bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global climate forcing driven by altered BVOC fluxes from 1990 to 2010 land cover change in maritime Southeast Asia
Authors: Harper Kandice L. , Unger Nadine
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Over the period of 1990–2010, maritime Southeast Asia experienced large-scale
land cover changes, including expansion of high-isoprene-emitting oil palm
plantations and contraction of low-isoprene-emitting natural forests. The
ModelE2-Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere global chemistry–climate
model is used to quantify the atmospheric composition changes, and for the
first time, the associated radiative forcing induced by the
land-cover-change-driven biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission
changes (+6.5 TgC y−1 isoprene, −0.5 TgC y−1 monoterpenes).
Regionally, surface-level ozone concentrations largely decreased (−3.8 to
+0.8 ppbv). The tropical land cover changes occurred in a region of strong
convective transport, providing a mechanism for the BVOC perturbations to
affect the composition of the upper troposphere. Enhanced concentrations of
isoprene and its degradation products are simulated in the upper troposphere,
and, on a global-mean basis, land cover change had a stronger impact on ozone
in the upper troposphere (+0.5 ppbv) than in the lower troposphere (<0.1 ppbv increase). The positive climate forcing from ozone changes
(+9.2 mW m−2) was partially offset by a negative forcing
(−0.8 mW m−2) associated with an enhancement in secondary organic
aerosol (SOA). The sign of the net forcing is sensitive to uncertainty in the
SOA yield from BVOCs. The global-mean ozone forcing per unit of regional oil
palm expansion is +1 mW m−2 Mha−1. In light of expected
continued expansion of oil palm plantations, regional land cover changes may
play an increasingly important role in driving future global ozone radiative
forcing.
Three years of measurements of light-absorbing aerosols over coastal Namibia: seasonality, origin, and transport
Authors: Formenti Paola , Piketh Stuart John , Namwoonde Andreas , Klopper Danitza , Burger Roelof , Cazaunau Mathieu , Feron Anaïs , Gaimoz Cécile , Broccardo Stephen , Walton Nicola , Desboeufs Karine , Siour Guillaume , Hanghome Mattheus , Mafwila Samuel , Omoregie Edosa , Junkermann Wolfgang , Maenhaut Willy
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Continuous measurements between July 2012 and
December 2015 at the Henties Bay Aerosol Observatory (HBAO; 22∘ S,
14∘05′ E), Namibia, show that, during the austral wintertime,
transport of light-absorbing black carbon aerosols occurs at low level into
the marine boundary layer. The average of daily concentrations of equivalent
black carbon (eBC) over the whole sampling period is 53 (±55) ng m−3. Peak values above 200 ng m−3 and up to
800 ng m−3 occur seasonally from May to August, ahead of the dry
season peak of biomass burning in southern Africa (August to October).
Analysis of 3-day air mass back-trajectories show that air masses from the
South Atlantic Ocean south of Henties Bay are generally cleaner than air
having originated over the ocean north of Henties Bay, influenced by the
outflow of the major biomass burning plume, and from the continent, where
wildfires occur. Additional episodic peak concentrations, even for oceanic
transport, indicate that pollution from distant sources in South Africa and
maritime traffic along the Atlantic ship tracks could be important. While we
expect the direct radiative effect to be negligible, the indirect effect on
the microphysical properties of the stratocumulus clouds and the deposition
to the ocean could be significant and deserve further investigation,
specifically ahead of the dry season.
Laser frequency stabilization based on an universal sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS instrumentation for the potential application in atmospheric Lidar
Authors: Zhou Yueting , Liu Jianxing , Guo Songjie , Zhao Gang , Ma Weiguang , Cao Zhensong , Dong Lei , Zhang Lei , Yin Wangbao , Wu Yongqian , Xiao Liantuan , Ove Axner , Jia Suotang
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Lidar is an effective tool for high altitude atmospheric measurement in which a weak absorption line for the target gas is selected to ensure a large optical depth. The laser frequency stabilization to the line center is required and a sub-Doppler (sD) spectroscopy of the target line is preferred as a frequency reference. In this paper, a novel universal sD NICE-OHMS instrumentation based on a fiber coupled optical single-sideband electro-optic-modulator (f-SSM) for the potential application in atmospheric Lidar is reported. The f-SSM can replace all frequency actuators in the system, so as to eliminate the individual design of feedback servos that often are tailored for each laser. The universality of the instrumentation was demonstrated by the alternative use of either an Er-doped fiber laser or a whispering gallery mode laser. Then the instruments based on both lasers were used to produce the sD signals of acetylene which worked as a frequency reference to stabilize the laser. By performing the lockings, relative frequency stabilizations of 8.3 × 10−13 and 7.5 × 10−13 at integration time of 240 s were demonstrated.
Electron mirror branch: observational evidence from “historical” AMPTE-IRM and Equator-S measurements
Authors: Treumann Rudolf A. , Baumjohann Wolfgang
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Based on now “historical” magnetic observations, supported by few available
plasma data, and wave spectra from the AMPTE-IRM spacecraft, and also on
“historical” Equator-S high-cadence magnetic field observations of mirror
modes in the magnetosheath near the dayside magnetopause, we present
observational evidence for a recent theoretical evaluation by
Noreen et al. (2017) of the contribution of a global (bulk) electron
temperature anisotropy to the evolution of mirror modes, giving rise to a
separate electron mirror branch. We also refer to related low-frequency lion
roars (whistlers) excited by the trapped resonant electron component
in the high-temperature anisotropic collisionless plasma of the
magnetosheath. These old data most probably indicate that signatures of the
anisotropic electron effect on mirror modes had indeed already been observed
long ago in magnetic and wave data, though they had not been recognised as such.
Unfortunately either poor time resolution or complete lack of plasma data
would have inhibited the confirmation of the required pressure
balance in the electron branch for unambiguous confirmation of a separate
electron mirror mode. If confirmed by future high-resolution observations
(like those provided by the MMS mission), in both cases the large mirror mode
amplitudes suggest that mirror modes escape quasilinear saturation, being in
a state of weak kinetic plasma turbulence. As a side product, this casts
as erroneous the frequent claim that the excitation of lion roars (whistlers)
would eventually saturate the mirror instability by depleting the bulk
temperature anisotropy. Whistlers, excited in mirror modes, just flatten the
anisotropy of the small population of resonant electrons responsible for
them, without having any effect on the global electron-pressure anisotropy,
which causes the electron branch and by no means at all on the ion-mirror
instability. For the confirmation of both the electron mirror branch and its
responsibility for trapping of electrons and resonantly exciting
high-frequency whistlers, also known as lion roars, high time- and energy-resolution
observations of electrons (as provided for instance by MMS) are required.
Comparison of gravity wave propagation directions observed by mesospheric airglow imaging at three different latitudes using the M-transform
Authors: Perwitasari Septi , Nakamura Takuji , Kogure Masaru , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Ejiri Mitsumu K. , Shiokawa Kazuo
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We developed user-friendly software based on Matsuda et al.'s (2014) 3D-FFT
method (Matsuda-transform, M-transform) for airglow imaging data analysis as
a function of Interactive Data Language (IDL). Users can customize the range
of wave parameters to process when executing the program. The input for this
function is a 3-D array of a time series of a 2-D airglow image in
geographical coordinates. We applied this new function to mesospheric airglow
imaging data with slightly different observation parameters obtained for the
period of April–May at three different latitudes: Syowa Station, the
Antarctic (69∘ S, 40∘ E); Shigaraki, Japan (35∘ N,
136∘ E); and Tomohon, Indonesia (1∘ N, 122∘ E).
The day-to-day variation of the phase velocity spectrum at the Syowa Station
is smaller and the propagation direction is mainly westward. In Shigaraki,
the day-to-day variation of the horizontal propagation direction is larger
than that at the Syowa Station; the variation in Tomohon is even larger. In
Tomohon, the variation of the nightly power spectrum magnitude is remarkable,
which indicates the intermittency of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs). The
average nightly spectrum obtained from April–May shows that the dominant
propagation is westward with a phase speed <50 m s−1 at the Syowa Station and
east-southeastward with a phase speed of up to ∼80 m s−1 in
Shigaraki. The day-to-day variation in Tomohon is too strong to discuss
average characteristics; however, a phase speed of up to ∼100 m s−1 and faster is observed. The corresponding background wind
profiles derived from MERRA-2 indicate that wind filtering plays a
significant role in filtering out waves that propagate eastward at the Syowa
