bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Melting Mechanism of Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Das Bratati , Bhattacharjee Ashis
Published: October 2019

Background:

Melting of a pure crystalline material is generally treated thermodynamically
which disregards the dynamic aspects of the melting process. According to
the kinetic phenomenon, any process should be characterized by activation energy and preexponential
factor where these kinetic parameters are derivable from the temperature dependence
of the process rate. Study on such dependence in case of melting of a pure crystalline
solid gives rise to a challenge as such melting occurs at a particular temperature only.
The temperature region of melting of pure crystalline solid cannot be extended beyond
this temperature making it difficult to explore the temperature dependence of the melting
rate and consequently the derivation of the related kinetic parameters.

Objective:

The present study aims to explore the mechanism of the melting process of maleic
anhydride in the framework of phase transition models. Taking this process as just another
first-order phase transition, occurring through the formation of nuclei of new phase
and their growth, particular focus is on the nucleation and growth models.

Methods:

Non-isothermal thermogravimetry, as well as differential scanning calorimetry
studies, has been performed. Using isoconversional kinetic analysis, temperature dependence
of the activation energy of melting has been obtained. Nucleation and growth models
have been utilized to obtain the theoretical temperature dependencies for the activation energy
of melting and these dependencies are then compared with the experimentally estimated
ones.

Conclusion:

The thermogravimetry study indicates that melting is followed by concomitant
evaporation, whereas the differential scanning calorimetry study shows that the two
processes appear in two different temperature regions, and these differences observed may
be due to the applied experimental conditions. From the statistical analysis, the growth
model seems more suitable than the nucleation model for the interpretation of the melting
mechanism of the maleic anhydride crystals.
Anthropogenic Releases of Radiocarbon and its Concentration Burden in Environment
Authors: Ghaffar Abdul , Hafeez Zainab , Ali Syeda Maria
Published: October 2019

:

The radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in air and vegetation samples around a nuclear
research reactor were studied.

Objective:

14C concentrations in the air and vegetation samples around the nuclear research
reactor were measured to assess its 14C burden on the environment.

Methods:

Air samples were collected by converting CO2 into Na2CO3 by using a specified
system. Leaf samples were carbonized to convert organic carbon into inorganic carbonates.
The samples were converted into carbamate through carbosorb systems with 74% efficiency.
The fractionation of 14C for each sample was corrected and normalized to a 13C composition
of -25‰ Pee Dee Belemnite.

Results:

14C concentrations in the air and vegetation samples around the nuclear research
reactor were found to range from 158 to 406 Bq/Kg and 162 to 339 Bq/kgC, respectively.
The highest concentrations of 14C were found in the samples close to the reactor and along
the prevailing wind direction. The specific activities of the samples decreased with an increase
in the distance from the reactor and in the opposite to prevailing wind direction. In
addition to the distance from the reactor and wind direction, the local Suess effect was an
additional factor affecting the 14C activities in the air and vegetation samples.

Conclusion:

One can conclude that other than the 14C emissions from the nuclear reactor,
local Suess effects and climatic factors (wind directions) dilute and disperse 14C concentrations
in the atmosphere and consequently decrease its availability for uptake and accumulation
by plants at 4-5 km aerial distance from the point of release in prevailing wind direction.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Melalui Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Bagi Siswa Kelas 2 SD Tulasan
Authors: Sartini Sartini
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan Matematika Realistik di kelas II SD Tulasan dan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar Matematika siswa kelas II SD Tulasan menggunakan pendekatan Matematika Realistik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan 2 siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari 2 pembelajaran. Tiap siklus dalam penelitian  tindakan kelas terdiri atas kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas II SD Tulasan yang berjumlah 18 siswa, terdiri dari 8 siswa laki-laki, dan 10 siswa perempuan. Teknik analisis datanya adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pendekatan matematika realstik dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas II SD Tulasan. Sebelum penelitian, persentase pencapaian KKM untuk hasil tes anak adalah 50%. Setelah penelitian siklus I menjadi 72%, sedangkan setelah siklus II mencapai 89%. Penelitian ini telah mencapai target yang diharapkan yaitu dapat mencapai KKM dengan tingkat pencapaian minimal 75%.
SIPEMJAR Museum Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sejarah Kelas 11 MIPA 5 SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta
Authors: Sri Nuryati Maria Goretti
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) meningkatkan hasil belajar sejarah  melalui reorientasi pembelajaran sejarah di museum (sipemjar museum); dan 2) mendapatkan bukti-bukti peningkatan hasil belajar sejarah setelah melaksanakan reorientasi pembelajaran sejarah di museum (sipemjar museum)Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan model spiral/siklus dari Kemmis McTaggart, yang dilakukan di SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta pada bulan April dan Mei 2019, dengan menggunakan Museum Benteng Vredeburg dan Museum Pusat TNI Ad Dharma Wiratama Yogyakata sebagai tempat pembelajaran. Penelitian ini berlangsung sebanyak dua siklus, masing-masing terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan dan observasi, serta refleksi. Peneliti bertindak sebagai pelaksana tindakan, sedangkan kolaborator, membantu dalam perencanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA 5 karena kelas ini merupakan kelas yang terendah hasil belajarnya untuk jurusan MIPA. Data yang diperoleh disajikan dalam tabel-tabel, dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif.            Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa reorientasi pembelajaran sejarah di museum (sipemjar museum) mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar sejarah siswa. Dengan reorientasi pembelajaran sejarah di museum telah terjadi: 1) peningkatkan aktivitas pembelajaran, yang meliputi: aspek sikap dan aspek ketrampilan, 2) peningkatan hasil belajar  sejarah yaitu, rerata skor post test siklus I =  72.6     dan siklus II = 84.7
Role of the Internet in Solving the Last Mile Problem in Medicine
Authors: Hesse Bradford William
Published: October 2019

