bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Willingness to pay for a multi-level animal husbandry label: an analysis of German meat consumers
Authors: Kühl Sarah , Schütz Aurelia , Busch Gesa
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The use of multi-level labels can enhance product visibility by enabling labeling of various items. Moreover, it can better accommodate the diversity on both the producer and consumer sides. However, studies on the willingness to pay (WTP) for premium levels of those animal welfare labels are scarce.

Design/methodology/approach

We investigate consumers’ WTP for a four-level animal husbandry label introduced to the market by German retailers in 2019 by conducting an online survey with 1,223 German meat consumers using Van Westendorp’s price sensitivity meter (PSM).

Findings

There is a significant increase in WTP for level 3 of the husbandry label, but only a slight increase for level 4. One explanation is that consumers may have the mistaken belief that level 3 already includes outdoor access for animals. As a result of this expectation, consumers may not perceive much added value in level 4, which is reflected in their reluctance to pay a higher price. This is reinforced by the finding that once informed of the criteria, 18% of the participants reduced their WTP for level 3, whereas only 6% considered a discount for level 4. Furthermore, 40% were prepared to pay more for level 4 after being informed of the respective criteria than they had previously stated.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to analyze and emphasize the importance of clear label communication, particularly for multi-level animal husbandry labels.
Actioning sustainability through tourism entrepreneurship: Women entrepreneurs as change agents navigating through the field of stakeholders
Authors: Karatas-Ozkan Mine , Tunalioglu Renan , Ibrahim Shahnaz , Ozeren Emir , Grinevich Vadim , Kimaro Joseph
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Sustainability is viewed as an encompassing perspective, as endorsed by the international policy context, driven by the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aim to examine how women entrepreneurs transform capitals to pursue sustainability, and to generate policy insights for sustainability actions through tourism entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying qualitative approach, we have generated empirical evidence drawing on 37 qualitative interviews carried out in Turkey, whereby boundaries between traditional patriarchal forces and progressive movements in gender relations are blurred.

Findings

We have generated insights into how women entrepreneurs develop their sustainability practice by transforming their available economic, cultural, social and symbolic capitals in interpreting the macro-field and by developing navigation strategies to pursue sustainability. This transformative process demonstrates how gender roles were performed and negotiated in serving for sustainability pillars.

Research limitations/implications

In this paper, we demonstrate the nature and instrumentality of sustainable tourism entrepreneurship through a gender lens in addressing some of these SDG-driven challenges.

Originality/value

We advance the scholarly and policy debates by bringing gender issues to the forefront, discussing sustainable tourism initiatives from the viewpoint of entrepreneurs and various members of local community and stakeholder in a developing country context where women’s solidarity becomes crucial.
Can digital construction policy promote enterprise green innovation? A quasinatural experiment based on broadband China
Authors: Li Xing , Zhang Guiyang , Qi Yong
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore how digital construction policy (DCP) drives enterprise green innovation (EGI) from an information processing theory (IPT) perspective, including the mediating mechanisms of market information accessibility and operational risk, the moderating role of intellectual property protection (IPP) and product market competition (PMC) and the heterogeneous effects of ownership, Internet development and managerial ability.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the matched panel data of A-share listed enterprises from 2011 to 2019 and the Broadband China policy as a quasinatural experiment, this study investigates the impact of DCP on EGI by constructing a multi-time point difference-indifferences (DID) model.

Findings

Digital construction policies can significantly promote EGI. DCP works in two fundamental ways, namely by increasing market information accessibility and reducing operational risk. IPP and PMC significantly increased the contribution of digital construction policies to EGI. Heterogeneity analysis found that digital technology has a stronger promotion effect for SOEs, high-managerial-ability enterprises and enterprises in regions with low Internet development levels.

Practical implications

The study provides new insights about the antecedents of EGI from a DCP perspective. It also enlightens emerging economies to actualize green innovation under the digital wave.

Originality/value

From the perspective of IPT, this study explains the mechanism of DCP-driven EGI. It enhances understanding of the relationship between DCP and EGI.
The ability of experience design characteristics to elicit epistemic value, hedonic value, and visitor satisfaction in a wine museum
Authors: Ponsignon Frederic , Jaud David Alexandre , Durrieu François , Lunardo Renaud
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Applying the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory in a wine museum context, this paper aims to examine how and why experience design characteristics influence visitor satisfaction, particularly investigating the role of epistemic (learning) and hedonic (having fun) values as the underlying mechanisms of this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected field survey data from 652 visitors at a world-leading wine museum. The authors tested the research model on ten modules of the museum using path analysis and a bootstrap approach; the authors further conducted mediation analyses to test how the design of the museum’s modules influenced perceived value and satisfaction.