Station. On the other hand, the background wind is not strong enough to
filter out relatively high-speed AGWs in Shigaraki and Tomohon and the
dominant propagation direction is likely related to the
distribution and characteristics of the source region, at least in April and May.
Estimates of climate system properties incorporating recent climate change
Authors: Libardoni Alex G. , Forest Chris E. , Sokolov Andrei P. , Monier Erwan
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Historical time series of surface temperature and ocean heat content changes
are commonly used metrics to diagnose climate change and estimate properties
of the climate system. We show that recent trends, namely the slowing of
surface temperature rise at the beginning of the 21st century and the
acceleration of heat stored in the deep ocean, have a substantial impact on
these estimates. Using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Earth System
Model (MESM), we vary three model parameters that influence the behavior of
the climate system: effective climate sensitivity (ECS), the effective ocean
diffusivity of heat anomalies by all mixing processes (Kv), and the net
anthropogenic aerosol forcing scaling factor. Each model run is compared to
observed changes in decadal mean surface temperature anomalies and the trend
in global mean ocean heat content change to derive a joint probability
distribution function for the model parameters. Marginal distributions for
individual parameters are found by integrating over the other two parameters.
To investigate how the inclusion of recent temperature changes affects our
estimates, we systematically include additional data by choosing periods that
end in 1990, 2000, and 2010. We find that estimates of ECS increase in
response to rising global surface temperatures when data beyond 1990 are
included, but due to the slowdown of surface temperature rise in the early
21st century, estimates when using data up to 2000 are greater than when data
up to 2010 are used. We also show that estimates of Kv increase in
response to the acceleration of heat stored in the ocean as data beyond 1990
are included. Further, we highlight how including spatial patterns of surface
temperature change modifies the estimates. We show that including latitudinal
structure in the climate change signal impacts properties with spatial
dependence, namely the aerosol forcing pattern, more than properties defined
for the global mean, climate sensitivity, and ocean diffusivity.
Ecosystem fluxes of carbonyl sulfide in an old-growth forest: temporal dynamics and responses to diffuse radiation and heat waves
Authors: Rastogi Bharat , Berkelhammer Max , Wharton Sonia , Whelan Mary E. , Meinzer Frederick C. , Noone David , Still Christopher J.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) has recently emerged as a tracer for terrestrial
carbon uptake. While physiological studies relating OCS fluxes to leaf
stomatal dynamics have been established at leaf and branch scales and
incorporated into global carbon cycle models, the quantity of data from
ecosystem-scale field studies remains limited. In this study, we employ
established theoretical relationships to infer ecosystem-scale plant OCS
uptake from mixing ratio measurements. OCS fluxes showed a pronounced diurnal
cycle, with maximum uptake at midday. OCS uptake was found to scale with
independent measurements of CO2 fluxes over a 60 m tall old-growth
forest in the Pacific Northwest of the US (45∘49′13.76′′ N,
121∘57′06.88′′ W) at daily and
monthly timescales under mid–high light conditions across the growing season
in 2015. OCS fluxes were strongly influenced by the fraction of downwelling
diffuse light. Finally, we examine the effect of sequential heat waves on
fluxes of OCS, CO2, and H2O. Our results bolster previous
evidence that ecosystem OCS uptake is strongly related to stomatal dynamics,
and measuring this gas improves constraints on estimating photosynthetic
rates at the ecosystem scale.
Current rapid global temperature rise linked to falling SO2 emissions
Authors: Cowern Nick E. B.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. It is widely held that global temperature variations on time scales of a decade or less are primarily caused by internal climate variability, with smaller contributions from changes in external climate forcing such as solar irradiance. This paper shows that observed variations in global mean surface temperature, TGS, and ocean heat content (OHC) during the last 1–2 decades imply major changes in climate forcing during this period. In a first step, two independent methods are used to evaluate global temperature corrected for ocean–atmosphere heat exchange. El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) corrected TGS (written as TGS) is shown to agree closely with a novel temperature metric θ that combines uncorrected TGS with scaled OHC. This agreement rules out a substantial 21st-century contribution to TGS from ocean-atmosphere heat exchange. In contrast to TGS, the time series TGS (t) provides a clear fingerprint of transient global cooling associated with major volcanic eruptions, enabling a more accurate empirical estimate of the climate response of the global mean surface. This allows more accurate estimation of the net climate forcing by stratospheric aerosols and solar irradiance, which is then subtracted from TGS (t) to determine the underlying signal of anthropogenic global warming. Key features of this signal are a slowdown from the late 1990s to 2011 – corresponding to the well known climate hiatus – and a subsequent sharp upturn indicating a steep increase in anthropogenic climate forcing. It is argued that the only plausible cause for this increase is a large fractional decrease in tropospheric aerosol cooling. This attribution is supported by satellite-based observations of a > 50 % decrease in SO2 emissions from large sources during the last six years. It suggests that current clean-air policies and replacement of coal by natural gas are driving a significant human made climatic event, 2–4 times faster than greenhouse driven warming alone. If confirmed, this implies a considerably shortened timescale to meet the IPCC 1.5 °C objective, with major implications for near-term carbon emission policies.
OCTOPUS: an open cosmogenic isotope and luminescence database
Authors: Codilean Alexandru T. , Munack Henry , Cohen Timothy J. , Saktura Wanchese M. , Gray Andrew , Mudd Simon M.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We present a database of cosmogenic radionuclide and luminescence measurements
in fluvial sediment. With support from the Australian National Data Service
(ANDS) we have built infrastructure for hosting and maintaining the data at
the University of Wollongong and making this available to the research
community via an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)-compliant web service. The
cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) part of the database consists of 10Be
and 26Al measurements in modern fluvial sediment samples from
across the globe, along with ancillary geospatial vector and raster layers,
including sample site, basin outline, digital elevation model, gradient
raster, flow-direction and flow-accumulation rasters, atmospheric pressure
raster, and CRN production scaling and topographic shielding factor rasters.
Sample metadata are comprehensive and include all necessary information for
the recalculation of denudation rates using CAIRN, an open-source
program for calculating
basin-wide denudation rates from 10Be and 26Al data.
Further all data have been recalculated and harmonised using the same
program. The luminescence part of the database consists of
thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
measurements in fluvial sediment samples from stratigraphic sections and
sediment cores from across the Australian continent and includes ancillary
vector and raster geospatial data. The database can be interrogated and
downloaded via a custom-built web map service. More advanced interrogation
and exporting to various data formats, including the ESRI Shapefile and
Google Earth's KML, is also possible via the Web Feature Service (WFS)
capability running on the OCTOPUS server. Use of open standards also ensures
that data layers are visible to other OGC-compliant data-sharing services.
OCTOPUS and its associated data curation framework provide the opportunity
for researchers to reuse previously published but otherwise unusable CRN and
luminescence data. This delivers the potential to harness old but valuable
data that would otherwise be lost to the research community. OCTOPUS can be
accessed at https://earth.uow.edu.au (last access: 28 November 2018).
The individual data collections can also be accessed via the following DOIs:
https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5a8367feac9b2 (CRN International),
https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5a836cdfac9b5 (CRN Australia), and
https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5a836db1ac9b6 (OSL & TL Australia).
Quantitative stratigraphic analysis in a source-to-sink numerical framework
Authors: Ding Xuesong , Salles Tristan , Flament Nicolas , Rey Patrice
