bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tendon and ligament regeneration and repair: Clinical relevance and developmental paradigm
Authors: Yang Guang , Rothrauff Benjamin B. , Tuan Rocky S.
Published: October 2015

As dense connective tissues connecting bone to muscle and bone to bone, respectively, tendon and ligament (T/L) arise from the somitic mesoderm, originating in a recently discovered somitic compartment, the syndetome. Inductive signals from the adjacent sclerotome and myotome upregulate expression of Scleraxis, a key transcription factor for tenogenic and ligamentogenic differentiation. Understanding T/L development is critical to establishing a knowledge base for improving the healing and repair of T/L injuries, a high‐burden disease due to the intrinsically poor natural healing response. Current treatment of the three most common tendon injuries—tearing of the rotator cuff of the shoulder, flexor tendon of the hand, and Achilles tendon—include mostly surgical repair and/or conservative approaches, including biophysical modalities such as rehabilitation and cryotherapy. Unfortunately, the fibrovascular scar formed during healing possesses inferior mechanical and biochemical properties, resulting in compromised tissue functionality. Regenerative approaches have sought to augment the injured tissue with cells, scaffolds, bioactive agents, and mechanical stimulation to improve the natural healing response. The key challenges in restoring full T/L function following injury include optimal combination of these biological agents as well as their delivery to the injury site. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in T/L development and natural healing, coupled with the capability of producing complex biomaterials to deliver multiple biofactors with high spatiotemporal resolution and specificity, should lead to regenerative procedures that more closely recapitulate T/L morphogenesis, thereby offering future patients the prospect of T/L regeneration, as opposed to simple tissue repair. Text. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 99:203–222, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonparametric estimation of the survival function for ordered multivariate failure time data: A comparative study
Authors: Meira‐Machado Luís , Sestelo Marta , Gonçalves Andreia
Published: October 2015

In longitudinal studies of disease, patients may experience several events through a follow‐up period. In these studies, the sequentially ordered events are often of interest and lead to problems that have received much attention recently. Issues of interest include the estimation of bivariate survival, marginal distributions, and the conditional distribution of gap times. In this work, we consider the estimation of the survival function conditional to a previous event. Different nonparametric approaches will be considered for estimating these quantities, all based on the Kaplan–Meier estimator of the survival function. We explore the finite sample behavior of the estimators through simulations. The different methods proposed in this article are applied to a dataset from a German Breast Cancer Study. The methods are used to obtain predictors for the conditional survival probabilities as well as to study the influence of recurrence in overall survival.
Current and future prospects for CRISPR‐based tools in bacteria
Authors: Luo Michelle L. , Leenay Ryan T. , Beisel Chase L.
Published: October 2015

CRISPR‐Cas systems have rapidly transitioned from intriguing prokaryotic defense systems to powerful and versatile biomolecular tools. This article reviews how these systems have been translated into technologies to manipulate bacterial genetics, physiology, and communities. Recent applications in bacteria have centered on multiplexed genome editing, programmable gene regulation, and sequence‐specific antimicrobials, while future applications can build on advances in eukaryotes, the rich natural diversity of CRISPR‐Cas systems, and the untapped potential of CRISPR‐based DNA acquisition. Overall, these systems have formed the basis of an ever‐expanding genetic toolbox and hold tremendous potential for our future understanding and engineering of the bacterial world. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 930–943. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temperature‐sensitive miR‐483 is a conserved regulator of recombinant protein and viral vector production in mammalian cells
Authors: Emmerling Verena V. , Fischer Simon , Stiefel Fabian , Holzmann Karlheinz , Handrick René , Hesse Friedemann , Hörer Markus , Kochanek Stefan , Otte Kerstin
Published: October 2015

Cell engineering and bioprocess optimizations such as low temperature cultivation represent powerful tools to improve cellular performance and product yields of mammalian production cells. Besides monoclonal antibodies (mABs), novel biotherapeutic formats such as viral vectors will gain increasing importance. Here, we demonstrate that similar to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, product yields of recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) producing HeLa cells can be markedly increased by low temperature cultivation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that critically regulate cell phenotypes. We thus investigated differential miRNA expression in response to mild hypothermia in CHO and HeLa production cells. We discovered miR‐483 to be substantially up‐regulated upon temperature down‐shift in both cell types. Functional validation experiments revealed that introduction of miR‐483 mimics led to a significant increase in both rAAV and mAB production in HeLa and CHO cells, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of miR‐483 up‐regulation during mild hypothermia significantly decreased product yields, suggesting that miR‐483 is a key regulator of cellular productivity in mammalian cells. In addition, miRNA target gene identification indicated that miR‐483 might regulate genes directly involved in cellular survival and protein expression. Our results highlight that miR‐483 is a valuable tool for product‐independent engineering of mammalian production cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 830–841. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wer denkt, der Mensch oder sein Gehirn?
Authors: Kirschfeld Kuno
Published: October 2015

