bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulated distributions of pumice rafts in Japan following eruptions at volcanic islands and submarine volcanoes
Authors: Nishikawa Haruka , Kuwatani Tatsu , Tada Noriko , Kayama Watanabe Hiromi
Published: April 2023

Voluminous pumice rafts produced by the 2021 phreatomagmatic eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba, a submarine volcano located in the Izu-Bonin Islands, reached many Japanese ports and islands, damaging fisheries and hindering marine traffic and trade. This event emphasized the necessity for governments and stakeholders to develop plans in advance and prepare disaster mitigation measures before an eruption. To investigate when and to what extent pumice might intersect trade routes and arrive at islands after future eruptions, we conducted particle tracking simulations of eruptions at major volcanic islands and submarine volcanoes near Japan using the velocity field from the ocean reanalysis dataset. Seven major volcanoes that have produced pumice rafts in the past century were selected: the submarine volcano NNE of Iriomote Island, Izu-Tobu Volcanoes, Miyakejima, Bayonnaise Rocks, Nishinoshima, Kaitoku Seamount, and Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba. We partly reproduced the distribution of pumice arrivals recorded after the 1986 Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba eruption, demonstrating the potential effectiveness of the simulations. We report likely pumice raft arrivals and drifting durations for the investigated eruptive scenarios, which may aid future risk assessments for pumice arrivals.
The effect of Universal Teacher–Child Interaction Training on Hispanic teachers’ sense of self-efficacy in early childhood education and care settings
Authors: Rivas Alexandra , Mooss Angela , Pontier Christine Hughes , Romillo Jackie , Muñoz Emma
Published: April 2023

Disparities exist in the availability of high-quality early childhood education and care settings (ECEC) across communities within the United States. Teachers have an imperative role in fostering children’s socioemotional development; however, when the classroom climate deteriorates due to disruptive behavior, meeting these emotional and learning needs becomes more difficult. Dealing with challenging behaviors can lead to emotional exhaustion which is directly linked to a decrease in teacher sense of efficacy. Teacher–Child Interaction Training-Universal (TCIT-U) targets teachers’ skills to provide quality interactions and decrease child behavior problems. Despite evidence that teacher sense of self-efficacy can inhibit negative teaching practices, a lack of research has explored this construct as related to TCIT-U. The current study is a randomized, wait-list control study measuring the change of teachers’ sense of self-efficacy after participating in TCIT-U, and the first known of its kind. The study included mostly Hispanic (96.4%) teachers (N = 84) of ECEC programs across 13 unique sites serving 900 children ages 2–5 years from low-income, urban areas. Results from inferential statistics and hierarchical linear regression tests demonstrated TCIT-U as an effective intervention to improve teachers’ sense of efficacy in classroom management, instructional strategies, and student engagement. In addition, this study contributes to the effectiveness of TCIT-U as an in-service training which targets teacher communication skills for teachers with diverse backgrounds in ECEC settings with mostly dual language learners.
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery via bilateral thoracotomy in treatment of left ventricle aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Kanazawa Yuta , Saito Shunsuke , Shibasaki Ikuko , Matsuoka Taiki , Hirota Shotaro , Yokoyama Shouhei , Kanno Yasuyuki , Tezuka Masahiro , Tsuchiya Go , Konishi Taisuke , Ogata Koji , Fukuda Hirotsugu
Published: April 2023

Background

Left ventricle aneurysm (LVA) as a sequela to myocardial infarction or iatrogenic injury is required surgical treatment with full median sternotomy. Herein, we report a case of successful surgical treatment of left ventricle aneurysm performed by minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS).

Case presentation

We describe a case of a LVA treated by minimally invasive cardiac surgery in an 82-year-old woman who reported to the hospital with the complaint of chest pains at rest. Computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography revealed a left ventricle apical aneurysm. The aneurysm was suspected to be a pseudoaneurysm caused by a previous myocardial infarction. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia, with the patient in a supine position. A small incision was made in the 3rd intercostal space through which an aortic root vent cannula and aortic clamp were inserted, followed by exposing the aneurysm via incision of the left 6th intercostal space. The aneurysm was resected and pathologically examined, revealing it to be a “true” aneurysm. The left ventricle wall was closed using polypropene mattress sutures. Postoperative CT scan revealed successful resection of the aneurysm. Usually, a surgical treatment with full median sternotomy and left ventriculostomy is indicated for LVA. We decided to treat the LVA with bilateral thoracotomy MICS. We preferred to perform this procedure under cardiac arrest to ensure safe and secure closure of the aneurysm. The right small thoracotomy was necessary for aortic cross-clamping and aortic root venting.

