bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ‘Praecipe Quod Reddat’ Writ as a Forerunner of the English Common Law. History
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of History of State and Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) PhD (Law), Baranov Vsevolod F.
Published: March 2021

In our previous article we defined the conception of the ‘praecipe’ writ and its significance. This article is devoted to the history of its origin and development. The role of the writs ‘praecipe’ in the development of the English Common Law is exceptionally great. No other type of writ brought so much litigation to the royal courts. We find the writ in Glanvill, but its origins go back very far and its later developments were prolific. ‘Praecipe’ is the writ in which the origin of the common law writs and actions and the sense of their history can be seen most clearly. Indeed, there the process of judicialisation of the old high-handed method of redress, that remarkable joining of power and law, can be grasped most easily. It will also be seen that the vast group of ‘praecipe’ writs was not a ready-made, cleverly invented technique to bring cases to the royal court. In fact, the writs ‘praecipe’ were the outcome of a slow historical development that stretched over many generations. The embryo of ‘praecipe’ was a royal order without a tinge of judicial implication and of a mere police character, whereas its latest forms and ultimate development, was purely judicial, not only in essence but also in forms, being a summons to a law court.
Extremism Prevention and Assurance of Inter-Confessional Consent as an Area of Work of Government Authorities and Public Associations in the Constituent Entities of Russia (the Experience of the Tyumen Region)
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Industrial University of Tyumen, PhD (History), Associate Professor, Khramtsov Aleksandr B.
Published: March 2021

This work examined the experience of state authorities and public associations of the Tyumen region in preventing extremism and ensuring interfaith harmony in the region. In recent years, an effective system has been created here to counter extremism. Key authorities and their competence in this area have been identified, in particular, for the development and implementation of preventive, patriotic, educational and propaganda measures. It was noted that despite the intensive migration flow, the socio-political situation in the region is stable, managed.
Some Issues and Contradictions in the Application of Laws on Municipal Service in Municipal Structures
Authors:   Senior Research Scientist, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Russian State University of Justice (Central Branch), PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Degtyareva Lesya N. , Dudin Nikolay M. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of the Humanities and Socioeconomic Disciplines of the Russian State University of Justice (the Central Branch), PhD in Pedagogy
Published: March 2021

The article outlines the main issues related to the application of the legislation on municipal service in municipalities. The authors made an attempt to generalize the existing options and methods for solving the problem of personnel policy at the local level.
The Institution of Presidency in the Russian Federation: Issues of the Establishment and Reformation at the Present Stage
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and International Law of the Law Institute of the Dagestan State University (DSU), PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Saybulaeva Saida A.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the establishment, formation and development of the Institute of the presidency in the Russian Federation. It is shown that this legal institution was established in complex political, legal and social conditions under the influence of international and national factors. Two main historical and legal stages of the establishment and formation of the Russian presidential Institute are considered. It is noted that the specifics of the Russian institution of the presidency were formed under the influence of, among other things, received and successive legal norms, which predetermined the formation and functioning of a new and unique legal institution for the Russian state. The article analyzes the consequences of modern constitutional changes in the political and legal status of the head of state and their subsequent impact on the state mechanism of the Russian Federation.
The Economic Basis of Local Self-Government as a Municipal Law Institution
Authors:   Head of the Department of State and Municipal Law of the Law Faculty of the Transbaikal State University (TSU), PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Lupenko Igor Yu. , Dondokov Tsyren S. ,   Professor of the Department of Administrative Law and Customs of the Law Faculty of the Transbaikal State University (TSU), PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the concept and elements of the economic basis of local self-government as a municipal law institution including provisions of laws and bylaws inter alia municipal ones regulating public relationships concerning exercising of owner’s authorities by a municipal institution in respect of the property in municipal ownership, local budget funds and property rights.
Legal Bases of Operations of Local Self-Government Authorities in Finland
Authors:   Consultant at the Legal Examination Division of the Legal Department of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Class 3 State Civil Service Adviser of the Russian Federation, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Municipal Law of the Law Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), Mitityuk Valentina M.
Published: March 2021

Student of the Department of Municipal Law of the Law Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) This article examines the legal framework for the organization and functioning of local government in the Finnish Democratic Republic. The characteristic features inherent in the development of local self-government in such a Scandinavian country as Finland are analyzed. The active activity at the local level of government in the Republic of Finland is quite progressive. In Finland, local governments are decentralized and characterized by a high degree of autonomy and independence. Particular attention is paid to programs implemented in the communes. The conclusion is made about the productive influence of local authorities on the development of the state. The functions of local self-government bodies in various areas are discussed in detail. The article also pays special attention to the Association of Local and Regional Authorities of Finland, which provides the necessary assistance and protection to municipalities. Thus, close contact of local authorities with residents of communes has a positive impact not only on the development of municipalities, but also on the economic development of the entire state.
Constitutional Consolidation of the Name of the Russian State: On Applicability of Abbreviations in Legal Acts
Authors:   Chief Consultant of the Executive Office of the Human Rights Commissioner for the Irkutsk Region, Ustinov Andrey N. , Yakimova Ekaterina M. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Support of National Security of the Baikal State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: March 2021

