bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A biosurfactant-producing yeast Rhodotorula sp.CC01 utilizing landfill leachate as nitrogen source and its broad degradation spectra of petroleum hydrocarbons
Authors: Lin Xiaoyun , Zhou Hanghai , Zeng Feng , Jiang Lijia , Atakpa Edidiong Okokon , Zhang Chunfang , Xie Qinglin
Published: December 2021

In this study, a biosurfactant producing strain, Rhodotorula sp. CC01 was isolated using landfill leachate as nitrogen source, while olive oil was determined as the best sole carbon source for producing biosurfactants. The biosurfactant produced by Rhodotorula sp. CC01 was characterized as glycolipids with a critical micelle concentration of 70 mg/L, which showed stability over a wide range of pH (2–12), salinity (0–100%), and temperature (20–100°C). During the cultivation process, the surface tension decreased from 51.87 to 28.20 mN/m in 15 h, and the removal efficiency of NH4+-N reached 84.2% after 75 h cultivation with a maximum NH4+-N removal rate of 3.92 mg·L-1·h−1. In addition, Rhodotorula sp. CC01 has proven to be of great potential in remediating petroleum hydrocarbons, as revealed by chromogenic assays. The findings of this study prove a cost-effective strategy for the production of BS by yeast through the utilization of landfill leachate.
Analysis of The Global Posture of College Students With Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Zhong Jiugen , Wang Wenhao , Yu Ligen , Hou Xiaohui
Published: December 2021

Background: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is common, but methods that focus on the cervical spine have not met the patients' medical expectations.Objective: To investigate the global postural difference between students with CNP and healthy people.Design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: Twenty-seven healthy college students without neck pain and 31 students with CNP were recruited and allocated into a control group and a CNP group. Differences in standing postural indicators between the two groups were compared.Results: Compared to the control group, the leg length discrepancy and the right rearfoot angle were larger and the anterior lower limb alignment angle was smaller. In the sagittal plane, the left sagittal lower limb alignment and right cervical alignment angles were larger, while the left and right sagittal body alignment angles in the CNP group were smaller. The odds ratio calculation for the trunk forward lean, right foot valgus, and knee flexion on both sides indicated that these are risk factors for CNP, while knee varus is not a risk factor for CNP. The remaining abnormal postures were shown not to be associated with CNP.Limitation: This study did not conduct in-depth research on the physiological state of the muscles, joints, and other structures, and we did not apply these theories to practice.Conclusions: Abnormal posture in students with CNP is mainly concentrated in the sagittal plane. Trunk forward lean, foot valgus, and knee flexion on both sides are risk factors for CNP.
Maintenance Status and Availability of Public Automated External Defibrillators: Results of On-Site Inspection
Authors: Kim Tae Youn , Jung Yun-kyoung , Yoon Sun Hwa , Kim Sun Ju , Cha Kyoung-chul , Jung Woo Jin , Roh Young Il , Kim Soyeong , Kim Sung Hwa , Kang Dae Ryong , Hwang Sung Oh
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study aimed to assess the maintenance status and availability of publicly installed automated external defibrillators (AEDs).
Methods

Public AEDs installed in Seoul 2013 to 2017 were included. An inspector checked the maintenance status and availability of AEDs annually using a checklist.
Results

A total of 23,619 AEDs were inspected for 5 years. Access to AEDs was improved, including reduced obstacles around AEDs (from 9.3% in 2013 to 0.8% in 2017) and increased AED signs (from 34.3% in 2013 to 91.2% in 2017). The number of AEDs in normal operation (from 94.0% in 2013 to 97.5% in 2017), with normal battery charge (from 95.6% in 2013 to 96.8% in 2018), and electrode availability increased (from 97.1% in 2013 to 99.0% in 2017). However, the rate of electrode validity decreased (from 90.0% in 2013 to 87.2% in 2017). Non-ready-to-use AEDs and AEDs with limited 24-h availability accounted for 15.4% and 44.1% of the total number of AEDs, respectively.
Conclusions

Although most AEDs had a relatively good maintenance status, a significant proportion of public AEDs was not available for 24-h use. Invalid electrodes and limited 24-h accessibility were the main reasons that limited the 24-h availability of public AEDs.
Climate Change Increased The Compound Extreme Precipitation-Flood Events In A Representative Watershed of The Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: He Yuxiu , Wang Qiang , Xu Youpeng , Li Ziyi , Yuan Jia , Lu Miao , Lin Zhixin
Published: December 2021