Findings

Content comprehensibility and surprise, as well as interactivity and ease of use, are core design characteristics that drive visitor satisfaction. More significantly, hedonic and epistemic values play a significant mediating role in influencing the relationship between design characteristics and visitor satisfaction.

Practical implications

The authors provide clear and actionable recommendations to help managers design museums that provide educational, entertaining and satisfying visitor experiences.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to apply the S-O-R theory in a wine museum context. The significance of this study lies in demonstrating how and why experience design characteristics support the creation of an edutainment visitor experience that drives visitor satisfaction.
An integrated approach for modeling critical success factors for supply chain finance ecosystem
Authors: Joshi Prasad Vasant , Sarkar Bishal Dey , Choubey Vardhan Mahesh
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Supply chain finance (SCF) has become a vital ingredient that fosters growth and provides flexibility to the global supply chain. Thus, it becomes essential to understand the factors that contribute to the success of the supply chain finance ecosystem (SCFE). This study aims to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) for the development of an efficient and effective SCFE. Based on their characteristics, the study intends to classify the factors into constructs and further establish a hierarchical relationship among the CSFs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on empirical data collected from 221 respondents based on administered questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is carried out on 16 selected factors (out of 21 proposed factors) based on the feedback of the experts and the factors were classified into four constructs. The total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) model was developed by identifying and finalizing CSFs of the SCFE. The model developed a hierarchical relationship between the various factors.

Findings

The study identified significant CSFs for the efficient and effective SCF ecosystem. Four constructs were developed by analyzing CSFs using the EFA. The finalized 16 CSFs modeled through the TISM and further hierarchical relationship established between the CSFs concludes that governmental policies and sectoral growth are the strongest driving forces and financial attractiveness is the weakest driving force. Based on the CSFs and the constructs identified, it was found that for the success of the SCF ecosystem, the existence of an economic ecosystem provides a facilitating framework for the overall development of the SCFE. Also, the trustworthiness among the partners fosters better relationships and results in financial feasibility and offers business opportunities for all the stakeholders.

Practical implications

This study will help the SCF partners across the globe understand the CSFs that ensure development of mutually beneficial SCF ecosystems and provide flexibility to the supply chain partners. The CSFs would provide insights to the policymakers and the financial intermediaries for providing a conducive environment for the development of a better SCF ecosystem. Also, the buyers and sellers would understand the CSFs that would develop better relationships among them and ultimately help in development of business across the globe.

Originality/value

The study identifies the CSFs for the SCF ecosystem. The study ascertains the significant factors and classifies them into clusters using EFA. Unlike the literature available, the paper develops the hierarchical relationship between the CSFs and develops a model for an efficient and effective SCF ecosystem.
Mediating effects of knowledge sharing and employee creativity on the relationship between visionary leadership and innovative work behavior
Authors: Alobeidli Shaima Yousif , Ahmad Syed Zamberi , Jabeen Fauzia
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore how visionary leadership influences innovative work behavior (IWB) with the mediating effect of knowledge sharing (KS), employee creativity and moderating role of work centrality in the relationship between employee creativity and IWB in the organization.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was administered to 304 respondents who were employees in different organizations in the United Arab Emirates. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling using SmartPLS4.

Findings

The results show that visionary leadership is significantly associated with KS and employee creativity. Moreover, employee creativity has a notable impact on IWB, and the connection between employee creativity and IWB remains unaffected by work centrality.

Originality/value

This study offers a novel perspective by investigating the interrelationship between visionary leadership, KS, employee creativity, work centrality and IWB. A distinctive feature of this study lies in its focus on the mediation and moderation effects within this framework, with emphasis on a relatively new leadership style, visionary leadership. By exploring the mediating role of KS between visionary leadership and employee creativity, as well as the mediating role of employee creativity between KS and IWB, this study offers one of the first to highlight the underlying mechanisms that drive IWB. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to introduce work centrality as a moderator in the relationship between employee creativity and IWB.
Debiasing misinformation: how do people diagnose health recommendations from AI?
Authors: Shin Donghee , Jitkajornwanich Kulsawasd , Lim Joon Soo , Spyridou Anastasia
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study examined how people assess health information from AI and improve their diagnostic ability to identify health misinformation. The proposed model was designed to test a cognitive heuristic theory in misinformation discernment.

Design/methodology/approach

We proposed the heuristic-systematic model to assess health misinformation processing in the algorithmic context. Using the Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) 26 software, we tested fairness/transparency/accountability (FAccT) as constructs that influence the heuristic evaluation and systematic discernment of misinformation by users. To test moderating and mediating effects, PROCESS Macro Model 4 was used.

