bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineered 3D Immuno-Glial-Neurovascular Human miBrain Model
Authors: Tsai Li-Huei , Stanton Alice , Bubnys Adele , Agbas Emre , James Benjamin , Park Dong , Jiang Alan , Pinals Rebecca , Liu Liwang , Truong Nhat , Loon Anjanet , Staab Colin , Cerit Oyku , Wen Hsin-Lan , Kellis Manolis , Blanchard Joel , Langer Robert
Published: June 2024

Patient-specific, human-based cellular models integrating a biomimetic blood-brain barrier (BBB), immune, and myelinated neuron components are critically needed to enable accelerated, translationally relevant discovery of neurological disease mechanisms and interventions. By engineering a novel brain-mimicking 3D hydrogel and co-culturing all six major brain cell types derived from patient iPSCs, we have constructed, characterized, and utilized a multicellular integrated brain (miBrain) immuno-glial-neurovascular model with in vivo-like hallmarks inclusive of neuronal activity, functional connectivity, barrier function, myelin-producing oligodendrocyte engagement with neurons, multicellular interactions, and transcriptomic profiles. We implemented the model to study Alzheimer’s Disease pathologies associated with APOE4 genetic risk. APOE4 miBrains differentially exhibit amyloid aggregation, tau phosphorylation, and astrocytic GFAP. Unlike the co-emergent fate specification of glia and neurons in organoids, miBrains integrate independently differentiated cell types, a feature we harnessed to identify that APOE4 in astrocytes promotes neuronal tau pathogenesis and dysregulation through crosstalk with microglia.
Recognizing Mitral Regurgitation Through Machine Learning Algorithms in Cardiac Imaging
Authors: Singh Vijay , Anwar Saeed , Vavekanand Raja
Published: June 2024

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a serious heart valve disease that can have devastating consequences if left untreated. Traditional diagnostic methods are expensive and labor-intensive, requiring specialized clinical expertise, creating barriers to effective MR screening. To address these challenges, a novel semi-supervised model called CUSSP is proposed. CUSSP is designed to process cardiac imaging slices from the 4-chamber view of the heart, utilizing standard computer vision techniques and contrastive models to learn from large amounts of unlabeled data. This approach enables the model to leverage vast amounts of available imaging data, even when labeled data is scarce. CUSSP creates the first automated MR classification system, revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of this critical heart condition. The significance of CUSSP lies in its ability to overcome the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. By automating the process, healthcare professionals can focus on high-value tasks while ensuring accurate and timely diagnoses. The performance of CUSSP is impressive, achieving an F1 score of 0.69 and a ROC-AUC score of 0.88 on a test set of 179 labeled sequences, comprising 154 non-MR and 25 MR cases. The model is trained using a semi-supervised approach, combining the strengths of both supervised and unsupervised learning. By incorporating specialized classifiers, CUSSP achieves high accuracy and robustness, even in the presence of limited labeled data. CUSSP represents a significant breakthrough in MR diagnosis, offering a novel semi-supervised approach to automated classification. By leveraging computer vision techniques, contrastive models, and specialized classifiers, CUSSP achieves high accuracy and robustness, establishing a new benchmark for MR diagnosis.
TO ANALYZE THE ROLE OF ORAL ALENDRONATE ON CLINICO RADIOLOGICAL SHORT-TERM OUTCOME OF LEGG CALVES PERTHES DISEASE
Authors:   Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida., Shahid Raza Mohammad , Pratap Priyank ,   King George Medical University, Lucknow., Ansari Khurshid ,   King George Medical University, Lucknow., Kumar Dharmendra ,   King George Medical University, Lucknow., Sharma Santosh ,   King George Medical University, Lucknow.
Published: June 2024

Background: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) also known as Juvenile idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head in a skeletally immature patient. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of oral Alendronate on clinico radiological short-term outcomes of Legg Calves Perthes disease. Methodology: The Prospective open-ended cohort study was carried out on 36 patients of 18 years of age of either sex with unilateral idiopathic painless limp diagnosed to be Perthes disease enrolled as per inclusion-exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups, with group I containing patients less than 8 years of age and group II of patients above 8 year of age fulfilling the inclusion criteria-exclusion criteria. Both the groups were further divided randomly into subgroups A and B, subgroup A was received standard treatment as per the protocol, while subgroup B to be given oral alendronate along with standard treatment protocol. All patients were evaluated as per history, clinical and radiological examinationsat the time of initial presentation, and at 3months, 6 months, 9 months and12 months. Results: Clinical and radiological outcomes were significantly better when LCPD cases were handled with conventional treatment along with oral Alendronate. Conclusion: Outcomes were significantly better when LCPD cases were handled with conventional treatment along with oral Alendronate. Although, to increase the reliability of the study a large multicentric study with a large sample size is required.
ENHANCING PATIENT OUTCOMES: THE IMPACT OF EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE OF REDUCING SEPSIS MORTALITY RATES THROUGH THE USE OF MODIFIED EARLY WARNING SCORE (MEWS)
Authors: Majed Ameen Saab Sarah , Abdulrazaq Salim Daowd Rateb , Mohammed Algarni Ateeq , Abdulhadi Almograbi Majed , Nouman Alnajjar Ibrahim , Mansour Alrashed Naif , Valdez Abaya April , Samuelkutty Vijeesh
Published: June 2024