A compound perspective on hydrological extreme events is of paramount significance as it may lead to damages with larger losses. In this study, an integrated framework, based on downscaled climate variables and hydrological model, i.e. the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, was applied to generate extreme precipitation (Rx1day) and extreme streamflow (Sx1day) series under historical and future climate conditions. Then the potential impacts of climate change for univariate and bivariate joint frequency of extreme precipitation and flood in Xitiaoxi River Basin (XRB), a representative watershed of the Yangtze River Delta, is detected. The compound risk of extreme precipitation and flood under different levels of joint return period for historical and projected periods are estimated by copula‐based two-dimensional approaches. Major findings can be summarized: (1) The Rx1day and Sx1day under future scenarios increased by -0.4 ~ 11.7% and 0.7 ~ 20.4%, respectively, compared to historical period based on univariate frequency analysis, indicating the increasing magnitude of the flood in the future. (2) Climate change with different emission scenarios all have a driving effect on the rising coactivity of extreme precipitation and flood under compound flooding frequency analysis. In addition, the enhancement of climate change to extreme events is more apparent for extremes with higher return period and under the periods of 2080s. (3) Moreover, the flood frequency designs are deduced by bivariate joint distribution are safer than that by univariate distribution. This study may provide actionable insights to formulate the planning scheme of flood control and disaster reduction under the changing environment.
ABCC10-Mediated Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Was Alleviated by Intense Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) / IRE1α
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Chen Hong , Sun Haimei , Guo Xiaoxia , Wu Bo , Sun Tingyi , Ji Fengqing , Yang Shu , Zhou Deshan
Published: December 2021

Background: Oxaliplatin resistance is a challenge in treating colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, contributory to the failure in chemotherapy. However, the mechanism of Oxaliplatin resistance has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we explored the key molecule involved in the Oxaliplatin resistance, which could be a candidate therapeutic target to attenuate chemo-resistance in CRC cells.Methods: Microarray screening, western blot and qPCR on clinic CRC samples were conducted to select the target gene ABCC10. The Oncomine Oncology Database and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were analyzed to figure out the correlation between the clinical manifestation and ABCC10. ABCC10 knock-down in CRC cells was conducted to identify its role in the Oxaliplatin resistance. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was conducted to identify the CRC cell viability and Oxaliplatin IC50. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect the cell apoptosis exposed to Oxaliplatin. The intracellular Oxaliplatin accumulation was measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).Results: ABCC10 transporter was correlated with CRC relapse and metastasis, indicating a CRC-promoting effect of ABCC10. In ABCC10 knock-down CRC cells the Oxaliplatin sensitivity was significantly elevated due to an increase of intracellular Oxaliplatin accumulation resulted from the diminished drug efflux. We next explored a strategy to inhibit ABCC10 in CRC cells, paying a special interest in the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) / unfolded protein response (UPR) that plays a dual role in tumor development. We found that the CRC cell viability was profoundly decreased and the pro-apoptotic factor CHOP and apoptosis were increased by the intense ERS/UPR instead of the inhibited and mild ERS/UPR. Significantly, the Oxaliplatin sensitivity of CRC cells was enhanced in response to the intense ERS, which was blocked by inhibiting IRE1α branch of UPR. Finally, we figured out that the intense ERS/UPR down-regulated ABCC10 via regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) activity. Conclusion: Oxaliplatin was a substrate of ABCC10. The intense ERS/IRE1α elicited anti-CRC effects through down-regulating ABCC10 so as to increase Oxaliplatin sensitivity, in addition to inducing CHOP. We suggested that introduction of intense ERS/UPR could be a promising strategy to restore chemo-sensitivity when used in combination with Oxaliplatin or other chemotherapeutic drugs pumped out by ABCC10.
Integrated Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA Network in Human Diarrhea Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: LIANG Jun-wei , BAI Wen-jun , WANG Xiao-yan , CHI Li-li
Published: December 2021

Background:Many studies on long chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are published in recent years. But the roles of lncRNAs in diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) are still unclear and should be further examined. The present work focused on determining the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNAs regulation in IBS-D on the basis of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.Methods:This study collected the mRNAs (GSE36701) expression data within human tissue samples with IBS-D group and normal group based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and collected the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) based on PubMed.Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed on the DAVID database. Then the interaction network was constructed and visualized using STRING database and Cytoscape.Results: This study identified 3192 DEmRNAs (1437 with up-regulation and 1755 with down-regulation),29 DEmiRs (18 upregulated and 11 downregulated)and 2 DELs(one upregulated and one downregulated) between IBS-D and control samples.Furthermore,we constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network through two DELs (lncRNA TUG1 with up-regulation and lncRNA H19 with down-regulation), four DemiRs (hsa-miR-148a-3p,hsa-miR-342-3p,hsa-miR-149-5p with up-regulation and hsa-miR-219a-5p with down-regulation)and 24 DEGs (4 with up-regulation and 20 with down-regulation) with 42 axes. Simultaneously, we conducted functional enrichment and pathway analyses on genes within the as-constructed ceRNA network. According to our PPI/ceRNA network and functional enrichment analysis results, two critical genes were found (BCL2L11 and QKI). Conclusion:In conclusion, the ceRNA interaction axis we identified is a potentially critical target for treating IBS-D.BCL2L11 axis(LncH19-hsa-miR-148a-3p-BCL2L11) may via interaction with PI3K/AKT pathways in IBS-D.Our results shed more lights on the possible pathogenic mechanism in IBS-D using a lncRNA-associated ceRNA network.
Does Predicted Age At Peak Height Velocity Explain Physical Performance In U13-15 Basketball Female Players?
Authors: Gryko Karol , Adamczyk Jakub Grzegorz , Kopiczko Anna , Calvo Jorge Lorenzo , Calvo Alberto Lorenzo , Mikołajec Kazimierz
Published: December 2021

