiency, due to the intervening role of green fiscal policies. The findings of this study are robust in comparison to previous studies. Multiple stakeholders can take guidelines from the findings of the recent study. As per our best understanding and knowledge, if suggested recommendations are implemented effectively, these results will help to enhance energy efficiency through green fiscal policies in the post-COVID period.
Synthesis of Micron-Sized NiAl/NiCoAl-Layered Double Hydroxides via a Facile Double Hydrolysis Dropping Method for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Huang Xiaowei , Xiang Wenfeng , Yao Jiangfeng , Xi Jianfeng
Published: April 2022

The transition metal-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for high-performance supercapacitor applications were synthesized by the double hydrolysis dropping method. We found that the dropping sequence of the cation and anion solutions has a strong influence on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LDHs. The NiAl LDHs obtained by dropping the Ni2+ solution into the AlO2- solution have obvious layered structures with a particle size of the order of micrometers. They are different from those LDHs prepared by the conventional double hydrolysis method and hydrothermal method. The specific capacity of the NiAl LDHs is about 615 C g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, which is almost twice that of the sample synthesized by the traditional double hydrolysis method (339 C g−1). It is indicated that the performance of the NiAl LDHs is improved by the dropping method. Moreover, an excellent cyclic stability of 83.3% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles at 3 A g−1 was achieved. In addition, the trimetallic NiCoAl LDHs have been synthesized successfully by the dropping method. The results showed that the addition of Co effectively enhanced the electrochemical properties of LDHs. The optimal NiCoAl LDHs display an excellent specific capacity of 990 C g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. This work offers an efficient and facile route, without hydrothermal treatment or adscititious alkali sources, to fabricating LDHs for boosting energy storage capabilities.
Data-Driven Fast Voltage Control in Non-DPMU Distribution Networks With Microgrids
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Rong Yan , Liang Dong , Zhao Yikang , Liu Yixin , Gu Bin
Published: April 2022

Traditional voltage control methods for distribution networks assume perfect knowledge of the power system model. Nevertheless, the extensive scale of future distribution networks makes it unrealistic to acquire the overall operation state monitoring. Moreover, with the deregulation of distribution networks, partial controllable resources belong to independent systems, such as microgrids, causing distribution system operators unable to force them to provide voltage support directly. To cope with the previously mentioned problems, a data-driven fast voltage control method for distribution networks with MGs is proposed in this article. First, voltage sensitivity matrices are estimated indirectly by identifying line parameters in a regression approach, without using measurement data of distribution phasor measurement units (DPMUs) in distribution networks. Then, an incomplete information game model is proposed to motivate MGs to provide ancillary services of voltage control. To guarantee privacy, only a little key information is shared among MGs and distribution system operators. Moreover, MGs make voltage control strategies autonomously based on the data-driven deep reinforcement learning algorithms, while maximizing their own profits. Finally, we test the method on the modified IEEE 33-node networks and IEEE 123-node networks. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide an accurate voltage estimation in electricity markets with non-DPMU measurement data and increase energy and asset utilization.
Evaluation on the Impact of General Industrial and Commercial Electricity Price Reduction: A Case Study of Fujian Province
Authors: Cai Qiyuan , Chen Han , Xiang Kangli , Lin Changyong , Wu Wei
Published: April 2022

The reduction of general industrial and commercial prices is an important measure to further improve the business environment and stimulate market vitality. It is of great significance to study the impact of general industrial and commercial electricity price adjustment on the economy for promoting electricity price reform. Based on the policy of adjusting the general industrial and commercial electricity price issued by relevant national departments and provincial governments, this study takes Fujian province as an example and uses the provincial CGE model to analyze the impact of the reduction of the general industrial and commercial electricity price on the macro economy, the output and producer price of various industries, and the electricity consumption. The simulation results show that the reduction of general industrial and commercial electricity prices has a positive impact on the economy. A 25% cut in electricity prices increases GDP by about 0.0935%. The reduction in electricity prices promoted the growth of output and producer prices of most industries. In addition, the reduction of electricity price has a positive effect on the total social electricity consumption, among which the tertiary industry saw the biggest increase in electricity consumption. Based on the simulation results, the policy suggestions are put forward.
Industrial Structure, Environmental Pressure and Ecological Resilience of Resource-Based Cities-Based on Panel Data of 24 Prefecture-Level Cities in China
Authors: Chen Yating , Wang Hongmei
Published: April 2022