The rules of law require the drafters of legal instruments to comply with certain principles, including the correct use of abbreviations or abbreviations in order to uniformly interpret the content of a legal act. The question of whether it is possible to use the abbreviation of the Russian Federation as an abbreviation for “Russian Federation” is controversial, the substantive side of this issue reflects an ambiguous attitude towards the use in legal acts of any abbreviations or abbreviations. On various examples, including constitutional regulation of this issue in the Soviet period, modern judicial practice, the authors conclude that there is no direct ban on the use of the abbreviation of the Russian Federation, however, public authorities in local acts can establish restrictions on its use.
Antithrombotic therapy as a risk factor for nasal bleeding
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, 625002, Russia, Izvin A. I. , Veshkurtseva I. M. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, 625002, Russia,   Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, 625039, Russia, Rebyatnikova M. A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, 625002, Russia,   Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, 625039, Russia, Rudzevich A. V. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, 625039, Russia, Kuznetsova N. E. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, 625002, Russia,   Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, 625039, Russia
Published: March 2021

Among the spontaneous bleeding of various localizations, nasal hemorrhages (epistaxis) take a leading position. According to various authors, the proportion of patients with nosebleeds admitted to both the therapeutic and specialized otorhinolaryngological departments is increasing from year to year. Recurrent and profuse nosebleeds can often pose a real threat to the patient’s life, which requires urgent measures. Nosebleeds are often a symptom of a number of pathological conditions, developing, among other things, against the background of drug therapy of the underlying disease. In recent years, antithrombotic drugs have been widely used, prescribed both for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The use of this group of drugs is associated with certain risks of developing hemorrhagic complications, including nosebleeds, which significantly complicates the tactics of managing such patients, transferring epistaxis from a highly specialized problem to a general clinical one, requiring an interdisciplinary approach in each specific case. The article presents an analysis of the etiological factors in the development of nasal hemorrhages, the role of antithrombotic drugs in the development of these complications is studied (according to the data of the otorhinolaryngological department of the Tyumen Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2).
Tympanic cavity ultraphonophoresis in cases of preserving integrity of tympanic membrane
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University,  Omsk, 644099, Russia, Krotov S. Yu. , Ignat’ev Yu. T. ,   Omsk State Medical University,  Omsk, 644099, Russia, Krotov Yu. A. ,   Omsk State Medical University,  Omsk, 644099, Russia
Published: March 2021

One of the most common treatments for the middle ear disorders is the injection of medications into the tympanic cavity through the acoustic meatus. This method has proven itself in treatment of the perforated forms of otitis. In cases of preserving the integrity of the tympanic membrane, its efficacy is arguable due to the impossibility of drug direct penetration via the membrane and contact with the mucous membrane. To increase the permeability of the tympanum, the authors used endaural phonophoresis of drugs. The drug penetration into the tympanum was confirmed by multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the temporal bones before and after contrasted ultraphonophoresis with tissue contrast. A 5% solution of potassium iodide was used as a contrast substance, as well as a solution of dexamethasone, which served as an intermediate medium in patients with external otitis and a chronic secretory otitis media. The mechanism of penetration was associated with the primary accumulation of the drug in the layers of the tympanic and adjacent mucous membranes with further dissemination into the deeper parts of the tympanic cavity. An additional confirmation of this is the reaction of the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity, the mastoid process and the airiness restoration during endaural phonophoresis with dexamethasone. Ultraphonophoresis of drugs through the imperforated eardrum can be used in the conservative treatment of protracted forms of secretory otitis media.
New look at lateralization of inferior turbinate
Authors:   Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute,  Moscow, 117152, Russia, Tsarapkin G. Yu. , Tovmasyan A. S. ,   Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute,  Moscow, 117152, Russia, Kochetkova T. A. ,   Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute,  Moscow, 117152, Russia, Musaeva M. M. ,   Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute,  Moscow, 117152, Russia
Published: March 2021

