bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Basic Service Infrastructure Index in Serang Regency
Authors: Hakim Agus Lukman , Ferdias Pandri , Maulana Rahmat , Qawi M. Robbi , Salmande Ali , Firdaus Siti Aina
Published: February 2025

This research aims to provide an overview and determine the basic service infrastructure index in Serang Regency.  The indicators used are access to housing and settlements, ground water and raw water, access to safe and secure drinking water and sanitation, safety and health, infrastructure protection from natural disasters and security. The research implementation time was two months. The data used is secondary data originating from performance reports of ministries, regional apparatus and BPS. The analysis technique used is basic service infrastructure index calculation. The research results show that there are still 30% of Serang Regency residents who do not have access to adequate housing; there are 30.31% who have access to clean drinking water; As many as 80.34% have access to proper sanitation; There are 71.47% who have access to hand washing facilities with soap. , 97.17% have stable national road conditions, and 24.54% of all villages have disaster-resistant communities. Second, the results of the Basic Services Infrastructure Index from 2019 to 2021 have increased (2019: 55.09; 2020: 56.08; and 2021: 58.92). This shows that the condition of basic service infrastructure managed by the Serang Regency Government is getting better.
The Leadership Performance of Social Workers in Human Services Organizations: Competency Analysis of the Head of the Research and Program Development (RPD) Department of Rumah Zakat Bandung
Authors: Aliim Tahrizi Fathul , Nulhaqim Soni Akhmad , Darwis Rudi Saprudin
Published: February 2025

Leadership in human services organizations, such as Rumah Zakat Bandung, plays a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of programs. Effective leadership includes the ability to motivate teams, manage resources, and adapt to ever-changing social and economic dynamics. This study, employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, explores the role of the Head of the Research and Program Development (RPD) Department in fostering a positive work environment and empowering team members as the primary implementers of programs. Using leadership frameworks (Healy, Covey, Senge, and Skidmore), the findings reveal that a leader's positive attitude and recognition of team contributions enhance motivation, engagement, and commitment to the organization’s mission. This results in improved individual and team performance, as well as better service quality for the community. Through close collaboration, effective communication, and ongoing capacity development, the Head of the RPD Department ensures that Rumah Zakat Bandung remains adaptive and efficient in addressing community needs while maintaining its reputation as a professional and trusted human services organization.
Acceptability of the Layer Poultry Farm Management System
Authors:   College of Computing and Information Sciences, Universityof Makati, Philippines, Sabado Wilber
Published: February 2025

Purpose–The web-based application called the Layer Poultry Farm Management System is aimed at helping the farmers and even owners of a layer poultry farm to efficiently and effectively manage their resources andproduction including the inventoriesand finances.

Method–This study used Descriptive-Developmental design which showed the processes of developing, testing, and evaluating the Farm Management System. Descriptive research involves testing and uses logical methods to arrive at generalization.

Results–The Layer Poultry Farm Management System’s functionality was rated 4.16 with the interpretation of Very Acceptable, reliability was rated 3.90 with the interpretation of Very Acceptable, system’s usability was rated 4.43 with the interpretation of Very Acceptable, system’s maintainability was rated 3.94 with the interpretation of Very Acceptable.

Conclusion–The system’s finance management module has successfully tracked the sales and expenses of the layer poultry farm; the inventory management module has successfully monitored the eggs, culls, layers, brooders houses, etc; the reports management module has successfully displayed the finance and inventory data; and the settings module has successfully provided the admin the ability for system configurations.

Recommendations–To add SSL for better security of the systemfor web hosting.Also, to integrate the Internet of Things into the system.

Research Implications–This research seeks to promote innovations and the development of new features that can benefit farmers.

Practical Implications–This research proves that technology integration enhances work efficiency.

Social Implications–This research shows opportunities for skilled work in using technology. Also, about the potential reduction of manual labor.

Keywords–layer poultry farm, ISO 25010, functionality, reliability, usability, maintainability
Do presencial à utilização do ensino híbrido: um relato de experiência para a formação continuada de professores no ensino superior
Authors: Sobral Ana Carolina Moura Bezerra , Cadena Marilia Ribeiro Sales , Oliveira Gilvaneide Ferreira de , Jófili Zélia Maria Soares
Published: February 2025

