bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Skin Lesions Determine the Therapeutic Response of Facial Café Au Lait Macules Laser Therapy
Authors: Liu Yuanzhi , Yang Wanshan , Ding Yuan , Yang Bin , Liu Zhenfeng
Published: February 2025

Background

The efficacy of laser treatment for facial café au lait macules (CALMs) is random.

Aim

To compare the response of different characteristics of CALMs skin lesions to laser treatment.

Patients/Methods

In this single‐center retrospective case series, patients with café au lait macules who received laser treatment between 2015 and 2022 at our clinic were reviewed. A total of 319 consecutive patients were eligible and were treated with either a 755‐nm‐alexandrite picosecond laser or a quality‐switched 755‐nm‐alexandrite laser. Observers were blinded to the final patient groups. Efficacy was graded according to four levels of treatment response: poor (Grade 1, 0%–25% improvement), fair (Grade 2, 26%–50% improvement), good (Grade 3, 51%–75% improvement), and excellent (Grade 4, 76%–100% improvement). Treatment effects evaluated as Grades 2–4 were considered effective.

Results

Of the 319 patients, excellent and good responses were observed in 80 (25.08%) and 66 (20.69%) cases, respectively. Fifty‐two patients (16.30%) displayed an outcome of Grade 2 (26%–50% improvement), whereas 121 (37.93%) cases showed an outcome of Grade 1 (0%–25% improvement). The overall treatment effective rate (Grades 2–4) was 62.07%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of therapeutic efficacy with lesion distribution (segmental vs. non‐segmental CALMs) and lesion border (irregular vs. regular) (p < 0.05 for both).

Conclusions

Segmental and irregular border CALMs tended to respond well to laser therapy. Clinicians can leverage these characteristics to predict efficacy and manage patient expectations more effectively.
Broken bonds: how COVID‐19 border restrictions transformed experiences and conceptualizations of citizenship
Authors: OGG KATE
Published: February 2025

Most scholarship on human mobility in the context of COVID‐19 border restrictions is either doctrinal or focuses on health and wellbeing. This article adds to the limited research on COVID‐19 border restrictions’ socio‐political implications by uniquely investigating how these laws and policies affected experiences and conceptualizations of citizenship. I take Australia as a case study because it implemented some of the world's strictest COVID‐19 border laws. This qualitative, interview‐based study brings the citizenship and legal consciousness literatures into conversation and makes contributions to both fields. The article extends theories exploring the sentimental and existential aspects of citizenship by examining loss of citizenship as a sensation as opposed to a legal reality. The study also provides new angles on debates about ‘legal alienation’ as a distinct form of legal consciousness.
Multidimensional niche partitioning allows coexistence of multiple snake species
Authors: Sawada K. , Watanabe Y. , Kobayashi K. , Magome Y. , Abe H. , Kamijo T.
Published: February 2025

Investigations on resource use by predators are important for understanding the mechanisms of biological coexistence. Although time, habitat, and diet are considered the three major dimensions for niche partitioning, studies that comprehensively investigate these dimensions in predator guilds are limited. Snakes are one of the predators whose populations have been reported to be declining worldwide. While diet has been considered as a fundamental variable that allows snakes to coexist, the importance of spatiotemporal resources has also been noted especially in temperate regions. To clarify the coexistence mechanisms of terrestrial snakes, we assessed the niche partitioning patterns of snakes on Sado Island, a Japanese island rich in snake species, from the perspectives of spatiotemporal and dietary resources. Specifically, we investigated the daily and seasonal occurrences as temporal niches, landscape‐level distribution as a spatial niche, and stomach content as a dietary niche. We found that niche partitioning in all three major resources occurred among snake species on the island. Daily occurrence was partitioned into three groups: completely diurnal, nocturnal, and active during both periods. Seasonal occurrence was partitioned into three groups: widely active from spring to autumn, mainly active in summer, and mainly active in autumn. Distribution was partitioned into two groups: mainly distributed in lowlands and distributed even in mountainous areas. Food habits were partitioned into three groups: rodents, frogs, and earthworms as main prey, respectively. Our results provide empirical evidence that snakes can coexist through multidimensional niche partitioning, and that spatiotemporal resources are also an important force in terrestrial snake coexistence. Furthermore, we suggest that snakes on the island coexist through subtle differences along the three major niche axes, and that conservation of a variety of niches, rather than a single niche, will increase the species diversity of local snakes.
The Global Burden of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021
Authors: Tham Ethan Kai Jun , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Ng Cheng Han , Syn Nicholas , Koh Benjamin , Lim Ryan Yan Zhe , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Teng Magaret Li Peng , Nah Benjamin Kai Yi , Sim Benedix Kuan Loo , Cheng Xianda , Zhang Zixuan , Mitra Kartik , Nakamura Toru , Takahashi Hirokazu , Loomba Rohit , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Muthiah Mark , Huang Daniel Q.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aim

The burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases has changed in recent years due to shifts in the contributing aetiologies. We estimated the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, including etiological and regional differences, across 204 countries and territories from 2010 to 2021.