By performing lateralization of the inferior turbinate, the surgeon achieves an improvement in nasal breathing by increasing the lumen of the common nasal passage. However, to date, there are no clear indications for lateroposition of the inferior turbinate and there are no scientific data on its clinical efficacy. The aim of the study was to develop an original method of selective HHR osteotomy with its subsequent lateralization (luxation) based on the analysis of CT anatomy of the HHR bone framework. The article describes the measurements and makes a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the “classical” lateralization of HNR and the original technique according to CT data. According to the results of CT analysis of SNP before and after surgery, patients were divided into 2 subgroups depending on the effectiveness of lateralization. The second stage was the analysis of the data obtained by CT of SNP in patients operated on with the original technique (n = 30). A positive result was obtained (achieved) in 100% of cases. The original technique of HNR lateralization developed by us has proven its effectiveness and safety, can be recommended as a minimally invasive, organ-preserving method of surgical treatment of vasomotor rhinitis and can reduce the number of reoperations.
Features of external auditory canal anatomy
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Anikin I. A. , Eremin S. A. ,   Saint Petersburg Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Shinkareva A. E. ,   Meda Clinic,  Saint Petersburg, Pushkin, 196601, Russia, Sitnikov S. I. ,   Kuban State Medical University,  Krasnodar, 350090, Russia
Published: March 2021

The external auditory canal is not only a part of the external ear, but also an integral part of the human auditory system, which conducts and amplifies the sound wave. In the field of otosurgery, it is often the priority access to the tympanic cavity, and therefore it is necessary to clearly understand the features of its anatomy. The dimensions and anatomy of the external auditory canal are extremely variable: the length is 2–3,5 cm, the diameter ranges from 5-9 mm, it is somewhat curved in the horizontal and frontal planes and consists of a membranous cartilaginous part and a bony part, between which there is the most the bottleneck – the isthmus. The ear canal is covered with skin, the thickness and structure of which depends on the section of the ear canal. The membranous cartilaginous section contains sebaceous and sulfur glands. Studies identify several forms of the bony part of the ear canal: conical, hourglass-shaped, ovoid, reverse conical, and cylindrical. The endoscopic scale (CES) for the visibility of the tympanic membrane was also proposed for the convenience of assessment. It has been suggested that the shape of the external auditory canal is an etiological factor in chronic otitis externa. Unambiguous interpretations of the relationship between ear diseases and the shape of the external auditory canal have not yet been obtained, but modern developments tend to consider its importance in the development of ear diseases. Clinical observations show that certain anatomical forms of it may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, since they interfere with proper self-cleaning.
Treatment choice for repair of sound-conducting apparatus with isolated ossicular anomalies
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Anikin I. A.
Published: March 2021

Over the last decades, attention to the study of the possibilities of pediatric otorhinolaryngology has increased. The constantly evolving technologies in reconstructive surgery and advances in the field of anesthetic management have made it possible to carry out the necessary surgical interventions at the earliest possible time. Even such traditionally complex areas like treatment of isolated middle ear abnormalities receive more and more opportunities for successful development. In order to achieve maximal results of hearing in isolated ossicular abnormalities, various approaches to their reconstruction are used. In our work, we aimed to find out which of the two most topical technical solutions is optimal in terms of functional results’ achievement. To do this, we analyzed two independent groups of patients in whom different approaches to the repair of the sound conduction was applied. On the basis of the study, it can be argued that attempts to preserve a deformed, but movable chain of the auditory ossicles, that is, performing type 1 tympanoplasty with an intact stapes with anomalies in the development of auditory ossicles did not prove their feasibility. Performing surgery using a simpler technique, namely with the removal of deformed ossicles and the use of partial titanium prostheses, allows you to achieve the best anatomical and functional results.
A Modification of the Leacock-Chodorow Measure of the Semantic Relatedness of Concepts
Authors: Korzeniewski Jerzy
Published: March 2021

The measures of the semantic relatedness of concepts can be categorised into two types: knowledge‑based methods and corpus‑based methods. Knowledge‑based techniques make use of man‑created dictionaries, thesauruses and other artefacts as a source of knowledge. Corpus‑based techniques assess the semantic similarity of two concepts making use of large corpora of text documents. Some researchers claim that knowledge‑based measures outperform corpus‑based ones, but it is much more important to observe that the latter ones are heavily corpus dependent. In this article, we propose to modify the best WordNet‑based method of assessing semantic relatedness, i.e. the Leacock‑Chodorow measure. This measure has proven to be the best in several studies and has a very simple formula. We asses our proposal on the basis of two popular benchmark sets of pairs of concepts, i.e. the Ruben‑Goodenough set of 65 pairs of concepts and the Fickelstein set of 353 pairs of terms. The results prove that our proposal outperforms the traditional Leacock‑Chodorow measure.
Ethics of interaction between Students and Professors in the context of digital transformation of Higher education
Authors:   Ural Institute of Management — branch of RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Chevtaeva N.G. , Nikitina A.S. , Lunev A.P.
Published: March 2021