Introdução: As mudanças na sociedade desencadeadas pela introdução de novas tecnologias, especificamente no campo educacional, têm impactado fortemente a forma como os indivíduos se apropriam das informações e buscam respostas para atender as demandas do contexto atual. A formação dos professores, neste contexto, não poderia estar fora da discussão da necessidade da presencialidade e dos benefícios que estratégias de educação online podem trazer. Objetivo: Discutir a transição do ensino presencial para o uso de estratégias do ensino híbrido, em atividades de formação voltadas para professores que atuam no ensino superior. Relato de experiência: Este texto configura-se pelo resgate da experiência do processo de incorporação do metodologias de ensino presenciais para o ensino híbrido durante a formação pedagógica continuada de professores que atuam no ensino superior, em uma universidade pública federal, inclusive durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Considerações finais: A utilização de estratégias de ensino híbrido continua sendo utilizada até os dias atuais no âmbito da formação de professores que atuam no ensino superior da instituição e trouxe contribuições ao longo dos anos na interação dos professores com ferramentas de educação online favorecendo a reflexividade sobre sua prática.
Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos usuários atendidos em um centro de atenção psicossocial
Authors: Silva Gabrielly Sthefany Alves da , Guimarães Fernanda Jorge , Barros Mariana Boulitreau Siqueira Campos , Silva Manuel Santana e , Veras Juliana Lourenço de Araújo
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas dos usuários atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa a partir da análise dos prontuários multiprofissionais dos usuários atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II, durante os anos de 2022 a 2023. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário estruturado, com informações sociodemográficas, clínicas e de atendimento.Posteriormente, os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: Houve predominância de usuários do sexo feminino (54,9%), faixa etária de 41 a 60 anos (56,1%), ensino fundamental incompleto (32,9%) e hipótese diagnóstica primária relacionada aos transtornos de humor (43,9%). O principal local de encaminhamento foi o hospital (20,7%). Observou-se associação entre o sexo feminino e as queixas relacionadas ao transtorno de humor (p<0,001) e história de tentativa de suicídio (p<0,001). Conclusão: Este estudo possibilitou identificar a necessidade de implantação de estratégias proativas a fim de individualizar o cuidado em saúde mental para as mulheres.
Care In Context: Creating Ethical Board Leadership
Authors:   , Toppin-Casserly Lola
Published: February 2025

Boards and their directors have long been in the spotlight for enabling serious ethical collapses (Arjoon, 2005; Garratt, 2003) with personal moral values (Grant and McGhee, 2017) and leadership of directors proposed as solutions (Cikaliuk et al., 2022; Aubé et al., 2021). This research develops a model of contextual board leadership to accommodate the board setting and its particular ethical challenges.

The first two phases of research conducted interviews with over 30 board professionals across a range of small to large public organisations. Phase 3 developed and validated the findings into guidelines. The findings identified the significance of: context, an adaptive process of leadership across directors, values, board ethical competence, extensive politics and power influences, extensive board unethical leadership and calls for different models of governance. Power and privilege were found to affect a director’s perception of the ethical implications of situations. The findings extend existing calls for new theoretical directions in governance, and suggest existing models are failing to incorporate diversity, complexity of perspective and expertise, and nuanced ethical decision-making, resulting in dysfunction. Ethical board leadership was found to operate across both the chair and board directors as a process of influence to achieve effective board decision-making. Leadership as a social and contextual process of influence emerged, with one or more formal and informal ‘adaptive’ leaders, advancing a processual understanding of leadership (Yukl et al, 2019). Care ethics (Gilligan, 1982) emerged as the most relevant ethical orientation for boards; yet, others were also relevant depending on the concrete situation, thus requiring nuanced situational leadership from directors. Further, ethical and unethical leadership in boards could not be separated: with one easily becoming the other unless ethical approaches are taken to group politics and power dynamics. Political behaviours in the form of organisational politics were found to occur extensively, leading to ineffective decision-making if not managed ethically. The research develops guidelines with 7 dimensions and 40 behavioural items to ensure effective decision-making, particularly in public governance and makes practical and theoretical contributions. These guidelines should be relevant for decades ahead of modernising governance as a sector and for other sectors in an increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world.
Творчість українських письменників діаспори: форми й методи науково-дослідницької роботи в сучасній школі
Authors: Яблонська Ольга , Ліштван Людмила
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the publication is to consider the possible forms and methods of research work in a modern school based on the creativity of Ukrainian writers of the diaspora. The tasks of the research are united by the need to build a certain algorithm of cooperation between the student and the teacher, the formation of scientific communication. The theoretical basis of the article is based on a complex approach to the problem.
The result of the study is a vision of the importance of the preparatory stage, whichcan take place in the form of thematic excursions to museums and libraries, in particular, the possibilities of such implementation for schoolchildren of the Volyn region. It is emphasized that the principles of accessibility and continuity, systematic work are important methodical aspects of the manager's cooperation with the student. The importance of the student's independent work is noted (thoughtful reading of works of art, work with literary research, creation of a scientific text). It is emphasized that academic integrity and scientific innovation are fundamental components. The student's path from writing essays, speeches during scientific or ceremonial events in the classroom and school to the presentation of achievements in the form of a research project, participation in competitions and scientific events of various levels, preparation of a joint publication with the teacher is outlined.
The role of a teacher in the preparation of a student research project as an experienced scientist and a wise mentor, taking care of his scientific and methodical development, in particular mastering new research methods, as well as establishing consultations with university teachers, is considered. In the study of the work of Ukrainian writers of the diaspora, it is suggested to intensify the microanalysis of the artistic text, to use the directions of comparative studies, and to involve the variety of memoirs.
The conclusions emphasize the methodical aspects of the cooperation between themanager and the student and the principles of research work at the school.
ABORDAJE DE LA LUMBALGIA
Authors: Chávez Vallarino Oscar , Velarde Borjas Hiram Jesse , Arriaga Soriano Monserrat , Luque Ramos Adriana , Mateos Troncoso Carlos Silvestre , Altamira García Josefina , Ramos Sánchez Alcides
Published: February 2025