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The sedimentary architecture at continental margins reflects the interplay between the rate of change of accommodation creation (δA) and the rate of change of sediment supply (δS). As a result, stratigraphic interpretation increasingly focuses on understanding the link between deposition patterns and changes in δA/δS. Here, we use the landscape modelling framework pyBadlands to assess the respective performance of two well-established stratigraphic interpretation techniques: the trajectory analysis method and the accommodation succession method. In contrast to most Stratigraphic Forward Models (SFMs), pyBadlands provides self-consistent sediment supply to basin margins as it simulates erosion, sediment transport and deposition in a source-to-sink context. We present a landscape evolution that takes into account periodic sea level variations and passive margin thermal subsidence over 30 million years, under uniform rainfall. We implement the two aforementioned approaches to interpret the resulting depositional cycles at the continental margin. We first apply both the trajectory analysis and the accommodation succession methods to manually map key stratigraphic surfaces and define stratigraphic units from shelf-edge (or offlap break) trajectories, stratal terminations and stratal geometries. We then design a set of post-processing numerical tools to calculate shoreline and shelf-edge trajectories, the temporal evolution of changes in accommodation and sedimentation, and automatically produce stratigraphic interpretations. Comparing manual and automatic stratigraphic interpretations reveals that the results of the trajectory analysis method depend on time-dependent processes such as thermal subsidence whereas the accommodation succession method does not. In addition to reconstructing stratal stacking patterns, the tools we introduce here make it possible to quickly extract Wheeler diagrams and synthetic cores at any location within the simulated domain. Our work provides an efficient and flexible quantitative sequence stratigraphic framework to evaluate the main drivers (climate, sea level and tectonics) controlling sedimentary architectures and investigate their respective roles in sedimentary basins development.
Implementation of the sectional aerosol module SALSA into the PALM model system 6.0: Model development and first evaluation
Authors: Kurppa Mona , Hellsten Antti , Roldin Pontus , Kokkola Harri , Tonttila Juha , Auvinen Mikko , Kent Christoph , Kumar Prashant , Maronga Björn , Järvi Leena
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Urban pedestrian-level air quality is a result of an interplay between turbulent dispersion conditions, background concentrations and heterogeneous local emissions of air pollutant and their transformation processes. Still, the complexity of these interactions cannot be resolved by the commonly used air quality models. By embedding the sectional aerosol module SALSA to the large-eddy simulation model PALM, a novel, high-resolution, urban aerosol modelling framework has been developed. The first model evaluation study on the vertical variation of aerosol number concentration and size distribution in a simple street canyon without vegetation in Cambridge, UK, shows excellent agreement with measurements. Dispersion conditions and local emissions govern the pedestrian-level aerosol number concentrations. Out of different aerosol processes, dry deposition is shown to decrease the total number concentration by over 20 %, while condensation and dissolutional increase the total mass by over 10 %. Following the model development, the application of PALM can be extended to local- and neighbourhood-scale air pollution and aerosol studies that require a detailed solution of the ambient flow field.
Toward a conceptual framework of hyporheic exchange across spatial scales
Authors: Magliozzi Chiara , Grabowski Robert C. , Packman Aaron I. , Krause Stefan
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Rivers are not isolated systems but interact continuously with groundwater
from their confined headwaters to their wide lowland floodplains. In the last
few decades, research on the hyporheic zone (HZ) has increased appreciation
of the hydrological importance and ecological significance of connected river
and groundwater systems. While recent studies have investigated hydrological,
biogeochemical and ecohydrological processes in the HZ at bedform
and reach scales, a comprehensive understanding of process-based interactions
between factors operating at different spatial and temporal scales driving
hyporheic exchange flows (HEFs) at reach scale and larger is still missing.
Therefore, this review summarizes the factors and processes at catchment,
valley, and reach scales that interact to control spatial and temporal
variations in hyporheic exchange flows. By using a multi-scale perspective,
this review connects field observations and modelling studies to identify the
process driving patterns and dynamics of HEF. Finally, the influence of
process interactions over multiple spatial scales is illustrated in a case
study, supported by new GIS analyses, which highlights the importance of
valley-scale factors to the expression of HEF at the reach scale. This
conceptual framework will aid the development of approaches to interpret
hyporheic exchange across scales, infer scaling relationships, and inform
catchment management decisions.
Analysis of combined and isolated effects of land-use and land-cover changes and climate change on the upper Blue Nile River basin's streamflow
Authors: Mekonnen Dagnenet Fenta , Duan Zheng , Rientjes Tom , Disse Markus
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Understanding responses by changes in land use and land cover
(LULC) and climate over the past decades on streamflow in the upper Blue
Nile River basin is important for water management and water resource
planning in the Nile basin at large. This study assesses the long-term
trends of rainfall and streamflow and analyses the responses of steamflow to
changes in LULC and climate in the upper Blue Nile River basin. Findings of
the Mann–Kendall (MK) test indicate statistically insignificant increasing
trends for basin-wide annual, monthly, and long
rainy-season rainfall but no
trend for the daily, short rainy-season, and dry season rainfall. The Pettitt test did
not detect any jump point in basin-wide rainfall series, except for daily
time series rainfall. The findings of the MK test for daily, monthly, annual, and
seasonal streamflow showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
Landsat satellite images for 1973, 1985, 1995, and 2010 were used for LULC
change-detection analysis. The LULC change-detection findings indicate
increases in cultivated land and decreases in forest coverage prior to 1995,
but forest area increases after 1995 with the area of cultivated land that decreased. Statistically, forest coverage changed from 17.4 % to 14.4%, by 12.2 %, and by 15.6 %, while cultivated land changed from 62.9 %
to 65.6 %, by 67.5 %, and by 63.9 % from 1973 to 1985, in 1995, and in
2010, respectively. Results of hydrological modelling indicate that mean
annual streamflow increased by 16.9 % between the 1970s and 2000s due to
the combined effects of LULC and climate change. Findings on the effects of LULC
change on only streamflow indicate that surface runoff and base flow are
affected and are attributed to the 5.1 % reduction in forest coverage and
a 4.6 % increase in cultivated land areas. The effects of climate change only
revealed that the increased rainfall intensity and number of extreme
rainfall events from 1971 to 2010 significantly affected the surface runoff
and base flow. Hydrological impacts by climate change are more significant
as compared to the impacts of LULC change for streamflow of the upper Blue
Nile River basin.
Cold-to-warm flow regime transition in snow avalanches
Authors: Köhler Anselm , Fischer Jan-Thomas , Scandroglio Riccardo , Bavay Mathias , McElwaine Jim , Sovilla Betty
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Large avalanches usually encounter different snow conditions along their
track. When they release as slab avalanches comprising cold snow, they can
subsequently develop into powder snow avalanches entraining snow as they move
down the mountain. Typically, this entrained snow will be cold (T‾<-1 ∘C) at high elevations near the surface, but warm
(T‾>-1 ∘C) at lower elevations or deeper in the snowpack. The intake
of warm snow is believed to be of major importance to increase the
temperature of the snow composition in the avalanche and eventually cause a
flow regime transition. Measurements of flow regime transitions are performed
at the Vallée de la Sionne avalanche test site in Switzerland using two
different radar systems. The data are then combined with snow temperatures
calculated with the snow cover model SNOWPACK. We define transitions as
complete when the deposit at runout is characterized only by warm
snow or as partial if there is a warm flow regime, but the farthest
deposit is characterized by cold snow. We introduce a transition index
Ft, based on the runout of cold and warm flow regimes, as a
measure to quantify the transition type. Finally, we parameterize the snow
cover temperature along the avalanche track by the altitude Hs,
which represents the point where the average temperature of the uppermost
0.5 m changes from cold to warm. We find that Ft is related to
the snow cover properties, i.e. approximately proportional to Hs.
Thus, the flow regime in the runout area and the type of transition can be
predicted by knowing the snow cover temperature distribution. We find that,
if Hs is more than 500 m above the valley floor for the path
geometry of Vallée de la Sionne, entrainment of warm surface snow leads to
a complete flow regime transition and the runout area is reached by only warm
flow regimes. Such knowledge is of great importance since the impact pressure
and the effectiveness of protection measures are greatly dependent on the
flow regime.
How to Understand Limitations of the Right to Exit with Respect to Losses Associated with Health Worker Emigration: A Clarification
Authors: Yuksekdag Yusuf
Published: November 2018