Background: The aims of the study were (i) to identify the physical fitness and basic anthropometric characteristics of Polish female basketball players aged 13 to 15 years, (ii) to show the effect of maturity timing on the performance in motor tests and basic body composition parameters, (iii) to identify the index that contributes most to the prediction of performance in the tests of speed, jumping ability, agility, and endurance. Methods: The sample included 925 female Polish players (U13-15). In part 1, maturity timing category distribution were examined within across age-groups. In part 2, the relationship between the anthropometric variables, physical fitness performance was assessed based on maturity timing categories (ANCOVA analysis). In part 3, backward stepwise multiple regression analyse quantified the relationship between maturity timing (group of PHV) and physical performance.Results: ANCOVA results (age, body height, and body mass as covariates) showed in the U13 female basketball players significantly higher sprinting (20m), jumping ability and endurance tests results of the PHV1 group.Better results was observed in U14 female players in PHV1 compared to PHV2 and PHV3 in 20m and jumping tests but opposite trend was observed for 5m sprint and endurance test (distance covered and VO2max). U15 basketball players from the PHV3 group were characterized by better results of jumping abilities, endurance, 10m and 20m sprint and agility (total, S4) tests. Maturity timing (10m), chronological age (5 m, 20 m, agility, SVJ, VJ, and VO2max tests), body height (10m), body mass (10m, 20m, VJ, VO2max), and the interaction between body mass and height (SVJ) were significant (adjusted R2 = 0.02-0.10; p < 0.001) predictors of motor skills. Conclusion: The results can help the coaches to personalize training programs and to adapt the training content to the biological age of the players.
High Expression of SRD5A3 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Predicts Poor Prognosis: A Study Based on TCGA Data
Authors: Xue Jing , Yang Xianzhao , Jiang Feng
Published: December 2021

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Steroid 5 alpha-reductase 3 (SRD5A3) was reported to be up-regulated in many types of cancer. However, its expression and role in HCC remains to be elucidated. We aim to evaluate the significance of SRD5A3 expression in HCC by using analysis of a public dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Methods: The relationship between clinical pathologic features and SRD5A3 were analyzed with the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test and the logistic regression. Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to assess the clinicopathologic characteristics associated with overall survival (OS) in TCGA patients. In addition, GSEA was used to predict potential hallmarks associated with different expression of SRD5A3 on transcriptional sequences from TCGA database.Results: SRD5A3 was highly expressed in HCC tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. A total of 184 upregulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and 58 downregulated DEGs were identified between high expression and low expression of SRD5A3. Among them, 22 hub genes mainly belonging to the keratin and MUC family demonstrated by connectivity degree in the PPI network were screened out. Kaplan-Meier method showed that HCC patients in the high SRD5A3 expression group had poorer overall survival (OS, HR=2.26(1.58-3.24), p<0.001). In addition, cell cycle mitotic, cell cycle checkpoints, mitotic nuclear division, Q-glycan processing, protein O-linked glycosylation were differentially enriched in the high SRD5A3 expression phenotype pathway. In addition, SRD5A3 expression level has significant correlations with infiltrating levels of Th17 (R = -0.238, p < 0.001), Cytotoxic cells (R = -0.234, p < 0.001) and Th2 cells (R = 0.258, p < 0.001) in HCC.Conclusions: High expression of SRD5A3 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. It may be a potential biomarker in HCC.
Silencing p62 reduces ox-LDL-Induced M1 Polarization and Inflammation in Macrophages by Inhibiting mTOR/NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Yang Wei , Su Guangming , Liu Yanhong
Published: December 2021

Background: Macrophages can change their phenotypes according to the changes in the microenvironment, and thus have various functions, that is, macrophages polarization. Macrophage phenotype is associated with the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Studies have shown a large accumulation of p62 protein in atherosclerotic plaques. Whether the accumulation of p62 protein affects the level of macrophage polarization and inflammation and its mechanism is not clear.Methods: The p62 levels of macrophages treated with ox-LDL were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Several polarizing markers and cytokines associated with atherosclerosis were detected by western blotting, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry to assess macrophage phenotype. The effect of p62 on the treatment of macrophage polarization by ox-LDL was studied by silencing p62 by gene silencing technique. The activity of mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways was evaluated by detecting p-mTOR and intranuclear p65 levels in western blotting to explore the mechanism of p62. Rapamycin inhibited mTOR to demonstrate its role in activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and in ox-LDL therapy of p62 induced M1 polarization in macrophages.Results: ox-LDL induced a significant increase in p62 and an increase in M1 markers and inflammatory cytokines. After p62 silencing, M1 markers and inflammatory cytokines decreased significantly, while M2 markers and anti-inflammatory cytokines increased significantly. Silencing p62 inhibited p-mTOR and p65 nuclear translocation. Rapamycin inhibited ox-LDL-induced p65 nuclear translocation and M1 markers, and increased M2 markers.Conclusion: p62 protein accumulation in ox-LDL treatment macrophages induces M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokines through the mTOR/NF-κB pathway.
Responses of CO2 Emissions and Soil Microbial Community Structures to Organic Amendment in Two Contrasting Soils in Zambia
Authors: Hamamoto Toru , Nhamo Nhamo , Chikoye David , Mukumbuta Ikabongo , Uchida Yoshitaka
Published: December 2021

