bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Más allá de la solidaridad revolucionaria. Etnografía y testimonio de una época neoliberal
Authors: Mallon Florencia
Published: May 2022

Casi treinta años después de que fuera publicada en inglés, la historia de vida de un trabajador dela caña puertoniqueño recopilada por el conocido antropólogo norteamericano Sidney W. Mintz finalmente salió en edición castellana. Poco después de haberse publicado la versión en inglés (1960), recuerda Mintz en su introducción a la nueva edición, "esperaba que se suscitase interés en una edición en español, pero no fue así. Sometí el manuscrito a varias editoriales latinoamericanas, sin éxito, y en Puerto Rico a ninguna editorial le interesaba".
¿Cómo la gente previene enfermarse? Un acercamiento para comprender la forma en que la gente de una comunidad nzapuche protege su salud
Authors: Carrasco Noelia
Published: May 2022

En este articulo se presenta la síntesis de una investigación antropológica de carácter etnográfica, llevada a cabo entre 1997 y 1998 en una comunidad indígena de la IX Región. Proyectando intereses desde la antropología, la búsqueda por conocer el nivel en que se encuentra la prevención de las enfermedades y la gente vive el cuidado de su salud, este trabajo, que tuvo la forma de investigación de Tesis de Grado, se llevó a cabo a través de la inserción de quien escribe en la comumidad, recogiendo desde allí todo lo que antropológicamente hablara acerca del problema planteado.
Accuracy of Elastomeric Impression Made with Standard and Dual Arch Tray: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Jhanji Rupal , Mittal Sanjeev , Garg Sandeep , Dhinsa Jeewan Bachan , Garg Deepti , Soni Gazal
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The dual-arch impression techniques utilise special stock impression trays of various designs. These trays are made of plastic or metal with fabric or mesh material placed across the occlusal surfaces of the teeth connecting their buccal and lingual flanges. These special trays register the impression of the opposing segments of the dentition. The dual arch impression technique is used in dentistry effectively since many decades but there is very little evidence published regarding the effect of different tray design on the accuracy of impression. Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of inter-abutment distance in dies obtained from different dual-arch trays and with those obtained from stock metal trays. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was carried out in the Department of Prosthodontics, M.M. College Of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Haryana, India between June 2016 to November 2017. A total of 70 elastomeric impression using heavy and light body addition silicone impression material were made, of the prepared typodont teeth of right mandibular first premolar and first molar for thee- unit fixed partial denture. impressions were grouped into four groups, based on the type of tray used i.e. Group A consisted of impressions obtained from plastic dual-arch trays (n=20), Group B- plastic reinforced with metal dual-arch trays (n=20), Group C- metal dual-arch trays (n=20) and Group D-full stock metal trays (n=10). Group A, B and C were further divided into Subgroup I (working side poured first) (n=10) and Subgroup II (non-working side poured first) (n=10) depending upon the sequence of pouring. The measurements were obtained using travelling microscope and statistical analysis was done using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test which was then followed by a post-hoc test. Results: The inter-abutment distance showed a decreased value in all the groups when compared to the master model (p-value >0.05). Percentage decrease in inter-abutment distance was between 0.006% - 0.48%. The results indicated statistical insignificant difference when full arch metal stock tray impression is compared to all dual arch trays impression. There was insignificant difference between the inter-abutment distance obtained using dual arch trays which were poured with working or non working side first. Conclusion: The impressions obtained with both dual arch trays and stock tray, produced dies with distortion in a clinically relevant range. Thus, dual arch trays can be recommended for making impressions of short span fixed partial dentures, and can be considered to be an alternative to the conventional method.
Molecular Identification of Xa4 Resistance Gene to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Cultivated Rice in Northwest Benin
Authors: Djedatin G. , Nanoukon C. , Missihoun A. , Lomou M. , Sedah P. , Agbangla C.
Published: May 2022

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the cultivated rice varieties that were resistant to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) by molecular screening. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) was the causal agent of bacterial blight, in the department of Atacora in Benin.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Applied to Genomics, between July 2021 and November 2021.

Methodology: Thirty-two rice accessions were collected in the department of Atacora and the IRBB4 isogenic line carrying Xa4 resistance gene, as a positive control, were screened using SSR marker. Genomic DNA was extracted from plants leaves. PCR using a pair of MP12 primers linked to the Xa4 gene were performed and amplified products were analyzed by electrophoresis in a 2% agarose gel.

Results: Our results showed that a significant number of rice varieties grown in northern Benin were resistant to Xoo. 62.5% were resistant of which 70% were local varieties. Some of these resistant varieties (35%) were heterozygous (Xa4/xa4) and others were homozygous (Xa4/Xa4). 10% had specific genotypes other than those expected, which showed the probability of existence new resistance alleles that need to be characterized.