Internet-augmented medicine has a strong role to play in ensuring that all populations benefit equally from discoveries in the medical sciences. Yet, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collected from 1999 to 2014 suggested that during the first phase of internet diffusion, progress against mortality has stalled, and in some cases, receded in rural areas that are traditionally underserved by medical and broadband resources. This problem of failing to extend the benefits of extant medical knowledge equitably to all populations regardless of geography can be framed as the “last mile problem in health care.” In theory, the internet should help solve the last mile problem by making the best knowledge in the world available to everyone worldwide at a low cost and no delay. In practice, the antiquated supply chains of industrial age medicine have been slow to yield to the accelerative forces of evolving internet capacity. This failure is exacerbated by the expanding digital divide, preventing residents of isolated, geographically distant communities from taking full advantage of the digital health revolution. The result, according to the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC’s) Connect2Health Task Force, is the unanticipated emergence of “double burden counties,” ie, counties for which the mortality burden is high while broadband access is low. The good news is that a convergence of trends in internet-enabled health care is putting medicine within striking distance of solving the last mile problem both in the United States and globally. Specific trends to monitor over the next 25 years include (1) using community-driven approaches to bridge the digital divide, (2) addressing structural disconnects in care through P4 Medicine, (3) meeting patients at “point-of-need,” (4) ensuring that no one is left behind through population management, and (5) self-correcting cybernetically through the learning health care system.
On the Relation between Financial Reporting Quality and Country Attributes: Research Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Isidro Helena , Nanda Dhananjay (DJ) , Wysocki Peter D.
Published: October 2019

We provide new evidence on the codependence among the many country attributes previously linked to financial reporting quality. First, we show that the synchronicity of 21 changing country attributes spikes surrounding mandatory IFRS adoption. Thus, while IFRS adoption “explains” increased reporting quality, this finding disappears after including other changing country determinants of reporting quality. Second, a single underlying factor distills the numerous reporting quality measures used in the international literature. Finally, we document that four underlying country factors largely subsume the individual explanatory power of 72 candidate country attributes in explaining reporting quality levels across countries. We conclude with implications and suggestions for future research on international reporting quality.

JEL Classifications: F30; G15; K22; M41.

Data Availability: Data used in this paper are from publicly available sources and/or are drawn directly from data tabulated in published research papers.
CEO Severance Pay and Corporate Tax Planning
Authors: Campbell John L. , Guan Jenny Xinjiao , Li Oliver Zhen , Zheng Zhen
Published: October 2019

We examine the association between CEO severance pay (i.e., payment a CEO would receive if s/he is involuntarily terminated) and corporate tax planning activities. We find that CEO severance pay is positively associated with corporate tax planning, consistent with CEO severance pay providing contractual protection against managers' career concerns and thereby inducing otherwise risk-averse managers to engage in incremental levels of tax planning. This result holds under an instrumental variable approach and propensity score matching, and survives alternative measures of CEO severance pay and corporate tax planning. Finally, we find that severance pay provides stronger tax planning incentives in situations where managers are expected to face greater career concerns—when they are less experienced, when they face stronger shareholder monitoring, and when they manage firms with higher idiosyncratic volatility. Overall, our results suggest that CEO severance pay represents a form of efficient contracting with otherwise risk-averse managers.
Corporate Tax Avoidance and Debt Costs
Authors: Shevlin Terry , Urcan Oktay , Vasvari Florin P.
Published: October 2019

We use path analysis to investigate how corporate tax avoidance is priced in bond yields and bank loan spreads. We find that approximately one half of the total effect of tax avoidance on bond yields is explained through the negative effect of tax avoidance on future pre-tax cash flow levels and volatility and, to a lesser extent, lower information quality. The effects of these mediating variables are much less pronounced for bank loan spreads. The results of additional cross-sectional analyses indicate that, relative to bond investors, banks are able to reduce information asymmetry problems more effectively, given their access to firms' private information and greater ability to monitor borrowers.

