bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of serum albumin as an indicator for complications in patients undergoing abdominal surgery
Authors: Wangkheimayum Raeghnya , Chanu Achom Bala , Christina Soubam , Singh Sanasam Roshan , Sanjenbam Tombisana , Singh Laishram Jaleshwar , Sarma B. Bobby , Sharma Manoharmayum Birkumar
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Albumin is the major protein of human plasma produced by the liver and is conversely, downregulated by inflammatory signals. It is widely used as a nutritional marker and shows immediate response to surgical stress and could therefore qualify to measure surgical stress and to predict a complicated postoperative course.

Aims and Objects:

To study the level of acute phase protein albumin as an indicator for adverse outcome/morbidity in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 121 patients undergoing abdominal surgery in the Department of General Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal from August 2019 to July 2021 were included in this study. Patients who are immunosuppressed, pregnant, and those <18 years and >65 years were excluded.

Results:

There was a significant difference in the reduction in albumin level from pre- to postoperative day 5 among the three groups (no complications, Clavien–Dindo Grade I and Clavien–Dindo Grade II and above). There was a significant difference between those with no complication group with either Grade I or Grade II and above groups.

Conclusion:

Lower preoperative albumin level usually results in higher complication rate, and longer hospital stay. Out of those having postoperative complications, majority (52.1%) had Grade I complications. The most common complication was surgical site infection which was successfully managed conservatively.
Evaluation of nonsurgical management of pneumoperitoneum in neonates
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Pandey Anand , Gupta Survesh Kumar , Rai Rahul Kumar , Tyagi Nirpex , Rawat Jiledar
Published: May 2024

Background:

Surgery has been the standard for managing the pneumoperitoneum (PP). There are sporadic reports of conservative management of PP in a certain group of patients. This study was conducted to analyze whether nonoperative management of PP is successful in neonates and infants or not.

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, neonates with PP were admitted and evaluated. They were managed by per abdomen needle decompression. Clinical parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature were recorded. An assessment of abdominal girth at the umbilical level was made, both before and after the peritoneal tapping. Tapping was done a maximum of two times at 24 h intervals.

Results:

Eighteen patients were managed conservatively. Eight patients responded to single tapping, four patients to two, and the remaining six patients needed laparotomy. In a follow-up of 3 months, these patients did not reveal any complications or complaints.

Conclusion:

Needle decompression appears to be effective as a surgical treatment in a select group of neonates with PP. This may be a viable treatment option in patients of PP avoiding surgery.
Perception of marital rape among married women attending psychiatric outpatient department in RIMS, Imphal
Authors: Haobijam Asheema , Senjam Gojendra Singh , Carol Arambam , Singh Lourembam Roshan
Published: May 2024

Background:

The definition of rape in Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code includes all forms of sexual assault involving nonconsensual intercourse with a woman. However, Section 375 exempts unwilling sexual intercourse between a husband and a wife over 15 years of age from the definition of “rape” and thus immunizes such acts from prosecution. Marriage is thus considered a continuous, unwavering consent for sexual intercourse as per current laws in the country. This is quite removed from most other countries where marital rape is a recognized crime. India is among only 36 countries that still do not consider marital rape as sexual assault. Literature on marital rape suggests both physical and psychological negative impacts on women facing this predicament. However, marital rape remains one of the most neglected kinds of sexual violence against women, both in society and available literature around the world.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study undertaken in the Department of Psychiatry, rims, Imphal. The study period was for 1 year. Semi-structured pro forma will be used to record patient data. Perception of marital rape will be assessed using an examiner-administered semi-structured pro forma which was first validated using on initial 30 samples under the scrutiny of two experienced researchers in this field. Due consent will be taken and confidentiality assured. Patient data were evaluated using SPSS version 21; Chi-square test and t-test will be used to find correlations between different variables.

Results:

A total of 129 women participated in the study. The majority of the participants (79%) had an average perception of marital rape, 10% had a high perception of marital rape, whereas 11% had a low perception of marital rape. Only 19 (15%) reported having experienced marital rape themselves. Nearly 98% of the participants agreed that marital rape will have a negative psychological impact on the women who are victims of it. Among the sociodemographic variables, only religion had a meaningful correlation with the perception of marital rape among the participants, where Hindu women were found to have a higher perception compared to the rest.

Conclusions:

The study aimed to find the perception of marital rape among women attending the psychiatric outpatient department in a tertiary hospital in Imphal, Manipur. The study showed that the majority of the participants had fair knowledge about marital rape and its psychological impact on the women who might be victims of it. However, only a minority of the participants reported facing marital rape themselves.
Knowledge and practice of handoff among doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Manipur: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nandeibam Ranchandra , Babu A. Adheena , Singh Khangembam Sonarjit , Laishram Jalina , Akoijam Brogen Singh
Published: May 2024

Context:

The exchange of patient information and the transfer of responsibility for patient care between health-care providers constitute a vital aspect of health-care communication and maintain continuum of care and patient safety. There are limited data on knowledge and practice of handoff among resident doctors in Manipur.

Aims:

To assess the knowledge and practice of handoff among resident doctors of a tertiary care hospital, in Imphal, and to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and handoff practice.