Conclusion: This is the first time that a bacterial blight resistance gene has been identified in Beninese rice cultivation. This result will be very useful to rice breeders for developing elites resistant varieties through markers assisted selection programs.
Soilless Cultivation Technique, Hydroponics- A Review
Authors: Rani R. Sudha , Kumar H. V. Hema , Mani A. , Reddy Boreddy Sreenivasula , Rao Ch. Sujani
Published: May 2022

In India, with a growing population, soil and water resources are becoming increasingly scarce, highlighting the importance of maximising their usage for crop production. Due to urbanization, climate change, natural disasters and the indiscriminate application of herbicides and pesticides, all of which are reducing land fertility, poor yield and quality are currently affecting soil-based agriculture. So, now a days Hydroponic farming is gaining popularity around the world due to its effective resource management and high-quality food production. In this review article, types of hydroponics viz. wick system, ebb and flow, drip system, Nutrient Film Technique, deep water culture system and aeroponics; operations by this technique were discussed. These techniques have several advantages, including fewer growing times of crop than traditional methods, year-round production, low disease and pest incidence, and the elimination of weeding, spraying, and watering. Hydroponics play a great role in cultivating plants especially in urban areas, where very limited space available and water scarcity area.
Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Planting Methods on Growth and Yield of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Jesiya Khwairakpam , Umesha C. , Meshram M. R. , Akash Khwairakpam
Published: May 2022

Background: Compared to other types of rice, black rice  has the highest protein content vitamins and minerals. Black rice contains essential amino acids like lysine, tryptophan; vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, folic acid; and it is a good source of minerals including iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus and selenium.

Objectives: Impact of nitrogen levels and planting methods on black rice growth and production.

Methods:  A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. under randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments of which treatments (T1-T9) with different combination of nitrogen along with different planting meathods which are replicated thrice.

Conclusion: The treatment Nitrogen at 75 kg/ha nitrogen + SRI  method recorded maximum. Plant height (118.13 cm), number of tillers/hill (11.00), plant dry weight (31.62 g/plant), number of panicles per hill (10.83), number of grains per panicle (196.70), number of filled grains per panicle (116.33), grain yield (4.61 t/ha) and straw yield (11.38 t/ha). Because the findings are based on research conducted during a single season, they may be repeated for further confirmation.
Potassium Releasing Bacteria for Unlocking Soil Potassium- A Way Forward for Judicious Use of Chemical Fertilizers
Authors: Bright Jeberlin Prabina , Baby Andrea Susan , Thankappan Sugitha , George Aniya Susan , Maheshwari Hemant S. , Nataraj Rajinimala , Judson Shakina , Binodh Asish K.
Published: May 2022

Potassium (K) is one of the essential macronutrients required for the plants and its availability to plants is hampered due to its fixation with other ions. The Potassium Releasing Micro-organisms (KRMs) present in the soil are capable of converting the fixed form of potassium into an available form of K for the plants to uptake. Most commonly present potash releasing bacteria in rhizosphere soil belong to phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. These microbes produce organic acids, siderophores, biofilms for converting the insoluble K into a soluble form. They also produce some of the plant growth hormones, apart from providing abiotic and biotic stress resistance which results in enhanced yield and quality traits of the crop. The use of KRMs as bio-fertilizer could decrease the level of application of chemical fertilizers and thereby reduce the excess accumulation of potassium in the soil. The presence of sufficient numbers of Potash Releasing Bacteria (KRB) in the soil would ease the potassium transformation processes.
Perceptional Study of Beneficiaries and Non-beneficiaries towards Rythu Bandhu Scheme (RBS) in Telangana State: An Insight From Nalgonda District, India
Authors: Sneha V. , Janaiah Aldas , Alibaba Md. , Chary D. Srinivasa
Published: May 2022

Among all the farm inputs, credit is considered as the major input for the development of the agricultural sector of any country or state. Recognizing this importance, Telangana government came up with the new direct investment scheme to support farmers during Kharif 2018-19 titled as Rythu Bandhu scheme (RBS). The present research study aimed at evaluating the perception of the beneficiary farmers as well as tenant farmers and agricultural labourers who are non-beneficiaries of the scheme. The sample of the study contains 120 beneficiary farmers, 40 tenant farmers and 40 agricultural labourers from the Nalgonda district of Telangana state. A Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select mandals and villages from the selected District. An integrated analytical approach was followed to analyze the data to arrive at meaningful conclusions. About 50% of beneficiary farmers opined that RBS scheme has reduced dependency on private loans. Most of the respondents are with an opinion that RBS should be limited only to small farmers with less than 5 acres land as large farmers are self- sufficient financially. Most of tenant farmers and agricultural labourers expressed that RBS should also be extended to tenant farmers as their cost of cultivation is higher than land owning farmers due to lease rent.
Potassium Forms in Brown Sarson Growing Soils in District Kupwara, Kashmir
Authors: Chesti M. H. , Mir Shakeel A. , Khan Inayat Mustafa , Baligah Hujjat Ul , Mir Aamir H. , Qadri Tabasum N. , Bhat M. Auyoub
Published: May 2022

Distribution of different forms of potassium and their correlation with soil physico-chemical  properties was studied in Brown Sarson growing soils of district Kupwara. The study was carried out to pave a way for drafting proper fertilization plan keeping in view the importance of potassium for crops and reluctance of farmers in applying the same. The study area was divided into two regions i: e upper belt and lower belt and surface soil samples (0-25 cm), ten from each belt were collected for analysis. The soil samples collected were studied for potassium forms and physico- chemical properties. The soils analyzed were clay loam to loamy in texture and acidic to neutral in reaction. The organic carbon content was higher in lower belts as compared to upper belts. The potassium fractions followed an order total-K > lattice-K > acid soluble-K > non exchangeable- K> available-K> exchangeable-K> water soluble-K. All forms of K were positively correlated to organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and clay content and negatively correlated with pH and calcium carbonate.
The transcription factor C/EBPβ promotes vascular endothelial growth factor A expression and neural stem cell expansion
Authors: Li Yinghui , Schor Jonathan , Bartko Jonathan , Albert George , Halterman Marc W.
Published: May 2022