Findings

The effect of AI-generated misinformation on people’s perceptions of the veracity of health information may differ according to whether they process misinformation heuristically or systematically. Heuristic processing is significantly associated with the diagnosticity of misinformation. There is a greater chance that misinformation will be correctly diagnosed and checked, if misinformation aligns with users’ heuristics or is validated by the diagnosticity they perceive.

Research limitations/implications

When exposed to misinformation through algorithmic recommendations, users’ perceived diagnosticity of misinformation can be predicted accurately from their understanding of normative values. This perceived diagnosticity would then positively influence the accuracy and credibility of the misinformation.

Practical implications

Perceived diagnosticity exerts a key role in fostering misinformation literacy, implying that improving people’s perceptions of misinformation and AI features is an efficient way to change their misinformation behavior.

Social implications

Although there is broad agreement on the need to control and combat health misinformation, the magnitude of this problem remains unknown. It is essential to understand both users’ cognitive processes when it comes to identifying health misinformation and the diffusion mechanism from which such misinformation is framed and subsequently spread.

Originality/value

The mechanisms through which users process and spread misinformation have remained open-ended questions. This study provides theoretical insights and relevant recommendations that can make users and firms/institutions alike more resilient in protecting themselves from the detrimental impact of misinformation.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-04-2023-0167
From performance to horizon: managements’ horizon and firms’ investment efficiency
Authors: Tunyi Abongeh A. , Areneke Geofry , Hussain Tanveer , Agyemang Jacob
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study proposes a novel measure for management’s horizon (short-termism or myopia vs long-termism or hyperopia) derived from easily obtainable firm-level accounting and stock market performance data. The authors use the measure to explore the impact of managements’ horizon on firms’ investment efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors rely on two commonly used but uncorrelated measures of management performance: accounting performance (return on capital employed, ROCE) and stock market performance (average abnormal return, AAR). The authors combine these measures to develop a multidimensional framework for performance, which classifies firms into four groups: efficient (high accounting and high market performance), poor (low accounting and low market performance), myopic (high accounting and low market performance) and hyperopic (low accounting and high market performance). The authors validate this framework and deploy it to explore the relationship between horizon and firms’ investment efficiency.

Findings

In validation tests, the authors show that management myopia (hyperopia) explains firms’ decision to cut (grow) research and development investments. Further, as expected, myopic (hyperopic) firms are associated with significantly more (less) accrual and real earnings management. The empirical tests on the link between horizon and investment efficiency suggest that myopic managers cut new investments while their hyperopic counterparts grow the same. Ultimately, the authors find that myopia (hyperopia) exacerbates(mitigates) the over-investment of free cash flow problem.

Originality/value

The authors introduce a framework for assessing management’s horizon using easily obtainable measures of performance. The framework explains inconsistencies in prior empirical research using different measures of performance (accounting versus market). The authors demonstrate its utility by showing that the measure explains decisions around research and development investment, earnings management and firm investments.
Dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with vitiligo
Authors: Hamada Risa , Funasaka Yoko , Saeki Hidehisa , Serizawa Naotaka , Hagino Teppei , Yano Yumiko , Mitsui Hiroshi , Kanda Naoko
Published: February 2024

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease with acquired depigmentation. Dietary habits may modulate the pathogenesis of vitiligo. We evaluated dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with nonsegmental vitiligo, and compared their results with those of age‐ and sex‐matched controls. We also examined the relationship between dietary habits and Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), or vitiligo on different anatomical sites. The intakes of energy, nutrients, and foods in the participants were analyzed using a brief‐type self‐administered diet history questionnaire. Patients with vitiligo showed higher body mass index (BMI) and lower intakes of manganese, vitamin D, pulses, and confection, compared with controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that vitiligo was associated with high BMI. VASI was higher in males than in females, and negatively correlated with age or intakes of potatoes and vegetables other than green/yellow vegetables. Linear multivariate regression analysis showed that high VASI was associated with younger age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that moderate to severe vitiligo (VASI ≥ 4.25) was associated with male sex and longer disease duration. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the following association with vitiligo on respective anatomical sites: high intake of eggs and dairy products and high VASI on the head or neck, high intake of oils and fats and high VASI on the trunk, high intake of cereals and high VASI on the upper limbs, male sex and high VASI on the lower limbs, and high BMI and high VASI on the hands or feet. In conclusion, the control of obesity might have prophylactic or therapeutic effects on vitiligo.
Hematological parameters as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with rosacea
Authors: Liang Shuang , Fang Yan , Zhao Zhixiang , Wang Ben , Huang Yingxue , Xie Hongfu , Zhang Yiya , Li Ji
Published: February 2024