La lumbalgia es la causa más frecuente de limitación de la actividad en pacientes que son menores de 45 años, la segunda causa más frecuente de visitas al médico familiar, la quinta causa de ingreso al hospital, y la tercera causa más común de procedimientos quirúrgicos.  Se estima que el 75 % a 80 % de la población adulta tendrá lumbalgia al menos una vez en su vida.  La mayoría de los pacientes no busca atención médica y se recupera después de un período corto de tratamiento. Sin embargo, alrededor del 10 % de estos pacientes desarrollan dolor crónico persistente o recurrente. Para clasificar la causa del dolor lumbar, se debe realizar una historia clínica minuciosa y un examen físico exhaustivo.  Los estudios de imagen deberán ser solicitados de manera juiciosa y bajo un algoritmo basado en los síntomas. Entre ellos comprenden radiografías simples, tomografía y resonancia magnética.  La electromiografía tiene también un valor diagnóstico importante. Una vez que las medidas conservadoras han fallado y el paciente persiste con lumbalgia que limita la vida normal, por más de 6 meses, o con síntomas radiculares nuevos, se deben considerar opciones quirúrgicas para resolver este padecimiento.
NUTRICION EN LA OSTEOPOROSIS. Revisión Narrativa.
Authors: García Vazquez Edgar Hiram , Mar-Fernandez Anahi , Avila-Lopez Abigail , Izaguirre Aldo , Cárdenas-Junco Mireya Graciela , Jimenez-Andrade Juan Miguel
Published: February 2025

Se estima que 1 de cada 12 mujeres mexicanas y 1 de cada 20 hombres mexicanos mayores 50 años sufrirán una fractura de cadera a lo largo de su vida. Durante el 2010, la prevalencia en personas mayores o igual a 40 años que sufren de osteopenia y osteoporosis fue de 32.8% y 8%, respectivamente.
Gastritis aguda: sintomatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento: artículo de revisión.
Authors: Vazquez Nava Francisco
Published: February 2025