Subjects and Methods:

A cross-sectional study among 279 resident doctors of a tertiary care hospital in Manipur was conducted. The data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to represent quantitative data. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used for categorical data. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 29.65 ± 3.97 years. More than two-thirds of the participants were inadequately practicing handoff in patient care. There were significant associations between the knowledge pertaining to questions, “When does handoff occur in patient care?” (P = 0.013), “What is the purpose of handoff?” (P = 0.024), and “What are the characteristics of good handoff?”(P = 0.019) with the practice of handoff.

Conclusion:

Although more than 4/5th of the doctors had good knowledge, only a quarter of them had adequate handoff practice.
Amelioration: An Innovative Approach to Behavior Management Based on Cognitive Process
Authors: Sathyaprasad Savitha , Dhanya K B , Anand P J Swathy , Amin Reshma , Thomas Pallavi Ammu , Alwafi Hanadi Abdullah
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The study aimed to determine the applicability of psychological traits identified by Piaget sixty years ago to children in the current generation and to utilize these traits clinically for behavior modification.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 participants aged 4–7, divided into four groups. Three tests were administered to evaluate the manifestation of preoperational features. Based on the most noticeable aspect of cognitive development, tailored behavior management strategies were applied to help improve cooperation among the children. The study utilized Frankl’s behavior rating scale both before and after the intervention, and statistical analysis was performed to assess the outcomes.

Results:

Contrary to Piaget’s findings, the study revealed that 94% of children displayed egocentrism and centration at the age of four, with these traits gradually decreasing from four to seven years old. Moreover, better patient cooperation was observed when cognitive-based behavior management techniques were employed clinically, and the improvement was statistically significant at P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that the Amelioration, a cognitive feature-based behavior modification technique, represented the most effective way to elicit cooperative responses from children. This technique can be considered a novel and pioneering behavior management strategy for enhancing patient cooperation.
Risk Stratification of Term Neonates for Development of Significant Hyperbilirubinemia by Cord Serum Bilirubin and Albumin Ratio
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Agrawal Karnika , Kumar Sunil , Chaturvedi Anupam
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common neonatal problem. Although benign in the majority of the cases, few neonates develop bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction further progressing to kernicterus. Due to early hospital discharge of healthy-term neonates, there is need of a reliable tool for early prediction of significant hyperbilirubinemia in them.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to determine the utility of cord total serum bilirubin/albumin ratio as an early predictor of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in healthy-term newborns.

Settings and Design:

This is a tertiary care hospital-based prospective cohort study.

Subjects and Methods:

The study was conducted on 100 sequentially born healthy-term neonates. Cord bilirubin/albumin ratio was calculated and neonates were divided into two groups on the basis of 50th percentile value. Serum bilirubin was also measured at 72 h of life in all neonates and value ≥17 mg/dl was taken as significant requiring intervention.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Continuous variables were summarized as mean and standard deviation while nominal/categorical variables as percentage. Association between total serum bilirubin at 72 h of life and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio was assessed using two-sample independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient formula. Cutoff value of the ratio was derived using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:

Statistically significant association was observed between cord bilirubin/albumin ratio with the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. On ROC analysis, cutoff point to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia was found to be >0.66 (92.9% sensitivity, 60.5% specificity, and PPV 79.61%).

Conclusions:

Cord total serum bilirubin/albumin ratio is a good parameter to predict significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in healthy-term neonates.
Ultrasound in Bone Quality Screening: From the Perspective of Osteoporosis
Authors: Rosa de Sousa Andrade Sara , Naves do Amaral Waldemar , Rita de Sousa Silva Maria , Rathi Manisha A. , de Almeida Lima Vinicius , Rios Leite Macedo Mayara
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Among Brazilians, 4.4% of population has osteoporosis, and the characteristic population with the disease is women above 45 years. Monitoring bone mineralization from an early age becomes a preventive factor essential for those with a family history of osteoporosis or vulnerable population to develop osteoporosis. It is essential to use techniques that are affordable and easily available with high reliability. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) can be one of these techniques.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to analyze the importance of phalanx ultrasound (US) as a tracking element of the bone quality, accurately establish the diagnostic tests as bone quality, define a nomogram of bone quality, build bone quality normality curve, and establish the pathological risk cutoff score according to the age group.

Method:

In this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, 125 women who met the inclusion criteria were selected. They were divided into four groups according to their age: group 1 (G1): 30 to 39 years; group 2 (G2): 40 to 49 years; group 3 (G3): 50 to 59 years; and group 4 (G4): 60 years and above. All the participants underwent phalanx US and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The Ultrasound Bone Profile Index (UBPI) was found, and the phalanx US and sensitivity of the same technique were determined.

Result:

UBPI at the phalanx was compared with DEXA, and the sensitivity of the test was found to be 80% for G1 and 100% for G2, G3, and G4. Regarding femur DEXA, the sensitivity of the test was 90% for G1 and 100% for G2, G3, and G4. There was a significant inverse correlation observed between age and bone quality. This result includes an early decrease in bone quality, starting in the fertile period of women. The cutoff score for pathological risk was as follows: G1: 0.68 ± 0.23; G2: 0.64 ± 0.28; G3: 0.54 ± 0.37; and G4: 0.32 ± 0.30.

Conclusion:

Phalanx US proved to be a highly effective method as an osteoporosis tracking element in terms of bone quality evaluation, hence can be used as a screening tool for early diagnosis among the female population.
Phenomenology of Depressive Disorders with and without Psychotic Features: A Comparative Study
Authors: Surati Love , Arya Aakanksha , Chaudhari Bhushan , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Depressive disorders can present with psychotic features, which warrants a different diagnosis and a different phenomenological study.