In sub-Saharan Africa, efforts have been made to increase soil carbon (C) content in agricultural ecosystems, due to severe soil degradation. The use of organic materials is one of the realistic methods to recover soil C. However, the impacts of organic amendments on soil microbial community and C cycles under limited soil C conditions are still unknown. We conducted field experiments using organic amendments in two sites with contrasting C content in Zambia. At both sites, temporal changes of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, bacterial and archaeal community structures were monitored during crop growing season (126 days). The organic amendments increased CO2 emissions with increased bacterial and archaeal abundance in the Kabwe site, while no impacts were shown in the Lusaka site. We also observed larger temporal variability in soil microbial community structure in Kabwe than in Lusaka. These contrasting results between the two soils might be due to the gap in microbial community stability. However, organic amendments have a significant potential to enhance microbial abundance and consequently sequester soil C in the Kabwe site. Site-specific strategies are needed to deal with the issues of soil C depletion in drylands.
TP73-AS1 as a Predictor of Clinicopathological Parameters and Prognosis in Human Malignancies: A Meta and Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Chen Caizhi , Wang Jingjing , Feng Yeqian , Liang Ye , Huang Yan , Zou Wen
Published: December 2021

Background: LncRNA TP73-AS1 is dysregulated in various tumors but the correlation between its expression and clinicopathological parameters and/or prognoses in cancer patients is inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of lncRNA TP73-AS1 for malignancies.Methods: We systematically searched four online databases including PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for eligible articles published up to June 29/2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the association of TP73-AS1 expression with prognostic and clinicopathological parameters. We further validated TP73-AS1 expression in various malignancies and its potential prognostic value using the GEPIA online database. We predicted potential biological processes and relevant signal mechanisms through the public databases.Results: A total of 26 studies including 1770 patients were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between TP73-AS1 expression, clinicopathological features and prognostic indicators. The results indicated that TP73-AS1 expression markedly correlates with TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. No correlation with age, gender or differentiation was observed. TP73-AS1 overexpression was a biomarker of poor Overall survival (OS) and Disease-Free-Survival (DFS). Dysregulated TP73-AS1 expression and its prognostic value in various cancers was validated based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Further biological function predictions indicated that TP73-AS1 was involved in pro-oncogenic signaling.Conclusions: The upregulation of LncRNA TP73-AS1 was related to detrimental clinicopathological parameters and can be considered an indicator of poor prognosis for cancer malignancies.
A Respective Observational Study of Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis Receiving Parathyroidectomy By Ultrasonic Scalpel
Authors: Gao Dan , Hu Fengqi , Gao Zhao , Yuan Hai
Published: December 2021

Background

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) remains a common complication in many patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Kidney Disease Improve Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2017 guidelines suggest that parathyroidectomy (PTX) should be performed in severe SHPT patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3a-stage 5D. In the present study, we observed the efficacy of ultrasonic scalpel for PTX in SHPT patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
Methods

A total of 74 patients on maintenance hemodialysis who underwent PTX (34 with traditional electrocautery and 40 with an ultrasonic scalpel) were observed between August 2020 and August 2021 at Xiangyang Central Hospital (Hubei University of Arts and Science). Baseline demographic and clinic characteristics were collected pre- and post-PTX. Moreover, the postoperative complications and operation time were assessed between the two groups.
Results

The univariate analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in weight, dialysis duration, serum potassium, serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, triglyceride, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) before and after PTX between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time in the ultrasonic scalpel group was significantly decreased compared with the traditional electrocautery group (P<0.05). Compared with the traditional electrocautery group, the drainage amount was significantly reduced in the ultrasonic scalpel group, and the number of days with drain and postoperative hospital stay were also remarkably decreased (P<0.05). In addition, a higher incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in the traditional electrocautery group, while the difference was not significant (P>0.05).
Conclusions

The use of ultrasonic scalpel significantly reduced the operation time and postoperative hospital stay in patients on maintenance hemodialysis undergoing PTX.
Moderation of weight misperception on the associations between obesity indices and cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Lee Kayoung
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo evaluate whether weight misperception is associated with estimated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and whether gender moderates the association between obesity indices and CVD risk.MethodsIn 7836 men and 10299 women aged 40-79 years without CVD history from the 2014–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the risk of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was calculated using Pooled Cohort Equations. Weight misperception was defined as accurate estimation, overestimation, or underestimation by comparing perceived body shape to actual weight category. Obesity indices were BMI and waist circumference (WC).ResultsIn fully-adjusted models, odds of 10-year ASCVD risk of ≥ 7.5% were lower in men with overestimating weight (odd ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.85 [0.73, 0.99] after adjusting for BMI; 0.79 [0.68, 0.92] after adjusting for WC), but higher in women with underestimating weight (1.44 [1.27, 1.63] after adjusting for BMI; 1.42 [1.26, 1.61] after adjusting for WC) compared to those with accurate weight estimates. Compared to women with accurate weight estimates, the ASCVD risk associated with obesity indices was higher in those who underestimated weight (ß [95% CI], 0.33 [0.23, 0.43] for BMI; 0.16 [0.13, 0.20] for WC), whereas it was lower in those who overestimated weight (-0.15 [-0.28, -0.02] for BMI; -0.07 [-0.11, -0.03] for WC). In men, weight misperception did not moderate the association between obesity indices and the ASCVD risk.ConclusionWeight misperception was associated with CVD risk independently across gender and moderates the association between obesity indices and CVD risk in women.
Arias Intensity Attenuation Relationship in Sichuan-yunnan Region, China
Authors: Liu Ping , Ren Tongjie
Published: December 2021