Approach and Results

We analysed temporal trends in the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases utilising data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We estimated annual frequencies and age‐standardised rates (ASRs) of incident cases, deaths and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) by sex, country, World Health Organisation region and its contributing aetiologies. In 2021, there were an estimated 58 417 006 incident cases, 1 425 142 deaths and 46 417 777 DALYs related to cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. From 2010 to 2021, there was a rise in age‐standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) (APC: +0.35%) but age‐standardised death rates (ASDRs) (APC: −1.74%) and age‐standardised disability‐adjusted life‐years (ASDALYs) (APC: −1.85%) declined. Cirrhosis related to metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) contributed to 48 310 981 incident cases in 2021 and was largely responsible for the overall increase in ASIRs from 2010 to 2021. Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases related to MASH were the only aetiology with a rise in ASIR (APC: +0.86%). Age‐standardised deaths related to all aetiologies of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases declined during the study period. Age‐standardised deaths and DALYs related to MASH increased in the Americas, unlike all other world regions where they declined or remained stable.

Conclusions

Age‐adjusted deaths related to cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases are declining. However, the age‐adjusted incidence of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases is increasing, driven by increases in the incidence of MASH.
The ecology of polyploid establishment and exclusion, with implications for polyploid biogeography
Authors: Osterman Wilhelm H. A. , Hagan James G. , Whitton Jeannette , Bjorkman Anne D.
Published: February 2025

The relationship between polyploid formation, triploid fitness and plant reproduction has been studied for over a century, and uniparental reproduction has long been recognized to play a crucial role in polyploid establishment. Yet, we lack a synthesized framework of how polyploid establishment is expected to be influenced by different reproductive modes among angiosperms. Here, we provide new perspectives on how uniparental reproduction, pollination ecology, triploid fitness and assortative mating can impact minority cytotype exclusion (MCE) and, thereby, the likelihood of polyploid establishment. We review the current state of knowledge of the reproductive mechanisms that impact polyploid establishment and discuss often overlooked aspects of these processes, such as the influence of pollinator communities on rates of self‐pollination. We propose a framework for considering how variation in reproductive strategies and pollinator communities can impact the ability of a polyploid to overcome MCE. Finally, we propose links between patterns of variation in uniparental reproduction across plant communities and observed patterns in the distribution and abundance of polyploids.
Evolution of sexual systems and regressive evolution in Riccia
Authors: Levins Jonathan , Paukszto Łukasz , Krawczyk Katarzyna , Maździarz Mateusz , Arch Billie C. , Cargill D. Christine , Flores‐Sandoval Eduardo , Szablińska‐Piernik Joanna , Sulima Paweł , Szczecińska Monika , Kulshrestha Samarth , Davies Kevin M. , Sawicki Jakub , Bowman John L.
Published: February 2025

The genus Riccia is the most speciose of the Marchantiopsida, the complex thalloid liverworts. In contrast to the predicted ancestral liverwort and the majority of extant liverworts that are dioicous, most Riccia species are monoicous. Both the gametophyte and the sporophyte generations have undergone regressive evolution in Riccia, with the sporophyte lacking many adaptations for spore dispersal.

Phylogenetic reconstructions suggest multiple transitions between dioicy and monoicy, and vice versa, within the Riccia. We analysed the genomes of two Riccia species and the transcriptomes of two additional Riccia species to explore the evolution of sexual systems and investigate genomic signatures of regressive evolution.

Genomic analyses suggest a transition from dioicy to monoicy at the base of the Riccia clade and a subsequent reversion to dioicy with the concomitant evolution of a new sex chromosome, followed by further transitions back to monoicy. Additionally, Riccia species exhibit significant losses of transcription factors known to control aspects of sporophyte and gametophyte development.