Conclusions

The procedure was safe and simple and yielded excellent postoperative outcomes. Therefore, we speculate that this method can be applied to the management of larger aneurysms.
In-silico characterization of the relationship between the Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus prevalence at the piglet and litter levels in a farrowing room
Authors: Osemeke Onyekachukwu H. , de Freitas Costa Eduardo , Weide Vinicius , Jayaraman Swaminathan , Silva Gustavo S. , Linhares Daniel C. L.
Published: April 2023

Background

Family oral fluids (FOF) sampling has been described as a sampling technique where a rope is exposed to sows and respective suckling litters and thereafter wrung to obtain fluids. PCR-based testing of FOF reveals presence of PRRS virus RNA only at the litter level, as opposed to conventional individual-animal-based sampling methods that demonstrate PRRSV RNA at the piglet level. The relationship between the PRRSV prevalence at the individual piglet level and at the litter level in a farrowing room has not been previously characterized. Using Monte Carlo simulations and data from a previous study, the relationship between the proportion of PRRSV-positive (viremic) pigs in the farrowing room, the proportion of litters in the farrowing room with at least one viremic pig, and the likely proportion of litters to be positive by a FOF RT-rtPCR test in a farrowing room was characterized, taking into account the spatial distribution (homogeneity) of viremic pigs within farrowing rooms.

Results

There was a linear relationship between piglet-level- and litter-level prevalence, where the latter was always larger than the former. When the piglet-level prevalence was 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 50%, the true-litter level prevalence was 5.36%, 8.93%, 14.29%, 23.21%, and 53.57%, respectively. The corresponding apparent-litter prevalence by FOF was 2.06%, 6.48%, 11.25%, 21.60%, and 51.56%, respectively.

Conclusion

This study provides matching prevalence estimates to help guide sample size calculations. It also provides a framework to estimate the likely proportion of viremic pigs, given the PRRSV RT-rtPCR positivity rate of FOF samples submitted from a farrowing room.
Anesthetic management of external iliac artery transection in a morbidly obese patient with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome: a case report
Authors: Hirai Naoki , Kinoshita Hirotaka , Kitayama Masato , Kushikata Tetsuya , Hirota Kazuyoshi
Published: April 2023

Background

We report the anesthetic management of an external iliac artery transection in a morbidly obese patient with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS).

Case presentation

A 47-year-old man with KTWS was scheduled for a right external iliac artery transection. Preoperative CT showed a right external iliac artery aneurysm, a right superficial femoral artery aneurysm, and developed collateral vessels. General anesthesia was maintained with desflurane, remifentanil, and rocuronium bromide. After the transection of the right external iliac artery, the regional saturation of oxygen (rSO2) value of the right femoral did not decrease. There was no significant hemodynamic change before or after the transection. A non-ultrasound-guided rectus abdominis sheath block was performed due to the many collateral vessels. After extubation, the patient did not complain of postoperative pain.

Conclusions

In the transection of lower-extremity blood arteries under laparotomy in patients with KTWS, rSO2 monitoring, hemodynamic monitoring, and combined regional anesthesia could be useful.
Infant and young child feeding practices and the factors that influence them: a qualitative study
Authors: Weber Mary Beth , Palmer Wendy , Griffin Monica , Welsh Jean A.
Published: April 2023

Background

Early child feeding is important for healthy growth and forming positive eating behaviors.

Methods

This qualitative study sought to describe early childhood feeding behaviors, challenges, and opportunities through four focus group discussions with a diverse group of mothers of at least one child under two years or pregnant with their first child.

Results

Although providing healthy foods was a priority, feeding behaviors reflected the mothers’ partial understanding of infant and child nutrition. Mothers sought guidance on early child feeding from several sources, including in-person and virtual relationships but made decisions based largely on their own instincts. Participants consulted clinicians the least often, and mothers often felt frustrated by strict guidelines and negative messaging. Mothers were most receptive to suggestions when they felt supported and valued in the decision-making process.

Conclusions

In order to help mothers provide the best nutrition for their young children, clinicians should use positive tones, provide flexibility when possible, and work to create open lines of communication with parents.
γ-tocotrienol regulates gastric cancer by targeting notch signaling pathway
Authors: Xie Ling , Yan Juan
Published: April 2023

Background

Gastric cancer is a common cause of death from cancer and an important global health care issue. Consequently, there is an urgent need to find new drugs and therapeutic targets for the treatment of gastric cancer. Recent studies have shown that tocotrienols (T3) have significant anticancer ability in cancer cell lines. Our previous study found that γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3) induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. We further explored the possible mechanisms of γ-T3 therapy for gastric cancer.

Methods

In this study, we treated gastric cancer cells with γ-T3, collect and deposit the cells. γ-T3-treated gastric cancer cells group and untreated group were subjected to RNA-seq assay, and analysis of sequencing results.

Results

Consistent with our previous findings, the results suggest that γ-T3 can inhibit mitochondrial complexes and oxidative phosphorylation. Analysis reveals that γ-T3 has altered mRNA and ncRNA in gastric cancer cells. Significantly altered signaling pathways after γ-T3 treatment were enriched for human papillomavirus infection (HPV) pathway and notch signaling pathway. The same significantly down-regulated genes notch1 and notch2 were present in both pathways in γ-T3-treated gastric cancer cells compared to controls.

Conclusions

It is indicated that γ-T3 may cure gastric cancer by inhibiting the notch signaling pathway. To provide a new and powerful basis for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.
Utilizing 3D printing to assist pre-procedure planning of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures: a pilot study
Authors: Richards Lucas , Dalla Shiv , Fitzgerald Sharon , Walter Carissa , Ash Ryan , Miller Kirk , Alli Adam , Rohr Aaron
Published: April 2023

Background

3D (three-dimensional) printing has been adopted by the medical community in several ways, procedure planning being one example. This application of technology has been adopted by several subspecialties including interventional radiology, however the planning of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement has not yet been described. The impact of a 3D printed model on procedural measures such as procedure time, radiation exposure, intravascular contrast dosage, fluoroscopy time, and provider confidence has also not been reported.