La gastritis es la inflamación, aguda o crónica de la mucosa gástrica, constituye un problema importante de salud en el mundo y genera diversos efectos negativos en quien la padece. Se ha documentado que en los pacientes que sufren de esta enfermedad se produce un aumento en la producción de ácido clorhídrico, sin embargo, se ha registrado que en algunos casos existe una producción normal de ácido e incluso, puede presentarse una hiposecreción gástrica.
Percepción y conocimientos acerca de la osteoporosis: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Navarro Olmeda Martha Vanessa , Ojeda Rodríguez Kevin Ricardo , Izaguirre Aldo
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCCIÓN: La osteoporosis es una enfermedad caracterizada por la disminución de la densidad de la masa ósea, que conlleva a fragilidad ósea y a un gran riesgo de fractura. Cada vez son más los esfuerzos en crear e implementar programas de prevención que resulten efectivos y para ello es necesario conocer el grado de entendimiento y comprensión que tiene la gente sobre la osteoporosis. Para ello se han creado herramientas que establecen el nivel de información ya adquirido por los pacientes, como lo es el OKAT y sus variantes. No existe como tal aún validado un cuestionario fiable para evaluar la osteoporosis en la población mexicana.
OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión literaria de la aplicación del cuestionario OKAT para osteoporosis.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos relacionados al tema de osteoporosis en sitios como PubMed y Google Académico, utilizando el cuestionario OKAT para la medición y validación del conocimiento sobre la osteoporosis. Se usaron las siguientes palabras clave: OKAT, osteoporosis, percepciones, conocimientos, medición de conocimientos, prevención y actitudes.
RESULTADOS: De 126 artículos que se consideraron, solo 18 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Los conocimientos relacionados con la osteoporosis son mayores a menor edad y a mayor nivel de estudios.
CONCLUSIONES: Las actitudes y conocimientos de las personas hacia la osteoporosis son deficientes cuando se utiliza el cuestionario OKAT. La educación mejora el conocimiento de factores de riesgo, consecuencias y acciones preventivas, aunque esto no traduce en que sean aplicadas en la población de riesgo.
PALABRAS CLAVE: OKAT, percepción, conocimientos, prevención, educación.
EXAMINING SOCIAL JUSTICE AND RESERVATION POLITICS IN TUMKUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA: INSIGHTS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: H Rangaswamaiah , K.C Suresha
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of social justice and reservation politics in Tumkur district, Karnataka, using data collected from 65 samples. The research explores educational attainment, employment status, political participation, awareness and perceived effectiveness of reservation policies, challenges in accessing education, quality of education, representation in local governance, participation in skill development programs, and satisfaction with government support schemes. The findings indicate that significant challenges persist while reservation policies have facilitated educational and employment opportunities for marginalized communities. The data reveals that a considerable portion of the SC/ST/OBC population has attained secondary education (23.1%) and above, yet financial constraints (30.8%) and inadequate infrastructure (30.8%) remain major hurdles. Employment data shows a high unemployment rate (38.5%) despite government job reservations (27.7%). Political participation is moderate, with 38.5% perceiving the policies as only slightly effective. Representation in local governance is limited, with 33.8% reporting low levels and 30.8% reporting none. Awareness of reservation policies is varied, with 38.5% being fully aware. However, the effectiveness of these policies is questioned, with only 15.4% considering them highly effective. Skill development programs should be more utilized, with 72.3% not participating. Satisfaction with government support schemes is mixed, with 46.2% expressing satisfaction. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to improve educational quality, enhance employment opportunities, and strengthen political participation and representation. Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing social justice and ensuring the equitable distribution of resources and opportunities in the Tumkur district.
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND THEIR LIMITS: EVALUATING INDIA-CHINA BORDER CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES (2000–2020)
Authors: Ganiger Santosh Mallappa
Published: February 2025

The India-China border dispute, a persistent geopolitical challenge, has seen numerous institutional mechanisms established between 2000 and 2020 to mitigate tensions through Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs). This study evaluates the efficacy and limitations of these CBMs, analysing their role in fostering stability amidst enduring territorial disagreements. Through qualitative examination of bilateral agreements, diplomatic engagements, and conflict incidents, the paper assesses key frameworks such as the 1996 Agreement on Confidence-Building Measures, the 2005 Protocol on Modalities, and the 2013 Border Defence Cooperation Agreement. Findings reveal that CBMs facilitated crucial communication channels—including hotlines, joint military exercises, and high-level dialogues—which temporarily eased friction and managed crises like the 2013 Depsang standoff. However, recurrent clashes, notably the 2017 Doklam crisis and the lethal 2020 Galwan Valley conflict, underscore institutional shortcomings. Limitations stem from unresolved territorial claims, ambiguous perceptions of the Line of Actual Control (LAC), and inadequate enforcement mechanisms. Bureaucratic inertia, slow adaptation to on-ground realities, and a deficit of mutual political trust further weaken CBM implementation. The study concludes that while CBMs are vital for crisis management, their utility remains constrained without addressing core disputes. Sustainable peace necessitates integrating CBMs with robust diplomatic efforts to resolve territorial ambiguities and foster deeper strategic trust. The paper advocates for agile, transparent institutions complemented by political dialogue, highlighting the interplay between procedural mechanisms and broader conflict resolution strategies in one of Asia’s most volatile borderlands.
Agências de checagem no Brasil: uma análise das metodologias de fact-checking
Authors:   , Andrade Karina Costa de
Published: February 2025