Comparisons with the monotypic sister genus, Ricciocarpos, suggest independent evolutions to both monoicy and reductive morphologies in the two genera. The reductive morphology has facilitated their colonization of extreme habitats but has perhaps canalized them to remain there.
Julius Kovesi and The Quartet: Another way of remaking moral philosophy
Authors: Tapper Alan
Published: February 2025

This article situates the Australian moral philosopher Julius Kovesi (1930–1989) in the context of the ‘Quartet’ of women philosophers—Iris Murdoch, Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot and Mary Midgley—with whom he was associated in various ways. His connections with the Quartet have not been documented previously, but they are not minor or incidental. Foot herself credits him with being one of the ‘members of a small band of guerrillas fighting the prevailing orthodoxy of anti‐naturalist emotivism and prescriptivism in ethics, and challenging the Humean doctrine of the gap between “is” and “ought”’. The evidence shows that Kovesi made a distinctive contribution to the reshaping of moral philosophy that the Quartet were developing. In particular, it shows him as developing a Wittgensteinian but not an Aristotelian moral philosophy.
Universal new blood cell elution method with extensive phenotyping
Authors: Caruccio Lorraine , Byrne Karen , Stroncek David F.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives

No erythrocyte elution method developed is uniformly successful or allows elution/phenotyping together. We previously developed an elution method using deionised formamide. We modified it to be universal for various cell types and call it modified formamide‐method (Fm‐method). It also preserves cells for phenotyping after elution.

Materials and Methods

Fm‐method reagent contains deionised formamide, buffered high salt, EDTA, TE. Elution‐reagent is removed by column centrifugation. Blood samples were used for development and validation. Results compared to commercial/common antibody elution/phenotyping methods.

Results

Fm‐method eluted antibodies, complement, other proteins, and nucleic acids and works with erythrocytes, leukocytes, other cells. It worked better than commercial kits used for elution/phenotyping with no false positives/negatives. It did not denature Kell and Lewis antigens and could be repeated as needed on samples to recover more antibodies and clean cells for phenotyping. Western blotting, PAGE and FCM demonstrated eluted proteins were not degraded and cells remained intact.

Conclusion

Fm‐method is excellent for elution and phenotyping and permits elution and phenotyping with one method and sample. It is useful for studies of various bound molecules and cell surface structures. It should be possible to elute various simple and complex carbohydrates as well. The Fm‐method is efficient, inexpensive, scalable, uses common reagents. It should have excellent applications in various clinical, research, commercial settings.
The search for the ultimate exercise countermeasure to preserve crew health and ensure mission success in long‐duration spaceflight
Authors: Fernandez‐Gonzalo Rodrigo , Schneider Stefan , Heer Martina , Liphardt Anna‐Maria
Published: February 2025