The study aims to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of Modified Early Warning Scores (MEWS) in reducing at least 20 percent of sepsis-related mortality rates. The scope of the study to determine the effectiveness and efficiency covered a whole year of 2023 with a total participants of 272 with sepsis-related cases. The participants were selected using total enumeration sampling wherein all of them were participated in the in the experiments of early detection of sepsis symptoms and provide a timely interventions to prevent sepsis deterioration. This study utilized an experimental research design in order to answer the objectives that could provide clear and thorough data on the effectiveness and efficiency of MEWS. Based on the findings, the MEWS were found effective and efficient in assessing sepsis-related signs and symptoms towards early detection and can provide intervention to reduce mortality rate. The project helped in reducing healthcare costs by decreasing mortality rate from 50% to 20% and LOS was shortened from 12.2 to 5.04 after implementation. Improving sepsis pathway sustained a mortality rate below 25% for 6 months post-implementation, also successfully identifying and intervening with more patients exhibiting early symptoms of sepsis. Moreover, the decreased LOS accommodated 53% more ICU patients than the same period in 2022. Systematic sepsis evaluation is proven to improve patient outcomes delivering efficient, value-based, and high-quality care in a government hospital in Riyadh Saudi Arabia- Imam Addulrahman Al Faisal.
A STUDY ON IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF FOSFOMYCIN AGAINST ENTEROBACTERIACAE UROPATHOGEN ALONG WITH MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF UROPATHOGENS
Authors: T.V Parimala , . Swaruparani
Published: June 2024

Background:Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infection throughout the world that may affect both the lower and the upper urinary tracts. Aims & Objective:The present study was done to determine various organisms causing Urinary tract infections and to analyse antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of those isolates. Materials and Methods:This prospective study was conducted from April 2020 to March 2021at SIMS& RH, Tumkur. All urine samples were received in Microbiology laboratory for routine microbiology investigations were inoculated on Blood agar and MacConkey agar culture media using calibrated wire loop . Urinary isolates with significant bacteriuria were further processed by conventional biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done as per standard methods. Results: A total of 697 urine samples were processed in that 324 (46.48%) samples were shown as significant growth of bacteria. Most of the cases seen in (67.28%) female and under age group of 21-30(22.22%).The predominantly Gram-negative bacteria (85.18%) were isolated followed by Gram positive bacteria(10.49%) and Candida spp(4.32%). The Gram negative bacteria showed high sensitivity to Ampicillin sulbactum (88.27%) followed by Amikacin (87.24%). All Gram-positive bacteria isolates is showed sensitivity to Vancomycin (100%).We found that 235( 92.88%) Enterobacteriaceace isolates were is susceptible for Fosfomycin. Conclusion:. Antibiotic resistance has become a major clinical problem worldwide and has increased over the years.Hence antibiotic susceptibility testing should be done to diagnose and treat the drug resistant UTI cases. Fosfomycin may be given empirically in patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection due to Enterobacteriaceace.
JUSTIFICATION OF PERCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE: REPRESENTATIONALISM AND DIRECT REALISM
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GUSEV ALEXANDER , IVANOV DMITRY ,   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

The paper examines two of the most influential approaches to the problem of the justification of perceptual knowledge: representationalism and direct realism, taken in a version of epistemological disjunctivism. The problem itself can be represented as the need to demonstrate that there is a logical connection between a statement about the perception of a certain fact, p, and a statement about the knowledge of p. The article notes that both approaches face the problem of “the silence of the senses.” This problem was pointed out by Ch.Travis, who tried to show that the content of sensory experience is not propositional; senses themselves do not tell us what fact we are dealing with when perceptually interacting with the world. The first part of the article reconstructs the argument from looks that Travis proposed to criticize representationalism. This part demonstrates that we cannot accept representationalism as an approach in the philosophy of perception that successfully overcomes the shortcomings of sense data theory. The main drawback of this theory was its adherence to the myth of the given—the idea that in perceptual experience we are dealing with non-propositional, non-conceptual “raw” data. The second part of the paper notes that Travis’s argument can also be directed against such a version of direct realism as epistemological disjunctivism, since according to representatives of this theory, the content of veridical perceptual experience, being identical with the perceived state of affairs, is propositional. This part also analyzes the response to Travis from such a representative of this theory as J.McDowell. While McDowell rejects propositionalism, he nevertheless insists that the content of perceptual experience must be regarded as conceptual. It allows us to avoid the myth of the given. In conclusion, criticism of McDowell’s approach from the phenomenological position taken by H.Dreyfus is discussed, and it is noted that McDowell’s conceptualism is quite compatible with both phenomenology and enactivism. The enactivist understanding of perception that we find in McDowell leads us to accept the enactivist account of perceptual knowledge, where the foundation of knowledge is action, i.e. something epistemically groundless.
NATIVISM, TRANSCENDENTALISM AND PHENOMENOLOGY: REVISITING THE NON-PLACEMENT OF THE SOURCE OF PHENOMENAL EXPERIENCE IN THE WORLD
Authors:   HSE University, GASPARYAN DIANA
Published: June 2024