Methods

This pilot study utilized a quasi-experimental design including patients who underwent TIPS. For the control group, retrospective data was collected on patients who received a TIPS prior to Oct 1, 2020. For the experimental group, patient-specific 3D printed models were integrated in the care of patients that received TIPS between Oct 1, 2020 and April 15, 2021. Data was collected on patient demographics and procedural measures. The interventionalists were surveyed on their confidence level and model usage following each procedure in the experimental group.

Results

3D printed models were created for six TIPS. Procedure time (p = 0.93), fluoroscopy time (p = 0.26), and intravascular contrast dosage (p = 0.75) did not have significant difference between groups. Mean radiation exposure was 808.8 mGy in the group with a model compared to 1731.7 mGy without, however this was also not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Out of 11 survey responses from interventionists, 10 reported “increased” or “significantly increased” confidence after reviewing the 3D printed model and all responded that the models were a valuable tool for trainees.

Conclusions

3D printed models of patient anatomy can consistently be made using consumer-level, desktop 3D printing technology. This study was not adequately powered to measure the impact that including 3D printed models in the planning of TIPS procedures may have on procedural measures. The majority of interventionists reported that patient-specific models were valuable tools for teaching trainees and that confidence levels increased as a result of model inclusion in procedure planning.
Developing a gamified artificial intelligence educational robot to promote learning effectiveness and behavior in laboratory safety courses for undergraduate students
Authors: Yang Qi-Fan , Lian Li-Wen , Zhao Jia-Hua
Published: April 2023

According to previous studies, traditional laboratory safety courses are delivered in a classroom setting where the instructor teaches and the students listen and read the course materials passively. The course content is also uninspiring and dull. Additionally, the teaching period is spread out, which adds to the instructor's workload. As a result, students become less motivated to learn. In contrast, artificially intelligent educational robots (AIERs), help students learn while lessening the workload on instructors by enhancing teaching strategies, using robots to substitute for teachers, giving students access to a variety of instructional content, and improving interaction with students through the use of intelligent voice interactions and Q&A systems to promote student engagement in learning. If the robot is used for a long time for learning, it may lead to a decrease in students' interest in learning. Therefore, this study introduces the GAFCC model (the theory-driven gamification goal, access, feedback, challenge, collaboration design model) as an instructional design model to guide the development of a gamified AIER system, aiming to improve students' motivation and learning effectiveness for laboratory safety courses. To test the effectiveness of the system, this study conducted an experimental study at a university in China in the summer of 2022. 53 participants participated in the research, with a random sample taken from each group. Each participant was able to choose the time of their free time to engage in the experiment. There were 18, 19, and 16 participants in experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and the traditional group, respectively. Students in experimental group 1 learned using the gamified AIER system, students in experimental group 2 learned on a general anthropomorphic robot system and the control group received traditional classroom learning. The experimental results showed that compared to the other two groups, the gamified AIER system guided by the GAFCC model significantly improved students' learning achievement and enhanced their learning motivation, flow experience, and problem-solving tendency. In addition, students who adopted this approach exhibited more positive behaviors and reduced cognitive load in the learning process.
Studies to identify an alternative aphid host for culturing the predatory syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Udayakumar Amala , Chandramanu K. G. R. , Joshi Sunil , Shivalingaswamy Timalapur M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Aphidophagous syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is an effective predator of aphids that infest many agricultural and horticultural crops. Cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the natural host for culturing syrphid predator, I. scutellaris. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding and development of I. scutellaris on seven species of aphid hosts viz., A. craccivora, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypii Glover (from cotton), Schoutedenia emblica (Patel & Kulkarni), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Aphis gossypii (from okra) and Hyperomyzus carduellinus (Theobald) and to identify an alternative aphid host to maintain the culture of I. scutellaris during the situation of non-availability/loss of the culture of A. craccivora.

Results

Aphis fabae was not accepted for feeding by the larvae of I. scutellaris. The larvae of I. scutellaris did not survive on S. emblica. The descending order of feeding potential of aphids by I. scutellaris was A. craccivora > H. carduellinus > B.brassicae > A. gossypii (from cotton) > A. gossypii (from okra) > S. emblica. The larva of I. suctellaris completed its development in combination of the aphid prey (A. craccivora + H. carduellinus). The net reproductive rates (R0) of I. scutellaris when fed on A. craccivora and H. carduellinus were 308.28 and 302.33, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of I. scutellaris was significantly higher when reared on H. carduellinus (0.155 ± 0.003) than on A. craccivora (0.143 ± 0.004).

Conclusion

The results confirmed that H. carduellinus reared on Lactuca virosa could serve as an alternate host for the mass production of I. scutellaris.
Rethinking the syndemic of tuberculosis and dysglycaemia: a Kenyan perspective on dysglycaemia as a neglected risk factor for tuberculosis
Authors: Kerama Cheryl , Horne David , Ong’ang’o Jane , Anzala Omu
Published: April 2023

Background

The END TB 2035 goal has a long way to go in low-income and low/middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) from the perspective of a non-communicable disease (NCD) control interaction with tuberculosis (TB). The World Health Organization has identified diabetes as a determinant for, and an important yet neglected risk factor for tuberculosis. National guidelines have dictated testing time points, but these tend to be at an isolated time point rather than over a period of time. This article aims to give perspective on the syndemic interaction of tuberculosis and dysglycaemia and how the gaps in addressing the two may hamper progress towards END TB 2035.