The bZIP transcription factor CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBPβ) exhibits neurogenic, neuritogenic, and pro‐survival effects in the central nervous system. Here, we show that C/EBPβ regulates neural stem cell (NSC) expansion and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) level by acting on a C/EBPβ‐responsive element within the Vegf‐a promoter. As predicted, C/EBPβ depletion reduced VEGF‐A production, NSC number, and average neurosphere size in proliferating cultures. Conversely, deletion of the C/EBPβ repressor CHOP‐10 induced C/EBPβ and VEGF‐A expression, while stimulating NSC expansion. These data highlight the role of C/EBPβ in regulating VEGF‐A production and the growth of NSCs and suggest CHOP‐dependent antagonism of C/EBPβ may function as a transcriptional rheostat linking stress‐associated cues with stem cell quiescence among other pathological responses affecting the neurogenic niche.
Optical Enhancement of Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films using Infrared Picosecond Direct Laser Interference Patterning
Authors: Heffner Herman , Soldera Marcos , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: May 2022

Surface texturization of Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCOs) is a well‐known strategy to enhance the light‐trapping capabilities of thin‐film solar cells and thus, to increase their power conversion efficiency. Herein, the surface modification of fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) using picosecond infrared direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is presented. The surface characterization exhibits periodic microchannels, which act as diffraction gratings yielding an increase in the average diffuse transmittance up to 870% in the spectral range of 400–1000 nm. Despite the one dimensionality of the microstructures, the films did not acquire a significant anisotropic electrical behavior, but a partial deterioration of their conductivity is observed as a result of the removal of conductive material. This work proposes the feasibility of trading off a portion of the electrical conductivity to obtain a substantial improvement in the optical performance.
Effect of SiC Particles Content on Microstructure and Shear Strength of the Al2O3/Zn5Al−xSiC/2024Al Joint
Authors: Li Haijun , Li Yuxiang , Chen Chao
Published: May 2022

Zn5Al−xSiC composite solder was used to join Al2O3 ceramic and 2024Al with ultrasonic‐assisted soldering process. Before the soldering of Al2O3 ceramic and 2024Al, the Al2O3 ceramics were wetted by molten Zn5Al solder under the action of ultrasonic. In the process of ultrasonic wetting, Al element in Zn5Al solder and O element are formed Al2O3 on the Al2O3 ceramic surface. SiC particles are mixed with molten metal at 420 °C by mechanical agitation. SiC particles effectively prevent solder from shrinking during cooling. In the soldered seam, Zn element diffuses to 2024Al base metal along the grain boundary and dissolves the Al grains in 2024Al to form a diffusion layer in the soldered seam. At the same time, SiC particles refine the microstructure grain in the soldered seam and strengthens the mechanical properties of the solder. The Al2O3/Zn5Al‐7 wt% SiC/2024Al joint strength is up to 66 Mpa, which was increased by 70% compared with Al2O3/Zn5Al/2024Al joint (39 MPa). However, the strength of the Al2O3/Zn5Al‐9 wt% SiC/2024Al joint drops sharply to 23 MPa. Excessive SiC particles formed agglomerates inside the solder and reduced the fluidity of the solder.
Characterization of Sintered Niobium–Alumina Refractory Composite Granules Synthesized by Castable Technology
Authors: Zienert Tilo , Endler Dirk , Brachhold Nora , Weiner Max , Schmidtchen Matthias , Prahl Ulrich , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: May 2022

Aggregates of niobium–alumina refractory composites are characterized, which are produced by a castable technology followed by a crushing process. Phase separation between niobium and corundum is found for the obtained aggregate classes and the impurity phases NbO and β–Nb2C are present according to X‐ray diffraction measurements. Among the studied aggregate classes, niobium shows differences in chemistry expressed by the corresponding lattice parameters. The determined morphology and roughness parameters show that the synthesized aggregates are not substantial different independent of their density and porosity.
2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide with Increased Entropy for Piezoelectric Electronics
Authors: Chen Yulong , Tian Ziao , Wang Xiang , Ran Nian , Wang Chen , Cui Anyang , Lu Huihui , Zhang Miao , Xue Zhongying , Mei Yongfeng , Chu Paul K. , Liu Jianjun , Hu Zhigao , Di Zengfeng
Published: May 2022

Piezoelectricity in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has attracted considerable interest because of their excellent flexibility and high piezoelectric coefficient compared to conventional piezoelectric bulk materials. However, the ability to regulate the piezoelectric properties is limited because the entropy is constant for certain binary TMDs other than multielement ones. Herein, in order to increase the entropy, a ternary TMDs alloy, Mo1−xWxS2, with different W concentrations, is synthesized. The W concentration in the Mo1−xWxS2 alloy can be controlled precisely in the low‐supersaturation synthesis and the entropy can be tuned accordingly. The Mo0.46W0.54S2 alloy (x = 0.54) has the highest configurational entropy and best piezoelectric properties, such as a piezoelectric coefficient of 4.22 pm V−1 and a piezoelectric output current of 150 pA at 0.24% strain. More importantly, it can be combined into a larger package to increase the output current to 600 pA to cater to self‐powered applications. Combining with excellent mechanical durability, a mechanical sensor based on the Mo0.46W0.54S2 alloy is demonstrated for real‐time health monitoring.
Intraparticle Macromolecular Migration Alters the Structure and Function of Proteins Reversibly Immobilized on Porous Microbeads
Authors: Diamanti Eleftheria , Arana‐Peña Sara , Ramos‐Cabrer Pedro , Comino Natalia , Carballares Diego , Fernandez‐Lafuente Roberto , López‐Gallego Fernando
Published: May 2022