Nativism as a theory that interprets certain abilities and ideas as innate [The contexts we will consider prefer to speak precisely of innateness in the sense of New European philosophical discussions and avoid the notion of “a priori”/“a posteriori”, respectively, and we will stick to this terminological pair.], is considered by some contemporary philosophers as an echo of outdated philosophical approaches. Critics for the most part reproach it for being unscientific and metaphysical. In one of its most extreme forms, nativism is accused of mysticism and lack of evidence. At the same time, a number of very authoritative thinkers openly call themselves nativists and defend this trend in philosophy, cognitive sciences, linguistics and other fields of knowledge (Chomsky, McGinn, Lawrence and Margolis). The main aim of this paper is to analyse the contemporary polemic between empiricists and nativists. It will be shown that the main polemical knot around which the debate unfolds can be easily untied through a transcendentalist interpretation of nativism. In particular, an appeal to phenomenology can help to notice the importance of the idea of the non-essentiality of the source of experience to experience. Phenomenology, which preserves the idea of this non-essentiality, has in mind a radical break with the ontology of natural objects, and will not, in particular, deduce innate knowledge from evolutionary mechanisms, nor will it place it within the biological structure of organisms (e.g., the brain or the neural processes in it). It remains to be shown that most of the positions and refutations of modern nativism are based on a misunderstanding of the classical “overcoming” of the dispute between empiricism and rationalism by transcendentalism and transcendental phenomenology, as well as the requirement of transcendentalism and transcendental phenomenology not to place the source of experience in the same world in which we locate experience itself. The study is to consider what the modern nativist view must look like in its transcendentalist interpretation in order to be a worthy opponent to modern empiricism.
NORM, ONTOLOGY, CONCEPTUAL SCHEME: NORMATIVE HEIDEGGERIANISM IN PHILOSOPHICAL AND HISTORICAL CONSIDERATION
Authors:   Scientific and Educational Laboratory of Transcendental Philosophy, HSE University, ONEGIN ILIA
Published: June 2024

This article reconstructs the normative strategy of interpretation of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time in modern analytical philosophy, and also proposes a theoretical framework for understanding this strategy as a historical phenomenon. The article describes the development of the normative direction in the interpretation of Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. Its first branch—the socio-normative, or the neopragmatist one—is associated with such philosophers as John Haugeland and Robert Brandom. The second one—the ethico-normative, or postneopragmatist one—branch is represented by Steven Crowell and Sacha Golob. It is shown that the first group of normativists focused mainly on implicit social norms and structures of conformity, while the second—focuses primarily on Kantian ethics and Christina Korsgaard’s interpretation of Kant, as well as on the inferentialist philosophy of language of Robert Brandom. The conceptual schemes used by each of the representatives of these approaches are reconstructed. The connections of different approaches within the framework of the normative direction with each other are shown. The concept of a relay race is proposed, which can describe normative Heideggerianism as a historical phenomenon. It is shown that the development of normative Heideggerianism can be characterized as theoretical progress in relation to the accuracy of the interpretation of Heidegger’s texts. The grounds for the comparative “progressiveness” of different normative approaches in the updates of the basic normative conceptual scheme that they involve are clarified. It is also shown that the progress of the normative conceptual scheme in the direction of flexibility and adaptation to Heidegger’s text is fraught with a loss of meaningfulness of the very concept of norm. It is argued that the concept of norm, despite the loss of its empirical content, can be used to translate Heidegger’s concepts for pragmatic reasons.
THE QUESTION OF PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
Authors:   Faculty of Humanities, Charles University in Prague, MENSCH JAMES
Published: June 2024

That Americans face a crisis in representative democracy is a matter of common knowledge. It is daily demonstrated by the paralysis of Congress to pass important legislation. Carl Schmitt, writing during a period of similar paralysis in the Weimar Republic, argued that the crisis is inherent in the very notion of parliamentary or representative democracy. While the parliamentary principle emphasizes contending parties and reasoned debates, the democratic principle is one of unification, one where the outvoted minority submits to the majority. Doing so, the minority “know that they have mistaken the content of the general will,” which is, inherently, unitary. This leads to the fact that democracy can, following its principles, suspend itself. Thus, the members of the Reichstag who passed the Enabling Act on March 23, 1933 could say that this Act suspending parliament expressed the general will. Rule by decree rather than through parliament was, they could claim, the choice of the popular will. After examining Schmitt’s position, this article considers Arendt’s response, which involves a unique definition of political thinking. In her view, this involves the politics of public space and of public identities established by public actions. As such, it involves negotiation, compromise, and, most importantly, promises made and kept. The paper concludes by considering what it would take to overcome the current crisis in representative democracy.
MARTIN-LÖF’S TYPE THEORУ: BETWEEN PHENOMENOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Brunch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DOMANOV OLEG
Published: June 2024