JEL Classifications: G31; G32; M10; O16.
ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF HUBUNGAN SIDIK JARI DENGAN TES POTENSI AKADEMIK (TPA) DARI KELAS X SMAN 3 DENPASAR
Authors: Sukariawan I Made Adi
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini didasari oleh pengembangan KTSP yang dikenal dengan Kurikulum 2013. Landasan filosofis dari pengembangan ini adalah pengembangan seluruh potensi yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik, yang dituangkan dalam struktur kurikulum dalam bentuk peminatan. Salah satu dasar untuk memilih peminatan adalah mengetahui potensi peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan adalah TPA dan sidik jari, namun belum diketahui bagaimana hubungan antara kedua metode tersebut. Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui hubungan antara sidik jari dengan tes potensi akademik (TPA) dari kelas X SMAN 3 Denpasar.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dasar induktif yang mengembangkan teori yang sudah ada berdasarkan fakta-fakta. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMAN 3 Denpasar dengan sampling sebanyak 53 siswa berdasarkan data nilai ujian nasional sewaktu SMP dari yang tertinggi untuk meningkatkan keseragaman. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa sidik jari yang paling banyak muncul pada ibu jari, telunjuk, jari tengah dan kelingking adalah loop, kemudian whorl dan terendah adalah arch. Sedangkan pada jari manis jenis sidik jari yang sering muncul adalah whorl kemudian loop. Dari hasil TPA di dapat bahwa potensi siswa yang paling banyak adalah potensi numerikal-logikal dan numerikal-verbal. Hubungan antara sidik jari dengan TPA terlihat dari jenis sidik jari loop yang banyak muncul pada ibu jari, telunjuk, jari tengah dan kelingking menunjukkan potensi di bidang sosial, kemandirian, kreativitas dan spiritual erat kaitannya dengan potensi numerikal-logikal yang ditunjukkan berdasarkan hasil TPA, karena kemampuan bersosialisasi, mandiri, berkreasi memerlukan kemampuan numerikal-logikal serta numerikal-verbal.Kemunculan jenis sidik jari whorl pada jari manis yang mengindikasikan pencarian hal yang sempurna juga berhubungan dengan potensi numerikal-logikal terutama dalam hal pengerjaan sesuatu yang menuntut langkah yang teratur dan sistematis.
La formación de docentes normalistas: De la tradición pedagógica a los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: Sánchez Miranda Juan José , González Polo Arturo , Monroy Rodríguez Adriana
Published: October 2019

Los cambios son inevitables, sobre todo en un escenario tan complejo y dinámico como en el que se vive actualmente. Ocurren en diferentes momentos y circunstancias históricas. En el ámbito educativo, el auge de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje ha traído consigo varias repercusiones. Entre ellas ha alterado el modelo formativo de los futuros docentes. ¿O acaso es factible transformar la práctica educativa o mantener la tradición pedagógica a pesar de las demandas educativas del presente siglo?

En este estudio se planteó como objetivo analizar cómo se está dando la transición del modelo tradicional de formación docente a un nuevo modelo que responda a las necesidades educativas del siglo XXI: si se mantiene en un marco de resistencia por abandonar añejos esquemas de práctica docente o se transforma a partir de las circunstancias en que este modelo se integra a entornos virtuales de aprendizaje (EVA). También documenta y analiza diferentes perspectivas de docentes normalistas sobre la práctica docente basada en el uso de las TIC a partir de su propia formación profesional, intereses personales o paradigmas.

Para cumplir con ello se tomó una muestra de 60 estudiantes de primer grado de la Licenciatura en Educación Secundaria de la Escuela Normal de Atlacomulco. Los participantes contestaron una encuesta en línea centrada en el uso de las TIC, así como en el análisis de planes de clase y observaciones de las prácticas pedagógicas. Como parte de los resultados se encontró que, a pesar de que los estudiantes tienen acceso a diferentes dispositivos electrónicos, no todos los maestros tienen la disposición y capacidad para integrarlos a su práctica docente como herramientas para favorecer el aprendizaje, especialmente aquellos que son de avanzada edad. Esto refuerza la hipótesis de que a mayor edad del profesorado, menor el interés por utilizar los EVA que ofrecen la TIC.
Nivel educativo y ocupación de los padres: Su influencia en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Espejel García María Vianey , Jiménez García Martha
Published: October 2019

El rendimiento académico de estudiantes de diferentes niveles educativos ha sido ampliamente analizado considerando factores económicos, sociales o psicológicos. Desde el punto de vista económico, la ocupación de los padres, así como su nivel educativo, muestra una relación positiva con el rendimiento académico de los hijos en diferentes niveles educativos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la influencia del nivel educativo y la ocupación de los padres en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios y así proponer estrategias que permitan elevar el logro académico. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado y analizados con el algoritmo chi-squared automatic interaction detection (Chaid), tablas de contingencia y una regresión ordinal. Los resultados muestran que el nivel educativo de la madre, cuando es superior a licenciatura, influye positivamente en el rendimiento académico de los hijos; en cambio el nivel educativo del padre no resultó significativo estadísticamente. Se observó también que estudiantes cuyos padres se desempeñan como profesionistas, comerciantes, directivos, jefes de departamento y trabajadores de la educación son aquellos que obtienen un mejor rendimiento académico; la ocupación de la madre no resultó estadísticamente significativa.
Exámenes de Certificación a gran escala, Renovación de la Certificación profesional para el Médico General y el impacto en la política de Salud Pública
Authors: Cervantes-Carreño Martha Delfina , Bonilla-Marín Federico , Hinojos-Ramírez Roberto , Ramírez-Martínez Alejandro
Published: October 2019