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Systemic inflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Many studies have reported hematological parameters as biomarkers for diseases with inflammatory processes. However, the diagnostic value of hematological parameters in rosacea remains a puzzle. This study involved 462 patients with rosacea, including erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR, n = 179), papulopustular rosacea (PPR, n = 250), and phymatous rosacea (PhR, n = 33), and 924 healthy control subjects. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory information was collected and compared between rosacea subtypes. The hematological parameters of the patients and the healthy controls were compared retrospectively. The platelet volume (MPV) and platelet crit (PCT) were significantly upregulated, and the lower red cell distribution width (RDW) was significantly downregulated in rosacea compared to healthy controls, and they were identified as the diagnostic biomarkers for rosacea with area under the curve values of 0.828, 0.742, and 0.787, respectively. Comparing the hematological parameters among the three rosacea subtypes, we found that platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐neutrophil ratio values in the ETR group were significantly higher than those in the PPR and PhR groups. The correlation between hematological parameters and clinical scores showed that RDW was negatively correlated with the Clinician Erythema Assessment score. However, there was no significant correlation between the Investigator Global Assessment score and hematological parameters. In conclusion, PCT, MPV, and RDW have diagnostic value for rosacea, and RDW is correlated with the severity of rosacea erythema, implying the potential applications of PCT, MPV, and RDW in the diagnosis and monitoring of rosacea.
Characterization and analysis of attenuation anisotropy in viscoelastic vertical transverse isotropic media
Authors: Xi Yijun , Yin Xingyao
Published: February 2024

Due to the intrinsic attenuation of the earth, the study of wave propagation characteristics, considering seismic attenuation plays an important role in high‐precision reservoir prediction. Therefore, we investigate the propagation and reflection characteristics of seismic waves in viscoelastic vertical transverse isotropic media in the complex frequency domain. Specifically, we analyse the response characteristics of velocity, propagation vector and attenuation vector with respect to viscosity media with different attenuation intensities. Furthermore, based on the quasi‐Zoeppritz equation, the variation of reflection coefficient amplitude with offset at different attenuation angles and different attenuation intensities is studied. We also compare the trends in the amplitude variation of reflection coefficients with offset in elastic isotropic, elastic anisotropic and viscoelastic anisotropic media. Due to the complexity of the exact reflection coefficient expression, we first propose the approximate expression of the attenuation–anisotropy parameters and then derive the approximate expression of the reflection coefficient. The numerical simulation results show that the approximate expression of the reflection coefficient is still accurate, even in media with strong anisotropy. Finally, the accuracy evaluations of the reflection coefficient formulas using four typical theory models demonstrate that the approximate reflection coefficient formulas are highly accurate in both weak and strong anisotropic media.
Fish microbiota repel ovipositing mosquitoes
Authors: Shteindel Nimrod , Gerchman Yoram , Silberbush Alon
Published: February 2024

The mere presence of predators causes prey organisms to display predation‐avoidance strategies. Predator presence is often communicated through predator‐released chemical signals. Ovipositing female mosquitoes of several species are repelled by unknown signals released from larvivorous fish.

It was previously suggested that in many cases, a predator's microbiota plays an important role in the release of these signals; however, this mechanism is still poorly understood.

In this study, we looked into the effects of the microbiota originating from the larvivorous Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) on the oviposition behaviour of gravid female mosquitoes. We used fish with altered microbiota and bacterial isolates in a set of outdoor mesocosm experiments to address this aim.

We show that interference with the fish microbiota significantly reduces fish's repellent effect. We further show that the bacterium Pantoea pleuroti, isolated from the skin of the fish, repels oviposition of Culex laticinctus Edwards and Culiseta longiareolata Macquart mosquitoes similarly to the way in which live fish repel them.

Our results highlight the importance of bacteria in the interspecies interactions of their hosts. Furthermore, this finding may lead to the development of an ecologically friendly mosquito repellent, that may reduce the use of larvivorous fish for mosquito control.
Minimum labelling requirements for dermatology artificial intelligence‐based Software as Medical Device (SaMD): A consensus statement
Authors: Ingvar Åsa , Oloruntoba Ayooluwatomiwa , Sashindranath Maithili , Miller Robert , Soyer H. Peter , Guitera Pascale , Caccetta Tony , Shumack Stephen , Abbott Lisa , Arnold Chris , Lawn Craig , Button‐Sloan Alison , Janda Monika , Mar Victoria
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds remarkable potential to improve care delivery in dermatology. End users (health professionals and general public) of AI‐based Software as Medical Devices (SaMD) require relevant labelling information to ensure that these devices can be used appropriately. Currently, there are no clear minimum labelling requirements for dermatology AI‐based SaMDs.