The current understanding of crew health maintenance is founded upon decades of physiological research conducted in terrestrial spaceflight analogues and in low Earth orbit, particularly on the International Space Station. However, as we progress towards the Lunar Gateway and interplanetary missions, it is imperative that the tools employed to maintain crew health are redefined, including the utilisation of exercise countermeasures. The successful implementation of exercise countermeasures for deep space missions must address a number of challenges, including those posed by new environments with elevated levels of cosmic radiation and solar particle events, extended mission durations and constrained space availability. In this Topical Review, the authors address points that are important (and sometimes critical), but often ignored, in order to define future exercise countermeasures for long‐duration space missions. Multi‐organ countermeasures, countermeasure enjoyment, time‐dependent load variability, the relationship between nutrition and the success of exercise countermeasures, and the individual variability in response to a given countermeasure are presented and discussed. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of important aspects that can profoundly influence the efficacy of exercise countermeasures, thereby affecting the health of the crew and the success of the mission during prolonged spaceflight.
AMCOP Bio-activators: an innovative solution in interceptive orthodontics for the treatment of malocclusions and orofacial dysfunctions
Authors: Pennacchio Benito Francesco Pio , Giorgio Roberto Vito , Cardarelli Filippo , Sguera Nicola , Del Vecchio Micaela , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Early orthodontic intervention is essential for effectively managing malocclusions and associated orofacial dysfunctions. A significant development in this area is the application of Cranium-Occluded-Postural Multifunctional Harmonizers (AMCOP) Bio-activators. These devices integrate elastodontic principles emphasizing muscle function to treat skeletal and muscular imbalances and promote ideal tooth alignment, mandibular growth, and orofacial muscle coordination. Focusing on enhancing tongue posture and swallowing function, AMCOP Bio-activators are especially useful in treating Class II and Class III malocclusions, atypical swallowing, and related muscular dysfunctions.
Because of its less invasive form, less discomfort, and ease of use, AMCOP provides more patient compliance than more conventional devices like Twin Blocks or Activators. The gadgets are appropriate for children and adults since they reduce treatment duration and provide flexibility for various stages of treatment. The effectiveness of AMCOP Bio-activators in attaining long-term improvements in muscular function and dental alignment, hence decreasing the need for more intrusive procedures, is supported by preliminary clinical evidence. This review investigates their potential in interceptive orthodontics, highlighting their advantages over conventional approaches
Exploring the potential of probiotics in preventing recurrent urogenital infections: a pilot study
Authors: Giorgio Roberto Vito , Pennacchio Benito Francesco Pio , Del Vecchio Micaela , Sguera Nicola , Cardarelli Filippo , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Urogenital infections, including bacterial vaginosis, yeast vaginitis, and urinary tract infections, affect millions of women globally, leading to complications such as infertility, chronic pain, and increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted diseases. While antibiotics remain the primary treatment, their long-term use can result in side effects and antibiotic resistance. This study investigates the potential of probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, to restore vaginal microbiota balance and reduce oxidative stress in women with recurrent urogenital infections. Forty women aged 18-50 participated in a 90-day multicentric study in Italian clinics, divided into probiotic and placebo groups. Results showed that probiotic treatment significantly increased antioxidant potential by 45.18% and decreased total oxidant capacity by 25.46%, compared to placebo. Probiotics also enhanced lactobacilli dominance, restored vaginal microbiota, and normalized epithelial health. These findings suggest that probiotics could be a safer, long-term alternative to antibiotics for managing recurrent urogenital infections, improving overall urogenital health, and reducing infection risk. Further research with larger populations and extended study periods is warranted to validate these results.
Impact of mandibular condylar fractures on masticatory muscle function: a narrative review
Authors: Lauria Pietro , Carone Claudio , Cardarelli Filippo , Sguera Nicola , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Del Vecchio Micaela , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Mandibular condylar fractures are common in maxillofacial trauma and can significantly affect both bone structure and masticatory muscle function. This review explores these fractures' biomechanical and functional consequences, focusing on their impact on masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function. The condylar region is particularly vulnerable due to its role as a fulcrum in jaw movement, making it susceptible to indirect forces from impacts, such as blows to the chin or lateral face. These fractures disrupt muscle coordination, decrease chewing efficiency, and lead to long-term neuromuscular adaptations.
The review synthesizes research on the pathophysiology of condylar fractures, highlighting changes in muscle activity, such as compensatory overuse of contralateral muscles and atrophy of the injured side. It also discusses advanced diagnostic tools, including electromyography (EMG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic jaw tracking, for evaluating the functional impact of these injuries.
Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) are reviewed as structural and functional recovery treatment strategies. The importance of rehabilitation, including physical therapy and neuromuscular reeducation, is emphasized. Finally, the review addresses the long-term challenges of chronic TMJ dysfunction and muscle imbalance, suggesting further research into regenerative medicine and personalized rehabilitation for better outcomes.
This review provides an overview of condylar fractures, offering insights into current practices and future research directions.
Emphasizing HPV infection and the molecular processes in oral cancer development
Authors: Memè Lucia , Marotti Pierluigi , Colonna Valeria , Del Vecchio Micaela , Sguera Nicola , Cardarelli Filippo , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vincentis , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

This research examines the epidemiological features and biomolecular mechanisms contributing to developing precancerous and cancerous conditions in oral lesions associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Existing literature highlights HPV's role in potentially malignant oral disorders. Consequently, the underlying biomolecular processes can initiate or contribute to benign lesions and oral carcinogenesis.
Advanced approaches to managing peri-implant mucositis: the role of chlorhexidine gel combined with ADS, PVP-VA, and sodium DNA
Authors: Memè Lucia , Colonna Valeria , Marotti Pierluigi , Del Vecchio Micaela , Cardarelli Filippo , Sguera Nicola , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vincentis , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Peri-implant mucositis is an inflammatory and bacterial condition affecting dental implants' soft tissues. Including chlorhexidine (CHX) with polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate (PVP-VA) in gel formulations enhances antibacterial properties by forming a protective film against microbial contamination and over-infection without directly impacting tissues or wounds. Sodium DNA promotes gingival tissue health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a gel containing CHX (0.5%) with an anti-discoloration system (ADS), PVP-VA, and sodium DNA, compared to a placebo gel, for treating peri-implant mucositis. A single-center randomized controlled pilot trial included 24 patients with peri-implant mucositis. Participants were assigned to two groups: Group A (n = 12) received the test gel, while Group B (n = 12) used a placebo. The primary outcome was the Plaque Index (PI), with secondary outcomes including Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and Gingival Index (GI). Measurements were taken at baseline and two weeks post-treatment. At baseline, the mean PI scores were 2.4 ± 0.4 for Group A and 2.2 ± 0.5 for Group B (p > 0.05). After two weeks, Group A significantly reduced to 0.5 ± 0.4, compared to 1.7 ± 1.9 in Group B (p < 0.05). Similarly, mean BOP decreased from 57.1 ± 15.2% to 14.3 ± 6.6% in Group A, whereas Group B showed a smaller reduction from 55.3 ± 11.7% to 45.4 ± 9.8% (p < 0.05). After two weeks, the gel containing CHX, ADS, PVP-VA, and sodium DNA demonstrated significant improvements in gingival inflammation and biofilm reduction, outperforming the placebo. This treatment could provide an effective option for managing peri-implant mucositis.
Maxillary sinus floor elevation with autologous platelet derivatives and bone grafting techniques: a narrative review
Authors: Memè Lucia , Chieppa Silvia , Nardelli Paola , Del Vecchio Micaela , Cardarelli Filippo , Sguera Nicola , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Oliveira Ferdandes Gustavo Vicentis , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