Die Kritik von Philosophen daran, wie Hirnforscher ihre experimentellen Ergebnisse interpretieren, beruht zum großen Teil auf der klassischen Methode der Philosophie: der Klärung von Begriffen. Danach wird zum Beispiel gefolgert: Die Behauptung, das Gehirn denke, ist Unsinn, denn denken kann nur der Mensch. Im Gegensatz hierzu zeigt die Hirnforschung, dass die im Gehirn ablaufenden Prozesse notwendig und hinreichend sind, um unser Denken zu erklären. Der Autor vertritt den Standpunkt, dass die Klärung von Begriffen deshalb nichts zur Frage der Funktion des Gehirn beitragen kann, weil bei der Entwicklung einer Sprache das damals aktuelle Weltbild in die Begriffe eingeht. Werden früher gebildete Begriffe auch heute noch verwendet, so können sie deswegen veraltet sein und müssen bei ihrer Klärung notwendigerweise in die Irre führen
Alfred Russel Wallace
Authors: Kutschera Ulrich
Published: October 2015

Alfred R. Wallace (1823–1913) galt zeitlebens als Außenseiter der Biologie und steht noch heute im Schatten von Charles Darwin. Nach jahrelangen Forschungsreisen war der Freiberufler Wallace, der 22 Bücher und über 700 Publikationen verfasst hat, jedoch auf manchen Gebieten origineller als Darwin. In seinem 100. Todesjahr wird er unter anderem als (Mit)‐Begründer des Selektionsprinzips, der Neo‐Darwin'schen Theorie, Biogeografie, Astrobiologie, evolutionären Anthropologie, Biodiversitätsforschung und Vordenker der Naturschutz‐, Freidenker‐ und Humanistenbewegung gewürdigt, obwohl er als atheistischer Spiritist irrationale Thesen vertrat, die seinem Ansehen bis heute geschadet haben.
Freunde der Finsternis: Asseln und Tausendfüßer
Authors: Petrischak Hannes
Published: October 2015

Unter Steinen, Brettern und Blumentöpfen erschließt sich im Garten ein eigener Kosmos: Schaut man darunter, laufen viele Tiere hektisch in Richtung der nächsten Schlupfwinkel. Sowohl Substratzersetzer als auch Räuber sind hier zu Hause und werden in der Nacht aktiv. Neben einigen Käfern, Würmern, Spinnen und Schnecken dominieren Asseln (Isopoda) und Tausendfüßer (Myriapoda) in diesen Boden‐Lebensräumen. Sie zeigen höchst spannende Anpassungen an ihre spezialisierte Lebensweise.
Knöllchenbakterien: Helfer der Landwirtschaft
Authors: Zehner Susanne , Göttfert Michael
Published: October 2015

In diesem Jahr wurde das Knöllchenbakterium durch die VAAM zur “Mikrobe des Jahres” gekürt. Knöllchenbakterium ist ein Sammelbegriff für eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Arten, die in der Lage sind, mit Leguminosen eine Wurzelknöllchensymbiose einzugehen. Während der Symbiose sind die zu Bacteroiden differenzierten Bakterien mit einer weiteren Membran umhüllt und sie leben in großer Zahl in Zellen des Knöllchens. Sie fixieren Luftstickstoff, der von den Pflanzen genutzt wird. Im Gegenzug müssen sie komplett von der Pflanze versorgt werden. Die Symbiose wird durch einen Signalaustausch zwischen den Symbiosepartnern initiiert. Die ersten spezifischen Signale werden von der Pflanze im Wurzelraum abgegeben. Es sind Flavonoide, die die Bakterien zur Bildung von Nod‐Faktoren anregen, die wiederum Signale für die Pflanze sind. Neben dieser bei fast allen Rhizobien vorhandenen Grundausstattung sind bei allen Rhizobien extrazelluläre Moleküle in wechselnder Zusammensetzung an der Etablierung der Symbiose beteiligt.
Botschaft aus der Tiefsee: Wie sich Prokaryoten zu Eukaryoten wandelten
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: October 2015

Die Entstehung von Eukaryoten aus Prokaryoten, vor allem die damit einhergehende Zunahme der Zellkomplexität, gibt noch immer Rätsel auf. Neue phylogenetische Studien deuten an, dass die Eukarya (die alle Eukaryoten enthaltende Domäne nach C. Woese) aus den Archaea hervorgegangen sind und ihr gemeinsamer Vorfahre deutlich komplexer war, als alle heute bekannten Archaeen. Schwedische Forscher stellten eine Archaeenlinie aus der Tiefsee vor, die den nächsten Verwandten der Eukarya darstellt und wohl ein dynamisches Cytoskelett sowie die Fähigkeit zur Phagozytose besitzt.
Wägeschiffchen im Eigenbau
Authors: Hauk Andrea
Published: October 2015

Wägen ist eine der häufigsten Labortätigkeiten. Jeder Labormitarbeiter wurde schon bestimmt mehr als einmal in seinem Berufsleben damit konfrontiert, eine bestimmte Menge pulvrige Substanz abzuwiegen, in einen Messkolben zu überführen und daraus eine definierte Lösung herzustellen. Mit ein paar einfachen Handgriffen können Sie sich Ihr Wägeschiffchen selbst falten.
Die Honigbiene – das vielleicht kleinste Nutztier der Welt
Authors: Stolzenberg Tobias
Published: October 2015

Honigbienen faszinieren: Sie sind perfekt organisiert – und sie sind eine Wirtschaftsmacht. Seit der Steinzeit lebt und arbeitet der Mensch mit der Biene. Und er kann nicht ohne sie.
Factors affecting morbidity after conversion of laparoscopic colorectal resections
Authors: Aytac E , Stocchi L , Ozdemir Y , Kiran R P
Published: October 2015

Background

The impact of conversion on postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal surgery remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a conversion results in increased postoperative morbidity and mortality, and to evaluate whether any specific factors affect the outcomes of converted procedures.