Los Médicos Generales atienden la gran mayoría de los problemas de salud que afectan a los mexicanos. Por ello, es preciso ofrecer a la sociedad la garantía de que quienes ofrecen esta atención tienen la calidad técnica y ética que merecen. La Certificación es el mecanismo para asegurar estos estándares, de tal manera que las personas pueden tener confianza en los Médicos Certificados por los Consejos correspondientes. Las Academias, Nacional de Medicina y Mexicana de Cirugía, así corno la Asociación Nacional de Facultades y Escuelas de Medicina, han apoyado a los Médicos Generales para que Certifiquen a sus pares, constituyéndose en un organismo denominado Comité Normativo Nacional de Medicina General (CONAMEGE). La Certificación periódica de los Médicos Generales se hace por examen que hoy en día es elaborado por profesionales de la salud con la asesoría de expertos en evaluación (Instituto de Evaluación e Ingeniería Avanzada S.C.), de modo que este instrumento ha podido superar las exigencias que un comité de especialistas ha señalado.
A comparative study between NSMC and NSOSMC strategy for a DFIG integrated into wind energy system
Authors: Benbouhenni Habib
Published: October 2019

This article presents a modelling and sliding mode control (SMC) of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) integrated into wind energy system for independent control of stator reactive and stator active powers. For a comparative study, the independent control of reactive and active powers is ensured in the first step by neuro-sliding mode controllers (NSMC) and the second step by neuro-second order sliding mode controllers (NSOSMC). Finally, the performance of the system is tested and compared by simulation in terms of robustness tests, and reference tracking tests based on Matlab/Simulink software.
Determinants of Export Oriented Entrepreneurs from Southeast Europe Region
Authors: Leković Bojan , Petrović Miodrag , Berber Nemanja
Published: October 2019

The subject of this research represents analysis of internationalisation activity of early-stage entrepreneurs in South East Europe region (SEE). The goal of this study is to determine characteristics of export oriented entrepreneurs from SEE region through the study of factors influencing international orientation. Geographical area of this research consists of countries from the South East Europe region. The research sample was formed on the basis of GEM - Global Individual Level Data, covering six countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and FYR of Macedonia), 12027 respondents of which 645 export-oriented entrepreneurs were identified. Collected data are processed using the software package for statistical analysis. With the help of Ordinal Logistic regression, significant influence of individual factors on the international orientation of entrepreneurs was identified. Research results showed that entrepreneurial motives, entrepreneurial KSA’s, innovation and new technology have a positive relationship with internationalization activity. One of the significant limitations of this paper is the lower Nagelkerk coefficient, which is characteristic for social phenomena. Bearing in mind the fact that this research trying to explain entrepreneurial behaviour, lower coefficients can be very meaningfull.
Association of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome with Bacteremia in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Grozdanovski Krsto , Milenkovikj Zvonko , Demiri Ilir , Spasovska Katerina , Cvetanovska Marija , Rangelov Goran , Saveski Velimir , Grozdanovska Biljana
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usability of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and commonly used biochemical parameters as predictors for positive blood culture in patients with sepsis. The study included 313 patients aged ≥18 years with severe sepsis and septic shock consecutively admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the University Clinic for Infectious Diseases in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. The study took place from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2017. We recorded demographic variables, common laboratory tests, SIRS parameters, site of infection, comorbidities and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Blood cultures were positive in 65 (20.8%) patients with sepsis. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 35 (53.8%) patients. From the evaluated variables in this study, only the presence of four SIRS parameters was associated with bacteremia, finding that will help to predict bacteremia and initiate early appropriate therapy in septic patients.
An Interaction of Architectural Design and Perceived Value toward Revisit intention in Artificially Built Attractions
Authors: Rattanaprichavej Niti
Published: October 2019

Considering the significant growth of artificially built attractions in Thailand, the objective of this research is to study architectural design and perceived value toward revisit intention in artificially built attractions. The designs of these attractions are derived from foreign countries that would not be suitable for the Thai environment. Nevertheless, this could be considered through the perspective of marketing growth, which depicts artificially built attractions receiving good response from visitors. Therefore, it was essential to analyze customers’ attitude toward their travel and revisit intention to artificially built attractions. The research uses the quantitative method with 342 participants who visited the artificially built attractions. The result indicates that emotional, functional, and social values influence the revisit intention. Furthermore, the architectural design had a positive influence on emotional and social values. Though architectural design had no direct influence on revisit intention, it had indirect influence via emotional and social values. By analyzing the independent and dependent variables, it was indicated that, although all independent variables affect dependent variables, the scores of each of these factors were not high. Therefore, it can be concluded that artificially built attractions still have space for improvement in terms of perceived value in order to foster revisit intention.
The Incidence of Adolescent Pregnancy at Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Clinical Center Kragujevac
Authors: Ilic Marija Bicanin , Dimitrijevic Aleksandra
Published: October 2019