Martin-Löf’s type theory stems simultaneously from Frege and Russell’s logic-ontological ideas and Husserl’s phenomenology. The article examines this intermediate status of type theory using as examples Martin-Löf ’s syntactical-semantic method and the role of evidence and canonical objects in his approach. Martin-Löf borrows the syntactical-semantic method from Frege and extends it drawing on Husserl’s theory of meaning. In type theory this method leads to the identity (isomorphism) of syntax and semantics (formal logic and formal ontology). Unlike traditional formal logic the type theory is an interpreted system from the very beginning. Being intuitionistic, Martin-Löf ’s theory is based on the notion of proof, not truth. From the meaning theory point of view, it is a variant of proof-theoretic semantics (Gentzen, Prawitz, Dummett) which understands meaning as an object constructed according to certain rules. So understood, the proof is based on evidence, which allows us to associate it with the theory of intentionality by Husserl. The article compares Martin-Löf ’s type theory with Husserl’s intentionality theory, especially with the latter’s noematic component. We may consider type-theoretical rules for constructing objects and operating with them as a concretization and formalization of the phenomenological notion of noema. Both are explications of the more general concept of meaning. The article discusses the interrelation between notions of sense and meaning (Sinn, Bedeutung) in Frege, Husserl and Martin-Löf. This reveals the uncertainty of Martin-Löf ’s position in relation to meaning theories of Frege and Husserl.
HUSSERL, AJDUKIEWICZ, AND BLAUSTEIN ON MEANING
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, NUCCILLI DANIELE , LEWANDOWSKI RAFAŁ ,   Institute of Philosophy, University of Gdańsk
Published: June 2024

The aim of this article is to investigate the reception of Husserl’s theory of meaning by Ajdukiewicz and Blaustein, two members of the analytically-oriented Lvov-Warsaw School, who, in different ways, were attracted to and confronted with Husserl’s phenomenology. The discussed hypothesis is that Ajdukiewicz’s interpretation of Logical Investigations, and his original theory of meaning influenced both Blaustein’s critical reading of Husserl’s theory of intentionality and his account of meaning-intention. After outlining the central elements of “First Logical Investigation” the paper shows how it is interpreted by Ajdukiewicz in his Lvov lectures on logic and in his directival theory of meaning. What emerges is a psychological-descriptive interpretation of Husserl’s concept of meaning, and a reconsideration of his theory of intentionality within the inferential structure of beliefs in premises that motivates a person who speaks a language to believe in conclusions of a certain form. This leads Ajdukiewicz to his own original conventionalist account of meaning which is based on the identification of three main directives of meaning that represent the matrix of a given language, i.e., the grid in which each meaning finds its place. These elements allow one to demonstrate how Ajdukiewicz’s interpretation resonates in Blaustein’s critique of Husserl in his early writings, where, in addition to a psychological-descriptive reading of phenomenology we also find a conventionalist conception of meaning acts and signitive presentations. According to Blaustein, a sign can represent an object only through the conventions arising from the directives of meaning that belong to a given natural language.
A comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of Kushthagna Mahakashaya and Aaraghwadadi Gana along with local application of Karanjadi Taila in the management of Eka-Kushta w.s.r. to Psoriasis
Authors: Arpana Gupta  , Rishabh Jain  , Swati Nagpal
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Eka-Kushta is one among 11 varieties of Kushdra Kushta which resembles psoriasis clinically. It is one of the most common dermatological diseases, affecting up to 1-3% of the world’s and 0.44-2.8% of Indian population. Currently the treatment available for the management of psoriasis include topical therapy, photo therapy, corticosteroids, etc having their own limitations. Thus, there is a need for safe, effective, and sustainable medicine for the management. Methodology: The clinical study was done on 45 subjects of both genders, between the age group of 18-58 years who were randomly assigned into 3 groups (15 patients in each group) namely - Group A (Kushthaghna Mahakashyay and Karanjadi Taila), Group B (Aaraghwadadi Gana and Karanjadi Taila), and Group C (Placebo). Result: Outcome of the treatment after 45 days was statistically extremely significant in the remission of the symptoms of Eka-Kushta in most of the subjective and objective parameters. Discussion: Group A, treatment was found to be effective in Matsyashalopam, Kandu, Auspitz Sign, Candle grease sign, Koebner’s phenomenon, and PASI Score and the result was very significant in Aswedanama and Vruttam. Group B, treatment regimen was found to be effective in Matsyashalopam, Kandu, and Auspitz Sign, Candle grease sign, Koebner’s phenomenon, and PASI Score and the result was very significant in Aswedanama, Vruttam. Group C, treatment regimen was found to be effective in Matsyashalopam and the result was insignificant in Kandu, Aswedanama, Vruttam, Krishna Varna, Auspitz Sign, Candle grease sign, Koebner’s phenomenon, and PASI Score.
A review on Ekal Dravya Prayoga in various Yonivyapada
Authors: Himanshi Goyal  , Raj Laxmi Ashwarya , Zhillika  , Harpreet
Published: June 2024