A disseminação de fake news, potencializada pela velocidade de compartilhamento por meio das redes sociais, fez com que o campo jornalístico investisse em uma nova especialidade da profissão, o Fact-Checking, ou checagem de fatos, prática originária dos Estados Unidos. Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar qual a preocupação das agências de checagem brasileiras Aos Fatos, Truco, Boatos.org e Uol Confere, em apresentar para o seu público a metodologia do trabalho de apuração, considerando que a transparência é premissa básica do Fact-Checking. Para atingir este objetivo, utilizou-se da Análise de Conteúdo (AC) como método de pesquisa, sendo a mesma de caráter exploratório e abordagem quantitativa. O resultado mostra que duas das iniciativas de checagem brasileiras analisadas respeitam o princípio básico da atividade, enquanto as outras duas não são transparentes com a sua audiência.
A scoping review protocol of adequate staff allocation for new nurses in the critical care unit in an Arab country
Authors: Charmaine Escuyos Aboy
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This review delves into the perspectives and attitudes of new nurses regarding patient safety as they transition to another country and professional practice. Offering valuable insights into their learning experiences within intensive care environments. It emphasizes the essential need for robust training programs that effectively prepare nurses transitioning into intensive care units (ICUs). This is to address the issues of insufficient staff allocation for new nurses in an organization by concurrently conducting a database search, a grey literature search, and a key informant survey.
Methods: The goal is to address the issues associated with insufficient staff allocation for new nurses in an organization by conducting a simultaneous search of databases, grey literature, and key informant interviews. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be used to assist with reporting in this scoping review procedure.
Results: Data will be analyzed systematically and will be presented in a descriptive narrative format.
Conclusion: The proposed scoping review is to identify, understand, and map the literature on inadequate staff allocation for new nurses in the critical care unit. It is anticipated that the results of a scoping review will inform policymakers of healthcare facilities. And will be a basis that could help nursing management in transitioning nurses to ensure standard high-quality, and patient-safety care.
Verification of analytical performance of Microalbuminuria assay on the Abbott Alinity ci®: Experience of the central laboratory of Mohammed VI University Hospital of Oujda
Authors: Yassir El Azraky  , Dounia Elmoujtahide  , El Houcine Sebbar  , Mohammed Choukri
Published: February 2025

The verification of analytical methods is crucial to ensure the accuracy of results. This study evaluates the performance of the microalbuminuria assay method in the central laboratory of CHU Mohammed VI in Oujda, to confirm its reliability for the diagnosis and monitoring of renal disorders and related conditions.
We conducted a performance study of the Alinity ci® system by assessing repeatability and reproducibility in accordance with the COFRAC GTA 04 technical accreditation guidelines, in line with the quality requirements of the ISO 15189 standard.
The results of our study indicate satisfactory repeatability for the two levels (low and high), with coefficients of variation of 1.24% and 1.12%, respectively. Additionally, reproducibility was also satisfactory, with coefficients of variation for these same levels of 4.73% and 4.75%, respectively.
The reliability of the microalbuminuria assay results in our laboratory is confirmed by the satisfactory results obtained in our study, which comply with the recommendations of RICOS and FSCB.
Parametric Characterization of the Calabar River, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Antigha REE  , Ogarekpe NM  , Ekom RI  , Eludire OO  , Badmus TA
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the physicochemical and biological parameters in water from the Calabar River. A comparison of the water quality parameters to the Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) was carried out. Samples were collected from ten (10) designated sampling points, spaced at five hundred (500) metres interval. The parameters analyzed included temperature, pH, TDS, DO, THC, TCC, Ammonium, Phosphate, Nitrate, BOD, COD, TCC and THC. The comparison of the results with the NSDWQ revealed that the permissible limits for the parameters varied for different locations. The results of conductivity analysis revealed that most of the samples had low ion concentrations. The Total Coliform level was found to be quite higher than the acceptable limit for all the points sampled. For the sampling points under review, only samples from two locations met the reference pH level of 6.5 – 8.5. T.D.S levels fluctuated across the sampling points, with a peak in sampling point 5, suggesting variability in the concentration of dissolved substances. A nexus of legislation and the implementation of a stricter pollution control measures, particularly around industrial sites and agricultural runoff, to minimize the introduction of contaminants into water bodies will go a long way in curbing the menace of water quality degradation
Demonstration of gas laws in physics lessons
Authors: Aleksei Gavrilov
Published: February 2025

The article describes a simple, compact device that can be used to demonstrate the validity of three gas laws in physics lessons: Boyle´s, Charles´s, and Gay-Lussac´s laws.
Sustainable practices in cement and concrete production: Reducing CO2 emissions and enhancing carbon sequestration
Authors: Efe Jessa  , Ayodeji Ajidahun
Published: February 2025

The construction industry significantly contributes to global carbon emissions, with cement and concrete production accounting for nearly 7% of total CO2 emissions. Their environmental impact stems from energy-intensive manufacturing processes and CO2-releasing chemical reactions. This paper explores sustainable alternatives to traditional cement and concrete to mitigate their carbon footprint.
Alternative materials such as fly ash, slag, and limestone can replace portions of traditional cement, reducing CO2 emissions by up to 40% while maintaining strength and durability. Additionally, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have shown potential in reducing emissions from cement plants by up to 60%. Enhancing the natural carbonation process in concrete can further increase its ability to sequester CO2 over time, transforming it into a more effective carbon sink.
Case studies highlight the success of these approaches in real-world applications. However, challenges such as high costs and the need for regulatory support persist. The paper underscores the necessity for continued research, industry collaboration, and policy development to accelerate the adoption of low-carbon construction materials. These efforts are crucial for reducing the construction sector's environmental impact and supporting global climate change mitigation initiatives.
Unlocking the power of digital twins in personalized healthcare
Authors: Dionysia Chrysanthakopoulou  , Constantinos Koutsojannis
Published: February 2025

Digital twins (DTs) emerge as a transformative force within the realm of healthcare, heralding a new era characterized by personalized treatment modalities and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review delves into the profound advancements witnessed in DT applications, varying from customization of treatment plans for complex ailments like heart disease and cancer, to optimization of drug discovery processes and rehabilitation protocols.