Main text

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) has a strong predictive association with the progression to subsequent diabetes. Therefore, screening using this measure could be a good way to screen at TB initiation therapy, in lieu of using the random blood sugar or fasting plasma glucose only. HbA1C has an observed gradient with mortality risk making it an informative predictor of outcomes. Determining the progression of dysglycaemia from diagnosis to end of treatment and shortly after may offer information on the best time point to screen and follow-up. Despite TB and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease care being free, hidden costs remain. These costs are additive if there is accompanying dysglycaemia. Regardless of receiving TB treatment, it is estimated that almost half of persons affected by pulmonary TB develop post-TB lung disease (PTLD) as an outcome and the contribution of dysglycaemia is not well described.

Conclusions

Establishing costs of treating TB with diabetes/prediabetes alone and in the additional context of HIV co-infection will inform policy makers on what it takes, financially, to treat these patients and subsidize dysglycaemia care. In Kenya, cardiovascular disease is only rivalled by infectious disease as a cause of mortality, and diabetes is a well-described risk factor for cardiac disease. In poor countries, communicable diseases are responsible for majority of the mortality burden, but societal shifts and rural–urban migration may have contributed to the observed increase of NCDs.
Cats, foxes and fire: quantitative review reveals that invasive predator activity is most likely to increase shortly after fire
Authors: Doherty Tim S. , Watchorn Darcy J. , Miritis Vivianna , Pestell Angela J. L. , Geary William L.
Published: April 2023

Background

Predators and fire shape ecosystems across the globe and these two forces can interact to impact prey populations. This issue is particularly pertinent in Australia where there is considerable scientific and public interest in the post-fire impacts of two invasive predators—the feral cat and red fox. It remains unclear, though, whether increased cat and fox activity in response to fire is a general phenomenon, or whether the responses are highly context-specific and not generalisable.

Results

We reviewed and analysed existing literature and found that a range of positive (e.g., increased activity in burnt areas), negative (decreased activity), and neutral responses have been recorded across different studies and locations. Mixed effects modelling revealed that positive responses to fire were more likely when areas were burnt more recently (shorter time since fire). The mean likelihood of increased activity by cats decreased from 41% at 0 months post-fire to 10% at 100 months post-fire, whereas the mean probability for foxes decreased from 53 to 10%. This suggests that there may be a critical time period immediately post-fire when prey are most vulnerable to elevated impacts of predators, and within which management interventions are likely to be most impactful.

Conclusions

Many of our findings can be identified as potential cases of either mechanistic or apparent context dependency (variation in recorded patterns due to observational and ecological factors). This provides a pathway for the design of future studies that will enhance our understanding of predator responses to fire, both in Australia and globally. Conservation policy and management will benefit from additional research spanning a greater range of ecosystems and fire events, along with a more comprehensive and nuanced interpretation of existing evidence.
Beyond treatment of chronic pain: a scoping review about epidural electrical spinal cord stimulation to restore sensorimotor and autonomic function after spinal cord injury
Authors: Luz Antonia , Rupp Rüdiger , Ahmadi Rezvan , Weidner Norbert
Published: April 2023

Epidural electrical epinal cord stimulation (ESCS) is an established therapeutic option in various chronic pain conditions. In the last decade, proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated that ESCS in combination with task-oriented rehabilitative interventions can partially restore motor function and neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). In addition to the ESCS applications for improvement of upper and lower extremity function, ESCS has been investigated for treatment of autonomic dysfunction after SCI such as orthostatic hypotension. The aim of this overview is to present the background of ESCS, emerging concepts and its readiness to become a routine therapy in SCI beyond treatment of chronic pain conditions.
Nasal and laryngeal sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent individual: a case report
Authors: Roslle Nabihah , Noh Khairul Bariah , Ahmad Mohd Ayzam , Sachlin Ida Sadjaah , Husain Salina
Published: April 2023

Background

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii infection, that usually results from the traumatic implantation of the fungus into the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis is a rare entity that usually presents in the immunosuppressed individual. They are sometimes mimicking malignancy and tuberculosis. Here, a rare case of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis involving the larynx and nasal cavity in an immunocompetent patient is reported.

Case presentation

A 54-year-old healthy lady presented with hoarseness and globus sensation over the throat with prior history of multiple skin lesions over the face, limbs, and trunk. Examination revealed erythematous papular lesions over the face, limbs, and trunk. Nasoendoscopy showed sloughy mucosa over bilateral nasal cavities, nasopharynx, base of the tongue, arytenoids, and both vocal folds with bony hard mass at the left frontal recess opening. Overall imaging features were suggestive of generalized fungal infections. Multiple biopsies from multiple sites revealed Sporothrix schenckii infection. She had resolution of the lesion after being treated with intravenous Amphotericin B for a month, oral Voriconazole for another month then oral Itraconazole for 6 months.