Aim:

To study the phenomenology of depressive disorders with and without psychotic features.

Methodology:

One hundred and forty-eight patients presenting to psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care center were screened using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview questionnaire to select patients for our study. Sociodemographic data and some clinical variables of these patients were collected. These patients were further assessed for depression severity and psychotic symptoms by using Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Modified Psychotic Symptoms Ratings Scale (PSYRATS), respectively.

Results:

Mean MADRS score for patients with depression without psychotic features was 38.38 and for patients with depression with psychotic features was 44.51. Result was found to be significant. Suicidality was found to be on a higher side in patients of depression with psychotic features.

Conclusion:

Main finding related to our study was that depression severity was found to be more in patients of depression with psychotic features. There are certain phenomenological differences which warrant a separate diagnosis of depression with psychotic features. These include the increased intensity of suicidality, visible sadness, inner stress, difficulty in concentration, lassitude, altered ability to feel, and thoughts of suicide present in patients of depression with psychotic features.
Secondary Epiploic Appendagitis – Report of Three Cases with CT Findings
Authors: Sahoo Jyotibash , Bera Sourav , Sarangi Pradosh Kumar , Majumdar Prasanta K.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Epiploic appendages are the fat-containing peritoneal pouches usually seen in the anti-mesenteric border, adjacent to the large bowel loop. The major components are adipose tissue and vessels. The exact functions are not understood. Epiploic appendagitis (EA) is an inflammatory process, primarily may be due to torsion or vascular occlusion or may be secondarily related to other inflammatory processes. Symptoms vary from mild abdominal pain to severe variety, depending on the underlying cause. Primary EA is a benign self-limiting condition and does not require any surgical intervention, whereas secondary cause of inflammation needs management of underlying pathology. Proper diagnosis plays a vital role in appropriate management. Cross-sectional study like computed tomography (CT) is the ideal choice of imaging. On CT, epiploic appendigitis appears as round to oval fat-attenuating lesions with hyperattenuating peripheral rim, usually abutting the adjacent large bowel. Chronic inflammation shows peripheral calcification, may detach, and appears as intra-abdominal loose body. We describe three cases of secondary EA with CT imaging features, which will guide the clinician in proper management, avoiding unwarranted surgery or hospitalization.
Clinicopathologic Analysis of Malabsorption Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Ganesan Nidhya , Shrinnivi S. , Shivani R. , Kartikayan R. K.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Malabsorption syndrome is an umbrella term for manifestations consisting of diarrhea, steatorrhea, malnutrition, unexplained weight loss, persistent or recurrent abdominal pain, and anemia. Celiac disease and Tropical sprue remain the two important causes among many more.

Materials and Methods:

The objectives of this study were to assess the spectrum of histological features of malabsorption at a tertiary care center and to correlate the clinical, endoscopic, and histological features between the various etiologies. Biopsy specimens of 547 subjects formed the sample for this institutional-based, retrospective research. All subjects who had a clinical diagnosis of malabsorption and underwent subsequent endoscopic evaluation along with biopsy were considered. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were analyzed for villous architecture and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). The histopathological findings were further correlated with the endoscopic findings. Data thus obtained were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel for Windows (2010).

Results:

The mean age of the subjects was 46.65 ± 17.31 years and with 330 males (60.33%) and 217 female (39.63%) subjects. Chronic diarrhea was the major presenting symptom in 95% of the subjects (n = 520). Normal villous architecture was noted in 68.19%, while the remaining cases showed varying degrees of atrophy ranging from mild in 27.61% (n = 151) to moderate in 2.56% (n = 14) to severe in 1.65% (n = 9). IELs were noted in 70.78% of cases.

Conclusion:

Histopathological findings, when analyzed, showed intraepithelial lymphocytosis as the major diagnosis in 34.19% of cases (n = 187), followed by tropical sprue in 19.56% (n = 107) cases. The pathology was nonspecific in about 13.89% (n = 76).
Utility of EUS-Guided FNAC in the Diagnosis of Spindle Cell Lesion of the GI Tract: A Case Report
Authors: Viswanathan Vidya , Londhe Mangesh , Kundlia Aakriti , Ingale Yamini
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors pose a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse histology and location. EUS was first used clinically in 1980. Since its inception, it has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool for GI lesions, to a versatile therapeutic modality, encompassing a wide range of indications. EUS faces challenges in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. The partnership between cytopathologists and endoscopists, coupled with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), has become crucial in patient management. Recent technical advancements along with the addition of FNAC have greatly increased its diagnostic accuracy. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) has become a routine practice in many healthcare facilities, aiding in the diagnosis of mediastinal, GI, and pancreatic malignancies. EUS-FNAC offers several advantages, such as multi-site aspiration and lower cost as compared to other procedures. Even its potential in the area of molecular studies has been recently investigated. In this case study, a 45-year-old man who underwent EUS-FNAC is presented. The combination of histology, immunohistochemistry, and EUS-FNAC allowed us to make a conclusive diagnosis of GI stromal tumors (GIST).
Correlation between Ultrasound TI-RADS and Bethesda FNAC Scoring in Thyroid Lesions: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mathur Smriti , Chail Amit , Das Amit K. , Pal Seerat , Lahel Ranjit S.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Primary objective of the study was to determine the association between the TI-RADS system of thyroid lesion evaluation on ultrasound and the cytological findings of thyroid lesions by FNAC (graded as per the Bethesda system). The secondary objective was to study the outcome of high TI-RADS and high Bethesda grades in terms of malignant potential determined by histopathological examination.