Methods

Common labelling recommendations for AI‐based SaMD identified in a recent literature review were evaluated by an Australian expert panel in digital health and dermatology via a modified Delphi consensus process. A nine‐point Likert scale was used to indicate importance of 10 items, and voting was conducted to determine the specific characteristics to include for some items. Consensus was achieved when more than 75% of the experts agreed that inclusion of information was necessary.

Results

There was robust consensus supporting inclusion of all proposed items as minimum labelling requirements; indication for use, intended user, training and test data sets, algorithm design, image processing techniques, clinical validation, performance metrics, limitations, updates and adverse events. Nearly all suggested characteristics of the labelling items received endorsement, except for some characteristics related to performance metrics. Moreover, there was consensus that uniform labelling criteria should apply across all AI categories and risk classes set out by the Therapeutic Goods Administration.

Conclusions

This study provides critical evidence for setting labelling standards by the Therapeutic Goods Administration to safeguard patients, health professionals, consumers, industry, and regulatory bodies from AI‐based dermatology SaMDs that do not currently provide adequate information about how they were developed and tested.
Investigating causal relationships between the gut microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gu Yunfan , Zhang Weiming , Zhao Wenting , Zeng Xianyu
Published: February 2024

Background

Numerous inflammatory skin diseases are associated with the gut microbiota. Studies of the association between gut microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases have yielded conflicting results owing to confounding factors, and the causal relationship between them remains undetermined.

Methods

Two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to examine the association between gut microbiota and four common inflammatory skin diseases: acne, psoriasis, urticaria and atopic dermatitis. The summary statistics of the gut microbiota from the largest available genome‐wide association study meta‐analysis (n = 13,266) conducted by the MiBioGen consortium along with the summary statistics of the four diseases were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Causal relationships were assessed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR‐Egger and maximum likelihood methods, and several sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the accuracy of the results. Finally, reverse and multivariable MR analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the results.

Results

We found causal associations of Bacteroidaceae [odds ratio (OR), 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48–3.42; pivw = 0.0001], Allisonella (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18–1.70; pivw = 0.0002) and Bacteroides (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.48–3.42; pivw = 0.0001) with acne, the Eubacterium fissicatena group with psoriasis (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10–1.35; pivw = 0.0002) and Intestinibacter with urticaria (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13–1.45; pivw = 0.0001). These results were corrected for a false discovery rate. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the associations and reverse MR confirmed that the results were not influenced by the reverse effect.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that some gut microbiota are risk factors for inflammatory skin diseases, providing new information on potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, a possible association with the gut–skin axis was confirmed. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these relationships.
Is authority fungible? Legitimacy, domain congruence, and the limits of power in Africa
Authors: Baldwin Kate , Kao Kristen , Lust Ellen
Published: February 2024

Scholars increasingly recognize the plurality of leaders who exercise de facto authority in governing communities. But what limits different leaders’ power to organize distinct types of collective action beyond the law? We contend that leaders’ influence varies by activity, depending on the degree to which the activity matches the leaders’ geographic scope and field of expertise (“domain congruence”). Employing conjoint endorsement experiments in Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia, we test whether domain congruence predicts citizens’ willingness to comply with leader requests across different activities and examine the mechanisms that explain its importance. We find limits on leaders’ authority, that the concept of domain congruence helps predict the activities over which leaders have the greatest influence, and that leaders’ domain legitimacy may underpin the relationship between domain congruence and authority.
The impact of extreme heat on older regional and rural Australians: A systematic review
Authors: Harvey Grace , Bain‐Donohue Suzanne , Dewi Sari Puspa
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Extreme heat causes a major health burden, especially for older Australians.

Objective

To assess the impact of extreme heat on older regional and rural Australians, including clinical presentations, social implications, and health‐seeking behaviours and adaptations.

Design

A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Findings

Ten articles were included in the review with research on this topic limited. Extreme heat causes an increase in mortality and ambulance dispatches for older rural Australians. Social connectedness is negatively affected by extreme heat due to cancellation of events and individuals becoming housebound. Air conditioning is the main cooling mechanism used, although cost is a major concern. Despite this, older rural populations display a depth of knowledge regarding practical behavioural responses to adapt to extreme heat. Studies show older rural Australians do not consider extreme heat to be a threat to health.