Examined and analyzed are ethical aspects of interaction between students and teachers in the context of digital transformation of higher education. The forced massive transition to distance learning format updated the direction of research, related to ethical aspects of communication between a teacher and a student in the digital space. Digitalization processes, on the one hand, are becoming a factor of competitiveness, the prestige of educational institution, determining its place in the ranking of modern university, on the other hand, creating a problem of depersonalization of communication in the process of digital support of education. As a result of a sociological questionnaire survey and expert interviews among students and teachers of universities in Sverdlovsk region, both positive aspects of distance learning and communicative ethical difficulties were discovered during the period of transition to distance learning format. In conclusion, the authors offer a set of practical recommendations for further improving the ethical and communicative culture of students and teachers in the context of digitalization of higher education.
Factors of crisis of professional choice among students
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work, Musina V.P.
Published: March 2021

Presented are results of an empirical study of features of characteristics of demonstration of professional crisis in students during the period of completion of training, and also shown are their personal characteristics and specifics of vocational training. Based on the data found, the author has developed and presented practical recommendations for psychological and pedagogical support of students, experiencing a crisis of professional choice.
Study in the necessity of formation of legal culture of student youth
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Luneva E.V. , Bryzgalova O.N. , Fomichev K.A. , Hripunova O.G.
Published: March 2021

Presented is examining of the problem of formation and development of legal culture in the youth midst. The article is devoted to the study of formation questions of legal culture of students. Research in development of legal culture of student youth was conducted on the base of Kurgan state university. In the course of questionnaire of student youth of the university the authors elaborate existing problems, solution of which, they stated, could significantly and positively activate the process of formation of legal culture in that midst.
Staff training for cultural institutions in the Tuva Republic
Authors:   East-Siberian State Institute of Cultur, Zateeva N.A. , Tatarova S.P.
Published: March 2021

Researched is the problem of staff training for cultural institutions in the Tuva Republic. Development of socio-cultural sphere in the Republic of Tuva and establishment of personnel training system for cultural institutions have distinctive features from similar process in other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The system of training personnel for cultural institutions can be represented as a complex of institutional and non-institutional forms of professional development of specialists. Formation of the system of training specialists in the field of culture is due to the logic of development of the history of the Republic of Tuva and a number of interrelated factors (of political, cultural, economic, social character). There are several stages in development of the training system for cultural workers in the republic. At the initial stage, training of personnel for institutions of the social and cultural sphere of the Republic of Tuva was carried out outside the region. In 1960, an educational institution appeared in the republic that trains specialists at the level of secondary vocational education. During 1993 up to 2018. a two-tier system functioned in the republic, that made possible to receive secondary vocational and higher education in the field of culture and art. At present, on the territory of the Republic of Tuva, the system of training personnel for institutions of social and cultural sphere is represented by the level of secondary vocational education. Development of the system of professional training for specialists in social and cultural sphere is still an urgent task for the Republic of Tuva, and it requires interaction between educational organizations of the region, as well as modern solutions in the field of raising the professional level of cultural workers and the use of modern educational technologies.
Issues of formation of vocational value orientations of cadets of departamental educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors:   Stavropol branch of Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Malofei A.O. , Gonnov R.V. , Lazarev D.A.
Published: March 2021

Analyzed are principal issues of the process of formation of vocational and value orientations of cadets and students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia under modern conditions. Researched are regularities of that process and highlighted are problems in the course of its realization. Also presented is the survey of existing scientific literature, connected with examining problem.
Positive and negative aspects of Credit system in University: some results of the research
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University n.a. K.D. Ushinsky, Koryakovtseva O.A.
Published: March 2021

Analyzed is the role of credit system students’ knowledge grade in education growth. With this purpose it was made social research in VIP University of CFO. It was researched some students of 1–4th courses and teachers. There’re some results of depth-interview with position experts. It’s fixed that the most part of the students says that credit system (BGS) help to grow their motivation to fundamental and professional study and create their skills and habits and stimulate their systematic self-cultivation. Girls more than man sure that credit-system make impossible to protect unable and unteachable students, become make objective valuations of study capacity. Teachers also sure that credit system stimulate student’s every-day work, make educational technology better and optimized study process. In addition to that, some of them suppose that credit system make far more individual duty of teacher: now it’s necessary not only to write in individual plan-report of study work, but also write in different forms in credit-system. They have not any time to teaching development. The whole, a large part of teacher-respondents (without reference to gender, age or science degree and science order) think that credit system (BGS) is necessary. Base on incovered values and weaknesses of the system of grading, in the article suggested are some actions for its effectiveness growth.
Standardization and modernization of Kazakhstan Higher education
Authors:   Karaganda State Technical University, Pak Yu.N. , Nuguzhinov Zh.S. , Pak D.Yu.
Published: March 2021