Conclusion

Diagnosis of disseminated sporotrichosis can be tricky and difficult to diagnose as it can mimic other diagnoses. Education is paramount important in identifying the illness as it can be seen in immunocompetent individuals, although it is more common in the immunosuppressed individual.
Depression, anxiety and medication adherence among tuberculosis patients attending treatment centres in Fako Division, Cameroon: cross-sectional study
Authors: Anye Lionel Che , Agbortabot Bissong Marie Ebob , Njundah Anna Longdoh , Siewe Fodjo Joseph Nelson
Published: April 2023

Background

Tuberculosis remains a public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Patients with tuberculosis often suffer from anxiety and depression, which is likely to affect adherence to the long course of tuberculosis treatment.

Aims

This study sought to investigate depression, anxiety and medication adherence among Cameroonian tuberculosis patients.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2022 across five treatment centres in Fako Division, Southwest Region, Cameroon. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with tuberculosis patients using a structured questionnaire. Sociodemographic information was obtained, and the following tools were administered to participants: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Oslo Social Support Scale, and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to investigate determinants of depression and anxiety.

Results

A total of 375 participants were recruited (mean age: 35 ± 12.2 years; 60.5% male). The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety among tuberculosis patients were 47.7% and 29.9%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the odds of depression were significantly increased by having extrapulmonary tuberculosis, non-adherence to treatment, having no source of income, household size <5 and poor social support. Predictors for anxiety included extrapulmonary tuberculosis, defaulting tuberculosis treatment for ≥2 months, family history of mental illness, HIV/tuberculosis co-infection, being married, poor social support and non-adherence to treatment.

Conclusions

The prevalence of depression and anxiety in tuberculosis patients is relatively high, and diverse factors may be responsible. Therefore, holistic and comprehensive care for tuberculosis patients by mental health practitioners is highly encouraged, especially for the high-risk groups identified.
Trametinib in Patients With NF1-, GNAQ-, or GNA11-Mutant Tumors: Results From the NCI-MATCH ECOG-ACRIN Trial (EAY131) Subprotocols S1 and S2
Authors: Wisinski Kari B. , Flamand Yael , Wilson Melissa A. , Luke Jason J. , Tawbi Hussein A. , Hong Fangxin , Mitchell Edith P. , Zwiebel James A. , Chen Helen , Gray Robert J. , Li Shuli , McShane Lisa M. , Rubinstein Lawrence V. , Patton David , Williams P. Mickey , Hamilton Stanley R. , Behrens Robert J. , Pennington Kathryn P. , Conley Barbara A. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Harris Lyndsay N. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Chen Alice P. , Flaherty Keith T.
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE

NCI-MATCH is a precision medicine trial using genomic testing to allocate patients with advanced malignancies to targeted treatment subprotocols. This report combines two subprotocols evaluating trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with Neurofibromatosis 1 ( NF1[S1] or GNA11/Q [S2]) altered tumors.

METHODS

Eligible patients had tumors with deleterious inactivating NF1 or GNA11/Q mutations by the customized Oncomine AmpliSeq panel. Prior MEK inhibitor treatment was excluded. Glioblastomas (GBMs) were permitted, including malignancies associated with germline NF1 mutations (S1 only). Trametinib was administered at 2 mg once daily over 28-day cycles until toxicity or disease progression. Primary end point was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months, PFS, and overall survival. Exploratory analyses included co-occurring genomic alterations and PTEN loss.

RESULTS

Fifty patients were eligible and started therapy: 46 with NF1 mutations (S1) and four with GNA11 mutations (S2). In the NF1 cohort, nonsense single-nucleotide variants were identified in 29 and frameshift deletions in 17 tumors. All in S2 had nonuveal melanoma and GNA11 Q209L variant. Two partial responses (PR) were noted in S1, one patient each with advanced lung cancer and GBM for an ORR of 4.3% (90% CI, 0.8 to 13.1). One patient with melanoma in S2 had a PR (ORR, 25%; 90% CI, 1.3 to 75.1). Prolonged stable disease (SD) was also noted in five patients (four in S1 and one in S2) with additional rare histologies. Adverse events were as previously described with trametinib. Comutations in TP53 and PIK3CA were common.

CONCLUSION

Although these subprotocols did not meet the primary end point for ORR, significant responses or prolonged SD noted in some disease subtypes warrants further investigation.
I-V curve of the electron flow generated during a pyroelectric effect in lithium tantalate single crystal in vacuum conditions
Authors: Oleinik A. N. , Gilts M. E. , Karataev P. V. , Klenin A. A. , Kubankin A. S. , Shapovalov P. G.
Published: April 2023