Discussion

Further research needs to examine the role extreme heat may play in contributing to experiences of loneliness. Air conditioning cannot be the ultimate solution in responding to extreme heat due to cost and increased carbon emissions. The low‐risk perception of extreme heat for older rural people may inform effective heat health warnings and effective use of primary health care in heat‐health education. Listening to First Nations knowledge in dealing with heat may provide a powerful mechanism in which to protect health.

Conclusion

The extensive health effects of extreme heat highlights the necessity of further research and strengthening of services in preparation for an ageing rural population enduring climate change.
Association between gut microbiota development and allergy in infants born during pandemic‐related social distancing restrictions
Authors: Korpela Katri , Hurley Sadhbh , Ford Sinead Ahearn , Franklin Ruth , Byrne Susan , Lunjani Nonhlanhla , Forde Brian , Neogi Ujjwal , Venter Carina , Walter Jens , Hourihane Jonathan , O'Mahony Liam ,   CORAL Study Group
Published: February 2024

Background

Several hypotheses link reduced microbial exposure to increased prevalence of allergies. Here we capitalize on the opportunity to study a cohort of infants (CORAL), raised during COVID‐19 associated social distancing measures, to identify the environmental exposures and dietary factors that contribute to early life microbiota development and to examine their associations with allergic outcomes.

Methods

Fecal samples were sequenced from infants at 6 (n = 351) and repeated at 12 (n = 343) months, using 16S sequencing. Published 16S data from pre‐pandemic cohorts were included for microbiota comparisons. Online questionnaires collected epidemiological information on home environment, healthcare utilization, infant health, allergic diseases, and diet. Skin prick testing (SPT) was performed at 12 (n = 343) and 24 (n = 320) months of age, accompanied by atopic dermatitis and food allergy assessments.

Results

The relative abundance of bifidobacteria was higher, while environmentally transmitted bacteria such as Clostridia was lower in CORAL infants compared to previous cohorts. The abundance of multiple Clostridia taxa correlated with a microbial exposure index. Plant based foods during weaning positively impacted microbiota development. Bifidobacteria levels at 6 months of age, and relative abundance of butyrate producers at 12 months of age, were negatively associated with AD and SPT positivity. The prevalence of allergen sensitization, food allergy, and AD did not increase over pre‐pandemic levels.

Conclusions

Environmental exposures and dietary components significantly impact microbiota community assembly. Our results also suggest that vertically transmitted bacteria and appropriate dietary supports may be more important than exposure to environmental microbes alone for protection against allergic diseases in infancy.
Evaluating the impact of pre‐diagnostic use of statins and testosterone replacement therapy on mortality outcomes in older men with hormone‐related cancers: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare 2007–2015
Authors: Hussain Maryam R. , Abdelgadir Omer , Polychronopoulou Efstathia , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Alzweri Laith , Villasante‐Tezanos Alejandro , Baillargeon Jacques , Canfield Steven , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Lopez David S.
Published: February 2024

Background

The link between the pre‐diagnostic use of statins and testosterone replacement therapy and their impact on hormone‐related cancers, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and male breast cancer survival remains a topic of controversy. Further, there is a knowledge gap concerning the joint effects of statins and testosterone replacement therapy on hormone‐related cancer survival outcomes.

Objective

To examine the independent and joint effects of pre‐diagnostic use of statins and testosterone replacement therapy on the risk of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among older men diagnosed with hormone‐related cancers, including prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and male breast cancer.

Methods

In 41,707 men (≥65 years) of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare 2007–2015, we identified 31,097 prostate cancer, 10,315 colorectal cancer, and 295 male breast cancer cases. Pre‐diagnostic prescription of statins and testosterone replacement therapy was ascertained and categorized into four groups (Neither users, statins alone, testosterone replacement therapy alone, and Dual users). Multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards and competing‐risks (Fine‐Gray subdistribution hazard) models were conducted.

Results

No significant associations were found in Cox‐proportional hazard models for hormone‐related cancers. However, in the Fine‐Gray competing risk models among high‐grade hormone‐related cancers, statins alone had an 11% reduced risk of hormone‐related cancer‐specific death (hazard ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.81–0.99; p 0.0451). In the prostate cancer cohort with both statistical models, the use of testosterone replacement therapy alone had a 24% lower risk of all‐cause death (hazard ratio: 0.76; 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.97; p 0.0325) and a 57% lower risk of prostate cancer‐specific death (hazard ratio: 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.24–0.75; p 0.0029). Similar inverse associations were found among aggressive prostate cancer cases with testosterone replacement therapy alone and statins alone. No significant associations were found in the colorectal cancer and male breast cancer sub‐groups.