The advent of DTs represents healthcare innovation, offering virtual replicas of patients and anatomical structures that empower clinicians with unprecedented insights and capabilities. These virtual models enable the tailoring of treatment strategies to individual patient profiles, facilitating precise interventions that maximize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects.

Nevertheless, amidst the promise of DTs lie certain limitations and challenges that warrant meticulous attention. Chief among these, is the imperative for interdisciplinary collaboration across medical, technological, and ethical domains to ensure seamless integration and ethical deployment of DTs in healthcare settings. Robust measures must be instituted to safeguard patient data privacy and uphold ethical principles such as fairness, autonomy, and transparency.

Despite these challenges, the transformative potential of DTs in healthcare remains unparalleled. Through virtual organ simulations, personalized medicine initiatives, and the optimization of clinical trials, DTs offer a glimpse into a future, where interventions are truly tailored to the needs of patients. Realizing this potential necessitates concerted efforts to address the identified challenges and pave the way for a future characterized by improved patient outcomes, enhanced decision-making processes, and the realization of personalized medicine.
An Integrative Activity Model Proposal for University-Industry Cooperation Studies in Design Education
Authors: Özyurt Elmas Merve , Eyüp Ahmet Çetin
Published: February 2025

The university-industry collaborations are of considerable significance for the multifaceted and sectoral industrial design discipline. It is one of the most crucial sources for students to obtain ideas and information about which sector they will turn to during their education process. The inclusion of these resources in industrial design education is effective in the student's competence acquisition as well as orientations. We observe that these collaborations, which are the focus of industrial design education in Türkiye, take place in activities, such as project courses, workshops or competitions. To contribute to the development of these models, this study revealed the contributions of the University-Industry cooperation stakeholders and the learning from a descriptive perspective of design educators. The design and design processes of the workshop, which involved 30 students forming six teams, were made and finalized in line with the relevant literature. This study aimed to provide two main contributions: supporting teamwork in educational processes and creating professional interfaces in industrial design. With the experiences gained, a sustainable and collaborative model has been proposed for implementation and development in industrial design education processes.
CAUSES OF TRAIN BRAKING SYSTEM FAILURES OF MOSCOW METRO
Authors: Kulikov Mikhail , Voronin Nikolay , Gushchin Dmitry
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The statistics and structure of failures of trains and braking systems of Moscow Metro are presented. The reasons for finding ways and means to increase the reliability of metro train braking systems are described.
The study objective is to increase the durability of metro train braking systems. The task to which the paper is devoted is to find out the weaknesses of metro train braking systems.
Research methods: theoretical methods for the study of metro train braking systems, analysis of failure causes, their features, varieties, and analysis of operational principle and design of braking systems.
The novelty of the work: finding out the most vulnerable unit of metro train braking systems.
Research results: rubber products are the most vulnerable components of braking systems. Conclusions: some work is required to find ways and means to increase their reliability.
Unlocking Health Potential: Effects of Free Maternal and Child Health Program
Authors: Singh Tejendra Pratap , Yusuff Olanrewaju
Published: February 2025

We investigate the health impacts of Nigeria’s free maternal and child health program (FMCHP), leveraging variation in exposure to the program across births to the same mother. Results show reduced under-five mortality, with effects more pronounced in disadvantaged populations. The decline in under-five mortality is higher in areas with more healthcare services. Increased demand for preventive care likely drives improvements in under-five mortality. The FMCHP prevents a child’s death at approximately 54% of annual household expenditure. Our findings suggest that improving access to institutional healthcare during pregnancy improves maternal and child health outcomes in areas with low healthcare utilization. These conclusions are robust to various empirical checks.
Meta-regression to explain shrinkage and heterogeneity in large-scale replication projects
Authors: Heyard Rachel , Held Leonhard
Published: February 2025