While migration of reversibly immobilized proteins across the volume of supports is investigated in conditions where an external force is applied or under fluid flow conditions, their passive migration upon sample storage and its effect on the protein functionality remain unexplored. Understanding such intraparticle macromolecular migration is essential to develop protein functionalized biomaterials with a longer life span. This work investigates the spatiotemporal migration of His‐tagged immobilized fluorescent proteins inside porous agarose microbeads under different storage conditions. A tool that assesses the intraparticle protein migration across the surface of the porous supports is developed. Differences in migration patterns between different proteins suggest that binding dynamics between proteins and their supports play a key role in their migration. The effect of macromolecular migration on the functional and structural properties of bound proteins and enzymes is also explored. Therefore, single‐particle measurements to understand how the migration process affects the functionality of immobilized enzymes are performed. Evaluating protein migration and understanding the reason behind such phenomena allows gaining control over immobilization processes and design immobilization chemistries that either prevent or promote intraparticle macromolecular diffusion upon storage, depending on the desired final application.
Electrophoretic‐Driven In Situ Polymerization Depositing High‐Quality Perovskite Films for Photodetectors
Authors: Yan Wei , Shen Jianhua , Wang Yu , Wen Zhen , Chen Cheng , Zhu Yihua , Li Chunzhong
Published: May 2022

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have wide applications in optoelectronic devices due to their excellent stability and processability. However, PQD films are still seeking to overcome the problems of disorder and porosity. This seriously hinders the carrier transport and the application of PQDs in photodetectors (PDs). In this work, the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method is employed to fabricate PQDs with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as the ligands, and the highly oriented and dense films are obtained. In addition, CLA molecules can polymerize during electrophoresis, which shortens the quantum dot spacing. It facilitates carrier transport while improving the stability of the film. PDs prepared by electrophoresis have a high detectivity (D*) up to 5.1 × 1012 Jones, which is 3.9 times higher than PDs prepared by spin coating (1.3 × 1012 Jones) and reaches the highest record under the same conditions. In addition, the device exhibits a remarkable stability, maintaining 95% of the initial performance when left in the air for 3 months. This work provides a new perspective on the assembly of PQDs in the application of optoelectronic devices.
Self‐Straining Nanocrystals Strategy: Temperature and Pressure Co‐Induced Phase Transitions of CsPbBr3 in Amorphous Matrices
Authors: Zheng Ruilin , Ueda Jumpei , Li Jiyao , Shinozaki Kenji , Fan Zeyu , Horike Satoshi , Tanabe Setsuhisa
Published: May 2022

Understanding temperature and pressure co‐induced structural evolution of nanocrystals (NCs) is important for the design and application of heterostructure devices. However, the phase transition and band structure change are difficult to be analyzed under temperature and negative pressure co‐induced conditions. Here, an adjustable self‐straining strategy to control the temperature and pressure co‐induced phase transitions of NCs in amorphous matrices is reported. The synchronous pressure regulation, based on the thermal expansion mismatch between the NCs and the amorphous matrix, can be achieved by changing a single temperature variable. Two new phase transition processes of CsPbBr3 NCs, including monoclinic‐orthorhombic and reversible amorphization, are clarified for the first time using the proposed self‐straining strategy. Besides, all the phase transition temperatures of the self‐straining NCs show a high sensitivity response to the pressure regulation. Most importantly, the encapsulation of CsPbBr3 NCs in an amorphous matrix excludes the effect of external environments allowing the elucidation of the widely existing “self‐straining effect” in the NCs with heterogeneous structures. This work provides a better fundamental understanding of the phase transitions of NCs and paves the way toward the development of an in situ method to predict the multiphysics co‐induced structural evolution of NCs in optoelectronic devices.
Nanostructured Intermetallic Nickel Silicide (Pre)Catalyst for Anodic Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Selective Dehydrogenation of Primary Amines
Authors: Mondal Indranil , Hausmann J. Niklas , Vijaykumar Gonela , Mebs Stefan , Dau Holger , Driess Matthias , Menezes Prashanth W.
Published: May 2022