We have progressed greatly over time to reach the contemporary day, where everything has altered at the grassroots level due to globalization. Dietary changes have occurred alongside changes in culture, society, and the economy. Numerous ailments have emerged as a result of dietary and lifestyle changes, particularly in women who must juggle work and home obligations. Since Artava is the Updhatu of Rasa Dhatu and changes in Ahara result in Rasa Dhatu Dushti, Artava Dhatu leads to a variety of Yonivyapadas. 87% of women reported having dysmenorrhea, 86% premenstrual syndrome, 72% abnormal menstrual flow, and 63% genital infections, according to the study. The average impact of gynecological issues on employed women was 56.13%. The impact of these issues on their social and occupational performance was rated as mild by 8% of women, severe by 16%, and moderate by 76% of women.[1] In terms of living forms, ferns (2 species, 2.99%), trees (7 species, 10.45%), shrubs (15 species, 22.39%), and sedge (1 species, 1.49%) were the most common life forms utilized in gynecological treatments (42 species, 62.69%).[2] Bandhyatva, Garbhadhan, Garbhasrava and Garbhpata, Pradararoga, and several other Yonivyapadas mentioned by Acharyas can all be treated with Ekal Dravya, such as Ashoka, Udumbara, Durva, Kadalli, Tagara, Shunthi, Gokshura, Atibala, Yashtimadhu, Vacha, and so on. Several Yonivyapadas will be discussed in this study along with other classical facts about the Ekal Dravyas.
Implication of Forensic Science for Private Security
Authors: Shruti Saxena  , Sunila H. Deo
Published: June 2024

In today's time, when violence has made its home everywhere, where every day we get to see and hear about crimes and also come to know about such incidents, in such a situation a person is worried about his safety and the safety of his loved ones. Because of this, the dependence on private security has increased. This facility is available not only to the individual but also to his valuables and belongings. There are various in such agencies around us today which provide us with required facilities and trust, due to which we can remain safe in society. The application of forensic sciences also has an important contribution in making the private security strong, powerful and efficient, where-in forensic science includes streams like civil law, fingerprint, DNA analysis, and training on weapons, ballistics, arson & explosives. Therefore, with the help of forensics, these security services work well, and they are also responsible for preventing any unusual incidences. It is able to create a mundane and crime-free environment in society.
Clinical efficacy of Madhu Aschyotana in the management of Prathama Patalagata Timira w.s.r. to Simple Myopia - A Pilot Study
Authors: Shweta Savalagi  , Vinod Jadhav  , Santosh Pujari  , Manjunath Koutal  , Prashanth Kalyanshetty
Published: June 2024

Sarvendriyanam Nayanam Pradhanam Netra (Eye) is a highly specialized sense organ serving the most important vision function. Almost 90% of knowledge is perceived only through the eyes. But in today’s era due to Excessive exposure to dust, smoke, and other pollutants like carbon dioxide emitted from vehicles, factories visual impairments have started. Ayurvedic classical texts have mentioned the eye and its diseases since Vedic and Samhita Kala, thus while explaining Nidana’s[1](Causes) of Netra Roga they said, as Sukshma Nireekshana, Durekshanat, Diva Swapna, and Prasakta Samrodhana, Vega Vinigraha, etc lead to the different types of Netra Roga. In Ayurveda, clinical features related to visual disturbances are generally seen in Dristigata Roga. The anatomical consideration of the Patala and symptoms of the vitiated Dosha situated in these Patala reveals that the word Timira, described as an ocular pathology in Ayurveda, is nothing but the error of refraction. The part of clinical features of Timira (Prathama Patalagata Timira) can be correlated to simple myopia. Honey is good for the eyes and hence considered under Chakshushya Dravya’s[2], and eliminates vitiated Kapha and Pitta Dosha. Honey has a long history of Ayurvedic use for various eye ailments. Administration of Madhu in the eyes improves vision or eyesight.
Effect of Vamana Karma and Panchkola Phanta in Hypothyroidism (Agnimandya)
Authors: Mohini Rawat  , Arvind Gupta  , Vandana
Published: June 2024

Modernization leads to improper balance and disintegration of health and environment, body, mind and soul leading to lifestyle disorders. Hypothyroidism is one among the lifestyle and endocrinal disorder which is commonly encountered now days continuing to pose a major health issue. As it also responds to stress and stimuli the global incidence of hypothyroidism is more. This is leading to many lifestyle disorders and hormonal imbalance in our body. Hypothyroidism also known as underactive thyroid is a condition where the thyroid gland does not create enough thyroid hormones, which decreases the basal metabolic rate. Hypothyroidism may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stage. It occurs about 7-8 times more frequently in females than males. The only modern treatment available is lifelong use of hormonal therapy (Levothyroxine sodium) but it has side effects on long term use. Thus, in order to prevent life long medication and side effects of synthetic drugs, using traditional and natural substance for treatment of hypothyroidism. In Ayurveda there is no direct reference of thyroid in Ayurveda classics but all the metabolic processes of the body are under the control of Agni. Ayurveda mentioned Shodhana Chikitsa, in Agnimandya dominancy of Kapha Dosha and Vamana Karma is best line of treatment for Kapha Dosha. Panchkola Phanta serves the purpose of Deepan and Pachana, thus eliminating the root cause of the disease and correcting the Agni and does the digestion of Ama. In Agnimandya, Panchkola Phanta is useful for Amapachana and to increase the Agni.
A conceptual analysis of Marma Chikitsa in Avabahuka
Authors: Aayushi Chouhan  , Rita Marwaha  , Nisha Bhalerao  , Swatantra Kumar Chourasia
Published: June 2024