Materials and Methods:

A multi-centric retrospective hospital-based study was done for all patients who underwent sonography for evaluation of thyroid lesions and subsequently fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from 2018 to 2021 at two hospitals in two different states of India. Clinical and radiological data were obtained from hospital records. The data hence obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. The outcome of high-grade TIRADS and Bethesda scores in terms of malignant potential (confirmed by histopathology) was also evaluated.

Results:

A total of 249 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 129 patients (51.8%) were in 36-55 year age group with female predominance. The majority of cases in the study belonged to TI-RADS 3 category (33.73%) on sonography and Bethesda Grade III (28.91%) after cytological analysis. Out of 72 Bethesda grade III cases, 59 (81.9%) had TI-RADS 3 score. Similarly, out of 67 Bethesda Grade IV cases, 55 (82%) had TI-RADS 4 scores showing maximum concordance. The accuracy of TIRADS 4 and 5 lesions and Bethesda grade 4-6 lesions in detecting malignancy confirmed on HPE was 67.9 and 73.6%.

Discussion:

Our study done on 249 patients from varying demographic profiles showed that the correlation between sonography and cytological findings of thyroid lesions was statistically significant. Both diagnostic modalities helped to correctly determine the severity of the lesions, and malignant potential and enabled grading into clinically relevant groups that decided the further management as per laid down guidelines.

Conclusion:

The concurrent use of ACR-TIRADS on sonography coupled with the Bethesda system of cytological evaluation for thyroid nodules is clinically appropriate in ascertaining the RoM (Risk of malignancy) in a thyroid nodule.
Accidental ingestion of a denture in a Nigerian man
Authors: Ezuduemoih Daniel Ekhaeyouno , Odeghe Emuobor Aghoghor , Adeniyi Oluwafunmilayo Funke , Oyeleke Ganiyat Kikelomo
Published: May 2024

The tooth contributes to the esthetic appearance of the face. As a result of tooth loss from caries and periodontal diseases, there is an increase in the number of people wearing dentures, and thus a proportionate increase in the incidence of foreign body in the esophagus. We report the case of a 49-year-old man who presented to the Endoscopy suite at our institution with a 6-week history of severe retrosternal pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia after inadvertently swallowing his old denture. At gastroscopy, the denture was seen to be impacted in the esophagus at about 25 cm from the incisor. When managing patients with chest pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia, a high index of suspicion for foreign body ingestion is needed, even with prolonged symptoms. Obtaining a history of use of dentures, and duration, is important, and a thorough examination of the oral cavity and dentition is essential.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Non-communicable Diseases among Young Adults in Kerala, India
Authors: Salam Ahana , Thayyil Jayakrishnan , Girija Nithya , Lakshmanan Anjali , Punathukandi Sruthikrishna , Karattuthazhathu Anupama Raj
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

To estimate risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) amongst young adults and to determine the association between NCDs and various risk factors amongst young adults.

Materials and Methods:

This study was done amongst 150 young adults of Kerala. The data were collected by conducting direct interviews with the use of pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, low-density lipids were collected and analysed using standard methods.

Results:

Amongst the 150 study participants, 104 (69.4%) were girls and 46 (30.6%) were boys. Amongst these 68 (45.3%) had body mass index (BMI) >23. The study shows that 25.3% and 27.3% of participants had high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), respectively. Males had high BP, whereas abdominal adiposity was more amongst females. Physical activity amongst participants was very low. There is a positive correlation between BMI and SBP (r = 0.28, odds ratio [OR] =3.9); BMI and DBP (r = 0.24, OR = 2.9) and waist circumference (WC) with SBP (r = 0.25,); WC and DBP (r = 0.283). The increased BMI (crude odds ratio-3.979; 95% confidence interval-1.490–10.625) has got association with hypertension.

Conclusions:

There is a high prevalence of risk factors of NCDs amongst the young adult population of Kerala. The findings emphasise the need for interventions to reduce these risk factors amongst these young adults by life cycle approach.
Predicting Schistosomiasis Intensity in Africa: A Machine Learning Approach to Evaluate the Progress of WHO Roadmap 2030
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Le Jiaxu , Hu Yi
Published: May 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 Roadmap aims to eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health issue, targeting reductions in the heavy intensity of infections. Previous studies, however, have predominantly used prevalence as the primary indicator of schistosomiasis. We introduce several machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict infection intensity categories, using morbidity prevalence, with the aim of assessing the elimination of schistosomiasis in Africa, as outlined by the WHO. We obtained morbidity prevalence and infection intensity data from the Expanded Special Project to Eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases, which spans 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We then used a series of ML algorithms to predict the prevalence of infection intensity categories for Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni, with morbidity prevalence and several relevant environmental and demographic covariates from remote-sensing sources. The optimal model had high accuracy and stability; it achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.02, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.05, and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.84 in predicting heavy-intensity prevalence for S. mansoni; and an MAE of 0.02, an RMSE of 0.04, and an R2 value of 0.81 for S. haematobium. Based on this optimal model, we found that most areas in the surveyed countries have not achieved the target of the WHO road map for 2030. The ML algorithms used in our analysis showed a high overall predictive power in estimating infection intensity for each species, and our methods provided a low-cost, effective approach to evaluating the disease target in Africa set in the WHO road map for 2030.
Dijital Yerliler ve Göçmenler: Duygu Kültürü Değişimi
Authors: Aslan Hazal
Published: May 2024