The development of novel earth‐abundant metal‐based catalysts to accelerate the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for the process of large‐scale production of green hydrogen. To solve this bottleneck, herein, a simple one‐pot colloidal approach is reported to yield crystalline intermetallic nickel silicide (Ni2Si), which results in a promising precatalyst for anodic OER. Subsequently, an anodic‐coupled electrosynthesis for the selective oxidation of organic amines (as sacrificial proton donating agents) to value‐added organocyanides is established to boost the cathodic reaction. A partial transformation of the Ni2Si intermetallic precatalyst generates a porous nickel(oxy)hydroxide phase modified with oxidic silicon species as unequivocally demonstrated by a combination of quasi in situ Raman and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy as well as ex situ methods. The activated form of the catalyst generates a geometric current density of 100 mA cm−2at an overpotential (η100) of 348 mV displaying long‐term durability over a week and high efficiency in paired electrolysis.
A Multifaceted Ferrocene Interlayer for Highly Stable and Efficient Lithium Doped Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Webb Thomas , Liu Xueping , Westbrook Robert J.E. , Kern Stefanie , Sajjad Muhammad T. , Jenatsch Sandra , Jayawardena K. D. G. Imalka , Perera W. Hashini K. , Marko Igor P. , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Li Bowei , Yavari Mozhgan , Scurr David J. , Alexander Morgan R. , Macdonald Thomas J. , Haque Saif A. , Sweeney Stephen J. , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2022

Over the last decade, 2,2″,7,7″‐Tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) has remained the hole transporting layer (HTL) of choice for producing high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, PSCs incorporating spiro‐OMeTAD suffer significantly from dopant induced instability and non‐ideal band alignments. Herein, a new approach is presented for tackling these issues using the functionality of organometallocenes to bind to Li+ dopant ions, rendering them immobile and reducing their impact on the degradation of PSCs. Consequently, significant improvements are observed in device stability under elevated temperature and humidity, conditions in which ion migration occurs most readily. Remarkably, PSCs prepared with ferrocene retain 70% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after a period of 1250 h as compared to only 8% in the control. Synergistically, it is also identified that ferrocene improves the hole extraction yield at the HTL interface and reduces interfacial recombination enabling PCEs to reach 23.45%. This work offers a pathway for producing highly efficient spiro‐OMeTAD devices with conventional dopants via addressing the key challenge of dopant induced instability in leading PSCs.
Design Rationale and Device Configuration of Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Liang Jiaxing , Wang Da‐Wei
Published: May 2022

Lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are a game‐changer for high‐performance electrochemical energy storage technologies. Despite the many recent reviews on the materials development for LICs, the design principles for the LICs configuration, the possible development roadmap from academy to industry has not been adequately discussed. Systematic understanding of device development is the foundation to more efficient utilization of advanced LICs materials. This review focuses on the principle of the recent configurations of LICs, the device design rationales, and new prelithiation techniques that are an integral part in LIC design. The authors also comment on the new generation multifunctional LICs that are capable of meeting the emerging applications in flexible electronics and other modern technologies. Finally, the status of LICs is presented and several key take‐home messages about minimizing the gaps between academic and industry requirements are proposed.
“Sandwich” Diimine‐Copper Catalysts for C−H Functionalization by Carbene Insertion
Authors: Klimovica Kristine , Heidlas Julius X. , Romero Irvin , Le Thanh V. , Daugulis Olafs
Published: May 2022

We report here “sandwich” diimine‐copper(I) catalysts for C(sp3)−H bond functionalization. Reactions of alkanes and ethers with trimethylsilyldiazomethane, ethyl diazoacetate, and trifluoromethyl‐diazomethane have been demonstrated. We also report C(sp3)−H bond methylation, benzylation, and diphenylmethylation by diazomethane, aryldiazomethanes, and diphenyldiazomethane. These reactions are rare examples of base‐metal catalyzed, intermolecular C(sp3)−H functionalizations by employing unactivated diazo compounds. Electrophilicity and unique steric environment of “sandwich”‐copper catalysts are likely reasons for their catalytic efficiency.
Concise Synthesis of Tunicamycin V and Discovery of a Cytostatic DPAGT1 Inhibitor
Authors: Mitachi Katsuhiko , Mingle David , Effah Wendy , Sánchez‐Ruiz Antonio , Hevener Kirk E. , Narayanan Ramesh , Clemons William M. , Sarabia Francisco , Kurosu Michio
Published: May 2022

A short total synthesis of tunicamycin V (1), a non‐selective phosphotransferase inhibitor, is achieved via a Büchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck type reaction. Tunicamycin V can be synthesized in 15 chemical steps from D‐galactal with 21 % overall yield. The established synthetic scheme is operationally very simple and flexible to introduce building blocks of interest. The inhibitory activity of one of the designed analogues 28 against human dolichyl‐phosphate N‐acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1 (DPAGT1) is 12.5 times greater than 1. While tunicamycins are cytotoxic molecules with a low selectivity, the novel analogue 28 displays selective cytostatic activity against breast cancer cell lines including a triple‐negative breast cancer.
Selective CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 via Pdδ+‐Assisted Hydrodeoxygenation over CeO2 Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Zhu Juncheng , Zu Xiaolong , Wu Yang , Shang Shu , Ling Peiquan , Qiao Panzhe , Liu Chengyuan , Hu Jun , Pan Yang , Zhu Junfa , Sun Yongfu , Xie Yi
Published: May 2022