Realization of a pyroelectric effect in vacuum provides the possibility to develop a compact and relatively inexpensive electron source. In this paper we observe and analyze the I-V curve of electron flow generated during the pyroelectric effect in a lithium tantalate single crystal. The region of the monoenergetic electron flow with a slow change in the peak energy is determined. This phenomenon is accompanied by a current avalanche process. The analysis of the electron spectra and the I-V curve shows that the observed avalanche process and the stabilization of the peak energy occurs due to a sharp increase of secondary electrons in the total electron flow.
Adjuvant Stereotactic Radiosurgery With or Without Postresection Fractionated Radiation Therapy for the Management of Clival Chordomas in Adults: An International Multicenter Case Series
Authors: Bin-Alamer Othman , Pikis Stylianos , Mantziaris Georgios , Abdulbaki Arif , Mallela Arka N. , Lu Victor M. , Peker Selcuk , Samanci Yavuz , Nabeel Ahmed M. , Reda Wael A. , Tawadros Sameh R. , El-Shehaby Amr M. N. , Abdelkarim Khaled , Emad Eldin Reem M. , Sheehan Darrah , Sheehan Kimball , Liscak Roman , Chytka Tomas , Tripathi Manjul , Madan Renu , Speckter Herwin , Hernández Wenceslao , Barnett Gene H. , Hori Yusuke S. , Dabhi Nisha , Aldakhil Salman , Mathieu David , Kondziolka Douglas , Bernstein Kenneth , Wei Zhishuo , Niranjan Ajay , Kersh Charles R. , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason P. , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Clival chordomas are challenging because of their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been proven effective with minimal adverse effects.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the outcomes of histologically confirmed primary clival chordomas in adults who underwent SRS alone (SRS group) vs SRS after fractionated radiotherapy (FRT+SRS group).

METHODS:

We collected patient data from 10 institutions affiliated with the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation. We evaluated overall survival, tumor control, and freedom from additional treatment (FFAT).

RESULTS:

Fifty-seven (77%) patients were included in the SRS group and 17 (23%) in the FRT+SRS group. The median radiological follow-up was 48 months (IQR, 24-85) in the SRS group and 36 months (IQR, 25-41) in the FRT+SRS group. During the follow-up, 8 SRS and 2 FRT+SRS patients died (P = .80). The groups had comparable 10-year overall survival (SRS: 76% vs FRT+SRS: 80%; logrank test, P = .75) and tumor control rates (SRS: 34% vs FRT+SRS: 45%; logrank test, P = .29). The SRS group had a superior 10-year FFAT rate (40%) compared with FRT+SRS (23%; logrank test, P = .02). This finding persisted in the multivariate analysis of the Cox proportional hazards illustrating a 2.40-fold increase in the relative risk of requiring additional treatment among the FRT+SRS group (P = .04).

CONCLUSION:

Adjuvant FRT with subsequent boost SRS did not provide superior overall survival or tumor control compared with patients who underwent adjuvant SRS alone. Further studies are required to refine management guidelines among adults with clival chordomas.
A comparative study of three-dimensional cone beam computed tomographic sialography and ultrasonography in the detection of non-tumoral salivary duct diseases
Authors: Cetinkaya Volkan , Bonnet Raphael , Le Thuaut Aurélie , Corre Pierre , Mourrain-Langlois Emmanuelle , Delemazure-Chesneau Anne-Sophie , Bertin Hélios
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

To compare the overall diagnostic outcomes of 3D-CBCT sialography and ultrasonography (US) in the detection of sialolithiasis, ductal dilatation, and ductal stenosis.

Methods:

This retrospective monocentric study compared the two imaging modalities carried out in the same patients referred for salivary symptoms of the parotid and submandibular glands. The primary endpoint was the capacity of the imaging procedure to diagnose a lesion. The secondary objectives were the detection rates according to the type of lesion, analysis of the causes of failure, and the parameters of radiation exposure and safety (for 3D-CBCT sialography).

Results:

Of the 236 patients who received a 3D-CBCT sialography in our institution, 157 were ultimately included in the per-protocol analysis. 3D-CBCT sialography allowed detection of ductal lesions in 113 patients versus 86 with US. The two imaging modalities yielded congruent interpretations in 104 out of 157 subjects (66.2%). Higher sensitivity and negative predictive value were observed with 3D-CBCT sialography compared with US, irrespective of the lesions studied: 0.85 vs 0.65 and 0.70 vs 0.44, respectively. Regarding the sialolithiasis, both 3D-CBCT sialography and US allowed identification of lesions with high sensitivity and negative predictive value (0.80 vs 0.75 and 0.88 vs 0.78, respectively).

Conclusions:

US remains the first-line examination for exploration of the salivary lesions. 3D-CBCT sialography is an alternative in case of inconclusive US, and prior to any endoscopic procedure.
É UMA PANDEMIA! E AGORA? A ATUAÇÃO DO GOVERNO DO ESTADO DE SPRINGFIELD PERANTE A COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Lucila Batista , Assis Juliana Pereira de , Oliveira Cíntia Rodrigues de , Miranda Rodrigo
Published: April 2023

Este caso para ensino descreve a forma como uma situação inesperadaafeta o processo decisório dentro das organizações públicas, o que,na situação deste caso, ocorreu em razão da pandemia da COVID-19,trazendo um cenário composto de fatores que influenciam a tomadade decisões e a avaliação dos gestores diante de interesses conflitantesem torno de uma crise sanitária. No caso em questão, o contexto dapandemia colocou o gestor público diante de decisões complexas:de um lado, estavam os interesses econômicos defendidos peloGoverno Federal e pela classe de empresários; de outro, estavam osgrupos (cientistas, sociedade, movimentos sociais) que defendiamo isolamento social e as restrições como medidas efetivas contra adisseminação da COVID-19. O objetivo educacional é fomentaruma discussão e desenvolver a capacidade analítica dos estudantessobre as decisões na gestão pública, focalizando a abordagem daracionalidade limitada e a dimensão moral no processo decisório.
Μελέτη των νευροδιαβιβαστών στο εγκεφαλονωτιαίο υγρό παιδιών
Authors: Βιλανάκης Εμμανουήλ
Published: April 2023