This review explores the utilization of platelet-rich products—platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF)—in maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) as a means of enhancing bone regeneration for dental implant placement. Tooth extraction frequently leads to bone loss, making augmentation essential for the success of implant-supported rehabilitation. MSFE is a common approach to restoring bone volume in the atrophic posterior maxilla. Still, limitations like restricted graft availability and the risks associated with autogenous bone harvesting have spurred interest in alternative solutions. Platelet concentrates derived from the patient’s blood, including PRP, PRF, and CGF, are abundant in growth factors such as VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1, which play critical roles in promoting osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. Among these, CGF, recognized as a third-generation platelet concentrate, exhibits superior regenerative capabilities for soft and hard tissues due to its denser fibrin matrix, surpassing PRP and PRF in performance. Combining platelet concentrates with bone graft materials has been shown to enhance regeneration, with studies highlighting the efficacy of PRP alongside xenografts or demineralized bovine bone. Furthermore, surgical techniques like the lateral window approach and adaptations such as Summer's osteotomy contribute significantly to procedural outcomes. Despite promising clinical results, further research is needed to optimize protocols, enhance cost-efficiency, and streamline procedures.
A thorough examination of short implants in dentistry
Authors: Ciccarese Danilo , Casamassima Lucia , Del Vecchio Micaela , Sguera Nicola , Cardarelli Filippo , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vincentis , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Short implants, which are dental implants that are less than 8 mm long, have revolutionized contemporary dental implantology by solving one of the most enduring problems in the field: patients who need rehabilitation but have limited bone volume. These implants remove the need for intricate surgical procedures like bone grafting and sinus lifts, providing a less invasive and more affordable option to conventional methods. With improvements in design, materials, and clinical procedures, short implants, which were once viewed with suspicion because of worries about decreased osseointegration surface area, high crown-to-implant (C/I) ratios, and possible biomechanical instability, have turned out to be a dependable option.
Short implants have been shown to lower surgical risks, recuperation times dramatically, and expenses while achieving survival rates comparable to standard-length implants. Because of their design, they can be placed in anatomically complex locations without sacrificing stability or function, such as places with low bone height or close to important structures. The main benefits are reduced problems, enhanced patient comfort, and increased accessibility for those previously put off by conventional therapies’ cost or physical requirements.Short implants' practical application in various clinical settings, from full-arch restorations to single-tooth replacements, demonstrates their adaptability. Their ability to meet functional and cosmetic needs in individuals with different anatomical limitations highlights their usefulness in modern dentistry.
Even with their effectiveness, more research is necessary to confirm long-term performance and improve restoration methods. Digital dental equipment, materials, and implant design advancements promise to enhance their effectiveness and broaden their clinical uses. In addition to marking a significant advancement in dental rehabilitation, short implants also establish a new benchmark in implantology and demonstrate a dedication to more accessible and patient-centered care.
Anticoagulant therapy: challenges and approaches in managing bleeding risks during dental procedures
Authors: Casamassima Lucia , Ciccarese Danilo , Cardarelli Filippo , Sguera Nicola , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Del Vecchio Micaela , Qorri Erda , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vincentis , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Anticoagulant therapy is essential for managing thromboembolic disorders but presents challenges in dental procedures due to bleeding risks. Agents such as vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) require careful perioperative management. Local hemostatic measures and interdisciplinary collaboration are key in ensuring patient safety. Materials and Methods: A systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, analyzing studies from 1989 to 2024. Searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science used keywords like “anticoagulant” AND “dentistry.” Inclusion criteria focused on randomized clinical trials involving human subjects, while non-English studies and reviews were excluded. The ROBINS-I tool assessed bias across selected studies.
Results: of 623 articles screened, 25 met the eligibility criteria. Findings demonstrate that local hemostatic agents, including tranexamic acid and platelet-rich fibrin, effectively control bleeding without discontinuing anticoagulants. DOACs showed safety comparable to VKAs. Variability in dentists’ knowledge emphasizes the need for education. Innovative approaches, like biomaterials and plant-based therapies, were promising.
In conclusion, local hemostatic measures and personalized care enable safe dental procedures in anticoagulated patients, minimizing thromboembolic risks. Continued education and research are essential for improving protocols and outcomes.
Occlusive barriers in bone regeneration: review of the literature
Authors: Fiore Arianna , Balestriere Liviana , Cardarelli Filippo , Sguera Nicola , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Del Vecchio Micaela , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vincentis , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Alveolar healing post-extraction is critical for implant success, especially in cases of severe bone resorption. Before implant therapy, alveolar healing was often overlooked. Today, bone augmentation techniques, including occlusive barriers, have improved bone regeneration outcomes. Customized titanium barriers, in particular, offer an innovative solution, overcoming the limitations of traditional membranes and enhancing the predictability and stability of long-term results in implant dentistry.An online literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from 1970 to 2023. The search included articles on bone regeneration, GBR (Guided Bone Regeneration), and occlusive titanium barriers. Inclusion criteria focused on recent studies and clinical cases, and information was gathered from the official websites of developers in the field.Occlusive barriers in GBR have resolved many challenges of previous techniques, such as soft tissue perforation and the need for additional surgery. Recent studies show that titanium barriers, especially those customized with CAD/CAM technology, significantly enhance bone regeneration while reducing complications. These barriers prevent collapse at the regeneration site and allow the use of temporary prostheses during healing.Occlusive titanium barriers have shown promising results for bone regeneration, overcoming the limitations of previous methods. This technique reduces the risk of perforations and complications and allows for temporary prostheses during healing. While further studies are needed, initial results indicate that occlusive barriers are highly effective, especially for vertical ridge augmentation, improving long-term implant therapy success.
Curcumin's effects on oral health: a narrative review
Authors: Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Nardelli Paola , Chieppa Silvia , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Mather , Contaldo Maria , Ferraro Giuseppe , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Curcumin, a polyphenol produced from the dried root of the Asian plant Curcuma longa, a member of the Zingiberaceae family, has long been prized for its medicinal qualities. Recent research confirms its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. Its capacity to control gut microbiota also helps mitigate the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. This review examines curcumin's potential to support oral health and its function in regulating and preventing disease processes.
Mouthwashes and gels containing curcumin have demonstrated effectiveness similar to 0.20% chlorhexidine in reducing gingivitis and bacterial plaque but with fewer adverse effects. Its hydrophobic properties increase cell membrane permeability, and when mixed with lipophilic compounds, such as piperine or olive oil, it becomes more bioavailable and facilitates absorption. Furthermore, curcumin is a good option for long-term use in oral care due to its natural nature and low toxicity. Its capacity to lessen microbial activity and inflammation in mucosal lesions and periodontal disease has also been investigated. Curcumin provides a novel, safer, and more efficient method of treating oral diseases and preserving oral hygiene.
The impact of cesarean section delivery on intestinal microbiota: mechanisms, consequences, and perspectives: a narrative review
Authors: Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Marotti Pierluigi , Colonna Valeria , Sabatelli Francesca , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Ferraro Giuseppe , Contaldo Maria , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Cesarean section (CS) delivery has become an increasingly prevalent mode of childbirth worldwide. While it is a critical intervention in specific medical scenarios, its impact on neonatal gut microbiota (GM) has raised concerns. Infants born via CS bypass exposure to maternal vaginal and intestinal microbes, resulting in a distinct and often less diverse microbial composition compared to vaginally delivered infants. This disruption, exacerbated by prophylactic antibiotic use, has been linked to long-term health consequences, including an increased risk of immune-mediated disorders such as allergies and asthma, as well as metabolic conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Breastfeeding, probiotics, and synbiotics have emerged as key interventions to mitigate microbial dysbiosis in CS-born infants. Breastfeeding supports GM by delivering human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that promote beneficial bacteria, while probiotics and synbiotics restore microbial balance and diversity. Alternative strategies, such as vaginal seeding and targeted dietary modifications, have shown potential but require further research to confirm their efficacy and safety. This narrative review underscores the complex interplay between CS delivery, microbiota, and health, highlighting the need for evidence-based interventions. By addressing microbial disruptions early, healthcare professionals can improve short- and long-term outcomes for CS-born infants, paving the way for healthier generations.
A narrative review on adhesives for composite modeling and stratification
Authors: Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Fiore Arianna , Balestriere Liviana , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Ferraro Giuseppe , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Contaldo Maria , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Adhesive dentistry has significantly advanced, enhancing the bonding of composite materials to enamel and dentin. This review focuses on using adhesives as modeling agents in composite restorations, with particular attention to the M.A.P. (Modeling and Perfected Adhesion) technique.
A literature review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, and Dialnet. Relevant studies on adhesive materials, bonding strategies, and composite modeling techniques were included.
Adhesives used as modeling liquids improved bond strength, durability, and aesthetic outcomes. Hydrophobic adhesives better resisted water absorption and color stability than hydrophilic adhesives.
The M.A.P. technique simplifies composite insertion, reducing working time and minimizing the need for extensive finishing. Hydrophobic adhesives provide superior long-term stability, while hydrophilic adhesives may face issues of solubility and discoloration. Selecting the right adhesive is critical for ensuring optimal restoration performance.
The M.A.P. technique improves adhesive bonding efficiency, offering benefits like reduced working time, enhanced cohesive strength, and cost savings. However, limitations include compatibility issues with certain adhesives and potential water absorption.
Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis: shared mechanisms and integrated care
Authors: Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Casamassima Lucia , Ciccarese Danilo , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Ferraro Giuseppe , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Contaldo Maria , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Sharing inflammatory pathways, microbial dysbiosis, and systemic immune responses are the foundations of the considerable reciprocal link between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis, two chronic inflammatory illnesses. Both conditions significantly impact patients' quality of life: periodontitis causes gradual loss of oral tissue and tooth loss, while RA causes systemic autoimmune inflammation and joint deterioration. There is growing evidence that these common inflammatory processes facilitate treatment synergy in addition to making the disease worse. In addition to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic medications (DMARDs), non-surgical periodontal therapies (NSPT) have demonstrated promise in lowering systemic inflammation and alleviating RA symptoms. Additionally, the function of microbial dysbiosis, specifically Porphyromonas gingivalis, emphasizes how crucial it is to address systemic and local inflammation to treat these disorders properly. The importance of multidisciplinary treatment solutions that combine dental and medical practices is emphasized in this paper. The dual burden of these diseases can be fully addressed by developing therapeutic paradigms and encouraging cooperation between periodontists and rheumatologists. To maximize results and enhance the general quality of life for those who are impacted, future research should concentrate on patient-centered care models, novel therapies, and customized treatment techniques.
A narrative review on the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of bruxism
Authors: Trilli Irma , Ferrante Laura , Pezzolla Carmen , Sabatelli Francesco , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Bruxism, a parafunctional habit characterized by teeth grinding and clenching, is a common condition affecting daytime and nighttime functionality. It can lead to complications, including dental wear, jaw pain, and temporomandibular joint disorders. Despite the widespread occurrence of bruxism, effective treatments remain limited. Botulinum toxin (Botox), initially introduced for cosmetic purposes, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for patients with bruxism, especially those who have not responded well to traditional treatments like occlusal splints. This review aims to examine the current literature on the use of botulinum toxin in bruxism management, focusing on its mechanisms of action, efficacy, injection protocols, and safety. Botulinum toxin exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, leading to temporary muscle paralysis and reduced muscle activity in the affected jaw muscles. Research indicates that botulinum toxin injections, particularly into the masseter and temporalis muscles, can significantly reduce muscle activity and alleviate associated pain, improving patient outcomes. Dosage and injection sites vary across studies, with most protocols involving 10–30 units per site. While botulinum toxin has demonstrated substantial efficacy in the short term, its effects typically last 3 to 6 months, requiring repeated treatments. Side effects are generally mild and transient, with muscle weakness and ptosis being the most common. Although botulinum toxin represents a valuable option for bruxism treatment, further studies are needed to optimize treatment protocols and understand long-term outcomes. This review underscores the potential of botulinum toxin as an effective, non-invasive treatment for bruxism, offering relief to patients who fail to benefit from conventional therapies.
The use of cranial electromyography in athletes
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Cazzato Gerardo , Trilli Irma , Ferrante Laura , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Shaaban Ahmed Abdelwahed , Xhajanka Edit , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Amer Islam , Almasri Maher , Sampalmieri Francesco , Bambini Fabrizio , Memè Lucia
Published: February 2025