Acharya Sushruta has classified Avabahuka, a disease of the Amsa Sandhi (shoulder joint), under the eighty varieties of Vata Vyadhi. Amsa Shosha (wasting of the shoulder) can be considered as the preliminary stage of the disease, where loss or dryness of Sleshaka Kapha from Amsa Sandhi occurs. Its growing prevalence in today's world necessitates efficient management with quick and long-lasting effects. Therefore, in such cases, Marma Chikitsa, an alternate Ayurvedic therapy, can be recommended. Multiple sittings are required for better results. Avabahuka can be treated with improvements, regardless of its severity or duration. In this study, emphasis is laid upon eight specific Marma Sthana (or energy points) for the management of Avabahuka by considering the related literature. This conceptual study may prove beneficial from the clinical and surgical point of view.
Role of Agnikarma in Pain Management
Authors: Ashima Kahi
Published: June 2024

Pain is a bad feeling that makes a person visit a doctor because it prevents them from doing their daily tasks. When Sandhigata Vata affects movable joints of the body, like the knee joint (Janusandhi), the condition becomes more excruciating. Due to its frequent involvement in daily routine work, its status as a weight-bearing joint, and its tendency to develop in overweight patients, the disease Sandhigata Vata is more likely to affect the knee joint. Vata Dosha is predominant in the pathophysiology of Sandhigata Vata, exhibiting symptoms like Vedana (pain during joint movement) and Shopha (swelling). The joint stiffness and crepitus (specific sound during joint movement) are symptoms that may be co-related in modern parlance with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint in this article details description given about Agnikarma.
A Case Study on Pakshaghata - A Successful Story
Authors: Pooja Mural  , Prashanth AS  , Madhusudhan Kulkarni
Published: June 2024

Pakshaghata (hemiplegia) is a condition that affects half side of the body. Vata Dosha regulates all the functions of the body. Vata Prakopa acts as a main cause for Pakshaghata. Vata Prakopa happens due to Marghavarodha and Dhatukshaya. According to the contemporary science, all the sensory and motor activities are controlled by the brain. Cerebrovascular accidents are mainly responsible for loss of function in the body and due to its similarity, it can be correlated to Pakshaghata as explained in Ayurveda. Pakshaghata can be treated in Ayurveda, with Panchakarma procedures like Mridu Samshodhana and Basti. In the present case, the patient presented with the weakness in the right side of the body. Patient was bed ridden and treated with Panchakarma therapy for 4 months with Udwartana, Basti, Nasya, Abhayanga. After treatment patient was able to walk without any support and other complaints got relived by 80%.
Ayurvedic management of Karnanaada w.s.r. to Tinnitus - A Case Report
Authors: Rajesab D. Kabade  , Roopa Kumatagi  , Gangadhar M. Timmapur
Published: June 2024

Shalakya Tantra is one of the branches among Astanga Ayurveda. Karnanada is one of the Karnagata Roga explained in Shalakya Tantra. It is the most common complaint encountered in clinical practice of Shalakya. Vata dominant Tridosha along with Rakta presents as the chief pathological factors in the case of Karnanada. Karnanada can be correlated with tinnitus. It is the condition in which there is a perception of sound that appears to originate in the head in the absence of external stimuli. Epidemiologically this disease is present in 38% population below the age of 40 years and 68% population above the age of 40 years. This is a case study of patient aged about 19 year female came to Shalakya Tantra OPD with complaints of ringing sound in right ear for the last 1 year which was mild in nature. Since 15 days symptom is increased and she also complained of disturbed sleep and irritation. The patient was treated with Nirgundi Taila Karnapoorana, Ksheerabala Taila Nasya along with oral administration of Sarivadi Vati for one week. The patient showed marked relief in symptoms of tinnitus. There was no recurrence during a follow-up of four weeks. The treatment reveals that Ayurvedic interventions are effective in the management of tinnitus quite efficiently.
Salud y calidad de vida en recicladores de Montería, Colombia.
Authors: Berrocal N Neila Esther , Puello A Elsy Cecilia , Ocampo R Monica Mabel
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Analizar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los recicladores de la ciudad de Montería. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo; población y muestra estuvo conformada por 172 recicladores de Montería, Colombia. En la recolección de la información se utilizó el cuestionario WHOQOL-BREF, el cual mide la percepción de calidad de vida y satisfacción con la salud en cuatro dimensiones. En el análisis estadístico, se calculó medidas de tendencia central, desviación estándar, y análisis inferencial. La correlación y asociación; se hizo análisis de componentes principales (ACP). Resultados: Se encontró que la escala más afectada fue la dimensión ambiental; la social y psicológica superaron los 70 puntos porcentuales, seguido de la dimensión física. La correlación entre las variables fue positiva; con valores de 0,4486 en la dimensión ambiental, 0,3972 dimensión física, 0,2984 psicológica y finalmente 0,2624 en la social. Conclusiones: Aunque la remuneración recibida por esta labor es esencial para el sustento de estas personas, sus familias y fundamental para la protección del medio ambiente, es una actividad que continúa siendo subvalorada, se realiza en escenarios carente de los derechos básicos de todo trabajador, inmersos en contextos de inequidad social y económica, desprovista de la especial protección del Estado.
ChatGPT as a Bridge between Cancer Patients and AI-based Diagnostic Tools (Preprint)
Authors: Hasnain Muhammad , Alotaibi Saud S , Mehboob Bilal
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Cancer diagnosis and treatment is highly dependent on conventional pathology techniques such as histopathology, cytopathology and ancillary approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered data processing and learning has emerged as a key driver for medical progress, and pathology and laboratory medicine are no exception.