Adolescent pregnancy belongs to a group of high-risk pregnancies with high maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity rate with high prevalence globally (11%). The aim of this observational study is to show the incidence of adolescent deliveries in relation to the total number of births in the twelve-year period from 2007 to 2019 at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Clinical Center in Kragujevac from medical protocols and patients’ medical records. By evaluating the data of our research, we noticed a continuing decrease in the percentage of adolescents that give births each year. The total number of births in our clinic in this twelve-year period was 26544, and the number of teenage deliveries was 390 (1.74%), which is in accordance with the results of a similar research which was conducted in our clinic in the period from 2002 to 2007 (16.1%). However, despite the increase in the number of caesarean sections, Apgar score of newborn babies was similar to the results of previous tests - 8.31 which proves that the increase in caesarean sections is not correlated with growth of Apgar score. The average pregnancy duration of adolescents is similar as in the previous five-year period (37.5 w.g.), while in the general population of pregnant women it is 39.2 w.g which represents a statistically significant difference. The main causes of poor outcomes of adolescent pregnancies are biological immaturity of mothers, poor health care, that comes from poor socio-demographic conditions, as well as emotional stress. It is necessary to change the attitude of society towards these young people, give them support in the environment they live and provide them with better health care and social treatment.
Penggunaan Media Gambar dalam Menanamkan Nilai-nilai Pancasila pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Angraini Rita , Tiara Monica , Waldi Atri , N Nurhayati
Published: October 2019

Tulisan ini membahas tentang penggunaan media gambar dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai Pancasila pada anak usia dini. Berdasarkan telaah pustaka dan analisis penulis menemukan bahwa penggunaan media gambar dalam penanaman nilai-nilai Pancasila yakni nilai Ketuhanan, Kemanusiaan, Persatuan, Kerakyatan dan Keadilan pada anak usia dini cukup efektif. Media gambar yang dibuat hendaklah memperhatikan hal- hal berikut, Pertama, gambar yang dibuat tidak hanya memperbanyak unsur seninya saja tetapi yang lebih penting adalah kesesuaian dengan tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Kedua, gambar yang dibuat juga mampu menunjukkan bagian-bagian yang penting sehingga tidak terjadi penafsiran yang berbeda dari anak didik. Ketiga, gambar yang dibuat menujukkan aktifitas yang bertujuan mengembangkan imajinasi anak, dan yang Keempat, gambar dibuat secara sederhana tidak kompleks sehingga tidak membingungkan. Di samping itu media gambar dapat dirancang dan gunakan oleh setiap guru karena tidak membutuhkan keahlian khusus.Kata kunci:  Media Gambar, Nilai-nilai Pancasila, Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD)
Islamic-Based Physics Learning Model in the Subject of Solar System and Life on Earth
Authors: Mujizatullah Mujizatullah
Published: October 2019

The research aimed to describe the Islamic based physics science learning model in the subject of measurement at Uminda Islamic School in Gowa by using a qualitative approach the result of research can be seen in implementation learning activities: Praying, read Al-quran and learning process. The students inspired the teaching of islam by instilling religions valves including knowing, understanding the living  Gods creating with the Universe of the solar system, life on earth and also the implementation of religions extracurricular activities. The closing learning process, the teacher and the students made conclusion together Islamic based science learning model in physics lesson on the solar system and life on earth at Uminda Islamic School in Gowa with using with implementatively formulated model namely “Dialogical Diodik” with accordance with the study of Islamic based science physics learning model from the aspect of the of the interdisciplinary approach because it only involved two science and religions extracurricular activities through faith and piety learning. The students were given lesson to observe the universe event and mental spiritual formation which was integrated with the planting of religions valves, but there were still limited teacher resources to do it.Keywords: Model, Pembelajaran IPA, Fisika, berbasis, Islam.Penelitian bertujuan untuk menggambarkan Model pembelajaran IPA Fisika berbasis Islam pada Pokok Bahasan Pengukuran di MTS Uminda Kabupaten Gowa . dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian  dapat terlihat pada implementasi langkah –langkah pembelajaran,mulai dari kegiatan pembelajaran pendahuluan :Membaca doa, membaca ayat suci Al Quran surat-surat pendek,kegiatan pembelajaran Inti :Menghayati ajaran agama Islam dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai agama diantaranya mengetahui, memahami dan menghayati ciptaan Tuhan dengan adanya alam semesta sistem tata surya dan kehidupan di bumi dan implementasi ektrakurikuler keagamaan.kegiatan pembelajaran Penutup .Guru dan peserta didik bersama-sama menyimpulkan Model pembelajaran  IPA berbasis Islam pada pelajaran fisika pokok bahasan sistem tata surya dan kehidupan di bumi pada Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Uminda Kabupaten Gowa menggunakan model yang dirumuskan secara implementatif yaitu model Diadik Dialogis yang sesuai dengan kajian model pembelajaran IPA-Fisika berbasis Islam dari aspek pendekatan interdisipliner karena hanya melibatkan dua disiplin ilmu IPA dan agama. Selanjutnya di integrasikan pada kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Keagamaan melalui pembelajaran iman dan taqwa peserta didik di berikan pembelajaran mengamati kejadian alam semesta dan pembinaan mental spiritual yang di integrasikan dengan penanaman nilai-nilai Agama. Namun masih terbatas sumber daya Guru untuk melaksnakan hal tersebut.Kata kunci: Pembelajaran IPA, Fisika, berbasis Islam.
Developing Simple Teaching Aids On Static Fluid Material As A Learning Media For Physics
Authors: Alatas Fathiah
Published: October 2019