Methods

Outcomes of procedures requiring conversion among patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal resection between 1992 and 2011 were compared with those for operations completed laparoscopically. Subset analyses were also performed to evaluate the selective impact of patient-, disease- and treatment-related factors and the timing of conversion during surgery on outcomes. Primary endpoints were postoperative mortality and morbidity.

Results

Of 2483 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection, 270 (10·9 per cent) required conversion to open surgery. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was comparable after laparoscopically completed and converted procedures (0·4 versus 0 per cent respectively; P = 0·610). Factors significantly associated with morbidity after conversion were smoking, cardiovascular co-morbidity, previous abdominal operations (particularly colectomy or hysterectomy) and adhesions. Overall morbidity was not affected by conversion (27·0 per cent at 30 days in both groups; P > 0·999). However, patients experiencing morbidity tended to have had earlier conversions: median (range) 40 (15–90) min into surgery versus 50 (15–240) min for those who did not develop morbidity (P = 0·006). The risk of reoperation for postoperative morbidity was higher following conversion because of complications (13 versus 2·9 per cent; P = 0·024).

Conclusion

Conversions of laparoscopic colorectal resection are not associated with increased overall morbidity, regardless of the timing of conversion.
Assessment of abdominoperineal resection rate as a surrogate marker of hospital quality in rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Jorgensen M L , Young J M , Dobbins T A , Solomon M J
Published: October 2015

Background

Rates of abdominoperineal resection (APR) have been suggested as a solitary surrogate marker for comparing overall hospital quality in rectal cancer surgery. This study investigated the value of this marker by examining the associations between hospital APR rates and other quality indicators.

Methods

Hospital-level correlations between risk-adjusted APR rates for low rectal cancer and six risk-adjusted outcomes and six care processes were performed (such as 30-day mortality, complications, timely treatment). The ability of APR rates to discriminate between hospitals' performance was examined by means of hospital variance results in multilevel regression models and funnel plots.

Results

A linked population-based data set identified 1703 patients diagnosed in 2007 and 2008 who underwent surgery for rectal cancer. Some 15·9 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 14·2 to 17·6) per cent of these patients had an APR. Among 707 people with low rectal cancer, 38·2 (34·6 to 41·8) per cent underwent APR. Although risk-adjusted hospital rates of APR for low rectal cancer varied by up to 100 per cent, only one hospital (1 per cent) fell outside funnel plot limits and hospital variance in multilevel models was not very large. Lower hospital rates of APR for low rectal cancer did not correlate significantly with better hospital-level outcomes or process measures, except for recording of pathological stage (r = −0·55, P = 0·019). Patients were significantly more likely to undergo APR for low rectal cancer if they attended a non-tertiary metropolitan hospital (adjusted odds ratio 2·14, 95 per cent c.i. 1·11 to 4·15).

Conclusion

APR rates do not appear to be a useful surrogate marker of overall hospital performance in rectal cancer surgery.
Optimized Expression and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides, LPcin Analogs
Authors: Kim Ji‐Sun , Jeong Ji‐Ho , Kim Kyung‐Sup , Kim Yongae
Published: October 2015

Lactophoricin (LPcin or LPcin‐I), a cationic amphipathic antimicrobial peptide consisting of 23 amino acids, is a part of proteose peptone (113–135) isolated from bovine milk. The 23 amino acids of LPcin are relatively long for industrial uses as antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, a series of N‐ or C‐terminal truncated variant mutated analogs and truncated mutated analogs were designed using peptide engineering techniques to investigate the structure–activity relationships. Then, three analogs of LPcin‐C8 [(LPcin‐YK1), LPcin‐T2WT6W (LPcin‐YK2), and LPcin‐T2WT6W‐C8 (LPcin‐YK3)] were optimized to express with high yield and characterized for their structural studies. Successful expression of these three LPcin analogs in Escherichia coli system was accomplished through the formation of a fusion protein with higher yield. The peptides were purified using several biophysical techniques and finally isolated using reversed‐phase preparative HPLC. The purity, molecular mass, and the secondary structure of the purified and isolated LPcin analogs were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism spectrometry. The secondary structure of LPcin and its three analog peptides clearly showed α‐helical characteristics in membrane environments and random‐coil conformation in water. Consequently, our results so far have shown that the three LPcin analogs could become potent antimicrobial peptides like LPcin as an alternative of new antibiotics in the near future.
Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines from 1‐Aryl‐5‐styrylpyrazoles via Intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts Reaction/Aerobic Oxidation
Authors: Moon Hye Ran , Yu Jin , Kim Ko Hoon , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: October 2015

Various pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines were synthesized via the intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts reaction of 1‐aryl‐5‐styrylpyrazoles and the following base‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation process. The required 1‐aryl‐5‐styrylpyrazoles were readily prepared from the corresponding conjugated dienones and arylhydrazines in a one‐pot process.
Simultaneous quantification of morphine and cocaine in hair samples from drug addicts by GC‐EI/MS
Authors: Gouveia Carla Alexandra , Oliveira Ana , Pinho Sandra , Vasconcelos Carlos , Carvalho Félix , Moreira Roxana Falcão , Dinis‐Oliveira Ricardo Jorge
Published: October 2015