Arias intensity is an essential ground motion measure correlating with the potential for earthquake-induced landslides. The Sichuan-Yunnan region, which is primarily mountainous, is a high incidence region of earthquake-induced landslides in China. However, there is no available attenuation relationship for this intensity measure due to the backward construction of the stations. In this study, we developed a region-specific Arias intensity attenuation relationship using the China Strong-Motion Networks Center (CSMNC) database which was established in 2008. We recommend this relationship be applied in the Sichuan-Yunnan region for moment magnitudes ranging between 4.2 and 7.9, distances ranging between 0 and 400 km and with Vs30 (the average shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 meters of a soil profile) ranging between 128 and 760 m/s. The current study finds that this relationship’s intra-event, inter-event, and total standard deviations are greater than for other regions. This is likely caused by the complicated seismotectonic activities, nonlinear site effects, error from inferring Vs30, basin effects, etc. However, this relationship has the best performance in fitting and predicting the data from the Sichuan-Yunnan region.
Length of stay in the emergency department and its associated factors among pediatrics patients attending at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Southern, Ethiopia, 2021.
Authors: Tezera Nega , Negasi Kiberalem Bisete , Tefera Almaze , Getachew Migbaru
Published: December 2021

Background

Pediatrics emergency department length of stay; is the time between emergency department arrival and discharge, admission, or referred. Globally, there is a rising in the need for emergency department visits, which is very high in pediatric patients causing a longer length of stay, which is a global challenge and the bottle neck of hospitals that increase the risk of patients, morbidity, mortality, and reduce satisfaction.
Objective

This study aimed to assess the length of stay and its associated factors in the pediatric emergency department, Wolaita Sodo University Hospital, 2021.
Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15 to May 15/ 2021. A Systematic sampling technique was used to select 422 study participants. Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and chart reviews were used to collect the data. The data were entered in Epi Data version 4.6 and analyzed with SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were applied to describe the prevalence, pediatrics, emergency department length of stay with a 95% confidence interval. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify the factors associated with length of stay and the significant level was declared at p-value ≤ 0.05 on AOR and 95% confidence interval
Results

The proportion of prolonged pediatric emergency department length of stay was 79.70% (95% CI; 75.7, 83.6). Night time arrival [AOR = 3.19, 95% CI (1.14, 8.98)], weekend arrival [AOR=4.25 95% CI (1.63,11.12], ordered imaging study [AOR = 2.82 95% CI (1.49,5.35)], not got ordered medication in the hospital [AOR = 2.05 95% CI (1.04,4.03)] orange triage category [AOR = 4.01, 95% CI (1.60,10.05)], and duration of pain 13-24 hours[AOR = 0.29, 95% CI (0.89,0.98)], were significantly associated with length of stay
Conclusion

The proportion of prolonged pediatrics emergency department length of stay was high. To decrease the length of stay, it is better to support the investment of resources on solving these benchmarks.
Embeddings from protein language models predict conservation and variant effects
Authors: Marquet Céline , Heinzinger Michael , Olenyi Tobias , Dallago Christian , Bernhofer Michael , Erckert Kyra , Nechaev Dmitrii , Rost Burkhard
Published: December 2021