The development of simple teaching aids in static fluid material is needed so that students better understand the concepts in the material. The concept that was initially considered abstract by students would be more concrete with the presence of teaching aids in the material, and the appropriate worksheets needed to be used as practical instructions. This study aims to determine: (1) the validity of the props developed; (2) practicality of props; (3) the effectiveness of teaching aids developed on student learning outcomes. The method used is the Research and Development (R D) method using the ADDIE model design. The trial subjects used 30 students of class XI MIA 1 MAN 3 Bogor. The results of the study show: (1) the validity of props is included in the valid category; (2) the practicality of props in terms of student responses shows very practical categories; (3) the effectiveness of teaching aids from student learning outcomes shows very effective categories with N-Gain values in the high category. These results indicate that the props developed have been used properly in the learning process.Keywords: teaching aids, learning media, static fluid.Pengembangan alat peraga sederhana pada materi fluida statis diperlukan agar siswa lebih memahami konsep pada materi tersebut. Konsep yang awalnya dianggap abstrak oleh siswa akan menjadi lebih kongkret dengan adanya alat peraga pada materi tersebut, serta LKPD yang tepat dibutuhkan untuk dijadikan sebagai petunjuk praktikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) validitas alat peraga yang dikembangkan; (2) kepraktisan alat peraga; (3) keefektifan alat peraga yang dikembangkan terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Research and Development (RD) dengan menggunakan desain model ADDIE. Sampel uji coba menggunakan 30 siswa kelas XI MIA 1 MAN 3 Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) validitas alat peraga termasuk dalam kategori valid; (2) kepraktisan alat peraga ditinjau dari respon siswa menunjukkan kategori sangat praktis; (3) efektivitas alat peraga dari hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan kategori sangat efektif dengan nilai N-Gain berada pada kategori tinggi. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa alat peraga yang dikembangkan telah layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.Kata kunci: alat peraga, media pembelajaran, fluida statis.
ANALISIS PROBLEMATIKA ANAK USIA 3-5 TAHUN BELUM MENDAPATKAN PENDIDIKAN DI PAUD
Authors: Nengsi Ayu Wirda
Published: October 2019

Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) ini memberikan pondasi yang kuat bagi anak agar di kemudian hari anak bisa menjadi sosok manusia berkualitas yang nantinya tampil sebagai generasi penerus bangsa yang siap berkompetisi di era globalisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini, karena mengingat pentingnya Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) dalam meningkatkan perkembangan aspek-aspek yang dimilki oleh anak, maka hendaknya anak-anak dapat memperoleh pendidikan sejak dini paling tidak dalam rentang usia 3-5 Tahun yang mempersiapkan anak untuk menghadapi pendidikan dijenjang selanjutnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Tetapi berdasarkan survey yang telah dilakukan bahwa hal tersebut masih kurang menjadi perhatian, anak usia 3-5 Tahun masih 34% belum mendapatkan/melaksanakan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Berdasarkan hasil survey tersebut yang membuktikan bahwa APK anak usia dini yang terdaftar sebagai siswa PAUD di Indonesia masih sangat minim, kesadaran akan pentingnya PAUD terhadap perkembangan anak usia dini belum sepenuhnya tumbuh, penyelenggaran program PAUD belum terrealisasikan secara sepenuhnya.Kata kunci: Anak Usia Dini, Problematika PAUD
The Use of Debate Method to Improve Students’ Speaking Skill
Authors: Werdiningsih Indah
Published: October 2019

Speaking is a crucial part of the language learning process. However, many students find speaking as one of the most difficult skills in English. Therefore, the researcher wants to improve the students’ speaking ability through the suitable teaching method, in this case the debate. The objective of this research referring to the research problem is to find out how the debate method can improve speaking ability. Based on the research problem and the relevant theory, the hypothesis of this research is described as follows: Debate method improves the speaking ability of the fifth semester students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember in the 2017 / 2018 academic year by developing their activeness in expressing oral argument logically in a systematic way. The design of this research is classroom action research. The research subject is the fifth semester class consisting of 34 students. Test and observation are used to obtain the data. The data collection involved a number of instruments namely Test of Speaking English and Speaking Rubric. It was then evaluated by using speaking rubric covering fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. Debate method improves the students’ speaking ability in two cycles from M = 61.84 in Cycle 1 to M = 70.34 in Cycle 2 and the percentage of students scored  (E = 66.67%) in Cycle 1 to (E = 83.34%) in Cycle 2. The observation result from 56.15% students’ activeness in Cycle 1 to 85.29% students’ activeness in Cycle 2. Based on the data above, there was significant impact of Cycle 2 implementation on the students’ speaking ability. It can be concluded that debate method is able to improve the students’ speaking ability.
Analisis Potensi dan Strategi Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Sangkar Burung di Kelurahan Sidiangkat Kabupaten Dairi
Authors: Sinambela Yusnia
Published: October 2019