The development of analytical techniques that enable the use of hair as an alternative matrix for the analysis of drugs of abuse is useful for confirming the exposure in a larger time window (weeks to months, depending on the length of the hair shaft). In the present study a methodology aimed at the simultaneous quantification of cocaine and morphine in human hair was developed and validated. After decontamination, hair samples (20 mg) were incubated with a mixture of methanol/hydrochloric acid (2:1) at 65 °C overnight (~16 h) in order to extract the drugs of the matrix. Purification was performed by solid‐phase extraction using mixed‐mode extraction cartridges. After derivatization with N‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, blank, standards and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/electron impact–mass spectrometry (GC‐EI/MS). The method proved to be selective, as there were no interferences of endogenous compounds with the same retention time as cocaine, morphine and ethylmorphine (internal standard). The regression analysis for both analytes showed linearity in the range 0.25–10.00 ng/mg with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9989 to 0.9991. The coefficients of variation oscillated between 0.83 and 14.60%. The limits of detection were 0.01 and 0.02 ng/mg, and the limits of quantification were 0.03 and 0.06 ng/mg for cocaine and morphine, respectively. The proposed GC‐EI/MS method provided an accurate and simple assay with adequate precision and recovery for the quantification of cocaine and morphine in hair samples. The proof of applicability was performed in hair samples obtained from drug addicts enrolled in a Regional Detoxification Treatment Center. The importance of hair samples is highlighted, since positives results were obtained when urine immunoassay analyses were negative. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taking the measure of metrics: Interviews with four ASIS&T members
Authors: Sugimoto Cassidy R.
Published: October 2015

Editor's Summary

A series of interviews with four ASIS&T members, all outstanding scholars in metric‐related research, provides insights into their interests, motivations and views on research in the area. Christine L. Borgman recalls being intrigued as a student when hearing about the history of bibliometrics, and she sees expanding metrics research methods as one of the most significant recent advances in the field. Blaise Cronin speaks of reading, meeting and corresponding with leaders in the field from early in his own career. He is impressed by the rise of journals other than JASIST covering informetrics, reflecting expanding interest in the field. Katherine W. McCain was drawn to the field when she was recognized for a citation analysis and collection assessment carried out while she served as a biology librarian. Among the challenges McCain identifies are more meaningful analysis of huge datasets, research funding and gaining understanding through the different perspectives of boundary spanners. Howard White recalls how a friendly conversation led to special access to a proprietary data gathering tool, resulting in the first author co‐citation map and his co‐authoring a highly acclaimed article. He notes significant advances in the mathematical foundations of bibliometrics and a rise in importance of bibliometrics for assessing national research programs. All four researchers are pleased to see the rise of altmetrics and data visualization capabilities, though they share concerns about the validity and reliability of metrics‐based research and trustworthiness of platforms and data sets.
Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth 1A: A narrative review with clinical and anatomical perspectives
Authors: McGrath M.C.
Published: October 2015

Charcot–Marie‐Tooth 1A (CMT1A) is regarded as the most common hereditary peripheral neurodegenerative disorder. This narrative review highlights perspectives around the historically well‐established and characteristic anatomical manifestations of CMT1A seen in the feet, legs and hands, in addition to a clinical diagnosis that may be confirmed by electrophysiology, genetic or molecular markers together with the presence of a typical family history. A less well‐known perspective is the potential for systemic manifestations and wider complication. The condition is characterised by a progressive clinical picture with unmistakable anatomical and neurological features that have been described since the late 19th century. There remains no cure although supportive, rehabilitative, and surgical regimes may provide helpful management or amelioration of symptoms. Most recently, the emergence of a pleotherapeutic approach suggests distinct promise. Future research focused on a detailed elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms underpinning myelin and axonal function may eventually hold the key to successful treatment of CMT1A. Genetic modification would potentially present a cure. Clin. Anat. 29:547–554, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene expression profiling upon 212Pb‐TCMC‐trastuzumab treatment in the LS‐174T i.p. xenograft model
Authors: Yong Kwon J. , Milenic Diane E. , Baidoo Kwamena E. , Kim Young‐Seung , Brechbiel Martin W.
Published: October 2015

Recent studies have demonstrated that therapy with 212Pb‐TCMC‐trastuzumab resulted in (1) induction of apoptosis, (2) G2/M arrest, and (3) blockage of double‐strand DNA damage repair in LS‐174T i.p. (intraperitoneal) xenografts. To further understand the molecular basis of the cell killing efficacy of 212Pb‐TCMC‐trastuzumab, gene expression profiling was performed with LS‐174T xenografts 24 h after exposure to 212Pb‐TCMC‐trastuzumab. DNA damage response genes (84) were screened using a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction array (qRT‐PCR array). Differentially regulated genes were identified following exposure to 212Pb‐TCMC‐trastuzumab. These included genes involved in apoptosis (ABL, GADD45α, GADD45γ, PCBP4, and p73), cell cycle (ATM, DDIT3, GADD45α, GTSE1, MKK6, PCBP4, and SESN1), and damaged DNA binding (DDB) and repair (ATM and BTG2). The stressful growth arrest conditions provoked by 212Pb‐TCMC‐trastuzumab were found to induce genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. The expression of genes involved in DDB and single‐strand DNA breaks was also enhanced by 212Pb‐TCMC‐trastuzumab while no modulation of genes involved in double‐strand break repair was apparent. Furthermore, the p73/GADD45 signaling pathway mediated by p38 kinase signaling may be involved in the cellular response, as evidenced by the enhanced expression of genes and proteins of this pathway. These results further support the previously described cell killing mechanism by 212Pb‐TCMC‐trastuzumab in the same LS‐174T i.p. xenograft. Insight into these mechanisms could lead to improved strategies for rational application of radioimmunotherapy using α‐particle emitters.
A critique of the ontology of consumer enchantment
Authors: Ostergaard Per , Fitchett James , Jantzen Christian
Published: October 2015