Η ανάλυση των βιογενών αμινών και των πτερινών στο εγκεφαλονωτιαίο υγρό (ΕΝΥ) αποτελεί αξιόπιστο βιοδείκτη για τη διάγνωση κληρονομικών διαταραχών των μονοαμινικών νευροδιαβιβαστών. Στόχος: Οι στόχοι της παρούσας μελέτης είναι ο καθορισμός των τιμών αναφοράς των μεταβολιτών των βιογενών αμινών και των πτερινών στο εγκεφαλονωτιαίο υγρό σε παιδιά, η ανίχνευση πρωτογενών διαταραχών του μεταβολισμού των βιογενών αμινών και η αξιολόγηση των μεταβολιτών βιογενών αμινών σε παιδιά με διαφορετικές νευρολογικές διαταραχές.Μέθοδοι: Οι μεταβολίτες των βιογενών αμινών (ομοβανιλλικό οξύ, 5 υδρόξυινδολοξεικό οξυ, 5 υδρόξυτρυπτοφάνη, 3 ορθομεθυλντόπα) και των πτερινών (βιοπτερίνη και νεοπτερίνη) του εγκεφαλονωτιαίου υγρού, αναλύθηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας υγρή χρωματογραφία υψηλής πίεσης (HPLC) με ηλεκτροχημική ανίχνευση και ανίχνευση φθορισμού. Αναλύθηκαν τριακόσια εξήντα τέσσερα δείγματα: 60 από βρέφη και παιδιά χωρίς ιστορικό νευρολογικής διαταραχής, 7 από παιδιά με κληρονομικές διαταραχές νευροδιαβιβαστών και 297 από παιδιά με διάφορες νευρολογικές διαταραχές. Αποτελέσματα: Οι τιμές αναφοράς χωρίστηκαν σε 6 ηλικιακές ομάδες. Ανιχνεύθηκε ισχυρή συσχέτιση των επιπέδων ομοβανιλλικού οξέος (HVA) και 5-υδροξυινδολοξεικού οξέος (5HIAA) με την ηλικία (p<0,001). Τρείς ασθενείς διαγνώστηκαν με ελάττωμα στη συνθετική οδό των βιογενών αμινών και άλλοι τρείς με ελάττωμα στην παραγωγή του συμπαράγοντα τετραϋδροβιοπτερίνη (BH4). Ανωμαλίες HVA και 5HIAA ανιχνεύθηκαν σε διαφορετικές ομάδες νευρολογικών διαταραχών, αλλά καμία δεν ακολούθησε ένα συγκεκριμένο πρότυπο ανωμαλιών HVA και 5HIAA. Συμπεράσματα: Στην παρούσα μελέτη παρουσιάζονται οι ελληνικές τιμές αναφοράς των μεταβολιτών των βιογενών αμινών και των πτερινών στο εγκεφαλονωτιαίο υγρό. Περιγράφονται έξι νέοι ασθενείς με κληρονομικές διαταραχές νευροδιαβιβαστών. Μη ειδικές δευτερογενείς διαταραχές βιογενών αμινών μπορούν να παρατηρηθούν σε ασθενείς με διαφορετικές νευρολογικές διαταραχές.
Antenatal care utilization on low birth weight children among women with high-risk births
Authors: Sari Diah Puspita , Ekoriano Mario , Pujihasvuty Resti , Kistiana Sari , Nasution Sri Lilestina , Ardiana Irma , Purwoko Edy , Devi Yuli Puspita , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah
Published: April 2023

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in Indonesia, while LBW is a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Adequate antenatal care (ANC) utilization would help to prevent the incidence of LBW babies. This study aims to examine the association between ANC utilization and LBW children among women with high-risk birth criteria. High-risk birth criteria consisted of 4T which were too young (mother's age <20 years old), too old (mother's age >35 years old), too close (age gap between children <2 years), and too many (number of children >2 children). 

Methods: This study utilized calendar data from the women’s module from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), with the unit analysis only the last birth of women of childbearing age (15–49), which numbered 16,627 women. From this number, analysis was done by separating the criteria for women with high-risk birth. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the impact of ANC and socio-demographic factors on LBW among women with high-risk birth criteria. 

Results: This study revealed that only among women with too many children criteria (>2 children), adequate ANC utilization was significantly associated with LBW of children, even after controlling for a range of socio-demographic factors (p < 0.05). In all four women criteria, preterm birth was more likely to have LBW than those infants who were born normally (above and equal to 2500 grams) (p < 0.001). 