There is a recent interest in the ethics of high-skilled worker emigration through which the limitations of the right to exit are discussed. Insightful arguments have been made in favour of (or against) the emigration restrictions on skilled workers in order to tackle the deprivations in developing countries. However, there is still a need for clarification on how we can understand, discuss and implement limitations of a right from a normative perspective. Significantly, how we understand the limitation of a right might determine how we approach such limitations – both in terms of the process of assessing the limitations and in terms of their implications. In this paper, I identify two distinct ways to understand limitations of the right to exit with respect to losses associated with health worker emigration, while also pointing to their implications for restrictive policies: (i) as a matter of scope, and (ii) as a matter of weight or emergency, which requires a compensatory scheme for the individual right holders. While the emergency restrictions seem to be a point of convergence in the literature, what defines an emergency and the nature of the compensation still warrant exploration. To that end, I also discuss from a normative perspective what might constitute a public emergency that would give states a prima facie prerogative to regulate temporary limitations on the exercise of the right to exit. In addition, I briefly introduce the implications of emergency restrictions, with a particular focus on compensatory schemes for individual right holders.
The Psychology of Perspectivism: A Question for Nietzsche Studies Now
Authors: Anderson R. Lanier
Published: November 2018

This essay is one of ten contributions to a special editorial feature in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49.2 (Autumn 2018), in which authors were invited to address the following questions: What is the future of Nietzsche studies? What are the most pressing questions its scholars should address? What texts and issues demand our urgent attention? And as we turn to these issues, what methodological and interpretive principles should guide us? The editorship hopes this collection will provide a starting point for discussions about the most fruitful directions for Nietzsche scholarship to take and the most promising avenues for building on the best recent work.
Must We Choose between Real Nietzsche and Good Philosophy? A Streitschrift
Authors: Stern Tom
Published: November 2018