Objek Wisata Sangkar Burung terletak di Kabupaten Dairi,Sumatera Utara. Kawasan Wisata ini memiliki panorama dan pemandangan yang menarik dan asri. Kawasan Wisata ini memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui potensi kawasan wisata sangkar burung dan untuk menganalisis strategi pengembangan. Objek dan daya tarik yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis sesuai dengan kriteria penskoringan pada Pedoman Analisis Daerah Operasi Objek dan Daya Tarik Wisata Alam Dirjen PHKA tahun 2003 sesuai dengan nilai yang telah ditentukan untuk masing-masing kriteria. Potensi yang ditawarkan oleh obyek wisata Sangkar Burung  adalah adanya flora dan fauna, panorama alam yang indah. Kawasan Wisata Sangkar Burung memiliki potensi wisata alam yang layak dikembangkan dengan persentasi kelayakan 61,75%. Selanjutnya data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis SWOT serta matrik internal dan eksternal (IE). Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data diperoleh menunjukkan objek wisata ini berada pada Kuadran I yaitu mendukung strategi pertumbuhan agresif yang menunjukkan Objek Wisata ini memiliki kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang yang ada.
Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infection
Authors: Kananizadeh Pegah , Ohadian Moghadam Solmaz , Sadeghi Yasaman , Rahimi Foroushani Abbas , Adibi Hossein , Pourmand Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2019

Background & Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), is one of the most frequent causes for hospitalizations in patients with diabetes. A major problem in the treatment of DFU is the increased-incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The aim of this study was to determine the SCCmec types of MRSA isolates and their epidemiology among patients with diabetes.
Methods: This study was carried out on 145 diabetic patients with DFUs. The antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs) were performed using the disk diffusion method and E-test technique. SCCmec typing was done by multiplex PCR. Moreover, the presence of virulence toxin genes, including pvl and lukED was detected by PCR assay.
Results: In 145 samples from which S. aureus was predominantly isolated, 19.48% were MRSA. Analysis of MRSA isolates revealed that the most prevalent SCCmec type was type IV (46.7%) followed by type III (30.0%) and type V (20.0%). One strain (3.3%) was untypeable. The prevalence of pvl and lukED was 56.7% and 100%, respectively.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of MRSA in DFUs represents the high levels of antibiotic usage among patients with diabetes. In this study, resistance to other important clinical antibiotics was detected among MRSA isolates. The high proportion of SCCmec type IV and V strains, even in former hospitalized patients, indicates the entrance of these clones to the clinical setting.
Designing and Analyzing the Structure of DT-STXB Fusion Protein as an Anti-tumor Agent: An in Silico Approach
Authors: Mohseni Moghadam Zeynab , Halabian Raheleh , Sedighian Hamid , Behzadi Elham , Amani Jafar , Imani fooladi Abbas ali
Published: October 2019

Background & Objective: A main contest in chemotherapy is to obtain regulator above the biodistribution of cytotoxic drugs. The utmost promising strategy comprises of drugs coupled with a tumor-targeting bearer that results in wide cytotoxic activity and particular delivery. The B-subunit of Shiga toxin (STxB) is nontoxic and possesses low immunogenicity that exactly binds to the globotriaosylceramide (Gb3/CD77). Gb3/CD77 extremely expresses on a number of human tumors such as pancreatic, colon, and breast cancer and acts as a functional receptor for Shiga toxin (STx). Then, this toxin can be applied to target Gb3-positive human tumors. In this study, we evaluated DT390-STXB chimeric protein as a new anti-tumor candidate via genetically fusing the DT390 fragment of DT538 (Native diphtheria toxin) to STxB.
Methods: This study intended to investigate the DT390- STxB fusion protein structure in silico. Considering the Escherichia coli codon usage, the genomic construct was designed. The properties and the structure of the protein were determined by an in silico technique. The mRNA structure and the physicochemical characteristics, construction, and the stability of the designed chimeric protein were analyzed using computational and bioinformatics tools and servers. Hence, the GOR4 and I-TASSER online web servers were used to predict the secondary and tertiary structures of the designed protein.
Results: The results demonstrated that codon adaptation index (CAI) of dt390-stxB chimeric gene raised from 0.6 in the wild type to 0.9 in the chimeric optimized gene. The mfold data revealed that the dt390-stxB mRNA was completely stable to be translated effectively in the novel host. The normal activity of the fusion protein determined by considering the secondary and tertiary structure of each construct. Energy calculation data indicated that the thermodynamic ensemble for mRNA structure was -427.40 kJ/mol. The stability index (SI) of DT390-STxB was 36.95, which is quite appropriate to preserve the stability of the construct. Ultimately, the DT390-STxB was classified as a steady fusion protein according to the Ramachandran plot.
Conclusion: Our results showed that DT390-STXB was a stable chimeric protein and it can be recruited as a candidate of novel anti-tumor agents for the development of breast cancer treatment.
Absence of Human Papillomavirus in Benign and Malignant Breast Tissue
Authors: Kazemi Aghdam Maryam , Alireza Nadji Seyed , Alvandimanesh Azadeh , Khoddami Maliheh , Khademi Yassaman
Published: October 2019