OBJECTIVE

This study highlights the significance of cancer diagnosis within the framework of ChatGPT, a language model driven by "artificial intelligence" (AI). Through data analysis and useful answer generation, ChatGPT offers invaluable insights and support for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and patient education.

METHODS

The purpose of this paper is to create 21 cancer-related questions. We used Google Bard and the most recent version of ChatGPT 4.0 to get responses. We performed an intermodal evaluation and double-checked the answers to these inquiries.

RESULTS

We were able to identify 12 prevalent cancer types and provide information on their symptoms, recommended course of treatment, and available medications. The precision and dependability of the data provided by ChatGPT were confirmed by the use of publications from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the PubMed online databases. In addition, we compared the output produced by the ChatGPT application using Bard, a large language model. The results demonstrated that the ChatGPT application can identify the most serious types of cancer, including pancreatic, lung, and brain malignancies.

CONCLUSIONS

This research indicates that future developments in AI technology and real-time data integration can further enhance the usefulness of ChatGPT and other similar applications in cancer management and treatment.
Rasch Analysis of the Mobile Version of the eHealth Literacy Scale (m-eHEALS) in Cardiovascular Disease Patients (Preprint)
Authors: Zhao Yuhan , Luo Yuan , Miao Yiqun , Hou Qiaoling , DALLAKOTI NAMUNA , Wu Ying
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global health issue with rising morbidity and mortality rates. Despite medical progress, effective self-management remains a challenge due to limited health knowledge among patients. The emergence of information technology offers new solutions for online self-management, but its success hinges on eHealth literacy. The m-eHEALS aim to assess this literacy, yet they have limitations, particularly in comprehensiveness and application to diverse populations.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the m-eHEALS psychometric properties for CVD patients with Rasch analysis.

METHODS

atients from neurology and cardiology departments in two Beijing hospitals were selected through continuous inclusion from February 20 to May 4, 2023. The study involved m-eHEALS and demographic information to examine CVD patients, focusing on unidimensionality, item fit, reliability, difficulty, item characteristic curve, and differential item functioning (DIF) using Rasch analysis.

RESULTS

The scale divided into three dimensions showed items in the self-perception dimension aligning well, but items N4, N5, N6, N10, and N11 had poor fit. The person separation index was 4.02 (reliability = 0.94), and the item separation index was 8.96 (reliability = 0.99), with no ceiling or floor effect. DIF analysis revealed a 0.71 logit difference between genders for item N12.

CONCLUSIONS

The m-eHEALS has good psychometric properties in CVD patients, despite some items poorly matching subjects, suggesting future refinements and focus on subgroup characteristics to enhance scale accuracy and applicability.
Mezcal artesanal en Puebla: actores y saberes locales.
Authors: Benítez García Erika , Jaramillo Villanueva José Luis , Vargas López Samuel , Bustamante González Angel
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación, fue explicar el conocimiento y saber local de los productores de mezcal. La metodología fue cualitativa; se utilizaron la entrevista en profundidad y la observación participativa, que permitieron una visión holística de la dinámica de la producción de mezcal y el acercamiento a los actores y saberes ancestrales. La recolección de datos de una muestra de 42 unidades de producción y ocho comunida­des, se realizó usando el método de bola de nieve. Los productores tienen edad promedio de 51 años, 70% de ellos, con escolaridad de 9 años o menos y mantienen una estrategia de pluriactividad para generar sus ingre­sos: 63% venta de mezcal y combinan actividades agropecuarias y no agropecuarias (37%). La elaboración de mezcal (artesanal y ancestral) tiene cinco procesos: el acopio de agave, horneado, fermentación, destilación y envasado. La mano de obra, es principalmente familiar. La actividad, la realizan productores de cuarta gene­ración, 74% de ellos, pertenecen a alguna organización y 88%, participan en dos o más etapas de la cadena Agave-mezcal; en donde el conocimiento y saber local, son parte esencial de las estrategias de subsistencia y permanencia de los hogares en el territorio estudiado. Para afianzar la permanencia de la elaboración de mezcal como generadora de bienestar social, son necesarias políticas de apoyo, hasta ahora escasas, la conservación del recurso genético, investigación agronómica, capacitación comercial y dotación de servicios a las comunidades.
ALIENAÇÃO PARENTAL NO PROCESSO JUDICIAL FAMILIAR: A importância do papel da psicologia jurídica para sua comprovação
Authors: Xavier Marcos Gomes , Souza Valderson Marreiro de , Rodrigues Júlia Gabriele Oliveira , Rebelo Weber Henriques , Silva Kennety Crisostomo Prata da , Sousa Ezequiel da Silva , Sobrinho Raimundo Pinheiro do Amaral , Honorato Lorena Guimarães Ferreira , Honorato Marcos Manoel
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to analyze how parental alienation is harmful in the family legal process, as well as to describe the importance of the psychologist's role in proving parental alienation. Legal psychology assists the judge in understanding cases involving the custody of children and adolescents, protecting their interests. To do this, it was necessary to conceptualize what Brazilian legislation and the Psychologists' Code of Conduct deal with regarding psychological expertise in civil proceedings that deal with parental alienation. The methodology adopted was a bibliographic, descriptive and analytical review, through the survey of reference articles on the topic, visits to government websites and survey of jurisprudence on the topic. As a conclusion of the research, it is observed that the psychologist is essential for identifying or not the conduct of parental alienation, considering that these processes that deal with this conduct often do not have clear evidence of the practice.
Quantum Merkle Trees
Authors: Chen Lijie , Movassagh Ramis
Published: June 2024