Duygu ve kültür ilişkisi, geçmişten günümüze her zaman ilgi çeken ve üzerine pek çok çalışma yapılan bir konu olmuştur. Öncesinde duyguların sadece bireye özgü bir bakış açısıyla yaşandığı düşüncesi, Aydınlanma Çağı sonrasında topluluk açısından değerlendirilebilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Bireyin ait olduğu toplumun kültürel bağlamına has duygularının varlığının tespiti neticesinde, duyguların toplumlararası bir boyutta da incelenebileceği ortaya konmuştur. Makalede, duyguların toplumsal ve kültürel süreçler yoluyla ne şekilde deneyimlendiği, biçimlendirildiği ve yorumlandığı üzerine tespit ve değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Söz konusu tespit ve değerlendirmeler yapılırken dijitalleşmenin, duygularda meydana getirdiği değişimler de ele alınmıştır. Sosyal medyanın, çevrimiçi iletişimin ve dijital platformların duyguların ifade edilmesi üzerindeki rolü incelenmiştir. Duygusal içeriklerle yüklü olan medya üzerinden yola çıkılarak medya kullanım alışkanlıkları geleneksel olan dijital göçmenler ve modern medya tüketimine sahip olan dijital yerliler arasında karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri, teknoloji ile tanışma zamanlarına göre kategorize edilen dijital yerli ve dijital göçmen gruplarıyla, Eskişehir’de yaşamaları şartına dikkat edilerek, derinlemesine mülakat yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir.
Death simulation behavior of the lizard Lygodactylus klugei of the Gekkonidae (Reptilia: Squamata) family in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Matias Cicera Silvilene Leite , De Araújo Danilo Saraiva , De Castro Deborah Praciano
Published: May 2024

Natural selection favors primary defense strategies that reduce the chance of prey being spotted and discovered by a potential predator, such as camouflage, aposematism, and secondary defense strategies that include tail loss and escape, immobility, and thanatosis. The behavior of thanatosis (playing dead) or tonic immobility (body paralysis) is a strategy adopted by the prey, in which the animal simulates immobility to avoid being ingested. This simulation is effective against visually oriented predators or predators that do not feed on dead prey. Belonging to a complex of cryptic species, Lygodactylus klugei is a gecko that has a wide distribution in Northeast Brazil, occupying areas of the Caatinga and Cerrado, and that has a diurnal habit. On August 25th and September 2nd, 2021, three individuals of L. klugei were observed exhibiting thanatosis behavior during plant suppression work in the Curaçá municipality, Bahia state, Brazil. This behavior is reported for the first time in for L. klugei, and the species may use it if it is unable to escape from visually oriented predators. However, we suggest that future observations may generate new hypotheses about the benefits of this behavior in the species. Our observation adds important data to the behavioral repertoire of lizards from the Gekkonidae family, providing important natural history data to try to understand the defense mechanisms adopted by lizards in general.
Diversidade de aves em uma ilha de várzea do médio Solimões, Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: De Castro Renilce Carvalho , Bernhard Rafael , Lima Ana Caroline Gomes de
Published: May 2024

As aves se destacam pelo desempenho no auxílio do equilíbrio ecológico, pois atuam polinizando flores, dispersando sementes e controlando pragas nas plantações. Embora sejam um grupo considerado o mais bem estudado, na Amazônia, estudos na várzea são escassos, se comparados com os de terra firme. Desse modo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer a diversidade de espécies de aves que ocorrem em uma ilha de várzea do médio Solimões, bem como identificar e quantificar as espécies encontradas no ambiente da comunidade ribeirinha e na floresta de várzea. Logo, a coleta de dados ocorreu por observação direta com uso de binóculos, e registros por gravação de vocalização e fotografias das aves, em pontos fixos. O registro das espécies se deu por meio da utilização de caderneta de campo e a identificação, por consulta à lista de aves locais, guias de campo, além de consultas a especialistas na área ornitológica. Os dados foram analisados pela curva de rarefação, utilizando-se o programa EstimateS 9.1. Foram registradas 82 espécies de aves, sendo que o ambiente ‘comunidade’ apresentou maior dominância e o ‘mata fechada’, maior riqueza de espécies. Esta pesquisa trouxe contribuição para o aumento do número de espécies registradas no município e também para as áreas de várzeas amazônicas.
Aberração cromática no pernilongo-de-costas-negras, Himantopus mexicanus, no Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Rabêlo Lucas Tavares , Sales Junior Luís Gonzaga , De Oliveira Thaís Pereira , Crozariol Marco Aurélio
Published: May 2024

Um indivíduo de Himantopus mexicanus com plumagem aberrante foi observado em 10 de novembro de 2020 e, novamente, em 03 de março de 2021, entre os municípios de Fortaleza e Eusébio, no Ceará, Brasil. O exemplar estava entre um grupo de aves da mesma espécie e possuía leucismo ou grisalho progressivo, sendo este o primeiro registro documentado de aberração cromática para o gênero Himantopus na América do Sul.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING HIFENADINE IN THE TREATMENT OF ITCHY DERMATOSES. A DOCTOR’S VIEW ON COMMON DRUGS
Authors: Орлова Е.А. , Ненашева Н.М. , Трушина Е.Ю. , Вихрева М.Н. , Костина Е.М.
Published: May 2024