Here, noble‐metal‐doped two‐dimensional metal oxide nanosheets are designed to realize selective CO2 photoreduction to CH4. As a prototype, Pd‐doped CeO2 nanosheets are fabricated, where the active sites of Pdδ+ (2<δ<4) and Ce3+−Ov are revealed by quasi in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectra and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectra. Moreover, in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectra of D2O photodissociation and desorption verify the existence of the Pd−OD bond, implying that Pdδ+ sites can participate in water oxidation to deliver H* species for facilitating the protonation of the intermediates. Furthermore, theoretical calculations suggest the Pd doping could regulate the formation energy barrier of the key intermediates CO* and CH3O*, thus making CO2 reduction to CH4 become the favorable process. Accordingly, Pd‐doped CeO2 nanosheets achieve nearly 100 % CH4 selectivity of CO2 photoreduction, with the raising CH4 evolution rate of 41.6 μmol g−1 h−1.
Regioselective Fluoroalkylphosphorylation of Unactivated Alkenes by Radical‐Mediated Alkoxyphosphine Rearrangement**
Authors: Xie Dong‐Tai , Chen Hong‐Lei , Wei Dian , Wei Bang‐Yi , Li Zheng‐Hu , Zhang Jian‐Wu , Yu Wei , Han Bing
Published: May 2022

A novel distal radical rearrangement of alkoxyphosphine is developed for the first time and applied to the regioselective radical fluoroalkylphosphorylation of unactivated olefins. By employing a one‐pot two‐step reaction of (bis)homoallylic alcohols, organophosphine chlorides, and fluoroalkyl iodides under CFL (compact fluorescence light) irradiation, a series of fluoroalkylphosphorylated alkyl iodides and alcohols are easily synthesized by regiospecific installing a phosphonyl onto the inner carbon of terminal olefins and further iodination/hydroxylation. Mechanism studies reveal that the migration undergoes a distinctive radical cyclization/β‐scission on the lone electron pair of phosphorus, resulting in C−P bond formation and C−O bond cleavage.
Directing the Morphology, Packing, and Properties of Chiral Metal–Organic Frameworks by Cation Exchange**
Authors: Nasi Hadar , Chiara di Gregorio Maria , Wen Qiang , Shimon Linda J. W. , Kaplan‐Ashiri Ifat , Bendikov Tatyana , Leitus Gregory , Kazes Miri , Oron Dan , Lahav Michal , van der Boom Milko E.
Published: May 2022

We show that metal–organic frameworks, based on tetrahedral pyridyl ligands, can be used as a morphological and structural template to form a series of isostructural crystals having different metal ions and properties. An iterative crystal‐to‐crystal conversion has been demonstrated by consecutive cation exchanges. The primary manganese‐based crystals are characterized by an uncommon space group (P622). The packing includes chiral channels that can mediate the cation exchange, as indicated by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy on microtome‐sectioned crystals. The observed cation exchange is in excellent agreement with the Irving–Williams series (Mn<Fe<Co<Ni< Cu>Zn) associated with the relative stability of the resulting coordination nodes. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the metal cation controls the optical and magnetic properties. The crystals maintain their morphology, allowing a quantitative comparison of their properties at both the ensemble and single‐crystal level.
Silicon‐Stereogenic Monohydrosilane: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Wu Yichen , Wang Peng
Published: May 2022

Optically active organosilanes have been demonstrated to be versatile chiral reagents in synthetic chemistry since the early seminal contributions by Sommer and Corriu. Among these silicon‐containing chiral architectures, monohydrosilanes, which bear a Si−H bond, hold a unique position because of their facile transformations through stereospecific Si–carbon or Si–heteroatom bond‐formation reactions. In addition, those compounds have also been leveraged as chiral reagents for alcohol resolution, chiral auxiliaries, mechanistic probes, as well as potential optoelectronic materials. This Minireview comprehensively summarizes the synthesis and synthetic applications of silicon‐stereogenic monohydrosilanes, particularly the advances in the transition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of this class of functional molecules.
Ein planarer aromatischer Fünfring stabilisiert durch nur zwei π‐Elektronen
Authors: Kysliak Oleksandr , Schreiner Simon H. F. , Grabicki Niklas , Liebing Phil , Weigend Florian , Dumele Oliver , Kretschmer Robert
Published: May 2022

Viele der heute bekannten Chemikalien sind teilweise oder vollständig aromatisch, da ein Ringgerüst durch die Delokalisierung von π‐Elektronen eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung erfährt. Während aromatische Ringe mit gleicher Anzahl an π‐Elektronen und Ringatomen wie beispielsweise Benzol besonders stabil sind, sind solche mit den mindestens erforderlichen zwei π‐Elektronen sehr selten und blieben bislang auf drei‐ und viergliedrige Ringe beschränkt, sofern sie nicht in der Koordinationssphäre von Schwermetallen stabilisiert wurden. Hier berichten wir über die einfache Synthese eines Dikaliumcyclopentagallens, ein einzigartiges Beispiel für einen fünfgliedrigen aromatischen Ring, der durch nur zwei π‐Elektronen stabilisiert wird. Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse ergab einen planaren Ga5‐Ring mit nahezu gleichen Gallium–Gallium‐Bindungslängen, was zusammen mit spektroskopischen und theoretischen Daten dessen aromatischen Charakter untermauert. Unsere Ergebnisse belegen, dass die aromatische Stabilisierung weit über das hinausgeht, was bisher als minimale π‐Elektronenzahl für fünfatomige Ringfragmente angenommen wurde.
Exploring the Influence of Inter‐ and Intra‐crystal Diversity of Surface Barriers in Zeolites on Mass Transport by Using Super‐Resolution Microimaging of Time‐Resolved Guest Profiles
Authors: Peng Shichao , Xie Yiwei , Wang Linying , Liu Wenjuan , Li Hua , Xu Zhaochao , Ye Mao , Liu Zhongmin
Published: May 2022