Recent large-scale replication projects (RPs) have estimated concerningly low reproducibility rates. Further, they all reported substantial degrees of shrinkage of effect size, where the replica tion effect size was found to be, on average, much smaller than the original effect size. Within these RPs, the included original-replication study-pairs can vary substantially with respect to aspects of study design, outcome measures, and descriptive features of both original and replication study population and study team. When broader claims about the reproducibility of an entire field are based on aggregations of such heterogeneous data, it becomes imperative to conduct a rigorous analysis of the amount and sources of shrinkage and heterogeneity within and between study-pairs included. Methodology from the meta-analysis literature provides an approach for quantifying the heterogeneity present in RPs, as additive or multiplicative parameter. Meta-regression methodology further allows for an investigation of the sources of shrinkage and heterogeneity. We propose the use of location-scale meta-regressions as a means to directly relate the identified characteristics with shrinkage (represented by the location) and the heterogeneity variance (represented by the scale). This could also provide valuable insights into drivers and factors associated with high or low reproducibility rates and therefore contextualise results of PRs. The proposed methodology is illustrated using data from the Replication Project Psychology and the Replication Project Experimental Economics. All analysis scripts and data are available online.
Unveiling the Aha! moment: a computational account of insight in active inference
Authors: Doulfoukar Youssef , Pezzulo Giovanni , Stuyck Hans
Published: February 2025

Insight, also referred to as the “Aha!” moment, is a distinctive cognitive phenomenon in which an idea or solution to a problem suddenly emerges into consciousness. Although extensively described in the literature, the nature of its distinctive cognitive and affective mechanisms is still poorly understood. In this paper, we formalize a computational approach to insight grounded in the active inference framework. By modeling insight as Bayesian model reduction in a modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, we succeed in simulating its distinct affective signature (i.e., its discontinuous nature and burst of confidence) in an artificial agent. In light of those simulations, we regard restructuring as Bayesian model reduction and impasse as a transient state of heightened uncertainty over possible actions. Finally, we propose that, during problem-solving, one regularly engages in phases of (generative) replay to generate and evaluate alternative models for subsequent model reduction.
Differential Neural Responsivity in Highly Resilient Individuals during Reward Anticipation
Authors: Seeley Saren H.
Published: February 2025

Background. The capacity to experience positive emotions supports psychological resilience. Thefunctioning of reward neural circuitry plays a significant role in positive emotionality and tends to bedampened in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, neuroimaging studieshave scarcely examined neural correlates of reward processing associated with being highly resilient inthe face of trauma exposure.Method. We recruited World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers (N=94) from three groups:“Highly Resilient” (higher WTC-related trauma exposure plus no current/lifetime psychopathology;n=34), “Lower WTC-exposed” (lower WTC-related trauma exposure plus no current/lifetimepsychopathology; n=31), and “PTSD” (chronic WTC-related PTSD; n=32). We examined rewardanticipation during the Incentive Flanker Task, focusing on regions of interest associated with rewardsalience (nucleus accumbens) and reward valuation (ventromedial prefrontal cortex; vmPFC).Results. Activation of the left nucleus accumbens was significantly greater in the Highly Resilient groupcompared to the Lower WTC-exposed group (Cohen’s d=0.70) and, after statistically adjusting forpsychotropic medication, the PTSD group (d=0.62), Similar results were observed for the vmPFC. Incontrast, Highly Resilient and Lower WTC-exposed scored comparably on self-report measures ofpositive emotionality, and higher than those in the chronic WTC-related PTSD group.Conclusions. Findings support the idea that neural responsivity to potential rewards may enableresilience, potentially by buffering negative effects of substantial trauma exposure. Integratingneurobiological assessments with psychological measures may help better understand how positiveemotionality is linked to psychological resilience. Improved understanding of this link could beleveraged for clinical assessment and intervention in trauma-exposed populations
The way of thinking about depressive symptoms using Poisson process and exponential distribution (exponential process)
Authors: Yabu Takuya
Published: February 2025

So far, we have been using stochastic differential equations to explain the process of deriving emotions and ways of thinking based on the assumption of a Wiener process. However, in reality, there are cases where depression suddenly appears when things are going well. If a person is suffering from depression, the values of the group of curves, such as the similarity curve, will be at their lowest negative value if we consider them using a Wiener process. However, there are cases where a person goes from feeling good to suffering from depression, in other words, where the values of the group of curves, such as the similarity curve, suddenly change from positive to their lowest negative value. This cannot be explained using the conventional approach of considering groups of curves such as similar curves using the Wiener process. Therefore, we considered depression symptoms using the Poisson process and the exponential distribution (exponential process). We derived a stochastic differential equation that gives the number of times a person become depressed within a certain period of time, and showed that the number of times a person become depressed within a certain period of time follows a Poisson process. We also derived a stochastic differential equation that gives the time a person is feeling depressed, and showed that the time a person is feeling depressed follows an exponential distribution (exponential process). Based on these results, we explained the relationship between the number of times one feels depressed and the length of time one is depressed, and stated that putting oneself in an environment or situation where one is less likely to become depressed is a way of dealing with depression.
Ethical Considerations of Open Science
Authors: Moussaoui Jannah Rabha , McCarley Jason S. , Soicher Raechel N.
Published: February 2025