This essay is one of ten contributions to a special editorial feature in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49.2 (Autumn 2018), in which authors were invited to address the following questions: What is the future of Nietzsche studies? What are the most pressing questions its scholars should address? What texts and issues demand our urgent attention? And as we turn to these issues, what methodological and interpretive principles should guide us? The editorship hopes this collection will provide a starting point for discussions about the most fruitful directions for Nietzsche scholarship to take and the most promising avenues for building on the best recent work.
The public funding of innovation in agri-food businesses
Authors: Alarcón Silverio , Arias Pedro
Published: November 2018

Public administrations have in recent years developed programs of public funding for innovation to boost the competitiveness of business. The study of how companies have used these funding sources generates knowledge to improve the design of support for private innovation and to provide advice for innovative companies. This paper investigates these issues in the agri-food sector which is of particular interest as it is comprised mainly of small and medium enterprises with a wide regional presence and interaction with their local environment. A survey on technological innovation was used to estimate panel logit models with random effects, taking as dependent variables three types of funding: regional, state and European Union. The results generally show a positive relationship between innovation efforts and access to public funding, but also significant differences between types of funding and between sectors. Food companies that obtain public funding tend to have a more innovative profile than Agriculture ones. Both types of firm present higher probabilities than others companies when it comes to gaining access to regional funding, though the opposite often occurs in the case of state funding. Firm size is not significant for regional funding and no overlap was detected between regional and state funding. The financial crisis has adversely affected regional and national aid, which experienced a significant decrease in the period from 2008 to 2013.
Polonius in Shakespeare’s Hamlet: A Conspirator or a Victim
Authors: Al-Shraah Sameer
Published: November 2018