Conclusions: According to WHO, qualified ANC standards have not been fully implemented, including in the case of ANC visits of at least eight times, and it is hoped that ANC with health workers at health facilities can be increased. There is also a need for increased monitoring of pregnant women with a high risk of 4T to keep doing ANC visits to reduce LBW births.
The genome sequence of an ichneumon wasp, Alloplasta piceator (Thunberg, 1822)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Broad Gavin R. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: April 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual maleAlloplasta piceator(an ichneumonid wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae). The genome sequence is 549.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 23.7 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of Philonthus cognatus (Stephens, 1832) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), a rove beetle
Authors: Crowley Liam M , Telfer Mark , Geiser Michael ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab, Mulley John F. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: April 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Philonthus cognatus (a rove beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Staphylinidae). The genome sequence is 1,030.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 20.7 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 29,629 protein coding genes.
New records, descriptions, and redescriptions of male horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Lia Pereira , Henriques Augusto Loureiro , Krolow Tiago Kütter
Published: April 2023

Tabanidae Latreille are hematophagous and act as mechanical and biological vectors of several pathogens, and therefore they have been widely studied in both ecology and public health, as well as in taxonomy works. Males are nectarivorous and rarely captured, so for most species they remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to describe/redescribe the males of five species: Esenbeckia osornoi Fairchild, 1942, Acanthocera marginalis Walker, 1854, Dicladocera mutata Fairchild, 1958, Stypommisa aripuana Fairchild & Wilkerson, 1986, and Tabanus mucronatus Fairchild, 1961. Three males are described for the first time and two others are redescribed, we also provide a complete description of the species, including photographs of habitus, head and genitalia.
Revista CreSER No. 2 (2023)
Authors: Córdoba Restrepo Juan Felipe , Unigarro Ángela Daniela , Rosado Adriana , Aguillón Carlos William , Mena Harold , León Rodríguez Katherin Melissa , Restrepo Laura , Parada Sanabria Valentina , Sánchez Juan Camilo , Ducuara María Paula , Morales Hernán Felipe , Suárez Juan Pablo , Donato Iván , Bejarano Rosas Angie Jasleidy , Cubillos Cruz Santiago , Chaparro Amaya Alelí , Ospina Honey Alejandra , Escobar Espitia Mariana , Rodríguez Santiago , Pulido Ana Karina , Bueno Daniel , López Jenny Alexandra , Vargas Mónica , Díaz Yésica , Currea María Emilia , Piedrahita María Paula , Borondy Andrés Camilo , Acosta Manuela , García Sara Alejandra , Monasterio Laura Daniela , Sánchez Monroy Nicolás , Almeida Tinjacá Sofía , Indi Jwiku Llawtu , Moreno Abdelnur Angélica , Díaz Quiroz Mateo Andrés , Sepúlveda Ángel Gabriel , Gutiérrez Cubillos Stivenn , Calderón Acero Camilo , Calderón Ramírez Tania Alejandra , Franco Perilla Luisa María , Hernández Jorge , Hernández Stefany , Mejía Fernando , Ortiz Echeverría Óskar Antonio , Pinto Garzón Karen
Published: April 2023

"Nuestra revista CreSER recoge las voces de la comunidad estudiantil y presenta las vivencias de algunos jóvenes rosaristas que merecen ser visibles por medio de esta publicación. La apuesta es que cada uno de nuestros estudiantes se sienta reflejado a través de las voces de sus compañeros y del desarrollo de su vida profesional y personal en el interior de la Universidad. Por todo lo anterior, es un producto que cautiva y que anima a seguir trabajando arduamente en este proyecto editorial." ... Juan Felipe Córdoba Restrepo, Director Editorial, Universidad del Rosario.
Founder Turnover and Organizational Change
Authors: Kim J. Daniel , Kim Minjae
Published: April 2023

Why might start-ups not change even when doing so may enhance firm performance? It seems reasonable to point to founder presence as a potential culprit given founders’ cognitive myopia and/or commitment to the status quo. However, founder presence may instead be a facilitator of change in response to environmental uncertainty because founders can uniquely coordinate resources needed for organizational change. We empirically address these two opposing views on the impact of founder presence (versus loss) on organizational change by using a comprehensive administrative data set of start-ups in the United States. Correlational analysis shows that start-ups generally become less likely to change following founder turnover. Given the potentially endogenous nature of founder turnover, we exploit premature deaths as a natural experiment that suddenly removes some founders from their start-ups while leaving others intact. We find that start-ups are less likely to change after losing a founder, especially if the founder loss happens during an economic recession. At the same time, the effect is attenuated when losing a founder with more experience in the same industry, suggesting that founder presence can also contribute to reinforcing the status quo under some conditions. Broadly, these results not only show that founders tend to facilitate change in their organizations but also identify when founders are merely subject to organizations’ bureaucratic forces that they themselves may have imprinted originally.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1668 .
The Effect of Character Teaching on College Student Social-Emotional Character Development: A Case in Indonesia
Authors: Rianawati Rianawati , Muttaqin Imron , Herlambang Saifuddin , Wahab Wahab , Mawardi Mawardi
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of character teaching on college student socioemotional character development. The study was conducted at IAIN Pontianak, Universitas Tanjungpura and Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak. The sample was 1284 students, 388 male and 896 female. Partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) data analysis using SmartPLS was used. The findings reveal that character teaching has a significant and positive effect on college student honesty, prosociality, respect at home, respect at school, self-control, and self-development. This study suggests that colleges/universities ensure that lecturers supervise student assignments, seriousness and discipline, check students’ attendance strictly, give course assessment samples, and grade their assignments on schedule. At the end of the conclusion, implications and suggestions are given.