Conclusion

Pre‐diagnostic use of statins and testosterone replacement therapy showed a survival benefit with reduced mortality in high‐grade hormone‐related cancer patients (only statins) and aggressive prostate cancer patients in both statistical models. Findings of testosterone replacement therapy use in aggressive prostate cancer settings could facilitate clinical trials. Further studies with extended follow‐up periods are needed to substantiate these findings.
Work Overload, Work–Life Balance and Auditors' Turnover Intention: The Moderating Role of Motivation
Authors: Alves Iryna , Limão Miguel , Lourenço Sofia M.
Published: February 2024

Auditor turnover remains a persistent concern for regulatory bodies and auditing firms. Past research on auditors’ turnover intention has explored various factors influencing auditors’ turnover intention, including job satisfaction, organisational commitment, work overload and work–life balance. However, the potential role of motivation in mitigating the adverse effects of work overload and work–life imbalance has been overlooked. Our study addresses this gap in the existing literature by revealing the crucial role of motivation and identifying differences between Big4 and Non‐Big4 firms. Using questionnaire data from 301 auditors, analysed using structural equation modelling, we find that work overload is positively but indirectly related to turnover intention via work–life balance. Additionally, organisational commitment (job satisfaction) is directly (indirectly) and negatively related to turnover intention. Moreover, and considering that, due to work overload, a lack of work–life balance can be responsible for increasing auditors’ turnover intention, our study suggests that motivation can mitigate this effect. Finally, our study suggests that work–life balance can directly reduce turnover intention for Big4 firms, while for Non‐Big4 firms this reduction can only occur via organisational commitment (a channel that is weaker for Big4 firms).
The association of pain impact and sleep disruption with opioid withdrawal during opioid‐use disorder treatment
Authors: Ellis Jennifer D. , Han Daniel , Mayo Jami , Hobelmann J. Gregory , Finan Patrick H. , Huhn Andrew S.
Published: February 2024

Aims

Persons with opioid‐use disorder (OUD) often experience opioid withdrawal and opioid craving, which can drive continued opioid use and treatment discontinuation. In addition, hyperalgesia is common among persons with OUD, yet few studies have examined the role of pain impact during OUD treatment. The purpose of the present study was to test whether opioid withdrawal and craving were elevated in the context of greater pain impact (i.e. greater pain intensity and interference), and whether these associations changed throughout treatment.

Methods

Participants in residential OUD treatment (n = 24) wore wrist actigraphy to measure sleep and completed daily measures of pain impact, opioid withdrawal and opioid craving for up to 28 days. Mixed effects models were used to examine whether daily elevations in pain impact and sleep continuity were associated with withdrawal severity and opioid craving.

Results

Elevations in withdrawal, but not craving, occurred on days when individuals reported higher scores on the pain impact scale. Associations between pain impact and withdrawal were present throughout treatment, but stronger during early treatment. In contrast, both withdrawal and opioid craving were elevated following nights of greater wake after sleep onset and awakenings, but these findings were often more pronounced in early treatment.

Conclusions

Pain impact and sleep disturbance are 2 factors associated with opioid withdrawal and opioid craving. Novel pharmacotherapies and scalable adjunctive interventions targeting sleep and pain impact should be tested in future work to improve OUD treatment outcomes.
Learner engagement with instructor‐generated video
Authors: Truss Aron , McBride Karen , Porter Hannah , Anderson Valerie , Stilwell Geraldine , Philippou Christina , Taggart Andy
Published: February 2024

Effective video resources are assumed to promote learner engagement, but the extent to which this occurs is unclear. This study examines learners' engagement with instructor‐generated video. It contributes an analytical synthesis of qualitative and quantitative data that provides the basis for investigating the extent to which, and how, learners engage with video resources provided in their courses. Specifically, three dimensions of learner engagement with video are studied: behavioural, cognitive and affective. The study contributes to educational technology research by identifying distinctive patterns of learner control over the use of video which diverges from instructors' assumptions. It shows the complex and nuanced features of cognitive and affective engagement. Videos can have positive effects, but inappropriate use of technical features results in learner disengagement. This study contributes a novel use of signalling theory, suggesting the importance of instructor signals concerning relevance, focus and utility as a feature of video generation, as a prerequisite of cognitive engagement. A research and theory development agenda is developed, locating video‐based learning in student contexts as a basis for explaining both engagement and disengagement with video technology affordances.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Higher education tutors are increasingly expected to generate video content as a feature of their course delivery.