Кожный зуд – мучительный симптом, который сопровождает целый ряд кожных заболеваний аллергического и неаллергического генеза. Антигистаминные препараты (АГП) служат средствами первого выбора при данных состояниях. Назначение АГП с целью купирования кожного зуда является первой линией фармакологической терапии, позволяя в большинстве случаев достигать его контроля. Кроме того, АГП уменьшают отек и гиперемию. Хифенадин (Фенкарол®) – единственный неседативный АГП, у которого зарегистрирована инъекционная форма. Хифенадин может быть рекомендован для терапии дерматозов, сопровождающихся кожным зудом (крапивница, экзема, атопический дерматит и др.). В статье представлены клинические случаи лечения зудящих дерматозов из собственной практики.

Skin itching is a painful symptom that accompanies a number of skin diseases of allergic and non-allergic origin. Antihistamines (AGDs) are the first choice for these conditions. Prescribing AGDs to relieve skin itching is the first line of pharmacological therapy, allowing in most cases to achieve its control. In addition, AGDs reduce swelling and hyperemia. Hifenadine (Fenkarol®) is the only non-sedating antihistamine drug whose injectable form is registered. Hifenadine can be recommended for the treatment of dermatoses accompanied by itchy skin (urticaria, eczema, atopic dermatitis, etc.). The article presents clinical cases of treatment of itchy dermatoses from our own practice.
IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRAUTERINE SURGERY OUTCOMES USING MODERN ANTI-ADHESION BARRIERS
Authors: Леваков С.А. , Шешукова Н.А.
Published: May 2024

Цель исследования: повышение эффективности исходов трансцервикальной миомэктомии с использованием современных противоспаечных барьеров. Материал и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 52 пациентки с миомой матки, которым проводилась внутриматочная хирургия – гистероскопическая миомэктомия с помощью биполярного резектоскопа. Пациентки были разделены на две группы. В первую (основную) группу вошли 30 женщин с низкой степенью сложности выполнения гистероскопической миомэктомии, которым была выполнена гистерорезектоскопия с последующим интраоперационным введением геля Антиадгезин внутриматочно. Группу сравнения составили 22 пациентки с миомой матки, также отнесенные к группе низкой сложности выполнения гистероскопической миомэктомии, которым была выполнена только гистерорезектоскопия миоматозного узла. Результаты и выводы. С целью минимизации послеоперационных рисков развития спаечного процесса в полости матки в качестве комплексного лечения следует рекомендовать интраоперационное введение антиадгезивного геля Антиадгезин в дозе 3 г. Введение геля значительно снижает частоту возникновения легких и умеренных внутриматочных синехий, восстанавливает параметры нормального менструального цикла и увеличивает частоту наступления беременности.

Purpose of the study: to improve the effectiveness of outcomes of transcervical myomectomy using modern anti-adhesion barriers. Material and methods. The study involved 52 patients with uterine fibroids who underwent intrauterine surgery – hysteroscopic myomectomy using a bipolar resectoscope. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I (main) – 30 women with a low degree of complexity of hysteroscopic myomectomy, who underwent hysteroresectoscopy followed by intraoperative intrauterine administration of Antiadgesin gel. The comparison group consisted of 22 patients with uterine fibroids, also assigned to the group of low complexity of hysteroscopic myomectomy, who underwent only hysteroresectoscopy of the myomatous node. Results and conclusion. In order to minimize the postoperative risks of developing adhesions in the uterine cavity, intraoperative administration of the antiadhesive gel Antiadhesin in a dose of 3 g should be recommended as a complex treatment. The introduction of the gel significantly reduces the incidence of mild and moderate intrauterine synechiae, restores the parameters of the normal menstrual cycle and increases the frequency onset of pregnancy.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (CIN II+/HSIL) WITH EXCISIONAL TREATMENT METHODS
Authors: Зароченцева Н.В. , Баринова И.В. , Джиджихия Л.К.
Published: May 2024

Согласно результатам современных исследований, выявлена высокая распространенность цервикальных интраэпителиальных неоплазий (CIN) среди пациенток репродуктивного возраста. Агрессивная тактика ведения заболевания у данных пациенток связана с потерей достаточно значимого объема тканей шейки матки и повышением частоты различных осложнений. Целесообразно проведение комплексной терапии, включающей использование противовирусного препарата перед эксцизионным лечением. В статье проведен сравнительный анализ результатов комплексной терапии у 60 пациенток с ВПЧ-ассоциированными цервикальными интраэпителиальными неоплазиями тяжелой степени (CIN II+/HSIL). У 30 пациенток основной группы был применен противовирусный и иммуномодулирующий препарат Панавир внутривенно и интравагинально перед и  после проведения эксцизионного метода лечения. У 30 больных контрольной группы было использовано только эксцизионное лечение. Установлено, что комплексная терапия, включающая применение противовирусного препарата на системном и локальном уровнях перед проведением эксцизионных методов, повышает эффективность лечения, способствует сокращению рецидивирования процесса, приводит к элиминации вируса папилломы человека в 93,3% случаев.