Background & Objective: Malignant breast tumors, which are one of the most important deadly cancers in women, like many other cancers, are proposed to be related to viruses etiologically. Proper management of breast carcinoma necessitates an identification of the etiological factors. Human Papillomavirus is considered to have an etiological role in breast carcinoma. We carried out this study to find out if Human Papillomavirus-DNA is present in the malignant and benign breast tissue in our patients.
Methods: Seventy five paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues and 75 normal breast tissues and benign breast lesions were examined in this study (case-control) to look for Human Papillomavirus-DNA employing Nested Polymerase Chain reaction. The tissues were examined over a period of ten years in the pathology department of the Pathobiology Laboratory Center of Tehran.
Results: No Human Papillomavirus-DNA was found in any of the malignant or control group specimens.
Conclusion: Our results showed no evidence of Human Papillomavirus in cancerous and benign tissues, which is consistent with some other studies in English medical literature. More investigations using more specimens from different parts of the country are required to confirm the presence or absence of any connection between Human Papillomavirus and development of breast carcinoma in Iran.
Molecular Characterization of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Iranian Burn Patients
Authors: Tajik Samira , Najar Peerayeh Shahin , Bakhshi Bita , Golmohammadi Reza
Published: October 2019

Background & Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is reported as one of the important bacterial causes of burn wound infections. This study was carried out to investigate molecular characterization of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolated from Iranian burn patients.
Methods: A total of 31 isolates of S. aureus were collected fromthe Motahari Burns Hospital (Tehran, Iran) in 2016. All isolates were collected from outpatients and inpatients within 48 hours of admission. The mecA, pvl, tsst-1, hla-α, and psmα genes detecting, SCCmec, agr and PFGE typing were done.
Results: A total of 13 (41.9%) isolates were cefoxitin-resistant and mecA-positive, which were considered as MRSA. The SCCmec typing MRSA strains revealed type II in 1 (7.7%), type III in 9 (69.2%), and other types in 3 isolates (23.7%) cases. The agrtyping of all 31 isolates showed that 14 (45.2%), 1 (3.2%), 6 (19.4%), and 10 (32.3%) strains belonged to agr groups 1, 3, 4, and unknown type, respectively. The pvl, tsst-1, hla-α, and psmα genes were positive in 3 (9.7%), 4 (12.9%), 21 (67.7%), and 31 (100%) isolates, respectively. Considering the cut-off values of ≥50%, 3 groups of related isolates (cluster A1, B1, and C1) in PFGE study were observed.
Conclusion: The MRSA strains of this study were initially isolated as Community-associated S. aureus (CA-MRSA); however molecular characterization showed that a significant proportion of them had hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) features. Therefore, it is likely that the HA-MRSA strains are spread among the community.
Синдром некомпактного міокарда лівого шлуночка: огляд літератури та власна практика візуалізації
Authors: Oryshchyn N. , Ivaniv Y. , Palamarchuk Yu.
Published: October 2019

Синдром некомпактного міокарда лівого шлуночка (СНКМ ЛШ) – вроджена патологія міокарда внаслідок порушень ембріогенезу. Характерна ознака СНКМ – наяв-ність двошарової будови міокарда лівого шлуночка із компактним зовнішнім шаром і не-компактним внутрішнім шаром, представленим численними трабекулами із глибокими синусами між ними, які сполучаються із порожниною ЛШ. Патологія структури міокарда ЛШ призводить до дилятації камер серця, розвитку серцевої недостатності та аритмій, між-трабекулярні синуси можуть бути джерелом формування тромбів і причиною системних тромбоемболій. До методів діагностики СНКМ ЛШ належать методи візуалізації серця: ехо-кардіографія, магнітно-резонансна томографія серця, мультидетекторна комп’ютерна то-мографія, вентрикулографія. Діагностичним критерієм СНКМ ЛШ є співвідношення неком-пактного і компактного шарів міокарда. Серйозний прогноз у значного відсотка пацієнтів і можливість ефективного лікування є підставою для поширення наукової інформації про ді-агностику цієї патології серед кардіологічної спільноти. Наведені приклади спектра клініч-них та ехокардіографічних проявів СНКМ ЛШ у пацієнтів.
Досвід використання сучасних методів візуалізації у верифікації діагнозу у пацієнтів з кардіологічною патологією на тлі бронхообструктивних захворювань
Authors: Ilashchuk T. O. , Okipniak І. V. , Malkovych N. М. , Bobkovych K. O. , Mykytyuk O. P.
Published: October 2019

У статті розглянуто основні труднощі диференціальної діагностики серцево-су-динних і респіраторних захворювань. Особливо складно оцінити переважання ураження зазначених систем у пацієнтів з поєднанням ішемічної хвороби серця та бронхообструк-тивних захворювань. У діагностичний алгоритм щодо цієї категорії хворих обов’язково ма-ють бути включені сучасні інвазивні та неінвазивні методи візуалізації. Авторами проведе-ний глибокий аналіз літературних джерел щодо їх використання у пацієнтів з поєднанням ішемічної хвороби серця та бронхообструктивного захворювання (хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень і бронхіальна астма). Наведені два клінічні випадки, що доводять необхідність застосування не тільки рутинних (електрокардіографія, спірографія, кардіосо-нографія), а й високотехнологічних інвазивних методик (коронаровентрикулографія, че-резстравохідна кардіосонографія) для призначення ефективних методів лікування хворих з поєднаною кардіореспіраторною патологією.