In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of the replication crisis and how it gave way to the open science movement. Through a series of case studies, we discuss the ethical considerations of various open science practices, including preregistration, open materials, and open access.
Cultural Variation in Attitudes Towards Social Chatbots
Authors: Folk Dunigan Parker , Wu Chenxi , Heine Steven
Published: February 2025

Across two studies (Total N = 1,659), we found evidence for cultural differences in attitudes towards socially bonding with conversational AI. In Study 1 (N = 675), university students with an East Asian cultural background expected to enjoy a conversation with a chatbot (vs. with a human) more than students with European background. Moreover, they were less uncomfortable and more approving of someone else socially connecting with a chatbot (vs. human) than the students with a European background. In Study 2 (pre-registered; N = 984), we found similar evidence for cultural differences comparing samples of Chinese and Japanese adults currently living in East Asia to adults currently living in the United States. Critically, these cultural differences were explained by East Asian participants increased propensity to anthropomorphize technology. Overall, our findings suggest there is cultural variability in attitudes towards chatbots and that these differences are mediated by differences in anthropomorphism.
Determine of Proxemic Distance Changes before and During COVID-19 Pandemic with Cognitive Science Approach
Authors: SALEHI SHABNAM , Naghshineh Roozbeh , Ahmadian َAli
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In recent years, neuroscience-based methodologies have influenced architectural planning and urban studies. Since spaces are designed around proxemic relationships, studying mind-environment interactions can offer new design approaches for human spaces. Furthermore, with the prevalence of COVID-19 and the “social distancing” policy recommended by WHO, its application may affect proxemic presuppositions. Consequently, this may change individual and social proxemic distances, followed by new dimensions in urban space components. This paper addresses the hypothetical changes in mental proxemics in the face of pandemic social distancing restrictions. This study examines and measures the mental proxemics of individuals at personal and social distances in urban spaces. The research method is quasi-experimental; primary data were collected through testing participants with a portable EEG (Electroencephalogram) device, questionnaires, and library studies. All subjects were randomly selected, and the study samples were paired before participating in the designed test. The findings demonstrated that the mental proxemics of individuals at social distances were affected during the COVID-19 period. However, to define the exact amount of variation, further tasks should be implemented. These changes could influence the effective dimensions in the design of urban furniture to achieve soothing distances in urban life.
Volunteering Trajectories across Crises: Resilience, Persistence and Spill-over between Ordinary and Crisis Volunteering
Authors: Høgenhaven Lærke , Møgelmose Louis , Carlsen Hjalmar Bang , Toubøl Jonas
Published: February 2025

This study contributes to the sociology of volunteering and crisis research by analyzing the little studied relationship between crisis volunteering (addressing societal crises) and ordinary volunteering (unrelated to crises). This is achieved by examining the resilience of ordinary volunteering during crises, possible spill-over between ordinary and crisis volunteering, and the persistence of crisis volunteering across the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and the reception of Ukraine refugees fleeing from Russia’s invasion in 2022. Using data from random samples of Danish adults before (n2020=3,519), during (n2021=1,700) and after (n2024=1,548) the pandemic, the results show that ordinary volunteering was highly resilient to the pandemic despite a significant reduction during the crisis. A five-round panel (n=694) further shows that, while ordinary volunteers transitioned into crisis volunteering, crisis volunteering did not spill over into ordinary volunteering after the pandemic. Rather, crisis volunteers persisted engaging in crisis volunteering when Ukraine refugees arrived in 2022.
Subclinical Mastitis and Antibiotic Resistance in Dairy Cows, Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Anup Muni , Shrestha Ankit , Shrestha Anup , Pokhrel Asmita , Pokhrel Rojina , Gurung Shabnam
Published: February 2025

Subclinical mastitis is a significant health concern in dairy cows, leading to decreased milk production and quality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows from Bharatpur Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal, and assess the antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogens isolated. A total of 200 milk samples from 50 cows (Jersey, Holstein, and crossbreeds) were tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT), with 30 samples (15%) testing positive. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was higher in older cows and those with higher parity, with Jersey cows showing an increasing trend from 34.62% (3-6 years) to 100% (9 years or above). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen (53.85%), followed by Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CONS) and Bacillus spp. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that Staphylococcus aureus isolates were most sensitive to gentamicin (100%), followed by doxycy¬cline and cotrimoxazole. These findings highlight the need for regular monitoring of mastitis and prudent use of antibiotics to prevent resistance.