Critical discourse on Shakespeare’s Hamlet often discusses Polonius as a victim, ignoring Shakespeare’s creativity in depicting the complexities of the human psyche. Therefore, this paper attempts to study Polonius’ character from a new perspective through answering questions such as: what is the meaning of the death of a whole family that has apparently nothing to do with the death of Old Hamlet? And why would this family give the first death in the play, if the family, or Polonius in particular, is not part of the conspiracy against Old Hamlet?
Classical Myth in the University: A Contribution to Professional Teacher Development
Authors: Giner Gomis Antonio , Iglesias Martínez Marcos Jesús , Lozano Cabezas Inés
Published: November 2018

The use of Classical Greek myth as a narrative and metaphorical tool can contribute to the construction of a professional teaching identity. Adopting a biographical narrative approach, the present study sought to assess this contribution in a group of teacher and researcher trainees undertaking a postgraduate university course. The construction of personal narratives used for collective interpretation by the participants that generated them was analysed and interpreted in relation to the development of teacher professionalism. Our findings show the effective activation of metacognitive processes in order to rethink teacher professionalism from a narrative point of view. Using the structure and content of Classical myths as a scaffold, participants established valuable reflections on crucial aspects of teaching, identifying personal achievements and conquests as well as fears and insecurities. The structures latent in myth provided an effective framework with which to project and identify at least three hermeneutical themes—symbolism, function and structure—that form constituent elements of professional identity and are not only intertwined but are also constituted within a community of practice. Thus, Greek myths continue to offer an interesting cognitive and emotional scaffold that contributes to teacher professionalism, facilitating the formulation of a reflective, collaborative and personal meaning of identity which brings together personal teaching experiences and knowledge and is necessarily shared with the surrounding community of practice.
Tipos de respuestas de los niños a álbumes
Authors: León Escurra Carmen Rosa
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on how a group of twelve children, between 7 and 10 years of age, from a rural school in Pachacamac (Lima, Perú), respond to reading picture books: "Gorilón" (fear), and "Fernando Furioso" (fury). The aim is to analyse the oral responses, drawings and comments made by the children in response to the narration of these picture books, identifying the types of responses (in line with Kiefer's categories), and how the children interpret and learn from the activity. The data were obtained by recording the reading sessions; the interviews; the drawings; the anecdotal records. The findings indicate that picture books generated heuristic category responses (26/36) over the other categories. The main conclusions are that the narrative, textual and graphic resources used mobilised observation skills that allowed clues to be perceived, inferences drawn, experiences activated and knowledge evoked, leading to the activation of interpretation and personal projection mechanisms. The children were seen to talk about the feelings conjured up when reading, expressed in different languages, their value judgements and their experiences.
El desarrollo del libro álbum en Colombia: 1970 – 2008
Authors: Pardo Zully
Published: November 2018