Worked out is the analyzes of development of the Kazakhstan system of standardization of higher education on the example of several generations of state educational standards. Their features are examined in structural terms, as well as in terms of the requirements for the compulsory minimum of the educational content, the level of preparedness of graduates and learning outcomes. The dynamics of transformations in the context of expansion of universities academic freedoms, the ratio of compulsory and university components of educational programs is shown. The role of educational and methodological associations of universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the development of the regulatory and legal support of the educational process is emphasized. The relevance of introducing the competence-based approach in higher education on the basis of combining educational and professional standards is noted. It is shown that inconsistent and hasty reforms, uncompetitive level of teachers’ remuneration, expanding bureaucratization, underdeveloped quality assurance culture do not contribute to the successful modernization of higher education.
The Validity Ethnobotany Book of Claoxylon indicum in the Bukit Tamiang Forest Area, Tanah Laut Regency
Authors: Murdiyanti Rahmi , Amintarti Sri , Dharmono Dharmono
Published: March 2021

The people of Kandangan Baru Village have traditional wisdom in utilizing plants. The plants are used as medicine or economic materials. One of them is Claoxylon indicum in the Bukit Tamiang Forest, Tanah Laut Regency which can be used as a value of local wisdom for the local community. The purpose of this study was to describe the validity of the ethnobotany scientific work of Indian geranium as supporting material for ethnobotany. This study uses a development research method with the Educational Design Research (EDR) model and formative evaluation of the Tessmer exam. Teaching materials are in the form of a Popular Scientific Book entitled The Ethnobotany Study of Claoxylon indicum Plants in the Bukit Tamiang Forest Area in the expert test by two validators with a score of 94.4% as well as the practicality of the content for the individual test (one to one) by 3 biology education students of FKIP ULM Banjarmasin who had passed the ethnobotany course had very good results with a score of 3.7.Abstrak Masyarakat Desa Kandangan Baru memiliki kearifan tradisional dalam memanfaatkan tumbuhan. Tumbuhan digunakan sebagai obat atau bahan ekonomi. Salah satunya adalah Claoxylon indicum di Hutan Bukit Tamiang Kabupaten Tanah Laut yang dapat dijadikan sebagai nilai kearifan lokal bagi masyarakat setempat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan validitas karya ilmiah etnobotani geranium India sebagai bahan pendukung etnobotani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan dengan model Educational Design Research (EDR) dan evaluasi formatif ujian Tessmer. Bahan ajar berupa Buku Ilmiah Populer yang berjudul Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Claoxylon indicum di Kawasan Hutan Bukit Tamiang pada uji pakar oleh dua validator memiliki hasil validasi sangat valid dengan skor 94,4% serta hasil kepraktisan isi untuk uji perorangan (one to one) oleh 3 mahasiswa pendidikan biologi FKIP ULM Banjarmasin yang telah lulus mata kuliah etnobotani memiliki hasil sangat baik dengan skor 3,7.
Effectivity of Popular Scientific Book “Pteridophyta in Area Loksado” to Improve Students ‘Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Ridhana Anna , Winarti Atiek , Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari
Published: March 2021