Based on 432 sets of data from three resource-based provinces in China, Anhui, Shanxi, and Sichuan, a fixed-effects model was established using panel data for empirical analysis to investigate the relationship between industrial structure, environmental pressure, and ecological resilience of resource-based cities, using entropy value method and principal component analysis to measure the industrial structure, environmental pressure and ecological resilience of resource-based cities. It is found that for resource-based cities, the economic growth mainly relies on the development of the secondary industry, which is primarily dependent on local natural resources. The empirical results show that the regional industrial structure has a significant negative impact on the cities’ ecological resilience, and the regional industrial structure has a significant positive effect on their environmental pressure. The article enriches the study of urban resilience theory and clarifies the relationship between industrial structure and environmental pressure on urban ecological resilience, which is of guiding significance to further promote the green development of resource-based cities.
Ecological Drivers of Habitat Use by Meso Mammals in a Miombo Ecosystem in the Issa Valley, Tanzania
Authors: D’Ammando Giacomo , Caro Tim , Oelze Vicky M. , Phillips Seth , Sime Payton , Stewart Fiona A. , Piel Alexander K.
Published: April 2022

Vast stretches of East and Southern Africa are characterized by a mosaic of deciduous woodlands and evergreen riparian forests, commonly referred to as “miombo,” hosting a high diversity of plant and animal life. However, very little is known about the communities of small-sized mammals inhabiting this heterogeneous biome. We here document the diversity and abundance of 0.5–15 kg sized mammals (“meso-mammals”) in a relatively undisturbed miombo mosaic in western Tanzania, using 42 camera traps deployed over a 3 year-period. Despite a relatively low diversity of meso-mammal species (n = 19), these comprised a mixture of savanna and forest species, with the latter by far the most abundant. Our results show that densely forested sites are more intensely utilized than deciduous woodlands, suggesting riparian forest within the miombo matrix might be of key importance to meso-mammal populations. Some species were captured significantly more often in proximity to (and sometimes feeding on) termite mounds (genus Macrotermes), as they are a crucial food resource. There was some evidence of temporal partitioning in activity patterns, suggesting hetero-specific avoidance to reduce foraging competition. We compare our findings to those of other miombo sites in south-central Africa.
Evolution and Trade-Off in the Multifunctional Cultivated Land System in Henan Province, China: From the Perspective of the Social-Ecological System
Authors: Niu Pu , Zhou Jiaxin , Yang Yongfang , Xia Yutian
Published: April 2022

Cultivated land is a compound social-ecological system with the highest dependence on human beings. With changes in human demand, the function of the cultivated land system has undergone profound transformation. In this study, we analyze the development and evolution of cultivated land system functions, with the aim of providing decision-making support for national macro-management. Drawing on social-ecological system theory, and using multi-factor comprehensive analysis, ArcGIS spatial analysis, and a gray correlation model, this research evaluates the multifunctional temporal and spatial differences in the cultivated land system in 113 counties in Henan Province, China and analyzes their driving factors. The results show that: (1) the overall function of the cultivated system in Henan Province has obvious stage characteristics over the past 20 years, with the cultivated land function index being low from 1998 to 2013, and gradually increasing after 2013; (2) the trend of the cultivated land function has a progressive character, with the function index fluctuating from 0.3 to 0.6; (3) There is an obvious hierarchy among the sub-functions, showing the public role of production function, economic contribution function, employment guarantee function, food security guarantee function, and ecological security maintenance function; (4) Coordination analysis shows that there are trade-offs and synergies between sub-functions and the overall functions of the system; (5) Gray correlation analysis shows that urbanization, industrialization, agricultural modernization and agricultural policies play an important driving role in the evolution of cultivated land functions. These results not only provide a methodological and scientific basis for the evaluation, management and decision-making of cultivated land systems, but also provide a theoretical exploration of how the transformation of cultivated land goals can be integrated with sustainable development goals.
Efficient Approximation of Statistical Significance in Local Trend Analysis of Dependent Time Series
Authors: Shan Ang , Zhang Fang , Luan Yihui
Published: April 2022

Biological time series data plays an important role in exploring the dynamic changes of biological systems, while the determinate patterns of association between various biological factors can further deepen the understanding of biological system functions and the interactions between them. At present, local trend analysis (LTA) has been commonly conducted in many biological fields, where the biological time series data can be the sequence at either the level of gene expression or OTU abundance, etc., A local trend score can be obtained by taking the similarity degree of the upward, constant or downward trend of time series data as an indicator of the correlation between different biological factors. However, a major limitation facing local trend analysis is that the permutation test conducted to calculate its statistical significance requires a time-consuming process. Therefore, the problem attracting much attention from bioinformatics scientists is to develop a method of evaluating the statistical significance of local trend scores quickly and effectively. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to evaluate the efficient approximation of statistical significance in the local trend analysis of dependent time series, and the effectiveness of the new method is demonstrated through simulation and real data set analysis.