The development of the picture book in Colombia forms the main topic of this article, which offers a very general explanation of the rise and development of Colombian children's literature from the eighties onwards, with special emphasis on the national collections of illustrated books and picture books. Mention is made of works that served as precursors to this genre and of the publishers that led the way, and an overview of the current situation is given.
Editor's Note
Authors: Dooly Melinda
Published: November 2018

La publicació d’aquest volum és especialment emocionant per a mi com a editora de Bellaterra Journal. Ja fa un any que varem néixer, i en aquest volum ja s’hi faran paleses algunes novetats fruit de la nostra experiència. Per començar ...
“Te explicó qué quiere decir”, “te digo cómo se llama”. Interacciones niño-niño en torno a vocabulario no familiar
Authors: Alam Florencia , Stein Alejandra , Rosemberg Celia Renata
Published: November 2018

This study aims to analyze the conversational movements use by twelve-year-old children to explain vocabulary in reading and writing situations with 4-year-old children. These situations were video recorded in a school where a child tutor program was held. The program was implemented in schools attended by children and adolescents from urban-marginalized backgrounds in Buenos Aires, Argentina.The data analysed in this paper includes 50 tutoring situations. The unit of analysis consists of exchanges in which the older child explains one or more words to the younger one or tries to elicit a precise word. The data analysis followed a qualitative procedure that combines the constant comparative method (Glaser y Strauss, 1967; Strass y Corbin, 1991) with conversational analysis (Goodwin, 2000). Findings showed that in these situations the older children rely not just on linguistic information but also on other semiotic fields.
El desarrollo de un programa de evaluación online para la preparación de la versión informatizada del First Certificate in English
Authors: Sevilla Pavón Ana
Published: November 2018

Las exigencias actuales de la sociedad global de la comunicación han llevado a un gran número de exámenes oficiales de idiomas a adoptar el formato informatizado e incluso online, como ocurre con Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE). El surgimiento de su versión informatizada hace que aumente la demanda de materiales preparatorios y de evaluación de calidad que tengan en cuenta las características del nuevo formato de examen, planteando ejercicios en concordancia. En este contexto se ha desarrollado el programa preparatorio y de evaluación InGenio FCE Online Tester, en el seno del grupo de investigación CAMILLE, del Departamento de Lingüística Aplicada de la Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). El presente artículo explora las principales características del nuevo formato del FCE y describe el proceso de desarrollo del programa. Éste proporciona preparación a los candidatos mediante la práctica para el desarrollo de diferentes destrezas y competencias, y a través de la realización de simulaciones de examen.
La enseñanza de la gramática en la escuela: lo que piensan, cómo la abordan y qué proponen las investigaciones brasileñas
Authors: Dickel Adriana
Published: November 2018

En la década de 1980, en Brasil, se instala una polémica que se extiende hasta los días actuales: “¿se debe, o no, enseñar gramática en la escuela?”. Tal pregunta la plantean algunos sectores académicos en su crítica a la enseñanza tradicional de la gramática normativa. La suceden propuestas de manutención de la enseñanza de la gramática, vinculadas a la teoría de enunciación bakhtiniana y a teorías socio-interaccionistas y funcionalistas del lenguaje, presentes en los Parámetros Curriculares Nacionales y en los artículos aquí analizados. En este artículo, se pretende explorar, a través del estudio bibliográfico, tensiones y abordajes presentes en discusiones sobre la enseñanza de la gramática en la escuela, en las últimas décadas, en Brasil, y evidenciar que el encuentro entre la producción científica, didáctica y prácticas pedagógicas aún es una tarea que tiene que ser realizada por investigadores tanto del campo de la lingüística aplicada como de la educación.
Conversation Analysis for Second Language Acquisition and beyond: An interview with Numa P. Markee
Authors: Evnitskaya Natalia
Published: November 2018