Critical thinking is one of the skills that must be developed in the world of education. Students' critical thinking can be improved by optimizing learning, one of which is developing textbooks in the form of popular scientific books. Learning resources can be developed by utilizing the environment around students or locally based. The environment is a very rich source of learning following the demands of the curriculum. In this research, a popular scientific book on the diversity of ferns in the Haratai Loksado waterfall was developed. This study aims to develop popular scientific books based on the local potential to test the effectiveness of popular scientific books in improving students' critical thinking skills. This research is a research development research with formative evaluation using the Tessmer design. The effectiveness was tested at MAN 1 HSS with data on the effectiveness of popular scientific books seen from the average results of evaluation scores and practical results before and after being given popular scientific books. The results of the improvement in critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes were classified as high, namely at the third meeting with the acquisition of 93%. The increase occurred at each meeting as evidenced by the N-gain from the 1st to 3rd meeting with the high category with a value of 0.8.Abstrak Berpikir kritis adalah salah satu keterampilan yang harus dikembangkan oleh pendidikan. Berpikir kritis siswa dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengoptimalkan pembelajaran, salah satunya mengembangkan buku teks berupa buku ilmiah populer. Sumber belajar dapat dikembangkan dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar atau lokal siswa. Menurut persyaratan kursus, lingkungan merupakan sumber belajar yang sangat kaya. Dalam penelitian ini, dikembangkan buku ilmiah populer tentang keanekaragaman paku di kawasan air Terjun Haratai Loksado. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku ilmiah populer berbasis potensi lokal untuk menguji keefektifan buku ilmiah populer dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Kajian ini merupakan kajian penelitian dan pengembangan evaluasi formatif yang dirancang oleh Tessmer. Uji validitas dilakukan pada MAN 1 HSS yang menggunakan data validitas buku ilmiah populer, data diperoleh dari nilai evaluasi sebelum dan sesudah memperoleh buku ilmiah populer serta rata-rata hasil magang. Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar siswa tergolong tinggi, yaitu 93% pembelajaran diperoleh pada pertemuan ketiga. N gain (kategori 0.8) dari pertemuan ke-1 sampai ke-3 mengalami peningkatan di setiap pertemuan yang merupakan hasil dari kenaikan tersebut.
The Practicality of Popular Ethnobotany Scientific Books on Mangrove Plants Genus Avicennia, Tabanio Village
Authors: Fajrin Ayatul , Dharmono Dharmono , Zaini Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Learning using popular scientific books based on the local potential of an area is one solution that can be used to overcome problems that often arise such as a lack of student reading interest due to boring teaching materials and learning media in Ethnobotany courses, especially in some ethnobotany studies that require students to interact directly with the community. This development research aims to describe the practicality of a popular scientific book prototype entitled " Etnobotani Tumbuhan Mangrove Genus Avicennia Desa Tabanio". The research method used is the development model by Plomp and Nieveen which is limited to the formative evaluation phase based on the Tessmer model. The results showed that the results of the feasibility test for popular scientific books got an average score of 88.9% with very good criteria and the results of student responses to popular scientific books got an average of 91.56% with criterion very agree This shows that the popular scientific book entitled "Ethnobotany of Mangrove Plants Genus Avicennia Desa Tabanio" is very practical to be used as an enrichment material in ethnobotany learning.Abstrak Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan buku ilmiah populer berdasarkan potensi lokal yang dimiliki sebuah daerah merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah yang sering muncul seperti kurangnya minat membaca mahasiswa karena bahan ajar dan media pembelajaran yang membosankan pada mata kuliah Etnobotani khususnya pada beberapa kajian etnobotani yang mengharuskan mahasiswa untuk berinteraksi langsung dengan masyarakat. Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kepraktisan prototipe buku ilmiah populer yang berjudul “Etnobotani Tumbuhan Mangrove Genus Avicennia Desa Tabanio” Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah model pengembangan oleh Plomp dan Nieveen yang dibatasi sampai pada fase evaluasi formatif berdasarkan model Tessmer. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hasil uji keterlaksanaan buku ilmiah populer mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 88.9% dengan kriteria sangat baik dan hasil respond mahasiswa terhadap buku ilmiah populer mendapatkan rata-rata 91,56% dengan kriteris sangat setuju. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa buku ilmiah populer dengan judul “Etnobotani Tumbuhan Mangrove Genus Avicennia Desa Tabanio” sangat praktis digunakan sebagai bahan pengayaan dalam pembelajaran etnobotani.
Job and Worker Flows
Authors: Vishnevskaya N.
Published: March 2021

Current economic literature demonstrates an increasing interest to the process of job’s creation and destruction as well to labor force turnover. The article summarizes the results of recent foreign theoretical and empirical research on various aspects of labor mobility. Particular attention is paid to the research analyzing differences in dynamics of labor and job reallocations in developed and transitional economies. The cross-country comparative analysis provide a basis for several important conclusions. Firstly, despite significant cross-country differences the dynamics of job reallocation in economies under transition exceeds on the whole those in developed countries. Secondly, the structure of the economy (manufacturing sector versus services) is one of the main factors determining both job and worker flows. Thirdly, there is an opposite relationship between the dynamics of job turnover and the size of enterprise. Small firms play a very important role in job creation, while large firms dominate in absolute numbers of jobs created. Fourthly, among the factors determining the differences in job and labor force dynamics institutional characteristics occupy an important place. This suggests that country-specific policies and institutions are likely to play an important role in determining the level of job and worker reallocation. Stringent employment protection for regular contracts is believed to have a statistically significant negative effect on the workers’ reallocation. Unemployment benefits’ generosity appears to have a positive impact on average gross worker flows. By contrast, statutory minimum wages do not seem to have any sizeable effect on gross worker flows.
IMEMO in early 1990s (continued)
Authors: Cherkasov P.
Published: March 2021