Committing to information is a central task in cryptography, where a party (typically called a prover) stores a piece of information (e.g., a bit string) with the promise of not changing it. This information can be accessed by another party (typically called the verifier), who can later learn the information and verify that it was not meddled with. Merkle trees \cite{Merkle87} are a well-known construction for doing so in a succinct manner, in which the verifier can learn any part of the information by receiving a short proof from the honest prover. Despite its significance in classical cryptography, there was no quantum analog of the Merkle tree. A direct generalization using the Quantum Random Oracle Model (QROM) \cite{BonehDFLSZ11} does not seem to be secure. In this work, we propose the quantum Merkle tree. It is based on what we call the Quantum Haar Random Oracle Model (QHROM). In QHROM, both the prover and the verifier have access to a Haar random quantum oracle G and its inverse.Using the quantum Merkle tree, we propose a succinct quantum argument for the Gap-k-Local-Hamiltonian problem. Assuming the Quantum PCP conjecture is true, this succinct argument extends to all of QMA. This work raises a number of interesting open research problems.
Valdošā uzņēmuma pienākums atlīdzināt atkarīgās sabiedrības zaudējumus koncernu tiesībās
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Balodis Kaspars
Published: June 2024

One of the main functions of the Group of Companies Law is to protect the legal and financial interests of a dependent company in its relations with the controlling enterprise. There is no general prohibition for a controlling enterprise to induce the dependent company to enter into a disadvantageous transaction. As a general principle, the controlling enterprise shall compensate the dependent company for losses arising from such disadvantageous transactions. If a group contract between the controlling enterprise and the dependent company exists, the legal representatives (board members) of the controlling company (enterprise) are jointly responsible for the losses of the dependent company. If a group contract has not been concluded (de facto group of companies), the controlling enterprise itself has to compensate for the losses of the dependent company. Besides the controlling enterprise, the legal representatives of this enterprise bear joint responsibility.
Apdrošināšanas līguma regulējums laika griežos: prof. Bunges kodifikācija un mūsdienas
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Mantrovs Vadims
Published: June 2024

The author considers the regulation of the insurance contract from the perspective of regulatory approach, starting with Prof. Bunge’s Codification (Part III of the Baltic Local Laws Collection “Civil Laws”) to this day. The discussion concerns three different approaches used for regulation of insurance contract in different periods. The discussion starts with Prof. Bunge’s approach while drafting the Codification of 1864 – the predecessor of the current Civil Law. Afterwards, the approach used by the Latvian legislator is is analysed, as the Civil Law was drafted in 1930s, leading to its adoption in 1937 in conjunction with the drafting of commercial law regulation. Finally, the author considers the modern approach to insurance contract regulation after the restoration of the Civil Law in 1992–1993, which is currently carried out within a separate legal act, i.e. the Insurance Contract Act. The article ends with the conclusion summarising the discussion reflected in the article.
Mantojuma atraušana necienīgām personām
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Reide Alise
Published: June 2024

According to Article 824 of the Latvian Civil Law the inheritance as well as the legacy shall be forfeited from a person due to his or her unworthiness. Therefore, the article explores forfeiture of inheritance from unworthy persons by analysing the main legal grounds for forfeiture of the inheritance, distinguishing forfeiture from disinheritance, exploring the procedure and limitation period for this claim, as well as examining the legal consequences of forfeiture of the inheritance on the basis of unworthiness.
Kopīpašuma izbeigšanas civilprocesuālā kārtība
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Čudina Ieva
Published: June 2024

The rules on the termination of the joint property should be sufficiently clearly enshrined in the legal framework to ensure that each co-owner is able to ascertain the civil procedural steps to be taken to terminate the joint property. The current civil procedural legal framework is incomplete. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia determines that each joint owner may at any time require a division of joint property. However, the Civil Procedure Law of the Republic of Latvia does not regulate the procedure for submitting a claim for division of joint property ownership. The aim of the current study is to examine the scope of civil proceedings for division of joint property ownership, ascertain the limits of the claim, to explore how the concept of actio duplex works, and to establish the options available for court in solving the case.
Digitālo pakalpojumu akts un patērētāja lēmuma autonomijas aizsardzība
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Dāvida Zanda
Published: June 2024

On 16 November 2022, the Digital Services Act entered into force. Now intermediary service providers under the Digital Services Act are subject to additional obligations to mitigate the distribution of unlawful content online and to establish a secure, predictable, and trustworthy digital environment. Additionally, the Digital Services Act includes a prohibition on deceptive or manipulate interfaces, however, at the same time, it excludes consumers from this protection. Therefore, the author of the article analyses the legal aspects of Article 25 of the Digital Services Act, aiming to ensure the organic integration of the new regulation into the current EU legal system regarding the prohibition of unfair commercial practices.