The concept of enchantment offers a plausible explanation of the lures and thrills of consumer culture. We examine the theoretical foundation of the concept through a critique of Ritzer's enchantment thesis. We begin by assessing the enchantment/disenchantment discourse through a review of the main theoretical contributions to the area, first summarizing Max Weber's initial outline of the notion of disenchantment in the Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism. We then consider Colin Campbell's critique of Weber and George Ritzer's development in Enchanting a Disenchanted World. Finally, we apply Jean Baudrillard's Order of Simulacra to further resolve some of the open questions concerning the possibility of enchantment in contemporary consumer culture. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Composition and Antipathogenic Activity of Artemisia annua Essential Oil from Romania
Authors: Marinas Ioana C. , Oprea Eliza , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen , Badea Irinel Adriana , Buleandra Mihaela , Lazar Veronica
Published: October 2015

The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from Romanian Artemisia annua aerial parts was characterized by GC/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of 94.64% of the total oil composition. The main components were camphor (17.74%), α‐pinene (9.66%), germacrene D (7.55%), 1,8‐cineole (7.24%), trans‐β‐caryophyllene (7.02%), and artemisia ketone (6.26%). The antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was evaluated by determining the following parameters: minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC), and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). Moreover, the soluble virulence factors were quantified with different biochemical substrates incorporated in the culture media. The reference and resistant, clinical strains proved to be susceptible to the A. annua oil, with MICs ranging from 0.51 to 16.33 mg/ml. The tested essential oil also showed good antibiofilm activity, inhibiting both the initial stage of the microbial cell adhesion to the inert substratum and the preformed mature biofilm. When used at subinhibitory concentrations, the essential oil proved to inhibit the phenotypic expression of five soluble virulence factors (hemolysins, gelatinase, DNase, lipases, and lecithinases). Briefly, the present results showed that the A. annua essential oil contained antimicrobial compounds with selective activity on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains as well as on yeast strains and which also interfere with the expression of cell‐associated and soluble virulence factors.
Case formulation in personality disordered offenders: Views from the front line
Authors: Brown Susan , Völlm Birgit
Published: October 2015

Background

Case formulation (CF) is a process that provides a psychological understanding of a person's difficulties and results in an intervention plan to address them. CF may be particularly useful in complex cases; yet the evidence base on its application in forensic settings is limited. Nevertheless, CF is a key part of the UK government's strategy for high‐risk personality disordered offenders. As part of this strategy, probation staff are expected to carry out CF in order to inform interventions for these offenders.

Aims/hypotheses

This study sought to access the experience of probation staff of working with personality disordered offenders and their views around their role in the strategy and what challenges and benefits might arise.

Methods

Three focus groups were carried out, each with 6–7 probation staff.

Results

Four themes emerged. Firstly, staff reported a lack of personality disorder (PD)‐specific training, and the work that they do with PD offenders is hampered by this. Secondly, probation staff experience difficulties when attempting to obtain help for PD offenders, including diagnostic assessments and treatment for those already diagnosed. Thirdly, the work probation staff currently do with offenders covers similar areas as CF but with a different focus. Fourthly, participants welcomed the prospect of PD‐specific training but were concerned that they should be appropriately supervised and not left to carry out work for which they feel under‐trained.

Conclusions

Our findings point towards potential benefits in providing probation staff with PD‐specific training in order to implement the PD offender strategy.

Implications for practice

Issues relating to the lack of provision of appropriate treatment and the need for relevant supervision of probation staff conducting CF need to be addressed in order to enhance the successful operation of the strategy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Titanate Nanobelts for Solvent‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Lu Yong‐Ming , Zhu Hai‐Zhou , Liu Jian‐Wei , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: October 2015

The solvent‐free selective oxidation of alcohols by O2 without any additives has been studied using palladium nanoparticles supported on a titanate nanobelt. The catalysts were prepared by polyol reduction and impregnation with different kinds of supports. They were evaluated in oxidation reactions of benzyl alcohol. The calcined titanate nanobelt was found to be the best support for the solvent‐free Pd‐catalyzed oxidation of alcohols and excellent catalytic activity as well as high selectivity to the corresponding benzaldehyde could be obtained. Moreover, palladium nanoparticles immobilized on the calcined titanate nanobelt could completely suppress the formation of toluene and benzoic acid, an effect that might be caused by the enhanced basic nature and morphology of the support. The catalyst was not only active and selective towards carbonyl compounds, but also recyclable under the oxidation conditions. This catalyst was also applicable for the oxidation of other alcohols.
Optimisation of Potential Boundaries with Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for an Anodic Half‐Cell Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Electrolytes
Authors: Smaran Kumar Sai , Joshi Prerna , Vedarajan Raman , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: October 2015