Cranial electromyography (EMG) is an advanced diagnostic tool that provides valuable insights into the functioning of the stomatognathic system, which includes the jaws, teeth, and related musculature. This review explores the growing application of cranial EMG in sports medicine, particularly in athletes, focusing on its role in assessing neuromuscular balance and identifying underlying issues that may impact performance and overall musculoskeletal health. The stomatognathic system plays a critical role in maintaining postural stability, coordination, and strength, all of which are essential for optimal athletic performance. Imbalances in this system, such as misalignment of the bite or abnormal muscle activity, can lead to dysfunctions that compromise both posture and physical efficiency, potentially increasing the risk of injury.
Surface electromyography (sEMG) offers a non-invasive and effective means of evaluating muscle activity, revealing patterns of asymmetry and dysfunction that are often undetected through traditional clinical methods. Through its ability to monitor muscular activity in real-time, cranial EMG aids in diagnosing conditions such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, muscle fatigue, and occlusal imbalances. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool for guiding therapeutic interventions, such as occlusal splints or physical rehabilitation exercises, tailored to an athlete’s specific needs. The integration of cranial EMG with other diagnostic modalities and the development of portable EMG devices hold promise for expanding its accessibility and enhancing its role in both clinical and athletic settings. Overall, cranial EMG represents a promising avenue for optimizing athletic performance, reducing injury risk, and promoting long-term health and recovery.
Advancements in AI applications for orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Ferrante Laura , Cazzato Gerardo , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Shaaban Ahmed Abdelwahed Shaaban , Xhajanka Edit , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Amer Islam , Almasri Maher , Sampalmieri Francesco , Bambini Fabrizio , Memè Lucia
Published: February 2025