According to the results of modern studies, a high prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has been revealed among patients of reproductive age. Aggressive disease management tactics in these patients is associated with the loss of a sufficiently significant volume of cervical tissue and an increase in the frequency of various complications. It is advisable to conduct complex therapy, including the use of an antiviral drug before excision treatment. This article presents a comparative analysis of the results of complex therapy in 60 patients with HPV-associated severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II+/HSIL). In 30 patients of the main group, the antiviral and immunomodulatory drug panavir was administered intravenously and intravaginally before and after excision treatment. In 30 patients of the control group, only excision treatment was used. It has been established that the use of complex therapy with an antiviral drug at the systemic and local levels before excision treatments increases the effectiveness of the therapy, reduces the recurrence of the process, and leads to the elimination of human papillomavirus in 93.3% of cases.
MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF HPV-ASSOCIATED INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA OF THE VAGINUS AND CERVIX
Authors: Чулкова Е.А. , Зароченцева Н.В. , Чулкова О.В. , Трищенкова О.В.
Published: May 2024

Неуклонный рост числа женщин с предраковыми заболеваниями шейки матки и влагалища, а также выраженная тенденция к омоложению онкологической патологии свидетельствуют об актуальности поиска, разработки и внедрения новых подходов к профилактике, диагностике и лечению рецидивов плоскоклеточного интраэпителиального поражения высокой степени. Метод флуоресцентной диагностики основан на возможности распознавания новообразований, состоящих из атипических клеток, по индуцированной световым излучением характерной флуоресценции экзо- и эндогенных флюорохромов. В статье представлены собственные данные по эффективности проведения фотодиагностики и фотодинамической терапии цервикальных и влагалищных интраэпителиальных неоплазий. Применение фотодинамической терапии как в качестве самостоятельного метода лечения, так и в комбинации с другими методами способствует значительному снижению вероятности возникновения ВПЧ-ассоциированных рецидивов, сокращению продолжительности противовирусной терапии в сравнении со стандартными методиками.

The steady increase in the number of women with precancerous diseases of the cervix and vagina, as well as a pronounced trend towards rejuvenation of oncological pathology, indicate the relevance of the search, development and implementation of new approaches to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of relapses of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The fluorescence diagnostic method is based on the ability to recognize neoplasms consisting of atypical cells by the characteristic fluorescence of exo-and endogenous fluorochromes induced by light radiation. The article presents our own data on the effectiveness of photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. The use of photodynamic therapy, both as an independent method of treatment and in combination with other methods, leads to a significant reduction in the likelihood of HPV-associated relapses and a reduction in the duration of antiviral therapy in comparison with standard methods.
Justicia laboral. El desafío de mantener la igualdad de plazos
Authors: Bustamante Zavala Juan Carlos , Cáceres De Bustamante Teresa Patricia , Bustamante Caceres Giancarlo , Aliaga Guevara Frisa María Antonieta
Published: May 2024

El objetivo de este libro fue identificar cómo el plazo otorgado al demandante en el proceso abreviado laboral afecta el principio de igualdad de las partes, según lo establecido en la Ley N° 29749, Nueva Ley Procesal del Trabajo. La investigación se centró en un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo básico, con un método deductivo y un nivel correlacional, adoptando un diseño no experimental: Transversal-Descriptivo. Se utilizó una encuesta como técnica y un cuestionario como instrumento, aplicándolos a abogados, jueces y docentes universitarios. Tras evaluar los resultados, se observó que más del 60% consideró que el principio de igualdad de las partes se ve vulnerado, y aproximadamente el 60% opinó que el plazo dado al demandante para conocer la respuesta vulnera sus derechos. Se concluyó que el "tiempo prudencial" concedido al demandante para recibir la respuesta de la demanda refleja la urgencia en el proceso judicial frente al debido proceso y la violación del principio de igualdad de las partes.
ՀՀ գնաճի և մակրոտնտեսական ցուցանիշների միջև փոխազդեցության էկոնոմետրիկ վերլուծություն
Authors: Խառատյան Ալվարդ , Սարգսյան Աննա
Published: May 2024

Աշխատանքում վեկտորական ավտոռեգրեսիայի (VAR) մոդելի կիրառմամբ 1996-2023 թթ. եռամսյակային տվյալների հիման վրա գնահատվել են Հայաստանում գնաճի, տնտեսական աճի, փոխարժեքի և արտերկրից փոխանցվող անձնական տրանսֆերտների փոխադարձ կապերը, ինչպես նաև՝ այդ փոփոխականների վրա պատահական շոկերի դինամիկ ազդեցությունները: Արդյունքների համաձայն՝ կարճաժամկետ հեռանկարում գնաճը նշանակալի դրական ազդեցություն ունի տնտեսական աճի վրա: Գնաճի վրա արտերկրից փոխանցվող անձնական տրանսֆերտներն ունեն նշանակալի դրական, իսկ տնտեսական աճը՝ նշանակալի բացասական ազդեցություն: Տնտեսական աճը և գնաճը փոխարժեքի փոփոխության պատճառն են ըստ Գրեյնջերի: Կարճաժամկետ հատվածում և տնտեսական աճը և գնաճը նպաստում են դրամի արժևորմանը:
Տնտեսական աճ փոփոխականի սեփական շոկի ազդեցությունը երկարաժամկետ է, իսկ գնաճինը և փոխարժեքինը՝ կարճաժամկետ: Ոչ սեփական շոկերի ազդեցությունները թույլ են: Դիսպերսիոն վերլուծության արդյունքներով՝ տնտեսական աճի և գնաճի վարիացիաների մեջ մեծ է սեփական շոկի ներդրումը, իսկ փոխարժեքի վարիացիայի մեջ տնտեսական աճը և գնաճը նշանակալի ներդրում ունեն:
Ծխախոտային արտադրանքի շրջանառության ոլորտի զարգացման միտումները Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում
Authors: Ղազարյան Էդուարդ , Հովհաննիսյան Դավիթ , Արթենյան Մոնիկա
Published: May 2024