Advances in lithium‐ion battery electrolyte materials have created a niche for the evolution of various electrochemical techniques. Appropriate diagnostic techniques to evaluate new electrolytes are of paramount importance, as the conventional techniques lead to prejudiced conclusions. Organic–inorganic hybrid ion gels, employed as electrolytes for the carbon anodic half‐cell, showing discrepancies in its charge discharge profile, were probed for their abnormal charge–discharge behaviour. Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) was used as a diagnostic tool; inferences were drawn from charge‐transfer resistance values and used as indicators to delimit the potential boundaries for optimum performance of the cells. Identifying the cut‐off potentials through DEIS and subsequent charge–discharge provided clean profiles.
Explicit–implicit mapping approach to nonlinear blind separation of sparse nonnegative dependent sources from a single mixture: pure component extraction from nonlinear mixture mass spectra
Authors: Kopriva Ivica , Jerić Ivanka , Brkljačić Lidija
Published: October 2015

The nonlinear, nonnegative single‐mixture blind source separation problem consists of decomposing observed nonlinearly mixed multicomponent signal into nonnegative dependent component (source) signals. The problem is difficult and is a special case of the underdetermined blind source separation problem. However, it is practically relevant for the contemporary metabolic profiling of biological samples when only one sample is available for acquiring mass spectra; afterwards, the pure components are extracted. Herein, we present a method for the blind separation of nonnegative dependent sources from a single, nonlinear mixture. First, an explicit feature map is used to map a single mixture into a pseudo multi‐mixture. Second, an empirical kernel map is used for implicit mapping of a pseudo multi‐mixture into a high‐dimensional reproducible kernel Hilbert space. Under sparse probabilistic conditions that were previously imposed on sources, the single‐mixture nonlinear problem is converted into an equivalent linear, multiple‐mixture problem that consists of the original sources and their higher‐order monomials. These monomials are suppressed by robust principal component analysis and hard, soft, and trimmed thresholding. Sparseness‐constrained nonnegative matrix factorizations in reproducible kernel Hilbert space yield sets of separated components. Afterwards, separated components are annotated with the pure components from the library using the maximal correlation criterion. The proposed method is depicted with a numerical example that is related to the extraction of eight dependent components from one nonlinear mixture. The method is further demonstrated on three nonlinear chemical reactions of peptide synthesis in which 25, 19, and 28 dependent analytes are extracted from one nonlinear mixture mass spectra. The goal application of the proposed method is, in combination with other separation techniques, mass spectrometry‐based non‐targeted metabolic profiling, such as biomarker identification studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Competing Phases, Complex Structure, and Complementary Diffraction Studies of R3‐δFeAl4‐xMgxTt2 Intermetallics (R: Y, Dy, Er, Yb; Tt: Si or Ge; x < 0.5).
Authors: Ma Xiaowei , Whalen Jeffrey B. , Cao Huibo , Latturner Susan E.
Published: October 2015

Yb2.77FeAl3.72Mg0.28Si2, Dy3‐δFeAl4‐xMgxSi2, Y3‐δFeAl4‐xMgxGe2, Er3‐δFeAl4‐xMgxGe2, and Yb5Fe4Al17Si6 are synthesized from the elements using an equimolar Mg/Al reactive flux (950 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The New Homoleptic Tetracyanamidoaluminate LiBa2[Al(CN2)4].
Authors: Unverfehrt Leonid , Stroebele Markus , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: October 2015

LiBa2[Al(CN2)4] is prepared by solid state metathesis reaction of BaF2, AlF3, and Li2(CN2) in the ratio of 2:1:4 (sealed copper tube, 550 °C, 50 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Equilibria in the Tl2MoO4—Fe2 (MoO4)3—Hf(MoO4)2 System and the Crystal Structure of Ternary Molybdate Tl(FeHf0.5)(MoO4)3.
Authors: Grossman V. G. , Bazarov B. G. , Klevtsova R. F. , Glinskaya L. A. , Bazarova Zh. G.
Published: October 2015

The subsolidus region of the title system is studied by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetite‐Supported Sulfonic Acid: A Retrievable Nanocatalyst for the Ritter Reaction and Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Gawande Manoj B. , Rathi Anuj K. , Nogueira Isabel D. , Varma Rajender S. , Branco Paula S.
Published: October 2015

Nanoparticles of magnetite‐supported sulfonic acid are prepared and successfully applied as a magnetically separable catalyst for the Ritter reaction, Friedlaender annulation, and three‐component synthesis of nitrile (X).
ChemInform Abstract: A Homogeneous Chiral Manganese(III)—Salphe Catalyst for Enantioselective Epoxidation of Olefins.
Authors: Wei Saili , Tang Yuhai , Zhao Ruiqin , Xu Xiaoqian , Xu Guojin , Yu Yong , Zheng Yuansuo
Published: October 2015

A new chiral Mn(III)‐catalyst is synthesized from natural amino acid (R)‐phenylalanine and successfully applied to asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins in an ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, X‐Ray Crystallography, and Reactions of N‐Acyl and N‐Carbamoyl Succinimides.
Authors: Goodman Cassie A. , Eagles Joel B. , Rudahindwa Leandre , Hamaker Christopher G. , Hitchcock Shawn R.
Published: October 2015

A series of N‐acyl and N‐carbamoyl succinimides are prepared which are effective reagents for the acylation of primary and secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselctive N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Aza‐Benzoin Reaction of Enals with Activated Ketimines.
Authors: Sun Li‐Hiu , Liang Zhi‐Qin , Jia Wen‐Qiang , Ye Song
Published: October 2015

Various differently substituted chiral aza‐benzoin products are synthesized (24 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Syntheses of Highly Substituted Methylenecyclopropanes via Copper‐ or Iron‐Catalyzed Reactions of 1,2‐Disubstituted 3‐(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopropenes with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Xie Xiaocong , Fox Joseph M.
Published: October 2015