Profesor P. Numa Markee es Profesor Asociado de Lingüística de la Universidad de Illinois en Urbana-Champaign (Estados Unidos), donde imparte los cursos de Análisis de la Conversación, adquisición de segundas lenguas, enseñanza de lenguaje basada en tareas y en la administración de programas de lengua. Sus líneas de investigación principales son en el área de Análisis de la Conversación aplicado a Second Language Acquisition (CA-for-SLA), Psicología Discursiva, la cognición socialmente distribuida, investigación en el aula, los usos de la tecnología en la investigación lingüística aplicada y la enseñanza de ESL, y la gestión de innovación curricular. Además de numerosos artículos en revistas y capítulos de libros en CA-for-SLA - el tema principal de la entrevista actual - Prof. Markee también ha publicado el libro “Análisis de la Conversación” (2000). La entrevista tuvo lugar en enero de 2012 con motivo de una serie de conferencias y talleres sobre Análisis de la Conversación llevadas a cabo por el profesor Markee a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España) dentro del programa Máster en Investigación en Lengua y Literatura y como invitado del grupo de investigación GREIP.
Book review: A beginner's guide to doing your education research project, by Mike Lambert (2012)
Authors: Ploettner Joan
Published: November 2018

En los últimos veinte años, prácticas basadas en la evidencia se ha convertido en una base prinicpal para el desarrollo de muchas profesiones, desde las ciencias sociales, la salud hasta la educación. La investigación basada en la práctica reflexiva proporciona el impulso ...
Telecollaboration 2.0. Language, literacies and intercultural learning in the 21st Century, edited by Sarah Guth & Francesca Helm
Authors: Anguera Cerarols Carles
Published: November 2018

El libro nos presenta las bases y fundamentos de lo que se denomina telecolaboración 2.0. Este es el primero de una serie de volúmenes dedicados a este campo. Gracias a los recursos tecnológicos de les cuáles disponemos en la actualidad, el intercambio cultural de modo online se ha convertido en un hecho cotidiano. El uso de las llamadas herramientas web 2.0 ha cambiado las reglas del juego en el contexto educativo. El ejemplar ofrece a los docentes la posibilidad de proponer al alumnado un aprendizaje de la lengua y la interculturalidad en un contexto multilingue, multimodal y colaborativo. En el tomo podemos encontrar un marco teórico sobre que es la telecolaboración y como repercute en el profesorado y los alumnos, así como también presenta recursos y estudios de caso que permitirán a los docentes introducirse en el camp d’estudio y disfrutar de sus ventajas.
Los gestos y la enseñanza de palabras poco familiares: ¿Cuándo emplean las maestras información gestual?
Authors: Menti Alejandra Beatriz , Alam Florencia
Published: November 2018

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar los gestos que las maestras emplean en el tratamiento de vocabulario poco familiar en clases de Ciencias Sociales de la escuela primaria. El corpus está compuesto por secuencias interaccionales (Goodwin & Heritage, 1990; Schegloff, 1990) incluidas en 12 situaciones de enseñanza videofilmadas en 1°, 3° y 5° grado de 4 escuelas, dos rurales y dos urbanas de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. En las secuencias las maestras empleaban términos que eran poco familiares para los niños. Se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo (Strauss & Corbin, 1991) que permitió comparar distintas secuencias en las que las maestras explican, definen o reparan las mismas palabras. Los resultados mostraron que, a diferencia de lo señalado en otros trabajos el uso de gestos por parte de las maestras no se encuentra únicamente asociado al término poco familiar empleado sino que se produce en respuesta a acciones verbales y/o gestuales de los niños que muestran una posible falta de comprensión conceptual.
Editor's Notes
Authors: Antoniadou Victoria
Published: November 2018

La edición especial de este año de BJTLLL se dedica a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras mediados por ordenador, tomando en cuento la más reciente influencia de elementos socioculturales y dialógicos en la pedagogía. El volumen aspira a contribuir a la investigación sobre el potencial de la CMO y la telecolaboración en la organización motivadora de los entornos de aprendizaje,  reclamados durante mucho tiempo por las reformas educativas en didáctica de las lenguas y en formación del profesorado. Los artículos de este volumen describen algunas intervenciones que han sido o están siendo llevadas a cabo en diferentes contextos internacionales.
The Efficacy of Various Kinds of Error Feedback for Improvement in the Writing Accuracy of Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Ashoori Tootkaboni Arezoo , Khatib Mohammad
Published: November 2018

The present study was an attempt to delve further into the effects of different corrective feedback strategies on enhancing learners’ writing accuracy both short and long term. To fulfill the purpose of the study, three classes comprising 67 female students in the context of a public high school in Astara, Iran, were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions; direct feedback with teacher-student 5 minute individual conference; indirect coded feedback and no-feedback. A pre-test ensured that learners are homogeneous regarding their previous grammatical knowledge. The study lasted for 5 weeks. There were immediate and delayed posttests to measure the writing accuracy of learners both short and long term. The results of the short-term test showed the significant superiority of direct feedback in the teacher-student individual conference group over the other groups. In contrast, the learners in the indirect coded feedback group were slightly better than the group that received instruction through direct and teacher-student conference feedback. This suggests that it is beneficial to make use of direct corrective feedback strategies when the short period mastery of the linguistic structures is needed and indirect corrective strategies are proposed when long-term mastery of the grammatical knowledge is the purpose of the educational intervention.