The article describes the debate on foreign policy of the post-Soviet Russia, which took place at the Academic Council of IMEMO in 1992–1994. What are the national interests of the Russian young democracy? What should be Russian foreign policy in the new geopolitical situation, after the collapse of the USSR? To what extent the transformation of socio-political system in Russia changed the nature of its foreign policy? What should be its principles and priorities after the end of the Cold War? All these and other questions were in the focus of IMEMO experts immediately after the collapse of the communist regime in 1991. From the outset, the discussions were marked by different approaches to the issues. Some experts put forward as a priority the relations with the U.S. and the West in general, some put Europe in the first place, and others  - the Commonwealth of Independent States, which brought together some of the former Soviet republics. But all IMEMO experts in general agreed on the negative evaluation of the new Russian foreign policy quality: the default of a senior management for clear understanding of strategic and tactical foreign policy goals, low professional level of those who were called to form and implement foreign policy, the absence of a single center for decision-making, the lack of coordination between various authorities involved in the development of a foreign policy strategy  - Presidential Administration, Security Council, the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense, Parliament, etc. As mentioned in the discussions, the initial stage of idealistic notions and expectations of the West prevalent in Russian society and in the new ruling elite circles after the fall of the Soviet regime was soon replaced by disappointment and even irritation towards the West. Both of these trends were equally dangerous to the interests of the Russian foreign policy, which was in great need of a pragmatic, professional understanding of realities. This policy had to achieve two main objectives  - full integration of Russia into the world community of developed democracies, and protection of its own national interests within this community. One should have been inextricably linked with the other. Academic understanding of national interests in the field of foreign, defense and economic policies, the development of specific proposals and recommendations on these issues for the state leadership has become one of priorities for IMEMO analysts. Acknowledgements. The publication was prepared as part of the President of Russian Federation grant to support the leading scientific schools NSh-6452.2014.6.
Episodes of Diverticulitis and Hemorrhoidal Proctitis and Diets with Selected Plant Foods: Case-Control Study with a Food Frequency Questionnaire
Authors: Flich-Carbonell Juan , Alegre-Martinez Antoni , Alfonso-Sánchez José , Torres-Sanchez Maria , Gomez-Abril Salvador , Martinez-Martinez Maria , Martin-Moreno Jose
Published: March 2021

Background The high incidence of diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis episodes in the population imposes an important healthcare and economic burden. Aim To determine the association between intake of certain plant foods and diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis episodes. Methods Case-control study with quantitative food frequency questionnaire focusing on selected plant foods and derived products. These were grouped by main chemical components into: ethanol, caffeine/theine/theobromine, capsaicin, alliin, acids, eugenol, and miscellaneous foods like curcumin. We quantified intake according to 24-h recall, either on a 1-4 scale (no intake, low, moderate, high intake) or as the number of units consumed (e.g. cups of tea/coffee, n of oranges or lemons); this value was multiplied by the number of reported intake days per week (1-7). Overall intake was expressed as a continuous variable obtained by successively multiplying the score for each food category, and the result was transformed into a common logarithm (range 0.3 to 27.7). Cases and controls were compared using the chi-squared test, student’s t test, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and predictive analysis (multiple logistic regression). Results The sample included 410 cases and 401 controls, who were similar in mean age and gender distribution. The mean score for overall intake of included plant foods was 6.3 points (standard deviation [SD] 4.5), and this was significantly higher in cases (8.5 points, SD 5.3) than in controls (4.1 points, SD 1.2; p < 0.001). Overall intake was similar in cases presenting diverticulitis or hemorrhoidal proctitis. Cases had 13 times the odds of being in the upper quartile for overall intake (> 7 points) compared to controls (OR 13.2, 95% CI 8.3 to 20.8, p < 0.001). Predictive logistic regression models showed that the chemical food group most closely associated with diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis was capsaicin, followed by ethanol, eugenol, caffeine/theine/theobromine, and acids. The OR for age was near the null value. Neither alliin nor miscellaneous food groups showed any association. Conclusions High, frequent consumption of some plant foods and derived products increases the risk of presenting symptoms of diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis.
Penerapan Model Supervisi SUKSES-ME untuk Membangun Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah
Authors: Saparudin Yudhi
Published: March 2021