The applications of nanoporous crystalline materials are closely related to the mass transfer of guest molecules. However, the fundamental knowledge of mass transfer, and in particular the surface barriers controlled by the permeation of guest molecules through the external surfaces of materials, is still incomplete. The diversity of surface permeability at the single‐crystal level, caused by the varying origins of surface transport resistance, hinders the rational materials design and needs better understanding. Herein, we probe the molecular transport in single zeolite crystals with fluorescent 4‐(4‐diethylaminostyryl‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide) (DAMPI) using super‐resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM). It showed that both the inter‐ and intra‐crystal diversity of surface barriers could be monitored by detecting the diffusion behaviors on the center and surface planes in single crystals. This adds a new perspective for studying the origins of the surface barriers as well as the molecular transport mechanisms in nanoporous materials.
Synthesis of a new adsorbent poly(allylisothiocyanate‐co‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate‐co‐vinylimidazole) via photopolymerization: Characterization and investigation of heavy metal adsorption capacity
Authors: Saltan Fehmi , Saltan Gözde Murat
Published: May 2022

We report the copolymerization synthesis of novel poly(allylisothiocyanate‐co‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate‐co‐vinylimidazole) (PAHV) adsorbents for potential applications in the heavy metal removals. In the present study, the copolymerization reaction was introduced by photopolymerization using benzophenone as the photoinitiator. The chemical structure in the PAHV adsorbents was monitored and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance, andX‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Surface analysis and molecular weight distribution of PAHV adsorbents were performed by scanning electron microscopy and gel permeation chromatography analysis, respectively. The adsorption method, which is one of the most effective techniques, was used for the elimination of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions in this study. In order to understand the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of heavy metal ions by PAHV, the effects of pH value and monomer ratio in the adsorbents were investigated. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry device was used for these analyses. The optimum pH values for adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of heavy metal ions have been 6–8. The removal efficiency of heavy metal ions by the various PAHV adsorbents decreased in the order: Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Co3+ > Cr3+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+.
Recent progress of mechanism of mineralization process induced by Ta2O5/PCL scaffolds
Authors: Gao Chen , Jiang Junbo , Wang Juan , Wang Yutong , Zhang Yangyang , Rao Caihua , Cheng Yue , Chen Zhongrong , Yang Runhuai , Zhao Gang
Published: May 2022

Mineralization of hydroxyapatite mineralized by acidic metal oxides has attracted substantial research interest in the research and development of orthopedic substitutes. In this study, Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers with nano‐tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) were successfully fabricated through electrospinning. The scaffold simulates the mineralization process of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid. However, in the process of mineralization, there is a chemical reaction between hydrophobic scaffolds and acid oxides, which is believed to have a significant impact on the biological effects of the scaffolds. The results of SEM, EDS, XRD, Mapping, FTIR, GPC, 13CNMR, and 1HNMR explain the principle of hydroxyapatite mineralization by Ta2O5 and the reason why the composite scaffold is blurred, that is, the carbonyl carbon of PCL attacked by the surface hydroxyl groups of Ta2O5 to catalyze its ring‐opening polymerization to synthesize PCL/Ta2O5 nanocomposites in one step. In order to accurately explore the effect of this reaction on the metabolism of biological macromolecules in the future, we provide a detailed route of Ag Nanoparticles ‐Dimercaptosuccinic acid@Transcription activator (AgNPs‐DMSA@TAT) probe synthesis. The results provide a reference for the sedimentation of hydroxyapatite induced by acid oxides and its effect on traditional electrospun fiber scaffolds.
Reducing dynamic heat build‐up of styrene butadiene rubber/carbon black by filling aramid pulp coated with natural rubber latex
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Ji Yongchun , Luo Zhu , Zhang Hao , Zhong Jincheng , Liang Jiuming
Published: May 2022

The manufacture of green tires with low heat build‐up has attracted extensive attention. Furthermore, the trouble to solve the problem of rubber failure caused by tires dynamic heat build‐up is a great challenge faced by the automotive tire industry. In this article, a method of preparing styrene butadiene rubber/carbon black/aramid pulp‐natural rubber latex (SBR/CB/AP‐NRL) composites was described in detail, which used AP coated with NRL to fill SBR/CB. A flexible interface layer was constructed between fibers and rubber matrix, making for forming a large specific surface area of the NRL. The mechanism of reducing heat build‐up of the rubber composite through “deforming transformation” in the flexible interface layer was discussed. In addition, the NRL interface layer contributed to the dispersion of the AP in the rubber matrix and the good interfacial bonding between AP and the rubber matrix. In the experiment of replacing a part of CB with a certain content of AP‐NRL, it was found that the temperature rise of the rubber composites decreased by 8.33% with 1 phr modified AP replacing 5 phr CB. The strategy of reducing dynamic heat build‐up of rubber composite provides a new idea for the development of green tire.
Novel isoxazoline‐linked 1,3,4‐thiadiazole hybrids as anticancer agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Oubella Ali , Byadi Said , Bimoussa Abdoullah , Fawzi Mourad , Auhmani Aziz , Podlipnik Crtomir , Morjani Hamid , Riahi Abdelkhalek , Robert Anthony , Itto My Youssef A.
Published: May 2022