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants stressed the demand for tools allowing to interpret the effect of single amino acid variants (SAVs) on protein function. While Deep Mutational Scanning (DMS) sets continue to expand our understanding of the mutational landscape of single proteins, the results continue to challenge analyses. Protein Language Models (pLMs) use the latest deep learning (DL) algorithms to leverage growing databases of protein sequences. These methods learn to predict missing or masked amino acids from the context of entire sequence regions. Here, we used pLM representations (embeddings) to predict sequence conservation and SAV effects without multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). Embeddings alone predicted residue conservation almost as accurately from single sequences as ConSeq using MSAs (two-state Matthews Correlation Coefficient – MCC - for ProtT5 embeddings of 0.596±0.006 vs. 0.608±0.006 for ConSeq). Inputting the conservation prediction along with BLOSUM62 substitution scores and pLM mask reconstruction probabilities into a simplistic logistic regression (LR) ensemble for Variant Effect Score Prediction without Alignments (VESPA) predicted SAV effect magnitude without any optimization on DMS data. Comparing predictions for a standard set of 39 DMS experiments to other methods (incl. ESM-1v, DeepSequence, and GEMME) revealed our approach as competitive with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods using MSA input. No method outperformed all others, neither consistently nor statistically significantly, independently of the performance measure applied (Spearman and Pearson correlation). Lastly, we investigated binary effect predictions on DMS experiments for four human proteins. Overall, embedding-based methods have become competitive with methods relying on MSAs for SAV effect prediction at a fraction of the costs in computing/energy. Our method predicted SAV effects for the entire human proteome (~20k proteins) within 40 minutes on one Nvidia Quadro RTX 8000. All methods and data sets are freely available for local and online execution through bioembeddings.com, https://github.com/Rostlab/VESPA, and PredictProtein.
Sugar Sweetened Beverages Intake and Risk of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases in Longitudinal Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with 1.5 Million Individuals
Authors: Santos Leonardo Pozza , Gigante Denise Petrucci , Delpino Felipe Mendes , Maciel Ana Paula , Bielemann Renata Moraes
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) intake and type 2 diabetes, obesity, coronary heart disease and stroke in adults. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis searching for articles in the Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases. After screening of titles and abstracts, 27 longitudinal studies were included for the narrative synthesis with all of them presenting medium or high methodological quality. None of the selected studies were from low-income countries and only three were conducted in middle-income countries. Type 2 diabetes was the most investigated disease – outcome in 15 out of 27 studies. Around 80% of the studies enrolled more than 10,000 individuals in the sample, and almost half of them followed the subjects for less than 10 years. A total of 1.5 million individuals were included in the pooled analyses, and results indicated that SSB intake increased the risk of type 2 diabetes (RR = 1.20; 95%C.I. 1.13 – 1.28), obesity (RR = 1.17; 95%C.I. 1.10 – 1.25), coronary heart disease (RR = 1.15; 95%C.I. 1.06 – 1.25), and stroke (RR = 1.10; 95%C.I. 1.01 – 1.19) in adults after adjustment for all potential confounders. Our systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that consumption of SSB intake appears to increase the risk non-communicable chronic disease, being the strongest evidence for type 2 diabetes. Actions are needed to be taken to reduce the SSB intake and its consequences worldwide.
The P. aeruginosa Type VI Secretion System Effector Tse5 Forms Ion-Selective Membrane Pores that Disrupt the Membrane Potential of Intoxicated Cells
Authors: González-Magaña Amaia , Altuna Jon , Queralt-Martín María , Largo Eneko , Montánchez Itxaso , Alcaraz Antonio , Albesa-Jové David
Published: December 2021

The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa injects effector proteins into neighbouring competitors and host cells, providing a fitness advantage that allows this opportunistic nosocomial pathogen to persist and prevail during the onset of infections. However, despite the high clinical relevance of P. aeruginosa, the identity and mode of action of most P. aeruginosa T6SS-dependent effectors remain to be discovered. Here, we report the molecular mechanism of Tse5-CT, which is the toxic auto-proteolytic product of the P. aeruginosa T6SS exported effector Tse5. Our results demonstrate Tse5-CT is a pore-forming toxin that can transport ions across the membrane, causing membrane depolarisation and bacterial death. The membrane potential regulates a wide range of essential cellular functions, and therefore membrane depolarisation is an efficient strategy to compete with other microorganisms in polymicrobial environments.
The Mediating Roles of GDP on the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Life Expectancy
Authors: Chia-Chang Chuang
Published: December 2021

This study examined the mediation effect of gross domestic product (GDP) on the relationship between life expectancy and income inequality based on data from 23 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for 2004 through 2014. To form a theoretical framework, Preston curve and Kuznets curve were employed. The study set up a mediation model with life expectancy as an outcome variable, GDP as a mediator variable, and three variables characterising income inequality as predictor variables: Gini index, income share held by highest 20%, and poverty headcount ratio at US$1.90 a day. The study found that GDP clearly mediates the effects of the predictor variables on life expectancy, although the magnitudes of the effects vary. This study takes an important initial step in exploring the mediation effect of GDP on the relationship between life expectancy and income inequality.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF WELD JOINTS BETWEEN SINTERED NB MODIFIED HK30 STAINLESS STEEL AND WROUGHT/CAST STAINLESS STEELS
Authors:   University of Tuzla, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Tuzla., Butkovic Samir , Saric Emir ,   University of Tuzla, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Tuzla.
Published: December 2021

Very important property of powder metallurgy parts is ability to join to components produced by different manufacturing technologies or dissimilar materials. Properties of powder metallurgy Nb modified HK30 components are highly influenced by conditions applied during sintering. Weldability of sintered components can be improved using favorable sintering conditions. In this regard, effect of sintering parameters on fusion weldability of Nb modified HK30 is presented in this paper. Investigation of weld joints between HK30, produced by different sintering conditions, and cast HK30 stainless steel is performed. In addition, examination of welds between sintered HK30 and wrought 304 stainless steel is also performed. Microstructural examination and hardness testing of fusion zones and heat affected zones were done for different combinations of base material.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE HYDROCHEMICAL KNOWLEDGE OF AQUIFERS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF TANDJILE-EAST, SOUTHERN CHAD
Authors:   University of NDjamena-Department of Geology- Laboratory of Hydro-Geosciences & Reservoirs, NDjamena, Chad., Nour Abdallah Mahamat , Abderamane Moussa ,   University of NDjamena-Department of Geology- Laboratory of Hydro-Geosciences & Reservoirs, NDjamena, Chad., Hamit Abderamane ,   University of NDjamena-Department of Geology- Laboratory of Hydro-Geosciences & Reservoirs, NDjamena, Chad., Bangba Frederic Adil ,   University of NDjamena-Department of Geology- Laboratory of Hydro-Geosciences & Reservoirs, NDjamena, Chad.
Published: December 2021