Although effective video resources are assumed to promote learner engagement, the extent to which this occurs is unclear.

Video technology affordances rarely feature in academic professional development programmes leaving tutors ill‐equipped to understand how and in what ways students engage with video resources as a part of their courses.

What this paper adds

A novel use of signalling theory to explain different patterns of learner engagement and disengagement.

Learner agency and control results in video technology affordances being fitted and ‘flexed’ around factors that instructors rarely consider in the video generation process.

A new model to describe factors that affect student engagement with instructor‐generated video.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Raise awareness for instructors about patterns of student engagement with video technology affordances that affect learning experience and outcomes.

Implement professional development programmes to equip instructors to design and generate video content that takes account of patterns of behavioural, cognitive and affective engagement and signals relevance, focus and utility.

Develop clear policies regarding technical features of video generation to avoid learner disengagement.
Healthcare and research priorities for women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the UK National Health Service: A modified Delphi method
Authors: Al Wattar Bassel H. , Teh Jhia Jiat , Clarke Sophie , Abbara Ali , Morman Rachel , Wilcox Alison , Talaulikar Vikram
Published: February 2024

Objective

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic lifelong condition affecting up to 20% of women worldwide. There is limited input from affected women to guide the provision of healthcare services and future research needs. Our objective was to scope the healthcare and research priorities of women with PCOS in the United Kingdom.

Design

A three‐staged modified Delphi method, consisting of two questionnaires and a consensus meeting involving lay representatives and healthcare professionals.

Patients and Measurements

Lay patient representatives of women with PCOS. Participants were asked to identify and rank healthcare and research priorities for their importance.

Results

Six hundred and twenty‐four lay participants took part in our Delphi method. Over 98% were diagnosed with PCOS (614/624, 98.4%). More than half experienced difficulties to receive a PCOS diagnosis (375/624, 60%), and the majority found it difficult to access specialised PCOS health services in the NHS (594/624, 95%). The top two healthcare priorities included better education for health professionals on the diagnosis and management of PCOS (238/273, 87.1%) and the need to set up specialist PCOS services (234/273, 85.7%). The top two research priorities focused on identifying better treatments for irregular periods (233/273, 85.3%) followed by better tests for early PCOS diagnosis (230/273, 84.2%).

Conclusions

We identified 13 healthcare and 14 research priorities that reflect the current health needs of women with PCOS in the United Kingdom. Adopting these priorities in future healthcare and research planning will help to optimise the health of women with PCOS and increase patient satisfaction.
Impact of keratinized mucosa on implant‐health related parameters: A 10‐year prospective re‐analysis study
Authors: Mancini Leonardo , Strauss Franz J. , Lim Hyun‐Chang , Tavelli Lorenzo , Jung Ronald E. , Naenni Nadja , Thoma Daniel S.
Published: February 2024

Aim

To investigate whether the lack of keratinized mucosa (KM) affects peri‐implant health after 10 years of loading.

Materials and Methods

Data from 74 patients with 148 implants from two randomized controlled studies comparing different implant systems were included and analyzed. Clinical parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), plaque index, marginal bone loss (MBL), and KM width (KMW) at buccal sites were collected at baseline (time of the final prosthesis insertion), 5‐year and 10 years postloading. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models by means of a generalized estimated equation (GEE) were used to evaluate the influence of buccal KM on peri‐implant clinical parameters; BOP, MBL, PD, and adjusted for implant type (one‐piece or two‐piece) and compliance.

Results

A total of 35 (24.8%) implants were healthy, 67 (47.5%) had mucositis and 39 (27.6%) were affected by peri‐implantitis. In absence of buccal KM (KM = 0 mm), 75% of the implants exhibited mucositis, while in the presence of KM (KMW >0 mm) 41.2% exhibited mucositis. Regarding peri‐implantitis, the corresponding percentages were 20% (KM = 0 mm) and 26.7% (KM >0 mm). Unadjusted logistic regression showed that the presence of buccal KM tended to reduce the odds of showing BOP at buccal sites (OR: 0.28 [95% CI, 0.07 to 1.09], p = 0.06). The adjusted logistic regression model revealed that having buccal KM (OR: 0.21 [95% CI, 0.05 to 0.85], p = 0.02) and using two‐piece implants (OR: 0.34 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.75], p = 0.008) significantly reduced the odds of showing BOP. Adjusted linear regression by means of GEE showed that KM and two‐piece implants were associated with reduced MBL and MBL changes (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The lack of buccal KM appears to be linked with peri‐implant parameters such as BOP and MBL, but the association is weak. The design of one‐piece implants may account for their increased odds of exhibiting BOP.