Նի­կո­տին պա­րու­նա­կող ծխա­խո­տի ար­տադ­րան­քի հա­մաշ­խար­հա­յին ման­րա­ծախ ի­րա­ցու­մը 2020 թ. կազ­մել է մոտ 853 մի­լիարդ դո­լար։ Սի­գա­րետ­նե­րի ման­րա­ծախ ի­րաց­ման ծա­վա­լը 5,2 տրի­լիոն գլա­նակ է, ո­րը կազ­մում է ընդ­հա­նուր ի­րաց­ման ծա­վա­լի շուրջ 84․1 տո­կո­սը։ Այս ցու­ցա­նի­շին սի­գար­նե­րի և սի­գա­րի­լա­նե­րի քա­նակն ա­վե­լաց­նե­լու դեպ­քում կստաց­վի, որ 2020 թ. ծխա­խո­տի ար­տադ­րան­քի ման­րա­ծախ ի­րաց­ման շուրջ 93․1 տո­կո­սը այր­վող ծխա­խոտն է:
Հա­մա­ձայն Ա­ռող­ջա­պա­հութ­յան հա­մաշ­խար­հա­յին կազ­մա­կեր­պութ­յան տվյալ­նե­րի՝ 2020 թ. աշ­խար­հի բնակ­չութ­յան 22 տո­կոսն օգ­տա­գոր­ծում է ծխա­խո­տի ար­տադ­րանք։ Հա­յաս­տա­նի Հան­րա­պե­տութ­յու­նը ծխող­նե­րի տե­սա­կա­րար կշռով զբա­ղեց­նում է աշ­խար­հում 42-րդ տե­ղը (25․5 տո­կոս)։ Ու­սում­նա­սի­րութ­յու­նը ցույց է տվել, որ ծխա­խո­տի ար­տադ­րան­քի ներ­մուծ­ման ծա­վա­լը 2022 թ. 2019 թ. հա­մե­մատ նվա­զել է գրե­թե 20 տո­կո­սով, իսկ տա­քաց­վող ծխա­խո­տի և­ է­լեկտ­րո­նա­յին ծխա­խո­տի ներ­մուծ­ման ծա­վալ­ներն ա­ճել են։ Ծ­խա­խո­տի ար­տադ­րան­քի (սի­գա­րետ­նե­րի) 37 և տա­քաց­վող ծխա­խո­տի 99 տո­կո­սը ներ­մուծ­վել է Ռու­սաս­տա­նի Դաշ­նութ­յու­նից, իսկ է­լեկտ­րո­նա­յին սի­գա­րետ­նե­րի 68 տո­կո­սը՝ Չի­նաս­տա­նից։ Սի­գա­րե­տի ար­տա­հան­ման ընդ­հա­նուր ծա­վա­լի 72 և տա­քաց­վող ծխա­խո­տի 75 տո­կո­սը ար­տա­հան­վել է Ի­րա­քի Հան­րա­պե­տութ­յուն։
Physical Education Teachers’ Strategies and Challenges in Instructional Delivery in the Post Pandemic Era
Authors: Culajara Carla Jobelle
Published: May 2024

The study explores the physical education teachers’ strategies and challenges in instructional delivery in the post-pandemic era. The study used qualitative research design using phenomenological approaches. Ten physical education teachers participated in the survey to share their experiences delivering instructions in the post-pandemic era. Codes and themes were transcribed in the study. Based on the study, the following themes have emerged:  technology-based instructions, differentiated teaching strategies, socio-emotional preparedness, and engagement of students. Based on the findings, as part of the change, teachers are expected to develop their instructional practices further and keep up with the trend of delivering quality education services. As teachers improve and enhance their practices in providing instructions, they experience challenges that serve as an avenue of learning and upskilling their strategies as well as their mechanisms of teaching in the post-pandemic era. Thus, integrating technology and upskilling the knowledge and skills in instructional delivery must be prioritized in the ever-changing educational landscape.
Teacher Factors and Students’ Attitude to Literature in English in Ayedaade Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olatunji Sheriff Olamide
Published: May 2024

The study investigated teacher factors and students' attitudes to Literature in English. The research focuses mainly on Ayedaade Local Government Area, Osun State. Two hundred SS II students and 20 teachers of Literature in English participated in the study. Teacher-Student Relationship Observation Schedule, Teacher Motivation Questionnaire, Teacher Teaching Style Observation Schedule, and Students’ Attitude to Literature in English Questionnaire were used for data collection. The study showed a negative, insignificant relationship between teacher-student relationships and students' attitudes. The positive, low, non-significant relationship existed between teacher motivation teaching style and students' attitude. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that teachers should be trained and equipped with classroom engagement skills that would enable them to communicate effectively with the students.