In the current study, natural (R)‐carvone was utilized as a starting material for the efficient synthesis of two series of isoxazoline derivatives bearing the 1,3,4‐thiadiazole moiety. The new compounds were obtained in good yields and were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and HRMS analysis. The newly synthesized monoterpenic isoxazoline 1,3,4‐thiadiazole and their thiosemicarbazone intermediate derivatives were evaluated for their anticancer activity in four cancer cell lines (HT‐1080, A‐549, MCF‐7, and MDA‐MB‐231). Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to high anticancer effects. Compound 13c showed the highest anticancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 19.33 ± 1.81 to 34.81 ± 3.03 µM. Further investigation revealed that compounds 12e and 13c could inhibit the cell growth of HT‐1080 and MCF‐7 cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase‐3/7 activation. The apoptotic effect was accompanied by an S phase and G2/M cell cycle arrest for 13c and 12e, respectively. Compounds 12e and 13c were assessed in silico using molecular docking and molecular dynamics. We found that compound 13c is moderately active against the caspase‐3 protein, which triggers apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic routes, making compound 13c a promising candidate to activate the proapoptotic protein (caspase‐3).
At the crossroads of logics: Automating newswork with artificial intelligence—(Re)defining journalistic logics from the perspective of technologists
Authors: Sirén‐Heikel Stefanie , Kjellman Martin , Lindén Carl‐Gustav
Published: May 2022

As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies become more ubiquitous for streamlining and optimizing work, they are entering fields representing organizational logics at odds with the efficiency logic of automation. One such field is journalism, an industry defined by a logic enacted through professional norms, practices, and values. This paper examines the experience of technologists developing and employing natural language generation (NLG) in news organizations, looking at how they situate themselves and their technology in relation to newswork. Drawing on institutional logics, a theoretical framework from organizational theory, we show how technologists shape their logic for building these emerging technologies based on a theory of rationalizing news organizations, a frame of optimizing newswork, and a narrative of news organizations misinterpreting the technology. Our interviews reveal technologists mitigating tensions with journalistic logic and newswork by labeling stories generated by their systems as nonjournalistic content, seeing their technology as a solution for improving journalism, enabling newswork to move away from routine tasks. We also find that as technologists interact with news organizations, they assimilate elements from journalistic logic beneficial for benchmarking their technology for more lucrative industries.
Downregulation of TGIF2 is possibly correlated with neuronal apoptosis and autism‐like symptoms in mice
Authors: Lei Jing , Deng Yijue , Ma Songdong
Published: May 2022

Background

TGFB‐induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2) has been reported to exert essential functions in brain development. This study aimed to elucidate the correlation of TGIF2 with autism, a neurodevelopmental condition which presents with severe communication problems.

Methods

An autism‐related gene expression dataset GSE36315 was used to analyze aberrantly expressed genes in autistic brain tissues. Maternal mice were treated with valproate (VPA), and their offspring were selected as model mice with autism. The functions of TGIF2 in autism‐like symptoms in mice were examined by behavioral tests and histological examination of their hippocampal tissues. Mouse hippocampal neurons were extracted for in vitro studies. A gene set enrichment analysis was performed to analyze the signaling pathways involved, and the upstream factors influencing TGIF2 expression were explored in the ENCODE database and validated by ChIP‐qPCR assays.

Results

TGIF2 was poorly expressed in autistic patients in the GSE36315 dataset as well as in the temporal cortex tissues of autistic mice. Adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of TGIF2 suppressed autism‐like symptoms and neuronal apoptosis in autistic mice. TGIF2 activated the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. TGIF2 could be regulated by monomethylation of histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4me1). The histone demethylase LSD1 was highly expressed in the tissues of autistic mice and bound to TGIF2 promoter, which was possibly responsible for TGIF2 downregulation.

Conclusion

This research suggests that the downregulation of TGIF2, possibly regulated by LSD1/H3K4me1, is correlated with neuronal apoptosis and development of autism in mice through the inactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis for the Screening of Novel Azoreductases and Their Preferred Electron Donor
Authors: Rolf Jascha , Ngo Anna Christina Reyes , Lütz Stephan , Tischler Dirk , Rosenthal Katrin
Published: May 2022

Azoreductases are potent biocatalysts for the cleavage of azo bonds. Various gene sequences coding for potential azoreductases are available in databases, but many of their gene products are still uncharacterized. To avoid the laborious heterologous expression in a host organism, we developed a screening approach involving cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) combined with a colorimetric activity assay, which allows the parallel screening of putative azoreductases in a short time. First, we evaluated different CFPS systems and optimized the synthesis conditions of a model azoreductase. With the findings obtained, 10 azoreductases, half of them undescribed so far, were screened for their ability to degrade the azo dye methyl red. All novel enzymes catalyzed the degradation of methyl red and can therefore be referred to as azoreductases. In addition, all enzymes degraded the more complex and bulkier azo dye Brilliant Black and four of them also showed the ability to reduce p‐benzoquinone. NADH was the preferred electron donor for the most enzymes, although the synthetic nicotinamide co‐substrate analogue 1‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) was also accepted by all active azoreductases. This screening approach allows accelerated identification of potential biocatalysts for various applications.