The Cu(I)‐catalyzed reaction of substituted cyclopropenes with Grignard reagents proceeds with good to high diastereoselectivity providing the syn‐addition products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed ortho‐ or meta‐C—H Olefination of Phenol Derivatives.
Authors: Dai Hui‐Xiong , Li Gang , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Stepan Antonia F. , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: October 2015

Meta‐olefination generally proceeds with high selectivity <83:17.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Thiocyanates via Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Between Arylboronic Acids and KSCN.
Authors: Sun Nan , Zhang Han , Mo Weimin , Hu Baoxiang , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Xinquan
Published: October 2015

The title reaction is not suitable for arylboronic acids bearing strong electron‐withdrawing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted‐1,3‐diynes by Iron/Copper Cocatalyzed Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Wang Peipei , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Songlin
Published: October 2015

The reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Regioselective Consecutive Multihalogenation of 2,2′‐Bithiophene.
Authors: Kim Bo Ram , Kim Eun Jung , Sung Gi Hyeon , Kim Jeum‐Jong , Shin Dong‐Soo , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Yoon Yong‐Jin
Published: October 2015

The selectivity of the reactions is controlled by order of addition and amount of the corresponding lithium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidation of Indole Carbinols Using Fe(NO3)3·9H2O/TEMPO/NaCl as Catalysts.
Authors: Liu Jinxian , Ma Shengming
Published: October 2015

A practical aerobic oxidation of various types of indole carbinols using oxygen or air as terminal oxidant affording the corresponding aldehydes or ketones is described.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Efficient Synthesis of Indoles Through Triazene‐Directed C—H Annulation.
Authors: Wang Chengming , Sun Huan , Fang Yan , Huang Yong
Published: October 2015

The first general protocol for the synthesis of unprotected indoles via the title reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of C—H Bonds to C=O Bonds by O2 only or N‐Oxides and DMSO: Synthesis of Δ1‐Bipyrrolinones and Pyrrolino[3,2‐b]pyrrolinones from 2,6‐Diazasemibullvalenes.
Authors: Zhang Shaoguang , Zhan Ming , Luo Qian , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: October 2015

Selective oxidation reactions of title compounds (I) via C—N bond cleavage and C—H oxidation affording Δ1‐bipyrrolinones (II) and pyrrolino[3,2‐b]pyrrolinones (III) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Some N‐Aryl‐4‐nitroimidazoles as Potential Insensitive Energy Materials.
Authors: Hou Kehui , Liu Zuliang
Published: October 2015

Derivative (IIId) possesses a VOD value of 7.72 km/s and an impact sensitivity of 167 (H50)/cm based on calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Azole Derivatives.
Authors: Prakash Talapuru Bhanu , Reddy Lingaladinne Malligarjuna , Padmaja Adivireddy , Padmavathi Venkatapuram
Published: October 2015

A variety of new sulfonylmethylamido‐linked azole derivatives (V) (9 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Unsubstituted 1‐Arylimidazoles.
Authors: Mityanov V. S. , Perevalov V. P. , Tkach I. I.
Published: October 2015

Two new methods are presented for the synthesis of 1‐arylimidazole N‐oxides stabilized as boron trifluoride derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Copper(II) Complex as a Catalyst for N‐Arylation of Imidazoles.
Authors: Jiao Yanli , Yan Nannan , Xie Jianwei , Ma Xiaowei , Liu Ping , Dai Bin
Published: October 2015

The applied copper catalyst is inexpensive and air‐/moisture‐stable.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Green Syntheses of 12‐Aryl‐2,3,4,12‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]xanthene‐1,6,11‐triones in Water and Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Lumb Anshika , Chaudhary Ankita , Nand Bhaskara
Published: October 2015

A convenient one‐pot cascade/tandem method for the synthesis of the title compounds under extremely mild reaction conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Reactions of 4,6‐Dichloro‐2‐(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine and Related Electrophiles with Amines.
Authors: Baiazitov Ramil , Du Wu , Lee Chang‐Sun , Hwang Seongwoo , Almstead Neil G. , Moon Young‐Choon
Published: October 2015

Utilization of the product (IIIa) of the preceding abstract in further SNAr or coupling reactions is detailed.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in the Effect of Light on Trimethoprim, Furosemide and Metoclopramide.
Authors: Jetti Srinivasa Rao , Dubey Manoj , Jain Shubha
Published: October 2015

UV‐Irradiation of trimethoprim (I) and metoclopramide (V) gives different products in different media, whereas furosemide is shown to be stable under these conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New 4‐Aryl‐1‐(4,6‐diaryl pyrimidine)‐2‐azetidinone by Conventional and Microwave Methods and Their Biological Activities.
Authors: Sharma Sharda , Jain Renuka , Sharma Vikas , Chawla Chetali
Published: October 2015

Most of the title pyrimidine derivatives (VII) and (IX) reduce the motility of sperms in HF cattle spermatozoa and show significant antibacterial as well as antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 4(3H)‐Quinazolinones from Anthranilamides and Aryl Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhan Dan , Li Tianbin , Zhang Xiaoping , Dai Chuan , Wei Haidong , Zhang Yuyu , Zeng Qingle
Published: October 2015