The province of Tandjile is one of the 23 provinces of the Republic of Chad. The drinking water supply rate in this region remains low. Part of the population obtains its water supply through open wells and / or surface water. Climatic and anthropogenic variations in recent years have shown how much groundwater can be influenced both in terms of its quality and its quantity to be used. The objective of this study is to provide knowledge on the state of the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical parameters of the aquifer of the department of Tandjile-Est to help decision-makers in their approach. This study is based mainly on existing data collected in Chadian institutions and literary journals. The analysis of these data showed that the lithology is represented by clayey, sandy, lateritic formations and clay-sandy mixtures. The aquifers are sandy and sandy-clayey. The groundwater temperature values are in equilibrium with those of the air, the pH shows values close to neutrality and the electrical conductivity below standards (Chad, WHO). The groundwater in the study area is not very mineralized and the concentrations of elements indicating contamination (nitrates, chloride, etc.) are clearly in traces. Chemical analyzes revealed two chemical facies: calcium and magnesium bicarbonate and sodium and / or potassium bicarbonate.
VARIABILITY OF AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID SORGHUM VARIETIES IN BURKINA FASO
Authors:   Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA),01 BP 910 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso., Kadougoudiou Konate Abdourasmane , Zongo Adama ,   Institut des Sciences de lEnvironnement et du Developpement Rural, Universite de Dedougou, BP 176 Dedougou, Burkina Faso., Wonni Issa ,   Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA),01 BP 910 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso., Kone Soumana ,   Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA),01 BP 910 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.,   Universite Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ecole Doctorale Sciences et technologies, Laboratoire Biosciences, Equipe Genetique et Amelioration des Plantes (EGAP), Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso., Sawadogo Mahamoudou ,   Universite Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ecole Doctorale Sciences et technologies, Laboratoire Biosciences, Equipe Genetique et Amelioration des Plantes (EGAP), Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Published: December 2021

Sorghum is the first cereal grown in Burkina Faso. It is produced in all regions of the country, however yields in the field are very low. In view of this low productivity, new hybrid varieties have been introduced from Brazil and Mali. Our study aims to evaluate their agro morphological and nutritional characteristics in order to disseminate the most efficient genotypes. A completely randomized block device with three (03) repetitions has been set up at the Farako-BÃƒÂ¢ research station. Observations focused on five (05) agro morphological traits such as the semi-flowering cycle, plant height, panicle length, weight of a thousand grains and yield and six (06) biochemical traits including total water, total sugar, protein, fat and mineral content. Analysis of variance and heritability in the broad sense were performed. Our results showed both agro morphological and biochemical variability between the varieties evaluated. Heritability in the broad sense has also shown that all traits studied are under the influence of genetic rather than environmental factors. In general, hybrids obtained semi-dwarf sizes and yields above 4000 kg/ha. The control variety KAPELGA recorded the highest values of protein and mineral content. The highest sugar content is obtained in the hybrid XBS60015 with 17.82 ÃŽÂ¼g Glu/100mgMS. Correlation analyses have shown that there is a negative and very highly significant correlation (-0.86) between yield and protein content. The most efficient hybrids will be able to be disseminated following participatory selection tests on different sites nationwide.
VACCINATION ET COVID-19 : CROYANCES ET PERCEPTIONS
Authors:   Faculte De Medecine Et De Pharmacie, Universite Mohammed V de Rabat., Stati S. , Kharbach L.Tbatou A. ,   Hopital Universitaire Psychiatrique Arrazi de Sale., Khalouk A. ,   Laboratoire depidemiologie Et De Recherche Clinique., Laboudi F. ,   Faculte De Medecine Et De Pharmacie, Universite Mohammed V de Rabat., Nafiaa H. ,   Hopital Universitaire Psychiatrique Arrazi de Sale., Obtil M. ,   Faculte De Medecine Et De Pharmacie, Universite Mohammed V de Rabat., Ouanass A. ,   Laboratoire depidemiologie Et De Recherche Clinique.
Published: December 2021