Aim: This paper explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) in orthodontics, focusing on diagnostic precision, treatment planning, and monitoring, as well as its impact on cephalometry, aligner design, and airway assessment. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of English-language studies published from January 2013 to December 2023 was conducted across four major databases—PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The studies were selected based on their relevance to AI's role in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring. Inclusion criteria focused on human subjects, AI integration in orthodontics, and comparisons between AI-based and manual approaches, while excluding non-original studies, animal research, and articles not in English. Results: AI, particularly through DL, has demonstrated a significant enhancement in orthodontic practices. AI-driven tools now automate complex tasks such as cephalometric tracing, 3D skeletal analysis, and airway volume assessment, achieving accuracy rates comparable to manual methods. AI also plays a critical role in transparent aligner design and orthodontic treatment monitoring, ensuring more personalized and efficient care. However, the integration of AI remains supportive rather than replacing clinical expertise. Conclusions: AI and DL are revolutionizing orthodontics by improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient monitoring. Despite its capabilities, AI is not a replacement for human expertise, and its effectiveness is maximized when paired with clinician judgment. Continued advancements in AI will likely yield even greater precision and patient satisfaction in orthodontic care.
The impact of COVID-19 on oral health: a narrative review with emphasis on the learned lesson from the pandemic
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Cazzato Gerardo , Trilli Irma , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Shaaban Ahmed Abdelwahed , Xhajanka Edit , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Amer Islam , Almasri Maher , Sampalmieri Francesco , Bambini Fabrizio , Memè Lucia
Published: February 2025