The advantages of the new procedure are low catalyst loading, use of green oxidant in form of air, high atom economy and good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 1,2‐Diamines from β‐Chloro Amines: Precursors of New Substituted Piperazin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Slama Soumaya , Elemine Brahim Ould , Besbes Rafaa
Published: October 2015

A simple route to new 1,2‐diamines from β‐chloro amines and their transformation into polysubstituted piperazinones are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: AlCl3‐Mediated Hydroarylation—Heteroarylation in a Single Pot: A Direct Access to Densely Functionalized Olefins of Pharmacological Interest.
Authors: Nakhi Ali , Archana Sivakumar , Seerapu Guru Pavan Kumar , Chennubhotla Keerthana Sarma , Kumar Kummari Lalith , Kulkarni Pushkar , Haldar Devyani , Pal Manojit
Published: October 2015

With a view to find novel sirtuin inhibitors, a series of substituted quinoxalines (V) (30 examples) is prepared by a hydroarylation—heteroarylation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of AllylSmBr/HMPA: Facile Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐1,2,4‐benzotriazines.
Authors: Yin Ruifeng , Zhou Liejin , Liu Huili , Lue Xin , Mao Hui , Wang Xiaoxia
Published: October 2015

The authors state that HMPA enhances the reducing ability of samarium as well as it prohibits the nucleophilicity of allyl‐SmBr generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearranged Limonoids and Chromones from Harrisonia perforata and Their Antiinflammatory Activity.
Authors: Choodej Siwattra , Sommit Damrong , Pudhom Khanitha
Published: October 2015

The rearranged limonoids, harperforatin (I) and haperfolide (II), and chromone harperamone (III) are isolated along with eight known compounds from the fruits and roots of Harrisonia perforata.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Entry to Sugar Derived Bispiropyrrolidines Through Non‐Stabilized Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Barman Piyali Deb , Goyal Divya , Daravath Upendra Kumar , Sanyal Ishita , Mandal Sukhendu B. , Banerjee Asish Kumar
Published: October 2015

Azomethine ylides, generated in situ from sarcosine, isatins, and cycloalkanones or acenaphthenedione, undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with the carbohydrate derived olefin (II) to afford the title compounds (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: The Claisen Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Nandi Raj Kumar
Published: October 2015

Review: <200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Carbenes: From Laboratory Curiosities to Powerful Tools
Authors: Soleilhavoup Michele , Melaimi Mohand , Martin David , Bertrand Guy
Published: October 2015

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Catalytic Oxidations in Water
Authors: Sheldon Roger A.
Published: October 2015

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Approaches for Direct Modification of Peripheral C—H Bonds in Porphyrin Cores
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: October 2015

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Demystifying the Dendralenes
Authors: MacKay Emily G. , Sherburn Michael S.
Published: October 2015

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Magnetism in Co by an Electric Field
Authors: Chiba D. , Ono T.
Published: October 2015

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Another Dimension. Investigations of Molecular Magnetism Using Muon‐Spin Relaxation
Authors: Lancaster Tom , Blundell Stephen J. , Pratt Francis L.
Published: October 2015

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Mechanochemical Activation by Ultrasound
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Gaudino Emanuela Calcio , Cintas Pedro
Published: October 2015

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combining Vibrational Spectroscopies with Quantum Chemical Calculations for Molecular‐Level Understanding of Reaction Mechanisms on Catalytic Surfaces
Authors: Podkolzin Simon G. , Fitzgerald George B. , Koel Bruce E.
Published: October 2015

Review: 102 refs.
Effect of microwave radiation on the processing of a Cu‐Ni sulphide ore
Authors: Marion Christopher , Jordens Adam , Maloney Conor , Langlois Ray , Waters Kristian E.
Published: October 2015

The need for fine grinding to liberate valuable minerals from low‐grade ores has become a major concern due to the high energy requirements and low energy efficiencies of comminution processes. One method being studied to improve efficiencies is microwave pre‐treatment. Microwaves can selectively heat certain minerals (absorbers) within an ore, causing internal stresses and forming fractures along grain boundaries. Microwave pre‐treatment of an ore containing microwave‐absorbing minerals and microwave‐transparent gangue can significantly reduce grinding energy. However, these improvements must not be detrimental to downstream processing. This work investigated the effects of microwave radiation on the grindability and flotability of a copper/nickel sulphide ore. A reduction in the Bond Work Index of 22 % was observed after microwave pre‐treatment in a 3.0 kW multimodal microwave (2.45 GHz) for 60 s. Although a significant reduction in the required grinding energy was observed, the amount of energy required to treat the sample is significantly higher than the corresponding Bond Work Index reduction, indicating that the process remains some distance from being economically viable. Microwave pre‐treatment also showed beneficial effects on the flotation of the ore. Copper recovery remained constant while nickel recovery increased by 33.6 % after 120 s of microwave exposure at 0.8 kW, and by 34.4 % after a 30 s exposure at 3.0 kW. Higher microwave exposure also showed an increase in concentrate grade and flotation kinetics of both copper and nickel.
Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Ketone to Alkylidene Malonates Catalyzed by Binaphthyl Sulfonimides in Water
Authors: Jia Shengjian , Luo Chunhua , Du Daming
Published: October 2015

Binaphthyl sulfonimides have been developed to catalyze the asymmetric Michael addition of ketone to alkylidene malonates, affording the corresponding Michael products in good to high yields (up to 98%) with good to excellent diastereoselectivity (up to 99:1 dr) and enantioselectivity (up to 92% ee) under mild conditions using environmentally benign water as the solvent.