Hasil deskripsi pengembangan Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) di sekolah binaan sebelum implementasi model Supervisi Klinis-Kolaborasi, Penilaian Sendiri-Sejawat, Monitoring, dan Evaluasi (SUKSES-ME) menunjukkan bahwa, pengembangan PPK berbasis kelas pada Silabus dan RPP, PPK berbasis budaya pada kegiatan non kurikuler; membersihkan lingkungan sekolah, upacara bendera, menyanyikan lagu nasional/daerah, membaca buku bersama baru, dan bakti sosial serta pengembangan PPK pada proses pembelajaran masih belum optimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan model supervisi kreatif yaitu model SUKSES-ME untuk meningkatkan PPK di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif menggunakan uji t, untuk melihat PPK sebelum dan sesudah implementasi model SUKSES-ME di SMAS Nugraha Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model SUKSES-ME dapat meningkatkan PPK di SMAS Nugraha Bandung, baik pada struktur kurikulum (silabus dan RPP), pengembangan PPK berbasis budaya sekolah, dan pengembangan PPK pada proses pembelajaran. Peningkatan tersebut signifikan dengan nilai p < 0.05.  Kesimpulan dari penelitian, supaya penerapan model SUKSES-ME ini optimal, maka harus dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dan berkesinambungan mulai siswa masuk sampai lulus sekolah
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Deskripsi Melalui Metode Problem Based Learning di Kelas IV SDN 3 Selajambe
Authors: Nugraha Junaedi , M.S Zulela , Fuad Nurhattati
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis deskripsi melalui metode problem based learning pada siswa kelas IV SDN 3 Selajambe Kabupaten Kuningan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan  menggunakan model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu: Perencanaan,Tindakan, Observasidan Refleksi. Pengumpulan data dilakukankan menggunakan instrumen tes menulis deskripsi, lembar pemantau tindakan dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan keterampilan menulis deskripsi pada siswa kelas IV SDN 3 Selajambe Kabupaten Kuningan melalui metode problem based learning. Peningkatan ini dilihat dari nilai rata-rata produk dan ketuntasan belajar yang sebelumnya sebesar 61,4 dengan persentase ketuntasan hanya 36%. Peningkatan pada siklus I sebesar 69,6 dengan persentase ketuntasan belajar 60% meningkat 24%, dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 75,6 dengan persentase ketuntasan mencapai 88% meningkat sebesar 28%. Dengan demikian pembelajaran melalui metode problem based learning dapat meningkatkan keterempilan menulis deskripsi pada pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kelas IV SDN 3 Selajambe Kabupaten Kuningan.
Development of Children's Literature Book Based on Primary School Students’ Ecoliteration
Authors: Hartati Tatat , Andriani Eli Nurlela , Supriatna Nana , Nuriyanti Risma
Published: March 2021

Lack of student interest in literature is due to the low literacy of students. Therefore, one of the ways to improve the students’ literacy and ecological awareness is through children's literature . Hence, Ecoliteration-based children's literature books are considered to be used as learning support books, media as well as sources of learning Bahasa for elementary schools .This study aimed to determine the design of eco-literation-based children's literature models for elementary school students.. This study adopted a development research wich Educational Design Research (EDR) was applied. This study involved lecturers, practitioners/ experts, and elementary school, teachers. The developed book contained some materials namely Bahasa, Science, and Social Sciences for four grade students by proposing a theme of " Peduli Terhadap makhluk Hidup (Caring for Sentient Beings)", added with Basic Competence from 2013 curriculum of Environmental Education lesson (PLH) and eco-literation competencies (Head, Heart, Hands, and Spirit). This study has 3 major findings: (1) the researchers successfully created a eco-literation-based children’s literature model book for elementary school pupils entitled “The Mystery of the Disappearance of A Friend” and “The Mystery of the Butterfly” (2) This study found the suitable characteristics of eco-literation book for Elementary School Students, (3) There are positive response towards these kinds of literature from the experts and the teachers.
JARINGAN KERJA PADA TAHAP STRUKTUR DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP WAKTU PELAKSANAAN PROYEK.
Authors: Farida Ida , Widiasanti Irika
Published: March 2021

Perhitungan ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis jaringan kerja yang efektifyang dapat digunakan pada proyek Menara Asiatic Mega Kuningan JakartaSelatan.Metode perhitungan yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan metodesurvei. Teknik perhitungan adalah tanya jawab kepada pihak proyek denganpedoman wawancara dan mengumpulkan dokumen-dokumen proyek.Hasil perhitungan adalah adanya logika keterkaitan antar kegiatan.Lintasan kritis yang terjadi pada zone 3A. Ada kegiatan yang dapatdilakukan bersamaan dengan kegiatan yang lain.Kesimpulan adalah (1) Untuk bangunan gedung bertingkat tinggisebaiknya digunakan jaringan kerja diagram panah karena dapatmemberikan informasi yang lengkap. (2) Pada jaringan diagram panah dapatterlihat mengenai lintasan kritis.