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has redefined healthcare practices globally, revealing intricate connections between systemic and oral health. This review explores the impact of COVID-19 on the oral cavity (O.C.), focusing on viral transmission, oral manifestations, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical implications. By examining the molecular processes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in oral tissues and the potential for therapeutic interventions, this review underscores the importance of oral hygiene and the role of dental professionals in mitigating viral spread and complications.
Investigation of the performance optimization of the low-voltage, non-magnetic, pyroelectricity-based ion pump
Authors: Cao Qing , Yang Fang , Zou Pengfei , Wu Jun , Wang Xudi , Bi Hailin , Xu Yue , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2025

This work presents a new low-voltage, magnetic-less ion pump that utilizes the pyroelectric principle. Both the electron emission and high-voltage to realize an ion pump are supplied by pyroelectric material, whose activation only requires 5 V drive voltage. Structure optimization of the pyroelectric ion pump is carried out in order to reduce outgassing during an operating period to achieve a better pumping performance. The outgassing characteristics of the optimized ion pump are investigated by simulation and experiment, and its pumping performance is experimentally tested and the pumping speed is calculated using experimental data. The results show that the outgassing of a Ti tube structure ion pump is approximately two-orders-of-magnitude lower compared to that of a Ti plate structure ion pump. The pyroelectric ion pump can further reduce the system limiting pressure from 2.8 × 10−6 Pa achieved by a turbomolecular pump unit to 1.81 × 10−6 Pa, with the estimated pumping rate of 1.6 l/s that exceeds most reported magnetic-less ion pumps. The pyroelectric ion pump demonstrates great potential in low-drive voltage, magnetic-less high-vacuum pumping for the high precision sensors using atomic interferometers technology.