Introduction : La pandemie de COVID-19 a eu un impact enorme sur les societes et les gouvernements du monde entier, imposant ainsi des restrictions de la circulation et dautres mesures pour empecher la propagation du virus. Les espoirs de retour a la normale ont ete epingles sur la disponibilite dun vaccin COVID-19. Toutefois, le succes dun programme de vaccination dependra du taux de participation parmi la population qui est influence par des perceptions et les attitudes qui sonten partie determinees par des facteurs contextuels Objectif : etudier les associations entre lintention de vaccination et le fondement theorique, les facteurs contextuels et sociodemographiques dans une representation demographiques Methodologie :etude transversale, a vise descriptive et analytique e a ete menee du 3 decembre 2020 et le 10 mars 2021, en utilisant un questionnaire explorant les donnees demographiques, les repercussions sur le plan psychiatrique de la pandemie, lopinion general sur la pandemie et le vaccin, les principales raisons pour etre pour ou contre le vaccin et laffinite des gens au differant vaccin presente actuellement sur le marche mondial. Resultats : : 182 reponses ont ete recolte, dont 83.5% etaient des femmes, 50.5% ont un Ã¢ge entre 18 et 30 ans ,52.2% sont des maries,92.9% ont effectue des etudes superieurs, 15.9% presentant des antecedents psychiatriques, 58.8% Sans enfants. 56.6% des participants donnaient son accord pour le vaccin contre 43.4% qui sont plutot en desaccord. Le sexe, les facteurs contextuelles sur la pratique dune vaccination et le type du vaccin presentaient une difference statistiquement significative avec un P <0.005, entre les 2 groupes qui sont daccord ou non pour le pratique du vaccin. Lanalyse de regression logistique univarie montre que le sexe feminine (OR = 0.193 IC 95%: 0.0437 -0.851) etait independamment associe a une acceptation du vaccin. Conclusion : lexploration des perceptions et des croyances ont conclu a la presence dun impact indeniable des facteurs contextuelles sur la pratique et lacceptation dune vaccination covid 19 chez la population generale au Maroc dou une sensibilisation et psychoeducation de la population est souhaitable.
BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE SAN-PEDRO MARGIN OF DRILL HOLES K1 AND K2 OF BLOCK KL: PALEOENVIRONMENT IMPLICATION
Authors:   University of Man, Department of Reservoir Geology and Environment, UFR of Geological and Mining Sciences, Ivory Coast, BP 20 Man., Chiaye Larissa Koffi , Kouame Leger Djeya ,   University Felix HouphouetBoigny Department of Marine Geosciences UFR of Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Abidjan Ivory Coast 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22., Jolie Wanesse Danielle Douzo ,   University Felix HouphouetBoigny Department of Marine Geosciences UFR of Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Abidjan Ivory Coast 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22., Sylvain Monde ,   University Felix HouphouetBoigny Department of Marine Geosciences UFR of Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Abidjan Ivory Coast 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22.
Published: December 2021

The KL block studies was carried out the eastern part of the San Pedro margin, it has an area of 2034 km2 with a water depth varying from 500 to 2750 m with two probings (K1 and K2).The objective of this work is to carry out a biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental study based on the associations of planktonic and palynomorphicmicrofauna in the formations of the KL block boreholes. From a lithological point of view, the base of the boreholes generally comprises alternating limestone and argillite, very fine to fine grained quartz sandstone. Its upper part is overlain by claystoneinterbedded with limestone, silstone and siliceous cemented sandstone and alternating claystone, medium to coarse grained sand and siliceous cemented quartz sandstone. The Albian is determined by the presence of the species Ticinellamadecassiana. The Cenomanian is identified by the micropalaeontological assemblages composed of Globigerinelloides spp., Guembelitria spp., Hedbergella spp., Hedbergelladelrioensis, Globigerinelloides bentonensisandLoeblichella cf. hessi. The Turonian is based mainly on the species Hedbergellaplanispira, Heterohelixmoremani and Whiteinella archaeocretacea. The Early Senonian is characterized by associations of species (Hedbergellasp, Hedbergella cf. delrioensis, Buliminacrassa and Whiteinella baltica) and palynomorphs (Proteaciditestienabaensis, Odontochitinacostata, Odontochitinaporiferaand Tricolpites sp). The roof of the Campanian is known by the association of the palynomorph (Trichodinium castanae) and the microfossil (Gaudryina cretacea) The Maastrichtian is highlighted by the associations composed of species Rzehakina epigona fissistomata, Rzehakina minima, Plectina lenis, Reophax duplex, Reophax pilulifera, Reophax globosus, Gaudryina pyramidata and Afrobolivina afra) and palynomorphic species (Andalusiella gabonensis, Cerodinium granulostriatum and Palaeocystodinium australinium). All the micropalaeontological data coupled with those of the microfaunas make it possible to envisage a depositional environment of the internal platform type with continental influence on an external platform.
POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME IN A POSTPARTUM NORMOTENSIVE POST CESAREAN PATIENT - A CASE REPORT
Authors:   M.B.B.S , M.S She is senior consultant gynecologist at p. C. Sethi Hospital, Indore And Is Also Teaching Faculty For Dgo ( cps mumbai ) . She Has Been The Training Coordinator And Master Trainer For Mtp For Mp State Since Several Years. She has Also Done Training In Laparoscopy From Cemast, Mumbai., Vijaywargiya Komal , Muley Rajesh ,   M.B.B.S , MD, DM {Neurology} Senior Consulatant Neurophysician At Suyash Hospital, Indore., Ruia Aayushi ,   M.B.B.S , M.S, Senior Resident At P.C.Sethi Hospital, Indore.
Published: December 2021

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome { PRES } is a reversible neurological entity characterised by seizures , headaches , visual symptoms , impaired consciousness and other focal neurological findings . There are a variety of causes behind this syndrome but eclampsia takes the lead and preeclampsia also significantly contributes . We present here a case of young postpartum woman with atypical findings and imaging results leading to diagnosis of PRES .